bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Molecular Clouds in the Overlap Region of the Merging Antennae Galaxies
Authors: Krahm Grace , Finn Molly K. , Indebetouw Remy , Johnson Kelsey E. , Kamenetzky Julia , Bemis Ashley 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As the closest major galaxy merger and home to thousands of super star clusters (SSCs), the Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038 and NGC 4039) are an important location to study the molecular clouds at sites of vigorous star formation. We cataloged giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the region where the two galaxies overlap using high-resolution (∼0.″1–10 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the 12CO(2−1) and 13CO(2−1) emission lines. Of the 72 individual GMCs identified in the overlap region, 17 are within uncertainties of having the necessary mass, pressure, and size needed to form SSCs. Of those 17 GMCs, only one has significant ionizing radiation, indicating that the birth environments are likely still intact in the 16 other GMCs. We compared the physical properties calculated from 12CO(2−1) GMC data with observations of 10 other galaxies obtained using the same emission line and similar resolution. Compared to other sources in this sample, the GMCs from the Antennae, as well as in other starbursts and in the centers of galaxies, have the highest luminosities, surface densities, and turbulent pressures. The GMCs in starbursts and at the centers of galaxies also have large line widths, although the line widths in the Antennae are among the widest. These comparative results also indicate that the Antennae GMCs have the highest virial parameters despite their high densities.
Irradiated Disks May Settle into Staircases
Authors: Kutra Taylor , Wu Yanqin , Lithwick Yoram 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Much of a protoplanetary disk is thermally controlled by irradiation from the central star. Such a disk, long thought to have a smoothly flaring shape, is unstable due to the so-called irradiation instability. But what is the outcome of such an instability? In particular, is it possible that such a disk settles into a shape that is immune to the instability? We combine Athena++ with a simplified thermal treatment to show that passively heated disks settle into a staircase shape. Here, the disk is punctuated by bright rings and dark gaps, with the bright rings intercepting the lion’s share of stellar illumination, and the dark gaps are hidden in their shadows. The optical surface of such a disk (the height at which starlight is absorbed) resembles a staircase. Although our simulations do not have realistic radiative transfer, we use the RADMC-3D code to show that this steady state is in good thermal equilibrium. It is possible that realistic disks reach such a state via ways not captured by our simulations. In contrast to our results here, two previous studies have claimed that irradiated disks stay smooth. We show here that they err on different issues. The staircase state, if confirmed by more sophisticated radiative hydrodynamic simulations, has a range of implications for disk evolution and planet formation.
Under Einstein’s Microscope: Measuring Properties of Individual Rotating Massive Stars from Extragalactic Microcaustic Crossings
Authors: Han Xu , Dai Liang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Highly magnified stars residing in caustic crossing lensed galaxies at z ≃ 0.7–1.5 in galaxy cluster lensing fields inevitably exhibit recurrent brightening events as they traverse a microcaustic network cast down by foreground intracluster stars. The detectable ones belong to nature’s most massive and luminous class of stars, with evolved blue supergiants being the brightest ones at optical wavelengths. Considering single stars in this work, we study to what extent intrinsic stellar parameters are measurable from multifilter light curves, which can be obtained with optical/near-IR space telescopes during one or multiple caustic crossing events. We adopt a realistic model for the axisymmetric surface brightness profiles of rotating O/B stars and develop a numerical lensing code that treats finite source size effects. With a single microcaustic crossing, the ratio of the surface rotation velocity to the breakup value is measurable to a precision of ∼0.1–0.2 for feasible observation parameters with current space telescopes, with all unknown intrinsic and extrinsic parameters marginalized over and without a degeneracy with inclination. Equatorial radius and bolometric luminosity can be measured to 1/3 and 2/3 of the fractional uncertainty in the microcaustic strength, for which the value is not known at each crossing but an informative prior can be obtained from theory. Parameter inference precision may be further improved if multiple caustic crossing events for the same lensed star are jointly analyzed. Our results imply new opportunities to survey individual massive stars in star formation sites at z ≃ 0.7–1.5 or beyond.
Aliasing from Galactic Plane Setting in Widefield Radio Interferometry
Authors: Barry N. , Line J. L. B. , Lynch C. R. , Kriele M. , Cook J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Measurements with widefield radio interferometers often include the near-infinite gradient between the sky and the horizon. This causes aliasing inherent to the measurement itself and is purely a consequence of the Fourier basis. For this reason, the horizon is often attenuated by the instrumental beam down to levels deemed inconsequential. However, this effect is enhanced via our own Galactic plane as it sets over the course of a night. We show all-sky simulations of the Galactic plane setting in a low-frequency radio interferometer in detail for the first time. We then apply these simulations to the Murchison Widefield Array to show that a beam attenuation of 0.1% is not sufficient in some precision science cases. We determine that the noise statistics of the residual data image are drastically more Gaussian with aliasing removal, and explore consequences in simulation for cataloging of extragalactic sources and 21 cm Epoch of Reionization detection via the power spectrum.
Extinction along Sightlines Sampled by the APO Catalog of DIBs
Authors: Xing 邢 Helena 妍 , Sullivan Ailish , Seuret Halis , Morera-Boado Cercis , Harriott Tina A. , Majaess Daniel , Massa Lou , Matta Chérif F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Identification of molecular carriers for diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) may stem in part from the determination of interrelated lines using the Apache Point Observatory Catalog of DIBs. However, Pearson correlations may be impacted by the number of interstellar clouds along the sightlines. The trend of extinction with distance was constrained using Bayestar19 and Gaia DR3, and clouds were identified via step-functions and extended increasing linear progressions may be indicative of traversal through dense spiral arms. Thirteen sightlines are likely observed through more than one cloud. The hypergiants HD168625 and VI Cyg 12 are contaminated by local nebulosity and circumstellar disks. New findings presented here support the reddenings cited within the Apache Point Observatory catalog of DIBs.
Le procès Eichmann dans l’espace médiatique allemand : une « maîtrise du passé » réussie ?
Authors: Théofilakis Fabien 
Published: March 2024

En mai 1960, l’annonce de l’arrestation d’Adolf Eichmann fait immédiatement la une. Six mois plus tard s’ouvre à Jérusalem son procès. L’événement agite tout particulièrement la société allemande : 15 ans après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il fournit à chaque Allemand le moyen de se confronter avec les crimes du « III e Reich » commis en son nom. Pourtant, dans une société qui a eu tendance à reléguer cet héritage comme un passé révolu, le risque existe de laisser passer l’occasion. Des initiatives citoyennes lancent alors des expositions ou des comités ad hoc qui doivent transformer le procès en Israël en heure de vérité en RFA. La contribution interroge les liens entre médiatisation et rapport au passé nazi de l’Allemagne en analysant en quoi ces initiatives utilisent les médias comme un outil pédagogique de mobilisation et rééducation des opinions en temps de guerre froide.
L’Allemagne et le génocide des Yézidis, pratiques judiciaires et reconnaissance politique
Authors: von Wistinghausen Natalie , Zunino Bérénice , Théofilakis Fabien , Pellissier Béatrice 
Published: March 2024

Depuis 2020, de nombreux procès – les premiers au monde – ont été organisés en Allemagne contre des membres de l’« État Islamique » impliqués dans le génocide des Yézidis en Irak en 2014. Dans cet entretien, Natalie von Wistinghausen, avocate au Barreau de Berlin, livre son point de vue de juriste sur ces procédures pénales pour génocide. Elle y explique leurs modalités juridiques et replace le rôle précurseur de l’Allemagne dans le contexte historique, de la création de la Cour pénale internationale à la guerre en Ukraine. Cette reconnaissance judiciaire n’est toutefois qu’une première étape vers une reconnaissance politique et internationale.
L’Allemagne et la Namibie : comment (ne pas) assumer le génocide
Authors: Melber Henning , Théofilakis Fabien 
Published: March 2024

En 2015, l’Allemagne reconnaît que les formes et les conséquences de la guerre coloniale dans le Sud-Ouest africain (aujourd’hui République de Namibie) sont assimilables à un génocide. Les négociations bilatérales avec le gouvernement namibien ont abouti en mai 2021 à une déclaration commune. Les principaux organismes représentant les descendants des victimes n’ont pas été inclus dans le processus. Dans la déclaration commune, l’Allemagne rejette toute responsabilité juridique du génocide et n’accepte aucune obligation de réparation. L’article résume les écueils de cet accord. Il suggère que les raisons de cette approche timide pourraient résider, dans une certaine mesure, dans la crainte qu’une responsabilité juridique totale impliquant des réparations ne crée un précédent aux implications considérables, tant pour l’Allemagne que pour d’autres anciennes puissances coloniales.
Retour tardif à Nuremberg ? Du TMI à la création de la cour pénale internationale permanente
Authors: Weinke Annette , Zunino Bérénice 
Published: March 2024

Alors que l’État allemand est devenu l’un des plus ardents défenseurs du droit pénal international (DPI) dans le monde, comme en témoignent ses importantes contributions annuelles à la Cour pénale internationale de La Haye et l’application du principe de compétence universelle, la question de savoir comment une compréhension historique contestée des différents passés génocidaires de pays a influencé ses récentes « politiques de DPI » (Mégret) est restée un angle mort notable dans les débats publics et historiographiques actuels. En se fondant sur une approche qui considère les attitudes changeantes de l’Allemagne de l’Ouest pendant la guerre froide envers différentes formes de violence génocidaire comme une préhistoire du présent, l’article traite de l’interaction entre mémoire et droit international dans une perspective de longue durée.
La relecture skinnérienne des actes de parole
Authors: Jobard Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

L’une des profondes originalités de Quentin Skinner tient à l’extension conjointe, en histoire, des conceptions wittgensteiniennes de l’« intentionalité » et de la théorie des actes de parole à laquelle John L. Austin a donné naissance. Considérant pourtant que ce dernier a échoué à définir ce en quoi consistent l’acte « illocutoire » et sa reconnaissance, Quentin Skinner reprend à son compte les conceptions dites « intentionnalistes » des actes de parole telles qu’elles ont été formulées par certains philosophes comme Paul Grice, Peter F. Strawson et John R. Searle. Mais ce recours n’est pas sans poser de problèmes : c’est ce dont cet article tente de rendre compte.
“Our world is interwoven”: Micheal O’Siadhail and The Five Quintets
Authors: O’Brien Eugene 
Published: March 2024

This article examines Micheal O’Siadhail’s 2018 collection The Five Quintets. It offers a placement of this collection as inheriting the grand modernist narratives that poets like T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound set out in The Waste Land, Four Quartets and The Cantos. O’Siadhail’s complex poetic, thematic and stanzaic structures are examined, as are the detailed and expansive range of thinkers and writers who appear in his work. Each of the five quintets is divided into five canti, which are then further broken down in sections, with each written in a different form. In each quintet, we meet a series of personages from the last several hundred years in art, music, literature (“Making”), commerce and economics (“Dealing”), politics and governance (“Steering”), science and mathematics (“Finding”), and theology (“Meaning”).
Sounding the Anthropocene in the Poetry of Ciaran Berry
Authors: Flannery Eóin 
Published: March 2024

The essay focuses on the “anthropocene poetics” of the Irish poet, Ciaran Berry. A selection of poems from Berry’s first two collections are addressed: “For the Birds” and “Electrocuting an Elephant” from The Sphere of Birds (2008), and “The Dead Zoo”, “Darwin in the Galapagos” and “Polar Bear” from The Dead Zoo (2013). Those works are read in terms of their poetic engagement with what David Farrier terms “anthropocene poetics”, a poetics that meditates upon historical “deep time”, evolutionary histories, and extinction. Such a “poetics of the Anthropocene”, in Farrier’s estimation, “can help us to appreciate in new ways what it means to live enfolded by deep time”. Tallying with James Longenbach, attention is devoted to the politics and the ethics of poetic form. Our readings also attend to the nature of human / non-human kinship relations as they are refracted to the formal patterns of the poetry.
Léon Cordes écrivain et paysan. L’expérience du Paysan du Midi (fin des années 1940 - début des années 1950) : un billet d’humeur en occitan dans la presse agricole en français
Authors: Gardy Philippe 
Published: March 2024

Léon Cordes (1913-1987) was a winegrower in the Minervois before the war, a horticulturalist in Lattes, near Montpellier, after the Liberation, an Occitan-speaking writer and a defender of the language that was his own. As a singer and theater performer, including on stage, Cordes was a popular educator, passionately seeking to forge links with a public that was still often Occitan-speaking by birth. Not surprisingly, in the early 1950s, he became involved with the new trade publication Le Paysan du Midi, founded and directed by Philippe Lamour (1903-1992), the father, among others, of that emblematic land development project, the Compagnie du Bas-Rhône. In 1952, under a pseudonym, he published a weekly humor column in Occitan, Sul pic de Miegjorn (Sur le coup de Midi), in Le Paysan du Midi, in which he commented on current events in vineyards, wine and much more, in a serious tone that was nonetheless full of critical verve. Cordes sought and found a tone in a language that was both deeply rooted and easy to understand, somewhere between theater, public intervention and complicity with his audience of winegrowers. This experience of "literacy" in an essentially oral language did not last, but it did reveal the difficult questions posed by an intervention in Occitan in a widely circulated French periodical.
Synergistic and antagonistic effects of vinegar and sodium bicarbonate on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Al-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes , Fareeq Hassan Tahir , Mohammed Hassan Abbas , Jassem Baraa Waleed , Abdul-Hussein Baraa Wissam , Banay Aya Abdul-Kadhim , Jawad Baneen Abd-Ali , Hamza Tabarak Hakeem , Hilal Balqees Malik 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Escherichia coli with antimicrobial resistance has become a frequent global problem in recent decades, which makes it challenging to treat with conventional medicines. This study aimed to evaluate different strategies for managing microbial resistance.

Methods:

E. coli was isolated from wounds and the urinary tract infections and then cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and EMB media. The well diffusion method was used to evaluate the activity of vinegar (5%) alone and combined with three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20%) of sodium bicarbonate (SBC). The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Statistical analyses were performed using Excel and the SPSS 26 software.

Results:
Of the 24 E. coli isolates, approximately 66.6% were sensitive to vinegar combined with 5% SBC compared to 75% sensitivity to vinegar alone. Furthermore, 41.66% of the bacteria were sensitive to vinegar combined with 10% SBC. This study showed that 33.33% of the bacteria were sensitive to vinegar combined with 20% SBC. Comparison of the mean of the inhibition zone for vinegar 13 ± 6.04 mm alone with 20% SBC plus vinegar 7.83 ± 5.56 mm was significant (P = 0.01). Vinegar combined with 10% SBC had an inhibitory effect (antagonism) on the antibacterial activity of vinegar (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
The antibacterial efficacy of vinegar with SBC decreased with increasing SBC concentrations, demonstrating an antagonistic effect owing to sodium acetate formation.
Fast Track versus Conventional Perioperative Care Protocols in Paediatric Intestinal Stoma Closure [FIGURE DASH] A Randomised Study
Authors: Farhad Tanzil , Sarwar Md. Khurshid Alam , Chowdhury Mohammad Zonaid , Walid Adnan , Sadia Ayesha , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir 
Published: March 2024

Context:
It is still unclear to what extent fast-track (FT) surgery is applicable in paediatric surgery.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to compare the outcome between FT and conventional perioperative care protocols in paediatric intestinal stoma closure to assess the safety for future application.

Settings and Design:
This study was a prospective randomised study.

Subjects and Methods:
Twenty-six paediatric patients who underwent intestinal stoma closure from December 2019 to March 2021 were divided into two groups: group A, conventional methods and Group B FT protocol. The FT protocol included minimal pre-operative fasting, no pre-operative bowel preparation, no routine intraoperative use of nasogastric tube, drain tube, urinary catheter, early post-operative enteral feeding, early mobilisation, non-opioid analgesics and prophylactic use of anti-emetic. Total length of post-operative hospital stays and complications between these two groups were compared.

Statistical Analysis Used:
t, Mann[FIGURE DASH]Whitney U, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used.

Results:
No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding anastomotic leak (nil in both groups), wound infection (7.7% in Group A vs. 0% in Group B; P = 1.0) and wound dehiscence (7.7% in Group A vs. 0% in Group B; P = 1.0). No significant differences were found in post-operative length of stay (median 5, interquartile range [IQR] 4–9 in Group A and median 6, IQR 4–7 in Group B, P = 0.549) and time to appearance of bowel function (passage of stool) (median 2 days in both groups; P = 0.978).

Conclusions:
FT surgery was comparable to the conventional method in terms of complication and thus can reduce unnecessary interventions.
Neonatal Paratesticular Scrotal Mass
Authors: Srivastava Saurav , Chaubey Digamber , Rahul Sandip Kumar , Thakur Vinit Kumar , Ranjana Rashmi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biologic potential presenting as a paratesticular scrotal mass in a neonate with congenital giant melanocytic nevus is rare. Only one such case of neonatal scrotal neurofibroma has been reported earlier. We report an additional case and its management.
An isolated case of pseudothrombocytopenia due to platelet satellitism with the review of literature
Authors: Suri Meenakshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Platelet interaction with neutrophil polymorphs happens rarely, forming platelet aggregates like rosettes/beads around neutrophils, an uncommon phenomenon called ‘platelet satellitism’ (PS). It has been observed in peripheral blood smears prepared from blood samples anticoagulated with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid, but not in blood samples treated with heparin or sodium citrate. Automated hematology analyzers in present times have increased the reproducibility and accuracy of platelet counts, they may not completely resolve pseudothrombocytopenia. Being a rare cause of spurious thrombocytopenia, it might mislead the clinician into unnecessary investigations and treatment. To avoid false reporting of low platelet count, the peripheral blood smear examination should be performed in all patients with thrombocytopenia. PS usually occurs around neutrophil granulocytes and only in extremely rare cases are platelets phagocytosed by neutrophils, forming rosettes around lymphocytes and monocytes as observed only in patients with neoplastic lymphocytes. This study presents an isolated case of spurious thrombocytopenia due to PS around neutrophils, with platelet phagocytosis.
A brief review of the neuroimaging modalities in schizophrenia and their scope
Authors: Ray Sagarika , Pal Amit Kumar , Kundu Partha Sarathi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder characterized by diverse symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorders in thinking, behavior and cognition. Its etiology is multifactorial involving genetic, environmental, developmental, and neurobiological factors. Neuroimaging studies have significantly contributed to understanding the underlying neural abnormalities associated with this disorder. Reduced brain volume was observed in frontal and temporal lobes in most studies using structural imaging techniques. Hypofrontality was observed in functional studies. Neuroimaging also aids in differentiating structural lesions causing symptoms mimicking schizophrenia. However, challenges persist due to variables such as age, gender, comorbidities, therapy history, substance use, and coexisting psychiatric conditions, which are often insufficiently controlled for, in the literature. This review article comprehensively consolidates the diagnostic and prognostic potential of various neuroimaging techniques in schizophrenia.