bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone lactylation bridges metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic rewiring in driving carcinogenesis: Oncometabolite fuels oncogenic transcription
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Hang , Li Meili , Lu Peirong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeightened lactate production in cancer cells has been linked to various cellular mechanisms such as angiogenesis, hypoxia, macrophage polarisation and T‐cell dysfunction. The lactate‐induced lactylation of histone lysine residues is noteworthy, as it functions as an epigenetic modification that directly augments gene transcription from chromatin. This epigenetic modification originating from lactate effectively fosters a reliance on transcription, thereby expediting tumour progression and development. Herein, this review explores the correlation between histone lactylation and cancer characteristics, revealing histone lactylation as an innovative epigenetic process that enhances the vulnerability of cells to malignancy. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge the paramount importance of acknowledging innovative therapeutic methodologies for proficiently managing cancer by precisely targeting lactate signalling. This comprehensive review illuminates a crucial yet inadequately investigated aspect of histone lactylation, providing valuable insights into its clinical ramifications and prospective therapeutic interventions centred on lactylation.
Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, erythrocyte, and platelet in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Kawanami Shodai , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Egami Yasuyuki , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Seo Masahiro , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Tamaki Shunsuke , Sotomi Yohei , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi ,   the Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC)‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsLow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), anaemia and low platelets have been associated with worse clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. We investigated the relationship between the combination of these three components and clinical outcome in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and resultsWe examined the data of 1021 patients with HFpEF hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) from the PURSUIT‐HFpEF registry, a prospective, multicenter observational study. The enrolled patients were classified into four groups by an LEP (LDL‐C, Erythrocyte, and Platelet) score of 0 to 3 points, with 1 point each for LDL‐C, erythrocyte and platelet values less than the cut‐off values as calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The endpoint, a composite of all‐cause death and HF readmission, was evaluated among the four groups. Median follow‐up duration was 579 [300, 978] days. Risk of the composite endpoint significantly differed among the four groups (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the groups with an LEP score of 2 had higher risk of the composite endpoint than those with an LEP score of 0 or 1 (P < 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively), while those with an LEP score of 3 had higher risk than those with an LEP score of 0, 1 or 2 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that an LEP score of 3 was significantly associated with the composite endpoint (P = 0.030). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that risk of the composite of all‐cause death and HF readmission was significantly higher in low LDL values (less than the cut‐off values as calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis) patients with statin use than in those without statin use (log rank P = 0.002).ConclusionsLEP score, which comprehensively reflects extra‐cardiac co‐morbidities, is significantly associated with clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients.
Enantioselective analysis of the pesticide imazamox after in vitro permeability study in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Serpellone Carolina Oliveira , Barbetta Maike Felipe Santos , Perovani Icaro Salgado , Ballestero Giulia , de Albuquerque Nayara Cristina Perez , de Oliveira Anderson Rodrigo Moraes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImazamox (IMX), a chiral herbicide used in cereals and oilseed crops to control weeds, is commonly sold as a racemic mixture. Its enantiomers, being chiral compounds, may exhibit unique properties when exposed to chiral environments. While IMX enantiomers have been reported to degrade differently in soil and be toxic to some species, their effects on human systems remain poorly understood. This study utilized Caco‐2 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) cells to assess the in vitro permeability of a racemic mixture of IMX and its isolated enantiomers. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate whether the metabolite imazamox‐O‐desmethyl (IMX‐D) forms during the permeability process. An enantioselective chromatographic method was developed, fully validated, and the apparent permeability values were obtained. The apparent permeability of rac‐IMX, (+)‐IMX, and (−)‐IMX was determined to be 4.15 × 10–5, 5.78 × 10–5, and 7.33 × 10–5 cm s–1, respectively. These findings suggest that IMX exhibits high intestinal permeability, with an enantioselective absorption for (–)‐IMX as compared to (+)‐IMX. Finally, the permeability study in Caco‐2 cells revealed that the metabolite IMX‐D was not generated.
Use of instructional videos to teach mechanical systems analysis based on the finite element method in a class with local and overseas students
Authors: Bozkurt Selim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInstructional videos have the advantage of delivering visual and verbal learning materials simultaneously and they can be used for teaching. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning outcomes in Mechanical Systems Analysis based on the Finite Element Method for video‐based teaching blended with face‐to‐face education. Forty‐five students whose first languages are English, Mandarin and others participated in a survey to evaluate learning outcomes. The learning outcomes were analyzed using the one‐sample Chi‐square test or binomial test. The correlation between the usefulness of the text‐based and video‐based learning materials and the first language of the students was analyzed using the Pearson Chi‐square test. P values smaller than 0.05 were assumed to be statistically significant. Overall 34 students found video‐based learning materials very useful whereas 10 students found them useful resulting in a statistically significant difference. Twenty‐four students found text‐based learning materials very useful whereas 20 students found them useful without statistically significant difference. Student cohorts speaking English and Mandarin as their first language found video‐based learning materials significantly very useful. Video‐based learning materials can be used to improve learning outcomes in courses with computer applications and students can benefit from a blended teaching strategy regardless of their first language.
Surgical management of status epilepticus: A systematic review
Authors: Jha Rohan , Blitz Sarah E. , Chua Melissa M. J. , Warren Aaron E. L. , Lee Jong Woo , Rolston John D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStatus Epilepticus (SE), unresponsive to medical management, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical management is typically considered in these refractory cases. The best surgical approach for affected patients remains unclear; however, given the lack of controlled trials exploring the role of surgery. We performed a systematic review according to PRIMSA guidelines, including case reports and series describing surgical interventions for patients in SE. Cases (157 patients, median age 12.9 years) were followed for a median of 12 months. Patients were in SE for a median of 21 days before undergoing procedures including: focal resection (36.9%), functional hemispherectomy (21%), lobar resection (12.7%), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) (12.7%), deep brain stimulation (DBS) (6.4%), multiple subpial transection (MST) (3.8%), responsive neurostimulation (RNS) (1.9%), and cortical stimulator placement (1.27%), with 24 patients undergoing multiple procedures. Multiple SE semiologies were identified. 47.8% of patients had focal seizures, and 65% of patients had focal structural abnormalities on MRI. SE persisted for 36.8 ± 47.7 days prior to surgical intervention. SE terminated following surgery in 81.5%, terminated with additional adjuncts in 10.2%, continued in 1.9%, and was not specified in 6.4% of patients. Long‐term seizure outcomes were favorable, with the majority improved and 51% seizure‐free. Eight patients passed away in follow‐up, of which three were in SE. Seizures emerging from one hemisphere were both more likely to immediately terminate (OR 4.7) and lead to long‐term seizure‐free status (OR 3.9) compared to nonunilateral seizures. No other predictors, including seizure focality, SE duration, or choice of surgical procedure, were predictors of SE termination. Surgical treatment of SE can be effective in terminating SE and leading to sustained seizure freedom, with many different procedures showing efficacy if matched appropriately with SE semiology and etiology.Plain Language SummaryPatients with persistent seizures (Status Epilepticus) that do not stop following medications can be treated effectively with surgery. Here, we systematically review the entirety of existing literature on surgery for treating status epilepticus to better identify how and when surgery is used and what patients do after surgery.
Empowering equality: Advancing quality education in the contemporary global landscape
Authors: Odondi Walter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive study investigates the multifaceted dimensions of education, with a primary emphasis on access, equity and quality in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and Kenya's educational landscape. The research begins by highlighting the centrality of education as a transformative force for individuals and societies, with the goal of bridging disparities that impede progress. The study introduces the concept of ‘Learning Poverty’, highlighting the worldwide problem of children's inability to read and comprehend fundamental texts, which is especially prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa. It highlights the dire consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic, exacerbating pre‐existing learning crises and exacerbating inequalities, particularly in regions already struggling with high rates of learning deprivation. In the context of Kenya, the research examines the nation's aspirations for equitable education with an emphasis on assuring access to quality secondary education, distributing resources' equitably, addressing disparities between public and private schools and promoting gender equity. It recognises ongoing efforts while addressing persistent barriers, such as low transition rates especially for girls. This research concludes by emphasising the critical significance of an unwavering commitment to well‐defined policy approaches and comprehensive reform initiatives to improve the quality and inclusiveness of education. It cautions against an overemphasis on privatisation and competition and urges a comprehensive reorganisation of policies and resource allocation in order to align with the Sustainable Development Goals. This study emphasises the importance of addressing educational disparities for global progress and the holistic development of children around the globe.
Well googled is half done: Multimodal forecasting of new fashion product sales with image‐based google trends
Authors: Skenderi Geri , Joppi Christian , Denitto Matteo , Cristani Marco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNew fashion product sales forecasting is a challenging problem that involves many business dynamics and cannot be solved by classical forecasting approaches. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of systematically probing exogenous knowledge in the form of Google Trends time series and combining it with multi‐modal information related to a brand‐new fashion item, in order to effectively forecast its sales despite the lack of past data. In particular, we propose a neural network‐based approach, where an encoder learns a representation of the exogenous time series, while the decoder forecasts the sales based on the Google Trends encoding and the available visual and metadata information. Our model works in a non‐autoregressive manner, avoiding the compounding effect of large first‐step errors. As a second contribution, we present VISUELLE, a publicly available dataset for the task of new fashion product sales forecasting, containing multimodal information for 5,577 real, new products sold between 2016 and 2019 from Nunalie, an Italian fast‐fashion company. The dataset is equipped with images of products, metadata, related sales, and associated Google Trends. We use VISUELLE to compare our approach against state‐of‐the‐art alternatives and several baselines, showing that our neural network‐based approach is the most accurate in terms of both percentage and absolute error. It is worth noting that the addition of exogenous knowledge boosts the forecasting accuracy by 1.5% in terms of Weighted Absolute Percentage Error (WAPE), revealing the importance of exploiting informative external information. The code and dataset are both available online (at https://github.com/HumaticsLAB/GTM-Transformer).
New runs‐based approach to testing value at risk forecasts
Authors: Małecka Marta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe reformed Basel framework has left value at risk (VaR) as a basic tool of validating risk models. Within this framework, VaR independence tests have been regarded as critical to ensuring stability during periods of financial turmoil. However, until now, there is no consent among researchers regarding the choice of the appropriate test. The available procedures are either inaccurate in finite samples or need to rely on Monte Carlo simulations. To remedy these problems, we propose a new method for testing VaR models, based on the distribution of the number of runs. It outperforms the existing methods in two main aspects: First, it is exact in finite samples and thus allows for perfect control over the Type 1 error; second, its distribution is available in a closed form, so it does not require simulations before implementation. We show that it is the most adequate current procedure for testing low‐level VaR series, which corresponds to today's regulatory standards.
A joint autoencoder and classifier deep neural network for AD and MCI classification
Authors: Ganotra Reema , Gupta Shailender , Dora Shirin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present a new approach to distinguish progressive mild cognitively impaired (pMCI) subjects, who eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) from stable MCI (sMCI) subjects whose situation does not deteriorate into AD. The proposed approach combines the discriminating capabilities of classifiers and representation learning capacities of autoencoders into a unified architecture, and is hence termed as joint autoencoder and classifier deep neural network (JACDNN). JACDNN employs a single classifier and multiple autoencoders that are trained together to perform pattern classification. The classifier in JACDNN is trained using standard approaches to distinguish between subject from different classes using the binary cross entropy loss. The autoencoders in JACDNN, regularizes individual layers in the network used for classification to learn representations useful for reconstructing a given input. The performance of JACDNN has been evaluated on several machine learning problems pertaining to dementia, namely AD versus cognitively normal (CN) subjects, AD versus sMCI, CN versus pMCI, and pMCI versus sMCI. These problems are targeted using two datasets. The first dataset consist of gray matter (GM) features of subjects and the second dataset consist of combination of GM and white matter (WM) features. It is observed that better classification results are obtained when the classifier is built on GM and WM as compared with GM features alone. Performance comparison of JACDNN with other existing approaches has been conducted for these problems. The results clearly indicate that JACDNN performs better than other existing approaches for these problems.
Analysis of the experimental absorption spectrum of the rabbit lung and identification of its components
Authors: Pinheiro Maria R. , Tuchin Valery V. , Oliveira Luís M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe broadband absorption coefficient spectrum of the rabbit lung presents some particular characteristics that allow the identification of the chromophores in this tissue. By performing a weighted combination of the absorption spectra of water, hemoglobin, DNA, proteins and the pigments melanin and lipofuscin, it was possible to obtain a good match to the experimental absorption spectrum of the lung. Such reconstruction provided reasonable information about the contents of the tissue components in the lung tissue, and allowed to identify a similar accumulation of melanin and lipofuscin.
Biosafety and chemical solubility studies of multiscale crystal‐reinforced lithium disilicate glass‐ceramics
Authors: Zhang Tong , Liu Jinrong , Qi Jin , Sun Lingxiang , Liu Xiaoming , Yan Jingyu , Zhang Yanjie , Wu Xiuping , Li Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) glass‐ceramics are currently a more widely used all‐ceramic restorative material due to their good mechanical properties and excellent aesthetic properties. However, they have a series of problems such as high brittleness and low fracture toughness, which has become the main bottleneck restricting its development. Therefore, in order to compensate for these shortcomings, we propose to prepare a reinforced glass‐ceramics with better mechanical properties and to test the biosafety and chemical solubility of the material. Li2Si2O5 whiskers were synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method, and multi‐scale crystal‐enhanced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics were prepared by reaction sintering. The biosafety of multi‐scale crystal‐reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics was investigated by in vitro cytotoxicity test, rabbit pyrogen test, mice bone marrow micronucleus test, skin sensitization test, sub‐chronic systemic toxicity test, and chronic systemic toxicity test. Additionally, the chemical solubility of multi‐scale crystal‐reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics was investigated. The test results showed that the material was non‐cytotoxic, non‐thermogenic, non‐mutagenic, non‐sensitizing, and non‐systemic. The chemical solubility, determined to be 377 ± 245 μg/cm2, complied with the ISO 6872 standard for the maximum solubility of ceramic materials. Multi‐scale crystal‐reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics' biosafety and chemical solubility met current normative criteria, and they can move on to mechanical property measurements (such as flexural strength test, fatigue life test, friction and wear property study, etc.) and bonding property optimization, which shows promise for future clinical applications.
The effect of confession evidence on conviction, and considering alternative scenarios as remedy in a sample of police officers
Authors: Niccolson Neville , Rassin Eric 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to prevent tunnel vision and ultimately miscarriages of justice, police, prosecutors and judges must remain open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is in fact innocent. However, it is not evident from the literature that people are sufficiently aware of how alternative scenarios should be employed in the decision making process. In the present research, 230 Dutch police officers read one of three versions of a case description. In the first version, there was strong evidence against the primary suspect. In the second version, the suspect additionally confessed, increasing the body of incriminating evidence. In the third version, the suspect confessed, but before deciding on their conviction, participants were instructed to consider how well each piece of evidence fitted in the primary but also in the alternative scenario (in which the crime was committed by an alternative suspect). Contrary to expectations, the confession did not increase conviction and the alternative‐scenario consideration did not suppress conviction. Implications of these null findings are discussed.
Introducing fitting models for estimating age‐specific dose and effective dose in paediatric patients undergoing head, chest and abdomen–pelvis imaging protocols: a patient study
Authors: Deevband Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Habib , Salimi Yazdan , Mostaar Ahmad , Deravi Niloofar , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Ghorbani Mehdi , Divband Abolhasan , Tavakoli Meysam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionConcerns regarding the adverse consequences of radiation have increased due to the expanded application of computed tomography (CT) in medical practice. Certain studies have indicated that the radiation dosage depends on the anatomical region, the imaging technique employed and patient‐specific variables. The aim of this study is to present fitting models for the estimation of age‐specific dose estimates (ASDE), in the same direction of size‐specific dose estimates, and effective doses based on patient age, gender and the type of CT examination used in paediatric head, chest and abdomen–pelvis imaging.MethodsA total of 583 paediatric patients were included in the study. Radiometric data were gathered from DICOM files. The patients were categorised into five distinct groups (under 15 years of age), and the effective dose, organ dose and ASDE were computed for the CT examinations involving the head, chest and abdomen–pelvis. Finally, the best fitting models were presented for estimation of ASDE and effective doses based on patient age, gender and the type of examination.ResultsThe ASDE in head, chest, and abdomen–pelvis CT examinations increases with increasing age. As age increases, the effective dose in head and abdomen–pelvis CT scans decreased. However, for chest scans, the effective dose initially showed a decreasing trend until the first year of life; after that, it increases in correlation with age.ConclusionsBased on the presented fitting model for the ASDE, these CT scan quantities depend on factors such as patient age and the type of CT examination. For the effective dose, the gender was also included in the fitting model. By utilising the information about the scan type, region and age, it becomes feasible to estimate the ASDE and effective dose using the models provided in this study.