bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of mosquito host-biting networks of potential Rift Valley fever virus vectors in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Makhanthisa Takalani I. , Guarido Milehna M. , Kemp Alan , Weyer Jacqueline , Rostal Melinda K. , Karesh William B. , Thompson Peter N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus with serious implications for livestock health, human health, and the economy in Africa, and is suspected to be endemic in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The vectors of RVFV in this area are poorly known although several species such as Aedes mcintoshi, Ae. circumluteolus, Ae. durbanensis and Culex poicilipes may be involved. The aim of the study was to determine the blood hosts of potential RVFV mosquito vectors in north-eastern KZN and to characterize the host-biting network.
Methods
Blood-fed mosquitoes were collected monthly (January 2022 – February 2023) using a backpack aspirator in the vicinity of water bodies and livestock farming households. Additional blood-fed mosquitoes were trapped monthly (November 2019-November 2022) using CO2-baited CDC miniature light traps and tent traps. Blood-fed mosquitoes were morphologically identified. DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes and used as templates to amplify the vertebrate cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes using conventional PCR. Amplicons were sequenced and queried in GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data systems to identify the blood meal sources and confirm mosquito identifications. All mosquitoes were screened for RVFV using real time RT-PCR.
Results
We identified the mammalian (88.8%) and avian (11.3%) blood hosts from 409 blood-fed mosquitoes. Aedes circumluteolus (n = 128) made up the largest proportion of collected mosquitoes. Cattle (n = 195) and nyala (n = 61) were the most frequent domestic and wild hosts, respectively. Bipartite network analysis showed that the rural network consisted of more host-biting interactions than the reserve network.
Conclusion
Several mosquito species including Ae. circumluteolus, and vertebrate blood host species including cattle and nyala could play a central role in RVFV transmission. Future research in this region should focus on these species to better understand RVFV amplification.
Improving onchocerciasis elimination surveillance: trials of odour baited Esperanza Window Traps to collect black fly vectors and real-time qPCR detection of Onchocerca volvulus in black fly pools
Authors: Adeleke M. A , Opara K.N , Mafuyai H.B , Nwoke B.E.B , Surakat O. A , Akinde S. B , Nwoke M , Chikieze F , Yaro C , Mmaduabuchi U. G , Igbe M , Makata E , Oyediran F , Anyaike C . , Tongjura J.D , Hawkes F. M , Iwalewa Z. O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Entomological data for onchocerciasis surveillance relies on sampling blackflies through human landing collectors in the field and laboratory testing of the flies for infection using pool screening O-150 PCR-ELISA assay. Both techniques require improvements. This study sought to take promising Esperanza Window Traps (EWT) for blackfly collections and test and optimize them to find alternative carbon dioxide (CO2) mimics, and to test new qPCR methods using mitochondrial DNA targets that have been suggested to improve sensitivity and specificity for Onchocerca volvulus infection in flies.
Methods Traps baited with low, medium and high release rates of either 2-butanone or cyclopentanone as CO2 mimics were field tested against traps baited with organically generated CO2 in Guinea savannah, derived savannah, rainforest and montane forest ecological zones in Nigeria. The performance of EWTs baited with CO2 or in combination with 2-butanone (low release) were subsequently evaluated against the human landing collection (HLC). Trap scaling was also pilot tested by comparing double traps to single HLCs. Collected blackflies were used to test detection of O. volvulus in blackflies using Ov ND5 real time PCR (qPCR) in comparison to the conventional pool screening O-150 PCR.
Results EWTs baited with 2-butanone caught similar numbers of blackflies to those baited with CO2, while cyclopentanone collected significantly fewer flies in all locations. The low release of 2-butanone was the most effective overall, although HLCs collected higher numbers of blackflies than EWT baited with CO2 either singly or in combination with low release 2-butanone. The combination of two EWTs baited with CO2 and deployed 100 m apart to each other collected similar numbers of flies as one HLC. More blackfly pools were positive for O. volvulus by Ov ND5 qPCR as compared with O-150 PCR in derived savannah (31.15% vs 15.57%), montane forest (11.54% vs 0%) and rainforest (23.08% vs 2.56%), with only one positive pool in Guinea savannah detected by both methods.
Conclusion 2-butanone has potential to be used in xenomonitoring as a standardized replacement to organically generated CO2. The positive pools found in foci hitherto considered to have interrupted/eliminated onchocerciasis highlights the need for more sensitive and specific methods that support programmatic assessments that can identify and combat recrudescence.
Long read sequencing enhances pathogenic and novel variation discovery in patients with rare diseases
Authors: Tayoun Ahmad Abou , Sinha Shruti , Rabea Fatma , Ramaswamy Sathishkumar , Chekroun Ikram , Naofal Maha El , Jain Ruchi , Alfalasi Roudha , Halabi Nour , Yaslam Sawsan , Hassani Massomeh Sheikh , Shenbagam Shruti , Taylor Alan , Uddin Mohammed , Marri Mohamed Al , Du Plessis Stefan , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With ongoing improvements in accuracy and capacity to detect complex genomic and epigenomic variations, long-read sequencing (LRS) technologies could serve as a unified platform for clinical genetic testing, particularly in rare disease settings, where nearly half of patients remain undiagnosed using existing technologies. Here, we report a simplified funnel-down filtration strategy aimed at identifying large deleterious variants and abnormal episignature disease profiles from whole-genome LRS data. This approach substantially reduced structural and copy number variants by 98.5–99.9%, respectively, while detecting all pathogenic changes in a positive control set (N = 10). When applied to patients who previously had negative short-read testing (N = 39), additional diagnoses were uncovered in 13% of cases, including a novel methylation profile specific to spinal muscular atrophy, thus opening new avenues for diagnosing and treating this life-threatening condition. Our study illustrates the utility of LRS in clinical genetic testing and in the discovery of novel disease variations.
Checking the quality of drinking water in UC Ratokot, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Aghani Faraz Ali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Drinking water is very important for life. But in the whole world drinking water is not good now for drinking purpose. That’s why this research was done to anlyse the suitability of UC Rasheed Wagan in Larkana. For this purpose 20 samples were taken from different locations and testing was done at the laboratory in technical college Larkana. The water quality parameters such as Ca, Mg, TH, TDS, EC, NO2, NO3, pH, Color and odor was tested for each samples. All standard methods were followed for assessment of water quality. The results revealed that concentration of various physicochemical in Groundwater of UC Rasheed wagan was beyond allowable limit. Only pH was within the limits. Overall, 65% of samples exhibited concentration of Chloride beyond the WHO limit. TH, TDS, EC, Ca, Mg, NO2, NO3, and Zn exceeded in 67%, 88%, 88%, 56%, 29%, 25%, and 18% of groundwater samples. Taste was alos bitter in more 67% of water samples. Overall, the water in UC Rasheed wagan is contaminated to be drunk
Editorial
Authors: López Rivera Edwin 
Published: April 2024

Es un gusto presentar el volumen 11, número 1 de la revista tiempo&economía. En esta nueva entrega continuamos con nuestro compromiso de difundir trabajos teóricos e investigaciones empíricas en áreas fundamentales como la historia económica, empresarial y las ideas administrativas, económicas y contables, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. En esta edición contamos con una selección de artículos de gran relevancia para el análisis del desarrollo económico latinoamericano de largo plazo, así como el pensamiento económico. Desde un análisis detallado de las exportaciones colombianas a lo largo de los siglos, hasta una exploración de la teoría económica de Joseph Schumpeter, pasando por estudios sobre la gobernanza corporativa en la actividad ganadera en México y la capacidad exportadora de la industria argentina en el siglo xxi, ofrecemos una perspectiva amplia y diversa sobre temas de vital importancia para la comunidad académica y profesional. Además, en nuestra sección de reseñas encontrarán análisis críticos sobre obras recientes que contribuyen al conocimiento en nuestras áreas de interés, ampliando la literatura académica reciente sobre el rol de Hispanoamérica en las redes de comercio global entre los siglos xvii y xix, así como sobre el desarrollo rural en una región del Caribe colombiano.
Es un gusto presentar el volumen 11, número 1 de la revista tiempo&economía. En esta nueva entrega continuamos con nuestro compromiso de difundir trabajos teóricos e investigaciones empíricas en áreas fundamentales como la historia económica, empresarial y las ideas administrativas, económicas y contables, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. En esta edición contamos con una selección de artículos de gran relevancia para el análisis del desarrollo económico latinoamericano de largo plazo, así como el pensamiento económico. Desde un análisis detallado de las exportaciones colombianas a lo largo de los siglos, hasta una exploración de la teoría económica de Joseph Schumpeter, pasando por estudios sobre la gobernanza corporativa en la actividad ganadera en México y la capacidad exportadora de la industria argentina en el siglo xxi, ofrecemos una perspectiva amplia y diversa sobre temas de vital importancia para la comunidad académica y profesional. Además, en nuestra sección de reseñas encontrarán análisis críticos sobre obras recientes que contribuyen al conocimiento en nuestras áreas de interés, ampliando la literatura académica reciente sobre el rol de Hispanoamérica en las redes de comercio global entre los siglos xvii y xix, así como sobre el desarrollo rural en una región del Caribe colombiano.
Possible causes of morbidity and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in vaccinated elderly patients
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Zhang C. , Khrapunova I. A. , Raicic S. R. , Pechenik A. S. , Utkin V. A. , Loktionova M. N. , Linok A. V. , Simonova E. G. , Brazhnik V. A. 
Published: April 2024

A prospective randomized observational study was conducted in cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients hospitalized in one of the Moscow hospitals and diagnozed with COVID-19 in the period from 06.23.2021 to 01.05.2022.The purpose of the study was to identify the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in vaccinated people and to present scientifically based data on the need for vaccination and its importance in stopping the epidemic process.Materials and Methods. The samples were studied in comparison for a number of indicators: age, clinical condition at admission, the presence and number of concomitant systemic chronic diseases as well as disease outcomes.Results. It was proven that the risk of COVID-19 morbidity in vaccinated people decreased by 1.5 times, mortality by 1.5 times, and hospitalization due to the severity of the condition by 3.1 times. The mortality risk among vaccinated patients shifted to older age (76.9 years), while among unvaccinated patients, the mortality risk was higher for older people (73.7 years), which indicates an increase in life expectancy of vaccinated people.
Results of a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Bogomolova I. K. , Babkin A. A. , Peregoedova V. N. 
Published: April 2024

The inhabitants of the planet in the XXI century are experiencing a second pandemic. The new coronavirus SARSCoV-2 is distinguished not only by its ubiquitous spread, but also by the possibility of developing adverse outcomes, which does not cause anyone doubts today.Aim. To present the dynamic characteristics of children’s health depending on the form of severity of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).Material and methods. A prospective single-center clinical study of the complex state of health of children hospitalized in a monoinfective hospital on the basis of the GUZ “City Clinical Hospital” was conducted. The observation included 86 convalescents of a new coronavirus infection aged 7 to 14 years. Dynamic monitoring was carried out for children for 1.5 years from the moment of infection with SARSCoV-2, control visits were performed 1, 6 and 18 months after the disease.Results and discussion. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children after COVID-19, an increase in the number of registrations of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections in convalescents of a moderate form of a new coronavirus infection was found. In 35 (41%) children after infection with SARSCoV-2, concomitant diseases were recorded, in contrast to 23 (26.7%) cases recorded before the pandemic. The structure of concomitant pathology in COVID-19 convalescents is represented by endocrine pathology in 30.2% of cases, in patients after moderate forms of the disease, the frequency of eating disorders (19.8%) increased by 2 times relative to the period before COVID-19, type 1 diabetes mellitus was first detected in 1 (1.2%) child. Diseases of the nervous system (20.9%) were 1.9 times more likely to be diagnosed after COVID-19. Diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus were registered in 16.3% of children, more often after a moderate form of the disease. The number of cases of gastrointestinal pathology has not changed. Diseases of the respiratory system were recorded in 4.7% of patients, skin and subcutaneous tissue – 3.5% of the examined.Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the health status of children after COVID-19 for 1.5 years allows us to establish a decrease in the response of the child’s macroorganism to acute respiratory infections, an increase in the number of registered comorbidities, the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and its consequences for children.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of interferon alpha-2b ointment and gel for prevention of acute respiratory infections in organized groups
Authors: Kozlov K. V. , Zhdanov K. V. , Maltsev O. V. , Kasyanenko K. , Sigidaev A. S. , Lyashenko Yu. I. , Kozlov S. S. , Sidorchuk S. N. , Saulevich A. V. , Sukachev V. S. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance: the annual incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) is in the lead in the structure of infectious pathology in the Russian Federation. One of the main issues is the development of optimal strategies for prevention of these diseases in high-risk groups.Aim: to evaluate the preventive and clinical efficacy as well as safety of various dosage forms of interferon alpha-2b in relation to ARI in young adults from organized groups.Materials and methods: our study included 300 volunteers aged 18 to 20 years, 100 of them were prescribed interferon alpha-2b in the form of a gel in addition to non-specific methods for the prevention of ARVI, 100 participants received interferon alpha-2b in the form of an ointment, 100 participants did not receive antiviral drugs.Results: the use of interferon alpha-2b ointment for prevention of ARI in organized groups significantly reduced the number of people who had ARVI and cases of ARI during the observation period. Among those who used interferon alpha2b no pneumonias occurred, the duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly reduced compared to the group of volunteers who used only non-specific prophylaxis methods. Participants who received interferon alpha-2b ointment had ARVI mainly in a mild form. No adverse events that could be associated with the use of the study drug were recorded during the observation period.Conclusion: the use of interferon alpha-2b in the form of ointment showed preventive and clinical efficacy against ARI in young adults from organized groups.
MicroRNA-122: assessment of diagnostic significance in HDV infection
Authors: Khodjaeva M. E. , Khikmatullaeva A. S. , Ibadullaeva N. S. , Abdukadirova M. A. , Novak K. E. , Esaulenko E. V. 
Published: April 2024

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of the relationship between the level of microRNA-122 expression and liver fibrosis during HDV infection.Materials and methods. The expression of microRNA-122 was determined in 203 blood samples. Blood sampling was done from 53 patients with chronic viral hepatitis D, 49 patients with liver cirrhosis of HDV etiology, and 69 patients with newly diagnosed HBs antigenemia. The control group consisted of practically healthy individuals (n=32).Results. In patients with negative RNA HDV levels, the level of microRNA-122 in the blood serum was significantly higher than in samples with positive RNA HDV levels (14.0±2.8 2^-ΔΔCt and 1.6±0.17 2^-ΔΔCt) (p ˂ 0.005). Meanwhile, in healthy individuals, the expression of microRNA-122 was statistically significantly lower – 1.3±0.03 2^-ΔΔCt (p ˂ 0.005). Undetectable levels of HDV RNA in the serum were accompanied by a high HBV viral load and a significantly higher level of microRNA-122, which was 8.7 times higher than in the group of HDV RNA-positive patients (p<0.005). In patients with liver fibrosis F1, the expression of microRNA-122 was higher than in patients with liver fibrosis F2, F3, F4 (p = 0.0001). The lowest levels of microRNA-122 were observed in liver fibrosis F4. Conclusion. The expression level of microRNA-122 in blood serum during HDV infection decreases as liver fibrosis progresses. The development of cirrhosis is accompanied by a 3.7-fold drop in the level of microRNA-122 compared to the group of patients with chronic hepatitis D. MicroRNA-122 can be used in laboratory monitoring of patients with various stages of HDV infection as an indicator of the activity of the process, assessing the severity of liver damage and the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.> ˂ 0.005). In patients with liver fibrosis F1, the expression of microRNA-122 was higher than in patients with liver fibrosis F2, F3, F4 (p = 0.0001). The lowest levels of microRNA-122 were observed in liver fibrosis F4.Conclusion. The expression level of microRNA-122 in blood serum during HDV infection decreases as liver fibrosis progresses. The development of cirrhosis is accompanied by a 3.7-fold drop in the level of microRNA-122 compared to the group of patients with chronic hepatitis D. MicroRNA-122 can be used in laboratory monitoring of patients with various stages of HDV infection as an indicator of the activity of the process, assessing the severity of liver damage and the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.
Optimization of three-dimensional printing parameters for orthodontic applications
Authors: Atam Saro , Pereira Cybelle L. , Shah Hammaad R. , Hou Wei , Rody Wellington J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine the impact of build orientation, increased layer thickness, and dental crowding on the trueness of three-dimensional (3D)–printed models, and to evaluate how these parameters affect the fit of thermoformed appliances.

Materials and Methods
Ninety-six dental models were printed horizontally and vertically on the building platform using different 3D-printing technologies: (1) a stereolithography (SLA) printer with layer thicknesses of 160 μm and 300 μm and (2) a digital light processing (DLP) printer with layer thicknesses of 100 μm and 200 μm. Each printed model was digitalized and superimposed on the corresponding source file using 3D rendering software, and deviations were quantified by the root mean square values. Subsequently, a total of 32 thermoformed appliances were fabricated on top of the most accurate 3D-printed models, and their fit was evaluated by digital superimposition and inspection by three blinded orthodontists. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results
Significant differences (P &lt; .05) between printing technologies used were identified for models printed horizontally, with the SLA system achieving better trueness, especially in crowded dentitions. No significant differences between technology were found when models were printed vertically. The highest values of deviation were recorded in appliances fabricated on top of DLP-printed models. The results of the qualitative evaluation indicated that appliances fabricated on top of SLA models outperformed the DLP-modeled appliances.

Conclusions
Three-dimensional printing with increased layer height seems to produce accurate working models for orthodontic applications.
Česť ako morálna a právna kategória – rímskoprávne východiská a slovenské reálie
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave, Ivančík Ján 
Published: April 2024

Ancient Roman law operated with the category of honour not only at the moral level, but also at the legal level. The loss of honour was perceived not only as a de facto contempt for society, but at the same time also caused a limitation of the capacity for legal acts. The connection between law and morality showed itself both on a practical level and at the same time enabled the enforcement of old social norms. In modern times, honour still finds its numerous contents in legal regulations, but it is no longer a separate legal institute. Are there overlaps within which the antique legal order can be a model for contemporary regulation?
Bezdůvodně urážlivý projev dotýkající se náboženského cítění věřících a zvolený způsob komunikace
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci, Jurečková Lucie 
Published: April 2024

In the context of the Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria case, the paper describes the importance of the chosen method of communication with the addressees of the speech when assessing statements hurting the religious feelings of believers. In particular, it points to the need to prioritize the protection of the religious feelings of believers over the protection of freedom of expression only if there are sufficient and relevant reasons for this. The mere use of language that can be perceived as a malicious violation of the spirit of tolerance is not a criterion capable of leading to a restriction of the freedom guaranteed by Article 10 of the ECHR. Otherwise, there could be serious interference with freedom of expression with negative consequences for democracy.