bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating and modelling the hydrological and erosive behaviour of an olive orchard microcatchment under no‐tillage with bare soil in Spain
Authors: Taguas E. V. , Ayuso J. L. , Peña A. , Yuan Y. , Pérez R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDespite the high risk of erosion in olive orchards located in mountainous areas in Spain, little research has been carried out to account for the complexity and interaction of the natural processes of runoff and soil erosion on the catchment scale or small catchment scale. In this study, a microcatchment of 6·7 ha in a mountainous area under no‐tillage farming with bare soil was set up to record runoff and sediment. Soil erosion and runoff patterns were monitored over a two‐year period. Totally, 22 events were observed. The data were analysed, and then used to calibrate the AnnAGNPS model, which allowed us to complete the data period and describe the hydrological and erosive behaviour on a monthly and annual basis. A high variability in catchment responses was observed, due to differences in the storms and to the effect of the surface soil moisture content. Maximum intensities of 10 and 30 min determined the final runoff values while the total sediment loads were dependent on the rainfall depth. The impact of management on the reduction of porosity can explain the relationship between runoff and intensity in the microcatchment. However, the impact of the spatial scale meant that the transport of sediment required substantial rainfall depths to ensure a continuous flow from the hillslopes. The results of the calibration (E >0·60 andr >0·75) on the event and monthly scale confirmed the applicability of AnnAGNPS to predict runoff and erosion in the microcatchment. The predicted average runoff coefficient was 3·3% for the study period and the total average sediment loads, 1·3 Mg/ha/yr. Despite these low values, the model simulation showed that much larger runoff coefficients and soil losses can be expected for periods with several consecutive years in which the annual rainfall depth was over 500 mm. The use of cover is recommended to prevent the high levels of erosion associated with these conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in antigen processing machinery component ERAP1 significantly associate with clinical outcome in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Mehta Akash M. , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Corver Willem E. , van Wezel Tom , Uh Hae‐Won , Kenter Gemma G. , Jan Fleuren Gert 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGenetic variation of the antigen processing machinery (APM) components TAP2, LMP7, and ERAP1 is related to cervical carcinoma risk, although the relation with expression and clinical outcome remains unknown. We have investigated the occurrence of APM component single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cervical carcinoma. Twelve nonsynonymous, coding SNPs in the TAP1, TAP2, LMP2, LMP7, and ERAP1 genes were genotyped in 75 cervical carcinoma patients with known APM component and HLA class I expression levels. Individual genotype distributions were assessed for association with APM component expression, various histopathological parameters and survival. Genotype distributions at the ERAP1‐56 and ERAP1‐127 loci were significantly associated with overall survival (OS); haplotype construction spanning these two SNPs revealed that the combination of a major allele at ERAP1‐56 and a minor allele at ERAP1‐127 was significantly associated with survival, homozygosity for this haplotype being associated with decreased OS (5‐year survival 50% vs. 70 and 81% for complete absence or heterozygosity for this haplotype, respectively; P = 0.021). Heterozygosity for this haplotype was an independent predictor for better OS in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.219; P = 0.014). These data indicate that genetic variation in APM component genes, particularly ERAP1, is an important contributing factor in cervical carcinogenesis, progressive tumor growth and survival. The location of the ERAP1‐127 SNP in the peptidase M1 domain of the ERAP1 aminopeptidase suggests the possibility of direct functional consequences of variation at this locus. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct dating indicates a Mid‐Holocene Age for archaic rock engravings in arid Central Australia
Authors: Smith M. A. , Watchman A. , Ross J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractArchaic rock engravings are found widely across the arid interior of Australia and are thought to represent an early pan‐continental tradition. A late Pleistocene age is assumed because of extensive weathering, but attempts to test this by direct dating have been unsuccessful. We use AMS 14C dating of calcium oxalate skins covering archaic engravings at two rock shelter sites in Central Australia (Wanga East and Puritjarra), constrained by 14C dates of charcoal in sedimentary layers beneath the same engraved slabs, to show this rock art is mid‐Holocene in age. Despite a limited range of simple geometric designs and uniformity across the arid interior, this corpus of rock art is not associated with the initial peopling of the Australian desert, but is a later development reflecting the dynamics of established desert societies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liposome encapsulation of curcumin and resveratrol in combination reduces prostate cancer incidence in PTEN knockout mice
Authors: Narayanan Narayanan K. , Nargi Dominick , Randolph Carla , Narayanan Bhagavathi A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIncreasing interest in the use of phytochemicals to reduce prostate cancer led us to investigate 2 potential agents, curcumin and resveratrol as preventive agents. However, there is concern about the bioavailability of these agents pertinent to the poor absorption and thereby limiting its clinical use. With the view to improve their bioavailability, we used the liposome encapsulated curcumin, and resveratrol individually and in combination in male B6C3F1/J mice. Further, we examined the chemopreventive effect of liposome encapsulated curcumin and resveratrol in combination in prostate‐specific PTEN knockout mice. In vitro assays using PTEN‐CaP8 cancer cells were performed to investigate the combined effects curcumin with resveratrol on (i) cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle (ii) impact on activated p‐Akt, cyclin D1, m‐TOR and androgen receptor (AR) proteins involved in tumor progression. HPLC analysis of serum and prostate tissues showed a significant increase in curcumin level when liposome encapsulated curcumin coadministered with liposomal resveratrol (p < 0.001). Combination of liposomal forms of curcumin and resveratrol significantly decreased prostatic adenocarcinoma in vivo (p < 0.001). In vitro studies revealed that curcumin plus resveratrol effectively inhibit cell growth and induced apoptosis. Molecular targets activated due to the loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) including p‐Akt, cyclin D1, mammalian target of rapamycin and AR were downregulated by these agents in combination. Findings from this study for the first time provide evidence on phytochemicals in combination to enhance chemopreventive efficacy in prostate cancer. These findings clearly suggest that phytochemicals in combination may reduce prostate cancer incidence due to the loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. © 2009 UICC
Implications of incomplete registration of deaths on long‐term survival estimates from population‐based cancer registries
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Hakulinen Timo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInternational comparison of population‐based cancer survival is a key component of monitoring progress against cancer. Its validity depends to an unknown degree on completeness of ascertainment of deaths in the cancer registries involved which may vary according to legal and administrative circumstances. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of incomplete registration of deaths through various mechanisms on the validity of long‐term absolute and relative survival estimates. For that purpose, we simulated underascertainment of deaths through linkage failure of registry data with death certificates with probabilities between 0.1 and 5%, and underascertainment of deaths by unregistered annual emigration with probabilities between 0.05 and 2%, using data from the Finnish Cancer Registry. The expected impact on estimates of 5‐, 10‐ and 15‐year absolute and relative survival was assessed. We demonstrate that even modest levels of under‐registration of deaths may lead to severe overestimation of long‐term survival estimates, ranging from 0 to 31 percent units in the scenarios assessed. In general, relative survival is much more affected than absolute survival, and potential problems are much larger for relative survival estimates in older compared with younger patients. Potential overestimation strongly increases with length of follow‐up, and this increase is particularly pronounced for under‐registration of deaths because of unrecorded emigration. Every effort should be made in cancer registry based survival analyses to ascertain deaths with close to 100% completeness. When such completeness cannot be achieved, long‐term relative survival estimates and their comparison across populations must be interpreted with much caution. © 2009 UICC
A new pulsed electric field therapy for melanoma disrupts the tumor's blood supply and causes complete remission without recurrence
Authors: Nuccitelli Richard , Chen Xinhua , Pakhomov Andrei G. , Baldwin Wallace H. , Sheikh Saleh , Pomicter Jennifer L. , Ren Wei , Osgood Christopher , Swanson R. James , Kolb Juergen F. , Beebe Stephen J. , Schoenbach Karl H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe have discovered a new, ultrafast therapy for treating skin cancer that is extremely effective with a total electric field exposure time of only 180 μsec. The application of 300 high‐voltage (40 kV/cm), ultrashort (300 nsec) electrical pulses to murine melanomas in vivo triggers both necrosis and apoptosis, resulting in complete tumor remission within an average of 47 days in the 17 animals treated. None of these melanomas recurred during a 4‐month period after the initial melanoma had disappeared. These pulses generate small, long‐lasting, rectifying nanopores in the plasma membrane of exposed cells, resulting in increased membrane permeability to small molecules and ions, as well as an increase in intracellular Ca2+, DNA fragmentation, disruption of the tumor's blood supply and the initiation of apoptosis. Apoptosis was indicated by a 3‐fold increase in Bad labeling and a 72% decrease in Bcl‐2 labeling. In addition, microvessel density within the treated tumors fell by 93%. This new therapy utilizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields has the advantages of highly localized targeting of tumor cells and a total exposure time of only 180 μsec. These pulses penetrate into the interior of every tumor cell and initiate DNA fragmentation and apoptosis while at the same time reducing blood flow to the tumor. This new physical tumor therapy is drug free, highly localized, uses low energy, has no significant side effects and results in very little scarring. © 2009 UICC
Copy number gain and oncogenic activity of YWHAZ/14‐3‐3ζ in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Mauting , Morrison Carl D. , Jones Susie , Mohamed Nehad , Bacher Jason , Plass Christoph 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGene amplification, a common mechanism for oncogene activation in cancers, has been used in the discovery of novel oncogenes. Low‐level copy number gains are frequently observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) where numerous amplification events and potential oncogenes have already been reported. Recently, we applied restriction landmark genome scanning to study gene amplifications in HNSCC and located novel and uncharacterized regions in primary tumor samples. Gain on chromosome 8q22.3, the location of YWHAZ (14‐3‐3ζ), is found in 30–40% HNSCC cases. Data obtained from fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on HNSCC tissue microarrays confirmed frequent low‐level YWHAZ copy number gain and protein overexpression. YWHAZ mRNA was frequently upregulated in patients' tumor tissues. Furthermore, YWHAZ RNAi significantly suppressed the growth rate of HNSCC cell lines, and overexpression of YWHAZ in HaCaT immortalized human skin keratinocytes promotes overgrowth, as well as morphological changes. Reduced YWHAZ levels increased the G1/G0‐phase proportion, decreased the S‐phase proportion and the rate of DNA synthesis. Based on this evidence, we suggest that YWHAZ is a candidate proto‐oncogene and deserves further investigation into its role in HNSCC carcinogenesis. © 2009 UICC
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and overexpression upregulated fibroblast growth factor‐9 in human lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wang Chien‐Kai , Chang Han , Chen Po‐Hung , Chang Jinghua Tsai , Kuo Yu‐Chun , Ko Jiunn‐Liang , Lin Pinpin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe had previously reported that aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) are overexpressed in lung adenocarcinomas. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an AhR agonist, increased FGF‐9 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Similarly, several AhR agonists increased FGF‐9 mRNA levels, and BaP‐induced FGF‐9 expression was prevented by cotreatment with AhR antagonist in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, AhR agonists increased transcriptional activity of FGF‐9 promoter. Modulation of AhR expressionviaRNA interference or transient overexpression respectively reduced or increased both constitutive and BaP‐induced FGF‐9 expression in human lung cells. These results suggested that AhR activation and overexpression increased FGF‐9 expression in lung cells. FGF‐9 increased growth of lung fibroblasts but not that of lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, conditioned media collected from FGF‐9‐treated fibroblasts increased cell growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, lung adenocarcinoma cells expressed FGF receptor 2 and cotreatment with anti‐FGF receptor 2 prevented the interaction between fibroblasts and tumor cells. It is likely that FGF‐9‐stimulated fibroblasts secreted unknown factors, which activated FGF receptor 2 and subsequently promoted growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We further compared AhR and FGF‐9 expression in 146 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases by immunohistochemistry. FGF‐9 expression was more common in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, FGF‐9 and AhR expression were well correlated in lung adenocarcinomas. These results suggest that AhR expression correlated positively with FGF‐9 expression in lung adenocarcinomas, which might promote tumor growth by modulating communication between tumor cells and fibroblasts. Preventing AhR overexpression or disturbing FGF‐9 function may reduce the development of lung adenocarcinomas. © 2009 UICC
Methoxychlor‐induced alteration in the levels of HSP70 and clusterin is accompanied with oxidative stress in adult rat testis
Authors: Vaithinathan S. , Saradha B. , Mathur P. P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMethoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, has been reported to induce abnormalities in male reproductive tract. However, the insight into the mechanisms of gonadal toxicity induced by methoxychlor is not well known. We investigated whether treatment with methoxychlor would alter the levels of stress proteins, heat shock proteins (HSP), and clusterin (CLU), and oxidative stress‐related parameters in the testis of adult male rats. Animals were exposed to a single dose of methoxychlor (50 mg/kg body weight) orally and were terminated at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h) using anesthetic ether. The levels of HSP70, CLU, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated in a 10% testis homogenate. A sequential reduction in the activities of catalase and SOD with concomitant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was observed. These changes elicited by methoxychlor were very significant between 6–12 h of posttreatment. Immunoblot analysis of HSP revealed the expression of HSP72, an inducible form of HSP, at certain time points (3–24 h) following exposure to methoxychlor. Similarly, the levels of secretory CLU (sCLU) were also found to be elevated between 3–24 h of treatment. The present data demonstrate methoxychlor‐elicited increase in the levels of inducible HSP72 and sCLU, which could be a part of protective mechanism mounted to reduce cellular oxidative damage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:29–35, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20262
Molecular mechanism of diallyl disulfide in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT‐116 colon cancer cells
Authors: Song Ju‐Dong , Lee Sang Kwon , Kim Kang Mi , Park Si Eun , Park Sung‐Joo , Kim Koan Hoi , Ahn Soon Cheol , Park Young Chul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDiallyl disulfide (DADS) is the most prevalent oil‐soluble sulfur compound in garlic and inhibits cell proliferation in many cancer cell lines. Here we examined DADS cytotoxicity in a redox‐mediated process, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the present study, p53‐independent cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase was observed with DADS treatment, along with time‐dependent increase of cyclin B1. In addition, apoptosis was also observed upon 24‐h DADS treatment accompanied by activation of p53. In HCT‐116 cells, DADS application induced a dose‐dependent increase and time‐dependent changes in ROS production. Scavenging of DADS‐induced ROS by N‐acetyl cysteine or reduced glutathione inhibited cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and p53 activation by DADS. These results suggest that ROS trigger the DADS‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and that ROS are involved in stress‐induced signaling upstream of p53 activation. Transfection of p53 small interfering RNA prevents the accumulation of cleaved poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase and sub‐G1 cell population by 65% and 35%, respectively. Moreover, DADS‐induced apoptosis was also prevented by treatment with oligomycin, which is known to prevent p53‐dependent apoptosis by reducing ROS levels in mitochondria. These results suggest that mitochondrial ROS may serve as second messengers in DADS‐induced apoptosis, which requires activation of p53. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:71–79, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20266
The intracellular distribution of the ES cell totipotent markers OCT4 and Sox2 in adult stem cells differs dramatically according to commercial antibody used
Authors: Zuk Patricia A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo characterize ES cells, researchers have at their disposal a list of pluripotent markers, such as OCT4. In their quest to determine if adult stem cell populations, such as MSCs and ASCs, are pluripotent, several groups have begun to report the expression of these markers in these cells. Consistent with this, human ASCs (hASCs) are shown in this study to express a plethora of ES pluripotent markers at the gene and protein level, including OCT4, Sox2, and Nanog. When intracellular distribution is examined in hASCs, both OCT4 and Sox2 are expressed within the nuclei of hASCs, consistent with their expression patterns in ES cells. However, a significant amount of expression can be noted within the hASC cytoplasm and a complete absence of nuclear expression is observed for Nanog. Recent descriptions of OCT4 transcript variants may explain the cytoplasmic expression of OCT4 in hASCs and consistent with this, hASCs do express both the OCT4A and 4B transcript variants at the gene level. However, discrepancies arise when these three pluripotent markers are studied at the protein level. Specifically, distinct differences in intracellular expression patterns were noted for OCT4, Sox2, and Nanog from commercial antibody to commercial antibody. These antibody discrepancies persisted when hMSCs and rat ASCs and MSCs were examined. Therefore, confirming the expression of OCT4, Sox2, and Nanog in adult stem cells with today's commercial antibodies must be carefully considered before the designation of pluripotent can be granted. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 867–877, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The reaction of (chlorocarbonyl)phenyl ketene with enaminones: A novel synthesis of some 5‐acyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐(1H)‐pyridinones and 7‐hydroxy‐5‐oxo‐1,4‐diazepin derivative
Authors: Abaszadeh Mehdi , Sheibani Hassan , Saidi Kazem 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of substituted 5‐acyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐(1H)‐pyridinone derivatives has been prepared in a one‐step procedure from condensation of (chlorocarbonyl)phenyl ketene with some enaminones which were prepared from 1,3‐diketones, such as 2,4‐pentanedione, 1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione, and ethyl acetoacetate in boiling toluene as a solvent. A mechanism is presented to account for the formation of the products. The overall sequence provides a simple and efficient route to prepare 3,4,5,6‐tetrasubstituted 2‐(1H)‐pyridinone in good to excellent yields and in a short experimental time. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of isoxazoles in ionic liquid
Authors: Valizadeh Hassan , Amiri Mohammad , Gholipur Hamid 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of 3,5‐disubstitueted isoxazoles from β‐diketones in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is described. Compared with the classical reaction conditions, this new synthetic method is environmentally friendly and has the advantages of recyclability of IL and very good to excellent yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Avoiding Disulfides: Improvement of Initiation and End‐Capping Reactions in the Synthesis of Polysulfide Block Copolymers
Authors: Wang Lei , Kilcher Giona , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn episulfide polymerisation, the exchange between thiols and disulfides results in a chain transfer, which may compromise the control over molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Self‐assemblable polysulfide structures have found promising applications as bionanomaterials (responsive nanoparticles or vesicles, surface films, etc.), but the necessary precise molecular control may indeed be jeopardised by the presence of disulfides. We here discuss in depth the role of disulfides as chain transfer agents and present some robust solutions, aiming at minimising the presence of disulfides and optimising synthetic procedures.magnified image
A Highly Active Iron‐Based Catalyst System for the AGET ATRP of Styrene
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Lü Yueting , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene using activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP) has been carried out in bulk in a limited amount of air at 110 °C, using 1,3,5‐(2′‐bromo‐2′‐methylpropionato)benzene (BMPB) as an initiator and FeCl3 · 6H2O/tris(3,6‐dioxaheptyl) amine (TDA‐1)/ascorbic acid (VC) as a novel FeIII‐mediated catalyst system. The results of the polymerizations demonstrate the features of ‘living’/controlled free‐radical polymerization, such as the number‐average molecular weights being close to their corresponding theoretical values and increasing linearly with monomer conversion, and narrow molecular weight distributions ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.18–1.26). The end functionality of the obtained polymers was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra as well as a chain‐extension reaction.magnified image