bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein B (HspB) localizes in vivo in the gastric mucosa and MALT lymphoma
Authors: De Luca Antonio , De Falco Maria , Manente Lucrezia , Dattilo Doriana , Lucariello Angela , Esposito Vincenzo , Gnarini Mariarosaria , Citro Gennaro , Baldi Alfonso , Tufano Maria Antonietta , Iaquinto Gaetano 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHeat shock protein B (HspB) is one of the dominant proteins recognized by most Helicobacter pylori‐infected persons and is being considered as potential candidates for subunit vaccines. In the present study we describe the generation of an antibody against HspB and its use in immunohistochemical assays on gastric biopsies. We have demonstrated that our rabbit polyclonal antibody against HspB did not recognize any protein in lysates from a lung human epithelial cell (H1299) line and did not cross‐react with the other members of human heat shock proteins. Secondly, we have observed that in gastric biopsies, HspB immunostaining was present inside the cytoplasm of human epithelial cells with a particular localization in the apical portion of gastric epithelial cells other than in the extracellular spaces among gastric cells of human stomach. Finally, we have demonstrated a cytoplasmic HspB immunostaining in groups of neoplastic cells of MALT lymphoma. In conclusion, our observations suggest a possible involvement of HspB in the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐related pathologies such as gastritis, ulcer and gastric cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 78–82, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PACAP provides colonic protection against dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis
Authors: Azuma Yasu‐Taka , Hagi Kiyomi , Shintani Norihito , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Nakajima Hidemitsu , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Baba Akemichi , Takeuchi Tadayoshi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays a crucial role in immunity and inflammation. Our aim was to obtain insight in the role of PACAP in experimental colitis in mice and thus its possible role in inflammatory bowel disease. PACAP‐deficient (PACAP−/−) mice and wild‐type control mice were challenged by colitis‐inducing agent, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We monitored clinical symptoms, intestinal morphology, and difference of cytokine production in the proximal and distal colon. After DSS administration, mortality was more severe inPACAP−/−mice versus wild‐type control mice. The histological score and the disease activity index ofPACAP−/−mice were significantly higher than those of wild‐type control mice. In proximal colon, production of IL‐1β and IL‐6 inPACAP−/−mice were significantly upregulated on day 8 after DSS administration, compared to wild‐type control mice. In distal colon, furthermore, production of IFNγ, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, and KC were significantly higher inPACAP−/−mice than in wild‐type control mice on day 4. Our findings indicate that PACAP regulates the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokine in the experimental colitis. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 111–119, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative stability of perpendicular versus parallel double‐locking plating systems in osteoporotic comminuted distal humerus fractures
Authors: Stoffel Karl , Cunneen Sam , Morgan Robert , Nicholls Rochelle , Stachowiak Gwidon 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn distal humerus fractures, the restoration of stability is important to allow early mobilization and hence more favorable functional outcomes. In this article, we compare the biomechanical stability of perpendicular and parallel locking plating systems for the internal fixation of AO Type C2 distal humerus fractures in osteoporotic bone. Fractures were simulated in paired cadaveric bones and fixed using either the perpendicular 3.5 mm LCP distal humerus plating system (Synthes; Sydney, Australia) or the parallel Mayo Clinic Congruent elbow plate system (Acumed; Hillsboro, OR), using locking screws in both systems. Both systems were then tested for their stiffness (in compression and internal/external rotation), plastic deformation, and failure in torsion. Comparatively, the parallel locking plate system provided a significantly higher stability in compression (p = 0.005) and external rotation (p = 0.006), and a greater ability (p = 0.005) to resist axial plastic deformation. Stability for both constructs appeared to be dependent on bone quality, however the stability of the perpendicular system was generally more sensitive to bone mineral density, indicating a possible need for additional independent interfragmentary screws. A disadvantage of the parallel locking plate system was wear debris produced by its tapping system. In summary, the biomechanical findings of this study suggest that both locking plate systems allow early mobilization of the elbow in patients with osteoporotic bone following fixation of a comminuted distal humerus fracture. However, the parallel locking system showed improved stability compared with the perpendicular locking system, and therefore may be more indicated. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:778–784, 2008
Measurement of bone blood flow using the hydrogen washout technique—part II: Validation by comparison to microsphere entrapment
Authors: Larsen Mikko , Pelzer Michael , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAccurate and reproducible measurement of bone blood flow has important clinical and experimental applications. Hydrogen washout is simple, safe, and widely used, but its use in bone tissue has not been validated. To this end, we have compared cortical bone blood flow measurements obtained by radioactive‐labeled microsphere entrapment with those from hydrogen washout. Blood flow was measured in tibial cortical bone of 12 New Zealand White rabbits by radioactive microsphere entrapment and by hydrogen washout. Besides a control group (n = 6), four animals were treated with systemic epinephrine (0.8 µg/kg/min) (group 2) and two with nitroprusside (100 µg/kg/min) (group 3). Furthermore, nine femora from seven rats were isolated on their vascular pedicles and repeated bone blood flow measurements were made at each location with the hydrogen washout method to confirm reproducibility of blood flow determinations by hydrogen washout. An average flow of 2.3 ± 2.0 mL/min/100 g was obtained with the microsphere method and 2.0 ± 0.5 mL/min/100 g with the hydrogen washout method. There was a significant correlation and agreement: R2 = 0.97 (p < 0.01). No consistent flow variations were found with systemic vasoactive drug administration. Hydrogen washout provided reproducible results and showed high sensitivity to flow changes. Hydrogen washout is both sensitive and reproducible in measuring bone blood flow. Results agree well with flow values obtained by labeled microsphere entrapment. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:746–752, 2008
Study of strain and wetting phenomena in porous silicon by Raman scattering
Authors: Ferrara M. A. , Donato M. G. , Sirleto L. , Messina G. , Santangelo S. , Rendina I. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, porous silicon (PS) layers of different porosity and thickness have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The estimation of built‐in strain in PS is reported. Moreover, wetting phenomena in PS layers have been also investigated. The results prove a reversible blue shift of Raman spectra of wetted PS layers with respect to unperturbed layers. We ascribe the shift to a compressive stress due to the increased lattice mismatch between the PS layer and the bulk silicon substrate in wetting conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman characterizations of Pompei'smortars
Authors: Castriota M. , Cosco V. , Barone T. , De Santo G. , Carafa P. , Cazzanelli E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe ancient town of Pompei offers a unique opportunity to study in detail many aspects of the every day life during the Roman early imperial age. The application of micro‐Raman spectroscopy can be of great help in performing a reasonably rapid comparative analysis of the mortars, quite useful to ascertain the degree of uniformity of the technical recipes among the various building firms and the eventual technical evolution in the time; moreover, the individuation of minerals of specific geographical origins can give useful information about the extension of commercial intercourses. An example of a micro‐Raman investigation on building materials is reported in this work, concerning the analysis of the mortars coming from different points of the wall in the ‘The House of the Wedding of Hercules’. Remarkable differences between ancient and modern mortars are found, allowing a discrimination that can be useful in the case of historical building which underwent several restoration works. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman and infrared characterization of the vibrational properties of the antimalarial drug artemisinin
Authors: Moroni Laura , Gellini Cristina , Miranda Maurizio Muniz , Salvi Pier Remigio , Foresti Maria Luisa , Innocenti Massimo , Loglio Francesca , Salvietti Emanuele 
Published: January 2008

AbstractArtemisinin is one of the most powerful new generation antimalarial drugs. The active center is the peroxide group of the caged trioxane heterocycle, which either blocks the free heme released by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite or acts on key proteins causing the parasite death. Both processes involve the activation of the 1,2,4‐trioxanic ring through interaction with the Fe(II)–heme complex. Since considerable effort was made to synthesize antimalarial drugs containing the endoperoxide group, it becomes fundamental to know the structural and dynamical properties of artemisinin. For this reason, Raman and Fourier transform (FT) infrared studies have been undertaken here on the vibrational properties of artemisinin, its derivative artemether and δ‐valerolactone, the latter being the molecule mimicking the lactonic ring of artemisinin. The vibrational data of the three molecules have been analyzed through the comparison with ab initio calculations based on DFT/B3‐LYP/cc‐pVDZ procedures. Modes of artemisinin have been correlated with those of component units. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free Rotational Diffusion of Rigid Particles with Arbitrary Surface Topography: A Brownian Dynamics Study Using Eulerian Angles
Authors: Evensen Tom Richard , Naess Stine Nalum , Elgsaeter Arnljot 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRotational diffusion of rigid bodies is an important topic that has attracted sustained interest for many decades, but most existing studies are limited to particles with simple symmetries. Here, we present a simple Brownian dynamics algorithm that can be used to study the free rotational diffusion of rigid particles with arbitrary surface topography. The main difference between the new algorithm and previous algorithms is how the numerical values of the mobility tensor are calculated. The only parameters in the numerical algorithm that depend on particle shape are the principal values of the particle rotational mobility tensor. These three scalars contain all information about the surface topography that is relevant for the particle rotational diffusion. Because these principal values only need to be pre‐calculated once, the resulting general algorithm is highly efficient. The algorithm is valid for arbitrary mass density distribution throughout the rigid body. In this paper, we use Eulerian angles as the generalized coordinates describing the particle angular orientation.magnified image
Confinement Effect on the Body‐Centered‐Cubic Phase of Diblock Copolymers in Film
Authors: Tan Hongge , Song Qinggong , Yang Shuang , Yan Dadong , Shi An‐Chang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study the morphology of diblock copolymers with the body‐centered‐cubic (bcc) phase confined between two flat surfaces. Employing the Landau–Brazovskii mean field theory and the single mode approximation, we obtain three amplitude parameters as functions of temperature, surface field strength, and film thickness. Because of the effect of confinement size and the surface inducement, the morphology of confined diblock copolymers is different from the bulk structure. By controlling confinement size and surface field strength, lamella, undulated lamella, cylinder, and distorted cylinder can be observed in the bcc bulk phase of diblock copolymers. Also, we construct a “phase diagram” of confinement‐induced structures at different surface field strengths. We compare the present theoretical results with the other relevant theoretical results. The predictions about these interesting confinement‐induced structures should be observable in the experiments under suitable conditions.magnified image
Effects of interactions among polyaniline, camphorsulfonic acid and silica on the structure and properties of their conductive hybrids
Authors: Lee Hsun‐Tsing , Wang Chee‐Chan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work, the effects of interactions among polyaniline (PAn), camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), and silica on the structure and properties of their sol‐gel hybrids are investigated. These interactions were revealed by FTIR, UV–vis spectra, and XRD patterns. The interaction between PAn and CSA raises conductivities of the CSA‐doped PAn/SiO2 (c‐PAn/SiO2) hybrids. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interaction between c‐PAn and silicic acid (precursor of SiO2) leads to a less degree of three‐dimensional network structure of the SiO2 component in a hybrid with higher PAn content. In addition, because of the interactions among CSA, Pan, and SiO2, the conductive c‐PAn‐rich phase distributes uniformly in the hybrid and thermal resistance of the hybrid is enhanced consequently. Besides, the c‐PAn/SiO2 hybrid with higher SiO2 content exhibits more significant blue‐shift of its polaron band, lower conductivity, and higher thermal resistance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
High‐density polyethylene reinforced with submicron titania particles
Authors: Bondioli Federica , Dorigato Andrea , Fabbri Paola , Messori Massimo , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSubmicron titania particles were prepared by means of two different synthetic procedures in order to obtain different particle size (diameter ranging from 20 to 350 nm), shapes, and morphologies (amorphous or crystalline). Titania particles were surface modified with octadecylsilane in order to improve their compatibility with respect to polymeric matrices. High‐density polyethylene (HDPE)–titania composites were prepared by melt blending by using an internal mixer. The obtained composites were mechanically characterized in quasi static and creep tensile conditions. The presence of submicron titania particles (1 %vol) led to a significant increase of elastic modulus (20–25%) with respect to the unreinforced HDPE together with a slight increase of yield stress and a decrease of ultimate elongation. An interesting reduction for both elastic and viscoelastic creep compliance components was also evidenced. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Anomalous mechanical behavior upon recycling of poly(phenylene‐ether)‐based thermoplastic elastomer
Authors: Gupta Samik , Pallavi M.B. , Som Abhijit , Krishnamurthy Raja , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRecycling of thermoplastic elastomers based on poly (phenylene ether) (PPE) was studied in detail. The quaternary blend comprising of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/PPE‐PS (polystyrene) showed improvement in mechanical properties upon recycling, which was correlated with the formation of crosslinked network in the system. Presence of crosslinked network was confirmed by the gel content analysis. The blend components involved in the crosslinking were evaluated by gel morphology analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the chemical composition of the crosslinked gel. Crosslinking mechanism was established based on the reactivity of allylic EVA radical during recycling. Rheological study supported the notion of crosslinking upon recycling that resulted in higher storage modulus (G′) as a manifestation of restrained flow by network formation. On the basis of the earlier data, a reaction mechanism for crosslinking was proposed. Finally, structure–property correlation was developed through morphological, chemical, and rheological analysis to understand the anomalous enhancement in mechanical properties upon recycling. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
The structure‐property relationship of novolac cured epoxy resin/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Yen , Lu Shau‐Tai , Huang Chin‐Jei , Liu Jia‐Xiang , Li Chih‐Hung , Chen Li‐Chun , Ray Umasankar 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIntercalated or exfoliated novolac cured epoxy resin nanocomposites were prepared with two different kinds of layered silicates – montmorillonite (PK‐802) and nontronite (PK‐805). The bifunctional modifiers (PI/BEN or MI/BEN) are used to modify the clays for improvement of the properties of polymer where benzalkonium chloride (BEN) acts as a compatibilizing agent and 2‐phenylimidazole (PI) or 2‐methylimidazole (MI) as the accelerators. Both the compatibilizer and accelerator are simultaneously intercalated into the gallery space of pure clays to form the modified clay. The novolac cured epoxy nanocomposites are prepared with these modified clays by crosslinking polymerization reaction. The properties of novolac cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. According to the measurement, these novolac cured epoxy‐clay nanocomposites have been shown the significant improvement in the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties that may be applied to make printed circuit board. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Styrene/substituted styrene copolymerization by Ph2Zn–metallocene–MAO systems: homo‐ and copolymerization of p‐methoxystyrene with styrene
Authors: Rabagliati Franco M , Mardones Gabriela V , Muñoz Héctor E , Rodríguez Francisco J 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present work is part of a general study regarding the homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene using diphenylzinc–additive initiator systems, with the aim of improving the properties of commercial atactic polystyrene. The study is focused on syndiotactic polystyrene and/or copolymers of styrene (S) with substituted styrene, styrene derivatives or various α‐olefins. This research has been ongoing over the last 15 years.RESULTS: The reported experiments show that binary metallocene–methylaluminoxane (MAO) and ternary Ph2Zn–metallocene–MAO, depending on the metallocene employed, are capable of inducing both homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene and p‐methoxystyrene (p‐MeOS). The results indicate that for a styrene/p‐MeOS mole ratio with p‐MeOS > 25% the product obtained has only a minor incorporation of styrene units. The efficiency of the metallocenes studied follows the order bis(n‐butylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride ((n‐BuCp)2TiCl2) > indenyltitanium trichloride (IndTiCl3) > Cp2TiCl2.CONCLUSION: Metallocenes (n‐BuCp)2TiCl2, Cp2TiCl2 and IndTiCl3 in binary systems combined with MAO, as well as in ternary systems combined with Ph2Zn and MAO, induce the homopolymerization of p‐MeOS and its copolymerization with styrene. The styrene/p‐MeOS copolymer obtained was enriched in p‐MeOS with respect to the initial feed, in agreement with the I+ inductive effect of the methoxy group in the para position of styrene. As already reported, the role of Ph2Zn was nullified by its complexation with the p‐MeOS comonomer. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of biodiesel as a green polymerization solvent at elevated temperatures
Authors: Salehpour Somaieh , Dubé Marc A 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Many important polymers are produced via solution polymerization. The solvent maintains a low viscosity, which provides many practical advantages related to heat transfer, mixing and material handling. Despite these advantages, commonly used solvents often present health and environmental problems. In an effort to replace these toxic solvents, a ‘green’ polymerization solvent, namely canola‐based FAME (fatty acid methyl ester or biodiesel), was used for solution polymerizations at an elevated temperature.RESULTS: Homopolymerizations of methyl methacrylate, styrene, butyl acrylate and vinyl acetate in FAME were studied at different solvent concentrations at 120 °C. Chain transfer to solvent rate constants (Cfs) were obtained for each polymer system and Arrhenius parameters for Cfs, i.e. Ea and A, were also calculated. These new solvent data were employed in a polymerization simulator to predict rate of polymerization and number‐ and weight‐average molecular weights for these commercially important systems. Model predictions showed reasonable agreement with experimental data.CONCLUSION: FAME fulfills the demands as a polymerization solvent. From an ecological perspective, FAME provides an environmentally friendly alternative to common solvents. From an industrial perspective, using FAME as a high‐boiling polymerization solvent can increase productivity by enabling polymerizations at elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analyses of intermediate filaments reveals cytokeratin8 is highly acetylated – implications for colorectal epithelial homeostasis
Authors: Leech Siân H. , Evans Caroline A. , Shaw Leila , Wong Chi H. , Connolly Joanne , Griffiths John R. , Whetton Anthony D. , Corfe Bernard M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractButyrate is a critical cancer‐preventive element in the colon milieu whose mechanism of action is unclear, but appears to be mediated through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and consequent alterations in global protein acetylation. Cytokeratins (CKs) have roles in cytoskeletal function as components of the intermediate filaments (IFs) and this involves CKs in the regulation of tissue homeostasis of high‐turnover epithelia such as the colon. We used a 2‐D gel/MS analysis to characterise the proteome of IFs, and a novel monitoring‐initiated detection and sequencing (MIDAS) approach to identify acetylation sites on principal proteins. We report that CKs are highly acetylated in a colon cancer cell line, with five acetylation sites characterised on CK8 and a further one on CK18. Acetylation of CK8 is responsive to butyrate. HDAC5 is the deacetylase associated with IFs. These data indicate a novel action of butyrate as a cancer preventive agent. Acetylation of CK8 may be associated with IFs stabilisation and thereby provide a candidate mechanism for the appropriate retention or loss of epithelial cells from the flat mucosa.