bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Chronic Alcoholism on Development of Ischemic Cerebral Infarcts Following Unilateral Carotid Artery Ligation in Gerbils
Authors: Mandybur Thaddeus I. , Mendenhall Charles L. 
Published: February 2008

To test if chronic alcoholism potentiates mortality and accentuates cerebral infarcts associated with ischemia, 32 male and 33 female Mongolian gerbils were chronically fed ethanol in their diet for 6 weeks. Cerebral ischemia was then induced by ligation and sectioning of the right common carotid artery.Postoperatively, there was a mean difference in survival in the control versus the alcoholic gerbils. Whereas 76% of controls survived the operation, only 55% of alcoholic gerbils survived. Also, the alcoholic gerbils died earlier, usually in the initial 3 postoperation days.The incidence of cerebral infarcts was identical (52%) in both control and alcohol‐treated gerbils. There was, however, a difference in the extent (size) of the infarcts and tolerance to them. The alcoholic gerbils fended to develop either large infarcts which were usually lethal, or smaller infarcts but with decreased tolerance. The cerebral infarcts in the controls tended to be smaller with better survival. These findings suggest that chronic alcohol consumption contributes significantly to the risk of mortality associated with ischemic brain infarction reported in human alcoholics, and indicate that the alcoholic gerbil is a good experimental model to study the pathophysiology of this phenomenon.
Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Ethanol in High‐Risk and Control Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Behar David , Berg Carol J. , Rapoport Judith L. , Nelson William , Linnoila Markku , Cohen Martin , Bozevich Clara , Marshall Toni 
Published: February 2008

Blood and breath acetaldehyde levels were measured following ethanol ingestion (0.5 ml/kg) In 11 boys familially at risk for alcoholism and 11 age‐matched controls. No significant differences were found between groups for acetaldehyde, objective, or subjective measures of intoxicatlon. Previous reports of acetaldehyde as a marker of risk for aloholism were not confined.Baseline behavioral state predicted response to alcohol. Children tended to have a subjective response in a direction opposite from the baseline mood state.
Another example of a KEL1 variant red cell phenotype due to a threonine to serine change at position 193 of Kell glycoprotein
Authors: Lee‐Stroka Hallie , Slezak Stefanie L. , Adams Sharon , Martin Joshua , Robbins Fu‐Meei , Caruccio Lorraine , Byrne Karen M. , Stroncek David F. 
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND: Healthy subjects whose red blood cells (RBCs) react variably with anti‐KEL1, but strongly express other Kell blood group antigens, have been described and called KEL1 variant. A 53‐year‐old Caucasian blood donor was identified whose RBCs reacted with three monoclonal and two polyclonal anti‐KEL1 and did not react with two monoclonal and one polyclonal anti‐KEL1. The molecular basis of this phenotype was investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Genomic white blood cell DNA was analyzed for KEL*1/2 genotype by utilizing sequence‐specific primers and polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the region of the KEL*1/2 polymorphism at position 578 of KEL was analyzed by DNA sequencing.RESULTS: Genotyping of the donor with the KEL1 variant phenotype revealed that he was KEL*2 homozygous. Sequencing revealed one typical KEL*2 allele and a KEL*2 allele with an adenosine (A) to thymidine (T) substitution at position 577 that predicted a threonine to serine change at position 193.CONCLUSION: It is not known if this phenotype is clinically relevant, but for at least some genotyping applications probes that identify this polymorphism should be used and anti‐KEL1 should be tested for reactivity to this allele.
Effect of screening for red cell antibodies, other than anti‐D, to detect hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: a population study in the Netherlands
Authors: Koelewijn J.M. , Vrijkotte T.G.M. , Van Der Schoot C.E. , Bonsel G.J. , De Haas M. 
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND: Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a severe disease, resulting from maternal red cell (RBC) alloantibodies directed against fetal RBCs. The effect of a first‐trimester antibody screening program on the timely detection of HDFN caused by antibodies other than anti‐D was evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nationwide, all women (1,002 in 305,000 consecutive pregnancies during 18 months) with alloantibodies other than anti‐D, detected by a first‐trimester antibody screen, were included in a prospective index‐cohort study. In a parallel‐coverage validation study, patients with HDFN caused by antibodies other than anti‐D, that were missed by the screening program, were retrospectively identified.RESULTS: The prevalence of positive antibody screens at first‐trimester screening was 1,232 in 100,000; the prevalence of alloantibodies other than anti‐D was 328 in 100,000, of which 191 of 100,000 implied a risk for occurrence of HDFN because the father carried the antigen. Overall, severe HDFN, requiring intrauterine or postnatal (exchange) transfusions, occurred in 3.7 percent of fetuses at risk: for anti‐K in 11.6 percent; anti‐c in 8.5 percent; anti‐E in 1.1 percent; Rh antibodies other than anti‐c, anti‐D, or anti‐E in 3.8 percent; and for antibodies other than Rh antibodies or anti‐K, in none of the fetuses at risk. All affected children, where antibodies were detected, were promptly treated and healthy at the age of 1 year. The coverage validation study showed a sensitivity of the screening program of 75 percent. Five of 8 missed cases were caused by anti‐c, with delay‐induced permanent damage in at least 1.CONCLUSION: First‐trimester screening enables timely treatment of HDFN caused by antibodies other than anti‐D, however, with a sensitivity of only 75 percent. A second screening at Week 30 of c– women will enhance the screening program. Severe HDFN, caused by antibodies other than anti‐D, is associated with anti‐K, anti‐c, and to a lesser extent with other Rh‐alloantibodies.
Postoperative blood loss and transfusion associated with use of Hextend in cardiac surgery patients at a blood conservation center
Authors: Moskowitz David M. , Shander Aryeh , Javidroozi Mazyar , Klein James J. , Perelman Seth I. , Nemeth Jeffrey , Ergin M. Arisan 
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are readily available colloids, but their widespread use is shadowed by controversies surrounding their effects on bleeding. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between Hextend (HEX; Hospira, Inc.) doses of 1 to 20 mL/kg and allogeneic transfusion and 24‐hour chest tube drainage (CTD) in cardiac surgeries at a blood conservation center.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval, data on 748 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve, or combined CABG and valve surgeries were collected. Cases not receiving HEX (due to contraindications, e.g., renal failure, bleeding diathesis) or receiving more than 20 mL per kg HEX, not accepting transfusions, or requiring more extensive surgery were excluded, and the remaining 621 cases were analyzed.RESULTS: Overall transfusion rate and mean CTD were 12.7 percent and 460.4 mL, respectively. Patients who received transfusions received more HEX (10.8 mL/kg vs. 9.8 mL/kg; p = 0.043) but HEX per kg was not associated with higher transfusion rates in multivariate analysis (p = 0.077). HEX per kg was associated with CTD in both uni‐ and multivariate analyzes (p < 0.001) with 1.66 percent increase in CTD for every 1 mL per kg increase in HEX.CONCLUSIONS: Although HEX was associated with transfusion in univariate analysis and with CTD in uni‐ and multivariate analysis, the former was no longer significant when adjusted for other predictors of transfusion in our selected patient population at a blood conservation center. The clinical significance of the observed increase in CTD remains undetermined. To minimize transfusion and bleeding in these patients, it is recommended that HEX be used in amounts of not more than 20 mL per kg together with point‐of‐care coagulation tests and other blood conservation strategies.
The 10‐year course of physically self‐destructive acts reported by borderline patients and axis II comparison subjects
Authors: Zanarini M. C. , Frankenburg F. R. , Reich D. B. , Fitzmaurice G. , Weinberg I. , Gunderson J. G. 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  The purpose of this paper was to determine the frequency and methods of two forms of physically self‐destructive acts (i.e. self‐mutilation and suicide attempts) reported by borderline patients and axis II comparison subjects over 10 years of prospective follow‐up.Method:  Two hundred and ninety borderline patients and 72 axis II comparison subjects were interviewed about their physically self‐destructive acts during their index admission and at five contiguous 2‐year follow‐up periods.Results:  It was found that a high percentage of borderline patients reported multiple acts and methods of each of these two forms of physically self‐destructive behavior prior to their index admission. It was also found that the percentage of borderline patients reporting multiple acts and methods declined significantly over time. However, these acts remained significantly more common among borderline patients than axis II comparison subjects.Conclusion:  The course of self‐mutilation and suicide attempts among borderline patients is initially more serious and ultimately more benign than previously recognized.
The introduction and perception of an OSCE with an element of self‐ and peer‐assessment
Authors: Larsen T. , Jeppe‐Jensen D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to encourage reflective dental students by performing an educational Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) with an element of self‐ and peer‐assessment. An interdisciplinary OSCE comprising cariology, endodontics and microbiology was set up for all third‐year students. A blueprint secured representation of the skills to be tested, i.e. knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge, communication, clinical reasoning and practical procedures. At each station positive and constructive feedback was given to the students based on predefined criteria. Further, the students received written marks after completion of the OSCE. At one station the feedback and marks were replaced by self‐ and peer‐assessment performed by the students in groups after the OSCE. Afterwards, the 68 students and 8 teachers participating in the OSCE answered a questionnaire on their opinion and perception of the examination. The results showed good correlation between the marks given and the students' perception of task difficulty. Generally, there were no systematic variations in the marks given during the week or by individual assessors at the same station, except for one, as well as agreement with marks of the ordinary clinical assessment. The marks given during self‐ and peer‐assessment differed widely, indicating a need for training in this aspect. The questionnaires revealed a very positive perception of the OSCE from both students and teachers. Thus, the majority found the examination relevant and of educational benefit, capable of improving the learning of the students and useful for assessment purposes. Also, the self‐ and peer‐assessment was found useful by the students. In conclusion, this interdisciplinary OSCE stressing constructive feedback to the students was perceived very positively by students and teachers and recognised for its beneficial possibilities in education and assessment.
The development of a primary dental care outreach course
Authors: Waterhouse P. , Maguire A. , Tabari D. , Hind V. , Lloyd J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop the first north‐east based primary dental care outreach (PDCO) course for clinical dental undergraduate students at Newcastle University. The process of course design will be described and involved review of the existing Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree course in relation to previously published learning outcomes. Areas were identified where the existing BDS course did not meet fully these outcomes. This was followed by setting the PDCO course aims and objectives, intended learning outcomes, curriculum and structure. The educational strategy and methods of teaching and learning were subsequently developed together with a strategy for overall quality control of the teaching and learning experience. The newly developed curriculum was aligned with appropriate student assessment methods, including summative, formative and ipsative elements.
Attitudes of Irish dental, dental hygiene and dental nursing students and newly qualified practitioners to tobacco use cessation: a national survey
Authors: McCartan B. , McCreary C. , Healy C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground:  Ireland has some of the strictest smoking regulations in the world. Little is known of the attitudes of student Irish dental healthcare workers towards tobacco control and tobacco use cessation. This study aimed at determining the knowledge and attitudes of these students towards the deleterious effects of tobacco in the mouth and towards tobacco use cessation in dental practice.Method:  A questionnaire survey was distributed to 654 students (including newly qualified) on dentistry, dental hygiene and dental nursing programmes in Irish dental schools. Information sought included college, course, year of study, sex, age, nationality, smoking status, knowledge of effects of tobacco in the mouth and attitudes towards tobacco use cessation in dental practice and towards the Irish smoking bans.Main findings:  There was a 90% response rate. In all, 12% of dental students, 25% of dental hygiene students and 31% of dental nursing students were current smokers. Newly qualified dental hygienists were as knowledgeable about tobacco effects in the mouth as newly qualified dentists. Overall, the majority in each student category believed that all three groups could be effective tobacco counsellors and should provide tobacco use cessation counselling to patients, although less than half of evening course dental nursing students felt that dental nurses could be effective counsellors or should provide counselling. There was overwhelming support for the Irish smoking ban. Only a minority of dental students and dental nursing students had received instruction in tobacco use cessation counselling.Conclusions:  There are strong positive attitudes to tobacco use cessation counselling in dental practice among these young dental healthcare students. This is true even amongst those who have not received specific instruction in tobacco use cessation counselling.
Palatal zygomycosis: experience of 21 cases
Authors: Bonifaz A , Macias B , Paredes‐Farrera F , Arias P , Ponce RM , Araiza J 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  To present a clinical report of palatal zygomycosis, its epidemiological, mycological features, and our treatment experience.Design:  Retrospective report.Subjects and methods:  This is a 25‐year long retrospective trial of clinically and mycologically proven cases of zygomycosis. Some patients underwent a biopsy of the palatal lesion and autopsy. This study reports the treatment experience with amphotericin B alone and in combination with itraconazole and fluconazole.Results:  Twenty‐one cases (18.75%) of zygomycosis with palatal involvement were included in the study, from a total of 112 cases screened. Mean age was 36.5 years, with 18 adults and three children. The associated pre‐disposing factors were: ketoacidotic diabetes (five type‐1 and 15 type‐2), and acute leukaemia in one patient. The clinical varieties were as follows: 19 cases of rhinocerebral (RC) involvement and two disseminated cases. Palatal ulcers occurred in 3/21 early cases (14.3%) and in 16/21 cases after the nasal involvement. All patients received amphotericin B; in four patients, it was combined with itraconazole and four with fluconazole. Clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 4/21 patients (19.04%).Conclusion:  Zygomycosis with palatal involvement occurs in around 18% of cases, usually associated with RC modalities; it has an acute and generally lethal course.
Basal cell carcinoma of the nipple – An unusual location in a male patient
Authors: Avcı Oktay , Pabuççuoğlu Uğur , Koçdor M. Ali , Ünlü Mehtat , Akin Çiler , Soyal Cüneyt , Canda Tülay 
Published: February 2008

SummaryAlthough basal cell carcinoma is extremely common, it only rarely occurs on the nipple. Men are affected more often than women.Basal cell carcinoma of the nipple‐areola complex may be more aggressive as metastases to regional lymph nodes have been reported.We report a basal cell carcinoma of the nipple with features of a fibroepithelioma of Pinkus in a man and review the literature.
Aquatic dermatoses
Authors: Ulrich Heidi , Landthaler Michael , Vogt Thomas 
Published: February 2008

SummaryDespite the fascination of the aquatic world, it can be associated with some medical risks. Natural bodies of water, swimming pools and aquariums contain many living organisms. Some of these aquatic species may cause traumatic or toxic skin reactions after contact as well as life‐threatening systemic reactions. Most frequently, the injuries include poisonous bites and stings by coelenter‐ates, worms,stinging fish,mollusks and echinoderms or skin infections. A basic knowledge regarding the flora and fauna that populate the aquatic world can help to avoid contact with such organisms,or if it happens,to promptly initiate appropriate therapy.
Emerging Christian Scholars among the Intellectual Virtues
Authors: Ream Todd C. , Seat Thomas W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe reason why all of our students should be Thomists is that excellence among the intellectual virtues is what should come to define our aspirations for them as emerging Christian scholars. Such aspirations are formed by the design and implementation of practices of study. Such aspirations denounce any distinction between subject and object or finite and infinite. However, such aspirations are also guided by the narrative of excellence as defined by the beatific vision of God. Thomas Aquinas reminds us that this narrative is not one the academy generates on its own but is the story of Christianity as embodied by the Church. Failure to recognize such a narrative and design practices of study accordingly not only leaves our students beyond the formative influence of the intellectual virtues but also leaves them susceptible to the influences wielded by other narratives such as the narrative of the market economy.
Male breast cancer: Progress, prognosis and future pathways
Authors: FIELD Kathryn M , CAMPBELL Belinda , DE BOER Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most commonly treated malignancies worldwide, but is rare in males. Less than one percent of all breast cancers occur in men, and breast cancer comprises less than one percent of all male malignancies. Thus, clinical experience in managing this condition is limited. In contrast to female breast cancer, much remains unknown about breast cancer in males. While there are similarities between the two, emerging data suggest that there are perhaps more differences than previously thought. Nevertheless, much of how males with breast cancer are managed continues to be extrapolated from randomised trials performed in females, due to lack of data in the male population alone. Another poorly understood aspect is the psychological impact experienced by male patients when diagnosed with what is generally thought of as a female malignancy. This review will discuss the known epidemiology, demographics, risk factors and genetic predispositions surrounding the development of breast cancer in males; as well as current surgical and radiotherapeutic interventional techniques. Histological profiles and subtypes as well as hormone receptor and HER‐2 receptor status are also discussed, with an overview of chemotherapy and hormonal strategies in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings.
ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES OF OLIVE LEAF EXTRACTS AND THEIR PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: KORUKLUOGLU M. , SAHAN Y. , YIGIT A. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extracts were obtained using water or different organic solvents such as acetone, methanol and ethyl acetate. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and some phenolic components were investigated to screen against 30 fungal strains (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus chevalieri, A. chrysogenum, A. elegans, A. flavus [three strains], A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger [two strains], A. oryzae, A. parasiticus[four strains], A. tamari, P. verrucosum, A. versicolor, A. wentii, Fusarium oxysporum, F. semitectum, Mucor racemosus, Neurospora crassa, Penicillium citrinum, P. echinulatum, P. griseofulvum, P. italicum, P. roqueforti and Rhizopus oligosporus) using the disc diffusion method. In this study, in terms of inhibition activity, it was determined that aqueous extract was the best as it completely inhibited the growth of 10 molds, followed by acetone and methanol extracts, which were effective against eight molds, and diethyl ether extract, which was effective against 7 out of 30 test fungi. The inhibition zones ranged from 7 to 21 mm. Comparing the sensitivity of the fungi with all crude olive leaf extracts and pure phenolic compounds, we found that A. parasiticus(4) was the most resistant strain while A. wentii was the most sensitive.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFoodborne diseases are still a major problem in the world, even in well‐developed countries. Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp. and Penicillium spp. have been reported as the causal agents of foodborne diseases and food spoilage. Raw and processed foods are open to contamination during the production, sale and distribution. Thus, at present, it is a necessity to the food industry to use chemical preservatives to prevent the growth of fungi in foods. Because of the economic impact of spoiled foods and consumer concerns over the safety of foods containing synthetic chemicals, considerable attention has been paid to naturally derived compounds or natural products. Recently, there has been considerable interest in using extracts from plants with antimicrobial activities to control pathogens or toxin‐producing microorganisms in foods. Olive leaves have been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of fungi; thus, they might be useful as natural preservatives.
SENSOMINER: A PACKAGE FOR SENSORY DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: LE SEBASTIEN , HUSSON FRANÇOIS 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT We propose a new package for sensory data analysis, named SensoMineR. SensoMineR is implemented in the R programming environment and can be accessed at the following addresses: http://sensominer.free.fr or http://cran.r‐project.org. This package produces graphical displays of data that are simple to interpret, and it also provides syntheses of results issuing from various analysis of variance models or from various factor analysis methods accompanied with confidence ellipses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSensoMineR is a free software intended for sensory analysts from both academic and corporate institutions. SensoMineR is an easy and powerful solution that tackles the following problems: characterization of the products, panel performance assessment, links between sensory and instrumental data, consumer's preferences, napping evaluation, optimal designs. SensoMineR is implemented in R and can be used easily with the help of a very intuitive graphical interface.