bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Fuller Robert C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter explores the leverage that the body exerts on humanity's propensity toward religion. Recent research in the emotions, neurobiology, sexuality, pain, and the chemical components of thought or feeling all shed light on the varieties of human spirituality. Studying religion “in the flesh” furnishes a new set of critical terms that bring a fully interdisciplinary perspective to bear on understanding the most elusive forms of embodied experience.
The Significance of the Temple
Authors: Hudson D. Dennis 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The chapter begins with a description of the temple, a three‐story vimana facing west. It was built by Nandivarman Pallavamalla to record and further his own spiritual progress and to establish Krishna's dominance in Kanchipuram. The influence of Jain doctrine on the Pallava Dynasty and court before, during, and after Nandivarman is explored, as are the roots of the Bhagavata creative florescence of the time. The subsequent history of the dynasty, the influence of the Vaikuntha Perumal Temple's structure as a complex vision of the body of God transmitted by Bhagavata Dharma through the teachings of the acharyas, and the meaning of the name of the temple complete the chapter.
The Southern Panels of the Southern Path
Authors: Hudson D. Dennis 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Six panels: the first three represent the Unobstructed's potency (shakti), the second three the Unobstructed's brilliant conquering power (tejas). First, Indra, disguised as an “imposter” (pakhanda) successfully interrupts the first emperor, King Prithu's horse sacrifice, preventing him from becoming more powerful than Indra. In the next panel Krishna defeats Naraka and rescues 16,000 royal virgins, whom he marries. Next, Hari as Madhusudana kills the asuras Madhu and Kaitabha, as narrated in the Jayakhya‐samhitaand the Bhagavad‐gita. In the next three panels Krishan slays: Mali, Sumali, and Malyavan on the Milk Ocean shore; Shishupala at Yudhishthira's rajasuya; Shalva and Dantavaktra. Each demonstrates the removal of impurities in the emperor‐sadhaka's consciousness. Thus, as an “Indra of People” (Narendra), Nandivarman ruled as a true emperor (Parameshvara) because he ruled as a “slave of Krishna” (Bhagavata) in a line of sadhakas that descended from the first emperor, Prithu.
Introduction
Authors: Hudson D. Dennis 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The designers of the temple mapped the cosmos by means of thirty panels in the bottom floor of the vimana, in a sequence that begins immediately north of the porch's western doorway and proceeds clockwise. The viewer is led from God's gross body to His subtle body. Jambhu, with Meru at its center, is the central one of seven concentric continents separated by different liquids; the outermost is Pushkara, surrounded by the mountainous Lokaloka. Lokaloka is the “all‐encompasing placenta” within which Brahma wakes and sleeps. Dhruva is the apex of the universe. Bharata is one of nine regions of Jambhu, and is the only realm of intentional action, and therefore the only one with the the Chatur Yuga structure of chronology. Panels on the vimana show the forms Vasudeva takes in each region. The panels also represent day‐and‐night, months, and the ages.
The Panels on the Ardhamandapa or Porch
Authors: Hudson D. Dennis 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The first panel evokes a set of stories about Daksha and his relations with Rudra Shiva, and the self‐immolation of Sati. The next panel continues the story of Daksha's daughter Aditi's son Vamana, called Upendra, and involves the insight that everything belongs to Vasudeva, and that “being true” involves the opposite in the Kali Yuga. The third panel concerns the cursing of Jaya and Vijaya by the four Kumaras. In the fourth panel, Bhadrashravas worships Hayagriva in the region of Bhadrashva; it implies the story of Matsya the Fish. The story of Hayagriva is connected to Esoteric Buddhism. The last two panels on the porch represent the stories of Rishabha and his son Bharata, and shed light on the development of the Bhagavata religion.
The Vimana Panels on the Eastern Side
Authors: Hudson D. Dennis 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
These panels illustrate the virya action and the aishvarya sovereignty of Pradyumna, Vasudeva's second and Pre‐eminently Mighty formation. One corner depicts Brahma worshiped on Pushkara and his four Kumara sons. The other corner shows Shiva as Bhava on Kailasa (in the Ilavrita region) venerating Pradyumna; the story includes the descent of Ganga. In the first bracketed panel the Bhagavan honors the pole star Dhruva, representing the three realms below it. The next panel tells of Brahma creating populations for these worlds, and shows him fleeing to Brahma for protection from his asura progeny. Next, Hanuman worships Rama in the Kimpurusha region of Jambu; the stories of Rama's final three acts are evoked: Rama separates from Sita, Rama banishes Lakshmana, and Rama takes the inhabitants of Kosala to heaven. The final panel shows Kamadeva in the Ketumala region of Jambu playing “Krishna holding up Govardhana.” Poems by Antal are discused.
Fusion for Profit
Authors: Jagpal Sharan , Jagpal Shireen 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This book shows how to fuse marketing, finance, and other disciplines to improve performance for the corporation or organization. Specifically, it shows decision makers at different levels in the organization and in different functional areas (e.g., marketing, finance, new product development, and human resources management) how to overcome the problems resulting from function- and discipline-based “silos.” The book has several novel features. All concepts are presented in a simple and easily accessible question-and-answer format. The book provides an in-depth analysis of a broad spectrum of important managerial topics (e.g., how to allocate advertising funds between Internet and conventional advertising, how to evaluate brand equity for mergers and acquisitions, and how to coordinate product design, marketing strategy, and production). In addition, because of its fusion-based methodology, the book provides decision makers with new tools to address familiar managerial problems (e.g., resource allocation and the design of managerial contracts in multiproduct or multidivisional firms). Throughout the book, the focus is on providing managers with actionable theories and metrics that are rigorous yet practical, and that allow the firm or organization to fuse — not merely interface — different functional areas.
Should the Firm Pursue Market Share?
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter examines the conditions under which firms should pursue market share as a goal. Specifically, it focuses on the factors that determine revenue- and volume-based market share, including cost dynamics, demand dynamics, competitive reaction, cost and technological uncertainty, process innovations, and demand uncertainty. In particular, it shows how the firm can use this information to coordinate its marketing, finance, and production decisions.
Should the Multiproduct Firm Use the Market Share Metric?
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter examines the conditions under which the multiproduct firm should use market share as a metric for resource allocation. It distinguishes short- and long-run effects, analyze the effects of competition, and show how the discount rate affects the firm's revenue- and volume-based market shares. In particular, it shows how the firm can use marketing-finance fusion to choose the optimal performance metrics for managers so that they focus on maximizing long-run performance.
Bundling
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter shows how the firm can use marketing-finance fusion to choose bundling strategies to increase its performance. Topics covered include: how to price interdependent products, how and when to use cross-couponing strategies, how to allow for production capacity constraints, and how to reward managers of multidivisional firms when cross-couponing strategies are used. It analyzes why many bundling strategies fail in the marketplace; in addition, it proposes new metrics for measuring consumers' willingness to pay for products and bundles.
Measuring Advertising Productivity
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter begins by evaluating methods for determining how productive the firm's aggregate advertising spending is in both the short and long runs. Following this, it analyzes methods for determining the productivities of different media when the firm uses multiple media (including digital advertising); in particular, it focuses on the effects of measurement error. It shows how marketing-finance fusion allows privately and publicly held firms to allocate their advertising budgets between upfront and scatter advertising, based on their respective risk attitudes. Finally, it analyzes how recent changes in Internet marketing (e.g., the growth of electronic exchanges and the emergence of conquest advertising) are likely to affect the structure of the advertising industry.
How Should the Firm Compensate Managers to Maximize Performance?
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter shows how the firm should determine compensation for its managers. It distinguishes between ownership structures (i.e., whether the firm is privately or publicly held), the length of the planning horizons for the owners and managers of the firm, whether the firm is multidivisional or not, whether the firm sells one or multiple products, and how Wall Street's expectations affect decision making by managers. In particular, it shows how marketing-finance fusion allows senior management and the finance department to determine managerial compensation plans in the multiproduct or multidivisional firm.
How Should the Firm Compensate Its Sales Force? The Basic Model
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter shows how the firm should design sales force compensation plans to maximize its performance. It distinguishes whether or not the firm can observe the salesperson's effort. It shows how marketing-finance fusion allows the firm to design compensation plans based on such factors as the firm's cost structure, cost and demand uncertainty, consumer satisfaction, the firm's cost of capital, and whether or not the firm delegates price-setting or sales call policy to the salesperson. It shows how the sales force compensation plan should allow for multiperiod effects and the impact of Internet advertising. In particular, it distinguishes different scenarios (e.g., whether Internet advertising and conventional advertising are substitutes or complements).
How Marketing Policy Affects Consumer Well-Being and Social Welfare
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter analyzes how the firm's marketing strategies affect consumers and society. The topics covered include the effects of: the firm's pricing policy for durables; volume-based pricing (e.g., quantity discounts); the distribution of free samples; cost dynamics; demand dynamics; informative, persuasive, and mixed advertising; the product life cycle; bundling innovative and commoditized products; mixed bundling plans; sequential new product introduction over time; and secondhand markets for durables. In particular, it shows how the combined effect of the firm's marketing and finance strategies affect consumer well-being and social welfare.
How to Choose Optimal International Marketing Strategies
Authors: Jagpal Sharan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter shows how multinational firms can use marketing-finance fusion to choose international strategies. It discusses the pros and cons of international diversification to privately and publicly held firms, whether or not the firm should choose country-specific product designs, how the firm should measure and reward the performances of its country managers, what type of organizational structure the firm should use, how the firm should choose an outsourcing strategy, and what performance metrics the firm should use to measure and reward managerial performance in its outsourcing centers.
The Evolution of Varieties of Capitalism in Europe
Authors: Hall Peter A 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter challenges the conventional view that international economic developments are eroding distinctive varieties of capitalism. On the premise that we can understand institutional change only if we look over a longer historical perspective, it examines the character of economic challenges and the institutional responses to them in Britain, France, Germany, and Sweden during three periods: 1947-63, 1967-1983, and 1990-2005. It asks three questions: what types of challenges induce change in the institutions of the political economy? Can varieties of capitalism survive international economic challenges? Through what processes do the institutions of the political economy change? It analyses the institutions of the political economy as ones that address: a wage problem, work problem, and total factor productivity problem. It shows that these four countries developed distinctive institutional approaches to those problems in the two decades after the Second World War, corresponding to liberal and coordinated market economies identified by Hall and Soskice. It argues that the levels of economic performance promoted by domestic institutions depend on the character of the international monetary regime, and that the impetus for institutional change can be endogenous to existing institutions and generated by their unintended consequences. It examines the response to adverse economic developments in the late 1960s and 1970s, and the response to globalization since 1990. The chapter concludes that varieties of capitalism should be understood, in dynamic terms, as a set of institutionally conditioned adjustment paths, which often continue to diverge, even in the wake of common economic shocks.
Macroeconomics and Varieties of Capitalism
Authors: Soskice David 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter shows how production regimes are complementary to welfare state regimes and political systems, perusing a number of arguments which have been developed over the period since the original publication of VoC in 2001. These complementarities serve as a background for understanding a fourth complementarity which has not been discussed before in any detail — that between CMEs and conservative systems of aggregate demand management. This is critical in understanding the quite different patterns of adjustment of CMEs and LMEs to the demand shocks of the last decade. It argues that while LMEs can use discretionary monetary and fiscal policy, CMEs find this much harder. The chapter also explains why income restraint, and hence, real exchange rate depreciation is more effective in small CMEs than large CMEs.
Wage Bargaining and Comparative Advantage in EMU
Authors: Hancké Bob , Monika Herrmann Andrea 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter examines the effects of shifts in wage-bargaining systems on the organization of firms in EMU member-states, and argues that the move to coordinated wage bargaining induced by the Maastricht criteria has led firms in EMU member-states to align their product market strategies with the existing institutional framework. Where wage bargaining became (or was) centrally coordinated, firms increasingly pursued high-end product market strategies, while firms in countries where wage bargaining followed a decentralised coordination path opted for low-end strategies. This argument is developed in three steps. First it assesses how firms in the most important export industries adjusted their competitive strategies in the course of the 1990s, and finds that companies increasingly pursued product market strategies which are supported by national labour-market institutions. It then examines how several key firm-level indicators of competitiveness and labour market organisation evolve and find that skill profiles, workplace cooperation, and career development were adjusted to reflect the dominant product market strategy. The chapter concludes by comparing the strategies of employers with regard to wage-bargaining in Italy and Spain over the 1990s.
Institutional Variation and Coordination Patterns in CMEs: Swiss and German Corporate Governance in Comparison
Authors: Börsch Alexander 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter explores differences in the coordination mechanisms of coordinated market economies (CMEs). The VoCs perspective argues that national institutions, which are linked through complementarities, shape company strategies and the resulting economic specialisations of countries. To examine these links, this chapter compares the two CMEs with the most similar product market specializations: Germany, the prototypical CME, and Switzerland. Both countries have comparative advantages in industries characterised by incremental innovation patterns and diversified quality production (DQP). The comparison shows that Germany and Switzerland have significantly different corporate governance frameworks. In several subsystems, Swiss corporate governance is much closer to patterns found in liberal market economies. The chapter argues that Swiss firms can pursue DQP strategies nonetheless thanks to two enabling conditions. First, the structure of the training system — based on the coordination capacities of employers — supports the development of firm- and industry-specific skills, and creates a qualified and specialised workforce for Swiss firms. Second, management enjoys protection from capital market pressures due to concentrated ownership patterns and the absence of a market for corporate control, which enables coordination for firms that wish to pursue DQP strategies. These features mean that despite differences between the Swiss and German institutional frameworks, Swiss firms can create the institutional conditions for DQP production at the industry and company levels. Coordination is more informal and voluntary in nature, making the corporate governance system more differentiated than its German counterpart. This implies that different institutional paths can be taken to achieve the same results. Hence, institutions can be coupled more loosely than the VoC perspective would expect.
Capital Mobility, Varieties of Institutional Investors, and the Transforming Stability of Corporate Governance in France and Germany
Authors: Goyer Michel 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe research question of this chapter on corporate governance in France and Germany is two-pronged: to account for their different patterns of evolution, and to assess the implications for their respective models of capitalism. The focus indicator of this chapter is the rise of hedge and mutual funds — two categories of short-term, impatient investors — in large French and German companies. The presence of these two types of institutional investors with their focus on shareholder value and the short-term trading strategies constitutes a novel and potentially radical developments in European corporate governance. The empirical data on the investment patterns of these two groups of investors reveals the greater attractiveness of French firms over their German counterparts. The argument presented in this chapter highlights the importance of firm-level institutional arrangements of workplace organization in accounting for this divergence in investment patterns. The high degree of power concentration of French firms provides for a better fit with the short-term horizons of hedge and mutual funds. Patterns of adjustment in French companies are unilaterally orchestrated, in sharp contrast to the negotiated nature of restructuring strategies in German firms. Key notions of the Varieties of Capitalism perspective — institutional interaction, institutional latency, and the distinction between institutional framework and the mode of coordination that follows from these institutions — illustrate the central role performed by firm-level institutional arrangements of workplace organization, and provide important theoretical insights to account for the divergence in the investment patterns of hedge and mutual funds.
Economic Shocks and Varieties of Government Responses
Authors: Iversen Torben 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter explores whether governments in different varieties of capitalism respond differently to common economic shocks. It is often assumed that such shocks have a homogenizing effect on government policies, but I find the opposite to be the case (using OECD data and non-linear regression techniques). In economies with training systems that emphasize specific skills (CMEs), demand for social insurance is more sensitive to adverse economic shocks than in LMEs. In turn, polities with proportional representation (PR) are more sensitive to such demands, suggesting that PR is a complement to coordinated capitalism. The chapter also includes an analysis of the conditioning effects of wage bargaining institutions on shocks to the wage distribution, and concludes with a discussion of whether an increasingly bifurcated income and risk structure may change the politics of compensation.
Realism
Authors: Jenkins Caroline 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter aims to determine in exactly what sense we should be ‘realists’ about arithmetic, that is, exactly what kind of arithmetical ‘independence’ from the mind we should be interested in defending. It argues that taking what is called in this chapter ‘modal independence’ as characteristic of realism is a mistake, and that we should instead characterize realism in terms of is called in this chapter ‘essential independence’.
A Theory of Arithmetical Knowledge
Authors: Jenkins Caroline 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter explains how the examination of arithmetical concepts can lead to knowledge. It argues that in order for an examination of our concepts to supply us with knowledge of an independent reality, it must be that those concepts are appropriately sensitive to the nature of that reality, or what is called here grounded. The core idea here — and indeed the core idea of this book — is that grounded concepts are like trustworthy on-board maps of the independent world. The chapter suggests that it is through the normal functioning of our senses that our arithmetical concepts come to be grounded, and argues that if this is so, then the ultimate source of our arithmetical knowledge is empirical, though that knowledge is still a priori by many standard definitions.
More on the Very Idea of Concept Grounding
Authors: Jenkins Caroline 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter discusses objections to the idea that arithmetical concepts have empirical grounding, other than those covered in the previous chapter. These include some objections derived from McDowell, and some arguments to the effect that arithmetical concepts are too rich to be grounded in sensory input. One such argument appeals to certain results in empirical psychology which purport to show that arithmetical concepts (or even knowledge) are innate. It argues that the question of innateness is at best tangential to my project, since the origin of a concept and its epistemic status are distinct issues.
Making computer crystals
Authors: Neder Reinhard B. , Proffen Thomas 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Although it might sound simple, creating a model of a cluster of atoms or an extended crystal has its difficulties. The examples range from creating simple assemblies of atoms to creating the contents of a unit cell from an asymmetric unit to the building of extended model crystals. This chapter discusses unit cell transformations and general symmetry operations. A disordered perovskite structure is created as an example.