bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual tool for bilaterally controlled forceps robot‐for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Abeykoon A. M. Harsha S. , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundBilateral control enables an operator to be placed away from the working environment. A slave manipulator usually works at a remote site or in a hazardous environment while the master operator senses the environment through the slave manipulator. Bilateral control can be used in surgeries. Usually doctors are very sensitive to the tactile sensation they feel through medical tools. If bilateral control is used in a surgery, ideally the doctor should perceive the sensation of both the body tissue and the reaction force from the specialized tool. Many surgical instruments are essentially similar at the tool tip while showing some structural differences at the gripping end. Therefore, it is advantageous for an expensive tool to be replaced by a virtual tool together with a simple tool. With the virtual tool, the surgeon should be able to perceive the feeling of the actual tool together with the reaction force coming from the body tissue; this may also reduce the time taken for a tool change during the surgery.MethodsIn this study, above ideas were implemented in a bilaterally controlled forceps robot and experiments were carried out to test the applicability of the concept. Bilateral control is used as the method of tactile feedback. Disturbance observer is used for robust control. Reaction force observer is used in place of a force sensor. Virtual model is used in place of the special tool properties.ResultsA virtual spring acting at the end of the forceps, was implemented to a bilateral control system, so that the operator at the master side could perceive the feeling of the spring together with reaction forces from the surgical environment. Operator could feel the vivid sensation of the environment through the master manipulator.ConclusionsThe virtual model adds a load to the system. The master and slave responses are slightly different, but the result is good enough for the application. This novel approach could be used in many master–slave applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of invention commercialization: an empirical examination of academically sourced inventions
Authors: Nerkar Atul , Shane Scott 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe examine the attributes of technological inventions that influence their commercialization. Using a unique dataset of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)‐licensed patents, we show that the likelihood of invention commercialization, which we measure by the achievement of first sale, is positively associated with two characteristics of licensed technological inventions—scope and pioneering nature—and has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the age of the invention. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic findings of a large vulvar lipoma
Authors: Sherer D. M. , Gorelick C. , Wagreich A. , Lee Y.‐C. , Serur E. , Zigalo A. , Abulafia O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLipomas of the vulva are rare benign tumors that consist of mature fat cells often interspersed with strands of fibrous connective tissue. They arise from the vulvar fatty pads and present as soft, multilobulated subcutaneous neoplasms. Histological examination reveals a thin capsule surrounding a lobular proliferation of lipocytes. Liposarcomas of the vulva have been described rarely. We present the sonographic findings of a large lipoma of the vulva, and demonstrate the contribution of topical application of a high‐frequency transvaginal transducer in depicting lobular structural features, characteristic of this soft tissue tumor. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of oil from acid delintered cottonseed
Authors: Clark S. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOils were extracted experimentally by direct solvent and prepress solvent processes from saw delintered cottonseed as well as from some of the same seed delintered with dilute sulfuric acid. Oils were refined, bleached and deodorized. Deodorized oils were stored in an air oven at 60 C for 30–35 days. Approximately twice a week, stored samples were analyzed for peroxide value. No significant differences in rate of increase of peroxide value were found among the oils.
Hydrogenation of oils and fats
Authors: Puri Pushpinder S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHydrogenation is a complex 3‐phase reaction, and the end result depends largely on transport and chemical resistances. Control of these factors is of critical importance to a predictable end product and this control is possible if a fundamental understanding of the process is achieved. The basic transport steps involved to bring the hydrogen and oil together in the presence of catalyst and the effect of different process variables on the course of the chemical reaction will be the major subjects of discussion in this presentation.
1112 Consecutive Bilateral Neck Explorations for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Allendorf John , DiGorgi Mary , Spanknebel Kathryn , Inabnet William , Chabot John , LoGerfo Paul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundBilateral neck exploration has been the standard approach for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Improved localization studies and the availability of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring have challenged the necessity of four‐gland exploration. In this series we report a single surgeon’s experience with bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism in an effort to establish benchmark outcomes from which to evaluate minimally invasive protocols.MethodsThe charts of 1112 consecutive patients who underwent neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism by a single surgeon over a 17‐year period were reviewed. All patients underwent bilateral neck exploration under either general (n = 264) or local (n = 848) anesthesia.ResultsThe overall cure rate was 97.4% with a complication rate of 3.4%. Morbidity included recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (0.2%), postoperative bleeding (0.8%), and transient hypocalcemia (1.8%). There was no mortality. Overall mean operating time was 52.5 ± 30.2 minutes. A single gland was removed in 78.4% of patients, and 22.3% of patients underwent concomitant thyroidectomy. The cure rate was lower for patients undergoing reexploration (89.2% vs. 97.9%, p < 0.05). Choice of anesthetic approach did not affect the cure or complication rate. The overall conversion rate from local to general anesthesia was 1.5%. Patients undergoing general anesthesia were operated on earlier in the series and were less likely to be managed on an ambulatory basis (local 87.5% vs. general 38.4%, p < 0.05). During the last 5 years of the series, more than 90% of patients underwent exploration under local anesthesia.ConclusionThis large modern series of neck explorations for primary hyperparathyroidism confirms the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the bilateral approach. It further demonstrates that individual surgeons can achieve outcomes equivalent to those with four‐gland explorations under local anesthesia.
Lateral skull base surgery: a complicated pursuit?
Authors: Cousins V C 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe management of lesions of the lateral skull base is a highly sophisticated branch of surgery generally performed by otolaryngology–head and neck surgeons as part of a multi-disciplinary team. Assessment of patients with diseases affecting the lateral skull base can be complex, as can the application of the various treatment modalities and the management of the expected and unexpected side effects of that treatment.A wide range of pathological conditions occur in the lateral skull base. Many operations and procedures have been described for dealing with them. There is not necessarily one correct solution to the management of any particular problem in the skull base, with multiple factors to be considered in planning and intervention.As surgeons, we need to know how our own results and outcomes compare with pooled, published data concerning the implications and complications occurring as a result of intervention, in order to better advise our patients on their management.
Care management and care provision for older relatives amongst employed informal care-givers
Authors: ROSENTHAL CAROLYN J. , MARTIN-MATTHEWS ANNE , KEEFE JANICE M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines care management, or ‘managerial care’, a type of informal care for older adults that has been relatively neglected by researchers. While previous research has acknowledged that care-giving may involve tasks other than direct ‘hands-on’ care, the conceptualisation of managerial care has often been vague and inconsistent. This study is the first explicitly to investigate managerial care amongst a large sample of carers. In our conceptualisation, care management includes care-related discussions with other family members or the care recipient about the arrangements for formal services and financial matters, doing relevant paperwork, and seeking information. The study examines the prevalence of this type of care, the circumstances under which it occurs, its variations by care-giver characteristics, and its impact on the carers. We drew from the Canadian CARNET ‘Work and Family Survey’ a sub-sample of 1,847 full-time employed individuals who were assisting older relatives. The analysis shows that managerial care is common, distinct from other types of care, a meaningful construct, and that most care-givers provide both managerial and direct care. Care management includes both the orchestration of care and financial and bureaucratic management. Providing managerial care generates stress amongst women and interferes with work amongst men, and the aspect that generates the greatest personal and job costs amongst both men and women is the orchestration of care.
Human Rights in African Political Institutions: Between Rhetoric, Practice, and the Struggle for International Visibility
Authors: NDAHINDA FELIX MUKWIZA 
Published: August 2007

Rachel Murray, Human Rights in Africa: From the OAU to the African Union, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN-13: 9780521839174, ISBN-10: 0521839173, 349 pp., £50.00 (hb).M. Mubiala, Le Système régional Africain de Protection des Droits de l'Homme, Brussels, Bruylant, 2005, ISBN 280272021X, 299 pp., €65.00.
Phytoplankton carbon fixation gene (RuBisCO) transcripts and air-sea CO2 flux in the Mississippi River plume
Authors: John David E , Wang Zhaohui A , Liu Xuewu , Byrne Robert H , Corredor Jorge E , López José M , Cabrera Alvaro , Bronk Deborah A , Tabita F Robert , Paul John H 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
River plumes deliver large quantities of nutrients to oligotrophic oceans, often resulting in significant CO2 drawdown. To determine the relationship between expression of the major gene in carbon fixation (large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, RuBisCO) and CO2 dynamics, we evaluated rbcL mRNA abundance using novel quantitative PCR assays, phytoplankton cell analyses, photophysiological parameters, and pCO2 in and around the Mississippi River plume (MRP) in the Gulf of Mexico. Lower salinity (30–32) stations were dominated by rbcL mRNA concentrations from heterokonts, such as diatoms and pelagophytes, which were at least an order of magnitude greater than haptophytes, α-Synechococcus or high-light Prochlorococcus. However, rbcL transcript abundances were similar among these groups at oligotrophic stations (salinity 34–36). Diatom cell counts and heterokont rbcL RNA showed a strong negative correlation to seawater pCO2. While Prochlorococcus cells did not exhibit a large difference between low and high pCO2 water, Prochlorococcus rbcL RNA concentrations had a strong positive correlation to pCO2, suggesting a very low level of RuBisCO RNA transcription among Prochlorococcus in the plume waters, possibly due to their relatively poor carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). These results provide molecular evidence that diatom/pelagophyte productivity is largely responsible for the large CO2 drawdown occurring in the MRP, based on the co-occurrence of elevated RuBisCO gene transcript concentrations from this group and reduced seawater pCO2 levels. This may partly be due to efficient CCMs that enable heterokont eukaryotes such as diatoms to continue fixing CO2 in the face of strong CO2 drawdown. Our work represents the first attempt to relate in situ microbial gene expression to contemporaneous CO2 flux measurements in the ocean.
Novel protein antigen (JHP940) from the genomic plasticity region of Helicobacter pylori induces TNF-alpha and Interleukin- 8 secretion by human macrophages
Authors: Ahmed Niyaz , Alvi Ayesha , Rizwan Mohammed 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPlasticity region of the H. pylori genome comprises strain specific gene loci. We performed genotyping and functional biology of one such locus (jhp940) that was previously found to be functionally unknown but present in gastric cancer associated strains from many different countries. We found its geographic prevalence to be independent of cagA presence and disease status. Cloning, expression and purification of the JHP940 revealed a novel, ~36kDa protein in biologically active form. The same induced strong and significant levels of TNF-alpha and Interleukin-8 in human macrophages. Induction of these cytokines by JHP940 points to its putative role in chronic gastric inflammation and various other outcomes of H. pylori infection including gastric cancer.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with and without communicating hydrocephalus
Authors: Našel C. , Gentzsch S. , Heimberger K. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Recent concepts about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in communicating hydrocephalus (CoHy), which is also termed “restricted arterial pulsation hydrocephalus,” suggest reduced arterial pulsations of subarachnoid vessels with a smaller amount of CSF shifted in subarachnoid spaces during the early systole. The postulated restriction of subarachnoid arterial pulsations in CoHy should induce a smaller motion artifact and reduced local stream effects in CSF in magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Purpose: To investigate the maximum diffusivity in CSF in patients with and without CoHy using DWI. Material and Methods: 12 patients without CSF circulation disturbances and six cases with proven CoHy were assessed. Diffusion was measured in six noncollinear directions without triggering the arterial pulse wave (scan time 6:45 min, voxel size 2×2×2 mm). Due to expected artifacts, the calculated maximum diffusivity was called apparent diffusivity. Regional high and low apparent diffusivity was assessed in CSF spaces on newly created 3D CSF motion maps. Results: Patients with regular CSF circulation exhibited high apparent diffusivity in CSF in basal subarachnoid spaces, whereas apparent diffusivity was low there in patients with CoHy. Conclusion: DWI opens a feasible approach to study CSF motion in the neurocranium. Restricted arterial pulsations seem to be involved in CoHy.
Screening for carotid injury in trauma patients: image quality of 16-detector-row computed tomography angiography
Authors: Borisch I. , Boehme T. , Butz B. , Hamer O. W. , Feuerbach S. , Zorger N. 
Published: August 2007

Background: The introduction of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has revolutionized the initial management of multiply injured patients. This technology has the potential to improve the imaging of traumatic vascular injuries. Purpose: To evaluate the quality of multidetector-row computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) of the carotid arteries in the setting of a routine whole-body trauma scan. Material and Methods: 87 trauma patients underwent a routine whole-body CT scan in a 16-detector-row scanner including an MDCTA with a reconstructed axial slice thickness of 3 mm. Images were reviewed by three experienced radiologists with emphasis on image quality. Contrast density, severity, and origin of artifacts and the occurrence of vessel lesions were assessed for different vessel segments. Results: 3642 separate vessel segments were evaluated. Contrast density was rated good or sufficient for diagnosis in 99.8%. A total of 67.3% of vessel segments were free of artifacts, while 27.9% of vessel segments showed minor artifacts not impairing diagnostic evaluation. Clinically relevant artifacts obscuring a vessel segment occurred in 4.7% and were mostly caused by dental hardware. Four dissections of the internal carotid artery were diagnosed by all three radiologists. Conclusion: As a rapid screening test for blunt carotid artery injury, integration of MDCTA in the routine imaging workup of trauma patients utilizing a whole-body CT trauma scan is possible and practicable. Image quality is mostly sufficient for diagnosis, but impaired in a few cases by artifacts deriving primarily from dental hardware.
On‐line processing of wh‐questions in children with G‐SLI and typically developing children
Authors: Marinis Theodoros , van der Lely Heather K. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground: The computational grammatical complexity (CGC) hypothesis claims that children with G(rammatical)‐specific language impairment (SLI) have a domain‐specific deficit in the computational system affecting syntactic dependencies involving ‘movement’. One type of such syntactic dependencies is filler‐gap dependencies. In contrast, the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis claims that SLI children have a domain‐general deficit affecting processing speed and capacity.Aims: To test contrasting accounts of SLI we investigate processing of syntactic (filler‐gap) dependencies in wh‐questions.Methods & Procedures: Fourteen 10;2–17;2 G‐SLI children, 14 age‐matched and 17 vocabulary‐matched controls were studied using the cross‐modal picture‐priming paradigm.Outcomes & Results: G‐SLI children's processing speed was significantly slower than the age controls, but not younger vocabulary controls. The G‐SLI children and vocabulary controls did not differ on memory span. However, the typically developing and G‐SLI children showed a qualitatively different processing pattern. The age and vocabulary controls showed priming at the gap, indicating that they process wh‐questions through syntactic filler‐gap dependencies. In contrast, G‐SLI children showed priming only at the verb.Conclusions: The findings indicate that G‐SLI children fail to establish reliably a syntactic filler‐gap dependency and instead interpret wh‐questions via lexical–thematic information. These data challenge the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis account, but support the CGC hypothesis, according to which G‐SLI children have a particular deficit in the computational system affecting syntactic dependencies involving ‘movement’. As effective remediation often depends on aetiological insight, the discovery of the nature of the syntactic deficit, along side a possible compensatory use of semantics to facilitate sentence processing, can be used to direct therapy. However, the therapeutic strategy to be used, and whether such similar strengths and weaknesses within the language system are found in other SLI subgroups are empirical issues that warrant further research.
MeTaDoR: a comprehensive resource for membrane targeting domains and their host proteins
Authors: Bhardwaj Nitin , Stahelin Robert V. , Zhao Guijun , Cho Wonhwa , Lu Hui 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMotivation: Protein-lipid interactions play a central role in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking and at the core of these interactions are domains specialized in lipid binding and membrane targeting. Considering the importance of these domains, we have created MeTaDoR, a comprehensive resource dedicated to membrane targeting domains (MTDs).Result: MeTaDoR begins with a brief introduction about all the important MTDs including their subcellular localization and structural features. Sequences of all known MTDs are then provided in two formats: standard Prosite format and a parsed tab-delimited format that provides a manually curated classification into binding or non-binding. Structures of all MTDs and host proteins known so far are provided with links to PDB and Pfam databases. Membrane-binding orientation of these proteins, whether experimentally determined or proposed, is also provided with links to the appropriate literature. To facilitate molecular dynamics studies of these proteins, the force-field parameters for many non-standard lipids that commonly interact with these proteins are also provided. Finally, an online server for predicting membrane-binding proteins and a search function with various search fields are included. The resource is publicly available and will be updated on a regular basis.Availability: http://proteomics.bioengr.uic.edu/metadorContact: huilu@uic.edu
Metal reduction kinetics inShewanella
Authors: Lall Raman , Mitchell Julie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMotivation: Metal reduction kinetics have been studied in cultures of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria which include the Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Estimation of system parameters from time-series data faces obstructions in the implementation depending on the choice of the mathematical model that captures the observed dynamics. The modeling of metal reduction is often based on Michaelis–Menten equations. These models are often developed using initial in vitro reaction rates and seldom match with in vivo reduction profiles.Results: For metal reduction studies, we propose a model that is based on the power law representation that is effectively applied to the kinetics of metal reduction. The method yields reasonable parameter estimates and is illustrated with the analysis of time-series data that describes the dynamics of metal reduction in S.oneidensis strain MR-1. In addition, mixed metal studies involving the reduction of Uranyl (U(VI)) to the relatively insoluble tetravalent form (U(IV)) by S.alga strain (BR-Y) were studied in the presence of environmentally relevant iron hydrous oxides. For mixed metals, parameter estimation and curve fitting are accomplished with a generalized least squares formulation that handles systems of ordinary differential equations and is implemented in Matlab. It consists of an optimization algorithm (Levenberg–Marquardt, LSQCURVEFIT) and a numerical ODE solver. Simulation with the estimated parameters indicates that the model captures the experimental data quite well. The model uses the estimated parameters to predict the reduction rates of metals and mixed metals at varying concentrations.Contact: rl8q@cms.mail.virginia.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tools for visually exploring biological networks
Authors: Suderman Matthew , Hallett Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMany tools exist for visually exploring biological networks including well-known examples such as Cytoscape, VisANT, Pathway Studio and Patika. These systems play a key role in the development of integrative biology, systems biology and integrative bioinformatics. The trend in the development of these tools is to go beyond ‘static’ representations of cellular state, towards a more dynamic model of cellular processes through the incorporation of gene expression data, subcellular localization information and time-dependent behavior. We provide a comprehensive review of the relative advantages and disadvantages of existing systems with two goals in mind: to aid researchers in efficiently identifying the appropriate existing tools for data visualization; to describe the necessary and realistic goals for the next generation of visualization tools. In view of the first goal, we provide in the Supplementary Material a systematic comparison of more than 35 existing tools in terms of over 25 different features.Contact: msuder@mcb.mcgill.caSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.