bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Reflex Epilepsy (Audiogenic Epilepsy)
Authors: ŠTERC J. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYSome basic questions and the results attained in our laboratory within the last five years are discussed. One of the most common experimental models of reflex epilepsy is the audiogenic epilepsy of rats. In its analysis we have concentrated our attention on the three main epileptogenic factors: stimulus, focus and paroxysmal susceptibility. We have produced epileptogenic foci by alumina cream in the auditory and motor cortical areas, in the colliculus inferior and in the amygdala. The results showed a close functional parallel between manifestations of these foci and the behaviour of naturally epileptic rats.By the method of conditioned reflexes the changes of functional state of the acoustic analyzor were studied during the latent period of the seizure and the sequelae of the seizures were analyzed. The course of the seizure was studied by EEG examination, by analysis of the symptomatology and by testing the temporal changes of paroxysmal susceptibility.RÉSUMÉDiscussion de quelques questions fondamentales et des résultats obtenus dans notre laboratoire au cours des cinq dernières années. L'CARuri des types expérimentaux les plus communs d'carépilepsie réflexe est l'carépilepsie audiogénique des rats. Nous avons, dans cette analyse, concentré toute notre attention sur les trois facteurs épileptogènes principaux: stimulus, foyer et susceptibilité paroxystique. Nous avons provoqué des foyers épileptogènes par de la crème d'alumine placée dans les régions corticales auditives et mo trices, dans les tubercules quadrijumeaux inférieurs et dans les amygdales. Les résultats ont démontré un étroit parallélisme fonctionnel entre les manifestations de ces foyers et le comportement de rats naturellement épileptiques.Les changements de l'carétat fonctionnel de l'caranalyseur auditif ont étéétudiés pendant la période latente des crises par la méthode des réflexes conditionnés; les séquelles des attaques ont été analysées. Le cours des crises a étéétudié au moyen d'examens d'EEG, de l'caranalyse de la symptomatologie et du test des changements temporaux de la susceptibilité paroxystique.
The Problem of Human Reflex Epilepsy and the Possible Role of Masked Epileptogenic Factors
Authors: VIZIOLI R. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYOn the basis of analysis of many typical cases where specific sensory precipitation, of epileptic seizures took place, the role of reflex mechanisms in provocation as well as inhibition of seizures is discussed.RÉSUMÉDiscussion du rôle des mécanismes de réflexe, dans la provocation aussi bien que dans l'inhibition des crises, basee sur l'car'analyse de plusieurs cas typiques, dans lesquels il y avait eu précipitation sensorielle spéciflque de crises épileptiques.
Reflex Influences in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy in the Light of Clinical Statistics
Authors: SERVíT Z. , Machek J. , ŠTERCOVÁ A. , DUDÁŠ D. , Krištof M. , ČErvenková V. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYBy means of statistical processing of anamnestic data of a group of 895 patients it was stated that in approximately 40% one or more activating or inhibitory stimuli were identified which seriously influenced the number of attacks. The activating and inhibitory influences assert themselves in almost the same measure. To the most outstanding aptivating influences belong the neurotizing situation and inactivity, and/or mental and physical relaxation, whereas to the inhibitory factors belongs concentration upon some motor or psychical activity.RÉSUMÉL'Car etude statistique de dates anamnésiques d'un groupe de 895 malades a révélé qu'a peu pres en 40% de ces cas, on a pu identifier un ou plusieurs stimuli activateurs ou inhibiteurs susceptibles d'influencer serieusement le nombre des attaques. Les influences d'activation et d'inhibition se manifestent a peu pres dans la meme mesnre. On compte parmi les influences activatrices les plus importantes la situation neurotisante et l'inactivite, et/ou la relaxation mentale et physique, tandis que la concentration sur une activite psychique ou motriee appartient aux facteurs inhibiteurs.
Aurae and their Role in Reflex Mechanisms of Epileptic Seizures
Authors: HENNER K. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYOur knowledge of aurae has made great progress since the period of the first application of electroencephalography and since the time of Penfield's and Jasper's surgical treatment.The localization of aurae as it has been elaborated during the last 15 years has furnished good results and confirms the reflex mechanisms in the development of the entire seizure. Aurae enable many patients to prevent an on‐coming seizure by various reflex means and perhaps to diminish even the potency of the epileptogenic focus. In this respect, the epileptic susceptibility can also be diminished reflexly and conditionally if the patient has succeeded several times in using this inhibition. In essence we are dealing with a reflex inhibition of reflexes.RÉSUMÉNos connaissances des aurae se sont considérablement augmentées depuis la période de la premiére application de l'carélectroencéphalographie et celle du traitement chirurgical de Penfield et Jasper.La localisation des aurae telle qu'elle a étéétudiée durant les 15 derniéres années, a donné de bons résultats et confirme le rôle du mécanisme réflexe dans le développement de l'carensemble de la crise. Les aurae peuvent aider de nombreux malades à prévenir la venue d'une crise par des moyens réflexes et meme a diminuer, peut‐être, le potentiel du focus épileptogénique. Sous ce rapport, la susceptibilitéépileptique peut être aussi diminuee réflexivement et conditionnellement si le malade a déjà, plusieurs fois, fait usage de cette inhibition. Essentiellement parlant, c'est de l'car in‐hibition réflective de réflexes qu'il s'agit ici.
Blocking of Petit‐mal Attacks by Sensory Arousal and Inhibition of Attacks by an Active Change in Attention during the Epileptic Aura*
Authors: JUNG R. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe blocking effect of sensory arousal and of active attention on epileptic seizures is studied in 200 cases of petit‐mal and 20 cases of grand mal with focal onset. The mechanisms of the seizure block may be similar to desynchronization and reciprocal inhibition of neuronal activity in the cortex during arousal. They may arise from the non‐specific thalamo‐reticular system which is activated by sensory afferents or attention.RÉSUMÉL'effet du blocage d'une excitation sensorielle et de l'attention active dans des crises épileptiques a été observé en 200 cas de petit mal et 20 cas de grand mal ayant eu un début focal. Les mécanismes du blocage pendant la crise peuvent être semblables à une désynchronisation et à une inhibition réciproque de l'activité neuronale dans le cortex durant l'excitation. lis peuvent provenir du système thalamo‐réticulaire non spécifique qui est activé par des afférents sensoriels ou par l'attention.
Paradoxical Lateralization of Parasagittal Sharp Waves in a Patient with Epilepsia Partialis Continua
Authors: Adelman Steven , Lueders Hans , Dinner Dudley S. , Lesser Ronald P. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: We present a patient with epilepsia partialis continua involving the right leg who demonstrated sharp waves paradoxically distributed over the vertex and right hemisphere. Posterior tibial nerve evoked potentials also showed a similar paradoxical lateralization. We postulate that generators situated on the mesial surface of the left hemisphere projected their activity obliquely, leading to paradoxical lateralization of the recorded electrical activity.RÉSUMÉNous présentons un patient ayant une épilepsie partielle continue qui intéressait la jambe droite et chez qui l'on mettait en évidence des “sharp waves” localisées de façon paradoxal sur le vertex et l'hémisphere droit. Les potentiels évoqués du nerf tibial postérieur montraient aussi une latéralisation paradoxale. Nous faisons l‐hypothése que les générateurs situés sur la face mesiale de l'hémisphère gauche projetaient leur aclivité obliquement, conduisant à la lateralisation paradoxale des activités électriques enregistrées.RESUMENSe presenta un pacienta con epilepsia parcial continua afectando a la pierna derecha que presentaba ondas agudas distribuídas de modo paradójico en el vertex y en el hemisferio derecho. Los potenciales evocados tras estímulos del nervio tibial posterior también demostraron una lateralización paradójica similar. Nosotros postulamos que ciertos generadores situados en la superficie medial del hemisferio izquierdo proyectan su actividad oblicuamente lo que conduce a una lateralización paradójica de la actividad eléctrica registrada.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWir berichten über einen Patienten mit Epilepsia partialis continua, die das rechte Bein betraf. Der Patient zeigte sharp waves die paradoxerweise über dem Vertex und der rechten Hemisphäre auftraten. Evozierte Potentiale vom N. tibialis posterior zeigten ebenfalls eine paradoxe Lateralisation. Wir folgern, daß Generatoren, die an der mesialen Oberfläche der linken Hemisphäre sitzen ihre Aktivität so projezieren, daß sie zur paradoxen Lateralisation führt.
Alcohol in a Social Context: Findings From Event‐Contingent Recording Studies of Everyday Social Interactions
Authors: Aan Het Rot Marije , Russell Jennifer J. , Moskowitz Debbie S. , Young Simon N. 
Published: February 2008

Background:  Data concerning the effects of alcohol on social interaction in everyday life are limited.Methods:  Healthy volunteers in 4 studies of social behaviors and mood were instructed to complete record forms immediately after a social interaction had occurred, a method known as event‐contingent recording. Record forms asked questions about quarrelsome, agreeable, dominant, and submissive behaviors; about aspects of mood; and, in 3 studies, about perceptions of others. Each form also contained a question about alcohol consumption prior to a social interaction. For the present report, only social interactions taking place in the evening and outside the work setting were included. Only individuals who consumed alcohol at least once in these circumstances were included (n = 171).Results:  Social interactions involving alcohol were primarily characterized by higher levels of agreeable behaviors, by perceptions of greater agreeableness in others, and by more positive mood. Alcohol consumption was not associated with higher levels of quarrelsomeness.Conclusions:  Alcohol consumption in a social context may have predominantly positive effects, an observation which is at odds with most alcohol‐induced aggression experiments performed in laboratory settings. Drinking in everyday life may be less likely to result in aggression because, unlike in most laboratory experiments, individuals can choose among a variety of behaviors in response to social cues and the alcohol dose consumed is usually lower. Event‐contingent recording provides a new approach for the study of alcohol’s effects in everyday life and the conditions in which alcohol might result in interpersonal aggression.
Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption in the United States: Quantity, Frequency, and Cause‐Specific Mortality
Authors: Breslow Rosalind A. , Graubard Barry I. 
Published: February 2008

Background:  Alcohol average volume (quantity multiplied by frequency) has been associated with mortality in drinkers. However, average volume may mask associations due to quantity or frequency alone.Methods:  We prospectively assessed relationships between alcohol quantity and frequency, and mortality from all‐causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other‐causes in a cohort created by linking the 1988 National Health Interview Survey (response rate 87%) to the National Death Index through 2002. Participants were 20,765 current drinkers age ≥ 18 years. At 14‐year follow‐up 2,547 had died.Results:  For quantity, among men who consumed ≥5 drinks (compared to 1 drink) on drinking days, adjusted relative risks (RR) of mortality were: for cardiovascular disease, 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.75; p for linear trend (p‐trend) = 0.0295], for cancer, 1.53 (95% CI 1.11–2.09; p‐trend = 0.0026), and for other‐causes, 1.42 (95% CI 1.08–1.87; p‐trend = 0.0029); among women for other‐causes, 2.88 (95% CI 1.61–5.12; p‐trend = 0.0010). For frequency, among men in the highest frequency quartile (compared to the lowest), RR were: for cardiovascular disease, 0.79 (95% CI 0.63–0.99; p‐trend = 0.0330), for cancer, 1.23 (95% CI 0.95–1.59; p‐trend = 0.0461), and for other‐causes, 1.30 (95% CI 1.01–1.67; p‐trend = 0.0070); among women, for cancer, 1.65 (95% CI 1.12–2.45, p‐trend = 0.0031). Average volume obscured effects of quantity alone and frequency alone, particularly for cardiovascular disease in men where quantity and frequency trended in opposite directions.Conclusions:  Alcohol quantity and frequency were independently associated with cause‐specific mortality. Accumulating evidence of their differential effects may, in the future, be useful for clinical and public health recommendations.
Effects of Alcohol Consumption on the Allergen‐Specific Immune Response in Mice
Authors: Linneberg Allan , Roursgaard Martin , Hersoug Lars‐Georg , Larsen Søren Thor 
Published: February 2008

Background:  There is evidence that chronic alcohol consumption impairs the T‐helper 1 (Th1) lymphocyte‐regulated cell‐mediated immune response possibly favoring a Th2 deviation of the immune response. Moreover, a few epidemiological studies have linked alcohol consumption to allergen‐specific IgE sensitization.Objective:  To investigate the effects of alcohol consumption on the allergen‐specific immune response in mice.Methods:  BALB/cJBomTac mice were immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) using a low dose sensitization protocol. Throughout the experiment, mice were kept on isocalorical liquid diets containing 0 to 6.2% ethanol. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of ethanol was based on measurements of total serum IgE, as well as OVA‐specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a. Furthermore, levels of OVA‐induced interleukin (IL)‐4 and interferon‐γ were determined in ex vivo splenocyte cultures.Results:  Alcohol intake decreased the level of OVA‐specific IgG2a in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas high levels of alcohol markedly increased the level of total IgE, but not OVA‐specific IgE. Th1 suppression was supported by the cytokine profile.Conclusions:  Alcohol consumption induced a marked decrease in markers of the Th1‐type allergen‐specific immune response and an increase in total serum IgE. In this model, there was no effect of alcohol on OVA‐specific IgE. Studies using other routes of immunization may be warranted.
Level of Response to Alcohol Within the Context of Alcohol‐Related Domains: An Examination of Longitudinal Approaches Assessing Changes Over Time
Authors: Trim Ryan S. , Schuckit Marc A. , Smith Tom L. 
Published: February 2008

Background:  The manner in which a low level of response (LR) to alcohol relates to domains that enhance the risk for heavy drinking has traditionally been studied through cross‐sectional models. However, many of the relevant domains, such as the maximum number of drinks consumed in 24 hours (MAXDRINK) and drinking among peers (PEER) typically decrease across adulthood. This study evaluated whether a person’s LR to alcohol predicted alcohol‐related domains at multiple time‐points and examined longitudinal relations among these domains in a sample of probands from the San Diego Prospective Study.Methods:  LR to alcohol was assessed in 174 male probands from the San Diego Prospective Study at baseline (T1), and measures of MAXDRINK, PEER, and drinking to cope (COPE) were collected at the 15‐year (T15), T20, and T25 follow‐ups.Results:  A low LR to alcohol at T1 predicted higher levels of MAXDRINK and COPE at T15, consistent with prior studies. Using latent growth curve models, higher levels of T15 MAXDRINK predicted less decreases in PEER drinking over time. Additional analyses found a time‐specific effect of T20 COPE on T25 MAXDRINK even after accounting for the growth factors of both domains.Conclusion:  These evaluations illustrate that LR prospectively predicted relevant outcomes, and clarify how alcohol‐related domains related to each other as the probands progressed through middle adulthood. Treatment implications are discussed and drinking to cope may be an important intervention target for problematic alcohol use.
Modified Hygienic Epitec System Abutment for Magnetic Retention of Orbital Prostheses
Authors: Yoshida Kazuya , Takagi Akira , Tsuboi Yoichi , Bessho Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMaintenance of healthy periimplant soft tissue is a significant problem for orbital prosthesis wearers. Two female patients with orbital defects after malignant tumor resection were treated using custom‐made retentive components of an individual magnet for an Epitec System orbital prosthesis. Freestanding hygienic retentive components for an individual magnet were fabricated. An abutment replica was trimmed and modified, and using pattern resin, a magnetic keeper was cast and soldered to the abutment. The patients could maintain good hygiene and healthy periimplant soft tissue. This type of freestanding retentive component may be advantageous for the hygiene maintenance of periimplant soft tissue.
Effect of Ischemia on Implantable Defibrillator Intracardiac Shock Electrograms
Authors: WILLIAMS JEFFREY L. , STUART MENDENHALL G. , SABA SAMIR 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Few attempts have been made to extract information from the ventricular electrogram (EGM) recorded by implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) aside from the discrimination of supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia. The current study aims to examine the effect of ischemia in the major coronary artery distributions on the shock EGM from ICDs. Methods: Domestic crossbred pigs (n = 10, 20–40 kg) were implanted with a dual‐coil right ventricular defibrillation system. Through the femoral approach, percutaneous balloon occlusion of the major coronary arteries was performed. The left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary (RCA) arteries were occluded in random order for 3–5 minutes with 30‐minute periods of reperfusion in between and the shock EGMs were recorded and analyzed. Results: During peak ischemia, R wave amplitude increased by a mean of 204.3% (P = 0.003), increased by a mean of 73.8% (P = 0.0009), and decreased by a mean of 28.0% (P = 0.109) in the LAD, LCx, and RCA territories, respectively. During peak ischemia ST segments elevated by a mean of 105.3% (P = 0.041), elevated by a mean of 114.9% (P = 0.064), and decreased by a mean of 584.5% (P = 0.006) in the LAD, LCx, and RCA territories, respectively. Conclusions: Ischemia affects ICD shock EGMs in a manner that appears to vary depending on the culprit vessel. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of ischemia detection from ICD shock EGMs.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Arterial Phase 64‐Slice Multidetector CT Angiography for Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: GOTTLIEB ILAN , PINHEIRO AURÉLIO , BRINKER JEFF A. , CORRETTI MARY C. , MAYER SUSAN A. , BLUEMKE DAVID A. , LIMA JOAO A.C. , MARINE JOSEPH E. , BERGER RONALD D. , CALKINS HUGH , ABRAHAM THEODORE P. , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Multidetector CT (MDCT) is used prior to atrial fibrillation ablation (AFA) to anatomically guide ablation procedures. Whether 64‐slice MDCT also can be used to diagnose left atrial thrombus is not known. Methods: We sought to determine the accuracy and interobserver variability of MDCT in the evaluation of left atrial thrombus prior to AFA. We enrolled 50 patients scheduled for AFA who underwent 64‐slice MDCT scan and transesophageal echocardiography prior to the procedure. Three experienced observers reviewed all the MDCT images for the presence of a left atrial thrombus, and two different readers interpreted the transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE), which were used as the gold standard. All observers were blinded to clinical data and each other. Results: Interobserver variability between the three MDCT readers was poor (highest kappa statistic 0.43, P = 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy was highly variable, with sensitivities ranging from 100% to 50% and specificities ranging from 85% to 44%. TEE reader agreement was 98%. Conclusion: MDCT demonstrates high interobserver variability and has only modest diagnostic accuracy for the detection of left atrial thrombus in patients undergoing AFA procedure. Potential factors affecting the accuracy of MDCT include image quality and the difficulty of distinguishing clot from pectinate muscle. MDCT likely is not the optimal method to detect left atrial thrombus using current techniques and standards of interpretation.
Complications Associated with Generator Replacement in Response to Device Advisories
Authors: COSTEA ALEXANDRU , RARDON DAVID P. , PADANILAM BENZY J. , FOGEL RICHARD I. , PRYSTOWSKY ERIC N. 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Device recalls create problems for patients and physicians, for the risks associated with replacement may be greater than the device failure rate. In 2005, Medtronic, Guidant, and St. Jude had implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recalls on several of their devices. There were no national standards to guide physicians on the management of such patients. We report the reasons for and outcomes of ICD and pacemaker generator changes from our practice resulting from these advisories. Methods and Results: After an advisory was issued, the patients with an affected device were contacted, evaluated in the office by one of the electrophysiologists in our group, and a management plan was determined. Two hundred and twenty‐two of 1,039 (Medtronic 273, Guidant 766) (21.4%) patients with advisory devices underwent device replacement. Nine minor complications occurred: hematoma managed conservatively (n = 6); local discomfort (n = 1); and incisional infections treated successfully with oral antibiotics (n = 2). Major complications occurred in nine patients (4.1%). Four atrial leads were damaged, two of which were repaired, one during the same procedure and the other at a later date. One patient required a reoperation to tighten a loose ventricular lead set screw. Hematoma requiring evacuation occurred in one patient, and pocket revision was necessary in two patients secondary to severe discomfort due to the positioning of the device in the pocket. One patient had a cerebrovascular accident preoperatively. There were no perioperative deaths or infections requiring system removal. Conclusion: Even with experienced operators complications can occur when replacing generators for a device recall. Careful risk assessment for each individual patient should be performed and efforts made to minimize generator changes.