bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYDATID CYST: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF DIPLOPIA
Authors: CROMPTON JOHN L. , IYER PREMA V. , MERRY DAVID J. , TOMICH JOHN , PERRETT LANCE V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 59‐year‐old man presented with double vision due to vertical displacement of one eye by an infraorbital mass that indented the globe. Some 10 years previously he had had a Caldwell‐Luc antrostomy for chronic sinusitis. Following investigation, the antrostomy was revised and an orbital cyst with a histological appearance suggestive of a mucocele was excised via an anterior inferior orbitotomy. The orbital mass recurred with identical symptoms some 18 months later with a second mass confluent with the first, presenting subcutaneously through his zygoma. A further radical antrostomy was performed enabling a diagnosis of a hydatid cyst of the antrum to be made. The unusual features of tfi/s rare cause of diplopia are discussed and illustrated. The literature on orbital hydatid cysts is reviewed and recommendations made as regards adequate surgical exposure and not irrigating orbital cysts with noxious agents.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: MISHIMA SAIICHI , KITAZAWA YOSHIAKI , SHIRATO SHIROAKI 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) on the visual field of glaucoma patients is discussed; the criterion level for postoperative IOP control was set at 20 mmHg. When the IOP exceeded this level for two consecutive months, the IOP control was judged to be a failure, and the surgical results were analysed by a life‐table method.Argon laser trabeculoplasty (AL T) with 50 shots over 180° of the angle was used routinely, because of fewer complications than with 360° ALT. A second session sometimes improved the final success rate, which was about 57% in primary open‐angle glaucoma and 94% in capsular glaucoma after a follow‐up period of two years and two months. All patients (120 eyes) required drugs, but their use could be reduced in about 35%. The IOP distribution in successful cases showed a peak at 16 to 17 mmHg, and the IOP was 15 mmHg or less in 21%.In trabeculectomy, pretreatment with topical indomethacin and steroid drip infusion was advocated, and concentrated sodium hyaluronate was used during surgery. These procedures reduced the incidence of shallow anterior chamber and associated choroidal detachment. The final success rate was about 60% after five years of follow‐up. The IOP distribution after more than two years peaked at 13 to 15 mmHg, and the IOP was 15 mmHg or less in 53%.
TWO YEARS‘ EXPERIENCE WITH LASER TRABECULOPLASTY
Authors: HIGGINS RALPH A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of 115 argon laser trabeculoplasties on 109 eyes in 84 patients over a two‐year period is reviewed. Control of glaucoma was achieved in 85%. There was correlation of a greater fall in intraocular pressure with initial height of intraocular pressure and degree of pigmentation of the angle. Gonioplasty proved an effective means of treating cases with a narrowed angle to gain access to the trabecular meshwork.
VISUAL DEPRIVATION IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: CLINICAL ASPECTS
Authors: BILLSON F. A. , FITZGERALD B. A. , PROVIS J. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effects of visual deprivation in 75 patients (14 children and one adult) were studied. The age of onset of deprivation and the significance of final visual outcome are discussed. Results indicate that a critically sensitive period in visual development occurs between approximately four months and three years of age, A period of plasticity, when the effects of deprivation are more responsive to therapy, follows. Age of onset of deprivation was found to be most important, but in addition loss of accommodation in association with deprivation may be a significant factor in the development of amblyopia.
THE VISUAL OUTCOME IN CASES OF NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA
Authors: MOLTENO A. C. B. , HADDAD P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe visual outcome of cases of neovascular glaucoma treated by draining implants has improved from 12% to 32% of eyes achieving a vision of 6/60 or better. The main factor responsible for this improvement has been the recognition that, in neovascular glaucoma, the retinal blood vessels are not capable of autoregulation of calibre in response to changes in intraocular pressure and ophthalmic artery perfusion pressure. The consequences of this situation are discussed and the importance of early treatment of neovascular glaucoma by a combination of photocoagulation, insertion of a draining implant and medical measures to improve the circulation where possible is emphasized.
LASER TRABECULOPLASTY AND ITS EFFECT ON TONOGRAPHY, CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS, AND ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH. A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: BOOTH FRANCES M. , FRANCIS IAN C. , KAPPAGODA MEDDUMA B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA preliminary study of ten patients with glaucoma, each of whom has undergone laser trabeculoplasty to one or both eyes, is presented. Tonography‐on‐treatment was performed on each patient approximately four weeks prior to laser, and repeated approximately ten weeks afterwards. Central fields and anterior chamber depth measurements before and after laser trabeculoplasty are also presented.Intraocular pressures fell by a mean of 12.34 mm (SD±8.5, range 3–23) in all 12 lasered eyes. Central fields improved in ten eyes, and the anterior chamber of treated eyes became shallower by an average of 0.27 mm, compared with untreated eyes (p<0.05). Po/C values improved in 11 treated eyes. Very little attempt was made to alter medical treatment during the period outlined above.
AN EVALUATION OF SIGNS IN OCULAR MYASTHENIA GRAVIS AND CORRELATION WITH ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES
Authors: FRANCIS IAN C. , NICHOLSON GARTH A. , KAPPAGODA MEDDUMA B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifteen patients with ocular myasthenia gravis were examined in detail for 21 different signs, and tested for acetylcholine receptor antibodies. The major signs of ocular myasthenia gravis included ptosis, disorders of ocular rotations, weakness of eyelid closure, “pseudosupranuclear” signs and the lid twitch sign. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies were found in eight of the 15 patients. One hundred and four normal, non‐myasthenic patients were also examined for the lid twitch response, and the relationship between the lid twitch of ocular myasthenia gravis and that found in normal subjects is discussed.
ALTERNATIVES TO ENUCLEATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHOROIDAL MELANOMA
Authors: FOULDS WALLACE S. , DAMATO BERTIL E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver the past 15 years 140 patients with choroidal melanoma have been treated by local surgical resection of the tumour. The method appears worth considering for tumours up to 15 mm in diameter not involving more than one‐third of the ciliary body. Sixty percent of patients retained useful vision and 25% good vision. Eighty‐two percent retained a cosmetically satisfactory eye. The total tumour‐related mortality in this group of patients was 9%. almost all of the 12 patients dying having had tumours larger than would now be recommended for local resection. The five‐year survival rate among patients undergoing local resection was 84%.Low‐energy long‐exposure laser has been used to treat a small number of choroidal tumours, The technique appears useful for tumours up to 10 mm in diameter and not more than 3 mm in thickness. Ruthenium plaque therapy has also been used in some cases and appears a suitable method of treatment for tumours up to 10 mm in diameter and not more than 6 mm in thickness.The options for conservative management of choroidal tumours are greater with small tumours than with large ones except in only eyes, tumours of over 15 mm in diameter are best treated with enucleation.The long‐term survival after all forms of conservative management has not yet been established. At present the use of controversial techniques such as local resection should be restricted to a few centres so that adequate statistical evaluation of the method may be made.
OCULAR LEPROSY: A CASE REPORT AND DISCUSSION OF THE PATHOLOGY
Authors: HOUSE PHILIP H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough leprosy IS considered rare in Australia outside the Northern Aboriginal population, its presence within Indian and Southeast Asian migrant groups must be considered A case of ocular leprosy is presented in which the definitive diagnosis was delayed because lid changes had been diagnosed as senile ectropion The pathology of ocular leprosy is discussed, together with relevant therapeutic considerations.
CONGENITAL LOWER NASOLACRIMAL DUCT ANOMALY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: LOWE D. , MARTIN F. , BECKENHAM E. , WILLIAMS B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA congenital anomaly of the nasolacrimal system not previously described is reported. The apposition of the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct was not with the nasal cavity as normally occurs prior to birth but to the external skin. As a result the child presented with difficulty with tear drainage and consequent infection —“neonatal conjunctivitis” followed by a facial abscess at the left lower border of the nose.Recent embryological studies1,2 suggest that this anomaly is due to failure of complete separation and migration of the epithelial rod most distal from the surface ectoderm to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity. This distal remnant of the nasolacrimal duct thus remains juxtaposed to the surface ectoderm of the face on the lateral aspect of the alar nares.The modern concept of the embryological development of the nasolacrimal system is reviewed.
INVOLUTIONAL PTOSIS
Authors: COLLIN J. R. O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractInvolutional ptosis was corrected by either an anterior or posterior approach in 105 eyelids The posterior approach was preferred unless there was a specific indication for the anterior approach which included excess skin and bulky eyelids At operation approximately 10% of cases were found to have fatty degenerative changes in the anterior part of the levator muscle These changes were associated with a relatively normal skin crease, bulky eyelids, lateral displacement of the tarsus, and a more marked ptosis in the medial part of the lid A second procedure was required in 14 eyelids to achieve eyelid heights which remained within approximately 1 mm of each other for the follow up period, which extended to eight years.
A FAMILY OF SQUINTS: THE DIFFERING EFFECTS OF HYPERMETROPIA ON FOUR SIBLINGS
Authors: HILTON ALAN F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour siblings in a famil of five were found to be affected with hypermetropia in differing degrees and with differing effects. dese were (i) unilateral hypermetropia, producing amblyopia; (ii) hypermetropia inducing an accommodative esotropia with minimal amblyopia and fully controlled with glasses; (iii) hypermetropia producing an accommodative esotropia with a high AC/A ratio, fully controlled with bifocals; and (iv) hypermetropia producing esotropia which was only partially corrected with glasses, therefore partially accommodative, with a residual squint which required surgery.This family of four nicely demonstrates all the permutations and combinations possible in accommodative‐type esotropia and the piifalls therein.
OBJECTIVE TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL ACUITY ASSESSMENT IN INFANCY
Authors: HOYT CRElG S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree primary techniques for objective assessment of visual acuity m the preverbal infant are variations of optokinetic nystagmus, forced preferential looking and visual evoked potentials. Although these tests are useful, the clinician must be aware of their shortcomings.Failure to evoke optokinetic nystagmus may reflect the infant's lack of interest in the stimulus, an inherently uninteresting stimulus, or a defect in the motor system generating the nystagmus, other than failure to see the stimulus.Forced choice preferential looking has provided useful information about visual development in perverbal infants. The need for more complex stimuli to yield more precise estimates of acuity than the standard grating stimuli, especially in cases of amblyopia, is discussed.Visual evoked potentials, like forced preferential looking, may grossly overestimate the acuity of the amblyopic patient. Of the techniques discussed, it holds the most promise.
EVALUATION OF SODIUM CROMOGLYCATE AND MEDRYSONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ATOPIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS: A DOUBLE MASKED CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: VAJPAYEE R. B. , GUPTA S. K. , UPPAL R. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of topical sodium cromolycate and medrysone was evaluated in 38 patients suffering from atopic keratoconjunctivitis. It was found that medrysone (1%) signifmntly improved the symptoms of itching, watering. photophobia and hyperaemia, while sodium cromoglycate (2%) was found to be ineffective. Tear prostaglandin E2 and histamine levels did not decrease significantly after sodium cromoglycate therapy. The findings of the present study reveal that sodium cromoglycate has no significant role in the management of atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
PHOTOKERATOSCOPY: SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE TECHNIQUE
Authors: WISE GORDON M. , OSBORN JONATHAN E. , ZWART PETER R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSome theoretical limitations of photokeratoscopy associated with the quantification of keratograms are discussed.Representative keratograms of normal and abnormal corneas are presented to illustrate the practical limitations of any mire imaging technique.
A HOSPITAL RENTAL SYSTEM FOR LOW VISION AIDS
Authors: SANDERSON G. F. , CUMMlNG A. E. , POLKINGHORNE P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCostly low vision aids are rented to patients by the Otago Hospital Board Occupational therapists see the patients in the Low Vision Clinic and then as necessary in their homes As a consequence accurate follow‐up and analysis of the help provided by these aids is available Patients with senile macular degeneration use telescopic reading aids for an average of 27 months after they are prescribed
EFFICACY OF MICONAZOLE IN EXPERIMENTAL KERATOMYCOSIS
Authors: GUPTA S. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFor the first time comparative efficacy of 1 % miconazole in ointment base and drops has been evaluated against Candida, Aspergillus and Fusarium organisms In experimental heratomycosis. The findings of the present study reveal that miconazole in ointment drug delivery system has the advantage of being more effective in healing the fungal ulcers and associated lesions. It requires much less frequent application than drops, a parameter of great importance in improving patient compliance. Miconazole ointment was well tolerated by the rabbit eye and produced no ocular or systemic toxicity. The present study confirms that miconazole is a broad‐spectrum antifungal agent and it could be a better alternative to presently available drugs to treat human heratomycosis.
MOLTENO TUBE IMPLANTS: LONG‐TERM RESULTS
Authors: WARD W. J. , COOPER R. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Molteno implant is a well recognised method of treating end‐stage secondary glaucoma Several variations of the technique have been described in the literature, but few reports of long‐term studies have been published This paper reports the results of a series of patients followed for two to six years. Indications for the procedure and results are put forward
PREVENTING A HIGH RISE IN INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AFTER LASER TRABECULOPLASTY
Authors: BROOKS ANNE M. V. , ELDER JAMES , MCNAB ALAN A. , McCOMBE MARK F. , MADHOK PRADEEP , GILLIES W. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract The high rise in pressure which sometimes follows laser trabeculoplasty is a serious and sight‐threatening complication in patients with advanced glaucoma. In a previous study we found that patients undergoing laser trabeculoplasty were very unlikely to have a high rise in pressure if the initial pressure was less than 20 mmHg. In the present study a series of patients was given acetazolamide 500 mg immediately before laser trabeculoplasty if their pressures were greater than 20 mmHg. All patients were then monitored to see if this regime was effective in preventing a serious rise in intraocular pressure. Some of the patients with an initial pressure less than 20 mmHg still sustained a high rise in pressure after laser trabeculoplasty. A further series of patients was then given acetazolamide preoperatively and the postoperative rise in pressure was monitored two and 24 hours after trabeculoplasty. The acetazolamide prevented a high rise in pressure after laser trabeculoplasty in the majority of patients.
BETAXOLOL EYE DROPS AS A SAFE MEDICATION TO LOWER INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
Authors: BROOKS ANNE M. V. , GILLIES W. E. , WEST ROBERT H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Betaxolol, a cardioselective beta,‐adrenergic antagonist, was used in a clinical trial in nine patients with glaucoma and chronic obstructive airways disease to assess its patient acceptance, and its effect on intraocular pressure, respiratory function, corneal and tear function. Betaxolol was well tolerated by all patients with no adverse symptoms. It significantly lowered intraocular pressure (p = 0.03) with no significant change in respiratory function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), mean mid expiratory flow rate (MMEFR) and vital capacity). Although there was a tendency to decreased wetting with Schirmer 1, decreased breakup time and increased corneal staining with Rose Bengal, this was not statistically significant in this small series. We confirmed the previously reported efficacy and safety of betaxolol in patients with glaucoma and airways disease with satisfactory patient acceptance.
OCULOMOTOR NERVE PALSY IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: KEITH C. GREGORY 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Oculomotor nerve palsy was found in 28 children. Trauma was the cause in seven, infection in six. while tumour, poison and migraine were each responsible for one case. Twelve cases were cryptogenic: eight of these were present at birth (but three were probably due to birth trauma), and four cases appeared in infancy, but with no cause found even on full neuroradiological investigation. Among these 12 cases the pupil was large in only three, normal in four and small in five. Cyclic spasms were not seen in this series. Among the five congenital cases associated abnormalities including spina bifida, Goldenhar's syndrome and developmental delay were found in four. Acquired palsy does not seem to have a sinister significance.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF HYPROMELLOSE IN OCULAR IMPLANT SURGERY
Authors: ROSEN P. A. , BROOKS A. M. V. , RAMSAY R. J. , GULLIFER K. P. , WOLFE R. J. B. , GILLIES W. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract In order to assess the efficacy of hypromellose as a viscoelastic substance in cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, we studied a series of 88 cases who underwent surgery with either alternate use of a viscoelastic substance (hypromellose, 39 patients, or sodium hyaluronate, 5 patients) or air (44 patients) in the anterior chamber. Endothelial cell loss was least in the group in which air was used (18 ± 3% cell loss, mean ± SEM), compared with hypromellose (26 ± 3%) and sodium hyaluronate (28 ± 6%), but the difference in percentage cell loss between the groups did not reach statistical significance. Some operative difficulties were encountered in both groups. In both the air and hypromellose groups there were two patients with an early postoperative rise in intraocular pressure, but this was easily controlled, and in both groups there were two patients with postoperative corneal oedema which soon cleared. Viscoelastic substances used in this study were not shown to be superior to air in protecting the corneal endothelium. For this reason use of hypromellose should be confined to situations where its use is likely to confer some special advantage, as in the presence of a bound‐down pupil in patient's with chronic glaucoma or perhaps to facilitate “in the bag” implantation.
QUALITY CONTROL ISSUES IN MODERN CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: O'DAY DENIS M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Modern extracapsular cataract surgery is considerably more complex than the previous intracapsular procedure Intraocular manipulations are required, and solutions and products must be introduced into the eye Due to the shift to ambulatory surgery, modern cataract surgery is also being performed in a difficult and more dangerous environment In these circumstances, sterility and product quality may be compromised when a lack of appropriate surveillance techniques leads to the use of defective products in surgery The modern cataract surgeon must, therefore, become knowledgeable about infect/on and quality control procedures In the operating room, and also about details of manufacture and industrial standards applicable to the products used in eye surgery
LAMININ‐LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN INDUCED NEW VESSELS IN KITTEN AND MOUSE EYES
Authors: GOLE GLEN A. , BELFORD DAVID A. , RUSH ROBERT A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Laminin is a basement membrane glycoprotein, widely distributed in body tissues. It has been found on capillary basement membranes in both developing and adult retinal vessels. Oxygen‐induced retinopathy was produced in kittens and mice by exposing them to a high oxygen environment during the newborn period. When the animals developed a proliferative retinopathy after a period of survival in room air, they were sacrificed and the eyes enucleated and embedded in paraffin wax. Cross‐sections were cut and de‐waxed. After preliminary digestion with pepsin, we used a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FlTC)‐ labelled double antibody technique to identify laminin‐like immunoreactivity (LLlR). LLIR was found on both intravitreal and intraretinal new vessels in the kitten and mouse, indicating that it is probably secreted by endothelial cells during the formation of pathological new vessels.
ABNORMAL CORNEAS MEASURED BY A NEW PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: M. Wise GORDON , E. Osborn JONATHAN , R. Zwart PETER 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe limitations of keratometry and photokeratoscopy are briefly discussed. A new photogrammetric technique of measuring corneal topography is described. Contours and cross‐sections of abnormal corneas are presented to illustrate the scope and application of the new technique.
REVERSIBLE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL CHANGES IN DISEASES OF THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Authors: M. v. Brooks ANNE , Grant GLENYS , Gillies W. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract We have demonstrated the reversibility of corneal endothelial changes which accompany superficial keratopathy (superficial punctate keratitis, exposure keratopathy, chemical keratopathy and keratocon‐juncitivits sicca). stromal keratitis and anterior uveitis (predominantly iridocyclitis). These changes include small subendothelial dark areas equal to or less than one cell in diameter and larger subendothelial dark areas up to two to four cells in diameter. These dark areas are similar but form two groups. The smaller ones may be due to oedema, some developing into larger dark areas, but it is also possible that smaller dark areas represent inflammatory cells or even local destruction of endothelial cells. The larger dark areas elevate the overlying endothelium. Either may be very numerous. They may be present together or separately. They become much less numerous and disappear with resolution or suppression of the acute keratitis or uveitis. The relief mode of corneal specular microscopy was used to distinguish these dark areas from other inflammatory and degenerative changes (such as fine inflammatory deposits. larger keratic precipitates, pigment deposits and guttatae at the level of the corneal endothelium).