bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-professional and inter-professional referral patterns of chiropractors
Authors: Smith Monica , Greene Barry R , Haas Mitchell , Allareddy Veerasathpurush 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background

With the increasing popularity of chiropractic care in the United States, inter-professional relationships between conventional trained physicians (MDs and DOs) and chiropractors (DCs) will have an expanding impact on patient care. The objectives of this study are to describe the intra-professional referral patterns amongst DCs, describe the inter-professional referral patterns between DCs and conventional trained medical primary care physicians (MDPCPs), and to identify provider characteristics that may affect these referral behaviors.

Methods

A survey instrument to assess the attitudes and patterns of referral and consultation between MD primary care physicians (MDPCPs) and DCs was developed and sent to all DCs in the state of Iowa. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess the impact of provider characteristics on intra-professional and inter-professional referral patterns.

Results

Of all DCs contacted, 452 (40.7%) participated in the study. Close to 8% of DCs reported that they never send a case report when referring a patient to another DC, while 13% never send a case report to a MDPCP. About 10% of DCs never send follow-up clinical information to referring doctors. DCs that perform differential diagnosis were significantly more likely to have engaged in inter-professional referral than DCs who did not perform differential diagnosis.

Conclusion

The tendency toward informality, in both referral practices and sharing of clinical documentation for referred patients between MDPCPs and DCs, is an explicit marker of concerns that need to be addressed in order to improve coordination and continuity of care for patients shared between these provider types.
Time-Resolved ESR Investigation of Several Ketyl–Phenoxyl Radical Pairs in a Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle
Authors: Ishiwata Natsuo , Murai Hisao , Kuwata Keiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The CIDEP (chemically induced dynamic electron polarization) spectra of quasi-stable radical pairs formed in the laser flash photolysis of xanthone and several phenol derivatives in SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) micellar solutions were studied. In consideration of the spectral patterns of CIDEP and the results of the magnetic-field effects on the reaction, it is concluded that the steric bulkiness of phenol derivatives obstructs the free diffusion of the reactants and the intermediate radical pairs in the micelle. The dependence of the number and position of the t-butyl substituents upon the kinetic parameters and the interaction as the radical pairs in the micellar environment are presented.
Infrared and Raman Studies of Structural Relaxation in Amorphous Tetracosane, n-C24H50
Authors: Ishii Kikujiro , Nukaga Masako , Hibino Yukinobu , Hagiwara Shohgo , Nakayama Hideyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Structural relaxation in amorphous tetracosane n-C24H50 was studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Samples were prepared by vacuum deposition onto cold substrates and the spectral changes were monitored as the temperature was raised stepwise. Several distinguishable relaxation processes were found to take place similarly to the case of amorphous states of other hydrocarbons. However, in contrast to the previous study, we arrived at a conclusion that the initial relaxation of the disordered molecules does not take place in a single step. In the later part of the relaxation, metastable orthorhombic-type subcells were found to appear. They disappear finally when the adjustment of the mutual position of extended molecules occurs to attain the lateral molecular packing of the stable triclinic crystal. The intermolecular interactions along the chain direction are also discussed.
RNA Trafficking and Local Protein Synthesis in Dendrites: An Overview
Authors: Martin Kelsey C. , Zukin R. Suzanne 
Published: July 2006

It is now widely accepted that mRNAs localize to dendrites and that translation of these mRNAs is regulated in response to neuronal activity. Recent studies have begun to reveal the underpinnings of these processes and to underscore the importance of local protein synthesis to synaptic remodeling and plasticity.When Steward and Levy (1982) first reported their observation of polyribosomes at the base of spines, the prevailing view was that all proteins were synthesized in the cell body and then transported to distal compartments of neurons. Steward and Levy's discovery, however, raised the intriguing possibility that mRNAs could be transported to synapses and locally translated in response to synaptic stimulation. This provided an elegant mechanism for spatially restricting gene expression within the neuron, such that individual synapses could independently regulate their morphology and efficacy, in a persistent, protein synthesis-dependent manner, in response to specific stimuli. It is now widely accepted that mRNAs do localize to dendrites and that translation of these mRNAs contributes to synaptic plasticity. As is evident from the collection of Mini-Reviews on dendritic protein synthesis in this issue ofThe Journal of Neuroscience, the field has evolved to focus on a series of key questions, including the following: (1) what mRNAs are present in dendrites? (2) How are these mRNAs transported from the nucleus into the dendrite? (3) How is translation of these mRNAs regulated by neuronal activity? and (4) What is the function of local translation of specific transcripts? In this brief introductory overview, we will consider each of these questions in turn.
Bullying Victimization Uniquely Contributes to Adjustment Problems in Young Children: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study
Authors: Arseneault Louise , Walsh Elizabeth , Trzesniewski Kali , Newcombe Rhiannon , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. It has been shown that bullying victimization is associated with behavior and school adjustment problems, but it remains unclear whether the experience of bullying uniquely contributes to those problems after taking into account preexisting adjustment problems.
METHODS. We examined bullying in the Environmental Risk Study, a nationally representative 1994–1995 birth cohort of 2232 children. We identified children who experienced bullying between the ages of 5 and 7 years either as pure victims or bully/victims. We collected reports from mothers and teachers about children’s behavior problems and school adjustment when they were 5 years old and again when they were age 7.
RESULTS. Compared with control children, pure victims showed more internalizing problems and unhappiness at school when they were 5 and 7 years. Girls who were pure victims also showed more externalizing problems than controls. Compared with controls and pure victims, bully/victims showed more internalizing problems, more externalizing problems, and fewer prosocial behaviors when they were 5 and 7 years. They also were less happy at school compared with control children at 7 years of age. Pure victims and bully/victims showed more behavior and school adjustment problems at 7 years of age, even after controlling for preexisting adjustment problems at 5 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS. Being the victim of a bully during the first years of schooling contributes to maladjustment in young children. Prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing mental health problems during childhood should target bullying as an important risk factor.
Correlation between activation of the sympathetic nervous system estimated by plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and Doppler echocardiographic variables in dogs with acquired heart disease
Authors: Santos Mário Marcondes , Strunz Célia M. C. , Larsson Maria H. M. A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate correlations between plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and Doppler echocardiographic variables for dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) or dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM) to better understand the time course and magnitude of sympathetic activation in dogs with heart failure (HF).
Animals—15 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with DMVD, and 15 dogs with DCM.
Procedures—Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with minimal restraint for at least 20 minutes. Plasma samples were obtained and assayed by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations were correlated with HF classification and with the main Doppler echocardiographic variables for each group.
Results—Mean ± SD norepinephrine concentration was significantly higher in dogs with DMVD (494.4 ± 204.8 pg/mL) or DCM (655.7 ± 652.5 pg/mL) than in healthy dogs (205.8 ± 78.9 pg/mL), but concentrations did not differ significantly between the 2 groups with HF. Correlations were not detected between norepinephrine and heart rate or any M-mode echocardiographic variables evaluated, except for fractional shortening (FS) in DCM dogs. In that group, norepinephrine was inversely correlated with FS values. In DMVD dogs, no significant correlation was found between norepinephrine and the left atrium-to-aortic root ratio or mitral regurgitation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A proportional inverse correlation exists between norepinephrine and FS values in dogs with DCM. However, norepinephrine concentration was not correlated with the evaluated echocardiographic variables in dogs with DMVD. Sympathetic antagonists should be evaluated as a treatment option because of the increased plasma concentrations of norepinephrine detected in dogs with HF.
Compensation for changes in hoof conformation between shoeing sessions through the adaptation of angular kinematics of the distal segments of the limbs of horses
Authors: van Heel Meike C. V. , van Weeren P. René , Back Willem 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the mechanism that enables horses to partially counteract the shift of the center of pressure under the hoof induced by changes in hoof morphology attributable to growth and wear during a shoeing interval.
Animals—18 clinically sound Warmblood horses.
Procedures—Horses were evaluated 2 days and 8 weeks after shoeing during trotting on a track containing pressure-force measuring plates and by use of a synchronous infrared gait analysis system set at a frequency of 240 Hz. All feet were trimmed toward straight alignment of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges and shod with standard flat shoes.
Results—Temporal characteristics such as stance time and the time between heel lift and toe off (ie, breakover duration) did not change significantly as a result of shoeing interval. Protraction and retraction angles of the limbs did not change. Compensation was achieved through an increase in the dorsal angle of the metacarpohalangeal or metarsophalangeal (fetlock) joint and a concomitant decrease of the dorsal angle of the hoof wall and fetlock. There was an additional compensatory mechanism in the hind limbs during the landing phase.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses compensate for changes in hoof morphology that develop during an 8-week shoeing interval such that they are able to maintain their neuromuscular pattern of movement. The compensation consists of slight alterations in the angles between the distal segments of the limb. Insight into natural compensation mechanisms for hoof imbalance will aid in the understanding and treatment of pathologic conditions in horses.
Stable and Efficient White Electroluminescent Devices Based on a Single Emitting Layer of Polymer Blends
Authors: Shih P.‐I , Tseng Y.‐H. , Wu F.‐I. , Dixit A. K. , Shu C.‐F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn efficient orange‐light‐emitting polymer (PFTO‐BSeD5) has been developed through the incorporation of low‐bandgap benzoselenadiazole (BSeD) moieties into the backbone of a blue‐light‐emitting polyfluorene copolymer (PFTO poly{[9,9‐bis(4‐(5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐[1,3,4]‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐9′,9′‐di‐n‐octyl‐[2,2′]‐bifluoren‐7,7′‐diyl]‐stat‐[9,9‐bis(4‐(N,N‐di(4‐n‐butylphenyl)amino)phenyl)‐9′,9′‐di‐n‐octyl‐[2,2′]‐bifluoren‐7,7′‐diyl]}) that contains hole‐transporting triphenylamine and electron‐transporting oxadiazole pendent groups. A polymer light‐emitting device based on this copolymer exhibits a strong, bright‐orange emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates (0.45,0.52). The maximum brightness is 13 716 cd m–2 and the maximum luminance efficiency is 5.53 cd A–1. The use of blends of PFTO‐BSeD5 in PFTO leads to efficient and stable white‐light‐emitting diodes—at a doping concentration of 9 wt %, the device reaches its maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.64 % (4.08 cd A–1). The emission color remains almost unchanged under different bias conditions: the CIE coordinates are (0.32,0.33) at 11.0 V (2.54 mA cm–2, 102 cd m–2) and (0.31,0.33) at 21.0 V (281 mA cm–2, 7328 cd m–2). These values are very close to the ideal CIE chromaticity coordinates for a pure white color (0.33,0.33).
Macroporous Titania Monolith Prepared via Sol‐gel Process with Polymer Foam as the Template
Authors: Ren Jian , Du Zhong‐Jie , Zhang Chen , Li Hang‐Quan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMacroporous titania monoliths were prepared via sol‐gel method using polymer foam as templates. The polymer foam polymerized via concentrated emulsion polymerization was immerged in a solution of titanium(IV) isopropoxide in 2‐propanol, which underwent a sol‐gel process. The organic components were subsequently removed by calcination. The effects of various parameters, including the nature of the monomer, the volume fraction of dispersed phase of the concentrated emulsion, and concentration of the sol‐gel solution were investigated. The SEM micrographs of the macroporous titania monoliths thus obtained showed that the porous structure of the final material was effectively controllable.
The Rap GTPases mediate CXCL13‐ and sphingosine1‐phosphate‐induced chemotaxis, adhesion, and Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes
Authors: Durand Caylib A. , Westendorf Jens , Tse Kathy W. K. , Gold Michael R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe localization of B cells to lymphoid organs where they can become activated and differentiate into antibody‐secreting plasma cells is controlled by multiple chemoattractants that promote cell migration and integrin‐mediated adhesion. CXCL13 and sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) are two important chemoattractants that control the trafficking of B cells. CXCL13 directs B lymphocytes to lymphoid follicles where they receive survival signals and, if activated, undergo a germinal center response. In contrast, S1P allows B cells and plasma cells to exit lymphoid organs and re‐enter the circulation. The Rap1 GTPase is a key regulator of cell adhesion and cell migration in a number of systems. We now show that Rap activation is required for CXCL13 and S1P to induce B cell migration as well as adhesion to ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1. We also show that Pyk2, a tyrosine kinase involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and B cell migration, is a downstream target of both CXCL13 and S1P signaling and that Rap activation is important for CXCL13 and S1P to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2, a modification that increases Pyk2 kinase activity. This suggests that the ability of CXCL13 and S1P to direct the trafficking and localization of B cells in vivo may be dependent on Rap activation.
A one‐dimensional model for simulating armouring and erosion on hillslopes: 1. model development and event‐scale dynamics
Authors: Willgoose Garry R. , Sharmeen Saniya 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an erosion model, ARMOUR, which simulates time‐varying runoff, erosion, deposition and surface armour evolution down a hillslope either as a result of a single erosion event or as the cumulative impact of many events over periods up to decades. ARMOUR simulates sediment transport for both cohesive and non‐cohesive soil and dynamically differentiates between ‘transport‐limited’ and ‘source‐limited’ processes. A variety of feasible processes for entrainment of different size classes can be modelled and evaluated against data. The generalized likelihood of uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique was used to calibrate and validate ARMOUR using data collected during rainfall simulator experiments at two contrasting sites: (1) non‐cohesive stony sediments at Ranger Uranium Mine, Northern Territory, Australia; and (2) cohesive silty sediments at Northparkes Gold Mine, NSW, Australia. The spatial and temporal variations of model predictions within the individual runoff events showed that some entrainment processes could not model the spikes in concentration and subsequent depletion, while the hiding model of Andrews and Parker best simulated the concentration trends for both calibrated and independent runoff events. ARMOUR also successfully captured the coarsening of the surface material, though small, over the duration of the rainfall simulator trials. This was driven by the depletion of the finest size class of the soil. For a constant discharge, ARMOUR simulated higher sediment flux at the start of the storm with the sediment flux and concentration diminishing with time. For natural rainfall a power law relationship between sediment flux and discharge was observed. The calibration exercise showed that sediment concentration and discharge alone are insufficient to calibrate all aspects of the physics, in particular the armour depth. This appears to be because the armouring during the short duration events is driven by depletion of the finest classes of the sediments (diameters less then 62·5 mm), which are not normally measured. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SET complex in serous epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Ouellet Véronique , Page Cécile Le , Guyot Marie‐Claude , Lussier Christian , Tonin Patricia N. , Provencher Diane M. , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWith low cure rates but increasing diverse treatment options that provide variable remission times, ovarian cancer is increasingly being recognized as a chronic disease. This reality indicates the need for a better understanding of factors influencing disease progression. In a previous global analysis of gene expression, we identified genes differentially expressed when comparing serous epithelial ovarian tumors of low and high malignant potential (grade 0 vs grade 3). In this analysis, 4 out of 5 members of the SET complex, SET, APE1, NM23 and HMGB2, were highly expressed in invasive grade 3 tumors. To further investigate the expression of these genes and the fifth member of the SET complex (pp32), we performed immunohistochemistry, on a tissue array composed of 235 serous tumors of different grades and disease stages. A significant correlation between expression of all SET complex proteins and the tumor differentiation was observed (p < 0.05). When combining all tumors, overexpression of Nm23 (p = 0.04), Set (p = 0.004) and Ape1 (p = 0.004) was associated with the clinical stage of the disease. No marker by itself was associated with prognosis. The combination of a high level of Nm23 in the context of a low level of Set compared to all other combinations of these markers did confer a better prognosis (p = 0.03). When combined, high expression of Hmgb2 and low expression of Ape1 was also associated with patient prognosis (p = 0.05). These findings suggest that a strategy that sums the activities of different partners within a pathway may be more appropriate in designing nomograms for patient stratification. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intake of the major carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies
Authors: Koushik Anita , Hunter David J. , Spiegelman Donna , Anderson Kristin E. , Buring Julie E. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Hankinson Susan E. , Larsson Susanna C. , Leitzmann Michael , Marshall James R. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Miller Anthony B. , Rodriguez Carmen , Rohan Thomas E. , Ross Julie A. , Schatzkin Arthur , Schouten Leo J. , Willett Walter C. , Wolk Alicja , Zhang Shumin M. , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCarotenoids, found in fruits and vegetables, have the potential to protect against cancer because of their properties, including their functions as precursors to vitamin A and as antioxidants. We examined the associations between intakes of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. The primary data from 10 prospective cohort studies in North America and Europe were analyzed and then pooled. Carotenoid intakes were estimated from a validated food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline in each study. Study‐specific relative risks (RR) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and then combined using a random‐effects model. Among 521,911 women, 2,012 cases of ovarian cancer occurred during a follow‐up of 7–22 years across studies. The major carotenoids were not significantly associated with the risk of ovarian cancer. The pooled multivariate RRs (95% confidence intervals) were 1.00 (0.95–1.05) for a 600 μg/day increase in α‐carotene intake, 0.96 (0.93–1.03) for a 2,500 μg/day increase in β‐carotene intake, 0.99 (0.97–1.02) for a 100 μg/day increase in β‐cryptoxanthin intake, 0.98 (0.94–1.03) for a 2,500 μg/day increase in lutein/zeaxanthin intake and 1.01 (0.97–1.05) for a 4,000 μg/day increase in lycopene intake. These associations did not appreciably differ by study (p‐values, tests for between‐studies heterogeneity >0.17). Also, the observed associations did not vary substantially by subgroups of the population or by histological type of ovarian cancer. These results suggest that consumption of the major carotenoids during adulthood does not play a major role in the incidence of ovarian cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
History of allergies and risk of glioma in adults
Authors: Schoemaker Minouk J. , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Hepworth Sarah J. , McKinney Patricia A. , van Tongeren Martie , Muir Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEpidemiological studies have consistently reported an inverse association between a history of allergic disease and risk of glioma. The reason for this association is unclear, and there is a lack of studies with the detail and size to explore the association in depth. We conducted a UK population‐based case‐control study with 965 glioma cases and 1,716 controls to investigate glioma risk in relation to allergic disease. Risk was reduced in subjects reporting a history of asthma (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54–0.92), hay fever (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59–0.90), eczema (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97) and other allergies (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.90). Risk was reduced for all the main histological groups. There was no significant trend of risk with age, at the onset of each condition, or the number of conditions reported. Risk reductions were strongest for asthma or hay fever with recent onset. Risk in asthmatic subjects was not related to frequency of use of antiasthmatic drugs, but was significantly reduced for use of antiallergenic medication among subjects with hay fever. The study showed an inverse association of glioma risk with allergic disease. Possible reasons for the association, as well as potential immunological aetiology, include confounding, bias and reverse causality. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.