bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pět přístupů k etice sexuality? Důsledky asymetrického argumentu Davida Benatara pro etiku pohlavního chování
Authors: Koumar Jan 
Published: April 2024

Tato práce se zabývá možnými přístupy k etice sexuality, jejich klady i zápory. Etikou sexuality zde není míněno moralizování, stejně tak sexualitou není míněn pouze koitus, pohlavní chování je zde míněno v širším významu tedy včetně rozlehlé oblasti lidského svádění, okolků či otálení. Popsány jsou čtyři klasické přístupy k etice sexuality: tradicionalistický, romantický, marxisticko-feministický a liberální, avšak uvážen je i přístup antinatalistický, který vyplývá z asymetrického argumentu Davida Benatara uveřejněného v jeho práci Nebýt či být. Benatarův antinatalizmus totiž vytváří etiku pohlavního chování, v níž pouze sex, který nevede k rozmnožení, může být morální. I když je tento pátý, antinatalistický přístup značně kontroverzní a zdaleka ne intuitivní, extrémnost jeho pozic se příliš neliší od tradicionalistického pohledu, v němž je morální pouze sex k rozmnožení vedoucí, tyto dva přístupy tak lze postavit do přímé opozice jako dvě krajní možnosti uvažování o etice pohlavního chování. Roli střední cesty v takovém řazení potom zaujme liberální přístup, který jako jediný etiku sexuality nevidí jako etiku odlišnou od jiných lidských činností.
Heidegger v Americe
Authors: Švec Ondřej 
Published: April 2024

Článek je věnován odůvodnění, projasnění a také kritickému zhodnocení poněkud zkratkovitého hesla o „primátu praxe“, který v očích mnoha amerických interpretů představuje společného jmenovatele Heideggerova díla a pragmatismu v širokém slova smyslu. V mém podání nesměřuje Heideggerův důraz na praxi ani tak k převrácení tradiční hierarchie, podle níž svět nejprve poznáváme, abychom v něm mohli jednat, ale spíše k přehodnocení ontologického rámce, v němž byla otázka ohledně přednosti teorie či praxe až dosud kladena. V druhé části proto ukážu, jak Heideggerovo osobité pojetí praxe souvisí s jeho revizí bytí věcí a nás samotných, a podám důvody, proč na rozdíl od Dreyfusova, Okrentova a Blattnerova vymezení primátu praxe odmítám chápat veškerou srozumitelnost lidského života a světa jako něco odvozeného z našeho každodenního, praktického obstarávání.
Baz, Avner: When Words Are Called For A Defense of Ordinary Language Philosophy,
Authors: Tomeček Marek 
Published: April 2024

Bazův projekt je výzvou pro současnou epistemologii. Ve svém vzkříšení filozofické metody J. L. Austina a pozdního Wittgensteina se snaží podat alternativu k dnešnímu přístupu založenému na intuicích filozofů. Tradiční argumenty proti filozofii běžného jazyka jsou ukázány jako nedostatečné: stojí na nepochopení toho, co pro autory poloviny dvacátého století znamená „použití“ slova a „význam“ slova. Při aplikaci na dnešní epistemologické příklady a dilemata se tato ukazují jako špatně sestavená, dokonce i ve své nejmírnější, kontextualistické verzi. Zároveň se však Bazův přístup svou radikálností dostává do prekérního vztahu k empiristické tradici.
Two Series of Time in Logic, Natural Language, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rybaříková Zuzana 
Published: April 2024

J. M. E. McTaggart famously divided time into two time series, which he entitled A-series and B-series. Although he was proponent of neither of them, his division initiated a discussion as to which of the series is prior or real. This paper follows Clifford Williams’s claim that these series are not as distant as their proponents argue they are. It demonstrates their translatability in the case of examples from temporal logic and natural language. It argues that, if there are any deep-rooted differences between these two series, they are only metaphysical. These metaphysical differences could be overcome by focusing on logic or natural language. These two series of time are also used in computer science and in the development of Artificial Intelligence. However, no attempt at unifying them has been suggested in these fields of study.
J. M. E. McTaggart rozdělil čas na dvě časové série, A-série a B-série. Třebaže nebyl zastáncem žádné z nich, jeho rozdělení podnítilo diskuzi, která z těchto časových sérií je přednější nebo jediná skutečně reálná. Tento článek navazuje na názor Clifforda Williamse, že tyto časové série nejsou tak rozdílné, jak tvrdí jejich zastánci. V článku je demonstrována jejich přeložitelnost na příkladech z temporální logiky a přirozeného jazyka. Článek dále tvrdí, že jestliže je zde nějaký hluboce zakořeněný rozdíl mezi těmito dvěma sériemi, pak je pouze metafyzický. Tyto metafyzické rozdíly mohou být překonány, zaměříme-li se na logiku a přirozený jazyk. Tyto dvě časové série jsou také použity v informatice a rozvoji umělé inteligence, třebaže v těchto oborech dosud nebyly navrženy žádné pokusy o jejich propojení.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS DAN KARAKTER JUJUR PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING BERNUANSA ISLAMI
Authors: Ekaningtyas Maya , Sulastri Yayu Laila , Nurjanah Nurjanah 
Published: April 2024

This research is motivated by the low ability to understand mathematical concepts and the honest character of students. One alternative learning model that can be applied is Problem-Based Learning with Islamic nuances. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the ability to understand mathematical concepts and the honest character of students who studied with the Islamic-nuanced Problem-Based Learning model and students who studied with the contextual nuanced Problem-Based Learning model, as well as to find out the criteria for the value of students' honesty after participating in Problem-Based Learning with Islamic nuances. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with the Nonequivalent Control Group Design research design. This research was conducted at MTs Al-Huda Rancaekek. The population in this study were all students in class VII MTs Al-Huda Rancaekek, the sample in this study were students in class VII-A as the experimental class and students in class VII-B as the control class. The experimental class learns using the Problem-Based Learning model with Islamic nuances, the control class learns using Problem-Based Learning with contextual nuances. The instruments used were tests of ability to understand mathematical concepts, honest character observations, and self-assessment questionnaires. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test analysis, observation analysis, and self-assessment questionnaire analysis, it was concluded that there were differences in the understanding of mathematical concepts of students who studied with Problem-Based Learning with Islamic nuances and students who studied with Problem-Based Learning with contextual nuances. The criteria for the value of honest character attitudes of students after participating in Problem-Based Learning with Islamic nuances are in the MB criteria (starting to develop). Keywords: Problem-Based Learning with Islamic Nuances, Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts, and Honest Character.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERINTEGRASI STEM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIS
Authors: Purnama Rike Novianti , Rianti Cahyani  , Nandang Arif Saefuloh  
Published: April 2024

The results of the 2015 PISA survey show that students' mathematical literacy in Indonesia is still low, in the field of mathematics it shows that Indonesia is ranked 62nd out of 72 countries. The problem of low mathematical literacy is caused by low interest in learning about the learning model used. This research aims to determine the increase in mathematical literacy skills through an integrated problem-based learning (PBL) model of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The research method used was quasi experiment. The population in this research were two classes of students from class XI in one upper secondary school, in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The research results show that learning with the STEM integrated PBL model is able to improve students' mathematical literacy skills. This can be seen from the average N-Gain in the experimental class of 0.68 in the medium category, while the control class obtained an average N-Gain of 0.22 in the low category. The average N-Gain is supported by the results of the independent sample t-test hypothesis test, with a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00 < 0.05, meaning that the students' mathematical literacy abilities are significantly different from those in the control class.

Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Mathematical Literacy Ability , STEM
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MATEMATIKA SMP PADA MATERI SUDUT
Authors: Sarassanti Yumi 
Published: April 2024

This research aims to produce LKPD based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) for junior high school mathematics. This development research adopts the ADDIE development model with stages including Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The quality of the LKPD is reviewed from the assessment of material experts, media experts, and student responses. The research instruments used were a material expert questionnaire, a media expert questionnaire, and a student response questionnaire. The LKPD was tested in class VII MTS Mujahidin with 32 students as subjects. The LKPD developed contains learning activities according to PBL steps, presents problems related to daily life at the beginning of learning, and can be used in learning. Judging from the material aspect, the LKPD is assessed as good with an average assessment score by material experts of 4.00. Judging from the media aspect, the LKPD is considered good with an assessment score by media experts of 3.60. Students' responses to the use of LKPD are included in the good category with an average assessment score of 4.05. It can be concluded that the PBL-based LKPD for class VII junior high school is suitable for use in implementing mathematics learning.

Keywords: Development, , Problem Based Learning, Student Worksheets
Tubercular granuloma arising from floor of orbit : A rare occurrence
Authors: Khan Lubna 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis of the orbit is a unilateral entity commonly involving the bony wall, periosteum or soft tissue in left orbit. It is a rarity.
Case: A fifty seven years old female presented with a localised mass near inferior orbital margin. Owing to its small size and superficial location in orbit, there was no soft tissue displacement or motility disturbance.
Observations: Dissection revealed a localised firm mass attached to periorbita covering the orbital floor. The mass was excised and on histopathological analysis it was found to be composed of multiple granulomas containing abundant Giant cells. Considering such a picture at cellular level, ELISA for tuberculosis was done. Values were suggestive of recent infection. The patient was put on antitubercular multidrug regimen for six months one week after excision of mass, with a follow up of four years, having no recurrence till date.
Conclusion: Though orbital tuberculosis is much more common in childhood, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital mass in adults also. At times, even in an otherwise healthy individual, tuberculosis might be diagnosed because of an orbital mass.
Ophthalmologists should have a high index of suspicion since orbital tuberculosis has been underdiagnosed in the past.
Acquired ankyloblepharon post purulent membranous conjunctivitis and its novel surgical management: A case report
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Nagar Anjali 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Ankyloblepharon is a partial or complete fusion of eyelids by webs of skin. It may be congenital or acquired. Herein we report a rare case of acquired bilateral ankyloblepharon that developed after purulent membranous conjunctivitis. We will also discuss its unique surgical management which has not been reported previously in the literature.
Case: A 21 year old male presented with complaints of narrowing of eyes for the last six months following an attack of acute purulent membranous conjunctivitis. Surgical excision of the adhesions was done. We used conjunctival autograft to cover the raw area left after excision as a new modality of treatment. The graft was successfully taken up and no recurrence of adhesions was found at 1 year follow up.
Observations: Various modalities of treatment for ankyloblepharon have been reported which includes excision of tissue and suturing and amniotic graft. Here we have used conjunctival autograft on the raw area after excision of adhesions and the result obtained was good.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first and a rare case of acquired ankyloblepharon in a young male following a single episode of purulent membranous conjunctivitis. Conjunctival autograft can be successfully used to cover the raw areas left after excision of adhesions.
Dry eye syndrome among patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Prasad Shimna Clara , Goudinho Sheldon James , Koshy Blessy Mary 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: One of the leading causes of dry eye syndrome (DES) is found to be diabetes mellitus (DM). The current study was conducted to detect possible tear film anomalies among diabetic individuals attributable to dry eye. The study aimed to assess the proportion of dry eye syndrome among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: Two hundred patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who came to the Ophthalmology OPD from October 2018 to November 2020 in the 29-60 years age group were included in the study. Patient data, diabetic history, dry eye symptoms, blood sugar values and tests to measure tear volume and tear film instability were carried out among patients and dry eyes were graded.
Results: The proportion of patients with dry eye symptoms among Type 2 diabetes mellitus were 61%. Mild dry eye syndrome was observed in 27%, moderate dry eye syndrome in 59% and severe dry eye syndrome in 14%. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was noted between the severity of dry eye syndrome and dry eye test parameters. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.923) was noted between severity of dry eye syndrome and Standardised Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score which was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: In our study, there was higher prevalence of dry eyes in patients who had Type 2 diabetes Mellitus which might be attributed to reduced tear secretion in diabetes mellitus patients caused by autonomic dysfunction in these patients. We recommend that dry eye evaluation should be an integral part of ocular examination in diabetic patients for early detection and treatment so that further complications can be prevented, which may lead to severe visual impairment.
Study of natural course of serous macular detachment in pregnancy induced hypertensive patients at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Devegowda Shilpa Yellur , Nagaraj Kalpana Badami , Rajanna Hithashree Hampannavar , Chikhanumanthappa Hemalatha B , Bypareddy Ravi , N Manoj Kumar , Tumbadi Kavitha L , Basumatary Jessica 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The research aimed to study the natural course of serous macular detachment SRD) in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), and document fundus changes, OCT findings and visual outcome.
Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study. Admitted patients underwent ocular screening, and detailed dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy. Those with serous macular detachment were further evaluated with OCT; characteristics of OCT analysed and recorded. All eyes were followed up till macular resolution was noted.
Results: Out of 4950 cases, 22 patients (38 eyes) had serous macular detachment. Mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 512.29 (SD 242.074). RPE irregularity (31.6%),subretinal hyperreflective dots (26.3%) and subretinal membranes (23.7%) were more commonly seen OCT features in these eyes.
The difference between mean vision and mean central macular thickness at different intervals was statistically significant : F(3, 111)=65.514, p - 0.001; F(3, 111)=47.331, p – 0.001 respectively. All eyes had resolution of retinal detachment with full visual recovery following delivery. However, 10 pregnancies had foetal mortality.
Conclusion: The incidence of ocular affection in pregnancy induced hypertension is 1-2%. Retinal detachment in such cases have good visual potential following termination of pregnancy. However, the cases had a high incidence of foetal demise. Therefore, early emphasis on early detection of ocular involvement in pregnancy induced hypertension and timely intervention is focused on to prevent foetal demise.
Evaluation of dry eye symptoms in lecturers working in medical colleges of Nepal: An online cross-sectional study following SARS-CoV-2 outbreak
Authors: Bista Bipin , Bista Padam Raj , Neupane Rasik , Gupta Sharad , Pandey Anwit Raj , Singh Aastha , Yadav Reena 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Dry eye is one of the frequently encountered ophthalmological disorders. Following the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019, use of masks and electronic devices has taken an upraise globally. These factors are one of the causes for dry eye disease. This study emphasises dry eye symptoms among lecturers working in medical colleges of Nepal.
Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 217 lecturers working in various medical colleges in Nepal. Dry eye evaluation was done using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Analysis of data was using Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0.
Results: One fourth (25.80%) of 217 participants experienced symptoms of dry eye disease.
Conclusion: Increasing use of mask and laptop during this pandemic era has shown to cause mild dry eye symptoms in lecturers working in medical colleges of Nepal. Proper care and precaution needs to be practised in order to minimise dry eye symptoms and its consequences.
Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact on Stock Markets: A Systematic Literature Review for Future Research Pathways
Authors: Mahanamahewa Ruwangi , Perera Wasantha 
Published: April 2024

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) which was initiated in the USA is considered the worst recession that collapsed the U.S. stock market. Moreover, the 2008 GFC acts as a textbook example where financial professionals may adopt the consequences and lessons learned during the crisis to effectively manage the future crisis incidences. Thus, this paper reviews the existing literature on the GFC and its impact on stock markets, to identify meaningful gaps in current knowledge, thereby uncovering future research pathways. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to review 100 articles selected from refereed journals from 2008 to 2020, followed by a content analysis. According to content analysis, the findings of this study are based on four themes; causes of the GFC, early warning indicators of the GFC, impact of the GFC on stock markets and the reforms after the GFC. The findings reveal that the main causes of the GFC was the US housing bubble burst and the credit crunch and highlights that the first signs of the GFC was indicated through changes to international reserves and exchange rates of the US during the period 2007 to 2008. Furthermore, literature provides mixed results on the impact of the GFC on emerging Asian stock markets, especially in China. Moreover, the most significant reform established after the crisis was regulating the financial system to improve the investor confidence. This paper will provide various emerging trends, consequences and lessons learned during the crisis. However, this study does not offer an original empirical result. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that includes a SLR and a detailed content analysis of the GFC literature covering the period of 2008-2020. Therefore, the findings of this paper can be utilised by researchers, investors, policymakers, and finance professionals to identify the new direction and improve their investment decisions.
Keywords: Global Financial Crisis, Stock Market, Systematic Literature Review
Exploring Online Learning Experiences of Undergraduates in a Selected National University, Sri Lanka
Authors: Madhuwanthi L. A. Pavithra , Muthulingam Aruna , Madusha M. G. Hansani 
Published: April 2024

The abrupt eruption of the COVID-19 pandemic forced drastic shifts in doing many things under new normal conditions. Consequently, the education sector too made a giant leap from traditional physical mode to an online learning method, giving a novel experience to students. Online learning is a form of education in which the main elements include the physical separation of teachers and students during instruction and the use of various technologies to facilitate student-teacher and student-student communication. Hence, the objective of this paper is to explore problems faced by undergraduates in online learning in a national university in Sri Lanka. This is a qualitative study that used a convenient sample of 30 undergraduates who have undergone both the traditional learning mode and online learning method. Data collection was carried out through a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire and a thematic analysis was employed for the study. The study found that undergraduates are experiencing a variety of problems in online learning as; technical issues, absence of conducive learning environment, financial burden, issues encountered from lecturers, pedagogical issues, and personal issues. This study provides useful implications for both the education policy formulators and educational institutions for the improvement of their online learning methods.
Keywords: Online Learning, Undergraduates, National University
COVID-19 Pandemic Disruption and Efficacy of Blended Learning on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Deepak Stephen 
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out globally in March 2019 disrupted lives and livelihood around the world. Around 2.6 billion from Asia to Europe to Africa were quarantined. The pandemic wrung in fear, anxiety and loss of life impacting the psychological wellbeing of everyone (WHO, 2020). The virus affected approximately 118,000 people in 114 countries around the world forcing the World Health Organisation to declare it a pandemic on the 11 March 2020 (WHO, 2020). By 15 June 2020, 435,600 people had succumbed to the killer virus with 7.9 million people testing positive. Educational systems around the world too were troubled due to the unexpected spread of the infection. The pandemic shut academic institutions all around the world disrupting teaching-learning process as countries imposed strict lockdowns and quarantine rules. Nevertheless, academic institutions found new ways of continuing the teaching-learning process and quickly implemented the Blended Learning Educational Pedagogy. This study examines the efficacy of the Blended Learning Pedagogy on learning outcomes among learners during the pandemic. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study. Accordingly, 152 participants were included in the sample chosen using the convenient sampling method. Among them, 106 respondents were classified as active users of blended learning whose opinions were gathered for effective analysis. The study shows a strong positive correlation between Blended learning and learning outcomes. The result indicated a 53% correlation, whereas the extent of influence on learning outcomes was nearly half of it indicating that blended learning partially impacted learning outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19, Blended Learning, Learning outcomes, Education Sector