bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health outcomes of children fathered by patients treated with radioiodine for thyroid cancer
Authors: Garsi Jérôme‐Philippe , Schlumberger Martin , Ricard Marcel , Labbé Martine , Ceccarelli Claudia , Schvartz Claire , Henry‐Amar Michel , Bardet Stéphane , Rubino Carole , De Vathaire Florent 
Published: February 2009

SummaryContext and objectives  Radiation is known to be mutagenic. The present study analyses birth outcomes and the health of offspring from men previously exposed to 131I treatment for thyroid carcinoma.Methods  Data on 493 pregnancies (356 from 173 untreated fathers, 23 from 17 patients who have undergone surgery alone and 114 from 63 fathers who received 131I) were obtained by interviewing male patients treated for thyroid carcinoma who had not received significant external radiation to the testes. Among these pregnancies, 73 were conceived from fathers who had received more than 370 MBq.Results  The mean activity for the 114 pregnancies fathered by 63 patients was 3993 MBq leading to an estimated radiation dose of 9·2 cGy to the testes (MIRD committee coefficient). No significant differences between untreated and treated fathers were found for any adverse outcome.Conclusion  There was no evidence that exposure to radioiodine affects the outcome of subsequent pregnancies and offspring, whatever the event considered. As our study is underpowered, the question of whether testicular irradiation, fractionated or not, is linked to impaired fertility or consequences on offspring remains to be established.
Effects of small‐scale grassland fragmentation and frequent mowing on population density and species diversity of orthopterans: a long‐term study
Authors: BRASCHLER BRIGITTE , MARINI LORENZO , THOMMEN G. HEINRICH , BAUR BRUNO 
Published: February 2009

Abstract 1. Habitat fragmentation is considered one of the major threats to invertebrate diversity in semi‐natural grassland. However, the effects of habitat fragmentation through mowing on the rich insect fauna of these grasslands have not been sufficiently investigated and experiments are especially rare.2. We studied the impact of small‐scale grassland fragmentation on orthopterans over 7 years in an experiment which allowed us to additionally investigate the effect of frequent mowing on Orthoptera communities.3. Overall, Orthoptera density and species richness increased over time. This was likely a result of increased small‐scale habitat heterogeneity and the provision of a short‐turf habitat suitable for xerophilous species. The fragmentation affected orthopteran density and species composition but not species richness whose response lagged behind the changes in abundance.4. Responses differed between suborders. Ensifera density was higher in fragment than in control plots. Caelifera density did not differ between fragment and control plots. The mown matrix was an unsuitable habitat for most of the species, particularly within the Ensifera.5. Our experiment shows that even small‐scale fragmentation can affect Orthopteran communities and that the effects became more pronounced over time. As the mown matrix was unsuitable for many Ensifera species, they may go locally extinct when large areas are mown simultaneously.
Influence of presence and spatial arrangement of belowground insects on host‐plant selection of aboveground insects: a field study
Authors: SOLER ROXINA , SCHAPER SONJA V. , BEZEMER T. MARTIJN , CORTESERO ANNE M. , HOFFMEISTER THOMAS S. , VAN DER PUTTEN WIM H. , VET LOUISE E. M. , HARVEY JEFFREY A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract1. Several studies have shown that above‐ and belowground insects can interact by influencing each others growth, development, and survival when they feed on the same host‐plant. In natural systems, however, insects can make choices on which plants to oviposit and feed. A field experiment was carried out to determine if root‐feeding insects can influence feeding and oviposition preferences and decisions of naturally colonising foliar‐feeding insects.2. Using the wild cruciferous plantBrassica nigraand larvae of the cabbage root flyDelia radicumas the belowground root‐feeding insect, naturally colonising populations of foliar‐feeding insects were monitored over the course of a summer season.3. Groups of root‐infested and root‐uninfestedB. nigraplants were placed in a meadow during June, July, and August of 2006 for periods of 3 days. The root‐infested and the root‐uninfested plants were either dispersed evenly or placed in clusters. Once daily, all leaves of each plant were carefully inspected and insects were removed and collected for identification.4. The flea beetlesPhyllotretaspp. and the aphidBrevicoryne brassicaewere significantly more abundant on root‐uninfested (control) than on root‐infested plants. However, forB. brassicaethis was only apparent when the plants were placed in clusters. Host‐plant selection by the generalist aphidM. persicaeand oviposition preference by the specialist butterflyP. rapae, however, were not significantly influenced by root herbivory.5. The results of this study show that the presence of root‐feeding insects can affect feeding and oviposition preferences of foliar‐feeding insects, even under natural conditions where many other interactions occur simultaneously. The results suggest that root‐feeding insects play a role in the structuring of aboveground communities of insects, but these effects depend on the insect species as well as on the spatial distribution of the root‐feeding insects.
Early atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in mice with diet‐induced type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bartels E. D. , Bang C. A. , Nielsen L. B. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground  Obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of atherosclerosis. It is unknown to what extent this reflects direct effects on the arterial wall or secondary effects of hyperlipidaemia.Materials and methods  The effect of obesity and type 2 diabetes on the development of atherosclerosis and inflammation, in the absence or presence of hyperlipidaemia, was assed in wild‐type (n = 36) and human apolipoprotein B (apoB) transgenic mice (n = 27) that were fed normal chow or 60% fat for 12 months.Results  Fat‐feeding caused obesity, glucose intolerance and elevated plasma leptin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1) in both wild‐type and apoB transgenic mice. In wild‐type mice, plasma very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were unaffected by fat‐feeding. ApoB transgenic mice had mildly elevated plasma LDL‐C (~1 mmol L−1), which was slightly increased by fat‐feeding. Sixty‐four per cent of fat‐fed wild‐type mice vs. 7% of chow‐fed wild‐type mice had lipid‐staining intimal lesions in the aortic root (P = 0·002). Eighty‐six per cent of fat‐fed apoB transgenic mice had lipid‐staining lesions and the median lesion area was 8·0 times higher than in fat‐fed wild‐type mice (P = 0·001). Intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 staining of the aortic endothelium was most pronounced in the fat‐fed apoB transgenic mice.Conclusions  Our findings suggest that diet‐induced type 2 diabetes causes early atherosclerosis in the absence of dyslipidaemia, and that even a moderate level of LDL‐C markedly augments this effect.
Long‐term clopidogrel administration following severe coronary injury reduces proliferation and inflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor‐kappaB and activator protein 1 activation in pigs
Authors: Pels K. , Schwimmbeck P. L. , Rosenthal P. , Loddenkemper C. , Dang‐Heine C. , Rauch U. , Martens H. , Schultheiss H.‐P. , Dechend R. , Deiner C. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground  The optimal duration of clopidogrel treatment following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the patient population that would benefit most are still unknown. In a porcine coronary injury model, we tested two different durations of clopidogrel treatment on severely or moderately injured arteries and examined the arterial response to injury. To understand the molecular mechanism, we also investigated the effects on transcription factors nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) and activator protein 1 (AP‐1).Materials and methods  In 24 cross‐bred pigs, one coronary artery was only moderately injured by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and one coronary artery was severely injured by PTCA and subsequent beta‐irradiation (Brachy group). Animals received 325 mg aspirin daily for 3 months and 75 mg clopidogrel daily for either 28 days [short‐term (ST) clopidogrel group] or 3 months [long‐term (LT) clopidogrel group].Results  After 3 months, the number of proliferating cells per cross‐section differed significantly between ST and LT in both injury groups (PTCAST 90·2 ± 10·3 vs. PTCALT 19·2 ± 4·7, P < 0·05; BrachyST 35·8 ± 8·4 vs. BrachyLT 7·5 ± 2·0, P < 0·05). Similar results were seen for inflammatory cells (CD3+ cells): PTCAST 23·5 ± 3·55 vs. PTCALT 4·67 ± 0·92, P < 0·05; BrachyST 83·17 ± 11·17 vs. BrachyLT 20 ± 4·82, P < 0·05). Long‐term administration also reduced the activity of NF‐κB and AP‐1 by 62–64% and 42–58%, respectively. However, the effects of different durations of clopidogrel administration on artery dimensions were not statistically significant.Conclusions  Regarding inflammation and transcription factor activity at the PCI site, long‐term clopidogrel administration is superior to short‐term administration, especially in severely injured arteries. Transferring our results to the human situation, patients with more severely diseased arteries may benefit from a prolonged clopidogrel medication after PCI.
Serum paraoxonase‐I activity is unaffected by short‐term administration of simvastatin, bezafibrate, and their combination in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dullaart R. P. F. , De Vries R. , Voorbij H. A. M. , Sluiter W. J. , Van Tol A. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground  The high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory enzyme, paraoxonase‐I, has been found previously to be lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied whether statin and fibrate treatment, alone and in combination, affect serum paraoxonase‐I activity in conjunction with changes in HDL cholesterol in diabetic patients.Subjects and methods  A placebo‐controlled crossover study was carried out in 14 type 2 diabetic patients to test the effect of 8 weeks of active treatment with simvastatin (40 mg daily), bezafibrate (400 mg daily), and their combination on serum paraoxonase‐I activity, measured as its activity towards arylesterase and paraoxon. Serum paraoxonase‐I activity was also compared between these diabetic patients and 49 non‐diabetic control subjects.Results  Serum arylesterase activity was lower in type 2 diabetic patients compared to control subjects (P < 0·001), but the difference in paraoxonase activity was not significant (P = 0·22). Neither arylesterase (P = 0·24) nor paraoxonase activity (P = 0·37) was increased in response to treatment, despite higher HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A‐I during combination therapy (P < 0·05 for both).Conclusion  Short‐term administration of simvastatin and bezafibrate, even when combined, is ineffective in raising serum paraoxonase‐I activity in type 2 diabetes.
Relationships between environmental variables and groundwater biodiversity at the regional scale
Authors: DOLE‐OLIVIER MARIE‐JOSÉ , MALARD FLORIAN , MARTIN DOMINIQUE , LEFÉBURE TRISTAN , GIBERT JANINE 
Published: February 2009

Summary1. Relationships between the assemblage structure of stygobionts (i.e. obligate groundwater species) and habitat conditions in aquifers were explored in the French Jura based on 16 environmental variables and presence/absence data on stygobiotic species. The two data sets were simultaneously collected at a total of 269 sites.2. The study aimed to (i) identify the environmental factors determining the composition of stygobiotic assemblages at the regional scale; (ii) define the ecological preferences of the collected stygobiotic species along environmental gradients; and (iii) describe species assemblages occurring in similar habitats. These aims were pursued with a view to refine approaches to groundwater biodiversity assessment and sampling strategies.3. A large number of stygobionts (62 species) were collected using a stratified sampling design. The measured environmental variables explained 72% of the overall variability in stygobiotic assemblage structure. Determining factors were primarily geology (pore size) and dissolved oxygen concentration, and secondarily altitude and distance of sampling sites from areas glaciated during the Pleistocene. Water chemistry and land‐cover variables had little influence on the composition of stygobiotic assemblages.4. Ecological preferences of stygobiotic species were bounded along environmental gradients using Outlying Mean Index (OMI) analysis. Apart from rare species (frequency < 0.01), most stygobionts had a tolerance index >1, but residual tolerance observed in the most widespread species indicates sensitivity to other variables than those studied.5. Biodiversity hotspots mainly occurred in highly permeable geological formations such as karst and coarse alluvial environments with well oxygenated water situated between 200 and 500 m altitude. More intensive sampling of high‐altitude sites is unlikely to yield additional species, but rare species may be found at low and mid altitudes and at sites far from the Würm glaciers.
Zebra mussels mediate benthic–pelagic coupling by biodeposition and changing detrital stoichiometry
Authors: GERGS RENÉ , RINKE KARSTEN , ROTHHAUPT KARL‐OTTO 
Published: February 2009

Summary1. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is one of the most successful invasive species; it has colonised many aquatic systems in Europe and North America with strong impacts on various ecosystem processes. The effect of D. polymorpha filtration on pelagic seston concentrations has been quantified in several studies, but the magnitude and stoichiometry of the transfer of sestonic biomass into benthic detritus by D. polymorpha and the accompanying enrichment of the benthic habitat is still under‐investigated.2. We studied biodeposition by zebra mussels in two series of laboratory experiments with the food algae Cryptomonas erosa and Scenedesmus obliquus. We also measured the year‐round biodeposition rate under natural conditions in the oligotrophic Lake Constance.3. In all experiments, zebra mussel biodeposition was linearly related to seston concentration. In the field, the relationship changed with a seasonal shift in algal composition and lower biodeposition rates during the spring algal bloom.4. For both algal species in laboratory experiments, biodeposited material was depleted in phosphorous at an algal concentration ≤0.6 mg ash‐free dry mass L−1, but not at higher concentrations. This effect was not observed in the field, probably because of high variation in C : N : P stoichiometry.5. By mediating the transfer of pelagic resources into the benthos zebra mussels provide a sufficient amount of detritus for benthic invertebrates, especially during summer. Thus, material biodeposited by the mussels might increase benthic secondary production from pelagic resources, and zebra mussels are important mediators of this flux of organic matter from the pelagic zone into the benthos.
The importance of light quality in crop–weed competition
Authors: LIU J G , MAHONEY K J , SIKKEMA P H , SWANTON C J 
Published: February 2009

LiuJG, MahoneyKJ, SikkemaPH & SwantonCJ (2009). The importance of light quality in crop–weed competition.Weed Research49, 217–224.SummaryPlant competition is thought to be driven by limiting resources. We propose that plant competition is triggered initially by the red to far‐red light ratio (R:FR) originating from neighbouring plants, followed by a series of complex physiological processes, which exclude direct resource competition. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in which maize (Zea mays) was grown hydroponically. The effect of R:FR signal being reflected from the leaf surface ofAmaranthus retroflexuswas isolated by avoiding direct competition for light, water and nutrients. Results showed that the low R:FR reflected from the leaf surface ofA. retroflexusdid alter the carbon allocation pattern of maize when compared with maize growing free of weeds. Prior to silking, maize grown under low R:FR experienced temporal changes in plant height, persistent changes throughout the sampling period in root and shoot dry weights and rate of leaf appearance, but no changes in leaf area. At silking, low R:FR reduced ear and total plant dry weight. These results support the hypothesis that changes in R:FR acts as an early signal of pending competition by initiating a shade avoidance response. Data from this experiment suggest that once a plant is physiologically triggered into a shade avoidance response, these plants do so at a physiological cost, which may constrain plant development and possibly reduce reproductive fitness.
Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS): fact or fantasy?
Authors: Bardana E. J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMost evidence suggests that RADS is a distinct syndrome and not simply an exacerbation of pre‐existing hyperresponsiveness. There is no doubt that much remains to be explained regarding pathogenesis. On the other hand, I urge caution about the claims of “low‐level RADS” (15). Here the data are much more anecdotal and leave much to be desired.
Therapeutic perspectives in food allergy
Authors: Bellanti J. A. , Wallerstedt D. B. , MacDowell‐Carneiro A. L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe therapeutic perspectives in food allergy are thus based upon known principlesand mechanisms of tissue injury mediated by immunologic reactions. A thorough knowledge of these, together with new approaches to the identification, elimination, and modification of these reactions, is essential in the management of the patient with food allergy.
Late‐onset graft‐versus‐host disease after pediatric living‐related liver transplantation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Yuksekkaya Hasan Ali , Arikan Cigdem , Tumgor Gokhan , Aksoylar Serap , Kilic Murat , Aydogdu Sema 
Published: February 2009

Yuksekkaya HA, Arikan C, Tumgor G, Aksoylar S, Kilic M, Aydogdu S. Late‐onset graft‐versus‐host disease after pediatric living‐related liver transplantation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E105–E109. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  GVHD is the most common and well‐known cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic BM transplantation. The GVHD following OLT is an uncommon complication but has a high mortality and poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We herein discussed a 12‐month‐old girl with multi‐system LCH, who developed end‐stage liver disease despite intensive chemotherapy. She underwent ABO‐compatible liver transplantation at 28 months while in remission from LCH. The donor was her 26‐yr‐old father. Post‐operative course was uneventful. The GVHD manifested with skin rash and BM supression on post‐transplant day 94 and confirmed by both microchimerism and skin biopsy. Prednisolone, basiliximab, and ATG were administered immediately but the bone marow suppression was not improved and the patient died because of Candida sepsis at six‐month post‐transplant. GVHD after OLT should be keep in mind in patients with rash and BM suppression after liver transplantation. In LDLT, a patient who carries risk factors should investigated for optimal HLA matching.
Relationship between psychosocial adjustment and executive function in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in remission: the mediating and moderating effects of insight
Authors: Yen Cheng‐Fang , Cheng Chung‐Ping , Huang Chi‐Fen , Ko Chih‐Hung , Yen Ju‐Yu , Chang Yu‐Ping , Chen Cheng‐Sheng 
Published: February 2009

Objectives:  The aims of this study were to examine the relationships between executive function and psychosocial adjustment, and the mediating and moderating effects of insight on the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in clinical remission.Methods:  The level of psychosocial adjustment was assessed in 96 subjects with bipolar disorder and 96 subjects with schizophrenia who were in remitted state. The association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment and the mediating and moderating effects of insight were examined by multiple regression analysis models and the Goodman test.Results:  The results indicated that executive function had direct effect on psychosocial adjustment in both subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, the mediating effect of insight on the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment was only found in subjects with schizophrenia, but not in subjects with bipolar disorder. No moderating effect of insight on the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment was found in subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.Conclusions:  The results of this study indicated that executive function has an important role in psychosocial adjustment in both patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Meanwhile, insight has a different role in the association between executive function and psychosocial adjustment between patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Age at onset of bipolar disorder and risk for comorbid borderline personality disorder
Authors: Goldberg Joseph F , Garno Jessica L 
Published: February 2009

Objectives:  The relationship between bipolar disorder and cluster B personality disorders remains phenomenologically complex and controversial. We sought to examine the relationship between early age at onset of bipolar disorder and development of comorbid borderline personality disorder.Methods:  A total of 100 adults in an academic specialty clinic for bipolar disorder underwent structured diagnostic interviews and clinical assessments to determine lifetime presence of comorbid borderline personality disorder, histories of childhood trauma, and clinical illness characteristics.Results:  Logistic regression indicated that increasing age at onset of bipolar disorder was associated with a lower probability of developing comorbid borderline personality disorder (odds ratio = 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.99) while controlling for potential confounding factors, including a history of severe child trauma/abuse.Conclusion:  Early onset of bipolar disorder increases the probability of developing comorbid borderline personality disorder, independent of the effects of severe childhood trauma/abuse. In patients with borderline personality disorder, prospective studies of new‐onset bipolar disorder may underestimate the prevalence of true comorbidity unless they capture the primary risk window for first‐episode mania arising before the end of adolescence.