bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of short‐term endotracheal intubation on vocal function
Authors: Mayo Robert , Beckford Neal S. , Wilkinson III Albert , Tierney Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransient voice change associated with endotracheal intubation has generally been attributed to vocal fold trauma. To assess the role of altered vocal fold function in transient voice change, a study was designed to evaluate the audio‐acoustic, endoscopic, and laryngostroboscopic characteristics of the postintubation voice. Vocal function of 10 patients undergoing short‐term outpatient surgical procedures using general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation were studied preoperatively and postoperatively. A second group of 10 patients that did not have surgery or general anesthesia was used as an age‐matched control. Fundamental frequency, frequency perturbation, electroglottography, en‐doscopy (including laryngeal stroboscopy), and subjective speech analysis by experienced listeners were used to assess vocal function.No consistent differences in fundamental frequency were observed, although patient‐to‐patient variation was marked. Statistically significant increases in cycle‐to‐cycle fundamental frequency variation (jitter) were found postoperatively in the majority of the postintubation patients (P<0.05). Electroglottography, laryngeal endoscopy, and stroboscopic laryngoscopy did not demonstrate consistent changes in glottic mucosal function. Listener judgments characterized the postintubation voice change by decreased intensity, increased roughness, and lowered affect without consistent changes in pitch. The perception of decreased affect in the voices (characterized by reduction in pitch variation, vocal stress, and increases in pause times) was a strong perceptual marker for change in the postintubation voice. Objective measures of laryngeal function suggest that the glottic contribution to postintubation voice change is minimal and that this dysphonia is probably multifactorial.
Acquired airway obstruction from histologically normal, abnormally mobile supraglottic soft Tissues
Authors: Robert Kletzker G. , Bastian Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn patients with nonmalignant upper aerodigestive tract abnormalities such as cysts, neoplasms, and laryngomala‐cia, airway obstruction has been described as a function of not only size and location of abnormal structures, but also of their mobility. This paper describes three patients who developed upper airway restriction with stridor due to abnormally redundant and mobile, but histologically normal, supraglottic mucosa. The specific mechanism of and structures involved in obstruction were clearly defined by videolaryngopharyngoscopy. Endoscopic microdissection and/or laser excision of the redundant supraglottic mucosa restored airway patency and completely relieved the obstructive respiratory symptoms. The pulsion effects of in‐spiratory airflow are postulated as the cause of these acquired lesions. Recommended treatment is reviewed.
Longitudinal effects of single‐channel cochlear implantation on voice quality
Authors: Leder Steven B. , Spitzer Jaclyn B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNo studies have reported longitudinal group data on the voice characteristics of adult participants with adventitious profound sensorineural hearing loss before and after single‐channel cochlear implantation. This study investigated voice fundamental frequency, intensity, and speaking duration preimplantation and longitudinally 1‐day, 6‐months, and 1‐year poststimulation. Results revealed only fundamental frequency 1‐day poststimulation to be significantly different from preimplantation. Trends for all three variables, i.e., lowered Fo, reduced intensity, and shortened speaking duration (a faster rate), however, moved toward the measures that typify normal‐hearing speakers.
A comparison of the cartilaginous rib graft and evans‐todd laryngotracheoplasties forsubglottic stenosis
Authors: Muntz Harlan R. , Lusk Rodeny P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCartilaginous rib graft interposition and Evans‐Todd laryngotracheoplasties were compared in 21 patients with similar degrees of subglottic stenosis. The ultimate success of the repair was similar, but complications were more frequent with the Evans‐Todd laryngotracheoplasty.Stent removal and decannulation were accomplished earlier with the cartilage graft laryngotracheoplasty—an average of 21 days to decannulation after stent removal versus 66 days for the Evans‐Todd procedure. Granulation tissue was almost universal in the Evans‐Todd procedure, and accounted for the long decannulation time. This retrospective study is used as a basis to discuss the relative merits of the two procedures.
Correlative histological and ultrastructural study of unusual changes in human tracheobronchial epithelium
Authors: Roessler Franz , Grossenbacher Rudolf , Stanisic Marijan , Walt Heinrich 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn tracheostomy patients with chronic bronchitis, scanning electron microscopy reveals detailed surface changes in the tracheobronchial mucosa. The principle of intermicroscopic correlation, i.e., the sequential examination of a specimen by different microscopic procedures, is illustrated with giant cilia. After re‐embedding the scanning electron microscopic specimens and precisely locating a ciliary convolution by light microscopy in semithin section, the giant cilia were studied in ultrathin sections by transmission electron microscopy. The cilia were shown to be at least 9 (μm long (normal ciliary length = 4 6 μm). Central and peripheral micro‐tubular axonemal structures with a 9 + 2 arrangement were clearly shown in both longitudinal and cross section. Giant cilia, thus, most closely resemble outgrowths of normal cilia. If they are motile at all, they seem unlikely to effect a transport function coordinated in direction and time.
The effect of asymmetric pharyngoesophageal pressures on manofluorographic measurements
Authors: Mcconnel Fred M. S. , Guffin Thomas N. , Cerenko Danko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe fact that pressures in the pharynx are asymmetric has raised questions about the validity of measurements made using manofluorography. Using a special manometric catheter that measures the pressures in four different directions, manofluorography was performed on seven normal volunteers and the measurements in the four directions were compared. When the bolus was not present the measurements were found to be asymmetrical. When the bolus filled the cavity, the measurements were symmetrical. Therefore, manometric measurements made in the pharynx during bolus flow are not invalidated by variations in the orientation of the catheter.
The submandibular triangle in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx
Authors: Wenig Barry L. , Applebaum Edward L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 15‐year retrospective analysis was carried out at the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, reviewing the tumor staging and pathology data of 239 patients treated for carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx requiring laryngectomy alone, laryngectomy with neck dissection, or laryn‐gopharyngectomy and neck dissection. Surgery was the primary treatment modality in 205 of the 239 cases, with the remaining 34 having surgery to treat radiation therapy failure. Primary tumors were located within the supraglottic region, the glottic region and, less commonly, the pyriform sinus. Ninety‐five of the 239 patients either presented with or developed nodal metastases following initial treatment. Of these, only two had tumors within the lymph nodes of the submandibular triangle. This data corroborates impressions that tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx rarely metastasize to the submandibular triangle and that sparing this area during neck dissection for lesions of the larynx would seem justified.
The association of laryngoceles with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Celin Scott E. , Johnson Jonas , Curtin Hugh , Barnes Leon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis of laryngoceles simultaneously occurring with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is infrequent; however, when specimens from patients with laryngeal cancer have been examined closely, the two entities have been associated in 4.9% to 28.8% of cases. Despite this apparent relationship, the literature has failed to address the potential impact of a concurrent laryngocele on surgical decision making. Also, the wide variation in the reported rates of simultaneous occurrence of these two entities is unexplained. We performed whole‐organ histo‐pathologic analysis on a laryngeal specimen with bilateral external laryngoceles associated with squamous cell carcinoma and correlated this to computed tomography findings. Based on this information and other reports concerning the pattern of spread of carcinoma within laryngoceles, it appears that su‐praglottic laryngectomy is oncologically sound in the presence of a laryngocele as long as the usual criteria for this procedure are met.
Development of monoclonal antibodies with specificity to oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fantozzi Richard D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA panel of five monoclonal antibodies have been produced that show binding when directed against human oral head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. These monoclonal antibodies are derived from antibody‐secreting cells obtained using cell hybridization techniques. The activity of the antibody was tested in vitro against oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10). Control groups included normal oral mucosa (n = 7), hyperkeratosis (n = 5), mild dysplasia (n = 4), and severe dysplasia (n = 3). Results using immunoperoxidase staining confirmed the binding of the five monoclonal antibodies to human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells, with predominant reactivity (50% to 90%) in the majority of the specimens, compared with negative (0%) to weak (<5%) or focal (5% to <50%) reactivity in the control specimens.
Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity: Pathological aspects in a follow‐up study
Authors: Nielsen P. L. , Buchwald C. , Nielsen L. H. , Tos M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe initially removed tumors from 42 patients with inverted papillomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were subjected to an extensive histopathological examination in order to define the characteristics associated with multiple recurrences and development of malignancy. Two of the patients subsequently developed squamous cell carcinoma and eight patients had more than one recurrence. No specific histological characteristic was determined to be a predictor of multiple recurrences or development of malignancy. However, three patterns of characteristics emerged from the data which were found to be related to the development of malignancy, multiple recurrences, and benign behaviour. Malignancy was found to be associated with bilateral inverted papilloma, a predominance of mature squamous epithelium, the presence of all three epithelial types (metaplastic squamous, mature squamous, and cylindrical), severe hyperkeratosis, a mitotic index ≥2 per high‐power field (HPF), absence of inflammatory polyps among the papillomas, an abundance of plasma cells, and an absence of neutrophils. Multiple recurrences (without malignancy) were associated with a mitotic index ≥2 per HPF and an absence of inflammatory polyps. Benign behaviour was associated with predominantly mucinous tumors, a mitotic index <1 per HPF, a ratio of neoplastic epithelium/connective tissue stroma ≥6, and the presence of inflammatory polyps among the papillomas.
Early stages of facial nerve regeneration through silicone chambers in the rabbit
Authors: Spector J. Gershon , Lee Patty , Derby Albert , Roufa Dikla G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe early stages of rabbit peripheral facial nerve regeneration [N = 16], over a 10‐mm transectional gap, were analyzed at 1, 3, and 5 weeks of buccal nerve entubation in silicone chambers prefilled with saline. Normal nerve pooled data were obtained in nine nerves. Chronologic morphologic and morphometic light and electron microscopic computer‐captured data reveal that the regeneration process can be subdivided into four stages: 1. The establishment of an acellular intergap matrix; 2. the ingrowth of mesodermally derived cells (macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, etc.) to form an intergap scaffolding; 3. the ingrowth of ectodermally derived cells (neurons, Schwann's cells, etc.) to reconstitute the transected peripheral nerve; and 4. neural maturation by progressive axonal enlargement, myelination, and compartmentalization. The first two stages occur during the first week, the third stage during the third week, and the fourth stage from the fifth week onwards of neural entubation.Morphometic analyses indicate that total neuro‐regenerates increase in number from 303 ± 286 to 2693 ± 1334 (± values are standard deviations) and myelination of axons increases from 12% to 48% during the third to fifth week of entubation. The thickness of the myelin (g‐ratio) increases from 0.89 ± .01 to 0.74 ± .06 (SD) during the same period of time. At the end of the fifth week of entubation, the midchambers contain, on the average, 1279 ± 980 myelinated axons (30% of normal counts) and 483 (± 11.2%) axons cross the chambers to innervate the distal transected neural stump (12.5%). Specific target‐organ (quadratus labii superioris muscle) activity can be recaptured with a smaller number (12.5%) of regenerating myelinated axons from the buccal division of the facial nerve during the fifth week of entubation.
Multichannel (Ineraid®) cochlear implant update
Authors: Parkin James L. , Randolph Loren J. , Parkin Brett D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom April 1984 to May 1991, 49 profoundly deaf patients received implantation of the Ineraid® multichannel cochlear implant at the University of Utah. The auditory results of 48 patients indicated improvement in mean pure‐tone performance to 500 Hz (32.9 ± 10.1 dB), 1000 Hz (27.1 ± 10.0 dB), and 2000 Hz (30.1 ± 9.8 dB). This group of patients had mean performances of 61.2% on auditory‐only environmental sounds (Minimum Auditory Capabilities [MAC] battery), 48.8% on auditory‐only CID sentences, and 95.5% on auditory‐plus‐visual CID sentences. The percutaneous pedestal has been well‐tolerated. Changes in the surgical skin incisions have been made. A home use speech therapy program has been developed on VHS tapes.
Acute epiglottitis in the adult: Experience with a seasonal presentation
Authors: Kass Edward G. , McFadden Edith A. , Toohill Robert J. , Jacobson Stephen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcute epiglottitis in adults may follow an unpredictable clinical course, complicated by acute airway obstruction. Our experience with this disease was evaluated by looking at yearly incidence, seasonal occurrence, and clinical variables of both intubated and conservatively managed patients. In our series of 17 cases from 1987 through 1990, 16 occurred in 1988 and 1989. Ten of 17 cases occurred during the summer months. The two patients who developed stridor went on to require intubation and tracheotomy.Statistical analysis of our data revealed that, in adult acute epiglottitis, stridor is a strong predictor of airway obstruction. A significant summer seasonal predominance was seen, as well as a suggestion of an epidemic in 1988 and 1989.
Contact diode laser microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Lewis William John , Uribe Alexander 
Published: October 2006

AbstractContact diode laser microvascular anastomosis appears to be a valuable technique for anastomosing small arteries and veins. Significantly less foreign body reaction and markedly decreased operative time has been shown to be a major advantage of using contact diode laser technology. The authors have found that contact diode laser anastomosis can be performed in vessels as small as 1 mm in size using a 200‐μm flat tip synthetic sapphire probe. Light microscopy has shown a significant decrease in foreign body reaction at the level of the anastomosis using laser techniques as compared to standard vessel anastomosis with 10‐0 nylon sutures.The role of fibronectin and changes in collagen associated with laser anastomosis were also explored. Light microscopic electron‐microscopic results as well as biotin‐avidin immunoperoxidase fibronectin studies will be discussed.
Development of high endothelial venule‐like characteristics in the spiral modiolar vein induced by viral labyrinthitis
Authors: Stearns Gregory S. , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe postcapillary venule is known to be the preferred site of lymphocyte migration into the extravascular compartment. In this study, induction of these high endothelial venule (HEV)‐like vessels has been investigated by inoculation of live cytomegalovirus or inactivated virus into scala tympani of guinea pig cochleas. Endothelial cells of the spiral modiolar vein (SMV) were evaluated histologically 2 to 6 days following inoculation. The experimental group endothelial cells had larger nuclei and increased amounts of cytoplasm. In addition, many lymphocytes were adherent to and present within the vascular wall. Control SMV endothelia showed normal structure and morphology throughout the study. These findings reiterate that nonlymphoid tissues may develop HEV‐like characteristics and suggest that HEV‐like morphology may be acquired during an acute inflammatory condition in the cochlea.
Nasal airway size in cleft and noncleft children
Authors: Drake Amelia F. , Davis Jefferson U. , Warren Donald W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough the effects of cleft lip and palate on nasal airway size and breathing have been reported for adults, little information is available on children. The present study assessed the effect of age on nasal cross‐sectional size and, in particular, whether type of cleft influenced the outcome. The results indicate that, while the cleft nose continues to grow with age, it remains about 30% smaller than the noncleft nose. The airway is smallest in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and is largest in those with bilateral clefts. The prevalence of oral breathing is considerably higher in the cleft population in comparison to noncleft.
Snoring and nasal resistance during sleep
Authors: Miljeteig Harald , Savard Patrick , Mateika Susan , Cole Philip , Haight James S. H. , Hoffstein Victor 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that nasal obstruction leads to snoring and sleep apnea, the relationship between these variables is not clear, mainly because of the lack of studies in which nasal resistance (Rna) and snoring were measured concurrently. The authors studied eight nonapneic snoring men with healthy noses by nocturnal polysomnography that included quantitative assessment of snoring and concomitant nasal resistance. In six of these eight patients nasal resistance increased during sleep, but there was no significant change for the group as a whole between wakefulness (0.209 ± 0.224 Pa/cm3 per second) and sleep (0.292 ± 0.203 Pa/cm3 per second). Linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between sleeping nasal resistance and snoring index (partial R2 = .44, P = .071). We used each subject as his own control and compared the snoring profile at a time during sleep when nasal resistance was at its highest (0.550 ± 0.375 Pa/cm3 per second) and lowest (0.146 ± 0.090 Pa/cm3 per second) levels. Despite the significant (P<.01) differences in nasal resistance, they were not reflected in the number of snores or their sound intensity. It is concluded that nasal obstruction during sleep is not correlated significantly to frequency or intensity of snoring during exclusively nasal breathing.
The horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex gain during active and passive high‐frequency head movements
Authors: Hoshowsky Borys , Tomlinson David , Nedzelski Julian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with bilateral peripheral vestibular loss complain of varying degrees of oscillopsia and balance difficulties. Some are able to engage in sporting activities while others are completely disabled. An assumption that other inputs are available to the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) enabling it to achieve some degree of visual stability during high‐frequency head movement is reasonable. In this study, the gain of the horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex in 10 healthy subjects was examined during active high‐frequency head‐on‐body rotation (head free), and compared to high‐frequency passive whole‐body rotation (head fixed). A statistical difference in the gain (P<.002) was noted for all frequencies between the two groups. In those individuals undergoing passive whole‐body high‐frequency movements, the gain was observed to rise (above unity) with increasing frequency of rotation, while the gain during active head‐on‐body rotation remained close to 1.
Endoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Metson Ralph , Woog John J. , Puliafito Carmen A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) enables an obstructed lacrimal sac to be opened through an intranasal approach, avoiding the need for a skin incision. The holmiumtyttrium aluminum garnet (holmium:YAG) laser is well‐suited for this procedure because of its properties of fiberoptic delivery, effective bone cutting, and precise soft‐tissue coagulation. Efficient bone ablation is particularly important for primary DCR which requires removal of relatively thick bone along the lateral nasal wall to expose the lacrimal sac. Forty‐six endoscopic laser DCRs were performed on 40 patients. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The surgery successfully relieved lacrimal obstruction in 85% of patients. Endoscopic instrumentation allowed for the rapid identification and correction of intranasal causes of DCR failure, including ethmoid sinus disease and middle turbinate hypertrophy. Endoscopic laser DCR appears to be a safe and effective procedure which should be considered as an alternative to external DCR for the surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Long‐term changes in vocal quality following isshiki thyroplasty type I
Authors: Leder Steven B. , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLong‐term changes in vocal quality, pre‐Isshiki thyroplasty type I and up to 4 years 4 months post‐thyroplasty, were determined in a group of five subjects exhibiting unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Thyroplasty type I medializes the paralyzed fold by using a Silastic® implant for external compression of the paralyzed vocal fold. No periphonosurgical or post‐phonosurgical complications were noted. Longitudinal evaluation resulted in significantly higher vocal fundamental frequency, significant moderation of habitual vocal intensity, and significantly longer maximum phonation time. The thyroplasty group exhibited significantly more breath groups than control subjects both prethyroplasty and post‐thyroplasty; within the thyroplasty group, a reduction in breath groups was exhibited prethyroplasty as compared to post‐thyroplasty. The long‐term positive changes observed in fundamental frequency, intensity, maximum phonation time, and breath groups were attributed to medialization of the paralyzed vocal fold.