bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a plant lignan, on Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Toyoda Takeshi , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Mizoshita Tsutomu , Nishibe Sansei , Deyama Takeshi , Takenaka Yoshiharu , Hirano Naoki , Tanaka Harunari , Takasu Shinji , Ban Hisayo , Kumagai Toshiko , Inada Ken‐ichi , Utsunomiya Hirotoshi , Tatematsu Masae 
Published: August 2007

Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consumption of certain natural products can lower cancer risk in humans. For example, plant‐derived lignans have been shown to exert chemopreventive effects against cancer in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of three such lignans, termed arctiin, arctigenin, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), on the proliferation of Helicobacter pylori and the prevention of H. pylori‐associated gastric cancer were investigated in Mongolian gerbils. To examine the effects of arctigenin and NDGA on stomach carcinogenesis, specific pathogen‐free male, 5‐week‐old gerbils were infected with H. pylori, administered 10 p.p.m. N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea in their drinking water and fed diets containing various concentrations of lignans until they were killed after 52 weeks. At a dietary level of 0.25%, NDGA significantly decreased the incidence of gastric adenocarcinomas. Arctigenin, in contrast, failed to attenuate neoplasia at a level of 0.1%. Both NDGA and arctigenin significantly reduced serum 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels at doses of 0.25 and 0.05% (NDGA), and 0.1% (arctigenin). Administration of 0.25% NDGA significantly suppressed the formation of intestinal metaplasia both in the antrum and the corpus. Although all three lignans dose‐dependently inhibited the in vitro proliferation of H. pylori, there were no differences in the titers of anti‐H. pylori antibodies or the amount of the H. pylori‐specific urease A gene among all H. pylori‐infected groups. These results suggest that NDGA might be effective for prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. The possible mechanisms appear to be related to inhibitory effects on progression of gastritis and antioxidative activity rather than direct antimicrobial influence. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1689–1695)
Taurine and zebu admixture in Near Eastern cattle: a comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal and Y‐chromosomal data
Authors: Edwards C. J. , Baird J. F. , MacHugh D. E. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryEight Bos taurus cattle breeds from the Near East region were screened with a Bos indicus (zebu)‐diagnostic Y‐specific microsatellite (INRA124) to estimate the proportion of zebu Y chromosomes in each population. This value was compared with previously published values for zebu introgression for both the mitochondrial and autosomal gene pools of the same breeds. All breeds revealed considerable levels of introgression from B. indicus cattle when the autosomal data were taken into consideration; this was particularly apparent in cattle populations from Iraq in the east, and declined in the populations further west towards Anatolia. This non‐random pattern of introgression and admixture is suggestive of the introduction of zebu cattle from the region corresponding to present‐day Iran and northern Pakistan. In addition, the maternal and paternal markers demonstrate that the movement of cattle into and within the Near East was complex.
Species richness and distribution of eastern Australian lake chironomids and chaoborids
Authors: WRIGHT IAN A. , BURGIN SHELLEY 
Published: August 2007

Summary1. Chironomids and chaoborids were collected across eastern Australia and Tasmania in dune, glacial, sinkhole and maar lakes. Based on sampling exuviae from these relatively undisturbed freshwater lakes, we observed that species richness on the Australian continent was substantially greater than previously reported, and challenge the long‐standing view that chironomid species richness is depauperate in Australian lakes, compared with the northern hemisphere.2. While chironomid species richness was equivalent across the four geographical regions sampled (tropical northern Queensland, Fraser Island, south‐eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania), there were only five ‘cosmopolitan’ species found across all regions. In general, species distributions were more closely associated with geographical region than with lake characteristics, and there were species assemblage differences among biogeographical regions. More than half of the 134 identified species were restricted to a single geographical region. Overall, Tasmanian lakes had the highest proportion of locally endemic species.3. Latitude and altitude more strongly influenced species assemblages than did lake chemistry, although species richness sometimes varied among lake geomorphic types within a region.
The sensitivity of phytoplankton in Loch Leven (U.K.) to changes in nutrient load and water temperature
Authors: ALEX ELLIOTT J. , MAY LINDA 
Published: August 2007

Summary1. Loch Leven is a shallow, eutrophic lake in Scotland, U.K. It has experienced much change over the 30 years that it has been studied; this has primarily been due to reduced nutrient loads to the lake through active catchment management. Its recovery has been slow and, therefore, we used a phytoplankton community model (PROTECH) to test its sensitivity to changing nutrient loads and water temperature.2. PROTECH was initialized to simulate the observed phytoplankton community in 1995 and was then repeatedly run through a combination of step‐wise changes in water temperature and nutrient load (two treatments were simulated for nutrient load: one changing both nitrate and phosphorus, and one changing just phosphorus). The effect on total chlorophyll‐a concentration, cyanobacteria abundance and phytoplankton diversity was examined.3. Whilst changes in temperature had little effect, variations in the nutrient load produced a range of responses. Increasing only the phosphorus load caused a large increase in Anabaena abundance and total chlorophyll‐a concentration. However, the opposite response was recorded when nitrate load was changed as well, with Anabaena increasing its biomass under reduced nutrient load scenarios.4. The key factor determining the type of response appeared to be nitrogen availability. Anabaena, a nitrogen fixer, could exploit the phosphorus resource of Loch Leven under limiting nitrogen conditions, allowing it to dominate under most of the scenarios tested apart from those supplying extra nitrogen to the lake. The model predictions agree with the observed data, which show that Anabaena continues to dominate the summer phytoplankton bloom in Loch Leven despite the considerable reduction in phosphorus supply from the catchment. This research provides a possible explanation for this.
An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change
Authors: WILSON ROBERT J. , GUTIÉRREZ DAVID , GUTIÉRREZ JAVIER , MONSERRAT VÍCTOR J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe geographic ranges of many species have shifted polewards and uphill in elevation associated with climate warming, leading to increases in species richness at high latitudes and elevations. However, few studies have addressed community‐level responses to climate change across the entire elevational gradients of mountain ranges, or at warm lower latitudes where ecological diversity is expected to decline. Here, we show uphill shifts in butterfly species richness and composition in the Sierra de Guadarrama (central Spain) between 1967–1973 and 2004–2005. Butterfly communities with comparable species compositions shifted uphill by 293 m (± SE 26), consistent with an upward shift of approximately 225 m in mean annual isotherms. Species richness had a humped relationship with elevation, but declined between surveys, particularly at low elevations. Changes to species richness and composition primarily reflect the loss from lower elevations of species whose regional distributions are restricted to the mountains. The few colonizations by specialist low‐elevation species failed to compensate for the loss of high‐elevation species, because there are few low‐elevation species in the region and the habitat requirements of some of these prevent them from colonizing the mountain range. As a result, we estimated a net decline in species richness in approximately 90% of the region, and increasing community domination by widespread species. The results suggest that climate warming, combined with habitat loss and other drivers of biological change, could lead to significant losses in ecological diversity in mountains and other regions where species encounter their lower latitudinal‐range margins.
Feigned mental disorder in prisoners referred to forensic mental health services
Authors: POLLOCK P. H. , QUIGLEY B. , WORLEY K. O. , BASHFORD C. 
Published: August 2007

Feigned mental disorder in prisoners referred to forensic mental health servicesThis paper describes a study that aimed to identify the extent to which feigning of mental illness represents a significant problem in prisoners referred to a medium secure unit. A clinical method was used to assess the prisoners, employing the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) and selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) validity indices. Stringent criteria were used to classify 60 consecutive referrals to a secure unit as feigning mental disorder or not. In addition, the study examined characteristic differences, on a number of selected variables, between those prisoners who feign and those who respond honestly. The personality profiles of prisoners who feign were also investigated. Analysis of data showed that 32% of the sample (P < 0.01) could be classified as fabricating or exaggerating symptoms of mental illness. It is suggested that such presentations may be more prevalent than previously considered. Few differences were observed between the groups on selected variables, although prisoners who feigned mental illness demonstrated significantly higher dependent and anxious (avoidant) personality types. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to available models of feigned presentations.
Suitability of Martian Environmental Conditions for Crop Growth on Mars
Authors: Hender M. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article has applied the results of plant growth experimentation under various conditions, including high carbon dioxide concentrations; low light, water, and nutrient levels; and the effect of low pressure and magnetic fields to plant growth and, more specifically, crop productivity. By examining the outcomes of these experiments the feasibility of crop growth under conditions that would be expected on Mars can be demonstrated. It is shown that stress factors likely to be encountered on Mars, including low light water and nutrient levels, can be compensated for through the use of an enriched CO2 environment. Other environmental factors are shown to be either not limiting on crop productivity, or easily compensated for in a managed greenhouse.
Peri‐oestrus Hormone Profiles and Follicle Growth in Lactating Sows with Oestrus Induced by Intermittent Suckling
Authors: Gerritsen R , Soede NM , Langendijk P , Dieleman SJ , Hazeleger W , Kemp B 
Published: August 2007

ContentsThis study describes follicle dynamics, endocrine profiles in multiparous sows with lactational oestrus compared with conventionally weaned sows (C). Lactational oestrus was induced by Intermittent Suckling (IS) with separation of sows and piglets for either 12 consecutive hours per day (IS12, n = 14) or twice per day for 6 h per occasion (IS6, n = 13) from day 14 of lactation onwards. Control sows (n = 23) were weaned at day 21 of lactation. Pre‐ovulatory follicles (≥6 mm) were observed in 100% of IS12, 92% of IS6 and 26% of C sows before day 21 of lactation and in the remaining 74% C sows within 7 days after weaning. All sows with pre‐ovulatory follicles showed oestrus, but not all sows showed ovulation. Four IS6 sows and one IS12 sow developed cystic follicles of which two IS6 sows partially ovulated. Follicle growth, ovulation rate and time of ovulation were similar. E2 levels tended to be higher in IS sows (p = 0.06), the pre‐ovulatory LH surge tended to be lower in IS12 (5.1 ± 1.7 ng/ml) than in C sows (8.4 ± 5.0 ng/ml; p = 0.08) and P4 levels were lower in IS12 and IS6 than in C sows (at 75 h after ovulation: 8.8 ± 2.4 ng/ml vs 7.0 ± 1.4 ng/ml vs 17.1 ± 4.4 ng/ml; p < 0.01). In conclusion, sows with lactational oestrus induced by IS are similar to weaned sows in the timing of oestrus, early follicle development and ovulation rates, but the pre‐ovulatory LH surge and post‐ovulatory P4 increase are lower.
Relationships between Ultrasonographic Image Attributes, Histomorphology and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression of Bovine Antral Follicles and Corpora Lutea ex situ
Authors: Liu X , Hart EJ , Petrik JJ , Nykamp SG , Bartlewski PM 
Published: August 2007

ContentsThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships between quantitative ultrasonographic image characteristics, histological attributes and cell proliferating ability of bovine antral follicles and corpora lutea (CL) ex situ. Bovine ovaries (n = 30) from animals at various reproductive states (metoestrus‐early dioestrus, n = 8; mid‐dioestrus, n = 12; oestrous phase of peripubertal heifers, n = 6; and pregnancy, n = 4) were collected at the slaughterhouse. High‐resolution ultrasonographic images of the ovaries were obtained in the water bath, digitized and subjected to computerized image analyses. The analyses utilized line and spot techniques designed to determine pixel values of the follicular wall (the largest follicles >2 mm in diameter in each ovary) and CL, respectively. Individual ovarian structures were dissected and processed for histology and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The mean follicular diameter was negatively correlated with total cell density (r = −0.45, p < 0.05), granulosa layer thickness (r = −0.67, p < 0.001) and the percentage of PCNA‐positive cells (r = −0.57, p < 0.001). Numerical pixel values and heterogeneity of the follicular wall were positively correlated with total cell density (r = 0.42, p < 0.05 and r = 0.62, p < 0.05; respectively), granulosa layer thickness (both r = 0.39, p < 0.05), and the percentage of PCNA‐positive cells (r = 0.54, p < 0.01 and r = 0.69, p < 0.001, respectively). Estimates of cell density and proliferating cell index were not correlated with the ultrasonographic image attributes of CL. We conclude that follicular size and echotextural variables, as determined by computer‐assisted image analysis of ovaries ex situ, are reliable markers of the histophysiological properties of bovine antral follicles, but the ultrasonographic characteristics are not indicative of cell density and proliferation in the bovine CL.
Prolonged Foetal Retention in a Bitch Resulting in Trichogranulomatuous Panmetritis and Re‐establishment of Fertility After Unilateral Ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Günzel‐Apel AR , Fehr M , Seefeldt A , Reischauer A , Schoon HA 
Published: August 2007

ContentsThis case report describes the clinical course, the diagnostic and therapeutic management as well as histopathological findings in a case of foetal retention for about 5 months in a 5‐year‐old Boxer. Clinical symptoms included mucosanguinous vaginal discharge and a firm ovoid mass of about duck egg size palpable in mid abdomen. Sonographic examination was not suitable to visualize uterine contents, while radiography revealed a conglomeration of foetal bones focally visible in the right uterine horn, which was surgically removed together with the ipsilateral ovary in order to maintain the fertility of the bitch. After lancing the uterine wall the osseous skeleton as well as parts of hairy skin and muscles of the foetus attaching the uterine wall were detected. Histologically a unilateral necrotizing panmetritis with almost complete destruction of the endometrial structures was diagnosed. Furthermore, the endometrium, the myometrium as well as the serosa revealed a severe trichogranulomatuous inflammation with numerous foetal hairs visible within the inflammatory alterations. After treatment of the bitch with prostaglandin F2α and an antibiotic agent she became pregnant in the second heat after surgery and gave birth to two healthy puppies. This is the first report on foetal retention for several months followed by unilateral ovariohysterectomy with subsequent recovery of fertility. Furthermore, this case report describes for the first time the histomorphological diagnosis of a unilateral trichogranulomatuous panmetritis in a bitch.
Bilateral Malignant Seminoma with Metastases in the Mule: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Galofaro V , Consiglio C , Rapisarda G , Marino F 
Published: August 2007

ContentsWe report two cases of bilateral malignant seminoma in the bursula testium of two mules, which had been slaughtered normally. Histologically, the testicular tumours consisted predominantly of large round to polyhedral cells with frequent mitotic figures. Metastases were found in the sublumbar lymph nodes. A final histopathological diagnosis of malignant seminoma with metastasis was made. To our knowledge, this paper appears to be the first report of two cases of bilateral malignant seminoma with metastases, in the mule.
Effects of audio stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in healthy adolescents and adults
Authors: Chen Dennis D , Xu Xiaohong , Zhao Qian , Yin Jieyun , Sallam Hanaa , Chen Jiande DZ 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different audio stimulations on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in adolescents compared with adults.Methods:  The study was performed in 11 adults and 12 adolescents. Each subject underwent two sessions, one for classical music, and the other for noise. Each session consisted of 30 min of baseline, 30 min of fasting audio stimulation, a test meal, 30 min of fed audio stimulation, and 30 min of recovery. Electrocardiogram and electrogastrogram were both recorded throughout each session.Results:  (i) In the fasting state, both classical music and noise impaired gastric slow wave activity in adolescents. In adults, noise had no effects while classical music moderately improved slow wave rhythmicity. (ii) In the fed state, neither noise nor music had any effects on gastric slow waves. (iii) In the fasting state, both noise and music increased the sympathovagal balance in adolescents; in adults only noise had such an effect. (iv) The test meal increased the sympathovagal balance in all groups.Conclusions:  Gastric slow waves and the sympathovagal balance are more strongly affected by audio stimulation in adolescents than in adults. The test meal normalizes the audio stimulation‐induced differences between the groups.
Clinical features of Japanese patients with colonic angiodysplasia
Authors: Ueno Satoru , Nakase Hiroshi , Kasahara Katsuhiro , Uza Norimitsu , Kitamura Hiroshi , Inoue Satoko , Mikami Sakae , Matsuura Minoru , Chiba Tsutomu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  With improvements in endoscopic resolution, angiodysplasia (AGD) has become an increasingly recognized disorder. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of Japanese patients with colonic AGD and compare them to the clinical features of Western patients.Methods:  Retrospective analyses were performed in all patients who had undergone colonoscopical examination from March 2003 to October 2005 at the Kyoto University Hospital. Four independent literature searches were performed to document the characteristics of colonic AGD in Western countries. The characteristics of 41 Japanese patients diagnosed as having colonic AGD were compared with those of Western patients.Results:  The incidence of colonic AGD increased with age, and the most prevalent underlying disease in patients with colonic AGD was cardiovascular disease (56.1%). These tendencies were similar in the Japanese and Western data. Colonic AGD in Japanese patients was predominantly located in the left colon (41.7%), whereas in Western patients, it was mainly located in the right colon (54%−81.9%). The percentage of colonic AGD with a size of more than 5 mm or elevated type detected in Japanese patients was significantly higher than that in Western patients.Conclusion:  The characteristics of Japanese patients with colonic AGD were similar to those of Western patients, except for its localization, size, and type.
Lymphangiogenesis concurrent with haemangiogenesis in the human cornea
Authors: Regina Meredith , Zimmerman Robert , Malik Gulraiz , Gausas Roberta 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground:  Corneal transplant rejection can occur with and without neovascularization; therefore, it is necessary to elucidate what other factors allow for rejection. It has been suggested that the lymphatic system may play a role in graft failure, but it has also been held that the cornea is devoid of lymphatics. Use of a new monoclonal antibody against a lymphatic endothelial marker, D2‐40, has been used to detect lymphatics in other tissues. The purpose of this study was to use this new tool to determine if the human cornea can undergo lymphangiogenesis.Methods:  Twelve corneal buttons submitted for routine pathology were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody against D2‐40 to detect the presence/absence of lymphatics by light microscopy.Results:  By the criteria defined, lymphatic vessels were identified in seven out of 12 corneal buttons. In these cases, there was also evidence of neovascularization. Lymphatic positive buttons included four cases where there were histological markers of inflammation. There were no identifiable lymphatics in the remaining five cases and no sign of vascularization.Conclusions:  Corneal lymphatics were identified in association with corneal neovascularization, via the use of a monoclonal antibody against D2‐40. In non‐vascularized corneas, lymphatics were absent.
Influence of residual stresses from shot peening on fretting fatigue crack growth
Authors: CADARIO A. , ALFREDSSON B. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTOne method to improve fretting fatigue life is to shot peen the contact surfaces. Experimental fretting life results from specimens in a Titanium alloy with and without shot peened surfaces were evaluated numerically. The residual stresses were measured at different depths below the fretting scar and compared to the corresponding residual stress profile of an unfretted surface. Thus, the amount of stress relaxation during fretting tests was estimated. Elastic–plastic finite element computations showed that stress relaxation was locally more significant than that captured in the measurements. Three different numerical fatigue crack growth models were compared. The best agreement between experimental and numerical fatigue lives for both peened and unpeened specimens was achieved with a parametric fatigue growth procedure that took into consideration the growth behaviour along the whole front of a semi‐elliptical surface crack. Furthermore, the improved fretting fatigue life from shot peening was explained by slower crack growth rates in the shallow surface layer with compressive residual stresses from shot peening. The successful life analyses hinged on three important issues: an accurate residual stress profile, a sufficiently small start crack and a valid crack growth model.