bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Acid Blue 1 Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Carbonaceous Substrate Produced from Biotic Precursor
Authors: Fazlullah Khan Bangash , Sultan Alam , Irshad Ahmad 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAdsorption of acid blue 1 from aqueous solution onto carbonaceous substrate produced from the wood ofPaulownia tomentosa was investigated. The samples characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDS and XRD techniques, indicated that the surface functional groups like carboxyl, lactones or phenols and ethers have disappeared at high activation temperature (800 °C) and as a result porous structure was developed that has a positive effect on the adsorption capacity. Bangham and parabolic diffusion models were applied to the kinetic adsorption data, which show that the adsorption of acid blue 1 was a diffusion controlled process. The reaction rate increased with the increase in temperatures of both the adsorption and activation. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔE≠, ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔG≠ were calculated from the kinetic data. The negative values of ΔS≠ reflected the decrease in the disorder of the system at the solid‐solution interface during adsorption. Gibbs free energy (ΔG≠), representing the driving force for the affinity of dye for the carbon surface, increased with the increase in sample activation and the adsorption temperatures.
Direct Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Kinetics of Supramolecular Complex [Co(H2O)6]·(Hnip)2·(H2nip)2·(DMA)2·(H2O)8 (nip=5‐nitroisophthalate, DMA=CH3NHCH3)
Authors: Wang Li‐Qiong , Guo Jin‐Yu , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Yang Li , Qiao Xiao‐Jing , Wu Rui‐Feng , Yu Wei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe crystal of [Co(H2O)6]·(Hnip)2·(H2nip)2·(DMA)2·(H2O)8 has been cultured using direct method and characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffractometry, elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in triclinic system, P‐1 space group with the cell parameters of a=0.7012(1) nm, b=1.1378(2) nm, c=1.6612(3) nm, α=84.92(3)°, β=85.19(3)°, γ=85.91(3)°, V=1.3128(5) nm3, Z=1, Dc1.573 g·cm−3. Final R indices [I>2σ(I)] are:R1=0.0279, wR2=0.0765 while R indices for all data are:R1=0.0327, wR2=0.0806. The Co coordination octahedra are each surrounded by two Hnip, two H2nip, two DMA and eight water molecules that are linked by hydrogen bonds and π‐π stacking interactions. Thermal analyses of DSC and TG‐DTG have been performed on the complex to predict its thermal decomposition mechanism and determine the most probable kinetic model function using Kissinger, Ozawa, integral and differential methods.
A Novel Divalent Ytterbium Complex Supported by a Bridged Diamide Ligand: Synthesis and Structure of [{Me2Si(NPh)2Yb(THF)2}(μ3‐Cl)(μ4‐Cl){Li(THF)}2]2·2THF
Authors: Lu Cheng‐Rong , Zhao Bei , Zhou Li‐Ying , Shen Qi , Yao Ying‐Ming , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe reaction of anhydrous YbCl3 with 1 equiv. of Li2Me2Si(NPh)2 in THF, after workup, yielded a ytterbium(III) chloride [{Me2Si(NPh)2Yb}(μ2‐Cl)(TMEDA)]2·3PhMe (1) (TMEDA=tetramethylethanediamine). The same reaction followed by treatment with Na‐K alloy afforded a new ytterbium(II) complex supported by a bridged diamide with four coordinated LiCl molecules, [{Me2Si(NPh)2Yb(THF)2}(μ3‐Cl)(μ4‐Cl){Li(THF)}2]2·2THF (2) in high yield. Both complexes were structurally characterized by X‐ray analysis to be dimers. Complex 1 was a chlorine‐bridged dimer with ytterbium in a distorted octahedral geometry. In complex 2 two [Me2Si(NPh)2Yb(THF)2]‐(μ3‐Cl)[Li(THF)]2 moieties were connected with each other by two μ4‐Cl bridges to form a "chair‐form" framework.
Surface Characterization of Biopolymer Micropatterns Processed by Ion‐Beam Modification and PECVD
Authors: Manso Silván M. , Valsesia A. , Hasiwa M. , Gilliland D. , Ceccone G. , Rossi F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe surface properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and allylamine (ALL) have been used to create biomedical micropatterns by exploiting the antifouling character of ion beam‐treated PEG and the biofunctional properties of ALL films deposited using plasma‐enhanced (PE) CVD. For integration, the PEG film can be etched through a mask to subsequently deposit ALL in the formed cavities. Imaging mode X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) corroborates the contrasting chemistry, while time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF‐SIMS) demonstrates a net heparin adsorption inhibition onto PEG. The performance of the micropatterned platforms is supported by the selective response of L929 mouse fibroblasts.
Diagnostic utility of D2‐40 and podoplanin in effusion cell blocks
Authors: Bhalla Ritu , Siddiqui Momin T. , Mandich Daniza , Cartun Richard W. , Fiel‐Gan Mary D. , Nassar Aziza , Mandavilli Srinivas R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe distinction between malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma is a diagnostic challenge in cytologic specimens of effusion fluids. As for today, no single antibody has demonstrated absolute sensitivity or specificity for Mesothelioma. D2‐40 and podoplanin have recently been recognized to stain mesothelial cells. Our aim for this study was to evaluate the utility of these two markers as indicators of mesothelial cells using cell blocks by comparison with two other established mesothelial markers. A total of 40 cell blocks of effusion fluids including cases of epithelioid mesotheliomas, metastatic carcinomas and benign cases with reactive mesothelial cells were selected. A panel of immunostains including D2‐40, podoplanin, CK5, and calretinin was performed. D2‐40 and podoplanin were positive in 100% of mesothelioma cases in comparison to metastatic adenocarcinoma cases where the positivity was 0%. It is concluded that D2‐40 and podoplanin are very useful markers for mesotheliomas. Since these markers are extremely helpful in differentiating epithelioid mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma, they shall be a valuable addition to the battery of markers used to differentiate the two entities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:342–347. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of microwave processed cell blocks as a complement to cervico‐vaginal smears
Authors: Gangane Nitin , Mukerji Major Shantanu , Anshu  , Sharma S. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCell blocks have largely been neglected in cervical cytology. The aim of this study was to determine if microwave processed cell blocks prepared from residual material on sampling devices could add to the diagnostic accuracy of cervico‐vaginal smears.The material remaining on the spatula after making cervical smears was rinsed in ethanol and used to prepare microwave‐processed cell blocks in 260 patients. Both Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and cell block sections were examined independently. The sensitivity and specificity of both techniques for detection of malignancy and intraepithelial lesions were calculated.Sensitivity and specificity for cytology smear for detection of malignancy were 79.16% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of cell block were 86.3% and 100%, respectively. The quality of the section and staining after microwave processing was excellent. Our modified technique using microwave fixation and processing substantially reduced the turn around time.Microwave processed cell blocks prepared from residual cervico‐vaginal specimens on sampling devices can add to the diagnostic accuracy of Pap smear without patients needing to undergo an additional procedure. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:338–341. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of antibody clone and pretreatment method on the results of HER2 immunostaining in cytologic samples of metastatic breast cancer: A query and a review of the literature
Authors: Fetsch Patricia A. , Abati Andrea 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe standardization and use of heat‐induced epitope retrieval (HIER) is particularly important with immunohistochemical markers that direct the course of cancer treatment, such as Herceptin therapy. Increasingly, many laboratories are performing immunohistochemical analysis using various antibodies and methodologies for HER2/neu. We attempted to determine the effects of antibody clone and pretreatment methods on the interpretation of HER‐2/neu staining in cytologic samples.Cell block sections from 54 cases of metastatic breast cancer (24 FNAs, 30 effusions) were analyzed for HER2 expression using antibodies to CB‐11, TAB250, and A0485. Antibodies were analyzed with and without HIER. One pathologist using the FDA‐approved scoring system for the HercepTest reviewed all slides in a blinded fashion.Five of fifty‐four cases (9%) using CB‐11 showed a significant increase in HER2 immunoreactivity using HIER (i.e. from 0/1+ to 2–3+). However, in twenty‐nine of fifty‐four cases (54%), the cytoplasmic background was significantly higher after HIER. With the A0485 antibody, two of fifty four cases (4%) showed a significant increase in immunoreactivity using HIER, while seventeen of fifty‐four cases (31%) exhibited only more pronounced cytoplasmic staining. HIER pretreatment did not increase HER2 staining in any TAB250 stained sample, rather four of fifty‐four cases (7%) showed a significant decrease in staining with HIER.We conclude that HIER may enhance membrane staining with the CB‐11 and A0485 antibodies, but also increases cytoplasmic background. Loss of antigenicity is seen when HIER is used with TAB250. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:319–328. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WT1, monoclonal CEA, TTF1, and CA125 antibodies in the differential diagnosis of lung, breast, and ovarian adenocarcinomas in serous effusions
Authors: Zhu Weijian , Michael Claire W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe distinction between metastatic adenocarcinomas of lung (LAC), breast (BAC), and ovary (OAC) in serous effusions can be very difficult since they all can present as tight cell clusters. This is particularly challenging when the malignant effusion is the patient's initial presentation or when the patient has a history of more than one primary. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of WT1, monoclonal CEA (mCEA), TTF1, and CA125 antibodies in the differential diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma from the lung, breast and ovary in serous effusions.Forty‐six samples of serous effusions with their corresponding cell blocks were retrieved from our hospital computer system, including 13 BACs, 13 LACs, and 20 OACs. The diagnoses were confirmed by the surgical resection. Formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded cell block sections were immunostained for WT1, mCEA, TTF1, and CA125. Two observers blindly reviewed the immunostained slides without knowledge of the previous clinical or histologic diagnoses. The staining intensity was graded semiquantitatively as negative, 0; weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; and strong, 3+. The percentage of positively staining cells was estimated. The distribution patterns of reactivity for WT1 and TTF1 were recorded as nuclear, and mCEA and CA125 as membranous stain.Metastatic OACs showed positive immunoreactivity to WT1 in 19/20 (95%) cases, CA125 in 20/20 (100%), and all showed negative reaction for both mCEA (0/20, 0%) and TTF1 (0/20, 0%). BAC showed positive reaction in 6/13 (46%) cases to CA125 and mCEA. Staining pattern was diffuse for CA125 and focal for mCEA. Only 2/13 (15%) were positive for WT1, while all of 13 BAC cases (0/13, 0%) were negative for TTF1. LAC showed positive immunoreactivity for TTF1 in 9/13 (69%) with a characteristic nuclear staining pattern, but only 3/13 (23%) were focally stained for WT1. In addition, 8/13 (62%) of LAC cases were positive for both CA125 and mCEA.Our results demonstrate that the WT1 stain is specific for metastatic carcinoma of ovarian primary, showing a high sensitivity. In addition, CA125 stain is very sensitive for OACs, but could be positive in about a half of LAC and BAC cases. An immunostaining pattern of positive mCEA as well as negative WT1 rules out OACs, raising the possibility of LACs and BACs. A positive TTF1 staining supports the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma originating from lung rather than breast, while a negative TTF1 favors the diagnosis of a breast primary. Immunohistochemical studies with WT1, TTF1, and mCEA antibodies are useful in the differential diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinomas of lung, breast, and ovary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:370–375. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of locomotor stimulation and protein synthesis inhibition on circadian rhythms in size changes of L1 and L2 interneurons in the fly's visual system
Authors: Kula Elzbieta , Pyza Elzbieta 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAxons of monopolar cell interneurons L1 and L2 in the first optic lobe (lamina) of the fly Musca domestica undergo cyclical changes in diameter. These axons swell during the day and shrink during the night. In addition, the axons' size depends on light conditions since they are largest in continuous light (LL), somewhat smaller under day/night (LD) conditions, and smallest under constant darkness (DD). In this study we found that sizes of both cells can further increase in free flying flies under LD conditions, while the visual stimulation alone does not have significant effect on the cross‐sectional area of L1 and L2 axons. The stimulation of free flying had no effect on L1 and L2 sizes if it was performed at the beginning of subjective day in LL or DD. Our results indicate that a maximal increase in size of L1 and L2 is observed when stimulation of free flying is synchronized with a fly' daily peak of activity. We also found that protein synthesis is needed to increase size of monopolar cell axons during the day when they normally swell. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Ascidian notochord morphogenesis
Authors: Jiang Di , Smith William C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe development of the notochord involves a complex set of cellular behaviors. While these morphogenic behaviors are common to all chordates, the ascidian provides a particularly attractive experimental model because of its relative simplicity. In particular, all notochord morphogenesis in ascidians takes place with only 40 cells, as opposed to the hundreds of cells in vertebrate model systems. Initial steps in ascidian notochord development convert a monolayer of epithelial‐like cells in the pregastrula embryo to a cylindrical rod of single‐cell diameter. Convergent extension is responsible for the intercalation of notochord cells and some degree of notochord elongation, while a second phase of elongation is observed as the notochord narrows medially and increases in volume. The mechanism by which the volume of the notochord increases differs between ascidian species. Some ascidians produce extracellular pockets that will eventually coalesce to form a lumen running the length of the notochord; whereas others do not. By either mechanism, the resulting notochord serves as a hydrostatic skeleton allowing for the locomotion of the swimming larva. Several basic cell behaviors, such as cell shape changes, cell rearrangement, establishment of cell polarity, and alteration of extracellular environment, are displayed in the process of notochord morphogenesis. Modern analysis of ascidian notochord morphogenesis promises to contribute to our understanding of these fundamental biological processes. Developmental Dynamics 236:1748–1757, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sharp developmental thresholds defined through bistability by antagonistic gradients of retinoic acid and FGF signaling
Authors: Goldbeter Albert , Gonze Didier , Pourquié Olivier 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe establishment of thresholds along morphogen gradients in the embryo is poorly understood. Using mathematical modeling, we show that mutually inhibitory gradients can generate and position sharp morphogen thresholds in the embryonic space. Taking vertebrate segmentation as a paradigm, we demonstrate that the antagonistic gradients of retinoic acid (RA) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) along the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) may lead to the coexistence of two stable steady states. Here, we propose that this bistability is associated with abrupt switches in the levels of FGF and RA signaling, which permit the synchronized activation of segmentation genes, such as mesp2, in successive cohorts of PSM cells in response to the segmentation clock, thereby defining the future segments. Bistability resulting from mutual inhibition of RA and FGF provides a molecular mechanism for the all‐or‐none transitions assumed in the “clock and wavefront” somitogenesis model. Given that mutually antagonistic signaling gradients are common in development, such bistable switches could represent an important principle underlying embryonic patterning. Developmental Dynamics 236:1495–1508, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of menstrual disturbance in eating disorders
Authors: Poyastro Pinheiro Andréa , Thornton Laura M. , Plotonicov Katherine H. , Tozzi Federica , Klump Kelly L. , Berrettini Wade H. , Brandt Harry , Crawford Steven , Crow Scott , Fichter Manfred M. , Goldman David , Halmi Katherine A. , Johnson Craig , Kaplan Allan S. , Keel Pamela , LaVia Maria , Mitchell James , Rotondo Alessandro , Strober Michael , Treasure Janet , Blake Woodside D. , Von Holle Ann , Hamer Robert , Kaye Walter H. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:To describe menstrual disturbance in eating disorders (ED).Method:We describe menstrual history in 1,705 women and compare eating, weight, and psychopathological traits across menstrual groups.Results:Menstrual dysfunction occurred across all eating disorder subtypes. Individuals with normal menstrual history and primary amenorrhea reported the highest and lowest lifetime body mass index (BMI), respectively. Normal menstruation and oligomenorrhea groups reported greater binge eating, vomiting, and appetite suppressant use. Amenorrhea was associated with lower caloric intake and higher exercise. Harm avoidance, novelty seeking, perfectionism, and obsessionality discriminated among menstrual status groups. No differences in comorbid Axis I and II disorders were observed.Conclusion:Menstrual dysfunction is not limited to any eating disorder subtype. BMI, caloric intake, and exercise were strongly associated with menstrual function. Menstrual status is not associated with comorbidity. Menstrual irregularity is an associated feature of all ED rather than being restricted to AN only. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Photoinitiation of Acrylate Polymerization with (Arene)chromium Complexes
Authors: Kündig E. Peter , Xu Long‐He , Kondratenko Mikhail , Cunningham Allan F. , Kunz Martin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPhotoinitiation of acrylate polymerization by [Cr(η6‐arene)(CO)3] complexes in the presence of an organic chloro compound was investigated. For the bimolecular system, a good correlation between activity and metal–arene and metal–carbonyl bond strength was observed. The highest efficiency was found for an initiator in which the organic chloro compound was tethered to the complexed arene: [Cr(η6‐C6H5CH2OCOCCl3)(CO)3]. The initial steps of the photoinitiation were probed and provided evidence for metal–arene bond cleavage in an Cr(η2‐acrylate)(η6‐arene)(CO)2 complex. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Studies Directed to the Synthesis of Oligochitosans – Preparation of Building Blocks and Their Evaluation in Glycosylation Studies
Authors: Grann Hansen Signe , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThioglucosaminides with four different N‐protecting groups, Troc, Phth, Alloc and PNZ could selectively be benzoylated at the C3 and C6‐hydroxy groups in good yields without the requirement for low‐temperature techniques. These reactions could be performed by refluxing a solution of the N‐protected amino sugars with benzoyl chloride, 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine and pyridine in dichloromethane. The efficacy of these thioglycosides both as donors and acceptors for the construction of chitosans was evaluated. Whereas, the thioglycosides could be easily coupled to simple alcohols in excellent yields using the glycosylation promoting system N‐iodosuccinimide and TMS triflate, these conditions could not effectuate coupling to the C4‐hydroxy group possessing flanking benzoyl protecting groups. On the other hand, exploitation of Crich's O‐glycosylation conditions involving a glycosyl triflate intermediate provided two different 1,4‐linked disaccharides in good yields.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Exercise decreases myelin‐associated glycoprotein expression in the spinal cord and positively modulates neuronal growth
Authors: Ghiani Cristina A. , Ying Zhe , Vellis Jean de , Gomez‐Pinilla Fernando 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo successfully grow, neurons need to overcome the effects of hostile environments, such as the inhibitory action of myelin. We have evaluated the potential of exercise to overcome the intrinsic limitation of the central nervous system for axonal growth. In line with the demonstrated ability of exercise to increase the regenerative potential of neurons, here we show that exercise reduces the inhibitory capacity of myelin. Cortical neurons grown on myelin from exercised rats showed a more pronounced neurite extension compared with neurons grown on poly‐D‐lysine, or on myelin extracted from sedentary animals. The activity of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5, a kinase involved in neurite outgrowth, was found to be increased in cortical neurons grown on exercise‐myelin and in the lumbar spinal cord enlargement of exercised animals. Exercise significantly decreased the levels of myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG), a potent axonal growth inhibitor, suggesting that downregulation of MAG is part of the mechanism through which exercise reduces growth inhibition. It is known that exercise elevates brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) spinal cord levels and that BDNF acts to overcome the inhibitory effects of myelin. Accordingly, we blocked the action of BDNF during exercise, which suppressed the exercise‐related MAG decrease. Protein kinase A (PKA) has been related to the ability of BDNF to overcome growth inhibition; in agreement, we found that exercise increased PKA levels and this effect was reverted by blocking BDNF. Overall, these results show that exercise promotes a permissive cellular environment for axonal growth in the adult spinal cord requiring BDNF action. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.