bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onset of local ordering in some copper-based alloys: critical solute concentration vis-a-vis various solutionhardening parameters
Authors: Butt Muhammad , Noshi Mozina , Bashir Farooq 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The mode of planar distribution of solute atoms in Cu single crystals alloyed with 0.5 to 8.0 at.%Ge has been investigated via the temperature dependence of the critical resolved shear stress of these alloys. It is found that there exists a critical solute concentration c
m ≈ 5 at.%Ge below which the distribution of solute atoms in the crystal is random, and above which some local ordering occurs. This together with such data available in the literature for Cu-Zn, Cu-Al and Cu-Mn alloys, i.e. c
m ≈7 at. %Zn, 7 at.%Al and 1 at.%Mn, when examined as a function of the size-misfit factor δ = (1/b)(db/dc)of a given binary alloy system, shows that the value of c
m strongly depends on δ; the smaller the magnitude of δ, the greater the value of c
m and vice versa. Also, the value of c
m is found to correlate well with the electron-to-atom ratio (e/a)of the Cu-Zn, Cu-Al, Cu-Ge and Cu-Mn alloys with the solute concentration c = c
m. However, no systematic correlation exists between the critical solute concentration c
m for the onset of local ordering and the modulus-mismatch parameter η = (1/G)(dG/dc).
Structural, dielectric, electrical and piezoelectric properties of Ba4SrRTi3V7O30 (R=Sm, Dy) ceramics
Authors: Sahoo Priyadarshini , Panigrahi Anuradha , Patri Sunanda , Choudhary Ram 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Polycrystalline samples of Ba4SrRTi3V7O30 (R=Sm and Dy), members of the tungsten-bronze family, were prepared using a high-temperature, solid-state reaction technique and studied their electrical properties (using complex impedance spectroscopy) in a wide range of temperature (31–500°C) and frequency (1 kHz-1 MHz). Preliminary structural (XRD) analyses of these compounds show the formation of single-phase, orthorhombic structures at room temperature. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) provided information on the quality of the samples and uniform distribution of grains over the entire surface of the samples. Detailed studies of the dielectric properties suggest that they have undergone ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition well above the room temperatures (i.e., 432 and 355°C for R= Sm and Dy, respectively, at frequency 100 kHz). Measurements of electrical conductivity (ac and dc) as a function of temperature suggest that the compounds have semiconducting properties much above the room temperature, with negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. The existence of ferroelectricity in these compounds was confirmed from a polarization study.
In situ study of the 41Ar plume released from the Ignalina NPP
Authors: Jasiulionis Rimvydas , Vyčinas Linas , Rožkov Andrej 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The 41Ar gamma ray radiation was registered using the in situ method in the vicinity of the Ignalina nuclear power plant (NPP). The sum of gamma rays, that are reaching the HPGe detector, situated along the wind direction, from a number of plume segments and which are registered in the energy range of about 1.29 MeV, is calculated. An independent technological regime of the operating reactor method of the determination of the 41Ar emission rate from NPP stack is introduced.
Application of asymptotic iteration method to the Khare-Mandal and its PT-symmetric QES partner potential
Authors: Özer Okan , Aslan Vedat 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We study the application of the asymptotic iteration method to the Khare-Mandal potential and its PT-symmetric partner. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for both potentials are obtained analytically. We have shown that although the quasi-exactly solvable energy eigenvalues of the Khare-Mandal potential are found to be in complex conjugate pairs for certain values of potential parameters, its PT-symmetric partner exhibits real energy eigenvalues in all cases.
Russian Ethnography
Authors: Elfimov Alexei 
Published: September 2008

An honest statement to begin with would be that the place of anthropology in Russian society is something of a relativity puzzle. Some can define its place but are not sure what exactly anthropology is. Others can define what anthropology is but are not quite sure what place it occupies. A few suppose they know both. The majority are not aware that either exists.The issue is a complex one, and I do not have a handy equation to reduce it to a single meaningful set of answers, but I will try to delineate some of the facets that shape its general contours.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rodeck Elsa , Kimura Maki , Ainley Patrick 
Published: September 2008

Rebekah Nathan (2005) My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned by Becoming a StudentReview by Elsa RodeckSteve Spencer and Malcolm Todd (eds) (2006) Reflections on Practice: Teaching ‘Race’ and Ethnicity in Further and Higher EducationReview by Maki KimuraJames Avis (2007) Education, Policy and Social Justice, Learning and SkillsReview by Patrick Ainley
Sinn und Unsinn der Anrechnung von Waldsenken im Kyoto-Protokoll (Essay) | Sense and nonsense of using forests as carbon sinks in the Kyoto Protocol (essay)
Authors: Bugmann Harald 
Published: September 2008

According to the Kyoto Protocol, biological carbon sinks can be used as a means of partially achieving national emission reduction targets. In this paper, I evaluate 1) the historical development of human impacts on the terrestrial carbon balance, 2) the resulting differences in baseline conditions in different parts of the world and for different nations, and 3) key aspects of the sustainability of accounting biological carbon sinks regarding the long-term development of the greenhouse effect.
Humankind has been influencing the greenhouse gas balance of the Earth for much longer than the past 100 to 150 years in a regionally highly differentiated manner. Forests play an important role as C sinks in most temperate zone countries today, but their sink strength results mainly from historical over-exploitation and thus should be regarded as “compensation” rather than a generic achievement of humankind in general, or forest management in particular.
Although accounting for biological C sinks for achieving national emission reduction targets appears positive at first sight, I conclude that this practice tends to obstruct problem solving, rather than fostering it. Considerations on the sustainability, ethics and efficiency and on the equitability of this accounting suggest that the two issues should be considered separately, without implying that forest protection would be of lesser importance, nor that biological C sinks would be of a marginal value.
Moderators of the association between relational aggression and perceived popularity
Authors: Puckett Marissa B. , Aikins Julie Wargo , Cillessen Antonius H.N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study, which involved two waves of measurement over a period of 12 months, examined first whether the positive association between relational aggression and two types of high status was moderated by social self‐efficacy, leadership, cooperation, and peer sociability. It was expected that relational aggressors are most likely to gain high peer group status when they are also self‐efficacious or prosocial. Second, this study examined the reciprocal association between relational aggression and high peer status. It was anticipated that relational aggression would contribute to higher perceived popularity and vice versa. Third, we also examined and hypothesized reciprocal effects between social self‐efficacy, leadership, cooperation, and peer sociability and perceived popularity. Youth were 540 13–15 year olds participating in Grade 7 (Time 1) and again 1 year later in Grade 8 (Time 2). Data were collected from peers, teachers, and the adolescents themselves. Consistent with expectations, relationally aggressive adolescents high in social self‐efficacy, leadership, cooperation, and peer sociability were higher in status than relationally aggressive individuals with low levels of these characteristics. In addition, relational aggression and perceived popularity reciprocally influenced each other. Finally, social self‐efficacy, leadership, cooperation, and peer sociability reciprocally influenced and were influenced by perceived popularity. Aggr. Behav. 34:563–576, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A transient permeation‐based method for composite zeolite membranes characterization
Authors: Courthial L. , Baudot A. , Tayakout‐Fayolle M. , Jallut C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn in situ nondestructive characterization method for zeolite composite membranes, based on transient permeation experiments, is proposed in the present article. This technique allows an accurate evaluation of the zeolite selective layer thickness as well as the thermodynamic and transport properties of sorbing hydrocarbons. To this end, a dynamic model representing mass transport phenomena within the whole permeating module is derived. In order to get the crystal layer properties, a two‐step experimental approach is required. The zeolite layer effective thickness is first estimated with the permeation of a nonadsorbing species like hydrogen. Then, the adsorption equilibrium constants and the diffusion coefficients of butane isomers are determined. Three membranes obtained by different synthesis procedures are studied in the Henry domain. The estimated values of the equilibrium constants and diffusion coefficients for normal butane and isobutane are favorably compared with existing literature data. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Experimental study of SnO2/SnO/Sn thermochemical systems for solar production of hydrogen
Authors: Charvin Patrice , Abanades Stéphane , Lemont Florent , Flamant Gilles 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA novel two‐step thermochemical water‐splitting cycle based on SnO2/SnO is proposed from the detailed study of the whole tin oxide systems involving three redox pairs. The thermal reduction of tin(IV) oxide occurs in the temperature range 1400–1600°C following a zero order kinetic law of Arrhenius with an activation energy of 394.8 kJ mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 8.32 × 108 g s−1 at atmospheric pressure. The operating conditions that prevent gaseous stannous oxide (SnO) from recombining with O2 are defined. The effect of a quenching device (water‐cooled finger) is negligible whereas operation at low total pressure or low O2 and SnO partial pressures leads to nearly pure SnO product. The comparison of SnO and metallic tin hydrolysis in a fixed bed reactor reveals a higher reaction rate in the case of SnO. Hydrolysis of these reduced compounds shows nearly complete conversion producing hydrogen by a solid/gas reaction proceeding at moderate temperature, thus easy to implement in a common reactor technology. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Genetic predictors of depressive symptoms in cardiac patients
Authors: McCaffery Jeanne M. , Duan Qing Ling , Frasure‐Smith Nancy , Barhdadi Amina , Lespérance Francois , Théroux Pierre , Rouleau Guy A. , Dubé Marie‐Pierre 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNumerous studies suggest that the prevalence of depression is greater among cardiac patients than in the general population. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility of genetic contributions to depressive symptoms in cardiac patients. We conducted a candidate gene study focusing on genes related to inflammation, platelet aggregation, endothelial function and omega‐3 fatty acid metabolism as predictors of depressive symptoms among 977 participants with established cardiovascular disease. Results suggested that genetic variation related to endothelial dysfunction is predictive of depressive symptoms and that endothelial dysfunction may be a novel mechanism contributing to depressive symptoms among cardiac patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failure to confirm genetic association of the CHI3L1 gene with schizophrenia in Japanese and Chinese populations
Authors: Yamada Kazuo , Hattori Eiji , Iwayama Yoshimi , Toyota Tomoko , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Iwata Yasuhide , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Sugihara Genichi , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Okazaki Yuji , Yoshikawa Takeo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecently, three common polymorphisms in the promoter region of the Chitinase 3‐Like 1 (CHI3L1) gene, rs6691378, rs10399805 and rs4950928, have been identified as schizophrenia predisposing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Han Chinese population. The at‐risk haplotype comprising these SNPs was also related to decreased expression of CHI3L1 in peripheral blood cells. In contrast, two independent postmortem brain studies have reported elevated expression of the transcript in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, from schizophrenic patients. The gene encodes a secreted glycoprotein (HC‐gp39 or YKL40), which is deemed to be involved in the inflammatory process. These pieces of evidence signify the potential importance of CHI3L1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to replicate the prior genetic association findings using two sample sets, one set of Chinese samples (293 pedigrees consisting of 1,163 subjects) that are ethnically identical to those used in the original report and a second set from the relatively close Japanese population (570 schizophrenic patients and 570 matched controls). We analyzed the same five SNPs as in the original study, including the three promoter SNPs. None of these SNPs showed association signals with schizophrenia (P values >0.108) in our sample sets. These results suggest that the genetic contribution of CHI3L1 to schizophrenia is variable, even though it is mechanistically involved in the disease process. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographic distribution and possible taxonomic distinction ofCallicebus torquatuspopulations (Pitheciidae: Primates) in Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: Aquino Rolando , Terrones Wagner , Cornejo Fanny , Heymann Eckhard W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPopulation densities of yellow‐handed titi monkey (Callicebus torquatus) were estimated using transect census methods. Densities were 2.8 individuals/km2in the upper Rio Itaya basin and 2.5 individuals/km2in the lower Rio Algodón basin. Group size varied from two to five individuals, with an average of 2.9 individuals per group at the Rio Itaya. Groups were generally composed of two adults, probably the reproductive pair, with progeny from one to three previous birth seasons. Although the Rio Itaya population is phenotypically identical to populations from the rivers Nanay and Tigre, it differs from population on the rivers Napo and Putumayo. This suggests the existence of two disjunct populations ofC. torquatusin Peruvian Amazonia whose taxonomic status warrants further examination. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1181–1186, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees
Authors: Fraser Orlaith N. , Aureli Filippo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractConflicts of interest arise regularly in the lives of all group‐living animals and may escalate into aggressive conflicts. The costs of aggressive escalation can be reduced through peaceful postconflict interactions. This study investigated the postconflict behavior of 22 adult chimpanzees at Chester Zoo. The occurrence of reconciliation, i.e. the postconflict affiliative reunion between conflict opponents, and consolation, i.e. a postconflict affiliative interaction directed from a third party to the recipient of aggression, were demonstrated. Consolation was more likely to occur in the absence of reconciliation than after reconciliation, and reconciliation was more likely to occur in the absence of consolation than after consolation, supporting the hypothesis that consolation acts as a substitute for reconciliation when the latter fails to occur. Evidence for behavioral specificity, i.e. context‐specific use of certain behaviors, was found for both reconciliation and consolation, which, along with high conciliatory tendencies, suggests an explicit style of postconflict behavior in the study subjects. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1114–1123, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of stone handling behavior in two macaque species: implications for the role of phylogeny and environment in primate cultural variation
Authors: Nahallage Charmalie AD , Huffman Michael A 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study describes the stone handling (SH) behavior of captive rhesus macaques and compares it with that of a captive troop of Japanese macaques with reference to the relative contributions of phylogeny‐driven behavioral propensities, environmental differences and socially facilitated learning to the formation of culture. These systematically collected data demonstrate for the first time that two closely related macaque species might share a common cultural behavior, SH. The rhesus troop displayed SH behavioral patterns that was already described in Japanese macaque troops. The one exception was a new pattern not yet seen in any Japanese macaque troop. Differences in the physical environment of the two study enclosures may be responsible for some of the variation in observed SH behavioral patterns in these two troops. These data support the idea that environmental factors can be important for the formation of cultural variation, when the key materials needed to perform the behavior are present in both habitats (stones). Our results are consistent with the prediction made by Huffman and Hirata [The biology of tradition: Models and evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 267–296] that an interactive triad of phylogenetic, environmental and social factors can be responsible for the formation of cultural variation in primates. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1124–1132, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring physical traits of primates remotely: the use of parallel lasers
Authors: Rothman Jessica M. , Chapman Colin A. , Twinomugisha Dennis , Wasserman Michael D. , Lambert Joanna E. , Goldberg Tony L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPhysical traits, such as body size, and processes like growth can be used as indices of primate health and can add to our understanding of life history and behavior. Accurately measuring physical traits in the wild can be challenging because capture is difficult, disrupts animals, and may cause injury. To measure physical traits of arboreal primates remotely, we adapted a parallel laser technique that has been used with terrestrial and marine mammals. Two parallel lasers separated by a known distance (4 cm) and mounted onto a digital camera are projected onto an animal. When a photograph is taken, the laser projections on the target provide a scale bar. We validated the technique for measuring the physical traits of identifiable red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. First, we photographed the tails of monkeys with laser projections and compared these with measurements previously obtained when the animals were captured. Second, we manually measured the distance between two markers placed on tree branches at similar heights to those used by monkeys, and compared them with the measurements obtained through digital photographs of the markers with parallel laser projections. The mean tail length of the monkeys via manual measurements was 63.3±4.4 cm, and via remote measurements was 63.0±4.1 cm. The mean distance between the markers on tree branches via manual measurements was 13.8±3.59 cm, and via remote measurements was 13.9±3.58 cm. The mean error using parallel lasers was 1.7% in both cases. Although the needed precision will depend on the question asked, our results suggest that sufficiently precise measurements of physical traits or substrates of arboreal primates can be obtained remotely using parallel lasers. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1191–1195, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bifurkationen auf den Potentialenergiehyperflächen organischer Reaktionen
Authors: Ess Daniel H. , Wheeler Steven E. , Iafe Robert G. , Xu Lai , Çelebi‐Ölçüm Nihan , Houk Kendall N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEin einziger Übergangszustand kann zu mehreren Zwischenstufen oder Produkten führen, wenn sich der Reaktionsweg nach dem Übergangszustand gabelt. Solche Gabelungen (Bifurkationen) entstehen beim Vorliegen sequenzieller Übergangszustände ohne dazwischenliegendem Energieminimum. Die Selektivität dieser Reaktionen wird nicht von der Energetik des Übergangszustands, sondern von der Form der Potentialenergiehyperfläche und von dynamischen Effekten gesteuert. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden jüngste Untersuchungen von organischen Reaktionen mit Reaktionswegbifurkationen vorgestellt. Diese Bifurkationen sind überraschend häufig und wirken sich auf experimentell bestimmbare Größen wie kinetische Isotopeneffekte und Produktverteilungen aus.
Surface plasmon resonance studies on molecularly imprinted films
Authors: Yoshikawa Masakazu , Guiver Michael D. , Robertson Gilles P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNovel molecular recognition films were prepared from modified polysulfone having perillaldehyde moiety as a side group. The molecular recognition films were obtained from perillaldehyde polysulfone by adopting 9‐ethyladenine as a print molecule. The molecular recognition phenomena were studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Adsorption of adenosine (As) and guanosine (Gs) in the molecularly imprinted film was studied. Dual adsorption isotherms were observed for As in 9‐EA imprinted films, while nonspecific adsorption isotherms for Gs in those films. This revealed that the molecular recognition sites toward As were constructed in the films thus prepared. The apparent affinity constant toward As determined by using apparent adsorption isotherms ranged from 7.90 × 103 to 3.31 × 104 mol−1 dm3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mixed morphology by the extrusion of phase‐separated blends of a melt‐processed polymer and polymer solution
Authors: Drew Christopher , Bosselman Suzanne , Ziegler David 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe phase behavior and structure development in immiscible blends of melt‐extruded polycaprolactone and a viscous aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution were investigated. The coextrusion of an aqueous polymer solution and a molten polymer is a largely unexplored technique and offers exciting potential for creating new materials via the execution of chemical reactions in the aqueous phase. Samples were prepared both with and without a block copolymer acting as a surface‐active agent. The resulting morphology was characterized with scanning electron microscopy after the removal of the water‐soluble phase. Spheres, rods, fibers, and cocontinuous gyroidal structures were observed, yet the exact phase inversion was not observed, and the changes in the feature shape depended on which component composed the major phase. Significant orientation in the flow direction was observed when the less viscous poly(ethylene oxide) was the major phase, whereas orientation was minimal when polycaprolactone was the major phase. These observations indicate that control of the feature shape and orientation may be accomplished through the control of the viscosity. The spontaneous formation of an outer layer of polycaprolactone in all samples was observed, suggesting that the morphology could be induced by control of the material interaction with the extruder die wall. The inclusion of a diblock copolymer significantly reduced the feature size but did not alter the morphology type. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008