bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the stability of alternating‐direction explicit methods for advection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Campbell L.J. , Yin B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlternating‐Direction Explicit (A.D.E.) finite‐difference methods make use of two approximations that are implemented for computations proceeding in alternating directions, e.g., from left to right and from right to left, with each approximation being explicit in its respective direction of computation. Stable A.D.E. schemes for solving the linear parabolic partial differential equations that model heat diffusion are well‐known, as are stable A.D.E. schemes for solving the first‐order equations of fluid advection. Several of these are combined here to derive A.D.E. schemes for solving time‐dependent advection‐diffusion equations, and their stability characteristics are discussed. In each case, it is found that it is the advection term that limits the stability of the scheme. The most stable of the combinations presented comprises an unconditionally stable approximation for computations carried out in the direction of advection of the system, from left to right in this case, and a conditionally stable approximation for computations proceeding in the opposite direction. To illustrate the application of the methods and verify the stability conditions, they are applied to some quasi‐linear one‐dimensional advection‐diffusion problems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Methylation patterns of IGFBP7 in colon cancer cell lines are associated with levels of gene expression
Authors: Lin J , Lai M , Huang Q , Ma Y , Cui J , Ruan W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAltered expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been found in colon cancer, but the exact regulatory mechanism has not been fully investigated. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying aberrant IGFBP7 expression in colon cancer, we used bisulphite sequencing PCR (BSP) to detect the detailed methylation profiles of the IGFBP7 5′ CpG island. Exon 1 of the IGFBP7 gene was highly methylated in IGFBP7‐negative cell lines but unmethylated in IGFBP7‐positive lines. The methylation status of the promoter region and the intron 1 region was not so discriminating in IGFBP7‐positive and ‐negative cell lines. Methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) confirmed the hypermethylation of IGFBP7 exon 1 in IGFBP7‐negative cell lines. Treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) induced demethylation of the CpG island in exon 1 of IGFBP7, as examined by both MSP and bisulphate genomic sequencing. Furthermore, the expression of IGFBP7 was restored, as detected by both RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry. Our study is the first to provide detailed methylation profiles of the IGFBP7 5′ CpG island and shows that hypermethylation of the CpG island in exon 1 of IGFBP7 is closely related to the absence of its expression in colon cancer cells. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synaptic membrane D2‐protein in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects
Authors: Jørgensen Ole Steen , Nørgaard‐Pedersen Bent 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe D2‐protein is a neuronal membrane protein which has an immunochemically detectable soluble derivative in cerebrospinal fluid. We used rocket‐on‐line immunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum against rat synaptosomal membranes for demonstration of the human D2‐protein in fetal cerebrospinal fluid and in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects. D2 was neither found in normal amniotic fluids nor in cases of amniotic fluids from pregnancies with other malformations. Analysis of D2 in amniotic fluids may thus have a future role in the antenatal diagnosis of fetal neural tube defects.
Sampling pure fetal blood in twin pregnancies by fetoscopy using a single uterine puncture
Authors: Rodeck Charles H. , Wass Deborah 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA technique for sampling pure fetal blood in twin pregnancies using a single uterine entry with a fetoscope is described. The fetoscope was inserted into one sac and after blood had been obtained from that, twin, the fetus in the other sac was sampled by trans‐septal passage of the blood‐sampling needle. This was done in six out of seven patients, the first in the series having two separate insertions of the fetoscope, one into each sac. Pure fetal blood was taken from all 14 fetuses, either from the placental insertion of the umbilical cord or the umbilicus, and the volume of the samples ranged from 200 μl to 1200 μl. In six patients the fetuses were at risk of β‐thalassaemia and in one of haemophilia A. Some observations are made relating zygosity to the ultrasonic and fetoscopic appearance of the septum between the sacs.
Normal fetal cardiac anatomy–a basis for the echocardiographic detection of abnormalities
Authors: Allan Lindsey D. , Tynan J Michael , Campbell Stuart , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReal‐time examination of the fetal heart in 350 pregnancies has allowed a composite picture of normal fetal cardiac anatomy to be established and echocardiographic interpretation has been confirmed by anatomical studies. Two echocardiographic sections are readily obtainable and are suggested as applicable to routine scanning but the specialist nature of interpreting abnormalities is stressed. Six abnormalities have been suspected during the study and five confirmed anatomically or at cardiac catheterization. In view of the low incidence of congenital heart disease in a normal obstetric population, high risk groups should perhaps be selected for cardiac scanning at the present time. These include mothers of previously affected babies, diabetic mothers and certain abnormalities of pregnancy. Fetal ascites is particularly important, being present in three of the four proven cases of cardiac abnormality.
Selective feticide of the affected twin by fetoscopic air embolism
Authors: Rodeck C. H. , Mibashan R. S. , Abramowicz J. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree twin pregnancies, each with one affected fetus (by microcephaly, haemophilia A and spina bifida respectively) were encountered. Selective feticide was performed at the patient's request by injection of filtered air into an umbilical vessel by fetoscopy. The method was successful in all three pregnancies two of which resulted in a live, healthy baby.
Prenatal diagnosis of 49,XXXYY
Authors: Benn Peter A. , Sugarman Mitchell , Greco M. Alba , Harris Gloria , Deguire George B. , Hsu Lillian Y. F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe first prenatally diagnosed case of 49,XXXYY is reported. The pathological findings of the fetus included bilateral clinodactyly, decreased carrying angles (OO), and hypertelorism, slightly low set ears and mildly prominent forehead. A minimum of two independent non‐ disjunctional events are postulated for this polysomy to arise.
Prenatal exclusion of Hurler's disease by leucocyte α‐L‐iduronidase assay
Authors: Rodeck C. H. , Tansley Linda R. , Benson P. F. , Fensom A. H. , Ellis Marie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHurler's disease was excluded in a fetus at 23 weeks' gestation by demonstrating normal iduronidase activity in fetal leucocytes following failure of amniotic cell culture after amnic‐centesis at 16 and 19 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed in the neonate.
Amniotic fluid fibrinolytic system in fetal neural tube defects
Authors: Legge Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSecond trimester amniotic fluid fibrinolytic system was examined in normal pregnancies and those complicated by anencephaly, spina bifida and fetal chromosome abnormalities. No significant difference was demonstrated between the fibrinolytic systems from normal pregnancies and those complicated by fetal chromosome abnormalities. In pregnancies complicated with anencephaly and spina bifida no significant difference was demonstrated for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin and urokinase. Plasminogen was significantly lower (p < 0.02) and plasmin significantly higher (p < 0.001) than levels from normal amniotic fluid. Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, fibrinogen, FDP‐D and FDP‐E were detected only in pregnancies complicated with anencephaly and spina bifida.
Can infantile hereditary agranulocytosis be diagnosed prenatally?
Authors: Cividalli Gabriel , Yarkoni Shaul , Dar Hanna , Kohn Gertrude 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFetoscopy and fetal blood sampling were performed in an attempt at prenatal monitoring of a pregnancy at risk for infantile hereditary agranulocytosis (Kostmann's disease). In smears of fetal blood three segmented neutrophils were found out of 200 nucleated cells (1 2/ per cent). Their presence, although in a lower percentage than in six age‐matched controls, was considered to indicate that the fetus was not affected. The newborn infant has developed normally and at the age of four months has a normal number of segmented neutrophils in his peripheral blood. Feasibility of prenatal diagnosis of infantile hereditary agranulocytosis is discussed.
Amniotic fluid calcium concentration in the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dann Leighton G. , Baker Susan , Grinham Christine , Blau Karl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCalcium concentrations were measured in supernatant amniotic fluid in order to establish whether they may be used as a marker for cystic fibrosis. No difference in values were found, whether the sample was derived from a normal pregnancy or from a pregnancy which resulted in a baby affected with cystic fibrosis.
Paternal age and Down's syndrome diagnosed prenatally: No association in French data
Authors: Roth M‐P. , Stoll C. , Taillemite J. L. , Girard S. , Boué A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn investigation of a paternal age effect independent of maternal age was undertaken for 118 trisomy 21 cases diagnosed prenatally in 6656 amniocenteses.The mean of the difference delta in paternal age of Down's syndrome cases compared to those with normal genotypes after controlling for maternal age was + 0.46 with a 95 per cent confidence interval of −0.84 to +1.76. This revealed no evidence for a paternal age effect.Multiple applications of the Mantel‐Haenszel test revealed no statistically significant evidence for a paternal age effect independent of maternal age.These results are in agreement with those of Hook and Cross (1982b) but not with claims of Stene et al. (1981), of a strong paternal age effect detected in studies on prenatal diagnosis.The hypothesis suggested by Hook and Cross (1982a) that there is a rather weak paternal age effect independent of maternal age in most if not all populations cannot be excluded.If temporal or geographic factors account for the differences in studies on paternal age effect, extrapolation to other time periods or populations cannot be done.
Is maternal alpha‐fetoprotein screening still of value in a low‐risk area for neural tube defects?
Authors: Hooker J. G. , Lucas M. , Richards B. A. , Shirley I. M. , Thompson B. D. , Ward R. H. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEstimation of maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was used as a screening method for the detection of neural tube defects (NTDs) in 6344 women over three years. Of 88 (1.4 per cent) who had one or more serum AFP levels equal to, or greater than, 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the relevant gestational age, 43 (0.68 per cent) underwent amniocentesis. There were eight NTDs. Four of these were screened by serum AFP, and all cases of spina bifida had serum AFP levels greater than 3.0 MoM, including one small open defect which was not seen on ultrasound. The other four cases of NTD, which were not screened, were identified by ultrasound. Of 64 singleton pregnancies 32 (50 per cent) had serum AFP levels between 2.5 and 3.0 MoM, and low birthweight (⪕2500 g) occurred in 29 per cent. Because of improvements in ultrasound techniques and the apparent falling incidence of NTD, the role of serum AFP as the primary screening procedure should be regularly reviewed. Effective screening is dependent on mothers booking early.
Prenatal diagnosis of fragile X in a heterozygous female fetus and postnatal follow‐up
Authors: Wilson Miriam G. , Marchese Cristiana A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn apparently normal female infant was born after the prenatal diagnosis of fragile Xq27×28 present in about 4 per cent of amniocytes. The mildly retarded mother had been found in early pregnancy to be heterozygous for fragile X. The child, now 9 months old. showed about the same level of fragile X expression as her mother. Variations in the proportion of cells with fragile X appeared to be related to cell type and laboratory techniques. The infant's growth and development have been normal. Different techniques to induce or increase the expression of fragile X are discussed.
Transabdominal fine needle biopsy from chorionic villi in the first trimester
Authors: Smidt‐Jensen Steen , Hahnemann Niels 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA technique for sampling first trimester chorionic villi for prenatal diagnosis by transabdominal fine needle biopsy is described. Specimens of chorionic villi were obtained from 49 out of 58 women, a success rate of 84.5 per cent.No fetal or maternal complications were demonstrated in the period before abortion.The procedure is useful for obtaining fetal tissue for culturing, DNA analysis and direct chromosome analysis.
Selective survival of only the healthy fetus following prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemia major in binovular twin gestation
Authors: Antsaklis Aris , Politis John , Karagiannopoulos Costas , Kaskarelis Dionysios , Karababa Photini , Panourgias John , Boussiou Marina , Loukopoulos Dimitris 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSelective feticide is the procedure of choice when, in twin binovular pregnancy, only one of the fetuses is shown to be affected. As the probabilities for this condition are almost 1:2 when the genetic disease is due to homozygosity for two autosomal recessive genes, the problem is expected to occur frequently among the ever increasing number of couples seeking prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemia and the haemoglobinopathies. The present report is the first case of this condition and the ninth in the overall medical literature.
Immunoreactive trypsin level in fetoscopically‐obtained cord sera of second trimester fetuses
Authors: Ryley H. C. , Rodeck C. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmunoreactive trypsin (IRT) has been assayed in cord blood collection by fetoscopy from fetuses with estimated gestational ages of between 16–24 weeks. Eighty per cent of the specimens contained more than 5 ng/ml of IRT indicating pancreatic synthesis of trypsin by mid‐term. A prenatal test for cystic fibrosis based on IRT estimation might be valid if the onset of pancreatic dysfunction associated with the disease also occurs at midtrimester.
Amniotic band syndrome causing fetal head deformity
Authors: Hughes R. M. , Benzie R. J. , Thompson C. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmniotic band syndrome is a rare cause of fetal head deformity. We report a case in which antenatal ultrasound in the first half of pregnancy indicated the presence of a fetal cranial deformity, reported as either anencephaly or encephalocele. At assessment autopsy, disruption of the fetal skull was associated with amniotic band formation. Appropriate genetic counselling can be offered to such patients only when detailed pathological examination of the aborted fetus is made. The recurrence rate of amniotic band syndrome does not warrant amniocentesis in a subsequent pregnancy.
Prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dysplasia by ultrasonography
Authors: Winter R. , Rosenkranz W. , Hofmann H. , Zierler H. , Becker H. , Borkenstein M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractConsanguineous partners had a boy with campomelic dysplasia who died of increasing respiratory distress soon after birth. The next pregnancy was monitored frequently by ultrasonography and a healthy male infant was born at term. During a further pregnancy, ultrasonography suggested campomelic dysplasia in the 16th week of gestation. This was confirmed in the 18th week. The pregnancy was terminated and the fetus showed the typical radiological, anatomical and histological findings.
Prenatal diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
Authors: Robinson B. H. , Toone J. R. , Benedict R. Petrova , Dimmick J. E. , Oei J. , Applegartht D. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) deficiency was performed in a family at risk for the acute neonatal form of this disease which manifests secondary citrullinemia. The diagnosis of an affected child was confirmed by enzyme assay and 3H‐biotin labelling of proteins in cultured fetal skin fibroblasts. Sufficient amniocytes were cultured in 3–4 weeks for enzyme analysis in two centres. Citrulline concentration in amniotic fluid (AF) was normal in the affected fetus.
Microphthalmia–prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Feldman E. , Shalev E. , Weiner E. , Cohen H. , Zuckerman H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrenatal real‐time ultrasonographic diagnosis of microphthalmia is presented. Diagnosis was made at 18 weeks' gestation in a fetus of a patient with a previous infant affected with the syndrome of cryptophthalmia with absence of septum nasi and ambiguous genitalia (Fraser syndrome). Recognition of microphthalmia as a part of Fraser syndrome and the easy visualization of fetal facial bones and orbits in the second trimester made the diagnosis possible.
Activities of alkaline phosphatase in first trimester chorion biopsy tissue
Authors: Maxwell Darryl J. , Blau Karl , Johnson Robert D. , Lilford Richard J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have determined the activity of alkaline phosphatase in chorionic villous tissue obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy, in order to obtain the normal range of values as a prerequisite for application to the prenatal diagnosis of the rare bone disease hypophosphatasia. The activities found were a combination of intestinal and liver/bone/kidney types; traces of placental type were present in only one sample.
Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis by ultrasonography
Authors: Nielsen Lise Bjerglund , Bang Jens , Nørgaard‐Pedersen Bent 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs the use of ultrasonography has become a routine procedure in the care of pregnant women, fetal congenital malformations have been frequently diagnosed prenatally. During a 4‐year period abdominal wall defects (AWD) were diagnosed in 14 cases, five were gastroschises and nine were omphaloceles, seven females and seven males. Concomitant malformations were present in one case of gastroschisis and in five cases of omphalocele. Eleven AWD's were diagnosed in the second trimester and six pregnancies were interrupted. Eight children with AWD were born; two boys with omphalocele and one girl and one boy with gastroschisis are still alive. Alpha‐fetoprotein was determined in amniotic fluid in 11 cases and also in maternal serum prior to the amniocentesis in eight cases. Chromosomal investigations were performed in 13 cases, 11 on amniotic fluid cells and two on lymphocytes from a blood sample made postnatally. Two abnormal karyotypes, 47,XX + 18 were found.
Prenatal obstruction of the ileum diagnosed by ultrasound
Authors: Kjøller Morten , Holm‐Nielsen Gertrud , Meiland Hanne , Mauritzen Knud , Berget Arne , Hancke Søren 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case of low atresia of the ileum, diagnosed prenatally by real‐time ultrasound scanning, is presented. The ultrasound examination showed progressive distension of intestinal loops, with strong peristaltic movements. The stomach was also distended, presenting as a large cystic area in the upper left abdomen.Real‐time ultrasound technique is most advantageous in the diagnosis of fetal ileus. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal obstruction is of great importance, making early and safe treatment of the newborn possible.
Prenatal measurement of the fetal cerebellum and cisterna cerebellomedullaris by ultrasound
Authors: Smith Phillip A. , Johansson Dawn , Tzannatos Christina , Campbell Stuart 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe fetal cerebellum can be visualized with ultrasound throughout the second trimester. We describe a technique for measuring the transverse and anteroposterior cerebellar diameters and the measurement of the cisterna magna in the same plane between 14 and 32 weeks gestation. Nomograms for these measurements against gestational age showed good correlation, and narrow confidence limits for the transverse cerebellar diameter.The transverse cerebellar diameter was also measured directly in 79 fetuses after mid‐trimester abortion and the measurements obtained were compared with the ultrasound TCD nomogram. Good correlation, was obtained between the post mortem measurements and the ultrasound TCD nomogram.Routine use of these measurements and nomograms should prove valuable in the diagnosis of congenital abnormality of the posterior fossa and may also be of use in assessing the effect of severe intrauterine growth retardation and other insults on cerebellar growth and development. The narrow confidence limits obtained with the TCD nomogram should enable it to be used with confidence in clinical practice.
Physicians' acceptability of termination of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis in southern france
Authors: Julian C. , Huard P. , Gouvernet J. , Mattéi J. F. , Aymé S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe acceptability of prenatal diagnosis for Down's syndrome has been extensively studied over the last 15 years but that of other pathologies remains largely unexplored. The main goals of this study were to approach physicians' opinions on six reasons for termination of pregnancy showing different deficiencies, i.e., Down's, Turner and Klinefelter syndromes, cystic fibrosis, spina bifida, and haemophilia, and to identify the origins of reserves. The influence of sociodemographic and professional characteristics of physicians on their opinions and attitudes during the consultation were studied. The data presented are based on information gathered in 1985 by a mailed questionnaire answered by 853 general practitioners, gynaecologists, obstetricians, and pediatricians in the Marseilles Genetic Centre's region. Stepwise logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis. The results showed that 78 per cent of those answering favour termination of pregnancy for Down's syndrome and that only moral reticences were mentioned by the physicians opposed. Conversely, for haemophilia, only 21 per cent of the physicians considered this indication justified; those opposed were for the most part concerned that severity of illness did not justify termination of pregnancy. Overall, 33 per cent of physicians would voice their personal opinion on termination of pregnancy if so requested by consultees. Results on the influence of age and specialty evidenced their role on physicians' opinions. Indeed, 30 per cent of physicians opposed to pregnancy termination for one of the six fetal anomalies retained herein would modify their positions if diagnosis were possible in the first trimester of pregnancy.