bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The normal endoscopic appearance of the caudal reproductive tract of the cyclic and non‐cyclic bitch: post‐uterine endoscopy
Authors: LINDSAY F. E. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEndoscopy of the caudal reproductive tract, or post‐uterine endoscopy, is a method of examining the mucosal aspect of the vagina and vestibule/vulva of the live bitch. In this study the post‐uterine, or caudal, reproductive tracts of forty‐five bitches of pedigree and mixed ancestry were examined endoscopically. The instrumentation and method of endoscopic examination are described. The endoscopic appearance of the mucosal aspect of the vagina, vestibule and vulva was observed during anoestrus and several phases of the sexual cycle, and in the spayed bitch. Visual records made during endoscopy were compared with the exfoliative vaginal cytology and behavioural responses. The results obtained indicate that post‐uterine endoscopy is a relatively rapid and accurate method of detecting the sexual status of the bitch, and compared well with the other methods used in this study. It is suggested post‐uterine endoscopy also has a value in allied investigative procedures or reproductive processes.
Endoscopic management of a cystic naso‐lacrimal obstruction in a dog
Authors: WHITE R. A. S. , HERRTAGE M. E. , WATKINS S. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA young adult Dachshund was presented with a cystic obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct causing maxillo‐turbinate destruction but no epiphora. The lesion was demonstrated by dacryocystorhinography and identified on nasal endoscopy which also permitted the successful creation of a permanent fistula without resort to invasive surgery. Histological examination of the cystic wall of the duct showed normal turbinate structures replaced by chronic inflammatory tissue.
Spinal cord degeneration in hound ataxia
Authors: PALMER A. C. , MEDD R. K. , WILKINSON G. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn ataxia is described in seven Foxhounds, seven Harrier hounds and two Beagle hounds, aged from 2 to 7 years. Weakness and incoordination occurred in the hind‐legs; there was no loss of deep reflexes or of conscious pain sensation. The panniculus reflex was abnormal in 75 per cent of animals examined. Pathologically, Wallerian degeneration was present in the spinal cord, especially in the cervical and thoracic levels, but the dorsal and lateral columns were largely spared. Secondary degeneration occurred in ascending tracts in the brainstem. All the animals were kept under hunt conditions and were usually fed a diet of paunch and occasional knacker meat. The cause of the condition was not established but it may be related to nutritional deficiency or to neurotoxicity.
The natural history of the major feline viral diseases
Authors: GASKELL ROSALIND M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses factors that are important in the natural history of five major feline viral diseases, namely, feline panleucopenia, feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline caliciviral disease, feline leukaemia virus infection, and feline infectious peritonitis. Each disease is considered in terms of the properties and infectivity of the infecting agent, the sources of infectious virus, the mode of transmission of the disease, and the methods by which the agent persists in the cat population. Finally, each disease is discussed in terms of immunity and the role of vaccination. All these factors affect the balance of the virus‐host relationship and are thus directly relevant to the epizootiology of these diseases and their control.
Feline dysautonomia (the Key‐Gaskell syndrome): a clinical and pathological study of forty cases
Authors: SHARP N. J. H. , NASH A. S. , GRIFFITHS I. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFeline dysautonomia is a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, the main features of which are dilated pupils, dry mucous membranes, mega‐oesophagus and constipation. The clinical and pathological features, treatment and follow‐up details of 40 cases seen at the University of Glasgow Veterinary School are described. The pathology was demonstrated to be mainly restricted to the autonomic ganglia and neurons in selected cranial nerve nuclei. Less marked changes were also found in neurons of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Nine cases recovered but this required up to one year and, in some, mild clinical signs persisted. Viral, toxicological and epidemiological studies were unrewarding and the aetiology is presently unknown. The similarities between this condition, grass sickness of horses and dysautonomia in the dog and man are discussed.
Clinical laboratory evaluation of deep mycotic diseases in dogs
Authors: CARAKOSTAS MICHAEL C. , MILLER RICHARD I. , GOSSETT KENT A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective study of 27 dogs with deep mycoses was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of initial laboratory results in determining a diagnosis. Fifteen cases of disseminated blastomycosis, five cases of disseminated histoplasmosis and seven cases of gastrointestinal phycomycosis were studied. Haematologic results consistent with a chronic inflammatory disease (mild to moderate anaemia and moderate to marked monocytosis) were common findings in blastomycosis and phycomycosis. Cases of histoplasmosis were characterized by a more severe anaemia with a neutrophilia and left shift. The severe anaemia present in three out of five (3/5) dogs with histoplasmosis was apparently due to myelophthisis and intravascular erythrocyte fragmentation. Coagulation function tests and/or the haemograms suggested the presence of microangiopathic haemolysis in four dogs with histoplasmosis. Clinical chemistry results in blastomycosis and phycomycosis were usually unremarkable. Hepatic lesions in histoplasmosis were suggested by increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and decreases in serum albumin. Cytology was frequently diagnostic for blastomycosis (11/13 cases) and histoplasmosis (3/4 cases) but was inconsistent in phycomycosis (1/3 cases).
Osteochondrosis of the shoulder and elbow joints in dogs
Authors: HOULTON J. E. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOsteochondrosis, a failure of normal endochondral ossification, represents a significant cause of forelimb lameness in medium to large dogs. This paper describes a series of 58 cases of osteochondrosis of the shoulder and elbow diagnosed at a referral centre over a 30‐month period. Affected joints which were persistently painful were treated surgically while the non‐painful joints were treated conservatively. Details of the radiographic findings are recorded and a grading system is described to enable comparison between the surgically and conservatively treated joints. The progress of the cases was followed over a minimum period of 6 months and the majority of the dogs were re‐examined clinically and radiographically.
Clinical observations on the use of the muscle relaxant atracurium in the dog
Authors: JONES R. S. , CLUTTON R. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe use of the new neuromuscular blocking agent, atracurium besylate, is described in 22 dogs undergoing a variety of surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. An initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg proved effective and produced a block of 40 min duration. Incremental doses of 0.2 mg/kg were used. Reversal of the neuromuscular block by neostigmine preceded by atropine was rapid and effective. No untoward side‐effects were observed with this drug.
Splenosis in a dog
Authors: PATNAIK AMIYA K. , LIEBERMAN PHILIP H. , MACEWEN E. GREGORY 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 6‐year‐old male Rhodesian Ridgeback dog developed splenosis following splenectomy for a rupture of the spleen. The dog did well for 4 years following splenectomy but then developed progressive hepatomegaly, leading to the death of the animal. Grossly the abdomen was filled with masses of tissue arising from the liver. Multiple nodules of various sizes were seen in the remainder of the liver and attached to the mesentery, diaphragm and peritoneal wall. Histologically, the lesions contained splenic tissue consisting of both red and white pulp, and were characterized by all the normal cell elements of the spleen, including erythropoietic tissue. The proportion of red to white pulp was, however, abnormal, and the fibromuscular septae and sheath arteries were not obvious. In the smaller lesions, and in the margins of the large lesions, splenic tissue replaced the hepatic tissue except for the bile ducts. The multiple, intrahepatic nodules indicated splenic vein embolism.
Kinking of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava in five dogs
Authors: CORNELIUS LARRY , MAHAFFEY MARY 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFive dogs with kinking of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava (CVC) were studied. One dog had neither clinical nor laboratory abnormalities associated with the kinked CVC, and the cause was unknown. The other four dogs had evidence of post‐sinusoidal obstruction of venous flow characterized by high protein ascites (modified transudate). Causes of the kinked CVC were automobile trauma (two dogs), cardiomegaly with ascites, and a large neoplastic lung mass. Surgical removal of the kinked caval segment was successful in the two dogs injured by automobiles. Medical therapy with a diuretic was associated with a decrease in ascites, straightening of the CVC, and improvement in clinical condition of the dog with cardiomegaly and ascites. Surgical removal of the neoplastic lung mass in one dog resulted in straightening of the CVC, but it later died of respiratory failure associated with pulmonary neoplasia.
A contrast radiographic study of the vagina and uterus of the normal bitch
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD , FRANCE CAROL 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA method is described for investigating radiographically the shape of the bitch's vagina. The intra‐pelvic vagina is readily dilated whereas the intra‐abdominal vagina is narrow and tortuous, and cranially is typically ‘spoon‐shaped’.Contrast medium entered the uterus during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and the post‐partum period, indicating patency of the cervix at these times. No cervical relaxation was evident at the end of the luteal phase, i.e. during anoestrus. The possible relevance of these findings to the aetiology of pyometra is discussed.
Successful removal of a heart‐base tumour in a dog with pericardial haemorrhagic effusion
Authors: BROWNLIE SERENA E. , JONES D. G. CLAYTON 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a case of pericardial haemorrhagic effusion in an eight‐year‐old Labrador Retriever bitch which presented with ascites, muffled heart sounds, a weak femoral pulse and weight loss. The successful removal of a heart‐base tumour is described.
The treatment of canine cervical disc disease by acupuncture: a review of thirty‐two cases
Authors: JANSSENS L. A. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of acupuncture treatment in 32 cases of canine cervical disc disease are reported with special reference to the outcome, follow up and recurrence. Acupuncture was an effective therapeutic method of treatment in about 70 per cent of the cervical intervertebral disc protrusions. It had no prophylactic effect on the recurrence of the symptoms.
Observations on breed and sex in relation to canine heart valve incompetence
Authors: THRUSFIELD M. V. , AITKEN C. G. G. , DARKER P. G. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe association between breed, sex and canine heart valve incompetence was investigated by means of an observational study of a veterinary clinic population. Odds ratio estimations revealed statistically significant positive associations between some small and medium‐sized breeds and heart valve incompetence, and significant negative associations between some large breeds and heart valve incompetence. The log odds, determined for each breed and sex, indicated that males were more susceptible than females.
Diagnosis of canine trypanosomiasis: three sites of blood collection compared
Authors: UCHE U. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHaematological studies on 100 dogs that were weak, anorectous and had rectal temperatures of not less than 103d̀F (39‐4d̀C) showed that 7 (7 per cent) had trypanosomes present in blood smears.Blood collected from the tip of the tail and edge of the pinna yielded more trypanosomes than those collected via a saphenous venepuncture.The use of a pin‐puncture on the edge of the pinna has proved the best source of blood for studies involving only the haematological demonstration of trypanosomes.
Evaluation of some drug combinations for sedation in the dog
Authors: TAYLOR POLLY M. , HERRTAGE MICHAEL E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA double blind trial was performed in order to investigate the effects of some sedatives in the dog. One hundred and forty‐two dogs undergoing radiography for the BVA/KC hip dysplasia scheme were sedated with combinations of acepromazine with pethidine or buprenorphine, or with acepromazine alone. The degree of sedation, resistance to manipulation, sensitivity to noise and response to pain were assessed, and arterial blood samples taken for blood gas analysis. In all respects the combinations of acepromazine with buprenorphine or pethidine produced significantly better sedation than acepromazine alone. Pa02 and pH were lower and PaCO2 higher in dogs receiving the combinations compared with those receiving acepromazine alone, but all values were within normal limits. It was concluded that combinations of pethidine or buprenorphine with acpromazine provide extremely effective and safe sedation in the dog.
Pemphigus foliaceus: a report of two cases in the dog
Authors: McEWAN N. A. , McNEIL P. E. , KIRKHAM D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and diagnostic features of two cases of pemphigus foliaceus in the dog are described. Dermatohistopathology and direct immunofluorescence examination of skin biopsies were diagnostic for pemphigus foliaceus. Both dogs required immunosuppressive dosages of prednisolone to achieve control of the condition.
Radiographic anatomy of the canine liver: simple measurements determined from the lateral radiograph
Authors: COCKETT P. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe literature on plain film evaluation of the canine liver is reviewed and the problems associated with radiographic hepatometry in this species and in man are outlined. Methods used to determine liver size in man are briefly described. Liver measurements obtained from lateral recumbent radiographs of 20 German Shepherd Dogs were examined statistically. The ratio of a measurement of liver length to second lumbar vertebra body length was found to be of statistical value, as was the relative position of the junction separating left medial, right medial and quadrate lobes from a further part of the right medial and left lateral lobes. The extrapolation of these results to other breeds is discussed.
Urinary cytology as an adjunct to bacteriology in the laboratory investigation of canine bladder disease
Authors: BREARLEY M. J. , COOPER J. E. , WEDDERBURN N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of cytological and bacteriological examination of 73 urine samples from dogs are presented. In 37 cases bacteria of potential clinical significance were isolated, a further six were considered to be contaminated, and from the remaining 30 either only a very scant growth or none at all was obtained. Cytology supported a diagnosis of cystitis in 28 cases and was highly suggestive of malignancy in another five. There were eight cases of bacteriuria where the cytological evidence was not indicative of cystitis. None of the 36 cases from which no potentially significant bacteria were isolated had a cytological profile suggesting an inflammatory process. It is proposed that urinary cytology may be a useful adjunct to bacteriology, especially where the significance of a bacteriuria cannot be assessed by quantitative counts. Cytology may also be of value for the early detection of urothelial carcinoma.
Peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphosarcoma in a dog
Authors: PRESTHUS JOHN , TEIGE JON 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphosarcoma in a dog is described.A 6‐year‐old flat‐coated Retriever male was presented with urinary incontinence and lameness of the right hind leg. Five days after hospitalization the dog developed a right‐sided facial paralysis. The dog was destroyed 3 weeks after admittance. The post‐mortem examination revealed lymphosarcoma in the stomach and a peripheral neuropathy mainly affecting the femoral and facial nerves.The possible connection between the lymphosarcoma and the peripheral neuropathy is discussed.
A case of dumb rabies and trypanosomiasis in an eight‐week‐old puppy
Authors: OKOLO M. I. O. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn eight‐week‐old male puppy affected with trypanosomiasis and dumb rabies was presented at the University of Nigeria Veterinary Hospital. The dog had a septic wound on the side of the face. The clinical signs suggested trypanosomiasis and this diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory examination. After treatment with Berenil and antibiotics, the puppy apparently recovered, but a week later became anorectous and recumbent. Dumb rabies was suspected and the dog died in a quarantine kennel less than 24 hours later. Negri bodies were detected in brain smears from the dog and a mouse inoculation test was performed to confirm the diagnosis.Dumb rabies poses serious public health hazards to dog owners and their families, as well as to those occupationally exposed to dogs.
Severe sperm abnormalities with subsequent recovery following on scrotal oedema and posthitis in a Bulldog
Authors: OETTLÉ E. E. , SOLEY J. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 5‐year‐old Bulldog was examined for breeding soundness 6, 10 and 26 weeks after suffering from a posthitis, which extended caudally to include the scrotum. On first semen examination, Spermac‐stained smears examined under the light microscope showed that 50 per cent of the spermatozoa had abnormal heads, and a further 20 per cent had other abnormalities. On second examination, the head abnormalities were reduced to 38 per cent, although the total abnormality count was 92 per cent. The various abnormalities noted with the light microscope were confirmed by the transmission electron micrographs, which revealed a variety of bizarre head abnormalities, diadem defects, acrosomal cysts and Dag defects. Between the second and third examinations the dog sired a litter of six pups, and on third examination had a normal spermiogram.
Infections with feline leukaemia virus detected upon post‐mortem examination
Authors: REINACHER MANFRED 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYCats submitted for post‐mortem examination have been studied for persistent FeLV infection using immune histological methods. Persistent FeLV infection turned out to cause the most frequent lethal infectious disease of the cat. In the post‐mortem material, 16 per cent of the cats were found positive whereas 3 per cent can be assumed for the normal feline population. FeLV‐positive animals die from FeLV‐associated non‐tumourous conditions in 75 per cent of the cases rather than from leucosis. The most important non‐tumourous conditions are anaemia, feline infectious peritonitis, inflammation of the respiratory tract and liver degeneration. Important differences have been found between the various forms of leucosis which can also be distinguished in the small animal practice concerning their association with FeLV infection. Variations between 20 and 90 per cent have been found.
Diabetes mellitus: an update
Authors: MILNE ELSPETH M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is characterized by disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and glucose intolerance. Several factors are known to contribute to the disease, ie, obesity, immune‐mediated insulin resistance, and the diabetogenic hormones glucagon, growth hormone and glucocorticoids.Recently, a number of developments have taken place in the management of human diabetes mellitus which may be applicable to dogs and cats. These include the use of diets high in soluble, non‐absorbable carbohydrates which lower post‐prandial increases in blood glucose.The more complex causes of instability, ie, insulin‐induced hyperglycaemia, rapid metabolism of insulin and insulin resistance can be diagnosed by hospitalizing the patient and measuring blood glucose at four hour intervals for 24 hours.In human medicine, new techniques for controlling diabetes mellitus are pancreatic implants, constant infusion pumps for insulin and the use of the hormone somatostatin which suppresses glucagon secretion, but not all may be applicable to veterinary medicine.
Immunocytological confirmation of a diagnosis of canine distemper using cells in urine
Authors: BROWN R. A. Ll. , MORROW A. , HERON I. , CHONG S. N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTImmunofluorescent staining of epithelial cells present in urine of early clinical cases of canine distemper confirmed the presumptive diagnosis by revealing fluorescing intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive results were not obtained in urine samples from control dogs nor from samples from dogs ill for more than three weeks. The urine samples, with added preservative, still yielded positive results after 5 days storage at 37°C or 21 days storage at 18°C.
Regulatory peptides
Authors: VAILLANT C. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYThe peptidergic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract was clearly affected in these six cases of Feline Dysautonomia. Most notably there was a striking depletion of VIP‐immunoreactivity. However, the lesions in Feline Dysautonomia are not selective for neurons containing this particular peptide, since a reduction in substance P‐ and Met‐enkephalin‐immunoreactivity was also found. Depletion of these three neuropeptides does not correlate well with the clinical finding of gastrointestinal atony, since only substance P has excitatory actions on gut smooth muscle (Iversen, 1982). Both VIP and enkephalin have inhibitory actions, acting directly on smooth muscle or via the myenteric plexus respectively (Fahrenkrug and Emson, 1982; North and Egan, 1982). However, as there was no specificity in the distribution of lesions, at least in terms of peptidergic nerves, it is probable that other types of nerves in the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the gut are affected, and contribute to the loss of tone.The depletion of neuropeptide immunoreactivity does not distinguish between a loss of peptidergic neurons and a loss of peptide content. However, in routinely stained sections there was little evidence of neuronal loss: only a small number of abnormal, apparently degenerating, nerve cell bodies was seen in the enteric plexuses. Thus, it is possible that levels of immunoreactive materials are reduced in peptidergic nerves. At the ultrastructural level, Griffiths and Sharp (1983) have found disorganized rough endoplasmic reticulum and a depletion of ribosomes in neurons from affected cats, and it is possible that impaired peptide synthesis may contribute to the observed reduction in immunoreactivity. In contrast to the findings in the peptidergic innervation, the peptide‐containing endocrine cells appeared to be unaffected. At least, glucagon‐and somatostatin‐IR cells in the colon were not depleted in number.Thus, in Feline Dysautonomia, while there was little evidence of neuronal lesions in the gastrointestinal tract on routine histological examination, there was a marked loss of neuropeptide immunoreactivity. Neuropeptide immunohistochemistry would appear, therefore, to be more sensitive in detecting neuronal abnormalities in this disease. At present however, it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool for Feline Dysautonomia, as regulatory peptides are known to be involved in several other diseases of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (Vaillant and others, 1982; Bloom and Polak, 1982). Further studies are required to distinguish the enteric neuropeptide abnormalities in Feline Dysautonomia from those occurring in other disorders affecting the feline gut.