bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of strategic memory retrieval: Differentiating between spatial‐associative and temporal‐associative strategies
Authors: de Rover Mischa , Petersson Karl Magnus , van der Werf Sieberen P. , Cools Alexander R. , Berger Hans J. , Fernández Guillén 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRemembering complex, multidimensional information typically requires strategic memory retrieval, during which information is structured, for instance by spatial‐ or temporal associations. Although brain regions involved in strategic memory retrieval in general have been identified, differences in retrieval operations related to distinct retrieval strategies are not well‐understood. Thus, our aim was to identify brain regions whose activity is differentially involved in spatial‐associative and temporal‐associative retrieval. First, we showed that our behavioral paradigm probing memory for a set of object‐location associations promoted the use of a spatial‐associative structure following an encoding condition that provided multiple associations to neighboring objects (spatial‐associative condition) and the use of a temporal‐associative structure following another study condition that provided predominantly temporal associations between sequentially presented items (temporal‐associative condition). Next, we used an adapted version of this paradigm for functional MRI, where we contrasted brain activity related to the recall of object‐location associations that were either encoded in the spatial‐ or the temporal‐associative condition. In addition to brain regions generally involved in recall, we found that activity in higher‐order visual regions, including the fusiform gyrus, the lingual gyrus, and the cuneus, was relatively enhanced when subjects used a spatial‐associative structure for retrieval. In contrast, activity in the globus pallidus and the thalamus was relatively enhanced when subjects used a temporal‐associative structure for retrieval. In conclusion, we provide evidence for differential involvement of these brain regions related to different types of strategic memory retrieval and the neural structures described play a role in either spatial‐associative or temporal‐associative memory retrieval. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Number and volume raindrop size distributions in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Jau‐Yau , Su Chih‐Chiang , Lu Tai‐Fang , Maa Ming‐Ming 
Published: October 2007

AbstractKnowledge of rainfall characteristics is very important for the accurate estimation of rainfall kinetic energy and prediction of soil erosion. In this study, a reliable and efficient data collection and analysis system was developed to analyse the natural raindrop data collected in subtropical Taiwan. Both raindrop size distributions by number and volume were carefully analysed. The seasonal variations of the rainfall erosivity factor R, which is an index of the erosive potential of rainfall and a function of rainfall kinetic energy, was also discussed. An isoerodent map of Taiwan was also developed based on the rainfall data recorded by 158 automated rainfall‐measuring stations within 26 years. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the predictions of a MIKE SHE catchment‐scale application by using a multi‐criteria approach
Authors: Vázquez R. F. , Willems P. , Feyen J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper suggests a multi‐criteria protocol for appropriately evaluating the predictions of hydrologic models during calibration and evaluation stages. The protocol includes different statistical, analytical and visual criteria such as analysis of peak and low flows, cumulative volumes, extreme value statistics, performance statistics, etc. Furthermore, the protocol assesses the physical consistency of model predictions by filtering the total observed hydrograph into different flow‐components (baseflow, interflow and overland flow) and using these filtered data in the calibration and evaluation processes. Based on the distributed modelling of a medium size catchment, it is shown that application of the suggested protocol, and in particular the use of the filtered flow‐components in model calibration, enhances the physical consistency of model predictions, adding considerable value to the calibration process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the altered hydrologic connectivity of forest roads resulting from decommissioning and relocation
Authors: Eastaugh C. S. , Rustomji P. K. , Hairsine P. B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe decommissioning of roads is occurring in many forest environments with the aim of reducing the negative impacts of road runoff on water quality and aquatic habitat. Works associated with decommissioning are expensive so prior assessment of the outcomes of various options is merited. This paper presents a method of quantifying the degree to which a road is hydrologically connected to the stream network and thus the likely impacts of constructing a road of different configurations upon water quality. The method permits comparisons between different road network management options and is useful for assessing the likely result of decommissioning works. Emphasis is placed on quantifying the uncertainty of key performance measures. The procedures developed here are an extension of the probabilistic ‘volume to breakthrough’ model recently formulated by Australian water quality researchers and allow the quantification of road/stream connectivity without the need for extensive parameterization. To demonstrate its utility, the model was applied to an actual road decommissioning and replacement project in southeast Australia. Road areas and drainage outlets were surveyed in the field and flow paths to streams derived from a 1 metre resolution LiDAR based digital elevation model. The results demonstrate that the actual road decommissioning examined in this case was unlikely to reduce runoff to the stream network and that the overall impact of the works in conditions of design storms are likely to result in a net reduction in stream water quality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall‐induced landslides and debris flows
Authors: Crosta Giovanni B. , Frattini Paolo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this preface we introduce the special issue on rainfall‐induced landslides and debris flows. The topic is of high interest for many practical and scientific reasons. In fact, rainfall is the most relevant factor for the triggering of both shallow and deep‐seated landslides, and rainfall analysis is the most frequently adopted approach for forecasting the occurrence of such phenomena. The six papers of the special issue cover most of the key issues relative to rainfall‐induced landslides. Starting from the analysis of these contributions, we identify and discuss, in this paper, several main topics that deserve further research in the field of rainfall‐induced landslide, such as the uncertainty of the data, the quality of geotechnical analysis, the validation of the models, and the applicability of results in the framework of natural hazards. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's understanding of advertising: an investigation using verbal and pictorially cued methods
Authors: Owen Laura , Auty Susan , Lewis Charlie , Berridge Damon 
Published: October 2007

AbstractConflicting results on children's understanding of advertising may stem from differences in research methods. Most studies are conducted using interviewing techniques, employing only verbal questioning. In the present study, 136 children of two age groups (7 and 10 years) were first asked what advertising was for and, after responding, shown depictions of possible reasons. The results indicate that although older children are more likely than younger ones to understand that advertising seeks to promote selling, pictorial cues allow a much larger proportion of all children to indicate their understanding than verbal questioning does on its own, with younger children especially showing improvement. Thus, seven‐year‐olds seem to have an implicit understanding of the persuasive intent of advertising that they are unable to articulate in response to investigators' questions. Multiple methods appear to offer a means of evaluating the level of sophistication in children' understanding of advertising. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anticoagulant effect of sodium dehydroacetate (DHA‐S) in rats
Authors: Sakaguchi Yuka , Suga Sachiko , Oshida Keiyu , Miyamoto‐Kuramitsu Keiko , Ueda Kohei , Miyamoto Yohei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSodium dehydroacetate (DHA‐S) is used as a food additive, preservative and antimicrobial agent. Repeated oral administration of DHA‐S in rats induced severe hemorrhage in multiple organs and prolongation of blood coagulation factors. To determine the mechanism of hemorrhage, the protective effect of vitamin K (VK) was investigated. Increased VK‐dependent blood coagulation parameters, a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were observed in rats when DHA‐S alone was administered, while only a slight change was observed in animals that received a single injection of vitamin K2 following the DHA‐S dosing. These results suggest that DHA‐S‐induced hemorrhage is caused by a deficiency of vitamin K. In addition, the inhibitory effect of DHA‐S on vitamin K1 epoxide reductase (VKOR) activity was measured with an in vitro system using liver microsomes of normal male rats. DHA‐S concentration‐dependently inhibited VKOR activity similar to warfarin, but the inhibitory concentration was high. Therefore, it was concluded that the DHA‐S‐induced hemorrhage was caused by a depletion of blood VK, associated with any factors including VKOR inhibition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of surface microroughness by plasma deposition and chemical erosion followed by TiO2 coating upon anticoagulation, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy stent
Authors: Wang Gui‐Xue , Shen Yang , Zhang He , Quan Xue‐Jun , Yu Qing‐Song 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo different surface modification techniques were used to change the surface morphology and roughness of stents at the micrometer level, and eventually improve their surface adhesion properties with respect to endothelial cells. One was chemical erosion followed by sol–gel TiO2 coating, and the other was low temperature gas plasma deposition. After surface modification, the biocompatibility including the anticoagulation properties, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of these stents was evaluated. It was found that both techniques could change the surface morphology of the stents with microroughness. In comparison with the control, the treated NiTi alloy intravascular stents showed increased surface hydrophilicity and enhanced anticoagulation properties. However, the corrosion properties of the stents were not improved significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Influences of mechanical properties and permeability on chitosan nano/microfiber mesh tubes as a scaffold for nerve regeneration
Authors: Wang Wei , Itoh Soichiro , Matsuda Atsushi , Ichinose Shizuko , Shinomiya Kenichi , Hata Yuiro , Tanaka Junzo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have developed chitosan nonwoven micro/nanofiber mesh tubes and examined the effects of their mechanical strength and permeability on nerve regeneration. Chitosan nano/microfibrous tubes with a deacetylation rate (DAc) of 78% or 93% were prepared by electrospinning. A chitosan film tube with a DAc of 93% was also fabricated and combined with the nano/microfibrous tubes to form bilayered tubes with a nano/microfiber mesh inner structure and a film outer layer. Nano/microfiber mesh tubes with a DAc of 78% or 93%, bilayered tubes with a nano/microfiber mesh inner structure with a DAc of 78% or 93% and a film outer layer with a DAc of 93%, and film tubes with a DAc of 93% were each tested as bridge grafts into injured rat sciatic nerve. Isografting was performed as a control. Although the functional recovery of motor activity was delayed in each group, sensory function reemerged first in the isograft group followed by the group receiving nano/microfiber mesh tubes with a DAc of 93%. Histological analysis was consistent with these results. The chitosan nano/microfiber mesh tubes with a DAc of 93% have sufficient mechanical properties to preserve tube space, provide a better scaffold for cell migration and attachment, and facilitate humoral permeation to enhance nerve regeneration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Folate‐functionalized polymeric micelles for tumor targeted delivery of a potent multidrug‐resistance modulator FG020326
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiang , Deng Wenjing , Fu Liwu , Blanco Elvin , Gao Jinming , Quan Daping , Shuai Xintao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) existing in tumor chemotherapy, polymeric micelles encoded with folic acid on the micelle surface were prepared with the encapsulation of a potent MDR modulator, FG020326. The micelles were fabricated from diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with folate attached to the distal ends of PEG chains. The folate‐conjugated copolymers, folate‐PEG‐PCL, were synthesized by multistep chemical reactions. First, allyl‐terminated copolymer (allyl‐PEG‐PCL) was synthesized through a ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in bulk employing monoallyl‐PEG as a macroinitiator. Second, the allyl terminal groups of copolymers were converted into primary amino groups by a radical addition reaction, followed by conjugation of the carboxylic group of folic acid. In vitro studies at 37°C demonstrated that FG020326 release from micelles at pH 5.0 was faster than that at pH 7.4. Cytotoxicity studies with MTT assays indicated that folate‐functionalized and FG020326‐loaded micelles resensitized the cells approximately five times more than their folate‐free counterparts (p < 0.01) in human KBv200 cells treated with vincristine (VCR). The in vitro Rhodamine 123 efflux experiment using MDR KBv200 cells revealed that when cells were pretreated with folate‐attached and FG020326‐loaded micelles, the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) drug efflux function was significantly inhibited. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Bioactive glass‐induced osteoblast differentiation: A noninvasive spectroscopic study
Authors: Jell G. , Notingher I. , Tsigkou O. , Notingher P. , Polak J.M. , Hench L.L. , Stevens M.M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHere, we report on a rapid, noninvasive biophotonics system using Raman spectroscopy to detect real‐time biochemical changes in foetal osteoblasts (FOBs) following exposure to 45S5 Bioglass® (BG)‐conditioned media. Bio‐Raman spectroscopy, combined with multivariate statistical analysis techniques (principal component analysis and least squares analysis), was able to noninvasively identify biochemical differences in FOBs cultured for different time periods and between FOBs exposed/or not to BG‐conditioned media. Gene and protein expression studies were also performed for known markers of osteoblastic differentiation, namely, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and collagen type I. Quantitative RT‐PCR confirmed upregulation of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation after exposure to BG‐conditioned media. These results suggest that Raman spectroscopy can noninvasively detect biochemical changes in FOBs associated with differentiation. This technique could have important applications in the field of regenerative medicine by enabling rapid characterization of cell or organoid behavior on novel bioactive scaffolds without damage to either cell or biomaterial. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Osteoblast differentiation onto different biometals with an endoprosthetic surface topography in vitro
Authors: Jäger M. , Urselmann F. , Witte F. , Zanger K. , Li X. , Ayers D. C. , Krauspe R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this in vitro study, we compared the cytocompatibility and osteoblast promoting potency on human bone marrow cell culture with three different alloys (surgical steel, CoCr, Ti6Al4V) and three different surface structures (polished, sandblasted, porous coated). These biometals were specifically chosen because of their current applications in clinical orthopedic practices. Human mononuclear bone marrow cells were cultivated onto the surface of the different biomaterials and stimulated by dexamethasone, L‐ascorbic‐acid‐2‐phoshpate and beta‐glycerolphosphate over a 3‐week period. Immunfluorescent stainings against several antigens (ALP, RANKL, osteopontin, collagen I), mRNA‐expression of collagen (Col) I/II, BSP, osteopontin, osteocalcin, TRAP, light and scanning electron microscopy evaluation were used to evaluate cellular growth and osteoblast differentiation. For surface roughness and energy analysis of the specimen, roughness profile (Ra, Rz) and contact angle (CA) measurements were performed. We found differences between the different biometals and surface structures. Steel showed potential cytotoxic effects whereas CoCr and more Ti6Al4V showed an excellent cytocompatibility. There were no qualitative differences in mRNA expression between each of the tested biomaterials. In terms of antigen expression, a sandblasted Ti6Al4V surface showed enhanced osteoblastic differentiation. A porous‐coated surface improved the osteoconductivity of CoCr when compared to a polished surface. In contrast to controls all cells cultivated with biometals induced a RANKL expression. Cells increased the implant roughness with the exception of sandblasted Ti6Al4V. Our data show that surface topography and physicochemical properties of biometals influence osteoblast differentiation in vitro. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Evaluation of a highly‐radiopaque iodine‐containing acrylic bone cement for use in augmentation of vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Boelen Erik J.H. , Lewis Gladius , Xu Jie , Slots Tristan , Koole Leo H. , van Hooy‐Corstjens Catharina S.J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty are widely used for the augmentation of osteoporosis‐induced vertebral compression fractures. Almost invariably, an injectable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement that contains a large amount of BaSO4particles is used in these procedures. The deleterious effects of this radiopacifier on various properties of PMMA cement have been detailed in the literature. The objective of the present study was therefore to avoid such high levels of inorganic contrast agent and thus to develop an all‐polymeric bone cement, for which radiopacity was provided by 60 wt % of an iodine‐containing methacrylic copolymer, incorporated into the powder (IO cement), ultimately leading to 6.6 wt % of iodine in the cement. A large array of properties of this cement were determined, ranging from setting time and injectability to fatigue life under fully‐reversed tension‐compression loading and cytotoxicity, and a comprehensive comparison with a cement containing 30 wt % BaSO4in the powder component (BA cement) has been made (11 wt % of Ba in the cement). Statistical analyses of the results showed that, for the majority of the properties, the difference between the means for the two cements was not significant. It is therefore suggested that the IO cement is a suitable alternative to the BA cement for use in the aforementioned procedures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Effects of calcium ion incorporation on osteoblast gene expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on microstructured titanium surfaces
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Suh Jo‐Young , Chung Hyun‐Ju 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe surface characteristics of a calcium ion (Ca)‐incorporated titanium (Ti) surface, produced by hydrothermal treatment using an alkaline Ca‐containing solution, and its effects on osteoblastic differentiation were investigated. MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblastic cells were cultured on machined or grit‐blasted Ti surfaces with and without Ca incorporation. The MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation, and real‐time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression. Hydrothermal treatment with a Ca‐containing solution produced a crystalline CaTiO3 nanostructure of approximately 100 nm in dimension, preserving original micron‐scaled surface topographies and microroughness caused by machining, blasting, or blasting and etching treatments. After immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution, considerable apatite formation was observed on all surfaces of the Ca‐incorporated samples. Significantly more cell proliferation was found on Ca‐incorporated Ti surfaces than on untreated Ti surfaces (p < 0.001). Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed notably higher alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA levels in cells grown on Ca‐incorporated blasted surfaces than on other surfaces at an early time point. Thus, Ca incorporation may have a beneficial effect on osseointegration of microstructured Ti implants by accelerating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during the early healing phase following implantation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
A methodology based on the “anterior chamber of rabbit eyes” model for noninvasively determining the biocompatibility of biomaterials in an immune privileged site
Authors: Lu Pei‐Lin , Lai Jui‐Yang , Tabata Yasuhiko , Hsiue Ging‐Ho 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this study, a novel methodology based on the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes model was developed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of biomaterials in an immune privileged site. The 7‐mm‐diameter membrane implants made from either a biological tissue material (amniotic membrane, AM group) or a biomedical polymeric material (gelatin, GM group) were inserted in rabbit anterior chamber for 36 months and characterized by biomicroscopic examinations, intraocular pressure measurements, and corneal thickness measurements. The noninvasive ophthalmic parameters were scored to provide a quantitative grading system. In this animal model, both AM and GM implants were visible in an ocular immune privileged site during clinical observations. The implants of the AM group appeared as soft tissue patches and have undergone a slow dissolution process resulting in a partial reduction of their size. Additionally, the AM implants did not induce any foreign body reaction or change in ocular tissue response for the studied period. By contrast, in the GM groups, significant corneal edema, elevated intraocular pressure, and increased corneal thickness were noted in the early postoperative phase (within 3 days), but resolved rapidly with in vivo dissolution of the gelatin. The results from the ocular grading system showed that both implants had good long‐term biocompatibility in an ocular immune privileged site for up to 3 years. It is concluded that the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes model is an efficient method for noninvasively determining the immune privileged tissue/biomaterial interactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008