bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: cardiac axis and displacement before fetal viability has no role in predicting postnatal outcome
Authors: Kalache Karim D. , Mkhitaryan Monika , Bamberg Christian , Roehr Charles Christoph , Wauer Roland , Mau Harald , Bollmann Rainer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether objective assessment of cardiac shifting on two‐dimensional ultrasonography can predict postnatal outcome in fetuses with isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Materials and MethodsStill images at the level of the four‐chamber view were obtained in 23 fetuses with left‐sided CDH. A group of 12 fetuses (3 non‐survivors and 9 survivors) were examined at two periods, between 20 and 30 weeks and between 31 and 40 weeks. A further 11 fetuses (2 non‐survivors and 9 survivors) were examined between 31 and 40 weeks. Fetal heart axis and position were determined manually and associated with postnatal outcome.ResultsThe cardiac axis remained constant in the 9 survivors (15.5 ± 3.2 versus 17.2 ± 3.3, p = 0.71) and 3 non‐survivors (19.0 ± 11.5 versus 18.5 ± 11.8, p = 0.97). There was no statistical difference between the 9 survivors and 3 non‐survivors at the two periods. Cardiac displacement remained constant in the 9 survivors (0.2 ± 0.02 versus 0.2 ± 0.02, p = 0.32) but increased significantly in the 3 non‐survivors (0.2 ± 0.04 versus 0.4 ± 0.02, p = 0.015). The difference between survivors and non‐survivors was statistically significant between the18 survivors and 5 non‐survivors examined between 31 and 40 weeks of gestation (0.2 ± 0.02 versus 0.4 ± 0.02, p = 0.037).ConclusionThis study does not support the hypothesis that objective assessment of mediastinal shift in fetuses with left‐sided CDH has a role in predicting postnatal outcome before fetal viability, which is when it would be more useful for counseling patients regarding whether to continue with the pregnancy or to opt for termination. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Epidemiological assessment of levodopa use in Cuba: 1993–1998
Authors: Lara G. , Cuadrado‐Gamarra J. I. , de Pedro‐Cuesta J. , Esteban E. M. , Giménez‐Roldán S. , Luis‐González S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpidemiological assessment of levodopa use in Cuba: 1993–1998G. Lara, J. I. Cuadrado‐Gamarra, J. de Pedro‐Cuesta, E. M. Esteban, S. Giménez‐Roldán, S. Luis‐GonzálezPharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2006; 15: 521–526DOI: 10.1002/pds.1150It has come to the attention of the authors that this published article contained an error.The above article should have contained the following link to the supplementary material available on the PDS website. This information is as follows:Supplementary electronic material for this paper is available in Wiley Interscience at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/10538569/suppmat
The effect of low pressure chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride on the electronic interface properties of oxidized silicon wafers
Authors: Jin Hao , Weber K. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of LPCVD Si3N4 film deposition on oxidized Si wafers, to form Si3N4/SiO2/Si stacks, is studied using capacitance–voltage and carrier lifetime measurements. The deposition of a nitride film leads to an increase in the density of defects at the Si–SiO2 interface, with the increase being greater the thinner the oxide. However, even the presence of a very thin intermediate oxide results in a dramatic improvement in interface properties compared to the direct deposition of the Si3N4 film on Si. The interface degradation occurs in the initial stages of nitride film deposition and appears to be largely the result of increased interfacial stress. Subsequent thermal treatments do not result in significant further degradation of the Si–SiO2 interface (except for a loss of hydrogen), again in contrast to the case where the nitride films is deposited onto Si. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isosteres of peptides: boron analogs as dipolar forms of α‐amino acids – a theoretical study
Authors: Malde Alpeshkumar K. , Khedkar Santosh A. , Coutinho Evans C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractModification of peptides to produce peptidomimetics is of great interest, with the aim of designing potent, selective, and metabolically stable analogs having certain conformational properties. Organoboranes have been reported in the literature with a wide range of therapeutic applications. One of the therapeutically important class of molecules is amine‐carboxyboranes derived from amino acids by replacement of the Cα atom of an amino acid/peptide by boron. The conformational preferences of these peptides, with respect to backbone ω, ϕ, and ψ torsion angles, have been investigated by theoretical calculations. The amide bond in these molecules has the same geometry in the ground and transition states as the natural peptides. However, the boron isosteres of glycine and alanine peptides are less structured than their natural derivatives, but are distinguished by structures with a positive value for the ϕ angle, which is normally disfavored for natural peptides. This property could be used to build peptides with a geometry not usually seen in natural peptides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyester nanoparticles by non‐aqueous emulsion polycondensation
Authors: Müller Kevin , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA versatile non‐aqueous emulsion polycondensation process for the mild fabrication of polyester nanoparticles is presented. Spherical nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 60 nm are prepared in non‐aqueous emulsion systems. These emulsions consisted in one case of DMF dispersed in n‐hexane and in a second with acetonitrile dispersed in a continuous cyclohexane phase. Stabilization of these systems was achieved by using a polyisoprene‐polymethylmethacrylate block copolymer. The suitability of these aprotic emulsions for synthesizing polyester nanoparticles by emulsion polycondensation having molecular weights up to 22,000 g/mol is demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1101–1108, 2007
Quality of life of patients with gastric cancer in Taiwan: validation and clinical application of the Taiwan Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and EORTC QLQ‐STO22
Authors: Huang Chi‐Cheng , Lien Heng‐Hui , Sung Yung‐Chuan , Liu Han‐Ting , Chie Wei‐Chu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relatively high incidence of gastric cancer in Taiwan warranted the need of a disease‐specific quality of life (QOL) instrument. We translated the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐STO22 according to the guidelines from the EORTC. A total of 100 patients were interviewed. Convergent and discriminant validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and known‐groups comparisons were used to examine the reliability and validity. We found good reliability for multi‐item subscales of the QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐STO22 (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.70–0.94) except cognitive functioning of the QLQ‐C30 and eating restriction of the QLQ‐STO22. Patients in the active treatment group experienced compromised functional status and worse treatment‐associated symptoms than those in the follow‐up group. Similar results were found in comparisons based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status and dysphagia grades. The study has ascertained the cross‐cultural validity, reliability and clinical applicability of the Taiwan Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐STO22. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the segmentation in the profile of alpine talus slopes
Authors: Francou Bernard , Manté Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for analysing the segmentation in the profile of talus slopes is used in an Alpine periglacial environment. Two populations of talus slope profiles are examined according to the development of their headwalls. Beneath massive rockwalls the profile appears bi‐segmented: a break point situated at a constant angle (33–34 degrees) divides an extensive proximal segment with a shallow curvature from a shorter and more concave distal segment. When the headwall disappears, the segmentation is modified and a concavity extends throughout the profile. A new model for talus slope formation is proposed in which the rockfall mechanism and the removal processes are combined.
Niveo‐aeolian sedimentation and resulting sedimentary structures; søndre strømfjord area, Western Greenland
Authors: Dijkmans J. W. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWinter observations were carried out on aeolian sand sheets in Western Greenland, in order to obtain insight into the occurrence and influence of niveo‐aeolian sedimentation in modern cold‐climate sand‐sheet environments. The alternating or simultaneous aeolian transportation of snow and sand appears to form an important factor in the sedimentation. Niveo‐aeolian beds develop annually and are deposited during a period when the snow cover is thin. They are covered by clean snow when sand transport is impeded by ample snow or insufficient wind velocity.The nature and significance of denivation features in the sedimentological record are equally poorly understood. In order to study these snow‐related structures, the winter observations are compared with sections trenched in summer when no snow was left. After desiccation of the surface in summer, the sediments deriving from the niveo‐aeolian beds on planar and low‐angle inclined surfaces are likely to be redistributed by wind action. However, on slip faces denivation structures are frequently preserved as deformation of cross‐strata and a model of their association is presented. Most of these structures resemble deformation structures previously described in wetted sand, but their association, indicating (1) collapse due to volume reduction and (2) the alternation of deformed and undeformed sedimentary units, form diagnostic indicators of cold‐climate aeolian deposits.
Observations of winter aeolian transport and niveo‐aeolian deposition at crater lake, pangnirtung pass, N.W.T., Canada
Authors: Neuman Cheryl Mckenna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnnual observations of aeolian transport in an arctic proglacial setting indicate that summer transport is minimal when frequent precipitation occurs and water levels are high, but that autumn and winter transport is much more significant than is usually assumed. Strong katabatic winds and low snowfall are typical of the winter season, so that bare frozen surfaces contribute grains to the transport load through sublimation and abrasion. During violent winter sandstorms, coarse granules are suspended up to 4 m above the surface and conventional instrumentation grossly underestimates the transport load. Most of the depositional record of this transport is erased during flooding of the sandur in the following season. Relatively light summer winds winnow out the fine fraction of the coarse, poorly to moderately sorted winter aeolian deposits, so that a lag develops on the surface of thin aeolian sand sheets lining the sandur.
Stratification mechanisms in slope deposits in high subequatorial mountains
Authors: Francou Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn analysis of the processes active in the frost environment of high subequatorial mountains makes it possible to propose a model for the stratification of slope deposits. Bedding is generated by solifluction sheets which move at the speed of a few cm y−1. Solifluction involves needle ice, frost creep and gelifluction, and the ground thickness concerned is less than 20 cm. Sorting takes place by frost heaving. Coarse particles are concentrated at the front of the sheets, where matrix materials tend to be washed away, and are then buried by the advancing fine layer. Sedimentary characteristics allow recognition of several diagnostic features which can be used to indicate the origin of bedding in relic slope deposits situated in mid‐latitudes. This model offers an alternative to earlier concepts of the stratification of slope deposits, but further studies are required, since other processes may also generate similar bedding features.
Un pingo en système fermé dans des dolomies paléozoïques de l'arctique canadien
Authors: St‐Onge Denis A. , Pissart Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSi quelques pingos en système ouvert ont été observés dans des formations de roches dures de régions à pergélisol continu, un seul pingo en système fermé soulevant des roches consolidées paléozoïques a été, à notre connaissance, mentionné dans les éerits scientifiques. Toutefois, à ce jour, très peu de renseignements ont été fournis concernant ce pingo particulier.A la suite d'une étude régionale précisant comment s'est effectué le retrait glaciaire dans la région septentrionale du District de Mackenzie où ce pingo a été observé, des précisions peuvent ětre apportées sur les caractéristiques et la genèse probable de ce pingo.L'édification de cette forme est, croit‐on, liée à la perméabilité exceptionnelle des dolomies fortement fissurées au sein desquelles a dǔ exister une nappe aquifère. Celle‐ci aurait été mise sous pression par le gel à la suite de la vidange d'un lac proglaciaire, selon le schéma maintenant classique expliquant l'apparition des pingos du delta du fleuve Mackenzie.
Periglacial evidence from the western Cape Mountains, South Africa: A progress report
Authors: Boelhouwers J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtensive Pleistocene debris deposits occur in the Western Cape Mountains, South Africa. Although a cryogenic origin for the clasts is generally accepted, there is still discussion about the conditions under which debris transport and deposition took place. In the Waaihoek Mountains solifluction features occur at 1800m a.s.l. Present‐day periglacial activity results from surficial soil frost action and snowfalls in the cold season. To assess the significance of freeze‐thaw action on soil movement rates, continuous and periodic measurements are being made of climatic parameters and soil movement at several experimental sites, including a snowpatch site, at 1850m a.s.l. in the Waaihoek Mountains.
Cryoplanation surfaces in the central andes at latitude 35º S
Authors: Grosso Santiago A. , Corte Arturo E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey of cryoplanation surfaces in the Andean mountain range near latitude 35º south, and longitude 70º west shows cryoplanation surfaces are present on plutonic, volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Gypsum mountains above the lower limit of permafrost do not show cryoplanation. Most cryoplanation terraces are in areas with mean annual air temperature below −1ºC, (i.e. above the lowest limit of sporadic permafrost at 2800 m). The largest cryoplanation surfaces are observed on sedimentary rocks and located in areas where mean annual air temperatures are near 0ºC. Possibly, these surfaces are inactive under the present climate and were formed in a colder, past cryogenic episode.The largest cryoplanation surfaces are formed in sedimentary rocks, followed by volcanic, metamorphic and intrusive rocks. Gypsum rocks of low frost susceptibility (non‐porous) do not produce cryoplanation terraces. Cryoplanation is thought to be the result of frost shattering, frost heave and gelifluction of frost‐susceptible (porous) rocks in a climate with numerous freeze‐thaw cycles.
Caractérisation du Pergélisol de Buttes Cryogènes à l'Aide de Diagraphies Électriques au Nunavik, Québec
Authors: Fortier R. , LéVesque R. , Seguin M. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectrical loggings for permafrost characterization in cryogenic mounds in Nunavik, Québec. Geophysical methods are useful tools to improve the understanding of physical phenomena related to permafrost. Induced polarization logging has not been commonly used yet for permafrost studies. In this study, electrical contact is insured through regularly spaced metallic electrodes vertically inserted in the ground along a multiconductor cable. Thermistors located at the same depths yield a temperature profile in the soil. Both apparent electrical resistivities and apparent electrical chargeabilities are logged. A dipole‐dipole configuration is used. The spacings between the electrodes of a dipole vary from 0.1 to 1 m. Two study areas (Kangiqsualujjuaq in Ungava Bay and Umiujaq in Hudson Bay) in northern Quebec are investigated; they are both located at the tree line and have a mean annual air temperature of about −5.6ºC. The base of permafrost is easily detected through the high contrasts in apparent electrical resistivity and apparent chargeability between frozen and unfrozen soils. Ice‐rich permafrost is characterized by high resistivity values and close to zero chargeability values, while ice‐poor permafrost is characterized by intermediate resistivity and low chargeability values. In unfrozen zones, low apparent resistivity and high apparent chargeability (positive or negative) values are encountered. These guidelines for the interpretation of the logs allow a categorization of different subhorizontal zones in permafrost. Ice‐rich zones do occur near the surface and at the base of permafrost. A low ice content zone is usually sandwiched between these two zones. In this central zone, the growth of ice lenses is limited due to the small intake of water which is damned by the icy zones above and below.
Solifluction and the Role of Permafrost Creep, Eastern Melville Island, N.W.T., Canada
Authors: Bennett L. P. , French H. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn situ measurements of solifluction and permafrost creep on several low‐angled slopes near Rea Point, Melville Island, emphasize that there is no clear relationship between the two processes. Solifluction and permafrost creep are essentially independent in time (e.g. early summer versus late summer dominance) and mechanics (e.g. the flow of saturated sediments versus the plastic flow of ice‐rich sediments). Such differences are also likely to alter the relative importance of each of these mass‐wasting processes on a slope.
Differential frost heave, load casting and convection: Converging mechanisms; a discussion of the origin of cryoturbations
Authors: Van Vliet‐Lanoë Brigitte 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews and discusses the main mechanisms involved in cryoturbation processes and patterned ground. The arguments are based upon field, thermal, moisture and micromorphological data in relation to cryogenic fabric stability and local hydraulic conditions. Differential frost heaving appears to be the main mechanism of cryoturbation, but its action can be helped by cryostatic pressures, by differential swelling and probably also by load casting in poorly drained sites. Differential frost heaving can be emphasized if organics are present. Frost‐susceptibility gradients provide an understanding of the geometry of deformations.
A periglacial stratified slope deposit in the valley and ridge province of central Pennsylvania, USA: Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and geomorphic evolution
Authors: Gardner Thomas W. , Ritter John B. , Shuman Christopher A. , Bell James C. , Sasowsky Kathryn C. , Pinter Nicholas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sedimentology and stratigraphy of a stratified slope deposit in central Pennsylvania together with existing pollen data and global climate simulations are used to develop a model for stratified slope deposition within the context of a waxing and waning Late Wisconsinan periglacial climate. The deposit consists of well‐stratified beds of platy, subangular shale chips ranging in size from very fine to very coarse gravel and is characterized by two facies: a matrix‐supported facies and a clast‐supported facies. Mechanical breakdown of bare, highly fractured shale bedrock by frost shattering and freeze‐thaw activity in a periglacial environment in front of the Late Wisconsinan glacial boundary provided an abundant and continuous sediment supply. Gelifracts were transported from bedrock source areas to depositional sites along valley side‐slopes by sheetwash and debris flow processes, creating an inclined (10º), aggradational surface of low relief. Surface runoff was derived from snow melt and rainfall onto impermeable frozen ground and bedrock surfaces. The cyclic nature and timing of deposition indicate that sediment was produced and transported immediately prior to and after the Late Wisconsinan glacial maximum. The Late Wisconsinan glacial maximum was characterized by permafrost conditions with reduced sediment supply and erosional truncation of the stratified slope deposit. Frost cracks, ice wedges and soil wedges developed on an unconformity within the deposit during the glacial maximum.
Observations of aeolian transport and niveo‐aeolian deposition at three lowland sites, Canadian arctic archipelago
Authors: Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Young Kathy L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObservations of wind action were made in the late winter, spring and summer at three lowland sites located on Banks Island (1977‐79), Melville Island (1986‐87) and Ellesmere Island (1989‐90). Erosion pin measurements in north‐central Banks Island showed minimal activity on interfluves and the highest rates at a blowout site in an unvegetated sand plain. The timing of aeolian activity during the year depended on the site characteristics. Where the snow cover was incomplete in winter, either because a rugged microtopography resulted in terrain elements protruding above the surface of the snow or because sublimation of snow exposed the ground surface, aeolian transport could occur year‐round. In areas with a flatter microtopography, summer transport took place but deflation was negligible over the winter and niveo‐aeolian deposition was confined to the autumn and spring when the snow cover was patchy. Windblown sediment became spatially concentrated by denivation at some sites and was deposited on slopes as fans or layers up to 8 cm thick. In the years this occurred, the rate of deposition was greater than sediment removal by wash or other processes and, at least in the short term, the form of the slope was changed.
Ice‐wedge casts of Wisconsinan age in Eastern Nebraska
Authors: Wayne William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSand‐filled, wedge‐shaped structures beneath a thin layer of aeolian sand penetrate a pre‐Illinoian till and gravel in northeastern Nebraska. Interpreted to be relic thermal contraction crack wedges, they provide the first definite evidence in this State of the former presence of permafrost. The wedges are 5‐7 m apart, 1.8‐2.8 m deep and 0.6‐0.9 m across at the top, taper downward to a crack and intersect to form polygons. They are filled with medium sand that contains mostly rounded and frosted grains. Vertical fabric is present in each wedge. Ventifacts lie along the top of the till, which is covered by 0.3‐0.4 m of interlaminated medium and fine sand that grades upward into 1.0 m of Peoria Loess.These sand wedges formed in thermal contraction cracks, in dry, windswept areas 25‐50 km south of the Late Wisconsinan ice margin, where snow cover was minimal, so that blown sand fell into the open cracks. They probably required mean annual temperatures of —6 °C to —8 °C or lower, along with strong winds and rapid drops in temperature. Yardang‐like topography, beyond the limit of Wisconsinan till across central South Dakota and northeastern Nebraska, is further evidence of exceptionally strong winds parallel to the ice margin during the Late Wisconsinan glacial maximum, between 22 and 18 ka.