bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professionals' experiences of caring for women with false‐positive screening test results in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme
Authors: Long Hannah A. , Brooks Joanna M. , Maxwell Anthony J. , Peters Sarah , Harvie Michelle , French David P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of caring for women with false‐positive screening test results in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) is important for reducing the impact of such results.MethodsInterviews were undertaken with 12 HCPs from a single NHSBSP unit, including advanced radiographer practitioners, breast radiographers, breast radiologists, clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), and a radiology healthcare assistant. Data were analysed thematically using Template Analysis.ResultsTwo themes were produced: (1) Gauging and navigating women's anxiety during screening assessment was an inevitable and necessary task for all participants. CNSs were perceived as particularly adept at this, while breast radiographers reported a lack of adequate formal training. (2) Controlling the delivery of information to women (including amount, type and timing of information). HCPs reported various communication strategies to facilitate women's information processing and retention during a distressing time.ConclusionsWomen's anxiety could be reduced through dedicated CNS support, but this should not replace support from other HCPs. Breast radiographers may benefit from more training to emotionally support recalled women. While HCPs emphasised taking a patient‐centred communication approach, the use of other strategies (e.g., standardised scripts) and the constraints of the ‘one‐stop shop’ model pose challenges to such an approach.Patient and Public ContributionDuring the study design, two Patient and Public Involvement members (women with false‐positive‐breast screening test results) were consulted to gain an understanding of patient perspectives and experiences of being recalled specifically in the NHSBSP. Their feedback informed the formulations of the research aim, objectives and the direction of the interview guide.
Microbiomes detected by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next‐generation sequencing among patients with and without HIV with suspected central nervous system infection
Authors: Zou Shi , Chen Zhong , Tan Yuting , Tan Miao , Guo Wei , Wu Songjie , Liu Jie , Song Shihui , Peng Yongquan , Wang Min , Liang Ke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOpportunistic infections in the central nervous system (CNS) can be a serious threat to people living with HIV. Early aetiological diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial but difficult. Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) has significant advantages over traditional detection methods. However, differences in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiome profiles of patients living with and without HIV with suspected CNS infections using mNGS and conventional testing methods have not yet been adequately evaluated.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in the first hospital of Changsha between January 2019 and June 2022 to investigate the microbiomes detected using mNGS of the CSF of patients living with and without HIV with suspected CNS infections. The pathogens causing CNS infections were concurrently identified using both mNGS and traditional detection methods. The spectrum of pathogens identified was compared between the two groups.ResultsOverall, 173 patients (140 with and 33 without HIV) with suspected CNS infection were enrolled in our study. In total, 106 (75.7%) patients with and 16 (48.5%) patients without HIV tested positive with mNGS (p = 0.002). Among the enrolled patients, 71 (50.7%) with HIV and five (15.2%) without HIV tested positive for two or more pathogens (p < 0.001). Patients with HIV had significantly higher proportions of fungus (20.7% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.016) and DNA virus (59.3% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.001) than those without HIV. Epstein–Barr virus (33.6%) was the most commonly identified potential pathogen in the CSF of patients living with HIV using mNGS, followed by cytomegalovirus (20.7%) and torque teno virus (13.8%). The top three causative pathogens identified in patients without HIV were Streptococcus (18.2%), Epstein–Barr virus (12.1%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (9.1%). In total, 113 patients living with HIV were diagnosed as having CNS infections. The rate of pathogen detection in people living with HIV with a CNS infection was significantly higher with mNGS than with conventional methods (93.8% vs. 15.0%, p < 0.001).ConclusionCSF microbiome profiles differ between patients living with and without HIV with suspected CNS infection. mNGS is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of CNS infection among people living with HIV, especially in those with mixed infections.
“For the public benefit”: Data policy in platform markets
Authors: Markovich Sarit , Yehezkel Yaron 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the public‐good aspect of platform's data collection on users. Data have commercial benefits to the platform, personal benefits to the user, and public benefits to other users. We ask who should decide which data the platform commercializes. We find that the answer depends on the type of heterogeneity in the disutility of data commercialization. When heterogeneity is across users (data items) and the public benefit of data is high (low), it is welfare enhancing to let the platform (users) control the data. Furthermore, dynamic data accumulation strengthens our results.
Single lateral implant for mandibular overdentures as a fallback solution or a viable treatment alternative: Four case reports
Authors: Maniewicz Sabrina , Curado Thalita Fernandes Fleury , McKenna Gerald , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Müller Frauke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis report of four clinical cases aims to illustrate the use of a lateral implant as a solution for implant overdentures in the mandible in different clinical situations. The first two cases describe the clinical situations of patients wearing two‐implant mandibular overdentures until the failure of one of the implants, one due to implant loss and the other due to a fracture of an abutment screw, and how the conditions were managed. The third case illustrates the placement of a single implant to retain an overdenture, where a midline implant, as originally planned, was not feasible due to anatomic reasons. The final case describes the use of a lateral implant to support and retain a single‐implant mandibular overdenture. The four cases demonstrate that a single lateral implant can be utilized as sole retention in cases of a failing contra‐lateral implant and as an alternative to a single implant in the midline.
Profiling plasma alterations of extracellular vesicles in patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis and bacterial infection
Authors: Campello Elena , Zanetto Alberto , Radu Claudia M. , Toffanin Serena , Shalaby Sarah , Gavasso Sabrina , Rizzo Stefania , Perin Nicola , Angeli Paolo , Burra Patrizia , Senzolo Marco , Simioni Paolo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate inflammation, coagulation and vascular homeostasis in decompensated cirrhosis.AimTo characterize the profile of plasmatic EVs in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and bacterial infections and evaluate the association between EVs and the development of hemostatic complications.MethodsWe measured the levels of EVs using high‐sensitivity flow cytometry and phospholipid‐dependent clotting time (PPL) in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis with versus without bacterial infections. A separate cohort of patients with bacterial infections without cirrhosis was also enrolled. We measured endothelium‐, tissue factor (TF)‐bearing, platelet‐ and leukocyte‐derived EVs. In patients with infections, EVs were reassessed upon resolution of infection. Bleeding and thrombotic complications were recorded during 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsEighty patients with decompensated cirrhosis were recruited (40 each with and without bacterial infections). Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of plasma EVs. Despite no difference in total EVs and PPL, patients with cirrhosis and infection had significantly higher TF+ EVs, P‐Selectin+ EVs (activated platelet‐derived), CD14+ EVs (monocyte/macrophages derived) and CD14+ TF+ EVs versus those with cirrhosis without infection. Upon infection resolution, levels of these EVs returned to those without infection. Patients with infections showed a significant association between reduced P‐Selectin+ EVs and bleeding complications (HR 8.0 [95%CI 1.3–48.1]), whereas high levels of leukocyte‐derived EVs (CD45+) and CD14+ EVs were significantly associated with thrombotic complications (HR 16.4 [95%CI 1.7–160] and 10.9 [95%CI 1.13–106], respectively). Results were confirmed in a validation cohort.ConclusionBacterial infections are associated with particular alterations of plasma EVs profile in decompensated cirrhosis. Bacterial infections trigger the release of EVs originating from various cell types, which may tip the precarious hemostatic balance of patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis towards hyper‐ or hypocoagulability.
Gestational weight trajectory and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Lihua , Huang Yanhong , Chen Lijuan , Zheng Lianghui , Feng Yebin , Lin Juan , Yan Jianying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories and their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A retrospective cohort study including 11,064 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was conducted between 2015 and 2019 in China. The latent class trajectory model was used to identify GWG trajectories, and logistic regression was performed to examine odds ratio (OR) of pregnancy outcomes. Three trajectories of GWG were identified in these 11,604 women with GDM. Trajectory 1: 64.02% of women had sustained moderate GWG throughout pregnancy; Trajectory 2: 17.75% of women showed a high initial GWG but followed by a low GWG from the third trimester until delivery; Trajectory 3: 18.23% had low initial GWG but followed by drastic GWG from the second trimester until delivery. Compared with pregnant women with Trajectory 1, women with Trajectory 2 had a higher risk of large for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.48) but at a lower risk of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96). Women in Trajectory 3 were more likely to develop small for gestational age (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.62–2.78), low birthweight (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07–2.08), preterm birth (AOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63), caesarean section (AOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.112–1.42) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (AOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.82–2.76). The association of GWG trajectory with adverse pregnancy outcomes differs across prepregnancy body mass index and GWG categories. Women with a slow initial GWG but followed by drastic GWG had higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early clinical recognition of poor GWG trajectory will contribute to early intervention in high‐risk groups to minimise adverse outcomes.
Responses of vascular plant fine roots and associated microbial communities to whole‐ecosystem warming and elevated CO2 in northern peatlands
Authors: Duchesneau Katherine , Defrenne Camille E. , Petro Caitlin , Malhotra Avni , Moore Jessica A. M. , Childs Joanne , Hanson Paul J. , Iversen Colleen M. , Kostka Joel E. 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Warming and elevated CO2 (eCO2) are expected to facilitate vascular plant encroachment in peatlands. The rhizosphere, where microbial activity is fueled by root turnover and exudates, plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling, and will likely at least partially dictate the response of the belowground carbon cycle to climate changes.

We leveraged the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, to explore the effects of a whole‐ecosystem warming gradient (+0°C to 9°C) and eCO2 on vascular plant fine roots and their associated microbes. We combined trait‐based approaches with the profiling of fungal and prokaryote communities in plant roots and rhizospheres, through amplicon sequencing.

Warming promoted self‐reliance for resource uptake in trees and shrubs, while saprophytic fungi and putative chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria utilizing plant‐derived carbon substrates were favored in the root zone. Conversely, eCO2 promoted associations between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Trees mostly associated with short‐distance exploration‐type fungi that preferentially use labile soil N. Additionally, eCO2 decreased the relative abundance of saprotrophs in tree roots.

Our results indicate that plant fine‐root trait variation is a crucial mechanism through which vascular plants in peatlands respond to climate change via their influence on microbial communities that regulate biogeochemical cycles.
Regulation of plant resistance to salt stress by the SnRK1‐dependent splicing factor SRRM1L
Authors: Sun Qi , Sun Yixin , Liu Xin , Li Minglong , Li Qiang , Xiao Jialei , Xu Pengfei , Zhang Shuzhen , Ding Xiaodong 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Most splicing factors are extensively phosphorylated but their physiological functions in plant salt resistance are still elusive.

We found that phosphorylation by SnRK1 kinase is essential for SRRM1L nuclear speckle formation and its splicing factor activity in plant cells. In Arabidopsis, loss‐of‐function of SRRM1L leads to the occurrence of alternative pre‐mRNA splicing events and compromises plant resistance to salt stress.

In Arabidopsis srrm1l mutant line, we identified an intron‐retention Nuclear factor Y subunit A 10 (NFYA10) mRNA variant by RNA‐Seq and found phosphorylation‐dependent RNA‐binding of SRRM1L is indispensable for its alternative splicing activity. In the wild‐type Arabidopsis, salt stress can activate SnRK1 to phosphorylate SRRM1L, triggering enrichment of functional NFYA10.1 variant to enhance plant salt resistance. By contrast, the Arabidopsis srrm1l mutant accumulates nonfunctional NFYA10.3 variant, sensitizing plants to salt stress.

In summary, this work deciphered the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of SnRK1‐SRRM1L‐NFYA10 module, shedding light on a regulatory pathway to fine‐tune plant adaptation to abiotic stress at the post‐transcriptional and post‐translational levels.
Societal Pessimism and the Transition to Parenthood: A Future Too Bleak to Have Children?
Authors: Ivanova Katya , Balbo Nicoletta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContemporary adults often cite economic uncertainty, global warming, and increasing inequality as reasons for intending not to have children. Despite extensive research on the impact of societal pessimism on attitudes towards out‐group members, political preferences, and voting behaviors, its impact on demographic behaviors, such as fertility, has received little attention. This study examines the relationship between societal pessimism—captured through individuals' negative perception of the future of the next generation—and their likelihood of becoming a parent. Using data from the Dutch Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences (LISS), we use discrete‐time event history models to estimate the probability of becoming a parent in a given year based on respondents' self‐reported negative assessment of the future of the next generation in six distinct areas. Our results demonstrate that perceiving the future of the coming generation as worse than today is associated with a lower probability of becoming a parent. These findings suggest that surveys aimed at understanding fertility behaviors should incorporate questions about individuals' perceptions of the future, in addition to their own contemporaneous conditions.
Arabidopsis calcineurin B‐like‐interacting protein kinase 8 and its functional homolog in tomato negatively regulates ABA‐mediated stomatal movement and drought tolerance
Authors: Liu Fei , Liu Qi , Wu Ju‐Hua , Wang Zong‐Qi , Geng Yuan‐Jun , Li Juan , Zhang Yan , Li Sha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStomatal movement is critical for water transpiration, gas exchange, and responses to biotic stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure to prevent water loss during drought. We report that Arabidopsis CIPK8 negatively regulates ABA‐mediated stomatal closure and drought tolerance. CIPK8 is highly enriched in guard cells and transcriptionally induced by ABA. Functional loss of CIPK8 results in hypersensitive stomatal closure to ABA and enhanced drought tolerance. Guard cell‐specific downregulation of CIPK8 mimics the phenotype of cipk8 whereas guard cell‐specific expression of a constitutive active CIPK8 (CIPK8CA) has an opposite effect, suggesting a cell autonomous activity of CIPK8. CIPK8 physically interacts with CBL1 and CBL9. Functional loss of CBL1 and CBL9 mimics ABA‐hypersensitive stomatal closure of cipk8 whereas abolishes the effect of CIPK8CA, indicating that CIPK8 and CBL1/CBL9 form a genetic module in ABA‐responsive stomatal movement. SlCIPK7, the functional homolog of CIPK8 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), plays a similar role in ABA‐responsive stomatal movement. Genomic editing of SlCIPK7 results in more drought‐tolerant tomato, making it a good candidate for germplasm improvement.
Functional analysis of reactive oxygen species‐driven stress systemic signalling, interplay and acclimation
Authors: Myers Ronald J. , Peláez‐Vico María Ángeles , Fichman Yosef 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in plant development and stress responses, acting as key components in rapid signalling pathways. The ‘ROS wave’ triggers essential acclimation processes, ultimately ensuring plant survival under diverse challenges. This review explores recent advances in understanding the composition and functionality of the ROS wave within plant cells. During their initiation and propagation, ROS waves interact with other rapid signalling pathways, hormones and various molecular compounds. Recent research sheds light on the intriguing lack of a rigid hierarchy governing these interactions, highlighting a complex interplay between diverse signals. Notably, ROS waves culminate in systemic acclimation, a crucial outcome for enhanced stress tolerance. This review emphasizes the versatility of ROS, which act as flexible players within a network of short‐ and long‐term factors contributing to plant stress resilience. Unveiling the intricacies of these interactions between ROS and various signalling molecules holds immense potential for developing strategies to augment plant stress tolerance, contributing to improved agricultural practices and overall ecosystem well‐being.
Oscillatory correlates of threat imminence during virtual navigation
Authors: Karpov Galit , Lin Mei‐Heng , Headley Drew B. , Baker Travis E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Predatory Imminence Continuum Theory proposes that defensive behaviors depend on the proximity of a threat. While the neural mechanisms underlying this proposal are well studied in animal models, it remains poorly understood in humans. To address this issue, we recorded EEG from 24 (15 female) young adults engaged in a first‐person virtual reality Risk–Reward interaction task. On each trial, participants were placed in a virtual room and presented with either a threat or reward conditioned stimulus (CS) in the same room location (proximal) or different room location (distal). Behaviorally, all participants learned to avoid the threat‐CS, with most using the optimal behavior to actively avoid the proximal threat‐CS (88% accuracy) and passively avoid the distal threat‐CS (69% accuracy). Similarly, participants learned to actively approach the distal reward‐CS (82% accuracy) and to remain passive to the proximal reward‐CS (72% accuracy). At an electrophysiological level, we observed a general increase in theta power (4–8 Hz) over the right posterior channel P8 across all conditions, with the proximal threat‐CS evoking the largest theta response. By contrast, distal cues induced two bursts of gamma (30–60 Hz) power over midline‐parietal channel Pz (200 msec post‐cue) and right frontal channel Fp2 (300 msec post‐cue). Interestingly, the first burst of gamma power was sensitive to the distal threat‐CS and the second burst at channel Fp2 was sensitive to the distal reward‐CS. Together, these findings demonstrate that oscillatory processes differentiate between the spatial proximity information during threat and reward encoding, likely optimizing the selection of the appropriate behavioral response.
A measure of the blink reflex to parametric variation of mechanical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve
Authors: Kaiser Eric A. , Haggerty Edda B. , Garner Dena P. , Bunya Vatinee Y. , Aguirre Geoffrey K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to develop a parametric model that relates variation in stimulation of the trigeminal nerve to properties of the blink response. We measured blink responses in 17 healthy, adult participants to air puffs directed at the lateral canthus of the eye at five different, log‐spaced intensities (3.5–60 PSI). Lid position over time was decomposed into amplitude and velocity components. We found that blink amplitude was systematically related to log stimulus intensity, with the relationship well described by a sigmoidal function. The parameters of the model fit correspond to the slope of the function and the stimulus intensity required to produce half of a maximal blink response (the half‐response threshold). There was a reliable increase in the half‐response threshold for the contralateral as compared to the ipsilateral blink response. This increase was consistent across participants despite substantial individual differences in the half‐response threshold and slope parameters of the overall sensitivity function, suggesting that the laterality effect arises in the neural circuit subsequent to individual differences in sensitivity. Overall, we find that graded mechanical stimulation of the somatosensory trigeminal afferents elicits a graded response that is well described by a simple parametric model. We discuss the application of parametric measurements of the blink response to the detection of group differences in trigeminal sensitivity.