bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No observation of DIANA signals in rats at 7.0 and 17.2 Tesla
Authors: Cloos Martijn A. , Selingue Erwan , Hodono Shota , Gaudin Romain , Ciobanu Luisa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, a new method was introduced to detect neuronal activity using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The method, referred to as DIANA, showed MRI signals with millisecond temporal resolution that correlated with local field potentials measured invasively in mice. Troublingly, attempts by other groups to detect the DIANA signals in humans at 7 Tesla and mice at 15.2 Tesla have failed. So far, attempts to reproduce DIANA in small rodents have focused on paradigms using whisker pad stimulation, which were expected to produce a 0.1–0.15% signal change. However, the Supplementary Material accompanying the original DIANA paper showed that visual stimulation produced a three times larger signal, which should be much easier to detect. Therefore, we attempted to find the DIANA signal in rats using a visual stimulation paradigm. Experiments were performed at 17.2 Tesla but also at 7.0 Tesla to see if the DIANA signal appears at a lower field strength where T2 is longer and BOLD contributions are reduced. In addition, simulations were performed to investigate the theoretical detectability of synthetic DIANA signals in noisy data. Although our data indicated that a 0.1% signal change would have been detectable, we did not observe a DIANA signal. We did observe neuronally driven hemodynamic signal variations that were much larger than the anticipated DIANA signal. The amplitude of these signal changes was relatively similar at 7.0 and 17.2 Tesla (0.7% vs 1.1%). Numerical simulations indicated, however, that the measured hemodynamic signal changes would not interfere with the detection of DIANA signals. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that measurements at higher field strength with improved SNR would have a better chance to detect the DIANA signal. Yet, we, among others, were unable to find it.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Substance Use and Its Determinants Among College Students in a Coastal Town of South India
Authors: Das Shyamashree , Kamath Veena G , Prabhu Divya Arvind , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Pandey Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Background: Substance use among adolescents is increasing at an astounding rate globally posing a major threat to the health system and the society. This problem can be tackled if the adolescents are equipped with knowledge and positive attitude towards substance use. This study was an attempt to assess the knowledge and attitude towards substance use based on consumption and its determinants among college students. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,170 college students aged 18 years and above in Udupi taluk for two years using a predesigned questionnaire. Factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards substance use were identified using multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean age of study participants was 19 ± 1.38 years with 39(1.8%) of them indulging in substance use. Around 434(20%) and 1866(86%) of them had good knowledge and positive attitude towards substance use respectively. Though the substance users had better knowledge as compared to non-users, attitude was better in the non-users. Paternal education, affluent socioeconomic status and usage of substances significantly correlated with knowledge. Gender and substance usage were independent predictors of attitude Conclusions: The present study reveals that substance use is low among college students in Udupi taluk. Though knowledge about substance use is better in users as compared to non-users, the attitude is better in non-users. This calls for an urgent need to have health education sessions in the respective colleges with collaborative efforts of parents, teachers, and psychological counsellors to address the ill effects of substance
Methods for Extended Sleep EEG Recording in Autism: A Sleep Deprivation–Based, Natural Sleep–Recording Protocol and Feasibility Study
Authors: Kaku Sowmyashree Mayur , James Manjula William , Elizabeth VT  , Mysore Ashok , Sarma Gosala RK 
Published: March 2024

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to research individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Such individuals are known to have a higher prevalence of EEG abnormalities and seizures. Extended EEG recordings, particularly those including sleep, are known to significantly improve the yield of these abnormalities. However, obtaining extended sleep recordings without sedation in autistic individuals is challenging. This study explores practical and feasible protocols for recording EEG in awake and sleep states in children and adolescents with ASD. Methods: Extended EEG recordings using detailed sleep deprivation and recording protocol were done. Results: 132 children and adolescents with ASD and sleep deprivation completed extended EEG recording in natural sleep. Only nine autistic children required melatonin along with sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Extended EEG recording can be achieved by following a rigorous sleep deprivation protocol that is customized, along with providing an autism-friendly recording room environment. This is important in identifying and increasing the yield of epileptiform discharges. We also propose technical guidelines and considerations for EEG recording in children and adolescents with ASD.
Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Perceived Stress Scale–Child
Authors: Tavakkoli Nafise , Masoodi Armon , Khavari Sayd Abdolah , Farnia Samaneh 
Published: March 2024

Background: Precise assessment of chronic stress is a key prerequisite to effective stress management among children. Nonetheless, there are limited valid and reliable instruments for this purpose. This study was conducted to translate the Perceived Stress Scale–Child (PSSC) into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: This methodological study was conducted in 2020. The 14-item PSSC was translated into Persian using the forward–backward translation method. Item impact score was calculated for face validity assessment, and content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated for content validity assessment. Construct validity was also assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. For factor analysis, 140 children were purposefully selected from two specialty psychology clinics in Sari, Iran, to complete PSSC. Reliability of PSSC was evaluated through the internal consistency and composite reliability methods. SPSS (v. 26.0) and the SmartPLS software were used for data analysis at a significance level of less than .05. Results: Most participants were male (50.7%) and aged 10–12 years (62.2%). The mean of participants’ age was 9.56 ± 1.68 years. The impact score, CVR, and CVI values of all PSSC items were more than 1.5, 0.42, and 0.79, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Persian PSSC had two factors that explained 67.24% of its total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed this factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha values of PSSC and its two factors were 0.916, 0.840, and 0.824, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian PSSC has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used for stress assessment and screening among children.
Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Substance Use Among School-going Adolescents of Tribal Ethnicity: A Preliminary Study from North-East India
Authors: Ali Arif , Gujar Nilesh Maruti , Deuri Sonia P. , Deuri Sailendra K. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Mental health disparities are more pronounced among marginalized and ethnic communities due to a multitude of societal and environmental factors. These include family dynamics, cultural influences, geographic location, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, all of which contribute to increased vulnerability to mental health issues within these populations. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of mental health issues and substance use among adolescents belonging to tribal communities. Methods and Materials: The current research adopts a cross-sectional descriptive study design and was conducted across five Indian states, with a particular focus on the north-eastern region, including Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh. The selection of districts and schools was done based on convenience sampling in the initial phase of the study. From each state, two schools were selected where the tribal population was high. In each district, a list of schools (20 schools) was prepared based on census data where the tribal population was high. Following the selection of schools within the district, a randomized sampling approach, employing the lottery method, was utilized to choose 10 schools from the compiled list. Subsequently, a total enumeration method was employed for the selection of school-going adolescents, ensuring the inclusion of all individuals within the chosen schools. A total of 983 adolescents belonging to tribal communities participated in the study after providing both assent and parental consent. A socio-demographic datasheet, strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs (BSTAD) were administered. Results: In the context of school-going adolescents, Arunachal Pradesh exhibited a higher prevalence of mental health issues, including emotional and behavioral problems, at 41.9%, surpassing the rates observed in Assam (32.8%), Meghalaya (31.4%), Nagaland (26%), and Manipur (14.22%). The finding shows that the use of alcohol was higher in Arunachal Pradesh (29.03%) as compared to other states; 29.44% of students from Nagaland sniffed or huffed, which was the highest among the five states; and 28.04% of students from Meghalaya took illegal drugs like marijuana, cocaine, etc., which was the highest among the five states. Conclusion: Proactive measures are urgently required to tackle the mental health obstacles confronting tribal adolescents. Implementing targeted mental health programs tailored to their specific needs is crucial for ensuring their well-being and fostering resilience within these communities.
Associations of prior pulmonary tuberculosis with the incident COPD: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Zhilin , Chen Huilong , Shao Zhonghe , Guan Yunlong , Zhan Yuan , Cao Xi , Li Si , Hao Xingjie 
Published: March 2024

Background: Prior pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) might be associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the impact of prior PTB on the risk of incident COPD has not been studied in a large prospective cohort study of the European population. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of prior PTB with the risk of COPD. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: A multivariable Cox proportional model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of prior PTB with COPD. Subgroup analyses were further conducted among individuals stratified by age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and polygenic risk score (PRS). Results: The study involved a total of 216,130 participants, with a median follow-up period of 12.6 years and 2788 incident cases of COPD. Individuals with a prior history of PTB at baseline had an 87% higher risk of developing incident COPD compared to those without such history [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.77; p = 0.002]. Subgroup analysis revealed that individuals having prior PTB history presented a higher risk of incident COPD among individuals who were aged from 50 to 59 years with aHR of 2.47 (1.02–5.95, p = 0.044), older than 59 years with aHR of 1.81 (1.16–2.81, p = 0.008), male with aHR of 2.37 (1.47–3.83, p < 0.001), obesity with aHR of 3.35 (2.16–5.82, p < 0.001), previous smoking with aHR of 2.27 (1.39–3.72, p < 0.001), current drinking with aHR of 1.98 (1.47–3.83, p < 0.001), low physical activity with aHR of 2.62 (1.30–5.26, p = 0.007), and low PRS with aHR of 3.24 (1.61–6.53, p < 0.001), as well as high PRS with aHR of 2.43 (1.15–5.14, p = 0.019). Conclusion: A history of PTB is an important independent risk factor for COPD. Clinical staff should be aware of this risk factor in patients with prior PTB, particularly in countries or regions with high burdens of PTB.
Patient preferences for active ulcerative colitis treatments and fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Marshall Deborah A. , MacDonald Karen V. , Kao Dina , Bernstein Charles N. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Jijon Humberto , Hazlewood Glen , Panaccione Remo , Nasser Yasmin , Raman Maitreyi , Moayyedi Paul 
Published: March 2024

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising treatment for active ulcerative colitis (UC). Understanding patient preferences can identify treatment features that may impact treatment decisions, improve shared decision-making, and contribute to patient-centered care, which is especially important in the context of novel treatments like FMT. Objectives: We aimed to quantify preferences for active UC treatments, specifically FMT and biologics, and identify patient characteristics associated with different preference patterns. Design: This is a cross-sectional survey study. Methods: We administered a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey to elicit preferences in a sample of Canadian adults with UC. DCE data were analyzed using a main-effects mixed logit model and used to predict uptake of hypothetical scenarios reflecting alternative combinations of treatment features. Latent class modeling identified heterogeneity in patient preference patterns. Results: Participants’ ( n = 201) mean age was 47.1 years (SD: 14.5 years), 58% were female, and most (84%) had at least some post-secondary education. Almost half were willing to undergo FMT. When considering treatments for active UC, the most important attributes were chance of remission and severity of rare unknown side effects. All else equal, participants were most likely to uptake treatment that involves oral capsules/pills. Participants in the class with the highest utility for chance of remission were younger, had more severe disease, and 58% indicated that they would be willing to undergo FMT. Conclusion: We identified characteristics of UC patients who are more likely to be interested in FMT using preference elicitation methods. Patient-centered care can be enhanced by knowing which patients are more likely to be interested in FMT, potentially improving satisfaction with and adherence to treatments for active UC to maximize the effectiveness of treatment while considering heterogeneity in patient preferences.
Whole-genome resequencing of Chinese indigenous sheep provides insight into the genetic basis underlying climate adaptation
Authors: Jin Meilin , Wang Huihua , Liu Gang , Lu Jian , Yuan Zehu , Li Taotao , Liu Engming , Lu Zengkui , Du Lixin , Wei Caihong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Chinese indigenous sheep are valuable resources with unique features and characteristics. They are distributed across regions with different climates in mainland China; however, few reports have analyzed the environmental adaptability of sheep based on their genome. We examined the variants and signatures of selection involved in adaptation to extreme humidity, altitude, and temperature conditions in 173 sheep genomes from 41 phenotypically and geographically representative Chinese indigenous sheep breeds to characterize the genetic basis underlying environmental adaptation in these populations.

Results
Based on the analysis of population structure, we inferred that Chinese indigenous sheep are divided into four groups: Kazakh (KAZ), Mongolian (MON), Tibetan (TIB), and Yunnan (YUN). We also detected a set of candidate genes that are relevant to adaptation to extreme environmental conditions, such as drought-prone regions (TBXT, TG, and HOXA1), high-altitude regions (DYSF, EPAS1, JAZF1, PDGFD, and NF1) and warm-temperature regions (TSHR, ABCD4, and TEX11). Among all these candidate genes, eight ABCD4, CNTN4, DOCK10, LOC105608545, LOC121816479, SEM3A, SVIL, and TSHR overlap between extreme environmental conditions. The TSHR gene shows a strong signature for positive selection in the warm-temperature group and harbors a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) missense mutation located between positions 90,600,001 and 90,650,001 on chromosome 7, which leads to a change in the protein structure of TSHR and influences its stability.

Conclusions
Analysis of the signatures of selection uncovered genes that are likely related to environmental adaptation and a SNP missense mutation in the TSHR gene that affects the protein structure and stability. It also provides information on the evolution of the phylogeographic structure of Chinese indigenous sheep populations. These results provide important genetic resources for future breeding studies and new perspectives on how animals can adapt to climate change.
Real-world advantage and challenge of post-autologous stem cell transplantation MRD negativity in high-risk patients with double-hit multiple myeloma
Authors: Tao Yi , Jin Shiwei , Yang Dan , Pan Mengmeng , Ouyang Wanyan , Liu Yuanfang , Wang Yan , Zhang Weiping , Mi Jianqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a beneficial approach for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in the age of novel therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, limited real-world data is available to establish criteria for identifying high-risk ASCT patients.

Methods
We analyzed outcomes for 168 NDMM patients who underwent ASCT at our center from December 2015 to December 2022. We investigated the impact of the number of high-risk cytogenetics (HRCA), defined as t(4;14), t(14;16), 1q21 gain/amplification, and del(17p), as well as the post-ASCT minimal residual disease (MRD) status as prognostic indicators. We assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and focused on identifying risk factors.

Results
The cohort included 42% of patients (n = 71) with 0 HRCA, 42% (n = 71) with 1 HRCA, and 16% (n = 26) with ≥ 2 HRCA. After a median follow-up of 31 months, the median PFS was 53 months (95% CI, 37–69), and OS was not reached for the entire cohort. Despite similar rates of MRD-negativity post-ASCT, patients with ≥ 2 HRCA, termed “double hit” (DH), had a significantly higher risk of progression/mortality than those with 0 or 1 HRCA. Multivariate analysis highlighted DH (HR 4.103, 95% CI, 2.046–8.231) and MRD positivity post-ASCT (HR 6.557, 95% CI, 3.217–13.366) as adverse prognostic factors for PFS, with DH also linked to inferior OS. As anticipated, DH patients with post-ASCT MRD positivity displayed the poorest prognosis, with a median PFS of 7 months post-ASCT. Meanwhile, DH patients with MRD negativity post-ASCT showed improved prognosis, akin to MRD-negative non-DH patients. It is noteworthy to exercise caution, as DH patients who initially achieved MRD negativity experienced a 41% cumulative loss of that status within one year.

Conclusions
This study strongly advocates integrating DH genetic assessments for eligible ASCT patients and emphasizes the importance of ongoing MRD monitoring, as well as considering MRD-based treatment adaptation for those patients in real-world settings.
Oncologists’ perceptions of tumor genomic profiling and barriers to communicating secondary hereditary risks to African American cancer patients
Authors: Hall Michael J. , D’Avanzo Paul A. , Chertock Yana , Kelly Patrick J. A. , Brajuha Jesse , Singley Katie , Luck Caseem C. , Bass Sarah B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor genomic profiling (TGP) identifies targets for precision cancer treatments, but also secondary hereditary risks. Oncologists are poorly trained to communicate the results of TGP, especially among patients with lower health literacy, poorer genetics knowledge, and higher mistrust. African American (AA) patients are especially vulnerable to poor understanding due to significant cancer disparities and lower uptake of TGP. The goal of this research is to inform the development of an internet-based brief educational support for oncologists to prepare them to provide better decisional support related to TGP for their AA cancer patients.

Methods
This mixed-methods study used semi-structured interviews of oncologists to inform development of an online survey with a convenience sample of US-based oncologists (n = 50) to assess perceptions of the challenges of TGP and communicating results to AA patients.

Results
Most interviewed oncologists felt it was important to consider racial/cultural differences when communicating about hereditary risks. Cost, family dynamics, discrimination concerns, and medical mistrust were identified as particularly salient. Survey respondents’ views related to AAs and perceptions of TGP were strongly associated with years since completing training, with recent graduates expressing stronger agreement with statements identifying barriers/disadvantages to TGP for AA patients.

Conclusions
Oncologists who had more recently completed training expressed more negative perceptions of TGP and more perceived challenges in communicating about TGP with their AA patients. Focused training for oncologists that addresses barriers specific to AAs may be helpful in supporting improved communication about TGP and improved decisional support for AA patients with cancer considering TGP to evaluate their tumors.
Nature, prevalence, and risk factors for self-neglect among older people: a pilot study from Vellore, South India
Authors: Devaraj Vibisha , Rose Anuradha , Abraham Vinod Joseph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanges in demography in developing countries haves led to new issues among older rural populations, such as self-neglect which is under researched.Self-neglect identified as poor self-care, unsafe living quarters, inadequate medical care and poor utilization of services increase the odds of morbidity and mortality.Methods Our study was conducted in Kaniyambadi, a rural block in Vellore district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Ten villages were randomly selected. The study was conducted among people older than 60 years who were selected by random sampling using a computer-generated list. The following assessments were done: (i) A 19-item questionnaire was used to assess self-neglect, (ii) Katz index of daily living to assess functional activity, (iii) Mini Mental State Examination to evaluate cognition, (iv) Geriatric Depression Scale to identify depression, (v) Duke Social Support Index to measure social supports. Clinical data and anthropometric data were also collected. Data were entered into Epidata v3.1. All analyses were performed using SPSS v23.0.Results One hundred fourteen people above 60 years of age participated. The prevalence of self-neglect was 21.1% (95% CI 14.9%—29%); about half of the elderly population (47.38%) refused to seek or follow medical advice. Lower levels of education (OR 3.678, 95% CI 1.017 – 13.301), lower social class (OR 4.455, 95% CI 1.236 – 16.050) and functional impairment (3.643, 95% CI 1.373 – 9.668) were found to be significant factors associated with self–neglect. Though prevalence of comorbidities (70%) and depression (27%) were high, there was no statistical evidence of association with self-neglect.