bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Corynebacterium parvum on tumour metastases in mice
Authors: Castro J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effects of Corynebacterium parvum on the Lewis lung tumour and its metastases have been studied. Intravenous but not intraperitoneal or subcutaneous C. parvum reduced the growth of the primary tumour. Both intravenous and intraperitoneal C. parvum significantly reduced pulmonary metastases. When combined with excision of the primary tumour, C. parvum given not more than 2 days before excision caused only slight reduction of metastases, but when given intravenously or intraperitoneally 3–4 days before excision, metastases were significantly reduced and some mice were cured of tumour. Subcutaneous C. parvum had no effects on metastases.
Non-specific operation (amputation) increased tumour metastases, but C. parvum counteracted this.
Metastases were significantly increased by the administration of silica and cortisone acetate but were unaffected by trypan blue. The antimetastatic action of C. parvum was not significantly altered by these treatments. Thymectomy and irradiation did not affect tumour metastases or the antimetastatic action of C. parvum, whereas antilymphocyte serum depressed metastasis and abrogated the protective effects of C. parvum.
It appears that the inhibitory effects of C. parvum on tumour metastases are mediated through macrophages in concert with a subpopulation of T2 lymphocytes.
Does the peritoneum need to be closed at laparotomy?
Authors: Ellis Harold , Heddle Robert 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Closure of vertical laparotomy wounds was randomized between a two-layer technique of continuous catgut to peritoneum and continuous nylon to sheath and a one-layer technique in which the peritoneal suture line was omitted. In 162 two-layer closures there were 4 burst abdomens and 7 wound hernias (6·8 per cent wound failures); in 164 one-layer closures there were 5 burst abdomens and 7 hernias (7·3 per cent failures). Of 21 patients in this series with jaundice, the abdominal wounds dehisced in 3, and 4 patients developed incisional hernias (33·3 per cent failures) compared with a 5·2 per cent failure rate in the 305 non-jaundiced patients (P &lt; 0·01).
Closure of the peritoneum as a separate layer, as widely advised and practised, appears to play no significant role in the healing of the laparotomy wound.
Rubber band ligation or lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for treatment of haemorrhoids
Authors: Arabi Y , Gatehouse D , Alexander-Williams J , Keighley M R B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A randomized trial has been conducted to compare treatment for first- and second-degree haemorrhoids by rubber band ligation and lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy. The symptomatic results of both procedures were similar at one year, though the initial results of sphincterotomy were poor. Eleven patients later required haemorrhoidectomy—5 after lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy and 6 after rubber band ligation. Rebanding was necessary in 11 patients treated by rubber band ligation (22 per cent). Immediate complications of pain and bleeding were reported in 27 per cent of patients treated by rubber band ligation compared with 14 per cent after lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy, whereas 2 patients developed a fistula after lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy.
Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy was associated with a 30 per cent reduction in anal sphincter pressure at 4–6 months and the anal pressure was also reduced (by 24 per cent) at 1 year. Rubber band ligation had no influence on anal pressure.
The poor results of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy occurred in patients with prolapse and with anal pressures of less than 100 cm H2O. Although lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is a satisfactory means of treating patients with first- and second-degree haemorrhoids, it requires admission to a day case unit. For this reason lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is unlikely to be preferred to rubber band ligation in the outpatient management of piles.
The treatment of colonic cancer presenting with intestinal obstruction
Authors: Irvin T T , Greaney M G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The factors affecting the prognosis of patients presenting with colonic obstruction caused by carcinoma were examined in a retrospective study of 66 patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstruction. The findings in these cases were compared with 176 patients with colonic cancer undergoing elective surgical treatment.
Obstructed patients had a significantly higher surgical mortality (37·9 per cent) than elective cases (11·9 per cent). There was a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastases in obstructed patients and those who survived surgery had a significantly lower 5-year survival rate (22·9 per cent) than elective cases (41·5 per cent). Primary resection of obstructing tumours was followed by a higher 5-year survival rate (31·8 per cent) than staged resections (7·7 per cent), but these operations were used selectively and the 5-year survivors following primary resection all had tumours of the proximal colon. Primary resection and anastomosis of the distal colon was associated with a surgical mortality of 50 per cent.
Further progress in the cure of patients with obstructing cancer of the colon may be limited by the aggressive nature of the disease, but the use of primary resection in these cases should be examined in a prospective clinical trial.
Familial abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Clifton Martin A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The case histories of three brothers, the only siblings of one family, all of whom underwent surgery for the treatment of a previously asymptomatic ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, are recorded.
The possibility of underlying constitutional and hereditary factors is discussed and the suggestion of a primary familial incidence of atheromatous, non-dissecting aortic aneurysm is raised.
Abdominal aortic aneurysms: Should they all be resected?
Authors: Christenson Jan , Eklöf Bo , Gustafson Ingvar 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective study has been carried out on 124 consecutive patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms admitted during the period 1960–74. The mortality rate after emergency operation was 56 per cent and after elective operation 15 per cent. As in other vascular centres during these years the mortality rate has decreased among electively operated patients. We have tried to answer two questions: which patients without signs of rupture should undergo operation and which patients with a ruptured aneurysm should not be operated upon?
Seasonal variation in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Lawrence J C , Xabregas A , Gray L , Ham J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two double-blind controlled clinical trials of the effectiveness of prophylactic low dose subcutaneous calcium heparin (dose based on body weight) in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been completed. The first was concerned with upper abdominal operations in 242 patients over 21 years of age, and the second with 50 patients presenting with a fracture of the neck of the femur. There was no increase in the incidence of bleeding or wound complications in the patients given heparin. In each trial, the incidence of DVT as diagnosed by 125I-labelled fibrinogen was significantly reduced in the treated group.
The incidence of DVT in the control groups varied significantly during the period of the trials. The incidence was much higher in the cold half of the year than in the hot months.
In the first trial, this variation in incidence was directly correlated with the average temperature and the diurnal variation in temperature in the perioperative period. These results may help to explain the considerable variation in the incidence of postoperative DVT reported from various parts of the world, and also from within Australia.
Cosmetic excision of an isolated extracranial arteriovenous malformation using Gelfoam embolization
Authors: Stillman Richard M , Powers John C , Fitzgerald Joseph F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Surgical excision of extracranial arteriovenous malformations may be indicated for cosmetic or urgent medical reasons, such as haemorrhage or high output cardiac failure. However, serious haemorrhage, incomplete removal and poor cosmetic results are well-known complications encountered after this operation. Preoperative embolization under angiographic control is recommended to reduce the incidence of these problems.
Perforated duodenal ulcer in the Black population of Central Johannesburg
Authors: Cooke S A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The increasing incidence of perforated duodenal ulcer among Black patients admitted to the Johannesburg General Hospital between 1966 and 1976 is described against a background of the different forms of peptic ulcer disease seen in this hospital population. Admission for perforation during the years 1973–6 was as common among Black as among White patients. Perforation occurred principally in young (20–40 years) Black males (sex ratio 14 : 1), with a short history of preceding symptoms, and treatment was usually by simple closure. In the White group the age range was broader (20–70 years) and the male : female ratio only 2·7 : 1. Duodenal ulcer occurred predominantly in males (ratio 6 : 1), and the spectrum of the disease among the Black population in this urban environment resembled that among the White population in Johannesburg and in Western countries in the relative frequency of perforation and haemorrhage, rarity of stenosis and ratio of duodenal to gastric ulceration.
Intrinsic factor secretion after vagotomy
Authors: Meikle D D , Bull J , Callender S T , Truelove S C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The intrinsic factor (IF) output during basal and Histalog-stimulated gastric secretion has been estimated in two series of patients with chronic duodenal ulcer before and 3 months or more after treatment by either highly selective vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The effects of the two different vagotomy operations appear to be virtually identical and each produced significant reductions in intrinsic factor secretion after Histalog stimulation. This confirms the view expressed by previous workers that it is the vagotomy as such which is responsible, excluding the drainage procedure from any possible role. Furthermore, as these results were demonstrated 3 months after operation, it is likely that the depressed IF secretion is a permanent feature and one which, it is postulated, may become progressively more severe.
In both series there is a marked reduction in IF output during the second hour of stimulated gastric secretion, indicating an early wash-out of preformed IF. This persists after vagotomy.
Intrathyroid cystic parathyroid adenoma: A rare case of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Grimley R P , Davies Hugh 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is presented of a 52-year-old man with a swelling in the neck and dysphagia resulting from an intrathyroid cystic parathyroid adenoma. Hypercalcaemia and unusually high parathyroid hormone levels were detected preoperatively. The adenoma was removed by partial hemithyroidectomy. The literature is reviewed.
Epidermal repair in chronic venous ulcers
Authors: Adair H M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Certain features of epidermal repair, namely increased mitotic activity, cell migration and cell differentiation, have been investigated in fresh biopsies from 17 patients with chronic venous ulcers, using light and electron microscopy. Increased mitotic activity was present at the edges of most of these lesions whether they were in a grossly recognizable healing or nonhealing phase, and some cells with ultrastructural features of migratory cells were invariably seen. The results are discussed in relation to other chronic epithelial lesions and suggest that failure of epithelialization is not due to any lack of epithelial cell production and that some other fundamental defect must be sought.
Occult primary malignant melanoma: Factors influencing survival
Authors: Milton G W , Shaw H M , McCarthy W H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seventy-six patients with occult primary malignant melanoma were studied in order to detect features which would help to determine prognosis. It was found that the 5-year survival rate of these patients was: (a) no worse than in patients first presenting with one known primary lesion and metastases; (b) just as poor for women as for men; (c) more favourable if only a single lymph node was involved with secondary deposits; (d) similar whether the manner of spread of the disease was lymphatic or haematogenous; (e) similar whether there was or was not a history of a pre-existing lesion.
The prognosis for occult primary malignant melanoma, although bad, is not hopeless.
Diagnosis and management of post-cholecystectomy symptoms: The place of endoscopy and retrograde choledochopancreatography
Authors: Blumgart L H , Carachi R , Imrie C W , Benjamin I S , Duncan J G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography (ERCP) was employed in 52 patients symptomatic after cholecystectomy in whom barium meal studies and intravenous cholangiography had failed to yield a diagnosis. Cannulation of the papilla of Vater was carried out in 50 of the patients in a mean time of 10 min. Diagnostic information demonstrating a pathological lesion or a normal biliary and pancreatic ductal system was obtained by means of endoscopy and ERCP in 48 cases. There were no serious complications.
A pathological lesion was demonstrated in all but one of the patients presenting with jaundice, cholangitis or pancreatitis but the diagnostic yield was not as high in patients with vague upper abdominal symptoms.
Endoscopy and ERCP are the investigative procedures of first choice in complex post-cholecystectomy cases in whom intravenous cholangiography fails, gives incomplete information or suggests normality in the face of continuing symptoms or clinical evidence of residual biliary disease.
A case of myasthenia gravis with thyrotoxicosis treated by combined subtotal thyroidectomy and total thymectomy
Authors: Naganathan N , Nambiar R , Tan N C , Chiang S C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thyrotoxicosis occurring in conjunction with myasthenia gravis is rare. The usual treatment consists of medical control of the thyrotoxicosis, then thymectomy and later subtotal thyroidectomy. The case reported here concerns a 19-year-old girl who had surgical treatment for both lesions on the same occasion. With proper medical preparation, modern anaesthesia and respiratory care, the surgical treatment of both lesions can be accomplished in one stage.
Total hepatic ischaemia in the Rhesus monkey
Authors: McMaster Paul , Medd Richard 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
During operations for major hepatic trauma it may be necessary temporarily to deprive the liver of its blood supply by occlusion of the hepatic artery and portal vein. The maximum ‘safe period’ of total hepatic ischaemia in man is unknown.
In the monkey the ischaemic liver ‘leaks’ potassium, and levels of this element in the hepatic veins rise during ischaemia reaching a peak immediately after blood supply to the liver is restored. However, critical systemic levels of potassium are never reached and severe biochemical disturbance does not occur until 2 h following revascularization in animals having experienced ischaemic periods of longer than 20 min.
Ultrasonic scanning of the thyroid gland as a guide to the treatment of the clinically solitary nodule
Authors: Spencer Ralph , Brown Malcolm C , Annis David 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonic scanning in the recognition of multinodular goitre in 87 patients referred for examination who were thought by the referring clinician to have a single nodule in the thyroid gland. Twenty-five were found to have multinodular glands, 23 of which were correctly identified by ultrasound. Of those who had truly solitary nodules, ultrasonic scanning enabled us to identify all 23 who had cystic lesions and 35 out of the 39 who had predominantly solid lesions. The clinical significance of these observations in the management of patients with so-called ‘single nodules’ is discussed.
Abnormalities of gastric emptying and pyloric reflux in uncomplicated hiatus hernia
Authors: Donovan I A , Harding L K , Keighley M R B , Griffin D W , Collis J Leigh 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We have measured the rate of gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals by an external scanning technique and have studied pyloric reflux by a radiological technique. Investigations were performed in patients with uncomplicated hiatal hernia, patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer and normal controls. There was a significant delay in the emptying of both solid and liquid meals in the patients with hiatal hernia compared with both the duodenal ulcer patients (solid meals P &lt; 0·01, liquid meals P &lt; 0·025) and with normal controls (solid meals P &lt; 0·05, liquid meals P &lt; 0·001). Duodenogastric reflux was observed in 35 per cent of hiatal hernia patients compared with 24 per cent of duodenal ulcer patients and no incidence in the controls.
Hydrotalcite in the treatment of bile vomiting
Authors: Hoare A M , McLeish A , Thompson H , Alexander-Williams J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seventeen patients have completed a double-blind crossover study of hydrotalcite against placebo in the treatment of bile vomiting after surgery for peptic ulcer. Overall there was no significant difference between the two treatments, with 9 patients improving on hydrotalcite and 5 on placebo. The original operation had been performed less than 3 years before the study in 9 patients; in this subgroup there was an improvement on hydrotalcite treatment in 8 patients but in only 1 on placebo. These differences are statistically significant (P &lt; 0·005). Nausea, vomiting, heartburn and epigastric tenderness were improved although gastritis and endoscopic changes were not affected. It appears that hydrotalcite can help palliate symptoms of bile vomiting occurring soon after surgery for peptic ulcer.
Leakage from T tube tracts as determined by contrast radiology
Authors: Domellöf L , Rydh A , Truedson H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The continuity of the T tube tract on removal of the drain was studied by fluoroscopic examination in 51 patients. Leakage was found in 25 cases (abdominal cavity 7, wound drain 6, local cavity 11, combined abdominal and wound drain leakage 1). No correlation was found between the incidence of pyrexia or pain and the presence of leakage. These complications, noted in 10 patients, are probably explained by bacterial contamination of the bile in combination with the trauma caused by extraction of the tube.
Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of the popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Authors: Miles S , Roediger W , Cooke P , Mieny C J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Doppler pulse recordings in a patient with asymptomatic popliteal entrapment were compared with those in 25 normal subjects. A drop in pulse amplitude and ankle systolic pressure produced by forcible leg extension and active foot plantar flexion distinguished the patient with the anomaly from the controls, in whom no change was noted during these manœuvres. This simple, non-invasive test thus diagnosed a potentially limb-threatening congenital abnormality in an asymptomatic patient with equivocal arteriographic findings.
Postoperative depression of lymphocyte transformation response to microbial antigens
Authors: Kehlet Henrik , Thomsen Mogens , Kjær Mogens , Platz Per 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Cell mediated immunofunction, as expressed by total lymphocyte count, B and T cell count, in vitro blastogenic response to unspecific mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin and poke weed mitogen) and microbial antigens (Candida albicans, purified protein derivative, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), was assessed in 8 otherwise normal patients undergoing elective, uncomplicated gastric surgery. The results showed a significant depression in all parameters on the first and/or third postoperative day, except for the blastogenic response to unspecific mitogens, which was unchanged throughout the study. Compared with the preoperative value, the total lymphocyte count decreased by 48 per cent with a similar fall in both T and B cells. The blastogenic response to C. albicans, purified protein derivative, Staph. aureus and E. coli decreased by 45, 42, 75 and 76 per cent respectively. When measured on the seventh and ninth postoperative days all parameters had returned to preoperative levels. Thus, even during clinically uncomplicated surgery, significant cell mediated immunodepression can be demonstrated by the blastogenic response of peripheral lymphocytes to common microbial antigens. The results suggest that this phenomenon may be secondary to the disappearance of specific reactive lymphocytes from the peripheral blood following surgical trauma.
A survey of protein nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease — a rational basis for nutritional therapy
Authors: Hill G L , Blackett R L , Pickford I R , Bradley J A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence of protein malnutrition was studied in 74 unselected patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were in the following categories: ileostomy (16), remission (15), elective surgery (12), acute attack (12), urgent surgery (10) and post-surgical complications (9).
Compared with a control group, the patients in the urgent surgery group had low values for plasma albumin, transferrin, pre-albumin and haemoglobin and these values were even lower in the patients who developed a major complication after surgery. There was no evidence of protein malnutrition in the ileostomy patients or in those in whom the disease was in remission.
Nutritional therapy is strongly indicated in patients who are admitted to hospital with a severe attack of colitis and in whom urgent surgery is probable.
Lignocaine: Its effects on wound healing
Authors: Morris Tom , Tracey Jocelyn 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the light of clinical observations that local anaesthetic impairs wound healing, the effect of lignocaine at various concentrations, with and without adrenaline, on the tensile strength of skin wounds in rats 3, 5 and 7 days after operation was studied. Lignocaine had an adverse effect on wound healing at 5 and 7 days, perhaps due partly to the destructive effect of the intra-and subcutaneous injection, but certainly due also to the lignocaine itself. Adrenaline potentiated this effect.
It was concluded that it is better to use dilute solutions of lignocaine, preferably without adrenaline, for local anaesthesia.
Day care and short stay surgery for hernia
Authors: Ruckley C A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe duration of postoperative stay has been falling in recent years as more conditions are considered suitable for outpatient cure. The introduction of short stay surgery not only relieves hospital waiting lists but also represents an economic advantage and has certain social benefits for the patients.The treatment of more patients as day cases reallocates the workload, putting increased responsibility on to outpatient clinics and general practitioner and community services. It also demands careful consideration of in-hospital operative and anaesthetic techniques to speed recovery and minimize complactions.
Radical mastectomy: A 27-year survey
Authors: Clyne Charles A C , Younghusband J D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Records of 736 cases of breast cancer presenting to one of the authors (J. D. Y.) have been kept over 27 years. The principles of treatment have remained the same throughout the survey. A radical mastectomy was carried out for stage I and early stage II cases, and when axillary nodes were histologically involved, immediate radiotherapy was given. The 5-, 10- and 15- year survival figures are reported.