bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study of personal protective equipment use, training and biosafety preparedness among healthcare workers during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Muner Kerstin , Kilgour Julia , Ometto Tatiana , Brandão Ana Pérola Drulla , dos Santos Andrea Pires , Guimarães Ana Marcia Sá 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesBrazil has high rates of COVID-19 and tuberculosis among healthcare workers (HCWs). Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for their protection. We aimed to evaluate PPE use, training, and preparedness among HCWs in the early months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires available to HCWs through a website created to provide PPE guidelines. χ2test and robust Poisson regression identified factors associated with HCWs treating COVID-19 patients (TCOVID-19), lack of training on PPE use and N95 respirator reuse. The speech content of open-ended questions was analysed.ResultsWe analysed 1410 questionnaires collected from April to July 2020 representing 526 Brazilian cities. HCWs-TCOVID-19 had fewer years of work experience, were more likely to reuse PPE, and reported higher stress levels and lower biosafety at the workplace than HCWs not TCOVID-19 patients. Fearful concerns, limited PPE access and pandemic unpreparedness were common among HCWs. Lack of PPE training was associated with the profession and no N95 respirator fit tests. N95 reuse during the pandemic, common to 78% of the HCWs, was associated with the reuse of PPE during the pandemic and reuse of N95 before the pandemic.ConclusionsWe report the unpreparedness of HCWs and institutions to handle the pandemic, with low rates of training and N95 respirator fit testing and high PPE reuse. N95 reuse was a pre-established practice. This chronic unpreparedness to deal with airborne pathogens may have contributed to one of the highest global rates of tuberculosis and COVID-19 among HCWs.
Systematic review of the effects of patient errors using inhaled delivery systems on clinical outcomes in COPD
Authors: Halpin David M G , Mahler Donald A 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundErrors using inhaled delivery systems for COPD are common and it is assumed that these lead to worse clinical outcomes. Previous systematic reviews have included patients with both asthma and COPD and much of the evidence related to asthma. More studies in COPD have now been published. Through systematic review, the relationship between errors using inhalers and clinical outcomes in COPD, including the importance of specific errors, was assessed.MethodsElectronic databases were searched on 27 October 2023 to identify cohort, case–control or randomised controlled studies, which included patients with COPD, an objective assessment of inhaler errors and data on at least one outcome of interest (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, (FEV1), dyspnoea, health status and exacerbations). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle and Ottawa scales. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed as there was insufficient detail in the publications to allow quantitative synthesis. There was no funding for the review.Results19 publications were included (7 cohort and 12 case–control) reporting outcomes on 6487 patients. 15 were considered low quality, and most were confounded by the absence of adherence data. There was weak evidence that lower error rates are associated with better FEV1, symptoms and health status and fewer exacerbations. Only one considered the effects of individual errors and found that only some were related to worse outcomes.ConclusionEvidence about the importance of specific errors using inhalers and outcomes would optimise the education and training of patients with COPD. Prospective studies, including objective monitoring of inhalation technique and adherence, are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023393120.
Virtual reality-based cognitive–behavioural therapy for the treatment of anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Peng Juan , Yang Pingyuan , Weng Jiajun , Lu Yan'e , Liu Jiajia , Xu Shikun , Guan Lihua , Huang Dong , Wang Qibing , Qian Juying , Zhao Zexin , Wei Yabin , Ge Junbo , Huang Xiao 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe presence of mental health conditions is pervasive in patients who experienced acute myocardial infarction (AMI), significantly disrupting their recovery. Providing timely and easily accessible psychological interventions using virtual reality-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (VR-CBT) could potentially improve both acute and long-term symptoms affecting their mental health.AimsWe aim to examine the effectiveness of VR-CBT on anxiety symptoms in patients with AMI who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the acute stage of their illness.MethodsIn this single-blind randomised clinical trial, participants with anxiety symptoms who were admitted to the ICU due to AMI were continuously recruited from December 2022 to February 2023. Patients who were Han Chinese aged 18–75 years were randomly assigned (1:1) via block randomisation to either the VR-CBT group to receive VR-CBT in addition to standard mental health support, or the control group to receive standard mental health support only. VR-CBT consisted of four modules and was delivered at the bedside over a 1-week period. Assessments were done at baseline, immediately after treatment and at 3-month follow-up. The intention-to-treat analysis began in June 2023. The primary outcome measure was the changes in anxiety symptoms as assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).ResultsAmong 148 randomised participants, 70 were assigned to the VR-CBT group and 78 to the control group. The 1-week VR-CBT intervention plus standard mental health support significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms compared with standard mental health support alone in terms of HAM-A scores at both post intervention (Cohen’s d=−1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.64 to −0.90, p<0.001) and 3-month follow-up (Cohen’s d=−0.37 (95% CI: −0.72 to −0.01, p=0.024). Of the 70 participants who received VR-CBT, 62 (88.6%) completed the entire intervention. Cybersickness was the main reported adverse event (n=5).ConclusionsOur results indicate that VR-CBT can significantly reduce post-AMI anxiety at the acute stage of the illness; the improvement was maintained at the 3-month follow-up.Trial registration numberThe trial was registered atwww.chictr.org.cnwith the identifier: ChiCTR2200066435.
Review of codelists used to define hypertension in electronic health records and development of a codelist for research
Authors: Massen Georgie May , Stone Philip W , Kwok Harley H Y , Jenkins Gisli , Allen Richard J , Wain Louise V , Stewart Iain , Quint Jennifer Kathleen 
Published: April 2024

Background and aimsHypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Electronic health records (EHRs) are routinely collected throughout a person’s care, recording all aspects of health status, including current and past conditions, prescriptions and test results. EHRs can be used for epidemiological research. However, there are nuances in the way conditions are recorded using clinical coding; it is important to understand the methods which have been applied to define exposures, covariates and outcomes to enable interpretation of study findings. This study aimed to identify codelists used to define hypertension in studies that use EHRs and generate recommended codelists to support reproducibility and consistency.Eligibility criteriaStudies included populations with hypertension defined within an EHR between January 2010 and August 2023 and were systematically identified using MEDLINE and Embase. A summary of the most frequently used sources and codes is described. Due to an absence of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) codelists in the literature, a recommended SNOMED CT codelist was developed to aid consistency and standardisation of hypertension research using EHRs.Findings375 manuscripts met the study criteria and were eligible for inclusion, and 112 (29.9%) reported codelists. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) was the most frequently used clinical terminology, 59 manuscripts provided ICD 9 codelists (53%) and 58 included ICD 10 codelists (52%). Informed by commonly used ICD and Read codes, usage recommendations were made. We derived SNOMED CT codelists informed by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for hypertension management. It is recommended that these codelists be used to identify hypertension in EHRs using SNOMED CT codes.ConclusionsLess than one-third of hypertension studies using EHRs included their codelists. Transparent methodology for codelist creation is essential for replication and will aid interpretation of study findings. We created SNOMED CT codelists to support and standardise hypertension definitions in EHR studies.
Advance care planning in British Columbia: awareness and engagement (2012–2020)
Authors: Carter Rachel Zoe , Hassan Eman , Barwich Doris 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study examines trends in advance care planning (ACP) awareness, engagement, attitude and experiences among the public in British Columbia (BC), Canada, from 2012 to 2020. This time period is of relevance as it includes provincial education initiatives. We also explored demographic characteristics associated with lower ACP awareness and engagement, to inform future initiatives.MethodsLongitudinal data from two provincial polls in 2016 and 2020, along with BC-specific data extracted from a national poll in 2012, were analysed to investigate ACP awareness, engagement and attitudes. Demographic characteristics associated with ACP were examined using binomial and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsWe observed an increase in awareness of ACP between 2012 and 2020 (from 15.2% to 32.9%). A significant rise in engagement was also observed, with more respondents reporting ACP conversations with healthcare providers between 2016 and 2020 (8.8%–14%) and documenting their healthcare wishes since 2012 (11.6%–28.0%). Demographic analysis revealed that older, female and more educated individuals were more likely to participate in ACP activities.ConclusionsThis study highlights positive trends in ACP awareness and engagement in BC over the study period. Despite lower rates in some variables, the observed increases suggest increasing awareness over time, with potential for further improvement. However, disparities persist among different demographic groups, highlighting the need for targeted efforts to improve ACP knowledge and participation, especially among younger adults, males, single individuals and those with lower education levels.
A polyphenol-rich cranberry supplement improves muscle oxidative capacity in healthy adults
Authors: Parenteau Francis , Denis Antoine , Roberts Mary , Comtois Alain Steve , Bergdahl Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Cranberries are rich in polyphenols, have a high antioxidant capacity, and may protect against exercise-induced free radical production. Mitochondria are known producers of free radical in skeletal muscle, and preventing overproduction of radicals may be a viable approach to improve muscle health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CE) on muscle oxidative capacity and oxygenation metrics in healthy active adults. 17 participants (9 males and 8 females) were tested at: (i) baseline, (ii) 2 h following an acute CE dose (0.7 g/kg of body mass), and (iii) after 4 weeks of daily supplement consumption (0.3 g/kg of body mass). At each time point, muscle oxidative capacity was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption following a 15–20 s contraction of the vastus lateralis. Cranberry supplementation over 28 days significantly improved muscle oxidative capacity (k-constant, 2.8 ± 1.8 vs. 3.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.02). This was supported by a greater rate of oxygen depletion during a sustained cuff occlusion (−0.04 ± 0.02 vs. −0.07 ± 0.03; p = 0.02). Resting muscle oxygen consumption was not affected by cranberry consumption. Our results suggest that cranberry supplementation may play a role in improving mitochondrial health, which could lead to better muscle oxidative capacity in healthy active adult populations.
Multiple mixed solutions of the nonlocal sine-Gordon equation
Authors: Li Jian , Duan Junsheng , Li Yan , Li Chuanzhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the nonlocal sine-Gordon equation from the AKNS system by the Parity and the Time symmetries. Moreover, the main work is to construct the Darboux transformation for the nonlocal sine-Gordon equation. In particular, various types of solutions are obtained by taking a seed solution, such as, soliton solutions, kink solutions, mixed solutions.
Search for the anomalous ZZZ and $$ZZ\gamma $$ gauge couplings through the process $$e^+e^- \rightarrow ZZ $$ with unpolarized and polarized beams
Authors: Cetinkaya V. , Spor S. , Gurkanli E. , Köksal M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work offers the constraints on the anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings for the process $$e^+e^- \rightarrow ZZ $$

e
+

e
-

→
Z
Z

at the CLIC with $$\sqrt{s}=3$$

s

=
3

TeV. The realistic CLIC detector environments and their effects are considered in our analysis. The study is planned for the decays of produced Z bosons to a pair of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and neutrino pairs. The bounds on the anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings defining CP-violating $$C_{\widetilde{B}W}/{\Lambda ^4}$$

C

B
~

W

/

Λ
4

coupling and three CP-conserving $$C_{WW}/{\Lambda ^4}$$

C

WW

/

Λ
4

, $$C_{BW}/{\Lambda ^4}$$

C

BW

/

Λ
4

, and $$C_{BB}/{\Lambda ^4}$$

C

BB

/

Λ
4

couplings are obtained. Also, the effects and advantages of polarization for incoming electron beams in these calculations are investigated.
Index Shipping for Efficient Replication in LSM Key-Value Stores with Hybrid KV Placement
Authors: Stylianakis Giorgos , Saloustros Giorgos , Chiotakis Orestis , Xanthakis Giorgos , Bilas Angelos 
Published: April 2024

Key-value (KV) stores based on the LSM tree have become a foundational layer in the storage stack of datacenters and cloud services. Current approaches for achieving reliability and availability favor reducing network traffic and send to replicas only new KV pairs. As a result, they perform costly compactions to reorganize data in both the primary and backup nodes, which increases device I/O traffic and CPU overhead, and eventually hurts overall system performance. In this article, we describe
Tebis
, an efficient LSM-based KV store that reduces I/O amplification and CPU overhead for maintaining the replica index. We use a primary-backup replication scheme that performs compactions only on the primary nodes and sends pre-built indexes to backup nodes, avoiding all compactions in backup nodes. Our approach includes an efficient mechanism to deal with pointer translation across nodes in the pre-built region index. Our results show that
Tebis
reduces resource utilization on backup nodes compared to performing full compactions: throughput is increased by 1.06 to 2.90×, CPU efficiency is increased by 1.21 to 2.78×, and I/O amplification is reduced by 1.7 to 3.27×, whereas network traffic increases by up to 1.32 to 3.76x.
De Novo Purine Metabolism is a Metabolic Vulnerability of Cancers with Low p16 Expression
Authors: Tangudu Naveen Kumar , Buj Raquel , Wang Hui , Wang Jiefei , Cole Aidan R. , Uboveja Apoorva , Fang Richard , Amalric Amandine , Yang Baixue , Chatoff Adam , Crispim Claudia V. , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Lyons Maureen A. , Cooper Kristine , Hempel Nadine , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Chandran Uma R. , Snyder Nathaniel W. , Aird Katherine M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

p16 is a tumor suppressor encoded by the CDKN2A gene whose expression is lost in approximately 50% of all human cancers. In its canonical role, p16 inhibits the G1–S-phase cell cycle progression through suppression of cyclin-dependent kinases. Interestingly, p16 also has roles in metabolic reprogramming, and we previously published that loss of p16 promotes nucleotide synthesis via the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the broader impact of p16/CDKN2A loss on other nucleotide metabolic pathways and potential therapeutic targets remains unexplored. Using CRISPR knockout libraries in isogenic human and mouse melanoma cell lines, we determined several nucleotide metabolism genes essential for the survival of cells with loss of p16/CDKN2A. Consistently, many of these genes are upregulated in melanoma cells with p16 knockdown or endogenously low CDKN2A expression. We determined that cells with low p16/CDKN2A expression are sensitive to multiple inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis, including antifolates. Finally, tumors with p16 knockdown were more sensitive to the antifolate methotrexate in vivo than control tumors. Together, our data provide evidence to reevaluate the utility of these drugs in patients with p16/CDKN2Alow tumors as loss of p16/CDKN2A may provide a therapeutic window for these agents.

Significance:
Antimetabolites were the first chemotherapies, yet many have failed in the clinic due to toxicity and poor patient selection. Our data suggest that p16 loss provides a therapeutic window to kill cancer cells with widely-used antifolates with relatively little toxicity.
Systolic Blood Pressure and Survival to Very Old Age: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Haring Bernhard , Andrews Chris A. , Hovey Kathleen , Shadyab Aladdin H. , LaCroix Andrea , Martin Lisa Warsinger , Rosal Milagros C. , Kuller Lewis H. , Salmoirago-Blotcher Elena , Saquib Nazmus , Koo Patrick , Laddu Deepika , Stefanick Marcia L. , Manson JoAnn E. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , LaMonte Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and longevity is not fully understood. We aimed to determine which SBP levels in women ≥65 years of age with or without blood pressure medication were associated with the highest probability of surviving to 90 years of age.

METHODS:
The study population consisted of 16 570 participants enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative who were eligible to survive to 90 years of age by February 28, 2020, without a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or cancer. Blood pressure was measured at baseline (1993 through 1998) and then annually through 2005. The outcome was defined as survival to 90 years of age with follow-up. Absolute probabilities of surviving to 90 years of age were estimated for all combinations of SBP and age using generalized additive logistic regression modeling. The SBP that maximized survival was estimated for each age, and a 95% CI was generated.

RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 19.8 years, 9723 of 16 570 women (59%) survived to 90 years of age. Women with an SBP between 110 and 130 mm Hg at attained ages of 65, 70, 75, and 80 years had a 38% (95% CI, 34%–48%), 54% (52%–56%), 66% (64%–67%), or 75% (73%–78%) absolute probability to survive to 90 years of age, respectively. The probability of surviving to 90 years of age was lower for greater SBP levels. Women at the attained age of 80 years with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100% time in therapeutic range (defined as an SBP between 110 and 130 mm Hg) had a 66% (64%–69%), 68% (67%–70%), 71% (69%–72%), 73% (71%–74%), 75% (72%–77%), or 77% (74%–79%) absolute survival probability to 90 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS:
For women >65 years of age with low cardiovascular disease and other chronic disease risk, an SBP level <130 mm Hg was found to be associated with longevity. These findings reinforce current guidelines targeting an SBP target <130 mm Hg in older women.
The Role of Uniform Textures in Making Texture Elements Visible in
the Visual Periphery
Authors: Bertamini Marco , Oletto Carolina Maria , Contemori Giulio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There are important differences between central and peripheral vision. With respect to shape, contours retain phenomenal sharpness, although some contours disappear if they are near other contours. This leads to some uniform textures to appear non-uniform (Honeycomb illusion, Bertamini et al., 2016). Unlike other phenomena of shape perception in the periphery, this illusion is showing how continuity of the texture does not contribute to phenomenal continuity. We systematically varied the relationship between central and peripheral regions, and we collected subjective reports (how far can one see lines) as well as judgments of line orientation. We used extended textures created with a square grid and some additional lines that are invisible when they are located at the corners of the grid, or visible when they are separated from the grid (control condition). With respects to subjective reports, we compared the region of visibility for cases in which the texture was uniform (Exp 1a), or when in a central region the lines were different (Exp 1b). There were no differences, showing no role of objective uniformity on visibility. Next, in addition to the region of visibility we measured sensitivity using a forced-choice task (line tilted left or right) (Exp 2). The drop in sensitivity with eccentricity matched the size of the region in which lines were perceived in the illusion condition, but not in the control condition. When participants were offered a choice to report of the lines were present or absent (Exp 3) they confirmed that they did not see them in the illusion condition, but saw them in the control condition. We conclude that mechanisms that control perception of contours operate differently in the periphery, and override prior expectations, including that of uniformity. Conversely, when elements are detected in the periphery, we assign to them properties based on information from central vision, but these shapes cannot be identified correctly when the task requires such discrimination.
The Formal and Real Subsumption of Gender Relations
Authors: Portella Elizabeth , Busk Larry Alan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Attempts to unify Marxist and feminist social critique have been vexed by the fact that ‘patriarchy’ predates the advent of capitalism (its transhistorical status). Feminists within the Marxist, socialist, and materialist traditions have responded to this point by either granting patriarchy a certain autonomy relative to capitalism (the ‘dual/triple systems’ approach), or by suggesting that patriarchal relations have a foundational and necessary status in the history of capitalist development (which we term the ‘origins-subsistence’ approach). This paper offers an alternative account of the relationship between capitalism and the transhistorical status of ‘patriarchy’. In aid of a ‘unitary theory’ of Marxist Feminism, we argue that the transhistorical status of patriarchy is better understood through an application of Marx’s concepts of formal and real subsumption. A modified version of these concepts can illuminate not only capitalist appropriation of antecedent social and economic forms, but also its capacity to produce new forms of gendered exploitation and oppression.