bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transilluminated powered phlebectomy in the treatment of primary and recurrent varicose disease: six-month follow-up of 135 legs
Authors: Raussi M , Pakkanen J , Varila E , Kupi H , Saarinen J 
Published: September 2006

Objective: Tumescent anaesthesia and transillumination can be used in removing varicose veins (VV) together with a specially designed rotating resector device and suction drain system (transilluminated powered phlebectomy, TIPP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety, short-term results and learning curve of this novel technique in the treatment of primary and recurrent VV. Methods: A total of 135 legs in a cohort of 96 patients received surgery for varicose disease in one private hospital during a 14-month period. All operations were performed by a single surgeon using TIPP alone or together with hook phlebectomy and stripping of great or short saphenous vein. This retrospective data included the following issues: preoperative evaluation (Doppler or duplex), perioperative details (duration of operation, number of incisions, used techniques) and postoperative examination two weeks and six months after surgery (complications, short-term results). Results: The mean age was 48 years and 92 patients (96%) were women. There were 39 (41%) bilateral procedures and 78 legs (58%) had a recurrent varicose disease. The distribution of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathophysiological clinical class was as follows: class C2 16%, class C3 79% and class C4 5%. TIPP was performed without other surgical procedures in 29 (21%) legs. Duration of operation (mean) was 81 min in primary legs, and 84 min in recurrent cases. The number of incisions was 3.2 in primary legs and 4.5 in recurrent ones. Complications were noted in 11 (8%) of the legs two weeks postoperatively. Pigmentation was noted in 10 (7%) legs (10.3% in recurrent legs and 4.0% in primary legs) and residual VV in 11 (8%) after a six-month follow-up. No major complications (deep infection, deep venous thrombosis, fat embolism, pulmonary embolism) were found during the six-month follow-up. When the beginning of the learning curve (31 legs) was compared with subsequently operated 104 legs, there were more skin lesions (6.5 versus 0%; P < 0.05), and more residual VV in the follow-up (16 versus 8%; P < 0.05) at the early stage of the learning curve. However, no difference was noted in the incidence of pigmentation, infection, haematomas or lymphatic disorders. Conclusions: Rate of complications after TIPP is low in patients undergoing day-case surgery for varicose disease. The number of incisions is low in both primary and recurrent legs. Late pigmentation is not frequent, but the incidence of pigmentation is higher in recurrent legs. Residual varicosis is rarely seen in six-month follow-up.
The steepness of the dose response curve both for tumor cure and normal tissue injury
Authors: Stewart J. G. , Jackson A. W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAt the Christie Hospital in Manchester, 4 MeV radiation was introduced in 1955. In consequence of a lack of knowledge of absolute dose definition and R.B.E. factor, patients were treated over a range of dosage. Three hundred fourteen patients with laryngeal cancer, treated over a time interval of three weeks, received doses over a range of 5,000 rads to 5,800 rads. Recurrence, morbidity and necrosis rates are plotted against dose. In T1 tumors there is very little variation in recurrence rate, and such tumors may be safely treated at the lower doses thus avoiding morbidity and necrosis. T3 tumors, however, show a considerable variation in recurrence rate being 68 percent at the lower end of the range, dropping to 30 percent at the high end. Necrosis nil at the lower end rises to some 8 percent at the high end. The balance of advantage of tumor sterilization versus the disadvantage of normal tissue damage is discussed.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Language Function in Children
Authors: Anderson Dianne P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been recognised as a neuroimaging technique suitable for examination of higher cognitive function in children. It has been used to elucidate cognitive neural networks associated with various aspects of language function in several group and case studies of school-aged children. Language function has been lateralised and localised with fMRI in clinical samples, neurologically normal children and children with developmental language disorders. Issues of plasticity of language function during development and following injury have also been considered. Several paediatric case studies have also raised questions with respect to the interpretation of fMRI language activation. In spite of methodological challenges, fMRI has proved a useful technique for examination of the brain-behaviour relationship in developmental language functions. This paper reviews fMRI studies of language, including reading, in children.
Epidemiology of Hoffmeister's “Genetically Determined Predisposition to Disturbed Development of the Dentition” in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Stahl Franka , Grabowski Rosemarie , Wigger Katrin 
Published: September 2006

Objective Type and prevalence rates of the symptoms of Hoffmeister's “genetically determined predisposition to disturbed development of the dentition” were studied in patients with clefts. Patients Data of 263 patients with nonsyndromic clefts of lip (alveolus and palate) or isolated cleft palates were examined in a retrospective study. Setting The clefts were classified as cleft lip or cleft lip and alveolus, cleft palate, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. All patients were scrutinized for 28 individual symptoms. Prevalences of the individual symptoms were statistically evaluated regarding cleft type and gender by using the chi-square test and were also compared with findings in patients without clefts. Results In 97.7% of the patients with clefts, at least one symptom was found. Microdontia of individual teeth, hypodontia, and hyperodontia were the symptoms most frequently recorded. Comparison of the different cleft types revealed differences regarding the prevalences of supernumerary lateral incisors (p = .051), infraposition of deciduous molars (p < .001), and atypical tooth bud position (p = .030). Comparison of the prevalences of 10 symptoms recorded in the patients with clefts with the prevalences recorded in patients without clefts showed nine symptoms were found much more frequently in the population with clefts. Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis that clefting is part of a complex malformation associated with other dental anomalies resulting from disturbed development of the dentition. Patients with clefts are also likely to present other deficiencies of dental development and tooth eruption in both dentitions, even in regions not affected by the cleft.
Structural Birth Defects Associated with Oral Clefts in Hawaii, 1986 to 2001
Authors: Forrester Mathias B. , Merz Ruth D. 
Published: September 2006

Objective To identify structural birth defects that occur in association with oral clefts. Methods Data were obtained from a birth defects registry and included all infants and fetuses with cleft palate without cleft lip or cleft lip with or without cleft palate delivered from 1986 to 2001. For 47 specific structural birth defects, rates among oral cleft cases were compared with the rates among all infants and fetuses with major birth defects, excluding those with oral clefts. Results Among cleft palate only cases, the rates were significantly higher than expected for encephalocele, microcephaly, and syndactyly. Among cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, the rates were significantly higher than expected for anophthalmia/microphthalmia, single ventricle, reduction deformity of upper limbs, and reduction deformity of lower limbs. When cases of cleft palate only and cleft lip with or without cleft palate were compared as to the rates for particular birth defects, the rates of the defects were either higher or lower than expected in both oral cleft categories for 38 (81%) of the defects. Conclusions Certain birth defects were more frequently associated with oral clefts than might be expected. For the majority of defects, their patterns of association were similar between cleft palate without cleft lip and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
Evaluation of a participatory ergonomic intervention aimed at improving musculoskeletal health
Authors: Rivilis Irina , Cole Donald C. , Frazer Mardon B. , Kerr Michael S. , Wells Richard P. , Ibrahim Selahadin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundParticipatory ergonomic (PE) interventions have been increasingly utilized to deal with work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD).MethodsUsing a longitudinal quasi‐experimental design, a PE process was launched at one depot of a large courier company, with a nearby depot serving as a control. Evaluations focused on 122 employees across the two depots who participated in both pre‐ and post‐questionnaires. An evaluation framework assessed the process of implementation, changes in risk factors, and changes in musculoskeletal health outcomes. Partial and multiple regressions explored the relationships in the evaluation framework.ResultsChanges in work organizational factors had a consistent impact upon changes in health outcomes. Greater participation in the process was associated with increased levels of job influence and communication (P = 0.0059 andP = 0.0940 respectively). Improvements in communication levels were associated with reduced pain intensity and improved work role function (WRF) (P = 0.0077 andP = 0.0248 respectively). Lower levels of pain post‐intervention were related to greater WRF (P = 0.0493).ConclusionsA PE approach can improve risk factors related to WMSD, and meaningful worker participation in the process is an important aspect for the success of such interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:801–810, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The long and short of it: physical anchoring effects
Authors: LeBoeuf Robyn A. , Shafir Eldar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAttempts to reconstruct the magnitude of recently encountered physical stimuli were influenced by the provision of physical anchors. Whether estimating length, weight, or loudness, those increasing the magnitude of a relatively small (short, light, or quiet) physical anchor produced estimates that were reliably lower than did those decreasing the magnitude of a relatively large (long, heavy, or loud) anchor. Estimates produced without an anchor were also low, suggesting that when people physically adjust upwards from a self‐selected starting point, “no anchor” may, in fact, act as a very low anchor. Physical anchors appear to influence estimates of recently encountered physical stimuli, much as numerical anchors influence estimates of more abstract numerical quantities. Implications for processes underlying anchoring, adjustment, and related tasks are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreasing household television time: a pilot study of a combined behavioral and environmental intervention
Authors: Gorin Amy , Raynor Hollie , Chula‐Maguire Kim , Wing Rena 
Published: September 2006

AbstractExcessive TV viewing is associated with weight gain across the lifespan; thus developing strategies to decrease household viewing time may be an effective obesity prevention approach. This pilot study (n = 6 families) examined the feasibility and short‐term impact of a 2‐pronged environmental plus behavioral approach designed to reduce TV time in the entire family. The environmental manipulation involved placing TV Allowances (programmed to turn off power after family members had watched 75% of their baseline hours) on all TVs in the home. A kit with behavioral strategies for reducing TV time was also sent to the home each week and family members self‐monitored viewing time. Viewing was objectively assessed with the TV Allowances at baseline and at 8 weeks. A significant decrease in objectively measured TV viewing hours was observed, t(5) = 3.1, p = 0.03, 29.8 ± 10.3 versus 14.9 ± 6.0 h (equivalent of decreasing from 7.5 to 3.7 h per day). Fifty percent of families reduced their viewing time by ≥50%. The acceptability of the intervention was high, with 100% of families reporting they would recommend the TV Allowances to others. Further research is needed to test the long‐term efficacy of the program and its impact on weight. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caveolin‐1 polarization in migrating endothelial cells is directed by substrate topology not chemoattractant gradient
Authors: Santilman Virginie , Baran JoAnne , Anand‐Apte Bela , Fox Paul L. , Parat Marie‐Odile 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPolarization is a hallmark of migrating cells, and an asymmetric distribution of proteins is essential to the migration process. Caveolin‐1 is highly polarized in migrating endothelial cells (EC). Several studies have shown caveolin‐1 accumulation in the front of migrating EC while others report its accumulation in the EC rear. In this paper we address these conflicting results on polarized localization of caveolin‐1. We find evidence for the hypothesis that different modes of locomotion lead to differences in protein polarization. In particular, we show that caveolin‐1 is primarily localized in the rear of cells migrating on a planar substrate, but in the front of cells traversing a three‐dimensional pore. We also show that a chemoattractant, present either as a gradient or ubiquitously in the medium, does not alter caveolin‐1 localization in cells in either mode of locomotion. Thus we conclude that substrate topology, and not the presence of a chemoattractant, directs the polarization of caveolin‐1 in motile ECs. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tau interacts with Golgi membranes and mediates their association with microtubules
Authors: Farah Carole Abi , Perreault Sébastien , Liazoghli Dalinda , Desjardins Mylène , Anton Angela , Lauzon Michel , Paiement Jacques , Leclerc Nicole 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTau, a microtubule‐associated protein enriched in the axon, is known to stabilize and promote the formation of microtubules during axonal outgrowth. Several studies have reported that tau was associated with membranes. In the present study, we further characterized the interaction of tau with membranous elements by examining its distribution in subfractions enriched in either Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from rat brain. A subfraction enriched with markers of the medial Golgi compartment, MG160 and mannosidase II, presented a high tau content indicating that tau was associated with these membranes. Electron microscope morphometry confirmed the enrichment of this subfraction with Golgi membranes. Double‐immunogold labeling experiments conducted on this subfraction showed the direct association of tau with vesicles labeled with either an antibody directed against MG160 or TGN38. The association of tau with the Golgi membranes was further confirmed by immunoisolating Golgi membranes with an anti‐tau antibody. Immunogold labeling confirmed the presence of tau on the Golgi membranes in neurons in vivo. Overexpression of human tau in primary hippocampal neurons induced the formation of large Golgi vesicles that were found in close vicinity to tau‐containing microtubules. This suggested that tau could serve as a link between Golgi membranes and microtubules. Such role for tau was demonstrated in an in vitro reconstitution assay. Finally, our results showed that some tau isoforms present in the Golgi subfraction were phosphorylated at the sites recognized by the phosphorylation‐dependent antibodies PHF‐1 and AT‐8. CellMotil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced remeshing from STL files with applications to surface grid generation
Authors: Wang Desheng , Hassan Oubay , Morgan Kenneth , Weatherill Nigel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a robust and efficient technique for surface meshing based on Stereolithography (STL) surface definition. Ridges are correctly identified using checks on dihedral angle and comparisons of the ratio of triangle edge lengths. Robust edge swapping, splitting and contraction are performed with stringent element validity checks. The improved remeshing technique is applied directly to CAD models and it is also used to improve surface triangulations which are reconstructed from sectional contours extracted from medical images. All the application examples, including the circulatory system and the urinary system, demonstrate that the enhanced remeshing procedure is robust and efficient for surface grid generation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of material distribution in functionally graded structures with stress constraints
Authors: Stump Fernando V. , Silva Emílio C. N. , Paulino Glaucio H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis work describes a topology optimization framework to design the material distribution of functionally graded structures considering mechanical stress constraints. The problem of interest consists in minimizing the volumetric density of a material phase subjected to a global stress constraint. Due to the existence of microstructure, the micro‐level stress is considered, which is computed by means of a mechanical concentration factor using a p‐norm of the Von Mises stress criterium (applied to the micro‐level stress). Because a 0–1 (void–solid) material distribution is not being sought, the singularity phenomenon of stress constraint does not occur as long as the material at any point of the medium does not vanish and it varies smoothly between material 1 and material 2. To design a smoothly graded material distribution, a material model based on a non‐linear interpolation of the Hashin–Strikhman upper and lower bounds is considered. Consistently with the framework adopted here in, the so‐called ‘continuous approximation of material distribution’ approach is employed, which considers a continuous distribution of the design variable inside the finite element. As examples, the designs of functionally graded disks subjected to centrifugal body force are presented. The method generates smooth material distributions, which are able to satisfy the stress constraint. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pattern precision shows that Drosophila segmentation develops substantial independence from gradients of maternal gene products
Authors: Holloway David M. , Harrison Lionel G. , Kosman David , Vanario‐Alonso Carlos E. , Spirov Alexander V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe analyze the relation between maternal gradients and segmentation in Drosophila, by quantifying spatial precision in protein patterns. Segmentation is first seen in the striped expression patterns of the pair‐rule genes, such as even‐skipped (eve). We compare positional precision between Eve and the maternal gradients of Bicoid (Bcd) and Caudal (Cad) proteins, showing that Eve position could be initially specified by the maternal protein concentrations but that these do not have the precision to specify the mature striped pattern of Eve. By using spatial trends, we avoid possible complications in measuring single boundary precision (e.g., gap gene patterns) and can follow how precision changes in time. During nuclear cleavage cycles 13 and 14, we find that Eve becomes increasingly correlated with egg length, whereas Bcd does not. This finding suggests that the change in precision is part of a separation of segmentation from an absolute spatial measure, established by the maternal gradients, to one precise in relative (percent egg length) units. Developmental Dynamics 235:2949–2960, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phases of myogenic cell activation and possible role of dermomyotome cells in teleost muscle formation
Authors: Steinbacher P. , Haslett J.R. , Six M. , Gollmann H.P. , Sänger A.M. , Stoiber W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPresent knowledge indicates that fibre recruitment (hyperplasia) in developing teleost fish occurs in three distinct phases. However, the origin and relationship of the myogenic precursors activated during the different phases remains unclear. Here, we address this issue using molecular techniques on embryos and larvae of pearlfish, a large cyprinid species. Results provide comprehensive molecular characterisation of cell recruitment over the three phases of myogenesis, identifying muscle types as they arise. Specifically, we show that the myogenic cells arising during 2nd phase myogenesis are clearly different from the myogenic cells arising during the 3rd phase and that the dermomyotome is a major source of myogenic cells driving 2nd phase hyperplasia. These findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the generality of vertebrate developmental patterns. Developmental Dynamics 235:3132–3143, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic Green Solvents from Renewable Resources
Authors: Imperato Giovanni , König Burkhard , Chiappe Cinzia 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNature provides a vast new vista of opportunities for the preparation of new recyclable solvents. Natural compounds have been recently used to prepare the cationic or anionic moiety of room‐temperature ionic liquids. In many cases, these new solvents, based on modifications of natural products, contain chiral centres and/or specific functional groups. This paper is an overview in an area of research that is destined for rapid development and expansion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Intergroup contact and intergroup attitudes: a longitudinal study
Authors: Brown Rupert , Eller Anja , Leeds Sarah , Stace Kim 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA longitudinal study (N = 109) of interschool contact and attitudes was conducted to test Allport's (1954) Contact Hypothesis and Brown and Hewstone's (2005) addendum to it on the moderating role of typicality in the contact‐attitude relationship. Three different measures of intergroup attitude were employed, including a new measure of infrahumanisation (Leyens et al., 2000). Support for the hypotheses was found on all three measures in the longitudinal analyses. Quantity of contact with a member of the outgroup was consistently associated with more favourable attitudes towards the outgroup as a whole. Importantly, contact was found to predict attitude but the reverse causal path was not significant. Also, on one measure there was an indication that the effects of contact quality were more beneficial when the contact persons were seen as typical of the outgroup than when they were not. It is concluded that, as originally hypothesised by Allport, contact with members of an outgroup can improve intergroup attitudes, but especially if those people can be seen as representative of their group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.