bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between 4a and 4b H LA‐determined specificities and C3 receptors of leukocyte membrane
Authors: Ferreira A. , Nussenzweig V. , Fotino Marilena 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContrary to previous reports, we do not find that antibodies to 4a and 4b human histocompatibility antigens inhibit the binding of erythrocytes coated with C3 to the C3 receptor of human monocytes or B lymphocytes.
The “natural killer” cell in the mouse does not require H‐2 homology and is not directed against type or group‐specific antigens of murine c viral proteins
Authors: Becker Susanne , Fenyö Eva Maria , Klein Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA number of lymphoma lines were characterized for sensitivity to natural killer (NK) cells present in the spleen in young CBA mice and reactivity with antisera directed against certain C‐type virus‐determined proteins expressed on the cell surface. Since no correlation was found, it is likely that the target of the NK cell is neither the antigen(s) recognized serologically by mice nor the group‐specific antigenic determinants of the viral proteins. Various target and effector cell combinations with regard to H‐2 composition did not indicate that H‐2 homology is necessary for the NK effect.
Anomalous reactivity of anti‐T cell sera on spleen cells from T‐cell‐deprived mice and on mitogen‐stimulated nude mice spleen cells
Authors: Twiddy R. R. , Man M. S. , Kerbel R. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent results have shown that various alloantisera which react in the expected fashion on lymphocyte populations can react anomalously against cultured tumor cell populations because of the presence of contaminating antibodies against murine leukemia virus (MLV) antigens. Since it is now known that activation of MLV can occur in certain types of dividing lymphocyte populations, anti‐T cell sera were tested on lymphoid cell populations in which T cells were absent or greatly reduced in numbers, but where activation of MLV in the B cell population would be expected. Whereas normal, freshly harvested, nude mice spleen cells were unreactive, in vitro:stimulation of these cells with the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, led to a high degree of sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of anti‐T alloantisera or heteroantisera. Spleen cells from adult thymectomized, lethally‐irradiated, bone marrow‐reconstituted mice also showed unexpected reactivity with the anti‐T cell sera. In both cases, reactivity was noted only if absorbed rabbit serum was used as a complement source in the cytotoxic assays. The anomalous anti‐B cell activity of the anti‐T cell sera could be removed by absorption with relatively small numbers of cells from Thy‐negative cultured tumor cell lines, including fibrosarcomas, but not by absorption with thymocytes.Hence, activated or stimulated B cells may react strongly with allo‐or hetero‐ anti‐T cell sera under certain conditions, and this anomalous reactivity appears unrelated to the presence of the anti‐T cell antibodies in the sera.
Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes to in compatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. I. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Gleichmann E. , Gleichmann Helga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe capacities of various lymphoid cells from C57BL/10 donors to induce antibodies against red blood cells (RBC) in (C57BL/10 × DBA/2)F1 recipients were compared: cortisone‐resistant thymocytes were more potent inducers than spleen cells, and bone marrow cells were ineffective. This established a need for parental T lymphocytes in the induction of Coombs‐positive hemolytic anemia by the graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR). Since some of the anti‐RBC antibodies carried the Igc allotype specific for the F1 host, they were autoantibodies.When antibodies were eluted from the erythrocytes of F1 mice undergoing the GVHR (GVH F1 mice) and subsequently tested against normal RBC in the indirect Coombs' test, the Igc allotype was demonstrable even on those antibodies found to react with RBC of the donor strain (C57BL/10). In addition, reactions with normal intact RBC of other strains and species were noted. Anti‐RBC antibodies belonged to all Ig classes and subclasses that were tested (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA, and IgM).By means of histocompatibility typing it was shown that the overwhelming majority of lymphoid cells from GVH animals were host cells; most of these host cells were Thy‐1.2‐negative. In several GVH F1 mice Coombs‐positive erythrocytes were demonstrated for periods of more than 5 months; Igc‐positive anti‐RBC antibodies were detected for periods up to 3 months. When an additional injection of parental T cells was administered to GVH F1 mice, which had become Coombs‐negative in the course of the GVHR, new anti‐RBC antibodies appeared. In contrast to F1 B cells, T cells of the F1 host were not needed for autoimmunization as shown by the induction of anti‐RBC auto‐antibodies in F1 recipients that were depleted of autologous T cells prior to the administration of parental T cells.When (C57BL/10 × DBA/2)F1 mice were back‐crossed into strain C57BL/10 and the offsprings injected with C57BL/10 (H‐2bb) lymphoid cells, most of the H‐2 heterozygous (H‐2bd) back‐crosses developed Coombs'‐positive hemolytic anemia, whereas none of the H‐2 homozygous (H‐2bb) ones did.The most likely explanation of these results is that anti‐RBC autoantibodies were induced by a persistent reaction of parental T helper cells to incompatible H‐2 structures on normally present autoreactive F1 B cells. The hypothesis is proposed that reactions of T lymphocytes against virally or chemically altered structures of the major histocompatibility complex may lead to autoimmunization also in nonchimeric individuals.
Mapping of the HLA locus controlling C2 structural variants and linkage disequilibrium between alleles C22 and Bw15
Authors: Meo T. , Bernoc Marietta , Bernoco D. , Ceppellini R. , Atkinson J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe newly discovered polymorphism of human C2 protein analyzed by isoelectric focusing is controlled by a locus closely linked to HLA. An informative cross‐over family (HLA: A×C) indicates that this locus maps on the C side of the region. Population and family studies have shown that the C22 variant is significantly associated on the haplotype with alleles Bw15 and Cw3. The fact that the “deficient” C2 mutant is in linkage disequilibrium with other HLA antigens, suggests that C22 and C20, here tentatively considered alleles of the same locus, are not directly related by descent.
Selective activation of human suppressor cells by a nonproliferative stimulus
Authors: Sondel P. M. , Jacobson M. W. , Bach F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe eliciting of suppressor cell activity by heat‐treated stimulating cells demonstrates that suppression can be induced by an antigenic but non‐effective mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) stimulus in vitro. Simultaneous or prior MLC or cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is not required for alloantigen‐induced suppressor cell activation.
The role of leukocyte subpopulations in the indirect leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in the mammary tumor virus system
Authors: Creemers Paula 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition test for the detection of cellular immunologic reactivity of mice to the mammary tumor virus (MTV) has been described. It involves the transfer of the leukocyte adherence inhibition factor (LAIF) produced by spleen cells from immunized animals when cultured with antigen to indicator cells, for which peritoneal exudate cells from normal mice are used. The method proves to be sensitive and highly reproducible. By crude separation of leukocyte subpopulations it became established that for the production of LAIF the following sequence is needed: 1. incubation of adherent cells with MTV; 2. transfer of a soluble factor SF1 produced by the adherent cells to T cells; 3. transfer of another soluble factor SF2 released by T cells to the adherent cells.
Education of human lymphocytes against mouse cells: specific recognition of H‐2 antigens
Authors: Carnaud C. , Fadaï‐Ghotbi M. , Lesavre P. , Bach J.‐F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractXeno‐sensitization of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) against mouse lymphoid cells has been studied in vivo in a local graft‐vs. ‐host (GVH) assay and in vitro in a mixed lymphocyte culture‐cell‐mediated lympholysis system. Human PBL were injected into the footpads of mice rendered unresponsive by total‐body irradiation, and these were subsequently tested for the presence of cytotoxic cells in the draining popliteal lymph node (LN). In spite of a definite PBL‐induced LN proliferation, no cytotoxic activity was detected against mouse target cells. In contrast with the GVH assay, human PBL collected after 7 days of in vitro culture in the presence of irradiated mouse cells, were strongly cytotoxic against mouse target cells. The antigenic specificities recognized by in vitro educated cells were primarily those coded for by the H‐2 complex. Only target cells with an H‐2 haplotype identical to that of the sensitizing mouse strain or with at least an H‐2 D end in common with that strain were killed by xeno‐sensitized lymphocytes. Mouse target cells derived from congenic resistant strains remained unaffected. It was verified that in vitro educated PBL depleted of B cells retained their cytotoxic effect, indicating that non‐B cells and probably T cells were involved in the response.
Correlation between structural characteristics and immunological properties of the terpolymer L‐glutamic acid60‐L‐alanine30‐L‐tyrosine
Authors: Théze J. , Waltenbaugh C. , Benacerraf B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe structure of the terpolymer L‐glutamic acid60‐L‐alanine30‐L‐tyrosine10 (GAT) has been investigated. GAT appears very heterogeneous in size as determined by gel filtration on a Sephadex G‐1 00 column. A dramatic downward shift in the average molecular weight (m.w.) is observed after gel filtration under denaturing conditions (Sepharose 6B, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing 0.1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate). We conclude that under nondenaturing conditions, GAT is a multimeric structure; the dissociation of the structure is reversible. GAT was fractionated based on the size of the polypeptide chains under denaturing conditions. After removal of guanidine hydrochloride three fractions were obtained with ∼ 100 000 (GAT fraction I), 45 000 (GAT fraction II) and < 10 000 (GAT fraction III) m.w., respectively.The immunological properties of these three fractions have been compared with those of unfractionated GAT. Fraction II resembles unfractionated GAT, showing similar immunogenicity in responder mice and suppressive properties in nonre‐sponder animals. Fraction I is less immunogenic, otherwise it resembles unfractionated GAT. Fraction III is the most dissimilar of the three fractions investigated. It retains the suppressive activity of GAT but is unable to stimulate a specific antibody response in responder animals. GAT fraction III is not a general tolerogen and is specifically suppressive for nonresponder mice.
VH and L‐chain allotype determinants of rabbit IgG and IgA estimated by a semi‐automatic, modified Farr‐type radioimmunoassay
Authors: Jensenius J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA sensitive radioimmunoassay for rabbit immunoglobulin allotypes has been developed. Separation of antibody‐bound and free antigen was accomplished by salt precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by collection and wash on glass fiber filters by means of a semi‐automatic cell harvester. The efficiency of the collection was increased by the addition of nonionic detergent which was salted out together with the precipitated reagents. The presentation of the a1 allotype, located in the VH region, was found to be different on IgG and IgA molecules.
Mechanism of target cell lysis by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Characterization of specific lymphocyte‐target cell conjugates separated by velocity sedimentation
Authors: Cerottini J.‐C. , Ryser J.‐E. , Sordat B. , Brunner K. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferential velocity sedimentation was applied for separating alloimmune T lymphocytes bound to target cells (TC) from free lymphocytes. Maximal size differences between lymphocytes and TC were achieved a) by isolating the fraction of small peritoneal lymphocytes (SPL) from an alloimmune peritoneal cell population, and b) by selecting large tumor cells as TC. Under the conditions used, most of the conjugates formed at room temperature consisted of one SPL bound to one TC, and adequate separation of bound from free SPL could be achieved within less than 5 min.Functional studies of the conjugate‐enriched fractions showed that a minimum of 60 % of TC‐bound SPL were indeed cytolytic. Conjugate‐depleted fractions, however, were still lytic, suggesting that not all effector cells formed stable conjugates at room temperature. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that binding between SPL and TC was achieved through interpenetrating membrane projections and was characterized by point and broad zone contacts. When lysis was allowed to proceed, prominent changes of the TC membrane morphology, including loss of microvillous projections, appearance of localized blebs, pseudopod‐like projections, and membrane defects were documented.
Lymphokine‐induced secretion of plasminogen activator by murine macrophages
Authors: Klimetzek V. , Sorg C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThioglycollate‐stimulated macrophages are known to release a plasminogen activator (PA) into the medium. In this study it was investigated whether macrophages could be activated to release PA after exposure to lymphokines. Macrophage monolayers obtained by 24 h culture of proteose peptone‐elicited murine exudate cells were incubated with lymphocyte culture supernatants. After 48 h the supernatants were replaced by serum‐free medium and the macrophages were incubated for another 24–48 h. These supernatants were assayed for PA as measured by the lysis of 125I‐labeled fibrin. The following results were obtained:(a) Supernatants of antigen or mitogen‐stimulated spleen cells induced PA secretion by macrophages whereas control supernatants were ineffective. The same was found with supernatants of mitogen‐stimulated lymph node cells.(b) PA secretion by macrophages seems to be induced by a rather narrow concentration range of lymphokines.(c) Lymphokine‐induced PA secretion by macrophages is enhanced after phagocytosis of latex beads. The results show that PA secretion by activated macrophages can be considered as a parameter of immunoactivation.
Effect of in vivo stimulation of mice on the secretion of factor B of the alternative complement pathway by peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Bentley Carolyn , Hadding U. , Bitter‐Suermann D. , Brade V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter in vivo treatment of mice with thioglycollate medium, the amount of native factor B which could be detected in vitro in culture supernatants of peritoneal macrophages was much lower than that found in supernatants of macrophages taken from untreated mice. However, when the macrophages from thioglycollate medium‐treated mice were cultured on a plastic surface covered with glutardialdehyde‐linked bovine serum albumin, the culture supernatants contained larger quantities of native factor B than culture supernatants of macrophages from untreated mice under the same conditions. Thus, the effect of in vivo thioglycollate medium treatment on the in vitro secretion of factor B by peritoneal macrophages could be modulated by the culture conditions. Factor B in culture supernatants of macrophages obtained from both untreated and thioglycollate medium‐treated mice was stable. It remained functionally active, and therefore uncleaved over a long incubation period at 37 °C. In addition, factor D activity was never detected in any culture supernatant.
Loss of surface IgD by human B lymphocytes during polyclonal activation*
Authors: Preud'Homme J.L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were studied by direct immunofluorescence in pokeweed mitogen‐stimulated cultures of human blood lymphocytes. The results compared to those of studies of unstimulated cultures and of fresh normal lymphocytes showed a striking decrease in surface IgD during terminal maturation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells. The number of cells which expressed IgG Fc receptor also decreased, although to a lesser extent.
IgA antibody response to intragastric immunization in high and low immune responder lines of mice
Authors: André C. , Bazin H. , Biozzi G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo lines of mice selected for genes controlling the character “quantitative agglutinin production” to heterologous erythrocytes were immunized orally by the intragastric administration of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The quantity of circulating IgA anti‐SRBC and the numbers of splenic plaque‐forming cells of IgA and IgM classes were related to the genetic status of the animal lines.
The induction of carrier‐specific helper cell tolerance in presensitized rats
Authors: Sanfilippo F. , Scott D. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLewis rats rendered tolerant to sheep IgG (SGG) show a markedly reduced antibody response to the 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten when later challenged with TNP‐SGG. We have previously shown that this effect is due to functional unresponsiveness in the carrier SGG‐specific helper T cell population. In this paper we demonstrate that induced helper cell tolerance is also maintained through a secondary immunogenic challenge. Furthermore, rats which are primed to the carrier SGG prior to tolerance induction also show a markedly reduced anti‐TNP response upon secondary immunogenic challenge with TNP‐SGG. The ability to specifically suppress a secondary response in this manner was found to be relatively long lasting, since rats showed reduced responsiveness when the secondary challenge was delayed for up to 4 weeks after tolerance induction. In addition, rats primed to the hapten (TNP) prior to carrier (SGG) tolerance induction also showed a marked reduction in anti‐TNP antibody following challenge with TNP‐SGG. These findings imply that helper cell tolerance can be induced in rats even after priming of carrier‐specific (SGG) helper cells, or hapten‐specific (TNP) B cells. These results parallel our other published findings that IgE responses in presensitized rats can be overcome by helper cell tolerance.
Genetic defect in responsiveness to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Coutinho A. , Forni Luciana , Melchers F. , Watanabe T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSplenic B cells from C57BL/10ScCr mice fail to respond to the mitogenic principle of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and do not express a serologically defined “LPS receptor”. In contrast, polyclonal B cell responses to both purified protein derivative of tuberculin and lipoprotein are conserved.
Mercuric chloride‐induced anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibodies in the rat Genetic control
Authors: Druet Elvira , Sapin C. , Günther E. , Feingold N. , Druet P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMercuric chloride induces anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibodies in the Brown‐Norway rat. Various other inbred rat strains (Lewis, Wistar AG, August, PVG/c) were not found t o be able to produce such antibodies under the same experimental conditions. Hybrids (F1, F2 and F1 × LEW) were bred from Brown‐Noway and Lewis rats and injected with mercuric chloride. It has been demonstrated that the induction of anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibodies by mercuric chloride in these crosses is under genetic control. The response was found t o depend on two or three genes one of which was H‐1‐linked. The negative results obtained with L.BN congenic rats were in complete agreement with this conclusion.
Mechanisms of B cell tolerance
Authors: Klaus G. G. B. , Abbas A. K. , Mcelroy P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe experiments reported examined the fate and properties of antigen‐binding B cells (ABC) during the induction of hapten‐specific tolerance by 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP)‐conjugated type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3). We found that (a) after short (nontolerogenic) pulses of DNP‐S3, anti‐DNP Ig receptors were physically blocked by cell‐bound antigen. Removal of extracellular tolerogen led to full functional recovery of ABC. (b) After more prolonged (tolerogenic) exposures to DNP‐S3 the degree of recovery of ABC following antigen‐free culture was inversely related to the dose of antigen given, (c) Regardless of the dose or duration of exposure to DNP‐S3, cells initially binding antigen effectively cleared it from their membranes; after tolerogenic exposures, cells neither carried cell‐bound DNP‐S3, nor expressed functional receptors, (d) Under conditions where tolerized cells recovered near normal levels of ABC after removal of extracellular antigen, these ABC appeared to display fewer receptors per cell than normal.We therefore propose that B cell inactivation by DNP‐S3 involves the progressive and eventually irreversible inhibition of Ig receptor expression on DNP‐reactive B cells, and is not due to stable blockade of receptors by cell‐bound antigen. The relationship of this effect to other models of B cell inactivation (especially the similar phenomenon seen in immature B cells exposed to anti‐receptor antisera) is discussed.
Effect of tumor cells on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Koran H. S. , Hodes R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn agreement with previous reports, the primary in vitro response to alloantigens has been shown to be dependent on the presence of macrophages (Mphs). Splenocytes extensively depleted of adherent phagocytic cells did not generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and this activity could be completely restored by small numbers of adherent peritoneal cells (accessory cells).Either P388D1 (Mph‐like tumor), P388 (“null” tumor) orP815 (mastocytoma) tumor cells, or 2‐mercaptoethanol, could completely replace the accessory function normally mediated by accessory cells. These tumor cells did not non‐specifically “enhance” the cytotoxic activity generated with normal nonde‐pleted spleen cells. The restored cultures maintained killing specificity to H‐2 targets which was mediated by effector T cells as shown by sensitivity to anti‐Θ and complement.Therefore, Mphs seem not to be the sole cells capable of mediating an accessory function in a primary response to alloantigens in vitro.
Lymphocytes which differentiate in an allogeneic thymus
Authors: Kindred Berenice , Sordat B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNude mice which have been grafted with an allogeneic H‐2‐incompatible thymus are frequently specifically tolerant to skin grafts from the thymus donor strain. The evidence presented here indicates that both clonal deletion and peripheral suppressor cells play a part in maintaining this tolerance.
Ia‐bearing cells promote the concanavalin A mitogenic response of la‐negative T cells
Authors: Frelinger J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNylon wool column‐purified T cell populations depleted of la‐bearing cells do not respond to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (ConA). The response of this population can be restored by admixture of untreated nylon wool‐nonadherent T cells. These promoter cells express Thy‐1, are not sensitive to mitomycin C treatment and cannot be replaced with adherent spleen cells. Experiments using the T6 chromosome marker demonstrate that Ia‐depleted populations respond to ConA only in the presence of the Ia‐positive population.