bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk‐Borne Insulin With Trypsin Inhibitor in Milk Induces Pancreatic Amylase Development at the Onset of Weaning in Rats
Authors: Kinouchi Toshi , Koizumi Kyoko , Kuwata Tamotsu , Yajima Takaji 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe physiologic significance of milk‐borne hormones and growth factors for internal organs of suckling animals is poorly understood. In this study the significance of milk‐borne insulin was evaluated, as well as its combination with trypsin inhibitor, and its role in the development of pancreatic digestive capacity at the time of weaning was investigated.MethodsExperiments were performed using insulin‐deficient milk formula (standard formula), insulin (20 ng/ml) formula, or insulin with trypsin inhibitor (1 U/ml) formula by a rat artificial‐rearing technique.ResultsIn 17‐day‐old rats administered standard formula, the plasma insulin level was as low as that in 14‐day‐old rats. When insulin‐trypsin inhibitor formula was administered to rat pups, the plasma insulin level was significantly higher than those in rats given standard or insulin formula. In rats artificially reared on standard formula, the usual developmental increases in pancreatic amylase activity and plasma insulin concentration at the beginning of weaning did not occur. Insulin formula elevated the pups' plasma insulin concentration and amylase activity at the onset of weaning but not to the levels observed in mother‐reared rats. In rats reared on insulin‐trypsin inhibitor formula, the developmental increases in the plasma insulin concentration and amylase activity observed in mother‐reared rats were induced.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the necessity of milk‐borne insulin for the development of pancreatic amylase during the weaning period.
Effect of Type of Early Infant Feeding on Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipid Classes in Full‐Term Infants During the Second 6 Months of Life
Authors: Decsi Tamás , Kelemen Barbara , Minda Hajnalka , Burus István , Kohn Gerhard 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreviously, the authors found significantly higher arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid values in plasma lipids in 2‐month‐old full‐term infants fed human milk than in those receiving formula. This is the report of data obtained in full‐term infants during the second half of the first year of life.MethodsHealthy, full‐term infants fed human milk (n = 12) or formula without preformed long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n = 12) were investigated. Fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes was determined by high‐resolution capillary gas–liquid chromatography.ResultsLinoleic acid acid values in plasma phospholipids (18.5 [3.94] vs. 20.79 [4.34]) and γ‐linolenic acid values in plasma cholesteryl esters (0.17 [0.09] vs. 0.27 [0.20]) and triacylglycerols (0.27 [0.18] vs. 0.46 [0.27]) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in breast‐fed infants than in those receiving formula. Data are percentage weight by weight shown as median (range from 1st to 3rd quartile) for breast‐fed vs. formula fed infants, respectively. In contrast, arachidonic acid values in plasma phospholipids (10.05 [2.90] vs. 7.03 [1.87];P < 0.01), cholesteryl esters (7.54 [3.58] vs. 4.09 [1.81];P < 0.05), and triacylglycerols (1.28 [0.84] vs. 0.80 [0.39];P < 0.05), as well as docosahexaenoic acid values in plasma phospholipids (1.92 [0.36] vs. 1.02 [0.31];P < 0.001), cholesteryl esters (0.39 [0.13] vs. 0.15 [0.13];P < 0.001), and triacylglycerols (0.17 [0.17] vs. 0.09 [0.04];P < 0.01) were significantly higher in infants fed human milk than in those receiving formula.ConclusionHealthy, full‐term infants fed formula without preformed dietary long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are unable to match the arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid status of breast‐fed infants even during the second half of the first year of life.
Deep Learning Radiomic Analysis of MRI Combined with Clinical Characteristics Diagnoses Placenta Accreta Spectrum and its Subtypes
Authors: Zheng Changye , Zhong Jian , Wang Ya , Cao Kangyang , Zhang Chang , Yue Peiyan , Xu Xiaoyang , Yang Yang , Liu Qinghua , Zou Yujian , Huang Bingsheng 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDifferent placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) subtypes pose varying surgical risks to the parturient. Machine learning model has the potential to diagnose PAS disorder.PurposeTo develop a cascaded deep semantic‐radiomic‐clinical (DRC) model for diagnosing PAS and its subtypes based on T2‐weighted MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.Population361 pregnant women (mean age: 33.10 ± 4.37 years), suspected of PAS, divided into segment training cohort (N = 40), internal training cohort (N = 139), internal testing cohort (N = 60), and external testing cohort (N = 122).Field Strength/SequenceCoronal T2‐weighted sequence at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.AssessmentClinical characteristics such as history of uterine surgery and the presence of placenta previa, complete placenta previa and dangerous placenta previa were extracted from clinical records. The DRC model (incorporating radiomics, deep semantic features, and clinical characteristics), a cumulative radiological score method performed by radiologists, and other models (including a radiomics and clinical, the clinical, radiomics and deep learning models) were developed for PAS disorder diagnosing (existence of PAS and its subtypes).Statistical TestsAUC, ACC, Student's t‐test, the Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐squared test, dice coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficients, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, decision curve analysis, DeLong test, and McNemar test. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.ResultsIn PAS diagnosis, the DRC‐1 outperformed than other models (AUC = 0.850 and 0.841 in internal and external testing cohorts, respectively). In PAS subtype classification (abnormal adherent placenta and abnormal invasive placenta), DRC‐2 model performed similarly with radiologists (P = 0.773 and 0.579 in the internal testing cohort and P = 0.429 and 0.874 in the external testing cohort, respectively).Data ConclusionThe DRC model offers efficiency and high diagnostic sensitivity in diagnosis, aiding in surgical planning.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Stimulation of small phytoplankton drives enhanced sinking particle formation in a subtropical ocean eddy
Authors: Liu Haoran , Browning Thomas J. , Laws Edward A. , Huang Yibin , Wang Lei , Shang Yiwei , Xing Xiaogang , Zhou Kuanbo , Jiang Zong‐Pei , Liu Xin , Huang Bangqin , Dai Minhan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNutrient transfer into the sunlit surface ocean by cyclonic eddies is potentially crucial for sustaining primary productivity in the stratified subtropical gyres. However, the nature of productivity enhancements, including the flow of matter to higher trophic levels and its impact on carbon fluxes, remain poorly resolved. Here, we report a detailed assessment of the biogeochemical response to a cyclonic eddy in the subtropical Northwest Pacific via a combination of ship‐based and autonomous platforms. Primary production was enhanced twofold within the eddy core relative to reference sites outside, whereas phytoplankton biomass even decreased. Pico‐phytoplankton (< 2 μm) dominated (> 80%) both phytoplankton biomass and primary production inside and outside the eddy. The stimulated primary production in the eddy core was accompanied by an approximately twofold increase in mesozooplankton abundance, an approximately threefold increase in particle formation in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer, as well as significantly enhanced surface oceanic CO2 uptake and net community production. We suggest these observations carry important implications for understanding carbon export in the subtropical ocean and highlight the need to include such subtropical eddy features in ocean carbon budget analyses.
Influence of zinc (Zn) powder on the microhardness characteristic and microstructure properties of stainless steel SS304 hybrid joint using low power microwave heating
Authors: Tayier W. , Janasekaran S. , Tai V. C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrowave hybrid heating (MHH) process is a unique and novel approach of joint materials. Several lightweight materials (medium and high melting point) such as nickel, copper and aluminum have been successfully joined in the past research. However, small dimensions and low melting point of light weight materials such as zinc (Zn) metal or zinc (Zn) powder were always being a challenging mere for creating bond via any joining techniques. The sheets of stainless steel SS304 (17 mm×7.9 mm×0.2 mm) have been fabricated and joined at lap joint by using novel Microwave hybrid heating technique with mini heat chamber of 2.45 GHz of frequency and 200 W–360 W of microwave power, using pure zinc powder (99.9 %) as an interface material. Epoxy rate and exposure time have been varied from 10 % to 20 % and 2 min to 4 min, respectively. A developed heat chamber has been set in domestic microwave oven properly as proposed. To evaluate the microstructure correlation and microhardness at joint interface, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM – EDS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers hardness were used. For the experimental studies, it had found an excellent bonding was produced at interface layer between the upper and lower sections with good penetration rate of 360 W of microwave power, 4 min of exposure time and 20 % of epoxy rate as the 183.1 HV 0.05 of excellent microhardness and the intermetallic phase of iron‐zinc (FeZn11), nickel‐zinc (NiZn) and nickel‐zinc (NiZn3) were observed at interface layer.
Low‐velocity impact response of 3D carbon fiber reinforced polymer auxetic lattice structures
Authors: Zhang Minglonghai , Li Keda , Ho Mabel Mei Po , Etemadi Ehsan , Hu Hong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, low‐velocity impact properties and impact damage responses of a novel type of 3D hybrid auxetic structures made from carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates were investigated experimentally and numerically. The structures were first fabricated with three different rib's width ratios t1/t0, and then impacted with three different impact energies of 30, 40, and 50 J using a drop tower impact system equipped with a cylindrical impactor. The finite element (FE) models were built in ABAQUS/Explicit, and the Hashin criteria were applied to predict the failure of the structures. The contact force histories, energy histories, displacements, and failure modes were compared between the experiment and FE simulation at all three impact energy levels. The failure morphologies and mechanisms were obtained and studied. The impact testing results suggest that the 3D auxetic structure with a higher t1/t0 ratio can lead to higher peak contact force and sustain higher impact energy. The failure of the structure starts from the middle area and propagates to the upper and lower areas. This research provides a better understanding of the impact responses and failure modes of the 3D auxetic lattice structure, which can promote the potential applications of the auxetic materials.Highlights
Drop weight low‐velocity impact responses of 3D novel hybrid auxetic lattice structures are investigated through both experiment and finite element simulation.
The effects of structural parameters on the impact performance of the 3D auxetic structures at different impact energy levels are analyzed.
The failure morphologies and mechanisms of the 3D auxetic structures are studied.
Gradual error detection technique for non-destructive assessment of density and tensile strength in fused filament fabrication processes
Authors: Raths Max , Bauer Lukas , Kuettner Andreas , Fischer Samuel , Laumer Tobias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) is a widely used additive manufacturing process for producing functional components and prototypes. The FFF process involves depositing melted material layer-by-layer to build up 3D physical parts. The quality of the final product depends on several factors, including the component density and tensile strength, which are typically determined through destructive testing methods. X-ray microtomography (XCT) can be used to investigate the pore sizes and distribution. These approaches are time-consuming, costly, and wasteful, making it unsuitable for high-volume manufacturing. In this paper, a new method for non-destructive determination of component density and estimation of the tensile strength in FFF processes is proposed. This method involves the use of gradual error detection by sensors and convolutional neural networks. To validate this approach, a series of experiments has been conducted. Component density and tensile strength of the printed specimens with varying extrusion factor were measured using traditional destructive testing methods and XCT. The cumulative error detection method was used to predict the same properties without destroying the specimens. The predicted values were then compared with the measured values, and it was observed that the method accurately predicted the component density and tensile strength of the tested parts. This approach has several advantages over traditional destructive testing methods. The method is faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly since it does not require the destruction of the product. Moreover, it facilitates the testing of each individual part instead of assuming the same properties for components from one series. Additionally, it can provide real-time feedback on the quality of the product during the manufacturing process, allowing for adjustments to be made as needed. The advancement of this approach points toward a future trend in non-destructive testing methodologies, potentially revolutionizing quality assurance processes not only for consumer goods but various industries such as electronics or automotive industry. Moreover, its broader applications extend beyond FFF to encompass other additive manufacturing techniques such as selective laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM). A comparison between the old destructive testing methods and this innovative non-destructive approach underscores the possible fundamental change toward more efficient and sustainable manufacturing practices. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the time and cost associated with traditional destructive testing methods while ensuring the quality of FFF-manufactured products.
Only bioactive forms of PTH (n-oxPTH and Met18(ox)-PTH) inhibit synthesis of sclerostin – evidence from in vitro and human studies
Authors: Li Mei , Hasan Ahmed A. , Chu Chang , Hocher Johann-Georg , Liu Yvonne , Zhang Xiaoli , Chen Xin , Yard Benito , Krämer Bernhard K. , Hocher Berthold 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSclerostin (SOST) is produced by osteocytes and is known as a negative regulator of bone homeostasis. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium, phosphate as well as vitamin D metabolism, and is a strong inhibitor of SOST synthesis in vitro and in vivo. PTH has two methionine amino acids (positions 8 and 18) which can be oxidized. PTH oxidized at Met18 (Met18(ox)-PTH) continues to be bioactive, whereas PTH oxidized at Met8 (Met8(ox)-PTH) or PTH oxidized at Met8 and Met18 (Met8, Met18(di-ox)-PTH) has minor bioactivity. How non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) and oxidized forms of PTH act on sclerostin synthesis is unknown. The effects of n-oxPTH and oxidized forms of PTH on SOST gene expression were evaluated in UMR106 osteoblast-like cells. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship of SOST with n-oxPTH and all forms of oxPTH in 516 stable kidney transplant recipients using an assay system that can distinguish in clinical samples between n-oxPTH and the sum of all oxidized PTH forms (Met8(ox)-PTH, Met18(ox)-PTH, and Met8, Met18(di-ox)-PTH). We found that both n-oxPTH and Met18(ox)-PTH at doses of 1, 3, 20, and 30 nmol/L significantly inhibit SOST gene expression in vitro, whereas Met8(ox)-PTH and Met8, Met18(di-ox)-PTH only have a weak inhibitory effect on SOST gene expression. In the clinical cohort, multivariate linear regression showed that only n-oxPTH, but not intact PTH (iPTH) nor oxPTH, is independently associated with circulating SOST after adjusting for known confounding factors. In conclusion, only bioactive PTH forms such as n-oxPTH and Met18(ox)-PTH, inhibit SOST synthesis.
Regression model based properties prediction of A356 aluminum alloy rheocast using cooling slope technique
Authors: Ranjan Rishitosh , Surekha B. , Ghose Prakash , Mishra Prakash Chandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current research work involves experimental research of the Al-alloy rheocasting with enhanced microstructural and mechanical characteristics after using the Semi-Solid Metal (SSM) processing method, which is the cooling slope method. The studies here were carried out online with Central Composite Design (CCD) in order to create a non-linear regression model to represent the fabrication of A356 casting considering the Cooling Slope (CS) Technique. During the rheocasting, the angle as well as the length of the slope, along with nozzle height were taken as the input process parameters, whereas the microhardness, grain size, and sphericity of the sample were treated as the responses. The variation of such responses across the cross-section of the casting was measured at three different locations such as the center, mean, and outer radii. The non-linear regression techniques applied to the A356 sample were manufactured under two circumstances, such as ‘with’ and ‘without’ isothermal treatment. The regression models thus developed were validated by incorporating Analysis of the Variance (ANOVA). Further, the correctness of the regression representations was verified through ten experimental test samples. The percentage deviation of experimental outcomes from the model-predicted outputs was minimal. The developed mathematical models were representative of the physical process with reasonably good accuracy.
CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xusheng , Wahafu Wasilijiang , Shen Yijun , Fan Jinhai , Yao Xin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. It has the characteristics of high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. It is a malignant disease that threatens the safety of human life. The incidence rate has gradually increased in recent years. UC has the following characteristics: non-specific clinical symptoms, difficult preoperative qualitative diagnosis, unsatisfactory clinical treatment effect and poor prognosis. Therefore, a clear diagnosis plays a decisive role in the selection and formulation of surgical plans, and reasonable treatment is the key to improving the prognosis of patients and increasing their long-term survival rate. Based on the research evidence of diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment and the clinical experience of experts, the Cancer Nutrition Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association formulated the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma" for the reference of clinicians. It is hoped that this guideline can provide clinicians with the best and effective reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, so as to achieve the best therapeutic effect for patients with UC in our country.
A mixed-methods needs assessment for an antimicrobial stewardship curriculum in pediatrics
Authors: Constantinescu Cora , Conly John , Vayalumkal Joseph , Gilfoyle Elaine , Oguaju Chinelo , Kassam Aliya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) education initiatives for multidisciplinary teams are most successful when addressing psychosocial factors driving antimicrobial prescribing (AP) and when they address the needs of the team to allow for a tailored approach to their education.

Design:
We conducted a mixed-methods embedded study as a needs assessment, involving quantitative analysis of AS concerns observed by pharmacists through an audit while attending clinical team rounds, as well as qualitative semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) to identify psychosocial barriers and facilitators for antimicrobial prescribing for an inpatient general pediatric service. We analyzed the data using deductive and inductive methods by mapping the TDF to a model for social determinants of antimicrobial prescribing (SDAP) in pediatric inpatient health care teams.

Setting:
The Clinical Teaching Unit (CTU) and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Canada.

Participants:
Interviews (n = 23) with staff and resident physicians, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists.

Results:
Psychosocial facilitators and barriers for AS practice in the PICU and CTU which were identified included: collaboration, shared decision-making, locally accessible guidelines, and an overarching goal of doing right by the patient and feeling empowered as a prescriber. Some of the barriers identified included the norm of noninterference, professional comparisons, limited resources, feeling inadequately trained in AS, emotional prescribing, and a pejorative monitoring system.

Conclusions:
Our findings identified barriers and facilitators to AS decisions on pediatric inpatient teams as well as actionable needs in psychosocial-based AS education.
The making of the Philippines as a Neoliberal Nation-State: Dissecting the global-local nexus and their implications for social change
Authors: Lindio-McGovern Ligaya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe neoliberal globalization project of expanding and maintaining capitalism globally requires the shaping of neoliberal nation-states that will entrench its ideology, political structures, and practices. In that sense, the neoliberal nation-state provides an appropriate conceptual site for investigating the local-global nexus in the dynamics of global capitalism. Using the Philippines as an example, this paper investigates the various factors or dimensions in the making of the Philippines as a neoliberal nation-state from the colonial era to the supranational structures that exert external control on the Philippine political economy: the global power of transnational corporations, the IMF, American and Chinese imperialism, including the American military aid that supports militarization and counter-insurgency against movements that challenge the neoliberal agenda of the past and current regimes. In addition, this paper offers implications for policy changes and strategies for global resistance that anti-globalization movements can consider.
The role of the peer effect in forming pension expectations among the middle-aged: existence and mechanisms
Authors: Liu Zining , Lyu Youji , Yao Yi , Zheng Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing the instrumental variable approach on nationally representative, individual-level data on middle-aged pension participants in China, this study quantifies the peer effect in the context of forming pension expectations. The study confirms the existence of the peer effect in forming pension expectations in the community. The probability of having optimistic pension expectations significantly increases by 0.309 percentage points if the proportion of optimists in the community increases by 1 percentage point. Moreover, the study explores the channels through which the peer effect operates and finds that the social learning channel dominates the social norms channel. The study also provides empirical evidence that village and township leaders as well as those with old pension program experience are opinion leaders in their peer group. Lastly, we find peer effects in other pension decisions, e.g., contribution size, and the contribution size increases by the proportion of optimists in the community. The study provides policy implications on ways to improve willingness to contribute to pension programs.