bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of dialysis in the treatment of renal failure in liver disease
Authors: Parsons Victor , Wilkinson S P , Weston M J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Early and thorough peritoneal and haemodialysis has a part to play in the management of selected patients with hepato-renal failure. Patients with advanced irreversible hepatic damage due to cirrhosis, however, may have their prognosis shortened by dialysis, but there are many problems in these techniques in patients with multiple organ failure which still require investigation and solution.
Potassium metabolism and diuretics administration in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Vesin P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The author first reviews, on the basis of personal and literature data, the main changes in three major parameters of potassium metabolism: serum potassium; daily urinary output of potassium; exchangeable potassium (Ke) at the three stages of the course of liver cirrhosis. The action of K-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride) on these parameters is analysed. Although the introduction of these diuretics in our therapeutic armamentarium has resulted in a major advance, i.e. the quasi-total elimination of iatrogenic hypokalaemia and hypokalaemia-induced portacaval encephalopathy in the cirrhotic, the limits of their action on K metabolism are underlined: they may moderately enhance urinary K output; following cessation of their administration, a ‘rebound’ in urinary K output may be noted. Finally, Ke may still continue to decrease during their administration, indicating an aggravation of the underlying disease. It was also found that a rise in serum K and/or Ke during amiloride administration did not prevent the elevation of plasma renin activity usually induced by volume and/or Na depletion.
Experiences and problems in the management of ascites with the Rhodiascit machine
Authors: Thaler H , Fous G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The ascites reinfusion technique is an excellent therapeutic aid to patients with cirrhosis who are otherwise in good general condition.
The loss of weight often exceeds the amount of filtrate considerably.
The ratio between filtrate and concentrate may be increased by applying a filtration pressure of between 140 and 180 mmHg. This modification could result in shortening the procedure, if the machine were fitted with wider tubes and a more efficient pump.
The treatment in three of our cases was unsuccessful.
The role of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the diagnosis of constitutional delayed puberty
Authors: Sagel Julius , Distiller Larry A , Joffe Barry I 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The presumptive diagnosis of constitutional delayed adolescence is difficult to substantiate. Clinical examination and routine biochemical testing are not sufficient to exclude isolated gonadotrophin deficiency. Seven males are reported who presented with delayed puberty. These patients were given 100 μg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) intravenously, and the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) responses were measured.
Three of four males who were completely prepubertal (Stage 1) had a normal adult male response. These three patients have progressed further into puberty several months after this diagnostic test. The fourth patient in stage 1 puberty had a prepubertal LH response. A year later the response became adult in type, and 3 months thereafter stage 2 puberty was evident.
The LH response to LH-RH thus appears to have some prognostic value in the assessment of males presenting with delayed puberty.
A double-blind trial of salmefamol, a new bronchodilator
Authors: Bainbridge D , Hoare Margaret V , McHardy G J R , Dash C H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Salmefamol is a new sympathomimetic drug with predominantly β2 actions. In a double-blind trial in a group of twenty-four patients with airway obstruction, we have compared the effect of 100 μg of salmefamol given by metered aerosol with that of a placebo aerosol. In the same patients we have also compared the aerosols with subcutaneous adrenaline and subcutaneous atropine, the sequence of treatments being determined by a latin square design.
At all times salmefamol had a significantly greater bronchodilator effect than the placebo. Although the effects of atropine and adrenaline were greater at the earlier times of measurement, that of salmefamol was greater at 4 hr.
The role of histochemistry in increasing objectivity in histopathology
Authors: Pearse A G E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The techniques of microscopic histochemistry, successfully applied to problems in histopathology, necessarily result in increased objectivity.
Combined with procedures for quantification the increase may be such as to remove subjective judgment altogether.
Extended to the ultrastructural level the quality of the information derived is greatly enhanced in terms of localization but there is usually no increase in objectivity.
Of all branches of technology capable of conferring on histopathology an increase in objectivity, histochemistry must take first place.
The phonocardiogram in a partially detached mitral (Starr-Edwards) prosthesis
Authors: Raj M V Jeeva , Clarke C R A , Fleming H A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Phonocardiographic evidence of extreme variability of the time interval between the aortic sound (A2) and the opening click (OC) with intermittent absence of the OC of a partially detached mitral prosthesis of the Starr-Edwards type has not hitherto been reported. This case illustrates the diagnostic use of phonocardiography in a malfunctioning mitral Starr-Edwards prosthesis.
Ketotic hypoglycaemia of childhood
Authors: Pierides A M , Anderson J , Stansfeld J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with recurrent convulsions in childhood and associated ketotic hypoglycaemia is described. Hypoglycaemic attacks started at the age of 3 years and 4 months and continued until 9. At present (aged 15) the patient is mentally retarded, has epilepsy, high tone deafness and a major behaviour disturbance. Prednisone therapy failed to prevent hypoglycaemic convulsions and eventually irreversible brain damage. Intramuscular glucagon and adrenaline were ineffective in raising the blood glucose during acute hypoglycaemic attacks.
Investigations at 3 years and 7 months and at 14 years showed a persistent and markedly abnormal sensitivity to a small dose of exogenous insulin with severe hypoglycaemia with convulsions, absence of clinical hyperadrenalism during hypoglycaemia, and a metabolic block in gluconeogenesis. The demonstration of a persistent biochemical abnormality of glucose metabolism at the age of 14 strongly suggests that ketotic hypoglycaemia of childhood is not another aspect of nutritional deprivation, as recently suggested (Buist, 1974), but the result of a defect in glucose homeostasis.
Diseases of travel, with particular reference to tropical diseases
Authors: Woodruff A W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The large amount of disease acquired by travellers demonstrates that at present travel is not safe. Study of this disease, however, indicates that travel could be made safe by the application of relatively simple precautions.
Groups of travellers particularly liable to develop illness include those on short-term business and holiday trips to the Tropics. Young persons undertaking low cost overland journeys are particularly at risk. Among the important protozoal diseases acquired by travellers are malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and amoebiasis and the recent recognition of Lassa fever requires noting in connection with the diagnosis of fevers among persons who have recently travelled from West Africa.
It is most important that travellers should receive information on precautions they should take in tropical regions and that doctors in temperate regions should ask patients if they have recently travelled and, if the answer is in the affirmative, tropically-acquired disease should be considered.
Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and bilateral pneumothoraces in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Richards Anthony J , Swinson D R , Talbot I C , Hamilton E B D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which developed extensive pulmonary fibrosis and bilateral pneumothoraces is reported. Other features of SLE were minimal. Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis in SLE is probably more common than has previously been thought.
Pancreatitis and the pill
Authors: Mungall I P F , Hague R V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
An association between acute relapsing pancreatitis and the contraceptive pill has recently been suggested (Bank and Marks, 1970; Davidoff, Tishler and Rosoff, 1973). We wish to report a further case of acute pancreatitis in a patient taking the pill. In contrast to previous cases the serum lipids were normal and the pancreatitis was severe and ultimately fatal.
Changes in skin potential level during sleep in psychiatric patients
Authors: Perkins Richard , Baker Martyn 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Skin potential levels and EEG changes were recorded in eight psychiatric patients during three nights of sleep. In a balanced design each patient took amylobarbitone sodium 200 mg, chlordiazepoxide 30 mg and placebo in turn. Skin potential did not distinguish between wakefulness and sleep as measured by the EEG nor did it clearly identify individual sleep stages. However, significant differences in skin potential were found between Awake and Stage I, between Awake and REM sleep and between REM sleep and Stage III/IV. The level was lowest during REM sleep but approached that of wakefulness during slow-wave sleep. These findings are discussed in terms of changes in arousal threshold during sleep. A cautious comment is made on the possible effects of psychiatric diagnoses and drugs.
Subjective ratings of sleep quality and anxiety after placebo, drug and a food drink
Authors: Adam Kirstine , Adamson Liisi , Oswald Ian 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Ten subjects (mean age 57 years) took part in a crossover study between a food drink and nitrazepam 5 mg. They rated their anxiety and sleep quality. On half the sleep laboratory nights during baseline periods subjects were given an inert pill which they were told would improve sleep. A comparison was made between the six pill and six non-pill nights for each subject. Subjective ratings revealed no significant difference attributable to the inert pill. Sleep quality was rated to have been improved during both late drug and early food drink administration. On early drug withdrawal sleep quality was rated worse than baseline.
Pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Rosin R D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Three patients with acute pancreatitis were found also to have hyperparathyroidism, two of them also formed pancreatic cysts. There appears to be more than an incidental relationship between the two diseases. The importance of serum calcium estimations in patients with pancreatitis is stressed. Theories as to why these diseases co-exist are reviewed.
Serum zinc levels in corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients
Authors: Ellul-Micallef R , Galdes A , Fenech F F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Serum zinc levels have been measured in twenty-four asthmatic patients, of whom sixteen were on long term corticosteroid therapy. They were carefully screened to exclude any concomitant disease. The non-steroid-treated asthmatics had normal serum zinc levels which ranged from 89 to 138 μg/ml. The corticosteroid-treated patients had a mean serum zinc level of 64 ± 9 μg/100 ml; this was significantly lower than normal (P = &lt; 0·001).
Significance of elevation of the right dome of the diaphragm
Authors: Ramachandran S , Jayawardena D L N , Warakaulle M B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Elevation of the right dome of the diaphragm occurs in a small proportion of healthy young adults, and in a proportion of patients with cardiac disease, cirrhosis of the liver and gastroenteritis. Hence this radiological feature, although common in hepatic amoebiasis, should be considered in concurrence with the other clinical features in the diagnosis of hepatic disorders. The significance of an elevation in the right hemidiaphragm in diseases primarily non-hepatic in origin, although of no diagnostic importance, is of clinical interest and is discussed.
The effect of adrenergic blockade in hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA)
Authors: Reardon G , Collins A J , Bacon P A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) is described, together with synovial fluid cytology and synovial histology. A new approach to therapy is described using adrenergic blockade. The effectiveness of this regime was assessed by quantitative thermography. The successful results support the neurogenic hypothesis for the aetiology of HPOA.
The effect of heart disease on pulmonary function
Authors: Hertz C W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In pulmonary congestion dyspnoea is due not only to an increase in elastic but also in viscous work. Increased airway resistance can be reduced in most of these cases by inhalation of adrenergic or anti-cholinergic agents. Therefore, besides bronchial mucosal swelling induced by congestion in the bronchial vessels via bronchopulmonary anastomoses, bronchospasm can take place and lead to cardiac asthma. The possible genesis of this bronchoconstriction is discussed.
Scanning electronmicroscopy of hypertrophic and keloid scar
Authors: Kemble J V Harvey 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The scanning electronmicroscopic appearances of hypertrophic and keloid scar before and after treatment, mature scar and normal skin have been investigated. There is a graduation of features such as collagen orientation and fibre size which accompanies the clinical maturation from the active hypertrophic state into mature scar, a process which is hastened but not materially altered by treatment with steroid or compression-occlusion.
A ten-year follow-up of haemorrhagic proctitis
Authors: Myers A , Humphreys D M , Cox E V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Seventy-four cases of haemorrhagic proctitis have been observed during a 10-year period. Inheritance, psychological stress and constipation may be of aetiological significance. A graded therapeutic effect using roughage, salazopyrin and local steroids emphasized the necessity of using all those forms of therapy, both to obtain and maintain remission. Peripheral complications and persisting abnormal serum protein patterns were associated with a high incidence of progression of the disease beyond the confines of the rectum.
Jaundice induced by stanozolol hypersensitivity
Authors: Slater S D , Davidson J F , Patrick R S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 66-year-old male patient developed jaundice after 7 months of treatment with the anabolic steroid, stanozolol. When the drug was withdrawn he made a full and uneventful recovery. A liver biopsy showed the histology of a hypersensitivity reaction. This is believed to be the first time jaundice has been recorded with stanozolol therapy and the first time a hypersensitivity-type jaundice has been recorded with any anabolic steroid.
Recurrent intussusception due to a primary colloid carcinoma of the large bowel in a child
Authors: Tehrani M A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of recurrent colo-colic intussusception due to a primary colloid carcinoma of descending colon with widespread lymphatic involvement in a child, is reported. The unusual mode of presentation and lack of awareness were responsible for a delay of 6 months before the final diagnosis was made. Two years after the operation the patient is well and there is no evidence of clinically detectable secondaries.
Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on lung mechanics in extrinsic asthma
Authors: Patel K R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In normal subjects inhalation of PGF2α produced two qualitatively different airways responses. In five subjects there was a significant fall in SGaw without change in maximum expiratory flow rates, FEV1 or CV. In contrast, the remaining three subjects showed a significant fall in flow rates and FEV1 together with a significant increase in CV while their SGaw was unaffected. PGF2α inhalation in six asthmatic patients produced a significant fall in maximum expiratory flow rates, FEV1 and SGaw. These patients showed a dual response with individual variability in magnitudes of changes. It is suggested that differing responses may reflect the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous controls of the airways, and that the diminished β-receptor activity in asthmatic patients may account for heightened bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled PGF2α both centrally and peripherally in the bronchial tree.
Ophthalmic Graves' disease in monozygotic twins
Authors: Thornham J R , Nutt J E , Clark F 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA pair of identical female twins with ophthalmic Graves' disease is described. Monozygosity was confirmed by analysis of blood groups and red cell isoenzymes. Thyroid status was assessed by standard tests (serum thyroxine (Thyopac-4), protein-bound iodine, Thyopac-3 and thyroid uptake of 131I). In addition, serum triiodothyronine and the response in thyroid stimulating hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone was measured. Circulating autoantibodies to thyroid tissue were detected in both sisters by complement fixation and immunofluorescence methods but long acting thyroid stimulator was not found.
A case of associated thyrotoxicosis and phaeochromocytoma. A diagnostic problem
Authors: Snow M H , Burton P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of phaeochromocytoma and thyrotoxicosis occurring in the same patient is described, in which the similarity between the signs and symptoms produced by the two conditions delayed full diagnosis until post mortem. The mechanisms involved in the production of these signs and symptoms are discussed.
Osteomalacia associated with increased renal tubular resorption of phosphate (hypohyperparathyroidism)
Authors: Kanis J A , Walton R J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 12-year-old girl, who presented with joint pains, was found to have hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia due to increased renal tubular reabsorption, increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteomalacia. These features, which resemble those found in so-called hypohyperparathyroidism, were all rapidly reversed by small doses of cholecalciferol.
Diffuse vasculitis, eosinophilia, and elevated antibody titre to measles virus
Authors: Bucknall R C , Doshi R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In the original description of serum sickness by Von Pirquet and Schick (1905) vasculitis was described as a feature. This was subsequently shown to be due to circulating immune complexes, which are known to be eosinotactic. The following report describes a case of serum sickness, occurring in a 14-year-old boy, characterized by diffuse vasculitis with communicating hydrocephalus and accompanied by a pronounced eosinophilia. A significantly raised antibody (IgG) titre to measles virus was demonstrated in his serum and indicated that this agent probably provided the initial antigenic stimulus.
Granulomatous gastritis, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 malabsorption and immunoglobulin deficiency
Authors: Woolf I L , Dymock I W , Shahani R T , Otridge B W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 24-year-old male with recurrent iron deficiency anaemia was found to have a generalized reduction in his immunoglobulin levels, granulomatous gastritis and impaired vitamin B12 absorption corrected by Intrinsic Factor.
There is discussion of the possibility that cell mediated mechanisms may have been involved in the cause of the vitamin B12 malabsorption.
Aplasia of the right lung and calcifying epithelioma in association with Goldenhar's syndrome
Authors: Kenawi M M , Dickson J A S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of Goldenhar's syndrome (oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia) with the rare association of aplasia of one lung is presented with a discussion of the clinical findings and the aetiology. The major abnormalities, pulmonary, renal and the undergrowth of the jaw were all right-sided, confirming previous reports. This child developed a calcifying epithelioma and this is cited as support for the theory of the origin of these lesions from epidermoid cysts.
Protective efficacy of a live, attenuated, influenza virus vaccine (‘Alice’ strain)
Authors: Prinzie A , Delem A , Huygelen C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Animal studies have indicated the high degree of efficacy and broad protection of ‘Alice’ vaccine against various heterologous H3N2 influenza virus strains.
Similarly, challenge studies carried out in volunteers have confirmed the high degree of efficacy of ‘Alice’ vaccine versus homologous and heterologous influenza A virus strains.
Epidemiological studies concerning choice of population for immunoprophylaxis of influenza
Authors: Niculescu I T I , Zilisteanu E , Cretescu L , Crainic R , Oprescu E , Matepiuc M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Epidemiological studies in naturally infected persons have shown that there is a significant relation between antibody levels to the current circulating virus and morbidity. Serological findings and morbidity data suggest: (1) that the serological survey is a more sensitive indicator for influenza outbreaks than is the clinical diagnosis and (2) that the 5-14 age group is first affected when an epidemic of influenza starts off. Consequently, school children may be the major source of influenza into family units and, therefore, among older segments of the population.
Exploring the relationships between influenza morbidity and natality, as well as influenza morbidity and mortality under 1 year of age, values of &lt;0·001 (Student's t-test) were obtained. The linear regression analysis showed that both relationships were represented as straight lines.
From the results it seems logical to utilize the available vaccine for the protection of infants, school children and pregnant women. The vaccine-induced protection can offer significant, although not total, protection of the whole population and prevent obstetrical accidents.
Spontaneous splenic rupture and pseudo-hyperkalaemia in chronic lymphatic leukaemia
Authors: Wilson Kenneth S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two unusual complications are described in a patient who had chronic lymphatic leukaemia. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen occurred and was related to subcapsular infarction and haemorrhage. The possibility of this complication should always be considered when signs of an acute abdomen develop in a patient with leukaemia. The phenomenon of pseudo-hyperkalaemia was demonstrated. This was most likely due to increased leucocyte fragility in vitro.
Pneumococcal antigen in pneumonia. A post-mortem study with the histological and bacteriological findings
Authors: El-Refaie M , Tait R , Dulake C , Dische F E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Pneumococcal capsular antigens can be detected in lung tissue by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis even when, following antibiotics, post-mortem bacterilogy suggests that Escherichia coli has replaced pneumococci. The results suggest that antipneumococcal therapy would benefit at least 55% of patients critically ill with lung infection and that the potentially toxic drugs directed at coliform bacteria may be unnecessary.
Acute coronary insufficiency with normal coronary arteriograms
Authors: Lawson R M , Rosch J , Rahimtoola S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two patients presenting with apparent symptomatic and electrocardiographic evidence of acute coronary insufficiency and found to have normal coronary arteriograms are documented. The patients remain symptom free at follow-up 9 and 14 months later although one requires 160 mg propranolol daily. The electrocardiographic, myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic data in 413 patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms are reviewed and the suggested aetiologies documented. Follow-up of patients in these series indicates a good prognosis for symptom-free survival.