bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azorubin im Erfrischungsgetränk
Authors: Scheer Carola 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der vorgestellten Unterrichtseinheit führen die Schülerinnen und Schüler mit ihren eigenen digitalen Endgeräten eine quantitative Konzentrationsbestimmung eines Farbstoffes durch. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist das isotonische Sportgetränk „Powerade Wild Cherry“, welches den Azofarbstoff Azorubin (E 122) enthält und den meisten Jugendlichen aus ihrer Lebenswelt bekannt ist. So wird, anknüpfend an Alltagserfahrungen, ein schulpraktikabler Weg beschritten, um die Massenkonzentration des Azofarbstoffes zu bestimmen. Die zur Konzentrationsbestimmung nötige Vorgehensweise wird von den Lernenden sukzessive in einem Wechsel aus zentralen und dezentralen Phasen erarbeitet und anschließend durchgeführt. Auf diese Weise werden sowohl kognitive als auch praktische Grundlagen gelegt, um das grundlegende Messprinzip einer professionellen Konzentrationsbestimmung mit einem echten UV/VIS‐Spektralphotometer zu verstehen. Vertiefend werden der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise eines klassischen Spektralphotometers vorgestellt und mit dem selbst entwickelten Smartphone‐Photometer‐Aufbau verglichen und analogisiert. Die in der Praxis erprobte Unterrichtseinheit legt nahe, dass ein tiefergreifendes Verständnis über die Funktionsweise eines Blackbox‐Gerätes wie das Spektralphotometer besonders dann hervorragend generiert werden kann, wenn die Schülerinnen und Schüler sich die nötige Vorgehensweise und das Messprinzip selbst erarbeiten und erst im Anschluss daran das tatsächliche Gerät kennenlernen.
Sustainable approach to integrate a conventional power plant and renewable energies, coupled with the Goswami cycle and Maisotsenko heat exchanger
Authors: Bakhshayesh Ali , Ozgoli Hassan Ali , Mirzahosseini Alireza Haji Seyed , Saraei Alireza , Ezam Mojtaba 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a pioneering investigation into an integrated power generation cycle that combines gas turbines, steam turbines, Goswami cycles, biomass fuel, solar energy sources, and advanced Maisotsenko heat exchangers. Biomass gasification has been applied to partially fuel the gas turbine, while the M‐Cycle serves as the gas turbine inlet air cooling system. Solar parabolic collectors are utilized to elevate the compressed air temperature for combustion, and the Goswami cycle generates both power and cooling through waste heat recovery. This research addresses a critical gap by undertaking a holistic examination of the integrated power generation cycle, modelling the overall system performance by considering interactions and synergies between various components. The base model has been implemented, and the impacts of influential parameters on system efficiency, such as ambient temperature, seasonal variation, and steam‐to‐biomass ratio, have been taken into consideration. Remarkably, the incorporation of the M‐Cycle, solar parabolic systems, steam cycles, and the Goswami cycle into the base gas cycle results in substantial energy efficiency enhancements of 1.59%, 1.96%, 16.87%, and 6.06%, respectively, highlighting the transformative potential of this integrated approach for sustainable and efficient power generation.
Aryl Sulfoxides: A Traceless Directing Group for Catalytic C−H Activation of Arenes
Authors: Marqués Pablo Simón , Kammerer Claire 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation of arenes directed by sulfoxides represents a compelling strategy in organic synthesis, owing to its exceptional regioselectivity and high efficiency. This innovative approach stands out for its traceless character, enabling the direct functionalization of arenes, before the easy removal or conversion of the key sulfinyl moiety. Beyond their utility as a directing group, sulfoxides have proved particularly valuable to mediate as chiral auxiliaries, presenting exciting prospects for the synthesis of stereo‐enriched compounds upon C−H functionalization. The versatility demonstrated by the method paves the way to different structures with potential applications ranging from medicinal chemistry to organic electronics.
Photon Management Enabled by Opal and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals: from Photocatalysis to Photoluminescence Regulation
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Yiyan , Zhu Jintao , Zhang Lianbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLight is a promising renewable energy source and can be converted into heat, electricity, and chemical energy. However, the efficiency of light‐energy conversion is largely hindered by limited light‐absorption coefficients and the low quantum yield of current‐generation materials. Photonic crystals (PCs) can adjust the propagation and distribution of photons because of their unique periodic structures, which offers a compelling platform for photon management. The periodicity of materials with an alternating refractive index can be used to manipulate the dispersion of photons to generate the photonic bandgap (PBG), in which light is reflected. The slow photon effect, i. e., photon propagation at a reduced group velocity near the edges of the PBG, is widely regarded as another valuable optical property for manipulating light. Furthermore, multiple light scattering can increase the optical path, which is a vital optical property for PCs. Recently, the light reflected by PBG, the slow photon effect, and multiple light scattering have been exploited to improve light utilization efficiency in photoelectrochemistry, materials chemistry, and biomedicine to enhance light‐energy conversion efficiency. In this review, the fabrication of opal or inverse opal PCs and the theory for improving the light utilization efficiency of photocatalysis, solar cells, and photoluminescence regulation are discussed. We envision photon management of opal or inverse opal PCs may provide a promising avenue for light‐assisted applications to improve light‐energy‐conversion efficiency.
Practical 10‐Color T‐Cell Panel for Phenotyping Diverse Populations Using Spectral Flow Cytometry: A Beginner's Guide
Authors: Zargaran Sina , Oveisi Morvarid , Sun Chunxiang , Barbour Abdelahhad , Glogauer Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlow cytometry stands as the most employed high‐throughput single‐cell analysis technique, facilitating the profiling of remarkably diverse samples, such as blood, bone marrow and body fluids. In addition, it allows for the discrimination of diverse immune cell subsets, including infrequently encountered types like T regulatory cells and exhausted CD28Null T cells. However, analyzing rare immune cell subsets with conventional flow cytometry poses challenges stemming from factors like fluorophore overlap, compensation issues, and limited flexibility in fluorophore selection. Therefore, spectral flow cytometry offers advantages over traditional flow cytometry. It measures the full emission spectrum and then separates it to identify different fluorochromes. This enables the use of fluorochromes with significant overlap in a single test, allowing for the analysis of more protein markers. Following this, spectral technology employs precise calculations to separate individual fluorochromes, thereby enabling the detection and elimination of autofluorescent signals originating from cells within the entire emission spectrum. This capability is pivotal in achieving deep phenotyping of immune cells with the requisite sensitivity and resolution essential for monitoring the immune systems of patients with compromised immunity, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, it allows for the exploration of interactions between distinct immune subsets. In this context, we introduce an optimized protocol utilizing spectral flow cytometry for precise T‐cell characterization and differentiation, encompassing the assessment of their activation states. Furthermore, this protocol extends its applicability to the identification of less common circulating T‐cell populations, notably T‐regulatory and CD28Null T cells, following autofluorescence correction within the spectrum. This protocol provides a set of steps and reagents for the surface and intracellular staining of human T cells using whole peripheral blood. The spectral‐based design of this panel allows for its applicability to other spectral machines, providing a versatile and efficient tool for T‐cell analysis. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Achieving optimal staining through effective antibody titrationBasic Protocol 2: Single‐cell stainingBasic Protocol 3: Comprehensive panel staining post‐titration and spectral library integration
Assessment of bioactive compounds, antioxidant potential, and enzymatic activity in different guava (Psidium guajava) cultivars
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Mankar Abhay , Karuna Kumari , Homa Fozia , Ilahy Riadh , Siddiqui Mohammed Wasim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFresh fruits of five guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars were assessed for ascorbic acid (AA) content and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]) activities, while extracted peel and pulp samples were analyzed for total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TFs). The hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity was evaluated using six different analytical assays. We noticed significant differences in the antioxidant compounds (AA, TP, and TF). SOD and APX activities varied from ∼54 to 71 and ∼41 to 59 U/g FW, respectively. Cv. KG Guava had the highest TP (in both hydrophilic and lipophilic peel and pulp fractions) and TF (in hydrophilic pulp and lipophilic peel and pulp fractions). Therefore, the strongest antioxidant potential was exhibited by KG Guava using most of the assays, which was followed by the cultivars Kimchu and Salithong. The results provide valuable information about antioxidant potential of guava peel and pulp fractions, which is essential for their future application in the food and health industry.
Awareness and engagement of listed companies in combating deforestation and forest degradation in Brazil
Authors: Baccas Daniela , Warnatzsch Erika A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForests provide invaluable ecosystem services, including critical services such as climate regulation. Increasing rates of deforestation in Brazil, home of some of the world's largest and most ecologically diverse tropical forests, poses several threats to businesses; companies face the challenge of intensified physical risks, stringent regulations, and pressure from investors and consumers demanding low‐carbon investment and product practices. This study investigated a sample of 232 listed Brazilian companies to understand their awareness of the forest agenda and commitment to forest protection. Although most companies are aware of forest‐related issues, risk management and impact monitoring are lacking. This analysis provides qualitative insights into listed Brazilian companies' perceptions of forest‐related issues, demonstrating the need to raise risk awareness and increase engagement. The study findings suggest that regulatory measures can leverage corporate disclosure of forest engagement, encouraging risk reduction and maximizing opportunities aligned with the climate agenda.
Usefulness of oxygen uptake efficiency slope in a 6 min walk test in chronic heart failure
Authors: Kim Min Sun , Bong Woori , Choi Jung Hyun , Shin Myung‐Jun , Lee Byeong‐Ju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsFrailty is an obstacle to performing cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We evaluated the usefulness of oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) using a 6 min walk test (6MWT) with portable gas analysis compared with CPET‐derived parameters in patients with CHF.Methods and resultsPatients with CHF who underwent both the 6MWT with portable gas analysis and CPET between December 2016 and May 2020 were retrospectively investigated. The 6MWT‐derived and echocardiographic parameters were compared with the OUES and peak oxygen consumption (VO2) from the CPET. Forty patients were analysed; 50% were male with a mean age of 55.45 ± 14.70 years. Twenty‐six patients (65%) had New York Heart Association Functional Classification II or III dyspnoea. Twenty‐five patients (62.5%) had heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) (left ventricular EF > 50%), and nine patients (22.5%) had HF with reduced EF (EF < 40%). During the 6MWT, the peak VO2 was 14.97 ± 3.80 mL/kg/min, which was only 74% of the peak VO2 in the CPET, 20.18 ± 5.64 mL/kg/min. The OUES in the 6MWT was lower than that in the CPET (1528.87 ± 579.01 in the 6MWT vs. 1638.69 ± 601.31 in the CPET). The 6 min walk distance (6MWD) and OUES in the 6MWT were positively correlated with the OUES in the CPET (6MWD, r = 0.434, P = 0.005; OUES, r = 0.729, P < 0.001). The OUES in the 6MWT showed the strongest correlation with the OUES in the CPET. When we divided patients into two groups according to peak VO2 in the CPET, the correlation between OUES values of the 6MWT and that of the CPET was consistently confirmed (peak VO2 ≥ 20 mL/kg/min group, r = 0.661, P = 0.001; peak VO2 < 20 mL/kg/min group, r = 0.526, P = 0.021). In addition, the 6MWD, OUES, and peak VO2 in the 6MWT were associated with peak VO2 in the CPET (6MWD, r = 0.627, P < 0.001; OUES, r = 0.452, P = 0.003; and peak VO2, r = 0.492, P = 0.001).ConclusionsIn frail patients with CHF who have difficulty performing maximal exercises, the OUES through the 6MWT may be applied instead of the OUES and peak VO2 from the CPET.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide mitigated methamphetamine addiction and altered methamphetamine‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Zhuang Jingshen , Chen Qianling , Xu Luyao , Qiao Dongfang , Chen Xuebing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMethamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive mental stimulant, and MA abuse remains a significant public health problem worldwide, while effective treatment options are limited. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a major effective component extracted from Lycium barbarum, has potential health‐promoting effects on the nervous system; however, its role in MA dependence remains unclear. In this study, the conditioned place preference (CPP) of MA addiction in adult male mice was established to detect changes in gut microbiota profiles after LBP treatment through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results found that LBP administration could alleviate MA‐induced CPP and hyperactivity. Interestingly, LBP improved MA‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing some beneficial autochthonous genus abundances, such as Allobaculum, Gordonibacter, and Ileibacterium. MA exposure induced the co‐occurrence network of intestinal microbiota to become weaker and more unstable when compared with the control group, while LBP changed the above effects when compared with the MA group. Bacterial gene function prediction showed that amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, and short‐chain fatty acid metabolism were enriched. These findings reveal that LBP might regulate MA‐induced gut microbiota and behavior changes, which showed potential therapeutic applicability in treating MA addiction by regulating the gut microbiota.
Who is to blame? Stories of European Union migration governance in Italian, Maltese, and Spanish newspapers
Authors: Abisso Martina , Terlizzi Andrea , Cusumano Eugenio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile scholars have investigated how media frame human mobility and securitize irregular border crossings, little research has been dedicated to how European Union (EU) actors are portrayed in media coverage of migration across the Mediterranean. By integrating framing into narrative analysis through the Narrative Policy Framework, our article fills this gap. Specifically, we provide a content analysis of Italian, Maltese, and Spanish newspapers and identify the key narratives underlying the portrayal of specific EU actors. We show that, overall, lack of EU solidarity is the prevalent issue in Italian, Maltese, and Spanish newspapers alike, followed by the alleged inefficiency of EU actors. Accordingly, the EU and its key actors are regularly narrated as either villains, responsible for the crisis and deserting member states in need of solidarity, or as weaklings unable to take effective action. These narratives appear remarkably consistent across countries, over time, and newspapers with different ideological orientation.
Asiatic acid and madecassic acid cause cardiotoxicity via inflammation and production of excessive reactive oxygen species in zebrafish
Authors: Guo Qingquan , Li Qiuru , Liang Wenyao , Zhang Yudong , Jiang Chenyang , Zhang Yihan , Tan Jianhua , Zhao Haishan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCentella asiatica (L.) Urban is a famous Chinese traditional medicine, which is widely used for treating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Although there are reports that Centella total glycosides exhibit heart‐protective properties, our previous experiment showed that it has cardiac toxic effects in zebrafish. The components of Centella total glycosides are complex, so we recommend further research to determine their key components and mechanisms. In this study, sample quantification was done using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The cardiotoxicity of Centella total glycosides, asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid was evaluated using zebrafish and cell models. The zebrafish oxidative stress model and myocarditis model were used to explore further the mechanisms through which cardiotoxicity is achieved. Asiatic acid and madecassic acid caused zebrafish cardiotoxicity and H9C2 cell death. However, no toxicity effects were observed for asiaticoside and madecassoside in zebrafish, until the solution was saturated. The results from the cell model study showed that asiatic acid and madecassic acid changed the expression of apoptosis‐related genes in myocardial cells. In the zebrafish model, high concentrations of these components raised the levels of induced systemic inflammation, neutrophils gathered in the heart, and oxidative stress injury. Asiatic acid and madecassic acid are the main components causing cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. This may be due to enhanced inflammation and reactive oxygen species injury, which causes myocardial cell apoptosis, which further leads to cardiac toxicity.
Post‐weaning social isolation modifies neonatal anoxia‐induced changes in energy metabolism and growth of rats
Authors: Cruz‐Ochoa Natalia Andrea , Motta‐Teixeira Lívia Clemente , Cruz‐Ochoa Pablo Felipe , Lopez‐Paredes Santiago , Ochoa‐Amaya Julieta Esperanza , Takada Silvia Honda , Xavier Gilberto Fernando , Nogueira Maria Inês 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long‐term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia‐induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25‐min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h, and then perfused 30 min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post‐fasting weight loss and post‐fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the β‐positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post‐prandial weight loss of males, post‐fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long‐term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.
Characterising the HLA‐I immunopeptidome of plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles in patients with melanoma
Authors: Boyne Caitlin , Coote Abigail , Synowsky Silvia , Naden Aaron , Shirran Sally , Powis Simon J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) frequently express human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA‐I) molecules. The immunopeptidomes presented on EV HLA‐I are being mapped to provide key information on both specific cancer‐related peptides, and for larger immunopeptidomic signatures associated with disease. Utilizing HLA‐I immunoisolation and mass spectrometry, we characterised the HLA‐I immunopeptidome of EVs derived from the melanoma cancer cell line, ESTDAB‐026, and the plasma of 12 patients diagnosed with advanced stage melanoma, alongside 11 healthy controls. The EV HLA‐I immunopeptidome derived from melanoma cells features T cell epitopes with known immunogenicity and peptides derived from known tumour associated antigens (TAAs). Both T cell epitopes with known immunogenicity and peptides derived from known TAAs were also identifiable in the melanoma patient samples. Patient stratification into two distinct groups with varying immunological profiles was also observed. The data obtained in this study suggests for the first time that the HLA‐I immunopeptidome of EVs derived from blood may aid in the detection of important diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and also provide new immunotherapy targets.