bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEX AND AGE CORRELATED REFERENCE VALUES OF SERUM THYROGLOBULIN MEASURED BY A MODIFIED RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Petersen Per Hyltoft , Date John 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present investigation was to describe variations in serum thyroglobulin in relation to sex and age in a group of normal persons. The method used was a modified double antibody radioimmunoassay characterized by pre-incubation at 37°C of standard or sample with antiserum, resulting in a reduced total incubation time. Both sensitivity and precision were comparable to other published methods.
Of the 152 blood-donors initially investigated, 7 were excluded due to the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies as evidenced by a radioassay. Both sexes were equally represented with an even distribution of ages from 20-65 years.
Increased serum thyroglobulin with increasing age was demonstrated, the correlation being significant in women (Kendall's τ, P < 0.001). Detectable concentrations of serum thyroglobulin (above 1.7 μg/l) were found in 94 %. Based on the logarithmic transformation, the upper reference limits were determined for men ≦ 40 years: 36 μg/l, > 40 years: 44 μg/l (difference between groups not significant, P > 0.05), and for women ≦ 40 years: 30 μg/l, > 40 years: 60 μg/l (significant difference, P < 0.005).
ATP-INDUCED RELEASE OF VASOPRESSIN FROM ISOLATED BOVINE NEUROHYPOPHYSEAL SECRETORY GRANULES. DEPENDENCY ON CHLORIDE AND EFFECTS OF ANALOGUES OF ATP
Authors: Overgaard Karsten , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Thorn Niels A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Secretory granules isolated from bovine neurohypophyses released vasopressin in the presence of a buffered medium containing ATP, Mg2+ and KCl.
Substitution of K+ in the medium with Na+ or choline did not affect the release. Substitution of Cl− with either sucrose, sulphate or acetate strongly reduced the release.
Analogues of ATP, substituted at the β-γ anhydride bond with methylene or imido groups caused a smaller release which was not related to a very small breakdown of analogues that occurred.
It is suggested that at least part of the ATP induced release is due to a physicochemical action.
THE EFFECT OF FENFLURAMINE ON OBESE, MATURITY-ONSET DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Wales John K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 38 obese maturity-onset diabetic patients the effect of fenfluramine therapy on carbohydrate tolerance was compared to placebo therapy in a double blind trial. Fenfluramine therapy did not affect weight loss, or fasting glucose levels but produced a slight but significant improvement in glucose tolerance. This improvement was not correlated with any change in body weight or insulin secretion.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTION PROCEDURES ON TWO DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHT SPECIES OF SERUM NSILA AND ON THE CARRIER PROTEIN OF SMALL MOLECULAR WEIGHT NSILA (NSILA-S)
Authors: Kaufmann U. , Zapf J. , Froesch E. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography on the recovery of two different forms of serum NSILA, large and small mol. wt. NSILA, and on the recovery of the binding protein of the small mol. wt. form was studied and compared with another extraction procedure, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 in 1 m acetic acid.
Partially purified NSILA-S is adsorbed to Dowex-50 at pH 6.8. It can be eluted with 20 mm NH4OH and appears unchanged with regard to its biological activity and molecular weight. Adsorption of 125I-labelled NSILA-S to Dowex-50 does not change its binding characteristics to serum.
When serum is chromatographed on Sephadex G-50 in 1 m acetic acid, NSILA is obtained in a large and in a small molecular weight form (NSILA-S). After recombination of the small molecular weight NSILA fraction with the "stripped" serum fraction, which contains large mol. wt. NSILA and a specific carrier protein for NSILA-S, re-chromatography of this mixture on Sephadex G-50 at neutral pH yields NSILA mostly in the void volume. It adsorbs to Dowex-50. After elution from Dowex, acidic gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 results in an elution pattern which is completely different from that of NSILA-S.
Adsorption of serum to Dowex-50 results in a dramatic decrease of the NSILA-S binding activity.
It is concluded that Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography of serum
inactivates most of the serum NSILA-S binding protein leads to the loss of acid dissociable small mol. wt. NSILA (NSILA-S). Therefore, Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography is not suitable for the subsequent determination or further purification of NSILA-S from whole serum.
DIURNAL FLUCTATION OF PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS IN THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Garris David R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Diurnal changes in the basal levels of plasma cortisol were studied in the female guinea pig. Plasma cortisol levels were determined at 8 bleeding times during the entrained 24 h photoperiod (14 h light/10 h dark: lights on 06.00 h). Plasma cortisol levels remained low during the dark phase of the cycle ranging between 6.4 and 9.0 μg/100 ml. However, at 4 h prior to the onset of the light phase of the photoperiod, a dramatic rise in the plasma cortisol level was measured, which peaked between 04.00 and 08.00 h at 12.3 μg/100 ml. A subsequent decline in plasma cortisol levels was measured throughout the light phase of the cycle, reaching basal levels before the onset of the dark phase. These data indicate that a diurnal fluctation in plasma cortisol occurs in the guinea pig which is very reminiscent of that seen in the human and in contrast with that observed in the rat.
DIFFERENTIAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE BINDING TO PLASMA MEMBRANES OF BOVINE CORPORA LUTEA
Authors: Rao Ch. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma membranes of bovine corpora lutea contain common receptor sites for [125I] human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and [125I] human luteinizing hormone (hLH) to which hLH binds with 4-fold lower affinity than hCG. The presence of additional sites for hLH was indicated by the lack of saturation of [125I]hLH binding as compared to [125I]hCG and lower degree of inhibition of binding by 830 pm of unlabelled hCG, when [125I]-hLH instead of [125I]hCG was used. Differences in [125I]hCG and [125I]-hLH binding were observed by exposing receptors to increasing temperatures and pHs and by pre-treating membranes with dimethyl sulphoxide, Triton X-100, various enzymes and protein reagents. The above differences can only be reconciled by differential responses of common hCG-hLH sites and additional sites for hLH.
RESTORATION OF THE GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSE TO LH-RH AND OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION IN PATIENTS AFTER MOLAR ABORTION
Authors: Miyake A. , Aono T. , Tanizawa O. , Kurachi H. , Kurachi K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relation of the hypothalamic-pituitary effect on gonadotrophin secretion and the concentration of serum hCG after molar abortion was investigated. Gonadotrophin release after a bolus injection of LH-RH or conjugated oestrogens was observed in 17 women until 5 months after molar abortion. Little if any response of gonadotrophin was observed at a hCG level of 100 mIU/ml or more, but the response of LH and FSH to LH-RH were restored to normal when the serum hCG level decreased to below 100 mIU/ml. A normal response of LH to conjugated oestrogens was observed at a serum hCG level of 20 mIU/ml or less. These findings suggest that a high level of hCG interferes with pituitary gonadotrophin secretion, that the threshold hCG levels for normal responses of gonadotrophins to LH-RH and oestrogen are 100 and 20 mIU/ml, respectively, and that secretion of gonadotrophins is restored even in the presence of a low hCG level.
INTERACTION OF DAILY INJECTIONS AND SUBCUTANEOUS RESERVOIRS OF MELATONIN ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE SYRIAN HAMSTERS
Authors: Trakulrungsi C. , Reiter R. J. , Trakulrungsi W. K. , Vaughan M. K. , Waring-Ellis P. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the ability of continuously available melatonin (from sc melatonin-beeswax pellets that were implanted bi-weekly) in overcoming the antigonadotrophic action of single daily melatonin (25 μg) injections given late in the light period to female Syrian hamsters kept in light:dark cycles of 14:10. The melatonin-beeswax pellets contained either 1, 50, 500 μg, 1 or 10 mg melatonin and 25 mg beeswax. Daily melatonin injections into hamsters implanted with beeswax only caused vaginal acyclicity in 60 % of the animals within 6 weeks. After 10 weeks of treatment, uterine weights and pituitary levels of immunoreactive prolactin were still greatly depressed. Beeswax pellets containing either 500 μg, 1 or 10 mg melatonin overcame the inhibitory effects of daily melatonin injections. Thus, the vaginal cycles and pituitary hormone levels of these animals were indistinguishable from those of untreated control animals. Beeswax pellets containing either 1 or 50 μg melatonin were incapable of counteracting the antigonadotrophic effects of daily injections of melatonin. This is the first report that continuously available melatonin can negate the effects of daily injections of melatonin in female hamsters. When measured after 10 weeks, none of the treatment procedures significantly influenced circulating levels of luteinizing hormone or prolactin.
MACROPHAGE-LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTION IN GRAVES' DISEASE AND HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
Authors: Sugenoya Akira , Silverberg Jay , Trokoudes Krinos , Row Vas V. , Volpé Robert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The formation of macrophage-lymphocyte rosettes was studied in lymphocyte cultures from patients with Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, other thyroid diseases and control subjects; the cultures were incubated with normal human thyroid and other non-specific antigens. At the end of incubation, the cell pellets were smeared on slides, stained with Wright's stain and the number of rosettes determined under the microscope. The membrane immunofluorescence technique was employed to identify whether the surrounding lymphocytes were T- or B-lymphocytes. In Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the mean percentages of rosette formation with crude thyroid antigen were 0.98 ± 0.22 % (mean ± sem), and 1.15 ± 0.25 %, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those of control lymphocytes (0.03 ± 0.02 %). Lymphocytes from other thyroid diseases also gave higher values than controls. Kidney antigen, used as a control antigen, gave negative results in Graves' disease and other thyroid diseases, but in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the mean percentage was of borderline significance. In the direct immunofluorescent staining study using fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-human Ig determinants, including the Fab fraction of anti-human IgG, it appeared that both B- and T-lymphocytes were involved in the rosettes, although B-lymphocytes were more numerous. These results indicate that in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a probable immune reaction with thyroid antigen can be demonstrated by macrophage-lymphocyte rosette formation.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE BINDING ACTIVITY IN THE RAT AND THE MOUSE
Authors: Ottenweller John E. , Meier Albert H. , Russo Albert C. , Frenzke Marie E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Corticosterone binding activity (CBA) and corticosteroids were measured by competitive protein binding techniques in plasma samples drawn from rats and mice at different times of day. Circadian rhythms of plasma CBA were found in both rats (onset of 14-h daily photoperiod: 0600) and mice (onset of 14-h daily photoperiod: 0700). The plasma CBA rhythm was bimodal in rats with peaks at 1000 and 1800 and unimodal in mice with peak level from 0100 to 0500. Circadian rhythms of plasma corticosteroid concentration with peaks during the late afternoon were confirmed in both rats and mice. The plasma CBA rhythms appear to be related to the circadian rhythms of both locomotor activity and plasma corticosteroid concentration.
GIGANTISM ASSOCIATED WITH A PITUITARY TUMOUR SECRETING GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN AND CURED BY TRANSSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Favre Laurent , Rogers Lowell M. , Cobb Cully A. , Rabin David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An 18-year old male is reported who presented with a history of a growth spurt over the year preceding his admission. His height was above the 97th percentile, and he had incompletely developed secondary sexual characters. Pituitary evaluation demonstrated a moderately elevated level of growth hormone (hGH) not suppressible by a glucose load and not stimulable by TRH or by l-DOPA. Serum prolactin (PRL) concentration was also increased while gonadotrophin, thyroid and adrenal function were all subnormal. There was clear radiological evidence of a large pituitary tumour with suprasellar extension and transsphenoidal total hypophysectomy was performed. A mixed chromophobe and acidophilic adenoma was found and both growth hormone and prolactin were demonstrable in different cells of the tumour by the immunoperoxidase technique. Post-operatively the patient has hypopituitarism and levels of growth hormone and prolactin have remained low or undetectable after 6 months. Thus early diagnosis and surgical treatment of gigantism of this mixed hGH-PRL secreting pituitary tumour was associated with a cure, which contrasts with the unfavourable outcome of many of the patients previously reported.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA TO NATIVE HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Jeppsson Sten , Larsson Ingvar , Thorell Jan I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Antisera against highly purified native hLH (10 000 IU/mg = 0.5 mg hLH/mg protein) were raised in 4 rabbits. The antisera were invariably of high titre and high avidity. They were purified by affinity chromatography on a column with hCG-Sepharose 4 B. Before and after adsorption the antisera were tested in a double antibody radioimmunoassay.
Before adsorption hCG cross-reacted in all antisera, but in none were the inhibition curves identical. No such cross-reaction remained after the affinity chromatography. These purified antisera made it possible to develop highly specific and sensitive assays for measuring native hLH.
We conclude from studies of the effect of native glycoprotein hormones and their subunits that there are probably differences in the antigenic sites of the complete hLH molecule and in the isolated β-subunit of hLH. The investigation also indicates that even highly purified preparations of hTSH may be contaminated with hLH and that the preparations of hLH-subunits may contain a certain amount of the native hormone.
PLASMA CORTISOL PROFILES IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Yoshida Koichiro , Satowa Hiroshi , Sato Akio , Ichikawa Yoichi , Kream Jacob , Levin Joseph , Zumoff Barnett , Hellman Leon , Fukushima David K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma cortisol profiles were studied by the frequent sampling method in 5 patients with Cushing's disease (CD), 7 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma (AA), and one patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. Plasma ACTH was measured by radioimmunoassay at 10 min intervals in 2 of the subjects. In CD, there was distinct episodic secretion of cortisol and ACTH; the coefficients of variation about the mean plasma cortisol concentration ranged from 24 to 27 %; plasma ACTH ranged from zero to 455 pg/ml with a mean of 94 pg/ml. In AA, the tumour secreted cortisol at a constant rate with little fluctuation; the coefficients of variation of plasma cortisol concentration ranged from 8 to 14%; plasma concentrations of ACTH were always near zero. In the patient with bronchogenic carcinoma, the coefficient of variation of cortisol was 14 %. These results were apparent even in profiles of plasma cortisol concentrations measured over only a 6 h period. It is concluded that characteristics of plasma cortisol and ACTH secretory patterns are helpful in differentiating Cushing's syndrome of differing aetiology.
MEASUREMENT OF CIRCULATING 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D IN MAN. CHANGES IN SERUM CONCENTRATIONS DURING TREATMENT WITH 1α-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL
Authors: Lund Bjarne , Lund Birger , Sorensen Ole H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sensitive assay is described for measurement of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) using rachitic chick intestinal cytosol binding protein. The metabolite was extracted from serum by diethyl ether and chromotographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D was then measured by a competitive protein-binding assay. The binding capacity of the protein was unchanged for 4 months. The inter- and intra-assay variations were both 11 %. The standard curve was useful at serum concentrations ranging from 14 to 395 pmol/l (6 to 165 pg/ml). The normal mean concentration was 79.6 ± 36.8 pmol/l (33.1 ± 15.3 pg/ml). The serum 1,25-(OH)2D was studied in elderly subjects following administration of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OHD3) at different doses. Large variations occurred indicating individual rates of metabolism of 1,25-(OH)2D.
THE EFFECT OF METOCLOPRAMIDE, TRH AND L-DOPA ON PROLACTIN SECRETION IN PITUITARY ADENOMA AND IN "FUNCTIONAL" GALACTORRHOEA SYNDROME
Authors: Jeske W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The degree of autonomy in prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas and also prolactin secretory reserve in cases with suspected functional galactorrhoea syndrome was evaluated with the use of metoclopramide, TRH and L-DOPA.
It was found that in patients with pituitary adenoma the basal prolactin (PRL) level often exceeded 150 μg/l and the response to stimulation with TRH and/or metoclopramide was markedly diminished or even nonexistent, while the response to L-DOPA was usually retained. In patients with galactorrhoea and/or amenorrhoea, with normal skull X-ray the basal PRL level was either normal or moderately raised but the response to stimulation was various; mostly it was excessive, it was sometimes normal, but in some other cases it was markedly diminished as in patients with adenoma.
In the author's opinion the so-called "functional disorder" of prolactin secretion is mainly hyperresponsiveness to stimulation, whereas the basal PRL level in those cases is usually normal or only intermittently raised. In the cases with a moderate hyperprolactinaemia, especially if it appears to be constant, and the response to stimulation is diminished or none at all, we suspect a pituitary microadenoma. Finally, there are rare cases of galactorrhoea with normal basal PRL and normal response to stimulation, in which the sensitivity of the mammary PRL receptor is probably increased.
We suggest therefore that the above mentioned PRL stimulation tests may help in distinguishing between tumoural and functional hyperprolactinaemia.
RECEPTORS FOR GONADOTROPHIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IN BOVINE CORPORA LUTEA OF EARLY, MID AND LATE LUTEAL PHASE
Authors: Rao Ch. V. , Estergreen V. L. , Carman F. R. , Moss G. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A total of 15 corpora lutea representing early (day 3), mid (day 13) and late luteal phase (days 20 and 21–24) were obtained by ovariectomy on cycling cows. The luteal weights and peripheral plasma progesterone levels just prior to ovariectomy, were consistent with the above luteal phases. The specific binding of [125I]human chorionic gonadotrophin to membranes prepared from corpora lutea was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for days 13 and 20 than for days 3 and 21–24. The binding in day 21–24 corpora lutea was higher (P < 0.01) than day 3. Although there was no difference either in number or affinity (apparent dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.04 nm) of gonadotrophin receptors in days 13 and 20 corpora lutea, only in the former did the binding correlate well with plasma progesterone levels. The specific binding of [3H]prostaglandin (PG)F2α to the membranes of these same corpora lutea showed a progressive increase (P < 0.01) from day 3, reached the highest value at a time when corpora lutea were actively regressing (day 20) and then declined (P < 0.01) by day 21–24. Although a considerable number of PGF2α receptors existed at day 13, the affinity of these same receptors was 203 times lower (Kd = 3458 nm) than the affinity of receptors in day 20 corpora lutea (Kd = 17 nm). In summary, the above results show that gonadotrophin receptors correlate with luteotrophic, whereas PGF2α receptors correlate with luteolytic phases in bovine corpora lutea.
THE EFFECTS OF LOW DOSES OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON SOME FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Føgh Marie , Corker Charles S. , Hunter William M. , McLean Helen , Philip John , Schou Geert , Shakkebæk Niels E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One daily dose of either 5 mg or 10 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) was administered to 2 groups of 4 fertile men for 6 months. The medication was preceded by a 3 months placebo period and followed by a recovery phase of 5 to 8 months. During CA-treatment the sperm count/ml decreased and the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa increased slightly (0.001 < P < 0.05). Sperm penetration assessed by the Kremer test did not show any decrease during treatment. Serum levels of testosterone and FSH decreased, but those of LH remained unchanged during treatment. Two pregnancies occurred after 1¾ and 5½ months of CA-treatment. The serum-CA concentration in these 2 volonteers did not differ from that of the remainder.
Three subjects who began the study were withdrawn because of depressive mood changes (2) and weakness combined with dizziness (1). Data from these subjects were not included.
The results indicate that daily doses of 5 mg and 10 mg of cyproterone acetate are not effective as a male contraceptive.
TESTOSTERONE DECREASE AND OESTROGEN INCREASE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH OBESITY
Authors: Kley H. K. , Solbach H. G. , McKinnan J. C. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of sex hormones and their binding in the plasma were measured in male patients (20–40 years old), who weighed 140–170 % (I), 170–200 % (II) and > 200 % (III) of their ideal weight. Correlated to body weight, there is a reduction in the total concentration of testosterone, which, in the very obese patients, amounts to 41 % (in group I: 85 % in group II: 68 % P < 0.001) of that found in an age-matched healthy control group of subjects of "normal" body weight (90–115 % of the ideal body weight; n: 20). Androstenedione values show only a trend downwards (from 0.94 to 0.72 ng/ml plasma), while the oestrogen values increase significantly; oestrone increases by a factor of 1.09 (I), 1.43 (II; P < 0.001) and 1.69 (III; P < 0.001) and oestradiol by 1.13, 1.43 P < 0.001) and 1.76 (P < 0.001), respectively. Despite the fall in testosterone there are no clinical signs of hypogonadism, as SHBG (from 5.1 ± 0.8 in the controls to 2.4 ± 0.6 ×10−8 Mol/l in the very obese patients of group III) and the protein-bound fraction of testosterone also decrease. As a result the concentration of free testosterone remains constant (120 pg/ml), except in the very obese (93 pg/ml). Because of the different affinity of the binding proteins for testosterone and oestradiol the ratio of free oestradiol: free testosterone shifts less strongly in favour of the feminizing hormone (11.1 × 10−3 in group III as compared to 4.1 × 10−3 in the controls), than is suggested by the total hormone concentrations. A disturbance in the gonadal function of the pituitary gland or the testes is not present, since the concentration of LH is normal and the testicular response to HCG in very obese patients adequate (increase of testosterone by a factor of 3.11 as compared to 2.23 in the controls). The cause of the decrease in testosterone and SHBG is unknown, while the increase of plasma oestrogens is likely to be due to the increased conversion of androgens to oestrogens in the adipose tissue, which clearly plays an important role for plasma concentrations of sex hormones in obese patients.