bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal patterns of phytoplankton photoacclimation in a dimictic oligotrophic lake over 5 yr: Implications for chlorophyll as an estimate of biomass
Authors: Girdner Scott , Sprague Joshua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChlorophyll a is commonly used as a surrogate for algal biomass in lakes and oceans even though phytoplankton can readily adjust intracellular chlorophyll concentration to changes in the environment through a cellular process termed photoacclimation. Marine studies have documented fluctuations in cellular chlorophyll to year‐round changes in light intensity and nutrients using the chlorophyll : carbon ratio to estimate cellular pigment density. However, similar freshwater studies are almost exclusively limited to chlorophyll : carbon ratios at the summertime deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) depth in less productive water. This study expands direct estimates of freshwater photoacclimation to all seasons of the year utilizing optically derived estimates of algal carbon and chlorophyll fluorescence from high‐frequency (daily) data. We describe patterns of photoacclimation at daily, seasonal, and interannual time scales over a 5‐yr period. We show that increases in chlorophyll density at the cellular level not only occurred at the DCM depth during summer stratification but were a dominant and recurring feature when the lake was vertically mixing in fall, winter, and spring. Pigment density within the mixed layer was negatively correlated with light level, indicating a photoacclimation driven response to reduced light intensity. Predicting how cellular pigment density is affected by the surrounding environment in a replicated range of lake systems is needed if chlorophyll is to be accurately used as an estimate of algal biomass in freshwaters.
Nonlinear Generation, Compression and Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of sub‐GV/cm‐Class Femtosecond Mid‐Infrared Transients
Authors: Schoenfeld Christoph , Feuerer Lennart , Heinrich Alexander‐Cornelius , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Bossini Davide 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA Yb:YAG thin‐disk regenerative amplifier with 3 kHz repetition rate pumps a second‐order nonlinear mixing scheme providing femtosecond transients of maximum electric field strength beyond 330 MV cm−1 at a center frequency of 45 THz. This value surpasses field conditions present at submolecular dimensions of matter. The inherent competition between efficiency and bandwidth in parametric downconversion is overcome with a third‐order nonlinear step of self‐phase modulation (SPM). The high repetition rate, versatility, beam quality, and passive phase stability of our system support advanced spectroscopic approaches like electro‐optic sampling (EOS). With this technique, solitonic self‐compression and octave‐spanning supercontinua directly on a subcycle scale are studied.
Beyond Nanoparticle‐Based Intracellular Drug Delivery: Cytosol/Organelle‐Targeted Drug Release and Therapeutic Synergism
Authors: Cho Hana , Huh Kang Moo , Shim Min Suk , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Lee Joo Young , Lee Hye Suk , Kang Han Chang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanoparticle (NP)‐based drug delivery systems are conceived to solve poor water‐solubility and chemical/physical instability, and their purpose expanded to target specific sites for maximizing therapeutic effects and minimizing unwanted events of payloads. Targeted sites are also narrowed from organs/tissues and cells to cytosol/organelles. Beyond specific site targeting, the particular release of payloads at the target sites is growing in importance. This review overviews various issues and their general strategies during multiple steps, from the preparation of drug‐loaded NPs to their drug release at the target cytosol/organelles. In particular, this review focuses on current strategies for “first” delivery and “later” release of drugs to the cytosol or organelles of interest using specific stimuli in the target sites. Recognizing or distinguishing the presence/absence of stimuli or their differences in concentration/level/activity in one place from those in another is applied to stimuli‐triggered release via bond cleavage or nanostructural transition. In addition, future directions on understanding the intracellular balance of stimuli and their counter‐stimuli are demonstrated to synergize the therapeutic effects of payloads released from stimuli‐sensitive NPs.
Recent Advances in Controlled Production of Long‐Chain Branched Polyolefins
Authors: Dashti Arezoo , Ahmadi Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyolefins, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, dominate global polymer production. This stems from the wide range of physical and mechanical properties that various polyolefins can cover. Their versatile properties are largely tuned by chain microstructure, including molar mass distribution, comonomer content, and long‐chain branching (LCB). Specifically, LCB imparts unique characteristics, notably enhances processability crucial for downstream applications. Tailoring LCB structural features has encouraged academic and industrial efforts, chronicle in this review from a chemistry standpoint. While encompassing post‐reaction modification based traditional methods like peroxide grafting, ionizing beam irradiation, and coupling reactions, the main focus is given to catalyst‐centric strategies and innovative polymerization schemes. The advent of single‐site catalysts—metallocenes and late transition metals catalysts—amplifies interest in tailored chemical methods, but the progress in LCB formation flourishes via tandem catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts under controlled reaction conditions. Specifically, the breakthrough in coordinative chain transfer polymerization unveils a novel avenue for controlled LCB synthesis by sequential chain propagation, transfer, liberation, and enchainment. This short review highlights recent approaches for the production of LCB polyolefins that can provide a roadmap crucial for researchers in academia and industry, steering their efforts toward further advancements in the production of tailored polyolefin.
Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Qiu Yong , Mo Chunheng , Chen Lu , Ye Wanlin , Chen Guo , Zhu Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 million deaths. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, and even cognitive impairment, which is associated with long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients with COVID‐19 have alterations in microbiota and their metabolites, particularly in the gut, which may be involved in the regulation of immune responses. Consumption of probiotics may alleviate the discomfort caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the pathophysiological process underlying the alleviation of COVID‐19‐related symptoms and complications by targeting the microbiota remains unclear. In the current study, we summarize the latest research and evidence on the COVID‐19 pandemic, together with symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 and vaccine use, with a focus on the relationship between microbiota alterations and COVID‐19‐related symptoms and vaccine use. This work provides evidence that probiotic‐based interventions may improve COVID‐19 symptoms by regulating gut microbiota and systemic immunity. Probiotics may also be used as adjuvants to improve vaccine efficacy.
Transcriptomic analysis of rat brain response to alternating current electrical stimulation: unveiling insights via single‐nucleus RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Yongchao , Zhong Qiuling , Song Bing , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrical brain stimulation (EBS) has gained popularity for laboratory and clinical applications. However, comprehensive characterization of cellular diversity and gene expression changes induced by EBS remains limited, particularly with respect to specific brain regions and stimulation sites. Here, we presented the initial single‐nucleus RNA sequencing profiles of rat cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus subjected to intracranial alternating current stimulation (iACS) at 40 Hz. The results demonstrated an increased number of neurons in all three regions in response to iACS. Interestingly, less than 0.1% of host gene expression in neurons was significantly altered by iACS. In addition, we identified Rgs9, a known negative regulator of dopaminergic signaling, as a unique downregulated gene in neurons. Unilateral iACS produced a more focused local effect in attenuating the proportion of Rgs9+ neurons in the ipsilateral compared to bilateral iACS treatment. The results suggested that unilateral iACS at 40 Hz was an efficient approach to increase the number of neurons and downregulate Rgs9 gene expression without affecting other cell types or genes in the brain. Our study presented the direct evidence that EBS could boost cerebral neurogenesis and enhance neuronal sensitization to dopaminergic drugs and agonists, through its downregulatory effect on Rgs9 in neurons.
Effect of Thalamic versus Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation on Head Tremor in Dystonic and Essential Tremor Patients—A Retrospective Video‐Blinded Study
Authors: Paschen Steffen , Wolke Robin , Gövert Felix , Lauber Alexandra , Zeuner Kirsten E. , Helmers Ann‐Kristin , Berg Daniela , Deuschl Günther , Becktepe Jos S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHead tremor is common in dystonia syndromes and difficult to treat. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapeutic option in medically‐refractory cases. In most DBS‐centers, the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is targeted in patients with predominant dystonia and the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) in predominant tremor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of GPi‐ versus Vim‐DBS in dystonic or essential head tremor.MethodsAll patients with dystonia or essential tremor (ET) (n = 381) who underwent DBS surgery at our institution between 1999 and 2020 were screened for head tremor in our database according to predefined selection criteria. Of the 33 patients meeting inclusion criteria tremor and dystonia severity were assessed at baseline, short‐ (mean 10 months) and long‐term follow‐up (41 months) by two blinded video‐raters.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with dystonic head tremor received either GPi‐ (n = 12) or Vim‐stimulation (n = 10), according to the prevailing clinical phenotype. These two groups were compared with 11 patients with ET, treated with Vim‐stimulation. The reduction in head tremor from baseline to short‐ and long‐term follow‐up was 60–70% and did not differ significantly between the three groups.ConclusionsGPi‐DBS effectively and sustainably reduced head tremor in idiopathic dystonia. The effect was comparable to the effect of Vim‐DBS on head tremor in dystonia patients with predominant limb tremor and to the effect of Vim‐DBS on head tremor in ET.
Tandem OLED: The Solution for In‐Vehicle Displays in the SDV‐Based EV Era
Authors: Kim ByeongKoo , Son Kihwan (Eric) , Kim Minkoo , Na Hyeyoun (Melody) 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles are evolving into software‐defined vehicles, or “smartphones on wheels,” and require improvements in screenification, power management, safety enhancement, and vehicle‐to‐everything communication.
Evaluating disease status in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with quantitative muscle ultrasound
Authors: Tan Jie Ying , Tan Cheng Yin , Yahya Mohd Azly , Shahrizaila Nortina , Goh Khean Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMuscle strength, functional status, and muscle enzymes are conventionally used to evaluate disease status in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This study aims to investigate the role of quantitative muscle ultrasound in evaluating disease status in IIM patients.MethodsPatients with IIM, excluding inclusion body myositis, were recruited along with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent muscle ultrasound and clinical assessments. Six limb muscles were unilaterally scanned using a standardized protocol, measuring muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI). Results were compared with HC, and correlations were made with outcome measures.ResultsTwenty IIM patients and 24 HC were recruited. The subtypes of IIM were dermatomyositis (6), necrotizing myositis (6), polymyositis (3), antisynthetase syndrome (3), and nonspecific myositis (2). Mean disease duration was 8.7 ± 6.9 years. There were no significant differences in demographics and anthropometrics between patients and controls. MT of rectus femoris in IIM patients was significantly lower than HC. Muscle EI of biceps brachii and vastus medialis in IIM patients were higher than HC. There were moderate correlations between MT of rectus femoris and modified Rankin Scale, Physician Global Activity Assessment, and Health Assessment Questionnaire, as well as between EI of biceps brachii and Manual Muscle Testing‐8.DiscussionMuscle ultrasound can detect proximal muscle atrophy and hyperechogenicity in patients with IIM. The findings correlate with clinical outcome measures, making it a potential tool for evaluating disease activity of patients with IIM in the late phase of the disease.
Deep‐learning‐based super‐resolution for accelerating chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Pemmasani Prabakaran Rohith Saai , Park Se Weon , Lai Joseph H. C. , Wang Kexin , Xu Jiadi , Chen Zilin , Ilyas Abdul‐mojeed Olabisi , Liu Huabing , Huang Jianpan , Chan Kannie W. Y. 
Published: March 2024

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a molecular imaging tool that provides physiological information about tissues, making it an invaluable tool for disease diagnosis and guided treatment. Its clinical application requires the acquisition of high‐resolution images capable of accurately identifying subtle regional changes in vivo, while simultaneously maintaining a high level of spectral resolution. However, the acquisition of such high‐resolution images is time consuming, presenting a challenge for practical implementation in clinical settings. Among several techniques that have been explored to reduce the acquisition time in MRI, deep‐learning‐based super‐resolution (DLSR) is a promising approach to address this problem due to its adaptability to any acquisition sequence and hardware. However, its translation to CEST MRI has been hindered by the lack of the large CEST datasets required for network development. Thus, we aim to develop a DLSR method, named DLSR‐CEST, to reduce the acquisition time for CEST MRI by reconstructing high‐resolution images from fast low‐resolution acquisitions. This is achieved by first pretraining the DLSR‐CEST on human brain T1w and T2w images to initialize the weights of the network and then training the network on very small human and mouse brain CEST datasets to fine‐tune the weights. Using the trained DLSR‐CEST network, the reconstructed CEST source images exhibited improved spatial resolution in both peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and structural similarity index measure metrics at all downsampling factors (2–8). Moreover, amide CEST and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect maps extrapolated from the DLSR‐CEST source images exhibited high spatial resolution and low normalized root mean square error, indicating a negligible loss inZ‐spectrum information. Therefore, our DLSR‐CEST demonstrated a robust reconstruction of high‐resolution CEST source images from fast low‐resolution acquisitions, thereby improving the spatial resolution and preserving mostZ‐spectrum information.
Influences of healthcare workers' behaviours towards infection prevention and control practices in the clinical setting: A systematic review
Authors: Mutsonziwa Gift A. , Mojab Marwa , Katuwal Megha , Glew Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo systematically evaluate empirical studies investigating the influences of healthcare workers' behaviours towards infection prevention and control practices in the Coronavirus clinical space, and to appraise and synthesise these findings.DesignA systematic review of the literature.MethodsThe review used a five‐step framework described by Khan et al. (Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2003, 96 and 118) of Framing questions for a review; Identifying relevant work; Assessing the quality of studies; Summarising the evidence; and Interpreting the findings. Searches were conducted in CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to retrieve relevant peer‐reviewed literature published in English between 2019 and 2023. Covidence and Joanna Briggs Quality appraisal tools were used for critical assessment. To improve transparent reporting, this review used a Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis (SWiM) in systematic review guidelines, as informed by Campbell et al. (BMJ, 2020, 368).ResultsTwenty studies were included in this review, identifying nine themes describing factors influencing HCWs' behaviours towards IPC practices in the coronavirus environment. The overarching influences emerged as knowledge‐oriented, person‐oriented, and environment‐oriented.ConclusionHealthcare workers' responsibilities at point‐of‐care involve providing direct care to patients with highly transmissible infections and working in clinical settings that may be ill‐designed for IPC practices, increasing the risk of transmission. Given the lack of a definitive solution to eradicate new mutant viruses and that IPC practices are the mainstay of prevention and control of transmissible, measures to improve are imperative. The identified HCWs' domains on behaviours towards IPC are critical in strategies to mitigate risks and further set an opportunity for developing an IPC model congruent with the rapid response required for HCWs during emerging or re‐merging mutant virus outbreaks. This is significant, given that HCWs' preparedness with IPC practices at point‐of‐care is central to patient care, the workforce and community safety.
Relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and mental health of Chinese nurses: The mediating effects of psychological capital and burnout
Authors: Liu Chengxiang , Li Sainan , Zhou Juan , Zhang Miao , Chen Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between fear of COVID‐19 and mental health of nurses and the effects of psychological capital and burnout in this relation.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe online surveys were conducted among mainland Chinese nurses. Participants (n = 445; average age 32.89 ± 6.76 years) completed an online‐questionnaire based on the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, the Psychological Capital Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Professionals Scale and the 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey. Data analysis was conducted by Pearson's correlation analysis, Harman single‐factor test and the bootstrap method for mediating effect testing.Results(1) The study demonstrated a significant direct effect of fear of COVID‐19 on nurses' mental health, as well as on mediating factors such as burnout and psychological capital. (2) Regression analyses confirmed that while psychological capital bolstered mental health, burnout undermined it, with fear of COVID‐19 further imposing a negative influence. (3) Fear of COVID‐19 exerted an effect on the mental health of nurses by the independent and chain intermediary functions of psychological capital and burnout, resulting in a total mediating effect of −0.233.
Nursing students' experience of moral distress in clinical settings: A phenomenological study
Authors: Dehkordi Leila Mardanian , Kianian Toktam , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo explore nursing students' moral distress (MD) experiences in clinical settings.DesignAn interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) design was employed.MethodsPurposive sampling was used. In‐depth semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 with nursing students who were taking the internship course in clinical settings. Data analysis was conducted following Dickman et al.'s (1989) method.ResultsTen nursing students participated in this study. Three main themes were identified, including (1) negative learning environments, (2) internal disgust and (3) threats to professional identity.ConclusionFindings showed that value conflict, lack of knowledge of ethical standards and its application, and unprofessional approaches result in negative environmental learning perceptions from the nursing students. Therefore, due to being unable to change the situation, they start to feel guilt and shame and, as a result, decide to escape the problem instead of managing it. These feelings lead to internal disgust. This issue indicates the importance of improving the knowledge and perception of these situations. Thus, nursing students must be prepared for the real world, where their ideals are constantly challenged. MDs were experienced as threats to dignity, inequality, distrust, and change of mentality towards nursing, characterised as threats to professional identity. It is suggested to inquire about the process of nursing students' resiliency in morally disturbing situations to deduce the suitable approach for clinical education.
Exploring the service learning program in the transition country context from the students' philanthropic behaviour vantage point: Case of Croatia
Authors: Najev Čačija Ljiljana , Lovrinčević Marina , Pivčević Smiljana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractService learning is gaining growing attention in the academic community worldwide largely due to the benefits related to distinctive service learning outcomes. Among the many valuable student‐level outcomes, intention for future civic engagement through philanthropic behaviour is one of the most commonly investigated. This study provides an in‐depth analysis of students' participation in service‐learning programs and their future philanthropic behaviour in the form of volunteerism. A qualitative content analysis is conducted on the sample of students participating in an university's institutionalized service learning program of a transition country to explore its outcomes in this distinctive context. The findings identify four essential elements in assessing service learning participation, including three previously recognized ones and one emerging from the distinctive transition economy context. The findings are of particular importance for shaping the future civic engagement of students through philanthropic activities.