bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter‐directed thrombolysis (intrathrombus injection) in treatment of deep venous thrombosis: A systematic review
Authors: Alesh Issa , Kayali Fadi , Stein Paul D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMethods of delivery of thrombolytic agents for massive or limb threatening deep venous thrombosis (DVT) include a systemic infusion, local–regional administration, and catheter‐directed therapy (tip of catheter placed inside the thrombus). We evaluated the effectiveness of catheter‐directed therapy and compared the results with randomized clinical trials of systemic and local–regional thrombolytic therapy. Many who used catheter‐directed thrombolysis used balloon angioplasty, stents, or thrombectomy in addition. Pooled data showed higher rates of complete early opening of occluded veins with catheter‐directed thrombolysis alone, 90%, or with catheter‐directed thrombolysis often followed by adjunct therapy, 76%, than with a systemic infusion, 28%, or local–regional administration, 20%. The prevalence of postthrombotic syndrome was lower with catheter‐directed combined with adjunct therapy, 26%, compared with 56% and 69%, respectively. Rates of any bleeding were higher with catheter‐directed thrombolytic therapy, but bleeding was usually minor. In conclusion, the data suggest that catheter‐directed thrombolytic therapy may be more beneficial than systemic or local regional administration. An advantage is that it lends itself to adjunct treatment following the administration of thrombolytic agents if the thrombolysis is inadequate. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated left pulmonary artery: Interventional stenting of a persistent fifth aortic arch
Authors: Koch A. , Ludwig J. , Zink S. , Singer H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA few cases of isolated pulmonary artery have been successfully palliated by stenting the arterial duct using coronary stents. However, progressive luminal narrowing within the stent due to neointimal proliferation and peal formation is a considerable problem. We report the successful interventional palliation in a 7‐week‐old infant with isolated left pulmonary artery using sirolimus‐eluting stents. In this unusual case, the isolated pulmonary artery was supplied by a duct‐like remnant of a persistent fifth aortic arch, whereby the distal part of this vessel showed severe constriction. Implantation of two sirolimus‐eluting coronary stents re‐established good perfusion of the left pulmonary artery. Seven months after the procedure, echocardiography revealed that perfusion of the stented vessel and the left pulmonary artery was still very good. Stents eluting antimitotic agents also help to preserve the patency of small vessels in infants, and may be useful for ductal stenting. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance goals and endpoint assessments for clinical trials of femoropopliteal bare nitinol stents in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Rocha‐Singh Krishna J. , Jaff Michael R. , Crabtree Tami R. , Bloch Daniel A. , Ansel Gary ,   on behalf of VIVA Physicians, Inc.
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: This analysis proposes safety and performance goals for prospective single‐arm trials of bare nitinol stents to treat patients with debilitating claudication associated with femoropopliteal (FP) atherosclerotic lesions. Background: To date there have been no analyses of clinical trials data to set efficacy and safety benchmarks for new bare nitinol stents in the treatment of claudication from FP disease. Industry has been reluctant to sponsor studies of nitinol stents due to logistical barriers. Methods: VIVA Physician's, Inc. (VPI) analyzed subject‐level data from the PTA control arm of three randomized FDA device trials conducted by industry. Subjects with Rutherford category 2‐4 claudication and FP lesion lengths 4–15 cm with 12 month duplex ultrasound (DUS) assessment were identified. These data were combined with the results of a survey of the medical literature (1990–2006) for similar subjects. Results: Analysis of the industry derived control arm PTA data identified 116 patients (mean lesion length 8.7 cm) with a 12 month DUS defined FP patency of 28%. A similar cohort of 191 patients was identified from the medical literature in which the 12‐month vessel patency equaled 37%; from these combined patient cohorts, expected vessel patency for PTA was estimated to equal 33%. Conclusion: Based on the PTA performance efficacy rate of 33% derived from industry clinical trial data and the medical literature, and the requirement that the bare nitinol stent 12‐month efficacy performance goal be set to equal twice this rate, the patency efficacy goal equals 66%. Additional information is provided on safety and other reporting standards and stent integrity evaluation for bare metal stents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual mechanism platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome from severe right coronary artery stenosis and a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Yeo Khung Keong , Rogers Jason H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPlatypnea‐orthodeoxia is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by hypoxemia induced during upright posture. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain this clinical entity, usually involving posture‐provoked intracardiac or transpulmonary shunting. In many cases, however, a single etiology may not be evident, and multiple factors are likely contributory. We herein describe an unusual and novel case of platypnea‐orthodeoxia caused by the physiologic interaction between a severe proximal right coronary artery stenosis and a large patent foramen ovale. Percutaneous stenting of the right coronary artery and transcatheter closure of the patent foramen ovale during the same setting resulted in complete resolution of the patient's symptoms. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of PCE and Butyraldehyde over Titania Modified with Perovskite Optical Crystal BaTiO3
Authors: Vajifdar K. J. , Chen D. H. , Gossage J. L. , Li K. , Ye X. , Gadiyar G. , Ardoin B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhotocatalysis utilizes near‐UV or visible light to break down organic pollutants into innocuous compounds at room temperatures. This paper introduces the use of semiconducting optical crystals as an additive to a photocatalyst. The perovskite optical material BaTiO3 (band gap of 3.7–3.8 eV) is found to increase VOC destruction when black light is used. The best composition found is 0.1 wt % BaTiO3 with the balance being TiO2. This photocatalyst increases tetrachloroethylene (PCE) conversion by 12 % to 32 % for space times between 1.4 and 17.2 seconds and inlet concentrations of 40 to 130 ppm with a 4 W black light. The average enhancement is approximately 25 %. For butyraldehyde conversion the maximum enhancement is 20 % at 130 ppm in 3.6 seconds. The UV/VIS spectroscopy data indicate a lower absorbance with the additive. The reaction parameters studied are space velocity, inlet concentration and light source. Oxidation by‐products are identified using a GCMS.
Device Performance Improvement of Double‐Pass Concentric Circular Mass Exchangers under Uniform Wall Fluxes
Authors: Ho C.‐D. , Chuang Y.‐C. , Tu J.‐W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA double‐pass concentric circular mass exchanger under uniform wall fluxes is produced by inserting a permeable barrier into a circular tube to improve the device performance. The mathematical formulation was developed theoretically for such double‐pass, forced‐convection, mass‐transfer problems which are referred to as conjugated Graetz problems. The analytical solutions are obtained by the linear superposition of an asymptotic solution and a homogeneous solution which are linear in the axial direction and solved with the use of an eigenfunction expansion in a power series. The analytical results show that the mass‐transfer rate of a double‐pass mass exchanger can be improved compared to that of a single‐pass mass exchanger by suitably adjusting the permeable barrier position. Moreover, the ratio of mass‐transfer efficiency improvement and power consumption increment is also shown to make good economic sense.
Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions on Jojoba Nuts Residue
Authors: Abu‐Arabi M. K. , Allawzi M. A. , Al‐Zoubi A. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEquilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions of three types of Jojoba nuts residue were determined at 30, 40 and 55 °C. Types I and II were the residue after extracting the oil by leaching or by a pressing process, respectively. The third type was obtained by thermally treating the residue remaining after pressing. The phenol concentration ranged from 0–100 ppm in the aqueous solutions. A low adsorption capacity relative to activated carbon was obtained on types I and II, while the adsorption capacity of type III was much higher than types I and II. The results show that Jojoba nuts residue show good potential for adsorption of phenolic compounds if subjected to some type of treatment (activation). As the temperature increased from 30 to 55 °C, the adsorption capacity of types I and II decreased, but the increase had a negligible effect on type III. The experimental data were fitted to the appropriate adsorption models. The models used were Langmuir, Freundlich, Koble‐Corrigan and Redlich‐Peterson.
Simulations of Gas Distributors in the Design of Shallow Bubble Column Reactors
Authors: Bahadori F. , Rahimi R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the effect of sparger construction in gas holdup and liquid axial velocity in a shallow bubble column reactor for the air‐water system. Model parameters were evaluated in 2‐ and 3‐D simulations by using a two‐fluid model and the standard k‐ϵ turbulence model. The Eulerian‐Eulerian approach was employed to predict the height of column that is affected by the sparger. It was found that increasing the number of orifices in the sparger increases the total gas holdup. Moreover, each orifice causes an increase in the circulation and mixing of liquid in the column. The results of the simulations follow the trends observed in the findings of Dhotre and Joshi [1].
Investigations on the Coupling of Ethylene and Alkynes in [IrTp] Compounds: Water as an Effective Trapping Agent
Authors: Paneque Margarita , Posadas Cristina M. , Poveda Manuel L. , Rendón Nuria , Álvarez Eleuterio , Mereiter Kurt 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe reaction of the bis(ethylene) complex [TpIr(C2H4)2] (1) (Tp: hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) with two equivalents of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in CH2Cl2 at 25 °C gives the hydride–alkenyl species [TpIrH{C(R)C(R)C(R)C(R)CHCH2}] (2, R: CO2Me) in high yield. A careful study of this system has established the active role of a number of intermediates en route to producing 2. The first of these is the iridium(I) complex [TpIr(C2H4)(DMAD)] (4) formed by substitution of one of the ethylene ligands in 1 by a molecule of DMAD. Complex 4 reacts further with another equivalent of the alkyne to give the unsaturated metallacyclopentadiene [TpIr{C(R)C(R)C(R)C(R)}], which can be trapped by added water to give adduct 7, or can react with the C2H4 present in solution generating complex 2. This last step has been shown to proceed by insertion of ethylene into one of the IrC bonds of the metallacyclopentadiene and subsequent β‐H elimination. Complex 1 reacts sequentially with one equivalent of DMAD and one equivalent of methyl propiolate (MP) in the presence of water, with regioselective formation of the nonsymmetric iridacyclopentadiene [TpIr{C(R)C(R)C(H)C(R)}(H2O)] (9). Complex 9 reacts with ethylene giving a hydride–alkenyl complex 10, related to 2, in which the C2H4 has inserted regiospecifically into the IrC(R) bond that bears the CH functionality. Heating solutions of either 2 or 10 in CH2Cl2 allows the formation of the allyl species 3 or 11, respectively, by simple stereoselective migration of the hydride ligand to the Cα alkenyl carbon atom and concomitant bond reorganization of the resulting organic chain. All the compounds described herein have been characterized by microanalysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and for the case of 3, 7, 7⋅CO, 8⋅NCMe, 9, 9⋅NCMe, and 10, also by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
TiO2 Porous Electrodes with Hierarchical Branched Inner Channels for Charge Transport in Viscous Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Yong , Sheng Xianliang , Zhai Jin , Jiang Lei , Yang Chunhe , Sun Zhongwei , Li Yongfang , Zhu Daoben 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) photoelectrodes with micro/nano hierarchical branched inner channels have been prepared by an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) technique and assembled to form dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Excellent penetration of ionic‐liquid electrolytes and enhanced light harvesting in the longer wavelength region are realized within the composite‐structure electrode, thus a better fill factor (ff) of 75.3 % and higher conversion efficiency (η) of 7.1 % are obtained for viscous ionic‐liquid electrolytes compared to pure nanostructured films. Hierarchical branched channels in the photoanodes can efficiently improve the transport properties of redox‐active species in viscous electrolytes, which is demonstrated by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The incident monochromatic photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) shows that enhanced light scattering in the composite film is of benefit for light harvesting and thus for solar energy conversion efficiency.
Organization of local interneurons in optic glomeruli of the dipterous visual system and comparisons with the antennal lobes
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas J. , Sinakevitch Irina , Okamura Jun‐Ya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe lateral protocerebrum of the fly's brain is composed of a system of optic glomeruli, the organization of which compares to that of antennal lobe glomeruli. Each optic glomerulus receives converging axon terminals from a unique ensemble of optic lobe output neurons. Glomeruli are interconnected by systems of spiking and nonspiking local interneurons that are morphologically similar to diffuse and polarized local interneurons in the antennal lobes. GABA‐like immunoreactive processes richly supply optic glomeruli, which are also invaded by processes originating from the midbrain and subesophageal ganglia. These arrangements support the suggestion that circuits amongst optic glomeruli refine and elaborate visual information carried by optic lobe outputs, relaying data to long‐axoned neurons that extend to other parts of the central nervous system including thoracic ganglia. The representation in optic glomeruli of other modalities suggests that gating of visual information by other sensory inputs, a phenomenon documented from the recordings of descending neurons, could occur before the descending neuron dendrites. The present results demonstrate that future studies must consider the roles of other senses in visual processing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Axon extension in the fast and slow lanes: Substratum‐dependent engagement of myosin II functions
Authors: Ketschek Andrea R. , Jones Steven L. , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAxon extension involves the coordinated regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Actin filaments drive protrusion of filopodia and lamellipodia while microtubules invade the growth cone, thereby providing structural support for the nascent axon. Furthermore, in order for axons to extend the growth cone must attach to the substratum. Previous work indicates that myosin II activity inhibits the advance of microtubules into the periphery of growth cones, and myosin II has also been implicated in mediating integrin‐dependent cell attachment. However, it is not clear how the functions of myosin II in regulating substratum attachment and microtubule advance are integrated during axon extension. We report that inhibition of myosin II function decreases the rate of axon extension on laminin, but surprisingly promotes extension rate on polylysine. The differential effects of myosin II inhibition on axon extension rate are attributable to myosin II having the primary function of mediating substratum attachment on laminin, but not on polylysine. Conversely, on polylysine the primary function of myosin II is to inhibit microtubule advance into growth cones. Thus, the substratum determines the role of myosin II in axon extension by controlling the functions of myosin II that contribute to extension. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Nicotine improves morphine‐induced impairment of memory: Possible involvement of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Ahmadi Shamseddin , Zarrindast Mohammad Reza , Haeri‐Rohani Ali , Rezayof Ameneh , Nouri Maryam 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe possible involvement of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in nicotine's effect on impairment of memory by morphine was investigated. A passive avoidance task was used for memory assessment in male Wistar rats. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg) after training impaired memory performance in the animals when tested 24 h later. Pretest administration of the same doses of morphine reversed impairment of memory because of post‐training administration of the opioid. Moreover, administration of nicotine (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) before the test prevented impairment of memory by morphine (5 mg/kg) given after training. Impairment of memory performance in the animals because of post‐training administration of morphine (5 mg/kg) was also prevented by pretest administration of a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK‐801 (0.75 and 1 μg/rat). Interestingly, an ineffective dose of MK‐801 (0.5 μg/rat) in combination with low doses (0.075 and 0.1 mg/kg) of nicotine, which had no effects alone, synergistically improved memory performance impaired by morphine given after training. On the other hand, pretest administration of NMDA (0.1 and 0.5 μg/rat), which had no effect alone, in combination with an effective dose (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) of nicotine prevented the improving effect of nicotine on memory impaired by pretreatment morphine. The results suggest a possible role for NMDA receptors of the NAc in the improving effect of nicotine on the morphine‐induced amnesia. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Amino acid profiling in plant cell cultures: An inter‐laboratory comparison of CE‐MS and GC‐MS
Authors: Williams Brad J. , Cameron Carson J. , Workman Ronald , Broeckling Corey D. , Sumner Lloyd W. , Smith Joel T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA CE‐MS method for metabolic profiling of amino acids was developed and used in an integrated functional genomics project to study the response of Medicago truncatula liquid suspension cell cultures to stress. This project required the analysis of more than 500 root cell culture extracts. The CE‐MS method profiled 20 biologically important amino acids. The CE‐MS method required no sample derivatization prior to injection and used minimal sample preparation. The method is described in terms of CE and MS operational parameters, reproducibility of migration times and response ratios, sample preparation, sample throughput, and reliability. This method was then compared with a previously published report that used GC‐MS metabolic profiling for the same tissues. The data reveal a high level of similarity between the CE‐MS and GC‐MS amino acid profiling methods, thus supporting these as complementary technologies for metabolomics. We conclude that CE‐MS is a valid alternative to GC‐MS for targeted profiling of metabolites, such as amino acids, and possesses some significant advantages over GC‐MS.
Seismic analysis of skewed highway bridges with intermediate supports
Authors: Ghobarah A. A. , Tso W. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDue to the damage suffered by many skewed highway bridges during the San Fernando earthquake, 1971, a study is made on the dynamic response of this type of bridge. Using a beam model capable of flexural and torsional deformations, the mode shapes and frequency equations are presented. Due to the skewness of the intermediate supports, coupled flexural and torsional vibrations are shown to be excited by the vertical component of ground motionAn analysis is carried out for the Foothill Boulevard Undercrossing, S.E. Bridge in the San Fernando Valley, California which suffered damage to the intermediate supports. The results of the analysis correlate well with the observed damage pattern of the bridge.
Dynamic analysis of column‐supported hyperboloidal shells
Authors: Gould Phillip L. , Sen Subir K. , Suryoutomo Herman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe dynamic response of hyperboloidal shells on discrete column supports is studied using a curved rotational shell finite element. In this finite element formulation, the displacement field over each element domain is approximated by polynomial functions in which the coefficients of the linear terms correspond to the nodal values of the displacements and the higher order terms vanish at the nodal circles. The stiffness and mass matrices associated with the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's variational principle and include the effects of transverse shearing deformation and rotatory inertia. Since the formulation, as such, involves a great many degrees of freedom because of the use of higher order displacement functions, the kinematic condensation technique is employed to reduce the order of the dynamic problemThe dynamic analysis indicates the importance of realistically modelling the base region of the shell. Studies on a prototype tower indicates that the base flexibility reduces the natural frequencies of the shell and increases the displacements near the base. The magnitude of this reduction, which could be significant, depends primarily on the tangential stiffnesses of the supporting columns and is hardly affected by the thickened ring beam at the base.
Time and amplitude dependent response of structures
Authors: Udwadia F. E. , Trifunac M. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn understanding of the precise nature of the non‐linear response of structures is essential for future improvement of earthquake resistant design procedures. This paper presents a summary of observations of dynamic behaviour which were made on two typical modern buildings during a period of about ten years. These structures underwent numerous tests and experienced three strong earthquake ground motions. The data presented should prove useful for calibration of parameters in theoretical non‐linear modelsFor buildings having an apparent soft‐spring‐type non‐linearity, a partial or complete recovery of the structural stiffness appears to occur following the large strains created by strong ground shaking. The rate and extent of this recovery appear to depend strongly on the strain levels throughout the excitation.
Fatigue failure characteristics of some models of jointed rock
Authors: Brown E. T. , Hudson J. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe time‐dependent failure of rock subjected to repeated loading can be explained in terms of the residual strength locus: catastrophic failure occurs when the accumulation of deformation is such that the residual strength locus is intercepted. In a preliminary experimental study of the fatigue characteristics of rock masses, highly idealized models of jointed rock were subjected to a series of cyclic uniaxial compression tests. The results of these experiments show that intact and failed models of jointed rock are extremely susceptible to cyclic fatigue failure, and that in these cases the residual strength locus interpretation of time‐dependent failure is correct.