bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance Characteristics and Economics of Rotary Shouldered Connection Thread Compounds
Authors: Holcomb R. T. , Wilcox V. T. , Oldiges D. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Tool joint and drill collar thread compounds are essential components of working drill strings. Performance of their function requires the satisfaction of a unique set of material conditions in a variable operating environment. A consideration of these, which can yield economies in the operational and capital expense of drilling operations, has gone long neglected.
The evolution of thread compound compositions and the technical literature dealing with these are reviewed. These appear, respectively, to be slow and inadequate. These deficiencies are addressed here.
A comprehensive list of functional property criteria for thread compounds is drawn which defines technical requirements-from compound application to connection breakout-and economy of use. The effects of compound material properties and drilling conditions on these are described. The diversity of compound performance is illustrated by the results of laboratory and field experience, with particular emphasis placed on the frictional characteristics of the compound/thread surface interface and the effect of temperature thereon. It is shown that the optimum combination of compound performance and economy results from products engineered to suit the specifics of particular drilling conditions.
Some of the directions of future development of compound properties are discussed.
Novel Polymeric Oil Mud Viscosifier for High-Temperature Drilling
Authors: Portnoy R. C. , Lundberg R. D. , Werlein E. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
As part of an ongoing study of polymeric oil viscosifiers, lightly sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) has been demonstrated to provide thermally stable rheological properties to a broad range of invert emulsion oil drilling fluids. After the polymer is activated at temperatures of about 250°F or above, fluids treated with it show excellent shear thinning rheology which is stable to aging at temperatures in excess of 400°F. Laboratory testing and field drilling results have shown the product to be a valuable viscosifier for invert emulstion oil muds subjected to high temperature conditions. The product is economical, low in toxicity, easy to apply, and it causes no adverse side effects in the mud when used either alone or with conventional oil mud viscosifiers.
Designing a Next-Generation Data Acquisition System for Drilling Rigs
Authors: Jobe T. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Since their introduction in the mid-1970's, microprocessor-based data acquisition systems have been used to improve safety and reduce costs on drilling rigs. Recent advances in hardware and software technology now enable designers to develop data acquisition systems which are more powerful, accurate, and reliable than previously possible.
This paper describes the goals, design features, and implementation of an advanced, ruggedized data acquisition system for use by drilling contractors on both offshore and onshore drilling rigs.
The results will show that substantial technical improvements can be made in designing such a system. These improvements will allow the drilling contractor and operator to be better equipped for reducing drilling costs and providing a greater safety margin.
New Sidewall Core Analysis Techniques Improve Gravel Pack Design
Authors: Himes R. E. , Ruiz S. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The increased use of sidewall core samples for gravel pack design can lead to the improper selection of gravel pack sand size if analyzed by standard sieve analysis techniques. Sidewall cores, which are obtained from the near wellbore region after drilling, are usually contaminated with drilling mud material lost to the formation as filter cake buildup occurs. This artificially introduced material is fine in particle size and can skew a sieve analysis of the sample, indicating a smaller median particle size than that of the true formation.
A commercial particle size analyzer, which operates by the light blockage principle has been used to successfully analyze sidewall core samples while excluding the major effects of mud contamination. This results in a more representative size distribution of the formation sand and a more accurate basis for selection of the proper gravel pack sand size. Its ability to rapidly analyze small amounts of sample means a larger number of samples can be evaluated in a comparatively shorter period of time.
Results of field application of the analyzer has shown that larger, and therefore more productive, gravel pack sands have been recommended for several wells where finer sands were indicated by conventional sieve analysis. Production reports have shown that these wells show high productivity with no evidence of significant sand production or gravel pack plugging by formation material.
Development of a Two-Stage Sand Consolidation Technique
Authors: Poston S. W. , Turner S. E. , Tobola D. P. , Barger B. R. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Sand production in conjunction with oil and gas production has been a major problem in the unconsolidated and poorly consolidated sands of the Gulf Coast. Chemical methods of sand consolidation are often used to prevent sand production. These sand consolidation treatments often fail because the in-situ permeability may be highly variable. These variable permeabilities cause fluid channeling through the high permeability streaks. The region around the wellbore will not be uniformly treated.
A two-stage sand consolidation treatment has been found to provide a more uniformly consolidated interval. The inital high injection rate treatment forces most of the fluids into the zone of highest permeability. This stage will reduce the in-situ permeability of the high permeability streak. A second, and similar, consolidation treatment at a reduced injection rate is then conducted to uniformly treat the entire interval.
The Prediction, Evaluation, and Treatment of Formation Damage Caused by Organic Deposition
Authors: Houchin L. R. , Hudson L. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Extensive work has been conducted in the past on organic deposition in upper tubing, surface equipment, and pipelines. Although many analytical test methods are available to evaluate organic damage, new procedures were required to establish the means by which organic formation damage can be predicted. A statistical study performed on 361 wells is presented here to provide new insight into evaluation criteria and treatment design utilizing these predictor methods.
Asphaltene Precipitation During Acid Stimulation Treatments
Authors: Jacobs I. C. , Thorne M. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Iron contaminated acid has recently been found to promote the precipitation of asphaltenes when acidizing certain oil bearing zones. This can cause severe formation damage. Standard anti-sludging agents, normally used to prevent this, are no longer effective in the presence of iron. Commonly used iron sequesterants are found not to prevent the asphaltic sludging. Proposed mechanisms to explain these observations are presented along with a new iron control additive that does prevent the precipitaton when used with conventional anti-sludging agents. Some recommendations are made for acidizing practices when asphaltic crudes are encountered.
A Brief Introduction to Oil Production Technology in China
Authors: Liu Xiangou 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper gives a brief description of the general situation of characteristics of oil production technologies in China and the results of application. A forecast of future development of these technologies has been made also.
In China, most of the oil-fields developed and exploited are sandstone-oilfields. In Eastern China, apart from Daqing Oilfield, most oilfields are complexly block-faulted. The sandstone-oilfields are, generally, featured with multiple reservoirs, long production intervals, great variations in permeability vertically, high wax content and high crude viscosity.
Huabei oilfield is a fractured carbonate reservoir. The reservoir is characterized by high temperature, and high well productivity. The reservoir is featured with double porosity by having both fractures and pores in the rock matrix. In the western part of China, the Kalamai, Changqing oilfields and others are low permeability reservoirs. These reservoirs are conglomeratic and sandstone reservoirs. In the 1980s, a series of heavy oil reservoirs have been put into development and some high viscosity reservoirs and buried hill reservoirs are to be exploited. According to the geological and development characteristics, the oil production technologies in China and its relevant infrastructure have been developed.
Technical Measures for Improving Oilfield Development by Waterflooding in a Large Multi-Layered Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Tang Zengxiong , Lui Heng , Jiang Chengzao 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Daqing, a large sandstone oilfield with an oil-bearing area of nearly 1000 sq.km, is in an anticlinal structure with a long axis. The oil reservoir formations lie at depths of 800-1200m. The max. thickness of oil-bearing intervals is up to some 500m. The oil reservoir is a Lower Cretaceous nonmarine fluvial-deltaic sedimentary system. The reservoir rocks are from middle, finegrained to silt sandstones.
In a cross section, there are up to over 100 single layers with a minimum thickness of 0.2m. and a max. of 20m. or more. There are great variations in the extent of the distribution sandbodies and in inter-layer and in-layer permeabilities (1)(2).
The field was put on stream in 1960, and with the progressive extension of the productive area by 1975, the main parts of the field had already been fully developed, oil output entering a stable peak stage from a rising stage. In 1976 annual output reached more than 50 million tons and 55 million tons are expected in 1985. Since then, the field has kept a stable or slightly rising production for 10 years in succession.
A Study of Optimum Programs and Decision-Making Methods for the Development of Cluster Gas Fields
Authors: Jiali Ge , Liyan Zao 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
On the basis of the study of optimum theory of system engineering, theory of decision-making and the theory of optimum control, a set of methods of static programmings, and methods of decision-making and dynamic optimum control for the development of a cluster of gas fields have been presented. A study of the case history of a cluster of seven gas fields has been carried out, and fruitful results have been obtained.
The study of static programming, theory of decision-making and corresponding methods has been conducted for the development of cluster fields gas fields in this paper. A technical and economic model of development programs of individual gas fields has been proposed. The characteristics of this model are to use provisional technical indexes of subsurface development together with the process of surface oil and gas gathering and treatment with which economic indexes are integrated as an issue of system engineering, all of which are studied using the common "techno- economic model". On such base, the techno- economic models of several gas fields were combined together to work out a "mixed integer programming model with multiple objectives for cluster gas field development" and such a model was solved using the method of non-linear mixed integer programming. This model can be applied for the optimum production allocation of each gas field after the total production of cluster of gasfields has been determined. This paper also describes the comprehensive evaluation methods used for cluster gas fields. These methods are used to work out various development schemes among which the best scheme can be sorted out. The above-mentioned results of study have been used for development of a cluster of seven gas fields in the central part of China, in solving the problems of optimum development speed of this cluster of gas fields and their production allocation programming, as well as the optimum development scheme and order of development of different gas fields. Therefore, an overall optimum program has been obtained and satisfactory results have been achieved.
An Analysis of Properties of Laminar Flow Field of Power-Law Fluid in Annular Space
Authors: Liu Xisheng , Zhai Yinghu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A group of simultaneous equations have been developed to describe the helical laminar flow of viscous non-Newtonian fluids in an annulus space. A theoretical analysis of the field of helical flow and axial flow of power-law fluid has been made. The axial velocity profiles of helical laminar flow and axial laminar flow are given for five aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide to verify the theoretical analysis, which shows good agreement with experimental data.
The helical flow pattern may serve as a better model to simulate the flow field in borehole. The methods used in this paper may be useful in the study of annular hydraulics.
A Study of Pore Structure by Image Processing Method and its Application
Authors: Gao Yaming , Shen Pingping , Tu Fuhua 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Pore characteristic was drawn from thin sections of dye casted sandstone samples using an image analyzer. Pore size distribution of the sample and its characteristic values were obtained with section-chord technique.
The following items have been obtained from the samples studied:
The same core sample may have different curves of throat size distribution and the pore size distribution. For the two samples with basically identical throat size distribution curves, their pore size distribution curves may be different. And for the two samples with basically identical pore size distribution curves, a large difference between the two throat size distribution curves may occur. Therefore, pore size, throat size and their distributions must be studied simultaneously in order to have a complete study on pore structures.
The throat diameters have a larger effect on permeability than those of pores. Pore and throat sizes as well as their sortings almost have no effect on porosity.
Water displacement recovery efficiency is affected by both pore and throat sortings, however, pore-to-throat size ratio has even larger effects on the recovery efficiency. The smaller the pore-to-throat size ratio is the better the pore and throat sortings, and the higher the recovery efficiency will be; and vice versa.
Injectivity Losses Under Particle Cake Buildup and Particle Invasion
Authors: Ershaghi I. , Hashemi R. , Caothien S. C. , Abdassah D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A series of laboratory flow experiments were conducted to examine the relative effects of various factors causing gradual losses in injectivities in fieldwide water injection operations. Injectivity losses were measured on a small scale during radial flow injection of carefully prepared particle suspensions with KCl as a base fluid.
Systematic matching of rocks mean pore sizes and the mean particle sizes in the suspension pointed out their effect and control on the mechanism of injectivity impairment.
Additional factors studied included the impact of prefiltration using microfilters and the role of differential pressure in enhancing the injectivities.
A Versatile Phase Equilibrium Package for Compositional Simulation
Authors: Obüt S. T. , Ertekin T. , Geisbrecht R. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Modeling of enhanced oil recovery applications such as miscible gas injection requires careful consideration of phase equilibria, especially between multiple liquid phases. This paper addresses the problem of phase equilibria when more than two phases are present.
A cubic equation of state approach is used and both Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong equations of state are considered. Solution methods implemented for finding the roots of the nonlinear system of equations include successive substitution method (SSM), accelerated and stabilized successive substitution method (ASSM), and minimum variable Newton-Raphson (MVNR) method.
In the process of finding interaction coefficients for the mixing parameters a linear optimization routine is used to obtain the first set of constants which pertain to mixture energy of interaction while the second set, which pertain to mixture volume, are held equal to zero. To initialize the optimization search, the first set of interaction coefficients are supplied from the available literature. Randomly generated numbers are then used as scaling factors to obtain additional sets of interaction coefficients in the process of constructing an error matrix. Constraints are determined with the aid of a least squares routine, and by using a revised two-phase procedure, best estimates to the interaction coefficients are obtained. The proposed phase equilibria package is also capable of collapsing a number of components into a pseudo component, which in turn requires less computational work. Furthermore, it is also capable of splitting a C7+ fraction into hypothetical components, which will subsequently give a better phase behavior prediction.
The phase equilibrium prediction progresses in a stepwise manner and during this process, the method of Heidemann and Khalil for critical point determination in multi-component systems is utilized to distinguish the types of the phases.
The phase behavior routine has been tested on various three- or four-phase systems and has been found flexible and satisfactory for phase equilibria prediction of multiple liquid phase mixtures.
Coiled Tubing Cement Squeeze Technique at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Authors: Harrison T. W. , Blount C. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A non-rig Coiled Tubing Unit (CTU) cement squeeze technique has been developed and proven in the Prudhoe Bay field. This new technique does not require that the well be killed. The channel and perforations remain clean and unobstructed allowing easy placement of cement. This process utilizes in-situ contamination of cement left in the well bore after the squeeze. The contaminated cement is then circulated or reversed out of the wellbore after the squeezed cement has set, eliminating the need for drilling. The technique has been used to shut off channels in the primary cement to both the aquifer and the gas cap, to squeeze off unwanted production perforations, and to alter injection profiles. Workover costs for these types of jobs have been reduced an average of 85% by utilizing the CTU technique. Scale modeling, fullscale testing, and field operating experience were drawn upon in developing this technique.
A Core-Log Study of the Hartselle Sandstone in North Alabama With Emphasis in Log Interpretation Problems in Tight Gas Sands
Authors: Tsay F. S. , Fang J. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The correlations among the physical properties of core samples taken from the Hartselle Sandstone formation were examined, porosity, permeability, formation factor, cementation factor, saturation exponent, caly mineralogy and cation exchange capacity were determined. Constants such as, a, a*, m, m*, n, n* and no were found to be unique and significantly different from those for normal shaly sands. The cation exchange capacities (CEC) were determined by the strontium exchange technique. The curvelinear equation correlating CEC vs. Gamma Ray has been proven to be useful for the prediction of CEC for the Hartselle Sandstone. It has been found that water saturation calculation using Dual-Water and Waxman-Smits models are very sensitive to the values of m*, n* and the clay content, particularlly when water saturation excees 50 percent and Vsh exceeds 15 percent. Therefore accurate determination of these constants is necessary. It was also found that Fertl-Hamm ck equation can be used as a suitable alternative for the tight gas sands, with an accuracy similar to Waximan-Smits model, when the core data is not available
Advances in the Microseismic Method of Hydraulic Fracture Azimuth Estimation
Authors: Sorrells G. G. , Mulcahy C. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Research during the past two years into the triaxial borehole seismic method of fracture azimuth estimation has led to the development of new data processing and analysis procedures. Applications of these techniques to data acquired in a variety of treatment zones and under a variety of treatment conditions have successfully yielded precise estimates of seismic polarization planes which exist in the microseismic data. Methods have also been developed, or are being developed, to unambiguously relate the polarization planes to real fractures in the earth. In addition, an advanced system of instrumentation has been developed and tested to simultaneously acquire bottom-hole pressure, microseismicity and temperature data in the treatment well.
Geologic Analysis of Gas Hydrate Deposits
Authors: Malone R. D. , Mroz T. H. , Dominic K. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Research efforts undertaken by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Department of Energy, have focused on the geologic assessment of gas hydrate deposits existing in two different settings (onshore and offshore). Preliminary assessments have been completed for the North Slope of Alaska and the offshore east coast of the United States. Specific sites studied in the onshore setting were the Point Barrow, Kuparuk River, Prudhoe Bay, Cape Simpson, Cape Thompson, and Umiat areas of Alaska. The specific site for the offshore setting was the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge area of the western Atlantic. This study demonstrates the use of geophysical, geological, and geochemical techniques and data to locate and evaluate the potential gas hydrate resource of these two settings.
Natural Gas Stimulation in Tight, Clay-Bearing Sandstone Using Foamed CO2 as Hydraulic Fracturing Media
Authors: Slatter T. D. , Rucker J. R. , Crisp E. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Low permeability, clay rich, gas bearing sandstone reservoirs which are susceptible to formation damage caused by conventional fracturing fluids can be successfully fractured using a foamed CO2 fluid. Production has been greatly improved as evidenced by an average 6.5 folds of increase for 12 wells with 5 wells in excess of 14 folds.
Production Potential of a Coalbed Gas Reservoir
Authors: Al-Saadoon F. T. , Byrer C. W. 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARY
The primary objectives of this research effort were to evaluate in-place gas, reserves, and production potential of coalbed gas using a vertical boreholes pattern. The DOE-U.S. Steel project in the Warrior Basin is selected as a specific site analysis because of the abundance of data, including 712 years of production history, available on the project.
Three models were developed for the implementation of the preceding objectives. The first model is based on the production decline curve method; the second model is based on the extension of the volumetric method; and the third model is based on the extension of the material balance method.
During the 89-month period, it has been reported that the cumulative gas production from the 23-well patter is 2.354 billion scf. That is, about 88.4 percent of the original gas in place has been produced in 89 months.