bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Executive and Memory Functions in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Luo Qiaoyou , Tian Zuguo , Hu Yuting , Wang Chaochao 
Published: March 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease threatens the health of older adults, particularly by disrupting executive and memory functions, and many studies have shown that aerobic exercise prevents and improves the symptoms associated with the disease. Objective: The objective was to systematically review the effects of aerobic exercise on executive and memory functions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and to determine the effect factors and mechanisms of the design of aerobic exercise intervention programs. Method: Relevant literature was searched in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO) from January 1, 2014 to March 1, 2023, using a subject-word search method. Data on 10 items, including author and country, were extracted from the literature after screening. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale, and a systematic review was performed. Results: Twelve papers from seven countries were ultimately included, embodying 11 randomized controlled trials and one study with a repeated-measures design. The overall quality of the studies was good as 657 study participants, aged 45 years and older who had varying degrees of Alzheimer’s disease and significant symptoms, were included. Aerobic exercise was found to have a significant positive impact on executive and memory functions in people with Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion: The effects of aerobic exercise on aspects of executive function were mainly characterized by improvements in inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, whereas the effects on aspects of memory function were mainly characterized by improvements in logical memory, situational memory, and short-term memory.
Optimization of Scientific Equipment Pointing at Survey Targets in the Uragan Experiment On Board the ISS
Authors: Belyaev M. Yu. , Borovikhin P. A. , Esakov A. M. , Karavaev D. Yu. , Rasskazov I. V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of the Uragan space experiment on board the International Space Station (ISS) is to adjust the scientific equipment and improve the methods for monitoring various objects and phenomena on the Earth. Part of this scientific equipment is already operated on board the station, and the other part is planned to be delivered in the orbit soon. In contrast to the Russian orbital stations Salyut and Mir, the ISS was not designed for pointing the installed equipment at the survey targets, because the gyrodines used on the American segment for the ISS attitude control had a too small kinematic momentum. For this reason, special methods and devices had to be developed for pointing the Uragan scientific equipment at the survey targets. This paper considers the methods for pointing the scientific equipment, which would optimize the research program of the Uragan experiment on board the ISS.
Motivation and associated factors of health development army in the implementation of health extension packages in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfa Hiwot , Getahun Fentie Ambaw , Alemu Yihun Mulugeta 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionHealth development army is a network of women volunteers organised to promote health and prevent disease through community empowerment and participation.ObjectiveTo assess the level of motivation and associated factors of the health development army in the implementation of health extension packages in Northwest Ethiopia.DesignData were from a community-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia. The district is located around 30 km from Bahir Dar, the capital city of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 624 health development army members were interviewed using a structured questionnaire from 20 April 2020 to 20 May 2020.Outcome measuresMotivation was assessed using a five-item Likert scale statement ranging from 1 to 5. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using a binary logistic regression model.ResultsThe proportion of health development army members, who had motivation in the implementation of the health extension package, was 47.8% (95% CI (43.90 to 51.80)). The odds of having motivation were higher among health development army members who lived in urban areas ((adjusted OR, AOR 2.47; 95% CI (1.21 to 5.03)), were less than 30 years ((AOR 2.42; 95% CI (1.22 to 4.78)), had more than 4 years work experience ((AOR 4.72; 95% CI (2.54 to 8.76)), had high intrinsic job satisfaction ((AOR 2.31; 95% CI (1.51 to 3.55)), had good community support ((AOR 2.46; 95% CI (1.34 to 4.51)), received supportive supervision ((AOR 1.85; 95% CI (1.24 to 2.77)) and were recognised for their efforts ((AOR 1.52; 95% CI (1.01 to 2.30)).ConclusionThe proportion of motivation among health development army members was low. To increase the motivation of health development army members in the implementation of the health extension package, measures or strategies may consider targeting members who live in rural areas, are older than 30 years, have less than 4 years of work experience, report low job satisfaction, have low community support, do not have supportive supervision and are not recognised.
Prospective validity of a clinical prediction rule for response to non-surgical multidisciplinary management of knee osteoarthritis in tertiary care: a multisite prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Window Peter , Raymer Maree , McPhail Steven M , Vicenzino Bill , Hislop Andrew , Vallini Alex , Elwell Bula , O'Gorman Helen , Phillips Ben , Wake Anneke , Cush Adrian , McCaskill Stuart , Garsden Linda , Dillon Miriam , McLennan Andrew , O'Leary Shaun 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesWe tested a previously developed clinical prediction tool—a nomogram consisting of four patient measures (lower patient-expected benefit, lower patient-reported knee function, greater knee varus angle and severe medial knee radiological degeneration) that were related to poor response to non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. This study sought to prospectively evaluate the predictive validity of this nomogram to identify patients most likely to respond poorly to non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis.DesignMultisite prospective longitudinal study.SettingAdvanced practice physiotherapist-led multidisciplinary service across six tertiary hospitals.ParticipantsParticipants with knee osteoarthritis deemed appropriate for trial of non-surgical management following an initial assessment from an advanced practice physiotherapist were eligible for inclusion.InterventionsBaseline clinical nomogram scores were collected before a trial of individualised non-surgical management commenced.Primary outcome measureClinical outcome (Global Rating of Change) was collected 6 months following commencement of non-surgical management and dichotomised to responder (a little better to a very great deal better) or poor responder (almost the same to a very great deal worse). Clinical nomogram accuracy was evaluated from receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and area under the curve, and sensitivity/specificity and positive/negative likelihood ratios were calculated.ResultsA total of 242 participants enrolled. Follow-up scores were obtained from 210 participants (87% response rate). The clinical nomogram demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.70 (p<0.001), with greatest combined sensitivity 0.65 and specificity 0.64. The positive likelihood ratio was 1.81 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.36) and negative likelihood ratio 0.55 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.75).ConclusionsThe knee osteoarthritis clinical nomogram prediction tool may have capacity to identify patients at risk of poor response to non-surgical management. Further work is required to determine the implications for service delivery, feasibility and impact of implementing the nomogram in clinical practice.
Tailored anticoagulant treatment after a first venous thromboembolism: protocol of the Leiden Thrombosis Recurrence Risk Prevention (L-TRRiP) study - cohort-based randomised controlled trial
Authors: Burggraaf-van Delft J Louise I , van Rein Nienke , Bemelmans Remy H H , van den Berg Jan-Willem K , Bruggeman Coty Y , Cloos-van Balen Marissa , Coppens Michiel , Eefting Matthijs , Ende-Verhaar Yvonne , van Es Nick , van Guldener Coen , de Jong Wouter K , Kleijwegt Fleur , Koster Ted , Kroon Cees , Kuipers Saskia , Leentjens Jenneke , Luijten Dieuwke , Mairuhu Albert T A , Meijer Karina , van de Ree Marcel A , Roos Rick , Schrover Ilse , Swart-Heikens Janneke , van der Velden Annette W G , van den Akker-van Marle Elske M , le Cessie Saskia , Geersing Geert-Jan , Middeldorp Saskia , Huisman Menno V , Klok Frederikus A , Cannegieter Suzanne C 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPatients with a first venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at risk of recurrence. Recurrent VTE (rVTE) can be prevented by extended anticoagulant therapy, but this comes at the cost of an increased risk of bleeding. It is still uncertain whether patients with an intermediate recurrence risk or with a high recurrence and high bleeding risk will benefit from extended anticoagulant treatment, and whether a strategy where anticoagulant duration is tailored on the predicted risks of rVTE and bleeding can improve outcomes. The aim of the Leiden Thrombosis Recurrence Risk Prevention (L-TRRiP) study is to evaluate the outcomes of tailored duration of long-term anticoagulant treatment based on individualised assessment of rVTE and major bleeding risks.Methods and analysisThe L-TRRiP study is a multicentre, open-label, cohort-based, randomised controlled trial, including patients with a first VTE. We classify the risk of rVTE and major bleeding using the L-TRRiP and VTE-BLEED scores, respectively. After 3 months of anticoagulant therapy, patients with a low rVTE risk will discontinue anticoagulant treatment, patients with a high rVTE and low bleeding risk will continue anticoagulant treatment, whereas all other patients will be randomised to continue or discontinue anticoagulant treatment. All patients will be followed up for at least 2 years. Inclusion will continue until the randomised group consists of 608 patients; we estimate to include 1600 patients in total. The primary outcome is the combined incidence of rVTE and major bleeding in the randomised group after 2 years of follow-up. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of rVTE and major bleeding, functional outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness in all patients.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft. Results are expected in 2028 and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and during (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numberNCT06087952.
Longitudinal association of sleep duration with possible sarcopenia: evidence from CHARLS
Authors: Lv Xiaoling , Peng Wenjia , Jia Bingbing , Lin Ping , Yang Zhouxin 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThere are limited data on the relationship between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the associations of sleep duration with possible sarcopenia and its defining components based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThis study was conducted on participants aged over 45 years applying the 2011 baseline and 2015 follow-up survey from CHARLS covering 450 villages, 150 counties and 28 provinces.ParticipantsData from 5036 individuals (2568 men and 2468 women) free of possible sarcopenia at baseline were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe dose-response relationship between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia.ResultsDuring 4 years of follow-up, 964 (19.14%) participants developed possible sarcopenia. Compared with participants who slept 6–8 hours per night, those with shorter sleep duration (<6 hours per night) were independently associated with 22% (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.44) increased risk of developing possible sarcopenia and 27% (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57) increased risk of developing low handgrip strength after controlling for potential confounders. Long sleep duration (>8 hours per night) was not significantly associated with incident possible sarcopenia. The plots of restricted cubic splines exhibited an atypical inverse J-shaped association between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia in participants aged 45–59 years and composed of male populations.ConclusionsShort sleep duration was a potential risk factor for possible sarcopenia and low handgrip strength. The improvement of sleep duration should be considered a target in early preventive and administrative strategies against the development of handgrip strength decline and further reduced the occurrence of sarcopenia.
On properties of the distribution of virtual wormholes in a vacuum
Authors: Kirillov A. A. , Savelova E. P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA model of spacetime foam in the form of an arbitrary distribution of spherical Euclidean wormholes is considered. A method for constructing the exact solution of Einstein’s Euclidean equations for the metric corresponding to this model is proposed. In the framework of our model, we obtain the expression for the Euclidean action and its dependence on the parameters of wormholes in the explicit form. It is shown how the solutions obtained makes it possible to determine all possible correlation functions associated with the parameters of virtual wormholes in the vacuum state.
The Consensual Divorce (ṭalāq) in Palestine
Authors: Polfus Turid Smith 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Most divorces in Palestine come about through a private unregulated agreement between the spouses referred to as “ṭalāq bit-taradi” (consensual ṭalāq), often called mukhalaʿa or mubāraʾa. Over the last century, women’s economic rights in the unilateral ṭalāq have increased. At the same time, the number of consensual ṭalāq has risen. While the consensual ṭalāq provides a way out of an unwanted marriage for women, it hardly represents a form of ‘gender equality’. Rather, it is a field where kin-patriarchy is asserting itself through women’s dependence on agnates to reach an agreement and to bear the cost of such divorces. Furthermore, the consensual ṭalāq invites abuse and economic extortion from husbands. As the Islamic shariʿa court condemns such behaviour, our study nevertheless finds that the court facilitates the consensual ṭalāq by setting the bar for litigated divorce too high and by letting time pass.
Trafficking and Organs, Tissues, and Cells: An Examination of European and UK Legislation and Gaps
Authors: O’Neill Maria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Substantial custodial sentences were handed down from the English Central Criminal Court for organ trafficking. Attempts to exploit vulnerable people for the purposes of organ removal, and for organ, tissue, and cells (otc) trafficking are ongoing in many jurisdictions. It is also clear from the 2019 EU evaluation of the Union legislation on blood, tissues, and cells that there is increasing commercialization in the procurement of human material for medical use, using global supply chains. Full traceability of all human material, for which there is a shortage to meet global medical needs, is required. The medical profession has drafted the Istanbul Declaration on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism 2008, calling for transplant tourism to be prohibited, and full engagement with transnational law enforcement to address developing transnational organized crime in this area. This paper addresses the global, Council of Europe, EU, and UK provisions in this area.
Overdue Athletes’ Salaries in Professional Football and Match-Fixing: a Legal Analysis
Authors: Vandercruysse Louis , Vander Beken Tom , Vermeersch An , Willem Annick 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Overdue athletes’ salaries, i.e. late, partial or nonpayment of athletes’ salaries in professional sports, increases the risk for match-fixing as athletes are rendered more vulnerable to match-fixing approaches and for giving in to such proposals. Even though research and stakeholders recognize the aforementioned risk, the body of literature addressing the issue from a preventative legal perspective is slim to nonexistent. While the Council of Europe’s Macolin Convention has stimulated various measures to tackle match-fixing in both ratifying and signatory States, this paper focuses on the Convention’s prevention objective by examining how international, European and Belgian football organizations enforce compliance by their affiliated members with their contractual and other obligations. The paper argues that while football federations do take initiative in the matter, they may not yet have found a way to effectively protect the integrity of their competitions when it comes to their approach towards the issue at hand.
Legal Aspects of Telematics for Law Enforcement
Authors: Al-Shamari Khalid Saleh , Truby Jon , Brown Rafael Dean , Ibrahim Imad Antoine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Telematics is a technology that allows vehicle tracking and monitoring. This paper investigates its legal implications in Qatar, where road fatalities are high, but considers the results with international applicability. It reviews the current laws that govern telematics and evaluates their compatibility with constitutional rights or principles, especially privacy. It also examines how telematics can enhance road safety by providing data and feedback on various driving factors. The paper finds that telematics can offer significant benefits for traffic regulation in Qatar, but also poses some legal challenges that need to be addressed.
Knowledge is Memory, or, Finding Hobbes’s Plato
Authors: Fusco Aidan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article attempts to identify Hobbes’s reading and understanding of Plato’s writings by looking at the first seven direct references to Platonic dialogues in the Hobbesian corpus, which range from 1629–42, including Hobbes’s unpublished manuscript writings. By analysing these references it is determined that Hobbes is likely to have had first hand knowledge of Plato, from a Latin and/or Greek edition of Plato’s complete works. The references to Plato’s works in Hobbes’s writings are eclectic and philological for the most part, and serve to demonstrate the depth and range of his reading of Plato. It is only by 1642 that Hobbes makes a clear statement of his commitment to a Platonic principle, viz. that knowledge is memory. In the second half of the article I shall then argue that this principle is a foundational aspect of Hobbes’s philosophy, and that its Platonic origins thus help us to understand both Hobbes’s philosophical system and the different ways in which an “Oxford Platonism” emerged in the seventeenth century.
Perceived Pager Burden Among Trainees Across Medical Specialties
Authors: Iwai Yoshiko , Ciociola Elizabeth C. , Carter Taylor M. , Pascarella Luigi 
Published: March 2024

Background The experiences of pager use among trainees across medical specialties is underexplored. The aim of this study was to assess experiences of pager burden and communication preferences among trainees in different specialties. Methods An online survey was developed to assess perceived pager burden (eg, pager volume, mistake pages, sleep, and off-time interruptions) and communication preferences at a tertiary center in the United States. All residents and fellows were eligible to participate. Responses were grouped by specialty: General surgery [GS], Surgical subspecialty [SS], Medicine, Anesthesiology, and Psychiatry. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess factors associated with pager burden. Free text responses were analyzed using open coding methods. Results Of the total 306 responses, the majority were female (58.8%), 30-39 years (59.2%), and White (70.6%). Specialty breakdown was: Medicine (40.2%), Psychiatry (10.8%), SS (18.0%), GS (5.6%), and Anesthesiology (3.6%). GS respondents reported receiving more mistake pages ( P < .001), spending more time redirecting mistake pages ( P = .003), and having the highest sleep time disruptions ( P < .001). For urgent communications, surgical trainees preferred physical pagers, while nonsurgical trainees preferred smartphone pagers ( P = .001). “Receive fewer nonurgent pages” was the most common change respondents desired. Discussion In this single center study, subjective experiences of pager burden were disproportionately high among GS trainees. Reducing nonurgent and mistake pages are potential targets for improving trainee communication experiences. Hospitals should consider incorporating trainee preferences into paging systems. Additional studies are warranted to increase the sample size, assess generalizability of the findings, and contextualize trainee experiences with objective hospital-level paging data.
Changes in Patterns of Trauma Injuries in the Dakotas Region During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sarli Adrian C. , Sang Hilla I. , Syverson Deb J. , Axtman Benjamin , Bjordahl Paul , Ahmeti Mentor 
Published: March 2024

Background The aim of this study is to compare impact of COVID-19 on trauma volume and characteristics on a set of trauma centers with a rural catchment area. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected different parts of the country quite differently, both in case volume and in local responses. State-wide responses have varied considerably, including variations in local mask mandates, school closures, and social distancing measures. Methods This was a retrospective trauma registry review of patients who were admitted to three of the tertiary care trauma centers in North and South Dakota between 2014 through 2022. Results In the analysis of 36,397 patients, we found a significant increase in trauma patient volume during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increased percentage of patients presenting with a mechanism of injury secondary to abuse or assault. This increase in patient volume continued to rise during 2021 and 2022. Conclusions Our study demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted trauma center admissions in the rural and frontier Midwest differently from more urban areas, and the importance of including a variety of settings in trauma research.