bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 Score Response After Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: a Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Caraway John , Ryan Matthew , Yang Alex , Watson Nora , Allard Rhonda , Orestes Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveCurrently, the relationship between parathyroidectomy and objective neuropsychiatric outcomes are not clearly defined. The purpose of this study is to perform the first ever Meta‐analysis of preoperative and postoperative PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scores in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy with the goal of identifying a specific psychometric score that could be used as an indication for surgical intervention.Data SourcesA comprehensive search of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Ovid All EBM Reviews.Review MethodsStudies met inclusion criteria if they evaluated preoperative and postoperative PHQ‐9 and/or GAD‐7 scores in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy. Random effects Meta‐analyses were used to analyze the compiled data.ResultsThe literature search returned 1433 articles for initial review of which 6 (1105 participants) met criteria for inclusion and Meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis revealed that primary hyperparathyroidism patients had significantly higher presurgical PHQ‐9 scores when compared to control groups. Additionally, patients experienced a statistically significant and sustained decrease in PHQ‐9 scores following parathyroidectomy. Notably, there was a dramatic decrease in the percentage of patients with PHQ‐9 scores ≥10 (considered clinically significant for depression) following parathyroidectomy.ConclusionPatients with primary hyperparathyroidism experience a statistically significant and sustained improvement in PHQ‐9 scores following parathyroidectomy. Additionally, symptoms of anxiety and suicidal ideation appear to decrease after parathyroidectomy. We propose that a PHQ‐9 score ≥10 could potentially be used as an indication for parathyroidectomy in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.
Numerical modeling of magnetohydrodynamic non‐Newtonian flow in a cross‐slot
Authors: Periyadurai K. , Pascoa J. C. , Abdollahzadehsangroudi M. , Oliveira P. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study numerically investigates the characteristics of a non‐Newtonian magnetohydrodynamic flow in a cross‐slot. Numerical simulations are performed using power law, Bird–Carreau and Casson non‐Newtonian fluid models. The flow characteristics and shear viscosity behavior in the flow region are analyzed for different values of magnetic field. Additionally, the dynamic behavior of the bifurcated flow in the cross‐slot is studied in detail, and the computational results are compared with existing models. It is shown that the fluid velocity is reduced in both the inlet and outlet channels of the cross‐slot due to the magnetic field, regardless of the viscosity model. Moreover, it is found that the fluid viscosity increases along the centerline of the inlet channels and decreases in the outlet channels of the cross‐slot for all non‐Newtonian fluid models tested here. Furthermore, this study shows that the flow properties of the non‐Newtonian fluids can be controlled by changing the magnetic field strength. The results of this study will be useful for analyzing the flow behavior of blood in a microfluidic cross‐slot and other rheological fluids used in biochemical engineering and industrial processes, where higher mass transfer and mixing efficiency can be achieved by imposing an external magnetic field.Highlights
Simulation of non‐Newtonian magnetohydrodynamic flow in a cross‐slot is conducted.
Analysis of the flow and shear viscosity behavior for different Hartman number is performed.
Flow properties were successfully controlled with the imposed external magnetic field.
Lung clearance index (LCI2.5) changes after initiation of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in children with cystic fibrosis aged between 6 and 11 years: The “real‐world” differs from trial data
Authors: Urquhart Don S. , Dowle Heather , Moffat Kellie , Forster Jody , Cunningham Steve , Macleod Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundElexacaftor in combination with Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor (ETI) became licensed in the United Kingdom in early 2022 for children aged 6–11 years with cystic fibrosis (CF) and an eligible mutation. Many in this age group have excellent prior lung health making quantitative measurement of benefit challenging. Clinical trials purport that lung clearance index (LCI2.5) measurement is most suitable for this purpose.ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the clinical utility of LCI2.5 in detecting change after commencing ETI in the real world.Patient Selection/MethodsBaseline anthropometric data were collected along with spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacityFV and LCI2.5 measures in children aged 6–11 years with CF before starting ETI. Measures were repeated after a mean (range) of 8.2 (7–14) months of ETI treatment. The primary endpoint was a change in LCI2.5, with secondary endpoints including change in FEV1 and change in body mass index (BMI) also reported.ResultsTwelve children were studied (seven male, mean age 9.5 years at baseline). Our study population had a mean (SD) LCI2.5 of 7.01 (1.14) and FEV1 of 96 (13) %predicted at baseline. Mean (95% confidence interval) changes in LCI2.5 [−0.7 (−1.4, 0), p = .06] and BMI [+0.7 (+0.1, +1.3), p = .03] were observed, along with changes in FEV1 of +3.1 (−1.9, +8.1) %predicted.ConclusionsReal‐world changes in LCI2.5 (−0.7) are different to those reported in clinical trials (−2.29). Lower baseline LCI2.5 as a result of prior modulator exposure, high baseline lung health, and new LCI2.5 software analyses all contribute to lower LCI2.5 values being recorded in the real world of children with CF.
What they forgot to tell you about machine learning with an application to pharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Johnson Kjell , Kuhn Max 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPredictive models (a.k.a. machine learning models) are ubiquitous in all stages of drug research, safety, development, manufacturing, and marketing. The results of these models are used inside and outside of pharmaceutical companies for the purpose of understanding scientific processes and for predicting characteristics of new samples or patients. While there are many resources that describe such models, there are few that explain how to develop a robust model that extracts the highest possible performance from the available data, especially in support of pharmaceutical applications. This tutorial will describe pitfalls and best practices for developing and validating predictive models with a specific application to a monitoring a pharmaceutical manufacturing process. The pitfalls and best practices will be highlighted to call attention to specific points that are not generally discussed in other resources.
A novel method for weighting decision makers for failure mode and effect analysis under intuitionistic fuzzy environment
Authors: Akkus Dilara , Testik Ozlem Muge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study introduces an innovative method to implement Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) in an Intuitionistic Fuzzy (IF) environment and targets inherent limitations of traditional FMEA, particularly its reliance on precise numerical values that can lead to human subjectivity and compromise accuracy of analysis. The primary aim is to increase the objectivity in evaluating Failure Modes (FMs) in industrial settings, thus enhancing safety and quality assessments. The novel approach integrates the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method within an IF framework. An implementation at a defense industry company is performed for evaluation of the FMs by four Decision Makers (DMs), each possessing different levels of experience and system knowledge. A key innovation of this study is the unique weighting methodology applied to DMs, based on predefined rules, which acknowledges and quantifies their varied expertise and insights. Our methodology significantly contributes to the study's practicality and significance in ranking FMs, emphasizing its effectiveness, robustness, and accuracy. The findings reveal that this method greatly reduces the subjectivity found in traditional FMEA, also providing a more detailed and reliable assessment. This is achieved by adapting the analysis to the specific knowledge levels of the DMs, leading to more dependable and objective quality evaluations in industrial processes. The application of this method in the real‐world setting demonstrates its practical relevance and potential for wider adoption.
Synthesis of bis‐Naphthol based Organoselenium Antioxidants as Efficient Inhibitors against Biofilms
Authors: Chhillar Babli , Sharma Akanksha , Rani Shital , Singh Gurpal , Pratap Barnwal Ravi , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present study, synthesis of bis‐naphthol based organoselenium compounds has been described. The synthetic strategy involves electrophilic aromatic addition of alkyl/aryl selenium species at the electron rich center of 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene. The reaction with electrophilic selenylating reagents in situ generated by potassium persulphate and diselenides produced desired selenides. Synthesized compounds were studied for their glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like antioxidant activities using thiophenol assay. It was observed that all compounds exhibited greater GPx‐like antioxidant activity than diphenyl diselenide used as reference. Further, these GPx mimics were introduced for their antibacterial properties against biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To support experimental details, molecular docking studies were also performed to elucidate in silico interactions between the active sites of proteins TsaA and LasR found in Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay was performed for all the antioxidants against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, hemolytic assay has also been carried out to check the impact on red blood cells. Cytotoxicity assessments of antioxidants have also been carried using MTT assay.
Effect of Water in the Trimer‐Cyclisation of Alkynyl Ketone
Authors: Ishimaru Hina , Suzuki Ayano , Isomura Shigeki , Okuno Yoshinori , Sato Yasuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA trimer‐cyclisation reaction of propiolate esters yielded 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate tri‐esters in water. The reaction proceeded selectively in the presence of secondary or tertiary amine salts in pure water solvent. Other organic solvents, such as dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran, and ethanol, afforded a 1 : 1 adduct of propiolate and amine. The hydrogen bonding characteristics of water stabilised the proposed intermediate in a conformation that promoted the final cyclisation. The synthesis can be successfully conducted in water–a universal and an eco‐friendly solvent.
Multifunctionally Reusing Waste Solder to Prepare Highly Efficient Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Chang , Duan Chenghao , Zou Feilin , Li Jiong , Yan Keyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe preparation of perovskite components (PbI2 and SnI2) using waste materials is of great significance for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, this goal is difficult to achieve due to the purity of the recovered products and the easy oxidation of Sn2+. Here, a simple one‐step synthetic process to convert waste Sn–Pb solder into SnI2/PbI2 and then applied as‐prepared SnI2/PbI2 to PSCs for high additional value is adopted. During fabrication, Sn–Pb waste solder is also employed to serve as a reducing agent to reduce the Sn4+ in Sn–Pb mixed narrow perovskite precursor and hence remove the deep trap states in perovskite. The target PSCs achieved an efficiency of 21.04%, which is better than the efficiency of the device with commercial SnI2/PbI2 (20.10%). Meanwhile, the target PSC maintained an initial efficiency of 80% even after 800 h under continuous illumination, which is significantly better than commercial devices. In addition, the method achieved a recovery rate of 90.12% for Sn–Pb waste solder, with a lab‐grade purity (over 99.8%) for SnI2/PbI2, and the cost of perovskite active layer reduced to 39.81% through this recycling strategy through calculation.
High Tribocatalytic Performance of FeOOH Nanorods for Degrading Organic Dyes and Antibiotics
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Sui Xiaohui , Yu Haimiao , Zheng Ying , Zhu Xiaoting , Wu Xinyan , Li Yanqiang , Lin Qing , Zhang Yongcheng , Ye Wanneng , Liang Yanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTribocatalysis is vitally important for electrochemistry, energy conservation, and water treatment. Exploring eco‐friendly and low‐cost tribocatalysts with high performance is crucial for practical applications. Here, the highly efficient tribocatalytic performance of FeOOH nanorods is reported. The factors related to the tribocatalytic activity such as nanorod diameter, surface area, and surface roughness are investigated, and the diameter of the FeOOH nanorods is found to have a significant effect on their tribocatalytic performance. As a result, under ultrasonic excitation, the optimized FeOOH nanorods exhibit superior tribocatalytic degradation toward rhodamine B (RhB), acid orange 7, methylene blue, methyl orange dyes, and their mixture. The RhB and mixed dyes are effectively degraded within 20 min (k = 0.179 min−1) and 35 min (k = 0.089 min−1), respectively, with the FeOOH nanorods showing excellent reusability. Moreover, antibiotics, such as tetracycline hydrochloride, phenol, and bisphenol A are efficiently degraded. Investigation of the catalytic mechanism reveals that the friction‐generated h+ as well as these yielded •OH and •O2− active radicals participate in the catalytic reaction. This work not only shed light on the design of high‐performance tribocatalyst but also demonstrates that by harvesting mechanical energy, the FeOOH nanorods are promising materials for removing organic contaminants in wastewater.
Analysis of placental surface cysts using ultrasonography: Histological and clinical correlation
Authors: Li Gang , Fu Jiajun , Zhang Dandan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography, along with the clinical and histopathologic characteristics, and prognosis specifically related to placental surface cysts.MethodWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with placental surface cysts at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, between July 2010 and November 2022. Data were collected from a computer database of ultrasound images, and electronic medical records were reviewed. Placental cysts not located on the placental surface and cases where delivery occurred at outside institutions were excluded from the analysis.ResultsWe gathered data from 22 pregnant women who presented with placental surface cystic masses. These women had a mean age of 28.14 ± 3.04 years and the cysts were identified by ultrasound at a mean gestational age of 29 ± 5 weeks. The cysts were found to have varying sizes (ranging from 8 to 88 mm, with an average size of 47 ± 24 mm). Thirteen patients (59.09%) had cysts located near the placental cord insertion site (PCIS). All neonates, except for one case of induced labor, had favorable prognoses. The majority of the cysts were identified as amniotic cysts. Pathological diagnosis revealed degenerative changes in the placenta, with the cysts attributed to subchorionic fibrin formation by the central cyst.ConclusionPlacental surface cysts typically do not present with specific clinical symptoms and are diagnosed through ultrasound. It is important to note that this study specifically focused on placental surface cysts, excluding those not located on the placental surface. Regular ultrasound follow‐up is recommended, and the prognosis for placental surface cysts is excellent.
An unanticipated case of B‐cell lymphoma, presenting as skin bruises, detected incidentally during initial sonography
Authors: Babington Emmanuel A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionLymphomas are cancers of lymphatic origins, commonly presenting as a painless swelling of the lymph gland (adenopathy). Lymphomas are broadly categorised into Hodgkin and Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. This report aims to present an unexpected case of B‐cell lymphoma that presented as skin bruises, incidentally detected on ultrasound as a nonspecific retroperitoneal mass.Case PresentationA 75‐year‐old female presented with a vaccine‐induced flare of her known Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). An initial ultrasound scan requested to examine her spleen revealed a right retroperitoneal abnormality affecting the adjacent right kidney and IVC. A subsequent triple‐phase contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large infiltrative mass involving the right kidney extending across the midline to the right of the patient's abdominal aorta. Lymphoma was suspected. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the CT‐guided biopsy samples revealed the presence of CD5‐negative low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma.DiscussionThis report presents a unique case of B‐cell lymphoma that manifested as skin bruises.Although ultrasound is not the gold standard imaging modality to test for lymphoma in the abdomen, it is imperative that ultrasound practitioners continue to complete a thorough abdominal ultrasound, even when specific organ requests are made, as in this case report. Ultrasound has a role in the detection of clinically asymptomatic incidental abdominal masses.ConclusionIt is important that a targeted ultrasound examination is avoided for patients with no recent imaging history within the department. This case highlights the importance of thorough ultrasound scanning to avoid missing incidental abnormalities as opposed to an organ‐specific targeted scanning.
Microbial mediated carbon and nitrogen cycling in the spatially heterogeneous vadose zone: A modeling study
Authors: Khurana Swamini , Heße Falk , Hildebrandt Anke , Thullner Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpatially distributed properties of the subsurface result in varying water saturation and preferential flow paths, which lead to heterogeneous solute transport patterns and heterogeneous microbial environments. This, in turn, influences the distribution of nutrients and energy gradients, microbial biomass, and activity thereof. By their very nature, current field sampling techniques do not resolve subsampling scale heterogeneities in microbial biomass and activity, resulting in inaccurate estimates of microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in the heterogeneous subsurface. Thus, in this study, we undertook a numerical modeling approach to study the impact of spatial heterogeneity on microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in the vadose zone. We adapted an established biogeochemical process network that captures a variety of respiration pathways, carbon decomposition strategies, and microbial life processes to simulate microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in variably saturated spatially heterogeneous settings, using an established numerical tool (OGS#BRNS). The fractionation of microbial communities into active and inactive states, as well as immobile and mobile states followed could be linked to the bulk average saturation. Lastly, we identified three reactive systems, distinguished by the rate ratio of aerobic respiration and transfer of oxygen from the air to the water phase, to evaluate the impact of spatial heterogeneity on carbon and nitrogen removal in subsurface heterogeneous domains. Specifically, when this ratio is approximately 1, there is no impact on carbon removal, while when this ratio is very high, then carbon removal decreases as the domain tends to be oxygen limited.
Closer look at the matching condition for radiative QCD θ parameter
Authors: Banno Tatsuya , Hisano Junji , Kitahara Teppei , Osamura Naohiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we scrutinize a radiatively generated QCD θ parameter at the two-loop level based on both full analytical loop functions with the Fock-Schwinger gauge method and the effective field theory approach, using simplified models. We observe that the radiatively generated θ parameters at the low energy scale precisely match between them. It provides validity to perturbative loop calculations of the QCD θ parameter with the Fock-Schwinger gauge method. Furthermore, it is also shown that the ordinary Fujikawa method for the radiative θ parameter by using $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

= −arg det $$ {\mathcal{M}}_q^{\textrm{loop}} $$

M
q
loop

does not cover all contributions in the simplified models. But, we also find that when there is a scale hierarchy in CP-violating sector, evaluation of the Fujikawa method is numerically sufficient. As an application, we calculate the radiative θ parameter at the two-loop level in a slightly extended Nelson-Barr model, where the spontaneous CP violation occurs to solve the strong CP problem. It is found a part of the radiative θ parameters cannot be described by the Fujikawa method.
Cost–benefit ratio of modern medical education using micro-costing: a model calculation using the example of an innovative breast brachytherapy workshop
Authors: Knippen Stefan , Duma Marciana-Nona , Schwedas Michael , Schrott Steffen , Drozdz Sonja , Mäurer Irina , Hildebrandt Guido , Mäurer Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
Radiation oncology is an essential component of therapeutic oncology and necessitates well-trained personnel. Multicatheter brachytherapy (MCBT) is one radiotherapeutic option for early-stage breast cancer treatment. However, specialized hands-on training for MCBT is not currently included in the curriculum for residents. A recently developed hands-on brachytherapy workshop has demonstrated promising results in enhancing knowledge and practical skills. Nevertheless, these simulation-based teaching formats necessitate more time and financial resources. Our analyses include computational models for the implementation and delivery of this workshop and can serve as a basis for similar educational initiatives.

Methods
This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of a previously developed and evaluated breast brachytherapy simulation workshop. Using a micro-costing approach, we estimated costs at a detailed level by considering supplies, soft- and hardware, and personnel time for each task. This method also allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the costs associated with implementing new medical techniques. The workshop costs were divided into two categories: development and workshop execution. The cost analysis was conducted on a per-participant basis, and the impact on knowledge improvement was measured using a questionnaire.

Results
The total workshop costs were determined by considering the initial workshop setup expenses including the development and conceptualization of the course with all involved collaborators, as well as the costs incurred for each individual course. The workshop was found to be financially efficient, with a per-participant cost of € 39, considering the industrial sponsorship provided for brachytherapy equipment. In addition, we assessed the workshop’s efficacy by analyzing participant feedback using Likert scale evaluations. The findings indicated a notable enhancement in both theoretical and practical skills among the participants. Moreover, the cost-to-benefit ratio (CBFR) analysis demonstrated a CBFR of € 13.53 for each Likert point increment.

Conclusion
The hands-on brachytherapy workshop proved to be a valuable and approximately cost-effective educational program, leading to a significant enhancement in the knowledge and skills of the participants. Without the support of industrial sponsorship, the costs would have been unattainable.