bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase of static electrification in an aged oil‐immersed transformer
Authors: Kobayashi Takayuki , Yajima Kouji , Yamada Shin , Amimoto Tsuyoshi , Hosokawa Noboru 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIncrease of static electrification activity and discharge generation was experienced during the service operation of an aged power transformer. The transformer oil had high sulfide and sulfoxide contents and was liable to show high ECT value after aging. However, there was no apparent increase in standard ECT (electrostatic charging tendency) measurement of the insulating oil and, therefore, deterioration of pressboard was suspected as the cause of the increase. The ECT tests with aged oil and pressboard sampled from the aged transformer were insufficient to demonstrate the increase in static electrification for the aged transformer. On the other hand, the results suggested a possibility that increase in static electrification can be caused by adsorption of some deterioration compound in the aged oil to the pressboard. In order to make more effective evaluation to the transformer insulation, potential measurement on the pressboard in the oil duct was carried out. The experimental results demonstrated strong increase of the accumulated charge by the aged pressboard, which suggested effectiveness of potential measurement for the assessment of static electrification in transformers. The device of potential measurement for practical use was designed by reducing the necessary amount of oil sampling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(3): 10–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20789
Novel Gallium Complexes with Malonic Diester Anions as Molecular Precursors for the MOCVD of Ga2O3 Thin Films
Authors: Hellwig Malte , Xu Ke , Barreca Davide , Gasparotto Alberto , Winter Manuela , Tondello Eugenio , Fischer Roland A. , Devi Anjana 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFive different homoleptic gallium complexes with malonic diester anions [Ga(ROCOCHOCOR)3] [R = Me (1), Et (2), iPr (3), tBu (4) and SiMe3 (5)] have been synthesised and characterised by 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, electron ionisation mass spectrometry (EI‐MS), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal properties of the obtained compounds were evaluated by thermogravimetric studies to assess their suitability as precursors for the metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) of Ga2O3 thin films. MOCVD of Ga2O3 thin films was carried out starting from compound 2 in light of the promising features of this precursor. The as‐deposited layers are amorphous and can be transformed into the monoclinic β‐Ga2O3 phase upon annealing at 1000 °C ex situ. The film morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its composition was investigated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Almost stoichiometric Ga2O3 thin films with low levels of carbon incorporation were obtained.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Pseudoanguillosporin A and B: Two New Isochromans Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus Pseudoanguillospora sp.
Authors: Kock Ines , Draeger Siegfried , Schulz Barbara , Elsässer Brigitta , Kurtán Tibor , Kenéz Ágnes , Antus Sándor , Pescitelli Gennaro , Salvadori Piero , Speakman John‐Bryan , Rheinheimer Joachim , Krohn Karsten 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo new isochromans named pseudoanguillosporin A (2a) and B (3), together with the known cephalochromin (1), were isolated from Pseudoanguillospora sp. The C‐2 absolute configuration of 2a and 3 was deduced from its CD spectrum by the isochroman helicity rule, supported by TDDFT CD calculations. The absolute configuration of the sec‐hydroxyl group of 3 was determined by the Mosher NMR method from the MPA esters of its methylated derivative. The axial chirality of 1 was assigned through exciton analysis of its CD spectrum and confirmed by ZINDO CD calculations. The metabolites showed broad antimicrobial activities.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Benchmark and Solvent‐Free Preparation of Sulfonium Salt Based Electrophilic Trifluoromethylating Reagents
Authors: Macé Yohan , Raymondeau Benoit , Pradet Charlotte , Blazejewski Jean‐Claude , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHere we describe work devoted to the one‐pot preparation of electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents. The first part describes a reappraisal of our earlier experimental conditions and leads to an improved protocol that avoids the use of solvent and allows better yields. The second part carefully studies the behavior of biaryl substrates, whose structures can drive the reaction through the formation of original noncyclic or tricyclic dibenzothiophenium salts. New compounds were tested, in a standard reaction with aniline, for their trifluoromethylating power and revealed equivalent or improved reactivity relative to that of existing reagents. Furthermore, contrary to common knowledge, the presence of electron‐donating methyl groups gave reagents with very high activity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Dynamic Diels–Alder Reactions of 9,10‐Dimethylanthracene: Reversible Adduct Formation, Dynamic Exchange Processes and Thermal Fluorescence Modulation
Authors: Reutenauer Philippe , Boul Peter J. , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStudies of the Diels–Alder reactions between 9,10‐dimethylanthracene and cyano‐functionalized dienophiles led to the identification and characterization of new dynamic systems under ambient conditions. Among these dienophiles were tricyanoethynylethylene derivatives, which gave access to reversible thermal switching of fluorescent properties through binding to and release of the dimethylanthracene partner. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Numerical collapse simulation of large‐scale structural systems using an optimization‐based algorithm
Authors: Sivaselvan Mettupalayam V. , Lavan Oren , Dargush Gary F. , Kurino Haruhiko , Hyodo Yo , Fukuda Ryusuke , Sato Kiochi , Apostolakis Georgios , Reinhorn Andrei M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new algorithm for nonlinear dynamic simulation of structures is presented. The algorithm is based on a mixed Lagrangian approach described by Sivaselvan and Reinhorn (J. Eng. Mech. (ASCE) 2006; 132(8):795–805). The algorithm developed in this paper is for the simulation of large‐scale structural systems. The algorithm is applicable to a wide class of structural systems whose constituent material or component behavior can be derived from a stored energy function and a dissipation potential. The algorithm is based on the fact that for such systems, when using a certain class of time‐discretization schemes to numerically compute the system response, the incremental problem of computing the system state at the next sample time knowing the current state and the input is one of convex minimization. As a result, the algorithm possesses excellent convergence characteristics. It is also applicable to geometric nonlinear problems. The implementation of the algorithm is described, and its applicability to the collapse analysis of large‐scale structures is demonstrated through numerical examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waiting times and socioeconomic status among elderly Europeans: evidence from SHARE
Authors: Siciliani Luigi , Verzulli Rossella 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWaiting times for specialist consultation and non‐emergency surgery are often considered an equitable rationing mechanism in the public healthcare sector, because access to care is not based on socioeconomic status. This study tests empirically this claim using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The sample includes nine European countries: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. For specialist consultation, we find that individuals with high education experience a reduction in waiting times of 68% in Spain, 67% in Italy and 34% in France (compared with individuals with low education). Individuals with intermediate education report a waiting‐time reduction of 74% in Greece (compared with individuals with low education). There is also evidence of a negative and significant association between education and waiting times for non‐emergency surgery in Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden. High education reduces waits by 66, 32 and 48%, respectively. We also find income effects, although generally modest. An increase in income of 10 000 Euro reduces waiting times for specialist consultation by 8% in Germany and waiting times for non‐emergency surgery by 26% in Greece. Surprisingly, an increase in income of 10 000 Euro increases waits by 11% in Sweden. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathways of runoff and sediment transfer in small agricultural catchments
Authors: Deasy C. , Brazier R. E. , Heathwaite A. L. , Hodgkinson R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSimultaneous field monitoring of runoff and suspended sediment loads from a 30 ha, artificially‐drained, mixed‐agricultural catchment in Herefordshire, UK indicates field drains are the dominant pathway for the transfer of runoff and sediment to the stream. Surface runoff pathways draining 6·2% of the catchment area transported around 1% of the catchment sediment load, while subsurface runoff in field drains draining 26·5% of the catchment transported around 24% of the sediment load. The explanations offered here for the dominance of drainflow—the spatial limitation of surface runoff generation and low hillslope‐stream connectivity of surface runoff compared with subsurface runoff—are also likely to apply to other artificially‐drained lowland agricultural catchments in the UK. These catchments are usually on poorly‐drained soils, and land management can have a considerable effect on the operation of runoff pathways and the transfer of sediment from hillslope to stream. As a result, subsurface inputs may also dominate sediment transfers in other underdrained catchments. The focus on sediment and pollutant losses via surface runoff pathways means that pollution inputs from subsurface, preferential pathways have been unfairly neglected, and it may be more important to focus on subsurface sediment and sediment‐associated pollution inputs for mitigation rather than inputs from surface pathways. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism may affect the clinical stage of patients with lung cancer by modulating the transcriptional profile of normal lung
Authors: Falvella Felicia S. , Frullanti Elisa , Galvan Antonella , Spinola Monica , Noci Sara , De Cecco Loris , Nosotti Mario , Santambrogio Luigi , Incarbone Matteo , Alloisio Marco , Calabrò Elisa , Pastorino Ugo , Skaug Vidar , Haugen Aage , Taioli Emanuela , Dragani Tommaso A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe association of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) Gly388Arg polymorphism with clinical stage and overall survival in a series of 541 Italian lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) patients indicated a significantly decreased survival in patients carrying the rare Arg388 allele as compared to that in Gly/Gly homozygous patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.9], with the decrease related to the association of the same polymorphism with clinical stage (HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.6). By contrast, no significant association was detected in small series of either Norwegian lung ADCA patients or Italian lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of known FGFR4 ligands expressed in lung (FGF9, FGF18 and FGF19) were not associated with clinical stage or survival and showed no interaction with FGFR4. Analysis of gene expression profile in normal lungs according to FGFR4 genotype indicated a specific transcript pattern associated with the allele carrier status, suggesting a functional role for the FGFR4 polymorphism already detectable in normal lung. These findings confirm the significant association of the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism with clinical stage and overall survival in an Italian lung ADCA population and demonstrate a FGFR4 genotype‐dependent transcriptional profile present in normal lung tissue. © 2009 UICC
Correlation among pathology, genetic and epigenetic profiles, and clinical outcome in oligodendroglial tumors
Authors: Kuo Lu‐Ting , Kuo Kuang‐Ting , Lee Ming‐Jang , Wei Chih‐Chun , Scaravilli Francesco , Tsai Jui‐Chang , Tseng Ham‐Min , Kuo Meng‐Fai , Tu Yong‐Kwang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRecent studies have revealed a correlation between specific genetic changes, such as loss of chromosome 1p and 19q, and sensitivity of oligodendroglial neoplasm to radiotherapy and chemotherapy; epigenetic changes also play an important role in some tumors. In this retrospective study, we analyzed chromosomal alterations in 17 loci and promoter methylation status of 8 tumor‐related genes in 49 oligodendroglial tumors (29 WHO grade II and 11 WHO grade III oligodendrogliomas; 7 WHO grade II and 2 WHO grade III oligoastrocytomas) using quantitative microsatellite analysis and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction and correlated this information with clinical data. We also performed immunohistochemical stains for Ki‐67 and O (6)‐methyl guanine‐DNA methyl transferase. Our results showed that the frequency of deletions in regions on 1p, 9p, 10q, 17p and 19q were 71.4%, 26.5%, 6.1%, 69.4% and 89.8%, respectively. Promoter methylation was detected in p14, p15, p16, p53, p73, PTEN, MGMT and RASSF1A genes in 24.5%, 6.1%, 46.9%, 0%, 6.1%, 42.9%, 53.1% and 77.6% of tumors, respectively. Statistical analysis identified that 9p22 loss, p73 methylation and p15 methylation were independently associated with reduced overall survival, and Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) ≥ 5%, 9p22 loss, no loss of 19q, p73 methylation, p14 methylation and unmethylated MGMT predicted shorter progression‐free survival. Our findings suggest that the frequent deletion and hypermethylation of tumor‐related genes may represent a mechanism of tumor development and progression and emphasize the importance of defining new molecular markers for predicting prognosis, tumor recurrence and therapeutic response in cancer management. © 2009 UICC
Reduction of Akt2 inhibits migration and invasion of glioma cells
Authors: Zhang Baogang , Gu Feng , She Chunhua , Guo Hua , Li Wenliang , Niu Ruifang , Fu Li , Zhang Ning , Ma Yongjie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMalignant gliomas have a tendency to invade diffusely into surrounding healthy brain tissues, thereby precluding their successful surgical removal. The serine/threonine kinase Akt2 is well known as an important regulator of cell survival and growth. In this study, we show that siRNA‐mediated depletion of Akt2 inhibited migration and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, we demonstrate the mechanisms by which Akt2 functions to promote cell migration and invasion. Phosphorylation of cofilin, a critical step of actin polymerization, and phosphorylation of Girdin, essential for the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration, were impaired. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor‐induced ACAP1 phosphorylation and integrin β1 phosphorylation were also blocked, consistent with defects in adhesion. Thus, Akt2 regulates both cell adhesion and cytoskeleton rearrangement during migration. Decreased MMP‐9 expression in Akt2 knocked‐down glioma cells was subsequently confirmed by Western blotting, consistent with the decreased invasion in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that Akt2 contributes to glioma cells migration and invasion by regulating the formation of cytoskeleton, influencing adhesion and increasing expression of MMP‐9. Our immunohistochemistry results by using human gliomas tissue sections also indicated that Akt2 expression was closely related with the malignancy of gliomas. This is coincident with our in vivo and in vitro results from cell lines. All of these results indicate that Akt2 is a critical factor in gliomas invasion. This study identifies that Akt2 is a potentially antiinvasion target for therapeutic intervention in gliomas. © 2009 UICC
p16INK4a expression in cytology of ascites and response to chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Goto Tomoko , Takano Masashi , Hirata Junko , Kohno Toshiyuki , Ohtsuka Shigenori , Fujiwara Keiichi , Tsuda Hitoshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate p16INK4a expression by immunocytochemistry for ascites in advanced ovarian cancer and explore the possibility to predict chemotherapeutic response and prognosis. The immunocytochemical study was performed on cytology of ascites obtained from 37 Stage III or Stage IV ovarian cancer patients with measurable disease before platinum/taxane‐based first‐line chemotherapy following primary cytoreductive surgery or as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty‐one of 21 (100%) responders and 6 of 16 (44%) nonresponders showed p16INK4a immunopositivity (p < 0.001). Immunopositivity was frequently observed in serous adenocarciomas (17 of 18, 94%). Overall survival was significantly better in immunopositive cases compared with immunonegative cases (p = 0.0006). For subcellular localization, cytoplasm was diffusely positive in immunopositive cases (n = 27), 12 of which showed stronger nuclear immunostaining and demonstrated superior overall survival. In vitro expression of p16INK4a protein was also examined for both parent chemosensitive and acquired chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Chemosensitive KF28 parent cells showed stronger nuclear staining compared with chemoresistant KFr13Tx cells showing stronger cytoplasmic staining by immunocytochemistry, which were also confirmed by western blotting. Our data suggest that p16INK4a expression in cytology of ascites is a candidate marker in prediction of the primary response to chemotherapy and prognosis. © 2009 UICC
Pml and TAp73 interacting at nuclear body mediate imatinib‐induced p53‐independent apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Liu Jin‐Hwang , Liu Chin‐Cheng , Yen Chueh‐Chuan , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Wang Wei‐Shu , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBcr‐abl signals for leukemogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and activates ras. Since the function of promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) is provoked by ras to promote apoptosis and senescence in untransformed cells, the function is probably masked in CML. Imatinib specifically inhibits bcr‐abl and induces apoptosis of CML cells. As reported previously, p53wild CML was more resistant to imatinib than that lacking p53. Here, we searched for an imatinib‐induced p53 independent proapoptotic mechanism. We found imatinib up‐regulated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2) and transactivation‐competent (TA) p73; expression of pml and bax; formation of PML‐nuclear body (NB); and co‐localization of TAp73/PML‐NB in p53‐nonfunctioning K562 and p53mutant Meg‐01 CML cells, but not in BCR‐ABL‐ HL60 cells. In K562 cells, with short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), knockdown of pml led to dephosphorylation of TAp73. Knockdown of either pml or TAp73 abolished the imatinib‐induced apoptosis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 led to dephosphorylation of TAp73, abolishment of TAp73/PML‐NB co‐localization, and the subsequent apoptosis. Conversely, interferon α‐2a (IFNα), which increased phosphrylated TAp73 and TAp73/PML‐NB co‐localization, increased additively apoptosis with imatinib. The imatinib‐induced TAp73/PML‐NB co‐localization was accompanied by co‐immpunoprecipitation of TAp73 with pml. The imatinib‐induced co‐localization was also found in primary CML cells from 3 of 6 patients, including 2 with p53mutant and one with p53wild. A novel p53‐independent proapoptotic mechanism using p38 MAPK /pml/TAp73 axis with a step processing at PML‐NB and probably with chk2 and bax being involved is hereby evident in some imatinib‐treated CML cells. © 2009 UICC
Enhancement of immunogenicity of a therapeutic cervical cancer DNA‐based vaccine by co‐application of sequence‐optimized genetic adjuvants
Authors: Öhlschläger Peter , Quetting Michael , Alvarez Gerardo , Dürst Matthias , Gissmann Lutz , Kaufmann Andreas M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTreatment of patients with cervical cancer by conventional methods (mainly surgery, but also radiotherapy and chemotherapy) results in a significant loss in quality of life. A therapeutic DNA vaccine directed to tumor‐specific antigens of the human papilloma virus (HPV) could be an attractive treatment option. We have developed a nontransforming HPV‐16 E7‐based DNA vaccine containing all putative T cell epitopes (HPV‐16 E7SH). DNA vaccines, however, are less immunogenic than protein‐ or peptide‐based vaccines in larger animals and humans. In this study, we have investigated an adjuvant gene support of the HPV‐16 E7SH therapeutic cervical cancer vaccine. DNA encoded cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐12, GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ) and the chemokine MIP1‐α were co‐applied either simultaneously or at different time points pre‐ or post‐E7SH vaccination. In addition, sequence‐optimized adjuvant genes were compared to wild type genes. Three combinations investigated lead to an enhanced IFN‐γ response of the induced T cells in mice. Interestingly, IFN‐γ secretion of splenocytes did not strictly correlate with tumor response in tumor regression experiments. Gene‐encoded MIP‐1α applied 5 days prior to E7SH‐immunization combined with IFN‐γ or IL‐12 (3 days) or IL‐2 (5 days) postimmunization lead to a significantly enhanced tumor response that was clearly associated with granzyme B secretion and target cells lysis. Our results suggest that a conditioning application and combination with adjuvant genes may be a promising strategy to enhance synergistically immune responses by DNA immunization for the treatment of cervical cancer. © 2009 UICC
Accelerating molecular dynamic simulation on graphics processing units
Authors: Friedrichs Mark S. , Eastman Peter , Vaidyanathan Vishal , Houston Mike , Legrand Scott , Beberg Adam L. , Ensign Daniel L. , Bruns Christopher M. , Pande Vijay S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe describe a complete implementation of all‐atom protein molecular dynamics running entirely on a graphics processing unit (GPU), including all standard force field terms, integration, constraints, and implicit solvent. We discuss the design of our algorithms and important optimizations needed to fully take advantage of a GPU. We evaluate its performance, and show that it can be more than 700 times faster than a conventional implementation running on a single CPU core. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009