bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of proteins involved in ecdysone and juvenile hormone signal transduction
Authors: Bitra Kavita , Palli Subba Reddy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEcdysteroids and juvenile hormones (JH) regulate a variety of developmental, physiological, behavioral, and metabolic processes. Ecdysteroids function through a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear receptors, ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP). An 85 kDa protein identified in Drosophila melanogaster methoprene‐tolerant (Met) mutant binds to JH III with high affinity, and the mutant flies are resistant to juvenile hormone analog (JHA), methoprene. Reporter assays using the yeast two‐hybrid system were performed in order to study the molecular interactions between EcR, USP and Met. As expected, EcR fused to the B42 activation domain and USP fused to the LexA DNA binding domain interacted with each other and supported induction of the reporter gene in the presence of stable ecdysteroid analog, RG‐102240 or steroids, muristerone A and ponasterone A. The USP:USP homodimers supported expression of the reporter gene in the absence of ligand, and there was no significant increase in the reporter activity after addition of a JHA, methoprene. Similarly, Met:Met homodimers as well as Met:EcR and Met:USP heterodimers induced reporter activity in the absence of ligand and addition of ecdysteroid or JH analogs did not increase the reporter activity regulated by either homodimers or heterodimers of Met protein. Two‐hybrid assays in insect cells and in vitro pull‐down assays confirmed the interaction of Met with EcR and USP. These data suggest that the proteins that are involved in signal transduction of ecdysteroids (EcR and USP) and juvenile hormones (Met) interact to mediate cross‐talk between these two important hormones. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a novel bursicon‐regulated transcriptional regulator, md13379, in the house fly Musca domestica
Authors: An Shiheng , Wang Songjie , Stanley David , Song Qisheng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBursicon is a neuropeptide that regulates cuticle sclerotization (hardening and tanning) and wing expansion in insects via a G‐protein coupled receptor. The hormone consists of α and β subunits. In the present study, we cloned bursicon α and β genes in the house fly Musca domestica using 3' and 5' RACE and expressed the recombinant bursicon (rbursicon) heterodimer in mammalian 293 cells and insect HighfiveTM cells. The rbursicon displayed a strong bursicon activity in the neck‐ligated house fly assay. Using rbursicon, we identified and cloned a novel bursicon‐regulated gene in M. domestica encoding a transcriptional regulator homologous to ataxin‐7‐like3 in human, CG13379 in Drosophila and sgf11 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We named the gene md13379. Both ataxin‐7‐like3 and sgf11 are a novel subunit of the SAGA (Spt‐Ada‐Gcn5‐Acetyltransferase) complex that is involved in regulation of gene transcription. Real‐time PCR analysis of temporal response profile revealed that the level of md13379 transcript was up‐regulated by 6.6 fold 1 h after rbursicon injection, which correlates well with the cuticle sclerotization process observed in the rbursicon‐injected flies. The composite data suggest that md13379 plays a role in regulating the expression of bursicon‐regulated genes involved in the cuticle sclerotization process. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerization of α‐Hydroxy Acids by Ribosomes
Authors: Ohta Atsushi , Murakami Hiroshi , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOver 30 years ago, Fahnestock and Rich reported intriguing data showing the capability of the ribosome to polymerize phenyllactic acid. Although the polymerization was initiated and terminated randomly on polyuridic acids, the given data convincingly suggested that the generated polymer was composed of an approximately 7:3 mixture of phenyllactic acid and phenylalanine. Despite the fact that Fahnestock’s conclusion was very likely correct, there have been no reports to follow up the ribosome‐catalyzed polymerization of α‐hydroxy acids until very recently. At the end of 2007, we reported messenger RNA (mRNA)‐directed polyester synthesis by using the new emerging method of genetic‐code reprogramming in which α‐hydroxy acids with various kinds of side‐chains are assigned to arbitrarily chosen codons. In this work, we have achieved the ribosomal synthesis of polyesters with the sequence composition and length in a fully controlled manner according to the sequence of mRNA. This Concept article describes the background of the method development and its application to the synthesis of polyesters.
Application of multi‐block methods in cement production
Authors: Svinning Ketil , Høskuldsson Agnar 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCompressive strength at 1 day of Portland cement as a function of the microstructure of cement was statistically modelled by application of multi‐block regression method. The observation X‐matrix was partitioned into four blocks, the first block representing the mineralogy, the second particle size distribution and the two last blocks the superficial microstructure analysed by differential thermo gravimetric analysis. The multi‐block method is used to identify the role of each part. The score vectors of each block can be analysed separately or together with score vectors of other blocks. Stepwise regression is used to find minimum number of variables of each block. The multi‐block method proved useful in determining the modelling strength of each data block and finding minimum number of variables within each data block. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral ureas with two electronegative substituents at 1‐N: An unusual case of coexisting pyramidal and almost planar 1‐N atoms in the same crystal
Authors: Shishkin Oleg V. , Shtamburg Vasiliy G. , Zubatyuk Roman I. , Olefir Dmitriy A. , Tsygankov Alexander V. , Prosyanik Alexander V. , Mazepa Alexander V. , Kostyanovsky Remir G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractXRD studies of structure of N‐acetoxy‐N‐methoxyurea and N,N‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐N‐methoxyimide have revealed that in N‐methoxy‐N‐X‐ureas (X = OAc, Cl, OMe, N+C5H5) the additional shortening of NOMe bond took place, which arising from an nO(Me)‐σ*NX anomeric orbital interaction. XRD studies of N‐chloro‐N‐ethoxyurea crystal have revealed the presence of two kinds of anomeric nitrogen configuration in the ONCl group in the form of a pyramidal configuration and a planar configuration for same 1‐N nitrogen atom. XRD studies of N‐4‐chlorobenzoyloxy‐N‐ethoxyurea have revealed that the degree of pyramidality of the 1‐N nitrogen in N‐aroyloxy‐N‐alkoxyureas is tuned by orientation of benzoyl group with respect to the NO bond, which in turn depends of size of N‐alkoxy group. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abscheidung von Feinstaub an Pflanzen bei niedrigen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten
Authors: Reznik G. , Schmidt E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPflanzen können einen Beitrag zur Abtrennung von Feinstaub aus der Umgebungsluft leisten, wenn diese an‐ respektive umströmt werden. Dieses Abscheidevermögen konnte an stadttypischen Pflanzen und deren Imitaten im Labor partikelgrößenselektiv quantifiziert werden. Insbesondere bei geringen Anströmgeschwindigkeiten bis zu 0,02 m/s scheint eine bestimmte Bewuchsdichte notwendig zu sein, um eine nennenswerte Abscheidung zu erreichen. Nadeln scheiden dabei, bezogen auf die Kollektoroberfläche, besser ab als Blätter.
Mechanische Beanspruchungen in Mehrphasenreaktoren
Authors: Stintzing A. , Pilz R. D. , Hempel D. C. , Krull R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFluidinduzierte mechanische Beanspruchungen auf schersensible Systeme wurden anhand eines nichtbiologischen Ton/Polymer‐Flockensystems in Blasensäulen, Airlift‐Schlaufenreaktoren und Rührkesselreaktoren untersucht. Mittels des Flockensystems konnten semi‐empirische Korrelationsgleichungen für die Beanspruchungen in Mehrphasenreaktoren aufgestellt werden.
Prevalence and clinical impact of anaplasia in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Qualman Stephen , Lynch James , Bridge Julia , Parham David , Teot Lisa , Meyer William , Pappo Alberto 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Anapalsia is rare in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma and has not been included in the International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR). A recent review of cases from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) suggests that anaplasia might be more common than previously reported and may impact clinical outcome.METHODS.The prevalence of anaplasia (focal or diffuse) was prospectively assessed in 546 eligible cases who were registered in an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) or COG therapeutic trial from 1995 through 1998. The incidence of anaplasia in tumor samples and its impact in predicting clinical outcome was assessed.RESULTS.Overall, 71 (13%) of all samples analyzed had anaplasia. Anaplasia was more common in patients with tumors in favorable sites and was less commonly observed in younger patients and in those with stage II, III, or clinical group III disease. Regardless of its distribution (focal or diffuse), on univariate analysis the presence of anaplasia negatively influenced the failure‐free survival rate (63% vs 77% at 5 years) and overall survival (68% vs 82% at 5 years) rates in patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This effect was most pronounced in children with intermediate‐risk tumors. Anaplasia did not affect outcome in patients with alveolar tumors.CONCLUSIONS.The incidence of anaplasia in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma is higher than previously described and may be of prognostic significance in children with intermediate‐risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Thin‐Film Metal Hydrides
Authors: Remhof Arndt , Borgschulte Andreas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe goal of the medieval alchemist, the chemical transformation of common metals into nobel metals, will forever be a dream. However, key characteristics of metals, such as their electronic band structure and, consequently, their electric, magnetic and optical properties, can be tailored by controlled hydrogen doping. Due to their morphology and well‐defined geometry with flat, coplanar surfaces/interfaces, novel phenomena may be observed in thin films. Prominent examples are the eye‐catching hydrogen switchable mirror effect, the visualization of solid‐state diffusion and the formation of complex surface morphologies. Thin films do not suffer as much from embrittlement and/or decrepitation as bulk materials, allowing the study of cyclic absorption and desorption. Therefore, thin‐metal hydride films are used as model systems to study metal–insulator transitions, for high throughput combinatorial research or they may be used as indicator layers to study hydrogen diffusion. They can be found in technological applications as hydrogen sensors, in electrochromic and thermochromic devices. In this review, we discuss the effect of hydrogen loading of thin niobium and yttrium films as archetypical examples of a transition metal and a rare earth metal, respectively. Our focus thereby lies on the hydrogen induced changes of the electronic structure and the morphology of the thin films, their optical properties, the visualization and the control of hydrogen diffusion and on the study of surface phenomena and catalysis.
Gold(I) Iodide Catalyzed Sonogashira Reactions
Authors: Li Pinhua , Wang Lei , Wang Min , You Feng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGold(I) iodide catalyzed Sonogashira reactions have been developed. Terminal alkynes reacted with aryl iodides and bromides smoothly in the presence of AuI (1 mol‐%) and dppf (1 mol‐%) in toluene to generate the corresponding cross‐coupling products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, aromatic terminal alkynes could also react with 2‐iodoaniline to form substituted indoles in excellent yields through a coupling–cyclization reaction sequence under the present reaction conditions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Single‐input divergent flow IEF for preparative analysis of proteins
Authors: Stastna Miroslava , Slais Karel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe instrument for continuous divergent flow IEF based on our principles set and outlined previously was further extended and tested. The separation and focusing area of a trapezoidal shape had a porous bed made from a nonwoven textile material with thickness decreasing from narrow input to wide output. A narrow end was used as a single input to continuously bring a single solution into separation space with a flow rate of 0.18 mL/min. Two pairs of electrodes were positioned close to both narrow and wide ends of the separation area with equilibrium state voltage of 75 V at the narrow input and 384 V at the wide output. Under dynamic equilibrium state, the zones of both pH gradient components and analytes were separated close to the input point and focused with increasing resolution while transporting through the separation space. The long‐term stability experiments had shown the suitability of the device for preparative analysis; the zones of pI markers, hemoglobin and cytochrome C remained focused and separated over 15 h with deviations from the mean focusing positions ranging from 1.26 to 3.96% of the bed output width.
A robust Cusum test for SETAR‐type nonlinearity in time series
Authors: Petruccelli Joseph D. , Onofrei Alina , Wilbur Jayson D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAs a part of an effective self‐exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) modeling methodology, it is important to identify processes exhibiting SETAR‐type nonlinearity. A number of tests of nonlinearity have been developed in the literature. However, it has recently been shown that all these tests perform poorly for SETAR‐type nonlinearity detection in the presence of additive outliers. In this paper, we develop an improved test for SETAR‐type nonlinearity in time series. The test is an outlier‐robust test based on the cumulative sums of ordered weighted residuals from generalized maximum likelihood fits. A Monte Carlo study confirms that the proposed test is competitive with existing tests for data from uncontaminated SETAR models and superior to them for SETAR data contaminated with additive outliers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of β‐dystroglycan immunopositive globules in the subventricular zone of rat brain
Authors: Adorjan Istvan , Kalman Mihaly 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPresent study demonstrates a novel localization of β‐dystroglycan in rat brain. Beside the meningeal surface and the cerebral vessels where β‐dystroglycan immunopositivity has been described, now immunopositive solid bodies were found at the basis of ependymocytes. Since they proved to be round in either coronal, sagittal, and horizontal section, revealing their globular shape, they received the term ‘globules.’ Double immunofluorescent labeling of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and β‐dystroglycan revealed that ‘globules’ are within the ‘cordon’ of subventricular astrocytes. The ‘globules’ were found throughout the ventricular system, except the ventral part and floor of the third ventricle. The latter one comprised the median eminence and extended caudally to the inframamillary recess. The area where the ‘globules’ were missing, corresponded to that where ependymocytes were replaced by GFAP‐immunopositive tanycytes. Utrophin and α‐dystrobrevin were co‐localized with dystroglycan, whereas α1‐syntrophin was detected along the borders of the ependymal cells. Comparing our results to former data, the ‘globules’ seem to be the anchoring places of the ‘fractons’ formed by laminin [Mercier et al. (2003) J Comp Neurol 455:324–340], which interconnect the vascular basal lamina and the ependymal layer. The ependymal localization of the ‘globules’ was proved by pre‐embedding electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. The ‘globules’ proved to be a labyrinthine structure, which seemed to be identical with the ‘basal membrane labyrinth’ described by Leonhardt [Leonhardt (1970) Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 105:395–404]. The description of the β‐dystroglycan‐immunopositive ‘globules’ contributes to the better understanding of the structure of the subventricular zone where neurogenesis can occur during adulthood and provides an important link to the meningeo‐glial network. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of dietary caffeine on EEG, performance and mood when rested and sleep restricted
Authors: Keane Michael A. , James Jack E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRationale: Until recently, little account had been taken of the confounding effects of caffeine withdrawal and withdrawal reversal when examining the net effects of dietary caffeine. Objectives: By including a manipulation involving sleep restriction, the present study aimed to extend recent findings from research in which caffeine withdrawal and withdrawal reversal were controlled. The main aims of the study were to examine the net effects of caffeine, as well as its potential restorative effects following sleep restriction, on EEG, performance and mood. Method: A randomised cross‐over design was used in which 15 participants alternated weekly between ingesting placebo and caffeine (1.75 mg/kg) three times daily for four consecutive weeks following either usual sleep or sleep restriction. EEG activity was measured at 32 sites during eyes closed, eyes open and performance of a vigilance task. Results: Modest effects of caffeine were found in the delta and beta bandwidths, but no main effects of caffeine were observed in the theta or alpha bandwidths. Overall, the effects of caffeine on EEG activity were relatively few, weak and inconsistent, and no evidence was found of net restorative effects of caffeine for any outcome variables. Conclusions: The findings do not support the use of caffeine as a means for enhancing human function or as an antidote to the negative effects of sleep loss. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct comparison of effect sizes from the clinical global impression‐improvement scale to effect sizes from other rating scales in controlled trials of adult social anxiety disorder
Authors: Hedges Dawson W. , Brown Bruce L. , Shwalb David A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical global impression‐improvement scale (CGI‐I) is used to monitor treatment outcome in mental disorders. To better understand the properties of the CGI‐I scale in social anxiety disorder, effects sizes from the CGI‐I scale were compared to comparably calculated effect sizes from other rating scales obtained from double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of selective‐serotonin reuptake inhibitors in social anxiety disorder. From peer‐reviewed, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies evaluating selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in social anxiety disorder, we extracted CGI‐I data and scores from other assessment scales of severity and function. Using calculations that enabled direct comparisons, effect sizes for the binarily reported CGI‐I scores were compared to effect sizes from the quantitative scales.ResultsEffect sizes for the binary CGI‐I scale were statistically indistinguishable from effect sizes obtained from the other scales, with the exception of the social avoidance and distress scale.ConclusionsThe CGI‐I scale is an appropriate method of assessing clinical change in trials of social anxiety disorder. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating risk aversion from ascending and sealed‐bid auctions: the case of timber auction data
Authors: Lu Jingfeng , Perrigne Isabelle 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEstimating bidders' risk aversion in auctions is a challenging problem because of identification issues. This paper takes advantage of bidding data from two auction designs to identify nonparametrically the bidders' utility function within a private value framework. In particular, ascending auction data allow one to recover the latent distribution of private values, while first‐price sealed‐bid auction data allow one to recover the bidders' utility function. This leads to a nonparametric estimator. An application to the US Forest Service timber auctions is proposed. Estimated utility functions display concavity, which can be partly captured by constant relative risk aversion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels: In vivo evaluation
Authors: Patois Emilie , Cruz Suzanne Osorio‐da , Tille Jean‐Christophe , Walpoth Beat , Gurny Robert , Jordan Olivier 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChitosan is an attractive biopolymer for the preparation of hydrogels. Its unique combination of biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioadhesivity, and tissue‐promoting abilities allows pharmaceutical applications. We investigated novel thermosensitive hydrogels based on chitosan homogeneously reacetylated to a deacetylation degree of about 50%, combined with selected polyols or polyoses such as trehalose, a nontoxic polysaccharide. The latter, a gel‐inducing and lyoprotective agent enabled the formulation to be lyophilized and rehydrated without affecting the thermosensitive behavior. This made possible long‐term storage and promoted its use in a clinical setup. The thermally induced sol‐gel transition allowed injectability and in situ setting. Rheological characterization revealed that storage moduli could be increased by one decade by increasing the chitosan concentration from 1.4 to 2.2% (w/w). Evaluation in vivo provided evidence of in situ implant formation in subcutaneous tissue of Sprague–Dawley rats and permanence for up to 3 months. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a mild, chronic, inflammatory reaction that disappeared with the complete absorption of the gel implant over a few months period. Such in situ forming hydrogels could be advantageous for specific applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Nanoindentation creep behavior of human enamel
Authors: He Li‐Hong , Swain Michael V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this study, the indentation creep behavior of human enamel was investigated with a nanoindentation system and a Berkovich indenter at a force of 250 mN with one‐step loading and unloading method. A constant hold period of 900 s was incorporated into each test at the maximum load as well at 5 mN minimum load during unloading. The indentation creep at the maximum load and creep recovery at the minimum load was described with a double exponential function and compared with other classic viscoelastic models (Debye/Maxwell and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts). Indentation creep rate sensitivity, m, of human enamel was measured for the first time with a value of ∼0.012. Enamel displayed both viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior similar to that of bone. These results indicate that, associated with entrapment of particulates between teeth under functional loading and sliding wear conditions, the enamel may inelastically deform but recover upon its release. This behavior may be important in explaining the excellent wear resistance, antifatigue, and crack resistant abilities of natural tooth structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009