bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of novel infrared–ohmic thawing method on the thawing rate and minced turkey breast quality
Authors: Safari Shabnam , Zandi Mohsen , Ganjloo Ali 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe study evaluated the effect of the ohmic thawing method with IR pre‐treatment (unilateral and bilateral) on ground turkey breast that was frozen using various freezing methods, including snap freezing, freezing at −70 °C and −20 °C. The results revealed that the thawing time in ohmic thawing with unilateral and bilateral IR pre‐treatment (in the snap freezing method) was 69.23% and 50.14% shorter compared to the ohmic thawing method without pre‐treatment, respectively. Additionally, the snap freezing method exhibited a significantly higher thawing rate compared to the other freezing methods. Implementing IR pre‐treatment, particularly bilaterally, along with snap freezing, resulted in a reduction of all losses ranging from 20% to 70%. The results of Raman spectroscopy showed that the ohmic thawing method with bilateral IR pre‐treatment resulted in better preservation of protein secondary structure, protein solubility and reduced oxidation of frozen turkey meat. Although the pH changes were not affected by the thawing method, the pH value decreased as the freezing speed reduced. The preservation of meat colour quality was enhanced by increasing the freezing speed and implementing IR pre‐treatment. The results indicate that using IR pre‐treatment can enhance the positive effects of ohmic thawing. Also, the IR type applied showed better results obtained in bilateral mode (P > 0.05).
A nano photocatalyst rGO/TiO2 modified by sol–gel‐irradiation and its degradation of deoxynivalenol in liquid products
Authors: Yan Ruyu , Lin Guitian , Wu Qianhui , Su Shufen , Song Xianliang , Luo Shucan , Ye Shengying , Situ Wenbei 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesised using the sol–gel‐irradiation way to efficiently remove deoxynivalenol (DON) for the grains product's safety and quality. With the nanosize effect of irradiation, the photocatalyst has a smaller average grain size, preventing the recombination of electrons and holes. Moreover, based on UV–Vis DRS study, rGO/TiO2 could utilise visible light and have a broader response range to light. Furthermore, to the application, the photocatalyst rGO/TiO2 with 30 KGy irradiation dosage had an 80.32 ± 4.41% photocatalytic degradation rate of DON. Compared to the photocatalyst without irradiation, there was a 9.98% increase in the degradation rate. This result provided an excellent candidate photocatalyst for the removal of DON and also promoted the development of photocatalysis applications.
Protein oxidation‐induced changes in the physicochemical properties and quality of plant food
Authors: Wu Jiayang , Ji Yanli , Xue Jie , Gao Yaran , Sun Shuyuan , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2024

SummaryProtein oxidation is widely present in food systems and is susceptible to internal factors involving lipids and enzymes as well as external factors such as temperature and oxygen promoters. Protein oxidation leads to modification of the peptide skeletons and amino acid side chains, which in turn alters the structural characteristics of proteins, including protein cleavage, aggregation and derivative formation, and severely affects their physicochemical properties and bioavailability, thereby reducing the edible and storage qualities of foods. This review summarises the main factors that cause and regulate oxidation of plant protein, the effects of protein oxidation on food quality and strategies to ameliorate protein over‐oxidation, aiming to provide meaningful information for the development of high‐quality plant protein products.
“It's an ongoing discussion about desire”: Adults' strategies for managing sexual and affectionate desire discrepancies in romantic relationships
Authors: Clark Alyssa N. , Walters Tracy L. , Lefkowitz Eva S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDesire discrepancies are a common source of relationship conflict and one reason adults may seek couples counseling. Within romantic relationships, adults individually experience sexual and affectionate desire, but also experience desire relative to their partner. If desire discrepancies exist, partners may attempt to resolve these discrepancies. Thus, we examined adults' strategies for managing sexual and affectionate desire discrepancies. Our sample consisted of 300 adults (45% women; Mage = 29.5; 86.3% LGBTQ+) who were in a romantic relationship and reported a desire discrepancy. Thematic analysis revealed five strategies for managing desire discrepancies: alternative behaviors, communication, doing nothing, engaging in behaviors anyway, and giving control to a specific partner. Adults reported similar strategies for resolving sexual and affectionate desire discrepancies. Perceived effectiveness and strategies varied by whether adults thought that their discrepancies were problematic. Our findings hold implications for clinicians approaching problematic desire discrepancies, and suggest strategies that may promote effective resolutions.
Reframing prediabetes: A call for better risk stratification and intervention
Authors: Kim Sun H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrediabetes is an intermediate state of glucose homeostasis whereby plasma glucose concentrations are above normal but below the threshold of diagnosis for diabetes. Over the last several decades, criteria for prediabetes have changed as the cut points for normal glucose concentration and diagnosis of diabetes have shifted. Global consensus does not exist for prediabetes criteria; as a result, the clinical course and risk for type 2 diabetes vary. At present, we can identify individuals with prediabetes based on three glycemic tests (hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and 2‐h plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test). The majority of individuals diagnosed with prediabetes meet only one of these criteria. Meeting one, two, or all glycemic criteria changes risk for type 2 diabetes, but this information is not widely known and does not currently guide intervention strategies for individuals with prediabetes. This review summarizes current epidemiology, prognosis, and intervention strategies for individuals diagnosed with prediabetes and suggests a call for more precise risk stratification of individuals with prediabetes as elevated (one prediabetes criterion), high risk (two prediabetes criteria), and very high risk (three prediabetes criteria). In addition, the roles of oral glucose tolerance testing and continuous glucose monitoring in the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes need reassessment. Finally, we must reframe our goals for prediabetes and prioritize intensive interventions for those at high and very high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Finding your Sea Legs: Exploring Newcomer Embodied Learning in an Extreme Context
Authors: Bharatan Ila , Oborn Eivor , Swan Jacky 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmbodied learning involves developing not only socio‐technical know‐how but also the bodily capacity to execute practices competently. In extreme contexts, newcomers encounter threatening experiences that may incapacitate their ability to participate. How newcomers develop the bodily capacity to participate in such situations is a research area that requires further attention. Using ethnographic data from a study of novices working in the risky context of seafaring, we show that newcomers encounter threat experiences (imagined, immediate, and attenuated) that trigger them to engage in three types of body work: priming, battling, and enduring, from which they develop the capacity to participate. Our analysis suggests a model of newcomer embodied learning in practices in an extreme context and contributes to embodied learning literature by showing: (1) body work directed at capacity to participate, (2) the mutually constitutive relationship between body work and threat experiences, and (3) the temporal complexity of embodied learning anchored in the body work and threat experiences.
Daily associations between global self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity and their relationships with subjective well‐being in a sample of adult workers
Authors: Filosa Lorenzo , Sommovigo Valentina , Tavolucci Simone , Rosa Valentina , Alivernini Fabio , Baiocco Roberto , Borghi Anna , Chirico Andrea , Fini Chiara , Palombi Tommaso , Pistella Jessica , Lucidi Fabio , Alessandri Guido 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present pre‐registered study examined the reciprocal day‐to‐day associations between global self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity and their incremental validity with respect to daily life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect.MethodsWe used intensive longitudinal data from 153 adult workers (45.1% women), over a period of 31 days. Data were analyzed using dynamic structural equation modeling.ResultsResults attested higher global self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity mean levels for older vs. younger participants, and lower global self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity variability for older vs. younger participants. Furthermore, global self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity were correlated at a cross‐sectional daily level, yet only self‐concept clarity states positively predicted subsequent global self‐esteem states, while global self‐esteem states did not predict subsequent self‐concept clarity states. Daily global self‐esteem and daily self‐concept clarity further predicted subsequent daily higher life satisfaction and positive affect, respectively.ConclusionOverall, our findings shed light on the short‐term relationships linking global self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity, pointing to their discriminant validity in predicting individuals' subjective well‐being.
Which patients should be considered for gene therapy
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGene therapy for haemophilia, utilizing adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAVs) and coagulation factor genes, have demonstrated promising results, leading to recent approvals and introduction of the first gene therapy products into clinical practice. For successful and safe use, there are predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the treatment process and associated risks should be thoroughly understood and long‐term safety and efficacy carefully evaluated during follow up. As gene therapy becomes more accessible outside of clinical study centers, continuous evaluation of patient eligibility for subsequent AAV‐based treatments becomes essential. Thorough evaluation of factors such as liver condition, anti‐AAV status, and medical history ensures that gene therapy maximizing benefits while minimizing risks. Apart from fulfilling the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, the success of gene therapy is greatly influenced by the motivation and willingness of patients to accept temporary constraints, such as regular laboratory monitoring, potential use of immunosuppressants, and thorough documentation. Furthermore, various patient‐related factors play a significant role in the management and outcomes of gene therapy, making a comprehensive evaluation essential. With the accumulation of more data, there is potential for the expansion of certain inclusion criteria, which may allow for a larger number of eligible patients to benefit from gene therapy. Empowering patients through shared decision‐making enables them to thoroughly consider the therapy's potential benefits and risks.
Hepatitis after gene therapy, what are the possible causes?
Authors: Maina Ann , Foster Graham R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHepatitis is a common adverse event following gene therapy for haemophilia, often associated with a loss of transgene expression. Investigating the potential causes and implications of this is crucial for the overall success of treatment. Gene therapy trials using adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors have demonstrated promising results marked by increases in factor FVIII and FIX levels and reductions in episodes of bleeding. However, hepatocellular injury characterised by elevations in alanine aminotransferases (ALT) has been noted. This liver injury is typically transient and asymptomatic, posing challenges in determining its clinical significance. Proposed causes encompass immune‐mediated responses, notably T cell cytotoxicity in response to the AAV vector, direct liver injury from the viral capsid or transcribed protein via the unfolded protein response and pre‐existing liver conditions. Liver biopsy data conducted years post‐gene therapy infusion has shown sinusoidal infiltration without significant inflammation. The overall safety profile of gene therapy remains favourable with no evidence drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) based on Hy's Law criteria. Essential pre‐therapy monitoring and identifying patients at high risk of liver injury should involve liver function tests and non‐invasive fibroscans, while novel blood‐based biomarkers are under exploration. Further research is required to comprehend the mechanisms underlying transaminitis, loss of transgene expression and long‐term effects on the liver, providing insights for optimising gene therapy for haemophilia.
Livestreaming clinical experience to remotely located learners: A critical narrative review
Authors: Gomez Kelvin , Edwards Helen L. , Kirby Jane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContextMedical education relies on real patient learning (RPL) to provide medical students with essential clinical experience. However, growing demand for clinical placements continues to be a challenge in providing sufficient RPL opportunities. The COVID‐19 pandemic forced academic institutions to rethink the delivery of traditional clinical training and innovations in online clinical learning experiences, specifically livestreamed clinical experiences, have emerged which show promise in addressing the capacity limitations of traditional placements. Although previous reviews have explored the use of livestreamed clinical experiences during the pandemic, there is a lack of rigorous theoretical framing to support these innovations.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is two‐fold: to examine the effectiveness of livestreamed clinical experiences through an experience‐based learning (ExBL) theory perspective and to provide practical recommendations to optimise and implement these innovations.MethodsA review of literature was conducted to identify journal articles published between September 2019 and January 2023 reporting on innovations relating to livestreamed clinical experiences. The search focused on undergraduate and postgraduate medical education but relevant evidence from other healthcare professions were also included due to a limited evidence base. Strengths and weaknesses were derived from the literature and analysed in relation to ExBL components.ResultsPrincipal strengths of livestreamed clinical experiences included expanded access to RPL opportunities and medical specialties, enhanced standardisation of learning experiences and positive perceptions from students regarding convenience. Clinical educators found these innovations enabled teaching at scale. Patients did not perceive such innovations to negatively impact their standard of care. Limitations included the inability to practice physical examination skills, challenges in ensuring learner engagement and connectivity issues.ConclusionLivestreamed clinical experiences have the potential to effectively expand placement capacity and provide high‐quality educational experiences for medical students. Although certain limitations exist, technological and pedagogical adaptations can help overcome these challenges. The application of theoretical frameworks to future online innovations will be fundamental to ensure effective clinical learning.
Systematic review on efficacy and safety of empirical versus pre‐emptive antifungal therapy among children with febrile neutropenia reveals paucity of data
Authors: Sachdeva Meenakshi , Malik Meenakshi , Pradhan Pranita , Kaur Kulbir , Dogra Sarita , Mathew Joseph L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTwo approaches are used to manage invasive fungal disease (IFD) in febrile neutropenic patients viz. empirical therapy (without attempting to confirm the diagnosis), or pre‐emptive therapy (after screening tests for IFD).ObjectiveThis systematic review was undertaken to compare these approaches in children.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Clinical Trial Registries and grey literature, for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing empirical versus pre‐emptive antifungal therapy in children with FN suspected to have IFD. We used the Cochrane Risk of bias 2 tool for quality assessment, and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.ResultsWe identified 7989 citations. Stepwise screening identified only one relevant RCT that administered empirical (n = 73) or pre‐emptive (n = 76) antifungal therapy. There were no significant differences in all‐cause mortality (RR 1.56, 95% CI: 0.46, 5.31), IFD mortality (RR 1.04, 95% CI:0.15, 7.20) and other clinically important outcomes such as duration of fever, duration of hospitalization and proportion requiring ICU admission. There were no safety data reported. The number of days of antifungal therapy was significantly lower in the pre‐emptive therapy arm. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was ‘moderate’.ConclusionsThis systematic review highlighted the paucity of data, comparing empirical versus pre‐emptive antifungal therapy in children with febrile neutropenia having suspected invasive fungal disease. Data from a single included trial suggests that both approaches may be comparable in research settings. Robust trials are warranted to address the gap in existing knowledge about the optimal approach in clinical practice.
Lenalidomide‐induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report
Authors: Ayoub Marc , Ballout Ahmad , Burshtein Joshua , Burshtein Aaron , Lin Amanda , LeDoux David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of cerebrovascular dysregulation. To our knowledge, we present the first case of lenalidomide‐induced PRES in English. A 59‐year‐old woman with history of multiple myeloma status post stem cell transplant and induction triple therapy 6 months ago with partial remission and subsequent high‐dose melphalan 1 month ago presented with progressive vision loss for 1 week. Her systolic blood pressure was >180 mmHg, and neurological examination demonstrated decreased vision bilaterally. Brain MRI revealed significant T2 hyperintensity restricted to temporal and occipital lobes and left occipital parenchymal hemorrhage and diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. She had a witnessed generalized tonic–clonic seizure and EEG that captured an electrographic seizure originating from the occipital lobe. Her vision improved rapidly after discontinuing the lenalidomide. She was discharged to rehab with a normal neurological examination. We report the first English case of presumed lenalidomide induced PRES in a patient undergoing multiple myeloma treatment.
Ecological predictors of cultural competence among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Lee Ja‐yin , Park Jiyoung , Lau Siew Tiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractActive migration and globalization have led to increased opportunities for critical care nurses to care for patients from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This study thus aimed to identify the individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors affecting cultural competence levels among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses based on an ecological model. This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study that included 135 NICU nurses in South Korea. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the proposed ecological model, and a regression model for each of the four subdomains of cultural competence was constructed and compared. NICU nurses' cultural competencies were influenced not only by the “necessity of multicultural education” and “ethnocultural empathy” at the individual level but by the “hospital's readiness and support for cultural competencies” at the organizational level. To promote the cultural competence of nurses in critical care settings, environmental and organizational support should be improved, along with developing strategies that focus on nurses' individual characteristics. It is also necessary to investigate the “intersectionality” of the effects of individual and environmental factors on cultural competence.
Implications of cannabis legalization for the US federal budget
Authors: Brill Alex , Miller Brian J. , Veuger Stan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFederal legislation to legalize, regulate, and tax cannabis could have significant impacts on the federal budget. While the specific details of any potential cannabis legalization legislation are unknown at present, such reforms are likely to affect both tax receipts and federal outlays through a wide range of mechanisms including excise tax collections, changes in the size and composition of the labor force, and the major federal health care programs. We identify the main federal budgetary implications of legalizing cannabis and estimate their likely magnitude where possible.
Africa and the prospects of rotational democracy
Authors: Ibanga Diana‐Abasi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSharing of social, economic, and political opportunities is crucial for the stability of many African states. Democracy has been identified as an inclusive framework that allows individuals to freely contest for these opportunities. However, in Africa, democracy appears not to work as compared to Western democratic societies. Some African political philosophers blame the problem on liberal democratic type practiced in the continent, which is modeled after the hegemonic socio‐political discourse in Europe and North America. Thus, it is argued that workable democratic model for Africa must be embedded in the continent's cultural and historical nuances. Consequently, initial effort by the Ghanaian philosopher Kwasi Wiredu appealed to the nonpartisan Consensus Democracy of traditional Akan society. But it is doubtful that the consensual model, which was successful in the mono‐ethnic traditional Akan society, will produce the same effect in a multi‐ethnic society as the modern African states. At present, ethnicity inter alia remains a major obstruction to democratization of the continent. Africa needs a democratic model that takes its rigid multi‐ethnic character into account instead of uncritically imposing global democratic knowledge to African situations or totally disregarding local knowledge of democracy. Therefore, I investigate how ethnicity inter alia can be accommodated in democratic practice. An experimental model called “Rotational Democracy” is introduced based on the traditional African social practice of One Cup, which embodies the phenomena of power rotation and rationing of the traditional society. The article demonstrates how indigenous knowledge can be the starting point for democratic practice in Africa.