bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing the Aggregation of Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Carbon Nanohorn for Efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis in Neutral Electrolyte
Authors: Ding Yiqi , Xing Zhuo , Kuai Chunguang , Wang Feng Ryan , Guo Yuzheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) driven by renewable electricity in neutral electrolyte presents a promising way for generating H2O2, which is suitable for daily sanitation and hygiene management. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) serves as an effective molecular electrocatalyst, providing active sites to facilitate H2O2 generation during ORR through a uniform distribution on carbon supports. However, the catalytic performance currently falls short of industrial application requirements. Herein, we employed carbon nanohorns with abundant oxygen functional groups (CNH(O)) to support CoPc, thereby optimizing the distribution of CoPc and enhancing the generation of active sites with electron‐deficient Co centres. Control experiments and characterizations demonstrate the electron‐deficient of Co centres is dependent on the degree of CoPc aggregation, highlighting a trade‐off between loading weight and distribution of CoPc. Then, a 4% loading weight of CoPc on CNH(O) exhibited the optimal performance of H2O2 generation, achieving a H2O2 current density of 483 mA cm−2 at a potential of 0.3 V vs RHE with a Faradaic efficiency of 64 %.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer Between Donor (Eosin‐Y) and Acceptor (Naphthoquinone) in a Supramolecular Array Based on a Coordination Cage Host
Authors: Tipping Max B. , Woolley Jack M. , Williams James R. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAn octanuclear M8L12 coordination cage host (HPEG ⋅ M) in aqueous solution binds neutral electron‐accepting guests such as naphthoquinone (NQ) in its central cavity via the hydrophobic effect, and multiple anionic photosensitisers such as Eosin‐Y (EY2−) around the exterior surface due to 16+ charge on the complex cation: this is confirmed by both solution titration experiments and X‐ray crystallography. In the three‐component assembly HPEG ⋅ Cd/EY2−/NQ, photoexcitation of EY2− at 525 nm results in ultrafast (ca. 1 ps) photoinduced EY2−→NQ electron transfer from surface‐bound EY2− to cavity‐bound NQ (which have been brought into close proximity by their interactions with different sites on the host cage) to give the charge‐separated pair EY⋅−/NQ⋅−, identified by transient absorption spectroscopy: back‐ET results in charge recombination in ≈70 ps. The assembly of donor and acceptor components via orthogonal interactions using the host cage as a scaffold presents a promising route into spatial control of multiple components in supramolecular arrays for photophysical applications.
The ash deposition and structure characteristics for radiant syngas cooler based on the fluid‐thermal‐structure method using numerical simulation
Authors: Zhang Guoyu , Gong Yan , Xu Jianliang , Guo Qinghua , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe radiant syngas cooler (RSC) has the potential to significantly enhance energy efficiency as a critical heat recovery device in entrained‐flow coal gasification technology. The dimensions of the RSC have a direct impact on the flow and heat transfer processes. In this study, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the heat transfer, ash deposition, and thermal structural deformation characteristics based on the fluid‐thermal‐structure interaction method of the RSC. The simulation results exhibit a high degree of correlation with the industrial data. The results indicate that the increase in length‐diameter ratios decreases the area of the recirculation zone. Ash deposition thickness increases with the increase of length–diameter ratios. A maximum ash deposition thickness of 15.2 mm while the length‐diameter ratio is 9. The effect of ash deposition is amplified with an increase in length–diameter ratios on heat transfer. The thermal deformation of top and bottom structures is observed to increase with an increase in length–diameter ratios without ash deposition while decreasing with ash deposition. For the optimized RSC structure, an increase in inlet temperature and load results in a corresponding increase in ash layer thickness, while the effect on thermal deformation is limited. The current results can serve as a reference for the integral structural optimal design of industrial RSC.
An 80‐MS/s 60.9‐dB SNDR Fully Differential Ring Amplifier‐Based SAR‐Assisted Pipelined ADC With Dual Redundancy in 65‐nm CMOS
Authors: Chen Hao , Jian Mingchao , Wang Zhenyu , Xie Huanlin , Sun Bo , Guo Chunbing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a single‐channel, 12‐bit, 80‐MS/s SAR‐assisted pipelined ADC. A ring amplifier is used as the inter‐stage residue amplifier, employing dynamic biasing to enhance PVT stability. Additionally, the drain‐source voltage of the MOS transistor is utilized to generate a dead‐zone voltage, which reduces the impact on the secondary pole frequency and further improves stability. A non‐binary weighted capacitor array is employed in the two‐stage sub‐ADC to provide redundancy, reduce settling time, improve speed, and work in conjunction with the common‐mode stable switching timing. This approach solves the problem that traditional switching timing can only correct one‐sided settling errors, thereby fully exploiting the redundancy's correction capability. The prototype ADC was fabricated in a 65‐nm CMOS process and consumes 5.85 mW from a 1.1‐V power supply at 80 MS/s. The SNDR and SFDR are 53.93 and 70.33 dB, respectively, with a Nyquist input, achieving a Walden figure‐of‐merit (FoM) of 179 fJ/conversion‐step.
Efficient Computation Offloading and Data Transmission Strategy for 3D Object Detection in Edge Computing Networks
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhang Ruiheng , Song Tingting , Ban Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT3D object detection leverages sensors like LiDAR and cameras to capture scene information, enabling precise determination of objects' spatial positions and orientations. This technology finds extensive applications in autonomous driving, smart homes, industrial automation, and intelligent security systems. However, high‐precision 3D object detection algorithms often require substantial computational resources, posing limitations for deployment on resource‐constrained devices. In this paper, we devise an efficient computation offloading and data transmission framework specifically tailored for edge computing networks to address this challenge. Our framework takes into account both the computing and communication capabilities of terminal devices and network conditions, offloading suitable computation tasks to the edge for processing. This approach mitigates the algorithm's performance requirements on terminal devices. Furthermore, we propose a data transmission scheme that incorporates attention mechanisms and hardware‐accelerated coding. This scheme effectively reduces detection time and enhances overall system performance. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly enhances the efficiency of 3D object detection on resource‐constrained devices within edge computing networks, while maintaining high detection accuracy.
Screening and Quantification of the Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA From Seized Prison Paper Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Approaches
Authors: Vaccaro Giorgia , Stair Jacqueline L. , Kirton Stewart B. , Baker Daniel , Guirguis Amira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInfusing synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists on paper quickly became a main route for illicit entry into prisons (i.e., mail correspondence) in the last decade. So far, there are limited data on validated detection methods and typical concentration profiles of these substances on paper to inform interventions. An approach to quantify and map the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA on a seized paper sample from a UK Prison was determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The seized paper sample was initially screened using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry that confirmed the presence of 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA. A quantification method was then optimised and validated for the SCRA using a simple liquid chromatography–quadrupole Dalton–mass spectrometry system. Percentage recovery studies were carried out on paper spiked with 1, 5 and 20 mg/cm2 of 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA with five consecutive MeOH extractions. Results showed that one extraction recovered 83%–86%, while three extractions resulted in 98%–99% 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA recovery. Finally, the method was used to determine the concentration profile across the seized paper sample; 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA was in detectable amounts on all the paper subunits (n = 39) ranging between 0.26 and 55.13 μg/cm2, displaying a wide distribution of concentrations. Concentration profiles of SCRAs on seized paper samples are informative for interventions for those who are abusing or handling these substances in custodial settings but also provide key concentration ranges for those developing advanced methods of analysis in this area.
Insect hosts are nutritional landscapes navigated by fungal pathogens
Authors: De Fine Licht Henrik H. , Csontos Zsuzsanna , Nielsen Piet Jan Domela Nijegaard , Langkilde Enzo Buhl , Kjærgård Hansen August K. , Shik Jonathan Z. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNutrition can mediate host–pathogen interactions indirectly when specific deficiencies (e.g., iron or glutamine) constrain host immune performance. Nutrition can also directly govern these interactions as invading pathogens colonize finite landscapes of nutritionally variable host tissues that must be optimally foraged during pathogen development. We first used a conceptual framework of nutritional niches to show that insect‐pathogenic Metarhizium fungi navigate host landscapes where different tissues vary widely in (protein [P] and carbohydrates [C]). We next tested whether host‐specific Metarhizium species have narrower fundamental nutritional niches (FNNs) than host‐generalists by measuring pathogen performance across an in vitro nutritional landscape simulating a within‐host foraging environment. We then tested how developing pathogens navigate nutritional landscapes by developing a liquid‐media approach to track pathogen intake of P and C over time. Host‐specificity did not govern FNN dimensions, as the three tested Metarhizium species: (1) grew maximally across C treatments assuming P was present above a lower threshold, and (2) similarly initiated dispersal behaviors and sporulated when either C or P became depleted. However, specialist and generalist pathogens navigated nutritional landscapes differently. The host specialist (M. acridum) first prioritized C intake, but generalists (M. anisopliae, M. robertsii) prioritized P and C according to their availability. The numbers of known hosts may be insufficient to delimit pathogens as specialists or generalists as diverse hosts do not necessarily comprise diverse nutritional landscapes. Instead, the immune responses of hosts and nutritional niche breadth of pathogens are likely co‐equal evolutionary drivers of host specificity.
Ibudilast Protects Retinal Bipolar Cells From Excitotoxic Retinal Damage and Activates the mTOR Pathway
Authors: Hamadmad Sumaya , Heisler‐Taylor Tyler , Goswami Sandeep , Hawthorn Evan , Chaurasia Sameer , Martini Dena , Summitt Diana , Zatari Ali , Shalash Rahaf , Sohail Misha , Urbanski Elizabeth G. , Bernstein Kayla , Racine Julie , Satoskar Abhay , El‐Hodiri Heithem M. , Fischer Andy J. , Cebulla Colleen M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIbudilast, an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and phosphodiesterase (PDE), has been recently shown to have neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurologic diseases. We utilize a chick excitotoxic retinal damage model to investigate ibudilast's potential to protect retinal neurons. Using single cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we find that MIF, putative MIF receptors CD74 and CD44, and several PDEs are upregulated in different retinal cells during damage. Intravitreal ibudilast is well tolerated in the eye and causes no evidence of toxicity. Ibudilast effectively protects neurons in the inner nuclear layer from NMDA‐induced cell death, restores retinal layer thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), and preserves retinal neuron function, particularly for the ON bipolar cells, as assessed by electroretinography. PDE inhibition seems essential for ibudilast's neuroprotection, as AV1013, the analogue that lacks PDE inhibitor activity, is ineffective. scRNA‐seq analysis reveals upregulation of multiple signaling pathways, including mTOR, in damaged Müller glia (MG) with ibudilast treatment compared to AV1013. Components of mTORC1 and mTORC2 are upregulated in both bipolar cells and MG with ibudilast. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked accumulation of pS6 but did not reduce TUNEL positive dying cells. Additionally, through ligand‐receptor interaction analysis, crosstalk between bipolar cells and MG may be important for neuroprotection. We have identified several paracrine signaling pathways that are known to contribute to cell survival and neuroprotection and might play essential roles in ibudilast function. These findings highlight ibudilast's potential to protect inner retinal neurons during damage and show promise for future clinical translation.
Attenuation of High Gamma Activity by Repetitive Motor Tasks
Authors: Sanada Takahiro , Kapeller Christoph , Jordan Michael , Miyauchi Masaharu , Fukuyama Shusei , Kimura Teruo , Hiroshima Satoru , Kinoshita Manabu , Nakano Naoki , Guger Christoph , Tsuyuguchi Naohiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHigh gamma activity (HGA) is a crucial biomarker for functional brain mapping, particularly in sensorimotor areas, to preserve functionality after brain surgeries. HGA mapping paradigms typically involve multiple task blocks alternating with resting (R) conditions, where each block comprises consecutive tasks under nonresting (NR) conditions. However, the repetitive nature of these tasks may lead to attenuation due to repetition suppression, potentially compromising the accuracy of HGA mapping. This study tests the hypothesis that repetitive grasping paradigms result in attenuated HGA over time in sensorimotor areas. It explores the temporal and spatial characteristics of this attenuation to optimize electrocorticography (ECoG) HGA protocols and enhance result interpretation. Eleven consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy or malignant glioma were included in this study. Intracranial electrode locations on the pre‐ and postcentral gyrus were considered regions of interest (ROI). Each patient performed ten blocks of ten consecutive grasping trials. The mean z‐scored HGA (60–170 Hz) across these trials was calculated, and attenuation was analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Obtained signals were also divided into three grouped periods for R and NR groups to assess short‐term attenuation within movement blocks and long‐term attenuation over multiple blocks. Electrode locations were mapped to the MNI152 (Montreal Neurological Institute) brain template to investigate the spatial distribution of attenuation. Distances from each electrode to the hand‐knob region were compared between attenuated and nonattenuated electrodes. A total of 568 electrodes from 11 patients were analyzed, including 139 electrodes within the ROI. Thus, 60 electrodes demonstrated significant HGAs during the grasping task (p < 0.05). Sensorimotor HGA z‐scores significantly attenuated over time during both consecutive grasping trials and repeated blocks. Short‐term attenuation (25%, 15/60 electrodes in ROI) was more pronounced than long‐term attenuation (15%, 9/60 electrodes in ROI). Notably, three patients undergoing intraoperative mapping demonstrated less short‐term attenuation compared to long‐term attenuation. Spatially, attenuated electrodes clustered around the hand‐knob region of the precentral gyrus and adjacent areas of the postcentral gyrus. However, no significant differences were observed in the distances from electrodes to the hand‐knob region between attenuated and nonattenuated electrodes. The present study showed that repetitive grasping tasks attenuated the HGA of significant electrodes in the sensorimotor area over time. Considering the findings with the characteristics can further improve the usability of ECoG mapping in terms of more precise results in the most reasonable mapping time.
Metagenomic Analysis of Lung Microbiome in Patients With Interstitial Lung Diseases and Sarcoidosis: An Experimental Study
Authors: Takeuchi Suguru , Kawada Jun‐ichi , Suzuki Atsushi , Sakamoto Koji , Fukuda Yuto , Horiba Kazuhiro , Suzuki Takako , Torii Yuka , Shindo Yuichiro , Ito Yoshinori 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsInteractions between the lung microbiome and pulmonary epithelium plays a pivotal role in shaping immunity in the lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common interstitial lung disease (ILD). Some patients with IPF develop episodic acute exacerbations often associated with microbial dysbiosis in the lungs. This study aimed to investigate etiologic agents as well as the lung microbiome in patients with ILDs and sarcoidosis.MethodsThis study analyzed 31 patients divided into the IPF (IPF‐stable, n = 12), acute exacerbation of ILDs (AE‐ILDs, n = 6), and sarcoidosis (n = 13) groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were analyzed by RNA‐based metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on an Illumina platform.ResultsIn total, 87 pathogens were detected using metagenomic NGS at the genus level. Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Veillonella dominated the BALF microbial communities, and sequence reads of these bacteria were abundant, especially in the sarcoidosis group. Conversely, only a small number of bacterial reads were detected in the AE‐ILDs group, and the overall proportion of microbial composition differed from that of the other groups. No significant difference was found in community diversity (α‐diversity) among the groups, whereas the structural similarity of the microflora (β‐diversity) differed significantly between the AE‐ILDs and sarcoidosis groups.ConclusionsBacterial sequence reads in BALF were smaller in both the IPF‐stable and AE‐ILD groups than in the sarcoidosis group. Dysbiosis in the lung microbiome has been observed in patients with AE‐ILD and may be related to the progression of inflammation.
Impact of Settling and Resuspension on Plastic Dynamics During Extreme Flow and Their Seasonality in Global Major Rivers
Authors: Nakayama Tadanobu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironmental contamination by plastics has been receiving considerable attention from scientists, policymakers and the public over the last few decades. Though some of the models have succeeded in simulating the transport and fate of plastic debris in freshwater systems, a complete model is now being developed to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the plastic budget on a continental scale. Recently, the author linked two process‐based eco‐hydrology models, NICE (National Integrated Catchment‐based Eco‐hydrology) and NICE‐BGC (BioGeochemical Cycle), to a plastic debris model that accounts for both the transport and fate of plastic debris (advection, dispersion, diffusion, settling, dissolution and biochemical degradation by light and temperature), and applied this new model on a regional scale and also for global major rivers. The present study newly incorporated resuspension and bedload transport by extending the author's previous investigations. The simulated results showed that large‐sized micro‐plastics were distributed more in riverbeds than in river water. Although small‐sized micro‐plastics are suspended in the water and large‐sized micro‐plastics settle in the riverbed under normal flow, floods disturb this equilibrium completely and resuspend large‐sized micro‐plastics in the water. Because the percentage of exported micro‐plastic load stored in the riverbed during flood periods is relatively high in some global major rivers, the amount of plastic deposited in riverbeds might be smaller than in lakes and dams. The riverine plastic transport to the ocean revised in the present study was 1.218 ± 0.393 Tg/yr, with macro‐plastic flux 0.793 ± 0.305 Tg/yr and micro‐plastic flux 0.426 ± 0.248 Tg/yr, being within the range of previous values, that is, 0.41–4.0 Tg/yr. These results aid the development of solutions and measures for the reduction of plastic input to the ocean, and help to quantify the magnitude of plastic transport under climate change.
Enhanced Photothermal Tumor Ablation Using Polypyrrole‐Gold Nanocomposites Activated by Polarized Polychromatic Low‐Energy Light: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Ibrahim Jilan S. , Hanafi Neamat , Sliem Mahmoud A. , El‐Tayeb Tarek A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPhotothermal therapy (PTT) offers a minimally invasive approach for cancer treatment, using light energy to selectively heat and destroy cancer cells. Success in PTT depends on efficient, stable, and biocompatible photothermal agents. This study investigates polypyrrole@gold nanocomposites (PPy@Au NCs) as photothermal agents combined with polarized polychromatic low‐energy light (PPLEL) to target tumors and limit disease progression. In vivo experiments on Ehrlich carcinoma‐bearing female Swiss albino mice demonstrated that PPy@Au NCs selectively accumulated in tumor tissue and, when activated by PPLEL, generated sufficient heat for effective tumor ablation. This approach enhanced treatment efficacy and presented a cost‐effective solution due to the affordability of both the nanocomposite and light source. Histopathological analysis confirmed significant tumor reduction, suggesting that this synergistic combination offers a promising cancer treatment strategy. Findings support further research and potential clinical applications in photothermal cancer therapy.
Gold Nanorods (GNRs): A Golden Nano Compass to Navigate Breast Cancer by Multimodal Imaging Approaches
Authors: Varma Sanjana , Bamb Aagam Lalit , Haldar Niladri , Gajbhiye Virendra , Amalnerkar Dinesh , Chaudhari Bhushan Pradosh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe ongoing rise in the incidences of breast cancer cases has concerned medical and scientific personnel around the world. Adequate treatment of cancer predominantly relies on the pertinent diagnosis of the type of cancer as well as other molecular and cellular details at the initial stage only. Surprisingly, up till now, there is no single, self‐reliant imaging modality that helps to systematically find out the anatomical and functional events taking place inside the body. This resulted in the advent of the multimodal imaging concept, which encompasses the integration of complementary imaging modalities by designing multimodal imaging probes. Gold nanorods (GNRs) are extremely popular and effective nanoparticles for multimodal bioimaging due to their unique properties. Researchers have designed varieties of stable and biocompatible GNR‐based probes for targeted and nontargeted multimodal imaging of breast cancer. However, there is a lack of investigations on the in vivo fate and the toxicity of GNRs. Thus, their preclinical to clinical translation can be attained by comprehensively determining the in vivo fate and toxicity of GNRs. The review provides details about the GNRs‐based nanoprobes fabricated so far for breast cancer imaging, which, by consequent studies, can be taken up to clinical usage.