bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1H and 13C NMR assignments of eight nitrogen containing compounds from Nocardia alba sp.nov (YIM 30243T)
Authors: Ding Zhang‐Gui , Zhao Jiang‐Yuan , Yang Pei‐Wen , Li Ming‐Gang , Huang Rong , Cui Xiao‐Long , Wen Meng‐Liang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn unprecedented new natural product named nocarsin A (1), 5H‐4a,6,7a‐triazacyclopenta[cd]indene‐5,7(6H)‐dione (1), together with seven known compounds lumichrome (2), cyclo (L‐Leu‐L‐Tyr) (3), cyclo (L‐Ala‐L‐Ile) (4), cyclo (L‐Ala‐L‐Leu) (5), cyclo (L‐Val‐L‐Ala) (6), 5‐methyluracil (7) and uracil (8), was isolated from Nocardia alba sp.nov (YIM 30243T), which was isolated from a soil sample collected from Yunnan Province, P. R. China. NMR techniques including COSY, HSQC, ROESY, and HMBC were used to elucidate the structures of these compounds. We report the unambiguous assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the new compound nocarsin A (1). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductivity studies and performance of chitosan based polymer electrolytes in H2/air fuel cell
Authors: Majid S. R. , Arof A. K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFour chitosan‐based electrolyte systems chitosan–H3PO4, chitosan–H3PO4–Al2SiO5, chitosan–H3PO4–NH4NO3 and chitosan–H3PO4–NH4NO3–Al2SiO5 were studied. The highest conducting sample at room temperature in each system have compositions of (in weight fraction) 0.62chitosan–0.38H3PO4, 0.615chitosan–0.377H3PO4–0.008Al2SiO5, 0.56chitosan–0.34H3PO4–0.10 NH4NO3, 0.5572chitosan–0.3383H3PO4–0.0995NH4NO3–0.005Al2SiO5. The conductivity for the samples is (5.36 ± 1.32) × 10−5 S cm−1, (1.12 ± 0.18) × 10−4 S cm−1, (1.16 ± 0.35) × 10−4 S cm−1, and (1.82 ± 0.10) × 10−4 S cm−1, respectively. The open‐circuit voltage of the fuel cells utilizing electrolytes with conductivity of the order 10−4 S cm−1 is ∼0.9 V and the current density is greater than 20 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Results show that the conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane influences the current density and performance of the fuel cell. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental genes and cancer in children
Authors: Moore Sam W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChildhood tumours are associated with congenital abnormalities suggesting that disruption of normal developmental processes may be linked with oncogenesis. Genetic and environmental exposures may combine to disrupt critical epigenetic processes during development, thus affecting gene‐related signalling pathways and cellular function. This review examines the role of critical genes and processes regulating development such as the polycomb family and sonic hedgehog (SHH) as well as the Wnt signalling pathways and epigenetic variations (Snf5), methylation and loss of heterozygosity in controlling homeotic gene transcription and intracellular chromatin structure. The developmental and perinatal periods appears important as a window of opportunity for cancer research. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:755–760. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the time‐point of relapse influence outcome in pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas?
Authors: Mattke Adrian C. , Bailey Emily J. , Schuck Andreas , Dantonello Tobias , Leuschner Ivo , Klingebiel Thomas , Treuner Joern , Koscielniak Ewa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundChildhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a soft tissue malignant tumor of skeletal muscle origin, accounts for approximately 3.5% of the cases of cancer among children 0–14 years and 2% of the cases among adolescents and young adults 15–19 years of age.ProcedureWe evaluated survival (SUR) after first relapse depending on the time to relapse (TTR) in RMSs of childhood and adolescence. Early, intermediate, and late relapsing patients were evaluated for prognostic risk factors.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐four patients with RMS enrolled in the German sarcoma trial CWS‐81, CWS‐86, CWS‐91, and CWS‐96 met selection criteria. Of the 234 patients, 35%, 32%, and 33% relapsed within 6 (early), 6–12 (intermediate), and more than 12 (late) months respectively after the end of primary therapy. Four‐year SUR was 12%, 21%, and 41% for early, intermediate, and late relapse respectively (P < 0.001). Four‐year SUR after local relapse was 18% (early), 38% (intermediate), and 49% (late). Embryonal RMS showed four year SUR of 16%, 30%, and 46% (P < 0.001) whereas alveolar histology showed four year SUR of 8%, 6%, and 23% (P < 0.01) for early, intermediate, and late relapse respectively.ConclusionTTR has significant influence on prognosis in relapsed RMS. It influences SUR independent of other features such as type of relapse, histology, tumor site, primary treatment time or irradiation in primary treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:772–776. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal rhabdomyoma of the lower extremity
Authors: Premalata Chennagiri S. , Kumar Rekha V. , Saleem Kuniyil M. , Fathima Latha J. , Das Kanishka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report a rare case of cellular fetal rhabdomyoma in a 9‐year‐old male, in the unusual location of right lower thigh. These tumors are more common in the head and neck region; and this case the second such case to be reported in the thigh. Fetal rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of the skeletal muscle, showing varying degrees of skeletal muscle maturation. The present report discusses the histopathological features, the differential diagnosis and the importance of making the correct diagnosis for proper management of this rare entity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:881–883. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controversies in the diagnosis and management of childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Segel George B. , Feig Stephen A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAcute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) occurs most commonly in young children who present with severe isolated thrombocytopenia and purpura. A marrow examination is not required unless glucocorticoids are used, lest treatment mask incipient acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but controversy exists here. The recommendations for evaluation and management remain controversial, since prospective controlled trials have not been done. There is some consensus based on experience and empiric data. Almost all children with acute ITP will recover completely without therapy. Although the various treatments may increase the platelet count, they do not influence the outcome of the illness, may increase cost, and cause significant side effects. Therefore, careful observation may be the best management option for the patient with ITP, in the absence of severe bleeding. The data available relevant to these issues are discussed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:318–324. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of PS/mica and PMMA/mica nanocomposites by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Cheng Hsiu Yu , Jiang George J. , Hung Jui‐Yi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPolymer/mica nanocomposites of styrene or methyl methacrylate have been prepared by emulsion polymerization. For the polymer/mica nanocomposites, the mica was dispersed individually in water, and we found that they were adsorbed on the surface of monomer droplets. Polymer/mica nanocomposites were obtained by adding an aqueous dispersion of layered silicate into the polymer emulsion. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the structures of the nanocomposites. The degree of dispersion of these nanocomposites were investigated by using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/mica nanocomposites were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The increased tan δ of the obtained nanocomposites is ascribed to the fine dispersion of mica particles into the polymer matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Determination of polymeric medium flow rate in extruders based on a new correlation
Authors: Berdyshev B.V. , Borisov A.A. , Hosseini H. , Mehrabani‐Zeinabad A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOne of the most widespread practical methods of polymer processing is the extrusion method that is based on pressing a polymeric melt through channels of the molding tool which have different geometrical cross‐sections. The basic performance of extrusion is based on the pressure and flow performance which sets functional correlation between volumetric flow rate of a polymer medium, pressed through a molding tool, and created pressure drop. Arguments of this correlation are the rheological parameters of polymer and the geometrical characteristics of the channel in which the polymeric melt flows. In this article, a viscoelastic model with a corrected strain energy function is implemented. The comparison of revealed theoretical expression in this article with the experimental data for flow of polymeric melts in cylindrical channels with various cross‐sections demonstrates a good convergence over a wide range of pressure gradient. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/montmorillonite nanocomposite
Authors: Yu Wenxue , Zhao Zhudi , Zheng Weitao , Long Beihong , Jiang Qing , Li Guangwei , Ji Xuewen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/montmorillonite (PVDF/MMT) nanocomposite was investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarizing optical microscope (POM), and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that the crystallization behavior of PVDF was changed by adding MMT in PVDF matrix. The MMT layers in PVDF acted as effective nucleation agents. It is observed that the crystallization temperature of PVDF/MMT nanocomposite was higher than that of PVDF at various cooling rates. The value of half‐time of crystallization showed that the crystallization rate of PVDF/MMT nanocomposite was faster than that of PVDF at a given cooling rate. The addition of MMT hindered the growth of spherulite. Nonisothermal crystallization data was analyzed using Avrami, Ozawa, and Jeziorny method. The Jeziorny method successfully described the nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of PVDF/MMT nanocomposite. The MMT loading was favorable to produce the piezoelectric β phase in the PVDF matrix. The α phase coexisted with the β phase in the PVDF/MMT nanocomposite. For this polymorphic structure, a possible explanation was proposed based on the variable temperature X‐ray diffraction, DSC, and POM experiments. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Correlation of modified natural rubber properties by artificial neural networks
Authors: Giordani D.S. , Oliveira P.C. , Guimarães A. , Guimarães R.C.O. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNatural rubber (NR) is a raw material largely used by the modern industry; however, it is common that chemical modifications must be made to NR in order to improve properties such as hydrophobicity or mechanical resistance. This work deals with the correlation of properties of NR modified with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate or methylmethacrylate as grafting agents. Dynamic‐mechanical behavior and stress/strain relations are very important properties because they furnish essential characteristics of the material such as glass transition temperature and rupture point. These properties are concerned with different physical principles; for this reason, normally they are not related to each other. This work showed that they can be correlated by artificial neural networks (ANN). So, from one type of assay, the properties that as a rule only could be obtained from the other can be extracted by ANN correlation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental study on multiaxial ratcheting behavior of vulcanized natural rubber
Authors: Wang Yanping , Chen Xu , Yu Weiwei , Yan Lei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMultiaxial ratcheting characteristics of vulcanized natural rubber (NR) at room temperature were studied experimentally. The effects of axial stress, shear strain amplitude, shear strain rate, and their histories on ratcheting behavior were discussed. It is shown that the ratcheting strain depends on the axial stress and cyclic strain range. The ratcheting strain increases more rapidly as the constant axial stress or shear strain amplitude become larger. The ratcheting behaviors of the rubber exhibit nonsensitivity to the applied cyclic stress rate except initial axial strain. Furthermore, the loading histories also play an important role in progress of ratcheting. The prior cycles with higher axial stress, larger strain range or lower strain rate greatly restrains ratcheting strain of subsequent cycling with lower ones. Influence of creep on ratcheting behavior can not be neglected and its value reaches 87% of ratcheting strain. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Axial‐feed thermoforming of oriented polypropylene tubes
Authors: Elnagmi Mohamed , Bruhis Moisei , Jain Mukesh 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effect of newly developed axial feed thermoforming process (AFTF) on mechanical properties and morphology were investigated to gain a better understanding of structure–properties–process relationship. The starting material for AFTF is an oriented polypropylene tube (OPP) produced in uniaxial direction by using solid state extrusion process. Morphological changes from solid‐state extrusion are briefly reported. A die‐less bulge testing system was designed to bulge OPP tube at a high temperature in biaxial direction. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and optical microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the extruded and bulged samples of OPP. In addition, tensile tests were carried out at room temperature of samples machined from the extruded and bulged tubes along the axial and hoop directions. The results show that tensile strength increases with draw ratio in extruded samples as well as improvements in ductility were obtained in die‐less bulge tests with an increase in axial feed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Finite element modeling of polymer hot embossing using a glass‐rubber finite strain constitutive model
Authors: Dupaix Rebecca B. , Cash William 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA hyperelastic–viscoplastic constitutive model for amorphous polymers was used in finite element simulations of micro‐hot embossing across the glass transition. The model was selected for its ability to capture finite strain temperature and rate dependence over a wide range of temperatures, including across the glass transition. The simulations focused on the glass transition temperature regime, and particularly probed the effects of time and temperature during cooling and mold release. The results show that strong temperature sensitivity of the material across the glass transition leads to a wide range of required embossing force and springback. The interplay between changes in material properties upon cooling and stress relaxation can lead to significant increases in embossing force during the cooling stage, especially when high cooling rates are employed. The effects of thermal expansion also complicate the problem during rapid cooling. Nonlinear material behavior is shown to affect results in parametric hot embossing studies. Careful tailoring of embossing temperature, cooling rate, and demolding temperature is critical in acceptable feature replication. The best results are found for moderate cooling rates, which allow adequate time for stress relaxation in the material prior to mold release. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Group counseling in the schools
Authors: Pérusse Rachelle , Goodnough Gary E. , Lee Vivian V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGroup counseling is an effective intervention when working in a school setting. In this article, the authors discuss the different kinds of groups offered in schools, types of group interventions, strategies to use in forming groups, and how to collaborate with others in the school. Because leading groups in schools is a specialized skill, the authors suggest that group leaders form collaborative relationships with others in the school, allot sufficient time for group counseling, advocate to change policies that might preclude groups in schools, and work with students and teachers to honor the time allotment dedicated to group counseling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Promoting cultural competence in counseling Asian American children and adolescents
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Siu Candice R. , Xin Tao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAsian Americans are commonly perceived as the diligent and high‐achieving “model minority.” This positive stereotype has negative consequences for this ethnic minority group because it trivializes their social and mental health problems. This image of success has made many overlook the true nature of the struggles many Asian American families have to face in the United States. Scientific literature suggests that Asian American children experience major adjustment problems in school including loneliness, isolation, withdrawal, rejection, anxiety, low self‐esteem, and interpersonal distress. Cultural barriers exist between the Asian and the dominant society and influence Asian Americans' cognitive appraisal and coping choices when personal and emotional problems arise. These barriers also prevent clinicians from identifying and subsequently providing effective mental health services for Asian American children and their families. In this article, the authors examine the Asian cultural conceptions of mental health and various cultural barriers in an attempt to promote cultural understanding and competence among clinicians working with Asian American children and their families. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research directions are provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of a meaning‐centered intervention on job satisfaction and on quality of life among palliative care nurses
Authors: Fillion Lise , Duval Stéphane , Dumont Serge , Gagnon Pierre , Tremblay Isabelle , Bairati Isabelle , Breitbart William S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective: Palliative care (PC) nurses experience several recurrent organizational, professional, and individual challenges. To address existential and emotional demands, the meaning‐centered intervention was recently developed. The intervention applied didactic and process‐oriented strategies, including guided reflections, experiential exercises, and education based on themes of Viktor Frankl's logotherapy. The objective of this study was to test its efficiency to improve job satisfaction and quality of life in PC nurses from three regional districts in Quebec Province, Canada.Methods: A randomized waiting‐list group design was conducted, intervention group (n=56) versus waiting‐list group (n=53). Job satisfaction, perception of benefits of working in PC, and spiritual and emotional quality of life were measured at pre‐, posttest, and 3‐month follow‐up.Results: The PC nurses in the experimental group reported more perceived benefits of working in PC after the intervention and at follow‐up. Spiritual and emotional quality of life remained, however, unaffected by the intervention.Conclusions: To explain null findings, theoretical and methodological challenges, related to existential interventions, such as choice of outcomes, and selection bias (participants recruited were healthy workers) are discussed. Future directions and strategies to deal with those issues are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pesticide use in ornamental production: what are the benefits?
Authors: Bethke James A , Cloyd Raymond A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPest control in ornamental production is challenging owing to the diversity of crops grown, the desired aesthetic perfection, the potential economic loss due to failure and the multitude of arthropod pests encountered. Agricultural crops of less value per acre, such as row crops, can tolerate a certain level of damage from arthropod pests without compromising yields. Damage thresholds for ornamentals, however, are essentially zero. Pesticides are a viable method of protection for such a crop in lieu of alternatives. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of pesticides to the ornamental industry. Pesticides provide many benefits to ornamental producers, including: (1) consistent availability; (2) rapid kill; (3) reliable and consistent control; (4) increased crop production and quality; (5) they may be used to prevent movement of invasive pests; (6) they are less expensive (in general) than alternatives; (7) they may reduce plant pathogenic transmission; (8) they may be used in conjunction with natural enemies. Pesticide use will continue to be a significant strategy for dealing with arthropod pests so that ornamental producers can stay competitive in both national and international markets. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance of Pakistani field populations of spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to pyrethroid, organophosphorus and new chemical insecticides
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Iqbal Arif M 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Fab.) is a serious pest of cotton and okra in Pakistan. Owing to persistent use of insecticides, this pest has developed resistance, especially to pyrethroids. The present studies aimed at determining the extent of resistance to pyrethroid, organophosphorus and new chemical insecticides in Pakistani populations of E. vittella.RESULTS: Field populations of E. vittella were monitored at Multan, Pakistan, from 1999 to 2007 for their resistance against six pyrethroid, four organophosphorus and six new chemical insecticides using a leaf‐dip bioassay. Of the pyrethroids, resistance was generally low to zeta‐cypermethrin and moderate to high or very high to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, bifenthrin and lambda‐cyhalothrin. Resistance to organophosphates chlorpyrifos, profenofos, triazophos and phoxim was recorded at very low to low levels. Among new chemicals, E. vittella had no or a very low resistance to spinosad, emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide, a very low to low resistance to abamectin, a very low to moderate resistance to indoxacarb and a moderate resistance to chlorfenapyr.CONCLUSION: The results indicate a lack of cross‐resistance between pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides in E. vittella. Rotation of insecticides showing no, very low or low resistance, but belonging to different insecticide classes with unrelated modes of action, may prevent or mitigate insecticide resistance in E. vittella. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry