bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A century of controversy surrounding posttraumatic stress‐spectrum syndromes: The impact on DSM‐III and DSM‐IV
Authors: Kinzie J. David , Goetz Rupert R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors describe historical clinical reports that preceded the development of criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and influenced the formation of PTSD in DSM‐IV These reports were identified from extensive search of 19th‐ and 20th‐century American and European medical literature. Relevant findings from the most representative reports are described and discussed. Since the mid‐19th century, clinical syndromes resembling PTSD have been described. However, understanding of PTSD has been complicated by questions of nomenclature, etiology, and compensation. Nomenclature placed PTSD syndromes under existing psychiatric disorders: traumatic hysteria, traumatic neurasthenia, or traumatic neurosis. Etiological issues have been concerned often solely with organic factors, pre‐existing personality impairments, intrapsychiatric conflicts, and social factors. Only after World War II and the concentration camp experiences did the role of severe trauma in PTSD become recognized. Even though controversy remains, much progress in understanding PTSD has been made.
The long‐term sequelae of sexual abuse: Support for a complex posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Zlotnick Caron , Zakriski Audrey L. , Shea M. Tracie , Costello Ellen , Begin Ann , Pearlstein Teri , Simpson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and symptoms of a newly proposed complex posttraumatic stress disorder or disorder of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS). Compared to 34 women without histories of sexual abuse, 74 survivors of sexual abuse showed increased severity on DESNOS symptoms of somatization, dissociation, hostility, anxiety, alexithymia, social dysfunction, maladaptive schemas, self‐destruction, and adult victimization. In addition, a logistic regression found that a complex of symptoms representing DESNOS was significantly related to a history of sexual abuse. Consistent with other studies, the results of this study provide support for the idea that symptoms of DESNOS characterize survivors of sexual abuse.
Psychological adaptation of anxiety disorder patients following repeated exposure to emergency situations
Authors: Somer Eli , Keinan Giora , Carmil Devora 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThirty one patients in treatment for anxiety disorders and 31 controls were interviewed within hours after both the first and second Iraqi missile attacks on Israel during the Gulf war. After the first attack patients did not report higher anxiety levels, nor were they more pessimistic about the war and their fate in the war than the control subjects. Anxiety disorder patients tended to be engaged in cognitive‐behavioral tactics for self‐calming, while control subjects clearly preferred to cope by interacting with their social and physical environments. Following the second missile bombardment, patients were more inclined to retain their initial levels of anxiety and pessimism, while controls seem to have better adapted and showed significant improvements in those variables. The results are discussed in terms of coping skills and vulnerability as factors influencing adaptation to prolonged emergency situations.
Program evaluation of an intervention approach for staff assaulted by patients: Preliminary inquiry
Authors: Flannery Raymond B. , Penk Walter E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCrisis intervention procedures for emergency services personnel and healthcare providers are increasingly being utilized to address the psychological sequelae of acute stress during critical incidents. While anecdotal evidence suggests the efficacy of these approaches, more formal experimental inquiry has been limited. This brief report outlines one strategy for conducting program evaluation of a crisis intervention approach for staff who are assaulted by patients. This outcome design was implemented in multiple sites, even as the service was being delivered.
Appraisal of control and coping with air‐raids
Authors: Arambasic Lidija 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the appraisal of control (secondary appraisal) and coping as reactions to the air‐raids in the city of Zagreb. Coping was assessed with the Croatian version of Ways of Coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and secondary appraisal was operationalized as control over the occurrence and over the outcome/consequences of the air‐raid. The hypotheses that appraisal of low control would yield more emotion‐focused and passive coping, and that appraisal of high control would be linked with problem‐focused and active coping, were not confirmed. The results were interpreted in terms of so‐called emotional habituation. Additionally, some unique characteristics of the air‐raid were identified and explained as the key variables in the interpretation of the obtained results: an air‐raid is a very specific stressful situation, it is homogeneous in content, and it is a chronic and repeated stressor. The problems with generalization of these data to all stressful events were pointed out.
The impact of cohesive groups in the trauma recovery context: Police spouse survivors and duty‐related death
Authors: Violanti John M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of surviving spouse social interactions on psychological distress following the death of a police officer. It was hypothesized that satisfactory interactions within the police work group would lower distress, and unsatisfactory interactions outside the police environment (justice system, media, community persons) would increase distress. Results indicated that increased quality of interactions with police groups lowered psychological distress scores. Despite increased satisfaction with groups outside of policing, spouse's distress still increased, suggesting that satisfaction with and support by police groups appears to ameliorate distress more effectively than others. These findings suggest that police agencies and personnel may be helpful to surviving spouses after the death of an officer and should formulate policy to provide long term contact and assistance.
Mental defenses and posttraumatic stress disorder: Assessment of criminal intent
Authors: Sparr Landy F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSince its formal introduction into psychiatric nomenclature more than a decade ago, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become firmly entrenched in the legal landscape. In part, this is because PTSD seems easy to understand. It is one of only a few mental disorders for which the psychiatric Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) describes a known cause. Since the diagnosis is usually based on patients' self‐report, however, it creates the possibility of distortion aimed at avoidance of criminal punishment, and, as a result, has achieved mixed success as a criminal defense. When providing expert testimony, mental health witnesses must take care to distinguish between mere PTSD and a causal connection between PTSD and the criminal act in question. PTSD has not only been used to abrogate or diminish responsibility, but also to arrange pre‐trial plea bargaining agreements or play a role in sentencing determinations. The author explores various uses and potential abuses of PTSD in criminal jurisprudence and offers suggestions regarding retrospective PTSD assessment.
The impact of the holocaust on the second generation: Norwegian Jewish holocaust survivors and their children
Authors: Major Ellinor F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe entire population of Norwegian‐born Jews who survived the German concentration camps and their children was examined, and compared to Norwegian‐bom Jews who escaped to Sweden, and their children. An attempt is made to look for the symptoms described as a “second generation syndrome” by several authors. The present findings do not support the presence of serious psychopathology among the children of Norwegian‐bom Jewish survivors as a group, but indicate a certain degree of psychological vulnerability among these children. As adults, they are more often engaged in health/social care professions and organizations and also show signs of greater assimilation to their non‐Jewish surroundings than the comparison group.
Childhood abuse and subsequent sexual assault among female inpatients
Authors: Cloitre Marylene , Tardiff Kenneth , Marzuk Peter M. , Leon Andrew C. , Portera Laura 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship between a history of childhood abuse and subsequent sexual assault was assessed among 409 consecutive female inpatient admissions. A total of 45% of the sample reported a history of some form of childhood abuse and 22% reported at least one adulthood sexual assault. A hierarchical logistic regression indicated that, after controlling for sociodemographic and diagnostic variables, women with a history of childhood abuse were 3.1 times more likely to have experienced an adult sexual assault compared to those without abuse. There was a higher prevalence of adult sexual assault among women reporting only physical abuse or physical and sexual abuse than those reporting only sexual abuse, indicating the significance of physical abuse as a potential risk factor for adult sexual assault.
Vietnam combat exposure and recent drug use: A national study
Authors: Reifman Alan , Windle Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTraumatic life experiences may have long‐term adverse psychological consequences, including illicit drug use. We analyzed data from the 1985–1986 Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study to investigate this issue. Over 2,400 Vietnam veterans indicated the amount of combat to which they had been exposed, and reported on their drug use while in the Army and during the year interval prior to the interview. Combat exposure was significantly related to recent drug use, even when Army drug use and demographic factors were controlled statistically.
A profile of help‐seeking Australian veterans
Authors: Creamer Mark , Jackson Alun , Ball Richard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhile considerable information is available regarding American Vietnam veterans, surprisingly little has appeared concerning veterans of other nationalities who served in the Vietnam war. This paper provides a preliminary profile of help‐seeking Australian veterans in order to afford a comparison with the available American data. Collected in the context of a review of the Vietnam Veterans Counselling Service (WCS), demographic data suggest that the client population is similar in many ways to that of the American posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Clinical Teams. Problems commonly reported by clients of WCS included posttraumatic stress, relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, and problems with pensions and benefits. A postal survey of a sub‐sample of current clients revealed a mean score on the Combat Exposure Scale of 19.27 and a mean score on the Mississippi Scale for PTSD of 118.43. Again, these findings are broadly comparable with those of American help‐seeking veterans.
Replication and extension of a risk profile for Amerasian youth
Authors: Webb John A. , McKelvey Robert S. , Strobel Roddy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship between number of risk factors and symptoms of anxiety and depression was examined in a cohort of Vietnamese Amerasians, replicating a study done with a previous cohort. One hundred forty seven subjects awaiting U.S. placement completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Vietnamese Depression Scale, and a questionnaire which included items found to be risk factors for psychological distress among Amerasians. Number of risk factors was linearly related to symptoms of both depression and anxiety. Results are consistent with previous findings of the relationship between risk factors and symptoms of psychological distress. The profile may be helpful in anticipating which refugees may be at risk for future psychological distress, and thus be useful in preventively allocating scarce treatment resources.
Frequency and severity of panic attack symptoms in a treatment seeking sample of trauma victims
Authors: Falsetti Sherry A. , Resnick Heidi S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the frequency and severity of panic attack symptoms and panic attacks that develop in relation to the experience of traumatic events in 62 subjects seeking treatment for trauma‐related symptomatology. Results indicated a high incidence of panic attacks (69%). Many individuals also thought they were going crazy or losing control (72%) or having a heart attack (38%) within the 2 weeks prior to assessment. These findings indicate that similar to panic disordered patients, many trauma victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) not only experience physiological symptoms of panic, but are also fearful of these symptoms.
Antidepressant treatment, posttraumatic stress disorder, survivor guilt, and spiritual awakening
Authors: Khouzam Hani Raoul , Kissmeyer Perla 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had a major depressive episode that was responsive to treatment with the antidepressant fluoxetine. In contrast to the remission of other symptoms of depression, the associated feature of survivor guilt became more dramatically obvious. Individualized treatment of survivor guilt may be needed for patients with PTSD and major depression.
The role of the translator/interpreter in knowledge transfer environments
Authors: Cranefield Jocelyn , Yoong Pak 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of a larger research project that investigated the factors impacting on inter‐organisational transfer in the New Zealand State Sector. Seven gatekeepers (boundary‐spanning individuals) from different organisations were interviewed about their experiences in facilitating knowledge transfer between a cross‐sector working group and their organisation. The context for the research was the Pathfinder Project, a project based around the development and transfer of an emergent knowledge model for strategic management, Managing for Outcomes (MfO). A range of factors that facilitated knowledge transfer were identified. Among these, translation and interpretation activities were found to be critical to successful knowledge transfer. Gatekeepers reported acting as translator/interpreter, an essential role which demanded specialised skills. The nature of this role is outlined, with reference to a staged model for knowledge transfer that emerged from the research project. The translator/interpreter role required gatekeepers to engage in active and continuous conversion of knowledge to meet the differing needs of a range of recipients. This helped to increase the overall absorptive capacity of participating organisations. Implications of these findings for research and practice are outlined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CBT for emotional distress of people with cancer: some personal observations
Authors: Greer Steven 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe detrimental effect of a helpless coping response on the quality of life of cancer patients is well documented. Helplessness is significantly related to emotional distress. There is also evidence that this coping response is an independent prognostic factor associated with a significantly increased risk of disease recurrence and death. These findings highlight the need to develop specific strategies to enable patients to overcome helplessness. Recent research in patients with advanced cancer indicates that emotional distress appears to be caused by low levels of positive effect. Consequently, attention should be paid to the much neglected study of positive psychological states such as fighting spirit and resilience. In the meantime, some suggestions—based on clinical experience—of inducing and fostering positive effect in our patients are outlined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical Breakdown of Argon and Trimethylsilane in Low‐Pressure DC Discharges: The Surface‐States Equilibration Principle
Authors: Yasuda Hirotsugu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe fundamental steps in creating glow discharges of Ar and TMS are completely different. While the glow discharge of Ar is the physical transformation of Ar atoms caused by ionization, the glow discharge of TMS is the chemical transformation of molecules that yields hydrogen atoms and variety of chemically reactive species, mostly free radicals (species with an un‐paired electron), caused by the low‐energy electron‐impact dissociation. The distribution of electron temperature and electron density in the broken‐down gas phase of Ar is re‐examined in light of the breakdown process, and the concept of the reference energy state of the luminous gas phase is presented.magnified image
Deposition and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films from Allyltrimethylsilane Glow Discharges
Authors: Milella Antonella , Palumbo Fabio , Delattre James L. , Fracassi Francesco , d'Agostino Riccardo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThin films with a dielectric constant in the range of 1.9–4.5 have been deposited under different experimental conditions from allyltrimethylsilane (ATMS) and oxygen fed glow discharges. The thermal stability of the coatings is evaluated from thickness loss during the annealing process at 400 and 450 °C. Extremely low values of dielectric constant can be obtained at low input power and oxygen flow rate. However, control over the annealing temperature must be gained in order to avoid excessive film matrix collapse with subsequent deterioration of dielectric properties. For the lowest dielectric constant of 1.9, thickness shrinkage of 11% has been detected. Deposition temperature is also found to strongly affect film dielectric constant and chemical composition while input power modulation does not improve the dielectric properties of the films.magnified image
Plasma Modification of PDMS Microfluidic Devices for Control of Electroosmotic Flow
Authors: Martin Ina T. , Dressen Brian , Boggs Mark , Liu Yan , Henry Charles S. , Fisher Ellen R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) capillary electrophoresis microchips were modified using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), resulting in modified electroosmotic flow (EOF) values. Octafluoropropane (C3F8) and acrylic acid (AA) plasmas were chosen as initial test systems for device modification. Argon plasma pretreatments were used to improve adhesion of the fluorocarbon (FC) and AA films. Contact angle measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrated that the Ar/C3F8 plasma treatment of PDMS results in the deposition of a hydrophobic, crosslinked FC film, whereas the Ar/AA plasma treatment results in the deposition of a hydrophilic film with ionizable acid groups. The extent of plasma modification within the device channels was explored using scanning Auger microscopy and dye absorption measurements. EOF values were measured for plasma‐treated chips as a function of pH, and aging studies were performed to determine the durability of the plasma treatments. Results show that EOF is decreased in Ar/C3F8 plasma‐treated chips, and varies less with pH than untreated devices. Additionally, EOF measurements are constant for a minimum of 5 d. In contrast, EOF for Ar/AA plasma‐treated devices is dependent on pH. EOF measurements of C3F8 and AA treated chips without the Ar pretreatment are less stable, particularly in the AA case. In addition to improving adhesion, the Ar plasma treatment results in a decreased hydrophobic dye absorption into the PDMS, which is attributed to the physical crosslinking of the polymer by the Ar plasma.magnified image
Helium Ion Irradiation of Polymer Films Deposited from TMS‐Ar Plasmas
Authors: Gelamo Rogério V. , Durrant Steven F. , Trasferetti Benedito C. , Davanzo Celso U. , Rouxinol Francisco P. M. , Bica de Moraes Mário A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolymer films synthesized from plasmas of a tetramethylsilane ‐ Ar mixture were modified by irradiation with 170 keV He ions at fluences ranging from 1 × 1014 to 1 × 1016 cm−2. As revealed by infrared spectroscopy, the ion beam produced intense bond rearrangements, such as the depletion of bonding groups (CH and SiH), and induced the formation of new ones, such as OH and SiO. From the nanoindentation measurements, a remarkable increase in the surface hardness of the films was observed as the ion fluence was increased. The increases in hardness were accompanied by an increase in the film compaction as shown by using a combination of RBS and film thickness measurements. From both hardness and infrared measurements it was concluded that, under the He ion bombardment, the polymer structure is transformed into a silicon oxycarbide network.magnified image
The Effect of Temperature on the Removal of DCM using Non‐Thermal, Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasma‐Assisted Catalysis
Authors: Harling Alice M. , Wallis Anna E. , Whitehead J. Christopher 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA non‐thermal, atmospheric‐pressure plasma has been used to study the effect of temperature on the plasma destruction of DCM in an air stream using a BaTiO3 packed‐bed reactor, co‐filled with TiO2 and γ‐Al2O3 catalysts. Comparisons have been made with plasma alone, catalysis alone and combined plasma/catalysis to determine any synergistic effects of combining plasma and catalysis. Plasma/catalysis is the most successful method for destroying DCM over 125–400 °C. TiO2 was more effective than γ‐Al2O3 for plasma/catalysis. The energy efficiency of plasma/catalysis processing compared to catalysis alone is considered by examining the input power required to achieve equivalent destructions, finding that an energy reduction of ≈30% can be achieved by plasma activation of the catalyst.magnified image
Plasma Deposition of Permanent Superhydrophilic a‐C:H:N Films on Textiles
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Mokbul , Hegemann Dirk , Fortunato Giuseppino , Herrmann Axel S. , Heuberger Manfred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new approach to permanent hydrophilic modification of material surfaces is demonstrated using the deposition of nanoscaled functional coatings in RF plasmas at low temperatures under rivaling deposition/etching conditions. The incorporation of nitrogen and the generation of free radicals in a‐C:H films yields a strong hydrophilic modification when the deposited surface is exposed to atmosphere. Dyeing of nanoporous a‐C:H:N films demonstrated a high coating quality and the incorporation of accessible amine functionalities within the coating. This combination of polar groups with a suitable texturing ensures long‐term mechanical stability of the coating.magnified image