bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Comorbidity, Risk Adjustment, and Functional Status Measures in Expenditure Prediction for Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Maciejewski Matthew L. , Liu Chuan-Fen , Fihn Stephan D. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To compare the ability of generic comorbidity and risk adjustment measures, a diabetes-specific measure, and a self-reported functional status measure to explain variation in health care expenditures for individuals with diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study included a retrospective cohort of 3,092 diabetic veterans participating in a multisite trial. Two comorbidity measures, four risk adjusters, a functional status measure, a diabetes complication count, and baseline expenditures were constructed from administrative and survey data. Outpatient, inpatient, and total expenditure models were estimated using ordinary least squares regression. Adjusted R2 statistics and predictive ratios were compared across measures to assess overall explanatory power and explanatory power of low- and high-cost subgroups.
RESULTS—Administrative data–based risk adjusters performed better than the comorbidity, functional status, and diabetes-specific measures in all expenditure models. The diagnostic cost groups (DCGs) measure had the greatest predictive power overall and for the low- and high-cost subgroups, while the diabetes-specific measure had the lowest predictive power. A model with DCGs and the diabetes-specific measure modestly improved predictive power.
CONCLUSIONS—Existing generic measures can be useful for diabetes-specific research and policy applications, but more predictive diabetes-specific measures are needed.
Allopurinol and Nitric Oxide Activity in the Cerebral Circulation of Those With Diabetes
Authors: Dawson Jesse , Quinn Terry , Harrow Craig , Lees Kennedy R. , Weir Christopher J. , Cleland Stephen J. , Walters Matthew R. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes increases risk of stroke, perhaps because of impaired cerebrovascular basal nitric oxide (NO) activity. We investigated whether this activity is improved by a 2-week course of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. We measured the response to infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (l-NMMA) in males with type 2 diabetes before and after allopurinol or placebo. The primary end point was the change in internal carotid artery flow following l-NMMA infusion, expressed as the area under the flow-per-time curve.
RESULTS—We enrolled 14 participants. Allopurinol improved responses to l-NMMA when compared with responses associated with placebo (P = 0.032; median reduction in internal carotid artery flow following l-NMMA of 3,144 ml [95% CI 375–7,143]).
CONCLUSIONS—Xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol appears to improve cerebral NO bioavailability, as evidenced by a greater response to infusion of l-NMMA.
Metabolic Syndrome and Autoimmune Diabetes: Action LADA 3
Authors: Hawa Mohammed I. , Thivolet Charles , Mauricio Didac , Alemanno Irene , Cipponeri Elisa , Collier David , Hunter Steven , Buzzetti Raffaella , de Leiva Alberto , Pozzilli Paolo , Leslie Richard David G. ,   on behalf of the Action LADA Group
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to estimate whether prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult European diabetic patients is associated with type of diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A consecutive series of patients attending hospital-based diabetes clinics were assessed for the frequency of metabolic syndrome and compared with population-based control subjects as part of the Action LADA study. In total, 2,011 subjects (aged 30–70 years) were studied, including 1,247 patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes without glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAs), 117 non–insulin-requiring patients with GADAs who had not received insulin therapy for at least 6 months after diagnosis (designated latent autoimmune diabetes of adults [LADA]), 288 type 1 diabetic patients, and 359 normal subjects.
RESULTS—Frequency of metabolic syndrome was significantly different in patients with type 1 diabetes (31.9%) and LADA (41.9%) (P = 0.015) and in both conditions was less frequent than in type 2 diabetic patients (88.8%) (P &lt; 0.0001 for each). Eliminating glucose as a variable, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in patients with autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes and/or LADA) (17.3%) and control subjects (23.7%) but remained more common in type 2 diabetic patients (47.8%) (P = 0.001 for all groups). In both type 1 diabetic patients and those with LADA, individual components of metabolic syndrome were similar but less common than in type 2 diabetic patients (P &lt; 0.0001 for each).
CONCLUSIONS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in patients with LADA or adults with type 1 diabetes. Excluding glucose as a variable, metabolic syndrome is not more prevalent in patients with autoimmune diabetes than in control subjects. Metabolic syndrome is not a characteristic of autoimmune diabetes.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Youth With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: West Nancy A. , Hamman Richard F. , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Marcovina Santica M. , Liese Angela D. , Zeitler Philip S. , Daniels Stephen R. , Dabelea Dana 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among recently diagnosed youth with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic youth and investigate whether demographic, behavioral, or metabolic factors might account for observed differences.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from 106 type 2 diabetic and 189 nondiabetic multiethnic youth, aged 10–22 years, were analyzed. Prevalence of CVD risk factors were age and race/ethnicity adjusted using direct standardization. Multiple linear regression models were sequentially adjusted for demographic, behavioral (dietary saturated fat intake and physical activity), and metabolic (body adiposity and glycemia) factors to explore possible mechanisms associated with differences in CVD risk factors between the case and control groups.
RESULTS—Compared with control subjects, youth with type 2 diabetes had a higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure, obesity, large waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and high albumin-to-creatinine ratio (P &lt; 0.05 for each risk factor). Type 2 diabetic youth also had higher levels of apolipoprotein B, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein, and leptin; lower adiponectin levels; and denser LDL particles (P &lt; 0.05 for each risk factor). Adjustment for BMI, waist circumference, and A1C substantially attenuated differences in the CVD risk factors between the case/control groups, except for fibrinogen and IL-6, which remained significantly higher in type 2 diabetic youth.
CONCLUSIONS—Compared with control youth, type 2 diabetic youth have a less favorable CVD risk factor profile. Adiposity and glycemia are important contributors to differences in CVD risk profiles among type 2 diabetic and control youth. Inflammatory and prothrombotic factors may also play an important role.
Improved Pregnancy Outcome in Type 1 Diabetic Women With Microalbuminuria or Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Ringholm Nielsen Lene , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To describe pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetic women with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or diabetic nephropathy after implementation of an intensified antihypertensive therapeutic strategy.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Prospective study of 117 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Antihypertensive therapy, mainly methyldopa, was given to obtain blood pressure &lt;135/85 mmHg and urinary albumin excretion &lt;300 mg/24 h. Blood pressure and A1C were recorded during pregnancy. The pregnancy outcome was compared with recently published studies of pregnant women with microalbuminuria or diabetic nephropathy.
RESULTS—Antihypertensive therapy was given in 14 of 100 women with normoalbuminuria, 5 of 10 women with microalbuminuria, and all 7 women with diabetic nephropathy. Mean systolic blood pressure during pregnancy was 120 mmHg (range 101–147), 122 mmHg (116–135), and 135 mmHg (111–145) in women with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and diabetic nephropathy, respectively (P = 0.0095). No differences in mean diastolic blood pressure or A1C were detected between the groups. No women with microalbuminuria developed preeclampsia. The frequency of preterm delivery was 20% in women with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria in contrast to 71% in women with diabetic nephropathy (P &lt; 0.01) where the median gestational age was 258 days (220–260). Compared with previous studies using less stringent antihypertensive therapeutic strategy and less strict metabolic control, gestational age was longer and birth weight was larger in our study.
CONCLUSIONS—With intensified antihypertensive therapy and strict metabolic control, comparable pregnancy outcome was seen in type 1 diabetic women with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria. Although less severe than in previous studies, diabetic nephropathy was associated with more adverse pregnancy outcome.
Effect of Protein Kinase Cβ Inhibition on Renal Hemodynamic Function and Urinary Biomarkers in Humans With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cherney David Z.I. , Konvalinka Ana , Zinman Bernard , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Soosaipillai Anton , Reich Heather , Lorraine Joanne , Lai Vesta , Scholey James W. , Miller Judith A. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to examine the effect of protein kinase Cβ inhibition with ruboxistaurin on renal hemodynamic function and urinary biomarkers (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] and epidermal growth factor) in renin angiotensin system blockade-treated type 1 diabetic subjects.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Albuminuric subjects were randomized (2:1) to ruboxistaurin (32 mg daily; n = 13) or placebo (n = 7) for 8 weeks. Renal hemodynamic function was measured during clamped euglycemia or hyperglycemia and before and after ruboxistaurin or placebo.
RESULTS—Ruboxistaurin was not associated with between-group differences during clamped euglycemia or hyperglycemia. In a post hoc analysis comparing hyperfilterers with normofilterers during euglycemia, glomerular filtration rate and MCP-1 decreased, whereas the epidermal growth factor–to–MCP-1 ratio increased in hyperfilterers versus normofilterers (all P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—The effect of ruboxistaurin is modest and dependent, at least in part, on the level of ambient glycemia and baseline glomerular filtration rate.
Topological constraints on solar loop plasma instabilities and Alfvén waves
Authors: Garcia de Andrade Luiz 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Inhomogeneous plasmas-solar instabilities-are investigated by using the techniques of classical differential geometry for curves, where the Frenet torsion and curvature describe completely the motion of a curve. In our case, the Frenet frame changes in time and also depends upon the other coordinates, taking into account the inhomogeneity of the plasma. The exponential perturbation method, so commonly used to describe cosmological perturbations, is applied to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma equations to find modes describing Alfvén wave propagation in the medium of planar loops. Stability is investigated in the imaginary axis of the spectra of complex frequencies ω, i.e. $$
\Im
$$
m (ω) ≠ 0. A pratical guide for experimental solar physicists is given by computing the twist of force-free solar loops, which generalizes the Parker formula relating the twist to the Frenet torsion. In our expression the twist of the solar loops also depends on the abnormality of the normal vector of the frame.
Dielectric spectra in molecular single crystals
Authors: Bashirov Ferid , Gaisin Nail 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A theoretical description of the frequency-dependent, complex dielectric permittivity of molecular single crystals is given within the framework of the relaxation polarization mechanism. The extended angular jump model, accounting for the local symmetry distortion, simulates the hindered molecular motion. Both the real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity are anisotropic in all cases of point symmetry groups of molecule motion, except for those of the cubic crystallographic system. The three-dimensional graphs of dielectric spectra, which can be helpful in practical application, illustrate the predicted spectra.
The GTPase domain of Galphao contributes to the functional interaction of Galphao with the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein
Authors: Won Jung , Ghil Sung 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGo, one of the most abundant heterotrimeric G proteins in the brain, is classified as a member of the Gi/Go family based on its homology to Gi proteins. Recently, we identified promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) as a candidate downstream effector for the alpha subunit of Go (Gαo). Activated Gαo interacts with PLZF and augments its function as a repressor of transcription and cell growth. G protein-coupled receptor-mediated Gαo activation also enhanced PLZF function. In this study, we determined that the GTPase domain of Gαo contributes to Gαo:PLZF interaction. We also showed that the Gαo GTPase domain is important in modulating the function of PLZF. This data indicates that the GTPase domain of Gαo may be necessary for the functional interaction of Gαo with PLZF.
Stunning in radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease
Authors: Meyer P. T. , Ocklenburg C. , Knollmann D. , Nowak B. , Schaefer W. M. , Krohn T. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryIn radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease, a reduction of radioiodine uptake is known for consecutive administrations of 131I, which needs to be considered in therapy planning. Aim: Analysis of uptake reduction with regard on the time interval between radioiodine administration and the delivered dose to the thyroid tissue. Patients, methods: 200 patients were enrolled in the study and distributed into two groups (matched for diagnoses), each containing 32 patients with Graves' disease (target dose 250 Gy), 24 with focal (400 Gy), 44 with disseminated thyroid autonomy (150 Gy). In one group, a second fraction of radioiodine was given after 48 h (2d) due to an unexpected low radioiodine uptake or effective half-life, whereas in the other group the second fraction was given after 96 h (4d). Results: There was no significant difference between delivered doses due to the first fraction after four days: 2d: 86 ± 48 Gy (extrapolated) vs. 4d: 87 ± 41 Gy, p > 0.05. In 2d, delivered dose at time of second administration was significantly lower (51 ± 29 Gy) than in 4d (p < 0.01). The radioiodine uptake of the second fraction relative to the initial uptake was significantly lower in the 4d (4d: 63 ± 25% vs. 2d: 82 ± 24%, p < 0.01). In addition, a correlation between uptake reduction and delivered dose and an influence of the time interval between radioiodine administrations could be shown. Conclusions: Relative uptake of subsequent radioiodine fractions decreases with time after first administration and with increasing delivered dose to the thyroid. If a second fraction of 131I is given at an earlier time, the same therapeutic effect can be reached using lower amounts of activity, minimising radiation exposure and increasing efficiency of radioiodine therapy.
Relationship of coronary calcium and myocardial perfusion in individuals with chest pain
Authors: Brown T. L. Y. , Merrill J. , Hill P. , Bengel F. M. 
Published: October 2008

Summary
Aim: The integrated value of coronary calcium scoring added to myocardial perfusion assessment in hybrid PETCT imaging remains poorly defined. In the present study, we sought to determine the relationship between calcium burden, other risk factors, and tissue perfusion in a group of patients with chest pain and predominantly intermediate likelihood for coronary artery disease. Patients, methods: In 70 patients, coronary calcium scores (CCS) were obtained in addition to rest/dipyridamole stress 82Rb perfusion images using a GE Discovery Rx hybrid PET-CT system. From static perfusion images, summed rest, stress and difference scores (SRS, SSS, SDS) were calculated using a 20-segment model. Absolute CCS was determined according to Agatston and age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched CCS percentiles were calculated using the MESA database. Results: SSS, SRS and SDS were abnormal (.4) in 25 (36%), 17 (24%), and 12 (17%) patients. Mean CCS according to Agatston was 180 ± 446(range 0.2122), and CCS percentile was 42 ± 43(range 0.99). Absolute CCS correlated mildly but significantly with SSS (r = 0.31, p = 0.01), while CCS percentile did not (r = 0.11, p = 0.36). Of 49 patients with normal perfusion, 25 (57%) had CCS = 0, and 8 (18%) had a CCS percentile .75th. Of 35 patients with a CCS = 0, 26 (74%) had normal perfusion. Individuals in whom review of patient records revealed events during follow-up (n = 10) had significantly higher SSS than those where no events were recorded (6.0 ± 7.2 versus 2.9 ± 3.1, p = 0.03), and there was a trend towards higher CCS percentiles (62 ± 36 versus 35 ± 43, p = 0.06). Conclusion: Coronary calcifications and myocardial tissue perfusion, as interrogated in a single PET-CT imaging session, show only partial agreement in patients with chest pain. Both tests seem to reflect different pathophysiologic components, and may be complementary for definition of individual disease patterns.
Incidental detection of breast cancer by 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT in women suffering from neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Amthauer H. , Denecke T. , Steffen I. , Heuck F. , Stelter L. , Ruf J. , Elgeti F. 
Published: October 2008

Summary
Aim: Somatostatin receptor (sstr) imaging using 68Ga- DOTATOC-PET/CT in neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is promising, suggesting a more sensitive detection of lesions with a low sstr-expression. This is also important for other sstr positive tumors, especially breast cancer whose incidence and age-range is similar to that of NET. Patients, methods: The PET/CT data of 33 consecutive women with NET (age: 33–78 years, mean 59) who underwent whole-body staging with 68Ga-DOTATOC was retrospectively analyzed for breast lesions. The data was read separately, side-byside and as fused images. Focal tracer uptake in the breast was semiquantitatively analyzed by comparing the lesional SUVmax to normal breast tissue using Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Breast cancer lesions were compared visually to concomitant NET- lesions. Results: In six of 33 patients (18%) breast lesions were observed on the CT-scans and classified in four patients (12%) as suspicious. The same lesions also showed a pathological tracer uptake on the corresponding PET-scan, visually and semiquantitatively (p<0.01). Histological reevaluation of the suspicious lesions revealed two patients with NET metastases. Two patients had primary breast cancer with lower tracer uptake than concomitant abdominal NET-lesions. Breast cancer diagnosis resulted in a change of the therapeutic regimen. Conclusion: 68Ga- DOTATOC-PET/CT not only improves the staging of NET-patients, but also increases the chance to detect sstr-positive breast cancer. Although these lesions may show a lower tracer uptake than NET, they must not be overlooked or misinterpreted as metastases. Further imaging and clarification by histopathology is warranted, as the confirmation of a secondary malignoma has great impact on further therapeutic proceedings.
Interactions between brain, psyche and thyroid
Authors: Huff W. , Dietlein M. , Kobe C. , Schicha H. , Schmidt M. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryInteractions between brain, psyche and thyroid are known from historical descriptions of thyroidectomy (Kocher) and hyperthyroidism. However, their importance is often underscored in clinical routine. Thyroid hormone deficiency during pregnancy may result in irreversible mental retardation and requires levothyroxine substitution. TSH screening after delivery must identify newborns with congenital hypothyroidism: An early levothyroxine substitution and long term therapy control are required.Hypothyroidism and depression have many symptoms in common. Cognitive deficits and depressive states are often found in overt hypothyroidism, psychotic derangements are rare. Levothyroxine improves hypothyroid symptoms and mental performance, mood and motivation. Psychic symptoms of hyperthyroidism include agitation, irritability, mood disturbances, hyperactivity, anxiousness and even panic attacks. Manic and delusional states are rare. In geriatric patients hyperthyroidism may be oligosymptomatic. In psychiatric patients more frequent but unspecific disturbances of thyroid laboratory values being reversible without specific therapy have to be distinguished from rather rare but causative organic thyroid diseases with therapeutic consequences. Some psychiatric drugs influence thyroid laboratory results. Hypothyroidism in depressive patients is a negative prognostic parameter and requires therapy. Psychiatric symptoms associated with hypothyroidism are usually reversible under levothyroxine within 4–8 weeks. The standard for hypothyroidism is mono-levothyroxine therapy.
FDG-PET in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Dietlein M. , Mauz-Körholz C. , Engert A. , Borchmann P. , Sabri O. , Schober O. , Schicha H. , Kluge R. , Kobe C. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe high negative predictive value of FDG-PET in therapy control of Hodgkin lymphoma is proven by the data acquired up to now. Thus, the analysis of the HD15 trial has shown that consolidation radiotherapy might be omitted in PET negative patients after effective chemotherapy. Further response adapted therapy guided by PET seems to be a promising approach in reducing the toxicity for patients undergoing chemotherapy. The criteria used for the PET interpretation have been standardized by the German study groups for Hodgkin lymphoma patients and will be reevaluated in the current studies.
Contaminant
Authors: Pike Steve 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor Contaminant, Steve Pike designed and crafted a structure of Monitor Cells and Monitor Vessels that set out ‘to apprehend and develop locally present microbes’. Proving to be a significant investigation into the monitoring capability and responsiveness of the structure, the installation also exemplified an emergent, morphological aesthetic. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growing Semi‐Living Structures: Concepts and Practices for the Use of Tissue Technologies for Non‐Medical Purposes
Authors: Catts Oron , Zurr Ionat 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor over a decade, artist/researchers Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr have led the Tissue Culture and Art Project (TC&A), hosted in SymbioticA ‐ The Centre of Excellence in Biological Arts, the School of Anatomy and Human Biology at the University of Western Australia. It has provided a unique context for their explorations, enabling them to pioneer new ways of growing tissue for artistic purposes outside the ethical strictures of medical laboratories, while also subverting and questioning scientific tools and techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designer Surgeons
Authors: Cruz Marcos 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe advances of ever more complex visualisation and 3‐D modelling techniques in medicine have brought a new emphasis to surgery in which the surgeon's role has become more concerned with design than reconstruction, as the aesthetic of the finished human product becomes the main focus and reason for surgery. Marcos Cruz looks at some art projects that have questioned and extended this application of surgery and design, as well as asking what the implications are for architecture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.