bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donanemab outperformed Aducanumab and Lecanemab on cognitive, but not on biomarker and safety outcomes: systematic review, frequentist and Bayesian network meta-analyses
Authors: Jeremic Danko , Navarro-López Juan D. , Jiménez-Díaz Lydia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONQuestions remain regarding safety and clinical relevance of anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with no scientific basis for choosing between different therapies.METHODSSystematic review, frequentist and Bayesian network meta-analyses of phase III randomized placebo-controlled trials were performed to comparatively evaluate cognitive, functional and biomarker efficacy and safety of anti-amyloid antibodies in sporadic AD. Treatments were ranked with P- and SUCRA scores, with rank robustness measured by Cohen’skappa, and uncertainty in ranking probabilities estimated with Shannon’s normalized entropy.RESULTSBased on data from 16,971 patients (16 studies), we found Donanemab the best-ranked antibody on cognitive measures. Lecanemab was the most effective at reducing amyloid burden. Caution is needed concerning brain edema and microbleeding, with clinically important risks for Donanemab, Aducanumab and Lecanemab.DISCUSSIONRisk/benefit profile of anti-amyloid antibodies remains unfavorable. Patients in Donanemab study were stratified bytauload, with greater effects observed in low/mediumtaupopulation.HighlightsNo single therapy ranked the best among all outcomes.Donanemab was the most effective antibody at reducing cognitive decline across all primary outcomes, while Lecanemab ranked the highest on amyloid PET removal.Consistently greater cognitive, functional and biomarker effects of Donanemab were observed in patients with low/mediumtauload, suggesting more promising effects in earlier AD stages.All antibodies, except Solanezumab, were significantly less tolerable than Placebo.The risk of cerebral edema and microbleeding may outweigh the benefits, independently of APOE status.
Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic resistant bacteria for public health action: Potential and Challenges
Authors: Foxman Betsy , Salzman Elizabeth , Gesierich Chelsie , Gardner Sarah , Ammerman Michelle , Eisenberg Marisa , Wigginton Krista 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat. Actions to reduce this threat include requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use, antibiotic stewardship programs, educational programs targeting patients and healthcare providers, and limiting antibiotic use in agriculture, aquaculture, and animal husbandry. Wastewater surveillance might complement clinical surveillance by tracking time/space variation essential for detecting outbreaks and evaluating efficacy of evidence-based interventions; identifying high-risk populations for targeted monitoring; providing early warning of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and identifying novel antibiotic resistant threats. Wastewater surveillance was an effective early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 spread and detection of the emergence of new viral strains. In this data-driven commentary we explore whether monitoring wastewater for antibiotic resistant genes and/or bacteria resistant to antibiotics might provide useful information for public health action. Using carbapenem resistance as an example, we highlight technical challenges associated with using wastewater to quantify temporal/spatial trends in antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and compare with clinical information. While ARGs and ARBs are detectable in wastewater enabling early detection of novel ARGs, quantitation of ARBs and ARGs with current methods is too variable to reliably track space/time variation.
CONSORT-TM: Text classification models for assessing the completeness of randomized controlled trial publications
Authors: Jiang Lan , Lan Mengfei , Menke Joe D. , Vorland Colby J , Kilicoglu Halil 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop text classification models for determining whether the checklist items in the CONSORT reporting guidelines are reported in randomized controlled trial publications.Materials and MethodsUsing a corpus annotated at the sentence level with 37 fine-grained CONSORT items, we trained several sentence classification models (PubMedBERT fine-tuning, BioGPT fine-tuning, and in-context learning with GPT-4) and compared their performance. To address the problem of small training dataset, we used several data augmentation methods (EDA, UMLS-EDA, text generation and rephrasing with GPT-4) and assessed their impact on the fine-tuned PubMedBERT model. We also fine-tuned PubMedBERT models limited to checklist items associated with specific sections (e.g., Methods) to evaluate whether such models could improve performance compared to the single full model. We performed 5-fold cross-validation and report precision, recall, F1 score, and area under curve (AUC).ResultsFine-tuned PubMedBERT model that takes as input the sentence and the surrounding sentence representations and uses section headers yielded the best overall performance (0.71 micro-F1, 0.64 macro-F1). Data augmentation had limited positive effect, UMLS-EDA yielding slightly better results than data augmentation using GPT-4. BioGPT fine-tuning and GPT-4 in-context learning exhibited suboptimal results. Methods-specific model yielded higher performance for methodology items, other section-specific models did not have significant impact.ConclusionMost CONSORT checklist items can be recognized reasonably well with the fine-tuned PubMedBERT model but there is room for improvement. Improved models can underpin the journal editorial workflows and CONSORT adherence checks and can help authors in improving the reporting quality and completeness of their manuscripts.
Maternal health in rural Pakistan: An analysis of knowledge and practices of antenatal care using the socio-ecological model
Authors: Agha Nadia , Rind Rahim Dad , Mahar Shoukat Ali , Channa Moomal Mendhri , Ansar Fizza , Bhanbhro Sadiq 
Published: April 2024

Background: Pakistan carries a heavy burden of maternal and child health vulnerabilities. Maternal health can be prevented with culturally specific interventions and women’s enhanced access to healthcare facilities, yet women in rural areas in Pakistan are deprived of such interventions. In this study, we assessed the prevalent knowledge and practices of antenatal care and the impact of low-income and gender inequalities on maternal health in rural areas of Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) in five villages in the Sindh province of Pakistan. We tested hypotheses using descriptive reliability and regression techniques. Results: Findings show that the socio-geographical and cultural factors influencing maternal health were embedded within the different levels of SEM. The prevalence of Maternal Health Vulnerabilities (MHV) was high in villages where women had limited literacy and awareness. Of the 352 participants, 173 (49%) women were not literate and could not read pregnancy-related information imparted through leaflets or brochures. Data showed that women consumed less milk, multivitamins, and proper food due to poverty. At the same time, they had restricted access to health facilities: 119 (34%) women had lost their babies after birth. In this study, poverty and gender inequality correlate with MHV (significant 65.60% and .000 and 10.50% and .000, respectively) and exacerbate the situation by complementing each other. Conclusion: Culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce gender inequality and prioritise women’s and girls’ maternal health needs. This study has considered cultural, social, geographical, and economic factors influencing maternal health. It provides a nuanced account of a complex web of barriers to attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly goals 3, ‘Good health and well-being’ and 5 ‘, Gender equality’.
Predictors of Postoperative pharyngeal complaints in children undergoing surgery under general anesthesia at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, aprospective observational study
Authors: Legasse Adanech Shifarew , Mossie Addisu , Besha Aschalew , Mohammed Nesra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pharyngeal complaints are common but minor complications following surgery and are commonly reported during postoperative visits. These complaints includes sore throat, dysphagia, and hoarseness, which can significantly impact a child’s comfort, overall well-being and satisfaction after surgery. Identifying and understanding the predictors of these postoperative pharyngeal complaints is crucial to improve the overall outcomes in children undergoing surgery. This study aimed to assess the predictors of postoperative pharyngeal complaints in children undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted among children aged 6 to 16 years who underwent emergency and elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software packages. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the independent predictors of postoperative pharyngeal complaint. The postoperative pharyngeal complaints (Sore throat, dysphagia and hoarseness) were assessed at 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours postoperatively.ResultA total of 102 patients were included in this study, of which 68 of them male. The result of this study showed the overall incidence of postoperative pharyngeal complaints was 32.4%; whereas the incidence of postoperative sore throat 26.5%, cough 5.9%, Postoperative hoarseness 2.9% and dysphagia 4.9% of participants. Endotracheal intubation was identified as the only independent predictors of postoperative pharyngeal complaints with p-values of 0.01 (AOR-3.846, 95% CI [1.385-10.682]).ConclusionThis study revealed the overall incidence of postoperative pharyngeal complaints was 32.4%. Endotracheal intubation was identified as the only independent predictors of postoperative pharyngeal complaints in children in this study.
Evaluating the Sex Dependent Influence of Sarcospan on Cardiometabolic Disease Traits in Mice
Authors: Kahmini Aida Rahimi , Valera Isela C. , Samarah Luaye , Crawford Rhiannon Q. , Elsheikh Salma , Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire M. , Olateju Bolade S. , Matthews Aaron R. , Mohammadipoor Nazanin , Parvatiyar Michelle S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNumerous genes including sarcospan (SSPN) have been designated as obesity-susceptibility genes by human genome-wide association studies. Variants in the sarcospan (SSPN) gene locus have been associated with obesity traits with a stronger effect in women. To date this association has not been tested in vivo, therefore, we assessed the susceptibility of young (2 month) global SSPN-deficient (SSPN-/-) mice to diet-induced obesity by feeding them high fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD) for 16 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were used to assess outcomes to the diets including weight change, glucose handling, fat distribution, adipocyte size and effects on cardiac function. To assess the age-dependent impact of SSPN deletion we also compared the response of (13 month) male and female mice to HFD, which were aged by study completion. SSPN deficiency offered modest protection from weight gain in all groups studied, which was not attributable to reduced food consumption. Aging revealed glucose intolerance for SSPN-/-CD mice, which was significant in females. Young female mice had low % Fat and less visceral adipose tissue accumulation that remained relatively unchanged in HFD groups. However, this protection was lost with aging. SSPN-/-mice did not exhibit decrements in cardiac function in response to HFD. However, aged male SSPN-/-CD mice had significantly increased left ventricular mass (LVM) and signs of ventricular remodeling in response to HFD. These studies suggest that SSPN influences phenotype in a sex dependent manner and participates in a network of metabolic genes.New & NoteworthyIn this study the association of the sarcospan protein with human obesity is assessed using in vivo models. Sarcospan-deficient mice of both sexes show an age- dependent influence on adipose tissue biology and glucose handling in response to control and high fat diet. The effect of sarcospan deletion was more pronounced effects in females. Aging reveals susceptibility of SSPN-deficient male mice to increased left ventricular mass.
Anatomy of the mandibular symphysis of extant cercopithecids: taxonomy and variation
Authors: Pallas Laurent , Nakatsukasa Masato , Kunimatsu Yutaka 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe symphyseal anatomy of extant and fossil cercopithecids has not yet been demonstrated as a useful tool for taxonomic discrimination, and the source of variation in cercopithecid symphysis has not been addressed on a broad taxonomic scale. Here, we used linear and angular dimensions to quantify symphysis shape. Using univariate, multivariate data and allometric regressions (partial least squares and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions), we addressed the hypothesis that extant cercopithecids can be distinguished by symphysis shape. Significant differences in univariate and multivariate data and allometric regressions permitted to distinguish cercopithecids at the subfamilial, tribal, and genus levels. We showed that multivariate data followed the distribution expected under Brownian Motion and significantly discriminates taxa at different taxonomic levels. Colobine symphysis are characterized by developed inferior transverse tori, short planum alveolare, and short symphysis, whereas cercopithecine symphysis are characterized by developed superior transverse tori, long planum alveolare, and long symphysis. Exceptions to this pattern exist within each subfamily, and this study underlines the particular anatomy ofColobusandPresbytisamong the colobines,Allenopithecusamong the Cercopithecini, andTheropithecusandLophocebusamong the Papionini. We also demonstrate that the relative development of the transverse tori, the relative length of the planum alveolare and symphyseal inclination are dimorphic traits. Specifically, we show that the symphysis ofProcolobus verus,Nasalis larvatus, andPapio anubisis strongly dimorphic.
UVREK: Development and analysis of an expression profile knowledgebase of biomolecules induced by ultraviolet radiation exposure
Authors: Baskaran Shanmuga Priya , Ravichandran Janani , Shree Priya , Thengumthottathil Vinayak , Karthikeyan Bagavathy Shanmugam , Samal Areejit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHumans encounter diverse environmental factors which can have impact on their health. One such environmental factor is the ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is part of the physical component of the exposome. UV radiation is the leading cause of skin cancer and is a significant global health concern. A large body of published research has been conducted to uncover the mechanisms underlying the adverse outcomes of UV radiation exposure on living beings. These studies involve identifying the biomolecules induced upon UV radiation exposure. A few previous efforts have attempted to compile this information in the form of a database, but such earlier efforts have certain limitations. To fill this gap, we present a structured database named UVREK, containing manually curated data on biomolecules induced by UV radiation exposure from published literature. UVREK has compiled information on 985 genes, 470 proteins, 54 metabolites and 77 miRNAs along with their metadata. Thereafter, an enrichment analysis performed on the human gene set of UVREK database showed the importance of transcription related processes in UV related response, and enrichment of pathways involved in cancer and aging. While significantly contributing towards characterizing the physical component of the exposome, we expect the compiled data in UVREK will serve as a valuable resource for development of better UV protection mechanisms such as UV sensors and sunscreens. Noteworthy, UVREK is the only resource to date, compiling varied types of biomolecular responses to UV radiation with corresponding metadata. UVREK is openly accessible at:https://cb.imsc.res.in/uvrek/.
Carbohydrate Hydrolytic Activity, Antibiotic Resistance and Stress Tolerance ofLacticaseibacillus paracaseiBCRC-16100 andLacticaseibacillus paracaseiZFM54 for Probiotics Using Genomic and Biochemical Approaches
Authors: Icalia Gann Peter James , Fabia Jimmbeth Zenila P. , Pagurayan Althea Gay B. , Agcaoili Ma. Joy Theresa , Pascual Ryan James J. , Baranda Suerte M. , Racho Arc Josam J. , Olivar Marvielyn P. , Cariaga Jayson F. , Domingo Alvin , Bucao Dionisio S. , Agrupis Shirley C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProbiotics are microorganisms infused in products for health benefits including acceleration of nutrient digestion, however, it is also important to ensure the safety prior to incorporation. Here, we present evidence of the ability of two probiotic isolates,Lacticaseibacillus paracaseiBCRC-16100 andLacticaseibacillus paracaseiZFM54, in the (1) enhancement of carbohydrate digestion, (2) tolerance to stress, and (3) antibiotic resistance. Approaches include whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis and bioactivity assays. WGS revealed genes suggesting the ability of the two isolates to promote carbohydrate digestion, tolerance to stress and antibiotic resistance. Carbohydrate digestive ability was confirmed through a biochemical assay where the two isolates cause glucose release from starch. The two isolates also showed versatility in a range of temperature and alcohol concentration. For antibiotic resistance particularly on vancomycin, there are three mechanisms namely transporter control, transcriptional regulation, and efflux pump. Furthermore, promoter and transposable element analysis showed that some of the active antibiotic resistant (AbR) genes can be laterally transferred. Altogether, we show the potential of two probiotic isolates to be incorporated in products for improved carbohydrate digestion and the need to address the removal of active and mobile antibiotic resistance genes that may compromise safety.
Anatomy of the mandibular corpus of extant cercopithecids : taxonomy and variation
Authors: Pallas Laurent , Nakatsukasa Masato , Kunimatsu Yutaka 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to discriminate cercopithecid taxa of higher taxonomic levels (subfamily, tribe, subtribe, and genus) on the basis of corpus shape in transverse cross-section at the M1-M2junction and to assess its variation using 2D geometric morphometrics. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of allometry and sexual dimorphism on differences in corpus shape at interspecific and intraspecific levels, respectively. We also investigated whether corpus variation among cercopithecids was following Brownian motion using Pagel’s λ. Taxonomic discrimination and sexual dimorphism were established using Analysis of Variance on Principal Component scores. Allometry was studied using phylogenetic least-squares regressions and partial least-squares regressions. We demonstrated that, using corpus shape, extant cercopithecids can be significantly discriminated at the subfamilial, tribal, and subtribal levels. In addition, the main axis of variation of the Principal Component Analysis follows a distribution expected under Brownian motion, validating the presence of a phylogenetic signal in corpus shape. Colobines exhibit a robust corpus (superoinferiorly short and transversely broad) with large lateral prominences while cercopithecines have a gracile corpus (superoinferiorly long and transversely thin in its distal portion) with marked corpus fossae in African papionins. Exception to the typical subfamilial or tribal shape pattern exist, with the best examples beingTrachypithecus,PresbytisandPygathrixwithin colobines,Allenopithecuswithin Cercopithecini, andMacaca,TheropithecusandCercocebuswithin Papionini. Sexual dimorphism is a confounding factor in shape discrimination, as there are significant differences between sexes, notably inPapio anubis,Nasalis larvatusandProcolobus verus. Intriguingly, sexual dimorphism in corpus shape does not seem to follow the dimorphism deduced in canine and molar crown dimensions. This discrepancy is illustrated by the low degree of dimorphism in corpus shape inPiliocolobus badius, despite dimorphic canine and molar dimensions. Overall, our findings concerning corpus shape variation in cercopithecids will greatly benefit to paleontological studies that seek to identify taxa in the fossil record, and to neontological studies aiming to explore the ecomorphological value of the cercopithecid mandible.
A sneak peek at the high altitude adaptation of the Ladakh populations
Authors: Chorol Urgyan , Choudhury Bhagyashree , Norboo Tsering , Wangchuk Nony P. , Chaubey Gyaneshwer , Mallick Chandana Basu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe physiological response to high-altitude stress (for individuals living at 2,400m and above sea level) has been evident. However, recent advances in genomics have allowed us to explore the molecular genetic basis of these adaptive responses and their relationship with physiological responses. In the current study, we focused on thirteen biological parameters to understand the adaptive response to the high altitude of populations living across regions of Sakti, Korzok, Hanle, Aryan and Zanskar valleys of Ladakh and to understand the variation between and across individuals. Interestingly, we found a negative correlation between haemoglobin levels and partial oxygen pressure, thereby testifying to higher haemoglobin levels as an adaptive response in these individuals. The lipid profiles, including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels, varied significantly across the five regions studied. Notably, individuals from Sakti Valley showed higher LDL (>140) and cholesterol values. These variations in health parameters and lipid profiles may be attributed to diet and altitude adaptations specific to the region. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the adaptations of highlanders living at different altitudes in the Ladakh region. The findings can have implications for better understanding the molecular mechanism of physiological responses of humans to high-altitude environments.
Cellular uptake and viability switch in the properties of lipid-coated carbon quantum dots for potential bioimaging and therapeutics
Authors: Jain Sweny , Sahu Nidhi , Bhatia Dhiraj , Yadav Pankaj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon quantum dots derived from mango leaves exhibited bright red fluorescence. These negatively charged particles underwent coating with the positively charged lipid molecule N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy) propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA). However, the bioconjugate displayed reduced uptake compared to the standalone mQDs in cancer cells (SUM 159A), and increased uptake in the case of epithelial (RPE-1) cells. Upon in vitro testing, the bioconjugate demonstrated a mitigating effect on the individual toxicity of both DOTMA and mQDs in SUM-159A (cancerous cells) and of DOTMA in RPE-1 cells. Conversely, it exhibited a proliferative effect on RPE-1 (epithelial cells). Surface modifications of QDs with lipids thus enhances their compatibility with biological systems, reducing systemic toxicity, minimizing off-site effects, sustaining drug release, and modulating cellular viability through various mechanisms (for example, apoptosis), which is, therefore, crucial for multiple applications such as targeted therapeutics.TOCRed emitting, fluorescent carbon quantum dots synthesized using mango leaves(mQDs) showed enhanced cellular uptake and reduced cell viability in the case of cancer cells when compared with lipid-coated mQDs. However, in the case of non-cancerous cells, the lipid-coated mQDs showed enhanced cellular uptake and cell viability when compared with mQDs alone.