bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of murine cdk10: Association with Ets2 transcription factor and effects on the cell cycle
Authors: Bagella Luigi , Giacinti Cristina , Simone Cristiano , Giordano Antonio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinases (cdks) are the catalytic subunits of a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases whose best‐characterized members are key regulators of eukaryotic cell cycle progression. They are activated by binding to regulatory subunits generally termed as cyclins. Cdk10 is a cdc2‐related kinase that contains the canonical regulatory Tyr and Thr residues present in all protein kinases and a PSTAIRE‐like motif named PISSLRE. Although little is known about this protein, human cdk10 has been shown to encode two different isoforms, each having a distinct function. They differ at both the carboxy‐ and amino‐terminals, although most of the amino acid sequence is predicted to be identical for the two isoforms. A role at the G2/M transition has been suggested for an isoform of cdk10, while the alternative splicing form interacts with the N‐terminus of the Ets2 transcription factor. Here we report the cloning and the functional characterization of a cDNA encoding the murine homologue of cdk10. Unlike its human counterpart, only one murine cdk10 protein has been identified, and this unique murine cdk10 cDNA encodes a putative protein of 360 amino acids. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of murine and human cdk10 shows high homology. Murine cdk10 binds Ets2 transcription factors in vitro, does not show a direct involvement in the G2/M transition and, therefore, does not affect the proliferation rate of the cell lines analyzed. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 978–985, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of Notch signaling induces myotube hypertrophy by recruiting a subpopulation of reserve cells
Authors: Kitzmann Magali , Bonnieu Anne , Duret Cédric , Vernus Barbara , Barro Marietta , Laoudj‐Chenivesse Dalila , Verdi Joseph M. , Carnac Gilles 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDuring muscle differentiation, a population of quiescent undifferentiated myoblasts (reserve cells) emerges among mature muscle cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such cell segregation and the characterization of this subpopulation of myoblasts remain to be determined. Notch is known to control the behavior and fate of murine muscle stem cells. In this study, we examined the role of Notch in myoblast segregation. We showed that inhibition of Notch activity by either overexpressing Numb or by using a pharmacological γ‐secretase inhibitor (DAPT) enhanced differentiation of murine and human myoblasts. This effect was not restricted to in vitro culture systems since DAPT‐treated zebrafish embryos also showed increased differentiation. Using C2.7 myoblasts as a model, we showed that inhibition of Notch induced myotube hypertrophy by recruiting reserve cells that do not normally fuse. We further showed that endogenous Notch‐signaling components were differentially expressed and activated in reserve cells with respect to Notch 1 and CD34 expression. We identified CD34 negative reserve cells as the subpopulation of myoblasts recruited to fuse into myotubes during differentiation in response to Notch inhibition. Therefore, we showed here that the activation of Notch 1 is important to maintain a subpopulation of CD34 negative reserve cells in an undifferentiated state. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 538–548, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate derived factor in human prostate cancer cells: Gene induction by vitamin D via a p53‐dependent mechanism and inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Lambert James R. , Kelly Julie A. , Shim Minsub , Huffer William E. , Nordeen Steven K. , Baek Seung Joon , Eling Thomas E. , Lucia M. Scott 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe secosteroid hormone 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25D) has been shown to regulate the growth and differentiation of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, although the precise molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have not been defined. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the antiproliferative effects of 1,25D on PCa cells are mediated through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). In the present study, we performed gene profiling of LNCaP human PCa cells following 1,25D treatment and identified the antitumorigenic gene, prostate derived factor (PDF), as being highly induced by 1,25D. PDF is a member of the TGF‐β superfamily and has been implicated in a variety of functions directly related to tumorigenicity including antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects. Gene expression studies using 1,25D analogs and a VDR antagonist demonstrate that 1,25D‐mediated induction of PDF message and protein in PCa cells is dependent on VDR action. PDF is a transcriptional target of the tumor suppressor, p53. Here we show that the expression of PDF in nine PCa cell lines is dependent on functional p53. Additionally, transfection of p53‐null ALVA‐31 PCa cells with a p53 expression plasmid, and expression of dominant negative p53 in LNCaP PCa cells, show that the ability of VDR to induce PDF requires functional p53. Importantly, forced PDF expression in PC‐3 cells results in decreased cell proliferation, soft agar cloning, and xenograft tumor size. These data demonstrate that PDF exerts antitumorigenic properties on PCa cells and its regulation by 1,25D may provide insights into the action of 1,25D in PCa. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 566–574, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurobiology of pain
Authors: Pace M.C. , Mazzariello L. , Passavanti M.B. , Sansone P. , Barbarisi M. , Aurilio C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe neurobiology of pain had a notable interest in research focused on the study of neuronal plasticity development, nociceptors, molecular identity, signaling mechanism, ionic channels involved in the generation, modulation and propagation of action potential in all type of excitable cells. All the findings open the possibility for developing new therapeutic treatment. Nociceptive/inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain represent two different kinds of persistent chronic pain. We have reviewed the different mechanism suggested for the maintenance of pain, like descending nociceptive mechanism and their changes after tissue damage, including suppression and facilitation of defence behavior during pain. The role of these changes in inducing NMDA and AMPA receptors gene expression, after prolonged inflammation is emphasized by several authors. Furthermore, a relation between a persistent pain and amygdale has been shown. Molecular biology is the new frontier in the study of neurobiology of pain. Since the entire genome has been studied, we will able to find new genes involved in specific condition such as pain, because an altered gene expression can regulate neuronal activity after inflammation or tissue damage. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 8–12, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Cbl family proteins: Ring leaders in regulation of cell signaling
Authors: Swaminathan Gayathri , Tsygankov Alexander Y. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe proto‐oncogenic protein c‐Cbl was discovered as the cellular form of v‐Cbl, a retroviral transforming protein. This was followed over the years by important discoveries, which identified c‐Cbl and other Cbl‐family proteins as key players in several signaling pathways. c‐Cbl has donned the role of a multivalent adaptor protein, capable of interacting with a plethora of proteins, and has been shown to positively influence certain biological processes. The identity of c‐Cbl as an E3 ubiquitin ligase unveiled the existence of an important negative regulatory pathway involved in maintaining homeostasis in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. Recent years have also seen the emergence of novel regulators of Cbl, which have provided further insights into the complexity of Cbl‐influenced pathways. This review will endeavor to provide a summary of current studies focused on the effects of Cbl proteins on various biological processes and the mechanism of these effects. The major sections of the review are as follows: Structure and genomic organization of Cbl proteins; Phosphorylation of Cbl; Interactions of Cbl; Localization of Cbl; Mechanism of effects of Cbl: (a) Ubiquitylation‐dependent events: This section elucidates the mechanism of Cbl‐mediated downregulation of EGFR and details the PTK and non‐PTKs targeted by Cbl. In addition, it addresses the functional requirements for E3 Ubiquitin ligase activity of Cbl and negative regulation of Cbl‐mediated downregulation of PTKs, (b) Adaptor functions: This section discusses the mechanisms of adaptor functions of Cbl in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, insulin signaling, regulation of Ras‐related protein 1 (Rap1), PI‐3′ kinase signaling, and regulation of Rho‐family GTPases and cytoskeleton; Biological functions: This section gives an account of the diverse biological functions of Cbl and includes the role of Cbl in transformation, T‐cell signaling and thymus development, B‐cell signaling, mast‐cell degranulation, macrophage functions, bone development, neurite growth, platelet activation, muscle degeneration, and bacterial invasion; Conclusions and perspectives. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 21–43, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dependence of GnRH‐induced phosphorylation of CREB and BAD on EGF receptor transactivation in GT1‐7 neuronal cells
Authors: Neithardt Adrienne , Farshori M. Parvaiz , Shah Farzana B. , Catt Kevin J. , Shah Bukhtiar H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe hypothalamic neuropeptide, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), is a primary regulatory factor in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The GnRH decapeptide is released in an episodic manner from hypothalamic GnRH neurons, which are known to express GnRH receptors. Here we examined the signaling pathways by which autocrine GnRH stimulation generates cell survival and proliferative signals in hypothalamic GT1‐7 cells. Both GnRH and epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused rapid phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and BAD. The selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) antagonist, AG1478, attenuates the phosphorylation of these proteins by GnRH and EGF. Inhibition of PKC and Src abolished the stimulatory effects of GnRH, but not that of EGF, consistent with a critical role of these signaling molecules upstream of the EGF‐R. All of these effects of GnRH were mimicked by phorbol 12 myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). Consistent with the prosurvival and mitogenic effects of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt (PI3‐K/Akt) downstream of the EGF‐R, inhibition of PI3‐K diminished the activation of these proteins following stimulation with GnRH, EGF, and PMA. Overexpression of dominant negative Akt attenuated agonist‐induced phosphorylation of BAD, but not that of ERK1/2 and CREB. Moreover, overexpression of wild‐type RSK‐1 resulted in enhanced basal as well as agonist‐induced phosphorylation of CREB and BAD, indicating a critical role of RSK‐1 in activating cytosolic as well as nuclear proteins. These data reveal novel signaling mechanisms of GnRH‐induced phosphorylation of CREB and BAD in GT1‐7 neurons through transactivation of the EGF‐R. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 586–593, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Focused ion beams techniques for nanomaterials characterization
Authors: Langford Richard M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFocused ion beam and dual platform systems have, over the last 10 years, become a main stay of sample preparation for material analysis. In this article the merits of using these systems are discussed and the three main techniques used to prepare cross‐section specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are both discussed and compared with emphasis being placed on the tricks that users do to make the lamellae as thin as possible and with a minimum of damage at their sidewalls. Other techniques such as serial slicing for three‐dimensional reconstruction and the preparation of plan‐view specimens are also summarized. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Poly(ethylene glycol), Inorganic Salt, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, and Solvent System on Electrospinning of Poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Arayanarakul Kunawan , Choktaweesap Nuanchan , Aht‐ong Duangdao , Meechaisue Chidchanok , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The effects of PEO concentration, addition of PEG of various molecular weights (1 000–35 000 g · mol−1), inorganic salt of various types (i.e., NaCl, LiCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2), or SDS, and the solvent system (i.e., mixed solvents of distilled water and methanol, ethanol, or 2‐propanol) on the bead formation and/or morphological appearance of electrospun PEO fibers were investigated using SEM. The formation of beaded fibers upon addition of low‐molecular‐weight PEGs into the PEO solution suggested that the very short relaxation time and/or the plasticizing effect of these low‐molecular‐weight PEGs contributed to the formation of the bead‐on‐string morphology of the as‐spun fibers. On the other hand, the observed improvement in the electro‐spinnability of the PEO solution with increasing PEO concentration and upon addition of NaCl and SDS suggested that the observed increase in the viscosity and conductivity and the observed decrease in the surface tension of the solution were indispensable for total suppression of the beads. However, when the conductivity of the solution increased only marginally, beads could still be obtained.SEM image of as‐spun PEO fibers from a solution of PEO in distilled water at 5% w/v without (left) and with (right) 5% w/v PEG of 2 000 g · mol−1.magnified imageSEM image of as‐spun PEO fibers from a solution of PEO in distilled water at 5% w/v without (left) and with (right) 5% w/v PEG of 2 000 g · mol−1.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐sulfonyldiphenol) Microtubes without External Templates
Authors: Zhu Lu , Huang Xiaobin , Tang Xiaozheng 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: Novel poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐sulfonyldiphenol) microtubes were successfully prepared via one‐pot synthesis using special templates generated in situ during the polymerization. The templates could be easily removed by dissolution in water. This approach overcame the multi‐step nature of general template methods. The as‐synthesized microtubes were 1–3 µm in width, about 100 µm in length and contained hexagon‐shaped channels. IR and NMR spectroscopies confirmed the covalently crosslinked chemical structure of the polymer tubes, and the tubes are thus mechanically and thermally stable. The polymer microtubes are of interest for use as chemical or biological sensors, controlled release and delivery of drugs, tissue engineering materials, absorbants and many other microscale investigations.SEM images of triethylamine hydrochloride crystals produced in situ during formation of the tubes (left) and the polymer microtubes (right).magnified imageSEM images of triethylamine hydrochloride crystals produced in situ during formation of the tubes (left) and the polymer microtubes (right).
Electron Transfer Photoinitiating Systems. The Effect of the Co‐Initiator Structure on the Photoinitiation Ability of a Photoredox Pair Containing Neutral Hemicyanine Dyes as Sensitizers
Authors: Kabatc Janina , Jędrzejewska Beata , Pączkowski Jerzy 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The photoinitiation ability of photoredox pairs composed of a neutral hemicyanine dye and different co‐initiators for the free radical polymerization of 2‐ethyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol triacrylate is investigated. p‐(N,N‐dimethylaminostyryl)benzthiazole, p‐(N,N‐dimethylaminostyryl)benzoxazole, p‐(N,N‐dimethylaminostyryl)α‐naphthiazole are tested as dyes, and, as co‐initiators, an aromatic amino‐acid, an aromatic thio‐ and oxycarboxylic acid, and alkyltriphenylborate are applied as electron donors. N,N′‐dialkoxybipyridinium salts are used as ground‐state electron acceptors. The experimental results show that the photoinitiating ability of the tested photoredox pairs are controlled by both the driving force of the electron transfer process between an electron donor and an electron acceptor and the reactivity of the free radical that results from the secondary reactions occurring after the photoinduced electron transfer process. The greatest photoinitiation ability of free radical polymerization is observed when the tested dyes are applied as electron donors in their singlet excited states in combination with N,N′‐dialkoxybipyridinium salts acting as ground‐state electron acceptors.Schematic of the investigated photoinitiation systems.magnified imageSchematic of the investigated photoinitiation systems.
Spontaneously reported fatal suspected adverse drug reactions: a 10‐year survey from Sweden
Authors: Wester Karin , Jönsson Anna , Spigset Olav , Hägg Staffan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeOne of the main methods for monitoring the safety of marketed drugs is spontaneously reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of spontaneously reported fatal adverse drug reactions (FADRs) by analysing data from the national spontaneous reporting system in Sweden.MethodsIn Sweden it is compulsory to report all new or serious suspected ADRs to the Medical Products Agency. The information in these reports is stored in the national database SWEDIS (Swedish Drug Information System). All suspected FADRs reported to SWEDIS between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2004 were reviewed and analysed.ResultsDuring the study period 990 reports of FADRs were found. The main distribution of suspected FADRs was: haemorrhages (n = 603; 60.9%), blood and bone marrow dysfunction (n = 71; 7.2%), sudden death (n = 38; 3.8%) and pulmonary embolism (n = 30; 3.0%). Antithrombotic agents were the drugs most frequently implicated in the FADRs (n = 605; 61.1%). Vitamin K antagonists were reported in 453 cases (45.8%) and acetylsalicylic acid in 82 cases (8.3%). Among the fatalities with blood and bone marrow dysfunction methotrexate was the most frequently reported drug. For sudden death and pulmonary embolism, antipsychotics and oestrogen containing drugs, respectively, were most commonly reported.ConclusionsBleeding complications amounted more than half of all reports of FADRs and vitamin K antagonists were implicated in most of these reports. However, as spontaneous reporting systems are primarily set up for signalling purposes, the data must be interpreted with utmost care. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosion‐dependant continuity development in high viscosity ratio blends of very low interfacial tension
Authors: Bhadane Prashant A. , Champagne Michel F. , Huneault Michel A. , Tofan Florin , Favis Basil D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis work studies continuity development and cocontinuity in high viscosity ratio EPDM/PP blends. A very low interfacial tension (0.3 mN/m) between the blend components together with high viscosity ratios (11 and 17) result in a variety of unusual morphological features, including isolated nanometer diameter fibers, very large particles, partially coalesced particles, and numerous particles interconnected by fibers. This unique combination of morphologies leads the blend to a novel and stable cocontinuous structure of partially coalesced particles and particles interconnected by fibers. Compared with low to medium viscosity ratio EPDM/PP blends, these cocontinuous networks demonstrate early percolation thresholds, rapid continuity development, and attain cocontinuity at lower compositions of minor phase. The slow surface erosion of the high viscosity EPDM phase during melt blending is shown to be responsible for the generation of these unusual morphological structures. Typically the timescale for erosion phenomena are so small that they have defied study in the mixing environment itself and typical blend morphology studies almost always examine the final steady‐state morphology obtained after several minutes of mixing. The combination of very low interfacial tension and very high viscosity ratios of these EPDM/PP systems provide a unique opportunity to examine erosion phenomena persisting over longer time scales during melt mixing. We propose a new concentration‐dependant erosion mechanism that is based on particle collision–coalescence–separation dynamics. The proposed conceptual mechanism is shown to dramatically accelerate the erosion process and maintain cocontinuity over prolonged periods of mixing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1919–1929, 2006
Molecular dynamics study of onset of water gelation around the collagen triple helix
Authors: Handgraaf Jan‐Willem , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe onset of water gelation around a collagen‐like triple helix peptide was studied at ambient temperature and pressure by performing Molecular Dynamics simulations. The radial distribution functions of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of water are distorted below 4 Å from the peptide. The distortion is accompanied by the breakdown of the tetrahedral coordination of the hydrogen‐bonded network of water molecules. The water shell around the peptide consists of alternating regions of higher and lower density. In agreement with experiments we find that the first hydration shell is kinetically labile, with a residence time in the order of picoseconds for a water molecule. From the computed diffusion coefficient, a key measure of the collective dynamics, we estimate the average diffusion speed decreases by a factor of 1.5 close to the peptide compared to the liquid. Our results give new insight in gel formation and structure on a molecular level. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Substrate specificity in HIV‐1 protease by a biased sequence search method
Authors: Ozer Nevra , Haliloglu Turkan , Schiffer Celia A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDrug resistance in HIV‐1 protease can also occasionally confer a change in the substrate specificity. Through the use of computational techniques, a relationship can be determined between the substrate sequence and three‐dimensional structure of HIV‐1 protease, and be utilized to predict substrate specificity. In this study, we introduce a biased sequence search threading (BSST) methodology to analyze the preferences of substrate positions and correlations between them that might also identify which positions within known substrates can likely tolerate sequence variability and which cannot. The potential sequence space was efficiently explored using a low‐resolution knowledge‐based scoring function. The low‐energy substrate sequences generated by the biased search are correlated with the natural substrates. Octameric sequences were predicted using the probabilities of residue positions in the sequences generated by BSST in three ways: considering each position in the substrate independently, considering pairwise interdependency, and considering triplewise interdependency. The prediction of octameric sequences using the triplewise conditional probabilities produces the most accurate results, reproducing most of the sequences for five of the nine natural substrates and implying that there is a complex interdependence between the different substrate residue positions. This likely reflects that HIV‐1 protease recognizes the overall shape of the substrate more than its specific sequence. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.