bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absaugung bei intubierten und tracheotomierten Patient*innen
Authors: Krüger Lars , Mannebach Thomas , Wefer Franziska , Lohmeier Sarah , Stork Vanessa , Gosmann Evelin , Kaltwasser Arnold 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Endotracheales Absaugen bei intubierten oder tracheotomierten kritisch kranken Patient*innen fällt in den täglichen Aufgabenbereich verschiedener Berufsgruppen in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin.
Eine deutschsprachige Zusammenfassung aktueller Evidenz fehlt bisher.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel ist es, eine narrative Übersichtsarbeit über die aktuelle Evidenz zum endotrachealen Absaugen von intubierten oder tracheotomierten Patient*innen im klinischen Setting zu erstellen.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgten eine Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL, Cochrane Library, LIVIVO, Medline via PubMed, eine Handsuche und ergänzend die Anwendung des Schneeballprinzips durch hochschulisch qualifizierte Pflegende. Eingeschlossen wurden nach erfolgreicher kritischer Beurteilung alle englisch- und deutschsprachigen Publikationen, welche die endotracheale Absaugung im Kontext der Versorgung im Krankenhaus thematisieren.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 23 Volltexte eingeschlossen werden, von denen nach der Entwicklung von 6 Oberthemen zur endotrachealen Absaugung 19 in die Berichterstattung aufgenommen wurden.
Im Ergebnis stellte sich u. a. heraus, dass das routinemäßige tiefe Absaugen einmal pro Schicht kontraindiziert ist und der Katheter maximal 0,5–1 cm über das distale Tubus- oder Trachealkanülenende vorgeschoben werden soll. Geschlossene Absaugkatheter bieten, bei allerdings heterogener Studienlage, insbesondere für den Personalschutz Vorteile. Fortbildungen des Personals sind obligat.

Diskussion
Zur endotrachealen Absaugung ließen sich wenige aussagekräftige Studien finden. Mit der vorhandenen Evidenz können jedoch erste Schlussfolgerungen getroffen werden, welche in z. B. internen Standard Operating Procedures berücksichtigt werden sollten. Weitere Forschung ist nötig.
Venture capital investments in artificial intelligence
Authors: Montanaro Benedetta , Croce Annalisa , Ughetto Elisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) technologies have significantly attracted the attention of institutional investors over the last decade. However, previous literature has not deeply explored the characteristics of venture capital (VC) investments in AI ventures. In this study, we explore whether and to what extent investments in AI ventures differ from those in similar non-AI ventures, and whether they are moderated by venture-level, country-level, and investor-level factors. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 5235 investments in 2689 AI ventures and 9215 investments in 4373 non-AI ventures belonging to the Industry 4.0 domain, observed from 2000 to 2019. We find that the amount invested in AI ventures is significantly lower than non-AI ones: this negative relationship is, however, moderated by a venture’s development stage, VC investor’s experience and the AI development level of the country in which the invested venture operates.
Mapping elemental solutes at sub-picogram levels during aqueous corrosion of Al alloys using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Mukhametzianova Gulnaz , Wagner Stefan , Eskinja Magdalena , Moshtaghi Masoud , Mori Gregor , Prohaska Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel approach using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for two-dimensional mapping of elemental solute release at sub-picogram levels during aqueous corrosion of Al alloys is presented. Evaluation of different DGT gels with mixed micro-sized binding phases (polyacrylamide-Chelex-Metsorb, polyurethane (PU)-Chelex-Metsorb, PU-Chelex-Zr(OH)4) demonstrated the superior performance of PU gels due to their tear-proof handling, low shrinkage, and compliance with green chemistry. DGT devices containing PU-Chelex-Zr(OH)4 gels, which have not been characterized for Al sampling before, showed quantitative uptake of Al, Zn, and Cu solutes over time (t = 4–48 h) with higher Al capacity (ΓDGT = 6.25 µg cm−2) than different gels. Application of PU-Chelex-Zr(OH)4 gels on a high-strength Al-Cu alloy (Al2219) exposed to NaCl (w = 1.5%, pH = 4.5, T = 21 °C) for 15 min in a novel piston-type configuration revealed reproducible patterns of Al and Zn co-solubilization with a spatial expansion ranging between 50 and 1000 µm. This observation, together with complementary solid-state data from secondary electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, showed the presence of localized pitting corrosion at the material surface. Detection limits for total solute masses of Al, Zn, and Cu were ≤0.72 pg, ≤8.38 pg, and ≤0.12 pg, respectively, for an area of 0.01 mm2, demonstrating the method’s unique capability to localize and quantify corrosion processes at ultra-trace levels and high resolution. Our study advances the assessment of Al alloy degradation in aqueous environments, supporting the design of corrosion-resistant materials for fostering technological safety and sustainability.
Graphical Abstract
Exploring the effect of sucrose and d-allulose addition on the gelling ability and physical properties of agar–agar vegan gels
Authors: Poçan Pelin , Çıkrıkcı Erünsal Sevil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant-based hydrocolloid systems which are mixed with different carbohydrate types are becoming popular due to vegan concerns for both non-food and food industry. In this study, different sugar types (d-allulose and sucrose) at different concentrations (20% and 40%) were used to explore their effects on the gelation and physical properties of agar–agar. For characterization of these agar–agar-based gel systems, in addition to common physical methods (moisture content, water activity, color, hardness, viscosity), novel methods such as TD-NMR relaxometry, and FTIR were also used to get deep insight of the microstructures and water dynamics of the gel systems. Results clearly indicated that sugar type and concentration were vital factors affecting the agar–agar gel properties and dynamics of the system. Utilization of allulose in the gel systems led to formation of less moist and softer agar–agar matrix characterized with longer T2 spin–spin relaxation times. This study will lead to designing new types of vegan agar–agar-based confectionery products such as soft candies that are considered as perfect composite gels.
Chaos in Stochastic 2d Galerkin-Navier–Stokes
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Punshon-Smith Sam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that all Galerkin truncations of the 2d stochastic Navier–Stokes equations in vorticity form on any rectangular torus subjected to hypoelliptic, additive stochastic forcing are chaotic at sufficiently small viscosity, provided the frequency truncation satisfies $$N\ge 392$$

N
≥
392

. By “chaotic” we mean having a strictly positive Lyapunov exponent, i.e. almost-sure asymptotic exponential growth of the derivative with respect to generic initial conditions. A sufficient condition for such results was derived in previous joint work with Alex Blumenthal which reduces the question to the non-degeneracy of a matrix Lie algebra implying Hörmander’s condition for the Markov process lifted to the sphere bundle (projective hypoellipticity). The purpose of this work is to reformulate this condition to be more amenable for Galerkin truncations of PDEs and then to verify this condition using (a) a reduction to genericity properties of a diagonal sub-algebra inspired by the root space decomposition of semi-simple Lie algebras and (b) computational algebraic geometry executed by Maple in exact rational arithmetic. Note that even though we use a computer assisted proof, the result is valid for all aspect ratios and all sufficiently high dimensional truncations; in fact, certain steps simplify in the formal infinite dimensional limit.
Development and Internal Validation of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Mortality After Hip Fracture with Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mosfeldt Mathias , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl , Lauritzen Jes Bruun , Jansson Karl-Åke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to estimate the likelihood of 1, 3, 6 and 12 month mortality in patients with hip fractures, we applied a variety of machine learning methods using readily available, preoperative data. We used prospectively collected data from a single university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark for consecutive patients with hip fractures, aged 60 years and older, treated between September 2008 to September 2010 (n = 1186). Preoperative biochemical and anamnestic data were used as predictors and outcome was survival at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the fracture. After feature selection for each timepoint a stratified split was done (70/30) before training and validating Random Forest models, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) and Generalized Linear Models. We evaluated and compared each model using receiver operator characteristic (ROC), calibration slope and intercept, Spiegelhalter’s z- test and Decision Curve Analysis. Using combinations of between 10 and 13 anamnestic and biochemical parameters we were able to successfully estimate the likelihood of mortality with an area under the curve on ROC curves of 0.79, 0.80, 0.79 and 0.81 for 1, 3, 6 and 12 month, respectively. The XGB was the overall best calibrated and most promising model. The XGB model most successfully estimated the likelihood of mortality postoperatively. An easy-to-use model could be helpful in perioperative decisions concerning level of care, focused research and information to patients. External validation is necessary before widespread use and is currently underway, an online tool has been developed for educational/experimental purposes (https://hipfx.shinyapps.io/hipfx/).
Characterisation of hygroelastic properties of compression and opposite wood found in branches of Norway spruce
Authors: Hartwig-Nair Marie , Florisson Sara , Wohlert Malin , Gamstedt E. Kristofer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe differential swelling seen between softwood opposite wood (OW) and its neighbouring compression wood (CW) developed in branches prompts several engineering issues such as dimensional instability and cracking. For a more efficient use of resources, the inevitable CW and OW should not be discarded or used as fuel, but incorporated into engineered wood products. Swelling is a hygroelastic phenomenon, where both the swelling and elastic properties of CW and OW are needed in order to make proper structural predictions. In this paper, swelling coefficients and moisture dependent elastic moduli for both CW and OW in the three principal material directions are provided along with measurements of moisture content, density, and microfibril angle. The small deformations necessitate the use of precise X-ray micro-computed tomography for measurements. The results indicate that CW and OW from Norway spruce branches differ in swelling, especially in longitudinal direction at low moisture content. It is noted that CW is a wood type with less pronounced anisotropic behaviour than both OW and normal wood from the stem, with the elastic moduli less sensitive to moisture changes in both longitudinal and transverse directions.
The isomorphism problem for ideal class monoids of numerical semigroups
Authors: García-Sánchez P. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFrom any poset isomorphic to the poset of gaps of a numerical semigroup S with the order induced by S, one can recover S. As an application, we prove that two different numerical semigroups cannot have isomorphic posets (with respect to set inclusion) of ideals whose minimum is zero. We also show that given two numerical semigroups S and T, if their ideal class monoids are isomorphic, then S must be equal to T.
Cadherin-17 as a target for the immunoPET of adenocarcinoma
Authors: Delaney Samantha , Keinänen Outi , Lam Dennis , Wolfe Andrew L. , Hamakubo Takao , Zeglis Brian M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein that is overexpressed in several adenocarcinomas, including gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. High levels of CDH17 have been linked to metastatic disease and poor prognoses in patients with these malignancies, fueling interest in the protein as a target for diagnostics and therapeutics. Herein, we report the synthesis, in vitro validation, and in vivo evaluation of a CDH17-targeted 89Zr-labeled immunoPET probe.

Methods
The CDH17-targeting mAb D2101 was modified with an isothiocyanate-bearing derivative of desferrioxamine (DFO) to produce a chelator-bearing immunoconjugate — DFO-D2101 — and flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to interrogate its antigen-binding properties. The immunoconjugate was then radiolabeled with zirconium-89 (t1/2 ~ 3.3 days), and the serum stability and immunoreactive fraction of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-D2101 were determined. Finally, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-D2101’s performance was evaluated in a trio of murine models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): subcutaneous, orthotopic, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). PET images were acquired over the course of 5 days, and terminal biodistribution data were collected after the final imaging time point.

Results
DFO-D2101 was produced with a degree of labeling of ~ 1.1 DFO/mAb. Flow cytometry with CDH17-expressing AsPC-1 cells demonstrated that the immunoconjugate binds to its target in a manner similar to its parent mAb, while SPR with recombinant CDH17 revealed that D2101 and DFO-D2101 exhibit nearly identical KD values: 8.2 × 10−9 and 6.7 × 10−9 M, respectively. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-D2101 was produced with a specific activity of 185 MBq/mg (5.0 mCi/mg), remained >80% stable in human serum over the course of 5 days, and boasted an immunoreactive fraction of >0.85. In all three murine models of PDAC, the radioimmunoconjugate yielded high contrast images, with high activity concentrations in tumor tissue and low uptake in non-target organs. Tumoral activity concentrations reached as high as >60 %ID/g in two of the cohorts bearing PDXs.

Conclusion
Taken together, these data underscore that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-D2101 is a highly promising probe for the non-invasive visualization of CDH17 expression in PDAC. We contend that this radioimmunoconjugate could have a significant impact on the clinical management of patients with both PDAC and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, most likely as a theranostic imaging tool in support of CDH17-targeted therapies.
Imaging extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in cancer
Authors: Purshouse Karin , Pollard Steven M. , Bickmore Wendy A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) are circular regions of DNA that are found in many cancers. They are an important means of oncogene amplification, and correlate with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Consequently, there is great interest in exploring and targeting ecDNA vulnerabilities as potential new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, the biological significance of ecDNA and their associated regulatory control remains unclear. Light microscopy has been a central tool in the identification and characterisation of ecDNA. In this review we describe the different cellular models available to study ecDNA, and the imaging tools used to characterise ecDNA and their regulation. The insights gained from quantitative imaging are discussed in comparison with genome sequencing and computational approaches. We suggest that there is a crucial need for ongoing innovation using imaging if we are to achieve a full understanding of the dynamic regulation and organisation of ecDNA and their role in tumourigenesis.
One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OABG) vs. Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass (SADI) as revisional procedure following Sleeve Gastrectomy: results of a multicenter study
Authors: Gallucci Pierpaolo , Marincola Giuseppe , Pennestrì Francesco , Procopio Priscilla Francesca , Prioli Francesca , Salvi Giulia , Ciccoritti Luigi , Greco Francesco , Velotti Nunzio , Schiavone Vincenzo , Franzese Antonio , Mansi Federica , Uccelli Matteo , Cesana Giovanni , Musella Mario , Olmi Stefano , Raffaelli Marco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) is the most performed bariatric surgery, but a considerable number of patients may require revisional procedures for suboptimal clinical response/recurrence of weight (SCR/RoW). Conversion options include One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) and Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass (SADI). The study aims to compare SADI vs. OAGB as revisional procedures in terms of early and mid-term complications, operative time, postoperative hospital stay and clinical outcomes.

Methods
All patients who underwent OAGB or SADI as revisional procedures following SG for SCR/RoW at three high-volume bariatric centers between January 2014 and April 2021 were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. Demographic, operative, and postoperative outcomes of the two groups were compared.

Results
One hundred and sixty-eight patients were identified. After PSM, the two groups included 42 OAGB and 42 SADI patients. Early (≤ 30 days) postoperative complications rate did not differ significantly between OAGB and SADI groups (3 bleedings vs. 0, p = 0.241). Mid-term (within 2 years) complications rate was significantly higher in the OAGB group (21.4% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.007), mainly anastomotic complications and reflux disease (12% of OAGBs). Seven OAGB patients required conversion to another procedure (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass—RYGB) vs. none among the SADI patients (p = 0.006).

Conclusions
SADI and OAGB are both effective as revisional procedures for SCR/RoW after SG. OAGB is associated with a significantly higher rate of mid-term complications and a not negligible rate of conversion (RYGB). Larger studies are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
Contributions of the left and right thalami to language: A meta-analytic approach
Authors: Bulut Talat , Hagoort Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground: Despite a pervasive cortico-centric view in cognitive neuroscience, subcortical structures including the thalamus have been shown to be increasingly involved in higher cognitive functions. Previous structural and functional imaging studies demonstrated cortico-thalamo-cortical loops which may support various cognitive functions including language. However, large-scale functional connectivity of the thalamus during language tasks has not been examined before. Methods: The present study employed meta-analytic connectivity modeling to identify language-related coactivation patterns of the left and right thalami. The left and right thalami were used as regions of interest to search the BrainMap functional database for neuroimaging experiments with healthy participants reporting language-related activations in each region of interest. Activation likelihood estimation analyses were then carried out on the foci extracted from the identified studies to estimate functional convergence for each thalamus. A functional decoding analysis based on the same database was conducted to characterize thalamic contributions to different language functions. Results: The results revealed bilateral frontotemporal and bilateral subcortical (basal ganglia) coactivation patterns for both the left and right thalami, and also right cerebellar coactivations for the left thalamus, during language processing. In light of previous empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the present connectivity and functional decoding findings suggest that cortico-subcortical-cerebellar-cortical loops modulate and fine-tune information transfer within the bilateral frontotemporal cortices during language processing, especially during production and semantic operations, but also other language (e.g., syntax, phonology) and cognitive operations (e.g., attention, cognitive control). Conclusion: The current findings show that the language-relevant network extends beyond the classical left perisylvian cortices and spans bilateral cortical, bilateral subcortical (bilateral thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia) and right cerebellar regions.
Nationwide hospitalizations of patients with down syndrome and congenital heart disease over a 15-year period
Authors: Guariento Alvise , Cattapan Claudia , Lorenzoni Giulia , Guerra Giulia , Doulamis Ilias P. , di Salvo Giovanni , Gregori Dario , Vida Vladimiro L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDown syndrome is one of the most common genetic diseases, generally associated with an increased probability of congenital heart diseases. This increased risk contributes to escalated levels of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to analyze nationwide data of pediatric and adult patients with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease over a 15-year period. Data obtained from the hospital discharge form between 2001 and 2016 of patients diagnosed with Down syndrome in Italy and at least one congenital heart disease were included. Information on 12362 admissions of 6527 patients were included. Age at first admission was 6.2 ± 12.8 years and was a predictor of mortality (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.13–2.03, p = 0.006). 3923 (60.1%) patients underwent only one admission, while 2604 (39.9%) underwent multiple (> 1) admissions. There were 5846 (47.3%) admissions for cardiac related symptoms. Multiple admissions (SHR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.99, 3.27; P < 0.01) and cardiac admissions (SHR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.92, 2.09; P < 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of additional potential readmissions. There was an increased risk of mortality for patients who had cardiac admissions (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08–1.94, p = 0.012), and for those who underwent at least 1 cardiac surgical procedure (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.13–2.03, p = 0.006).Conclusions: A younger age at first admission is a predictor for mortality in patients with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease. If patients undergo more than one admission, the risk of further readmissions increases. There is a pivotal role for heart disease in influencing the hospitalization rate and subsequent mortality.

What is Known:• Down syndrome individuals often face an increased risk of congenital heart diseases.• Congenital heart diseases contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in Down syndrome patients.

What is New:• This study analyzes nationwide data covering a 15-year period of pediatric and adult patients in Italy with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease.• It identifies a younger age at first admission as a predictor for mortality in these patients, emphasizing the criticality of early intervention.• Demonstrates a correlation between multiple admissions, particularly those related to cardiac issues, and an increased risk of further readmissions, providing insights into the ongoing healthcare needs of these individuals.