bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by down-regulating thymidylate synthase in human cancer cells
Authors: Lee Ju-Hee , Park Jung-Hyun , Jung Yeonjoo , Kim Jee-Hyun , Jong Hyun-Soon , Kim Tae-You , Bang Yung-Jue 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) overexpression is a key determinant of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human cancer cells. TS is also acutely up-regulated with 5-FU treatment, and, thus, novel strategies targeting TS down-regulation seem to be promising in terms of modulating 5-FU resistance. Here, we report that histone deacetylase inhibitors can reverse 5-FU resistance by down-regulating TS. By using cDNA microarrays and validation experiments, we found that trichostatin A reduced the expression of both TS mRNA and TS protein. Cotreatment with trichostatin A and cycloheximide restored TS mRNA expression, suggesting that TS mRNA is repressed through new protein synthesis. On the other hand, TS protein expression was significantly reduced by lower doses of trichostatin A (50 nmol/L). Mechanistically, TS protein was found to interact with heat shock protein (Hsp) complex, and trichostatin A treatment induced chaperonic Hsp90 acetylation and subsequently enhanced Hsp70 binding to TS, which led to the proteasomal degradation of TS protein. Of note, combined treatment with low-dose trichostatin A and 5-FU enhanced 5-FU–mediated cytotoxicity in 5-FU–resistant cancer cells in accordance with TS protein down-regulation. We conclude that a combinatorial approach using histone deacetylase inhibitors may be useful at overcoming 5-FU resistance. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(12):3085–95]
Pravastatin Enhances Beneficial Effects of Olmesartan on Vascular Injury of Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats, via Pleiotropic Effects
Authors: Yamamoto Eiichiro , Yamashita Takuro , Tanaka Tomoko , Kataoka Keiichiro , Tokutomi Yoshiko , Lai Zhong-Fang , Dong Yi-Fei , Matsuba Shinji , Ogawa Hisao , Kim-Mitsuyama Shokei 
Published: December 2006

Objective—This work was undertaken to investigate comparative effect of AT1 receptor blocker (ARB), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzymeA (CoA) reductase inhibitor (statin), and their combination on vascular injury of salt-sensitive hypertension.Methods and Results—Salt-loaded Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats (DS rats) were treated with (1) vehicle, (2) hydralazine (5 mg/kg/d), (3) olmesartan (0.5 mg/kg/d), (4) pravastatin (100 mg/kg/d), and (5) combined olmesartan and pravastatin for 4 weeks. Olmesartan or pravastatin significantly and comparably improved vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, coronary arterial remodeling, and eNOS activity of DS rats. Olmesartan prevented vascular eNOS dimer disruption or the downregulation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) more than pravastatin, whereas Akt phosphorylation was enhanced by pravastatin but not olmesartan, indicating differential pleiotropic effects between olmesartan and pravastatin. Add-on pravastatin significantly enhanced the improvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction and remodeling by olmesartan in DS rats. Moreover, pravastatin enhanced the increase in eNOS activity by olmesartan, being associated with additive effects of pravastatin on phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS.Conclusions—Olmesartan and pravastatin exerted beneficial vascular effects in salt-sensitive hypertension, via differential pleiotropic effects. Pravastatin enhanced vascular protective effects of olmesartan. Thus, the combination of ARB with statin may be the potential therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Fictionalizing Jesus: Story and History in Two Recent Jesus Novels
Authors: Crook Zeba 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFrom canonical and extra-canonical gospels to the modern phenomenon of the ‘Jesus novel’, people have been fictionalizing Jesus by filling in gaps in the historical and narrative record. This essay inaugurates a field of inquiry by contrasting two recent novels, Norman Mailer’s The Gospel According to the Son (1997) and Nino Ricci’s Testament (2002). In particular it examines how each of the novels depicts the role and character of Judas Iscariot, the question of Jesus’ performance of miracles, as well as how each novel depicts Jesus. In all, the remarkable historical plausibility of these novels, or parts of them, raises the very interesting issue of the relationship between story and history, between fiction and history.
Formation of aluminium hydroxy vermiculite (intergrade) and smectite from mica under acidic conditions
Authors: Vicente M. A. , Razzaghe M. , Robert M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAluminous hydroxy 2/1 clay minerals (‘intergrades’) can form in two ways: Al can either come externally from the solution, or internally from the mineral itself (octahedral or tetrahedral layers). This study is more concerned with the latter which seems the main source in acid soils.The most common organic acids present under natural conditions were used on two trioctahedral micas (phlogopite and biotite), and their chemical and mineralogical weathering effects were determined.Different kinds of mineralogical evolution are possible: mineral destruction by a few very complexing acids, possibly with intermediate stages (interstratified minerals); formation of ‘transformation’ smectite by acids derived from sugars; Al-hydroxy vermiculite formation (the 14 Å diffraction peak of which is stable under K saturation and vacuum). This evolution is the most frequent and is produced by the most numerous organic acids (even CO2), the acidity of which results in Al migration in the interlayer, but the complexing ability of which is not sufficient for Al removal.
Formation of clay minerals in andosoils under temperate climate
Authors: Hetier J. M. , Yoshinaga N. , Weber F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe principal methods for studying clay minerals in andosoils differ especially by the succession of the pretreatments, i.e. differential dissolution of amorphous mineral cements before (first method) or after (second method) the dispersion and recovery of granulometric fractions.The first method permits a rapid total quantitative estimation of amorphous components and an accurate identification of crystallized clay minerals by means of X-ray diffraction. The second method only proves the presence of allophane and imogolite.The two methods were applied in two different laboratories on the same soils from the Massif Central. The comparison of the results emphasizes the profit of using the two methods, especially if hypotheses on the mechanisms of clay genesis are to be proposed.These results, if placed in the context of a more comprehensive study, suggest the existence of two principal phases of clay genesis, strongly connected to the evolution of organic matter in andosoils, as follows: (i) an early, prepedologic phase during which halloysites and smectites would form; (ii) a late phase giving rise especially to some kaolinite and gibbsite.
Progress in mineralogy
Authors: Dunham Kingsley 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe Mineralogical Society celebrated its 50th Anniversary in 1926; this address attempts to summarize the substantial developments in the subject over the past 50 years and looks ahead to the future. Up to 1926, only the techniques of goniometry, optical investigation of non-opaques, and classical chemical analysis had been fully exploited. X-ray crystallography, though already 14 years old, had made little impact but was to advance with great rapidity to achieve, for example, the modern conception of silicate structure by 1934. The insight into the atomic structure of minerals provided by this technique has been central to the advancement of the subject. The powder camera and more recently the counting diffractometer have become the chief determinative tools, though microscopy is still important. Diffractometry with a tied computer has greatly speeded up structural work. Advances in electron microscopy may soon make it possible to produce direct images of atomic structure. Meanwhile wet-chemical procedures have largely given place to spectroscopy (optical emission, X-ray, and atomic absorption), to the electron microprobe and to various still more advanced techniques, including the investigation of stable and unstable isotopic composition by mass spectrometry. Independently, the optical identification of opaque minerals has been brought to an advanced state. All these developments have opened the way for progress in the understanding of the paragenesis and genesis of minerals, subjects to which experimentation at high temperatures and pressure now contribute materially; and for practical applications in many fields, including ore deposits, beneficiation, ceramics, refractories, cement, sinters, and fuels.
Fluid-inclusion evidence for the formation conditions of apatite from the Tororo carbonatite complex of eastern Uganda
Authors: Rankin Andrew H. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryPortions of the carbonatitic fluids responsible for the deposition of apatite from the Tororo car-bonatite complex are trapped and preserved as minute (< 100 µm) inclusions within the apatites. These fluids consist predominantly of alkali-carbonate-bearing brines and demonstrate that water and alkalis played an important role in the formation of the carbonatites from this complex. Furthermore, the opinion that carbonatite ‘magmas’ are richer in alkalis and water than the chemistry of the carbonatites themselves reveal is clearly substantiated. The mean minimum formation temperature of the apatites from five separate carbonatite samples were determined from the homogenization temperatures of 200 primary aqueous inclusions. The results from Limekiln Hill samples (328 °C 321 °C 359 °C) are similar to those from samples of the separate carbonatite mass at Tororo Rock (353 °C, 365 °C).
Origin of appinitic pockets in the diorites of Jersey, Channel Islands
Authors: Key Colin H. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryIsolated pockets of pegmatitic appinite characterized by hollow-shell, prismatic amphiboles are common in the Pre-Cambrian metagabbros and metasomatic diorites of Jersey. Field relationships and petrography indicate a liquid phase in the formation of these appinitic pockets, which are chemically distinct from the associated gabbros and diorites. Close chemical ties between appinites and host rocks, however, prove a replacive, metasomatic, rather than intrusive origin for the pockets. Significant enrichment in SiO2, K2O, and Na2O suggest that surrounding granite provided the metasomatic agents. The localized changes in composition of the basic rocks resulted in the formation of partially molten pockets from which the appinites crystallized. This mechanism probably necessitates a temperature in the region of 900 °C at 2–5 Kb PH2O: Fractured, hollow-shell, prismatic amphiboles of the pockets are consistent with quench crystallization, possibly due to the sudden loss of volatiles. An increase in the oxygen fugacity may have played a major role in inducing the rapid crystallization of kaersutitic amphibole. The envisaged conditions under which these changes took place are those of a high-level, sub-volcanic environment.
Fluorapatites from the Skaergaard intrusion, East Greenland
Authors: Brown G. M. , Peckett A. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe compositions of apatite crystals from seven Skaergaard rocks were obtained by electron-probe microanalysis. These span the range of occurrence from the base to the top of the exposed zones of the layered series. Apatite occurs as an intercumulus phase in the lower zones, but becomes a cumulus phase at a structural height of 1850 m (c. 98 % crystallized), defining the base of Upper Zone b. All apatite analyses show a high F:Cl ratio. There is a slight but significant increase in F and decrease in Cl when the apatite becomes a cumulus phase, the F/Cl values changing from < 10 to > 30. Variations in F:Cl:OH are attributed to differential volatile migration from trapped intercumulus liquid sites. The apatite data provide new support for ferrodiorite-granophyre liquid immiscibility.
The diagnostic geochemistry, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of high-calcium, low-alkali olivine tholeiite dykes in the Lower Tertiary regional swarm of the Isle of Skye, NW Scotland
Authors: Mattey D. P. , Gibson I. L. , Marriner G. F. , Thompson R. N. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryDykes from four sections across the axis of the Skye regional swarm have been analysed for major elements, Nb, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and rare-earth elements. 70 % of the dykes are characterized by relatively high CaO (11–12%), and low abundance of elements such as TiO2 (∼1%), K2O (0·05–0·20 %), Zr (30–60 ppm), with a light-rare-earth depleted chondrite normalized pattern. The remainder of the swarm comprises dykes equivalent in composition to the Skye Main Lava Series and dykes belonging to a further magma type distinguished by a flat chondrite normalized rare-earth pattern. The high-calcium, low-alkali tholeiite dykes are confined to a narrow persistent zone forming the major axis of dilation of the swarm; other basaltic dykes are axially less persistent and have a wider lateral distribution. The more evolved dykes tend to be restricted to central Skye.
The metavoltine problem: metavoltine from Madeni Zakh and Chuquicamata, and a related artificial compound
Authors: Scordari F. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryBandy (1938) described as metavoltine? a mineral coming from Chuquicamata (Chile) with chemical composition K2Na6Fe3+(SO4)12(OH)2·20H2O. Owing to some differences between this mineral and that first described by Blaas (1883), doubts persist on the identity of these two compounds. X-ray analyses were performed to clarify the relation between them. An artificial product, closely related to metavoltine as regards lattice and chemical composition, was also studied, and affords a better understanding of the Na and K diadochy already observed in metavoltine.
An intergrowth of calcic labradorite in a plagioclase-quartz-biotite gneiss from Broken Hill, New South Wales
Authors: Phillips Evan R. , Chenhall Bryan E. , Stone Ian J. , Pemberton J. W. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryCompositions of An61 and An69·5 have been determined for two domains in plagioclase from a gneiss. Optical properties indicate that the same compositions apply respectively for an intergrowth of ‘matrix’ and lamellae found in zones between the domains. The intergrowth appears to span the composition range between the Bøggild and Huttenlocher intergrowths.
Caregivers' perceived treatment failure in home-based management of fever among Ugandan children aged less than five years
Authors: Malimbo Mugagga , Mugisha Erieza , Kato Fred , Karamagi Charles , Talisuna Ambrose O 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Home-based management of fever (HBMF) could improve prompt access to antimalarial medicines for African children. However, the perception of treatment failure by caregivers has not been assessed.

Methods
Caregiver's perceived treatment outcome in HBMF and in alternative sources of fever treatment was assessed in a rural Ugandan setting using nine hundred and seventy eight (978) caregivers of children between two and 59 months of age, who had reported fever within two weeks prior to the study.

Results
Lower caregivers' perceived treatment failure (15% and 23%) was observed in the formal health facilities and in HBMF, compared to private clinics (38%), drug shops (55%) or among those who used herbs (56%). Under HBMF, starting treatment within 24 hours of symptoms onset and taking treatment for the recommended three days duration was associated with a lower perceived treatment failure. Conversely, vomiting, convulsions and any illness in the month prior to the fever episode was associated with a higher perceived treatment failure.

Conclusion
In this medium malaria transmission setting, caregiver's perceived treatment outcome was better in HBMF compared to alternative informal sources of treatment.
Protein methylation is required to maintain optimal HIV-1 infectivity
Authors: Willemsen Nicole M , Hitchen Eleanor M , Bodetti Tracey J , Apolloni Ann , Warrilow David , Piller Sabine C , Harrich David 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground:Protein methylation is recognized as a major protein modification pathway regulating diverse cellular events such as protein trafficking, transcription, and signal transduction. More recently, protein arginine methyltransferase activity has been shown to regulate HIV-1 transcription via Tat. In this study, adenosine periodate (AdOx) was used to globally inhibit protein methyltransferase activity so that the effect of protein methylation on HIV-1 infectivity could be assessed.Results:Two cell culture models were used: HIV-1-infected CEM T-cells and HEK293T cells transfected with a proviral DNA plasmid. In both models, AdOx treatment of cells increased the levels of virion in culture supernatant. However, these viruses had increased levels of unprocessed or partially processed Gag-Pol, significantly increased diameter, and displayed reduced infectivity in a MAGI X4 assay. AdOx reduced infectivity equally in both dividing and non-dividing cells. However, infectivity was further reduced if Vpr was deleted suggesting virion proteins, other than Vpr, were affected by protein methylation. Endogenous reverse transcription was not inhibited in AdOx-treated HIV-1, and infectivity could be restored by pseudotyping HIV with VSV-G envelope protein. These experiments suggest that AdOx affects an early event between receptor binding and uncoating, but not reverse transcription.Conclusion:Overall, we have shown for the first time that protein methylation contributes towards maximal virus infectivity. Furthermore, our results also indicate that protein methylation regulates HIV-1 infectivity in a complex manner most likely involving the methylation of multiple viral or cellular proteins and/or multiple steps of replication.
Pulmonary artery catheter versus pulse contour analysis: a prospective epidemiological study
Authors: Uchino Shigehiko , Bellomo Rinaldo , Morimatsu Hiroshi , Sugihara Makoto , French Craig , Stephens Dianne , Wendon Julia , Honore Patrick , Mulder John , Turner Andrew ,   the PAC/PiCCO Use and Likelihood of Success Evaluation [PULSE] Study Group
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Introduction
The choice of invasive systemic haemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients remains controversial as no multicentre comparative clinical data exist. Accordingly, we sought to study and compare the features and outcomes of patients who receive haemodynamic monitoring with either the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) or pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) technology.

Methods
We conducted a prospective multicentre, multinational epidemiological study in a cohort of 331 critically ill patients who received haemodynamic monitoring by PAC or PiCCO according to physician preference in intensive care units (ICUs) of eight hospitals in four countries. We collected data on haemodynamics, demographic features, daily fluid balance, mechanical ventilation days, ICU days, hospital days, and hospital mortality. We statistically compared the two techniques.

Results
Three hundred and forty-two catheters (PiCCO 192 and PAC 150) were inserted in 331 patients. On direct comparison, patients with PAC were older (68 versus 64 years of age; p = 0.0037), were given inotropic drugs more frequently (37.3% versus 13%; p < 0.0001), and had a lower cardiac index (2.6 versus 3.2 litres/minute per square meter; p < 0.0001). Mean daily fluid balance was significantly greater during PiCCO monitoring (+659 versus +350 ml/day; p = 0.017) and mechanical ventilation-free days were fewer (12 for PiCCO versus 21 for PAC; p = 0.045). However, after multiple regression analysis, we found no significant effect of monitoring technique on mean daily fluid balance, mechanical ventilation-free days, ICU-free days, or hospital mortality. A secondary multiple logistic regression analysis for hospital mortality which included mean daily fluid balance showed that positive fluid balance was a significant predictor of hospital mortality (odds ratio = 1.0002 for each ml/day; p = 0.0073).

Conclusion
On direct comparison, the use of PiCCO was associated with a greater positive fluid balance and fewer ventilator-free days. After correction for confounding factors, the choice of monitoring did not influence major outcomes, whereas a positive fluid balance was a significant independent predictor of outcome. Future studies may best be targeted at understanding the effect of pursuing different fluid balance regimens rather than monitoring techniques per se.
Role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of interferon-γ-induced macrophage nitric oxide generation: implication of ERK pathway and AP-1 activation
Authors: Blanchette Julie , Pouliot Philippe , Olivier Martin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNO is a potent molecule involved in the cytotoxic events mediated by macrophages (MØ) against microorganisms. We reported previously that inhibition of MØ protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) mediates a protective effect against Leishmania infection, which was NO-dependent. Herein, we show that the PTP inhibitors of the peroxovanadium (pV) class, bpV(phen) and bpV(pic), can similarly increase murine MØ IFN-γ-induced NO generation. Using various second messenger (JAK2, MEK, Erk1/Erk2, and p38) antagonists, we found that the Erk1/Erk2 pathway was the principal pathway submitted to regulation by PTPs in the context of IFN-γ-driven MØ activation and increase in NO production. We observed that bpV(phen) increases inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, resulting in enhanced NO production, whereas the bpV(pic) increase of NO production does not seem to result from a modulation of iNOS expression. Transcription factors STAT-1α and NF-κB, recognized for their importance in NO generation, were not affected by the pV treatment. However, AP-1 was strongly activated by bpV(phen) but not by bpV(pic). Collectively, our results suggest that increased IFN-γ-induced NO production, observed after bpV(phen) treatment, involves the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 by Erk1/Erk2- and stress-activated protein kinase/JNK-dependent transduction mechanisms.
Process capability requirement under maximum material condition
Authors: Diplaris S C , Sfantsikopoulos M M 
Published: December 2006

A frequently used geometrical tolerance is the position tolerance. When it is assigned at the maximum material condition (MMC), an increase in the position tolerance is allowed, equal to the departure of the particular feature from the maximum material condition size. Neither concept - position tolerance and maximum material condition - analytically related with the exact coordinate dimensions that locate the feature. A feature position is usually allocated on the basis of its theoretically exact co-ordinate dimensions, whereas positional accuracy is pursued through an appropriate planning of the machining process in conjunction with appropriate machine tool(s) and/or jig(s). Exploitation of the MMC tolerance bonus is taken into account mainly during part inspection in order to reduce rejects. Such an approach is not systematic, considering that the MMC benefits are not taken directly into account in the process planning stage in order to control the overall process cost. In this paper, the permitted manufacturing errors of a feature size and position are considered and studied simultaneously in an analytical way. It is shown that a lower process capability (PC) requirement can then be established that leads to a significant process cost reduction. An application example demonstrates the use of the method and the obtained results are discussed.