bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Prediction of Petrophysical Properties of an Albian Carbonate Reservoir in the Campos Basin (Southeastern Brazil)
Authors: Carrasquilla A. , Guerra R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
—Permeability is one of the most significant and challenging parameters to estimate when characterizing an oil reservoir. Several empirical methods with geophysical borehole logs have been employed to estimate it indirectly. They include the Timur model, which uses conventional logs, and the Timur–Coates model, which uses the nuclear magnetic resonance log. The first goal of this study was to evaluate porosity, because it directly impacts permeability estimates. Deterministic and stochastic inversions were then carried out, as the main objective of this work was to estimate the permeability in a carbonate reservoir of the Campos Basin, Southeastern Brazil. The ridge regression scheme was used to invert the Timur and Timur–Coates equations deterministically. The stochastic inversion was later solved using fuzzy logic as the forward problem, and the Monte Carlo method was utilized to assess uncertainty. The goodness of fit for the estimations was all checked with porosity and permeability laboratory data using the Pearson correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Willmott’s agreement index (d). The results for the Timur model were R = 0.41; RMSE = 333.28; MAE = 95.56; and d = 0.55. These values were worse for the Timur–Coates model, with R = 0.39; RMSE = 355.28; MAE = 79.35; and d = 0.51. The Timur model with flow zones had R = 0.55; RMSE = 210.88; MAE = 116.66; and d = 0.84, which outperformed the other two models. The deterministic inversion showed, thus, little ability to adapt to the significant variations of the permeability values along the well, as can be seen from comparing these three approaches. However, the stochastic inversion using three bins had R = 0.35; RMSE = 320.27; MAE = 190.93; and d = 0.73, looking worse than the deterministic inversion. In the meantime, the stochastic inversion with six bins successfully adjusted the set of laboratory observations, because it provides R = 0.87; RMSE = 156.81; MAE = 74.60; and d = 0.92. This way, the last approach has proven it can produce a reliable solution with consistent parameters and an accurate permeability estimation.
Pemex’s Deepwater Ambitions Return
Authors: Wright Blake 
Published: April 2024

Pemex, Mexico’s state oil company, is laying the groundwork for a new round of deepwater exploration in the Gulf of Mexico in hopes to land a new elephant or two that could play a meaningful role in reversing the country’s downward production trajectory in the coming years.
The company has seen its crude oil production cut in half since 2004 when production peaked at around 3.8 million B/D. By 2019, that number had fallen to nearly 1.8 million B/D. Levels have stabilized in recent years with the current estimate being just over 1.9 million B/D.
Since taking office in 2018, Mexico President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has directed the operator to concentrate its drilling activity on less costly areas such as shallow water and onshore. Pemex is the world’s most indebted oil company with a debt load in excess of $100 billion.
“We haven’t heard of any really large discovery recently,” said Diego Becerril, research manager, global analyst upstream team with Wood Mackenzie. “It’s been a couple of years since they last announced a giant discovery. They used to do it every year.
“They were able to kind of control the production decline for a few years—2022 and 2023—I think by continuing to explore near areas that they already know, which in the end, doesn’t have that much prospectivity, but they can bring it online in a relatively short term and add volumes into the production portfolio. But moving forward they still need more resources. That is probably part of the reason we’re seeing a change of strategy going into deep water,” he said.
The operator’s early deepwater exploration campaign in the mid-2000s was greeted with mixed results. The program yielded one known commercial gas discovery at Lakach. Other wells—Nab-1 (oil), Lalail-1 (gas), and Noxal-1 (gas)—all yielded hydrocarbons, but none of those finds were thought to be standalone development candidates.
The debt burden has not prevented Pemex from planning more than $1 billion in investment in deepwater drilling to be conducted over the next several years. In February, hydrocarbons regulator CNH approved an updated plan for drilling in the Holok-Han area. The $400 million-plus investment plan follows 20 years of drilling in the area, during which 14 wells were drilled over that time—13 exploration wells and one delineation well—but no development plans emerged as a result of the program.
The revised plan has Pemex drilling up to seven additional exploration wells in Holok-Han targeting Lower Eocene, Lower Pliocene, and Lower Miocene-aged reservoirs.
CNH also approved plans for fresh drilling in the Perdido area. The $680 million program would see Pemex drill exploration wells in seven blocks near the US/Mexico maritime border and on trend with large finds on the US side. The bulk of the drilling would take place in 2026, likely utilizing Transocean drillship Deepwater Invictus, which will be under contract with Pemex for a 1,080-day period starting in late 2025.
Pemex has identified more than 2 billion BOE in Perdido, according to CNH. The operator drilled 28 exploration wells from 2012 to 2019 in the area.
Technology Focus: Natural Gas Processing and Handling (April 2024)
Authors: Nagoo Anand 
Published: April 2024

In the realm of natural gas processing and handling, the integration of new technologies and innovative approaches plays a pivotal role in driving sustainable advancements and value gains. These advancements are crucial for enhancing operational efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, and meeting the increasing global demand for natural gas as a key fuel powering the energy evolution.
Recent research has highlighted the significance of innovative technologies in this field. For instance, paper SPE 216098 presents a case study from the Gulf of Thailand in which emissions were reduced with a breakthrough in lean (extremely low-BTU) gas flare-tip technology.
Additionally, paper SPE 216883 explores the application of the annular injection mixer concept for use in the evaporation of heavy hydrocarbon in a natural gas stream within a short distance. This technology of evaporating heavy hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum gas streams offers significant cost benefits for plant development because it could prevent the installation of an evaporator and increase the market value of the product.
Finally, paper SPE 214974 describes a new chemical-free process that has been developed with a small carbon footprint to capture exhaust from natural gas drive compressors (reducing emissions) and support gas-fueled production equipment. The novel technology presented incorporates practical solutions for operators to reduce their greenhouse-gas Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions while maintaining their preferred natural gas fuel source at their midstream, transport, and production sites.
These highlighted papers are merely a sampling of a larger theme of how the integration of new technologies and innovative approaches is paramount for driving value gains in natural gas processing and handling. Such advancements will play a crucial role in improving efficiency, reducing methane emissions, improving safety standards, and ensuring the sustainability of the natural gas sector in the future.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 215386 Low-Cost Approach To Significantly Reduce Operational Cost and Improve Facility Reliability in Banyu Urip Acid Gas Removal Unit by Vicky Wijaya, ExxonMobil, et al.
SPE 215113 Underground Gas Storage Capacity Estimation Considering Water Evaporation and Salt Precipitation in Depleted Gas Reservoirs: Method and Case Study in W23 UGS by Youwei He, Southwest Petroleum University, et al.
IPTC 22799 Success Story of the Development of Extremely Low-BTU Flare-Tip Technology by Boonyakorn Assavanives, PTTEP, et al.
Hybrid Technology Incorporated Into Colombian Heavy Oil Field Development Plan
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 213199, “Incorporating Hybrid Technology of CSS and Foam in Heavy Oil Field Development Plans: Practical Experiences and Lessons Learned,” by Romel A. Perez, SPE, Hector A. Rodriguez, and Jorge E. Romero, Ecopetrol, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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A research and development project was conducted to study the use of preformed foams to improve cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). The field results showed benefits in incremental oil production, improvements in energy efficiency, and reduction in carbon intensity. Based on those outcomes, and with the goal of extending the production life of mature assets, the hybrid technology of CSS plus foam improvements was incorporated into the heavy oil field development plans of the Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV) basin in Colombia.

Pilot Results: 2019–2022
CSS maturity is one of the major challenges in the MMV. Many wells report more than 10 steam cycles, decreasing oil productivity, and a trend of shorter steam cycles (less than 10 months). Most injected steam drained the higher-flow-capacity intervals based on the permeability contrast within the pay zone and openhole completions. Therefore, the bullhead injection of preformed foam improvements implemented before the steam cycle was proposed as part of a conformance strategy. The main goal of the pilot test was to demonstrate the efficiency of the hybrid technology, extend the production life of steam cycles, increase oil recovery, and improve energy efficiency and carbon footprint.
The CSS pilot was implemented in six wells of the Teca-Cocorna field (Fig. 1). Performance was evaluated in terms of incremental oil, carbon intensity, and energy efficiency. A similar approach was proposed to evaluate energy efficiency and greenhouse emissions of CSS and hybrid CSS based on numerical simulations and the performance of two wells in Block D-80 in China.
By the end of this stage, an incremental oil of approximately 32,000 STB was confirmed. Only one well recorded almost 50% of the total incremental oil of the pilot, and one well was only evaluated for 6 months because of a mechanical failure. Incremental oil recoveries and geochemical analysis confirmed the potential of this hybrid steam method to target unswept zones in idle or marginal wells operating since the 1980s. Additionally, the Teca-Cocorna pilot reduced carbon intensity and improved energy efficiency by 56% and 54%, respectively.
The reduction of the carbon intensity from 83 (baseline) to 46 kg CO2/STB represents an important achievement in terms of environmental benefits and highlights the fact that the volume of natural gas used to generate steam was optimized by using less gas by extending steam cycles to a minimum of 9 months. In other words, the CCS/foam cycle can produce as much oil as two CCS cycles in the pilot wells.
Water Management Strategy Across ADNOC Oil and Gas Operations
Authors: Madhi Adnan A , Reddy Vijaya Bhaskar , Al Ameri Lubna , Abdelmobdy Mahmoud , Goswami Natavarpuri Hirapuri , AlAwlaqi Amal Omar , Abujarad Nada , Fandino Angela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Water is a crucial component for oil and gas production, serving various purposes such as crude washing, desalting, desalination plants feed, boiler feed, cooling water, drilling mud preparation, accommodation facilities, water supply, and irrigation. The UAE, situated in a sub-tropical climate zone with exposure to the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean, faces significant challenges in balancing water demand and supply. To optimize water usage, alleviate pressure on the public water supply, and minimize the impact on regional water quality and resources, ADNOC has developed a comprehensive water conservation strategy. This strategy encompasses efficient processes, innovative water treatment, and wastewater reuse technologies, aiming to reduce dependency on fresh water. This paper discusses current water treatment practices, planned abatement projects and associated challenges.
Exploring the impact of the recent global warming on extreme weather events in Central Asia using the counterfactual climate data ATTRICI v1.1
Authors: Fallah Bijan , Rostami Masoud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We study the impact of recent global warming on extreme climatic events in Central Asia (CA) for 1901-2019 by comparing the composite representation of the observational climate with a hypothetical counterfactual one that does not include the long-term global warming trend. The counterfactual climate data is produced based on a simple detrending approach, using the global mean temperature (GMT) as the independent variable and removing the long-term trends from the climate variables of the observational data. This trend elimination is independent of causality, and the day-to-day variability in the counterfactual climate remains preserved. The analysis done in the paper shows that the increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature and precipitation events can be attributed to global warming. Specifically, the probability of experiencing a +7 K temperature anomaly event in CA increases up to seven times in some areas due to global warming. The analysis reveals a significant increase in heatwave occurrences in Central Asia, with the observational climate dataset GSWP3-W5E5 (later called also factual) showing more frequent and prolonged extreme heat events than hypothetical scenarios without global warming. This trend, evident in the disparity between factual and counterfactual data, underscores the critical impact of recent climatic changes on weather patterns, highlighting the urgent need for robust adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Additionally, using the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI), the sensitivity of dry and wet events to the coupled precipitation and temperature changes is analyzed. As a result, the areas under dry and wet conditions are enhanced under the observational climate compared to a counterfactual scenario, especially over the largest deserts in CA. The expansion of the dry regions aligns well with the pattern of desert development observed in CA in recent decades.
One-Pot Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Mesoporous Heterostructures
Authors: Stefik Morgan , Larison Taylor , Williams Eric , Wright Mason , Tengco John Meynard , Boebinger Matthew , Tang Chuanbing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multi-material heterostructures have led to novel characteristics beyond the individual components. Nature controls the architecture and placement of multiple materials through biomineralization of nanoparticles (NP), however, synthetic heterostructure formation remains limited and departs from the elegance of self-assembly. Structure directing agents (SDA) enable nanocomposite self-assembly, however, these are limited to random mixtures due to dynamic (non-covalent) SDA-NP interactions.Here persistent (covalent) SDA-NP interactions enable sequence-controlled heterostructures where the composition profile and interfaces correspond to the synthetic addition order. This approach is generalized with 5 material sequences using a diblock polymer with persistent SDA-NP interactions (P-NP1-NP2; NPi=TiO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2). The addition of a dynamically interacting block with a bis- hydrophilic triblock terpolymer (PD-NP1-NP2) improves long-range ordering. The resulting competitive binding (P- vs D-blocks) required time for the first NP-type (NP1) to permeate the
outermost D-block prior to covalent linkage with the central P-block. Thus, the bis-interacting triblock enabled mesoporous heterostructure synthesis via self-assembly for the first time.
Mechanisms of removing terdizolamide phosphate from water by the activation of potassium peroxymonosulfate salt with CeFe2O4 biochar
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ai Tian , Dai Shujuan , Xiao Guoyong , Xiong Xiaolu , Zhang Nan , Si Jian , Wang Guanyue , Xue Wanwan , Xu Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Terdizolamide phosphate (TZD), a second-generation oxazolidinone antibiotic with a long half-cycle, poses a potential threat to ecosystems and humans if present in water over an extended duration. Magnetic biochar (CF-biochar) loaded with CeFe2O4, was firstly synthesized by microwave ablation-anaerobic carbonisation using corn straw as raw material and Ce(NO3)3 and Fe(NO3)3 as modifiers. These modifiers were used as activators for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and adsorbents for removing TZD. The maximum adsorption capacity of CF-biochar was up to 3,322.74 mg g− 1, which was much higher than that of modified biochar. The CF-biochar/PMS system achieved 99.72% removal of TZD and accelerated the removal rate with good results. Results from quenching and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests showed that and played a major role in the oxidative degradation of TZD. Besides, they had a good removal effect on TZD among other co-existing anions. CF-biochar exhibited a smaller particle size, larger specific surface area, more abundant pore size, and high magnetic nature. The removal kinetics and removal isotherms were modeled to show that the adsorption of TZD by CF-biochar was a spontaneous, exothermic, physical multilayer adsorption process. Main driving force corresponded to electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic properties. Therefore, the CF-biochar/PMS system was an efficient, promising, and sustainable technology for removing TZD.
Quantitative analysis of commercial coating penetration into Fagus crenata wood using X-ray Microtomography
Authors: Ekaputri Tyana Solichah , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Recently, coating has been used as economically friendly materials to enhance the dimensional stability and aesthetic properties of woody materials as a preservative. X-ray microtomography is a promising visualization technique for observing the coating penetration plots. The study aimed to determine the efficiency and applicability of X-ray microtomography for observing and assessing the distribution of coating materials in two- and three-dimensional visualizations. The coating assessments were investigated using X-ray images and plot profile to obtain the penetration depth. Some Japanese commercial coatings were used for the experiments. Two types of coating application such as spray and brush were performed. Each coated sample was scanned using X-ray microtomography, and the coating penetration depth was successfully visualized and quantified. The chemical content in the coating materials and its concentration have been proven to affect the coating penetration plots and amount. The X-ray images has successfully showed penetration plot and assessed the penetration value at the microscopic scale.
Role of NuMA1 in breast cancer stem cells with implications for combination therapy of PIM1 and autophagy inhibition in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Manupati Kanakaraju , Hao Mingang , Haas Michael , Yeo Syn Kok , Guan Jun-Lin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NuMA1) is a cell cycle protein and upregulated in breast cancer. However, the role of NuMA1 in TNBC and its regulation in heterogenous populations remains elusive.
Methods: We performed CRISPR mediated deletion of NuMA1 in mouse TNBC cells, BF3M. FACS was utilized to isolate BCSCs, and bulk cells based on CD29 and CD61 markers. Cell viability, migration, and invasion ability of BCSCs and bulk cells was evaluated using MTT, wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. In vivo mouse breast cancer and lung metastatic models were generated to evaluate the combination treatment of SMI-4a and Lys-o5 inhibitors.
Results: We identified that high expression of NuMA1 associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients. Further, human tissue microarray results depicted high expression of NuMA1 in TNBC relative to non-adjacent normal tissues. Therefore, we performed CRISPR mediated deletion of NuMA1 in a mouse mammary tumor cell line, BF3M and revealed that NuMA1 deletion reduced mammary tumorigenesis. We also showed that NuMA1 deletion reduced ALDH+ and CD29hiCD61+ breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), indicating a role of NuMA1 in BCSCs. Further, sorted and characterized BCSCs from BF3M depicted reduced metastasis with NuMA1 KO cells. Moreover, we found that PIM1, an upstream kinase of NuMA1 plays a preferential role in maintenance of BCSCs associated phenotypes, but not in bulk cells. In contrast, PIM1 kinase inhibition in bulk cells depicted increased autophagy (FIP200). Therefore, we applied a combination treatment strategy of PIM1 and autophagy inhibition using SMI-4a and Lys05 respectively, showed higher efficacy against cell viability of both these populations and further reduced breast tumor formation and metastasis. Together, our study demonstrated NuMA1 as a potential therapeutic target and combination treatment using inhibitors for an upstream kinase PIM1 and autophagy inhibitors could be a potentially new therapeutic approach for TNBC.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that combination treatment of PIM1 inhibitor and autophagy inhibitor depicted reduced mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis by targeting NuMA1 in BCSCs and bulk cells of TNBC, demonstrating this combination treatment approach could be a potentially effective therapy for TNBC patients.