bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between child maltreatment and hospital admissions for alcohol and other substance use‐related disorders up to 40 years of age: Results from the Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity study
Authors: Bull Claudia , Trott Mike , Najman Jake Moses , Arnautovska Urska , Siskind Dan , Warren Nicola , Kisely Steve 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsEvidence on the associations between child maltreatment (CM), alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and other substance use disorders (SUDs) comes largely from retrospective studies. These rely on self‐reported data, which may be impacted by recall bias. Using prospective CM reports to statutory agencies, we measured associations between CM notifications and inpatient admissions for AUDs and SUDs up to 40 years of age.Design, setting and participantsObservational study linking administrative health data from Queensland, Australia to prospective birth cohort data comprising both agency‐reported and substantiated notifications of CM.MeasurementsOutcomes were inpatient admissions for AUDs and SUDs based on ICD‐10‐Australian modification (AM)‐coded primary diagnoses. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were undertaken.FindingsTen per cent (n = 609) of the cohort had a history of agency‐reported or substantiated CM notifications before age 15. These individuals had higher adjusted odds of being admitted for AUDs and SUDs. For AUDs, the adjusted odds of inpatient admission were 2.86 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.73–4.74] greater where there was any previous agency‐reported CM and 3.38 (95% CI = 1.94–5.89) greater where there was any previous substantiated CM. For SUDs, the adjusted odds of inpatient admission were 3.34 (95% CI = 2.42–4.61) greater where there was any previous agency‐reported CM and 2.98 (95% CI = 2.04–4.36) greater where there was any previous substantiated CM.ConclusionsPeople with a history of child maltreatment appear to have significantly higher odds of inpatient admissions for alcohol use disorders and other substance use disorders up to 40 years of age compared to people with no history of child maltreatment.
Editorial: Equity, diversity and inclusion in child and adolescent mental health – equality of opportunities should be every child's right and every society's obligation
Authors: Ani Cornelius , Ola Bolanle , Hodes Matthew , Eapen Valsamma 
Published: April 2024

Socio‐ecological factors are major determinants of poor mental health across the life span. These factors can lead to health inequalities, which refer to differences in the health of individuals or groups (Kirkbride et al., 2024). Health inequity “is a specific type of health inequality that denotes an unjust, avoidable, systematic and unnecessary difference in health” (Arcaya, Arcaya, & Subramanian, 2015). Among several intersecting social adversities, inequity is one of the most pervasive contributors to poor mental health across all regions (Venkatapuram & Marmot, 2023). Structural inequity creates institutional power structures that marginalise large sections of the population and concentrate resources in the hands of a small minority (Shim, Kho, & Murray‐García, 2018). The world is now more prosperous than it has ever been, yet the world is witnessing more within country inequality with the vast majority of the world's resources in the hands of a small minority of individuals or regions (United Nations, 2020).
Dysnatremia in a changing climate: A global systematic review of the association between serum sodium and ambient temperature
Authors: Wootton Elizabeth , Grossmann Mathis , Warren Annabelle M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveBoth hyponatremia and hypernatremia have been reported to occur more frequently with higher ambient temperatures, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Global temperatures are rising due to climate change, which may impact the incidence of dysnatremia worldwide. We aimed to identify, collate and critically appraise studies analyzing the relationship between climate measures (outdoor temperature, humidity) and serum sodium concentrations.DesignSystematic review, reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched with relevant key terms. Studies assessing the effect on serum sodium measurement of elevated temperature or humidity versus a comparator were included.ResultsOf 1466 potentially relevant studies, 34 met inclusion criteria, originating from 23 countries spanning all inhabited continents. The majority (30 of 34, 88%) reported a significant association between outdoor temperature and dysnatremia, predominantly lower serum sodium with increased ambient temperature. Humidity had a less consistent effect. Individuals aged above 65 years, children, those taking diuretics and antidepressants, those with chronic renal impairment or those undertaking physical exertion had increased vulnerability to heat‐associated dysnatremia. The risk of bias was assessed to be high in all but four studies.ConclusionsHigher ambient temperature is consistently associated with an increased incidence of hyponatremia. We infer that hyponatremia presentations are likely to rise with increasing global temperatures and the frequency of extreme heat events secondary to climate change. Evidence‐based public health messages, clinician education and reduction in fossil fuel consumption are necessary to reduce the expected burden on healthcare services worldwide.
Influence of cardiac diagnosis on outcomes of pediatric heart‐lung transplantation
Authors: Sainathan Sandeep , Ryan John , Mullinari Leonardo , Sanchez Pablo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivePediatric Heart‐lung transplant (HLTX) is performed for endstage congenital heart disease (CHD) with irreversible pulmonary hypertension or non‐congenital heart disease (NCHD) with end‐stage heart and lung disease. CHD could influence the outcomes of HTLX due to increased complexity of the operation as compared to NCHD. In this study we evaluated the influence of cardiac diagnosis on outcomes of pediatric HTLX.MethodsThe UNOS database (1987–2022) was queried for primary HTLX in patients <18 years. The data were extracted for demographics, pretransplant characteristics, post‐transplant outcomes, and analyzed for the impact of cardiac diagnosis on post‐transplant outcomes. Standard statistical tests were used. Survival was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsNinety of the 213 patients who underwent HLTX had CHD. There were no demographic differences. Heart listing status was similar but with a higher LAS score for NCHD. NCHD had higher pre‐operative life support use (mechanical ventilation, inotropes or dialysis) but the use of ECMO as a bridge to transplantation was similar. Wait‐list times were longer for CHD. The ischemic times were similar. Post‐transplant dialysis, stroke, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and rejection were similar. Survival at 30‐days, 1‐year, and long‐term survival at 17 years was similar. Non‐survivors at 30‐days post‐transplant were on life support, used ECMO as a bridge, had lower wait‐list times, longer ischemic times and had strokes. Non‐survivors at 1‐year had similar factors in addition to a higher dialysis use.ConclusionCardiac diagnosis had no impact on outcomes after Pediatric HLTX. Patients on life support or ECMO before transplantation were transplanted faster but with lower survival.
Area and configuration of both semi‐natural habitats and vineyards influence arthropods in South African and central European agricultural landscapes
Authors: Gaigher René , Pryke James S. , Kratschmer Sophie , Zaller Johann G. , Winter Silvia , Samways Michael J. , Pachinger Baerbel , Geldenhuys Marinus , Van Schalkwyk Julia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Restoring the heterogeneity of farmland mosaics can help mitigate the ongoing global decline of biodiversity. It has been shown that semi‐natural habitats in viticultural landscapes influence biodiversity in vineyards. However, less attention has been paid to the influence of the extent of vineyard fields and their arrangement in the landscape.
Using previously published data, we investigated the influence of both semi‐natural habitats and vineyard fields on arthropod diversity in vineyards in 35 viticultural landscapes located in South Africa and Austria. Effects on several arthropod groups were assessed using standardised landscape predictors that integrate compositional (total area) and configurational (shape and spatial arrangement) heterogeneity of semi‐natural habitats and vineyards. In addition, we assessed the influence of within‐vineyard vegetation cover and farming system (organic or non‐organic) to explore local‐scale effects.
Within‐vineyard vegetation and flower cover had a consistent positive influence on most arthropod taxa, whereas farming system had little effect. In addition, configurational heterogeneity of semi‐natural vegetation and vineyards influenced several taxa. However, different taxa showed contrasting relationships with configurational heterogeneity, hindering general recommendations for optimal configuration of semi‐natural elements and vineyards in the landscape. The only significant response to compositional heterogeneity was bug abundance in South Africa, which increased with increasing proportion of semi‐natural elements.
We found that increasing vegetation cover in vineyards is an effective and easily implementable measure to improve biodiversity in vineyards. In addition, the spatial arrangement of vineyards influences within‐vineyard arthropod diversity as much as the spatial arrangement of semi‐natural vegetation in the landscape, which expands the possibilities for planning viticultural landscapes with high overall biodiversity.
Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG‐ODN) restores immune regulatory functions of airway macrophages of patients with asthma
Authors: Zhang Huanping , Wang Lihuan , Zhang Aizhi , Wang Xiangyu , Liao Yun , Chen Xiaoxue , Xu Xuejie , Yang Litao , Liu Yu , Tang Aifa , Yang Pingchang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAllergic asthma is characterized by the polarization of Th2 cells and impaired immune regulation. Macrophages occupy the largest proportion of airway immune cells. This study aims to discover the mechanism that hinders the immune regulatory functions of airway macrophages. In this study, macrophages were isolated from cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) collected from asthma patients and normal control (NC) subjects. The results indicated that macrophages occupied the largest portion of the cellular components in BALF. The frequency of IL‐10+ macrophage was significantly lower in asthma patients than in NC subjects. The expression of IL‐10 in macrophages of BALF was associated with the levels of asthma‐related parameters. The immune‐suppressive functions of BALF M0 cells were defective in asthma patients. The inducibility of IL‐10 expression was impaired in BALF macrophages of asthma patients, which could be restored by exposing to CpG. In conclusion, the induction of IL‐10 in macrophages of BALF in asthma patients was impaired, and it could be restored by exposure to CpG.
Abandoning disaster relief and stimulating insurance demand through premium subsidies
Authors: Philippi Tim , Schiller Jörg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremium subsidies can be used to address low demand for natural hazard insurance when it is partly caused by governmental disaster relief payments. We analyze how the introduction of ex ante premium subsidies affects the frost insurance demand of German winegrowers after the government changed insurance regimes to avoid ex post disaster relief payments. We find that the implementation of a premium subsidy in an immature market with low levels of participation, presumably caused by strong anticipation of disaster relief, is effective in increasing overall frost insurance demand. Receiving disaster relief payments 3 years before the introduction of the subsidy seems to make farmers more responsive toward the premium subsidy.
Comparing city size distributions: Gridded population versus nighttime lights
Authors: Puente‐Ajovín Miguel , Sanso‐Navarro Marcos , Vera‐Cabello María 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper compares the size distributions of cities when they are measured using gridded population and nighttime lights (NTLs) data. To do so, we exploit recent and accurate satellite imagery to proxy urban economic activity. Similarly to related studies, our results suggest that population is more equally distributed than lights at the country level. However, and calling assumptions established for urban NTLs into question, our findings do not support a Pareto function for their distribution. We also obtain evidence of a nonlinear and heterogeneous link between population and lights for a global sample of cities. Grounded on our empirical analysis, we develop a simple theoretical framework that relates the difference between the distributions of population and light emissions to the strength of agglomeration economies.
The limits of virtue politics in an African context
Authors: Olujohungbe Benjamin Timi , Owoseni Adewale O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper situates Karl Popper's ‘paradox of tolerance’ as foundation within the context of interrogating multifaceted violent identity politics propagated in contemporary Nigeria. The paper argues that the ‘active’ virtue of tolerance which requires that subjects within the Nigerian polity engage each other in rationally‐driven discourse on issues of dissent does not presume long‐suffering or passive endurance of violence propagated by a side of the dissenting divide. It is thus pertinent that an appropriate intervention by the Nigerian state delineating the limits of tolerance in the face of perennial intolerance and the proliferation of violent identity politics is inevitable.
First evidence of late‐acting self‐incompatibility in the Aristolochiaceae
Authors: Matallana‐Puerto C. A. , Duarte M. O. , Aguilar Fachin D. , Poloni Guilherme C. , Oliveira P. E. , Cardoso J. C. F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Most Aristolochiaceae species studied so far are from temperate regions, bearing self‐compatible protogynous trap flowers. Although self‐incompatibility has been suggested for tropical species, the causes of self‐sterility in this family remain unknown. To fill this gap, we studied the pollination of the tropical Aristolochia esperanzae, including the physical and physiological anti‐selfing mechanisms.

Floral visitors trapped inside flowers were collected to determine the pollinators. Protogyny was characterized by observing the temporal expression of sexual phases and stigmatic receptivity tests. The breeding system was investigated using hand‐pollination treatments. Pollen tube growth was observed using epifluorescence to identify the self‐incompatibility mechanism.

Flies were the most frequent visitors found inside A. esperanzae trap flowers, with individuals from the family Ulidiidae being potential pollinators since they carried pollen. The characteristic flower odour and presence of larvae indicate that A. esperanzae deceives flies through oviposition‐site mimicry. Although this species showed incomplete protogyny, stigmatic receptivity decreased during the male phase, avoiding self‐pollination. Fruits developed only after cross‐ and open pollination, indicating that the population is non‐autonomous, non‐apomictic, and self‐sterile. This occurred through a delay in the growth of geitonogamous pollen tubes to the ovary and lower ovule penetration, indicating a late‐acting self‐incompatibility mechanism.

Our findings expand the number of families in which late‐acting self‐incompatibility has been reported, demonstrating that it is more widespread than previously thought, especially when considering less‐studied tropical species among the basal angiosperms.
Cardiovascular outcomes following hospitalisation for exacerbation of bronchiectasis: a territory-wide study
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Tsui Chung Ki , Leung Sze Him Isaac , Wong Chun Ka Emmanuel , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Ho James Chung-man 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAlthough bronchiectasis is reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease, evidence for an association with cardiovascular events (CVEs) is lacking.MethodsA territory-wide retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hong Kong involving all patients who had bronchiectasis diagnosed in public hospitals and clinics between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2017 were included. Patients were allocated to be exacerbator or non-exacerbator group based on hospitalzied bronchiecsis history and CVEs over the next 5 years determined. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics.Results10 714 bronchiectasis patients (mean age 69.6±14.4 years, 38.9% men), including 1230 in exacerbator group and 9484 in non-exacerbator group, were analysed. At 5 years, 113 (9.2%) subjects in the exacerbator group and 87 (7.1%) in the non-exacerbator group developed composite CVEs. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, bronchiectasis exacerbation was associated with increased risks for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and CVE compared with those in the non-exacerbator group with adjusted HR of 1.602 (95% CI 1.006–2.552, p value=0.047), 1.371 (95% CI 1.016–1.851, p value=0.039) and 1.238 (95% CI 1.001–1.532, p=0.049) in the whole cohort. Findings were similar for the propensity score-matched cohort for AMI and CVE.ConclusionPatients who were hospitalised for exacerbation of bronchiectasis were at significantly increased risk of AMI, CHF and CVE over a 5-year follow-up period.
Killing spinors and hypersurfaces
Authors: Conti Diego , Segnan Dalmasso Romeo 
Published: April 2024

We consider spin manifolds with an Einstein metric, either Riemannian or indefinite, for which there exists a Killing spinor. We describe the intrinsic geometry of nondegenerate hypersurfaces in terms of a PDE satisfied by a pair of induced spinors, akin to the generalized Killing spinor equation. Conversely, we prove an embedding result for real analytic pseudo-Riemannian manifolds carrying a pair of spinors satisfying this condition.
Polytherapy versus monotherapy in the treatment of tibial non-unions: a retrospective study
Authors: Lu Fangzhou , Groven Rald V. M. , van Griensven Martijn , Poeze Martijn , Geurts Jan A. P. , Qiu Shan Shan , Blokhuis Taco J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Treating tibial non-unions efficiently presents a challenge for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. The established gold standard involves implanting autologous bone graft with adequate fixation, but the addition of biologicals according to the so-called diamond concept has become increasingly popular in the treatment of non-unions. Previous studies have indicated that polytherapy, which involves implanting mesenchymal stem cells, bioactive factors and osteoconductive scaffolds, can improve bone healing. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of polytherapy compared with monotherapy in treating tibial non-unions of varying severity.

Materials and methods
Data from consecutive tibial non-unions treated between November 2014 and July 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The Non Union Scoring System (NUSS) score before non-union surgery, and the Radiographic Union Score for Tibial fractures (RUST), scored at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-surgery, were recorded. Initially, a comparison was made between the polytherapy and monotherapy groups. Subsequently, patients receiving additional surgical non-union treatment were documented, and the frequency of these treatments was tallied for a subsequent per-treatment analysis.

Results
A total of 34 patients were included and divided into a polytherapy group (n = 15) and a monotherapy group (n = 19). The polytherapy group demonstrated a higher NUSS score (44 (39, 52) versus 32 (29, 43), P = 0.019, z = −2.347) and a tendency towards a higher success rate (93% versus 68%, P = 0.104) compared with the monotherapy group. For the per-treatment analysis, 44 treatments were divided into the polytherapy per-treatment group (n = 20) and the monotherapy per-treatment group (n = 24). The polytherapy per-treatment group exhibited a higher NUSS score (48 (43, 60) versus 38 (30, 50), P = 0.030, z = −2.173) and a higher success rate (95% versus 58%, P = 0.006) than the monotherapy per-treatment group. Within the monotherapy per-treatment group, the NUSS score displayed excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.9143). Setting the threshold value at 48, the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 70.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
Polytherapy is more effective than monotherapy for severe tibial non-unions, offering a higher success ratio. The NUSS score supports decision-making in treating tibial non-unions.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection at 12-months
Authors: Stoyell Sally M. , Elison Jed T. , Graupmann Emily , Miller Neely C. , Emerick Jessica , Ramey Elizabeth , Sandness Kristen , Schleiss Mark R. , Osterholm Erin A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common congenital viral infection in the United States. Symptomatic infections can cause severe hearing loss and neurological disability, although ~ 90% of cCMV infections are asymptomatic at birth. Despite its prevalence, the long-term neurobehavioral risks of asymptomatic cCMV infections are not fully understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate for potential long-term neurobehavioral sequelae in infants with asymptomatic cCMV.

Methods
Infants with cCMV were identified from a universal newborn cCMV screening study in a metropolitan area in the midwestern United States. Asymptomatic infants with cCMV were enrolled in a longitudinal neurodevelopmental study (N = 29). Age- and sex-matched healthy control infants (N = 193) were identified from the Baby Connectome Project (BCP), a longitudinal study of brain and behavioral development. The BCP sample supplemented an additional group of healthy control infants (N = 30), recruited from the same participant registry as the BCP specifically for comparison with infants with asymptomatic cCMV. Neurobehavioral assessments and parent questionnaires, including the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, the Repetitive Behavior Scales for Early Childhood (RBS-EC), and the Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) were administered at 12 months of age. Neurobehavioral scores were compared between infants with asymptomatic cCMV and all identified healthy control infants.

Results
Infants with asymptomatic cCMV performed equivalently compared to healthy control infants on the neurobehavioral measures tested at 12 months of age.

Conclusions
These results indicate that at 12 months of age, infants with asymptomatic cCMV are not statistically different from controls in a number of neurobehavioral domains. Although follow-up is ongoing, these observations provide reassurance about neurobehavioral outcomes for infants with asymptomatic cCMV and inform the ongoing discussion around universal screening. Additional follow-up will be necessary to understand the longer-term outcomes of these children.