bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dépendance-indépendance à l'égard du champ et pensée opératoire chez les filles et les garçons
Authors: Bajard G. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Field dependence-independence and operational thought in girls and boys.
A difference in level in operational development has never been observed between boys and girls even though the latter prove generally more field dependent. One may therefore wonder where the link lies between cognitive style and the operational theory of intelligence. 109 3rd graders (47 boys and 62 girls) of identical real age underwent the ECDL and GEFT Tests. Results show that greater success on the ECDL is, in boys, associated with field independence; in girls, however similar success is significantly less associated with the degree of dependence-independence. The paper suggests that the differential aspects of the functioning of natural thought (formalization and realization) could go as far as sex differentiation.
Key-words : operational thought, cognitive style.
Perspectives actuelles sur la psychogenèse du temps
Authors: Montangero Jacques 
Published: November 2007

Svmmary : Recent viewpoints on the development of the concept of time
The major researches done recently on the development of temporal reasoning are critically reviewed. The author develops, on this topic, his own conception based on the distinction of three subsystems of meanings. The characteristics of temporal concepts and reasoning in children 5-8 years of age are analysed in terms of the relations within each subsystem and the interrelation of the subsystems. Suggestions are put forward concerning the definition of the different levels of development in this domain. According to this definition, knowledge of time in young children appears to be quite different from later forms of knowledge. The relative influence of structural characteristics and subjects' schemes on the results is also discussed.
Key words : time, concepts, development.
Les activités collatérales en éthologie ergonomique
Authors: Delvolvé Nicole 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Collateral activities in ergonomic ethology.
Recent research aime dat understanding the consequences of work in humans highlights collateral activities.
In order to concentrate interest in this particular behavioural domain, we have provided a description of it in the animal world and in Man through a bibliographical inventory. We then concentrate on the different current theories, from a functional point of view. We examine the role of collateral activities in temporal regulation. Some authors believe they are part of a regulatory mechanism which alternates inhibition and release. Finally we consider the relation between the central activation system and collateral activities.
Key-words : bibliography, collateral activities, ethology, ergonomy.
L'hémisphère cérébral gauche est-il chez l'homme davantage dépendant du temps que le droit ?
Authors: Bruyer Raymond 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Is the left hemisphere of the human brain move time-dependent than the right ?
The particular relationship between the functioning of the left hemisphere (LH) and time is well known for two aspects : the suspected davantage of the LH over the right in tasks of perception of time and the importance of time in theoretical descriptions of LH specialization (the LH is described as analytical, serial, sequential, etc.). The present review emphasizes a third form of relationship. It is suggested that the LH needs time to develop an optimal efficiency of performance. Empirical arguments are found in three areas. First, on a microgenetic level, it appears that performance of the LH increases with stimulus exposure duration, even within the limits of the tachistoscopic durations used in neuropsychology (from about 10 to 250 ms). Second, there is reason to think that the efficiency of the LH increases from the beginning to the end of an experiment or experimental session. Finally, it seems that the LH is particularly able to process material for which the subject has been familiarized, over a long period of time.
Key words : left hemisphere, time.
Estimation et expression de la ressemblance et de la différence entre pairs
Authors: Codol Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Ayant indiqué les noms des deux camarades de leur classe qu'ils connaissaient le mieux, 170 garçons et filles de 17 à 22 ans devaient, d'une part, se comparer eux-mêmes à chacune de ces deux personnes, et d'autre part comparer ces personnes entre elles, à la fois du point de vue de leurs différences et de leurs ressemblances. Dans chaque cas, les comparaisons étaient effectuées : a) par une estimation globale du degré de similitude (note sur une échelle) ; et b) par l'expression libre, de la part des sujets, de « toutes les idées leur venant à l'esprit » concernant les ressemblances et les différences entre les personnes considérées.
Dans chaque situation, trois groupes expérimentaux étaient constitués selon le point de référence proposé pour la comparaison. Par exemple, dans les situations où les sujets avaient à effectuer une comparaison entre eux-mêmes et une personne P, la question pouvait être du type : « Qu'est-ce qui vous distingue de P ? » (l'autre personne P étant alors le point de référence de la comparaison) ; ou bien : « Qu'est-ce qui distingue P de vous- même ? » (le sujet étant alors lui-même le point de référence de la comparaison) ; ou bien encore : « Qu'est-ce qui vous distingue l'un de l'autre » ? (comparaison sans réfèrent spécifié).
Les résultats sont analysés quantitativement et qualitativement selon trois perspectives : la sensibilité relative des sujets à la différence et à la similitude interpersonnelle ; les effets de l'implication des sujets dans la situation et l'importance du point de référence de la comparaison.
Mots clés : Comparaison interpersonnelle, point de référence, identité personnelle, schème d'autocenlration.
Images mentales de transformations et opérations cognitives : une revue critique des études développementales
Authors: Lautrey Jacques , Chartier Daniel 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Mental imagery of transformations and cognitive operations : a critical review of developmental studies.
Developmental features of imaginal representations of kinetics and transformations are examined within the framework of piagetian theory and Information Processing. A critical overview of the basic assumptions, methodology and results of studies deriving from these two approaches suggests that their experimental paradigms may in fact elicit two distinct processing modes for transformational representation : an analogical mode, and a mode compatible with both propositional and piagetian models of representation. Discussion centers around the possible implications of this hypothesis for future research, in particular studies testing for interactions between these two processing modes over the course of development.
Key words : mental imagery, cognitive development, analogical representation.
Variations journalières de la sélection thématique au cours de la lecture
Authors: Querrioux-Coulombier Geneviève 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Time-of-day effects on thematic selection in reading.
The goal of this experiment is to study the evolution of the speed in thematic selection of propositions in reading a didactic text, according to the time of the day. The text is presented proposition by proposition and subjects have to select those that are related to a theme given before reading. Four hours are tested : 8.30, 11.30, 17.00 and 20.00. To control the really effected treatments, subjects have to answer a questionnaire, whithout being informed of this second task. The questionnaire is about the text microstructure (superficial processing) on the one hand, and about the text macrostructure and argumentation (deep processing beyond the order) on the other.
Results point out no effect of time of day in speed of selection but, for ihe same time, subjects perform deeper processing at 11.30 and a more superficial one at 17.00 that suggest that processing capacity is more important at 11.30 than at 17.00.
Key words : chronospychology, text comprehension, thematic selection, processing capacity.
Stratégie cognilive et persuasion
Authors: Alaphilippe Daniel 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Cognitive strategy and persuasion.
This study investigates the different ways of selecting information for a subject acting as confederate in an influence situation. Prior results showed that such a confederate accorded more importance to the answers of the person he was engaged to influence. The experience used a paradigm derived from Festinger and Carlsmith's forced compliance, wiih a real interaction between confederate and naive subjects.
The false information introduced by the operator through the confederates' answers influenced all the subjects, but in different ways. Firstly a normative effect is observed on the naive subjects' answers. In addition, the confederate subjects brought their private estimations near to these. In consequence they have been influenced back by their own bogus answers.
Key words : social influence, self-emprise, forced compliance, information gathering.
Brulex. Une base de données lexicales informatisée pour le français écrit et parlé
Authors: Content Alain , Mousty Philippe , Radeau Monique 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Brulex : A computerized lexical data base for the french language.
This paper presents a lexical database developed for experimental research in psycholinguistics. The Brulex system provides orthographic, phonological, grammatical and frequency information for approximately 36 000 French words. It also contains some other useful information to help in selecting experimental materials (uniqueness point, neighborhood count, phonological structure, mean bigram frequency).
Key words : experimental psycholinguistics, lexicon, word recognition.
Perception de contrastes phoniques d'une langue étrangère
Authors: Bacri N. , Coixao Luis 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
L'étude de la perception par des francophones de syllabes dérivées du portugais a permis de préciser les limites de l'assimilation entre allophones, supportée par la référence aux représentations phonémiques. L'identification de stimuli situés sur un continuum allant de /da/ à /ta/ et différant par leur délai d'établissement du voisement (DEV) est fonction des catégories phonémiques (Expérience 1). Toutefois, les différences entre stimuli de même dénomination sont mieux discriminées (Expérience 2) quand les DEV sont fréquemment attestés en français que lorsqu'ils ne le sont pas. Par ailleurs, les patterns de discrimination sont fonction du temps de traitement. Ces résultats suggèrent que le poids respectif des indices acoustiques et des représentations phonémiques dépend de la possibilité de faire ou non correspondre directement aux sons des formes prototypiques.
Mots clés : perception phonétiquejphonémique, perception d'une langue étrangère, identification de la parole, discrimination de la parole.
Evolution des catégories naturelles et résolution des épreuves d'inclusion entre 6 et 10 ans
Authors: Barrouillet Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Changes in prototype categories and performance on inclusion tasks in six to ten year olds.
This study compares the development of the logical notion of inclusion, and changes in prototype category structure as defined in Rosch's theory of Natural Categorization. A categorization task designed to test construction of the BIRD and FISH categories (basic level) and the superordinate categories FRUIT and CLOTHES, and inclusion tasks dealing with the same categories were administered to 108 children aged 6, 8, and 10. The findings show that irrespective of age, the development of class inclusion results in grealer category extension in children who have attained the empirical level of inclusion, followed by reduction in extension with success on the logical inclusion lasks. This effect was only observed for the basic level categories (BIRD and FISH). The hypothesis that each level of problem solving on the inclusion tasks (non-inclusion, empirical, logical) corresponds to a level of prototype category structure (overall resemblance, partial non-coordinated attribute overlap, coordinated attribute overlap, respeclively) is proposed.
Key-words : development, inclusion, categorization, prototype.
De l'appréhension des significations implicites : verbes factif s et contrefactifs
Authors: Sales-Wuillemin Edith 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Understanding implicit meanings : Factice and counter factive verbs.
Various distinctions between factice, counter factive, and non-factive verbs have been proposed, based on logical or linguistic criteria. Our hypothesis is that in sentences containing these types of verbs constructed with completive clauses, linguistic criteria are not the only ones taken into account by the subject who is to judge whether the statement is true or not. Other elements, like the source's competence, interfere are also taken into account. Two different sources have been considered : speaker and communicator.
We examined how subjects grasped presupposed information in sentences containing factice or counter factive verbs. These sentences were constructed varying the competence of speaker and communicator. Results show that it is the competence of the communicator which is the more important, beyond linguistic criteria.
Sens commun, psychologie cognitive et philosophie de la psychologie : croyances, matérialisme et externalisme
Authors: Jacob Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Common sense, cognitive psychology and the philosophy of psychology : Beliefs, materialism and externalism.
Concepts of propositional altitudes such as intentions, beliefs, desires, are common sense psychological concepts. According to some philosophers and psychologists, they are part of a folk or naive psychological theory. However, such concepts are also used in the scientific psychological study of deductive and inductive reasoning, cognitive dissonance and in "theories of mind". Beliefs and propositional attitudes have contents or intentional properties. And they are supposed to be causes of intentional actions or behavior. The philosophical problem dealt with in this paper arises front the tension between two views : on the one hand, it is plausible to assume that causation is a local process. On the other hand, most contemporary philosophers of mind accept an externalist view of content (or intentional properties) of beliefs such that intentional properties are not local properties of an individual's brain. The basic dilemma one faces is thus the following : either revise the assumption that intentional properties of beliefs are relevant to the causal explanation of intentional actions or behavior ; or revise the assumption that local properties of an individual's brain are relevant to the causal explanation of an individual's intentional actions.
Key-words : intentionality, functionalism, externalism, physicalism, causal explanation.
Le dessin d'une maison. Construction d'une échelle de développement
Authors: Barrouillet P. , Courtier J. , Chevrot C. 
Published: November 2007

Summary: The drawing of a house: Construction of a developmental scale.
The present study aims to construct a genetic developmental scale concerning the drawing of a house. Constructed on the basis of 396 drawings produced by 198 children, this scale makes use of a marking system similar to Goodenough's scale for the drawing of a man. In order to be sensitive to genetic influences, the scale takes into account only those details whose presence increases as a function of the age of the child (ignoring those which do not vary in frequency, and those which are extremely rare). An easy-to-use 21-point scale was constructed. The validity and accuracy of the marking scale were evaluated by comparing them with those of Goodenough's man drawings, using 227 subjects aged from 2;11 from 11 ;8 years, each producing three drawings of a man and three drawings of a house. Compared with the marking scale of the man drawing, the scale proposed here shows great genetic sensitivity. As with man-drawing, house-drawing evolues with age, and may constitute an index of the degree of cognitive development ofthe child.
Key words: development, drawing, Goodenough man-drawing test.
Effets de l'âge et du niveau d'étude sur différents sous-systèmes mnésiques
Authors: Desgranges Béatrice , Eustache Francis , Rioux Patrice 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Effects of age and educational level on memory subsystems.
A cross-sectional study of 60 healthy subjects ranging from 56 to 93 years old and divided into 2 educational levels indicated that both age and education influence explicit memory as measured by a set of tests : digit span, working memory, story recall, word recall, visual reproduction of geometrical figure and verbal fluency. However, neither age nor educational level significantly affected performance in 2 implicit word-stem completion tasks. For procedural memory, assessed by maze learning and mirror reading, the results were less clear-cut. Skill acquisition appears to be influenced by age (but not by educational level). This would be explained by an influence of explicit memory (greater for perceptuo-motor than for perceptuo-verbal skill), supported by multiple correspondence analyses and correlational analyses. On the other hand, statistical analyses suggest that skill retention is an implicit memory phenomenon, unaf- fected by age. These results are consistent with a multiple memory approach and strengthen the interest of modular concepts of memory in the study of normal aging.
Key words : Memory, age, educational level.
À la recherche du calepin visuo-spatial en mémoire de travail
Authors: Monnier Catherine , Roulin Jean-Marie 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Baddeley (1990), dans le cadre de son modèle de la mémoire de travail, définit le calepin visuo-spatial (VSSP) comme le sous-système mnésique responsable du maintien des informations visuo-spatiales ainsi que de la formation et de la manipulation des images mentales. Le présent article a pour objectif de répertorier et de critiquer les principales recherches qui se sont intéressées à l'étude de la mémoire à court terme visuo-spatiale. Nous présenterons en premier lieu les faits expérimentaux et neuropsychologiques tendant à prouver l'existence d'un calepin visuo-spatial indépendant et autonome. Puis nous aborderons les hypothèses concernant la structure et le fonctionnement du calepin visuo-spatial. Enfin, des aspects méthodologiques seront discutés. La conclusion sera l'occasion de souligner certaines contradictions rencontrées dans les recherches centrées sur l'étude du calepin visuo-spatial et de suggérer, comme ouverture, d'adopter une approche originale qui permettrait d'envisager une solution provisoire.
Mots-clés : mémoire de travail, calepin visuo-spatial, paradigme des tâches interférentes.
L'acquisition de la lecture en français : étude longitudinale de la première à la seconde année du primaire
Authors: Sprenger-Charolles Liliane 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner l'évolution des procédures de lecture chez des enfants francophones scolarisés en première et seconde année du primaire. Les sujets (N = 31) ont passé à trois reprises une épreuve de lecture de mots contrastés en fonction de la fréquence (mots fréquents vs mots rares) et de la régularité (mots réguliers simples, mots réguliers complexes contenant des digraphes et mots irréguliers). L'hypothèse centrale est que les enfants utilisent d'abord des procédures de lecture par médiation phonologique auxquelles vont se substituer progressivement, mais pas totalement, des procédures orthographiques. On escomptait donc, dans un premier temps, un effet de la régularité sans incidence de la fréquence, cette dernière ne devant interférer avec la régularité que dans les étapes ultérieures de l'acquisition. On attendait également une évolution en profondeur de la nature des unités de traitement utilisées : des unités de surface que sont les lettres aux unités plus profondes que sont les graphèmes. Les résultats ont, de fait, permis de voir que les procédures de lecture par médiation phonolcmque occupent une place importante, les meilleures performances se rencontrait toujours sur les mots réguliers. Ils ont également permis de relever une tendance développementale intéressante pour l'effet de la complexité : contrairement aux hypothèses, cet effet, qui s'atténue entre les sessions, est toujours au profit des mots complexes. Enfin, ils ont permis de constater un effet inattendu de la fréquence qui se manifeste de façon constante mais sans interagir avec la régularité. Ces résultats sont analysés en relation avec ceux obtenus dans un précédent volet de cette étude longitudinale.
Mots-clés : acquisition de la lecture, médiation phonologique, procédures orthographiques, traitement des digraphes.
L'abstraction d'une représentation centrale chez des bébés de 3 mois
Authors: Poirier Christine 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Abstraction of central representation in three-month-old infants
This research investigates the procedures by which three-month-old infants form categories. We propose that infants extract a central representation of different stimuli belonging to the same category. They can thus compare this representation with all new stimuli. Three experiments were performed using series of rectangles that varied in their length (25 % ). Their width was also varied to keep area constant. The average rectangle would be the central representation. An infant-controlled habituation and novelty-reaction paradigm was used. For the test, infants were shown, depending on the experiment, the average rectangle vs a square, the average rectangle vs a new rectangle, or the average rectangle vs a familiar rectangle. Although global results support our hypothesis, some order effects occurred, in the first two experiments, the results were stronger when the average rectangle was presented first. This tended to reinforce the privileged status of the average prototype. These results suggest that central representation abstraction is one of the processes playing a role in three-month-old infants' formation of categories.
Key words : categorization, infant, perceptual organization.
De la mesure de la sensibilité temporelle aux modèles d'organisation temporelle : hypothèses et données sur l'acquisition des capacités temporelles auditives
Authors: Drake Carolyn , Baruch C. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Les idées et les données expérimentales de Paul Fraisse sur la perception du temps ont considérablement influencé les recherches actuelles sur la cognition auditive. Nous illustrons comment le modèle de l'attention dynamique de Jones et Boltz (1989) les ont intégrées, en testant deux prédictions sur l'acquisition des compétences temporelles : 1/ les jeunes enfants et les bébés se focalisent spontanément sur des événements se produisant à une cadence plus rapide que les enfants plus âgés ou les adultes; 2/ les enfants plus âgés deviennent progressivement capables de focaliser leur attention sur des événements se produisant à des cadences plus éloignées de leur niveau de focalisation spontané.
Mots-clés: sensibilité temporelle, organisation temporelle auditive, développement.