bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the EBP‐Affinity Questionnaire: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Tange Lenny J. , Heinen Maud , Koopmans Raymond T.C.M. , de Korne Dirk F. , Persoon Anke , Lindeboom Robert , Gerritsen Debby L. , Lovink Marleen H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundImplementation of evidence‐based practice (EBP) in nursing homes is important to improve quality of care and reduce costs. These facilities primarily employ certified nurse assistants (CNAs) and vocationally‐trained registered nurses (VTRNs). Although EBP is scarcely addressed in their education, these caregivers have an important role in EBP. Insight into their affinity with EBP could provide a good starting point for working according to EBP.Aims

To develop a questionnaire that measures affinity with EBP amongst CNAs and VTRNs in nursing homes.

To assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

DesignMixed‐method design according to the COSMIN‐checklist.MethodsPhase 1: the questionnaire was developed in three steps: (1) gathering items from existing questionnaires, occupational profiles and interviews; (2) compression through consensus rounds and (3) a pilot study.Phase 2: psychometric properties were assessed amongst CNAs and VTRNs in nine nursing homes. The factors extracted through principal component analysis were tested for measurement invariance using the one‐parameter Rasch model.ResultsPhase 1: all experts interviewed (N = 5) indicated CNAs and VTRNs can play specific and significant roles in EBP. A 26‐item questionnaire was created through two consensus rounds with experts (N = 7) and a pilot study (N = 7).Phase 2: Principal component analysis revealed a two‐factor structure with good internal reliability (N = 428 questionnaires). All items exhibited good fit with the Rasch model and measurement invariance for CNAs and VTRNs.ConclusionCNAs and VTRNs can fulfil important roles in EBP in nursing homes. The ‘Evidence‐Based Practice‐Affinity Questionnaire’ is reliable and valid for assessing affinity with EBP amongst CNAs and VTRNs to improve practice and research, and can guide tailored training programs for CNAs and VTRNs, enhancing evidence‐based practices in nursing homes.ImpactThe research provides insight into the roles CNAs and VTRNs can play in EBP and how to measure their affinity with EBP, which contributes to implementation of EBP in nursing homes.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution in the study.
Dielectric properties of functionalized natural fiber reinforced electromagnetic composite with reduced graphene oxide nanofiller for microwave absorption
Authors: Samantara Biswabandita , Barik Rajib , Nath Ganeswar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe integration of 5G technology with advanced electronic devices has intensified electromagnetic pollution concerns, necessitating materials capable of mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI). This has spurred the development of sustainable alternatives, surpassing conventional synthetic and ferrite materials. Natural fibers, when combined with nanomaterials, exhibit unique properties suitable for EMI shielding. Sugarcane bagasse fiber (SBF), in conjunction with nanofillers such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), provides a sustainable, lightweight, and eco‐friendly solution for absorbing electromagnetic waves. This study explores the effects of SBF particle size and rGO integration on dielectric and microwave absorption properties. Experimental findings highlight that the EPSB150@1%rGO composite (150 μm SBF with 1 wt% rGO) achieved a maximum dielectric constant (ε′) of 6.62 at 8 GHz, outperforming EPSB@1%rGO (ε′ = 5.45), indicating enhanced charge storage. The dielectric loss (ε″) peaked at 0.41 for EPSB@1%rGO, reflecting superior energy dissipation from interfacial polarization. Reflection loss (RL) calculations revealed improved microwave absorption of −20.07 dB at 12.4 GHz for EPSB150@1%rGO, compared to −15 dB for EPSB@1%rGO, signifying effective EM wave attenuation. These results demonstrate that reduced SBF particle size combined with rGO incorporation significantly enhances dielectric and microwave absorption properties, establishing these composites as promising candidates for EMI shielding and stealth technologies.Highlights
5G technology raises EMI pollution, needing sustainable shielding materials.
Sugarcane fiber combined with rGO forms eco‐friendly EMI shielding composite.
EPSB150@1%rGO max ε′ = 6.62 at 8 GHz, surpassing conventional composites.
Reflection loss of −20.07 dB at 12.4 GHz, high EM wave attenuation.
EPSB150@1% rGO boost dielectric and microwave absorption.
Eurosta solidaginis‐induced stem galls affect strength and colour of botanical dyes extracted from giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Authors: Indigo Alexe , Sun Xiaohong , Manning Paul 
Published: February 2025

Societal Impact StatementWith increasing demand for sustainable goods, botanical dyes are of increasing interest and value to consumers, industry and small‐scale artisanal producers. Goldenrod is a widely used dye plant with a long history of traditional use. The impact of the well‐studied goldenrod stem gall produced by Eurosta solidaginis on goldenrod botanical dyes—and the broader impact of insect herbivory on plant dyes—has not been explored. Our research provides an initial investigation into how dye strength and colour are affected by the complex gall‐maker‐host–plant relationship—an essential step in understanding the value insect herbivory may bring to botanical dye production, as well as potential limitations of this dye variation in larger scale production.Summary
Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) plants produce botanical dyes with a long history of traditional use. The concentration and profile of phenolic compounds in goldenrod, influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, impact the properties of the resulting dyes. We investigated whether the presence of the stem‐galling insect E. solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae) affected dye produced from goldenrod.
Leaves collected from upper and lower stem sections of galled and non‐galled goldenrod plants were processed to extract dye compounds into a soluble form. The dye was analysed through colourimetric comparison of dyed fabric swatches and spectrophotometry of aqueous extracts to evaluate phenolic content.
Through colourimetric analysis using a paired t‐test, we found that the colour difference between upper and lower leaves was significantly affected by whether the plant was galled (t[6] = −2.80, p = 0.02). Comparing dyes made from lower versus the upper leaves of the same plants showed a larger colourimetric difference in non‐galled than galled plants. This indicates that the galling insect affected the availability of dye compounds. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that increases in total phenolics between lower and upper leaves of galled plants were not significantly greater than in non‐galled plants (p = 0.103), indicating a possible response to insect herbivory.
The differing effects of the gall on dye content and total phenolics illustrate the complexity of plant–herbivore interactions and provide insight into the influence of biotic factors on botanical dyes.
First case of glyphosate resistance in Polypogon fugax: possible involvement of P450‐based mechanisms
Authors: Chen Wen , Liao Yuxi , Bai Dingyi , Yu Qin , Bai Lianyang , Pan Lang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolypogon fugax has evolved resistance to multiple herbicides in China, yet there has been no documented case of glyphosate resistance. A putative glyphosate‐resistant P. fugax (HN‐R) population was collected from canola fields in Hunan Province, China, surviving glyphosate treatment at the field‐recommended rate [540 g acid equivalent (a.e.) ha−1]. The aims of this study were to elucidate the resistance level and mechanism of HN‐R population.RESULTSDose–response and shikimic acid assays indicated that the HN‐R population has developed a low‐level resistance (up to 4.6‐fold) to glyphosate, compared to two glyphosate‐susceptible populations (HN‐S and SC‐S). No evidence of EPSPS gene mutations and differential EPSPS gene expression were found in association with the resistance. However, pre‐treatment with the known cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) inhibitor, malathion, reversed glyphosate resistance in the HN‐R population. Transcriptomic and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses showed up‐regulation of the PfCYP51 and PfABCG25 genes in the HN‐R population. Expression of PfCYP51 in yeast cells significantly enhanced glyphosate tolerance, whereas expression of PfABCG25 did not. Molecular docking experiments suggest that PfCYP51 may catalyze glyphosate metabolism.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of glyphosate resistance in P. fugax, with evidence suggesting P450 involvement in this resistance. This study enhances our understanding of herbicide‐resistant weeds and provides valuable insights into the management of glyphosate‐resistant weeds in agriculture. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Soil Multitrophic Interactions in a Changing World
Authors: Hossain Md. Akhter , Egidi Eleonora , Xiong Chao , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultitrophic interactions in the soil food web represent an important factor in shaping the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEF) under the changing environmental conditions. Despite some recent advancements, the relative contribution, and mechanisms by which multitrophic interactions affect ecosystem functions and stability, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of multitrophic interactions in BEF and explore mechanistic pathways that may underpin their role in ecosystem functions and stability. We also discuss potential approaches to quantify the contribution of the multitrophic interactions in the soil food web. Specifically, we highlight the need for improvements in empirical frameworks and analytical tools for quantifying the strength of these interactions in the soil food web. We argue that addressing the key knowledge gaps in current understanding, BEF research requires integration of multitrophic interactions as a key factor when predicting the rate and stability of ecosystem multifunctionality under changing climatic conditions.
A short history of astropedology
Authors: Retallack Gregory J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAstropedology is the study of soils on other planetary bodies and stretches the definition of soil to materials on the surface of a planetary body altered in place by physical, chemical, or biological processes. This new disciplinary name was coined by Roy E. Cameron in 1966 from studies of desert soils and their microbes in Arizona and Antarctica as analogs for Martian soils to be investigated by NASA Viking missions. Astropedology now has documented numerous actual soil profiles exposed in cliff faces, natural cracks, or cores studied by robotic missions to the Moon, Venus, and Mars, with increasingly advanced and precise chemical and other analyses. Specimens are also available for study from Lunar and Martian meteorites, and from sample return from the Moon, also planned from Mars. Life has yet to be found beyond Earth, but Mars has surprisingly Earth‐like soils, which can be identified as Gypsids in US taxonomy. Soil formation by micrometeoroid bombardment on the Moon and by melting and glazing on Venus are truly out of this world.
Causal Mediation Analysis: A Summary‐Data Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Lin Shu‐Chin , Lin Sheng‐Hsuan , Ge Tian , Chen Chia‐Yen , Lin Yen‐Feng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSummary‐data Mendelian randomization (MR), a widely used approach in causal inference, has recently attracted attention for improving causal mediation analysis. Two existing methods corresponding to the difference method and product method of linear mediation analysis have been developed to perform MR‐based mediation analysis using the inverse‐variance weighted method (MR‐IVW). Despite these developments, there is still a need for more rigorous, efficient, and precise MR‐based mediation methodologies. In this study, we develop summary‐data MR‐based frameworks for causal mediation analysis. We improve the accuracy, statistical efficiency and robustness of the existing MR‐based mediation analysis by implementing novel variance estimators for the mediation effects, deriving rigorous procedures for statistical inference, and accounting for widespread pleiotropic effects. Specifically, we propose Diff‐IVW and Prod‐IVW to improve upon the existing methods and provide the pleiotropy‐robust methods (Diff‐Egger, Diff‐Median, Prod‐Egger, and Prod‐Median), adapted from MR‐Egger and MR‐Median, to enhance the robustness of the MR‐based mediation analysis. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies to compare the existing and proposed methods. The results show that the proposed methods, Diff‐IVW and Prod‐IVW, improve statistical efficiency and type I error control over the existing approaches. Although all IVW‐based methods suffer from directional pleiotropy biases, the median‐based methods (Diff‐Median and Prod‐Median) can mitigate such biases. The differences among the methods can lead to discrepant statistical conclusions as demonstrated in real data applications. Based on our simulation results, we recommend the three proposed methods in practice: Diff‐IVW, Prod‐IVW, and Prod‐Median, which are complementary under various scenarios.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biomass Derived Modified Lignin Based PVA Hydrogel as Drug Delivery System for Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Singh Vinay , Dhukia Surbhi , Khullar Lavanya , Sihag Swati , Kaur Ramandeep , Harjai Kusum , Singh Vasundhara 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the present study, a newly extracted lignin‐based hydrogel has been explored for the release of ciprofloxacin as an effective drug delivery system. The modified extracted lignin hydrogel was prepared and the Ciprofloxacin drug was used to examine the loading and release capabilities of hydrogel. The hydrogel was characterized by FT‐IR, TGA‐DTG, and SEM analysis as well as swelling ratio and mechanical test. The outcomes demonstrated that the hydrogel that was made shows high mechanical strength (elongation 442.85%), swelling ratio, effectively contained and released the ciprofloxacin. The developed hydrogel encapsulation effectiveness of CP was seen to rise as the drug concentration increased, reaching around 81.3 ± 4.1% at 500 µg/mL of CP. A release analysis conducted in vitro in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) demonstrated a consistent increase in the cumulative drug release, with the greatest release quantity reaching around 88.2 ± 3.2% after 10 h. As compared to hydrogel containing a lower quantity of drug (0.07 ± 0.06%), the hydrogel with high drug loading efficiency (0.78 ± 0.08%) showed a rapid and greater release rate. The CP‐loaded hydrogel exhibits antibacterial activity towards S. aureus, B. subtilis, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa. The sustained release of ciprofloxacin from the modified lignin‐based hydrogel identifies them as a viable option for designing drug delivery systems.
The Indispensable Role of Software Ecosystem Services
Authors: van Schothorst Casper , Jansen Slinger , Lausberg Liza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSoftware ecosystem services are essential for the sustainability and functionality of software ecosystems, but they lack comprehensive categorization, hindering further study. This study explores the concept of software ecosystem services through a systematic literature review and brief survey. Drawing analogies from natural ecosystems, we define software ecosystem services as the conditions and processes through which software ecosystems create, provide, and sustain innovation and value creation via software. Software ecosystem services are categorized into four primary types: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services.Our findings highlight the crucial role of services that do not directly add customer value but are essential for the software ecosystem's functionality, such as authentication and authorization services, collaboration and communication platforms, and app stores. By highlighting these vital yet often overlooked services, the research identifies potential sustainability threats for software ecosystems, such as the dominance of a few major players, which mirrors the risks of monocultures in natural ecosystems. This study lays the groundwork for further research aimed at ensuring the long‐term sustainability and resilience of software ecosystems.
Towards the Effect of Examples on In‐Context Learning: A Theoretical Case Study
Authors: He Pengfei , Cui Yingqian , Xu Han , Liu Hui , Yamada Makoto , Tang Jiliang , Xing Yue 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn‐context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful capability for large language models (LLMs) to adapt to downstream tasks by leveraging a few (demonstration) examples. Despite its effectiveness, the mechanism behind ICL remains underexplored. To better understand how ICL integrates the examples with the knowledge learned by the LLM during pre‐training (i.e., pre‐training knowledge) and how the examples impact ICL, this paper conducts a theoretical study in binary classification tasks. In particular, we introduce a probabilistic model extending from the Gaussian mixture model to exactly quantify the impact of pre‐training knowledge, label frequency and label noise on the prediction accuracy. Based on our analysis, when the pre‐training knowledge contradicts the knowledge in the examples, whether ICL prediction relies more on the pre‐training knowledge or the examples depends on the number of examples. In addition, the label frequency and label noise of the examples both affect the accuracy of the ICL prediction, where the minor class has a lower accuracy, and how the label noise impacts the accuracy is determined by the specific noise level of the two classes. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretical results, and real‐data experiments also align with the theoretical insights. Our work reveals the role of pre‐training knowledge and examples in ICL, offering a deeper understanding of LLMs' behaviours in classification tasks.
Target capture sequencing clarifies key relationships in the Eriostemon group (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae) and supports a reclassification of Philotheca, including the recognition of two new genera
Authors: Orel Harvey K. , McLay Todd G.B. , Forster Paul I. , Bayly Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Eriostemon group (Rutaceae) is a clade of 16 genera and ~ 209 species endemic to Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Recent efforts to address taxonomic and phylogenetic uncertainty in the group using plastome and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences have made some progress but have also highlighted problematic areas that require further research. In particular, the current circumscription of Philotheca is known to be non‐monophyletic, but unclear phylogenetic relationships have prevented reclassification of the group. We generated target capture data using the Angiosperms353 universal bait kit and conducted phylogenetic analyses on the Eriostemon group with the aims of resolving uncertain backbone relationships and clarifying the relationships of Philotheca. Our results uncovered extensive cytonuclear discordance in the group, with conflict between our nuclear DNA phylogenies and previous plastome DNA phylogenies observed in several key areas of the tree. Despite this, the positions of the polyphyletic lineages of Philotheca were consistent enough across nuclear DNA and plastome DNA phylogenies to enable a confident reclassification of the genus, which is presented herein. Two sections of Philotheca, P. sect. Corynonema and P. sect. Erionema, are raised to generic rank under the names Corynonema and Erioseira, respectively. Philotheca sect. Cyanochlamys, is transferred into the genus Muiriantha. The type section of Philotheca is retained and becomes the entirety of that genus. Appropriate nomenclatural changes are made to transfer all currently recognised species and subspecies to their respective genera under this new classification.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Eimeria saudiensis From Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) Held in Captivity in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al‐Habsi Khalid , Elshafie Elshafie I. , Al‐Kharousi Kaadhia , Ali Haytham , Al‐Hamrashdi Abeer , Golachowska Barbara , Al‐Aufi Masoud , Johnson Eugene H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn observational study was conducted to investigate Eimeria species prevalence, fecal shedding, morphometric, and molecular composition in captive Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) bred at the Mammals Breeding Center in Oman. Oryx were sampled in the summer and winter seasons. Eimeria was detected at a prevalence of 26% in summer and 22% in winter, with higher shedding intensity observed during the summer among adult oryx. The isolated Eimeria displayed ellipsoidal oocysts and ovoidal sporocysts with average dimensions of 30.6 × 24.3 μm (ranging from 24.8 to 35.4 × 20.9–26.7) and 14.3 × 7.1 μm (ranging from 11.1 to 18.3 × 6.1–8.6), respectively. Molecularly (18S rRNA, ITS‐1), E. saudiensis revealed its unique identity and closest relation (96.7%–99.3%) to E. bovis isolates of bovine origin (MK691697 and AB769578), respectively, in the absence of antelope‐derived isolates. The findings serve as a precursor to incorporating Eimeria species derived from Arabian oryx into the molecular map.
The Survey, the Respondents and Us
Authors: Gibson Hannah , Lück Jacqueline , Riedel Kristina , Namboodiripad Savithry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the methods used for the survey on which the study is based. This includes a description of how the survey was administered and distributed. We then provide context for interpreting the findings in the subsequent chapters by outlining the overall demographics of the survey respondents, defining some of the terminology employed in the book, as well as providing some information about us as authors, our positionalities and the contexts in which we are operating.
The Role of African Languages in Transformation and Decolonisation
Authors: Gibson Hannah , Lück Jacqueline , Riedel Kristina , Namboodiripad Savithry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores how respondents’ positionalities (institutional, linguistic, and geographic) shape their perspectives on the role of teaching African languages in decolonisation and transformation efforts. We found that instructors who are more removed from experiences of being colonialised had different perspectives on the role of teaching and learning African languages in decolonisation efforts from those instructors whose classrooms are located in a context where students grew up using African languages. Students had more positive views, and connected increased attention to African languages in the classroom to material benefits for African language users outside of the classroom. The positionality of respondents with respect to African languages, for example whether these languages are ones that they grew up with or languages which they study, was a relevant factor in interpreting the responses to the question of what role there might be for African languages in decolonisation and transformation efforts. Responses suggest that, from a pedagogical perspective, instructors should keep in mind that the potential value of contextualised inclusion of African Languages in linguistic curricula for undergraduate students, particularly in Africa, may be significant for those who grew up using these languages amidst the ongoing marginalisation of these languages.