bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐Resolved fluorometric sandwich immunoassay for human growth hormone in serum and urine
Authors: Hashida Seiichi , Tanaka Koichiro , Ishikawa Eiji , Inoue Shinobu , Hayakawa Kunio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA specific and sensitive time‐resolved fluorometric sandwich immunoassay for human growth hormone (hGH) in serum and urine is described. A monoclonal anti‐hGH IgG1 (5802)–coated polystyrene ball was incubated with serum or dialyzed urine and subsequently with europium ion‐labeled monoclonal anti‐hGH IgG1 (5801). Europium ion bound to the polystyrene ball was measured by time‐resolved fluorometry. The detection limit of hGH was 0.3 pg/tube, which was 15‐fold higher than that by sandwich enzyme immunoassay using horseradish peroxidase as label. The assay range of serum hGH was 15–15,000 ng/liter using 20 μl of serum. The assay range of urinary hGH was 2–2,000 ng/liter using 150 μl of dialyzed urine. The detection limits of hGH in serum and urine by this immunoassay were satisfactory for measuring hGH levels in serum and urine of healthy children and in serum of healthy adults and higher levels but not in urine of healthy adults and in serum and urine of patients with hGH deficiency.
Infant feeding effects on flow cytometric analysis of blood
Authors: Carver Jane D. , Pimentel Bernardo , Barness Lewis A. , Wiener Doris A. , Lowell Nancy E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFlow cytometric analysis was performed on purified mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood samples of 11 adults, 7 breast‐fed (BF) infants and 11 formula‐fed (FF) infants, mean ages 34.2 ± 4.3 years, 6.3 ± 1.3 months, and 6.2 ± 1.2 months, respectively. Infants were receiving at least 70% of calories from formula or breast milk. Infant mononuclear cell populations contained a higher percentage of lymphocytes and a lower percentage of monocytes compared with adults. Within the lymphocyte population, infants had a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio (T helper‐inducer/T cytotoxic‐suppressor), a higher percentage of CD19+ (pan B) and CD4+ cells, and a lower percentage of CD8+ and CD16+ (natural‐killer) cells compared with adults. CD3+ (pan T) and CD4+ lymphocyte percentages were higher and CD19+ lymphocyte percentages were lower in FF compared with BF infants. Although sample size is small, our data indicate that diet may influence lymphocyte subset distribution during infancy when the majority of calories is derived from infant formula or human milk.
Cytomegalovirus testing: Antibody determinations and virus cultures with recommendations for use
Authors: Schultz Duane A. , Chandler Susan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous virus with the property of becoming latent in the immunocompetent host. It can also cause devastating infections in the immunocompromised patient. Several different assays are available to detect either cytomegalovirus antibodies or cytomegalovirus itself, five of which are used at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. The latex agglutination (LA) test is used to detect antibody positivity in transplant donors, transplant recipients, and others. The complement fixation (CF) test is used to detect seroconversion or reactivation of infection in the CMV positive host. The immunofluorescent antibody–IgM (IFA‐IgM) test is used to diagnose infection in congenitally or neonatally infected infants. The “routine” CMV culture is the “gold standard” for the detection of the cytomegalovirus in patient secretions. The shell vial assay, a rapid method of detecting virus, is most useful when contemplating therapy for active CMV infection. The advantages and limitations, as well as the timing and appropriateness of each test, are reviewed.
Quantitative automated latex nephelometric immunoassay for determination of myoglobin in human serum
Authors: Borque Luis , Rus Antonio , Ruiz Roberto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have evaluated a new latex nephelometric test for the quantitation of myoglobin in human serum. The assay consists of incubating the diluted serum sample (20‐fold) for 12 min at room temperature with latex particles covalently coated with anti‐myoglobin antibodies and then quantifying the change of light‐scatter produced. The assay is fully automated on the Behring nephelometer analyzer with a sampling rate of 150 samples/ hour. There is no interference from bilirubin (up to 340 μmol/l), haemoglobin (up to 7,000 mg/l), or rheumatoid factor (up to 1,100 int. units/ml). Myoglobin standard curve extends from 20 to 380 μg/I. Assay detection limit lies around 6 μg/l. Coefficient of variation ranged from 2.7 to 7.6%. Correlation coefficient between latex immunoassay and an RIA method was 0.987, calculated from the assay of 37 samples. A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution for females and males. The serum level of myoglobin showed an age‐dependent variation. Concentrations up to 60 μg/l are considered to be normal.
Tissue peroxidase in the normal and neoplastic salivary gland
Authors: Armstrong Donald , Wormer Dale Van , Dimmitt Sandra 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeroxidase activity was measured by two colorimetric methods in six neoplastic tumors of the parotid salivary gland. When p‐phenylenediamine was used as the hydrogen donor co‐substrate, peroxidase activity was absent or reduced from 6 to 22% of normal in these tumors. Cross reactivity with normal peroxidase antibody could not be demonstrated in tumors exhibiting negative activity. Two neoplastic salivary glands had well‐described, encapsulated tumors which showed reduced peroxidase activity when compared with the normal uninvolved portion. However, when guaiacol was substituted for p‐phenylenediamine, normal activity was recorded. After dialysis, peroxidase activity was not enhanced. Mixing experiments showed no effect of the tumor extract on the peroxidase activity of normal saliva, nor on salivary gland supernatant. Normal salivary gland peroxidase was inhibited 90% by 10‐2 g/L aminotriazole, but neoplastic tumors were inhibited less (13 and 73%).It is suggested that perioxidase is a simple marker for the detection of neoplasia and can be of value in the differentiation of benign tumors.
Comparison of two screening methods, modified hb h preparation and the osmotic fragility test, for alpha‐thalassemic traits on the basis of gene mapping
Authors: Lin Chung K. , Jiang Mei L. , Chien Chih C. , Yang Man L. , Lin Hsi H. , Peng Hong W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated 61 patients with two screening tests for alpha‐thalassemia traits on the basis of endonuclease gene mapping. Comparing these two methods—the osmotic fragility test of the red cell and modified hemoglobin H inclusion staining for the sensitivity—we found that the latter was much superior to the former with 100% sensitivity in detecting heterozygous alpha‐1 thalassemia and it was also specific as a confirmatory test for thalassemia traits. Red cell indices are still the basic screening tool and can be used together with modified Hb H inclusion staining. The osmotic fragility test was not better than the red cell indices and was not confirmatory. Besides the MCV, RBC, and discrimination functions, we found that RBC distribution width‐standard deviation (RDW‐SD) was consistently low in heterozygous alpha‐1 thalassemia but not in heterozygous alpha‐2 thalassemia. None of the above tests was shown to be really helpful in screening in the latter situation. We conclude that the modified Hb H inclusion staining is superior to the osmotic fragility test in screening of alpha‐1 thalassemia.
A simple ICP‐MS procedure for the determination of total mercury in whole blood and urine
Authors: Kalamegham Ramaswami , Ash K. Owen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple and sensitive procedure for total mercury in whole blood and urine using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is described. Specimens are prepared by precipitation‐extraction with 50% v/v hydrochloric acid containing EDTA and cysteine, centrifuged, and filtered through fritended screening column; the filtrates are directly analyzed by ICP‐MS. The method is linear between 2 and 200 μg/L in the specimen with an absolute sensitivity of 0.2 μg/L in the final supernatant. The assay variability at various concentrations (μg/L) of mercury are as follows: intra‐assay whole blood (n = 20)—4.6 ± 0.6(c.v. 12.3%), 18.3 ± 1.1(c.v.6.1%), 56.4 ± 2.8(c.v.5.0%); inter‐assay whole blood (n = 15)—5.7 ± 1.0(c.v.16.8%), 19.7 ± 2.7(c.v. 13.5%), and 50.1 ± 6.9(c.v.13.7%); urine (n = 20)—9.3 ± 1.2 (c.v. 12.9%), 29.6 ± 2.2 (c.v. 7.4%). Recovery of organic and inorganic mercury from blood samples ranges from 91.6% to 110.2%. The method is suitable for analysis of total mercury, both organic and inorganic, in whole blood and urine. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary findings on the variation of serum apolipoprotein levels in neural degenerative disorders
Authors: Ikeda Teruaki , Sugiuchi Hiroyuki , Senba Umeko , Shibuya Yohko , Uji Yoshinori , Okabe Hiroaki , Araki Shukuro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe measured six apolipoproteins (Al, All, B, Cll, Clll, and E) in the serum of patients with several kinds of neural diseases [diabetic neuropathy and neural degenerative disorders (motor neuron degenerative disorders, spinocerebellar degeneration, Parkinson's disease)], comparing them to the age‐matched healthy controls using the immunoturbidimetric method.Statistically significant decreases of serum apo‐AI, apo‐A‐ll and increases of apo‐CIII, apo‐E were observed in neural degenerative diseases; and, particularly, higher apo‐B and apo‐CII concentrations were observed in diabetic neuropathy.Most neural degenerative disease showed lower apo‐All. However, in motor neuron degenerative disorders, higher apo C‐ll and apo‐E were seen. Lower apo‐AI was seen in spinocerebellar degeneration, and lower apo‐All was seen in Parkinson's disease. Higher apo‐B, Cll, and E levels were observed in females with spinocerebellar degeneration and Parkinson's disease, and lower apo‐All was seen in males with spinocerebellar disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric detection of recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor binding to leukemic cells
Authors: Tatsumi Noriyuki , Yamane Takahisa , Tsuda Izumi , Okuda Kiyoshi , Chaisiripoomkere Watana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo examine binding of recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor to myeloid cells, the factor was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and incubated with blood specimens, which were then analyzed by flow cytometry. Neutrophils demonstrated an increased fluorescence, while lymphocytes were negative. These cell fractions were used as controls for cytometric binding assays of leukemic cells. Six patients with lymphocytic leukemia were negative in this assay. Ten of 15 patients with myelocytic leukemia were positive. All patients (n = 5) in myeloblastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia were also positive. The flow cytometry results correlated well with the results of colony formation in response to granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor. The results indicate that our method is useful in predicting the susceptibility of leukemic cells to recombinant growth factors. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated latex nephelometric immunoassay for the measurement of serum lipoprotein (a)
Authors: Borque Luis , Rus Antonio , del Cura Jorge , Maside Carlos , Escanero Jesus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive immunoassay based on latex particle agglutination has been developed for measuring lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations in serum or plasma. Carboxylated latex particles (diameter 240 nm) covalently coated with F(ab')2 fragments of anti‐lipoprotein Lp(a) antibodies are incubated with diluted sample (400‐fold) for 12 min at room temperature, with the resulting agglutination quantified by measuring the change of light‐scatter produced. The assay has been automated on the Behring nephelometer analyzer with a sampling rate of 150 samples/hour. This assay generates a standard curve in the range of 27 to 1750 mg/L, showing inter‐assay precision of less than 8%. There were no interferences from plasminogen, bilirubin, Intralipid™, haemoglobin, rheumatoid factor, and apolipoprotein B. No significant differences were observed when fresh and frozen samples were compared. Sample pretreatment with “Lipoclean” clearing agent and sample lyophillization decreased the agglutinating reaction. In two separate studies using 77 and 112 patient sera the Lp(a) values, determined by the latex nephelometric method, the Terumo Macra™ Lp(a) ELISA test, and the Pharmacia Apo(a) radioimmunoassay method, gave correlation coefficients of 0.948 and 0.974, respectively. Physiological lipoprotein (a) values were determined in a blood donor group, with the distribution of serum Lp(a) highly skewed, with a mean (SD) and median values of 213(236) mg/L and 116 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations of Lp(a) were found to be age‐and sex‐independent. This latex nephelometric procedure is a convenient method and an interesting alternative to other immunoassays for routine measurement of human lipoprotein (a). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus: Rapid detection in nasopharyngeal secretions and evaluation of isolates representing different RSV subgroups
Authors: Siqueira Marilda M. , Nascimento Jussara P. , Portes Silvana A. R. , Schuy Wilhelm 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique and by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 169 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions of infants and children with acute respiratory infections. Of 31 samples positive by EIA, 25 were positive by IFA. In 24 samples from a retrospective study, RSV positive by IFA and/or tissue culture isolation (TCI), 22 were also positive by EIA. The EIA was also evaluated with 111 RSV isolates in Hep2 cell cultures representing different RSV subgroups. All were positive by EIA. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A survey of ciguatera: Assessment of Puako, Hawaii, associated with ciguatera toxin epidemics in humans
Authors: Hokama Y. , Asahina A. Y. , Titus E. , Shirai J. L. R. , Hong T. W. P , Chun S. , Miyahara J. T. , Takata D. , Muranaka A. , Pang E. , Abbott I. A. , Ichinotsubo D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA survey for the assessment of the ciguatera problem has been determined in Puako, South Kohala, on the Island of Hawaii. This is in the area of persistent ciguateric outbreaks during the months of January through March, caused by a specific species of fish (Cheilinus rhodo‐chrous, red rose Gambierdiscus toxicus, and various species of fish, including herbivores and carnivores, gave positive indications of Puako as a potential ciguateric area. Algae associated with Gambierdiscus toxicus blooms and the dinoflagellate itself were found in transects A and D. Transects A and D showed 291 G. toxicus per gram of Tolycarpidia glomurata and 9 G. toxicus per gram of Turbinaria sp. with epiphytic Jania sp., respectively. No G. toxicus was found in transects B and C. This may be attributed to the low salinity from intrusion of freshwater in this vicinity. Examinations of the fish, kole, manini, Hawaiian kole, roi, and po'ou by the solid‐phase immunoassay showed 89% of fish in the borderline and positive categories from all transects. Extracts of viscera and flesh showed high levels of toxicity in mouse (13 of 23 deaths), particularly in the viscera (gut) of both herbivores and carnivores. The guinea pig atrial analysis generally showed a few cigua‐toxin‐like, but most were nonciguateric type responses. The data presented in this Puako survey showed evidence of toxic fish associated with ciguatoxin‐like and most probably other toxins, either polyethers or non‐poly‐ethers as yet unidentified. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological characterization of pancreatic stone protein in human urine
Authors: Tatemichi Noriyuki , Kato Masanori , Hayakawa Shinobu , Hayakawa Tetsuo , Naruse Satoru , Kitagawa Motoji , Sobajima Hiroshi , Nakae Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to study the mechanism and origin of urine pancreatic stone protein (PSP), PSP was analyzed in the urine and sera from healthy subjects, patients with renal disease, and intensive care patients by Mono S chromatography and Western blotting. The elution patterns could be classified into three types. In control urine, a single peak of immunoreactive PSP (peak I) was identified at the position of PSP–S2–5 (typeA). In three of seven patients with renal disease, another peak of urine immunoreactive PSP (peak II) was recognized at the position slower than that corresponding to that of PSP–S1 (type B). In urine from one patient with diabetic nephropathy, a third peak of immunoreactive PSP (peak III) was eluted between peaks I and II (type C). In Western blotting, the bands in urine from patients with renal disease and of those in ICU mainly appeared at the positions of high‐molecular‐weight types of PSP and PSP–S2–5, respectively. These results suggest that the kidney can be another major source of urine PSP in addition to the pancreas. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β2‐GPI‐dependent and independent binding of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions
Authors: Ozawa Nobuaki , Makino Tsunehisa , Matsubayashi Hidehiko , Hosokawa Tomotoshi , Someya Ken‐Ichi , Nozawa Shiro , Matsuura Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe measured anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in plasma samples from 214 women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing solid phase cardiolipin (CL) and β2‐glycoprotein I (β2‐GPI). Sixteen patients (7.5%) were positive for β2‐GPI‐dependent aCL. Though β2‐GPI appeared to enhance the binding of aCL, β2‐GPI‐independent aCL were also observed in these patients (4.7%). The patients were classified into three groups on the basis of their medical history, and analysis of data of individual groups revealed that the incidence of β2‐GPI‐dependent aCL was significantly higher in patients who had experienced at least one fetal loss in the second or third trimester. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contemporary concepts for the clinical and laboratory evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus and “lupus‐like” syndromes
Authors: Nakamura Robert M. , Bylund David J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a nonorgan‐specific autoimmune disease which affects multiple organ systems and is multifactorial in etiology.SLE is the prototypic systemic rheumatic disease with immune dysregulation characterized by (1) polyclonal activation of B‐cells and (2) production of a large spectrum of autoantibodies with a marked preference for nuclear and intracellular antigens.The clinical and laboratory manifestations and criteria for classification and diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus‐like syndromes, and various subsets of systemic lupus erythematosus, are reviewed. The differential diagnosis of SLE and related diseases is described with correlation of specific intracellular autoantibodies. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of porcine pancreatic islets: Low trypsin activity during the isolation procedure guarantees reproducible high islet yields
Authors: Heiser Axel , Ulrichs Karin , Müller‐Ruchholtz Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring the past few years, interest in xenotransplantation of porcine islets of Langerhans for the future therapy of type I diabetes has increased markedly. Therefore, we established a semiautomated digestion method for isolating islets from the porcine pancreas. However, although the isolation technique was standardized and collagenase of controlled quality was used, we were unable to attain high islet yields with a satisfactory degree of reproducibility. One hypothesis was that varying degrees of interference by donor pancreatic enzymes were responsible for this failure. The aim of this study was to examine the kinetics of four types of enzymatic activity during the isolation procedure, as well as their effects on islet yield: collagenase, trypsin, neutral protease, and clostripain. Our results indicate that while exogenous collagenase activity decreases slightly during the isolation procedure, the activity of the pancreas enzymes neutral protease and trypsin increases. In some cases, trypsin activity increases very strongly. A strong increase in trypsin activity correlates with poor islet yield, whereas low trypsin activity always correlates with high islet yield. Addition of the protease inhibitor Pefabloc to the isolation medium results in low trypsin activity and reproducible high islet yields. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Epstein‐Barr virus in hodgkin's disease: Experience of a single university hospital in Korea
Authors: Park Chang‐Soo , Juhng Sang‐Woo , Brigati David J. , Montone Kathleen T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHodgkin's disease is known to be associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in Western countries, and viral nucleic acids and proteins have been identified within Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells, which are the histopathologic hallmark of the disease process. Twenty‐five cases of Hodgkin's disease from a single university hospital in Korea were studied for evidence of EBV by in situ hybridization for EBV DNA and RNA and immunohistochemistry for an EBV latent protein. EBV nucleic acids were studied by a rapid (60 minutes) in situ hybridization procedure, which utilized biotinylated DNA probes specific for the following nucleic acid sequences: (1) EBV EBER1 RNA (an abundant RNA sequence expressed during latent EBV infection), (2) EBV Notl repeats (a tandemly repeated DNA sequence, which has been established to identify amplified EBV genome in lytic EBV infection), and (3) BAM HI W (a DNA sequence reiterated 11 times within the viral genome). In addition, immunohistochemistry for EBV latent membrane protein, a protein that is capable of inducing cellular transformation in cell culture, was also performed. EBV was identified within the neoplastic RS cells by at least one method in 19/25 cases (76%). The mixed cellularity subtype was the most common subtype associated with EBV infection (11/13–85%). In situ hybridization for EBV EBER1 RNA was the most sensitive method for EBV detection and was present in 17/25 cases. A significant proportion of Korean Hodgkin's disease cases is associated with EBV infection. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HLA antigens and resistance to HIV
Authors: Peixinho Zulma F. , Mendes Nelson F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe role of histocompatibility antigens in HIV infection has been investigated by several approaches. Thus the haplotype A1B8DR3 that is usually linked to autoimmune disorders seems to be associated with accelerated progression to AIDS. Cross‐reactivity between MHC antigens and HIV‐1 proteins is evident from alloimmunization experiments in mice and xenoimmunization of monkeys with human cells. Furthermore, recent reports suggest that some individuals with uncommon HLA antigens may be resistant to HIV infection. In addition to expressing cross‐reacting antigens with HLA, HIV also exhibits substantial amounts of host beta‐2 microglobulin and HLA‐DR attached to its surface. Taken together, these data are stimulating new hypotheses relevant for AIDS pathogenesis. Based on alloimmunization, novel approaches have also been proposed in attempts to promote an effective immune response to HIV. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.