bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goldberg–Shprintzen syndrome—A rare case from India
Authors: Pradeepkumar Murugasamy , Kaviya Mohandass , Gomathi Mohan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGoldberg–Shprintzen Syndrome (GOSHS, OMIM# 182212) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with the characteristic features of craniosynostosis, developmental delays, intellectual disability, hypotonia, joint laxity, respiratory dysfunction, cardiovascular abnormalities, and abdominal hernias. Here we presented a rare case of 5‐years old male child with facial dysmorphism, global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, respiratory infection, breathing abnormalities, hematochezia, and meconium ileus. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous deletion mutation in kinesin family binding protein (KIFBP) gene, NM_015634.4:c.1151del (p.Leu384Ter), which confirmed the molecular diagnosis of GOSHS.
Staging the Tories' Islamic Jihad against George I and the Whigs in Edward Young's The Revenge
Authors: Alhawamdeh Hussein A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes Edward Young's nuanced employment of Islam and appropriation of the Qur'an, first translated into English as The Alcoran of Mahomet in 1649, to attack allegorically the Tories' aspirations to support James Francis Edward Stuart (1701–1766), who was nicknamed “the Old Pretender” by the Whigs and James III by the Tories, to restore Catholicism/Islam into Hanoverian England. Edward Young's The Revenge (1721), which adapts Shakespeare's Othello (1604), dramatizes the Moor Zanga, who is of royal Moorish descent and the captive of the Spanish general Don Alonzo, performing Jihad on himself in revenge for the slaughter of his father king and nation by Alonzo/George I. The character of the Muslim Zanga embodies two levels of materialization and refashioning from the Whigs' perspective: Firstly, he connotes George I's Turkish servants, Mahomet and Mustapha, who signify the Hanoverian king's power and dominance over the Turks. Secondly, he draws a parallel to the Old Pretender's and the Tories' rebellions of 1715 and 1719 within a Jihadist and Qur'anic framework, serving as a political allegory of the Tories' attempts to dethrone George I.
Utilizing a learning health system to capture real‐world patient data: Application of the reliable change index to evaluate and improve the outcome of a pain rehabilitation program
Authors: You Dokyoung S. , Chong Jeanette L. , Mackey Sean C. , Poupore‐King Heather 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe learning healthcare system (LHS) has been developed to integrate patients' clinical data into clinical decisions and improve treatment outcomes. Having little guidance on this integration process, we aim to explain (a) an applicable analytic tool for clinicians to evaluate the clinical outcomes at a group and an individual level and (b) our quality improvement (QI) project, analyzing the outcomes of a new outpatient pain rehabilitation program (“Back‐in‐Action”: BIA) and applying the analysis results to modify our clinical practice.MethodsThrough our LHS (CHOIR; https://choir.stanford.edu), we administered the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMIS)® before and after BIA. After searching for appropriate analytic tools, we decided to use the Reliable Change Index (RCI) to determine if an observed change in the direction of better (improvement) or worse (deterioration) would be beyond or within the measurement error (no change).ResultsOur RCI calculations revealed that at least a 9‐point decrease in the PCS scores and 10‐point increase in the CPAQ scores would indicate reliable improvement. RCIs for the PROMIS measures ranged from 5 to 8 T‐score points (i.e., 0.5–0.8 SD). When evaluating change scores of the PCS, CPAQ, and PROMIS measures, we found that 94% of patients showed improvement in at least one domain after BIA and 6% showed no reliable improvement.ConclusionsOur QI project revealed RCI as a useful tool to evaluate treatment outcomes at a group and an individual level, and RCI could be incorporated into the LHS to generate a progress report automatically for clinicians. We further explained how clinicians could use RCI results to modify a clinical practice, to improve the outcomes of a pain program, and to develop individualized care plans. Lastly, we suggested future research areas to improve the LHS application in pain practice.
Efficacy of transcranial photobiomodulation in the treatment for major depressive disorder: A TMS‐EEG and pilot study
Authors: Hao Wensi , Dai Xiaona , Wei Min , Li Siran , Peng Mao , Xue Qing , Lin Hua , Wang Huicong , Song Penghui , Wang Yuping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) was a prevalent mental condition that may be accompanied by decreased excitability of left frontal pole (FP) and abnormal brain connections. An 820 nm tPBM can induce an increase in stimulated cortical excitability. The purpose of our study was to establish how clinical symptoms and time‐varying brain network connectivity of MDD were affected by transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM).MethodsA total of 11 patients with MDD received 820 nm tPBM targeting the left FP for 14 consecutive days. The severity of symptoms was evaluated by neuropsychological assessments at baseline, after treatment, 4‐week and 8‐week follow‐up; 8‐min transcranial magnetic stimulation combined electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) was performed for five healthy controls and five patients with MDD before and after treatment, and time‐varying EEG network was analyzed using the adaptive‐directed transfer function.ResultsAll of scales scores in the 11 patients decreased significantly after 14‐day tPBM (p < .01) and remained at 8‐week follow‐up. The time‐varying brain network analysis suggested that the brain regions with enhanced connection information outflow in MDD became gradually more similar to healthy controls after treatment.ConclusionsThis study showed that tPBM of the left FP could improve symptoms of patients with MDD and normalize the abnormal network connections.
The effect of frailty levels of older individuals on their mental well‐being and depression levels
Authors: Biçak Ayik Derya , Cengiz Zeliha , Isik Kevser 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrailty has become an important public health issue. This study was conducted to determine the effect of frailty levels of older individuals on their mental well‐being and depression levels.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted with a total of 325 older individuals aged 60 years and over. A demographic questionnaire form, the FRAIL Frailty Scale, the Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐Being Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form were used to collect data. Data were evaluated using the SPSS 25.0 package program. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi‐square, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were used.ResultsThe mean age of the older individuals was 69.56 ± 7.75 years, and the variables of age, education level, income status, the person they were living with, regular medication use, forgetting to take medication, urinary incontinence, hospitalisation, and accidents were found to affect both frailty and depression (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between frailty and depression (r: 0.460, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between mental frailty and well‐being (r: −0.391, P < 0.001). Socio‐demographic variables, depression, and mental well‐being had a 40% effect on frailty (P < 0.001).ConclusionDepression status and mental well‐being level are related to frailty, so negativity in one of them negatively affects the other. In line with these results, it is recommended to determine the level of depression and mental well‐being of older individuals with high risk of frailty, and according to the results of the research, to provide care and support regarding the predictors affecting frailty.
Unpredictable threat increases early event‐related potential amplitudes and cardiac acceleration: A brain–heart coupling study
Authors: Gerpheide Kathrin , Unterschemmann Sarah‐Louise , Panitz Christian , Bierwirth Philipp , Gross James J. , Mueller Erik M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the face of unpredictable threat, rapid processing of external events and behavioral mobilization through early psychophysiological responses are crucial for survival. While unpredictable threat generally enhances early processing, it would seem adaptive to particularly increase sensitivity for unexpected events as they may signal danger. To examine this possibility, n = 77 participants performed an auditory oddball paradigm and received unpredictable shocks in threat but not in safe contexts while a stream of frequent (standard) and infrequent (deviant) tones was presented. We assessed event‐related potentials (ERP), heart period (HP), and time‐lagged within‐subject correlations of single‐trial EEG and HP (cardio‐EEG covariance tracing, CECT) time‐locked to the tones. N1 and P2 ERP amplitudes were generally enhanced under threat. The P3 amplitude was enhanced to deviants versus standards and this effect was reduced in the threat condition. Regarding HP, both threat versus safe and unexpected versus expected tones led to stronger cardiac acceleration, suggesting separate effects of threat and stimulus expectancy on HP. Finally, CECTs revealed two correlation clusters, indicating that single‐trial EEG magnitudes in the N1/P2 and P3 time‐windows predicted subsequent cardiac acceleration. The current results show that an unpredictable threat context enhances N1 and P2 amplitudes and cardiac acceleration to benign auditory stimuli. They further suggest separable cortical correlates of different effects on cardiac activity: an early N1/P2 correlate associated with threat‐effects on HP and a later P3 correlate associated with expectedness‐effects. Finally, the results indicate that unpredictable threat attenuates rather than enhances the processing of unexpected benign events during the P3 latency.
Can I see it in the eyes? An investigation of freezing‐like motion patterns in response to avoidable threat
Authors: Merscher Alma‐Sophia , Gamer Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFreezing is one of the most extensively studied defensive behaviors in rodents. Both reduced body and gaze movements during anticipation of threat also occur in humans and have been discussed as translational indicators of freezing but their relationship remains unclear. We thus set out to elucidate body and eye movements and concomitant autonomic dynamics in anticipation of avoidable threat. Specifically, 50 participants viewed naturalistic pictures that were preceded by a colored fixation cross, signaling them whether to expect an inevitable (shock), no (safety), or a potential shock (flight) that could be avoided by a quick button press. Body sway, eye movements, the heart rate and skin conductance were recorded. We replicated previously described reductions in body sway, gaze dispersion, and the heart rate, and a skin conductance increase in flight trials. Stronger reductions in gaze but not in body sway predicted faster motor reactions on a trial‐wise basis, highlighting their functional role in action preparation. We failed to find a trait‐like relationship between body and gaze movements across participants, but their temporal profiles were positively related within individuals, suggesting that both metrics partly reflect the same construct. However, future research is desirable to assess these response patterns in naturalistic environments. A more ethological examination of different movement dynamics upon threat would not only warrant better comparability between rodent and human research but also help determine whether and how eye‐tracking could be implemented as a proxy for fear‐related movements in restricted brain imaging environments.
All roads lead from Rome: the transcultural career of Francisco de Reynoso
Authors: Baker‐Bates Piers 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the transcultural career of one particular Spanish ecclesiastic, the Palencian, Francisco de Reynoso (1534–1601). Reynoso is a far more significant historical and cultural figure than has previously been thought, although never the subject of a holistic study. He began his ecclesiastical life as major domo and secretary of Pope Pius V and ended it as Bishop of Córdoba. Through a novel and detailed analysis of Reynoso's career and patronage the article sheds new light on the dynamics of a broader Iberian world that co‐existed between Spain and Italy. It reveals the ties that continued to bind Reynoso to Rome, where he had lived for some ten years, throughout his long career and demonstrates how easily individuals could now transition between Spain and Italy. In particular, the extensive opportunities for cultural patronage that were offered thereby are analysed, Reynoso was to prove a discerning patron in many fields – art, architecture, music and literature. Finally, it makes a revealing comparison between Reynoso and the career trajectory of his exact Bolognese contemporary and colleague, Alessandro Casale, as to the different possibilities this Iberian world now offered the ambitious cleric.
Association of handgrip strength with suicidal ideation among adults aged ≥50 years from low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Smith Lee , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Soysal Pinar , Veronese Nicola , Gibson Poppy , Pizzol Damiano , Jacob Louis , Butler Laurie , Barnett Yvonne , Oh Hans , Shin Jae Il , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength and suicidal ideation in representative samples of adults aged ≥50 years from six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa).MethodsCross‐sectional, community‐based data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Handgrip strength quintiles by sex were created based on the average value of two handgrip measurements of the dominant hand. Self‐reported information on past 12‐month suicidal ideation was collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations.ResultsData on 34,129 individuals were analyzed [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0) years; age range 50–114 years; 52.1% females]. After adjustment for potential confounders, in the overall sample, compared to the handgrip strength quintile with the highest values [Quintile 1 (Q1)], Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 were associated with significant 2.15 (95% CI = 1.05–4.39), 2.78 (95% CI = 1.06–7.32), 3.53 (95% CI = 1.68–7.42), and 6.79 (95% CI = 2.80–16.48) times higher odds for suicidal ideation.ConclusionsLower handgrip strength was significantly and dose‐dependently associated with higher odds for suicidal ideation in adults aged ≥50 years from LMICs. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, and whether increasing general muscular strength and physical function may lead to reduction in suicidal ideation.
Microneedles: A novel clinical technology for evaluating skin characteristics
Authors: Kim Seo Hyeong , Kim Ji Hye , Choi Yoon Mi , Seo Su Min , Jang Eun Young , Lee Sung Jae , Cho Suhyun , Jeong Do Hyeon , Lee Kwang Hoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent methods for evaluating efficacy of cosmetics have limitations because they cannot accurately measure changes in the dermis. Skin sampling using microneedles allows identification of skin‐type biomarkers, monitoring treatment for skin inflammatory diseases, and evaluating efficacy of anti‐aging and anti‐pigmentation products.Materials and methodsTwo studies were conducted: First, 20 participants received anti‐aging treatment; second, 20 participants received anti‐pigmentation treatment. Non‐invasive devices measured skin aging (using high‐resolution 3D‐imaging in the anti‐aging study) or pigmentation (using spectrophotometry in the anti‐pigmentation study) at weeks 0 and 4, and adverse skin reactions were monitored. Skin samples were collected with biocompatible microneedle patches. Changes in expression of biomarkers for skin aging and pigmentation were analyzed using qRT‐PCR.ResultsNo adverse events were reported. In the anti‐aging study, after 4 weeks, skin roughness significantly improved in 17 out of 20 participants. qRT‐PCR showed significantly increased expression of skin‐aging related biomarkers: PINK1 in 16/20 participants, COL1A1 in 17/20 participants, and MSN in 16/20 participants. In the anti‐pigmentation study, after 4 weeks, skin lightness significantly improved in 16/20 participants. qRT‐PCR showed significantly increased expression of skin‐pigmentation‐related biomarkers: SOD1 in 15/20 participants and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in 15/20 participants. No significant change in TFAP2A was observed.ConclusionSkin sampling and mRNA analysis for biomarkers provides a novel, objective, quantitative method for measuring changes in the dermis and evaluating the efficacy of cosmetics. This approach complements existing evaluation methods and has potential application in assessing the effectiveness of medical devices, medications, cosmeceuticals, healthy foods, and beauty devices.
Unraveling the impact of urban form on location's irreplaceability: An analysis from the perspective of spatiotemporal heterogeneity
Authors: Wu Chao , Gao Fanzong , Ye Xinyue , He Qingsong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe concept of a location's irreplaceability pertains to its unique characteristics that make it challenging for other locations to replace in terms of providing services and meeting needs. While scholars have shown great enthusiasm for studying location irreplaceability, accurately measuring it and understanding the effects of urban form have not been thoroughly explored through empirical research. This study selects Shenzhen, China, as the study area. First, the I‐index, which focuses on geographic flow, is utilized to measure the location's irreplaceability using mobile phone data. Subsequently, the factors related to urban form are analyzed from the perspectives of demography, building capacity, public services, and the location's conditions. Finally, a geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR) is constructed to explore the spatiotemporal relationships between irreplaceability and urban form. The study demonstrates that the I‐index, considering flow volume and distance, can effectively measure the location's irreplaceability. The results of GTWR indicate that the location's irreplaceability and its influencing factors exhibit spatiotemporal heterogeneity. This study advances our understanding of the relationships between location irreplaceability and urban form both conceptually and methodologically. The findings have practical implications for urban design and planning, including urban space optimization, facility equity, and the alleviation of traffic congestion.
Estimating the effects of trade agreements: Lessons from 60 years of methods and data
Authors: Larch Mario , Yotov Yoto V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStarting with Tinbergen (1962, Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic policy, The Twentieth Century Fund), quantifying the effects of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on international trade flows has always been among the most popular topics in the trade literature. Also not surprisingly, to estimate the effects of RTAs, most researchers and policy analysts have relied on the workhorse model of trade—the gravity equation. Over the past 60 years, there have been many important developments in the RTA literature, both in terms of better methods to quantify their effects, and in terms of more and higher quality data. The objective of this paper is to trace the evolution of the methods and data developments in the RTA literature, from Tinbergen's very first exploration until today, and to critically evaluate their significance for our ability to measure the impact of RTAs (and other policies) on international trade.
Böttcher coordinates at wild superattracting fixed points
Authors: Fu Hang , Nie Hongming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet be a prime number, let with , and let be the Böttcher coordinate satisfying . Salerno and Silverman conjectured that the radius of convergence of in is . In this article, we confirm that this conjecture is true by showing that it is a special case of our more general result.
Thermodynamic Performance Assessment of Air Conditioner Combining Evaporative and Passive Cooling
Authors: Gupta Sunil Kumar , Arora B. B. , Arora Akhilesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The global increase in refrigeration and air conditioning applications poses a severe problem as regards the environmental degradation caused by greenhouse gas emissions. This study introduces a novel approach wherein both evaporative cooling and passive cooling are integrated to unveil notable enhancements in energy and exergy compared to conventional air conditioning systems. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the thermal performance of a 1.5-ton split air conditioner (SAC) employing outdoor (condenser) evaporative and indoor passive cooling (EPC). The heat removal capacity of a condenser and SAC performance are greatly affected by the air temperature at the condenser inlet. Evaporative cooling serves to lower outdoor air temperature, while passive cooling minimizes the indoor cooling load. Design parameters encompass outdoor temperature (Ta = 30–44 °C), relative humidity (RH = 20–80%), and temperature reduction due to passive cooling (ΔTR = 0.5–5 °C). A model is developed to calculate the temperature reductions of outdoor air through evaporative cooling in diverse climatic conditions, while the range of passive cooling degrees is obtained from previous experiments. Results indicate a substantial enhancement in the thermodynamic performance of the proposed system. The maximum coefficient of performance (COP) improvement of 68.66% is achieved at 44 °C outside temperature and 20% relative humidity. Annual energy savings, under extreme operating conditions, range from 358.4 kWh to 2116.8 kWh. The EPC SAC is identified as more sustainable than the conventional split air conditioner (CSAC). Moreover, the projected system is anticipated to recoup its costs within a relatively short period of 1.42 years.
Novel Anti-Wear Performance of Nano Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide in Boundary Lubrication Under High Temperature
Authors: Yan Qingqing , Chang Qiuying , Yang He , Hao Lichun , Gao Rongqin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the operation of the machine, the tribological properties of the lubricant are apt to deteriorate with temperature elevation. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek a lubricant additive with good high-temperature tribological properties. In this study, the tribological performance of nano magnesium silicate hydroxide (MSH) as a lubricant additive were investigated at 40–200 ℃ and the results show that the wear of the sliding surface lubricated by PAO10 with MSH as the additive is very slight. The worn surface was characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The experimental results display that the electrostatic adsorption between [Si4O10]4− released from MSH and steel surface contributes to the formation of SiO2 film; whereas ion exchange reaction between the phase transformation product of MSH in the contact zone and steel surface results in the chemical bonding Si–O–Fe, and the existence of the bonding facilitate the formation of the protective tribofilm with strong adhesion at high temperature.