bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of lymphoid tumors in hamsters by direct implantation of normal human peripheral and umbilical cord leukocytes
Authors: Miyoshi I. , Kubonishi I. , Uchida H. , Hiraki S. , Matsuda Y. , Tanaka T. , Hiraki K. , Masuji H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral leukocytes from Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐seropositive or seronegative normal adults, or human umbilical cord leukocytes infected or not infected with EBV, were directly transplanted into 50 newborn hamsters treated with anti‐lymphocyte serum. Lymphoid tumors were produced after a latent period of 10–25 days in 39 animals: 8 of 14 recipients of seropositive donor leukocytes, 2 of 2 recipients of seronegative donor leukocytes, 13 of 15 recipients of EBV‐infected cord leukocytes, and 16 of 19 recipients of non‐infected cord leukocytes. EBV‐determined nuclear antigen‐positive human lymphoblastoid cell lines were established in vitro from tumors produced with seropositive donor leukocytes or EBV‐infected cord leukocytes but not from tumors produced with seronegative donor leukocytes or non‐infected cord leukocytes. The results indicate that EBV is not a prerequisite for in vivo production of tumors but necessary for in vitro establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from such tumors.
Serum dependence of expression of the transformed phenotype: Experiments with subline of mouse L fibroblasts adapted to growth in serum‐free medium
Authors: Bershadsky A. D. , Guelstein V. I. , Vasiliev J. M. , Gelfand V. I. , Gelfand I. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCharacteristics of LSF cells grown in serum‐containing and serum‐free medium were compared. LSF is a subline of the L‐strain of mouse transformed fibroblasts adapted to continuous growth in serum‐free medium. Proliferation of LSF cells in monolayer on solid substratum was almost similar in serum‐containing and in serum‐free media. However, several other characters were found to be altered by the addition of serum to the serum‐free medium: ability of cells to form colonies in semi‐solid medium increased considerably; agglutinability of cells by Concanavalin A increased; uptake of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose by the cells increased considerably; ability of cells to metabolize benzo (a)pyrene was inhibited; cell morphology was altered and, in particular, the cells became less spread on the substratum and density of microvilli on the cell surface increased. All these changes induced by serum were reversed by transfer of the cells back into serum‐free medium. Thus, addition of serum increased the expression of a number of cellular traits characteristic of transformed phenotype, while in serum‐free medium partial phenotypic reversion of transformation was observed. A possible role of serum in the expression of the transformed phenotype is discussed. It is pointed out that cell lines adapted to growth in serum‐free medium provide an experimental system convenient for analysis of the effects of different serum components on the cell phenotype.
Selective suppression of t‐cell activity in tumor‐bearing mice and its improvement by lentinan, a potent anti‐tumor polysaccharide
Authors: Haba Seiji , Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Takatsu Kiyoshi , Kitagawa Masayasu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cellular site of immunosuppression in Ehrlich tumor‐bearing mice was analysed with particular reference to the T‐ and B‐cell activities. The B‐cell activity as measured by the anti‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody responses to DNP‐thymus‐independent carriers (TID) was not impaired in tumor‐bearing mice as compared with normal mice, whereas the anti‐DNP antibody responses to DNP‐thymus‐dependent carriers (TD) and the development of helper T‐cell activity to TD were markedly suppressed in tumor‐bearing animals or mice pretreated with cell‐free cancerous ascitic fluid. The selective suppression of T‐cell response was not mediated by the generation of suppressor cell activity toward TD, which may depress the manifestation of developed helper T‐cell activity. A marked suppression of T‐cell response was observed when the animals were inoculated with tumor cells or injected with cancerous ascitic fluid prior to antigenic stimulation, but not when the animals were rendered tumor‐bearing by such treatments after the immunization. The suppression of T‐cell activity in both sarcoma 180 tumor‐bearing mice and cell‐free Ehrlich cancerous ascitic fluid‐treated mice was prevented by treatment with lentinan, a potent anti‐tumor polysaccharide. The applicability of this experimental system to the search for immunopotentiators relevant to tumor immunotherapy is discussed in the light of the preventive effect of lentinan on the suppression of T‐cell response in tumor‐bearing animals.
Tumor bound immunoglobulins: The relationship between the in vivo coating of tumor cells by potentially cytotoxic anti‐tumor antibodies, and the expression of immune complex receptors
Authors: Braslawsky Gary , Ran Maya , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study we investigated the relationship between binding of anti‐tumor antibodies by polyoma‐virus‐induced SEYF‐a tumor cells and the expression of immune‐complex receptors on these cells. It was shown that in vivo propagated cells became progressively coated with IgG. The increase in the IgG coating of SEYF‐a cells, occurring during the second week of propagation, was directly correlated with an increase in the coating of cells with potentially cytotoxic anti‐tumor antibodies. The activity of these antibodies was demonstrated by cell lysis following addition of exogenous complement. Cell populations propagated in vivo for longer periods (3 weeks or more) became less sensitive to exogenous complement although their IgG coating remained high, and although higher titers of anti‐tumor antibodies could be eluted from them. This indicated that antibodies coating young tumor cell populations have the capacity to activate complement whereas those coating older tumor cell populations are incapable of complement activation. Previous findings that SEYF‐a cell populations are able to bind unrelated immune complexes were confirmed in the present study. We also found that the capacity of these populations to bind such unrelated complexes decreased with propagation time in vivo. The involvement of anti‐tumor antibodies in this phenomenon was indicated by the finding that such antibodies inhibited binding of unrelated immune complexes by young cells but not by old cells. Furthermore, treatments causing dissociation of Ig from the cell surface restored, to some extent, the capacity of anti‐tumor antibodies to inhibit immune complex binding by old SEYF‐a populations.
Impaired general cell‐mediated immune functions in vivo and in vitro in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chan S. H. , Chew T. S. , Goh E. H. , Simons M. J. , Shanmugaratnam K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGeneral cell‐mediated immune (CMI) functions in NPC patients were investigated by the in vitro Mantoux and in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA assays. Thirty‐eight (50%) of 76 untreated NPC patients were hyporesponsive in the Mantoux assay compared to 27 (25%) of 110 control patients. Forty‐three (65.2%) of 66 untreated NPC patients also showed lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to PHA compared to 15 (15.5%) of 97 control patients. Combined deficiencies were observed in 35 (42.2%) of 83 NPC patients compared to only 2 (3.3%) of 61 control patients. No difference in the frequency of immuno‐deficiency was observed between “early” and “late” disease patients. CMI functions of treated “remission” NPC patients were found to be impaired to the same extent as those of untreated NPC patients.
Cryopreservation of human lymphocyte function as measured by in vitro assays
Authors: Oldham R. K. , Dean J. H. , Cannon G. B. , Ortaldo J. R. , Dunston G. , Applebaum F. , McCoy J. L. , Djeu J. , Herberman R. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethods are described by which cryopreserved cells can be utilized in a number of in vivo assays. On a per cell basis, nearly total recovery of function can be demonstrated for lymphocyte transformation (mitogens, antigens and MLC) and rosette‐forming cells. Excellent recovery of mononuclear cell production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor was also observed. Highly reproducible activity was recovered on a per lymphocyte basis in lymphocyte cytotoxicity but with a definite decrement in the percentage recovery. Both for longitudinal studies of immune function and for standardization of these assays in one or more laboratories such cryopreserved cells are of immense value and should be widely utilized.
Isolation from human gastric juice of an antigen closely related to the carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Vuento Matti , Engvall Eva , Seppälä Markku , Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA carcinoembryonic antigen‐like antigen(s) (CELIA) was isolated from normal human gastric juice by immunoadsorbents and gel chromatography. The isolated CELIA reacted identically to CEA in immunodiffusion tests against anti‐CEA and anti‐CELIA. Other experiments suggested subtle differences between CELIA and CEA. Two out of six CELIA preparations tested in immunodiffusion did not react in a completely identical manner with CEA. In gel filtration, CELIA eluted slightly after CEA. Absorption of anti‐CEA with CELIA resulted in antisera with greatly reduced reactivity to CELIA, but retained anti‐CEA activity. Such antisera may be helpful in attempts to increase the cancer specificity of the CEA test.
Interactions of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) with isolated lymphocytes. III. Alterations of splenic B and T cells in friend virus‐infected mice
Authors: Cerny Jan , Essex Myron , Thomas D. Brian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid tissues of mice infected with murine leukemia virus (Friend) (MuLV‐F) were examined for the presence of cellular markers of MuLV‐F infection. The Friend virus‐associated cell membrane antigen (FVMA) and the virus group‐specific antigen (GSA) were detectable on cells from the spleen and, to a lesser degree, on cells from the bone‐marrow. In contrast, neither FVMA nor GSA was found in cells from the thymus. Alterations in the B‐cell and T‐cell spleen populations of MuLV‐F‐infected mice were then studied. The proportion of Ig‐positive cells declined from the initial 45% (in non‐infected controls) to about 10% after 2 weeks of infection. A similar decline of theta‐positive cells was noted. However, complement‐receptor‐bearing cells (EAC rosettes) declined even more rapidly and became undetectable in the second week after infection. The treatment of spleen cells from MuLV‐F‐infected mice with anti‐FVMA serum plus complement in vitro reduced the number of detectable Ig‐positive cells, specifically, whereas the number of theta‐positive cells remained unchanged. Furthermore, B and T cells from spleens of infected mice were separated on an affinity column with anti‐Ig antibody‐coated beads. The initial cell suspension contained about 45% FVMA‐positive cells, about 40% Ig‐positive cells and about 40% theta‐positive cells. Ig+ cells were retained on the column. The theta‐positive cell fraction was collected in the eluate and contained very few FVMA‐positive cells with some “null” cells. Most of the FVMA‐positive cells were retained on the column, which strongly suggested that they were B cells. These results confirm the previous experiments which showed the selective infections of purified splenic B cells by MuLV‐F in cultu.
Augmented immunogenicity of tumor cell membranes produced by surface budding viruses: Parameters of optimal immunization
Authors: Gillette Ronald W. , Boone Charles W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMembranes prepared from tumor cells infected with surface budding viruses are much more immunogenic than membranes from uninfected tumor cells. Factors affecting immunization with membranes from virusinfected tumor cells were studied. Preparations made with influenza virus were clearly superior to those prepared with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Membranes infected with VSV were maximally immunogenic at a dose equivalent to a 10% cell pack whereas influenza‐virus‐infected membranes were immunogenic at 1/100th of this dose. Subcutaneous inoculation was better than other routes of administration. Maximum protection against challenge with viable tumor cells was afforded by two inoculations of VSV‐infected membranes spaced 3 days apart or a single inoculation with influenza‐virus‐infected membranes. Administration of membranes in complete Freund's adjuvant either had no effect or induced a slight degree of tumor enhancement. Immunization with influenza‐virus‐infected membranes significantly reduced tumor size and incidence even at a challenge dose of tumor cells which was 50 times the LD100.
Design of experiments using the microcytotoxicity assay
Authors: Brown Joseph P. , Van Belle Gerald , Hellström Ingegerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExamination of data from the microcytotoxicity assay revealed that the number of surviving target cells varies systematically both between microtest plates and within plates. If the layout of treatments on the plate is not planned carefully, these effects decrease precision and introduce bias. It is recommended that treatments which are to be compared be placed close together on the plate; for example, a plate with 96 wells might be considered as 24 blocks of 4 wells, with the treatments placed within these blocks. Data can be analyzed by means of paired t‐tests or randomized block analysis of variance. These design changes remove the effect of systematic variation and increase the precision of the assay.
Murine neuroblastoma clones with varying degrees of C‐type virus expression
Authors: Wivel Nelson A. , Yang Stringner S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree tissue culture clones of neuroblastoma cells derived from the C‐1300 tumor in strain A/J mice were found to contain type‐C virus‐specific gs antigen. None of the clones spontaneously released mousetropic type‐C viruses although one clone, N‐4, spontaneously released a xenotropic virus. Two clones, NB‐2A and N‐4, could be induced by treatment with 5‐iododeoxyuridine and dexamethasone phosphate to produce B‐tropic type‐C virus, but clone N‐18 failed to release either ecotropic or xenotropic virus under several different induction conditions. Karyotype analysis did not reveal specific chromosome deletions in clone N‐18.
Serologically detectable specific and cross‐reactive antigens on the membrane of a polyoma virus‐induced murine tumor
Authors: Witz Isaac P. , Lee Nora , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the aid of an assay measuring complement dependent cytotoxicity mediated by syngeneic antibodies, we performed a serological analysis of surface antigens of a polyoma‐virus‐induced murine tumor (SEYF‐a). In vivo propagated SEYF‐a ascites tumor cells expressed a specific membrane antigen in addition to various other cross‐reacting antigens. Among these we could identify at least four separate specificities. Two of these were present on Mu LV‐induced lymphoma cells, the first on Moloney‐virus‐induced YAC cells and the second on Gross‐virus‐induced GHA cells. The third cross‐reacting antigen was detected on EL‐4 cells. At least one additional specificity was present on two methylcholanthreneinduced murine sarcomas. Normal syngeneic lymphoid cells were insensitive to cytotoxicity mediated by the anti‐tumor antisera. Quantitative and perhaps also qualitative differences between the antigenic expression of in vivo propagated and cultured SEYF‐a cells were indicated. These studies show that hyperimmune sera produced in syngeneic mice against transplanted tumors may contain a considerable number of antibody specificities, only some of which are specific for the tumor. Furthermore the results also suggest that polyoma‐virus‐induced tumors may possess individually distinct antigenic specificities, over and above the known cross‐reacting TSTA or TSSA type antigen.
The distribution and fate of blood‐borne 125 iudr‐labelled tumour cells in immune syngeneic rats
Authors: Proctor J. W. , Auclair B. G. , Rudenstam C. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiolabelled sarcoma cells injected into the tail veins of normal rats were held up almost exclusively in the lung, and were not observed to pass through into the systemic circulation. Intramuscularly injected tumour cells were retained at the site of injection. Radioactivity was lost from both sites though more rapidly from the lung than from muscular tissue and was probably the result of tumour‐cell death. Alveolar macrophages did not take part in the destruction of tumour cells in the lung. There was an increased rate of radiolabel loss from the lungs of hyperimmune, post excision and tumour‐bearing rats, as compared with normal rats. The destruction was immunologically specific; it was detected earlier, was more comprehensive in the hyperimmune and post‐excision animals than in tumour‐bearing animals, and correlated with the ability of the hyperimmune and post‐excision animals to reject larger numbers of intravenous unlabelled tumour cells, than the tumour‐bearing rats.
Leukocyte migration inhibition by cancer patients' sera
Authors: Cochran A. J. , Mackie R. M. , Ross C. E. , Ogg L. J. , Jackson A. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 38 of 89 melanoma patients, 4 of 15 patients with other cancers and 3 of 43 control donors inhibited the migration of autologous leukocytes. Sera from patients with clinically detectable metastatic disease and from the recipients of BCG were most frequently inhibitory. Autologous sera from 31 of 71 melanoma patients and 3 of 31 control donors increased the leukocyte migration inhibition induced by formalinized melanoma cells. This activity occurred in sera from patients at all stages of malignancy, whether bearing detectable tumour or not and whether receiving BCG or not. Abrogation of tumour‐cell‐induced leukocyte migration inhibition by serum was less frequent, occurring with 8 of 71 melanoma patients (6 Stage III, 1 Stage I and 1 Stage II) and no control sera. Preincubation of formalinized tumour cells had no effect on their activity in the leukocyte migration assay but the preincubation of melanoma leukocytes with either autologous serum or foetal calf serum inhibited leukocyte reactivity in around 50% of tests. However, this was also seen with control leukocytes and the effect appears to be immunologically non‐specific.
Search for anti‐tumor response in a bone tumor patient with a long clinical history
Authors: Vánky F. , Klein E. , Cornain S. , Bakács T. , Stjernswärd J. , Nilsonne U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunological studies are presented on a patient with a long clinical history suggesting the existence of a tumor‐specific immune response. His tumor, first considered benign, progressed to a highly malignant osteosarcoma. Cell‐mediated immune reactivity against biopsy cells and against tumor extract was detected in vitro by the autologous tumor stimulation test (ATS) and in vitro by the skin test. In one ATS‐test with tumor extract, blastogenesis of T‐cells was demonstrated. The amount of Ig(s) in consecutive biopsies increased. Biopsies taken in the later period of the disease stimulated only after trypsin treatment. This stimulation was inhibited by autologous serum or acid eluate of the biopsy. The inhibitory factor in the serum was not intact immunoglobulin. Blood lymphocytes did not show a discriminatory or disease‐related cytotoxicity, either directly or after co‐cultivation with the tumor material. Lymphocytes isolated from one biopsy were non‐reactive in both the ATS and the cytotoxicity test.
An examination of the immunology of cancer patients
Authors: Cochran Alistair J. , Mackie Rona M. , Grant Robert M. , Ross Catherine E. , Connell Margaret D. , Sandilands Gavin , Whaley Keith , Hoyle Deirdre E. , Jackson Alan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have examined 111 cancer patients and 111 control individuals for general immunocompetence (haematological values, “recall” antigen skin tests, PHA and PPD induced lymphocyte transformation, serum Ig levels and lymphocyte subpopulations), for evidence of sensitisation to tumour‐associated anti‐tigens (leucocyte migration test, serum inhibition of autologous leucocyte migration, lymphocytotoxicity, membrane immunofluorescence and immune adherence) and for evidence of continuing immune reactions (alterations of complement components and anti‐complementary activity). Major differences between the cancer patients and controls were demonstrated by several tests of sensitisation and these also detected differences between patients with and without metastases. The only differences detected between cancer patients and controls by the tests of general immunocompetence were in serum IgG and IgA (higher in the cancer patients) and lymphocyte subpopulations (“active” T, autorosetting lymphocytes and lymphocytes forming “super‐rosettes” increased in cancer patients). In a comparison of cancer patients with and without metastases, patients with metastases were less often reactive to the Candida DHS and streptokinase‐streptodornase antigens and had raised circulating Fc positive cells. Abnormalities of the individual components of complement occurred in about half the cancer patients, but were equally common in those with and without metastases. Serum anti‐complementary activity was very rarely detected. The tests of specific sensitisation correlated reasonably well but correlations of tests of general immunocompetence were infrequent.
Importance of progesterone in DNA synthesis of pregnancy‐dependent mammary tumors in mice
Authors: Yanai Reiko , Nagasawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHormone responsiveness of pregnancy‐independent mammary tumors in SHN mice and pregnancy‐dependent tumors in GR/A mice and in F1‐hybrids between these strains was studied. Force‐bred female mice with palpable mammary tumors were given subcutaneous injections of several hormones singly or in combination twice daily from 1 day before to 1 day after parturition. One group received a graft of three pituitary glands under the kidney capsule (3AP) during days 12–14 of pregnancy. One day after parturition, the in vitro incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into DNA of normal and neoplastic mammary glands was determined as the index of DNA synthesis. Plasma prolactin in some groups of GR/A mice was assayed by radioimmunoassay. In GR/A mice, estradiol benzoate (EB: 0.5 μg × 2/day) or 3AP had no effect on either normal glands or tumors, despite an increase in plasma prolactin level. Progesterone (P: 100 or 1,000 μg × 2/day) significantly increased DNA synthesis of both normal and neoplastic glands when compared to the controls, while the plasma prolactin level in this group was low. The administration of human placental lactogen (HPL: 100 μg × 2/day) stimulated DNA synthesis of normal glands only. P plus HPL promoted DNA synthesis of tumors more than P alone, but not P plus EB. While DNA synthesis of the tumors of SHN was never affected by these hormone treatments, the hormone responsiveness of tumors of F1‐hybrids was almost the same as that of GR/A mice; the effect of P was prominent. Correlation of DNA synthesis between pregnancy‐dependent mammary tumors and normal glands was significant only in groups treated with P alone or in combination with other hormones.