bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goserelin versus leuprolide before hysterectomy for uterine fibroids
Authors: Lim Soo Soo , Sockalingam Jayanthi K. , Tan Peng Chiong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare goserelin and leuprolide given before hysterectomy for symptomatic large fibroid uteri.MethodsA randomized study of 66 premenopausal women with fibroid uteri at least 14 weeks of gestation in a gravid uterus. Women were randomized to receive either subcutaneous depot 3.6 mg goserelin or 3.75 mg leuprolide every 4 weeks for a total of 3 doses. Hysterectomy was performed within 1 month of the last dose.ResultsA total of 34 women randomized to the goserelin group and 31 women to the leuprolide group were available for analysis. Preoperative hemoglobin level (P = 0.89), operative blood loss (P = 0.72), and operating time (P = 0.39) were not different between the 2 groups. Postoperative hemoglobin was higher in the leuprolide group (P = 0.003), but blood transfusion requirement was not different between the groups (P = 1.0). Other outcomes and side effects of the drugs were similar.ConclusionsGoserelin and leuprolide administered before hysterectomy for uterine fibroids have similar perioperative outcomes.
Density- and distance-dependent seedling survival in a ballistically dispersed subtropical tree speciesPhilenoptera sutherlandii
Authors: Boudreau S. , Lawes M. J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract:We examine the density- and distance-dependent seedling survival ofPhilenoptera sutherlandii, a common pod-bearing and dehiscent legume (Fabaceae) in Ongoye Forest, South Africa. Short-range ballistic dispersal causes seed to fall beneath the parent tree, where density- or distance-dependent mortality effects are expected to be concentrated. One hundred and eighty marked seedlings were monitored in a 0.5-ha plot containing 30 adults. Our survival data do not support the escape hypothesis. Predation levels declined with increasing seedling density (positive density-dependent survival), but seedling survival after 15 mo was not distance-dependent. Nevertheless, a unimodal (hump-shaped) recruitment curve, typically associated with decreasing seedling density and increasing seedling survival with distance, was observed. In the context of ballistic dispersal, this recruitment curve may indicate a hump-shaped dispersal kernel with predator satiation at high seedling densities near a parent tree. This recruitment curve likely arises because generalized insect seedling predators while attracted to the adult trees also tend to forage farther away. Short dispersal distances, in turn generate the high densities needed to satiate seed and seedling predators. Predator satiation results in long-term survival rates inP. sutherlandiisimilar to more widely dispersed and less common tree species.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND METAL CATALYSIS: STUDIES ON A FLAVIN SENSITIZED: OXIDATION OF ASCORBATE*
Authors: Homann Peter , Gaffron Hans 
Published: January 2008

Summary This paper constitutes a study of the interaction between ascorbate, diketogulonate, manganous ion, oxygen and illuminated flavins (or other sensitizers). When ascorbate is chosen as the substrate, the resulting photoxidation assumes a peculiar two‐step course. This happens because traces of ascorbate inhibit the photoxidation of diketogulonate and oxygen retards the photoxidation of small amounts of ascorbate. Sensitized photo‐reactions which are inhibited by high concentrations of oxygen are affected by the addition of various organic compounds. Of these, the herbicides 3‐(p‐clilorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (CMU) and 3‐(3, 4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU) interfere nearly exclusively with flavin sensitized photoreactions, while other inhibiting compounds tested, such as tryptophane and tyrosine, do not display a similar selectivity for only one dye. A second even more rigid specificity concerns the role of manganous ions. Diketogulonate is oxidized through the action of light excited flavin or of traces of alkali in the dark only when Mn++ is available. No other metal tested had this ability.The response of flavin sensitized photoreactions to the addition of CMU or DCMU varies with the substrate being oxidized. With ascorbate and 2, 3‐diketogulonate as substrates in the presence of manganous ions, CMU reverses the inhibition by oxygen, but with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or triethylene tetramine (TETA) as substrates CMU acts as an inhibitor itself. With one exception all effects of CMU on flavin sensitized reactions, be they anaerobic bleaching or aerobic oxidations, were inhibitory. The one exception, the apparent promotion of manganese catalyzed photoxidations, may come about through the inhibition of competing reactions such as the quenching of light‐excited dyes by oxygen. At the same time it IS noteworthy that the manganese dependent photoxidation is refractory against CMU as inhibitor.The conclusion is inescapable that herbicides like CMU form stable charge transfer complexes with excited flavin molecules. But simple complex formation is not sufficient to explain all of our findings on the basis of the two most frequently proposed reaction mechanisms for sensitized light reactions. We have had to modify them to make them fit the experiments here summarized.
QUELQUES OBSERVATIONS SUR LE DÈVELOPPEMENT DES CULTURES IN VITRO DE MOELLE DE TABAC EN PRÉSENCE D'AUXINE ET DE KINÉTINE, EN ÉCLAIRE‐MENT RELATIVEMENT MONOCHROMATlQUE
Authors: Beauchesne G. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— In a previous publication we have presented some results on tobacco pith tissue cultures grown in relatively monochromatic light (around 4350,5250, 6600 and 8000 Å).This paper points out specially that cultures subjected to a continuous blue light period of 12 days only, followed by a darkness period of 29 days, grew no more than cultures exposed to the same radiations during the 41‐day period of the experiment.The growth was only 67 per cent of that of tissues grown in the darkness.The morphologic and histologic observations showed the same differences between the cultures grown in blue light conditions and the cultures grown in the other light conditions, as also reported elsewhere.Observation of bud developement on stem segment cultures in vitro of willow, grown under these relatively monochromatic light conditions, together with these histologic studies, leads us to believe in a possible gibberelline action in blue light.
IMPORTANCE OF REORGANIZATION AND CORRELATION EFFECTS ON GOING TO EXCITED STATES*
Authors: GOODMAN LIONEL 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The results of two calculations on rearrangement of sigma and pi electrons and correlation energy changes as a result of electronic promotion are discussed. The conclusions are that reorganization of sigma and pi electrons and correlation effects resulting from electronic excitation which engenders significant charge distribution changes (e.g. electron loss or capture, n→π* promotions, charge transfer transitions) have important energetic consequences and should receive close attention from photochemists and photobiologists.RESUMENSe discuten los resultados obtenidos al calcular las reacomodaciones que sufren los electrones sigma y pi, y los cambios de energía producidos como resultado de las promociones electrónicas. Las conclusiones son; que la reorganización de los electrones sigma y pi, y los efectos de correlación que resultan de la excitación electrónica que produce cambios significativos en la distribución de carga (ejem.: captura o pérdida del electrón, promociones n –π*, transiciones con transferencia de carga) tiene consecuencias energéticas importantes, que deberían recibir una marcada atención por parte de fotoquímicos y fotobíologos.
THE BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF U.V.‐INDUCED DNA‐PROTEIN CROSS‐LINKING IN VIVO AND ITS PROBABLE CHEMICAL MECHANISM*
Authors: SMITH KENDRIC C. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The increased sensitivity of Escherichia coli to killing by u.v. while frozen and the changes in sensitivity as a function of temperature during irradiation have been correlated with the increased production of DN A‐protein cross‐links and have been shown not to be related to thymine dimer production. These results provide yet another example where thymine dimers make little contribution to the u.v. inactivation of a biological system (but does not detract from the biological importance of thymine dimers in other systems). We have reported that uracil and cysteine can combine to form 5‐S‐cysteine, 6‐hydrouracil when a solution of these two compounds is irradiated with u.v. (2357 Å). This led us to offer this compound as a model for the mechanism by which DNA and protein are cross–linked in vivo. We have now extended our studies to the kinetics of the photochemical addition of 35S‐cysteine to various polynucleotides and to DNA. Selected rate constants for cysteine addition (μM cysteine/μM nucleotide involved /erg/mm2× 108) are as follows:
image
The rate constants for native and heat‐denaturated DNA can be accounted for by the summation of the rate constants for the appropriate polynucleotides. The addition of cysteine to RNA shows a biphasic response probably related to the amount of single‐stranded regions present. Preliminary results indicate that tyrosine and serine also add photochemically to DNA.RESUMENLa pronunciada sensibilidad del Escherichia coli al ser irradiado por luz u.v. cuando esta congelado y los cambios en la sensibilidad con la temperatura durante la radiación han sido relacionados con el aumento en la produccion de uniones ADN‐proleina y se ha demostrado no tener relación con la formación de dímeros de la timina. Los resultados aquí presentados proveen otro ejemplo para ilustrar que los dímeros de la timina practicamente no contribyen a la inactivación con luz u.v. de un sistema biológico (pero no niega la importancia biológica de los dimeros de la timina en otros sistemas). Hemos reportado que el uracilo y la cisteina pueden combinarse para formar 5‐S‐cisteina. 6‐hidrouracilo cuando una solución de estos dos componentes es irradiada con luz u.v. (2537 Å). Esto nos conduce a presentar a este compuesto para explicar el mecanismo por el cual el ADN y la proteina se unen in vivo. En la actualidad hemos extendido nuestros estudios a la cinética de la adición fotoquimica de 35S‐cisteina a varios polinucleótidos y al ADN. Las constantes de velocidad para la adición de cisteina en (μM de cisteina/μM de nucleotido/erg/mm2× 108) son las siguientes:
image
Las constantes de velocidad para el ADN nativo y desnaturalizado por el calor pueden obtenerse sumando las constantes de velocidad de los polinucleótidos correspondientes. Algunos resultados preliminares indican que la tirosina y la senna tambien se adicionan fotoquímicamente al ADN.
Interview with Tina Blaine
Authors: Lee Newton , Blaine Tina 
Published: January 2008

Tina Blaine is a faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center. Tina uses science and technology to explore new interface designs for gaming, collective music-making and interactive media with her graduate students. As a musical interactivist at Interval Research, she led a development team in the creation of a collaborative audiovisual instrument known as the Jam-O-Drum, now on permanent exhibit at the Experience Music Project in Seattle. An energetic composer and multiinstrumentalist, she has written music for NPR, video games, TV and documentary soundtracks. In the video interview, you will hear Tina's answers to the following questions:
1. What do you think about future human-computer interface in interactive media?
2. What do you think about using artificial intelligence to create new music or to mimic famous composers?
3. How do you see the future of music in 10 years? More new instruments, new sounds, or something entirely different?
4. If you have a 10-million dollar research fund to do anything you like, what would you do?
5. You are very much involved in volunteer service and community outreach, what is your favorite volunteer work?
Usability and usage of iTV services
Authors: Bernhaupt Regina , Obrist Marianna , Tscheligi Manfred 
Published: January 2008

How users experience interactive TV (iTV) is determined by various factors; usability is a major one. In industry, usability is often seen as the key element that determines acceptance of new technologies by users. We present some of the results of an MHP-based (Multimedia Home Platform) iTV field trial in Salzburg, Austria concerning usability issues and iTV usage.
We give an introduction to the field trial and an overview of its methods to ensure usability of iTV services and to measure their use. We present results from a usability test, give design recommendations, and discuss whether using iTV is an active or a passive user experience.
Molecular Imaging of the Efficacy of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors in Living Subjects
Authors: Chan Carmel T. , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Gheysens Olivier S. , Kim Joungnam , Chiosis Gabriela , Gambhir Sanjiv Sam 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α)/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions are crucial for proper folding of proteins involved in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors block Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions in part by preventing ATP binding to Hsp90. The importance of isoform-selective Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions in determining the sensitivity to Hsp90 was examined using 293T human kidney cancer cells stably expressing split Renilla luciferase (RL) reporters. Interactions between Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 in the split RL reporters led to complementation of RL activity, which was determined by bioluminescence imaging of intact cells in cell culture and living mice using a cooled charge-coupled device camera. The three geldanamycin-based and seven purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors led to different levels of inhibition of complemented RL activities (10–70%). However, there was no isoform selectivity to both classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in cell culture conditions. The most potent Hsp90 inhibitor, PU-H71, however, led to a 60% and 30% decrease in RL activity (14 hr) in 293T xenografts expressing Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 split reporters respectively, relative to carrier control–treated mice. Molecular imaging of isoform-specific Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions and efficacy of different classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in living subjects have been achieved with a novel genetically encoded reporter gene strategy that should help in accelerating development of potent and isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):216–26]
An Intracellular Signal Pathway That Regulates Cancer Cell Adhesion in Response to Extracellular Forces
Authors: Basson Marc D. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that tumor cells can regulate their own adhesion via intracellular signals that modulate integrin binding affinity. Although the full pathway has not yet been elucidated, the effects of pressure seem likely to require cytoskeletal mechanosensing, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and Akt-1 activation. Ultimately, activated focal adhesion kinase accumulates at the membrane in association with β1-integrin heterodimers and may modulate integrin binding affinity. This pathway may be a promising target for manipulation to inhibit metastatic cancer cell adhesion. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):2–4]
Differential Involvement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Survival of Hypoxic Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Calvani Maura , Trisciuoglio Daniela , Bergamaschi Cristina , Shoemaker Robert H. , Melillo Giovanni 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The recent approval of bevacizumab (Avastin), a humanized anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, has provided proof of principle of the efficacy of antiangiogenic strategies for cancer therapy. The activity of bevacizumab is primarily attributed to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell survival. Whether anti-VEGF strategies may also have a direct effect on cancer cell survival is poorly understood. We show that serum-starved colon cancer cells differentially respond to autocrine production of VEGF with the induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and survival under hypoxic conditions. Inhibition of VEGF or VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/KDR, but not VEGFR1/Flt-1, was sufficient to abrogate VEGF-mediated induction of HIF-1α and survival in sensitive HCT116, but not in resistant HT29, colon cancer cells. These results provide evidence that a VEGF/KDR/HIF-1α autocrine loop differentially mediates survival of hypoxic colon cancer cells, and they suggest that colon cancer cells may be intrinsically sensitive or resistant to anti-VEGF strategies, which may determine the therapeutic efficacy of bevacizumab. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):285–91]
Prostate-Restricted Replicative Adenovirus Expressing Human Endostatin-Angiostatin Fusion Gene Exhibiting Dramatic Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Li Xiong , Liu You-Hong , Lee Sang-Jin , Gardner Thomas A. , Jeng Meei-Huey , Kao Chinghai 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Our previous studies coadministering a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing endostatin and angiostatin fusion gene (EndoAngio) and a prostate-restricted, replication-competent adenovirus (PRRA) showed dramatic antitumor efficacy. This study integrated EndoAngio with an improved PRRA vector to make a single antiangiogenic PRRA, thereby exerting a similarly dramatic antitumor effect with feasibility for future clinical trials.
Experimental Design: We developed an antiangiogenic PRRA with structural improvements. The antitumor efficacy of EndoAngio-PRRA was evaluated in prostate-specific antigen/prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSA/PSMA)-positive, androgen-independent CWR22rv tumor models. The tumor vasculature and cell morphology were observed by dual-photon microscopy. The antiangiogenic effect of EndoAngio delivered by PRRA and the killing activity of EndoAngio-PRRA were evaluated in vitro. Virus-inactivated conditioned media from virus-infected PSA/PSMA-positive cells were tested for apoptosis induction in prostate cancer cells.
Results: Our novel EndoAngio-PRRA is a strong antiangiogenic and antitumor agent. Nine of 10 CWR22rv tumors treated by EndoAngio-PRRA completely regressed, with 1 tumor remaining in a dormant status for 26 weeks after treatment. Dual-photon microscopy revealed that EndoAngio-PRRA not only inhibited the development of tumor vasculature but also induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Subsequent in vitro study indicated that EndoAngio-PRRA exhibited stronger tumor-specific killing activity than enhanced green fluorescent protein-PRRA, which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein instead of EndoAngio. Virus-inactivated conditioned medium from EndoAngio-PRRA–infected PSA/PSMA-positive cells induced apoptosis in C4-2 and CWR22rv cells.
Conclusions: EndoAngio-PRRA uniquely combines three distinct antitumor effects to eliminate androgen-independent prostate cancer: antiangiogenesis, viral oncolysis, and apoptosis. This novel antiangiogenic PRRA represents a powerful agent feasible for future clinical trials for prostate cancer therapy.
Identification of Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 as a Predictive Tumor Marker in Serum Based on Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Yang Yan-Hong , Deng Hua , Li Wen-Mei , Zhang Qing-Yun , Hu Xiao-Ting , Xiao Bai , Zhu Hai-Hong , Geng Pai-Li , Lu You-Yong 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Prognostic markers discovery is a strategy for early diagnosis and individualization therapy for human cancer. In this study, we focus to integrate different methods to identify specific biomarker and elucidate its clinical significance.
Experimental Design: A powerful tool named Digital Gene Expression Display online was applied to isolate differentially expressed genes correlated with gastric cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) was selected and confirmed at both mRNA and protein level in 10 cell lines, 123 cases of tumor tissues, and 305 cases of gastric cancer serum specimen by semiquantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and ELISA techniques, respectively.
Results: Our data showed that overexpression of MMP11 at mRNA and protein level was consistently detected in cell lines and primary tumors compared with matched normal tissues. Importantly, serum MMP11 levels were also significantly elevated in gastric cancer patients compared with those of the control subjects (P &lt; 0.001), and the positive expression was well correlated with metastasis in gastric cancer patients (P = 0.009). Furthermore, we have shown that overexpression of MMP11 was associated with the malignant proliferation of AGS cells.
Conclusions: Combination of gene expression profiling and specific clinical resource is a promising approach to validate gene expression patterns associated with malignant phenotype. As a secreted protein, MMP11 may play an important role in carcinogenesis and has potential implication as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers including gastric cancer.
Development of the Pan-Arctic Snowfall Reconstruction: New Land-Based Solid Precipitation Estimates for 1940–99
Authors: Cherry J. E. , Tremblay L-B. , Stieglitz M. , Gong G. , Déry S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A new product, the Pan-Arctic Snowfall Reconstruction (PASR), is developed to address the problem of cold season precipitation gauge biases for the 1940–99 period. The method used to create the PASR is different from methods used in other large-scale precipitation data products and has not previously been employed for estimating pan-arctic snowfall. The NASA Interannual-to-Seasonal Prediction Project Catchment Land Surface Model is used to reconstruct solid precipitation from observed snow depth and surface air temperatures. The method is tested at four stations in the United States and Canada where results are examined in depth. Reconstructed snowfall at Dease Lake, British Columbia, and Barrow, Alaska, is higher than gauge observations. Reconstructed snowfall at Regina, Saskatchewan, and Minot, North Dakota, is lower than gauge observations, probably because snow is transported by wind out of the Prairie region and enters the hydrometeorological cycle elsewhere. These results are similar to gauge biases estimated by a water budget approach. Reconstructed snowfall is consistently higher than snowfall from the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) but does not have a consistent relationship with snowfall derived from the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Project correction algorithms. Advantages of the PASR approach include that 1) the assimilation of snow depth observations captures blowing snow where it is deposited and 2) the modeling approach takes into account physical snowpack evolution. These advantages suggest that the PASR product could be a valuable alternative to statistical gauge corrections and that arctic ground-based solid precipitation observing networks might emphasize snow depth measurements over gauges.