bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding operon architecture using LEGO bricks
Authors: Hammond-Weinberger Dena R. , Lennon Christopher W. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Many undergraduates struggle to interpret abstract concepts in molecular biology. Modeling can facilitate learning by making these abstract concepts tangible. Here, we present an exercise based on the
lac
operon designed for undergraduate students using LEGO bricks. The
lac
operon is a classic example of transcriptional regulation taught in a variety of undergraduate biology courses and is fundamental to understanding the regulation of gene expression. This easy-to-implement active learning exercise demonstrates how the various components of the
lac
operon are oriented under a variety of nutritional conditions to control gene expression. In addition, higher-order concepts, such as the effect of mutation on
lac
operon expression, can be readily modeled. Overall, students not only found this exercise to be enjoyable but also helpful as a tool to engage with this course material.
Interplay between group A
Streptococcus
and host innate immune responses
Authors: Su Marcia Shu-Wei , Cheng Yi-Lin , Lin Yee-Shin , Wu Jiunn-Jong 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY

Group A
Streptococcus
(GAS), also known as
Streptococcus pyogenes
, is a clinically well-adapted human pathogen that harbors rich virulence determinants contributing to a broad spectrum of diseases. GAS is capable of invading epithelial, endothelial, and professional phagocytic cells while evading host innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, selective autophagy, light chain 3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammation. However, without a more complete understanding of the different ways invasive GAS infections develop, it is difficult to appreciate how GAS survives and multiplies in host cells that have interactive immune networks. This review article attempts to provide an overview of the behaviors and mechanisms that allow pathogenic GAS to invade cells, along with the strategies that host cells practice to constrain GAS infection. We highlight the counteractions taken by GAS to apply virulence factors such as streptolysin O, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidase, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B as a hindrance to host innate immune responses.
Did the COVID-19 pandemic affect levels of burnout, anxiety and depression among doctors and nurses in Bangladesh? A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Hutchings Hayley Anne , Rahman Mesbah , Carter Kymberley , Islam Saiful , O'Neill Claire , Roberts Stephen , John Ann , Fegan Greg , Dave Umakant , Hawkes Neil , Ahmed Faruque , Hasan Mahmud , Azad Abul Kalam , Rahman Md Mujibur , Kibria Md Golam , Rahman M Masudur , Mia Titu , Akhter Mahfuza , Williams John G 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionCOVID-19 has caused severe disruption to clinical services in Bangladesh but the extent of this, and the impact on healthcare professionals is unclear. We aimed to assess the perceived levels of anxiety, depression and burnout among doctors and nurses during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe undertook an online survey using RedCap, directed at doctors and nurses across four institutions in Bangladesh (The Sheikh Russel Gastro Liver Institute & Hospital (SRNGIH), Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Mugda Medical College Hospital (MMCH) and M Abdur Rahim Medical College (MARMC) Hospital). We collected information on demographics, awareness of well-being services, COVID-19-related workload, as well as anxiety, depression and burnout using two validated questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).ResultsOf the 3000 participants approached, we received responses from 2705 (90.2%). There was a statistically significant difference in anxiety, depression and burnout scores across institutions (p<0.01). Anxiety, depression and burnout scores were statistically worse in COVID-19 active staff compared with those not working on COVID-19 activities (p<0.01 for HADS anxiety and depression and MBI emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA)). Over half of the participants exhibited some level of anxiety (SRNGIH: 52.2%; DMCH: 53.9%; MMCH: 61.3%; MARMC: 68%) with a high proportion experiencing depression (SRNGIH: 39.5%; DMCH: 38.7%; MMCH: 53.7%; MARMC: 41.1%). Although mean burnout scores were within the normal range for each institution, a high proportion of staff (almost 20% in some instances) were shown to be classified as experiencing burnout by their EE, DP and PA scores.ConclusionWe identified a high prevalence of perceived anxiety, depression and burnout among doctors and nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was worse in staff engaged in COVID-19-related activities. These findings could help healthcare organisations to plan for future similar events.
Meta-analysis on inflammation and autonomic nervous system of coronary heart disease combined with depression
Authors: Li Guo , Zhang Lijun , Liu Meiyan 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between inflammatory factors, heart rate variability (HRV) and the coexistence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. Complying with the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE for the data from the inception date to 16 March 2023.Eligibility criteriaWe included cross-sectional and cohort studies with inclusion criteria: (1) patients with CHD; (2) depression measurement and (3) including inflammatory factors or cardiac biomarkers or HRV.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors searched the databases independently. The effect estimates and heterogeneity were synthesised by Review Manager V.5.3. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were analysed by STATA software. The quantitative synthesis outcomes were presented by mean difference (MD) or standard MD (SMD) with 95% CI.ResultsBy searching the databases, we identified a total of 6750 articles. There were 22 articles left after selection, including 6344 participants. This meta-analysis indicated that patients with CHD with depression had higher levels of C reaction protein (CRP) (SMD 0.50, 95% CI (0.19 to 0.81), p=0.001), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SMD 0.28, 95% CI (0.07 to 0.48), p=0.008), IL-6 (SMD 0.49, 95% CI (0.05 to 0.92), p=0.03) and a lower level of the mean RR interval and the SD of all RR intervals (SMD −0.64, 95% CI (−1.11 to –0.17), p=0.008), SD of the 5 min averages of all normal RR intervals (MD −12.77 ms, 95% CI (–21.20 to –4.33), p=0.003), overage of the SD of all normal RR intervals for each 5 min segment (MD −13.83 ms, 95% CI (–15.94 to –11.72), p<0.00001), root mean square of successive differences (MD: −8.02 ms, 95% CI (–13.62 to –2.43), p=0.005), proportion of adjacent cycles differing by >50 ms (pNN50) (SMD −0.86, 95% CI (−1.41 to –0.31), p=0.002), than those without depression.ConclusionsThis study underscores the association between elevated CRP, hs-CRP, IL-6 and lower HRV in patients with CHD with depression. It emphasises the importance of clinicians assessing CRP, hs-CRP, IL-6 and HRV in patients with CHD to potentially identify depressive conditions.
Feasibility of quality indicators on prehospital advanced airway management in a physician-staffed emergency medical service: survey-based assessment of the provider point of view
Authors: Kottmann Alexandre , Pasquier Mathieu , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Maudet Ludovic , Rouvé Jean-Daniel , Suppan L , Caillet-Bois David , Riva Thomas , Albrecht Roland , Krüger Andreas , Sollid Stephen Johan Mikal 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the feasibility of quality indicators (QIs) for prehospital advanced airway management (PAAM) from a provider point of view.DesignThe study is a survey based feasibility assessment following field testing of QIs for PAAM.SettingThe study was performed in two physician staffed emergency medical services in Switzerland.Participants42 of the 44 emergency physicians who completed at least one case report form (CRF) dedicated to the collection of the QIs on PAAM between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021 participated in the study.InterventionThe data required to calculate the 17 QIs was systematically collected through a dedicated electronic CRF.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were provider-related feasibility criteria: relevance and acceptance of the QIs, as well as reliability of the data collection. Secondary outcomes were effort to collect specific data and to complete the CRF.ResultsOver the study period, 470 CRFs were completed, with a median of 11 per physician (IQR 4–17; range 1–48). The median time to complete the CRF was 7 min (IQR 3–16) and was considered reasonable by 95% of the physicians. Overall, 75% of the physicians assessed the set of QIs to be relevant, and 74% accepted that the set of QIs assessed the quality of PAAM. The reliability of data collection was rated as good or excellent for each of the 17 QIs, with the lowest rated for the following 3 QIs: duration of preoxygenation, duration of laryngoscopy and occurrence of desaturation during laryngoscopy.ConclusionsCollection of QIs on PAAM appears feasible. Electronic medical records and technological solutions facilitating automatic collection of vital parameters and timing during the procedure could improve the reliability of data collection for some QIs. Studies in other services are needed to determine the external validity of our results.
Exploring the use of ChatGPT in predicting anterior circulation stroke functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy: a pilot study
Authors: Pedro Tiago , Sousa José Maria , Fonseca Luísa , Gama Manuel G. , Moreira Goreti , Pintalhão Mariana , Chaves Paulo C. , Aires Ana , Alves Gonçalo , Augusto Luís , Pinheiro Albuquerque Luís , Castro Pedro , Silva Maria Luís 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAccurate prediction of functional outcomes is crucial in stroke management, but this remains challenging.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the generative language model ChatGPT in predicting the functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) 3 months after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in order to assess whether ChatGPT can used to be accurately predict the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months post-thrombectomy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical, neuroimaging, and procedure-related data from 163 patients with AIS undergoing MT. The agreement between ChatGPT’s exact and dichotomized predictions and actual mRS scores was assessed using Cohen’s κ. The added value of ChatGPT was measured by evaluating the agreement of predicted dichotomized outcomes using an existing validated score, the MT-DRAGON.ResultsChatGPT demonstrated fair (κ=0.354, 95% CI 0.260 to 0.448) and good (κ=0.727, 95% CI 0.620 to 0.833) agreement with the true exact and dichotomized mRS scores at 3 months, respectively, outperforming MT-DRAGON in overall and subgroup predictions. ChatGPT agreement was higher for patients with shorter last-time-seen-well-to-door delay, distal occlusions, and better modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scores.ConclusionsChatGPT adequately predicted short-term functional outcomes in post-thrombectomy patients with AIS and was better than the existing risk score. Integrating AI models into clinical practice holds promise for patient care, yet refining these models is crucial for enhanced accuracy in stroke management.
In situ three-dimensional visualization of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus inoculated in Pinus thunbergii using X-ray micro-computed tomography
Authors: Nakajima Gou , Iki Taiichi , Aikawa Takuya , Hara Takumi , Ito Eisuke , Nakamura Katsunori 
Published: March 2024

Pine wilt disease, a devastating infectious disease of pine trees, is caused by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. It is important to understand the spatial dispersal processes of B. xylophilus within host-tree tissues to assess its pathogenic mechanism. However, this is not feasible with conventional microscopy-imaging techniques. In this study, we showed that X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging can be a powerful tool for visualizing infected nematodes within host-tree tissues. We visualized 161 nematodes and 11 eggs within a Pinus thunbergii stem section, 47.3 mm3 in volume, using an appropriate segmentation of the micro-CT images. Quantitative measurements of the segmented region corresponding to the nematodes allowed for the calculation of the longitudinal length and a-value, which were similar to previous morphological descriptions of B. xylophilus. The technique adopted in this study can aid in understanding the behavior of and obtaining quantitative information on B. xylophilus within tree tissues.
Formation and growth of the first supermassive black holes in MOG
Authors: Zhoolideh Haghighi Mohammad H. , Moffat John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe emergence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early universe remains a topic of profound interest and debate. In this paper, we investigate the formation and growth of the first SMBHs within the framework of Modified Gravity (MOG), where gravity exhibits increased strength. We explore how MOG, as an alternative to the standard model, may offer novel insights into the emergence of SMBHs and potentially reconcile the discrepancies observed in the accretion and growth processes. We examine the dynamics of gas and matter in this modified gravitational framework, shedding light on the unique interplay between gravity and the formation of SMBHs.
On weakly pullback flat S-posets
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Qiao Husheng , Zhang Xia 
Published: March 2024

In 2005, Bulman-Fleming and Laan established an analog of the Lazard–Govorov–Stenström theorem in the convex of [Formula: see text]-posets, which shows that an [Formula: see text]-poset [Formula: see text] is strongly flat if and only if [Formula: see text]-preserves subpullbacks and subequalizers if and only if [Formula: see text] satisfies condition (P) and condition (E). Using subpullback diagrams, the equivalent descriptions of flatness and properties (P), (PWP) and (WP) were presented by Golchin and Rezaei in 2009. In this paper, we first give the definition of weak pullback flatness by using subpullback diagram. We then introduce condition (E[Formula: see text]) and prove that a right [Formula: see text]-poset [Formula: see text] is weakly pullback flat if and only if [Formula: see text] satisfies condition (P) and condition (E[Formula: see text]). At the same time, we correct an error in the paper “Strongly flat and po-flat [Formula: see text]-posets” by Shi, Comm. Algebra 33 (2005) 4515–4531. After that we investigate homological classification problems for cyclic [Formula: see text]-posets and Rees factor [Formula: see text]-posets using weak pullback flatness. Finally, we characterize the pomonoids over which every right [Formula: see text]-poset has a weakly pullback flat cover.
A Novel Approach for Conducting a Catchment Area Analysis of Breast Cancer by Age and Stage for a Community Cancer Center
Authors: Siegel Scott D. , Zhang Yuchen , Lynch Shannon M. , Rowland Jennifer , Curriero Frank C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recently issued an updated draft recommendation statement to initiate breast cancer screening at age 40, reflecting well-documented disparities in breast cancer–related mortality that disproportionately impact younger Black women. This study applied a novel approach to identify hotspots of breast cancer diagnosed before age 50 and/or at an advanced stage to improve breast cancer detection within these communities.

Methods:
Cancer registry data for 3,497 women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed or treated between 2012 and 2020 at the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute (HFGCCRI) and who resided in the HFGCCRI catchment area, defined as New Castle County, Delaware, were geocoded and analyzed with spatial intensity. Standardized incidence ratios stratified by age and race were calculated for each hotspot.

Results:
Four hotspots were identified, two for breast cancer diagnosed before age 50, one for advanced breast cancer, and one for advanced breast cancer diagnosed before age 50. Younger Black women were overrepresented in these hotspots relative to the full-catchment area.

Conclusions:
The novel use of spatial methods to analyze a community cancer center catchment area identified geographic areas with higher rates of breast cancer with poor prognostic factors and evidence that these areas made an outsized contribution to racial disparities in breast cancer.

Impact:
Identifying and prioritizing hotspot breast cancer communities for community outreach and engagement activities designed to improve breast cancer detection have the potential to reduce the overall burden of breast cancer and narrow racial disparities in breast cancer.
Prior Exposure to Experimental Preeclampsia Increases Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation in Atherogenic Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Biwer Lauren A. , Man Joshua J. , Camarda Nicholas D. , Carvajal Brigett V. , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Jaffe Iris Z. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Women with a history of preeclampsia have evidence of premature atherosclerosis and increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke compared with women who had a normotensive pregnancy. Whether this is due to common risk factors or a direct impact of prior preeclampsia exposure has never been tested in a mouse atherosclerosis model.

METHODS:
Pregnant LDLR-KO (low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout; n=35) female mice were randomized in midgestation to sFlt1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1)-expressing adenovirus or identical control adenovirus. Postpartum, mice were fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce atherogenesis. Comparison between the control and preeclampsia models was made for metabolic parameters, atherosclerosis burden and composition by histology, plaque inflammation by flow cytometry, and aortic cytokines and inflammatory markers using a cytokine array.

RESULTS:
In pregnant LDLR-KO mice, sFlt1 adenovirus significantly induced serum sFlt1, blood pressure, renal endotheliosis, and decreased pup viability. After 8 weeks of postpartum high fat feeding, body weight, fasting glucose, plasma cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) were not significantly different between groups with no change in aortic root plaque size, lipid content, or necrotic core area. Flow cytometry demonstrated significantly increased CD45+ aortic arch leukocytes and CD3+T cells and aortic lysate contained more CCL (CC motif chemokine ligand) 22 and fetuin A and decreased expression of IGFBP6 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6) and CCL21 in preeclampsia-exposed mice compared with controls.

CONCLUSIONS:
In atherogenic LDLR-KO mice, exposure to sFlt1-induced preeclampsia during pregnancy increases future atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, supporting the concept that preeclampsia directly exacerbates atherosclerotic inflammation independent of preexisting risk factors. This mechanism may contribute to ischemic vascular disease in women after preeclampsia pregnancy.
The Implicit Association Test
Authors: Ratliff Kate A. , Smith Colin Tucker 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Among the general public and behavioral scientists alike, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the best known and most widely used tool for demonstrating implicit bias: the unintentional impact of social group information on behavior. More than forty million IATs have been completed at the Project Implicit research website. These public datasets are the most comprehensive documentation of IAT and self-reported bias scores in existence. In this essay, we describe the IAT procedure, summarize key findings using the IAT to document the pervasiveness and correlates of implicit bias, and discuss various ways to interpret IAT scores. We also highlight the most common uses of the IAT. Finally, we discuss unanswered questions and future directions for the IAT specifically, and implicit bias research more generally.
Uncovering Implicit Racial Bias in the Brain: The Past, Present & Future
Authors: Kubota Jennifer T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Neuroscience is a fantastic tool for peeking inside our minds and unpacking the component processes that drive social group biases. Brain research is vital for studying racial bias because neuroscientists can investigate these questions without asking people how they think and feel, as some individuals may be unaware or reluctant to report it. For the past twenty-five years, neuroscientists have diligently mapped implicit racial bias's neural foundations. As with any new approach, the emergence of neuroscience in studying implicit racial bias has elicited excitement and skepticism: excitement about connecting social biases to biological machinery, and skepticism that neuroscience may provide little to our understanding of social injustice. In this essay, I dive into what we have learned about implicit racial bias from the brain and the limitations of our current approach. I conclude by discussing what is on the horizon for neuroscience research on racial bias and social injustice.
Thoughts Turned to Jesus (or someone very probably, almost certainly, clearly somewhat like him) on Reading Crossley and Myles, Jesus
Authors: Seesengood Robert Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay is an extended review of, and engagement with, James Crossley and Robert J. Myles’s Jesus: A Life in Class Conflict (2023). The review particularly commends them for a work which addresses the difficult question of whether one is able to recover an ‘historical’ figure from tradition, and notes that effort, in many ways, becomes a compelling form of reception criticism. It notes, as well, some key places for future consideration (e.g., the implications of their work for masculinity studies).
Creating through Copying: Materia Medica, Women Painters, and Late Ming Culture
Authors: Gao Ruiying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the late Ming, illustrated materia medica works became increasingly salient among educated elites in the Jiangnan area. This article analyzes two hand-illustrated treatises, Jinshi kunchong caomu zhuang and Bencao tupu, and the cultural contexts of their production. The interplays between copying and editing and image-text relationships in the two works provide insight into how materia medica was exploited as a pictorial subject for ideas about the human-nature dynamic. I demonstrate that materia medica images represented symbolic possession of the natural world and thus served as a maker of social distinction. I also shed light on the perpetuated tradition of making images of materia medica as an intellectual practice. My examinations of materia medica images by women artists also challenge the correlations between gender and representations of flora and fauna in the historiography of Chinese paintings.