bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Unsaturated Zone Flow for Simulating Recharge in a Humid Climate
Authors: Hunt Randall J. , Prudic David E. , Walker John F. , Anderson Mary P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTransient recharge to the water table is often not well understood or quantified. Two approaches for simulating transient recharge in a ground water flow model were investigated using the Trout Lake watershed in north‐central Wisconsin: (1) a traditional approach of adding recharge directly to the water table and (2) routing the same volume of water through an unsaturated zone column to the water table. Areas with thin (less than 1 m) unsaturated zones showed little difference in timing of recharge between the two approaches; when water was routed through the unsaturated zone, however, less recharge was delivered to the water table and more discharge occurred to the surface because recharge direction and magnitude changed when the water table rose to the land surface. Areas with a thick (15 to 26 m) unsaturated zone were characterized by multimonth lags between infiltration and recharge, and, in some cases, wetting fronts from precipitation events during the fall overtook and mixed with infiltration from the previous spring snowmelt. Thus, in thicker unsaturated zones, the volume of water infiltrated was properly simulated using the traditional approach, but the timing was different from simulations that included unsaturated zone flow. Routing of rejected recharge and ground water discharge at land surface to surface water features also provided a better simulation of the observed flow regime in a stream at the basin outlet. These results demonstrate that consideration of flow through the unsaturated zone may be important when simulating transient ground water flow in humid climates with shallow water tables.
Ligand‐independent Regulation of the hairless Promoter by Vitamin D Receptor†
Authors: Engelhard Andrew , Bauer Robert C. , Casta Alexandre , Djabali Karima , Christiano Angela M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe characteristic alopecia associated with mutations in the hairless (hr) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes defines the resulting genetic disorders, known as atrichia and VDRRIIa rickets, as phenocopies. In both cases, the separation of the dermal papilla from the regressing hair follicle at the onset of the first catagen phase of the hair cycle and the development of dermal cysts and utricules subsequent to mutation of either gene suggests that their activities affect the same regulatory pathways. VDR functions as a hormonally activated transcription factor, and a role in transcription has been postulated for Hr due in part to its nuclear localization and homology with the GATA‐1 zinc‐finger domain. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that VDR and Hr have a direct regulatory effect on each other via a transcriptional mechanism. Ectopic expression of the VDR repressed hr promoter activity in HaCaT cells and primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). While this repression occurs in the absence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3), the addition of ligand greatly augments the effect. However, we also demonstrate the rare phenomenon of ligand‐independent promoter transactivation by VDR. We show that the full‐length promoter is transactivated by VDR in a ligand‐independent and cell type‐specific manner, suggesting that direct transcriptional regulation of hr by the VDR accounts in part for the phenotypic overlap between atrichia and VDRRIIa rickets.
Evaluation of 65% Permethrin Spot‐on and Deltamethrin‐impregnated Collars for Canine Leishmania infantum Infection Prevention
Authors: Ferroglio E. , Poggi M. , Trisciuoglio A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryDuring the 2004 and 2005 sand fly seasons, we evaluated the efficacy of a 65% spot‐on solution of permethrin (Exspot, Schering & Plough) and deltamethrin‐impregnated collar (Scalibor, Intervet) in reducing Leishmania infantum infection, in a canine leishmaniasis (CanL) endemic region (Liguria) in Italy. Immunofluorescent assay (IFA) revealed that three of 120 dogs (2.5%) treated with a 65% spot‐on solution of permethrin, as three of 119 dogs (2.5%) treated with deltamethrin‐impregnated collar have shown seroconversion after sand fly season. On the contrary, seroconversion was 15% in 188 untreated control dogs. Treatment reduced the risk of infection by 84%. The difference in treated dogs and control ones is highly significant (χ2 = 12.4; P = 0.0004). Our results show that treatment with 65% spot‐on solution of permethrin and the deltamethrin‐impregnated collar are effective in reducing the risk of acquiring L. infantum infection.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Pathogens in a Population of Zoo Animals
Authors: Stirling J. , Griffith M. , Blair I. , Cormican M. , Dooley J. S. G. , Goldsmith C. E. , Glover S. G. , Loughrey A. , Lowery C. J. , Matsuda M. , McClurg R. , McCorry K. , McDowell D. , McMahon A. , Cherie Millar B. , Nagano Y. , Rao J. R. , Rooney P. J. , Smyth M. , Snelling W. J. , Xu J. , Moore J. E. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryFaecal prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, including Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, as well as Arcobacter, were examined in 317 faecal specimens from 44 animal species in Belfast Zoological Gardens, during July–September 2006. Thermophilic campylobacters including Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, where members of this genus were isolated from 11 animal species (11 of 44; 25%). Yersinia spp. were isolated from seven animal species (seven of 44; 15.9%) and included, Yersinia enterocolitica (five of seven isolates; 71.4%) and one isolate each of Yersinia frederiksenii and Yersinia kristensenii. Only one isolate of Salmonella was obtained throughout the entire study, which was an isolate of Salmonella dublin (O 1,9,12: H g, p), originating from tiger faeces after enrichment. None of the animal species found in public contact areas of the zoo were positive for any gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. Also, water from the lake in the centre of the grounds, was examined for the same bacterial pathogens and was found to contain C. jejuni. This study is the first report on the isolation of a number of important bacterial pathogens from a variety of novel host species, C. jejuni from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), C. lari from a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Y. kristensenii from a vicugna (Vicugna vicugna) and Y. enterocolitica from a maned wolf and red panda (Ailurus fulgens). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the faeces of animals in public contact areas of the zoo were not positive for the bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens examined. This is reassuring for the public health of visitors, particularly children, who enjoy this educational and recreational resource.
Human Seroprevalence to Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Northern Ireland
Authors: McCaughey C. , McKenna J. , McKenna C. , Coyle P. V. , O’Neill H. J. , Wyatt D. E. , Smyth B. , Murray L. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryDespite the widespread prevalence of infection with Coxiella burnetii, there have been few large population‐based studies examining the epidemiology of this infection. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and determinants of C. burnetii past infection in Northern Ireland (NI). Coxiella burnetii phase II specific IgG antibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in stored serum from 2394 randomly selected subjects, aged 12–64, who had participated in population‐based surveys of cardiovascular risk factors performed in 1986 and 1987. The overall prevalence of C. burnetii antibody positivity was 12.8%. The prevalence of sero‐positivity was slightly higher in males than that in females (14.3% versus 11.2%, P = 0.02). Sero‐positivity was low in children (<10%), increasing to 19.5% and 16.4% in males and females, respectively, in the 25–34 age group and subsequently remaining fairly steady with increasing age. Sero‐positivity among farmers, at 48.8%, was significantly higher than the general population. More sero‐positive than sero‐negative women had a history of a miscarriage or still‐birth (19.5% versus 9.8%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a high prevalence of evidence of past C. burnetii infection in NI. Associations between past C. burnetii infection and age, sex, social class, occupation and reproductive history were seen. We estimate that 20% of Q fever infections in NI occur in farmers.
The Traust Authorization Service
Authors: Lee Adam J. , Winslett Marianne , Basney Jim , Welch Von 
Published: February 2008

In recent years, trust negotiation has been proposed as a novel authorization solution for use in open-system environments, in which resources are shared across organizational boundaries. Researchers have shown that trust negotiation is indeed a viable solution for these environments by developing a number of policy languages and strategies for trust negotiation that have desirable theoretical properties. Further, existing protocols, such as TLS, have been altered to interact with prototype trust negotiation systems, thereby illustrating the utility of trust negotiation. Unfortunately, modifying existing protocols is often a time-consuming and bureaucratic process that can hinder the adoption of this promising technology.
In this paper, we present Traust, a third-party authorization service that leverages the strengths of existing prototype trust negotiation systems. Traust acts as an authorization broker that issues access tokens for resources in an open system after entities use trust negotiation to satisfy the appropriate resource access policies. The Traust architecture was designed to allow Traust to be integrated either directly with newer trust-aware applications or indirectly with existing legacy applications; this flexibility paves the way for the incremental adoption of trust negotiation technologies without requiring widespread software or protocol upgrades. We discuss the design and implementation of Traust, the communication protocol used by the Traust system, and its performance. We also discuss our experiences using Traust to broker access to legacy resources, our proposal for a Traust-aware version of the GridFTP protocol, and Traust's resilience to attack.
Vigilant
Authors: Pelleg Dan , Ben-Yehuda Muli , Harper Rick , Spainhower Lisa , Adeshiyan Tokunbo 
Published: February 2008

What do our computer systems do all day? How do we make sure they continue doing it when failures occur? Traditional approaches to answering these questions often involve in-band monitoring agents. However in-band agents suffer from several drawbacks: they need to be written or customized for every workload (operating system and possibly also application), they comprise potential security liabilities, and are themselves affected by adverse conditions in the monitored systems.
Virtualization technology makes it possible to encapsulate an entire operating system or application instance within a virtual object that can then be easily monitored and manipulated without any knowledge of the contents or behavior of that object. This can be done out-of-band, using general purpose agents that do not reside inside the object, and hence are not affected by the behavior of the object.

This paper describes
Vigilant
, a novel way of monitoring virtual machines for problems. Vigilant requires no specialized agents inside a virtual object it is monitoring. Instead, it uses the hypervisor to directly monitor the resource requests and utilization of an object. Machine learning methods are then used to analyze the readings. Our experimental results show that problems can be detected out-of-band with high accuracy. Using Vigilant we demonstrate that out-of-band monitoring using virtualization and machine learning can accurately identify faults in the guest OS, while avoiding the many pitfalls associated with in-band monitoring.
Parallelization of IBM mambo system simulator in functional modes
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Yu , Wang Huayong , Shen Xiaowei 
Published: February 2008

Mambo [4] is IBM's full-system simulator which models PowerPC systems, and provides a complete set of simulation tools to help IBM and its partners in pre-hardware development and performance evaluation for future systems. Currently Mambo simulates target systems on a single host thread. When the number of cores increases in a target system, Mambo's simulation performance for each core goes down. As the so-called "multi-core era" approaches, both target and host systems will have more and more cores. It is very important for Mambo to efficiently simulate a multi-core target system on a multi-core host system. Parallelization is a natural method to speed up Mambo under this situation.
Parallel Mambo (P-Mambo) is a multi-threaded implementation of Mambo. Mambo's simulation engine is implemented as a user-level thread-scheduler. We propose a multi-scheduler method to adapt Mambo's simulation engine to multi-threaded execution. Based on this method a core-based module partition is proposed to achieve both high inter-scheduler parallelism and low inter-scheduler dependency. Protection of shared resources is crucial to both correctness and performance of P-Mambo. Since there are two tiers of threads in P-Mambo, protecting shared resources by only OS-level locks possibly introduces deadlocks due to user-level context switch. We propose a new lock mechanism to handle this problem. Since Mambo is an on-going project with many modules currently under development, co-existence with new modules is also important to P-Mambo. We propose a global-lock-based method to guarantee compatibility of P-Mambo with future Mambo modules.
We have implemented the first version of P-Mambo in functional modes. The performance of P-Mambo has been evaluated on the OpenMP implementation of NAS Parallel Benchmark (NPB) 3.2 [12]. Preliminary experimental results show that P-Mambo achieves an average speedup of 3.4 on a 4-core host machine.
Letter from the chair
Authors: Sipior Janice C. , Lending Diane , Amoroso Donald L. , Shayo Conrad , Vowels Susan A. 
Published: February 2008

Happy New Year! I hope 2008 brings you health, happiness, and good cheer!

It was so good to see everyone who attended the "Seventh Annual ACM-SIGMIS Networking Reception," held as an ACM-SIGMIS event prior to the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS2007) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Thanks to those of you who attended. Please plan to attend this event next year. Mark your calendar now for Saturday, December 13, 2008, from 5:30-7:00pm, prior to ICIS2008 to be held in Paris, France, December 14-17, 2008.

Conference:
ACM-SIGMIS Computer Personnel Research 2008 (CPR2008)

Theme:
"Meeting increased demand for the next wave of Information Technology workers"

When & Where:
April 3-5, 2008, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Doctoral Consortium:
April 3, 2008

Website:
http://www.sigmis.org/Call_for_Papers_2008.pdf

For more information regarding ACM-SIGMIS CPR2008, please contact the Conference Co-Chairs:

Diane Lending, James Madison University, lendindc@jmu.edu

Chelley Vician, Michigan Tech University, cvician@mtu.edu.

For information regarding the Doctoral Consortium, please contact the Doctoral Consortium Co-Chairs:

K. D. Joshi, Washington State University, joshi@wsu.edu

Jo Ellen Moore, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, joemoor@siue.edu

The venue for next year's CPR2009 is Limerick, Ireland. Please consider sending a submission by the October 2008 deadline. For more information, contact Norah Power, University of Limerick, norah.power@ul.ie. Your participation is welcome and encouraged!
Thanks for your support of SIGMIS. Should you have any questions, suggestions, or other input, please feel free to contact any one of us.
We look forward to seeing you at ACM-SIGMIS CPR2008 in April!
Investigations on the Fe-doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as a Photoanode for Cathodic Protection of Stainless Steel
Authors: Li Jing , Yun Hong , Lin Chang-Jian 
Published: February 2008

A highly ordered Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube layer was fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of pure titanium in fluorinated electrolyte solutions containing iron ions. The structure and composition of the as-prepared TiO2 nanotubes were	characterized by SEM, XRD and UV-Vis. The Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes show a stronger absorption in the 410-650nm range. The performances of photogenerated cathodic protection and the photoelectrochemical response for the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube layers under illumination and dark conditions were evaluated	through the electrochemical measurements. It is found that the open-circuit potentials of 316 SS coupled with the Fe-doped	TiO2 nanotubes layers shift negatively under visible light irradiation (λ>400nm). It is indicated that the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes layers are able to function effectively a photogenerated cathodic protection for metals under regular	sunlight conditions.
Ionic Migration in Soldered Joints of a Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Neri Miguel A. , Carreño Caleb , Martínez Villafañe Alberto 
Published: February 2008

The terminals of an electronic device soldered to a printed circuit board by the wave process were analyzed in order to determine the causes of a short-circuit localized between these	terminals. Using the techniques of Stereoscopy and Scanninig Electron Microscopy (SEM) we identify dendrites formed between the soldered joints of such terminals. The dendrites were formed by the presence of flux wastes that came from the tin-lead solder and the presence of moisture in the printed	circuit board (PCB). When an electric field was applied to the	printed circuit board ionic migration was promoted between the solder joints of the terminals, growing tin-lead dendrites coming from the solder applied on the terminals. The dendrites grew with time until they caused a short-circuit between the soldered joints, producing system failure.
Diagnostic Markers for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Visintin Irene , Feng Ziding , Longton Gary , Ward David C. , Alvero Ayesha B. , Lai Yinglei , Tenthorey Jeannette , Leiser Aliza , Flores-Saaib Ruben , Yu Herbert , Azori Masoud , Rutherford Thomas , Schwartz Peter E. , Mor Gil 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Early detection would significantly decrease the mortality rate of ovarian cancer. In this study, we characterize and validate the combination of six serum biomarkers that discriminate between disease-free and ovarian cancer patients with high efficiency.
Experimental Design: We analyzed 362 healthy controls and 156 newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients. Concentrations of leptin, prolactin, osteopontin, insulin-like growth factor II, macrophage inhibitory factor, and CA-125 were determined using a multiplex, bead-based, immunoassay system. All six markers were evaluated in a training set (181 samples from the control group and 113 samples from OC patients) and a test set (181 sample control group and 43 ovarian cancer).
Results: Multiplex and ELISA exhibited the same pattern of expression for all the biomarkers. None of the biomarkers by themselves were good enough to differentiate healthy versus cancer cells. However, the combination of the six markers provided a better differentiation than CA-125. Four models with &lt;2% classification error in training sets all had significant improvement (sensitivity 84%-98% at specificity 95%) over CA-125 (sensitivity 72% at specificity 95%) in the test set. The chosen model correctly classified 221 out of 224 specimens in the test set, with a classification accuracy of 98.7%.
Conclusions: We describe the first blood biomarker test with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 99.4% for the detection of ovarian cancer. Six markers provided a significant improvement over CA-125 alone for ovarian cancer detection. Validation was performed with a blinded cohort. This novel multiplex platform has the potential for efficient screening in patients who are at high risk for ovarian cancer.
Targeting DCIR on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells results in antigen presentation and inhibits IFN-α production
Authors: Meyer-Wentrup Friederike , Benitez-Ribas Daniel , Tacken Paul J. , Punt Cornelis J. A. , Figdor Carl G. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractC-type lectin receptors (CLRs) fulfill multiple functions within the immune system by recognition of carbohydrate moieties on foreign or (altered) self-structures. CLRs on myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) have been well characterized as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) combining ligand internalization with complex signaling events. Much less is known about CLR expression and function in human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), the major type I interferon (IFN) producers. In this study, we demonstrate that, next to the CLR BDCA-2, human pDCs express DC immunoreceptor (DCIR), a CLR with putative immune-inhibitory function, but not dectin-1, mannose receptor, or DC-specific ICAM-3–grabbing nonintegrin. DCIR surface levels are reduced on pDC maturation after TLR9 triggering. Interestingly, DCIR triggering inhibits TLR9-induced IFN-α production while leaving up-regulation of costimulatory molecule expression unaffected. Furthermore, DCIR is readily internalized into pDCs after receptor triggering. We show that DCIR internalization is clathrin-dependent because it can be inhibited by hypertonic shock and dominant-negative dynamin. Importantly, antigens targeted to pDCs via DCIR are presented to T cells. These findings indicate that targeting DCIR on pDCs not only results in efficient antigen presentation but also affects TLR9-induced IFN-α production. Collectively, the data show that targeting of DCIR can modulate human pDC function and may be applied in disease preven-tion and treatment.
Ablation of Gata1 in adult mice results in aplastic crisis, revealing its essential role in steady-state and stress erythropoiesis
Authors: Gutiérrez Laura , Tsukamoto Saho , Suzuki Mikiko , Yamamoto-Mukai Harumi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Philipsen Sjaak , Ohneda Kinuko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe transcription factor Gata1 is expressed in several hematopoietic lineages and plays essential roles in normal hematopoietic development during embryonic stages. The lethality of Gata1-null embryos has precluded determination of its role in adult erythropoiesis. Here we have examined the effects of Gata1 loss in adult erythropoiesis using conditional Gata1 knockout mice expressing either interferon- or tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (Mx-Cre and Tx-Cre, respectively). Mx-Cre–mediated Gata1 recombination, although incomplete, resulted in maturation arrest of Gata1-null erythroid cells at the proerythroblast stage, thrombocytopenia, and excessive proliferation of megakaryocytes in the spleen. Tx-Cre–mediated Gata1 recombination resulted in depletion of the erythroid compartment in bone marrow and spleen. Formation of the early and late erythroid progenitors in bone marrow was significantly reduced in the absence of Gata1. Furthermore, on treatment with a hemolytic agent, these mice failed to activate a stress erythropoietic response, despite the rising erythropoietin levels. These results indicate that, in addition to the requirement of Gata1 in adult megakaryopoiesis, Gata1 is necessary for steady-state erythropoiesis and for erythroid expansion in response to anemia. Thus, ablation of Gata1 in adult mice results in a condition resembling aplastic crisis in human.