bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐curable aqueous polymeric dyes for printing and dyeing applications
Authors: Huang Ching‐Tzer , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn epoxy resin (NPES‐904, epoxy equivalent weight is 815) with a repeating unit, n > 4 was selected as a polymer backbone of polymeric dye. Water‐reducible epoxy resin was prepared by a semiesterification of its secondary hydroxy group with succinic anhydride and then dispersed to aqueous phase after it was neutralized with triethylamine. An aqueous polymeric dye was obtained from a ring opening reaction of that epoxy resin with amino group of a direct dye (soluble dye such as C. I. Acid Blue 62, C. I. Direct Orange 39 or C. I. Direct Red 2). These aqueous polymeric dye dispersions carried the average particle sizes between 50 and 90 nm. A polyaziridine was added as a latent curing agent and forming a self‐curable system of aqueous polymeric dye solution, which was stable in aqueous phase when its pH remained above 8.0. This aqueous polymeric dye was self‐cured on drying at ambient temperature and results in the formation of waterproof and solvent‐resistant polymeric dye. These self‐curable polymeric dyes had potential for jet ink printing and dyeing applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1919–1931, 2006
Curing and post‐curing luminescence in an epoxy resin
Authors: Gallot‐Lavallée O. , Teyssedre G. , Laurent C. , Robiani S. , Rowe S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA spontaneous luminescence is reported when epoxy resin samples are heated in air. This phenomenon is very sensitive to the nature of the atmosphere. The same treatment in nitrogen leads to an extinction of the luminescence. The emission process is restored when samples are kept for a sufficient time in air. To better understand this phenomenon, we have investigated the luminescence of the elementary constituents of the epoxy (resin and hardener), when heated in air and nitrogen, as well as during resin‐curing in the same atmospheres. It appears that the emission process is linked with the presence of oxygen. Although the kinetics of the luminescence can differ, depending on the nature of the sample (cured resin, resin during curing, liquid components), the emission spectra are the same during resin‐curing and upon heating of the cured resin and hardener. The emission spectrum of the base resin is different. It is concluded that the light results from a chemiluminescence process during oxidation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1899–1904, 2006
Preparation, structure and properties of nitrile–butadiene rubber–organoclay nanocomposites by reactive mixing intercalation method
Authors: Liu Lan , Jia Demin , Luo Yuanfang , Guo Baochun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe nanocomposites of nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) and organo‐montmorillonite modified by hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HMMT) were prepared by the reactive mixing intercalation method in the presence of the resorcinol and hexamethylenetetramine complex (RH). The structure of the NBR–RH–HMMT nanocomposites was characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR, determination of crosslinking density, and so on. The results showed that the d‐spacing of HMMT increased substantially with RH addition and the layers of HMMT were dispersed in rubber matrix on a nanometer scale. The mechanical properties of the NBR–RH–HMMT nanocomposites were far superior to those of NBR–HMMT composites, and the glass transition temperature of NBR–RH–HMMT nanocomposite was higher than that of NBR. The reactive mixing intercalation method by introducing RH could enhance the interface combination between the rubber and the organoclay through the interactions of RH with NBR and modified clay. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1905–1913, 2006
Xylan/polyvinyl alcohol blend and its performance as hydrogel
Authors: Tanodekaew Siriporn , Channasanon Somruethai , Uppanan Paweena 
Published: February 2006

AbstractXylan was first modified with maleic anhydride (MA) to obtain xylan‐MA. The derivative was then blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to generate xylan‐MA/PVA hydrogel. Xylan‐MA was prepared by reacting xylan with MA under an acidic condition. A ring opening of MA occurred, yielding ester linkages between xylan and MA, as verified by 13C‐NMR and FTIR. The effects of reaction temperature and weight ratio of xylan to MA on esterification were examined. Thermal stability of modified xylan derivatives was compared with that of pure xylan using TGA. The blends of xylan‐MA with PVA became crosslinked gel after being heated at high temperature. The influences of MA and PVA contents on strength and swelling behaviors of the gels were investigated. The cytotoxicity of the gels was also evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1914–1918, 2006
Study on volume ratio and plasticizer screening of free coating membranes composed of ethyl cellulose and chitosan
Authors: He Wen , Du Yumin , Fan Lihong 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to optimize the formula of free blended coating membrane of ethyl cellulose (EC) and chitosan (CS), including their suitable ratio range and the best plasticizer used. The dry films were produced by a casting/solvent evaporation method, with different volume ratio of EC and CS solution plasticized by various plasticizers, respectively. The wet films were prepared by immersing dry films in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 24 h. The promising ratio range of EC/CS was below 20/5 or 20/6 with various plasticizer, which was determined by comparing the viscosity of the blended solutions and the morphology of the blended films. The efficiency of plasticization was evaluated by measuring glass transition temperature (Tg). All the testing plasticizers have good compatibility with EC or CS and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) have the strongest efficiency inducing the lowest Tg (39.9°C) of the film. Mechanical properties were evaluated by the ratio of tensile strength (T) to elastic modulus (E). In the wet state, the films with DBP had the highest T/E value (1.2). The results of leaching of plasticizers also verified that DBP was the most stable plasticizer in the films. The release rates of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) through the pellets coated with the blended films of EC/CS (20 : 6 v/v) plasticized by various plasticizers showed that the more water‐soluble the plasticizer was, the more quickly TMPP dissolved from the coated pellets, which further indicated that the water‐insoluble plasticizers (such as DBP) could be more applicable to keep the sustained or controlled release property of the blended films in wet state. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1932–1939, 2006
Effect of silicon dioxide on crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene
Authors: Chen Minjie , Tian Guohua , Zhang Yong , Wan Chaoying , Zhang Yinxi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe crystallization and melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and polypropylene copolymer (co‐PP) containing silicon dioxide (SiO2) were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). SiO2 had a heterogenous nucleating effect on iPP, leading to a moderate increase in the crystallization temperature and a decrease in the half crystallization time. However, SiO2 decreased the crystallization temperature and prolonged the half crystallization time of co‐PP. A modified Avrami theory was successfully used to well describe the early stages of nonisothermal crystallization of iPP, co‐PP, and their composites. SiO2 exhibited high nucleation activity for iPP, but showed little nucleation activity for co‐PP and even restrained nucleation. The iPP/SiO2 composite had higher activation energy of crystal growth than iPP, indicating the difficulty of crystal growth of the composite. The co‐PP/SiO2 composite had lower activation energy than co‐PP, indicating the ease of crystal growth of the composite. Crystallization rates of iPP, co‐PP, and their composites depended on the nucleation. Because of its high rate of nucleation, the iPP/SiO2 composite had higher crystallization rate than iPP. Because of its low rate of nucleation, the co‐PP/SiO2 composite had lower crystallization rate than co‐PP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1889–1898, 2006
A novel fiber‐coated strong base‐type anion exchanger with superfast kinetics. Removal and recovery of silver thiosulfate from aqueous solutions
Authors: Chanda Manas , Pillay S. Arumugom , Sarkar Amitava , Modak Jayant M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA commercial acrylic fiber with 92% (w/w) acrylonitrile content was partially hydrolyzed converting a fraction of the nitrile (CN) groups to carboxylic acid (COOH) groups, to coat the fiber with polyethylenimine (PEI) resin, which was then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and further quaternized with ethyl chloroacetate to produce a novel strong‐base anionic exchanger in the form of fiber. Designated as PAN(QPEI.XG)(Cl−), the fibrous sorbent was compared with a commercial bead‐form resin Amberlite IRA‐458(Cl−) in respect of sorption capacity, selectivity, and kinetics for removal of silver thiosulfate complexes from aqueous solutions. Though the saturation level of [Ag(S2O3)2]3− on PAN(QPEI.XG)(Cl−) is considerably less than that on IRA‐458(Cl−), the gel‐coated fibrous sorbent exhibits, as compared to the bead‐form sorbent, a significantly higher sorption selectivity for the silver thiosulfate complex in the presence of excess of other anions such as S2O32−, SO42−, and Cl−, and a remarkably faster rate of both sorption and stripping. The initial uptake of the sorbate by the fibrous sorbent is nearly instantaneous, reaching up to ∼80% of the saturation capacity within 10 s, as compared to only ∼12% on the bead‐form sorbent. The high initial rate of uptake fits a shell‐core kinetic model for sorption on fiber of cylindrical geometry. With 4M HCl, the stripping of the sorbed silver complex from the fibrous sorbent is clean and nearly instantaneous, while, in contrast, a much slower rate of stripping on the bead‐form sorbent leads to its fouling due to a slow decomposition of the silver thiosulfate complex in the acidic medium. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2604–2613, 2006
The relevance of immigration in the psychodynamic formulation of psychotherapy with immigrants
Authors: Halperin Silvia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe main goal of this article is to highlight the relevance of the immigration process in psychodynamic psychotherapy with immigrants. Conceived of as a general phenomenon, immigration challenges the stability of the individual's psychic structure and family organization and it has significant transgenerational implications. Its psychodynamics includes interrelated processes of mourning, discontinuity of identity and imbalance of self‐esteem. Clinically, in the psychodynamic formulation of the adult immigrant's unique experiences, behaviors and symptoms, immigration operates as a complex precipitating factor, and its three interrelated processes need to be contextualized in the patient's history, organization of identifications and defenses, central conflicts and system of beliefs and ideals. In order to capture the intersection of personal, familial and cultural meanings, the conceptual framework for the psychodynamic formulation of psychotherapy cases includes intrapsychic, interpersonal and cultural dimensions of psychic reality. The theoretical foundation of this article draws on the integration of relational psychoanalysis and social cognition. The outcome of the psychological process of immigration is considered to depend not only on the restructuring of dynamic aspects but also on non‐dynamic factors such as the immigrant's age, socioeconomic background, linguistic and cultural differences, forced or voluntary migration, and the possibility of revisiting the country of origin. Two psychotherapy case presentations illustrate the three interacting processes of the psychodynamics of immigration formulated in the context of each immigrant's history and personality from a psychodynamic framework that includes intrapsychic, interpersonal and cultural perspectives. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
“I think of God, in order not to be aware”: defensive dissociation and the use of religious objects
Authors: LaMothe Ryan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article explores the relation between defensive dissociation and the use of religious objects from three related directions. First, religious objects and their attributes provide an interpretative framework that generates, for the believer, an unassailable and thoroughly self‐consistent experience of agentic hate and hostility and a concomitant sense of worth, power, and efficacy, which together keep intolerable anxiety unformulated and thus outside of awareness. The unassailable religious object (e.g., crucifix or swastika) points to the collapse of potential space whereby doubt and ambiguity, which are necessary for the construction of new meaning, are eliminated. Second, I depict how unthinkable anxiety is dissociated, in part, through the formulation of omnipotent identifications and these identifications represent a collapse of potential space – a refusal to recognize likeness in difference and difference in likeness. Third, the collapse of potential space attends the breakdown of the dynamic tension between generating and submitting to experience. On the one hand, this collapse enables a compulsive, omnipotent construction of experience, a concomitant rigid subjectivity, and the foreclosure of new meaning. On the other hand, it leads to an intrapsychic, desymbolized space: an empty space from which subjectivity, meaning, and value are absent. The hidden presence of desymbolized space is indicated in the intentional construction of a depersonalized other and by the wish or plan to annihilate real and imagined others. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Rebirth at 40: photographs as transitional objects
Authors: Young Barbara 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article discusses how a restricted man who had lived a False Self all his life was able to educate the analyst in providing a holding environment so that he could learn to speak in his own voice, take over the control of his automatic bladder and bowel function, and gradually “own” himself for the first time. The analyst – who is also a photographer – explores the manner in which her photographs served as transitional objects to this patient and played a part in supplying the transitional space necessary for him to complete his emotional growth. The analyst expands on the interrelationship of her two careers and the important role her creativity has played in her own life. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The anatomy of nostalgia: from pathology to normality
Authors: Nikelly Arthur G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis analysis traces the genesis, evolution, and function of the hitherto abandoned illness category of nostalgia and demonstrates how compelling environmental imperatives can generate a nosological construct (diagnosis) whose etiology changes according to prevailing living conditions. I show that, to a large extent, the physical symptoms of nostalgia are a function of abrupt changes in social structures and that the explanation for the nostalgic experience is influenced by cultural values and by the prevailing medical and social attitudes in various chronological periods. Nostalgia is a culturally devised label that controls and treats deviant behavior but fades when environmental circumstances restabilize. Although no longer a valid category, nostalgia helps therapists understand how to deal with homesickness, separation, and loss, and facilitates insight and coping among immigrants, sojourners, and culturally alienated persons. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Integrating attachment theory and neuroscience in couple therapy
Authors: Goldstein Sondra , Thau Susan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe authors integrate findings from neurophysiology, affect regulation and attachment research, and apply them to treating couples. They observe that adult styles of relating to primary attachment figures parallel the attachment styles identified in infant–caregiver relationships. They work with couples on maintaining a state of attunement, providing a secure base, recognizing non‐verbal signals of unconscious associations, and processing the emotionally charged interactions that frequently occur in the relationship. They give a clinical example that shows how an understanding of attachment styles and internal working models of relationships provides a perspective in couple therapy for dealing with the underlying needs and longings of intimate relationships. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Holding on and letting go: developmental anxieties in couples after the birth of a child
Authors: Berg Jenny , Jools Penny 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe authors propose a theoretical sequence for the psychological development of couples from narcissistic, autistic‐contiguous and paranoid‐schizoid levels to depressive position functioning. The authors illustrate their observations with vignettes from couple therapy with a husband and wife who are dealing with the impact of a third on their fragile relationship, initially in the form of their baby, subsequently his lover and lastly the couple therapist. They show how dealing with resistance and transference enables the couple to give up a shared manic defence, grieve together and move along the developmental levels to achieve a more satisfying reality. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The splitting function of the dyad versus the containing function of the couple: a case of combined concurrent couple and individual therapy
Authors: Varela Yolanda De 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe author describes the destructive effect of two individuals' dyadic internal object relationships on their marriage. In a combined, concurrent couple and individual therapy, she recognizes the prevalence of need‐gratifying primitive dyads and sees the destructive effect that they have on the couple's hopes for intimate relating. The therapist becomes the object of desire to which the preference for dyadic relating attaches, interprets that this reliance on dyadic functioning with each other as parent substitutes stems from lost loves of childhood, and works through with the partners until they are functioning as a mature couple of equals capable of holding, containment, interpretation of conflict and personal integration. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Extending fairbairn and Sutherland's socio‐intrapsychic model to assessment and treatment of a stepfamily
Authors: Bagnini Carl 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe author describes an unusual adaptation of object relations family therapy tailored to the requirements of symptomatic adult children, their long‐divorced parents and their stepfamilies. He worked with the children on understanding their disturbed relationship as an identification with the pre‐divorce parental couple. He brought the divorced couple together for sessions to rework their break‐up and repair trauma to their children. He had sessions with the current stepfamily members. The design of the treatment called for moving gradually and thoroughly, back and forth, from past to present, interpersonal to intrapsychic, individual to group, and family to stepfamily. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Play and very young children in object relations family therapy
Authors: Scharff Jill Savege 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe author encourages family therapists to include young children in their family therapy sessions so that they can achieve whole family understanding. For adult family therapists who want to learn how to include children, and individual child therapists who want to work with groups, the author presents a brief theory of play as well as an overview of object relations theory and its application to the family as a group. She provides many illustrations of the effective use of play as a mode of communication in family therapy with babies, latency‐age children and adolescents, and concludes that play and fun support learning and growth of children and their families. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews in Israel: the reflection of social history in therapeutic processes
Authors: Strenger Carlo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn extended case study of an analytic treatment examines the difficulty of identity formation for Sephardic Jews in Israel, on the background of negative stereotypization of this group by the Ashkenazi Elites during the first decades of Israel's existence. Zionism was based on the idea that a New Jew needed to be created, as the Old Diaspora Jew was seen as weak, dejected, and self‐deprecating. The hypothesis is advanced that the Old Jew remains a split‐off part of Israeli identity, which is experienced as threatening, and that psychic wounds often found in Sephardic Jews in Israel reflect the projection of disavowed aspects of the Old Jew by Ashkenazim onto Sephardim. The case example shows how this wider social reality influences transference–countertransference interactions in analytic treatment. The patient's transference love and the therapist's complex countertransference reaction are analyzed not only as individual issues but as reflecting Israeli history and its present social and political reality. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Third‐wave public health? Compassion, community, and end‐of‐life care
Authors: Kellehear Allan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractClinical approaches to end‐of‐life care often extend their practise into community care, but frequently that practise has been under‐recognized and under‐theorized. A seamless practise connection with community approaches to end‐of‐life care is crucial to a total healthcare response to death and loss. One‐on‐one practises find their greatest therapeutic and aftercare support in a complementary community approach to that care. What public health models might we adapt to assist the psychological professions to support a community response to death and loss? This article reviews recent World Health Organization (WHO) work in community development, in particular the “Healthy Cities” projects. From this review, a “Compassionate Cities” framework is suggested as one fruitful way forward to address issues of prevention, health promotion, and aftercare in a holistic approach to end‐of‐life care. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The complexity of individuation
Authors: Semetsky Inna 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper addresses the problematics of individuation in Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy. The concept of fold – the inside of the outside – is analyzed in terms of the relations between thought and unthought constituting the process of thinking in affects. It is suggested that thinking of this sort, called by Deleuze the supreme act of philosophy, may be considered tending towards Jungian and post‐Jungian depth psychology. The unconscious of thought is described by the archetypal dynamics of forces acting in the space of the Outside, that this paper posits as the field of collective unconscious. Analogous to Deleuzian virtual tendencies, Jungian archetypes subsist in potentia only and, as a multiplicity of relations between forces, can be expressed through cartographic microanalysis. In accord with Deleuze's method of transcendental empiricism, the unconscious, immanent, microperceptions are reterritorialized by means of mapping the archetypal field. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.