bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Movement By Summer Tanagers (Piranga Rubra) During Migratory Stopover: a Telemetry Study
Authors: Aborn David A. , Moore Frank R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHow well migratory birds meet en route contingencies depends on their ability to locate resources and avoid sources of stress in an unfamiliar setting. Exploration is a means by which migrants could collect information about the kinds, distribution and abundance of available resources and places safe from predators. We used radio-telemetry to study the movements of 24 summer tanagers (Piranga rubra) during stopover on a barrier island following migration across the Gulf of Mexico. The movement of some individuals was characterized by high linearity and low turn bias (i.e. alternating left and right turns). The combination of left- and right-hand turns while maintaining an overall linear track represents an efficient way of exploring an unfamiliar area. Other summer tanagers restricted their movements to a particular area (e.g. low directionality and high meander ratio), which may reflect less time spent in exploration. Birds that had been on the island for a day and a night displayed a pattern of movement less consistent with exploration than did 'newly arrived' birds. Given pressure to minimize migration time, the time a migrant spends in exploration probably depends on the cost of acquiring information and the benefits to be gained, the ratio of which surely varies among individuals.
Planktonic Larvae of Natantia (Decapoda) in Tigullio Gulf (Ligurian Sea), With Remarks On Larvae of Pandalidae
Authors: Pessani Daniela 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe larvae of 29 species of Natantia (Decapoda) have been collected in Tigullio Gulf (Ligurian Sea). In addition, four different "types" of unidentified first zoeac of Pandalidae were recognized and discussed. Using the similitude index of Sörensen (1948), it was possible to distinguish main groups of spring-summer and annual species and small groups of late-summer and autumn-winter ones. Comparison of the results obtained with data from other works on Mediterranean planktonic decapod larvae reveals some discrepancies regarding the number of collected species and their distribution throughout the year. These different results could be due to different collecting methods, environmental conditions, and geographical distribution of the adults. The work shows the importance of studying planktonic larvae for a better knowledge of larval development and life history of Crustacea Decapoda.
Morphological Features of the Mandible Related To Feeding Habits of Some Anostraca Species
Authors: Mura Graziella 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMorphology of the molar surface of the mandibles is examined via SEM and discussed in relation to possible functions, after reviewing and reconsidering the existing literature on the subject. A comparison of mandibular (present work) and trunk limb morphology (Daborn, 1978, 1979) reveals some discrepancies between mandible structure and supposed feeding habits of some fairy shrimp species.
The Phenomenology of Sigmund Freud
Authors: Wertz Frederick J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe convergences in approach between Freud's psychoanalysis and Husserl's phenomenology are elaborated. These include philosophical roots in Brentano's teachings; the primacy of direct observation over construction and theory; a conviction about the irreducibility of mentality to nature; the project of a "pure" psychology; the bracketing of theories, preconceptions, and the natural attitude; the necessity of self-reflection and empathy; a relational theory of meaning; receptivity to human subjects as teachers; and the methodological value of fiction for scientific truth. It is argued that divergences between psychoanalytic and phenomenological theory have obscured profound agreement in the approach, subject matter, and methods of these two schools of psychology.
Les Sceaux De L'Oxus: Diversité De Formes Et Variabilité De Fonctions
Authors: Francfort Henri-Paul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGlyptics of the civilazition of the Oxus was an obvious anomaly because all macrotypes of seals characteristics (square, round, cylinder, compartmented) of the cultures of the Indus, the Arabic Gulf, Mesopotamia and Turkmenistan coexisted there. The author supposes that the Oxus seals were symbolic marks of status of an individual (together with luxurious metal axes), but not real administrative attributes. The diversity of forms of the Oxus seals was the result of the polyethnic character of the population which created civilization of the Oxus rather than the consequence of the cultural influence of its neighbours. According to the author, amazing scenes of tauromachy and some other motifs of the Oxus seals do not presuppose migration of ethnic groups from the Aegean and Syro-Hittite West. It is the result of exception from the vast corpus of artistic imagery of the epoch by the Oxus dwellers for the illustration of their native myths. The creators of the Oxus civilization usually added some local traits to the things they had adopted from their neighbours.
Joseph Athias and the early history of stereotyping
Authors: McMullin B.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere is circumstantial and documentary evidence that printing from stereotype plates was being undertaken by Joseph Athias in Amsterdam no later than September 1673. The terms of an agreement of that date between Athias and the Widow Schippers and Anna Maria Stam imply that he had two English bibles in plates, one a twelvemo, the other an eighteenmo. The eighteenmo can be equated with an edition with engraved title-page with the imprint 'Cambridge, Roger Daniel, 1648', the last in a sequence of four with the same imprint, each of which carries over from its predecessor a certain amount of setting. The earliest in the sequence appears to have been printed by Joachim Nosche in Amsterdam. That the fourth was impressed at least six times is suggested by the fact that it was printed on six or more discrete papers, thus implying that it was either kept standing or plated. That it was indeed plated at some stage of its life, and that the plates consisted of columns (not pages), is confirmed by the observable differences in alignment of the columns from exemplar to exemplar, particular alignments agreeing with particular papers. Athias's primacy in the history of stereotyping is thus established. From among the many librarians who have assisted me during this investigation I should like to thank in particular Dr Lotte Hellinga, whose advice in the early stages proved especially helpful. Earlier versions of the text were presented to: The Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand, Adelaide, August 1985; The Centre for Bibliographical and Textual Studies, Monash University, September 1985; The Bibliographical Society, London, April 1992.
Die Lehre Von Der Reinkarnation Im Islam
Authors: Dietrich Ernst Ludwig 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDas Ergebnis unserer kurzen Untersuchung, die sich noch viel weiter ausdehnen ließe, ist folgendes: Die Lehre von der Seelenwanderung im Islam hängt aufs engste zusammen mit dem S e k t e n t y p u s : der Steigerung des Persönlichkeits- und Individualitätstriebes, wie sie sich einerseits in der Apotheose des verborgenen Imäm, andererseits in der Dramatisierung des Schicksals der menschlichen Seele (Absinken und Wiederaufsteigen in Stufen) kundtut. Die alten Religionen und Kulturen auf dem synkretistischen Boden Vorderasiens haben dazu ebenso das Material geliefert wie der Ferne Osten, vornehmlich Indien, nicht zuletzt aber hat zu ihrer Ausbildung auch manche bedeutende Persönlichkeit der islamischen Theologie und das fromme Volksgemüt beigetragen in seiner Art, transzendente Zusammenhänge durch Glauben an die Wiederkehr des verehrten Heiligen zu erfassen, und so daran mitgewirkt, eine ursprünglich politische Sezession in eine religiöse zu verwandeln. Der Seelenwanderungsglaube gewährt seinen Anhängern eine wichtige Möglichkeit zur Deutung von Schuld und Sühne, der Theodizee und der Tatsache der Verschiedenheit der Religionen ; er vertieft das Gemeinschaftsgefühl durch die Theorie der seelischen Verwandtschaft und des Seelenaustauschs zwischen sich nahe-stehenden Personen, und er erklärt, wie ein Heiliger vergottet werden kann (Schaich Adi bei den Jasiden). Seine Rolle im Islam mag abseitig sein, aber sie ist nicht unerheblich.
Darwinismus und Zeitgeist
Authors: Bolle Fritz , Buchholz Walter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractÜberblicken wir noch einmal das ganze riesige Gebiet des Geistesgeschehens vor und nach der Jahrhundertwende, soweit es darwinistische Züge erkennen läßt, so können wir eines feststellen : Ausgenommen die Konservativen und die Kirchen, die beide angesichts des stürmischen Vorwärtsdrängens darwinistischer Gedankengänge in die Defensive gehen müssen, bedienen sich so gut wie alle geistigen Strömungen des Darwinismus: Die Sozialisten, weil Darwins "Naturtheorie" mit ihrer Gesetzlichkeit des biologischen Fortschritts Gewähr zu bieten scheint, daß auch im Gesellschaftlichen eherne Gesetze des Fortschritts walten, und weil sie aus dem Darwinismus den Beweis für die Gleichheit aller Menschen herauslesen. Die Sozialdarwinisten, weil ihnen Darwins Lehre vom Kampf ums Dasein und von der Auslese der Lebensfähigsten angeblich den Beweis liefert für die Ungleichheit der Menschen und für die Notwendigkeit einer Menschenzucht. Nicht zufällig sprießen um 1890 so viele Zuchtvereine aus dem Boden, weil man in Charles Darwin den großen Pflanzen-, Tier- und Menschenzüchter sah. Die Atheisten, weil mit der Affenabstammung jegliches göttliche Wirken beim Werden des Menschengeschlechts widerlegt sei. Die pantheistischen Schwärmer von Friedrichshagen, weil sie ein Entwicklungsgesetz am Werk zu sehen glauben, das ganz folgerichtig zu immer Besserem, Edlerem, Vollkommnerem, Vergeistigterem führen müsse. Die Verteidiger einer "Leistungsaristokratie",
Die biblisch-orientalische Deutung indianischer Mythologie: Der Versuch, Fremdes zu kategorisieren1
Authors: Hutter Manfred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDer "Orient" in Amerika läßt sich auf zwei Begegnungsrichtungen festlegen, wie ich hier anhand einiger Beispiele zu zeigen versuchte: Zunächst finden wir den Weg der Missionare, die versuchten, die für sie buchstäblich "Neue" Welt mit ihrem biblischen Instrumentarium zu deuten: Die heidnischen Götter sind vergleichbar den Götzen, die das Alte Testament kennt, und nichts anderes als Vorspiegelungen des Teufels. Einzelne indianische Anschauungen können dabei überhaupt biblisch gedeutet werden, teils als teuflische Nachahmungen der wirklichen biblischen Geschichte, teils als fast in Vergessenheit geratene Erinnerungen an einen ehemaligen Kontakt zur Alten Welt. Mit den ersten Erfolgen in der Missionierung finden wir aber auch eine andere Begegnungsrichtung : Die Indios selbst greifen auf biblische und somit orientalische Elemente zurück, um ihr Weltbild daran anzuknüpfen. Häufiger kann man aber beobachten, daß die eigene Mythologie nur formal mit biblischen Aussagen in Korrelation gebracht wird, so daß diese "Begegnung" eher oberflächlich bleibt. Beide Wege können dabei als Versuche gelten, das Fremde zu kategorisieren, mit dem "Orient" und "Okzident" durch den Zusammenprall der Kulturen im Gefolge der Conquista plötzlich zu leben hatten. Da diese Versuche jedoch in sich z.T. fragwürdig sind, haben sie letztlich bis heute kaum dazu geführt, das Weltbild des jeweils anderen auch zu verstehen.
Zum Verhältnis zwischen Religionswissenschaft und Theologie
Authors: Moenikes Ansgar 
Published: April 2008

AbstractÜber eine Explikation der Begriffe "Religionswissenschaft" und "Theologie" wurde versucht, das Wesen und die Aufgabe beider Disziplinen sowie deren Verhältnis zueinander zu klären. Angesetzt wurde beim jeweiligen Gegenstand, "Religion/-en" bei der Religionswissenschaft und "Gott/Götter/Göttin/-nen" bei der Theologie. Religion/-en sind nicht Gegenstand der Theologie (ebensowenig wie Gott/Götter Objekt der Religionswissenschaft sind), sondern deren Standort. Objekt der Religionswissenschaft kann z.B. auch die Theologie einer Religion sein. Die sogenannte "Wirklichkeit der Religion" (zu der Gott/Götter als ein möglicher Aspekt gehört), also die Wirklichkeit dessen, was religiös als wirklich empfunden wird, ist Gegenstand der Religionsphilosophie bzw. der Theologie, die Empfindung dieser Wirklichkeit dagegen ist - unabhängig von der Wirklichkeit oder Nicht-Wirklichkeit des Empfindungsinhalts - ein Objekt der Religionswissenschaft. Religionswissenschaft hat einen empirisch faßbaren Gegenstand und ist daher eine empirische Wissenschaft; die Theologie hat einen empirisch nicht-faßbaren Gegenstand und ist daher eine nicht-empirische, deduktive Wissenschaft. Die historischen Fächer im christlich-theologischen Lehrplan, Bibelwissenschaft, Kirchen- und Theologiegeschichte, sind religionswissenschaftliche Disziplinen, deren Ergebnisse die Theologie, also Dogmatik und Moraltheologie, verarbeitet - wie die sogenannte Religionstheologie die Ergebnisse der Religionswissenschaft, die sich mit fremden Religionen beschäftigt, aufnimmt. Die "Fundamentaltheologie" ist Grundlagenwissenschaft der Theologie. Die praktischen Fächer nehmen die Ergebnisse der Theologie auf und wenden sie auf die kirchliche Praxis an. Die Religionsphilosophie hat es als Philosophie mit einem empirisch nicht faßbaren Gegenstand zu tun und ist daher keine religionswissenschaftliche Disziplin, sondern Grundlagenwissenschaft der Religionswissenschaft.
An Overview of the Jurisdictional Issues Affecting Hawaii's Ocean Waters
Authors: Van Dyke Jon M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSerious legal questions about ownership and governance of the waters surrounding Hawaii remain unresolved. Hawaii's islands form a geographical archipelago, but its waters do not qualify as "archipelagic waters" under the formal definition in the LOS Convention. Jurisdictional conflicts exist between the state and federal governments. And the Native Hawaiians have strong claims to the waters and the marine resources that need to be addressed.
Military Remains on and around the Coast of the United Kingdom: Statutory Mechanisms of Protection
Authors: Dromgoole Sarah 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article addresses the protection afforded by UK statute law to the large number of military remains found on and around the coast of the UK. It is concerned primarily, but not exclusively, with remains from World Wars I and II. These remains are varied in nature and include sunken vessels and aircraft; landing craft and amphibious vehicles; fortresses, gun emplacements and other coastal defences. They face a wide variety of threats, including looting, redevelopment, dredging and land reclamation, erosional processes, recreational activities and neglect. The article examines the protection offered to these remains by three statutes: the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973, the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The provisions of each statute are examined in order to consider the extent of the protection they may afford. The interrelationship of the statutes is also given consideration and the rather peculiar overlapping of their provisions is discussed. The Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 is given particularly full analysis since this statute has been neglected by academic commentators in the past and yet could offer a useful protective mechanism. Although it was enacted after the Falklands conflict primarily in order to protect the sanctity of human remains, its provisions, if fully implemented, would have wide effect. The difficulty which may arise in choosing the most appropriate statutory mechanism for protection of particular remains is illustrated by an interesting case study relating to the German vessels scuttled by their crews in Scapa Flow at the end of World War II. Finally, some comments and suggestions are made concerning the current division of administrative responsibility for military remains in the UK which leads to an unco-ordinated approach to protection.
Medico-Legal Study of 70.000 Prescriptions written in France
Authors: Benech J.M. , Quatrehomme G. , Gastaud B. , Ollier A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe authors studied 70 000 prescriptions by collecting a representative sample. All the informations were then put on a computer with a specific software to look for drug interactions. A quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. This work points out that an important effort needs to be made to improve the quality of prescriptions.
Ethically Difficult Situations Related to Organizational Conditions
Authors: Papadaki Eleni , Papadaki Vasileia 
Published: April 2008

• Summary: This article examines ethically difficult situations related to organizational conditions reported by social workers working in public agencies in Crete, Greece. A hermeneutical phenomenological approach for analysing short written narratives was employed in this study. • Findings: Inadequately resourced services and organizational rules and regulations resulted in a variety of ethically difficult situations. Social workers did not develop activities in order to improve inadequately resourced services and to challenge agency policies; they tried to find solutions within the constraints they encountered. • Applications : Increasing resources and changing organizational conditions that cause ethically difficult situations would contribute to improving social work practice. The role of social work education is important in preparing students to challenge agency practices and deal with ethically difficult situations effectively. The development of support systems for practitioners is necessary in order to promote ethical social work practice; social workers should not be left to deal with ethical difficulties on their own.
Physical alteration of antigorite: a Mössbauer spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy and TEM study with applications to Mars
Authors: Bishop J. L. , Dyar M. D. , Sklute E. C. , Drief A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPhysical alteration of magnetite-bearing antigorite grains is investigated in this study using Mössbauer, visible/near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-IR spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses. An expected decrease in grain size with grinding is observed using SEM. The HRTEM images illustrate that the nanophase-sized grains which adhere to larger grains have 7 Å antigorite patterns. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows the presence of antigorite, magnetite and an amorphous phase. Visible/near infrared spectra exhibit features common in serpentine. These spectra also show an increasing continuum slope with grinding, an effect which is characteristic of thin coatings or tiny grains on surfaces. Mid-IR spectra indicate the formation of fine-grained Si-OH and carbonate in these samples with grinding.
Linking the redox cycles of Fe oxides and Fe-rich clay minerals: an example from a palaeosol of the Upper Freshwater Molasse
Authors: Stanjek H. , Marchel C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA profile within the Upper Freshwater Molasse (OSM) of eastern Switzerland was sampled. Particle-size analyses, bulk chemical analyses, cation exchange capacities and Fe fractions (oxalate- and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-soluble Fe, total Fe) were measured. The mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and quantified with Rietveld analysis. The layer charge of selected fine-clay samples was determined with the alkylammonium method using chainnc= 12. The profile could be divided into a lower sequence (I) and an upper sequence (II) by a hiatus. Chemical data, particle-size distributions and calcite contents indicated that soil formation was essentially restricted to wetting-drying cycles associated with redox cycles evident from Feo/Fedand Fed/Fetratios. A significant correlation between thed060values of the dioctahedral smectite-illite mixed-layer phases and Feo/Fedwas interpreted as the influence of microbial Fe3+reduction, which affected both the Fe oxides and Fe-rich clay minerals. This is the first evidence that the Fe dynamics of both mineral groups may be linked. The amount of illitization also correlated with Feo/Fed, but only in the upper part of the profile. This indicates that wetting-drying cycles were necessary for the illitization process.
Mössbauer and IR analysis of iron sites in four ferruginous smectites
Authors: Cashion J. D. , Gates W. P. , Thomson A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract57Fe Mössbauer spectra of the Na+- and Ca2+-saturated forms of four ferruginous smectites,displaying a range of compositions, have been fitted with Voigtian profiles to represent (principally) two correlated distributions of isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings for the Fe3+ sites. Correlating the areas and hyperfine parameters of these distributions with simulations of the octahedral array of cations based on chemical analyses and infrared spectroscopy has enabled identification of the Fe3+ ions that contribute to the outer quadrupole doublet. The octahedral Fe3+ sites are characterized as having at least one Mg2+ nearest-cation neighbour and probably a cisconfiguration with respect to the OH– ions.
Spectroscopic studies of kaolin from different Brazilian regions
Authors: Scorzelli R. B. , Bertolino L. C. , Luz A. B. , Duttine M. , Silva F. A. N. G. , Munayco P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOver the past several decades, kaolin has been used intensively in the paper industry as a coating and filler material. These applications require kaolin of a high brightness grade, which depends heavily on the level of impurities (mainly Fe-bearing minerals such as Fe oxides and hydroxides) and may be improved by beneficiation processes involving grain-size classification, magnetic separation and chemical treatments. This investigation was carried out on five Brazilian kaolin samples of different geographical and geological origins. Granulometric, mineralogical, chemical and physical characterizations were performed on all samples before and after the beneficiation process.Chemical compositions were determined by X-ray fluorescence and the most important crystalline phases were identified using X-ray diffraction. Kaolinite is the dominant mineralogical phase with minor amounts of muscovite and quartz. The nature of Fe impurities was investigated by electron spin resonance and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. For all studied kaolin samples, Fe ions (Fe3+ and Fe2+) are present in variable amounts, in the kaolinite structure and also in Fe oxides (magnetite, hematite and goethite). The beneficiation procedure aims to remove these Fe oxides and was found to be most efficient for the Mogi das Cruzes kaolin. The Seridó kaolin had the best whiteness index observed among the analysed samples.
Investment analysts and the American Society of Hematology
Authors: Steensma David P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Investment analysts are a growing presence at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH), and financial professionals frequently contact ASH members for information and perspective on drugs, devices, and scientific developments. Recent incidents have raised concerns about consulting relationships between physicians and the investment industry; the appropriate role of medical societies in influencing these relationships is unclear. In this essay, I summarize the current situation, discuss potential risks and benefits from interactions between physicians and investment analysts, and outline issues that all individuals involved in investment industry consulting should consider. I also propose changes in ASH policy that may help safeguard public trust as well as preserve the access of clinicians and scientists to clinically relevant data presented at the Annual Meeting.