bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'evolution d'un chanson grecque
Authors: Baud-Bovy Samuel 
Published: April 2006

Lorsque l'avion n'avait pas encore aboli les distances, le Grec qui quittait Athènes pour Vienne ou Paris disait se rendre “en Europe,” soulignant ainsi à bon droit que la Grèce, quoique appartenant géographiquement à l'Europe, participe aussi d'une autre culture, orientale ou tout au moins méditerraneenne.Nous avons montré ailleurs que la mélodie-type des strophes de distiques rimés était commune à la Grèce et à l'Occident (Baud-Bovy, 1956).Les chansons narratives nous offrent un autre exemple de cette communauté de répertoire. Leur strophe ne comporte plus quatre sections comme celle des distiques, mais trois sections, correspondant chacune à un hémistiche du vers populaire par excellence des Grecs modernes, le vers dit “politique,” un “grand vers” à césure.
Part-Singing in Bulgarian Folk Music*
Authors: Kaufman Nikolay 
Published: April 2006

Over a large area of south-western Bulgaria, songs are mostly two-part. The first voice sings the melody; the second voice is smooth or slightly more florid, mostly on the tonic and adjacent degrees of the scale. This area can be divided into four regions, differentiated by the styles of singing in two-part songs: Pirina region, the region to the centre of western Bulgaria, and the Velingrad and Ihktiman Pazardjik regions. Each of these regions shows a different structure of two-part songs. The differences lie in harmonic and rhythmic structure, and in the range of the second voice.The most widespread style is that of the Pirina region, characterized by the comparative restriction of the second voice.Typical of the Velingrad region are the songs with a vigorously moving second part, ranging mainly between the first, third and fourth degrees of the scale and the leading note. Typical of the Ikhtiman region (the smallest of the four) are two-part songs with an elaborately ornamented second part woven round the melody and reaching the tonic a little before the first voice.
Über den vokalen und instrumentalen vortrag der ungarischen Volksweisen
Authors: Kiss Lajos 
Published: April 2006

In der Musikfolklore erscheinen die Melodien entweder vokal oder instrumental. Diese beiden Stile setzen selbst bei derselben Melodie zweierlei Vortragsarten voraus. Beide Arten werden von den technischen Gegebenheiten der Interpretationsmittel, der menschlichen Stimme bzw. des betreffenden Instruments determiniert.Im gesungenen Vortrag sind die Töne länger ausgehalten, enger miteinander verbunden. Ihr Rhythmus wird in den meisten Fällen durch die Prosodie der Sprache beeinflusst, im Parlando-Vortrzg sogar bestimmt. Die Prosodie des Textes hat selbst im Falle eines festen Tempo giusto-Vortrages ihre Einwirkung auf den musikalischen Rhythmus. Die vorkommenden Verzierungen sind von zweierlei Art. Erstens findet man mit der Melodie eng verbundene, ihren integralen Teil bildende Melismen, die die Melodielinie verzieren, ohne das Wesen der Melodie besonders zu beeinflussen.
La Pintura Occidental de Felino de Cerro Sechin: ¿Es Original o Falsa?
Authors: Bonavia Duccio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDe las dos pinturas de un felino que adornan la entrada del edificio interior de Cerro Sechin, un sitio del período Inicial en la costa norte del Peru, la del lado oriental es auténtica, mientras que la del lado occidental se cree es una falsificación. Aunque un recien artículo y fotografía sugieren que el felino occidental fue repintado en 1971-1972 para mejorar la vista para el público, un estudio cuidadoso de la fotografía apoya la posición que el felino occidental es una obra moderna.
El Personaje del pie amputado en la cultura mochica del Peru: Un ensayo sobre la arqueologia del poder
Authors: Arsenault Daniel 
Published: April 2006

ResumenEl estudio de la iconografía escatológica producida por los mochicas de la costa norte del Perú prehispánico (ca. 50 A.C.-750 D.C.) coloca en evidencia la presencia de diversos personajes lisiados, y más precisamente figurantes masculinos con un pie o los dos pies faltantes. ¿Cuál fue el significado ideológico y político de este elemento simbólico y su importancia en la dinámica del poder mochica? En las escenas que ilustran el mundo de los vivos, estos lisiados forman parte de un grupo, que he llamado “los Intendentes,” puesto al servicio del dirigente mochica. En las escenas del mundo de los muertos, un lisiado de apariencia esquelética (“el Esqueleto con prótesis”) parece igualmente servir al dirigente fallecido. Poniendo en relación estas representaciones con descubrimientos arqueológicos pertinentes, un análisis contextual permite liberar una figura simbólica mayor de la imaginativa de los mochicas, metonimia del orden social y político, que he llamado el “Personaje del pie amputado.” Pareciera que esta figura pudo simbolizar, a la vez en la iconografía y a la ocasión de ciertas prácticas rituales y de sacrificio, la perennidad de la estructura de poder, especialmente a partir de la fase III y posteriormente. Este tipo de análisis contextual permite estudiar desde un nuevo ángulo los elementos constitutivos de la estructura de poder mochica y da nuevas perspectivas para la comprehensión de la dinámica del poder en las sociedades complejas.
Los lobos marinos como recurso para cazadores-recolectores marinos: El caso de tierra del Fuego
Authors: Schiavini Adrián 
Published: April 2006

ResumenEste artículo analiza el papel de los pinnípedos en la adaptación humana al litoral del archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego, que eventualmente desembocara en los conocidos canoeros magallánico-fueguinos yamana y alacalufe. Primero, se presenta el análisis de restos arqueofaunísticos recuperados en sitios de la costa norte del Canal Beagle, para determinar la importancia del consumo de pinnípedos en relación con su rendimiento energético. Se verifica que, a lo largo de la secuencia cultural de seis mil años de antigüedad descrita para esta región, los pinnípedos constituyeron el principal recurso energético en comparación con aves y guanacos. Segundo, se establece la importancia de los pinnípedos para suplir los requerimientos metabólicos de dietas pobres en carbohidratos y bajo condicionamientos ambientales subantárticos. Tercero, se confirma que el consumo de pinnípedos constituyó una fuente de energía importada al ecosistema humano del litoral, con base en la ecología trófica de estos animales que se alimentan en aguas externas al sistema litoral y la localización conocida de las loberías lejos del Canal Beagle. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos son (a) el incremento de la capacidad de carga humana sobre el ambiente litoral debido a la importación de energía, (b) la independencia de las poblaciones de pinnípedos con respecto a la actividad humana, la que garantizó un suplemento estable de animales para la población del canal, y (c) una explicación para las altas densidades que estos pueblos alcanzaron y para su rápida extinción una vez que los stocks de pinnípedos fueron drásticamente reducidos por loberos europeos y norteamericanos en los siglos XVIII y XIX.
Archaeofaunal Accumulation, Fragmented Forests, and Anthropogenic Landscape Mosaics in the Tropical Lowlands of Prehispanic Ecuador
Authors: Stahl Peter W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study examines archaeofaunal materials contained within a large bell-shaped prehistoric pit from the site of Pechichal (M3B4-011) in northern Manabí Province of lowland western Ecuador. This feature provides a high resolution archaeological context for understanding assemblage accumulation and deposition, and provides important data for inferring local environmental conditions. The archaeofaunal assemblage can be divided into two distinct groups based upon the vertical representation of its skeletal remains throughout the pit. One group, characterized by variable skeletal representation and vertical concentration, likely includes both culturally disposed and naturally entrapped taxa. The other group, characterized by a few isolated fragments, low skeletal completeness, and dispersion in vertical profile, is likely dominated by culturally disposed taxa. When the natural histories of the pit faunas are considered along with their distinct numerical representation, the entire pit assemblage makes ecological sense. The data suggest that the pit was located at the edge of a modified forest fragment.
A Dynastic Tomb from Campeche, Mexico: New Evidence on Jaguar Paw, a Ruler of Calakmul
Authors: Vargas Ramón Carrasco , Boucher Sylviane , González Paula Alvarez , Blos Vera Tiesler , Fabela Colonia Isidro , Vierna Valeria García , Moreno Renata García , Negrete Javier Vázquez 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper reports the recent discovery of a royal tomb in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. Buried in this chamber was an adult male. Among the abundant offerings that accompanied this personage was a polychrome plate bearing the heiroglyph, Yukom Yich’ak K’ak’ (Jaguar Paw), the name of the governor of Cakalmul during the second half of the seventh century. Previously, it was believed that Jaguar Paw was captured and sacrificed at Tikal in 695 A. D. However, new data suggest that this recently discovered tomb at Calakmul was his final resting place.
Styles and State Formations
Authors: Willey Gordon R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe author's earlier thoughts about Mesoamerican and Peruvian horizon styles and regional stylistic diversity have been given new meaning by the concepts of “corporate” and “exclusionary” states as these have been formulated by R. E. Blanton and colleagues. Their synthesis should open the way for further dialogue concerning the processes of state formation as these can be observed in the archaeological record.
Sociopolitical Developments and Methodological Issues at Copan, Honduras: A Conjunctive Perspective
Authors: Fash William L. , Sharer Robert J. 
Published: April 2006

Results of 16 years of archaeological research at Copán, Honduras, based on different methods and theoretical perspectives, can be used in combination to better understand the developmental trajectory of Classic period sociopolitical evolution in the Copán Valley. Although research continues, findings to date demonstrate the advantage of conjunctive research that applies archaeological, epigraphic, and iconographic data in a crosscutting, self-corrective strategy. While the use of any single data set may produce incomplete or inaccurate conclusions, as in the use of settlement data alone to reconstruct Middle Classic population size and assess the developmental status of the Copán polity, more complete conclusions can be reached by applying a fuller range of data from excavations in both the valley and Acropolis of Copán's urban core, along with epigraphic and iconographic evidence. These combined data show that from its beginning in the fifth century, the Classic Copán polity was ruled by powerful kings who controlled large populations and, quite likely, an extensive territory that may have included the site of Quiriguá in the Motagua Valley to the north.At the other end of the developmental trajectory, the combination of research findings from the Acropolis and surrounding elite residential compounds and valley settlement data, has led to a redefinition of the Classic “collapse” at Copán, now seen as a long-enduring process involving the decentralization of political authority, the end of centralized dynastic rule, and gradual depopulation of the valley. This reconstruction, in combination with evidence for the end of the Classic period at other Lowland Maya sites, supports the long-standing conclusion that there was no single cause for the collapse, but rather that a complex and long-operating series of processes was responsible for the end of lowland Classic Maya civilization.
Nocardioform placentitis with isolation of Amycolatopsis spp in a Florida-bred mare
Authors: Christensen Bruce W. , Roberts John F. , Pozor Malgorzata A. , Giguere Steeve , Sells Stephen F. , Donahue James M. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old Thoroughbred mare was evaluated because of placental abnormalities and a retained placental remnant.
Clinical Findings—Microbial culture of the placenta yielded pure growth of Amycolatopsis spp. Histologic examination of the placenta revealed a focally expanding chorionitis with intralesional gram-positive filamentous bacilli and multifocal allantoic adenomatous hyperplasia on the apposing allantoic surface.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment with lavage and oxytocin resulted in expulsion of the placental remnant within hours of parturition. The mare did not become pregnant again despite multiple breedings. The foal appeared healthy but died of complications during an elective surgical procedure at 7 weeks of age.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—To the author's knowledge, all previously confirmed cases of nocardioform placentitis have been in mares bred in the central Kentucky region. Indications that the pathogen in the mare reported here is a different species than that isolated in Kentucky suggest that this is an emerging disease. Mares with nocardioform placentitis usually do not have the same clinical signs as mares with placentitis resulting from an ascending pathogen.
Presumptive fenbendazole toxicosis in North American porcupines
Authors: Weber Martha A. , Miller Michele A. , Neiffer Donald L. , Terrell Scott P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Case Description—4 North American porcupines were evaluated because of diarrhea or neutropenia (or both) that developed after treatment with fenbendazole for intestinal parasites.
Clinical Findings—Complete blood cell count abnormalities included severe neutropenia in all affected porcupines and mild anemia in some of them. In 2 porcupines, postmortem findings included bone marrow hypoplasia and intestinal crypt cell necrosis.
Treatment and Outcome—Affected porcupines received supportive care including fluid supplementation and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The 2 surviving animals recovered after 9 to 33 days of treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Fenbendazole is an anthelminthic that may be used in an extralabel manner for the treatment of intestinal parasitism in wildlife species. The drug inhibits mitosis and can affect rapidly dividing cell lines, such as those in the bone marrow and intestinal crypt mucosa. Fenbendazole may not be an appropriate anthelminthic choice in North American porcupines.
Parameter estimation for reactive transport by a Monte‐Carlo approach
Authors: Aggarwal Mohit , Carrayrou Jérôme 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe chemical parameters used in reactive transport models are not known accurately due to the complexity and the heterogeneous conditions of a real domain. The development of an efficient algorithm in order to estimate the chemical parameters using Monte‐Carlo method is presented. By fitting the results obtained from the model with the experimental curves obtained with various experimental conditions, the problem of parameters estimation is converted into a minimization problem. Monte‐Carlo methods are very robust for the optimization of the highly nonlinear mathematical model describing reactive transport. It involves generating random values of parameters and finding the best set. The focus is to develop an optimization algorithm which uses less number of realizations so as to reduce the CPU time. Reactive transport of TBT through natural quartz sand at seven different pHs is taken as the test case. Our algorithm will be used to estimate the chemical parameters of the sorption of TBT onto the natural quartz sand. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Crystallization kinetics of toughed poly(butylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends
Authors: Bai Huiyu , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yinxi , Zhang Xiangfu , Zhou Wen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe crystallization kinetics of pure poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and toughed modification PBT/polycarbonate (PC) blends with ethylene‐butylacrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (PTW) and ethylene‐1‐octylene copolymer (POE) were studied. For nonisothermal crystallization process studies, the Ozawa theory and an equation combining the Avrami and Ozawa equation are used. It is found that the Ozawa analysis fails to provide an adequate description of the nonisothermal crystallization process in PBT, PBT/PC, and toughed PBT/PC blends, while the combination of the Avrami and Ozawa equations exhibit great advantages in treating the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The activation energies are determined by the Kissinger method for nonisothermal crystallization. The activation energy for PBT/PC/PTW/POE blend is greater than those of PBT/PC, and PBT/PC/POE blends. Isothermal crystallization processes were studied by the Avrami equation. The results show that the values of the Avrami exponent n for PBT, PBT/PC, and toughed PBT/PC blends are 3.8, 3.0, and 2.8–3.2, respectively. The Avrami rate constant K for PBT, PBT/PC, and toughed PBT/PC blends increase in following order: KPBT/PC < KPBT/PC/POE < KPBT/PC/PTW/POE < KPBT © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1295–1308, 2006
Structure and properties of a poly(amino ether) resin after reprocessing in the melt state
Authors: Granado A. , Eguiazábal J. I. , Nazábal J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of reprocessing by extrusion for up to five cycles, at both the usual (200°C) and an extreme (230°C) temperature, on the structure and mechanical properties of a poly(amino ether) (PAE) resin were studied. A slight darkening and viscosity increase was observed, mainly upon reprocessing at 230°C. The melt flow index and solubility analysis indicated that grafting and crosslinking reactions took place, respectively, after reprocessing at 200 and 230°C. The Young′s modulus and the yield stress of PAE increased slightly with successive extrusion cycles. This was attributed to the viscosity‐induced increase in orientation, and to a minor extent to the partially grafted/crosslinked nature of the samples. The decrease in the ductility was more noticeable in the samples reprocessed at 230°C, and was attributed to the reduced ability to elongate of partially grafted and partially crosslinked structures present after reprocessing, respectively, at 200 and 230°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1368–1373, 2006
RASSF1A hypermethylation and its inverse correlation with BRAF and/or KRAS mutations in MSI‐associated endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Kang Sokbom , Lee Jae Myun , Jeon Eun‐Sook , Lee Sun , Kim Hogeun , Kim Hy‐Sook , Seo Sang‐Soo , Park Sang‐Yoon , Sidransky David , Dong Seung Myung 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBoth hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A and activating mutations of the KRAS and/or BRAF gene have been reported in a variety of human cancers. To investigate these epigenetic and genetic alterations in endometrial carcinoma (EC), we examined their frequency in 4 uterine EC cell lines and in 75 sporadic primary ECs. Using methylation specific PCR, we found RASSF1A methylation in 25 of 75 (33.3%) ECs. RASSF1A methylation was significantly associated with microsatellite instability (MSI, p < 0.001) and also with hMLH1 methylation (p < 0.001). KRAS mutations were detected in 14 of 75 (18.7%) ECs. BRAF mutations were identified in only 3 of 75 (4.0%) ECs and were not found in ECs with KRAS mutations or RASSF1A methylation. RASSF1A methylation was more frequent in KRAS mutation‐negative ECs than in KRAS mutation‐positive ECs (37.7% vs 14.3%), but this inverse correlation is not statistically significant (p = 0.122). However, we observed that RASSF1A methylation was inversely correlated with KRAS and/or BRAF mutations (p = 0.028) in MSI‐negative ECs, while this inverse correlation disappeared in MSI‐positive ECs. Furthermore, in MSI‐positive ECs, 2 cases of concomitant RASSF1A methylation and KRAS mutation were found. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that, in EC tumorigenesis, RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation is as important as KRAS mutations in activating the RAS pathway. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photopheresis in solid organ transplant rejection
Authors: Marques Marisa B. , Tuncer Hande H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPhotopheresis has become a key component in the therapeutic armamentarium of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, graft‐versus‐host disease following stem cell transplant, and allograft rejection of solid organs such as heart. Although it is considered a new treatment modality in its present form, the field of phototherapy dates back thousands of years. In this review, the reader will learn more about the history of photopheresis and how it became a therapeutic alternative for patients with solid organ transplants. An extensive literature search will highlight the evidence‐based benefits of photopheresis (or lack thereof). A discussion of the mechanism of action of photopheresis and the technical aspects of the procedure will also be covered. Since photopheresis may be the best tolerated form of immunomodulation, current promising, albeit preliminary data on its efficacy warrant further investigation and understanding. J. Clin. Apheresis 21:72–77, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endodermal differentiation of murine embryonic carcinoma cells by retinoic acid requires JLP, a JNK‐scaffolding protein
Authors: Kashef Kimia , Xu Hua , Reddy E. Premkumar , Dhanasekaran Danny N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen that induces endodermal differentiation of murine P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. RA‐induced differentiation of P19 cells has been used as a model system to define the differentiation programs of pluripotent stem cells. Using this system it has been shown that Gα13—the α‐subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein G13—and its activation of JNK‐module are critically required for the endodermal differentiation of P19 cells. However, the mechanism through which Gα13 is linked to JNK‐module is unknown. Here, we report that RA stimulates the expression of JNK‐interacting leucine zipper protein (JLP), a newly identified JNK‐scaffolding protein and its critical role in RA‐mediated endodermal differentiation. Our results indicate that there is a physical association between JLP and Gα13 in RA‐stimulated P19 cells. More interestingly, silencing JLP abrogates RA‐mediated endodermal differentiation of P19 cells analogous to the effects seen with the silencing of Gα13 or JNK. Therefore, our studies presented here identify for the first time, a novel role for a newly identified scaffolding protein in RA‐mediated endodermal differentiation, providing a new signaling conduit to transmit signals from RA to JNK module. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 715–722, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.