bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield Performance of New European Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Under Winter Season Cultivation in Egypt
Authors: Sharaan A. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present investigation was undertaken on four W. German (AD201, Belinda, Korina and Elvira) and five French (Cresor, Brutor, BRO, BRIO and Orpal) spring rapeseed varieties, for evaluation and to study their performance and productivity under Fayoum (Egypt) conditions during two successive winter seasons (1982/1983 and 1983/1984). In order to make clear identification for different plant characters, some genetical parameters were estimated.In the first season, the nine varieties were arranged into a randomized complete block field experiment with four replications. In the second one, the experiment (with the same design and replication) included only six cultivars, after elimination of three winter‐type (Belinda, Korina and Elvira) that failed to reach flowering because of unique cold temperature requirements. Therefore, the present study was restricted with the remainder six varieties.The varieties exhibited considerable differences in all the characters studied. AD201 was earlier, higher seed‐ and oil‐yielding variety than other tested ones. Its superiority could be attributed to increased number of pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield/plant. The second yielding variety was BR1O followed by Cresor, BRO and Brutor. While Orpal was inferior in all characters except for seed index. Data showed that fruiting zone length reached nearly half the mature height for each genotype.Remarkable amount of genotypic variation and high heritability estimates were recorded for all studied characters. Quantitative analysis indicated that number of seeds/pod, early flowering, seed weight/plant, possessed high heritability values combined with high genetic gains and wide genetic variations. By these characters, discernible improvement could be easily achieved through phenotypic selection in relatively very short time.
Growth Patterns of Early Maturing Maize Cultivars
Authors: Stamp P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrowth patterns of two early maturing maize cultivars were analyzed, harvesting shoots twice weekly in 1983. Until the end of leaf expansion the leaf dry matter accumulation was highly synchronized in both hybrids. After a short cessation leaf dry weight accumulation was resumed at low to medium rates during the main part of August, during September losses prevailed. During these two months fluctuations in rates were frequent and synchronisation between genotypes small. For stems no transitory cessation of dry matter accumulation occurred; synchronisation between genotypes and fluctuation in rates were less than observed for leaf dry matter accumulation. Losses in stem dry weight mostly coincided with rapid ear growth. Ear dry weight accumulation steeply increased during the first three weeks of August. Fluctuations in rates were large during the following 30 days of rapid growth. This period ended by a sharp decline in rates. Phosphofructokinase activity of upper leaves was maximum in early July followed by a first minimum shortly before anthesis; thereafter the average activity did not change much. The hybrid with higher initial shoot growth rates had a higher phosphofructokinase activity at the same time.
Aktivitäten von Laufkäfern (Carabidae Col.) in einem intensiv wirtschaftenden Ackerbaubetrieb–Ein Beitrag zur Agrarökosystemanalyse
Authors: Knauer N. , Stachow U. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Activities of ground beetles (Carabidae Col.) in an intensively runfarm – A contribution to the analysis of agroecosystems During three vegetation periods (1983‐1985) the fauna of ground beetles which belongs to a dominating crop species (winter wheat, winter barley, winter rape) was investigated on an intensively run farm near Kiel (Schleswig‐Holstein). In 117 231 individuals 77 species were found. The most common species were: Platynus dorsalis (56.2%), Pterostichus melanarius (10.6%), Pl. assimilis (9.0%) and Bembidion tetracolum (7.1%). Further five species made up 7.7%, the rest of 68 species made up 9.4%. The diversity (Hs) decreased towards the edge of the field. In barley higher rates than in the other two crops were stated.The phenology of the species partly differed in the crops. A contrast of winter wheat with winter rape fields showed a possible strong influence of insecticide applications. For some common species a migration from hedges into the fields could be established in spring. The greatest similarity (species identity, H‐diff) was found in stands which occurred in the same crop. There were differences between the crops. This is also true for other factors that are the same for stands.The investigations contribute to the analysis of agroecosystems. They demonstrate that there are interactions between hedges and fields. These interactions can be taken as components of selfregulating mechanisms in the agroecosystem.
Influence of Genotype and Density on Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Silage Maize
Authors: Wermke M. , Hoyningen‐Huene J. v. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo‐factorial experiments were earned out with the factors genotype and density during the years 1979, 1981–1982. By increasing density from 10 to 30 resp. 70 plants/m2 the DM yield of total plants was increased by 12–60 dt/ha (8–35%). The cob content on DM yield of total plant was reduced by 11–15% and the DM content of cobs by 6–12% as an effect of the retardation of physiological ripeness of silage maize. Especially intensively promoted was the DM production in the phase of youth, which was sensitive to cold temperatures during the first 50 to 75 days of the vegetation period.The influence of high density to parameters of fodder quality was small. In leaves the content of protein, water soluble carbohydrates, energy and digestibility decreased and that of crude fibre increased. In stems crude fibre content decreased and content of water soluble carbohydrates, energy and digestibility increased.Genotypes with erected leaves (like cv. Gabix) were qualified better for cultivation with high density than cultivars with normal leaves.ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß von Genotyp und Bestandesdichte auf die chemische Zusammensetzung und den Futterwert von SilomaisIn den Jahren 1979, 1981–1982 wurden zweifaktorielle Versuche mit den Faktoren Genotyp und Bestandesdichte durchgeführt. Durch den Anstieg der Bestandesdichte von 10 auf 30 bzw. 70 Pflanzen/m2 stieg der TM‐Ertrag der Gesamtpflanze um 12–60 dt/ha (8–35%). Der Kolbenanteil am TM‐Ertrag der Gesamtpflanze wurde um 11–15% reduziert und der TM‐Gehalt des Kolbens um 6–12% als Folge einer Verzögerung der physiologischen Reife des Silomaises. Besonders stark wurde die TM‐Produktion in der Jugendphase gefördert, die empfindlich gegen kühle Temperaturen in den ersten 50 bis 75 Tagen der Vegetationsperiode war.Der Einfluß hoher Bestandesdichte auf die Futterqualität war gering. In den Blättern fiel der Gehalt an Rohprotein, wasserlöslichen Kohlenhydraten, Energie und Verdaulichkeit ab und der der Rohfaser stieg an. In den Stengeln nahm der Gehalt an Rohfaser ab und der Gehalt an wasserlöslichen Kohlenhydraten, Energie und Verdaulichkeit stieg an.Genotypen mit aufrechter Blatthaltung (wie die Sorte Gabix) waren besser für den Anbau mit hoher Bestandesdichte geeignet als Sorten mit normaler Blatthaltung.
Effect of Application Method on the Efficiency of Potassium Chloride in Wetland Rice on a Beidellitic Potassium Problem Soil
Authors: Bajwa M. I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA greenhouse pot experiment evaluated the effect of incorporation and placement on the efficiency of KC1 in wetland rice on a K‐problem soil with beidellitic clay mineralogy and high tendency to fix added K.Placement turned out to be superior to incorporation by increasing significantly both grain and straw yields.ZusammenfassungEinfluß der Anwendungsmethode auf die Effizienz von Kaliumchlorid in Wasserreis auf einem beidellitischen Kali‐Problem‐BodenIn einem Gewächshaus‐Gefäßexperiment wurde der Einfluß des Einmischens und der Plazierung auf die Effizienz von KC1 bei Naßreis in einem K‐Problemboden mit beidel‐litischem Ton, der eine starke Tendenz zur Fixierung von gedüngtem Kalium aufwies, untersucht. Die Plazierung erwies sich gegenüber einer Einmischung überlegen; dies galt signifikant sowohl für Korn‐ als auch Stroherträge.
Stability of Yield Components from Winter Oil‐Seed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Sierts H.‐P. , Geisler G. , Leon J. , Diepenbrock W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn order to estimate the optimum range for high stability of yield determining traits in winter rape‐seed a systematic comparison of different plant distribution patterns (3 row spaces × 4 seeding rates) was conducted during 6 growing seasons. The ecovalence originally developed for comparing genotypes was used to quantify stability. Number of vital plants after winter showed high stability at low and medium plant densities and row spaces indicating that increasing competition within rows was responsible for instability. Seed yield per plant and pod numbers per plant decreased simultaneously with increasing competition. Generally, ecovalences of both yield components proved high stability at higher plant densities whereas low densities caused high stability only in combination with lower row widths. Stability of number of seeds/pod was independent of plant densities grown in narrow row spaces. In the widest row space (41 cm), stability of n. o. seeds/pod could only be affected by an extreme plant density. 1000‐seed‐weights and their ecovalences varied little.ZusammenfassungDie Stabilität der Ertragskomponenten von Winterraps (Brasska napusL.)Zur Beurteilung des Einflusses produktions‐technischer Maßnahmen auf die Stabilität ertragsbestimmender Merkmale wurde von 1978–84 ein Feldversuch mit Winterraps durchgeführt. Durch die Aussaat in 4 Saatstär‐ken und 3 Reihenabständen wurde die Pflan‐zenverteilung auf der Fläche variiert. Zur quantitativen Erfassung der Stabilität wurde die Ökovalenz, ursprünglich zum Vergleich von Sorten entwickelt, angewandt.Die Anzahl vitaler Pflanzen nach der Über‐winterung zeigte eine hohe Stabilität bei nied‐rigen und mittleren Reihenweiten und Bestan‐desdichten (BD). Steigender Konkurrenzdruck innerhalb der Reihe führte zu Instabilität der Pflanzenzahl.Samenertrag/Pflanze und Schotenzahlen/ Pflanze stiegen mit abnehmendem Konkurrenzdruck an. In der Regel wurde durch die Ökovalenz eine hohe Stabilität beider Ertrags‐komponenten bei höheren BD nachgewiesen. Niedrige BD dagegen bewirkten nur in Ver‐bindung mit geringen Reihenweiten eine hohe Stabilität von Samenertrag und Schotenzahl je Pflanze. Hohe Flächenerträge wurden aller‐dings nur bei mittleren BD erreicht.Die Stabilität der Samenzahl/Schote war bei geringeren BD unabhängig vom Reihenab‐stand. Die extreme BD führte aber in Verbin‐dung mit dem größten Reihenabstand zur Instabilität dieses Merkmals. Die durchschnittli‐chen Samengewichte und deren Ökovalenzen wurden kaum durch die Pflanzenverteilung be‐einflußt.
Bestimmung der Bodengründigkeit aus dem Klassenbeschrieb der Reichsbodenschätzung zum Festlegen von tolerierbaren Bodenabträgen (T‐Wert)
Authors: Auerswald K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEstimating soil depth and soil loss tolerances for the classification units of the German soil productivity mapsThe soil profile descriptions of 893 representative sites were used to evaluate whether the classification units of the German productivity maps can be used to predict the soil depth and the soil loss tolerances T of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. The productivity index of arable land was the best classification parameter to predict the soil depth. With lesser accuracy the soil depth could also be predicted, using the soil texture class and the development stage. The accuracy of the prediction is good enough to replace field work unless the developed regression is used for very small areas or for soils developed in deep, but poor sandy deposits.For the grassland the prediction of soil depths is biased by large error, when the classification units of the soil productivity maps are used.ZusammenfassungEs wurde mit Hilfe der Daten von 893 reprä‐sentativ verteilten Standorten geprüft, ob die Bodengründigkeit und damit der tolerierbare Bodenabtrag T der Allgemeinen Bodenab‐tragsgleichung mit ausreichender Genauigkeit auf Grund des Klassenbeschriebs der Reichs‐bodenschätzung eingestuft werden kann. Da‐bei stellte sich die Ackerzahl als der beste Vorhersageparameter heraus. Auch eine Ein‐stufung nach der Bodenzahl oder nach Bo‐denart und Zustandsstufe ist möglich. Die Genauigkeit der Vorhersage ist ausreichend, um in den meisten Fällen auf eine Geländeaufnah‐me verzichten zu können. Mit größeren Feh‐lern ist bei sehr kleinen Flächen und in Gebie‐ten mit mächtigen, aber armen Sanddecken zu rechnen. Im Gegensatz zu den Ackerbeschrie‐ben ist bei Grünlandbeschrieben die Einstu‐fung der Gründigkeit mit großen Fehlern be‐haftet.
Effect of Toxic Metals on the Multiple Forms of Esterases of Triticum aestivum cv. Vergina
Authors: Karataglis S. , Symeonidis L. , Moustakas M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe influence of increasing concentrations of copper, zinc, lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium on 14 day‐old seedlings of Triticum aestivum cv. Vergina was studied. Plants were grown in 1/10 strength Rorison's nutrient solution plus increasing concentrations of each one of the toxic metals separately. Metal toxicity depressed shoot growth but the most evident symptoms were on roots.The effects of toxic metals on the isoesterases of Triticum aestivum cv. Vergina shoots were classified into three types, depending on the increase or decrease of the number and density of esterase bands compared to the control:1. Decreased number and density of bands caused by 20 ppm Cd, 8 ppm Ni and 60 ppm Zn.2. Constant number of bands but decreased intensities caused by 2 ppm Cu and 40 ppm Pb.3. Constant number of bands but increased intensities caused by 20 ppm Cr.These effects demonstrate the diverse modes of metal action resulting in different degrees of toxicity.
Screening of Photoinsensitive Summer Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Ratoon Cropping
Authors: Chauhan J. S. , Singh B. N. , Chauhan V. S. , Sahu S. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOf the 24 genotypes screened for ratooning ability and ratoon grain yield, only ten showed regeneration. RP 1664‐4461 had the highest regeneration. Ratoon growth duration varied from 49–61 days. Ratoon grain yield was highest (1.7 t/ha) for RP 1664‐4461 and the lowest (0.8 t/ha) for IET 7613. Productivity per day in the ratoon crop was comparable to that of the main crop. Based on grain yield and per day productivity of main and ratoon crops, cultures CR 222 MW 10, Rasi, RP 1664‐4461, RP 1165‐132‐1 and CR 215‐55‐54‐1 appeared promising for ratoon cropping.
Hoist for Greenhouse Soil Bed Sterilizing Pans
Authors: Arnold N. , Darisse F. , Scobie B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA light weight, extendable and moveable hoist has been developed to move a greenhouse soil sterilizing pan. Its use has resulted in a reduction of 75 % of the manpower required to displace the pan, elimination of possible back injury to workers when lifting the pan and preclusion of the immediate introduction of pathogens into the sterilized sections of the soil bed.
Physiological Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum dwarf.) Under Irrigated Situation
Authors: Verma H. R. , Mathur R. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective was to study the behaviour of 20 dwarf wheats in a field trial under irrigated situation and also to suggest parameters or group of parameters conducive to high yield. Considerable variability existed in respect of tillering and earing, LAI, net photosynthetic rate, total dry matter production rate (TDMPR), harvest index, number of grains per main and subsidiary ears and grain size (1000 grain weight). Number of grains per main and subsidiary ears, total grains per plant, rate of net photosynthesis, leaf area and harvest index as well as total dry matter production rates were found to be positively correlated with grain yield and as such contributed maximum towards grain yield.Thus, in general, it may be concluded that there should be minimum reduction in grain numbers between the main ear and the subsidiary ears, for this seems to be the one of causes of reduction in grain yield. Besides, there ought to be high ratio between net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration because large amount of dry matter is otherwise lost through respiration and many not be available for grains. High harvest index and high biological yield are also desirable characters which may be combined to obtain higher yields in wheats.
Ökologische Untersuchungen auf einer auf metallhaltigem Boden entwickelten Wiese
Authors: Babalonas D. , Reeves R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEcological Investigation of a Meadow Developed on a Metal‐Rich SoilThe floristic structure of a meadow over a copper‐rich soil was studied, and four different stages of vegetation succession were described. The following species dominate over the different stages: Minuartia verna, Thymus sibthorpii, Rumex acetosella and Chrysopogon gryllus. Soil analysis showed that the most undeveloped soil of the Minuartia stage exhibits the highest concentration of Cu and of twelve other elements, while the mature soil of the Chrysopogon stage exhibits the highest concentrations of Al, Ca, Na and Ni.An inverse relationship was found between the concentrations of Cu in the soil and the number of species in the forty sampling quadrats. Plant analysis showed that Minuartia verna and Rumex acetosella accumulate more copper in their tissues than the other two dominant species.
Sortentypische Unterschiede der Nährelementkonzentrationen bei Winterweizen
Authors: Schnug E. , Strampe U. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGenotypical Differences in the Nutrient Uptake of Winter WheatIn order to investigate genotypical differences in the nutrient uptake of winter wheat cultivars the nutrient content of young wheat plants grown during 1982–1984 on three Brown Earth sites of Schleswig‐Holstein were analysed.Significant differences between the cultivars could be found in the content of the plants at shooting stage in P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn. The maximal difference between highest and lowest content (mean of 3 years) was about 20 % for P, K, Ca, Mn and Zn and 40 % for Mn. Since at shooting stage the dry matter production of the cultivars was about the same, the measured differences in nutrient concentrations may also represent differences in nutrient uptake.Due to the low Mn‐supply of the test soils the cultivars with the lowest Mn‐uptake also produced the lowest grain yield.By use of discriminant analysis it could be shown that the cultivars displayed a typical pattern of the nutrient concentrations. In the whole population two general types in nutrient pattern were found which are different in their concentrations of P, K, Ca and Zn.
Influence of Long‐term Application of Sewage Sludge and Compost from Garbage with Sewage Sludge on Soil Fertility Criteria
Authors: Werner W. , Scherer H. W. , Olfs H.‐W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a long‐term field experiment in progress since 1962 on a luvisol derived from loess the influence of increasing amounts of sewage sludge, garbage compost and farmyard manure on the N dynamic and microbiological soil characteristics was investigated.The following results were obtained:The application of the organic materials over a period of 24 years resulted in an increase of the total C and total N content of the soil. The increase was mostly pronounced in the plots treated with garbage compost. The higher total N content was caused by higher contents of hydrolyzable as well as non‐hydrolyzable organic N compounds. The N mineralization potential of the soil was intensified by the application of all the different organic materials, especially by garbage compost and farmyard manure.Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were positively influenced by all organic treatments with the highest effect in the soils with the highest C, contents.
Leaf Area Formulae for Estimating Leaf Areas of “Okazi” (Gnetum afrianum) and “Nchuanwu” (Ocimum viridis)
Authors: Abani M. S. C. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Gnetum africanum and Ocimum viridis are both indigenous leafy vegetables of the humid tropical environment of Nigeria. The former is used in both the raw state and cooked in soups. The latter is used fresh or dry as a spice in foods and stews.One of the components of leaf yield, our goal, is the leaf area. This gives an indication of the response of these plants to manurial and intercropping trials. In the breeding and selection of these leafy plants one also needs a rapid method of assessing accessions for further development. The leaves of both these species are cunate to obvate. Gnetum leaves are entire, while Ocimum leaves are serated.Formulae are given for both plant species collected from six different locations of southern Nigeria, while a general equation that holds true for all is given for each species.
Seasonal Patterns of Photosynthetic Traits in Early Maturing Maize
Authors: Stamp P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA biochemical approach to maize breeding must be based on an exact knowledge about changes of relevant traits with ontogenetic stage. In 1983 seasonal patterns of net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and of activities of RuBP carboxylase, PEP carboxylase and NADP malate dehydrogenase were recorded for two early maturing maize cultivars. For all traits the general trends were similar for both cultivars throughout the growing season but short term fluctuations were less synchronized after anthesis. About 75% of the maximum green leaf area was expanded within 20 days around middle of July. Specific seasonal patterns were observed for all traits. Before anthesis values were maximum for NAR in late June and in early July, for enzyme activities at the end of June and for pigment contents at the beginning of July. First decreases occurred for all traits before anthesis, further decreases were observed for PEP carboxylase in August and for chlorophyll content in September. Marked temporary declines coincided for NAR and pigment contents with a cold spell end of June and for these traits and RuBP carboxylase activity with anthesis. Evidence was scarce that any of the photosynthetic traits reflected the photosynthetic efficience of the two cultivars for a long stretch of time.
Effect of Plastic Mulch on Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.): Germination, Root Distribution, and Soil Temperature under Trickle Irrigation in the Jordan Valley
Authors: Ghawi I. , Battikhi A. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn experiment with squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) was conducted at the University of Jordan Research Station, located in the Jordan Valley in Jordan during the 1984 and 1985/86 seasons. Its objectives were to determine the effects of different plastic mulch using drip irrigation on soil temperature, root growth distribution, and production dates, Earliness in picking dates under mulch was obtained during the relatively warm 1985/86 season, where picking started 13 days earlier under mulch. Root weights, secondary root lengths, and horizontal root distribution were not significantly different between treatments, during each season. Tap roots were not significantly different between treatments during the 1984 season, yet those under transparent mulch were significantly higher (5% level) from those under bare soil conditions, during the 1985/86 season. Density of plant canopy influenced mulching effect on soil temperature. High plant canopy under mulch prevented solar radiation from increasing soil temperature. Whereas, higher soil temperature was obtained under non‐mulched conditions when compared to the mulched ones. This was most probably due to relatively low vegetative cover.