bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Robotic Surgery the Future for Resectable Esophageal Cancer?: A Systematic Literature Review of Oncological and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Patel Nikhil Manish , Patel Pranav Harshad , Yeung Kai Tai Derek , Monk David , Mohammadi Borzoueh , Mughal Muntzer , Bhogal Ricky Harminder , Allum William , Abbassi-Ghadi Nima , Kumar Sacheen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Radical esophagectomy for resectable esophageal cancer is a major surgical intervention, associated with considerable postoperative morbidity. The introduction of robotic surgical platforms in esophagectomy may enhance advantages of minimally invasive surgery enabled by laparoscopy and thoracoscopy, including reduced postoperative pain and pulmonary complications. This systematic review aims to assess the clinical and oncological benefits of robot-assisted esophagectomy.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane databases was performed for studies published up to 1 August 2023. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022370983). Clinical and oncological outcomes data were extracted following full-text review of eligible studies.

Results
A total of 113 studies (n = 14,701 patients, n = 2455 female) were included. The majority of the studies were retrospective in nature (n = 89, 79%), and cohort studies were the most common type of study design (n = 88, 79%). The median number of patients per study was 54. Sixty-three studies reported using a robotic surgical platform for both the abdominal and thoracic phases of the procedure. The weighted mean incidence of postoperative pneumonia was 11%, anastomotic leak 10%, total length of hospitalisation 15.2 days, and a resection margin clear of the tumour was achieved in 95% of cases.

Conclusions
There are numerous reported advantages of robot-assisted surgery for resectable esophageal cancer. A correlation between procedural volume and improvements in outcomes with robotic esophagectomy has also been identified. Multicentre comparative clinical studies are essential to identify the true objective benefit on outcomes compared with conventional surgical approaches before robotic surgery is accepted as standard of practice.
Carbon Emissions Trading and Environmental Protection: International Evidence
Authors: Bai Jennie , Ru Hong 
Published: March 2024

We study how the implementation of emissions trading systems (ETSs) impacts emissions reductions and the usage of renewable energy using a panel sample of the largest 100 countries worldwide. Exploiting cross-country variations in ETS implementations, we show that ETS adoption materially reduced greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) emissions by 12.1% (18.1%). Moreover, ETSs reduced overall emissions by cutting the usage of fossil fuels such as coal by 23.70% while boosting the usage of renewable energy by 61.59%, on average. In contrast, introducing carbon taxes has a less effective impact on emissions reduction. It fails to boost the usage of renewable energy, though elevating tax rates and expanding tax coverage may help enhance the efficacy of carbon taxes. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: H. Ru thanks the financial support from the Nanyang Technological University, and Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its Tier 1 RG134/20. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03143 .
Are Top Management Teams Compensated as Teams? A Structural Modeling Approach
Authors: Li Chen 
Published: March 2024

I develop two empirical models to quantify agency friction caused by moral hazard in top management teams. They capture shareholders’ distinct perspectives on compensating top managers: the Individual Model, in which managers in a firm unilaterally shirk, and the Team Model, in which managers choose effort jointly. The Team Model rationalizes observed compensation better than the Individual Model, underlining the importance of managerial coordination and team-based incentives. This paper also offers novel estimates of agency friction in a team production setting. Risk premium explains a large portion of the pay differential across and within firms. Firm value would have dropped between 4% and 15% if managers shirked. Additional counterfactual estimation suggests that shareholders could reduce the total compensation by up to $17 million if they were to switch from the individual perspective to the team perspective. This paper was accepted by Shivaram Rajgopal, accounting. Funding: This work was supported by the Professional Staff Congress and the City University of New York (PSC-CUNY) [Grant 67780-00 45]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.4982 .
Mean-Field Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: A Decentralized Network Approach
Authors: Gu Haotian , Guo Xin , Wei Xiaoli , Xu Renyuan 
Published: March 2024

One of the challenges for multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is designing efficient learning algorithms for a large system in which each agent has only limited or partial information of the entire system. Whereas exciting progress has been made to analyze decentralized MARL with the network of agents for social networks and team video games, little is known theoretically for decentralized MARL with the network of states for modeling self-driving vehicles, ride-sharing, and data and traffic routing. This paper proposes a framework of localized training and decentralized execution to study MARL with the network of states. Localized training means that agents only need to collect local information in their neighboring states during the training phase; decentralized execution implies that agents can execute afterward the learned decentralized policies, which depend only on agents’ current states. The theoretical analysis consists of three key components: the first is the reformulation of the MARL system as a networked Markov decision process with teams of agents, enabling updating the associated team Q-function in a localized fashion; the second is the Bellman equation for the value function and the appropriate Q-function on the probability measure space; and the third is the exponential decay property of the team Q-function, facilitating its approximation with efficient sample efficiency and controllable error. The theoretical analysis paves the way for a new algorithm LTDE-Neural-AC, in which the actor–critic approach with overparameterized neural networks is proposed. The convergence and sample complexity are established and shown to be scalable with respect to the sizes of both agents and states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first neural network–based MARL algorithm with network structure and provable convergence guarantee. Funding: X. Wei is partially supported by NSFC no. 12201343. R. Xu is partially supported by the NSF CAREER award DMS-2339240.
Choledochal Cysts in Female Adult: Diagnostic Pitfall and Conservative Therapy for Bile Leak
Authors: Fuadhi Singgih Annas , Barmawi Agus , Sofii Imam , Setyawan Nurcahya , Handaya Adeodatus Yuda 
Published: March 2024

<p><strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> Choledochal cysts that are accompanied by obstructive jaundice are a rare case. These cysts can cause intrahepatic or extrahepatic ductal dilatation. Their diagnosis is difficult, particulary in adults. Proper management can prevent further complications.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A serial case report of a patient with a choledochal cyst.</p><p><strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> 2 female patients aged 21 years and 22 years have a painful and fixed lump in the upper right abdomen. The first patient also complained jaundice. Laboratory results showed an increase in total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. The second patient didn’t complaint about jaundice or increased bilirubin, and she had a cholecystectomy when she was ten. The diagnosis was confirmed by a contrast abdominal CT scan, showing type 1A Todani choledochal cysts in both patients. Management of the first patient was cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and Roux n Y hepaticojejunostomy. In the second patient, adhesiolysis, cyst excision, and Roux n Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed. The second patient had no postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> Choledochal cysts are a rare congenital condition in adulthood. n both cases, two patients were manage surgically. Bile leakage complications can be manage conservatively. Diagnostic and management of choledochal cysts must be correct to prevent pitfall and complications.</p>
Overview of the Knowledge Level and Behavior of Contact Lens Use among Medical Students of Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana
Authors: Pongtuluran Regina , Mandalahi Elisabeth Elida Elyus , Wangsa Felix Jordan , Widyasa Marni , Anugrahsari Santi 
Published: March 2024

<p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Contact lenses are intended to treat refractive errors in the eye, as a diagnostic aid, and to support the personal appearance. A case study suggested that contact lenses cause eye diseases due to less knowledge and misbehavior when wearing contact lenses. This study was conducted to know the level of knowledge and behavior of using contact lenses among medical students of Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (UKRIDA), intake 2016.</p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Methods: </strong>It employed a descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional study. A total of 97 students who use contact lenses filled out a questionnaire in Google form.</p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Results: </strong>The result demonstrated that 91 respondents (94%) had good knowledge about using contact lenses. Regarding behavior, 80 (93%) belonged to a good category.</p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Their good knowledge and behavior towards using soft contact lenses might minimize their risk of red eye incidence upon using them.</p><p class="Keywords"> </p>
Enhanced performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes enabled by zirconium doped SnO2 as electron transport layers
Authors: Zhao Jinxing , Man Zhongwei , Wang Shuaibing , Hao Chaoqi , Yu Zhenzhen , Li Xu , Tang Aiwei 
Published: March 2024

Next-generation display and lighting based on quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) require a balanced electron injection of electron transport layers (ETLs). However, classical ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as ETLs face inherent defects such as excessive electron injection and positive aging effects, urgently requiring the development of new types of ETL materials. Here, we show that high stability SnO2 NPs as ETL can significantly improve the QLED performance to 100567 cd·m−2 luminance, 14.3% maximum external quantum efficiency, and 13.1 cd·A−1 maximum current efficiency using traditional device structures after optimizing the film thickness and annealing the temperature. Furthermore, experimental tests reveal that by doping Zr4+ ions, the size of SnO2 NPs will reduce, dispersion will improve, and energy level will shift up. As expected, when using Zr-SnO2 NPs as the ETL, the maximum external quantum efficiency can reach 16.6%, which is close to the state-of-the-art QLEDs based on ZnO ETL. This work opens the door for developing novel, to the best of our knowledge, type ETLs for QLEDs.
Impact of genetic background as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A protocol for a nationwide genetic case-control (CV-GENES) study in Brazil
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Haliton , de Menezes Neves Precil Diego Miranda , de Figueiredo Oliveira Gustavo Bernardes , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Pintão Maria Carolina Tostes , Rocha Viviane Zorzanelli , de Souza Rocha Cristiane , Katz Viviane Nakano , Ferreira Elisa Napolitano , Rojas-Málaga Diana , Viana Celso Ferraz , da Silva Fabiula Fagundes , Vidotti Juliete Jorge , Felicio Natalia Mariana , de Araújo Vitor Leticia , Cesar Karina Gimenez , Araújo da Silva Camila , de Oliveira Alves Lucas Bassolli , Avezum Álvaro 
Published: March 2024

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide, and individual screening should be based on behavioral, metabolic, and genetic profile derived from data collected in large population-based studies. Due to the polygenic nature of ASCVD, we aimed to assess the association of genomics with ASCVD risk and its impact on the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral artery thrombotic-ischemic events at population level. CardioVascular Genes (CV-GENES) is a nationwide, multicenter, 1:1 case-control study of 3,734 patients in Brazil. Inclusion criterion for cases is the first occurrence of one of the ASCVD events. Individuals without known ASCVD will be eligible as controls. A core lab will perform the genetic analyses through low-pass whole genome sequencing and whole exome sequencing. In order to estimate the independent association between genetic polymorphisms and ASCVD, a polygenic risk score (PRS) will be built through a hybrid approach including effect size of each Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), number of effect alleles observed, sample ploidy, total number of SNPs included in the PRS, and number of non-missing SNPs in the sample. In addition, the presence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants will be screened in 8 genes (ABCG5, ABCG8, APOB, APOE, LDLR, LDLRAP1, LIPA, PCSK9) associated with atherosclerosis. Multiple logistic regression will be applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and population attributable risks will be calculated.
Clinical trial registration: This study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05515653).
Melatonin serves as a novel treatment in bladder fibrosis through TGF-β1/Smad and EMT
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gong Sun , He Weixin , Yuan Jie , Dong Di , Zhang Jialong , Wang Haomin , Chen Binghai 
Published: March 2024

Background
Melatonin (MEL) is an indole amine molecule primarily produced in the pineal gland. Melatonin has been shown in numerous studies to have antifibrotic effects on the kidney, liver, and other organs. However, it is still unclear how melatonin works in bladder fibrosis. We explored how melatonin affects animals with bladder fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods
MEL was used to treat human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBdSMCs) after they were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro. Proteomic analysis and bioinformatic analysis of the altered expression of these proteins were subsequently performed on HBdSMCs from the different processing methods. To construct an in vivo bladder fibrosis model, we injected protamine sulfate (PS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) twice a week into the rat bladder for six weeks. After two weeks of PS/LPS treatment, the mice in the treatment group were treated with MEL (20 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. Finally, we detected the expression of fibrosis markers from different perspectives. The TGF-β1/Smad pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cell and bladder tissues were also identified. Further proteomic analysis was also performed.

Results
In vitro, we found that TGF-β1 treatment enhanced the expression of the fibrosis markers collagen III and α-SMA in HBdSMCs. E-cadherin expression decreased while the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was activated. Vimentin and N-cadherin expression was also elevated at the same time. Similar findings were observed in the LPS group. After MEL treatment, the expression of collagen III and α-SMA decreased, the expression of E-cadherin increased, and the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin also decreased. According to our quantitative proteomics analysis, CCN1 and SQLE may be important proteins involved in the development of bladder fibrosis. MEL decreased the expression of these genes, leading to the relief of bladder fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the extracellular space structure related to metabolic pathways, actin filament binding, and stress fibers can serve as a pivotal focus in the management of fibrosis.

Conclusion
Melatonin attenuates bladder fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and EMT. CCN1 appears to be a possible therapeutic target for bladder fibrosis.
Impact of maintaining serum potassium concentration ≥ 3.6mEq/L versus ≥ 4.5mEq/L for 120 hours after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery on incidence of new onset atrial fibrillation: Protocol for a randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Campbell Niall G. , Allen Elizabeth , Evans Richard , Jamal Zahra , Opondo Charles , Sanders Julie , Sturgess Joanna , Montgomery Hugh E. , Elbourne Diana , O’Brien Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

Background
Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery (AFACS) occurs in about one in three patients following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). It is associated with increased short- and long-term morbidity, mortality and costs. To reduce AFACS incidence, efforts are often made to maintain serum potassium in the high-normal range (≥ 4.5mEq/L). However, there is no evidence that this strategy is efficacious. Furthermore, the approach is costly, often unpleasant for patients, and risks causing harm. We describe the protocol of a planned randomized non-inferiority trial to investigate the impact of intervening to maintain serum potassium ≥ 3.6 mEq/L vs ≥ 4.5 mEq/L on incidence of new-onset AFACS after isolated elective CABG.

Methods
Patients undergoing isolated CABG at sites in the UK and Germany will be recruited, randomized 1:1 and stratified by site to protocols maintaining serum potassium at either ≥ 3.6 mEq/L or ≥ 4.5 mEq/L. Participants will not be blind to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint is AFACS, defined as an episode of atrial fibrillation, flutter or tachycardia lasting ≥ 30 seconds until hour 120 after surgery, which is both clinically detected and electrocardiographically confirmed.
Assuming a 35% incidence of AFACS in the ‘tight control group’, and allowing for a 10% loss to follow-up, 1684 participants are required to provide 90% certainty that the upper limit of a one-sided 97.5% confidence interval (CI) will exclude a > 10% difference in favour of tight potassium control. Secondary endpoints include mortality, use of hospital resources and incidence of dysrhythmias not meeting the primary endpoint (detected using continuous heart rhythm monitoring).

Discussion
The Tight K Trial will assess whether a protocol to maintain serum potassium ≥ 3.6 mEq/L is non inferior to maintaining serum potassium ≥ 4.5 mEq/L in preventing new-onset AFACS after isolated CABG.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04053816. Registered on 13 August 2019. Last update 7 January 2021.
Cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic kidney disease using a cumulative eGFR-based statistic
Authors: Zafarnejad Reyhaneh , Chen Qiushi , Griffin Paul M. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Routine screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) could enable timely interventions to slow down disease progression, but currently there are no clinical guidelines for screening. We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for CKD using a novel analytical tool based on a cumulative sum statistic of estimated glomerular filtration rate (CUSUMGFR).

Methods
We developed a microsimulation model that captured CKD disease progression, major complications, patients’ awareness, and treatment adherence for a nationally representative synthetic cohort of age ≥ 30 years in the United States. In addition to the status quo with no screening, we considered four CUSUMGFR-based universal screening policies by frequency (annual or biennial) and starting age (30 or 60 years), and two targeted annual screening policies for patients with hypertension and diabetes, respectively. For each policy, we evaluated the total discounted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and direct health costs over a lifetime horizon and estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). We further performed one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of parameter uncertainty.

Results
Compared with the status quo, all the CUSUMGFR-based screening policies were cost-effective under the willingness-to-pay (WTP) range of $50,000 –$100,000, with the estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranging from $15,614/DALYs averted to $54,373/DALYs averted. Universal annual screening with starting age of 30 was the non-dominated policy on the cost-effectiveness frontier under the WTP of approximately $25,000. Adding more recent treatment option of sodium–glucose cotransporter–2 (SGLT2) inhibitors to the treatment regimen was found to be cost-saving. Among the most influential model parameters, variation in the CKD progression rate, adherence, and testing cost resulted in the highest variability in model outcomes.

Conclusions
CUSUMGFR-based screening policies for CKD are highly cost-effective in identifying patients at risk of end stage kidney disease in early stages of CKD. Given its simple requirement of a basic blood test, the CUSUMGFR-based screening can be easily incorporated into clinical workflow for disease monitoring and prevention.
A longitudinal study of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental health in ophthalmic personnel and students
Authors: Pang Yi , Robbs Connor , Wang Jingyun 
Published: March 2024

Background
Our previous study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic posed mental health challenges to eye care professionals and students. The intent of this study was to identify the longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among ophthalmic personnel and students. Additionally, the potential risk factors for mental health problems were investigated.

Methods
A two-phase survey among eye care professionals and students in the USA and Canada was conducted. Phase 1 was administrated from June 23 to July 8, 2020, and has been published; Phase 2 was conducted from January 21 to February 2, 2021. A total of 824 eye care professionals and students participated in Phase 2, with a response rate of 44.1%. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured and calculated.

Results
Compared with Phase 1, stress scores in Phase 2 were significantly reduced (P<0.001) although they were still higher than the pre-COVID level (P < .001). Scores for depression (P = 0.20) and anxiety (P = 0.40) showed no change, comparing Phase 2 to Phase 1. Reduction of stress scores significantly differed among occupations (P = 0.005); students had less reduction of stress than other eye care professionals (all P<0.05). Vaccination status was significantly associated with a reduction in stress scores (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
With the continuing COVID pandemic, although stress level was reduced at 7-month follow-up, the mental health of eye care professionals was still impacted. In this population, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with fewer stress symptoms. These results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic continues impacting mental health among eye care professionals, especially students. These study results warrant future interventions for eye care personnel and students to prevent or treat mental health disorders.