bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P50: PAX9 Activates Cell Death via Autophagic Degradation of EGFR in Oral squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bhol Chandra Sekhar , Sethi Gautam , Bhutia Sujit Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
PAired boX 9 (PAX9) gene belongs to the PAX family and is critically essential for physiology and development. It has a significant role in maintaining squamous cell differentiation, and its downregulation is associated with tumor initiation and malignant transformation. In this study, we have analyzed the tumor suppressive potential of PAX9 by activating autophagy-dependent apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PAX9 overexpression inhibited cell growth and triggered apoptosis in OSCC. Moreover, PAX9 restricted orosphere formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in OSCC. Similarly, overexpression of PAX9 in OSCC induced autophagy activation and displayed enhanced lysosomal function in the transcriptional-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, PAX9-activated autophagy caused EGFR degradation leading to OSCC inhibition, thus establishing that PAX9 could induce lethal autophagy. In addition, PAX9 involves chemosensitizing OSCC to anticancer drugs, which exhibited profound growth inhibitory potential in OSCC. To check the status of PAX9 expression in OSCC in patient tissue, we performed IHC, and surprisingly, the expression of PAX9 was found to decreased in a higher grade of cancer tissues compared to the normal tissues. Further, we established a DMBA-induced oral carcinoma in hamster model, and it was observed that the expression of PAX9 was decreased in the 12th and 16th weeks of DMBA-exposed tissue compared to the normal tissue. On a mechanistic view, PAX9 expression was reduced with enhanced expression of DNMT1 in exposure to carcinogen in OSCC in vitro, indicating a potential association of methylation in controlling the expression of PAX9 during carcinogenesis.
Citation Format: Chandra Sekhar Bhol, Gautam Sethi, Sujit Kumar Bhutia. PAX9 Activates Cell Death via Autophagic Degradation of EGFR in Oral squamous Cell Carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of Frontiers in Cancer Science; 2023 Nov 6-8; Singapore. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(8_Suppl):Abstract nr P50.
Abstract P65: Single Cell Profiling Reveals Unique TCR Repertoire and Transcriptomic Signatures of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific T cells (EBVSTs) Armoured with Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs)
Authors: Kua Lindsay , Lim Ting Wei , Wong Fiona , Teo Pei Yun , Low Lionel , Horak Ivan , Chen Jinmiao , Tan Kar Wai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Allogeneic Epstein-Barr Virus-specific T cells (EBVSTs) have thus far been a safe immunotherapy product in the clinic, with little graft-versus-host-disease reported in over 300 recipients to date. Consequently, EBVSTs armoured with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have emerged as a promising platform for allogeneic T cell therapies. Believing that a deep characterisation of CAR EBVST cell products can enhance insights into their clinical safety, we performed single cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on CAR EBVSTs, taking CD30.CAR EBVSTs as a prototype.
Non-transduced (NT) EBVSTs and CD30.CAR EBVSTs generated from three healthy donors exhibited a narrower, more focused TCR repertoire by diversity indices, compared to resting T cells and CD30.CAR-transduced activated T cells (ATCs) from the same donors. EBVSTs harboured a lower frequency of unique TCR clonotypes and a higher proportion of expanded clones, indicating a tendency toward clonal dominance. Narrower TCR repertoires corresponded to greater IFNγ and TNFα secretion in response to stimulation with EBV peptides, with no cross-reactivity toward other common viruses, and were associated with lower allogeneic reactivity in mixed lymphocyte reactions.
To investigate whether the EBVST nature of the product might contribute to better CAR activity, we concurrently performed single cell transcriptomic sequencing on NT EBVSTs, CD30.CAR EBVSTs, and CD30.CAR ATCs. Transcriptomic signatures revealed that each sample type contained two major, distinct populations of CD4+ T cells: proliferative and activated. While the proliferative subsets appeared to be closely related, the activated populations had distinct transcriptional profiles. In particular, CD30.CAR EBVSTs appeared to be more polyfunctional and metabolically poised than CD30.CAR ATCs. The restricted TCR repertoire and apparent functional superiority of CD30.CAR EBVSTs may underlie their safety and efficacy observed in early-stage clinical trials and preclinical models, with the larger implication that these qualities extend to CAR EBVSTs targeting antigens beyond CD30.
Citation Format: Lindsay Kua, Ting Wei Lim, Fiona Wong, Pei Yun Teo, Lionel Low, Ivan Horak, Jinmiao Chen, Kar Wai Tan. Single Cell Profiling Reveals Unique TCR Repertoire and Transcriptomic Signatures of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific T cells (EBVSTs) Armoured with Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of Frontiers in Cancer Science; 2023 Nov 6-8; Singapore. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(8_Suppl):Abstract nr P65.
Effects of the spatial resolution of the Virtual Epileptic Patient on the identification of epileptogenic networks
Authors: Lemaréchal Jean-Didier , Triebkorn Paul , Vattikonda Anirudh Nihalani , Hashemi Meysam , Woodman Marmaduke , Guye Maxime , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wang Huifang E. , Jirsa Viktor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Digital twins play an increasing role in clinical decision making. This study evaluates a digital brain twin approach in presurgical evaluation, the Virtual Epileptic Patient (VEP), which estimates the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. We built the personalized digital brain twins of 14 patients and a series of synthetic dataset by considering different spatial configurations of the epileptogenic and/or propagation zone networks (EZN and PZN, respectively). Brain source signals were simulated with a high spatial resolution neural field model (NFM) composed of 81942 nodes, embedding both long-range (between brain regions) and short-range (within brain regions) coupling. Brain signals were then projected to stereotactic electroencephalographic (SEEG) contacts with an accurate forward solution. An inversion procedure based on a low spatial resolution neural mass model (NMM) composed of 162 nodes was applied to estimate the excitability of each region in each simulation. The ensuing estimated EZN/PZN was compared to the simulated ground truth by means of classification metrics. Overall, we observed correct but degraded performance when using an NMM to estimate the EZN from data simulated with an NFM, which was significant for the simplest spatial configurations. We quantified the reduced performance and demonstrated that the oversimplification of the forward problem is its principal cause. We showed that the absence of local coupling in the NMM affects the inversion process by an overestimation of the excitability, representing a significant clinical impact when using this procedure in the context of presurgical planning. In conclusion, this study highlighted the importance to shift from an NMM towards a full NFM modeling approach for the estimation of EZN, with a particularly relevant need when considering the most complex clinical cases.
Removing scanner effects with a multivariate latent approach: A RELIEF for the ABCD imaging data?
Authors: Kraft Dominik , Bon Gloria Matte , Breton Édith , Seidel Philipp , Kaufmann Tobias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Scan site harmonization is a crucial part of any neuroimaging analysis when data have been pooled across different study sites. Zhang and colleagues recently introduced the multivariate harmonization method RELIEF (REmoval of Latent Inter-scanner Effects through Factorization), aiming to remove explicit and latent scan site effects. Their initial validation in an adult sample showed superior performance compared to established methods. We here sought to investigate utility of RELIEF in harmonizing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a widely used resource for developmental brain imaging. We benchmarked RELIEF against unharmonized, ComBat, and CovBat harmonized data and investigated the impact of manufacturer type, sample size, and a narrow sample age range on harmonization performance. We found that in cases where sites with sufficiently large samples were harmonized, RELIEF outperformed other techniques, yet in cases where sites with very small samples were included there was substantial performance variation unique to RELIEF. Our results therefore highlight the need for careful quality control when harmonizing data sets with imbalanced samples like the ABCD cohort. Our comment alongside shared scripts may provide guidance for other scholars wanting to integrate best practices in their ABCD related work.
Recovering Quasi-Biennial Oscillations from Chaos
Authors: Chartrand Xavier , Nadeau Louis-Philippe , Venaille Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is understood to result from wave–mean-flow interactions, but the reasons for its relative stability remain a subject of ongoing debate. In addition, consensus has yet to be reached regarding the respective roles of different equatorial wave types in shaping the QBO’s characteristics. Here, we employ Holton–Lindzen–Plumb’s quasilinear model to shed light on the robustness of periodic behavior in the presence of multiple wave forcings. A comprehensive examination of the various dynamical regimes in this model reveals that increased vertical wave propagation at higher altitudes favors periodicity. In the case of single standing wave forcing, enhanced vertical propagation is controlled by the wave attenuation length scale. The occurrence of nonperiodic states at high forcing amplitudes is explained by the excitation of high vertical unstable modes. Increasing the attenuation length scale prevents the emergence of such modes. When multiple wave forcing is considered, the mean flow generated by a dominant primary wave facilitates greater vertical propagation of a perturbation wave. Raising the altitude where most of the wave damping occurs favors periodicity by preventing the development of secondary jets responsible for the aperiodic behavior. This mechanism underscores the potential role of internal gravity waves in supporting the periodicity of a QBO primarily driven by planetary waves.
Psychosocial dimensions of being a child in women’s shelters: A phenomenological study on the experiences of battered women – A case study from Türkiye’s Northern Region
Authors: Uzun Sevda , Emirza Elif Güzide 
Published: April 2024

Background: Violence against women has numerous devastating effects. Exposure to violence not only impacts women but also affects their children both physically and psychosocially. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial problems of children living with their mothers in women’s shelters from the mothers’ perspective with a phenomenological approach. Methods: Utilizing the phenomenological research method, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 individuals in a women’s shelter in a province in northern Türkiye. The criterion sampling method, a purposive sampling technique, was employed to select participants. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed, and thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist for reporting. Results: The data analysis revealed four main categories (effects of violence on the mother, actions taken to protect children from violence, effects of violence and staying in a shelter on the child, and psychosocial needs for the protection of the child’s mental health in the shelter) and 10 sub-themes (psychological effects, physical effects, social effects, domestic actions, organizational actions, psychological effects, physical effects, social effects, support system, and coping). Conclusion: The study concluded that violence significantly impacted the mental, physical, and social well-being of both women and children, posing challenges to their ability to cope with the aftermath. Women exerted considerable effort in protecting their children from violence, and they needed psychosocial support to ensure the well-being of their children’s mental health during their stay in shelters.
Mariculture Policies and Ocean Grabbing in Brazil
Authors: Silva Hugo Juliano Hermógenes da , Pierri Naína 
Published: April 2024

Aquaculture (the breeding of freshwater and marine organisms) is commonly cited as a solution to the crisis that has plagued global fisheries in recent years. Since the 2000s, the Brazilian government has encouraged aquaculture production through government funding, sectoral planning, and environmental regulations. This government-driven mariculture has been responsible for the appearance of ocean grabbing mechanisms. Document analysis of government policies and environmental regulations and semistructured interviews with important members of the federal government show that the promulgation of the new Brazilian Forest Code stimulated shrimp farming in formerly protected areas and the federal government created a system for the auctioning and of areas in public waters. These mechanisms promoted the privatization and commodification of public sea, land, and other natural resources and negatively affected communities whose livelihoods depend on coastal and marine spaces. There is an ongoing campaign to dismantle the socioenvironmental legal framework responsible for regulating and protecting Brazil’s coastal and marine environments while mariculture is encouraged through sectoral policies based on a neoliberal economic model. La acuicultura (cultivo de organismos de agua dulce y marinos) se menciona comúnmente como una solución a la crisis que ha colapsado las pesquerías mundiales en los últimos años. Desde comienzos de los años 2000, el gobierno brasileño incentivó la producción acuícola a través de fondos gubernamentales, planificación sectorial y regulaciones ambientales. La maricultura promovida por el gobierno es responsable por la aparición de mecanismos de usurpación de espacios y recursos naturales de las comunidades marino-costeras (“ocean grabbing”). Análisis de documentos de políticas gubernamentales y regulaciones ambientales sobre maricultura y entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave del gobierno federal muestran que la promulgación del nuevo Código Forestal Brasileño (2012) estimuló el cultivo de camarón en áreas anteriormente protegidas y el gobierno federal creó un sistema de subasta y venta de áreas de aguas públicas para cultivos. Tales mecanismos promueven la privatización y mercantilización del mar, la tierra y otros recursos naturales públicos y afecta negativamente a las comunidades cuyos medios de vida dependen de los espacios costeros y marinos. Hay una campaña en curso para desmantelar el marco legal socioambiental responsable de regular y proteger los ambientes costeros y marinos de Brasil, al mismo tiempo que se incentiva la maricultura a través de políticas sectoriales basadas en un modelo económico neoliberal.
Birth trauma in a population requiring inpatient mental health care in the postpartum period
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Emerton Alexandra , Lim-Gibson Sylvia 
Published: April 2024

Objective This study explores rates of birth-related symptoms of trauma in a population of parents experiencing severe perinatal mental illness. Method Birthing-parents admitted to a perinatal inpatient unit completed birth trauma measures on admission which were descriptively analyzed. Results The population had higher rates of birth-related potentially traumatic events and trauma-related symptoms than the general population. Conclusions The findings highlight that assessing for and responding to experiences of birth trauma is highly relevant to an inpatient perinatal population.
Can Human Growth Hormone Accelerate Tendon and Ligament Injury Recovery?
Authors: Baumgarten Keith M. , Sandhurst Eric S. , Sun Hongli 
Published: April 2024

Background: Studies involving human fibroblasts and use of human growth hormone (HGH) administration for injury recovery are limited. It is plausible that if the administration of HGH to human cells increased cellular proliferation and differentiation, then HGH might be able to assist in accelerating recovery from injury. Hypothesis: HGH will increase proliferation and differentiation of human tendon and ligament fibroblasts in vitro based on both a single-dose and a sustained-dose model of HGH administration. Study Design: Basic science cellular study. Methods: Human tendon and ligament tissue were harvested from 24 patients. Tissue samples were digested with type I collagenase to isolate the target cell types. HGH was administered directly to isolated cells at doses ranging from 100 pg/mL to 10 µg/mL, either in a single-dose or a sustained-dose model. Proliferation was analyzed at days 4 and 7. Differentiation of ligament and tendon fibroblasts was assessed at day 14. Results: Administration of a single-dose of HGH to both cell types demonstrated similar or inferior cellular proliferation compared with controls after 7 days. For the sustained-dosing model of ligament fibroblasts, only the 100 ng/mL concentration demonstrated at least statistically similar or improved proliferation compared with controls. When examining the 100 ng/mL HGH concentration with larger sample sizes, cellular proliferation was not improved over controls for any cell type for the single- or sustained-dosing models. Proliferation for tendon fibroblasts was either similar or inferior to the control group at all concentrations of HGH. There was no clear dose-response relationship demonstrating enhanced collagen production with administration of HGH to suggest it enhances injury recovery. Conclusion: HGH administered to human tendon and ligament fibroblasts does not appear to positively affect cellular proliferation and differentiation. Clinical Relevance: This study does not support the use of HGH for accelerating recovery from injury.
A cross-sectional study of resilience and well-being among nursing students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rayani Ahmad M , Alodhailah Abdulaziz M , Alreshidi Salman M 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Promoting resilience and embracing healthy coping strategies can effectively assist nursing students in managing stress and enhancing their welfare. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing their well-being and resilience, pivotal for both academic accomplishments and future career longevity, remains incomplete. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was adopted for this study. Participants comprised students enrolled in pre-registration nursing programs at both undergraduate and graduate levels. The World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were utilized to assess psychological well-being and resilience, respectively. Results: The study involved 175 university nursing students selected through convenience sampling. On the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the average score was 25.5, with undergraduate and graduate students scoring an average of 25.4 and 26.3, respectively. Nevertheless, the two groups had no statistically significant difference ( p = 0.526). Regarding perceived well-being, the average World Health Organization-5 score was 16.1, with no noticeable distinction between undergraduates and postgraduates ( p = 0.858). Notably, bivariate analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between self-reported resilience and perceived well-being ( rp = 0.281, p = 0.001). Moreover, senior students exhibited significantly higher scores on the perceived well-being scale than junior students (17.0 vs 15.1, p = 0.010). Multivariable regression analysis also identified that self-reported resilience represents a consistent means of predicting perceived well-being (regression coefficient B = 0.22, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The outcomes indicate that university-based nursing students who exhibit higher levels of resilience have more positive perceptions of their well-being. Moreover, postgraduate students exhibit more significant resilience levels than undergraduate students.
Hawkins Sign of the Talus: The Impact of Patient Factors on Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Griffin Jarod T. , Landy David C. , Mechas Charles A. , Nazal Mark R. , Foster Jeffrey A. , Southall Wyatt G.S. , Muhammad Maaz , Sierra Carlos R. , Moghadamian Eric S. , Srinath Arjun , Aneja Arun 
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Purpose: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a complication of talar neck fractures associated with chronic pain and poor functional outcomes. Hawkins sign, the radiographic presence of subchondral lucency seen in the talar dome 6 to 8 weeks after trauma, is considered to be a strong predictor of preserved talus vascularity. The study sought to assess the accuracy of the Hawkins sign in a large, contemporary cohort and assess factors associated with inaccuracy. Methods: A retrospective review of all talar neck fractures from a single level I trauma center from 2008 to 2016 was performed. The presence of Hawkins sign and AVN were determined based on ankle radiographs 8 weeks after injury and at final follow-up, respectively. Patients with less than 6 months follow-up were excluded. Hawkins sign accuracy was assessed using proportions with 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) and associations were examined with Fisher’s exact testing. Results: In total, 137 talar neck fractures were identified with 105 having adequate follow-up. Hawkins sign was observed in 21 tali, 3 (14%) of which later developed AVN (95% C.I., 3 – 36%). In the remaining 84 tali without Hawkins sign, 32 (38%) developed AVN (95% C.I., 28 – 49%). Of the 3 tali that developed AVN following observation of Hawkins sign, all patients were smokers. There were no cases of AVN in non-smokers with Hawkins sign (P=0.21), and smoking was not associated with AVN in patients without Hawkins sign (41% vs 36%, P=0.82). Conclusion: Hawkins sign may not be a reliable predictor of preserved talus vascularity in all patients. We identified three patients with positive Hawkins signs who developed AVN, all of whom were smokers. Factors impairing microvascular blood supply to the talus may lead to AVN even in the presence of preserved macrovascular blood flow and an observed Hawkins sign. Close monitoring of select patients with Hawkins sign should be considered and further research is needed to understand the factors limiting Hawkins sign accuracy. Prognostic accuracy of the Hawkins sign in predicting talar AVN