bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs
Authors: Harkin Kenneth R. , Roshto Yvette M. , Sullivan Jennifer T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on urine samples for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs.Design—Prospective case study.Animals—132 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of leptospirosis and 13 healthy dogs.Procedure—PCR testing was performed on urine samples to detect leptospiral DNA; results were compared with results of conventional criteria for the diagnosis of leptospirosis.Results—Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 8 dogs via established criteria; all these dogs had positive results of PCR assay, including 1 dog with positive results before seroconversion developed. A positive PCR assay result was also obtained in 16 dogs that did not have a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis. In the 8 dogs that had a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis, serovars pomona (n = 3 dogs), grippotyphosa (2), canicola (2), and bratislava (1) were identified serologically. The remaining 121 dogs all had a diagnosis other than leptospirosis or were healthy. For PCR testing on urine, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 88.3%, positive predictive value was 33%, and negative predictive value was 100%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Positive PCR test results prior to seroconversion may have value in establishing an early diagnosis. Positive results in dogs that had signs consistent with leptospirosis despite failing to meet established criteria for leptospirosis raise questions regarding the sensitivity of serologic testing in diagnosis of leptospirosis. Serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, and canicola were most common. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1224–1229)
Ultrasonographic findings in horses with right dorsal colitis: five cases (2000–2001)
Authors: Jones Samuel L. , Davis Jennifer , Rowlingson Kristin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether ultrasonography
would be useful in the diagnosis of right dorsal colitis
in horses.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—5 horses with right dorsal colitis and 15
healthy adult horses.

Procedure—Mural thickness and appearance of the
right dorsal colon were determined from ultrasonographic
images obtained at right intercostal spaces
10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.

Results—The right dorsal colon could be imaged
most consistently at the right 11th, 12th, and 13th
intercostal spaces, below the margin of the lung and
axial to the liver. Mural thickness measured from
ultrasonographic images was significantly greater in
horses with right dorsal colitis than in healthy horses.
The right dorsal colon in affected horses had a prominent
hypoechoic layer associated with submucosal
edema and inflammatory infiltrates. Successful treatment
of 1 horse with right dorsal colitis was associated
with a decrease in mural thickness coincident with
an increase in serum albumin and total protein concentrations
and weight gain. A decrease in mural
thickness was also observed in a second horse treated
for right dorsal colitis that was not associated with
healing of the right dorsal colon or an increase in
serum albumin concentration but rather thinning of a
segment of the right dorsal colon that eventually ruptured.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that ultrasonographic measurement of mural
thickness and evaluation of the appearance of the
right dorsal colon may be useful in the diagnosis of
right dorsal colitis in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:1248–1251)
Risk factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs with lymphoma receiving cyclophosphamide with or without concurrent administration of furosemide: 216 cases (1990–1996)
Authors: Charney Sarah C. , Bergman Philip J. , Hohenhaus Ann E. , McKnight Josephine A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives—To determine incidence and identify predisposing factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) in dogs with lymphoma that were treated with cyclophosphamide and to evaluate whether furosemide administered IV concurrently with cyclophosphamide decreased the incidence of SHC.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—216 dogs with lymphoma.Procedure—Medical records of dogs with lymphoma that received cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in accordance with 1 of 2 protocols, with or without concurrent IV administration of furosemide, were examined. Data for the 2 groups were analyzed to determine the incidence and predisposing factors (age, breed, sex, weight, previous or preexisting disease, previous or preexisting urinary tract infection, neutropenia, azotemia, dose, and number of cyclophosphamide treatments) for cyclophosphamide-associated SHC.Results—Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC developed in 12 of 133 (9%) dogs that had not received concurrent administration of furosemide and cyclophosphamide treatments; of the 83 dogs that had received furosemide, only 1 (1.2%) developed SHC. Dogs receiving cyclophosphamide and furosemide concurrently were significantly less likely to develop SHC than dogs that did not receive furosemide. Dogs with previous or preexisting immune-mediated disease were significantly more likely to develop cyclophosphamide-associated SHC.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of results suggested an association between IV administration of furosemide concurrently with cyclophosphamide and decreased incidence of cyclophosphamide- associated SHC. Incidence of cyclophosphamide- associated SHC was similar in treated dogs that did not receive concurrent furosemide to that observed for other studies in which cyclophosphamide was administered orally. Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC appeared to develop early during the course of chemotherapy when furosemide was not administered concurrently with cyclophosphamide. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1388–1393)
Evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine
Authors: Kleiboeker Steven B. , Lee Sang-Myeong , Jones Craig A. , Estes D. Mark 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) virus 1 (BVDV1), or BVDV 2 (BVDV2) were shed after parenteral administration of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine.Design—Prospective study.Animals—28 healthy beef calves and 4 healthy pregnant beef cows.Procedure—A commercially available modified-live virus multivalent vaccine was administered to steers and heifers (n = 18) that were seronegative to BHV1, BVDV1, and BVDV2. Four seronegative pregnant control cows were held in contact with the vaccinated calves for 103 days. Unvaccinated calves (n = 10) were held as controls in a separate double-fenced pen. Seroconversion was monitored by determining serum neutralization titers after vaccination. Viral shedding and viremia were assessed via analysis of nasal swab specimens and blood by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR assays and virus isolation.Results—A transient BVDV1 viremia was detected in most vaccinated calves 3 to 10 days after vaccination. All vaccinated calves seroconverted to BVDV1 and BVDV2. Seventeen of 18 vaccinated calves seroconverted to BHV1. Viral shedding was not detected in the vaccinated calves. All control cattle remained seronegative to BHV1, BVDV1, and BVDV2 throughout the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Shedding of BHV1, BVDV1, and BVDV2 after vaccination was either nonexistent or undetected and did not result in transmission of BHV1, BVDV1, or BVDV2 vaccine viruses to pregnant contact control cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1399–1403)
Factors associated with aggression between pairs of domestic ferrets
Authors: Staton Valerie W. , Crowell-Davis Sharon L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify factors (eg, familiarity, sex, neutering status, and time of year) associated with aggression between domestic ferrets and test a method for reducing aggression when introducing ferrets.Design—Prospective trial.Animals—56 healthy domestic ferrets.Procedure—To identify variables associated with aggression, pairs were placed in an enclosed area and observed. To test whether increasing familiarity would decrease aggression when introducing ferrets, pairs of ferrets were housed in separate cages next to each other or in separate rooms for 2 weeks prior to introduction.Results—49 of 82 pairs of strangers fought, but 31 cage mate pairs did not. Time of year had no apparent effect. Pairs consisting of 2 neutered females or 2 sexually intact males were significantly more likely to fight than were pairs consisting of a neutered female and a sexually intact male. Pairs caged next to each other for 2 weeks prior to introduction were no less likely to fight than were control pairs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that familiarity, sex, and neutering status are important determinants of aggression between ferrets. If unfamiliar neutered ferrets are introduced, then pairing 2 males or a male and female would likely result in the lowest levels of aggression. However, neutered females and sexually intact males are not indiscriminately aggressive, as a neutered female can be paired with a sexually intact male without resulting in aggression. Caging ferrets next to each other for 2 weeks does not decrease aggression when the ferrets are introduced. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1709–1712)
Complications with and owner assessment of the outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 193 cases (1997–2001)
Authors: Priddy Nelson H. , Tomlinson James L. , Dodam John R. , Hornbostel Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify complications associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs and assess owner perceptions of outcome.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—193 dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral TPLO (253 TPLOs total) between November 1997 and March 2001.Procedure—Complications associated with the surgical procedure were recorded. A questionnaire was sent to owners of all dogs to assess their perceptions of outcome.Results—Complications were identified in 47 of the 193 (24.4%) dogs and in association with 52 of the 253 (20.6%) TPLOs. Dogs that underwent bilateral TPLOs during a single anesthetic episode had a higher complication rate than did dogs that underwent unilateral TPLO and dogs that underwent bilateral TPLOs during separate anesthetic episodes. Body weight, surgery time, whether a meniscal release or meniscectomy was performed, and extent of cruciate ligament damage were not associated with whether complications occurred. One hundred forty-one of 151 (93%) owners who responded to the questionnaire were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. Assessments of outcome were not significantly different between owners of dogs that had complications and owners of dogs that did not.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that complications developed in approximately 25% of dogs undergoing TPLO for treatment of a cranial cruciate ligament injury but that most complications responded to appropriate treatment, and development of complications did not affect owner assessments of outcome. There was a higher incidence of complications when bilateral TPLOs were performed during a single anesthetic episode. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003; 222:1726–1732)
Outcome of and complications associated with prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation in dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease: 277 cases (1992–2001)
Authors: Bartels Kenneth E. , Higbee Russell G. , Bahr Robert J. , Galloway David S. , Healey Tiffany S. , Arnold Christopher 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine outcome of and complications associated with prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation in dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—277 dogs.Procedure—Medical records of dogs with a history of thoracolumbar disk disease in which the 7 intervertebral disks from T10-11 through L3-4 were ablated with a holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser inserted through percutaneously placed needles were reviewed. Complications and episodes of a recurrence of neurologic signs (eg, paresis or paralysis) were recorded. Owners were contacted by telephone for follow-up information.Results—Nine of 262 (3.4%) dogs for which followup information was available had a recurrence of paresis or paralysis. Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 85 months (mean, 15 months); signs recurred between 3 and 52 months (mean, 15.1 months) after laser disk ablation. Acute complications occurred in 5 dogs and included mild pneumothorax in 1 dog, an abscess at a needle insertion site in 1 dog, and proprioceptive deficits in 3 dogs, 1 of which required hemilaminectomy within 1 week because of progression and severity of neurologic signs. One dog developed diskospondylitis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation is associated with few complications and may reduce the risk of recurrence of signs of intervertebral disk disease in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222: 1733–1739)
Kinematic analysis of the hind limb during swimming and walking in healthy dogs and dogs with surgically corrected cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Marsolais Gregory S. , McLean Scott , Derrick Tim , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine hip, stifle, and tarsal joint ranges of motion (ROM) and angular velocities during swimming and walking in healthy dogs and dogs with surgically corrected cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture.Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—13 healthy dogs and 7 dogs with CCL rupture.Procedure—Dogs with CCL rupture were enrolled in a postoperative aquatic rehabilitation program and evaluated 21 to 35 days after surgery. Dogs were filmed while swimming in a pool and while walking at a fast (1.3 m/s) or slow (0.9 m/s) pace on a treadmill. Maximal angles of extension and flexion, ROM, and angular velocities were calculated.Results—In healthy dogs, swimming resulted in a significantly greater ROM in the hip joint than did walking, but in dogs with CCL rupture, ROM of the hip joint did not vary with swimming versus walking. For dogs in both groups, swimming resulted in significantly greater ROM of the stifle and tarsal joints than did walking, primarily because of greater joint flexion. Stifle joint ROM was significantly lower in dogs with CCL rupture than in healthy dogs, regardless of whether dogs were swimming or walking.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that following surgical management of a ruptured CCL in dogs, swimming resulted in greater ROM of the stifle and tarsal joints than did walking. This suggests that if ROM is a factor in the rate or extent of return to function in these dogs, then aquatic rehabilitation would likely result in a better overall outcome than walking alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:739–743)
Use of clomipramine, alprazolam, and behavior modification for treatment of storm phobia in dogs
Authors: Crowell-Davis Sharon L. , Seibert Lynne M. , Sung Wailani , Parthasarathy Valli , Curtis Terry M. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate use of clomipramine, alprazolam,
and behavior modification for treatment of storm
phobia in dogs.

Design—Prospective open clinical trial.

Animals—40 dogs with storm phobia.

Procedure—Dogs received clomipramine at a
dosage of 2 mg/kg (0.9 mg/lb), PO, every 12 hours for
3 months; then 1 mg/kg (0.45 mg/lb), PO, every 12
hours for 2 weeks; then 0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb), PO,
every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Alprazolam was given at
a dosage of 0.02 mg/kg (0.009 mg/lb), PO, as needed
1 hour before anticipated storms and every 4 hours as
needed. Desensitization and counter-conditioning
were conducted at home by the caregiver with an
audio simulation of storm sounds that had induced a
fear response during evaluation.

Results—30 of the 32 dogs that completed the study
had a degree of improvement, as measured by caregivers'
global assessment. Two caregivers considered
the storm phobia to be resolved. Panting, pacing, trembling,
remaining near the caregiver, hiding, excessive
salivation, destructiveness, excessive vocalization,
self-trauma, and inappropriate elimination all decreased
significantly during treatment. Improvement was
greater during true storms (rain, thunder, and lightning)
than during rain only. Response to audio simulation did
not change during treatment. Four months after the
study, improvement was maintained.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination
of clomipramine, alprazolam, and behavior modification
can be effective in decreasing or eliminating storm
phobia. Improvement could not be evaluated by use of
audio simulation of a storm. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;
222:744–748)
Prevalence of house soiling and aggression in kittens during the first year after adoption from a humane society
Authors: Wright John C. , Amoss Richard T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine frequency of house soiling, aggression toward people, and aggression toward other cats among kittens adopted from an animal shelter and whether frequency of these behaviors was associated with age at the time of neutering.Design—Survey.Animals—126 kittens adopted from a humane society at 6 to 13 weeks of age.Procedure—Owners of the kittens were contacted by telephone approximately 4, 18, and 52 weeks after kittens were adopted, and a behavioral assessment questionnaire was administered. Owners were asked to indicate whether the kitten had displayed the specific behavior in the preceding 30 days. Sixty-three kittens were neutered prior to adoption; the remaining 63 were neutered at 5 to 7 months of age, after the second behavioral assessment.Results—In the month following adoption, 64 (50.8%) kittens were reported to have at least 1 of the 3 behaviors. There was no evidence that the 3 behaviors were related. The percentage of kittens reported to urinate or defecate outside the litter box decreased from the first to second evaluation and remained low at the third evaluation. The percentage of kittens reported to show aggression toward people and the percentage reported to show aggression toward other cats decreased from the first to second evaluation, but increased again at the third evaluation. There was no significant association between age at the time of neutering and any of the 3 behaviors.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest behavior problems may be common in kittens adopted from a humane society, particularly during the first month after adoption. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1790–1795)
Elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramammary administration in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Smith Geof W. , Gehring Ronette , Riviere Jim E. , Yeatts James L. , Baynes Ronald E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in milk after intramammary administration in lactating dairy cows.Design—Prospective study.Animals—5 lactating dairy cows.Procedure—After collection of baseline milk samples, 300 mg (6 mL) of ceftiofur was infused into the left front and right rear mammary gland quarters of each cow. Approximately 12 hours later, an additional 300 mg of ceftiofur was administered into the same mammary gland quarters after milking. Milk samples were collected from each mammary gland quarter every 12 hours for 10 days. Concentrations of ceftiofur and its metabolites in each milk sample were determined to assess the rate of ceftiofur elimination.Results—Although there were considerable variations among mammary gland quarters and individual cows, ceftiofur concentrations in milk from all treated mammary gland quarters were less than the tolerance (0.1 µg/mL) set by the FDA by 168 hours (7 days) after the last intramammary administration of ceftiofur. No drug concentrations were detected in milk samples beyond this period. Ceftiofur was not detected in any milk samples from nontreated mammary gland quarters throughout the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ceftiofur administered by the intramammary route as an extralabel treatment for mastitis in dairy cows reaches concentrations in milk greater than the tolerance set by the FDA. Results indicated that milk from treated mammary gland quarters should be discarded for a minimum of 7 days after intramammary administration of ceftiofur. Elimination of ceftiofur may be correlated with milk production, and cows producing smaller volumes of milk may have prolonged withdrawal times. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1827–1830)
Topical flea and tick pesticides and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Scottish Terriers
Authors: Raghavan Malathi , Knapp Deborah W. , Dawson Marcia H. , Bonney Patty L. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether use of topical flea
and tick products increases the risk of transitional cell
carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder in Scottish
Terriers.

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—87 adult Scottish Terriers with TCC (cases)
and 83 adult Scottish Terriers with other health-related
conditions (controls).

Procedure—Owners of study dogs were recruited
through private veterinary practices and the Scottish
Terrier Club of America. History of exposure to flea
and tick products 1 year prior to diagnosis of TCC for
case dogs and during a comparable period for control
dogs was obtained through a questionnaire. Risk of
TCC associated with exposure to flea and tick products
was determined by means of univariate and multiple
logistic regression analysis.

Results—After adjustment for host factors, Scottish
Terriers treated with topical spot-on flea and tick products
containing fipronil or imidacloprid did not have an
increased risk of TCC, compared with Scottish Terriers
that had never been exposed to any flea and tick products.
The risk of TCC associated with use of older topical
flea and tick products such as shampoos, dips,
powders, sprays, and collars could not be evaluated
because of the low number of owners in the study
population that had used such products.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that use of topical spot-on flea and tick products
does not increase the risk of TCC in Scottish Terriers.
( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:389–394)
Prognostic factors for survival of dogs with inguinal and perineal mast cell tumors treated surgically with or without adjunctive treatment: 68 cases (1994–2002)
Authors: Cahalane Alane Kosanovich , Payne Sarah , Barber Lisa G. , Duda Lillian E. , Henry Carolyn J. , Mauldin Glenna E. , Frimberger Angela E. , Cotter Susan M. , Moore Antony S. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the prognostic factors for
survival and tumor recurrence in dogs with cutaneous
mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the perineal and inguinal
regions treated surgically with or without adjunctive
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—68 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records of dogs with histologically
confirmed MCTs in the perineal region, inguinal
region, or both treated surgically with or without
adjunctive radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both
were reviewed.

Results—Mean tumor-free interval was 1,635 days
(median not reached), and 1- and 2-year tumor-free
rates were 79% and 71%, respectively. Median survival
time was 1,111 days (mean, 1,223 days), and 1-
and 2-year survival rates were 79% and 61%, respectively.
Factors that negatively influenced survival time
were age at diagnosis, tumor recurrence, and treatment
with lomustine.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that dogs with MCTs in the inguinal and perineal
regions, if appropriately treated, may have survival
times and tumor-free intervals similar to dogs
with MCTs in other locations. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc
2004;225:401–408)