bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of important odorants from Persian silk tree flowers, Albizia julibrissin
Authors: Nguyen Thien , Dein Melissa , Trudelle Danielle , Munafo John P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin) has delicate flowers with a pleasant aroma profile, displaying notes of hyacinth and rose with subtle nuances of citrus, coconut and spice. In this study, a total of 29 odorants were identified in the flowers from a single A. julibrissin selection by the application of a cold‐solvent extraction (CSE), followed by solvent‐assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Subsequently, nine odorants with flavour dilution (FD) factors ≥16 were quantitated by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA), and odour activity values (OAVs) were calculated. Odorants with OAV ≥1 included 2‐phenylacetaldehyde (OAV 3638), linalool (OAV 797), eugenol (OAV 231), geraniol (OAV 161), 1H‐indole (OAV 93), β‐ionone (OAV 31), 2‐phenylethanol (OAV 11) and γ‐octalactone (OAV 1). An aroma simulation model was prepared based on the quantitation data, and it closely matched the aroma of the flower isolate. Chiral chromatography was performed, and (S)‐(+)‐linalool was the only enantiomer detected. This study advances our understanding of A. julibrissin flower aroma chemistry and lays the groundwork for future investigations for the development of delicate floral aromas for flavour and fragrance applications.
Effect of dawri‐damaa (Pentas schimperiana) leaf meal supplementation on performances, carcass characteristics, and economic feasibility of sheep fed native grass hay
Authors: Dillo Gubil Bekele , Tolemariam Taye , Amejo Asrat Guja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith a growing export and local market, sheep farming is critical to the economy of smallholder farmers; however, indigenous sheep breeds usually exhibit low carcass output and live weight due to nutritional constraints. The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementing local sheep with dawri‐damaa leaf meal (DDLM) on their performance, carcass characteristics, and profitability when fed native grass hay. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to administer four feeding treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4 at 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% DDLM, respectively) to 20 local uncastrated male lambs having an average 23.72 ± 0.73 kg body weight and average age of 11.72 ± 0.74 months. Greater doses of DDLM in the diet resulted in greater average daily gain (ADG) of 51.4–83.8 g/day and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of 0.066–0.089 in lambs, compared to 15.0 g/day ADG and 0.025 FCE in lambs under control diet (T1). Additionally, the lambs had increased slaughter body weight (SBW), empty body weight (EBW), and hot carcass weight (HCW) in T4 and T3 compared to other treatments (p < .05). There were no significant differences in dressing percentages (DPs) across any treatment group. The study also discussed the economic viability of supplementing with DDLM, suggesting that feeding 70% daily dry matter of DDLM at 2.5% live weight might be beneficial depending on availability, access, and cost factors. In conclusion, feeding DDLM up to 70% has improved the performance of sheep and is economically feasible. Further research might be required to discover whether such levels of inclusion are harmful and apply different processing methods for feeding animals.
Impact on help‐seeking behaviours of a campaign perceived to decrease stigma and increase openness around mental health
Authors: Donovan Robert J. , Drane Catherine F. , Santini Ziggi I. , Jalleh Geoffrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThere is considerable evidence that public stigma around mental illness inhibits help‐seeking for mental health problems. Hence there have been many interventions and campaigns designed to reduce stigma around mental illness. However, as far as could be ascertained, none of these stigma reduction interventions has reported any substantial impact of reducing stigma on people's mental health help‐seeking behaviours. The aim of this paper is to report on the impact of the Act‐Belong‐Commit positive mental health promotion Campaign on help‐seeking via increasing perceived openness around mental health and reducing perceived stigma around mental illness.MethodsState‐wide computer assisted telephone interviews (CATIs) of the general adult population were undertaken in 2018 and 2019 (N = 600 adults per year). The questionnaire included measures of respondents' awareness of the Act‐Belong‐Commit Campaign, their beliefs about the Campaign's impact on mental illness stigma and openness around mental health issues, and whether they had sought help for or information about a mental health problem as a result of their exposure to the Campaign.ResultsThose who believed the Act‐Belong‐Commit Campaign increased openness around mental health issues were significantly more likely than those not holding this belief to have sought information about mental health and to have sought help for a mental health problem as a result of their exposure to the Campaign. Those who believed the Act‐Belong‐Commit Campaign decreased stigma around mental illness versus those not holding this belief were significantly more likely to have sought information, and more likely, but not significantly so, to have sought help as a result of their exposure to the Campaign. Overall, the effect was slightly greater for increased openness.ConclusionAs far as we are aware, these are the first reported findings of a positive impact on mental health help‐seeking behaviours as a result of a population‐wide mental health promotion Campaign being seen to have increased openness around mental health and decreased stigma around mental illness.So What?These findings suggest that accompanying specific stigma reduction interventions with a broad‐based, population‐wide, positive mental health promotion Campaign such as the Act‐Belong‐Commit campaign, could amplify these interventions' impact on help‐seeking by increasing openness about mental health issues.
Process evaluation of a maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation trial for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lopez Derrick , Jenkins Susan , Cecins Nola , Strange Cecily , Cockram Joanne , Collins Anna , Landers Holly , Nattabi Barbara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ComEx3 community‐based extended maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to determine the optimal strategy for maintaining the benefits of exercise for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a process evaluation of this RCT to determine if the trial was implemented per protocol, and to explore the barriers and facilitators of the trial, and mechanisms of impact.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study consisting of analysis of PR class records, study diaries and interviews of those involved in the trial. We developed a reporting framework from available literature and performed a content analysis.ResultsEleven of the 12 participants in the intervention group attended ≥70% of available classes before the trial was terminated due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Analysis of the study diaries found that adherence to the home exercise program was higher in the intervention than the control group. Analyses of interviews (n = 21) highlighted the complexity of standardising the processes across multiple sites, but revealed behaviour change amongst class physiotherapists who were able to conform with the required processes. Facilitators of participation included the desire to improve function and quality of life, while barriers included illnesses and lack of motivation. Mechanisms of impact included confidence in exercising and benefits from the education sessions.ConclusionsThe ComEx3 RCT was implemented as planned largely due to commitment by the research team and the desire by patients to improve their quality of life by attending a PR program that they are familiar with. Successful implementation of PR RCTs requires good organisational skills, clear and consistent trial documentation, broad understanding of participant needs while being conscious of challenges experienced by people with COPD, and dedication by everyone involved in the RCT.So What?This article shows the importance of running a process evaluation alongside an RCT. Although this RCT did not progress to completion, this process evaluation which was guided by a robust framework, will provide guidance for future interventions in this area.
Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic versus abdominal and laparoscopic myomectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Weiqi , Ma Jun , Yang Zhao , Han Xiao , Hu Chenyang , Wang Huai , Peng Ying , Zhang Lei , Jiang Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyomectomy is the preferred treatment for women with uterine fibroids and fertility requirements. There are three modalities are used in clinical practice for myomectomy: abdominal myomectomy (AM), laparoscopic myomectomy (LM), and robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RLM).ObjectivesTo compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of RLM, AM, and LM.Search StrategyWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Clinical Trials for relevant literature published between January 2000 and January 2023.Selection CriteriaWe included all studies reporting peri‐ and postoperative outcomes of myomectomy in patients with uterine myomas. Surgical treatments were classified as RLM, LM, or AM.Data Collection and AnalysisTwo or more authors selected studies independently, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. We derived mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome, subgrouping trials by the patient characteristics and myoma characteristics. We used the I2 statistic to quantify heterogeneity and the random‐effects model for meta‐analysis when appropriate. We used the funnel plot to assess the publication bias.Main ResultsA total of 32 studies with 6357 patients were included, of which 1982 women had undergone RLM. The operating time was significantly longer (MD = 43.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.22–61.93, P < 0.001), and the incidence of cesarean section after myomectomy was significantly lower (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10–0.78, P = 0.02) in RLM than in LM. Compared with AM, the operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion rate, complication rate, total cost, length of hospital stay, and pregnancy rate of patients with RLM were significantly different.ConclusionsThe safety and effectiveness of RLM are superior to those of AM but inferior to those of LM.
An integrated waveform design method for underwater acoustic detection and communication
Authors: Cui Xuerong , Cai Yue , Li Juan , Li Lei , Jiang Bin , Liu Liya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the integrated system for underwater detection and communication (ISUDC) has become one of the important research directions. At present, the efficiency of the existing shared signals carrying communication information is low, and the synchronization performance needs to be further improved. So, this paper proposes an integrated waveform design scheme for ISUDC based on the carrier with good detection performance and binary phase shift differential keying (DBPSK). In this scheme, the signal with better underwater detection performance (e.g. Linear Frequency Modulation, LFM) is selected as the carrier, and DBPSK is used as the modulation mode to modulate the communication symbols into the carrier. However, the correlation of the detection signal will be destroyed. Thus, the down‐frequency detection signal (e.g. ngLFM) is superimposed into the signal to form a shared signal (LFM‐DBPSK‐ng, LDN). The detection performance, synchronization performance and communication performance of the shared signal are analyzed by ambiguity function, cross‐correlation and BER, respectively. In addition, according to the proposed scheme, the shared signal HFM‐DBPSK‐ng (HDN) is generated by using HFM as carrier. The comparative simulation experiments are carried out with the existing LFM‐BPSK signals. Experiments show that both LDN and HDN have better performance compared to the other shared signals, which proves the effectiveness of the integrated waveform design scheme for ISUDC proposed in this paper.
Community exposure to gun homicide and adolescents' educational aspirations
Authors: Bruns Angela , Aubel Amanda J. , Zhang Xiaoya , Buggs Shani A. , Kravitz‐Wirtz Nicole 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWitnessing violence and violent victimization have detrimental effects on adolescents' emotional functioning and ability to envision and plan for their futures. However, research is limited on the impact of violence that occurs in adolescents' communities—whether or not it was witnessed or experienced firsthand. This paper investigated the associations between community exposure to gun homicide and adolescents' high school and college graduation aspirations.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3031), a cohort study of children born 1998–2000 in 20 large US cities, merged with incident‐level data on deadly gun violence from the Gun Violence Archive (2014–2017). Outcomes were reported by adolescents (girls and boys) during wave 6 (2014–2017) of the study, conducted when the children were 15 years of age. We employed ordinary least squares regression, ordered logistic regression, and multilevel stratification to examine the average and heterogeneous impacts of community exposure to gun homicide on adolescents' educational aspirations.ResultsCommunity exposure to gun homicide was associated with reduced high school graduation aspirations, particularly among adolescents with the lowest risk of exposure to gun homicide. Gun homicide exposure was also associated with increased college graduation aspirations; this association was concentrated among adolescents with moderate‐high risk of exposure.ConclusionsGiven the importance of education for job opportunities and the better health that accompanies education and occupational attainment, preventing early exposure to gun violence and providing institutional supports to help adolescents facing adversity realize their goals is essential to their long‐term health and success.
Synthesis, molecular docking analysis, drug‐likeness evaluation, and inhibition potency of new pyrazole‐3,4‐dicarboxamides incorporating sulfonamide moiety as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Özkul Şüheda , Tunca Ekrem , Mert Samet , Bayrakdar Alpaslan , Kasımoğulları Rahmi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA series of novel pyrazole‐dicarboxamides were synthesized from pyrazole‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid chloride and various primary and secondary sulfonamides. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS. Then the inhibition effects of newly synthesized molecules on human erythrocyte hCA I and hCA II isoenzymes were investigated. Ki values of the compounds were in the range of 0.024−0.496 µM for hCA I and 0.006−5.441 µM for hCA II. Compounds 7a and 7i showed nanomolar level of inhibition of hCA II, and these compounds exhibited high selectivity for this isoenzyme. Molecular docking studies were performed between the most active compounds 7a, 7b, 7i, and the reference inhibitor AAZ and the hCAI and hCAII to investigate the binding mechanisms between the compounds and the isozymes. These compounds showed better interactions than the AAZ. ADMET and drug‐likeness analyses for the compounds have shown that the compounds can be used pharmacologically in living organisms.
Extraction and separation of potassium, zinc and manganese issued from spent alkaline batteries by a three‐unit hydrometallurgical process
Authors: García Noelia Muñoz , Delgado Cano Beatriz , Valverde José Luis , Heitz Michèle , Avalos Ramirez Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBatteries play a vital role in meeting global energy needs. When their life cycle concludes, improperly discarded spent batteries can pose environmental risks primarily due to their metal content. In this sense, the recycling of metals contained in spent batteries could mean a huge advantage if they are extracted and purified using environmentally friendly processes.RESULTSIn this study, the recovery of potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) from alkaline batteries was performed using a hydrometallurgical process consisting of neutral, acid and acid reductive leaching steps at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to extract K, Zn and Mn. In the neutral leaching step, 76.8 ± 3.4 (wt. %) of the K present in the spent batteries was extracted. Thus, in the acid leaching step, 90.9 ± 0.1 (wt. %) of the initial Zn and 36.7 ± 0.4 (wt. %) of the initial Mn was extracted using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 2 M. In a subsequent acid reductive leaching step using H2SO4 2 M and oxygen peroxide (H2O2) 0.8 M as reducing agent, 8.7 ± 0.1 (wt. %) of the initial Zn and up to 49.4 ± 0.2 (wt. %) of the initial Mn were extracted.CONCLUSIONThe three‐unit process led to an overall extraction of 99.6 ± 0.3 (wt. %) of Zn and 86.1 ± 0.1 (wt. %) of Mn. Regarding the latter step, the extraction was not 100% because Mn complexes which are nearly insoluble were generated. This shows that extraction of valuable minerals from industrial residues is possible by hydrometallurgical processes. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Gut—brain barrier dysfunction bridge autistic‐like behavior in mouse model of maternal separation stress: A behavioral, histopathological, and molecular study
Authors: Rowshan Negin , Anjomshoa Maryam , Farahzad Anahita , Bijad Elham , Amini‐Khoei Hossein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a fast‐growing neurodevelopmental disorder throughout the world. Experiencing early life stresses (ELS) like maternal separation (MS) is associated with autistic‐like behaviors. It has been proposed that disturbance in the gut–brain axis‐mediated psychiatric disorders following MS. The role of disruption in the integrity of gut–brain barrier in ASD remains unclear. Addressing this knowledge gap, in this study we aimed to investigate role of the gut–brain barrier integrity in mediating autistic‐like behaviors in mouse models of MS stress. To do this, mice neonates are separated daily from their mothers from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 14 for 3 hours. During PND58–60, behavioral tests related to autistic‐like behaviors including three‐chamber sociability, shuttle box, and resident‐intruder tests were performed. Then, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and colon samples were dissected out for histopathological and molecular evaluations. Results showed that MS is associated with impaired sociability and social preference indexes, aggressive behaviors, and impaired passive avoidance memory. The gene expression of CLDN1 decreased in the colon, and the gene expression of CLDN5, CLDN12, and MMP9 increased in the PFC of the MS mice. MS is associated with decrease in the diameter of CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. In addition, MS led to histopathological changes in the colon. We concluded that, probably, disturbance in the gut–brain barrier integrities mediated the autistic‐like behavior in MS stress in mice.
Long term survival in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease reveals a spectrum with progressive brain abnormalities and changes in cognitive functioning
Authors: van den Dorpel J. J. A. , Mackenbach M. J. , Dremmen M. H. G. , van der Vlugt W. M. C. , Rizopoulos D. , van Doorn P. A. , van der Ploeg A. T. , Muetzel R. , van der Beek N. A. M. E. , van den Hout J. M. P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this longitudinal cohort study, is to provide more insight into the pattern of brain abnormalities, and possible consequences for cognitive functioning, in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. We included 19 classic infantile Pompe patients (median age last assessment 8.9 years, range 1.5–22.5 years; 5/19 CRIM negative), treated with ERT. Using MR imaging of the brain (T1, T2, and FLAIR acquisitions), we classified progression of brain abnormalities on a 12‐point rating scale at multiple time points throughout follow‐up. Additionally we noted specific white matter patterns and examined atrophy. Cognitive development was studied using Wechsler IQ assessments obtained by certified neuropsychologists. The association between age and cognitive functioning, and MRI ratings and cognitive functioning was assessed by linear regression models. All but one patient developed brain abnormalities. The abnormalities progressed in a similar pattern throughout the brain, with early involvement of periventricular white matter, later followed by subcortical white matter, gray matter structures, and juxtacortical U‐fibers. We found a significant decline (p < 0.01), with increasing age for full scale IQ, performance IQ and processing speed, but not for verbal IQ (p = 0.17). Each point increment in the 12‐point MRI rating scale was associated with a significant decline (3.1–6.0 points) in all the IQ index scores (p < 0.05). The majority of long‐term surviving patients in our cohort develop incremental brain MRI abnormalities and decline in cognitive functioning. This highlights the need for new therapies that can cross the blood–brain barrier in order to treat this CNS phenotype.
Evaluation of serum Epstein–Barr virus envelope glycoproteins antibodies and their association with systemic autoimmune diseases
Authors: Li Hui‐Lan , Zhong Lan‐Yi , Kang Yin‐Feng , Yang Yan‐Lan , Shi Liang , Zhai Ai‐Xia , Wu Chao , Zeng Mu‐Sheng , Zhu Qian‐Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSystemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) are a growing spectrum of autoimmune disorders that commonly affect multiple organs. The role of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection or reactivation as a trigger for the initiation and progression of SADs has been established, while the relationship between EBV envelope glycoproteins and SADs remains unclear. Here, we assessed the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM against EBV glycoproteins (including gp350, gp42, gHgL, and gB) in serum samples obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and found that RA and SLE patients exhibited a statistically significant increase in the levels of 8 and 11 glycoprotein antibodies, respectively, compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). The LASSO model identified four factors as significant diagnostic markers for RA: gp350 IgG, gp350 IgA, gHgL IgM, and gp42 IgA; whereas for SLE it included gp350 IgG, gp350 IgA, gHgL IgA, and gp42 IgM. Combining these selected biomarkers yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.749 for RA and 0.843 for SLE. We subsequently quantified the levels of autoantibodies associated with SADs in mouse sera following immunization with gp350. Remarkably, none of the tested autoantibody levels exhibited statistically significant alterations. Elevation of glycoprotein antibody concentration suggests that Epstein–Barr virus reactivation and replication occurred in SADs patients, potentially serving as a promising biomarker for diagnosing SADs. Moreover, the absence of cross‐reactivity between gp350 antibodies and SADs‐associated autoantigens indicates the safety profile of a vaccine based on gp350 antigen.