bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobiloization of intracellular calcium ions in chicken and rat lymphocytes induced by T cell mitogens
Authors: GERILECHAOGETU  , NARAHARA Kiyoaki , ABE Asaki , KONDO Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTCytosolic Ca2+is known to be an important factor in intracellular signaling pathways that regulate several cellular functions. The present study was designed to measure the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+([Ca2+]i) in T cell mitogen‐stimulated chicken lymphocytes, and to compare the results with those in rat lymphocytes. [Ca2+]iwas increased in the thymocytes, splenocytes and bursacytes of chickens, and in the thymocytes and splenocytes of rats following exposure to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA). Increases were greatest in the thymocytes followed by the splenocytes and bursacytes. The PHA‐induced changes in the thymocytes and splenocytes were similar in chickens and rats, but the ConA‐induced increases were significantly lower in the chickens than rats. Pretreatment with EGTA before the application of PHA and ConA completely suppressed the rise in [Ca2+]iin all the chicken lymphocytes, indicating that the increases that occurred in PHA‐ and ConA‐treated chicken lymphocytes could be entirely attributed to the influx of extracellular Ca2+. On the other hand, the PHA‐ and ConA‐induced increase in [Ca2+]iin rat lymphocytes was not completely suppressed by EGTA, indicating the recruitment of Ca2+from the intracellular Ca2+pool. The results suggest species differences in the Ca2+‐based responses to T cell mitogens between chicken lymphocytes and rat lymphocytes.
Modelling water and salt transport in a soil–water–plant system under different groundwater tables
Authors: Xu Ligang , Yang Jingsong , Zhang Qi , Niu Hailin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSalinization in a soil–water–plant system is an important environmental issue that has caused public concerns. In this study, field column experiments are conducted to study the transport of water and salt in soils affected by hydrologic circle and plant growth. A soil water and salt transport model (SWSTM) is developed and calibrated for predicting the behaviour of water and salt in a soil–water–plant system. The model takes into account water and solute uptake by crop roots and migration to groundwater. The experiment results demonstrate that the rise of the groundwater table enhances the movement of water and results in the accumulation of salt at a layer of 45 cm depth. With the decline of the groundwater table, the amount of accumulated salt increases correspondingly. The simulation results demonstrate that the SWSTM adequately predicts the water and salt transport in a soil–crop–plant system under different groundwater tables. The use of SWSTM will help to reveal the mechanism of water and salt transport in a soil–water–plant system. The SWSTM can also serve as a useful tool in evaluating the impact of agricultural activities and formulating efficient water management strategies in China.
The reliability of point‐of‐care prothrombin time testing. A comparison of CoaguChek S® and XS® INR measurements with hospital laboratory monitoring
Authors: RYAN F. , O’SHEA S. , BYRNE S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe development of point‐of‐care (POC) testing devices enables patients to test their own international normalized ratio (INR) at home. However, previous studies have shown that when compared with clinical laboratory values, statistically significant differences may occur between the two methods of INR measurement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the CoaguChek S® and XS® POC meters relative to clinical laboratory measurements. As part of a randomized, crossover patient self‐testing (PST) study at Cork University Hospital, patients were randomized to 6 months PST or 6 months routine care by the anticoagulation management service. During the PST arm of the study, patients measured their INR at home using the CoaguChek S® or XS® POC meter. External quality control was performed at enrolment, 2 months and 4 months by comparing the POC measured INR with the laboratory determined value. One hundred and fifty‐one patients provided 673 paired samples. Good correlation was shown between the two methods of determination (r = 0.91), however, statistically significant differences did occur. A Bland–Altman plot illustrated good agreement of INR values between 2.0 and 3.5 INR units but there was increasing disagreement as the INR rose above 3.5. Eighty‐seven per cent of all dual measurements were within the recommended 0.5 INR units of each other. This study adds to the growing evidence that POC testing is a reliable and safe alternative to hospital laboratory monitoring but highlights the importance of external quality control when these devices are used for monitoring oral anticoagulation.
Participación de los adultos mayores en el mercado laboral argentino: un modelo de valor de opción
Authors: Alós Marcelo , Apella Ignacio , Grushka Carlos , Muiños Marcelo 
Published: November 2008

ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es definir los factores que determinan las decisiones de los adultos mayores de seguir participando en el mercado laboral de la Argentina. Se ha desarrollado un modelo de valor de opción. Este modelo se utiliza para producir estimaciones basadas en los microdatos extraídos de encuestas de hogares, que vienen a indicar la importancia relativa del impacto de las condiciones que rigen la elegibilidad para las prestaciones en las decisiones de permanecer en un empleo activo. La trayectoria laboral se constituye en el factor fundamental de tales decisiones. Asimismo, la insuficiencia de prestaciones de seguridad social y la acumulación de capital humano generan incentivos para la participación económica en la vejez. En base a estos resultados, se proponen ajustes compensatorios de las políticas, para mejorar la cobertura, elevar los niveles de prestaciones y mejorar las condiciones de empleo de los adultos mayores.
The Retrospective Annual Surgical Incidence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sivas, Turkey
Authors: Gonlugur U. , Ozcelik S. , Gonlugur T. E. , Arici S. , Celiksoz A. , Elagoz S. , Cevit R. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryCystic echinococcosis is an important public health problem in our region. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical incidence of cystic echinococcosis in Sivas, Turkey. A retrospective follow‐up study was carried out between 1997 and 2004. The mean age of 124 men (39.2%) and 192 women was 36.4 years. The liver was the primary site of cyst development (76.6%), followed by the lungs (19.9%), the spleen (5.4%), the kidneys (3.5%) and the peritoneal cavity (3.2%). Mean annual surgical incidence was 6.4 per 100 000 inhabitants for a 7‐year period. The most common site of recurrence was the liver. Hepatic cysts were more frequently infected than pulmonary cysts (P < 0.05). In those patients with an infected cyst, the mean circulating eosinophil level was significantly lower than in those without. Rupture and infection were more common in men (P < 0.01). In conclusion, serious structural, legislative, surveillance, prevention and control measures for echinooccus should be undertaken in our region.
On the independence of the generators of tautological rings
Authors: Arcara D. , Lee Y.-P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe prove that all monomials of κ-classes and ψ-classes are independent in $R^k({\overline {\cal M}}_{g,n})/R^k(\partial {\overline {\cal M}}_{g,n})$ for all $k \leqslant [g/3]$. We also give a simple argument for $\kappa _l \neq 0$ in Rl(ℳg) for $l \leqslant g-2$.
Geochronological constraints on the Late Proterozoic to Cambrian crustal evolution of eastern Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica: a synthesis of SHRIMP U-Pb age and Nd model age data
Authors: Shiraishi Kazuyuki , Dunkley Daniel J. , Hokada Tomokazu , Fanning C. Mark , Kagami Hiroo , Hamamoto Takuji 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

In eastern Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, there are several discrete, isolated magmatic and high-grade metamorphic regions. These are, from west (
c.
20°E) to east (
c.
50°E), the Sør Rondane Mountains (SRM), Yamato–Belgica Complex (YBC), Lützow-Holm Complex (LHC), Rayner Complex (RC) and Napier Complex (NC). To understand this region in a Gondwanan context, one must distinguish between Pan-African and Grenvillian aged magmatic and metamorphic events. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon ages and Nd model ages for metamorphic and plutonic rocks are examined in conjunction with published geological and petrological studies of the various terranes. In particular, the evolution of the SRM is examined in detail. Compilation of Nd model ages for new and published data suggests that the main part of eastern Dronning Maud Land, including the SRM, represents juvenile late Mesoproterozoic (
c.
1000–1200 Ma) crust associated with minor fragments of an older continental component. Evidence for an Archaean component in the basement of the SRM is lacking. As for central DML, 1100–1200 Ma extensive felsic magmatism is recognized in the SRM. Deposition of sediments during or after magmatism and possible metamorphism at 800–700 Ma is recognized from populations of detrital zircon in metasedimentary rocks. The NE Terrane of the SRM, along with the YBC, was metamorphosed under granulite-facies conditions at
c.
600–650 Ma. The SW and NE Terranes of the SRM were brought together during amphibolite-facies metamorphism at
c.
570 Ma, and share a common metamorphic and magmatic history from that time. High-grade metamorphism was followed by extensive A-type granitoid activity and contact metamorphism between 560 and 500 Ma. In contrast, T
DM
and inherited zircon core ages suggest that the LHC is a collage of protoliths with a variety of Proterozoic and Archaean sources. Later peak metamorphism of the LHC at 520–550 Ma thus represents the final stage of Gondwanan amalgamation in this section of East Antarctica.
Contrasting metamorphicP–Tpath between Schirmacher Hills and Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Baba S. , Owada M. , Shiraishi K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRetrograde metamorphicP–Tpaths of garnet–pyroxene-bearing mafic gneisses from three regions in central Dronning Maud Land (CDML) were examined. No difference inP–Tconditions estimated from rocks of the three regions was recognized, and they are within the range ofc.6–8 kbar, 750–830 °C. However, localities in the Mühlig-Hofmann Range (Filchnerfjella and Jutulsessen) preserve rocks with mineral textures that indicate near-isothermal decompressional histories. In the Schirmacher Hills, an isolated exposure on the Princess Astrid Coast, metamorphic texture observed in mafic gneiss is indicative of an isobaric cooling history. Combining theirP–Tpaths and age determinations suggests that the Schirmacher Hills was a separate terrane, together with present-day SE Africa, whereas the Grenvillian-age east–west-trending CDML inland nunatak regions are characterized by an isothermal decompressional metamorphic history related to the final amalgamation of Gondwana.
Early Palaeozoic orogenic collapse and voluminous late-tectonic magmatism in Dronning Maud Land and Mozambique: insights into the partially delaminated orogenic root of the East African–Antarctic Orogen?
Authors: Jacobs Joachim , Bingen Bernard , Thomas Robert J. , Bauer Wilfried , Wingate Michael T. D. , Feitio Paulino 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe late tectonic history of the southern part of the Late Neoproterozoic–Early Palaeozoic East African–Antarctic Orogen (EAAO) is characterized by lateral extrusion, extensional collapse and large volumes of high-temperature A2-type granitoids. This late-tectonic igneous province covers an area more than 15 000 km2of the EAAO in Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica) and its northerly continuation as the Nampula Complex of NE Mozambique. The magmatic province is bounded in the north by the Lurio Belt. New secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb analyses of zircons from two major late-tectonic granitoid intrusions from Dronning Maud Land indicate crystallization ages of 501±7 and 499±4 Ma, whereas a major extensional shear zone was dated at 507±9 Ma. New SIMS zircon U–Pb analyses of late-tectonic granitoid sheets and plutons from the Nampula Province indicate ages of 512±4, 508±4, 508±2 and 507±3 Ma. Consequently, the late-tectonic magmatism can be bracketed betweenc. 530 and 485 Ma. It started with small gabbro bodies emplaced atc. 530–520 Ma, culminated with the intrusion of major granite–charnockite plutons atc. 510–500 Ma and terminated with the introduction of small volumes of sheet-like granite atc. 485 Ma. The new dates demonstrate that extensional shearing and granitoid intrusion are synchronous, and that orogenic collapse and the magmatism are related. We ascribe the distribution, structural style, geochemical composition and age of the late magmatic province to a process of partial delamination of the orogenic root in the southern third of the EAAO. It remains to be tested whether there is a relationship between orogenic collapse–granitoid magmatism and south-directed escape tectonics in the southernmost EAAO.
Post-peak (<530 Ma) thermal history of Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica, based on Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd mineral chronology
Authors: Miyamoto Tomoharu , Satish-Kumar M. , Dunkley Daniel J. , Osanai Yasuhito , Yoshimura Yasutaka , Motoyoshi Yoichi , Carson Christopher J. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd mineral dating of metamorphic rocks from Skallen, Skallevikshalsen and Rundvågshetta, in the southwestern part of the Lützow-Holm Complex, Dronning Maud Land, assists in constructing a thermal history after peak metamorphism. The results fall into two groups: (1) a record of regional cooling after peak metamorphism (524–488 Ma); (2) local resetting 50–80 Ma after peak metamorphism (474–446 Ma). This grouping is consistently observed in published ages from various localities in the Lützow-Holm Complex. A Sm–Nd age of 524 Ma is indistinguishable from published zircon and monazite ages. Ages of 511 and 488 Ma are related to cooling after peak metamorphism. The younger age group overlaps with ages of post-metamorphic magmatism and related hydrothermal activity reported from localities throughout East Antarctica. This intracontinental, post-orogenic igneous activity continued after the tectonic assembly of Gondwana.
Lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D protects against alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Qiao Liyan , Hamamichi Shusei , Caldwell Kim A , Caldwell Guy A , Yacoubian Talene A , Wilson Scott , Xie Zuo-Lei , Speake Lisa D , Parks Rachael , Crabtree Donna , Liang Qiuli , Crimmins Stephen , Schneider Lonnie , Uchiyama Yasuo , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Zhou Yi , Peng Lisheng , Lu YouMing , Standaert David G , Walls Ken C , Shacka John J , Roth Kevin A , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: November 2008

Abstractα-synuclein (α-syn) is a main component of Lewy bodies (LB) that occur in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with LB (DLB) and multi-system atrophy. α-syn mutations or amplifications are responsible for a subset of autosomal dominant familial PD cases, and overexpression causes neurodegeneration and motor disturbances in animals. To investigate mechanisms for α-syn accumulation and toxicity, we studied a mouse model of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D (CD) deficiency, and found extensive accumulation of endogenous α-syn in neurons without overabundance of α-syn mRNA. In addition to impaired macroautophagy, CD deficiency reduced proteasome activity, suggesting an essential role for lysosomal CD function in regulating multiple proteolytic pathways that are important for α-syn metabolism. Conversely, CD overexpression reduces α-syn aggregation and is neuroprotective against α-syn overexpression-induced cell death in vitro. In aC. elegansmodel, CD deficiency exacerbates α-syn accumulation while its overexpression is protective against α-syn-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mutated CD with diminished enzymatic activity or overexpression of cathepsins B (CB) or L (CL) is not protective in the worm model, indicating a unique requirement for enzymatically active CD. Our data identify a conserved CD function in α-syn degradation and identify CD as a novel target for LB disease therapeutics.
Inhibition of hepatocelluar carcinoma MAT2A and MAT2beta gene expressions by single and dual small interfering RNA
Authors: Wang Qun , Liu Quan-yan , Liu Zhi-Su , Qian Qun , Sun Quan , Pan Ding-yu 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been successfully applied in suppression of hepatic cancer genes. In hepatocelluar carcinoma cell, one methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) isozyme, MATII was found to have two catalytic subunits which were encoded by MAT2A and MAT2β respectively. During tumorigeness of hepatocelluar carcinoma, expressions of the two genes were discovered to be increased combining with a switch of MAT (form MATI to MATII), To figure out the role played by MATII in hepatic cancer, In this study, for the first time we established a dual small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system, which could simultaneously express two different siRNA molecules specifically targeting two genes. To test the effectiveness of this system, we applied this approach to express simultaneously two different siRNA duplexes that specifically target MAT2A and MAT2β genes of hepatocelluar carcinoma respectively in HepG2 cell. Results indicated that dual siRNA could simultaneously inhibit the expression of MAT2A and MAT2β gene by 89.5% and 97.8% respectively, In addition, dual siRNA molecules were able to significantly suppress growth of hepatocelluar carcinoma cell in vitro as well as induce apoptosis which was involved in arrest cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint and the expressions of p21, p27 and Bax.
Chemotherapy Treatments for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Is Evidence-Based Medicine in Practice?
Authors: Field Kathryn M. , Kosmider Suzanne , Jefford Michael , Jennens Ross , Green Michael , Gibbs Peter 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: The optimal regimen for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain. We sought to document clinicians' treatment recommendations and determine the motivation behind them. Materials and Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to all members of the Medical Oncology Group of Australia concerning chemotherapy treatment options in the setting of metastatic CRC. Results: The response rate was 59.7% (n = 188). One hundred sixty-two physicians (86%) treated patients with CRC. Of the 162 physicians, 92.6% (n = 150) recommended oxaliplatin-based regimens as first-line treatment for CRC due to perceived superior efficacy (66.9%; n = 107) or toxicity profile (17%; n = 27). Fluorouracil (FU), leucovorin (LV), and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX6) was the most popular regimen (59.3%; n = 98). Calcium and magnesium to prevent oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity was routinely used by 34.6% of physicians (n = 56) from cycle 1. Despite the lack of phase III data at the time, 8.6% of physicians (n = 14) selected capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) a preferred first-line regimen; 61.7% of physicians (n = 100) recommended FU, LV, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) second-line treatment. Concerning LV dose, one third of physicians (33.3%; n = 54) selected 20 mg/m2 and one third of physicians (32.7%, n = 53) selected 200 mg/m2, with 25.3% of physicians (n = 41) using a fixed 50 mg bolus. Conclusion: This survey demonstrated considerable variation regarding recommended chemotherapy for patients with metastatic CRC. Of considerable concern is the use of calcium and magnesium based on retrospective data alone. Given that this variation in practice may significantly impact patient outcomes, additional studies are required to improve understanding of physician attitudes and the motivations behind treatment decision making.
Development and initial evaluation of a smart resistance training system
Authors: West A A , Smith J D , McLeod C S 
Published: November 2008

Resistance training equipment is designed to provide specific groups of muscles with an artificially high stress input for short durations. In the sports and, in particular, the rehabilitation domains, control and customization of the applied torque and velocity profiles applied to the musculoskeletal system is desired, since individual biomechanics, training, and rehabilitation requirements and capabilities differ. A ‘smart training system’ (STS) that supports a unique resistance profile generation and control capability is discussed in this paper. Any resistance profile, i.e. combinations of torques, velocities, and positions, can be generated by either user calibration activities, e.g. via isometric and isokinetic exercises, or designed, e.g. inertial load emulation via integrated profile design software, and utilized within the system. Since the STS is capable of providing either passive braking, e.g. isotonic, isometric, or active driving, e.g. isokinetic eccentric, resistances, safe operation is paramount. Integrated profile monitoring software (to ensure that the user never exceeds calibrated capability) and mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical safety systems are utilized within the STS. Control and monitoring of torque—velocity—position profiles enables unique exercise modes to be designed and implemented. A novel exercise mode (termed ‘variokinetic’) is discussed in this paper that supports an active (or passive) resistance based upon the instantaneous torque, velocity, and position requirements of the musculoskeletal joint. The value of this mode is not established in this paper; only a demonstration of the capability of the system to support these variokinetic profiles, and, hence, support future sports or rehabilitation specific resistance profile training. Preliminary results are reported that indicate the software and hardware systems are capable of providing the desired real-time actuation and feedback capabilities, and could, if developed further, provide a wide range of users with an efficient and effective alternative to existing exercise methods and machines.