bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-dielectric metasurfaces for intensity-controllable beam splitting and polarization conversion
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jun , Zhang Tian , Lin Jie , Jin Peng , Liu Shutian , Zhou Keya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Beam splitters and polarization converters of electromagnetic waves based on metasurfaces have been extensively studied. However, there are few reports on the ability to arbitrarily control the intensity ratio between different diffraction orders while achieving beam splitting and polarization conversion. In this paper, we propose a method to achieve polarization conversion and beam splitting with varying intensities by manipulating the superposition of the output orthogonal circularly polarized (OCP) light. Specifically, polarized light with certain intensities and phase distributions in multiple channels can be decomposed into the superposition of OCP light with varying amplitudes and phases. Under the excitation of circularly polarized (CP) light, the amplitudes and phases of the output OCP light can be manipulated by adjusting the size and rotation angle of the nanopillar within the meta-atom. We show three metasurfaces capable of converting CP light into OCP and linearly polarized light in dual channels, with the ability to vary the intensity ratios of these polarized lights. Simulations demonstrate that the diffraction efficiencies of the desired diffraction orders of three metasurfaces exceed 90%. This method provides a novel concept for the design of multifunctional meta-devices.
Two-dimensional monolayer BiSnO3: a novel wide-band-gap semiconductor with high stability and strong ultraviolet absorption
Authors: Wu Hongbo , Meng Weizhen , Zhu Chunhui , Tian Zhixue , Ma Fengxian , Jiao Yalong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The exploration of two-dimensional (2D) wide-band-gap semiconductors (WBGSs) holds significant scientific and technological importance in the field of condensed matter physics and is actively being pursued in optoelectronic research. In this study, we present the discovery of a novel WBGS, namely monolayer BiSnO3, using first-principles calculations in conjunction with the quasi-particle G0W0 approximation. Our calculations confirm that monolayer BiSnO3 exhibits moderate cleavage energy, positive phonon modes, mechanical resilience, and high temperature resistance (up to 1000 K), which demonstrate its structural stability, flexibility, and potential for experimental realization. Furthermore, band-structure calculations reveal that monolayer BiSnO3 is a typical WBGS material with a band-gap energy (E
g) of 3.61 eV and possesses a unique quasi-direct electronic feature due to its quasi-flat valence band. The highest occupied valence flat-band originates from the electronic hybridization between Bi-6p and O-2p states, which are in close proximity to the Fermi level. Remarkably, monolayer BiSnO3 exhibits a high absorption capacity for ultraviolet light spanning the UVA to UVC regions, displaying optical isotropy absorption and an unusual excitonic effect. These intriguing structural and electronic properties establish monolayer BiSnO3 as a promising candidate for the development of new multi-function-integrated electronic and optoelectronic devices in the emerging field of 2D WBGSs.
A method of evaluating cell state based on data augmentation and ViT16
Authors: Xu Chen-Hua , Tu Zhi-Cheng , Liu Dan , Cen Jian , Xiong Jian-Bin , Luo Guo-Juan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, based on the model of data augmentation and Vision Transformer 16 (ViT16), a method of assessment for electrolysis cell state is presented to get the real-time information of the current cell state, so as to improve current efficiency of process. Firstly, in order to solve the issue of the small sample data and improve classification accuracy, the method of data augmentation is performed on the flame hole images by using convolutional block attention module to improve auxiliary classifier generativhyhee adversarial network. Secondly, the deep feature data of the flame hole images is extracted by the method of ViT16, and the genetic algorithm is applied to eliminate the redundant feature data to improve the accuracy. Thirdly, the support vector machines model is employed to classify the feature data, and the aluminum cells are classified into cold, hot, and normal. Finally, the actual data are applied to the experiments of the above method, the results of experiments show that this method is better than other methods, and the accuracy of classifying the cell state is as high as 98.677%. This is of great significance for the guidance of aluminum electrolysis production process.
Remote temperature sensing in microelectronics: optical thermometry using dual-center phosphors
Authors: Kurochkin Mikhail A , Mamonova Daria V , Medvedev Vassily A , Kolesnikov Evgenii Yu , Kolesnikov Ilya E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Remote thermal sensing has emerged as a temperature detection technique for tasks in which standard contact thermometers cannot be used due to environment or dimension limitations. One of such challenging tasks is the measurement of temperature in microelectronics. Here, optical thermometry using co-doped and mixed dual-center Gd2O3:Tb3+/Eu3+ samples were realized. Ratiometric approach based on monitoring emission intensities of Tb3+ (5D4–7F5) and Eu3+ (5D0–7F2) transition provided sensing in the range of 30 °C–80 °C. Dispersion system type only slightly affected relative sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The applicability of phosphors synthesized to be utilized as remote optical thermometers for microelectronics has been proved with an example on a surface mount resistor and microcontroller.
Deformed graphene FET biosensor on textured glass coupled with dielectrophoretic trapping for ultrasensitive detection of GFAP
Authors: Mukherjee P , Kundu S , Ganguly R , Barui A , RoyChaudhuri C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Numerous efforts have been undertaken to mitigate the Debye screening effect of FET biosensors for achieving higher sensitivity. There are few reports that show sub-femtomolar detection of biomolecules by FET mechanisms but they either suffer from significant background noise or lack robust control. In this aspect, deformed/crumpled graphene has been recently deployed by other researchers for various biomolecule detection like DNA, COVID-19 spike proteins and immunity markers like IL-6 at sub-femtomolar levels. However, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach for graphene fabrication suffers from various surface contamination while the transfer process induces structural defects. In this paper, an alternative fabrication methodology has been proposed where glass substrate has been initially texturized by wet chemical etching through the sacrificial layer of synthesized silver nanoparticles, obtained by annealing of thin silver films leading to solid state dewetting. Graphene has been subsequently deposited by thermal reduction technique from graphene oxide solution. The resulting deformed graphene structure exhibits higher sensor response towards glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) detection with respect to flat graphene owing to the combined effect of reduced Debye screening and higher surface area for receptor immobilization. Additionally, another interesting aspect of the reported work lies in the biomolecule capture by dielectrophoretic (DEP) transport on the crests of the convex surfaces of graphene in a coplanar gated topology structure which has resulted in 10 aM and 28 aM detection limits of GFAP in buffer and undiluted plasma respectively, within 15 min of application of analyte. The detection limit in buffer is almost four decades lower than that documented for GFAP using biosensors which is is expected to pave way for advancing graphene FET based sensors towards ultrasensitive point-of-care diagnosis of GFAP, a biomarker for traumatic brain injury.
Ultrasensitive detection of Ag+ and Ce3+ ions using highly fluorescent carboxyl-functionalized carbon nitride nanoparticles
Authors: Chaulagain Narendra , Garcia John C , Manoj Aparna , Shankar Karthik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of carboxyl-rich g-C3N4 nanoparticles was found to be selective to Ag+ and Ce3+ with a limit of detection as low as 30 pM for Ag+ ions. A solid-state thermal polycondensation reaction was used to produce g-C3N4 nanoparticles with distinct green fluorescence and high water solubility. Dynamic light scattering indicated an average nanoparticle size of 95 nm. The photoluminescence absorption and emission maxima were centered at 405 nm and 540 nm respectively which resulted in a large Stokes shift. Among different metal ion species, the carboxyl-rich g-C3N4 nanoparticles were selective to Ag+ and Ce3+ ions, as indicated by strong fluorescence quenching and a change in the fluorescence lifetime. The PL sensing of heavy metal ions followed modified Stern–Volmer kinetics, and CNNPs in the presence of Ag+/Ce3+ resulted in a higher value of K
app (8.9 × 104 M−1) indicating a more efficient quenching process and stronger interaction between CNNP and mixed ions. Sensing was also demonstrated using commercial filter paper functionalized with g-C3N4 nanoparticles, enabling practical on-site applications.
Patient-derived PixelPrint phantoms for evaluating clinical imaging performance of a deep learning CT reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Im Jessica Y , Halliburton Sandra S , Mei Kai , Perkins Amy E , Wong Eddy , Roshkovan Leonid , Sandvold Olivia F , Liu Leening P , Gang Grace J , Noël Peter B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) algorithms exhibit object-dependent resolution and noise performance. Thus, traditional geometric CT phantoms cannot fully capture the clinical imaging performance of DLR. This study uses a patient-derived 3D-printed PixelPrint lung phantom to evaluate a commercial DLR algorithm across a wide range of radiation dose levels. Method. The lung phantom used in this study is based on a patient chest CT scan containing ground glass opacities and was fabricated using PixelPrint 3D-printing technology. The phantom was placed inside two different size extension rings to mimic a small- and medium-sized patient and was scanned on a conventional CT scanner at exposures between 0.5 and 20 mGy. Each scan was reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), iterative reconstruction, and DLR at five levels of denoising. Image noise, contrast to noise ratio (CNR), root mean squared error, structural similarity index (SSIM), and multi-scale SSIM (MS SSIM) were calculated for each image. Results. DLR demonstrated superior performance compared to FBP and iterative reconstruction for all measured metrics in both phantom sizes, with better performance for more aggressive denoising levels. DLR was estimated to reduce dose by 25%–83% in the small phantom and by 50%–83% in the medium phantom without decreasing image quality for any of the metrics measured in this study. These dose reduction estimates are more conservative compared to the estimates obtained when only considering noise and CNR. Conclusion. DLR has the capability of producing diagnostic image quality at up to 83% lower radiation dose, which can improve the clinical utility and viability of lower dose CT scans. Furthermore, the PixelPrint phantom used in this study offers an improved testing environment with more realistic tissue structures compared to traditional CT phantoms, allowing for structure-based image quality evaluation beyond noise and contrast-based assessments.
Determination of resistance at zero and infinite frequencies in bioimpedance spectroscopy for assessment of body composition in babies
Authors: Pinheiro-Castro Natalia , Ramos-Silva Tamiris , de Carvalho Rondó Patricia Helen , Ward Leigh C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a popular technique for the assessment of body composition in children and adults but has not found extensive use in babies and infants. This due primarily to technical difficulties of measurement in these groups. Although improvements in data modelling have, in part, mitigated this issue, the problem continues to yield unacceptably high rates of poor quality data. This study investigated an alternative data modelling procedure obviating issues associated with BIS measurements in babies and infants. Approach. BIS data are conventionally analysed according to the Cole model describing the impedance response of body tissues to an applied AC current. This approach is susceptible to errors due to capacitive leakage errors of measurement at high frequency. The alternative is to model BIS data based on the resistance–frequency spectrum rather than the reactance-resistance Cole model thereby avoiding capacitive error impacts upon reactance measurements. Main results. The resistance–frequency approach allowed analysis of 100% of data files obtained from BIS measurements in 72 babies compared to 87% successful analyses with the Cole model. Resistance–frequency modelling error (percentage standard error of the estimate) was half that of the Cole method. Estimated resistances at zero and infinite frequency were used to predict body composition. Resistance-based prediction of fat-free mass (FFM) exhibited a 30% improvement in the two-standard deviation limits of agreement with reference FFM measured by air displacement plethysmography when compared to Cole model-based predictions. Significance. This study has demonstrated improvement in the analysis of BIS data based on the resistance frequency response rather than conventional Cole modelling. This approach is recommended for use where BIS data are compromised by high frequency capacitive leakage errors such as those obtained in babies and infants.
Effect of target material on electrical properties of a two-electrode dielectric barrier helium plasma jet
Authors: Škoro Nikola , Kutasi Kinga , Puač Marija , Petrović Zoran Lj , Puač Nevena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we present electrical characterization of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet operating with He (2 slm and 3 slm) as working gas and interacting with Cu, polyethylene terephthalate and distilled H2O targets. We used a plasma jet with two copper electrodes wrapped around a glass tube. One electrode was powered by a high-voltage sinusoidal signal of 30 kHz, whereas the other electrode and the target holder were grounded. We have performed detailed investigation of the voltage and current waveforms, phase differences, volt–current (V–I) characteristics, calculated impedances and power deposition. The aim was to determine the influence of different target materials and their conductivity on the plasma properties. We calculated the total harmonic distortion factor that showed that the current through grounded electrode depends on the conductivity of the target. We also calculated the power delivered to the plasma core and the plasma plume regions and observed that the change in the target conductance influenced the power in both plasma regions. The experimentally characterized electrical circuit was simulated by a model of equivalent electrical circuit corresponding to the plasma-off and plasma-on regime. Voltage controlled current source was added as model of a streamer formed in plasma-on regime.
Microwave assisted Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in a four-level light–matter coupling scheme
Authors: Amari Malika , Rodriguez-Benites Carlos , Omran Alaa A , Hawas Majli Nema , Kumar Abhinav , Alzubaidi Laith H , Shafik Shafik Shaker 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The experimental realization of two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating is explored by monitoring the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in a microwave-driven four-level Y-type atomic medium under the action of two orthogonal standing-wave (SW) fields. Due to the position-dependent atom–field interaction, the information about the high diffraction order of the probe light can be obtained via the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the probe light. It is found that the diffraction behavior is significantly improved due to the joint quantum interference induced by the SW and microwave-driven cycling fields. Most importantly, the amplitude and phase diagram of the transmission function of the probe light can be modulated at a particular position and the probe energy may transfer to the high orders of the diffraction by properly adjusting the system parameters. The proposed scheme may provide a promising way to achieve highly sensitive diffraction patterns with applications in quantum information processing.
Association between white matter hyperintensity and anxiety/depression
Authors: Zhou Ruixue , Cai Qingqing , Liu Chen , Hui Jingni , Kang Meijuan , Gou Yifan , Liu Ye , Shi Panxing , Wang Bingyi , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Although previous studies have explored the associations of white matter hyperintensity with psychiatric disorders, the sample size is small and the conclusions are inconsistent. The present study aimed to further systematically explore the association in a larger sample. All data were extracted from the UK Biobank. First, general linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between white matter hyperintensity volume and anxiety/depression. White matter hyperintensity has been classified into periventricular white matter hyperintensity and deep white matter hyperintensity. Anxiety was determined by General Anxiety Disorder-7 score (n = 17,221) and self-reported anxiety (n = 15,333), depression was determined by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score (n = 17,175), and self-reported depression (n = 14,519). Moreover, we employed Cox proportional hazard models to explore the association between white matter hyperintensity volume and anxiety/depression. The covariates included in fully adjusted model are age, gender, body mass index, Townsend deprivation index, healthy physical activity, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The results of the fully adjusted model showed that white matter hyperintensity volume was significantly associated with General Anxiety Disorder-7 score (periventricular white matter hyperintensity: β = 0.152, deep white matter hyperintensity: β = 0.094) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score (periventricular white matter hyperintensity: β = 0.168). Logistic regression analysis results indicated that periventricular white matter hyperintensity volume (odds ratio = 1.153) was significantly associated with self-reported anxiety. After applying the Cox proportional hazard models, we found that larger white matter hyperintensity volume was associated with increased risk of depression (periventricular white matter hyperintensity: hazard ratio = 1.589, deep white matter hyperintensity: hazard ratio = 1.200), but not anxiety. In summary, our findings support a positive association between white matter hyperintensity volume and depression.
Increased Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Case Counts Following the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Can Be Attributed to Changes in Testing
Authors: Petros Brittany A , Milliren Carly E , Sabeti Pardis C , Ozonoff Al 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation dropped markedly early in the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a resurgence with heightened case counts. The “immunity debt” hypothesis proposes that the RSV-naїve pediatric population increased during the period of low transmission. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited, and the role of changing testing practices in the perceived surge has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 342 530 RSV encounters and 980 546 RSV diagnostic tests occurring at 32 US pediatric hospitals in 2013–2023. We used interrupted time series analysis to estimate pandemic-associated changes in RSV patient and test volume and to quantify changes in the proportions of patients requiring hospitalization, intensive care, or mechanical ventilation. We quantified the fraction of the shifts in case counts and in the age of diagnosed patients attributable to changes in testing.

Results
RSV patient volume increased 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 3.5) in 2021–2023 relative to the pre-pandemic phase and was accompanied by an 18.9-fold increase (95% CI: 15.0, 23.9) in RSV test volume. Shifts in patient volume and in patient age were largely attributable to increased testing. The proportions of patients with RSV that required hospitalization, intensive care, or mechanical ventilation declined significantly across all patient age groups.

Conclusions
A surge in RSV testing, rather than in viral circulation, likely underlies the increased case counts observed in 2021–2023. These findings warrant a critical assessment of the immunity debt hypothesis and highlight the importance of considering the testing denominator when surveillance strategies are dynamic.
Glenn shunt as a rescue strategy for acute right ventricular failure after right ventricular myocardial infarction.
Authors: den Haan Melina C , Palmen Meindert , Egorova Anastasia D , Hazekamp Mark G 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present the case of a 52-year-old woman with cardiogenic shock and refractory right ventricular failure due to spontaneous dissection of the right coronary artery. She remained dependent on mechanical support for several weeks. Both a right ventricular assist device implant and a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis were explored as long-term support options. A history of malignancy and possible right ventricular functional recovery resulted in a decision in favour of the bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and concomitant tricuspid valve annuloplasty. Postoperatively her clinical condition improved significantly, and she could be discharged home. Echocardiography showed normalization of right ventricular dimensions and slight improvement of right ventricular function.