bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation study of hexanitrostilbene by ion trap multiple mass spectrometry and analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Fu Xiaofang , Zhang Yong , Shi Shenhua , Gao Fei , Wen Dawei , Li Wei , Liao Yiping , Liu Huwei 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe fragmentation pathways of three explosive compounds with similar structures, hexanitrostilbene (HNS), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), have been investigated by multiple mass spectrometry (MSn, n = 1, 2, 3) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources. The electron capture mechanism for these compounds in negative ion APCI and ESI mode differs from the usual negative ion mechanism, deprotonation or addition of other species. This was shown for HNS and TNT, which both gave a [M]− anion but not a [M–H]− ion in APCI, and the [M]− anion of HNS was observed in ESI. The quantitative analysis of HNS was performed by liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI‐MS, and the results obtained by the internal standard (ISTD) method were compared with those from the external standard (ESTD) method, demonstrating that both quantitation approaches are useful, with good sensitivity, reproducibility and linearity, and ESTD is preferable in routine applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eye‐rollers, risk‐takers, and turn sharks: Target students in a professional science education program
Authors: Martin Sonya N. , Milne Catherine , Scantlebury Kathryn 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn classrooms from kindergarten to graduate school, researchers have identified target students as students who monopolize material and human resources. Classroom structures that privilege the voice and actions of target students can cause divisive social dynamics that may generate cliques. This study focuses on the emergence of target students, the formation of cliques, and professors' efforts to mediate teacher learning in a Master of Science in Chemistry Education (MSCE) program by structuring the classroom environment to enhance nontarget students' agency. Specifically, we sought to answer the following question: What strategies could help college science professors enact more equitable teaching structures in their classrooms so that target students and cliques become less of an issue in classroom interactions? The implications for professional education programs in science and mathematics include the need for professors to consider the role and contribution of target students to the learning environment, the need to structure an equitable learning environment, and the need to foster critical reflection upon classroom interactions between students and instructors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 819–851, 2006
Parental Participation in Pediatric Surgical Care
Authors: Kristensson‐Hallström Inger 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTHospitalization and surgery are stressful experiences for children and their parents. In recent years, pediatric health care has shifted toward family‐centered care that is based on close and continuous involvement of the child's family members. To shape and improve how pediatric care is delivered, health care providers need to know what children and parents need, expect, and experience. Such knowledge would enable the development of appropriate, systematic, and effective routines to optimize care for all children. Parental participation is beneficial to children, parents, and health care facilities, but it is dependent on the existence of effective routines to facilitate adequate communication among all parties. AORN J71 (May 2000) 1021–1029.
Maximizing Nurses' Advocacy Role to Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Allen George 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurses are eminently situated, academically prepared, and professionally qualified to positively affect patient outcomes. Increasing efficiency and justifying the need for an RN in the perioperative milieu revolve around nurses' role as patient advocates. Perioperative nurses can take many measures to maximize this role, including reducing surgical site infections by enabling the timely administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis and by ensuring that surgical staff members realize the documented risks of removing hair from the surgical site. AORN J 71 (May 2000) 1038–1050.
Nurses' Contributions to the US Space Program
Authors: Czerwinski Barbara S. , Plush Linda H. , Bailes Barbara K. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTNurses have been engaged in aspects of aviation and space endeavors from their beginnings. Although no nurse has been chosen as a potential astronaut, nurses have contributed to the space program in many ways. Nurses and other health care providers use technology adapted from the space program. The future of extended space flight remains unclear, although work continues on completing a space station for extended stays on the moon and trips to Mars. Nurses may be one of the health care team members on these excursions. AORN J 71 (May 2000) 1051–1057.
Management of Sports‐Related Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Clasby Laura , Young Mary Ann 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTInjuries from recreational and competitive sports activities have increased significantly during the past two decades. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured knee ligament in athletes. As the ACL is the knee's primary intra‐articular stabilizer, injuries to this ligament can seriously alter athletes' physical activity levels or end their sports careers. The medical and surgical treatment options for a sports‐related ACL injury depend upon the age of the patient, the type and degree of the ACL injury, and the anticipated future activity level of the athlete. This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the knee joint, the different types and degrees of ACL injuries, diagnostic measures for ACL injuries, and treatment options, which include arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction procedures with autologous patellar tendon grafts. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing interventions, rehabilitation regimens, and sports injury prevention measures are discussed. AORN J 66 (Oct 1997) 609–630.
Guided Imagery as a Coping Strategy for Perioperative Patients
Authors: Tusek Diane , Church James M. , Fazio Victor W. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPatients who undergo surgery usually experience fear and apprehension about their surgical procedures. Guided imagery is a simple, low‐cost therapeutic tool that can help counteract surgical patients' fear and anxiety. The authors randomly assigned 130 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgical procedures into two groups. Members of one group received routine perioperative care. Members of the other group listened to guided imagery tapes for three days before their surgical procedures, during anesthesia induction, intraoperatively, in the postanesthesia care unit, and for six days after surgery. The authors measured patients' anxiety levels, pain perceptions, and narcotic medication requirements. The patients in the guided imagery group experienced considerably less preoperative and postoperative anxiety and pain, and they required almost 50% less narcotic medications after their surgical procedures than patients in the control group. AORN J 66 (Oct 1997) 644–649.
Competency Validation for Cross‐training in Surgical Services
Authors: Masson Laura , Fain James A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCross‐training is a cost‐effective means of maximizing the potential of staff members and available resources. The responsibility to provide quality patient care should not be compromised by cross‐training efforts. Surgical services department staff members at Deaconess‐Nashoba Hospital, Ayer, Mass, developed a competency validation project for nurses involved in the cross‐training program. They accomplished this by implementing current nursing standards and practices and promoting continuity of patient care through the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. Perioperative nurses and health care facilities have the responsibility to provide safe, effective, and efficient care to all patients. By assessing competencles for perioperative nurses, staff members can enhance their commitment to caring for their profession and their communities. AORN J 66 (Oct 1997) 651–659.
Stereotactic Pallidotomy for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Eller Theodore W. , Dan Dorothy A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThere has been a resurgence of interest in surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease in the past five years due to the large number of patients who have medically intractable symptoms and because significant improvements in neuroimaging and stereotactic techniques have made surgical procedures safer and more accurate. Stereotactic pallidotomy procedures allow neurosurgeons to destroy a portion of the globus pallidus, and thereby, decrease patients' muscle rigidity from Parkinson's disease. These surgical procedures primarily involve magnetic resonance‐guided stereotactic targeting and microelectrode recording techniques. To ensure successful patient outcomes, stereotactic pallidotomy procedures require special perioperative nursing interventions discussed in this article. AORN J 65 (May 1997) 903–916.
The Nurse's Role in Bioethics
Authors: Beerman Christine M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTHospital ethics committees consist of representatives from multiple disciplines who discuss potential issues and real‐life ethical dilemmas that confront patients, their family members, and the health care professionals involved in patient care. Bioethical issues may provoke strong emotional responses from ethics committee members. Recognizing the difficulty of resolving issues that address moral beliefs is imperative. Nurses are in key positions to help health care professionals navigate these troublesome ethical waters. AORN J 65 (May 1997) 923–926.
Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: Dunn Debra 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a medical emergency that all perioperative nurses should be prepared to handle. Patients with the inherited MH trait have a rare skeletal muscle disease that causes them to develop life‐threatening hyperthermia (ie, body temperatures of 43.3° C [110.0° F] or higher) at the time MH‐triggering agents are administered to induce general anesthesia or shortly thereafter. The incidence of MH episodes is reported to be 1 in every 12,000 pediatric anesthetic procedures and 1 in every 40,000 adult anesthetic procedures. The MH syndrome also is characterized by continuous skeletal muscle rigidity, hypermetabolism, hypercapnia, tachypnea, and tachycardia that result in cardiac arrest and death if left untreated. Perioperative staff members' knowledge of MH, the care of MH‐susceptible patients, and adequate preparation for MH crises are the cornerstones of successful patient outcomes to this life‐threatening syndrome. AORN J 65 (April 1997) 728–754.
Determining the Information Needs of Women After Breast Biopsy Procedures
Authors: Deane Karen A. , Degner Lesley F. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTA focus group research study was conducted at a Canadian community hospital breast clinic to determine information needs of women who had experienced surgical breast biopsy procedures with benign results. Nine breast clinic patients who had benign breast biopsy results provided the researcher with findings related to this experience. The patients determined what they believed were the nine most important information needs during the diagnostic phase of a breast lump evaluation. These information needs emerged from the types of benign breast disease, the meaning of risk associated with benign breast disease developing into breast cancer, and the tests required to diagnose and treat benign breast disease. Perioperative nurses can use this information to plan and assess the care provided to women undergoing breast biopsy procedures. AORN J 65 (April 1997) 767–776.
Building Perioperative Nursing Research Teams—Part II
Authors: Csokasy Judith A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurse managers can use the experiential learning model developed by David A. Kolb, PhD, to develop a team approach to nursing research and to implement research‐based perioperative nursing practice. In this second article of a two‐part series, the author describes the benefits of and barriers to developing nursing research teams and provides an overview of print and electronic resources that perioperative nurse managers can use to facilitate nursing research team members' learning. AORN J 65 (April 1997) 787–790.
Implementation of the RN First Assistant Role
Authors: Poe Donna , Bubb Denise Marie , Freeman Laura K. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe RN first assistant (RNFA) program at Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters in Norfolk, Va, began as a dream in which RNs could expand their role within a cost‐effective, hospital‐based implementation of the RNFA role. Our dream included a career development path for perioperative nurses who had few other career options within the surgical arena. This article describes how the dream came true. AORN J 65 (Jan 1997) 32–41.
Management of Retrohepatic Venous Injuries with Atrial Caval Shunts
Authors: Weber S. , Murphy M.M. , Pitzer M.E. , Davis K. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTRetrohepatic inferior vena caval injuries resulting from blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma are rare but devastating events that remain formidable challenges to even the most experienced Level I trauma center team members. Prepackaged atrial caval shunts have improved emergency medical treatments, and prior planning and coordination by perioperative nurses allow for rapid response by surgical team members. These efforts provide an optimal level of care required to increase patient survival. This article provides a general overview of abdominal trauma and retrohepatic inferior vena caval injuries and a proactive plan to meet the needs of patients with these injuries.
Perioperative Nursing Care of Patients with Craniofacial Injuries
Authors: Hayes Ketra Marie , Combs Nancy L. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCraniofacial injuries are the result of deceleration, blunt, or penetrating trauma. Depending on the mechanism of injury, craniofacial fractures can be minor and go undetected, or they can produce devastating facial deformities. With the advent of intermaxillary fixation devices, surgeons can manipulate facial bone structures and repair soft tissue damage in the majority of patients with craniofacial trauma injuries. Most patients experience optimal results from their craniofacial surgical procedures and return to normal lives after surgery.
Treatment of Conductive Hearing Loss with Ossicular Chain Reconstruction Procedures
Authors: Waddington Carolyn , McKennis Ann T. , Goodlett Ann 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMiddle ear infections and ossicular disorders can cause conductive hearing loss. Ossicular disorders include fibrous unions in which scar tissue replaces the long process of the incus; disarticulations caused by previous surgical procedures or chole‐steatomas; fixation from otosclerosis, cholesteatomas, or congenital malformations; and dislocations caused by trauma. Surgical reconstruction procedures, with the insertion of partial or total ossicular replacement prostheses, help restore conductive hearing. Patients who undergo these delicate procedures have significant hearing deficits and require sensitive, skilled perioperative nursing care. AORN J 65 (March 1997) 511–525.
Tongue Reconstruction Procedures for Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Truelson John M. , Pearce Angela N. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCancer of the tongue is the second most common oral cavity malignancy seen in the general population. When otolaryngologists decide to treat patients surgically, perioperative nurses must institute special nursing interventions directed toward patients' tongue reconstruction procedures and rehabilitation. Surgical management of patients undergoing tongue reconstruction procedures requires extensive knowledge of the tongue's anatomy and both current and new physiology created by surgical reconstructive procedures. Equally important is the multidisciplinary care provided to patients during rehabilitation. AORN J 65 (March 1997) 528–551.
A Guide to Salivary Gland Disorders
Authors: McEwen Donna R. , Sanchez Maria M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThis article discusses salivary gland disorders and provides nurses with a broad base of knowledge for use in planning and implementing perioperative patient care. Salivary gland disorders may be caused by nonneoplastic conditions or neoplasms. Nonneoplastic conditions generally are related to inflammatory processes or are secondary to existing disease processes. Neoplasms manifest themselves as benign or malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Patients with nonneoplastic conditions may undergo surgical procedures for health problems unrelated to their salivary gland disorders; however, patients with salivary gland neoplasms usually undergo surgical excisions of their tumors and affected glands. Patients in both categories require skilled perioperative nursing care. AORN J 65 (March 1997) 554–567.
Preoperative Management of Patients With Major Trauma Injuries
Authors: Clevenger Frederick W. , Tepas Joseph J. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTraumatic injuries require rapid, efficient, and precise diagnoses and immediate treatment. Patients with major trauma injuries place special demands on emergency department, OR, and intensive care unit health care providers. Cost‐effective and time‐efficient management of these patients results in improved patient care and optimal outcomes in this era of shrinking health care dollars. Perioperative nurses need to be aware of the many evolving changes in the preoperative management of patients with major trauma injuries to provide quality care to these patients. AORN J 65 (March 1997) 583–594.
Surgical Management of Patients with Severe Head Injuries
Authors: Pieper Daniel R. , Valadka Alex B. , Marsh Cheryi 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMinutes can make the difference between life and death when patients with severe head injuries require surgery. Subdural, epidural, and intracerebral hematomas and cerebral contusions and gunshot wounds are the pathologic entities encountered most frequently during emergency surgery in patients with severe head injuries. Neurosurgical team members frequently use hyperventilation, mannitol and barbiturates, and sophisticated monitoring modalities to manage patients with severe head injuries during and after surgery. Although monitoring a patient's intracranial pressure (ICP) through a ventriculostomy catheter remains the most widely used gauge of cerebral metabolism, neurosurgical teams also are using fiber‐optic ICP monitoring catheters, cerebral blood flow measurement probes, microdialysls catheters, jugular venous oxygen saturation catheters, and brain oxygen content measurement electrodes. Coordinated teamwork by perioperative nurses, neurosurgeons, anesthesia care providers, and emergency department staff members helps ensure the best possible outcomes for patients who require surgery for management of severe head injuries. AORN J 63 (May 1996) 854–867.
Surgical Treatment of Patients with Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Brown Chris , Henderson Shirley , Moore Shirley 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTOpen tibial fractures are true surgical emergencies because of the risk of extensive infection to bone and devitalized soft tissue. The most serious consequence of open tibial fractures is osteomyelitisf‐which usually can be prevented by prompt surgical intervention within six to eight hours after injuries occur. Open tibial fractures often are the result of trauma from motor vehicle collisions, farm accidents, falls from heights, or gunshot wounds. Initial management of patients with multiple trauma injuries focuses on their life‐threatening injuries before or during orthopedic surgical intervention for open tibial fractures. Orthopedic surgeons often work in collaboration with general, vascular, and plastic surgeons and perform multiple surgical procedures (eg, fasciotomy procedures for compartment syndromes, irrigation and debridement of wounds, application of external fixation devices, placement of intramedullary nails, possible limb amputations). The type and extent of open tibial fractures and soft tissue injuries determine the best treatment options for patients. Preoperative nurses should help patients focus on treatment choices for their open tibial fractures that ensure optimal surgical outcomes and maintain their quality of life. AORN J 63 (May 1996) 875–896.
In Search of Perioperative Nursing Data Elements
Authors: Kleinbeck Susan V.M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTA 14‐member task force appointed by the AORN Board of Directors began the process of identifying perioperative nursing data elements in November 1993. During the ensuing two years, the task force members identified perioperative nursing intervention data elements, linked these data elements to specific patient outcomes, and asked 232 AORN members to validate the list of intervention data elements. This article explains the value of data elements to perioperative nurses, describes the consensus process used by the task force, and presents the Perioperative Nursing Data Elements: Interventions, Version 1.0. AORN J 63 (May 1996) 926–931.
Hyperthermic Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Safety Considerations
Authors: White Susan K. , Stephens Arvil D. , Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPerioperative staff members encounter many occupational exposure hazards in the workplace. Cytotoxic agent exposure is a relatively new hazard that perioperative staff members are experiencing as more surgeons use hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC) to treat patients with abdominopelvic cavity malignancies. Routes of exposure include inhalation, ingestion, injection, and skin contact. The National Cancer Institute, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations provide guidelines for the safe administration and handling of cytotoxic agents. Institutions in which cytotoxic agents are administered should use these guidelines to develop policies, procedures, and educational programs to protect surgical patients and perioperative staff members. AORN J 63 (April 1996) 716–724.
AORN Sales Professional Course
Authors: Moss Rose , Thompson Julie 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe sales professional course “Introduction to the Operating Room” offered by the AORN Center for Nursing Practice, Health Policy, and Research is an introductory program in OR etiquette. Its purpose is to provide sales professionals a working knowledge of OR protocol for them to function appropriately in OR settings. Sales professionals who have completed this course establish mutually beneficial perioperative partnerships with OR personnel. Sales professionals' effectiveness is strengthened as a result of their newly acquired knowledge of OR protocol, and patient safety is protected. An AORN Certificate of Recognition is awarded on completion of the course. AORN J 63 (April 1996) 745–749.