bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of perceptions of forest change and intergroup competition on community‐based conservation behaviors
Authors: Clark Matt , Hamad Haji Masoud , Andrews Jeffrey , Hillis Vicken , Mulder Monique Borgerhoff 
Published: April 2024

AbstractApproximately one quarter of the earth's population directly harvests natural resources to meet their daily needs. These individuals are disproportionately required to alter their behaviors in response to increasing climatic variability and global biodiversity loss. Much of the ever‐ambitious global conservation agenda relies on the voluntary uptake of conservation behaviors in such populations. Thus, it is critical to understand how such individuals perceive environmental change and use conservation practices as a tool to protect their well‐being. We developed a participatory mapping activity to elicit spatially explicit perceptions of forest change and its drivers across 43 mangrove‐dependent communities in Pemba, Tanzania. We administered this activity along with a questionnaire regarding conservation preferences and behaviors to 423 individuals across those 43 communities. We analyzed these data with a set of Bayesian hierarchical statistical models. Perceived cover loss in 50% of a community's mangrove area drove individuals to decrease proposed limits on fuelwood bundles from 2.74 (forest perceived as intact) to 2.37 if participants believed resultant gains in mangrove cover would not be stolen by outsiders. Conversely, individuals who believed their community mangrove forests were at high risk of theft loosened their proposed harvest limits from 1.26 to 2.75 bundles of fuelwood in response to the same perceived forest decline. High rates of intergroup competition and mangrove loss were thus driving a self‐reinforcing increase in unsustainable harvesting preferences in community forests in this system. This finding demonstrates a mechanism by which increasing environmental decline may cause communities to forgo conservation practices, rather than adopt them, as is often assumed in much community‐based conservation planning. However, we also found that when effective boundaries were present, individuals were willing to limit their own harvests to stem such perceived decline.
Mining threats in high‐level biodiversity conservation policies
Authors: Torres Aurora , zu Ermgassen Sophus O. S. E. , Navarro Laetitia M. , Ferri‐Yanez Francisco , Teixeira Fernanda Z. , Wittkopp Constanze , Rosa Isabel M. D. , Liu Jianguo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmid a global infrastructure boom, there is increasing recognition of the ecological impacts of the extraction and consumption of construction minerals, mainly processed as concrete, including significant and expanding threats to global biodiversity. We investigated how high‐level national and international biodiversity conservation policies address mining threats, with a special focus on construction minerals. We conducted a review and quantified the degree to which threats from mining these minerals are addressed in biodiversity goals and targets under the 2011–2020 and post‐2020 biodiversity strategies, national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Mining appeared rarely in national targets but more frequently in national strategies. Yet, in most countries, it was superficially addressed. Coverage of aggregates mining was greater than coverage of limestone mining. We outline 8 key components, tailored for a wide range of actors, to effectively mainstream biodiversity conservation into the extractive, infrastructure, and construction sectors. Actions include improving reporting and monitoring systems, enhancing the evidence base around mining impacts on biodiversity, and modifying the behavior of financial agents and businesses. Implementing these measures could pave the way for a more sustainable approach to construction mineral use and safeguard biodiversity.
Wenn es kein Angioödem ist, was dann? Diagnostisches Vorgehen bei Gesichtsödemen
Authors: Velasco‐Amador Juan Pablo , Prados‐Carmona Álvaro , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco José 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungGesichtsödeme sind ein relativ häufiges Symptom bei Patienten allergologischer und dermatologischer Kliniken. Die Differentialdiagnose ist breit gefächert und die endgültige Diagnose kann manchmal eine Herausforderung für den Kliniker sein. Das faziale Angioödem selbst umfasst verschiedene Ätiopathologien (histaminerg, bradykinininduziert und weitere), die von anderen Ursachen des Gesichtsödems differenziert werden sollten, etwa allergischer Kontaktdermatitis, granulomatösen Erkrankungen, inflammatorischen Ursachen, Infektionen, Neoplasmen oder paraneoplastischen Syndromen, Autoimmunerkrankungen und anderen Entitäten, die hier als „Sonstige“ bezeichnet werden. Um die richtigen Untersuchungen anzuordnen und eine gezielte Therapie zu verordnen, ist ein angemessener diagnostischer Ansatz ausschlaggebend. Diese Übersicht konzentriert sich auf Entitäten, die mit Gesichtsödem einhergehen, und fasst ihre klinischen Charakteristika zusammen.
Improved glycaemic control induced by evening activity breaks does not persist overnight amongst healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Gale Jennifer T. , Haszard Jillian J. , Peddie Meredith C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of 4 hours of laboratory‐based regular activity breaks (RABs) and prolonged sitting (SIT) on subsequent 48‐h free‐living interstitial glucose levels in a group of healthy adults.Materials and MethodsIn this randomized crossover trial, participants completed two 4‐h laboratory‐based interventions commencing at ~5:00 pm: (1) SIT and (2) SIT interrupted with 3 min of body weight resistance exercise activity breaks every 30 min (RABs). Continuous glucose monitoring was performed during the intervention and for 48‐h after, during which time participants returned to a free‐living setting.ResultsTwenty‐eight adults (female n = 20, mean ± SD age 25.5 ± 5.6 years, body mass index 29.2 ± 6.9 kg/m2) provided data for this analysis. During the intervention period, RABs lowered mean interstitial glucose by 8.3% (−0.47 mmol/L/4 h, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.74 to −0.20; p = 0.001) and area under the curve (AUC) by 8.9% (−2.01 mmol/L/4 h, 95% CI −3.05 to −0.97; p < 0.001) compared to SIT. Measures of glycaemic variability were not significantly different during the intervention. There were no significant differences in mean glucose and AUC between conditions during the first nocturnal period and 24‐h post intervention. When compared to SIT, RABs increased continuous overall net action of glucose at 1 h and SD glucose by 22% (0.18 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.29; p = 0.018) and 26% (95% CI 4.9 to 42.7; p = 0.019) in the first nocturnal period and by 10% (0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.01, 0.17; p = 0.025) and 15% (95% CI 6.6 to 22.4; p = 0.001) in the 24‐h post intervention period, respectively.ConclusionPerforming activity breaks in the evening results in acute reductions in interstitial glucose concentrations; however, the magnitude of these changes is not maintained overnight or into the following 48 hours.
Sign language choice and policy among the signing community in Kuwait
Authors: Almubayei Dalal S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSign language is significant in its linguistic complexity and sociocultural values to its users. The linguistic situation of sign languages in the Middle East is controversial. For Arab deaf communities, each country has a rich and complex national sign language without the need for a superior, more standard unifying Arabic sign language (ArSL). There have been attempts to unify sign languages by creating ArSL. This initiative has been mostly taken by nondeaf persons and has been met with opposition and resistance. This paper investigates sign languages in Kuwait and the attitudes towards both Kuwaiti Sign Language (KSL) and ArSL from both deaf individuals and sign language translators/teachers using surveys, informal interviews, and fieldwork visits. The research question is: What sign language would the deaf community and sign language interpreters/teachers in Kuwait choose (KSL, ArSL, or both) to better serve the deaf community. This paper is designed to uncover the impact of language policies on communities' representations of self and explore the richness and complexity of national sign languages that can be underestimated by language policymakers. The findings of this study indicate a preference for KSL or the use of both KSL and ArSL, but not ArSL alone.
Public diplomacy of authoritarianism: Strategic use of Suzanne Mubarak
Authors: Menshawy Mustafa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA leader's wife can be a key player in consolidating his authoritarianism through her public diplomacy activities. Taking the example of Egypt's former First Lady, Suzanne Mubarak (1981–2011), this article demonstrates how her role in public diplomacy framed her as a “modern” woman with a mission of “modernizing” women or the country's whole population. The modernization model adopted in these frames presumes the need for agents to transform “traditional” societies into “modern” societies and the need for agents to build more networks of collaboration with the “West.” The second section of the article focuses on political instrumentality, showing how former President Hosni Mubarak attempted to look good, to look democratic, and to look useful to his allies. This process was partly organized by Mrs. Mubarak herself, who used her public diplomacy roles as opportunities and resources to build a personality cult drawn on glorifying herself and aggrandizing her activities.
Managerial discretion and debt financing under information uncertainty
Authors: Liu Yu‐Hong , Jiang I‐Ming , Huang Hung‐Chieh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how information uncertainty influences managers' decisions and compensation. It reveals varying financial choices under uncertainty levels. Initially, information uncertainty results in debtholders undervaluing debt in comparison to situations without such uncertainty. Consequently, they consistently estimate a default threshold that is lower than the threshold managers choose to maximize their value. Low uncertainty prompts overinvestment, heightening agency issues. Increased uncertainty leads debt holders to reduce the capital they are willing to lend to companies for investment. To invest early, funds must be injected or costs incurred. Information uncertainty can ease agency conflicts, shifting decisions from overinvestment to underinvestment. Managerial compensation matters: higher fixed salaries curb overinvestment, while increased reservation income exacerbates it.
Dynamics and fisher perception of fishery exploitation in a transboundary pocket of the River Atrai, India
Authors: Ghosh Monika , Panja Soumyadip , Dutta Mrinmay , Homechaudhuri Sumit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransboundary freshwater fish are critical for both biodiversity and community well‐being but face alarming overexploitation in shared rivers. Such rivers greatly aid the livelihood and nutrition of local people on both sides of shared borders. However, a lack of understanding of resource dynamics and utilization patterns hinders sustainable management of resources. We investigated spatiotemporal fish assemblages along the River Atrai, a transboundary river between India and Bangladesh. The socioeconomic status of fishers was quantified from personal interviews and group discussions to estimate the exploitation trajectory of piscine resources. Fish assemblages varied significantly among locations and seasons. Species diversity was highest downstream and lowest upstream. Spatiotemporal fishery exploitation aligned with fish diversity among sites and seasons, with fishers preferring to fish in downstream areas during the post‐monsoon season. Fishers were economically weak, with limited sources of income. Therefore, adequate integrated management plans should be implemented to ensure resource resilience in a transboundary pocket, sustainably supporting the livelihood of concomitant fishers.
Effects of amount of yttria on dielectric breakdown strength of sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride
Authors: Nakashima Yuki , Zhou You , Tanabe Keisuke , Arima Souhei , Okuno Teruhisa , Hirao Kiyoshi , Ohji Tatsuki , Murayama Norimitsu , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prepared sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics using various amounts of yttria (Y2O3) and a fixed amount of magnesia as sintering additives and evaluated their effects on the microstructure and dielectric breakdown strength (DBS). The DBS tests were conducted at substrate thicknesses of approximately .3, .2, .1, and .05 mm for each sample. All the prepared samples exhibited a high relative density (> 98%) and were composed of grains of almost identical sizes and shapes. The DBS decreased as the amount of added Y2O3 increased, with the degree of decrease being more pronounced for the thinner substrates. In the case of substrates with the largest Y2O3 amount (5 mol%), the DBS decreased to the level observed for the thinnest substrate of .05 mm. The presence of yttrium ions around the grains increased the electrical conductivity of the glassy phase, resulting in a decreased DBS. Therefore, a smaller amount of Y2O3 led to a higher DBS. The observed decrease in the DBS (.05 mm) was attributed to the connection between the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate through a highly conductive path.
Mechanical and thermal properties for corrosion products of lutetium silicates against CMAS
Authors: Yang Fan , Fan Yun , Zhao Juanli , Liu Yuchen , Chu Kaili , Li Yiran , Li Wenxian , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRare earth silicates are promising environmental/thermal barrier coating (E/TBC) materials facing severe CMAS (CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2) corrosion. Previous studies mainly focused on the intrinsic properties of precorrosion coatings, but there were few studies on their CMAS corrosion products that play a crucial role in the performance of coatings in postservice stage. In this work, the mechanical and thermal properties of nine corrosion products between lutetium silicates and CMAS are studied using first‐principles calculations. Their differences of elastic stiffness are attributed to the different crystal structures and bonding strength. The T:O ratio is identified as a factor of the crystal structure for silicate products, and it has a good correlation with their elastic stiffness. Moreover, the divergences of thermal conductivity are dominated by three essential factors, that is, atomic vibration intensity, lattice vibrational anharmonicity, and complexity of crystal structure. Compared with rare earth silicates, six products, that is, the α‐CaSiO3, β‐CaSiO3, Ca2MgSi2O7, Ca2Al2SiO7, CaAl2Si2O8, and Ca2Lu8(SiO4)6O2, showing good damage tolerance and low thermal conductivities, are predicted to be advantageous to E/TBCs. These discoveries reveal the mechanical/thermal properties of corrosion products between lutetium silicates and CMAS and are expected to support the future researches on the performance of E/TBC in the postservice stage.
Excitation‐dependent afterglow evolution based on constructing dual crystal field glass ceramics
Authors: Li Panpan , Song Enhai , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDistinctive luminescent properties and excellent stability of long persistent luminescent (LPL) glass‐ceramic hold promise for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption applications. However, rational synthesis and a deep understanding of the precipitation of dual‐phase microcrystals in glass substrate to improve the encryption level remain challenging. Here, we carefully designed the components based on the phase diagram and combined them with the glass‐forming region. By utilizing the different crystallization behaviors of SrAl2O4 and CaAl2O4 in the glass matrix to realize dual crystals coexistence in a borate glass matrix, which provides different crystal field environments for Eu2+ luminescence, thus obtaining excitation‐dependent tunable LPL characteristics in a single sample. Mechanism studies unveiled that this excitation‐dependent behavior arises from the differential capture of charge carriers by defect oxygen vacancies in the sample when charged with different laser sources, providing a channel for multimode anti‐counterfeiting encryption. This strategy of constructing a double crystal field in a glass matrix overcomes the stringent requirements of a single heat treatment method for the crystallization temperature of biphasic crystals, which could become a stable and promising advanced anti‐counterfeiting encryption material and provide new insights into the multi‐band luminescence regulation of rare earth ions.
Management of moderate to severe psoriasis with brodalumab—Real‐world evidence from the LIBERO study
Authors: von Kiedrowski R. , Hinz T. , Mauer G. , Schwinn A. , Timmel A. , Hutt H. J. , Augustin M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrodalumab, a fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin IgG2 antibody that binds the human interleukin 17 receptor subunit A, is available for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in Europe since September 2017, but so far there are only a few studies on its use in real‐world conditions.ObjectivesTo assess the management of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis with brodalumab 210 mg in daily practice after 12 and 52 weeks (W). In addition, patient profiles and treatment pathways are described.MethodsLIBERO is a prospective, multicenter, non‐interventional study including adult patients with plaque psoriasis treated with brodalumab 210 mg.ResultsIn total, 638 patients (65% male, mean age: 49.3 ± 14.4 years) from 148 sites in Germany were enrolled. The majority suffered from severe (51.1%) or very severe (13.1%) psoriasis according to physician global assessment (PGA0‐5). When starting with brodalumab, 58.5% were biologic naïve and 41.5% were previously treated with another biologic, mainly adalimumab (18.5%) and secukinumab (17.9%). About 74.0% of patients met the primary endpoint of an absolute PASI ≤3 at ~W12 (n = 618, LOCF). The mean PASI was reduced significantly as of ~W2 from 17.2 (±11.7) to 9.7 (±8.8) and improved further to 3.3 (±6.3) at ~W12 (p < 0.001). At ~W52 85.5% of patients reached a PGA0/1‐response (primary endpoint) and 54.1% patients were assessed as completely clear (PGA0) (both n = 399, as observed). Effectiveness of brodalumab was confirmed in relevant subgroup analysis by previous treatment regimen. Most frequently reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis (4.6%), psoriasis (4.6%) and arthralgia (4.1%), new safety signals were not detected.ConclusionsThis representative, non‐interventional study confirms the short‐ and long‐term effectiveness and safety profile of brodalumab in the management of psoriasis in daily practice as well as in relevant treatment pathways.
Fluids in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children: A systematic review
Authors: Patino‐Galarza Daniela , Duque‐Lopez Andres , Cabra‐Bautista Ginna , Calvache Jose A. , Florez Ivan D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the comparative effectiveness of fluid schemes for children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with an attempt to conduct network meta‐analysis (NMA). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Epistemonikos, Virtual Health Library, and gray literature from inception to July 31, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children with DKA evaluating any intravenous fluid schemes. We planned to conduct NMA to compare all fluid schemes if heterogeneity was deemed acceptable.ResultsTwelve RCTs were included. Studies were heterogeneous in the population (patients and DKA episodes), interventions with different fluids (saline, Ringer's lactate (RL), and polyelectrolyte solution‐PlasmaLyte®), tonicity, volume, and administration systems. We identified 47 outcomes that measured clinical manifestations and metabolic control, including single and composite outcomes and substantial heterogeneity preventing statistical combination. No evidence was found of differences in neurological deterioration (main outcome), but differences were found among interventions in some comparisons to normalize acid‐base status (∼2 h less with low vs. high volume); time to receive subcutaneous insulin (∼1 h less with low vs. high fluid rate); length of stay (∼6 h less with RL vs. saline); and resolution of the DKA (∼3 h less with two‐bag vs. one‐bag scheme). However, available evidence is scarce and poor.ConclusionsThere is not enough evidence to determine the best fluid therapy in terms of fluid type, tonicity, volume, or administration time for DKA treatment. There is an urgent need for more RCTs, and the development of a core outcome set on DKA in children.
Pathogen‐ and host‐directed pharmacologic strategies for control of Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. infection in honey bees
Authors: Parrella Parker , Elikan Annabelle B. , Snow Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular parasites of the Fungal Kingdom that cause widespread infections in nature, with important effects on invertebrates involved in food production systems. The two microsporidian species Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae (and the less common Vairimorpha (Nosema) apis) can cause individual disease in honey bees and contribute to colony collapse. The efficacy, safety, and availability of fumagillin, the only drug currently approved to treat microsporidia infection in bees, is uncertain. In this review, we will discuss some of the most promising alternative strategies for the mitigation of Vairimorpha spp. with an emphasis on infection by V. ceranae, now the dominant species infecting bees. We will focus on pharmacologic interventions where the mechanism of action is known and examine both pathogen‐directed and host‐directed approaches. As limiting toxicity to host cells has been especially emphasized in treating bees that are already facing numerous stressors, strategies that disrupt pathogen‐specific targets may be especially advantageous. Therefore, efforts to increase the knowledge and tools for facilitating the discovery of such targets and pharmacologic agents directed against them should be prioritized.
Body contouring effects of at‐home beauty device equipped with suction, radiofrequency, and electrical muscle stimulation functions
Authors: Choi Yeji , Hur Yukyung , Kwak Soyoung , Shin Dasom 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the rise in interest and demand for body contouring, beauty devices have continuously developed. Suction can aid in increasing the rate of fat breakdown by inducing a massage‐like effect, thereby increasing blood flow. Moreover, radiofrequency (RF) can boost fibroblast activity and help reduce cellulite. In addition, electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) can use electrical stimulation to induce muscle contraction, leading to an athletic, and skin elasticity‐increasing effect.AimsThis study aimed to assess the effects of body contouring, such as cellulite and swelling, in healthy Korean women to objectively prove the efficacy of an at‐home beauty device equipped with suction, RF, and EMS functions.MethodsFor 8 weeks, 21 participants used the at‐home beauty device 3 days a week on their abdomen, thighs, and left calf. Validity assessments and subjective surveys were conducted at 4 and 8 weeks, including the first visit.ResultsThe results of the validity assessments revealed that cellulite, swelling, elasticity, femoral skin texture, and dermal density were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in the experimental group compared with those at the baseline.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that the combination of suction, RF, and EMS function is effective for body skin, fat, and body shape management. For better body‐contouring effects, combining the beauty device with regular exercise and healthy eating habits is recommended.