bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex dependence of substrate stiffness and serum concentration on cell‐force generation
Authors: Karamichos D. , Brown R.A. , Mudera V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCollagen is a widely used biomaterial in tissue engineering. Mechanical stimulation of cell‐seeded collagen constructs and its effects on cell orientation, intracellular signaling, and molecular responses have been reported. Our aim was to study the transfer of applied mechanical load to resident cells in 3D collagen constructs. Stainless steel markers were embedded in constructs as reporters of micromovement and uniaxial (0–15%) strain was applied. Cell‐seeded collagen constructs were also subjected to (0–15%) uniaxial strain and material responses recorded. The viscoelastic properties of collagen resulted in comparatively small movement of the marker bars relative to gel deformation. Cell seeding density of 1 million/mL had no significant effect on the viscoelastic properties of collagen for the range of strain tested. Our findings indicate that viscoelastic properties of collagen result in minimal force transfer of applied loads as recorded by movement of stainless steel markers. At higher strain rates as collagen got stiffer the movement decreased. These findings indicate that as cell‐seeded collagen constructs mature in a bioreactor and become stiffer due to ECM production/deposition, mechanical stimulation will have to be tailored over time to account for increased stiffness of constructs in vitro to elicit predictable and consistent cellular responses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
First international meeting on “Stem Cell Applications in the Craniofacial Region”
Authors: Papaccio Gianpaolo , Laino Gregorio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDuring the 1st International Meeting on “Stem Cell Applications in the Craniofacial Region” promoted in Naples (Italy), invited researchers presented their work and the most innovative methods regarding stem cells (SCs) and their application to the craniofacial region of the human body. In addition, some researchers showed their case‐reports on craniofacial reconstruction using either osteo‐distraction or reconstruction surgical methods. The aim of this biannual meeting is to stimulate discussion, improve knowledge and promote scientific collaboration among basic and clinical scientists in the main topics of SC use in therapy. A summary of this meeting is given. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 473–475, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A uniform design‐based back propagation neural network model for amino acid composition and optimal pH in G/11 xylanase
Authors: Zhang Guangya , Fang Baishan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA link between amino acid composition and optimal pH in G/11 xylanase was established. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) was used as the mathematical tool and a uniform design method was employed to optimise the architecture of the BPNN. Results showed that the calculated and predicted pHs fitted the optimal pHs of xylanase very well, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 3.02 and 4.06%, mean square errors (MSEs) of 0.19 and 0.19 pH unit and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0.11 and 0.19 pH unit respectively. The new model performed better in fitting and prediction compared with a previously reported model based on stepwise regression. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
On the strong circular 5‐flow conjecture
Authors: Máčajová Edita , Raspaud André 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Strong Circular 5‐flow Conjecture of Mohar claims that each snark—with the sole exception of the Petersen graph—has circular flow number smaller than 5. We disprove this conjecture by constructing an infinite family of cyclically 4‐edge connected snarks whose circular flow number equals 5. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Mean Ramsey–Turán numbers
Authors: Yuster Raphael 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA ρ‐mean coloring of a graph is a coloring of the edges such that the average number of colors incident with each vertex is at most ρ. For a graph H and for ρ ≥ 1, the mean Ramsey–Turán number RT(n, H,ρ − mean) is the maximum number of edges a ρ‐mean colored graph with n vertices can have under the condition it does not have a monochromatic copy of H. It is conjectured that $RT(n, K_ m, 2 - mean) = RT(n, K_ m, 2)$ where $RT(n, H, k)$ is the maximum number of edges a k edge‐colored graph with n vertices can have under the condition it does not have a monochromatic copy of H. We prove the conjecture holds for $K_ 3$. We also prove that $RT(n, H,\rho - mean) \leq RT(n, K_{\chi(H)},\rho - mean) + o(n^2)$. This result is tight for graphs H whose clique number equals their chromatic number. In particular, we get that if H is a 3‐chromatic graph having a triangle then $RT(n, H, 2 - mean) = RT(n, K_ 3, 2 - mean) + o(n^2) = RT(n, K_ 3, 2) + o(n^2) = 0.4n^2(1 + o(1))$. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 53: 126–134, 2006
Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP‐11; stromelysin‐3) and synthetic inhibitors
Authors: Matziari Magdalini , Dive Vincent , Yiotakis Athanasios 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐11, or Stromelysin 3, is a particular member of MMP family, a group of zinc‐dependent endopeptidases involved in matrix degradation and tissue remodeling. Despite intense efforts since its first characterization 15 years ago, its role and target substrates in different diseases remain largely unknown. While mice with MMP‐11 deficiency display no particular phenotype, analysis of different tumorigenesis models with these mice lead to the conclusion that MMP‐11 promotes tumor development. In contrast with other MMPs, MMP‐11 is unable to degrade any major extracellular matrix component and unlike most of other MMPs that are secreted as inactive proenzymes and activated extracellularly, MMP‐11 is secreted under active form. MMP‐11 may thus play a unique role in tissue remodeling processes, including those associated with tumor progression. Although MMP‐11 and other MMPs have been considered as promising targets to combat cancer, a first series of clinical trials using broad‐spectrum MMP inhibitors have not led to significant therapeutic benefits. These disappointing results highlight the need for better understanding of the exact role played by each MMP during the different stages of tumor progression. Among the different strategies to fill this gap, highly specific MMP inhibitors would be of great value. This review provides an update on the selectivity profile of phosphinic MMP‐11 synthetic inhibitors developed and discusses the opportunities and limitations to identify inhibitors able to fully discriminate MMP‐11 from the other MMPs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 4, 528–552, 2007
A solution method for the linear Chandrasekhar equation
Authors: Wegert Elias , von Wolfersdorf Lothar 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the linearized H‐equation of Chandrasekhar and Ambarzumyan. A Stieltjes‐type transform reduces the equation to a boundary value problem for holomorphic functions in the upper half‐plane which is solved in closed form. Additional conditions ensure that the solutions Φ extend holomorphically to the lower half‐plane slit along a straight line segment. The solutions of the original problem are then determined from the boundary values of Φ on this slit.The approach gives necessary and sufficient conditions for Fredholmness and describes all Fredholm parameters in terms of zeros of two functions 1–K and G associated with the kernel and the right‐hand side of the equation. Explicit formulas for the complete set of solutions are presented.Die Arbeit ist der linearisierten H‐Gleichung von Chandrasekhar und Ambarzumyan gewidmet. Die Gleichung wird mit Hilfe einer modifizierten Stieltjes‐Transformation auf ein Randwertproblem für holomorphe Funktionen in der oberen Halbebene zurückgeführt das in geschlossener Form gelöst wird. Unter zusätzlichen Bedingungen können die Lösungen holomorph in die längs einer Strecke aufgeschnittene untere Halbebene fortgesetzt werden. Die Lösungen Φ des Ausgangsproblems werden dann aus den Randwerten von Φ längs des Schlitzes bestimmt. Der Zugang liefert notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen dafür, dass der Operator Fredholmsch ist und charakterisiert alle Fredholmparameter mit Hilfe der Nullstellen zweier Funktionen 1–K und G, die dem Kern und der rechten Seite der Gleichung zugeordnet sind. Es werden explizite Darstellungen für die vollständige Lösungsmenge angegeben. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified wave operators for the fourth‐order non‐linear Schrödinger‐type equation with cubic non‐linearity
Authors: Segata Jun‐ichi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe consider the scattering problem for the fourth‐order non‐linear Schrödinger‐type equation:
equation image
We show the existence of the modified wave operators for the above equation with cubic case by imposing the mean zero condition for the final data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An expansion theorem for two‐dimensional elastic waves and its application
Authors: Chen Kun‐Chu , Lin Ching‐Lung 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe prove an Atkinson–Wilcox‐type expansion for two‐dimensional elastic waves in this paper. The approach developed on the two‐dimensional Helmholtz equation will be applied in the proof. When the elastic fields are involved, the situation becomes much harder due to two wave solutions propagating at different phase velocities. In the last section, we give an application about the reconstruction of an obstacle from the scattering amplitude. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microbiologicals for deactivating mycotoxins
Authors: Schatzmayr Gerd , Zehner Florian , Täubel Martin , Schatzmayr Dian , Klimitsch Alfred , Loibner Andreas Paul , Binder Eva Maria 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi affecting human and animal health. Five classes of mycotoxins are of major concern in animal husbandry, namely aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and fumonisins. Due to their diverse structure these fungal toxins are able to cause a great variety of acute symptoms in animals. Clay minerals have been used in animal nutrition to bind mycotoxins, but the binders are only very specific for aflatoxins but not for other toxins. A novel strategy to control the problem of mycotoxicoses in animals is the application of microorganisms capable of biotransforming mycotoxins into nontoxic metabolites. The microbes act in the intestinal tract of animals prior to the resorption of the mycotoxins. A Eubacterium (BBSH 797) strain is able to deactivate trichothecenes by reduction of the epoxide ring (CAST, Mycotoxins, Risks in Plant, Animal and Human Systems, Task Force Report 139, Council of Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames Iowa 2003, p. 10.; Binder, E. M., Binder, J., Ellend, N., Schaffer, E. et al., in: Miraglia, M., van Egmond, H., Brera, C., Gilbert, J. (Eds.), Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins – Developments in Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Safety, Alaken, Fort Collins 1996, pp. 279–285). This strain was isolated out of bovine rumen fluid and the mode of action was proven in vitro and also in vivo. Further a novel yeast strain, capable of degrading ochratoxin A and zearalenone was isolated and characterized (Bruinink, A., Rasonyi, T., Sidler, C., Nat. Toxins 1999, 6, 173–177; Schatzmayr, G., Heidler, D., Fuchs, E., Mohnl, M. et al., Mycotoxin Res. 2003, 19, 124–128.) Due to the yeasts affiliation to the genus of Trichosporon and its property to degrade mycotoxins this strain was named Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (Trichosporon MTV, 115).
SANICLAY: simple anisotropic clay plasticity model
Authors: Dafalias Yannis F. , Manzari Majid T. , Papadimitriou Achilleas G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSANICLAY is a new simple anisotropic clay plasticity model that builds on a modification of an earlier model with an associated flow rule, in order to include simulations of softening response under undrained compression followingKoconsolidation. Non‐associativity is introduced by adopting a yield surface different than the plastic potential surface. Besides, the isotropic hardening of the yield surface both surfaces evolve according to a combined distortional and rotational hardening rule, simulating the evolving anisotropy. Although built on the general premises of critical state soil mechanics, the model induces a critical state line in the void ratio–mean effective stress space, which is a function of anisotropy. To ease interpretation, the model formulation is presented firstly in the triaxial stress space and subsequently, its multiaxial generalization is developed systematically, in a form appropriate for implementation in numerical codes. The SANICLAY is shown to provide successful simulation of both undrained and drained rate‐independent behaviour of normally consolidated sensitive clays, and to a satisfactory degree of accuracy of overconsolidated clays. The new model requires merely three constants more than those of the modified Cam clay model, all of which are easily calibrated from well‐established laboratory tests following a meticulously presented procedure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of parameterized quadratic eigenvalue problems in computational acoustics with homotopic deviation theory
Authors: Chaitin‐Chatelin F. , van Gijzen M. B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes a family of parameterized quadratic eigenvalue problems from acoustics in the framework of homotopic deviation theory. Our specific application is the acoustic wave equation (in 1D and 2D) where the boundary conditions are partly pressure release (homogeneous Dirichlet) and partly impedance, with a complex impedance parameter ζ. The admittance t = 1/ζ is the classical homotopy parameter. In particular, we study the spectrum when t → ∞. We show that in the limit part of the eigenvalues remain bounded and converge to the so‐called kernel points. We also show that there exist the so‐called critical points that correspond to frequencies for which no finite value of the admittance can cause a resonance. Finally, the physical interpretation that the impedance condition is transformed into a pressure release condition when |t| → ∞ enables us to give the kernel points in closed form as eigenvalues of the discrete Dirichlet problem. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of infective endocarditis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Gunes Adalet Meral , Bostan Ozlem Mehtap , Baytan Birol , Semizel Evren 
Published: May 2006

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) caused by microbial infection is virtually always fatal if untreated. High‐dose and long‐term antibiotic treatment is required to eradicate microorganisms. If increased risk of embolic events, persistent infection, and progressive cardiac failure are present, surgery is indicated. However, surgery can carry an increased risk of mortality and morbidity in critically ill children of whom other treatment options such as administering, a thrombolytic agent; recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r‐tPA) could be an alternative choice. Here, we report a 14‐year‐old male with Down syndrome and acute myeloblastic leukemia, diagnosed with IE characterized by two large vegetations on aortic and mitral valves, who was successfully treated with r‐tPA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:132–134. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) fine particles as a novel biodegradable nucleating agent on the crystallization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Alata H. , Hexig B. , Inoue Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) fine particles as the nucleating agent on the crystallization behavior of bacterial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry measurements and polarized light microscope observation. The results were compared with the effect of PVA conventionally blended with PHB. The PVA fine particles were found to be able to greatly enhance the crystallization of PHB, while the conventionally blended PVA extremely retarded the crystallization of PHB. The nucleating effect of PVA fine particles is almost comparable to that of the talc powder. Considering the biodegradability and biocompatibility of PVA, the usage of PVA particle as a nucleating agent provides marked benefits over the currently employed nonbiodegradable nucleating agents, such as talc and boron nitride. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44:1813–1820, 2006
Viscometric study of gelatin in dilute aqueous solutions
Authors: Li Yi , Cheng Rongshi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe viscosities of aqueous solutions of gelatin at different temperatures were carefully measured in a common glass‐capillary Ubbelohde viscometer at dilute to extremely dilute concentrations. The adsorption effect that occurred in the viscosity measurements was theoretically analyzed and discussed. A theory based on Langmuir isotherms could adequately describe the existing data. Some structural information was obtained by the use of an iterative fitting procedure to treat the reduced viscosity data, which disclosed that individual gelatin chains underwent a coil‐to‐helix transition as the solution cooled from 40 to 15 °C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1804–1812, 2006
Physiotherapy cuts the dose of botulinum toxin
Authors: Ramdharry Gita 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Cervical dystonia is a complex chronic neurological disorder which is more commonly managed with pharmacological interventions. Method. This Case Report outlines the rehabilitation of a patient who was able to reduce the effective dose of botulinum toxin when physiotherapy management was added to a long term pharmacological regime. Conclusions. A good outcome is demonstrated from a combined physiotherapy and botulinum toxin intervention. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are therapeutic ultrasound units a potential vector for nosocomial infection?
Authors: Schabrun Siobhan , Chipchase Lucy , Rickard Heather 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Nosocomial infections present a widespread problem in today's healthcare environment, with a significant number of patients acquiring an infection annually. With the contemporary transition of immunocompromised and high‐risk patients to community‐based care, therapeutic ultrasound has the potential to be a vector of infection in the physiotherapy setting. The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree of contamination on therapeutic ultrasound transducer heads and ultrasound gel after routine clinical use, and to evaluate the efficacy of recommended infection control procedures. Method. The study consisted of two phases. Using a prospective cross‐sectional design, microbiological cultures were obtained from 44 transducer heads and 43 gels. Subjects were drawn from a variety of physiotherapy practice settings. All samples containing more than five colony forming units per cm2 were considered contaminated. Following these measurements, a repeated‐measures design was used to re‐evaluate the 44 transducer heads for the amount and type of bacteria present after cleaning with a 70% alcohol wipe. Results. Twenty‐seven per cent of transducer heads and 28% of gels were contaminated. Transducer heads showed fairly low levels of contamination across the sample, with the majority of organisms isolated found in normal skin and environmental flora. Gels were heavily contaminated with opportunistic and potentially pathogenic organisms, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. No multi‐resistant organisms were identified. Cleaning with 70% alcohol significantly reduced the level of contamination on transducer heads (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Therapeutic ultrasound equipment is a potential vector for nosocomial infection in physiotherapy patients. The risk of infection from transducer heads can be effectively removed by cleaning with 70% alcohol between patients. Further research into possible strategies to reduce the risk of infection from ultrasound gels is needed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of platinum cluster ions with benzene
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Sun Shutao , Xing Xiaopeng , Tang Zichao 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this work, the cation and anion products of the reactions between platinum clusters produced by laser ablation and the benzene molecules seeded in argon have been studied using a high‐resolution reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (RTOFMS). The dominant cation products are [C6nH6n − k]+ and [Ptm(C6H6)n]+ complexes, while the dominant anion products are dehydrogenated species, [C6H5PtH]−, [PtC12Hk]− and [PtmC6H4 · · · (C6H6)n]−, etc. Some important intermediate structures ([PtC6H6]+, [Pt(C6H6)2]+, [Pt2(C6H6)3]+, [C6H5PtH]−, [Pt2C6H4]−, [Pt3C6H4]− and [Pt4C6H4]−) have been analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Different reaction mechanisms are proposed for platinum cluster cations and anions with benzene, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/tandem triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry for determination of paclitaxel in rat tissues
Authors: Tong Xinyong , Zhou Jianping , Tan Yan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA liquid chromatography/tandem triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry assay to quantify paclitaxel in rat tissue homogenates containing taxol or paclitaxel nanoliposome (PTX‐NLP) was developed and validated. Liquid‐liquid extraction with tert‐butyl methyl ether was used for tissue sample preparation and docetaxel was used as the internal standard. Paclitaxel and docetaxel were separated on a 200 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm C18 column and quantified using a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ion electrospray selective reaction monitoring mode (ESI+‐SRM) with a total run time of 6.0 min. The peak area of the m/z 876.3 → 307.9 transition of paclitaxel is measured versus that of the m/z 830.3 → 549.1 transition of docetaxel to generate the standard curves. The standard curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.2008–2008 ng/mL for different tissues. The method had high extraction recovery (>90%) and accuracy (>90%) with the intra‐day and inter‐day precision <15%. Frozen stability, freeze/thaw stability, extraction stability and solution stability at ambient temperature were examined, which indicated the tissue samples should be extracted within 5 days and avoid being frozen and thawed repeatedly over 5 times. Extracted samples after evaporation could be stored at −20°C for 20 days without drug degradation and no degradation was also observed after solution samples were left to stand at ambient temperature for 24 h. This assay was used to support an in vivo biodistribution study of PTX‐NLP in rats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.