bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of equine breeding farm characteristics as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals
Authors: Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. , Martens Ronald J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify farm characteristics as risk factors for the development ofRhodococcus equipneumonia in foals.Design—Prospective matched case-control study.Animals—2,764 foals on 64 equine breeding farms with 9,991 horses.Procedure—During 1997, participating veterinarians completed paired data collection forms, 1 for a farm with ≥ 1 foal withR equipneumonia and 1 for an unaffected control farm. Matched data were compared by use of conditional logistic regression analysis.Results—Farm characteristics found in bivariate analyses to be associated with increased risk for pneumonia caused byR equiin foals included > 200 farm acres, ≥ 60 acres used in the husbandry of horses, > 160 horses, ≥ 10 mares housed permanently on the farm (resident mares), > 17 foals, > 0.25 foals/acre, and the presence of transient mares (mares brought temporarily to the farm for breeding or foaling) and their foals. Affected farms were significantly more likely to be > 200 acres in size and have ≥ 10 resident dam-foal pairs, whereas control farms were significantly more likely to have ≥ 75% of their dam-foal pairs housed permanently on the farm.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Breeding farms with large acreage, a large number of mares and foals, high foal density, and a population of transient mares and foals are at high risk for foals developing pneumonia caused byR equi.(J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:467–475)
Demographic, clinical, and radiographic features of bronchiectasis in dogs: 316 cases (1988–2000)
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , Basseches Jessica , Berry Clifford R. , Stebbins Martha E. , Ferris Kelly K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine demographic, clinical, and
radiographic features of bronchiectasis in dogs.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—289 dogs identified through the Veterinary
Medical Database (VMDB) and 27 dogs examined at
the North Carolina State University Veterinary
Teaching Hospital.

Procedure—Demographic characteristics of dogs
identified through the VMDB were compared with
characteristics of the entire population of dogs
entered in the VMDB. Medical records of dogs examined
at the teaching hospital were reviewed; the diagnosis
was confirmed through review of thoracic radiographs.

Results—Analysis of data from the VMDB indicated
that American Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White
Terriers, Miniature Poodles, Siberian Huskies, English
Springer Spaniels, and dogs > 10 years old had an
increased risk of bronchiectasis. Among dogs examined
at the teaching hospital, coughing was the most
common clinical sign. There was evidence for excessive
airway mucus but not hemorrhage. A variety of
bacterial organisms were isolated from tracheal wash
and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. On thoracic radiographs,
cylindrical bronchiectasis, generalized disease,
and right cranial lung lobe involvement were
most common. Seven of 14 dogs for which follow-up
radiographs were available did not have any progression
of radiographic lesions. Median duration of clinical
signs prior to diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 9
months (range, 1 day to 10 years). Median survival
time was 16 months (range, 2 days to 72 months).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that despite substantial clinical abnormalities,
dogs with bronchiectasis may survive for years.
Certain purebred dogs and older dogs may have an
increased risk of developing bronchiectasis. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2003;223:1628–1635)
Association of breed with the diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: 2,400 cases (1980–2002)
Authors: Tobias Karen M. , Rohrbach Barton W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the annual and overall proportion of diagnoses of congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) in dogs and identify breeds at increased risk for CPSS.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—2,400 dogs with CPSS from veterinary teaching hospitals that reported to the Veterinary Medical Database (VMDB) from January 1, 1980 to February 28, 2002.Procedure—The proportion of diagnoses of CPSS was calculated for all dogs and each breed recorded in the VMDB annually and for the 22.2-year period. Odds ratios and adjusted confidence intervals were calculated for breeds with at least 100 accessions by comparing odds of each breed with a diagnosis of CPSS with that of mixed-breed dogs.Results—Congenital portosystemic shunts were reported in 0.18% of all dogs and 0.05% of mixedbreed dogs. The proportion of diagnoses of CPSS increased from 5 in 10,000 dogs in 1980 to 5 in 1,000 dogs in 2001. Yorkshire Terriers had the greatest total number of diagnoses of CPSS. Thirty-three breeds were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of CPSS, compared with mixed-breed dogs. The greatest proportions of diagnoses were found in Havanese (3.2%), Yorkshire Terriers (2.9%), Maltese (1.6%), Dandie Dinmont Terriers (1.6%), and Pugs (1.3%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Certain breeds appear to be at increased risk for CPSS, compared with mixed-breed dogs. The increased odds ratios among specific breeds support the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for CPSS. Clients and veterinarians should consider appropriate diagnostic tests for dogs with clinical signs and those used for breeding from breeds with increased risk of CPSS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1636–1639)
In vitro study of heat production during power reduction of equine mandibular teeth
Authors: Allen Martin L. , Baker Gordon J. , Freeman David E. , Holmes Kenneth R. , Marretta Sandra Manfra , Scoggins R. Dean , Constable Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure the amount of heat generated during 3 methods of equine dental reduction with power instruments.Design—In vitro study.Sample Population—30 premolar and molar teeth removed from mandibles of 8 equine heads collected at an abbatoir.Procedure—38-gauge copper-constantan thermocouples were inserted into the lingual side of each tooth 15 mm (proximal) and 25 mm (distal) from the occlusal surface, at a depth of 5 mm, which placed the tip close to the pulp chamber. Group-NC1 (n = 10) teeth were ground for 1 minute without coolant, group-NC2 (10) teeth were ground for 2 minutes without coolant, and group-C2 (10) teeth were ground for 2 minutes with water for coolant.Results—Mean temperature increase was 1.2°C at the distal thermocouple and 6.6°C at the proximal thermocouple for group-NC1 teeth, 4.1°C at the distal thermocouple and 24.3°C at the proximal thermocouple for group-NC2 teeth, and 0.8°C at the distal thermocouple and –0.1°C at the proximal thermocouple for group-C2 teeth.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In general, an increase of 5°C in human teeth is considered the maximum increase before there is permanent damage to tooth pulp. In group-NC2 teeth, temperature increased above this limit by several degrees, whereas in group-C2 teeth, there was little or no temperature increase. Our results suggest that major reduction of equine teeth by use of power instruments causes thermal changes that may cause irreversible pulp damage unless water cooling is used. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1128–1132)
Economic considerations for diagnostic and control options for Neospora caninum-induced abortions in endemically infected herds of beef cattle
Authors: Larson Robert L. , Hardin David K. , Pierce Vern L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare economic outcome for herds not exposed toNeospora caninumwith that for herds with various seroprevalences ofN caninuminfection and evaluate 3 control strategies.Design—Economic simulation model.Sample Population—Beef herds with various seroprevalences ofN caninuminfection.Procedure—A 5-year simulation model was used. Control strategies that were evaluated included culling females that fail to calve, selling seropositive females and purchasing seronegative replacements, and excluding the daughters of seropositive dams as potential replacements.Results—For a 5-year period with low prices for feeder calves, endemicN caninuminfection decreased mean return to fixed assets by 22.2% when true seroprevalence was 10% and by 29.9% when true seroprevalence was 70%. Percentage decrease in return to fixed assets was less dramatic when a 5-year period with high prices for feeder calves was evaluated. Analysis indicated that 2 control strategies (culling females that fail to give birth to a calf and selling seropositive female cattle and purchasing seronegative replacement female cattle) were not likely to be economically beneficial. The third control strategy (testing the entire herd forN caninuminfection and excluding the female offspring of seropositive dams as replacements) appeared to be a reasonable control strategy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For the assumptions in the model, endemicN caninuminfection decreases return to fixed assets for cow-calf herds. Of the potential control strategies evaluated, testing the entire herd forN caninuminfection and excluding the daughters of seropositive dams as potential replacements provided the best economic return. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1597–1604)
Efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride sterile suspension administered parenterally for the treatment of acute postpartum metritis in dairy cows
Authors: Chenault John R. , McAllister Joseph F. , Chester S. Theodore , Dame Kenneth J. , Kausche Fabian M. , Robb Edward J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of ceftiofur
hydrochloride sterile suspension administered parenterally
for treatment of acute postpartum metritis
(APM) in dairy cows.

Design—Multilocation, randomized block, field trial.

Animals—406 cows in the first 14 days postpartum.

Procedure—Cows with rectal temperatures ≥
39.5°C (103.1°F) without clinical signs of respiratory
or gastrointestinal tract disease and with a fetid
vaginal discharge were allocated randomly in
blocks of 3 to 3 treatment groups: sterile saline
(0.9% NaCl) solution administered at a dosage of 2
mL/45.4 kg (2 mL/100 lb), SC or IM, once daily for
5 days (control); or ceftiofur hydrochloride administered
at a dosage of 1.1 or 2.2 mg of ceftiofur
equivalents (CE)/kg (0.5 or 1 mg/lb, respectively),
SC or IM, once daily for 5 days. Cows were evaluated
on days 6, 10, and 14, and clinical cure or failure
to cure was determined. Clinical cure was
defined as no additional antimicrobial treatment
administered, rectal temperature < 39.5°C, and
absence of a fetid vaginal discharge.

Results—On day 14, clinical cure rates were 77%,
65%, and 62% for the 2.2 mg of CE/kg, 1.1 mg of
CE/kg, and control groups, respectively. No significant
differences were detected in clinical cure
rates between control and treatment groups on day
10 or 6.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ceftiofur
hydrochloride administered at a dosage of 2.2 mg of
CE/kg, SC or IM, once daily for 5 days was efficacious for
treatment of APM in dairy cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2004;224:1634–1639)
Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection among dogs in a small animal intensive care unit
Authors: Smarick Sean D. , Haskins Steve C. , Aldrich Janet , Foley Janet E. , Kass Philip H. , Fudge Mack , Ling Gerald V. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine incidence of and possible risk
factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection
(UTI) among dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit
and compare results of bacterial culture of urine samples
with results of bacterial culture of catheter tips.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—39 dogs.

Procedure—A standard protocol for aseptic catheter
placement and maintenance was used. Urine samples
were obtained daily and submitted for bacterial
culture. When possible, the urinary catheter tip was
collected aseptically at the time of catheter removal
and submitted for bacterial culture. Bacteria that were
obtained were identified and tested for antimicrobial
susceptibility.

Results—4 of the 39 (10.3%) dogs developed a UTI.
The probability of remaining free from UTI after 1 day
in the intensive care unit was 94.9%, and the probability
of remaining free from UTI after 4 days was
63.3%. Bacteria isolates were generally common urinary
tract pathogens and were susceptible to most
antimicrobials. Specific risk factors for catheter-associated
UTI, beyond a lack of antimicrobial administration,
were not identified. Positive predictive value of bacterial
culture of urinary catheter tips was only 25%.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that placement of an indwelling urinary catheter in
dogs is associated with a low risk of catheter-associated
UTI during the first 3 days after catheter placement,
provided that adequate precautions are taken for aseptic
catheter placement and maintenance. Results of
bacterial culture of urinary catheter tips should not be
used to predict whether dogs developed catheter-associated
UTI. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:1936–1940)
Evaluation of risk factors associated with development of postoperative ileus in horses
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Lester Guy D. , Sanchez L. Chris , Merritt Alfred M. , Roussel Allen J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine factors associated with development of postoperative ileus (POI) in horses undergoing surgery for colic.Design—Prospective case-control study.Animals—251 horses undergoing colic surgery, of which 47 developed POI.Procedure—Signalment, history, clinicopathologic data, pre- and postoperative treatments, lesions, complications, costs, and outcome were recorded for all horses during hospitalization.Results—Variables associated with increased odds of POI included small intestinal lesion, high PCV, and increased duration of anesthesia. There was modest evidence that pelvic flexure enterotomy and intraoperative administration of lidocaine may have reduced the odds of developing POI.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings during the preoperative and intraoperative periods can be used to identify horses at increased risk of POI. Reducing surgical and anesthetic duration should decrease the incidence of POI. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225: 1070–1078)
Massive hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs: 48 cases (1992–2002)
Authors: Liptak Julius M. , Dernell William S. , Monnet Eric , Powers Barbara E. , Bachand Annette M. , Kenney Juanita G. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical signs, diagnostic
findings, outcome, and prognostic factors in dogs
treated surgically for massive hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) and compare survival times of surgically
and conservatively treated dogs.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—48 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records were examined for clinical
signs, diagnostic and surgical findings, and postoperative
outcome. Dogs were allocated into surgery
and nonsurgery groups depending on whether curative-
intent liver lobectomy was performed. Data from
the surgical and nonsurgical groups were analyzed to
identify prognostic factors and determine and compare
rates of tumor control and survival time.

Results—42 dogs were treated surgically, and 6 were
managed conservatively. In the surgery group, intraoperative
mortality rate was 4.8% with no local recurrence,
metastatic rate was 4.8%, and median survival
time was > 1,460 days (range, 1 to 1,460 days). High
alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase
activities were associated with poor prognosis.
Median survival time for the nonsurgery group was
270 days (range, 0 to 415 days), which was significantly
less than that of surgically treated dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Liver lobectomy
is recommended for dogs with massive HCC
because tumor-related mortality rate was 15.4 times
higher in dogs in the nonsurgery group, compared
with the surgery group. Tumor control was excellent
after surgical resection with no local recurrence and a
low metastatic rate. Prognostic factors were identified,
but their clinical relevance was uncertain
because only 9.5% of dogs in the surgery group died
as a result of their disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2004;225:1225–1230)
Use of low molecular weight heparin in cats: 57 cases (1999–2003)
Authors: Smith Caren E. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Freeman Lisa M. , Brown Donald J. , Goodman Jennifer S. , Rush John E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine duration of administration, complications, and frequency of aortic thromboembolism associated with administration of low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—57 cats treated with dalteparin.Procedure—Data were recorded from the medical records of cats treated with dalteparin, and owners were contacted by telephone for information regarding ease of administration and possible adverse effects.Results—Dalteparin was easily administered by owners. Median dose was 99 U/kg (45 U/lb) once or twice daily. Bleeding complications were infrequent. Of 43 cats with cardiomyopathy that received owner-administered dalteparin for a median follow-up time of 172 days, 8 cats developed documented or possible arterial thromboembolism.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dalteparin was easily administered by owners and was well tolerated by cats. Whether dalteparin administration can reduce the frequency or severity of arterial thromboembolism is not yet known. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1237–1241)
Sensitivities of three county health department surveillance systems for child-related dog bites: 261 cases (2000)
Authors: Tan Regina L. , Powell Kenneth E. , Lindemer Kristen M. , Clay Molly M. , Davidson Steven C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To determine incidence of child-related
dog bites and sensitivities of 3 county health department
dog-bite surveillance systems.

Design—Retrospective study.
Study Population—Child-related dog-bite data obtained
from surveillance systems of 3 counties in Georgia in the
year 2000.

Procedure—To characterize the sensitivity of health
department dog-bite surveillance systems, 9 other
potential sources of dog-bite records that matched
records by victim name, age, gender, and incident
date were evaluated. The number of reported bites
and the most productive sources for identifying additional
cases were determined. The Chandra Sekar-
Deming capture-recapture method was used to estimate
the number of unreported bites, and estimates
of dog-bite incidence rates were made.

Results—40, 36, and 185 dog bites were reported in
the 3 counties, respectively. Capture-recapture calculations
estimated an additional 9, 5, and 128 dog bites in
these counties, respectively. Local health departments
recorded 45.5% to 82.5% of dog bites. Local hospital
emergency departments, police departments, and a
rabies-testing laboratory received additional reports.
Among these data sources, local hospital emergency
department records were the best source for identifying
additional cases.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dog bites are
a preventable cause of childhood injuries, and surveillance
is a critical tool for tracking childhood dog bites
in the community. Counties should use combined
data from local health departments, local hospital
emergency departments, and police departments to
implement or revise dog-bite prevention programs
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:1680–1683)
Clinicopathologic features of an unusual outbreak of cryptococcosis in dogs, cats, ferrets, and a bird: 38 cases (January to July 2003)
Authors: Lester Sally J. , Kowalewich Natalie J. , Bartlett Karen H. , Krockenberger Mark B. , Fairfax Theyne M. , Malik Richard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical and pathologic findings associated with an outbreak of cryptococcosis in an unusual geographic location (British Columbia, Canada).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—1 pink-fronted cockatoo, 2 ferrets, 20 cats, and 15 dogs.Procedure—A presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcosis was made on the basis of serologic, histopathologic, or cytologic findings, and a definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of culture or immunohistochemical staining.Results—No breed or sex predilections were detected in affected dogs or cats. Eleven cats had neurologic signs, 7 had skin lesions, and 5 had respiratory tract signs. None of 17 cats tested serologically for FeLV yielded positive results; 1 of 17 cats yielded positive results for FIV (western blot). Nine of 15 dogs had neurologic signs, 2 had periorbital swellings, and only 3 had respiratory tract signs initially. Microbiologic culture in 15 cases yielded 2 isolates ofCryptococcus neoformansvargrubii(serotype A) and 13 isolates ofC neoformansvargattii(serotype B); all organisms were susceptible to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Serologic testing had sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 98%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serologic titers were beneficial in identifying infection in animals with nonspecific signs, but routine serum biochemical or hematologic parameters were of little value in diagnosis. Most animals had nonspecific CNS signs and represented a diagnostic challenge. Animals that travel to or live in this region and have nonspecific malaise or unusual neurologic signs should be evaluated for cryptococcosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1716–1722)
Effects of treatment with and without adjuvant radiation therapy on recurrence of ocular and adnexal squamous cell carcinoma in horses: 157 cases (1985–2002)
Authors: Mosunic Cory B. , Moore Phillip A. , Carmicheal K. Paige , Chandler Matthew J. , Vidyashankar Anand , Zhao Ying , Roberts Royce E. , Dietrich Ursula M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of treatment with and without adjuvant radiation therapy on recurrence of ocular and adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at specific anatomic locations in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—91 horses.Procedures—Medical records of horses with histologically confirmed ocular and adnexal SCC evaluated from 1985 to 2002 were reviewed. Sex, breed, age, type of treatment, location, and recurrence of SCC were recorded. Two treatment groups determined by recurrence of SCCs treated with and without adjuvant radiation therapy were established.Results—The anatomic site with the highest recurrence rate was the limbus (junction of the cornea and sclera) or bulbar conjunctiva (47.7%), independent of treatment group. There was a significant difference in recurrence rates of ocular and adnexal SCCs between the 2 treatment groups, independent of anatomic location. Recurrence rates of SCCs treated with and without adjuvant radiation therapy were 11.9% and 44.1%, respectively. Recurrence rates for SCCs of the eyelid, limbus or bulbar conjunctiva, and cornea treated with adjuvant radiation therapy were significantly different from those for SCCs treated without adjuvant radiation therapy. The most frequently represented anatomic site for ocular and adnexal SCCs was the eyelid (28.7%). Coat color, breed, and the interaction of age and breed had a significant effect on tumor recurrence regardless of treatment type and anatomic location.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that ocular and adnexal SCCs treated with adjuvant radiation therapy had a significantly lower recurrence rate, compared with SCCs treated without adjuvant radiation therapy, independent of anatomic location. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1733–1738)