bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Theory
Authors: Fenz Daniel M. , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe principles of operation and force–displacement relationships of three novel spherical sliding isolation bearings are developed in this paper. These bearings are completely passive devices, yet exhibit adaptive stiffness and adaptive damping. That is, the stiffness and damping change to predictable values at calculable and controllable displacement amplitudes. The primary benefit of adaptive behavior is that a given isolation system can be separately optimized for multiple performance objectives and/or multiple levels of ground shaking. With the devices presented here, this is accomplished using technology that is inherently no more complex than what is currently used by the civil engineering profession. The internal construction consists of various concave
surfaces and behavior is dictated by the different combinations of surfaces upon which sliding can occur over the course of motion. As the surfaces upon which sliding occurs change, the stiffness and effective friction change accordingly. A methodology is presented for determining which surfaces are active at any given time based on the effective radius of curvature, coefficient of friction and displacement capacity of each sliding surface. The force–displacement relationships and relevant parameters of interest are subsequently derived based on the first principles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating digital forecasting method of electromagnetic connectors' contacts durability
Authors: Wroblewski Zbigniew , Siwak Piotr 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a simulating method of forecasting durability of main contact assembly of electromagnetic connectors is presented on the basis of laboratory‐curtailed inspection. New multi‐parameter simulating model to forecasting the durability of contacts of electromagnetic connectors is presented. MATHCAD application was utilized during inspections. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effect of long‐term contract offered to pivotal suppliers on mitigating market power
Authors: Nam Young Woo , Park Jong‐Keun , Yoon Yong Tae , Song Kwang‐Jae 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe market power by large suppliers remains to be problematic in establishing an efficient competitive market for electricity. The exercise of market power is often facilitated due to a few notable properties of electricity as a tradable commodity. The pivotal supplier whose capacity exceeds the market's surplus of capacity above inelastic demand can strategically withhold its capacity and cause an undesirable price spike. This paper presents a methodology for determining an adequate amount of mandatory long‐term contract to be used to mitigate the market power of the pivotal supplier and to eliminate the undesirable price spike. Using the Cournot model, the effect of mandatory long‐term contracts is measured with respect to market equilibrium for the pivotal monopoly in which there is only one pivotal supplier and for the pivotal duopoly in which two suppliers join together and become pivotal. Applying the methodology described in the paper, the market efficiency is assured as the pivotal supplier that no longer has the incentive to cause the undesirable price spike. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault‐tolerant operation of multicell‐inverters with a space phasor modulator
Authors: Correa Pablo , Pacas Mario , Rodríguez José 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new space phasor modulation (SPM) scheme for the operation of the H‐bridge multicell inverter under fault conditions. The topology of this inverter consists of several single‐phase H‐bridge inverters which can be independently bypassed if a fault is detected. As this action may result in an asymmetrical inverter topology, a new method based on the SPM is proposed to avoid voltage unbalances. Simulations and experimental results obtained in a five‐level multicell inverter prototype validate the proposed fault‐tolerant method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomised leader progression model for backflashover studies
Authors: Cotton Ian , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInsulation coordination models are an essential part of power system studies and are used to determine the risk of damage to plant during abnormal conditions such as those experienced when lightning strikes the power system. One model used to predict the performance of an overhead line when hit by lightning examines the likelihood of a backflashover; the breakdown of an insulator coordination gap due to a rise in tower potential in comparison to a phase conductor. A backflashover model has many components that must be accurately modelled including the lightning strike, the tower, the shield wire/phase conductors, the insulator coordination gaps and the tower earthing system. Of all of these, the only two significant challenges are the accurate modelling of the insulator coordination gaps and the tower earthing system (the soil ionisation mechanism in particular). This paper focuses on the simulation of the insulator coordination gap for which available models range from a simple voltage controlled switch to the more complex leader progression model (LPM). The paper details the use of experimental data to produce a modified LPM in which certain model parameters are randomly varied. The development of this model using laboratory data is detailed, as is the effect that using this model has on the results of two insulation coordination studies that relate to backflashovers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One size does not fit all: Managing IT employees' employment arrangements
Authors: Prasad Jayesh , Enns Harvey G. , Ferratt Thomas W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAs alternative employment arrangements proliferate within the information technology (IT) function, it becomes increasingly important to understand the impact of these arrangements on IT employees. A prevalent notion in the IT literature is that these employees are homogeneous in their work values and that they prefer similar employment arrangements. Given the inefficiency of designing individual employment programs, we advocate a middle ground between the two extremes of individualized employment arrangements and “one size fits all.” We conducted two studies. The first study developed an individual's work values profile as a psychological construct. It used a national sample of IT employees to validate a simple, heuristic procedure that was successful in classifying about 80% of the sample into three work values profiles.The second study demonstrated the use of work values profiles for understanding how employment arrangements differentially influence employee satisfaction. It applied the validated procedure to a single organization in order to demonstrate the general applicability of the procedure and to show that it provides researchers and HR professionals with better insights than the assumption that all IT employees are alike. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Firm‐specific human capital and compensation organizational tenure profiles: An archival analysis of salary data for it
Authors: Slaughter Sandra A. , Ang Soon , Fong Boh Wai 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe examine determinants of IT compensation using archival salary data from 2,251 IT professionals in Singapore. Consistent with human capital theory, we find that professionals in IT jobs requiring more firm‐specific human capital are paid more than those in jobs requiring less firm‐specific human capital. Moreover, compensation increases with organizational tenure at an increasing rate for professionals in higher firm‐specific human capital IT jobs, but at a decreasing rate for those in lower firm‐specific human capital IT jobs. Our results reveal firm‐specific human capital as a primary determinant of compensation and a moderator of IT compensation‐organizational tenure profiles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Of races to run and battles to be won: Technical skill updating, stress, and coping of IT professionals
Authors: Tsai Hsing‐Yi , Compeau Deborah , Haggerty Nicole 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe expectation on today's information technology (IT) professionals to remain technically competent constitutes a significant source of stress. We examine how IT professionals experience and cope with the threat of technical obsolescence. Interestingly, not all IT professionals consider technology change a threat to their technical competence; some viewed updating as enjoyable and pursued learning for its own sake. However, most viewed the relentless demand to update their technical skills as stressful and used a variety of coping strategies to address this threat. Using this cognitive approach to technical obsolescence, we describe implications for managerial practice and delineate a direction for future research. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing human resources in information technology: Best practices of high performing supervisors
Authors: Major Debra A. , Davis Donald D. , Germano Lisa M. , Fletcher Thomas D. , Sanchez‐Hucles Janis , Mann Joan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFocus groups with information technology (IT) professionals and interviews with high‐performing IT supervisors were content‐analyzed to discover best supervisory practices.The focus is on how these best practices address challenges commonly confronted in the IT work environment. Consistent with classic leadership theory, best practices fell into two major categories: task‐focused (boundary spanning, performance management, employee involvement, training and development) and person‐focused (relationship building, mentoring, stress management, work‐family balance) practices. Results demonstrate that while leadership practices effective with other types of professionals also are appropriate for IT professionals, these practices can be tailored to address unique IT demands. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing work‐life conflict among information technology workers
Authors: Messersmith Jake 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAs organizations continue to emphasize information technology (IT) to help them compete, IT professionals are being asked to overcome a growing list of challenges. This unrelenting emphasis on IT initiatives often results in longer working hours and around‐the‐clock support, placing IT workers at risk of suffering from work‐life conflict. Human resource managers must skillfully manage this issue, with a particular focus on mitigating the consequences associated with work‐life conflict. This article provides an analysis of the antecedents to work‐life conflict in the IT profession, as well as solutions that organizations may implement to increase the work‐life balance of IT professionals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personal sun exposure and risk of non Hodgkin lymphoma: A pooled analysis from the Interlymph Consortium
Authors: Kricker Anne , Armstrong Bruce K. , Hughes Ann Maree , Goumas Chris , Smedby Karin Ekström , Zheng Tongzhang , Spinelli John J. , De Sanjosé Sylvia , Hartge Patricia , Melbye Mads , Willett Eleanor V. , Becker Nikolaus , Chiu Brian C.H. , Cerhan James R. , Maynadié Marc , Staines Anthony , Cocco Pierluigi , Boffeta Paolo ,   for the Interlymph Consortium
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn 2004–2007 4 independent case‐control studies reported evidence that sun exposure might protect against NHL; a fifth, in women only, found increased risks of NHL associated with a range of sun exposure measurements. These 5 studies are the first to examine the association between personal sun exposure and NHL. We report here on the relationship between sun exposure and NHL in a pooled analysis of 10 studies participating in the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph), including the 5 published studies. Ten case‐control studies covering 8,243 cases and 9,697 controls in the USA, Europe and Australia contributed original data for participants of European origin to the pooled analysis. Four kinds of measures of self‐reported personal sun exposure were assessed at interview. A two‐stage estimation method was used in which study‐specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders including smoking and alcohol use, were obtained from unconditional logistic regression models and combined in random‐effects models to obtain the pooled estimates. Risk of NHL fell significantly with the composite measure of increasing recreational sun exposure, pooled OR = 0.76 (95% CI 0.63–0.91) for the highest exposure category (p for trend 0.01). A downtrend in risk with increasing total sun exposure was not statistically significant. The protective effect of recreational sun exposure was statistically significant at 18–40 years of age and in the 10 years before diagnosis, and for B cell, but not T cell, lymphomas. Increased recreational sun exposure may protect against NHL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral load of episomal and integrated forms of human papillomavirus type 33 in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix
Authors: Khouadri Soraya , Villa Luisa L. , Gagnon Simon , Koushik Anita , Richardson Harriet , Matlashewski Greg , Roger Michel , Ferenczy Alex S. , Franco Eduardo L. , Coutlée François 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe association between total and integrated HPV‐33 DNA loads and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the uterine cervix was investigated. Of 5,347 women recruited in 4 studies, 89 (64 without SIL, 7 low‐grade SIL (LSIL), 15 HSIL, 3 unknown grade) were infected by HPV‐33. HPV‐33 E6, HPV‐33 E2 and β‐globin DNA were measured with real‐time PCR that allowed to assess total (E6), episomal (E2) and integrated (E6–E2) HPV‐33 viral loads. HPV‐33 E6/E2 ratios ≥≥2.0 suggesting the presence of integrated HPV‐33 were obtained for 28.6% (n = 18) of women without SIL and 21.4% (n = 3) of women with HSIL (p = 0.74). Although median viral loads were similar, there was a trend toward having a greater proportion of women with HSIL in the fourth quartile (≥≥106.69 copies/μg DNA) of total HPV‐33 viral loads compared to normal women. Controlling for age, site, ethnicity and LCR polymorphism by logistic regression, HPV‐33 total loads in the fourth quartile {odds ratio (OR) 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–17.3]; p = 0.03} and episomal loads in the fourth quartile (≥≥106.64 copies/μg DNA) [OR 3.9 (95% CI 1.1–13.2); p = 0.05] but not integrated HPV‐33 load in the fourth quartile [OR 1.0 (95% CI 0.3–3.3); p = 0.50] were associated with HSIL. Controlling for age, study site and SIL grade, HPV‐33 episomal load [OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.5), p = 0.0004] was associated with the presence of HPV‐33 integration. High episomal loads in HSIL and the presence of integration in women without SIL are likely to weaken the usefulness of HPV load of integrated forms in clinical practice. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of education level on breast cancer risk and survival in Sweden between 1990 and 2004
Authors: Hussain Shehnaz K. , Altieri Andrea , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOn account of limited recent data regarding the role of education in breast cancer risk and prognosis, we conducted this study to assess the association between education level and in situ and invasive breast cancer risk and invasive breast cancer survival, using the 2006 update of the Swedish Family‐Cancer Database. Cox's proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for age, time‐period, parity, age at first birth, county of residence, and family history of breast cancer. Compared to women completing less than 9 years of education, university graduates were more likely to be diagnosed with in situ (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28–1.63) and invasive (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.20–1.36) breast cancer, and the lack of homogeneity between these two HRs was statistically significant, p = 0.007. Further stratification revealed that the lack of homogeneity was greatest for breast cancers diagnosed before age 50. Compared to women completing less than 9 years of education, university graduates were associated with the highest survival following a breast cancer diagnosis (lowest fatality hazard ratio), HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.75. Further research is warranted to elucidate possible behaviors or characteristics associated with education that could explain the differences in incidence and survival, such as compliance with cancer screening. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ANXA7 expression represents hormone‐relevant tumor suppression in different cancers
Authors: Srivastava Meera , Torosyan Yelizaveta , Raffeld Mark , Eidelman Ofer , Pollard Harvey B. , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTumor suppressor function of ubiquitously expressed Annexin‐A7, ANXA7 (10q21) that is involved in exocytosis and membrane fusion was based on cancer prone phenotype in Anxa7(+/−) mice as well as ANXA7 role in human prostate and breast cancers. To clarify ANXA7 biomarker and tumor suppressor function, we analyzed its expression pattern in comparison to the prostate‐specific biomarker NKX3.1. Immunohistochemistry‐based ANXA7 and NKX3.1 protein expression was analyzed on human tissue microarrays of 4,061 specimens from a wide spectrum of the histopathologically well‐characterized tumors in different stages compared to corresponding normal tissues. Decreased ANXA7 expression was mostly associated with high invasive potential in multiple tumors. Although some metastases retained relatively high ANXA7 rates compared to primary cancer tissues, the lymph node metastases from different sites (including prostate and breast) had decreased ANXA7 expression in comparison to the intact lymphatic tissues. Major ANXA7 downregulation pattern was deviated in tumors of glandular (especially neuroendocrine) origin. ANXA7 and NKX3.1 proteins were synexpressed in the male urogenital system and adrenal gland. Gene expression profiling in prostate and breast cancers (SMD) revealed distinct hormone‐related profiles for NKX3.1 and ANXA7, where ANXA7 expression correlated with steroid sulfatase which has a pivotal role in steroidogenesis. Abundant protein presence in adrenal gland and its loss in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer indicated that ANXA7 can be relevant to steroidogenesis and androgen sensitivity in particular. With tumor suppressor pattern validated in different tumors, ANXA7 can be an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target associated with the hormone and/or neurotransmitter‐mediated modulation of tumorigenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrillin‐rich microfibrils: Structural determinants of morphogenetic and homeostatic events
Authors: Ramirez Francesco , Dietz Harry C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFibrillin‐rich microfibrils are specialized extracellular matrix assemblies that endow connective tissues with mechanical stability and elastic properties, and that participate in the regulation of organ formation, growth and homeostasis. Their physiological importance is underscored by the complex spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with mutations of fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 in Marfan syndrome (MFS) and congenital contractural arachnodactyly, respectively. Early evidence suggested that fibrillin‐1 mutations in MFS lead to loss of tissue integrity by perturbing microfibril assembly and function. Recent studies in genetically targeted mice have however revealed that fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 mutations perturb signaling events mediated by TGF‐β superfamily members. As such, these studies have established a new biological paradigm whereby fibrillin‐rich microfibrils are structural networks that specify the local concentration and timely release of signaling molecules during morphogenesis and tissue remodeling. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of fibrillin‐rich microfibrils in development and disease, as well as exciting new applications in the clinical management of MFS and related connective tissue disorders. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 326–330, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA methylation: The nuts and bolts of repression
Authors: Miranda Tina Branscombe , Jones Peter A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic modification which plays an important role in chromatin organization and gene expression. DNA methylation can silence genes and repetitive elements through a process which leads to the alteration of chromatin structure. The mechanisms which target DNA methylation to specific sites in the genome are not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms which lead to the long‐term silencing of genes and will survey the progression that has been made in determining the targeted mechanisms for de novo DNA methylation. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 384–390, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A hitchhiker's guide through advances and conceptual changes in chemotaxis
Authors: Eisenbach Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemotaxis is a basic recognition process, governed by protein network that translates molecular‐based information on the surrounding environment into a guided motional response of the recipient cell or organism. This process is prevalent from bacteria to human beings. Some of the chemotaxis systems—like that of the bacterium Escherichia coli—are well established; others—like that of mammalian sperm cells—are at their relatively early stages of research. In contrast to mammalian sperm chemotaxis, where studies have so far been limited to the phenomenological level primarily, the model of bacterial chemotaxis is known down to the angstrom resolution. Despite this difference in depth of understanding, many fundamental questions are open not only in the new but also in the old chemotaxis fields of research, and recent advances in them are raising additional intriguing questions. This review summarizes some of these surprises and previously unasked or overlooked questions, and as such it offers a guided tour through conceptual changes in chemotaxis. J. Cell. Physiol. 213:574–580. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epithelial–mesenchymal interconversions in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian carcinomas: An exception to the norm
Authors: Ahmed Nuzhat , Thompson Erik W. , Quinn Michael A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCancer that arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) accounts for approximately 90% of human ovarian cancer, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths among women in developed countries. The pathophysiology of epithelial ovarian cancer is still unclear because of the poor understanding of the complex nature of its development and the unusual mechanism(s) of disease progression. Recent studies have reported epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured OSE and ovarian cancer cell lines in response to various stimuli, but our understanding of the importance of these observations for normal ovarian physiology and cancer progression is not well established. This review highlights the current literature on EMT‐associated events in normal OSE and ovarian cancer cell lines, and discusses its implication for normal ovarian function as well as acquisition of neoplastic phenotypes. The pathological changes in OSE in response to EMT during neoplastic transformation and the contribution of hormones, growth factors, and cytokines that initiate and drive EMT to sustain normal ovarian function, as well as cancer development and progression are also discussed. Finally, emphasis is placed on the clinical implications of EMT and potential therapeutic opportunities that may arise from these observations have been proposed. J. Cell. Physiol. 213:581–588. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.