bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma renin as a novel prognostic biomarker of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Chakradhar Anjali , Baron Rebecca M. , Vera Mayra Pinilla , Devarajan Prasad , Chawla Lakhmir , Hou Peter C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition in critical care medicine for which there is a substantial need for early prognostic biomarkers of outcome. The present study seeks to link plasma renin levels and 30-day mortality in sepsis-associated ARDS patients treated at our institution. The Registry of Critical Illness (RoCI) prospectively enrolled patients from the intensive care units (ICU) within a single academic medical center, and a convenience sample of patients with sepsis-associated ARDS was analyzed from this cohort. This study was approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Boards (IRB) as part of the RoCI, and all procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional board. From April 2012 to February 2019, a cohort of 32 adult sepsis-associated ARDS patients with 500 µL of plasma samples available on Day 0 and Day 3 of their ICU stay were enrolled. Renin levels were measured twice, on Day 0 and Day 3 via the direct renin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA EIA-525) by DRG diagnostics. Day 0 and Day 3 renin were statistically evaluated via logistic regression to predict 30-day mortality. Direct renin levels of 64 samples were assayed from 32 sepsis-associated ARDS patients (50% male; mean ± SD, 55 ± 13.8 years old). The 30-day hospital mortality rate was 59.4%. Patients who died within 30 days of admission were more likely to have an elevated Day 3 Renin (Odds ratio [OR] = 6, 95% CI 1.25–28.84) and have received vasopressors (OR = 13.33, 95% CI 1.43–123.95). Adjusting for vasopressor use as a proxy for septic shock status, patients with an Elevated Day 3 Renin had a 6.85 (95% CI 1.07–43.75) greater odds of death than those with Low-Normal Day 3 Renin. Patients with sustained Elevated Renin levels from Day 0 to Day 3 had the highest risk of death in a 30-day window. In this study, we found that renin may be a novel biomarker that has prognostic value for patients with sepsis-associated ARDS. Future studies evaluating renin levels in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS are needed to validate these findings.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino ethnic subgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elhabashy Maryam , Chiangong Jolyna , Villalobos Kevin , Montiel Ishino Francisco A. , Adzrago David , Williams Faustine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHispanic/Latino populations experienced disproportionate exposure to depression risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. While aggregated data confirm the risks of depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino individuals, little research uses disaggregated data to investigate these risks based on ethnic subgroups. Using the “Understanding the Impact of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Social Distancing on Physical and Psychosocial (Mental) Health and Chronic Diseases” survey, which was distributed nationally between May 13, 2021, and January 9, 2022 (N = 5413), we estimated the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino ethnic subgroups during the pandemic. We performed descriptive analysis on a 116-item survey, which collected disaggregated data from Hispanic/Latino individuals aged ≥ 18 years (n = 1181). About one-third of the participants reported depressive symptoms (31.3%), with those who self-identified as other Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin (40.2%) reporting the highest depressive symptom prevalence. Among participants who reported depression treatment before the pandemic, the highest reports of treatment were among Puerto Rican (81.8%) participants. More than one-third of participants receiving prior depression treatment (38.7%) reported treatment interference by the pandemic, mostly among Central American individuals (50.0%). This study highlights the need for integrating more disaggregated data into public health approaches which seek to target population subgroups and reduce racial/ethnic mental health disparities.
Exploring osteochondral damage patterns in acute patellar dislocation: insights into morphological associations and risk factors
Authors: Gao Yu , Wei Chunxiao , Yang Modi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteochondral damage (OD) is a significant outcome following acute patellar dislocation (APD), yet the factors contributing to its susceptibility remain unclear. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between demographic characteristics, patellofemoral (PF) joint morphology, and the occurrence of OD. A retrospective analysis identified 74 patients with APD who underwent treatment in our unit between 2019 and 2022. All patients received MRI within a week of injury to assess OD, subsequently categorized according to the injury pattern. The Caton-Deschamps index (CDI), tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), lateral trochlear inclination (LTI), sulcus angle (SA), patellar width (PW), patellar thickness (PT), and femoral condyle geometry were calculated from the MRI scans and compared between groups. The findings revealed that OD predominantly manifested in the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) region and the medial patella (MP) region. In our patient cohort, this study identified a significant association between sulcus angle and the incidence of OD in both MP and LFC regions. Additionally, a significant correlation was discerned between skeletal maturity and the incidence of OD in the LFC region within demographic characteristics.
HIV-Tocky system to visualize proviral expression dynamics
Authors: Reda Omnia , Monde Kazuaki , Sugata Kenji , Rahman Akhinur , Sakhor Wajihah , Rajib Samiul Alam , Sithi Sharmin Nahar , Tan Benjy Jek Yang , Niimura Koki , Motozono Chihiro , Maeda Kenji , Ono Masahiro , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Satou Yorifumi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeterminants of HIV-1 latency establishment are yet to be elucidated. HIV reservoir comprises a rare fraction of infected cells that can survive host and virus-mediated killing. In vitro reporter models so far offered a feasible means to inspect this population, but with limited capabilities to dissect provirus silencing dynamics. Here, we describe a new HIV reporter model, HIV-Timer of cell kinetics and activity (HIV-Tocky) with dual fluorescence spontaneous shifting to reveal provirus silencing and reactivation dynamics. This unique feature allows, for the first time, identifying two latent populations: a directly latent, and a recently silenced subset, with the latter having integration features suggestive of stable latency. Our proposed model can help address the heterogeneous nature of HIV reservoirs and offers new possibilities for evaluating eradication strategies.
Recent developments in wearable breath sensors for healthcare monitoring
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Lee Jinwoo , Park Moo Kyun , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWithin the breath lie numerous health indicators, encompassing respiratory patterns and biomarkers extending beyond respiratory conditions to cardiovascular health. Recently, the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has not only underscored the necessity of on-the-spot breath analysis but has also normalized the use of masks in everyday life. Simultaneously, the rapid evolution of wearable technology has given rise to innovative healthcare monitoring tools, with a specific emphasis on wearable breath sensors. This review explores current research trends in utilizing wearable breathing sensors to detect diverse respiratory biomarkers and monitor respiratory parameters, including airflow, temperature, and humidity. Additionally, it explores diverse applications, ranging from recognizing breathing patterns to swiftly detecting diseases. Integrating the Internet of Things and machine learning technologies into these applications highlights their potential to offer a personalized, accurate, and efficient healthcare solution.
Computational thematics: comparing algorithms for clustering the genres of literary fiction
Authors: Sobchuk Oleg , Šeļa Artjoms 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhat are the best methods of capturing thematic similarity between literary texts? Knowing the answer to this question would be useful for automatic clustering of book genres, or any other thematic grouping. This paper compares a variety of algorithms for unsupervised learning of thematic similarities between texts, which we call “computational thematics”. These algorithms belong to three steps of analysis: text pre-processing, extraction of text features, and measuring distances between the lists of features. Each of these steps includes a variety of options. We test all the possible combinations of these options. Every combination of algorithms is given a task to cluster a corpus of books belonging to four pre-tagged genres of fiction. This clustering is then validated against the “ground truth” genre labels. Such comparison of algorithms allows us to learn the best and the worst combinations for computational thematic analysis. To illustrate the difference between the best and the worst methods, we then cluster 5000 random novels from the HathiTrust corpus of fiction.
Impact of large A-site cations on electron–vibrational interactions in 2D halide perovskites: Ab initio quantum dynamics
Authors: Dai Dandan , Agrawal Sraddha , Prezhdo Oleg V. , Long Run 
Published: March 2024

Using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we study the effect of large A-site cations on nonradiative electron–hole recombination in two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites HA2APb2I7, HA = n-hexylammonium, A = methylammonium (MA), or guanidinium (GA). The steric hindrance created by large GA cations distorts and stiffens the inorganic Pb–I lattice, reduces thermal structural fluctuations, and maintains the delocalization of electrons and holes at ambient and elevated temperatures. The delocalized charges interact more strongly in the GA system than in the MA system, and the charge recombination is accelerated. In contrast, replacement of only some MA cations with GA enhances disorder and increases charge lifetime, as seen in three-dimensional perovskites. This study highlights the key influence of structural fluctuations and disorder on the properties of charge carriers in metal halide perovskites, providing guidance for tuning materials’ optoelectronic performance.
Breaking the cosmological principle into pieces: a prelude to the intrinsically homogeneous and isotropic spacetimes
Authors: Gomes L G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, we show that there are three fundamental building blocks supporting the cosmological principle. The first of them states that there is a special frame in the Universe where the spatial geometry is intrinsically homogeneous and isotropic. The second demands the existence of a fiducial observer to whom the Hubble parameter is isotropic. The last piece states that matter and radiation behave as a perfect fluid. We show that these three hypotheses give us the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetimes, the central pillar of the standard model of cosmology. We keep with the first of them and start to investigate the so-called intrinsically homogeneous and isotropic spacetimes. They emerge after the decoupling of the CMB with the geometric frame of reference. Furthermore, a ‘ΛCDM-like’ effective theory arises naturally in those backgrounds, together with some new density parameters relating to the local inhomogeneities, the internal energy density, and the local and global magnitudes of the Hubble anisotropy. All those properties make this class of inhomogeneous models, which roughly speaking, keeps ‘1/3’ of the cosmological principle, worth investigating in applications to cosmology, for it can accommodate the same ingredients of the standard model, as a geometric frame and a free-falling isotropic cosmic background radiation, and reduce to the latter when some observable parameters vanish.
Matrix recovery from nonconvex regularized least absolute deviations
Authors: Xu Jiao , Li Peng , Zheng Bing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the low-rank matrix recovery problem. We propose the nonconvex regularized least absolute deviations model via

ℓ
1

−
α

ℓ
2

(
0
<
α
<
1
)

minimization. We establish the theoretical analysis of the proposed model and obtain a stable error estimation. Our result is a nontrivial extension of some previous work. Different from most of the state-of-the-art methods, our method does not need any knowledge of standard deviation or any moment assumption of the noise. Numerical experiments show that our method is effective for many types of noise distributions.
Coherent energy transfers between orthogonal modes of a dielectric cavity bridged by a plasmonic antenna
Authors: Xie Bo , Ma Lin , You Yue , Du Xiao-Jing , Hu Ma-Long , Tang Xu-Tao , He Jun , Yang Zhong-Jian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a strategy that two orthogonal modes in a dielectric cavity can efficiently couple with each other through the bridging effect of a plasmonic antenna. In such a dielectric-antenna hybrid system, a plasmonic antenna can coherently interact with both modes of the dielectric cavity, which brings sufficient coherent energy transfers between the two orthogonal modes. Specifically, a broad electromagnetic mode and a narrow whispering gallery mode (WGM) in a subwavelength silicon disk are considered, where they cannot directly interact with each other through near-field couplings. By introducing a plasmonic antenna, coherent energy transfer between the above two modes occurs, which is confirmed by both far-field spectra and near-field distributions. More investigations show that spectral and spatial overlaps between the involved modes can largely affect energy transfer behaviors. Those overlaps are highly dependent on various parameters of the system. The WGM response in the hybrid system can even exceed that of an individual disk. Our proposed strategy can be extended to other similar systems and the modified optical responses can find applications in enhanced light-matter interactions.
Basic characteristics of Vision badge and its performance as an eye lens dosimeter for endoscopists
Authors: Fukushima Kotaro , Matsubara Kosuke , Ichikawa Nao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vision badge is an eye lens dosimeter to measure H
p(3). This study aimed to evaluate the basic characteristics of the Vision badge and its performance as an eye lens dosimeter for endoscopists by phantom study. Energy dependence was evaluated by changing the tube voltage to 50 kV (effective energy of 27.9 keV), 80 kV (32.2 keV), and 120 kV (38.7 keV). Dose linearity was evaluated by changing the number of irradiation to 1, 5, and 40 times, which corresponded to 0.53, 5.32, and 21.4 mGy. Batch uniformity was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variation of H
p(3) obtained from 10 Vision badges. Angular dependence was evaluated at 0° (perpendicular to the incident direction of x-rays), 30°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. The Vision badge and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter were attached to the inside of the radioprotective glasses, worn on the endoscopist phantom, and the H
p(3) obtained from both dosimeters were compared. The H
p(3) obtained from the Vision badge with 38.7 keV was 3.8% higher than that with 27.9 keV. The Vision badge showed excellent linearity (R
2 = 1.00) with the air kerma up to 21.4 mGy. The coefficient of variation of the H
p(3) for 10 Vision badges was 3.47%. The relative dose of the Vision badge decreased as the angle increased up to 75°, but increased at 90°. The H
p(3) obtained by the OSL dosimeter and the Vision badge were decreased as the endoscopist phantom was turned away from the patient phantom. The H
p(3) that was obtained by the Vision badge was 35.5%–55.0% less than that obtained by the nanoDot. In conclusion, the Vision badge showed specific angular dependence due to its shape, but satisfactory basic properties were exhibited for all characteristics. In phantom study, the Vision badge showed generally similar trends with the OSL dosimeter.
Blood flow restriction attenuates surface mechanomyography lateral and longitudinal, but not transverse oscillations during fatiguing exercise
Authors: Hill Ethan C , Proppe Chris E , Rivera Paola M , Lubiak Sean M , Gonzalez Rojas David H , Lawson John E , Choi Hwan , Mansy Hansen , Keller Joshua L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Surface mechanomyography (sMMG) can measure oscillations of the activated muscle fibers in three axes (i.e. X, Y, and Z-axes) and has been used to describe motor unit activation patterns (X-axis). The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) is common in exercise studies, but the cuff may restrict muscle fiber oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of submaximal, fatiguing exercise with and without BFR on sMMG amplitude in the X, Y, and Z-axes among female participants. Approach. Sixteen females (21 ± 1 years) performed two separate exercise bouts to volitional exhaustion that consisted of unilateral, submaximal (50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) intermittent, isometric, leg extensions with and without BFR. sMMG was recorded and examined across percent time to exhaustion (%TTE) in 20% increments. Separate 2-way repeated measures ANOVA models were constructed: (condition [BFR, non-BFR]) × (time [20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% TTE]) to examine absolute (m·s−2) and normalized (% of pretest MVIC) sMMG amplitude in the X-(sMMG-X), Y-(sMMG-Y), and Z-(sMMG-Z) axes. Main results. The absolute sMMG-X amplitude responses were attenuated with the application of BFR (mean ± SD = 0.236 ± 0.138 m·s−2) relative to non-BFR (0.366 ± 0.199 m·s−2, collapsed across time) and for sMMG-Y amplitude at 60%–100% of TTE (BFR range = 0.213–0.232 m·s−2 versus non-BFR = 0.313–0.445 m·s−2). Normalizing sMMG to pretest MVIC removed most, but not all the attenuation which was still evident for sMMG-Y amplitude at 100% of TTE between BFR (72.9 ± 47.2%) and non-BFR (98.9 ± 53.1%). Interestingly, sMMG-Z amplitude was not affected by the application of BFR and progressively decreased across %TTE (0.332 ± 0.167 m·s−2 to 0.219 ± 0.104 m·s−2, collapsed across condition.) Significance. The application of BFR attenuated sMMG-X and sMMG-Y amplitude, although normalizing sMMG removed most of this attenuation. Unlike the X and Y-axes, sMMG-Z amplitude was not affected by BFR and progressively decreased across each exercise bout potentially tracking the development of muscle fatigue.
Hollow vortex Gaussian beam expressed in terms of cylindrical wave
Authors: Zhong Shiliang , Lin Jianxin , Shen Jianqi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The electrical field of hollow vortex Gaussian beam (HVGB) with an arbitrary combination of the beam order and topological charge is formulated by using the cylindrical wave spectrum representation (CWSR), which satisfies Maxwell’s equations rigorously and allows to study analytically and numerically the evolution of the beam along its propagation in the source region and the near/far- field regions. It is found that in the source region there exists a sharp and very narrow peak, due to the contribution of evanescent waves when the beam order and the topological charge satisfy specific relations. The effect of the spiral phase plate (SPP) in generating a non-vortex Gaussian beam to a vortex one is explained. Besides, it is found that the divergence of the beam is mainly determined by the topological charge and the hollow structure is mainly determined by the beam order.
Identifying key products to trigger new exports: an explainable machine learning approach
Authors: Fessina Massimiliano , Albora Giambattista , Tacchella Andrea , Zaccaria Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tree-based machine learning algorithms provide the most precise assessment of the feasibility for a country to export a target product given its export basket. However, the high number of parameters involved prevents a straightforward interpretation of the results and, in turn, the explainability of policy indications. In this paper, we propose a procedure to statistically validate the importance of the products used in the feasibility assessment. In this way, we are able to identify which products, called explainers, significantly increase the probability to export a target product in the near future. The explainers naturally identify a low dimensional representation, the Feature Importance Product Space, that enhances the interpretability of the recommendations and provides out-of-sample forecasts of the export baskets of countries. Interestingly, we detect a positive correlation between the complexity of a product and the complexity of its explainers.
Unravelling the genetic diversity and taxonomic ambiguities of endemic Petunia species from subtropical highland grasslands
Authors: Souza Analu C , Soares Luana S , Backes Alice , Simon Luize , Pezzi Pedro H , Turchetto Caroline , Freitas Loreta B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Closely related and young species often show high morphological similarity, challenging their identification and correct assignment. Molecular markers and integrative approaches have contributed to solving many taxonomic uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the genetic variability and ecological features of Petunia guarapuavensis and Petunia scheideana, over which there is a taxonomic debate. Both species are endemic and rare, distributed in the subtropical highland grasslands in southern South America. We based our analyses on nuclear microsatellite and plastid sequences, aiming to disentangle the taxonomic ambiguities that made some consider these entities synonymous despite occupying different clades in the genus phylogenetic tree. Our findings support that there is genetic differentiation between these species, suggesting that they are independent taxonomic entities despite sharing floral traits and a few molecular polymorphisms. The low genetic sharing between the species is likely due to a common ancestor and recent divergence time. In contrast, their morphological similarity can be attributed to the absence of selective pressure, as both grow under similar ecological conditions. This study emphasizes that adding more than one sequence per species, combining data with dissimilar inheritance patterns, and exploring data through different methodologies help to disentangle taxonomic incongruences and reveal diversity that might otherwise remain hidden.