bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Potential Inhibitors of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4: Design and Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Zhang Jinpeng , Zhu Xiaotong , Xu Jianing , Zhang Yan , Wang Qian , Jia Runhong , Jiang Bo , Zhang Junyong 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Mercaptoacetylative Expeditious Annulation of 5‐Mercaptopyrimidine Ring on Azoles Using 1,3‐Oxathiolan‐5‐one.
Authors: Yadav Lal Dhar S. , Rai Vijai K. , Yadav Seema 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Novel 5,6‐Dihydro‐6‐[4′‐substituted phenyl]‐12H‐indeno[2,1‐c]‐1, 5‐benzodiazepin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Aggarwal Preeti , Kamboj Ramesh C. , Gupta Satish C. , Dhawan Som N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthesis and Stereochemical Structure of 2H‐2,6‐Methano‐1,3‐benzoxazocine‐5‐carbohydrazides.
Authors: Girgis Adel S. , Hosni Hanaa M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Trimethylsilylpropynoyl Chloride.
Authors: Medvedeva A. S. , Andreev M. V. , Safronova L. P. , Afonin A. V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazolines by the Reaction of Steroidal Oxiranes with Acetamide.
Authors: Sharma Kamlesh , Saleem Kishwar , Salim Anwar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Enhanced Nucleophilic Fluorination in the Synthesis of Fluoropyridyl Derivatives of [3,2‐c]Pyrazolo‐corticosteroids, Potential Glucocorticoid Receptor‐Mediated Imaging Agents.
Authors: Kahn Michael G. C. , Konde Emmanuel , Dossou Francis , Labaree David C. , Hochberg Richard B. , Hoyte Robert M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Privileged Structure Based Ligands for Melanocortin‐4 Receptors—Aliphatic Piperazine Derivatives.
Authors: de Fructos Oscar , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric [1,2] Stevens Rearrangement of (S)‐N‐Benzylic Proline‐Derived Ammonium Salts under Biphasic Conditions.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Nanbara Shintaro , Nakai Takeshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rational Design and Convenient Synthesis of a Novel Family of Ruthenium Complexes with O,N‐Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Drozdzak Renate , Ledoux Nele , Allaert Bart , Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Verpoort Francis 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Complexes of Lanthanoids with Unusual Main Group Ligands
Authors: Jones Richard A. , Yang Xiaoping , Waheed Abdul , Wiester Michael , Zhang Lilu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Michael Addition of Formaldehyde N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones to α,β.‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Diez Elena , Fernandez Rosario , Lassaletta Jose M. , Martin‐Zamora Eloisa , Vazquez Juan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nucleophilic Trialkylstannyl and Allyl Transfer Reactions, Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes
Authors: Malinakova Helena C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Amino Acids — Synthesis and Introduction into Naturally Occurring Peptides and Biologically Active Analogues
Authors: Cardillo G. , Gentilucci L. , Tolomelli A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Cyanosubstituted Phosphines
Authors: Odinets Irina L. , Vinogradova Natalya M. , Matveeva Ekaterina V. , Mastryukova Tatyana A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Towards the Development of Mixed MT1‐Agonist/MT2‐Antagonist Melatonin Receptor Ligands
Authors: Spadoni Gilberto , Bedini Annalida , Guidi Tomaso , Tarzia Giorgio , Lucini Valeria , Pannacci Marilou , Fraschini Franco 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHerein we report attempts to optimize the pharmacological properties of 5‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐N‐acetyltryptamine (5‐HEAT), a melatonin receptor ligand previously described by us. Several 5‐substituted and 2,5‐disubstituted N‐acyltryptamines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for the human cloned MT1 and MT2 receptors. From this series of N‐acyltryptamines the 2‐bromo derivative (5 c) retains the interesting efficacy profile of 5‐HEAT and shows increased melatonin receptor affinities; it represents one of the first examples of a high‐affinity MT1 agonist/MT2 antagonist. Some other full agonists for both melatonin receptors which exhibit similar or increased affinity relative to that of melatonin were obtained.
Properties of Hydration Shells of Protein Molecules at their Pressure‐ and Temperature‐Induced Native‐Denatured Transition
Authors: Danielewicz‐Ferchmin Irena , Banachowicz Ewa M. , Ferchmin A. Ryszard 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProperties of water at the surface of biomolecules are important for their conformational stability. The behaviour of hydrating water at protein transition (t) pressures Pt and temperatures Tt , with the points (Pt,Tt ) lying in the Native–Denatured (N‐D) transition line, is studied. Hydration shells at the hydrophilic regions of protein molecules with surface charge density σ are investigated with the help of the equation of state of water in an open system. The local values of σ rather close to each other (σD ≈0.3 C m−2) are found for six different experimental lines of the N‐D transition found in the literature. The values σD correspond to the crossings of the total pressure (Pt+Π) vs σ isotherms at different Tt (Π−electrostriction pressure). The pressures Pt and temperatures Tt appear to be related with some selected sites at the surfaces of the protein molecules.
Developmental expression of the chick four‐jointed homologue
Authors: Yamaguchi Kumiko , Parish Joanne , Akita Keiichi , Francis‐West Philippa 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFour‐jointed is a type II transmembrane protein that is thought to be cleaved to give rise to a secreted protein. In Drosophila, four‐jointed controls outgrowth, vein patterning, and bristle polarity in the developing limb together with the polarity of the ommatidia in the developing eye. In Drosophila and mice, Fj is regulated by notch signaling. Here, we have determined the expression of the chick four‐jointed (fjx) homologue during embryonic development. We show that fjx is expressed in the limb bud; facial primordia; the proliferating zone of the lens, feather buds, the neural tube; and neural crest derivatives such as the dorsal root ganglia. Analysis of the fjx expression in the developing limb bud showed that initially fjx is expressed throughout the limb bud, but as the limb develops, highest levels of fjx transcripts are found distally. However, by stage 27, fjx expression is predominantly found in the central core of the limb bud. Finally, fjx expression becomes confined to the developing tendons, ligaments, articular cartilage, and arteries but not the veins. Comparison with scleraxis (scx), a marker of tendons and ligaments, revealed that they are coexpressed in the majority of tendons but that fjx is expressed after scx, when the tendons have begun to differentiate. These data suggest that fjx has two roles during limb development: the first controlling outgrowth and the second tissue differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 235:3085–3091, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐lapse tracing of mitotic cell divisions in the early Xenopus embryo using microscopic MRI
Authors: Papan Cyrus , Boulat Benoit , Velan S. Sendhil , Fraser Scott E. , Jacobs Russell E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMitotic cell division is a highly regulated cellular event in all organisms, but its direct visualization in the vertebrates is limited to animals with transparent embryos. Here, we report on the use of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) to noninvasively observe mitotic cell division of early blastomeres in the optically opaque Xenopus laevis embryo. Due to intrinsic tissue contrast, cell nuclei can be directly visualized without the need for contrast enhancing labeling. By taking two‐dimensional in vivo time‐lapse image sequences, the karyokinesis of a blastomere is followed. Timing and orientation of the cleavages can be traced for five cell divisions to establish a cell lineage tree, including orientation and timing of the mitosis. This work demonstrates for the first time the use of MRI for the visualization of cell divisions and expands the experimental scope of the Xenopus embryo. Developmental Dynamics 235:3059–3062, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite have different antiviral effects against hantavirus replication and free mature virions
Authors: Klingström Jonas , Åkerström Sara , Hardestam Jonas , Stoltz Malin , Simon Melinda , Falk Kerstin I. , Mirazimi Ali , Rottenberg Martin , Lundkvist Åke 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), like nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, have antiviral effects against certain viruses. Hantaviruses, like other members of the Bunyaviridae family, have previously not been shown to be sensitive to RNI. In this study, we compared the effects of NO and peroxynitrite on hantavirus replication and free mature virions in vitro, and of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hantavirus‐infected suckling mice. The NO‐generating compound S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), as well as cytokine‐induced NO, strongly inhibited hantavirus replication in Vero E6 cells, while pretreatment of free virions with SNAP only had a limited effect on their viability. In contrast, 3‐morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN‐1), a peroxynitrite donor, inhibited virus replication only to a very low extent in vitro, but pretreatment of virus with SIN‐1 led to a considerably lowered viability of the virions. Infections of various human cell types per se did not induce NO production. The viral titers in iNOS–/– mice were higher compared to the controls, suggesting that NO inhibits hantavirus replication in vivo. In conclusion, we show that NO has strong antiviral effects on hantavirus replication, and peryoxynitrite on mature free virions, suggesting that different RNI can have different effects on various parts of the replication cycle for the same virus.
T and B lymphocytes exert distinct effects on the homeostasis of NK cells
Authors: Jeannet Grégoire , Coudert Jérôme D. , Held Werner 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThere is growing evidence that lymphocytes impact the development and/or function of other lymphocyte populations. Based on such observations we have tested whether the NK cell compartment was phenotypically and functionally altered in the absence of B and/or T cells. Here we show that T cell deficiency significantly accelerates BM NK cell production and the subsequent seeding of splenic and liver NK cell compartments. In contrast, B cell deficiency reduces splenic NK cell survival. In the absence of T and B cells, the size of the NK cell compartments is determined by the combination of these positive and negative effects. Even though NK cell homeostasis is significantly altered, NK cells from T and/or B cell‐deficient mice show a normal capacity to kill a susceptible target cell line and to produce IFN. Nevertheless, we noted that the usage of MHC class I‐specific Ly49 family receptors was significantly altered in the absence of T and/or B cells. In general, B cell deficiency expanded Ly49 receptor usage, while T cell deficiency exerted both positive and negative effects. These findings show that B and T cells significantly and differentially influence the homeostasis and the phenotype of NK cells.
Decolorizing Reactive Textile Dyes with White‐Rot Fungi by Temporary Immersion Cultivation
Authors: Boehmer U. , Suhardi S. H. , Bley T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe decontamination of effluents from textile industries is problematic due to the fact that textile dyes are resistant to degradation in the environment. Enzymes from white rot fungi, especially laccase, are able to degrade various complex aromatic structures, and are therefore able to decolorize textile dyes. The white‐rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were immobilized, separately, on both pine wood chips and palm oil fiber, and cultivated in the temporary immersion RITA® (Récipient à Immersion Temporaire Automatique) System, which was adapted to serve as a fungal bioreactor in a series of four experiments to determine optimal conditions for decolorizing the textile dyes Levafix Blue and Remazol Brilliant Red. The maximum rate of decolorization of both dyes occurred within 24 h of incubation, and laccase was detected in the system.
Acclimation Strategy of a Biohydrogen Producing Population in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor with Carbohydrate Fermentation
Authors: Ren N. Q. , Gong M. L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPoor startup of biological hydrogen production systems can cause an ineffective hydrogen production rate and poor biomass growth at a high hydraulic retention time (HRT), or cause a prolonged period of acclimation. In this paper a new startup strategy was developed in order to improve the enrichment of the hydrogen‐producing population and the efficiency of hydrogen production. A continuously‐stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and molasses were used to evaluate the hydrogen productivity of the sewage sludge microflora at a temperature of 35 °C. The experimental results indicated that the feed to microorganism ratio (F/M ratio) was a key parameter for the enrichment of hydrogen producing sludge in a continuous‐flow reactor. When the initial biomass was inoculated with 6.24 g of volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L, an HRT of 6 h, an initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.0 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3 × d) and an feed to microorganism ratio (F/M) ratio of about 2–3 g COD/(g of volatile suspended solids (VSS) per day) were maintained during startup. Under these conditions, a hydrogen producing population at an equilibrium state could be established within 30 days. The main liquid fermentation products were acetate and ethanol. Biogas was composed of H2 and CO2. The hydrogen content in the biogas amounted to 47.5 %. The average hydrogen yield was 2.01 mol/mol hexose consumed. It was also observed that a special hydrogen producing population was formed when this startup strategy was used. It is supposed that the population may have had some special metabolic pathways to produce hydrogen along with ethanol as the main fermentation products.
Rationally designed peptides for controlled release of nerve growth factor from fibrin matrices
Authors: Willerth Stephanie M. , Johnson Philip J. , Maxwell Dustin J. , Parsons Sarah R. , Doukas Maria E. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to identify peptide sequences with varying affinity for nerve growth factor (NGF) and use them in the rational design of affinity‐based drug delivery systems. A phage display library (12 amino acid random peptide sequence) was screened against NGF‐conjugated chromatography resin three times and fractions containing phage of varying affinity were eluted by decreasing the pH of the eluent. These phages were isolated, amplified; then their DNA was purified and sequenced to determine the identity of the random peptide domain. Consensus peptides based on these sequences were synthesized and screened for their ability to bind NGF and release it at different rates from fibrin matrices. The ability of fibrin matrices containing these peptides and NGF to deliver to biologically active NGF was tested using a chick dorsal root ganglia model. A mathematical model was developed to further understand how the affinity of a peptide can modulate release of NGF and to aid in design optimization for the delivery system. The peptides identified in this study were determined to have varying affinities for NGF suggesting that this approach can serve as a model for tailoring the affinity of a drug delivery system for a target protein drug. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Anthrax: the challenges for decontamination
Authors: Sharp Richard J , Roberts Allen G 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAnthrax remains endemic in many parts of the world with regular infections of livestock presenting a consequent risk to public health. In the United Kingdom anthrax has diminished as a significant threat to human health with only sporadic outbreaks in farm animals derived from ingestion of spores from soil at sites associated with previous outbreaks and the burial of carcasses. Occupationally‐derived anthrax, associated with industries involved in the processing of animal products, has historically had an impact on the occurrence of outbreaks of infection. The introduction, in 1965, of vaccination for workers in high‐risk occupations contributed significantly to the eradication of the disease from the UK. During 2001 the deliberate release of anthrax spores in the USA, disseminated through the postal system, resulted in the infection of 22 people, five of which resulted in death through inhalational anthrax. At that time anthrax was unheard of in many clinical practices and there was a lack of training and preparedness to handle such incidents; the emergency resulted in medical and public health personnel across the world having a significantly raised awareness of both the organism and the clinical symptoms of infection, and the new threat posed by bioterrorism. In the USA, the immediate public health emergency was followed by the legacy of contaminated buildings and facilities. There had been little previous systematic study of the issues surrounding sampling and decontamination of areas contaminated with Bacillus anthracis. The decontamination of large complex buildings and the equipment they contained required the urgent development and validation of new procedures for both sampling and decontamination. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of targeted AAV2 vectors from novel virus display libraries
Authors: Waterkamp Daniel A. , Müller Oliver J. , Ying Ying , Trepel Martin , Kleinschmidt Jürgen A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRandom peptide ligands displayed on viral capsids are emerging tools for selection of targeted gene transfer vectors even without prior knowledge of the potential target cell receptor. We have previously introduced adeno‐associated viral (AAV)‐displayed peptide libraries that ensure encoding of displayed peptides by the packaged AAV genome. A major limitation of these libraries is their contamination with wild‐type (wt) AAV. Here we describe a novel and improved library production system that reliably avoids generation of wt AAV by use of a synthetic cap gene. Selection of targeted AAV vectors from wt‐containing and the novel wt‐free libraries on cell types with different permissivity for wt AAV2 replication suggested the superiority of the wt‐free library. However, from both libraries highly specific peptide sequence motifs were selected which improved transduction of cells with moderate or low permissivity for AAV2 replication. Strong reduction of HeLa cell transduction compared to wt AAV2 and only low level transduction of non‐target cells by some selected clones showed that not only the efficiency but also the specificity of gene transfer was improved. In conclusion, our study validates and improves the unique potential of virus display libraries for the development of targeted gene transfer vectors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous imaging and R2* mapping using a radial multi‐gradient‐echo (rMGE) sequence
Authors: Winkelmann Stefanie , Schaeffter Tobias , Weiss Steffen , Eggers Holger , Doessel Olaf 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate a rapid MR technique that combines imaging and R2* mapping based on a single radial multi‐gradient‐echo (rMGE) data set. The technique provides a fast method for online monitoring of the administration of (super‐)paramagnetic contrast agents as well as image‐guided drug delivery.Materials and MethodsData are acquired using an rMGE sequence, resulting in interleaved undersampled radial k‐spaces representing different echo times (TEs). These data sets are reconstructed separately, yielding a series of images with different TEs used for pixelwise R2* mapping. A fast numerical algorithm implemented on a real‐time reconstruction platform provides online estimation of the relaxation rate R2*. Simultaneously the images are summed for the computation of a high‐resolution image.ResultsConvenient high‐resolution R2* maps of phantoms and the liver of a healthy volunteer were obtained. In addition to stable intrinsic baseline maps, the proposed technique provides particularly accurate results for the high relaxation rates observed during the presence of (super‐)paramagnetic contrast agents. Assuming that the change in R2* is proportional to the concentration of the agent, the technique offers a rough estimate for dynamic dosage.ConclusionThe simultaneous online display of morphological and parametric information permits convenient, quantitative surveillance of contrast‐agent administration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.