bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of β-tricalcium phosphate in surgically subchondral bone defects in male horses
Authors: Rose P. L. , Auer J. A. , Hulse D. , Hightower D. , Schenk R. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
β-Tricalcium phosphate (tcp) was evaluated as a synthetic bone grafting material in horses. Sixteen horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 4 horses. In each horse, an 11-mm by 10-mm circular defect with a smooth margin was created surgically in the weight-bearing surface of both third metacarpal bones (McIII) and the left third metatarsal bone. The defect in the left McIII was filled with tcp, the defect in the right McIII was filled with a mixture of 50% autogenous cancellous bone (acb) and 50% tcp, and the defect in the left third metatarsal bone was not filled to serve as a control.
Nuclear imaging and radiographic evaluation of surgical sites were performed at postsurgical week (psw) 4 and 13 in group-I horses and at psw 26, 39, and 52 in groups-II, -III, and -IV horses, respectively. Horses in groups I, II, III, and IV were euthanatized at psw 13, 26, 39, and 52, respectively, and specimens were harvested for histologic evaluation. Results were compared among treatment methods, as well as among time intervals.
The greatest activity at defect sites was seen in group-I horses at psw 4. Activity counts in limbs of group-I horses at psw 13 and counts in limbs of group-II horses at psw 26 were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different. Activity counts in groups-III and -IV horses at psw 39 and 52, respectively, were less than those in groups I and II. However, there was no significant difference in activity counts between limbs implanted with tcp or acb:tcp.
The radiographic appearance of defects in treated limbs and in control limbs was similar within each group. Defects increased in radiodensity and were poorly visualized, if at all, in group-IV horses at psw 52. Osseous changes compatible with degenerative joint disease were present in 10 of 32 (31%) tcp- and acb:tcp-implanted limbs.
Morphometric evaluation was performed to evaluate the percentage of bone and tcp in the deepest third of the initial defect. When results were compared among treatment methods, control defects contained a greater percentage of bone than did tcp- or acb:tcp-implanted defects in groups I, II, and IV, respectively, at psw 13, 26, and 52. At no time did the tcp- and acb:tcp-implanted defects have differences in the percentage of bone. However, evaluation of results among time intervals revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in all variables. In general, the percentage of bone increased and the percentage of tcp decreased in defects of each sequential group of horses.
Both tcp and acb:tcp were gradually resorbed and replaced by bone. Therefore, tcp was effective as a synthetic bone-grafting material in the horse. However, no advantage was gained by the use of tcp, because controls healed as well as did defects implanted with tcp or acb:tcp. β-Tricalcium phosphate use cannot be advocated in bone defects occurring adjacent to the joint surface of the horse.
Inheritance of diabetes mellitus in Keeshond dogs
Authors: Kramer John W. , Klaassen James K. , Baskin Denis G. , Prieur David J. , Rantanen Norman W. , Robinette Jack D. , Graber Wanda R. , Rashti Linda 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The genetic aspects of inherited, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of Keeshond dogs were studied retrospectively and in a prospective mating program. The symbol dm was used to designate the gene that causes hypoplasia of the islets of Langerhans. The retrospective study disclosed 4 diabetic dogs; prospective outcross, backcross, and inbred matings disclosed 49 diabetic dogs.
Outcrossing demonstrated that the diabetic phenotype was displayed readily against a genetic background of a breed other than the Keeshond. In dogs with the dm/dm genotype, onset of diabetes was most frequent before the dog was 6 months old, but did occur in some older dogs. The dm genotype was best described as autosomal recessive.
Cardiovascular effects of hydralazine HCl administration in horses
Authors: Bertone Joseph J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six standing awake adult horses were instrumented for measurement of mean arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (mm of Hg), thermodilution cardiac output (ml/kg/min), and pulmonary arterial blood temperature (C). Total peripheral resistance was calculated from these values. Base-line data were accumulated, and a single dose of hydralazine HCl (0.5 mg/kg) was administered iv. Horses were monitored for 420 minutes after hydralazine administration. Mean arterial and central venous blood pressures did not change from the base-line values. Cardiac output and heart rate were increased above base-line values for 260 minutes. Total peripheral resistance was decreased for 240 minutes. Pulmonary arterial blood temperature was decreased for 60 minutes after drug administration. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure relative to the base-line mean was intermittently decreased during the study. Intravenously administered hydralazine HCl appears to be an effective vasodilator, with moderate duration of action in horses.
Transposon mutagenesis in Bordetella avium
Authors: Leyh Randy D. , Griffith Ronald W. , Arp Lawrence H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Transpooson mutagenesis was used to introduce specific mutations in the chromosome of Bordetella avium. The transposon Tn5 was transferred by conjugation to B avium from Escherichia coli strain SM10 by the suicide plasmid vector pSUP1011. A defined minimal medium for growth of B avium was developed for scoring transposon-containing mutants for specific nutritional requirements. Approximately 1% of all mutants tested were auxotrophic in some form, and these organisms were grouped into 13 classes. Also, 2 classes of hemagglutination-negative mutants were isolated. Stability of Tn5 insertion was examined, and frequencies of reversion < 10−7 were observed, indicating stable mutations.
Adherence of Bordetella avium to tracheal mucosa of turkeys: Correlation with hemagglutination
Authors: Arp Lawrence H. , Leyh Randy D. , Griffith Ronald W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adherence to turkey tracheal mucosa and agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes were determined for 20 strains of Bordetella avium. Ten type-I strains, 7 type-II strains, 2 transposon-induced mutants, and 1 revertant were evaluated. All type-I strains adhered readily to tracheal mucosa and agglutinated erythrocytes, whereas no type-II strains adhered to trachea or caused hemagglutination (ha). Two mutants selected for loss of ha activity were less adherent to tracheal mucosa, compared with the parent strain. Reversion of one mutant to ha-positive status was accompanied by reconstitution of much of its adherence capacity. Results of this study provide preliminary evidence that tracheal adherence and ha of B avium are closely related.
Procoagulant activity in respiratory tract secretions from horses with chronic pulmonary disease
Authors: Grünig G. , Hermann M. , Winder C. , Von Fellenberg R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cell-free supernatants (sol phases), obtained after centrifugation (50,000 × g for 45 minutes) of respiratory tract secretions from horses with chrome pulmonary disease, were assayed for procoagulant activity (pca) in a one-stage clotting assay. Of the 103 specimens tested, 59% (61) contained pca. Procoagulant activity was detected most often in respiratory tract secretions of severely affected horses and was correlated with the quantity of neutrophils in the respiratory tract secretions. In 12 of the 17 secretions tested, the clotting time was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, in the coagulation assay, some reversal of pca or inhibition of coagulation was observed in 4 secretion specimens when greater volumes of sol phase were added. Procoagulant activity was characterized tentatively as tissue factor, because it was temperature stable and was inhibited by phospholipase C and by concanavalin A. Clotting was induced in factor VIII-deficient human plasma; however, with the exception of 1 respiratory secretion specimen, clotting was not enhanced in factor VII-deficient human plasma.
Procoagulant activity is a useful indicator of airway inflammation.
Characterization of bovine herpesviruses isolated from six sheep and four goats by restriction endonuclease analysis and radioimmunoprecipitation
Authors: Whetstone Cecelia A. , Evermann James F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Viral dna from 10 herpesviruses isolated from 6 sheep and 4 goats were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis with respect to their relatedness to one another; to bovine herpesvirus type 6 (bhv-6), also known as caprine herpesvirus; and to 2 strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis virus (ipvv). Viral proteins from the isolates were examined by radioimmunoprecipitation with anti-bhv-1/ibrv gnotobiotic calf (bovine) serum, anti-bhv-1/ibrv bovine hyperimmune serum, and anti-bhv-6 rabbit serum to evaluate their antigenic relatedness to each other. The goat isolates were obtained from animals with various disease conditions including respiratoiy tract disorders, vulvovagnitis, and wart-like lesions on the eyelid. The other isolates were from domestic sheep and came from aborted fetuses or from sheep with fatal pneumonia or proliferative lesions around lips and nose. All of the goats and 4 of the sheep from which the viral isolates were obtained had comingled with cattle.
Purified dna from each of the 10 field isolates and from bhv-1/ibrv, bhv-1/ipvv, and bhv-6 caprine herpesvirus was cleaved with restriction endonuclease Pst I. Five of 6 sheep isolates and 3 of 4 goat isolates yielded unique restriction patterns, ie, patterns that differed from each other by one or more bands. Sheep isolate dna patterns were different from goat isolate patterns, and all restriction endonuclease analysis patterns were similar to the pattern for bhv-1/ibrv, but different from that for bhv-1/ipvv or for bhv-6. Restriction patterns from 3 sheep and 2 goat isolates were indistinguishable from patterns previously reported for 3 modified-live ibrv vaccines.
35S-Labeled viral proteins from all of the goat isolates were immunoprecipitated by the anti-bhv-1/ibrv sera. Two of the isolates reacted slightly with the anti-bhv-6 serum. Three of the sheep isolates were immunoprecipitated only by anti-bhv-1/ibrv sera; however, the 3 remaining sheep isolates were immunoprecipitated not only by anti-bhv-1/ibrv sera, but also by the anti-bhv-6 serum, thus appearing to be antigenically related to bhv-6 caprine herpesvirus.
Effects of vaccination of calves against induced Haemophilus somnus pneumonia
Authors: Groom S. C. , Little P. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy of a killed whole-cell Haemophilus somnus bacterin against induced H somnus pneumonia was examined in 10-week-old male calves. Twenty calves were assigned to 1 of the 3 following groups: group 1, nonvaccinated controls (n = 4); group 2, vaccinated once (n = 8); and group 3, vaccinated twice 14 days apart (n = 8). The serum antibody response to vaccination and challenge exposure was evaluated by the bacterial agglutination test and solid-phase immunoassay (spia).
Vaccinating calves twice, 14 days apart, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the severity of clinical signs of pneumonia and gross lesions. Deaths occurred in 1 of 4 nonvaccinated controls, 1 calf vaccinated once, and none of the calves vaccinated twice, 14 days apart. Postvaccination bacterial agglutination titers measured 14 days after the final vaccination were not significantly different between groups 2 and 3, but spia titers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in groups 2 and 3, compared with those in group 1. The less severe clinical signs of pneumonia observed in group-3 calves, compared with those in calves in groups 1 and 2, were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated to higher spia titers, indicating the protective value of vaccinating twice.
Comparative nephropathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus in bursectomized and nonbursectomized chickens
Authors: Chandra Manik 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to compare the responses of bursectomized (Bx) and nonbursectomized (non-Bx) specific-pathogen-free male chickens to Australian T strain of infectious bronchitis virus. Four chickens from each group were killed at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after conjunctival inoculation of the virus. Clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions were more severe in Bx than in non-Bx chickens. The non-Bx chickens had linear IgG deposits along the renal tubules. Virus-neutralizing titers were log10 2.74 to 4.33 for non-Bx chickens and less than log10 1.25 for the inoculated Bx and for broth-inoculated Bx and non-Bx chickens (controls). Early in the disease, renal lesions were of the same type in all infected chickens, but, were more severe in Bx chickens. Later, nephritis was chronic and active in Bx chickens and was chronic in non-Bx chickens.
Effect of transportation stress on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in female horses
Authors: Traub-Dargatz J. L. , McKinnon A. O. , Bruyninckx W. J. , Thrall M. A. , Jones R. L. , Blancquaert A-M. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four bronchoalveolar lavages were performed sequentially on 9 control and 8 transport-stressed female horses. Alterations in results of fluid cytologic analyses, microbial content, and phagocyte function of recovered pulmonary macrophages in all horses were determined. Seemingly, absolute and relative increase in the number of inflammatory cells detected in the second bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of control horses was the result of irritation of the first lavage. This increased response was not observed in transport-stressed horses until 5 days after transport (third lavage; 10 days after initial lavage). Seemingly, delayed inflammatory response was the result of the transport stress. Microbial content and macrophage function were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).
Effects of flunixin meglumine on jejunal blood flow, motility, and oxygen consumption in ponies
Authors: Stick J. A. , Arden W. A. , Chou C. C. , Parks A. H. , Wagner M. A. , Johnston C. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using isolated autoperfused intestinal segments, the effects of flunixin meglumine administration on systemic arterial blood pressure, jejunal blood flow, vascular resistance, motility, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and oxygen consumption were determined in 10 anesthetized ponies ventilated with a mixture of halothane and oxygen. Saline solution or flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight) was infused as a single bolus into the left jugular vein. By 10 minutes, flunixin meglumine increased systemic arterial blood pressure and increased intestinal vascular resistance. The jejunal blood flow,, however, was not significantly decreased until 1 hour after flunixin meglumine administration. Intestinal motility, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and oxygen consumption were unchanged. Results indicated that acute administration of flunixin meglumine increases systemic arterial pressure and intestinal vascular resistance, but the resulting intestinal vasoconstriction does not lead to compromise of intestinal viability.
Effects of intracisternal bead devices on lacteal secretion components, plaque formation, and bacterial infection during the nonlactating period
Authors: Nickerson Stephen C. , Thompson William J. , Oliver Stephen P. , Akers R. Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of placing intracisternal bead devices (icb) into teat cisterns of 6 dairy cows, from the end of lactation through parturition, were studied. Lacteal secretion samples were collected weekly from each mammary quarter during the nonlactating period to monitor composition changes in icb-fitted and nonfitted quarters. In quarters remaining uninfected (n = 15), there were significantly higher mean somatic cell counts (P < 0.05), percentage of neutrophils (P < 0.019), and cell viability (P < 0.038), but significantly lower percentage of macrophages (P < 0.013) in icb-fitted quarters compared with those in nonfitted quarters. The icb had no significant effect on mean weekly values for percentage of lymphocytes, pH, lactoferrin, citrate, citrate/lactoferrin molar ratio, serum albumin, α-lactalbumin, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase. In infected quarters (n = 9), pH of mammary secretions was significantly (P < 0.004) higher in icb-fitted quarters, but concentrations of lactoferrin (P < 0.004), α-lactalbumin (P < 0.013), and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (P < 0.028) were significantly lower, compared with those in nonfitted quarters. Coagulase-negative staphylococci comprised approximately 90% of all infections. Over the nonlactating period, 16.4 and 41.5% of samples from nonfitted and icb-fitted quarters, respectively, contained coagulase-negative staphylococci. Microscopic examination of icb from uninfected quarters revealed a thin coating of plaque with adhering neutrophils, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. Microscopic examination of plaque on devices from icb-fitted quarters harboring coagulase-negative staphylococci revealed numerous adherent cocci and neutrophils.
Cell-mediated immune responses of suckling pigs inoculated with attenuated or virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Authors: Welch Siao-Kun W. , Saif Linda J. , Ram Sumita 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two litters of suckling pigs seronegative for transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus were orally inoculated with live attenuated (P115) or virulent (M5C) strains of tge virus. A third seronegative litter (controls) was given cell culture fluids from uninfected cells. Lymphocytes were collected from blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer patches of euthanatized pigs at 0 day and approximately weekly until 26 days after exposure and at approximately 45 days after exposure. Sera were tested for virus-neutralizing antibody titers by use of plaque reduction. Lymphocytes were tested in a lymphocyte proliferation assay for uptake of [3H]thymidine after incubation with the homologous or the heterologous strain of inactivated tge virus or uninfected cell culture fluids. Only pigs inoculated with virulent tge virus developed clinical signs of tge and shed virus. However, all pigs inoculated with tge virus seroconverted at 6 days after exposure. Responses of lymphocytes from all sources from tge virus-inoculated pigs peaked between 6 and 14 days after exposure. Pigs inoculated with virulent tge virus had higher lymphocyte proliferative responses and neutralizing antibody titers than did pigs inoculated with attenuated tge virus. Cessation of virus shedding coincided with the peak of lymphocyte proliferative responses. The highest responses were with intestinal lymphocytes (mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer patches) from pigs inoculated with virulent tge virus. The responses of intestinal lymphocytes from pigs inoculated with attenuated virus were not significantly different from those of pigs inoculated with cell culture fluid. Lymphocytes collected from all sources, except blood from M5C-inoculated pigs, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher responses to the homologous than to the heterologous tge virus stimulation. Lymphocytes collected from blood of P115-inoculated pigs had significantly (P < 0.05) higher responses to the homologous antigen.
Consistent capacity for adrenocortical response to ACTH administration in pigs
Authors: Hennessy D. P. , Stelmasiak T. , Johnston N. E. , Jackson P. N. , Outch K. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of acth administration on plasma cortisol concentrations in purebred and crossbred pigs was investigated. Pigs were given either 25 IU of acth or physiologic saline solution im. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 1 hour after acth or saline solution administration. Administration of acth resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) increase in plasma cortisol concentration compared with that resulting from administration of saline solution; mean values after acth administration were similar in both breed groups. In contrast, a fivefold range of differences was observed among individual pigs of the same age, sex, and body weight, irrespective of breed group.
The type and magnitude of the adrenocortical response was consistent and repeatable in pigs over a 3-month period, suggesting that pigs have a consistent capacity for adrenocortical response to acth administration. Development of a dynamic test allowed the high and low responding extremes in a population to be detected. The most suitable dose of synthetic acth was established to be 50 IU, and the best time for blood sample collection was 60 minutes after acth administration. The classification of individual pigs as high or low responders was repeatable and was not affected by prior short-term exposure to acth.
Effects of age and season on the type and occurrence of sperm abnormalities in Nubian bucks
Authors: Skalet L. H. , Rodrigues H. D. , Goyal H. O. , Maloney M. A. , Vig M. M. , Noble R. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of age and season on type and occurrence of sperm abnormalities were examined in semen samples collected from 3 groups of Nubian bucks at ages of 4 to 9 months, 10 to 21 months, and 39 to 50 months. The average total percentage of sperm abnormalities at the onset of puberty (141 ± 4 days) was 64.6 ± 14.8% (head, 19.5 ± 13.6%; middle piece, 17.2 ± 9.3%; and proximal protoplasmic droplets, 14.6 ± 10.5%), but this improved rapidly and was reduced to 12.5 ± 7.5% by 8 months of age (head, 1.9 ± 4.5%; middle piece, 4.6 ± 2.8%). Further increase in age, at least up to 4 years, did not reveal a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the type or percentage of total abnormalities. Similar to age, a comparison of data among seasons did not reveal a significant effect on the type or occurrence of sperm abnormalities in 10- to 21-month-old or 39- to 50-month-old bucks. Seemingly, Nubian bucks started producing good quality semen at 8 months of age, and season did not influence sperm abnormalities.
Combined effects of fasting and diet on interferon production and virus replication in calves infected with a vaccine strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
Authors: d'Offay Jean M. , Rosenquist Bruce D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was undertaken to investigate the combined effects of fasting and different diets on interferon (ifn) production and virus replication measured in nasal secretions of calves inoculated with a vaccine strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Four groups of calves were inoculated intranasally with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Two groups were inoculated 24 hours after onset of a 3-day fast; upon refeeding, 1 group was fed a maintenance diet (M diet) of hay, and the other was fed a higher energy diet (he diet) of hay and concentrate. Nonfasted control groups were fed the M diet or the he diet. Overall ifn production was highest (P < 0.01) in nonfasted calves fed the M diet throughout the study and lowest in nonfasted calves fed the he diet. Fasted calves refed the he diet produced consistently and significantly more ifn than did nonfasted calves fed this diet. Fasted calves refed the M diet, however, produced significantly less ifn, compared with control calves fed the M diet throughout the study. Overall mean virus excretion was similar in all groups; therefore, the amount of virus replication per se did not account for the differences in ifn production, nor did greater ifn production result in less virus excretion. Serum cortisol concentrations and immune responses were not significantly affected by fasting or diet.