bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface electromyography‐based biofeedback can facilitate recovery from total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Armshaw Brennan , Vaidya Manish , Mehta Sacheen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis is among the most prevalent chronic diseases. Total knee arthroplasty is a common solution that effectively addresses the continued structural degeneration of the articular cartilage. However, effective physical therapy is critical for recovery. Despite participating in physical therapy, many patients fail to recover. This study investigated the potential efficacy of a behaviorally informed approach to surface electromyographic biofeedback following total knee arthroplasty relative to the clinical standard, neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The surface electromyographic biofeedback procedure incorporated improved techniques for establishing a baseline and individualized and adjusting criteria for feedback. The findings suggest some advantages for surface electromyographic biofeedback over neuromuscular electrical stimulation in quadriceps strength, range of motion, functional recovery, and quality of life. Behaviorally informed surface electromyographic biofeedback holds promise for total knee arthroplasty recovery and these data suggest considerable room for collaboration between behavior analysts and physical therapists.
Role of high‐volume plasmapheresis in the management of paediatric acute liver failure
Authors: Hilberath Johannes , Camelli Vittoria , Hofer Christiane , Hartleif Steffen , Nadalin Silvio , Peters Maren , Kumpf Matthias , Bevot Andrea , Zirngibl Matthias , Weitz Marcus , Sturm Ekkehard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesPaediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a life‐threatening disease. Management aims to support hepatic regeneration or to bridge to liver transplantation. High‐volume plasmapheresis (HVP) removes protein‐bound substances, alleviates inflammation, and improves survival in adult acute liver failure. However, experience with HVP in PALF is limited. Aim of this study is to report on feasibility, safety, efficacy and outcomes of HVP in PALF.MethodsRetrospective observational study in children with PALF. HVP was performed upon identification of negative prognostic indicators, in toxic aetiology or multiorgan failure (MOF). Exchanged volume with fresh‐frozen plasma corresponded to 1.5–2.0 times the patient's estimated plasma volume. One daily cycle was performed until the patient met criteria for discontinuation, that is, liver regeneration, liver transplantation, or death.ResultsTwenty‐two children with PALF (body weight 2.5–106 kg) received 1–7 HVP cycles. No bleeding or procedure‐related mortality occurred. Alkalosis, hypothermia and reduction in platelets were observed. Haemolysis led to HVP termination in one infant. Seven children (32%) survived with their native livers, 13 patients (59%) underwent liver transplantation. Two infants died due to MOF. Overall survival was 86%. International normalization ratio (INR), alanine aminotransaminases (ALT), bilirubin and inotropic support were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) after the first HVP‐cycle (median): INR 2.85 versus 1.5; ALT 1280 versus 434 U/L; bilirubin 12.7 versus 6.7 mg/dL; norepinephrine dosage 0.083 versus 0.009 µg/kg/min. Median soluble‐interleukin‐2‐receptor dropped significantly following HVP (n = 7): 2407 versus 950 U/mL (p < 0.02).ConclusionsHVP in PALF is feasible, safe, improves markers of liver failure and inflammation and is associated with lowering inotropic support. Prospective and controlled studies are required to confirm efficacy of HVP in PALF.
Esophago‐gastric junction findings on high resolution impedance manometry in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Tan Tanny Sharman P. , Senior Nicholas D. , Comella Assia , McCall Lisa , Hutson John M. , Finch Sue , Safe Mark , Teague Warwick J. , Omari Taher I. , King Sebastian K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesUsing high resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), this study characterized the esophago‐gastric junction (EGJ) dynamics in children with esophageal atresia (EA).MethodEsophageal HRIM was performed in patients with EA aged less than 18 years. Objective motility patterns were analyzed, and EGJ data reported. Controls were pediatric patients without EA undergoing investigations for consideration of fundoplication surgery.ResultsSeventy‐five patients (M:F = 43:32, median age 1 year 3 months [3 months–17 years 4 months]) completed 133 HRIM studies. The majority (64/75, 85.3%) had EA with distal tracheo‐esophageal fistula. Compared with controls, liquid swallows were poorer in patients with EA, as evident by significant differences in distension pressure emptying and bolus flow time (BFT). The integrated relaxation pressure for thin liquid swallows was significantly different between EA types, as well as when comparing patients with EA with and without previous esophageal dilatations. The BFT for solid swallows was significantly different when compared with EA types.ConclusionsWe have utilized HRIM in patients with EA to demonstrate abnormalities in their long‐term EGJ function. These abnormalities correlate with poorer esophageal compliance and reduced esophageal peristalsis across the EGJ. Understanding the EGJ function in patients with EA will allow us to tailor long‐term management to specific patients.
Formula modifications to the Crohn's disease exclusion diet do not impact therapy success in paediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Landorf Emma , Hammond Paul , Abu‐Assi Rammy , Ellison Samuel , Boyle Terry , Comerford Annabel , Couper Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) + partial enteral nutrition (PEN) is an emerging diet used to induce clinical remission in children with active Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the CDED+PEN to induce clinical remission in an Australian group of children with active CD using different PEN formulas and incorporating patient dietary requirements.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from children (both newly diagnosed and with existing CD while on therapy) with active CD (Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [PCDAI] ≥10) and biochemical evidence of active disease (elevated C‐reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or faecal calprotectin [FC]) who completed at least phase 1 (6 weeks) of the CDED+PEN to induce clinical remission. Data were collected at baseline, Week 6 and Week 12. The primary endpoint was clinical remission at Week 6 defined as PCDAI < 10.ResultsTwenty‐four children were included in phase 1 analysis (mean age 13.8 ± 3.2 years). Clinical remission at Week 6 was achieved in 17/24 (70.8%) patients. Mean PCDAI, CRP, ESR and FC decreased significantly after 6 weeks (p < 0.05). Formula type (cow's milk based, rice based, soy based) did not affect treatment efficacy. A greater than 50% decrease in FC was achieved in 14/21 (66.7%) patients who completed phase 1 and 12/14 (85.7%) patients who completed phase 2 of the CDED+PEN.ConclusionsFormula modifications to the CDED+PEN do not impact the expected treatment efficacy in Australian children with active luminal CD.
The prevalence and predictors of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis/cirrhosis among adolescents/young adults
Authors: Perumpail Brandon J. , Manikat Richie , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz , Kim Donghee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the current prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and fibrosis/cirrhosis and identified at‐risk populations for MASLD and MASLD‐related fibrosis among US adolescents and young adults in the United States.MethodsUtilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017−2020, the prevalence of MASLD and fibrosis/cirrhosis was assessed via controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score and liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography in participants aged 12−29 years with at least one cardiometabolic criteria and absence of other chronic liver disease. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of MASLD and MASLD‐related fibrosis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MASLD was 23.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.3−26.5 for CAP ≥ 263 dB/m) and 17.3% (95% CI: 14.7−20.0 for ≥285 dB/m), respectively. The prevalence of fibrosis and cirrhosis in MASLD was 11.0% and 3.1%, respectively. When categorized by age, the prevalence of MASLD varied from 16.8% (of which 6.2% [fibrosis], 1.8% [cirrhosis]) in early and middle adolescents (12−17 years), to 25.5% (11.8% [fibrosis], 4.8% [cirrhosis]) in late adolescents and young adults (18−24 years), and to 30.4% (of which 13.2% [fibrosis] and 2.1% [cirrhosis]) in older young adults (25−29 years). The independent predictors for MASLD included male sex, Hispanic, non‐Hispanic Asian, body mass index, and low HDL‐cholesterol. In contrast, diabetes and body mass index were associated with an increased risk of fibrosis in individuals with MASLD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MASLD and related fibrosis in adolescents and young adults in the United States has reached a significant level, with a substantial proportion of cirrhosis.
Catabolism of phenolics from grape peel and its effects on gut microbiota during in vitro colonic fermentation
Authors: Cui Wenyu , Chen Fuchun , Sun Zhaoyue , Cui Caifang , Xu Ben , Shen Weijun , Wan Fachun , Cheng Anwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape peels, the main by‐products of wine processing, are rich in bioactive ingredients of phenolics, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Phenolics have the function of regulating intestinal microbiota and promoting intestinal health. From the perspective of the dietary nutrition of grape peel phenolics (GPP), the present study aimed to investigate the influence of GPP on the composition and metabolism of human gut microbiota during in vitro fermentation.RESULTSThe results indicated that GPP could decrease pH and promote the production of short‐chain fatty acids. ACE and Chao1 indices in GPP group were lower than that of the Blank group. GPP enhanced the levels of Lachnospiraceae UCG‐004, Bacteroidetes and Roseburia, but reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Proteins and Genome enrichment pathways related to phenolic acid metabolism mainly included flavonoid, anthocyanin, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Gut microbiota could accelerate the release and breakdown of phenolic compounds, resulting in a decrease in the content of hesperetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside etc. In vitro antibacterial test found that GPP increased the diameters of the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose‐dependent manner.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study revealed that GPP might be a potential prebiotic‐like to prevent diseases by improving gut health. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for the potential to exploit GPP as dietary nutrition to maintain intestinal function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring the flavor changes in mung bean flour through Lactobacillus fermentation: insights from volatile compounds and non‐targeted metabolomics analysis
Authors: Xue Yuqi , Chen Jie , Wang Lei , Wang Yuwen , Xu Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMung beans are highly nutritious but their leguminous flavor limits their development. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation can decrease unwanted bean flavors in legumes and enhance their flavor. This study examined the influence of Lactobacillus fermentation on the flavor characteristics of mung bean flour (MBF) using volatile compounds and non‐targeted metabolomics.RESULTSLactobacillus plantarum LP90, Lactobacillus casei LC89, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 eliminated 61.37%, 48.29%, and 43.73%, respectively, of the primary bean odor aldehydes from MBF. The relative odor activity value (ROAV) results showed that fermented mung bean flour (FMBF) included volatile chemicals that contributed to fruity, flowery, and milky aromas. These compounds included ethyl acetate, hexyl formate, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, and 2,3‐butanedione. The levels of amino acids with a fresh sweet flavor increased significantly by 93.89, 49.40, and 35.27% in LP90, LC89, and LA85, respectively. A total of 49 up‐regulated and 13 down‐regulated significantly differential metabolites were annotated, and ten metabolic pathways were screened for contributing to the flavor. The correlation between important volatile compounds and non‐volatile substances relies on two primary metabolic pathways: the citric acid cycle pathway and the amino acid metabolic system.CONCLUSIONThe flavor of MBF was enhanced strongly by the process of Lactobacillus fermentation, with LP90 having the most notable impact. These results serve as a reference for identifying the flavor of FMBF. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
When to ditch the ladder and take the elevator: The Anderson SArcoma Risk of Complications (A‐SARC) score to guide reconstructive decision‐making in extremity soft tissue sarcoma patients
Authors: Mericli Alexander F. , Elmorsi Rami , Camacho Luis , Hassan Abbas , Krijgh David D. , Tilney Gordon , Lyu Heather , Traweek Raymond S. , Witt Russell G. , Roubaud Margaret S. , Roland Christina L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe reconstructive ladder relies mostly on defect size and depth to determine reconstructive technique, however, in actuality, many more variables ultimately inform reconstructive decision making, especially regarding extremity soft tissue sarcoma (eSTS) defects. The purpose of this study was to describe eSTS patients who will most optimally benefit from an advanced method of reconstruction (defined as a pedicled regional flap or free flap) and to create a simple risk assessment scale that can be employed in clinical practice.Study DesignA single‐institution retrospective cohort study examined patients undergoing resection of soft tissue sarcoma affecting the upper or lower extremities between 2016 and 2021. We categorized patients who required a pedicled or free flap as having had advanced reconstruction, and all other techniques were considered simple reconstruction. A regression was used to create a risk scale to guide reconstructive decision‐making.ResultsThe following variables were identified as independent predictors of complications and used to create our risk scale: lower extremity tumor location, preoperative radiotherapy, tumor bed excision, male sex, hypertension, and tumor volume. Intermediate and high‐risk patients reconstructed using simple techniques had significantly greater overall complication rates compared to those reconstructed with advanced techniques. Major complications were significantly greater in low‐risk patients reconstructed with advanced techniques.ConclusionsTo minimize postoperative wound complications, low‐risk patients should receive simple methods of reconstruction, whereas high‐risk patients should be reconstructed using advanced techniques.
Ultra‐low dose radiation therapy for primary cutaneous indolent B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Kasera Shalini , Weil Christopher R. , Wada David , Bowling Marianne , Hu Boyu , Gaffney David K. , Maity Amit , Tao Randa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL) and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) are indolent radiosensitive lymphomas, with national guidelines recommending 24 Grey (Gy) in 12 fractions, despite shorter regimens showing no difference in overall survival. Multiple studies demonstrate 4 Gy in two fractions is effective in other indolent lymphomas. Shorter regimens may result in less toxicity for patients.ObjectivesWe aim to characterise local control rates in PCFCL and PCMZL treated with radiation therapy (RT) with 4 Gy in two fractions.MethodsFrom a single institution database, we retrospectively identified all patients with PCFCL and PCMZL treated with 4 Gy in two fractions between 2011 and 2022. Prior topical or systemic treatments were permitted. T‐cell or high‐grade B‐cell cutaneous lymphomas, or those with less than 6 months follow‐up, were excluded. Primary outcomes were rates of response and local failure per lesion as determined by a radiation oncologist and oncologic dermatologist.ResultsForty‐three consecutive patients with 98 lesions treated were identified. Twenty‐four (56%) of the patients had PCMZL, and the remainder had PCFCL. Most lesions (97%) received RT with electrons. The complete response or partial response rate was 94%. Six local failures were identified (6%). With a median follow‐up of 2.75 years, 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year local failure‐free survival were 94%, 94% and 92%, respectively. There was minimal acute toxicity, no late toxicity and no cosmesis issues. No clinical features were predictive of local failure.ConclusionsUltra‐low dose radiation was associated with high rates of local control and minimal toxicity and may reduce personal burden and financial toxicity in appropriately selected patients.
Shape Memory Polyurethane Composite With Fast Response to Near‐Infrared Light Based on Tannic Acid–Iron and Dynamic Phenol‐Carbamate Network
Authors: Yong Yong , Liu Yang , Zhang Zetian , Dai Songbo , Yang Xiaohan , Li Fufen , Li Zhengjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntelligent materials derived from green and renewable bio‐based materials garner widespread attention recently. Herein, shape memory polyurethane composite (PUTA/Fe) with fast response to near‐infrared (NIR) light is successfully prepared by introducing Fe3+ into the tannic acid‐based polyurethane (PUTA) matrix through coordination between Fe3+ and tannic acid. The results show that the excellent NIR light response ability is due to the even distribution of Fe3+ filler with good photo‐thermal conversion ability. With the increase of Fe3+ content, the NIR light response shape recovery rate of PUTA/Fe composite films is significantly improved, and the shape recovery time is reduced from over 60 s to 40 s. In addition, the mechanical properties of PUTA/Fe composite film are also improved. Importantly, owing to the dynamic phenol–carbamate network within the polymer matrix, the PUTA/Fe composite film can reshape its permanent shape through topological rearrangement and show its good NIR light response shape memory performance. Therefore, PUTA/Fe composites with high content of bio‐based material (TA content of 15.1–19.4%) demonstrate the shape memory characteristics of fast response to NIR light; so, it will have great potential in the application of new intelligent materials including efficient and environmentally friendly smart photothermal responder.
Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns
Authors: Wuenschel Mark J. , Bean Kelcie A. , Rajaniemi Tara , Oliveira Kenneth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Energy density (ED) estimates for marine forage species have been limited, impeding our understanding of this important trophic level. We studied the EDs of eight key forage species: Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearis, Northern Sand Lance Ammodytes dubius, Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus, Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus, northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus, and longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii (also known as Loligo pealeii).

Methods
Samples were obtained during spring and fall bottom trawl surveys across five regions (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, southern New England, northern Middle Atlantic Bight, and southern Middle Atlantic Bight) from 2017 to 2019. In the laboratory, we developed predictive relations between the percent dry weight (%DW) and ED (kJ/g wet weight) determined by proximate composition analysis (n = 606; r2 = 0.76–0.98) to estimate the ED of additional samples (n = 4583). For each species, we modeled ED as a function of size, depth, season, and year (as factors) as well as location (latitude, longitude) using generalized additive models (GAMs).

Result
Alewife, Atlantic Herring, Northern Sand Lance, Atlantic Mackerel, and Butterfish were classified as high-quality prey (ED &gt; 6 kJ/g), although Atlantic Herring ED was nearly half the values reported in earlier studies. Silver Hake, northern shortfin squid, and longfin inshore squid were classified as moderate-quality prey (4 kJ/g &lt; ED &lt; 6 kJ/g). Most species had higher EDs in the fall following summer feeding than in the spring after spawning and/or reduced winter feeding. The best-fitting GAMs included weight, depth (by season), season, and year effects for most species. Location (by season) explained significant amounts of variation.

Conclusion
Observed variation in ED across regions, species, seasons, and years provides the empirical data necessary to consider hypotheses related to “upstream” regulation of ED (via environmental drivers and productivity) and “downstream” effects on recruitment for these forage species as well the species that prey on them.
Resistive‐reactive class‐X power amplifier with bandwidth beyond one octave
Authors: Ye Junze , Guo Xin , Wu Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents a resistive‐reactive Class‐X power amplifier (PA) with bandwidth beyond one octave. By introducing resistive component into the second‐harmonic load of Class‐X power amplifier, the impedance design space is expanded. The basic theory of extended Class‐X PA is deduced, including impedance calculation, high‐efficiency design consideration and targeted impedance trace design. An impedance overlapping region between fundamental and second‐harmonic impedances with high drain efficiency is obtained, paving the way for bandwidth enhancement. For validation, the Class‐X and extended Class‐X theory are employed to design a broadband PA with bandwidth of 0.6–2.6 GHz (125%), drain efficiency of 57%–70%, and gain of 10.2–13.2 dB.
AAPM WGVRTO report 390: A survey of veterinary radiation oncology equipment and infrastructure in 2022
Authors: Basran Parminder S. , Turek Michelle , Selting Kimberly A. , Rancilio Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince 2010, there has been little published data on the state of equipment and infrastructure in veterinary radiation oncology clinical practice. These data are important not only to identify the status and use of technology within the veterinary radiation oncology community but also to help identify the extent of medical physics support. The purpose of our study is to report findings from a survey of veterinary radiation oncologists in the USA, Canada, and select centers outside of North America in 2022. A 40‐question survey covering topics such as type of radiotherapy equipment, techniques offered, treatment planning systems and dose calculation algorithms, special techniques, board‐certified radiation oncologists and residents, and extent of medical physics support was distributed through an online survey tool. Results from 40 veterinary radiation oncology institutions, with equipment explicitly used for veterinary care, suggest that the current state of practice is not dissimilar to what currently exists in human radiation oncology facilities; techniques and technologies commonly employed include flattening filter‐free mode megavoltage beams, volumetric arc therapy, daily cone‐beam computed tomography, image‐guided radiation therapy, and sophisticated dose calculation algorithms. These findings suggest the need for modern radiation oncology acceptance testing, commissioning, and quality assurance programs within the veterinary community. The increase in veterinary radiation oncology residency positions and increasing sophistication of equipment suggests that increased levels of standardized medical physics support would benefit the veterinary radiation oncology community.