bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental Capture of Juvenile Fish from an Artisanal Fishery in a Coastal Lagoon in the Gulf of California
Authors: Amezcua Felipe , Madrid-Vera Juan , Aguirre Hugo 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Fishing gear used in artisanal penaeid shrimp fisheries in the southwestern Gulf of California usually consists of the trawl net, gill net, and suripera net. These net types are known to capture a high quantity of fish bycatch and are likely to cause high levels of juvenile fish mortality. However, juvenile bycatch mortality has not been documented in previous studies. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a local artisanal shrimp fishery on the juvenile fish community in the coastal lagoon of Santa Maria la Reforma, Sinaloa, Mexico. Length at first maturity was estimated for the seven most abundant species; based on this information, a generalized linear model and a Bayesian approach were used to estimate the probabilities of juvenile fish capture for different types of fishing gear. We found that the three net types captured juveniles, even those of species maturing at small lengths, and were likely to impact the recruitment of the analyzed species, as the probability of juvenile capture by the nets ranged from 0.20 to 0.90. However, the species for which sexual maturity was attained at a smaller length were less vulnerable to the fishing gear types analyzed. The gill net and trawl net had the highest probabilities of capturing juveniles in general, whereas the suripera net showed a high probability of capturing juveniles belonging to certain species. Incidentally, the suripera net is the gear used most frequently in the area to catch shrimp.
Natural Mortality Rates during Life History Stages of the Red Grouper on Campeche Bank, Mexico
Authors: Giménez-Hurtado Enrique , Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco , Lluch-Cota Salvador E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The objective of this study was to arrive at biologically convincing estimates of the natural mortality rate (M) for different life history stages of the red grouper Epinephelus morio on Campeche Bank, Mexico. Estimates of M must be compatible with our knowledge of life histories and are essential as input to analytical assessment models for any exploited stock. Because of difficulties in estimating M directly, M has often been incorrectly assumed to be constant with age for a fishery harvesting different age-groups. The gnomonic interval method (GIM) was applied to this long-lived species to estimate a vector of M-values for successive life history stages. The GIM estimates the vector of M at age from the duration of successive development stages and the mean annual fecundity. Estimates were calibrated using available independent data. We computed the relationship between M and age (t) over a 13-year period as Mt = 0.8976t−0.93. Values of M estimated by GIM for adult red grouper were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) from those reported in the literature.
Sulfur Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) Seed Ecology: Seed Bank Survival and Water and Salt Stresses on Germination
Authors: Kiemnec Gary L. , McInnis Michael L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSulfur cinquefoil, a perennial invasive weed of many different habitats in the United States, reproduces and spreads predominately through seed production, making seed bank survival and successful germination essential steps in the invasive process. To evaluate its potential to invade water-stressed environments, field and growth chamber studies were conducted in two areas of sulfur cinquefoil seed ecology: (1) monitoring the seed bank population and (2) determining the effect of salt and water stresses on germination of two sulfur cinquefoil seed populations differing in site characteristics of precipitation, temperature, and soil conditions. Field sampling demonstrated that a 2-yr average seed rain of 73,700 seeds m−2 resulted in an average 26,600 seeds m−2 annual increase in the seed bank. Regression analysis showed seed rain accounted for only 7 and < 1% of the variation in seedling density in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Seeds from the two populations showed a difference in the level of decrease in germination in response to increasing water and salt stresses. Managers should be aware that some populations of sulfur cinquefoil may be able to survive under drier or saltier conditions than previously thought. It appears that several years of control of mature sulfur cinquefoil would dramatically reduce the sulfur cinquefoil seed bank.
Augmentative Restoration: Repairing Damaged Ecological Processes During Restoration of Heterogeneous Environments
Authors: Sheley Roger L. , James Jeremy J. , Bard Erin C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHeterogeneity in disturbance regimes, propagule pools, and factors affecting plant performance are a ubiquitous feature of wildlands. We tested a conceptual framework, termed augmentative restoration, aimed at identifying and selectively repairing or replacing damaged processes based on their predicted influence on the three causes of succession: site availability, species availability, and species performance. This framework was tested at three sites each with a different cause of succession naturally occurring in an ephemeral wetland dominated by invasive plants that had varying levels of disturbance (site availability), remnant native plants (species availability), and water availability (species performance). Our hypotheses were (1) seeding combined with watering would augment meadow vole disturbance to increase desired species composition, (2) shallow tilling combined with watering would augment remnant native species, and (3) shallow tilling combined with seeding would augment mesic soils to increase desired species composition. Shallow tilling, watering, and seeding were applied in a factorial arrangement at all three sites. These eight treatment combinations were applied in a split-plot design with four replications to generate 32 whole plots (2 m2). The herbicide 2,4-D was applied on half of each whole plot to influence relative species performance. In two of the three sites, using augmentative restoration to guide our management approaches improved our decision as to the treatment combinations that would maximize seedling establishment. Selectively augmenting successional processes that remain intact by repairing or replacing processes occurring at inadequate levels can improve implementation of successional management and provide a refined process-based framework for restoration across heterogeneous landscapes. Besides the clear economic advantages of lower management inputs associated with augmentative restoration, avoiding unnecessary management inputs has the additional advantage of minimizing unintended negative impacts on ecosystem processes.
Taxonomic Confusion Permits the Unchecked Invasion of Vernal Pools in California by Low Mannagrass (Glyceria declinata)
Authors: Gerlach John D. , Bushman B. Shaun , McKay John K. , Meimberg Harald 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChloroplast DNA sequences and recently established morphological characters were used to confirm the widespread invasion of California's vernal pools by European low mannagrass. Morphological similarities between low mannagrass and western mannagrass have led to different taxonomic treatments, depending on the geographical extent of a particular flora. When California's flora was last revised, the two species were combined as western mannagrass, which was then considered to be a native species. Unfortunately, the revised flora was published just as low mannagrass began to rapidly expand its range within the state and, because it was considered to be a native species in the new flora, no actions were initiated to limit the invasion. Our data show that low mannagrass was present at all localities in the Central Valley of California that were investigated, indicating a widespread and undetected invasion. The invasion has led to a degradation of the vernal pool ecosystems, which are the habitat of many federal and state protected endangered and threatened species.
A Comparison of Inter- and Intraspecific Interference on Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) Seedling Growth
Authors: Thacker Eric , Ralphs Michael H. , Monaco Thomas A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBroom snakeweed (snakeweed) is a native range shrub found throughout semiarid rangelands of the western United States, which increases and dominates plant communities after disturbances such as overgrazing, drought, or wildfire. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of selected grass species and prostrate kochia to restrict establishment and growth of snakeweed seedlings in potted-plant and replicated field studies within two sagebrush ecological sites. In the potted-plant studies, single snakeweed seedlings were grown with seedlings (seedling neighbor study) and established plants (established neighbor study) of three cool-season grasses (crested, pubescent, and bluebunch wheatgrass), prostrate kochia, and snakeweed at increasing densities (1, 3, 5 plants/pot). Interference from crested wheatgrass in the seedling neighbor study, and both crested and bluebunch wheatgrass in the established neighbor study, induced the greatest mortality of snakeweed seedlings, and snakeweed growth was suppressed more by interspecific (grass) than intraspecific (snakeweed) neighbors in both potted-plant studies. Snakeweed establishment was also evaluated at two field sites: Howell and Nephi, UT. Snakeweed and downy brome were controlled by picloram (0.25 kg ae/ha) and glyphosate (1.5 kg ae/ha), then three native and three introduced grasses were drill-seeded, and prostrate kochia was dribble-seeded in replicated plots (3 m by 15 m) at both sites in October 2003. Snakeweed seedlings were transplanted into seeded plots and a bare ground control plot in autumn 2004. Snakeweed mortality was greatest (73%) in crested wheatgrass plots at Howell, but there were few differences among species treatments at Nephi. Of the snakeweed seedlings that survived, there was relatively little growth in any of the seeded plots compared to those in the bare ground control plots. These results indicate that seeded cool-season grasses interfered with and reduced establishment of snakeweed seedlings.
Ductal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Postsurgical Outcome for 1,267 Women Cared for in One Single Institution over 10 Years
Authors: Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Botteri Edoardo , Rotmensz Nicole , Bassi Fabio , Intra Mattia , Serrano Davide , Renne Giuseppe , Luini Alberto , Cazzaniga Massimiliano , Goldhirsch Aaron , Colleoni Marco , Viale Giuseppe , Ivaldi Giovanni , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Lazzeroni Matteo , Decensi Andrea , Veronesi Umberto , Bonanni Bernardo 
Published: March 2009

Learning Objectives
Summarize the main risk factors for breast cancer recurrence in patients with DIN. Evaluate the role of radiotherapy in patients with DIN. Compare the potential benefit of treating patients with low-dose tamoxifen with the risks and benefits of other treatments.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
Examination of the Mechanism of Phenanthrenequinone Toxicity To Vibrio Fischeri: Evidence for a Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Toxicity Mechanism
Authors: Wang Wenxi , Nykamp Julie , Huang Xiao-Dong , Gerhardt Karen , Dixon D. George , Greenberg Bruce M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Phenanthrenequinone (PHQ) is a photoproduct of phenanthrene, one of the most prevalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. Phenanthrenequinone is a compound of substantial interest, because its toxicity can be much greater than its parent chemical to aquatic organisms. The toxicity mechanisms of PHQ to the luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri were examined in the present study. Phenanthrenequinone can redox cycle in bacterial cells and transfer electrons to O2, enhancing the production of superoxide (O•−2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure of cells to PHQ increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which detoxifies the ROS superoxide. Concentrations of PHQ that induced the production of H2O2 and other ROS, as well as the elevated levels of Fe-SOD, were correlated with its toxicity as measured by luminescence. Furthermore, toxicity of PHQ to V. fischeri was lowered under the anaerobic conditions, suggesting that the absence of oxygen, which would limit the production of ROS, alleviated toxicity of PHQ. Thus, a ROS-mediated toxicity mechanism of PHQ is highly implicated by in the present study.
Effect of cation competition on cadmium uptake from solution by the earthworm Eisenia Fetida
Authors: Li Lian-Zhen , Zhou Dong-Mei , Wang Peng , Jin Sheng-Yang , Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. , Reinecke Adriaan J. , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Metal speciation alone is insufficient to predict metal accumulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms, because competition between cations can play an important role. In the present study, the effects of competing cations (Ca2+,Mg2+,and H+) on Cd uptake by the earthworm Eisenia fetida were quantified through short-term experiments over a large Cd concentration range in aqueous exposure solutions. Free Cd2+ activity was a better predictor for Cd accumulation in the earthworms than was total Cd concentration in solution, thus supporting the free ion activity model. The presence of the other cations at environmentally pertinent concentrations inhibited Cd uptake to different degrees. A competitive equilibrium model based on the biotic ligand model was developed to quantify the effect of the cations. The model parameters are the conditional constants for binding of H+ (log K = 4.97), Ca2+ (log K = 3.00), and Mg2+ (log K = 2.64) to the biological uptake sites of E. fetida. Autovalidation of the model with experimental results showed that 48-h Cd accumulation in the earthworm could be successfully predicted with activities of free Cd2+ and the major cations (Ca2+,Mg2+,and H+) as input.
Acting White or Acting Black: Mixed-Race Adolescents' Identity and Behavior
Authors: Ruebeck Christopher S , Averett Susan L , Bodenhorn Howard N 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Although rates of interracial marriage are on the rise, we still know relatively little about the experiences of mixed-race adolescents. In this paper, we examine the identity and behavior of mixed-race (black and white) youth. We find that mixed-race youth adopt both types of behaviors, those that can be empirically characterized as black and those that can be characterized as white. When we combine both types of behavior, average mixed-race behavior is a combination that is neither white nor black, and the variance in mixed-race behavior is generally greater than the variance in behavior of monoracial adolescents, especially as compared to the black racial group. Adolescence is the time during which there is most pressure to establish an identity, and our results indicate that mixed-race youth are finding their own distinct identities, not necessarily joining either monoracial group, but in another sense joining both of them.
Short-Term Exercise Training Does Not Stimulate Skeletal Muscle ATP Synthesis in Relatives of Humans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kacerovsky-Bielesz Gertrud , Chmelik Marek , Ling Charlotte , Pokan Rochus , Szendroedi Julia , Farukuoye Michaela , Kacerovsky Michaela , Schmid Albrecht I. , Gruber Stephan , Wolzt Michael , Moser Ewald , Pacini Giovanni , Smekal Gerhard , Groop Leif , Roden Michael 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE
We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise training improves hereditary insulin resistance by stimulating ATP synthesis and investigated associations with gene polymorphisms.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 24 nonobese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects at rest and 48 h after three bouts of exercise. In addition to measurements of oxygen uptake and insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test), ectopic lipids and mitochondrial ATP synthesis were assessed using1H and31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. They were genotyped for polymorphisms in genes regulating mitochondrial function, PPARGC1A (rs8192678) and NDUFB6 (rs540467).

RESULTS
Relatives had slightly lower (P = 0.012) insulin sensitivity than control subjects. In control subjects, ATP synthase flux rose by 18% (P = 0.0001), being 23% higher (P = 0.002) than that in relatives after exercise training. Relatives responding to exercise training with increased ATP synthesis (+19%, P = 0.009) showed improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) compared with those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. A polymorphism in the NDUFB6 gene from respiratory chain complex I related to ATP synthesis (P = 0.02) and insulin sensitivity response to exercise training (P = 0.05). ATP synthase flux correlated with O2uptake and insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS
The ability of short-term exercise to stimulate ATP production distinguished individuals with improved insulin sensitivity from those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. In addition, the NDUFB6 gene polymorphism appeared to modulate this adaptation. This finding suggests that genes involved in mitochondrial function contribute to the response of ATP synthesis to exercise training.
Neuroprosthesis Peroneal Functional Electrical Stimulation in the Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting: A Case Series
Authors: Dunning Kari , Black Kristy , Harrison Andrea , McBride Keith , Israel Susan 
Published: March 2009

Background and Purpose
Studies have suggested that peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation (peroneal FES) during walking improves gait in patients with chronic stroke. The effect of peroneal FES during the acute stages of stroke recovery is not known. The purposes of this case report are: (1) to describe differences between walking with and without a neuroprosthesis during the first few weeks after stroke, (2) to offer a clinical perspective on decision making for the use of peroneal FES during acute rehabilitation, and (3) to determine the feasibility of rehabilitation with peroneal FES neuroprostheses during the acute phases of stroke recovery.

Case Description
This case report describes 2 patients with different clinical presentations but both receiving inpatient rehabilitation less than 2 weeks after stroke. Each patient received peroneal FES via a neuroprothesis as tolerated while gait training in therapy.

Outcomes
One patient immediately increased gait speed (128%) and decreased time to perform the Timed “Up & Go” Test (40%) using the neuroprothesis. Both patients immediately increased the 6-Minute Walk Test distance using the neuroprothesis (121% and 101%). The patient who underwent testing with the instrumented walking system also demonstrated improved gait symmetry. After 1 to 3 weeks of using the neuroprothesis, the difference between outcomes with and without the neuroprothesis decreased.

Discussion
It is possible that peroneal FES delivered through a neuroprosthesis during acute stroke recovery may improve gait outcomes. Research is needed to determine proper duration and timing.
Outcome of using the histological pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule in Cushing disease
Authors: Jagannathan Jay , Smith Rene , DeVroom Hetty L. , Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Stratakis Constantine A. , Nieman Lynnette K. , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: March 2009

Object
Many patients with Cushing disease still have active or recurrent disease after pituitary surgery. The histological pseudocapsule of a pituitary adenoma is a layer of compressed normal anterior lobe that surrounds the adenoma and can be used during surgery to identify and guide removal of the tumor. In this study the authors examined the results of using the pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule in the resection of adenomas in patients with Cushing disease.

Methods
The authors reviewed a prospective database of data obtained in patients with Cushing disease who underwent surgery. The analysis included all cases in which a lesion was identified during surgery and in which the lesion was believed to be confined to the pituitary gland in patients with Cushing disease between January 1990 and March 2007. Since the objective was to determine the success of using the pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule, patients with invasive tumors and patients in whom no lesion was identified during surgery—challenging cases for surgical success—were excluded from analysis.

Results
In 261 patients an encapsulated adenoma was identified at surgery. Tumor was visible on MR imaging in 135 patients (52%); in 126 patients (48%) MR imaging detected no tumor. The range of tumor size overlapped considerably in the groups with positive and negative MR imaging results, indicating that in addition to size other features of the adenoma influence the results of MR imaging. In 252 patients hypercortisolism resolved after the first operation, whereas in 9 patients (3 with positive MR imaging and 6 with negative MR imaging) early reoperation was required. Hypercortisolism resolved in all 261 patients (256 with hypocortisolism and 5 with eucortisolism) before hospital discharge. Forty-six patients (18%) had postoperative electrolyte abnormalities (30 with hyponatremia and 16 with diabetes insipidus), but only 2 patients required treatment at discharge. The mean clinical follow-up duration was 84 months (range 12–215 months). Six patients (2%) had recurrence of hypercortisolism, all of whom were treated successfully with reoperation.

Conclusions
Because of their small size, adenomas can be challenging to identify in patients with Cushing disease. Use of the histological pseudocapsule of an adenoma allows accurate identification of the tumor and helps guide its complete excision. With this approach the overall remission rate is high and the rate of complications is low.
Stability of symptom control after replacement of impulse generators for deep brain stimulation
Authors: Allert Niels , Kirsch Holger , Weirich Waldemar , Karbe Hans 
Published: March 2009

Object
Impulse generators (IPGs) for deep brain stimulation (DBS) need to be replaced when their internal batteries fail or when technical problems occur. New IPGs are routinely programmed with the previous stimulation parameters. In this study, the authors evaluate the stability of symptom control after such IPG replacements.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 56 IPG replacements in 42 patients with various movement disorders treated using DBS.

Results
Stable symptom control was found in 65% of single-channel IPG replacements and 53% of dual-channel IPG replacements. Worsening of symptoms resulted primarily from changes in stimulation effects requiring reprogramming of stimulation parameters (17% of dual-channel IPG and 25% of single-channel IPG). In 14% of dualchannel IPG replacements, instability resulted from erroneous extension adjustment with change in laterality. A new short circuit of active with previously inactive contacts of the quadripolar stimulation lead resulted in a worsening of symptoms in 4% of replacements.

Conclusions
Replacement of the IPG requires careful follow-up of patients with DBS to ensure stable symptom control.