bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of COVID-19 Positive Patients in a COVID-19 Dedicated Referral Hospital
Authors: Kutubi Shahnaz , Haq Md. Reazul , Khan Md. Monwar Hasanat 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh is a manifestation of the global outbreak of the coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Bangladesh is the second most affected country in South Asia, following India.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of COVID-19 Positive patients admitted in Central Police Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Central Police Hospital, Rajarbag Dhaka, Bangladesh during April 2020 to October 2020 and a total of 200 confirmed COVID-19 positive admitted patients from Covid Ward were enrolled in this study. The formal permission was taken from the registrar and the director of the hospital and the data were collected from the hospital registered copy and preserved in Microsoft Excel Software. The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version-23.0.
Results: In this study a total of 200 study subjects were enrolled. All the study subjects100% were police personnel and their family members. Among the study subjects, 90(45%) were constable to sub-inspector and followed by 50(25%) inspector to upwards, 20(10%) retired police personnel and 40(20%) of their family members. The majority 60(30%) belonged to the age group (40-49) years. According to gender distribution, 89% patients were male and only 11% patients were female. Among the females (n=22), 7(31.81%) were observed pregnant and 15(68.19%) were observed non pregnant. Distribution by severity, 85% cases were mild to moderate and 15% cases were severe (critical) and received treatment in the ICU. According to the distribution of critical patients by age, 5%, 10%, 40% and 45% of the patients belonged to age group (0-39) years, (40-49) years, (50-59) years and above 60 years respectively. Only 12.3% patients received plasma therapy. Among the study subjects, the survival rate was 99% and the death rate was only 1%. According to the age distribution of the death cases, 0% death case belonged to age group (0-49) years and followed by 0.5% death case (50-60) years and 0.5% death case above 60 years.
Conclusion: Among the front line fighters against Ccovid 19 Pandemic, police forces were the most vulnerable to be affected by the infection due to their close association with the population. Survival rate was high (99%) in contrast to the world perspective.
Implementation of Targeted Axillary Node Assessment Following Neoadjuvant Therapy for Node-positive Breast Cancer Patients Improves Axillary Disease Detection
Authors: Soomro Rufina , Khokher Afsheen Javaid , Nasir Sadaf 
Published: March 2024

Background: Assessing the targeted node, a biopsy-proven metastatic node marked with a metallic clip before neoadjuvant chemotherapy along with sentinel node dissection improves the evaluation of pathological response in the axillary nodal basin after systemic treatment as compared to sentinel node dissection with dual tracer alone.
Objectives: The objective was to investigate the rate of the clipped node being a sentinel node and the sensitivity of targeted node dissection in detecting residual disease.
Methods: A prospective study of biopsy-confirmed breast axillary nodal metastases with a metallic clip placed before initiating systemic therapy. After the therapy, the clip node was identified by ultrasound-guided needle localization and sentinel node biopsy by the dual tracer. At least 3 or more nodes were sent for biopsy. Nodal metastasis was confirmed by frozen section biopsy and complete axillary dissection was done even if micro-metastatic disease was detected.
Results: Of 120 patients enrolled in the study, 60(50%) patients had residual axillary nodal disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among 60 patients with positive residual disease clip node was positive for metastasis in all node-positive patients 60 (100%). Among these 60 patients with residual disease in 42 (70%) cases clipped nodes and sentinel nodes were alike/same, whereas the remaining 18 (30%) patients with residual disease clipped nodes were not sentinel nodes. In the 10/18 case, the sentinel node was also positive on biopsy or complete axillary clearance but in 8/18(13%) nodes that were clipped but not sentinel nodes clip node was only positive node, but the sentinel node was negative on frozen well as on complete axillary clearance. This emphasizes the importance of clipped node removal/assessment after neoadjuvant surgery without which we can miss about 13% of positive axillary disease.
Conclusion: Marking nodes (metallic clip) with biopsy-confirmed metastatic disease allows for selective removal and improves pathologic evaluation for the residual nodal disease after chemotherapy.
Design of granule structure: Computational methods and experimental realization
Authors: Ansari Mansoor A. , Stepanek Frantisek 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe spatial distribution of solid components and porosity within a composite granule—its microstructure—is an important attribute as it carries information about the processing history of the granule and determines its end‐use application properties, particularly the dissolution rate. In this work, the problem of rational design of granule structure is formulated, and two methods for its solution are proposed—stochastic design, which is based on random permutation of points within the structure using the simulated annealing algorithm, and variational design, which is based on direct simulation of granule formation from its constituent primary particles, followed by direct simulation of granule dissolution. The variational design method is demonstrated in a case study of the effect of primary particle size, radial distribution of components, and composition of a two‐component granule (active, excipient) on the dissolution profile. Selected granule structures designed computationally were also physically made by fluid‐bed granulation, their structure analyzed by X‐ray micro‐tomography, and dissolution curves measured. It was confirmed that the designed structures are feasible to manufacture and that they meet the required dissolution profiles. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Perceived parenting behavior in the childhood of cocaine users: Relationship with genotype and personality traits
Authors: Gerra G. , Zaimovic A. , Garofano L. , Ciusa F. , Moi G. , Avanzini P. , Talarico E. , Gardini F. , Brambilla F. , Manfredini M. , Donnini C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLow parental care during childhood, a pattern characteristic of an “affectionless control” rearing style was frequently reported in the history of addicted individuals. Parents' childrearing regimes and children's genetic predispositions, with their own behavioral characteristics, have been seen to be closely interwoven, probably affecting children's development and addictive behavior susceptibility. In the present study, parents care perception, aggressive personality traits, and genotype (serotonin transporter promoter gene—5‐HTTLPR) have been investigated in cocaine users and healthy control subjects. PBI scores (maternal and paternal care) were lower and BDHI scores (aggressiveness) higher in cocaine users in comparison with controls and significant differences in the perception of either paternal or maternal care were observed between cocaine users and non‐users. The short‐short (SS) genotype frequency was significantly higher among cocaine users compared with control subjects (P = 0.04). Logistic regression proves that persons bearing the SS genotype have a risk of becoming cocaine user almost three times higher than those having the LL genotype. Estimations of the effects of other factors potentially affecting the risk of being cocaine addicted clearly prove the significant impact of aggressiveness: the highest the score, the highest the risk of becoming cocaine user. Moreover, paternal and maternal care perception significantly improve the fit of the model (the log likelihood decreases passing from −105.9 to −89.8, LR test = 32.17, P‐value = 0.0000). Each unit increase in the PBI score yields a significant 12% and 10% decrease of the risk of becoming cocaine user, respectively for paternal and maternal care. Interestingly, once controlled for the PBI score, the relative risk associated to the SS genotype drops strikingly and becomes no longer statistically significant. On the whole, our preliminary data suggest that the association between 5‐HT transporter polymorphism and psycho‐stimulant use may be mediated by mother–child relationship and parental attachment perception, both being environmental and genetic factors involved in the proneness to substance use disorders, particularly in aggressive‐antisocial individuals. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of brain temperature with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Karaszewski Bartosz , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Marshall Ian , Cvoro Vera , Wartolowska Karolina , Haga Kristin , Armitage Paul A. , Bastin Mark E. , Dennis Martin S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectivePyrexia is associated with poor outcome after stroke, but the temperature changes in the brain after stroke are poorly understood. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (water‐to‐N‐acetylaspartate frequency shift) to measure cerebral temperature noninvasively in stroke patients.MethodsWe performed magnetic resonance diffusion, perfusion (diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted imaging), and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, compared temperatures in tissues as defined by the diffusion‐weighted imaging appearance (definitely abnormal, possibly abnormal and immediately adjacent normal‐appearing brain, and normal brain), and tested associations with lesion and patient characteristics.ResultsAmong 40 patients, temperature was higher in possibly abnormal (37.63°C) than in definitely abnormal tissue (37.30°C; p < 0.001) or in normal‐appearing brain (ipsilateral, 37.16°C; contralateral, 37.22°C; both p < 0.001). Ischemic lesion temperature increased before normal brain temperature. Higher temperatures occurred in lesions that were large, had diffusion/perfusion‐weighted imaging mismatch, had reduced cerebral blood flow, and in clinically severe strokes. Only 1 of 25 patients with ischemic lesion temperature greater than 37.5°C was pyrexial.InterpretationTemperature is elevated in acutely ischemic brain. More work is required to determine whether raised temperature results from ischemic metabolic reactions, impaired heat exchange from reduced cerebral blood flow, or early inflammatory cell activity (or a combination of these), but magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging could be used in studies of temperature after brain injury and to monitor interventions. Ann Neurol 2006
Sensory, motor somatic, and autonomic neurons projecting to the porcine cremaster muscle
Authors: Botti Maddalena , Minelli Luisa Bo , Gazza Ferdinando , Ragionieri Luisa , Acone Franca , Panu Rino , Palmieri Giovanni 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe location of sensory, somatic, and autonomic neurons projecting to the pig cremaster muscle (CM) was studied by means of the retrograde neuronal tracer Fast Blue (FB) technique. FB was randomly injected in the left CM of four impuberal pigs and serial sections of sensory and autonomic ganglia and spinal cord were examined under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, some indications about the number and size of labeled neurons were given. Sensory pseudounipolar somata were located ipsilaterally in the L2–L6 and S1–S2 dorsal root ganglia, their total number ranging between 125 and 194, their mean diameter between 24 and 89 μm. Somatic multipolar motoneurons were located ipsilaterally in the L2–L4 neuromeres of the spinal cord, their total number ranging between 53 and 169, their mean diameter between 29 and 53 μm. Autonomic multipolar paravertebral ganglia neurons were located ipsilaterally from L1 to S4 and contralaterally from L2 to S2. Their total number ranged from 2,015 to 3,067 and their mean diameter between 25 and 55 μm. The multipolar caudal mesenteric ganglia neurons were located bilaterally, their total number ranging between 14 and 1,408 and their diameter from 22 to 39 μm. In two subjects only, multipolar neurons were also found ipsilaterally in the microganglia of pelvic plexus (2 and 13 neurons). Their mean diameter ranged between 28 and 54 μm. Our study documented that the CM‐projecting neurons were located at different neural levels, with a predominance in the autonomic ganglia. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1050–1058, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient Design and Analysis of Biospecimens with Measurements Subject to Detection Limit
Authors: Vexler Albert , Liu Aiyi , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPooling biospecimens is a well accepted sampling strategy in biomedical research to reduce study cost of measuring biomarkers, and has been shown in the case of normally distributed data to yield more efficient estimation. In this paper we examine the efficiency of pooling, in the context of information matrix related to estimators of unknown parameters, when the biospecimens being pooled yield incomplete observations due to the instruments' limit of detection. Our investigation of three sampling strategies shows that, for a range of values of the detection limit, pooling is the most efficient sampling procedure. For certain other values of the detection limit, pooling can perform poorly. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability and Electrostatics of Mercaptoundecanoic Acid‐Capped Gold Nanoparticles with Varying Counterion Size
Authors: Laaksonen Timo , Ahonen Päivi , Johans Christoffer , Kontturi Kyösti 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe solubility of charged nanoparticles is critically dependent on pH. However, the concentration range available with bases such as NaOH is quite narrow, since the particles precipitate due to compression of the electric double layer when the ionic strength is increased. The stability of mercaptoundecanoic acid‐capped Au nanoparticles is studied at a set pH using the hydroxide as base and different cations of various sizes. The counterions used are sodium (Na+), tetramethylammonium (TMA+), tetraethylammonium (TEA+), and tetrabutylammonium (TBA+). The particles precipitate in the 70–90 mM range with Na+ as the counterion, but with quaternary ammonium hydroxides the particles are stable even in concentrations exceeding 1 M. The change in solubility is linked to a strongly adsorbed layer on the surface of the ligand shell of the nanoparticles. The increased concentration range obtained with TEAOH is further used to facilitate thiol exchange which occurs at a greater extent than would be achieved in NaOH solution.
Biology of the adult enteric neural stem cell
Authors: Estrada‐Mondaca Sandino , Carreón‐Rodríguez Alfonso , Belkind‐Gerson Jaime 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn increasing body of evidence has accumulated in recent years supporting the existence of neural stem cells in the adult gut. There are at least three groups that have obtained them using different methodologies and have described them in vitro. There is a growing amount of knowledge on their biology, but many questions are yet unanswered. Among these questions is whether these cells are part of a permanent undifferentiated pool or are recruited in a regular basis; in addition, the factors and genes involved in their survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation are largely unknown. Finally, with between 10 and 20% of adults suffering from diseases involving the enteric nervous system, most notably irritable bowel syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux, what is the possible role of enteric nervous stem cells in health and disease? Developmental Dynamics 236:20–32, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
n‐Channel p‐channel enhancement/inversion mode GaAs‐MISFETs with gate insulating layers formed by dry oxi‐nitridation
Authors: Tametou Mitoko , Takebe Masahide , Paul Narayan Chandra , Iiyama Kouichi , Takamiya Saburo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTest fabrication of n‐channel p‐channel enhancement/inversion mode GaAs‐MISFET with a GaAs oxy‐nitrided gate insulation film formed by nitriding after oxidation of the GaAs surface was performed. In comparison with MOSFET with only oxidation, the pinch‐off and hysteresis characteristics are improved in MISFET. The confirmed values of the transconductance are 62 mS/mm (Vth∼0 V), 41 mS/mm (Vth∼1 V), and 14 mS/mm [Vth=Vflat(=1.1 V)] for the n‐channel type. These values are 10 to 100 times those reported previously in GaAs‐MOSFET. The result realized for the p‐channel type MISFET is about 9 mS/mm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 18–26, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20222
Spatial information recovery from aerial images using a factorization method with constrained camera motion
Authors: Miyagawa Isao , Nagai Shigeru , Arikawa Tomohiko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper we propose a method for recovering spatial information from aerial images using a factorization method based on constraining camera motion. First we focus on sample points located at ground level on the aerial images and we recover the camera motion using a factorization given spatial positions of these points. Then we recover 3D coordinate values of feature points on the images using a factorization to which we provide the recovered camera motion. The feature points that we use are points located at ground level and points that form contours located on buildings. In addition, we recover the spatial information of feature points using the geometrical transform that maps between the geographic coordinates corresponding to the ground points and the coordinate values obtained using the factorization. Aerial images are obtained using a high‐definition camera fitted to a helicopter. In experiments, we have confirmed that this method could faithfully recover camera motion as measured by orientation sensors attached to the fuselage. In addition, the proposed method is shown to be practical and effective experimentally, being able to recover accurately the height of each building with values close to those obtained from a laser range scanner. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 57–66, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20309
Interactive footprint display method
Authors: Takeuchi Toshinori , Tanaka Toshimitsu , Sugie Noboru 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this research, we propose a technique for representing footprints in real time in an interactive system such as a virtual reality (VR) or 3D game system. To increase data updating speed during interactive operations, this method represents footprints by using rectangles on which a foot‐shaped texture is mapped. And the method arranges the rectangles dynamically along the movement path. However, since the number of rectangles that must be drawn increases as time elapses, footprints represented by the rectangles are transformed to footprints represented by the floor texture that does not entail drawing costs, by overwriting footprints onto the floor texture in existence. The transformation is done when operations are interrupted such as scene changes.For movement over a wide range, it is difficult to store all floor textures on memory. As a result, the footprint positions and directions are recorded in advance, and only the floor textures that must be drawn are generated. At this time, since new footprints remain distinct, their positions and directions are recorded as time‐series data, and footprints are reproduced accurately from those data. On the other hand, since footprints for which time has passed fade, their positions and directions need not be reproduced accurately. Therefore, the amount of data is held to a fixed amount by discretizing the positions and directions and recording the numbers of footprints. In this way, footprints can be displayed and updated in real time by switching the display method and data representation method according to the scene. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 36–46, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20310
Chemical and Electrochemical Behaviours of a New Phenolato‐Bridged Complex [(L)MnIIMnII(L)]2+. Pathways to Mononuclear Chlorido [(L)MnII/III/IVCl]0/1/2+ and Dinuclear Mono‐µ‐Oxido [(L)MnIII(µ‐O)MnIII/IV(L)]2+/3+ Species
Authors: Sabater Laurent , Hureau Christelle , Blain Guillaume , Guillot Régis , Thuéry Pierre , Rivière Eric , Aukauloo Ally 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe X‐ray structure of a new dinuclear phenolato‐bridged Mn2II complex abbreviated as [(L)MnMn(L)]2+ (1), where LH is the [N4O] phenol containing ligand N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐N′‐salicylidene‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine ligand, is reported. A J value of –3.3 cm–1 (H = –JŜ1·Ŝ2) was determined from the magnetic measurements and the 9.4 GHz EPR spectra of both powder and frozen acetonitrile solution samples were analyzed with temperature. The cyclic voltammetry of 1 displays a reversible anodic wave at E1/2 = 0.46 V vs. SCE associated with the two‐electron oxidation of 1 yielding the dinuclear Mn2III complex [(L)MnMn(L)]4+ (2). The easy air oxidation of 1 gives the mono‐μ‐oxido Mn2III complex [(L)Mn(μ‐O)Mn(L)]2+ (3). A rational route to the formation of the mixed‐valence Mn2III,IV complex [(L)Mn(μ‐O)Mn(L)]3+ (4) starting from 1 by bulk electrolysis at EP = 0.75 V vs. SCE in the presence of one equiv. of base per manganese ion is also briefly reported. Addition of chloride ions to 1 led to the cleavage of the phenolato bridges to give the mononuclear MnII complex [(L)MnCl] (5). Cyclic voltammetry of 5 displays two reversible anodic waves at E1/2 = 0.21 and E1/2 = 1.15 V vs. SCE, assigned to the two successive one‐electron abstractions giving the MnIII and MnIV species [(L)MnCl]+ (6) and [(L)MnCl]2+ (7), respectively. The electronic signatures from UV/Visible and EPR spectroscopy of the electrochemically prepared samples of 6 and 7 confirmed the respective oxidation states. For instance, 7 displays a broad and intense absorption band characteristic of a phenolato to MnIV charge‐transfer transition at 690 nm (2000 M–1 cm–1) and its 9.4 GHz EPR spectrum shows a strong transition at g = 5.2 consistent with a rhombically distorted S = 3/2 system with a zero‐field splitting dominating the Zeeman effect. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)