bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation in recipients over 65 yr old: a single center experience
Authors: Audet M. , Piardi T. , Panaro F. , Cag M. , Ghislotti E. , Habibeh H. , Giulini S.M. , Jaeck D. , Wolf P.h. 
Published: February 2009

Audet M, Piardi T, Panaro F, Cag M, Ghislotti E, Habibeh H, Giulini SM, Jaeck D, Wolf Ph. Liver transplantation in recipients over 65 yr old: a single center experience. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 84–90. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Introduction:  The advanced age of the recipient is considered a “relative contraindication” to liver transplantation (LT). However, recently some studies reported a morbidity rate and an overall survival comparable with those of younger patients. Here, we reported the outcome after LT in recipients aged >65 yr.Methods:  Between January 2000 and December 2006, 565 LT was performed in 502 recipients in our institution. Of these, 34 were recipients of >65 yr old (aged group). We focused our study comparing: donor age, co‐morbidities, model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, duration of operation, transfusions and outcome between the two groups (young/aged).Results:  For the group aged >65: the mean donor age was 52.5 (range 16–75) yr and the graft weight 1339 g (890–1880 g). Co‐morbidity was recorded in 25 (73.5%), coronary artery disease (CAD) in 17 (50%), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal insufficiency in four (11.7%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in three patients (8.8%). Mean MELD score was 14.9 (range 12–29) and ASA score was two in 15 (44.1%); and three in 19 (55.8%) recipients. Mean operation time was four h 45 min, three patients also received combined kidney transplantation. Twenty‐five (73.5%) recipients received blood transfusions (mean 3.2). Morbidity was observed in 20 patients (58.8%); of these two had hepatic artery thrombosis requiring re‐LT. Overall survival was 80% (40 months of follow‐up), in particularly, at 30‐d, one yr, three yr was 91%, 84%, 80%, respectively. The only two statistical differences reported (p = 0.02) are: the lower rate of CAD in the younger group of recipients (12%), compared with the aged group (50%) and the subsequently lower mortality rate secondary to cardiac causes in the younger group (1.4%) compared with aged group (8.8%).Conclusion:  Our results suggest that the recipient age should not be considered an absolute contraindication for LT when the graft/recipient matching is optimal and when an adequate cardiac assessment is performed.
Sympathovagal effects of spinal anaesthesia with intrathecal or intravenous fentanyl assessed by heart rate variability
Authors: FUJIWARA Y. , KUROKAWA S. , SHIBATA Y. , ASAKURA Y. , HARADO M. , KOMATSU T. 
Published: February 2009

Background: Although many investigators previously reported the sympathovagal effect of spinal anaesthesia, there is no information about the sympathovagal effects of supplementation with fentanyl. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sympathovagal effects of intrathecal or intravenous fentanyl added to spinal anaesthesia.Methods: One hundred and twenty patients undergoing elective transurethral surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive intrathecally either isobaric bupivacaine alone (Group B), bupivacaine supplemented with intrathecal (Group Ft) or with intravenous fentanyl (Group Fv). Heart rate variability was estimated using the MemCalc method (Tarawa, Suwa Trust, Japan) before and after spinal anaesthesia.Results: In all groups, spinal anaesthesia significantly decreased low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) as a marker of sympathovagal balance. However, patients in Group B with a low block height developed a marked increase in LF/HF after spinal anaesthesia, which was attenuated in Group Ft. Meanwhile, intravenous fentanyl did not attenuate this response.Conclusion: We conclude that sympathetic activation observed in patients with a low block height was attenuated by intrathecal fentanyl but not by intravenous fentanyl.
Pre‐hospital use of ketamine in paediatric trauma
Authors: BREDMOSE P. P. , GRIER G. , DAVIES G. E. , LOCKEY D. J. 
Published: February 2009

Objectives: To describe the use of ketamine in children by a pre‐hospital physician‐based service.Methods: A five and a half year retrospective database review of all patients aged <16 years who were attended by London's Helicopter Emergency Medical Service and given ketamine.Results: One hundred and sixty‐four children met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 10 years (range 0–15 years). One hundred and four (63%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 15 and 153 (93%) had a GCS>8 before administration of ketamine. Patients received from 2 to 150 mg ketamine IV (mean=1.0 mg/kg) and 112 (68%) received concomitant midazolam (0.5–18 mg, mean=0.1 mg/kg). One hundred and forty‐one (86%) received ketamine intravenously and 23 (14%) intramuscularly. Only 12 patients (7%) were trapped. The most common mechanisms of injury in those who received ketamine were road traffic collisions, burns and falls.Conclusion: The safe delivery of adequate analgesia and appropriate sedation is a priority in paediatric pre‐hospital care. Ketamine was predominantly used in awake non‐trapped patients with blunt trauma for procedural sedation and analgesia. Detailed database searches did not demonstrate loss of airway, oxygen desaturation or clinically significant emergence reactions after ketamine administration. This study failed to demonstrate any major side effects of the drug and reassured us that the safety profile of the drug in this environment is likely to be satisfactory. The use of ketamine in trapped children was rare.
Wound infiltration with magnesium sulphate and ropivacaine mixture reduces postoperative tramadol requirements after radical prostatectomy
Authors: TAUZIN‐FIN P. , SESAY M. , SVARTZ L. , KROL‐HOUDEK M.‐C. , MAURETTE P. 
Published: February 2009

Purpose: This prospective, randomized, double‐dummy study was undertaken to compare the effects of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administered by the intravenous vs. the infiltration route on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements.Methods: Forty ASA I or II men scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anaesthesia were randomized into two groups (n=20 each). Two medication sets A and B were prepared at the pharmacy. Each set contained a minibag of 50 ml solution for IV infusion and a syringe of 45 ml for wound infiltration. Group MgSO4.IV patients received set A with 50 mg/kg MgSO4 in the minibag and 190 mg of ropivacaine in the syringe. Group MgSO4/L received set B with isotonic saline in the minibag and 190 mg of ropivacaine +750 mg of MgSO4 in the syringe. The IV infusion was performed over 30 min at induction of anaesthesia and the surgical wound infiltration was performed during closure. Pain was assessed every 4 h, using a 100‐point visual analogue scale (VAS). Postoperative analgesia was standardized using IV paracetamol (1 g/6 h) and tramadol was administered via a patient‐controlled analgesia system. The follow‐up period was 24 h.Results: The total cumulative tramadol consumption was 221 ± 64.1 mg in group MgSO4.IV and 134 ± 74.9 mg in group MgSO4.L (P<0.01). VAS pain scores were equivalent in the two groups throughout the study. No side‐effects, due to systemic or local MgSO4 administration, were observed.Conclusion: Co‐administration of MgSO4 with ropivacaine for postoperative infiltration analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy produces a significant reduction in tramadol requirements.
Differences in parasite susceptibility and costs of resistance between naturally exposed and unexposed host populations
Authors: HASU T. , BENESH D. P. , VALTONEN E. T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt is generally assumed that resistance to parasitism entails costs. Consequently, hosts evolving in the absence of parasites are predicted to invest less in costly resistance mechanisms than hosts consistently exposed to parasites. This prediction has, however, rarely been tested in natural populations. We studied the susceptibility of three naïve, three parasitized and one recently isolated Asellus aquaticus isopod populations to an acanthocephalan parasite. We found that parasitized populations, with the exception of the isopod population sympatric with the parasite strain used, were less susceptible to the parasite than the naïve populations. Exposed but uninfected (resistant) isopods from naïve populations, but not from parasitized populations, exhibited greater mortality than controls, implying that resistance entails survival costs primarily for naïve isopods. These results suggest that parasites can drive the evolution of host resistance in the wild, and that co‐existence with parasites may increase the cost‐effectiveness of defence mechanisms.
Methyl Jasmonate Counteract UV‐B Stress in Barley Seedlings
Authors: Fedina I. , Nedeva D. , Georgieva K. , Velitchkova M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe role of exogenously applied phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in counteracting the ultraviolet B (UV‐B) stress in barley seedlings was investigated. Barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Alfa) 4 days old were supplied with 5 × 10−5 m MeJA through the roots for 3 days and then exposed for 2 days for 5 h per day to UV‐B (312 nm, biological effectiveness of UV‐B radiation 28.8 kJ m−2day−1). The rate of 14CO2 fixation, PSI and PSII activities and chlorophyll content decreased, but flavonoids, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline and UV‐B induced compounds increased after UV‐B treatment. The rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution was more strongly inhibited by UV‐B‐irradiation than PSI and PSII efficiency. MeJA itself increased the content of free proline, which acts as a stress protector due to its radical scavenging ability. Increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase (POX) activities in the leaves and in the roots and the POX isoforms induction revealed the MeJA involvement in plant tolerance to oxidative stress caused by UV‐B irradiation. It was shown that pre‐treatment with MeJA counteracted UV‐B stress. Therefore, it was suggested that MeJA could acts as a mediator in plant defense responses to UV‐B irradiation by enhancing the activity of antioxidant system and free radical scavenging capability of plant cells.
Deltamethrin‐induced feeding plasticity in pyrethroid‐susceptible and ‐resistant strains of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: Guedes N. M. P. , Guedes R. N. C. , Silva L. B. , Cordeiro E. M. G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity contributes to the adaptative evolution of populations exposed to new or altered environments. Feeding plasticity is a component of phenotypic plasticity not usually considered in insect strains adapted to insecticide‐altered environments, but which may either accentuate or mitigate insecticide resistance. This is a concern in the pyrethroid‐resistant strains of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Col., Curculionidae), and the reason for this study. A pyrethroid‐susceptible and two pyrethroid‐resistant strains of maize weevil were subjected to free‐choice and no‐choice tests with maize grains sprayed with increasing doses of the pyrethroid, deltamethrin. The insects from the pyrethroid‐resistant strains exhibited higher feeding avoidance with increased deltamethrin doses than insects from the susceptible strain when subjected to free‐choice tests. The strains of maize weevil physiologically resistant to pyrethroids were also behaviourally resistant to deltamethrin – an additional management concern. The resistant strains avoid deltamethrin‐sprayed grains and are less nutritionally affected by this compound, with divergent responses from the susceptible strain with increased doses of deltamethrin. Furthermore, the higher relative growth rate and consequently higher efficiency of food conversion observed in the insecticide‐resistant strains were significant even without insecticide exposure, indicating that these traits are stimulus‐independent and may persist even without further insecticide selection, potentially limiting the options available for their management.
Effects of selection for maize resistance to Sesamia nonagrioides on the additive and dominant components of genetic variance
Authors: Sandoya G. , Malvar R. A. , Revilla P. , Butrón A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract Sesamia nonagrioides causes high yield losses in maize in northwestern Spain. Therefore, a recurrent selection programme to improve resistance against this pest has been carried out in a maize synthetic population. The main purposes of this investigation were to determine which are the main components of genetic variance for stem tunnelling and yield under infestation, to determine the variance remaining after selection, and, finally, to establish the genetic relationship between traits used as selection criteria and other ear resistance and agronomic traits. A North Carolina Design I mating system was used. Individual analyses by year were carried out and additive variance was identified as the only significant component of the genetic variance for stem tunnel length while a dominant variance was significant for yield. Those variances have decreased due to selection, but not significantly. Selection could continue for more cycles as there is enough variance. Additive genetic correlation coefficients between tunnel length and yield could not be determined. Thereafter, we propose three different methodologies of the selection to determine the relationship between resistance and yield under infestation.
Chromitite and peridotite from Rayat, northeastern Iraq, as fragments of a Tethyan ophiolite
Authors: Ismail Sabah A. , Arai Shoji , Ahmed Ahmed H. , Shimizu Yohei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOphiolitic rocks (chromitites and serpentinized peridotites) were petrologically examined in detail for the first time from Rayat, in the Iraqi part of the Zagros thrust zone, an ophiolitic belt. Almost all the primary silicates have been altered out, but chromian spinel has survived from alteration and gives information about the primary petrological characteristics. The protolith of the serpentinite was clinopyroxene‐free harzburgite with chromian spinel of intermediate Cr# (= Cr/[Cr + Al] atomic ratio) of 0.5 to 0.6. The harzburgite with that signature is the most common in the mantle section of the Tethyan ophiolites such as the Oman ophiolite, and is the most suitable host for chromitite genesis. Except for one sample, which has Cr# = 0.6 for spinel, the Cr# of spinel is high, around 0.7, in chromitite. The variation in Cr# of spinel in chromitite observed here has been also reported in the Oman ophiolite. The peridotite with chromitite pods exposed at Rayat was derived from an ophiolite similar in petrological character to the Oman ophiolite, one of the typical Tethyan ophiolites (fragments of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere). This result is consistent with the previous interpretation based on geological analysis.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of bimodal volcanism in the Sakoli Mobile Belt, Central Indian shield
Authors: Ahmad Talat , Longjam Kabita C. , Fouzdar Baishali , Bickle Mike J. , Chapman Hazel J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Sakoli Mobile Belt comprises bimodal volcanic rocks that include metabasalt, rhyolite, tuffs, and epiclastic rocks with metapelites, quartzite, arkose, conglomerate, and banded iron formation (BIF). Mafic volcanic rocks are tholeiitic to quartz‐tholeiitic with normative quartz and hypersthene. SiO2shows a large compositional gap between the basic and acidic volcanics, depicting their bimodal nature. Both the volcanics have distinct geochemical trends but display some similarity in terms of enriched light rare earth element–large ion lithophile element characteristics with positive anomalies for U, Pb, and Th and distinct negative anomalies for Nb, P, and Ti. These characteristics are typical of continental rift volcanism. Both the volcanic rocks show strong negative Sr and Eu anomalies indicating fractionation of plagioclases and K‐feldspars, respectively. The high Fe/Mg ratios for the basic rocks indicate their evolved nature. Whole rock Sm–Nd isochrons for the acidic volcanic rocks indicate an age of crystallization for these volcanic rocks at about 1675 ± 180 Ma (initial143Nd/144Nd = 0.51017 ± 0.00017, mean square weighted deviate [MSWD] = 1.6). The εNdt(t = 2000 Ma) varies between −0.19 and +2.22 for the basic volcanic rock and between −2.85 and −4.29 for the acidic volcanic rocks. Depleted mantle model ages vary from 2000 to 2275 Ma for the basic and from 2426 to 2777 Ma for the acidic volcanic rocks, respectively. These model ages indicate that protoliths for the acidic volcanic rocks probably had a much longer crustal residence time. Predominantly basaltic magma erupted during the deposition of the Dhabetekri Formation and part of it pooled at crustal or shallower subcrustal levels that probably triggered partial melting to generate the acidic magma. The influence of basic magma on the genesis of acidic magma is indicated by the higher Ni and Cr abundance at the observed silica levels of the acidic magma. A subsequent pulse of basic magma, which became crustally contaminated, erupted as minor component along with the dominantly acidic volcanics during the deposition of the Bhiwapur Formation.
Classification of the Sibumasu and Paleo‐Tethys tectonic division in Thailand using chert lithofacies
Authors: Kamata Yoshihito , Ueno Katsumi , Hara Hidetoshi , Ichise Megumi , Charoentitirat Thasinee , Charusiri Punya , Sardsud Apsorn , Hisada Ken‐ichiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo types of chert are defined in Thailand based on lithology, faunal content, and stratigraphy. ‘Pelagic chert’ consists of densely packed radiolarian tests in a microcrystalline quartz matrix with no terrigenous material and is found as blocks embedded within sheared matrix. ‘Hemipelagic chert’ also has a microcrystalline quartz matrix, and contains not only scattered radiolarian tests, but also calcareous organisms such as foraminifers. The pelagic cherts range in age from Devonian to Middle Triassic, whereas hemipelagic chert is only from the Early to the Late Triassic. Lithological and stratigraphic characteristics indicate that the pelagic chert originated in the Paleo‐Tethys, whereas the hemipelagic chert accumulated on the eastern margin of the Sibumasu Block. The hemipelagic and pelagic chert are exposed in two north‐trending belt‐like zones. The western zone includes the hemipelagic chert, as well as glaciomarine and other Paleozoic to Mesozoic successions, overlying a Precambrian basement that consists exclusively of Sibumasu elements. The eastern zone contains pelagic chert and limestone and should be correlated to the Inthanon Zone. The Inthanon Zone is characterized by the presence not only of Paleo‐Tethyan sedimentary rocks, but also of Sibumasu Block elements that structurally underlie the Paleo‐Tethyan rocks. The boundary between the Sibumasu and Paleo‐Tethys zones is a north‐trending, low‐angle thrust that resulted from the collision of the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks.
Geochemistry and geochronology of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Chiang Khong region, northern Thailand
Authors: Srichan Weerapan , Crawford Anthony J. , Berry Ronald F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Chiang Khong segment of the Chiang Khong–Lampang–Tak Volcanic Belt is composed of three broadly meridional sub‐belts of mafic to felsic volcanic, volcaniclastic, and associated intrusive rocks. Associated sedimentary rocks are largely non‐marine red beds and conglomerates. Three representative Chiang Khong lavas have Late Triassic (223–220 Ma) laser ablation inductively coupled mass‐spectroscopy U–Pb zircon ages. Felsic‐dominated sequences in the Chiang Khong Western and Central Sub‐belts are high‐K calc–alkaline rocks that range from basaltic to dominant felsic lavas with rare mafic dykes. The Western Sub‐belt lavas have slightly lower high field strength element contents at all fractionation levels than equivalent rocks from the Central Sub‐belt. In contrast, the Eastern Sub‐belt is dominated by mafic lavas and dykes with compositions transitional between E‐mid‐oceanic ridge basalt and back‐arc basin basalts. The Eastern Sub‐belt rocks have higher FeO* and TiO2 and less light rare earth element enrichment than basalts in the high‐K sequences. Basaltic and doleritic dykes in the Western and Central sub‐belts match the composition of the Eastern Sub‐belt lavas and dykes. A recent geochemical study of the Chiang Khong rocks concluded that they were erupted in a continental margin volcanic arc setting. However, based on the dominance of felsic lavas and the mainly non‐marine associated sediments, we propose an alternative origin, in a post‐collisional extensional setting. A major late Middle to early Late Triassic collisional orogenic event is well documented in northern Thailand and Yunnan. We believe that the paucity of radiometric dates for arc‐like lavas in the Chiang Khong–Lampang–Tak Volcanic Belt that precede this orogenic event, coupled with the geochemistry of the Chiang Khong rocks, and strong compositional analogies with other post‐collisional magmatic suites, are features that are more typical of volcanic belts formed in a rapidly evolving post‐collisional, basin‐and range‐type extensional setting.
A new species ofSyntretusFoerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae), a parasitoid of the stingless beeTrigona carbonariaSmith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae)
Authors: Gloag Rosalyn , Shaw Scott R , Burwell Chris 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new species of euphorine braconid,Syntretus trigonaphagussp. nov., is described and illustrated. This is the first AustralianSyntretusspecies to be described and the first record of braconids parasitisingTrigonaJurine stingless bees. Egg‐laying by adults and emergence of larvae from the hostTrigona carbonariais detailed. A 12S ribosomal rRNA gene fragment was sequenced to confirm the association of larvae and adults of the wasp parasitoid.
Efficacy of bird‐baited traps placed at different heights for collecting ornithophilic mosquitoes in eastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Jansen Cassie C , Zborowski Paul , Ritchie Scott A , Van Den Hurk Andrew F 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo compare the efficacy of bird‐baited traps with standard CO2‐baited Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps for collecting ornithophilic mosquito species, seven Latin square trials were conducted at six urban sites in Cairns and Brisbane, Australia. Traps were placed 1 m above ground level and 5–10 m according to tree canopy height. CO2‐baited CDC traps consistently collected more mosquitoes of all species than the bird‐baited traps at all locations. In Brisbane, CO2‐baited CDC traps placed at ground level collected significantly more Culex annulirostris Skuse than those at canopy height during two trials, and more Aedes vigilax (Skuse) and Ae. procax (Skuse) during one trial each. Conversely, in Cairns, CO2‐baited CDC traps placed in the tree canopy collected significantly more Cx. squamosus (Taylor) during two trials, and significantly more Aedeomyia catasticta Knab and Cx. cubiculi Marks during one trial each. Consistently low yields of ornithophilic species including Cx. australicus Dobrotworsky & Drummond and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say in all traps tested suggests the need to employ alternative trapping measures to target these species in urban areas.