bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in 2D Materials for Infrared Photodetection: Synthesis, Heterostructures, and Device Innovations
Authors: Jiang Mingjia , Kong Denan , Zhang Minghao , Lan He , Hu Qingmei , Zhou Yao , Zhou Jiadong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as transformative candidates for infrared photodetection, showcasing exceptional properties such as high carrier mobility, tunable bandgaps, and strong light‐matter interactions. Despite their potential, challenges remain in achieving broadband spectral responses (e.g., ultraviolet to far‐infrared), minimizing dark currents (<10−10 A), and maximizing on/off ratios (>103). This review explores recent advancements in synthesis techniques, intrinsic material properties, and the design of innovative heterostructures to address these issues. Key topics include van der Waals heterostructures, photodetection mechanisms, and mixed‐dimensional device architectures. Additionally, challenges in scalable fabrication are highlighted and artificial intelligence driven material discovery is proposed as a pathway toward practical applications in commercial infrared detection.
Metarhizium anisopliae JEF‐197 Loses Glucose Metabolism in Surviving Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetle Against the Fungal Pathogen
Authors: Song Gahyeon , Lee Mi Rong , Kim Jong Cheol , Kim Jae Su 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTJapanese pine sawyer beetle (JPSB), Monochamus alternatus is a forest insect pest with damaging to pine trees through vectoring plant‐parasitic nematodes. In our previous work, the entomopathogenic Metarhizium anisopliae JEF‐197 was effective in controlling JPSB adults. However some of JPSB adults survived well even against the fungal treatment. Now here in this work, we analyzed the transcriptome of JEF‐197 from the fungus‐treated JPSB adults which still survived in 8 days after the treatment. The day was determined based on the lethal time 50 (LT50) in our previous study. As a control, JEF‐197 was cultured on 1/4SDA for 8 days. The plate‐cultured JEF‐197 transcripts were used for building‐up an index in the abundance analysis using kallisto to investigate the gene regulation. Additionally, transcripts from the JEF‐197‐treated PSB were analyzed to find possible fungal transcripts to enlarge the index of abundance analysis. In the following differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, most JEF‐197 transcripts showed significant down‐regulations in JPSB adults 8 days after treatment, which were presented as clustering heatmap, PCA, MA and Volcano plots. The GO enrichment analysis showed similar results, in which most of pathways were significantly suppressed. Metabolic and biosynthesis metabolisms were most dominantly downregulated pathways. Particularly, many genes of glucose metabolisms were significantly suppressed, including genes for glycolysis, TCA, ATP & nucleotide synthesis, and glycogen & chitin production. This work suggests that JEF‐197 lost its own glucose metabolism in the survived JPSB adults, and the survival could be involved in the active and continuous host defense mechanisms. It gives us questions what factors would be involved in the different response of individual to the fungal treatment and what happens if live and dead hosts were pooled in RNA‐sequencing.
A Consecutive Two‐Step Radical‐Mediated Cyclization of gem‐Difluorinated Diynes to Access gem‐Difluorinated Cedrenes
Authors: Thaharn Watcharaporn , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA consecutive two‐step radical‐mediated cyclization of gem‐difluoromethylenated bis(3‐arylpropagyl)‐indane‐1,3‐diones to access structurally unique gem‐difluoromethylenated cedrenes is described. Substituents located on the aryl rings of the two propagyl units play an important role in governing the consecutive cyclization pattern. Upon treatment of gem‐difluoromethylenated 1,3‐diane with Bu3SnH/AIBN, a tributylstannyl radical‐mediated radical cyclization between the two diyne units chemoselectively took place, leading to the corresponding gem‐difluoromethylenated acoradienes in good yields, after removal of tributylstannyl group by TFA. Subsequently, Bu3SnH/AIBN promoted reductive cleavage of the phenylsulfanyl group leading to difluoroalkyl radicals which spontaneously underwent radical cyclization to give a series of gem‐difluoromethylenated cedrenes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Ynones with Aryl Bromides Enabled by C(O)‐C(sp) Bond Activation
Authors: Zhang Yanqiong , Tao Qinyue , Li Qiang , Jin Zewei , Long Yang , Zhou Xiangge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions have emerged as one of the most attractive methods in organic synthesis in recent years. However, due to the inertness of C−C bonds, C−C bond activation enabled cross‐coupling reactions are far less common. In this work, the first example of palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of ynones with aryl bromides for the synthesis of diarylacetylenes via C(O)‐C(sp) bond activation was described. The reaction exhibited directing group‐free unstrained C−C bond activation, wide substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that a cross‐electrophile coupling reaction pathway might be involved rather than the conventional nucleophilic addition/β‐C elimination pathway.
Controllability counterexamples of linear systems and bilinear systems arising in Euler discretization
Authors: Tie Lin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSince controllability of continuous‐time nonlinear systems is quite difficult to study, whether it can be explored through their discretized systems becomes an important issue. In this paper, we show that, although controllability of linear time‐invariant systems keeps invariant in Euler discretization, controllability of continuous‐time nonlinear systems and even linear time‐varying systems may be different from controllability of their discretized systems by Euler discretization. In particular, we present arbitrary‐finite‐dimensional controllability counterexamples through linear time‐varying systems and bilinear systems to reveal that controllability of a continuous‐time control system may be changed after Euler discretization. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the presented controllability counterexamples.
Learning estimator‐based fault‐tolerant control for robot manipulators with partial loss of actuator effectiveness
Authors: Huang Jianbang , Cao Teng , Zhang Zhe , Yang Shaohua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper proposes a fault‐tolerant control approach for robot manipulators, addressing challenges such as parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, control input limitations, and partial loss of actuator effectiveness. As an essential step, an improved learning estimator is designed to identify actuator faults by introducing a sign function. Based on the estimated fault information, a fault‐tolerant control law is subsequently developed. To address the challenge of control input saturation, a saturation compensation mechanism is integrated into the control law. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the performance and efficacy of the proposed learning estimator and control strategy, confirming its feasibility and robustness under various fault conditions.
Lithium Removal From Drinking Water
Authors: Keithley Asher E. , Jordan Page , Muhlen Christy , Pinelli Matthew , Lytle Darren A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLithium (Li) is listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5), and its occurrence in drinking water is being quantified under the fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5). Little information is available on its removal from drinking water. The current study evaluated 19 historical pilot‐ and full‐scale studies and conducted sampling at 13 water treatment plants. The 32 sites included 3 surface water and 29 groundwater sources, and 8 treatment process categories. Conventional surface water treatment, adsorptive media, biological aerobic groundwater treatment, and manganese removal filters were not effective at removing Li. Cation exchange sometimes achieved Li removal, but removals were inconsistent. Lime softening often removed 11%–54% Li, but treated water Li typically was > 10 μg/L. RO removed > 90% of Li, although finished water concentrations depended on blending rates. This study fills a critical gap in evaluating Li treatability through the existing water treatment infrastructure.
Biomass to biofuel: Optimizing sustainable biodiesel production from fish waste and thermodynamic‐kinetic analysis
Authors: Shalfoh Ehsan , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu , Binhweel Fozy , Shaah Marwan Abdulhakim , Senusi Wardah , Alsaadi Sami , Shakir Mohammad Aliff 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe increasing volume of organic waste, particularly from landfills, presents a serious environmental challenge, and reliance on petrodiesel has intensified concerns over diminishing fuel resources. Optimizing the conversion of biomass, such as fish waste, into biodiesel while improving process efficiency and understanding the reaction dynamics represents a key challenge. This study explores fish waste as a renewable feedstock for biodiesel production, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. Supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide was employed to extract fish lipid efficiently, achieving a maximum yield of 77.2% under optimal conditions of 80 °C, 30 MPa pressure, and 60 min of extraction time. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing biodiesel yield during catalytic transesterification by varying the temperature (55–75 °C), the molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalyst concentration (NaOH 0.5–2.5 wt%), and the reaction time (45 to 105 min). The optimized transesterification conditions, consisting of a reaction temperature of 60 °C, 2 wt% NaOH as the catalyst, and a reaction time of 90 min, resulted in a biodiesel yield of 92.1%. A second‐order kinetic model and Eyring's theory were used to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction, providing deeper insights into the efficiency of the process. The biodiesel produced conformed to established commercial standards, specifically EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. These findings emphasize the potential of utilizing fish waste as a viable, sustainable feedstock for biodiesel and reducing environmental waste while advancing renewable energy technologies.
Design of Histidine Sequence‐Associated Tripeptide Sequences for Recognition of Copper Ions and Their Application to Live Cells
Authors: Wang Xue‐jiao , Hao Jun‐lei , Lin Peng‐cheng , Li Xiao , Li Shen‐ao , Wang Jing‐xuan , Liu Shui‐juan , Wang Zhong‐chang , Gao Ming‐yong , Wu Jiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCopper is central to many enzymes in living organisms, and imbalances in copper levels are linked to various diseases. Therefore, developing probes to detect copper ions is essential. Histidine, especially in the polypeptide sequences at the first three N‐terminal positions (His1, His2, and His3), uniquely binds to copper ions. This study introduces three groups of tripeptide probes designed to monitor copper ion levels in living cells and organisms. The results show that tripeptides with histidine at the −2 position, specifically HDQL‐2 (Asp‐His‐Gln‐Dansyl), HMFM‐2 (Met‐His‐Phe‐Dansyl), and HDMB‐2 (Asp‐His‐Met‐Dansyl), exhibit a higher affinity for copper ions. These probes responded quickly to copper ions, demonstrating excellent fluorescence turn‐off performance and stable detection within a pH range of 6.0–11.0. The detection limits for fluorescence titration, calculated using the 3σ/k equation, were 17.65 nM (HDQL‐2), 18.04 nM (HMFM‐2), and 15.50 nM (HDMB‐2). Peptide probes are ideal for detecting copper ions in living cells via fluorescence imaging because of their low toxicity and good biocompatibility. The fluorescence intensity decreases as copper ion content changes.
Bio‐Inspired Synthesis of Luminescent AgNPs Using Groundnut Oil Cake Extract for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II Dye
Authors: Manikandan Velu , Subash Velu , Jayanthi Palaniyappan , Geremew Bontu Habtamu , Mythili R. , Song Kwang Soup 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of bio‐fabrication techniques for nanoparticles has gained significant attention due to their cost‐effectiveness, sustainability, and prospective for environmental applications. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully fabricated using groundnut oil cake (GOC) extract as a reducing agent. The bioactive compounds in GOC, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, played a crucial role in reducing silver nitrate into stable AgNPs in an aqueous solution. The use of GOC extract as a green reducing agent highlights the eco‐friendly nature of the synthesis process. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the successful fabrication of AgNPs. The synthesis process was most efficient at a neutral pH of 7. The structural and morphological characteristics of the AgNPs were examined using advanced characterization methods such as EDS, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. TEM analysis revealed that the AgNPs ranged in size from 14 to 50 nm on average. The green‐synthesized AgNPs showed outstanding photocatalytic performance, degrading 99.3% of Orange II dye in 120 min under visible light. Their spherical shape enhances charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. The eco‐friendly and cost‐effective synthesis approach using GOC extract emphasizes the potential of these AgNPs for sustainable water purification and environmental remediation.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Related Diagnostic Model Accurately Assesses Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Stratification and Immune Infiltration Characterization
Authors: Wang Dexun , Li Qianqian , Diao Xiaopeng , Wang Qizun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects synovial joints, leading to joint destruction, impaired physical function, and reduced quality of life. However, no accurate method for assessing RA risk currently exists. Given the critical role of early detection and intervention in RA management, further comprehensive risk assessments are essential. Mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) is a key factor in the initiation and progression of RA. The bidirectional interaction between RA and MOS supports the feasibility of MOS‐based risk stratification for RA. Using public databases, we first applied the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) model to identify key genes involved in RA among MOS‐related genes. Differential expression patterns of MOS‐related genes were then analyzed using various machine learning algorithms to identify potential biomarkers. A nomogram model was established using CDKN1A, GADD45B, and MAFF genes to predict RA risk, followed by an evaluation of its reliability and stability. Additionally, we analyzed MOS‐associated molecular subtypes and immune infiltration characteristics. Our findings highlight the significant role of MOS in RA development and underscore the clinical value of personalized treatment strategies.
A Neural Network Approach to Identify Left–Right Orientation of Anatomical Brain MRI
Authors: Nishimaki Kei , Iyatomi Hitoshi , Oishi Kenichi ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle flagship study of ageing
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study presents a novel application of deep learning to enhance the accuracy of left–right orientation identification in anatomical brain MRI scans. Left–right orientation misidentification in brain MRIs presents significant challenges due to several factors, including metadata loss or ambiguity, which often occurs during the de‐identification of medical images for research, conversion between image formats, software operations that strip or overwrite metadata, and the use of older imaging systems that stored orientation differently.MethodA three‐dimensional convolutional neural network model was trained using 350 MRIs and evaluated on the basis of eight distinct brain MRI databases, totaling 3056 MRIs, to assess its performance across various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.FindingThe proposed deep‐learning framework demonstrated a 99.8% accuracy in identifying the left–right orientation, thus, addressing challenges associated with the loss of orientation metadata. GradCAM was used to visualize areas of the brain where the model focused, demonstrating the importance of the right planum temporale and surrounding areas in judging left–right orientation. The planum temporale is known to exhibit notable left–right asymmetry related to language functions, underscoring the biological validity of the model. The half of the four left–right misidentified MRIs involved notable brain feature variations, such as a large arachnoidal cyst adjacent to the temporal lobe or ventricular asymmetry, indicating areas for further investigation.ConclusionThis approach offers a potential solution to the persistent issue of left–right misorientation in brain MRIs and supports the reliability of neuroscientific research by ensuring accurate data interpretation.
Risk of and Mortality After Acute Kidney Injury Following Cancer Treatment: A Cohort Study
Authors: Munch Philip Vestergaard , Nørgaard Mette , Jensen Simon Kok , Birn Henrik , Schmidt Henrik , Christiansen Christian Fynbo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) can be a severe complication in cancer patients. However, uncertainty remains regarding the risk of and prognosis after AKI following cancer treatments. We therefore aimed to examine the risk of and mortality after AKI following a wide range of specific cancer treatments, including surgical procedures, anticancer drugs, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs).MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study. We included adult patients receiving cancer treatment in Denmark from 2010 to 2024. We calculated the risk of AKI within 7 days after surgeries, 1 year after initiation of anticancer drugs, and 100 days after HSCTs. Furthermore, we examined the 1‐year mortality in patients with and without AKI following cancer treatment.ResultsWe identified 357,870 cancer patients. The 7‐day risk of AKI after surgery ranged from 0.3% (breast cancer surgery) to 68.9% (radical nephrectomy in kidney cancer) while the 1‐year risk following anticancer drug treatment ranged from 3.5% (cyclophosphamide in breast cancer) to 79.3% (all drugs in acute lymphatic leukemia). The 100‐day AKI risk following HSCT ranged from 20.7% (multiple myeloma) to 81.8% (leukemia). For most treatments, AKI was associated with a higher 1‐year hazard ratio and risk of death, with exceptions including radical nephrectomy in kidney cancer.ConclusionIn conclusion, several cancer treatments were associated with a high risk of AKI, and AKI was associated with increased mortality in most treatments. These findings highlight the prognostic value of assessing kidney function following specific cancer treatments in clinical practice.
Dietary Quality and Intake of Cancer Caregivers: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Ayre Susannah K. , Collins Katelyn E. , Bourdaniotis Xanthia E. , Rose Grace L. , Boardman Gosia , Depaune Constantina , Goodwin Belinda C. , Johnston Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsAs more people live with and beyond a cancer diagnosis, the role of informal caregivers becomes increasingly vital. Despite emotional, physical, and financial challenges, the impact of caregiving on health behaviors, including diet, has been largely overlooked. This systematic review synthesized quantitative evidence on dietary quality and intake among cancer caregivers.MethodsFive databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched in February 2024 using keywords including cancer, caregiver, and diet. Articles published since 2013 that quantitatively assessed the dietary quality or intake of cancer caregivers were eligible. Articles were independently screened in Rayaan by two authors, with discrepancies resolved by a third author. Data on study design, aims, methods, sample characteristics, and results were extracted and summarized using descriptive analyses. One author performed data extraction, with a second author reviewing results for accuracy.ResultsOf 12,584 records identified, 22 met eligibility criteria. Most studies were conducted in the United States (68%), were cross‐sectional (77%), and included caregivers who were partners (68%) of people with cancer. Four (18%) studies reported on energy or nutrient intakes, 13 (59%) reported on food or food group intakes, and 10 (45%) reported on diet quality or dietary patterns. Results varied widely due to differences in assessment methods used. Dietary changes due to caregiving were described in 8 (36%) studies, mostly using retrospective self‐reported data. Negative, positive, and no dietary changes were reported in 7 (32%), 5 (23%), and 4 (18%) studies, respectively. Two (9%) studies did not specify the direction of change. Eight (36%) studies assessed adherence to dietary recommendations, with mixed results.ConclusionsEvidence of the dietary quality and intake of cancer caregivers is inconclusive. Larger, longitudinal studies using validated measures, repeated observations, and comparison to dietary guidelines are needed to better understand the impacts of caregiving on diet.
Pharmacological Strategies for Providing Patients With Delirium Relief From Terminal Dyspnea: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Takaaki , Mori Masanori , Yamaguchi Takashi , Imai Kengo , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Maeda Isseki , Hatano Yutaka , Yokomichi Naosuke , Hamano Jun , Morita Tatsuya ,   East Asian Collaborative Cross‐Cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying Process (EASED) investigators
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSystemic opioids are recommended as a pharmacological treatment for dyspnea, and antipsychotics are widely used for delirium. Because little is known about optimal palliative pharmacological strategies for dyspnea in patients with delirium, this study explored the symptom course in such cases, including the use of opioids and antipsychotics.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective and observational study. We consecutively enrolled adult patients with advanced cancer at palliative care units in Japan. The eligibility criteria for their participation were a dyspnea Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) score ≥ 2 and the presence of delirium. We investigated pharmacological strategies, IPOS for dyspnea, and delirium symptoms using item 9 of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale.ResultsOf the 1896 patients, 141 were found eligible and were analyzed. Eighty‐two (58%) patients had agitated delirium, and the median survival period was 4 days. Regarding pharmacological strategy, 31 (22%) received opioid initiation or dose escalation, whereas 92 (65%) used regular antipsychotics. Although mean dyspnea IPOS scores significantly decreased from Day 1 to Day 2 (0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.64), the proportion of responders (IPOS score ≤ 1) was 21% (30/141). In the agitated delirium group, the proportion of remaining agitation symptoms at Day 2 was 74% (61/82).ConclusionsThe combined distressing symptoms of dyspnea and delirium during the last days of life are likely to be refractory suffering, which shows a poor response to pharmacological interventions, including opioids and antipsychotics.