bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of UWB antenna in the time domain
Authors: Lee Sung S. , Choi Sang S. , Park Jong K. , Cho Kyoung R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we experimentally investigate the time‐domain characteristics of the trapezoidal UWB antenna. The time‐domain behavior is measured by using a pulse generator and a digital‐storage oscilloscope as a function of the azimuth angle ϕ, the elevation angle θ, and the separation distance R. The signals received by UWB antenna systems are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 554–558, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21228
Analysis of dual‐band patch antenna for mobile communications
Authors: Shivnarayan  , Vishvakarma Babau R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe theoretical analysis of a notch‐loaded rectangular patch for dual‐band operation, in which dual‐frequency behavior is obtained via notch loading, is proposed and experimentally verified. The theoretical analysis is based on the modal‐expansion cavity model. The resonance frequencies changes with the variation of the length and width of the notch; hence, the input impedance, VSWR, return loss, and bandwidth are calculated. The obtained resonance‐frequency ratio varies from 1.11 to 1.83 with the length and width of the notch. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 558–564, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21229
LTCC‐based compact wideband antenna
Authors: Lu Albert Chee W. , Chua Kai M. , Sun M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna realized using low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology is reported in this paper. The resultant antenna volume is only 17 × 8 × 0.8 mm3. Based on the measurements using a network‐analyzer system, a bandwidth of 6.7 GHz is achieved (with return loss S11 < 10 dB from 3.75 to 10.45 GHz). The measured antenna radiation patterns at 6.85 GHz are also presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 608–609, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21243
Expression of stathmin family genes in the murine uterus during early pregnancy
Authors: Yoshie Mikihiro , Tamura Kazuhiro , Hara Takahiko , Kogo Hiroshi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStathmin, a cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics during cell‐cycle progression, is abundantly expressed at embryo implantation sites in rats. Here, we characterized the expression of stathmin and its family genes in the murine uterus during the peri‐implantation period. Stathmin protein was expressed in the glandular and luminal epithelium, blood vessels, and stromal cells on day 3 of pregnancy. On the day of implantation (day 5), stathmin was mainly localized in blood vessels in the endometrium. On day 7, intense stathmin expression was limited to capillary vessels and secondary decidual cells. Stathmin expression was higher at implantation sites than at uterine segments between implantation sites and increased during oil‐induced decidualization. Although the artificially‐induced deciduoma weights and number of implantation sites were similar between stathmin‐knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice, the stathmin‐KO mice had fewer newborn pups (reduced by 30%). The expression of alkaline phosphatase, desmin, and cyclin D3 was attenuated in decidual zones of stathmin‐KO mice. Messenger RNA level of the stathmin family gene, SCG10, was high at the time of decidualization in WT and stathmin‐KO mice. In contrast, the others of stathmin family members, SCLIP and RB3 were highly expressed in stathmin‐KO mice compared to WT mice. These results suggest that stathmin and stathmin family genes are expressed in the murine endometrium with enhanced expression in the implantation or the decidualization process. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping complex tissue architecture with diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wedeen Van J. , Hagmann Patric , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Reese Timothy G. , Weisskoff Robert M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMethods are presented to map complex fiber architectures in tissues by imaging the 3D spectra of tissue water diffusion with MR. First, theoretical considerations show why and under what conditions diffusion contrast is positive. Using this result, spin displacement spectra that are conventionally phase‐encoded can be accurately reconstructed by a Fourier transform of the measured signal's modulus. Second, studies of in vitro and in vivo samples demonstrate correspondence between the orientational maxima of the diffusion spectrum and those of the fiber orientation density at each location. In specimens with complex muscular tissue, such as the tongue, diffusion spectrum images show characteristic local heterogeneities of fiber architectures, including angular dispersion and intersection. Cerebral diffusion spectra acquired in normal human subjects resolve known white matter tracts and tract intersections. Finally, the relation between the presented model‐free imaging technique and other available diffusion MRI schemes is discussed. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism and kinetics of ordering in diblock copolymer thin films on chemically nanopatterned substrates
Authors: Edwards Erik W. , Stoykovich Mark P. , Müller Marcus , Solak Harun H. , de Pablo Juan J. , Nealey Paul F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLamellae forming diblock copolymer domains can be directed to assemble without defects and in registration with chemically nanopatterned substrates. Initially, thin films of the lamellar poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) block copolymer form hexagonally close‐packed styrene domains when annealed on chemical nanopatterned striped surfaces. These styrene domains then coalesce to form linear styrene domains that are not fully registered with the underlying chemical surface pattern. Defects coarsen, until defect‐free directed assembly is obtained, by breaking linear styrene domains and reforming new structures until registered lamellae have been formed. At all stages in the process, two factors play an important role in the observed degree of registration of the block copolymer domains as a function of annealing time: the interfacial energy between the blocks of the copolymer and the chemically nanopatterned substrate and the commensurability of the bulk repeat period of the block copolymer and the substrate pattern period. Insight into the time‐dependent three‐dimensional behavior of the block copolymer structures is gained from single chain in mean field simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3444–3459, 2005
Effect of cation exchange capacity on the structure and dynamics of poly(ethylene oxide) in Li+ montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Kuppa V. , Manias E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMolecular dynamics computer simulations are used to study the structure and dynamics of 1‐nm wide films of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) confined between mica‐type layered silicates of different cation exchange capacities (CEC). The simulation setup mimics experimental systems formed by intercalation of PEO in montmorillonite alumino‐silicates with varied inherent charges. It is shown that the presence and population of lithium has a significant influence on the behavior of the system, in addition to the confinement‐induced effects caused by the extreme spatial restriction. The structural features of the confined PEO are strongly altered with the number of Li+, which determines the polymer/inorganic interactions. The combination of the nanoconfinement and the presence of lithium preclude regular ordered arrangements of PEO, similar to those observed in the bulk unconfined polymer. The segmental dynamics of PEO in confinement are also greatly influenced by the presence of lithium, because of the strong interaction between Li+ and the oxygen of the PEO backbone. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3460–3477, 2005
Liquid crystalline complexes of an azo‐containing surfactomesogen with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes
Authors: Tibirna Carmen M. , Bazuin C. Geraldine 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA triethyl‐ammonium functionalized 4‐nitro‐4′‐alkoxy azobenzene mesogen with a 10‐carbon spacer (azo10Q, a ‘surfactomesogen’) was complexed in equimolar proportions to a variety of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, and studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The complexation generates a single‐layer smectic A mesophase over a very wide temperature range from a surfactomesogen that, alone, melts directly to the isotropic phase. The clearing temperatures, ranging from 130 to 190 °C and generally higher than the melting point of azo10Q, are dependent on the nature of the polyelectrolyte as well as its molecular weight. In contrast, a prominent glass transition near ambient temperature appears to be independent of molecular weight, but varies somewhat with the type of polyelectrolyte. A second Tg‐like transition of much lower intensity is detectable at higher temperatures (generally above 100 °C), and, with literature support, is tentatively attributed to nanophase separation involving sublayer planes in the lamellar packing structure. A series of nonequimolar complexes was also investigated, and it was found that, with decreasing azo10Q content, the clearing temperature viewed by DSC decreases rapidly in intensity (and somewhat in temperature) and then disappears although birefringence remains, whereas the lower glass transition increases rapidly in temperature to finally merge with the upper one. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3421–3431, 2005
Porod scattering study of coarsening in immiscible polymer blends
Authors: Brinker Kristin L. , Lebovitz Andrew H. , Torkelson John M. , Burghardt Wesley R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStudies of immiscible blend compatibilization often involve laborious microscopy methods to characterize changes in the particle size distribution with time in the melt. Here we explore a simple alternative approach based on Porod scattering from the two‐phase structure. Although micron‐sized particles in immiscible polymer blends are too large to be fully characterized by small‐angle scattering, Porod scattering measurements of the interfacial area combined with knowledge of the blend volume fraction allows determination of an average particle diameter from a single scattering measurement. This technique is illustrated in experiments monitoring coarsening of particle size in polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends prepared either by melt blending or solid‐state shear pulverization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3413–3420, 2005
The impact of the fourth disulfide bridge in scorpion toxins of the α‐KTx6 subfamily
Authors: Carrega Louis , Mosbah Amor , Ferrat Gilles , Beeton Christine , Andreotti Nicolas , Mansuelle Pascal , Darbon Hervé , De Waard Michel , Sabatier Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAnimal toxins are highly reticulated and structured polypeptides that adopt a limited number of folds. In scorpion species, the most represented fold is the α/β scaffold in which an helical structure is connected to an antiparallel β‐sheet by two disulfide bridges. The intimate relationship existing between peptide reticulation and folding remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of disulfide bridging on the 3D structure of HsTx1, a scorpion toxin potently active on Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 channels. This toxin folds along the classical α/β scaffold but belongs to a unique family of short‐chain, four disulfide‐bridged toxins. Removal of the fourth disulfide bridge of HsTx1 does not affect its helical structure, whereas its two‐stranded β‐sheet is altered from a twisted to a nontwisted configuration. This structural change in HsTx1 is accompanied by a marked decrease in Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 current blockage, and by alterations in the toxin to channel molecular contacts. In contrast, a similar removal of the fourth disulfide bridge of Pi1, another scorpion toxin from the same structural family, has no impact on its 3D structure, pharmacology, or channel interaction. These data highlight the importance of disulfide bridging in reaching the correct bioactive conformation of some toxins. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of the geometric association of domain–domain interfaces
Authors: Kim Wan Kyu , Ison Jon C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractConsidering the limited success of the most sophisticated docking methods available and the amount of computation required for systematic docking, cataloging all the known interfaces may be an alternative basis for the prediction of protein tertiary and quaternary structures. We classify domain interfaces according to the geometry of domain–domain association. By applying a simple and efficient method called “interface tag clustering,” more than 4,000 distinct types of domain interfaces are collected from Protein Quaternary Structure Server and Protein Data Bank. Given a pair of interacting domains, we define “face” as the set of interacting residues in each single domain and the pair of interacting faces as an “interface.” We investigate how the geometry of interfaces relates to a network of interacting protein families, such as how many different binding orientations are possible between two families or whether a family uses distinct surfaces or the same surface when the family has diverse interaction partners from various families. We show there are, on average, 1.2–1.9 different types of interfaces between interacting domains and a significant number of family pairs associate in multiple orientations. In general, a family tends to use distinct faces for each partner when the family has diverse interaction partners. Each face is highly specific to its interaction partner and the binding orientation. The relative positions of interface residues are generally well conserved within the same type of interface even between remote homologs. The classification result is available at http://www.biotec.tu‐dresden.de/∼wkim/supplement. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural basis of the substrate subsite and the highly thermal stability of xylanase 10B from Thermotoga maritima MSB8
Authors: Ihsanawati  , Kumasaka Takashi , Kaneko Tomonori , Morokuma Chihiro , Yatsunami Rie , Sato Takao , Nakamura Satoshi , Tanaka Nobuo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe crystal structure of xylanase 10B from Thermotoga maritima MSB8 (TmxB), a hyperthermostable xylanase, has been solved in its native form and in complex with xylobiose or xylotriose at 1.8 Å resolution. In order to gain insight into the substrate subsite and the molecular features for thermal stability, we compared TmxB with family 10 xylanase structures from nine microorganisms. As expected, TmxB folds into a (β/α)8‐barrel structure, which is common among the glycoside hydrolase family 10. The enzyme active site and the environment surrounding the xylooligosaccharide of TmxB are highly similar to those of family 10 xylanases. However, only two xylose moieties were found in its binding pocket from the TmxB‐xylotriose complex structure. This finding suggests that TmxB could be a potential biocatalyst for the large‐scale production of xylobiose. The result of structural analyses also indicated that TmxB possesses some additional features that account for its thermostability. In particular, clusters of aromatic residues together with a lack of exposed hydrophobic residues are characteristic of the TmxB structure. TmxB has also a significant number of ion pairs on the protein surface that are not found in other thermophilic family 10 xylanases. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrostatic potential at the retinal of three archaeal rhodopsins: Implications for their different absorption spectra
Authors: Kloppmann Edda , Becker Torsten , Ullmann G. Matthias 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe color tuning mechanism of the rhodopsin protein family has been in the focus of research for decades. However, the structural basis of the tuning mechanism in general and of the absorption shift between rhodopsins in particular remains under discussion. It is clear that a major determinant for spectral shifts between different rhodopsins are electrostatic interactions between the chromophore retinal and the protein. Based on the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation, we computed and compared the electrostatic potential at the retinal of three archaeal rhodopsins: bacteriorhodopsin (BR), halorhodopsin (HR), and sensory rhodopsin II (SRII) for which high‐resolution structures are available. These proteins are an excellent test case for understanding the spectral tuning of retinal. The absorption maxima of BR and HR are very similar, whereas the spectrum of SRII is considerably blue shifted—despite the structural similarity between these three proteins. In agreement with their absorption maxima, we find that the electrostatic potential is similar in BR and HR, whereas significant differences are seen for SRII. The decomposition of the electrostatic potential into contributions of individual residues, allowed us to identify seven residues that are responsible for the differences in electrostatic potential between the proteins. Three of these residues are located in the retinal binding pocket and have in fact been shown to account for part of the absorption shift between BR and SRII by mutational studies. One residue is located close to the β‐ionone ring of retinal and the remaining three residues are more than 8 Å away from the retinal. These residues have not been discussed before, because they are, partly because of their location, no obvious candidates for the spectral shift among BR, HR, and SRII. However, their contribution to the differences in electrostatic potential is evident. The counterion of the Schiff base, which is frequently discussed to be involved in the spectral tuning, does not contribute to the dissimilarities between the electrostatic potentials. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivariate calibrations for the SR‐TXRF determination of trace concentrations of lead and arsenic in the presence of bromine
Authors: Nagata Noemi , Peralta‐Zamora Patricio G. , Poppi Ronei J. , Perez Carlos A. , Bueno Maria Izabel M. S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA synchrotron radiation source and total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (SR‐TXRF) spectrometry were used for the determination of lead and arsenic in aqueous samples. To overcome the serious spectral interference between the two species and the overlap of another interfering element (bromine), a partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) method was used. The calibration models PLSR2 and PLSR1 were based on the x‐ray fluorescence emission signals (9.550–13.663 keV) for a set of 26 different mixtures containing the elements of interest, lead and arsenic, as well as bromine. The results obtained by PLSR1 and PLSR2 were compared with those obtained by the conventional univariate methodology. In the latter case, the areas of the secondary emission lines (Lβ for lead and Kβ for arsenic) were used to elaborate the analytical curves. The capacity of all optimized models was verified using five synthetic samples (external validation). Subsequently the best model was used to determine lead and arsenic recovery capacities when these metals are retained on two ion‐exchange resins (Dowex 50‐X8 and Dowex 1‐X8). The best multivariate model (PLSR1) allowed the determination of lead and arsenic with root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) of 0.03 and 0.24 mg l−1, respectively. The reduction of this parameter, with respect to the values obtained by conventional univariate methodology (0.26–0.03 mg l−1 for lead and 0.30–0.24 mg l−1 for arsenic), indicates that the proposed multivariate methodology really overcomes the problems associated with spectral interferences and minimizes the influence of an interfering agent (bromine). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray absorption and x‐ray fluorescence for the characterization of titanium oxide‐modified HPLC silicas
Authors: Goraieb Karen , Bueno Maria Izabel M. S. , Collins Carol H. , Collins Kenneth E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTitanium oxide grafted on to the surfaces of chromatographic silica was investigated by x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and x‐ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy and the latter used before and after the extensive use of this material as a support for reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). XRF indicated the formation of a complete 2:1 monolayer whereas XAS suggested the presence of more than one titanium oxide structure. These structures show some slight modification after immobilization of PMOS and use in HPLC. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the distribution of invasive crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in a Kusiro Moor marsh (Japan) using classification and regression trees
Authors: Usio N. , Nakajima H. , Kamiyama R. , Wakana I. , Hiruta S. , Takamura N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummer distributions of the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) were investigated in relation to physicochemistry in a Kusiro Moor marsh and its inflows and outflows in northern Japan. Maximum crayfish abundance and biomass were 1.04 individuals/m2 and 3.56 g dry mass (DM)/m2 in littoral marsh habitats, and 5.84 individuals/m2 and 13.48 g DM/m2 in stream habitats. Classification tree analysis was used to predict crayfish occurrence at 102 sites from all habitats (i.e. littoral marsh, pelagic marsh and stream) while regression tree analyses were used to predict crayfish abundance at littoral marsh and stream sites separately. The classification tree showed that crayfish occurrence was primarily determined by undercut bank volume regardless of habitat identity. When undercut bank volume was <0.0054 m3, crayfish were predicted to be absent at marsh sites, but expected to occur at stream sites where pH and water temperature exceeded 6.5 and 14.3°C, respectively. The regression tree using only littoral marsh sites showed that undercut bank volume, followed by dissolved oxygen level, determined the splits of the tree. Crayfish abundance was highest when undercut bank volume was >0.61 m3, and moderately high when dissolved oxygen was >9.09 mg/l and undercut bank volume was <0.61 m3. On the other hand, the regression tree using only stream sites showed that water temperature was the major predictor that determined the splits. We discuss the roles of physicochemical factors as limiting factors of the distribution pattern of the invasive crayfish.
Electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing during vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: Cronjé H.S. , de Coning E.C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) with traditional suturing during vaginal hysterectomy.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial involving 68 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy for benign disease, 37 procedures were performed using EBVS and 31 using traditional suturing. The end points were procedure time, blood loss, number of ligatures used, postoperative pain score, and number of days in hospital.ResultsThe procedure duration was shorter using EBVS (median duration, 32 vs. 40 min; P = .0003), with fewer ligatures (1 vs. 7; P < .0001) and less pain (median score, 4 vs. 6; P < .0001). There were no significant differences regarding blood loss (median, 100 vs. 160 mL; P = .36) and days in hospital (median, 2 vs. 2; P = .03).ConclusionThe EBVS system provided advantages over traditional suturing with regard to procedure time, number of ligatures used, and postoperative pain score.