bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pain in adults admitted to Catalonian hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vallano A. , Malouf J. , Payrulet P. , Baños J.E. ,   On behalf of the Catalan Research Group for Studying Pain in Hospital
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective To survey the prevalence of pain in patients admitted to different hospitals of Catalonia and to describe which factors are related to pain.Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed in 1675 patients from fifteen hospitals in Catalonia (Spain). Clinical and demographic data, as well as the existence of pain intensity evaluations and analgesic therapy, were obtained from medical charts. Characteristics of pain were given by patients after being interviewed by trained interviewers. The main‐outcome measure was the existence of pain (at the interview, in the previous 24 h, at the admission and at any time after admission) that was assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS). The relationship of prevalence of pain to patients' characteristics was carried out by means of a multiple‐logistic‐regression model with pain presence as the dependent variable of interest.Results A great variability in the prevalence and intensity of pain among different hospitals was observed. At the time of the interview, 48.5% (95% CI: 46.1–50.9%) of the patients had pain and the median VAS was 40 mm (range: 10–100 mm), and the prevalence of pain during the previous 24 h was similar (47.6%; 95% CI: 45.2–50%). At admission, 26.7% (95% CI: 24.6–28.8%) of patients were in pain, whereas 62% (95% CI: 59.7–64.3%) reported having pain at some time during their stay. Pain intensity annotations were absent in 51.3% (95% CI: 47.9–54.7%) of the medical records of the patients with pain. The factors associated with pain were younger age, female gender, presence of surgery, orthopaedic surgery wards, large hospital and prescribed analgesics.Conclusion A high prevalence of clinically relevant pain in in‐patients was found as well as a great variability according to type of patients, clinical wards and hospitals. This study gives clear evidence of the lack of adequate management of pain in the majority of the hospitals and calls for the implementation of organisational and educational measurements that may settle this epidemic problem.
Reduction of human experimental muscle pain by alfentanil and morphine
Authors: Schulte Helène , Segerdahl Märta , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas , Grass Stefan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMusculoskeletal pain is a major clinical problem. By using various experimental models in humans, the understanding of the basic mechanisms behind muscle pain can increase, thereby giving hope for new and optimized treatment. Opioids are increasingly often used to treat muscle pain. There are, however, a limited number of previous studies on opioids and muscle pain, most of them using a relative low, single dose. Therefore, we wanted to further study the effect of two rather high doses of alfentanil (25 and 75 ng/ml) and morphine (0.14 and 0.28 mg/kg) in human volunteers. The study consisted of two parallel studies with morphine and alfentanil, respectively, and was conducted as randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, 3‐way cross‐over. We used intramuscular infusion of hypertonic saline and intramuscular electrical stimulation to induce experimental pain. Visual analog scale (VAS)‐score, intramuscular electrical pain thresholds and pain area (local and referred) were measured.Both alfentanil and morphine at their highest doses induced a 6 to 7‐fold increase in pain thresholds to single and repetitive (5 stimulations, 2 Hz) electrical stimulation. Alfentanil and morphine also reduced VAS score about 4 to 5‐fold during suprathreshold electric stimulation and during infusion of hypertonic saline. None of the drugs decreased referred pain. There were no apparent differences between the drugs, in terms of effect or adverse reactions.In conclusion, this is the first study to compare two high doses of alfentanil and morphine on experimental muscle pain in humans. Both alfentanil and morphine reduced experimental muscle pain. There were no indications of any true pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs.
Effects of water quality and stocking density on growth performance of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua L.)
Authors: Björnsson Björn , Ólafsdóttir Sólveig R. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
In a 5-month experiment where groups of juvenile cod were reared in a flow-through system at low density (Group 1) and in a recirculating system at low (Group 2) and high densities (Group 3), the recirculated water had negative effects on growth rate, nutritional condition, and mortality. After the first month, mean weight was significantly larger in Group 1 than in the other two groups. The effect of stocking density on mean weight was not significant until the end of the experiment, when densities were 9.0 and 48.3 kg m−3 in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. Initial mean weight of fish was 37.3 g and at the termination of the experiment mean weights were 225.2, 181.8, and 167.9 g in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After 5 months, mean condition factors were 1.074, 0.965, and 0.946, mean liver indices 9.5, 9.0, and 7.6, and mean mortalities over the course of the experiment were 1.0%, 5.1%, and 2.4% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Water temperature (10.4–10.6°C), pH (7.2–7.4) and oxygen concentration (8–10 mg l−1) were similar among groups. Concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was similar among groups for the first half of the experiment (0.3–0.4), but during the last month it was 0.6, 1.3, and 1.5 mg l−1 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a negative correlation (r2 = 0.48, n = 36) between relative growth rate and TAN, suggesting that ammonia may have been a limiting factor in the recirculating system. The apparent threshold limit of TAN for reduced growth was approximately 1 mg l−1.
Potential role of NF‐κB in adult neural stem cells: the underrated steersman?
Authors: Widera Darius , Mikenberg Ilja , Kaltschmidt Barbara , Kaltschmidt Christian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNeural stem cells are precursors of neurons and glial cells. During brain development, these cells proliferate, migrate and differentiate into specific lineages. Recently neural stem cells within the adult central nervous system were identified. Informations are now emerging about regulation of stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation by numerous soluble factors such as chemokines and cytokines. However, the signal transduction mechanisms downstream of these factors are less clear.Here, we review potential evidences for a novel central role of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in these crucial signal transduction processes.NF‐κB is an inducible transcription factor detected in neurons, glia and neural stem cells. NF‐κB was discovered by David Baltimore's laboratory as a transcription factor in lymphocytes [Nabel, G., Baltimore, D., 1987. An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature 326 (6114), 711–713]. NF‐κB is involved in many biological processes such as inflammation and innate immunity, development, apoptosis and anti‐apoptosis. It has been recently shown that members of the NF‐κB family are widely expressed by neurons, glia and neural stem cells [Kaltschmidt, B., Kaltschmidt, C., 2003. NF‐κB in the nervous system. In: R. Beyaert (Ed.), Nuclear Factor κB. Regulation and Role in Disease. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 375–394; Denis‐Donini, S., Caprini, A., et al., 2005. Members of the NF‐κB family expressed in zones of active neurogenesis in the postnatal and adult mouse brain. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 154 (1), 81–89]. In the nervous system, NF‐κB plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity, learning, memory consolidation, neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, for review, see [Kaltschmidt, B., Widera, D., et al., 2005. Signaling via NF‐kappaB in the nervous system. Biochim. Biophys. Acta]. Recent data suggest an important role of NF‐κB on proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells.NF‐κB is composed of three subunits: two DNA‐binding and one inhibitory subunit. Activation of NF‐κB takes place in the cytoplasm and results in degradation of the inhibitory subunit, thus enabling the nuclear import of the DNA‐binding subunits. Within the nucleus, several target genes could be activated.In this review, we suggest a model explaining the multiple action of NF‐κB on neural stem cells. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of NF‐κB within the so‐called brain cancer stem cells.
Creating supply chain relational capital: The impact of formal and informal socialization processes
Authors: Cousins Paul D. , Handfield Robert B. , Lawson Benn , Petersen Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEstablishing closer social ties between buying and supplying organizations is increasingly cited as a critical differentiator of high and low performers in global supply chains. While the creation of relational capital within an organization is a relatively well identified concept in organizational research, comparatively little research exists on the inter‐organizational socialization processes that create relational value in supply chains. In our research, we extend theoretical models of group social conduits into this context, and develop a model that posits the impact of formal and informal socialization processes on the creation of relational capital between buyers and suppliers. Results from our study of 111 manufacturing organizations in the United Kingdom suggest that informal socialization processes are important in the creation of relational capital, which in turn can lead to improved supplier relationship outcomes. Formal bridging socialization conduits appear to play a lesser role in deriving these benefits.
Behavior in operations management: Assessing recent findings and revisiting old assumptions
Authors: Bendoly Elliot , Donohue Karen , Schultz Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a perspective on why behavioral research is critical to the operations management (OM) field, what prior research exists, and what opportunities lie ahead. The use of human experiments in operations management is still fairly novel despite a small stream of publications going back more than 20 years. We develop a framework for identifying the types of behavioral assumptions typically made in analytical OM models. We then use this framework to organize the results of prior behavioral research and identify future research opportunities. Our study of prior research is based on a search of papers published between 1985 and 2005 in six targeted journals including the Journal of Operations Management, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Management Science, Decision Sciences, and the Journal of Applied Psychology.
“Déjà Vu” or Memory-Science between Gérard de Nerval and Marcel Proust
Authors: Ender Evelyne 
Published: January 2006

ArgumentCultivated by a number of writers and studied by psychologists, the phenomenon of déjà vu is an invention of the nineteenth century and is part of a broader exploration of how the mind experiences memory and time. Thus this typically benign mental aberration provides an entry-point into the mechanisms that preside over the regulation of the flow of consciousness. The theories of the mind developed recently by neuroscientists help us understand, meanwhile, why investigations into this mental “event” necessarily invoke concepts of representation and narrative. In fact, our increasingly sophisticated models for processes of memory and perception depend on literary representations. This article relies on the paramnesiac writings of Gérard de Nerval, seen through the lens of Proust's analysis, to argue that a consideration of the aesthetic and representational features of déjà-vu can bring us closer to solving the epistemological challenges we face in studying this phenomenon.For Gregory T. Polletta
Comparative Epistemology of Suspicion: Psychoanalysis, Literature, and the Human Sciences
Authors: Strowick Elisabeth 
Published: January 2006

ArgumentIn calling psychoanalysis a “school of suspicion” (Ricoeur 1970, 32), Ricoeur marks at once its use in a disposition characteristic of modernity: the disposition of suspicion. Modernity gives rise to various forms of suspicion, to modern forms of ressentiment and practices of disciplining oneself (the suspicion of oneself) as well as to an epistemology of suspicion. In this essay, I shall analyze the epistemological function of suspicion – which as the “paradigm of clues” (Ginzburg 1988) becomes the leading paradigm of the human sciences in the last third of the nineteenth century – and its close interrelationship with the techniques of power. As I shall demonstrate through a comparative reading of psychoanalytical, literary, and criminological texts, the modern production of knowledge in the human sciences cannot be separated from the modern “micro-physics of power,” which for Foucault was established in the eighteenth century, and the technologies of the self. I shall situate the paradigm of clues within the framework of the modern disposition of suspicion in order to combine the epistemological reflections with an analysis of cultural history. Thus I will first examine the paradigm of clues from the perspectives of cultural theory (Foucault and Nietzsche) and semiotics (Peirce), in order to illuminate the structural unreliability of the episteme as well as the way it is closely linked to the techniques of power. In what follows, I will apply this view to Bertillon's photographic identification system, the psychoanalytical concept of the trace, and Kafka's short story The Burrow.
The tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α−308GA promoter polymorphism is related to prenatal growth and postnatal insulin resistance
Authors: Casano‐Sancho Paula , López‐Bermejo Abel , Fernández‐Real José Manuel , Monrós Eugènia , Valls Carme , Rodríguez‐González Francesc‐Xavier , Ricart Wifredo , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: January 2006

SummaryObjective Variation in the tumour necrosis factor gene, (TNF) has been associated with insulin resistance traits. We questioned whether the TNF−308G/A polymorphism is associated with birthweight and insulin resistance in children born small for gestational age (SGA), a patient population known to be at risk for insulin resistance.Design A cross‐sectional, hospital‐based study assessing insulin sensitivity in SGA children.Patients One hundred and ninety‐eight school‐age children born either SGA (n = 90, age 7·4 ± 4·5 years) or appropriate for gestational age (AGA, n = 108, age 8·7 ± 4·0 years).Measurements All children were genotyped for the TNF−308G/A polymorphism; a biochemical profile was also performed in prepubertal SGA (n = 58) and AGA (n = 57) subjects.Results Genotype frequencies for the TNF−308G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (GG and GA/AA) differed between SGA and AGA children (86%vs. 72% and 14%vs. 28%, respectively; P = 0·025). The GG genotype was associated with lower birthweight and birth length (2747·0 ± 23·3 g vs. 2851·0 ± 45·7 g, P = 0·045, and 47·0 ± 0·2 cm vs. 48·2 ± 0·4 cm, P = 0·011, respectively) and, in AGA but not in SGA children, with higher systolic blood pressure [103·3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 96·4–110·2) mmHg vs. 92·8 (84·9–100·7) mmHg; P = 0·028], higher blood glucose [4·8 (4·7–5·0) mmol/l vs. 4·5 (4·3–4·8) mmol/l; P = 0·042] and higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index [1·4 (1·1–1·7) vs. 0·9 (0·4–1·3); P = 0·005]. In multivariate analysis, the TNF−308GG genotype was an independent predictor of HOMA‐IR during childhood, explaining 8% of its variance.Conclusion SGA children show increased frequency of the TNF−308G allele, an allele that is associated with prenatal growth and with postnatal insulin resistance. The TNF−308G/A polymorphism may have implications in the growth and metabolic abnormalities that characterise SGA children.
Does birthweight predict adolescent adiponectin levels?
Authors: Kim Chul Sik , Park Jong Suk , Park Jina , Nam Ji Sun , Kang Eun Seok , Ahn Chul Woo , Cha Bong Soo , Lim Sung Kil , Kim Kyung Rae , Lee Hyun Chul , Huh Kap Bum , Kim Dae Jung 
Published: January 2006

SummaryObjective Low birthweight is associated with insulin resistance later in life, and adiponectin is known to play an important role in insulin resistance. We have investigated whether birthweight has a relationship with adiponectin levels in adolescence.Patients An at‐home questionnaire survey was completed by 660 middle‐school students (aged 12–15 years) in Seoul, Korea, and 152 participants were selected randomly based on their birthweight.Measurements Subjects were separated into three groups according to birthweight. We recorded the birthweight and measured anthropometric factors including blood pressure, lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and β‐cell function (HOMA‐β), and adiponectin levels of the subjects. These parameters were compared among the groups. The relationship between birthweight and physiological characteristics in adolescence was examined.Results Systolic blood pressure, lipid profiles and fasting plasma glucose were not significantly different among the groups, but diastolic blood pressure was lower in the third tertile. Insulin, C‐peptide and HOMA‐IR were higher in the low birthweight tertile. After adjustment for confounding factors, birthweight was inversely related to diastolic blood pressure, insulin, C‐peptide and HOMA‐IR. Adiponectin level had a significant relationship with current body mass index (BMI) (r = –0·291; P < 0·001) but not with birthweight (r = 0·117; P = 0·166).Conclusions Although birthweight is closely related to insulin resistance during adolescence, adiponectin levels during adolescence had no significant relationship with birthweight. This result implies that low birthweight may not permanently affect adiponectin levels, but current body size is more closely associated with a decreased adiponectin level. However, the limited importance of birthweight as a determining factor on the adiponectin level later in life needs to be further evaluated.
Tissue levels of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Karaduman Mehmet , Sengul Ali , Oktenli Cagatay , Pekel Aysel , Yesilova Zeki , Musabak Ugur , Sanisoglu S. Yavuz , Gunay Celalettin , Baysan Oben , Kocar Ismail H. , Tatar Harun , Ozata Metin 
Published: January 2006

SummaryBackground  There is little information available about any link between the levels of adiponectin, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (H‐FABP) in coronary atherosclerotic plaque specimens.Aim  To analyse tissue levels of adiponectin, ICAM‐1, TNF‐α and H‐FABP in the plaques obtained from coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to evaluate whether there is any relationship between these variables and other characteristics.Patients and methods  Coronary artery specimens from 37 consecutive patients (28 men and nine women) at time of CABG procedure and preprocedural blood samples were obtained. Tissue concentrations of adiponectin, ICAM‐1, TNF‐α and H‐FABP in the atherosclerotic plaques were measured.Results  Blood glucose and tissue levels of TNF‐α and ICAM‐1 were negatively correlated with tissue levels of adiponectin, whereas TNF‐α was positively correlated with ICAM‐1 in atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, there was a positive correlation between blood glucose and tissue levels of both TNF‐α and ICAM‐1. TNF‐α and ICAM‐1 levels in atherosclerotic plaques appear to progressively increase whereas adiponectin levels progressively decrease with smoking status. Atherosclerotic tissue levels of these substances are also altered in diabetes.Conclusions  The data are in accord with those in prior publications on the detection and quantification of various inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic plaques. Our results indicate that diabetic state and smoking, in addition to other physiopathological mechanisms, may create a chronic inflammatory situation in the atherosclerotic process.
The role of histopathology in establishing the diagnosis of tuberculous pericardial effusions in the presence of HIV
Authors: Reuter H , Burgess L J , Schneider J , Van Vuuren W , Doubell A F 
Published: January 2006

Aims : To establish the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the histopathological features of patients presenting with tuberculous pericarditis.Methods and results : A prospective study was carried out at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, South Africa; 36 patients with large pericardial effusions had open pericardial biopsies under general anaesthesia and were included in the study. Patients underwent pericardiocentesis, followed by daily intermittent catheter drainage; a comprehensive diagnostic work‐up (including histopathology of the pericardial tissue) was also performed. Histological tuberculous pericarditis was diagnosed according to predetermined criteria. Tuberculous pericarditis was identified in 25 patients, five of whom were HIV+. The presence of granulomatous inflammation (with or without necrosis) and/or Ziehl–Neelsen positivity yielded the best test results (sensitivity 64%, specificity 100% and diagnostic efficiency 75%).Conclusions : Co‐infection with HIV impacts on the histopathological features of pericardial tuberculosis and leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the test. In areas which have a high prevalence of tuberculosis, the combination of a sensitive test such as adenosine deaminase, chest X‐ray and clinical features has a higher diagnostic efficiency than pericardial biopsy in diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis.
Dental findings of a child with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: JOHNSTON N. J. , FRANKLIN D. L. 
Published: January 2006

Summary.The case presented is that of a 5‐year‐old female with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. Dental findings were severe hypodontia, late dental development, taurodontism of the primary molars, microdontia, and spacing. Hypodontia has previously been reported and therefore this case adds to the evidence that hypodontia may be a common feature of this syndrome. It also suggests that other dental anomalies could occur in children with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome.
Sotos syndrome with hypodontia
Authors: CALLANAN A. P. , ANAND P. , SHEEHY E. C. 
Published: January 2006

Summary.Sotos syndrome, or cerebral gigantism, is a rare genetic condition characterized by tall stature, gigantism, dolichocephaly, advanced bone age and learning disability. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the dental management of a 10‐year‐old boy with Sotos syndrome who presented with hypodontia and dental caries.