bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster‐Triggered Self‐Luminescence, Rapid Self‐Healing, and Adaptive Reprogramming Liquid Crystal Elastomers Enabled by Dynamic Imine Bond
Authors: Fan Qingyan , Tang Yuting , Sun Haonan , Guo Dekang , Ma Jiawei , Guo Jinbao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe integration of advanced functions and diverse practical applications calls for multifunctional liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs); however, the structure‐intrinsic luminescence and excellent mechanical properties of LCEs have not yet been explored. In this study, clusteroluminescence (CL)‐based LCEs (CL‐LCEs) are successfully fabricated without depending on large conjugated structures, thereby avoiding redundant organic synthesis and aggregation‐caused quenching. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that secondary amine (–NH–) and imine (–C = N–) groups play vital roles in determining the presence of fluorescence in CL‐LCEs. Based on the above observation, the strategy universalization and a molecular library for constructing CL‐LCEs are further demonstrated. Meanwhile, the dynamic bond of imine bonds endows the CL‐LCE system with rapid self‐healing under mild conditions (70 °C in 10 min), excellent stretchability, and adaptive programmable characteristics. Furthermore, the self‐luminescent performance enables visual detection of the self‐healing process. Finally, CL‐based information storage and anticounterfeiting are successfully realized and their applications in fiber actuators and fluorescent textiles are demonstrated. The distinctive luminescence and dynamic chemistry presented in this work has significant implications in elucidating the mechanism of CL and providing new strategies for the rational design of novel multifunctional LCE materials.
Ultrauniform Plating of Lithium on 10‐nm‐Scale Ordered Carbon Grids for Long Lifespan Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ye Chuanren , Ni Kun , Wang Jinze , Ye Weibin , Li Shengyuan , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Fan Xiulin , Zhu Yanwu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTailorable lithium (Li) nucleation and uniform early‐stage plating is essential for long‐lifespan Li metal batteries. Among factors influencing the early plating of Li anode, the substrate is critical, but a fine control of the substrate structure on a scale of ≈10 nm has been rarely achieved. Herein, a carbon consisting of ordered grids is prepared, as a model to investigate the effect of substrate structure on the Li nucleation. In contrast to the individual spherical Li nuclei formed on the flat graphene, an ultrauniform and nuclei‐free Li plating is obtained on the ordered carbon with a grid size smaller than the thermodynamical critical radius of Li nucleation (≈26 nm). Simultaneously, an inorganic‐rich solid‐electrolyte‐interphase is promoted by the cross‐sectional carbon layers of such ordered grids which are exposed to the electrolyte. Consequently, the carbon grids with a grid size of ≈10 nm show a favorable cycling stability for more than 1100 cycles measured at 2 mA cm−2 in a half cell. With LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as cathode, the assembled full cell with a cathode capacity of 3 mAh cm−2 and a negative/positive ratio of 1.67 demonstrates a stable cycling for over 130 cycles with a capacity retention of 88%.
Observation of Ferroelectric Programmability in 3D Printed Metamaterials
Authors: Roshdy Mohamed , Bilal Osama R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArchitected materials can break the limit of what is possible compared to natural materials, however, once fabricated they retain fixed properties. A growing trend in research is devoted to materials with properties that can be tuned post fabrication in a programmable manner. Such tunability can be achieved through magnetic, electric, or thermal stimuli to responsive elements within the metamaterial's architecture. In this paper, the first experimental demonstration of ferroelectric programmability of 3D printed polymeric metamaterials is presented to control elastic waves using electrical poling. Electrical poling effects are harnessed to change the mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The poling‐induced softening is utilized to reverse metamaterials behavior from attenuating waves to propagating them and vice versa. The utility of the proposed platform is demonstrated to program a desired set of pixels within the metamaterials to open a path for waves to propagate in a waveguide. The findings introduce a methodology for elastic wave guiding by electrical poling, which can open the door for numerous applications in various fields such as vibration isolation, wave guiding, and energy harvesting.
Excellent Stable Cycle Performance of Polyethylene Oxide‐Based 3D Solid Dual‐Salt Composite Electrolyte with Porous Polyimide Thin Films Host
Authors: An Zhitao , Li Wentao , Pei Quan , Tong Yiting , Liu Chongxin , Zhang Qingfeng , Xie Shuhong , Chen Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyethylene oxide composite electrolytes are widely used in lithium‐ion batteries because of their excellent moldability, good flexibility, and favorable chemical compatibility. However, they still suffer from low ionic conductivity and weak mechanical strength. Herein, a 3D nanofiber‐reinforced dual‐salt composite solid electrolyte (PI@PCB) is synthesized. Benefiting from the support of the porous polyimide films and the addition of lithium bis(oxalate)borate, the obtained PI@PCB electrolyte exhibits high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, excellent electrochemical stability, and a high lithium ion transference number (0.70). In addition, the assembled Li/PI@PCB/Li cell shows the lowest overpotential of 200 mV at the initial cycling stage and increases to 246 mV slightly after 1500 h. The capacity retention rate of Li/PI@PCB/LFP battery is about 88.3% after 500 cycles at 60 °C.
Theoretical Analysis of Integrated Nanophotonic Q‐Switched Laser Based on Gain and Saturable Absorption by Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Nousios Georgios , Christopoulos Thomas , Tsilipakos Odysseas , Kriezis Emmanouil E. 
Published: April 2024

A nanophotonic passively Q‐switched lasing element in the near infrared is proposed and theoretically investigated. It consists of a silicon‐rich nitride disk resonator enhanced with the contemporary hetero‐bilayer and a graphene monolayer to provide gain and saturable absorption, respectively. The two‐dimensional materials are placed on top of the disk resonator and are separated by a spacer of hexagonal boron nitride. emits at 1128 nm due to the radiative recombination of interlayer excitons after being optically pumped at 740 nm. Optical pumping is conducted in a guided‐wave manner aiming at achieving a high overall efficiency by critically coupling to a cavity mode near the pump transition. The response of the proposed pulsed laser is assessed by utilizing a coupled‐mode theory framework fed with linear finite‐element method simulations, rigorously derived from the Maxwell–Bloch equations. Following a meticulous design process and exploiting the guided pumping scheme, an ultralow lasing threshold of just μW is obtained. Overall, the Q‐switched laser delivers pulsed light inside an integrated bus waveguide with mW peak power, ps duration, and GHz repetition rates requiring sub‐mW continuous wave pumping. These properties are highly promising for communication applications and highlight the potential of two‐dimensional materials for nanophotonic light sources.
Association between frailty and inappropriate prescribing in elderly patients admitted to an Acute Care of the Elderly Unit
Authors: Zuleta Mónica , Gozalo Inés , Sánchez‐Arcilla Margarita , Ibáñez Jordi , Pérez‐Bocanegra Carmen , San‐José Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to analyze the association between the degree of frailty and inappropriate prescribing patterns at admission to an Acute Care of the Elderly Unit (ACE Unit).MethodsProspective observational study conducted in the ACE Unit of an acute hospital in Barcelona city between June and August 2021. Epidemiological and demographic data were collected during hospitalization. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed on admitted patients. We recorded frailty (FRAIL scale), extreme polypharmacy (10 or more drugs), central nervous system potentially inappropriate medications‐PIMs (STOPP‐CNS or group D), cardiovascular potential prescribing omissions‐PPOs (START‐CV or group A), and anticholinergic burden using the drug burden index (DBI).ResultsNinety‐three patients were included, of whom 48 (51.6%) were male, with a mean age of 82.83 (SD 7.53) years. The main diagnosis upon admission was heart failure in 34 patients (36.6%). Frail patients were older, with more dependence of activities of daily living and more comorbidity than non‐frail patients. Additionally, frail patients demonstrated more omissions according to the START‐A criteria. No statistically significant differences were observed in term of extreme polypharmacy, PIMs, or anticholinergic burden.ConclusionsIn the current study we found an association between frailty and inappropriate prescribing, specifically with regard to omissions using the START criteria for the cardiovascular system (group A). Notably, frail patients exhibited more omissions compared to their non‐frail counterparts, and this difference was statistically significant.
An auto‐configurable machine learning framework to optimize and predict catalysts for CO2 to light olefins process
Authors: Yang Qingchun , Fan Yingjie , Rong Dongwen , Bao Ruijie , Zhang Dawei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study proposed an auto‐configurable machine learning framework based on the differential evolution algorithm (AutoML‐DE) driven by hybrid data for the screening and discovery of promising CO2 to light olefins (CO2TLO) catalysts candidates. The hybrid dataset comprises 532 experimental data from the literature and 296 simulation data. Results show that the AutoML‐DE model with extreme gradient boosting algorithms demonstrated superior performance for predicting the conversion ratio of CO2 and selectivity of light olefins (average R2 > 0.86). After identifying the input feature with the most significant impact on the output feature, the optimal AutoML‐DE model integrated with the genetic algorithm is applied to multiobjective optimization, sensitivity analysis, and prediction of new CO2TLO catalysts. The optimized Cu‐Zn‐Al/SAPO‐34 catalyst has the highest catalytic performance among the reported CO2TLO catalysts. Moreover, five new CO2TLO catalysts with higher yields are successfully predicted. However, the performance of these catalysts should be further verified by experiment.
The puzzling ecology of African Marantaceae forests
Authors: Pouteau Robin , Picard Juliette , Doumenge Charles , Brncic Terry , Gillet Jean‐François , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Gourlet‐Fleury Sylvie , Kimpouni Victor , Loumeto Jean‐Joël , Pélissier Raphaël , Réjou‐Méchain Maxime 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMarantaceae forests are tropical rainforests characterized by a continuous understory layer of perennial giant herbs and a near absence of tree regeneration. Although widespread in West‐Central Africa, Marantaceae forests have rarely been considered in the international literature. Yet, they pose key challenges and opportunities for theoretical ecology that transcend the borders of the continent. Specifically, we ask in this review whether open Marantaceae forests and dense closed‐canopy forests can be considered as one of the few documented examples of alternative stable states in tropical forests. First, we introduce the different ecological factors that have been posited to drive Marantaceae forests (climate, soil, historical and recent anthropogenic pressures, herbivores) and develop the different hypotheses that have been suggested to explain how Marantaceae forests establish in relation with other vegetation types (understory invasion, early succession after disturbance, and intermediate successional stage). Then, we review the underlying ecological mechanisms that can explain the stability of Marantaceae forests in the long term (tree recruitment inhibition, promotion of and resilience to fire, adaptive reproduction, maintenance by megaherbivores). Although some uncertainties remain and call for further empirical and theoretical research, we found converging evidence that Marantaceae forests are associated with an ecological succession that has been deflected or arrested. If verified, Marantaceae forests may provide a useful model to understand critical transitions in forest ecosystems, which is of particular relevance to achieve sustainable forest management and mitigate global climate change.
Bone marrow Tfr2 deletion improves the therapeutic efficacy of the activin‐receptor ligand trap RAP‐536 in β‐thalassemic mice
Authors: Tanzi Emanuele , Di Modica Simona Maria , Bordini Jessica , Olivari Violante , Pagani Alessia , Furiosi Valeria , Silvestri Laura , Campanella Alessandro , Nai Antonella 
Published: April 2024

Abstractβ‐thalassemia is a disorder characterized by anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), and iron overload, whose treatment still requires improvement. The activin receptor‐ligand trap Luspatercept, a novel therapeutic option for β‐thalassemia, stimulates erythroid differentiation inhibiting the transforming growth factor β pathway. However, its exact mechanism of action and the possible connection with erythropoietin (Epo), the erythropoiesis governing cytokine, remain to be clarified. Moreover, Luspatercept does not correct all the features of the disease, calling for the identification of strategies that enhance its efficacy. Transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) regulates systemic iron homeostasis in the liver and modulates the response to Epo of erythroid cells, thus balancing red blood cells production with iron availability. Stimulating Epo signaling, hematopoietic Tfr2 deletion ameliorates anemia and IE in Hbbth3/+ thalassemic mice. To investigate whether hematopoietic Tfr2 inactivation improves the efficacy of Luspatercept, we treated Hbbth3/+ mice with or without hematopoietic Tfr2 (Tfr2BMKO/Hbbth3/+) with RAP‐536, the murine analog of Luspatercept. As expected, both hematopoietic Tfr2 deletion and RAP‐536 significantly ameliorate IE and anemia, and the combined approach has an additive effect. Since RAP‐536 has comparable efficacy in both Hbbth3/+ and Tfr2BMKO/Hbbth3/+ animals, we propose that the drug promotes erythroid differentiation independently of TFR2 and EPO stimulation. Notably, the lack of Tfr2, but not RAP‐536, can also attenuate iron‐overload and related complications. Overall, our results shed further light on the mechanism of action of Luspatercept and suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting hematopoietic TFR2 might improve the therapeutic efficacy of activin receptor‐ligand traps.
Racial and ethnic differences in plasma biomarker eligibility for a preclinical Alzheimer's disease trial
Authors: Molina‐Henry Doris Patricia , Raman Rema , Liu Andy , Langford Oliver , Johnson Keith , Shum Leona K. , Glover Crystal M. , Dhadda Shobha , Irizarry Michael , Jimenez‐Maggiora Gustavo , Braunstein Joel B. , Yarasheski Kevin , Venkatesh Venky , West Tim , Verghese Philip B. , Rissman Robert A. , Aisen Paul , Grill Joshua D. , Sperling Reisa A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIn trials of amyloid‐lowering drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), differential eligibility may contribute to under‐inclusion of racial and ethnic underrepresented groups. We examined plasma amyloid beta 42/40 and positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid eligibility for the ongoing AHEAD Study preclinical AD program (NCT04468659).METHODSUnivariate logistic regression models were used to examine group differences in plasma and PET amyloid screening eligibility.RESULTSOf 4905 participants screened at time of analysis, 1724 were plasma eligible to continue in screening: 13.3% Hispanic Black, 24.7% Hispanic White, 20.8% non‐Hispanic (NH) Asian, 24.7% NH Black, and 38.9% NH White. Plasma eligibility differed across groups in models controlling for covariates (odds ratio from 1.9 to 4.0 compared to the NH White reference group, P < 0.001). Among plasma eligible participants, PET eligibility did not differ by group.DISCUSSIONThese results suggest that prevalence of brain amyloid pathology differed, but that eligibility based on plasma was equally effective across racial and ethnic group members.Highlights
Plasma amyloid eligibility is lower in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.
In plasma eligible adults, positron emission tomography eligibility rates are similar across race and ethnicity.
Plasma biomarker tests may be similarly effective across racial and ethnic groups.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers by Peptide Nucleic Acids‐Based Triplex Molecular Beacon in a Nanopore
Authors: Guo Bingyuan , Zhang Yun , Ren Qianyuan , Zhou Ke , Liu Lei , Wu Hai‐Chen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose an enhanced nanopore sensing strategy that utilizes a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)‐based triplex molecular beacon sensor to achieve the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers with a high degree of sensitivity. The sensor is a triplex switch composed of a triplex‐forming DNA strand and an oligo‐arginine‐tagged PNA strand, serving as the target recognition moiety and signal output element, respectively. Upon target binding to the recognition element of the sensor, the PNA signal output strand is released and a hybrid complex of the target‐DNA recognition strand is formed simultaneously. Due to the positive charges carried by the PNA‐Arg strands, they could be driven through the nanopore under positive electric field, effectively eliminating interferences from co‐existing target‐DNA complexes. This approach enables label‐free, one‐step detection of targets without requiring complex treatments and procedures. Leveraging the modular properties of DNA recognition strand, this method can be applied universally, and here, we successfully demonstrate its application using three SARS‐CoV‐2 related biomarkers.
Effects of biomaterial on the properties of waterborne intumescent fireproof coatings
Authors: Zhan Wang , Mo Jinhong , Feng Xin , Xu Zhiyuan , Li Lixia , Chen Le , Kong Qinghong , Zhang Qingwu , Chen Mingyi , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilk fibroin was used to enhance the properties of the fireproof coating, ensuring the safe evacuation of occupants in a fire accident. The effects of biomaterial on the properties of the coatings were investigated by fire protection test, thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index, vertical flame test, water resistance test, and mechanical properties test. The carbon layers were characterized after the fire protection test by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze the microstructure and chemical composition. The results show that the coating with 6% SF demonstrated the best fire protection, thermal stability, and water resistance. The temperature on the backside is only 255.9°C, and the residual weight is 37.52%. However, the coating with 4% SF exhibits good mechanical properties.
Sulfur and peroxide curing of NBR based rubber compounds filled with kraft lignin and calcium lignosulfonate
Authors: Kruželák Ján , Džuganová Michaela , Hložeková Klaudia , Kvasničáková Andrea , Ház Aleš , Nadányi Richard , Krump Henrich , Hudec Ivan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRubber compounds based on acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber were filled with biopolymer fillers, namely kraft lignin, and calcium lignosulfonate. For cross‐linking of rubber compounds, sulfur curing system, dicumyl peroxide, and combination of dicumyl peroxide with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate were used. The main objective of the work was to investigate the influence of biopolymer fillers content and curing system composition on vulcanization process of rubber compounds, cross‐link density, morphology, and physical‐mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The results revealed that rubber compounds filled with calcium lignosulfonate can be efficiently cured with sulfur as well as peroxide curing systems. Modulus, hardness, and elongation at break were strongly dependent on cross‐link density. Vulcanizates filled with high content of lignosulfonate exhibited comparable values of tensile strength, regardless of the curing system applied. The application of kraft lignin into peroxide systems cured rubber compounds resulted in undesirable reactions between functional groups of the biopolymer and peroxide radicals. Depletion of peroxide radicals resulted in significant deceleration of curing process and decrease in cross‐link density of vulcanizates. This was reflected in typical change of physical‐mechanical characteristics, decrease in modulus and hardness, and increase in elongation at break. Very good adhesion and compatibility between the kraft lignin and the rubber matrix resulted in enhancement of tensile behavior of vulcanizates cured with sulfur system.
Synthesis and alkaline hydrolytic degradation of isosorbide‐based polycarbonates via incorporation of ethoxylated isosorbide as a comonomer
Authors: Lee Hak Yong , Myung Suwan , Lee Won‐Ki , Lee Jae‐Chang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSynthesis of polycarbonates (PCs) from isosorbide (ISB) monomers has been recently investigated. However, compared to bisphenol A, PCs face challenges in commercialization because their high rigidity renders it difficult to increase their molecular weight, resulting in high brittleness. To address these limitations, a flexible co‐monomer, ethoxylated ISB (EI5), was mixed with ISB to produce ISB/EI5‐based PCs. The structures of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs were controlled by varying the ISB/EI5 ratio from 100/0 to 60/40 mol%. Films were fabricated, and their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties and degradability were investigated. With increasing EI5 content, the thermal processability of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs improved, and the produced films exhibited excellent visible light transmittance and UV‐blocking effects. The mechanical properties of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs indicated sufficient tensile strength (σ = 89.7–72.9 MPa), competitive to that of commercial PC, and the properties could be controlled by adjusting the ISB/EI5 ratio. The contact angle and hydrolysis behavior of the ISB/EI5‐based PC films indicated increased surface hydrophilicity and increased degradation rate with increasing EI5 content. In conclusion, the structural control of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs enhanced their moldability and degradability, suggesting their potential commercial utilization.