bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MDIVI-1 ALLEVIATES SEPSIS-INDUCED LIVER INJURY BY INHIBITING STING SIGNALING ACTIVATION
Authors: Zhang Qin , Liu Zhuanhua , Huang Xiaoxia , Heng Xin , Wu Jie , Chen Zhenfeng , Guo Xiaohua , Fan Jun , Huang Qiaobing 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Proinflammatory hyperactivation of Kupffer cells (KCs) is foremost involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced liver injury. Our previous study found that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling was activated in KCs in response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and knocking down dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in KCs effectively inhibited the activation of STING signaling and the subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated that in vivo treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), a selective inhibitor of DRP1, alleviated cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced liver injury with the improvement of liver pathology and function. Moreover, we found that STING in liver was mainly concentrated in KCs and STING signaling was significantly activated in KCs after CLP. The STING deficiency effectively ameliorated liver injury and decreased the mortality of septic mice, which were reversely worsened by the enhanced activation of STING with DMXAA. The further study showed that Mdivi-1 markedly attenuated STING signaling activation in KCs and inhibited systemic inflammatory response. Importantly, DMXAA application in CLP mice blunted Mdivi-1’s liver protection effect. Taken together, our study confirmed Mdivi-1 effectively alleviated CLP-induced liver injury partially through inhibiting STING signaling activation in KCs, which provides new insights and a novel potential pharmacological therapeutic target for treating septic liver injury.
The sensitivity of limited-sequence magnetic resonance imaging in identifying pediatric cervical spine injury: A Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Melhado Caroline , Durand Rachelle , Russell Katie W. , Polukoff Natalya E. , Rampton John , Iyer Rajiv R. , Acker Shannon N. , Koehler Richele , Prendergast Connor , Stence Nicholas , O'Neill Brent , Padilla Benjamin E. , Jamshidi Ramin , Vaughn Jennifer A. , Ronecker Jennifer S. , Selesner Leigh , Lofberg Katrine , Regner Michael , Thiessen Jaclyn , Sayama Christine , Spurrier Ryan G. , Ross Erin E. , Liu Chia-Shang Jason , Chu Jason , McNevin Kathryn , Beni Catherine , Robinson Bryce R.H. , Linnau Ken , Buckley Robert T. , Chao Stephanie D. , Sabapaty Akanksha , Tong Elizabeth , Prolo Laura M. , Ignacio Romeo , Sachs Gretchen Floan , Kruk Peter , Gonda David , Ryan Mark , Pandya Samir , Koral Korgun , Braga Bruno P. , Auguste Kurtis , Jensen Aaron R. ,   on behalf of the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium Cervical Spine Injury Study Group
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION
Clinical clearance of a child's cervical spine after trauma is often challenging because of impaired mental status or an unreliable neurologic examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the criterion standard for excluding ligamentous injury in children but is constrained by long image acquisition times and frequent need for anesthesia. Limited-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (LSMRI) is used in evaluating the evolution of traumatic brain injury and may also be useful for cervical spine clearance while potentially avoiding the need for anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and negative predictive value of LSMRI as compared with criterion standard full-sequence MRI as a screening tool to rule out clinically significant ligamentous cervical spine injury.

METHODS
We conducted a 10-center, 5-year retrospective cohort study (2017–2021) of all children (0–18 years) with a cervical spine MRI after blunt trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging images were rereviewed by a study pediatric radiologist at each site to determine if the presence of an injury could be identified on limited sequences alone. Unstable cervical spine injury was determined by study neurosurgeon review at each site.

RESULTS
We identified 2,663 children younger than 18 years who underwent an MRI of the cervical spine with 1,008 injuries detected on full-sequence studies. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of LSMRI were both >99% for detecting any injury and 100% for detecting any unstable injury. Young children (younger than 5 years) were more likely to be electively intubated or sedated for cervical spine MRI.

CONCLUSION
Limited-sequence magnetic resonance imaging is reliably detects clinically significant ligamentous injury in children after blunt trauma. To decrease anesthesia use and minimize MRI time, trauma centers should develop LSMRI screening protocols for children without a reliable neurologic examination.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Test/Criteria; Level III.
A novel preoperative score to predict severe acute cholecystitis
Authors: Kuhlenschmidt Kali , Taveras Luis R. , Schuster Kevin M , Kaafarani Haytham M. , El Hechi Majed , Puri Ruchir , Crandall Marie , Schroeppel Thomas J. , Cripps Michael W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
In a large multicenter trial, The Parkland Grading Scale(PGS) for acute cholecystitis outperformed other grading scales and has a positive correlation with complications but is limited in its inability to preoperatively predict high-grade cholecystitis. We sought to identify preoperative variables predictive of high-grade cholecystitis(PGS 4 or 5).

Methods
In a six-month period, patients undergoing cholecystectomy at a single institution with prospectively graded PGS were analyzed. Stepwise logistic regression models were constructed to predict high-grade cholecystitis. The relative weight of the variables was used to derive a novel score, the Severe Acute Cholecystitis Score(SACS). This score was compared to the Emergency Surgery Acuity Score(ESS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma(AAST) preoperative score and Tokyo Guidelines(TG) for their ability to predict high-grade cholecystitis. SACS was then validated using the database from the AAST multicenter validation of the grading scale for acute cholecystitis.

Results
Of the 575 patients that underwent cholecystectomy, 172(29.9%) were classified as high-grade. The stepwise logistic regression modeling identified 7 independent predictors of high-grade cholecystitis. From these variable the SACS was derived. Scores ranged from 0 to 9 points with a C statistic of 0.76, outperforming the ESS(C statistic of 0.60), AAST(0.53), and TG(0.70)(p-value <0.001). Using a cutoff of 4 or more on the SACS correctly identifies 76.2% of cases with a specificity of 91.3% and a sensitivity of 40.7%.
In the multicenter database, there were 464 patients with a prospectively collected PGS. The C statistic for SACS was 0.74. Using the same cutoff of 4, SACS correctly identifies 71.6% of cases with a specificity of 83.8% and a sensitivity of 52.2%.

Conclusions
The Severe Acute Cholecystitis Score can preoperatively predict high-grade cholecystitis and may be useful for counseling patients and assisting in surgical decision making.

Level of Evidence
Prognostic Level III
The Prevalence of Incontinence and Its Association With Urinary Tract Infections, Dermatitis, Slips and Falls, and Behavioral Disturbances Among Older Adults in Medicare Fee-for-Service
Authors: Duncan Ian , Stocking Andrew , Fitzner Karen , Ahmed Tamim , Huynh Nhan 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of urinary (UI), fecal (FI), and dual incontinence (DI) in older adults and their association with urinary tract infections, dermatitis, slips and falls, and behavioral disturbances based on Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims data.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis.

SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS:
Data from administrative claims from the CMS Medicare Limited Data Set (5% sample) for all months in 2018 were reviewed. The analysis was limited to FFS Medicare beneficiaries, with minimum of 3-month enrollment in Parts A and B who were at least 65 years old. This cohort included 1.2 million beneficiaries in the United States.

METHODS:
We used diagnosis codes to identify members with incontinence and grouped these members into 3 categories (UI only, FI only, and DI). We also divided claims based on 4 sites of care (nursing home, skilled nursing facility, home health, and self- or family care). We then determined the prevalence of (1) urinary tract infections (UTIs), (2) dermatitis, (3) slips and falls, and (4) behavioral disturbances for each type of incontinence.

RESULTS:
We found that 11.2% of Medicare members had a claims-based diagnosis of incontinence in 2018. On average, those diagnosed with incontinence experienced 5 times more UTIs, 2 times as many dermatitis events, more than twice as many slips and falls, and 2.8 times more behavior disturbances compared to those without an incontinence diagnosis. For those with DI, the prevalence of the 4 outcomes was significantly higher (between 22% and 185%) compared to those with UI only.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings show that Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed as incontinent experience a much higher prevalence of UTIs, dermatitis, slips and falls, and behavioral disturbances compared to those without a diagnosis of incontinence. Our results suggest that incontinence may be an important indicator diagnosis for multiple other conditions and, if not well-managed, may challenge the desire for those who are incontinent to age at home.
Implementation of an Evidence-Based, Content-Validated, Standardized Support Surface Algorithm Tool in Home Health Care
Authors: Timko-Progar Monica , Drain Jerri , Stovall-Patton Kimberly 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to provide a standardized, repeatable, and easy-to-use process for selecting a support surface for prevention or treatment of pressure injuries (PIs).

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:
The Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society Support Surface Algorithm was chosen to guide clinicians in selection of an appropriate support surface. These clinicians provide services to approximately 465,000 patients across the nation annually.

APPROACH:
This quality improvement project aimed to establish clinician knowledge and comfort levels when recommending a support surface and providing a standardized way to identify the appropriate support surface once a patient had been identified as at risk. The support surface algorithm was incorporated into our agency's electronic medical record (EMR); we chose this interactive algorithm to facilitate support surface selection among clinicians with no specialized expertise in PI treatment or prevention.

OUTCOMES:
Clinicians reported an increase in knowledge and comfort levels in the ability to select an appropriate support surface following implementation of the clinical decision support tool. Benchmarking data illustrated a decrease in the year over year aggregate (September 2018 to September 2021) trending for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services quality outcome measures surrounding potentially avoidable events related to PIs.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:
Implementing the support surface algorithm assisted clinicians with support surface selection, elevated and standardized clinician practice, and reduced potentially avoidable events. As a result of this project, the Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society Support Surface Algorithm Tool has been fully integrated into our EMR and is a standardized part of our clinical assessment.
Patient With Sitosterolemia With Slow Healing Sternal Wound From Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ratliff Catherine R. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sitosterolemia, also known as phytosterolemia, is a rare recessive genetic disorder characterized by accumulation of sitosterol from vegetable oils, nuts, and other plant-based foods in the body. In those with sitosterolemia, there is an increase of fatty deposits in the arteries (atherosclerosis), which may occur in early childhood, impeding blood flow and increasing the risk of a heart attack, stroke, or sudden death at a very early age. Visual signs of sitosterolemia may include small yellowish xanthomas beginning in early childhood. Xanthomas are accumulated lipids that develop in the heels, elbows, and buttocks.

CASE:
A clinical case study of a patient with sitosterolemia with slow healing surgical wound from coronary artery bypass surgery is described. Treatment of sitosterolemia is aimed at lowering plasma plant sterol levels with dietary restriction intake of both animal- and plant-based sterols. However, plant-based products (collagen, chitosan, etc) are also used for wound dressings, so alternative wound dressings were selected to decrease the possibility of systemic absorption.

CONCLUSION:
This case study describes a young adult male with sitosterolemia who presented with a slow healing surgical incision following coronary artery bypass surgery. Sitosterolemia is often characterized by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that occurs in children and early adulthood, especially affecting men. Treatment is aimed at lowering plasma sterol levels with the restriction of animal and plant sterols. There is considerable interest today in natural versus synthetic wound care products. Dressings containing chitosan, cellulose, collagen, etc, to be avoided to decrease the chance of systemic absorption.
A 600 m
2
array of 6.5 m telescopes at the lunar pole
Authors: Angel Roger 
Published: March 2024

The proposed lunar telescope for optical and infrared astronomy aims at very large aperture, 600 m
2
, at a fundable cost. It comprises an array of 18 separate telescopes, each of 6.5 m aperture. The 200 m diameter array will be located within 1/2° (15 km) of a lunar pole on approximately level ground, with a perimeter screen deployed to provide shade and cooling to cryogenic temperature. The 500 m diameter screen will allow unobscured access down to 8° elevation. All 18 telescopes will reflect light into a central beam combiner to form a single image covering wavelengths from 0.4 µm to 10 µm. The initial instrument complement will include high-resolution and multi-object spectrographs to exploit the single combined field of view of two arcminute diameter, with the diffraction limited resolution of 6.5 m aperture. Scientific applications include the search for molecular biosignatures in transiting exoplanets, and the study of galaxy evolution using red-shifted spectra to beyond
z
= 10. The array cost, including delivery to the Moon by SpaceX Starship for installation using lunar base infrastructure, is around $10 billion, similar to that of the 25 m
2
JWST. To test the concept, first a single prototype 6.5 m unit would be operated at the lunar south pole.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.
Large-scale array for radio astronomy on the farside (LARAF)
Authors: Chen Xuelei , Gao Feng , Wu Fengquan , Zhang Yechi , Wang Tong , Liu Weilin , Zou Dali , Deng Furen , Gong Yan , He Kai , Li Jixia , Sun Shijie , Suo Nanben , Wang Yougang , Wu Pengju , Xu Jiaqin , Xu Yidong , Yue Bin , Zhang Cong , Zhou Jia , Zhou Minquan , Zhu Chenguang , Zhu Jiacong 
Published: March 2024

At the Royal Society meeting in 2023, we have mainly presented our lunar orbit array concept called DSL, and also briefly introduced a concept of a lunar surface array, LARAF. As the DSL concept had been presented before, in this article, we introduce the LARAF. We propose to build an array in the far side of the Moon, with a master station which handles the data collection and processing, and 20 stations with maximum baseline of 10 km. Each station consists of 12 membrane antenna units, and the stations are connected to the master station by power line and optical fibre. The array will make interferometric observation in the 0.1–50 MHz band during the lunar night, powered by regenerated fuel cells. The whole array can be carried to the lunar surface with a heavy rocket mission, and deployed with a rover in eight months. Such an array would be an important step in the long-term development of lunar-based ultralong wavelength radio astronomy. It has a sufficiently high sensitivity to observe many radio sources in the sky, though still short of the dark age fluctuations. We discuss the possible options in the power supply, data communication, deployment etc.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)'.
Enhancing COVID-19 Forecasting Precision through the Integration of Compartmental Models, Machine Learning and Variants
Authors: Baccega Daniele , Castagno Paolo , Anta Antonio Fernández , Sereno Matteo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTPredicting epidemic evolution is essential for informed decision-making and guiding the implementation of necessary countermeasures. Computational models are vital tools that provide insights into illness progression and enable early detection, proactive intervention, and targeted preventive measures.This paper introduces Sybil, a framework that integrates machine learning and variant-aware compartmental models, leveraging a fusion of data-centric and analytic methodologies. To validate and evaluate Sybil’s forecasts, we employed COVID-19 data from two European countries. The dataset included the number of new and recovered cases, fatalities, and variant presence over time. We evaluate the forecasting precision of Sybil in periods in which there is a change in the trend of the pandemic evolution or a new variant appears. Results demonstrate that Sybil outperforms a conventional data-centric approach, being able to forecast accurately the changes in the trend, the magnitude of these changes, and the future prevalence of new variants.
Analyses of academician cohorts generate biased pandemic excess death estimates
Authors: Ioannidis John P.A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDeath data from cohorts of academicians have been used to estimate pandemic excess deaths. We aimed to evaluate the validity of this approach.Study design and settingData were analyzed from living and deceased member lists from Mainland China, UK and Greece academies; and Nobel laureates (and US subset thereof). Samples of early elected academicians were probed for unrecorded deaths; datasets overtly missing deaths were excluded from further analyses. Actuarial risks were compared against the general population in the same country in respective age strata. Relative incidence risk increases in death in active pandemic periods were compared to population-wide pandemic excess death estimates for the same country.ResultsRoyal Society and Academy of Athens datasets overtly missed deaths. Pre-pandemic death rates were 4-12-fold lower in the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) versus respective age strata of the Mainland China population. A +158% relative increase in death risk was seen in CAE data during the first 12-months of wide viral spread. Both increases (+34% in British Academy) and decreases (-27% in US Nobel laureates) in death rates occurred in pandemic (2020-22) versus pre-pandemic (2017-2019) years; point estimates were far from known excess deaths in the respective countries (+6% and +14%, respectively). Published excess death estimates for urban-dwelling Mainland China selectively analyzed CAE, but not another Chinese academy (Chinese Academy of Sciences) with half the pandemic death rates.ConclusionMissingness, lack of representativeness, large uncertainty, and selective analysis reporting make data from academy rosters unreliable for estimating general population excess deaths.
let-7i-5p regulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by psoralen by targeting CKIP-1
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhou Song , Huang Sheng , Luo Hao , Zhang Xuelong , Liu Gangan , Li Huanan , Liu Bo , Yan Dongmei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that psoralen can treat osteoporosis by inducing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). CKIP-1 is an inhibitor of bone formation and plays a negative regulatory role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of small single-stranded non-coding RNA, which regulates the occurrence and development process of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism. Studies have shown that miRNA can affect the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs by targeting and regulating the expression of related genes. However, whether microRNA can regulate psoralen-induced osteogenic differentiation and its specific mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify miRNA target genes regulating the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by psoralen and further analyze the mechanism.miRNA microarray was performed to screen the differentially expressed mirnas induced by psoralen, and bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay were used to determine the target sites of let-7i-5p. The mechanism of let-7i-5p in psoralen induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was investigated using in vitro overexpression or inhibition approaches.The results showed that miRNA microarray analysis and reverse transcription quantitative PCR further confirmed that let-7i-5p was up-regulated during the process of psoralin-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed CKIP-1 as a potential target of let-7i-5p.Overexpression of CKIP-1 by transfection with CKIP-1 mimetic significantly inhibited the expression of BMP, Runx2, and Smad1, while CKIP-1 inhibitor promoted their expression.Overexpression of let-7i-5p partially relieved the inhibitory effect of CKIP-1 on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Our results suggest that let-7i-5p regulates psoralen-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting CKIP-1, which provides a new therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
A human-aware control paradigm for human-robot interactions, a simulation study
Authors: Razavian Reza Sharif 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel model for predicting human movements and introduces a new control method for human-robot interaction based on this model. The developed predictive model of human movement is aholisticmodel that is based on well-supported neuroscientific and biomechanical theories of human motor control; it includes multiple levels of the human senso-rimotor system hierarchy, including high-level decision-making based on internal models, muscle synergies, and physiological muscle mechanics. Therefore, this holistic model can predict arm kinematics and neuromuscular activities in a computationally efficient way. The computational efficiency of the model also makes it suitable for repetitive predictive simulations within a robot’s control algorithm to predict the user’s behavior in human-robot interactions. Therefore, based on this model and the nonlinear model predictive control framework, ahuman-aware controlalgorithm is implemented, which internally runs simu-lations to predict the user’s interactive movement patterns in the future. Consequently, it can optimize the robot’s motor torques to minimize an index, such as the user’s neuromuscular effort. Simulation results of the holistic model and its utilization in the human-aware control of a two-link robot arm are presented. The holistic model is shown to replicate salient features of human movements. The human-aware controller’s ability to predict and minimize the user’s neuromuscular effort in a collaborative task is also demonstrated in simulation.