bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Afterlife of Race
Authors: McPherson Lionel K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This groundbreaking fusion of philosophy and color-conscious politics enlists sweeping historical and empirical evidence to challenge fascination with the race concept. The analysis illuminates why social lineage matters far more than any “race” thing ever could, and why race ideology-rhetoric is more a distraction from gross injustice than a primary source. The Western label “black” was merely a figurative description for African peoples and African ancestry. The idea of continental races came later—with philosophers, theologians, and eventually scientists adding some elusive racial factor to visible continental ancestry. McPherson argues that the race concept’s main business was to sponsor absurd pretexts for Western slavery and colonialism, and their active legacies of nonrepair. Rejecting endless debate about the possible nature of race, he unpacks how color categories in America are a caste device that marked Europe-identified (white) freedom versus Africa-identified (black) enslavement. This caste reframing paves the way for a de-raced account of Black American national specificity and political solidarity, distinct from flat blackness and “people of color” generality. The Afterlife of Race concludes with a progressive vision of justice and social equality for descendants of American slavery: whatever their color, persons of conscience in the United States would prioritize dismantling their country’s foundational caste system, with its permanent wealth and well-being divide between White and Black America.
Under the Spell of Freedom
Authors: Joas Hans 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
How do the history of religion and the history of political freedom relate to each other? The variety of views on this subject in philosophy, the humanities and social sciences, and the public is broad and confusing. But the grandiose synthesis in which Hegel brought together Christianity and political freedom is still an enormous source of orientation for many—despite or even because of the influential provocations of Friedrich Nietzsche. However, in the religious thinking of the twentieth century, a different view has developed, as will be shown in this book. It is based on a conception of history that is more open to the future and on a concept of freedom that is richer than that of Hegel. Using sixteen selected thinkers, the author elaborates this new understanding of religion and freedom, which is neither intellectualistically truncated nor Eurocentrically narrow. The result is a forceful plea for a global history of moral universalism.
Innovation and Competitiveness
Authors: Azzoni Carlos , Tessarin Milene 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of innovation and technological capability in the context of Latin American regional development. Focusing on the Brazilian case, a comparative analysis is performed to identify the innovative potential of regions and its determinants. The analysis also seeks to understand whether spatial disparities in innovative potential are increasing or diminishing. It is established that important drivers of regions’ innovative potential include per capita income, the degree of industrialization, and the proportion of large companies. Perhaps surprisingly, the chapter finds that spatial disparities in terms of innovative potential have been falling in Brazil. This is largely due to the impacts of public policy, though progress has been very slow. Further pursuit of more spatially dispersed innovation could form an important contribution to resolving the middle-income trap.
Nepal
Authors: Michaels Axel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This book is a history of cultural, religious, and socio-political diversity in a landlocked state, squeezed between India and China (Tibet), a country with 125 ethnic groups and 123 languages and a plethora of religions, textual and art historical traditions, and power centers. It thus deals with transcultural histories of the regions, political claims and forms of organization, multiple and fluid identities, and cross-border transcultural, transreligious, and economic entanglements. It presents the infrastructure, the mountains along with the ever-threatening earthquakes, the importance of water reserves and forests. It deals with the different population groups and the resulting challenges such as migration, social hierarchies, caste, and the position of women. Another focus is on religions: Buddhism with its tantric Vajrayana, the strongly syncretic Hinduism, and the numerous folk religions. The political history is dealt with in a span from prehistoric times to the elections in 2022. In addition, the focus is on neglected topics that have so far hardly been dealt with in other histories, such as relations with India and China, land and administrative structures, the labor situation and slavery, democratization, and the Maoist movement as well as the lesser-known history of selected ethnic groups such as the Sherpa, Mustangi, or Rai-Limbu in eastern Nepal. A common thread running through the book is the question of how the country’s major challenges in terms of social conflicts, nationalization, infrastructure, education, migration, or divided forms of rule and political instability can be addressed without sacrificing the impressive ethnic and cultural diversity.
Scattered Power and Petty Kingdoms
Authors: Michaels Axel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the scattered power and small states in a period from prehistory until the fourteenth century. This period has only few sources and thus is widely clouded in darkness. However, there are indications of shared or dual rulership in many little kingdoms and certain cults such as Shivadharma and the worship of Matsyendranath and Gorakhnath came up. The Licchavi Period became important for preserving many inscriptions, Indian and Chinese contemporary reports, and art historical relicts. It has been a culture that shows features of later periods such as the reverence for Pashupati (Shiva) and religious syncretism. Also important is the Khasa Malla dynasty in western Nepal that flourished between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries.
Divided Rule
Authors: Michaels Axel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The chapter deals with the three rival Malla kingdoms in the Kathmandu Valley. It is also about the rich culture of the Newars, who have produced great achievements in literature, art, architecture, and crafts. It describes how the three city-kingdoms of Kantipur (Kathmandu), Bhadgaon (Bhaktapur), and Lalitpur (Patan) developed into the three power centers that alternated between alliance and enmity. The accomplishments of Malla kings, particularly Pratāpa Malla, are described, and the chapter details the autocratic system of administration used during the Malla Period. Finally, the different urban cultures of the royal capitals Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur with their art and architectural historical peculiarities, especially temples, palaces, and monasteries, are presented.
From Monarchy to Republic, 1951–Present
Authors: Michaels Axel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
From 1951 on, Nepal gradually turned into a democratic state. This was a long process with some hindrances and throwbacks. First the Śāha kings got back their absolute power but soon they experimented with a special form of democracy, the panchayat system. In the mid-1990s a Maoist movement became so strong that it led to the decline of the monarchy, especially after a massacre in the palace in 2001. A multi-party system and major reforms in administration, education, and law were established. In literature, arts, and music lively and innovative scenes developed. The period was initially characterized by tension and conflicts between king, prime minister, and Maoist leaders.
The Promise and Challenges of Dissemination and Implementation Research
Authors: Silver Michelle , Colditz Graham A. , Emmons Karen M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Given the growing emphasis on dissemination and implementation as a means to increase the efficiency of the research enterprise, public policy, and the services that provide these areas, refining methods that facilitate translation and implementation are imperative. Bringing the dissemination and implementation research community to a common understanding of answers to overarching questions is a necessary step. Then more consistent answers can be given to these questions: How will this information be gathered on effective interventions to form the evidence base? Will interventions be applicable to the setting? What methods should be used to decide what to disseminate or implement? Which implementation strategies will give the greatest impact on population health? What outcomes should be tracked to know if progress is being made? How long will it take to show progress, or when will it be observed? The methods and examples outlined in this book will help answer these and other important questions.
Historical Roots of Dissemination and Implementation Science
Authors: Dearing James W. , Kee Kerk F. , Peng Tai-Quan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the evolution of diffusion of innovations theory and how concepts from that paradigm as well as knowledge utilization and technology transfer research have contributed to the evidence-based medicine and evidence-based public health emphases in dissemination and implementation research. It also covers methods of studying how innovations are adopted. The authors suggest that dissemination and implementation researchers and practitioners will continue to find relevance and applicability of these earlier research traditions as they seek ways to study and apply new information and communication technologies to the challenges of dissemination activity by innovation proponents, diffusion responses by adopters, and then subsequent implementation and sustained use.
Ethical Issues in Dissemination and Implementation Research
Authors: DuBois James M. , Prusaczyk Beth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on ethical issues in dissemination and implementation (D&I) studies. It begins by reviewing the Belmont principles that undergird US research regulations and considering the ethical case for D&I research. It then proceeds to examine a series of ethical questions using a case of public health D&I research in middle schools. The chapter also discusses strategies for ethical decision-making. While these strategies may be beneficial to all researchers, they are of particular value to D&I researchers who regularly deal with uncertainty, complexity, and conflict.
The Role of Economic Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Research
Authors: Dopp Alex R. , Walker Simon , Raghavan Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) imposes costs on evidence-based practice (EBP) purveyors, healthcare and promotion organizations, and payers (including governments). Whether these added costs will result in improved service delivery and, ultimately, improvements in recipient outcomes and population health remains an open question. To be of value in informing a D&I decision, an economic evaluation must provide evidence on the impacts of the alternative strategies under consideration on the relevant outcomes, costs, and opportunity costs for the decision maker(s) involved. This requires careful consideration of the decision maker (Who are we informing? What do they care about?); the perspective of the analysis (frame of evaluation); the outcomes; the costs; and the opportunity costs. Further, of utmost importance is the approach to capturing the impact on inequities. If emerging studies reveal that defined D&I strategies are more cost-effective than “usual” approaches, then policymakers and service providers will need to resource these added D&I costs to ensure the success and long-term sustainability of high-quality healthcare and public health activities.
Measurement Issues in Dissemination and Implementation Research
Authors: Lewis Cara C. , Mettert Kayne , Proctor Enola K. , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The National Institutes of Health, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and a number of private foundations have expressed the need for advancing the science of dissemination and implementation (D&I). Interest in D&I research is present in many countries, including the United Kingdom (UK Center for Reviews and Dissemination, the UK Medical Research Council) and Canada (Canadian Institutes of Health Research). Improving healthcare requires not only effective programs and interventions but also effective strategies to move them into community-based settings of care. But before discrete strategies can be tested for effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, or cost-effectiveness, context, and outcome constructs must be identified and defined in such a way that enables their manipulation and measurement. Measurement is underdeveloped with few psychometrically strong measures and very little attention paid to their pragmatic nature. A variety of tools is needed to capture healthcare access and quality, and no measurement issues are more pressing than those for D&I science.
Dissemination and Implementation in Social Service Settings
Authors: Bunger Alicia C. , Juckett Lisa A. , Lengnick-Hall Rebecca , Adams Danielle R. , McMillen J. Curtis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Social service systems are uniquely positioned to implement health prevention and intervention protocols given their mission to support vulnerable populations in the communities where they live. However, social service organizations deliver complex services, with scarce resources, under significant external pressure from communities, funders, and regulatory bodies. This requires careful consideration in designing dissemination and implementation (D&I) strategies. While several well-developed, blended implementation strategies are being used in social services, they all require additional documentation, research, and refinement. Nonetheless, the lessons learned in the social services may help organizations in other systems better implement health interventions with consumers with complex service needs.
The Art and Craft of International Environmental Law
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , van Asselt Harro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The second edition of this leading work on international environmental law investigates the ways in which international environmental law is developed, implemented, and enforced. Rather than focusing on only some aspects of the international environmental process, it examines the process as a whole, from beginning to end, synthesizing recent research on international environmental negotiations, treaty design, social norms, policy implementation, and effectiveness. The book sketches the context of contemporary international environmental law, including its history, the causes of global environmental problems, and proposed policy solutions. The book also reviews the nature of international environmental norms, offering detailed accounts of both treaty-based norms and nontreaty norms. In addition, the book explores the growing complexity of international environmental law, discussing the changing roles of states and nonstate actors in its development. It further examines how and why states implement and comply with international environmental law, and how international environmental norms can be enforced. The book is a sophisticated yet highly readable introduction to how international environmental law works (and sometimes doesn’t work), for both specialists and the general reader.
Varieties of Environmental Norms
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , van Asselt Harro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 investigates the nature of international environmental norms. The chapter begins by exploring their central features, and identifying how and why they might influence the behavior of states and nonstate actors. Following an overview of relevant international environmental norms, including treaties, customary international law, and judicial decisions, the chapter turns to the issue of what it means to characterize a norm as legally binding, and examines the contested nature of so-called soft law. The chapter also examines a number of important dimensions along which international environmental norms vary, including their precision, mandatory quality, and the accompanying mechanisms for implementation.
The Architecture of International Environmental Law
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , van Asselt Harro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To understand the functioning of international environmental law, it is necessary to look beyond individual environmental regimes and study how multiple regimes and institutions—often involving different types of actors, operating at several scales, with different subject matter focuses—interact in addressing environmental issues. Chapter 8 does so by exploring the architecture of international environmental law. It first examines the reasons underlying the growing complexity of international environmental governance. The chapter then examines the consequences of the growing complexity of international environmental law, including its costs and benefits. This is followed by a discussion of various approaches for navigating complexity, such as establishing a normative goal or organizational hierarchy, institutional coordination, and orchestration.
Measuring the efficiency of private schools Conceptual issues and empirical evidence
Authors: Agasisti Tommaso , Ferraro Simona 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The expansion of educational opportunities available for pupils, the tendencies of change in the education system, and the pressure on the finances of schools require monitoring schools’ performance and efficiency. This chapter outlines measures of school efficiency, discusses the main methods for their assessment, and provides a comparative evaluation between public and private schools. Starting from the conceptualization of school and education efficiency, a systematic review of the most recent studies in the field for the last five years is provided. The outcome that emerges is that private schools are more efficient compared to public schools in many contexts and circumstances.
Privatization of the children’s extracurricular education sector
Authors: Kosaretsky Sergey , Ivanov Ivan Y. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the privatization processes that have taken place in children’s extracurricular education in Russia. We explain the post-Soviet transformation of the extracurricular education system according to the concept of the privatization of education in Russia. The commercialization of the public sector and the development of the private sector, including key trends and challenges in government policies and family strategies, are explored. This study is based on official statistics, national surveys, and interviews with leaders in extracurricular education. Some contradictions in state policy regarding the privatization of extracurricular education are revealed, for example, the unwillingness to guarantee universal availability combined with the desire to maintain control over children’s free time, for the purposes of development and indoctrination, and the declaration of commitment to the principles of competition in practice accompanied by high levels of bureaucratic barriers. The sector’s privatization meets the interests of a limited number of families with high socioeconomic status with a request for the quality and novelty of the extracurricular activities’ content. At that time, most of the families remained committed to public organizations as providers of the state’s responsibility and guarantees of extracurricular education availability.
The Lodger (1927)The Lodger (1927)
Authors: Smoliński Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
“The Lodger (1927): Contaminating British Silent Cinema” discusses the iconic shot from The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog—that shows the protagonist standing at the threshold of Mrs. Bunting’s house—in order to investigate the cluster of international influences shaping this silent classic. Beginning with the interrogation of “Englishness” vs. “Britishness” and the ways in which these terms apply to Hitchcock’s early work, the essay argues that The Lodger is a highly contaminated film that should be seen as one of the key examples of transnational silent cinema and perhaps also as a British version of Miriam Bratu Hansen’s “vernacular modernism.” Finally, the shot from The Lodger is analyzed as a self-reflexive metapicture that emphasizes British cinema’s liminality: its position between silent and sound periods and between less and more regulated national film industry.
Rope (1948)Rope (1948)
Authors: Street Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
“Rope (1948): Chromatic design and neon light” discusses the flashing “STORAGE” neon sign visible through the New York apartment set’s window in Rope, Hitchcock’s first color film. This is a marker of Hitchcock’s fascination with artificial light, the city as a place of mystery and terror and as a symbol of modernity. The visually striking effect’s experimental nature is highlighted for its re-creation of New York’s skyline. This was created using a “cyclorama,” so that the passage of time from day to night is indicated by illuminated signage and changing cloud formations. The effects are analyzed in relation to color theory and how color in Rope anticipates Hitchcock’s use of it for dramatic and psychological effects in Vertigo and Marnie. The chapter argues that Hitchcock uses color astutely to connote affective psychological experiences as well as signaling contemporary notions of class and taste that are central to the film’s narrative.
Vertigo (1958)Vertigo (1958)
Authors: Torlasco Domietta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
“Vertigo (1958): Labor in a single shot” is the story of a delayed interpretation. In a theory/practice seminar, filmmaker Harun Farocki suggested that the author reproduce one of Vertigo’s iconic camera movements: the dolly-in that, in the museum scene, leads both the detective and the spectator’s looks from Madeleine’s spiral-shaped hairdo to Carlotta Valdes’s similarly coiffed hair. What would attract a filmmaker who devoted his career to critiquing image production and consumption under capitalism to a scene of haunted contemplation? Years later, Torlasco, after Farocki, proposes that we interpret it as an image of labor—the portrayal of a process that is at once perceptual, cognitive, and affective; an image of immaterial labor. In doing so, she rediscovers a mode of symbolic production that pivots around metonymy rather than metaphor, difference rather than similarity, a way of making sense in excess of the exchange economy that the scene otherwise supports.