bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forward focus: using routing information to improve medium access control in ad hoc networks
Authors: Ishibashi Brent , Boutaba Raouf 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMultihop packet forwarding is a vital process in an ad hoc network. All ad hoc networking protocols, but particularly routing and medium access control protocols, must work together in order for the network to be successful. However, current MAC protocols such as IEEE 802.11 do not consider this multihop nature at all. This work develops a modification to 802.11 that focuses on forwarding packets. Routing information is utilized to streamline the sharing of the medium, by allowing forwarding nodes to reuse an already‐acquired channel. Using forward focus (FF), nodes are encouraged to participate in the forwarding process and are rewarded for doing so. Simulation‐generated performance evaluations reveal that the result is a MAC protocol with improved efficiency and effectiveness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Structures of some Tellurium Derivatives of 1,2‐Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12)
Authors: Herberhold Max , Milius Wolfgang , Jin Guo‐Xin , Kremnitz Walter , Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe insertion of tellurium into the carbon‐lithium bonds of lithiated ortho‐carborane, C2B10H12, in solution can be used to generate organometallic derivatives with Te2 units.In addition to di(ortho‐carborane‐1‐yl) ditellane, (C2B10H11)2Te2 (2c), two cylic compounds containing each two annellated [(dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborano)] units, (C2B10H10)2Te4 (3c) and (C2B10H10)2Te2(SnMe2) (4c), have been structurally characterized.
Synthesis, Rietveld Analysis and Solid State Raman Spectroscopy of K4SrSi3O9
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Kaindl Reinhard , Többens Daniel M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe crystal structure of K4SrSi3O9 has been determined from laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data using polycrystalline material prepared from solid state reactions. The compound crystallizes with 16 formula units in a cubic primitive unit cell (a = 16.16957(5) Å, V = 4227.62(2) Å3) and adopts space group $Pa{\bar 3}$. The structure belongs to the group of cyclosilicates and is isotypic with Na4CaSi3O9 and other similar silicates and germanates. It contains puckered twelve‐membered [Si12O36]‐rings centered on the ${\bar 3}\rm -axes$. The rings are connected by seven different M‐sites occupied by potassium or strontium atoms. Five of the seven crystallographically independent alkaline and alkaline earth cations are surrounded by six oxygen ligands in the form of distorted octahedra. The octahedra share opposite triangular faces, building non‐intersecting columns parallel to the body diagonals of the cubic unit cell. The arrangement of these rods corresponds to one of the cubic cylinder or rod packings. The remaining two potassium sites have more irregular coordination environments with eight next oxygen neighbors. Structural investigations are completed by solid state Raman spectroscopy.
New Intermetallic Compounds Nd4Co2Mg3 and Sm4Co2Mg3 – an Intergrowth of AlB2 and CsCl Related Slabs
Authors: Tuncel Selcan , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Heying Birgit , Chevalier Bernard , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe new magnesium based intermetallic compounds Nd4Co2Mg3 and Sm4Co2Mg3 were synthesized by induction melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in a water‐cooled sample chamber. The compounds were studied by X‐ray powder and single crystal diffractometer data: P2/m, a = 765.42(14), b = 380.53(5), c = 832.47(16) pm, β = 109.79(1)°, wR2 = 0.0489, 1026 F2 values for Nd4Co2Mg3, a = 760.12(15), b = 377.11(6), c = 826.84(16) pm, β = 109.68(1)°, wR2 = 0.0518, 731 F2 values for Sm4Co2Mg3 with 30 variable parameters for each refinement. These ternary magnesium compounds crystallize with a new structure type. They are simple 1:3 intergrowth variants of distorted AlB2 and CsCl related slabs of compositions RECo2 and REMg. The Co–Co distance within the AlB2 related slab is 237 pm in Nd4Co2Mg3 and 235 pm in Sm4Co2Mg3. The crystal chemistry of this new structure type is discussed in line with the related structures of Mn2AlB2 and Mo2FeB2 which are 1:1 intergrowth variants of the two slabs.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the novel T‐shaped Organotellurium(II) Dihalides (PyH)[mesTeClBr] and (PyH)[mesTeX2] (Py = pyridine; mes = mesityl; X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Faoro Eliandro , Manzoni de Oliveira Gelson , Schulz Lang Ernesto 
Published: August 2006

Abstract(MesTe)2 and bromine or chlorine react with pyridinium bromide and pyridinium chloride to give (PyH)[mesTeBr2] (1), (PyH)[mesTeClBr] (2) and (PyH)[mesTeCl2] (3), respectively. The TeII atoms in 1, 2 and 3 adopt a three‐coordinate, T‐shaped configuration and the trans tellurium‐halogen bonds present different distances, since the X(1)‐halogens {Br (1), Cl (2, 3)} attain hydrogen bondings toward the N–H group of the pyridinium cations. The title compounds do not reproduce the dimeric assembling of some newly reported parent tellurium dihalides.
A Monomeric, Base‐Free Samarium(II) Thiophenolate with a π‐Encapsulated Rare‐Earth Metal
Authors: Cofone Alexandro , Niemeyer Mark 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe deep purple, alkane‐soluble complex Sm(SAr*)2 (1) (Ar* = 2,6‐Trip2C6H3; Trip = 2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2) has been prepared by salt metathesis reaction of SmI2 with KSAr*. The solid‐state structure shows monomeric units with the metal atom bonded to sulfur atoms of two terminal thiolate ligands (av. Sm–S: 281.6 pm). Additional η6‐π‐arene interactions are observed to two C6H2 rings of the flanking Trip substituents (av. Sm···C: 307.1 pm).
Lanthanum Dibromide Complexes of Sterically Demanding Aminopyridinato and Amidinate Ligands
Authors: Kretschmer Winfried P. , Meetsma Auke , Hessen Bart , Scott Natalie M. , Qayyum Sadaf , Kempe Rhett 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt is report on synthesis and structure of Ap*LaBr2(THF)3 and Am*LaBr2(THF)3 (Ap*‐H = {(2,6‐diisopropyl‐phenyl)[6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropyl‐phenyl)‐pyridin‐2‐yl]‐amine}, Am*‐H = N,N′‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)benzamidine). X‐ray crystal structure analyses of the two seven coordinated complexes were carried out to compare the steric demand of the two amido ligands. A similar overall primary coordination site bulkiness for both ligands and distinct differences regarding this bulkiness for different directions were observed. A better shielding of the second coordination sphere was observed for the aminopyridinate.
Electronic Structures of Organometallic Complexes of f Elements. 62 Parametric Analysis of the Crystal Field Splitting Pattern of Pseudo Trigonal Planar Nd(η5‐C5Me4H)3
Authors: Reddmann Hauke , Karbowiak Mirosław , Amberger Hanns‐Dieter , Drożdżyński Janusz 
Published: August 2006

Abstract The absorption spectrum of pseudo (Ψ) trigonal planar Nd(η5‐C5Me4H)3 (1) has been measured at room and low temperatures. From the spectra obtained, a truncated crystal field (CF) splitting pattern could be derived, and simulated by fitting the parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian. For 38 assignments, a reduced r.m.s. deviation of 30.7 cm−1 was achieved. On the basis of the CF parameters used, the global CF strength experienced by the Nd3+ central ion is estimated. The obtained Slater parameter F2 and the spin‐orbit coupling parameter ξ4f allow the insertion of compound 1 into truncated nephelauxetic and relativistic nephelauxetic series. Besides, the experimentally based non‐relativistic molecular orbital scheme (in the f range) of complex 1 is set up and compared with the results of an SW‐Xα calculation on the fictive trigonal planar model complex NdCp3.
Pentanuclear Heterobimetallic 3d‐4f‐Complexes – Structure and Luminescence
Authors: Siebold Matthias , Eidner Sascha , Kelling Alexandra , Kumke Michael U. , Schilde Uwe , Strauch Peter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPlanar bis(1,2‐dithiooxalato)nickelates(II) react in aqueous solutions of lanthanide ions to form pentanuclear, heterobimetallic complexes of the general composition [{Ln(H2O)n}2{Ni(dto)2}3]·x H2O (Ln = Y3+, La3+−Lu3+; n = 4 or 5; x = 9−12). With [{Ce(H2O)5}2{Ni(S2C2O2)2}3]·xH2O (x = 10−12) we were able to isolate another complex of this series as single crystals, which were characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. Depending on the individual ionic radii of the lanthanide ions, the compounds crystallise in two different crystal systems. The Ce2Ni3 complex crystallizes with the unit cell parameters: monoclinic in P21/c with a = 10.3894(6), b = 11.6000(7), c = 20.8964(11) Å, β = 98.431(4)° and Z = 2. The channels and cavities appearing in the crystal packing of the complex molecules are occupied by uncoordinated water molecules. The Eu2Ni3 and Tb2Ni3 complexes were investigated in steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence measurements. Luminescence of the isostructural Tb2Ni3 complex has been observed at room temperature.
The Octanuclear Europium Cluster [bmpyr]6[Eu8(μ4‐O)(μ3‐OH)12(μ2‐OTf)14 (μ1‐Tf)2](HOTf)1.5 Obtained from the Ionic Liquid [bmpyr][OTf]
Authors: Babai Arash , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe octanuclear europium cluster compound [bmpyr]6[Eu8(μ4‐O)(μ3‐OH)12(μ2‐OTf)14(μ1‐OTf)2](HOTf)1.5 has been crystallized from the ionic liquid [bmpyr][OTf]. Structural characterization by single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed an Eu8 cluster unit which is centered by an oxide anion. The Eu8‐cluster polyhedron can be described as a bicapped octahedron or a triangulated dodecahedron. Each of the triangular faces of the cluster is capped by one μ3‐hydroxo group. Fourteen μ2‐triflate (CF3SO3−) anions bridge via oxygen the cluster edges. Together with two μ1‐terminal coordinating triflate anions they complete the cluster unit. Six cations from the ionic liquid counterbalance the cluster charge. Additionally, 1.5 HOTf molecules per Eu8‐cluster unit are incorporated in the crystal structure of the title compound.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behaviour of Gd(ClF2CCOO)3(H2O)(bipy)
Authors: John Daniela , Urland Werner 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSingle crystals of Gd(ClF2CCOO)3(H2O)(bipy)2 have been obtained by reaction of Gd(ClF2CCOO)3(H2O)3 with 2,2′‐bipyridyl in a solution of ethanol and water. The compound crystallises in the triclinic space group $P{\bar 1}$ (Nr. 2, Z = 2, a = 1005.0 pm, b = 1175.7 pm, c = 1181.5 pm, α = 98.79°, β = 109.84°, γ = 105.61°). The Gd3+ ions are bridged by carboxylate groups to dimers and are eightfold coordinated by six oxygen and two nitrogen atoms.The magnetic behaviour of the compound was investigated in the temperature range of 2 to 300 K. The magnetic data indicate an antiferromagnetic interaction within the dimeric units.
M3NS3 (M = La – Nd, Sm, Gd – Dy): Struktur und Magnetismus von 3:1:3‐Typ‐Nitridsulfiden dreiwertiger Lanthanide
Authors: Lissner Falk , Meyer Monika , Kremer Reinhard K. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractM3NS3 (M = La – Nd, Sm, Gd – Dy): Structure and Magnetism of 3:1:3‐Type Nitride Sulfides of Trivalent LanthanidesNitride sulfides of the trivalent lanthanides with the composition M3NS3 (M = La – Nd, Sm, Gd – Dy) can be prepared by the oxidation of the respective lanthanide metal with sulfur, sodium azide (NaN3), and the corresponding lanthanide tribromide (MBr3) when an additional flux (NaBr) is used. Temperature ranges from 800 to 900 °C for the thermal treatment of the reaction mixtures in evacuated silica tubes secure the formation of bright to dark brown, transparent, lath shaped single‐crystals. The orthorhombic crystal structure (Pnma, Z = 4) was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data (La3NS3: a = 1215.13(5), b = 415.90(2), c = 1322.12(5) pm, Ce3NS3: a = 1206.28(4), b = 410.16(1), c = 1307.18(5) pm, Pr3NS3: a = 1205.45(7), b = 405.35(2), c = 1297.58(8) pm, Nd3NS3: a = 1207.82(5), b = 401.31(1), c = 1295.20(4) pm, Sm3NS3: a = 1201.58(6), b = 394.84(2), c = 1285.63(7) pm, Gd3NS3: a = 1197.17(7), b = 388.22(3), c = 1286.92(8) pm, Tb3NS3: a = 1191.62(7), b = 385.07(3), c = 1282.44(8) pm, and Dy3NS3: a = 1187.66(7), b = 382.55(3), c = 1276.77(8) pm). There are three crystallographically different M3+ cations present in coordination of both the N3− and the S2− anions. However, [NM4]9+ tetrahedra connected via two common corners (c) to form linear chains $^{1}_{\infty}\rm \{[N(M1)^{t}_{1/1}(M2)^{t}_{1/1}(M3)^{c}_{2/2}]^{6+}\}$ along [010] build up the main structural feature. A non‐linear behaviour for the decreasing lattice constants of the pseudo‐isotypic series from La3NS3 to Dy3NS3 concerning the a‐ and c‐axes is observed along with the lanthanoid contraction caused by the diminishing coordination sphere of (M1)3+ (CN = 7) and (M3)3+ (CN = 7) moving from the light to the heavier lanthanides. Curie‐Weiss‐type magnetic behaviour for Dy3NS3 with μeff = 10.3(1) μB for DyN1/3S corresponding to a 6H15/2 groundstate for Dy3+ at higher temperatures and antiferromagnetic ordering of the Dy3+ moments below 5 K is observed.
Sexual dimorphism in clonal growth forms and ramet distribution patterns in Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Fujitaka Teruya , Sakai Satoki 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigated clonal traits in the dioecious herb Rumex acetosella to characterize sexual dimorphism in clonal forms and to correlate below‐ground clonal patterns and above‐ground ramet distributions. We recorded creeping root length, branching patterns, ramet and clump (caespitose ramets from the same position on the root) sprouting patterns, and biomass allocations in three females and males. We also estimated the patch size of flowering ramets within a quadrat. No sexual dimorphism was detected in the frequencies of branches and flowering ramets per root length. Male plants allocated proportionally more biomass to below‐ground organs. Total root length did not differ between the sexes. Females sprouted more clumps with fewer flowering ramets per root length than males, which sprouted fewer clumps with more flowering ramets, which meant that clump sprouting patterns were phalanx‐like in females and guerrilla‐like in males. Flowering ramets were aggregately distributed in both females and males and patch sizes were similar between sexes, indicating that the spreader propagations were not found in the guerrilla‐like males. We assumed that sexual dimorphism occurred in response to physiological integration for higher reproductive effort in females.
Vertical distribution and seasonal pattern of fine‐root dynamics in a cool–temperate forest in northern Japan: implication of the understory vegetation, Sasa dwarf bamboo
Authors: Fukuzawa Karibu , Shibata Hideaki , Takagi Kentaro , Satoh Fuyuki , Koike Takayoshi , Sasa Kaichiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe measured the vertical distribution and seasonal patterns of fine‐root production and mortality using minirhizotrons in a cool–temperate forest in northern Japan mainly dominated by Mongolian oak (Quercus crispula) and covered with a dense understory of dwarf bamboo (Sasa senanensis). We also investigated the vertical distribution of the fine‐root biomass using soil coring. We also measured environmental factors such as air and soil temperature, soil moisture and leaf area indices (LAI) of trees and the understory Sasa canopy for comparison with the fine‐root dynamics. Fine‐root biomass to a depth of 60 cm in September 2003 totaled 774 g m−2, of which 71% was accounted for by Sasa and 60% was concentrated in the surface soil layer (0–15 cm), indicating that understory Sasa was an important component of the fine‐root biomass in this ecosystem. Fine‐root production increased in late summer (August) when soil temperatures were high, suggesting that temperature partially controls the seasonality of fine‐root production. In addition, monthly fine‐root production was significantly related to Sasa LAI (P<0.001), suggesting that fine‐root production was also affected by the specific phenology of Sasa. Fine‐root mortality was relatively constant throughout the year. Fine‐root production, mortality, and turnover rates were highest in the surface soil (0–15 cm) and decreased with increasing soil depth. Turnover rates of production and mortality in the surface soil were 1.7 year−1 and 1.1 year−1, respectively.
Preoperative Considerations with Herbal Medicines
Authors: Murphy Jane M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMore patients are using herbal remedies. Even though herbs are natural products, they often act like medications and may interact with or potentiate other medications. During a preoperative evaluation, nurses should ask patients about their use of herbal remedies. Certain herbs are dangerous and should never be taken, and others must be avoided before elective surgery. Today's perioperative health care professionals must become familiar with basic information about herbs to carry out thorough assessments. At times, caregivers may need to educate and counsel consumers about benefits and harmful aspects of herbal preparations. AORN J 69 (Jan 1999) 173–183.
Management of Hysteroscopic Surgery Complications
Authors: Morrison Donna M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTHysteroscopic surgery is considered a safe, routine gynecologic procedure performed in the OR and in office settings. Complications are rare; however, when complications do occur they can be severe and rapid. The surgical team members must understand the significance of patient monitoring and proper equipment operation to ensure positive patient outcomes. This article discusses complications from intravasation of various distending media used during hysteroscopy and the complication of hyponatremia. A physiologic approach to these problems enhances awareness of the significance of patient monitoring during hysteroscopic procedures. AORN J 69 (Jan 1999) 194–209.
Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia Repair with Nissen Fundoplication
Authors: Rogers Mary A. , Cox Joyce A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTLaparoscopic approach to paraesophageal hernia repair is a recent application of minimally invasive videoscopic surgery. Procedures such as paraesophageal hernia repair with Nissen fundoplication that previously could only be performed as open techniques now can be performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic approach of this major surgical repair benefits patients because of the reduced surgical time, decreased length of hospital stay, reduced hospital costs, and a reduction in loss of work time. AORN J 67 (March 1998) 536–551.
RN First Assistants Expand Their Perioperative Role
Authors: Hlozek Christopher C. , Zacharias Walter M. , Mizener Karl A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAt the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, the RN first assistant (RNFA) role has expanded to include radial artery (RA) harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery. This new role encompasses preoperatively assessing the RA with the Allen's test and perfusion index; intraoperatively removing the RA, dissecting the RA as a pedicle, and maintaining hemostasis and wound closure; and postoperatively collaborating with the postoperative nurse clinician during patient care and management in the intensive care unit. This article outlines the RNFA's expanded role in this detailed surgical procedure. AORN J 67 (March 1998) 560–566.
Arthroscopic Repairs of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears
Authors: Baehser‐Griffith Patricia , Bednar John M. , Osterman A. Lee , Culp Randall 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTechnical advancements in arthroscopic wrist procedures have improved our knowledge of normal and abnormal intraarticular wrist function. Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears from trauma injuries are a common source of ulnar‐sided wrist pain. Fortunately, the TFCC is a structure that can be evaluated and treated arthroscopically with results that are comparable to open surgical procedures. Successful arthroscopic repairs of TFCC tears depend on a coordinated team effort between perioperative nurses, orthopedic surgeons, nurse practitioners, and occupational hand therapists, as well as cooperation from patients and family members. This article reviews the anatomy and physiology of the TFCC, the biomechanics of the wrist and mechanisms of injury, and arthroscopic repairs of TFCC tears. AORN J 66 (July 1997) 101‐111.
Advanced Perioperative Nursing Elective for Baccalaureate Students
Authors: Beitz Janice M. , Houck Phyllis M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTRecruiting baccalaureate nursing students and experienced RNs into perioperative nursing is essential if RNs are to continue their presence in surgical settings. The advanced elective described in this article is the second part of a two‐elective sequence in perioperative nursing at La Salle University, Philadelphia. This collaborative program between nursing education and nursing practice contains both didactic and clinical components and broadens the exposure of basic baccalaureate and RN‐baccalaureate nursing students to perioperative nursing. This experience increases graduates' marketability, provides perioperative staff members opportunities to recruit new nurses into their specialty, and creates a pool of potential perioperative staff nurses. AORN J 66 (July 1997) 119‐129.
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis with Intraocular Implants
Authors: Costabile Bruce S. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis affects 20% to 40% of patients with AIDS and is the leading cause of vision loss associated with AIDS. Three treatment options currently exist (ie, IV administration of antiviral medications, intravitreal injections of ganciclovir, surgical implantation of devices that provide sustained release of ganciclovir). As patients with AIDS live longer, perioperative nurses may care for more patients with CMV retinitis who undergo implantation of these devices. AORN J 67 (Feb 1998) 356–368.
Online randomized controlled trial of brief and full cognitive behaviour therapy for depression
Authors: CHRISTENSEN H. , GRIFFITHS K. M. , MACKINNON A. J. , BRITTLIFFE KYLIE 
Published: August 2006

Background. Effective internet-based programs for depression usually incorporate a component that provides telephone or email contact. Open access websites, without such contact, show high rates of attrition and poorer outcomes. The present study was designed as an exploratory investigation of the parameters that influence the effectiveness and retention of users on open access websites. We investigated whether brief cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) was as effective as an extended version, whether add-on components of behaviour therapy or stress management contributed to positive outcomes, and whether longer programs were associated with greater attrition.Method. An online randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted between 13 January 2005 and 26 May 2005 (19 weeks). A total of 2794 registrants (1846 women and 948 men; median age category 35–44 years) with elevated scores on the Goldberg Depression Scale of 5·96 (S.D.=2·09) elected online to be randomized to one of six versions of a CBT website. The versions were compiled consisting of various components of brief CBT, extended CBT, behaviour strategies, stress management and problem solving.Results. A total of 20·4% of participants completed the assigned intervention. The interaction of measurement occasion and treatment version was significant [F(13,131)=2·20, p=0·01]. A single module of brief introductory CBT was not effective in reducing depression symptoms. However, extended CBT with or without the addition of behaviour strategies resulted in the reduction of depression.Conclusions. Brief CBT-based interventions are not as effective as extended interventions. However, longer programs are associated with higher rates of dropout.