bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidative activities of aroma extracts isolated from natural plants
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Geun , Mitchell Alyson , Shibamoto Takayuki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNatural leaves and flowers containing numerous aroma chemicals are widely used in aromatherapy since ancient times. In addition to their pleasant smells, aroma chemicals might have some beneficial health effects. Aroma extracts, isolated from coffee beans, soybeans, and mung beans by steam distillation under mild conditions (55°C and 85 mm Hg) were examined for their antioxidative activities. The inhibitory effect of these extracts toward hexanal/hexanoic acid conversion was measured in the testing solution over prolonged time periods. The inhibitory effects of these extracts toward malonaldehyde formation from lipids oxidized by Fenton's reagent were also measured. The antioxidative activity of these extracts, in particular coffee bean extract, was consistent with that of BHT or α‐tocopherol (vitamin E). Soybeans and mung beans extract contained maltol, which inhibits hexanal oxidation significantly. Eugenol, which is one of the major constituents of mung bean extract, exhibited potent antioxidative activity in an aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Antioxidants such as eugenol and maltol may play an important role in the pharmaceutical activities of natural plant extracts used for aromatherapy.
The JaICA‐Genox Oxidative Stress Profile – An overview on the profiling technique in the oxidative stress assessment and management
Authors: Ochi Hirotomo , Cheng Rong‐Zhu , Kantha Sachi Sri , Takeuchi Masao , Ramarathnam Narasimhan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is widely accepted that oxidative stress (OS) is a major causative factor for many of the age‐related dysfunctions and specific diseases. Since the oxidative stress state (OSS) of an individual depends on hereditary, dietary, and environmental factors, there is a large heterogeneity in the population that may be related to disease incidence and longevity. Hence there is a need to assess how well an individual is coping against OS. The Japan Institute for the Control of Aging (JaICA) and Genox have jointly developed a profiling technique to measure the “Oxidative Stress Profiles (JaICA‐Genox OSP)” of individuals and laboratory test animals. The JaICA‐Genox OSP consists of about 45 different assays measuring the levels of oxidative damage in lipids and nucleic acids, and the antioxidant defenses in the serum. In addition, several bio‐markers for cardiovascular disease risk are also measured, and assays to measure specific age‐ and sex‐related hormones in the serum and urine, and race elements in serum, urine, and drinking water are also undertaken. This overview discusses the designing of the JaICA‐Genox OSP and its application in the testing of human subjects.
Citrus limonoids obacunone and limonin inhibit azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Tanaka Takuji , Kohno Hiroyuki , Tsukio Yoshiaki , Honjo Shiro , Tanino Mikio , Miyake Masaki , Wada Keiji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObacunone and limonin are bitter limonoids in citrus. Their modifying effects on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), the activity of detoxification enzymes, glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR), and cell proliferation activity were investigated in male F344 rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). Obacunone and limonin were administered in the diet, during the initiation (for 4 weeks) or postinitiation phase (for 4 weeks) of AOM‐induced tumorigenesis. Feeding of obacunone and limonin (0.02% or 0.05%) caused significant reduction (55–65% by “initiation” feeding and 28–42% by “postinitiation” feeding) in the yield of ACF. The ability to reduce the proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐labeling index in crypts and correlated well with the prevention of ACF. In a subsequent long‐term experiment (38 weeks), in which rats were initiated with AOM and fed 0.05% obacunone or 0.05% limonin during the initiation or post‐initiation phase, both compounds in diet caused significant reduction (65%–92% inhibition) in the incidence of colonic adenocarcinoma. Thus, citrus bitter limonoids obacunone and limonin possess chemopreventive effects on chemically induced rat colon carcinogenesis.
The role of triterpenoid on reactive oxygen scavenging system: Approach from the new chemiluminescence system (XYZ system)
Authors: Okubo Kazuyoshi , Yoshiki Yumiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe propose that the reactive oxygen species/hydrogen donor/mediator system (XYZ system) is a new chemiluminescence system for the measurement of reactive oxygen scavenging activity. By using this method, we demonstrated the role of triterpenoid on a reactive oxygen scavenging system. DDMP (2,3‐dihydro‐2,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one) conjugated saponin from soybean, produced a low level light emission in the presence of H_2O_2 (X) and gallic acid (Y). The soybean saponin acted as a mediator (Z) on the reactive oxygen scavenging system. When comparing the data of photon emission properties of saponin with that of cholic acids, it concludes that DDMP moiety of soybean saponin plays an important role rather than the aglycon moiety in the radical scavenging system.
Functional properties of wasabi and horseradish
Authors: Kinae Naohide , Masuda Hideki , Shin Il Shik , Furugori Michiyo , Shimoi Kayoko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWasabi (Wasabi japonica) and horseradish (Cholearia armoracia) are used as spices of daily foodstuffs. Allylisothiocyanate (AIT) is a potent component in both plants and occurs by grating them. It is well known that AIT shows inhibitory effect on the growth of food poisoning bacteria and fungi. In this work, several functional properties of roots and leaves from wasabi and horseradish were examined in vitro. Each sample showed peroxidase activity. They also exhibited antioxidative and superoxide scavenging potency. Antimutagenic activity was observed toward 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline [MeIQx], a well‐known mutagen/carcinogen in broiled fish and meat. They also decreased His+ revertant colonies of 3‐chloro‐4‐dichloromethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MX) in the Ames test, a strong mutagen and carcinogen in chlorine disinfected tap water. Isolation of antimutagenic components in wasabi root was done. Three components including (‐)‐(R)‐7‐methylsulfinylheptyl isothiocyanate were identified. These data show that wasabi and horseradish might be potent functional foods for keeping human health.
Antiplatelet and anticancer isothiocyanates in Japanese domestic horseradish, wasabi
Authors: Morimitsu Yasujiro , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Nakagawa Yoko , Horio Fumihiko , Uchida Koji , Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: December 2008

Abstract6‐Methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (MS‐ITC) was isolated from wasabi (Wasabia japonica, Japanese domestic horseradish) as a potential inhibitor of human platelet aggregation in vitro through our extensive screening of vegetables and fruits. In the course of another screening for the induction of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity in RL34 cells, MS‐ITC was inadvertently isolated from wasabi as a potential inducer of GST. MS‐ITC administered to rats or mice also showed both activities in vivo. As a result from elucidation of the platelet aggregation inhibition and the GST induction mechanisms of MS‐ITC, the isothiocyanate moiety of MS‐ITC plays an important role for antiplatelet and anticancer activities because of its highly reactivity with sulfhydryl (‐SH) groups in biomolecules (GSH, cysteine residue in a certain protein, etc.).
Distinctive features in the SelB family of elongation factors for selenoprotein synthesis. A glimpse of an evolutionary complexified translation apparatus
Authors: Fagegaltier Delphine , Carbon Philippe , Krol Alain 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe last ten years have seen a dramatic increase in our understanding of the molecular mechanism allowing specific incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins. Whether in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, this incorporation requires several gene products, among which the specialized elongation factor SelB and the tRNASec play a pivotal role. While the molecular actors have been discovered and their role elucidated in the eubacterial machinery, recent data from our and other laboratories pointed to a higher degree of complexity in archaea and eukaryotes. These findings also revealed that more needs to be discovered in this area.This review will focus on phylogenetic aspects of the SelB proteins. In particular, we will discuss the concerted evolution that occurred within the SelB/tRNASec couples, and also the distinctive roles carried out by the SelB C‐terminal domains in eubacteria on the one side, and archaea and eukaryotes, on the other.
RNA binding proteins and selenocysteine
Authors: Copeland Paul R. , Driscoll Donna M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSelenocysteine is incorporated into protein by a complex co‐translational mechanism that involves both cis and trans acting factors. Among the trans‐acting factors are RNA binding proteins that interact with the selenoprotein 3′ UTRs at a sequence known as the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS). These factors are generally referred to as SBPs, and in this review we will discuss the history of the SBPs, and give a detailed description of the recently identified SBP2 which is the only SBP known to be required for Sec insertion. The mechanism by which SBP2 may be involved in this process will be discussed.
Functional Analysis of Prokaryotic SELB proteins
Authors: Thanbichler Martin , Böck August 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSince the discovery of selenocysteine as the 21st amino acid considerable progress has been made in elucidating the system responsible for its insertion into proteins. Elongation factor SELB, whose amino‐terminal part shows homology to EF‐Tu, was found to be the key component mediating delivery of selenocysteyl‐tRNASec to the ribosomal A site. It exhibits a distinct tertiary structure comprising binding sites for guanosine nucleotides, the cognate tRNA, an mRNA secondary structure (SECIS element) and presumably ribosomal components. The kinetics of interaction of SELB with its ligands have been studied in detail. GDP was found to bind with about 20‐fold lower affinity than GTP and to be in rapid exchange, which obviates the need for a guanosine nucleotide exchange factor. The affinity of SELB for the SECIS element is in the range of 1 nM and further increases upon binding of selenocysteyl‐tRNASec to the protein. This supports the model that SELB forms a tight quaternary complex on the SECIS element which is loosened after insertion of the tRNA into the ribosomal A site and the concomitant hydrolysis of GTP.
Modulation of selenoprotein P expression by TGF‐β1 is mediated by Smad proteins
Authors: Mostert Volker , Dreher Ingeborg , Köhrle Josef , Wolff Sandra , Abel Josef 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSelenoprotein P (SeP) is a selenium‐rich plasma protein which accounts for more than 50% this study, the effect of TGF‐β1 on the expression of SeP in the human liver cell line HepG2 was investigated. Western analysis revealed a dose‐dependent reduction of SeP content in cell supernatant. RT‐PCR analysis of SeP‐mRNA expression demonstrated a marked inhibition and a reporter gene under control of the SeP promoter was negatively regulated by TGF‐β1.Smad proteins are the transcriptional mediators of TGF‐β signaling. A putative Smad‐binding element (SBE) is present in the SeP promoter. In electrophoretic‐mobility‐shift assays, TGF‐β1 enhanced the binding of nuclear proteins to this SBE. Overexpression of Smad3 and 4 resulted in a downregulation of SeP‐promoter activity whereas deletion of the SBE led to a loss of TGF‐β1 responsiveness. We conclude that SeP expression is modulated by the binding of Smad3/4 complexes to a functional SBE in the SeP promoter.
Effect of selenium on the immunocompetence of patients with head and neck cancer and on adoptive immunotherapy of early and established lesions
Authors: Kiremidjian‐Schumacher L. , Roy M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSupplementation with 200 μg/day of sodium selenite during therapy for squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) of the head and neck, e.g., surgery, radiation, or surgery and radiation, resulted in a significantly enhanced cell‐mediated immune responsiveness. The enhanced responsiveness was evident during therapy and following conclusion of therapy. In contrast, patients in the placebo arm of the study showed a decline in immune responsiveness during therapy. The results from studies on mice inoculated with SQCC cells expressing the receptor for interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and supplemented with Se (2.00 ppm) indicated that Se significantly retards the clinical appearance of tumors; peritumoral injections of 2,000 IU of IL‐2 resulted in 50% reduction in the size of established tumors and 72% of early tumors. The combined data suggested that local immunotherapy with IL‐2 in hosts supplemented with Se may represent an effective modality of treatment for the prevention of recurrences at the site of conventionally treated primary tumors.
Se‐methylselenocysteine activates caspase‐3 in mouse mammary epithelial tumor cells in vitro
Authors: Unni Emmanual , Singh Uma , Ganther Howard E. , Sinha Raghu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSe‐methylselenocysteine (MSC) inhibits mouse mammary epithelial tumor cell (TM6) growth. When synchronized TM6 cells were exposed to 50 μM MSC, either for 30 minutes or continuous, the 116 kDa poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase (PARP) was cleaved to an 85 kDa fragment indicative of cells undergoing apoptosis. The earliest cleaved PARP appears at 24 hr time point followed by elevated levels of 85 kDa fragment at 34 hr and 48 hr time points when the cells were exposed to continuous treatment with MSC. Results also showed that MSC increased caspase‐3 activity at 24 hr time point. In addition, continuous treatment with MSC induced DNA fragmentation at 34 hr and 48 hr time points with caspase‐3 gene expression moderately increased at 16hr and 24 hr time points. Caspase‐6 and ‐8 were also involved in the MSC‐induced apoptosis but to a lesser extent. These results suggest that MSC mediates cleavage of PARP and apoptosis by activating one or more caspases in synchronized TM6 cells and the events are dependent on the duration of treatment.
The effect of a selenium supplementation on the outcome of patients with severe systemic inflammation, burn and trauma
Authors: Gärtner Roland , Albrich Werner , Angstwurm Matthias W. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPatients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis exhibit decreased plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity. This has been shown in several clinical studies. Moreover, the degree of selenium deficiency correlates with the severity of the disease and the incidence of mortality. Patients with SIRS and sepsis are exposed to severe oxidative stress. Selenoenzymes play a major role in protecting cells against peroxidation, especially lipid peroxidation and are involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Therefore, selenium substitution in those patients might be effective in the prevention of multiorgan failure.The results of randomised clinical trials investigating selenium substitution in critical ill patients with inflammation are reviewed. In two independently performed randomised, prospective clinical trials, including patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis, the supplementation of selenium revealed a significant reduction in multiorgan failure and, especially, a lower incidence of acute renal failure and respiratory distress syndrome. One of those trials also could demonstrate a significant reduction of mortality in the most severely ill patients. Two other studies, where selenium together with other trace elements or a mixture of antioxidants were used in the treatment of patients with severe burn injuries or trauma showed a significant reduction in the secondary infection rate, including sepsis. Thus, selenium supplementation seems to improve the outcome of patients with SIRS, sepsis and severe injury, however, pivotal prospective clinical trials with sufficient statistical power are now necessary to finally prove the efficacy of a selenium supplementation in these diseases.
PHGPx and spermatogenesis
Authors: Roveri Antonella , Ursini Fulvio , Flohé Leopold , Maiorino Matilde 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPHGPx of rat sperm mitochondrial capsule is cross‐linked and inactive. The enzyme is in part released in an active form by mercaptoethanol. Treatment with H2O2 of reduced and solubilised capsule proteins, in the absence of any added reductant, results in: i) H2O2 consumption which depends on the presence of both, PHGPx activity and protein thiols; ii) protein thiol oxidation with a stoichiometry of 2 equivalents of thiol per mole of hydroperoxide and, iii) PHGPx inactivation and cross‐linking. SDS‐PAGE analysis of monobromobimane‐labeled proteins, following incubation with H2O2, shows that the oxidation takes place in specific bands in the area of 20 kDa.It is concluded that the protein thiol peroxidase activity of PHGPx is responsible for cross‐linking proteins in the mammalian sperm capsule and accounts for the selenium dependency of spermatogenesis.
The green technology of selenium phytoremediation
Authors: Bañuelos G. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSelenium toxicity is encountered in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world with alkaline, seleniferous soils derived from marine sediments. Once present in soils and waters at high concentrations, Se is very complicated and highly expensive to remove with conventional physical and chemical techniques. Phytoremediation is a plant‐based technology that is being considered for managing Se in central California soils. The technology involves the use of plants in conjunction with microbial activity associated with the plants to extract, accumulate, and volatilize Se. Once absorbed by plant roots, Se is translocated to the shoot where it may be harvested and removed from the site. Therefore, plant species used for phytoremediation of Se‐laden soils may by plant uptake and volatilization minimize the Se load eventually entering agricultural effluent and the harvested crop can be carefully blended with animal forage and fed to animals in Se‐deficient areas.
Dietary gangliosides positively modulate the percentages of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte subsets in small intestine of mice at weaning
Authors: Vázquez Enrique , Gil Angel , Rueda Ricardo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe studied the influence of dietary gangliosides on the number of spontaneous cytokine‐secreting cells from two intestinal lymphocyte populations: lamina propria lymphocytes and Peyer's patches lymphocytes in Balb/c mice for 28 days after weaning. Weanling mice were separated into two groups, designated as Control and BG. The Control group was fed with a semipurified diet without gangliosides and the BG group was fed with the semipurified diet supplemented with 47 mg/kg of a mixture of bovine brain gangliosides. Intestinal lymphocytes were isolated from mice killed at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after weaning, and the percentages of spontaneous Th1 as well as Th2 cytokine‐secreting lymphocytes were determined using the ELISPOT assay. The BG group animals showed an earlier development in the number of cytokine‐secreting cells, which appeared one week later in Control animals. In addition, mice fed with the ganglioside‐supplemented diet showed a significantly higher number of Th1 and Th2 cytokine‐secreting lymphocytes than Control mice in lamina propria and Peyer's patches lymphocytes at the end of the experimental period (28 days). Our results suggest that dietary gangliosides influence the maturation process of the intestinal immune system that take place during weaning.
Prospects for enhancement of the soluble antioxidants, ascorbate and glutathione
Authors: Foyer Christine H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAscorbic acid (vitamin C) and the tripeptide thiol, glutathione γ‐glutamyl cysteinyl glycine (glutathione) are the major low molecular weight soluble antioxidants in plant cells. The pathway of glutathione biosynthesis is similar in animals and plants while that of ascorbate biosynthesis differs considerably between the two kingdoms. The potential for obtaining substantial constitutive changes in the tissue contents of these antioxidants by manipulation of the biosynthetic enzymes has been demonstrated. Moreover, the concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione are greatly modified in response to a variety of environmental triggers, particularly those that cause increased oxidative stress. It is essential that the signals and associated signal transduction pathways that trigger enhanced antioxidant accumulation are elucidated as these offer an important alternative means of achieving greater nutritional value in edible plant organs.
Formation of novel bioactive metabolites from the reactions of pro‐inflammatory oxidants with polyphenolics
Authors: Boersma Brenda J. , Patel Rakesh P. , Botting Nigel , White C. Roger , Parks Dale , Barnes Stephen , Darley‐Usmar Victor M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDietary polyphenolics such as those in soy or red wine can have beneficial effects on the development of chronic human diseases. The mechanisms of action of isoflavones have been diverse and include their roles as weak estrogens, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase‐dependent signal transduction processes and as antioxidants. Recent insights into the oxidative stress model of atherosclerosis suggest an interesting synthesis of these concepts. Sites of inflammation are associated with the formation of complex mixtures of reactive oxygen, nitrogen and halogenating species capable of modifying both endogenous biomolecules and polyphenolics. Of particular significance are the halogenation reactions mediated by myeloperoxidase that can modify key amino acids such as arginine and polyphenolics such as genistein. Hypochlorite, the reaction product of myeloperoxidase can halogenate polyphenolics to form stable derivatives with modified biological activity. Thus the in situ metabolism at sites of inflammation is unique and generates novel pharmacophores with potentially distinct modes of action from the parent compounds.
Nitric oxide as a regulator of gene expression: Studies with the transcription factor proteins cJun and p50
Authors: Pineda‐Molina Estela , Lamas Santiago 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBoth oxidative and nitrosative stresses may result in the inactivation of the binding to DNA of redox‐sensitive transcription factors. The underlying biochemical mechanisms may involve oxidation or nitrosylation of critical thiols within the DNA binding domains of these proteins. However, S‐glutahionylation, the formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the redox‐sensitive cysteine residues, has been shown to occur under NO exposure and pro‐oxidative conditions in c‐Jun, one of the AP‐1 constituents [1,2]. This modification may be functionally important as it is reversible and has been detected in other transcription factors, such as NF‐κ, by using covalent chromatography with a modified S‐nitrosoglutathione sepharose [3].