bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and loads of N-NO3, N-NH4, PO4 and BOD5 in waters of the upper Dunajec (in the years 1985-1998)
Authors: Smoroń Sylwester , Twardy Stanisław 
Published: May 2008

Concentrations and loads of N-NO3, N-NH4, PO4 and BOD5 in waters of the upper Dunajec (in the years 1985-1998)
Loads of N-NO3, N-NH4, PO4 and BOD5 carried in surface waters of the upper Dunajec catchment basin (at the section in Krościenko) in the years 1985-1998 are presented in this paper. Water quality of the Biały Dunajec (in Szaflary), Czarny Dunajec (in Ludźmierz) and Dunajec (in Krościenko) was characterised. Annual loads discharged from the area per km2 of the catchment were calculated from mean annual flows (SQ) and concentrations of studied components in river waters. Concentration of N-NO3 in waters of the Biały Dunajec was more than two times higher and that of phosphates - over seven times higher than the respective concentrations in the Czarny Dunajec and Dunajec. Different population density, numerous tourists and low level of water and sewage infrastructure were responsible for these differences.
Assessment of water pollution by nitrates in the Middle Odra Basin
Authors: Kolanek Agnieszka , Korol Rafalina , Strońska Marzenna , Szyjkowska Urszula 
Published: May 2008

Assessment of water pollution by nitrates in the Middle Odra Basin
The objective of the study was to characterise the quality of surface waters in order to determine their vulnerability to pollution by nitrogen compounds from agricultural activity, as well as to specify the areas with increased exposure, where nitrogen runoff from agricultural sources has to be reduced. It was necessary to determine surface waters liable to pollution by these compounds due to the fact that agricultural production should be carried out in the way which limits and prevents water pollution by nitrogen compounds of agricultural origin. The study addressed the following issues: the concentration of nitrogen compounds in the surface waters of the Middle Odra Basin, and the extent of eutrophication in flowing inland waters (with nitrogen as the main nutrient). The results have been plotted in figures and gathered in tables.
The influence of iron compounds in the sulfuric acid catalyst on the SO2 oxidation process
Authors: Grobela Marcin , Grzesiak Piotr 
Published: May 2008

The influence of iron compounds in the sulfuric acid catalyst on the SO2 oxidation process
The catalytic oxidation process of SO2 to SO3 is the main stage of sulfuric (VI) acid production. The process run could be disordered by reason of the increased inactivation of sulfuric acid catalyst during SO2 oxidation process. This paper includes the influence study of the iron quantity and forms, which is introduced into the catalyst active phase, on the reaction rate of the SO2 oxidation process.
Structured catalytic reactor for VOC combustion
Authors: Kołodziej Andrzej , Łojewska Joanna , Kleszcz Tadeusz 
Published: May 2008

Structured catalytic reactor for VOC combustion
VOC emission has recently become a challenge for environmental protection. Catalytic combustion seems a promising method of VOC removal, however, there are still more specific demands concerning the process. The reactor design has to assure enhanced transfer properties accompanied by low flow resistance to reduce the pumping costs. Neither the packed beds nor the classic ceramic monoliths are able to fulfil the requirements.
To solve the problem we propose a wire gauze structure composed of several gauze sheets staked. A number of mass transfer and flow resistance experiments were performed for two gauze types and correlations were derived for the Sherwood number and the friction factor. The results were found to be in a reasonable agreement with the literature available.
The studied gauze structures were compared with a classic monolith for the assumed case study. The calculated length of the gauze structured reactor was significantly shorter, up to ten times, when compared with a classic ceramic monolith, but the pressure drop was higher.
Promoted cobalt oxide catalyst on the metallic structured reactor filling for VOC combustion as an alternative to noble metal catalysts
Authors: Łojewska Joanna , Kołodziej Andrzej , Żak Jerzy 
Published: May 2008

Promoted cobalt oxide catalyst on the metallic structured reactor filling for VOC combustion as an alternative to noble metal catalysts
VOC combustion is a demanding process for both the reactor and the catalyst design. As we have proved in recent papers the diffusional limitation of reaction rate that occurs during combustion may be overcome by designing the metallic microstructures used as reactor internals. Their application on an industrial scale depends on the development of an efficient method of catalyst layering on metallic supports and the optimisation of a fine catalyst structure which would not change the elaborated microstructure geometry. In this study we propose the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film method to deposit various metals (Al, Co) in the form of catalyst organic precursors. The film forming abilities of the precursors were checked by surface pressure measurements upon film compression, Brewster Angle Microscopy and by the monolayers stability measurements. The amount of the deposited materials was controlled by the LB parameters and verified by the TG measurements. The catalyst obtained in this way were characterized at various stages of the preparation by SEM/XFS, XPS, AFM and RM methods and tested in n-hexane combustion. Oxidation of the Al washcoat precursor led to the formation of γ-Al2O3 improving the properties of the Al2O3 layer (α phase) developed on the pre-calcined CrAl carrier. Oxidation of cobalt stearate deposited on the CrAl produced dispersed Co3O4 spinel. The cobalt catalysts were active in combustion showing resistance to sintering. Compared to standard Pt supported catalyst it demonstrated twice as low activation energy (50 kJ/mol).
Oxidation of hexafluoropropylene with molecular oxygen
Authors: Meissner Egbert , Wróblewska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2008

Oxidation of hexafluoropropylene with molecular oxygen
The results of the oxidation of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) to hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) have been presented. The oxidation was carried out in an autoclave within the range of temperatures of 120 - 170°C and in the presence of an organic solvent (carbon tetrachloride). Molecular oxygen was used here as an oxidizing agent. The influence of: the molar ratio of HFP/O from 13.4 to 4.09:1, the process temperature, the addition of inert gas (nitrogen) from 4 to 18 atm and the periodical dosing of oxygen were investigated. The functions describing the process were: the conversion of HFP and the yield of HFPO in relation to HFP consumed. The presented process is very interesting owing to a wide application of HFPO.
Structural and textural characterisation of NiMo catalysts supported on various zeolites
Authors: Sarbak Zenon , Fabiś Grażyna , Binkowski Sławomir 
Published: May 2008

Structural and textural characterisation of NiMo catalysts supported on various zeolites
Structural and textural properties of nickel-molybdenum catalysts supported on four various type of zeolites of different chemical composition and porous structure have been studied by the methods of IR, XRD and the low-temperature sorption of nitrogen. The catalysts have been obtained by the two-stage impregnation of the supports with the solutions of nickel and molybdenum salts by the method of incipient wetness. The catalysts have been shown to preserve the structure characteristic of the appropriate zeolite supports.
A quick method to determine the content of sulfates in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers
Authors: Sołtysik Barbara 
Published: May 2008

A quick method to determine the content of sulfates in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers
The paper presents the possibility of using barium-selective electrode to a potentiometric determination of sulfates in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers. The results of sulfates potentiometric titration in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers are described. A statistical interpretation of the results was carried out. The recommended method is based on the end-point detection of sulfates potentiometric titration in hydro-alcoholic medium by means of barium chlorate(VII) titrant. The potentiometric titration, which uses an ion-selective electrode as the indicator for the end-point was applied as the analytical technique. The parameter ranges for accurate sulfates determination in model solutions and the method of samples' preparation for analysis were investigated.
Cold plasma in the nanotechnology of catalysts
Authors: Tyczkowski Jacek , Kapica Ryszard 
Published: May 2008

Cold plasma in the nanotechnology of catalysts
In the paper the preparation of catalysts with the use of cold plasmas is discussed. A special attention is focused on nanocatalysts. In general, there are three main trends in this field: (1) plasma enhanced preparation of "classical" catalysts, (2) plasma sputtering of catalytically active compounds, especially metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and (3) plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (PEMOCVD) of very thin metal and metal oxide films with specific nanostructure. It is shown that the cold plasma techniques are very effective methods for designing the nanocatalysts with distinct and tunable chemical activity, specificity and selectivity. Finally, our preliminary investigations concerning CoOX catalytic films fabricated by the PEMOCVD method are presented.
Preparation of the TiO2 photocatalyst using pressurized ammonia
Authors: Wawrzyniak Beata , Janus Magdalena , Grzmil Barbara , Morawski Antoni 
Published: May 2008

Preparation of the TiO2 photocatalyst using pressurized ammonia
The industrial hydrated amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2ċ xH2O) was modified by treatment inside a chemical reactor under elevated pressure at low temperatures for 4 hours in an ammonia atmosphere. On the basis of the FTIR/DRS analysis the presence of nitrogen was confirmed. The XRD patterns of all of the catalysts exhibit mainly the diffraction lines of anatase phases. The photocatalytic activity of the modified photocatalysts was determined and compared to TiO2-P25 (Degussa, Germany). The high rate of phenol and dye degradation was obtained for the catalysts modified at 180°/15atm. TiO2-P25 showed similar activity in phenol decomposition like TiO2-15bar, whereas it was more active in dye decomposition.
Concentration of FeSO4 spent solutions by membrane distillation
Authors: Gryta Marek 
Published: May 2008

Concentration of FeSO4 spent solutions by membrane distillation
The possibility of potential application of membrane distillation for the concentration of waste salt solutions has been presented in this work. It was found that the oxidation of iron compounds takes place during the process that was associated with the formation of a layer of oxides on the membrane surface. A fast decline of the permeate flux was observed due to the scaling phenomena. The problem of scaling was eliminated by the acidification with H2SO4 of the feed to the pH value of 2.
Application of sulphuric(VI) acid leaching for magnesium removal from zinc concentrate
Authors: Jarosiński Andrzej , Fela Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Application of sulphuric(VI) acid leaching for magnesium removal from zinc concentrate
In this paper the results of investigation of magnesium removal from raw zinc concentrate have been presented. The raw materials derive from ZG Trzebionka and ZGH Bolesław. The differences in zinc and magnesium contents are characteristic of these materials. The experiments were carried out in the periodical reactor at 25°C using the H2SO4 solution of 20, 50, and 70%(v/v) concentration. The weight ratio of the solid phase to the liquid phase was 1:10 and 1:2. On the basis of the experimental results it can be stated that the application of sulphuric(VI) acid leaching permits to increase the zinc yield in Zn-Pb ore processing. This method permits to obtain zinc concentrate containing more than 60% Zn and MgO below 0.3% and CaO about 1.4%.
Pigments precipitated from chromate post-galvanic solutions in emulsion systems
Authors: Klapiszewska Beata , Krysztafkiewicz Andrzej , Jesionowski Teofil 
Published: May 2008

Pigments precipitated from chromate post-galvanic solutions in emulsion systems
Studies were conducted on the production of chromium(III) silicates, the green pro-ecological pigments. The pigments were precipitated from sodium silicate and chromium(III) sulphate solutions in the system of two emulsions prepared in hexane in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant as an emulsifier. The chromium(III) sulphate represented a reduction product of chromate(VI) compounds present in post-galvanic wastes. The reduction agent involved metanal in an acidic medium. The obtained products were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis, their dispersive and morphological properties were determined. The precipitated green products exhibiting intense colour, were uniform and their particles manifested a low tendency to form agglomerate structures.
Adsorption of 1,2-dichloropropane from aqueous solution
Authors: Pełech Robert , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: May 2008

Adsorption of 1,2-dichloropropane from aqueous solution
In this study dependences of the adsorption equilibrium of 1,2-dichloropropane in aqueous solution for six activated carbons (A, AG, AG5, DTO, WD-ekstra, CWZ-22) and four polymeric adsorbents (XE-563, XE-572, XE-340, XE-348) were presented. All the adsorption isotherms onto activated carbons were described by the Freundlich equation. To analyze the isotherms on the polymeric adsorbents the Langmuir-Freundlich equation was used. It was found that in the low range of the concentrations the adsorptive properties of the activated carbons are reduced in the following direction DTO>WD-ekstra>CWZ-22>AG>A>AG5. Reducing the adsorptive properties of the polymeric adsorbents states was carried out in the following order: XE-340> XE-572>XE-563>XE-348. The adsorbents XE-340, XE-572 and XE-563 have much more higher adsorptive properties than the applied activated carbons. Lower adsorptive properties of XE-348 are the result of its high surface polarity.
Methods of regeneration of spent pickling solutions from steel treatment plants
Authors: Regel-Rosocka Magdalena , Cieszyńska Anna , Wiśniewski Maciej 
Published: May 2008

Methods of regeneration of spent pickling solutions from steel treatment plants
Facing the still growing demand for metals, particularly for zinc, the recovery of metals from secondary sources should be considered. Spent pickling solutions can be the source of valuable products such as hydrochloric acid, zinc or iron salts or even metallic zinc. The selection of an efficient, selective and economical method for the regeneration of such solutions is a key issue for hot dip galvanizing plants, especially in reference to strict environmental protection regulations.
The mercury analysis in airborne particles emitted from coal-combustion processes
Authors: Szynkowska Małgorzata , Leśniewska Ewa , Pawlaczyk Aleksandra , Albińska Jadwiga , Bawolak Katarzyna , Paryjczak Tadeusz 
Published: May 2008

The mercury analysis in airborne particles emitted from coal-combustion processes
Determination of trace elements in combusted materials has always been an interesting field of environmental studies. Particulate matter, in particular, is a serious problem which, can lead to air pollution especially by heavy metals emissions in urban and industrial areas. There is a considerable concern about the elevated level of mercury released during combustion and the proportion of anthropogenic mercury in the environment. Nowadays, small-scale installations have been identified as a significant source-pathway for mercury pollution, particularly those that use coal. A total amount of mercury was determined using Mercury Analyzer. The investigated material consists of bottom ash, fly ash, slag, soot or dust. The obtained results varied according to the type of the material and plant. The developed methodology was checked by carrying out the analysis of certificate material of Soil NCS ZC 73001 and the reference material of Soil-7.
Phosphorus recovery from waste - methods review
Authors: Wzorek Zbigniew , Gorazda Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Phosphorus recovery from waste - methods review
According to sustainable development principles, searching for alternative phosphorus sources, especially possible ways of its recycling from waste, should be treated as a preferential problem of the phosphorus industry. The ways admitted as most important are:
- phosphorus recovery from municipal and industrial sewage and from sewage sludge,
- utilization of phosphorus from manure
- management of waste from meat industry
The forecasts elaborated at the end of the last century, indicate that over 50% of the world phosphorus resources in use today will be depleted during the next 60 - 70 years. That fact contributes to increase of market prices of phosphorus products.
This work presents possible directions for the recovery and management of sewage sludge, meat meal and manure as a phosphorus source for chemical industry.
Application of recycled natural aluminasilicate doped with vanadium for the decontamination of the air
Authors: Marcewicz-Kuba Agnieszka , Olszewska Danuta 
Published: May 2008

Application of recycled natural aluminasilicate doped with vanadium for the decontamination of the air
This paper reports studies on the influence of vanadium concentration on the catalytic activity of DESONOX catalysts (in DESOX reaction) based on modified montmorillonite from Jelsovy Potok. The investigation of the influence on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts on their behaviour has also been studied.
Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of selected bacterial strains
Authors: Wierzba Sławomir , Latała Adam 
Published: May 2008

Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of selected bacterial strains
In these studies we attempted to evaluate the lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activity of bacterial strains isolated from water and the bottom sediments of Turawa Lake. The following bacterial genera prevailed among the isolated strains: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas and Cytophaga. The lipolytic activity was determined using a titrimetric method, the proteolytic activity — using a modified Anson method, and the cellulolytic activity - on the basis of mass decrement of a cellulose disk after 14 days of bacterial culture. The cultures were maintained at 28°C, pH 7.0 with the following substrates: olive oil, albumin and cellulose disk. Among the analysed microorganisms, Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains showed the highest lipolytic and proteolytic activity. In the cellulolytic assay Cytophaga bacteria showed about twofold higher activity than that of Celulomonas.
Biodegradation of bottom sediments of Turawa Lake
Authors: Latała Adam , Wierzba Sławomir 
Published: May 2008

Biodegradation of bottom sediments of Turawa Lake
In this work we tested biopreparations developed in our laboratory for their ability to degrade the organic matter of the bottom sediments of Turawa Lake. The biodegradation was conducted under laboratory conditions for 6 weeks. For the testing purposes, there were three variants of biopreparations that contained autochthonous strains originating from our own collection and their mixture. The testing showed that the introduction of the biopreparations to the bottom sediment resulted in a significant increase of the number of bacteria, which consequently brought about the reduction of organic compounds in the sediment. In the case of all the variants, the number of bacteria increased by order of 102 - 104 CFU/g after 42 days of biodegradation. Among the tested biopreparations, the most effective one was the mixture of the autochthonous strains and those originating from the collection. After biopreparation was applied, a drop of content of carbohydrates by 66.94%, fatty matter by 83.33% and proteins by 74.42% was noted.
Agrochemical use of waste elemental sulphur in growing white mustard
Authors: Ryant Pavel , Hlušek Jaroslav 
Published: May 2008

Agrochemical use of waste elemental sulphur in growing white mustard
In a one-year pot experiment the effect of waste elementary sulphur on the following parameters was observed: 1. on the chemical composition of mustard plants during the growing season, 2. on the yield of seeds, straw and oil, 3. on the chemical composition of seeds and 4. on the content of the water-soluble sulphur in the soil after the harvest.
Elemental sulphur was obtained as a waste material of petroleum refining and was incorporated into a 15-15-15 NPK fertiliser where it comprised 4%. The experiment had the following variants: 1) control (unfertilised); 2) NPK 1; 3) NPK 2; 4) NPKS 1; 5) NPKS 2. The smaller dose amounted to 3.3 g, the higher one to 6.7 g of the fertiliser per pot (6 kg of soil). Moreover all variants were performed in 2 different soils - a medium soil with neutral pH value and a heavy one with alkali pH value.
At the stage of 6 true leaves, the content of nitrogen in plants increased in accordance with its dose. Simultaneously, sulphur applied in the NPKS fertiliser improved nitrogen utilization. The difference between the variants fertilised with NPK and the variants with NPKS amounted to 38.9% in the neutral medium soil, whereas in the alkali heavy soil it was as low as 1.4%.
The yield of both seed and straw in the fertilised variants was statistically significantly higher than in the unfertilised control variant. However, there were observed no statistically significant differences between the variants with sulphur and the variants without sulphur although both the yield of the seed and straw in the variants with NPKS was higher than in the variants with NPK.
The application of elemental sulphur into the neutral medium soil increased the concentration of both nitrogen and sulphur in the mustard seed in comparison with the variants fertilised with NPK only. The difference between them comprises 1.8% and 9.0% in variants with the small and high dose, respectively. In the heavy soil, the trend was opposite.
The application of sulphur into both soils resulted in the increase of the oil content in comparison with the NPK variants.
Sulphur addition to NPK had a positive impact on the augmentation of the available sulphur content in the soil which can positively affect, particularly the following crops. Still, a drop in the pH value was not confirmed.
The utilization of sorbents obtained from miscanthus using steam as the activation agent for wastewaters treatment
Authors: Bratek Krystyna , Bratek Wiesław , Kułażyński Marek 
Published: May 2008

The utilization of sorbents obtained from miscanthus using steam as the activation agent for wastewaters treatment
The possibility of obtaining sorbents with a good sorption capacity from miscanthus has been investigated. The chars and the activation products were obtained from the miscanthus in a rotary furnace. The activation process of miscanthus was carried out by water vapour at 700-800°C and at the activation time of 30-90 min. We found that the optimum conditions for the activation process were: the activation temperature of 750°C (activation time of 60 and 90 min) and 800°C (activation time of 45 or 60 min). For these conditions the sorbents with the best sorption capacity for p-chlorophenol, toluene, methylene blue and Congo red were obtained.