bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes to Animals in the Animal Protection Community Compared to a Normative Community Sample
Authors: Taylor Nicola , Signal Tania 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAttitudes toward the treatment of nonhuman animals in the animal protection community remain largely under researched. In an attempt to begin to rectify this, this study conducted a survey of 407 members of the animal protection community using the Animal Attitude Scale (AAS). The survey also asked participants to indicate whether they identified more with (a) animal rights or animal welfare perspectives and (b) a direct or indirect action approach to securing animal protection. Results of the current study indicate that, regardless of philosophical or practical beliefs, those in the animal protection community were significantly more pro-animal welfare (as measured by the AAS) than members of the general community. This disparity was even greater between the current participants and those of a previous study who identified as being employed in the Primary Industry (PI) sector. This paper discusses implications of this as well as respondents' philosophical and practical views.
Tails of Laughter: A Pilot Study Examining the Relationship between Companion Animal Guardianship (Pet Ownership) and Laughter
Authors: Valeri Robin Maria 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA pilot study examined the relationship in daily life between companion animal guardianship (pet ownership) and peoples' laughter. The study divided participants (n = 95) into 4 mutually exclusive groups: dog owners, cat owners, people who owned both dogs and cats, and people who owned neither. For one day, participants recorded in "laughter" logs the frequency and source of their laughter and the presence of others when laughing. Dog owners and people who owned both dogs and cats reported laughing more frequently than cat owners, as did people who owned neither. The most frequent source of laughter was spontaneous laughter resulting from a situation. People who owned both dogs and cats reported most frequent spontaneous laughter resulting from an incident involving a pet. Dog owners reported less; cat owners, the least. Dog owners and people who owned both dogs and cats reported laughing more frequently in the presence of their pets than did cat owners. Findings suggest a complex relationship between pet ownership and laughter. Dogs may serve as friends with whom to laugh or their behaviors may provide a greater source of laughter.
Market Forces and Kangaroos: The New South Wales Kangaroo Management Plan
Authors: Mills Jacqueline 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn contemporary times, wildlife managers attempt to provide solutions to problems arising from conflicting uses of the environment by humans and nonhuman animals. Within the Kangaroo Management Zones of New South Wales (NSW), the commercial culling "solution" is one such attempt to perpetuate kangaroo populations on pastoral land while supporting farmers in continuing inefficient sheep farming. Because wildlife management rests on a distinction between the "nature" of humans and animals, then humanist attention to standards of individual welfare need not interrupt the process whereby individual animals are killed within an economic framework designed to improve habitat management for the conservation of their populations. Building on Thorne's (1998) discussion of the meanings scripted onto individual kangaroo bodies, this paper explores the utilitarian underpinnings of the commercialization approach and considers the ethical implications of constructing the population as resource, even if this results in an improvement in the welfare of individual kangaroos.
Monkey Mountain as a Megazoo: Analyzing the Naturalistic Claims of "Wild Monkey Parks" in Japan
Authors: Knight John 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn Japan, yaen kōen or "wild monkey parks" are popular visitor attractions that show free-ranging monkey troops to the paying public. Unlike zoos, which display nonhuman animals through confinement, monkey parks control the movements of the monkeys through provisioning. The parks project an image of themselves as "natural zoos," claiming to practice a more authentic form of displaying animals-in-the-wild than that practiced by the zoo. This article critically evaluates the monkey park's claim by examining park management of the monkeys. The article shows the monkey park's claim to display wild monkeys to be questionable because of the way that provisioning changes monkey behavior. Against the background of human encroachment onto the forest habitat of the monkey, the long-term effect of provisioning is to sedentarize nomadic monkey animals and to turn the wild monkey park into a megazoo.
Ehud and Joab: separated at birth?
Authors: Wong Gregory T.K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlthough rarely noticed, the portrait of Ehud in Judg. iii 15-22 and that of Joab in 2 Sam. iii 27 and xx 8-10 actually bear an uncanny resemblance to each other. Given the number of parallels within such brief accounts, it seems more than likely that the resemblance is not accidental, but represents the conscious use of allusion on the part of one of the authors. Rhetorically, a case is made that the Ehud account has priority and that the Joab accounts were composed to echo the former. If so, this may have significant implications towards the evaluation of Ehud. For contrary to the largely positive evaluations of Ehud by contemporary commentators, the allusion to Ehud in clearly uncomplimentary accounts about Joab may suggest that an early tradition exists that views the use of deception by Ehud with a degree of disquietude.
Psalm xviii: theophany, epiphany empowerment
Authors: Shnider Steven 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe theophany in Psalm xviii includes, together with the storm imagery, images of wings/flight and bows/arrows in a combination appearing nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible Hebrew (HB). On the other hand, in the iconography of the ancient Near East, these motifs are often part of a divine apparition, especially to a king in battle. One of the major examples is the winged disc, which in many cases contains the image of a god armed with a bow. We present a number of examples of the motifs of winged gods and bows from Egyptian and Neo-Assyrian sources, both iconographic and textual. In particular, the Neo-Assyrian parallels relate to the theme of the divine glory, kbd, Akk. melammu, and the divine empowerment of the king which assures his victory in battle. In the context of these examples, the theophany (vss. 8-18) and the battle scene (vss. 30, 33-43) can be understood as two perspectives on a single event involving God and the king. This approach leads us to suggest an emendation in the difficult verses, 35-36.
The narratorial voice of the scribes of samaria: Ezra iv 8-vi 18 reconsidered
Authors: Berman Joshua 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe presence of a large block of Aramaic narrative in Ezra iv-vi has long posed a conundrum for scholars of Ezra-Nehemiah. Bill Arnold has explained the presence of Aramaic as a shift in perspective to "an external point of view." This study expands upon Arnold's thesis on two fronts. First, the evidence suggesting a perspective of narration that is external to the camp of the returned Judeans is far stronger than Arnold indicated. Second, a concrete identity for this external voice of Aramaic narration is proposed. The argument begins by identifying the constructed perspective and position of the speaker "we" in v 4, concluding—counter to the consensus within scholarship—that it is a gentile speaking. This conclusion is then supported by attending to the vocabulary and discourse utilized throughout this Aramaic pericope. In the final stage the precise gentile identity of the narratorial voice of this Aramaic pericope is identified.
Writing about writing: abecedaries and evidence for literacy in Ancient Israel
Authors: Hess Richard S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe 2005 discovery of an abecedary from the tenth century BCE at the Judean site of Tel Zayit dramatically attests to the increasing evidence for the presence of writing during the Israelite monarchy. As an example from early in the history of the development of the Hebrew script, this text supplements epigraphic and biblical attestations to the early and ongoing presence of readers and writers at many levels of Israelite society.
History and apocalyptic eschatology: a reply to J.Y. Jindo
Authors: DiTommaso Lorenzo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractJ.Y. Jindo proposes that "history is what characterizes prophetic eschatology and myth is what typifies apocalyptic eschatology." The evidence indicates, however, that a concern for history sits at the heart of apocalyptic literature, or at least the historical apocalyptica. Moreover, the nature and presentation of the history in this literature indicates a pervasive and comprehensive apocalyptic historiography. Since apocalyptic literature played a substantial role in ancient and mediaeval Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and continues to play some role today—the scope and influences of this historiography might be greater than hitherto envisioned.
Dans les assemblées je bénirai YHWH: nouvelle étude structurelle du Psaume xxvi
Authors: Auffret Pierre 
Published: August 2006

AbstractL'auteur reprend ici, en confrontation avec la proposition de Marc Girard (1996), son étude structurelle du psaume xxvi (1989, avec compléments en 1997). Il commence par étudier la structure littéraire de chacune des unités et sous-ensembles, et parvient au terme à distinguer trois parties 1-3 (autour de 2a), 4-10 (autour de 7), 11-12a (autour de 11b), 12b reprenant au terme le centre de 4-10.
Zebaoth – der Thronende
Authors: Kreuzer Siegfried 
Published: August 2006

AbstractZebaoth is the most frequent attribute for Jhwh in the Hebrew Bible. It's connotation is god's majesty and power. Yet its etymology and original meaning are still under debate. In modern research as well as in the OT, sebāot is connected with the root sābā, meaning "host". The changing identifi cations (the hosts of Israel's army, the stars as Jhwh's heavenly hosts, all of Jhwh's creation) and the modern interpretations (esp. as an abstract plural or plural of intensity) as well as the grammatical problems of the combination "Jhwh sebāot", point to the idea, that sebāot had an non-Hebrew origin and was taken over and understood in Hebrew context. The paper then takes up and advances the suggestion of M. Görg, that sebāot has an Egyptian origin, in the sense of "belonging to/owning the throne". This is explained and advanced in its linguistic development, and in relation to the political and religio-historical situation of Canaan at the turn from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age, including the archaeological evidence concerning Shilo in relation to nearby Aphek, the Egyptian administrative center at that time. So, Zebaoth designates the enthroned, powerful god in his majesty; this basic understanding is held through, though understood in the light of the Hebrew word for hosts, which were identified in different—appropriate—ways.
Bee's honey—from realia to metaphor in biblical wisdom literature
Authors: Forti Tova 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe word děbāš in the Bible denotes various types of fruit syrup as well as the honey produced by bees. An overview of the literary adaptation of honey in biblical narrative and poetry leads us to an impressive assemblage of honey metaphors in the wisdom books of Proverbs and Job. This study identifies four rhetorical categories which encompass both didactic and reflective frameworks of honey imagery: A. 'Honey' as a metaphor of internalization wisdom and attaining good reputation; B. 'Honey' as a symbol of restraint and moderation against overindulgence; C. 'Honey' as a metaphor for temptation and ensnarement; D. 'Honey' in the context of the two antithetical idiomatic expressions; "Honey under the tongue" and "venom under the tongue". These expressions serve to draw an ideational contrast between the pleasant words of the Wise and the evil stratagems of the Wicked. My investigation will provide insight into the way that particular qualities of raw bee honey inspired the composers of the various metaphors.
Christian Use and Valuation of Theological Oracles: The Case of Lactantius' Divine Institutes
Authors: Freund Stefan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn four places in his Divine Institutes the Latin apologist Lactantius (about AD 250-325) quotes Greek hexameters from Apollinic oracles. An analysis of these quotations yields the following results: the oracles either provide rhetoric lumen in so far as the pagan God appears as witness for the Christian doctrine or they are introduced as a concession to this pagan readers. Within Lactantius' apologetic concept the oracles play but a small part both in quantity and argumentation. It is unclear which sources Lactantius draws his oracles from. Since most verses cited by Lactantius are transmitted elsewhere, too, and date from a time long before him, one will have to assume there was a collection of oracular responses generally accessible. No connection at all can be found with Porphyry's De philosophia ex oraculis. The theory supported in recent research that Lactantius refers to this work in his apology is untenable.
The Other Clement of Alexandria: Cosmic Hierarchy and Interiorized Apocalypticism
Authors: Bucur Bogdan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClement of Alexandria's Excerpta ex Theodoto, Eclogae Propheticae, and Adumbrationes depict a cosmic hierarchy featuring, in descending order, the divine Face, the seven beings first created, the archangels, and the angels. This account is problematic in that it seems to incorporate a contradiction: one set of texts presents a fix cosmic hierarchy populated by different types having at its top the seven protoctists. A second set of texts, however, interprets this process of initiation as a continuous ascent on the cosmic ladder, marked by an ongoing cyclical transformation of humans into angels, of angels into archangels, and of archangels into protoctists.This article sets forth the principles governing Clement's hierarchical cosmos, and proposes a solution to the apparent contradiction between the two accounts. In essence, Clement of Alexandria internalizes the cosmic ladder and the associated experience of ascent and transformation, offering an early example of what scholars have termed "interiorized apocalypticism."
The Eucharisticos of Paulinus Pellaeus: Towards a Reappraisal of the Worldly Convert's Life and Autobiography
Authors: CoşKun Altay 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAfter a sketch of Paulinus' autobiography, his spiritual life is outlined, whereby the view of his adherence to a 'heresy' is rejected. Next the intentions underlying the composition of the Eucharisticos are reconsidered: they are to be sought in the author's need to reassure and to comfort himself rather than to impress his contemporaries. Instead of censuring the poem as marred with inconsistencies—many of which are rather due to modern misreadings—the verses of thanksgiving are viewed as a remarkable and mostly successful attempt at coming to grips with the disruptions and inconsistencies of the world Paulinus lived in.
Are Amici Curiae the Proper Response to the Public's Concerns on Transparency in Investment Arbitration?
Authors: Mourre Alexis 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the context of investment arbitration, amici curiae have for a long time been quite unheard of. This can easily be explained by the privacy of international arbitration, which implies that only directly involved parties can participate in the proceedings. Several recent decisions have, however, brought renewed attention to the issue of amici curiae intervention in investment arbitration.
Fair and Equitable Treatment: Echoes of FDR's Court-Packing Plan in the International Law Approach Towards Regulatory Expropriation
Authors: Kantor Mark 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this article, the author compares U.S. Constitutional law addressing "regulatory takings," including substantive due process, with analogous international investment law reviewing regulatory expropriations. Many of the concepts underlying the U.S. approach towards substantive due process appear in discussions of the meaning of international investment law protections, particularly the "Fair and Equitable Treatment" (F&ET) obligation. The article first reviews direct efforts by the U.S. Government to harmonize U.S. Constitutional practice and international law with respect to regulatory expropriations. It then considers how the U.S. substantive due process and procedural due process approaches towards regulation of property interests compare with the developing body of F&ET decisions and commentary concerning regulatory conduct of a host State.
Effective Judicial Remedies: The Limits of Direct and Indirect Access to the European Community Courts
Authors: Heffernan Liz 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between two perennial items on the reform agenda, direct access to the Community courts for private applicants, and requests by the national courts for preliminary rulings from the Court of Justice on questions of Community law. Ongoing developments suggest that the time is ripe for renewed debate concerning the ability of existing mechanisms to secure effective access to justice for the European citizenry.
Establishment of the European Union Civil Service Tribunal
Authors: Cameron Hazel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe European Union Civil Service Tribunal, the first judicial panel to be attached to the Court of First Instance under the reforms agreed at Nice, recently heard its first case. Its establishment is significant for two reasons. First, it will make a much needed reduction in the case load of the CFI. Second, it is innovative in its approach to the appointment of judges, for the first time in the European judicial structure moving away from the traditional approach of Member State nomination to direct application and consideration of applications by a Selection Committee.
The "Sceptical Crisis" Reconsidered: Galen, Rational Medicine and the Libertas Philosophandi
Authors: Maclean Ian 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper reassesses the role of sceptical thinking in the emergence of the new science of the seventeenth century, in the context of the seminal but contestable History of Scepticism by Richard Popkin. It investigates the anti-sceptical essay by Galen De optimo modo docendi (on the best method of teaching), which was retranslated in the sixteenth century by Erasmus and later published as an adjunct to the works of Sextus Empiricus, in order to highlight the currency of ideas about hyperbolic doubt, and links this to the long tradition of free enquiry (libertas philosophandi) in which doubting authority is seen as a profitable exercise closely associated with the independence of philosophy from theological domination; and it argues that this long tradition (along with a number of other factors) played an important role in the emergence of the new science.
Failure Load Prediction of Composite Joints using Linear Analysis
Authors: Ryu Choong-O , Choi Jin-Ho , Kweon Jin-Hwe 
Published: August 2006

With the wide application of fiber-reinforced composite materials in aero-structures, robotic arms, and mechanical parts, the design of composite joints has become a very important research area. In this article, linear finite element analyses in which the pin of the composite joint is assumed to be a frictionless rigid body are performed and the failure load of the mechanically fastened composite joint is predicted by the failure area index (FAI) method. From these analyses, it has been found that the FAI method can predict the failure loads of composite joints to within 20.1%.
A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon versus Patellar Tendon Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sajovic Matjaz , Vengust Vilibald , Komadina Radko , Tavcar Rok , Skaza Katja 
Published: August 2006

Background There are still controversies about graft selection for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Prospective randomized long-term studies are needed to determine the differences between the materials. Hypothesis Five years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there is a difference between hamstring and patellar tendon grafts in development of degenerative knee joint disease. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods From June 1999 to March 2000, 64 patients were included in this prospective study. A single surgeon performed primary arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in an alternating sequence. In 32 patients, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with hamstring tendon autograft, whereas in the other 32 patients, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with patellar tendon autograft. Results At the 5-year follow-up, no statistically significant differences were seen with respect to the Lysholm score, clinical and KT-2000 arthrometer laxity testing, anterior knee pain, single-legged hop test, or International Knee Documentation Committee classification results; 23 patients (82%) in the hamstring tendon group and 23 patients (88%) in the patellar tendon group returned to their preinjury activity levels. Graft rupture occurred in 2 patients from the hamstring tendon group (7%) and in 2 patients from the patellar tendon group (8%). Grade B abnormal radiographic findings were seen in 50% (13/26) of patients in the patellar tendon group and in 17% (5/28) of patients in the hamstring tendon group (P =. 012). Conclusion Both hamstring and patellar tendon grafts provided good subjective outcomes and objective stability at 5 years. No significant differences in the rate of graft failure were identified. Patients with patellar tendon grafts had a greater prevalence of osteoarthritis at 5 years after surgery.