bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Erythropoietin Levels in Cord Blood and in Blood During the First Weeks of Life1
Authors: HALVORSEN S. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYPlasma erythropoietin levels have been studied in cord blood from normal and erythroblastotic infants, and in blood from normal and hypoxic infants during the first weeks of life. The erythropoietins are slightly elevated in cord plasma from normal infants, and markedly elevated in plasma from severely anemic infants. No erythropoietin is detectable in plasma from normal infants during the first weeks of life while hypoxic infants have elevated plasma erythropoietin levels. It is concluded that the vital regulatory mechanism of erythropoiesis through erythropoietins is intact in the last part of intrauterine life and in the neonatal period. The present findings are another confirmation of the concept that the postnatal fall in erythropoiesis is due to an improvement of oxygenation following birth.
Fetal and Postnatal Development of the Intrarenal Arterial Pattern in Man
Authors: LJUNGQVIST ARNE 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe development of the intrarenal arterial pattern in man has been studied by parallel micro‐angiographic and histologic examinations on 104 kidneys obtained from 64 autopsy subjects, ranging in age from the fourth fetal month to the twentieth year of life. Various stages of development of the glomerular capillary tuft were noted, but the most primitive ones were no longer observed after the first week of life.In the fourth fetal month well‐developed arteriole‐glomerular units were found in the juxtamedullary zone and the pelvic connective tissue. These subsequently gave off postglomerular vessels to the medulla. From the end of the fourth fetal month a cortico‐medullary vascular pattern was present with arteriolae rectae leading to the medulla and a cortical arrangement of the glomeruli. Postglomerular vessels in the cortex did not appear until after the eighth fetal month, andup to that time the lobar circulation is therefore probably medullary.Glomeruli in the pelvic and periarcuate connective tissue began to degenerate during the seventh fetal month, with the formation of so‐called arteriolae rectae verae to the medulla through canalization of the glomerular scars. These scars were gradually incorporated into the connective tissue and became istologically unidentifiable.seventh year of life juxtamedullary glomeruli outside the periarcuate connective tissue began to degenerate with the formation of arteriolae rectae verae. Vessels to the renal pelvis were given off by pelvic arteriole‐glomerular units.ninth fetal month there was evidence of congenital glomeruloscierosis ‐that is, sclerosis of scattered cortical glomeruli with atrophy of the whole arteriole‐glomerular unit.
Studies on Human Lactation
Authors: KARMARKAR M. G. , RAJALAKSHMF R. , RAMAKRISHNAN C. V. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYLongitudinal studies were carried out in subjects of poor nutritional status on changes in the fat, protein, and essential amino‐acid composition and 24‐hour yield of milk following dietary supplementation. The supplementation was carried out with regard to fat and protein, singly and in combination, and with and without added vitamins. The results obtained were compared with those of an isocaloric group supplemented with equivalent amounts of carbohydrate.The supplementation studies showed that fat and protein contents of milk increase to a ceiling level with the dose supplemented till dietary levels of 50–55 g are reached in regard to either. The increase in protein content was found to be associated with a general increase in essential amino‐acids, the same being significant with regard to histidine, methionine, and tryptophan.
The Syndrome of Familial Atrial Septal Defect, Heart Arrhythmia and Hand Malformation (Holt‐Oram) in Mother and Son
Authors: ZETTERQVIST PER 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe so‐called atrio‐digital dysplasia or Holt‐Oram syndrome consists of atrial septal defect, a tendency to cardiac arrhythmia and characteristic skeletal malformations, involving particularly the thumbs. It has previously been described in two families and seems to be transmitted as a dominant trait. The present report describes its occurrence in a mother and son, both of whom have been successfully operated upon for the atrial septal defect. The nature of the cardiac arrhythmia and its dependence upon different circumstances are discussed.
A Follow‐up of 103 Children Recovered from Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE , DONNER MÄRTA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA general review of the results of follow‐up examinations of 103 children who have recovered from tuberculous meningitis is presented.The length of the follow‐up period ranged from 5 to 12 1/2 years, the mean being 8 1/2 years. The age distribution of the series at the end of the follow‐up period was from 8 to 26 years, the mean age being 16 years. There were 9 cases with increased incidence of infections, according to the case history. The general health was good in 99, subnormal in 2 and poor in 2 cases. There were 4 cases of endocrine disturbance as sequelae to the disease — one case of precocious puberty (menarche at 8 years of age) and 3 cases of obesity. Roentgenological examination of the chest revealed bronchial gland calcifications in 9 cases, parenchymatous calcifications of the lungs in 33 cases and other changes (pleural adhesions, scar lines, atelectasis) in 5 cases. Skull x‐ray showed the existence of intracranial calcifications in 26 out of the 101 cases examined. Neurological symptoms of markedly varying severity were observed in 56 cases. Gross EEG changes were noted in 15 cases, minor changes in 35 cases out of the 85 examined by EEG.There was one case of blindness and another with severe visual handicap. Eight of the children were deaf, one of them congenitally, and 8 other children had a markedly impaired hearing. Mental subnormality occurred in 20 and slight mental retardation in 27 cases. Serious behaviour disturbances were reported in 3 children. The school record was below average in 18 and very poor in 14 cases.To conclude, it may be stated that most of the children had some sort of sequelae of their past illness as revealed by careful clinical examinations by different specialists. However, some 58 of the 103 examined were already supporting themselves or certainly will be able to do so when grown up. About a third (36 cases) had minor handicaps, but they will, doubtless, manage reasonably well in the future. The rest of the children (9 cases) were so severely handicapped that they will need the support of the community to exist.For details of the clinical examinations see the special sections in this same issue.
Late Ophthalmological Sequelae of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: MIETTINEN PENTTI , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOne hundred and three patients who had recovered from tuberculous meningitis in 1949—54 were thoroughly re‐examined ophthalmologically an average of 8 1/2 years (range 6—12 1/2 years) after recovery. One blind patient and one with severe visual impairment were found. In addition to these, a number of cases with ophthalmological sequelae of minor importance were found; partial structural and functional lesions of the optic nerve were found in 17 cases (including 1 case with associated abducens nerve palsy), nystagmus was found in 2, pupillary disturbances in 6 and scars of choroidal tubercles in 16 cases. Thus 36 cases (35 per cent) showed ophthalmological sequelae of the past illness. Permanent visual disability was found in the 2 cases mentioned above, both of them being late cases with a high block treated with trephination. Of the other sequelae of the disease only intracranial calcification showed some degree of correlation with the ophthalmological sequelae.
Anabolic Steroids and Digitoxin in the Treatment of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: HEYCK H. , LAUDAHN G. , LÜDERS C. J. , MÜLLER‐STEPHANN H. , SCHMIDT‐PETER P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA total number of 51 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy were treated in two groups: one group received 19‐norandrostenolone‐decanoate together with digitoxin over a period of 3 months, a second group was treated with the steroid alone over a period of 3–5 months. The doses for the steroid were 50 mg per week, for digitoxin 0.1 mg daily.In the first group (steroid +digitoxin) of 21 cases. Controls of 15 different enzymes in muscle tissue showed a decline in activity in all of the enzyincs. The depletion of muscle enzymes was significant for CPK, GOT, GPT, ICDH and LDH. At the same time, a significant raise in serum enzyme activity could be demonstrated for ALD and CPK in the Duchennc‐typc and for ALD, CPK and LDH in the other more benign types of the disease.In the second group (steroid only) clinical observation revealed no functional improvement. I n some of the Duchenne cases the physical weakness was slightly accelerated. Laboratory findings showed no demonstrable changes in histopathology in this group. The increase of serum enzyme activitics was not Significant. MDH show‐ ed a significant fall in activity. Changes in tissue enzyme activities were not typical.I n none of the groups a raise of extractable muscle protein was seen. I n addition to rather severe virilizing effects in most of the cases, an increase of joint‐contractures in some of the cases of both groups could be observed. The increase of serum enzymes under the treatment with the steroid which can only be explained by enhanced loss of enzyme proteins from the diseased muscle tissue as a result of the increasing cell permeabilky becumes most obvious and significant when the steroid treatment is combined with digi‐ toxin. The study demonstrates that the treatment of progressive muscular dystro‐ phy with 19‐nd shows no use and involves unfavorable side effects while the combined use of the steroid with digitoxin leads to a clear and significant acceleration of the process of muscle wasting.
Studies on the Streptococcus Group A Infection: The Carrier State and Latent Infection among Childen
Authors: MOZZICONACCI P. , GERBEAUX J. , BACULARD A. , GERBEAUX CL. , CARAVANO R. , FOURNIER G. , LEMAIRE J. , ROTH C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA longitudinal study has been conducted on 114 children in a hospital for primary tuberculosis, in order to determine the incidence of Group A latent streptococcal infection. The subjects were regularly examined for the presence of Group A streptococcus in the throat, the level of streptococcal antibodies in the sera; a daily methodical investigation was also performed in the search of any clinical symptoms of infection.The analysis of the modes of infection shows that several degrees exist between the subject remaining free of any contact with group A streptococcus and that one who presents a clinically acute infection; some children are truly healthy carriers, but more frequently the acquisition of the germ is followed by a rise of serological reactions. This infection may be clinically latent, 01: may show Clinical Symptoms of disease.Children classified as chronic carriers may harbour a single type of streptococcus or two or more types which may or may not be present concurrently within the carrier.
Rutherfurd's Syndrome: A Familial Oculo‐Dental Disorder
Authors: HOUSTON I. B. , SHOTTS NINA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe association of corneal dystrophy, hypertrophy of the gingivae and failure of tooth eruption is described in five generations of a family believed to be the same one as that described by Rutherfurd in 1931. The abnormalities are inherited together through an autosomal dominant gene but no gross abnormalities of chromosomal size, shape or number have been identified.
The Behaviour of Foetal Haemoglobin in the enhanced Heinz Body Formation in Red Cells of Newborn Infants
Authors: ULUKUTLU LAMIA , KLEIHAUER ENNO , BETKE KLAUS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHeinz body formation by incubation of blood with acetylphenylhydrazine was more pronounced in erythrocytes of newborns than in erythrocytes of adults, the ratio being approximately 5:1. In haemolysates cord haemoglobin was denatured only slightly faster by acetylphenylhydrazine than was adult haemoglobin. By differentiating HbA‐cells from HbF‐cells in blood smears from newborns with the acid elution technic it could be shown that Heinz body formation proceeded nearly as fast in erythrocytes containing HbA as in erythrocytes containing HbF.HbF therefore does not play a significant role for the enhanced Heinz body formation in red cells of newborn infants. Since the amount of reduced glutathione has no decisive significance either, there must be some other characteristic property of the red cells of newborns making them labile in this respect.
Serum Lipids in Premature Infants on Vegetable Fat Diet
Authors: KRASILNIKOFF P. A. , VESTERDAL J. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySerum lipids were studied in premature infants on different diets: human milk, an ordinary 50% cow's milk formula and a cow's milk preparation (Olac) where the butter fat had been replaced with vegetable fat, so that the content of unsaturated fatty acids was practically similar to that of human milk.The total lipids and phospholipids showed no significant differences on these diets. Serum cholesterol was significantly lower on feeding with Olac than on human milk, but no differences with regard to the cholesterol were seen between infants on human milk and infants on 50 % cow's milk formula. These findings are in accordance with previous investigations.As the amount of unsaturated fatty acids is practically identical in human milk and in Olac, we cannot explain why serum cholesterol is lower when the latter is given. Nor can it be explained why serum cholesterol is similar on human milk and on 50% cow's milk formula, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in fact being more than three times as high in the former as in the latter.Apparently the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids is not the factor responsible for these results. Our figures do not permit the conclusion that any single fraction of the lipids is the factor in question. This problem needs further investigation.
Disaccharidases and Histology of Duodenal Mucosa in Congenital Lactose Malabsorption
Authors: LAUNIALA KARI , KUITUNEN PEKKA , VISAKORPI J. K. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA study has been made of the disaccharidase activities and histology of duodenal mucosa in two infants with typical congenital lactose malabsorption. The mucosal samples were taken by means of peroral intestinal biopsy. At the time Of biopsy, the patients were 2½ and 4½ months old and they had been on lactose free diet 39 days and 3 ½ months respectively.Both patients demonstrated a typical clinical picture of lactose and cellobiose malabsorption. In the mucosal samples, lactase and cellobiase activities were almost absent in both patients, whereas other disaccharidase activities were within the normal range. The histological picture of the mucosa was normal in one patient, and slight, partial villous atrophy was seen in the other.This study confirms that the cause of congenital lactose malabsorbtion is an enzyme defect of the intestinal mucosa which histologically may appear normal.
Vaccinia Gangrenosa with Normal Humoral Antibodies A Case Possibly Due to Deficient Cellular Immunity Treated with N‐Methylisatin β‐Thiosemicarbazone (Compound 33T57, Marboran)
Authors: HANSSON O. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , VAHLQUIST B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of vaccinia gangrenosa with normal antibodies and deficient cellular immunity against vaccinia‐antigen is presented. Administration of hyperimmune vaccinia1 gamma globulin failed to stop the progression of the disease. Treatment with Compound 33T57 was successful.
The Oxygen Cost of Minor Changes in Heat Balance of Small Newborn Infants
Authors: SILVERMAN WILLIAM A. , SINCLAIR JOHN C. , AGATE F. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMeasurements of gaseous metabolism small newborn infants whose anterior abdominal skin temperatures were stabilized at fixed levels (35, 36 and 37°C) for 15 to 25 hours revealed that mean oxygen consumption was lowest in the 36°C condition. From the oxygen cost of small departures in heat balance it is suggested that a “neutral thermal state” small neonates may be achieved when environmental conditions are adjusted to maintain the abdominal skin temperature between 36 and 37°C. The deep body temperature in the “neutral thermal state” is lower in these very small babies than is generally considered to be a normal deep body temperature in human subjects.The relationship between temperature and metabolism in undergrown as compared with normally grown infants should be investigated further.
Incidence In infants and Mortality from Congenital Malformations of the Circulatory System
Authors: KERREBIJN K. F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis study comprises an investigation into the incidence of congenital malformations of the circulatory system in all live births in 1958 among the inhabitants of the municipality of Leiden, and an analysis of the figures concerning congenital malformations of the circulatory system as an underlying cause of death in the Netherlands in the years 1951–1962.In 15 of 1817 children (8%) a congenital malformation of the circulatory system was found. A discussion is included of possible sources of error in the calculation of the incidence reported.The results can be considered as representative for the Netherlands as a whole. This means that the number of infants born alive in this country with a congenital malformation of the circulatory system will currently be about 2000 annually.Up to the present there has not been a decline in mortality figures for congenital malformations of the circulatory system in the Netherlands. Mortality ensues in 80 % of the cases in infancy. The number of infants dying from congenital malformations of the circulatory system is at the moment about 500 annually. One third die in the first week of life, half within the first month.
Primary Cold Injury in the Newborn
Authors: LEONIDAS JOHN C. , GOLEMATIS THEMIS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe well recognised syndrome of primary cold injury or neonatal hypothermia was seen in a full‐term healthy newborn infant, apparently not exposed to extremely low levels of temperature and in the absence of any other intrinsic precipitating factors. Rewarming of such infants should be gradual, otherwise convulsions might be induced.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE HUMAN NEONATAL CIRCULATION
Authors: HANSON JOHN S. , ARCILLA RENÉ A. , OHM WILLIAM , WALLGREN ÖRAN , LIND JOHN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYPrinciples and techniques for the application of indicator‐dilution studies to the newborn period are discussed. A simple method for in vivo dye curve calibration is described, and a modification of the forward triangle factor for cardiac output estimation in this age group is presented: Methods of calculation of cardiac output and shunts are given. Many problems unique to the neonatal period are suited to study by careful application of these techniques.
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE CHANGES ON THE METABOLIC RATE OF NEWBORN BABIES
Authors: Grausz J. P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe oxygen consumption of 27 normal babies was measured at an environmental temperature of about 35°C, approaching this temperature either from 30°C or 40°C. There was a decrease in oxygen consumption at an ambient temperature of 40°C compared with 35°C, provided the baby remained asleep and motionless.The oxygen consumption at an environmental temperature of 35°C when this had been reached by coming from 40°C was 15% higher than when it had been reached by warming from 30°C. This difference could not be explained by differences in skin‐air temperature gradients nor by a Q 10 effect.
STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY X. Red Cell Volume of Newborn Infants in Relation to Gestational Age
Authors: Bratteby Lars‐Eric 
Published: January 2008

SummaryRed cell volume measurements were performed with a 51Cr‐dilution method in 27 newborn infants with a gestational age of 222–295 days. The results were in agreement with and supplemented earlier findings. A positive correlation was found between red cell volume and gestational age. After 230 days (±10 days) of intrauterine life, the red cell volume varied between 45 and 100 ml. After a gestational period of 280 days (±10 days) the red cell volume was 120–190 ml. The main source of the large variation probably arises from errors in determining the gestational age, and variations in amount of placental transfusion.
ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN NEWBORN INFANTS III. ABO Incompatibility
Authors: Fällström S. P. , Bjure J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentration in blood, which is assumed to reflect the degree of haemoglobin catabolism, was determined in 62 newborn infants selected because of significant jaundice associated with ABO incompatibility, and in 46 infants with ABO incompatibility, selected without regard to the degree of bilirubinaemia. Furthermore, the COHb level was determined in 46 icteric infants without haemolytic disease, and in 61 infants of ABO homospecific pregnancies, selected without regard to their bilirubin level.In infants with ABO incompatibility increased COHb concentrations were found not only in infants with unequivocal signs of haemolytic disease but also in infants with a clinical picture indistinguishable from physiological jaundice. During the first days the relation between COHb and bilirubin in infants with ABO incompatibility was the same, whether the infants were selected because of significant jaundice or irrespective of the degree of bilirubinaemia. This indicates a common pathogenesis of the bilirubinaemia in the two groups.The COHb and bilirubin levels in infants of ABO heterospecific pregnancies and in infants of ABO homospecific pregnancies, selected without regard to the degree of bilirubinaemia, were compared. It is concluded that the COHb level probably is a more sensitive indicator of haemolysis than the bilirubin concentration.Increased COHb concentrations were also found in icteric infants without blood group incompatibility, but the relation between COHb and bilirubin indicates that in ABO incompatibility increased haemolysis is of greater importance in the pathogenesis of the jaundice.