bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Versatility of Alternative Reaction Media: Water‐Mediated Domino and Green Chemical Synthesis of Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole under Nonconventional Conditions.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Singh Ruby , Jain Anuj Kumar , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of 1‐(7‐Fluoro‐naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐piperazine Hydrochloride.
Authors: Magano Javier , Akin Anne , Chen Michael H. , Giza Kendra , Moon Jennifer , Saenz James 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes of Indazole as Reagents: Indazol‐3‐ylidene‐Mediated Syntheses of Amidines from Thiolactams of Pyrrolobenzodiazepines.
Authors: Lindner Anika , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Ring Contraction of Benzo[f][1,2]thiazepine‐1,1‐dioxides from and to Benzo[e][1,2]thiazine‐1,1‐dioxides.
Authors: Khalaj Ali , Adibpour Neda 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New 6‐Oxa‐2‐silabicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes by Photochemical Conversion of Acyl(allyl)(dimethyl)silanes.
Authors: Hammaecher Catherine , Portella Charles 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coumarins and Flavones from Casimiroa pringlei
Authors: Maldonado Emma , Marquez Imelda , Chiang Fernando , Ortega Alfredo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Silicate—Phosphate Glasses in Soil Environment
Authors: Waclawska I. , Szumera M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supracrystals of Inorganic Nanocrystals: An Open Challenge for New Physical Properties
Authors: Pileni M. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Phosphido and ‐Phosphinidene Complexes in P—E Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Waterman Rory 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pentacyclic Steroids
Authors: Ibrahim‐Ouali Malika 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroformylation and Carbonylation Processes: New Trends in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Chaudhari Raghunath V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Aldol Reactions in the Total Syntheses of Complex Natural Products
Authors: Brodmann Tobias , Lorenz Michael , Schaeckel Romy , Simsek Serkan , Kalesse Markus 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HDL Therapeutics for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Brief Overview of the Synthetic Approaches.
Authors: Pal Manojit 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Elastomeric Homo‐polypropylene: Solid State Properties and Synthesis via Control of Reaction Parameters
Authors: Hild Sabine , Cobzaru Cecilia , Troll Carsten , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Implications of the Ribosome′s Stunning Stereochemistry
Authors: Zimmerman Ella , Yonath Ada 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching: The Yin and Yang of Bacterial Communication
Authors: Uroz Stephane , Dessaux Yves , Oger Phil 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancement of Flow‐Based Analysis with Alternative Chemical Reactions and New Devices for Environmental and Biological Samples
Authors: Sakai Tadao , Teshima Norio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Generation of digital phantoms of cell nuclei and simulation of image formation in 3D image cytometry
Authors: Svoboda David , Kozubek Michal , Stejskal Stanislav 
Published: March 2009

AbstractImage cytometry still faces the problem of the quality of cell image analysis results. Degradations caused by cell preparation, optics, and electronics considerably affect most 2D and 3D cell image data acquired using optical microscopy. That is why image processing algorithms applied to these data typically offer imprecise and unreliable results. As the ground truth for given image data is not available in most experiments, the outputs of different image analysis methods can be neither verified nor compared to each other. Some papers solve this problem partially with estimates of ground truth by experts in the field (biologists or physicians). However, in many cases, such a ground truth estimate is very subjective and strongly varies between different experts. To overcome these difficulties, we have created a toolbox that can generate 3D digital phantoms of specific cellular components along with their corresponding images degraded by specific optics and electronics. The user can then apply image analysis methods to such simulated image data. The analysis results (such as segmentation or measurement results) can be compared with ground truth derived from input object digital phantoms (or measurements on them). In this way, image analysis methods can be compared with each other and their quality (based on the difference from ground truth) can be computed. We have also evaluated the plausibility of the synthetic images, measured by their similarity to real image data. We have tested several similarity criteria such as visual comparison, intensity histograms, central moments, frequency analysis, entropy, and 3D Haralick features. The results indicate a high degree of similarity between real and simulated image data. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
HLA‐DRneg patients without acute promyelocytic leukemia show distinct immunophenotypic, genetic, molecular, and cytomorphologic characteristics compared to acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Oelschlaegel Uta , Mohr Brigitte , Schaich Markus , Schäkel Ulrike , Kroschinsky Frank , Illmer Thomas , Ehninger Gerhard , Thiede Christian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:Loss of HLA‐DR and CD34 is a well‐known characteristic of malignant promyelocytes in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, this immunophenotype is not specific for APL. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether further biological characterization of the HLA‐DRneg acute myeloid leukemia patients would allow more clearly define criteria to separate APL from non‐APL patients.Methods:Immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular analyses, and cytomorphology were prospectively performed within routine leukemia diagnostics of 800 patients included in different prospective acute myeloid leukemia multicenter trials.Results:Beside 60 APL, an additional 62 HLA‐DRneg non‐APL patients were identified. The main differential characteristics of HLA‐DRneg non‐APL included high CXCR‐4 expression in most patients and almost all leukemia cells, a significantly higher proportion of patients presenting with NPM1 mutations as well as the significant association with cup‐like nuclear morphology. The biological distinctness of both leukemia subtypes was further emphasized by the complete absence of aberrant CD2 expression and increased leukocyte and platelet counts in HLA‐DRneg non‐APL patients. Even in the CD34pos subgroup of HLA‐DRneg non‐APL all those features contributed in at least the same way to the separation from APL.Conclusions:The results of the present study show that an immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytomorphologic separation of both HLA‐DRneg leukemia subgroups is possible indicating that both groups are biologically distinct. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens induce Treg that participate in diabetes prevention in NOD mice
Authors: Zaccone Paola , Burton Oliver , Miller Nigel , Jones Frances M. , Dunne David W. , Cooke Anne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSchistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEA) profoundly regulate the infected host's immune system. We previously showed that SEA prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice and that splenocytes from SEA‐treated mice have reduced ability to transfer diabetes to NOD.scid recipients. To further characterize the mechanism of diabetes prevention we examined the cell types involved and showed that CD25+ T‐cell depletion of splenocytes from SEA‐treated donors restored their ability to transfer diabetes. Furthermore, SEA treatment increased the number and proportional representation of Foxp3+ T cells in the pancreas of NOD mice. We have used in vitro systems to analyze the effect of SEA on the development of NOD Foxp3+ T cells. We find that SEA can induce Foxp3 expression in naïve T cells in a TGF‐β‐dependent manner. Foxp3 induction requires the presence of DC, which we also show are modified by SEA to upregulate C‐type lectins, IL‐10 and IL‐2. Our studies show that SEA can have a direct effect on CD4+ T cells increasing expression of TGF‐β, integrin β8 and galectins. These effects of SEA on DC and T cells may act in synergy to induce Foxp3+ Treg in the NOD mouse.
Natural Treg cells spontaneously differentiate into pathogenic helper cells in lymphopenic conditions
Authors: Duarte João H. , Zelenay Santiago , Bergman Marie‐Louise , Martins Ana C. , Demengeot Jocelyne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInduction of Forkhead‐box p3 (Foxp3) expression in developing T cells upon peptide‐MHC encountering has been proposed to define a lineage of committed Treg cells. However, sustained expression of Foxp3 is required for Treg function and what maintains Foxp3 expression in peripheral Treg remains obscure. To address this issue, we monitored natural Treg phenotype and function upon adoptive transfer into lymphocyte‐deficient mice. We first show that about 50% of Foxp3‐GFP+ Treg isolated from Foxp3gfp KI animals loose Foxp3 expression in severe lymphopenic conditions. We next evidence that the cytokine IL‐2, either produced by co‐transferred conventional T cells or administrated i.v. prevents Foxp3 downregulation. Moreover, we document that Treg that lost Foxp3 expression upon adoptive transfer produce IL‐2 are not suppressive and promote tissue infiltration and damage upon secondary transfer into alymphoid mice. Our findings that Treg convert into pathogenic Th cells in absence of IL‐2 provide new clues to the success of Treg‐based immune therapies.
Proteomic analysis for process development and control of therapeutic protein separation from human plasma
Authors: Yang Xinli , Clifton James , Huang Feilei , Kovac Spomenka , Hixson Douglas C. , Josic Djuro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe use of proteomics technology during the development of a new process for plasma protein separation was demonstrated. In a two‐step process, the two most abundant proteins, HSA and IgG, were removed in a first step of anion‐exchange chromatography using a gel with very high capacity. Subsequently, two fractions containing medium and low abundance proteins were re‐chromatographed on a smaller column with the same type of gel. Collected fractions were separated by SDS‐PAGE and 2‐D electrophoresis, and excised proteins were digested with trypsin and identified by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. This proteomic analysis proved to be a useful method for detection of low abundance therapeutic proteins and potential harmful contaminants during process development. Based on this method, low abundance therapeutic proteins, such as vitamin‐K‐dependent clotting factors and inhibitors, could be identified as present in target fractions after chromatographic separation. In addition, the tracking of potentially dangerous impurities and designing proper steps for their removal are important outcomes when developing, refining or controlling a new fractionation schema. For the purpose of in‐process control, in‐solution digestion of complete fractions followed by protein identification with LC‐ESI‐MS/MS was demonstrated as a rapid and simple alternative to the entire analysis including 1‐D or 2‐D electrophoretic steps.
Boosting diffusion indices
Authors: Bai Jushan , Ng Serena 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn forecasting and regression analysis, it is often necessary to select predictors from a large feasible set. When the predictors have no natural ordering, an exhaustive evaluation of all possible combinations of the predictors can be computationally costly. This paper considers ‘boosting’ as a methodology of selecting the predictors in factor‐augmented autoregressions. As some of the predictors are being estimated, we propose a stopping rule for boosting to prevent the model from being overfitted with estimated predictors. We also consider two ways of handling lags of variables: a componentwise approach and a block‐wise approach. The best forecasting method will necessarily depend on the data‐generating process. Simulations show that for each data type there is one form of boosting that performs quite well. When applied to four key economic variables, some form of boosting is found to outperform the standard factor‐augmented forecasts and is far superior to an autoregressive forecast. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative ultrastructure of nonwounded Mexican lime and Yuzu leaves infected with the citrus canker bacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. citri
Authors: Lee In Jung , Kim Ki Woo , Hyun Jae Wook , Lee Yong Hoon , Park Eun Woo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUltrastructural aspects of citrus canker development were investigated in nonwounded leaves of citrus species by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A susceptible species Mexican lime and a resistant species Yuzu were spray‐inoculated with a virulent strain of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Initial symptoms occurred on Mexican lime ∼9 days after inoculation, whereas they appeared on Yuzu mostly 11 days after inoculation. In Mexican lime leaves, the bacterial invasion was usually accompanied by host cell wall dissolution and cellular disruption. Fibrillar materials from degenerated cell walls were usually found in intercellular spaces. Damaged host cells with necrotic cytoplasm showed the localized separation of plasma membrane from the cell wall. Bacterial multiplication and electron‐transparent capsule‐like structures around bacteria were commonly observed. Meanwhile, cell wall protuberances were prominent outside host cell walls in response to bacterial invasion in Yuzu leaves. Occlusion of intercellular spaces was also formed by the fusion of two or more individual cell wall protuberances originated from two adjacent host cells. Papillae‐like materials accumulated locally within host cells in close proximity to bacteria. Some bacteria were found to be undergoing degeneration in xylem vessels. Also, the shrunken, inactive bacteria were surrounded by electron‐translucent fibrillar materials in intercellular spaces, implying bacterial immobilization. These cellular responses are thought to be the consequences of defense responses of Yuzu leaves to invading bacteria. In both citrus species, X. citri pv. citri contained polyphosphate bodies showing electron‐dense and elliptical structures in cytoplasm. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in plasmid DNA on the sustainability of transgene expression
Authors: Mitsui Masaru , Nishikawa Makiya , Zang Lei , Ando Mitsuru , Hattori Kayoko , Takahashi Yuki , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Takakura Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundNonviral gene transfer generally suffers from short‐term expression of transgenes. We have previously demonstrated that plasmids with reduced CpG content exhibited a more prolonged expression of murine interferon (IFN)‐β or IFN‐γ, which was effective in inhibiting metastatic tumor growth. A further extension of the duration of transgene expression could be achieved by controlling the number and location of CpG motifs in plasmid DNA.MethodsLuciferase‐expressing plasmids with differing CpG content were injected into the tail vein of mice by the hydrodynamic injection method. The effects of CpG content on the duration of transgene expression were examined, focusing on cytosine methylation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Based on the findings, IFN‐γ‐expressing plasmids were constructed and their transgene expression and inhibitory effect on pulmonary metastasis were evaluated.ResultsPlasmids with a few CpG motifs showed a prolonged luciferase activity in the liver. Methylation of CpG motifs in plasmids reduced the expression and the extent of this reduction was greater for plasmids with a high CpG content. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines hardly affected the expression. pCpG‐Muγ, the IFN‐γ‐expressing plasmid, which contains 20 CpG motifs only in the cDNA region, exhibited a sustained IFN‐γ concentration at therapeutic levels, and had a great inhibitory effect on the pulmonary metastasis of tumor cells.ConclusionsThe duration of transgene expression of IFN‐γ was successfully increased by reducing the CpG content of IFN‐expressing plasmid vector, which resulted in an increased anticancer activity of IFN gene transfer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines in the reaction of 6‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐4(1H)‐pyrimidinone with chalcones
Authors: Quiroga Jairo , Insuasty Braulio , Sanchez Adolfo , Nogueras Manuel , Meier Herbert 
Published: March 2009

Abstract6‐Amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐4(1H)‐pyrimidinone (1) reacts in boiling DMF with α,/β‐unsaturated ketones 2 yielding the pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine systems 5 and 6, respectively. The orientation in the addition process can be determined by nmr measurements, especially by NOE difference spectroscopy. The products do not correspond to a normal Skraup or Doebner‐v. Miller synthesis.
Synthesis and transformations of 2,6‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐4‐[2‐(thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenols
Authors: Unangst Paul C. , Connor David T. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract(Thiazolylethenyl)phenols were prepared as potential antiinflammatories by reaction of thiazole 4‐ and 5‐acetic acid derivatives with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. Alternatively, an arylethenyl methyl ketone was brominated and the bromoketone product reacted with methyl dithiocarbamate, ammonium dithiocarbamate, or thiourea.
Synthesis of [(4,5‐disubstituted‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)thio]alkanoic acids and their analogues as possible antiinflammatory agents
Authors: Sung Kuangsen , Lee An‐Rong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of [(4,5‐disubstituted‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)thio]alkanoic acids 40–56 and their analogues 57–61 were synthesized for their possible antiinflammatory activities.
Molecular associations of hydrazones of heterocyclic systems.XI
Authors: Bruni Paolo , Conti Carla , Giorgini Elisabetta , Maurelli Eziana , Tosi Giorgio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractComplexes of hydrazones of heterocyclic compounds with organic acceptors are investigated through the evaluation of spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties. Values of the formation constants and comparison between uv‐visible and ft‐ir determinations on liquid and solid phases indicate these systems are weak complexes. Contributions from hydrogen bonding and the effects of π−π* or n−π* transitions on the spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of the complexes are discussed.