bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of financing for church social projects in the second half of the 19th century: Kursk diocesan orphanage
Authors: Залога И.В. 
Published: April 2024

актуальность темы исследования вызвана необходимостью комплексного изучения региональной системы церковной социальной помощи. В статье ставится цель исследовать историю социальной деятельности и благотворительности Русской Православной Церкви во второй половине XIX века. Для достижения поставленной цели были определены следующие задачи: рассмотреть историю появления Курского епархиального приюта для сирот; проанализировать участие духовенства и мирян в приобретении земельного участка и ремонте зданий и сооружений; охарактеризовать источники денежных средств для уставной деятельности приюта. Хронологические рамки исследования охватывают период с 1861 года по 1873 год. Нижняя граница обусловлена датой появления идеи об учреждении в епархии приюта для сирот и первого пожертвования. Верхняя – итогами семилетней деятельности после официального открытия Курского епархиального приюта для сирот и вдов духовного звания. Источниковая база исследования представлена материалами Государственного архива Курской области и обширными материалами официального церковного периодического издания – «Курские епархиальные ведомости». Исследование может содействовать восстановлению Православной церковью всей исторической полноты своего социального служения. Материалы статьи могут быть также использованы в создании учебников и учебных пособий, спецкурсов по вопросам истории и благотворительности церкви, отечественной региональной социальной работы, государственно-конфессиональных отношений.
the relevance of the research topic is caused by the need for a comprehensive study of the regional system of church social assistance. The article aims to explore the history of social activity and charity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the XIX century. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: to consider the history of the Kursk diocesan orphanage; to analyze the participation of clergy and laity in the acquisition of land and repair of buildings and structures; to characterize the sources of funds for the statutory activities of the orphanage. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from 1861 to 1873. The lower limit is determined by the date of the idea of establishing an orphanage in the diocese and the first donation. The upper one is the result of seven years of activity after the official opening of the Kursk diocesan orphanage for orphans and widows of the clergy. The source base of the research is represented by the materials of the State Archive of the Kursk region and extensive materials of the official church periodical – Kursk Diocesan Gazette. The research can contribute to the restoration by the Orthodox Church of the full historical completeness of its social ministry. The materials of the article can also be used in the creation of textbooks and teaching aids, special courses on the history and charity of the church, national regional social work, state-confessional relations.
Esoteric content of regional newspapers of the Tyumen region in 1989-1999
Authors: Деминцев М.С. 
Published: April 2024

автором исследуется эзотерический контент периодических изданий (газет) 22 районов Тюменской области. Актуальность исследования обусловлена нарастанием интереса к сфере эзотерики в современной России. Для лучшего понимания данного феномена, автор обращается к историческому прецеденту, а именно переломному периоду истории России (1989-1999) гг. В исследовании применяются методы контент-анализа, что позволило выявить неоднородный по содержанию массив эзотерической информации. Структурно эзотерическая информация распадается на ряд условных тематических групп объединенных особой спецификой. В статье уделяется внимание анализу форм и способов трансляции выявленного материала. Статистически установлено, что в публикации статей на эзотерическую тематику прослеживается определенная динамика, возрастания и убывания частотности публикуемых статей, дается интерпретация данного явления. Делается заключение о характере и масштабах влияния эзотерического контента на массовое сознание населения районов Тюменской области. На основании исследования, автор приходит к выводу, что с середины 1990-ых годов в газетных публикациях наблюдается снижение количества статей на эзотерическую тематику. К концу 1990-ых годов фактически повсеместно в районных газетах Тюменской области происходит замещение эзотерического контента дискурсом, ориентированным на традиционно духовные ценности.
the author explores the esoteric content of periodicals (newspapers) of 22 districts of the Tyumen region. The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest in the field of esotericism in modern Russia. For a better understanding of this phenomenon, the author refers to a historical precedent, namely the turning point in the history of Russia (1989-1999). The research uses methods of content analysis, which made it possible to identify an array of esoteric information that is heterogeneous in content. Structurally, esoteric information is divided into a number of conditional thematic groups united by special specifics. The article focuses on the analysis of the forms and methods of translation of the identified material. It has been statistically established that in the publication of articles on esoteric subjects, a certain dynamics is traced, the frequency of published articles increases and decreases, and an interpretation of this phenomenon is given. The conclusion is made about the nature and extent of the influence of esoteric content on the mass consciousness of the population of the districts of the Tyumen region. Based on the research, the author concludes that since the mid-1990s, there has been a decrease in the number of articles on esoteric topics in newspaper publications. By the end of the 1990s, virtually everywhere in the district newspapers of the Tyumen Region, esoteric content was being replaced by a discourse focused on traditionally spiritual values.
Formation of railway network in Kaluga province at turn of century: socio-economic aspect
Authors: Штепа А.В. , Кукушкин В.М. 
Published: April 2024

в условиях больших расстояний исторически в России огромное значение приобретали пути сообщения. С развитием научно-технического прогресса появляется новый вид транспорта – железная дорога. Особое внимание данной сфере начинает уделяться в конце 1850-х гг., после завершения неудачной для России Крымской войны. С 1860-х гг. в связи с активным привлечением инвестиций в отрасль на основе государственно-частного партнёрства начинается активное строительство стальных магистралей, позже получившее в историографии название «железнодорожный бум». Цель работы: на основании литературы и источников выяснить роль железной дороги в социально-экономическом развитии г. Калуги и Калужской губернии в целом. Этой цели соответствуют несколько задач исследования: 1. Выяснить причины появления железной дороги и управления в Калуге. 2. Выявить влияние железнодорожного строительства на социальную инфраструктуру города и губернии. 3. Составить хронологию появления железной дороги в городе и губернии. Авторы настоящей статьи путём анализа имеющейся исторической литературы и привлечения сведений из источников раскрывают влияние железнодорожного транспорта на жизнь провинции Российской империи на примере Калужской губернии.
in conditions of long distances, historically in Russia, communication routes have acquired great importance. With the development of scientific and technological progress, a new type of transport appears - the railway. Special attention to this area began to be paid in the late 1850s, after the end of the unsuccessful Crimean War for Russia. Since the 1860s, in connection with the active attraction of investments in the industry on the basis of public-private partnership, the active construction of steel highways began, later called the "railway boom" in historiography. The purpose of the work: on the basis of literature and sources to find out the role of the railway in the socio-economic development of Kaluga and Kaluga province as a whole. Several research objectives correspond to this goal: 1. To find out the reasons for the appearance of the railway and management in Kaluga. 2. To identify the impact of railway construction on the social infrastructure of the city and province. 3. Make a chronology of the appearance of the railway in the city and province. The authors of this article, by analyzing the available historical literature and using information from sources, reveal the influence of railway transport on the life of the province of the Russian Empire on the example of the Kaluga province.
PENGUATAN LITERASI DALAM KONTEKS PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL BAGI ANAK ANAK DI KAMPUNG DOSAY KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Paranoan Emon , Susanto Herry Wahyudi , Trince Merliana , Rachman Taufik 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah memberikan penguatan pendidikan secara non formal bagi para anak di kampung Dosay dalam pengetahuan akan literasi dalam berbagai konteks bidang literasi yang telah diberikan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat secara mandiri. Masalah awal yang ditemukan dalam lingkungan Pendidikan Formal bagi anak –anak di Kampung Dosay adalah mereka masih ada yang kurang dalam pengetahuan membaca dan berhitung dan bahkan dalam pengetahuan akan berbagai pengetahuan umum masih sangat rendah, oleh karena itu kegiatan ini diharapkan memberikan sebuah kontribusi yang baik kepada anak –anak dalam menguatkan pendidikan formal mereka di sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode Penguatan Literasi bagi anak –anak dikampung Dosay, dimana anak –anak diberikan pengetahuan tentang berbagai pengetahuan akan jenis – jenis Profesi, mata uang, transportasi umum, mengidentifikasi nama – nama spesia binatang, dan mengenal akan huruf serta angka yang jelas. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian msayarakat Dimana telah terbentuknya taman baca mini. Menunjukkan hal yang baik adalah para anak di Kampung Dosay mampu dalam mengindentifikasi dan mengenal secara baik akan berbagai konteks literasi pengetahuan yang mereka pelajari dalam lingkungan taman baca, sehingga asumsi yang menyatakan bahwa anak –anak kurang mampu dalam mengikuti pembelajaran secara formal di sekolah tentunya dapat terbantahkan. Factor yang menjadi penyebab adalah kemungkinan kurangnya komunikasi dan pendekatan yang baik dari para Guru disekolah dalam mengajarkan berbagai pelajaran karena keterbatasan waktu dan tenaga yang mereka miliki, sehingga Taman Baca yang telah dikelola dalam kegiatan ini tentunya cukup memberikan pengaruh positif dalam penguatan pendidikan non formal karena anak –anak dapat belajar dalam suasana yang sejuk dalam media diskusi dengan para Dosen dan Mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam kegiatan ini.
BIOLOGI MOLEKULER AND KAITANNYA DENGAN TCM DITINJAU DARI OBESITAS BERSERTA DENGAN PATOMEKANISME DAN TATA LAKSANANYA
Authors: Surya Kencana George , Khie Khiong Tjhia 
Published: April 2024

Obesitas atau Fei-Pang adalah pertambahan berat badan 20% lebih tinggi dari standar normal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kelebihan makanan yang dikonsumsi dari energi panas yang dikeluarkan tubuh manusia dan kelebihan lemak tubuh. Obesitas dapat ditentukan dengan Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) yang nilainya > 25 kg/m2.
Obesitas tersebut dapat ditangani dengan kombinasi terapi akupuntur dan hebal dengan prinsip mengeliminasi panas, mengeliminasi atau memecah lembab, meregulasi fungsi limpa dan lambung, dan memperbaiki pencernaan. Terapi akupuntur dilakukan dalam 3 seri masing-masing 4 kali terapi dengan merangsang titik-titik utama Neiting (ST 44), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Pishu (BL 20), dan Weishu (BL 21). Sediaan herbal yang diberikan adalah seduhan serbuk daun jati belanda dengan dosis 3 g dan 150 ml air panas diminum 3 kali sehari sebelum makan. Perawatan yang tepat, teratur, disiplin dan konsisten serta waktu penanganan lebih lama dapat mempengaruhi hasil penanganan menjadi lebih optimal.
Berdasarkan uraian diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik akupuntur dengan titik Neiting (ST 44), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Pishu (BL 20) dan Weishu (BL 21) serta pemberian herbal daun jati belanda tidak dapat menurunkan berat badan pada kasus obesitas secara signifikan
Prompt Engineering — Part 2
Authors: Gupta Dhruv 
Published: April 2024

<strong>
Prompt Engineering — Part 2
</strong>
<strong>
Using intelligence to use artificial Intelligence: A deep dive into Prompt Engineering
</strong>
Author Dhruv Gupta
<strong>
(ORCID:
</strong>
0009–0004–7109–5403
<strong>
)
</strong>
Introduction In the previous article we discussed what prompt engineering and some of the techniques used for prompt engineering.
How to Make Rational Arguments Practical and Extractable
Authors: Campanelli Matteo , Ganesh Chaya , Gennaro Rosario 
Published: April 2024

We investigate proof systems where security holds against rational parties instead of malicious ones. Our starting point is the notion of rational arguments, a variant of rational proofs (Azar and Micali, STOC 2012) where security holds against rational adversaries that are also computationally bounded.
Rational arguments are an interesting primitive because they generally allow for very efficient protocols, and in particular sublinear verification (i.e. where the Verifier does not have to read the entire input). In this paper we aim at narrowing the gap between literature on rational schemes and real world applications. Our contribution is two-fold.
We provide the first construction of rational arguments for the class of polynomial computations that is practical (i.e., it can be applied to real-world computations on reasonably common hardware) and with logarithmic communication. Techniques-wise, we obtain this result through a compiler from information-theoretic protocols and rational proofs for polynomial evaluation. The latter could be of independent interest.
As a second contribution, we propose a new notion of extractability for rational arguments. Through this notion we can obtain arguments where knowledge of a witness is incentivized (rather than incentivizing mere soundness). We show how our aforementioned compiler can also be applied to obtain efficient extractable rational arguments for

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Knowledge and Awareness of Antibiotics among University Students and General Population in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Jawad , Ullah Asad , Badshah Mansoor , Khan Asif Ahmad , Ali Ihsan 
Published: April 2024

Background: Antibiotic resistance is major problem of global health. The reason behind it is inadequate knowledge, low socioeconomic status, self-medication and misuse/irrational use of antibiotics. This study aim was to assess the knowledge and awareness of antibiotics among university students & general population.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried in Khyber Medical University in six months. University students and general population were recruited in the study. While children and other non-medical students were excluded. A total of 384 participants were included and data were collected through designed electronic questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS-22.
Results: A total 384 participants were included in which 258 responses were considered. Out of 258, 136 respondents were university students and 122 respondents were general population of Peshawar. Students and general population were know about the antibiotics with 91.2% and 76.2% respectively. Self medication were found 20.6% among students and 14.8% among general population. Antimicrobial testing was used in 38.5% and 44.9% in general population and students respectively. Antibiotics were stop before antibiotic course completion were 30.3% among general population and students (25%). Knowledge of antibiotics resistance were 31.1% to general population and students (19.9%).
Conclusion: Knowledge & awareness of antibiotics among university students was greater than general population, however self prescription was slightly high in university students despite of their high knowledge & awareness of the side effects of antibiotics. Future research should concentrate on individual-level characteristics such as doctor-patient interactions and patient satisfaction to better understand the causes of antibiotic self-medication.
Manajemen Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 10 Kecamatan Sirimau Kota Ambon
Authors: Latupeirissa Rivando , Wenno I H , Rahabav P 
Published: April 2024

his study aims to determine the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMP Negeri 10 Ambon. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. This research involved the school principal and BOS treasurer as primary data sources. Secondary data sources included school profile, vision and mission, BOS Annual Activity Plan (Rencana Kerja Tahunan-RKT), BOS Accountability Report (Laporan Pertanggung Jawaban­­-LPJ), and teacher data. The interview results were then transcribed into Bahasa Indonesia. The results showed that the management of BOS funds went through several stages and processes, namely planning, management, evaluation and reporting. The components of planning, management, evaluation and reporting showed that SMP Negeri 10 Ambon had run well in accordance with the technical guidelines for the management of BOS funds, except for the lack of trust and transparency by the managers to each field related to BOS funds. In this study, there were several obstacles, namely delays in fund disbursement, lack of transparency in terms of budget implementation, and accountability problems in reporting management and evaluation. The obstacles found resulted in the regulation carried out by schools being hampered so that the program that had been prepared in the RKAS could not run properly. Recommendations that can be given are that periodic evaluations from stakeholders can continue to be conducted for effective and efficient regulation of BOS funds.
Public Health Implications of Cholera- a Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Related Infectious Disease in the Era of Climate Change: The Nigeria Experience
Authors: Ihua Nnenna , Amadi-Wali Owhorchukwu , Onosakponome Evelyn Orevaoghene , Ndukwu. Chidi L.C. , Ikpeama Roseanne Adah , Okorocha Cyrilgentle Ugochukwu 
Published: April 2024

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) play key roles in management of infectious diseases like cholera and other waterborne diseases; given that millions of people globally have no access to safe water. This cross-sectional study, conducted in 7 communities of Ogoni region (Khana, Gokana, Tai and Eleme LGAs), Orashi region (Abua/Odual, Ahoada West, Ahoada East and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs) and Obolo region (Andoni LGA) all in Rivers State, Nigeria, enrolled 274 inhabitants comprising 164 females and 110 males. These included persons passing watery stools accompanied with vomiting, abdominal cramps and those with such prehistory. Questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic data. A total of 274 faecal samples were collected and transported in Cary-Blair stool culture transport medium to Rivers State University Teaching Hospital laboratory; and inoculated on Thiosulphate sulphate citrate bile salt-sucrose agar. Gram staining and biochemical tests were performed using standard procedures. Among the 274 subjects, 40 were infected giving a prevalence rate of 14.6%, including 26(15.9%) females and 14(12.7%) males though this was statistically insignificant, (U=8738.000, p=0.474). On educational levels, those who attended secondary schools had the highest prevalence rate (26.3%), compared with others and it was statistically significant, (p=0.00). WASH perceived predisposing factor showed the prevalence rate among those without access to safe water was 33(21.6%) against those with access to safe water 7(5.8%) and was statistically significant, (p=0.00). Subjects engaged in routine environmental sanitation and hygiene practices had lower prevalence 7(7.6%) than their counterparts, 33(18.1%), p=0.02. Respondents who think climate change had a positive impact on cholera transmission had prevalence of 34(23.3%) against those who disagreed, 6(4.7%), which was statistically significant. The study deduced that unavailability of safe drinking water, climate change, and unhygienic practices were major predisposing factors to cholera infection. Provision of safe water is advocated as greater percentage of the communities lacked access to safe drinking water. Routine environmental sanitation exercise should be revisited and enforced.
Middle Eastern and European mtDNA lineages characterize populations from eastern Crete
Authors: Martinez Laisel , Mirabal Sheyla , Luis Javier R. , Herrera Rene J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThroughout centuries, the geographic location of the island of Crete has been one of the leading factors shaping the composition of its population. Invasions and commercial and cultural ties at various time periods with European, Middle Eastern, and North African civilizations have created a collage of genetic and/or cultural influences from each of these regions within the island. Previous Y‐chromosome diversity analyses uncovered pronounced differences in the frequency distribution of haplogroups from a mountain refugium and surrounding lowland populations of eastern Crete. In this study, the current geographic stratification of mtDNA haplotypes in eastern Crete was explored to elucidate potential sources of maternal gene flow. Our work includes a comparative characterization of two lowland collections from the Heraklion and Lasithi Prefectures in eastern Crete, as well as of an isolated mountain population from the Lasithi Plateau, all three previously examined using Y‐chromosome markers. In addition to the presence of European mtDNA haplogroups in all three collections, our analyses reveal a significant contribution of Middle Eastern and Central Asian genetic signatures in the island of Crete, and particularly in the two populations from the Lasithi region at the eastern‐most portion of the island. Close association between these Cretan groups and the Balkans can also be discerned, which in the case of the Lasithi Plateau corroborates previously uncovered Y‐chromosome affiliations with the same geographic region. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, viscosity behavior, and interactions with a surfactant of some amphiphilic copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and diallyldodecyl‐ or diallyloctadecyl‐ammonium chloride
Authors: Ali Shaikh A. , El‐Shareef A. M. , Al‐Muallem H. A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe copolymerization of hydrophobic monomers, diallyldodecyl‐ or diallyloctadecyl‐ammonium chloride, with hydrophilic monomer diallyldimethylammonium chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator afforded a series of water‐soluble cationic polyelectrolytes (CPE) containing various proportions (0–16 mol %) of the hydrophobes. A polymer concentration (C*HA) of 0.5 g/dL was required for the manifestation of hydrophobic associations in some of these copolymers containing the C18 pendents. This is a notable improvement over the C*HA values (ca. 15–17 g/dL) for the associating polymers having a ∼ C10 – C14 pendents. At a shear rate of 0.36 s−1 at 30°C, salt‐free water solutions of the CPEs (4 g/dL) containing 8 mol % of the C12 hydrophobes and 3.6, 7.6, 15.5 mol % of C18 hydrophobe have apparent viscosity values of 780, 6000, 956,000, and 1,100,000 cps, respectively. Considerable increase in the viscosity values of the CPE was observed in the presence of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The superior viscosity behavior for the polymers containing the C18 hydrophobe in comparison with C12 is attributed to the longer pendent‐length of the former hydrophobe, which can efficiently undergo association from a distance far enough that minimizes interchain repulsion between the like charges. The CPEs containing the hydrophobes were found to be a better inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl at 60°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008