bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of anti-diabetic activity and metabolite profiling of Bruguiera cylindrica (l.) Bl.—in vivo anti-diabetic activity, exploration of molecular mechanism, and network pharmacological analysis
Authors: Gayen Srijon , Jana Sandipan , Das Gupta Barun , Ghosh Avijit , Kar Amit , Bala Asis , Mukherjee Pulok Kumar , Haldar Pallab Kanti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Bruguiera cylindrica L. is a mangrove plant that is typically found in coastal areas of Asia, including India. It has been known for its medicinal properties, which have been utilized for generations. For example, in Thailand, it has been used to treat wounds and diarrhoea, while in India, it has been effective in addressing diabetes, ulcers, and other health issues. This particular study sought to investigate the potential of B. cylindrica bark extract in reducing the symptoms of diabetes in rats.

Methods
In this study, we examined the potential of B. cylindrica bark extract as an inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in vitro. We also evaluated the effects of the extract and Metformin on rats fed high-fat diets and measured their lipid profiles and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, we conducted a network pharmacology analysis to identify proteins and pathways involved in the amelioration of diabetes.

Results
Through metabolite profiling, we identified 58 compounds in B. cylindrica hydroalcoholic extract. These compounds include alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and fatty acids. The extract was found to have a dose-dependent inhibition activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values similar to acarbose. In rats, oral administration of 200–400 mg/kg of B. cylindrica led to reduced blood glucose levels and normalized serum biochemical parameters.

Conclusions
Bruguiera cylindrica bark may reduce blood sugar levels in rats with diabetes. The study found metabolites that interact with protein targets associated with different types of diabetes.
Joint analysis of multivariate longitudinal, imaging, and time-to-event data
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxiao , Song Xinyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease frequently associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline. Despite its irreversible once onset, some discoveries revealed the existence of a certain percentage of people who are non-susceptible to AD. This study proposes a joint analysis of multivariate longitudinal data, survival data with a non-susceptible fraction, and ultrahigh-dimensional imaging data. The proposed model comprises three major components. The first component is a mixture proportional hazards cure model with images to examine the potential predictors of the non-susceptible probability and hazards of interest. The second component is a dynamic factor analysis model with images to characterize group-specific latent factors through multiple observed variables. The last component is a semiparametric trajectory model to reveal the change patterns of the dynamic latent factors in the ‘non-susceptible’ and ‘susceptible’ groups. A two-stage approach is developed for statistical inference. The first stage manages the imaging data through high-dimensional functional principal component analysis. The second stage develops a Bayesian approach coupled with penalized splines, data augmentation, and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to perform estimation. The application to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset sheds new insight into the pathology of AD.
A rare case of a cholecysto-duodenocolonic fistula secondary to cholelithiasis
Authors: Sidhu Tejminder S , Jhamb Shaurya , Ben David Matan M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Internal biliary fistula is a rare but well-known complication of cholelithiasis. It is a notoriously challenging entity to diagnose and manage. Gallstones are often the causative factor in the formation of a cholecystoenteric fistula, with the most common internal biliary fistula being a cholecystoduodenal fistula followed by a cholecystocolonic fistula. Rarely, do these fistulae exist simultaneously. Here, we present an uncommon case of cholecysto-duodenocolonic fistula.
‘English in taste, Indian in blood’: caste hegemony in the making of British international legal thought
Authors: Memon Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, I argue that caste was a central factor in the development of British international legal thought in the subcontinent. Specifically, I contend that British international legal thought entrenched caste hegemony into the broader racial civilisation hierarchy of international law in the nineteenth century.
Predicting the XRISM dark matter decay signal in the Milky Way halo
Authors: Lovell M R 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Dark matter may be detected in X-ray decay, including from the decay of the dark matter particles that make up the Milky Way (MW) halo. We use a range of density profiles to compute X-ray line intensity profiles, with a focus on the resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter candidate. Compared to the Navarro–Frenk–White density profile, we show that using an adiabatically contracted halo profile suppresses the line intensity in the halo outskirts and enhances it in the Galactic Centre (GC), although this enhancement is eliminated by the likely presence of a core within 3 kpc. Comparing our results to MW halo observations, other X-ray observations, and structure formation constraints implies a sterile neutrino mixing angle parameter s11 ≡ sin 2(2θ) × 1011 ∼ [3, 4] (particle lifetime $\tau _{28}\equiv \tau /(10^{28}\rm {s})\sim [1.0,1.3]$), which is nevertheless is strong tension with some reported non-detections. We make predictions for the likely decay flux that the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) satellite would measure in the GC, plus the Virgo and Perseus clusters, and outline further steps to determine whether the dark matter is indeed resonantly produced sterile neutrinos as detected in X-ray decay.
Constraining a relativistic mean field model using neutron star mass–radius measurements I: nucleonic models
Authors: Huang Chun , Raaijmakers Geert , Watts Anna L , Tolos Laura , Providência Constança 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Measurements of neutron star mass and radius or tidal deformability deliver unique insight into the equation of state (EOS) of cold dense matter. EOS inference is very often done using generalized parametric or non-parametric models, which deliver no information on composition. In this paper, we consider a microscopic nuclear EOS model based on a field theoretical approach. We show that current measurements from NICER and gravitational wave observations constrain primarily the symmetric nuclear matter EOS. We then explore what could be delivered by measurements of mass and radius at the level anticipated for future large-area X-ray timing telescopes. These should be able to place very strong limits on the symmetric nuclear matter EOS, in addition to constraining the nuclear symmetry energy that determines the proton fraction inside the neutron star.
Geometry-driven and dark-matter-sustained Milky Way rotation curves with Gaia DR3
Authors: Beordo William , Crosta Mariateresa , Lattanzi Mario G , Re Fiorentin Paola , Spagna Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Thanks to Gaia DR2, we proved for the first time that a general relativistic Milky Way rotation curve is statistically indistinguishable from its state-of-the-art dark matter analogue. Those results supported the ansatz that gravitational dragging can explain the observed flatness of the Milky Way rotation curve with a consistent radial matter density profile. To challenge again such a scenario, we select 719 143 young disc stars within |z| &lt; 1 kpc and up to R ≃ 19 kpc from Gaia DR3 providing a much larger sample of high-quality astrometric and spectrophotometric data of unprecedented homogeneity. This sample comprises 241 918 OBA stars, 475 520 RGB giants, and 1705 Cepheides that we use to fit, as with DR2, both a classical velocity profile model, i.e. with a dark matter halo, and a general relativistic analogue derived from a dust disc-scale metric. Once more, further corroborating our earlier findings, both models are found to explain, with similar statistical quality, the new observed rotational velocities derived from different combinations of the selected sets of stars belonging to the disc of our Galaxy. The geometrical effect is found to drive the velocity profile from 10 kpc outwards, while being responsible for ∼30–37 per cent of this profile already at the Sun distance, similarly to the halo contribution in the classical model. This confirms our previous results on the contribution of Einstein’s geometry and pushes to further investigate the role of General Relativity in tracing the Milky Way rotation curve; notably, the origin of this gravitational dragging remains undetermined, necessitating a dedicated in-depth exploration.
Overabundance of orphan galaxies in the UniverseMachine empirical galaxy formation model
Authors: Kumar Amit , More Surhud , Sunayama Tomomi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Orphan galaxies that have lost a large fraction of the dark matter subhaloes have often been invoked in semi-analytical as well as empirical models of galaxy formation. However, observations have not yet constrained the distribution of orphan galaxies in such models so far. We run a mock cluster finder that mimics the optical cluster finding technique of the redMaPPer algorithm on a catalogue of galaxies with quenched star formation from one such empirical model, the UniverseMachine, and obtain the prevalence of orphan galaxies in these clusters as a function of their cluster-centric distance. We compare the fraction of orphan galaxies with the upper limits derived based on our prior observations of the weak lensing signals around satellite galaxies from SDSS redMaPPer clusters. Although the orphan fraction from the UniverseMachine is marginally consistent with the upper limits in the innermost regions of galaxy clusters spanning $[0.1, 0.3]\, {h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc}$, we observe that the orphan fractions substantially violate the upper limits in the outer regions of galaxy clusters beyond $0.3\,{h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc}$. We discuss the reasons, plausible improvements to the model, and how observations can be used to constrain such models further.
Effects of remimazolam tosilate on gastrointestinal hormones and gastrointestinal motility in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation: a randomized control trial
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Zhou Yinji , Wang Mingshan , Zhang Lina , Liu Bing , Sun Lixin , Shi Fei , Yuan Yang , Zhang Gaofeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the impacts of remimazolam tosilate on gastrointestinal hormones and motility in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation.

Methods
A total of 262 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I or II patients, aged 18–65 years, scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation, were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 131 each): the remimazolam tosilate group (Group R) and the propofol group (Group P). Patients in Group R received 0.2–0.25 mg/Kg remimazolam tosilate intravenously, while those in Group P received 1.5–2.0 mg/kg propofol intravenously. The gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed when the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores were ≤3. The primary endpoints included the endoscopic intestinal peristalsis rating by the endoscopist; serum motilin and gastrin levels at fasting without gastrointestinal preparation (T0), before gastrointestinal endoscopy (T1), and before leaving the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (T2); and the incidences of abdominal distension during Post Anesthesia Care Unit.

Results
Compared with Group P, intestinal peristalsis rating was higher in Group R (P &lt; .001); Group R showed increased motilin and gastrin levels at T2 compared with Group P (P &lt; .01). There was a rise in motilin and gastrin levels at T1 and T2 compared with T0 and at T2 compared with T1 in both groups (P &lt; .01). The incidence of abdominal distension was lower in Group R (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Compared with propofol used during gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation, remimazolam tosilate mildly inhibits the serum motilin and gastrin levels, potentially facilitating the recovery of gastrointestinal motility.
Identification and validation of new fatty acid metabolism–related mechanisms and biomarkers for erectile dysfunction
Authors: He Yanfeng , Liu Changyi , Zheng Zhongjie , Gao Rui , Lin Haocheng , Zhou Huiliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting middle-aged and elderly men.

Aim
The study sought to investigate differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism–related genes and the molecular mechanisms of ED.

Methods
The expression profiles of GSE2457 and GSE31247 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and merged. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ED and normal samples were obtained using the R package limma. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted using the R package clusterProfiler. Fatty acid metabolism–related DEGs (FAMDEGs) were further identified and analyzed. Machine learning algorithms, including Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), support vector machine, and random forest algorithms, were utilized to identify hub FAMDEGs with the ability to predict ED occurrence. Coexpression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis of hub FAMDEGs were performed.

Outcome
Fatty acid metabolism–related functions (such as fatty acid metabolism and degradation) may play a vital role in ED.

Results
In total, 5 hub FAMDEGs (Aldh2, Eci2, Acat1, Acadl, and Hadha) were identified and found to be differentially expressed between ED and normal samples. Gene set enrichment analysis identified key pathways associated with these genes. The area under the curve values of the 5 hub FAMDEGs for predicting ED occurrence were all &gt;0.8.

Clinical Translation
Our results suggest that these 5 key FAMDEGs may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of ED.

Strengths and Limitations
The strengths of our study include the use of multiple datasets and machine learning algorithms to identify key FAMDEGs. However, limitations include the lack of validation in animal models and human tissues, as well as research on the mechanisms of these FAMDEGs.

Conclusion
Five hub FAMDEGs were identified as potential biomarkers for ED progression. Our work may prove that fatty acid metabolism–related genes are worth further investigation in ED.
Impact of FDA’s HCT/P ZIKV Recommendations on Cord Blood Unit Eligibility and Utilization in a Large Public Cord Blood Bank
Authors: Guggenheim Dana S , Kurtzberg Joanne , Shaz Beth H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Cord blood units (CBUs) that are ineligible for licensure due to incomplete compliance with FDA recommendations may be used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation under urgent medical need and an Investigational Drug Application. The largest reason for CBU donor ineligibility is Zika virus (ZIKV) risk. The study’s objective was to analyze the impact of current FDA recommendations for ZIKA risk on a large public cord blood bank and propose updated recommendations.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of Carolinas Cord Blood Bank (CCBB), an FDA licensed public CBB, using data from January 1, 2016 to November 21, 2023 and compared FDA recommendations for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) for blood products and relevant communicable disease agents or diseases for human cell, tissue, or cellular or tissue-based products (HCT/Ps).

Results
CCBB: 9057 (84.3% licensed) CBUs were banked. 984/1682 (58.5%) of unlicensed CBUs had ZIKV risk. 22.0% of CBUs with ZIKV risk were from Hispanic parents, compared to 16.1% of all units. 31 of IND CBUs (11 due to ZIKV risk without reported ZIKV transmission) were safely infused. FDA Guidance: HCT/P ZIKV, HIV, and vCJD recommendations have not been updated since 2018 in contrast to FDA removal of ZIKV as a relevant TTI in 2021 and updating HIV and vCJD guidance related to TTI in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Discussion
The FDA should consider new data to revise the HCT/P donor eligibility recommendations, which will increase the number of eligible HCT/P donors, and potentially improve access to therapies for a more diverse patient population.
A role for TGFβ signaling in Gli1+ tendon and enthesis cells
Authors: Song Lee , Golman Mikhail , Abraham Adam C. , Zelzer Elazar , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of musculoskeletal tissues such as tendon, enthesis, and bone relies on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Gli1+ cells have been described as putative stem cells in several tissues and are presumed to play critical roles in tissue formation and maintenance. For example, the enthesis, a fibrocartilage tissue that connects tendon to bone, is mineralized postnatally by a pool of Gli1+ progenitor cells. These cells are regulated by hedgehog signaling, but it is unclear if TGFβ signaling, necessary for tenogenesis, also plays a role in their behavior. To examine the role of TGFβ signaling in Gli1+ cell function, the receptor for TGFβ, TbR2, was deleted in Gli1‐lineage cells in mice at P5. Decreased TGFβ signaling in these cells led to defects in tendon enthesis formation by P56, including defective bone morphometry underlying the enthesis and decreased mechanical properties. Immunohistochemical staining of these Gli1+ cells showed that loss of TGFβ signaling reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. In vitro experiments using Gli1+ cells isolated from mouse tail tendons demonstrated that TGFβ controls cell proliferation and differentiation through canonical and non‐canonical pathways and that TGFβ directly controls the tendon transcription factor scleraxis by binding to its distant enhancer. These results have implications in the development of treatments for tendon and enthesis pathologies.
EcologicalNetworksDynamics.jl A Julia package to simulate the temporal dynamics of complex ecological networks
Authors: Lajaaiti Ismaël , Bonnici Iago , Kéfi Sonia , Mayall Hana , Danet Alain , Beckerman Andrew P , Malpas Thomas , Delmas Eva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpecies interactions play a crucial role in shaping biodiversity, species coexistence, population dynamics, community stability and ecosystem functioning. Our understanding of the role of the diversity of species interactions driving these species, community and ecosystem features is limited because current approaches often focus only on trophic interactions. This is why a new modelling framework that includes a greater diversity of interactions between species is crucially needed.We developed a modular, user-friendly, and extensible Julia package that delivers the core functionality of the bio-energetic food web model. Moreover, it embeds several ecological interaction types alongside the capacity to manipulate external drivers of ecological dynamics like temperature. These new features represent important processes known to influence biodiversity, coexistence, functioning and stability in natural communities. Specifically, they include: a) an explicit multiple nutrient intake model for producers, b) competition among producers, c) temperature dependence implemented via the Boltzmann-Arhennius rule, and d) the ability to model several non-trophic interactions including competition for space, plant facilitation, predator interference and refuge provisioning.The inclusion of the various features provides users with the ability to ask questions about multiple simultaneous processes and stressor impacts, and thus develop theory relevant to real world scenarios facing complex ecological communities in the Anthropocene. It will allow researchers to quantify the relative importance of different mechanisms to stability and functioning of complex communities.The package was build for theoreticians seeking to explore the effects of different types of species interactions on the dynamics of complex ecological communities, but also for empiricists seeking to confront their empirical findings with theoretical expectations. The package provides a straightforward framework to model explicitly complex ecological communities or provide tools to generate those communities from few parameters.
Low-intensity vibration does not induce changes in microtubule dynamics in vitro
Authors: Crandall Chase A. , Nikitina Nina N. , Zavala Anamaria G. , Howard Sean M. , Uzer Gunes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are cytoskeletal filaments responsible for many vital cellular processes including intracellular organelle organization and enabling the movement of intracellular components. While MTs were shown to respond to low frequency and large mechanical signals like substrate strain, how MTs may respond to a high frequency mechanical signal like low-intensity vibrations (LIV) is unknown. Here we quantified the polymerization dynamics of MTs under an acute 1-day LIV protocol applied at 90 Hz and 0.7 xg, a signal we have shown to be effective for altering F-actin dynamics and nuclear stiffness. LIV treatments were compared against Taxol, a potent regulator of MT acetylation. Using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)in vitro, we quantified tubulin polymerization via centrifugal fractionation and western blots as well as alpha-tubulin acetylation via immunostaining. Finally, MT growth dynamics were quantified using machine learning-assisted analysis of live cell fluorescence microscopy of MT plus end binding protein EB1. Our results were not able to detect differences between LIV and control groups while Taxol treatment was effective in all measured outcomes. Our findings indicate that LIV applied at 90 Hz and 0.7 xg does not affect MT dynamics in MSCs, suggesting a higher mechanical threshold of MTs when compared to F-actin cytoskeleton.
A frosty genetic screen unmasks a major regulatory role for SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE of flowering in response to a cold snap
Authors: Edwards Ashleigh , Thordal-Christensen Hans , Wenkel Stephan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe control of flowering in plants is intricately governed by a combination of internal and environmental signals, with temperature playing a critical role. Thus,Arabidopsis thalianaplants display temperature-dependent variations in flowering time. As unexpected periods of cold temperatures can occur at any time, plants have evolved mechanisms to detect such cold snaps and to respond by delaying flowering. Plants are more tolerant to cold temperatures in the vegetative stage, while flowers are more sensitive and have reduced reproductive success due to damage to floral structures and gametes. At the molecular level, delayed flowering can be caused by repressing theFLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) gene, and several MADS box transcription factors have been shown to repressFTexpression in response to cold and in this way prevent flowering. Here, we employed a forward genetic screen aimed at understanding the effect of a cold snap on the transition to flowering. We germinated a population ofA. thalianaEMS M2 plants at 20°C and then gradually lowered the temperature to 10°C and selected early flowering mutants. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified seven mutant alleles of theSHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP) gene. This finding establishes a central role forSVPin repressing flowering in response to a cold snap and provides novel alleles, several of which affect splice junctions. Our research thus presents valuable insights into the nuanced molecular mechanisms governing temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis and sheds light on the dynamic interplay betweenSVPand environmental cues.