bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler assessment of renal blood flow velocity waveforms in the anemic fetus before and after intravascular transfusion for severe red cell alloimmunization
Authors: Mari Giancarlo , Moise Kenneth J. , Deter Russell L. , Carpenter Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImage‐directed pulsed Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated a decrease in the pulsatility index of the renal artery in 9 anemic fetuses (less than 30 weeks, menstrual age) soon after intravascular transfusion. The pulsatility index returned to pretransfusion values the day following the transfusion. End diastolic blood velocity in the renal artery could not be measured before the transfusion, was detectable immediately after the procedure, and was again nonmeasurable one day after the transfusion. These data suggest an increase in renal blood flow in the anemic fetus soon after intravascular transfusion to eliminate excess fluid.
Echogenic renal pyramids in children
Authors: Jequier Sigrid , Kaplan Bernard S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of 68 children with increased medullary echogenicity on renal ultrasound (US) examination showed nephrocalcinosis to be present in 42 patients. The cause was believed to be iatrogenic in 30 and noniatrogenic in 12. Furosemide therapy was responsible for 11 of the cases of iatrogeic nephrocalcinosis and vitamin D therapy for the remaining iatrogenic cases.Noniatrogenic nephrocalcinosis was seen with hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, renal tubular acidosis and dystrophic calcification following renal tubular necrosis.In 26 patients, medullary deposits of urates or proteins, medullary fibrosis, or vascular congestion (due to a variety of diseases) appeared to account for the finding. The possibilities should be added to the differential diagnosis of hyperechoic renal pyramids when nephrocalcinosis is unlikely.
The role of sonography in the diagnosis and management of urachal abscesses
Authors: Wan Yung‐Liang , Lee Tze‐Yu , Tsai Chung‐Chueng , Chen Shyr‐Ming Sheen , Chou Fong‐Fu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen cases of urachal abscess were studied with sonography. Their configurations were cone shaped in 11 cases, tubular in 4, curved club shaped, and oval and irregular in one each. Their complications, such as intraperitoneal spread, chronic cystitis, and adhesion to the omentum or the colon, could also be suggested by ultrasonography. Gas was found in 50% of the lesions, which were all larger than 1 cm in diameter. An abscess smaller than 1.2 cm in diameter (which can be as long as 5 cm) can be treated with antibiotics or incision and drainage without total excision. A lesion within the extraperitoneal fat space of abdominal wall at the midline below umbilicus suggests the diagnosis of urachal abscess in cases of umbilical discharge and/or when the lesion extends to the umbilicus.
Fetal loss rate after ultrasonically documented cardiac activity between 6 and 14 weeks, menstrual age
Authors: Hill Lyndon M. , Guzick David , Fries Joanne , Hixson Joyce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pregnancy outcome of 347 patients with a confirmed, viable intrauterine pregnancy between 6.0 and 14.0 weeks, menstrual age, was determined. The miscarriage rate was 4.2% in a subgroup of patients without vaginal bleeding, as compared with 12.7% in a subgroup with bleeding (χ2 = 7.4, p < 0.006). First trimester vaginal bleeding was a significant covariate in the determination of the spontaneous miscarriage rate after fetal cardiac activity has been confirmed.
Liver hemodynamic flow balance by image‐directed Doppler ultrasound evaluation in normal subjects
Authors: Bombelli Luigia , Genitoni Valerio , Biasi Salvatore , Materazzo Carlo , Bonfanti Giuliano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImage‐directed Doppler ultrasonography of main hepatic vessels (hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava (IVC) was performed in 22 healthy volunteers, 20 years to 65 years of age. For each vessel an estimate was made of the diameter, velocity time interval (VTI), volume blood flow in relation to heart rate (stroke volume in L/min/beat), and body size (blood flow index in L/min/m2 body surface area). Moreover, a hemodynamic hepatic balance to define a range of values in normal population was described. The summation of flow of hepatic veins and IVC flow, just over renal veins, (= IVC subhepatic flow) was significantly correlated with the IVC flow rate before entrance into the atrium (R2 = 0.90). Hepatic artery flux plus portal vein flux plus subhepatic vein flux was also related to IVC flux before right atrium entrance (R2 = 0.92).This study confirms the utility and efficiency of Doppler ultrasonography in understanding liver flow hemodynamic balance.
Quantitative texture analysis in echocardiography: Application to the diagnosis of myocarditis
Authors: Ferdeghini Ezio Maria , Pinamonti Bruno , Picano Eugenio , Lattanzi Fabio , Bussani Rossana , Slavich Gianni , Benassi Antonio , Camerini Fulvio , Landini Luigi , L'Abbate Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAltered myocardial texture associated with inflammatory infiltration or fibrosis of the myocardium has already been described using qualitative and subjective analysis of two‐dimensional echocardiograms. The aim of this work is to test whether quantitative analysis of regional image texture in two‐dimensional echocardiograms would be an accurate method to identify myocarditis and myocardial fibrosis. A set of 20 two‐dimensional studies with endomyocardial biopsy evaluation was examined in 13 patients. Biopsy‐proven myocarditis was present in 8 studies; myocarditis and fibrosis in 4; fibrosis in 3; healing/healed myocarditis in 5. A control group of 8 normal subjects was also studied by echocardiography. After quantitative texture analysis of the first order, entropy appeared to consistently differentiate myocarditis from controls. Among second‐order parameters, patients affected by myocarditis or fibrosis showed a decreased entropy and higher angular second moment versus controls.We conclude that myocarditis and fibrosis induce similar image texture alterations in ultrasonic images, with increased spatial heterogeneity of the gray level distribution, which can be differentiated from normal structures with digital image analysis techniques.
Definition of normal female pelvic floor anatomy using ultrasonographic techniques
Authors: Benson J. Thomas , Sumners James E. , Pittman J. Scott 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrogynecology deals with anatomic and physiologic defects of the female pelvic floor, including urinary and anal incontinence. Ultrasonographic investigation of the female pelvic floor may be helpful in diagnosis and management of both symptom complexes. To interpret pelvic floor ultrasound studies, normal parameters are necessary. Ten asymptomatic control subjects were studied for internal and external anal closing pressures, anal‐rectal angles, puborectalis muscle movement, position of urethral egress, and amount and direction of urethrovesical junction mobility. Means and standard deviations for each parameter were obtained. Comparison to studies performed during the same time interval on patients symptomatic for urinary or anal incontinence is discussed.
Ultrasonographic studies on abdominal complications in patients receiving marrow‐ablative chemotherapy and bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Dohmen Kazufumi , Harada Mine , Ishibashi Hiromi , Taniguchi Shuichi , Kudo Jiro , Shimamura Ryuji , Niho Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbdominal complications were evaluated with ultrasonography in 20 patients who received marrow‐ablative chemotherapy and bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Ultrasonographic findings compatible with veno‐occlussive disease of the liver, cytomegalovirus infection of the colon, hepatic lesion of graft‐versus‐host disease, and cyclophosphamide‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis were demonstrated in 6 of these patients. In addition, ascites, pleural effusion, gall bladder wall thickening, and hepatosplenomegaly were easily detected. Since ultrasonography is noninvasive and can be repeated, ultrasonographic studies are useful for evaluating and monitoring abdominal complications which are frequently encountered in these transplant patients.
Doppler waveforms in the renal arteries of normal children
Authors: Friedman Deborah M. , Schacht Robert G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood velocity waveforms in peripheral arteries vary such that decreasing vascular resistance results in a relative increase in diastolic velocity at steady state. We measured blood velocity in renal arteries of 20 children (age: 119 months ± 37 months; weight: 38 kg ± 15 kg) to establish normal values, and to explore the relationship between these waveforms and central hemodynamics. Using image‐directed pulsed Doppler echocardiography, M‐mode measurements and cardiac index were recorded. Renal hila were visualized via the flank for Doppler sampling. Peak systolic velocity (A) and minimal diastolic velocity (B) were determined. The results (mean ± SD) were as follows: Renal artery A/B = 2.9 ± 0.74 (range 1.9 to 5.1). Characteristic waveforms were identical bilaterally and had continuous diastolic foward flow: A/B was independent of central hemodynamics within the resting normal range, varying inversely with age and size.
The slit infrahepatic IVC: Pathologic entity or normal variant?
Authors: Rak Kevin M. , Hopper Kenneth D. , Tyler Harry N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA common finding on abdominal ultrasound and CT examinations is variation in the size of the inferior vena cava (IVC). On occasion the infrahepatic IVC even assumes a slit‐like appearance. Though commonly related to respiratory change and to the degrees of intra‐abdominal pressure, some have claimed the slit‐IVC may be an indicator of hypovolemia. To study this phenomenon, we evaluated prospectively the IVC in 26 normal volunteers. These individuals were studied supine by dynamic image ultrasound at end‐inspiration, end‐expiration, and during the Valsalva maneuver. The size of the IVC was maximal with the patient supine and at end‐inspiration (A–P 1.8 cm). The subhepatic IVC decreased in size at end‐expiration (A–P 1.2 cm) and frequently collapsed with the Valsalva maneuver (A–P 0.7 cm). Dramatic changes in the size of the IVC with changes in ventilation are normal variants. The use of the slit‐IVC to diagnose hypovolemia should be done with caution.
Ultrasonographic appearance of dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the head and neck
Authors: Yasumoto Mayumi , Shibuya Hitoshi , Gomi Naoya , Kasuga Tsutomu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonographic features of 6 histologically proven dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the head and neck are reported. All 6 cysts had internal echoes, with a solid appearance. Five of the 6 were echogenic, with only slight or no posterior echo enhancement. Amorphous keratinous debris from keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium filled the lumen of each cyst, producing the internal echoes. Most of the true solid tumors examined were generally of lower echogenicity, and could be differentiated from dermoid and epidermoid cysts ultrasonographically, although lipomas were indistinguishable from these cysts.
Ophthalmic and cerebral blood flow velocities in preterm infants: Influence of ambient lighting conditions
Authors: Baerts Willem , Valentin Ria A. C. , Sauer Pieter J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDoppler ultrasound was used to study ophthalmic and middle cerebral artery flow velocities at different ambient lighting conditions in 28 preterm infants in the first week of life. We found significant increases of ophthalmic and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities when ambient light was increased from moderate to intense. Flow velocities in the ophthalmic artery increased significantly more than in the middle cerebral artery. Doppler ultrasound studies of ophthalmic blood flow velocity may assist in answering the intriguing question whether light‐induced changes of ocular perfusion play a role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity.
Sjogren syndrome: Comparison of sialography and ultrasonography
Authors: Takashima Shodayu , Morimoto Shizuo , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Takeuchi Noriyuki , Ikezoe Junpei , Kozuka Takahiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography and sialography of parotid glands were prospectively performed on 30 patients with Sjogren syndrome and follow‐up ultrasonography was done on 12 patients. Ultrasonography revealed multiple hypoechoic areas (MHA) 2 mm to 5 mm in diameter within the glands in 43% of the patients with intermediate severity of the disease, either homogeneous or slightly nonhomogeneous parotid glands in patients with early stage of the disease, and marked nonhomogeneous glands in patients with advanced diseases. Follow‐up ultrasonography showed MHA in one patient, reduction in nonhomogeneity in another three, and no interval changes in the remaining cases. Pathologic studies suggested that MHA represent enlarged parotid lobules replaced by lymphocytic infiltration. We suggest that MHA are characteristic of Sjogren syndrome and that ultrasonography is useful in following the course of the disease and response to treatment.
Measurement of femoral torsion with ultrasound: Evaluation of a new technique using reference lines on the posterior surface of the femur
Authors: Kumar V. , Joseph Benjamin , Verghese Jacob , Ghosh M. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technique of measuring femoral torsion employing reference lines on the posterior surface of the femur has been described. This technique was evaluated on 27 dry adult femora and then on 40 adult patients. The technique was found to be reliable and reproducible. The values of femoral torsion obtained by this technique is lower than that obtained when anterior reference lines are used.
Sonographic detection of stones in poorly opacified left intrahepatic ducts
Authors: Changchien Chi‐Sin , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Tai Dar‐In , Chiou Shiah‐Shien , Kuo Chung‐Huang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntrahepatic duct (IHD) stone is a common disease in Taiwan. In some cases, left IHD stones cannot be demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or even by percutaneous cholangiography (PTC). This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sonography in demonstrating left IHD stones in poorly opacified left IHD by either ERC or PTC.Of 109 patients with hyperechoic nodular lesions in either the dilated left IHD or atrophic left lobe of the liver, with or without acoustic shadows, 49 patients were excluded because they refused further study. Among the remainder (60 patients), 33 patients had good opacification of left IHD in ERC or PTC. Stones were seen in 31 patients, and tumor obstruction in 2 patients. Twenty‐seven patients had complete or partial absence of the left IHD in cholangiograms. Stones were found at surgery in 23 patients and by CT scan in 3 patients. Mucin‐producing cholangiocarcinoma was found in 1 patient.The positive predictive value of the demonstration of stones in left IHD by ulrasound was 95% (57/60). Only 15% of patients with atrophy of the left hepatic lobe and stones were demonstrated by sonogram in this series. We conclude that the detection of left IHD stones by ultrasound in patients with poor opacification of the left IHD in cholangiograms is reliable procedure.
Assessment of value of pancreatic pseudocyst amylase concentration in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts by percutaneous evacuation
Authors: Duvnjak Marko , Vucelić Borislav , Rotkvić Ivo , Sikirić Predrag , Brkić Tomislav , Banić Marko , Troskot Branko , Supanc Vladimir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of our study was to determine the value of the percutaneous pancreatic pseudocyst evacuation. We assessed the relation between the amylase concentration of the pseudocyst contents and the final outcome of the disease treated by the percutaneous evacuation.Forty‐three patients with a history of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocysts larger than 5 cm in diameter that persisted beyond 6 weeks were divided into four groups relative to the amylase concentration in the pseudocystic contents and the number of evacuations. The results show a good correlation between low amylase concentration in the liquid pseudocystic contents (less than or equal to 64 WU) and the healing rate after the percutaneous evacuation (p < 0.001).The percutaneous evacuation of the pseudocysts failed in patients with increased amylase concentrations in the pseudocyst fluid regardless of the number of evacuations.We conclude that surgical treatment is indicated in patients who have amylase‐rich pseudocyst contents.
Color and conventional image‐directed Doppler ultrasonography: Accuracy and sources of error in quantitative blood flow measurements
Authors: Ranke Carsten , Hendrickx Philippe , Roth Ulrich , Brassel Friedhelm , Creutzig Andreas , Alexander Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAccuracy of two systems—conventional (DRF 400, Diasonics) and colorcoded (Angiodynograph, Quantum/Phillips) image‐directed Doppler ultrasonography—was investigated using an in vitro model that generated both monophasic and triphasic pulsatile flow patterns. Estimated and actual blood volume flow rates showed good correlations, but the sampling with a hand‐held transducer led to wide variations in measurement error for the conventional (−69.2% to 50%) and the colorcoded (−79.3% to 265.7%) systems. By performing multiple measurements, one could improve accuracy considering only the maximal values of a series instead of the mean values. Accuracy was impaired by interposed muscular or fatty tissue due to false low time‐average velocity measurements caused by a loss of Doppler signal. Comparison of both systems revealed significant differences between pulsatility index values (p < 0.001), blood flow velocities (p < 0.001), and blood volume flow rates (p < 0.05 for program flow, p < 0.001 for manual and automatic flow program of the color‐coded system).
Doppler echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output in man using mitral annulus method
Authors: Shimamoto Hiroyuki , Shimamoto Yoriko , Kito Hiroyuki , Kawazoe Kohei , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Mitsunori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mitral inflow method of measuring cardiac output with pulsed Doppler two‐dimensional echocardiography was developed and validated against the thermodilution technique in 42 patients. A mitral inflow method combined the velocity of left ventricular inflow at the mitral annulus (apical long‐axis view) with the cross‐sectional area of the annulus calculated from its diameter (parasternal long‐axis view). A good correlation was observed between thermodilution and Doppler measurements of cardiac output (r = 0.93). The ratio of Doppler measurements to thermodilution measurements will be between 0.76 and 1.15 for about 95% of cases. There was a good correlation between percentage change in thermal cardiac output and those in Doppler cardiac output (r = 0.95); the limits of agreement were −11.5% to 10.5%, suggesting that this method can be most useful for assessing relative changes in cardiac output.
Mathematical modeling of fetal splenic growth: Use of the rossavik growth model
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Deter Russell L. , Aoki Showa , Makihara Ken , Hata Kohkichi , Kitao Manabu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of the fetal spleen has been monitored by measurements of the maximal length (SL), profile circumference (SC), and profile area (SA) of the spleen, from 20 weeks to 41 weeks, menstrual age. Growth curves for these parameters have been determined using a specially developed growth curve model [P = c(t)k + s (t)]. R2 values of 94.3%, 94.9%, and 96.3% were obtained for SL, SC, and SA, respectively. Variability analysis indicated some progressive increase in variability with menstrual age for these three parameters. Variability data were used with the growth curve models to determine standard curves for SL, SC, and SA. These standard curves provide a superior means for evaluating the normal splenic growth in the fetus and for identifying splenic abnormalities in utero.
Growth standards for anatomic measurements and growth rates derived from longitudinal studies of normal fetal growth
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Harrist Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA statistical procedure for deriving growth standards for anatomic measurements and their growth rates from longitudinal studies of fetal growth was evaluated using Rossavik growth models for the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur diaphysis length (FDL) determined in a previous study of normal fetal growth. For each anatomic parameter, the coefficients c and s of the model was used to define a set of growth curves that constituted the boundary growth curves of a region containing 95% of the growth curves of this data set. The set of boundary growth curves was used to specify the mean, lower limit, and upper limit values for the anatomic parameter and its growth rate at weekly intervals between 14 and 38 weeks, menstrual age.Comparison of these values to those determined from cross‐sectional studies of fetal growth gave differences of −1.9% to 4.8% (SD: ±0.9 to ±2.6) for mean vs. predicted value of the anatomic measurements. For the lower limit, similar values were 0.4% to 13.8% (SD: ± 1.7 to ±8.8); for the upper limit the values were 8.3% to 18.0% (SD: ±1.5 to ±7.0). Comparisons of HC growth rates determined using polynomial and Rossavik growth models gave values of −3.4% (SD: ±4.4) for mean vs. predicted value, −12.6% (SD: ±10.6) for the lower limit and 5.2% (SD: ±9.3) for the upper limit. The degree of agreement was similar for AC growth rates. These results indicate that reasonable growth standards for anatomic measurements and their growth rates can be determined from longitudinal studies of as few as 20 normal fetuses, although better estimates of normal variability could be obtained with a larger sample.
Incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma: Role of ultrasonography
Authors: Porena Massimo , Vespasiani Giuseppe , Rosi Paolo , Costantini Elisabetta , Virgili Guido , Mearini Ettore , Micali Francesco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe widespread use of modern diagnostic imaging techniques, especially computed tomography and sonography, has led to the detection of an increasing number of serendipitous renal neoplasms, with no signs nor symptoms related to the neoplastic renal disease. In the last 4 years, 54 consecutive patients (20 females and 34 males) with renal cell carcinoma were reviewed. In 26 patients (48.15 per cent) the diagnosis was made as an incidental finding by an abdominal ultrasound examination. Clear signs and symptoms related to the neoplastic disease were present in 28 cases (51.85 per cent). The pathologic type of each neoplasm was categorized, and each carcinoma was staged. In the patients not surgically treated, the stage was determined on the basis of the diagnostic imaging reports. The results of this study suggest that the incidentally detected tumors are of a significantly lower stage than the symptomatic tumors (Wilcoxon rank sum test: P < 0.0073 and X2 test: P < 0.013). Early detection of renal tumors may improve the prognosis and the overall survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma and allow one to plan radical or partial nephrectomy, since local extension has a considerable impact on the operative strategy. Our experience emphasizes the role of ultrasound in the increased early detection of renal cell carcinoma.