bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentoxifylline Improves Skeletal Muscle Recovery After Acute Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Petrik Pavel V. , Braithwaite Bruce , Moore Wesley S. , Gelabert Hugh A. , Quinones-Baldrich William 
Published: November 2007

Purpose: Skeletal muscle ischemia is associated with complex interactions involving neutrophils, erythrocytes, oxygen free radicals, and complement factors that lead to development of reperfusion injury on restoration of blood flow. Pentoxifylline is known to decrease neutrophil margination, improve erythrocyte passage through the capillary system, and possibly serve as an oxygen radical scavenger. The authors hypothesized that the addition of pentoxifylline to the reperfusate might improve muscle recovery after acute ischemic injury. Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits underwent vascular isolation of both hind limbs, leaving the external iliac and femoral arteries as sole inflow arteries for each respective limb. The animal was secured to an operating board such that each tibialis anterior muscle was attached to a force transducer, and muscle contractions after maximal tetanic stimulation were recorded on an oscilloscope at timed intervals. Acute occlusion was induced in the right hind limb by use of removable vascular clips and continued until < 15% of contralateral limb function was achieved. The animal was then (continued on next page) (Abstract continued) reperfused with saline "control " or pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg) "treated." Muscle function was recorded in each limb at 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after reperfusion. Results: A continual trend of muscle function improvement was noted in the pentoxi fylline-treated group, reaching statistical significance compared with controls after 30 minutes (16.8% of contralateral limb; P<0.04) and 120 minutes (36.7% of contralat eral limb ; P<0.04) of reperfusion. Control animals failed to demonstrate significant improvement in muscle function over the 2-hour reperfusion period. Conclusion: Pentoxifylline improved muscle function recovery after acute ischemic injury in the rabbit hind limb model.
The Durability of Duplex-Directed Manual Occlusion of Femoral False Aneurysms
Authors: Brandt Dörthe , Robinson Kevin D. , Gregory Roger T. , DeMasi Richard J. , Dickson Christopher S. , Gayle Robert G. , Parent F. Noel , Sorrell Kathryn A. 
Published: November 2007

Duplex-directed manual occlusion (DDMO) has emerged as a first line treatment in selected cases of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms related to interventional and therapeutic femoral artery cannulations. Early recurrences after successful closure of femoral false aneurysms (FFA) are described in the literature; however, very little long-term follow-up data are available. Therefore, the authors reviewed their experience with DDMO of 45 FFAs between February 1991 and December 1994. Follow-up was arranged to assess the durability of this noninvasive procedure. DDMO was unsuccessful in three of 45 FFAs (6.6%). Symptomatic recurrences of two FFAs were documented by repeat duplex ultrasound at 7 and 20 days post DDMO. Repeat DDMO was successful on one whereas the other required surgical closure. One additional patient experienced persistent groin discomfort despite successful DDMO necessitating surgical evacuation of a large hematoma. Four patients died during the follow-up period. Thirty-five patients with 36 FFAs remained eligible for long-term eval uation. Three were lost to follow-up and six patients were interviewed by phone and denied symptoms suggestive of recurrence but refused further follow-up. Twenty-six patients with a history of 24 FFAs underwent repeat duplex scans. No recurrent FFAs were identified with mean follow-up of 17.5 months (range 1-35). The authors conclude that DDMO is a safe, effective, and durable treatment of iatrogenic femoral false aneurysms.
Conservation of Epigenetic Regulation, ORC Binding and Developmental Timing of DNA Replication Origins in the Genus Drosophila
Authors: Calvi B R , Byrnes B A , Kolpakas A J 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is much interest in how DNA replication origins are regulated so that the genome is completely duplicated each cell division cycle and in how the division of cells is spatially and temporally integrated with development. In the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, the cell cycle of somatic follicle cells is modified at precise times in oogenesis. Follicle cells first proliferate via a canonical mitotic division cycle and then enter an endocycle, resulting in their polyploidization. They subsequently enter a specialized amplification phase during which only a few, select origins repeatedly initiate DNA replication, resulting in gene copy number increases at several loci important for eggshell synthesis. Here we investigate the importance of these modified cell cycles for oogenesis by determining whether they have been conserved in evolution. We find that their developmental timing has been strictly conserved among Drosophila species that have been separate for ∼40 million years of evolution and provide evidence that additional gene loci may be amplified in some species. Further, we find that the acetylation of nucleosomes and Orc2 protein binding at active amplification origins is conserved. Conservation of DNA subsequences within amplification origins from the 12 recently sequenced Drosophila species genomes implicates members of a Myb protein complex in recruiting acetylases to the origin. Our findings suggest that conserved developmental mechanisms integrate egg chamber morphogenesis with cell cycle modifications and the epigenetic regulation of origins.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Domain of roX2 RNA Is Sufficient for Induction of H4-Lys16 Acetylation on the Drosophila X Chromosome
Authors: Park Seung-Won , Kang Yool Ie , Sypula Joanna G , Choi Jiyeon , Oh Hyangyee , Park Yongkyu 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The male-specific lethal (MSL) complex, which includes two noncoding RNA on X (roX)1 and roX2 RNAs, induces histone H4-Lys16 acetylation for twofold hypertranscription of the male X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. To characterize the role of roX RNAs in this process, we have identified evolutionarily conserved functional domains of roX RNAs in several Drosophila species (eight for roX1 and nine for roX2). Despite low homology between them, male-specific expression and X chromosome-specific binding are conserved. Within roX RNAs of all Drosophila species, we found conserved primary sequences, such as GUUNUACG, in the 3′ end of both roX1 (three repeats) and roX2 (two repeats). A predicted stem–loop structure of roX2 RNA contains this sequence in the 3′ stem region. Six tandem repeats of this stem–loop region (72 nt) of roX2 were enough for targeting the MSL complex and inducing H4-Lys16 acetylation on the X chromosome without other parts of roX2 RNA, suggesting that roX RNAs might play important roles in regulating enzymatic activity of the MSL complex.
Five Drosophila Genomes Reveal Nonneutral Evolution and the Signature of Host Specialization in the Chemoreceptor Superfamily
Authors: McBride Carolyn S , Arguello J Roman 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe insect chemoreceptor superfamily comprises the olfactory receptor (Or) and gustatory receptor (Gr) multigene families. These families give insects the ability to smell and taste chemicals in the environment and are thus rich resources for linking molecular evolutionary and ecological processes. Although dramatic differences in family size among distant species and high divergence among paralogs have led to the belief that the two families evolve rapidly, a lack of evolutionary data over short time scales has frustrated efforts to identify the major forces shaping this evolution. Here, we investigate patterns of gene loss/gain, divergence, and polymorphism in the entire repertoire of ∼130 chemoreceptor genes from five closely related species of Drosophila that share a common ancestor within the past 12 million years. We demonstrate that the overall evolution of the Or and Gr families is nonneutral. We also show that selection regimes differ both between the two families as wholes and within each family among groups of genes with varying functions, patterns of expression, and phylogenetic histories. Finally, we find that the independent evolution of host specialization in Drosophila sechellia and D. erecta is associated with a fivefold acceleration of gene loss and increased rates of amino acid evolution at receptors that remain intact. Gene loss appears to primarily affect Grs that respond to bitter compounds while elevated Ka/Ks is most pronounced in the subset of Ors that are expressed in larvae. Our results provide strong evidence that the observed phenomena result from the invasion of a novel ecological niche and present a unique synthesis of molecular evolutionary analyses with ecological data.
Métrique accentuelle et métrique quantitative
Authors: Dominicy Marc , Nasta Mihai 
Published: November 2007

M. Dominicy & M. Nasta
Written within a neo-jakobsonian framework, this paper provides the reader with a survey of metrical typology that focuses on accentual and quantitative metrics. The hexameter verse of ancient Greek and Latin Poetry, and the accentual 10-syllable verse of Modern languages, are studied in some detail.
Devoir épistémique, marqueur modal ou évidentiel ?
Authors: Dendale Patrick 
Published: November 2007

Patrick Dendale : « Epistemic devoir, modal or evidential marker ? »
It is generally recognized that the French verb devoir has deontic and epistemic senses. We focus on the epistemic sense and claim that the basic value of epistemic devoir is an evidential one whereas the modal values (probability, quasi-certainty) actually derive from it. We consider the nature of evidential devoir to be inferential and show how inference is to be understood as a complex operation including the search for premisses and the evaluation of competing conclusions.
Savoir et croire
Authors: Vet Co 
Published: November 2007

Co Vet : « Savoir and croire »
It is generally assumed that savoir « to know » and croire « to believe » belong to the same class of attitudinal predicates. In this article it is shown however that, from a syntactic point of view, their behaviour is quite different (for example, savoir can be in the scope of croire, but not vice versa). It is also shown that, when used « directly » (first person, present tense), croire serves to modify the truth value of the proposition, whereas savoir can be used to correct what the hearer thinks the speaker knows.
La création du monde par l'article défini. Le marqueur évidentiel ?
Authors: De Mulder Walter 
Published: November 2007

Walter De Mulder : « The "creation of the world" by the definite article. Le : an evidential marker ? »
To use/interpret a definite description, the speaker/hearer has to justify the uniqueness conveyed by the definite article. To do this, he has to construct information by making a number of inferences, by default or in accordance with Levinson's principle of informativity. Since these inferences affect the degree of reliability of the utterance, the definite article, whose linguistic meaning triggers them, is to be considered a marker of evidentiality as defined by Dendale, but, as can probably also be maintained for other evidential markers in French, this evidential value is not to be equated with its basic meaning.
Contexte, interprétation et mémoire : approche standard vs approche cognitive
Authors: Kleiber Georges 
Published: November 2007

Georges Kleiber : « Contexte, interprétation et mémoire : approche standard vs approche cognitive »
The aim of this paper is to show how the classic static conception of the context has evolved in a more dynamic one which incorporates crucially the memory. In the first section, we expose the principal ideas of the standard approach and emphasize the main failures of it. The second section presents then the cognitive theory of the context which offers new solutions to the building of the interpretation of an utterance.
Appropriation du français dans le sud du Cameroun
Authors: De Féral Carole 
Published: November 2007

Carole de Féral : « Appropriation du français dans le sud du Cameroun »
French in the Southern provinces of French-speaking Cameroon is an object of « appropriation ». As a result one should expect to find structural changes. However these are less numerous if one compares the spoken varieties of French in Cameroon not to Standard French but to everyday metropolitan spoken French. A particularly original form of appropriation manifests itself in a vernacular variety used among students and called camfranglais because of the presence of English and Pidgin English lexical items within a French syntax.
Réflexions sur la métaphore dans les discours scientifiques de vulgarisation
Authors: Loffler-Laurian Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2007

Anne-Marie Loffler-Laurian, Reflections on Metaphor in Popular Science Discourse
Metaphors are quite usual in science popularization. In this paper several types of metaphors are described (natural phenomenon / human behaviour / legendary heroes, animals / technical devices). Such a use of language reveals a popular attitude towards science : a difficulty in dealing with abstract concepts leads to a search for social and psychological answers to scientific questions beside the quest for increased knowledge.
Problématique de la répétition
Authors: Molinié Georges 
Published: November 2007

Georges Molinié, Figures of Repetition
This paper stands in the theoretical framework already set up by the author ; following Madeleine Frederic's contribution, its purpose is to analyze the problems of the links between repetition and the figures of speech as a whole, between figurai and rhetoric, and with the main forms of repetition either of the signifier or of the signified. Emphasis is laid on the operating feature of the awareness of the figures, and on the importance of time in the constitution of figur ality. Throughout a passage of Proust, the link with the specific questioning of the figurative structures in gestation becomes apparent. Reflection on the temporal and cognitive process here expounded allows to deepen the interpretation of the relationship between micro- and macro-structure, through an analysis of the process of interrupted development in the iteration of the amplification supports.
L'article partitif : l'évolution des conditions d'emploi
Authors: Englebert Annick 
Published: November 2007

Annick Englebert : A Diachronic Study of the Partitive Article
Medaevists sometimes deny that a partitive article could exist in Old French. On the other hand, some linguists notice that the contemporary partitive article shows constrained uses (e.g. they notice its infrequency before the subject noun).
This study try to link the reservations of the firsts and the observations of the seconds. Among other things, it shows that an early partitive article does exist and how its uses in Old French foreshadow the contemporary ones (e.g. its connection with object nouns of a specific class of verbs in Old French explains its lasting infrequency with the subject).
La place du sujet non clitique dans la construction inversée
Authors: Korzen Hanne 
Published: November 2007

Hanne Korzen : « Positioning the non-clitic subject in inverse constructions »
Hanne Korzen's article discusses a previously unsolved problem concerning the position of non-clitic subjects in sentences with inverted word order. The difference between sentences like Que dira ton frère à sa petite amie ? (acceptable) and Quand écrira ton frère à sa petite amie ? (unacceptable) seem to indicate that the nature of the clement positioned finally cannnot alone explain acceptability. Instead, an explanation may be found in the relation between the pre-verbal and the post-verbal constituent. A model is proposed to elucidate inverted word order in French and to make comparisons with related languages.
Verlan 2000
Authors: Méla Vivienne 
Published: November 2007

Vivienne Méla : Verlan 2000.
Based on the analysis of a corpus collected over a ten year period, this article presents a small number of rules which will account for coding in « verlan » of monosyllabic and polysyllabic words as well as two syllabe words. The analysis shows the evolution in the application of the rules which has resulted in the complexification of the encoding process, the existence of stylistic variants and an alteration of the phonological and morphological structure of the coded words. An evolution can also be noted on the level of the basic vocabulary which, by incorporating words of origins other than French, has made verlan a true reflection of the marginalized multiracial youth culture, a form of argot which can still function as a secret language.
L'approche variationniste et la description de la grammaire du français : le cas des interrogatives
Authors: Coveney Aidan 
Published: November 2007

Aidan Coveney: L'approche variationniste et la description de la grammaire du français. Le cas des interrogatives
This article presents the case for the sociolinguistic (variationist) analysis of variable areas of grammar, such as French interrogatives. This type of analysis can reveal not only the social and stylistic distribution, but also the linguistic and pragmatic constraints. The problem of equivalence is addressed in this article, and a set of defining criteria for such variables is proposed.
Variation et changement, quelles corrélations ?
Authors: Marchello-Nizia Christiane 
Published: November 2007

Christiane Marchello-Nizia: Variation et changement, quelles corrélations?
We examine the relations between linguistic variation and change. Analyzing the evolution of demonstratives in French, we consider more particularly two questions: a) the conditions of emergence of variation, in synchrony, and b) the conditions in which a certain variation is selected as an element of change, in diachrony.
Lexique et syntaxe dans l'acquisition du français
Authors: Clark Eve V. 
Published: November 2007

Eve Clarck, Lexicon and syntax in the acquisition of French
When children acquire a language, they learn both word meanings and construction meanings. For each word, they first produce subsets of possible combinations of a specific verb and some possible direct objects, say, or of another verb and some possible subjects. These early combinations let children to build up a repertoire, for each word, of the constructions it can appear in. This acquisition proceeds relatively slowly: children look for compatibility of meaning for words and constructions before they extent a construction to include new words, or a word to appear in new constructions. This proposal is illustrated with data from the acquisition of French.
Les constructions à adjectif attribut de l'objet, entre prédication seconde et complémentation verbale
Authors: Muller Claude 
Published: November 2007

Claude Muller, Les constructions à adjectif attribut de l'objet, entre prédication seconde et complémentation verbale
Adjectival attributive constructions are divided into inherent attributive constructions, and non inherent ones. Among these, we must distinguish between cases where verbs are understood as equivalent of operators, and cases where there remains only one explanation : the shared time of occurence. In all those structures, adjectives show original properties, that we could understand if we admit that such constructions are syntactically underdetermined.
Prédication seconde et structure informationnelle : la relative de perception comme construction présentative
Authors: Lambrecht Knud 
Published: November 2007

Knud Lambrecht, Prédication seconde et structure informationnelle : la relative de perception comme construction présentative
This paper proposes an analysis of the sentence type « Je vois le facteur qui arrive » ("I see the mailman coming") and « Voilà le facteur qui arrive » ("There's the mailman coming") within the information-structure framework of Lambrecht 1994. It is argued that this sentence type belongs to a general presentational construction which is also instantiated by sentences like « J'ai mon beau-frère qui fume » ("My brother-in-law smokes") or « Y a le téléphone qui sonne » ("The phone is ringing"). In this construction, the main clause introduces a new discourse entity (semantic role "theme", pragmatic role "focus") by situating it in relation to an explicit or implicit reference point (semantic role "locative", pragmatic role "topic"), while the relative clause expresses some hitherto unknown property of this new entity via secondary predication. The possible coding of the theme argument in pronominal form, as in « Je le vois qui arrive » ("I see him coming") or « Le voilà qui arrive » ("There he is coming") is explained in terms of the possible passage of a given discourse entity from an internal to an external discourse world. clause expresses some hitherto unknown property of this new entity via secondary predication. The possible coding of the theme argument in pronominal form, as in « Je le vois qui arrive » ("I see him coming") or « Le voilà qui arrive » ("There he is coming") is explained in terms of the possible passage of a given discourse entity from an internal to an external discourse world.
La genèse de l'article un
Authors: Carlier Anne 
Published: November 2007

Anne Carlier : La genèse de l'article un
On the basis of texts from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, this paper traces the different stages of the evolution of the form stemming from the latin numeral unus, before it became part of the system of the French articles. It particularly takes into account those texts which allow us to compare different stages of the language, such as the reworkings in Middle French of texts in Old French, as well as successive versions of the same latin text. The description of this evolution, in terms of a grammaticalization proces, shows the differences between the initial stages and later ones. The article uns in Old French is the result of a proces of semantic enrichment: a new textual role, the introduction of a new referent in the text, has been superimposed on its ancient numeral meaning. From Middle French on, the article un undergoes a proces of semantic weakening, which is conditioned by the process of integration into the paradigm of the articles: on the one hand, the idea of the "countable singular", which will bring the article un into contrast with the articles du and des, develops out of the numeral meaning; on the other hand, as opposed to the article le, the textual function is redefined as absence of an anaphoric link. The article also looks into the plural forms of the article un, which have disappeared in the Middle French period. It is shown that the cause of the disappearance of these plural forms is not semantic, but phonetic. as the reworkings in Middle French of texts in Old French, as well as successive versions of the same latin text. The description of this evolution, in terms of a grammaticalization proces, shows the differences between the initial stages and later ones. The article uns in Old French is the result of a proces of semantic enrichment: a new textual role, the introduction of a new referent in the text, has been superimposed on its ancient numeral meaning. From Middle French on, the article un undergoes a proces of semantic weakening, which is conditioned by the process of integration into the paradigm of the articles: on the one hand, the idea of the "countable singular", which will bring the article un into contrast with the articles du and des, develops out of the numeral meaning; on the other hand, as opposed to the article le, the textual function is redefined as absence of an anaphoric link. The article also looks into the plural forms of the article un, which have disappeared in the Middle French period. It is shown that the cause of the disappearance of these plural forms is not semantic, but phonetic.