bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Exercise and Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Karvinen Kristina H. , Courneya Kerry S. , North Scott , Venner Peter 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Background: Exercise has been shown to improve quality of life (QoL) in some cancer survivor groups, but it is unknown if the unique QoL issues faced by bladder cancer survivors are also amenable to an exercise intervention. This study provides the first data examining the association between exercise and QoL in bladder cancer survivors.
Methods: Bladder cancer survivors identified through a provincial cancer registry were mailed a survey that included the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder (FACT-Bl) scale, and the Fatigue Symptom Inventory.
Results: Of the 525 bladder cancer survivors (51% response rate) that completed the survey, 22.3% were meeting public health exercise guidelines in the past month, 16.0% were insufficiently active (i.e., some exercise but less than the guidelines), and 61.7% were completely sedentary. ANOVA indicated a general linear association between meeting guidelines and QoL, with those meeting guidelines reporting more favorable scores than completely sedentary survivors on the FACT-Bl (mean difference, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-11.7; P &lt; 0.001), the FACT (P = 0.001), the trial outcome index (P &lt; 0.001), functional well-being (P &lt; 0.001), additional concerns (P = 0.001), sexual functioning (P &lt; 0.001), erectile function (P &lt; 0.001), body image (P &lt; 0.001), and various fatigue indicators (P &lt; 0.05). Adjusting for key medical and demographic factors slightly attenuated the magnitude of the associations but did not alter the substantive conclusions.
Conclusions: Exercise is positively associated with QoL in bladder cancer survivors, although few are meeting public health exercise guidelines. Studies testing the causal effects of exercise on QoL issues unique to this population are warranted. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):984–90)
Synchronized Seasonal Variations of Mammographic Breast Density and Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Brisson Jacques , Bérubé Sylvie , Diorio Caroline , Sinotte Marc , Pollak Michael , Mâsse Benoît 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Dietary vitamin D has been associated with lower mammographic breast density, a strong biomarker for breast cancer risk. Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is an integrated measure of vitamin D status (from food, supplements, and sun exposure) and varies with season. Our objective was to assess seasonal variations of breast density and compare such variations, if any, with that of 25(OH)D.Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 741 premenopausal women recruited at screening mammography. Plasma 25(OH)D at recruitment was measured by RIA. Breast density was evaluated using a computer-assisted method. Seasonal variations were modeled using multivariate linear regression and semi-parametric cubic smoothing splines.Results: Season was strongly associated with 25(OH)D (P &lt; 0.0001). The highest smoothed mean 25(OH)D levels were seen at the end of July (81.5 nmol/L) and the lowest in mid-April (52.4 nmol/L). Breast density showed modest seasonal variations (P = 0.028). The lowest smoothed mean breast density was observed in early December (38.5%) and the highest at the beginning of April (44.3%). When a 4-month lag time was presumed, seasonal variations of breast density appeared to be a mirror image of those of 25(OH)D, and the correlation of daily smoothed estimates of mean breast density and 25(OH)D was negative and strong (r = −0.90).Conclusion: In premenopausal women, changes in blood vitamin D seem to be inversely related to changes in breast density with a lag time of about 4 months. This finding encourages further investigation of the possibility that vitamin D could reduce breast density and breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):929–33)
Cost-effectiveness Analysis between Primary and Secondary Preventive Strategies for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Yi-Chia , Lin Jaw-Town , Wu Hui-Min , Liu Tzeng-Ying , Yen Ming-Fang , Chiu Han-Mo , Wang Hsiu-Po , Wu Ming-Shiang , Hsiu-Hsi Chen Tony 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: The present study is done to assess the relative cost-effectiveness, optimal initial age, and interscreening interval between primary and secondary prevention strategies for gastric cancer.
Methods: Base-case estimates, including variables of natural history, efficacy of intervention, and relevant cost, were derived from two preventive programs targeting a high-risk population. Cost-effectiveness was compared between chemoprevention with 13C urea breath testing followed by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and high-risk surveillance based on serum pepsinogen measurement and confirmed by endoscopy. The main outcome measure was cost per life-year gained with a 3% annual discount rate.
Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for once-only chemoprevention at age 30 years versus no screening was U.S. $17,044 per life-year gained. Eradication of H. pylori at later age or with a periodic scheme yielded a less favorable result. Annual high-risk screening at age of 50 years versus no screening resulted in an ICER of U.S. $29,741 per life-year gained. The ICERs of surveillance did not substantially vary with different initial ages or interscreening intervals. Chemoprevention could be dominated by high-risk surveillance when the initial age was older than 44 years. Otherwise, chemoprevention was more cost-effective than high-risk surveillance, either at ceiling ratios of U.S. $15,762 or up to U.S. $50,000. The relative cost-effectiveness was most sensitive to the infection rate of H. pylori and proportion of early gastric cancer in all detectable cases.
Conclusions: Early H. pylori eradication once in lifetime seems more cost-effective than surveillance strategy. However, the choice is still subject to the risk of infection, detectability of early gastric cancer, and timing of intervention. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):875–85)
Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 in Plasma and Pancreatic Juice as a Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kuhlmann Koert F.D. , van Till J.W. Olivier , Boermeester Marja A. , de Reuver Philip R. , Tzvetanova Iva D. , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , ten Kate Fiebo J.W. , Busch Olivier R.C. , van Gulik Thomas M. , Gouma Dirk J. , Crawford Howard C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDifferentiating between periampullary carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis with an inflammatory mass is difficult. Consequently, 6% to 9% of pancreatic resections for suspected carcinoma are done inappropriately for chronic pancreatitis. Here, we test if matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), a secreted protease frequently expressed in pancreatic carcinoma, can be measured in plasma, pancreatic, and duodenal juice, and if it can distinguish between periampullary carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Ninety-four patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for a (peri)pancreatic neoplasm (n = 63) or chronic pancreatitis (n = 31) were analyzed. Median plasma MMP-7 levels were significantly higher in carcinoma (1.95 ng/mL; interquartile range, 0.81-3.22 ng/mL) compared with chronic pancreatitis and benign disease (0.83 ng/mL; interquartile range, 0.25-1.21 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.01). MMP-7 levels in pancreatic juice were higher, although not significantly, in carcinoma (62 ng/mg protein; interquartile range, 18-241 ng/mg protein) compared with chronic pancreatitis and benign disease (23 ng/mg protein; interquartile range, 8.5-99 ng/mg protein; P = 0.17). MMP-7 levels in duodenal juice were universally low. At an arbitrary cutoff of 1.5 ng/mL in plasma, positive and negative predictive values were 83% and 57%, respectively, values comparable to those of today's most common pancreatic tumor marker, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9; 83% and 53%, respectively). Positive and negative likelihood ratios for plasma MMP-7 were 3.35 and 0.52, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MMP-7 was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.84) and for CA19-9, 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.85). Combined MMP-7 and CA19-9 assessment gave a positive predictive value of 100%. Thus, plasma MMP-7 levels discriminated between patients with carcinoma and those with chronic pancreatitis or benign disease. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma MMP-7 alone is not sufficient to determine treatment strategy in patients with a periampullary mass, but combined evaluation of plasma MMP-7 with CA19-9 and other markers may be clinically useful. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):886–91)
Successful Genome-Wide Scan in Paired Blood and Buccal Samples
Authors: Feigelson Heather Spencer , Rodriguez Carmen , Welch Robert , Hutchinson Amy , Shao Wen , Jacobs Kevin , Diver W. Ryan , Calle Eugenia E. , Thun Michael J. , Hunter David J. , Thomas Gilles , Chanock Stephen J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Interest in genome-wide association studies to identify susceptibility alleles for cancer is growing, and several are currently planned or under way. Although the feasibility of collecting buccal cell samples as an alternative to venous blood samples as a source of genomic DNA has been shown, the validity of using DNA from buccal cells for genome-wide scans has not been assessed. We used 46 paired buffy coat and buccal cell samples to test the feasibility of using DNA from buccal cells for genotyping with the HumanHap300 Bead Chip (v.1.0.0) on the Illumina Infinium II platform. Genotyping was successful in every sample, regardless of DNA yield or sample type. Of the 317,502 genotypes attempted, 315,314 (99.3%) were successfully called. Completion rates were similar for buffy coat and buccal cell samples (99.63% and 99.44%, respectively; P = 0.15). Completion rates &lt;99% were observed in only four samples and did not differ by specimen type. The paired samples showed exceptionally high concordance (99.96%). These results show that buccal cell samples collected and processed under optimal conditions can be used for genome-wide association studies with results comparable to those obtained from DNA extracted from buffy coat. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):1023–5)
Serum Lycopene, Other Carotenoids, and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Nested Case-Control Study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Peters Ulrike , Leitzmann Michael F. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Wang Yinghui , Albanes Demetrius , Gelmann Edward P. , Friesen Marlin D. , Riboli Elio , Hayes Richard B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Reports from several studies have suggested that carotenoids, and in particular lycopene, could be prostate cancer–preventive agents. This has stimulated extensive laboratory and clinical research, as well as much commercial and public enthusiasm. However, the epidemiologic evidence remains inconclusive.Materials and Methods: We investigated the association between prediagnostic serum carotenoids (lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, a multicenter study designed to examine methods of early detection and risk factors for cancer. The study included 692 incident prostate cancer cases, diagnosed 1 to 8 years after study entry, including 270 aggressive cases, with regional or distant stage (n = 90) or Gleason score ≥7 (n = 235), and 844 randomly selected, matched controls. As study participants were selected from those who were assigned to annual standardized screening for prostate cancer, results are unlikely to be biased by differential screening, a circumstance that is difficult to attain under non–trial conditions.Results: No association was observed between serum lycopene and total prostate cancer [odds ratios (OR), 1.14; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 0.82-1.58 for highest versus lowest quintile; P for trend, 0.28] or aggressive prostate cancer (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.62-1.57 for highest versus lowest quintile; P for trend, 0.433). β-Carotene was associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.03-2.72 for highest versus lowest quintile; P for trend, 0.13); in particular, regional or distant stage disease (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.37-7.31 for highest versus lowest quintile; P for trend, 0.02); other carotenoids were not associated with risk.Conclusion: In this large prospective study, high serum β-carotene concentrations were associated with increased risk for aggressive, clinically relevant prostate cancer. Lycopene and other carotenoids were unrelated to prostate cancer. Consistent with other recent publications, these results suggest that lycopene or tomato-based regimens will not be effective for prostate cancer prevention. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):962–8)
Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Patients with HER2/neu-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Anthracycline-Taxane–Containing Adjuvant Chemotherapy and/or Trastuzumab
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Haykowsky Mark , Peddle Carolyn J. , Joy Anil A. , Pituskin Edith N. , Tkachuk Linda M. , Courneya Kerry S. , Slamon Dennis J. , Mackey John R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the cardiovascular risk profile of a subset of patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with adjuvant taxane-anthracycline–containing chemotherapy and/or trastuzumab (Herceptin).
Experimental Design: Twenty-six patients with breast cancer (mean, 20 months postchemotherapy) and 10 healthy age-matched women were studied. We measured 14 metabolic and vascular established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and left ventricular systolic function. All assessments were done within a 14-day period.
Results: Cardiac abnormalities were suggested by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt;50% in 8% of patients, LVEF remained &gt;10% below pretreatment values in 38%, whereas 50% presented with resting sinus tachycardia. Brain natriuretic peptide was significantly elevated in 40% of patients and was correlated with LVEF (r = −0.72, P = &lt; 0.001). For the majority of CVD risk factors, similar proportions of patients and controls (35-60%) were classified as “undesirable.” A significantly higher proportion of patients were classified with low cardiorespiratory fitness (46% versus 0%, P &lt; 0.01), being overweight/obese (72% versus 50%, P &lt; 0.05), and having resting sinus tachycardia (50% versus 0%, P &lt; 0.01) compared with controls. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index were correlated with CVD risk factors (r = −0.64 to 0.63, P &lt; 0.05; r = −0.63 to 0.67, P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Exploratory analyses revealed several differences between CVD risk factors based on chemotherapy regimen.
Conclusion: Breast cancer survivors treated with adjuvant chemotherapy are at a higher risk of developing late-occurring CVD than age-matched controls due to direct and indirect treatment-related toxicity. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):1026–31)
Phytoestrogen Exposure Is Associated with Circulating Sex Hormone Levels in Postmenopausal Women and Interact withESR1andNR1I2Gene Variants
Authors: Low Yen-Ling , Dunning Alison M. , Dowsett Mitch , Folkerd Elizabeth , Doody Deborah , Taylor James , Bhaniani Amit , Luben Robert , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick J. , Bingham Sheila A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this large cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between phytoestrogen exposure and circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in 1988 healthy postmenopausal women and their interactions with polymorphisms in genes involved in estrogen signaling. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, and SHBG were measured. Urinary levels of five isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, and equol) and two lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were measured and used as biomarkers for dietary intakes. Eighteen polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, and NR1I2 genes were genotyped. Results showed that lignans were positively associated with plasma SHBG levels (ηp2 = 1.2%; P &lt; 0.001) and negatively associated with plasma testosterone (ηp2 = 0.2%; P = 0.042). Equol was negatively associated with plasma estradiol levels (ηp2 = 0.3%; P = 0.028), whereas O-desmethylangolensin was positively associated with plasma estradiol level (ηp2 = 0.3%; P = 0.010). There were significant phytoestrogen interactions with polymorphisms in ESR1 and NR1I2 genes in affecting estrone levels. We conclude that phytoestrogens modulate sex hormone and SHBG levels in postmenopausal women and interact with gene variants involved in estrogen signaling. Such phytoestrogen-gene interactions may explain the conflicting literature on the hormonal effects of phytoestrogens. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):1009–16)
Longitudinal Trends in Mammographic Percent Density and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Vachon Celine M. , Pankratz V. Shane , Scott Christopher G. , Maloney Shaun D. , Ghosh Karthik , Brandt Kathleen R. , Milanese Tia , Carston Michael J. , Sellers Thomas A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Background: Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. However, whether changes in mammographic density are associated with risk remains unclear.
Materials and Methods: A study of 372 incident breast cancer cases and 713 matched controls was conducted within the Mayo Clinic mammography screening practice. Controls were matched on age, exam date, residence, menopause, interval between, and number of mammograms. All serial craniocaudal mammograms 10 years before ascertainment were digitized, and quantitative measures of percent density (PD) were estimated using a thresholding method. Data on potential confounders were abstracted from medical records. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the interactions among PD at earliest mammogram, time from earliest to each serial mammogram, and absolute change in PD between the earliest and subsequent mammograms. Analyses were done separately for PD measures from the ipsilateral and contralateral breast and also by use of hormone therapy (HT).
Results: Subjects had an average of five mammograms available, were primarily postmenopausal (83%), and averaged 61 years at the earliest mammogram. Mean PD at earliest mammogram was higher for cases (31%) than controls (27%; ipsilateral side). There was no evidence of an association between change in PD and breast cancer risk by time. Compared with no change, an overall reduction of 10% PD (lowest quartile of change) was associated with an odds ratio of 0.9997 and an increase of 6.5% PD (highest quartile of change) with an odds ratio of 1.002. The same results held within the group of 220 cases and 340 controls never using HT. Among the 124 cases and 337 controls known to use HT during the interval, there was a statistically significant interaction between change in PD and time since the earliest mammogram (P = 0.01). However, in all groups, the risk associated with the earliest PD remained a stronger predictor of risk than change in PD.
Conclusion: We observed no association between change in PD with breast cancer risk among all women and those never using HT. However, the interaction between change in PD and time should be evaluated in other populations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):921–8)
The CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Association Between Coffee Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Kotsopoulos Joanne , Ghadirian Parviz , El-Sohemy Ahmed , Lynch Henry T. , Snyder Carrie , Daly Mary , Domchek Susan , Randall Susan , Karlan Beth , Zhang Phil , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Ping , Narod Steven A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We have recently reported that, among BRCA1 mutation carriers, the consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk. Because the metabolism of caffeine is primarily by CYP1A2, we examined whether or not the CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between a history of coffee consumption and the risk of breast cancer. A common A to C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene is associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and impaired caffeine metabolism. Information regarding coffee consumption habits and the CYP1A2 genotype was available for 411 BRCA1 mutation carriers (170 cases and 241 controls). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer associated with the CYP1A2 genotype and a history of coffee consumption before age 35, adjusting for potential confounders. The CYP1A2 genotype did not affect breast cancer risk. Among women with at least one variant C allele (AC or CC), those who consumed coffee had a 64% reduction in breast cancer risk, compared with women who never consumed coffee (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.73). A significant protective effect of coffee consumption was not observed among women with the CYP1A2 AA genotype (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.49-1.77). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to caffeinated coffee. This study suggests that caffeine protects against breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation and illustrates the importance of integrating individual genetic variability when assessing diet-disease associations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):912–6)
Airway mucosal inflammation in COPD is similar in smokers and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis
Authors: Gamble E. , Grootendorst D. C. , Hattotuwa K. , O'Shaughnessy T. , Ram F. S. F. , Qiu Y. , Zhu J. , Vignola A. M. , Kroegel C. , Morell F. , Pavord I. D. , Rabe K. F. , Jeffery P. K. , Barnes N. C. 
Published: May 2007

Bronchial biopsy specimens from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients demonstrate increased numbers of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, macrophages and, in some studies, neutrophils and eosinophils. Smoking cessation affects the rate of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline in COPD, but the effect on inflammation is uncertain. Bronchial biopsy inflammatory cell counts were compared in current and ex-smokers with COPD.A pooled analysis of subepithelial inflammatory cell count data from three bronchial biopsy studies that included COPD patients who were either current or ex-smokers was performed.Cell count data from 101 subjects, 65 current smokers and 36 ex-smokers, were analysed for the following cell types: CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD68+ (monocytes/macrophages), neutrophil elastase+ (neutrophils), EG2+ (eosinophils), mast cell tryptase+ and cells mRNA-positive for tumour necrosis factor-α. Current smokers and ex-smokers were similar in terms of lung function, as measured by FEV1(% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC. The results demonstrate that there were no significant differences between smokers and ex-smokers in the numbers of any of the inflammatory cell types or markers analysed.It is concluded that, in established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the bronchial mucosal inflammatory cell infiltrate is similar in ex-smokers and those that continue to smoke.