bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major surgery of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jones T. Alun , Gallow I. , Sellars S. L. , Kranold D. H. , Sealy G. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThirty-two composite resections were carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology at Groote Schuur Hospital for oral and oro-pharyngeal squamous carcinoma over the 10-year period, 1977–1986. Three patients were lost to review but all others were followed up to death or to five years. Twenty-seven patients underwent surgery as their primary procedure and five for recurrence after primary radiotherapy. The overall survival was 16 patients at three years and eight at five years. Only one of the five patients who underwent salvage surgery after failed radiotherapy was alive at five years and all five experienced serious postoperative complications. All thosesurviving over five years had had either N0 or N1, disease at the time of presentation for surgery.
AIDS-like disproportion of minor T-cell subsets in Japanese patients with Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Ikeda Makoto , Katsura Yoshiya , Tsuru Sumiaki , Inouye Tetsuzo , Healy Gerald B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifteen Japanese patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) were evaluated according to their lymphocyte subset abnormalities. Two colour immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to distinguish the lymphocyte subset alterations. WG group showed a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ cells and the increase of CD8+cells. Within the NK cell family, the functionally unidentified CD8+57+cells were markedly elevated. The disproportion of thelymphocyte subsets (CD4+↓ CD8+57+↑) were similar to those of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS relating complexes (ARC). To assesssilent infection of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) wasdone for all patients to selectively amplify specific HIV proviral DNA sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, HIV-1 proviral DNA was not found in any patients but these changes of WG might suggest a possible adaptive response to unknown viral infection.
The paranasal sinuses and other enigmas: an aquatic evolutionary theory
Authors: Rhŷs Evans Peter H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe functional role of the paranasal sinuses in man has long been in dispute and as yet no satisfactory explanation has been offered for these ‘unwanted’ spaces. An answer may be found by study of the comparative evolutionary development of the sinuses in man and other higher primates.Several unique physical characteristics of man not seen elsewhere in the ape family, or indeed in other terrestrial mammals, including some relating to the upper aerodigestive tract, are not satisfactorily explained by the traditionally held theory of evolutionary development of early man directly from the arboreal ape.It is argued that these developmental differences are much more logically explained by a period of aquatic adaptation at a crucial period in the evolution of pre-hominid man. A new theory is proposed which might explain the importance of the sinus air cavities as buoyancy aids for protection of the upper airway tract in such an aquatic environment.Further evidence is offered relating to a pathological condition of the external ear canal which supports this theory that man at some stage in his early development acquired an affinity for an aquatic environment.Explanation of these unique hominid characteristics in terms of an aquatic evolutionary theory may help to resolve some of the enigmatic inconsistencies between man and other higher primates, and may account for man's eventual emergence as the dominant extant species, and perhaps an explanation for the ‘missing link’.
Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid
Authors: Hasan Suhel , Kannan V. , Shenoy Ashok M. , Nanjundappa  , Naresh K. N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone are described. They were managed with surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy. These patients are disease free at 26 months and 15 months respectively.
Tumours of the nose and maxillary sinus. Ten year survey from Kenya
Authors: Bjerregaard B. , Okoth-Olende C. A. , Gatei D. , Bal I. S. , Jensen H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBetween 1976–1985,127 cases of malignant tumours of the nose and maxillary sinus were seen at the Department of Human Pathology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Cancer of the nose and maxillary sinus was a common diagnosis accounting for 0.8 per cent of all malignancies. Despite this, the incidence was low probably because the rural Kenyans have difficulty in gaining access to the oncology facilities in Nairobi. Incidence rates standardized to world population per 100,000 persons–years were 0.16 for males and 0.12 for females.Clinical information showed that malignancy should be expected in patients with swelling of thecheek and involvement of the orbit. Compared with Denmark the proportion of undifferentiated carcinomas was significantly higher in Kenya. The well known fact that anaplastic carcinoma of the postnasal space is causally associated with the Epstein Barr virus makes it tempting to suggest that anaplastic carcinoma of the nose and maxillary sinus may also be of viral aetiology.
Is ‘lateral aberrant thyroid’ always metastatic tumour?
Authors: Watson M. G. , Birchall J. P. , Soames J. V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is now a widely held belief that so-called ‘lateral aberrant thyroid’ tissue actually represents a metastasis from a malignant tumour of the thyroid gland. A case is presented which suggests that this is not always true, and an extensive review of the relevant literature is discussed.
Detection Of recurrent cholesteatoma by computerized tomography after ‘closed cavity’ mastoid surgery
Authors: Wake M. , Robinson J. M. , Witcombe J. B. , Bazerbachi S. , Stansbie J. M. , Phelps P. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPre-operative Computerized Tomography was performed prior to second look operations in 10 cases to check for cholesteatoma after combined approach tympanoplasty. Three independent opinions were obtained on the CT scans and compared with the operative findings.This small series failed to demonstrate reliable pre-operative radiological detection of cholesteatoma. There was disappointing inter-observer agreement in interpretation of the CT scan
Criteria for hearing preservation in acoustic schwannoma surgery: The concept of useful hearing
Authors: Hinton A. E. , Ramsden R. T. , Lye R. H. , Dutton J. E. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the quest for hearing preservation in patients with acoustic schwannomas it is essential that surgeons do not lose sight of the concept of ‘useful’ hearing. There is an important difference between hearing preservation which pleases the surgeon and that which will be appreciated by the patient.Tumour size, pure tone audiogram average differences between ears and speech discrimination scores have been recorded in a series of 114 patients with unilateral acoustic schwannomas. Criteria for useful hearing are presented in terms of pure tone audiogram average difference and speech discrimination scores.There were 11 patients (10 per cent) with a speech discrimination score of 50 per cent or more, a pure tone audiogram average difference of 30 dB or better and a tumour size of no more than 2 cm. Only one patient (0.9 per cent) had a speech discrimination score of 50 per cent or more, a pure tone audiogram average difference of 20 dB or better and a tumour size of no more than 1 cm.It is concluded that hearing preservation techniques may be applicable to between 1 and 10 per cent of patients with unilateral acoustic schwannomas.
Leprosy of the larynx
Authors: Soni N. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe result of a study conducted on 30 patients of lepromatous leprosy regarding laryngeal involvement is presented. The incidence of leprous laryngitis is 36.6 per cent in this part of India in lepromatous leprosy patients. Leprosy is long standing disease so laryngeal lesions developed gradually and may be asymptomatic in some cases while others have been found to have variety of clinical manifestation in form of congestion, infiltration, nodulation, thickening and fibrosis. Anti-leprosy chemotherapy is equally effective on these lesions. A screening survey of laryngeal pathology in such cases should be done periodically.
Characteristics of Groningen tracheo-oesophageal speaking valves prior to insertion and after removal for failure
Authors: Parker A. J. , Stevens J. C. , Wickham M. H. , Clegg R. T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Groningen valve was first used in Sheffield in 1986 in a patient who underwent laryngectomy for malignant disease. Since then it has been the main tracheo-oesophageal prosthesis used on our Unit for speech rehabilitation post-laryngectomy. This biflanged device inserted primarily or as a secondary procedure remains in situ until failure occurs either because of leakage or because increased effort is required to produce satisfactory phonation. This in vitro study we examined the differences between new valves prior to insertion and those removed for failure. The mean forward opening pressures were shown to be similar in the two populations but the mean forward resistances were increased in those valves which were defective (P<0.001). In addition the mean reverse opening pressure was found to be significantly lower in the defective valves when compared with their new counterparts (p<0.05).
Penetrating injuries to the oropharynx
Authors: Kosaki Hiroko , Nakamura Naoya , Toriyama Yasuji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA review was made of 12 cases of penetrating injuries to the oropharynx seen at Musashino Red Cross Hospital during the period from 1984 to 1988, and their records were compared with those of past cases with similar injuries reported in a survey for the period between 1949 and 1959. Most of the patients were children under the age of four and were injured when they fell with a sharp-edged object in the mouth. Penetrating injuries to the oropharynx occasionally cause severe complications, including retropharyngeal abscess and mediastinitis. This type of injury should be called a ‘pencil injury’.
Adrenal suppression with intranasal betamethasone drops
Authors: Flynn M. D. , Beasley P. , Tooke J. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntranasal betamethasone sodium phosphate drops (Betnesol) are frequently used to relieve nasal congestion due to polyposis. We report a case of significant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression secondary to the long-term use of intranasal betamethasone drops. This case emphasizes that the topical application of potent corticosteroids may produce systemic effects.
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchopathia chondro-osteoplastica
Authors: Šmid L. , Lavrenčak B. , Žargi M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of laryngo-tracheo-bronchopathia chondro-osteoplastica (LTBCOP) are discussed regarding the pathogenesis of the disease. Our observations support the belief that chronic irritation of the perichondrium in the region of subglottis, trachea and bronchi plays an important role in the aetiology of this disease.
Osteoma of the internal auditory canal presenting with sudden unilateral hearing loss
Authors: Singh V. , Annis J. A. D. , Todd G. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of an unilateral sensorineural hearing loss of sudden onset, due to an osteoma in the internal auditory canal is presented. As far as the authors are aware an osteoma at this site associated with a hearing loss occuring within a few hours has not previously been reported.
Glue under pressure: A bad prognostic sign for recurrence of otitis media with effusion
Authors: Salam M. A. , Wengraf C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOne hundred and thirteen children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) underwent myringotomy and insertion of Shah grommets. They were classified into three groups according to the presence or absence of ‘glue under pressure’ unilaterally or bilaterally. The follow up period ranging between 18 and 32 months determined the comparative rate of recurrence of OME and the number of grommet reinsertions. This study shows a significantly higher incidence of recurrent OME, requiring grommet reinsertion, in ears with glue under pressure (60 per cent) compared to those with glue not under pressure (7.4 per cent). Thus it was possible to identify a subset of children with OME who have a poorer prognosis for recurrence and who should be treated with long-stay grommets in the first instance.
Carcinoma of the maxillary antrum treated by pre-operative radiotherapy or radical radiotherapy alone
Authors: Neal A. J. , Habib F. , Hope-Stone H. F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of pre-operative radical radiotherapy and subsequent maxillary resection are reported in 54 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the maxillary antrum treated at The Royal London Hospital from 1965 to 1989. The actuarial two and five year survivals were 50.3 per cent and 38.5 per cent respectively. Patients with adenocarcinomas fared better when compared with squamous and undifferentiated carcinomas (log rank p = <0.01). Undifferentiated carcinoma and involved regional lymph nodes were both very poor prognostic factors. In those patients who were either unfit for or refused maxillary resection, radical radiotherapy alone was still an effective treatment, with only a slight disadvantage in terms of local control and survival.
Pharyngolaryngeal migration: a delayed complication of an impacted bullet in the neck
Authors: Nicol J. W. , Yardley M. P. J. , Parker A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a case of a patient who sustained a bullet wound to the mouth and face resulting in impaction of the foreign body in the neck. This was initially managed conservatively until migration into the supralaryngeal area occurred. This resulted in airway obstruction, dysphagia, and dysphonia necessitating resuscitation and per-operative intrapharyngeal removal.Bullet wounds are uncommon in this country and experience with these cases is lacking. This paper discusses the various management options and the mechanism of how the bullet became lodged in the tissues of the neck.
The need for and development of a single use disposable nasal spray
Authors: Coakley Jeremiah F. , Arthurs Graham J. , Wilsher Tina K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNasal sprays, which work on the Venturi principle, have the disadvantage of suck-back which makes them unhygienic for use in more than one patient. In Wrexham we have developed a disposable nasal spray system, which is safe and would be of benefit to other ENT departments.
Nasal muco-ciliary clearance in snuff users
Authors: Chetan Shashi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe inhalation of nasal snuff (powdered tobacco) is widely prevalent in the Indian sub-continent. The effect of snuff application on the nasal mucociliary clearance (NMMC) time has been suspected but not demonstrated before. In this study the saccharin test is used to demonstrate the rate of nasal mucociliary clearance among chronic snuff users. The study demonstrates the depressant action of snuff on the nasal mucociliary clearance rate. A pharmacological and pathological basis for the depressant action of snuff on the NMMC rate is hypothesised on the basis of the results obtained.
Knot to be condemned
Authors: Evans Peter H. Rhŷs 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is common practice following mastoid and middle ear surgery to apply a pressure bandage to the ear for a short postoperative period to reduce local swelling. The bandage is usually secured in such a way as to lift it away from the eye, sometimes with a length of ribbon gauze tied in a knot over the temporal region. Pressure from the knot may cause injury to the underlying tissues leading to post-operative complications which hitherto have not been described.
Penicillamine-induced changes in elastic tissue of the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Manohar M. Babu , Boldy D. A. R. , Bryan R. L. , Pearman K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe describe a patient who developed upper respiratory tract symptoms following long-term treatment of Wilson's disease with penicillamine. These symptoms were attributed to areas of pharyngeal thickening and were treated with a laser. Histological examination of the lesions showed proliferations of abnormal elastic fibres similar to those previously described at other sites, especially the skin, in patients receiving penicillamine. This drug impairs the maturation and reduces the stability of elastic fibres and although elastic tissue throughout the body is affected, we are aware of no previous reports of penicillamine- induced changes presenting with upper respiratory tract symptoms.
Malignant oncocytoma of the parotid gland: a case report with an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Sugimoto Takuya , Wakizono Shigeki , Uemura Takuya , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA rare case of a 71 -year-old man with malignant oncocytoma is presented. The tumour was found in the left parotid region with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. The resected parotid mass consisted of three discrete nodules, each histologically characterized by a uniform proliferation of oncocytic tumour cells. The patient underwent repeated operations for recurrences and metastases, and eventually died of acute pneumonia 18 months after the first admission. Metastases to the lymph nodes, ribs, spine and liver had been clinically pointed out. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for a-1-antitrypsin, a-1-antichymotrypsin, lactoferrin, secretory component and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), while they were negative for S-100 protein and HHF35 (muscle specific actin). Ultrastructural pictures disclosed numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells, revealing neither myofibrils nor secretory granules. These findings therefore support the concept that this tumour is of a glandular epithelial origin.
Radiotherapy and complications of laryngectomy
Authors: McCombe A. W. , Jones A. S. 
Published: November 2007

In an effort to establish factors responsible for our post laryngectomy fistulae we reviewed 357 patients who underwent total laryngectomy between 1965 and 1990, for laryngeal carcinoma. Pharyngocutaneous fistulae occurred in 84 cases (23 percent). There was no difference between the fistula group and the non-fistula group with regard to age, sex, general condition, or tumour differentiation. The only significant, positive association was with previous radical radiotherapy (10 fistulae out of 167 primary laryngectomies (4 percent) versus 74 fistulae out of 190 salvage laryngectomies (39 percent)). The median time to occurrence of a fistula was day seven in both groups. However, in the non-radiotherapy group the median duration of the fistula was 28 days; the majority healing spontaneously, with only one patient requiring surgical closure. There were no ‘hospital’ deaths. In the radiotherapy group the median duration of fistulae was 112 days with 30 patients requiring a total of 66 procedures to achieve closure of the fistula. There were six ‘hospital’ deaths in this group.We conclude that previous radical radiotherapy strongly predisposes towards the occurrence of a postlaryngectomy fistula. Fistulae in this group tend to be longer lasting and are more likely to require surgical repair.
Day-case tonsillectomy: a review of the literature
Authors: Tewary A. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstarctAdenotonsillectomies are performed increasingly as day cases in North America and Canada. This paper analyses reports where such tonsillectomies were performed. It is possible to successfully select a group with lower risk of complications. Haemorrhage occurs either early in the post-operative period or later than 24 hours after operation. With good organization tonsillectomies can be safely performed as day cases.
A study of haemostasis following tonsillectomy comparing ligatures with diathermy
Authors: Watson M. G. , Dawes P. J. D. , Samuel P. R. , Marshall H. F. , Rayappa C. , Hill J. , Meikle D. , Murty G. E. , Deans J. A. J. , Telios G. , Aldren C. , Birchall J. P. , Pritchard A. J. N. , Livesey J. , Appleton D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstarctThe use of diathermy to achieve haemostasis after tonsillectomy remains controversial. We have reviewed the English language literature, and found no convincing evidence that diathermy is any more likely to cause post-operative haemorrhage than the use of ligatures. The results of a prospective, randomized study of 1036 consecutive tonsillectomies are presented. No significant difference was found in post-operative haemorrhage rates when either diathermy or ligatures were used. Diathermy was found to reduce operating time compared to ligatures. The possibilities for day-case tonsillectomy are discussed.
Temporal bone dissection using a low cost miniature electric drill
Authors: Lindsey L. A. , Hopper I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstarctThe performance of various specialzed and general purpose drills was assessed for use in temporal bone dissection. The Minicraft MB120 and MB130 were found to be as effective as specialized drills but with grater convenience and much reduced cost. The use of these drills allows high quality temporal bone dessection to be performed on a limited budget.
Leiomyoma of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Harcourt J. P. , Gallimore A. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstarctThe paranasal sinuses are a rare site for tumours of myogenic origin. There has been only one previously reported case in the English literature. We present a case of a leiomyoma filling the anterior ethmoid sinus and middle meatus which was excised via a Patterson's external ethmoidectomy.
Cystic hygroma of the parotid gland
Authors: Goshen S. , Kfar-Saba D. Ophir 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCystic hygroma of the parotid gland is an uncommon benign congenital neoplasm that presents as an asymptomatic soft fluctuant mass. Cervical ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to assess the size and extent of the lesion and to assist in planning the surgical approach. Ultrasonography may demonstrate a multilocular cystic mass containing septa of variable thicknesses. Extension of the mass into deeper structures is more accurately assessed by CT or MRI. A CT scan may show thin-walled cystic masses filled with material of density close to that of water. The use of contrast medium can demonstrate the relationship of the lesion to the surrounding structures. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CT in defining the nature and extent of the lesion.