bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A finite element model of skin deformation. III. The finite element model
Authors: Larrabee Wayne F. , Galt J. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSkin flap design has traditionally been based on geometric models which ignore the elastic properties of skin and its subcutaneous attachments. This study reviews the theoretical and experimental mechanics of skin and soft tissues (I) and proposes a mathematical model of skin deformation based on the finite element method (III). Finite element technique facilitates the modeling of complex structures by analyzing them as an aggregate of smaller elements.This paper gives the results of an animal model developed to study the deformation and mechanical properties of skin, including its viscoelastic properties (hysteresis, creep, and stress relaxation). A new skin extensometer, constructed with digital stepper motors and controlled with a microcomputer, is described to measure these properties for both skin and its subcutaneous attachments. Deformation grids quantitated from photographs with a digitalizing tablet are presented, and computer software is introduced to standardize and analyze them (II). The mathematical model used to simulate wound closures such as the ellipse and rectangular advancement flap. In addition, a series of mathematical experiments performed to simulate deformation of a strip of skin are described; the relationships between the various elastic constants are investigated; and a comparison of these simulations with actual deformation is presented. Limitations of the model and areas for future investigation are discussed (III).
Effect of middle ear infection upon the pneumatization of the mastoid: An experimental study in pigs
Authors: Aoki Kazuhiro , Esaki Shiro , Honda Yoshio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe suppression of the temporal bone's pneumatized cavities is commonly observed in chronic middle ear inflammatory disease, but this fact has not been explained in respect to its etiology, i.e., whether the poorly pneumatized cavity induces chronic middle ear infection or middle ear inflammatory condition suppresses the pneumatization of cellulae.We studied the effect of middle ear infection and eustachian tubal dysfunction in the early stage of life upon the development of pneumatization of the mastoid using 13 pigs, whose mastoid is comparable to that of man. We used two methods, the eustachian tube stenosis test and the tympanic membrane paraffin infusion test. The present study indicated that in six pigs infection of the middle ear in the early stage of life suppressed the normal development of pneumatization of the mastoid bone in pigs.
Gaze nystagmus and blood alcoho
Authors: Goding George S. , Dobie Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty‐six patients in an emergency room (ER) setting and 159 people suspected of driving while intoxicated (DWI) had their blood alcohol concentrations estimated by the angle of onset of horizontal gaze nystagmus and confirmed by blood alcohol analysis or breathalcohol analysis (BAA) tests. In the ER group, 25/26 (96%) of legally intoxicated patients (blood alcohol concentration >.10% w/v) had an estimation consistent with intoxication. There were no cases in which the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was incorrectly estimated to be>.10% w/v in the absence of other drugs. In DWI suspects there was a correlation of .878 between estimated BAC and BAA results. Three subjects were incorrectly classified as intoxicated. No subjects with estimated BAC <.10% w/v were legally intoxicated by BAA testing. Alcohol gaze nystagmus is presented as an effective tool for estimating the BAC in pure alcoholic intoxication.
Tumor responsiveness of squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin
Authors: Stiernberg Charles M. , Valyi‐Nagy Klara , Hale Price E. , Quinn Francis B. , Bailey Byron J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe addition of chemotherapy to planned multiple modality treatment of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas may improve survival rates, but individual tumor response is unpredictable. An assay for determining tumor responsiveness to specific chemotherapeutic agents would facilitate treatment selection.This study used the subrenal capsule (SRC) assay to test responsiveness of squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin. Tumor xenografts obtained from ten patients were implanted beneath the renal capsules of control and treatment mice. Tumor responsiveness was determined by using the paired Student's l‐test to compare base‐line and post‐treatment measurements in the cisplatin‐treated mice. Results indicated six of ten tumors were sensitive to cisplatin.In conclusion, tumor sensitivity to cisplatin and other drugs may be predictable with the SRC assay, but to be clinically useful, studies will be necessary to correlate assay results with responses observed in patients.
Factors influencing parathyroid allotransplantation in rats
Authors: Friedman Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor nearly a century, researchers have sought to solve the problem of permanent hypocalcemia by allotransplanting the parathyroid glands. A thorough review of the literature revealed conflicting reports, many of which claim success but lack substantial data and sound criteria on which to base the success. At the present, there is no reproducible method of successfully transplanting parathyroid tissue to a nonimmunosuppressed host. The literature on the transplantation of other organs was reviewed in order to determine which methods might be tested on parathyroid tissue to achieve long‐term graft survival. These methods include the use of fetal tissue and treatment of the host with cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is unique in that it affects graft rejection but does not alter the nonspecific defenses of the host.Five experimental groups were established to study variables influencing successful allotransplantation. Heterogeneic, aparathyroid adult rats with calcium levels below 5.5 mg/dl were the graft recipients. Our criteria for successful parathyroid transplantation included biochemical, functional, and histologic data. Maintenance of serum calcium levels above 8.0 mg/dl was considered biochemical evidence of graft function. Excision of the graft site with the subsequent return to pregraft hypocalcemia was considered evidence of graft function. Histologic evidence of normal parathyroid tissue at the graft site was the final criterion used to prove a successful transplant. Graft failure was documented through serum calcium determinations and histologic examination of the graft site.Rats from group 1 received allotransplanted adult parathyroid glands and showed no evidence of graft function. Animals from group 2 received parathyroid allografts from newborn rats and responded with a transient rise in serum calcium levels. Group 3 rats demonstrated a short period of normocalcemia after receiving fetal parathyroid allografts. In addition to undergoing fetal parathyroid allotransplantation, the rats in group 4 were treated with a 7‐day course of cyclosporine. Calcium levels rose quickly and remained elevated for 2 weeks after cessation of cyclosporine. Calcium levels then returned to pregraft levels. Group 5 rats received continuous cyclosporine for 40 to 90 days after receiving fetal parathyroid allografts. These animals showed long‐term graft survival by biochemical, functional, and histologic analysis.
Myofacial pain dysfunction: Analysis of 476 patients
Authors: Cooper Barry C. , Alleva Michael , Cooper David L. , Lucente Frank E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMyofacial Pain Dysfunction (MPD) is a musculoskeletal dysfunction involving malrelationship among the neuromuscular system, temporomandibular joints, and dental occlusion. The illness affects children and adults of all ages and both sexes. Patients complain of pain and/or dysfunction in the mandible, temporomandibular joints, ears, oral cavity, head, and neck. Electronic measurement of mandibular movement and associated muscle function now provide reproducible data with which the parameters of this illness and therapy can be designed and monitored.In this study, data are presented on 476 MPD patients. Included are statistics on the most commonly occurring symptoms, clinical examination findings, and electronic test data before and following treatment. The mandibular kinesiograph (MKG) is used to track mandibular movement and compare the natural dental occlusal position and a neuromuscularly balanced position of occlusion. Electromyography (EMG) is used to analyze the resting status of mandibular muscles and the functioning in the occlusal position.The data show a positive correlation between the clinical symptoms of MPD and unhealthy mandibular position at occlusion, accompanied by specific unhealthy muscle activity. There is a strong positive correlation between a therapeutic change in the dental occlusion to a neuromuscularly healthy position using a precision orthotic appliance and the relief of symptoms within 1 month as expressed by 88% of the patients. A similar correlation exists at 3 months and long‐term.
Hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, chronic noise exposure: Is there synergism in cochlear pathology?
Authors: Pillsbury Harold C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to establish in laboratory animals whether a relationship exists among noise exposure, hypertension, and hyperlipoproteinemia. A discussion of the historical background leading to this work is presented. Previous investigations dealing with each of the three variables, noise, hypertension, and hyperlipoproteinemia, as they relate to hearing, are discussed. Methodology, including new methods developed during this study, will be presented. Results support the concept that a significant relationship does exist among noise, hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, and hearing loss.
Prevention of recurrent acute otitis media: Chemoprophylaxis versus tympanostomy tubes
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos , Arnold James E. , Erhardt James B. , Woody Edward A. , Pratt Steven R. , Getts Alan , Kueser Thomas J. , Kolmer John W. , Sachs Marc 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtitis media has long been recognized as one of the most common diseases of childhood. Several therapeutic modalities have been advocated for the prevention of recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (AOM). A blinded, prospective, randomized study was designed to determine the efficacy of tympanostomy tubes, antibiotic prophylaxis, and placebo. Children with recurrent AOM were entered in the study and followed for at least 6 months.A total of 65 children completed the protocol. Sixty‐three of those were under the age of 4 years. Treatment failure was defined as two or more episodes of AOM or otorrhea in less than 3 months. Five of 22 children in the tympanostomy tube group failed, compared to 12 of 20 in the placebo group (p = .02). There were 8 or 21 treatment failures in the sulfisoxazole group. Children with otitis media with effusion (OME) at the time of their initial visit had significantly less middle ear disease when treated with tympanostomy tubes.Tympanostomy tube insertion for prophylaxis of recurrent acute otitis is supported by these findings. Improvement of recurrent AOM was observed in the sulfisoxazole group, but was not statistically significant.
Choanal atresia: Clinical features, surgical approach, and long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Schwartz Michael L. , Savetsky Lawrence 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐one patients with choanal atresia were treated from 1969 to 1985. Follow‐up of 1 1/2 to 15 years postoperatively has been obtained in 17 patients.Thirteen patients had bilateral atresia and eight had unilateral atresia. All 13 patients with bilateral atresia were operated on within the first month of life. Eighteen patients were treated transnasally and two transpalatally. Ten of 15 patients treated by transnasal puncture and dilation followed by stenting of the choanae are patent after a single procedure. Five other patients, all of whom had other associated anomalies, required secondary dilations or transpalatal repair.Our results support the effectiveness of transnasal puncture and dilatation followed by stenting of the choanae as the initial surgical procedure of choice. It may be used safely in the neonate, and is often definitive.
Obstructive sleep apnea in down syndrome children: A surgical approach
Authors: Strome Marshall 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is considered in five Down syndrome children. All had altered anatomy consistent with this syndrome involving the oropharynx, cranium, and midface. Based on earlier work, it was established that, except for specific isolated instances, routine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy would not reverse obstructive respiratory patterns in this patient population.1 A modified pharyngopalatal surgical approach has been successful in alleviating upper airway sleep obstruction in Down syndrome.
Effect of life in industrialized societies on hearing in natives of easter island
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos V. , Goycoolea Hortensia G. , Rodriguez Leonardo G. , Farfan Corina R. , Martinez Gumaro C. , Vidal Ricardo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn an effort to determine whether life in industrialized societies can have an effect on hearing, 90 natives from Easter Island over 45 years old were evaluated. They underwent complete clinical and audiological assessment and were divided into groups according to those having lived only on the island or those having lived in modern civilization. With all factors being equal, except exposure to modern civilization, our results showed that living in civilized societies has a significant negative effect on hearing; the severity is directly proportional to the years of exposure. The median hearing thresholds of natives always living on the island (men and women combined) was found to be similar to those of female citizens of the United States; there was no significant difference in hearing thresholds between men and women among these natives. These results suggest that there are no significant inherent racial differences nor significant inherent differences between males and females in the sensitivity of hearing.A relationship between aging and hearing was noted and interpreted as true or intrinsic presbycusis. There were no cases of otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, or exostoses of the external ear canal among natives who had always lived on the island. Pure natives were found not to be prone to otitis media in spite of having an extremely high incidence of severe upper respiratory tract allergies.
Nevus sebaceous of jadassohn: The head and neck manifestations
Authors: Hagan Warren E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Nevus Sebaceous of Jadassohn (SNJ) is a congenitally‐occurring, hamartomatous disorder of the skin and its adnexa of infrequent occurrence. This presentation of five cases emphasizes the smooth, waxy, yellow‐brown lesion's progression into a thickened sebaceous tumor of premalignant predilection. The incidence of neoplastic degeneration of these hamartomatous nevi may be as high as 30% with the capacity of metastasis occasionally reported. Because of malignancy risks as well as cosmetic considerations, early surgical removal is recommended.Previously unreported problems of dysphagia and malnutrition secondary to pulsion diverticulum at the esophageal inlet and cleft palate, obliterative aural stenosis with associated conductive hearing loss are documented. Regardless of SNJ's occurrence as either an isolated lesion or as the fully developed syndrome, including mental retardation and epilepsy, this congenital malformation of the skin, its hair, and sebaceous glands presents rare and histologically intriguing problems for the practitioner.
The over‐projecting nasal tip: Precise reduction without rotation
Authors: Close Lanny Garth , Schaefer Steven D. , Schultz Barbara A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExcessive projection of the nasal tip is a relatively uncommon deformity, often referred to as the “Pinocchio” nose. When this unaesthetic appearance is secondary to abnormally long medial and lateral crura of the lower lateral cartilages, and when tip rotation is undesirable, surgical correction can represent a challenging problem.A simple and reproducible method via the open septorhinoplasty approach is described for correction of this deformity. In this technique, preoperative photographs are analyzed to calculate the exact length of cartilage to be excised from the medial and lateral crura. The results of this procedure are critically analyzed in six consecutive patients followed for 7 to 19 months. Based on this experience, the operation is recommended as a reliable method for correction of the over‐projecting nasal tip when minimal or no rotation is desirable.
Penetrating neck injuries during the lebanese war: Aubmc experience
Authors: Ramadan H. H. , Samara M. A. , Hamdan U. S. , Shahinian H. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring the last decade 419 patients were admitted to the American University of Beirut Medical Center with penetrating neck injuries mainly due to shrapnel. During the first 8 1/2 years of the war, all patients with wounds penetrating the platysma were explored. During the last 2 years, a more selective approach was used.
Vocal cord paralysis in postpoliomyelitis syndrome
Authors: Cannon Stephen , Ritter Frank N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPostpoliomyelitis syndrome is characterized by new neuromuscular symptoms, including weakness, developing years after recovery from acute polio. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is presented as a new manifestation of this syndrome. Other clinical features of post‐poliomyelitis syndrome in this report are discussed. The etiology of this syndrome is unknown, though attrition or immune‐mediated destruction of collateral muscular innervation appears likely. The pathologic findings include scattered individual muscle fiber atrophy as well as evidence of chronic denervation and reinnervation. This form of motor deterioration is not life‐threatening, but potentially may cause increasing disability in a large number of polio survivors. Proper supportive care of facial, laryngeal, and pharyngeal weakness is crucial in the management of these patients.
Mechanisms of endocochlear potential generation by stria vascularis
Authors: Salt Alec N. , Mleichar Ivo , Thalmann Ruediger 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the endocochlear potential (EP) of the cochlea is generated by an electrogenic transport of potassium into scala media by the marginal cells of stria vascularis. We have studied the potential and potassium concentration gradients as stria vascularis was penetrated with double‐barreled potassium selective electrodes in the guinea pig cochlea. Our data demonstrate that a region exists in stria which is positively polarized (higher than the EP), but which has a low (perilymph‐like) potassium composition. It is concluded that EP cannot be generated by the marginal cells alone but may involve passive potassium movement across the apical membranes of the basal cells. A model is presented which is consistent with many anatomical and physiological features of stria vascularis.
Cranial bone grafts for post‐traumatic facial defects
Authors: Petroff Mark A. , Burgess Lawrence P. A. , Anonsen Cynthia K. , Lau Pauline , Goode Richard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent Interest in onlay cranial bone grafts has shown it to be a preferred technique in the reconstruction of facial defects. This paper reports seven patients in whom outer table cranial bone grafts were used to reconstruct posttraumatic facial deformities. These included orbital and zygomatic deformities (2 patients), maxillary defects (2 patients), mandibular defects (2 patients), and nasal deformity (1 patient). A brief review of the development of membranous bone grafting for maxillofacial reconstruction is given. Good cosmetic results were obtained in six of seven patients with no evidence of graft resorption. One patient required removal of the graft because of inadequate soft tissue coverage. No patient suffered any significant donor site morbidity. In summary, this technique is extremely useful in treating posttraumatic bony deformities of the facial skeleton. The excellent graft survival and ease in harvesting the graft make this technique preferable to traditional endochondral grafts taken from the iliac crest and rib.
Modified lynch procedure for chronic frontal sinus diseases: Rationale, technique, and long‐term results
Authors: Neel H. Bryan , Mcdonald Thomas J. , Facer George W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe modified Lynch operation (Neel‐Lake) differs in several ways from the operation described by Lynch. The operation begins with an intranasal anterior ethmoidectomy. The agger nasi cells are removed by curetting forward between the frontal process of the maxilla and the septum. The middle turbinate, normal‐appearing mucosa of the frontal‐ethmoid complex, and frontal process of the superior maxilla are preserved. Bone removal is limited in most cases to the anterior floor of the frontal sinus, a portion of the lacrimal bone, and the bone over the anterior ethmoid cells. Another important difference is the use of soft, nonreactive material (thin Silastic® sheeting) to stent the nasal‐frontal passageway. Removal of all the mucosa of the frontal‐ethmoid‐sphenoid complex is unnecessary for a good postoperative result, and the remaining normal mucosa hastens the process of reepithelialization of the nasal‐frontal duct.The patients in our original study group have been observed for a period of 5 to 20 years (mean, 13.5 years) after the surgical procedure. This is the longest period of follow‐up for any group of patients reported in the literature. The incidence of failures increased from 7% (one duct) to 20% (3 of 15 ducts) after an additional 7 years of follow‐up.
CO2 laser treatment of oral leukoplakia
Authors: Chu Felix W. K. , Silverman Sol , Dedo Herbert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTreatment of oral leukoplakia has been disappointing with the available treatment modalities, because of inaccurate removal and an approximate 30% to 35% rate of recurrence. The CO2 laser has provided a promising new approach in the management of these lesions with very low morbidity and improved control. Twenty‐nine patients were treated with the CO2 laser for 38 extensive (from 1 × 1 cm to 6 × 8 cm) intraoral leukoplakic lesions, 28 for cure and one for palliation. Microscopically the lesions varied from hyperkeratosis to carcinoma in situ. Follow‐up of these patients ranges from 3 to 10 years, with an average of 5 years. An initial recurrence rate of 10.8% (4/37) was observed, and a 3‐year local control rate of 97% after one to two procedures. A malignant transformation rate of 2.6% was encountered. Excellent wound healing and few complications were observed with this treatment approach. Surgical technique and results are reported supporting the advantages of the CO2 laser over conventional modes of treatment in the management of oral leukoplakia.