bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural evidence of sperm dimorphism in Deladenus sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Sphaerularioidea: Allantonematidae)
Authors: Yushin Vladimir V. , Kosaka Hajime , Kusunoki Manabu 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The dimorphic spermatozoa of the insect-parasitic nematode Deladenus sp.
(Tylenchomorpha: Sphaerularioidea: Allantonematidae) were studied for the
first time with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The immature
spermatozoa from the testis of mycetophagous males are 10-12 μm diam. and
4-5 μm long unpolarised cells with a centrally located nucleus without a
nuclear envelope. The cytoplasm contains mitochondria and specific
components, membranous organelles (MO) and fibrous bodies (FB). The MO are
spherical vesicles with an internal system of finger-like invaginations of
the membrane; the spindle-shaped FB consist of tightly packed parallel
fibres. Spermatozoa from the uteri of infective females of Deladenus sp. are
vastly different in size being tiny cells ca 2 μm diam. with a spherical or
oval nucleus. Each cell contains several mitochondria and MO. Although each
individual of Deladenus sp. contains only monomorphic spermatozoa, sperm
dimorphism was revealed after analysis of the whole life cycle. Despite a
difference in size the cytological characters of both types of spermatozoa
conform to the typical rhabditid pattern. The presence of both MO and FB in
sphaerularioidid spermatozoa differentiates the superfamily Sphaerularioidea
from Tylenchoidea whose representatives lack MO in the spermatogenic
cells.
Nematodes from vernal pools in the Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve, California I. Hirschmanniella santarosae sp. n. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a cryptic sibling species of H. pomponiensis Abdel-Rahman & Maggenti, 1987
Authors: Tandingan De Ley Irma , Mundo-Ocampo Manuel , Yoder Melissa , De Ley Paul 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Hirschmanniella santarosae sp. n. is described from the largest vernal pool
in the Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve, Murrieta, California, USA. The
cryptic new species is morphologically very close to H. pomponiensis and H.
gracilis as it can be distinguished from the former only by a more anterior
excretory pore position and by more flattened as well as laterally expanded
stylet knobs, whilst it differs from the latter in the greater distance from
phasmid to tail tip and in the bursal alae ending near the phasmids rather
than near the tail tip. Analysis of the rDNA small subunit (SSU) and D2D3
expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) shows that H. santarosae sp.
n. is genetically distinct, having respective sequence homology of 98.89%
and 95.9% with H. pomponiensis for these loci. Congruence in SSU and D2D3
gene trees as well as unambiguous character autapomorphies further support
the new species status of H. santarosae sp. n. and sibling relationship with
H. pomponiensis. Although many more isolates and species will need to be
studied before informative biogeographic analyses can be performed, the
presently available sequence data suggest that some Hirschmanniella lineages
have diversified independently on either side of the Atlantic.
Preliminary rulings of the European Court of Justice and their precursors
Authors: Winkel Laurens 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe possible precursors of the preliminary rulings according to § 234 of the Treaty of the European Union are examined with emphasis on the practice in the Imperial Chancery of the Roman Empire, on Einleitung § 47 of the Prussian Allgemeines Landrecht and on the French référé législatif.
The role of the judge in civil litigation in the 19th century: Case-management avant la lettre in Geneva, The Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: van Rhee C.H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present article discusses the powers of the judge in civil litigation in three jurisdictions that have been influenced by the French Code of Civil Procedure (1806). It shows that in the 19th century these jurisdictions adopted French law but at the same time tried to reduce party autonomy by increasing the judge's directive powers. This approach was most successful in Geneva. In The Netherlands, changes in the judge's position were less pronounced, whereas a 19th century Belgian draft code, which contained a number of measures that would have increased the judge's case-management powers, was not adopted in practice.
Aggressive Surgical Treatment and Early Return to Sports in Athletes with Grade III Syndesmosis Sprains
Authors: Taylor Dean C. , Tenuta Joachim J. , Uhorchak John M. , Arciero Robert A. 
Published: July 2007

Background Grade III syndesmosis sprains are usually treated with internal fixation. Limited information is available on early weightbearing and early return to activity after operative treatment for grade III syndesmosis sprains. Hypothesis Treatment of grade III syndesmosis sprains in intercollegiate athletes with internal fixation, early range of motion, and early weightbearing can lead to rapid return to sport with minimal complications and no ankle problems in midterm follow-up. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods We evaluated a consecutive series of intercollegiate athletes treated operatively with 4.5-mm cortical screw fixation for grade III syndesmosis sprains. At 1 week after surgery, patients were allowed to begin range of motion exercises, progressive weightbearing, and gradually return to full activity as tolerated. Outcome measures included time to return to full activity and, at final follow-up, the Sports Ankle Rating System scores. Results Six male intercollegiate college athletes met the inclusion criteria for this study. The average time for return to full activity was 41 days (range, 32-48 days). There were no intraoperative complications or complications when resuming in-season sport activities with the screw in place. One screw broke during removal. At an average follow-up of 34.3 months, using the Sports Ankle Rating System, the average clinical rating score was 96.2, the average quality-of-life measure was 96.7, and the average single assessment numeric evaluation was 95.3. Radiographs at final follow-up showed no mortise widening or lateral talar subluxation. Two patients had mild degenerative changes on lateral radiographs with anterior tibial osteophytes. Conclusions In selective cases, athletes can return to full activity as early as 6 weeks after internal fixation of grade III syndesmosis sprains.
How we diagnose and treat thrombotic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome: a case-based review
Authors: Garcia David A. , Khamashta Munther A. , Crowther Mark A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies including anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulants, and anti–β2 glycoprotein-1–specific antibodies may identify patients at elevated risk of first or recurrent venous or arterial thromboembolism. Traditionally, published case series supplemented by anecdotal experience have formed the basis of management of patients with these autoantibodies. Over the past several years, studies have described the management of patients with key clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid antibodies, including patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. As a result, evidence-based treatment recommendations are possible for selected patients with, or at risk of, thrombosis in the setting of antiphospholipid antibodies. Unfortunately, most patients encountered in clinical practice do not correspond directly with those enrolled in clinical trials. For such patients, treatment recommendations are based on experience, extrapolation, and less rigorous evidence. This article proposes 5 cases typical of those found in clinical practice and provides recommendations for therapy focused on a series of clinical questions. Whenever possible, the recommendations are based on evidence; however, in many cases, insufficient evidence exists, so the recommendation is experiential.
Aberrant mast-cell differentiation in mice lacking the stem-cell leukemia gene
Authors: Salmon Jessica M. , Slater Nicholas J. , Hall Mark A. , McCormack Matthew P. , Nutt Stephen L. , Jane Stephen M. , Curtis David J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in erythroid, megakaryocyte, and mast-cell lineages. SCL is essential for growth of megakaryocyte and erythroid progenitors. We have used a conditional knockout of SCL (SCL−/Δ) to examine its function in mast cells, critical effectors of the immune system. SCL−/Δ mice had markedly increased numbers of mast-cell progenitors (MCPs) within the peritoneal fluid, bone marrow, and spleen. Fractionation of bone marrow myeloid progenitors demonstrated that these MCPs were present in the megakaryocyte-erythroid–restricted cell fraction. In contrast, unilineage MCPs from control mice were present in the cell fraction with granulocyte-macrophage potential. The aberrant mast-cell differentiation of SCL−/Δ megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors was associated with increased expression of GATA-2. Despite increased numbers of MCPs in SCL−/Δ mice, numbers of mature tissue mast cells were not increased unless SCL−/Δ mice were treated with IL-3 and stem-cell factor. In part, this may be due to a requirement for SCL in normal mast-cell maturation: SCL−/Δ mast cells had reduced expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor and mast cell proteases, MCP-5 and MCP-6. Together, these studies suggest that loss of SCL leads to aberrant mast-cell differentiation of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors.
Apaf-1 and caspase-9 deficiency prevents apoptosis in a Bax-controlled pathway and promotes clonogenic survival during paclitaxel treatment
Authors: Janssen Katja , Pohlmann Stephan , Jänicke Reiner U. , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Fischer Ute 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Taxane derivatives such as paclitaxel elicit their antitumor effects at least in part by induction of apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we used different cellular models with deficiencies in key regulators of apoptosis to elucidate the mechanism of paclitaxel-induced cell death. Apoptosis by paclitaxel was reported to depend on the activation of the initiator caspase-10; however, we clearly demonstrate that paclitaxel kills murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of caspase-10 as well as human tumor cell lines deficient in caspase-10, caspase-8, or Fas-associating protein with death domain. In contrast, the lack of Apaf-1 or caspase-9, key regulators of the mitochondrial pathway, not only entirely protected against paclitaxel-induced apoptosis but could even confer clonogenic survival, depending on the cell type and drug concentration. Thus, paclitaxel triggers apoptosis not through caspase-10, but via caspase-9 activation at the apoptosome. This conclusion is supported by the fact that Bcl-2–overexpressing cells and Bax/Bak doubly-deficient MEFs were entirely resistant to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, also the single knockout of Bim or Bax, but not that of Bak or Bid, conferred partial resistance, suggesting a particular role of these mediators in the cell-death pathway activated by paclitaxel.
Anti–β2-microglobulin monoclonal antibodies induce apoptosis in myeloma cells by recruiting MHC class I to and excluding growth and survival cytokine receptors from lipid rafts
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Xiang , Wang Ji , Qian Jianfei , Zhang Liang , Wang Michael , Kwak Larry W. , Yi Qing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe recently showed that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against β2-microglobulin (β2M) have a remarkably strong apoptotic effect on myeloma cells. The mAbs induced apoptosis by recruiting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to lipid rafts, activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Growth and survival cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which could protect myeloma cells from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, did not affect mAb-mediated cell death. This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying anti-β2M mAb–induced PI3K/Akt and ERK inhibition and the inability of IL-6 and IGF-I to protect myeloma cells from mAb-induced apoptosis. We focused on lipid rafts and confirmed that these membrane microdomains are required for IL-6 and IGF-I signaling. By recruiting MHC class I into lipid rafts, anti-β2M mAbs excluded IL-6 and IGF-I receptors and their substrates from the rafts. The mAbs not only redistributed the receptors in cell membrane, but also abrogated IL-6– or IGF-I–mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3), PI3K/Akt, and Ras/Raf/ERK pathway signaling, which are otherwise constitutively activated in myeloma cells. Thus, this study further defines the tumoricidal mechanism of the mAbs and provides strong evidence to support the potential of these mAbs as therapeutic agents for myeloma.
Induction of FOXP3 expression in naive human CD4+FOXP3− T cells by T-cell receptor stimulation is transforming growth factor-β–dependent but does not confer a regulatory phenotype
Authors: Tran Dat Q. , Ramsey Heather , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThymic-derived natural T-regulatory cells (nTregs) are important for the induction of self-tolerance and the control of autoimmunity. Murine CD4+CD25−Foxp3− cells can be induced to express Foxp3 after T-cell receptor (TCR) activation in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and are phenotypically similar to nTregs. Some studies have suggested that TCR stimulation of human CD4+CD25− cells results in the induction of transient expression of FOXP3, but that the induced cells lack a regulatory phenotype. We demonstrate here that TCR stimulation alone was insufficient to induce FOXP3 expression in the absence of TGFβ, whereas high levels of FOXP3 expression could be induced in the presence of TGFβ. Although FOXP3 expression was stable, the TGFβ-induced FOXP3+ T cells were neither anergic nor suppressive and produced high levels of effector cytokines. These results suggest that even high levels of FOXP3 expression are insufficient to define a human CD4+ T cell as a T-regulatory cell.
Urocortin, a CRF-like peptide, restores key indicators of damage in the substantia nigra in a neuroinflammatory model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Abuirmeileh Amjad , Harkavyi Alexander , Lever Rebecca , Biggs Christopher S , Whitton Peter S 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
We have recently observed that the corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRF) related peptide urocortin (UCN) reverses key features of nigrostriatal damage in the hemiparkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat. Here we have studied whether similar effects are also evident in the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) neuroinflammatory paradigm of Parkinson's disease (PD). To do this we have measured restoration of normal motor behaviour, retention of nigral dopamine (DA) and also tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. Fourteen days following intranigral injections of LPS and UCN, rats showed only modest circling after DA receptor stimulation with apomorphine, in contrast to those given LPS and vehicle where circling was pronounced. In separate experiments, rats received UCN seven days following LPS, and here apomorphine challenge caused near identical circling intensity to those that received LPS and UCN concomitantly. In a similar and consistent manner with the preservation of motor function, UCN 'protected' the nigra from both DA depletion and loss of TH activity, indicating preservation of DA cells. The effects of UCN were antagonised by the non-selective CRF receptor antagonist α-helical CRF and were not replicated by the selective CRF2 ligand UCN III. This suggests that UCN is acting via CRF1 receptors, which have been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the periphery. Our data therefore indicate that UCN is capable of maintaining adequate nigrostriatal function in vivo, via CRF1 receptors following a neuro-inflammatory challenge. This has potential therapeutic implications in PD.
Dopamine and iron mediated fragmentation of galactocerebroside and cardiolipin in micelles
Authors: Yurkova Irina , Kisel Mikhail , Arnhold Juergen , Shadyro Oleg 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) have been used to study dopamine and iron mediated free-radical transformation of lipids in their hydrophilic parts. It has been shown that the action of the dopamine/Fe2+ system on galactocerebroside or cardiolipin, which are the components of mixed micelles, results in formation of ceramide or phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylhydroxyacetone, respectively. These data, when combined with results obtained using the ascorbate/Fe2+/H2O2 oxidizing system with the same substrates, demonstrate that the formation of these products proceeds via an OH-radical induced fragmentation taking place in polar moiety of the starting lipids.
Ionic liquid-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous material: efficient heterogeneous catalyst in versatile organic reactions
Authors: Xu Li-Wen , Yang Ming-Song , Jiang Jian-Xiong , Qiu Hua-Yu , Lai Guo-Qiao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIonic liquid-functionalized mesoporous materials exhibited high catalytic activity in versatile organic reactions, such as cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxide, aza-Michael addition of amines to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and the Biginelli reaction of aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea. Recycling of the catalyst in these reactions could be carried out and the catalyst used at least five times without significant loss in activity.
Luminescent properties of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ particles as a potential bluish green phosphor for ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Chen Donghua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn our study, the 1% mol Eu2+ doped Li2CaSiO4: B3+ phosphors were prepared by the combustion method as fluorescent material for ultraviolet, light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) used as a light source. The properties of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ phosphors with urea concentration, doping boric acid and a series of initiating combustion temperature were investigated. The crystallization and particle sizes of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ has been investigated by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Luminescence measurements showed that the phosphors can be efficiently excited by UV to the visible region, and exhibited bluish green light with a peak of 480 nm. The results showed that the boric acid was effective in improving the luminescence intensity of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ and the optimum molar ratio of boric acid to calcium nitrate was about 0.06. The optimized phosphors Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B0.063+ showed 180% improved emission intensity compared with that of the Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4 phosphors under ultraviolet (λex =287 nm) excitation.
New dynamic scaling in increasing systems
Authors: Pastor Juan , Galeano Javier 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report a new dynamic scaling ansatz for systems whose system size is increasing with time. We apply this new hypothesis in the Eden model in two geometries. In strip geometry, we impose the system to increase with a power law, L ∼ h a. In increasing linear clusters, if a < 1/z, where z is the dynamic exponent, the correlation length reaches the whole system, and we find two regimes: the first, where the interface fluctuations initially grow with an exponent β = 0.3, and the second, where a crossover comes out and fluctuations evolve as h aα. If a = 1/z, there is not a crossover and fluctuations keep on growing in a unique regimen with the same exponent β. In particular, in circular geometry, a = 1, we find this kind of regime and in consequence, a unique regime holds.
Tris(4‐cyanophenyl)amine: Simple Synthesis via Self‐assembly; Strong Fluorescence in Solution, Nano/microcrystals, and Solid
Authors: Patra A. , Anthony S. P. , Radhakrishnan T. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe threefold symmetric molecule, tris(4‐cyanophenyl)amine (TCPA) is synthesized from 4‐fluorocyanobenzene by treatment with potassium carbonate in dimethylsulfoxide; the occurrence of the reaction without any amine reagent suggests the involvement of a novel self‐assembly process. A reprecipitation strategy provides stable colloids containing highly monodisperse nano/microcrystals with well‐defined cubic morphology and sizes tunable from 250 to 500 nm. The solution, colloid, and solid states of TCPA exhibit strong blue fluorescence; the colloid shows dual emission with an unusually small Stokes shift. Computational investigations are carried out on the molecule and supramolecular assemblies derived from the crystal structure. Coupled with detailed spectroscopic studies, they show that the emission in the colloidal and solid states can be attributed to energy levels resulting from the intermolecular interactions within different aggregation motifs in the condensed phase and energy cascades between them. The computations also reveal the presence of cooperative interactions in the molecular crystal contributing to its high thermal stability. The strong light emission exhibited by TCPA, concurrently in the solution, nano/microcrystal, and solid states establishes it as a novel molecular material of potential practical utility; it has led to the exploration of the underlying mechanism that describes the phenomena observed in the different physical states.
Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions using starch‐graft‐acrylic acid copolymers
Authors: Güçlü Gamze , Keleş Sibel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGraft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto starch was carried out with ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. The grafting percentages (GP%) of starch‐graft‐AA (St‐gr‐AA) copolymers were determined. When the AA molar concentrations were 0.3 and 0.5 mol/L, GP% of St‐gr‐AA copolymers were 10.5% (St‐gr‐AA‐1) and 14% (St‐gr‐AA‐2), respectively. St‐gr‐AA copolymers have been used for the adsorption of basic dye (Safranine T) from aqueous solutions. Effects of various parameters such as treatment time, initial pH of the solution (pH = 2–6), initial dye concentration (50– 500 mg/L), and GP% of starch graft copolymers were investigated.Basic dye removal capacities of the copolymers increase along with the augment of initial concentration of the adsorbate, GP% of the copolymers, and pH. The adsorption capacities for St‐gr‐AA‐1 and St‐gr‐AA‐2 reach 116.5 and 204 mg/g, respectively. Equilibrium adsorption data were obtained and fitted very well to Freundlich model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Aluminium‐filled low‐density polyethylene—structural, morphological, and mechanical properties
Authors: Dasture M. D. , Kelkar D. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was filled with aluminium (Al) powder having concentrations of 1, 4, and 6% w/w. The samples in the form of disc containing the above concentration of Al powder were obtained using hot press molder. The structural properties have been investigated using density measurement and WAXD techniques. The morphology of pure LDPE and Al‐filled LDPE samples has been studied from scanning electron micrographs. The modulus of elasticity of the samples has been determined using Instron tensile tester. Results indicate that the crystallinity of LDPE component increases with the concentration of aluminium filler. Morphological changes also have been observed. The Young's modulus (Y) generally increases and becomes maximum for 4% Al‐filled LDPE sample. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007