bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakage behavior characterization of micron‐scale particles
Authors: Livk I. , Ilievski D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method for quantitative characterization of breakage of particulate material is presented. The approach developed uses a 3‐D population balance (PB) breakage model, which describes the changing population of particles in a “origin‐size‐toughness” domain, to extract breakage parameters from dynamic tracer and size evolution experimental data. The breakage behavior is captured in terms of the model parameters of breakage rate and breakage distribution function. It is shown that utilization of the dynamic tracer distribution information contributes significantly to the accuracy and robustness of the breakage parameter estimation. The method is validated by demonstrating good agreement of the model with measured dynamic particle size distributions and tracer distributions. It is also demonstrated that the 3‐D PB breakage model better captures the highly distributed nature of the dynamic experimental data than an equivalent 2‐D model. The usefulness of the technique for characterization of breakdown characteristics is demonstrated using commercial aluminium oxides; both for quantitatively differentiating the breakage behaviors and also for providing insights into the fundamentals of the breakage mechanisms. “Breakage maps” and “breakage activity” plots are introduced as useful formats for presenting the complex breakage information. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
An Alu retrotransposition‐mediated deletion of CHD7 in a patient with CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Udaka Toru , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Aramaki Michihiko , Torii Chiharu , Kosaki Rika , Hosokai Noboru , Hayakawa Toshiyuki , Takahata Naoyuki , Takahashi Takao , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCHD7 mutations account for about 60–65% among more than 200 CHARGE syndrome cases. When rare whole gene deletion cases associated with chromosomal abnormalities are excluded, all mutations of CHD7 reported to date have been point mutations and small deletions and insertions, rather than exonic deletions. To test whether exonic deletions represent a common pathogenic mechanism, we assessed exon copy number by using a recently developed method, the multiplex PCR/liquid chromatography assay (MP/LC). Multiple exons were amplified using unlabeled primers, then separated by ion‐pair reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and quantitated by fluorescence detection using a post‐column intercalation dye under the premise that the relative peak intensities for each target directly reflect exon copy number. By using MP/LC, we identified one CHARGE syndrome patient who had a de novo deletion encompassing exons 8–12 among 13 classic CHARGE patients in whom screening by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) failed to identify point mutations and small insertions/deletions in CHD7. This is the first CHARGE patient who was documented to have exonic deletion of CHD7. The deletion closely recapitulated the Alu‐mediated inactivation of the human CMP‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene (CMP‐Neu5Ac hydroxylase), which is regarded as a novel molecular mechanism in the evolution from non‐human primates to humans. As demonstrated in this study, MP/LC is a promising method for characterizing exonic deletions, which are largely left unexamined in most routine mutation analysis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion of 7q31.1 supports involvement of FOXP2 in language impairment: Clinical report and review
Authors: Lennon P.A. , Cooper M.L. , Peiffer D.A. , Gunderson K.L. , Patel A. , Peters Sarika , Cheung S.W. , Bacino C.A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report on a young male with moderate mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and language delay who is deleted for 7q31.1‐7q31.31. His full karyotype is 46,XY,der(7)del(7)(q31.1q31.31)ins(10;7)(q24.3;q31.1q31.31)mat. This child had language impairment, including developmental verbal dyspraxia, but did not meet criteria for autism according to standardized ADOS testing. Our patient's deletion, which is the smallest reported deletion including FOXP2, adds to the body of evidence that supports the role of FOXP2 in speech and language impairment, but not in autism. A reported association between autism and deletions of WNT2, a gene also deleted in our patient, is likewise not supported by our case. Previously, fine mapping with microsatellites markers within in a large three‐generation family, in which half the members had severe specific language impairment, aided the localization of the SPCH1 locus to 7q31 within markers D7S2459 (107.1 Mb) and D7S643 (120.5 Mb). Additionally, chromosome rearrangement of 7q31 and mutational analyses have supported the growing evidence that FOXP2, a gene within the SPCH1 region, is involved with speech and language development. It is unclear however whether the AUTS1 (autistic spectrum 1) locus, highly linked to 7q31, overlaps with the SPCH1 and FOXP2. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pure and complete trisomy 18p due to a supernumerary marker chromosome associated with moderate mental retardation
Authors: Mabboux P. , Brisset S. , Aboura A. , Pineau D. , Koubi V. , Joannidis S. , Labrune P. , Tachdjian G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTrisomy for the short arm of chromosome 18 or trisomy 18p, is rarely described. We report on a 13‐year‐old boy with minor facial anomalies, mental retardation, bilateral cryptorchidism associated with a de novo supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization analyses, this SMC corresponded to the p arm of chromosome 18 associated with a centromere of either chromosome 13 or 21 and nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). We report here the first case of a pure and complete trisomy 18p due to a SMC. This report and review of literature confirm that the main phenotypic anomaly associated with trisomy 18p is moderate mental retardation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the polyanion‐induced molten globule‐like state of cytochrome c
Authors: Sedlák Erik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytochrome c (cyt c) undergoes a poly(vinylsulphate) (PVS)‐induced transition at slightly acidic pH into a molten globule‐like state that resembles the effect that negatively charged membrane surfaces have on this protein. In this work, the thermodynamic properties of the molten globule‐like state of cyt c in complex with PVS are studied using differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and absorbance spectroscopy. The temperature‐induced transition of the molten globule‐like state of cyt c in the complex with PVS is characterized by a significantly lower calorimetric enthalpy than in the “typical” molten globule state of cyt c, i.e. free protein at pH 2.0 in high ionic strength. Moreover, the thermally‐denatured state of cyt c in the complex at pH < 6 contains nearly 50% of the native secondary structure. The dependence of the transition temperature on the pH indicates a role for histidine residues in the destabilization of the cyt c structure in the PVS complex and in stabilization of the denatured state with the residual secondary structure. A comparison of the effects of small anions and polyanions demonstrates the importance of cooperativity among the anions in the destabilization of cyt c. Predictably, other hydrophilic flexible polyanions such as heparin, polyglutamate, and polyadenylate also have a destabilizing effect on the structure of cyt c. However, a correlation between the properties of the polyanions and their effect on the protein stability is still unclear. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 119–126, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The position, length, and content of the vermiform appendix in nigerians
Authors: Solanke Toriola F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The position, length, and content of 78 appendices from perinates and of 125 from children and adults were studied at autopsy. The retrocaecal appendix was commonest among the children and adults, and the pelvic appendix among the perinates. The average length of the appendix of the perinate was 4.2 cm. and that of the children and adults was 9.6 cm. Extreme mobility of the caecum was noted in about 62 per cent of the cadavers in both groups of subjects. Parasitic infection of the appendix was high in the children and adults group.
Aneurysm of the posterior tibial artery due to a tibial osteochondroma
Authors: Chalstrey L J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of an aneurysm of the posterior tibia1 artery associated with a solitary osteochondroma of the upper end of the tibia. No previous account of such a lesion has been found, but 14 somewhat similar cases of popliteal aneurysms due to exostosis of the lower end of the femur are briefly reviewed. The mechanism of production of these lesions and methods of treatment are discussed. Prophylactic removal of benign skeletal tumours encroaching on the popliteal fossa is recommended.
Haematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle. Its aetiology and A review of 10 cases
Authors: Stirrat G M , McLaughlin I S , Struthers J O , Miln D C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ten cases of rectus abdominis haematoma presenting as acute abdominal emergencies are reviewed. The possible aetiological factors, clinical features, and difficulties in diagnosis are discussed. General lines of treatment are indicated and a plea for greater awareness of the condition is made.
Delayed haemorrhage from the ruptured spleen
Authors: Foster R P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Delayed haemorrhage from a ruptured spleen is a not uncommon syndrome, and it may well be encountered more frequently in the future. The condition has a higher mortality than simple uncomplicated rupture of the spleen, and this is believed to be due to difficulty and subsequent delay in making a diagnosis. Three cases are reported which illustrate many of the important features of delayed haemorrhage. The diagnosis of delayed haemorrhage is discussed, with particular reference to the importance of shoulder pain (Kehr's sign).
A long-retained intraperitoneal surgical swab
Authors: Hunter-Craig I D , Elgar D E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported involving an intraperitoneal gauze swab which was removed 36 years after its introduction at appendicectomy. The literature is briefly reviewed and a plea is made for retained swabs to be borne in mind as a cause of acute abdominal symptoms where previous surgery has been performed. Although meticulous preventive measures should avoid most of these accidents, it is likely that the more prevalent use of antibiotics will allow a higher proportion of errors to remain hidden for longer periods.
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum in the subfacial parotid lobe
Authors: Webb A John , Mitchell R J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A parotid adenolymphoma in a 61-year-old man was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. At operation it lay deep to the facial nerve, tightly stretching its divisions. The importance of cytological biopsy and the hazards of surgical management are discussed.
Selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the treatment of gastric ulceration: Some clinical observations and results
Authors: De Miguel Jacinto 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty have been used in 43 patients with gastric ulceration between July, 1964, and January, 1968. Clinical and radiological observations demonstrated that the ulcer usually took 15–20 days to be cured, although in some cases this period was substantially prolonged.
Up to the present recurrence has been observed in 3 patients (7.8 per cent), all of whom showed signs of prolonged antral retention, together with incomplete vagotomy in I case. Pathogenic considerations concerning the possible causes of this recurrence are suggested and discussed.
Functional results are at present very satisfactory in 84.2 per cent of patients, in whom it has once more been observed that the use of selective vagotomy seems to avoid the appearance of serious diarrhoea, which is not unusual after truncal vagotomy.
Preliminary results show that vagotomy and pyloroplasty seem to bring about a cure in cases of gastric ulcer and that these methods offer certain possibilities of cure. However, the appearance of a number of recurrent ulcers obliges us to observe a certain prudence until we have at our disposal more evidence and experience of the method.
Adenomyomatosis as A source of error in the diagnosis of gall-bladder disease
Authors: Heald R J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of cases is described where delay and difficulty were encountered in the diagnosis of pain suggestive of a biliary origin. In such circumstances the most probable diagnosis is adenomyomatosis of the gall-bladder which can usually be diagnosed by careful scrutiny of the periphery of the organ on a good cholecystogram. Treatment is by cholecystectomy.
Suture-line ulcer after gastric surgery caused by non-absorbable suture materials
Authors: Gear M W L , Dowling B L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four cases of suture-line ulceration associated with non-absorbable suture material are presented. In 2 of these cases the suture had been placed only in the seromuscular layer.
The diagnosis was made in each case by gastroscopy.
Excision of the complete suture line is the most satisfactory form of treatment.
Unusual cold abscesses
Authors: Shaw N M , Basu A K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifteen young adults with soft-tissue tuberculous lesions were treated with antituberculous drugs and early surgical evacuation.
The incidence of adolescent and young adult Asian immigrants is noted. The significance of subcutaneous fluctuant swellings in this section of the population is noteworthy.
The florid nature of these lesions was also noted. The response to treatment was, on the whole, favourable. The particular hazard of delayed wound healing in lower-limb lesions is noted.
Culture of abscess contents almost always yielded a growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which can be subjected to sensitivity testing.
After wound healing has been achieved, domiciliary treatment with 300 mg. isoniazid and 12 g. PAS or PAS-isoniazid cachets 2–3 t.i.d. is recommended.
Carcinoma of the oesophagus: Factors influencing survival
Authors: Younghusband J D , Aluwihare A P R 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of 191 cases of carcinoma of the oesophagus is presented. The 77 cases (middle and lower third) treated by complete oesophagectomy are studied in detail. Evidence for the existence of an immune reaction by the patient against the tumour is found. This immune reaction has a favourable effect on the prognosis, even in the presence of other unfavourable features. Delay in diagnosis does not affect the prognosis. It is suggested that the presence of this reaction, as detected by a study of the resected specimen after oesophagectomy, might be used to determine the selective use of post-operative radiotherapy in an attempt to improve the prognosis in this disease.
Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland
Authors: Tulcinsky D B , Deutsch V , Bubis J J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of myelolipoma in a 53-year-old man is presented (the fifth case of successful removal reported in the literature). The tumour was asymptomatic and was discovered during the investigation of painless haematuria.
Selective angiography was found useful in the diagnosis, and associated malformations hinted at the aetiology of the tumour.
Experimental gastric ulcers in the rat: The separate and combined effects of vagotomy and bile-duct implantation into the stomach
Authors: Kirk R M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Erosions and ulcers of the gastric mucosa have been produced in rats by implanting into the stomach the lower bile-duct carrying bile and pancreatic juice or the upper bile-duct carrying bile only. Vagotomy did not produce gastric lesions in this series. Vagotomy did not increase the incidence of gastric lesions when it was combined with implantation of the bile-duct into the stomach. These results suggest that, if both current theories of the cause of gastric ulceration have some validity, their actions are mediated through separate mechanisms and do not augment each other.
Serial serum cholesterol estimations after biliary-tract surgery
Authors: Walmsley Michael J , Waddecar J , Schofield Philip F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Serial serum cholesterol levels were measured in 50 patients undergoing biliary-tract surgery and in a control group of 12 patients. There was a transient early fall in serum cholesterol after cholecystectomy alone. The mean maximal fall was 30 per cent, observed on day 6. When the common bile-duct was drained the serum cholesterol fell a similar amount (36 per cent) but the fall was sustained for longer, the greatest mean maximal fall being on day 9.
Loss of cholesterol in the bile of patients undergoing common bile-duct drainage was measured at and after operation. If the gall-bladder was not contracted then the maximum loss of cholesterol was shown to occur at operation owing to the high concentration of cholesterol in the gall-bladder. The possible mechanism of the observed fall in the serum cholesterol is discussed.
Management of paroxysms of hypertension in patients with phaeochromocytomas
Authors: Cowley D J , Montgomery D A D , Welbourn R B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two patients with phaeochromocytomas developed crises in which severe hypertension alternated with profound hypotension.
One patient died during an emergency operation. The other was controlled with a long-acting alpha-cholinergic blocking agent and had his tumour removed uneventfully.
Malakoplakia of the bladder with recurrent passage of pseudo-tumour fragments over eight years
Authors: Cowie A G A , Whitaker R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of malakoplakia is reported in a patient who gave a history of repeated passage of portions of pseudo-tumour per urethram over 8 years. A review of the disease process supports the view that it is a benign granuloma associated with E. coli infection.
A circulatory collagenase inhibitor
Authors: Hawley P R , Faulk W Page 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There is an increased production of collagenase from explants of rabbit colon postoperatively. The enhanced reaction is not confined to the site of injury but occurs throughout the gastro-intestinal tract, suggesting that the healing process is not purely under local control. This is not the result of increased endogenous steroid production, for injection of 10 mg. cortisone acetate into rabbits for 2 or 3 days produces no alteration in bursting pressure of the colon, no decreased collagen content of the colon or skin, or increased production of collagenase.
Addition of serum significantly inhibits the collagen-collagenase reaction of tissue explants. This inhibitory effect has been demonstrated by protein fractionation methods to be due to an alpha-globulin of high molecular weight. Adult and foetal serum from several mammals all contain an alpha-globulin inhibitor to collagenase. Following injury, collagen lysis occurs as a result of increased collagenase activity. This is associated with a decrease in circulating inhibitor.
Carcinoma of the third part of the duodenum
Authors: Cleator Iain G M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of carcinoma of the third part of the duodenum is described in which it was possible to carry out a duodenectomy. The pancreatic and common bile-ducts entered the duodenum separately and the pancreatic duct required reimplantation into the duodenum. The problems involved in this reimplantation are discussed.
Improved immediate function of experimental cadaver renal allografts by elimination of agonal vasospasm
Authors: Pryor John P , Keaveny T Vincent , Reed Thomas W , Belzer Folkert O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Evidence is given to show that arterial spasm during the agonal period of the donor is a very important factor in determining the immediate post-transplantation renal function. The recognition and elimination of vasospasm prior to preservation by isolated perfusion enable porcine cadaver renal allografts to function as well as those obtained from live donor animals.
The evaluation of vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the treatment of duodenal ulcer in nigerians: Clinical and radiological study
Authors: Solanke Toriola F , Kolawole T M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-eight patients with duodenal ulceration were treated by vagotomy and the Weinberg type of pyloroplasty. This procedure was modified for 19 patients in the group with duodenal stenosis. Postoperative radiological evaluation indicated satisfactory results in 41 patients. The symptomatically satisfactory rate was good. Diarrhoea was a major residual symptom. Vagotomy and pyloroplasty is advocated for the surgical treatment of duodenal ulceration in Nigerians.
The relative significance of preoperative oral antibiotics, mechanical bowel preparation, and preoperative peritoneal contamination in the avoidance of sepsis after radical surgery for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large bowel
Authors: Barker K , Graham N G , Mason M C , de Dombal F T , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper reports the results of a prospective, random, controlled study of two régimes of preparation of the bowel in 100 patients undergoing elective radical surgery for non-specific inflammatory disease of the colon.
Every patient received identical dietary preparation for surgery. No aperients or enemas were given in view of the inflamed state of the bowel. All patients received phthalylsulphathiazole, and in addition 50 patients chosen at random were given Colomycin. The two groups who did or did not receive Colomycin were well matched in respect of age, sex, type of operation, and steroid therapy.
The addition of Colomycin to the standard régime of mechanical preparation and sulphonamides conferred no benefit to the patient in terms of postoperative complication rates. However, significantly increased rates of wound sepsis and paralytic ileus were found in patients who had a loaded colon at laparotomy or in whom faecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity occurred during operation.
These results suggest that antibiotic sterilization of the large bowel, whatever its intrinsic merits, is no substitute for adequate mechanical preparation and meticulous attention to surgical technique.
Postoperative wound infection: A computer analysis
Authors: Davidson A I G , Clark C , Smith G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Data believed to relate to the aetiology of postoperative wound infection were subjected to a computer analysis. Information was obtained from a total of 1000 patients and a multiple linear-regression analysis carried out. Five factors were found to be highly significant in determining the development of wound sepsis. These were a potentially dirty type of procedure, the presence of bacteria in the wound at the end of operation, one of the ward environments studied, the age of the patient, and the duration of the operation.
A new prosthesis for reconstruction of congenital flail chest
Authors: Singh M P , Cleland W P , Melrose D G , Gardner D C , Read R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A new prosthesis consisting of artificial “ribs” of polypropylene was designed for reconstruction of a congenital flail chest wall in a young girl of 2 years and 4 months. The prosthesis, though rigid, is able to follow the normal respiratory movements. This property is due to the molecular structure of polypropylene. It is foreseen that the relative preservation of respiratory function will encourage its use both in children and in adults.