bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined FSH and LH secreting pituitary adenoma in a young fertile woman without primary gonadal failure
Authors: Moses Nora , Goldberg Victoria , Gutman Raúl , Cácamo Darío 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. A 28 year old fertile woman presented with a history of amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea, and an enlarged pitutiary fossa. Serum FSH and LH were repeatedly elevated both basally (32 and 44 mIU/ml) and after LRH (peak values, 108 and 420 mIU/ml). One mg of oestradiol (E2) benzoate im daily for 5 days failed to lower basal or LRH-stimulated serum gonadotrophins. Serum E2 was 170 pg/ml, basal serum prolactin (Prl) was 30 ng/ml and responded briskly to TRH (peak value 103 ng/ml).
An 0.8 × 0.8 cm tumour was selectively excised by transsphenoidal surgery. Menses reappeared soon afterwards accompanied by normalization of serum FSH and LH plus biochemical evidence of ovulation.
Specific immunostaining of tumoural cells was achieved with either FSH or LH antiserum, and adequate suppression of staining was obtained after preabsorbing each antiserum with and excess of its respective antigen. Our patient appears to be the first documented female with a combined FSH and LH producing pituitary tumour and no prior evidence of primary gonadal failure.
Treatment of Turner's syndrome with methionyl human growth hormone for six months
Authors: Takano Kazue , Hizuka Naomi , Shizume Kazuo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Twenty patients with Turner's syndrome were treated with methionyl human growth hormone (met-hGH) produced by recombinant DNA technology. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) (mean ± sem) increased significantly from 0.52 ± 0.06 to 1.30 ± 0.09 mEq/l at 4 h after the first administration of 4 IU of met-hGH (P <0.001). Basal plasma somatomedin C (SM) levels were within the normal range; however, they increased significantly at 24 h after the first three daily injections of 4 IU of met-hGH (basal, 0.92 ± 0.14; 24 h, 1.39 ± 0.16; 48 h, 1.68 ± 0.19; 72 h, 1.91 ± 0.22 U/ml; P < 0.001). For long-term treatment, the patients were given 16 IU of met-hGH per week for 6 months. The height increase during treatment was greater in 16 patients, but smaller in 4 than before treatment. The heights increased between 1.4 and 3.7 cm during 6 months of treatment, which corresponds to between 2.8 and 7.4 cm/year. The mean increase of 5.7 ± 0.4 cm/year was greater than the pretreatment value of 3.7 ± 0.2 cm/year (P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between growth rate and maximum increase in SM (r = 0.51, P < 0.05). Antibody against hGH appeared in 3 patients after 2 months; 10 of the 20 patients had antibody after 6 months of treatment. However, the antibody did not suppress the growth effect of met-hGH. Otherwise there were no significant changes in physical, blood, or urine examinations.
These results indicate that hGH treatment is useful for the acceleration of growth velocity in patients with Turner's syndrome.
Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency: gender reassignment in early infancy
Authors: Gross David J. , Landau Hedi , Kohn Gertrude , Farkas Amicur , Elrayyes Eyas , El-Shawwa Raghda , Lasch Eli E. , Rösler Ariel 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) deficiency has a high prevalence within the Arab population of the Gaza strip and is characterised by marked virilization at puberty, leading in many cases to the spontaneous adoption of a male gender role. As a result of this, parents of 7 affected male infants (aged 1– 10 months) born with female phenotype requested early gender reassignment. Diagnosis was suspected in 5 on the basis of a positive family history, but confirmed in all cases by the finding of low to normal testosterone levels (30–184 ng/dl) with high Δ4-androstenedione levels (188–808 ng/dl), after hCG. Treatment with im testosterone oenanthate (25–50 mg/dose) was given in one to three 3-months courses and penile size was increased into the normal range without evoking a significant increase in height velocity or skeletal maturation. Five patients underwent the first stage of male genitoplasty between 2 and 3 years of age. This consisted of bilateral orchidopexy, chordee release and penile lengthening – yielding finally an anatomically normal-sized and shaped penis.
Androgen responsive male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-HSD deficiency or a similar defect and diagnosed in infancy should be treated as soon as possible with systemic testosterone before considering any sex change, and in preparation for male genitoplasty. Early gender reassignment according to genetic and gonadal sex is probably the management of choice for these cases since this may result in a normal adjustment to the male gender role, particularly after puberty.
The local administration of relaxin induces changes in the microcirculation of the rat mesocaecum
Authors: Bigazzi M. , Del Mese A. , Petrucci F. , Casali R. , Novelli G. P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The clinical improvement of Reynaud's disease during pregnancy has been attributed to the increased relaxin (RLX) level in blood. Therefore we investigated the effect of topical porcine RLX (NIH-RXN-Pl) on the microcirculation of the mesocaecum of Wistar male rats, under direct microscope observation as judged by two observers. The hormone was applied locally to avoid systemic interferences either alone or after norepinephrine (NE) and promethazine (PM). The drugs were coded and the results were recorded independently by two observers. Porcine RLX induced rapid dilatation of the veins of the rat mesocaecum in a dose-related manner. The arteriolas and capillary flows were unchanged, while the venular flow was progressively reduced. The observed effects were sustained and disappeared with tissue wash-out. The RLX effects were reversed by addition of NE; conversely high doses of RLX were able to oppose the NE and PM vasospasm.
We conclude that the local administration of RLX influences the microcirculation, possibly through an action on the smooth muscle of the venulae. The effects seems antagonistic with those of NE and PM.
Theophylline blunts the GH-response to growth hormone releasing hormone in normal subjects
Authors: Losa Marco , Huss Roland , König August , Müller O. Albrecht , von Werder Klaus 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Theophylline enhances GH-secretion in vitro, whereas in vivo a slight decrease of basal GH-levels has been observed. In the present study the effect of theophylline on the GH-responsiveness to acute and continuous administration of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) was investigated. The following protocol was performed.
GHRH study. Fifty μg GHRH was given as an iv bolus followed by constant GHRH-infusion (100 μg/h) over 2 h after which another GHRH bolus of 50 μg was given. GHRH plus theophylline study. GHRH was administered as in the first study and theophylline was infused at a constant rate of 3.56 mg/min over 3 h, starting one h before the GHRH bolus. Theophylline study. Only saline and theophylline were infused.
GHRH alone led to a GH-rise within 30 min with a maximum of 22.8 ± 7.2 ng/ml (mean ± se) after which GH-levels decreased despite continuous GHRH-infusion to a nadir of 12.1 ± 4.4 ng/ml at 105 min. The second GHRH bolus led to a minimal GH-increase (13.3 ± 6.4 ng/ml at 135 min). Theophylline administration resulted in blunting of the GH-response to GHRH in all volunteers, with GH levels fluctuating between 4–6 ng/ml throughout GHRH-administration. Theophylline alone did not affect GH-levels in three subjects studied, whereas in the other one a GH secretory episode 90 min after administration of the drug was observed. Prl showed a minimal increase only after the second GHRH bolus (from 254.2 ± 7.7 μU/ml to 317.3 ± 96.0 μU/ml in study 1, and from 139.3 ± 26.9 μU/ml to 193.0 ± 32.6 μU/ml in study 2), TSH-levels did not change during any of the test-procedures and GHRH-levels were comparable in both study 1 and 2. Free fatty acids (FFA) rose progressively after theophylline administration (from 0.68 ± 0.10 mEq/l to 1.06 ± 0.08 mEq/l in study 2, and from 0.64 ± 0.12 mEq/l to 1.09 ± 0.05 mEq/l in study 3), but also after GHRH alone (from 0.50 ± 0.05 mEq/l to 0.78 ±0.11 mEq/l). This shows that therapeutical doses of theophylline blunt the GH-response to GHRH in normal subjects. The mechanisms involved may be a competition for the adenosine receptor at the pituitary, or an indirect effect mediated by the rise of FFA levels.
Bromocriptine treatment of prolactin secreting macroadenomas: a radiological, ophthalmological and endocrinological study
Authors: van 't Verlaat Johanna W. , Croughs Ronald J. M. , Hendriks Martin J. , Bosma Nicolaas J. , Nortier Johan W. R. , Thijssen Joseph H. H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Twelve patients, six women and six men, with macroprolactinomas characterized by extrasellar extension and basal plasma prolactin levels >6 U/l were treated with 10–20 mg bromocriptine daily in four divided doses for a mean period of 2.4 years (range 0.5–3.5 years). The following observations were made:
Plasma prolactin levels fell dramatically in all patients and values in the low normal range were obtained in 10 patients. Tumour size was reduced by more than 75% in 11 patients and by 50–75% in one patient. Tumour-reduction was associated with the development of a partial empty sella in eight cases. In four cases the pituitary became visible. Diminished visual acuity (three patients), bitemporal hemianopia (three patients), unilateral or bilateral central scotomas (three patients) and oculomotor palsy (two patients) restored to normal. Hypogonadism (all patients), hypothyroidism (six patients) and hypocorticism (three patients) improved or normalized in most cases. It is concluded that in the medical treatment of macroprolactinomas 10–20 mg bromocriptine in four divided doses effectively reduces both plasma prolactin level and tumour size.
Autoreactive lymphocytes in thyroid disorders. Quantitation of anti-thyroglobulin antibody formation by a specific haemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assay
Authors: Petersen Jøgen , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Larsen Flemming , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kai 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from 21 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis were assayed for secretion of immunoglobulins in vitro by a reverse haemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. An anti-gen-specific assay was employed to quantify anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) secreting cells. The sensitivities of the two PFC assays were similar. The antigen specificity of the Tg-PFC assay was demonstrated by the ability of free Tg to inhibit PFC formation.
The number of spontaneous TgAb-secreting cells was low (median 3 IgG-Tg-PFC/106, range 0–35/106); TgAb activity was found in 3% (range 0–11%) of total IgG-PFC. The number of spontaneous IgG-TgAb-secreting cells correlated positively to TgAb titres in serum. MNC from most patients secreted IgG-TgAb upon polyclonal stimulation in vitro for six days with pokeweed mitogen (52 IgG-Tg-PFC/106, range 0–478/106); TgAb activity was found among 2% (range 0–8%) of total IgG-PFC. Again, pokeweed mitogen-induced TgAb secretion correlated positively to TgAb titres in serum. Finally, MNC from most patients secreted TgAb after culture with Tg. The Tg-induced response was about 1/3 of the pokeweed mitogen-induced TgAb response. Tg did not increase the production of total IgG indicating that Tg is not a polyclonal stimulus. Few TgAb-secreting MNC were discovered in euthyroid sex and age-matched control patients.
Cimetidine-induced prolactin release in rats The effect of sex and gonadal steroids
Authors: Watanobe Hajime , Takebe Kazuo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The cimetidine-induced plasma Prl response was examined in rats of both sexes. First, 10 week old intact adult males and females (dioestrous) were compared. There was no significant difference in the Prl response to cimetidine between the two groups, despite the fact that in adult females the anterior pituitary Prl content was 4 times greater than in males. Second, the effect of gonadal state in adult age on the Prl response to cimetidine was examined in both sexes. In male rats, gonadectomy at the age of 6 weeks significantly reduced the plasma Prl response as well as the pituitary Prl content, both of which were sufficiently restored by testosterone replacement. However, in females, neither gonadectomy at the age of 6 weeks nor subsequent oestradiol replacement affected the Prl response to cimetidine, despite the fact that gonadectomy significantly reduced and oestradiol treatment significantly enhanced the pituitary Prl content. Third, possible permanent effects of the postnatal gonadal milieu on the cimetidine-induced Prl response and the pituitary Prl content were examined in both sexes by castration at varying postnatal ages. The ratio of plasma Prl response to pituitary Prl content was similar in all castrated males. In females, however, the ratio decreased with increasing castration age.
In conclusion, the mechanism of cimetidine-induced Prl release is less sex-dependent than are the mechanisms of Prl release by other Prl secretagogues. First, this may be due to a minor role of oestrogen in females in determining the Prl response to cimetidine. Second, the postnatal ovarian secretions may exert a permanent inhibition of the development of the cimetidine-mobilized anterior pituitary Prl pool.
T-lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women with Graves' disease
Authors: Bizzarro A. , Fontana A. , De Bellis A. , Daponte A. , Iacono G. , Peluso G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. T-lymphocyte subpopulations, anti-thyroid microsomal antibody titres, and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels were investigated in 10 patients with Graves' disease before, during and after pregnancy. Twenty pregnant subjects and 100 normal age-matched, non-pregnant female volunteers served as controls.
Pregnant patients with Graves' disease showed decrease levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine, and decreased titres of anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies, with clinical remission during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Post partum, 9 patients showed clinical relapse, and all showed a return of enhanced levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies.
The percentage and absolute number of total T-lymphocytes (OKT3+) and OKT4+ cells significantly decreased during pregnancy in patients with Graves' disease and in normal women. Post partum, OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells returned to pre-pregnancy levels in both groups. In Graves patients and in controls, the percentage and absolute number of OKT8+ cells during pregnancy and post partum were not significantly different from pre-pregnancy levels. Lastly, the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio, which decreased in normal subjects at the three sampling times during pregnancy, decreased only in the last two trimesters of pregnancy in patients with Graves' disease.
Medroxy-progesterone acetate administration to ovariohysterectomized, oestradiol-primed beagle bitches Effect on secretion of growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol
Authors: Rutteman G. R. , Stolp R. , Rijnberk A. , Loeffler S. , Bakker J. A. , Bevers M. M. , Meulenberg P. M. M. , Eigenmann J. E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl) and cortisol secretion was studied in 5 ovariohysterectomized dogs before and after oestradiol implantation and medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) administration. MPA was given at regular intervals during a period of 10 months in a total of 12 injections.
Short-term effects of oestradiol were restricted to significantly enhanced Prl responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). MPA treatment after oestradiol implantation resulted in significanly elevated basal GH levels in all dogs, with a continuing increase in one dog. Only in the latter dog was a significant decrease in basal Prl levels seen. MPA administration did not significantly change Prl responses to TRH. The GH responses to clonidine were significantly reduced at 9 and 16 weeks of oestradiol and MPA treatment. In the one dog which exhibited the greatest rise in basal GH levels, GH responses were completely abolished at 9, 16 and 43 weeks of oestradiol and MPA treatment. TRH never evoked significant GH responses. Both basal and lysine-vasopressin (LVP)-stimulated cortisol levels were significantly suppressed during combined oestradiol-MPA treatment.
These findings denote that in the dog. 1) Oestradiol rapidly induces an enhanced Prl response to TRH. 2) The oestradiol-MPA induced GH overproduction is associated with a reduced responsiveness of GH to clonidine and is not accompanied by GH responsiveness to TRH. 3) Oestradiol-MPA treatment suppresses both basal and LVP-stimulated cortisol secretion.
Naloxone enhances the increase in plasma growth hormone induced by α2-adrenergic stimulation in healthy males
Authors: Bramnert Margareta , Hökfelt Bernt 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. There is evidence that the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine interacts with the opioid system. In the present investigations, the effect of naloxone on the increase in plasma GH induced by clonidine and the more specific α2-agonist guanfacine was studied in man. In a single-blind study, five healthy males received in randomized order either the preservatives in the naloxone preparation (control) or naloxone at two different doses (10 or 100 μg/kg) followed by an infusion of either diluted preservatives or naloxone (5 or 50 μg · kg−1 · h−1, respectively). Fifteen min after the bolus dose, clonidine (3 μg/kg) or guanfacine (15 μg/kg) was infused over 10 min in a single-blind order. Both clonidine and guanfacine induced an increase in plasma GH (P < 0.05), Pre-treatment with naloxone at the higher dosage resulted in an enhanced (P < 0.05) GH response to clonidine and guanfacine, respectively, whereas the lower dosage of naloxone was without effect. The increase in plasma GH did not correlate with basal mean arterial blood pressure, nor with the changes in mean arterial blood pressure induced by clonidine or guanfacine.
These results indicate that the increase in plasma GH induced by α2-adrenergic stimulation in normotensive subjects involves opioid receptors with moderate sensitivity to naloxone.
Osmoregulation of arginine-8-vasopressin secretion in primary hypothyroidism and in Addison's disease
Authors: Laczi F. , Janáky T. , Iványi T. , Julesz J. , László F. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The osmoregulation of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) was investigated in 14 patients with primary hypothyroidism and in 6 with Addison's disease. Plasma AVP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Patients with primary hypothyroidism were classified into subgroups with elevated (6.81 ± 1.12 pmol/l) or normal (3.92 ± 0.96 pmol/l) basal levels of plasma AVP. Following the infusion of 2.5% saline, a positive correlation was established between plasma AVP and plasma osmolality. A decreased osmotic threshold was found in hypothyroid patients with augmented basal AVP levels (pAVP = 0.37 (pOs-265), r = 0.71, P < 0.01) as compared with that in hypothyroid patients with a normal AVP level (pAVP = 0.42 (pOs-280), r = 0.93, P < 0.001). A relationship was demonstrated between the alteration in the AVP osmoregulation and the severity of the thyroid insufficiency. Patients with Addison's disease exhibited an increased basal level of plasma AVP (9.59 ± 1.25 pmol/l) and a decreased osmotic threshold (pAVP = 0.42 (pOs-261), r = 0.63, P < 0.01) contrasted to that of healthy volunteers (pAVP = 0.41 (pOs-280), r = 0.83, P < 0.001).
The osmoregulation disturbance of the AVP secretion may play a major role in the impaired water metabolism in primary hypothyroidism and in Addison's disease.
Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin in patients with prolactinoma
Authors: Allolio B. , Hoeppener A. , Leonhardt U. , Deuβ U. , Winkelmann W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. We investigated the chromatographic pattern of serum prolactin in 41 patients with prolactinoma and correlated the distribution of immunoreactive prolactin with the clinical variables sex, tumour size, age, and response to bromocriptine therapy. In addition, the effect of long-term storage and repeated freezing and thawing on the different molecular weight forms of prolactin was evaluated. Gel chromatography (column 100 cm × 1.5 cm) was performed in 0.1 mol/l phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, using Ultrogel ACA 54 (LKB).
No correlation of age or the response to drug therapy to the elution pattern of prolactin was found. Females showed a higher percentage of big prolactin than males (10.4 ± 1.2% vs 6.8 ± 0.7%, x̄ ± sem, P <0.05) and patients with microprolactinomas too had a higher percentage of big prolactin than those with macroprolactinomas (11.3 ± 1.8% vs 7.7 ± 0.7%, P <0.05).
Serum samples kept frozen for more than 2 years showed a higher percentage of bigbig prolactin (P < 0.01) than samples stored for less than 12 months suggesting formation in vitro. However, examination of fresh samples prior to freezing also demonstrated bigbig prolactin, indicating that bigbig prolactin circulates in vivo.
Repeated freezing and thawing of bigbig prolactin led to almost complete interconversion to little prolactin without any increase in immunoreactivity. This finding supports the concept that bigbig prolactin represents little prolactin loosely associated to a carrier molecule.
The effect of thyroxine, 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine and iodized oil on fetal brain development in the iodine-deficient sheep
Authors: Mano M. T. , Potter B.J. , Belling G. B. , Martin D. M. , Gragg B. G. , Chavadej J. , Hetzel B. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Studies have been carried out to investigate the role of maternal and fetal thyroid function in the effects of iodine deficiency on fetal brain development in sheep. Iodine deficiency was established with an especially prepared low-iodine diet of maize and pea pollard. The iodine-deficient sheep were mated and at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy (100 days gestation) were divided into groups which received either a sc injection of T4 or 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine or an im injection of iodized oil. At 140 days gestation (10 days prior to parturition) comparison of the fetuses delivered by hysterotomy revealed that the retarded fetal brain development observed in iodine deficiency was greatly improved by T4 and by iodized oil. However, T4 and iodized oil failed to correct the reduction in the number and the increase in the length of synaptic appositions which were observed in the fetal cerebral cortex after iodine deficiency. In addition, the histological appearance of the fetal thyroid gland and the levels of plasma thyroid hormones were restored to normal. The administration of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine had no effect on the retarded fetal brain and body development of the iodine-deficient fetuses. The lack of response may be due to the inability of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine to cross the ovine placenta as no reduction in the abnormally elevated fetal plasma TSH was observed in spite of a fall in maternal plasma TSH and apparent restoration of maternal thyroid function. It is concluded that the retarded fetal brain development observed during iodine deficiency in sheep can be substantially improved by iodized oil or to a lesser extent by T4 administration at 100 days gestation and that this is dependent on the restoration of both maternal and fetal thyroid function which supports previous observations from this laboratory following fetal and maternal thyroidectomy. The persistence of some effects of iodine deficiency on the fetal brain suggests that irreversible damage may have occurred.