bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive resilience/reserve: Myth or reality? A review of definitions and measurement methods
Authors: Pappalettera Chiara , Carrarini Claudia , Miraglia Francesca , Vecchio Fabrizio , Rossini Paolo M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis review examines the concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in relation to brain aging, particularly in the context of dementia and its early stages. CR refers to an individual's ability to maintain or regain cognitive function despite brain aging, damage, or disease. Various factors, including education, occupation complexity, leisure activities, and genetics are believed to influence CR.METHODSWe revised the literature in the context of CR. A total of 842 articles were identified, then we rigorously assessed the relevance of articles based on titles and abstracts, employing a systematic approach to eliminate studies that did not align with our research objectives.RESULTSWe evaluate—also in a critical way—the methods commonly used to define and measure CR, including sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures. The challenges and limitations of these measures are discussed, emphasizing the need for more targeted research to improve the understanding, definition, and measurement of CR.CONCLUSIONSThe review underscores the significance of comprehending CR in the context of both normal and pathological brain aging and emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation in both healthy and neurologically impaired older individuals.Highlights
This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve in brain aging, in the context of dementia and its early stages.
We have evaluated the methods commonly used to define and measure cognitive reserve.
Sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures are discussed.
The review emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation.
APOE ε4 is associated with decreased synaptic density in cognitively impaired participants
Authors: He Kun , Li Binyin , Wang Jie , Wang Ying , You Zhiwen , Chen Xing , Chen Haijuan , Li Junpeng , Huang Qi , Guo Qihao , Huang Yiyun Henry , Guan Yihui , Chen Kewei , Zhao Jun , Deng Yulei , Xie Fang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe aimed to investigate the effect of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE) ε4 on synaptic density in cognitively impaired (CI) participants.METHODSOne hundred ten CI participants underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F‐florbetapir and synaptic density PET with 18F‐SynVesT‐1. We evaluated the influence of APOE ε4 allele on synaptic density and investigated the effects of ε4 genotype on the associations of synaptic density with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. The mediation effects of AD biomarkers on ε4‐associated synaptic density loss were analyzed.RESULTSCompared with non‐carriers, APOE ε4 allele carriers exhibited significant synaptic loss in the medial temporal lobe. Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology mediated the effects of APOE ε4 on synaptic density to different extents. The associations between synaptic density and tau pathology were regulated by the APOE ε4 genotype.DISCUSSIONThe APOE ε4 allele was associated with decreased synaptic density in CI individuals and may be driven by AD biomarkers.
Heterodyne‐Detektierte Summenfrequenzerzeugungs‐Vibrationsspektroskopie Enthüllt die Molekulare Struktur des Wassers an der Suspendierten Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Tang Fujie , Yu Xiaoqing , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGraphen, ein transparentes, zweidimensionales, leitfähiges Material, hat verschiedenen wässrigen technologischen Systemen, wie Entsalzungsmembranen, chemischen Sensoren, Energiespeichern und Energieumwandlungsgeräten, neue Perspektiven eröffnet. Informationen auf molekularer Ebene von Graphen im Kontakt mit wässrigen Elektrolyten, wie z. B. Wasserorientierung und die Struktur von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, sind jedoch nach wie vor schwer fassbar oder umstritten. Hier setzen wir oberflächenspezifische heterodyne detektierte Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (HD‐SFG) ein, um die molekulare Wasserstruktur an einer frei schwebenden Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche zu untersuchen.Wir vergleichen die Antwort des Luft/Graphen/Wasser Systems mit der der Luft/Wasser‐Grenzfläche. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das
‐Spektrum, des Luft/Graphen/Wasser‐Systems von den obersten 1–2 Wasserschichten in Kontakt mit Graphen herrührt, wobei das Graphen selbst keine signifikantes SFG‐Signal erzeugt. Im Vergleich zum Signal an der Luft/Wassergrenzfläche beeinflusst das Vorhandensein von Monolagen‐Graphen Wasser an der Grenzfläche nur schwach. Graphen wirkt sich schwach auf die hängende O−H‐Gruppe aus, indem es ihre Frequenz durch die Wechselwirkung mit der Graphenschicht senkt, und hat eine geringe Wirkung auf die Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundene O−H‐Gruppe. Molekulardynamiksimulationen bestätigen unsere experimentellen Beobachtungen. Unsere Arbeit bietet einen molekularen Einblick in die Grenzflächenstruktur an einer suspendierten Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche, die für verschiedene technologische Anwendungen von Graphen relevant ist.
Biodegradable flexible conductive film based on sliver nanowires and PLA electrospun fibers
Authors: Peng Wei , Wang Liting , Zhang Mingyu , Yu Deng‐Guang , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiodegradable conductive films are crucial for the sustainable development of wearable electronics. In this work, a flexible and degradable conductive film was prepared based on a carefully designed interface of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun fibers and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The amphiphilic triblock copolymer was added to PLA solution for electrospinning, followed by solvent posttreatment to induce the hydrophilic block of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer to migrate to the fiber surface. Dopamine can be uniformly polymerized on the surface of hydrophilic PLA fibers, and the prepared PLA@PDA fiber film can form a good interface combination with AgNWs. The electrical conductivity of AgNWs/PLA@PDA flexible film can reach 258.5 S cm−1, showing obvious Joule heating effect and good mechanical properties. Degradation experiments showed that in phosphate buffered saline, the PLA molecular chain showed a dynamic equilibrium due to the scission and rearrangement of the ester groups and degraded slowly, while AgNWs/PLA@PDA degraded rapidly under alkaline conditions. Our study provides a simple and controllable method to prepare flexible degradable electronic films, which is expected to be applied to flexible wearable bioelectrodes.
To preprint or not to preprint: A global researcher survey
Authors: Ni Rong , Waltman Ludo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOpen science is receiving widespread attention globally, and preprinting offers an important way to implement open science practices in scholarly publishing. To develop a systematic understanding of researchers' adoption of and attitudes toward preprinting, we conducted a survey of authors of research papers published in 2021 and early 2022. Our survey results show that the United States and Europe led the way in the adoption of preprinting. The United States and European respondents reported a higher familiarity with and a stronger commitment to preprinting than their colleagues elsewhere in the world. The adoption of preprinting is much stronger in physics and astronomy as well as mathematics and computer science than in other research areas. Respondents identified free accessibility of preprints and acceleration of research communication as the most important benefits of preprinting. Low reliability and credibility of preprints, sharing results before peer review and premature media coverage are the most significant concerns about preprinting, emphasized in particular by respondents in the life and health sciences. According to respondents, the most crucial strategies to encourage preprinting are integrating preprinting into journal submission workflows and providing recognition for posting preprints.
Combining directed evolution with high cell permeability for high‐level cadaverine production in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Luo Ruoshi , Wang Dan , Xiao Kaixing , Lin Fanzhen , Kang Ya Qi , Xia Xue , Zhou Xiaojie , Hu Ge 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe biosynthesis of cadaverine from lysine is an environmentally promising technology, that could contribute to a more sustainable approach to manufacturing bio‐nylon 5X. However, the titer of biosynthesized cadaverine has still not reached a sufficient level for industrial production. A powerful green cell factory was developed to enhance cadaverine production by regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genes and improving membrane permeability. Firstly, 10 LPS mutant strains were constructed and the effect on the growth was investigated. Then, the lysine decarboxylase (CadA) was overexpressed in 10 LPS mutant strains of Escherichia coli MG1655 and the ability to produce cadaverine was compared. Using 20.0 g L−1 of L‐lysine hydrochloride (L‐lysine‐HCl) as the substrate for the biotransformation reaction, Cad02 and Cad06 strains exhibited high production levels of cadaverine, with 8.95 g L−1 and 7.55 g L−1 respectively while the control strain Cad00 only 4.92 g L−1. Directed evolution of CadA was also used to improve its stability under alkaline conditions. The cadaverine production of the Cad02‐M mutant stain increased by 1.86 times at pH 8.0. Finally, the production process was scaled up using recombinant whole cells as catalysts, achieving a high titer of 211 g L−1 cadaverine (96.8%) by fed‐batch bioconversion. This study demonstrates the potential role of LPS in enhancing the efficiency of mass transfer between substrate and enzymes in vivo by increasing cell permeability. The results indicate that the argumentation of cell permeability could not only significantly enhance the biotransformation efficiency of cadaverine, but also provide a universally applicable, straightforward, environment‐friendly, and cost‐effective method for the biosynthesis of other high‐value chemicals.
Angulation of the dural venous sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa: Anatomical study with clinical and surgical applications
Authors: Cardona Juan J. , Iwanaga Joe , Chaiyamoon Arada , Wang Arthur , Nickele Christopher M. , Amans Matthew R. , Heiferman Daniel M. , Johnson Kendrick D. , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCerebral vein and dural venous sinus thromboses (CVST) account for 0.5%–1% of all strokes. Some structural factors associated with a potentially higher risk for developing CVST have been described. However, angulation of the dural venous sinuses (DVS) has yet to be studied as a structural factor. The current study was performed because this variable could be related to alterations in venous flow, thus predisposing to a greater risk of CVST development. Additionally, such information could help shed light on venous sinus stenosis (VSS) at or near the transverse‐sigmoid junction. The angulations formed in the different segments of the grooves of the transverse (TS), sigmoid (SS), and superior sagittal sinuses (SSS) were measured in 52 skulls (104 sides). The overall angulation of the TS groove was measured using two reference points. Other variables were examined, such as the communication pattern at the sinuses' confluence and the sinus grooves' lengths and widths. The patterns of communication between sides were compared statistically. The most typical communication pattern at the sinuses' confluence was a right‐dominant TS groove (82.98%). The mean angulations of the entire left TS groove at two different points (A and B) were 46° and 43°. Those of the right TS groove were 44° and 45°. The median angulations of the left and right SSS‐transverse sinus junction grooves were 127° and 124°. The mean angulations of the left and right TS‐SSJsv grooves were 111° (range 82°–152°) and 103° (range 79°–130°). Differentiating normal and abnormal angulations of the DVSs of the posterior cranial fossa can help to explain why some patients are more susceptible to pathologies affecting the DVSs, such as CVST and VSS. Future application of these findings to patients with such pathologies is now necessary to extrapolate our results.
A nomogram based on TFE3 IHC results and clinical factors as a preliminary screening scheme for TFE3‐rearranged renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Pengju , Xu Quanhui , Chen Minyu , Zhu Jiangquan , Wang Yinghan , Mumin Mukhtar A. , Huang Kangbo , Jiang Zeying , Liang Hui , Deng Qiong , Wang Zhu , Liao Bing , Chen Wenfang , Cao Yun , Cao Jiazheng , Luo Junhang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTFE3 immunohistochemistry (TFE3‐IHC) is controversial in the diagnosis of TFE3‐rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3‐rearranged RCC). This study is to investigate the accuracy and sensitivity of IHC and establish a predictive model to diagnose TFE3‐rearranged RCC.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed by collecting IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results from 228 patients. IHC results were evaluated using three scoring systems. Scoring system 1 is graded based on nuclear staining intensity, scoring system 2 is graded based on the percentage of stained tumor cell nuclei, and scoring system 3 is graded based on both the nuclear staining intensity and the percentage. We collected patients' IHC results and clinical information. Important variables were screened based on univariate logistic regression analysis. Then, independent risk factors were established through multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram model was constructed. The model was validated in internal test set and external validation set. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were generated to assess discriminative ability of the model.ResultsThe accuracy of IHC based on three scoring systems were 0.829, 0.772, and 0.807, respectively. The model included four factors including age, gender, lymph node metastasis and IHC results. Area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.935 for the training set, 0.934 for the internal test set, 0.933 for all 228 patients, and 0.916 for the external validation set.ConclusionsTFE3 IHC has high accuracy in the diagnosis of TFE3‐rearranged RCC. Clinical information such as age and lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors, which can be used as a supplement to the results of TFE3 IHC. This study confirms the value of IHC in the diagnosis of TFE3‐rearranged RCC. The accuracy of the diagnosis can be improved by incorporating IHC with other clinical risk factors.
COX‐2 in lung cancer: Mechanisms, development, and targeted therapies
Authors: Liu Xueqi , Zhang Junli , Sun Wenwu , Cao Jianping , Ma Zhuang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising 85% of all cases. COX‐2, an enzyme induced significantly under stress conditions, catalyzes the conversion of free arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. It exhibits high expression in various tumors and is closely linked to LC progression. COX‐2 functions as a pivotal driver in cancer pathogenesis by promoting prostaglandin E2 synthesis and facilitating tumor cell occurrence and development. Furthermore, COX‐2 holds potential as a predictive marker for early‐stage NSCLC, guiding targeted therapy in patients with early COX‐2 overexpression. Additionally, combining COX‐2 inhibitors with diverse treatment modalities enhances tumor therapeutic efficacy, minimizes adverse effects on healthy tissues, and improves overall patient survival rates posttreatment. In conclusion, combined therapy targeting COX‐2 presents a promising novel strategy for NSCLC treatment, offering avenues for improving prognosis and effective tumor treatment. This review provides novel insights and ideas for developing new treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of NSCLC.
Low‐Voltage Acidic CO2 Reduction Enabled by a Diaphragm‐Based Electrolyzer
Authors: Perazio A. , Schreiber Moritz W. , Creissen C. E. , Fontecave M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale implementation of electrochemical CO2 conversion to value‐added products is currently hampered by high electrolyzer cell voltages, resulting in low energy efficiency and high operating costs. Cell voltages are typically well above 3 V and need to be significantly lowered whilst maintaining current densities greater than 200 mA cm−2 to enable energy‐efficient CO2 electroreduction. This can be addressed through modification of the resistive components of the device to reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs. Electrodes, electrolyte solutions, and the separator between compartments, provide the largest contributions to the overall cell voltage, therefore decreasing their resistance can lower the electricity input required to drive effective CO2 conversion. Here, by careful analysis and tuning of the various sources of voltage drops within the cell, an optimized diaphragm‐based CO2R device is presented, which is able to operate at an industrially relevant current density of 200 mA cm−2 with an |Ecell| as low as 2.89 V, amongst the lowest reported values to date.
Superalkalis with Hydrogen as Central Electronegative Atom and their Possible Applications: Ab Initio and DFT Study
Authors: Sarkar Subhendu , Debnath Tanay , Das Abhijit K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSuperalkalis are unusual species having ionization energies lower than that of the alkali metals. These species with various applications are of great importance in chemistry due to their low ionization energies and strong reducing property. A typical superalkali contains a central electronegative core decorated with excess metal ligands. In the quest for novel superalkalis, we have designed the superalkalis HLi2, HLiNa and HNa2 using hydrogen as central electronegative atom for the first time employing high level ab initio (CCSD(T), MP2) and density functional theory (ωB97X‐D) methods. The superalkalis exhibit very low ionization energies, even lower than that of cesium. Stability of these species is verified from binding energy and dissociation energy values. The superalkalis are capable of reducing SO2, NO, CO2, CO and N2 molecules by forming stable ionic complexes and therefore can be used as catalysts for the reduction or activation of systems possessing very low electron affinities. The superalkalis form stable supersalts with tailored properties when interact with a superhalogen. They also show remarkably high non‐linear optical responses, hence could have industrial applications. It is hoped that this work will enrich the superalkali family and spur further theoretical and experimental research in this direction.
Not All Binding Sites Are Equal: Site Determination and Folding State Analysis of Gas‐Phase Protein‐Metallodrug Adducts
Authors: Eade Liam , Sullivan Matthew P. , Allison Timothy M. , Goldstone David C. , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModern approaches in metallodrug research focus on compounds that bind protein targets rather than DNA. However, the identification of protein targets and binding sites is challenging. Using intact mass spectrometry and proteomics, we investigated the binding of the antimetastatic agent RAPTA‐C to the model proteins ubiquitin, cytochrome c, lysozyme, and myoglobin. Binding to cytochrome c and lysozyme was negligible. However, ubiquitin bound up to three Ru moieties, two of which were localized at Met1 and His68 as [Ru(cym)], and [Ru(cym)] or [Ru(cym)(PTA)] adducts, respectively. Myoglobin bound up to four [Ru(cym)(PTA)] moieties and five sites were identified at His24, His36, His64, His81/82 and His113. Collision‐induced unfolding (CIU) studies via ion‐mobility mass spectrometry allowed measuring protein folding as a function of collisional activation. CIU of protein–RAPTA‐C adducts showed binding of [Ru(cym)] to Met1 caused a significant compaction of ubiquitin, likely from N‐terminal S−Ru−N chelation, while binding of [Ru(cym)(PTA)] to His residues of ubiquitin or myoglobin induced a smaller effect. Interestingly, the folded state of ubiquitin formed by His functionalization was more stable than Met1 metalation. The data suggests that selective metalation of amino acids at different positions on the protein impacts the conformation and potentially the biological activity of anticancer compounds.
DGAMDA: Predicting miRNA‐disease association based on dynamic graph attention network
Authors: Jia ChangXin , Wang FuYu , Xing Baoxiang , Li ShaoNa , Zhao Yang , Li Yu , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMiRNA (microRNA)‐disease association prediction has essential applications for early disease screening. The process of traditional biological experimental validation is both time‐consuming and expensive. However, as artificial intelligence technology continues to advance, computational methods have become efficient tools for predicting miRNA‐disease associations. These methods often rely on the combination of multiple sources of association data and require improved feature mining. This study proposes a dynamic graph attention‐based association prediction model, DGAMDA, which combines feature mapping and dynamic graph attention mechanisms through feature mining on a single miRNA‐disease association network. DGAMDA effectively solves the problems of feature heterogeneity and inadequate feature mining by previous static graph attention mechanisms and achieves high‐precision feature mining and association scoring prediction. We conducted a five‐fold cross‐validation experiment and obtained the mean values of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1‐score, which were .8986, .8869, .9115, and .8984, respectively. Our proposed model outperforms other advanced models in terms of experimental results, demonstrating its effectiveness in feature mining and association prediction based on a single association network. In addition, our model can also be used to predict miRNAs associated with unknown diseases.
Facile Synthesis of Iron Carbide via Pyrolysis of Ferrous Fumarate for Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation to Lower Olefins
Authors: Qi Haochen , Si Wuqiang , Xu Zhiren , Wang Guofeng , Liu Xuangan , Lyu Changjiang , Huang Bin , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Xing Chuang , Sun Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogenation of CO2 to olefin catalyzed by iron‐based catalysts is a sustainable and important way to achieve carbon neutrality. In this study, iron‐based catalysts were facilely prepared by direct pyrolysis of ferric fumarate (FF), which are applied to CO2 hydrogenation to olefin reaction to explore the effects of pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere on catalytic performance of the catalysts. Among them, NaFe‐Air‐400 catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity with 33.7 %, and light olefin selectivity reaches as high as 47.1 %. The catalytic performance of pyrolytic catalysts is better than that the impregnated NaFe catalyst on activated carbon (NaFe/AC). A series of XRD, Raman and SEM characterization results show a suitable pyrolysis temperature would promote the balance between amorphous carbon and graphene, which can affect the formation of FexCy phase, leading the distinctive activity and olefin selectivity. Hence, the presented one‐step pyrolysis methodology would provide a facile and quick synthesis of highly‐active iron‐based catalyst design for CO2 conversion.