bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological Mapping and Stand-up Time Estimation based on Core Drilling Evaluation using Rock Mass Rating Method on The Main Spillway and Diversion Tunnel at Manikin Dam, Kupang Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Sianturi Lukas , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Hendarto  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Main Spillway and Diversion Tunnel at Manikin Dam is one of the dams under construction in the Kupang City area, where several soil or rock investigations have been carried out around it. However, the field investigations are not accompanied by a surface geological investigation or evaluation of subsurface geological conditions based on core drill results. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the engineering geological condition in tunnel construction by displaying surface and subsurface geological mapping with a scale of 1:10,000 and evaluate samples of core drilling using the Rock Mass Rating method in order to have more accurate stand-up time assumptions. The result of engineering geological mapping shows that the research area has three lithologies, namely a basalt unit, a carbonaceous sandstone unit, and a scaly claystone with a chaotic rock unit. The core-drill evaluation indicates that the research area is classified into three quality rock masses, namely Good Rock with an RMR Rating of 64, Fair Rock with an RMR Rating of 46, and Poor Rock with an RMR Rating of 36. The stand-up time value for each rock mass quality category is obtained from the quality rock mass results. The stand-up time value for the Good Rock category is 2200 hours, the Fair Rock category is 30 hours and the Poor Rock category is 1.2 - 1.7 hours. Based on the low stand-up time values in the Fair Rock and Poor Rock categories, it is expected that a support system will be installed immediately after tunnel excavation.
Discovering potential of different parts of Moringa oleifera’s plants as clarifying agent in coffee effluent treatment
Authors: Said Nor Sakinah Mohd , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh , Ismail Nur ‘Izzati 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Selection of coagulant for coagulation-flocculation treatment process involves more factors than we generally expect. Embracing emerging global concerns on green technologies and sustainability, researchers have been focusing on natural coagulant as an alternative to minimize environmental impact due to toxic chemical coagulants. Moringa oleifera has long been discovered as a highly potential agent in water clarification treatment, but most of the research done focuses only on the seeds of the plant. In this research, various parts of this plant species were studied namely soft stems, leaves, seeds and pods. These coagulants were prepared through drying and grinding methods, without any chemical activation or extraction to avoid unnecessary chemical burden on produced sludges or treated water after treatment. In treating coffee effluents, all these four coagulants from different parts (soft stems, leaves, seeds and pods) were able to remove good amount of turbidity compared to the control without coagulant. The performance of all four types of prepared coagulants were analyzed using jar test within similar dosage range to identify which part of M. oleifera that can serve the best coagulant. The highest removal of turbidity was achieved by the pods with 60-62% removal at a dosage as low as 0.03 and 0.04 g/L with 24-hour sedimentation. A similar range of turbidity removal was achieved by leaves coagulant at 0.06 g/L with similar operational conditions. These findings give evidence that different parts of M. oleifera plants possess good water clarifying ability, even better than the seeds that had been discovered beforehand.
Water sanitation and hygiene practices of the indigenous Tharu community in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Bishnu P , Devkota Bhimsen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nepal is a multi-ethnic country with cultural diversity according to ethnicity. Culturally rich, the Tharu ethnicity is the fourth largest ethnic group. Sanitation and hygiene are integral parts of their culture. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental for everyone. This study aims to identify the WASH practices and situation of diarrhoeal diseases among the Tharu ethnic group in the Chitwan district of Nepal. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was used for the study. The study area and ethnic group were selected randomly. Primary data were collected using an interview schedule and observation checklist. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24. The findings confirmed that all households clean their yards, and about 9 in 10 (87.5%) respondents have dustbins in their households. Almost all (98.8%) clean their kitchen utensils twice daily, and 96.8 percent use ash or soap as a cleaning agent. Nearly all (99.7%) households have a toilet (92.8% water seal), whereas 75.3 percent use water, brush, and cleaning agents, and 96.8 percent use separate slippers in the toilet. All the respondents wash their hands with soap before eating food and after defecation. Almost all (95.7%) wash their hands with soap after cleaning yards, 92.5 percent after cleaning the child’s bottom, 91.5 percent after touching cow dung, 89.9 percent after agricultural work, 73.1 percent after feeding the child, and 90.7 percent after cleaning the toilet. The study shows that 46.3 percent of women and girls use commercial sanitary pads during menstruation, and 43.7 percent use pieces of cloth as pads. About half (49.6%) clean their genitals four or more times daily, whereas nine in ten (92.6%) respondents take a bath four or more times during the menstrual period, and 76.8 percent use soap as a cleaning agent. In the previous year, only 26.1 percent of respondents’ families suffered from diarrhea; however, nobody was infected by cholera. The study suggests that socioeconomic status and contextual factors must be improved to strengthen and sustain WASH practices. Including good WASH practices of indigenous Tharu people in the local curriculum could motivate them to empower and develop further good practices, which is possible through the school curriculum, which the local and federal governments mandate.
Removal of total phosphate and sulfate from industrial wastewater by recirculating flow in nanofiltration
Authors: Firdaus Abiyyu Armijn Firman , Slamet Agus , Yuniarto Adhi , Said Nusa Idaman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study is related to industrial wastewater treatment in Indonesia using nanofiltration membrane technology and was carried out on a pilot scale. This research aims to study the total removal of phosphate and sulfate from industrial wastewater through flow recirculation in nanofiltration and the membrane pressure factors that influence the removal of these pollutants. The treated wastewater is industrial wastewater belonging to Jababeka Infrastruktur Corp. and is arranged in various concentrations. The membrane module in this study uses a spiral wound with model specifications NF2-4040 and a two-stage membrane system. The reactor used provides crossflow velocity and is processed by recirculation. The research results stated that variations in concentration and recovery rate provided total removal of phosphate and sulfate in the range of 70-90% and pressure reached 11 bar as both increased. This research has proven that nanofiltration membrane technology can remove total phosphate and sulfate, with the consequence that the more concentrated the wastewater being treated, the greater the pressure required.
Overpressure Estimation Based on Velocity Data Analysis in The Subduction Zone of Hyuga-nada at Western Nankai Trough, Japan
Authors: Ni’mah Kafa ‘Aisyana , Warnana Dwa Desa , Kinoshita Masataka , Komara Eki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Subduction zone is one of the areas which has great potential of earthquake. Nankai trough in Japan is such an area with subduction zone where earthquake records are well archived, despite its complexity. Also, slow earthquakes have been detected in this zone over the past 20 years, so that there are many opportunities to understand the dynamics and deformation in such an active setting. To expand the knowledge about slow earthquake which might occur and trigger a bigger earthquake, this study wants to infer the relationship between overpressure, one of the states and properties of seismogenic zone, and tremors. To carry out this research, 4 velocity models of seismicity line taken in Hyuga-nada are used. And the recorded tremor data placed around the lines came from Yamashita. In correlating the overpressure and tremors, this research is started by converting the Vp model to porosity model using Wyllie equation to predict the pore pressure conditions in the area. Then, the model will be used for fitting the actual data. Assuming there is an exact location following the normal compaction curve as a function of effective stress, it can be used for estimating the overpressure. Overpressure is economized by comparing the observed porosity and the reference curve at the same depth below seafloor. Potential overpressure occurred may be associated with areas of low Vp. The estimated overpressure is in the range of 1.2 to 12 MPa in the depth range of 700 to 4000mbsf. This study also concludes that the overpressure zone overlaps with the tremor location, although the overpressure value estimated is also still uncertain due to the uncertainty of the density value used.
Current status of environmental water quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed cultivation in the Seribu Islands, Indonesia and the concept of sustainable development by using a System Dynamic Model approach
Authors: Sujatmiko W , Karnaningroem N , Santoso I B , Aliah R S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the current status of water quality in seaweed cultivation environments related to the decline in seaweed production. Field research was conducted in the Seribu Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta, during April and May 2023. The analysis of environmental factors encompassed physical, chemical, and biological parameters at 12 designated sampling points. The results of the analysis of water quality parameters generally meet the requirements, except for oil and grease at 7-51 mg/L and nitrate at 1.60-6.3 mg/L, both of which exceed the quality standards for biota. Plankton analysis shows the total abundance of plankton reaches 36 to 9,070 ind/L. Evaluation of the suitability class shows that the waters are in class S (Suitable). The Pollution Index value ranges from 6.51 to 8.05, indicating a fairly polluted status. The high levels of oil and grease, nitrate, and the presence of index pollutants have a significant influence on the decline in seaweed production in the Seribu Islands Regency. The preparation of improvement strategies can be conducted using a System Dynamics Model approach, involving the creation of comprehensive Causal Loop Diagrams. This process considers four key factors: environmental water quality, human resources, technology, and seaweed.
Detailed yield assessment of carbon nanostructures synthesized by submerged arc discharge in water
Authors: Chao-Mujica Frank Justo , Corcho-Valdes Angel Luis , Padron-Ramirez Ivan , de Leon -Cabrera Josue Ponce , Hernandez-Tabares Lorenzo , Antuch Manuel , Desdin-Garcia Luis Felipe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Submerged arc discharge in water (SADW) is one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of high-quality carbon nanostructures (CNSs). Despite the numerous published studies on SADW, systematic data on yield is still lacking. The SADW runs as a succession of stable and unstable zones, but the influence of these zones on its yield has not yet been explored. The CNSs were synthesised in a SADW facility with a micro-positioning system controlled by current feedback, stabilisation via ballast resistance, and data recorded by a five-parameter correlated measurement system. The synthesis products were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherms. In this study, an approach is presented to determine the SADW yield by analysing the correlation between the process parameters recorded with the experimental setup and gravimetric measurements. In the work, the relationship between the formation of the different CNSs and the stable and unstable zones is discussed. The yield was determined at a current of 30 A, which is considered the optimal current for CNSs synthesis, and the estimation obtained indicates that it is in the range of 1%–1.3%. The energy consumption to produce CNSs was assessed to be around 80 kJ.mg−1. The results obtained contribute to clarifying some of the factors that influence yield and how to optimise it. This work provides a useful reference point for future work associated with CNS synthesis using SADW.
Genetic Structure and Origins of Siberian and Alaskan Arctic Populations
Authors: Crawford Michael H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research focused on the peopling of the Americas by comparing DNA markers in Siberian and Alaskan indigenous populations. In the first phase of the research, the Soviet Union did not give permission to collect samples from Chukotka, Siberia, forcing a modification of the original National Science Foundation grant. Instead of analyzing genetic variation of Siberian versus Alaskan populations, different linguistic groups were compared. Yupik-speaking Savoonga and Gambell on St. Lawrence Island were compared to Inupik-speaking Wales and King Island. Additional genetic data came from available Russian publications on Arctic populations. The Yupik populations clustered together as did the Inupik-speaking groups. The second phase of the research program was initiated after the USSR permitted research in Central Siberia and Kamchatka. MtDNA, NRY, and ABO molecular haplotypes were analyzed in samples of Evenki, Kets, Altai, Eveni, and Aleut Siberian populations. Because of their ancient ancestry, the Siberian groups exhibit a greater genetic variation than Alaskan indigenous populations.
Bio-demography of Italian and Hungarian Populations
Authors: Crawford Michael H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Genetic structure of human populations can be approximated using demographic data obtained from church records, government documents, and family interviews. Analyses were conducted on two regions of Europe: three alpine villages from Valle Maira, Italy; and 24 agricultural villages from Tiszhat, Hungary. These villages are isolated from the remainder of Hungary by the Tisza River. Frequency of exogamous marriages revealed a pattern of gene flow coming from outside the valley and villages. In Tiszahat, the relationship between geography and predicted kinship decreased over two time periods, suggesting an isolation-by-distance model. A shift in the Russian border had minimal effects on the genetic structure of the villages of Tiszahat. The closing of the Russian border in 1945 created a linear effect resulting from greater gene exchange between adjacent villages and the reduction of gene flow from an easterly direction.
Conclusion
Authors: Crawford Michael H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The concluding chapter summarizes the field investigations, sources of funds, and collaborations in over 50 years of research by an anthropological geneticist. The organization of 13 major research projects is discussed in some detail. All of the American Anthropological Association research guidelines are discussed. These guidelines include (1) do no harm; (2) be open and honest; (3) obtain informed consent; (4) acknowledge competing ethical obligations; (5) make results accessible; and (6) protect and preserve results. Finally, “What’s in it for the community?” The potential dangers of epidemic diseases and risks of violence are discussed in populations that are socially and politically unstable. Equal partnership is advocated between the indigenous communities and the scientist.
Simple Incisionless Temporary Stabilization: An Adjunct to Lower Blepharoplasty
Authors: Reggie Sara N , Ho Tiffany C , Buchanan Adam G , Holds John B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Lateral canthal tightening is indicated for patients undergoing lower eyelid blepharoplasty who have preexisting lower eyelid laxity or ectropion. A canthoplasty or canthopexy is indicated at the time of lower blepharoplasty to avoid postoperative complications, such as eyelid retraction or ectropion. Various surgical techniques are described to accomplish this goal, including canthopexy procedures, which usually access the lateral canthal tendon through an upper eyelid blepharoplasty or lateral canthal incision.

Objectives
To describe an incisionless technique adjunctive to lower blepharoplasty, which stabilizes the lower eyelid in the week following blepharoplasty.

Methods
This operative technique description and retrospective case series includes 15 patients who underwent a simple incisionless temporary stabilization (SITS) during lower eyelid blepharoplasty. The procedures were performed at the same outpatient office-based surgery center and were performed by the author surgeons. Patients were followed from 3 to 6 months postoperatively.

Results
The SITS procedure during lower eyelid blepharoplasty successfully maintained a desirable functional and aesthetic eyelid position with minimal complications. One patient reported tearing postoperatively which was determined to be unrelated to the SITS and resolved by the 1-month follow-up visit. No patient had any other complications during the follow-up period.

Conclusions
The SITS procedure was successfully utilized in patients with mild-to-moderate lower eyelid laxity and/or a negative vector to prevent postoperative ectropion and eyelid retraction. It is a more favorable alternative to temporary tarsorrhaphy, as it does not obstruct vision during healing and better secures the eyelid. It should not be used in patients with significant lower eyelid laxity that would place the patient at significant risk of ectropion and lower eyelid retraction related to swelling and inappropriate eyelid position during the early postoperative course.

Level of Evidence: 4
From local to global gene co-expression estimation using single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Tian Jinjin , Lei Jing , Roeder Kathryn 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In genomics studies, the investigation of gene relationships often brings important biological insights. Currently, the large heterogeneous datasets impose new challenges for statisticians because gene relationships are often local. They change from one sample point to another, may only exist in a subset of the sample, and can be nonlinear or even nonmonotone. Most previous dependence measures do not specifically target local dependence relationships, and the ones that do are computationally costly. In this paper, we explore a state-of-the-art network estimation technique that characterizes gene relationships at the single cell level, under the name of cell-specific gene networks. We first show that averaging the cell-specific gene relationship over a population gives a novel univariate dependence measure, the averaged Local Density Gap (aLDG), that accumulates local dependence and can detect any nonlinear, nonmonotone relationship. Together with a consistent nonparametric estimator, we establish its robustness on both the population and empirical levels. Then, we show that averaging the cell-specific gene relationship over mini-batches determined by some external structure information (eg, spatial or temporal factor) better highlights meaningful local structure change points. We explore the application of aLDG and its minibatch variant in many scenarios, including pairwise gene relationship estimation, bifurcating point detection in cell trajectory, and spatial transcriptomics structure visualization. Both simulations and real data analysis show that aLDG outperforms existing ones.
Growth modulatory effects of fenretinide encompass keratinocyte terminal differentiation: a favorable outcome for oral squamous cell carcinoma chemoprevention
Authors: Wang Daren , Pei Ping , Shea Fortune , Spinney Richard , Chang Albert , Lahann Joerg , Mallery Susan R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. From both the patient and socioeconomic perspectives, prevention of progression of premalignant oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) to OSCC is clearly the preferable outcome. Optimal OSCC chemopreventives possess a variety of attributes including high tolerability, bioavailability, efficacy and preservation of an intact surface epithelium. Terminal differentiation, which directs oral keratinocytes leave the proliferative pool to form protective cornified envelopes, preserves the protective epithelial barrier while concurrently eliminating growth-aberrant keratinocytes. This study employed human premalignant oral keratinocytes and an OSCC cell line to evaluate the differentiation-inducing capacity of the synthetic retinoid, fenretinide (4HPR). Full-thickness oral mucosal explants were evaluated for proof of concept differentiation studies. Results of this study characterize the ability of 4HPR to fulfill all requisite components for keratinocyte differentiation, i.e. nuclear import via binding to cellular RA binding protein-II (molecular modeling), binding to and subsequent activation of retinoic acid nuclear receptors (receptor activation assays), increased expression and translation of genes associated with keratinocyte differentiation [Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting] upregulation of a transglutaminase enzyme essential for cornified envelope formation (transglutaminase 3, functional assay) and augmentation of terminal differentiation in human oral epithelial explants (image-analyses quantified corneocyte desquamation). These data build upon the chemoprevention repertoire of 4HPR that includes function as a small molecule kinase inhibitor and inhibition of essential mechanisms necessary for basement membrane invasion. An upcoming clinical trial, which will assess whether a 4HPR-releasing mucoadhesive patch induces histologic, clinical and molecular regression in OIN lesions, will provide essential clinical insights.