bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradual stretching of the proximal nerve stump induces the growth of regenerating sprouts in rats
Authors: Saijilafu  , Nishiura Yasumasa , Hara Yuki , Yoshii Yuichi , Ochiai Naoyuki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe investigated the effect of direct gradual stretching on the proximal nerve stump morphologically. A 10‐mm‐long nerve segment was resected from the sciatic nerve of a rat. The end of the proximal nerve stump was fixed to a small ring and the marking suture was placed at a point 1 mm proximal to the ring. Then, the nerve stump was lengthened at a rate of 1 mm/day via a stretching of the ring using an original external device. After a stretching of 20 days, the distance from the ring to the marking suture became 12 mm. Whereas large mature myelinated axons were observed in the proximal part of the marking, only small axons with thin myelin sheath were observed in the distal part, and the mean axonal diameter showed a significant difference between the two parts. Moreover, the mean internodal length was 172.4 ± 13.4 µm in the distal part of the marking and 1019.0 ± 56.2 µm in the proximal part. The internodal length also showed a significant difference between the two parts. Thus, the axonal diameter and internodal length were consistent with the characteristics of regenerating axons in the distal part. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis also showed the histological characteristics of axonal regeneration. Thus, a transected proximal nerve stump may be lengthened by axonal regeneration during gradual stretching, and the stimulus of mechanical stretching may induce the growth of regenerating axons. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1012–1017, 2008
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting TNF‐α can suppress co‐cr‐mo particle‐induced osteolysis
Authors: Dong Lei , Wang Rui , Zhu Yi‐an , Wang Chunming , Diao Huajia , Zhang Chenyu , Zhao Jianning , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe most common cause of implant failure in joint replacement is aseptic loosening due to particle‐induced osteolysis. TNF‐α has been shown to be one of the key factors in the process of osteoclastogenesis. Anti‐TNF agents are useful in the treatment of joint inflammation related to osteolysis. This study investigated the effect of a single subcutaneous dose of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) on particle‐induced osteolysis. We utilized the murine calvaria osteolysis model in C57BL/J6 mice. Bone resorption was measured by the toluidine blue staining. Osteoclasts were detected by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining assay and were quantified by a TRAP quantification kit. Results show that bone resorption is 0.347 ± 0.09 mm2 in mice with particle implantation, and decreased to 0.123 ± 0.05 mm2 and 0.052 ± 0.02 mm2 after ASO treatment with low and high doses, respectively. The number of osteoclasts in animal calvaria treated with ASO is reduced compared with that of untreated animals, and the quantification results indicate that about 90% of osteoclastogenesis is suppressed by the ASO. In addition, the osteoclastogenesis can be reestablished by the addition of TNF‐α. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the antisense oligonucleotide targeting to TNF‐α can suppress osteolysis induced by metal particles in a murine calvaria model. This new finding may be of value in the search for novel therapeutic methods for implant loosening. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1114–1120, 2008
Increased IL‐1β expression and myofibroblast recruitment in subacromial bursa is associated with rotator cuff lesions with shoulder stiffness
Authors: Ko Jih‐Yang , Wang Feng‐Sheng , Huang Hsuan‐Ying , Wang Ching‐Jen , Tseng Shin‐Ling , Hsu Chin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe evaluated whether proinflammatory cytokine expression and myofibroblast recruitment in subacromial bursa was linked to rotator cuff lesions with shoulder stiffness. We analyzed expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in subacromial bursa and joint fluid collected from 14 patients with cuff tears with stiffness as a study group (Group I) and 14 patients with rotator cuff tears without shoulder stiffness as a control group (Group II) using real‐time RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Myofibroblast apoptosis in subacromial bursa was analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) and α‐smooth muscle actin immunofluorescence staining. Shoulder function was evaluated using the Constant score. Group I had higher mRNA expression (p < 0.001) and immunoreactivities (p < 0.001) of IL‐1β. They also had higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in joint fluid. Increased IL‐1β mRNA expression in the subacromial bursa and IL‐1β levels in joint fluid were correlated with a preoperative deficit in shoulder motion (p < 0.001) and preoperative Constant scores (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence observations showed that Group I subjects had more myofibroblasts (p < 0.001) than Group II. In Group II, a significant correlation was found between apoptotic myofibroblasts and total myofibroblasts (p = 0.002), but not in Group I (p = 0.510). Increased expression of IL‐1β and myofibroblast recruitment in the subacromial bursa in rotator cuff lesions are linked to shoulder stiffness. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1090–1097, 2008
Chemotransport contributes to the effect of oscillatory fluid flow on human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation
Authors: Riddle Ryan C. , Hippe Karen R. , Donahue Henry J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMechanical loads produce a diverse set of biophysical signals that may regulate bone cell activity, but accumulating evidence suggests that interstitial fluid flow is the primary signal that bone cells perceive. Because we previously demonstrated that oscillatory fluid flow increases human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation, we investigated the contribution of fluid shear stress and chemotransport, two stimuli induced by interstitial fluid flow. Alterations in flow rate at a constant peak shear stress were associated with decreases in oscillatory fluid flow‐induced marrow stromal cell proliferation, while variations in peak fluid shear stress had no significant effect. Modulation of marrow stromal cell proliferation by flow rate may be attributed to changes in the release of ATP and intracellular calcium signaling. We found that if the flow rate is decreased while maintaining a constant peak fluid shear stress, marrow stromal cells release less ATP into the extracellular environment. Moreover, as the flow rate decreased fewer cells respond to fluid flow with an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. These data suggest that chemotransport is a prerequisite for marrow stromal cells to respond to interstitial fluid flow. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:918–924, 2008
A computerized analysis‐by‐synthesis algorithm improves precision of linear wear measurements in total hip replacements
Authors: Dora Claudio , Burckhardt Kathrin , Székely Gábor , Rousson Valentin , Hodler Juerg , Gerber Christian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPrecision is important if small polyethylene wear rates are to be detected early and in small sample sizes. Using an automatic, computerized algorithm relying on a synthetic X‐ray generated from a computer‐assisted design (CAD) model of the implant may significantly improve precision of linear wear measurements. We compared this method to provide improved in vivo precision compared to the widely used Hip Analysis Suite™ software (version 8.0.1.7). Two anterior–posterior pelvic X‐rays were taken on the same day of 18 total hip implants, and wear was measured by three observers using the two methods. Expected real wear was zero and defined as a reference value. Two sources of variability were estimated: one due to the instrument, and one due to different operators. A Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for statistical comparisons. The overall precision (instrument variability and multioperator variability) given a 95% precision limit was significantly higher (p < 0.001) using the proposed method (±0.15 mm) when compared to the Hip Analysis Suite (±0.84 mm). Due to the availability of the full CAD data of the implant and to further automation of the measuring process, the newly proposed method provided improved precision in measuring polyethylene wear. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1121–1126, 2008
Generating ultrafilters in a reasonable way
Authors: Rosłanowski Andrzej , Shelah Saharon 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe continue investigations of reasonable ultrafilters on uncountable cardinals defined in Shelah [8]. We introduce a general scheme of generating a filter on λ from filters on smaller sets and we investigate the combinatorics of objects obtained this way. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On countable choice and sequential spaces
Authors: Gutierres Gonçalo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUnder the axiom of choice, every first countable space is a Fréchet‐Urysohn space. Although, in its absence even ℝ may fail to be a sequential space.Our goal in this paper is to discuss under which set‐theoretic conditions some topological classes, such as the first countable spaces, the metric spaces, or the subspaces of ℝ, are classes of Fréchet‐Urysohn or sequential spaces.In this context, it is seen that there are metric spaces which are not sequential spaces. This fact raises the question of knowing if the completion of a metric space exists and it is unique. The answer depends on the definition of completion.Among other results it is shown that: every first countable space is a sequential space if and only if the axiom of countable choice holds, the sequential closure is idempotent in ℝ if and only if the axiom of countable choice holds for families of subsets of ℝ, and every metric space has a unique $ \hat \sigma $‐completion. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nutritional concerns in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Kappelman Michael D. , Bousvaros Athos 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn approximately one‐fourth of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), disease onset occurs during childhood and adolescence. In addition to gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), children with these conditions often experience one or more nutritional complications of their disease including growth failure, delayed puberty, osteoporosis, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of selected nutritional complications in pediatric IBD.
Predicting interactions between conventional medications and botanical products on the basis ofin vitroinvestigations
Authors: Markowitz John S. , von Moltke Lisa L. , Donovan Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe potential for various natural products to perturb the metabolism and disposition of medications has been recognized for decades. There are numerousin vitroandin vivomethods available to screen botanical products for drug interaction potential. Although many normal volunteer botanical‐drug interaction studies have been performed, clearly,in vitrostudies assessing the potential for drug interactions with various natural products represent the predominant type of published research performed to date. In addition to the recognized limitations ofin vitroscreening methodologies to assess conventional drug interactions, further difficulties emerge when examining botanical products. Primary challenges include assigning hepatic concentrations and accounting for bioavailability, distribution, first‐pass metabolism and active metabolites. Additionally, variability in the chemical composition of commercially available botanical supplements, the lack of analytical standards and the inability to accurately screen the entities as mixtures add to complexities in experimental design. This mini‐review is intended to address the particular problems and challenges in evaluating botanical supplements usingin vitromethods, and review what can and cannot be learned from such investigations.
Time‐course regulation of quercetin on cell survival/proliferation pathways in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Granado‐Serrano Ana Belén , Angeles Martín María , Bravo Laura , Goya Luis , Ramos Sonia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractQuercetin, a dietary flavonoid, has been shown to possess anticarcinogenic properties, but the precise molecular mechanisms of action are not thoroughly elucidated. This study was aimed at investigating the time‐course regulation effect of quercetin on survival/proliferation pathways in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Quercetin induced a significant time‐dependent inactivation of the major survival signaling proteins, i. e., phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase)/protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase C‐α (PKC‐α), in concert with a time‐dependent activation of key death‐related signals: c‐jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) and PKC‐δ. These data suggest that quercetin exerts a tight regulation of survival/proliferation pathways that requires the integration of different signals and persists over time, being the balance of these regulatory signals what determines the fate of HepG2 cells.
Carbon‐13 NMR of fluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Brey Wallace S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCarbon‐13 and hydrogen NMR data are presented for several cyclopropanes with one to four fluorine atoms attached to the ring. Substituents directly attached to a ring carbon are found to unshield that carbon to an extent increasing with their electronegativity, but remote substituents may have an opposite effect. Relative orientation of the substituent groups, especially if they are bulky, also has a strong influence on the ring‐carbon shifts. Chemical shifts of carbons in methyl groups attached to the ring change to an extent which is additive in the effects of gem and cis substituents. One‐bond coupling of ring carbons with fluorines is affected both by geminal and vicinal substituents, in a way generally related to their electronegativity. It is tentatively concluded that two‐bond coupling between ring carbons and ring‐attached fluorines depends in magnitude primarily on what groups are cis to the fluorine. Two‐bond coupling between a carbon atom in a ring‐attached methyl and the hydrogen gem to the methyl appears to be vanishingly small, but there is appreciable three‐bond coupling of the methyl carbons to vicinal hydrogens. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data for three polyhydroxylated 12‐ursen‐type triterpenoids from Dischidia esquirolii
Authors: Ma Xiaoxia , Yang Chongren , Zhang Yingjun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe complete assignments of all the 1H and 13C NMR signals of three polyhydroxylated 12‐ursen‐type triterpenes, 6β,19α,22α‐trihydroxyurs‐12‐en‐3‐oxo‐28‐oic acid (1), 3β,6α,19α,23‐tetrahydroxyurs‐12‐en‐28‐ oic acid (2) and 3β,6β,19α,23‐tetrahydroxyurs‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (3), were carried out by means of homo‐ and hetero‐nuclear two‐dimensional NMR experiments. Compounds 1–3 were isolated from the aerial parts of Dischidia esquirolii. Of them, 1 and 2 were identified as new polyhydroxylated ursolic acid derivatives. Compound 2 is the C‐6 hydroxyl epimer of 3, which was isolated first from Adina rubella, and its structure is revised in this paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive differential equations
Authors: Ohira Toru 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe propose and study a differential equation whose dynamics are governed by predictions of its future states. General formalism and concrete examples are presented. We find that the dynamical characteristics depend on both how to shape predictions as well as how far ahead in time to make them. This can be thought of one of examples of dynamical complexity caused by a temporal non‐locality. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Memory effects and ergodicity for diffusion in spatially correlated velocity fields
Authors: Suciu Nicolae , Sabelfeld Karl , Vamoş Călin , Andronache Constantin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe show that the process of diffusion in statistically homogeneous velocity fields with finite correlation range “remembers” the shape and the orientation of the source over hundreds of dimensionless times and behaves ergodically with respect to the one‐particle dispersion only asymptotically. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation and solution of stochastic systems with a component‐based software design
Authors: Krosche Martin , Hautefeuille Martin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOften uncertainties occur in the numerical simulation of real‐world problems. A useful method is stochastic modelling. In this context Monte Carlo (MC) methods and the stochastic Galerkin method are well known and frequently used. In the field of component‐based software systems a component can be seen as an independent software or as a part of a software system. A corresponding architecture allows clearness, flexibility and reusability. The Component Template Library (CTL) is a so called middleware to realise component‐based software systems, and fits to the requirements of scientific computing.In this paper we present the design of a software system for the stochastic simulation using MC and stochastic Galerkin methods based on the CTL. For each stochastic method a number of components are realised to allow parallel features. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large scale depletion of the high‐abundance proteins and analysis of middle‐ and low‐abundance proteins in human liver proteome by multidimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Gao Mingxia , Deng Chunhui , Yu Wenjia , Zhang Yang , Yang Pengyuan , Zhang Xiangmin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn unbiased method for large‐scale depletion of high‐abundance proteins and identification of middle‐ or low‐abundance proteins by multidimensional LC (MDLC) was demonstrated in this paper. At the protein level, the MDLC system, coupling the first dimensional strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography with the second dimensional RP‐HPLC, instead of immunoaffinity technology, was used to deplete high‐abundance proteins. Sixty‐two fractions from SCX were separated further by RPLC. UV absorption spectra were observed to differentiate high‐abundance proteins from middle‐ or low‐abundance proteins. After the depletion of high‐abundance proteins, middle‐ or low‐abundance proteins were enriched, digested, and separated by online 2D‐micro‐SCX/cRPLC. The eluted peptides were deposited on the MALDI target and detected by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS. This depletion strategy was applied to the proteome of the normal human liver (NHL) provided by the China Human Liver Proteome Project (CHLPP). In total, 58 high‐abundance proteins were depleted in one experiment. The strategy increases greatly the number of identified proteins and around 1213 proteins were identified, which was about 2.7 times as that of the nondepletion method.
Identification by 2‐D DIGE of apoplastic proteins regulated by oligogalacturonides in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Casasoli Manuela , Spadoni Sara , Lilley Kathryn S. , Cervone Felice , De Lorenzo Giulia , Mattei Benedetta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOligogalacturonides (OGs) are elicitors of plant defence responses released from the homogalacturonan of the plant cell wall during the attack by pathogenic micro‐organisms. The signalling pathway mediated by OGs remains poorly understood, and no proteins involved in their signal perception and transduction have yet been identified. In order to shed light into the molecular pathways regulated by OGs, a differential proteomic analysis has been carried out in Arabidopsis. Proteins from the apoplastic compartment were isolated and their expression compared between control and OG‐treated seedlings. 2‐D gels and difference in gel electrophoresis (DIGE) techniques were used to compare control and treated proteomes in the same gel. The analysis of subcellular proteomes from seedlings allowed the identification of novel and low abundance proteins that otherwise remain masked when total cellular extracts are investigated. The DIGE technique showed to be a powerful tool to overcome the high interexperiment variation of 2‐D gels. Differentially expressed apoplastic proteins were identified by MS and included proteins putatively involved in recognition as well as proteins whose PTMs are regulated by OGs. Our findings underscore the importance of cell wall as a source of molecules playing a role in the perception of pathogens and provide candidate proteins involved in the response to OGs.
Temporal variations of the postnatal rat urinary proteome as a reflection of systemic maturation
Authors: Lee Richard S. , Monigatti Flavio , Lutchman Mohini , Patterson Thomas , Budnik Bogdan , Steen Judith A. J. , Freeman Michael R. , Steen Hanno 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe rat kidney matures during the first 2 wk of life, suggesting that temporal variations in the urinary proteome may occur during this period. We describe the urine proteome during postnatal development in the rat and demonstrate specific proteomic changes corresponding to developmental milestones. Urine was collected from 30 rats at five postnatal (P) days of life (P1, P3, P7, P14, and >P30) by bladder aspiration. The proteome was assessed by nano‐ESI‐LC‐MS/MS. For identification, we used stringent criteria to provide a 1% false positive rate at the peptide level. The proteins in common at each time interval decreased during postnatal maturation. When comparing all five developmental times, six proteins were ubiquitously present. We detected 14 proteins involved with cellular adhesion, structure, or proliferation and differentiation only during neonatal development. Additionally, 30 proteins were specific to adults, of which 13 originated from the prostate or seminal vesicle. This is the first MS characterization of the normal urinary proteome in early postnatal rodent development that demonstrates distinct differences correlating with different stages of tissue maturation. Further characterization of the normal urinary proteome may provide the basis for identification of urinary biomarkers of diseases of the urinary tract.