bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-collision evolution of the Piñón oceanic terrane of SW Ecuador: stratigraphy and geochemistry of the “Calentura Formation”
Authors: Van Melle Jeremie , Vilema Washinton , Faure-Brac Bastien , Ordoñez Martha , Lapierre Henriette , Jimenez Nelson , Jaillard Etienne , Garcia Milton 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe stratigraphic revision of the southern coastal Ecuadorian series makes possible the reconstruction of the pre-collision history of the Caribbean plateau accreted to the Ecuadorian margin. The Coniacian age of the oceanic basement (Piñón Fm) indicates that the latter is part of the Caribbean oceanic plateau. It is overlain by the Calentura Fm, which comprises from base to top: (i) 20 to 200 m of lavas and volcanic breccias of arc affinity (Las Orquídeas Mb), (ii) siliceous, organic rich black limestones of (middle?) Coniacian age, (iii) red, radiolarian rich, calcareous cherts ascribed to the Santonian-early Campanian, and (iv) marls, greywackes and island arc tuffs of Mid Campanian age. The latter are overlain by volcaniclastic turbidites of Mid to Late Campanian age (Cayo Fm), coeval to the Campanian-Maastrichtian island arc series locate farther west (San Lorenzo Fm).The Las Orquídeas magmatic unit is interpreted as resulting from the melting of the Caribbean plateau, rather than from an ephemeral subduction process. The transition from coniacian limestones to santonian red cherts would be related to the thermal subsidence of the Caribbean plateau. The uplift of the latter and the development of the San Lorenzo island arc in the Middle Campanian would be due to the collision of the Caribbean plateau with the Mexican margin. Early in the Late Maastrichtian, the collision of the Caribbean plateau with the Ecuadorian margin would have triggered the cessation of the San Lorenzo arc activity. In the Late Paleocene, the Caribbean plateau was split into two terranes: the western Piñón terrane, which collided with the eastern Guaranda terrane.
Who is who: areas of the brain associated with recognizing and naming famous faces
Authors: Giussani Carlo , Roux Franck-Emmanuel , Bello Lorenzo , Lauwers-Cances Valérie , Papagno Costanza , Gaini Sergio M. , Puel Michelle , Démonet Jean-François 
Published: October 2008

Object
It has been hypothesized that specific brain regions involved in face naming may exist in the brain. To spare these areas and to gain a better understanding of their organization, the authors studied patients who underwent surgery by using direct electrical stimulation mapping for brain tumors, and they compared an object-naming task to a famous face–naming task.

Methods
Fifty-six patients with brain tumors (39 and 17 in the left and right hemispheres, respectively) and with no significant preoperative overall language deficit were prospectively studied over a 2-year period. Four patients who had a partially selective famous face anomia and 2 with prosopagnosia were not included in the final analysis.

Results
Face-naming interferences were exclusively localized in small cortical areas (< 1 cm2). Among 35 patients whose dominant left hemisphere was studied, 26 face-naming specific areas (that is, sites of interference in face naming only and not in object naming) were found. These face naming–specific sites were significantly detected in 2 regions: in the left frontal areas of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri (p < 0.001) and in the anterior part of the superior and middle temporal gyri (p < 0.01). Variable patterns of interference were observed (speech arrest, anomia, phonemic, or semantic paraphasia) probably related to the different stages in famous face processing. Only 4 famous face–naming interferences were found in the right hemisphere.

Conclusions
Relative anatomical segregation of naming categories within language areas was detected. This study showed that famous face naming was preferentially processed in the left frontal and anterior temporal gyri. The authors think it is necessary to adapt naming tasks in neurosurgical patients to the brain region studied.
Femmes et pouvoir politique dans l'ancienne société anyi-ndenye (Côte d'Ivoire).
Authors: Perrot Claude-Hélène 
Published: October 2008

C.-H. Perrot—Women and Political Power in the Old Anyi-Ndenye Society.
According to the Ndenye matrilineal System, women, even if they were the sole transmitters of political power, did not normally share in its actual exercise. How-ever traditional history shows that, in a number of emergencies, women took up the initiative from men and acted as efficient political agents in critical circum-stances. This checks with their present situation in Anyi society where a number of women are often as active independent economie entrepreneurs as men, if not more. [pp. 219-223]
Une femme et trois hommes.
Authors: Bekombo Manga 
Published: October 2008

M. Bekombo-Priso—One Woman, Three Men.
A reconsideration of the theory of kinship terminology shifting the stress from the single husband/wife relationship to give equal weight to the mother/son and sister/ brother ones, integrating them into a four-term 'atomic' kinship pattern. The examples are taken from the patrilineal coastal Bantu of Cameroon and show how, through her marriage, a woman becomes implicated in a three-sided alliance with three men: her opposite-sex sibling, her non-kin husband, and her son. It is only through a global analysis of these three relationships that one can account in an exhaustive way for the meaning of matrimony, its mechanisms and its consequences, [pp. 299-313].
Morphologie d'un conte africain
Authors: Bremond Claude 
Published: October 2008

C. Bremond—Morphology of an African Taie.
The first chapter of Denise Paulme's La mere devorante, entitled 'Morphology of the African taie', aims at setting up a typology of narrative forms. Summing up and criticizing her study, C. Bremond shows that a mechanical application of its theses is likely to lead into a dead-end. In fact, some of the standard taies, whose the-matic identity cannot be doubted, may be actually realized according to several typological contours. Denise Paulme's method of analysis nevertheless remains safe, precise and fruitful, provided the necessary precautions are taken to avoid possible misunderstandings. This discussion is illustrated by a taie, quite wide-spread in Africa, of which D. Paulme herself has collected about fifty versions, [pp. 485-499]
Quand on te donne un mari, ne le refuse pas.
Authors: Eschlimann Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2008

J.-P. Eschlimann—Don't Refuse a Given Husband.
The ideology and lineage strategy of preferential marriage, far from being univer-sally accepted in Anyi society, corne under constant internai contention. The matrilineal dominancy prevailing in the socio-political System is imperilled by centrifugal forces resulting from the behaviour of some lineage heads and by the fact that there are youth more sensitive to the attraction of their partner, or of personal freedom, than by the raison de lignage. A corpus of taies gives a tentative explanation of this ever renewed tension between the ideological norm and the actual practice of marriage strategy. The storytellers harp on the disorder resulting from the incautiousness of girls, their defiance of elders, and so forth. They also denounce the erring ways of such men as condone such behaviour—and often forfeit their life in consequence. Finally they describe the lineage elders' reaction to the disorder thus introduced by women. Lest the lineage stool, its riches and its tmity be put in jeopardy, elders need be attentive to unmask Death as it enters the lineage under the disguise of a beautiful Stranger. [pp. 517-547]
La littérature orale africaine. Croissance et physionomie d'une discipline d'après un recensement bibliographique.
Authors: Görög Veronika , Karady Victor 
Published: October 2008

V. Görög & V. Karady—African Oral Literature.
A presentation and interpretation of statistical data relating to researches on oral literature in Europe, Africa and the United States. The figures show a rapid growth since 1960, correlative with the professionalization of African studies and their integration into academie institutions. The study of oral literature tends to become a subject by itself, as distinguished from anthropology and linguistics. Comparative tables give data on dates, places and languages of publication, and on the genres described. [pp. 579-588]
Migrations, société et développement en pays Mossi
Authors: Sautter Gilles 
Published: October 2008

G. Sautter—Migrations, Society, and Development in Mosiland.
A synthetic approach of Mosi migratory movements based upon a multidisciplinary enquiry conducted by the Office for Scientific and Technical Research Overseas (ORSTOM) between 1971 and 1975. The phenomenon is especially complex as it involves internai displacements (towards cities or rural areas where land is still available) and external ones (to foreign countries, chiefly the Ivory Coast). Demographie factors are ail-important yet cannot be isolated from traits pertaining to the social structure such as the kinship System and the relationships between generations. A number of previous stereotypes, concerning, for instance, bridewealth and financial support of the migrants' families, have been proven false. In fact, internai migrations toward 'free' land may well prove more significant, in a develop-mental perspective, than external ones. This confronts the Upper Volta govern-ment with a choice of policy-—between spontaneous and organized settlements— which remains to be decided upon.
Manioc, rente foncière et situation des femmes dans les environs de Brazzaville (République populaire du Congo).
Authors: Adam Michel 
Published: October 2008

M. Adam —Cassava, Land-Rent and Women's Condition in the Neighbourhood of Brazzaville.
A detailed description of the cultivation and preparation of cassava in the Congo People's Republic, showing the sbift from a self-subsistence to a market economy and its efiect on social relationships. In spite of the fact that women have acquired control of the production and sale of the main staple food, their generai status has not very much improved up to now. On the other hand, the introduction of a land-rent has not resulted into the apparition of a real class structure. Even if, due to the progress of a money-based economy, the social control of the lineage on its junior members has been weakened, the elders and headmen do still wield power and prestige.
Ecologically Based Trade and the State in Precolonial West Africa.
Authors: Baier Stephen 
Published: October 2008

S. Baier — Le commerce à fondement écologique et l'État en Afrique précoloniale.
Commentaire critique des articles de Lovejoy et Roberts publiés dans ce numéro, avec référence aux travaux, français notamment, influencés par le structuralisme et le marxisme.
Ecologically Specialized Trade and Economic Growth : A Reply.
Authors: Roberts Richard L. 
Published: October 2008

R. Roberts — Commerce à spécialisation écologique et croissance économique : réponse.
Réponse aux commentaires de Baier, Amselle, Chauveau et Person. L'auteur admet le caractère mécaniste d'une explication trop strictement géographique (ou écologique) de la division du travail, mais maintient l'importance différentielle des contraintes de cet ordre. De même, en ce qui concerne les rapports entre économie marchande et organisation étatique, il souligne la nécessité d'une analyse contras-tive de l'économie de marché dans les formations étatisées et non étatisées.
Migration artisanale et solidarité villageoise : le cas de Kanèn Njob, au Sénégal.
Authors: Diouf Made B. 
Published: October 2008

M. B. Diouf — Migrant Craftsmen and Village Solidarity: The Case of Kanen Njob (Senegal).
In the traditional West African context—-here among the Wolof-—-craftsmen belong to segregated endogamic groups, the so-called castes (neno), socially distinguished from, and kept apart by, the 'freemen' (geer). For a member of the geer the mere contact with a neno's clothes is considered impure. Yet, in the Colobane ward of Dakar, a group of migrants from the village of Kanen Njob lives and works together as a single economie unit, without consideration of the traditional separation. It consists of five smiths of the Thiam neno clan, who produce iron house implements, and eleven hawkers (bana bana), eight of whom belong to the Kane geer clan, another one being a Samb nobleman. Thus, in an urban setting, the caste distinctions still valid in the rural area are played down or ignored and replaced by a new group-solidarity based on common village origin, on age and on economie position.
Les perspectives d'accumulation dans la petite industrie de transformation. L'exemple de la menuiserie métallique à Maradi (Niger).
Authors: Grégoire Emmanuel 
Published: October 2008

E. Gregoire—Accumulation Prospects in Small Scale Industries : The Case of Metallic Joinery-Shops in Maradi (Niger).
During the last few years a number of home-industries have been established in Third World towns. This study of joinery workshops in Maradi (Niger Republic) describes the genesis and growth of this type of small-scale enterprises in order to see whether their strategy and the conditions of production allow for the accumulation of a surplus. The analysis shows a heterogeneous economie situation, with a number of workshops unable to develop, while a minority are expanding due to a variety of social and economie factors.
Les métamorphoses urbaines d'un « double » villageois.
Authors: Dozon Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2008

J.-P. Dozon—-Urban Metamorphosis of a ' Wraith' Village.
A strange narrative describing in terms of witchcraft and supernatural concepts the metamorphosis into a city-state of a Bete village (mid-western Ivory Coast). A brief definition of some of these concepts, especially that of 'wraith' or 'double', is necessary in order to understand that this narrative, far from betraying an escape into the realm of phantasmatic imagination, does in fact shed a metaphoric light on the underlying dynamics of village life. Objective data relating to rural exodus, back-and-forth movements between town and village, investment in the school System, and strategies of social mobility orientated mainly toward the state apparatus tend to delineate a new reality. The village no longer pertains to rural patterns but rather shows a trend toward dissolution within the attraction spheres of Eburnean society, i.e. towns (chiefly Abidjan) and state. In dreamlike fashion the narrative operates a condensation of facts observable in real life (emigration, school attendance) in a kind of wish-fulfillment which constitutes a privileged approach.
La trypanosomiase humaine en Afrique occidentale. Racines géographiques d'une maladie.
Authors: Gilles Nadine , Ricossé Jean-Henri 
Published: October 2008

N. Gilles & J.-H. Ricosse — Human Sleeping-Sickness in West Africa: Its Geographie Roots.
The last sleeping-sickness epidemie in West Africa ended around the middle of the present century after laying waste a wide area (over 200 000 patients in French West Africa in 1939). A few centres of infection subsist to this day. The ecology of its vector, the Glossina fly, makes it a riverine forest disease which appears whenever men, through their activities and because of the density of population, corne into close contact with the vector. The re-occupation] of formerly deserted valleys tends to bring about a rebirth of dangerous epidemiological situations.
Une maladie née de l'homme. La dracunculose en milieu sahélien.
Authors: Rémy Gérard 
Published: October 2008

G. Remy — A Man-Borne Disease: Guinea-Worm in the Sahel.
Recent enquiries on the disease in the pre-Saharan belt of West Africa show a degree of differentiation in local endemicity, resulting in a diversity of clinical aspects according to the endemicity rate. Children's infection and polyparasitosis become important only when the endemicity level is rather high.
De l'idéo-logique au paganisme, ou Le malin génie et son maître.
Authors: Copans Jean 
Published: October 2008

J. Copans — Front Ideo-Logic to Paganism, or The Malicious Imp and his M aster.
A criticism of Marc Auge's theses on the nature and fonction of pagan religion (as opposed to christianity rather than to monotheism in generai). Marc Auge's approach is blamed, inter alia, for its a-chronicity due to a systematic avoidance of any historical consideration, which leads to a somewhat idealistic-—or ideological rather than ideo-logical—view of 'pagan' societies.
Structures villageoises et caractères migratoires de la société baule-kode, dans la région de Béoumi (Côte d'Ivoire centrale).
Authors: Lassailly-Jacob Véronique 
Published: October 2008

V. Lassailly-Jacob - Village Structure and Migratory Traits among the Baule-Kode of Beoumi (Central Ivory Coast).
Bauleland, with its old migratory tradition, still evidences a strong exodus movement. Baule migrants leave their homelands in search of employment in the capital and turn their back on the savannah to seek seasonal work or settle on forest plantations. Using a demographie survey of seven villages, the author looks into the original characteristics of Kode village structures and migrations with special emphasis on the influence of lake Kossou upon the migration.
Maîtres de la terre, maîtres de la guerre.
Authors: Latour Eliane de 
Published: October 2008

E. de Latour — Landmasters and Warmasters.
There are two pre-eminent groups among the Mawri: the aboriginal Gubawa, owners of the land rights and keepers of the ancestors cuits, and the Arewa warriors, holders of the political power. Social order in the first group rests upon seniority and sacrifice, in the second one upon competition and strength-backed relations. A foundation myth accounts for the intergroup relationships in ternis of marriage: the dynasty springs from the union of the first warrior to visit the region with the daughter of one of the landholders. This suggests a compact, with land arfording legitimacy, weapons providing protection. This contract, reinforced by a set of rules, is put into effect through enthronement rites and war, but beyond these two main social experiments, each group keeps to its own representations. This leads to conflict concerning the management of arfairs, with the Gubawa claiming preeminence due to anteriority of occupation, while the Arewa try to use their military power to reign by themselves. When cohesion is on the rise and rules are Consolidated, there is a State in the offing. However concentration of power starts a process of segmentation: war, fission of princely lineages and group splitting. Yet this apparent frailty does not resuit into a de-stabilization of a power which thrives on the conflicts it generates.
Weddings in Lamu, Kenya : An Example of Social and Economic Change
Authors: Romero Curtin Patricia 
Published: October 2008

P. R. Curtin — Mariages à Lamu (Kenya) : un cas de changement économique et social.
L'étude comparée des conditions et rites du mariage dans quatre des classes sociales de la société musulmane de Lamu souligne les tendances générales de l'évolution sociale et les relations entre les diverses strates : l'ancienne aristocratie arabo-bantu essaie de maintenir une tradition peu compatible avec son appauvrissement actuel ; elle reste le modèle imité par la classe montante des Hadrami, arrivés d'Arabie au cours du xxe siècle, et par les descendants de ses propres esclaves, avec qui elle constitue un sous-ensemble distinct de celui des Kore, immigrants récents de souche continentale, toujours considérés comme étrangers.
Le signe des génies
Authors: Gibbal Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2008

J.-M. Gibbal—-Sign ofthe Genii.
In Western Mali Jine don is a possession cuit with therapeutic aims. The jinetigi recruit as new members people exhibiting the 'sign of the genii', that is psycho-somatic troubles due to a supposed aggression of the cuit genii. Due to the growth of Islam, family heads tend to be more and more reluctant to turn over their dependents—especially maie ones—to the cuit, which, as a consequence, is progres-sively feminized. Another factor is urbanization which induces an individualization of therapies. At any rate the jinetigi still plays a central role in the cure. He is the owner and master of the instruments and divination rites used in diagnosis. Through his experience of the disease he is able to estimate the chances of success in each case and to desist if he deems them insufficient.
The Ethnic Heart of Anthropology.
Authors: Southall Aidan 
Published: October 2008

A. Southall — Le cœur ethnique de l'anthropologie.
Compte rendu de l'ouvrage collectif édité par J.-L. Amselle et E. M'Bokoio, sur la critique des notions de « tribu » ou d' « ethnie ». L'auteur loue ses collègues français de leur travail de déconstruction d'un concept largement artificiel et suscité, sciemment ou non, par le pouvoir colonial, tant politique que religieux.
Histoire de la Sénégambie du XVe au XVIIIe siècle : un bilan.
Authors: Becker Charles 
Published: October 2008

C. Becker — The Precolonial Period in Senegambia, i^th to i8th Century.
A status artis of historical research on Senegambia: the problem of sources—archives, written documents, oral tradition, archaeology—; chronology and the division into significant periods and sub-periods; a survey of extant and potential materials, including economie, agricultural, commercial, linguistic, religious and, more generally, sociological data. A provisional and partial division into periods based upon the evolution of the slave trade is proposed and contrasted with one founded upon the decline and fall of native hegemonies. The paper ends with a catalogue of tasks which deserve to be given priority in order to produce a genuine Senegalese history.
Réponse à Claudine Vidal.
Authors: De Heusch Luc 
Published: October 2008

L. de Heusch — An Answer to Claudine Vidal.
Answering C. V.'s critical review of his work in CEA 100, Luc de Heusch insists that, contrary to her opinion, he never mistook Rwandese dynastie narratives for factual historical traditions, but described them as a grand mythical fresco setting forth the ideological basis of kingship. Thus his approach does not pertain to the field of ethno-history but to that of structural anthropology.
The Uses of the Colonial Military History of Mozambique.
Authors: Beach David N. 
Published: October 2008

D. N. Beach — Comment user de l'histoire militaire du Mozambique.
A partir d'une analyse de l'ouvrage de Pélissier sur la conquête portugaise et la guerre de libération au Mozambique et de celui de Serra sur l'art militaire traditionnel, l'auteur remet en cause les stéréotypes usuels concernant les guerres coloniales, en particulier celui de l'inégalité fatale et sempiternelle des forces en présence. Il pose, à partir de ces observations, le problème de la réaction militaire des gouvernement indépendants aux mouvements de rébellion (spécifiquement ici, la Renamo) .
Une anthropologie de la santé publique : l'ethnologue sorcier.
Authors: Fassin Didier 
Published: October 2008

D. Fassin—An Anthropology of Public Health: The Ethnologist as a Witch. Follow-ed by The Preserves of Public Health (by B. Hours), and concluded by Anthropology' s Domains (D. F. again).
Reviewing L'Etat sorcier, a book on the public health organization in Cameroon, D. F. (a medical doctor) criticizes author B. H. (an anthropologist) for his interpretation of the patients' reactions to the shortcomings of the health service. According to B. H. these reactions are closely similar to witchcraft accusations in traditional society, the 'witch' in this case being no other than the State. In point of fact, according to D. F., the actual 'witches' in this case seem to be the nurses and medical orderlies rather than that vague and distant entity, the State. B. H., in turn, calls forth his informants' evidence to defend his thesis, his own—anthro-pological—approach diverging, per se, from that of the WHO and other medical experts. D. F.'s final answer insists upon the necessity of an open dialogue.