bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell‐based cell therapy in neurological diseases: A review
Authors: Kim Seung U. , de Vellis Jean 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and spinal cord injury are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord. Cell replacement therapy and gene transfer to the diseased or injured brain have provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic strategies for a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. However, the paucity of suitable cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders has hampered the development of this promising therapeutic approach. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells, and extensive efforts by investigators to develop stem cell‐based brain transplantation therapies have been carried out. We review here notable experimental and preclinical studies previously published involving stem cell‐based cell and gene therapies for Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ALS, Alzheimer's disease, MS, stroke, spinal cord injury, brain tumor, and lysosomal storage diseases and discuss the future prospects for stem cell therapy of neurological disorders in the clinical setting. There are still many obstacles to be overcome before clinical application of cell therapy in neurological disease patients is adopted: 1) it is still uncertain what kind of stem cells would be an ideal source for cellular grafts, and 2) the mechanism by which transplantation of stem cells leads to an enhanced functional recovery and structural reorganization must to be better understood. Steady and solid progress in stem cell research in both basic and preclinical settings should support the hope for development of stem cell‐based cell therapies for neurological diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High peak capacity separation of peptides through the serial connection of LC shell‐packed columns
Authors: Donato Paola , Dugo Paola , Cacciola Francesco , Dugo Giovanni , Mondello Luigi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh peak capacity was obtained for the separation of a HSA tryptic digest through the serial connection of three LC columns packed with shell material (C18, 15 cm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm particle size). A major benefit of these particles, consisting of a 1.7 μm solid core and a 0.5 μm porous shell, is the small diffusion path, which reduces axial dispersion of solutes and minimizes peak broadening allowing for higher resolving power to be obtained. Increase in the temperature decreases the viscosity and the backpressure on the columns and in this way allowed to couple multiple columns. Single and multicolumn systems were first evaluated for the separation of a standard sample mixture in the isocratic mode; afterwards three columns could be coupled at 60°C, generating more than 90 000 effective plates (200 000 plates/meter) for the separation of HSA in gradient mode on a conventional HPLC instrument. Peak capacity ratios were found in good accordance with the theoretical gain in resolution, i.e. values of 1.37 and 1.67 were measured, when doubling and tripling the length of stationary phases, respectively (the highest measured peak capacity on three coupled columns was 367).
Phosphopeptide enrichment using microscale titanium dioxide solid phase extraction
Authors: Yu Ying‐Qing , Fournier Jennifer , Gilar Martin , Gebler John C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIdentification of phosphopeptides by MS is challenging due to their relatively low abundance in proteomic samples and their limited ionization efficiency. Various affinity enrichment methods have been used in the literature. Titanium dioxide SPE devices have been recently proposed as an alternative to immobilized metal affinity chromatography for phosphopeptide enrichment. This study evaluates the TiO2 method using sorbent packed in a 96 well microscale extraction plate operated using a vacuum manifold. The phosphopeptide recovery and enrichment selectivity were investigated at various loading conditions. The effectiveness of organic additives such as dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and other nonaliphatic carboxylic acids on enrichment selectivity was examined. The performance of TiO2 was compared to IMAC sorbent. The results suggest that various additives improve the enrichment selectivity by effectively interfering with the acidic peptides binding to TiO2 sorbent. Interaction of phosphopeptides with sorbent is also affected, which leads to overall reduction in phosphopeptide recovery. The new SPE device was successfully utilized for the extraction of phosphopeptides from yeast lysate digest using 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid to minimize the interference from nonphosphorylated peptides.
Effect of separation dimensions on resolution and throughput using very narrow‐range IEF for 2‐DE after solution phase isoelectric fractionation of a complex proteome
Authors: Lee KiBeom , Pi KyungBae 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper describes how the lengths of the first and second dimensions in narrow pH‐range 2‐DE affect the number of detected protein spots, by analysis of human breast carcinoma cell line lysates prefractionated by solution phase IEF. The aim is to maximize throughput while minimizing experimental costs. In this study, systematic evaluation of narrow‐range IPG strip lengths showed that separation distances were very important, with dramatic increases in resolution when longer gels were used. Compared with 7 cm minigels, maximal resolution was obtained using 18 and 24 cm IPG strips. Systematic evaluation of SDS‐PAGE gel length showed a far weaker influence of separation length on resolution in the second dimension compared with that observed for the IEF dimension. There was little benefit in using separation distances greater than 12–15 cm, at least with currently available electrophoresis units. The work shows that regions of the IPG strip not containing any proteins can be excised to fit a smaller gel if prefractionation using IEF in solution has been performed. As expected, larger 2‐DE gel volumes resulting from the use of longer IPG strips and second dimension gels decreased detection sensitivity when equal protein loads were used. However, this effect could be readily eliminated by increasing the loads applied to IPG strips.
The effects of sound conditioning on gentamicin‐induced vestibulocochlear toxicity in gerbils
Authors: Suryadevara Amar C. , Wanamaker Hayes H. , Pack Adam 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Recent studies in animal models have shown via physiologic and histologic measures that the administration of exogenous antioxidants is protective against gentamicin‐induced oto‐vestibulo toxicity. In addition, studies have also shown that sound conditioning increases cochlear antioxidants. The objective of this study is to determine whether sound conditioning provides protection against gentamicin in the cochlear and/or vestibular system.Study Design:Prospective animal study.Methods:Three‐month‐old gerbils were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). The gerbils in group A were sound conditioned only (n = 2). In group B, the animals received gentamicin on the round window (n = 2). The gerbils in group C were sound conditioned first and later received gentamicin to the round window (n = 2). The animals were ultimately sacrificed and their right cochlea and posterior crista ampullaris were removed, processed, and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed for inner hair cell (IHC) and outer hair cell (OHC) loss and vestibular supporting and sensory hair cell nuclei per micrometer of vestibular epithelium.Results:The sound‐conditioned group (A) had no loss of cochlear hair cells. The gerbils treated with gentamicin only (B) had a 34% decrease of OHCs and 49% decrease of IHCs. The sound‐conditioned plus gentamicin‐treated group (C) had a 5.5% decrease in OHCs and 12% decrease in IHCs. There were no significant differences with regards to supporting cell nuclei within the posterior crista across all groups. When compared to group A, the gerbils in groups B and C did have a 23 to 42% decrease in the number of sensory cell nuclei per micrometer of vestibular epithelium.Conclusions:Sound conditioning does appear to attenuate the effects of gentamicin in the cochlea, although not significantly altering its vestibulotoxicity. An upregulation of cochlear‐specific antioxidants is believed to be an important factor. As we had a small sample size, we can only note trends in the data, but future studies with more animals and measurements of antioxidant levels after sound conditioning would be useful to quantify this effect and determine if it can be exploited clinically. Laryngoscope, 2009
Pharyngeal morphology: A determinant of successful nasal surgery for sleep apnea
Authors: Morinaga Mami , Nakata Seiichi , Yasuma Fumihiko , Noda Akiko , Yagi Hidehito , Tagaya Mitsuhiko , Sugiura Makoto , Teranishi Masaaki , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To estimate the effectiveness of nasal surgery on the occurrence of sleep apnea, and to analyze the pharyngeal morphology of apnea patients whose sleep‐disordered breathing was ameliorated postoperatively.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:Thirty‐five consecutive patients with apnea and nasal obstruction underwent polysomnography and a morphological examination of the upper airway before and after nasal surgery, which included septoplasty, inferior turbinectomy, and/or functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Results:Sleep apnea was significantly ameliorated in only eight patients. The postoperative reduction in the apnea‐hypopnea index tended to be lower in those with a low‐positioned soft palate, reflected in an elevated modified Mallampati score, and a narrow retroglossal space. Neither swollen tonsils nor narrow fauces affected the surgical outcome. Regression analysis showed that the modified Mallampati score (P < .05) and the retroglossal space (P < .05) were significant predictors of postoperative improvement in the apnea‐hypopnea index.Conclusions:Among sleep apnea patients suffering from nasal obstruction, nasal surgery is effective in those with a high‐positioned soft palate and/or a wide retroglossal space. Laryngoscope, 2009
Diagnostic delay and disease stage in head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Goy Jennifer , Hall Stephen F. , Feldman‐Stewart Deb , Groome Patti A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this study was to examine the evidence for an association between patient and/or provider‐related diagnostic delay and late stage at diagnosis.Study Design:We identified all English language published studies worldwide and present a summary of the direction and magnitudes of the associations observed. We consider the role of study population characteristics and symptom variation across the head and neck cancer sites on the delay‐stage association.Results:The 27 eligible studies reviewed varied considerably in the cancer types grouped by analysis, types of delay, and measurement of delay. The relationship between diagnostic delay and stage at diagnosis varied in direction and magnitude, with no consistent positive association in any of the head and neck cancer sites.Conclusions:Possible explanations for the lack of an observed relationship between patient delay and stage include: inaccurate measurement of delay, lack of sensitivity of disease stage to delay‐related disease progression, and variation in tumor aggressiveness, which could lead to variation in symptom progression rates. We call for better evidence about the relationship between diagnostic delay and disease progression and/or disease outcomes. If demonstrated and validated, such associations would provide a much stronger argument than description of delay alone for education programs around symptom recognition and for more active screening of high‐risk individuals. Laryngoscope, 2009
Effects of systemic transplantation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells on olfactory epithelium regeneration
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Choi Young Seok , Choi Jin Woong , Park Yong Ho , Koo Bon Seok , Roh Hwan‐Jung , Rha Ki‐Sang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of intravenous adipose tissue‐derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation on olfactory epithelium regeneration following transection of the olfactory nerve in rats.Study Design:This was a experimental study using primary cultures of mesenchymal stem cells derived from animal adipose tissue with histological analysis of animal olfactory tissue.Methods:All rats underwent unilateral transection of the olfactory nerve to induce degeneration of olfactory epithelium, and then were observed for regeneration according to time sequences. ADSCs were cultivated from neck adipose tissue of rats, and systemically injected into the experimental group. The control group was injected with phosphate buffered solution, instead of ADSCs. After 30 days, regeneration of olfactory epithelium was observed with olfactory marker protein (OMP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. To observe the characteristics of the transplanted ADSCs, olfactory epithelium was stained with von Willebrant factor and OMP.Results:After olfactory nerve transection, mature olfactory cells disappeared in 5 days, but gradually regained their thickness with increased cell numbers at approximately 10 to 15 days. By 30 days post‐transection, the thickness and cellular composition of epithelium was almost restored to baseline levels pretransection. However, OMP expressions remained decreased compared with day 0 or 3. Systemically injected ADSCs were transplanted into the olfactory epithelium and survived beyond 4 weeks. The ADSCs promoted regeneration of olfactory epithelium in the animal model and differentiated into olfactory receptor neurons and endothelial cells.Conclusions:Our findings suggest the feasibility of ADSC transplantation as a treatment for head trauma‐related olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope, 2009
Nano Si3N4 composites with improved tribological properties
Authors: Schulz Ingrid , Herrmann Mathias , Endler Ingolf , Zalite Ilmars , Speisser Bruno , Kreusser Johannes 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNano Si3N4 composites with tailored microstructure were developed using fine ß‐Si3N4 powders. Their wear behaviour was investigated. Whereas pure Si3N4 composites showed improved wear behaviour under dry rolling conditions with slip, TiN‐reinforced nano Si3N4 composites generate a self‐lubricating behaviour under dry sliding conditions. After chemical treatment with hydrogen sulphide, the friction coefficient and wear rate was found to be significantly decreased under dry sliding conditions. Additionally, the new composites possess higher fracture toughness than the pure nano Si3N4 materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Head and neck reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: A report of two cases
Authors: Yano Tomoyuki , Sakuraba Minoru , Asano Takayuki , Sarukawa Syunji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRectus abdominis musculocutaneous (RAMC) free flaps are preferred for head and neck reconstruction because of the abundant blood supply to the rectus abdominis musculocutaneous. In contrast, the indications for deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flaps in head and neck reconstruction are limited. In this report, two cases of oral cavity reconstruction with DIEP free flaps are described. In both cases, the defect was reconstructed with a DIEP free flap because it could avoid functional damage to the donor site. Successful reconstruction with a two skin‐island method was performed in both patients. Furthermore, donor site morbidity was minimal in both patients. When a DIEP free flap is used for head and neck reconstruction, elimination of dead space is the most difficult problem, because a DIEP free flap does not contain well‐vascularized muscle tissue. We compensate for this disadvantage with a flap designed to include a de‐epithelialized skin flap. Although this technique is not always the first choice for head and neck reconstruction, it is suitable for patients who wish to avoid donor site morbidity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Free latissimus dorsi flap with long venous grafts for closure of a soft tissue defect of the spine in a patient with Noonan's syndrome: A case report
Authors: Sinis Nektarios , Lanaras Tatjana Ismini , Kraus Armin , Werdin Frank , Schaller Hans‐Eberhard , Peek Alberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA 23‐year‐old male patient was operated for a soft tissue defect of the spine using a free musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap with two 21‐cm long venous grafts connecting the flap to its vascular supply at the thoracodorsal vessels. This young patient suffered from Noonan's Syndrome that is a complex hereditary malformation syndrome with clinical features often leading to spinal deformities and gibbus development. The defect originated from a former internal vertebral fixation that was necessary for erective correction of such a spinal deformity. After perforation of the introduced material and debridement the defect was 4 × 8 cm in size, which was successfully closed by the free latissimus dorsi transfer. However, two venous grafts were necessary because the extension of the pedicled muscle was not sufficient to reach the defect. This is the first case in literature where a free flap was used with two venous grafts to close a soft tissue defect of the spine in the special case of a vertebral deformity based on a Noonan's Syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Technique and proof of patency of microsurgical lympho‐lymphonodular anastomoses: A study in the rat model
Authors: Wallmichrath Jens , Baumeister Ruediger G. H. , Deglmann Claus J. , Greiner Axel , Heim Sibylle , Frick Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Lymphedemas due to local lymphatic blocks can be treated by microsurgical transplantation or transposition of lymphatic vessels. Here, the anastomoses are usually made end‐to‐end between lymphatics, but occasionally appropriate lymphatic recipient vessels are missing. In such cases, reconstructing lymph drainage by connection to a lymph node could be another technical option. The purpose of this study was to examine the patency rate of such lympho‐lymphonodular anastomoses in an experimental animal model. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the retroperitoneum was exposed. Patent blue dye was injected into the left foot to stain lymphatic structures. In group A (n = 8), the left lumbar trunk was cut centrally, the distal part was turned over to the right lumbar lymph node, and a microsurgical lympho‐lymphonodular anastomosis was performed. In group B (n = 8), the left lumbar trunk was cut. After 8 weeks, the lumbar region was surgically re‐explored, and the lymphatic drainage was examined by injection of Patent blue dye into the left lumbar lymph node. Results: In 8/8 animals of group A, patent transposed lymphatics were found. The patency of the anastomosis was proven directly by observation of blue dye transit and indirectly by observation of blue staining of the right lumbar lymph node. In 6/8 animals of group B, no lymphatic connection to the right lumbar lymphatic system was observed. Conclusions: This is the first report of the microsurgical technique and the proof of patency of lympho‐lymphonodular anastomoses. The novel animal model for testing the patency of transposed lymphatics is discussed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Aesthetic restoration of Poland's syndrome in a male patient using free anterolateral thigh perforator flap as autologous filler
Authors: Gravvanis Andreas , Lo Steven , Shirley Rebecca 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a male patient with Poland's anomaly who was reconstructed with a free anterolateral thigh perforator flap. The flap was used successfully as an autologous filler to recreate the anterior axillary line and correct the chest contour deformity. The use of the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap is an excellent choice as an autologous filler to correct mild and moderate deformity in male Poland's syndrome, carrying low morbidity and leaving both minimal scarring and functional sequelae. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
The “limited rectus sheath incisions” technique for DIEP flaps using preoperative CT angiography
Authors: Rozen Warren M. , Ashton M. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe abdominal wall donor site has become popularized for autologous breast reconstruction, with low donor site morbidity one of its key attributes. Further improvements in donor site outcomes have been facilitated through muscle sparing techniques, such as the use of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforator (DIEP) flap, and the use of modifications to closing the rectus sheath following muscular dissection, such as the use of endoscopic techniques and the use of mesh. We describe a new and unique method for potentially minimizing donor site damage during DIEP flap harvest: the “limited rectus sheath incisions” technique. This approach is only possible in select cases, the choice of which can be aided with the use of preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA). In select patients, there may be an extended segment of DIEA that does not give any musculocutaneous perforators, and thus does not require open exposure. In such cases, limited incision to the rectus sheath may be made: one to access the periumbilical perforators and a separate incision to access the pedicle near its origin on the external iliac artery. This incision may then be made in a muscle‐splitting fashion, in the line of external oblique fibers. This approach may reduce damage to the anterior rectus sheath, and may contribute to improving donor site morbidity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Lean and obese Zucker rats exhibit different patterns of p70s6 kinase regulation in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to high‐force muscle contraction
Authors: Katta Anjaiah , Karkala Sunil K. , Wu Miaozong , Meduru Sarath , Desai Devashish H. , Rice Kevin M. , Blough Eric R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIncreased phosphorylation of the 70‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k) signaling is strongly correlated with the degree of muscle adaptation following exercise. Herein we compare the phosphorylation of p70S6k, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of lean and obese Zucker rats following a bout of eccentric exercise. Exercise increased p70S6k (Thr389) phosphorylation immediately after (33.3 ± 7.2%) and during [1 h (24.0 ± 14.9%) and 3 h (24.6 ± 11.3%)] recovery in the lean TA and at 3 h (33.5 ± 8.0%) in the obese TA Zucker rats. mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation was elevated in the lean TA immediately after exercise (96.5 ± 40.3%) but remained unaltered in the obese TA. Exercise increased Akt (Thr308) and Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation in the lean but not the obese TA. These results suggest that insulin resistance is associated with alterations in the ability of muscle to activate p70S6k signaling following an acute bout of exercise. Muscle Nerve 39: 503–511 2009