bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of psychosocial factors on breast cancer outcome: a systematic review
Authors: Falagas Matthew E , Zarkadoulia Effie A , Ioannidou Eleni N , Peppas George , Christodoulou Christos , Rafailidis Petros I 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Introduction
We sought to review the available evidence regarding the effect of psychosocial factors on the survival of breast cancer patients.

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify relevant studies.

Results
We identified 31 studies examining the association of various psychosocial parameters with overall breast cancer survival/disease free survival and 6 studies examining whether psychological intervention influences the disease outcome. Of the 31 studies summarized in this overview, 25 (80.6%) showed a statistically significant association between at least one psychosocial variable and disease outcome. Parameters associated with better breast cancer prognosis are social support, marriage, and minimizing and denial, while depression and constraint of emotions are associated with decreased breast cancer survival; however, the role of these factors has not been verified in all studies.

Conclusion
Most of the studies show a significant relationship between psychosocial factors and survival, but the actual psychosocial variables related to survival are not consistently measured across studies and the findings for many of the psychosocial variables with survival/recurrence are not consistent across studies. Thus, more research is warranted regarding the role of social support, marriage, minimizing and denial, depression and constraint of emotions on breast cancer survival.
Water Soluble Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Inclusion Complex of Cyclodextrin with an Adamantane Derivative
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Yamagishi Tada-aki , Nakamoto Yoshiaki , Harada Akira 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were soluble in aqueous media by using host–guest complex between sodium adamantanecarboxylate (AdCNa) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), while SWNTs were insoluble with AdCNa or β-CD.
Synthesis and Helical Structure of Oligo(quinoline-2,3-diyl)s
Authors: Suginome Michinori , Noguchi Hiroyoshi , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Oligo(quinoline-2,3-diyl)s having a terminal bromo group were synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of 5,8-disubstituted 2-bromoquinolin-3-ylboronic acid derivatives, and their helical structures were elucidated by a single-crystal X-ray analysis of the hexamer, UV measurements, and induction of a non-racemic helical sense by introduction of a chiral end group.
Enantioselective Recognition of Calix[5]arene-based Artificial Receptor Bearing Chiral Macrocycle for Chiral Ethyltrimethylammonium Salts
Authors: Haino Takeharu , Fukuoka Hiroyuki , Katayama Masakazu , Fukazawa Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Calix[5]arene-based artificial receptor 1 capped with chiral macrocycle 4 was synthesized and showed strong binding toward ethyltrimethylammonium salts via cation/π and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The calix[5]arene cavity provided the dissymmetric guest-binding environment in which chiral guests 6–14 were encapsulated in an enantioselective fashion.
Outcomes Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in a Heterogeneous Sample of Adult Outpatients
Authors: Ree Melissa J. , Craigie Mark A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT; Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002a) has supported the effectiveness of this approach for use with preventing relapse in recurrent depression. This study evaluated the use of MBCT in a heterogeneous sample of 26 psychiatric outpatients with mood and/or anxiety disorders. Results from both completer and intent to treat analyses showed that MBCT was associated with statistically significant improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms. Rates of clinically significant improvement were comparable with effectiveness studies of cognitive behaviour therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction in heterogeneous samples. It is concluded that MBCT may be of value for a range of psychological presentations, administered in heterogeneous groups. Future, controlled, research is required to further evaluate this conclusion and to investigate mechanisms of change.
Differences in Response to a Hepatitis B Vaccine Booster Dose Among Alaskan Children and Adolescents Vaccinated During Infancy
Authors: Samandari Taraz , Fiore Anthony E. , Negus Susan , Williams James L. , Kuhnert Wendi , McMahon Brian J. , Bell Beth P. 
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND. The duration of protection provided by hepatitis B vaccination is unknown, but the presence of immune memory can be evaluated indirectly by measuring the immune response to a booster dose of vaccine.
METHODS. Participants included 74 adolescents (aged 11.7–14.9 years) who had received a plasma-derived 3-dose primary vaccine series and 138 adolescents (aged 10.0–14.7 years) and 166 children (aged 5.0–7.0 years) who received a recombinant 3-dose primary vaccine series. All were born to hepatitis B surface antigen–negative mothers and had received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 7 days of birth. The proportion of participants with serologic evidence of protective immunity (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen ≥10 mIU/mL) at baseline (prebooster), the proportion who developed an anamnestic response (increase to ≥10 mIU/mL or at or more than fourfold increase in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen to &gt;10 mIU/mL), and the geometric mean concentration by 1, 2, and 4 weeks after a 5-μg recombinant vaccine booster dose were determined.
RESULTS. No participant had evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Overall, 99% of the group of children who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, 83% of the group of adolescents who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and 69% of the group of adolescents who received the plasma-derived vaccine had an anamnestic response to a booster dose; among responders, the geometric mean concentration at 2 weeks postbooster was 3360 and 128 mIU/mL among adolescents who received plasma-derived vaccine with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen ≥10 and &lt;10 mIU/mL at baseline, respectively, compared with 1283 and 369 mIU/mL among adolescents who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and 5091 and 696 mIU/mL for children who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. The anamnestic response rate at 2 weeks postbooster among participants with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen &lt;10 mIU/mL at baseline was inversely associated with age; 97% of 5-year-olds responded compared with 60% of 14-year-olds.
CONCLUSIONS. Although most participants responded to a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine, the significance of the increased proportion of nonresponses among older adolescents might indicate waning immune memory.
Real-time in vivo visualization of oxidative stress in duckweed (Lemna minor L.)
Authors: Razinger Jaka , Drinovec Luka , Zrimec Alexis 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
An experimental set-up which enabled non-invasive, real-time reactive oxygen species (ROS) visualization on a whole plant level was constructed. In the test organism, Lemna minor L. (common duckweed), apoplastic and symplastic oxidative stress was evaluated by exposure to menadione (50 μM), menadione (50 μM) + ascorbate (100 μM) or neither for control. Menadione (50 μM) caused a statistically significant increase in H2DCFDA fluorescence in the apoplast after 60 minutes of exposure. The addition of ascorbate (100 μM) in the test medium significantly decreased apoplastic oxidative stress. 50 μM menadione caused an increase in symplastic H2DCFDA fluorescence in 57% of fronds. The exposure of L. minor plants to both menadione and ascorbate decreased the rate of fluorescence intensity accumulation in the symplast to control levels. The method has proven to be quick and straightforward and could be applied to a range of chemicals in various physiological and toxicological plant studies. The advantages of the set-up and different possible artefacts are discussed.
Charge Transfer Excitons in Bulk Heterojunctions of a Polyfluorene Copolymer and a Fullerene Derivative
Authors: Loi M. A. , Toffanin S. , Muccini M. , Forster M. , Scherf U. , Scharber M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe photophysical properties of blends of fluorene copolymer and the fullerene derivative PCBM are analyzed with a particular attention to photovoltaic applications. The properties of the blends are determined by the relative alignment of the HOMO energy levels. In the blend where the HOMO levels of the copolymer and the fullerene are aligned there is not signature of charge stabilization and photovoltaic effect. While in the blend where there is an offset between the HOMO levels the charge stabilization is accompanied by good photovoltaic performances. The photoluminescence spectrum of the latter blend is characterized by the appearance of a new peak at low energy with a lifetime of a few ns that red‐shifts with the increase of the PCBM percentage. The feature is attributed to the emission from a charge‐transfer exciton that is red‐shifted by the change of dielectric constant of the medium.
Dual‐Activity Controlled Asymmetric Synthesis of Superconducting Lead Hemispheres**
Authors: Lu X. L. , Wang W. , Zhang G. Q. , Li X. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA binary surfactant mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone is used as the tailoring agent in the fabrication of lead micro/nanostructures. Electron microscopy studies indicate that the morphologies of the products can be efficiently controlled in this simple one‐step synthetic procedure. Intriguingly, well‐defined asymmetric functional colloids, Pb hemispheres, are obtained for the first time, and a dual‐activity‐controlled growth process is proposed to explain their formation. The magnetization measurements show that the as‐prepared samples are superconducting with the same transition temperature as bulk Pb. These findings prove the unique morphology tailoring efficacy of mixed surfactants, which could be used to obtain more variform structures or architectures in the fabrication of advanced materials.
Photoemission Electron Microscopy of TiO2 Anatase Films Embedded with Rutile Nanocrystals
Authors: Xiong G. , Shao R. , Droubay T. C. , Joly A. G. , Beck K. M. , Chambers S. A. , Hess W. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPhotoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) excited by X‐ray and UV sources is used to investigate epitaxial anatase thin films with embedded rutile nanocrystals, a model system for the study of heterocatalysis on mixed‐phase TiO2. Both excitation sources show distinct contrast between the two TiO2 phases; however, the contrast is reversed. Rutile nanocrystals appear darker than the anatase film in X‐ray PEEM images but brighter in UV‐PEEM images. We observe that topography‐induced contrast is dominant in X‐ray PEEM imaging, whereas work function and density‐of‐state‐based contrast, dominates in UV‐PEEM. This assertion is confirmed by UPS and conducting AFM data that shows the rutile work function to be 0.2 eV lower and a greater occupied valence band density‐of‐states in rutile (100) than in anatase (001). Since the boundaries between rutile nanocrystals and the anatase film are clearly resolved, these results indicate that PEEM studies of excited state dynamics and heterocatalysis are possible at chemically intriguing mixed‐phase TiO2 interfaces and grain boundaries.
Effects of the vulcanizing reagent addition on the properties of CNTs/SBR powder composites
Authors: Zhou Xiangwen , Zhu Yuefeng , Liang Ji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVulcanizing reagent (VR) suspensions with different sulfur additions were mixed with CNTs suspensions and SBR latex, and then powder CNTs/SBR (PSBR) composites were prepared by spray‐drying process. Investigations showed that VR additions have significant influences on the properties of CNTs/PSBR composites. With the increment of VR additions, glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites increased gradually, and reached the maximum when the sulfur addition was 4.0 phr, and then it would decrease if the sulfur addition continued to rise. The elongation at break of the vulcanizates decreased linearly. The tensile strength and hardness reached the maximum when the sulfur addition was 4.0 phr, and almost kept constant when the addition continued to rise. Yet the tear strength reached the maximum when the addition was of 2.5 phr, and then decreased slightly when the addition exceeded 4.0 phr, which was corresponding to the structure designability of the composites affected by the sulfur aggregates in the matrix. Under different temperatures, when the vulcanizing temperature was 150°C, the vulcanizing speed was proper, vulcanizing time was prolonged, and the vulcanizing security was intensified. Compared with the vulcanization of carbon black/PSBR composites, more sulfur additions are needed in the vulcanization of CNTs/PSBR composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effects of the injection‐molding temperatures and pyrolysis cycles on the butadiene phase of high‐impact polystyrene
Authors: Parres F. , Balart R. , Crespo J. E. , López J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecycling is a thermal process in which polymers are melted to produce new products. It is possible that these thermal processes could modify their mechanical and thermal properties. Polymer degradation can be characterized with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Recycled materials tested with these methods have shown variations in some thermal properties, such as the glass‐transition temperature and thermal degradation onset, but the sensitivity of these methods is not sufficient to investigate the changes in the characteristics of polymers when materials are exposed to moderate temperature conditions or several thermal cycles. To study these structural changes, a much more sensitive technique, such as pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS), is needed. Small variations in the structure can be determined by Py–GC/MS. Each pyrolysis product can be identified by its retention time and mass spectrum with the use of reference literature. In this work, we have studied structural changes in high‐impact polystyrene as a function of the injection‐molding temperature and pyrolysis cycles. The results do not show significant changes in samples processed at different temperatures with Py–GC/MS, but the values of the pyrolysis products differ as a function of the pyrolysis cycles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Preparation and characterization of konjac glucomannan/poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) blend films
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhang Jinhua , Xiao Chaobo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel preservative film was prepared by blending konjac glucomannan (KGM) and poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) in aqueous system. The effects of PDADMAC content on the miscibility, morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the blend films were investigated by density determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile tests. The results of the density determination predicted that the blends of KGM and PDADMAC were miscible when the PDADMAC content was less than 70 wt %. Moreover, SEM and XRD confirmed the result. ATR‐IR showed that strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds interaction occurred between the negative charge groups of KGM and the quaternary ammonium groups of PDADMAC in the blends. The tensile strength and the break elongation of the blends were improved largely to 106.5 MPa and 32.04%, when the PDADMAC content was 20 wt %. The thermal stability of the blends was higher than pure KGM. Results from the film‐coating preservation experiments with lichi and grapes showed that the blend film had excellent water‐holding and preservative ability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis, characterization, and cure reaction of methacrylate‐based multifunctional monomers for dental composites
Authors: Ghaemy Mousa , Heidaripour Maryam , Barghamadi Mohamad 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of 2,2‐bis[(4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl]propane (BHEP) and (1‐methacryloxy‐3‐ethoxymethacryloxy‐2‐hydroxy)propane (MEHP) for use as the monomer phase in dental composites are reported. The monomers were prepared by the reaction of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with diglycidyl‐ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), respectively. The progress of the reaction was followed by measuring the disappearance of the epoxide group peak using FTIR and the structure of the monomers was characterized by 1H‐NMR. BHEP and MEHP have lower viscosity because of the presence of long aliphatic spacer on both sides of the aromatic ring in BHEP and the absence of aromatic rings and the presence of only one hydroxyl group in each molecule of MEHP. Thermal curing of the monomers was conducted in a DSC using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Photopolymerization of the monomers was also conducted with the visible light using camphorquinone and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as the photoinitiating system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Reduction of the Volatile Matter Evolution Rate from a Plastic Pellet during Bubbling Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis by Using Porous Bed Material
Authors: Winaya I. N. S. , Shimizu T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRapid volatile matter evolution from high‐volatile fuels such as wastes and biomass is one of problems associated with fluidized bed incinerators and gasifiers. When volatile matter evolves rapidly in the vicinity of the fuel feed point, the mixing of volatile matter with reactant gas is poor, and therefore, unreacted volatile matter is expected to be released from the reactor. In the present work, reduction of the volatile matter evolution rate was attempted by employing porous solids as bed materials instead of nonporous sand. The effect of bed material on the onset of devolatilization was measured by use of a bench‐scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Volatile matter capture by the porous solids (capacitance effect) and the heat transfer rate within the bed, both of which affect volatile matter evolution rate, were also measured. Four types of porous solids, both with and without capacitance effect, were employed as the bed material. By employing porous solids without capacitance effect, the contributions of reduced heat transfer rate and capacitance effect to the delay of volatile matter evolution can be evaluated separately. For porous bed materials with a moderate capacitance effect (volatile matter capture of up to 20 %), the delay of the onset of devolatilization, which was measured by detecting the flame combustion of the volatile matter, was explained by the lower heat transfer between the fuel and bed. However, for a porous particle with high capacitance effect (volatile matter capture of 30 %), the capacitance effect also affected the delay of the onset of the flame combustion.
Investigation of the Effect of a Dividing Wall in a Moving Bed
Authors: Chen Y.‐H. , Zhu X.‐D. , Wu Y.‐Q. , Zhu Z.‐B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMoving beds are widely used in many scientific fields due to their advantages, but their operation is affected by the phenomena of cavity and pinning, which should be avoided. In this article, a perforated dividing wall was located in a two‐dimensional rectangular moving bed with gas cross‐flow and the effect of the wall on some properties of the moving bed was investigated. Experimental results show that the location of the perforated dividing wall can improve the upper limit of the gas velocity of the moving bed since it prohibits the existence of a cavity and pinning. The dividing wall separates the apparatus into two channels. A cavity forms in the channel close to the upstream face while pinning occurs in the other channel. In comparison to a moving bed without a dividing wall, the cavity size and pinning width in a moving bed with a dividing wall are smaller at the same gas velocity.
Elucidation of Factors Affecting the Electronic Structures of Magnesium(II) and Zinc(II) Tetraarylporphyrin Radical Cations
Authors: Barzilay Claudia M. , Sibilia Sharon A. , Spiro Thomas G. , Gross Zeev 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of magnesium and zinc tetraarylporphyrins and their porphyrinoxidized derivatives were studied by UV/Vis, ESR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy at various temperatures. The series included tetra(meta‐dichlorophenyl)porphyrinatozinc (5), tetra(ortho‐dichlorophenyl)porphyrinatozinc (6), tetra(ortho‐difluorophenyl)porphyrinatozinc and ‐magnesium (9 and 10), and tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinatozinc and ‐magnesium (7 and 8). The radical cations (3a‐10a) were isolated by chemical one‐electron oxidation of their neutral precursors (3‐10). Despite the structural similarity of all these radicals, their electronic ground state varied within the series. The position of the chloro groups was found to play a key role. While the radical cation of the meta‐dichloro‐substituted derivative 5a exhibited A2u spectroscopic features, the ortho‐dichlorophenyl derivative (6a) showed A1u spectral features. Radicals of the fluoro‐substituted porphyrins, especially that of 10, were found to have state‐admixed (A1u/A2u) electronic structures, and the relative contributions of the two states was found to vary with temperature and to depend on the axial ligand. The results indicate that the fluoro‐substituted porphyrins are primarily A2u at low temperature, even though their room temperature spectroscopic features resemble those of A1u cations. The elucidation of factors that affect the electronic structures of the radicals in the present series is helpful in providing a greater understanding of the spin‐spin interactions in the intermediates of heme‐dependant enzymatic reactions and their synthetic analogues.
Synthesis, Reactions, and Molecular Structures of Ethylzinc Enolates of Chiral N‐Substituted β‐Carbonyl Sulfoximines
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Müller Jürgen , Zehnder Margareta , Neuburger Markus A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe preparation, structural characterization, and reactivity of ethylzinc‐containing enolates and organometallics derived from β‐carbonyl sulfoximines are reported. X‐ray crystal structures show significant differences between aggregated species obtained from β‐keto and β‐amido sulfoximines. Whereas the former gives an O‐metalated ethylzinc enolate, the latter crystallizes as C‐metalated carbonyl species. NMR investigations reveal the presence of chelated zinc enolates in solution. The relationship between structure and reactivity is demonstrated by the reaction profiles of the ethylzinc‐containing compounds. A high diastereoselectivity (> 90% de) was observed in the aldol reaction between the metalated β‐amido sulfoximine and benzaldehyde in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride.