bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure swing absorption of carbon dioxide in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solutions
Authors: Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna 
Published: May 2008

Pressure swing absorption of carbon dioxide in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solutions
The mass transfer rates during CO2 absorption and desorption from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solutions were measured at 293.15 K in a baffled agitated reactor with a flat gas-liquid interface. Based on the measured values of pressure changes, the desorption rate was determined and compared to the absorption rate at the same driving force. Two distinct mechanisms of desorption were observed. The transition from bubbling to the diffusive desorption is found to be a function of the supersaturation ratio, pressure and the stirring speed.
Epoxidation of 2-buten-1-ol over Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-48 titanium silicalite catalysts
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Ławro Ewelina , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: May 2008

Epoxidation of 2-buten-1-ol over Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-48 titanium silicalite catalysts
The results of the epoxidation of 2-buten-1-ol with 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide have been presented. As a solvent methanol was used. The process was carried out over the titanium silicalite catalysts: Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-48. The influence of temperature (20 - 120°C), the molar ratio of CRA/H2O2 (5:1 - 5:1), methanol concentration (5 - 90 wt%), catalyst concentration (0.1 - 5.0 wt%) and the reaction time (30 - 300 min) was investigated. The obtained results were used for the determination of optimum conditions of running the epoxidation process of 2-buten-1-ol.
The effect of Atpolan 80 EC on atrazine residues in the soil
Authors: Swarcewicz Maria , Skórska Elżbieta , Paździoch Waldemar 
Published: May 2008

The effect of Atpolan 80 EC on atrazine residues in the soil
The persistence of atrazine residues in soils may have an effect on the contamination of the ground water or surface water. Besides the active ingredients, pesticide formulations contain many other compounds called adjuvants. One of them is the Atpolan 80 EC which belongs to the group of oil mineral adjuvants used as tank-mix. The utilization of a fraction of paraffin oil 1113 is one of the examples of utilising waste as the component of Atpolan 80 EC in agriculture. When the Atpolan concentration comprised 1.25% (v/v), the atrazine degradation rate decreased in the sandy loam and muck soil. The half-life of atrazine increased over a period of 40 or 57 days, depending on the type of the soil. The least significant effect was caused by Atpolan concentration at 0.25 and 0.75%. This result points at the capability of limiting atrazine run-off and leaching down the soil profile. Each ingredient of the pesticide, besides having the overall ability to distribute between different phases, also demonstrates some single compound behaviour. This paper shows our current understanding of the factors that influence the adjuvant performance and their potentially complex interactions with the pesticide.
Production of suspension fertilizers as a potential way of managing industrial waste
Authors: Mikła Daniel , Hoffmann Krystyna , Hoffmann Józef 
Published: May 2008

Production of suspension fertilizers as a potential way of managing industrial waste
Research on the possibilities of utilizing several waste substances for the production of suspension fertilizers has been carried out. The substances were: sludge from the ALWERNIA S.A. Chemical Plant - a potential source of phosphorous (~20% by wt. P2O5) and waste sludge from the production of magnesium sulphates and nitrates in the Złotniki S.A. Chemical Plant - a substance aiding the stability of suspension and magnesite (a source of magnesium). The possibility of chemical activation of clayey minerals through ion exchange was investigated. Na2CO3 was used for this purpose. Fertilizer samples PK and NPK were found to be highly stable (syneresis < 25%). The NPK +3% MgO sample was found to have particularly good properties. The activation of the clayey materials by Na2CO3 resulted in an increase in the stability coefficient in the case of bentonite SN and clay TIK by 0.88964 and 0.516304, respectively.
Assessment of the use of municipal and industrial wastes in agriculture
Authors: Jasiewicz Czesława , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Baran Agnieszka 
Published: May 2008

Assessment of the use of municipal and industrial wastes in agriculture
Agricultural usability of urban and industrial wastes was investigated in 2004 - 2006 in a pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall. In the first year of the experiment maize was the test plant, oat grass in the second and oat in the third. The experimental design comprised 11 treatments differing with fertilizer and the kind of the supplied fertilizer components. The experiment used: mineral salts, farmyard manure, compost, municipal sewage sludge and industrial sewage sludge in two fertilizer doses. Metal concentrations in the test plants were diminishing in the following direction: oat grass < maize < oat. The lowest concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals were assessed in the plants fertilized with farmyard manure and compost (Zn, Cu). Among the tested plants the highest quantities of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd were removed with the yield of the oat grass, then maize and oat. The highest uptake of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb by plants was registered on a double dose of industrial sludge and Cd on a single dose of municipal sludge.
Catalysts for the utilization of methane from the coal mine ventilation air
Authors: Stasińska Beata , Machocki Andrzej 
Published: May 2008

Catalysts for the utilization of methane from the coal mine ventilation air
The paper indicates coal mines as the source of permanent emission of low-concentrated gases, which have increased the greenhouse effect. This paper proposes the catalytic oxidation of methane as the solution to the problem of methane utilization when its concentration in the air is insufficient for flame combustion. The studies which have been conducted for many years enabled finding the active oxide and metallic catalytic systems for the reaction of methane oxidation. For the utilization of gases with low-concentrated methane, using the low-temperature catalysts, especially palladium catalysts, seems to be economically well-justified. Depending on technological solutions it can be considered as the method for methane utilization or as an environmentally friendly way for the generation of electric and thermal energy.
Optimization of an active phase composition in the low-temperature nitric oxide reduction catalyst
Authors: Kułażyński Marek , Bratek Krystyna , Walendziewski Jerzy 
Published: May 2008

Optimization of an active phase composition in the low-temperature nitric oxide reduction catalyst
In the first research studies series a selection of the quantitative composition of catalyst active phase composition (iron, copper and manganese) deposited on mineral-carbon support was carried out. It was found on the basis of the selection studies series that the best results were attained when copper and manganese were used as catalyst components. The quantitative composition of the denitrogention catalyst was estimated using a statistical method of experiment planning and metals content changed in the range 0.5 - 1.5wt % for both metals. Catalyst activity in nitric oxide reduction by ammonia was determined in the dependence on an active phase composition in the temperature range 100 - 200°C, at GHSV (Gas Hour Space Velocity) 6 000 and 10 000 Nm3/m3h, NO concentration 400 ppm, NH3/NO ratio 1:1. A graphic presentation of the obtained results was made using the UNIPLOT program. The highest activity in nitric oxide reduction by ammonia presented copper - manganese catalysts prepared by the impregnation of mineral-carbon support with active metals salts solutions and calcination after each metal impregnation with copper (up to 1.5 wt %) and manganese (up to 1.5 wt %).
Biodegradability of the compounds introduced with microelement fertilizers into the environment
Authors: Borowiec Magdalena , Polańska Paulina , Hoffmann Józef 
Published: May 2008

Biodegradability of the compounds introduced with microelement fertilizers into the environment
The results of laboratory studies into the oxygen biodegradation of chelating substances in aqueous medium under kinetic and static test conditions with added glucose as an additional source of carbon, are presented. It has been found that S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (S,S-EDDS) and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) are more readily degradable than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), most commonly used in the production of microelement fertilizers. It has also been found that the presence of additional carbon sources accelerates biodegradation.
Biorefineries - from biofuels to the chemicalization of agricultural products
Authors: Kijeński Jacek 
Published: May 2008

Biorefineries - from biofuels to the chemicalization of agricultural products
The recent research into the viable economy in sustainable energy from renewable sources has prompted a review into the potentials of Polish-oriented raw material sources as a catalyst for technological advance, product diversification and consumer satisfaction. The elongation of the process chain in vegetable (rape seed, potato), alcohol additives and glycerin processing has been found to drastically improve energy balances for the short processing methods adopted presently and can make Poland self sustainable in the future.
Studies on solidification of wastes from metal coating
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Kamil , Marcinkowski Tadeusz 
Published: May 2008

Studies on solidification of wastes from metal coating
There are over 1000 electroplating workshops functioning in Poland; they are agglomerated in automotive industry, agricultural and construction machines industry, precision instruments industry, electronics, electrotechnics, etc.2. The chemical composition of wastes from galvanizing plants strictly depends on the technological processes as well as the methods of neutralization of industrial wastewaters. The wastes mentioned can be neutralized, among other possibilities, using cement, fly ashes or lime. The material that gains the widest applicability for treating a wide spectrum of hazardous wastes is Portland cement. Using cement enables an improvement of the physical (solidifying) and chemical characteristics of various kinds of wastes, that ensures a decrease in the mobility of contaminants (stabilization). The process using Portland cement (CEM I 32,5 R) was used towards galvanic sludges. The results presented in this article allow for the assesment of the applicability of mixture of cement with mortar sand, as well as the mixture of cement and flotation tailings for the stabilizing and solidifying galvanic sludge, containing mainly Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni. The presented study was also concentrated on the limitation in the transport of leached contaminants to the environment, the reduction of the solubility of hazardous contaminants, as well as a change in the physical structure of the waste - in other words, derivation of the product that could be mechanically durable during transport and storage.
Usability of high porosity ceramics for the separation of oily impurities
Authors: Perkowski Krzysztof , Sokołowski Janusz , Szafran Mikołaj 
Published: May 2008

Usability of high porosity ceramics for the separation of oily impurities
Organic impurities fallen to the ground water and to surface waters (rivers, lakes, seas and oceans) contribute to the degradation of the fauna and flora. Taking into account the public welfare, as the natural environment is, studies have been undertaken to develop a cheap and effective system for the purification of water from finely dispersed petroleum derivatives. The idea of the solution proposed consists in using a separator with high porosity ceramics of the pore size up to 100 ¨m, of high water permeability and ability to separate oily impurities of very tiny particle size. To improve the efficiency of the process the affinity of the filtering surface to organic particles was increased by the use of water-repellent media. The process of the separation of oily impurities was enhanced by means of ultrasounds of the 18 kHz frequency and various vibration energies.
The influence of the conditions and worktime on the waste vanadic catalyst amount
Authors: Grzesiak Piotr , Motała Rafał , Grobela Marcin , Trypuć Mieczysław , Mazurek Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

The influence of the conditions and worktime on the waste vanadic catalyst amount
This paper includes the research results of the vanadic catalyst study that was operated in PCC Rokita S.A. during a gaseous SO3 formation. The physical properties have been studied: mechanical strength, bulk density and grindability during the five-year cycle of the catalyst worktime. The studies presented underline the prediction of the amount of the formed vanadic waste material.
ToF-SIMS studies of the surface of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst used in the hydrodechlorination process
Authors: Grams Jacek , Góralski Jacek , Kleczewska Joanna , Szczepaniak Bożena , Paryjczak Tadeusz 
Published: May 2008

ToF-SIMS studies of the surface of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst used in the hydrodechlorination process
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used in order to obtain the information about the surface composition of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst and to estimate the changes in the concentration of particular components on its surface during the hydrodechlorination of CCl4. The results demonstrated that the hydrodechlorination process led to the increase in the concentration of chlorine and the drop in the amount of surface accessible palladium, while the quantity of Pd-Cl bounds did not change considerably. It suggested that the presence of ZrO2 protected the surface of the studied catalyst against the formation of PdCl2.
Waste release from meat processing
Authors: Wzorek Zbigniew , Konopka Michał , Cholewa Janusz , Klamecki Grzegorz , Bajcer Tomasz 
Published: May 2008

Waste release from meat processing
The aim of our work is model solution management of waste from meat industry, which would lead to zero waste production with the use of cleaner technology. The process will allow to obtain semi-finished products to be then reused for both meat industry and energy recovery. The model will include thermal utilization of meat, meat-bone and other meat industry waste. The ashes with strictly specified properties containing phosphorus components will be used as a potential raw material for the production of phosphoric acid and salts used in meat production. The new technology is going to be developed in one of the biggest meat factories in Poland - DUDA-BIS in Sosnowiec. The strategic aim of the factory is meat processing with zero waste. That would help to avoid problems with meat waste transport and the expensive utilization of waste to meat-bone meal. The reuse of suitably processed meat waste in meat production will permit to lower production costs. This model will satisfy the requirements of BATNEEC - Best Available Technology No Entailing Excessive Costs. This procedure is advantageous also because in the EU market there are 18 million tons of meat by-products1, 2 per year.
Regardless of how the utilization problems could be solved, suitably processed meat industry waste can be treated as a potential substitute for phosphoric raw materials. According to the forecast, 50% of phosphoric raw material deposits used at the moment will be exhausted in the next 60 - 70 years. As a result a necessity for a new source of the raw materials has arisen.
Oligomerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide in the presence of alkali metal halides
Authors: Meissner Egbert , Wróblewska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2008

Oligomerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide in the presence of alkali metal halides
Oligomers of hexafluoropropylene oxide are raw materials for the synthesis of compounds having unique properties such as high chemical and thermal resistance. Two basic parameters have influence on the process of hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization: the kind of the catalyst and the solvent. The temperature and pressure influence this process to a lesser extent. The influence of halide ions, the solvent and the temperature on the oligomerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide has been studied.
Research on the influence of parameters on hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization in the presence of complex amines
Authors: Meissner Egbert , Wróblewska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2008

Research on the influence of parameters on hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization in the presence of complex amines
Oligomers of hexafluoropropylene oxide were tested as potential materials for obtaining vari-ous compounds with unique properties, of which most important are chemical and thermal re-sistance. Two basic parameters influence the oligomerization process of hexafluoropropylene oxide: the type of the catalyst and the type of the solvent. Other parameters such as temperature and pressure have significantly less influence. The influence of tertiary amines as catalyst, the type of the solvent, temperature, pressure and catalyst concentration were tested in the process of hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization.
Comparison of the methods of the phase transfer catalysis and hydroperoxide in the epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz 
Published: May 2008

Comparison of the methods of the phase transfer catalysis and hydroperoxide in the epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene
The process of the epoxidation of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) to 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene (ECDD) with the 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide under the phase transfer conditions and with tert-butyl hydroperoxide under the homogeneous conditions was investigated. Onium salts such as Aliquat® 336, Arquad® 2HT, methyltrioctylammonium bromide and the Na2WO4/H3PO4 catalyst system are very active under the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions for the selective epoxidation of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatiene (PTC method). These catalytic systems were found to be as active and selective as the homogeneous phase system Mo(CO)6/TBHP (hydroperoxide method).
Optimization of the epoxidation process of (1Z,5E,9E)-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene to 1,2-epoxy-(5Z,9E)-5,9-cyclododecadiene with tert-buthyl hydroperoxide — the influence of technological parameters on the hydroperoxide conversion
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz , Rytwińska E. , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: May 2008

Optimization of the epoxidation process of (1Z,5E,9E)-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene to 1,2-epoxy-(5Z,9E)-5,9-cyclododecadiene with tert-buthyl hydroperoxide — the influence of technological parameters on the hydroperoxide conversion
The optimization studies of the epoxidation process of (1Z,5E,9E)-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) with tert-buthyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) over the molybdenum catalyst Mo(CO)6 were performed. The reaction was examined in terms of a uniform-rotatable design. Three factors were analyzed: the reaction time, CDT:TBHP molar ratio, and the molar concentration of the catalyst (Mo(CO)6). According to the design 20 experiments were performed at the constant temperature of 70°C.
Utilization of spent iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Arabczyk Walerian , Narkiewicz Urszula , Lendzion-Bieluń Zofia , Moszyński Dariusz , Pełech Iwona , Ekiert Ewa , Podsiadły Marcin , Pelka Rafał , Jędrzejewski Roman , Moszyńska Izabela , Sibera Daniel 
Published: May 2008

Utilization of spent iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis
Several methods of the utilization of spent iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis have been presented. The formation of iron nitrides of different stoichiometry by direct nitriding in ammonia in the range of temperatures between 350°C and 450°C has been shown. The preparation methods of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers where iron catalyst catalyse the decomposition of hydrocarbons have been described. The formation of magnetite embedded in a carbon material by direct oxidation of carburized iron catalyst has been also presented.
An impact of municipal sewage sludge and wheaten straw on some indicators of soil fertility
Authors: Wołoszyk Czesław , Balcer Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

An impact of municipal sewage sludge and wheaten straw on some indicators of soil fertility
In a two-factor pot experiment the impact of applied diverse doses of municipal sewage sludge and equal dose of wheaten straw, with and without supplemental mineral N and NPK fertilization, on some fertility properties of soil was assessed. The soil used in the experiment was acid brown incomplete soil (good rye complex). The grass — Festulolium — was the test plant, harvested four times and in the second year — common sunflower and blue phacelia. After the harvest of phacelia, the pH (in 1 M KCl), the content of total nitrogen, total carbon and the available forms of P, K and Mg were analyzed.
Fertilization with sewage sludge and straw failed to have a significant influence on the change of the soil pH. However, all doses of sewage sludge + straw, in comparison with the control, significantly increased the content of total carbon (from 31.8 to 37.8%) and total nitrogen (from 34.3 to 52.2%) in the soil. There was significantly more phosphorus available in the soil from all the objects with sewage sludge and straw than in the soil from the control object (from 8.2 to 21.6%), while the content of potassium was higher only in the soil from the object with 1.5% of sewage sludge + straw and magnesium at the highest dose of sewage sludge. The mineral N and NPK fertilization, used against the background of sewage sludge and straw, did not have asignificant impact on the shaping of the analyzed soil fertility indicators.
Formation of environmentally friendly chloroorganic compounds technology by sewage and by-products utilization
Authors: Myszkowski Jerzy , Milchert Eugeniusz , Paździoch Waldemar , Pełech Robert 
Published: May 2008

Formation of environmentally friendly chloroorganic compounds technology by sewage and by-products utilization
The processes presented in the study enables the separation and disposal of the chloroorganic compounds as by-products from the vinyl chloride plant by using the dichlorethane method and also from the production of propylene oxide by the chlorohydrine method. The integrated purification method of steam stripping and adsorption onto activated carbon allows a complete removal and recovery of the chloroorganic compounds from waste water. Waste distillation fraction is formed during the production of vinyl chloride. 1,1,2-trichloroethane separated from the above fraction, can be processed to vinylidene chloride and further to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. 2,3-Dichloropropene, 2-chloroallyl alcohol, 2-chloroallylamine, 2-chlorothioallyl alcohol or bis(2-chloroallylamine) can be obtained from 1,2,3-trichloropropane. In the propylene oxide plant the waste 1,2-dichloropropane is formed, which can be ammonolysed to 1,2-diaminopropane or used for the production of β-methyltaurine. Other chloroorganic compounds are subjected to chlorinolysis which results in the following compounds: perchloroethylene, tetrachloromethane, hexachloroethane, haxachlorobutadiene and hexachlorobenzene. The substitution of the milk of lime by the soda lye solution during the saponification of chlorohydrine eliminates the formation of the CaCl2 waste.