bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of AZ12320927 labeled with H‐3, C‐14, and H‐2
Authors: Elmore Charles S. , Powell Mark E. , Heys J. Richard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn support of a program to develop a treatment for depression, three isotopically labeled forms of the 5‐HT1B antagonist AZ12320927 were synthesized. A tritium labeled version was synthesized for autoradiography using Ir‐catalyzed hydrogen–tritium exchange. A C‐14 labeled version was prepared for use in metabolism studies in four‐steps from [u‐14C]p‐nitrophenol. A stable isotope labeled version was synthesized for use as an internal standard for LC/MS/MS quantitation in two steps from chromenone 1. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potassium channels are involved in zinc‐induced apoptosis in MES23.5 cells
Authors: Shi Limin , Song Ning , Jiang Hong , Wang Jun , Ma Zegang , Xie Junxia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThere is evidence that zinc may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease by an apoptotic pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying zinc‐induced apoptosis are unknown. Previous studies showed that 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐enhanced potassium channels are involved in apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Our study was designed to test whether zinc‐induced apoptosis was mediated by potassium channels. First we demonstrated cell apoptosis with zinc treatment by Hoechst staining assay. The results showed that 13.38% ± 0.6% of MES23.5 cells were apoptotic after 24 hr of incubation with 60 μM zinc sulfate. Then we observed that the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression and the dopamine content decreased, as detected by Western blots and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrochemical detection (HPLC‐ECD). We further elucidated the mechanism of cell apoptosis by using whole‐cell patch clamp recording. The data demonstrated that MES23.5 cells exhibited a tetraethylammonium (TEA)‐sensitive outward K+ current with delayed rectifier characteristics. Increases of K+ current density were recorded following the treatment with 60 μM zinc for 4–8 hr. After incubation with 20 mM TEA, the zinc‐induced enhancement of K+ currents was fully blocked. Furthermore, incubation with TEA blocked zinc‐mediated caspase‐3 activation and cell apoptosis. These data suggest that zinc‐induced apoptosis of MES23.5 dopaminergic cells may due to the enhancement of TEA‐sensitive K+ channel activity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of biodegradability of lubricants by biodegradation accelerants
Authors: Chen Boshui , Fang Jianhua , Dong Ling , Sun Xia , Wang Jiu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe influence of a phosphor–nitrogen modified fatty acid, an amide fatty acid and tributyl phosphate, on biodegradation of a mineral oil and a high‐viscosity polyalphaolefin (PAO‐10) was studied. The results indicate that the phosphorous and nitrogenous compounds as biodegradation accelerants greatly promote biodegradation of unreadily biodegradable mineral oil and PAO‐10, due to the activation of enzymes in the body of microbes and the microbial growth of specific microbes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide microRNA expression profiling in renal cell carcinoma: significant down‐regulation of miR‐141 and miR‐200c
Authors: Nakada C , Matsuura K , Tsukamoto Y , Tanigawa M , Yoshimoto T , Narimatsu T , Nguyen LT , Hijiya N , Uchida T , Sato F , Mimata H , Seto M , Moriyama M 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe investigated expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) in renal cell carcinoma [clear cell carcinomas (CCC) and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChCC)] and in normal kidneys by using a miRNA microarray platform which covers a total of 470 human miRNAs (Sanger miRBase release 9.1). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that CCC and ChCC were separable and that no subgroups were identified in CCCs. We found that 43 miRNAs were differentially expressed between CCC and normal kidney, of which 37 were significantly down‐regulated in CCC and the other 6 were up‐regulated. We also found that 57 miRNAs were differentially expressed between ChCC and normal kidney, of which 51 were significantly down‐regulated in ChCC and the other 6 were up‐regulated. Together, these observations indicate that expression of miRNAs tends to be down‐regulated in both CCC and ChCC compared with normal kidney. We observed that miR‐141 and miR‐200c were the most significantly down‐regulated miRNAs in CCCs. Indeed, in all cases of CCC analysed, both miR‐141 and miR‐200c were down‐regulated in comparison with normal kidney. Microarray data and quantitative RT–PCR showed that these two miRNAs were expressed concordantly. TargetScan algorithm revealed that ZFHX1B mRNA is a hypothetical target of both miR‐141 and ‐200c. We established by quantitative RT–PCR that, in CCCs in which miR‐141 and miR‐200c were down‐regulated, ZFHX1B, a transcriptional repressor for CDH1/E‐cadherin, tended to be up‐regulated. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of miR‐141 and miR‐200c caused down‐regulation of ZFHX1B and up‐regulation of E‐cadherin in two renal carcinoma cell lines, ACHN and 786‐O. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that down‐regulation of miR‐141 and miR‐200c in CCCs might be involved in suppression of CDH1/E‐cadherin transcription via up‐regulation of ZFHX1B. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy on MoSI nanowires
Authors: Gadermaier Christoph , Kusar Primoz , Vengust Damjan , Mihailovic Dragan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe studied the electron relaxation of MoSI nanowire thin films via femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. The obtained spectra show a combination of absorption bleaching and a structured excited state absorption. A relaxation behaviour involving three characteristic time scales is found and discussed in the framework of previously published band‐structure calculations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ex‐situ synthesized nickel nanoparticles for multi‐walled carbon nanotube growth on high aspect ratio substrates
Authors: Ansaldo Alberto , George Chandramohan , Parodi Maria Teresa , Zitti Ermanno Di , Roth Siegmar , Ricci Davide 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn ink made from ex‐situ synthesized nickel nanoparticles suspended in hexane is proposed as catalyst for the growth of carbon nanotubes onto high aspect ratio surfaces. The functionality of the ink as precursor has been at first checked onto standard flat surfaces such as silicon oxide onto a silicon wafer, were thick mats of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes have been obtained from ink droplets on the surface. Tungsten electrodes, made from thin wires that have been electrochemically etched to produce sharpened tips, have been treated by dip‐coating using the same nanoparticle ink. On such samples, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes have been grown directly on the metal surface with different surface coverage depending on the nickel nanoparticle concentration in the ink. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic percolation of carbon nanotube agglomerates in a polymer matrix: comparison of different model approaches
Authors: Alig I. , Skipa T. , Lellinger D. , Bierdel M. , Meyer H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA series of samples with different content of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (0.5‐7.5 wt%) in polycarbonate was investigated by electrical conductivity measurements. During isothermal annealing of the as‐produced samples in the melt state an increase of the conductivity with time was observed. A similar conductivity recovery was found after a short shear deformation of the melt. The time‐dependent transition from insulating to conductive state is explained by dynamic formation of a conductive network of interconnected carbon nanotube agglomerates. The conductive networks were found to be stable after cooling the samples below their glass transition temperature. Comparison of the room temperature conductivity plotted vs. nanotube content for as‐produced and annealed samples shows a tremendous shift of the insulator‐conductor transition from above 5 wt% to about 0.75 wt%, respectively. For the description of the insulator‐conductor transition three different approaches were tested: classical percolation, general effective medium model (GEM), and Fournier equation. All three models fit the data satisfactory. Dynamic percolation was described by the GEM model coupled to a kinetic equation for CNT agglomeration. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of environmental effects on the optical transition energies and radial breathing mode frequency of single wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Araujo P. T. , Jorio A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the environmental effects on the radial breathing mode (RBM) spectra of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs). We have shown that the environmental effect on the radial breathing mode frequencies can be explained by Van‐der‐Waals interactions. We here explore these interactions concerning its (n,m) dependence and curvature effects. Furthermore, most of the optical transition energies available in the literature (ELit.ii ) are downshiftedwith respect to the optical transition energies for super‐growth (S.G.) tubes (ES.G.ii ). The effect on transition energies can be understood considering the effect of the dielectric constant of the medium in the excitonic optical transition. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oxidation induced shifts of Raman modes of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Spudat Christian , Meyer Carola , Schneider Claus M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe investigate the influence of different oxidation methods on carbon nanotubes by Raman spectroscopy and HR‐TEM. Besides the known D/G ratio as a sign for amorphous carbon and defects, we observe an oxidation induced shift of the D* mode. As in previous experiments, the D* mode is found to be of higher intensity than the D mode and might be an alternative characterizing the quality and properties of individual CNTs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical detection of coherent spin pair oscillations in ZnPc devices
Authors: Schaefer S. , Saremi S. , Fostiropoulos K. , Behrends J. , Lips K. , Harneit W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe investigated the organic device ITO/ZnPc/Al with continuous wave and pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance (cw‐EDMR/p‐EDMR). Resonant microwave absorption of the sample leads to current changes that can be explained by the theory of spin dependent recombination of localized spin carriers. The coherent spin motion during the microwave pulse shows two frequency components, which can be attributed to spin pairs with large and small Larmor separation. This is supported by the analysis of the cw‐EDMR spectrum, when taking into account exchange coupling between the spin pair partners. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diameter selectivity of nanotube sidewall functionalization probed by optical spectroscopy
Authors: Pekker Áron , Wunderlich David , Kamarás Katalin , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present wide range optical spectroscopic measurements on sidewall functionalized HiPCO nanotubes. In the near infrared spectrum the peaks show fine structure where the separate peaks are related to nanotubes with different diameters. This gives us the opportunity to investigate the possible diameter dependence of the functionalization efficiency.We measured nanotube samples functionalized with butyl sidegroups in a wide frequency range, in the form of self‐supporting thin films. From the transmission spectrum optical conductivity was calculated by Kramers‐Kronig transformation and fitted by Drude – Lorentz oscillators. Comparing the results we show that the nanotubes with smaller diameters are affected more easily by functionalization. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DoE in engine development
Authors: Röpke Karsten , von Essen Carsten 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStricter legal emission limits and increasing customer expectations lead to a growing number of controllable engine components and thus to a higher engine control complexity. For engine development, however, this means much greater time and effort is required to find the optimal combination of all selectable parameters. This trend can be observed in the field of Gasoline as well as for Diesel engines. At the same time, the development time from the first idea up to the introduction of a new production engine has become even shorter, and the costs have to be reduced. Since the number of measuring points required for complete operational‐test measurements rises exponentially with the number of input variables, it is quite obvious that full factorial measurements are no longer possible. Therefore the method ‘Design of Experiments’ (DoE) is widely accepted as a suitable tool in the automotive sector and among its suppliers. In the meantime the term ‘DoE’/‘DoE‐Process’ covers often also the measurement procedure and the modeling. Likewise, this method is broadly applied in the IAV (author's note: IAV is a German provider of engineering services to the automotive industry) during the advanced development stage up to the production engine applications. Whereas DoE is used mainly in the area of steady‐state applications recent research work shows a great potential also to optimize transient engine behavior. This paper will give an overview about the usage of statistical methods (mainly Design of Experiments) in the production engine calibration. ‘Engine calibration’ is the term for finding the optimal settings of the engine controller unit; optimal in terms of minimal emissions, minimal fuel consumption, good drivability and other brand specific goals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete mixtures of kernels for Kriging‐based optimization
Authors: Ginsbourger David , Helbert Céline , Carraro Laurent 
Published: August 2008

AbstractKriging‐based exploration strategies often rely on a single Kriging model whose parametric covariance kernel is selected a priori or on the basis of an initial data set. As choosing an unadapted kernel can radically harm the results, we wish to reduce the risk of model misspecification. Here, we consider the simultaneous use of multiple kernels within Kriging. We give the equations of discrete mixtures of Kriging and derive a multikernel version of the expected improvement optimization criterion. We finally provide an illustration of the efficient global optimization algorithm with mixed exponential and Gaussian kernels, where the parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood and the mixing weights are likelihood ratios. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contributions on Thermal Behaviour and Crystal Chemistry of Anhydrous Phosphates. XXXXI [1]. Refinement of the Superstructure of FeTi4(PO4)6 – An Example of a Highly Ordered Member of the NASICON Structure Family
Authors: Schöneborn M. , Glaum R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSingle crystals of NASICON type phosphates Mn1.65TiIII/IV4(PO4)6 (black), FeTi4(PO4)6 (orange‐red) and CoTi4(PO4)6 (lavender colour) were grown by chemical vapour transport. The crystal structures of Mn1.65Ti4(PO4)6 and FeTi4(PO4)6 were refined from single crystal data. For the first time a superstructure for a NASICON type phosphate of general formula AIIBIV4(PO4)6 is observed and successfully refined (FeTi4(PO4)6 [data for Mn1.65Ti4(PO4)6 in brackets] rhombohedral, R32 [R3], Z = 6 (3), a = 8.5164(8) [8.5575(17)]Å, c = 41.852(6) [20.898(5)]Å, R1 = 0.053 [0.025], wR2 = 0.136 [0.061], 2598 [1261] independent reflections, 109 [59] variables). For FeTi4(PO4)6 a structure with a highly ordered cation distribution among the octahedral voids and crystal chemical reasonable interatomic distances (2.18 ≤ d(FeII‐O) ≤ 2.20) results. SXRD investigations on CoTi4(PO4)6 reveal also the presence of a superstructure along the NASICON c‐axis (c′= 5cNASICON). A new description of the NASICON structure based on group‐subgroup considerations shows its close relationship to the NiAs structure (3 x NiAs ⇒ 3 x AX ⇒ AB2(XO4)3 ⇒ □AB4(XO4)6).
Hydrogen‐bonding Stabilization in Energetic Perchlorate Salts: 5‐Amino‐1H‐tetrazolium Perchlorate and its Adduct with 5‐Amino‐1H‐tetrazole
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Sabaté Carles Miró , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: August 2008

AbstractProtonation of 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole (5‐At) with concentrated perchloric acid in water rendered 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazolium perchlorate (1), in good yield and purity, or an adduct of 1 with 5‐At (2) depending on the experimental conditions used. 1 was more conveniently prepared by metathesis of 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazolium bromide (3) with anhydrous silver perchlorate in alcoholic solution. Both perchlorate salts were characterized by NMR, Raman and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Additionally, the crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X‐ray diffraction techniques. Both salts crystallize in monoclinic cells in the space group P21/n (1: a = 5.3691(6), b = 7.8470(6), c = 15.2770(13) Å, β = 91.381(8)°, V = 643.45(10) Å3, Z = 4, ö = 1.915 g cm–3, R1 = 0.0403 (F > 4σ(F)), wR2 (all data) = 0.0977 and 2: a = 5.2615(1), b = 8.5311(2), c = 21.4870(4) Å, β = 96.127(1)°, V = 958.96(3) Å3, Z = 4, ö = 1.874 g cm–3, R1 = 0.0330 (F > 4σ(F)), wR2 (all data) = 0.0890). Lastly, the energetic properties of 1 and 2 were assessed. With an impact (i) and friction (f) sensitivitiy of 1.5 J and 8 N, respectively, and a sensitivity of 0.1 J against electrical discharge (ESD) perchlorate 1 is a powerful primary explosive, whereas the presence of a second tetrazole ring in 2 makes it a very stable compound (i = 22 J, f = 260 N, ESD = 0.4 J).
Dimanganese Bridging Borylene Complexes and their Reactions with Unsaturated Palladium(0) Complexes – Syntheses, Structures and Calculated Properties
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Burzler Michael , Dewhurst Rian D. , Radacki Krzysztof , Seeler Fabian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe dimanganese bridging borylene complex [μ‐BMes {(η5‐C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2}2] was synthesized from Mes(Cl)BB(Cl)Mes and K[(η5‐C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2H] at low temperature, providing a small sample after manual separation of crystals, allowing a perfunctory spectroscopic analysis, but affording conclusive X‐ray crystallographic structural data. The trimetallic bridging borylene complex [(μ3‐BCl){{(η5‐C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2} {Pd(PCy3)}2}] was prepared by the addition of [Pd(PCy3)2] to a solution of [μ‐BCl{(η5‐C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2}2], affording pure crystals that were fully characterised including X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The structure is reconciled with detailed theoretical analysis for related model complexes, [(μ3‐BX){{(η5‐C5H5)Mn(CO)2}{Pd(PMe3)}2}] (X = Me, Cl).
The Crystal Structures of Trimethylphosphane supported Nickel‐ and Cobalt‐Methyl Complexes: Octahedral mer‐cis‐[CoIIII(CH3)2(PMe3)3] and Square Planar trans‐[NiIICl(CH3)(PMe3)2]
Authors: Beck Robert , Klein Hans‐Friedrich 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSingle crystals of octahedral mer‐cis‐[CoIIII(CH3)2(PMe3)3] (1) and square planar trans‐[NiIICl(CH3)(PMe3)2] (2), were obtained from solvent mixtures (methylcylohexane / pentane 1:1) and have been analyzed by X‐ray crystallography for the first time.
Ligand Exchange Processes on Solvated Beryllium Cations. IV [Be(H2O)2(imidazole‐based Chelate)]1)
Authors: Puchta Ralph , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe water exchange reaction of [Be(H2O)2(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate)] and [Be(H2O)2(1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐4,5‐dicarboxylate)]+ in water was studied by DFT calculations (RB3LYP/6‐311+G**) and identified as an associative interchange mechanism. The activation barriers for [Be(H2O)2(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate)] (16.6 kcal/mol) and [Be(H2O)2(1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐4,5‐dicarboxylate)]+ (13.8 kcal/mol) are similar to the barrier for [Be(H2O)4)]2+ and independent of the overall charge. NICS calculations show no indication that the aromaticity of the imidazole ring is affected during the water exchange process.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Brucite Type Copper Hydroxide Squarate [Cu3(OH)2(C4O4)]·4H2O
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHerein we report synthesis of a new brucite type copper hydroxide squarate, Cu3(OH)2(C4O4)2·4H2O [P21/c, a = 5.6437(4) Å, b = 12.8357(9) Å, c = 9.1507(6) Å, β = 95.892(1)° and Z = 2] by hydrothermal method, and its characterization by single crystal diffraction analysis as well as by IR spectroscopy. The rather wide spread of Cu–O bond lengths, can be primarily rationalised by the Jahn‐Teller effect, and secondarily by the connectivities of the CuO6 octahedra.
Negative bias in fast emotion discrimination in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Dyck M. , Habel U. , Slodczyk J. , Schlummer J. , Backes V. , Schneider F. , Reske M. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundThe ability to decode emotional information from facial expressions is crucial for successful social interaction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by serious problems in interpersonal relationships and emotional functioning. Empirical research on facial emotion recognition in BPD has been sparsely published and results are inconsistent. To specify emotion recognition deficits in BPD more closely, the present study implemented two emotion recognition tasks differing in response format.MethodNineteen patients with BPD and 19 healthy subjects were asked to evaluate the emotional content of visually presented stimuli (emotional and neutral faces). The first task, the Fear Anger Neutral (FAN) Test, required a rapid discrimination between negative or neutral facial expressions whereas in the second task, the Emotion Recognition (ER) Test, a precise decision regarding default emotions (sadness, happiness, anger, fear and neutral) had to be achieved without a time limit.ResultsIn comparison to healthy subjects, BPD patients showed a deficit in emotion recognition only in the fast discrimination of negative and neutral facial expressions (FAN Test). Consistent with earlier findings, patients demonstrated a negative bias in the evaluation of neutral facial expressions. When processing time was unlimited (ER Test), BPD patients performed as well as healthy subjects in the recognition of specific emotions. In addition, an association between performance in the fast discrimination task (FAN Test) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-morbidity was indicated.ConclusionsOur data suggest a selective deficit of BPD patients in rapid and direct discrimination of negative and neutral emotional expressions that may underlie difficulties in social interactions.
EMBEDDINGS IN COSET MONOIDS
Authors: EAST JAMES 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA submonoid S of a monoid M is said to be cofull if it contains the group of units of M. We extract from the work of Easdown, East and FitzGerald (2002) a sufficient condition for a monoid to embed as a cofull submonoid of the coset monoid of its group of units, and show further that this condition is necessary. This yields a simple description of the class of finite monoids which embed in the coset monoids of their group of units. We apply our results to give a simple proof of the result of McAlister [D. B. McAlister, ‘Embedding inverse semigroups in coset semigroups’, Semigroup Forum20 (1980), 255–267] which states that the symmetric inverse semigroup on a finite set X does not embed in the coset monoid of the symmetric group on X. We also explore examples, which are necessarily infinite, of embeddings whose images are not cofull.