bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved anchorage in osteoporotic vertebrae with new implant designs
Authors: Goldhahn J. , Reinhold M. , Stauber M. , Knop C. , Frei R. , Schneider E. , Linke B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe goal of our study was to evaluate two newly developed implant designs and their behavior in terms of subsidence in lumbar vertebral bodies under cyclic loading. The new implants were evaluated in two different configurations (two small prototypes vs. one large prototype with similar load‐bearing area) in comparison to a conventional screw‐based implant (MACS TL). A pool of 13 spines with a total of 65 vertebrae was used to establish five testing groups of similar bone mineral density (BMD) distribution with eight lumbar vertebrae each. In additional to BMD assessment via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, cancellous BMD and structural parameters were determined using a new generation in vivo 3D‐pQCT. The specimens were loaded sinusoidally in force control at 1 Hz for 1000 cycles at three load levels (100, 200, and 400 N). A survival analysis using the number of cycles until failure (Cox regression with covariates) was applied to reveal differences between implant groups. All new prototype configurations except the large cylinder survived significantly longer than the control group. The number of cycles until failure was significantly correlated with the structural parameter Tb.Sp. and similarly with the cancellous BMD for three of five implants. In both large prototypes the cycle number until failure significantly correlated with the preoperative distance to the upper endplates. Although the direct relationship between bone structure or density and mechanical breakage behavior cannot be conclusively proven, all the prototypes adapted for poor bone structure performed better than the comparable conventional implant. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Nondestructive evaluation of osteogenic differentiation in tissue‐engineered constructs
Authors: Hong Liu , Peptan Ioana A. , Xu Huihui , Magin Richard L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractConventional measurements of osteogenesis in tissue‐engineered constructs are destructive to living cells and incapable to provide three‐dimensional information. In the present study, noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy was used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation in vitro in human mesenchymal stem cell‐based tissue‐engineered constructs. The constructs were prepared by seeding the cells (106cells/ml) on 4 × 4 × 4 mm gelatin sponge cubes and subsequently exposing them to osteogenic differentiation or basic medium. During the 4‐week experiment, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content of differentiated constructs were significantly increased compared to the basic medium controls. The T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of differentiated constructs were significantly lower than those of the control group at each time point (p < 0.05). The MR parameters of constructs were significantly correlated to their ALP activities (r to T1, T2, and ADC = −0.57, −0.78, and −0.81, respectively) and calcium content (r to T1, T2, and ADC = 0.48, 0.90, and 0.92, respectively) measured by biochemical techniques. MR microscopy can be a promising tool for noninvasive assessment of osteogenic differentiation and to provide three‐dimensional information about tissue‐engineered constructs. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Denervation hypertrophy may mimic local tumor spread on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wessig Carsten , Kenn Werner , Koltzenburg Martin , Bendszus Martin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report a patient with an extensive paranasal sinus carcinoma. One year after tumor resection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed swelling of the ipsilateral masticatory muscles with signal increase on T2‐weighted images and gadolinium‐DTPA uptake, suggestive of local tumor infiltration. However, electromyography, biopsy, and follow‐up MRI confirmed denervation pseudohypertrophy of the muscles innervated by the mandibular nerve and excluded tumor recurrence. Muscle denervation and pseudohypertrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of appropriate patients with suspected tumor recurrence. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus: New therapeutic options in neuroimmunological diseases
Authors: Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Gold Ralf 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus are novel immunosuppressive drugs, both first established in transplantation medicine and now used increasingly in neuroimmunological diseases including myasthenia gravis, dysimmune polyneuropathies, and myositis. In myasthenia gravis, the efficacy and safety of MMF has been shown by one open‐label trial; one small, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial; and a few retrospective analyses. Similarly, for tacrolimus the greatest experience and evidence for efficacy and safety have been gathered in myasthenia gravis. MMF and tacrolimus have both been used as an alternative treatment for various other autoimmune diseases in which azathioprine or cyclosporine were not sufficiently effective. However, experience with tacrolimus in dysimmune polyneuropathies and myositis is limited. At this time, the available data suggest that MMF and tacrolimus are well suited for long‐term immunosuppression in patients with myasthenia gravis. The spectrum of neuroimmunological diseases in which these drugs may be used has not been finally delineated and will require further controlled studies. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Single‐fiber electromyography shows terminal axon dysfunction in Miller Fisher syndrome: A case report
Authors: Lange Dale J. , DeAngelis Tracy , Sivak Mark A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe studied a patient with ophthalmoparesis and pupillary areflexia 2 weeks after a viral syndrome. Miller Fisher syndrome was suspected but GQ1b antibodies were not detected. To define neuromuscular involvement we performed electrodiagnostic studies. Single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) showed abnormal jitter and axonal blocking, suggesting terminal axon dysfunction. Subsequent GQ1b antibody titers were elevated to borderline levels. Clinical symptoms gradually resolved. SFEMG may help characterize neuropathies associated with antibodies to neuronal ganglioside and identify involvement of the terminal axon and neuromuscular junction. Muscle Nerve 2006
Enzyme replacement therapy and intraepidermal innervation density in Fabry disease
Authors: Schiffmann Raphael , Hauer Peter , Freeman Barbara , Ries Markus , Scott Leland J. C. , Polydefkis Michael , Brady Roscoe O. , McArthur Justin C. , Wagner Kathryn 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe prospectively evaluated the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on the intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and thermal threshold in patients with Fabry disease, an X‐linked disorder associated with a painful small‐fiber neuropathy and decreased linear IENFD in a length‐dependent pattern. Twenty‐five hemizygous male patients with Fabry disease were enrolled in a 6‐month, randomized, placebo‐controlled ERT trial of 0.2 mg/kg of α‐galactosidase A (agalsidase‐alfa) every 2 weeks followed by an additional 12 months of open‐label ERT for both populations. IENFD and thermal threshold were measured in the distal thigh at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months from initiation of the trial. We found no significant difference in IENFD between the treatment groups at 6 months. After an additional year of ERT, there was a significant reduction in IENFD in the patient group as a whole, attributable to the declining glomerular filtration rate. Thermal thresholds remained unchanged. We conclude that epidermal nerve fiber regeneration, as measured in the distal thigh, does not occur in this patient population after 12–18 months of ERT. Muscle Nerve, 2006
The role of occupational therapy in providing person‐centred transition services: implications for school‐based practice
Authors: Michaels Craig A. , Orentlicher Meira L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo case study vignettes are presented to demonstrate the potential role of occupational therapy in the provision of person‐centred transition services. Related to the study, the five aspects of performance described by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA): performance skills, performance patterns, client factors, activity demands, and contexts, are examined. Based on the results of the study, the following suggestions are offered for incorporating person‐centred principles into school‐based occupational therapy service delivery. These are: (1) increasing the number and variety of community places students know and use; (2) assisting students in developing and expressing autonomy in both everyday and life‐defining matters; (3) building experiences and supports so students can perform functional, age‐appropriate, and meaningful activities; (4) ensuring that students develop valued roles and places in community life; and (5) creating access for students to the social network of community and ensuring the development of personal relationships and friendships. Since the transition experiences of only two students are presented in an anecdotal fashion rather than through more formal quantitative or qualitative research the results are limited and further research is recommended. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
High‐level expression, activation, and subcellular localization of p38‐MAP kinase in thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Pomérance M , Quillard J , Chantoux F , Young J , Blondeau J‐P 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe p38 family of MAP kinases (p38‐MAPKs) is involved in regulating the proliferation, survival, and migration of various cancer cells. The present study has investigated the expression, subcellular localization, phosphorylation, and activity of p38‐MAPKs in normal and tumoural human thyroid tissues and in thyroid cell lines. The expression and nucleo‐cytosolic compartmentalization of the α‐isoform of p38‐MAPKs (p38α‐MAPK) were studied by western blotting in the WRO and B‐CPAP cell lines, which are derived from human follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas, respectively, and in the non‐transformed rat thyroid cell lines FRTL‐5 and PCCL3. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression and subcellular localization of p38α‐MAPK, and of the phosphorylated forms of p38‐MAPKs (P‐p38‐MAPKs) in human toxic adenomas (TAs), follicular adenomas (FAs), papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs). The activity of p38‐MAPKs in PTCs and FTCs was revealed by immunohistochemical detection of their typical phosphorylated substrate, MAPK‐activated protein kinase 2/3 (MK2/3). p38α‐MAPK was expressed in all cell lines and this expression was restricted to the cytosolic compartment. p38 MAPK activity was involved in regulating DNA synthesis in B‐CPAP cells. p38α‐MAPK and P‐p38‐MAPKs were strongly expressed in PTC and FTC cells, although only in the cytoplasm, whereas they were only very weakly expressed in FA cells, and absent in adjacent normal tissues. They were also expressed at a high level in TAs, but they were found in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Finally, phospho‐MK2/3 immunostaining followed very similar patterns to those of p38α‐MAPK and P‐p38‐MAPKs in PTCs and FTCs. Taken together, these results show for the first time that the p38‐MAPK signalling cascade is functional in two types of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. The observation that p38‐MAPK hyper‐expression occurs in FTC, but not in FA, may provide an additional diagnostic tool for malignancy in some thyroid nodules. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endomyocardial infiltration by B and NK cells foreshadows the recurrence of cardiac allograft rejection
Authors: Sorrentino C , Scarinci A , D'Antuono T , Piccirilli M , Di Nicola M , Pasquale M , Di Iorio C , Di Carlo E 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHeart allograft outcome is unpredictable and acute rejection episodes still occur despite the improvement of immunosuppressive regimens. We therefore investigated whether the immunopathological profile of endomyocardial biopsies might underlie the variations in the clinical course of a graft. Biopsies from transplanted patients were analysed by histology, immunohistochemistry (associated with digital image analysis), confocal and electron microscopy to determine the type and the functional state of leukocytes infiltrating the myocardium, together with their ultrastructural features and those of the graft itself. In comparison with biopsies with grade 0R or grade 1R rejection, those from patients with grade 2R rejection displayed significant infiltration of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and CD83+ and DC‐SIGN+ dendritic cells. Fifty‐seven per cent were invaded by CD20+B lymphocytes, most of which expressed CD69 activation marker and cooperated in interleukin‐12 production, and by CD69+CD94+NK cells expressing interferon‐γ. Ultrastructural signs of myocyte degeneration and microvessel rupture by NK cells were frequent. These patients developed recurrent episodes of acute allograft rejection. Endomyocardial B and NK infiltrates are involved in the dynamics of allograft rejection and are associated with a high risk of its recurrence. Immunopathological assessment of endomyocardial biopsies may thus serve to forecast the probable outcome of a heart allograft. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chlamydia psittaci is variably associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma in different geographical regions
Authors: Chanudet E , Zhou Y , Bacon CM , Wotherspoon AC , Müller‐Hermelink H‐K , Adam P , Dong HY , de Jong D , Li Y , Wei R , Gong X , Wu Q , Ranaldi R , Goteri G , Pileri SA , Ye H , Hamoudi RA , Liu H , Radford J , Du M‐Q 
Published: March 2006

AbstractInfectious agents play a critical role in MALT lymphoma development. Studies from Italy showed Chlamydia psittaci infection in 87% of ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas and complete or partial regression of the lymphoma after C. psittaci eradication in four of nine cases. However, C. psittaci was not demonstrated in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas from the USA. This study was thus designed to investigate further the role of C. psittaci, and other infectious agents commonly associated with chronic eye disease, in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. The presence of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2), and adenovirus 8 and 19 (ADV8, ADV19) was assessed separately by polymerase chain reaction in 142 ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas, 53 non‐marginal zone lymphomas, and 51 ocular adnexal biopsies without a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), from six geographical regions. C. psittaci was detected at similar low frequencies in non‐LPD and non‐marginal zone lymphoma groups from different geographical regions (0–14%). Overall, the prevalence of C. psittaci was significantly higher in MALT lymphomas (22%) than in non‐LPD (10%, p = 0.042) and non‐marginal zone lymphoma cases (9%, p = 0.033). However, the prevalence of C. psittaci infection in MALT lymphoma showed marked variation among the six geographical regions examined, being most frequent in Germany (47%), followed by the East Coast of the USA (35%) and the Netherlands (29%), but relatively low in Italy (13%), the UK (12%), and Southern China (11%). No significant differences in the detection of C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8, and ADV19 were found between lymphomas and controls from different geographical regions. In conclusion, our results show that C. psittaci, but not C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8 or ADV19, is associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma and that this association is variable in different geographical areas. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical profiles of herba saussureae involucratae by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection
Authors: Chu Qingcui , Fu Liang , Cao Yuhua , Ye Jiannong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA high‐performance capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection method has been developed for the determination of the pharmacologically active ingredients, acacetin, rutin, umbelliferone, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin and quercetin, in Herba Saussureae Involucratae. Under optimum conditions, the seven analytes could be completely separated within 19 min in a 75 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 16 kV in a 50 mm borax running buffer (pH 9.2). A 300 µm diameter carbon disk electrode, positioned opposite the outlet of the capillary in a wall‐jet configuration at a potential of +950 mV (vs a saturated calomel electrode) was used as the working electrode. A good linear relationship was established between peak current and concentration of the analytes over two orders of magnitude with detection limits (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) ranging from 1.2 × 10–7 to 4.1 × 10–8 g/mL for all analytes. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analyses of bio‐active components of Herba Saussureae Involucratae samples after a relatively simple extraction procedure. The assay results show that the resultant electrochemical profiles are indicative of the content diversity of each electrochemically active ingredient in the various samples, and may also offer some evidence for phytotaxonomy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling isoflavone conjugates in different organs of Lupinus exaltatus Zucc.
Authors: García‐López P. M. , Kachlicki P. , Zamora‐Natera F. , Ruiz‐Moreno J. , Stobiecki M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe profiles of isoflavone conjugates in extracts obtained from different parts of Lupinus exaltatus Zucc. grown in Mexico were compared using HPLC‐UV and HPLC‐ESI/MSn. Collision‐induced dissociation–MSn experiments were performed using an ion trap analyser during HPLC‐ESI/MS analyses. Nineteen isoflavone conjugates were identified in samples obtained from air‐dried roots, leaves, stems and inflorescences of lupin plants. It was possible to determine the structures of the studied compounds on the basis of the MS recorded. The compounds identified were di‐ and mono‐glucosides of genistein and 2′‐hydroxygenistein with a different pattern of C‐ and O‐glycosylation. Some glucosides were acylated with malonic acid. It was not possible to establish the glycosylation sites on the basis of MS alone; however, it was possible to differentiate isoflavone C‐ and O‐glucosides. The highest levels of isoflavones and their conjugates were detected in roots and the lowest in stems. Free aglycones were identified in roots and inflorescences but they were not found in stems and leaves. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/cyanate ester composites
Authors: Fang Zhengping , Wang Jianguo , Gu Aijuan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW‐CNTs) with different structure and morphology were used to fabricate cyanate ester (CE) matrix composites. Mechanical, thermal, and transmission electron microscopy tests were performed to evaluate the different effects of the two types of MW‐CNTs on the structure and properties of MW‐CNT/CE composites. Results showed that the bundled MW‐CNTs were easier to be dispersed in CE matrix than single MW‐CNTs, and could improve the toughness and stiffness of CE material more significantly. Functionalization of the two types of MW‐CNTs, which was achieved by grafting triethylenetetramine groups onto the surface of MW‐CNTs, was helpful in improving the dispersion of the MW‐CNTs in CE, and thus in fabricating MW‐CNT/CE composites with improved mechanical and thermal properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:670–679, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Relaxation phenomenon in epoxy glass aged under post‐yield strain
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Souda Kazuki , Nanzai Yukuo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRelaxation phenomenon in epoxy glass aged under shear strain larger than an upper yield point was studied. After aged under post‐yield strain for various aging periods, cylindrical specimens of epoxy glass were twisted clockwise (in the same direction as the prestrain) or counterclockwise (the opposite direction to the direction of the prestrain). The evolution of yield points was significantly different from that of the specimens aged under preyield strain. There exist two knee‐like yield points on stress–strain curves of specimens twisted counterclockwise: one evolved toward to an upper yield point and merged the other knee‐like yield point whose stress value was almost independent of aging time. On the basis of the experimental results, we proposed a combined relaxation model of two relaxation mechanisms: one is relaxation results in an isotropic structure whose center in stress space is the stress value in the terminal zone and the other is kinetic relaxation of the isotropic center. The combined relaxation indicated the possibility of phase transition caused by postyield strain, and therefore the higher yield stress than that of an annealed specimen was not resulted from strain‐accelerated aging, but presumably resulted from a structural change under postyield strain. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:630–634, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Transition diagrams for a liquid crystalline thermoset containing a rigid‐rod epoxy
Authors: Cho Seunghyun , Douglas Elliot P. , Lee Jun Young 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe liquid crystalline thermoset monomers 4,4′‐diglycidyloxy‐α‐methylstilbene (DOMS) and D2A1 that resulted from the reaction between DOMS and aniline were synthesized. DOMS was cured with sulfanilamide and D2A1 was cured with catalytic curing agent 1‐methyl imidazole. Transition diagrams have been constructed and the percent conversion data were determined from dynamic differential scanning calorimetry scan to examine the applicability of Flory's gelation theory. The results reveal that even though the amount of reaction that occurs in the liquid crystalline phase is different at different cure temperatures, the isoconversion theory of gelation fits quite well. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:623–629, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Modification of bisphenol A dicyanate ester by carboxyl‐terminated liquid butadiene‐acrylonitrile and its composites
Authors: Wang Jieliang , Liang Guozheng , Zhao Wen , Lü Shenghua , Yan Hongxia 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCyanate esters with excellent high‐temperature properties and easy processing are well known as good resin materials used in aerospace and electrical industries, but the drawback of brittleness limits their usage. In this study, carboxyl‐terminated liquid butadiene‐acrylonitrile (CTBN) was introduced to improve the toughness of bisphenol A dicyanate resin (BADCy), a typical kind of the cyanate esters. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to investigate the effects of CTBN on the curing behavior of BADCy; the results indicate that the addition of CTBN has a great influence on the curing behavior of BADCy at lower temperatures, but little at higher temperatures. Data from the thermogravimetric analysis and heat deflection temperature analysis showed that the thermal properties of the modified systems were poorer than that of pristine BADCy resin. On the basis of the scanning electron micrographs of the modified systems, toughening mechanism of the systems was discussed. Mechanical and dielectric properties of the cured resins and glass fiber‐reinforced composites were also studied. Modified systems exhibit attractive properties for the future applications in aerospace industries. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:581–587, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.