bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Leaching from Cow Manure Patches on Soil Columns
Authors: Chardon W. J. , Aalderink G. H. , van der Salm C. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe loss of P in overland flow or leachate from manure patches can impair surface water quality. We studied leaching of P from 10‐cm‐high lysimeters filled with intact grassland soil or with acid‐washed sand. A manure patch was created on two grassland and two sand‐filled lysimeters, and an additional two grass lysimeters served as blanks. Lysimeters were leached in the laboratory during 234 d with a diluted salt solution, and column effluent was passed through a 0.45‐μm filter, analyzed for pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total dissolved P (TDP). At the end of the experiment lysimeter soil was sampled and analyzed for pH, available P, and oxalate‐extractable P, Fe, and Al. The concentration of TDP in the effluent from the sand column increased to 25 mg L−1 during the first weeks and remained above 10 mg L−1 during the rest of the percolation. In effluent from grass + patch lysimeters TDP gradually increased to 4 mg L−1 Both in the manure and in the effluent of the sand lysimeter P was found mainly in the form of DRP, but in the effluent from the grass lysimeters was found mainly as dissolved unreactive P (DUP = TDP − DRP). Earthworm activity was responsible for decomposition of the manure patch on the grass lysimeters. Manure patches and their remains were found to be a long‐term source of high concentrations of P in leachates. Spreading of patches after a grazing period could reduce their possible negative impacts on the environment.
Organic Agriculture and Nitrous Oxide Emissions at Sub‐Zero Soil Temperatures
Authors: Phillips Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTIn the Red River Valley of the upper midwestern United States, soil temperatures often remain below freezing during winter and N2O emissions from frozen cropland soils is assumed to be negligible. This study was conducted to determine the strength of N2O emissions and denitrification when soil temperatures were below zero for a manure‐amended, certified organic field (T2O) compared with an unamended, conventionally managed field (T2C). Before manure application, both fields were similar with respect to autotrophic and heterotrophic N2O production and N2O flux at the soil surface (0.15 ± 0.05 mg N2O–N m−2 d−1 for T2O and 0.12 ± 0.06 mg N2O–N m−2 d−1 for T2C). After application of pelletized, dehydrated manure, average daily flux (based on time‐integrated fluxes from 20 November to 8 April), was 1.19 ± 0.34 mg N2O–N m−2 d−1 for T2O and 0.47 ± 0.37 mg N2O–N m−2 d−1 for T2C. Denitrification for intact cores measured in the laboratory at −2.5°C was greater for organically managed soils, although only marginally significant (p < 0.1). Cumulative emissions for all winter measurements (from 16 November to 8 April) averaged 1.63 kg N2O–N ha−1 for T2O and 0.64 kg N2O–N ha−1 for T2C. Biological N2O production was evident at sub‐zero soil temperatures, with winter emissions exceeding those measured in late summer. Late autumn manure application enhanced cumulative N2O–N emissions by 0.9 kg ha−1
A Model for Phosphorus Transformation and Runoff Loss for Surface‐Applied Manures
Authors: Vadas P. A. , Gburek W. J. , Sharpley A. N. , Kleinman P. J. A. , Moore P. A. , Cabrera M. L. , Harmel R. D. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTAgricultural P transport in runoff is an environmental concern. An important source of P runoff is surface‐applied, unincorporated manures, but computer models used to assess P transport do not adequately simulate P release and transport from surface manures. We developed a model to address this limitation. The model operates on a daily basis and simulates manure application to the soil surface, letting 60% of manure P infiltrate into soil if manure slurry with less than 15% solids is applied. The model divides manure P into four pools, water‐extractable inorganic and organic P, and stable inorganic and organic P. The model simulates manure dry matter decomposition, and manure stable P transformation to water‐extractable P. Manure dry matter and P are assimilated into soil to simulate bioturbation. Water‐extractable P is leached from manure when it rains, and a portion of leached P can be transferred to surface runoff. Eighty percent of manure P leached into soil by rain remains in the top 2 cm, while 20% leaches deeper. This 2‐cm soil layer contributes P to runoff via desorption. We used data from field studies in Texas, Pennsylvania, Georgia, and Arkansas to build and validate the model. Validation results show the model accurately predicted cumulative P loads in runoff, reflecting successful simulation of the dynamics of manure dry matter, manure and soil P pools, and storm‐event runoff P concentrations. Predicted runoff P concentrations were significantly related to (r2 = 0.57) but slightly less than measured concentrations. Our model thus represents an important modification for field or watershed scale models that assess P loss from manured soils.
Fire Effects on Stable Isotopes in a Sierran Forested Watershed
Authors: Saito Laurel , Miller Wally W. , Johnson Dale W. , Qualls Robert G. , Provencher Louis , Carroll Erin , Szameitat Peter 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThis study tested the hypothesis that stable C and N isotope values in surface soil and litter would be increased by fire due to volatilization of lighter isotopes. The hypothesis was tested by: (1) performing experimental laboratory burns of organic and mineral soil materials from a watershed at combinations of temperature ranging 100 to 600°C and duration ranging from 1 to 60 min; (2) testing field samples of upland soils before, shortly after, and 1 yr following a wildfire in the same watershed; and (3) testing field soil samples from a down‐gradient ash/sediment depositional area in a riparian zone following a runoff event after the wildfire. Muffle furnace results indicated the most effective temperature range for using stable isotopes for tracing fire impacts is 200 to 400°C because lower burn temperatures may not produce strong isotopic shifts, and at temperatures ≥600°C, N and C content of residual material is too low. Analyses of field soil samples were inconclusive: there was a slightly significant effect of the wildfire on δ15N values in upland watershed analyses 1 yr postburn, while riparian zone analyses results indicated that δ13C values significantly decreased ∼0.71‰ over a 9 mo post‐fire period (p = 0.015), and ash/sediment layer δ13C values were ∼0.65‰ higher than those in the A horizon. The lack of field confirmation may have been due to overall wildfire burn temperatures being <200°C and/or microbial recovery and vegetative growth in the field. Thus, the muffle furnace experiment supported the hypothesis, but it is as yet unconfirmed by actual wildfire field data.
Application of Two Organic Wastes in a Soil Polluted by Lead
Authors: Tejada M. , Hernandez M. T. , Garcia C. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of adding a crushed cotton gin compost (CCGC) and a poultry manure (PM) on the enzymatic activities of a Typic Xerofluvent soil polluted with Pb were studied in the laboratory. Three hundred grams of sieved soil (<2 mm) were mixed with PM at a rate of 10% or CCGC at a rate of 17.2%, applying to the soil the same amount of organic matter with each organic amendment. Urease, protease‐BBA, β‐glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities were measured at four different incubation times (1, 7, 15, and 45 d) in soils containing seven concentrations (100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, and 8000 mg kg−1) of Pb, and in the same soils amended with CCGC and PM. In all treatments and incubation times, the inhibition percentage of soil enzyme activities by Pb was lower in soils amended with the PM and CCGC than in nonamended soils, and it differed with the organic amendment. In this respect, the in the 8000 mg Pb kg−1 treatment at the end of the incubation period, the protease‐BBA activity inhibition percentage was lower (14.7 and 33.9% lower, respectively) in CCGC‐ than in PM‐amended soils. Since the adsorption capacity of Pb was higher in CCGC‐ than the PM‐amended soils, the addition of organic wastes with higher humic acid concentration is more beneficial for remediation of soils polluted with Pb.
A new species of Oxyascaris (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in the Costa Rica brook frog, Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Bursey Charles , Goldberg Stephen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOxyascaris mcdiarmidi sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of Duellmanohyla uranochroa from Costa Rica is described. Oxyascaris mcdiarmidi sp. nov. represents the 4th species assigned to the genus and is distinguished from congeners by the distribution pattern of the caudal papillae of the male, spicule length and vulvar position.
Enantioselective Sulfoxidation and Kinetic Resolution Combined Protocol Mediated by a Functionalized (S)‐Norcamphor‐Based Hydroperoxide/Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide System
Authors: Lattanzi Alessandra , Piccirillo Sandro , Scettri Arrigo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA functionalized tertiary furyl hydroperoxide derived from (S)‐norcamphor has been easily synthesized in good yield and in a highly diastereoselective manner. Good to high enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) and acceptable to good yields (up to 86 %) were achieved for the sulfoxides, by tandem stereoconvergent asymmetric sulfoxidation and kinetic resolution when using the novel hydroperoxide as oxygen donor and chirality source in the presence of catalytic loadings of titanium(IV) isopropoxide as the catalyst.
Design of a Conformationally Rigid Hydrazide Organic Catalyst
Authors: Lemay Mathieu , Aumand Livia , Ogilvie William W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractConformational control was utilized to design a hydrazide organocatalyst for asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions, thus introducing a new aspect to organocatalysis. Diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities of up to 96 % were achieved by the application of the rigidified catalyst. The first crystal structure of a key iminium intermediate in an organocatalyzed process is also provided.
Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Aryl Chloride Derivatives with Arylboronic Acids using Mesoporous Silica‐Supported Aryldicyclohexylphosphine
Authors: Sayah Reine , Glegoła Katarzyna , Framery Eric , Dufaud Véronique 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe Suzuki–Miyaura reactions using mesoporous‐supported aryldicyclohexylphosphine as ligand have been investigated. The catalysts were based on SBA‐15 type mesoporous silica which was transformed in a four‐step synthesis leading to a phosphine‐containing hybrid material The most productive catalytic system studied was generated in situ from this material and the homogeneous palladium complex, Pd(OAc)2. Other catalytic systems were studied for comparison [homogeneous cataysts, a “preformed” catalyst obtained by reaction of PdCl2(PhCN)2 and the phosphine‐containing material]. Variations involving the solvent system, the substrate aryl chloride and the arylboronic acid reactant were also studied. For both in situ and preformed catalyst systems, high conversions and yields are obtained for activated aryl chlorides. Success of the reaction for unactivated aryl chlorides was limited to the catalyst formed in situ. The catalyst formed in situ was also shown to be reactive under aqueous reaction conditions in the cross‐coupling of 1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethanone with phenylboronic acid.
First Modular Synthesis of Dissymmetric Biaryldiphosphine Ligands Allowing Tunable Steric and Electronic Effects
Authors: Leroux Frédéric R. , Mettler Hanspeter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe first modular synthesis of a family of C1‐symmetric diphosphine ligands is presented. Their synthesis is based on unprecedented highly regioselective halogen/metal interconversions on a common polybrominated biaryl precursor. This methodology allows the functionalization of the ortho‐ and ortho′‐positions of the biaryl core. Diphosphine ligands carrying only one substituent at the 6‐position and the two phosphine substituents at the 2‐ and 2′‐position become easily accessible. The two phosphine substituents may be identical (as in compounds 2 and 3) or different (as in compounds 1 and 4). All diphosphines were prepared on gram scale, and the enantiopure ligands were obtained by chromatography of the racemate on a chiral HPLC column. The asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐keto esters, acetamidocinnamates and dimethyl itaconate revealed good to excellent asymmetric inductions of up to 99 % ee, and are often close to those of the well‐known C2‐symmetric MeO‐BIPHEP.
Improved Stabilization of Genetically Modified Penicillin G Acylase in the Presence of Organic Cosolvents by Co‐ Immobilization of the Enzyme with Polyethyleneimine
Authors: Montes Tamara , Grazú Valeria , Manso Isabel , Galán Beatriz , López‐Gallego Fernando , González Ramón , Hermoso Juan A. , García José L. , Guisán José M. , Fernández‐Lafuente Roberto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPenicillin G acylase (PGA) is an enzyme that hardly interacts with polycationic polymers (e.g., polyethyleneimine, PEI) and thus the enzyme cannot be stabilized against the action of organic solvents by its co‐immobilization with the polymer in the same support, neither covalently attached to the support nor adsorbed on the already immobilized enzyme. However, a new mutant PGA bearing eight additional Glu residues homogenously distributed throughout the enzyme surface may interact with the polymer. The co‐immobilization of the enzyme and PEI on glyoxyl‐agarose allows one to fully take advantage of the stabilization produced by the multipoint covalent attachment and by the protective hydrophilic micro‐environment generated by the polycationic polymer, enabling a significant stabilization of the immobilized PGA in the presence of organic solvents.
Binaphthol‐Based Diphosphite Ligands in Asymmetric Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Styrene and 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene: Influence of Steric Properties
Authors: Wilting Jos , Janssen Michèle , Müller Christian , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Vogt Dieter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA series of chiral (R)‐binaphthol‐based diphosphite ligands with different substituents was prepared and applied in the asymmetric nickel‐catalyzed hydrocyanation of styrene and 1,3‐cyclohexadiene to investigate the influence of their steric properties. The optimum steric properties for the hydrocyanation reaction lie within a narrow window. With the optimized ligand, hydrocyanation of styrene gave full conversion (Subs/Ni=100) with 49 % ee, the TON was determined to be 600. Hydrocyanation of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene gave 50 % conversion (Subs/Ni=500) with an excellent ee of 86 %. This demonstrates that high ees are not only accessible for vinylarenes but also for conjugated dienes in the asymmetric nickel‐catalyzed hydrocyanation.
Lewis Acid–Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Addition of α‐Ketonitriles to Aldehydes
Authors: Lundgren Stina , Wingstrand Erica , Moberg Christina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAdditions of structurally diverse α‐ketonitriles to aromatic and aliphatic prochiral aldehydes yielding highly enantioenriched acylated cyanohydrins were achieved using a combination of a titanium salen dimer and an achiral or chiral Lewis base. In most cases high yields and high enantioselectivities were observed. The ee was moderate in the initial part of the reaction but increased over time. This could be avoided, and higher ees obtained, by keeping the titanium complex, in the presence or absence of aldehyde and ketonitrile, at −40 °C prior to the addition of the Lewis base. A mechanism initiated by nucleophilic attack of the tertiary amine at the carbonyl carbon atom of the ketonitile is supported by 13C labelling experiments.
Purtscher‐like retinopathy as an initial presentation of a thrombotic microangiopathy associated with antineoplastic therapy
Authors: Parc C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe describe the case of a 31‐year‐old female with Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed renal and retinal thrombotic microangiopathy (TM) months after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Presenting symptoms were ocular and examination findings were consistent with a Purtscher‐like retinopathy. This case demonstrates that patients being treated with antineoplastic therapy who develop TM should have an ocular examination for Purtscher retinopathy. The visual prognosis of Purtscher retinopathy is guarded. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biclonal low grade B‐cell lymphoma confirmed by both flow cytometry and karyotypic analysis, in spite of a normal kappa/lambda Ig light chain ratio
Authors: Delville J.P. , Heimann P. , Housni H. El , Boutriaux M. , Jeronnez A. , Remmelink M. , Lasudry J. , Pradier O. , Kentos A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractComposite low grade lymphoma with two subpopulations in a same site is uncommon. We herewith report the case of an 80‐year‐old woman who presented with isolated bilateral dacryoadenomegaly. Pathological examination of an incisional biopsy of her right lacrimal gland was consistent with a marginal zone lymphoma. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping showed two distinct clonal B‐cell populations expressing sIg D lambda or sIg M kappa restriction in the lacrimal gland, blood, and bone marrow. Both B‐cells populations were sorted from peripheral blood for molecular biology investigations and comparison with molecular data performed on tumor and bone marrow cells. IgH PCR performed on purified blood populations disclosed two monoclonal peaks: 98 bp‐sized peak in the sIg M kappa and a 107 bp in the sIg D lambda clones, respectively. The lacrimal gland tumor expressed mainly sIg M kappa population, and showed a major 98 bp‐sized peak coexisting with a very minor 107 bp peak. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX,del (7) (q22q32) karyotype. Bone marrow examination at diagnosis revealed the same B‐cell clones distribution than the one observed in blood with a dominant sIg D lambda population, a Genescan profile showing a major peak of 107 bp and a minor peak of 98 bp. Chromosomal analysis disclosed a 46,XX,del (10) (?p14) karyotype without detectable 7q deletion. To our knowledge, this observation represents the first reported case of biclonal low grade lymphoma hidden behind a normal classical kappa/lambda Ig light chain ratio in blood, but clearly demonstrated by the combination of three ancillary techniques (flow cytometry both analytical and cell sorting, molecular biology, and cytogenetics) and analysis of different tissues (i.e., in this case, lacrimal gland biopsy, blood, and bone marrow. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed chimerism and graft failure following conditioning with the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide nonablative regimen; Conversion to full donor chimerism
Authors: Jillella Anand P. , Shafer Danielle , Klumpp Thomas R. , Emmons Robert V.B. , Mangan Kenneth F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one patients with hematologic malignancies were treated with the fludarabine (120–125 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) and graft rejection prophylaxis was with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Thirteen of the 21 patients (62%) had mixed chimerism (≤≤90% donor cells) at day 60 and 11 (52%) of these patients had mixed chimerism which persisted until day 100. Immunosuppression was discontinued in 12 of 13 patients and two of them converted to full chimerism by day 100. Eight patients received a donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and five of them converted to full donor chimerism with DLI alone. Two patients were given GM‐CSF in addition to a DLI with conversion to full donor chimerism. Three patients (14%) had graft failure requiring a second transplant using fludarabine (125 mg/m2) and melphalan (140 mg/m2). With a median followup of 2.8 years, 15 patients are alive—one with disease and 14 with no disease. Two patients died of acute GVHD, one of chronic GVHD, and three due to progressive disease. We conclude that the nonmyeloablative fludarabine/cyclophosphamide regimen results in a significant incidence of mixed chimerism and graft rejection but is well tolerated. We suggest a more intense regimen, such as fludarabine and melphalan, be used in patients with a high risk of early disease progression to establish early engraftment and graft versus tumor effect. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro reactivity of factor VIII inhibitors with von Willebrand factor in different commercial factor VIII concentrates
Authors: Tagariello Giuseppe , Zanotto Daniela , Radossi Paolo , Sartori Roberto , Belvini Donata , Salviato Roberta 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA relevant aspect in the treatment of patients with hemophilia A (HA) presenting inhibitor against factor VIII (FVIII) is the different antigenicity of FVIII used for replacement therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different products, with variable von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration, in preventing the binding of inhibitor to FVIII. The reactivity of inhibitors from plasma of 18 patients with HA versus three commercial concentrates containing different amounts of vWF was compared. The results show that increasing amounts of vWF might have a protective effect on the transfused FVIII inactivation. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency of intron 1 and 22 inversions of factor VIII gene in Mexican patients with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Mantilla‐Capacho Johanna Milena , Beltrán‐Miranda Claudia Patricia , Luna‐Záizar Hilda , Aguilar‐López Lilia , Esparza‐Flores María Amparo , López‐Guido Beatriz , Troyo‐Sanromán Rogelio , Jaloma‐Cruz Ana Rebeca 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHemophilia A (HA) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders caused by FVIII gene mutations. Inversion of intron 22 (inv22) originates 50% of cases of severe HA and is a major risk factor for inhibitor development. Inversion of intron 1 (inv1) has been reported to occur in 2–3% of severe HA patients. We studied both inversions to determine their frequencies in Mexican patients with severe HA and to compare these data with other HA populations. The inv22 was evaluated as a risk factor for FVIII inhibitor development in severe HA patients. We studied 44 patients from 31 severe HA families for the detection of inv22 and 94 patients from 65 families to detect inv1. We used the subcycling long‐distance PCR to detect inv22 and rapid PCR in duplex reactions to detect inv1. We found a frequency of 45% for the inv22 and no inv1‐positive patients (0%). These frequencies were not statistically different from other populations, although haplotype analyses of FVIII gene and telomeric regions should be incorporated to explore population‐specific variation of inv1 frequencies. Inv22‐positive patients showed 1.88X higher risk for developing inhibitors with respect to patients carrying other severe mutations; however, this OR value was not significant. Our findings confirm inv22 as a hot‐spot for severe HA and evidence the low frequency of inv1 in a Mexican population. The non‐significant risk for developing inhibitors among inv22‐positive patients agrees with the variety of genetic and non‐genetic factors involved in such a complication. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.