bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability Matching
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 describes an experiment in which human subjects are asked to play a computer game with real monetary payoffs for correctly guessing the outcome of a binary lottery. Most subjects’ guesses conform to an irrational behaviour known as probability matching, in which the frequency of their guesses matches the underlying probability of the binary lottery. In addition to probability matching, we find different tendencies towards randomization under different payoff schemes, as predicted by Chapter 2’s evolutionary model of behaviour, and even after controlling for a wide range of demographic and socio-economic variables. We also find several individual differences in the tendency to maximize or randomize, correlated with wealth and other socio-economic factors. Surprisingly, subjects who have taken probability and statistics classes, and those who self-reported finding a pattern in the game, are more likely to act irrationally, underscoring the importance of environment as a driver of behavioural anomalies.
The Madness of Mobs
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 10 we derive collective intelligence as an emergent property of evolution in the binary choice framework. We also specify conditions under which collective intelligence fails, using political polarization and discrimination as examples. Political polarization emerges in stochastic environments with reproductive risks that are correlated across individuals. Bias and discrimination emerge when individuals incorrectly attribute random adverse events to observable features that may have nothing to do with those events. In addition, path dependency and negative feedback in evolution may lead to even stronger biases and greater levels of discrimination, which are locally evolutionarily stable strategies. These results suggest potential policy interventions to prevent such failures by nudging the ‘madness of mobs’ towards the ‘wisdom of crowds’ through shifts in the environment rather than simply prohibiting undesirable behaviours, which could have unintended consequences.
The Psychophysiology of Trading
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 12 focuses on gauging the role of emotion in the decision-making process of professional securities traders, where emotion is measured by physiological characteristics (e.g. skin conductance and blood volume pulse) during live trading sessions. In a sample of ten traders, we find statistically significant differences in mean electrodermal responses during transient market events relative to no-event control periods, and statistically significant mean changes in cardiovascular variables during periods of heightened market volatility relative to normal-volatility control periods. We also observe significant differences in these physiological responses across the traders that may be systematically related to the traders’ levels of experience.
What Makes a Good Day Trader?
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 13 we investigate several possible links between psychological factors and trading performance in a sample of eighty anonymous day traders. Using daily emotional state surveys over a five-week period, as well as personality inventory surveys, measures of personality traits and emotional states for each subject are constructed and correlated with daily normalized profits and loss records. Subjects whose emotional reaction to monetary gains and losses were more intense—both positively and negatively—exhibited significantly worse trading performance. Psychological traits derived from a standardized personality inventory survey do not reveal any specific ‘trader personality profile’, raising the possibility that trading skills may not necessarily be innate, and that different personality types may be able to perform trading functions equally well after proper instruction and practice.
The Co-Evolution of Financial Markets and Technology
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 18 we identify eight discrete financial ‘eras’ in which unique combinations of economic need and technological advances gave rise to new products, services, and financial institutions, through the lens of the adaptive markets hypothesis. By understanding the underlying drivers and resulting dynamics of these eras, we can begin to develop a deeper appreciation for the origins of financial innovation and its great promise for our future.
Customizing Culture?
Authors: de Maaker Erik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the thematic of the book, stating the questions it focuses on. Proceeding from events that define the everyday lives of the inhabitants of rural West Garo Hills, the book explores the creation, sustenance, and interpretation of practices deemed traditional. I argue that traditions can provide orientations that allow people to adapt to the changing conditions of their times. I locate the thematic of the book in anthropological theory on culture, modernity, and tradition. For me, doing ethnography involved a focus on events, which I recorded on video. Their analysis created starting points for conversations with interlocutors that have by now extended over more than two decades. The chapter concludes with an outline of the book, summarizing the argument Reworking Culture advances.
Frames, Labels, Locations
Authors: de Maaker Erik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this chapter I introduce the people that this book focuses on. How are Garo located socially, and what has been their trajectory of becoming? In Garo Hills, a rather sharp distinction divides people who earn their livelihood as cultivators from those who live in town and have salaried jobs. Sources of income and land relationships create contrasting realms, which only partially overlap. Structures of governance, and the financial resources linked to these are urban-centric, and rural areas do not have much political leverage at a state level. But rather than the urban simply encapsulating, dominating and transforming the rural, the latter also has assets of its own. In Garo Hills, rural land rights are reasonably well protected, while rural dwellers also constitute the source of the very traditions that define Garo ethnicity as whole.
Sonic Journeys on the Open Sea: Testing the Faithful in Old English and Anglo-Latin Literature
Authors: Brooks Britton Elliott 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article examines a distinct literary environment in Anglo-Latin and Old English literature: the open sea. It argues that such an environment was formed primarily through sound, where the geophonic actions of water and wind were used to create a literary motif, a location both to test those seeking God and to showcase their faithfulness. Those tested include the pilgrim on their journey, often to Rome, and the saint, often in ascetic seclusion. In Anglo-Latin, the geophony of the open sea was sometimes rendered with the adjective undisonus (‘wave-sounding’), a rare word used consistently in two ways: first, to function as an impediment to the person on their journey; second, to form a miniature open sea to serve as an hagiographical desert. In Old English, the literary motif of the sonic open sea occurs in the poem Andreas, which uses active verbs such as hlynnan (‘to make a loud noise, sound, [or] resound’) to render the acoustic assaults of the sea at storm. Andrew, depicted as a miles Christi, remains faithful, and the open sea calms and silences, in declaration of his victory. By comparing texts in both the Anglo-Latin and Old English traditions, this article highlights in new ways the important role of sound, particularly geophonic productions, in early medieval English literature.
Thermoneutral temperature exposure enhances slow-wave sleep with a correlated improvement in amyloid pathology in a triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Jun , Huffman Dillon , Ajwad Asma’a , McLouth Christopher J , Bachstetter Adam , Kohler Katarina , Murphy M Paul , O’Hara Bruce F , Duncan Marilyn J , Sunderam Sridhar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. There is growing evidence that disordered sleep may accelerate AD pathology by impeding the physiological clearance of Aβ from the brain that occurs in normal sleep. Therapeutic strategies for improving sleep quality may therefore help slow disease progression. It is well documented that the composition and dynamics of sleep are sensitive to ambient temperature. We therefore compared Aβ pathology and sleep metrics derived from polysomnography in 12-month-old female 3xTg-AD mice (n = 8) exposed to thermoneutral temperatures during the light period over 4 weeks to those of age- and sex-matched controls (n = 8) that remained at normal housing temperature (22°C) during the same period. The treated group experienced greater proportions of slow wave sleep (SWS)—i.e. epochs of elevated 0.5–2 Hz EEG slow wave activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep—compared to controls. Assays performed on mouse brain tissue harvested at the end of the experiment showed that exposure to thermoneutral temperatures significantly reduced levels of DEA-soluble (but not RIPA- or formic acid-soluble) Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the hippocampus, though not in the cortex. With both groups pooled together and without regard to treatment condition, NREM sleep continuity and any measure of SWS within NREM at the end of the treatment period were inversely correlated with DEA-soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels, again in the hippocampus but not in the cortex. These findings suggest that experimental manipulation of SWS could offer useful clues into the mechanisms and treatment of AD.
The Treatment of Refractory Vitiligo With Autologous Cultured Epithelium Grafting: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jian , Zeng Xuanhao , Chen Shujun , Tang Luyan , Zhang Qi , Lv Minzi , Lian Weiling , Wang Jinqi , Lv Haozhen , Liu Yating , Shen Jiayi , Uyama Taro , Wu Fuyue , Wu Jinfeng , Xu Jinhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical intervention is the main therapy for refractory vitiligo. We developed a modified autologous cultured epithelial grafting (ACEG) technique for vitiligo treatment. Between January 2015 and June 2019, a total of 726 patients with vitiligo underwent ACEG in China, with patient characteristics and clinical factors being meticulously documented. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we were able to assess the association between these characteristics and the repigmentation rate.

Results
ACEG demonstrated a total efficacy rate of 82.81% (1754/2118) in treating 726 patients, with a higher repigmentation rate of 64.87% compared to conventional surgery at 52.69%. Notably, ACEG showed a better response in treating segmental vitiligo, lesions on lower limbs, age ≤ 18, and stable period &gt; 3 years. A keratinocyte:melanocyte ratio below 25 was found to be advantageous too. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed an increase in melanocyte count and 2 subclusters of keratinocytes after ACEG, which remained higher in repigmented sites even after 1 year.

Conclusions
ACEG is a promising therapy for refractory vitiligo. Patient age, clinical type, lesion site, and stability before surgery influence repigmentation in ACEG. The mechanism of repigmentation after ACEG treatment is likely not confined to the restoration of melanocyte populations. It may also involve an increase in the number of keratinocytes that support melanocyte function within the affected area. These keratinocytes may aid the post-transplant survival and function of melanocytes by secreting cytokines and extracellular matrix components.

Trial registration
registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100051405).
Transitioning into retirement: the interplay of self and life structure
Authors: Crary Marcy , Hall Douglas T. (Tim) , Kram Kathy E , Amabile Teresa M , Bailyn Lotte 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the psychological, social, and behavioral ways in which professionals end their corporate careers and reorient themselves and their lives in the transition from employment to retirement. Framed within life course theory, specifically the adult development literature, this study leverages Levinson’s construct of life structure in relation to the self as a lens for understanding the developmental work undertaken in different phases (“phase-tasks”) of the retirement process. We define life structure as a person’s system of contexts—the roles, relationships, activities, groups, organizations, and physical settings in the person’s life—and the dynamic interconnections among them. Our research focused on the underlying micro processes of the interplay between self and life structure. This qualitative study followed 14 knowledge workers through their retirement transitions, using multiple in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data analyses revealed that the self and the life structure co-evolve, exerting mutual influence across the four phase-tasks of the retirement transition, driven by the individual’s desire for a life structure that is both suitable for the self and viable for the foreseeable future. Two in-depth case studies and data from the other 12 participants illustrate the interplay, throughout the transition, between moves made by the self on the life structure and claims and changes from the life structure influencing the self. We present an induced process model of this reciprocal influence between self and life structure across the retirement transition, and discuss our contributions to the retirement, adult development, and identity literatures, as well as practical implications.
How Agent Orange impacts prostate cancer risk, pathology, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Paracha Awais , Siddiqui Zohair , Abid Ali , Deol Ekamjit , Waheed Fatima , Hamilton Zachary 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Between 2.6 and 3.8 million veterans served in Vietnam while the US military dispersed Agent Orange (AO), although the exact number of exposed individuals is unknown. Agent Orange, an herbicide, is a known risk factor for various cancers, including sarcoma and leukemia, but less is known about its link with prostate cancer (PC). Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. In 2023, approximately 288,300 patients will be given a diagnosis of PC, and an estimated 34,700 fatalities will occur in the United States. However, whether the pathologic characteristics of PC among those exposed to AO differ from those in the general population remains unclear. Our review synthesizes the literature regarding the impact of AO exposure on PC incidence and disease course. A comprehensive PubMed literature search of articles published beginning in 1950 was performed using the primary search terms “Agent Orange,” “TCDD,” and “tetrachlorodibenzodioxin” and the secondary search terms “prostate cancer” or “prostate neoplasm.” The search was limited to studies that focused on human participants and were published in English. Four authors thoroughly reviewed the retrieved articles for relevancy to the study aims: discussion of PC diagnosis, prognosis, or management among patients exposed to AO. Of 108 studies identified in our search, 13 were included in this systematic review. Findings within studies concerning AO exposure with relation to PC incidence, age at diagnosis or treatment initiation, and PC severity seemed to be mixed and generally conflicting. However, the literature seems to indicate that there are no significant differences in survivorship between exposed and unexposed veterans who are given a diagnosis of PC. Given these heterogeneous outcomes, the evidence does not encourage a significantly different approach to the diagnosis and management of PC for veterans exposed to AO. Clinicians should make case-by-case decisions regarding PC screening and potential treatment options for this patient group, weighing clinical suspicion against the harms of diagnostic workup and treatment.
Leptomeningeal metastases in prostate cancer: A review of the current literature
Authors: Durrani Umar , Rifai Kasem , Arshad Maha , Paracha Awais , Deol Ekamjit , Paracha Maria , Waheed Fatima , Siddiqui Zohair , Abid Ali , Mustafic Esed , Rodriguez Wilson , Hamilton Zachary 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC; terms used interchangeably) is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges (specifically the arachnoid and pia maters) and spinal cord. In the United States, approximately 110,000 new cases are diagnosed each year, and the prognosis is usually poor. Complications of LMC include cognitive impairment, cranial nerve dysfunction, ischemic stroke, and mortality. The survival times of untreated and treated LMC are approximately 4–6 weeks and 2–4 months, respectively. Leptomeningeal carcinomatoses are usually metastatic cancers that spread to the central nervous system. Although lung and breast cancers have a clearly defined relationship with LMC, it remains unclear whether prostate cancer (PC) is also directly associated with LMC. To determine whether such association exists, we conducted a PubMed review of the literature on patients with PC with coexisting LMCs. Our search yielded 23 case reports of patients with preexisting PC who developed LMC. In addition, 2 retrospective cohort studies were examined.
Various findings were identified in the revised cases and studies. The first 3 findings were related to the progression of the disease: patients presenting with neurological disease symptoms were in remission from PC for 7 years on average, LMCs tended to occur after other cancer diagnoses, and the disease had already rapidly progressed by the time the symptoms were present. Regarding diagnosis, the major finding was that most LMCs were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (which does not detect early dissemination), and it was suggested that single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging could be used for earlier detection. Finally, in terms of treatment, the main finding was that treatment was palliative rather than curative and that prognosis remained poor despite treatment. On the basis of these results, we recommend for individuals with risk factors, such as high-grade PC and hormonal PC, to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis for increased surveillance of LMC development.
Muslim Women's Experiences with Infertility
Authors: Abdelnabi Samia Jamal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Infertility affects one in six women worldwide, playing a large role on an individual's psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life. The purpose of this review was to examine the experiences of Muslim women with infertility.

Methods:
A Prisma-guided literature review was conducted in Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. Sample inclusion criteria included research that examined the psychosocial consequences of infertility in women, used a qualitative design, were from a Muslim majority country or specified participants were Muslim, and were published in the English-language since 2013. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the findings into themes.

Results:
Fourteen qualitative studies that explored the experiences of Muslim women with infertility were included for analysis. Women's responses were categorized into three focus areas: (1) emotional responses, (2) interpersonal relationships, and (3) social relationships. From these focus points, six overarching themes were identified that illustrated the challenges faced by Muslim women experiencing infertility: (1) identity crisis, (2) low self-esteem and depression, (3) abuse and harassment, (4) a weakened marital bond, (5) stigma, and (6) social exclusion and isolation.

Clinical Implications:
Review of the literature provided an initial entrée into understanding the experiences of Muslim women with infertility. Understanding the unique role of infertility within a religious community equips nurses and other providers with the knowledge that discussions surrounding infertility must be conducted with cultural sensitivity. Further research should be conducted to explore and offer culturally tailored educational materials that align with the religious preferences of Muslim women.
Empowering Nurses for High-Value Healthcare
Authors: Kapu April 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Recognizing the positive impact of clinical data outcomes and patient care experiences, coupled with the growing preference for advanced practice RNs among patients, it is imperative that nurse leaders propel legislative reforms and infrastructure support from health systems. This strategic approach is crucial for maximizing the potential of nurses in improving patient care experience and outcomes, as well as increasing accessibility to healthcare in every community.
Pao 2 and Mortality in Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Retrospective Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry, 2015–2020*
Authors: Brohan Orlane , Chenouard Alexis , Gaultier Aurélie , Tonna Joseph E. , Rycus Peter , Pezzato Stefano , Moscatelli Andrea , Liet Jean-Michel , Bourgoin Pierre , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Léger Pierre-Louis , Rambaud Jérôme , Joram Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:Extracorporeal life support can lead to rapid reversal of hypoxemia but the benefits and harms of different oxygenation targets in severely ill patients are unclear. Our primary objective was to investigate the association between the Pao2after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation and mortality in neonates treated for respiratory failure.DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry data, 2015–2020.PATIENTS:Newborns supported by ECMO for respiratory indication were included.INTERVENTIONS:None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Pao224 hours after ECMO initiation (H24 Pao2) was reported. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. We identified 3533 newborns (median age 1 d [interquartile range (IQR), 1–3]; median weight 3.2 kg [IQR, 2.8–3.6]) from 198 ELSO centers, who were placed on ECMO. By 28 days of life, 731 (20.7%) had died. The median H24 Pao2was 85 mm Hg (IQR, 60–142). We found that both hypoxia (Pao2< 60 mm Hg) and moderate hyperoxia (Pao2201–300 mm Hg) were associated with greater adjusted odds ratio (aOR [95% CI]) of 28-day mortality, respectively: aOR 1.44 (95% CI, 1.08–1.93),p= 0.016, and aOR 1.49 (95% CI, 1.01–2.19),pvalue equals to 0.045.CONCLUSIONS:Early hypoxia or moderate hyperoxia after ECMO initiation are each associated with greater odds of 28-day mortality among neonates requiring ECMO for respiratory failure.