bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesized Cu-doped CeO2 nanoparticles for Congo red dye adsorption and antibacterial action
Authors: Norbert Aleena , A Surya Mary , John Sareen Sarah , Shaji Sadasivan , Jacob Mohan V , Philip Rachel Reena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The removal of pollutants from water bodies is crucial for the well-being of humanity and is a topic of global research. Researchers have turned their attention to green synthesized nanoparticles for wastewater treatment due to their eco-friendly nature, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. This work demonstrates the efficient removal of organic dye and both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from water bodies using copper-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized with Murraya Koenigii extract. Characterized via various methods, the 15% copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cu 15% NPs) exhibited maximum Congo red dye adsorption (98% degradation in 35 min). Kinetic analysis favoured a pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemical nature of adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms aligned with the Langmuir model, indicating homogenous monolayer dye adsorption on the doped adsorbent. The maximum uptake of adsorbate, Q
m obtained from Langmuir model for Cu 15% NPs was 193 mg g−1. The study also showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Cu-doped ceria, attributed to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the redox cycling between Ce3+ and Ce4+. This substantiated that the green synthesized copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles are potential candidates for adsorptive removal of Congo red dye and as antibacterial agents.
The plasma-charge model in a convex domain
Authors: Wu Jingpeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the initial-boundary value problems of a Vlasov type system in a convex domain, so called the plasma-charge model, in which there are two kinds of singular sets, one caused by the boundary effect, the other by the heavy point charges. We prove the local existence of classical solutions for the case that the point charges are moving and global existence of classical solutions for the case that the point charges are fixed away from the boundary. The crucial tools are the extended Velocity Lemma for the plasma-charge model and the Pfaffelmoser’s method developed by Hwang and Velázquez (2010 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
195 763–96) and Marchioro et al (2011 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
201 1–26). In the Pfaffelmoser’s argument, a new idea is that the plasma particles can only be close to one of the singular sets during the time interval

[
t
−
δ
,
t
]

with small length δ, which allows us to obtain the global existence for the fixed point charges case by adapting the techniques established by Hwang et al (2013 Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.
33 723–37; 2010 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
195 763–96) and Marchioro et al (2011 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
201 1–26) to the corresponding singular sets respectively.
Effects of plasma resistivity in FELTOR simulations of three-dimensional full-F gyro-fluid turbulence
Authors: Wiesenberger M , Held M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A full-F, isothermal, electromagnetic, gyro-fluid model is used to simulate plasma turbulence in a COMPASS-sized, diverted tokamak. A parameter scan covering three orders of magnitude of plasma resistivity and two values for the ion to electron temperature ratio with otherwise fixed parameters is setup and analysed. Two transport regimes for high and low plasma resistivities are revealed. Beyond a critical resistivity the mass and energy confinement reduces with increasing resistivity. Further, for high plasma resistivity the direction of parallel acceleration is swapped compared to low resistivity.
Three-dimensional visualisations using ray tracing techniques are displayed and discussed. The field-alignment of turbulent fluctuations in density and parallel current becomes evident. Relative density fluctuation amplitudes increase from below 1% in the core to 15% in the edge and up to 40% in the scrape-off layer.
Finally, the integration of exact conservation laws over the closed field line region allows for an identification of numerical errors within the simulations. The electron force balance and energy conservation show relative errors on the order of 10−3 while the particle conservation and ion momentum balance show errors on the order of 10−2.
All simulations are performed with a new version of the FELTOR code, which is fully parallelized on GPUs. Each simulation covers a couple of milliseconds of turbulence.
Janus-faced nature of q-deformed states and estimation of the quadrature moments from optical tomogram
Authors: Kannan S , Sudheesh C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, we derive the optical tomograms of various q-deformed quantum states. We found that irrespective of the deformation parameter q, the Janus-faced nature of the quantum states manifests in their corresponding optical tomograms. A general method to estimate the quadrature moments from the optical tomograms of any q-deformed states is also derived. We also note that this technique can be used in high-precision experiments to observe deviations from the standard quantum mechanical behavior.
Effect of Ar pressure on phase transition characteristics and charge transport mechanism in VO2 films grown by RF sputtering of V2O5
Authors: Singh Akash Kumar , Singh H K , Siwach P K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we report the growth and characterization of VO2 films deposited on YSZ (001) substrate employing RF magnetron sputtering of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) target in pure Ar gas ambient. The VO2 film growth has been carried out at ∼700 °C for ∼15 min at ∼100 W RF power with a flow rate of ∼20 sccm at Ar gas deposition pressure of ∼3, ∼6, ∼20, and ∼40 mTorr. x-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy show that the nearly pure VO2 phase achieved at lower Ar pressure, e.g., ∼3 and ∼6 mTorr transform into a multiphase V-O system at ∼20 and ∼40 mTorr. This pattern is also supported by the electrical transport measurements through the occurrence of hysteretic IMT in films grown at ∼3 and ∼6 mTorr and the absence of this signature in these films deposited at ∼20 and ∼40 mtorr Ar pressure. The most pronounced with the strongest hysteresis is seen in the Y6 film, and therefore, the optimum growth pressure in the present study is ∼6 mTorr. The suppression of IMT in Y20 and Y40 is attributed to the appearance of other V-O phases, which smear out the phase transition. The activation energy of the insulating phase is estimated from the Arrhenius fit to the ρ-T data is found to be ∼0.223 eV at ∼3 mTorr Ar pressure which increases to ∼0.311 eV for ∼6 mTorr film in the cooling cycle. The low temperature (120K≤T≤300K) transport conduction in all VO2 films is governed by Efros-Shklovskii’s variable range hopping (ES-VRH) mechanism with a systematic relation between growth conditions and phase transition characteristics. Thus, Argon gas pressure plays a critical role in growth and brings out the feasibility of VO2 films growth by RF sputtering of oxide V2O5 target under Argon ambient only.
Scattering of plane waves from stress-free boundary surface of a microstretch elastic solid half-space containing voids
Authors: Garg Manisha , Singh Dilbag , Tomar S K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Scattering phenomena of plane coupled waves from stress-free boundary surface of a microstretch elastic solid half-space containing uniform distribution of voids have been investigated. Using appropriate boundary conditions and Snell’s law, the reflection coefficients corresponding to various reflected sets of coupled waves and their corresponding energy ratios have been presented. One of the boundary conditions leads to the vanishing of a cross-coupling parameter between curvature tensor and voids. Numerical computations have been carried out for a specific model and the variation of all the reflection coefficients and their corresponding energy ratios is depicted graphically against the angle of incidence. Some special cases have been reduced from the present model and discussed.
Non-gravitational signals of dark energy under a gauge symmetry
Authors: Kaneta Kunio , Lee Hye-Sung , Lee Jiheon , Yi Jaeok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate non-gravitational signals of dark energy within the framework of gauge symmetry in the dark energy sector. Traditionally, dark energy has been primarily studied through gravitational effects within general relativity or its extensions. On the other hand, the gauge principles have played a central role in the standard model sector and dark matter sector. If the dark energy field operates under a gauge symmetry, it introduces the possibility of studying all major components of the present universe under the same gauge principle. This approach marks a significant shift from conventional methodologies, offering a new avenue to explore dark energy.
Observing ferroelastic switching in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film
Authors: Guan 关 Zhao 赵 , Wang 王 Tao 陶 , Zheng 郑 Yunzhe 赟喆 , Peng 彭 Yue 悦 , Wei 魏 Luqi 鹿奇 , Zhang 张 Yuke 宇科 , Mattursun 阿 Abliz 卜力孜.麦提图尔荪 , Huang 黄 Jiahao 家豪 , Tong 童 Wen-Yi 文旖 , Han 韩 Genquan 根全 , Chen 陈 Binbin 斌斌 , Xiang 向 Ping-Hua 平华 , Duan 段 Chun-Gang 纯刚 , Zhong 钟 Ni 妮 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hafnium zirconium oxides (HZO), which exhibit ferroelectric properties, are promising materials for nanoscale device fabrication due to their high complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. In addition to piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and flexoelectricity, this study reports the observation of ferroelasticity using piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The dynamics of 90° ferroelastic domains in HZO thin films are investigated under the influence of an electric field. Switching of the retentive domains is observed through repeated wake-up measurements. This study presents a possibility of enhancing polarization in HZO thin films during wake-up processes.
Variability of pulse width in transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Osnabruegge Mirja , Kanig Carolina , Schoisswohl Stefan , Litschel Karsten , Mack Wolfgang , Schecklmann Martin , Langguth Berthold , Schwitzgebel Florian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. There is a high variability in the physiological effects of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation, resulting in limited generalizability of measurements. The cause of the variability is assumed to be primarily based on differences in brain function and structure of the stimulated individuals, while the variability of the physical properties of the magnetic stimulus has so far been largely neglected. Thus, this study is dedicated to the systematic investigation of variability in the pulse width of different TMS pulse sources at different stimulation intensities. Approach. The pulse widths of seven MagVenture® pulse sources were measured at the output of 10%–100% stimulation intensity in 10% increments via Near Field Probe and oscilloscope. The same C-B60 coil was used to deliver biphasic pulses. Pulse widths were compared between pulse sources and stimulation intensities. Main results. The mean sample pulse width was 288.11 ± 0.37 µs, which deviates from the value of 280 µs specified by the manufacturer. The pulse sources and stimulation intensities differ in their average pulse width (p’s < .001). However, the coefficient of variation within the groups (pulse source; stimulation intensity) were moderately low (CV = 0.13%–0.67%). Significance. The technical parameter of pulse width shows deviations from the proposed manufacturer value. According to our data, within a pulse source of the same manufacturer, the pulse width variability is minimal, but varies between pulse sources of the same and other pulse source models. Whether the observed variability in pulse width has potential physiological relevance was tested in a pilot experiment on a single healthy subject, showing no significant difference in motor evoked potential amplitude and significant difference in latencies. Future research should systematically investigate the physiological effects of different pulse lengths. Furthermore, potential hardware ageing effects and pulse amplitude should be investigated.
Calculating the Coulomb blockade phase diagram in the strong coupling regime of a single-electron transistor: a quantum Monte Carlo study
Authors: Harata Pipat , Hongthong Wipada , Srivilai Prathan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a novel approach for calculating the Coulomb blockade phase diagram (CBPD) in the experimentally accessible strong coupling regime of a single-electron transistor. Our method utilizes the path integral Monte Carlo technique to accurately compute the Coulomb oscillation of the differential capacitance (DC). Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the gate voltage and temperature variations on the DC, thereby gaining insights into the system’s behavior. As a result, we propose a method to calculate the Coulomb blockade boundary line and demonstrate its efficacy by setting the visibility parameter to 10%. The resulting boundary line effectively defines the transition between the Coulomb and non-Coulomb blockade regimes, thereby enabling the construction of a comprehensive CBPD.
Rising summer river water temperature across Canada: spatial patterns and hydroclimatic controls
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R , Pesklevits Jennifer C , Bonsal Barrie R , Brannen Rosa , Guo Tammy , Hoffman Sydney 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the spatio-temporal variability of climate-induced river water temperature change is critical for identifying hotspots and assessing the impacts on ecological and socioeconomic systems. Here, we employ the air2stream model reconstructed river temperature records for 106 stations in Canada (Nash Sutcliffe coefficient goodness-of-fit: minimum = 0.79; median = 0.93; maximum = 0.97) to analyze summer temperature changes over the years 1980–2018. Results reveal widespread river temperature increases from June to September, with significantly increasing trends for about 40%–60% of stations. Additionally, we find significantly rising 7-day maximum temperature and increasing occurrences over the critical 18 and 20 °C thresholds for about 30%–65% of stations. Furthermore, by employing the Ward’s agglomerative hierarchical clustering machine learning (ML) method, we identify eight regions of spatially coherent variability and change. We find that the south-east, coast and northern prairies are the regions of high vulnerability because of the likely impacts of rising summer water temperatures on cold-water aquatic species. Additionally, by using the random forests ML method, we demonstrate that mean air temperature and its trends are the primary drivers of mean water temperature and trends, respectively. Thus, with the projected enhanced air temperature increase across Canada, an amplified future summer river warming can be expected, which could have severe consequences, particularly in already thermally-stressed river systems.
Impact of hydrogenation on the stability and mechanical properties of amorphous boron nitride
Authors: Kaya Onurcan , Colombo Luigi , Antidormi Aleandro , Villena Marco A , Lanza Mario , Cole Ivan , Roche Stephan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Interconnect materials with ultralow dielectric constant, and good thermal and mechanical properties are crucial for the further miniaturization of electronic devices. Recently, it has been demonstrated that ultrathin amorphous boron nitride (aBN) films have a very low dielectric constant, high density (above 2.1 g cm−3), high thermal stability, and mechanical properties. The excellent properties of aBN derive from the nature and degree of disorder, which can be controlled at fabrication, allowing tuning of the physical properties for desired applications. Here, we report an improvement in the stability and mechanical properties of aBN upon hydrogen doping. With the introduction of a Gaussian approximation potential for atomistic simulations, we investigate the changing morphology of aBN with varying H doping concentrations. We found that for 8 at% of H doping, the concentration of sp
3-hybridized atoms reaches to a maximum which leads to an improvement of thermal stability and mechanical properties by 20%. These results will be a guideline for experimentalists and process engineers to tune the growth conditions of aBN films for numerous applications.
Principal component analysis in application to Brillouin microscopy data
Authors: Mahmodi Hadi , Poulton Christopher G , Leslie Mathew N , Oldham Glenn , Ong Hui Xin , Langford Steven J , Kabakova Irina V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Brillouin microscopy has recently emerged as a new bio-imaging modality that provides information on the microscale mechanical properties of biological materials, cells and tissues. The data collected in a typical Brillouin microscopy experiment represents the high-dimensional set of spectral information, i.e. each pixel within a 2D/3D Brillouin image is associated with hundreds of points of spectral data. Its analysis requires non-trivial approaches due to subtlety in spectral variations as well as spatial and spectral overlaps of measured features. This article offers a guide to the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for processing Brillouin imaging data. Being unsupervised multivariate analysis, PCA is well-suited to tackle processing of complex Brillouin spectra from heterogeneous biological samples with minimal a priori information requirements. We point out the importance of data pre-processing steps in order to improve outcomes of PCA. We also present a strategy where PCA combined with k-means clustering method can provide a working solution to data reconstruction and deeper insights into sample composition, structure and mechanics.
Synthetic control over the energy transfer and charge transfer between carbon dots and covalent organic framework
Authors: Feijoo Julian , Paliušytė Klaudija , Schneider Jenny 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are environmentally benign, strongly photoluminescent, metal free nanoparticles. Interfacing them with tailor-made organic semiconductors possesing an ordered channel structure such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs) promises to yield multifunctional materials. In this study, microwave-derived CDs are successfully incorporated into the porous structure of COF in a one-pot synthesis in which the condensation reaction between benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde (BDT) and 1,1,2,2-tetra(p-aminophenyl)ethylene (ETTA) is conducted in the presence of CDs. A detailed structural and optoelectronic characterization of the COF/CDs composite reveals that upon tuning the CDs loadings encapsulated in COF the interaction between both components can be controlled allowing the switch between energy and charge transfer. At CDs loadings ⩽20 wt%, strong binding of CDs to the COF enables charge transfer evinced from the quenched photoluminescence (PL) of both components and accelerated exciton decay kinetics of the COF. At CDs loadings ⩾30 wt% Förster resonance energy transfer from CDs to COF prevails, leading to enhanced COF PL. Our study underlines the interaction mechanism in organic composites and provides the knowledge required for the design of novel functional materials with applications in photocatalysis, optoelectronics and sensing.
A subway tunnel image stitching method based on point cloud mapping relationships and high-resolution image
Authors: Xia Mengxuan , Mao Qingzhou , Wang Guangqi , Fan Tingli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper presents an intelligent tunnel 3D laser image acquisition system. The system can quickly acquire the 3D point cloud and tunnel surface image of the whole tunnel section. The paper proposes the subway tunnel image stitching method based on point cloud mapping relationships and high-resolution image. Firstly, the method extracts the homonymous points from the mapped image generated from the 3D point cloud and the camera image based on the maximum information coefficient method. Secondly, the 3D point cloud positions corresponding to the homonymous points are determined. The optimization of camera parameters is achieved based on the gradient descent method. Then, the tunnel point cloud is expanded to generate a gray scale image based on spherical projection. Based on the optimized parameters, the point cloud is projected to the camera image to determine the depth value of each camera image pixel point. Finally, the pixel values of the camera image are projected based on the spherical projection to obtain the stitching result images. This method stitches individual images together to form a more complete tunnel surface image. The larger tunnel surface image helps in identifying tunnel defects.
AUV way-point tracking at constant velocity: cross-track error (CTE) and line-of-sight (LOS) guidance
Authors: Ghosh Pritam , Mandal Pranibesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the integrated challenges of path-following and tracking control for an under-actuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) in the two-dimensional (2D) plane. Four distinct 2D trajectories: linear, linear with sharp turns, curved, and circular trajectories have been considered in this study. The proposed path-following control algorithm leverages AUV kinematic and dynamic models, incorporating the Cross-Track Error (CTE) method and Line-of-Sight (LOS) technique to determine the desired orientation. Stability analysis has been performed to evaluate the robustness of the controllers against sudden underwater disturbances. Additionally, perturbation has been introduced in simulations to mimic real-world conditions more accurately. The simulations confirm the controllers’ proficiency in accurately tracking these various trajectories from a given starting point.
Socrates and Śāntideva
Authors: Ahbel-Rappe Sara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter compares the sacrificial aspect of the philosopher’s choice in the Republic with the figure of the bodhisattva in Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra (Guide to the Practices of Awakening). Both Plato’s enlightened philosopher and the Guide’s bodhisattva relinquish the exercise of contemplative virtue in order to serve other sentient beings. The chapter’s argument centers on the ethical implications of parallel psychological principles in the Republic and the Guide, respectively, “the prudential principle” or the desire that all people have for the good, and the principle of the equality of all beings with respect to well-being and suffering, that is, the desire that all beings have to be free from suffering.
Flexible control of the median of the false discovery proportion
Authors: Hemerik Jesse , Solari Aldo , Goeman Jelle J 
Published: March 2024

Summary
We introduce a multiple testing procedure that controls the median of the proportion of false discoveries in a flexible way. The procedure requires only a vector of p-values as input and is comparable to the Benjamini–Hochberg method, which controls the mean of the proportion of false discoveries. Our method allows free choice of one or several values of $ \alpha $ after seeing the data, unlike the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, which can be very anti-conservative when $ \alpha $ is chosen post hoc. We prove these claims and illustrate them with simulations. The proposed procedure is inspired by a popular estimator of the total number of true hypotheses. We adapt this estimator to provide simultaneously median unbiased estimators of the proportion of false discoveries, valid for finite samples. This simultaneity allows for the claimed flexibility. Our approach does not assume independence. The time complexity of our method is linear in the number of hypotheses, after sorting the p-values.