bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchy and war
Authors: Beek Maël van , Lopate Michael Z. , Goodhart Andrew , Peterson David A. , Edgerton Jared , Xiong Haoming , Alam Maryum , Tiglay Leyla , Kent Daniel , Braumoeller Bear F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScholars have written extensively about hierarchical international order, on the one hand, and war on the other, but surprisingly little work systematically explores the connection between the two. This disconnect is all the more striking given that empirical studies have found a strong relationship between the two. We provide a generative computational network model that explains hierarchy and war as two elements of a larger recursive process: The threat of war drives the formation of hierarchy, which in turn shapes states' incentives for war. Grounded in canonical theories of hierarchy and war, the model explains an array of known regularities about hierarchical order and conflict. Surprisingly, we also find that many traditional results of the international relations literature—including institutional persistence, balancing behavior, and systemic self‐regulation—emerge from the interplay between hierarchy and war.
How can previous intergroup contact predict willingness for intergroup interaction? The mediating role of specific intergroup emotions
Authors: Tang Lingjie , Zhang Chang'an , Liu Zhifang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrior research recognizes intergroup emotions as crucial for intergroup attitudes and interactions, but the psychological mechanisms linking prior intergroup interactions to contact intentions remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the joint effects and interplay of Chinese students' positive and negative contact on behavioural intentions to interact with international students in the future. Six affective variables (fear, anger, anxiety, empathy, happiness, and trust) were tested as mediators. Results revealed that positive contact directly predicted stronger contact willingness and indirectly affected this variable through lower levels of fear, anger, and anxiety and higher levels of empathy, happiness, and trust. Negative contact, however, was negatively associated with positive emotions and contact willingness and predicted more negative emotions. All intergroup emotions played significant mediating roles in the relationship between intergroup contact and willingness for future contact, and anxiety, fear, and trust emerged as robust mediators. Notably, positive contact had larger effects as compared to negative contact. Moreover, no association was observed between negative contact and intergroup emotions when positive contact was frequent. However, when both positive and negative contact were at higher levels, positive contact emerged as a more influential predictor of all intergroup emotions. This research emphasizes examining both positive and negative contact and affective variables as contact mediators, shedding light on enhancing contact intentions.
Associations between a paternal healthy lifestyle score and its individual components with childhood overweight and obesity
Authors: Aubert Adrien M. , Douglass Alexander , Murrin Celine M. , Kelleher Cecily C. , Phillips Catherine M. ,   and the Lifeways Cross‐Generation Cohort Study
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaternal healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy have been associated with reduced risk of offspring overweight and obesity (OWOB). However, there has been little investigation, in the context of the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD) paradigm, of the potential influence of the paternal lifestyle on offspring OWOB.ObjectivesTo describe paternal healthy lifestyle factors around pregnancy and investigate their associations, individually and combined, with offspring risk of OWOB during childhood.Materials and methodsParticipants included 295 father–child pairs from the Lifeways Cross‐Generation Cohort Study. A composite paternal healthy lifestyle score (HLS) based on having a high dietary quality (top 40% of the Healthy Eating Index‐2015), meeting physical activity guidelines (≥450 MET‐min/week of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity), having a healthy body mass index (BMI) (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), being a non‐smoker, and having no/moderate alcohol intake, was calculated (range 0–5). Paternal HLS (and individual components) associations with child BMI and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) at age 5 and 9 years were assessed using linear (BMI z‐scores and WHtR) and logistic (IOTF categories) regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsAt age 5 and 9 years, 23.5% and 16.9% of children were classified as living with OWOB, respectively. Of the 160 pairs with a complete HLS, 45.0% of the fathers had unfavorable lifestyle factors, determined by a low HLS between 0 and 2 points. Although a low paternal HLS was not significantly associated with a higher risk of childhood OWOB measured using either BMI z‐scores and IOTF categories, it was associated with a greater child WHtR, an indicator of central adiposity, at 9 years of age (β [95% CI] = 0.04 [0.01,0.07]).Discussion and conclusionAlmost half of the fathers had unfavorable lifestyle factors around pregnancy. A low paternal HLS was associated with a greater child WHtR at 9 years but not with a higher risk of childhood OWOB when measured by BMI z‐scores or IOTF categories.
Surgical and survival outcomes of early‐onset colorectal cancer patients: a single‐centre descriptive Australian study
Authors: Garrett Celine , Steffens Daniel , Solomon Michael , Koh Cherry 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence is increasing in Australia. However, no Australian studies have reported on EOCRC patients' surgical management and survival patterns.MethodsA retrospective study of 111 EOCRC patients treated at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH), Sydney, Australia between January 2013 and December 2021 was performed. RPAH is a quaternary referral centre for pelvic exenteration (PE) and cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC).ResultsMost patients had left‐sided tumours (76.58%) and stage IV disease at the time of presentation (37.85%). 27.93% of patients underwent either CRS/HIPEC and PE and 72.07% of patients underwent other colorectal resections of which the most common was low anterior resection (19.82%). A stoma was fashioned in 50.54% of patients. Complications occurred in 54.95% of patients of which most were Clavien‐Dindo grade II (47.54%). Absolute 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year time intervals were 93.69%, 87.39% and 85.48%. Disease‐free and overall survival were poorer in stage IV patients who had PE, followed by CRS/HIPEC then other colorectal resections (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003).ConclusionsStoma formation, PE and CRS/HIPEC and minor postoperative complications were common in our EOCRC cohort. Despite this, the 5‐year absolute survival rate was acceptable. Thus, an aggressive surgical approach in EOCRC patients at a quaternary referral centre may be feasible at the cost of greater postoperative morbidity. This information is imperative in the surgical consent and preoperative counselling of EOCRC patients and highlights the need for further research to assess the postoperative functional outcomes and quality of life of EOCRC patients.
Review article: Current indications and selection criteria for early liver transplantation in severe alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Ramirez‐Cadiz Carolina , Blaney Hanna , Kubanek Natalia , Díaz Luis Antonio , Loomba Rohit , Skladany Lubomir , Arab Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundAlcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is a severe inflammatory form of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) that carries a high mortality rate. Early liver transplantation for severe AH is increasingly available. However, specific criteria for referral and selection remain a subject of debate.AimsTo provide a narrative review of the natural history, diagnostic criteria and indications for referral for early liver transplantation for severe AH.MethodsWe searched PubMed for articles published through August 2023. Key search terms were ‘alcoholic hepatitis,’ ‘alcohol‐associated hepatitis,’ ‘abstinence,’ ‘alcohol relapse,’ and ‘liver transplantation.’ResultsPreviously, a six‐month period of alcohol abstinence was required before patients with ALD were considered for liver transplantation. However, studies in recent years have demonstrated that, among carefully selected patients, patients who received early transplants have much higher survival rates than patients with similarly severe disease who did not undergo transplants (77% vs. 23%). Despite these successes, early liver transplantation remains controversial, as these patients have typically not undergone treatment for alcohol use disorder, with the ensuing risk of returning to alcohol use.ConclusionsWhile early liver transplantation for AH has survival benefits, many patients would not have received treatment for alcohol use disorder. An integrated approach to evaluating candidacy for early liver transplantation is needed.
Long‐term droughts change the hatching patterns of zooplankton resting eggs from permanent and temporary lakes
Authors: Vargas Anderson L. , Brazil Thamires , Santangelo Jayme M. , Bozelli Reinaldo L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Resting eggs are commonly produced by zooplankton inhabiting permanent and temporary lakes. Although resting eggs are acknowledged to survive varying harsh conditions, the effects of desiccation on the viability and hatching patterns of resting eggs are not fully understood and might be context‐dependent.

This study simulated one long‐term (1 year) dry‐out episode in wet sediments originating from permanent and temporary lakes and compared hatching patterns through ex situ experiments.

The abundance and species richness of hatchlings decreased in dry sediments compared to wet sediments. Hatchling composition differed between wet and dry sediments of each lake category, whereas community variability did not differ between wet and dry sediments of temporary lakes.

Overall, there was no difference in the ability of rotifers and crustaceans to cope with desiccation, since all species decreased hatchling numbers after desiccation. Artemia was the only taxon that benefited from drying sediments.

Long‐term desiccation may affect the contribution of resting egg banks to future active populations in the water column, even in temporary habitats which presumably select for drought‐resistant resting eggs. The ecological roles played by resting egg banks may be weakening because droughts are becoming more common worldwide, even in former permanent aquatic habitats.
First multitaxon assessment of arthropod responses to urbanisation in a widely distributed native and ruderal plant of Brazil
Authors: Barão Kim Ribeiro , Seixas Luziene S. , Nobre Brenda , Ferreira Letícia , Lopes Rosy Valéria R. , Demetrio Guilherme R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Unplanned urban development has consequences for natural ecosystems, resulting in habitat fragmentation and loss. Arthropod responses to urbanisation are well documented in the Global North, but no clear responses are found for the Global South.
We assessed beta diversity, composition, richness and abundance responses of arthropods in Turnera subulata in an urbanisation gradient.
Urbanisation affected arthropod communities' composition, and more urbanised areas showed lower insect richness and abundance. Arthropod taxa did not respond homogeneously to urbanisation.
Turnover best explained the change in beta diversity along the urbanisation gradient, indicating urbanisation causes species replacement compared to less urbanised areas.
We found negative results of urbanisation on the arthropod community on flowers of T. subulata. Our results are a first approximation to the effects of rural–urban gradient of urbanisation on multiple arthropod taxon in Brazil, highlighting the need for maintenance of urban green areas to allow the existence of a richer and more diverse community, especially in the face of the arthropod biodiversity crisis that we are experiencing.
Efficacy of adjunctive octenidine hydrochloride as compared to chlorhexidine and placebo as adjuncts to instrumentation in stage I–II periodontitis: A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rath Avita , Wong Melissa , Li Keehon , Wong Amanda , Tan Lisa , Tan Kenneth , Pannuti Claudio Mendes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized, controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine mouthwashes as adjuncts to instrumentation in stage I–II periodontitis patients.MethodsForty‐five patients with mild‐to‐moderate periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), placebo, and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes. Patients were instructed to use the mouthwash after instrumentation for twice a day up to 3 weeks. Periodontal parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), O'Leary plaque index (PI), Loe and Silness gingival index (GI), Lobene stain index (SI), and oral soft tissue changes were recorded at baseline and once every week for 3 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was also recorded as a self‐administered questionnaire at the end of the study. The one‐way ANOVA was used to compare VAS scores between the groups. The repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Newman–Keuls tests were used to assess the differences in the periodontal parameters between groups at different time intervals. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the mean SI.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the mean GI of the OCT and CHX groups compared to placebo (p < 0.05). OCT usage resulted in significantly less staining, according to mean SI, when compared to CHX. Furthermore, VAS scores revealed that OCT was significantly the preferred mouthwash (p < 0.01).ConclusionAdjunctive octenidine hydrochloride may be an alternative to chlorhexidine in its ability to control the periodontal parameters in patients with stage I–II periodontitis. Further larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
The employment of dental hygienists in European countries: Report of a European Dental Hygienists Federation/European Association of Dental Public Health Survey in 2021
Authors: Rederiene Gitana , Bol‐van den Hil Ellen , Pajak‐Lysek Ewa , Eaton Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis survey aimed to investigate a range of topics relating to the employment of dental hygienists in European countries, whose National Dental Hygienists Associations (NDHAs) were members of the EDHF.MethodsDuring 2020/2021, an online questionnaire and participant information leaflet were distributed by email in each of the 24 countries, whose NDHA is a member of the EFDH or to an EADPH member who was likely to respond.ResultsThe broad term employment of dental hygienists was taken to include current numbers, place of work (public or private clinics and other locations), whether they were currently working as dental hygienists, their pay, any planned changes in their employment and their participation in continuing education. Twenty‐four countries (92%) responded. Hungary and Poland reported that fewer than 35% of their qualified dental hygienists were working as dental hygienists. In 10 countries, often for family reasons, over 40% worked part‐time. In 14 countries, over 70% worked in private clinics. Average annual pay ranged from €8400 in public clinics in Poland to €106,000 in dental hygienist‐owned clinics in Denmark Regular participation in continuing education was mandatory in only nine countries.ConclusionsDental hygienists play a different role within the oral healthcare system in each European country. There is a wide variation in their education, places of employment, annual pay and continuing education requirements.
Peri‐implantitis: Knowledge and attitudes of implantology clinicians regarding the disease management
Authors: de Paula Lucca Gomes , Vieira Jeniffer Lima , dos Santos Débora Rafaella Mendes , Mendes Patrícia Helena Costa , Abdo Victoria Lopes , Duraes Samuel Victor Pereira Barbosa , Bertolini Martinna , Souza João Gabriel Silva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesSince peri‐implantitis is an increasing and prevalent concern in clinical practice and there is no consensus regarding the best therapeutic protocol, this study evaluated the knowledge and behaviours of dentists working in Implantology regarding implant‐related infections modulating factors and therapeutic protocols used in the management of peri‐implantitis.MethodsCross‐sectional study was conducted with 86 Brazilian Implantology clinicians. Data were collected using a structured and online questionnaire evaluating socioeconomic characteristics, education, work/clinical practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding the risk factors and management of peri‐implantitis. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by test–retest technique. The questionnaire was developed based on the last consensus on peri‐implant diseases (2018) and the current evidence related to implant‐related infections. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted adopting a significance level of 5%.ResultsIn this study, 89.5% of included dentists reported that already treated patients with peri‐implantitis. Approximately 80% of dentists use antibiotics and mouth rinses during the treatment, and surgical procedures seem the main choice to treat peri‐implantitis (91.8%) by dentists. As a preventive approach, 94.2% of dentists reported that routinely assessed biofilm accumulation in the follow‐up visits after implant placement. Logistic regression showed that the self‐reported ability to treat peri‐implantitis was statistically (p < 0.05) higher among dentists who reported abilities to diagnose the disease and use laser for peri‐implantitis treatment.ConclusionDentists working in Implantology have a good level of knowledge and behaviors in the management of peri‐implantitis. However, the lack of consensus regarding the best treatment protocols may reflect dentist's behaviours because different treatment protocols have been used by evaluated clinicians.
Trilobatin contributes to the improvement of myopathy in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hermes Túlio de Almeida , Fratini Paula , Nascimento Beatriz Godinho , Ferreira Laís Leite , Petri Giuliana , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Carvalho Alzira Alves de Siqueira , Feder David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) occurs due to genetic mutations that lead to a deficiency in dystrophin production and consequent progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibres, through oxidative stress and an exacerbated inflammatory process. The flavonoid trilobatin (TLB) demonstrates antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential. Its high safety profile and effective action make it a potent therapy for the process of dystrophic muscle myonecrosis. Thus, we sought to investigate the action of TLB on damage in a DMD model, the mdx mouse. Eight‐week‐old male animals were treated with 160 mg/kg/day of trilobatin for 8 weeks. Control animals were treated with saline. Following treatment, muscle strength, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, histopathology (necrotic myofibres, regenerated fibres/central nuclei, Feret's diameter and inflammatory area) and the levels of catalase and NF‐κB (western blotting) of the quadriceps (QUA), diaphragm (DIA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were measured. TLB was able to significantly increase muscle strength and reduce serum CK levels in dystrophic animals. The QUA of mdx mice showed a reduction in catalase and the number of fibres with a centralized nucleus after treatment with TLB. In the DIA of dystrophic animals, TLB reduced the necrotic myofibres, inflammatory area and NF‐κB and increased the number of regenerated fibres and the total fibre diameter. In TA, TLB increased the number of regenerated fibres and reduced catalase levels in these animals. It is concluded that in the mdx experimental model, treatment with TLB was beneficial in the treatment of DMD.
Individual‐level positive psychological capital that enhances managers' transformational leadership effectiveness on nurse career success
Authors: Jung Sujin , Han Kihye , Kim Kyeongsug 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThis study investigated the impact of nurse managers' transformational leadership on the subjective career success of staff nurses, particularly through exploring potential variations in this relationship based on nurses' positive psychological capital.BackgroundAmid a challenging nursing environment, nurses' perceptions of career success affect their individual psychological satisfaction and improve work performance. Human resource strategies often include factors for workers’ subjective career success, e.g., managers’ transformational leadership and individual‐level positive psychological capital.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study collected survey data in 2021 from 348 staff nurses in 40 wards of a Korean tertiary hospital. The survey instruments included the Transformational Leadership tool, the Subjective Career Success Inventory, and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Multilevel hierarchical regression analysis and a simple slope test were used to examine moderating effects. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting.ResultsNurses reported significantly higher subjective career success when they worked in units where unit managers’ transformational leadership was greater. This relationship strengthened when nurses had high positive psychological capital.DiscussionTo enhance staff nurses’ perceptions of career success, both managers' transformational leadership and individual nurses' positivity should be emphasized in nursing practice and education.Implications for nursing and nursing policyComprehensive efforts to highlight managers’ transformational leadership and staff nurses’ positive psychological capital can enhance subjective career success, which in turn improve nurses' job performance and intention to stay. Nursing policymakers should value transformational leadership among managers so nurses can achieve their subjective goals. An organization‐wide institutional system should be developed so nurses can receive support to strengthen their positivity. Future research should include interventions to foster managers' leadership and nurses' positive capital.