bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the triad of neuroinvasion, neurodissemination, and neuroinflammation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the central nervous system
Authors: Calado Marta , Ferreira Rita , Pires David , Santos‐Costa Quirina , Anes Elsa , Brites Dora , Azevedo‐Pereira José Miguel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age‐related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV‐associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively referred to as HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND encompasses a spectrum of different clinical presentations ranging from milder forms such as asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder to a severe HIV‐associated dementia (HAD). Although control of viral replication and suppression of plasma viral load with combination antiretroviral therapy has reduced the incidence of HAD, it has not reversed milder forms of HAND. The objective of this review, is to describe the mechanisms by which HIV‐1 invades and disseminates in the CNS, a crucial event leading to HAND. The review will present the evidence that underlies the relationship between HIV infection and HAND. Additionally, recent findings explaining the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HAND will be discussed, along with prospects for treatment and control.
In Situ Engineering Multifunctional Active Sites of Ruthenium–Nickel Alloys for pH‐Universal Ampere‐Level Current‐Density Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Hang , Dai Tian‐Yi , Zeng Shu‐Pei , Han Gao‐Feng , Wang Tong‐Hui , Wen Zi , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping robust non‐platinum electrocatalysts with multifunctional active sites for pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for scalable hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting. Here ultra‐small ruthenium‐nickel alloy nanoparticles steadily anchored on reduced graphene oxide papers (Ru‐Ni/rGOPs) as versatile electrocatalytic materials for acidic and alkaline HER are reported. These Ru–Ni alloy nanoparticles serve as pH self‐adaptive electroactive species by making use of in situ surface reconstruction, where surface Ni atoms are hydroxylated to produce bifunctional active sites of Ru‐Ni(OH)2 for alkaline HER, and selectively etched to form monometallic Ru active sites for acidic HER, respectively. Owing to the presence of Ru‐Ni(OH)2 multi‐site surface, which not only accelerates water dissociation to generate reactive hydrogen intermediates but also facilitates their recombination into hydrogen molecules, the self‐supported Ru90Ni10/rGOP hybrid electrode only takes overpotential of as low as ≈106 mV to deliver current density of 1000 mA cm−2, and maintains exceptional stability for over 1000 h in 1 m KOH. While in 0.5 m H2SO4, the Ru90Ni10/rGOP hybrid electrode exhibits acidic HER catalytic behavior comparable to commercially available Pt/C catalyst due to the formation of monometallic Ru shell. These electrochemical behaviors outperform some of the best Ru‐based catalysts and make it attractive alternative to Pt‐based catalysts toward highly efficient HER.
Cavitation assisted intensification of biogas production: A review
Authors: Gharat Sandip H. , Gogate Parag R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntensified cavitation‐assisted biogas production from sustainable feedstock has been discussed describing the working principles and governing mechanisms for intensification. Various methods of biogas production discussed in the work include activated sludge processes, membrane bioreactor (MBR), and processes involving methanogenic and sulfate‐reducing microorganisms. Design aspects of cavitational reactors (sonochemical and hydrodynamic cavitation) have been presented with detailed understanding into effect of several operational parameters, such as the biomass‐to‐water ratio, operating pressure, treatment duration, operating temperature, power dissipation, and so on. Selection of optimum parameters is crucial to improve the performance and observed intensification from such processes. The possible benefits in terms of applicability to various types of biomass, efficiency, higher yields, and energy‐saving as compared to the conventional production processes have been demonstrated. Overall, cavitation‐assisted techniques are very effective in increasing biogas production and have significant potential for commercial applications, which would result in significant cost savings.
Propofol partial intravenous anaesthesia with isoflurane alone or in combination with fentanyl and ketamine infusions in three captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) undergoing different diagnostic and surgical procedures
Authors: Gómez Fernández Laura , Pentsou Kyratsoula , Flynn Emma , Potter Joanna , Huuskonen Vilhelmiina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were scheduled for diagnostic and surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. After premedication with oral midazolam (0.2 mg kg−1) and intramuscular medetomidine (20 µg kg−1) and ketamine (3 mg kg−1), anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol (1–4 mg kg−1). The animals were then maintained under general anaesthesia with propofol partial intravenous anaesthesia (0.10–0.17 mg kg−1 min−1) and isoflurane. On four occasions, the anaesthetised animals received fentanyl (1–3 µg kg−1 h−1) and ketamine (5–10 µg kg−1 min−1) infusions for analgesia. All animals recovered uneventfully. This case series details the anaesthetic protocols used, the challenges presented to the anaesthetist by this species and the peri‐anaesthetic complications observed. It also introduces the use of propofol total intravenous anaesthesia as an option for safe transportation of captive chimpanzees between facilities.
Late video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus thoracostomy tube reinsertion for retained hemothorax after penetrating trauma, a prospective randomized control study
Authors: Edu Sorin , Nicol Andrew , Neuhaus Valentin , McPherson Deidre , Navsaria Pradeep H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the recommended treatment of choice for retained hemothorax (RH). A prospective single‐center randomized control study was conducted to compare outcomes between VATS and thoracostomy tube (TT) reinsertion for patients with RH after penetrating trauma in a resource constrained unit. Our hypothesis was that patients with a RH receiving VATS instead of TT reinsertion would have a shorter hospital stay and lesser complications.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2014 to November 2019, stable patients with thoracic penetrating trauma complicated with retained hemothoraces were randomized to either VATS or TT reinsertion. The outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS) and complications.ResultsOut of the 77 patients assessed for eligibility, 65 patients were randomized and 62 analyzed: 30 in the VATS arm and 32 in the TT reinsertion arm. Demographics and mechanisms of injury were comparable between the two arms. Length of hospital stay was: preprocedure: VATS 6.8 (+/−2.8) days and TT 6.6 (+/− 2.4) days (p = 0.932) and postprocedure: VATS 5.1 (+/−2.3) days, TT 7.1 (+/−6.3) days (p = 0.459), total LOS VATS 12 (+/− 3.9) days, and TT 14.4 (+/−7) days (p = 0.224). The TT arm had 15 complications compared to the VATS arm of four (p = 0.004). There were two additional procedures in the VATS arm and 10 in the TT arm (p = 0.014).ConclusionVATS proved to be the better treatment modality for RH with fewer complications and less need of additional procedures, while the LOS between the two groups was not statistically different.
Sozioökonomische Deprivation und vorzeitige Sterblichkeit in Deutschland 1998–2021
Authors: Hoebel Jens , Nowossadeck Enno , Michalski Niels , Baumert Jens , Wachtler Benjamin , Tetzlaff Fabian 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das frühere Versterben in sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen stellt eine extreme Ausprägungsform gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit dar. Diese Studie untersucht das Ausmaß, die zeitliche Entwicklung und Reduktionspotenziale regionaler sozioökonomischer Ungleichheiten in der vorzeitigen Sterblichkeit in Deutschland.

Methoden
Bundesweite Daten der amtlichen Todesursachenstatistik wurden auf Stadt- und Landkreisebene mit amtlichen Bevölkerungsdaten und dem „German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation“ (GISD) verknüpft. Altersstandardisierte Mortalitätsraten für unter 75-Jährige wurden stratifiziert nach Geschlecht und Deprivationsquintil berechnet. In einer What-if-Analyse wurde anhand kontrafaktischer Szenarien berechnet, wie viel niedriger die vorzeitige Sterblichkeit insgesamt läge, wenn sozioökonomische Mortalitätsungleichheiten verringert würden.

Ergebnisse
Männer und Frauen im höchsten Deprivationsquintil hatten ein 43 % bzw. 33 % höheres Risiko, vorzeitig zu versterben, als Gleichaltrige im niedrigsten Deprivationsquintil. Höhere Mortalitätsraten mit steigender Deprivation zeigten sich für die Herz-Kreislauf- und Krebsmortalität, aber auch für andere Todesursachen. Die sozioökonomischen Mortalitätsungleichheiten nahmen bereits vor der COVID-19-Pandemie zu und verschärften sich in den ersten Jahren der Pandemie weiter. Hätten alle Regionen die gleiche Mortalität wie jene im niedrigsten Deprivationsquintil, läge die vorzeitige Sterblichkeit insgesamt 13 % niedriger.

Diskussion
Die zunehmende Ungleichheit in der vorzeitigen Sterblichkeit zwischen deprivierten und wohlhabenden Regionen verdeutlicht, dass die Herstellung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse im Bundesgebiet auch für die Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit ein wichtiges Handlungsfeld darstellt.
Umfassender Literaturüberblick über die Anwendung der otologisch-chirurgischen Planungssoftware OTOPLAN® bei der Cochleaimplantation
Authors: Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Spahn Björn , Herrmann David P. , Kurz Anja , Voelker Johannes , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Größe der menschlichen Cochlea, gemessen am Durchmesser der Basalwindung, schwankt zwischen 7 und 11 mm. Im Rahmen einer Hörrehabilitation durch ein Cochleaimplantat ist diese für die individuelle Zuordnung der Frequenzbänder und die Wahl der Elektrodenlänge von Bedeutung. OTOPLAN® (CAScination AG [Bern, Schweiz] in Kooperation mit MED-EL [Innsbruck, Österreich]) ist ein Softwaretool mit CE-Kennzeichnung für klinische Anwendungen in der Cochleaimplantat(CI)-Behandlung, welches die Vorplanung auf Grundlage der cochleären Größenparameter durchführt. Ziel dieser Literaturübersicht ist es, alle veröffentlichten Studien über die Anwendung von OTOPLAN® zu erfassen.

Materialien und Methoden
Die PRISMA-Richtlinien (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) wurden angewandt, um relevante Studien zu identifizieren, die zwischen Januar 2015 und Februar 2023 in der Suchmaschine PubMed veröffentlicht wurden (unter Verwendung der Suchbegriffe „otoplan“ [Titel/Abstract] OR „anatomy-based fitting“ [Titel/Abstract] OR „otological software tool“ [Titel/Abstract] OR „computed tomography-based software AND cochlear“ [Titel/Abstract]).

Ergebnisse
Bei der systematischen Durchsicht der Literatur wurden 32 Studien über den klinischen Einsatz von OTOPLAN® bei der CI-Behandlung gefunden. Die meisten Studien wurden von deutschen Arbeitsgruppen publiziert (7 von 32), gefolgt von Italien (5), Saudi-Arabien (4), USA (4) und Belgien (3). So stammten je 2 Studien aus Österreich und China, gefolgt von jeweils 1 Studie aus Frankreich, Indien, Norwegen, Südkorea und der Schweiz. In den meisten Studien (22) wurde OTOPLAN® zur Beurteilung der Cochleagröße verwendet, gefolgt von der Visualisierung der Elektrodenposition anhand postoperativer Bilder (5), der dreidimensionalen (3-D-)Segmentierung der Felsenbeinstrukturen (4), der Planung der Elektrodeneinführungstrajektorie (3), der Erstellung einer patientenspezifischen Frequenzbandzuordnung (3), der Planung eines sicheren Bohrpfads durch den Recessus facialis (3), und der Messung von Felsenbeinstrukturen (1).

Schlussfolgerung
OTOPLAN® ist bisher der einzige DICOM-Viewer mit CE-Kennzeichnung im CI-Bereich, der prä-, intra- und postoperative Bilder mit den genannten Anwendungen verarbeiten kann.
Sonographie als Gegenstand virtuellen Wissenstransfers zum praktischen Kompetenzerwerb
Authors: Everad F. , Seifert L. , Mansour N. , Hofauer B. , Knopf A. , Offergeld C. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Während der COVID-19-Pandemie bestand eine besondere Herausforderung bei der Umstellung auf den digitalen Unterricht darin, praktische Fertigkeiten wie die Sonographie der Kopf- und Halsweichteile online zu vermitteln. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den an der Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Freiburg etablierten digitalen Sonographie-Kurs für Studierende der Humanmedizin zu validieren.

Methoden
Teilnehmende waren 178 Studierende der Humanmedizin. Die Studiengruppe simulierte die Sonographie-Untersuchung zu Hause mit einer Schallkopfattrappe anhand der Peyton-Methode unter Anleitung eines Tutors per Videoseminar. In einer anschließenden Lernerfolgskontrolle wurden die Ergebnisse der Studierenden des Online-Kurses mit der Kontrollgruppe verglichen, welche die Sonographie im Präsenzunterricht lernte.

Ergebnisse
Die Studierenden des Online-Kurses konnten vergleichbare Ergebnisse zur Präsenzgruppe erzielen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Studie zeigt, dass praktische Fertigkeiten, die eine umfangreiche Ausrüstung wie ein Sonographiegerät erfordern, bis zu einem gewissen Grad digital oder zumindest in einer hybriden Form vermittelt werden können.
Semi-confined blast loading: experiments and simulations of internal detonations
Authors: Kristoffersen M. , Casadei F. , Valsamos G. , Larcher M. , Hauge K. O. , Minoretti A. , Børvik T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFar-field blast loading has been studied extensively for decades. Close-in, confined, and semi-confined detonations less so, partly because it is difficult to obtain good experimental data. The increase in computational power in recent years has made it possible to conduct studies of this kind numerically, but the results of such simulations ultimately depend on experimental validation and verification. This work thus aims at using reliable experiments to validate and verify numerical models developed to represent blast loading in general. Test rigs consisting of massive steel cylinders with pressure sensors were used to measure the pressure profiles of semi-confined detonations with different charge sizes. The experimental data set was then used to assess numerical models appropriate for simulating blast loading. In general, the numerical results were in excellent agreement with the experimental data, in both qualitative and quantitative terms. These results may in turn be used to analyse structures exposed to internal blast loads, which constitutes the next phase of this research project.
Quality of Life Analysis of Patients Treated with Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion for Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases
Authors: Tong T. M. L. , Fiocco M. , van Duijn-de Vreugd J. J. , Lutjeboer J. , Speetjens F. M. , Tijl F. G. J. , Sitsen M. E. , Zoethout R. W. M. , Martini C. H. , Vahrmeijer A. L. , van der Meer R. W. , van Rijswijk C. S. P. , van Erkel A. R. , Kapiteijn E. , Burgmans M. C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan (M-PHP) is a minimally invasive therapy with proven efficacy in patients with uveal melanoma (UM) liver metastases. M-PHP is associated with a short hospital admission time and limited systemic side effects. In this study, we assessed quality of life (QoL) in UM patients treated with M-PHP.

Materials and Methods
A prospective, single-center study including 24 patients treated with M-PHP for UM metastases to the liver. QoL questionnaires were collected at baseline, on day 2/3 after M-PHP, and on day 7 and day 21 after M-PHP, according to study protocol. The results were scored according to EORTC-QLQ C30 global health status (GHS), functional scales, and symptom scales. The difference in scores at baseline and subsequent time points was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multiple testing Bonferroni correction. Adverse events (AE) were registered up to 30 days after M-PHP according to CTCAE v5.0.

Results
Twenty-four patients (14 males; median age 63.0 years) completed 96 questionnaires. Most scores on all scales declined on day 2/3 after M-PHP. On day 21 after M-PHP, 12 out of 15 scores returned to baseline, including median GHS scores. Three variables were significantly worse on day 21 compared to baseline: fatigue (6–33; p = 0.002), physical functioning (100 vs 86.7; p = 0.003), and role functioning (100 vs 66.7; p = 0.001). Grade 3/4 AEs consisted mainly of hematological complications, such as leukopenia and thrombopenia.

Conclusion
M-PHP causes fatigue and a decline in physical and role functioning in the 1st weeks after treatment, but GHS returns to baseline levels within 21 days.

Level of Evidence 3
Cohort study.

Graphical Abstract
Telemetric ICP monitoring in children: a national questionnaire-based study
Authors: Pedersen Sarah Hornshøj , Henriksen Kasper Amund , Gustafsen Sara Duus , Hansen Torben Skovbo , Guldager Rikke , Juhler Marianne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Telemetric monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) facilitates long-term measurements and home monitoring, thus potentially reducing diagnostic imaging and acute hospital admissions in favour of outpatient appointments. Especially in paediatric patients, telemetric ICP monitoring requires a high level of collaboration and compliance from patients and parents. In this study, we aim to systematically investigate (1) patient and parent perception of telemetric ICP system utility and (2) hospital contact history and thus the potential cost-benefit of telemetric ICP monitoring in paediatric patients with a cerebrospinal fluid disorder.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide questionnaire study, including paediatric patients with either a current or previous telemetric ICP sensor and their parents. Additionally, a retrospective review of electronic health records for all included children was performed.

Results
We included 16 children (age range 3–16 years), with a total of 41 telemetric ICP sensors implanted. Following sensor implantation, the frequency of telephone contacts and outpatient visits increased. No corresponding decrease in hospital admissions or total length of stay was found. The telemetric ICP sensor provided most parents with an improved sense of security and was seen as a necessary and valuable tool in treatment guidance. The size and shape of the sensor itself were reported as disadvantages, while the external monitoring equipment was reported as easy to use but too large and heavy for a child to carry.

Conclusion
Though, in quantitative terms, there was no cost-benefit of the telemetric ICP sensor, it contributed to extended parental involvement and a sense of improved safety.
Genetic predisposition for negative affect predicts mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Schowe Alicia M. , Godara Malvika , Czamara Darina , Adli Mazda , Singer Tania , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was accompanied by an increase in mental health challenges including depression, stress, loneliness, and anxiety. Common genetic variants can contribute to the risk for psychiatric disorders and may present a risk factor in times of crises. However, it is unclear to what extent polygenic risk played a role in the mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigate whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for mental health-related traits can distinguish between four resilience-vulnerability trajectories identified during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns in 2020/21. We used multinomial regression in a genotyped subsample (n = 1316) of the CovSocial project. The most resilient trajectory characterized by the lowest mental health burden and the highest recovery rates served as the reference group. Compared to this most resilient trajectory, a higher value on the PGS for the well-being spectrum decreased the odds for individuals to be in one of the more vulnerable trajectories (adjusted R-square = 0.3%). Conversely, a higher value on the PGS for neuroticism increased the odds for individuals to be in one of the more vulnerable trajectories (adjusted R-square = 0.2%). Latent change in mental health burden extracted from the resilience-vulnerability trajectories was not associated with any PGS. Although our findings support an influence of PGS on mental health during COVID-19, the small added explained variance suggests limited utility of such genetic markers for the identification of vulnerable individuals in the general population.
The grasp reflex in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Liu Junyan , Kanno Shigenori , Iseki Chifumi , Kawakami Nobuko , Kakinuma Kazuo , Katsuse Kazuto , Matsubara Shiho , Ota Shoko , Endo Keiko , Takanami Kentaro , Osawa Shin-ichiro , Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Endo Hidenori , Mugikura Shunji , Suzuki Kyoko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the prevalence and intensity of grasp reflexes and to examine changes in these reflexes after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Methods
We enrolled 147 patients with probable iNPH. A standard procedure was used to determine the presence of grasp reflexes, and the intensity of these reflexes was assessed using a four-category classification. Clinical rating scales and their correlation with grasp reflexes were also evaluated. Grasp reflexes were reassessed in 72 patients 1 year after surgery.

Results
We found that approximately 50.3% of patients with iNPH exhibited a positive grasp reflex. Among these patients, 69% exhibited bilateral positivity, while the remaining patients showed unilateral positivity. Furthermore, the intensity of the grasp reflex was significantly correlated with the severity of gait and with cognitive, urinary, motor, and behavioural symptoms. Surgical interventions led to a reduction (41.7%) or maintenance (30.6%) of the reflex intensity in 72.3% of iNPH patients. The changes in reflex intensity showed significant positive correlations with changes in the number of steps of the Timed Up and Go test and Trail Making Test-A scores but not with changes in total scores on the iNPH Grading Scale.

Conclusion
This retrospective study identified grasp reflexes as a highly prevalent phenomenon in patients with iNPH. These reflexes can assist in evaluating the severity of various symptoms, including cognitive, gait, urinary, motor and emotional symptoms.