bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a training programme designed to teach cervical smear screeners to identify ocular surface squamous neoplasia using conjunctival impression cytology
Authors: NOLAN G. R. , HIRST L. W. , BANCROFT B. J. 
Published: May 2007

Efficacy of a training programme designed to teach cervical smear screeners to identify ocular surface squamous neoplasia using conjunctival impression cytology Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a recently proposed term introduced to encompass both intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and cornea. A teaching programme incorporating a manual, slide sets, and an evaluation test was developed. The aim was to teach experienced cervical smear screeners to evaluate ocular surface specimens collected by conjunctival impression cytology, with a minimum of individual tuition. The use of the manual was well accepted and half of the original six candidates were able to master the new skill adequately within 8 h. It was considered that the differences between the cytology of OSSN and the equivalent lesions of the uterine cervix are sufficient to prevent some experienced screeners acquiring these skills rapidly.
Small‐scale in vivo imaging of soft tissues by radioscopy using single X‐ray photon counting
Authors: HANUS ROBERT , DAMMER JIŘÍ , HOLÝ TOMÁŠ , JAKŮBEK JAN , POSPÍŠIL STANISLAV , TYKVA RICHARD 
Published: May 2007

SummaryA method has been developed for routine laboratory visualisation of small‐scale soft tissue by means of transmission X‐ray radioscopy and tomography. Using termites as models, imaging quality with a spatial resolution of about 3 μm was achieved and 3D tomographic reconstruction was demonstrated. A termite worker individual was visualized before and after its metamorphosis towards the soldier caste. The developed methodology represents a non‐invasive and real‐time way of acquiring 3D anatomic data with a high contrast so that it is a promising candidate to become a tool for routine investigations in life sciences.
Knockdown resistance to heat stress and slow recovery from chill coma are genetically associated in a quantitative trait locus region of chromosome 2 in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: NORRY FABIAN M. , GOMEZ FEDERICO H. , LOESCHCKE VOLKER 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn insects, two ecologically relevant traits of thermal adaptation are knockdown resistance to high temperature (KRHT) and chill‐coma recovery (CCR). Chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster was tested for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting both CCR and KRHT in backcrosses between homosequential lines that are fixed for the standard (noninverted) sequence of this autosome. These lines were obtained by artificial selection on KRHT and subsequent inbreeding from a stock that was derived from a single wild population. Heat‐induced expression of the 70KD heat‐shock protein (Hsp70) was also examined for variation between the lines. Composite interval mapping was performed for each trait on each reciprocal backcross, identifying one QTL region in the middle of chromosome 2 for both KRHT and CCR. The largest estimates of additive effects were found in pericentromeric regions of chromosome 2, accounting for 10–14% (CCR) and 10–17% (KRHT) of the phenotypic variance in BC populations. No QTL was found in the region of the heat‐shock factor (hsf) gene. However, the two parental lines have diverged in the heat‐induced Hsp70 expression. Distribution of KRHT QTL on chromosome 2 was similar between this study based on crosses between lines selected from a single wild population and previous work based on crosses between selection lines from different continents. Colocalized QTL showed a trade–off association between CCR and KRHT, which should be the result of either multiple, tightly linked trait‐specific genes or a single gene with pleiotropic effects on the traits. We discuss candidate loci contained within the QTL regions.
On the three-dimensional structure of edge-on disc galaxies
Authors: Pohlen Michael , Zaroubi Saleem , Peletier Reynier F. , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
A simple algorithm is employed to deproject the two-dimensional images of a pilot sample of 12 high-quality images of edge-on disc galaxies and to study their intrinsic three-dimensional (3D) stellar distribution. We examine the radial profiles of the stars as a function of height above the plane and report a general trend within our sample of an increasing radial scalelength with height outside of the dust lane. This could be explained by the widespread presence of a thick disc component in these galaxies. In addition, the 3D view allows the study of the vertical distribution of the outer disc, beyond the break region, where we detect a significant increase in scalelength with vertical distance from the major axis for the truncated discs. This could be regarded as a weakening of the ‘truncation’ with increasing distance from the plane. Furthermore, we conclude that the recently revised classification of the radial surface brightness profiles found for face-on galaxies is indeed independent of geometry. In particular, we find at least one example of each of the three main profile classes as defined in complete samples of intermediate to face-on galaxies: not-truncated, truncated and antitruncated. The position and surface brightness that mark the break location in the radial light distribution are found to be consistent with those of face-on galaxies.
Microvascular Architecture of the Near‐term Uterine Caruncles in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Abd‐Elnaeim M. M. M. , Miglino M. A. , Leiser R. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe present investigation was carried out on five near‐term pregnant water buffaloes for studying the microvascular architecture of the uterine caruncles. The vascular casts were obtained by injection of 4:1 mixture of mercox and methylmethacrylate through the branches of the uterine arteries. After complete polymerization of the plastic, corrosion was conducted in 20% potassium hydroxide, then the vessel casts were immersed in distilled water, cut into small pieces, sputter coated with gold, and examined by using a scanning electron microscope. The buffalo uterine caruncle is highly vascularized through two slightly convoluted arteries and a single less tortuous vein. The arteries branch into several stem arteries at the base of the uterine caruncle, which follow nearly straight course in the primary septa towards the fetal side. During the courses of these stem arteries arterioles of variable diameters arise. The arterioles run in the secondary and tertiary septae and at this location arterioles and venules are connected through a voluminous capillary complex. The latter consists of capillaries of greatly variable diameters with vigorous coiling and sinusoidally dilated zones. From the capillary complexes the blood is driven through postcapillary venules back to the tertiary, secondary and primary septa, respectively, and then converge into stem veins which leave the caruncles through the branches of the uterine vein.
Safety, tolerability and satisfaction with tegaserod therapy in Asia–Pacific patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Fock Kwong M , Wagner Amy ,   the Asia Pacific Gastroenterology Group
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The 5‐HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod (6 mg b.i.d.) provides significantly better overall multiple symptom relief compared with placebo in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C). The clinical benefit and safety of tegaserod in IBS‐C patients has been demonstrated worldwide in several studies. The aim of this study was to obtain further safety and tolerability data in patients with IBS in the Asia–Pacific region, and to assess patients' satisfaction and compliance with treatment and willingness to re‐use tegaserod in a post‐marketing setting.Methods:  A multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label trial was conducted at 869 outpatient centers in 10 countries. Men and women with IBS, whose predominant bowel symptom was not diarrhea (non‐D‐IBS), received tegaserod for 4–12 weeks. Safety and tolerability were assessed by recording adverse events (AE). Patients were questioned about compliance, satisfaction with treatment and willingness to use tegaserod in future.Results:  Data were available from 14 537 patients (18% men, 82% women). Four percent of patients reported at least one AE. The most common AE were diarrhea (2%) and abdominal pain (1%), and most treatment‐related AE occurred in the first week of treatment. Serious AE (SAE) were observed in eight patients, and no deaths were reported. Most patients (79%) reported to be satisfied or very satisfied with treatment, and 76% stated they would use tegaserod in the future. Compliance was 97%.Conclusions:  Tegaserod has a favorable safety and tolerability profile for treating non‐D‐IBS and IBS‐C in men and women in the Asia–Pacific region. Satisfaction with tegaserod treatment can be expected in the majority of patients.
Parent‐initiated oral corticosteroid therapy for intermittent wheezing illnesses in children: Systematic review
Authors: Vuillermin Peter J , Robertson Colin F , South Mike 
Published: May 2007

Aim:  Intermittent wheezing illnesses, which include viral‐associated wheeze and asthma, are among the most common reasons for children to present urgently to a doctor. The objectives of this systematic review were to assess the benefits and harmful effects of parent‐initiated oral corticosteroids (PIOCS) in the management of intermittent wheezing illness in children.Methods:  The Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science and Dissertation Abstracts were searched. Only randomised clinical trials studying patients aged between 1 and 18 years, with an intermittent wheezing illness were included.Results:  From 572 original citations, a total of two randomised clinical trials (303 randomised participants) were included. The quality of the included trials was high; however, marked clinical heterogeneity precluded a meta‐analysis. The two trials did not find evidence that PIOCS are associated with a benefit in terms of hospital admissions, unscheduled medical reviews, symptoms scores, or bronchodilator use.Conclusion:  Limited current evidence is available and it is inconclusive regarding the benefit from PIOCS therapy in the treatment of intermittent wheezing illnesses in children. Oral corticosteroids have a clearly defined role in the management of acute asthma in the hospital setting. Therefore, it is reasonable for clinicians to recommend PIOCS when (i) the child has a history of severe acute asthma; and (ii) the parents are able to assess asthma status. However, widespread use of PIOCS cannot be recommended until the benefits and harms can be clarified further.
Developmental outcomes at the age of two years for very premature babies managed with nasal prong continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: Stack Jacqueline A , Jalaludin Bin 
Published: May 2007

Aims:  To describe the developmental progress of very premature babies at the age of 2 years, who were managed in an era where nasal prong continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was the preferred method for the management of initial respiratory disease.Methods:  Two groups of very premature babies of <32 weeks gestation were compared, the first being managed with an intubation and mandatory ventilation approach, and the second being managed with a CPAP approach. The groups are compared with regard to the presence of brain injury, retinopathy and requiring discharge home on oxygen and then at 2 years, for language impairment, non‐ambulatory cerebral palsy and significant developmental delay. The study is designed as an audit of data collected prospectively and longitudinally for babies born from 1998 to 2002.Results:  A significant number of babies were successfully managed on CPAP in the second era and significantly fewer received post‐natal steroids. The number being discharged home on oxygen, brain injury and retinopathy were similar in the two groups. Developmental outcome assessed at 2 years of age was the same in both eras.Conclusions:  A CPAP approach to the management of initial respiratory disease in premature babies of less than 32 weeks gestation at birth is associated with no measurable developmental advantage or disadvantage at 2 years of age.
Improving the management of acute coronary syndromes in Australia: translating evidence to outcomes
Authors: Huynh L. T. , Phillips P. A. , Chew D. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCardiovascular disease imposes a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality on the Australian community. This situation is likely to exacerbate as the number of elderly Australians increase. Management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is underpinned by a robust evidence base, which is outlined in clinical practice guidelines. Yet, despite wide diffusion of guidelines, many Australians who experience acute coronary syndromes do not receive optimal care. This article reviews what we have learnt from previous quality improvement initiatives and discusses what we need to know to improve acute coronary syndromes management in Australia.
Long‐term effects of a short course of neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue and radical radiotherapy on the hormonal profile in patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Murthy Vedang , Norman Andrew R. , Barbachano Yolanda , Parker Christopher C. , Dearnaley David P. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess whether a long‐term follow‐up shows any reduction in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, which could result in declining testosterone levels in men with localized prostate cancer, as most (96%) men have testosterone levels within the normal range by 1 year after treatment with a short course of LH‐releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) and radiotherapy, and LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) remain high at 1 year after treatment, maintaining the testosterone levels.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe prospectively evaluated 55 patients who previously had a short course of LHRHa (median 97 days, range 28–167) and radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Eligible patients had documented normal testosterone, LH and FSH levels at baseline and at 1–3 years after radiotherapy. LH, FSH and testosterone were then measured at 5 years after treatment.RESULTSThe mean hormone levels before, at 1–3 years and at 5 years after treatment, respectively, were: testosterone (nmol/L), 15.33, 13.98, 12.97; LH (U/L), 5.51, 9.95, 6.95; and FSH (U/L), 7.95, 22.40, 17.00. The decrease in testosterone level at 5 years vs 1–3 years was not statistically significant and was of little clinical relevance (P = 0.057). LH and FSH levels were higher at 1–3 years than at baseline and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) at 5 years towards the baseline value. The decrease in FSH level was less marked than for LH.CONCLUSIONAfter a short course of LHRHa and radiotherapy, the testosterone level was maintained at 5 years. LH levels decreased towards the baseline value, suggesting recovery of Leydig cell function. FSH levels remained high, suggesting persistent Sertoli cell damage from treatment.
Research Review: Can we justify the widespread dissemination of universal, school‐based interventions for the prevention of depression among children and adolescents?
Authors: Spence Susan H , Shortt Alison L. 
Published: May 2007

This review examines the evidence concerning the efficacy and effectiveness of universal, school‐based interventions designed to prevent the development of depression in children and adolescents. It evaluates the outcomes of research in relation to standards of evidence specified by the Society for Prevention Research (Flay et al., 2005). The limited evidence available brings into doubt the efficacy and effectiveness of current universal, school‐based approaches to the prevention of depression, suggesting that the widespread dissemination of such interventions would be premature. Relatively brief programs, that focus specifically on enhancing individual skills and characteristics of the individual in the absence of environmental change, may be insufficient to produce lasting effects in the prevention of depression among children and adolescents.
An Analysis of the Political Complexion of the 1835/6 Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures
Authors: Romans Mervyn 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe 1835/6 Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures is generally acknowledged as being the key political event in the establishment of a system of public art and design education in Britain. The immediate outcome of its deliberations was the opening of the Normal School of Design in London in 1837 followed by the steady expansion of the system over the course of the nineteenth century, with art schools being opened in most major towns and cities throughout the country. The Minutes and Report from this Select Committee therefore represent the most important primary source for historians seeking rationales for the introduction of governmentally funded art and design education in Britain. Despite this, the workings of this Select Committee remains under‐researched in a number of important directions. This article sets out to look at one of these ‐ namely, the politicians who sat on the 1835/6 Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures.
Regulation and guidance of cell behavior for tissue regeneration via the siRNA mechanism
Authors: Cheema Sangeeta K. , Chen Ellen , Shea Lonnie D. , Mathur Anshu B. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTRNA intereference and short‐interfering RNA (siRNA) have been proven to be effective at decreasing the expression of target genes and provide a valuable tool for promoting and directing the growth of functional tissues for repair and reconstructive tissue engineering applications. siRNA is a gene‐silencing mechanism that involves double‐stranded RNA‐mediated sequence‐specific mRNA degradation and is a powerful mechanism for controlling cell behavior. The use of siRNA to reduce the expression of a target gene can induce the expression of one or more tissue‐inductive factors, direct the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells, or remove a factor that inhibits regeneration, which can be useful in fundamental studies of tissue formation or in applications to promote in vivo regeneration. The potential of siRNA is illustrated through specific examples within the fields of angiogenesis, bone and nerve regeneration, and wound healing. In addition, challenges to deliver siRNA effectively for tissue engineering applications are addressed. siRNA represents a powerful tool to investigate and/or promote tissue formation, and numerous opportunities exist for identifying targets that promote regeneration of tissue and developing effective delivery systems.
Treatment of recalcitrant venous leg ulcers with autologous keratinocytes in fibrin sealant: A multinational randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Vanscheidt W. , Ukat A. , Horak V. , Brüning H. , Hunyadi J. , Pavlicek R. , Emter M. , Hartmann A. , Bende J. , Zwingers Th. , Ermuth T. , Eberhardt R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIn a multicenter trial, the effect of a commercially available combination of autologous keratinocytes (3–6 × 106/mL) with fibrin sealant (Tissucol Duo S Immuno, Baxter Hyland Immuno) on the healing of recalcitrant venous leg ulcers (duration >3 months) was compared with standard care. The primary endpoint was time to healing, and the secondary endpoint was number of healed ulcers in both groups. Both groups received compression therapy with short‐stretch bandages. Forty‐four (38.3%) of the 116 patients who had BioSeed®‐S treatment achieved complete healing of the target ulcer compared with 24 (22.4%) of 109 patients who received standard treatment. The advantage for treatment with BioSeed®‐S over standard treatment was statistically significant (chi‐square test: p=0.0106). Time to complete healing of ulcers: the log‐rank test for equality over strata revealed a superiority of treatment with BioSeed®‐S+compression (median: 176 days) over compression+standard care (median >201 days) (p<0.0001). This study, to date the largest multicenter study with autologous keratinocytes, provides evidence for its efficacy in the treatment of patients with therapy‐resistant chronic venous leg ulcers.
Structural Determinants of Slow Conduction in the Canine Sinus Node
Authors: SAFFITZ JEFFREY E. , GREEN KAREN G. , SCHUESSLER RICHARD B. 
Published: May 2007

Structure of Sinus Node Gap Junctions. Introduction: To elucidate the role of tissue structure as a determinant of the unique conduction properties of the sinus node. we compared the spatial distribution of intercellular connections at gap junctions in the sinus node to the more rapidly conducting crista terminalis and left ventricle, which have been studied previously. Methods and Results: Samples of four canine sinus nodes were prepared for electron microscopy. The total number and spatial orientation of neighboring myocytes connected by ultrastructurally identified intercalated disks and gap junctions to nine randomly selected index cells were determined by sequentially examining subserial sections. Sinus node cells were sparsely interconnected compared to the extent of interconnections observed previously in other tissues. A typical sinus node cell was connected to only 4.8 ± 0.7 neighbors compared with 11.3 ± 2.2 cells in the left ventricle and 6.4 ± 1.7 cells in the crista terminalis. Sinus node interconnections occurred at small intercalated disks that usually connected cells in partial side‐to‐side and end‐to‐end juxtaposition. In contrast, left ventricular myocytes are interconnected at large intercalated disks that adjoin many cells in pure side‐to‐side and end‐to‐end orientations. Crista terminalis myocytes are connected primarily in end‐to‐end fashion. The aggregate gap junction profile length per unit myocyte area was 26.5 times greater in the left ventricle and 5.0 times greater in the crista terminalis than in the sinus node. Conclusion: Sinus node myocytes exhibit small, sparsely distributed gap junctions that interconnect cells in complex patterns of lateral and terminal apposition. These structural features are consistent with the unique conduction properties of the sinus node.
Agonal Sequences in a Filmed Suicidal Hanging: Analysis of Respiratory and Movement Responses to Asphyxia by Hanging*
Authors: Sauvageau Anny , Racette Stéphanie 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:The forensic literature on the pathophysiology of human hanging is still limited. Therefore, forensic pathologists often feel uncomfortable when confronted with related questions. Here presented is the filmed suicidal hanging of a 37‐year‐old man. This recording allows a unique analysis of agonal movement sequences: loss of consciousness (13 sec), convulsions (15 sec), decortication rigidity (21 sec), decerebration rigidity (46 sec), second decortication rigidity (1 min 11 sec), loss of muscle tone, (1 min 38 sec) and last isolated muscle movement (4 min 10 sec). As for respiratory responses, very deep respiratory attempts started at 20 sec. Respiratory movements progressively decreased and completely stopped at 2 min. Despite the fact that extending the presented data on all cases of hanging asphyxia would be a mistake, this case gives a very interesting insight into movement and respiratory response to asphyxia by hanging.