bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of peptides and proteins in melanoidin formation
Authors: Smaniotto Anna , Bertazzo Antonella , Comai Stefano , Traldi Pietro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHigh‐molecular‐weight (HMW) coloured compounds called melanoidins are widely distributed, particularly in foods. It has been proposed that they originate through the Maillard reaction, a non‐enzymatic browning reaction, due to the interaction between protein or peptide amino groups and carbohydrates. The melanoidin structure is not definitively known, and they have been generally defined as HMW nitrogen‐containing brown polymers.In order to gain information on the nature of melanoidins, a simple in vitro model was chosen to investigate the products of the reactions between sugars and peptide/proteins. This approach would elucidate whether melanoidin formation is due to the binding of different sugar units to a peptide/protein or vice versa. With this aim, the reactivity of two different peptides, EPK177 and physalaemin, and a low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) protein, lysozyme, was tested towards different saccharides (glucose, maltotriose (MT), maltopentaose and dextran 1000) in aqueous solutions at different temperatures. The incubation mixtures were analysed at different reaction times by MALDI/MS. Furthermore, in order to verify the possible role of sugar pyrolysis products in melanoidin formation, the products arising from the thermal treatment at 200 °C of MT were incubated with lysozyme, and the reaction products were analysed by the same MS approach.The obtained results allowed the establishment of some general views: melanoidins cannot simply originate by reactions of sugar moieties with proteins. In fact, the reaction easily occurs, but it does not lead to any coloured product, as melanoidins have been described to be; melanoidins cannot originate from the thermal degradation products of glycated proteins. In fact, the thermal treatment of glycated lysozyme leads to a severe degradation of the protein with the formation of LMW species, far from the view of melanoidins as HMW compounds; experimental evidence has been gained on the melanoidin formation through reaction of intact protein with the pyrolysis products of MT. This hypothesis has been supported either from MALDI measurements or from spectroscopic data that show an absorption band in the range 300–600 nm, typical of melanoidins. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacillus subtilis NRRL B‐30408 inoculation enhances the symbiotic efficiency of Lens esculenta Moench at a Himalayan location
Authors: K. Rinu , Pandey Anita 
Published: January 2009

AbstractField‐based experiments were conducted to evaluate the promotion abilities of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B‐30408 for growth of lentil (Lens esculenta Moench) at a mountain location of Indian Himalaya in two consecutive years. Observations were recorded for plant growth, yield, nodulation, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi, and other related parameters. A positive influence of bacterial inoculation on plant biomass and yield‐related parameters was recorded in both years. The significant increase in growth and nodule numbers as well as leghaemoglobin and protein concentrations of nodules indicated an enhancement in efficiency of the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis due to bacterial inoculation. An increase in protein concentration was also recorded for shoots, leaves, and seeds. Due to bacterial inoculation, there was an increase in colonization by endophytic fungi and a simultaneous decrease in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots. Based on the results of this field study, inoculation with suitable plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria instead of dual inoculation is suggested as a better option for improving the yield and related attributes of a primary dietary legume such as lentil.
Design of compact dual‐ and tri‐band bandpass filters using λ/4 and λ/2 resonators
Authors: Chen Fu‐Chang , Chu Qing‐Xin , Tu Zhi‐Hong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article presents a novel approach for designing dual‐ and tri‐band bandpass filters with independently controlled center frequencies and bandwidths. λ/4 and λ/2 resonators are used to obtain dual‐ and tri‐band responses. λ/4 resonators are designed to operate at the lower passband(s) and λ/2 resonators are designed to operate at the higher passband. The bandwidth of each passband can be tuned independently by adjusting the coupling gap. To verify the presented concept, two experimental examples of filters have been designed and fabricated and good agreements are shown between the simulation and the measurement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 638–641, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24111
Planar realization of a Q‐band triple‐mode filter using high‐order resonances
Authors: Dong Yuandan , Hong Wei , Tang Hongjun , Chen Jixin , Wu Ke 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simple method for a Q‐band planar triple‐mode filter with quasi‐elliptic function response is proposed in this letter. This filter is implemented using a high‐order mode cavity with substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) technology and standard printed circuit board (PCB) process. By adopting an orthogonal input and output feed‐line and introducing some perturbation, transmission zeros are generated on both sides, which have significantly improved filter selectivity and out‐of‐band rejection. This triple‐mode resonator is then combined with a circular dual‐mode cavity to obtain a highly selective filter in Q‐band with better stopband rejection. Both of the two filters are fabricated and measured. Low insertion loss and sharp sideband characteristic are observed, which is in good agreement with simulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 600–603, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24114
A compact high‐isolation parallel coupler with π‐shaped structure
Authors: Chen Dong‐Zhou , Wang Xin‐Huai , Weng Li‐Hong , Shi Xiao‐Wei , Yang Yue‐Yan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA compact microstrip parallel coupler with high isolation is presented in this article. Adopting reflected power canceller (RPC) approach, the developed coupler with π‐shaped structure not only effectively enhance the directivity of the coupler but also compact size. For verification purposes, a proposed parallel coupler is fabricated and measured at 915 MHz. The proposed couplers achieve a physical size reduction of almost 35% with the performance competed with the conventional one. Moreover, the proposed parallel coupler can obtain excellent isolation of −58.4 dB and directivity of −40.4 dB at 915 MHz. Simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results, which verified the reliability of the designed coupler. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 663–666, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24115
A 2.4/5.7‐GHz dual‐band low‐power CMOS RF receiver with embedded band‐select switches
Authors: Huang D.‐R. , Lu C.‐L. , Chuang H.‐R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article presents a 2.4‐/5.7‐GHz dual‐band low‐power direct‐conversion CMOS RF receiver for the 802.11a/b/g WLAN applications. The RF receiver includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) with dual input stages and dual switches for each of 2.4/5.7‐GHz applications. This design can substitute the use of two LNAs in conventional structure and eliminate the use of the costly external band‐select switches. It also alleviates the difficulty of single matching for multiple frequency bands. The RF receiver also includes a Gilbert‐cell‐based broadband mixer which is designed to be both low power consumption and relatively high conversion gain. Fabricated in 0.18‐μm CMOS technology, the RF receiver exhibits a conversion gain of 25.8/20.6 dB, DSB noise figure of 4.4/5.6 dB, and input IP3 of −18/−12.5 dBm at 2.4/5.7 GHz frequency band, respectively. The measured EVM for IEEE 802.11a/b/g is 1.2/1.6/1.1% at data rate of 11/54/54 Mbps. The power consumption under 1.8 V supply is 10.6 mW for the 2.4 GHz mode, and 17.2 mW for the 5.7 mode. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 593–597, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24120
A novel butterfly‐shaped monopole UWB antenna
Authors: Ye Qiubo , Ning Chen Zhi , See Terence S. P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe proposed butterfly‐shaped monopole ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna consists of two radiating elements (wings) positioned with an angle between them, which provides one more dimension for impedance matching. The simulated and measured results show that the design achieves a broad impedance bandwidth and stable radiation performance over the UWB band. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 590–593, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24125
Investigation of equivalent lumped elements of the ring‐like resoator with different impedance
Authors: Weng Min‐Hang , Liu Shih‐Kun , Liu Yi‐Ting , Hung Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, the equivalent circuit of the ring‐like resonator with different impedance is simply modeled as the parallel GLC lumped element. We then investigated the equivalent lumped elements of the ring‐like resonator with different width of the ring (i.e., different impedance of the ring) by using the transmission‐line analysis. The resonant frequency shifts to higher frequency when the width of the ring structure is increased. It is noted that when the width of the ring structure is large enough, the resonant frequency of the ring structure will be very close with that of the patch structure. The circuit simulated results from the extracted element values are in good agreement with the full‐wave simulation results and the measured results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 615–618, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24130
The design and fabrication of optical fiber Bragg grating filter with dual‐bandpass pair by phase sampling and phase shift techniques
Authors: Xia Li , Shum P. , Nam Ngo Quoc , Cheng Tee Hiang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPhase sampling and phase shift techniques are introduced in a uniform fiber Bragg grating structure to achieve a multi‐bandpass filter with ultranarrow transmission bandwidth. A pair of dual‐bandpass transmission windows are opened at 1542.32, 1542.36, and 1542.66, 1542.71 nm, respectively. The channel spacing between the pair can be designed by the phase sampling period, as well as the wavelength spacing in the dual‐bandpass can be controlled through the phase shift length. This new kind of bandpass structure can be applied in the ultranarrow filtering in multichannel, multiwavelength distributed feedback Bragg lasing, photonic generation of microwave signal etc. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 790–791, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24140
Wavelength tuning using an arrayed waveguide gratings demultiplexer
Authors: Xiao Gaozhi , Mrad Nezih , Zhang Zhiyi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel wavelength tuning method using a specially designed arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) demultiplexer was demonstrated. It was found that the transmission wavelengths of the AWG channels change linearly with the scanning of the input fiber along the facet of the input coupler of the AWG device. Initial results showed that more than 35 nm tuning range can be achieved at resolution of picometer. Optical spectra measurement using this novel wavelength tuning method is also reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 693–696, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24145
Very‐small‐size folded loop antenna with a band‐stop matching circuit for WWAN operation in the mobile phone
Authors: Chi Yun‐Wen , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA folded loop antenna with a band‐stop matching circuit for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation in the mobile phone is presented. The folded loop antenna alone occupies a very small volume of 0.6 cm3 only, yet it can generate a lower band covering GSM850 operation and an upper band covering GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. By incorporating a band‐stop matching circuit with a central frequency at about 1.05 GHz and a 3‐dB band‐stop bandwidth of less than 200 MHz, the antenna's lower band can have a dual‐resonance behavior, hence resulting in a much widened operating band capable of covering GSM850/900 operation. In addition, such a band‐stop matching circuit shows very small effects on the antenna's upper band. This property makes it easy for the antenna to cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation. Design considerations and experimental results of the very‐small‐size folded loop antenna with the band‐stop matching circuit are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 808–814, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24147
Impedance matching Wilkinson power dividers in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology
Authors: Kaymaksut Ercan , Gürbüz Yasar , Tekin Ibrahim 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article presents two miniature impedance matching Wilkinson power divider circuits in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for on‐chip power combining techniques for WLAN applications. The impedance matching Wilkinson power divider circuits are used as splitter/combiner for a 5.2 GHz fully integrated class‐A mode combined power amplifier. The splitter and combiner are designed to match the input and output impedances of the amplifier, respectively, so that no additional impedance matching is needed. Two fabricated impedance matching Wilkinson power divider circuits (splitter and combiner) have insertion losses better than 1.4 dB, return losses less than −13 dB and port‐to‐port isolation >12 dB at 5.2 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 681–685, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24159
Polygon slot antenna with a dual band‐reject characteristic for WiMAX applications
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shan , Lin Feng‐Yu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this letter, a novel design of broadband antenna with band‐reject characteristic for WiMAX applications is proposed and studied. In this design, an antenna consists of a triangle and rectangle slots on the ground plane and a rectangle patch is to generate broadband operation of 10 dB return loss from 2.3 to 8 GHz (BW = 110.7%). Furthermore, insertion of two strips into the polygon slot can achieve the triple‐band operation of 2.15–2.71, 3.17–3.81, and 5.03–6.32 GHz. It plays a role as a filter to eliminate the undesired band. The proposed antenna with a band‐reject characteristic is calibrated for WiMAX application that covers the band from 2.4 to 2.7, 3.3 to 3.8, and 5.15 to 5.85 GHz. And, this antenna has advantages of good radiation characteristics, small size, and smooth antenna gain. Details of the proposed antenna configuration and experimental results are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 854–860, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24160
A wideband wire ring self‐structuring antenna
Authors: Zhang H.‐T. , Yin Y.‐Z. , Wei W.‐B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, a wideband wire ring self‐structuring antenna (SSA) with 23 controllable switches is analyzed and designed. The proposed antenna is optimized by the optimal algorithm of genetic algorithm (GA) combined with method of moment (MOM). The VSWR bandwidth of 40–450 MHz less than 1.6 has been achieved by selecting the switches open or closed. Experiments have been carried out with good agreement with simulated results. From the results of measurement, it can be seen that in some combination of switches states, the proposed antenna has wideband performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 817–819, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24162
A 20 W GaN HEMT harmonic impedance tuned class‐F power amplifier
Authors: Kim Ji‐Yeon , Chun Sang‐Hyun , Yoo Ho‐Joon , Kim Jong‐Heon , Stapleton Shawn P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA design methodology of harmonic output impedance optimization is proposed to achieve high efficient power amplifier. First of all, the effects of harmonic impedances of high frequency and high power device on drain voltage and current are analyzed. The optimum harmonic impedance region for high efficiency improvement are suggested through the analysis of efficiency variations due to the internal impedance and output matching circuit of high frequency and high power device. From the measured results, a GaN harmonic tuned class‐F amplifier has achieved 77% drain efficiency at the output power of 20 W. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 779–782, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24164
Novel dual‐loop antenna placed over patch array surface for UHF RFID of dielectric and metallic objects
Authors: Milan Švanda , Milan Polívka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNovel electrically small low‐profile dual‐loop antenna over artificial‐like surface, formed by four‐element sub‐wavelength patch array printed on grounded dielectric slab used for shielding in UHF RFID applications, has been developed. The badge‐sized antenna exhibits the gain of about 1 dBi and antenna efficiency amounting to approximately 30–40% whether it is placed in free space or enclosed to dielectric/metallic objects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 709–713, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24169
Design of miniaturized ultra‐wideband antennas with band notch characteristic
Authors: Choi Se‐Hwan , Lee Ho‐Jun , Kim Jong‐Kyu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, the compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna with band notch characteristic and the miniaturized antenna are proposed. To realize the stop band, the spoon‐shaped slots are inserted in the pattern of planar monopole antenna. These antennas are operating in the UWB spectrum from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and has the stop band from 4.8 to 6.3 GHz where VSWR is higher than 3. They are made by low‐temperature cofired ceramic process, and the size of the miniaturize antenna is 8 × 15 × 1 mm3. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 717–720, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24190
Humidity sensitive properties of copolymer of quaternary ammonium salt with polyether–salt complex
Authors: Lv Xin , Li Yang , Yang Mujie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractQuaternized and salt‐doped copolymer of 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) was used to prepare resistive thin film humidity sensors. Their humidity sensitive properties have been characterized. The effects of the proportion of the comonomer and the amount of doped salt on the humidity sensitive properties of quaternized and salt‐doped copolymer have been investigated. The humidity sensitive mechanisms of two different monomer structural units in the copolymer were discussed. The sensors based on the copolymers with different proportions of the comonomers exhibit a variety of conductivity and sensitivity for different humidities. Especially, the sensors exhibit high conductivity even at very low humidity. It is proposed that the good humidity sensitive properties are related to the introduction of salt‐doped PEGMEMA in the copolymer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Fe3O4 and TiO2 addition on the microwave absorption property of polyaniline micro/nanocomposites
Authors: Phang Sook Wai , Tadokoro Masato , Watanabe Jiro , Kuramoto Noriyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this communication, novel hexanoic acid (HA) doped PAni micro/nanocomposites containing TiO2 (dielectric filler, 30 nm) and Fe3O4 (magnetic filler, 1 µm) that possess high conductivity, dielectric, and magnetic properties are reported. The micro/nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The conductivity, dielectric, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of the micro/nanocomposites are discussed. The resultant nanorods/tubes shown in the SEM images indicate that PAni micro/nanocomposites exhibit polymerization through elongation. The results show that synthesis parameters such as amount and particle size of TiO2 and Fe3O4 used significantly affect the morphology, conductivity, and microwave absorption property of the resultant PAni. PAni/HA/TiO2/Fe3O4 with 40% of Fe3O4 achieves the best performance of microwave absorption (greater than 99.4% absorption) at high frequency and suitable to be applied as a good microwave absorbing and shielding material. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting clinical innovation: An organization‐wide approach to practice‐based development
Authors: McGeehan Beccy , Debbage Sam , Gilsenan Irene , Jennings Anne , Jennings Catherine , Laker Sara , Thompson Shirley , Beastall Helen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEngaging clinicians in practice development initiatives can be a daunting task, especially if those staff groups are spread over a five‐site NHS Trust. Within Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (STHFT), the geography across the city adds a unique dimension to bringing about changes in practice and using the best possible evidence. Specific strategies need to be put in place in order to enable clinicians to access specialist help within the Trust, using the available networks to their best advantage and thereby reducing repetition. The role of a practice development team situated within such a large organization can influence changes in practice and encourage newer innovative ways of working. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.