bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Grain Yield and Other Quantitative Traits in Maize
Authors: Dhillon B. S. , Singh Joginder 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCombining ability analysis was carried out on diallel crosses of 20 yellow maize varieties in four environments. General combining ability variance (σ2g) was of greater importance than specific combining ability (σ2s) in the inheritance of all traits except grain yield and ear length, where the reverse was true. Interaction components (σ2ge, σ2se) were greater than the respective main components (σ2g, σ2s) for grain yield. The study brought out the prominent role of genotype-environmental interactions. Heritability in the broad sense was very high for all traits except grain yield and grain moisture, and narrow sense heritability was also high for all traits except grain yield and ear length.
The Use of a Small Computer in Agricultural Research
Authors: Pearce S. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIt is suggested that quite a small computer, in association with a minimal program for the analysis of variance, can be used to calculate quantities of use to the agronomic research worker beyond what he usually obtains. For example, without further programs it is possible to calculate an analysis of covariance, in which adjustment is made for some disturbing factor. It is also possible to find how much of the error variance arises from a particular plot, and to deal with situations in which data are incomplete or the yields from two plots have become mixed.
Effects of Boron and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Radish (Raphanus sativus)
Authors: Maurya A. N. , Rai K. N. , Lal S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAn investigation was carried out to study the effects of boron (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg/ha) and nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha) on the growth and yield of radish cv Pusa Rashmi. Various growth characters such as number, fresh weight and dry matter content of leaves, and length, girth, fresh weight and dry matter content of roots increased with increase in boron and nitrogen levels, the highest application of both nutrients giving the best results. Treatment combinations showed significant effects on fresh weight of leaves and roots, with the best results from 3 kg boron + 200 kg of nitrogen/ha.
Pressure Chamber and Air Flow Porometer for Rapid Field Indication of Water Status and Stomatal Condition in Wheat
Authors: Fischer R. A. , Sanchez M. , Syme J.R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYPlant water potential and leaf diffusive conductance, key features of plant responses to water stress in field experiments, can be estimated, respectively, by xylem pressure potential measured with the pressure chamber apparatus, and leaf permeability measured with the air flow porometer. This paper describes modifications to these two techniques in order to increase the rapidity of measurements in wheat to 60/h with the pressure chamber, and 200/h with the porometer. Rapid measurements are needed because of the large within-and between-plot errors encountered with daytime measurements in typical field experiments, examples of which are presented.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Eaglesham A. R. J. , Minchin F. R. , Summerfield R. J. , Dart P. J. , Huxley P. A. , Day J. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEffectively nodulated, pot-grown cowpea plants were irrigated with nutrient solution containing 25 ppm 15N, and the relative contributions to total plant N status of inorganic and nodule-fixed N were determined. Maximum rates of N assimilation occurred during pod-fill, with nodules contributing ten times more nitrogen than the applied source. Symbiotic fixation supplied over 80% of total plant N throughout growth, and contributed significantly to seed N during late pod-fill, when nutrient N assimilation was negligible. Vegetative N content was greatest at mid pod-fill, and mobilization from this 'pool' was equivalent to 44% of total seed N. The implications of these (and previously reported) data are discussed.
Effects of Flowering on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane
Authors: Rao P. Seshagiri 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYBy comparing flowered and non-flowered plants of the same age (where flowering was inhibited by photoperiod control), cane yield gains due to prevention of flowering were estimated to be 56·6% in a plant crop and 33·8% in a ratoon crop. Sugar gain due to prevention of flowering was 69·1% in the plant and 35·4% in the ratoon crop. A simple negative linear relation was found between cane (and sugar) yield per plant and the proportion of canes that flowered. There was no significant difference in fibre content of flowered and non-flowered canes. The influence of loss of growth, side-shoot production and pithiness on the yield of flowered canes are discussed.
Effects of Methods of Planting Groundnuts in the Sudan Gezira
Authors: Nur Idris M. , Gasim Ali A. E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYStudies to determine the effect of planting unshelled pods, using groundnut varieties with different shell thicknesses, indicated that emergence and yield were suppressed by planting unshelled pods. Depth of sowing, and soaking pods in water prior to planting, had limited effects.
Foliar Diagnosis on Cotton in Macedonia
Authors: Argyriadis G. A. , Polyzopoulos N. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe results of eight fertilizer experiments with cotton, conducted in several areas of Macedonia, were evaluated by leaf analysis to establish possible relations between leaf N, P and K and yield, as well as to estimate the adequacy ranges of those elements under local conditions. Such a relation between leaf N and yield does exist, and leaf N within the range 4·4–4·9% of DM is adequate. On the other hand, leaf P and K within the ranges of 0·20–0·29 and 1·5–2·6%, respectively, also seem to be adequate. These findings are in agreement with general experience in this region, where cotton seldom benefits from application of fertilizers other than nitrogenous.
Effect of Sowing Date on Groundnuts in Sudan Gezira
Authors: Nur Idris M. , Gasim Ali A. E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA 4-year investigation of the effects of sowing date on three types of groundnut showed that the earlier the sowing date, the later was kernel initiation and kernel maturity. Early sowing resulted in a high pod yield, oil content and iodine number, but reduced the shelling percentage. The leaf area index ranged from 3·0 to 5·0, the highest value being obtained with early sowing and with non-upright bunch varieties.
A Note on Rhizobium Inoculation of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) using the Fluid Drill Technique
Authors: Hardaker J. M. , Hardwick R. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe conventional method of inoculating Phaseolus vulgaris with Rhizobium phaseoli, using a peat carrier and dry seeds, was compared with a method using a slurry inoculation of germinating seeds, which were subsequently sown with a fluid drill. The mean number of nodules per plant 28 days after sowing was 0·64 (uninoculated control), 2·14 (dry seed), and 7·0 (fluid drill), differences between treatments being significant at P=0·01. Two varieties included in the experiment gave similar responses, and it is concluded that the fluid drill technique has a useful potential as a method of ensuring good inoculation of legume seedlings.
Inheritance of Cowpea Yields under Different Soil Conditions in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Erskine W. , Khan T. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYBroadsense heritability, and correlations of grain yield and related characters, were estimated in three crosses under two levels of soil fertility, which profoundly affected heritability of height and seed weight. Grain yield exhibited heritability of 51–81%, and in one cross significant heterosis in F2. Amongst yield-related characters only pods/plant and seeds/pod were both correlated to yield, and also lacked negative genotypic correlations with other economic characters. However, direct selection for grain yield was considered more efficient than indirect selection using yield-related characters.
Genotype × Environment Interactions in Sorghum Variety Tests in the Sudan Central Rainlands
Authors: Kambal A. E. , Mahmoud M. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEstimates of variety × environment interactions for grain yield were obtained from a study involving 16 sorghum varieties grown at the same three locations over a 3-year period. Whereas the variety × year interaction was small and not significant, the variety × location and the variety × location × year interactions were highly significant. Evidence was presented suggesting that the years of testing could be reduced by increasing the number of test locations. T.F.M.7 and Karkatib 4/1/1 were identified as desirable varieties, combining high yield and stability of performance, thereby deserving a place both in commercial production and future breeding programmes.
A Study of Hasawi Alfalfa under Three Irrigation and Three Cutting Regimes in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Noaim A. A. , Davies G. M. , Farnworth J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe experiment, designed to investigate the production of alfalfa in Saudi Arabia, was a factorial involving three irrigation rates and three cutting heights. The irrigation rates were sub-optimum, optimum and super-optimum, supplying 2730, 3850, and 5040 mm of water over the duration of the experiment respectively; cutting heights were low (2 cm), high (8 cm) and alternate (2 cm and 8 cm). The experiment ran for a year, with 14 harvests. Sub-optimum, optimum and super-optimum irrigation treatments produced 27·5, 31·4 and 31·9 tonnes of DM per hectare respectively. Proximate analysis of crude fibre, crude protein, and ash percentage were determined, and plant density and weed infestation recorded.
Relative Efficiency of The Split-Plot Design
Authors: Abou-El-Fittouh H. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFormulae are given to calculate the efficiency of the split-plot design, in which whole-plot treatments are arranged in randomized complete blocks. Efficiency for each of the whole-plot and split-plot treatment comparisons is discussed relative to three simpler designs. Tables are given to facilitate calculations for experiments in which up to five whole-plot treatments and five split-plot treatments are tested, using four, six or eight blocks.
Genetic Diversity and Breeding Potential from Disruptive Selection in Brassica campestris CV Brown Sarson
Authors: Arunachalam V. , Katiyar R. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYNew productive variants (PV) with physiological and morphological characters distinctly different from their original counterparts (OR) were isolated under disruptive selection in Brassica campestris cv Brown Sarson. Two new breeding approaches were tested—mating (PV × OR) F1 lines with selected cultivars, and mating disruptive with two-directional selection lines. The resulting superior three- and two-way hybrid populations, when advanced through large-scale inter-mating, produced double the yield potential of the existing controls. The genetic principles behind these breeding approaches are discussed.
Genotype, Environment and Rainfall effects on Vetch Varieties in a Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Hadjichristodoulou A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYForage production of common vetch in semi-arid Mediterranean regions can be increased by varietal improvement. Dry matter content and crude protein yield were affected by environment more than crude protein content and harvesting date. Forage produced in environments where plants grew quicker was of lower dry matter content, higher crude protein content but of similar weight as forage produced in late environments. Variations in annual rainfall explained 35 to 76% of the total variation in dry matter yield.
Stimulating Axillary Buds in Yams (Dioscorea SPP)
Authors: Okoli O. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA method is described of inducing many ‘eyes’ on yam tubers to sprout, and of using the sprout-bearing segments as propagules for establishing yam fields. The number of such propagules obtainable from a tuber depends on its size, but the method greatly increases the rate of propagation and holds special promise for both breeding and commercial production of yam.
Edible Protein from Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: Savangikar V. A. , Joshi R. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYLeaf protein concentrate was prepared from the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. and the nutritional properties of this preparation were studied in relation to its amino acid composition and digestibility. The product and the residual fibre closely resembled similar products made from conventional forage species.
Effects of Growth Habits and Competition on Yields of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Tropics
Authors: Kueneman E. A. , Hernandez-Bravo G. , Wallace D. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYResponses in yield of dry bean genotypes of different growth habits [determinate (Type I), indeterminate small vine (Type II), indeterminate large vine (Type III), and indeterminate climbing (Type IV)] were evaluated over two growing seasons. Types II and III gave higher yields than Type I, with Type II the highest. Narrow between-row spacings (50 cm) tended to give higher yields than 75 cm spacings for all habits, though Type I seemed less responsive than the indeterminate habits, Types II and III. Close within-row spacing (5 versus 10 cm) was not beneficial for beans of any growth habit. Yields of beans with climbing habit grown on different support systems and at different spacings are also reported.
Influence of Soil-applied Micronutrients on Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Malaysian Tropical Oligotrophic Peat
Authors: Chew W. Y. , Joseph K. T. , Ramli K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTwo experiments to investigate the micronutrient requirements of cassava (cv Black Twig) on Malaysian peat soil are described. Cu was found to be the only essential micronutrient and Mn, Zn, Fe, Mo and B were not needed. Fertilizing with 20 kg/ha of copper sulphate approximately tripled tuber dry matter, and starch and Cu uptake, but applying 10 kg/ha of copper sulphate gave the same results. Each crop of cassava absorbed only about 2% of the applied Cu, giving a leaf Cu content of about 14 ppm compared with about 7 ppm in Cu-deficient plants. Cu deficiency symptoms were invariably observed in Cu-deficient plots and these are also described.
Effects of No-tillage and Ploughing on Efficiency of Water Use in Maize and Cowpea
Authors: Lal R. , Maurya P. R. , Osei-Yeboah S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYWater use efficiency of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) was investigated, with and without tillage, under four irrigation frequencies in which 12 mm of water was applied at 2, 4, 8 and 12 day intervals, using a sprinkler system. Both maize and cowpea under no-tillage yielded more than with conventional ploughing. Water use efficiency of maize without tillage was 18·3, 17·5, 57·8 and 100% greater than with tillage at irrigation frequencies of 2, 4, 8 and 12 days respectively. Whereas the leaf water potential of cowpea was not affected by tillage, that of maize was generally higher for no-tillage compared with conventional ploughing.
Effects of Alar on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Okra
Authors: Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey W. , Ndoleh Alex S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEffects of Alar on growth, flowering and yield parameters of standard-planted and closely-planted late-bearing okra were studied. Lower concentrations of Alar, applied once 6 weeks after sowing on standard-planted okra, significantly advanced days to first flowering and depressed height at first flowering and final height. Higher Alar concentrations, particularly 2000 ppm applied twice after 3 and 6 weeks on closely-planted okra, produced more, longer and heavier pods, and therefore higher total pod yield in unstopped than in stopped okra, in addition to advancing days to first flowering and depressing height at first flowering and final height. The agronomic practice of stopping okra at 6 weeks reduced pod number, pod weight/plant and total pod yield/ha in unsprayed plants.
Effects of Irrigating Sugarcane at Different Soil Moisture Deficits in the Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Suliman 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTwo field experiments on the effects of watering at 40–50 (M1), 60–70 (M2), 80–90 (M3) and 90–100% (M4) of available soil-moisture depletion on sugarcane were conducted at Guneid during 1974–77. Intensive cane growth was observed from April to August. Irrigation treatments significantly affected yields of cane and sugar, and the percentage of sucrose, with treatment M2 giving the most economic yields of cane and sugar.
Intercropping Sugarcane with Maize
Authors: Pillay A. R. , Mamet J. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe production of maize in every second inter-row of first and second ratoon sugar cane was studied in four locations in Mauritius in 1974, in trials based on combinations of three maize densities and three fertilizer levels. Analysis of the data showed that intercropping sugar cane with maize had no adverse effects on cane and sugar yields, and suggested that planting an early-maturing maize amongst the cane at a density of 19,000 plants, with 76 kg N, 38 kg P2O5, 62 kg K2O/ha, was the most profitable method under Mauritian conditions.
Incidence of Internal Brown Spot Disease in White Lisbon Yams (Dioscorea alata) During Storage
Authors: Mantell S. H. , Haque S. Q. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTubers of Dioscorea alata L. cv White Lisbon, affected by Internal Brown Spot (IBS) disease, and stored under ambient conditions on wooden or wire racks, did not show significant increases in IBS incidence and mean lesions over storage periods of up to 18 weeks. Storage under different conditions of temperature (13, 20 and 28 ± 3°C) did not have any significant effect on IBS incidence; but tubers stored under conditions of high relative humidity (95 ± 2%) showed less IBS and greater mean lesion diameters. Although a significant reduction in disease incidence occurred during storage under the latter conditions, the effects of increased lesion size resulted in some deterioration of tuber quality.
Effects of Air and Soil Temperatures on Colour of Eggplant Fruits (Solanum melongenaL.)
Authors: Nothmann J. , Rylski Irena , Spigelman M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYColour development in fruits of dark purple eggplant cultivars was greatly influenced by temperature conditions. During the cool season, colour development was much slower than during the hot season, corresponding to slower fruit growth and much lower final weight. There were varietal differences in seasonal influence on the distribution of various colour shades, both during fruit growth and at harvest. Soil heating during the cool season improved fruit colour.
Effects of Sowing Date on Forage and Seed Production of 14 Varieties of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Akinola J. O. , Davies J. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFourteen varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) were compared for yields of forage and seed from two sowing dates, using various agronomic parameters. Yields ranged from 1048 to 5044, 185 to 920 and 864 to 3321 kg/ha for dry matter, crude protein and seed respectively, with advantages from spreading as against semi-erect types, and early rather than late July sowing. IVu 1283-1 and IVu 1283-2 effectively combined vegetative and seed yield, and appeared most suitable for fodder and seed production. A simple forage yield index (FYI), useful in yield prediction, was evolved.
Effects of Short-day Treatments on Second Crop Summer-fruiting Strawberries
Authors: Tafazoli E. , Shaybany B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYBlack polyethylene tunnels were used to subject Armore and Missionary strawberry cultivars to 21 short-day inductive cycles at either full bloom (7–28 May) or fruit swelling (1–21 June) stages. Regardless of application date, treatments induced a second bloom 8–10 weeks after treatment in both cultivars. The second crop of Armore was as large as the first, but Missionary produced only a small second crop that would not be worth commercial harvesting. Covering plants with black polyethylene reduced the vitamin C content of the first-crop fruits of Armore without affecting yield, while Missionary responded in an opposite way. Treating plants at full bloom hastened the ripening of the first crop of both cultivars by about 1 week and resulted in a larger second crop than was obtained by the later treatment.
Supplementary Irrigation of Young Clonal Tea in Kenya. I. Survival, Growth and Yield
Authors: Othieno C. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAn experiment designed to study differences in water requirements between some clones of tea suggests that clones which showed visual symptoms of being more susceptible to drought had a greater demand for water. Supplementary irrigation applied during the dry seasons prevented plants from dying and stimulated better early growth of clones tested. As a result of better early growth, the irrigated tea gave persistently and significantly larger yields than non-irrigated tea in the first 2 years of recording.
Effects of Plant Population on Sole-crop Cassava in Sierra Leone
Authors: Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEffects of plant population on mean yield and yield components of 2-year sole cassava crops were studied on Njala upland soils of Sierra Leone in two experiments. Increasing plant population of multi-shoot Cocoa cassava over 7000/ha decreased all the parameters studied except top/root weight ratio, which increased. The observed effects were attributed to competition for environmental resources, since area of land/plant unit decreased as plant population increased. The relations between plant populations and yields of fresh root and cortex dry matter were asymptotic, indicating that the respective yields were products of the vegetative phase of cropping.
Effects of Delayed Hand Weeding on Sole-crop Cassava in Sierra Leone
Authors: Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of delayed hand weed control at 30-, 45-, 60-, 90-day intervals, and no weeding, on sole-crop cassava, was studied in two experiments on the upland soils of Sierra Leone. Timing and frequency of weeding were important in influencing root number and root yield, and delayed weed control depressed both attributes. The critical period of competition was in the 45-day weeding interval, with six weedings in a 14-month growing period. Rottboellia exaltata was the predominant species amongst the permanent grasses on the no-weeding plots.
Assessing Losses in Rice Due to Insects and Diseases in Bangladesh
Authors: Catling H. D. , Alam Shamsul , Miah S. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA series of 17 crop-loss assessments was made under simulated farmers' field conditions in the three main rice cropping seasons of Bangladesh. The main insect pests were the rice stem borers (Tryporyza incertulas, Chilo polychrysa, Sesamia inferens) and in the monsoon rice gall midge (Pachydiplosis oryzae). Disease incidence was negligible. In the winter and early monsoon yield losses averaged 4 and 6% respectively, but economic benefit was only derived from insecticide application in the monsoon season, when there was an average yield loss of 16%. An economic threshold of 5–10% damaged tillers (‘deadhearts’ and ‘onion shoots’) was indicated for early attacks of stem borers and gall midge. Possible reasons are given for the usually low incidence of insect pests and diseases in Bangladesh rice.
Fertilizer Responses of Cucumbers on Peat in Brunei
Authors: Williams C. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects on local cucumbers of supplementary mineral fertilizers over an initial field dressing of 30 tonnes of poultry manure and 4 tonnes of lime/ha, were determined on tropical peat soil in Brunei. Significant yield increases were obtained with supplementary N up to 280 kg/ha but not with K/Mg above the basal rates 78/10 kg/ha. The highest yields exceeded 50 tonnes/ha of marketable fruit, obtained over a 9-week growing period.