bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of cutaneous anesthesia associated with brachial plexus avulsions in the dog
Authors: Bailey Cleta Sue 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Patterns of cutaneous anesthesia were determined in 4 dogs referred for evaluation of brachial plexus trauma. Using these patterns in conjunction with other clinical and electrophysiologic data, avulsion of spinal nerve roots contributing to the brachial plexus (brachial plexus avulsion) was diagnosed in each case. Two of the 4 dogs had avulsions of the C7-T1 nerve roots and the T2 branch to T1. One dog had C7 and C8 nerve root avulsion, and one had avulsion of the C8 and T1 nerve roots and the T2 communicating branch to T1. Each dog had a distinct pattern of cutaneous anesthesia.
Therapeutic strategies involving antimicrobial treatment of the uterus in large animals
Authors: Gustafsson Borje K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Few diseases have more diverse treatment methods than large animal uterine infections. Antibiotics, most commonly applied locally, have prevailed as the preferred treatment. Although initially, the efficacy was mostly judged empirically, controlled studies have questioned the efficacy of many of the regimens used. Increased awareness of the risk for bacterial resistance and for tissue residues, necessitating withholding times for meat and milk, has made it increasingly clear that nonantibiotic alternatives are needed along with a better rationale for use of antibiotics.
Extrahepatic biliary carcinoma in sloth bears
Authors: Gosselin Sylvie J. , Kramer Lynn W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Extrahepatic biliary carcinoma was found in each of 5 adult sloth bears that died between 1970 and 1984 while on exhibit in Ohio zoos. The tumor was characterized by numerous mucin-producing neoplastic glands scattered throughout abundant fibrous stroma. The cause of the tumor was not determined.
Abomasal emptying defect in suffolk sheep
Authors: Rings D. M. , Welker F. H. , Hull B. L. , Kersting K. W. , Hoffsis G. F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twelve Suffolk sheep were examined because of an abomasal emptying problem. Anorexia and weight loss were evident in 11 of the sheep. Ventral abdominal distention was observed in 5 sheep. Laboratory analyses failed to show the hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis commonly found in cattle with a similar problem. Rumen chloride concentrations in 3 sheep indicated reflux of abomasal contents into the rumen.
Ovine abortion associated with an anaerobic bacterium
Authors: Kirkbride C. A. , Gates C. E. , Collins J. E. , Ritchie A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An anaerobic, slightly curved, tapered, corrugated, rod-shaped bacterium with 0 to > 12 flagella at each pole was isolated from 2 aborted lambs with focal hepatic necrosis. The organism stained faintly Gram-negative, but stained better by the Giemsa method. It was pleomorphic in culture, ranging from filaments containing granules to faintly staining spheroids.
Prevalence and causes of ram epididymitis in Utah
Authors: Bagley C. V. , Paskett M. E. , Matthews N. J. , Stenquist N. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Palpation of the testicles and epididymides was used to determine the prevalence of ram epididymitis (re) in Utah range flocks over a 5-year period. Of 62 range flocks examined, 58 had rams with palpable lesions. A comparison was made of prevalence by right vs left testicle involvement, but no significant difference was found. Culling all rams with palpable lesions from the flock progressively reduced the annual incidence, but did not eliminate re from any flock.
Semen and specimens of reproductive tract tissue were obtained from representative flocks for bacterial culture. Brucella ovis was found commonly in range flocks, but was not isolated from re-affected rams in virgin, ram-producing flocks. In the ram-producing flocks, a gram-negative, pleomorphic rod-type organism was found.
It was concluded that re should be considered as 2 disease entities, based on the finding of 2 causative organisms and the management systems under which those organisms are found. Brucella ovis was the major cause in persistently infected range flocks, whereas the gram-negative pleomorphic rod-type organism is the apparent cause of re in virgin, ram-producing flocks.
Control of nematodes in dairy heifers by prophylactic treatments with albendazole in the spring
Authors: Herd R. P. , Heider L. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of 2 prophylactic anthelmintic treatments with albendazole (7.5 mg/kg) was evaluated in 2 groups of Holstein dairy replacement heifers treated 3 and 6 weeks after turnout to spring pasture on May 2, 1983. The lightweight group consisted of twelve 7- to 9-month-old heifers with a mean initial weight of 201.1 kg. The heavyweight group consisted of ten 11- to 15-month-old heifers with a mean weight of 319.4 kg. Within each group, the heifers were paired by initial weight, and one member of each pair was randomly assigned to the treatment group. Each of the 4 resulting groups grazed separate, contaminated pastures until winter housing on Oct 31, 1983.
The albendazole-treated, lightweight heifers had bodyweight gains 28.9% greater than that of the control heifers at the end of 23 weeks (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in gain for the treated heavyweight heifers, which had a lower feeding rate/kg of bodyweight than did the lightweight heifers. At the end of the study, there was a sevenfold difference in mean pasture L3 counts between treatment (1,303 L3/kg) and control (9,153 L3/kg) replicates. It was concluded that it is desirable to treat all heifers in northern regions during their first spring at pasture. This strategy would likely provide substantial economic returns to the farmer in years with a wet summer, which would favor early migration of L3 to herbage, but would provide smaller returns in dry seasons, which would delay this pattern of migration.
Selenium toxicosis in swine
Authors: Casteel Stan W. , Osweiler Gary D. , Cook William O. , Daniels George , Kadlec Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Selenium toxicosis was diagnosed as the cause of fatal paralytic disease in a group of feeder pigs. Lumbar poliomyelomalacia and coronary band necrosis were the principal lesions. High selenium concentrations were detected in liver and kidney. Excessive selenium was traced to the premix added to the complete ration.
Evaluation of serum bile acid concentrations for the diagnosis of portosystemic venous anomalies in the dog and cat
Authors: Center S. A. , Baldwin B. H. , de Lahunta A. , Dietze A. E. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The serum concentration of bile acids was measured in dogs and cats with portosystemic venous anomalies (psva). In 14 dogs, the mean serum bile acid concentration after 12 hours of fasting was 61.7 ± 68.7 μmol/L (normal, 2.3 ± 0.4 μmol/L (sem) and when measured 2 hours after a meal in 15 dogs was 229.9 ± 87.7 μmol/L (normal, 8.3 ± 2.2 μmol/L). The fasting serum bile acid concentration was within the normal range in 5 of 14 dogs. The postprandial concentration was determined in 3 of the 5 and in each case increased more than tenfold above the fasting value.
The mean fasting serum bile acid concentration in 4 cats was 24.4 ± 10.1 μmol/L (normal, 1.7 ± 0.3 μmol/L) and in 2 of the cats increased to a mean of 120.6 μmol/L (normal, 8.3 ± 0.8 μmol/L) 2 hours after feeding.
The bile acid values in patients with psva were correlated with values for blood ammonia content, sulfobromophthalein (bsp) retention, and results of conventional tests of hepatic function. Bile acid concentrations were more sensitive than abnormalities in serum enzyme activities or bsp retention and equal in sensitivity to the ammonia tolerance test in detecting hepatobiliary insufficiency. Bile acid measurements were accomplished with less inconvenience to the patient and clinician, than tests of bsp excretion or ammonia tolerance. Used in combination with conventional laboratory tests for hepatic disease, pre- and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations appear to be a sensitive and specific indicator of hepatobiliary dysfunction of value in the diagnosis of psva in the dog and cat.
Behavioral indications for phenothiazine and benzodiazepine tranquilizers in dogs
Authors: Hart Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a controlled study on 18 caged dogs, the effects of 2 psychoactive drugs on friendliness, excitability, and fearfulness were systematically and quantitatively evaluated. Diazepam was selected to represent the benzodiazepine group, and chlorpromazine represented the phenothiazine group. Diazepam was more effective in suppressing signs of fear than was chlorpromazine. Diazepam increased measures of excitability, whereas chlorpromazine had opposite effects.
Prevalence of equine onchocerciasis in southeastern and midwestern United States
Authors: Cummings Earlice , James Eric R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 664 horses reported to have originated in southeastern and midwestern United States, 341 (51.4%) were positive for Onchocerca cervicalis cutaneous microfilariasis. The highest prevalence of 68.8% was recorded for horses from Virginia. Horses with the highest concentrations of microfilariae (as high as 19,770 microfilariae/mg in 1 horse) were from the Southeast (Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, and Alabama). For horses from South Carolina, the prevalence of infection was 57.1%; from the Midwest (Kentucky, Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana), 54.4%; from North Carolina, 45.5%; from Pennsylvania, 7.7%; and from Minnesota, 5%. Histories and ages of the horses were not known, but most horses were approximately 15 years old. Compared with horses from other states, horses from Pennsylvania were younger, which may have accounted for their lower prevalence of infection.
Cecal perforation in the horse
Authors: Ross M. W. , Martin B. B. , Donawick W. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The case records of 23 horses with cecal perforation (cp) were reviewed. The horses averaged 4.5 years of age (6 weeks to 13 years) and included 9 intact males, 12 mares, and 2 geldings. Twelve of the horses were Standardbreds, 9 were Thoroughbreds, and 1 each, a Belgian and Morgan. The horses were allotted to 2 groups: group I—13 hospitalized horses in which cp occurred unexpectedly, and group II—10 horses with cp at the time of admission. The horses characteristically had been sick or affected with disease unrelated to the cecum. Sixteen horses had been given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before the onset of cp. Twelve of the 13 hospitalized patients (group I) had vague, scarcely recognizable clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease before cp. The clinical signs and clinical laboratory changes that appeared in affected horses were identifiable with severe endotoxin shock, secondary to peritoneal contamination with ingesta and bacteria. All horses died.
At necropsy of the horses, the cecum was large and firm and was filled with ingesta, and the colon was empty; however, in 1 postpartum mare, the cecum and colon contained the usual amount of ingesta and were normal in size. In all horses, a single perforation was present, which appeared at various sites. The most common was a transverse perforation along the ventral aspect of the cecal body. Gross and microscopic examinations uncovered no existing disease near the perforation site or in other areas of the cecal wall or cecocolic orifice.
The pathogenesis of cp may involve 2 pathways: (1) a primary entity in mares at the time of parturition, without previous cecal outflow dysfunction, and (2) a secondary disease in horses initiated by a failure of physiologic cecal outflow, leading to cecal filling and later perforation.
Horses hospitalized with unrelated gastrointestinal or other systemic diseases treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be at risk to develop cp.
Acute hemodynamic effects of hydralazine in dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation
Authors: Kittleson Mark D. , Johnson Lynne E. , Oliver N. Bari 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The hemodynamic response to hydralazine administration was evaluated in 6 conscious small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation. All dogs underwent invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring before and after hydralazine administration. Cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were measured with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. Systemic arterial blood pressure (ap) was measured directly by inserting a needle into the femoral artery. Standard M-mode echocardiograms and thoracic radiographs were obtained. Other hemodynamic variables were calculated.
Base-line hemodynamic variables were altered severely in all dogs. Hydralazine decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 104 ± 18 (mean ± sd) to 78 ±12 mm of Hg (P < 0.005), total systemic resistance index from 2,946 ± 625 to 1,261 ± 420 dynes-s-cm-5m2 (P < 0.005), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 40 ± 5 to 26 ± 3 mm of Hg, (P < 0.005). Cardiac index increased from 2.92 ± 0.72 to 5.36 ± 1.67 L/min/m2 of body surface area (P < 0.005). Mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2) increased from 28.4 ± 4.3 to 41.2 ± 5.2 mm of Hg (P < 0.001). Pulmonary edema resolved, as determined on thoracic radiographs. Mixed venous oxygen tension correlated well with the cardiac index (r = 0.92; P < 0.001). It was concluded that hydralazine administration caused a small decrease in end diastolic diameter (4.8 ± 0.9 to 4.5 ± 0.8 cm, P < 0.05) and end systolic diameter (2.6 ± 0.8 to 2.3 ± 0.7 cm, P < 0.05). Fractional shortening and heart rate did not change.
It was concluded that hydralazine administration induced marked hemodynamic benefits in dogs with severe chronic mitral regurgitation.
Urinary tract infection due to indwelling bladder catheters in dogs and cats
Authors: Barsanti J. A. , Blue J. , Edmunds J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urine samples were collected from 27 dogs and 4 cats with indwelling urinary catheters connected to a closed system. Twenty-one animals had sterile urine at the initiation of catheterization. Eleven of these 21 animals developed positive urine culture after 4 (mean) days (range 1 to 10 days) of catheterization. Infections persisted after catheter removal in 6 of 8 animals. The 10 animals that did not develop bacteriuria had a shorter duration of catheterization (3 days vs 12 days, mean). Antibiotics (chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfonamide, cephradine, lincomycin, gentamicin, or ampicillin) were used during the period of catheterization in 17 of 21 animals, 8 of which developed bacteriuria and 9 of which did not. Ten animals had bacteriuria at the initiation of urine collection for culture. The type of bacteria changed during the catheterization period in 6 animals, all of which were given antibiotics. Bacteria isolated from animals given antibiotics seemed to become increasingly antibiotic-resistant.
Clinical evaluation of sodium bicarbonate, sodium L-lactate, and sodium acetate for the treatment of acidosis in diarrheic calves
Authors: Kasari Thomas R. , Naylor Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-six dehydrated diarrheic neonatal calves were used to study the effects of various alkalinizing compounds on acid-base status, the changes in central venous pressure (cvp) in response to rapid iv infusion of large volumes of fluid, and the correlation of acid-base (base deficit) status, using a depression scoring system with physical determinants related to cardiovascular and neurologic function. Calves were allotted randomly to 4 groups (9 calves/group). Over a 4-hour period, each calf was given two 3.6-L volumes (the first 3.6 L given in the first hour) of a polyionic fluid alone (control group) or were given the polyionic fluid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium L-lactate, or sodium acetate added (50 mmol/L). Acid-base status, hematologic examination, and biochemical evaluations were made immediately before infusion of each fluid (at entry) and after 3.6, 4.8, and 7.2 L of fluid had been given.
Compared with control values, bicarbonate, lactate, and acetate had significantly greater alkalinizing effects on pH (P < 0.01) and base deficit (P < 0.01) after 3.6, 4.8, and 7.2 L of fluid were given. Bicarbonate had the most rapid alkalinizing effect and induced greater changes in base deficit (P < 0.01) than did acetate or lactate at each of the 3 administered fluid volumes evaluated. Acetate and lactate had similar alkalinizing effects on blood. Rehydration alone did not improve acid-base status. The cvp was elevated in 10 (28%) of the 36 calves after 1 hour of fluid (3.6 L) administration, but significant differences in body weight, pcv, and clinical condition or depression score at entry were not found between calves with elevated cvp and those with normal cvp. There was a significant (r = 0.30, P < 0.05) linear relationship between depression score and base deficit, but this relationship accounted for < 10% (r2 = 0.09) of the individual variation in acid-base status.
It was concluded that an alkalinizing compound, preferably sodium bicarbonate, should be added to fluids given iv to correct acidosis in dehydrated diarrheic calves.
Transendoscopic electrosurgery for epiglottal entrapment in the horse
Authors: Jann Henry W. , Cook W. Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Monopolar electrosurgical cutting was used to correct epiglottal entrapment in 5 horses. The operations were carried out in the conscious animal, using topical anesthesia. The procedure required the use of a coagulation electrode designed specifically for electrosurgery, introduced through the instrument channel of a fiberoptic endoscope. The results were satisfactory and serious complications were not encountered. In 2 horses, excessive submucosal swelling developed at the site of the surgical wound, and the tumefaction took several weeks to subside in one of these horses. In both horses, the long-term outcome was a minor degree of reentrapment.
The main advantages of this technique, compared with other corrective procedures, related to the avoidance of the need for general anesthesia and laryngotomy, allowing racehorses to be treated without any major interruption in their training schedules. The surgery was simple, rapid, and bloodless, and was not followed by any dorsal displacement of the soft palate.
It was suggested that transendoscopic electrosurgery has potential for use in the treatment of a number of other diseases of the respiratory tract and other systems, both in the horse and in other species. In the equine respiratory tract, the technique might usefully be applied to the treatment of guttural pouch tympany, soft palate cysts, nasopharyngeal polyps, choanal atresia, subepiglottic cysts, and tracheal granulomata.
A review of 21 cases of epiglottal entrapment in horses revealed no evidence to support the suggestion that dorsal displacement of the soft palate is a cause of epiglottal entrapment or vice-versa. The hypothesis was advanced that, when the soft palate is displaced dorsally as a postoperative complication of the standard side-to-side resection, it is caused in some way by the resection of more tissue than is necessary for the correction of epiglottal entrapment. The hypothesis would require further testing but, in the mean time, we would recommend that epiglottal entrapment surgery be carried out with minimal tissue damage.
Trends in hip dysplasia control: Analysis of radiographs submitted to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, 1974 to 1984
Authors: Corley E. A. , Hogan P. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From 1974 through 1984, the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals evaluated 143,218 radiographic submissions representing 151 breeds of dogs. All breeds from which there were 35 or more evaluations had some frequency of dysplasia. Seventy breeds, each with over 100 submissions, were tabulated and ranked according to frequency of hip dysplasia. Frequency of dysplasia varied from 0.6% in the Borzoi to 46.9% in the Saint Bernard. These data were compared with data obtained earlier (1966 to 1973) on evaluations in 38 breeds for changes in frequency.
There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in frequency of dysplasia in 27 breeds, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in frequency in only 1 breed (German Shorthaired Pointer), and no significant change in frequency in 10 breeds. The median significant decrease was 22.4%, and the range was from 3.1% in the Chesapeake Bay Retriever to 48.7% in the Keeshond. The reduction in frequency of hip dysplasia demonstrated the value of a control program.
There were 5 breeds with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in frequency of dysplasia that had over 5,000 evaluations from 1974 to 1984. The decreases in frequency were independent of changes in American Kennel Club registrations for these breeds (a dramatic decline in registrations for the German Shepherd Dog and Old English Sheepdog, and a dramatic increase for the Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, and Labrador Retriever). Frequency regressed linearly in the German Shepherd Dog and Old English Sheepdog, but regressed nonlinearly in the other 3 breeds. The percentage reduction in frequency from the base frequency (1966 to 1973) for these breeds was 17.5% for the German Shepherd Dog, 23.1% for the Old English Sheepdog, 9.1% for the Rottweiler, 10.1% for the Golden Retriever, and 6.8% for the Labrador Retriever.
Transarticular pinning for repair of hip dislocation in the dog: A retrospective study of 40 cases
Authors: Hunt Chris A. , Henry William B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Transarticular pinning was used for the repair of hip dislocation in 40 dogs. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months. Satisfactory results were achieved in 80% of the cases. Body weight, ipsilateral femoral head fracture, and hip dysplasia appeared to affect long-term prognosis. The most frequent complication was pin breakage, but this did not affect final outcome and could be avoided by using pins of larger diameter. Osteonecrosis was observed in two cases.
Extracapsular cataract extraction: An analysis of 240 operations in dogs
Authors: Rooks Robert L. , Brightman Alan H. , Musselman Eugene E. , Helper Lloyd C. , Magrane William G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 240 extracapsular cataract extractions were performed on 214 dogs at the University of Illinois between 1968 and 1980. Overall success of the surgery, defined as restoration of functional vision for at least 6 weeks after surgery, was 79%. The success rates, on the basis of various parameters, were compared with the following results. The greater the number of years experience each surgeon had, the greater the surgical success rate. In dogs in which a second eye was operated on, the overall success rate on the second eye was approximately 20% less than that for the study as a whole. There was a significant difference in success rates between surgery on congenital and juvenile cataracts when compared with surgery on diabetic and senile cataracts, the first being 15% higher than the second. The success rate was 18% less for lensectomy with concurrent iridectomy than for lensectomy without iridectomy. There was no significant difference in success rates among the 3 procedures for extracapsular extraction used in this study, nor among the various breeds studied. There was no significant difference in the success rate of surgeries on the left eye, compared with surgeries on the right eye.
Scapular notch resection for suprascapular nerve decompression in 12 horses
Authors: Schneider J. E. , Adams O. R. , Easley K. J. , Schneider R. K. , Bramlage L. R. , Peter J. , Boero M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle paralysis with atrophy was treated by partial osteotomy of the scapula, deep to the suprascapular nerve. The horses had various gait abnormalities, which were corrected by the surgery, but regeneration of the muscles varied from partial to complete, depending on the duration of the condition and the degree of atrophy before surgery.