bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytosterol Intake and Dietary Fat Reduction are Independent and Additive in their Ability to Reduce Plasma LDL Cholesterol
Authors: Chen Shirley C. , Judd Joseph T. , Kramer Matthew , Meijer Gert W. , Clevidence Beverly A. , Baer David J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe studied the interrelationship of diet and plant sterols (PS) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and carotenoids. Mildly hypercholesterolemic men (n = 13) and postmenopausal women (n = 9) underwent four randomized, crossover, double‐blind, controlled feeding periods of 23 days each. The design consisted of two levels of PS (0 and 3.3 g/day) and two background diets having fat content either typical of the American diet (total and saturated fat at 33.5 and 13.2% of energy, respectively), or a Step 1 type of diet (total and saturated fat at 26.4 and 7.7% of energy, respectively). Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Apo A1 and Apo B were 4.3, 5.3, 4.5, 2.8 and 2.5% lower, respectively (P ≤ 0.0001; <0.0001, 0.0016, 0.0006, and 0.0069), with the Step 1 diet than with the typical American diet. Diet had no effect on TC/HDL cholesterol (P = 0.1062). Plant sterol intake lowered TC, LDL cholesterol, and Apo B by 9.0, 12.4 and 6.1% and TC/HDLC by 9.6% (P ≤ 0.0001 for all), respectively, without affecting HDL cholesterol and Apo A1 (P = 0.2831 and 0.732). The PS effect in lowering plasma TC and LDL cholesterol was independent of and additive to the effect due to dietary fat reduction. Responses of plasma carotenoids to PS intake were consistent with the literature.
And As You Listen: The Oral Narrative of Muhammad Abdel Wahab, Minister of Industry of Egypt, 1984–93
Authors: EzzelArab AbdelAziz 
Published: January 2009

Nationalization was a fatal mistake and so was privatization. Both had the same adverse effect on industrial production. . . . The state could have achieved control over production by undertaking new investments without touching existing private entities. . . . The original size even of a company as large as Mahalla Spinning and Weaving Co. was only 10–12% of its subsequent size as a public sector company. . . . As Minister of Industry, I suffered the consequences of indiscriminate nationalization by having to spend disproportionate time on production issues of small industrial units. . . .
Arbuscular mycorrhizal association in coffee
Authors: ANDRADE S. A. L. , MAZZAFERA P. , SCHIAVINATO M. A. , SILVEIRA A. P. D. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYDespite previous research on mycorrhizal association with plants, the data on associations with coffee (Coffeaspecies) are very sparse despite the great economic importance of this crop for many tropical developing countries. The present paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and coffee plants. This review includes topics on mycorrhizal effects on coffee nutritional status, pathogen–AMF interactions and responses to several environmental stresses. It also summarizes findings about the natural occurrence of AMF in different soils in which coffee is cultivated, some ecological aspects of this specific association and outlines trends for future investigations, which must elucidate the real benefits of mycorrhizae to coffee plants.
Sutter®bipolar radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of palate for snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea: is one treatment adequate?
Authors: Pang K P , Siow J K 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction, using Sutter®technology, in the treatment of snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea.Design:Prospective, non-randomised trial.Methods:Fifty-two patients with simple snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea underwent bipolar radiofrequency palate reduction under local anaesthesia.Results:All patients were Friedman stage II and III, with tonsil sizes graded as zero, one or two, a mean body mass index of 22.6, and a mean age of 36.2 years. Seventy-seven per cent of patients reported improvement in their snoring; patients' mean snoring level (assessed by visual analogue scale) improved from 8.9 to 3.4 (p < 0.05). Eighty-three per cent of patients reported an improvement in their Epworth sleepiness scale score, from a mean of 14.6 to 9.5. Seven out of the 17 patients (41.2 per cent) met the surgical success criteria (i.e. at least a 50 per cent reduction of the pre-procedure apnoea–hypopnoea index, and a post-procedure apnoea–hypopnoea index of below 15). Patients' mean apnoea–hypopnoea index improved from 13.6 to 9.8, and their mean lowest oxygen saturation improved from 88.3 to 92.5 per cent. Eighty-two per cent of patients reported an improvement in their quality of life as a result of the procedure.Conclusion:One session of Sutter bipolar radiofrequency tissue volume reduction represents a viable method of treating snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea, with good results.
Myringoplasty: impact of perforation size on closure and audiological improvement
Authors: Wasson J D , Papadimitriou C E , Pau H 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the impact of perforation size and other variables on the success of myringoplasty, and also to determine audiological gain following successful closure of tympanic membrane perforations of various sizes.Study design:Retrospective analysis of 130 case notes.Main outcome measures:(1) Successful closure of tympanic membrane following myringoplasty, in relation to recorded variables (i.e. perforation size, grade of surgeon, surgical technique, graft material, previous myringoplasty and smoking history). (2) Mean, four-frequency, air conduction audiometric gain following successful myringoplasty for various, pre-operatively categorised tympanic membrane perforation sizes.Results and Conclusion:The collective myringoplasty success rate was 80.8 per cent (105/130); for successful patients, the mean air conduction audiometric gain was −6.8 dB (t = 5.29, p < 0.0001). Neither perforation size nor any other assessed variable was a statistically significant determinant factor for successful myringoplasty. Air conduction audiometric gains following successful myringoplasty were directly correlated with pre-operative perforation size (−4.0 dB for 0–20 per cent perforations, −5.0 dB for 21–40 per cent, −9.1 dB for 41–60 per cent, −10.8 dB for 61–80 per cent and −13.3 dB for 81–100 per cent).
Analytic Lagrangian tori for the planetary many-body problem
Authors: CHIERCHIA LUIGI , PUSATERI FABIO 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn 2004, Féjoz [Démonstration du ‘théoréme d’Arnold’ sur la stabilité du système planétaire (d’après M. Herman). Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.24(5) (2004), 1521–1582], completing investigations of Herman’s [Démonstration d’un théoréme de V.I. Arnold. Séminaire de Systémes Dynamiques et manuscripts, 1998], gave a complete proof of ‘Arnold’s Theorem’ [V. I. Arnol’d. Small denominators and problems of stability of motion in classical and celestial mechanics. Uspekhi Mat. Nauk. 18(6(114)) (1963), 91–192] on the planetary many-body problem, establishing, in particular, the existence of a positive measure set of smooth (C∞) Lagrangian invariant tori for the planetary many-body problem. Here, using Rüßmann’s 2001 KAM theory [H. Rüßmann. Invariant tori in non-degenerate nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. R. & C. Dynamics2(6) (2001), 119–203], we prove the above result in the real-analytic class.
Almost totally disconnected minimal systems
Authors: BALIBREA FRANCISCO , DOWNAROWICZ TOMASZ , HRIC ROMAN , SNOHA L’UBOMÍR , ŠPITALSKÝ VLADIMÍR 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA spaceXis said to be almost totally disconnected if the set of its degenerate components is dense inX. We prove that an almost totally disconnected compact metric space admits a minimal map if and only if either it is a finite set or it has no isolated point. As a consequence we obtain a characterization of minimal sets on dendrites and local dendrites.
Political Viability, Contestation and Power: Islam and Politics in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Freedman Amy L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article explores the impact of Muslim organizations and Muslim political parties in Indonesia and Malaysia and their relationship to democracy. Questions addressed are as follows: How does the political system (broadly described) facilitate or constrain the goals of various Muslim organizations (both groups in society and political parties)? What roles do these Muslim organizations play in impacting politics and where (or in what areas of) in the political process are they most effective? Under what circumstances have Muslim associations and/or parties been a force for (or antagonistic to) democratization? Given the ethnic and regional diversity in Malaysia and Indonesia, the initial hypotheses for these questions are as follows: under authoritarian and semi-authoritarian rule Muslim organizations actually have greater opportunities to polarize rhetoric as they appeal to citizens based on claims of moral supremacy, fulfillment of social welfare needs, and some level of criticism of a restricted or corrupted political order. At different times the Pan-Malayan Islamic Association (PAS), the leading Muslim party in Malaysia (and a dominant opposition party) has had limited appeal to voters. Under more democratic conditions, Islamic groups or parties may need to moderate their appeals, and/or build coalitions with secular or non-Islamic groups in order to win power and influence in the larger political system. Muslim political parties exist in both Malaysia and Indonesia; their power and influence have varied over time. This project aims to explain why these parties have had more support at some times than others and under what conditions they may moderate their demands and policy choices to accommodate pluralist leanings.
Die Berliner Studie zu Versorgungsstrukturen und Versorgungsergebnissen von Wohngemeinschaften für Menschen mit Demenz (DeWeGE)
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: January 2009

Wohngemeinschaften (WG) für Menschen mit Demenz sind eine neue Versorgungsform, die einen Zwischenschritt zwischen der Versorgung in der eigenen Häuslichkeit und der Versorgung im Pflegeheim darstellt. Sie erfahren zurzeit eine rasche Angebotsausweitung. Während einige Erkenntnisse zur Angebots- und Bewohnerstruktur vorliegen, die jedoch einer Aktualisierung bedürfen, ist über bewohnerbezogene Versorgungsergebnisse sowie wichtige Parameter des Versorgungsgeschehens nichts bekannt. Im Rahmen einer Längsschnittstudie werden daher alle neu in ambulant betreute WG einziehende Menschen mit Demenz im Land Berlin für ein Jahr nachverfolgt. Dabei werden Parameter der körperlichen und psychosozialen Gesundheit erfasst und auf Veränderungen untersucht. In einer Querschnittuntersuchung werden Daten zu Versorgungs-, Angebots- und Bewohnerstruktur mittels einer fragebogenbasierten Stichtagsbefragung aller ambulant betreuten WG in Berlin erhoben. Zusätzlich findet ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit Spezialwohnbereichen für Menschen mit Demenz in Pflegeheimen statt.
SNARC, SCARC, SMARC und SPARC. Gibt es raumfreie Grössen?
Authors: Brugger Peter 
Published: January 2009

Die Literatur zu Assoziationen zwischen linker und rechter Raumhälfte und Grössen, die auf phänomenaler Ebene keine räumliche Dimension haben, ist gegenwärtig rasch anwachsend. Zahlgrösse, Tonhöhe und zeitliche Dauer werden als Beispiele diskutiert, aber selbst abstrakteren Konzepten wie Religiosität und politischer Ausrichtung dürfte eine Analog-Repräsentation zukommen. Der inferiore Parietalkortex spielt eine wichtige Rolle sowohl für die Verarbeitung des Raumes wie auch für Grösseninformationen unterschiedlichster Art. Die hier besprochenen Assoziationen zwischen Raum und raumfreien Massen sind allerdings nicht vollkommen fest verdrahtet, sondern hängen wesentlich von kulturellen Faktoren ab. Dem Studium der spatialen Eigenschaften scheinbar nicht-räumlicher Grössen kommt daher eine Schlüsselrolle für das Verständnis der Schnittstellen zwischen Kultur und neuronalem Substrat zu. Schlüsselwörter: Raum, Zahl, Zeit, Links und Rechts, Natur und Kultur
Uterine artery ligation for the treatment of fibroids
Authors: AKINOLA OLUWAROTIMI IRETI , FABAMWO ADETOKUNBO OLUSEGUN , AKINOLA RASHIDA ADEYANJU , OTTUN TAWAQUALIT ABIMBOLA , AKINNIYI AMBROSE , AKPAN AKPAN ESSIEN 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective. To determine the efficacy of bilateral uterine artery ligation in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. Design. A descriptive study. Setting. Tertiary care gynecological clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Sample. Fifty women who had trans‐vaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation for the treatment of uterine fibroids between January 2003 and January 2006. Methods. Pre‐operative baseline ultrasonic measurements of uterine and dominant fibroid volumes were carried out and repeated at two, six, and 12 weeks, then three monthly for a period of three years. Severity of menstrual blood loss, changes in pain symptoms and patients’ satisfaction were also assessed. Main outcome measures. Changes in uterine and fibroid volumes, hemoglobin values, menstrual pain ratings, and patients’ satisfaction ratings. Results. The mean fibroid volume, mean uterine volume, and mean menstrual pain rating showed statistically significant reductions at six, 12, and 36 months. The mean hemoglobin level and patients’ satisfaction rating showed a statistically significant increase after six, 12, and 36 months. Conclusion. Trans‐vaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids especially in areas where access to high level medical technology is restricted.
Is training essential for interpreting cardiac computed tomography?
Authors: Ripsweden J. , Mir-Akbari H. , Brolin E. Bacsovics , Brismar T. , Nilsson T. , Rasmussen E. , Rück A. , Svensson A. , Werner C. , Winter R. , Cederlund K. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has gained increasing acceptance for diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Several guidelines have been published on required education for proficiency in the interpretation of these examinations. Purpose: To describe the learning-curve effect of the interpretation of 100 consecutive cardiac CT examinations aimed at diagnosing CAD. The diagnostic accuracy of radiologists and radiographers was also compared. Material and Methods: Two radiologists and two radiographers, all with no prior experience in evaluation of cardiac CT, independently underwent a dedicated training program of 100 examinations randomized into 10 blocks (sessions), with 10 cases in each. They independently evaluated the coronary arteries regarding significant obstructive CAD. After every session, individual feedback on diagnostic accuracy and comparison with the corresponding invasive coronary angiography (currently regarded as the gold standard to detect coronary lesions) was given. The time required for interpretation was recorded. Results: The mean review time decreased ( P<0.0001) successively during the 10 sessions for all the observers together. The first session had a mean review time of 32 min, and the last session 16 min. No significant improvement in sensitivity, specificity, or negative predictive value (NPV) was observed. For positive predictive value (PPV), there was an improvement for the radiologists ( P<0.05), but not for the radiographers. The radiographers had a higher total specificity compared to the radiologists ( P<0.01). Conclusion: The review time for novices in cardiac CT was approximately halved during the first 100 cases, with maintained accuracy. There was a learning-curve effect in PPV for the radiologists. The diagnostic accuracy of dedicated radiographers indicates that they might be considered to be included as part of the evaluation team.
NORMALIZING ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT POLICIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Triantafillou Peter 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
The paper examines some of the ways in which the problematic of activation is put into play in the European Employment Strategy (EES) and Danish employment policies. The limitations of causal analysis and convergence approaches are discussed and a different analytical framework based on the concept of normalization is proposed. It is argued that while various forms of activation were present in Denmark well before the launching of the EES in 1997/1998, the latter has contributed to the normalization of the Danish employment policies by sustaining activation as the key element of such policies and by disregarding political interventions based on alternative problematizations of labour and well-being.
Viremia and antibody response in green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) infected with dengue virus type 2: A potential model for vaccine testing
Authors: Martín Jorge , Hermida Lisset , Castro Jorge , Lazo Laura , Martínez Rafael , Gil Lázaro , Romero Yaremis , Puente Pedro , Zaragoza Santiago , Cosme Karelia , Guzmán María G. , Cardosa Jane , Guillén Gerardo 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe increasingly limited availability and high cost of the hitherto most commonly used monkey species in dengue vaccine research has augmented the importance of identifying alternative suitable models for these studies. In this study we examined the capacity of green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) to develop dengue viremia, and thus provide a potential model for dengue vaccine testing. Monkeys were inoculated with two different doses of dengue virus type 2. All animals in both groups became viremic after inoculation of the virus. In the lower dose group, mean viremia duration of 5.66 days was detected, whereas in the group that received the 106 PFU dose, viremia had a mean duration of only 1.66 days. Antibody titers were similar to those obtained in previous experiments with rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. We conclude that green monkeys develop viremia and antibody responses and therefore provide a potential model for the preclinical evaluation of novel candidates for dengue vaccines.
Correlation of angiogenesis with 18F‐FMT and 18F‐FDG uptake in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kaira Kyoichi , Oriuchi Noboru , Shimizu Kimihiro , Ishikita Tomohiro , Higuchi Tetsuya , Imai Hisao , Yanagitani Noriko , Sunaga Noriaki , Hisada Takeshi , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Endou Hitoshi , Nakajima Takashi , Endo Keigo , Mori Masatomo 
Published: January 2009

L‐[3‐18F]‐α‐methyltyrosine (18F‐FMT) is an amino‐acid tracer for positron‐emission tomography (PET). We have conducted a clinicopathologic study to elucidate the correlation of angiogenesis with 18F‐FMT and 2‐[18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) uptake in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirty‐seven NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study, and two PET studies with 18F‐FMT and 18F‐FDG were performed. Uptake of PET tracers was evaluated with standardized uptake value. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, CD34, L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and Ki‐67 labeling index of the resected tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, and correlated with the clinicopathologic variables and the uptake of PET tracers. The median VEGF rate was 45% (range, 10–78%). High expression was seen in 30 patients (81%, 30/37). VEGF expression was statistically associated with progressively growing microvessel count. VEGF showed a correlation with LAT1 expression (P = 0.04) and Ki‐67 labeling index (P = 0.01). However, it showed no correlation with age, gender, disease stage, tumor size, and histology. Microvessel density (MVD) showed no correlation with any parameters. 18F‐FMT and 18F‐FDG uptake correlated significantly with VEGF (P < 0.0001, P = 0.026, respectively), whereas the correlation of 18F‐FMT and VEGF was more meaningful. The present study demonstrated that the metabolic activity of primary tumors as evaluated by PET study with 18F‐FMT and 18F‐FDG is related to tumor angiogenesis and the proliferative activity in NSCLC. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 753–758)
Salicylic acid confers resistance to a biotrophic rust pathogen,Puccinia substriata, in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: CRAMPTON BRIDGET G. , HEIN INGO , BERGER DAVE K. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYStudies were undertaken to assess the induction of defence response pathways in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in response to infection with the leaf rust fungusPuccinia substriata. Pretreatment of pearl millet with salicylic acid (SA) conferred resistance to a virulent isolate of the rust fungus, whereas methyl jasmonate (MeJA) did not significantly reduce infection levels. These results suggest that the SA defence pathway is involved in rust resistance. In order to identify pearl millet genes that are specifically regulated in response to SA and not MeJA, and thus could play a role in resistance toP. substriata, gene expression profiling was performed. Substantial overlap in gene expression responses between the treatments was observed, with MeJA and SA treatments exhibiting 17% co‐regulated transcripts. However, 34% of transcripts were differentially expressed in response to SA treatment, but not in response to MeJA treatment. SA‐responsive transcripts represented genes involved in SA metabolism, defence response, signal transduction, protection from oxidative stress and photosynthesis. The expression profiles of pearl millet plants after treatment with SA or MeJA were more similar to one another than to the response during a compatible infection withP. substriata. However, some SA‐responsive genes were repressed duringP. substriatainfection, indicating possible manipulation of host responses by the pathogen.
Weighing and measuring primary school children: evaluation of the TRENDS model for implementation of Department of Health guidelines
Authors: Levine R. S. , Connor A. M. , Feltbower R. G. , Robinson M. , Rudolf M. C. J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  The UK Department of Health for England and Wales has issued guidance to all local Primary Care Trusts (PCTs), who have responsibility for school nursing services, for the annual weighing and measuring of all children on entry to primary school and in Year 6 (age 5 and 11 years respectively), known as the National Child Measurement Programme. The guidance places the responsibility for implementation and funding of this scheme onto the PCTs.Method  This paper describes the conduct and evaluation of the 2006 monitoring exercise in a 10% sample of Leeds primary schools.Results  The evaluation showed that the exercise can be carried out with little disruption in schools and minimal distress for children.Conclusions  Recommendations include: adequate staff training in measuring children, along with anticipation of the issues and problems they may encounter and best practice for dealing with them. A good working relationship must be established between the team and school before the measuring day. Schools need to ensure the availability of suitable accommodation and a screen to maintain privacy. Lightweight but robust and accurate scales conforming to the European Union standard should be used and routinely checked for accuracy. Where possible, children should not be lined up, but seen individually. This is considered essential for the older Year 6 children.