bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incubation of Walleye eggs in Petri dishes
Authors: Voorhees Jill M. , Barnes Michael E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Eggs of Walleye Sander vitreus are typically incubated in upwelling jars. The relatively large number of eggs required for efficient and effective incubation in each jar, along with the difficulties in accurately quantifying egg survival to fry hatch, inhibits the replication needed for the controlled experimentation of Walleye spawning procedures and egg development. In addition, the use of production-sized incubators for experiments can be problematic because of the risks associated with potentially hazardous treatments on large numbers of eggs. This study evaluated the technique of incubating small numbers of Walleye eggs in Petri dishes.

Methods
Eight treatments were used: (1) 20 eggs/dish with daily water exchanges, (2) 40 eggs/dish with daily water exchanges, (3) 20 eggs/dish with every-other-day water exchanges, (4) 40 eggs/dish with every-other-day water exchanges, (5) 20 eggs/dish with every-third-day water exchanges, (6) 40 eggs/dish with every-third-day water exchanges, (7) 10 eggs/dish with no water exchanges, and (8) 20 eggs/dish with no water exchanges. At the eyed stage of egg development, water in all dishes was exchanged daily; at hatch, water was changed and hatched fry were removed twice daily.

Result
Mean (SE) survival to hatch was 74% (2) and was not significantly different among any of the treatments.

Conclusion
These results indicate that small numbers of Walleye eggs can be successfully incubated in Petri dishes without any water changes before the eyed stage of development, making this a viable technique for use in controlled experiments.
Hydro‐mechanically coupled CEL analyses with effective contact stresses
Authors: Staubach Patrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method implemented in Abaqus is an established tool for modelling large deformations in numerical geomechanics. As shown in previous work, it can be extended to a hydro‐mechanically coupled scheme by exploiting the similarity of the heat balance equation to the mass balance equation of fluids. However, the distinction between effective and total contact stresses has not been possible in this approach, which hinders its application to problems with interface friction as frictional stresses are calculated based on total normal contact stress. An approach to circumvent this problem is presented in this work. Its relevance is demonstrated by the simulation of vibratory pile driving model tests in water‐saturated sand. The implementation by means of user‐subroutines is available and works for any total‐stress analysis.
Development and characterizations of jarosite waste reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composites: A sustainable approach toward solid waste management
Authors: Pattnaik Shruti S. , Behera Diptiranjan , Mishra Priyanka P. , Sahoo Shakti S. , Singh Vishal K. , Manna Suvendu , Das Nigamananda , Behera Ajaya K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJarosite, an industrial waste, has the potential to be used as an alternative filler in biocomposites used as packaging material and can replace nondegradable thermoplastic. Such a novel approach of waste management strategy has not been studied till date. In this research work, different weight percentages of jarosite were mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to fabricate polymer composites with better physico‐chemical, thermal, tensile, and biodegradation properties. The data indicate that a low concentration of jarosite (3 wt.%) improved the tensile strength by 198.7% and the composite showed higher thermal stability by 6.3% than that of the neat PVA. X‐ray diffractogram and transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed a strong interaction between PVA and jarosite. Interestingly, the addition of jarosite reduced the water absorption capacity and thickness swelling of the PVA composite by 58% and 54.7%, respectively. Jarosite‐incorporated composites showed lesser degradation potential (64%) than the control composites (84%) after 60 days under soil burial conditions, indicating that PVA‐jarosite composites have a higher shelf‐life, which is needed for packaging materials. These composites can also be good alternant for thermoplastic used in preparation of cuboid, sealing, and decorative materials. Also, this would be a novel sustainable approach for managing/reducing jarosite waste.Highlights
Jarosite was reinforced with PVA to fabricate biocomposites.
The maximum tensile strength of the composite was achieved as 45.4 MPa.
The thermal stability of mechanically optimized composite is found at 320°C.
After 60 days under soil burial, the composite lost 64.8% of its original weight.
Developed composites can be good alternant for nondegradable thermoplastic.
Implementing a whole‐of‐service stepped care approach to personality disorder treatment: Impact of training and service redesign on clinician attitudes and skills
Authors: Grenyer Brin F. S. , Bailey Rachel C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPersonality disorders are a highly prevalent mental health condition. Historically, clinician attitudes have been negative, and only a small number have specialised training. This study evaluated clinician attitudes and confidence in working with people with personality disorder following the combination of training and implementation of a stepped care whole‐of‐service approach. A total of 102 multidisciplinary mental health clinicians were trained to implement the stepped care approach, and completed surveys prior to implementation and at 12 months follow up. Clinicians delivered manualised structured psychological therapy as part of the model. Measures assessed changes in attitudes and confidence, and impact of the service changes and therapy approach. Qualitative responses elucidated core themes. Evaluation at 12 months post training and service redesign showed improvements in clinician skills, confidence, theoretical knowledge and attitudes. Qualitative thematic analysis found core themes of improved understanding, clinical skills and improvements in the accessibility and timeliness of treatment. Implementing a whole‐of‐service model featuring stepped care therapies enhanced clinician attitudes, confidence, skills and knowledge in working with people with personality disorders. Clinicians identified that the whole‐of‐service model also improved accessibility to treatment, and quality of clinical care to the consumer and their carers.
A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of turmeric in the treatment of digestive disorders
Authors: Thavorn Kednapa , Wolfe Dianna , Faust Lena , Shorr Risa , Akkawi Maya , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Klinger Christopher , Chai‐Adisaksopa Chatree , Tanvejsilp Pimwara , Nochaiwong Surapon , Straus Sharon E. , Hutton Brian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTurmeric has been gaining popularity as a treatment option for digestive disorders, although a rigorous synthesis of efficacy has not been conducted. This study aimed to summarize the evidence for the efficacy and safety of turmeric in the treatment of digestive disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcers. Literature searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, AMED, the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, and Dissertation Abstracts from inception to November 15, 2021. Dual independent screening of citations and full texts was conducted and studies meeting inclusion criteria were retained: randomized controlled trials (RCT) and comparative observational studies evaluating turmeric use in people of any age with one of the digestive disorders of interest. Extraction of relevant data and risk of bias assessments were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta‐analysis was not conducted due to high heterogeneity. From 1136 citations screened, 26 eligible studies were retained. Most studies were assessed to have a high risk of bias, and many had methodological limitations. Descriptive summaries suggest that turmeric is safe, with possible efficacy in patients with IBD or IBS, but its effects were inconsistent for other conditions. The efficacy of turmeric in digestive disorders remains unclear due to the high risk of bias and methodological limitations of the included studies. Future studies should be designed to include larger sample sizes, use rigorous statistical methods, employ core outcome sets, and adhere to reporting guidance for RCTs of herbal interventions to facilitate more meaningful comparisons and robust conclusions.
Dynamical Gaussian, lognormal, and reverse lognormal maximum‐likelihood ensemble filter
Authors: Van Loon Senne , Fletcher Steven J. , Zupanski Milija 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a non‐Gaussian ensemble data assimilation method based on the maximum‐likelihood ensemble filter, which allows for any combination of Gaussian, lognormal, and reverse lognormal errors in both the background and the observations. The technique is fully nonlinear, does not require a tangent linear model, and uses a Hessian preconditioner to minimise the cost function efficiently in ensemble space. When the Gaussian assumption is relaxed, the results show significant improvements in the analysis skill within two atmospheric toy models, and the performance of data assimilation systems for (semi)bounded variables is expected to improve.
Proposal and confirmation of N‐(2‐carboxyethyl)proline as a human endogenous metabolite
Authors: Zhang Qibo , Adam Klaus‐Peter 
Published: March 2024

RationaleMalondialdehyde, one of the peroxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been widely reported as an oxidative stress biomarker in many diseases. However, malondialdehyde is inherently unstable in biological matrices, which renders its measurement unreliable with all the reported analytical methods. To find an alternative oxidative stress biomarker, we envisioned that N‐(2‐carboxyethyl)proline, a modified conjugate of malondialdehyde and proline, could be a stable candidate for this purpose.MethodsThe proposed compound was chemically synthesized, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods were developed and used to search for the compound in human biological samples.ResultsAn endogenous metabolite in human feces and urine samples was found to match the synthetic N‐(2‐carboxyethyl)proline by chromatographic retention and the fragmentation pattern of its molecular ion.ConclusionThe results confirmed that N‐(2‐carboxyethyl)proline was a new metabolite in human feces and urine samples. In addition, our results demonstrated a case of successful identification of true unknown metabolite by knowledge‐based hypothesis of possible metabolites followed by experimental confirmation with a synthetic standard.
Rostral and body shape analyses reveal cryptic diversity of Late Jurassic batomorphs (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from Europe
Authors: Türtscher Julia , Jambura Patrick L. , Villalobos‐Segura Eduardo , López‐Romero Faviel A. , Underwood Charlie J. , Thies Detlev , Lauer Bruce , Lauer René , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe fossil record of chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks, rays and skates) consists largely of isolated teeth, with holomorphic specimens being extraordinary exceptions. However, numerous of these more or less completely preserved specimens are known from several Upper Jurassic deposits of Europe, enabling detailed analysis of their morphology. Batomorphs (rays and skates) resembling modern guitarfishes and wedgefishes (Rhinopristiformes) are among the most common Jurassic chondrichthyans found, but they have been only sporadically studied up to now, resulting in large knowledge gaps concerning their taxonomy and phylogeny. Here, we present the most detailed revision of Late Jurassic holomorphic batomorphs to date, quantitatively analysing body proportions of specimens from Germany (Solnhofen Archipelago), France (Cerin) and the UK (Kimmeridge), using both geometric and traditional morphometrics. Furthermore, we identify qualitative morphological characters for species discrimination, to clarify the taxonomic identity and diversity of Late Jurassic batomorphs based on holomorphic specimens. Our results support the validity of Belemnobatis sismondae, Kimmerobatis etchesi and Spathobatis bugesiacus, as well as that of the previously doubtful Asterodermus platypterus. Moreover, we describe Aellopobatis bavarica, a new taxon, which has hitherto been considered to be a large‐sized morphotype of Spathobatis bugesiacus. Our results highlight that the diversity of holomorphic batomorphs during the Late Jurassic was greater than previously thought, and suggest that this group was already well‐established and diverse by this time. This study thus provides vital information about the evolutionary history of Late Jurassic batomorphs and has direct implications for batomorph species that are based on isolated teeth only.
Large durophagous fish from the Spathian (late Early Triassic) of Romania hints at earlier onset of the Triassic actinopterygian revolution
Authors: Cavin Lionel , Argyriou Thodoris , Romano Carlo , Grădinaru Eugen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFossil evidence suggests that ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii) diversified greatly after the largest mass extinction event at the Permian–Triassic boundary. This radiation resulted in a diversity peak in the Middle Triassic, which is manifested in diverse feeding specializations, especially among small‐bodied Neopterygii. We present new material from an early Spathian (Early Triassic) outcrop in northern Dobrogea, southeast Romania. The material includes isolated jaw and palatal bones that evidently belong to a single individual, a durophagous actinopterygian, and isolated scales referred to the same taxon. A systematic evaluation of this material indicates affinities with †Polzbergiidae, and provides a first glimpse of internal aspects of the feeding apparatus of that group. A pair of ectopterygoids with crushing dentition show a well‐developed lateral process, a feature that was previously proposed to be a synapomorphy uniting Cladistia (bichirs) with the Triassic †Scanilepiformes. The recognition of this structure in various Triassic ray‐fins (summarized herein) indicates that it was probably widespread among stem neopterygians. The new material belongs to a large individual with a heterodont dentition, therefore representing the earliest large, specialized, durophagous neopterygian. It increases the group's morphological diversity in the Spathian, and hints at an earlier trophic diversification after the mass extinction. Based on new data, we analyse changes in body size of bony fishes through the Early and Middle Triassic. Current evidence suggests that body size distribution remained skewed towards larger sizes in the late Early Triassic, and that the diversification of small‐bodied stem neopterygians had not yet been in full swing.
Uncertainty in the dynamic properties of tall buildings and propagation to the wind‐induced response
Authors: Picozzi Vincenzo , Maietta Venere , Avossa Alberto Maria , Ricciardelli Francesco 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe response of tall buildings to wind actions is commonly assessed through the quasi‐static approach considering mean, background, and resonant components of the action. The latter accounts for the amplification due to resonance and depends on the dynamic properties of the buildings, that is, modal mass, frequency, and damping ratio. Selecting appropriate values of the modal parameters of tall buildings is not immediate and is usually done using predictive models. These contain uncertainty, which eventually propagates to the dynamic response. The main aim of the paper is the assessment of uncertainty in the dynamic response of flexible buildings to wind action arising from a not perfect knowledge of their dynamic properties. The paper explicitly refers to the dynamic models given by Eurocode 1, but the approach is general, and the analyses can be repeated selecting any other model. It is found that the bias in the dynamic factor is always less than one, with values on average between 0.86 and 0.98. This indicates that the approach of Eurocode 1 is conservative. The only exception is that of the acrosswind response of steel buildings with an high aspect ratio, in which case the bias can be as large as 1.16. As to randomness, the coefficient of variation of the alongwind dynamic factor is very seldom found to exceed 10%, with average values around 5%. Such values are much lower than those of the coefficient of variation of damping, which is in the order of 50% or more. This indicates that uncertainty attenuates when it propagates to the response. On the other hand, the coefficient of variation of the acrosswind and torsional dynamic factors reaches values of 20% or more, indicating that such attenuation is much lower in that case.
Diagnosis and management of trichobezoars in a sheep
Authors: Garcia‐Arevalo Jorge Leonardo , Bedoya‐Rios Miguel Angel , Albarracin‐Navas Javier Hernando , Moreno‐Jerez Edgar Ricardo , Cala‐Delgado Daniel Leonardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the diagnosis, surgical treatment and resolution of trichobezoars in a Santander Creole sheep from Santander, Colombia. A 2‐month‐old female sheep was presented with bilateral abdominal distention, pain upon abdominal palpation indicating the presence of a spherical and malleable foreign body, absence of ruminal movements, soft and mucoid faeces and the presence of two radiopaque structures indicative of foreign bodies within the rumen. The ultrasound confirmed a marked acoustic shadow at the level of the right middle mesogastric quadrant. To resolve the condition, a rumenotomy was performed: the foreign bodies were extracted and the structure and diagnosis of trichobezoars were confirmed. The recommendation was to improve the nutritional needs of the herd to avoid these digestive disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a diagnosis and surgical treatment of trichobezoars in a Creole sheep from the Department of Santander, Colombia.
Neutron imaging of exchange flow between biopore and matrix for Bt versus C horizons
Authors: Barbosa Luis Alfredo Pires , Lima Fernando Vieira , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe surface coating of biopores plays a pivotal role in mediating mass exchange between the biopore and the soil matrix, ultimately governing preferential flow in structured soils. However, quantitative experiments of the flow exchange dynamics in the soil around an earthworm burrow (drilosphere) are limited. Here, we developed an experimental setup to mimic preferential flow within a biopore while monitoring the water distribution by neutron radiography. The objective was to quantify the evolving water content distribution in the biopore with surrounding drilosphere samples from Bt and C horizons. We hypothesize that the distribution of clay and organic material across biopore surfaces in Bt and C horizons impacts the biopore coating material formation (i.e., composition and thickness), thereby influencing its role in controlling mass exchange during preferential flow events. The experimental setup was proposed for in situ quantification of the preferential flow dynamics in an earthworm burrow (biopore) passing through Bt and C horizons of a Luvisol developed on glacial till. The neutron radiographies were obtained at the NEUtron Transmission Radiography facility of the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villingen. The volumetric water content was quantified by calibrating gray scale values from radiography images with defined water contents using stepped aluminum cuvettes attached to the samples; image analysis was used to determine sorptivity at the biopore–soil matrix interface. The water exchange flow was found to be smaller for coated biopore surface in the more clayey Bt horizon, as compared to the coarser textured carbonaceous subsoil C horizon, where higher sorptivity intensified mass exchange. The method most realistically captured the dynamics of the vertical preferential flow process in a biopore, including lateral exchange flow, by determining the water sorptivity of the drilosphere. In contrast to mini‐infiltrometer data, biopore–matrix exchange flow was here more restricted for Bt in contrast to carbonaceous C horizon. Since both horizons showed the presence of coating material on their burrow walls, the results suggest further analysis of their contrasting properties and structures.
Apparate: Einleitung
Authors: Richter Tilman , Lorenz Caspar-Fridolin 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Heft ist dem Apparat gewidmet, wobei seine Begriffsgeschichte ebenso wie ein Panorama verschiedener Einzelfälle zur Diskussion stehen: etwa eine in Uganda operierende NGO, ein niederländischer Verein zur Seenotrettung oder die britische Gefängnisverwaltung, welche die staatliche Zwangsernährung von Frauen entwickelte. Der Apparat ist für unsere Zwecke als Regierungsmaschine weit gefasst worden. Besprochen werden Konzerne, Bürokratien, Organisationen, große und kleine Verwaltungen und totale Institutionen, unbedingt aber auch autopoietische Normen und Dispositive.
»Auch solle niemand nichts unterschreiben, so er nicht zuvor ganz gelesen hat«. Zur Formalisierung des Zögerns der Verwaltung
Authors: Richter Tilman 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von Stefan Nellens Diskussion der Rechtsethnologie Bruno Latours reflektiert der Beitrag das Zögern als grundsätzlichen Verfahrensmodus der Bürokratie. Das Zögern, das so elementar zum administrativen Handeln gehört, hat allerdings selbst mediale Grundlagen. Der Essay schlägt vor, das Schriftformerfordernis und die dazugehörigen Anforderungen des bürokratischen Schreibakts, und hier besonders die Unterschrift, als Mittel zur Herstellung von Verantwortlichkeit und damit auch des Zögerns zu verstehen.
Fälle digitaler Rechtsfindung
Authors: Klaut Manuela 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungWährend die aktuelle Forschung zu digitalen Kulturen von einer eigensinnigen, kaum vorhersehbaren Diffusion spricht, die dem Prozess der Digitalisierung zugrunde liegt, fordert das Recht die Digitalisierung durch unzählige Formalismen heraus. Das Recht ist jedoch kein autonomes, intelligentes System – es existiert in Einzelfällen, die es vielmehr ständig diffundieren lassen. In digitalen Systemen müssen diese Einzelfälle erst kategorisiert, priorisiert und an den Rechtsprozess angepasst werden, um als virtueller Aktenschrank zu funktionieren. Kein digitalisierter Rechtsprozess ist verstreut, unentschieden oder unbegrenzt, sondern ersetzt einen automatisierten Fallvergleich in Gang, der auch über den Ausgang des Falles entscheidet. Die neue Herausforderung an digitale Rechtsverfahren heißt „Legal Tech“ und soll eine standardisierte, automatisierte und effiziente Lösung für Verwaltungsverfahren schaffen. Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich weniger mit den konkreten technischen Verfahren der Digitalisierung juristischer Prozesse als vielmehr mit dem interpretativen Erbe, das bereits im Prozess der Rechtsfindung in der Subsumtion unter den Sachverhalt auf dem Spiel steht und das bei der Übersetzung in eine digitale Logik, in ein präsumtives Anwendungsszenario, apparative und institutionelle Hürden überwinden muss: die technische Umsetzung semantischer Prozesse und die Kodierung des Rechts.