bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and epigenetic alterations in lung tumors from bitransgenic Ki‐rasG12C expressing mice
Authors: Floyd Heather S. , Jennings‐Gee Jamie E. , Kock Nancy D. , Miller Mark Steven 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMutations in Ki‐ras occur in approximately 30–50% of patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung. We previously reported the development of a bitransgenic mouse model that expressed the human Ki‐rasG12C allele in a lung‐specific, tetracycline‐inducible manner and gave rise to benign lung tumors. In the current study, these benign tumors, which represent relatively early lesions in neoplastic progression, were analyzed for molecular alterations secondary to mutant Ki‐ras expression to determine the gene(s) that contribute to adenoma (AD) development. Tumors were removed following doxycycline (DOX) treatment for 9 and 12 mo and examined for alterations in cell‐cycle regulatory genes. Quantification of mRNA expression for cyclin D1, retinoblastoma, p16Ink4a, p19Arf, and survivin was carried out by real‐time PCR. All of the tumors examined exhibited a mean reduction of approximately fivefold for the retinoblastoma gene (P < 0.02). Increased expression of both p19Arf and survivin were detected in a majority of the tumors examined (P < 0.01 and 0.001, respectively), but no change in cyclin D1 RNA expression was observed. A subset of the lung tumors (8/28) displayed reduced levels of p16Ink4a expression (P = 0.02). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the upregulation of p19Arf and survivin in all 10 of the lung tumors examined. However, increased staining for cyclin D1 was observed in the tumor tissue. In addition, increased levels of activated p53 were found in lung tumor tissues stained with an anti‐phospho‐p53 antibody, while an absence of staining was observed with an anti‐phospho‐pRb antibody in both normal control and tumor tissue. Analysis of the methylation status of p16Ink4a by methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) demonstrated that seven of eight tumors exhibiting decreased expression of p16Ink4a had at least partial methylation of the promoter region. Single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis demonstrated that neither exons 1 or 2 of p16Ink4a nor exons 5–8 of p53 exhibited mutations. These data thus identify alterations in specific genes and pathways that combine with the mutation in Ki‐ras to promote the formation of benign lung tumors and suggest potential targets for the development of novel chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents during the early stages of lung tumor progression. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential susceptibility to chemically induced thymic lymphomas in SENCARB and SSIN inbred mice
Authors: Benavides Fernando , Gomez Gregorio , Venables‐Griffith Ann , Lambertz Isabel , Flores Mónica , Angel Joe M. , Fuchs‐Young Robin , Richie Ellen R. , Conti Claudio J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn the past 20 yr, several inbred strains have been derived from SENCAR outbred mice. These strains display different susceptibility to the induction of papillomas and progression to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in the skin after chemical carcinogenesis. In the present study, we showed that one of these strains SENCARB/Pt was highly susceptible to the development of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐ and 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced lymphomas. In contrast, the SSIN/Sprd inbred strain is completely resistant to T‐cell lymphomagenesis by both carcinogens. Within 175 d after a single injection of 75 mg/kilogram body weight (kbw) of MNU, SENCARB/Pt mice exhibited a 91.6% incidence of lymphoma. In addition, during an independent tumorigenesis study with repeated doses of intragastric DMBA, SENCARB/Pt mice showed an incidence of 75% lymphoma development 300 d after the last treatment. Histopathological and flow cytometric parameters indicated that the lymphomas were of the T‐cell lineage. In order to study the genetics of MNU‐induced tumorigenesis, we generated F1 hybrid mice between SSIN/Sprd and SENCARB/Pt mice. Tumor incidence in MNU‐injected F1 mice suggested that the high tumor incidence is a dominant trait. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in these tumor samples revealed allelic imbalances on chromosomes 15 and 19. Given that these inbred strains are closely related, it is likely that a relatively small number of loci are responsible for the observed differences in susceptibility. Therefore, these SENCAR inbred strains constitute important new tools to study the genetic basis of resistance and susceptibility to chemically induced thymic lymphoma formation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in cortical inhibition during task‐specific contractions in primary writing tremor patients
Authors: Ljubisavljevic Milos , Kacar Aleksandra , Milanovic Sladjan , Svetel Marina , Kostic Vladimir S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPrimary writing tremor (PWT) is a rare disease of unknown pathophysiology. We studied changes in silent period (SP) duration, after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), set at 20% above the motor threshold in 6 PWT patients and 7 healthy control subjects. SP duration was tested during a task‐specific act, i.e., writing that induced tremor in all patients in the affected hand (Wr); nonspecific voluntary contraction of intensity, matching that developed during writing (VCWr); and during near maximal voluntary contraction (VCNmax). There were no differences in SP duration during Wr and VCWr contraction on the right affected side or between sides in both PWT patients and control subjects, nor between the groups. However, during VCNmax, SP significantly shortened on both sides in PWT patients, whereas there were no changes in control subjects. Although it appears that inhibitory mechanism are not directly involved in the generation of the tremulous activity, the shortening of SP indicates that central inhibitory mechanisms are affected in PWT patients. Therefore, whereas the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in PWT and writer's cramp may share common features, the results indicate that PWT is not a variant of focal task‐specific dystonia but rather a separate nosological entity. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
PINK1 mutations in sporadic early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tan Eng‐King , Yew Kenneth , Chua Eva , Puvan K. , Shen Hui , Lee Esther , Puong Kim‐Yoong , Zhao Yi , Pavanni Ratnagopal , Wong Meng‐Cheong , Jamora Dominic , de Silva Deidre , Moe Kyaw‐Thu , Woon Fung‐Peng , Yuen Yih , Tan Louis 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPathogenic PINK1 mutations have been described in PARK6‐linked Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of Asian origin. However, data on the frequency of PINK1 mutations in sporadic early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) Asian patients are lacking. The objectives of this study were to report the frequency of PINK1 mutations of sporadic EOPD in an Asian cohort comprising of ethnic Chinese, Malays, and Indians, and to highlight a PINK1‐positive patient who presented with restless legs symptoms. Eighty consecutive sporadic EOPD patients from the movement disorder clinics of two major tertiary institutions in the country were included. We performed sequence analysis of all the coding and exon–intron junctions of the PINK1 using specific primer sets. In addition, we genotyped polymorphisms detected from the analysis in a group of sporadic PD patients and controls. Three different mutations (two homozygous nonsense and one heterozygous missense) in the putative kinase domain were found in three patients, giving a 3.7% frequency of PINK1 mutations in our EOPD cohort. All the mutations were absent in 200 healthy controls. One patient with a novel homozygous nonsense PINK1 mutation presented unusually with restless legs symptoms. Separately, analysis of the frequency of four PINK1 polymorphisms in a group of sporadic PD and controls did not reveal any significant differences. We highlight a 3.7% frequency of PINK1 mutations in an Asian cohort (ethnic Chinese, Malay, and Indian) of EOPD. The phenotypic spectrum associated with PINK1‐positive patients may be wider than previously reported. Polymorphisms of PINK1 do not appear to modulate risk of PD in our population. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions of quasilinear evolutionary partial differential equations of parabolic type on unbounded spatial intervals
Authors: Poul Lukáš 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe study the long‐time behaviour of solutions to a quasilinear parabolic problem on a half‐line. The main result lies in showing the existence of a positive solution that converges to the travelling wave of solution to the stationary problem on the whole line. The main tools used here are the zero number theory and the concentration compactness principle. This result is a generalization of a result know for semilinear parabolic equations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modifying CLJP to select grid hierarchies with lower operator complexities and better performance
Authors: Alber David M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlgebraic multigrid (AMG) is an efficient algorithm for solving certain types of large, sparse linear systems. For solving very large problems with AMG it becomes necessary to use parallel algorithms. Coarse grid selection algorithms such as CLJP were created to parallelize the setup phase of AMG. For some problems, such as those discretized on structured meshes, CLJP tends to select coarse grids with more nodes than alternative coarsening algorithms. In this paper, the cause for the selection of too many coarse nodes by CLJP is examined, and a new technique which lowers the operator complexities generated by CLJP is introduced. To validate the new method, the modified CLJP is compared to other coarsening algorithms for large‐scale problems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A state‐dependent Riccati equation‐based estimator approach for HIV feedback control
Authors: Banks H. T. , Kwon Hee‐Dae , Toivanen J. A. , Tran H. T. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe consider optimal dynamic multidrug therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. In this context, we describe an optimal tracking problem attempting to drive the states of the system to a stationary state in which the viral load is low and the immune response is strong. We consider optimal feedback control with full‐state as well as with partial‐state measurements. In the case of partial‐state measurement, a state estimator is constructed based on viral load and T‐cell count measurements. We demonstrate by numerical simulations that by anticipation of and response to the disease progression, the dynamic multidrug strategy reduces the viral load, increases the CD4+ T‐cell count and improves the immune response. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On–off minimum‐time control with limited fuel usage: near global optima via linear programming
Authors: Driessen Brian J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA method for finding a global optimum to the on–off minimum‐time control problem with limited fuel usage is presented. Each control can take on only three possible values: maximum, zero, or minimum. The simplex method for linear systems naturally yields nearly such a solution for the re‐formulation presented herein because the simplex method always produces an extreme point solution to the linear program. Numerical examples for the benchmark linear flexible system are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical syntheses of [1,3,5]‐triazine dendritic molecules on solid supports
Authors: Dilly Suzanne J. , Carlisle Steven J. , Clark Andrew J. , Shepherd Andrew R. , Smith Stephen C. , Taylor Paul C. , Marsh Andrew 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA practical and divergent synthesis of supported [1,3,5]‐triazine dendritic molecules on Wang resin, PEGA resin, SynPhase™ Lanterns, and silica gel is described. The alkylamine linkers used allow derivatization with functionality for both synthetic (e.g., supported reagent and scavenger activity) and chemical biology applications. The use of supported intermediates allows differentiation of symmetric linkers without the need for protecting group chemistry. The synthetic route uses inexpensive, readily available starting materials in a straightforward and scaleable strategy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2248–2259, 2006
Synthesis and properties of Q‐silicon crosslinked siloxane networks: H3PO4‐catalyzed sol–gel dehydration/crosslinking of α,ω‐bis(hydroxy)oligodimethylsiloxanes with tetrakis(hydroxydimethylsiloxy)silane
Authors: Gädda Thomas M. , Kus Esra , Mansfeld Florian , Finlay John A. , Callow James A. , Callow Maureen E. , Kowalke Gregory L. , Wendt Dean E. , Weber William P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSix silicate‐crosslinked oligodimethylsiloxane thin films were prepared by the phosphoric acid (1 mol %) catalyzed condensation of α,ω‐bis(hydroxy)oligodimethylsiloxane (P) and tetrakis(hydroxydimethylsiloxy)silane (Q). Other acid catalysts were evaluated. P and Q were prepared by the Pd‐catalyzed oxidation of the corresponding SiH compounds with water. The starting materials were characterized by IR and 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR. A thermal cure was achieved with H3PO4 in 24 h and with poly(phosphoric acid) in 3 h at 110–120 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to determine the glass‐transition temperatures and to evaluate the mechanical properties of the films. Their thermal stabilities (≥300 °C) in air and N2 were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Small amounts of non‐crosslinked P were recovered from the films by Soxhlet extractions with CH2Cl2 and analyzed by IR, gel permeation chromatography, and 29Si NMR. The crosslink densities were evaluated by the CH2Cl2 absorption capacities of the films. The surface properties of the films were determined by static and dynamic contact‐angle measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was carried out to evaluate the corrosion‐protective properties of the coatings on mild steel as a function of the exposure time to 0.5 N NaCl. The biofoul‐release properties of the films were evaluated with sporelings from mature Ulva linza plants and barnacles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2237–2247, 2006
Phase morphology development in PP/PA6 blends induced by a maleated thermoplastic elastomer
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Xie Tingxiu , Zhang Ying , Ou Yuchun , Yang Guisheng 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe effects of maleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) on morphological development of polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends with a fixed PA6 content (30 wt %) were investigated. For purpose of comparison, nonmaleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) was also added to the above binary blends. A comparative study of FTIR spectroscopy in above both ternary blends confirmed the formation of in situ graft copolymer in the PP/PA6/TPEg blend. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that un‐like TPE, the incorporation of TPEg remarkably affected both intensity and position of loss peaks of blend components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that PP/PA6/TPE blends still exhibited poor interfacial adhesion between the dispersed phase and matrix. However, the use of TPEg induced a finer dispersion and promoted interfacial adhesion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for PP/PA6/TPEg blends showed that a core‐shell structure consisting of PA6 particles encapsulated by an interlayer was formed in PP matrix. With the concentration of TPEg increasing, the dispersed core‐shell particles morphology was found to transform from discrete acorn‐type particles to agglomerate with increasing degree of encapsulation. The modified Harkin's equation was applied to illustrate the evolution of morphology with TPEg concentration. “Droplet‐sandwiched experiments” further confirmed the encapsulation morphology in PP/PA6/TPEg blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1050–1061, 2006
Luminescent properties of Ce3+ ions in Ca2B5O9Cl
Authors: Dotsenko V. P. , Berezovskaya I. V. , Efryushina N. P. , Shabanov E. V. , Voloshinovskii A. S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe luminescent properties of Ce3+ ions in Ca2B5O9Cl have been studied upon excitation in the 3.5–25 eV region. The energies of all 5d crystal field levels of Ce3+ ions in double doped Ca2B5O9Cl:Ce3+, Na+ have been determined. In addition to the 4f → 5d excitation bands, the excitation spectrum of the Ce3+ emission shows a band with a maximum at 7.7 eV, which is attributed to the absorption of the borate groups. The influence of the structural features of Ca2B5O9Cl on the luminescent behavior of Ce3+ is discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of dc conductance of two‐dimensional heterogeneous system: application to carbon wires made by ion irradiation on polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Poklonski N. A. , Kocherzhenko A. A. , Benediktovitch A. I. , Mitsianok V. V. , Zaitsev A. M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA percolation model of two‐dimensional heterogeneous system composed of two conductive phases and a method for calculating the macroscopic electric conductance of such a system in direct current regime is proposed. The parameters of the model are its geometrical dimensions, the conductance of the two phases and the relative fractions of the phases in the system. The model satisfactorily describes the non‐linear dependence on width of conductance of the carbon nano‐ and microwires made on polycrystalline diamond surface by focused ion beam irradiation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mean potential of Bethe in the classical problem of calculating bulk electrostatic potentials in crystals
Authors: Kholopov Eugene V. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe mean potential of Bethe is discussed as a correction modifying direct potential series to translation‐invariant potentials in the bulk. As shown, this effect is associated with special periodic boundary conditions imposed at infinity. As a result, a unique potential solution independent of any particular choice of the unit cell arises. Based on this finding, the classical problem of asymmetry of Evjen's potentials and the problem of definition of the bulk Coulomb energy are readily resolved. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim )
Special directions for surface integrals in cubic lattices with application to the evaluation of the COMPTON profile of copper
Authors: Bross H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSeveral sets of special directions are presented which allow the integration of functions with full cubic symmetry over a solid angle. These sets yield a higher accuracy than those published up to now. The sets corresponding to N = 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 directions satisfy the criteria of the best choice rather well. But even for N = 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 the sets proposed allow an approximation by a finite series of cubic harmonics with high precision.These sets are useful both for experimentalists and theoreticians. Extensive measurements e.g. experiments needing large exposure time are suitably done with a small set whereas theoreticians will prefer the big sets due the large CPU capacities now available. The power of these considerations is illustrated by evaluation of the spherical average of the Compton profile of Cu. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Compton scattering study of ZnSe
Authors: Vyas V. , Purvia V. , Sharma Y. C. , Joshi K. B. , Sharma B. K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this work we report on the Compton scattering study of ZnSe. The Am241 Compton spectrometer, which uses 59.54 keV gamma rays, has been used for the measurements. The data has been compared with the ionic model based calculations for various Zn+x Se–x configurations (x varying from 0 to 2) and also with the Compton profiles computed from the local and non‐local empirical pseudopotential methods. Although, the agreement is better with the local empirical pseudopotential calculation compared to the non‐local method, the best agreement has been found with the ionic model for Zn+2Se–2 configuration suggesting that the bonding in this compound is mainly ionic in nature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The European Conference Physics of Magnetism (PM'05) Poznań, Poland, 24–27 June 2005
Authors: Idzikowski B. , Barnaś J. , Micnas R. , Jezierski A. , Szajek A. , Wojciechowski R. J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPapers presented at The European Conference Physics of Magnetism (PM'05) were published in the January 2006 issues of physica status solidi (b) and (c) [1, 2]. Please find the Preface by the Guest Editors of the Proceedings as well as the listings of Conference Chairs, Committees and Sponsors, which were unintentionally omitted from the journals, reprinted here.
The Analysis of Categorizing Behavior
Authors: Evans Glen T. 
Published: February 2006

Latent partition analysis enables an examination of the modal population categorizations of a set of items. The initial model proposed by Wiley is reformulated, extended and generalized. Firstly, the effects of judges are regarded as random, rather than fixed. In a second model, several latent partitions, rather than one, are allowed, resulting in a type of multidimensional approach. Finally, both the single and multiple partition models are shown to be specializations of a less restrictive model, called the category focusing model. In each of these three cases, properties implicit in the model are used to derive appropriate solution procedures.
Measures of individual differences are considered, and the application of the procedure to experimental work in concept formation is discussed. Several sets of data are used to demonstrate the characteristics of the techniques evolved.
Free amino acid concentrations in blood cells of two brothers with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemia
Authors: Fukuda K. , Nishi Y. , Usui T. , Mishima H. , Hirata H. , Baba S. , Choshi K. , Tanaka Y. , Akiya S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this study we selected blood cells as accessible tissues and measured the free amino acid concentrations in erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes of two patients with gyrate atrophy with hyperornithinaemia. We found that ornithine concentrations were elevated in blood cells, to different degrees depending on the type of cell, and that aspartic acid concentrations were low in erythrocytes. We also investigated the fluctuation of free amino acid concentrations in blood cells up to 24h after the oral administration of ornithine. The ornithine concentration in the blood cells of the patients reached a peak 2 h after the oral administration, and remained high for at least 4 h, although after 2 h the concentration curves differed in the three types of cells.
Immunological evidence for an ornithine transcarbamylase lesion resulting in the formation of enzyme with smaller protein subunits
Authors: Hoogenraad N. , Luisa de Martinis M. , Danks D. M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn unusual form of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was found in a male child who became unconscious at 8 months. Two maternal uncles had died during similar illnesses at 6 years and 11 years, respectively. Detailed studies of the enzyme showed 10% residual activity, a very lowKm for carbamyl phosphate (0.015 mmol/l) and near normal amounts of immunoreactive protein with a smaller than normal subunit (molecular weight 37 800 instead of 39 700). This information was obtained from a 10 mg liver biopsy core using protein separation on SDS‐polyacrylamide gel, electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose filters and probing with antibody to the enzyme. Resolution of the exact mutation causing this change will be of interest to those who are studying the processing of mitochondrial enzymes during transport from the cytoplasm.