bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant‐derived nanovesicles offer a promising avenue for anti‐aging interventions
Authors: Meng Yiming , Sun Jing , Yu Tao , Piao Haozhe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the past few years, the study of plant‐derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) has emerged as a hot topic of discussion and research in the scientific community. This remarkable interest stems from their potential role in facilitating intercellular communication and their unique ability to deliver biologically active components, including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs, to recipient cells. This fascinating ability to act as a molecular courier has opened up an entirely new dimension in our understanding of plant biology. The field of research focusing on the potential applications of PDNVs is still in its nascent stages. However, it has already started gaining traction due to the growing interest in its possible use in various branches of biotechnology and medicine. Their unique properties and versatile applications offer promising future research and development prospects in these fields. Despite the significant progress in our understanding, many unanswered questions and mysteries surround the mechanisms by which PDNVs function and their potential applications. There is a dire need for further extensive research to elucidate these mechanisms and explore the full potential of these fascinating vesicles. As the technology at our disposal advances and our understanding of PDNVs deepens, it is beyond doubt that PDNVs will continue to be a subject of intense research in anti‐aging therapeutics. This comprehensive review is designed to delve into the fascinating and multifaceted world of PDNV‐based research, particularly focusing on how these nanovesicles can be applied to anti‐aging therapeutics.
The longitudinal relationship between levels of leisure‐time physical activity and positive and negative affect among older foreign‐born adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Lee Jungjoo , Kim Junhyoung , Woo Bomi , Pesola Arto , Tikkanen Olli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of different levels of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) participation on positive and negative affect among older foreign‐born adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsThis study used 2012 to 2020 data from the Health and Retirement Study data (n = 1206) that was analyzed using repeated measured multivariate analysis of covariance.ResultsThe high‐level participation LTPA group reported higher positive affect and lower negative affect than the mid and low‐level participation groups. The mid‐level LTPA group also reported higher positive and lower negative affect than the low‐level LTPA group.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that high levels of LTPA participation contribute to an increase in positive affect and a reduction of negative affect among older foreign‐born adults with MCI. The findings of this study will help fill the gap in research on the longitudinal relationship between levels of LTPA participation and positive and negative affect among older foreign‐born adults.
Parameter‐based transfer learning for severity classification of atopic dermatitis using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Kim Eun Bin , Baek Yoo Sang , Lee Onseok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/purposeBecause atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes structural changes, there is a growing need for noninvasive research methods to evaluate this condition. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures skin structure features by exploiting light wavelength variations in penetration depth. In this study, parameter‐based transfer learning was deployed to classify the severity of AD using HSI. Therefore, we aimed to obtain an optimal combination of classification results from the four models after constructing different source‐ and target‐domain datasets.MethodsWe designated psoriasis, skin cancer, eczema, and AD datasets as the source datasets, and the set of images acquired via hyperspectral camera as the target dataset for wavelength‐specific AD classification. We compared the severity classification performances of 96 combinations of sources, models, and targets.ResultsThe highest classification performance of 83% was achieved when ResNet50 was trained on the augmented psoriasis dataset as the source, with the resulting parameters used to train the model on the target Near‐infrared radiation (NIR) dataset. The second highest classification accuracy of 81% was achieved when ResNet50 was trained on the unaugmented psoriasis dataset as the source, with the resulting parameters used to train the model on the target R dataset. ResNet50 demonstrated potential as a generalized model for both the source and target data, also confirming that the psoriasis dataset is an effective training resource.ConclusionThe present study not only demonstrates the feasibility of the severity classification of AD based on hyperspectral images, but also showcases combinations and research scalability for domain exploration.
Extracellular Vesicles: Translational Agenda Questions for Three Protozoan Parasites
Authors: Tandoh Kwesi Z. , Ibarra‐Meneses Ana Victoria , Langlais David , Olivier Martin , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia , Fernandez‐Prada Christopher , Regev‐Rudzki Neta , Duah‐Quashie Nancy O. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe protozoan parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi continue to exert a significant toll on the disease landscape of the human population in sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America. Control measures have helped reduce the burden of their respective diseases—malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease—in endemic regions. However, the need for new drugs, innovative vaccination strategies and molecular markers of disease severity and outcomes has emerged because of developing antimicrobial drug resistance, comparatively inadequate or absent vaccines, and a lack of trustworthy markers of morbid outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely reported to play a role in the biology and pathogenicity of P. falciparum, Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi ever since they were discovered. EVs are secreted by a yet to be fully understood mechanism in protozoans into the extracellular milieu and carry a cargo of diverse molecules that reflect the originator cell's metabolic state. Although our understanding of the biogenesis and function of EVs continues to deepen, the question of how EVs in P. falciparum, Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi can serve as targets for a translational agenda into clinical and public health interventions is yet to be fully explored. Here, as a consortium of protozoan researchers, we outline a plan for future researchers and pose three questions to direct an EV's translational agenda in P. falciparum, Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi. We opine that in the long term, executing this blueprint will help bridge the current unmet needs of these medically important protozoan diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America.
Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Northern Senegal in 2022: Prevalence of the virus in livestock and ticks, associated risk factors and epidemiological implications
Authors: Ngom Déthié , Khoulé Aliou , Faye Elisabeth Thérèse , Sène Ousseynou , Diop Sokhna Maymouna , Sagne Samba Niang , Diallo Mamadou Korka , Dia Moussa , Barry Mamadou Aliou , Diaw Yoro , Bocoum Mamoudou , Ndiaye El Hadji Mamadou , Sall Yoro , Diop Boly , Faye Oumar , Faye Ousmane , Diallo Mawlouth , Simon‐Lorière Etienne , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Fall Gamou , Diallo Diawo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveCrimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe zoonotic arboviral disease that occurs widely in Eastern and Western Europe, Asia and Africa. The disease is becoming of growing public health importance in Senegal. However, analysis of tick infestation, CCHF virus (CCHFV) circulation extent and risk factors during ongoing outbreak are scarce. A thorough outbreak investigation was carried out during a CCHF outbreak in Podor (Northern Senegal) in August 2022.MethodsTicks and blood samples were collected from animals (cattle, goats and sheep) randomly selected from confirmed CCHF human cases houses, neighbourhoods and surrounding villages. Blood samples were tested for CCHFV antibodies using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Tick samples were screened for CCHFV RNA by RT‐PCR.ResultsOverall, tick infestation rate (TIR) and CCHFV seroprevalence of livestock were 52.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.54%–58.64%) and 43.28% (95% CI: 36.33%–50.44%), respectively. The TIRs were 87.7% in cattle, 57.6% in sheep and 20.0% in goats. These rates were significantly associated with location, host species and tick control (p < 0.001) but not with animal age and sex (p > 0.7). CCHFV seroprevalence was 80.4% (95% CI: 67.57%–89.77%) in cattle, 35.4% (95% CI: 25.00%–47.01%) in sheep and 21.2% (95% CI: 12.11%–33.02%) in goats. Age, sex, location, animal host and presence of ticks were significantly associated to the presence of antibodies. The 950 ticks collected included among other species, Hyalomma impeltatum (48.84%) and H. rufipes (10.21%). Five pools of Hyalomma ssp. were found CCHFV RT‐PCR positive. These infected ticks included 0.86% (4/464) of H. impeltatum collected on cattle and sheep and 1.03% (1/97) of H. rufipes collected on a sheep.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the extend of tick infestation and CCHFV infection in livestock during an outbreak in Senegal. The results highlight the risk of human infections and the importance of strengthening vector, animal and human surveillance as well as tick control measures in this area to prevent CCHF infections in humans.
Micro-Channel Cutting on Glass in Electrochemical Discharge Machining Process Using Different Electrolytes and Tool Polarity
Authors: Ali M. N. , Sarkar B. R. , Doloi B. , Bhattacharyya B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Microchannel cutting on electrically nonconducting materials with electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) process has drawn a momentous attention in manufacturing field as compared to other existing nontraditional machining processes. In the present research work, an effort has been accomplished to investigate the effects of process parameters, namely, applied voltage (V), electrolyte concentrations(wt%), pulse frequency, and duty ratio on different performance characteristics of ECDM viz., material removal rate (MRR), overcut (OC) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) area during microchannel cutting on glass. Also, the comparative performance studies during microchannel cutting have been done by using mixed electrolyte of NaOH and KOH and different tool polarities. Overcut is measured as lower (42.26 μm) when aqueous KOH electrolyte is used and as higher (133.44 μm) for aqueous NaOH electrolyte. HAZ enlarges with enrichment in concentration for both types of electrolyte. It is observed that polarity has a vital role on various machining characteristics. As compared to direct polarity, MRR is found very low (3.2 mg/h) in reverse polarity of tool. Overcut is found low in KOH electrolyte for both types of tool polarity (i.e., 64.68 μm for direct polarity and 42.27 μm for reverse polarity). The process parameters influence on the surface texture of microchannels. Microcrack is noticed for direct polarity of tool.
Numerical Modeling, Experimental Investigation, and Optimization of a Micro Hot Embossing Process
Authors: Mondal Partha Protim , Ferreira Placid Matthew , Kapoor Shiv Gopal , Bless Patrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a finite element simulation model and a self-made low-cost experimental setup for the micro hot embossing process. The simulation model incorporates stress relaxation behavior through the utilization of the generalized Maxwell model. It also considers thermal expansion and contact friction effects, enabling accurate prediction of the deformed pattern of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Simulations and experiments were performed for various pressure and temperature combinations, and the resulting pattern profile depths were found to be in good agreement, between the simulation and experimental results. In addition, the simulation model was used to generate response surfaces through face-centered central composite design (CCD) to identify the ideal combination of process parameters of the micro hot embossing process for creating a patterned SMD (surface mount device) LED chip panel.
Eulerian–Lagrangian Investigation of Erosion Wear Within a Water-Submerged Jet: Two-Way Coupling
Authors: Turki Zied , Selmi Naceur , Hamdi Fathi , Chrigui Mouldi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present study focuses on the erosion phenomenon caused by particle transport during fluid flow, specifically in complex geometries. A cylindrical geometry is used in conjunction with a conical bore known as “throat.” In-situ focus is performed to target the effects of surface roughness and the rotation of transported particles. The two-phase flow is modeled using the Euler-Lagrange approach. The near-wall turbulence model, K-ω, governs the stochastic flow. The number of particles injected in terms of “number of tries” plays a significant impact not just on the erosion rate, but also on the quality of the numerical resolution. To predict the erosion rate, a user-defined function (UDF) is used to model erosion based on the equations proposed by Mansouri, Zhang, and DNV. Several empirical parameters have been implemented. The obtained results are validated based on Mansouri's experimental work. The findings reveal severe degradation in the drilled conical shape due to the sudden increase in velocity at the inlet of the throat. The erosion rate in the throat geometry increases by 46% compared to the flat plate. The particle rotation is mainly generated by the Magnus-lift force which is caused by the shear flow and velocity gradients. The latter are predominant phenomena close to the wall, where the erosion takes place. Surface erosion decreases proportionally to surface roughness. The rotation of the particles increases the erosion rate by 12%. Combined with surface roughness, particle rotation dominates material removal.
Performance Analysis of a Compact Offset Strip Fin Heat Exchanger for Lubrication System in Aero Engine
Authors: Lang Lei , Liu Zhijie , Liu Yishu , Qin Jiang , Zhang Xiaobin , Huang Hongyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As a typical fuel-oil heat exchanger, an offset strip fin heat exchanger (OSFHX) can ensure the efficient and stable operation of the aero engine lubrication system. The paper establishes 20 kinds of numerical models of OSFHX that are verified by experiments. The effects of different structural parameters on the performance of lubricating oil in OSFHX were systematically studied. Based on dimensional analysis, the prediction model which can describe the overall performance of the OSFHX is obtained. The results show that with the decrease of fin distance (s), fin length (l), fin height (h), fin thickness (t), and fin shape angle (α), the heat transfer performance of the OSFHX is enhanced and the resistance is increased. With the decrease of s and h, and the increase of t and α, the comprehensive performance of the OSFHX is enhanced. The OSFHX exhibits the optimal performance when l = 4 mm. α has the most significant effect on the comprehensive performance of the OSFHX, successively followed by h, s, t, and l. The average error of Colburn factor (j) and friction factor (f) prediction models is 4.09% and 5.31%, respectively, which can realize the theoretical calculation of the performance of the OSFHX for aviation.
Inactivation of the ribosome assembly factor RimP causes streptomycin resistance and impairs motility in
Salmonella
Authors: Lyu Zhihui , Ling Yunyi , van Hoof Ambro , Ling Jiqiang 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The ribosome is the central hub for protein synthesis and the target of many antibiotics. Although the majority of ribosome-targeting antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis and are bacteriostatic, aminoglycosides promote protein mistranslation and are bactericidal. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of bacteria against aminoglycosides is not only vital for improving the efficacy of this critically important group of antibiotics but also crucial for studying the molecular basis of translational fidelity. In this work, we analyzed
Salmonella
mutants evolved in the presence of the aminoglycoside streptomycin (Str) and identified a novel gene
rimP
to be involved in Str resistance. RimP is a ribosome assembly factor critical for the maturation of the 30S small subunit that binds Str. Deficiency in RimP increases resistance against Str and facilitates the development of even higher resistance. Deleting
rimP
decreases mistranslation and cellular uptake of Str and further impairs flagellar motility. Our work thus highlights a previously unknown mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance via defective ribosome assembly.
Employment of mastoparan-like peptides to prevent
Staphylococcus aureus
associated with bovine mastitis
Authors: Orozco Raquel M. Q. , Oshiro Karen G. N. , Pinto Ingrid B. , Buccini Danieli F. , Almeida Claudiane V. , Marin Valentina Nieto , de Souza Camila Maurmann , Macedo Maria L. R. , Cardoso Marlon H. , Franco Octávio L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Bovine mastitis is a frequent infection in lactating cattle, causing great economic losses.
Staphylococcus aureus
represents the main etiological agent, which causes recurrent and persistent intramammary infections because conventional antibiotics are ineffective against it. Mastoparan-like peptides are multifunctional molecules with broad antimicrobial potential, constituting an attractive alternative. Nevertheless, their toxicity to host cells has hindered their therapeutic application. Previously, our group engineered three mastoparan-L analogs, namely mastoparan-MO, mastoparan-R1, and [I
5
, R
8
] MP, to improve cell selectivity and potential. Here, we were interested in comparing the antibacterial efficacy of mastoparan-L and its analogs against bovine mastitis isolates of
S. aureus
strains, making a correlation with the physicochemical properties and structural arrangement changes promoted by the sequence modifications. As a result, the analog’s hemolytic and/or antimicrobial activity was balanced. All the peptides displayed α-helical folding in hydrophobic and membrane-mimetic environments, as determined by circular dichroism. The peptide [I
5
, R
8
] MP stood out for its enhanced selectivity and antibacterial features related to mastoparan-L and the other derivatives. Biophysical approaches revealed that [I
5
, R
8
] MP rapidly depolarizes the bacterial membrane of
S. aureus
, causing cell death by subsequent membrane disruption. Our results demonstrated that the [I
5
, R
8
] MP peptide could be a starting point for the development of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of bovine mastitis, with the advantage of no residue in milk, which would help reduce the use of classical antibiotics.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
is a leading cause of mastitis, the world’s most important dairy cattle disease. The multidrug resistance and zoonotic potential of
S. aureus
, besides the likelihood of antibiotic residues in milk, are of critical concern to public and animal health. Antimicrobial peptides offer a novel antimicrobial strategy. Here, we demonstrate that [I
5
, R
8
] MP is a potent and selective peptide, which acts on
S. aureus
by targeting the bacterial membrane. Therefore, understanding the physicochemical determinants and the modes of action of this class of antimicrobials opens novel prospects for peptide development with enhanced activities in the bovine mastitis context.
Management of hepatorenal syndrome and associated outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Roozbeh Jamshid , Ezzatzadegan Jahromi Shahrokh , Rezazadeh Mohamad Hossein , Hamidianjahromi Anahid , Malekmakan Leila 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundHepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a multiorgan condition of acute kidney injury, is seen in advanced liver disease. This study aims to evaluate the current treatment for HRS.MethodsThe authors searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar literature. After quality assessment, 31 studies were included in this review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology and the population, intervention, comparison and outcome scheme were used. We included human-controlled trials that evaluate the current treatment for HRS. Two authors independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies.ResultsThis study investigated the studies conducted on the effects of different treatments on follow-up of HRS patients. We gathered 440 articles, so 31 articles remained in our study. Of which 24 articles were conducted on terlipressin versus placebo or other treatments (midodrine/octreotide, norepinephrine, etc) that showed the higher rate of HRS reversal was detected for terlipressin in 17 studies (10 of them were significant), 2 studies achieved an insignificant lower rate of the model for end-stage liver disease score for terlipressin, 15 studies showed a decreased mortality rate in the terlipressin group (4 of them were significant).ConclusionThis review showed that terlipressin has a significantly higher reversal rate of HRS than the other treatments. Even the results showed that terlipressin is more efficient than midodrine/octreotide and norepinephrine as a previous medication, in reverse HRS, increasing patient survival.
Trends and determinants of clinical staff retention in the English NHS: a double retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moscelli Giuseppe , Nicodemo Catia , Sayli Melisa , Mello Marco 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate how demographic, contractual and organisational factors are related to the retention of hospital workers in the English NHS. The study will specifically examine the trends in age-retention profiles.DesignA double retrospective cross-cohort study using administrative data on senior and specialty doctors, nurses and midwives who were included in the 2009 and 2014 payrolls of all English NHS hospital Trusts. These individuals were tracked over time until 2019 to examine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the retention of hospital workers in each cohort. Logistic regressions were estimated at the individual worker level to analyse the data. Additionally, a multilevel panel regression was performed using linked payroll-survey data to investigate the association between hospital organisation characteristics and the retention of clinical staff.SettingSecondary acute and mental healthcare NHS hospital Trusts in England.Participants70 777 senior doctors (specialty and specialist doctors and hospital consultants) aged 30–70, and a total of 448 568 between nurses and midwives of any grade aged 20–70, employed by English NHS Trusts.Primary outcome measuresEmployee retention, measured through binary indicators for stayers and NHS leavers, at 1-year and 5-year horizons.ResultsMinority doctors had lower 1-year retention rates in acute care than white doctors, while minority nurses and midwives saw higher retention. Part-time roles decreased retention for doctors but improved it for nurses. Fixed-term contracts negatively impacted both groups’ retention. Trends diverged for nurses and doctors from 2009 to 2014—nurses’ retention declined while doctors’ 5-year retention slightly rose. Engagement boosted retention among clinical staff under 51 years of age in acute care. For nurses over 50, addressing their feedback was positively associated with retention.ConclusionsDemographic and contractual factors appear to be stronger predictors of hospital staff retention than organisational characteristics.