bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation in the Service of Society
Authors: McLeod John , McLeod Suzette , McLeod John 
Published: March 2008

In our August issue we presented ex cerpts and comments to tell you about a book Modeling the Environment by Andrew Ford, Associate Professor of Environmental Science and Regional Planning at Washington State Univer sity, Pullman, Washington. If you missed that writeup, you can find out all about the book at http:// www.islandpress.org/ford. Or better yet, you can read the very interesting book. What follows is Appendix K from the book, which ap pealed to me particularly because of its perceived potential ity for teaching by appealing to students' penchant for game playing. Individual students, or groups, can compete to achieve goals suggested by the author—and learn a lot about river systems and their control. It would seem that the Idagon model would also lend itself to modification for the study of real river systems. It is de scribed in the following edited excerpt from the book.—JM
Restless Legs Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Implications to Diabetes Educators
Authors: Cuellar Norma G. , Ratcliffe Sarah J. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide a background of restless legs syndrome (RLS), present the prevalence and demographic findings of a descriptive study of type 2 diabetes with RLS, and provide implications to diabetes educators on the management and education of RLS. Methods Participants with type 2 diabetes who met the diagnostic criteria for RLS based on the International RLS Study Group Criteria were recruited from the PENN Rodebaugh Diabetes Center from July 2005 through September 2006. Participants who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were mailed a survey to collect data. Results Of 121 patients with type 2 diabetes, 54 (45%) of the screened sample met the 4 diagnostic criteria for RLS. Of those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the primary study, 18 patients with type 2 diabetes with RLS participated in this study. Along with diabetes, the par- ticipants had a variety of comorbid health conditions including hypertension, neuropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, renal failure, and irritable bowel syndrome. Only one third of the participants were being treated for RLS. Thirty-nine percent of the participants with type 2 diabetes were using insulin to manage their diabetes with other oral agents. Conclusions RLS is a sleep disorder that may affect the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes educators must know that sleep disorders can affect long-term health outcomes, and RLS is frequently seen in this cohort of patients.
A Qualitative Assessment of Barriers and Facilitators to Achieving Behavior Goals Among Obese Inner-City Adolescents in a Weight Management Program
Authors: Alm Mary , Soroudi Nafisseh , Wylie-Rosett Judith , Isasi Carmen R. , Suchday Sonia , Rieder Jessica , Khan Unab 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the reasons for managing weight, (2) to investigate the barriers and facilitators to achieving behavior goals, and (3) to assess how a behavior coach affects the goalsetting process of obese innercity adolescents in a weight management program. Methods Obese adolescents participating in a pilot study assessing the role of a behavior coach on successful weight management (n = 18) were interviewed to identify barriers and facilitators to reaching behavior goals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Results In the rationale for weight control, adolescent girls and boys reported a desire to improve physical appearance and physical conditioning, respectively. Barriers to reaching physical activity goals among girls included unsafe neighborhoods and a negative body image. Maintaining unrealistic behavior and weight goals hindered satisfaction with behavior change and weight loss in both genders. Overall, coaching provided support that helped the obese teens feel more successful in the goalsetting process and address issues related to their disruptive environments. Conclusions Diabetes educators can include a behavior coach as part of a weight management program to help teens set behavior goals and overcome barriers to reaching behavior goals.
Family Interactions Among African Americans Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jones Randy A. , Utz Sharon W. , Williams Ishan C. , Hinton Ivora , Alexander Gina , Moore Cynthia , Blankenship Jean , Steeves Rick , Oliver Norman 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of family and friends on the management of persons with diabetes and their willingness to be involved in a culturally tailored program. Methods This qualitative study was based within a larger quasi-experimental study that focused on the impact of a culturally tailored group intervention compared with individual standard diabetes education on the outcomes of self-management and glycemic control among rural African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Twenty-one participants were randomly assigned to an individual education group or a culturally tailored intervention group. Family members/ peers (n = 6) attended invited group sessions to obtain information about diabetes and family/peer support. The facilitator of the invited group sessions used a guide to help with group discussions. The investigators used an iterative approach to enhance the examination of the responses from the discussion guide, thus identifying recurring themes within the participants' responses. Results The data revealed that family and friends made a difference in the diabetes management of individuals with dia- betes. Although family and friends may have been helpful at times, they also created moments of problems and an environment that made it more difficult to care for diabetes. The data also revealed that diabetes is hard to manage and control. Participants reported that taking medications and being aware of types of foods to keep a well-maintained glucose level were often challenging. Conclusions These findings confirm that family and peers greatly influence diabetes management among rural African Americans. The study's results will help health care providers understand the importance of involving family members and friends in the treatment and diabetes management of individuals with type 2 diabetes, particularly within rural African American communities where resources are limited.
Unexplained Hyperglycemia in Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Ponder Stephen W. , Skyler Jay S. , Kruger Davida F. , Matheson Della , Brown Bruce W. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this review study was to determine and categorize common causes of intermittent hyperglycemia and suggest potential measures to prevent and treat the identified causes. Methods A literature review was conducted to obtain relevant information on hyperglycemia and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Medical departments from Novo/Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, and Sanofi/Aventis were contacted requesting information on their insulin temperature stability, the compatibility of insulin with insulin/pump reservoirs, and tubing sets/catheters. Endocri- nologists, Certified Diabetes Educators, and pump manufacturing company trainers were interviewed for their clinical observations and to determine the incidence of reported hyperglycemia and relationships to pump failures. Results Causes of intermittent hyperglycemia in CSII patients included problems with mechanical evaluation of the pump, basal/bolus review, reservoir/tubing, catheter site selection/placement, and insulin compatibility/stability. Conclusions As more patients and health care providers strive to improve control of diabetes, use of insulin pump therapy will continue to increase. Unexplained hyperglycemia will continue to occur, which can lead to increased health care costs due to complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Evaluation of patient techniques and pump programming can uncover many potential causes, and the health care provider can assist in patient education to prevent further episodes.
A Review of Systematic Reviews Evaluating Diabetes Interventions
Authors: Magwood Gayenell S. , Zapka Jane , Jenkins Carolyn 
Published: March 2008

Purpose This article reviews the literature on definitions and issues related to measurement of quality of life in people with diabetes and summarizes reviews of evidence of intervention studies, with a particular focus on interven- tions targeted for underserved and minority populations. Methods An integrative literature review of reviews was conducted on adult diabetes interventions and outcomes. Five electronic databases were searched. Eligible publications were those published between 1999 and 2006 that described outcome measures. Twelve review articles are included. Results Review studies were heterogeneous in terms of intervention type, content, participants, setting, and outcome measures. Interventions used variable operational definitions and frequently lacked adequate description; therefore, comparisons of findings proved difficult. A clinical outcome, A1C, was the most frequently assessed, with little inclusion of quality-of-life measures. Several reviews and independent studies did not explicitly con- sider interventions aimed at the underserved. When quality of life was considered, measures and operational definition of domains were limited. Conclusions Understanding the relationship between interventions and resulting outcomes, particularly quality of life, will require attention to operational definitions and better conceptual models. There is an evidence base emerging about important characteristics of effective intervention programs. This evidence base can guide public health and clinical program planners to better understand and make prudent decisions about assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions for people with complex chronic illnesses such as diabetes.
Creative women in changing societies: a personal reflection
Authors: El Sadaawi Nawal 
Published: March 2008

Nawal El Sadaawi was born in the village of Kafr Tahla, on the banks of the Nile. Refusing to accept the limitations that both religious and colonial oppression imposed on women of rural origin, Nawal qualified as a doctor and rose to be Egypt's Director of Public Health. Since she first began writing twenty-five years ago, her books (six novels and five collections of short stories) have concentrated on women. It was her campaigning as a doctor, a creative writer and a feminist that brought her into conflict with the Egyptian authorities. She was the first Arab woman to denounce female circumcision and other similar practices in her first non-fiction work, Woman and Sex, published in 1972. This evoked such antagonism from the political and religious authorities that she was deprived of her job as Director of Health Education and the right to publish the magazine, Health. Undeterred, she followed this book with four others on similar themes (all in Arabic): Female is the Origin, Women and Neurosis, Man and Sex and The Naked Face of Women in the Arab World. The first work to be published in English is The Hidden Face of Eve: women in the Arab world (London, Zed Press, 1980). Race & Class talked to Nawal in London when she was reflecting on the ways her views were being treated in the West, and our interview with her is published in the next section. The article which follows is an edited version of a paper delivered at the UNITAR Seminar on 'Creative women in changing societies', held in Oslo, 9-13 July 1980.
What's happening in Atlanta?
Authors: Bambara Toni Cade 
Published: March 2008

Since Summer 1979 the working-class black community of Atlanta (a 'convention' city, which aims to project an image of middle-class pros perity and comfort) has suffered a continuing series of murders and ab ductions of its children. One year after the first bodies were discovered, due to increasing public protest and criticism of police ineptitude, an official Task Force was set up to investigate the killings. In February 1982 this was disbanded. Official figures claim that twenty-nine young people (mostly boys aged 9-14) were murdered in the period July 1979-June 1981 — until, that is, a black photographer, Wayne Williams, was arrested, charged with two of the murders and in February 1982 convicted. After the trial the media reported that the authorities were satisfied that Williams was guilty of at least twenty-six cases. The verdict is be ing appealed and it is expected that information about the multiple series of murders that have taken place throughout the three-year period, particularly those that occurred while Williams was in jail, will come up in the defence case. Before, during and after the trial, a number of community forums focused on the stark discrepancy bet ween 'official' and 'actual' versions and protested the arrest, trial and verdict. Community estimates of the death toll - the black parents of Atlanta had from the first organised their own increasingly dynamic campaign to stop the murders - had put the numbers far higher. Many girls, young women and young men have also been murdered, but excluded from the official death toll as not fitting the 'pattern' (an arbitrary characterisation of the killings produced under media pressure). What the community records demonstrate is that the killings did not cease with the arrest and imprisonment of Wayne Williams - they are even now going on. Since this article was written a number of families have petitioned the Attorney-General for an investigation into the murders, and the present chief of police has, in response to intense community pressure, invited a citizen's Task Force to assist in investigating the murder of seven women. Community forces hope to use this oppor tunity to pry open the whole case. This article is taken from Toni Cade Bambara's forthcoming book on the Atlanta killings (to be published by Random House). Cast part ly in fictional form, it is based on the experiences, records and ongoing work of the STOP campaign against the murders, of which she was, and is, an active member.
UK commentary
Authors: Usher Graham 
Published: March 2008

After fifteen years wrongful imprisonment in English gaols, the Guildford Four - Patrick Armstrong, Gerard Conlon, Paul Hill and Carole Richardson - were finally freed on 17 October 1989 when their convictions for the IRA pub bombings in Guildford and Woolwich were quashed by the Court of Appeal. The Director of Public Prosecutions had decided not to sustain the convictions, after major irregularities had been uncovered in the ways police had obtained their original confessions. The four had been arrested and charged with murder and other offences arising out of the bombing of two pubs in Guildford in October 1974, in which five people were killed. Hill and Armstrong were also charged with murder arising out of a similar pub bombing in Woolwich a month later. These bombings were part of a major IRA campaign on mainland Britain (which also included the Birmingham pub bombing in which twenty-one people died) and which continued beyond the arrest of the four. The Guildford Four received life sentences, the trial judge noting that had it not been for the abolition of capital punishment they would have been sentenced to hang. The four had always strongly asserted their innocence and insisted that their confessions had been obtained by force. A lengthy campaign had been waged for their release. Race & Class spoke to Gareth Pierce, solicitor for Gerard Conlon and other Irish prisoners, about the case and its implications, and about the policing of the Irish community in Britain.
Endovascular Repair of Hemodialysis Graft-Related Pseudoaneurysm: An Alternative Treatment Strategy in Salvaging Failing Dialysis Access
Authors: Barshes Neal R. , Annambhotla Suman , Bechara Carlos , Kougias Panagiotis , Huynh Tam T. , Dardik Alan , Silva Michael B. , Lin Peter H. 
Published: March 2008

Introduction Hemodialysis access—related pseudoaneurysm is a known complication in patients requiring hemodialysis via prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). The traditional treatment strategy of AVG-related pseudoaneurysms is either AVG ligation or interposition replacement with another prosthetic graft segment or autogenous veins. Patients and methods From June 2002 to August 2007, 32 self-expanding stent grafts were implanted in 26 patients with AVG pseudoaneurysms. Indications for treatment consisted of large AVG pseudoaneurysm size, localized pain at pseudoaneurysm site, enlarging pseudoaneurysm, and skin site breakdown. AVG pseudoaneurysm exclusion was accomplished with Wallgrafts, Viabahn endoprosthesis, and Fluency endograft. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Nineteen patients experienced a marked decrease in the size of their pseudoaneurysm following endograft exclusion. Successful hemodialysis was resumed through endograft-excluded AVG in all patients within 48 hours. Conclusions Endoluminal exclusion of AVG pseudoaneurysms using endografts is a safe and effective treatment strategy in patients with hemodialysis-related pseudoaneurysm.
Investigation of hard drive disk surface oxidation on magnetic recording properties
Authors: Tan A. H. , Chen C. S. , Lee C. K. 
Published: March 2008

Hard drive disk magnetic recording properties are strongly related to disk surface oxidation, and becomes more sensitive as the areal recording density continues to increase progressively in hard disk drives. Disk cleaning processes with and without H2O2 chemical cleaning solutions were used on textured NiP/Al substrates to study the effects of surface oxidation on the performance of the hard disk. Atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and Guzik are employed to elucidate the surface morphology, oxide composition, magnetic orientation ratio and related magnetic recording properties. Based on the results, cleaning without H2O2 chemical solutions offers a lower surface oxidation, more uniform surface morphology, higher orientation ratio and better magnetic recording properties as compared to cleaning with H2O2 chemical solutions. A lower direct current erase noise is the major contributing factor for the resulting signal noise ratio improvement when H2O2 was not added in cleaning process.
Chemokine-mediated rapid turnover of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Sawanobori Yasushi , Ueha Satoshi , Kurachi Makoto , Shimaoka Takeshi , Talmadge James E. , Abe Jun , Shono Yusuke , Kitabatake Masahiro , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Mukaida Naofumi , Matsushima Kouji 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Tumor growth is associated with aberrant myelopoiesis, including the accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that have the potential to promote tumor growth. However, the identity, growth, and migration of tumor-associated MDSCs remain undefined. We demonstrate herein that MDSCs at tumor site were composed primarily of bone marrow-derived CD11b+Gr-1hiLy-6Cint neutrophils and CD11b+Gr-1int/dullLy-6Chi macrophages. Unexpectedly, in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and parabiosis experiments revealed that tumor-infiltrating macrophages were replenished more rapidly than neutrophils. CCR2 deficiency caused striking conversion of infiltrating cellular dominance from macrophages to neutrophils in the tumor with the excessive production of CXCR2 ligands and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the tumor without affecting tumor growth. Overall, our data established the identity and dynamics of MDSCs in a tumor-bearing host mediated by chemokines and elucidated unexpected effects of the paucity of macrophages on tumor development.
Comprehensive evaluation of genetic variation in S100A7 suggests an association with the occurrence of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Bryborn Malin , Halldén Christer , Säll Torbjörn , Adner Mikael , Cardell Lars Olaf 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
S100A7 is a calcium-binding protein with chemotactic and antimicrobial properties. S100A7 protein levels are decreased in nasal lavage fluid from individuals with ongoing allergic rhinitis, suggesting a role for S100A7 in allergic airway inflammation. The aims of this study were to describe genetic variation in S100A7 and search for associations between this variation and allergic rhinitis.

Methods
Peripheral blood was collected from 184 atopic patients with a history of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis and 378 non-atopic individuals, all of Swedish origin. DNA was extracted and the S100A7 gene was resequenced in a subset of 47 randomly selected atopic individuals. Nine polymorphisms were genotyped in 184 atopic and 378 non-atopic individuals and subsequently investigated for associations with allergic rhinitis as well as skin prick test results. Haplotypes were estimated and compared in the two groups.

Results
Thirteen polymorphisms were identified in S100A7, of which 7 were previously undescribed. rs3014837 (G/C), which gives rise to an Asp → Glu amino acid shift, had significantly increased minor allele frequency in atopic individuals. The major haplotype, containing the major allele at all sites, was more common in non-atopic individuals, while the haplotype containing the minor allele at rs3014837 was equally more common among the atopic individuals. Additionally, heterozygotes at this site had significantly higher scores in skin prick tests for 9 out of 11 tested allergens, compared to homozygotes.

Conclusion
This is the first study describing genetic variation, associated with allergy, in S100A7. The results indicate that rs3014837 is linked to allergic rhinitis in our Swedish population and render S100A7 a strong candidate for further investigations regarding its role in allergic inflammation.
Extracellular ATP reduces HIV-1 transfer from immature dendritic cells to CD4+T lymphocytes
Authors: Barat Corinne , Gilbert Caroline , Imbeault Michael , Tremblay Michel J 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) are considered as key mediators of the early events in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection at mucosal sites. Previous studies have shown that surface-bound virions and/or internalized viruses found in endocytic vacuoles of DCs are efficiently transferred to CD4+T cells. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) either secreted or released from necrotic cells induces a distorted maturation of DCs, transiently increases their endocytic capacity and affects their migratory capacity. Knowing that high extracellular ATP concentrations are present in situations of tissue injury and inflammation, we investigated the effect of ATP on HIV-1 transmission from DCs to CD4+T lymphocytes.ResultsIn this study, we show that extracellular ATP reduces HIV-1 transfer from immature monocyte-derived DCs (iDCs) to autologous CD4+T cells. This observed decrease in viral replication was related to a lower proportion of infected CD4+T cells following transfer, and was seen with both X4- and R5-tropic isolates of HIV-1. Extracellular ATP had no effect on direct CD4+T cell infection as well as on productive HIV-1 infection of iDCs. These observations indicate that extracellular ATP affects HIV-1 infection of CD4+T cellsin transwith no effect onde novovirus production by iDCs. Additional experiments suggest that extracellular ATP might modulate the trafficking pathway of internalized virions within iDCs leading to an increased lysosomal degradation, which could be partly responsible for the decreased HIV-1 transmission.ConclusionThese results suggest that extracellular ATP can act as a factor controlling HIV-1 propagation.