bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolving group: towards a prescriptive theory of intentional group development
Authors: Akrivou Kleio , Boyatzis Richard. E. , McLeod Poppy L. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework for understanding and formulating team intentional change.Design/methodology/approachBased on a critical review of existing theories of group development, gaps in the literature regarding how teams can and should develop, especially when the change is intentional and has a desired direction, are examined. A set of propositions is offered to address these aspects of group development that have been neglected by the literature.FindingsA systematic and critical discussion of the core literature on group development showed: the complex and discontinuous nature of change in groups was neglected, because the group was not treated as a complex system; the literature has not dealt with group development processes when the change process is intentional (it has been descriptive of what occurs), nor has it examined which are key drivers of group change; existing literature on group development have predominantly seen negative emotion as catalytic to group development, and they have ignored the role of positive emotion. Therefore, drawing on positive psychology, complexity theory, small group research literatures, and Boyatzis' intentional change theory, a prescriptive theoretical framework for explaining intentional group change and development is offered and discussed.Originality/valueA prescriptive model or theoretical framework with a set of hypotheses are proposed that explain intentional, and positive group development processes.
Intentional change theory at the organizational level: a case study
Authors: Van Oosten Ellen B. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the application of intentional change theory (ICT) at the organizational level through the lens of a case study.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a case study of Roadway Express, a leading transportation provider of industrial and commercial goods throughout North America, which embarked on a journey of cultural transformation in 1999, using a popular change process known as appreciative inquiry (AI). The Roadway case study illustrates both the theory of intentional change and the method of AI in use and provides a platform upon which to observe change at the organizational level.FindingsRoadway Express serves as a solid benchmark for organizations considering how to succeed in cultural transformation. The implementation of the philosophy and methodology of appreciative inquiry, played a key role in that success. Analysis shows the link between ICT and AI. From this observation, ICT emerges as a stand‐along theory upon which to interpret the success of Roadway's organizational change efforts.Practical implicationsDrawing insight from the Roadway case study, ICT provides us with a comprehensive model for understanding how to approach and sustain change at the organizational level.Originality/valueFor the past three decades, most of the work using intentional change theory has focused on individual change. This paper presents a different view of the same theory, this time at the organizational level. This insight may be of interest to leaders, managers and change agents.
Social capital and intentional change
Authors: Smith Melvin L. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeBetter understanding the mechanisms through which individuals engage in sustainable change efforts has been an ongoing concern of both researchers and practitioners. While dyadic interactions with others can play a significant role in individual change efforts, the purpose of this article is to explore how the networks of relationships in which individuals are embedded are likely to impact their efforts to engage in sustainable change.Design/methodology/approachThis article develops a conceptual framework and offers propositions regarding the suggested impact of bridging and bonding social capital on each of the discovery phases of the intentional change process.FindingsDrawing on a variety of literatures, It is argued that the bridging and bonding forms of social capital may each significantly influence the intentional change process, but in different ways. Also provided is an example of how the intentional change process can, in turn, be utilized to build one's social capital.Originality/valueWhile previous research on intentional change has alluded to the importance of relationships to individual change efforts, little attention has been paid to the role that social capital may play in facilitating the individual change process. Considering the role of social capital in individual change efforts may suggest new avenues of inquiry for researchers, as well as provide insight to practitioners interested in mechanisms to facilitate change at the individual level.
National level intentional change: a story of two countries
Authors: Howard Anita , Coombe Duncan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an insight, through an examination of the American Civil Rights Movement and the Anti‐Apartheid Movement in South Africa, into how desired change occurs at a national or cultural level of social organization.Design/methodology/approachThe words and actions of two key figures in these national change movements are analyzed through the use of intentional change theory, and its constituent elements of discontinuous change, reference groups, the ideal self and emotional attractors.FindingsThe findings lead to the suggestion that great leaders, at times of national change, articulate a shared ideal or national vision and are primarily grounded in the positive emotional attractor. Furthermore, they appeal to their followers' cognition and affect.Research limitations/implicationsWhile these two figures are prominent historical figures in their respective change movements, it is naïve to suggest that they were solely responsible for the change. Future research could look at the many other figures and factors that played a role in these tremendously complex and sensitive change processes.Practical implicationsThis paper has important implications for people involved in change efforts at the national and cultural level. It provides evidence from two exemplary cases that could be applied to other such situations.Originality/valueThis paper develops an insight into how desired change occurs at a national or cultural level of social organization. In a world riddled with tension, violence and poverty, this insight is potentially of great value.
Detailed formulation of the rotation‐free triangular element “S3” for general purpose shell analysis
Authors: Sabourin Francis , Brunet Michel 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present an enriched formulation of a rotation‐free (RF) triangular shell element in order to use it for shells of general shapes while, up to now, it is limited to shells without branching surfaces and progressive variations in terms of material behavior and thickness.Design/methodology/approachThe formulation keeps the main characteristic of Morley's element: bending effects can be expressed with three “bending angles” only. But, for a RF element, these angles are defined with the rigid body rotations of the element itself and those of its neighbours. This usual formulation of a RF shell element can be extended provided that curvatures‐displacements relation involves the material characteristics of the element itself and of its neighbours and the same goes for thickness.FindingsNumerous examples with regular and irregular meshes of structures involving branching surfaces point out convergence and accuracy. Large displacement analyses – including crash simulations – show the effectiveness, too. A deep‐drawing of a “U” shape and the following springback prediction highlight the fact that the curvatures are captured more exactly (when nodes slide on die radius) since they are imposed in terms of translations whereas they are traditionally computed with nodal rotations not managed by contact conditions on the tooling.Practical implicationsThe “S3” element detailed here is implemented in RADIOSS® software. The general conclusions are that this triangle often gives almost the same result as “DKT18” but is two times less cheaper and it is found interesting for sheet forming simulations.Originality/valueSpecificity of such an element clearly appears while lifting the initial restrictions quoted before.
A method for prediction and estimation of large‐amplitude optical flows via extended Kalman filtering approach
Authors: Michailovich Oleg , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper seeks to develop a reliable and computationally efficient method for estimating and predicting large‐amplitude optical flows via taking into consideration their coherence along the time dimension.Design/methodology/approachAlthough the differential‐based techniques for estimating optical flows have long been in wide use owing to the relative simplicity of their mathematical description, their applicability is known to be limited to the situations, when the optical flow has a relatively small norm. In order to extend such method to deal with large‐amplitude optical flows, it is proposed to model the optical flow as a composition of its time‐delayed version and a complementary optical flow. The former is used to predict the current optical flow and, subsequently, to warp forward the preceding image of the tracking sequence, while the latter accounts for the residual displacements that are estimated using Kalman filtering based on the “small norm” assumption.FindingsThe study shows that taking into consideration the temporal coherence of optical flows results in considerable improvement in the quality of their estimation in the case when the amplitude of the optical flow is relatively large and, hence, the “small norm” assumption is not applicable.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present work, the algorithm is formulated under the assumption that the optical flow is affine. This assumption may be restrictive in practice. Consequently, an important direction to extend this work is to consider more general classes of optical flows.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the present study is the use of multigrid methods and a projection scheme to relate the state equation to the apparent image motion.
Applicability of the FSEM for analyzing wire flat rolling process
Authors: Kazeminezhad M. , Karimi Taheri A. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the ability of combined finite and slab element method (FSEM) for analyzing the wire flat rolling process.Design/methodology/approachUsing the FSEM, the effective strain field of flat rolled wire is predicted for different reductions in height and frictional conditions. The validity of the method is assessed by performing the Vickers microhardness measurements on the flattened wire cross section. Also, the creation of macroscopic shear bands in cross section of the flat rolled wire is investigated and confirmed by microhardness and metallographic examinations. Moreover, the lateral spread and width of contact area are predicted by the FSEM for different reductions in height and frictional conditions.FindingsThe FSEM and microhardness results show the minimum and the maximum effective strains at the round edge and center of the flattened wire, respectively. Also, the results show the bands of maximum effective strain at cross section of the flattened wire, i.e. macroscopic shear bands.Practical implicationsThis paper can be useful in rolling industries to produce electronic parts, various springs, trolley cables, piston rings, and guide rails.Originality/valueThe paper shows the applicability of the FSEM for calculating the effective strain field and geometry of wire after wire flat rolling process.
Computation of multiple bifurcation point
Authors: Rezaiee‐Pajand M. , Vejdani‐Noghreiyan H.R. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a new method for finding multiple bifurcation points in structures.Design/methodology/approachA brief review of nonlinear analysis is presented. A powerful method (called arc‐length) for tracing nonlinear equilibrium path is described. Techniques for monitoring critical points are discussed to find the rank deficiency of the stiffness matrix. Finally, by using eigenvalue perturbation of tangent stiffness matrix, load parameter associated with multiple bifurcation points is obtained.FindingsSince other methods of finding simple bifurcation points diverge in the neighborhood of critical points, this paper introduces a new method to find multiple bifurcation points. It should be remembered that a simple bifurcation point is a multiple bifurcation point with rank deficiency equal to one. Therefore, the method is applicable to simple critical points as well.Practical implicationsGlobal buckling of the structures should be considered in design. Many structures (specially symmetric space structures) have multiple bifurcation points, therefore, analyst and designer should be aware of these points and should control them (for example, by changing the geometry or other related factors) for obtaining a safe and optimum design.Originality/valueIn this paper a robust method to find multiple bifurcation points is introduced. By using this method, engineers can be aware of critical load of multiple bifurcation points to control global buckling of related structures.
Numerical modelling of spontaneous crack generation in brittle materials using the particle simulation method
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Nishiyama T. , Murakami A. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to present and use the particle simulation method to explicitly simulate the spontaneous crack initiation phenomenon in brittle materials, and to compare the particle simulation results with experimental ones on the laboratory scale.Design/methodology/approachUsing the particle simulation method, the brittle material is simulated as an assembly of particles so that the microscopic mechanism of inter‐ and intra‐particle crack initiation can be straightforwardly considered on the microscopic scale. A laboratory test has been conducted using a gypsum sample model to validate the particle simulation method for explicitly simulating the spontaneous crack initiation phenomenon.FindingsThe paper finds that in terms of simulating the macroscopic sliding surface along or around the contact plane between a block and its foundation, both the laboratory test and the particle simulation have produced consistent results. This indicated that the particle simulation method is capable of simulating macroscopic cracks through simulating conglomerations and accumulations of microscopic crack initiation within the brittle material. Compared with other numerical methods, the particle simulation method is more suitable for explicitly and effectively simulating spontaneous crack initiation problems on the microscopic scale in brittle materials.Originality/valueThe particle simulation method can be used to explicitly and effectively simulate the spontaneous crack initiation on the microscopic scale in brittle materials. It can be also used to simulate the macroscopic sliding surface along or around the contact plane between a block and its foundation. The experimental results of simulating the spontaneous crack initiation on the laboratory scale in brittle materials are very valuable for validating the numerical simulation results obtained not only from the particle simulation method, but also from other numerical simulation methods.
An illustration of modeling moderating variables in cross‐national studies
Authors: Garcia Rosanna , Kandemir Destan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore how moderation can and should be modeled in cross‐national/cultural contexts. A multi‐national study of consumer involvement is utilized to demonstrate proper methods for modeling the different types of moderation.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from a consumer survey regarding wine purchasing preferences conducted in Australia, New Zealand and the USA, the paper demonstrates how to identify moderators of form and of strength. A form moderator is modeled using multiplicative interactions while a strength moderator is modeled using multi‐group analyses in structural equation modeling (SEM). Differences in consumers across the three countries are examined from the results.FindingsThis study suggests that search behavior is positively influenced by involvement in New Zealand and the USA but not in Australia. It also shows that perceived risk of occasion decreases involvement in all three countries, while partial support for the positive effects of importance of tradition on involvement is found. Furthermore, “perceived risk of occasion,” identified as a moderator of form, is found to significantly moderate the relationship between importance of tradition and involvement in the US sample only. Finally, the results demonstrate significant differences across the three samples in relationships among importance of tradition, perceived risk of occasion, involvement, and search behavior, indicating that the country variable has significant moderator effects.Originality/valueUnderstanding form vs strength moderation is important when evaluating multi‐national/cultural differences so that proper methodology can be utilized. This paper provides international marketing researchers with guidelines on how to model interactions and multi‐group comparisons using SEM.
Reconsidering the problem of data equivalence in international marketing research
Authors: Salzberger Thomas , Sinkovics Rudolf R. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper investigates the suitability of the Rasch model for establishing data equivalence. The results based on a real data set are contrasted with findings from standard procedures based on CFA methods.Design/methodology/approachSinkovics et al.'s data on technophobia was used and re‐evaluated using both classical test theory (CTT) (multiple‐group structural equations modelling) and Rasch measurement theory.FindingsData equivalence in particular and measurement in general cannot be addressed without reference to theory. While both procedures can be considered best practice approaches within their respective theoretical foundation of measurement, the Rasch model provides some theoretical virtues. Measurement derived from data that fit the Rasch model seems to be approximated by classical procedures reasonably well. However, the reverse is not necessarily true.Practical implicationsThe more widespread application of Rasch models would lead to a stronger justification of measurement, in particular, in cross‐cultural studies but also whenever measures of individual respondents are of interest.Originality/valueMeasurement models outside the framework of CTT are still scarce exceptions in marketing research.
Researching the socio‐cultural context: putting social representations theory into action
Authors: Penz Elfriede 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims at contributing to the conceptual and methodological advancement of international marketing research.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of social representations is utilized to study what the representatives of a certain culture think of objects and products; which values they associate with these, which norms they follow, and in general how they view the world.FindingsTriangulation was employed to facilitate researchers' access to the social representations approach. Six focus group discussions were conducted combined with a free association instrument answered by a sample of 250 respondents. The empirical study began from a social constructionist perspective. Findings showed that several conceptual and functional aspects of a technological innovation (m‐commerce services) are idiosyncratic to particular groups, reflecting the group's societal affiliation and position.Research implications/limitationsA translation problem prevails when dealing with specific words from cross‐cultural research and the similarity of concepts must be considered when translating free associations in the course of international research. Other methodologies were only conceptually presented but not empirically used. Visual approaches such as pictorial instruments or ethnographical tools should be applied in future research.Originality/valueThe results provide a solid basis for international marketing research and suggestions for expanding the current study into international marketing research are provided.
Employing information communication technologies to enhance qualitative international marketing enquiry
Authors: Loane Sharon , Bell Jim , McNaughton Rod 
Published: July 2006

PurposeExtant international marketing enquiry has been widely criticised for lacking scope and ambition. Typically, empirical investigations have involved single market studies employing quantitative methods and survey techniques. Consequently, researchers have been challenged to embrace greater methodological pluralism and broaden their geographical perspectives. This contribution posits that new information communication technologies (ICT), particularly the internet, can significantly improve the robustness of qualitative and mixed‐method international marketing research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes and evaluates the application of ICT in a recent cross‐national enquiry into rapidly internationalising small firms. Online sources were used to gather information on 218 internationalising small firms, in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand. An e‐mail instrument was then administered to verify this data and address information gaps, resulting in 143 usable responses, evenly distributed across locations. Key emerging themes were identified and a representative sub‐sample of 53 firms was selected for further in‐depth investigation via face‐to‐face interviews with CEOs.FindingsThe authors contend that such technologies can help to refine sample identification and selection procedures, improve response rates and encourage greater respondent “buy‐in” to depth interviews. They also lead to much more targeted lines of enquiry during depth interviews by identifying key research themes and issues, thus enhancing the depth and richness of the insights obtained.Originality/valueThe paper concludes that novel ICT‐enabled research approaches as described herein are particularly effective because, compared to conventional survey methods, they are more user friendly and better received by subjects.