bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven EXPANDING OUR STORIES: THE MYSTERY OF MEMORY
Authors: Randall William L , McKim A. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter discusses the infinite complexity of autobiographical memory and yet its utter necessity for constructing a viable sense of the self, i.e., a strong self-story. Like a literary text, however, memory contains countless gaps, given that we only perceive and process a fraction of what goes on around us: we are forgetting beings as much as remembering ones. Instead of accepting the prevailing metaphor for memory as a computer, the chapter submits a more appropriate metaphor — that of a compost heap — especially in light of memory's narrative dimensions and its association with faction more than fact. It then elaborates four angles from which the complexity of autobiographical memory can be appreciated: time, truth, self, and other. In the process, the chapter broaches such concepts as narrative truth, the narrative unconscious, and self-defining memories. Finally, the chapter outlines strategies for better accessing our memories and thus expanding our stories.
Eight EXAMINING OUR STORIES: THE QUEST FOR MEANING
Authors: Randall William L , McKim A. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter discusses the quest for meaning-in-life and the need for a robust sense of it especially in later life, given the challenges it can bring. It argues that the nature of existential meaning cannot be comprehended without appreciating the narrative complexity of memory itself. Leaning on insights from narrative therapy, it explores what happens when meaning breaks down — when our lifestories become dominated, disjointed, disrupted — and we stand in need of narrative repair. After noting different types of reminiscence that researchers have identified, the chapter look at dynamic reminiscence as particularly fruitful for restarting stalled life-narratives, and for reading our stories in a deep or aesthetic manner. The chapter ends with comments on the nature of lifestory as meaning-filled, and suggests a heuristic for examining our lives that involves delving into our memories as we would into literary stories, critiquing them in terms of emplotment, characterization, narration, and interpretation.
Nine TRANSFORMING OUR STORIES: THE UNFOLDING OF WISDOM
Authors: Randall William L , McKim A. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter explores the relationship between reading our lives and the unfolding of wisdom. It argues that a key manifestation of wisdom is self-knowledge, which itself needs viewing through a narrative lens. It then reconsiders both the formal practice of life review and the criteria for a good lifestory in light of a narrative perspective on wisdom. It goes on to discuss wisdom as the transformation in self-awareness that occurs as a result of continuing narrative development, irony as integral to narrative in general, and therefore an ironic orientation as integral to wisdom itself. In essence, narrative irony — the recognition of the disparity, fragmentation, openness, and multivalence that can characterize experience — permeates the good lifestory. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the sorts of self-reading contexts, or narrative environments, in which wisdom might therefore flourish. Such contexts are called wisdom environments.
Ten TRANSCENDING OUR STORIES: THE POETICS OF SPIRITUAL AGING
Authors: Randall William L , McKim A. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter argues that spiritual aging is ultimately a narrative endeavor. After considering the relationship between spirituality and wisdom, aging, and religion, it proposes that spirituality has to do with transcending our lifestories. The inevitability of death is then explored from a poetic perspective, with death seen as having an aesthetic necessity, as The End. Along such lines, the chapter critiques the notion of “successful aging.” The powerful role of master narratives in the formation of individuals' lifestories is considered next, as is the idea that a life can be conceived as a sacred story, or parable, with limitless potential for meaning. The chapter then enlists the concepts of gerotranscendence, generativity, and genealogy to trace the various ways in which, effectively, we let our stories go. It argues that the recognition of the open-endedness of our stories and the experience of wonder at their mystery is a hallmark of spiritual growth.
The Global Environment, Natural Resources, and Economic Growth
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecently, the public attention has turned toward the intricate interrelation between economic growth and global warming. This book focuses on this nexus but broadens the framework to study the issue. Growth is seen as global growth, which affects the global environment and climate change. Global growth, in particular high economic growth rates, implies a fast depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources. Thus, this book deals with the impact of the environment and the effect of the exhaustive use of natural resources on economic growth and welfare of market economies, as well as the reverse linkage. It is arranged in three parts: Part I of the book discusses the environment and growth. The role of environmental pollution is integrated into modern endogenous growth models and recently developed dynamic methods and techniques are used to derive appropriate abatement activities that policymakers can institute. Part II looks at global climate change using these same growth models. Here, too, direct and transparent policy implications are provided. More specifically, tax measures, such as a carbon tax, are favored over emission trading as instruments of mitigation policies. Part III evaluates the use and overuse of renewable and non-renewable resources in the context of a variety of dynamic models. This part of the book, in particular, considers the cases when resources interact as an ecological system and analyze issues of ownership of resources as well as policy measures to avoid the overuse of resources. In addition, not only intertemporal resource allocation but also the eminent issues relating to intertemporal inequities, as well as policy measures to overcome them, are discussed in each part of the book.
Introduction and Overview
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of the five chapters (Chapter 2-6) in Part I of the book. It discusses the economic models that study the link between economic growth and the environment. It focuses on a class of models in which economic activities lead to environmental degradation, and through this economic activity negatively affects the utility of households or the production activities of firms.
The Dynamics of the Model with Standard Preferences
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe growth model with environmental pollution and productive public capital analyzed in Chapter 2 was characterized by local and global determinacy. However, this result may have been derived due to the assumptions made, especially concerning the utility function of the household. This chapter allows for a more general utility function and then gives a complete characterization of the dynamics of the model. It also contributes to the literature on the dynamics of competitive economies with externalities.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter presents some concluding remarks about the economic models presented in Chapters 2 to 5. An endogenous growth model was presented with public capital and pollution. The uniqueness of this approach compared to the literature on environmental pollution and endogenous growth is the assumption that pollution only affects the utility of the household and not production possibilities directly. Analyses of the model demonstrated the effects of fiscal policy on the long-run balanced growth rate. Variations in both the income tax rate and the pollution tax rate were also shown to have either positive or negative growth effects.
TheAKEndogenous Growth Model
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter presents a special form of the growth model by assuming that physical capital and the stock of knowledge can be summarized in one variable. This gives the so-called AK model of endogenous growth. The second-best abatement share as well as the socially optimal value for the investment share and the abatement share is computed assuming a logarithmic utility function.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter presents some concluding remarks about the economic model presented in Chapters 8-11. Part II of the book studied the interrelation between anthropogenic global warming and economic growth assuming a simple descriptive model of endogenous growth. Using simulations, it was shown that increases in abatement spending may yield a win-win situation. That means a rise in abatement activities both reduces greenhouse gas emissions and raises economic growth. This holds for both the balanced growth rate and for the growth rate of GDP on the transition path.
Regulation of Resources
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter exemplifies the problem of resource regulation by studying the tax rate as regulatory instrument. It presents a prototype intertemporal model of resource extraction with three state variables and one control variable. The three state variables are the stock of the resource, the capacity of the extractive industry, and its evolution of debt. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 16.2 lays out a three-dimensional model of resource exploitation that originates in Clark's contribution. Section 16.3 demonstrates, by employing a dynamic programming algorithm, that cyclical trajectories remain preserved even if a dynamic equation for the evolution of debt is added to the dynamics. Section 16.4 provides some concluding remarks.
Conclusion
Authors: Greiner Alfred , Semmler Willi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis concluding chapter presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. The first part of the book analyzed in a small-scale model the interrelation between economic growth, the environment, and welfare of a country. The second part of the book studied the interaction of growth and global warming. The third part was concerned with economic growth and renewable and nonrenewable resources as well as with policies to prevent overextraction of those resources.
Minos and the Moderns
Authors: Ziolkowski Theodore 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This book considers three mythological complexes that enjoyed a unique surge of interest in 20th-century European literature, art, and music. While many works deal with the literary use of myth—a subject of growing interest in recent decades—it is conspicuous that most of them ignore the three myths that are identified with the island of Crete and linked by the figure of the legendary King Minos: Europa and the bull (his parents), the minotaur (his stepson) and the labyrinth, and Daedalus and Icarus (his subjects). The book adduces the ideas of such precursors of modernism as Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud to explain the revitalization of myth in the early twentieth century. It posits an essential distinction between “primary” and “secondary” myth: that is, myth that has been ironized beyond its original religious meaning and liberated for literary and artistic adaptation. To this end the work analyzes examples drawn from every realm of art—from fiction and poetry and drama to painting, sculpture, opera, and ballet—to explore the particular appeal of the three Cretan myths to the modern consciousness.
Introduction: The Modernization of Myth
Authors: Ziolkowski Theodore 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The introduction analyzes the resurgence of interest in Minoan civilization—its history and its myths—in the modern consciousness following the spectacular publicity in 1900 surrounding the excavations at Knossos of Sir Arthur Evans. It goes on to survey the role in this resurgence of such precursors in the modernization of myth as Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud. It reviews the influence of writers including T. S. Eliot and Thomas Mann, who hailed the use of myth in modern literature and explains the distinction between primary and secondary myth. It suggests that fears of social chaos preceding and following World War I generated an urgent search for principles of order, which were fulfilled for many writers and artists by the striking and newly rediscovered Cretan myths.
The Other Cretans: Alienation, Invention, Liberation
Authors: Ziolkowski Theodore 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter, “The Other Cretans,“ briefly surveys literary treatments of the three principal Cretan women—Pasiphaë, Ariadne, and Phaedra—and then focuses on the shifting popularity of Daedalus and Icarus. While Daedalus initially held the foreground as the hero of scientific invention and technology, he was gradually displaced in popularity by his son, who came to public attention with the ascendancy of aviation and, in 1912, with the rediscovery of Pieter Bruegel's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. Icarus provided an appealing image of youthful rebellion and idealism as well as a personification of the poet. The chapter examines the case of the Italian resistance fighter Lauro de Bosis, whose life and death in 1931 eerily reenacted his poetic drama Icaro. It also examines some of the many poems that deal with Bruegel's painting.
Conclusion: The Modernity of Myth
Authors: Ziolkowski Theodore 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the manners in which the economic, aesthetic, psychological, and anthropological re-visions enabled precisely these three myths to be taken up as a mirror of the modern consciousness and suggests the essential modernity of myth as a vehicle for such ideas as sexual liberation, alienation, totalitarianism, technology, and personal liberation. It reviews the many forms and genres assumed from case to case by the three Cretan myths and concludes that their permeation of so many defining works of 20th-century literature, art, and musical drama convincingly demonstrates the remarkable resilience and modernity of ancient myth.
2 Methodology and the Study of Modernist Fiction
Authors: Gandal Keith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter discusses methodology and places the book in the context of related scholarship on the subject. In particular, it takes issue with literary scholarship whose approach is based on a history of ideas or discourses and thus eschews attention to authors' biographies, or experiences of authors — and thus ultimately ignores historical experiences.(It addresses Walter Michaels' Our America, which is an influential example of such scholarship that addresses modernist novels and their relationship to 1920s nativism.) The chapter also argues with studies of the relationship between modernist style and politics that give attention to stylistics per se, apart from plot and character. It discusses the common plot that unifies the 1920s novels at issue, discusses why critics have missed this plot, and offers an alternative argument about modernist style in the context of modernist plots and characters, as well as the historical context of the mobilization. In so doing, it traces the deconstruction of the sentimental novel of seduction by Progressive Era realist writers and the rise of the modernist, racist promiscuity plot, which the three 1920s novels at issue here share with each other, and with Djuna Barnes' Nightwood and Nathanael West's The Day of the Locust.
3 The Great Gatsby and the Great War Army
Authors: Gandal Keith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter argues that the plot and characters of Fitzgerald's famous novel can be illuminated with reference to historical events and figures connected to the mobilization. Gatsby himself, a poor ethnic American (who Anglicizes his Germanic name) is the beneficiary of a new military meritocracy that was extended to ethnic Americans with education or bilingual ability. As such, Gatsby is particularly receptive to the military's propaganda about its “new man,” the “clean” soldier who refrains from sexual activity abroad. Daisy meanwhile resembles the historical figure of the “charity girl,” the woman or girl who fraternized with soldiers at training camps and caused problems for military authorities, especially in terms of spreading venereal disease. (Thousands of such “charity girls” were arrested during the war.) The chapter also discusses Tom Buchanan and Nick Carraway in terms of historical developments during and after the war. Finally, the chapter contains an extended discussion of the army intelligence tests (they have previously been seen almost entirely in terms of their postwar exploitation by immigration restrictionists), considering them as part of a set of military personnel initiatives, which, though biased against immigrants and ethnic Americans overall, nonetheless extended wartime opportunities to educated and talented ethnic Americans.
4 The Sun Also Rises and “Mobilization Wounds”
Authors: Gandal Keith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter turns to Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and discusses its plot and characters in terms of the wartime meritocratic mobilization and the postwar development of Jewish quotas at universities and medical schools. Jake's famous genital war wound is elucidated as an emasculation due to being posted at a “joke front,” an emasculation that Hemingway suffered even more intensely because he was ineligible for armed service on physical grounds and ended up as a Red Cross ambulance driver at the same “joke front.” Meanwhile, Jewish Robert Cohn, Jake's rival for Brett, is explained in terms of his “military school” background (whose significance critics have missed) as well as his experience at Princeton University (which was a leader in terms of excluding the ethnic “other”). Hemingway, who has a problem with the military because of his own implicit rejection by it, sets up a contrast between Jewish Cohn, neurotic military schoolboy, and bullfighter Romero, the true warrior. Brett is discussed in terms of the figure of the charity girl.
5 The Sound and the Fury and Military Rejects
Authors: Gandal Keith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter takes up Faulkner's famous novel The Sound and the Fury. Again missing a crucial connection to the mobilization, critics have failed to understand Benjy as having been shaped by the extraordinary attention given to the problem of the feebleminded during the war: the army's intelligence testing was initially instituted to eliminate “mental defectives.” Although Fitzgerald and Hemingway's novels focus on ethnic Americans who have experienced nondiscriminatory opportunity (as well as subsequent backlash), Sound switches the focus to Anglos who don't qualify or are losing the competition in the context of a rising meritocracy. (Faulkner was one such real-life Anglo who was rejected by the army.) Idiot Anglo Benjy is the opposite of talented ethnic Gatsby. The chapter also discusses the love triangle among promiscuous Caddy, her lover Dalton Ames (a returning soldier), and her brother Quentin (a romantic, emasculated Anglo figure who is awed by Ames). The chapter finishes with a discussion of the novel's portrayal of African Americans, Jewish Americans, and Italian Americans, and discusses the portrayal of the last group in terms of the postwar exploitation of the intelligence test results by immigration restrictionists.
6 Postmobilization Romance
Authors: Gandal Keith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
These three authors, although compulsively writing out of a distress engendered by their “mobilization wounds,” learned by the time of writing their twenties masterpieces to submerge and transfigure this pain so as not to embarrass themselves with the revelation of their sense of inadequacy. All three had produced previous texts that openly address Anglo characters' humiliations in the military and so come off as bitter. The high modernism of Gatsby, Sun, A Farewell to Arms, and Sound, with its symbolism and its sense of tragedy (as opposed to bitterness), is a result of these authors developing the devices that allow them to disguise their mobilization traumas and thus to continue to exorcise them, but now obliquely. In Hemingway's and Faulkner's novels, “objective” sexual obstacles (injury, incest taboo) stand in for the military rejection that emasculated these Anglo authors, disguising and transfiguring it. Hemingway and Faulkner dignified the suffering of their Anglo alter egos by making their true loves impossible; Fitzgerald's alternative strategy for dignifying his sense of rejection was to split himself between two alter egos — one Anglo American and one ethnic American — and to give the experience of social rejection to a tragic character based only minimally on himself, namely, Gatsby.
Afterword Here We Go Again
Authors: Gandal Keith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This short Afterword concludes the book with a comparison between the post-World War I novels at issue and Burroughs's post-World War II novel. Burroughs's autobiographical novel seems at first glance a world away from the sublimations, projections, obfuscations, and tragic romanticisms of Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Faulkner. But on closer inspection, and despite the thrust of the Prologue and its conclusion that the narrator's drug addiction stems from a lack of motivation, Burroughs (along with his narrator) wanted to become an officer in World War II, but he was stymied in his substantial efforts to do so, much like the 1920s authors. Thus, his 1950s postmodern novel of “absent desire,” like the 1920s modernist novels of “impossible love,” is, on another level, a tale of a love or desire unrequited by the military. Given the US involvement in war in the 20th century — and the tremendous social upset, or accelerated modernizing, that mobilizing for world wars involves — along with the fact that the military was something like the supreme arbitrator of manhood in the world war eras, it is not surprising that there is a rich vein of what be called mobilization fiction in American literature, but it is a vein that has so far been mostly untapped.
Introduction
Authors: Maclean Kama 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Departing from the debates about the nature of communitas vis‐à‐vis Hindu pilgrimage, the study begins by pointing out some of the conceptual shortfalls that have plagued the study of pilgrimage. Aiming to bring a broader concept of power to the study of pilgrimages, the Introduction reflects upon the potential of a pan‐Hindu, mass pilgrimage in engendering the imagination of a “national” community. After briefly describing the Kumbh Mela genre of festivals and Allahabad's annual counterpart, the Magh Mela, the themes of the book are identified, a conceptual framework is delineated, and an overview of each of the chapters is given. The nature of available and accessible historical sources and their attendant assumptions that have underpinned the colonial administration and study of popular piety in India are set out and problematized