bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The main neutrophil and neutrophil‐related functions may compensate for each other following exercise—a finding from training in university judoists
Authors: Mochida Noriko , Umeda Takashi , Yamamoto Yousuke , Tanabe Masaru , Kojima Arata , Sugawara Kazuo , Nakaji Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn order to clarify the relationship between exercise and neutrophil function, we measured three major neutrophil and neutrophil‐related functions, viz. the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability and phagocytic activity (PA) of neutrophils and serum opsonic activity (SOA), simultaneously before and after a unified loading exercise under three different sets of conditions. Thirteen female collegiate judoists were examined with a unified exercise loading (2 h) immediately before and after a 64 day training period. Immediately thereafter, the athletes took part in a 6 day intensified training camp, following which the same exercise loading was repeated. Responses from circulating neutrophils were estimated by comparing the two sets of values obtained before and after the two instances of exercise loading. The parameters assessed included neutrophil count, SOA, PA and ROS production capability. ROS production increased after the exercise loading performed immediately before and after the 64 day training period just before the camp, (p < 0.01) but decreased following the exercise loading performed after the camp (p < 0.05). This suggested depressed bacteriocidal capability of the circulating neutrophils. PA decreased after the exercise loading sessions imposed prior to and after the 64 day training period (p < 0.01) but did not change in the loading session after the camp. No changes were seen in SOA produced with the loading exercise either before the 64 day exercise period or before the camp, but increased significantly following the post‐camp session (p < 0.05). In conclusion, athletic training‐induced changes in immune functional activities of neutrophils, such as ROS production and PA, and neutrophil‐related factors, such as SOA, may compensate for each other to maintain the overall integrity of the neutrophil immune function. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐Initiating Activity of 3β‐Methoxy‐13α,14α‐epoxyserratan‐21β‐ol (PJJ‐34) from the Stem Bark of Picea jezoensis Carr. var. jezoensis
Authors: Tanaka Reiko , Minami Toshifumi , Tokuda Harukuni 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUltraviolet light is the major cause of skin cancers in human, and several effects of ultraviolet light B (UVB) are thought to contribute to skin photocarcinogenesis. 3β‐Methoxy‐13α,14α‐epoxyserratan‐21β‐ol (PJJ‐34; 1) isolated from Picea jezoensis Carr. var. jezoensis showed the strongest antitumor‐promoting activity among naturally occurring triterpenoids in the in vivo two‐stage mouse skin‐carcinogenesis test. To investigate the anti‐initiating activity, we further studied mouse models initiated with ultraviolet‐B (UVB) and promoted with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). Oral administration of the PJJ‐34 (1) during a period before and after the three times of UVB irradiation led to a remarkable effect: oral administration of a 0.0025% solution of 1 only to the test group, which started one week before and ended one week after the irradiation, showed less than half papillomas, and inhibition of tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity in comparison to the control group. Therefore, it was recognized that PJJ‐34 (1) showed strong anti‐initiating activity as well as anti‐promoting activity. After all, 1 seems to be useful as cancer‐chemopreventive agent.
Formation of Phosphaethyne Dimers: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Höltzl Tibor , Szieberth Dénes , Nguyen Minh Tho , Veszprémi Tamás 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHigh‐level ab initio (CCSD(T), CBS‐QB3 and CASSCF, CASPT2, MR‐ACPF, MR‐ACPF‐2) and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations were carried out to study the dimerization of phosphaacetylene or phosphaethyne (HCP). Seventeen low energy closed‐shell and five open‐shell phosphaacetylene dimers were found on the potential energy surface. Two head‐to‐head, one head‐to‐tail and three other dimerization reaction pathways were determined, all with high activation barriers, suggesting that closed‐shell minima are usually kinetically stable. An open‐shell head‐to‐head reaction pathway has also been found with moderate initial barrier (95.0 kJ mol−1) leading to 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene, suggesting that polymerization of HCP and oligomerization of its derivatives have open‐shell mechanism. Formation of 1,2‐diphosphacyclobutadiene is both thermodynamically and kinetically favored over 1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene. A head‐to‐head reaction involving LiBr as a catalyst was also studied. It has been pointed out that LiBr catalyze the closed‐shell mechanism. All the four possible reaction channels of this reaction yield 1,4‐diphosphatriafulvene with a fairly low activation Gibbs‐free energy (44.8 kJ mol−1), suggesting that this compound could be synthesized. This finding fully supports the experimental results.
Effect of the mobile phase on the retention behavior of optical isomers of the mandelic acid derivative methyl 2‐phenyl‐2‐(tetrahydropyranyloxy) acetate by chiral HPLC
Authors: Shen Baochun , Xu Xiuzhu , Chen Juanjuan , Zhang Xuejun , Xu Beijia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractConditions for separation of enantiomers of a mandelic acid derivative, methyl 2‐phenyl‐2‐(tetrahydropyranyloxy) acetate (the analyte) were studied. Because of the presence of two chiral carbons, the analyte consists of four stereoisomers stable at ambient temperature. Chiral HPLC of the analyte resulted in four peaks, using an (S,S)‐Whelk‐O1 column with the mobile phase consisting of hexane and the t‐butyl methyl ether (TBME). It was found that TBME dramatically changed the retention of the isomers, though it produced the best enantioseparation on (S,S)‐Whelk‐O1. The amount of TBME in the mobile phase influenced the degree of retention shift; 5% (v/v) TBME gave a bigger shift than 8% (v/v) and 10% (v/v). 2‐Propanol did not produce the same results. The chiral separation was also tried on cellulose tris (3, 5‐dimethyl phenylcarbamate) (CDMPC), but only three peaks were seen, indicating some but not full enantiomer resolution. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial exploration induces ARC, a plasticity‐related immediate‐early gene, only in calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II‐positive principal excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the rat forebrain
Authors: Vazdarjanova Almira , Ramirez‐Amaya Victor , Insel Nathan , Plummer Thane K. , Rosi Susanna , Chowdhury Shoaib , Mikhael Dalia , Worley Paul F. , Guzowski John F. , Barnes Carol A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractActive behavior, such as exploring a novel environment, induces the expression of the immediate‐early gene Arc (activity‐regulated cytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) in many brain regions, including the hippocampus, neocortex, and striatum. Arc messenger ribonucleic acid and protein are localized in activated dendrites, and Arc protein is required for the maintenance of long‐term potentiation and memory consolidation. Although previous evidence suggests that Arc is expressed in neurons, there is no direct demonstration that only neurons can express Arc. Furthermore, there is no characterization of the main neuronal types that express Arc. The data reported here show that behavior‐ or seizure‐induced Arc expression in the hippocampus, primary somatosensory cortex, and dorsal striatum of rats colocalizes only with neuronal (NeuN‐positive) and not with glial (GFAP‐positive) cells. Furthermore, Arc was found exclusively in non‐GABAergic α‐CaMKII‐positive hippocampal and neocortical neurons of rats that had explored a novel environment. Some GAD65/67‐positive neurons in these regions were observed to express Arc, but only after a very strong stimulus (electroconvulsive seizure). In the dorsal striatum, spatial exploration induced Arc only in GABAergic and α‐CaMKII‐positive neurons. Combined, these results show that although a very strong stimulus (seizure) can induce Arc in a variety of neurons, behavior induces Arc in the CaMKII‐positive principal neurons of the hippocampus, neocortex, and dorsal striatum. These results, coupled with recent in vitro findings of interactions between Arc and CaMKII, are consistent with the hypothesis that Arc and CaMKII act as plasticity partners to promote functional and/or structural synaptic modifications that accompany learning. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:317–329, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrinsic Information Content of NMR Dipolar Couplings: A Conformational Investigation of 1,3‐Butadiene in a Nematic Phase
Authors: Celebre Giorgio , Concistré Maria , De Luca Giuseppina , Longeri Marcello , Pileio Giuseppe 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe conformational equilibrium of 1,3‐butadiene in a condensed fluid phase is investigated by liquid‐crystal NMR spectroscopy. The full set of DHH and DCH dipolar couplings is determined from the analysis of the 1H spectra of the three 1,3‐butadiene most‐abundant isotopomers (i.e. the all 12C and the two single‐labeled 13C isotopomers) for a total of 21 independent dipolar couplings. A very good starting set of spectral parameters for the analysis of the 1H spectrum is determined in a semiautomated way by the analysis of the (N−1) (specifically, N=6, the number of 1/2 spin nuclei in the spin system) quantum refocused (5QR), and not (5Q), spectra. As an alternative approach, a Monte Carlo (MC) numerical simulation, capable of predicting the solute ordering, is tested to simulate the 5QR spectrum. The set of Dij couplings is very good, proving that the MC method can represent a novel, valid alternative to the existing spectral simplification procedures. The experimentally determined dipolar‐coupling data set is fully compatible with the 1,3‐butadiene conformational distribution reported in the literature for isolated molecules, indicating the presence of about 99 % of s‐trans conformer. With regards to the remaining 1 %, in spite of the direct and very strong dependence of the observables on the molecular structure, it was not possible to discriminate between the planar s‐cis and s‐gauche forms, both of which produce a very good fit of the dipolar couplings. Vibrational corrections, up to the anharmonic term, were applied; the calculated geometrical parameters are in good— although not exact—agreement with those reported in the literature from experimental and theoretical investigations. This result can be considered as supporting the methodology used for obtaining the structure and conformational distribution of a flexible molecule in a liquid phase.
Anforderungen und Verwendung von Umweltproduktdeklarationen aus Sicht des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik
Authors: Jasch Erich , Misch Wolfgang 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSeit Jahren ist festzustellen, dass die Nachfrage nach gesundheitlich unbedenklichen und umweltverträglichen Bauprodukten stetig zunimmt. Diese Aspekte sind mehr und mehr in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit und damit auch der Baustoffhersteller, des Baustoffhandels, der Architekten und Ingenieure, der Gebäudenutzer und Eigentümer sowie der Politik und der zuständigen Behörden gelangt. Wir haben nun Antworten zu geben auf die gestellten Fragen, haben damit einhergehenden Sorgen zu begegnen, haben Vertrauen zu schaffen in die moderne Bautechnik und ihre Produkte. In der Vergangenheit geführte Diskussionen zu Formaldehyd, Asbest, PCP und PCB – und dies sind nicht alle – mit den daraus resultierenden Sanierungsvorschriften und den erforderlichen, immens teuren Sanierungen stellen in dieser Hinsicht Rückschläge dar, weil sie das Vertrauen in Produkte, deren Verwendung, Prüfung und Überwachung nachhaltig erschüttern können.
Überarbeitung der EU‐Bauproduktenrichtlinie – Die Sicht der EOTA
Authors: Seyfert Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn Anbetracht der von der Kommission angekündigten Absicht der Überarbeitung der Bauproduktenrichtlinie hat sich auch die Europäische Organisation für Technische Zulassungen (EOTA) mit der Frage möglicher Verbesserungen der Richtlinie befasst. Die bisherigen Beratungen haben im Wesentlichen zu folgenden Ergebnissen geführt.1. Allgemeine Grundsätze und Zusammenhänge2. Ziele der Harmonisierung2.1. Einheitliche Definition, Ermittlung, Sicherung und Deklaration von Produkteigenschaften2.2. Anpassung der nationalen Vorschriften und technischen Regeln für den Entwurf und die Ausführung von Bauwerken an die harmonisierten Begriffe und Methoden3. Bedeutung der CE‐Kennzeichnung4. Harmonisierte Normen5. Europäische Technische Zulassung6. Konformitätsbescheinigung7. KoexistenzperiodenZusammenfassung
Multimodal imaging of mouse development: Tools for the postgenomic era
Authors: Dickinson Mary E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWith the sequence of the mouse genome known, it is now possible to create or identify mutations in every gene to determine the molecules necessary for normal development. Consequently, there is a growing need for advanced phenotyping tools to best understand defects produced by altering gene function. Perhaps nothing is more satisfying than to directly observe a process in action; to disturb it and see for ourselves how the process changes before our very eyes. No doubt, this desire is what drove the invention of the very first microscopes and continues to this day to fuel progress in the field of biological imaging. Because mouse embryos are small and develop embedded within many tissue layers within the nurturing environment of the mother, directly observing the dynamic, micro‐ and nanoscopic events of early mammalian development has proven to be one of the greater challenges for imaging scientists. Here, I will review some of the imaging methods being used to study mouse development, highlighting the results obtained from imaging. Developmental Dynamics 235:2386–2400, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global analysis of gene expression inXenopushindlimbs during stage‐dependent complete and incomplete regeneration
Authors: Grow Matthew , Neff Anton W. , Mescher Anthony L. , King Michael W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractXenopus laevistadpoles are capable of limb regeneration after amputation, in a process that initially involves the formation of a blastema. However,Xenopushas full regenerative capacity only through premetamorphic stages. We have used the AffymetrixXenopus laevisGenome Genechip microarray to perform a large‐scale screen of gene expression in the regeneration‐complete, stage 53 (st53), and regeneration‐incomplete, stage 57 (st57), hindlimbs at 1 and 5 days postamputation. Through an exhaustive reannotation of the Genechip and a variety of comparative bioinformatic analyses, we have identified genes that are differentially expressed between the regeneration‐complete and ‐incomplete stages, detected the transcriptional changes associated with the regenerating blastema, and compared these results with those of other regeneration researchers. We focus particular attention on striking transcriptional activity observed in genes associated with patterning, stress response, and inflammation. Overall, this work provides the most comprehensive views yet of a regenerating limb and different transcriptional compositions of regeneration‐competent and deficient tissues. Developmental Dynamics 235:2667–2685, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoic acid is required for endodermal pouch morphogenesis and not for pharyngeal endoderm specification
Authors: Kopinke Daniel , Sasine Joshua , Swift Jennifer , Stephens W. Zac , Piotrowski Tatjana 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBecause tissues from all three germ layers contribute to the pharyngeal arches, it is not surprising that all major signaling pathways are involved in their development. We focus on the role of retinoic acid (RA) signaling because it has been recognized for quite some time that alterations in this pathway lead to craniofacial malformations. Several studies exist that describe phenotypes observed upon RA perturbations in pharyngeal arch development; however, these studies did not address whether RA plays multiple roles at distinct time points during development. Here, we report the resulting phenotypes in the hindbrain, the neural crest–derived tissues, and the pharyngeal endoderm when RA synthesis is disrupted during zebrafish gastrulation and pharyngeal arch morphogenesis. Our results demonstrate that RA is required for the post‐gastrulation morphogenesis and segmentation of endodermal pouches, and that loss of RA does not affect the length of the pharyngeal ectoderm or medial endoderm along the anterior‐posterior axis. We also provide evidence that RA is not required for the specification of pharyngeal pouch endoderm and that the pharyngeal endoderm consists of at least two different cell populations, of which the pouch endoderm is sensitive to RA and the more medial pharyngeal endoderm is not. These results demonstrate that the developmental processes underlying pharyngeal arch defects differ depending on when RA signaling is disturbed during development. Developmental Dynamics 235:2695–2709, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Sulfate Ion by Potentiometric Method
Authors: Soleymanpour Ahmad , Asl Ezzat Hamidi , Nasseri Mohmmad Ali 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFour Schiff base complexes of different metal ions, M=Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), and Co(III), were studied to characterize their ability as sulfate ion carriers in carbon paste electrode (CPE). The modified CPE electrode with Schiff base complex of Cr(III), N,N′‐ethylenebis(5‐hydroxysalicylideneiminato) chromium(III) Chloride, showed good response characteristics to SO42− ion. The proposed electrode exhibits a Nernstian slope of 28.9±0.4 mV per decade for SO42− ion over a wide concentration range from 1.5×10−6−4.8×10−2 M, with a detection limit of 9.0×10−7 M. The CPE electrode manifested advantages of relatively fast response time, suitable reproducibility and life time and, most important, good potentiometric selectivity relative to a wide variety of other common inorganic anions. The potentiometric response of the electrode is independent of the pH of the test solution in the pH range 4.0–9.0. The proposed electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of sulfate with Ba2+ ion, the determination of zinc in zinc sulfate tablet and also determination of sulfate content of a mineral water sample.
Electrocatalytic Dioxygen Reduction at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Polyaniline Grafted Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Film
Authors: Manesh Kalayil Manian , Santhosh Padmanabhan , Gopalan Anantha Iyengar , Lee Kwang‐Pill 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe work details the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium on a modified electrode containing a film of polyaniline (PANI) grafted multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) over the surface of glassy carbon electrode. We have fabricated a novel modified electrode in which conducting polymer is present as connected unit to MWNT. The GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT modified electrode (ME) is fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of a mixture of amine functionalized MWNT and aniline with GC as working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry are used to demonstrate the electrocatalytic activity of the GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME. The GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR. A more positive onset potential and higher catalytic current for ORR are striking features of GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME. Rapid and high sensitivity of GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME to ORR are evident from the higher rate constant (7.92×102 M−1 s−1) value for the reduction process. Double potential chronoamperometry and rotating disk and rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) experiments are employed to investigate the kinetic parameters of ORR at this electrode. Results from RDE and RRDE voltammetry demonstrate the involvement of two electron transfer in oxygen reduction to form hydrogen peroxide in acidic media.
Chemical Reactivity of Polypyrrole and Its Relevance to Polypyrrole Based Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Maksymiuk Krzysztof 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOne of the most frequently used conducting polymers, polypyrrole, can take part in chemical processes with typical components of ambient media: oxygen, acids, bases, redox reactants, water, and organic vapors; it can also incorporate nonreactive ions and surfactants from solutions. The influence of such processes on changes of the polymer structure, composition and on possible degradation is analyzed. The benefits and disadvantages of such processes for analytical characteristic of polypyrrole based electrochemical sensors are considered. This discussion is focused on potentiometric ion sensors, where polypyrrole is either a receptor membrane or an ion‐to‐electron transducer placed between a solid state electrode support and a typical ion‐selective membrane.
Study Design for Assessing Species Environment Relationships and Developing Indicator Systems for Ecological Changesin Floodplains – The Approach of the RIVA Project
Authors: Henle Klaus , Dziock Frank , Foeckler Francis , Volker Klaus , Hüsing Volker , Hettrich Anke , Rink Marcus , Stab Sabine , Scholz Mathias 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this article the study design and data sampling of the RIVA project – “Development and Testing of a Robust Indicator System for Ecological Changes in Floodplain Systems” – are described. The project was set up to improve existing approaches to study species environment relationships as a basis for the development of indicator systems and predictive models. Periodically flooded grassland was used as a model system. It is agriculturally used at a level of intermediate intensity and is the major habitat type along the Middle Elbe, Germany. We chose a main study area to analyse species environment relationships and two reference sites for testing the transferability of the results. Using a stratified random sampling scheme, we distributed 36 study plots across the main study site and 12 plots each within the reference sites. In each of the study plots, hydrological and soil variables were measured and plants, molluscs, and carabid beetles were sampled. Hoverflies were collected on a subset of the sampling plots. A brief summary of first results is then provided. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laminin peptide‐conjugated chitosan membrane: Application for keratinocyte delivery in wounded skin
Authors: Ikemoto Shigehiro , Mochizuki Mayumi , Yamada Masanori , Takeda Akira , Uchinuma Eiju , Yamashina Shohei , Nomizu Motoyoshi , Kadoya Yuichi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTissue engineering requires the delivery and survival of cells to organ sites needing repair. Previously, we showed that an active laminin peptide (AG73: RKR‐LQVQLSIRT)‐conjugated chitosan membrane promoted cell adhesion and spreading in vitro. Here, we seeded human keratinocytes onto AG73‐chitosan membranes and found that nearly 80% of the cells were attached to the membranes within 2 h. The membranes carrying the keratinocytes were inverted and placed onto exposed muscle fascia on the backs of nude mice. After 3 days, the keratinocytes had migrated from the membrane and established a stratified epidermis‐like structure on the fascia. Cells recognize the AG73 through transmembrane proteoglycan syndecans, which recognition system has not previously been tested in tissue engineering applications. We suggest that the AG73‐chitosan membrane is useful as a therapeutic formulation and is applicable as a cell delivery system such as delivering keratinocytes to a wound bed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006