bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone lesions in primary amyloidosis
Authors: Khojasteh Ali , Arnold Lowry K. , Farhangi Mehdi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmyloidosis primarily involving bone is described in a 59‐year‐old male patient. Well circumscribed lytic lesions of the skeleton raised the possibility of myelomatosis. The prolonged insidious course of the disease was uncomplicated by hypercalcemia, pathological fracture, or hematologic abnormalities. The clinical course, together with histological findings and strongly positive bone scan, were the distinguishing features. The osseous manifestation without plasma cell tumor appears to be a rare occurrence in amyloidosis.
Host‐tumor interactions: Basis for the anemia in rats bearing the hepatoma 7777
Authors: Lamar Carlos , Greene Anne S. , Greene William B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA significant anemia develops in Buffalo rats bearing the Morris hepatoma 7777. By indiceal measurements the red blood cells (RBCs) appear to be microcytic and hypochromic. Ferrokinetic studies demonstrate a decreased uptake of iron in the bone marrow and an increased incorporation of iron in the spleens of the tumor‐bearing animals.RBC survival studies indicate the presence of a hemolytic component which appears to contribute to the anemia. The RBCs from tumor‐bearing animals (T‐RBC) have a greatly increased fragility in sodium chloride solutions. Inspection of these T‐RBCs by electron microscopy demonstrates significant echinocytosis when they are compared to normal cells.Electrophoretic separation of the hemoglobin from T‐RBCs shows a pattern different from normal cells and consistent with the pattern described for hemoglobin from spleen and bone marrow.The findings are consistent with bone marrow inadequacy and an increased splenic erythropoiesis which is insufficient to maintain normal hematological values. The hypothesis is presented that the RBCs synthesized under these circumstances appear in the circulation with an “immature” hemoglobin pattern and are hemolyzed more readily. This process then contributes to the hemolytic component and development of the anemia.
Temperature dependent activation of the alternate complement pathway by an IgG cryoglobulin
Authors: Poskitt Thomas R. , Poskitt Paula K. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is presented whose serum contains a monoclonal IgG3 cryoglobulin. The presence of persistent hypocomplementemia suggested the possibility that the cryoglobulin, upon cold‐induced precipitation, was capable of activating the complement system. Because visible cryoprecipitation commenced in vitro at 30°C, the patient's serum and normal serum to which had been added the isolated cryoglobulin were repeatedly cooled to 30°C and rewarmed to 37°C. This reproduction of the in vivo counterpart of blood circulating through an extremity exposed to the cold resulted in activation of C3‐proactivator (properdin factor B), C3 cleavage, and a 78% reduction in total hemolytic complement. This study demonstrates that IgG is capable of activating complement via the alternate pathway and reveals a mechanism through which this can occur in vivo; namely, by means of temperature dependent polymerization. In addition, we postulate that episodic complement activation initiated by the cryoglobulin contributed to the development of glomerulonephritis in this patient.
Isolation and characterization of granulocyte lysosomal proteins and study of their effects on the clotting system
Authors: Herion John C. , Bucher John R. , Penniall Ralph , Walker Richard I. , Baker Mary , Roberts Harold R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLysosomes (granules) of rabbit PMN leukocytes were extracted with either HCl or H2SO4, and the extracts were chromatographed over Sephadex to separate protein constituents. Some of the low molecular weight cationic proteins homogeneous on SDS PAGE (8% and 12.5% gels) were characterized by electrophoretic mobility in acid gels and by amino acid analysis. A 3,700 dalton polypeptide, rich in arginine and cysteine, prolonged the partial thromboplastin time of normal plasma. In low concentration, this protein shortened the clotting time of pure fibrinogen by thrombin. In high concentration this lysosomal cationic protein precipitated fibrinogen from solution; no fibrinopeptides were released to suggest cleavage of fibrinogen. Fibrinolytic protease activity was detected in crude H2SO4 extracts but not in crude HCl extracts.Two separate plasminogen activators, differing from kallikrein or prekallikrein, were isolated from the H2SO4 lysosomal extract and were partially characterized; neither exhibited proteolytic activity on fibrinogen free of plasminogen.
The chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia: XXXVIII. Cytogenetic experience in Ph1‐negative chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)
Authors: Kohno Sei‐Ichi , Abe Syuiti , Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong 300 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) followed at our institute during the last ten years, 36 (12%) were thought to have Ph1‐negative CML. In eight of these patients, chromosomal abnormalities were found in the leukemic cells; in four, the karyotypic abnormalities were established with banding techniques. The data of the present study and a review of the literature regarding chromosomal changes in Ph1‐negative CML indicate that: 1) no characteristic or consistent karyotypic change is present in Ph1‐negative CML and that diploidy is more common in this than any other leukemia; 2) the most common changes involve group C chromosomes (particularly +8); and 3) a missing Y is less common in Ph1‐negative CML than in its Ph1‐positive counterpart. The karyotypic changes in Ph1‐negative CML resemble more those encountered in Ph1‐positive CML than in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The much shorter survival of the Ph1‐negative CML patients vs that of the Ph1‐positive group was again substantiated, and some of the previously reported clinical and laboratory findings unique to Ph1‐negative CML were confirmed. On the basis of the cytogenetic findings it is concluded that Ph1‐negative CML appears to be an entity unto itself.
Effect of zinc on hyperammonemia in sickle cell anemia subjects
Authors: Prasad Ananda S. , Rabbani Parviz , Warth James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn increase in plasma ammonia level in human volunteers on restricted zinc intake, and in zinc‐deficient rats, has recently been reported. Inasmuch as zinc deficiency has been observed in sickle cell anemia patients, we measured plasma ammonia levels in such subjects. In this report we document hyperammonemia in sickle cell anemia patients that was corrected with zinc therapy.
Murine recovery from busulfan‐induced hematopoietic toxicity as assessed by three assays for colony‐forming cells
Authors: Boggs Dane R. , Boggs Sallie S. , Chervenick Paul A. , Patrene Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThese studies were designed to explore further the interrelationships between various stem cell and other hematopoietic compartments of the mouse. Busulfan (BU) has been shown by others to have a profound effect on the transplantable pluripotent stem cells capable of forming colonies on spleens (CFU) of lethally irradiated recipients – more so than on cells of differentiated compartments. Another presumed assay of pluripotent stem cells consists of counting colonies on spleens of nontransplanted sublethally irradiated mice as a quantitation of endogenous colony‐forming units (E‐CFU). We examined and compared BU‐induced damage and recovery as measured by E‐CFU, CFU, CFU‐C, total cellularity of marrow, peroxidase‐positive cells per marrow, spleen weight, radioactive iron uptake into spleen and marrow, and hematocrit. E‐CFU were severely damaged by BU, but recovery was significantly more rapid than that measured for CFU. These results were compatible with other data suggesting that cycling stem cells are more likely to survive radiation and less likely to survive removal and transplantation. Thus, the actual number of pluripotent stem cells lies between the CFU and E‐CFU values. Damage to more mature granulocytic and erythrocytic compartments lagged behind damage to E‐CFU and CFU. Abortive rises in these more mature compartments were observed, which suggested limited but distinct self‐replication activity of “stem cells” more differentiated than the CFU, E‐CFU systems. Time of final recovery of the damaged hematopoietic system was compatible with a concept of recovery of pluripotent stem cell system(s) preceding recovery of more mature compartments.
A survey of the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide in patients with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Griner Paul F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe members of the American Society of Hematology were surveyed to determine their experience in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia (AA) with cyclophosphamide (CYT). Among the 401 members responding, 50 had treated AA patients, and three remissions were reported. These remissions can be explained either by response to CYT in a subgroup of patients with AA due to an immune mechanism or to spontaneous remission. Clinical trials of the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of AA patients will not likely permit a distinction between drug effect and spontaneous remission until the subgroup of patients with immune‐mediated AA is identified through the development of more sensitive and specific in vitro tests.
Mitochondrial metabolism in normal, myeloid, and erythroid hyperplastic rabbit bone marrow: Effect of chloramphenicol
Authors: Abou‐Khalil Samir , Salem Ziad , Yunis Adel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtein synthesis, respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation were studied in mitochondria isolated from normal, myeloid, and erythroid hyperplastic bone marrow of rabbits. Mitochondria from normal and myeloid hyperplastic marrow showed a similar degree of 14C‐leucine incorporation while a threefold higher activity was demonstrated in mitochondria from erythroid marrow. The incorporation was mitochondrial‐concentration‐dependent and in all cases was inhibited by low concentrations of chloramphenicol (CAP). The respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from either myeloid or erythroid marrow was twice as high as the normal, but in all cases respiration and phosphorylation were unaffected by concentrations of CAP which totally inhibited protein synthesis.
Detection of accessory spleens with indium 111‐labeled autologous platelets
Authors: Davis Harmon H. , Varki Ajit , Heaton W. Andrew , Siegel Barry A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn two patients with recurrent immune thrombocytopenia, accessory splenic tissue was demonstrated by radionuclide imaging following administration of indium 111‐labeled autologous platelets. In one of these patients, no accessory splenic tissue was seen on images obtained with technetium 99m sulfur colloid. This new technique provides a simple means for demonstrating accessory spleens and simultaneously evaluating the life‐span of autologous platelets.
Essential thrombocythemia in a child: Platelet ultrastructure and function
Authors: Barnhart Marion I. , Kim Tae H. , Evatt Bruce L. , Ragab Abdelsalam H. , Lui Victor K. , Herman Jay , Lusher Jeanne M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA nine‐year‐old black girl with essential thrombocythemia developed hemoptysis. Only two other cases in the English literature have been described. Ultrastructure and functional characteristics of this patient's platelets were studied. Twenty‐six percent of the patient's platelets were very large (megathrombocytes). Spontaneous aggregates from the patient's platelets were not compact, and the pseudopods did not interdigitate. Both qualitative and quantitative defects in platelet organelles were detected. The microtubular system was faulty in organization. Furthermore, the number of granules (especially alpha granules) was reduced. Platelet aggregation studies demonstrated subnormal aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen, but aggregation with ristocetin was normal. It is postulated that a platelet membrane abnormality may be the cause of their defective platelet aggregation.
Splenic artery embolization prior to splenectomy in end‐stage polycythemia vera
Authors: Hocking William G. , Machleder Herbert I. , Golde David W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with polycythemia rubra vera and myeloid metaplasia required splenectomy because of local symptoms attributable to a massively enlarged spleen. Preoperative embolization of the splenic circulation with inert materials was performed to reduce splenic size and vascularity in order to permit safe splenectomy. This case illustrates the utility of preoperative splenic embolization when routine splenectomy is contraindicated for technical reasons. The hazards of this technique and guidelines for its clinical use are outlined.
Transfusion‐induced malaria in a splenectomized β‐thalassemia major patient and review of blood donor screening methods
Authors: Joishy Suresh K. , Lopez Cynthia G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransfusion‐induced malaria may be a serious threat to the life of a group of special patients: those who require many transfusions, those who have been treated with immunosuppressants, and those who have undergone splenectomy. We describe transfusion‐induced malaria in a β‐thalassemia major patient who had undergone splenectomy. Existing guidelines for screening and excluding donors who have or have had malaria are inadequate, and serologic screenings are too costly. We suggest some guidelines that may help prevent transfusion‐induced malaria and supply an index of suspect signs and symptoms as a key to diagnosis.
On the methods calculating mean survival time in 51Cr‐platelet survival study
Authors: Tsukada Toshiyasu , Tango Toshiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe International Committee for Standardization in Hematology recommended three methods for calculating objectively the mean platelet survival time, ie, weighted mean of linear estimate and logarithmic estimate, truncated exponential model, and gamma model. For determining which method is better, data of the survival study were fitted to each of three methods, as well as the Paulus polynomial and exponential polynomial models, and the mean survival time and the mean square error were compared.Mean survival obtained by each method was always longest in healthy controls and shortest in ITP. In 3rd degree of polynomial estimate and 2nd and 3rd degrees of logarithmic estimate, several cases showed practically outlying mean survival time of more than 12 days. In healthy controls, highest mean square error was observed in 1st degree logarithmic estimate, and in cases with short mean survival time the highest one was obtained in 1st degree polynomial estimate. Mean square error in ITP pre‐ and postsplenectomy and in aplastic anemia was smallest in the gamma model.Among nine methods recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology and by Dr. Paulus, the gamma model so far provides the best method for calculating the mean survival time of 51Cr‐platelets.
Oxygen affinity and stability of hemoglobin dunn (α6(A4)Asp→Asn): Use of isoelectric focusing in recognition of a new abnormal hemoglobin
Authors: Charache S. , Brimhall B. , Zaatari G. , Hathaway P. J. , Steiman I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new slow‐moving hemoglobin was found in low proportion in an asymptomatic black woman. Isoelectric focusing helped to distinguish it from other hemoglobins with similar electrophoretic mobility, and amino acid analysis showed that aspartic acid α6 (A4) had been replaced by asparagine. Oxygen affinity was increased, but the Bohr and DPG effects were normal. Stability of the purified hemoglobin was decreased, but that of hemolysates was normal. Abnormal oxygen affinity of this variant, and that of hemoglobin Sawara (α6(A4)Asp→Ala), may reflect loss of a salt bridge between Asp α6 and Lys‐α127(H10) which would tend to favor the high‐affinity R conformation of the molecule.
Disappearance of Hb F and i antigen during the first year of life
Authors: Henri Annie , Testa Ugo , Tonthat Hoi , Riou Jean , Titeux Monique , Vainchenker William , Feuilhade Franck , Galacteros Frédéric , Rochant Henri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate whether a common control mechanism is involved in the diminution of i antigen expression and that of Hb F content in human erythrocytes during the postnatal period, we compared changes in 72 normal infants aged from 0 to 12 months. The proportion of hemoglobins (Hb F, Hb A, Hb A2) and the quantitation of „i”︁ antigen were determined on the total population of red blood cells. In addition, the percentage of individual cells containing Hb F or „i”︁ antigen or both (F cells, „i”︁ cells, and F + „i”︁ cells) were evaluated by using a rhodamine‐conjugated anti‐Hb F and a fluorescein conjugated anti‐i system on the same smear preparation, The results provided by the two most sensitive techniques (F cell counting and „i”︁ agglutinability) indicated that the curves of disappearance of Hb F and „i”︁ antigen along the 12 first months after birth were identical. A strong correlation (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001) existed between the percentage of F cells and „i”︁ antigen expression. In addition, the progressive increase in Hb A2 concentration was inversely correlated firstly with the proportion of Hb F and second with the expression of the „i”︁ antigen.These results suggest that the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin and the transformation of „i”︁ antigen expression occurring during the first year following birth are governed by a common control mechanism.
Mechanisms of levamisole‐induced granulocytopenia in breast cancer patients
Authors: Vogel Charles L. , Silverman Michael A. , Mansell Peter W. , Miller Alan M. , Thompson John S. , Herbick John M. , Brunskill Dennis E. , Padgett Darlene C. , McKinney E. Churchill , Sugarbaker Everett V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive of 39 (13%) women treated with adjuvant combination chemotherapy plus levamisole immunotherapy after mastectomy for Stage II or III breast cancer developed levamisole‐induced granulocytopenia. This complication occurred in each of the women between six and ten weeks after the completion of six months of combination chemoimmunotherapy when they were taking levamisole alone. Although none of the patients had an HLA B‐27 locus and leukoagglutinins could not be demonstrated, complement‐dependent, IgM mediated, peripheral destruction of granulocytes was documented using a microgranulocytotoxicity assay. In addition, a factor(s) present in serum from patients developing levamisole‐induced granulocytopenia caused suppression of bone marrow granulocyte progenitor cells (CFU‐C). The possible relationships between levamisole‐induced peripheral granulocyte destruction and bone marrow CFU‐C suppression are discussed.
Pulmonary manifestations of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Rausch P. Gregory , Herion John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWaldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WMG), a proliferation of malignant monoclonal IgM secreting plasmacytoid lymphocytes in lymph nodes, spleen, and marrow, usually pursues a chronic clinical course. A patient with WMG for five years who developed pulmonary tumors consisting of plasmacytoid lymphocytes prompted a review of the literature for pulmonary manifestations of WMG.Twenty‐six males and 18 females, ranging in age from 33 to 84 years, have been reported with histologically proven pulmonary involvement by WMG. The x‐ray findings, evident in most patients when first seen, consisted of masses (22 patients), infiltrates (31 patients), and pleural effusions (19 patients). Most patients (24) had two or more of these manifestations but only five, in addition to our patient, had isolated pulmonary nodules. Isolated pulmonary infiltrates were found in ten patients and isolated pleural effusions in only four. Symptoms at the onset of pulmonary involvement included dyspnea (54%), nonproductive cough (33%), and chest pain (7%); 15% were asymptomatic. Pulmonary manifestations, like other features of WMG, respond to alkylating agents or irradiation and do not appear to affect prognosis adversely. Pulmonary involvement should be suspected in any patient with WMG who develops an abnormal chest x‐ray.
Lymphoblastic leukemic transformation (lymphoblastic crisis) in myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Polliack Aaron , Prokocimer Miron , Matzner Yaacov 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developing in myelofibrosis (MF) and myeloid metaplasia (MM) is reported in two patients. In both cases, the clinical course of the „blastic crisis”︁ was rapidly progressive with little response to chemotherapy. The circulating cells were readily identified as lymphoblasts on the basis of cytology, cytochemistry, immunologic studies, and ultrastructure. In one of the cases, 40% of cells had T‐cell markers and all cells contained paranuclear acid phosphatase. In the second case, cells had a „Burkitt‐like”︁ appearance, contained multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles positive for oil red O, and one‐third of them had B‐cell markers. The development of lymphoblastic crisis in MF and MM occurs rarely, is analogous to blastic transformation in chronic granulocytic leukemia, and supports the hypothesis that myeloproliferative disorders originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
Hemolytic anemia in wilson disease: Clinical findings and biochemical mechanisms
Authors: Forman Stephen J. , Kumar K. Sree , Redeker Allan G. , Hochstein Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients with Wilson disease who presented with severe hemolytic anemia are described. One was noted to have unusually high serum copper levels (369 μg/100 ml). A review of similar such patients in the literature suggests that, rather than having a low serum copper, patients with hemolysis accompanying Wilson disease have very high serum copper levels. For this reason, in vitro studies of the toxic effects of copper on erythrocytes were undertaken. It was found that, although copper does not have a major direct inhibitory effect on glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, the metal does inhibit hexokinase as a consequence of its interaction with oxyhemoglobin. However, such inhibition does not appear to be a major factor in copper‐induced hemolysis. On the other hand, the addition of the lipid antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) suppresses hemolysis in copper‐treated cells. These experiments suggest that the primary toxic effect of copper is mediated through its oxidant actions on membrane phospholipids rather than through its potential inhibitory effects on intracellular enzymes.
Post‐transfusion purpura: An enigma of alloimmunization
Authors: Lau Peter , Sholtis Carol M. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with post‐transfusion purpura is reported. This female patient, sensitized by previous blood transfusion, developed symptomatic thrombocytopenia seven days after a second blood transfusion. A platelet antibody, which had anti‐P1 A1 specificity, was identified by 51Cr‐release assay and by indirect immunofluorescence. Hemorrhage stopped abruptly after plasma exchange therapy. Thrombocytopenia did not recur when the patient was further challenged with P1A1‐positive blood and plasma. Anti‐P1A1 antibody, detectable by immunofluorescence but not by complement‐dependent platelet cytoxicity, persisted in high titer for at least one year after recovery. The heterogeneity and pathogenesis of this clinical syndrome are discussed.