bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic determinants of energy, fat and dietary fibre intake in Australian adults
Authors: Evans Ann , Booth Heather , Cashel Karen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education, occupation and region of birth) and absolute levels of energy, fat and fibre intake in adults at the national level.Design, setting and subjectsThe 1983 National Dietary Survey of Adults (NDSA), covering six Australian capital cities, collected food and nutrient intake data using the 24-hour recall method, from subjects aged 25–64 years (n = 6255).ResultsInteractions of variables occurred, especially for males. The greatest effect on male intake of all three dietary components was a combination of age and education. For females, the main explanatory variable for fat and energy intake was age, but that for fibre was a combination of region of birth and education. Both education (alone or in combination) and region of birth (alone or in combination) had a greater effect than occupation (alone or in combination).ConclusionsEnergy, fat and fibre intakes vary considerably between sociodemographic groups. Such variability must be taken into account in formulating policy and planning decisions and in assessing temporal change.
Comparison of a dietary record using reported portion size versus standard portion size for assessing nutrient intake
Authors: Welten Desiree C , Carpenter Ruth A , McPherson R Sue , Brodney Suzanne , Douglass Deirdre , Kampert James B , Blair Steven N 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveBecause the percentage of missing portion sizes was large in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS), careful consideration of the accuracy of standard portion sizes was necessary. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the consequences of using standard portion sizes instead of reported portion sizes on subjects' nutrient intake.MethodsIn 2307 men and 411 women, nutrient intake calculated from a 3-day dietary record using reported portion sizes was compared with nutrient intake calculated from the same record in which standard portion sizes were substituted for reported portion sizes.ResultsThe standard portion sizes provided significantly lower estimates (> 20%) of energy and nutrient intakes than the reported portion sizes. Spearman correlation coefficients obtained by the two methods were high, ranging from 0.67 to 0.93. Furthermore, the agreement between both methods was fairly good. Thus, in the ACLS the use of standard portion sizes rather than reported portion sizes did not appear to be suitable to assess the absolute intake at the group level, but appeared to lead to a good ranking of individuals according to nutrient intake. These results were confirmed by the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), in which the assessment of the portion size was optimal. When the standard portion sizes were adjusted using the correction factor, the ability of the standard portion sizes to assess the absolute nutrient intake at the group level was considerably improved.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the adjusted standard portion sizes may be able to replace missing portion sizes in the ACLS database.
Predicting under- and overnutrition among women of reproductive age: a population-based study in central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Winkvist Anna , Nurdiati Detty Siti , Stenlund Hans , Hakimi Mohammad 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate changes over 1 year in weight and body mass index (BMI) among a population-based sample of non-pregnant women in Indonesia and to identify risk factors for developing under- and overnutrition.DesignCross-sectional studies in 1996 and 1997 in the same population.SettingPurworejo District, central Java, Indonesia.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n = 4132) aged 15–49 years of age who participated in both 1996 and 1997. Based on BMI, women were classified as having chronic energy deficiency (CED), and as being either of normal weight or obese.ResultsThe mean height of the women was below the fifth percentile of international standards. In 1996, 16.2% had CED, 72.2% were normal and 11.6% were obese. In 1997, the corresponding figures were 14.4%, 71.2% and 14.3%, respectively, revealing a significant mean increase in weight and BMI. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 3.0% developed CED in 1997. Significant risk factors for developing CED were experiences of child deaths and non-use of contraceptives. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 5.3% developed obesity in 1997. Here, significant risk factors included most indicators of wealth as well as occupation.ConclusionsThe results should be important for future efforts to prevent CED and obesity in the general population; conditions which are both associated with health risks.
Types of drinks consumed by infants at 4 and 8 months of age: a descriptive study
Authors: Emmett Pauline , North Kate , Noble Sian ,   ALSPAC Study Team
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo document the type and volume of drinks given to infants and investigate whether giving supplementary drinks leads to reduced milk consumption.DesignCarers were asked to record all drinks consumed by the infants in a 24-hour period at two ages, detailing the types and volume taken.SettingThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC).SubjectsA randomly chosen population sample of over 1000 infants at 4 and 8 months of age.ResultsThe different types of milk feed were used to group infants, compare volumes consumed and look at the use of non-milk drinks. The average volume of drinks consumed over 24 hours at 4 months was 861 ml and at 8 months was 662 ml. At 4 months 69.7% consumed infant formula and 43.0% breast milk. The mean volume of milk consumed by those having only formula was 802 ml and for those having only breast milk was estimated at 850 ml. The volumes of milks consumed were slightly lower in the groups who also had supplementary drinks. A quarter of infants were given fruit drinks and 14.6% herbal drinks. Supplementary drinks and solids were more likely to be given to formula-fed than breast-fed infants. At 8 months, formula milk was consumed by 71.4% and breast milk use had decreased (22.9%) but fruit drink use had increased (squash/cordial: 55.8%, fruit juice: 14.9%), with 13.9% of infants having no infant milk at all. More infants were fed formula milk and less were fed cows' milk compared with a nationally representative British study conducted 5 years earlier.ConclusionsMany infants were given supplementary drinks by 4 months; there is some evidence that this led to a small reduction in milk intake. A minority were not being given infant milks at all by 8 months, contrary to British infant feeding recommendations.
Breast-feeding in sub-Saharan Africa: outlook for 2000
Authors: Walker Alexander RP , Adam Fatima I 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed that 1.5 million infants die annually, unnecessarily, from deprival or from insufficiency of breast milk. Hence, the need for its maximal use, very particularly in impoverished populations, such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. In many developed populations, a generation ago the practice was very low, but now it has risen considerably. In contrast, in Africa and in most developing populations, despite the far greater need for breast-feeding, the practice is tending to decrease, especially among urban mothers. While the most common reasons given concern insufficiency of breast milk and employment of mothers, the latter, especially urban mothers, are under strong and increasing pressure to use proprietary replacement foods. These are often made up unsatisfactorily and are contaminated. Also influential are the often less than enthusiastic, and confusing, attitudes of staff at clinics and hospitals, albeit, due in part to their very heavy workloads. Additionally, there is societyp's relatively indifferent attitude to breast-feeding. Currently, a hugely adverse factor is the danger of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transference from seropositive mothers to their infants – in some African countries almost half of antenatal mothers are infected. Chances of early control of the infection are remote. However, apart from this danger, and from the pressure from replacement food companies, the outlook for breast-feeding practice in many African countries is unlikely to improve significantly until greater encouragement is given from State, local and other health authorities.
Diet quality of young children who received nutrition education promoting lower dietary fat†
Authors: Dixon Lori Beth , Tershakovec Andrew M , McKenzie Jeannie , Shannon Barbara 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of nutrition education promoting lower dietary fat on the overall diet quality in children using a multidimensional index that measures nutrient and food intakes in relation to US dietary recommendations.DesignProspective cohort study with two intervention and two control groups. Children with elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were randomized to one of two intervention groups or an at-risk control group. The intervention children received either the parent–child autotutorial (PCAT) programme, a 10-week home-based self-instruction nutrition education programme, or nutrition counselling from a registered dietitian. Children with non-elevated plasma cholesterol formed the not-at-risk control group. Dietary and blood data were collected at baseline and at 3 months.SettingPaediatric practices in suburbs north of Philadelphia, PA.SubjectsTwo hundred and twenty-seven 4–10-year-old children with elevated LDL cholesterol between the 80th and 98th percentiles, and 76 age- and gender-matched children with non-elevated plasma cholesterol, were studied.ResultsChildren who received PCAT or counselling significantly improved their overall diet quality (−0.6 and −0.4 change in diet quality index (DQI) scores) compared with at-risk control children. Children who received either form of nutrition education were more likely to meet the recommendations for three components of the DQI (total fat, saturated fat, sodium) (OR <1.7), but did not improve their intakes of three components of the DQI (vegetables and fruits, complex carbohydrates, calcium) at 3 months.ConclusionsNutrition education promoting lower dietary fat improved children's overall diet quality. However, several dietary behaviours important for long-term health remained unchanged.
Differences in fat-related dietary patterns between black, Hispanic and white women: results from the Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations
Authors: Kristal Alan R , Shattuck Ann L , Patterson Ruth E 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis report examines how sources of fat and patterns of fat-related dietary habits differed between black, Hispanic and white women participating in a randomized trial of a low-fat diet intervention.DesignThe intervention consisted of group sessions, which met weekly for 6 weeks, biweekly for 6 weeks and monthly for 9 months, and included didactic nutrition education and activities to provide motivation for sustained dietary change. Outcomes included total fat and fat from nine food groups from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and a summary scale and five subscales that measure fat-related dietary habits.Setting/subjectsData are from 1702 post-menopausal women, recruited from clinical centres in Atlanta, Birmingham and Miami, with dietary assessments at baseline and 6 months post-randomization.ResultsTotal fat intake was similar across race/ethnic groups at baseline, yet there were many differences in sources of fat and fat-related dietary habits. For example, blacks consumed less fat from dairy foods and more fat from meats than whites. Effects of the intervention on total fat intake or the summary fat-related dietary habits scale did not differ across race/ethnicity groups. There were, however, many differences in how the intervention affected sources of fat and fat-related dietary habits. For example, the intervention effect for added fats (e.g. butter and salad dressings) was −8.9 g for blacks and −12.0 g for whites (P< 0.05). The intervention effect for adopting low-fat meat purchasing and preparation methods was larger for blacks than whites, and the intervention effect for replacing high-fat foods with fruits and vegetables was larger for Hispanics than whites.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that, if properly designed, a single nutrition intervention programme can work well even in groups with culturally diverse dietary patterns.
Physical activity and nutrition in older adults
Authors: Dontas AS , Moschandreas J , Kafatos A 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPhysical activity and nutrient intake are important determinants of health throughout life. Many of the alterations in physiological structure and function that occur with age may result from disuse and disability as well as from diets deficient in energy, protein or other specific nutrients. Although a healthy diet can provide significant health benefits, diet alone, is not sufficient to provide optimal health, nor protect us from the hazards of sedentary habits. Nor is physical activity alone. The ideal combines sufficient exercise and a healthy diet.
Specifying the antecedents of breast-feeding duration in Peru through a structural equation model
Authors: Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Cobas José A , Balcazar Hector , Benin Mary Holland 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine the effects of socioeconomic status and biocultural variables (planned pregnancy, prenatal care, timing of initiation of breast-feeding and caesarean section delivery) on breast-feeding duration in Peru using structural equation models.Design and setting:Structural equation models were analysed with LISREL using data from the 1991–92 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey.Subjects:Models were tested among 6020 women whose last child was born within 5 years of the survey and among 2711 women whose last child was born 2–5 years preceding the survey.Results:Unplanned pregnancy and socioeconomic status had a negative influence on breast-feeding duration. Prenatal care was positively associated with the timing of breast-feeding initiation in both samples and with breast-feeding duration in the whole sample. The timing of breast-feeding initiation was inversely associated with breast-feeding duration only in the sample of older children.Conclusions:These results imply that an unplanned pregnancy, a delayed breast-feeding initiation, and higher socioeconomic status are risk factors for an earlier discontinuation of breast-feeding through complex mechanisms involving direct and indirect effects.
SNP analysis to results (SNPator): a web-based environment oriented to statistical genomics analyses upon SNP data
Authors: Morcillo-Suarez Carlos , Alegre Josep , Sangros Ricardo , Gazave Elodie , de Cid Rafael , Milne Roger , Amigo Jorge , Ferrer-Admetlla Anna , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Gardner Michelle , Casals Ferran , Pérez-Lezaun Anna , Comas David , Bosch Elena , Calafell Francesc , Bertranpetit Jaume , Navarro Arcadi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Summary: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most widely used marker in studies to assess associations between genetic variants and complex traits or diseases. They are also becoming increasingly important in the study of the evolution and history of humans and other species. The analysis and processing of SNPs obtained thanks to high-throughput technologies imply the time consuming and costly use of different, complex and usually format-incompatible software. SNPator is a user-friendly web-based SNP data analysis suite that integrates, among many other algorithms, the most common steps of a SNP association study. It frees the user from the need to have large computer facilities and an in depth knowledge of genetic software installation and management. Genotype data is directly read from the output files of the usual genotyping platforms. Phenotypic data on the samples can also be easily uploaded. Many different quality control and analysis procedures can be performed either by using built-in SNPator algorithms or by calling standard genetic software.
Availability: Access is granted from the SNPator webpage http://www.snpator.org.
Contact: arcadi.navarro@upf.edu; bioinformatica.cegen@upf.edu
Supplementary information: Additional information, including tutorials and example datasets, is available from SNPator's webpage.
Seasonal effects on foraging behaviour of two sympatric species of couas in the western dry forest of Madagascar
Authors: Chouteau Philippe , Fenosoa Raymond 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCoquerel’s Coua (Coua coquereli) and Red‐capped Coua (Coua ruficeps) occur in the western dry forest of Ankarafantsika in northwest Madagascar. This kind of forest is characterized by an alternating of a dry and a rainy season. Although they belong to the same genus, the two species differ in appearance, with Red‐capped Coua being slender than Coquerel’s Coua. We analyse their respective foraging strategies, according to the seasonal variation. The foraging behaviour of both species was different and was also influenced by the seasonal variations. They tended to use the same main substrates but differed in the proportion of foraging techniques according to the season. Seasonal variations probably have an important effect on the prey availability (estimated by the rate of prey capture), the nature of prey and also alternative foraging substrates used, forcing the two species to use different techniques and probably to capture different prey. These different foraging strategies could maintain the coexistence between these two species.
The stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α dependent migration of human cord blood CD34+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells switches from protein kinase C (PKC)‐α dependence to PKC‐α independence upon prolonged culture in the presence of Flt3‐ligand and interleukin‐6
Authors: Kasenda Benjamin , Kassmer Susannah H. , Niggemann Bernd , Schiermeier Sven , Hatzmann Wolfgang , Zänker Kurt S. , Dittmar Thomas 
Published: June 2008

SummaryAddition of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐6 to the culture medium of human cord blood haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been shown to lead to an altered stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α‐dependent migratory phenotype. This study investigated whether this effect was attributed to a differential engagement of protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes. The migratory activity of both Flt3‐ligand and Flt3‐ligand/IL‐6 cultured cord blood HSPCs was PKC‐α dependent on day 1, but PKC‐α independent after 5 d of cultivation. PKC‐α expression was not down‐regulated in cells cultured for 5 d indicating a switch of signalling molecules directing cell migration.
Confirmed prevalence of food allergy and non‐allergic food hypersensitivity in a Mediterranean population
Authors: Gelincik A. , Büyüköztürk S. , Gül H. , Işιk E. , İşsever H. , Özşeker F. , Çolakoğlu B. , Dal M. , Ayvaz Ö. , Güngör G. , Akkor A. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryBackground
Until the present, no comprehensive studies evaluating the prevalence of food allergy and non‐allergic food hypersensitivity (FA/NAFH) in adults have been done in Turkey or its surrounding countries.Objective
This large population‐based study was planned to identify the confirmed prevalence of adverse reactions to food in adults in Istanbul.Methods
A total of 17 064 telephone numbers were randomly selected from both the European and Asian sides of Istanbul, and the 11 816 subjects who agreed to participate in the study were addressed with a questionnaire of eight items. Those who disclosed food‐related complaints in this survey were called again and a similar questionnaire was repeated. The respondents who were suspected of having food allergy or food hypersensitivity were invited for a personal clinical investigation that included double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge tests.Results
The lifetime prevalence of self‐reported FA/NAFH was found to be 9.5% [1118/11 816; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.94–10.00%]. After the clinical investigations, the point prevalence of FA/NAFH, which also included the ‘possible FA/NAFH group’, was found to be as low as 0.3% (30/11 816; 95% CI: 0.17–0.36%), and the FA/NAFH rates assessed by double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge tests were 0.1% (12/11 816; 95% CI: 0.05–0.18%) and 0.1% (11/11 816; 95% CI: 0.05–0.17%), respectively. The most significant factor influencing FA/NAFH was familial atopy (adjusted OR 4.3; 95% CI: 3.67–4.99), and the most related atopic disease was itching dermatitis/urticaria (adjusted OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 3.31–4.54).Conclusion
We may conclude that FA/NAFH in the Turkish population seems to be low when compared with Northern and Western European countries. This may be due to genetic, cultural or dietary factors, and further studies evaluating the reasons for this low prevalence of FA/NAFH in our population are needed.
Transcript levels of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in CD4+T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Balada Eva , Ordi‐Ros Josep , Serrano‐Acedo Silvia , Martinez‐Lostao Luis , Rosa‐Leyva Maria , Vilardell‐Tarrés Miquel 
Published: June 2008

SummaryGlobal DNA hypomethylation in CD4+T cells has been detected in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and it seems to be linked to its pathogenesis. We investigated the relationship between overall DNA methylation and the expression of three DNA (cytosine‐5) methyltransferases involved in the DNA methylation process. The DNA deoxymethylcytosine (dmC) content of purified CD4+T cells from 29 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls was measured by means of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The transcript levels of DNA cytosine‐5‐methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA cytosine‐5‐methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and DNA cytosine‐5‐methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) were quantified by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Association studies were also carried out with several laboratory parameters, as well as with the patients’ clinical manifestations. SLE patients had a significantly lower CD4+T‐cell DNA dmC content than controls (0·802 ± 0·134 versus 0·901 ± 0·133) (P = 0·007). No differences in transcript levels were observed for DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B between patients and controls. The simultaneous association of low complement counts with lymphopenia, high titres of anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA), or an SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) of > 5, resulted in the increase of at least one of the three DNA methyltransferases. It is possible that patients were reacting indirectly to an underlying DNA hypomethylation status by increasing the mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferases when the disease was being definitely active.
Effect of gaseous ozone on microbial inactivation and sensory of flaked red peppers
Authors: Akbas Meltem Y. , Ozdemir Murat 
Published: June 2008

SummaryFlaked red peppers inoculated with Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and B. cereus spores were exposed to gaseous ozone at 20 °C and 70% relative humidity (RH). Ozone concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm up to 360 min were used to reduce E. coli and B. cereus, whereas 1.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 ppm ozone concentrations for 360 min were used to treat B. cereus spores. When flaked red peppers were treated with 1.0 ppm ozone concentration for 360 min, B. cereus and E. coli counts were decreased by 1.5 and 2.0 log numbers, respectively. Bacillus cereus spores were reduced by 1.5 log numbers at ozone concentrations of 7.0 ppm or above for 360 min. There were slight changes in flavour, appearance and overall palatability of flaked red peppers treated with ozone between 5.0 and 9.0 ppm. Ozone concentration (1.0 ppm) for 360 min can be used to decrease E. coli and B. cereus, whereas ozone concentrations ≥5.0 ppm can be used to reduce B. cereus spores.