bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Cooking Mechanism of Wood. XVII. Further Investigations on the Conductometric Titrations of Lignin Models with Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups and a Brief Theory of the Conductometric Titration of Phenols
Authors: Mikawa Hiroshi , Sato Koichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Conductometric titrations of the model compounds IV, V, VI and VII provided reconfirmation of the previously reported findings that simple guaiacol-type phenolic hydroxyl group I was conductometrically titratable, while non-guaiacyl phenolic hydroxyl group belonging to type II was conductometrically untitratable.
2. It was thus further confirmed, that the separate estimation of both type-I and -II phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignosulfonic acid by the method of conductometric titration is possible in combination with the ultraviolet absorption spectra taken simultaneously with the conductometric titration without any dilution of the solution.
3. As we have now considerable accumulation of facts supporting the existence of o,o′-diphenol type phenolic hydroxyl group in lignin, three water-soluble model compounds VIII, IX and X were titrated conductometrically. Phenolic hydroxyl groups of IX and X were found to be conductometrically titratable. Of the two phenolic hydroxyl groups of the model compound VIII only one was found to be titratable.
4. A brief theoretical consideration of the conductometric titration of extremely weak acid (phenol) having pK values larger than 9 were made. As is evident from Fig. 12, which shows theoretical conductometric titration curves of phenols having pK values 9∼12, one can calculate the equivalence-point in so far as the pK values of the phenols are smaller than 10; it is, however, impossible to find the equivalence-point when pK values are larger than 10. As the calculated titration curve for pK 12 is nearly linear, it is expected that the pK value of phenolic hydroxyl group of type II is 12 or larger.
Stability of Cobalt (III) and Chromium (III) Ammine Complexes in a Strongly Alkaline Solution
Authors: Yoneda Hayami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of decomposition of the cobalt (III) and chromium (III) hexammine and monoaquopentammine complexes in an alkaline solution was measured. The activation energies of the decomposition were found to be 36, 32, 31 and 31 Kcal/ mole for [Co(NH3)6]3+, [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+, [Cr(NH3)6]3+ and [Cr(NH3)5H2O]3+ respectively. At the same time the infrared absorption spectra of these complexes were also measured. The frequencies of the rocking vibration of the coordinated ammonia were found to be 815, 853, 744 and 747 cm−1 for [Co(NH3)6]3+, [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+, [Cr(NH3)6]3+ and [Cr(NH3)5H2O]3+ respectively. From these results it was concluded that the decomposition of the cobalt (III) ammine complex was not a mere replacement of the coordinated ammonia by hydroxyl ion, but a reaction through the proton dissociation step as exemplified in the following scheme
[Co(NH_3)_6]^3++OH^-→[Co(NH_3)_5NH_2]^2++H_2O,
while, in the chromium (III) ammine complex, the decomposition was inferred to proceed through a substitution of hydroxyl ion for the coordnated ammonia.
The Separation of Tellurite, Selenite and Sulfite Ions by Anion-Exchange Resins
Authors: Iguchi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The distribution coefficients of tellurite, selenite and sulfite in neutral nitrate solution and alkaline hydroxide solution were measured and the results suggest the presence of an acid salt ion HXO3− in neutral solution.
2. By the addition of ammonia to the eluant solution, the distribution coefficient of these salts in nitrate solution was increased, but in hydroxide solution it was decreased.
3. By the addition of ethanol to the eluant solution containing nitrate and ammonia, the distribution coefficient of sulfite increased, but that of tellurite and selenite remained constant even up to 75%. On the contrary, in the addition of ethanol to the hydroxide solution, the distribution coefficient of sulfite decreased, while that of tellurite and selenite increased at first and then decreased.
4. By using these results a complete separation of tellurite, selenite and sulfite was accomplished by the anion exchange chromatographic method using an alkaline eluant.
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Metallic Complexes. II. Cyanide Complexes
Authors: Kida Sigeo , Fujita Junnosuke , Nakamoto Kazuo , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The energy levels of the cyanide complexes–hexacyano chromium (III)
[Cr(CN)6]3−, hexacyno cobalt (III)
[Co(CN)6]3−, tetracyano nickel(II)
[Ni(CN)4]2−, and tetracyano copper (I) [Cu(CN)4]3 ions have been calculated by the semi-emprical M.O. method taking π-orbitals of the ligands into consideration. The ionization potentials used have been determined so that the calculated charge distribution does not contradict that obtained from Pauling’s neutrality principle. The stability and the magnetic property of these complexes have been well interpreted by our calculation. The results have revealed that the first and the second bands of hexacyano chromium (III) [Co(CN)6]3− and hexacyano cobalt (III) [Co(CN)6]3− are attributable to f′2g→ e′g transitions which are of the similar character to the first and the second bands of hexammine cobalt (III) [Co(NH3)6]3+, although the ground level, f′2g combines strongly with the π-orbitals of the ligands. In tetracyano nickel(II) [Ni(CN)4]2−, the “second band” is hidden by the allowed transition. For tetracyano copper (I) [Cu(CN)4]3−, there is no band corresponding to “the first and the second band”.
The Ignition of Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture by Shock Wave. I. The Condition for Shock Ignition for Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture
Authors: Suzuki Momotaro , Miyama Hajime , Fujimoto Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Using the shock tube, the authors measured the minimum ignition pressure P1 of the reservoir for the hydrogen-oxygen mixture of various pressures (P0) and various compositions, and obtained the following results.
1) The higher the value of P0, the easier the ignition.
2) The concentration range of hydrogen in the gaseous mixture for shock ignition is 4∼94%, and the minimum value of P1⁄P0 was found in the gaseous mixture of about 40∼50% hydrogen, when P0 is over 200 mmHg.
3) The ignition is easier by the use of a shock tube with a conical end rather than that with a plane end.
Surface Films of Physically and Chemically Treated Ovalbumin (Dynamic Studies on Monolayer. II)
Authors: Kashiwagi Maresuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Monolayer properties of acid, alkali and heat-treated ovalbumin are investigated from the measurements of surface pressure changes with time and surface pressurearea diagrams.
These treated specimens are found to be characteristically different from the untreated native protein in their surface behavior. The process of surface denaturation is also discussed.
Phase Relationship in the System 3CaO·P2O5–MgO·2SiO2–SiO2
Authors: Sata ToshiyuKi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase relationship in the system 3CaO·P2O5–CaO·MgO·2SiO2–SiO2 was investigated by the usual quenching method. The two partial systems 3CaO·P2O5–SiO2 and CaO·MgO·2SiO2–SiO2 have already been reported by previous investigators. Another partial system 3CaO·P2O5–CaO·MgO·2SiO2 seems to be approximately binary, whose eutectic is located at 39% of 3CaO·P2O5 and 61% of CaO·MgO·2SiO2, and at 1311±4°C. In the region rich in 3CaO·P2O5, it was observed that the crystallization velocity of diopside is rather slow under the solidus temperature, that the transition temperature of tricalcium phosphate is considerably increased with diopside content, and that β-tricalicium phosphate apparently makes solid solution with diopside (19 wt.%).
The system 3CaO·P2O5–CaO·MgO·2SiO2–SiO2 is of a perfect ternary one, whose eutectic is at 36% of 3CaO·P2O5, 59% of CaO·MgO·2SiO2 and 5% of SiO2, and at 1277±3°C. Its isotherms of the liquidus surface were approximately represented.
Kinetics of the Acid-Catalyzed Peroxide Oxidation of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde in Acetic Acid
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Tabushi Iwao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The sulfuric acid-catalyzed oxidations of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acetic acid were kinetically investigated at 15° and 20° by iodometric estimation of the peroxides. The rates of peroxide consumption were found to be proportional to the product of the concentrations of hydroxybenzaldehyde and peroxide, when the aldehyde was added after the equilibrium between hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid was attained. The rate constant is a linear function of Hammett acidity function h0.
Hydrogen peroxide itself reacts slowly with the aldehyde, but it reacts more easily through the formation of peracetic acid. A mechanism involving a ratedetermining attack of protonated and free peracetic acid was postulated and discussed.
The Kinetic Study of Surface-chemical Reactions at Extremely Low Pressures. IV. The Thermal Reaction between Water Vapor and a Tungsten Filament. Part IV
Authors: Hamamura Takuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Reaction product vaporizes from the filament as tungsten trioxide and its colorless deposit is reduced with hydrogen liberated by the reaction. Consequently, the blue deposit having the mean apparent composition of WO2.80 can be obtained.
2) The WO3 deposit is reduced readily with atomic hydrogen down to WO2.80, but the reduction rate becomes appreciably slower at the lower oxidation state.
3) Oxygen is not contained in hydrogen. This suggests that WO3 is not formed by a reaction of tungsten with gaseous oxygen liberated by thermal decomposition of water vapor, but is formed directly by a reaction of tungsten with water vapor.
Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by Phenylazo p-Tolyl Sulfone
Authors: Uehara Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of phenylazo p-tolyl sulfone upon the polymerization of methyl methacrylate were examined. In the solutionpolymerization in benzene, the initial rate of polymerization was linearly dependent respectively upon the square root of the concentration of phenylazo p-tolyl sulfone and upon the concentration of methyl methacrylate. A unimolecular first order decomposition of phenylazo p-tolyl sulfone is suggeted as the initiating reaction of the polymerization. Dimethylaniline acted as an accelerator for this polymerization. In this case, the initial rate of polymerization was linearly proportional to the square root of each of the concentrations of phenylazo p-tolyl sulfone and dimethylaniline. A bimolecular reaction between phenylazo p-tolyl sulfone and dimethylaniline has been proposed for the acceleration of the polymerization.
π-Electronic Structures of o-Quinones
Authors: Kuboyama Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electronic structures of o-benzoquinone, β-naphthoquinone and phenanthrenequinone were studied with the simple MO method, using the same integral values as those adopted in the self-consistent MO calculation for o-benzoquinone. As for charge distributions, the negative charges of oxygen atoms slightly increase in the order of o-benzoquinone, β-naphtho-quinone, and phenanthrenequinone. The calculated dipole moments (6.6, 9.5 and 8.4 D for o-benzoquinone, β-naphtho-quinone and phenanthrenequinone, respectively) seem a little greater than the experimental values. As for bond orders, reasonable results were obtained. The calculated results predict the existence of a doublet with a large splitting constant (ca. 4.5 gauss) in the hfs of the electron paramagnetic resonance absorption of β-naphtho-semiquinone ion. Three problems concerning the near UV absorption bands [1) the similarity among the π–π transition bands of the three o-quinones, 2) the relative magnitude of the n–π transition energy of o-benzoquinone, β-naphtho-quinone, and phenanthrenequinone, 3) the effect of the electron-donating group on the π–π transition bands of o-benzoqui-none and β-naphthoquinone] can be clearly explained by the calculated results, as in the cases of the p-quinones.
Photochemical Reactions between Methylene Blue and Tri-, Di- and Monomethylamine. III. The Behavior of Methylene Blue in the Presence of Oxygen
Authors: Obata Hiroshi , Kogasaka Kenichi , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In connection with the reversible photo-reduction of methylene blue in vacuo published already, the rate of the consumption of oxygen in the irradiated solution of methylene blue containing three kinds of amine was measured. In addition, the irreversible photoöxidation of the aqueous methylene blue solution was studied, particular attention being paid to the effect of oxygen pressure and pH on the rate. The following conclusions were drawn from the above two series of experiments.
1) In the irradiated aqueous solution of methylene blue containing trimethyl-amine, oxygen does not affect the T state of dye and attacks only the leuco form, reproducing the dye molecule. Oxygen reacts almost instantaneously with the leucodye as soon as the former is produced.
2) In the aqueous solution of methylene blue (with no amine added) the reactivity of T state against oxygen is about one order less than that of eosine in the analogous condition. The deactivation of T state by oxygen in case of methylene blue is about 10−7 times greater than that by water.
3) Comparison of the above results 1 and 2 (taking into account of the result that in the evacuated state the reactivity of T state against OH− and amine is much less than the deactivation by water) leads to the conclusion that the deactivation of T state by oxygen is almost completely suppressed by the addition of amine.
4) The rate of irreversible photoöxida-tion increases with the alkalinity of the solution. But in the buffer solution containing N-compound like veronal, a competitive reaction somewhat like that between methylene blue and amine occurs. It is pointed out that enough caution must be taken for such a possibility when the buffer solutions are employed.
Heats of Combustion and Formation of Lower Members of Methyl-and Etnyl-methoxypolysiloxanes
Authors: Tanaka Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The heats of combustion of lower members of methyl- and ethyl-methoxy-polysiloxanes have been measured at 20°C and constant volume, and the corresponding heats of combustion and formation in isobaric process have been calculated.
2. The bond energy term in structural unit of (Remark: Graphics omitted.) has been calculated from the heat of formation, and it has been found that its value increases with the polymer sizes of the members. Finally, the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) has been compared with that expected from the additive law of bond energy, and the lowering of bond energy in these molecules has been discussed in view of the resonance effect.
Studies on the Cobalt(III) Complexes of Monothiophosphate Ion
Authors: Hidaka Jinsai , Fujita Junnosuke , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two new complexes, sodium di-monothiophosphato-bis-ethylenediamine cobaltate(III) octa-hydrate and monothiophosphato-bis-ethylenediamine-cobalt(III) dihydrate, have been synthesized by the reaction of trans-dichloro-bis-ethylenediamine cobalt(III) chloride with anhydrous sodium monothiophosphate in cold aqueous solution. The infrared and the visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of these compounds and of the corresponding thiosulfato-Co(III) complexes have been measured and discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.
Characteristics of Alginic Acid as a Cation Exchanger and its Application to the Separation of Thorium(IV) and Cerium(III) Ions
Authors: Takahashi Takeo , Miyake Shingo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The apparent dissociation constant of alginic acid was measured by means of the neutralization with 0.1 n potassium hydroxide in 1 n potassium chloride solution and found to have a value of 3.1. This value is between that of IR-120 and of IRC-50, which is obtained by the same manner of measurement. The values of Kd for thorium(IV) and cerium(III) ions in regard to these three exchangers were measured, showing that the value in regard to alginic acid is also situated between the other two.
The application of alginic acid to the fractional separation of thorium(IV) and cerium(III) ions gave a satisfactory result.
The Fundamental Conditions for Countercurrent Distribution Studies of Clupeine
Authors: Sawada Fumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conditions and solvent system suitable for C.C.D. of clupeine sulfate, were systematically studied and the following results were obtained.
1. In the solvent system consisting of n-butanol and aqueous hydrochloric, acetic or picric acid, the partition coefficient (K) of clupeine sulfate was almost zero.
2. In the system consisting of n-butanol and aqueous dichloroacetic, trichloroacetic or p-toluenesulfonic acid, the K-value increased with the increase of the acid concentration at a constant solute concentration. In the last system, at a constant acid concentration, the K-value decreased with the increase of the solute concentration.
3. The system consisting of n-butanol and an equal volume of aqueous solution containing 0.12 m sodium p-toluenesulf onate and 0.40 or 0.48m sodium chloride was found to satisfy all the conditions necessary for the C.C.D. of clupeine sulfate.
Wet Grinding on Kaolin Minerals
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of wet grinding on kaolin minerals were examined by X-ray diffraction method, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy and density measurement. The effects of wet grinding of kaolin minerals are different from those of dry grinding, particularly at the early stage of grinding. It has been considered that the force of dry grinding acts as fracturing and cleaving forces, while the force of wet grinding acts as a weak cleaving force for kaolinite and as a weak fracturing force for halloysite in the early stage of grinding. It has been revealed that the effects of wet grinding depend on the shape of crystal in the original kaolin mineral in the early stage of grinding, and beyond a certain stage of grinding, they depend on the structural per-fectness of the kaolin layer, that is, the internal degree of crystallinity of the original kaolin mineral.
Rapid Analysis of Gamma-Emitters Using Gamma-Ray Scintillation Spectrometer. II. Determination of 137Cs in Fission Products
Authors: Aoki Fumio , Yajima Seishi , Kurosawa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method for the rapid determination of 137Cs in fission products has been studied. Simple and reliable analysis is possible by combining oxalate- and carbonate-form anion exchange resin and a gamma-ray scintillation spectrometer as follows.
Take several samples of equal quantity from a given fission products solution. Add various known quantities of pure 137Cs to them respectively. Extract the bulk of uranium with T. B. P. in diethyl ether. Treat them through a mixed bed of carbonate- and oxalate-form anion exchange resin. Measure each aliquot using a gamma-ray scintillation spectrometer. Plot the real peak height of the 0.66 MeV gamma vs. the added 137Cs quantity, and determine the straight line by the method of least square. Find the intersection of the straight line and the abscissa.
The quantity in question is given by the length of the abscissa between the intersection and the origin.
Studies on the Sapogenins of Dioscorea tokoro Makino. I. The Structure of Tokorogenic Acid
Authors: Morita Katsura 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Oxidation of tokorogenin by means of chromic anhydride in acetic acid, periodic acid in ethanol and lead tetraacetate in aqueous acetic acid led to the conclusion that tokorogenin must have a glycerol moiety in ring A of the steroid nucleus.
(2) Tokorogenic acid, an oxidation product from tokorogenin, forms an anhydride by heating with acetic anhydride and gives rise to a monomethyl ester (α-monoester) by treatment with methanol and hydrogen chloride, while alkaline hydrolysis of the dimethyl ester of the acid furnishes a different monomethyl ester (β-monoester). The same α-monoester also results from tokorogenic anhydride by the action of alkali in a methanol solution.
(3) On the basis of the theoretical considerations and the afore-mentioned observations in the tokorogenic acid series compared with those in the camphoric acid and etiobilienic acid series, it is concluded that tokorogenic acid has to be defined as 1,3-seco-2-nor-spirostan-1,3-dioic acid (II) and hence tokorogenin as spirostan-1,2,3-triol (I).
Analysis of Organic Compounds by Flame Spectrometry. I. Determination of Chlorine in Organic Compounds by Band Spectra of Cuprous Chloride
Authors: Maruyama Masao , Seno Setsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Examinations were made on the band spectrum of cuprous chloride based on the Beilstein’s reaction in oxy-hydrogen flame. Determination of chlorine in organic chlorine compounds was attempted by using dimethylformamide containing copper as a solvent and a band peak of 435.4 mμ of cuprous chloride.
In order to decrease the effect of C2-Swan band that is produced on combustion of organic compounds, and to increase the sensitivity of cuprous chloride band spectrum, combustion gas was maintained at high oxygen pressure; 1.76 kg./cm2 (25 1b./in2 gauge), and low hydrogen pressure ; 1st, 0.035 kg./cm2 (0.5 1b./in2 gauge), 2nd, 10 cm. water column.
γ-BHC was used as the standard and determination was carried out on 11 kinds of organic chlorine compounds, and good results were obtained with samples other than liquid, metal salts, and hydrochlorides. The determinable range for chlorine is 0.005∼3.1 m concentration.
Confirmation of the Formation of Colloidal Particles in Aqueous Cobalt Salt Solution by Radiotracer Electrodialysis
Authors: Sasaki Tsunetaka , Osaka Katsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Dissolved state of cobalt ions in 10−3 molar aqueous solution of cobaltous chloride, varying in pH, was studied by a radiotracer electrodialysis coupled with an ordinary filtration.
(2) Formation of colloidal particles permeable to filter paper but not permeable to cellophane membrane were confirmed in the solution, in the region of pH from 6 to 10.
(3) Macroscopic precipitates of cobaltous hydroxide began to form at about pH 8 and practically all cobalt ions were precipitated at a pH greater than 10.
(4) The value of pH of insoluble cobaltous hydroxide formation in aqueous 10−3 molar cobalt salt solution calculated from the solubility product of cobaltous hydroxide was found to be situated between the pH of the initiation of colloidal particle formation and the pH of the initiation of macroscopic agglomerate formation.
Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation. I. A New Selenium Dioxide-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids from Aliphatic Ketones Accompanied by Rearrangement of Alkyl Groups
Authors: Sonoda Noboru , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Selenium dioxide catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic ketones with hydrogen peroxide gave carboxylic acids which were produced by the rearrangement of the alkyl group as shown by equation 5.
2) Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone and diethyl ketone were selected as starting materials. The main rearrangement observed is due to the migration of the alkyl group having a smaller number of carbon atoms to the α-carbon atom of the larger alkyl group, and the migration of the alkyl group with a larger number of carbon atoms to the smaller one also occurs in some degree.
3) The yield of the generated acids were about 30∼40% of the theoretical amounts based on the ketones used. Small amounts of cleavage products were obtained as the by-products in all cases. Both of the cleavaged groups from a ketone were oxidized to acids in these reaction systems.
4) The most probable catalytic form seems to be peroxyselenious acid which may be produced by the oxidation of selenium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide (equation 6). Inferential reaction mechanism was discussed.