bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NAVAL SPECIAL WARFARE CRAFT PROGRAM
Authors: SCHARF STEVEN S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe growing worldwide presence of military small craft has revitalized U.S. Navy interest in combatant craft development. The Naval Special Warfare Craft Program was conceived to establish a capability to design advanced small craft, confident that they will effectively perform military missions for the 1980 time frame. Four generic craft types have been defined; Coastal Patrol Interdiction Craft (CPIC), Coastal Patrol Craft (CPC), Shallow Water Attack, Medium (SWAM), and Shallow Water Attack, Light (SWAL). Developmental Craft will be designed and built and evaluated which address the mission requirements of the latter three generic craft, the first craft, CPIC, having already been built. Program philosophy and approach are discussed and program history reviewed.
LAND BASED TEST SITE: A TOOL FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TEST
Authors: UNDERWOOD F. S. , AUERBACH P. B. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA Land Based Test Site has been constructed for the Guided Missile Frigate (FFG 7 Class—formerly Patrol Frigate (PF 109 Class)) Combat System consisting of physical mock‐ups of all the Combat System spaces as designed for the Lead Ship. Live equipment has been installed in these compartments so that the Combat System is fully operational in all of its major modes. The Lead Ship computer programs have been developed and proven in this replica. Since some Combat System equipments are too large or too costly to be installed at the Land Based Test Site (LBTS), they have been simulated to provide the correct inputs and responses. Special instrumentation to allow measurement of Combat System operational parameters and man‐machine interfaces has also been installed.The LBTS has been used to refine the ship's design in the Combat System spaces. Many problems have been uncovered and resolved early in the ship design process. Correction of these problems during ship's construction would be very costly. The Combat System has been fully integrated so that all of the separate elements are working as an entity. The system has been subjected to a thorough Initial Test and Evaluation process.The Land Based Test Site will be used for documentation proofing, so that technical manuals and data to be used by the Navy are verified and validated. The facility will also provide an interim training center until appropriate facilities can be constructed.The most important future use of the LBTS will be for problem solving and support of mandatory design changes for the FFG 7 Class Program.
MACHINE‐AIDED MESSAGE PROCESSING
Authors: WILCOX ALFRED W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper gives a very brief and simplified description of the Naval Telecommunications System pursuant to explaining the need for machine‐aided message processing. It sketches the history of machine‐aided message processing systems, and it describes the present state‐of‐the‐art in machine‐aided processing. It also gives some insight into the future of this technology, insofar as the Navy sees it, at least; and finally, it touches on a few problem areas.
INTRODUCTION OF ADVANCED CONCEPTS INTO EXISTING SHIPS—DE 1052 ESCORT DESTROYER ENGINEERING PLANT MODIFICATION
Authors: DACHOS JOHN , OGDEN EDWARD G. , WARD LUTHER B. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe present Department of Defense philosophy of “Fly before Buy” is an accepted and effective method of testing new aircraft and ship weapon systems before committing much larger funds for production models. The same method is also applicable for modernization of our present Fleet. Systems and equipment that are now available can increase our existing Fleet's readiness and operational effectiveness. Those that are cost effective should also be fully tested “at‐sea” in order that proper decisions and design changes may be made prior to committing extensive resources. This paper describes a program for modifying a DE 1052 machinery plant control configuration with the purpose of reducing the number of required watch‐standers and improving the overall command and control capabilities of the ship. The added equipment, controls and redesign of the control station is only one aspect of the modification. In order to insure better utilization of personnel, the Authors propose a method by which the engineering department may be reorganized to be more responsive to operational and maintenance demands, An economic analysis is presented together with both the tangible and intangible benefits to be expected from the implementation of the proposed DE‐1052 modification program.
INNOVATIONS FOR EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR MAINTENANCE OF NAVAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: BRUNETTI DOMINIC G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOn a world‐wide basis, the Navy is in the process of developing and installing shore‐based command and control (C2) systems at twenty‐three (23) operational sites, extending from the Western Mediterranean to the Far East. The C2 systems are being developed and deployed on a functional basis under three (3) major programs representing Ocean Surveillance, Antisubmarine Warfare, and a Command Information Display system which will be installed at major sites.Specifically, the programs are: 1) Antisubmarine Warfare Center Command and Control System, 2) Ocean Surveillance Information System, and 3) Fleet Command Support Center.Following development it is planned that these functional systems will be brought together under a single integrated system characterized as the Integrated Command System.The World‐Wide Military Command and Control System, under the auspices of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, will furnish large computer facilities at central sites which, with the proper communications links and interfaces, will provide access to large data bases.Shore‐based command and control systems are comprised primarily of computer hardware and software, communication networks, information display equipment, and various supporting links and interfaces. A composite of each of the larger sites will represent a wide variety of hardware procured from many different manufacturers, and software developed by Navy “in‐house” agencies, as well as contractors.Multiple sources of hardware and software, combined with a wide geographical disposition of C2 systems, imposes a requirement for centralized planning and control of support activities. This paper addresses the concept of total system support through the elements of Configuration Management, Data Management and Support encompassing hardware and software maintenance, plus the other aspects of Integrated Logistics Support (ILS). A methodology for accomplishment of total system support is the primary thrust of this presentation.
A “PLUSS” FOR DEEP OCEAN SEARCH
Authors: NICKELSBURG MICHAEL , BECKLEY STEPHEN A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe design development of an unmanned, tethered search system to complement the search and recovery capabilities of the present USS POINT LOMA (AGDS‐2)/TRIESTE II combination is presented. A low cost, flexible system with minimal impact on the POINT LOMA was developed based on a mission scenario postulated from previous successful search missions and a subjective evaluation of the sensors required.
DESIGN WORK STUDY—A U.S. NAVY METHOD FOR RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION IN SHIP DESIGN
Authors: GAMBREL WILLIAM DAVID 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the professional discipline of Design Work Study (DWS) and its application to United States Naval Ship Design. Representative DWS applications and achievements in optimizing manpower and material resources will be enumerated.Perhaps the most crucial problem that government has always had in the past, presently has, and probably always will have, is that of establishing a balance between national needs and national resources. Today, the situation is becoming exceedingly more severe due to continual reductions being made in government spending. Government managers, therefore, have a more salient responsibility than ever before to see that public funds entrusted to their care are utilized optimally, and not wasted.Design Work Study (DWS) is an Industrial Engineering process which offers Ship Design Managers a unique discipline to optimize the use of their most important resources: men, money, and material.Since the early 1960s, DWS has been utilized on many new ship construction projects. This paper assesses some typical applications and illustrates the results, achievements and benefits of each. In particular, it discusses how DWS is utilized during eight major phases of a ship's life cycle, from “Requirements Determination” to “Ship Disposal”. The major DWS products for the various phases of a ship's life‐cycle are identified.
Marine Pollution Control: Part I — The Ship Design Requirements
Authors: LEHR WILLIAM E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWith the advent of new pollution control laws, both national and international, the designer of commercial ships is faced with an ever increasing problem—how to meet these requirements at minimum cost to the customer. The ship designer must consider three sets of information to solve the problem properly. First, he must have a clear understanding of the various design standards and operating regulations. Next, he must understand the current state‐of‐the‐art and its potential to meet the various pollution prevention regulations. Finally, the designer must select the best combination of equipment and or structural design to provide the least cost solution for meeting the antipollution regulations.
ASBESTOS—A CASE STUDY OF THE U. S. NAVY'S RESPONSE TO UPGRADED SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS
Authors: WINER ALLEN , HOLTGREN WALLIN D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Navy is becoming increasingly involved with more rigorous national safety and health requirements. The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established low tolerance limits for airborne asbestos particles. The Navy's response to this restriction is reflected by the decrease in exposure of personnel to this hazard. Control has been accomplished by various means, such as wet processes, ventilation, vacuuming, use of respirators and proper procedures, as well as through training, education, and modernization. Most recently, exposure is being further decreased by prohibiting the use of asbestos containing materials where suitable substitutes have been designated and by revising applicable documentation. Asbestos exposure conditions will, however, be present in the Navy for the next 20 to 30 years due to the need for periodic “rip‐out” of existing asbestos installations, for maintenance and repair purposes, and for those asbestos installations for which substitutes are not yet available. The Navy's near‐term objective will be to develop improved procedures during “rip‐out” operations, to provide even greater protection to personnel working with asbestos, and to identify remaining asbestos end items that must be replaced. TABLES 2 and 3 of this paper list the asbestos‐free end items now specified for thermal insulation systems.
PROTECTION OF OFFSHORE ENERGY ASSETS
Authors: DENTON ROBERT W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe energy crisis has sparred demands for rapid development of continental United States offshore petroleum assets. These assets could account for over 20 percent of U.S. energy requirements by 1985. Offshore assets can be destroyed, as well as major industrial development and expansion programs halted, with simple and inexpensive sabotage techniques. Adequate detection, defense, and related damage control systems against such illegal assaults are not presently in use on offshore assets. A proposed solution is presented.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR AIRBORNE NOISE CONTROL IN SURFACE SHIPS
Authors: LEWIS DAVID P. , NELSON DANIEL L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper familiarizes the reader with the basic concepts of airborne noise control and demonstrates their application during ship design and construction to produce airborne noise acceptable ships. The limitations of bulkhead treatments are demonstrated to emphasize the necessity of quieting shipboard machinery if the OSHA/BUMED deafness avoidance criteria are to be achieved in machinery spaces. Two current programs to backfit machinery noise treatments into modern combatant U.S. Navy ships are discussed. The expected results are presented to support the contention that shipboard machinery spaces can be quieted, at reasonable cost, to within the OSHA/BUMED limits.
AN APPROACH TO THE SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVE SHIP CONFIGURATIONS TO MEET ESTABLISHED NAVY MISSIONS
Authors: ALBEE THOMAS L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a technique for selecting and implementing a mix of Research and Development (R&D) projects to develop surface ships with operational capabilities to meet the Navy's needs near the torn of the century.This technique permits a unified approach by both the technical and operational communities. Technical and threat projections, operational capabilities, and costs are evaluated in relation to the projected ship mission requirements in a manner which provides logical and objective selection of subsystems to be developed with due regard to their military worth. The end product of the evaluation defines total ship system alternatives which meet the projected mission requirements. The use of this evaluation technique is illustrated by a simplified application to a hypothetical surface warfare requirement.Successful completion of R&D projects is vital for achievement of needed operational capabilities. The approach monitors the progress of individual projects throughout the typical seven to eight year R&D cycle and highlights potential technology delays. Thus, the intent is that alternative total ship systems be available to provide the required operational capability at the time ship concept development is scheduled to begin.
THE SEA PHOENIX—A WARSHIP DESIGN STUDY
Authors: TARPGAARD PETER T. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes an exploratory design study for a modern general purpose combatant of destroyer size. The study was conducted in two principal segments by separate but interacting groups under the direction of the Author who was the Project Officer. One segment consisted of the ship system design study, and the other focused on the combat system configuration. Featured in the combat system is a long‐range, multiple target anti‐air capability developed from a modified version of the AWG‐9/Phoenix Weapon System (the weapon system used in the F‐14 aircraft).The ship and combat system configurations resulting from the studies are described including the modifications to the AWG‐9 to adapt the system for a surface ship environment and to adapt it for surface launch. A modular, integrated ship and combat system control center concept is described which results in very low manning requirements. A concept for modular combat system integration by function (as opposed to total combat system integration) is discussed.
OILY WASTES HANDLING AND DISPOSAL—U. S. NAVY.
Authors: FERRARO JOHN M. , FRUH STEVEN M. , GARABRANT ARTHUR R. , NADEAU PAUL M. , THOMAS RICHARD V. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Navy has initiated a pollution abatement and control program in response to a Presidential Executive Order under which federal agencies are to provide national leadership in protecting our environment. One area being addressed is the handling ashore of oily wastes from both ships and shore facilities.This paper describes the development of abatement and control programs for seventeen Naval Facilities on U.S. and foreign soils. Those investigated included Naval Stations, Submarine Bases, Shipyards, Air Stations, Air Rework Facilities, Fuel Depots, and Public Works Centers.The first step taken in developing a waste management program for a given facility was a plan to minimize, through procedural changes, the volumes of wastes actually generated. The means were determined for each Facility to reclaim, destroy, or otherwise dispose of wastes by effective, efficient, manageable and legal methods. This involved changes in operational procedures, construction of new facilities, modifications to existing facilities, or disposal by a contractor. All phases of waste management were considered including codection, transportation, treatment, and recycle or disposal. Cost‐effectiveness was an important criterion in the choice among alternatives. Recommendations were prepared consistent with the guidelines and spirit of the Environmental Protection Agency and state and municipal authorities. For overseas bases, the appropriate local groups were consulted, and special local economic and taxation factors were also considered.
PNEUMATICS — AN ANALYSIS FOR AUXILIARY POWER USE
Authors: ABBOTT J.W. , ATCHISON CM. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a description of a pneumatic system as an alternative to electric power for driving auxiliary pumps. An analysis is made which compares the supply and demand of such a system aboard a gas turbine propelled destroyer. Sources of air supply are evaluated and compared with pumping power demands. The suitability/payoff/penalty associated with separate (motor driven) compressor, engine driven compressor, and simple engine bleed are evaluated. A source of air is chosen and then used in a total ship “trade‐off” between pneumatic and electric sea water pumps.A second analysis is presented along similar lines which compares pneumatics with 60Hz and 400Hz power alternatives on a Surface Effect Ship. Comparisons are made in weight reduction of alternative design options.Finally, a discussion is presented regarding the suitability of the “pneumatic concept” as it pertains to Navy shipboard use. Conclusions are reached which indicate where the concept has its most attractive application.
STANDARD ELECTRONIC MODULE RADAR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: PAGE ARCHER G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Naval Electronics Laboratory Center, San Diego, California has developed a family of surface search radars that are constructed from the NAVY Standard Electronic Modules (SEM). The family consists of two basic radar sets, high power and low power, having various options that replace 29 different designs presently being used. The high power set has two transmitter options; a 130 kW X‐band and a 170 kW C‐band. The lower power set is a 10 kW X‐band radar that has two packaging options; one where minimum size is of prime concern, and the second in which a larger cabinet will allow additional signal processing and improved internal maintenance capability.The prime objective was to achieve at least a 2 for 1 improvement in the life‐cycle costs while maintaining or improving existing operational performance. This objective has been demonstrated by the development of a group of eleven building blocks that utilize the NAVY Standard Electronic Modules. These can be selected individually to build up any of five or more different configurations. These radar sets exhibit approximately 85% commonality of components.One of the unique features of these radars is the “built‐in‐test‐equipment” that automatically detects a failure and directs the repair personnel to the source of the failure.This design was of sufficient interest to the U.S. AIR FORCE that two programs have been initiated to utilize the same standard electronic modules. One is an airborne weather‐beacon radar to replace the present APN/59 systems, and the other is a portable tactical weather radar for ground base temporary operations. These programs are of great interest as a step toward the start of a multi‐service program in achieving commonality of electronic systems.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MERCHANT MARINE ACT OF 1936 ON. DEFENSE SHIPPING CAPABILITY—THE LAST 25 YEARS
Authors: KISS RONALD K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper first provides a brief overview of the history of the American Merchant Marine as an introduction to the Merchant Marine Act of 1936. Those sections of the Act which have been deemed to be major factors in the availability of shipping capability are discussed in summary form to provide the reader with a basic understanding of construction and operating differential subsidies, mortgage guarantees, and tax exempt capital construction funds. The implementation of these provisions is then discussed, beginning with the MARINER Building Program and followed by the Cargo Ship Replacement Program and the Bulk Carrier Construction Program. The recent history of the Act is then traced to present an indication of the numerical impact of certain programs.The present status of the U.S. Merchant Fleet, with respect to its share of U.S. foreign trade, is finally discussed as one indicator of the level of defense shipping capacity now available.
WIREFREE COMMUNICA TIONS FOR SHIPBOARD DAMAGE CONTROL
Authors: BAKER F. EDWARD , RUBIS C. JOSEPH 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn the December 1974 issue of the NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL, the concept was presented that a slotted coaxial cable could function as a continuous antenna when used with low power portable transceivers for interior shipboard wirefree communication. This paper reviews some of the system engineering design parameters and constraints together with the results of communications tests aboard a Navy Frigate.
USE OF SIMULATORS IN SHIP SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERATION
Authors: MACLEAN W.M. , HUTCHISON T.C. , CARVER LEON 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTRecent technical developments have permitted economical and practical simulation of ship systems. Operational bridge and power plant simulators are now being used for engineering research to design better, more reliable ship systems, to develop improved operating methods and procedures, and for crew training. Simulation of developing instrumentation, controls, personnel accommodations, and operational methods and procedures (and their optimization for intended uses) allows a designer to make adjustments before a construction commitment when the design development costs of a change are still reasonable. Simulation techniques are also useful in the consistent assessment of existing ship modification proposals where changing economic or operational circumstances require reliable evaluation of alternatives. Through such uses, a new generation of ships can reflect much earlier, the improvements which will make them more productive, efficient, and profitable. In addition, through the use of simulation techniques, crews can be trained to operate the advanced ships prior to actual ship availability, thereby minimizing casualty possibilities. This paper examines the ability of simulators to represent critical operational problems and how these capabilities can apply to the design and operation of new and existing ships; to the investigation of expected problems of the intended service; and to the training of ship's crews.
REMOTE VESSEL MONITORING
Authors: DEKNIGHT EDWARD W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA magnetic detector is placed at the edge of a ship channel and connected to a shore based transmitting station with a waterproof cable. The detector senses the change created in the earth's magnetic field by the presence of a ship and triggers an RF transmitter, thereby sending a message to a nearby Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) Center. The message is received, decoded, displayed, and recorded at the Center. Transmitting stations are located atop Navigation Aid Towers along the channel to be monitored. The message contains the number of the Aid the detector is adjacent to, and this number is printed out automatically along with the time of receipt. At the same time lights located on the plotting table are displayed for 20 seconds by each activation. By measuring distance between two detectors and utilizing the printed time of receipt, a vessel's speed can be easily calculated.