bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal color Doppler imaging
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Jurkovic Davor , Alfirevic Zarko , Zalud Ivica 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransvaginal color Doppler was used to assess circulation in pelvic vessels in a group of 64 patients including 15 patients with fertility problems, 18 patients with pelvic tumors, 2 cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy, and 29 pregnant patients with fetuses between 6 weeks and 10 weeks, menstrual age.Blood flow was successfully displayed by color Doppler in the external and internal iliac arteries, and the uterine atreries, but flow in ovarian arteries could not be visualized.In the subgroup of patients with pelvic tumors, neovascularization of tumor tissue was documented in 6 out of 10 cases of uterine fibroma and in 2 cases of ovarian cancer. In 6 cases involving benign ovarian pathology, no abnormal blood supply was observed. A comparison between the characteristics of blood flow within uterine fibro‐mas and ovarian malignancies showed lower impedance and higher blood velocity in cases of malignancy.In early pregnancy blood flow in the umbilical artery could be visualized by color Doppler starting from the 6th week and flow in the aorta from the 8th week. Flow in the trophoblasts was observed with an overall success rate of 59% and successfully demonstrated in 1 out of 2 cases of ectopic pregnancy.
Early determination of fetal sex using transvaginal sonography: Technique and pitfalls
Authors: Bronshtein M. , Rottem S. , Yoffe N. , Blumenfeld Z. , Brandes J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransvaginal sonography (TVS) enables sex determination at an early stage of pregnancy. The morphologic features of fetal external genitalia at 13 weeks to 16 weeks, menstrual age, are different from those seen later in pregnancy; therefore an attempt to determine fetal gender at this early stage by the same criteria as those used later is hazardous, especially for determining the male sex. The main diagnostic criteria for male gender determination by TVS are the “dome” sign representing the sonographic visualization of the fetal scrotum, the cranially directed phallus, and the longitudinal raphe at the base of the penis. The diagnostic criteria for female gender are the 2 or 4 parallel lines representing the labial folds and the caudally directed phallus (clitoris). The length of the fetal phallus at this early stage is not diagnostic and may be the main pitfall to the unexperienced sonographer.Between weeks 13 and 14 sex diagnosis was possible in 130/171 pregnancies (76%) in our first 2 years and 1881235 (80%) in our last 2 years of experience. Between weeks 15 and 16 sex diagnosis was possible in 122/139 pregnancies (88%) during our first 2 years and 96.7% (528/546) during the last 2 years of experience. The accuracy rate for fetal male gender identification increased from 91.7% during the first 2 years of TVS experience to 99.7% during the last 2 years of TVS experience, and the accuracy rate for female gender identification, increased from 93.3% to 100%, respectively, applying the above criteria and based on acquired experience of early fetal sex identification by TVS early in gestation. Early and precise determination of fetal sex is possible and might avoid invasive procedures such as amniocentesis.
First trimester selective reduction in multiple pregnancy guided by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Itskovitz Joseph , Boldes Rafael , Thaler Israel , Levron Jacob , Rottem Shraga , Brandes Joseph M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransvaginal ultrasonography‐guided fetal reduction was performed in 11 patients presenting with multiple pregnancies. Embryonic aspiration was carried out in 7 women at 7 to 8 weeks and in 4 patients fetal intrathoracic injection was performed at 9 to 11 weeks, menstrual age. Seven patients delivered healthy babies at >35 weeks, 3 have delivered prematurely 15 to 17 weeks after the procedure with subsequent neonatal death of all sets of twins. We believe that our method overcomes the technical difficulties related to the transabdominal or transcervical approach and should be the method of choice for early selective abortion.
Transvaginal sonography in postmenopausal women
Authors: Schoenfeld Alex , Levavi Hanoch , Hirsch Michael , Pardo Joseph , Ovadia Jardena 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransvaginal sonography (TVS) is a recent addition to the diagnostic techniques available for the evaluation of the female pelvis. Our experience in over 200 cases of postmenopausal women is the subject of this synoptic review. Using this technique in 60 women, we were able to detect endometrial changes such as endometrial carcinoma or adenomatous hyperplasia in 81% and in a group of 19 patients myometrial invasion in 84%. Fibroids of different sizes and locations could be recognized, some of them with signs of cystic degenerations.In 48 postmenopausal women, TVS was used to follow the morphologic changes in the endometrium stimulated by hormone replacement therapy. Histological features of the endometrium were in close correlation with the sonographic patterns obtained.Ultrasound evaluation has been suggested as a possible screening tool for early changes in ovarian size and morphology. Fifty patients were evaluated for the effectiveness of TVS to detect ovarian pathology. The sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 100%, the same as that of gross examination of the ovary at the time of surgery. It seems that TVS is a reliable tool in the detection of early changes in the postmenopausal ovary, but further evaluation in a large population is necessary to assess the usefulness of TVS as a routine screening tool for early ovarian carcinoma.Twenty‐nine postmenopausal women with unilateral simple cysts (diameter ≤ 5 cm) were identified. All exhibited benign histopathologic changes. We conclude that small (<5 cm) postmenopausal cysts have a low incidence of malignancy and could be followed by TVS without immediate surgical intervention.Local recurrences in gynecologic neoplasms were evaluated in 21 postmenopausal women after previous surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in cases of endometrial, cervical, and ovarian carcinomas. Using the criteria of malignant mass at the cranial end of the vagina and the size of vaginal vault, the TVS demonstrated recurrency with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 83%, and overall occurrence of 90.4%.Identifying and characterizing cul‐de‐sac fluid is also greatly facilitated with TVS. Differentiation of clear serous fluid from hemorrhagic or exudative fluid by identifying echoes or septations within the fluid is possible. These fluid characteristics may be helpful in the detection of postradiation fibrosis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and ovarian malignancy, and may provide additional diagnostic clues to an otherwise nonspecific pelvic mass. Finally, carcinoma of the urinary bladder could be detected early by TVS and this technique should be an integral part of the ultrasound examination in all who are suspected of bladder carcinoma.
Estimated fetal weight in the detection of the small‐for‐menstrual‐age fetus
Authors: Dudley Nicholas John , Lamb Martin Piers , Hatfield Jennifer Alice , Copping Cynthia , Sidebottom Kathryn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the value of calculated fetal weight in the detection of the small‐for‐menstrual‐age fetus. An ultrasound screening scan was performed on 1624 singleton pregnancies at 30 weeks to 36 weeks, menstrual age. Head, abdomen, and femur diaphysis measurements were recorded and used to estimate fetal weight. These and other more widely used parameters were used to predict birth weight below the 10th percentile for menstrual age. Estimated fetal weight at 34 weeks achieved sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 70%, the best result for any parameter. Specificity is improved using growth measurements.
Sonographic measurement of the fetal femur: Factors affecting accuracy
Authors: Lessoway Victoria A. , Schulzer Michael , Wittmann Bernd K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVariations have been observed in the measurement of fetal femoral diaphysis length by ultrasound. This in vitro study examines the effect of depth, the angle of the bone relative to the axis of the sound beam, the machine, and the observer on the precision of measurement. Using analysis of variance techniques, it demonstrates that three of these factors (depth, angle, and machine) have significant effects. Depth‐associated variations were less than one millimeter and are probably not of clinical importance. However, the variations due to changes in angle are highly significant (P = <0.001:1 and may be controlled by obtaining the measurement with the femur perpendicular to the sound beam. Errors due to variation between machines were also highly significant (P = <0.001). When determining serial growth patterns, the errors due to variations between machines can be controlled by using the same machine for each examination. The variation between machines is also an important factor to consider when choosing a curve for reference purposes.
Ovarian varicocele: Ultrasonic and phlebographic evaluation
Authors: Giacchetto C. , Caruso G. , Cotroneo G. B. , Cammisuli F. , Catizone F. , Marincolo F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to suggest a new diagnostic approach to the “female varicocele syndrome” which utilizes transvaginal ultrasonography. The presence of circular or linear anechogenic structures with a diameter greater than 5 mm, which were found in transverse and oblique sections of the lateral fornices, was indicative of pelvic varices. The vascular nature of these structures was confirmed with the Valsalva's maneuver and in the upright position. The presence of “pelvic varices” was confirmed by retrograde phlebography of the left ovarian vein in 46% of the cases. In such cases the parity was greater than in subjects without “pelvic varices” (chi square = 12.75, p < 0.001), and the principal symptoms were characterized by pelvic pains and menstrual cycle disorders.
Neonatal cerebral venous flow velocity measurement using a color flow doppler system
Authors: Fenton Alan C. , Papathoma Eugenia , Evans David H. , Flnst P. , Levene Malcolm I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColor flow Doppler provides a simple means for studying blood flow velocity from the central cerebral veins in newborn infants. Twenty‐two term infants were examined during the first four days of life to establish a normal range for velocity from the vein of Galen. A wide range of velocities was found between individals (2.3 cm · s−1 to 9.5 cm · s−), but short‐term intraindividual variation was small (root mean square variation 1.1 cm · s−1). Light bilateral jugular venous compression was performed in 17 of the infants and produced a fall of up to 63% in venous flow velocity in 12 infants (p = 0.0005).
Transvaginal ultrasound scanning in early pregnancy and correlation with human chorionic gonadotropin levels
Authors: Daya Salim , Woods Sheila , Ward Susan , Lappalainen Ray , Caco Chris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPregnancy can be detected early using transvaginal ultrasonography and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements. The purpose of this study was to correlate serum hCG levels with transvaginal gestational sac measurements. The mean sac diameter (MSD) and gestational sac diameter (GSD) were calculated as the mean and cube root of the product, repsectively, of three sac dimensions taken at right angles. A nonlinear relationship between hCG (natural logarithm) and MSD and GSD was observed. The data were best fitted by a second order polynomial regression model (r2 = 0.98), thereby establishing normal hCG levels for various gestational sac dimensions in early pregnancy.
Ultrasound changes in abdominal echinococcosis treated with albendazole
Authors: Sciarrino Elio , Virdone Roberto , Lo Iacono Oreste , Fusco Giorgio , Ricca Teresa , Cottone Mario , Maringhini Alberto , Monica Antonella Della 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty patients with 81 abdominal hydatid cysts were followed with ultrasound during and after treatment with albendazole. In 61 cysts (75%), regressive changes were observed after treatment. Detachment of the membrane and change to a solid pattern in anechoic cysts were observed. Disappearance of septa or change to a solid pattern in anechoic cysts with intracystic septation were also found. There was an increase of hyperechoic structures in cysts with a mixed pattern. Follow‐up ultrasound examination showed disappearance of 7 cysts, while anechoic structures reappeared in five cases. In anechoic cysts, regressive changes due to albendazole seem to be permanent, but in cysts with a mixed pattern recurrences are sometimes observed.
Computerized ultrasound B‐scan texture analysis of experimental diffuse parenchymal liver disease: Correlation with histopathology and tissue composition
Authors: Layer Guenter , Zuna Ivan , Lorenz Adolf , Zerban Heide , Haberkorn Uwe , Bannasch Peter , van Kaick Gerhard , Räth Ulrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy means of statistical pattern recognition procedures, a quantitative description of the ultrasound B‐scan images of experimental diffuse liver disease has been carried out. Fatty livers, fatty fibrosis/cirrhosis, and cirrhosis without fatty infiltration of the liver were studied in female Wistar rats. Separation accuracies of more than 80% between the tissue classes “normal” vs “fatty infiltration,” or “normal” vs “fatty cirrhosis,” using only two statistical image parameters were found. A subclassification of the diffuse parenchymal liver disease was not possible. It is shown by multiple linear regression analysis that the image parameter “mean grey level” correlates better with total lipid content than with the amount of connective tissue. Furthermore it is demonstrated that connective tissue leads only to a weak increase in “mean grey level,” whereas the addition of connective tissue to a given tissue lipid can lead to a reduction in image brightness.
Ultrasound‐guided aspiration biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses
Authors: Tikkakoski Tapani , Lohela Pentti , Leppänen Martti , Apaja‐Sarkkinen Meeri , Typpö Tapani , Mäkäräinen Hanna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive anterior mediastinal tumors were biopsied with a fine needle under ultrasound guidance. All the tumors were solid, hypoechoic, perivascularly situated masses. Their mean diameter was 7.2 cm. Cytologically there were 2 mediastinal metastatic carcinomas, 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 germ‐cell tumor (embryonal cell carcinoma), and 1 malignant lymphoma or thymoma. There were no complications. Ultrasound‐guided anterior mediastinal aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid procedure in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses. Biopsy of a mediastinal mass enables simultaneous diagnosis and staging. Mediastinoscopy and diagnostic thoracotomy can be avoided.
Ultrasound appearance of the hip joint in newborns during the first week of life
Authors: Sośsnierz Andrzej , Karel Marek , Maj Stanislaw , Kolanko Grzegorz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency of different types of hip joints in newborns was determined on the basis of ultrasound screening examinations performed during the first week of life. A higher percentage (14.1%) of abnormal hip joints were seen in comparison with the groups examined in later weeks of life suggesting the possibility of natural improvement in a number of cases. The more frequent appearance of pathology in girls was confirmed. Further investigations on the natural history of hip joint development in the newborn and on the general principles of screening examinations are needed.
Sonography of large scrotal infections
Authors: Jafri S. Zafar H. , Bree Robert L. , Madrazo Beatrice L. , Loginsky Stephan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have described 14 cases of large scrotal infections with diffuse involvement of testis and epididymis, thick septations within the cavity, and associated thickening of the scrotal wall and tunica albuginea. The combination of these findings should help distinguish this process from a diffuse neoplastic involvement of the testis where the scrotal wall is almost always of normal thickness. The presence of patchy inhomogenous testicular echo pattern should alert the sonologist to the presence of diffuse suppurative epididymo‐orchitis, which may result in necrosis with subsequent orchiectomy in such patients.
Improved delineation of the gallbladder wall with ultrasonography: Its value in assessment of the depth of carcinoma invasion
Authors: Lu Ming‐De , Hirata Tsuneo , Nishihara Kazuyoshi , Yamasaki Kouji , Nakayama Fumio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined 30 surgically removed gallbladders with ultrasound using a 10 MHz transducer in a water bath. The sonographic structure of gallbladder wall was imaged as 5 layers. The layer 3, a well‐defined hyperechoic zone, was confirmed histologically as corresponding to the boundary between subserosa and muscularis. Since the spreading of gallbladder carcinoma beyond the muscle coat is an important prognostic indicator, high resolution images may well be used to advantage in assessing gallbladder wall penetration intraoperatively, enabling the surgeon to choose the proper operative procedure.
Echocardiographic contrast imaging of the human right heart: A multicenter study of the efficacy, safety, and reproducibility of intravenous SHU‐454
Authors: Rovai Daniele , Lombardi Massimo , Cini Giuseppe , Morales Maria Aurora , Colonna Maria , Bechelli Giorgio , Marino Paolo , Zanolla Luisa , Prioli Maria Antonia , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Pavan Daniela , Zanuttini Domenico , Iliceto Sabino , Izzi Michele , Rizzon Paolo , L'Abbate Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe contrast agent SHU‐454 was intravenously injected in 103 patients during echocardiography: 37 mL/patient ± 7 ml/patient. The quality of the contrast effect was optimal in 13, good in 51, sufficient in 30, and poor in 9 patients; reproducibility was optimal in 38, good in 46, sufficient in 17, and poor in 2 patients. Taste sensation, arm discomfort, or atypical chest pain occurred in 5 patients, premature ventricular contractions in 3. An isolated anginal attack occurred in 1 patient with frequent episodes at rest. A slight reduction in hematologic indices was attributed to hemodilution. Thus, SHU‐454 produces a good and reproducible contrast effect with tolerable side effects.
Update on safety of diagnostic ultrasonography
Authors: Miller Douglas L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSafety considerations for diagnostic ultrasonography have gradually changed as new instruments, not only more powerful in performance but also in ultrasonic exposure, have come into use. Nonthermal cavitational bioeffects of ultrasound have a problematic role in risk assessment for clinical applications, but should serve as cautionary reminders that there potentially could be low‐level risks. Recent analyses have indicated possible areas of concern related to the thermal mechanism of bioeffects, particularly if trends for higher intensities continue into the future. The most critical area of concern is in fetal examinations, for which developing bone is unavoidably heated by relatively powerful pulsed‐Doppler beams. Fortunately, because of the threshold nature of thermal damage, development of flexible, use‐driven upper limits on output should completely resolve this impending safety problem. The ultrasonics community is now responding to these evolving safety issues with improved instrument characterization standards, new bioeffects research, and initiatives in continuing education for sonographers.
Choroid plexus dysmorphism detected by transvaginal sonography: The earliest sign of fetal hydrocephalus
Authors: Bronshtein Moshe , Ben‐Shlomo Izhar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal intracranial pathology detected in the early second trimester during 1237 transvaginal sonographic scans is presented. In a sharp contrast to simple choroid cysts, which disappear at the end of the second trimester as part of a benign course, gross distortion of the choroid plexus was found to be related to the later diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Three patterns of this abnormality are early absence of the plexus, hypoplasia and shrinkage, and “Swiss cheese” appearance. Ventriculomegaly in hydropic fetuses does not distort the normal architecture of the choroid plexus. Certain abnormal features of the choroid plexus, observed as early as the 14th week, menstrual age, are landmarks of developing hydrocephalus, currently detectable only later in pregnancy.
Echocardiographic evaluation of the valves and roots of the pulmonary artery and aorta in the developing fetus
Authors: Deng Jing , Cheng Pei‐Xuan , Gao Shu‐Ying , Wen Liang‐Zhen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause of the fluid‐filled lungs in the fetus, the ultrasound beam can penetrate to the root of the pulmonary artery perpendicularly. Using M‐mode echocardiography, the following dimensions were measured: the pulmonary and aortic valve excursion in 19 fetuses, and the pulmonary and aortic root internal diameter in 70 fetuses, between 18 and 42 weeks, menstrual age. The measured dimensions were then correlated with the biparietal diameter. The correlation coefficients for the measurements ranged from 0.873 to 0.892. Regression analysis showed that the best fit of the data was a linear model from which the 5% and 95% confidence limits were derived for individual predictions of the arterial dimensions. The ratios of the pulmonary/aortic valve excursion and the pulmonary/aortic internal diameter were approximately 1 : 1. These results are of potential value in the prenatal detection of great arterial valve or root diseases.
Accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography for detection of hematosalpinx in ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Atri Mostafa , Stempel Jeannette De , Bret Patrice M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe transvaginal approach has significantly improved the accuracy of ultrasonography for the detection of ectopic pregnancy. However, there has been limited emphasis given to determining the sensitivity of ultrasonography when a hematosalpinx was used as a specific finding to identify an ectopic pregnancy. The sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasonography was evaluated for the detection of a hematosalpinx defined as an “echogenic homogeneous or inhomogeneous, rounded or elongated structure” in a group of patients with surgically proven ectopic pregnancy. Retrospectively, transvaginal ultrasonography showed a hematosalpinx in 16 out of 18 (88.8%) tubal pregnancies. In 6/6 (100%) patients with a ruptured tube and 10/12 (83.3%) patients with an unruptured tube, a hematosalpinx was detected sonographically. A gestational sac with a live embryo was seen in 26.3% of these patients. The significance of identifying a hematosalpinx, predictability of rupture and implication in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy are discussed.
Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: Sonographic evaluation
Authors: Wibulpolprasert Bussanee , Dhiensiri Tula 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and seven patients who had intrahepatic tumor that demonstrated by sonography, and proved histologically, to be cholangiocarcinoma (CC), were reviewed retrospectively. Two main tumor patterns were found, namely the nodular form (N = 101) and the infiltrative form (N = 6); 33 of 101 patients with nodular lesions had solitary masses and 18 had multiple masses. The echogenicity of primary tumors were hyperechoic (N = 56), hypoechoic (N = 15), isoechoic (N = 10), and mixed‐echoic (N = 20). A peripheral hypoechoic rim was present in 35 primary tumors (34.7%). Peripheral bile duct dilatation was seen in 33 patients (30.8%). Extrahepatic extension was found at operation in 46 of 52 patients (88.5%), while it was demonstrable by ultrasonography in only 16 (30.8%). Five of 6 small lesions (3 cm and less) already had an extrahepatic extension.