bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full counting statistics of interacting electrons
Authors: Bagrets D.A. , Utsumi Y. , Golubev D.S. , Schön G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn order to fully characterize the noise associated with electron transport, with its severe consequences for solid‐state quantum information systems, the theory of full counting statistics has been developed. It accounts for correlation effects associated with the statistics and effects of entanglement, but it remains a non‐trivial task to account for interaction effects. In this article we present two examples: we describe electron transport through quantum dots with strong charging effects beyond perturbation theory in the tunneling, and we analyze current fluctuations in a diffusive interacting conductor.
Experimental quantum secret sharing
Authors: Schmid Ch. , Trojek P. , Gaertner S. , Bourennane M. , Kurtsiefer Ch. , Zukowski M. , Weinfurter H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe consider two simple and practical protocols for multiparty communication and show their experimental realization. These protocols deal with the task of secret sharing in which a secret message is split among several parties in a way that its reconstruction requires their mutual collaboration. In the presented schemes the parties solve the problem by two different approaches: The first uses as a resource the multiqubit entangled state |Π4‐〉. As no interferometric setups are required here, contrary to known schemes, involving Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states, its implementation is simpler and more stable. In the second scheme only sequential transformations on a single qubit are used. This further tremendously simplifies the method, makes it scalable with regard to the number of participating partners and above all, technologically comparable to quantum key distribution.
Free space quantum key distribution: Towards a real life application
Authors: Weier H. , Schmitt‐Manderbach T. , Regner N. , Kurtsiefer Ch. , Weinfurter H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) [1] is the first method of quantum information science that will find its way into our everyday life. It employs fundamental laws of quantum physics to ensure provably secure symmetric key generation between two parties. The key can then be used to encrypt and decrypt sensitive data with unconditional security. Here, we report on a free space QKD implementation using strongly attenuated laser pulses over a distance of 480 m. It is designed to work continuously without human interaction. Until now, it produces quantum keys unattended at night for more than 12 hours with a sifted key rate of more than 50 kbit/s and a quantum bit error rate between 3% and 5%.
Detecting neutral atoms on an atom chip
Authors: Wilzbach M. , Haase A. , Schwarz M. , Heine D. , Wicker K. , Liu X. , Brenner K.‐H. , Groth S. , Fernholz Th. , Hessmo B. , Schmiedmayer J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDetecting single atoms (qubits) is a key requirement for implementing quantum information processing on an atom chip. The detector should ideally be integrated on the chip. Here we present and compare different methods capable of detecting neutral atoms on an atom chip. After a short introduction to fluorescence and absorption detection we discuss cavity enhanced detection of single atoms. In particular we concentrate on optical fiber based detectors such as fiber cavities and tapered fiber dipole traps. We discuss the various constraints in building such detectors in detail along with the current implementations on atom chips. Results from experimental tests of fiber integration are also described. In addition we present a pilot experiment for atom detection using a concentric cavity to verify the required scaling.
Quantum information processing in optical lattices and magnetic microtraps
Authors: Treutlein P. , Steinmetz T. , Colombe Y. , Lev B. , Hommelhoff P. , Reichel J. , Greiner M. , Mandel O. , Widera A. , Rom T. , Bloch I. , Hänsch TheodorW. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe review our experiments on quantum information processing with neutral atoms in optical lattices and magnetic microtraps. Atoms in an optical lattice in the Mott insulator regime serve as a large qubit register. A spin‐dependent lattice is used to split and delocalize the atomic wave functions in a controlled and coherent way over a defined number of lattice sites. This is used to experimentally demonstrate a massively parallel quantum gate array, which allows the creation of a highly entangled many‐body cluster state through coherent collisions between atoms on neighbouring lattice sites. In magnetic microtraps on an atom chip, we demonstrate coherent manipulation of atomic qubit states and measure coherence lifetimes exceeding one second at micron‐distance from the chip surface. We show that microwave near‐fields on the chip can be used to create state‐dependent potentials for the implementation of a quantum controlled phase gate with these robust qubit states. For single atom detection and preparation, we have developed high finesse fiber Fabry‐Perot cavities and integrated them on the ato m chip. We present an experiment in which we detected a very small number of cold atoms magnetically trapped in the cavity using the atom chip.
Genetics and evidence for an esterase‐associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Sayyed Ali H , Wright Denis J 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBioassays (at generation G2) with a newly collected field population (designated CH3) of Plutella xylostella L. from farmers' fields in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, indicated resistance ratios of 813‐, 79‐, 171‐, 498‐ and 1285‐fold for indoxacarb, fipronil, spinosad, deltamethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac respectively compared with a laboratory susceptible population (Lab‐UK). At G2 the field‐derived population was divided into two subpopulations: one was selected (G2 to G7) with indoxacarb (indoxa‐SEL), while the second was left unselected (UNSEL). A significant reduction in the resistance ratio for each compound was observed in UNSEL at G8. For indoxa‐SEL, bioassays at G8 found that selection with indoxacarb gave a resistance ratio of 2594 compared with Lab‐UK and of 90 compared with UNSEL. The toxicity of fipronil, spinosad and deltamethrin was not significantly different in indoxa‐SEL at G8 compared with G2 but was significantly greater than UNSEL at G8. The toxicity of Cry1Ac was significantly reduced in indoxa‐SEL at G8 compared with G2 but was also significantly greater than UNSEL at G8. This suggests that indoxacarb selection maintained resistance to these compounds in the indoxa‐SEL population. Synergist studies indicated that resistance to indoxacarb in indoxa‐SEL was esterase associated. Logit regression analysis of F1 reciprocal crosses between indoxa‐SEL and Lab‐UK indicated that resistance to indoxacarb was inherited as an autosomal, incompletely recessive (DLC = 0.35) trait. Tests of monogenic inheritance suggested that resistance to indoxacarb was controlled by a single locus. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Behavioural response of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae to selected plant extracts
Authors: Gökçe Ayhan , Isaacs Rufus , Whalon Mark E 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPotato leaves were treated with 2, 20 or 200 g kg−1 solutions of extracts of five plant species collected in Turkey, and then exposed to larvae of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). During the first 24 h of exposure, leaf consumption was not affected by 2 g kg−1 extracts, whereas significantly more leaf tissue remained on leaves treated with 20 g kg−1 extracts of Arctium lappa L., Bifora radians M Bieb, Humulus lupulus L. or Xanthium strumarium L. than on untreated control leaves. Feeding was not affected by the 20 g kg−1 extract of Verbascum songaricum Schrenk ex Fisch & Mey. Extracts of all species at 200 g kg−1 reduced larval feeding, with H. lupulus and X. strumarium providing the greatest protection. Observations of larval behaviour over the first 15 min of exposure to these extracts revealed that the interaction of beetles with leaf tissue was significantly affected by plant extracts. Feeding frequency was not affected by 2 g kg−1 extracts but was reduced by all higher concentrations. Feeding was inhibited completely by 20 g kg−1 of H. lupulus extract and reduced significantly compared with the controls by all other extracts. Suppression of feeding was caused by all extracts at 200 g kg−1, with V. songaricum providing 91% reduction in feeding duration. Rejection behaviour, in which larvae did not return to the leaf after their interaction with it, was rare on 2 g kg−1 extracts but seen in over 60% of larvae on 20 g kg−1 extracts and over 80% on 200 g kg−1 extracts. The present results demonstrate that these extracts have significant ability to protect potato leaves for up to 24 h by prevention of feeding behaviour by L. decemlineata. Further studies are needed to determine the potential of these plant extracts, or their active components, for use in biologically based pest management strategies. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoconductivity of crystalline molecular complex of fullerene C60 with amine LCV
Authors: Golovin Yu. I. , Lopatin D. V. , Rodaev V. V. , Konarev D. V. , Litvinov A. L. , Lyubovskaya R. N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA molecular complex of fullerene C60 with amine LCV: LCV · C60 · C6H5Cl was studied. A comparative analysis of the photoconductivity spectrum allowed to reveal possible mechanisms of generating free charge carriers in LCV · C60 · C6H5Cl. The influence of a weak magnetic field on the photoconductivity of the compound was observed and a model taking into account the spin nature of this effect was proposed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural evolution of subnano platinum clusters
Authors: Nie Aihua , Wu Jinping , Zhou Chenggang , Yao Shujuan , Luo Chen , Forrey Robert C. , Cheng Hansong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of the structural evolution of small minimum energy platinum clusters, using density functional theory (DFT). Three growth pathways were identified. At the subnanoscale, clusters with triangular packing are energetically most favorable. At a cluster size of approximately n = 19, a structural transition from triangular clusters to icosahedral clusters occurs. A less energetically favorable transition from triangular clusters to fcc‐like clusters takes place at around n = 38. Ionization potentials, electron affinities, and magnetic moments of the triangular clusters were also calculated. Understanding the structures and properties will facilitate studies of the chemical reactivity of Pt nanoclusters toward small molecules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Theoretical investigation of the tautomerism of isoorotic acid in gaseous and aqueous phases
Authors: Cho Seung Joo , Mohamed Adel A. , Elroby Shaaban A. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the present investigation, the tautomeric and conformational equilibrium of isoorotic acid have been studied using Møller–Plesset second‐order (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) methods in the gas phase and aqueous solution (ε = 78.5) using the IPCM model. The relative energies of these tautomers have been calculated at the two levels of theory using 6‐311++G** basis set. Energetics and relative stabilities of the tautomers were compared and analyzed in both the gaseous and aqueous phases. The results indicate that the diketo tautomer (iso) is the most stable form in the gas phase and water. The carboxylic substitution in the uracil ring does not alter its relative stability order of the tautomers. The proton affinity of the oxygen atoms and the deprotonation enthalpy of the NH bonds of isoorotic acid have been compared with recent data of uracil. The relative stability of both syn‐ and anti‐conformations was investigated and the syn form was found to be more stable by 17.65 kcal/mol. It was determined in ab initio calculations that an electron can attach to isoorotic acid, forming a stable anion better than uracil. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
DFT study of core‐modified porphyrin isomers
Authors: Soujanya Y. , Punnagai M. , Sateesh B. , Sastry G. Narahari 
Published: August 2006

AbstractB3LYP/6‐311+G** calculations were performed systematically on 1,2 (syn) and 1,3 (anti) tautomeric forms of oxa‐ and thia‐ core‐modified porphyrin isomers, which resulted in a total of 86 structures. The structural and energetic variation in all the isomers were analyzed. In corrphycene, hemiporphycene and porphycene the Z forms are more stable compared to the corresponding E forms in both the anti and syn oxa‐ and thiaporphyrin isomers. In contrast, in the syn isomeric forms of [3.0.1.0], [3.1.0.0] and [4.0.0.0] oxaporphyrins and in both syn and anti forms of thiaporphyrin isomers, Z forms are less stable. The HOMO and LUMO values are both negative and varied in a narrow zone, indicating no dramatic effect on the position of heteroatom substitution on the redox properties. The effect of geometric constraints due to the alteration of meso‐bridge length and the hetero atom disposition in the porphyrin core on the relative stabilities of the isomers is analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Simple yet powerful techniques for optimization of horizontal recursion steps in Gaussian‐type two‐electron integral evaluation algorithms
Authors: Makowski Marcin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSimple heuristic rules are given that allow optimization of the performance of horizontal recursion steps present in schemes for calculation of two electron integrals are given. The number of floating point operations and computer timings are compared with the other algorithmic approaches to the problem. It is shown that the presented rules lead to substantial computational savings when compared with the standard implementation and may be also used succesfully instead of the algorithms based on full tree search techniques. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Zugversteifte Bogentragwerke
Authors: Burford Neil , Gengnagel Christoph , Smith Fraser 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDie Entwicklung zugversteifter Bogentragwerke zu einem der wichtigsten Konstruktionselemente des Leichtbaus vollzieht sich in zwei Schritten. Dem ersten vielfältigen Einsatz bei der Realisierung der beeindruckenden weitgespannten Eisenkonstruktionen der großen Bahnsteighallen Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts folgte die Wiederentdeckung und Weiterentwicklung dieser materialsparsamen Konstruktionsweise in größerem Umfang erst gegen Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Neue leistungsfähige Werkstoffe und die Möglichkeit der präzisen Erfassung des geometrisch‐nichtlinearen Tragverhaltens sehr schlanker Bogentragwerke durch die FE‐Methode ermöglichen seitdem Entwurf und Realisierung immer neuer Varianten von zugversteiften Bogentragwerken. Die Darstellung der geschichtlichen Entwicklung, eine Zusammenfassung der bekannten Systeme in einer strukturierten Darstellung und eine vergleichende Analyse ihres Tragverhaltens sollen einen Überblick über diese Vielfalt vermitteln und eine Orientierungshilfe für Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung geben.
Session‐long modulations of accumbal firing during sucrose‐reinforced operant behavior
Authors: Kravitz Alexxai V. , Moorman David E. , Simpson Alexis , Peoples Laura L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens is involved in the selection and expression of motivated behaviors. Attempts to understand how activity of single neurons in the accumbens relates to behavior have largely concentrated on brief modulations in accumbal firing that occur in the seconds around events during operant sessions. However, a small number of studies have reported modulations that last the entire duration of a behavioral session. In all of these reports, the operant session was a drug self‐administration session. The present study tested the hypothesis that session‐long modulations, like phasic firing patterns, are components of normal accumbal activity during periods of instrumental behavior. Eight rats were chronically implanted (unilaterally) with microwire arrays in the nucleus accumbens, and trained to lever press on a Fixed‐Ratio 1 schedule of sucrose reinforcement. Activity of 51 single units was recorded, and both session‐long increases (n = 14) and session‐long decreases (n = 13) were observed. These findings show that session‐long modulations are a normal component of the response of accumbal neurons during periods of operant behavior. Moreover, although session‐long modulations during cocaine self‐administration sessions might reflect pharmacological actions, aspects of the modulations might additionally or alternatively correspond to afferent‐driven responses. Further characterization of the firing patterns may elucidate novel mechanisms that mediate accumbal contributions to behavior. Synapse 60:420–428, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eliminating obstetric fistula: Progress in partnerships
Authors: Donnay F. , Ramsey K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObstetric fistula persists in the developing world due to poor access to obstetric care. It has been overlooked in the past, as the women suffering from fistula often live on the fringe of society due to their poverty and the stigma surrounding the condition. A global Campaign to End Fistula is bringing a variety of actors together to raise awareness and support to prevent fistula and provide comprehensive treatment for women living with fistula. This paper describes the strategies and progress of the campaign since it began in 2003.
Home‐based therapy for oedematous malnutrition with ready‐to‐use therapeutic food
Authors: Ciliberto Michael A. , Manary Mark J. , Ndekha MacDonald J. , Briend Andre , Ashorn Per 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground: Standard recommendations are that children with oedematous malnutrition receive inpatient therapy with a graduated feeding regimen. Aim: To investigate exclusive home‐based therapy for children with oedematous malnutrition. Methods: Children with oedematous malnutrition, good appetite and no complications were treated at home with ready‐to‐use therapeutic food (RUTF) and followed up fortnightly for up to 8 wk. Setting and participants: 219 children aged 1–5 y with oedema enrolled in one of two therapeutic nutritional studies in Malawi in 2003–2004. Results: The overall recovery rate was 83% (182/219), and the case‐fatality rate was 5% (11/219). For children with wasting and oedematous malnutrition, 65% (55/85) recovered and 7% (6/85) died. The average weight gain was 2.8±3.2 g/kg/d (mean±SD).Conclusion: This preliminary observation suggests that children with oedematous malnutrition and good appetite may be successfully treated with home‐based therapy; a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate this is warranted.
Plasma long‐chain fatty acids and the degree of obesity in Italian children
Authors: Scaglioni Silvia , Verduci Elvira , Salvioni Michela , Bruzzese Maria Grazia , Radaelli Giovanni , Zetterström Rolf , Riva Enrica , Agostoni Carlo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Aim: To examine whether the plasma levels of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) are associated with the degree of obesity in children. Methods: Sixty‐seven normolipidaemic obese children, aged 8–12 y, and 67 age‐ and sex‐matched normal‐weight children were included in the study. Obesity was defined in accordance with the International Obesity Task Force. BMI z‐scores were calculated. Fasting blood samples were analysed for insulin, glucose, lipid profile and fatty acid (FA) levels (expressed as % total FA). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Results: Compared with normal‐weight children, obese children exhibited lower mean plasma total PUFA (37.8% vs 39.7%), ω‐6 PUFAs (35.0% vs 36.8%) and C22:6 ω‐3‐to‐C18:3 ω‐3 ratio (5.52 vs 7.61), and higher total monounsaturated FA (26.6% vs 25.0%), C18:3 ω‐3 (0.28% vs 0.25%) and C20:5 ω‐3 (0.45% vs 0.39%). In obese children, the BMI z‐score was negatively related to plasma PUFA, ω‐3 PUFAs, C22:6 ω‐3, and the C22:6 ω‐3‐to‐C20:6 ω‐6 and C22:6 ω‐3‐to‐C18:3 ω‐3 ratios, and positively with total saturated FA and C20:3 ω‐9.Conclusion: In obese children, plasma LC‐PUFA profile may be associated with the degree of obesity.
OSIRIS: a tool for retrieving literature about sequence variants
Authors: Bonis Julio , Furlong Laura Inés , Sanz Ferran 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Summary: Sequence variants, in particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are key elements for the identification of genes associated with complex diseases and with particular drug responses. The search for literature about sequence variation is hampered by the large number of allelic variants reported for many genes and by the variability in both gene and sequence variants nomenclatures. We describe OSIRIS, a search tool that integrates different sources of information with the aim to retrieve literature about sequence variation of a gene. In addition, it provides a method to link a dbSNP entry with the articles referring to it.
Availability: OSIRIS is available for public use at
Contact: fsanz@imim.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sebida: a database for the functional and evolutionary analysis of genes with sex-biased expression
Authors: Gnad Florian , Parsch John 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Summary: We describe Sebida, a database of genes with sex-biased expression. The database integrates results from multiple, independent microarray studies comparing male and female gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans and Anopheles gambiae. Sebida uses standard nomenclature, which allows individual genes to be compared across different microarray platforms and to be queried by gene name, symbol, or annotation number. In addition to ratios of male/female expression for each gene, Sebida also contains information useful for evolutionary studies, such as local recombination rate, degree of codon bias and interspecific divergence at synonymous and non-synonymous sites.
Availability: Sebida can be accessed at
Contact: gnad@biochem.mpg.de