bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of firocoxib, meloxicam, and tepoxalin on prostanoid and leukotriene production by duodenal mucosa and other tissues of osteoarthritic dogs
Authors: Punke John P. , Speas Abbie L. , Reynolds Lisa R. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the in vivo effects of firocoxib, meloxicam, and tepoxalin on prostaglandin (PG) and leukotriene production in duodenal mucosa and other target tissues in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis (OA).
Animals—8 dogs with chronic, unilateral OA of the stifle joint.
Procedures—In a crossover design, each dog received placebo (no treatment), firocoxib, meloxicam, or tepoxalin for 7 days, followed by a 21-day washout period. On the first day of treatment (day 0; baseline) and days 2, 4, and 7, samples of whole blood, synovial fluid, and gastric and duodenal mucosae were collected. Prostaglandin E2 concentrations were measured in synovial fluid of the stifle joint and after ex vivo stimulation of whole blood samples. Synthesis of PGE1 and PGE2 was measured in samples of gastric and duodenal mucosae. Concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were measured in whole blood samples. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) concentrations were measured in samples of whole blood (ex vivo stimulation) and gastric and duodenal mucosae.
Results—Firocoxib, meloxicam, and tepoxalin significantly suppressed whole blood concentrations of PGE2, compared with baseline and placebo concentrations, at days 2, 4, and 7. Tepoxalin significantly suppressed serum TxB2 concentrations, compared with baseline, firocoxib, meloxicam, and placebo, at all 3 time points. Production of PGE1 and PGE2 was significantly lower in duodenal versus gastric mucosa. Tepoxalin significantly decreased rates of PGE1 and PGE2 in duodenal and gastric mucosae, compared with baseline rates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PG production was lower in the duodenum than in the stomach. Firocoxib had a COX-1–sparing effect in vivo.
Evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs
Authors: Reimschuessel Renate , Gieseker Charles M. , Miller Ron A. , Ward Jeffrey , Boehmer Jamie , Rummel Nathan , Heller David N. , Nochetto Cristina , de Alwis G. K. Hemakanthi , Bataller Neal , Andersen Wendy C. , Turnipseed Sherri B. , Karbiwnyk Christine M. , Satzger R. Duane , Crowe John B. , Wilber Nancy R. , Reinhard Mary K. , Roberts John F. , Witkowski Mark R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether renal crystals can be experimentally induced in animals fed melamine or the related triazine compound cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, and to compare experimentally induced crystals with those from a cat with triazine-related renal failure.
Animals—75 fish (21 tilapia, 24 rainbow trout, 15 channel catfish, and 15 Atlantic salmon), 4 pigs, and 1 cat that was euthanatized because of renal failure.
Procedures—Fish and pigs were fed a target dosage of melamine (400 mg/kg), cyanuric acid (400 mg/kg), or melamine and cyanuric acid (400 mg of each compound/kg) daily for 3 days and were euthanatized 1, 3, 6, 10, or 14 days after administration ceased. Fresh, frozen, and formalin-fixed kidneys were examined for crystals. Edible tissues were collected for residue analysis. Crystals were examined for composition via Raman spectroscopy and hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results—All animals fed the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid developed goldbrown renal crystals arranged in radial spheres (spherulites), similar to those detected in the cat. Spectral analyses of crystals from the cat, pigs, and fish were consistent with melamine-cyanurate complex crystals. Melamine and cyanuric acid residues were identified in edible tissues of fish.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although melamine and cyanuric acid appeared to have low toxicity when administered separately, they induced extensive renal crystal formation when administered together. The subsequent renal failure may be similar to acute uric acid nephropathy in humans, in which crystal spherulites obstruct renal tubules.
Effects of a commercially available vaccine against Salmonella enterica serotype Newport on milk production, somatic cell count, and shedding of Salmonella organisms in female dairy cattle with no clinical signs of salmonellosis
Authors: Hermesch Dennis R. , Thomson Daniel U. , Loneragan Guy H. , Renter David R. , White Brad J. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of vaccination with siderophore receptor and porin (SRP) proteins derived from Salmonella enterica serotype Newport on milk production, somatic cell count, and shedding of Salmonella organisms in female dairy cattle.
Animals—180 female Holsteins.
Procedures—Cattle were randomly assigned to receive Salmonella Newport SRP vaccine or control solution. Vaccine or control solution was injected 45 to 60 days before parturition, and cattle received a second dose 14 to 21 days before parturition. Milk production was monitored for the first 90 days of lactation. Feces for isolation of Salmonella and blood samples for detection of antibodies against Salmonella Newport were collected at day of first injection and at days 7 to 14 and 28 to 35 of lactation.
Results—Cattle inoculated with Salmonella Newport vaccine produced significantly more milk (1.14 kg/d), compared with cattle injected with the control solution. Cattle administered the vaccine had significantly higher concentrations of circulating antibody against Salmonella Newport SRP proteins at 7 to 14 days and 28 to 35 days of lactation. Salmonella Newport was not recovered; however, Salmonella enterica serotype Agona was recovered from 31 (20.3%) cattle, but likelihood of recovery did not differ significantly between vaccinates and control cattle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of a vaccine against Salmonella Newport SRP proteins to healthy dairy cattle prior to parturition increased milk production, even in cattle without detectable shedding of Salmonella Newport or clinical signs of salmonellosis. Additional research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which productivity was improved.
Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid
Authors: Cianciolo Rachel E. , Bischoff Karyn , Ebel Joseph G. , Van Winkle Thomas J. , Goldstein Richard E. , Serfilippi Laurie M. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To document clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid.
Design—Case series.
Animals—70 cats from a single cattery inadvertently fed contaminated food that was the subject of a March 2007 recall.
Procedures—Clinical signs, clinicopathologic and histopathologic findings, and results of toxicologic analyses were recorded
Results—Clinical signs were identified in 43 cats and included inappetence, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and lethargy. Azotemia was documented in 38 of the 68 cats for which serum biochemical analyses were performed 7 to 11 days after consumption of the contaminated food. One cat died, and 13 were euthanized. Histologic examination of kidney specimens from 13 cats revealed intratubular crystalluria, tubular necrosis with regeneration, and subcapsular perivascular inflammation characterized by perivascular fibroplasia or fibrosis and inflammation with intravascular fibrin thrombi. Toxicologic analyses revealed melamine and cyanuric acid in samples of cat food, vomitus, urine, and kidneys.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cats unintentionally fed pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid, the most consistent clinical and pathologic abnormalities were associated with the urinary tract, specifically tubular necrosis and crystalluria.
Outcome of laryngeal web resection with mucosal apposition for treatment of airway obstruction in dogs: 15 cases (1992–2006)
Authors: Mehl Margo L. , Kyles Andrew E. , Pypendop Bruno H. , Filipowicz Dean E. , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate long-term clinical outcome in dogs with upper airway obstruction treated with laryngeal web resection and mucosal apposition.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—15 client-owned dogs with laryngeal web formation.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with laryngeal webs treated with a single procedure of web resection with mucosal apposition by use of a ventral laryngotomy were reviewed. Signalment, history, clinical signs, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, and hospitalization time were recorded. Owners were interviewed 6 months to 6 years after surgery.
Results—Most dogs had a history of oral ventriculocordectomy. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 3 months to 3 years. The most common clinical sign reported was exercise intolerance. Postoperative complications were observed in 4 dogs. Follow-up information was available in 10 dogs, and clinical outcome was classified as excellent in 7 and good in 3.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A single surgical procedure of web resection with mucosal apposition for the treatment of laryngeal web formation in dogs resulted in low morbidity and was associated with a good to excellent outcome.
Multiple myeloma with central nervous system involvement in a cat
Authors: Appel Sherry L. , Moens Noël M. M. , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Woods J. Paul , Nykamp Stephanie , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Case Description—A 1.5-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was admitted for hind limb locomotor difficulties and signs of pain along the lumbar portion of the vertebral column. At the time of referral, the cat was paraparetic with deficits in the spinal reflexes of the hind limbs. Neuroanatomic localization was at the L6-S2 spinal cord segments, corresponding approximately to the region of the L4-L6 vertebral bodies.
Clinical Findings—Radiography revealed a mixed osteolytic-proliferative lesion within the body of L5 involving the cranial end plate, as well as punctate radiolucencies in the distal portion of the femur. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramedullary spinal cord lesion along with extensive meningeal and nerve root lesions in the area of the L4-L6 vertebral bodies. Cytologic analysis of a bone marrow aspirate from the right trochanteric fossa revealed a substantial plasma cell infiltrate. Analysis of CSF revealed a high protein concentration and morphologically abnormal plasma cells. Urine, but not serum, protein electrophoresis revealed a sharp γ-globulin peak consistent with a monoclonal band of Bence-Jones proteins. The diagnosis was multiple myeloma.
Treatment and Outcome—The cat was treated with melphalan and prednisolone. A rapid clinical response was reported, and by week 3 after diagnosis, the cat's locomotion and behavior had normalized. However, by month 4, multifocal neurologic deficits were evident. The cat was euthanized at 9 months because of tetraparesis and substantial weight loss.
Clinical Relevance—To our knowledge, this is the first report of myeloma in a cat that had electrophoretically detectable light chain proteinuria but lacked a detectable serum monoclonal gammopathy.
Massive midline occipitotemporal resection of the skull for treatment of multilobular osteochondrosarcoma in two dogs
Authors: Gallegos Javier , Schwarz Tobias , McAnulty Jonathan F. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Case Description—Two 6-year-old male dogs were evaluated for removal of midline occipito-temporal multilobular osteochondrosarcomas.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed mild ataxia in 1 dog and large masses of the central occipitotemporal portion of the skull in both dogs. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or both revealed large bone-origin occipitotemporal masses with impingement of the brain and the sagittal and transverse venous sinuses. Three-dimensional contrast magnetic resonance image reconstruction delineated collateral venous circulation around the tumor and venous sinus occlusion in 1 dog.
Treatment and Outcome—Tumors in both dogs were surgically removed and the skull defects repaired with polymethyl methacrylate prostheses. Twenty-four hours after surgery, 1 dog had normal mentation, cranial nerve function, and conscious proprioceptive responses, whereas the other dog had depressed mentation but no neurologic deficits. Both dogs were discharged 4 days after surgery with normal mentation and no neurologic deficits.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that MRI and computed tomography can play a key role in assessment of essential cortical collateral circulation when surgical removal of tumors is likely to result in bilateral disruption of transverse venous sinuses. Without robust collateral circulation and proper preoperative planning, removal of massive skull tumors in the midline occipitotemporal region will likely result in substantial morbidity or death. However, results in the 2 dogs reported here indicate the feasibility of removing such tumors with good outcomes in the presence of well-developed collateral venous drainage.
Characteristics of biosecurity and infection control programs at veterinary teaching hospitals
Authors: Benedict Katharine M. , Morley Paul S. , Metre David C. Van 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To characterize biosecurity and infection control practices at veterinary teaching hospitals located at institutions accredited by the AVMA.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Population—50 biosecurity experts at 38 veterinary teaching hospitals.
Procedures—Telephone interviews were conducted between July 2006 and July 2007, and questions were asked regarding policies for hygiene, surveillance, patient contact, education, and awareness. Respondents were also asked their opinion regarding the rigor of their programs.
Results—31 of 38 (82%) hospitals reported outbreaks of nosocomial infection during the 5 years prior to the interview, 17 (45%) reported > 1 outbreak, 22 (58%) had restricted patient admissions to aid mitigation, and 12 (32%) had completely closed sections of the facility to control disease spread. Nineteen (50%) hospitals reported that zoonotic infections had occurred during the 2 years prior to the interview. Only 16 (42%) hospitals required personnel to complete a biosecurity training program, but 20 of the 50 (40%) respondents indicated that they believed their hospitals ranked among the top 10% in regard to rigor of infection control efforts.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that differences existed among infection control programs at these institutions. Perceptions of experts regarding program rigor appeared to be skewed, possibly because of a lack of published data characterizing programs at other institutions. Results may provide a stimulus for hospital administrators to better optimize biosecurity and infection control programs at their hospitals and thereby optimize patient care.
Taxol Production by Fusarium Arthrosporioides Isolated from Yew, Taxus Cuspidata
Authors: Li Chang-Tian , Li Yu , Wang Qi-Jun , Sung Chang-Keun 
Published: September 2008

Taxol Production by Fusarium Arthrosporioides Isolated from Yew, Taxus CuspidataA taxol-producing endophyte wasFusarium arthrosporioides.As a novel taxol resource, a taxol-producing endophyte was successfully isolated from the yew tree,Taxus cuspidataSieb. et Zucc. According to the morphological characterization and the ITS4-ITS5 sequences, the isolated endophytic fungus was identified asFusarium arthrosporioides.Fermentation conditions for taxol production were optimized with the isolated strain (F-40) ofF. arthrosporioides.The fungal taxol was analytically confirmed by TLC, RP-HPLC, LC-MS and NMR.F. arthrosporioidesisolated from yew was found to produce taxol with a maximum yield of 131 μg/L. Precise methods were established for detecting the fungal taxol and its derivatives.
Oxidative Stress - Clinical Diagnostic Significance
Authors: Đukić Mirjana , Ninković Milica , Jovanović Marina 
Published: September 2008

Oxidative Stress - Clinical Diagnostic SignificanceElevated free radical production and/or insufficient antioxidative defense results in cellular oxidant stress responses. Sustained and/or intense oxidative insults can overcome cell defenses resulting in accumulated damage to macromolecules, leading to loss of cell function, membrane damage, and ultimately to cell death. Oxidative stress (OS) can result from conditions including excessive physical stress, exposure to environmental pollution and xenobiotics, and smoking. Oxidative stress, as a pathophysiological mechanism, has been linked to numerous pathologies, poisonings, and the ageing process. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, endogenously or exogenously produced, can readily attack all classes of macromolecules (proteins, DNA, unsaturated fatty acid). The disrupted oxidative-reductive milieu proceeds via lipid peroxidation, altered antioxidative enzyme activities and depletion of non-enzymatic endogenous antioxidants, several of which can de detected in the pre-symptomatic phase of many diseases. Therefore, they could represent markers of altered metabolic and physiological homeostasis. Accordingly, from the point of view of routine clinical-diagnostic practice, it would be valuable to routinely analyze OS status parameters to earlier recognize potential disease states and provide the basis for preventative advance treatment with appropriate medicines.
Book Reviews
Authors: Krause-Jensen Jakob , Scandrett Eurig , Welch Penny , Mills David 
Published: September 2008

K. Holbrook, A. Kim, B. Palmer, and A. Portnoy (eds) Global Values 101: A Short Course with Howard Zinn,Amy Goodman, Naomi Klein, Robert Reich, Juliet Schor, Katha Pollitt, Paul Farmer, Lani Guinier and othersReview by Jakob Krause-JensenJanet MacDonald Blended Learning and Online TutoringReview by Eurig ScandrettAmie MacDonald and Susan Sa´nchez-Casal (eds) Twenty-First Century Feminist Classrooms: Pedagogies of Identity and DifferenceReview by Penny WelchMonica McLean Pedagogy and the University: Critical Theory and PracticeReview by David Mills
From the Editors
Authors: Welch Penny , Wright Susan 
Published: September 2008

We are delighted to introduce the first volume of Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences. As founding and now-former editors of Learning and Teaching in the Social Sciences (LATISS), our new journal reflects a strong continuity in the editorial aims that inspired ourfirst journal. We remain committed to using social science perspectives to analyse learning and teaching in higher education. In particular we invite contributors and readers to reflect critically on how students’ and academics’ practices are shaped by, or themselves influence, wider changes in university strategies and national and international policies for higher education. Viewing changes in course design and curriculum, in students’ writing, in group work, seminars or tutorials as taking place within a network (or lattice) of institutional, political and policy contexts is the focusof this journal.
Qualifications frameworks for the European Higher Education Area: a new instrumentalism or 'Much Ado about Nothing'?
Authors: Karseth Berit 
Published: September 2008

The purpose of this article is to explore the development of qualifications frameworks as a key element in the Bologna Process, which aims to develop a European Higher Education Area by 2010. By setting up descriptors of learning outcomes, a European qualifications framework is intended as an instrument that enables Europe to coordinate and exchange qualifications. Furthermore, the article analyses the proposal of a national qualifications framework in Norway and institutional responses to it. Despite general support for the idea of a framework, the analysis shows that the institutions question the possibility of a qualifications framework that fits all types of educational programmes.With reference to curriculum theory the article concludes that the idea of a qualifications framework based on measurable learning outcomes represents a turn towards an instrumental curriculum approach in higher education, in contrast to a traditional curriculum approach which foregrounds disciplinary content and its mastery. Drawing on institutional theory the article also questions the possible impact of qualifications frameworks in higher education.
Klimaschutz, das Kyoto-Protokoll und der Schweizer Wald | Climate protection, the Kyoto Protocol and Swiss forests
Authors: Fischlin Andreas 
Published: September 2008

To globally protect the climate effectively it is necessary to include forests as a key element of the global carbon cycle for two reasons: Firstly, deforestation has contributed roughly one third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions since the onset of industrialisation and continues to significantly exacerbate climate change, in particular in the South. Secondly, land ecosystems together with oceans have sequestered about 60% of those emissions during that same period. Thus forests contribute substantially to slow down climate change.
The Kyoto Protocol is a system of market-based incentives. It was introduced as a first contribution towards solving the climate change problem. It needs a national interpretation and implementation. In this article I explain the key elements of this system of incentives for the forestry and wood sector and discuss its potentials, opportunities, implementational barriers, and risks for Switzerland. It is concluded that the challenge of forests serving as sinks is to be welcomed and that a new “CO2-Agency of the Forest and Wood Sector” – in analogy to the Energy Agency of the Industry – is to be instituted. Its main role is to help in bundling the various interests for the internationally responsible Federation.
Die Kohlenstoff-Senkenkapazität des Schweizer Waldes | Carbon sink capacity of Swiss forests
Authors: Wolf Annett 
Published: September 2008

To assess the carbon sink capacity of Swiss forests, we summarize what is known about the carbon content of Swiss forests today, considering carbon stored in the trees as well as in soils. We explain briefly how climate influences carbon uptake and carbon emissions from forest ecosystems. Finally, we analyze simulation studies, which investigate the future development of carbon pools and fluxes in Swiss forests.
We found that carbon stocks in Swiss forests are already high today, hence the growth potential that would lead to further carbon uptake is comparatively small. Still, within the next decades Swiss forests are likely to act as carbon sinks as long as management does not change dramatically. The afforestation of abandoned land and the change in treeline will be mainly responsible for the additional uptake of carbon. In the next decades, management decisions will influence the sink strength of Swiss forests more than climatic changes. In the long term, the sink capacity of forests is likely to decrease and in case of drastic climatic or management changes, the forests can even become large-scale carbon sources.
Bifurcations on Potential Energy Surfaces of Organic Reactions
Authors: Ess Daniel H. , Wheeler Steven E. , Iafe Robert G. , Xu Lai , Çelebi‐Ölçüm Nihan , Houk Kendall N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA single transition state may lead to multiple intermediates or products if there is a post‐transition‐state reaction pathway bifurcation. These bifurcations arise when there are sequential transition states with no intervening energy minimum. For such systems, the shape of the potential energy surface and dynamic effects, rather than transition‐state energetics, control selectivity. This Minireview covers recent investigations of organic reactions exhibiting reaction pathway bifurcations. Such phenomena are surprisingly general and affect experimental observables such as kinetic isotope effects and product distributions.