bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility Correlations. Part 1
Authors: Battino Rubin , Seybold Paul G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method is described for estimating solubility by fitting both solute and solvent properties in a single equation. The method is illustrated by examining the solubilities of five rare gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and five ‘permanent’ gases (O2, N2, CH4, CF4, SF6) in either n‐alkane (C5H12 to C16H34) or alkan‐1‐ol (CH3OH to C11H23OH) solvents. Generally, the correlation (R2) values of the fits achieved were significantly better than 0.9. It is suggested that similar methods can be used for estimating other physico‐chemical properties such as excess molar volumes and enthalpies of solution.
Genomic Analyses and the Origin of the Eukaryotes
Authors: Rivera Maria C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe availability of whole‐genome data has created the extraordinary opportunity to reconstruct in fine details the ‘tree of life’. The application of such comprehensive effort promises to unravel the enigmatic evolutionary relationships between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Traditionally, biologists have represented the evolutionary relationships of all organisms by a bifurcating phylogenetic tree. But recent analyses of completely sequenced genomes using conditioned reconstruction (CR), a newly developed gene‐content algorithm, suggest that a cycle graph or ‘ring’ rather than a ‘tree’ is a better representation of the evolutionary relationships between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. CR is the first phylogenetic‐reconstruction method to provide precise evidence about the origin of the eukaryotes. This review summarizes how the CR analyses of complete genomes provide evidence for a fusion origin of the eukaryotes.
Measurable Notions of Complexity and Their Relationship to Biological Complexity
Authors: Brooks J. Paul 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComplexity is often invoked as a motivation for a systems approach to biology. We review three measurable notions of complexity from the areas of computation and data analysis. These measures have each led to mathematical theory and to further insight on the complexity of objects, demonstrating the benefits of having a well‐defined measure of complexity. Each measure is applicable in the study of particular biological systems; however, none is satisfactory to serve as a universal measure of biological complexity. The study of biological systems will likely require numerous measures of complexity, each appropriate for analysis in specific settings.
The association between N‐acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ayaz Lokman , Ercan Bahadır , Dirlik Musa , Atik Uğur , Tamer Lülüfer 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPancreatic cancer has been linked with exposure to environmental chemicals, which generally require metabolic activation to highly reactive toxic or carcinogenic intermediates. N‐acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) are expressed primarily in extrahepatic and hepatic tissues, respectively. Both enzymes catalyze N‐ and O‐acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines. It is believed that these compounds are activated via O‐acetylation and detoxified by N‐acetylation. Several polymorphisms of these two genes have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. Twenty‐seven cases of pancreatic cancer and 104 controls were included in this study. Blood was collected in EDTA‐containing tubes, and genomic DNA was extracted from the white blood cells by using a high pure PCR template preparation kit. Genotyping of NAT2 polymorphisms was detected by a real time PCR instrument. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the NAT2*6A acetylators phenotype between cases and the controls. The odds ratio of pancreatic cancer for the NAT2*6A slow phenotype was 5.7 (95% CI = 1.27–25.55; p = 0.023) compared with the fast type. Our results suggest that slow acetylators have higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer than fast acetylators. NAT2 gene polymorphisms may be associated with genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technique for ipsilateral rescue embolization of common femoral side branch vessel injury
Authors: Bates Mark C. , E. Campbell John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a novel double wire technique for ipsilateral access of the external iliac/common femoral artery transition side‐branches in a patient with active extravasation. The case is noteworthy in that asymptomatic extravasation was noted in both the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac branches on femoral angiography prior to intraaortic balloon pump insertion following emergent diagnostic left heart cathetrization. We speculate the side branch injury was related to the J‐wire and describe how this complication may be best treated by the ipsilateral technique reported herein. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful percutaneous repair of perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation
Authors: Sorajja Paul , Cabalka Allison K. , Hagler Donald J. , Reeder Guy S. , Chandrasekaran Krishnawamy , Cetta Frank , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:To examine the feasibility and outcome of percutaneous transcatheter repair of perivalvular regurgitation.Background:Perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation causes significant morbidity, and is associated with high perioperative mortality if open surgical repair is required.Methods:Percutaneous repair of perivalvular regurgitation was attempted in 16 patients with heart failure or hemolytic anemia. All patients were either not candidates or were high‐risk for open surgical repair (Parsonnet score, 39 ± 7). Regurgitant lesions were perimitral in 14 patients (2 had multiple defects) and peri‐aortic in 2 patients. Under echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance, patients underwent implantation of either the Amplatzer Septal Occluder or Duct Occluder.Results:Successful percutaneous closure with mild or no residual regurgitation was achieved in 17 of 21 attempts (81%). In one patient, an occluder could not be deployed. There were no procedural deaths, strokes, or myocardial infarctions, and no prosthetic obstruction from device deployment. NYHA functional class improved from 3.1 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 1.0 at follow‐up (mean, 3.1 mos; P = 0.0001 vs. baseline). One patient with heart failure had symptom resolution but died suddenly 4 weeks after the procedure. One subsequent noncardiac death and two late deaths from progressive heart failure also occurred.Conclusions:Percutaneous repair of perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation is a feasible alternative to open surgical correction, and may be preferred in patients at significant perioperative risk. Further experience with careful attention to patient selection, late morbidity, and mortality is required in this high risk patient subset. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheolytic thrombectomy in patient with massive pulmonary embolism: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Brahmbhatt Tejas , Tutton Sean , Mannebach Patrick , Cinquegrani Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:Despite advances in management with thrombolytic therapy or open embolectomy, the mortality rate remains high in patients with massive pulmonary embolism (MPE).Background:We present a case of 51‐year‐female patient who collapsed while jogging and was brought to the Emergency Department. Upon arrival, she was found to have marked hypotension and hypoxia. EKG showed marked ST T abnormalities suggestive of anterior and lateral ischemia. Blood was drawn for labs. Patient received aspirin, heparin, and was transferred to cardiac catheterization laboratory.Methods:Coronary angiogram revealed normal epicardial coronaries. A pigtail catheter was inserted through right femoral vein and pulmonary angiogram was performed. It revealed bilateral MPE. Tissue plasminogen activator was initiated as per standard protocol. A 7‐French aspiration catheter (Export, Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA) was used without any success. Rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) (AngioJet, Possis, Minneapolis, MN) was performed successfully with adjunctive local and systemic thrombolytic therapy. Immediate pulmonary angiogram showed increased perfusion through right pulmonary artery. Her hemodynamic status improved significantly. Patient was discharged home after 8 days of hospitalization. Patient remains on lifelong anticoagulation therapy and she continues to remain stable at 20 months follow up.Conclusions:RT with adjunctive localized and systematic thrombolytic therapy was performed successfully in this patient with MPE and significant hemodynamic compromise. In our patient who was very unstable from cardio‐respiratory perspective with maximized hemodynamic support, RT device use was life saving. RT has an advantage of not dispersing emboli particles to the distal pulmonary circulation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statin use and risk of breast cancer
Authors: Pocobelli Gaia , Newcomb Polly A. , Trentham‐Dietz Amy , Titus‐Ernstoff Linda , Hampton John M. , Egan Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Findings that statins inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in rodents have raised interest in whether the use of statins might decrease a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. We analyzed data from a population‐based case‐control study to evaluate the association between the use of statins and breast cancer risk.METHODS.Cases of incident invasive breast cancer in women 50 years of age or older and diagnosed from 1995–2001 were identified from population‐based cancer registries in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Controls were randomly selected, within each state, from lists of licensed drivers and Medicare beneficiaries. Information on the use of statins and other breast cancer risk factors was ascertained from structured telephone interviews.RESULTS.Overall, breast cancer cases were not more likely than controls to have ever used statins. Ever use of lipophilic statins as a group (simvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin) and ever use of the hydrophilic statin pravastatin were also not associated with breast cancer risk. Ever use of fluvastatin was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3–0.8) but the magnitude of the ORs did not vary across categories of duration of use.CONCLUSIONS.The use of statins overall was not associated with breast cancer risk. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The bone morphogenetic protein pathway is active in human colon adenomas and inactivated in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kodach Liudmila L. , Bleuming Sylvia A. , Musler Alex R. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Hommes Daniel W. , van den Brink Gijs R. , van Noesel Carel J. M. , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Hardwick James C. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is important in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subgroup within the TGFβ superfamily, recently also have been implicated in CRC, but their precise role in CRC has yet to be investigated.METHODS.The authors used a tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry of BMP receptors and signal transduction elements in adenomas and CRC specimens to elucidate the role of BMP signaling in CRC carcinogenesis.RESULTS.The adenoma specimens expressed all 3 BMP receptors (BMPRs) (BMPR type 1a [BMPR1a], BMPR1b, and BMPR2) and expressed SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4); and 20 of 22 adenomas (90.9%) exhibited active BMP signaling, as determined by nuclear phosphorylated SMAD1,5,8 (pSMAD1,5,8) expression. In contrast, pSMAD1,5,8 nuclear staining was present in 5 CRC specimens (22.7%) but was lost in 17 CRC specimens (77.3%; cancer vs adenoma; P < .0001). The earliest loss of pSMAD1,5,8 nuclear staining was detected in regions of high‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ within adenomas. CRCs showed frequent loss of BMPR2 (P < .0001) and SMAD4 (P < .01) compared with adenomas. Negative expression of BMPR2 was observed more frequently in earlier stage cancers (Dukes stage B) than in advanced cancers (Dukes stage C; P < .05).CONCLUSIONS.Taken together, the current results indicated that loss of BMP signaling correlates tightly with progression of adenomas to cancer and occurs relatively early during cancer progression. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Multiple biomarkers improve prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and mortality in patients undergoing cystectomy
Authors: Shariat Shahrokh F. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Ashfaq Raheela , Lerner Seth P. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Cote Richard J. , Sagalowsky Arthur I. , Lotan Yair 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Tested was whether the assessment of 5 established bladder cancer biomarkers (p53, pRB, p21, p27, and cyclin E1) could improve the ability to predict disease recurrence and cancer‐specific survival after radical cystectomy in patients with pTa‐3N0M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).METHODS.The study comprised 191 patients with pTa‐3N0M0 UCB treated with radical cystectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy (median follow‐up, 3.1 years). Biomarker expression was assayed on serial tissue microarray slides using quantitative immunohistochemistry using advanced cell imaging and color detection software. Predictive accuracy was quantified using the concordance index and 200‐bootstrap resamples were used to reduce overfit bias. Bootstrap‐adjusted predictive accuracy estimates were compared using the Mantel‐Haenszel test.RESULTS.UCB recurred in 36 (18.8%) patients and 30 (15.7%) died of bladder cancer; 157 (82.2%) patients had altered expression of at least 1 biomarker. In univariate analyses the number of altered biomarkers had the highest predictive accuracy for both disease recurrence (76.8%, P < .001) and cancer‐specific mortality (78.3%, P < .001). Addition of the number of altered biomarkers increased the predictive accuracy of nomograms based on the TNM staging system for disease recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality by 10.9% (83.4% vs 72.5%, P < .001) and 8.6% (86.9% vs 78.3, P < .001), respectively.CONCLUSIONS.Assessment of the number of altered biomarkers in the cystectomy specimen improves the prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and survival in patients with pTa‐3N0M0 disease. Prospective evaluation of alteration in these biomarkers can help identify patients who would benefit from adjuvant treatment after radical cystectomy. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Late recurrence from salivary gland cancer
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Garcia Joaquin , Granchi Phillip J. , Johnson Jessica , Eisele David W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence of late recurrences, which were defined as those occurring ≥5 years after initial therapy, among patients treated for salivary gland cancer.METHODS.Between 1960 and 2000, 145 patients underwent definitive therapy for localized carcinomas of the salivary glands and were clinically without evidence of disease at 5 years of follow‐up. Cumulative probabilities for developing a subsequent late recurrence were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS.The 10‐year and 15‐year cumulative probabilities of late recurrence in patients who were free of disease at 5 years were 13% and 18%, respectively. The crude rates of late recurrence by histologic subtype were adenoid cystic carcinoma (26%), mixed malignant tumor (25%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (17%), adenocarcinoma (10%), and acinic cell carcinoma (8%). Sites of late recurrence included distant metastasis (17 patients), local recurrence (8 patients), and regional recurrence (2 patients). The median time to late recurrence was 7.1 years (range, 5.2–23.1 years) from the date of initial surgery. Salvage treatment varied according to location of disease recurrence and initial treatment characteristics. The 15‐year estimate of overall survival was 39% for patients who experienced a late recurrence compared with 71% for those who remained free of disease (P = .001).CONCLUSIONS.A significant proportion of patients who are presumed to be cured of their disease at 5 years after initial treatment for salivary gland cancer will be found to develop late disease recurrence with additional follow‐up. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase in lung carcinoma of smokers
Authors: Chen George G. , Lee Tak Wai , Xu Hu , Yip Johnson H. Y. , Li Mingyue , Mok Tony S. K. , Yim Anthony P. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Cigarette smoking is well known to play an important role in the development of lung cancer. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can either promote or inhibit cell proliferation and growth, which makes its role in the development of malignant tumors controversial. The relation between cigarette smoking and iNOS in human lung cancer is unknown.METHODS.The study examined the levels of iNOS/NO in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues of smokers and nonsmokers and in NSCLC cells (NCI‐H23) treated by 4‐(N‐Methyl‐N‐nitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK), a potent tobacco‐specific carcinogen.RESULTS.The level of iNOS/NO was significantly higher in lung cancer tissues of smokers than that of nonsmokers. Unlike iNOS/NO, the activity of caspase‐3 was reduced in the former compared with the latter. The expression of the cleaved caspase‐3 was deceased in NCI‐H23 cells treated with S‐Nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, whereas treatment with NG‐methyl‐L‐arginine (NMA), an NO inhibitor, caused an increase in cleaved caspase‐3. Consistent with the change in caspase‐3, SNAP treatment inhibited cell death induced by UCN01, a potent cell death‐inducer. NMA treatment greatly enhanced the sensitivity of the cells to UCN01. Further, the cells treated by NNK showed an increase in iNOS protein, accompanied by an elevation of cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONS.The study demonstrates that cigarette smoking promotes the level of iNOS/NO but suppresses the activity of caspase‐3, which may lead to the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Ablation of CdTe with 100 µs Nd:YAG laser pulses: dependence on target preparation method
Authors: Rzeszutek J. , Oszwaldowski M. , Savchuk V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of experimental studies of the ablation of CdTe with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm) performed with 100 µs pulses and repetition time of 35 Hz are presented for the pulse energy range from 0.13 to 0.25 J. The main goal is to elucidate the dependence of the ablation process on the target preparation method. The investigation of the vapour stream intensity and chemical composition and their evolution with time are performed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer synchronized with the laser pulses. These studies are performed for three kinds of targets: a target made of CdTe bulk crystal (BC target), a target made of CdTe fine powder pressed under the pressure of 700 atm (PP target), and a target made of loose CdTe powder (N‐PP target). The applicability of these targets for obtaining high quality CdTe thin films is determined. The best chemical composition of the vapour stream can be obtained with the BC target. A major drawback of this target is the energetic threshold for ablation with Nd:YAG laser and resulting delay in the ablation process above the threshold. The advantage of powder targets over BC target is the lack of any ablation threshold or delay. Weaker angular dependence of the particle emission (associated with the surface roughness), if confirmed in further experiments, can be the most important advantage of PP and N‐PP targets. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of ultra‐high purity PbI2 single crystal: (1) Preparation of high purity PbI2
Authors: Hayashi T. , Kinpara M. , Wang J. F. , Mimura K. , Isshiki M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn order to prepare high purity lead iodide (PbI2) single crystals, the starting material‐iodine (I) has been purified by the sublimation method, and the PbI2 polycrystalline by the normal freezing method. The purification effect of these methods has been confirmed by evaluating the impurity concentration in ingot by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) analysis. By comparing the purity of three different starting materials, non‐purified iodine+6N‐Pb, purified iodine+6N‐Pb and commercial 6N‐PbI2, PbI2 synthesized by purified iodine in the present experiment has the highest purity. This indicates that these purification methods are suitable. The present research results are expected to prepare high‐resistivity PbI2 used in radiation detector. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure determination of two asymmetrically substituted oxadiazoles from powder diffraction data
Authors: Emmerling F. , Reck G. , Kraus W. , Orgzall I. , Schulz B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe crystal structures of the 1,3,4 oxadiazole compounds N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐[4‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (1) and 2‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (2) have been determined. In case of 1 no adequate crystals were available; therefore the structure was solved at room temperature from X‐ray powder diffraction data using the method of simulated annealing. This solution is compared to a second one obtained by applying the molecular replacement method. Subsequent Rietveld refinements combined with the so called two stage method based on the data collected to 1.6 Å resolution yielded an Rwp value of 7.27% for 1. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with lattice parameters of a = 7.599(4) Å, b = 6.004(2) Å, c = 21.736(3) Å. The crystal structure of 2 was solved by means of single crystal structure analysis (monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 8.010(3) Å, b = 10.783(4) Å, c = 19.234(7) Å, β = 90.794(9)°). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Affecting Kt/V: An Analysis of Staff Interventions
Authors: Henning Michael R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article examines current and past literature on the use of Kt/V to determine dialysis adequacy and the staff‐dependent factors that influence this measurement of dialysis adequacy. The variance in Kt/V values between centers and between regions of the United States has been noted as a limitation in the interpretation of much evidence‐based research and the topic of several studies. It is important for the dialysis staff, nurses in particular, to take a leading role in managing patient care in order to maximize Kt/V values, which are linked to morbidity and mortality. Although some believe that Kt/V is an inadequate measure of adequacy, it seems to be the value most associated with dialysis patients. Dialysis nurses are an essential link in managing a patient's dialysis prescription, central venous catheter management, and patient and staff education—the latter of critical importance in maximizing dialysis adequacy.