bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of gastric cancer using magnetic activated cell sorting and fluorescent activated cell sorting
Authors: Wang Gui‐Ying , Li Yong , Yu Yue‐Ming , Yu Bin , Zhang Zhen‐Ya , Liu Yu , Wang Shi‐Jie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) were employed to enrich and detect the gastric cancer cells from a cell line in a model system, and to enrich and detect disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from bone marrow (BM) of patients with gastric cancer.Methods:  Fifteen patients with benign gastric lesions and 35 patients with gastric cancer who received curative operations between December 2002 and June 2003 were selected. Mononuclear cells were separated from their BM. Cells from cell line OCUM‐2M were seeded with 10‐grade ratio into mononuclear cells from patients with benign gastric lesion. After labeling by MACS minibeads conjugated with cytokeratin (CK) 7/8 antibodies, anti‐CK‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and anti‐CD45‐perdinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP), the samples were enriched twice using an MS+/RS+ positive separation column. The FACS analysis was conducted on these samples before and after MACS enrichment. The results were analyzed using clinopathological parameters.Results:  Disseminated tumor cells were detected in the BM of 25 (71.43%) patients with gastric cancer. The frequencies of DTCs were 1.38 × 10−8–2.40 × 10−5, 2.19 × 10−7–3.70 × 10−5, 4.01 × 10−6–8.57 × 10−5 in patients with well, moderately, and poorly differentiated carcinoma, respectively (P = 0.026). Disseminated tumor cells in BM had close correlation with tumor tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.034) and cancer‐free survival (P = 0.035).Conclusion:  Disseminated tumor cells are very common in the BM of gastric cancer patients. Poor histological differentiation and more advanced TNM stage have more DTCs in the BM of gastric cancer patients. Patients with DTCs tend to have a poor prognosis.
The additive effect of ethanol and extract of cigarette smoke on rabbit esophagus epithelium
Authors: Bor Serhat , Capanoglu Doga 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim:  The combination of alcohol and smoking takes a place in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and squamous cancers of the esophagus. Therefore, a study was designed to assess the impact of these agents alone or in combination on the structure and function of squamous epithelium of rabbit esophagus.Methods:  Rabbit esophageal epithelium was mounted in Ussing Chambers, exposed luminally for ethanol (1–10%), extract of cigarette smoke (EOCS) and combinations or sequential application of these agents. An in‐vivo model was also used to mimic conditions more representative of human alcohol consumption.Results:  Ethanol (1–10%) dose dependently decreased tissue resistance. Extract of cigarette smoke caused a reduction on transepithelial potential difference (PD), short circuit current. Combinations of EOCS, ethanol (5–10% EtOH and EOCS 1–2) showed a more pronounced decrease than agents alone, mainly the result of EOCS. In vivo studies showed that EOCS administration dropped PD dose dependently. In‐vivo 10% EtOH, EOCS‐2 dropped PD (55%) similar to in‐vitro 5% EtOH, EOCS‐1. The effect was clearly additive; boluses of 10% ethanol (36%) and EOCS‐2 (17%) decreased PD and combination of agents resulted in a 55% drop on PD which is a very similar decrease compared to the sum of the separate effects of agents (53%).Conclusion:  Ethanol affected the barrier and cigarette smoke altered ion transport on rabbit esophageal epithelium under conditions reflecting human consumption. Results were consistent with in vivo and in vitro conditions except higher concentrations were needed in vivo. When applied, these agents showed an additive effect. Ethanol predisposed the tissue to the effect of EOCS.
The population prevalence of adverse concentrations and associations with adiposity of liver tests among Australian adolescents
Authors: Booth Michael L , George Jacob , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth , Okely Anthony D , Hardy Louise L , Aitken Robert , Dobbins Tim 
Published: November 2008

Aim:  Paediatric overweight has a high incidence and has serious consequences for health, including non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, very little is known about NAFLD among young people, particularly from a population perspective. This paper reports the prevalence of elevated concentrations of four liver enzymes and their associations with adiposity in a representative population sample of Australian adolescents.Methods:  Overnight fasting blood samples were collected from a representative population sample of 500 Grade 10 students (15‐years‐old) attending schools in Sydney, Australia, between February and May, 2004. Weight, height and waist girth were measured. The prevalence of adverse concentrations of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were described for all boys and girls and by body mass index (BMI) categories. The nature of the associations between the enzyme concentrations and indices of adiposity were characterised, and regression equations for estimating enzyme concentrations from BMI were prepared.Results:  The prevalence of adverse concentrations of ALT (most likely as a result of NAFLD) and GGT were approximately 10%, while the prevalence of adverse concentrations of AST and ALP were approximately 7% and 5% respectively. The prevalence of adverse concentrations of ALT, GGT and AST increased across BMI categories, while the prevalence of adverse concentrations of ALP declined across BMI categories.Conclusions:  The high prevalence of NAFLD in a population sample of healthy Australian adolescents represents a significant burden of disease.
Slowing renal function decline in chronic kidney disease patients after nephrology referral
Authors: CHEN SZU‐CHIA , CHANG JER‐MING , CHOU MING‐CHIN , LIN MING‐YEN , CHEN JUI‐HSIN , SUN JIA‐HUI , GUH JINN‐YUH , HWANG SHANG‐JYH , CHEN HUNG‐CHUN 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY:Aim:  Late referral of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to nephrologists is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is still quite common and seldom studied in Taiwan because of unique sociocultural factors. We aimed to study the decline in renal function and factors related to the change in renal function before and after referral.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 213 new referrals of patients with CKD stages 3–5 to the nephrology divisions of one medical centre and one regional hospital from 2001–2006. Data on demographics and laboratory investigations were collected for study.Results:  The rates of annual eGFR decline slowed significantly from −7.38 ± 0.84 before referral to −1.02 ± 0.45 mL/min per 1.73 m2/year after referral (mean ± standard error of the mean, P < 0.001). The nephrology referral was the most significant factor associated with the slowing of renal function progression, as was younger age and female sex. After nephrology referral, patients with diabetes had an increase in eGFR compared to those without diabetes (P = 0.034). Patients had better control of diastolic blood pressure, sugar and lipid, more frequent use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and statins, less frequent use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and more serum creatinine measurements after nephrology referral.Conclusion:  Slowing renal functional decline in CKD patients after referral addresses the importance of nephrology referral for CKD care, which should be strongly promoted in CKD prevention projects in Taiwan.
Intercultural communication in child and family health: insights from postcolonial feminist scholarship and three‐body analysis
Authors: Grant Julian , Luxford Yoni 
Published: November 2008

Concerns about intercultural communication practices in child and family health were raised during a South Australian ethnographic study. The family partnership model was observed as a universal pedagogic tool introduced into the host organisation in 2003. It has a role in shaping and reshaping cultural production within child health practice. In this study, we draw on insights from postcolonial feminist scholarship together with three‐body analysis to critique the theoretical canons of care that inform intercultural communication in the child and family health setting.We contend that although the family partnership model may be very useful, its intended universal application is problematic in the context of multiculture. Issues of race, gender and class were seemingly unattended when using a communication approach based in historical scientific rationalism. Liberal interpretations of discourses of equity and empathy arising out of contemporary models of communication were often adopted by child and family health nurses and protected them from seeing the inherent binaries that constrain practice. Insights from postcolonial feminist thinking enabled us to recognise the problems of applying theory to practice in a linear fashion. We demonstrate the use of three‐body analysis as a deconstruction strategy to refigure how theory might be understood and worked with in the multiculture that is Australia.
Sensitivity of rapid immunoassay for influenza A and B in the early phase of the disease
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Nakagawa Naoko , Ito Masahiro , Ihara Toshiaki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:  Immunochromatography (IC) tests are often used for the rapid diagnosis of influenza. Once influenza is diagnosed, an anti‐influenza drug can be administered. Physicians claim, however, that they are not sufficiently sensitive, especially in the early phase of the disease. The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze the sensitivity of the IC test from the standpoint of virology.Methods:  To evaluate the sensitivity of the IC test statistically, 736 nasopharyngeal specimens were subjected to the IC test and virus isolation (VI). The IC test (+) specimens were compared with VI (+) specimens in the early phase after fever onset. Amounts of the virus in IC(–)VI(+) specimens were compared with those in IC(+)VI(+) specimens on real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The isolated viruses from these specimens were subjected to the IC test at the same dose. The nucleotide sequences of NP genes were compared.Results:  The IC test was less sensitive for diagnosis in the early phase of the disease. Amounts of virus were significantly lower in IC(–)VI(+) specimens than in IC(+)VI(+) specimens. No variations were observed in the isolated viruses.Conclusions:  The IC test is not sufficiently sensitive owing to the low amount of virus in the nasopharyngeal tract in the early phase of the disease. Influenza should be diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms within 1 day after the fever onset.
Changes in salivary and fecal secretory IgA in infants under different feeding regimens
Authors: Maruyama Kazuo , Hida Masatoshi , Kohgo Toshiaki , Fukunaga Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:  One of the causes of food allergy in infancy is assumed to be immunological immaturity of the intestinal tract. The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in salivary and fecal secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in infants under different feeding regimens to evaluate the immunological maturity of the intestinal tract.Methods:  Thirty‐four infants were enrolled at the beginning of the study, and 28 of them were followed up to 12 months of age. sIgA was measured on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in the levels of salivary and fecal sIgA during the first 12 months of life were compared among formula‐fed infants (F group), breast–formula‐fed infants (BF group) and breast‐fed infants (B group).Results:  Salivary sIgA was detected in almost all neonates on the day of birth. Salivary sIgA was significantly higher in the F group than in the BF group at the age of 2 months (P < 0.05). Fecal sIgA appeared from day 2 and rapidly increased at 1 month of age in all groups. B group infants had significantly higher level of fecal sIgA than F group infants at 1 month of age (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The level of salivary sIgA hardly changed, whereas fecal sIgA was significantly influenced by intake of breast milk.
Involvement of the human thalamus in relational and non‐relational memory
Authors: Soei Eleonore , Koch Benno , Schwarz Michael , Daum Irene 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDamage to the human thalamus has been associated with selective anterograde recognition memory impairments. Recently, recognition memory has been subdivided into relational and non‐relational memory. The aim of the present study was to assess the potentially differential involvement of the human thalamus in relational and non‐relational memory. Ten patients with focal ischemic thalamic lesions were compared to individualized control groups of healthy subjects matched to each individual patient on age and IQ. Six patients showed poorer relational memory than their respective control samples. None of the 10 patients showed a significant deficit on the non‐relational memory task. These observations suggest an involvement of the thalamus in relational memory, and are discussed in terms of disruption of mediotemporal‐thalamic and thalamic‐fronto‐striatal circuits.
Impact of anesthetic agents on cerebrovascular physiology in children
Authors: SZABÓ ELÖD Z. , LUGINBUEHL IGOR , BISSONNETTE BRUNO 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe role of the pediatric neuroanesthetist is to provide comprehensive care to children with neurologic pathologies. The cerebral physiology is influenced by the developmental stage of the child. The understanding of the effects of anesthetic agents on the physiology of cerebral vasculature in the pediatric population has significantly increased in the past decade allowing a more rationale decision making in anesthesia management. Although no single anesthetic technique can be recommended, sound knowledge of the principles of cerebral physiology and anesthetic neuropharmacology will facilitate the care of pediatric neurosurgical patients.
Double Bladder with Complete Sagittal Septum: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: TACCIUOLI M. , LAURENTI C. , RACHELI T. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA case of double bladder with complete sagittal septum in which the excluded bladder and septum were removed (together with the silent kidney and ureter) is described.Long‐term follow‐up has confirmed the success of the operation.Cases of this rare malformation reported in the literature are reviewed and diagnosis and therapy are discussed.
Instructions to Authors The Role of Angiography in Diagnosis and Management of Blunt Renal Trauma
Authors: LIPSKY H. , PETRITSCH P. , SCHREYER H. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn a series of 223 patients with blunt renal injury, 40 patients underwent angiography. From this experience the following conclusions have been drawn:If a renal injury is suspected the IVP must be done as soon as possible. In most cases the diagnosis can be confirmed.Mild injuries should be managed conservatively and therefore need no angiography.In life endangering injury there is no time for angiography. The operation should be done preferably by a transperitoneal approach to allow good control of the renal pedicle.Patients with severe injuries should undergo angiography. If there is no function on the IVP, angiography should be done immediately to diagnose possible arterial thrombosis. In most cases angiography can be carried out some days after the trauma. This investigation provides an exact diagnosis and helps in deciding about further treatment.If a major part of the kidney has no blood supply, or there is a rupture with a large perirenal extravasation of urine, we recommend conservative surgery to avoid early and late complications. All operations should be done some days after the trauma.All patients with renal injuries, either operated or conservatively managed, should be carefully followed up.Angiography should be done in all cases of post‐traumatic hypertension.
The Place of Partial Nephrectomy in the Management of Renal Calyceal Calculi
Authors: MARSHALL V. R. , SINGH M. , TRESIDDER G. C. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn 416 patients with renal and ureteric calculi other than large staghorns we found that when it was possible to identify the calyx of origin of the stones, the lower poles were involved in 36·6% of males and 40·4% of females.In the follow up of the 115 lower poles originally containing stones the recurrence rate was 17 % in those who were merely observed, 56% in those treated by pyelo‐ or nephrolithotomy, and zero in those treated by partial nephrectomy. But when these cases were looked at more closely it was found that recurrences were virtually confined to lower poles which had originally harboured more than one stone, while in those with single stones to start with, the recurrence rate was not significantly different in either of these three groups.Partial nephrectomy should therefore be reserved for selected cases where the stones are originally multiple, or where the lower pole has been severely damaged. It is not necessary for small and single calyceal calculi.
A Simple Classification of Wide Ureters
Authors: WHITAKER ROBERT H. , JOHNSTON J. H. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA simple classification of abnormal ureters is presented which categorises the ureters according to the presence or absence of 3 factors, namely reflux, bladder outlet obstruction and ureteric obstruction. It has been devised to try to rid the literature of many confusing and obsolete terms and it is hoped that this new classification may become internationally accepted.
The Actions of Prostaglandins on the smooth muscle of the Human Urinary Tract in vitro
Authors: ABRAMS P. H. , FENELEY R. C. L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary14 experiments, 10 on bladder muscle strips and 4 on samples of ureteric muscle, were performed to examine the actions of 4 prostaglandins (PGE, PGE2, PGF1α and PGF2α) on these tissues. Each of the prostaglandins caused bladder muscle to contract and prostaglandin F2α was the most potent in this respect. The F series prostaglandins also caused increased ureteric muscle contraction whilst those of the E series inhibited contractions. It is likely that contraction is produced by the direct action of prostaglandins on urinary smooth muscle. The suggestion is made that prostaglandins may have a function in the maintenance of vesical tone.
The Effects of Drugs and Anaesthetic Agents on the Urinary Bladder and Sphincters
Authors: DOYLE P. T. , BRISCOE C. E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryMany patients undergoing urodynamic investigations have pressure studies performed under sedation or general anaesthesia. Some of the agents used are known to have effects on smooth muscle (Curreri and Gale, 1950; Burn and Epstein, 1959) and could, therefore, invalidate the results obtained. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of these agents on urethral resistance and bladder capacity.The influence of sedative, anaesthetic and neuromuscular blocking drugs on diagnostic urethral pressure profiles and cystometrograms has been investigated.These agents have marked effects on the results obtained; in particular, the urethral pressure profile was raised by opiates and lowered by anaesthetic induction agents. Bladder capacity as measured by the cystometrogram was greatly increased by halothane.These findings indicate that urodynainic studies should be performed only on conscious unsedated patients.
The Testes After Torsion
Authors: KRARUP TORBEN 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In torsion of the testis a large proportion of testes saved by surgery develop secondary atrophy.External manual reduction may be used as a first treatment, but surgical fixation is mandatory before the patient leaves the hospital.Prophylactic fixation of the contralateral testis should always be performed as 30% of the patients will otherwise develop symptoms. The preventive operation causes no discomfort to the patient and no harm to the testis.The fertility of the torsion patients is reduced. Patients treated for unilateral testicular torsion seem to have bilateral testicular abnormality resulting in decreased spermatogenesis.
Bladder Neck Incision—A Treatment for Retention with Overflow in the Absence of Adenoma
Authors: JENKINS J. D. , ALLEN N. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐five cases of outlet obstruction with decompensated bladders and minimal adenomatous enlargement were treated by transurethral bladder neck incision.The results showed that bladder neck incision was as effective as transurethral resection of bladder neck and prostate and was a useful operation, especially for the elderly uraemic patient. There were no complications and operating time was considerably less than that required for a formal transurethral resection.The operation should be reserved for cases of outflow obstruction with no or minimal adenomatous hyperplasia.
The Effect on the Bladder Pressure of Sudden Entry of Fluid into the Posterior Urethra
Authors: SUTHERST J. R. , BROWN M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The posterior urethra was stimulated by the rapid injection of saline against the urethral wall. The effect was studied in 50 female patients attending a urodynamic clinic. The injection was made via a double lumen catheter, and bladder, urethral and rectal pressures were observed during and after the ingress of fluid.The results indicate that sudden entry of fluid into the posterior urethra does not initiate a detrusor contraction even in those patients in whom the injection of fluid is painful.The relevance of these results in relation to the unstable bladder and urodynamic tests is discussed.
The Influence of Refined Carbohydrate on Urinary Calcium Excretion
Authors: THOM J. A. , MORRIS J. E. , BISHOP A. , BLACKLOCK N. J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In the course of study of the influence of varying the amount of refined carbohydrate (sugar and sugar products) in an otherwise standardised diet in 18 normal subjects it was evident that the analysis of 24‐h urine collections failed to show the profound diurnal variation in urinary electrolyte excretion and, in particular in this instance, calcium excretion.The analysis of individually voided specimens showed some normal subjects to have spontaneously high peaks of urinary calcium concentration throughout the day even whilst on a diet with low refined carbohydrate content. Increase in the refined carbohydrate content of the otherwise standardised diet caused significant increase in the number of urines with a calcium concentration above 9 mmol/l.Refined carbohydrate, a common constituent in Western diets, can therefore influence urinary electorlyte excretion in such a way that there may be an increased risk of over‐saturation with calcium oxalate.
Conservative Surgery of Renal Carcinoma: The EIRSS Experience
Authors: MARBERGRE M. , PUGH R. C. B. , AUVERT J. , BERTERMANN H. , COSTANTINI A. , GAMMELGAARD P. A. , PETTERSON S. , WICKHAM J. E. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Seventy‐two patients with renal carcinoma (RC) in a solitary kidney or bilateral synchronous tumours underwent parenchyma‐sparing excision of their neoplasms. This was performed in situin 51 and extracorporeally in 21 kidneys, with a complication rate respectively of 1 7 and 43%. The 5‐year survival rates were 78% for unilateral disease, 48% for bilateral synchronous and 38% for bilateral asynchronous disease.Survival correlated with Pcategory, grade and diameter of the tumour. Vascular invasion and spindle cells indicated a poor prognosis; the position of the tumour, oncocytic elements, calcification, lymphocytic infiltration or the predominance of clear cell or granular cells did not influence survival.