bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THAWING METHODS ON TEXTURAL QUALITY OF SOUS‐VIDE STEWED BEEF ASSESSED BY SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSES
Authors: YAU N.J.N. , HUANG Y.J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis study compared four different thawing methods using sensory test with magnitude estimation, preference test with hedonic scale and physical analyses. The four methods were tap‐water, refrigeration, microwave reheating, and boiling‐water reheating. For physical analyses, there were differences (p≤0.001) among treatments in drip loss and expressible juice. For drip loss, the microwave reheated samples were the highest and the refrigeration and tap‐water treated samples were the lowest. For expressible juice, tap‐water and refrigerated samples were higher (p≤0.01) than the microwave and boiling‐water reheated samples. Microwave and boiling‐water reheated samples had higher hardness and cheviness and lower juiciness and fiber‐looseness. The refrigerated and tap‐water thawed samples had reverse sensory properties. Naive panelists preferred the refrigerated and tap‐water treated samples to the microwave and boiling‐water reheated samples for juiciness, tenderness, and overall preference. Physical parameters from textural profile analysis were not different among the thawing methods. Expressible juice was the best indicator for sensory hardness, juiciness, fiber‐looseness and chewiness among the physical parameters. Usually a quadratic regression model fit best when expressible juice was used to predict sensory textural properties.
BRNING TIME AND SMOKING INFLUENCE ON ACCEPTABILITY OF IDIAZABAL CHEESE
Authors: ELORTONDO F.J. PÉREZ , ALBISU M. , BARCINA Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBrining time and traditional smoking effects on sensory characteristics (appearance, odor, texture, taste and aftertaste) during ripening of Idiazabal cheese were studied in terms of acceptability. The range of brining time (12, 24 and 36 h) considered in this study showed little effect on sensory parameters. In longer brined cheeses, an improvement of rind acceptability was observed especially at the beginning of the ripening period. In young products the texture of the more salted cheese was preferred, in hard cheeses consumers preferred the less salty ones. The traditional smoking process had a greater effect on sensory parameters perceived by consumers than brining time did. It was observed that smoking had a positive influence on acceptability of rind, paste color and eyes. Smoking also increased odor and texture acceptability.
A COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS' STABILITY IN A LIME‐LEMON FLAVORED CARBONATED BEVERAGE
Authors: MALIK ATUL , JEYARANI THANGARAJ , RAGHAVAN BASHYAM 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree intense sweeteners, aspartame, acesulfame‐K and sucralose, were incorporated singly in lime‐lemon flavored carbonated beverage in optimized concentrations on a sucrose equivalence basis at controlled pH conditions. The beverages were stored for 60 days at 4, 27 and 37C and the sweetener concentration determined by HPLC. The loss of aspartame was maximum (29.5%) while that of sucralose was minimum (1.9%) at the end of 60 days' storage at 37C. In the case of acesulfame‐K, the loss was 6.1%. Sucralose was more stable than the other sweeteners.
PASTING CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE FLOUR‐BASED BATTER COMPARED TO WHEAT FLOUR‐BASED BATTER
Authors: MUKPRASIRT AMORNRAT , HERALD THOMAS J. , SEIB PAUL A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRice flour‐based batter (RFBB) formulations were developed for deep fat fried chickendrumstick application. The effects of ingredients on pasting characteristics of RFBB and wheat flour based‐batter (WFBB) were compared using the Rapid Visco‐Analyzer (RVA). Pasting properties were influenced significantly by ratios of rice to corn flour, oxidized corn starch, and methylcellulose. The peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback increased significantly as rice flour level increased, whereas increasing levels of oxidized corn starchyielded opposite results. Pasting characteristics of RFBB were significantly different from those of WFBB.
SEMIQUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS BY THIN‐LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC) OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN DRIED, SALTED AND CANNED FISH PRODUCTS
Authors: VALLS JAIME E. , BELLO RAFAEL A. , KODAIRA MAKIE S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) method was tested using dried, salted and canned fish products for the identification and semiquantification of biogenic amines: histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, tryptamine, and tyramine. The solvent system was acetone: NH4OH (95:5) on a precoated silica gel plate, and the developing reagent was 0.2% ninhydrin with 2% acetic acid in methanol. The TLC results were compared with liquid chromatography (LC). For LC levels between 6–9 mg%, TLC gave close to 5 mg%, and for samples with biogenic amines of 10–60 mg%, LC and TLC results are more similar to each other. In case of upper values (> 60 mg%) other methods have to be used or sample dilution is suggested. The proposed TLC was suitable to estimate: cadaverine (5‐40 mg%), and tyramine (10‐20 mg%) in dried salted, and cadaverine (10‐20 mg%), tryptamine (5‐10 mg%), and histamine (10‐60 mg%) in canned fish. With this TLC methodology is possible to screen samples with these amines levels, for routine quality control in laboratories.
USING GELATIN‐BASED ANTIMICROBIAL EDIBLE COATING TO PROLONG SHELF‐LIFE OF TILAPIA FILLETS
Authors: OU CHAN‐YIN , TSAY SHWU‐FEN , LAI CHIEH‐HSIEN , WENG YIH‐MING 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Skinless tilapia (Dreochromis niloticus x D. aureus) fillets were covered with a gelatin coating containing benzoic acid as an antimicrobial agent. Benzoic acid content of fish fillets was used to estimate the amount of gelatin coated on fillet surface, and it was found that the gelatin contents were between 16.3 mg and 17.3 mg per g of fillets. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial loads, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents, and sensory evaluation were used as indicators to survey the feasibility of an antimicrobial gelatin coating to prolong the shelf‐life of tilapia fillets under refrigeration. After 7 days of storage under refrigeration, tilapia fillets coated with gelatin containing benzoic acid had acceptable VBN contents, increased moderately in microbial loads, and showed no significant sensory difference (P < 0.05) from fresh fillets. The results indicate that an antimicrobial gelatin coating is suitable for preservation of tilapia fillets.
EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON QUALITY OF MECHANICALLY EXTRACTED JONAH CRAB (CANCER BOREALIS) MINCE DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE1
Authors: GILLMAN BARBARA L. , SKONBERG DENISE I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractResearch was conducted to determine yield and composition of mechanically separated Jonah crab mince prepared from processing discards and to evaluate effects of different additives on the chemical and microbiological quality of the mince. The following additives were used: 2% or 5% dried rosemary (with or without 2% lactic acid), 400 ppm and 800 ppm diacetyl (with or without 2% lactic acid), 2% sodium lactate, and a control (with or without 2% lactic acid). The eleven treatments were stored at 5C for 8 days, and periodically subjected to total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and microbial analyses. Lactic acid, 400 ppm and 880 ppm diacetyl, and sodium lactate were effective in inhibiting TVBN and TBA production. Sodium lactate, 5% rosemary and 800 ppm diacetyl had the highest antimicrobial activity. Combinations of additives are recommended to improve different aspects of crab mince quality during refrigerated storage.
FRUIT QUALITY OF COLD STORED SWEET CHERRIES INFESTED WITH CODLING MOTH
Authors: HANSEN J.D. , DRAKE S.R. , SIMMONS G.F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), infestation on the quality of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L., fruit was studied. Each cherry was infested with one first instar codling moth and held at 3.3C for 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days. After cold storage, fruits were maintained at 25C and observed periodically for damage using a visual scale from 0 as no damage, to 9 as complete destruction. Two groups of ‘Bing’ cherries were examined, one from an organically grown orchard and the other from a commercial orchard with conventional chemical control. Uninfested fruits maintained quality for one month at 25C whereas infested fruits had a damage rating of 2 by the fifth day. Infested organic fruits deteriorated faster than the conventional cherries. Larvae were often not detected because of fruit deterioration and fungal contamination. Fruit quality deterioration due to codling moth infestation is an important component of the Systems Approach for quarantine security for cherries exported to Japan. Infested fruit would rapidly deteriorate as the result of decay and be culled at time of packing.
FORCED‐AIR COOLING AFTER AIR‐SHIPMENT DELAYS ASPARAGUS DETERIORATION
Authors: LAURIN E. , NUNES M.C.N. , EMOND J‐P. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTAsparagus (cv. Locullus) was stored at 20C for 20 h to simulate time delays and temperature typically encountered during air‐shipment operations. After that period, asparagus were immediately forced‐air cooled at 1C, or room cooled at 1C or 10C, or stored at 20C to simulate different facility conditions usually available at the airports. The objective of this work was to determine which cooling method should be applied to limit the degradation of asparagus after a temperature abuse during ground and in‐flight operations. Forced‐air cooled asparagus gained in average one to three days of shelf‐life when compared to room cooled asparagus at 1C and 10C, and five to seven days when compared with asparagus stored at 20C. Results from this study illustrate that whenever a load of warm asparagus arrives to the airport facilities a forced‐air cooling treatment at 1C may be applied to delay product deterioration without causing chilling injury symptoms.
Mercury in Geologic Reference Samples
Authors: FLANAGAN Francis J. , MOORE Roosevelt , ARUSCAVAGE Philip J. 
Published: May 2007

The mercury contents of 109 reference samples of 12 organizations have been determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The homogeneity of mercury in the six USGS samples issued in 1964 was tested twice, a year apart, using unopened bottles of samples. The analysis of variance of these data in the form of a design with a single variable of classification showed that the mercury contents of the 12 sets can be considered homogeneous at F0.95 and that 10 of these sets can be considered homogeneous at F0.90, a more stringent test.Data for other reference samples were generally obtained using Youden Squares. This experimental design was used so that we could determine the significance of the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined, to the order in which the determinations were made on the several days, and to the mercury contents of the samples in each design. For the latter, one may assume that the mercury contents of samples will differ and that a significant F ratio may be obtained. For the principal variable of classification, the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined was significant for only 1 of 9 analyses of variance of sets of data but we have not been able to explain the cause of the significance.The mercury contents of the several types of samples, except for micas, dunites, and perhaps the granodiorites, depend on the origin of the samples. The mercury contents of ande‐sites and basalts of continental origin are higher than those for similar samples originating in island arcs or the circum‐Pacific belt. We conclude that the high and extremely variable mercury content of W‐1 is probably due to mercury resulting from the use of mercury fulminate detonators in the quarry prior to the collection of the sample.
Estimation of Material Variation In Powdered Materials
Authors: ELLIS P.J. , VENTER J.H. , STEELE T.W. 
Published: May 2007

Measures of material variation (state of homogeneity) for reference materials of powdered rocks, minerals, and ores are examined critically.It is shown that the customary analysis of variance concluding with the F‐test is not a satisfactory method for the analysis of the analytical data obtained in a homogeneity experiment. It is argued that an estimation approach is more appropriate.Examples are given of values calculated from reference‐material data, together with an explanation of how the results can be interpreted.
Elemental Concentrations In Japanese Silicate Rock Standards: A Comparison With The Literature
Authors: SIMS K. W. , GLADNEY E. S. , LUNDSTROM C. , BOWER N. W. 
Published: May 2007

Data on seventeen Japanese geochemical reference samples are presented. Ten major and twenty‐three trace element concentrations as well as the H2O + and H2O‐ were determined using x‐ray fluorescence, colorimetry, coulometry and instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis. Error bars for the methods as well as information on some elements not previously published are presented. Good agreement was generally obtained with the recently published values of Ando.Dix éléments majeurs et vingt éléments en traces ainsi que H2O+ et H2O‐ ont été dosés dans 17 échantillons de référence du Service Géologique du Japon. Les méthodes employées sont la spectrométrie de fluorescence‐X, la coulométrie, la colorimétrie et l'activation neutronique thermique. En générale, un accord favorable est obtenu avec les valeurs publiées.
Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) Detection: Comparison of Two Molecular Methods (IDI-MRSA PCR Assay and GenoType MRSA Direct PCR Assay) with Three Selective MRSA Agars (MRSA ID, MRSA
Select
, and CHROMagar MRSA) for Use with Infection-Control Swabs
Authors: van Hal S. J. , Stark D. , Lockwood B. , Marriott D. , Harkness J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is an increasing problem. Rapid detection of MRSA-colonized patients has the potential to limit spread of the organism. We evaluated the sensitivities and specificities of MRSA detection by two molecular methods (IDI-MRSA PCR assay and GenoType MRSA Direct PCR assay) and three selective MRSA agars (MRSA ID, MRSA
Select
, and CHROMagar MRSA), using 205 (101 nasal, 52 groin, and 52 axillary samples) samples from consecutive known MRSA-infected and/or -colonized patients. All detection methods had higher MRSA detection rates for nasal swabs than for axillary and groin swabs. Detection of MRSA by IDI-MRSA was the most sensitive method, independent of the site (94% for nasal samples, 80% for nonnasal samples, and 90% overall). The sensitivities of the GenoType MRSA Direct assay and the MRSA ID, MRSA
Select
, and CHROMagar MRSA agars with nasal swabs were 70%, 72%, 68%, and 75%, respectively. All detection methods had high specificities (95 to 99%), independent of the swab site. Extended incubation for a further 24 h with selective MRSA agars increased the detection of MRSA, with a corresponding decline in specificity secondary to a significant increase in false-positive results. There was a noticeable difference in test performance of the GenoType MRSA Direct assay in detection of MRSA (28/38 samples [74%]) compared with detection of nonmultiresistant MRSA (17/31 samples [55%]) (susceptible to two or more non-β-lactam antibiotics). This was not observed with selective MRSA agar plates or IDI-MRSA. Although it is more expensive, in addition to rapid turnaround times of 2 to 4 h, IDI-MRSA offers greater detection of MRSA colonization, independent of the swab site, than do conventional selective agars and GenoType MRSA Direct.
Development and Evaluation of a Test for Tuberculosis in Live European Badgers (Meles meles) Based on Measurement of Gamma Interferon mRNA by Real-Time PCR
Authors: Sawyer J. , Mealing D. , Dalley D. , Davé D. , Lesellier S. , Palmer S. , Bowen-Davies J. , Crawshaw T. R. , Chambers M. A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTA real-time PCR assay for the measurement of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA in European badger (Meles meles) blood cultures was developed. The levels of IFN-γ mRNA in blood cultures stimulated with either bovine or avian tuberculin or specific mycobacterial antigens were compared with those in a nonstimulated control blood culture as the basis for determining the tuberculosis (TB) status of live badgers. The assay was validated by testing 247 animals for which there were matching data from postmortem examination and culture of tissues. Relative changes in the levels of IFN-γ mRNA in response to bovine tuberculin and specific antigens were found to be greater among badgers with tissues positive for TB on culture. The test was at its most accurate (87% of test results were correct) by using blood cultures containing bovine tuberculin as the antigen and when the response to avian tuberculin was taken into account by subtracting the avian tuberculin response from the bovine tuberculin response. At a specificity of 90.7%, the test was 70.6% sensitive. At the same specificity, the current serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for TB in badgers was only 53% sensitive. This work demonstrates that measurement of IFN-γ mRNA by real-time PCR is a valid method for the detection of TB in live badgers and may provide an alternative to the current serological methods of diagnosis, the Brock test. The testing procedure can be completed within 5 h of receipt of the blood culture samples. In addition, the use of a molecular biology-based test offers the potential to fully automate the testing procedure through the use of robotics.
New Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Markers for TypingMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisandM. aviumStrains: Comparison with IS900and IS1245Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing
Authors: Thibault Virginie C. , Grayon Maggy , Boschiroli Maria Laura , Hubbans Christine , Overduin Pieter , Stevenson Karen , Gutierrez Maria Cristina , Supply Philip , Biet Franck 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, affects a wide range of domestic ruminants and has been suggested to be involved in Crohn's disease in humans. Most available methods for identifying and differentiating strains of this difficult species are technically demanding and have limited discriminatory power. Here, we report the identification of novel PCR-based typing markers consisting of variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) of genetic elements called mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs). Eight markers were applied to 183M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisisolates from bovine, caprine, ovine, cervine, leporine, and human origins from 10 different countries and to 82 human isolates of the closely related speciesM. aviumfrom France. Among theM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisisolates, 21 patterns were found by MIRU-VNTR typing, with a discriminatory index of 0.751. The predominant R01 IS900restriction fragment length polymorphism type, comprising 131 isolates, was divided into 15 MIRU-VNTR types. Among the 82M. aviumisolates, the eight MIRU-VNTR loci distinguished 30 types, none of which was shared byM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisisolates, resulting in a discriminatory index of 0.889. Our results suggest that MIRU-VNTR typing is a fast typing method that, in combination with other methods, might prove to be optimal for PCR-based molecular epidemiological studies ofM. avium/M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosispathogens. In addition, presumably identicalM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis316F vaccine strains originating from the Weybridge laboratory and from different commercial batches from Mérial actually differed by one or both typing methods. These results indicate a substantial degree of genetic drift among different vaccine preparations, which has important implications for prophylactic approaches.
Monitoring the Antiviral Effect of Alpha Interferon on Individual Cells
Authors: Kim Chon Saeng , Jung Jong Ha , Wakita Takaji , Yoon Seung Kew , Jang Sung Key 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

An infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) cDNA clone (JFH1) was generated recently. However, quantitative analysis of HCV infection and observation of infected cells have proved to be difficult because the yield of HCV in cell cultures is fairly low. We generated infectious HCV clones containing the convenient reporters green fluorescent protein (GFP) and
Renilla
luciferase in the NS5a-coding sequence. The new viruses responded to antiviral agents in a dose-dependent manner. Responses of individual cells containing HCV to alpha interferon (IFN-α) were monitored using GFP-tagged HCV and time-lapse confocal microscopy. Marked variations in the response to IFN-α were observed among HCV-containing cells.
Brain tumours and exposure to pesticides: a case–control study in southwestern France
Authors: Provost Dorothée , Cantagrel Anne , Lebailly Pierre , Jaffré Anne , Loyant Véronique , Loiseau Hugues , Vital Anne , Brochard Patrick , Baldi Isabelle 
Published: May 2007

Background:Brain tumours are often disabling and rapidly lethal; their aetiology is largely unknown. Among potential risk factors, pesticides are suspected.Objective:To examine the relationship between exposure to pesticides and brain tumours in adults in a population-based case–control study in southwestern France.Methods:Between May 1999 and April 2001, 221 incident cases of brain tumours and 442 individually matched controls selected from the general population were enrolled. Histories of occupational and environmental exposures, medical and lifestyle information were collected. A cumulative index of occupational exposure to pesticides was created, based on expert review of lifelong jobs and tasks. Separate analyses were performed for gliomas and meningiomas.Results:A non-statistically significant increase in risk was found for brain tumours when all types of occupational exposure to pesticides were considered (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.91) and slightly higher but still non-statistically significant when gliomas were considered separately (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.66). In the highest quartile of the cumulative index, a significant association was found for brain tumours (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.23) and for gliomas (OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.13 to 9.11), but not for meningiomas. A significant increase in risk was also seen for the treatment of home plants (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.30) owing to environmental exposure to pesticides.Conclusions:These data suggest that a high level of occupational exposure to pesticides might be associated with an excess risk of brain tumours, and especially of gliomas.
The mitochondrial genome structure of the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
Authors: Wu Xiaobing , Zheng Tao , Jiang Zhigang , Wei Lei 
Published: May 2007

The complete 16 844 bp mitochondrial genome of Neofelis nebulosa has been sequenced and compared with the complete mitochondrial genomes of Felis catus and the Acinonyx jubatus . The base composition of the mitochondrial genome of N. nebulosa is as follows: A, 5343 bp (31.7%); C, 4441 bp (26.4%); G, 2491 bp (14.8%); T, 4569 bp (27.1%). The genome complement and the gene order of this mitochondrial genome was found to be typical of those reported for other mammals. Several unusual features of this genome, however, were found. First, in protein-coding regions, AT bias in the genome was not prevalent in the third position of codons, as it is in most other mammals, but was found in the second position of codons. Second, in tRNA regions, tRNASer (AGY), which lacked the “DHU” arm, could not be folded into the typical cloverleaf-shaped structure. Third, in the control region, no repetitive sequences (RS)-2 were found. However, RS-2 repetitive motifs usually occurr in the control regions of most great cats. In addition, 4 variable sites were found in CSB-3 of the control region. Fourth, AT content in the control region of the mtDNA from the clouded leopard was lower than it is in other regions.