bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canopy Characteristics and their Ability to Predict Peanut Maturity
Authors: Rowland D. L. , Sorensen R. B. , Butts C. L. , Faircloth W. H. , Sullivan D. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo ensure maximum economic return, a peanut producer must accurately predict harvest time, delaying as long as possible to reach optimal crop maturity without risking losses through mechanical damage due to deteriorating peg attachments. Currently utilized methods for predicting peanut maturity are based on hull color determination and are labor-intensive and subject to the observer's ability to finely discriminate color classes. This study sought to test and evaluate canopy traits that may be correlated with crop maturity. Specifically, the objective of this study was to determine if plant canopy characteristics could be used successfully to predict peanut maturity, through the correlation of solute concentrations, chlorophyll content, nutrient analysis, and reflectance with crop maturity. Using sequential harvest dates in 2003 and 2004 at two sites (Sasser and Dawson, GA), canopy characteristics including: Brix, osmolality, chlorophyll content, macro- and micro-nutrients, and spectral indices were correlated with the maturity of the crop represented by Maturity Index 1 (the percentage of brown and black pods). Stepwise regression of these canopy characteristics with Maturity Index 1 indicated seven leaf characteristics were important in predicting the maturity of the crop: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and iron. By calculating and summing the relative change of these leaf nutrients from the first to the last harvest, it was determined this Change Index showed a quadratic relationship across harvests. Therefore, it appears that crop maturity in the southeastern U.S. can be accurately and objectively predicted through the use of late season canopy nutrient analysis. Canopy reflectance in the 830 and 850 nm region also showed strong correlation with crop maturity indicating that the use of remotely sensed spectral indices should be further developed as a crop maturity predictor in this region.
Disease and Insect Assessment of Candidate Cultivars for Potential Use in Organic Peanut Production
Authors: Branch W. D. , Culbreath A. K. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Interest in organic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production is increasing in the United States. Disease and insect resistant cultivars will be needed to meet the challenge of producing peanuts without conventional pesticides. No-fungicide and no-insecticide field trials were conducted under irrigation four consecutive years (2003–06) at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station to evaluate peanut genotypes for pest resistance. The most important foliar peanut diseases in the southeast are tomato spotted wilt (TSW) caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus and both early and late leafspots caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, respectively. Two of the most important insect pests on peanut are tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris). Results from these no-fungicide and no-insecticide field trials showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in pest resistance among advanced Georgia breeding lines and cultivars. Two Georgia cultivars ‘Georgia-01R’ and ‘Georgia-05E’ consistently produced the highest yields and had high levels of resistance to TSW, leafhoppers, and leafspots each year. Georgia-01R is a multiple-pest-resistant, mid-oleic, runner-type cultivar; whereas, Georgia-05E is a multiple-pest-resistant, high-oleic, virginia-type cultivar. Both cultivars should be considered as good candidates for potential use in organic peanut production.
Temperature Responsive Solution Partition of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Chung Po‐Wen , Kumar Rajeev , Pruski Marek , Lin Victor S.‐Y. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle materials (PNiPAm‐MSNs) has been synthesized by a surface‐initiated living radical polymerization with a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) reaction. The structure and the degree of polymerization of the PNiPAm‐MSNs has been characterized by a variety of techniques, including nitrogen sorption analysis, 29Si and 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The thermally induced changes of the surface properties of these polymer‐coated core–shell nanoparticles have been determined by examining their partition activities in a biphasic solution (water/toluene) at different temperatures.
Multifunctional Bismuth‐Doped Nanoporous Silica Glass: From Blue‐Green, Orange, Red, and White Light Sources to Ultra‐Broadband Infrared Amplifiers
Authors: Zhou Shifeng , Jiang Nan , Zhu Bin , Yang Hucheng , Ye Song , Lakshminarayana Gandham , Hao Jianhua , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUltra‐broadband luminescent sources that emit light over an extremely wide wavelength range are of great interest in the fields of photonics, medical treatment, and precision measurement. Extensive research has been conducted on materials doped with rare‐earth and transition‐metal ions, but the goal of fabricating an ultra‐broadband emitter has not been attained. We present a facile method to realize this kind of novel light source by stabilizing “active” centers (bismuth) in a “tolerant” host (nanoporous silica glass). The obtained highly transparent materials, in which, unusually, multiple bismuth centers (Bi+, Bi2+, and Bi3+) can be stabilized, emit in an ultra‐broadband wavelength range from blue‐green, orange, red, and white to the near‐infrared region. This tunable luminescence covers the spectral range of the traditional three primary colors (RGB) and also the telecommunications windows.
Cockayne syndrome type II in a Druze isolate in Northern Israel in association with an insertion mutation in ERCC6
Authors: Falik‐Zaccai Tzipora C. , Laskar Meital , Kfir Nechama , Nasser Wael , Slor Hanoch , Khayat Morad 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCockayne syndrome (CS) (OMIM #133540) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe growth and developmental retardation, progressive neurological dysfunction and symptoms of premature aging. The underlying cause of the disease is a defect in transcription‐coupled DNA repair, specifically the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. To date, about half of the reported CS cases have an altered cellular response to UV resulting from mutations in either the CSA or the CSB genes. We have identified a large, highly consanguineous, Druze kindred descended from a single ancestor, with six CS cases. All six of them presented with the congenital severe phenotype that includes severe failure to thrive, severe mental retardation, congenital cataracts, loss of adipose tissue, joint contractures, distinctive face with small, deep‐set eyes and prominent nasal bridge, and kyphosis. They had no language skills, could not sit or walk independently, and died by the age of 5 years. Cellular studies of the fibroblasts from three patients showed a significant defect in transcription‐coupled DNA repair (TCR) and a marked correction of the abnormal cellular phenotype with a plasmid containing the cDNA of the ERCC6 gene. Molecular studies led to identification of a novel insertion mutation, c.1034‐1035insT in exon 5 of the ERCC6 gene (p.Lys345Asnfs*24). This mutation was identified in 1:15 healthy individuals from the same village, indicating an extremely high carrier frequency. Identification of the causative mutation enables comprehensive genetic counseling among the population at risk from this village. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiologic transition in an isolated indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Malina Robert M. , Peña Reyes Maria Eugenia , Little Bertis B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to analyze age‐specific mortality in a rural indigenous community in the throes of a secular increase in size in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, over 30 years, 1970–1999. Variation in mortality by age group was analyzed over time for evidence of an epidemiological transition. The seasonal rain pattern in the Valley of Oaxaca (83% from May through September) was evaluated for its relationship with mortality in wet and dry months. Mortality and causes of death changed markedly over the 30‐year interval. Infant and preschool mortality, overall mortality, and causes of death changed from the 1970s through the 1990s. Prereproductive deaths (<15 years) predominated in the 1970s and were largely due to gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, with periodic outbreaks of measles. Deaths of adults 65+ years predominated in the 1990s and were largely due to degenerative diseases usually associated with aging. The marked changes in age and causes of death over the three decades (epidemiologic transition from Stage I to Stage II) occurred concurrently with significant secular increases in body size in children, adolescents, and young adults, highlighting improved health and nutritional conditions in the community which is in early Stage II of the demographic transition. The demographic transition to Stage II is a leading indicator (15–25 years lag) for the onset of the secular trend, while the epidemiologic transition to Stage II is a predictor that the secular increase is in process in the study community. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beeinflusst die Kornsteifigkeit der Gesteinskörnung im Beton den Degradationsprozess infolge zyklischer Druckbeanspruchung?
Authors: Breitenbücher Rolf , Ibuk Hursit , Yüceoglu Sami 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBauwerke, wie beispielsweise Brücken, Kühltürme, Windenergieanlagen oder ähnliche, sind neben Einwirkungen aus der Umwelt und ständig vorhandenen statischen Lasten oft auch zyklischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Letztere können im Laufe der Lastzyklen feinste Mikrorisse hervorrufen und dann zu einer Degradation des Betongefüges führen, was wiederum mit einer Reduzierung der Steifigkeit und Festigkeit verbunden ist.Bisher ist weitgehend ungeklärt, ob und inwieweit sich unterschiedliche Gesteinskörnungen und damit unterschiedliche Kornsteifigkeiten auf diesen Degradationsprozess auswirken und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus ggf. für die Steifigkeit des Betons ergeben. Im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereichs 398 wurden lebensdauerorientierte Entwurfskonzepte unter Schädigungs‐ und Deteriorationsaspekten entwickelt. Hierin wurden im Teilprojekt A13 die Veränderungen in den Materialeigenschaften des Betons infolge zyklischer Druckschwellbelastungen experimentell untersucht. In diesem Beitrag wird über Untersuchungen an Betonen mit unterschiedlichen Korneigenschaften unter zyklischer Druckschwellbeanspruchung berichtet. Dabei wurden gezielt Gesteinskörnungen mit signifikant unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften (Sandstein, Basalt, Quarzit) einbezogen, ansonsten wurde von einer einheitlichen Betonzusammensetzung ausgegangen. Probekörper aus diesen Betonen wurden einstufigen zyklischen Druckbeanspruchungen unterzogen, wobei die untere und obere Spannung mit σmax/σmin = 0,675 fc/0,10 fc während der gesamten Versuchsreihe konstant gehalten wurde.Während der zyklischen Druckschwellbeanspruchung wurden zum einen die Dehnungen der Probekörper ermittelt, zum anderen wurde eine ggf. fortschreitende Degradation im Betongefüge durch die Veränderung der Steifigkeit des Betons (E‐Modul) sowie mikroskopische Betrachtungen nach verschiedenen Lastzyklen Ni erfasst. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, dass sich das Verhältnis zwischen den Steifigkeiten der groben Gesteinskörnung und des Zementsteins maßgeblich auf den Degradationsprozess im Beton auswirkt. Bei den Betonen mit Sandstein führte die geringere Kornsteifigkeit im Vergleich zu den Betonen mit Quarzit oder Basalt dazu, dass die Steifigkeitsreduktion und der Zuwachs an Mikrorissen im Betongefüge nach definierten Lastzyklen vergleichsweise gering ausfielen.
Generalerneuerung der A2‐Südautobahn Wien–Graz: Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz an den Stützenreihen der Überführungen Ü 13 bis Ü 22
Authors: Gieler‐Breßmer Susanne , Pruckner Franz , Schalko Dietmar 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Südautobahn A2 Wien – Graz wird im Zuge eines 4‐spurigen Ausbaus in den Jahren 2007 und 2008 vom Knoten Guntramsdorf bis Leobersdorf generalerneuert. Im Zuge dieser Generalerneuerung sind auch die Stützenreihen aus Stahlbeton der in diesem Autobahnabschnitt liegenden Überführungsobjekte Ü 13 bis Ü 22 instand zu setzen. Aus diesem Grund erfolgte im Jahr 2006 eine umfassende IST‐Zustandserhebung an den 1959 bis 1961 erbauten Stützen. Diese zeigte, dass es im Laufe der Jahre zu chloridinduzierter Korrosion der Bewehrung im Spritzwasser‐ und Sprühnebelbereich gekommen ist, die zur Sicherstellung der dauerhaften Gebrauchstauglichkeit eine sachgerechte Instandsetzung erforderlich macht.Nachdem im Jahr 2003 an den Stützenreihen der Überführungen Ü 5–Ü 12 sehr gute Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes durch fremdstrominduzierte Anoden gemacht worden waren, entschied sich der Auftraggeber, die ASFINAG SGO, zur erneuten Anwendung dieses Instandsetzungsprinzips. Ziel ist es, die “intelligente Brücke” mit Hilfe eines installierten Fernabfragesystems zu erzeugen, durch welches eine kontinuierliche Überwachung der Bauwerke sicher gewährleistet wird. Die an den Überführungsobjekten aufgezeichneten Daten werden über ein Lichtwellenkabel in die ASFINAG‐Zentrale übertragen, so dass die Überwachung und Steuerung der Anlage zentral erfolgen kann.Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird über die Ergebnisse der Ist‐Zustandserhebung, das Planungskonzept des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes und die Ausführung an den Stützenreihen Fahrtrichtung Graz berichtet.
Randomized clinical trial of early versus delayed temporary stoma closure after proctectomy
Authors: Alves A , Panis Y , Lelong B , Dousset B , Benoist S , Vicaut E 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Temporary faecal diversion is recommended with a low colorectal, coloanal or ileoanal anastomosis (LA). This randomized study evaluated early (EC; 8 days) versus late (LC; 2 months) closure of the temporary stoma.

Methods
Patients undergoing rectal resection with LA were eligible to participate. If there was no radiological sign of anastomotic leakage after 7 days, patients were randomized to EC or LC. The primary endpoints were postoperative morbidity and mortality 90 days after the initial resection.

Results
Some 186 patients were analysed. There were no deaths within 90 days and overall morbidity rates were similar in the EC and LC groups (31 versus 38 per cent respectively; P = 0·254). Overall surgical complication (both 15 per cent; P = 1·000) and reoperation (both 8 per cent; P = 1·000) rates were similar, but wound complications were more frequent after EC (19 versus 5 per cent; P = 0·007). Small bowel obstruction (3 versus 16 per cent; P = 0·002) and medical complications (5 versus 15 per cent; P = 0·021) were more common with LC. Median (range) hospital stay was reduced by EC (16 (6–59) versus 18 (9–262) days; P = 0·013).

Conclusion
Early stoma closure is feasible in selected patients, with reduced hospital stay, bowel obstruction and medical complications, but a higher wound complication rate. Registration number: NCT00428636 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Radiation exposure during endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Weerakkody R A , Walsh S R , Cousins C , Goldstone K E , Tang T Y , Gaunt M E 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Endovascular stent-grafting is an established option for the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that can involve prolonged manipulation under radiological control. The aim was to determine the average radiation exposure sustained during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and the first year of postoperative surveillance.

Methods
Prospective radiation dose data were recorded and used to calculate dose area product (DAP) values for 96 patients undergoing EVAR. The DAP data were then used to determine the entrance skin dose (ESD), an indicator of potential skin damage, and the effective dose, an indicator of long-term cancer risk, for each patient.

Results
The median ESD during EVAR was 0·85 (interquartile range 0·51–3·74) Gy. The threshold for possible radiation-induced skin damage of 2 Gy was exceeded in 29 per cent of procedures. The effective dose of radiation in the first year following EVAR was 79 mSv.

Conclusion
Radiation doses administered during EVAR were higher than previously thought, with a potential risk of radiation-induced skin damage and later malignancy.
Structural Characterization and Temperature‐Dependent Photoluminescence of Linear CdTe/CdSe/CdTe Heterostructure Nanorods
Authors: Saunders Aaron E. , Koo Bonil , Wang Xiaoyong , Shih Chih‐Kang , Korgel Brian A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLinear CdTe|CdSe|CdTe heterostructure nanorods are synthesized by using a colloidal sequential reactant injection technique [Shieh et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 8538–8542]. The composition profiles of the individual nanorods are verified by using nanobeam elemental mapping by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the photoluminescence emission spectra of the linear CdTe|CdSe|CdTe heterostructure nanorods are measured as a function of the temperature (down to 5 K). Photoluminescence is observed to occur from electron–hole recombination in both the CdSe core and across the heterojunction. Thermally activated trapping is found to influence both luminescence processes, thereby being more significant for the type II recombination across the CdSe|CdTe interface.
The L1‐CAM, Neuroglian, functions in glial cells for Drosophila antennal lobe development
Authors: Chen Weitao , Hing Huey 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and projection neurons (PNs) in Drosophila antennal lobe (AL) development, the roles of glia have remained largely mysterious. Here, we show that during Drosophila metamorphosis, a population of midline glial cells in the brain undergoes extensive cellular remodeling and is closely associated with the collateral branches of ORN axons. These glial cells are required for ORN axons to project across the midline and establish the contralateral wiring in the ALs. We find that Neuroglian (Nrg), the Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate cell adhesion molecule, L1, is expressed and functions in the midline glial cells to regulate their proper development. Loss of Nrg causes the disruption in glial morphology and the agenesis of the antennal commissural tract. Our genetic analysis further demonstrates that the functions of Nrg in the midline glia require its ankyrin‐binding motif. We propose that Nrg is an important regulator of glial morphogenesis and axon guidance in AL development. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Evaluation of body experience questionnaires in eating disorders in female patients (AN/BN) and nonclinical participants
Authors: Probst Michel , Pieters Guido , Vanderlinden Johan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective:Body image disturbance is an important factor in the development and the treatment of eating disorders. Therefore, evaluations of different instruments for measuring body image disturbances are necessary.Method:Four widely used questionnaires are evaluated: The Body Attitude Test, The Eating Disorder Inventory, The Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Body Attitude Questionnaire. Psychometric properties of these questionnaires are investigated in 228 patients with eating disorder and 389 female controls. Normative values for a Flemish population are provided.Results:All questionnaires have good psychometric properties. To separate patients from controls all four questionnairescan be used. To differentiate between patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the Body Attitude Test and the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory show good criterion‐related validity.Conclusion:All these measures are useful as preliminary screening devices to identify populations with a high proportion or risk for developing eating disorders. More research is needed because there is still a great lack of clarity about what constitutes the normal range of attitudes towards the body. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Heat reversal of activity‐based anorexia: Implications for the treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Gutierrez Emilio , Cerrato María , Carrera Olaia , Vazquez Reyes 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective:Activity‐based anorexia (ABA) provides an animal model of anorexia nervosa (AN). In this model, rats given restricted access to food but unrestricted access to activity wheels, run excessively while reducing food intake, lose a sizeable percentage of body weight, become hypothermic, and can fail to recover unless removed from these conditions.Method:Once rats had lost 20% of body weight under standard ABA conditions, they were assigned to one of two ambient temperature (AT) conditions.Results:Increased AT reduced running rates and led to weight gain in active rats. The effect of increasing AT on food intake was dependent on whether the rats were sedentary or active. Although warming reduced food intake in the sedentary rats their body weight remained stable, whereas in active rats increased AT did not reduce food intake and weight gain gradually rose.Conclusion:From a translational perspective, these findings offer a fresh perspective to the disorder, and underscore the need for further studies to assess the effects of heat treatment in patients as an innovative adjunctive treatment for anorexia nervosa. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
New Water‐Soluble Rhenium Complexes with 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA) – X‐ray Crystal Structures of [ReNCl2(PTA)3], [ReO2Cl(PTA)3], [ReCl3­(PTA)2(PPh3)], and [Re2N2Cl3(Et2dtc)­(PTA)4]
Authors: Marchi Andrea , Marchesi Elena , Marvelli Lorenza , Bergamini Paola , Bertolasi Valerio , Ferretti Valeria 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe new water‐soluble nitrido complex [ReNCl2(PTA)3] (1) was obtained by treatment of [ReNCl2(PPh3)2] with four equivalents of PTA (1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane). The reaction of [ReOCl2X(PPh3)2] (X = Cl–, EtO–) with six equivalents of PTA gave the neutral dioxido species [ReO2Cl(PTA)3] (2). The formation of a rhenium(III) species of formula [ReCl3(PTA)2(PPh3)] (3) is also described. The reaction of 1 with Na[Et2dtc] (Et2dtc = N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate) yielded the neutral compound [ReNCl(Et2dtc)(PTA)2] (4). Recrystallization of 4 afforded an unexpected dinuclear species [Re2N2Cl3(Et2dtc)(PTA)4] (5), containing an asymmetric Re≡N–Re group. The nitrido compound [ReN(Et2dtc)2(PTA)] (6), was obtained by adding two equivalents of Na[Et2dtc] to complex 1 or one equivalent to complex 4. The X‐ray crystal structures of the new PTA complexes 1, 2, 3, and 5 have been determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Hydroformylation of 1‐Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Alkyl P‐Donor Ligands on Rhodium Using a Peracetylated β‐Cyclodextrin as a Solubiliser
Authors: Tortosa Estorach Clara , Giménez‐Pedrós Marta , Masdeu‐Bultó Anna Maria , Sayede Adlane D. , Monflier Eric 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe presence of peracetylated β‐cyclodextrin in the reaction medium allowed for an increase in the solubility of rhodium species modified by alkyl P‐donor ligands in the catalytic hydroformylation of 1‐octene in supercritical carbon dioxide. These results were explained by considering an interaction between the peracetylated β‐cyclodextrin and the P‐donor ligands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)