bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer
Authors: Belibasakis Georgios N. , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath , Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda , Vo Phuc Thi‐Duy , Bostanci Nagihan , Choi Youngnim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt has long been considered that the oral microbiome is tightly connected to oral health and that dysbiotic changes can be detrimental to the occurrence and progression of dysplastic oral mucosal lesions or oral cancer. Improved understanding of the concepts of microbial dysbiosis together with advances in high‐throughput molecular sequencing of these pathologies have charted in greater microbiological detail the nature of their clinical state. This review discusses the bacteriome and mycobiome associated with oral mucosal lesions, oral candidiasis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, aiming to delineate the information available to date in pursuit of advancing diagnostic and prognostic utilities for oral medicine.
Fanon's approach to phenomenology and psychoanalysis
Authors: Gordon Lewis R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article distinguishes thought on phenomenology and psychoanalysis versus doing phenomenology and psychoanalysis and argues that while Fanon was primarily concerned with the latter, his thought also offers contributions to the former. They include methodological critique and an interrogation into the human sciences that includes a psychoanalytical decolonial critical reflection on science linked to open possibilities of human conditions.
N95 respirators alter facial skin physiological functions and lipidome composition in health care personnel
Authors: Li Min , Wang Feifei , Tao Meng , Zhang Yue , Pan Ruoxin , Gu Duoduo , Zhong Hui , Xu Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, wearing medical respirators and masks was essential to prevent transmission.ObjectiveTo quantify the effects of N95 mask usage by measuring facial skin biophysical characteristics and changes in the lipidome.MethodsSixty healthy volunteers wore N95 respirators for 3 or 6 h. Facial images were acquired and physiological parameters were measured in specific facial areas, before and after mask‐wearing. Lipidome analysis was also performed.ResultsAfter N95 respirator usage, facial erythema was observed in both the 3 and 6 h groups. Both sebum secretion and trans‐epidermal water loss increased significantly in mask‐covered cheeks and chins after 6 h of mask wearing compared with before mask wearing (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed significant differences in lipid composition after mask wearing compared with before. The ceramide subclass NS exhibited a positive correlation with stratum corneum hydration, whereas the AP subclass was negatively correlated with trans‐epidermal water loss in the 6 h group.ConclusionProlonged wear of N95 respirators may impair facial skin function and alter lipidome composition.
Using simulation to teach paediatric complex care
Authors: Bruton Lucas , Spewak Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraining paediatric residents regarding the care of children with medical complexity (CMC) remains an important challenge given how frequently these patients are treated by trainees and the lack of educational activities specific to these patients. Our goal was to develop and assess a novel simulation regarding the acute care of CMC to improve residents' perceived confidence in areas related to CMC care.ApproachWe developed a case of a patient with multiple chronic medical conditions who presented with acute vital sign changes and worsening discomfort due to an occult femur fracture related to a recent transfer. Paediatric residents worked in teams to complete a full physical exam, create a differential diagnosis, evaluate laboratory and imaging results and create a management plan.EvaluationThirty‐three residents out of a total possible sample of 97 (34%) participated in the simulation, which was evaluated using pre‐ and post‐surveys immediately before and after the simulation assessing resident confidence completing tasks related to CMC care. Residents perceived significant improvement in confidence regarding evaluating a differential diagnosis of vital sign and exam changes in CMC (p = 0.023), managing vital sign and exam changes in CMC (p = 0.009) and communicating with team members of CMC (p = 0.049).ImplicationsAn innovative high‐fidelity and low‐stakes simulation was effective in teaching trainees about acute management of concerns related to CMC. This simulation may be appropriate for implementation at other institutions, serving as a foundation for use in resident education regarding CMC.
Association rule mining of air quality through an improved Apriori algorithm: A case study in 244 Chinese cities
Authors: Shen Keyi , Tian Ye , Hu Bisong , Luo Jin , Qi Shuhua , Chen Songli , Lin Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPredicting air pollution is complex due to intertwined factors among local climate, built environment, and development stages. This study leverages K‐means clustering and an improved Apriori algorithm to investigate the combined effects of local meteorological, morphological, and socioeconomic factors on air quality in 244 prefectural‐level Chinese cities. Results reveal that the secondary industry in GDP and saturation vapor pressure strongly relate to air quality. Severe air pollution occurs when urban development is coupled with reduced green areas and high temperatures, confirming that a single factor cannot predict air quality well. For example, we find that combining low population, low regional GDP, high maximum temperatures, and longer roads worsens air quality in small urban built‐up areas. Additionally, temperature and altitude differences associate with highway passenger volume, regional GDP, and population differently. Given our rules mining methods have broader applications in diversified urban environments, this study provides new insights for improving air quality and local Sustainable Development Goals.
Creative fictions: Incentive work and humanitarian labour in South Sudan
Authors: Newhouse Léonie S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe career of the incentive has been meteoric and global, cropping up in peace‐building, state‐building, global health, and humanitarian contexts across the world. In this paper, I consider incentive work from the vantage point of independence‐era South Sudan. In doing so, I build conversations between geography and spatially sensitive anthropology about the power of social forms to shape action, through an attention to the porous and polyvalent logics of legitimation entailed in ‘creative fictions’. Attention to the modes of legitimation help to understand not only what social forms do, but also how they emerge, travel, and are appropriated and repurposed for use by new sets of actors. In tracing the transit of incentive work from development practice into humanitarian programming, I understand incentive work as a creative fiction—an intangible social form that animates and channels action to generative ends. While incentive work emerged as a tidy solution to constraints within the humanitarian sector on who might be paid for what kind work, the social form of incentive work proliferated. Set free from those constraints, incentive work offered up channels of accumuclation to new actors—including mid‐level state functionaries—by mobilizing and ligitimating claims on un‐ and under‐compensated labour though a call to voluntas, the morally inflected volitional ethos of volunteerism.
Evaluation of platelets componentized with the Reveos Automated Blood Processing System and stored for 7 days at room temperature in a non‐Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) platelet pooling set
Authors: Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin M. , Perez Samantha L. , Ferdin Justin N. , Meledeo Michael A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet concentrates (PCs) used for transfusion can be produced by apheresis or derived from whole blood (WB). The Reveos device is the first US Food and Drug Administration‐approved automated blood processing system that can produce PCs. In this work, we evaluated the quality and function of Reveos‐collected PCs stored for 7 days at room temperature.Study Design and MethodsWB was collected from healthy donors and componentized on the day of collection (Fresh) or after an overnight hold (Overnight). PCs were produced (n = 7 Fresh; n = 6 Overnight), stored at room temperature in plasma, and evaluated on days 1 and 7 for quality metrics, platelet activation, clot formation, and aggregation response.ResultsPlatelet count was comparable between Fresh and Overnight PCs. A drop in pH was reported in Fresh day 7 PCs (p < .001, vs. day 1) but not in Overnight. Overnight units displayed the lowest levels of P‐selectin expression (p = .0008, vs. day 7 Fresh). Reduced clot strength and increased lysis were observed in both Fresh and Overnight units on day 7 (vs. day 1). Overnight‐hold PCs resulted in the highest clot strength on day 7 (p = .0084, vs. Fresh). No differences in aggregation were reported between groups.ConclusionReveos‐processed PCs produced from overnight‐hold WB performed better in hemostatic function assays and displayed reduced activation compared to fresh WB‐derived PCs, although both PC groups maintained platelet quality throughout storage. Utilization of overnight WB for PC preparation with Reveos holds promise as an alternative method of producing platelets for transfusion purposes.
Sodium iodide symporter immunolabelling as a predictor of clinical iodide uptake in canine thyroid carcinoma: A preliminary study
Authors: Dark Katelin V. , Skinner Owen T. , Kim Dae Young , Karnia James J. , Mickelson Megan A. , Maitz Charles A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThyroid follicular tumours may take up iodide via the sodium‐iodide symporter. Knowledge of iodide uptake could then allow treatment with I‐131 in dogs with high‐risk tumours. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between clinically detectable iodide uptake (as determined by scintigraphy and/or thyroxine concentrations) and sodium iodide symporter immunohistochemical labelling on histologically fixed thyroid tumours. Nineteen dogs were identified who were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and underwent surgery from November 2017 to July 2021. All had recorded thyroid hormone concentrations and were hyperthyroid and/or underwent preoperative nuclear imaging using planar scintigraphy (technetium‐99m or I‐123), or I‐124 PET‐CT. All dogs subsequently underwent surgery to remove the thyroid mass. Twenty‐two tumours were submitted for histopathologic analysis immediately following surgery, which confirmed a diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma for each tumour. Images and/or thyroid hormone concentrations were reviewed for the included cases, and tumours were sorted into an avid/functional group (group 1) and a non‐avid/functional group (group 2). The tumour tissues were re‐examined histologically using sodium iodide symporter (NIS) immunohistochemistry (IHC). Group 1 contained 15 avid/functional tumours. Twelve of these tumours had membranous NIS IHC labelling. Group 2 contained 7 non‐avid tumours. One of these tumours had membranous NIS IHC labelling. This resulted in an overall sensitivity and specificity for identification of avid/functional tumours with membranous NIS of 80.0% and 85.7%, respectively. NIS IHC may predict ion trapping in canine follicular thyroid tumours. Further studies using iodide‐based imaging are warranted to better determine the clinical utility of this diagnostic modality.
The association of bacterial agents and flagellated protozoans in the etiopathogenesis of subspectacular abscesses in snakes
Authors: Hellebuyck Tom , Kotyk Michael , Solanes Vilanova Ferran , Čepička Ivan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the etiology, clinical pathology, and treatment of subspectacular abscesses (SAs) in 16 snakes.Animals StudiedSixteen snakes from private captive collections that were presented at a veterinary teaching hospital and diagnosed with SAs.ProceduresExudate was collected from SAs via percutaneous aspiration or by performing a partial spectaculectomy and submitted to direct light microscopic examination and/or microbiological examination.ResultsBacterial isolates were cultured from exudate samples in 12 out of 16 snakes and comprised Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that showed identical antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in seven cases. Direct light microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of flagellated protozoa in the exudate in 10 out of 16 snakes and in all of these snakes, concurrent oropharyngeal flagellated protozoan infection could be demonstrated. Combined flagellated protozoan and bacterial SA infection was demonstrated in six snakes. Comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences of flagellated protozoans that were detected in the exudate of SAs from four snakes revealed they represented the parabasalians Monocercomonas colubrorum and Hypotrichomonas acosta in one and three cases, respectively. In all snakes, successful treatment of the SAs was achieved following surgical debridement of the subspectacular space combined with antimicrobial treatment.ConclusionBacteria as well as flagellates are considered to reach the subspectacular space through ascending infection from the oral cavity via the lacrimal duct. Although opportunistic bacterial infection presumably constitutes the predominant cause of SAs in snakes, the role of flagellate infection in the pathogenesis of this disorder should be further elucidated.
Moments of zeta and correlations of divisor‐sums: Stratification and Vandermonde integrals
Authors: Baluyot Siegfred , Conrey Brian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe refine a recent heuristic developed by Keating and the second author. Our improvement leads to a new integral expression for the conjectured asymptotic formula for shifted moments of the Riemann zeta‐function. This expression is analogous to a formula, recently discovered by Brad Rodgers and Kannan Soundararajan, for moments of characteristic polynomials of random matrices from the unitary group.
Integral Transform Solution for Natural Convection Within Horizontal Concentric Annular Cavities
Authors: Pereira Luiz M. , Quaresma João N. N. , Pérez Guerrero Jesús S. , Cotta Renato M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Natural convection inside horizontal concentric annular cavities is dealt with through the generalized integral transform technique (GITT), offering a hybrid numerical-analytical solution of the continuity, Navier–Stokes, and energy equations in cylindrical coordinates. The flow is in steady-state, laminar regime, two-dimensional, buoyancy-induced, and the governing equations are written in the streamfunction-only formulation. Two strategies of integral transformation are adopted to verify the best computational performance, namely, the usual one with eigenvalue problems for both streamfunction and temperature defined in the radial variable, and a novel alternative with eigenvalue problems defined in the azimuthal angular coordinate. First, the eigenfunction expansions convergence behavior is analyzed to critically compare the two integral transform solution strategies. Then, test cases for different aspect ratios and Rayleigh numbers are validated with experimental data from the classical work of Kuehn and Goldstein. A maximum relative deviation of 5% is found comparing the GITT results for the average Nusselt number against the experimental data, while an 8% maximum relative deviation is found comparing against an empirical correlation by the same authors. It is concluded that the GITT solution with the eigenvalue problem in the angular coordinate yields better convergence rates than the more usual eigenfunction expansion in the radial variable. This is due to the originally homogeneous boundary conditions in the angular direction, which do not require filtering for convergence enhancement, as opposed to the required filter in the radial direction that introduces a source term in the filtered equation for the streamfunction.
Effect of Strip-Fin Height on Jet Impingement Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel at Two Jet-to-Target Surface Spacings
Authors: Alzahrani Yasser S. , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An experimental investigation of heat transfer performance in a rectangular impingement channel featuring staggered strip-fins was completed. Four configurations were considered to study the effects of varying the strip-fin height (H/d = 1.5 and 2.75) at two jet-to-target surface spacings (z/d = 3 and 6) on the heat transfer, pressure loss, and crossflow magnitude for a long impingement channel with in-line, 4 × 12 impinging jets. Also, the effect of the reference temperature choice, either jet inlet temperature or local bulk temperature, for calculating the local heat transfer coefficients was considered. The regionally averaged heat transfer coefficients were measured at seven Reynolds numbers, based on the jet diameter (10k–70k) utilizing the copper plate experimental method. The empirical correlations were expressed for the area averaged Nusselt number estimation of impingement channels with strip-fin or pin-fin roughness elements. The results showed that the long strip-fin channel with z/d = 3 provided the best thermal performance. The discharge coefficients are similar for all configurations between Rejet = 10k and 50k. The results are compared with the impingement channels with conventional pin-fins. They show that strip-fin channels provide lower pressure drop with marginally better heat transfer coefficients compared to the conventional pin-fin channels. However, when the channel weight is considered, strip-fins would increase the roughness material volume more than the conventional pin-fins.
The Design and Optimization of Additively Manufactured Radial Compressor of a Miniature Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Ergin Cagdas C. , Verstraete Tom , Saracoglu Bayindir H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a multidisciplinary design methodology for a single-stage radial compressor of a small-scale gas turbine jet engine. The entire engine, producing more than 600 N thrust with an engine diameter of less than 30 cm, will be manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) in a single piece. Therefore, it is crucial to pinpoint the design limitations that may arise due to the AM methods. The preliminary design calculations are carried out in the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI's) in-house centrifugal compressor off-design (CCOD) code. The detailed design and optimization studies coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to improve the aerodynamic performance of the radial compressor by using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method with an Adjoint solver in the VKI's in-house computer aided design and optimization (CADO) tool. In the final design, a large increase in thrust is obtained and the manufacturing constraints are satisfied.
Experimental Analysis of the Improvement of Heat Transfer in Tube Heat Exchangers Via Passive Flow Generators Using Wire Coil Inserts
Authors: Ibrahim Farah Arina , Muhamad Mohd Ridha , Mohd Zubir Mohd Nashrul , Omar Mohd Bin , Siri Zailan , Hasan Rony Mehedy , Eid Mohamed Moustafa Abdelhalim Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Due to their high performance and low-cost demands, internally treated tube heat exchanger surfaces are one of the passive heat transfer enhancements that have caught the industry's attention. At bulk temperatures of 30 °C, an experiment for the insertion of 1 mm and 0.5 mm wire coils with a constant pitch length of 8 mm was carried out in this study. The results on the improvement of heat transfer, including the velocity profile, Nusselt number (6000 &lt; Re &lt; 20,000), friction factor, and thermal enhancement efficiency, were significant. Based on a lower surface temperature recorded beyond the uncertainty value, the results demonstrated an improvement in heat transfer for smaller diameter of wire coil inserts. It's interesting that this improvement is concentrated at low Reynolds numbers, indicating that there may be a point at which an increase in wire thickness does not necessarily result in an equivalent improvement in heat transfer. For both wire thicknesses, a Nusselt number increase of up to five times was visible. The friction factor penalty, however, varies depending on the wire thickness, with a higher magnitude (3.2-fold increase) obtained for 1 mm as opposed to a 1.8-fold increase for the lower counterpart. This distinction results in the 0.5 mm coil insert gaining better overall performance with an average of 2.2 for the thermal performance ratio, further solidifying the advantage of this technique for enhancing heat transfer in conduits. The diameter of the wire coil is found to be a key factor in improving heat transfer and convection on the boundary layer surface.
The Optimization of Distribution and Fan Parameters in Heat Treatment Furnaces Through the Integration of Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Jinfu , Xu Mingzhe , Wang Li , Zhao Tengxiang , Kong Ling , Yang Haokun , Huang Zhixin , Wang Yuhui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study employed numerical simulation technology to investigate the distribution of workpieces within a low-temperature trolley heat furnace and analyze the influence of circulating fan parameters on heat treatment quality. This analysis was integrated with machine learning technology to guide heat treatment production. The research findings indicate that when the number of workpieces remains constant, their position has a significant impact on airflow velocity distribution, heating rate, and temperature uniformity within the furnace. Additionally, wind pressure from the circulating fan affects both fluid field and temperature field; the increasing wind pressure leads to higher flow rates in the furnace as well as increases heating rates for workpieces. Heating efficiency exhibits a nonlinear relationship with wind pressure increment. By adjusting air pressure distribution from the circulating fan, workpiece temperature uniformity can be improved by 64%. Furthermore, machine learning technique demonstrates excellent performance in predicting workpiece temperatures with a maximum relative error of 2.4%, while maintaining consistent trends in temperature uniformity.
Metabolic mechanism and pharmacological study of albendazole in secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) model rats
Authors: Li Chaoqun , zhang Yaogang , Pang Mingquan , Zhang Yong , Hu Chunhui , Fan Haining 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Albendazole (ABZ) is the primary treatment for alveolar echinococcosis (AE); however, its limited solubility impacts oral bioavailability, affecting therapeutic outcomes. In this study, various ABZ-solubilizing formulations, including albendazole crystal dispersion system (ABZ-CSD), albendazole hydrochloride-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate composite (T
ABZ-HCl-H
), and albendazole hydroxyethyl sulfonate-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate composite (T
ABZ-HES-H
), were developed and evaluated. Physicochemical properties as well as liver enzyme activity were analyzed and their pharmacodynamics in an anti-secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) rat model were investigated. The formulations demonstrated improved solubility, exhibiting enhanced inhibitory effects on microcysts in HAE model rats compared to albendazole tablets. However, altered hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in HAE model rats led to increased ABZ levels and reduced ABZ-SO production, potentially elevating drug toxicity. These findings emphasize the importance of dose adjustments in patient administration, considering the impact of alveolar echinococcosis on rat hepatic drug metabolism.