bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing the role of atmospheric variability on the extreme summer monsoon precipitation events over India
Authors: kaagita Venkatramana , Thandlam Venugopal , Sakirevupalli Venkatramana Reddy , muriki Sathosh kumar , Mathew Milan , Byju Pookkandy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study focused on the impact of atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics on precipitation intensity during four extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in different locations across India from June to September 2019–2021. The magnitude and extent of precipitation observed in IMD and ERA5 varied during these EPEs. However, the occurrence of EPEs was strongly associated with enhanced convective potential energy, suppressed convective inhibition, low-level convergence, and high-level divergence, which favoured convection. EPEs were also linked to higher vorticity and a saturated atmosphere with relative humidity exceeding 80% in the upper layers. All EPEs experienced a strong low-level westerly flow and mid-tropospheric northerlies. While negative vertical velocity favouring uplift of warm moist air during EPEs, positive vertical velocities (subsidence) with reduced relative humidity below 60% were observed in the upper atmosphere after EPEs. A better understanding of EPEs can be achieved by including the enhanced view of thermodynamic components, such as the horizontal transport of water vapour and moist static energy, which have shown significant increases in magnitude during an EPE occurrence.
A Crank-Nicolson Finite Element treatment of time-dependent singularities of the one dimensional Heat equation
Authors: Nkeck Jake Leonard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The convergence rate of the Crank-Nicolson Finite Element Method (FEM) for the Heat equation can be affected if the solution entails time-dependent singularities. This paper presents a Crank-Nicolson FEM coupled to a Predictor-corrector algorithm to recover the optimal convergence rate when the solution has singularities. The FEM presented is based on the approximation of the time-dependent singular function by Fourier series. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the method.
New approach method for solving nonlinear differential equations of blood flow with nanoparticle in presence of magnetic field
Authors: Hamzeh Morteza , Kachabi Amirreza , Sipey Milad Heydari , Ganji Davood Domiri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, effect of physical parameters in presence of magnetic field on heat transfer and flow of third grade non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a porous medium with annular cross sectional analytically has been investigated. The viscosity of Nanofluid categorized in 3 model include constant model and variable models with temperature that in variable category Reynolds Model and Vogel's Model has been used to determine the effect of viscosity in flow filed. analytically solution for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration are developed by Akbari-Ganji's Method (AGM) that has high proximity with numerical solution (Runge-Kutta 4th-order). Physical parameters that used for extract result for non dimensional variables of nonlinear equations are pressure gradient, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, magnetic field intensity and Grashof number. The results show that the increase in the pressure gradient and Thermophoresis parameter and decrease in the Brownian motion parameter cause the rise in the velocity profile. Also the increase in the Grashof number and decrease in MHD parameter cause the rise in the velocity profile. Furthermore, either increase in Thermophoresis or decrease in Brownian motion parameters results in enhancement in nanoparticle concentration. The highest value of velocity is observed when the Vogel's Model is used for viscosity.
Ionosound Data Analysis for Precise Study of Ionospheric Electron Density
Authors: Dinede Amsalu Hundesa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The ionosphere, crucial for communication, navigation, and space weather forecasting, pro foundly impacts our technological infrastructure by reflecting and refracting radio waves. Enter Ionosound, a cutting-edge ionospheric sounder system revolutionizing our ability to capture and analyze ionospheric data. Unlike traditional radar, Ionosound employs sound waves to probe electron density profiles, unlocking new insights into the ionosphere’s intricate dynamics. This paper delves into Ionosound’s principles, capabilities, and applications in studying electron density, showcasing its pivotal role in advancing atmospheric research and space weather prediction. With a focus on electron density profiles peaking between 150-350 km, we examine Ionosonde measurements capturing reflections from the E-layer to the F2 peak, with notable absorption observed in the D-layer below the E-layer. We leverage key ionospheric parameters such as electron density profile (Ne), maximum electron density (NmF2), maximum ionization height (hmF2), and critical frequency (foF2) to deepen our analysis. However, it’s important to acknowledge Ionosonde’s limitation in probing only the lower ionospheric region, prompting us to supplement our findings using the Chapman electron density profile to extend observations to upper layers. Through meticulous analysis, Ionosound empowers scientists to explore the ionosphere’s responses to diverse phenomena with unprecedented precision, shaping the future of atmospheric science and space exploration.
Multi-gauge calibration comparison for simulating streamflow across the Major River Basins in Madagascar: SWAT + Toolbox, R-SWAT, and SWAT + Editor Hard calibration
Authors: Harifidy Rakotoarimanana Zy , Hiroshi Ishidaira , Kazuyoshi Souma , Jun Magome , Harivelo Rakotoarimanana Zy Misa , Fernández-Palomino Carlos Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This paper aims to improve the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model performance across the Major River Basins in Madagascar (MRBM), specifically for SWAT simulation in the Manambolo, Onilahy, Mananara, and Mandrare basins. A multi-gauge calibration was carried out to compare the performance of SWAT+ Toolbox, and R-SWAT, SWAT+ Editor Hard calibration on a monthly time step for the periods 1982–1999. We found that the SWAT+ model generated greater surface runoff, while the SWAT model resulted in higher groundwater flow in both CSFR and CHIRPS datasets. It has been demonstrated that the SWAT+ Toolbox had more potential in calibrating runoff across the MRBM compared to R-SWAT. Calibration in both methods led to a reduction in surface runoff, percolation, water yield, and curve number but increased the lateral flow, evapotranspiration (ET), and groundwater flow. The results showed that the multi-gauge calibrations did not significantly enhance simulation performance in the MRBM compared to single-site calibration. The performance of the SWAT+ model for runoff simulation within the SWAT+ Toolbox and R-SWAT was unsatisfactory for most basins (NSE &lt; 0) except for Betsiboka, Mahavavy, Tsiribihina, Mangoro, and Mangoky basins (NSE = 0.40–0.70; R2 = 0.45–0.80, PBIAS≤ ±25), whether considering the CHIRPS or CSFR datasets. Further study is still required to address this issue.
The Emergence of N. sativa L. as a Green Antifungal Agent
Authors: Pandey Raghvendra , Pandey Brijesh , Bhargava Atul 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Nigella sativa L. has been widely used in the Unani, Ayurveda, Chinese,
and Arabic medicine systems and has a long history of medicinal and folk uses. Several phytoconstituents
of the plant are reported to have excellent therapeutic properties. In-vitro and in-vivo studies
have revealed that seed oil and thymoquinone have excellent inhibitory efficacy on a wide range
of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi.

Objective:
The present review aims to undertake a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the
antifungal effects of different phytochemical constituents of black cumin.

Method:
An exhaustive database retrieval was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science,
SciFinder, Google Scholar, and CABI to collect scientific information about the antifungal activity
of N. sativa L. with 1990 to 2023 as a reference range using ‘Nigella sativa,’ ‘Nigella oil,’ ‘antifungal
uses,’ ‘dermatophytic fungi,’ ‘candidiasis,’ ‘anti-aflatoxin,’ ‘anti-biofilm’ and ‘biological activity’
as the keywords.

Results:
Black cumin seeds, as well as the extract of aerial parts, were found to exhibit strong antifungal
activity against a wide range of fungi. Among the active compounds, thymoquinone exhibited
the most potent antifungal effect. Several recent studies proved that black cumin inhibits biofilm
formation and growth.

Conclusion:
The review provides an in-depth analysis of the antifungal activity of black cumin.
This work emphasizes the need to expand studies on this plant to exploit its antifungal properties for
biomedical applications.
The Prognostic Value and Clinical Significance of lncRNA SNHG5 Expression in Patients with Multiple Malignancies: A Bioinformatic and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pashirzad Mehran , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (lncRNA SNHG5)
has been identified as both a promising target for treatment and a predictor of prognosis in
diverse types of cancer. The objective of this study was to assess whether lncRNA SNHG5 expression
can be utilized as a prognostic biomarker for human cancer.

Methods:
To ensure a thorough search of the literature for relevant English studies published before
July 2023, several databases were searched, including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest,
Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The study evaluated the impact of lncRNA SNHG5 on the
overall survival (OS) of cancer by calculating the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR)
with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To further confirm the accuracy of the findings, the study investigated
the expression profile and prognostic significance of lncRNA SNHG5 through the use
of GenomicScape, OncoLnc, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and GEPIA databases.

Results:
In this study, 995 patients were examined across a total of fourteen original studies. The
findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between heightened lncRNA SNHG5
expression and reduced OS, as evidenced by both univariate and multivariate analyses (HR =
1.89; 95% CI, 1.44-2.49; p < 0.001; HR = 3.97; 95% CI, 1.80-8.73; p < 0.001, respectively).
Pooled OR analysis showed a significant association between over-expression of lncRNA SNHG5
with advanced histological grade (OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71; p = 0.007), present lymph node
metastasis (LNM; OR = 4.28; 95% CI, 2.47-7.43; p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR = 0.27;
95% CI, 0.15-0.49; p < 0.001). Bioinformatic databases confirmed that elevated SNHG5 expression
was significantly linked to poor prognosis in cancer patients, including colorectal cancer (CRC),
acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD), and a longer OS in
patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that lncRNA SNHG5 may serve as an adverse prognostic biomarker
in several human cancers. Further investigations are needed to better understand the underlying
mechanisms that link lncRNA SNHG5 to multiple malignancies.
Introduction of Honeycomb (Nidus Vespae) and Some of Its Most Important
Pharmacological Benefits
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Nidus Vespae (honeycomb), which is a well-known traditional Chinese
medicine, is the honey-comb of Polistes japonicus Saussure, Parapolybia varia Fabricius, or
Polistes olivaceus (De Geer), and it is usually harvest in winter and autumn.

Methods:
Its chemical component is completely complex combining honey, pollen, royal jelly,
and propolis and consequently has a significant number of bioactive components such as nitro
compounds, flavonoids, and polyphenols. It has shown various pharmacological impacts, such as
anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor effects.

Results:
In this review article, all relevant papers from various scholars and researchers were
searched in Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Honeycomb has various activities
and numerous pharmacological benefits and health advantages, and it can be considered a
valuable source of nutraceuticals, and an effective natural medicine and organic product.

Conclusion:
In this mini-review, we have decided to discuss the importance of traditional treatment,
and the pharmacological properties of Nidus Vespae
Exploration of Potential Cyclin-dependent Kinases and their Inhibitors to
Combat Abnormal Signalling and Cancer
Authors: Pilania Pradeep , Nandi Sisir , Meena Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Brij K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Regulation of cell proliferation depends on stimulatory and inhibitory factors that act
in a coordinated manner in response to external signals. Various agents, including mitogens,
growth factors, cytokines, and other external factors, can impact the mitotic cell cycle, resulting
in either provoking growth, differentiation, or apoptosis. Many kinases, such as protein kinases,
regulate mitotic cell proliferation through normal signalling. One of the major protein kinase
family members is cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which are responsible for the regulation of
cell cycle progression. If the cell cycle-regulatory mechanisms are permanently altered, it can
cause abnormal proliferation that leads to neoplasia. This can result in tumour development,
where the availability and expression of CDKs become altered, contributing significantly to impaired
cell proliferation. Changes like these are often a characteristic of cancer. CDK inhibitors
have shown significant clinical benefits in treating various types of tumours in recent years. The
output has been achieved by the clinical approvals of particular CDK inhibitors. Researchers
have also been studying the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecule for the last two
decades. This molecule uses ubiquitin-mediated proteasome mechanisms to break down specific
targets, making it a promising method for targeted protein degradation (TPD). TPD has become
a promising therapeutic option for tackling disease-causing proteins that are otherwise challenging
to treat using traditional small molecules. This review provides an overview of the state of
knowledge and a general understanding of selective or nonselective CDK inhibitors and
PROTAC degraders currently under development or clinically approved congeners, focusing on
improving cancer therapy.
Recent Advances in Chemistry, Mechanism, and Applications of Quantum Dots in
Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ranjbari Faride , Fathi Farzaneh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) are a kind of nanoparticle with unique optical properties that have
attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this paper, the characteristics of these nanoparticles and their applications
in nanophototherapy have been reviewed. Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and
photothermal therapy (PTT), has gained special importance because of its high accuracy and local treatment due
to the activation of the drug at the tumor site. PDT is a new way of cancer treatment that is performed by activating
light-sensitive compounds named photosensitizers (PS) by light. PSs cause the destruction of diseased tissue
through the production of singlet oxygen. PTT is another non-invasive method that induces cell death through the
conversion of near-infrared light (NIR) into heat in the tumor situation by the photothermal agent (PA). Through
using energy transfer via the FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) process, QDs provide light absorption
wavelength for both methods and cover the optical weaknesses of phototherapy agents.
Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of the New Tetrahydropyran
Derivative (2s,6s)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl) Methanol
Authors: Castro Gustavo Nunes de Santana , de Souza Raquel do Nascimento , da Silva Alba Cenélia Matos , Laureano-Melo Roberto , da Silva Côrtes Wellington , Capim Saulo Luis , de Almeida Vasconcellos Mário Luiz Araujo , Marinho Bruno Guimarães 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The development of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs plays a crucial role in modern medicine, aiming to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in patients. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are groups of drugs conventionally used to treat pain and in-flammation, but a wide range of adverse effects and ineffectiveness in some pathological conditions leads us to search for new drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Objectives:
In this regard, the authors intend to investigate the ((2s,6s)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl) methanol compound (LS20) on pain and acute inflammation.

Methods:
Male Swiss mice were evaluated using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail-flick as models of nociceptive evaluation and edema paw, air pouch and cell culture as models of inflammatory evaluation besides the rotarod test for assessment of motor impairment.

Results:
The compound showed an effect on the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin and tail-flick tests. Studying the mechanism of action, reversion of the antinociceptive effect of the compound was observed from previous intraperitoneal administration of selective and non-selective opioid antagonists on the tail flick test. In addition, the compound induced an antiedematogenic effect and reduced leukocyte migration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the air pouch model. LS20 was able to maintain cell viability, in addition to reducing cell production of TNF-α and IL-6.

Conclusion:
In summary, the LS20 compound presented an antinociceptive effect, demonstrating the participation of the opioid system and an anti-inflammatory effect related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The compound also demonstrated safety at the cellular level.
Effectiveness of Novel Drug Delivery System using Curcumin in
Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Aswar Urmila , Rathod Kundlik , Mathure Dyandevi 
Published: February 2024

:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain degeneration that gradually impairs a
person's memory and cognitive skills, eventually making it harder for them to perform everyday
activities. Its pathophysiology has been attributed to the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ),
neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and α-synuclein (A-s) in some cases. Presently, 4 drugs have been
approved for the treatment. They are Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine and Memantine. The
first three are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, while memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist.
Even though these medications are successful in treating mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease,
they have not been able to reverse the disease or even slow its progression completely. Hence,
natural products are gaining more popularity due to the advantage of the multitarget intervention
effect. The most investigated spice, Curcuma longa's bioactive component, curcumin, has
demonstrated anti-amyloid, anti-NFT, and anti-Lewy body properties and substantial antiinflammatory,
antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties. However, its proven neuroprotective
activity is hampered by many factors, such as poor water solubility and bioavailability. Therefore,
many novel formulations have been designed to improve its bioavailability with methods such as 1)
Micellar Solubilization, 2) Cyclodextrin Complexation, 3) Crystal Modification, and 4) Particle
Size Reduction, etc. The current chapter aims to summarize various novel formulations of curcumin
and their effectiveness in treating AD.
The Role of Ocimene in Decreasing α-Synuclein Aggregation using
Rotenone-induced Rat Model
Authors: Suresh Ankul Singh , Sood Aarita , Vellapandian Chitra 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Parkinson’s disease is defined by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in
the midbrain of substantia nigra associated with Lewy bodies. The precise mechanism is not
yet entirely understood.

Objective:
The study aims to determine whether ocimene has antiparkinsonian activity by reducing
α-Synuclein aggregation levels in the brains of rotenone-induced rat models.

Methods:
36 male rats were used for six groups, with six animals in each group. Vehicle, control
(rotenone, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p), standard (L-Dopa, 10 mg/kg, i.p), Test drug of low dose (66.66
mg/kg, i.p), medium dose (100 mg/kg, i.p), and high dose (200 mg/kg, i.p) were administered to
the rats. The open field, actophotometer, hanging wire, and catalepsy tests were used to assess
the rat’s motor performance. The expressions of biomarkers such as AchE, D2 Receptor, and α-
Synuclein were evaluated, and their level of expression in the brain samples was checked using
ELISA. Histopathological analysis was also carried out to determine the degree of neuron degeneration
in the brain samples.

Results:
The open field test showed significant anxiety levels, whereas test groups showed
fewer anxiety levels but increased motor activity. The biochemical tests revealed that rotenonetreated
rats had higher levels of AchE, but ocimene-treated rats had a significant decrease in
AchE levels. The test drug-treated rats also expressed high levels of D2 receptors. In ocimenetreated
rats, α-Synuclein aggregation was reduced, however, in rotenone-treated rats' brain samples,
higher clumps of α-Synuclein were observed.

Conclusion:
Ocimene has neuroprotective properties. As a result, this essential oil might be
helpful as a therapeutic treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Emerging Treatments for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Findlay Matthew C. , Kundu Mrinmoy , Nelson Jayson R. , Cole Kyril L. , Winterton Candace , Tenhoeve Samuel , Lucke-Wold Brandon 
Published: February 2024

:
The current landscape of therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a
significant adverse neurological event commonly resulting from the rupture of intracranial aneurysms,
is rapidly evolving. Through an in-depth exploration of the natural history of SAH, historical
treatment approaches, and emerging management modalities, the present work aims to provide a
broad overview of the shifting paradigms in SAH care. By synthesizing the historical management
protocols with contemporary therapeutic advancements, patient-specific treatment plans can be individualized
and optimized to deliver outstanding care for the best possible SAH-related outcomes.