bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early effects of imatinib mesylate on the expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 and positron emission tomography in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Trent Jonathan C. , Ramdas Latha , Dupart Jheri , Hunt Kelly , Macapinlac Homer , Taylor Ellen , Hu Limei , Salvado August , Abbruzzese James L. , Pollock Raphael , Benjamin Robert S. , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Imatinib has demonstrated marked clinical efficacy against gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Microarray technology, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) validation, and fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) imaging were used to study the early molecular effects of imatinib antitumor activity in GIST.METHODS.After exposure of sensitive and resistant sarcoma cell lines to imatinib for 24 to 48 hours, the changes in gene expression were evaluated using a 1146 unique pathway array with Western blot validation. Real‐time PCR was used to confirm changes in gene expression in human GIST samples (preimatinib biopsy and postimatinib surgical specimen after 3–7 days of therapy). FDG‐PET was performed to correlate radiographic findings with the effects of imatinib on gene expression in GIST.RESULTS.In all, 55 genes demonstrated a ≥ 2‐fold change after imatinib treatment of the GIST882 cells. Among these genes there was up‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3), a protein that modulates proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot analysis confirmed the increase of IGFBP‐3 only in imatinib‐sensitive GIST882 cells. Up to a 7‐fold induction (49% mean increase; P = .08) of IGFBP‐3 mRNA was found in tumor samples from patients with low residual FDG uptake, whereas there was an up to 12‐fold reduction (−102% mean decrease; P = .03) in IGFBP‐3 in those patients with high residual FDG uptake after imatinib therapy.CONCLUSIONS.In the current study, imatinib appears to regulate numerous genes and specifically induces IGFBP‐3 in GIST cells and tumor samples. IGFBP‐3 levels also were found to be inversely correlated with residual FDG uptake in GIST patients early in imatinib therapy. These initial observations suggest that IGFBP‐3 is an important early marker of antitumor activity of imatinib in GIST. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of thick functionally graded plates by local integral equation method
Authors: Sladek J. , Sladek V. , Hellmich Ch. , Eberhardsteiner J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAnalysis of functionally graded plates under static and dynamic loads is presented by the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method. Plate bending problem is described by Reissner–Mindlin theory. Both isotropic and orthotropic material properties are considered in the analysis. A weak formulation for the set of governing equations in the Reissner–Mindlin theory with a unit test function is transformed into local integral equations considered on local subdomains in the mean surface of the plate. Nodal points are randomly spread on this surface and each node is surrounded by a circular subdomain, rendering integrals which can be simply evaluated. The meshless approximation based on the moving least‐squares (MLS) method is employed in the numerical implementation. Numerical results for simply supported and clamped plates are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some techniques for avoiding dips of antenna radiation efficiency on improved Wheeler method
Authors: Ishii Nozomu , Kaneko Takayuki , Miyakawa Michio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWhen the efficiency of a monopole is measured by determining the radiation efficiency of a small antenna based on a waveguide and a movable short, there are dips at certain frequencies. In this paper, a transmission line model considering the loss in the movable short is introduced and the efficiency dip phenomena are explained. A method for avoiding the dip is presented. When two movable shorts on the left and right inserted into the waveguide are moved, an efficiency dip occurs at the resonant frequency of the cavity. Therefore, the movable range of the two movable shorts that will avoid the efficiency dip is investigated. When one of the movable shorts is fixed at an arbitrary location, there is a dip in the radiation efficiency at a specific frequency. Therefore, it is confirmed that the dip can be avoided by limiting the range of the fixed location of the movable short. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 35–44, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20323
Peripheral B cell receptor editing may promote the production of high‐affinity autoantibodies in CD22‐deficient mice
Authors: Yarkoni Yuval , Fischel Ruth , Kat Inbal , Yachimovich‐Cohen Nurit , Eilat Dan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCD22‐deficient mice are characterized by B cell hyperactivity and autoimmunity. We have constructed knock‐in CD22–/– mice, expressing an anti‐DNA heavy (H) chain (D42), alone or combined with Vκ1‐Jκ1 or Vκ8‐Jκ5 light (L) chains. The Ig‐targeted mice produced a lupus‐like serology that was age‐ and sex‐dependent. High‐affinity IgG autoantibodies were largely dependent on the selection of B cells with a particular H/L combination, in which a non‐transgenic, endogenous L chain was assembled by secondary rearrangements through the mechanism of receptor editing. Moreover, we present evidence that these secondary rearrangements are very prominent in splenic peripheral B cells. Since CD22 is primarily expressed on the surface of peripheral B cells, we propose a model for the development of a lupus‐like autoimmune disease by a combination of peripheral receptor editing and abnormal B cell activation.
Data augmentation for a Bayesian spatial model involving censored observations
Authors: Fridley Brooke L. , Dixon Philip 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSpatial environmental data sometimes include below detection limit observations (i.e., censored values reported as less than a level of detection). Historically, the most common practice for analysis of such data has been to replace the censored observations with some function of the level of detection (LOD), like LOD/2. We show that estimates and standard errors found using this single substitution method are biased. In particular, the spatial variance and variability in estimation is underestimated. We develop a measurement error Bayesian spatial model for the analysis of spatial data with censored values. Parameter estimation and predictions at observed and unobserved locations are computed using a data augmentation (DA) method and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The DA method is illustrated using data from a dioxin contaminated site in Missouri. We also use simulation to investigate the small sample properties of predictions and parameter estimates and the robustness of the DA method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active caspase‐3 is required for osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Szymczyk K.H. , Freeman T.A. , Adams C.S. , Srinivas V. , Steinbeck M.J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBased on our earlier observation that caspase‐3 is present in osteoclasts that are not undergoing apoptosis, we investigated the role of this protein in the differentiation of primary osteoclasts and RAW264.7 cells (Szymczyk KH, et al., 2005, Caspase‐3 activity is necessary for RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation. The Proceedings of the 8th ICCBMT). We noted that osteoclast numbers are decreased in long bones of procaspase‐3 knockout mice and that receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) does not promote differentiation of isolated preosteoclasts. In addition, after treatment with inhibitors of caspase‐3 activity, neither the wild‐type primary nor the RAW264.7 cells express TRAP or became multinucleated. We found that immediately following RANKL treatment, procaspase‐3 is cleaved and the activated protein is localized to lipid regions of the plasma membrane and the cytosol. We developed RAW264.7 procaspase‐3 knockdown clonal cell lines using RNAi technology. Again, treatment with RANKL fails to induce TRAP activity or multinucleation. Finally, we evaluated NF‐κB in procaspase‐3 silenced cells. We found that RANKL treatment prevented activation and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. Together these findings provide direct support for the hypothesis that caspase‐3 activity is required for osteoclast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 836–844, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in intranuclear localization of Runx2 affect biological activity
Authors: Zaidi Sayyed K. , Javed Amjad , Pratap Jitesh , Schroeder Tania M. , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Lian Jane B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe transcription factor Runx2 controls osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Runx2 organizes and assembles gene‐regulatory complexes in nuclear microenvironments where target genes are activated or suppressed in a context‐dependent manner. Intranuclear localization of Runx2 is mediated by the nuclear matrix‐targeting signal (NMTS), an autonomous motif with a loop (L1)‐turn‐loop (L2) structure that forms predicted protein–protein interaction surfaces. Here we examined the functional consequences of introducing mutations in the L1 and L2 loops of the NMTS. These mutant proteins enter the nucleus, interact with the hetero‐dimeric partner Cbfβ, and bind to DNA in vitro and in vivo. In addition, these mutants retain interaction with the carboxy‐terminus interacting co‐regulatory proteins that include TLE, YAP, and Smads. However, two critical mutations in the L2 domain of the NMTS decrease association of Runx2 with the nuclear matrix. These subnuclear targeting defective (STD) mutants of Runx2 compromise target gene activation or repression. The biological significance of these findings is reflected by decreased osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors, concomitant with major changes in gene expression profiles, upon expression of the STD Runx2 mutant. Our results demonstrate that fidelity of temporal and spatial localization of Runx2 within the nucleus is functionally linked with biological activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 935–942, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myogenic differentiation of dermal papilla cells from bovine skin
Authors: Rufaut N.W. , Goldthorpe N.T. , Wildermoth J.E. , Wallace O.A.M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCells from the dermal papilla and dermal sheath of hair follicles exhibit pronounced plasticity in vitro, being capable of adopting fat, bone, hematopoietic, and nerve cell phenotypes. In this study, we show that bovine dermal papilla cells (DPC) are also capable of undergoing skeletal muscle differentiation. DiI labeled DPC incorporated into myotubes when co‐cultured with differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Bovine‐specific PCR assays showed that the muscle markers MyoD and myogenin were up‐regulated, confirming that the DPC had adopted a myogenic gene expression program. Nine clonal lines of DPC underwent both adipogenic and myogenic differentiation, demonstrating the multipotency of individual cells. Primary populations of both DPC and extra‐follicular dermal fibroblasts were also capable of both adipogenic and myogenic differentiation. However, on myogenic differentiation, cells derived from dermal papillae expressed higher levels of myogenin than primary fibroblasts derived from extra‐follicular dermis, suggesting that papilla cells undergo myogenesis more efficiently. This result shows that populations of fibroblastic cells derived from different anatomical sites within the skin are not equivalent with respect to their plasticity. Cultured DPC and dermal fibroblasts both expressed Pax3, a marker for the dermomyotome which represents a common embryological origin of muscle and dermis. Quantitative PCR showed that Pax3 expression levels before myogenic induction correlated with myogenin expression levels after myogenesis. These results suggest that a degree of dedifferentiation may underlie the plasticity of dermal cells in vitro, and that this plasticity may be predicted, at least in part, by levels of Pax3 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 959–968, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Death receptor‐3 mediates apoptosis in human osteoblasts under narrowly regulated conditions
Authors: Borysenko Christopher W. , García‐Palacios Verónica , Griswold Reed D. , Li Yanan , Iyer Anand Krishnan V. , Yaroslavskiy Beatrice B. , Sharrow Allison C. , Blair Harry C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe previously reported that a soluble form of the TNF‐family receptor death receptor‐3 (DR3) is expressed in osteoblasts. DR3 regulates death or differentiation in other tissues, and DR3 ligands occur in bone, but the function of DR3 in the osteoblast was unknown. We studied the expression of DR3 and the effects crosslinking antibodies to DR3 or of natural DR3 ligands in human osteoblasts. Western analysis showed that nontransformed osteoblasts and the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line produce both soluble decoy receptor and transmembrane isoforms of DR3. Cell surface labeling showed that low and high DR3‐expressing osteoblast populations occur. Verification of by cloning showed a point mutation in DR3 from MG63 cells. Activation of DR3 by antibody crosslinking or with DR3 ligands caused apoptosis in osteoblasts and in MG63 cells, but only in low‐density cell cultures. In dense cultures apoptosis did not occur, but nuclear factor‐κB nuclear translocation was observed under some conditions. Crosslinking of DR3 in high‐density MG63 cultures blocked expression of bone matrix elements. DR3 activation in high‐density nontransformed osteoblasts had only minor effects on cell maturation. We conclude that DR3 activation can mediate apoptosis in osteoblasts. Its activity is, however, highly restricted by its soluble ligand‐binding isoform and possibly also by alternate survival signals. In the presence of survival signals, DR3 may affect cell maturation although effects on differentiation were clearly seen only in the MG63 transformed cell line. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 1021–1028, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a membrane‐aerated biofilm reactor to completely mineralise perchloroethylene in wastewaters
Authors: Ohandja D Guy , Stuckey David C 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe feasibility of perchloroethylene (PCE) biodegradation using hybrid aerobic/anaerobic microcosms was investigated. Four main factors were evaluated in batch studies; the type of the electron donor, the nature of the inoculum, the effect of different concentrations of electron donor, and the effect of addition of different concentrations of oxygen. Results from these studies showed that; glucose was the best electron donor for PCE degradation, serum bottles seeded with acclimated biomass performed better than those seeded with the unacclimated biomass, glucose in excess did not improve PCE degradation, and the addition of pure oxygen significantly enhanced degradation. It was observed that serum bottles with acclimated sludge receiving oxygen achieved complete mineralisation of PCE to ethylene with mineralisation rates of 0.27 mg L−1 mg cells−1 h−1. Following these results a membrane‐aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was constructed, and the batch degradation of 5.5 mg L−1 of PCE was followed for 44 days and PCE was completely removed from the system. The appearance of intermediate compounds proved that PCE was degraded, but not completely stripped out from the system. Degradation was not complete as some bio‐products were still found in the effluent, but there was no accumulation of a particular intermediate compound. The PCE removal rate observed in this MABR was 0.24 mg L−1 h−1. During the study on the effect of adding different concentrations of oxygen, a mass balance based on chloride in the bottles revealed that, 92–95% of the PCE could be accounted for, while only 60–65% of the PCE fed in the reactor could be accounted for as chloride. The MABR developed here may prove to have considerable potential in treating wastewater containing a variety of refractory organics such as PCE. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Can you trust your cryostat? Reproducibility of cryostat section thickness
Authors: De Witt Hamer Philip C. , Bleeker Fonnet E. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReproducibility of cryostat section thickness is required for valid quantitative microscopy. This is generally pursued by motorized sectioning using a low but constant speed. The purpose of our study was to compare variation in section thickness between motorized and manual cryostat sectioning. Serial sections were cut from a frozen block of homogenized tissue on different days. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was histochemically detected and calibrated absorbance measurements were taken. The coefficients of variation of measurements was 9.7% for motorized sectioning and 3.3% for manual sectioning. In conclusion, section thickness is similarly reproducible after manual sectioning compared with motorized sectioning, if not better. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Q‐FIHC: Quantification of fluorescence immunohistochemistry to analyse p63 isoforms and cell cycle phases in human limbal stem cells
Authors: Di Iorio Enzo , Barbaro Vanessa , Ferrari Stefano , Ortolani Claudio , De Luca Michele , Pellegrini Graziella 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFluorescence microscopy has long been used for qualitative characterization of various parameters such as subcellular distribution of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and ions. However, quantification of these parameters is complicated by a variety of optical, biological, and physical factors. In the last decade, the progress achieved with powerful softwares and digital image processing systems has facilitated the development of fluorescence immunohistochemistry (FIHC) into a widely used quantitative assay (quantitative‐FIHC or Q‐FIHC). We describe here a rapid and sensitive Q‐FIHC assay based on the use of a laser scanning confocal microscope and advanced image analysis softwares (Zeiss semi automatic LSM 510 and fully automatic Axiovision 4.4) for the detection and quantification of fluorescent intensity in human corneal tissues and cells obtained from small clinical samples. We have used this methodology to characterize and quantify the gene expression profile of p63 and its ΔNα isoform, specific markers of human limbal stem cells. The validity of this method was evaluated through comparative studies with conventional approaches suggesting no significant differences and providing an alternative technique to traditional methods. Since Q‐FIHC requires at least 20‐fold less cells than traditional techniques, we have adopted it as the main quality control for our limbal cultures destined to clinical application. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on motor cortex excitability in writer's cramp: Neurophysiological and clinical correlations
Authors: Tinazzi Michele , Zarattini Stefano , Valeriani Massimiliano , Stanzani Clementina , Moretto Giuseppe , Smania Nicola , Fiaschi Antonio , Abbruzzese Giovanni 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe recently reported that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied over forearm flexor muscles, a paradigm producing in physiological conditions transient changes in corticomotoneuronal excitability of forearm muscles, may improve motor symptoms in writer's cramp (WC). In the present study, we explored the possibility that one or repeated sessions of TENS might have beneficial effects on handwriting in WC by remodulating cortical excitability of forearm agonist and antagonist muscles. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left motor cortex were recorded from the right flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles, before and after 1 and 15 sessions of TENS applied over flexor muscles in patients and in a control group. One session of TENS induced a significant smaller reduction of MEPs from the FCR and a smaller increase of the MEPs from the ECR in patients than in normal subjects. In WC, repeated sessions of TENS had the effect to decrease MEP amplitude in the FCR and to increase it in the ECR. This modulation was paralleled by a handwriting improvement. In conclusion, repeated TENS sessions may have the effect to re‐modulate excitability of the motor cortex in WC and this modulation might partially play a role in temporarily improving the handwriting. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Intravesical glucidic capsaicin versus glucidic solvent in neurogenic detrusor overactivity: A double blind controlled randomized study
Authors: de Sèze Marianne , Gallien Philippe , Denys Pierre , Labat Jean‐Jacques , Serment Gérard , Grise Philippe , Salle Jean‐Yves , Blazejewski Sylvie , Hazane Cécile , Moore Nicholas , Joseph Pierre‐Alain 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsMany studies report the use of alcoholic capsaicin instillation to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, poor tolerability due to the irritative effect of the ethanol solvent limits its use. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new formulation of capsaicin in a glucidic solution in a multicenter clinical trial.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three patients (26MS/7SCI) suffering from urinary incontinence due to refractory NDO were prospectively enrolled in a double‐blind placebo controlled study and randomized to capsaicin group (CG, N = 17) or solvent group (SG, N = 16). They respectively received an intravesical instillation of 100 ml capsaicin diluted in glucidic solvent (CG) or glucidic solvent alone (SG). Efficacy (voiding chart, maximum cystometric capacity (MCC)) and tolerability were evaluated on days 0 (D0), 30 and 90.ResultsOn D0, groups were homogeneous. On D30, significant improvement of overactive bladder syndrome and an increase in MCC were shown in CG, whereas there were no improvement in SG. No significant improvement was shown on D90 in both groups. There were no significant differences between groups regarding prevalence, duration, or intensity of side effects, except for short duration pubic pain during instillation more often reported in CG (58.8%) than in SG (12.5%) (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis placebo controlled study using glucidic capsaicin confirms its short‐term efficacy in NDO patients. Global tolerance of glucidic capsaicin appeared satisfactory. Long‐term efficacy and tolerance of repeated glucidic capsaicin instillations need to be evaluated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:752–757, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.