bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User library service expectations in health science vs. other settings: a LibQUAL+® Study
Authors: Thompson Bruce , Kyrillidou Martha , Cook Colleen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:  To explore how the library service expectations and perceptions of users might differ across health‐related libraries as against major research libraries not operating in a medical context; to determine whether users of medical libraries demand better library service quality, because the inability of users to access needed literature promptly may lead to a patient who cannot be properly diagnosed, or a diagnosis that cannot be properly treated.Methodology:  We compared LibQUAL+® total and subscale scores across three groups of US, Canadian and British libraries for this purpose.Results:  Anticipated differences in expectations for health as other library settings did not emerge.Conclusions:  The expectations and perceptions are similar across different types of health science library settings, hospital and academic, and across other general research libraries.
Evaluation of outreach services for primary care and mental health; assessing the impact
Authors: Robinson Lyn , Bawden David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:  This paper reports an evaluation, carried out for London Health Libraries, of the impact of outreach services to primary care and mental health workers in 13 different settings. The main aims of the project were to identify the impact being made by the service, and to produce best‐practice guidelines for outreach services in this kind of community setting.Methods:  Analysis of documents, analysis of any evaluation already carried out, interviews with outreach librarians, survey of a representative sample of users (eight services). The services evaluated were very diverse in terms of setting, structure, functions and activities. The evaluation was therefore largely qualitative. Emphasis was placed on trying to identify critical incidents, where it could be shown unambiguously that the outreach services made a difference to practice.Findings:  Service recipients felt better informed, more up to date, more aware of resources, more confident and supported in their work, and saved time. Direct impacts, such as improved patient care, cost savings, etc., were more difficult to establish.Conclusions:  The study identified the main areas of impact, and the main factors which affected this. Recommendations for good practice in such outreach services are made. Lessons of this evaluation for impact studies in general are presented, in particular the difficulty of assessing ‘direct’ impacts.
Phosphorylation and transcriptional activity regulation of retinoid‐related orphan receptor alpha 1 by protein kinases C
Authors: Duplus Eric , Gras Christelle , Soubeyre Vanessa , Vodjdani Guilan , Lemaigre‐Dubreuil Yolande , Brugg Bernard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRetinoid‐related orphan receptor α1 (RORα1) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It is highly expressed in CNS particularly in the cerebellum. Absence of this transcription factor in mice leads to several abnormalities, such as cerebellar atrophy linked to Purkinje cell death and impaired differentiation. A major role of RORα1 in neuronal survival is the control of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. RORα1 is a constitutively active receptor, but its regulation is yet not well known. Protein kinase C (PKC) also plays a major role in neuronal survival and differentiation, suggesting its possible involvement in post‐translational modifications and regulation of RORα1 transcriptional activity. To test this hypothesis, we over‐expressed the human isoform of this nuclear receptor in cortical neurons and COS‐7 cells, which were then treated with different effectors acting on PKC activity. We showed for the first time that conventional PKCs induce phosphorylation and inhibition of RORα1 activity. We also investigated mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (1/2) involvement in this effect. Our results bring new insights into the control of RORα1 activity and highlight its importance in further investigations of the mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of glitazones in the treatment of diabetes and/or hyperlipidaemia: glycaemic control and plasma lipid levels
Authors: Vergès Bruno 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBoth pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are effective hypoglycaemic agents in monotherapy as in combined therapy. Interestingly, their reducing effect on fasting glycaemia and HbA1c is maintained over time, suggesting a potential protective effect of glitazones on the pancreatic beta‐cells. The effects on lipids of pioglitazone are more favourable than those of rosiglitazone. Indeed, pioglitazone appears to be well suited for diabetic dyslipidaemia, increasing high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, decreasing triglycerides and small, dense low‐density (LDL) particles with usually no effect on plasma LDL‐cholesterol. Rosiglitazone also increases HDL‐cholesterol, but has no effect on triglycerides and increases plasma LDL‐cholesterol.
The pharmacologic elegance of inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis while providing a homeostatic balance
Authors: Catapano Alberico L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe recent discoveries on the concerted role of several mechanisms involved in regulating the balance of body cholesterol highlight the role of intestinal absorption. Selective modulators of intestinal cholesterol absorption are available that offer a new pharmacologic approach to the modulation of total body cholesterol homeostasis and to a more effective reduction of low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol.
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: clinical outcomes in large clinical trials
Authors: Kesäniemi Antero 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is a large ongoing endpoint trial program using ezetimibe 10 mg combined with simvastatin 20, 40 or 80 mg in a number of patients with a high risk of major cardiovascular events. These studies include the measurement of carotid intima‐media thickness in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, aggressive lowering of LDL in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, LDL lowering effects on cardiovascular risk and loss of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease, and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome to very low LDL levels.
Biomarkers, C‐reactive proteins and statins in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Ray Kausik K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAtherosclerosis is now widely accepted as an active process involving a pathological vascular triad of vascular cellular activation, inflammation, and thrombosis. Several biomarkers show promise for risk prediction in high risk patients in large scale studies. Some are modified by statin therapy and may be targets for future therapeutic drug development whereas others identify high risk groups that benefit from specific treatments such as intensive statin therapy. Further understanding the role of different biomarkers will help better understand the pathophysiology of ACS as well as provide personalized medical care.
The role of statins in heart failure
Authors: Gullestad Lars , Øie Erik , Ueland Thor , Yndestad Arne , Aukrust Pål 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have an established place in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, their role in the treatment of heart failure (HF), including HF due to coronary artery disease, has been controversial since beneficial as well as possible harmful effects may occur. Several recent studies lend support for a beneficial effect of the statins in HF. These include: (i) post hoc subgroup analyses of prospective randomized clinical trials of statin therapy among patients with stable coronary artery disease where statins reduce the incidence of new HF; (ii) subgroup analysis of the evidence of statin use in large HF trails with different medication and medical devices; (iii) retrospective observational studies of statin use in HF; and (iv) prospective randomized clinical trials of statins in non‐ischemic. Beneficial effects include attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, improvement in endothelial function, anti‐inflammatory effects, reduction in the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, reduction in apoptosis, interference with neurohormones, and improved homeostasis. However, there are also theoretical concerns about statins in HF, and existing literature for their safety and efficacy in HF patients has been limited by the retrospective or observational nature of these analyses, examination of incompletely validated surrogate endpoints and small prospective studies in subgroups of HF subjects. In contrast with the normal population, low concentrations of LDL and total cholesterol are associated with a worse prognosis in HF patients and a possible mechanism is reduction in ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) levels, which is required for oxidative phosphorylation in cells. The safety aspect of these drugs in HF patients needs to be answered before statins can be recommended as a routine drug. For the moment there are several large‐scale prospective outcome studies in HF which probably will give us more definitive answers.
Muscle oxygenation after downhill walking‐induced muscle damage
Authors: Ahmadi Sirous , Sinclair Peter J. , Davis Glen M. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle oxygenation and blood flow within vastus lateralis after an exhaustive session of downhill walking (DW). Nine healthy males performed 40‐min DW on a treadmill with a gradient of −25% and at walking velocity of 6·4 km h−1. To increase the likelihood that DW would induce muscle damage, subjects were loaded with 5% of their body weight carried in a back pack. Before and after DW exercise on day 1 and over the next 4 days, maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs), subjects’ perception of muscle soreness (SOR), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and myoglobin (Mb) concentrations, and muscle oxygenation (using near infrared spectroscopy; NIRS) within vastus lateralis were assessed. Repeated‐measures anova revealed that MVC decreased while SOR and Mb concentration increase significantly (P<0·05) after DW, consistent with its effectiveness to evoke muscle damage. Resting tissue oxygen saturation increased immediately after DW, but recovered within 24 h. During isometric contractions at 30%, 50% and 80% of MVC, oxygen desaturation and re‐saturation kinetics became significantly faster than pre‐exercise values. The possible mechanism responsible for these changes might be increased resting muscle oxygen utilization after muscle damage because of an increased requirement for aerobic energy‐demanding repair processes.
The degree of exercise hypoxemia reflects pulmonary artery pressure during early exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Miki Keisuke , Maekura Ryoji , Hiraga Toru , Hirotani Athushi , Hashimoto Hisako , Kitada Seigo , Miki Mari , Yoshimura Kenji , Naka Nobuyuki , Motone Masaharu 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe causes of both exertional pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension in general in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain to be elucidated. To further understand the pathophysiology in COPD patients, it may be important to recognize the existence of exertional pulmonary hypertension and to determine the severity of exertional hypoxemia. However, little is known about their relationship. To investigate whether the severity of exertional hypoxemia, as evaluated by the Δartery oxygen tension/Δoxygen consumption (PaO2‐slope) correlates with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), cardiopulmonary exercise testing with haemodynamics was done in 10 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. The PaO2‐slope was significantly correlated with the mean Ppa from 25% to 40% of the maximum Watts (Wmax), and was most significant at 30% Wmax (r = −0·904, P<0·0001). In this phase, all parameters, except for the mean Ppa and the mixed venous oxygen tension, were not markedly changed from resting levels. At 30% Wmax, the mean Ppa (mean, 27 mmHg) with no or mild hypoxemia was also significantly correlated with the Δartery oxygen saturation/Δoxygen consumption (SpO2‐slope) (r = −0·789, P = 0·004). On stepwise multiple regression analysis, the PaO2‐slope was the most significant predictor of mean Ppa at 30% Wmax. In conclusion, the PaO2‐slope and the SpO2‐slope reflect Ppa during the early exercise phase. Thus, assessment of these parameters could be useful to evaluate the cardiopulmonary haemodynamic pathophysiology of COPD patients.
Exercise electrocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: impact of sampling rate on the diagnostic performance of ST/HR‐loop based on data from early recovery phase
Authors: Kronander Håkan , Fischer‐Colbrie Werner , Nowak Jacek , Brodin Lars‐Åke , Elmqvist Håkan 
Published: November 2007

SummaryQuantitative analysis of electrocardiographic ST‐segment/heart rate relationship (ST/HR loop) during early recovery phase of exercise stress test provides a sensitive tool for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluates the effect of data sampling frequency on the diagnostic performance of ST/HR loop in 1876 patients undergoing a routine exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. CAD was verified angiographically in 668 patients and excluded by coronary angiography (n = 119), myocardial scintigraphy (n = 250) and on clinical grounds (n = 839) in 1208 patients. The normalized ST/HR loop area was calculated in all cases by integration of ST‐segment amplitude difference from the end of exercise to the end of the first 3 min of recovery period over HR and dividing the integral by the HR difference over the integration period. The effect of different sampling rates (one, two and five samples per minute) on the CAD discrimination ability of ST/HR loop area was subsequently evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Reduction in ST/HR data sampling frequency from two to one sample per minute resulted in a significantly decreased diagnostic performance of the ST/HR loop whereas no differences in CAD discrimination capacity were observed between sampling frequencies of two and five samples per minute. The choice of ST/HR data sampling frequency may have a significant impact on the CAD diagnostic ability of the ST/HR loop. The use of sampling frequency below two samples per minute results in a significantly diminished diagnostic performance, a fact that should be taken into consideration when employing ST/HR diagnostic procedures.
Canine acute radiation dermatitis, a survey of current management practices in North America
Authors: Flynn A. K. , Lurie D. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAcute radiation‐induced dermatitis (ARID) is a common sequela of radiation therapy in dogs. There is no consensus regarding ARID management in human medicine and the standard of care in veterinary medicine has not been reported. The objective was to report the practice standards for ARID management in dogs in North America. The design used was a questionnaire survey. Fifty‐eight private and university teaching veterinary hospitals were contacted, 54 participated. The topical and oral medications used to treat ARID, prevent or treat bacterial infection, control pain and the indications for and timing of treatment initiation were the outcome measures. A minority of facilities (4/54, 7.5%) use exactly the same protocol regarding all parameters. There was agreement (>75% of facilities) with respect to the general use of oral antibiotics (77.8%), the need for pain control (92.6%) and the use of tramadol for pain control (76%), although the details of their use varied widely. There is a divergence of opinions regarding all details of ARID management in dogs except the general use of oral antibiotics and pain control medications.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in canine oral malignant melanoma
Authors: Taylor K. H. , Smith A. N. , Higginbotham M. , Schwartz D. D. , Carpenter D. M. , Whitley E. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSerum, plasma and tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in 20 dogs previously diagnosed histologically with oral melanoma. The concentrations of VEGF in serum and plasma were significantly higher in dogs with melanoma than in a control population (P ≤ 0.002). Concentrations of VEGF in the serum and plasma of dogs with melanoma were highly correlated (r = 0.867). Ninety‐five per cent of melanoma tissues expressed VEGF. Two staining patterns were detected: diffuse and granular cytoplasmic staining. High blood concentrations of VEGF were correlated to a shorter survival time in dogs receiving definitive therapy (P = 0.002). Survival times were significantly longer in dogs receiving definitive therapy versus palliative therapy (median 496 versus 97 days, P = 0.007). Blood concentrations of VEGF were associated with stage (P < 0.05). Dogs with oral melanoma have increased serum, plasma and tissue concentrations of VEGF. Increased expression of VEGF may be a reasonable target for future therapy of canine oral melanoma.
Relics of the Mozambique Ocean in the central East African Orogen: evidence from the Vohibory Block of southern Madagascar
Authors: JÖNS N. , SCHENK V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Vohibory Block of south‐western Madagascar is part of the East African Orogen, the formation of which is related to the assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. It is dominated by metabasic rocks, which have chemical compositions similar to those of recent basalts from a mid‐ocean ridge, back‐arc setting and island‐arc setting. The age of formation of protolith basalts has been dated at 850–700 Ma by U–Pb SHRIMP analysis of magmatic cores in zircon, pointing to an origin related to the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Ocean. The metabasic rocks are interpreted as representing components of an island arc with an associated back‐arc basin. In the early stage of the Pan‐African orogeny, these rocks experienced high‐pressure amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism (9–12 kbar, 750–880 °C), dated at 612 ± 5 Ma from metamorphic rims in zircon. The metamorphism was most likely related to accretion of the arc terrane to the margin of the Azania microcontinent (Proto‐Madagascar) and closure of the back‐arc basin. The main metamorphism is significantly older than high‐temperature metamorphism in other tectonic units of southern Madagascar, indicating a distinct tectono‐metamorphic history.
Efficacy of Rizatriptan for Menstrual Migraine in an Early Intervention Model: A Prospective Subgroup Analysis of the Rizatriptan TAME (Treat A Migraine Early) Studies
Authors: Martin Vincent , Cady Roger , Mauskop Alexander , Seidman Larry S. , Rodgers Anthony , Hustad Carolyn M. , Ramsey Karen E. , Skobieranda Franck 
Published: November 2007

Objective.— A prospective subgroup analysis of the TAME (Treat A Migraine Early) studies examined the efficacy of rizatriptan in patients treating a menstrual migraine attack.Methods.— Both TAME studies were randomized, placebo‐controlled, and double‐blind. Adults with migraine were assigned (2:1) to either rizatriptan 10‐mg tablet or placebo. Patients were instructed to treat within 1 hour of migraine onset and when the pain was mild. The primary endpoint was 2‐hour pain freedom. The diagnosis of menstrual migraine was established according to the revised 2004 International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria. Data from both studies were pooled for logistic regression analyses. A test for interaction was performed to compare rates of 2‐hour pain freedom between patients treating a menstrual and non‐menstrual attack.Results.— A total of 94 patients (63 in the rizatriptan group and 31 in the placebo group) met IHS criteria for menstrual migraine and treated a menstrual attack. The percentage of patients reporting 2‐hour pain freedom was significantly greater for rizatriptan than for placebo (63.5% vs 29.0%; odds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 11.9; P = .002) in those treating a menstrual attack. In those treating with rizatriptan, the percentage of patients with 2‐hour pain freedom did not statistically differ between those treating a menstrual or non‐menstrual migraine attack (63.5% vs 57.5%; P = .454).Conclusion.— Rizatriptan 10 mg was effective for the treatment of menstrual migraine in an early intervention model, as measured by 2‐hour pain freedom. Rates of 2‐hour pain freedom were comparable for patients treating menstrual and non‐menstrual migraine attacks with rizatriptan.
An Analysis of Cluster Headache Information Provided on Internet Websites
Authors: Peterlin B. Lee , Gambini‐Suarez Eduardo , Lidicker Jeffrey , Levin Morris 
Published: November 2007

Objective.— To evaluate the quality of websites providing cluster headache information for patients and healthcare providers.Background.— The Internet has become an increasingly important source of healthcare information. However, limited data exist regarding the quality of websites providing headache information.Methods.— This was a cross‐sectional study conducted in February 2007. Websites providing cluster headache information were determined on the search engine MetaCrawler and classified as either patient oriented or healthcare provider oriented. The overall quality of each site was evaluated using a score system. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level Readability Score (FKRS). Website quality was analyzed based on ownership, purpose, authorship, author qualifications, attribution, interactivity, and currency. The technical quality of the cluster headache information was analyzed based on content specific to cluster headache. The final ranking, based on the sum of the ranks of all 3 categories, was determined and then contrasted between the patient‐oriented and healthcare professional‐oriented websites using 2‐sample t‐tests.Results.— Of the first 40 websites found on MetaCrawler, 72.5% were advertisements, unrelated to headache, or repeated websites. Although the standard US writing averages are at a seventh to eighth grade level, the mean FKRS of all sites was at a 12th grade level of difficulty, with no significant difference between the patient‐oriented or healthcare provider‐oriented websites (P = .54). Of a total possible 14 points, the overall mean quality component score was 9.9 for all sites; and of a total possible 23 points, the overall mean technical component score was 13.9. There was no significant difference for either the quality or technical component scores between patient‐oriented or healthcare provider‐oriented websites (P = .45 and P = .80, respectively).Conclusion.— There are numerous cluster headache websites that can be found on the Internet. The quality of most of the websites dedicated to cluster headache is mediocre, and although there are some excellent cluster headache websites, these sites may be challenging for many users to locate. There was no significant difference in the overall quality of websites oriented for patients or healthcare providers providing cluster headache information evaluated in this study. In addition, websites providing high‐quality cluster headache information are written at an educational level too high for a significant portion of the general population to fully utilize. Physicians should strongly consider providing lists of quality websites on cluster headache for their patients.