bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological studies on mouse mammary tumors. I. Induction of resistance to tumor isograft in C3H/He mice
Authors: Nishioka Kusuya , Irie Reiko Furuse , Inoue Masaharu , Chang Shaoyuan , Takeuchi Shoshichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn isografted tumor MM2, originating from a spontaneous mammary tumor in a C3H/He/mouse, killed 4‐ to 5‐week‐old mice within 30 days through intraperitoneal injection of 2 × 104 cells per mouse. It was shown that resistance to the isograft was induced by injection of 1.5 × 105 or 2.0 × 105 tumor cells sensitized with serum (5 μg antibody N) of rabbits immunized with the tumor. Four weeks after injection of the sensitized MM2 cells, 173 C3H/He mice were challenged intraperitoneally with fresh unsensitized MM2 in doses of 5 × 105 to 1 × 106 cells per mouse. Of these, 119 mice survived without any sign of tumor growth while all untreated mice died. The mean survival time for untreated mice was 18.1 days (± 1.7) when inoculated with 5 × 105 cells and 16.2 days (± 1.8) when inoculated with 1 × 106 cells. After the second challenge with the same number of fresh unsensitized cells, 117 out of 119 mice survived without any sign of tumor growth. All of 15 mice randomly selected from these resistant mice were tested for acceptance of skin grafts from normal C3H/He mice. The grafts showed no rejection even 150 days after the second graft. After hyperimmunization of these resistant mice, the serum of the spleen extract taken from the mice inhibited growth of tumors when the tumors were premixed in vitro and injected intraperitoneally into C3H/He mice.
Immunological studies on mouse mammary tumors. II. Characterization of tumor‐specific antibodies against mouse mammary tumors
Authors: Takeuchi Shoshichi , Irie Reiko Furuse , Inoue Masaharu , Irie Kenji , Izumi Rikuichi , Nishioka Kusuya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter injection of isografted mammary tumor MM2 sensitized with rabbit antiserum, resistance was induced in C3H/He mice after repeated challenges with MM2. The serum taken from these mice was found to be cytotoxic against MM2 cells. The serum also inhibited the outgrowth of transplant of primary tissue culture cells of spontaneous mammary tumor of C3H/He mice. A series of transplanted mammary tumors recently converted into ascitic form in our laboratory (MM3, MM4‐1, MM4‐2, MM4‐3, MM6, MM8, MM9, MM11, MM12 and MM13), and Ehrlich ascites tumor were found to be susceptible to this serum, as tested by trypan blue uptake in vitro. Outgrowth of these tumors was also inhibited when tumor premixed with this serum was injected.No cytotoxic effect was observed against normal mouse mammary gland cells of a C3H/He mouse.Sera obtained from hyperimmunized syngeneic C3H/He mice were able to fix complement with MM2 tumors. They were partially inactivated by heating at 56° C and by treatment with 2‐mercaptoethanol. After gel filtration through Sephadex G‐200, complement fixing and cytotoxic activity were found in both 19S and 7S fractions. The 7S fractions, after DEAE cellulose column chromatography, gave a precipititin line at the IgG position in immunoelectrophoresis.From the above evidence, it is concluded that the target cells of the cytotoxic factors of this serum are primary cultured cells or isografted cells of mammary tumors of C3H/He mice. The cytotoxic factors present in the serum are considered to be antibodies against isografts of mammary tumors in C3H/He mice.
Synthesis and fate of immunological surface receptors on cultured burkitt lymphoma cells
Authors: Osunkoya B. O. , Mottram Frances C. , Isoun Miriam J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution and rate of appearance of newly synthesized receptors on the surface of Burkitt lymphoma cells were determined by membrane immunofluorescence tests on trypsinized cell lines growing as continuous cultures in a medium containing gamma globulins with specificity for the receptors.An attempt was made to determine the fate of the „surface receptor‐serum globulin”︁ complex by examining serial samples of cultures of stained positive cells for membrane immunofluorescence. There is partial evidence to suggest that observed fluctuations in the numbers of receptor‐producing cells are partly due to active shedding of receptors from the cell surfaces.
Gastric cancer in man and physical activity at work
Authors: Stukonis M. , Doll R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occupational mortality data in England and Wales have been examined to see whether differences in physical activity or occupation could contribute to the higher mortality from gastric cancer in the poorer socio‐economic classes.Occupations were classed in three grades according to whether the amount of physical activity required was light, intermediate, or heavy, and standardized mortality ratios were calculated for each category of social class and physical activity.The mortality from gastric cancer showed a marked trend with physical activity in social class III, which provided the best conditions for studying the relationship, and less clear trends in the other classes. Other diseases (lung cancer, other cancers, gastric ulcer, and gastritis, enteritis, and diarrhoea) provided only minor evidence of such a relationship.It is suggested that the relationship between the mortality from gastric cancer and physical activity at work may be due in part to the fact that men whose occupation involves heavy work eat more and are consequently exposed to a greater quantity of carcinogens in their food.
Effective antiviral therapy of two murine leukemias with an interferon‐inducing synthetic carboxylate copolymer
Authors: Chirigos M. A. , Turner W. , Pearson J. , Griffin W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA synthetic anionic copolymer was employed to induce interferon in vivo. The ability of the induced interferon to protect mice inoculated with lethal doses of Friend or Rauscher leukemia virus was examined. Four parameters were employed to assess the antiviral activity of the induced interferon; inhibition of splenomegaly; viral‐induced spleen foci; viral replication; and increase in survival time.Daily treatment with a low dose of copolymer was more effective than a single treatment with a high dose. A higher percentage of treated mice was completely protected from a lethal dose of Friend or Rauscher leukemia virus when compared with the controls. A relationship occurred between the effect of copolymer‐induced interferon and the infecting dose of leukemia virus. Protection developed only when treatment was initiated prior to virus challenge.
Transplantation of three tumors induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine
Authors: Jasmin et G. , Riopelle J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree renal tumors induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine were serially transplanted in animals of the same strain and one of these tumors was further studied in tissue culture. Originally, these tumors exhibited the histologic characteristics of two different types of stromal nephromas. Their growth rate tended to increase with the number of passages and the percentage of takes was higher in males than in females. In the course of successive passages, the three tumors retained their sarcomatous aspect and either remained undifferentiated or underwent progressive differentiation into primitive mesenchyme, into smooth or striated muscle tissue. The epithelial component of one of these tumors persisted until the third passage; it was well delimited from the surrounding sarcomatoid tissue so that the possibility of a metaplastic transformation seems unlikely. It appears that the transplantation of these neoplasms resulted in a simplification of their structural organization and that they evolved towards a mesenchymal differentiation of the muscular type.
Chromosomes in burkitt lymphomas. I. Serial studies in a case with bilateral tumors showing different chromosomal stemlines
Authors: Gripenberg Ulla , Levan Albert , Clifford Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chromosomes of a Burkitt lymphoma case were followed through a period of three months, including stages before treatment and during treatment and progression. The patient had bilateral facial tumors with metastases to lymph nodes on either side of the neck. The chromosomal stemlines were different on the left and the right side. Both were diploid, the left side representing the normal karyotype, the right side exhibiting a number of marker chromosomes. This difference characterized both the facial tumors and the neck metastases.During early stages of the right‐side tumor, the marker chromosomes M2 and MC predominated. Both were derived from C group chromosomes and had a constriction on their longer arm, separating a distal segment from the rest of the chromosome. M2 had the appearance of a small No. 2 chromosome, MC that of a large C chromosome. Later on, M2 was replaced by M1 through translocation of the distal segment to a No. 1 chromosome. Two other marker chromosomes MB and MD resembled B and D chromosomes, respectively, with elongated long arms.At terminal stages of the disease, when chemotherapeutic treatments had been administered repeatedly, highly disturbed chromosome conditions prevailed with numerous signs of chromosome breakage and errors of spiralization. Also a cultured cell line established at an early stage from the right‐side tumor showed a high incidence of similar aberrations. All the marker chromosomes, except, M1, were recovered in the culture.
Lactation and reproductive histories of breast cancer patients in greater athens, 1965–67
Authors: Valaoras Vasilios G. , Macmahon Brian , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Polychronopoulou Antonia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs part of an international collaborative study, an attempt was made to identify all cases of breast cancer among residents of the Cities of Athens and Piraeus newly diagnosed in a period of 2 1/2 years. A total of 956 cases was identified, giving an annual average incidence rate of 34.9 per 100,000 female population. Rates by age and marital status are reported.Of these cases 799 (84%) were interviewed, along with 2,470 controls. The controls were residents of Athens and Piraeus under treatment in the same hospitals as the breast cancer cases but for conditions other than breast cancer. In relation to the controls, the breast cancer cases were of low fertility. After adjustment for this difference there was no difference between cases and controls in any of a variety of measures of lactation experience.The cases differed significantly from the controls in having higher socio‐economic status, earlier menarche, later first pregnancy, later menopause and greater height and weight. The ranges of these variables were associated with variations in breast cancer risk of the order of two or three fold.
Sequential effects of chemically different carcinogens, dimethylnitrosamine and 4‐dimethylaminoazobenezene, on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Takayama Shozo , Imaizumi Tadayoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInduction of liver tumors was studied in rats given carcinogens as follows: (1) N‐nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) alone; (2) 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) alone; (3) DMN followed by DAB; and (4) DAB followed by DMN. The main findings were:(1) DAB feeding for 0.62 to 2.5 months, followed by DMN feeding for 5 months, induced liver carcinomas more frequently than did DMN alone given for 5 to 10 months, or DAB alone given for 2.5 months.(2) Likewise, DMN feeding for 0.62 or 1.25 months, followed by DAB feeding for 5 months, induced liver carcinomas more frequently than did DMN alone given for 5 to 10 months or DAB alone given for 2.5 months. Interestingly, when DMN was given for a longer time (2.5 months), followed by DAB for 5 months, 50% of the induced liver tumors were non‐epithelial.(3) Liver tumors were induced by sequential administration of the two carcinogens in doses that did not induce tumors when each carcinogen was given alone over a comparable time period.(4) The latent period for liver tumor development was shorter in groups that received the two carcinogens sequentially than in those that received DAB or DMN alone for comparable time periods.
Disappearance of infectious virus from friend virus‐induced C57BL/6 tumors
Authors: Odaka Takeshi , Ikawa Yoji , Takizawa Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice of C57BL/6 strain which had been infected with Friend leukemia virus within 15 days after birth developed hepatosplenomegaly after a latent period of about 2 months. Without exception, the enlarged spleens of these diseased mice contained infectious virus. Isografts from 13 such spleens gave rise to 5 transplantable lymphomas. These 5 tumors were all derived from the mice with enlarged thymus and/or mesenteric lymph node, while no tumors were obtained from spleen grafts from the mice with non‐enlarged thymus and node. The tumors thus established were passed successively in solid form in C57BL/6 mice. They lost demonstrable virus within a few, at most 9, passages in syngeneic mice. With these characteristics, these tumors are unique among Friend tumors of murine origin, since all thus far reported contained readily demonstrable virus. The presence of virus‐specific transplantation antigens was confirmed in some of these tumors. The induction of lymphoblastic lymphomas by Friend virus in C57BL/6 mice was discussed.
EBV‐Associated serological patterns in a burkitt lymphoma patient during regression and recurrence
Authors: Klein G. , Clifford P. , Henle G. , Henle W. , Geering G. , Old L. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree serological reactions have been followed in a Burkitt lymphoma patient during the clinical course of the disease, including long‐term regression, followed by recurrence and progressive growth, in spite of chemotherapy. Antibodies directed against surface antigens characteristic for EBV‐carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines of Burkitt lymphoma origin were assessed by blocking of direct membrane immunofluorescence. The level of surface reactive antibodies was high while the patient was in long‐term regression. It decreased to an insignificant level approximately half a year before tumor recurrence was clinically diagnosed. Immediately after the recurrence, it remained at a low level but increased subsequently and remained at a high level until the death of the patient. The anti‐EBV antibody level itself showed only minor fluctuations. Precipitating antibodies, directed against soluble antigen extracted from the EBV‐carrying Jijoye cell line, were absent during long‐term regression. They appeared soon after recurrence and remained at a high level until the patient died. Repeated biopsy specimens were taken after the recurrence. In the course of progressive growth, a coating of the IgG type was seen to accumulate on the surface of the tumor cells. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Aflatoxin carcinogenesis: Inhibition of liver cancer induction in hypophysectomized rats
Authors: Goodall C. M. , Butler W. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntact and hypophysectomized male rats were fed aflatoxin at a dose (4 μg/g in diet) sufficient to produce liver cancers in all of the 14 intact rats surviving 49 weeks. Fourteen hypophysectomized rats also survived this latent period, but no liver tumors were induced although the animals received aflatoxin at a higher rate than the intact control animals. However, tumors of extrahepatic tissues—particularly of the retro‐orbital lacrimal glands—were induced in the hypophysectomized rats. The selective blockade of hepatocarcinogenesis by hypophysectomy previously known with aminoazo dyes and fluorenamines is therefore extended to a new class of chemicals, the aflatoxins. It is suggested that aflatoxins may require metabolic activation before becoming effective carcinogens for rat liver.
A spleen weight assay for murine sarcoma virus harvey (MSV‐H)
Authors: Hirsch Martin S. , Harvey Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA spleen weight assay has been developed for titrating murine sarcoma virus‐Harvey (MSV‐H) 3 weeks after intraperitoneal infection of newborn BALB/c and random‐bred albino mice. Induction of splenomegaly corresponded in time with development of sarcomas and anaemia. The assay was also used to evaluate sera for neutralizing antibodies to MSV‐H. Weanling mice were much less susceptible to erythroblastic splenomegaly and tumour induction than newborns. Random‐bred mice were found more satisfactory for the assays than BALB/c mice. Newborn Sprague‐Dawley rats also responded to MSV‐H inoculation with a dose‐dependent erythroblastic splenomegaly.
Large‐ and small‐plaque variants of oncogenic simian adenovirus SA7(C8)
Authors: Altstein A. D. , Dodonova N. N. , Tsetlin E. M. , Babakova S. V. , Levenbook I. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreparations of simian adenovirus SA7, strain C8, highly oncogenic for hamsters, contain a mixture of large‐ and small‐plaque variants. The variants do not differ in their adsorption rates, virus yield per cell, sensitivity to sulfated agar polysaccharides or antigenic properties, as determined by neutralization tests. However, the small‐plaque variant releases infectious virus from cells at a slower rate than the large‐plaque variant. It is also more oncogenic for hamsters than the large‐plaque variant, but the tumors induced by the two variants do not differ morphologically. The variants seem to induce a transplantation antigen of similar or related antigenicity. Fewer cells are required for transplantation of tumors induced by the original virus and the small‐plaque variant than for transplantation of tumors induced by the large‐plaque variant.
Studies on murine sarcoma virus: antigenic characterization of murine sarcoma virus induced tumor cells
Authors: Chuat Jean‐Claude , Berman Leonard , Gunvén Peter , Klein Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigenicity of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) transformed mouse, rat and hamster cells has been studied by several techniques designed to detect surface antigens. Antigens were readily demonstrated on neoplastic mouse and rat cells. There was complete cross‐reactivity between cells induced by the Harvey (MSV‐H) or Moloney (MSV‐M) strains of MSV and by Moloney Leukemia Virus (MLV). No evidence of a distinct or separate „MSV‐non‐MLV”︁ antigen could be obtained by cross absorptions of MSV/MLV antisera and cells, or by tests designed to break MLV tolerance. Such results favor the view that MSV and MLV are closely related entities.With the 8303 line of MSV‐M transformed hamster cells serological tests revealed little if any reactivity with strongly positive mouse anti‐MSV/MLV antisera. In one test, however, immunization of mice with these cells gave some degree of protection against syngeneic MSV sarcoma.
Some factors affecting carbohydrate metabolism in hepatic tissues of different growth rates
Authors: Lea M. A. , Sasovetz D. , Morris H. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAspects of carbohydrate metabolism, namely glycogen concentration, glucokinase activity, hexokinase activity, lactate and α‐glycerophosphate production, were compared with growth rate in regenerating liver and two transplantable hepatomas (5123‐D and 7777). Lactate production with glucose as substrate was greater with whole homogenates than with supernatant fractions for the hepatomas but the reverse was the case with control, sham‐operated and regenerating liver. Nicotinamide had a greater effect on lactate production by homogenates of normal and regenerating liver than with tumor homogenates. The effect of nicotinamide was correlated with the NAD glycohydrolase activity of homogenates and supernatant fractions of the different tissues. It was suggested that changes in carbohydrate metabolism in regenerating liver show some resemblance to those observed in hepatomas of similar growth rate but more marked changes may be seen in the tumor tissues.
Antigènes nouveaux dans les cellules transformées par le SV40. I. Mise en évidence de trois nouveaux constituants antigéniques dans plusieurs lignées cellulaires d'origines différentes transformées par le SV40
Authors: Cyr Ch. De Vaux Saint , Herbet A. , Sobczak E. , Grabar R. Wicker Et P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractL'emploi de réactions en gélose permet de comparer les constituants solublcs de plusieurs lignées de cellules d'origines diffkrentes transformées les unes par le SV40, les autres spontanément ou par d'autres virus oncogènes. Les antisérunis préparés chez h inpin et chez le hamster, spécifiques pour un clone de cellules (TSV5Cl2) transforméAes par le SV40 mettent en évidence trois nouveaux constituants antigéniques dans toutes les souches de cellules transformées par le SV40 (hamster, souris, rat, chien) quelle que soit l'espèce d'origine. Ces constituants sont différents de l'antigène T du noyau et probablement de l'antigène de transplantation.
New antigens in cells transformed by the SV40 virus. II. Evidence of their cytoplasmic localization in a cell line (TSV5 CL2) of hamster fibroblasts transformed by SV40
Authors: Tilz G. P. , Cyr Ch. De Vaux Saint , Grabar P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA clone of hamster fibroblasts transformed by SV40 virus (TSV5 CL2) induced antibodies in hamsters against new antigenic constituents not present in the untransformed fibroblasts. The antibodies in the immune sera against histocompatibility antigens and those against nuclear T antigen were absorbed. The absorbed sera contained antibodies which agglutinated the transformed cells. The sera contained also precipitating antibodies against new antigens present in a crude extract of TSV5 CL2. These antibodies were directed to common new antigens present in SV40‐transformed fibroblasts from different species. Immunofluorescence and the “indirect enzyme‐labelled antibody technique” were used for the cellular localization of the antigens corresponding to the precipitating antibodies. Both techniques showed that these antigens were localized in the cytoplasm, mostly in the microsome‐ribosomal fractions, much less on the cell membrane and not at all in the nucleus.
Biological activity and separation of a leukaemogenic virus from murine sarcoma virus‐harvey (MSV‐H)
Authors: Harvey Jennifer J. , East June 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwelve different preparations of Murine Sarcoma Virus‐Harvey (MSV‐H) had leukaemogenic activity when tested in BALB/c and C3H/Bi mice or Sprague‐Dawley rats, some of which ultimately developed generalized lymphocytic leukaemia instead of reacting rapidly and characteristically with sarcoma formation and/or erythroblastic splenomegaly. Inactivation of MSV‐H by ether treatment, reducing its titre by dilution, and using the intramuscular route of injection, all biased towards leukaemogenesis. The leukaemogenic component could be separated by vertical transmission from three MSV‐H‐infected female mice, which themselves showed only sarcomas and/or splenic erythroblastosis, to as many as six successive generations of their untreated offspring. Presence of a leukaemogenic virus, probably MLV, was confirmed by serial passage of plasma filtrates from leukaemic animals, including leukaemic progeny, in newborn mice and rats. Lymphocytic leukaemia developed exclusively in these recipients and in those given a plasma concentrate. Moreover, pre‐treatment with the leukaemogenic virus enhanced the oncogenicity of MSV‐H in 8‐ and 14‐day‐old mice, as judged by an increased incidence of sarcomas. Pathological changes in the kidneys of the leukaemic mice are also described, which probably represent an immune deposit lesion related to the deposition of circulating complexes of viral antigen and anti‐viral antibody on the basement membranes of the glomerular capillaries.