bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric centres of action associated with the Atlantic ITCZ position
Authors: Souza Paula , Cavalcanti Iracema Fonseca Albuquerque 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRelationships between Atlantic extra‐tropical features and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position close to Northeast Brazil are discussed, on the basis of atmosphere and ocean patterns in DJF and April. Composites for three situations were analysed. In the first composite, years with extreme positive North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) in DJF and the ITCZ displaced southward in April were selected. The other two composites were related only to anomalous ITCZ positions—either south or north of the equator—in April. The physical mechanism for the relation between the NAOI and the ITCZ is the influence of the southern North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) centre on the North Atlantic subtropical high, the sea surface temperature (SST) and the intensity of the trade winds; however, this situation occurred in only a few years. Analysis of the other situations indicated the influence of a dominant mode of variability over the North and South Atlantic Oceans that affects the ITCZ position. Over the North Atlantic, this mode was related to a shifting of the NAO pattern, which modified the position of the North Atlantic subtropical high. Over the South Atlantic, this mode indicated an extra‐tropical centre of action associated with displacement of the South Atlantic subtropical high. A proposed index for monitoring ITCZ position, named the North Atlantic Index (NAI), was calculated from sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the two centres of action of the North Atlantic in DJF, which are related to the shifting of the NAO. Although the NAO index is related to atmospheric/oceanic features associated with ITCZ displacement, the new index presented higher and more organized correlations with atmospheric and oceanic conditions linked to ITCZ behaviour and can be useful even when the NAO is not extreme. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Combination of large volume sample stacking and reversed pH junction in capillary electrophoresis for online preconcentration of glycoforms of recombinant human erythropoietin
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Zhen , Kang Mingchao , Liu Sichang , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractResolution of glycoforms of a glycoprotein is usually a challenge for an analytical chemist, which is often associated with the difficulty of detecting a large number of glycoforms with sufficient sensitivity. CE is the main workhorse for the analysis of glycoproteins; however, the current methods are only applicable to high concentration samples. Therefore, the development of online preconcentration approaches is important for the CE analysis of glycoproteins. In this study, we present a combined strategy for online preconcentrating glycoforms of glycoproteins, which couples two individual online preconcentration techniques, i.e., large volume sample stacking (LVSS) and reversed pH junction (RPHJ). LVSS allows for compressing a large injected sample volume into a narrow sample zone, contributing to the main sensitivity improvement, while RPHJ coordinates the preconcentration process to improve the resolution. This strategy was verified with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a typical glycoprotein, as the test analyte, and the effects of experimental conditions were investigated. It was found that there is a compromise between sensitivity enhancement and resolution for online preconcentration of glycoprotein glycoforms. By using this strategy, the detection sensitivity can be improved by 50–100 times for rhEPO.
Pressurized CEC with gradient elution for separation of flavonoids from corn
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Jia Li , Chen Deping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA pressurized CEC (pCEC) method with gradient elution was developed for the analysis of flavonoids in two genetically modified corns and five nongenetically modified corns. The pCEC separation of flavonoids was performed on a monolithic silica‐ODS column with UV detection at 270 nm. The effects of the concentration of organic solvent in the mobile phase, pH of the electrolyte buffer, applied voltage, and the gradient elution conditions were evaluated systematically. Gradient elution mode was used as an online concentration method to improve the detection sensitivity of flavonoids. Compared to the conventional injection (0.2 μL), there were 9‐ to 20‐fold improvements in the detection sensitivity at the injection volume of 5 μL without adverse effect on the band broadening and the separation resolution. The LODs for the six flavonoids were in the range of 6.5–46 ng/mL under the gradient elution conditions. The developed gradient pCEC method was applied to evaluate flavonoids in various types of corns. The contents of flavonoids in genetically modified corns and nongenetically modified corns were compared.
Multigrid methods for the symmetric interior penalty method on graded meshes
Authors: Brenner S. C. , Cui J. , Sung L.‐Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe symmetric interior penalty (SIP) method on graded meshes and its fast solution by multigrid methods are studied in this paper. We obtain quasi‐optimal error estimates in both the energy norm and the L2 norm for the SIP method, and prove uniform convergence of the W‐cycle multigrid algorithm for the resulting discrete problem. The performance of these methods is illustrated by numerical results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vacuum filling process for electrolyte in enhancing electrochromic polymer window assembly
Authors: Xu Chunye , Ma Chao , Kong Xiangxing , Taya Minoru 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe electrochromic (EC) smart window developed in our group is based on EC polymers. This is a multilayer structured device, with an ion conductive electrolyte sandwiched between the EC and ion storage layers. Achieving a void free and uniform electrolyte layer without damaging the EC polymer thin film is the key process, which strongly affects the mass production of large sized electrochromic window (ECW). We developed a vacuum filling station system for ECW. A specially shaped ECW with inlet port was designed and used in the test. Dimension of the cavity between two layers was controlled by glass beads spacer (30–50 µm). Using the principle of fluid capillary effect, low vacuum pressure (∼100 µm Hg) helps to accelerate liquid electrolyte (propylene carbonate dissolved with lithium perchlorate) filling into the cavity without bubbles. The developed vacuum filling station system demonstrated enhancing ECW assembly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of new poly(ether amide)s based on a new cardo monomer
Authors: Maji Samarendra , Sen Suman Kumar , Dasgupta Barnali , Chatterjee Shyambo , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new cardo diamine monomer 3, 3‐bis‐[4‐{2′trifluoromethyl 4′‐(4″‐aminophenyl) phenoxy} phenyl]‐2‐phenyl‐2, 3‐dihydro‐isoindole‐1‐one (4) has been synthesized from potentially cheap phenolphthalein as the starting material. This diamine was used for the synthesis of a new poly(ether amide) and two co‐poly(ether amide)s using 4, 4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) as co‐monomer by direct solution polycondensation with 5‐t‐butyl iso‐phthalic acid. These new polymers showed inherent viscosities of 0.48–0.62 dL g−1. The resulting poly(ether amide) and co‐poly(ether amide)s were readily soluble in polar aprotic solvents like NMP, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, and pyridine. The polymers have been fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. These polymers showed glass transition temperatures in the range of 267–310°C. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated high thermal stability of these polymers at 5 and 10% weight loss temperature in air above 357°C and 419°C, respectively. The poly(ether amide) films cast from DMAc were flexible with tensile strength up to 91 MPa, elongations at break up to 11%, and modulus of elasticity up to 1.82 GPa. X‐ray diffraction measurements indicate the amorphous nature of the poly(ether amide)s. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the protein chip interface with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to directly identify peaks in SELDI profiles – initial evaluation using low molecular weight serum peaks
Authors: Peng Jianhe , Stanley Anthea J. , Cairns David , Selby Peter J. , Banks Rosamonde E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMass spectrometric profiling, particularly in the form of SELDI, has been used in many studies, particularly in attempts to generate diagnostic serum profiles. Several studies have generated promising results but one of the limitations is the inability to identify easily potential discriminatory peaks. This may enable specific assays to be developed and increased biological insight. We describe the first systematic technical evaluation of the ProteinChip interface coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer which allows direct sequencing of peptides <6000 Da, and describe the direct sequence identification of 21 peaks commonly observed in serum samples. Additionally we describe for the first time the use of on‐chip acetylation to assist in the validation of sequence identification.
Health‐related quality‐of‐life in patients with head‐and‐neck cancer in Sri Lanka: psychometric properties of the ‘Sinhala’ version of the EORTC QLQ‐H&N35
Authors: Jayasekara Harindra , Rajapaksa Lalini C. , Aaronson Neil K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective: To translate and validate the ‘Sinhala’ language version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer head‐and‐neck cancer‐specific health‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire module, the QLQ‐H&N35, for use in Sri Lanka.Methods: Psychometric testing assessed the hypothesized scale structure, scale reliability, construct validity and acceptability of the translated version of the QLQ‐H&N35 in a consecutive series of 196 newly diagnosed head‐and‐neck cancer patients, recruited from tertiary‐care oncology treatment centres in Sri Lanka.Results: Compliance was high (97.5%), although nearly 40% of patients required assistance with completion of the questionnaire. Twenty‐four sexually inactive patients declined to answer one or both items of the sexuality scale. Multi‐trait scaling confirmed the overall scale structure, with good item‐convergent (100%) and ‐discriminant (93.8%) validity, and scaling success (86.8%) rates. Cronbach's alpha coefficients exceeded 0.70 for all scales, except problems with sexuality (0.60) and problems with senses (0.61), which also evidenced a lower scaling success rate (50%). Confirmation of construct validity included satisfactory results for inter‐scale correlations and known‐groups comparisons for most scales; most correlations were statistically significant (p<0.01), with conceptually related scales showing relatively higher correlation. Most scale scores were able to discriminate clearly between pre‐ and current treatment patients.Conclusions: Results of the study provide strong support for the psychometric robustness of the ‘Sinhala’ version of the QLQ‐H&N35. It may be advisable to interpret the two items assessing sensory problems separately, and to elicit information on sexuality from only those who are sexually active. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forced inspiratory flow volume curve in healthy young children
Authors: Vilozni Daphna , Efrati Ori , Barak Asher , Yahav Yakov , Augarten Arie , Bentur Lea 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIntroductionSpirometry testing should include both expiratory and inspiratory measurements. Inspiratory forced maneuvers can demonstrate extrathoracic airway abnormalities, of which various symptoms may suggest asthma. However, the inspiratory portion of the forced flow/volume maneuver in young healthy children has not yet been described.ObjectivesTo document and analyze the forced inspiratory flow volume curve indices in healthy young children.Settings and ParticipantsHealthy preschool children (age 2.5–6.5 years) from community kindergartens around Israel.MethodsThe teaching method included multi‐target, interactive spirometry games and accessory games for inspiration (e.g., inspiratory whistle).ResultsOne hundred and fourteen out of a total of 157 children performed duplicate full adequate inspiratory maneuvers. Repeatability between two maneuvers was 5.6%, 4.0%, 5.1%, 7.3% for inspiratory capacity (IC), forced inspiratory vital capacity (FIVC), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), and mid inspiratory flow (FIF50). Inspiratory flow indices were significantly lower than the expiratory flow indices. The time to reach PIF was significantly longer (mean ± SD; 229 ± 21 msec) than the time to reach peak expiratory flow (92 ± 8 msec; P < 0.0001). The shape of the inspiratory curve was parabolic and did not vary with age. The formed predicted equations were in agreement with the extrapolated values for older healthy children.ConclusionsThe majority of healthy young children can perform reliable maximum inspiratory flow volume curves. Our results provide a framework of reference equations for maximum inspiratory flow volume curve in the young children. The clinical applications of these equations have to be explored. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:105–111. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hg3In2Te6‐based photodiodes for fiber optic communication
Authors: Kosyachenko L. A. , Kabanova I. S. , Sklyarchuk V. M. , Sklyarchuk O. F. , Rarenko I. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSchottky barrier photodiodes obtained by vacuum evaporation of the semi‐transparent film over the surface of single crystalline Hg3In2Te6 substrates pre‐treated by Ar ion bombardment. The responsivity maximum of the photodiodes is at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, corresponding to the transmission window in silica glass fiber with the minimal optical losses. The dark current in the diodes is determined by generation‐recombination processes in the space‐charge region and quantitatively governed by the Sah–Noyce–Shockley theory. A comparison of the photoelectric parameters of Hg3In2Te6 and Ge photodiodes is reported. The speed of the photodiode response is in the range 10–8 s to 10–7 s. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ground state magnetization distribution and characteristic width of head to head domain wall in Fe‐rich amorphous microwire
Authors: Gudoshnikov S. A. , Grebenshchikov Yu. B. , Ljubimov B. Ya. , Palvanov P. S. , Usov N. A. , Ipatov M. , Zhukov A. , Gonzalez J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe total magnetic charges of head to head domain walls, Q = 〈Mz〉 S, are measured for a family of amorphous glass‐coated Fe‐rich microwires by means of time integration of the electro‐motive force signals induced in a pick‐up coil wound around the wire. Here 〈Mz〉 is the average longitudinal wire magnetization and S is the cross‐section of the wire metallic core. The measured values of 〈Mz〉 = 1100–1200 emu/cm3 are close to the wire saturation magnetization. This means that Fe‐rich microwires of given family are nearly uniformly magnetized in its ground state, far from the wire ends. The characteristic width of the head to head domain wall is estimated to be δ ∼ (40–75) d, depending on the wall velocity, where d is the metallic core diameter. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure and temperature tuning of InGaP/AlGaInP laser diodes from red to yellow
Authors: Bercha A. , Bohdan R. , Trzeciakowski W. , Dybała F. , Piechal B. , Sanayeh M. Bou , Reufer M. , Brick P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRed laser diodes emitting at 636 nm and 645 nm are studied as a function of pressure up to 20 kbar and temperature from 300 K down to 80 K. The 636 nm samples reveal anomalous L –I –V dependence at low temperatures and at high pressures. The 645 nm samples do not show these anomalies and can be tuned by pressure and temperature down to 575 nm, i.e., in the 70 nm range with powers above 200 mW and low threshold currents. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid thermal annealing temperature dependence of noise properties in Au/n‐GaAs Schottky diodes with embedded InAs quantum dots in asymmetric In0.2Ga0.8As wells
Authors: Arpatzanis N. , Hastas N. A. , Dimitriadis C. A. , Konstantinidis G. , Charitidis C. , Song J. D. , Choi W. J. , Lee J. I. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effect of rapid thermal annealing temperature on the trap properties of Au/n‐GaAs Schottky diodes with embedded InAs quantum dots in asymmetric In0.2Ga0.8As wells have been investigated by capacitance–voltage (C –V) and low frequency noise (LFN) measurements in both reverse and forward bias regimes. The current noise spectra show 1/f behaviour and generation–recombination (g–r) noise, attributed to uniformly distributed traps in energy and to a discrete trap level in the energy band‐gap of the GaAs capping layer, respectively. The experimental results show that the annealing temperature is closely related with the level of these noise sources. The apparent doping concentrations, calculated from the C –V characteristics, indicate that the density of trapping states near the buffer layer interface is increased as the annealing temperature increases. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐dimensional photonic crystals for mid‐infrared quantum dot intersublevel emission
Authors: Houel Julien , Homeyer Estelle , Checoury Xavier , Laurent Stephane , Fishman Guy , Sauvage Sebastien , Boucaud Philippe , Guilet Stephane , Braive Remi , Miard Audrey , Lemaitre Aristide , Sagnes Isabelle 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have fabricated two‐dimensional photonic crystals for the mid‐infrared spectral range. These photonic crystals are engineered in order to show optical modes in resonance with quantum dot intersublevel transitions. A novel fabrication technique was developed to obtain suspended membranes in a planar geometry. The membranes are 3 μm thick and the lattice periodicities vary between 3.5 μm to 6.5 μm. We show that the photonic crystals modes can be probed by the room temperature emissivity using a photomodulation technique. Bloch‐modes of the photonic crystals are observed around 11 μm wavelength. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical transport properties of a single wall carbon nanotube network
Authors: Hwang J. S. , Kim H. T. , Kim H. K. , Son M. H. , Hwang S. W. , Ahn D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network is fabricated and its electronic transport properties are investigated. It shows a typical p‐type field‐effect‐transistor (FET) behavior and nonlinearities in the source current‐source bias characteristics. The network also exhibits incomplete turn‐off and a small mobility. These characteristics are explained by the fact that the network is a mixture of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs connecting with one another. Various cross junctions such as SWCNT (semiconducting)‐SWCNT (semiconducting), SWCNT (semiconducting)‐SWCNT (metallic) are the source of nonlinearities and the small mobility. Incomplete turn‐off can be explained by the parallel conduction paths consisting of metallic SWCNTs which are insensitive to the gate bias. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Small‐signal cross‐gain modulation and crosstalk characteristics of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 μm
Authors: Kim J. , Laemmlin M. , Meuer C. , Liebich S. , Eisenstein G. , Kovsh A. R. , Mikhrin S. S. , Krestnikov I. L. , Bimberg D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe present experimental and numerical results of the high‐speed small‐signal cross‐gain modulation (XGM) and crosstalk of quantum‐dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) operating at 1.3 μm. The measured small‐signal XGM responses at various injection currents show that they can be enhanced by injecting more carriers to the QD carrier reservoir. The calculated results of gain saturation in QD SOAs, based on multiple couple‐rate equations, demonstrates that the enhanced XGM responses at high injection current is due to the transition of the main XGM mechanism from slow total carrier density depletion to ultrafast spectra hole burning. The calculated small‐signal crosstalk becomes larger at high injection current, which is similar to the high‐speed XGM responses. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox®: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: Stanislavov R. , Nikolova V. , Rohdewald P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn a randomly allocated, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over design, 50 infertile patients were treated for 1 month with placebo or a combination of l‐arginine aspartate and Pycnogenol® (Prelox®). Semen samples were examined at 4 week intervals according to WHO criteria. Treatment with Prelox increased significantly the semen volume, concentration of spermatozoa, percentage of motile spermatozoa and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology compared with placebo. The placebo had no influence on the parameters of seminological analysis. Intake of Pycnogenol for 1 month improved the fertility index to normal values. After treatment, the fertility index decreased again to infertile status. No unwanted effects were reported. Prelox seems to be a promising alternative to treat patients with mild infertility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doubly robust generalized estimating equations for longitudinal data
Authors: Seaman Shaun , Copas Andrew 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA popular method for analysing repeated‐measures data is generalized estimating equations (GEE). When response data are missing at random (MAR), two modifications of GEE use inverse‐probability weighting and imputation. The weighted GEE (WGEE) method involves weighting observations by their inverse probability of being observed, according to some assumed missingness model. Imputation methods involve filling in missing observations with values predicted by an assumed imputation model. WGEE are consistent when the data are MAR and the dropout model is correctly specified. Imputation methods are consistent when the data are MAR and the imputation model is correctly specified.Recently, doubly robust (DR) methods have been developed. These involve both a model for probability of missingness and an imputation model for the expectation of each missing observation, and are consistent when either is correct. We describe DR GEE, and illustrate their use on simulated data. We also analyse the INITIO randomized clinical trial of HIV therapy allowing for MAR dropout. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confidence interval construction for a difference between two dependent intraclass correlation coefficients
Authors: Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie F. , Donner Allan , Zou G. Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInferences for the difference between two dependent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) may arise in studies in which a sample of subjects are each assessed several times with a new device and a standard. The ICC estimates for the two devices may then be compared using a test of significance. However, a confidence interval for a difference between two ICCs is more informative since it combines point estimation and hypothesis testing into a single inference statement. We propose a procedure that uses confidence limits for a single ICC to recover variance estimates needed to set confidence limits for the difference. An advantage of this approach is that it provides a confidence interval that reflects the underlying sampling distribution. Simulation results show that this method performs very well in terms of overall coverage percentage and tail errors. Two data sets are used to illustrate this procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.