bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of serum hyaluronic acid as a fibrosis marker in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon‐α: Histological evaluation by a modified histological activity index scoring system
Authors: NINOMIYA TOSHIAKI , YOON SEITETSU , HAYASHI YOSHITAKE , SUGANO MASAHIKO , KUMON YOSHIKO , SEO YASUSHI , SHIMIZU KEIICHI , KASUGA MASATO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological changes effected by interferon (IFN) treatment and to evaluate the clinical significance of serum hyaluronic acid (HA) as a marker of fibrosis. Forty‐nine patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN‐α were divided into three groups according to the existence of viraemia: sustained complete responders (CR), complete responders with relapse (PR) and non‐responders (NR). Needle biopsy sections of the liver taken before and at the end of IFN treatment were assessed according to the modified histological activitindex (HAI) scoring system. Serum fibrosis markers, including HA, were measured at needle biopsies. Biopsies of CR at the end of treatment showed a significant improvement in fibrosis and necroinflammatory scores. More significant correlation was observed between fibrosis scores and serum levels of HA before IFN treatment (r= 0.607, P < 0.0001) than those between fibrosis scores, on the one hand, and pepride of type III procollagen (PIIIP; r= 0.531, P= 0.0004) or type IV collagen 7S domain (type IV‐C; r= 0.241, P= 0.1062) on the other. Moreover, serum HA levels fell significantly in patients in whom fibrosis improved (P= 0.011). This is the first paper describing the advantages of the modified HAI scoring system over others in estimating the effect of IFN‐α; the results also indicate that serum HA can be useful in monitoring liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN‐α.
Bile acids influence hepatic chemiluminescence in normal and oxidative‐stressed rats†
Authors: NAKASHIMA TOSHIAKI , MATSUMOTO NINKO , NAKAJIMA YOSHIKI , ISHIKAWA HIROKI , MITSUYOSHI HIRONORI , INABA KOJI , SAKAI MOTONARI , SAKAMOTO YOSHIKUNI , MATSUMOTO MASAYUKI , SHIMA TOSHIHIDE , KASHIMA KEI , KITAYOSHI TADAHITO , SHIMAMOTO NORIO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to clarify whether bile acids influence chemiluminescence (CL) in the liver in vivo. Hepatic CL was determined on the surface of the liver of anaesthetized rats by using a photon counter. In normal rats, hepatic CL was significantly decreased 30 min after enteral administration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or deoxycholic acid (DCA), but returned to its initial level 3 h later, after part of the CDCA administered was metabolized. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and cholic acid had no effect on CL. In contrast, hepatic CL was markedly increased 30 min after CDCA or DCA administration in rats given either buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, or diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), an inhibitor of both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Chenodeoxycholic acid further increased the CL of BSO‐ or DDC‐treated rats during inhalation of oxygen via a tracheal cannula. Coadministration of UDCA eliminated the effects of CDCA on the hepatic CL of normal and BSO‐ or DDC‐treated rats with or without oxygen inhalation. We conclude that cytotoxic bile acids, such as CDCA, increase CL in the antioxidants‐depleted or oxidative‐stressed liver in vivc, but that UDCA prevents CDCA from developing CL.
Macrophage and hepatic stellate cell responses during experimental hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: JOHNSON SARAH J , BURR ANDREW W , TOOLE KIERAN , DACK CLARE L , MATHEW JOSEPH , BURT ALASTAIR D 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to assess the monocyte/macrophage and hepatic stellate cell responses during experimental diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Diethylnitrosamine (50mg/L) was administered to 39 rats for 10 weeks; liver tissue was obtained at weeks 10, 16 and 19. In this model, necroinflammatory damage occurs during the period of DEN administration but thereafter subsides; dysplastic nodules and carcinomas subsequently develop. Monocytes/macrophages were detected immunohistochemically using ED1 and ED2 monoclonal antibodies; hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were detected using antibodies to α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) (activated HSC) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Parenchymal ED1‐ and ED2‐positive monocytes/macrophages and α‐SMA‐positive HSC increased at week 10 when there was ongoing DEN‐induced necroinflammatory activity. ED1‐ and ED2‐positive cells were also prominent at weeks 16 and 19, particularly around the periphery of dysplastic and carcinomatous nodules, with occasional macrophages between dysplastic hepatocytes. α‐SMA‐positive HSC were present within sinusoids between dysplastic cells and were more abundant at weeks 16 and 19 than in control or week 10 animals. Activated HSC were prominent in fibrous septa around and within dysplastic and carcinomatous nodules at weeks 16 and 19. In contrast, GFAP‐positive HSC did not accumulate in developing septa or within dysplastic and carcinomatous nodules. We have demonstrated changes in the monocyte/macrophage and HSC populations during the development of hepatocellular dysplasia and carcinoma at time points when there is little necroinflammatory activity; this may therefore represent a host response to hepatocyte dysplasia. The HSC activation may be mediated, in part, by monocyte/macrophage‐derived factors, but we speculate that it may also result from direct stimulation by factors released from dysplastic hepatocytes.
Oesophageal hiatal hernia‐induced hydropneumothorax
Authors: FUKUDA TORU , YOKOI YUKIO , TAKIURA FUMIAKI , WATANABE SUMIO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe patient presented with acute and constant abdominal pain. He had had a lobectomy of the left lung three months before. On the 4th day in hospital the pain increased and he went into temporary shock. The next day a hydropneumothorax and incarcerated stomach were revealed by chest X‐ray and computed tomography. He was transferred to the University Hospital immediately and underwent an operation. The diagnosis was an incarcerated para‐oesophageal hernia with hydropneumothorax and perforation of the stomach. As a para‐oesophageal hernia may be fatal, is important to diagnose and treat it early.
Atypical, cytoplasmic and perinuclear anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: FRENZER ANDREAS , FIERZ WALTER , RUNDLER EVA , HAMMER BRUNO , BINEK JANEK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAtypical, cytoplasmic and perinuclear anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (x‐, c‐ and pANCA, respectively) are associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are more common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) than in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Most publications only refer to p‐ and cANCA in relation to IBD. We have prospectively evaluated the reactivity of sera from 58 patients with IBD and 10 healthy controls against human neutrophils with emphasis on the distinction of the ANCA types. The sera were incubated with ethanol‐ and formaldehyde‐fixed granulocytes to differentiate between c‐, p‐ and xANCA. The results showed that 10 of 24 patients with UC were positive for ANCA, whereas only one of 34 patients with CD was ANCA positive. These results correspond to a sensitivity of 42%, a specificity of 97%, a negative predictive value of 91% and a positive predictive value of 75% in UC. Of the 11 ANCA‐positive sera, two showed a cytoplasmic staining pattern, three showed a perinuclear and six an atypical staining pattern. The disease activity was not correlated to either the ANCA titre or to the presence of ANCA in the serum. In conclusion, ANCA are of limited value in differentiating between UC and CD. Because the majority of ANCA in patients with IBD are xANCA, these ANCA should be explored by not only incubating on ethanol‐fixed granulocytes, but also on formaldehyde‐fixed granulocytes.
A Bibliography of Australian Paediatrics 1846–1900 PART III
Authors: SIMPSON SHEILA , TOVELL ANN , GANDEVIA B. 
Published: March 2008

Part 1, 1846–1879, Aust. Paediatr. J., 1978 14 page 23, Gilibee, W. should read Gillbee, W. All references including and after Gillbee, W. as above, should be under the following heading: Australian Medical Journal, Melbourne. 1856–1878, n.s. 1879–1895. In 1896 the Australian Medical Journal amalgamated with the Intercolonial Quarterly Journal of Medicine‐and Surgery as the Intercolonial Medical Journal of Australasia.Part 2, 1880–1900, Aust. Paediatr. J., 1978, 14, page 95, title should read “A Bibliography of Australian Paediatrics, 1846–1900” MELBOURNE MEDICAL RECORD, FORMERLY MEDICAL RECORD OF AUSTRALIA 1861/62–1877 (not all issues available)
Total Parenteral Nutrition of Premature Infants 2. Requirement for Micronutrient Elements
Authors: JAMES B. E. , HENDRY P. G. , MacMAHON R. A. 
Published: March 2008

James, B. E., Hendry, P. G., and MacMahon, R. A. (1979), Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 67–71. Total parenteral nutrition of premature infants. 2. Requirement for micronutrient elements. By using metabolic balance studies we have investigated the ability of 5 small premature infants, fed intravenously with a formula based on L amino acid isomers, to retain 5 essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr).For each element there was a significant correlation between the input and retention and, by analogy with fetal growth, tentative recommendations have been made for the rate of infusion of these elements into very low birthweight infants.
Nutritional Studies During Early Childhood I. Energy and Nutrient Intake
Authors: BOULTON T. J. C. , COOTE L. M. 
Published: March 2008

Boulton, T. J. C., and Coote, L. M. (1979). Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 72–80. Nutritional studies during early childhood. I. Energy and nutrient intake. The results are reported of a prospective, longitudinal, nutritional study of 391 infants, who were representative of the Adelaide population. The results include a description of the change in pattern of milk and solid food in‐take, the percentage contribution from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and its relationship to the type of diet the child was having through infancy. The energy intake of these food classes is described, and the relationship to both the contribution from each nutrient group, and the type of milk formula used is described for each age studied.It is proposed that these studies on normal Australian children provide evidence of the inter‐related nature of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of diet during infancy, and may form a basis for further studies on the relationships between nutrition and the growth of fatness, variation in blood pressure, and nutritional influence on lipoprotein metabolism.
Neuro‐developmental assessment of the preterm neonate
Authors: BURNS YVONNE R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.The increasing number of surviving very small and high risk pre term neonates necessitates an understanding of neuro‐developmental assessment of these infants. Some relevant aspects of development are reviewed, and the many factors which may influence the type and quality of response during assessment are discussed. A rationale and method of assessment is presented and the interpretation of results discussed.
Developmental screening in infancy — a critical appraisal of its value
Authors: CARMICHAEL ALLAN , WILLIAMS HOWARD E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. Developmental screening of 304 infants was assessed by comparing Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) results with clinical assessment of developmental delay at 42 weeks of age. It was shown that DDST screening was effective, but largely unnecessary for the majority of infants with major delays as these infants had been identified in the perinatal period and were being followed up. DDST screening also yielded few false positive results but failed to detect many infants with minor delays.Developmental screening tests, including the DDST, applied as isolated examinations in infant populations are not recommended as many of the conditions being screened for are inadequately understood, their natural history unknown and the need for intervention and treatment unproven. However, all families with young children should be under regular health surveillance whereby the health, growth and development of infants and the way parents rear them is assessed and parents appropriately advised.
Massive pulmonary haemorrhage: a cause of sudden unexpected deaths in severely growth retarded infants
Authors: SLY PETER D. , DREW JOHN H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. To determine aetiological factors a seven year review of massive pulmonary haemorrhage (MPH) was performed at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne and compared with 26,208 consecutive live births. Statistically significant correlations were found between MPH and prematurity, birth asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease, breech delivery, multiple births, fetal growth retardation, Caesarean delivery, and the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus. MPH was associated with a mortality of 92.6%.Three severely growth retarded infants with unexpected MPH are presented. These cases indicate that severe intrauterine hypoxia is a major factor predisposing to MPH. Clinicians should be alert for the possibility of MPH in severely growth retarded infants and with vigilance and anticipation a more favourable outcome may be possible.
Infant botulism in Australia — a case report
Authors: SHIELD LLOYD K. , WILKINSON RUSSELL G. , RITCHIE MARGARET , KORMAN STANLEY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. The syndrome of infant botulism was first recognised in late 1975 and the majority of cases reported have been from the United States of America. One case has been reported from the United Kingdom and one from Canada.A three‐month‐old male infant from Victoria, Australia presented with constipation, marked hypotonia, limb weakness, ptosis, facial weakness and inability to suck and swallow. These abnormalities resolved and he returned to normal over the ensuing months.A diagnosis of infant botulism was confirmed after the isolation of Clostridium botulinum type B from the faeces.Infant botulism has now been recognised in four different countries and it is likely than with increasing awareness of this striking clinical syndrome, more cases will be identified.
Temperament in Australian infants
Authors: OBERKLAID FRANK , PRIOR MARGOT , GOLVAN DEBORAH , CLEMENTS ANTHONY , WILLIAMSON AUDREY 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA convenience sample of 240 infants aged 4–8 months was studied to evaluate the suitability of a revised version of Carey's Infant Temperament Questionnaire (ITQ) for an Australian population. Data analyses indicated all item/dimension correlations significant at P<0.01 or better, satisfactory internal consistency of the instrument as measured by alpha coefficients, and test retest reliability of 0.79. Infants rated as having a ‘difficult’ temperament were significantly more likely to be reported as having problem behaviours. Significant differences were found between Australian and American inlants on three of the nine temperament dimensions — rhythmicity, activity and intensity. The results of this study indicate that this revised ITQ is suitable for use with Australian infants.
Clinical experience with systemic vasodilator therapy in the newborn infant
Authors: BUTT W. , BOHN D. , WHYTE H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNewborn infants with impaired myocardial performance may not respond to inotropic drugs and volume loading. Vasodilator therapy was tried in 10 such patients and in most there was improvement in peripheral perfusion, blood pH, arterial oxygenation, blood pressure and urine output. No complications of these drugs were detected. Vasodilator therapy has a role in the management of the acutely sick newborn infant with clinical signs of low cardiac output.
Low birthweight and mortality in Australian Aboriginal babies at the Royal Darwin Hospital: A 15 year study
Authors: GOGNA N. K. , SMILEY M. , WALKER A.C. , FULLERTON P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A retrospective analysis was made of all births at the Royal Darwin Hospital from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 1983. The births were divided into weight categories and racial groups (Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal).The study showed that there was a 23.2% incidence of low birthweight (LBW) babies (less than 2500 g) in Aboriginals compared with an incidence of 6.4% in non‐Aboriginals. It was found that Aboriginals had a better chance of surviving the neonatal periods than non‐Aboriginals of the same birthweight for all birthweights up to 2500 g. It is suggested that this occurred because most LBW Aboriginals were more mature than their birthweight would have suggested.The perinatal and neonatal mortality, however, remains high in the Aboriginal babies and this can also be attributed to the high incidence of LBW babies in this group, and perhaps to the limited use of antenatal care by the Aboriginal mothers.
An immunogenetic study of juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: MANNERS P. J. , DAWKINS R. L. , McCLUSKEY J. , HEWSON P. H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Ninety‐seven patients from Western Australia and Victoria suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) for longer than 1 year were studied with particular reference to immunogenetic markers in the sub‐groups of the disease. In the pauci‐articular group, the antigens DR5, DR8 and BW35 were increased in frequency. The phenotypes within the sub‐groups appeared distinctive despite the absence of any increase in the frequency of single antigens. Complement allotyping did not prove to be different from controls or within the sub‐groups for JCA.This study supports the concept that patients with JCA have specific genetic characteristics and that sub‐groups of the disease are genetically distinct.
Adrenocortical responsiveness in neonates weaned from the ventilator with dexamethasone
Authors: ARNOLD J. D. , LESLIE G. I. , WILLIAMS G. , RACK P. , SILINK M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAdrenocortical responsiveness was assessed in eight very low birthweight neonates who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia and had been weaned from mechanical ventilation using dexamethasone. Three of the eight infants did not respond to ACTH stimulation during the first week after cessation of dexamethasone, but all three responded normally when retested at least 1 month later. The present authors have thus demonstrated that some infants have at least temporary adrenocortical unresponsiveness after prolonged courses of glucocorticoid therapy, and suggest that adrenocortical function should be assessed in all infants who are weaned from mechanical ventilation using dexamethasone.
Successful management of late presentation neonatal oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo‐oesophageal fistula and significant pulmonary complications
Authors: YADAV K. , NAYAR P. M. , PATEL R. V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe successful management of a neonate presenting with oesophageal atresia and a distal tracheo‐oesophageal fistula on the twelfth day of life is described. This case is the most delayed diagnosis associated with survival known to have been reported. There were significant pulmonary complications at presentation and initial treatment was by gastrostomy under local anaesthesia, followed by a delayed primary repair.
Haemoptysis: A case report with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve leaflets and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery
Authors: EVERETT D. S. , ADAMS A. P. , MARTIN A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 6 month old female child with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve leaflets and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery was admitted to hospital with a mild adenoviral lower respiratory tract infection. She had a large haemoptysis 1 week after admission, and recovered with simple supportive measures. This case illustrates a previously unreported complication of a rare anomaly.
Energy and nutrient intake at age 6 and its relationship to body size and fatness
Authors: MAGAREY A. , BOULTON J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract The values for macro‐ and micronutrients and food energy intake are reported from a sample of 154 healthy children aged 6 years who have been prospectively studied since birth. The daily food energy intake in absolute terms and adjusted for body mass was lower than reported previously, and lower than the current recommended daily intake (RDI) but consistent with values derived from predictive equations based on other studies of preschool children. The carbohydrate intake was similar, but the protein intake was slightly lower and the fat intake also less than that reported in previous studies of children of a similar age. Micronutrient intake was greater than the RDI for each. The intake of potassium was adequate, but that of sodium was high in relation to the recommended K:Na ratio of > 1, resulting in a value of 0.66.Stature was positively correlated with energy and fat intake, but there was an inverse correlation between fatness and energy intake, and intake of unrefined carbohydrate. These results are discussed in relation to the effect of different nutritional planes on growth rate.
Urinary sodium excretion in young infants: Role of gestational and postnatal ages
Authors: KOO W. W. K. , SUCCOP P. , GUPTA J. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFractional urinary sodium excretion (FENa) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaE) were determined 88 times in 42 healthy, appropriate weight‐for‐gestational age infants. Gestational ages (GA) were 28–41 weeks; birthweights were 930–4135 g. Nineteen preterm infants were studied serially a total of 59 times between 1 and 55 days after birth. During the first 4 days after birth, multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that FENa and UNaE were inversely related to GA (P < 0.001). Postnatal age (PN) was not significantly related to FENa or UNaE. However the effect of GA on FENa and UNaE was not significantly greater than the effect due to postnatal age (PA) (P= 0.31 and P= 0.80, respectively). UNaE (1.6 ± 0.2 mmol/kg per day) was significantly greater than sodium intake (1.1 ± 0.2 mmol/kg per day) at 2.6 ± 0.2 days (P < 0.05). Longitudinal studies extending beyond 4 days indicated that GA and PA had interactive effects on FENa and UNaE; hence the contribution for a given GA was dependent on PA (and vice versa). Sodium intake remained stable (average 1.8 mmol/kg per day) beyond 7 days after birth and was consistently greater than UNAE (P < 0.01). It is suggested that in healthy preterm infants beyond 2 weeks PA, a sodium intake of 2–3 mol/kg per day may be adequate to meet the renal sodium losses.
Patent ductus arteriosus and retinopathy of prematurity in infants below 27 weeks gestation
Authors: MD E. JOHN , TODD D. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRetrospective study of infants who survived the neonatal period after delivery at 24–26 weeks gestation revealed patency of the ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 44%. The mean birthweight of infants who developed PDA was lower. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was seen in 79% of survivors with 24% having grade III or IV involvement. All but one of the more severe grades of ROP occurred among infants with PDA. Infants with PDA required more prolonged ventilatory support. Perinatal factors did not have a significant role in the development of these complications.