bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar rates of denial in NICHD and control interviews with alleged child abuse victims in the Netherlands
Authors: Bücken Charlotte A. , Mangiulli Ivan , Erens Brenda , de Ruiter Corine , Otgaar Henry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeIn the current study, we investigated whether denial and avoidance rates differed statistically significantly based on the interview protocol used.MethodWe examined 38 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) interview transcripts, and 30 control transcripts from interviews from an earlier study (Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022, 36, 7) conducted with alleged child victims of abuse at Dutch child protection services.ResultsWe detected 57 denial and 282 avoidance statements across the 68 interviews. No statistically significant differences emerged between (1) the proportion of denials using NICHD (42%, n = 16/38) and control interviews (30%, n = 9/30), and (2) the average number of denial statements between NICHD (M = 0.84) and control interviews (M = 0.83). Furthermore, denials (and avoidances) were not more or less likely to occur in response to certain types of questions, even though the majority of denials in our sample occurred in response to option‐posing questions (60%, n = 34/57). Denials did occur statistically significantly less often within the first half of the individual interviews in NICHD than in control interviews.ConclusionsOur findings call attention to the difficulties child protection services face in investigative interviews with alleged child victims.
Importance of the ECM–receptor interaction for adaptive response to hypoxia based on integrated transcription and translation analysis
Authors: Huo Da , Liu Shilin , Zhang Libin , Yang Hongsheng , Sun Lina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLow dissolved oxygen (LO) conditions represent a major environmental challenge to marine life, especially benthic animals. For these organisms, drastic declines in oxygen availability (hypoxic events) can trigger mass mortality events and thus, act as agents of selection influencing the evolution of adaptations. In sea cucumbers, one of the most successful groups of benthic invertebrates, the exposure to hypoxic conditions triggers adaptive adjustments in metabolic rates and behaviour. It is unclear, however, how these adaptive responses are regulated and the genetic mechanisms underpinning them. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the genetic regulation (transcription and translation) of hypoxia exposure in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Transcriptional and translational gene expression profiles under short‐ and long‐term exposure to low oxygen conditions are tightly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction in which laminin and collagen likely have important functions. Finding revealed that genes with a high translational efficiency (TE) had a relatively short upstream open reading frame (uORF) and a high uORF normalized minimal free energy, suggesting that sea cucumbers may respond to hypoxic stress via altered TE. These results provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms that confer adaptive capacity to holothurians to survive oxygen deficiency conditions and may also be used to inform the development of strategies for mitigating the harmful effects of hypoxia on other marine invertebrates facing similar challenges.
The ‘Candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi’ effectors SJP1 and SJP2 destabilise the bifunctional regulator ZjTCP7 to modulate floral transition and shoot branching
Authors: Ma Fuli , Huang Xiang , Zhou Junyong , Zhang Ning , Deng Mingsheng , Zheng Yunyan , Zhao Meiqi , Chen Wei , Zhou Wenmin , Zhai Liping , Zhong Lei , Pang Kaixue , Liu Xin , Zhong Xinyue , Ren Yifan , Liu Yu , Sun Qibao , Sun Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhytoplasmic SAP11 effectors alter host plant architecture and flowering time. However, the exact mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Two SAP11‐like effectors, SJP1 and SJP2, from ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi’ induce shoot branching proliferation. Here, the transcription factor ZjTCP7 was identified as a central target of these two effectors to regulate floral transition and shoot branching. Ectopic expression of ZjTCP7 resulted in enhanced bolting and earlier flowering than did the control. Interaction and expression assays demonstrated that ZjTCP7 interacted with the ZjFT‐ZjFD module, thereby enhancing the ability of these genes to directly bind to the ZjAP1 promoter. The effectors SJP1 and SJP2 unravelled the florigen activation complex by specifically destabilising ZjTCP7 and ZjFD to delay floral initiation. Moreover, the shoot branching of the ZjTCP7‐SRDX transgenic Arabidopsis lines were comparable to those of the SJP1/2 lines, suggesting the involvement of ZjTCP7 in the regulation of shoot branching. ZjTCP7 interacted with the branching repressor ZjBRC1 to enhance suppression of the auxin efflux carrier ZjPIN3 expression. ZjTCP7 also directly bound to and upregulated the auxin biosynthesis gene ZjYUCCA2, thereby promoting auxin accumulation. Our findings confirm that ZjTCP7 serves as a bifunctional regulator destabilised by the effectors SJP1 and SJP2 to modulate plant development.
The pore‐rhizosheath shapes maize root architecture by enhancing root distribution in macropores
Authors: Liu Lingling , Qin Shijie , Richard Whalley W. , Zhou Hu , Ren Tusheng , Gao Weida 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPores and old root‐channels are preferentially used by roots to allow them to penetrate hard soils. However, there are few studies that have accounted for the effects of pore‐rhizosheath on root growth. In this study, we developed an approach by adding the synthetic root exudates using a porous stainless tube with 0.1‐mm micropores through a peristaltic pump to reproduce the rhizosheath around the artificial pore, and investigated the effects of pores with and without rhizosheaths on maize root growth in a dense soil. The results indicated that the artificial rhizosheath was about 2.69 mm wide in the region surrounding the pores. The rhizosheath had a higher content of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and abundance of Actinobacteria than that of the bulk soil. Compared with the artificial macropores, the artificial root‐pores with a rhizosheath increased the opportunities for root utilisation of the pores space, promoting steeper and deeper root growth. It is concluded that the pore‐rhizosheath has a significant impact on root architecture by enhancing root distribution in macropores.
Dermatologic needs of transgender and gender diverse youth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Butler William , Cai Casey R. , Carswell Jeremi M. , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral dermatologic concerns are known to disproportionally affect transgender and gender‐diverse (TGD) adults, but little is known about dermatologic conditions in TGD youth. This study assesses the prevalence of acne, androgenic alopecia, scarring from gender‐affirming procedures, and eczema in pediatric TGD patients seen at Boston Children's Hospital between April 2021 and April 2022. The results demonstrate that, for TGD youth, the studied dermatologic concerns are common, referral rates to dermatology are low, and acne is significantly associated with testosterone use. Future studies should examine additional dermatologic concerns and barriers to accessing dermatologic care for this historically underserved population.
Alternaria brassicicola‐induced ROS accumulation during black spot disease differentially affects antioxidant efficiency, phenolic content and susceptibility of Brassica species
Authors: Macioszek Violetta Katarzyna , Piotrowska‐Niczyporuk Alicja , Kononowicz Andrzej Kiejstut 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly‐stage responses of Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. oleracea during black spot disease and the development of Alternaria brassicicola were evaluated. Infection of plant cells by the fungus occurred mainly through direct penetration or by appressoria and, rarely, stomata in B. juncea and B. oleracea; in B. napus, penetration was mostly direct. The process of conidial germination, germ tubes and appressoria formation on a leaf surface was correlated with the post‐inoculation time and host species (p < 0.05). Changes in the leaf surface were observed at successful infection sites as bright, wax‐deprived areas. Significant differences in progression of infection between Brassica species were observed, with B. oleracea being the most susceptible and B. napus the least. Accumulation of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide was not only observed in plant cells, but also in A. brassicicola germ tubes and appressoria at 8 and 12 h post‐inoculation (hpi). Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation during infection triggered diverse patterns of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant activities and phenolic compound contents in response to A. brassicicola. In each Brassica species, a different antioxidant was the most active. With their antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds also played an essential role in these interactions. This phenomenon could be related to the disparate levels of susceptibility of the Brassica species to A. brassicicola; for example, the most susceptible, B. oleracea, showed high ROS accumulation with decreasing tendency during disease progression, unchanged phenolics content, and the highest catalase activity, differentiating it from B. juncea and B. napus.
Abortion‐related crowdfunding post‐Dobbs
Authors: Snyder Jeremy , Grewal Ashmita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious research on abortion‐related crowdfunding campaigns found that they are impacted by stigma around abortion and rarely successful. This paper analyzes crowdfunding activity in the US following a leak of the Supreme Court decision in Dobbs. V. Jackson Women's Health Organization, a time period that saw increased financial support of abortion access funds. Crowdfunding campaigns that included “abort” or “abortion” and were created between May 2 and November 8, 2022 were recorded from the GoFundMe and GiveSendGo crowdfunding platforms. These campaigns were reviewed for whether they were US based and sought funding where abortion was used as a justification for support. Included campaigns were assigned a campaign recipient type: (1) Organizations providing abortion access; (2) Organizations seeking legal protection for abortion; (3) Individuals seeking abortion access; (4) Organizations seeking to reduce abortion access; and (5) Individuals with needs resulting from choosing not to access abortion. The authors also identified four types of rationale for supporting these campaigns. Following a leak of the Dobbs decision, 398 abortion‐related crowdfunding campaigns in the US raised over $3.8 million from over 50,000 donations. Campaigns supporting abortion access organizations raised higher median amounts than organizations seeking to reduce abortion access. Individuals seeking abortion access raised higher median amounts than individuals who chose not to terminate a pregnancy. In a reversal from pre‐Dobbs crowdfunding, abortion access campaigns tended to outperform other abortion‐related campaigns. It is not clear how long‐lived this change in support will be and campaigners remain vulnerable to changes in platforms' content moderation policies.
Living, Leading & Medicine: A two‐tiered leadership development programme for family medicine residents
Authors: Cook Jeffrey S. , Money Briana , Dyer Daniel , Whiteley Georgianna , Huntington Mark K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing awareness of the necessity and importance for physician leadership in health care. Despite this, formal leadership training is not widespread in medical education.ApproachWe describe the structure, curriculum and development of a robust two‐tiered leadership development programme within a community‐based family medicine residency programme. Living, Leading & Medicine (LLM, tier 1) consists of nine 2.5‐h discussion‐based training sessions occurring thrice annually. The Advanced Leadership Track (ALT, tier 2) includes mentoring, additional readings, personal evaluations and leadership projects.EvaluationWe used post‐session surveys and exit surveys for LLM and ALT, respectively. We utilised the modified Kirkpatrick framework for programme evaluation to present outcomes from the first 3 years for each tier. Over three quarters (40 out of 53) of residents participated in LLM sessions. The post‐session survey response rate for LLM was 95% (124 out of 130 participants). Eighteen out of 33 residents (54.5%) completed the ALT. Of these, 72% (13 of 18) returned exit surveys. Residents found the programme valuable and relevant (Kirkpatrick level 1). Residents demonstrated improvements in leadership knowledge and skills (3.85 v. 3.11, p < 0.0001; Kirkpatrick level 2) compared with an internal, historic control group. We noted changes in resident behaviour and attitudes towards leadership (Kirkpatrick level 3). Finally, the completion of leadership projects demonstrates Kirkpatrick level 4 outcomes.ImplicationsWe have created a longitudinal, two‐tiered leadership development programme that has improved the leadership capabilities of our family medicine residents.
A case of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever complicated with portal vein thrombosis and hemophagocytosis
Authors: Çaydaşı Özge , Arslan Eyüp , Adıyeke Esra , Kuzan Taha Yusuf , Karadağ Fatma Yılmaz , Engin Derya Öztürk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesCrimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection which is an important public health problem in Turkey. CCHF causes fever and bleeding and can lead to severe health outcomes. The study aims to report a case of a male patient with severe CCHF, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) treated with steroids and portal vein thrombosis.Case ReportA 37‐year‐old man was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of high fever, headache, myalgia and diarrhoea. The patient travelled to the endemic region of Turkey. In laboratory findings, thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function tests and elevated coagulation parameters were observed. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used for diagnosis of CCHF. Hypofibrinogenemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated ferritin and d‐dimer levels were observed in the clinical follow‐up. Prednisolone treatment was performed due to considered the diagnosis of HLH. Portal vein thrombosis was detected on abdominal computed tomography scan. He was successfully treated with ribavirin, corticosteroids, anticoagulant and supportive therapy.ConclusionThe clinical presentation of CCHF can range from self‐limiting flu‐like to severe symptoms possibly fatal. Acute portal vein embolism is a rare complication that has not been reported before to our knowledge. Corticosteroids may be a life‐saving treatment for CCHF patients presenting with HLH.
A FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog is associated with photoperiod‐insensitive flowering in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Dowling Caroline A. , Shi Jiaqi , Toth Jacob A. , Quade Michael A. , Smart Lawrence B. , McCabe Paul F. , Schilling Susanne , Melzer Rainer 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an extraordinarily versatile crop, with applications ranging from medicinal compounds to seed oil and fibre products. Cannabis sativa is a short‐day plant, and its flowering is highly controlled by photoperiod. However, substantial genetic variation exists for photoperiod sensitivity in C. sativa, and photoperiod‐insensitive (“autoflower”) cultivars are available. Using a bi‐parental mapping population and bulked segregant analysis, we identified Autoflower2, a 0.5 Mbp locus significantly associated with photoperiod‐insensitive flowering in hemp. Autoflower2 contains an ortholog of the central flowering time regulator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) from Arabidopsis thaliana which we termed CsFT1. We identified extensive sequence divergence between alleles of CsFT1 from photoperiod‐sensitive and insensitive cultivars of C. sativa, including a duplication of CsFT1 and sequence differences, especially in introns. Furthermore, we observed higher expression of one of the CsFT1 copies found in the photoperiod‐insensitive cultivar. Genotyping of several mapping populations and a diversity panel confirmed a correlation between CsFT1 alleles and photoperiod response, affirming that at least two independent loci involved in the photoperiodic control of flowering, Autoflower1 and Autoflower2, exist in the C. sativa gene pool. This study reveals the multiple independent origins of photoperiod insensitivity in C. sativa, supporting the likelihood of a complex domestication history in this species. By integrating the genetic relaxation of photoperiod sensitivity into novel C. sativa cultivars, expansion to higher latitudes will be permitted, thus allowing the full potential of this versatile crop to be reached.
PROTEIN L‐ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE protects enolase dysfunction by repairing isoaspartyl‐induced damage and is positively implicated in agronomically important seed traits
Authors: Kamble Nitin Uttam , Ghosh Shraboni , Petla Bhanu Prakash , Achary Rakesh Kumar , Gautam Shikha , Rao Venkateswara , Salvi Prafull , Hazra Abhijit , Varshney Vishal , Majee Manoj 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYThe protein‐repairing enzyme (PRE) PROTEIN L‐ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) influences seed vigor by repairing isoaspartyl‐mediated protein damage in seeds. However, PIMTs function in other seed traits, and the mechanisms by which PIMT affects such seed traits are still poorly understood. Herein, through molecular, biochemical, and genetic studies using overexpression and RNAi lines in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate that PIMT not only affects seed vigor but also affects seed size and weight by modulating enolase (ENO) activity. We have identified ENO2, a glycolytic enzyme, as a PIMT interacting protein through Y2H cDNA library screening, and this interaction was further validated by BiFC and co‐immunoprecipitation assay. We show that mutation or suppression of ENO2 expression results in reduced seed vigor, seed size, and weight. We also proved that ENO2 undergoes isoAsp modification that affects its activity in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Further, using MS/MS analyses, amino acid residues that undergo isoAsp modification in ENO2 were identified. We also demonstrate that PIMT repairs such isoAsp modification in ENO2 protein, protecting its vital cellular functions during seed maturation and storage, and plays a vital role in regulating seed size, weight, and seed vigor. Taken together, our study identified ENO2 as a novel substrate of PIMT, and both ENO2 and PIMT in turn implicate in agronomically important seed traits.
Characteristics of red blood cell transfusion among very preterm infants in China
Authors: Zheng Lu , Gu Xinyue , Zhao Pu , Yang Tongling , Zhang Qin , Jiang Siyuan , Cao Yun , Lee Shoo K. , Zhou Wenhao , Wang Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNational‐level data on the incidence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and outcomes among very preterm infants (VPIs) are lacking in China. This study aims to describe the use and variation of RBC transfusion among VPIs in China.Materials and MethodsThis cohort study was conducted among 70 tertiary hospitals participating in the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) from 2019 to 2020 across China. All VPIs admitted to the CHNN neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) were included.ResultsA total of 13,447 VPIs were enrolled, of whom 7026 (52.2%) received ≥1 RBC transfusions. The mean number of transfusions per infant was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–4 times) and the median age at first transfusion was 15 days (IQR 3–27 days). The transfusion rate was higher in critically ill infants compared with non‐critically ill infants (70.5% vs. 39.3%). The transfusion rate varied widely (13.5%–95.0%) between different NICUs. The prevalence of death, severe intra‐ventricular haemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP), sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) was significantly higher in the transfused group. Among non‐critically ill infants, RBC transfusion was independently associated with BPD, severe ROP and cPVL.ConclusionOur study, providing the first baseline data on RBC transfusions among VPIs in China, shows an alarmingly high RBC transfusion rate with significant site variations. There is an urgent need for national guidelines on RBC transfusions for VPIs in China.
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema and spontaneous pneumomediastinum are more prevalent in sighthounds than other dog breeds undergoing thoracic CT
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez César , Schofield Imogen , Plested Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon condition described in veterinary medicine with concurrent respiratory disease. It can be caused by the Macklin effect, which is when gas leaks from the alveoli into the surrounding interstitial lung tissue. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is the presence of gas within the pulmonary vascular sheaths and indicates the presence of the Macklin effect. In the authors’ experience, spontaneous pneumomediastinum and PIE are more prevalent in sighthound dogs than in other breeds and are often considered incidental findings. This retrospective, observational, cross‐sectional study compared the prevalence of PIE and subsequent pneumomediastinum in sighthound with other purebred dogs. It characterized the appearance of PIE in CT and analyzed a possible association with concomitant pulmonary pathologies or with the use of general anesthesia. Medical records and thoracic CTs of sighthounds and nonsighthound dogs from two institutions were reviewed. A total of 256 dogs, comprising 127 sighthounds and 129 other purebred dogs, were included. The prevalence of PIE and pneumomediastinum was statistically higher in sighthound (14.2%) compared with other nonsighthound dogs (2.2%). There was no statistical association between the presence of PIE and pneumomediastinum with different age and weight groups or with sex. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of PIE and pneumomediastinum between dogs with and without pulmonary pathology or in dogs undergoing CT with sedation or general anesthesia. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in sighthounds is more prevalent than in other breeds, and its prevalence is not associated with the presence of pulmonary pathology or the use of general anesthesia.
Foundations of the wald space for phylogenetic trees
Authors: Lueg Jonas , Garba Maryam K. , Nye Tom M. W. , Huckemann Stephan F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEvolutionary relationships between species are represented by phylogenetic trees, but these relationships are subject to uncertainty due to the random nature of evolution. A geometry for the space of phylogenetic trees is necessary in order to properly quantify this uncertainty during the statistical analysis of collections of possible evolutionary trees inferred from biological data. Recently, the wald space has been introduced: a length space for trees which is a certain subset of the manifold of symmetric positive definite matrices. In this work, the wald space is introduced formally and its topology and structure is studied in detail. In particular, we show that wald space has the topology of a disjoint union of open cubes, it is contractible, and by careful characterisation of cube boundaries, we demonstrate that wald space is a Whitney stratified space of type (A). Imposing the metric induced by the affine invariant metric on symmetric positive definite matrices, we prove that wald space is a geodesic Riemann stratified space. A new numerical method is proposed and investigated for construction of geodesics, computation of Fréchet means and calculation of curvature in wald space. This work is intended to serve as a mathematical foundation for further geometric and statistical research on this space.