bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis of the Deep Rough Lipopolysaccharide from Gram Negative Bacterium Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126T: The First Finding of β‐Kdo in the Inner Core of Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Liparoti Valeria , Molinaro Antonio , Sturiale Luisa , Garozzo Domenico , Nazarenko Evgeny L. , Gorshkova Raisa P. , Ivanova Elena P. , Shevcenko Luidmila S. , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126T is a Gram‐negative marine bacterium isolated from a sea water sample collected from around the Hawaiian Islands. The structure of the lipooligosaccharide derived from its outer membrane has been fully determined using either alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Alkaline treatment, aimed at recovering the complete carbohydrate backbone, was carried out by mild hydrazinolysis (de‐O‐acylation) followed by de‐N‐acylation using hot KOH and furnished a single core glycoform. Mild acid hydrolysis was employed to obtain the lipid A moiety which was selectively de‐O‐acylated and analysed to determine its primary structure. The structural elucidation of both fractions was carried out by chemical analyses, 2D NMR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and revealed a novel lipooligosaccharide with an unusual structure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Personalization and differentiation as moderators of triggered displaced aggression towards out‐group targets
Authors: Vasquez Eduardo A. , Ensari Nurcan , Pedersen William C. , Tan Rae Yunzi , Miller Norman 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo studies examined the reduction of triggered displaced aggression (TDA) via bottom‐up processing modes of de‐categorization. Participants were provoked by the experimenter and then interacted with an ostensible out‐group member who either did or did not provide a second (triggering) provocation. Study 1 compared TDA toward a triggering out‐group member who had previously been either differentiated from the out‐group, made the focus of self‐other comparison, or was in a no‐information control condition. As predicted, both differentiation and self‐other comparison reduced aggression relative to the control condition. Study 2 examined the effect of negative self‐disclosure from the out‐group target, and contrasted its effects with both self‐other comparison with a negative other, and a no‐information control condition. As predicted, triggered participants in the negative self‐disclosure condition aggressed less than those triggered in the negative self‐other comparison or no‐information control conditions. The liking induced by self‐disclosure mediated its aggression‐reducing effect. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrill erosion in the sloping lands of northern Laos subjected to shifting cultivation
Authors: Chaplot V. , Khampaseuth X. , Valentin C. , Bissonnais Y. Le 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study our main objective was to quantify water interrill erosion in the sloping lands of Southeast Asia, one of the most bio‐geochemically active regions of the world. Investigations were performed on a typical hillslope of Northern Laos subjected to slash and burn agriculture practiced as shifting cultivation. Situations with different periods of the shifting cultivation cycle (secondary forest, upland rice cultivation following a four‐year fallow period and three‐year continuous upland rice cultivation) and soil orders (Ultisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols) were selected. One metre square micro‐plots were installed to quantify the soil material removed by either detachment of entire soil aggregate or aggregate destruction, and the detached material transported by thin sheet flow, the main mechanisms of interrill erosion. In addition, laboratory tests were carried out to quantify the aggregate destruction in the process of water erosion by slaking, dispersion and mechanical breakdown. The average runoff coefficient (R) evaluated throughout the 2002 rainy season was 30·1 per cent and the interrill erosion was 1413 g m−2 yr−1 for sediments and 68 g C m−2 yr−1 for soil organic carbon, which was relatively high. Among the mechanisms of interrill water erosion, aggregate destruction was low and mostly caused by mechanical breakdown due to raindrops, thus leading to the conclusion that detachment and further transport by the shallow runoff of macro‐aggregates predominates. R ranged from 23·1 to 35·8 per cent. It decreased with the proportion of mosses on the soil surface and soil surface coverage, and increased with increasing proportion of structural crust, thus confirming previous results. Water erosion varied from 621 to 2433 g m−2 yr−1 for sediments and from 31 to 146 g C m−2 yr−1 for soil organic carbon, and significantly increased with increasing clay content of the surface horizon, probably due to the formation of easily detachable and transportable sand‐size aggregates, and proportion of macro‐aggregates not embedded in the soil matrix and prone to transport. In addition, water erosion decreased with increasing proportion of structural crusts, probably due to their higher hardness, and when cultivation follows a fallow period rather than after a long period of cultivation due to the greater occurrence of algae on the soil surface, which affords physical protection and greater aggregate stability through binding and gluing. This study based on simultaneous field and laboratory investigations allowed successful identification and quantification of the main erosion mechanisms and controlling factors of interrill erosion, which will give arguments to further set up optimal strategies for sustainable use of the sloping lands of Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpreting erosion rates from cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations measured in rapidly eroding terrain
Authors: Reinhardt Liam J. , Hoey T. B. , Barrows T. T. , Dempster T. J. , Bishop P. , Fifield L. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA combination of numerical analysis and 10Be concentrations measured in sediment samples from the high‐relief Torrente catchment, southern Spain, allows us to investigate the sampling requirements for determining erosion rates using cosmogenic nuclides in high‐relief, landslide‐dominated terrain. We use simple modelling to quantify the effect of particle spalling and/or landsliding on erosion rates determined using a cosmogenic in‐situ produced isotope. Analytical results show that the cosmogenic nuclide concentration of a surface experiencing regular detachment of a grain or block may be considered to be in steady state, and ‘in‐situ’ erosion rates estimated, when an appropriate number of spatially independent samples are amalgamated. We present equations that enable calculation of the number of bedrock samples that must be amalgamated for the estimation of mean erosion rates on an outcrop experiencing regular detachment of a grain or chip of thickness L every T years. Our findings confirm that mean catchment erosion rates may be reliably estimated from 10Be concentrations in fluvial sediment in high‐relief rapidly eroding terrain. These catchment‐wide integrated erosion rates can be calculated where erosion is primarily accomplished through shallow (<3 m) spalling processes; where deep‐seated (>3 m) landslides are the dominant mode of erosion only minimum erosion rates can be determined. Lastly, we present erosion rate measurements from the Torrente catchment that reveal variation of two orders of magnitude (0·03–1·6 m ka−1) quantifying the high degree of spatial variation in erosion rates expected within rapidly uplifting catchments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Depth‐Resolved In‐Situ Study of the Reduction and Oxidation of Ni‐Based Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Hagen A. , Poulsen H. F. , Klemensø T. , Martins R. V. , Honkimäki V. , Buslaps T. , Feidenshans'l R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe stability of Ni‐YSZ anodes as part of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) towards redox cycling is an important issue for successfully introducing the technology. Detailed knowledge of the NiO‐Ni transitions and their impact on the mechanical integrity of the whole system is necessary to improve the overall stability. In the present paper, a unique in‐situ X‐ray diffraction setup is presented which allows monitoring of the local structural changes during processing of SOFCs. With this setup technological SOFCs – a half cell and a full cell – were studied with respect to NiO‐Ni transitions in repeated reduction‐oxidation cycles, under conditions relevant for SOFC application. It was found that the redox kinetics is a function of the sample depth. Ni particles further away from the surface were reduced/oxidized at a slower rate than particles close to the surface.
The role of mental health professionals in multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs
Authors: Townsend Cynthia O. , Bruce Barbara K. , Hooten W. Michael , Rome Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe traditional roles of psychologists and mental health therapists are challenged by the comprehensive treatment necessary for patients being treated in multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (MPRPs). Mental health professionals within MPRPs provide direct clinical care but also guide the biopsychosocial model of pain management and cognitive‐behavioral interventions for multiple disciplines. Illustrated by a case example of a patient who has complex chronic pain, this article discusses the biopsychosocial approach to pain treatment, structure of multidisciplinary care, major roles of mental health professionals in MPRPs, complexities of treating patients who have pain, and challenges in collaborating with multiple disciplines. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1433–1443, 2006.
Relative sea‐level changes, glacial isostatic modelling and ice‐sheet reconstructions from the British Isles since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Shennan Ian , Bradley Sarah , Milne Glenn , Brooks Anthony , Bassett Sophie , Hamilton Sarah 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWhile contributing <1 m equivalent eustatic sea‐level rise the British Isles ice sheet produced glacio‐isostatic rebound in northern Britain of similar magnitude to eustatic sea‐level change, or global meltwater influx, over the last 18 000 years. The resulting spatially variable relative sea‐level changes combine with observations from far‐field locations to produce a rigorous test for quantitative models of glacial isostatic adjustment, local ice‐sheet history and global meltwater influx. After a review of the attributes of relative sea‐level observations significant for constraining large‐scale models of the isostatic adjustment process we summarise long records of relative sea‐level change from the British Isles and far‐field locations. We give an overview of different global theoretical models of the isostatic adjustment process before presenting intercomparisons of observed and predicted relative sea levels at sites in the British Isles and far‐field for a range of Earth and ice model parameters in order to demonstrate model sensitivity and the resolving power available from using evidence from the British Isles. For the first time we show a good degree of fit between relative sea‐level observations and predictions that are based upon global Earth and ice model parameters, independently derived from analysis of far‐field data, with a terrain‐corrected model of the British Isles ice sheet that includes extensive glaciation of the North Sea and western continental shelf, that does not assume isostatic equilibrium at the Last Glacial Maximum and keeps to trimline constraints of ice surface elevation. We do not attempt to identify a unique solution for the model lithosphere thickness parameter or the local‐scale detail of the ice model in order to provide a fit for all sites, but argue that the next stage should be to incorporate an ice‐sheet model that is based on quantitative, glaciological model simulations. We hope that this paper will stimulate this debate and help to integrate research in glacial geomorphology, glaciology, sea‐level change, Earth rheology and quantitative modelling. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Episodic Quaternary volcanism in France and Germany. David A. G. Nowell, M. Chris Jones and David M. Pyle. Journal of Quaternary Science Vol 21 No 6 2006, pages 645–675.
Authors: Nowell David A. G. , Jones M. Chris , Pyle David M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Quaternary Science Vol 21 No 6 2006, pages 645–675. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicompartment Micellar Solutions in Shear: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Zhong Chongli , Xia Jun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Dissipative particle dynamics simulations were performed to study the effect of shear on the rheological behavior of multicompartment micellar solutions, demonstrating that both shear thickening and thinning can occur, and the macroscopic behavior was elucidated at a molecular level. In addition, a novel shear‐induced morphology of “sphere‐on‐rod” was observed. This work provides useful information towards a complete understanding of the properties and morphologies of multicompartment micelles that is useful for future rational synthesis of novel micelles.Shear‐induced morphological transitions and rheological behavior in multicompartment micellar solutions formed from star triblock copolymers.magnified imageShear‐induced morphological transitions and rheological behavior in multicompartment micellar solutions formed from star triblock copolymers.
Synthesis of Uniquely Branched Polyethylene by Anilinonaphthoquinone Ligated Nickel Complex Activated with Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane
Authors: Okada Mitsuhiro , Nakayama Yuushou , Ikeda Tomiki , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: A novel nickel complex ligated with 2‐(2,6‐diisopropylanilino)‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (1) was synthesized. The molecular structure of 1 determined by X‐ray analysis was a square‐planar geometry. Complex 1 conducted ethylene polymerization at 40 °C in a low activity to give linear polyethylene. On the other hand, 1 activated with 4 eq. of B(C6F5)3 was highly active for ethylene polymerization and gave a polymer possessing short chain branches of methyl, ethyl and propyl groups formed by a chain walking mechanism, as well as long chain branches, of which the content was almost the same as the total content of short chain branches. These results suggest that the macromonomer formed via β‐hydride elimination should have effectively copolymerized with ethylene to give the long chain branches in the B(C6F5)3‐activated system.
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Fluorinated Poly(aryl ether) Containing a 4‐Bromophenyl Pendant Group and its Phosphonated Derivative
Authors: Liu Baijun , Robertson Gilles P. , Guiver Michael D. , Shi Zhiqing , Navessin Titichai , Holdcroft Steven 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: A high‐molecular‐weight fluorinated poly(aryl ether) with a 4‐bromophenyl pendant group has been synthesized based on a bromo‐bisphenol. A phosphonic acid derivative is readily prepared from this in high conversion yield. The phosphonated polymer possesses excellent thermal, oxidative, and dimensional stability, low methanol permeability, and reasonable proton conductivity, and may be a candidate polymeric electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications.Synthesis of a poly(aryl ether) with a phosphonic acid group.magnified imageSynthesis of a poly(aryl ether) with a phosphonic acid group.
Synthesis and Polymerization of Optically Active N‐Propargylphosphonamidates: A Novel Helical Polymer Carrying a P‐Chiral Center
Authors: Yue Dongmei , Fujii Toru , Terada Kayo , Tabei Junichi , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: A diastereomeric pair of novel N‐propargylphosphonamidates, HCCCH2NHP(O)(CH3)O‐L‐menthyl was synthesized by the successive condensations of methylphosphonic dichloride with L‐menthol and propargylamine. The (R)‐P‐isomer (1a) was isolated, and the absolute configuration was determined by XRD. Polymerization of 1a, and a mixture of 1a and (S)‐P‐isomer (1b) was carried out with a zwitterionic Rh complex as a catalyst. cis‐Stereoregular polymers with number‐average molecular weights of 5 600–9 800 were obtained in good yields. Poly(1a) and poly(1a29‐co‐1b71) exhibited large specific rotations (+408 and −146°), and intense Cotton effects ([θ] = +2.25 and −0.9 × 104 deg · cm2 · dmol−1) based on the conjugated polyacetylene backbone around 325 nm in CHCl3, indicating that these polymers have helical structures, whose predominant helical senses are opposite.Polymerization of N‐propargylphosphonamidate.magnified imagePolymerization of N‐propargylphosphonamidate.
CagA protein secreted by the intact type IV secretion system leads to gastric epithelial inflammation in the Mongolian gerbil model
Authors: Shibata W , Hirata Y , Maeda S , Ogura K , Ohmae T , Yanai A , Mitsuno Y , Yamaji Y , Okamoto M , Yoshida H , Kawabe T , Omata M 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHelicobacter pylori causes various gastro‐duodenal diseases, including gastric cancer. The CagA protein, an H. pylori virulence factor, induces morphological changes in host cells and may be associated with the development of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The present study has analysed the role of CagA protein in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection in the Mongolian gerbil model. Mongolian gerbils were challenged with wild‐type H. pylori strain TN2, which has a functional cag pathogenicity island or isogenic mutants with disrupted cagA (ΔcagA) or cagE (ΔcagE) genes. They were sacrificed at 7, 13, and 25 weeks after inoculation. Pathological changes of the gastric mucosa were determined and apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemistry for PCNA, phospho‐IκBα, and phospho‐Erk was also performed. All of the bacterial strains colonized the gerbil stomach at similar densities; however, the ΔcagA mutant induced milder gastritis than did the wild type. The extent of apoptosis and lymphoid follicle formation in the epithelium appeared to depend on intact cagA. The ΔcagA mutant induced less phosphorylation of IκBα and Erk, and less expression of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐1β mRNA in the epithelium than did the wild type. It is concluded that CagA protein may be essential for the induction of severe gastritis in the Mongolian gerbil model. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Von Penicillin G zu tricyclischen β‐Lactamen: Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDas antibakterielle Spektrum und die Aktivität der Antibiotika werden von einer Reihe von physikochemischen Eigenschaften bestimmt. Aktivität gegen Gram‐positive Erreger wird durch Lipophilie erreicht, während ein höheres Maß an Hydrophilie für die Penetration durch die wassergefüllten Poren der Gram‐negativen Bakterien notwendig ist. Aktivität gegen Pseudomonaden hängt besonders von dem Vorhandensein einer positiven Ladung ab, die permanent oder auch pH‐abhängig vorhanden sein kann. So haben fast alle Carbapeneme positiv geladene oder ladbare Stickstoffatome und sind deshalb gegen Pseudomonas aeruginosa und Enterobacteriaceae wirksam. Lipophile Carbapeneme (z.B. L‐786.392) sind folgerichtig gegen Gram‐positive Erreger wie Staphylokokken und Enterokokken wirksam. So lässt sich leicht verstehen, dass das lipophile Penem Faropenem nicht gegen Pseudomonaden wirksam ist: Es ist nicht positiv geladen und kann deshalb nicht durch die hydrophilen Poren penetrieren. Mit diesen einfachen Regeln kann fast immer das Wirkspektrum der β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika erklärt werden.
Alte Wege zu neuen Antibiotika – Platensimycin
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike , Dingermann Theo , Zündorf Ilse 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDie Nachricht schaffte es immerhin als “Letter” in das renommierte Wissenschaftsjournal Nature und ging als kleine Sensation durch die Presse: Ein völlig neues Target verspricht einen Zwischensieg im Kampf gegen multiresistente Krankheitserreger.
Integration of response to intervention and norm‐referenced tests in learning disability identification: Learning from the Tower of Babel
Authors: Flanagan Dawn P. , Ortiz Samuel O. , Alfonso Vincent C. , Dynda Agnieszka M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSignificant limitations in research on learning disability (LD) have included failure to incorporate well‐validated guiding theories, use of vague or nonspecific operational definitions, and lack of a systematic framework and common terminology for LD identification. Difficulties in communication among researchers continue to limit theoretical development and empirical advancement, and have lead to disagreement regarding best practices in identification. To this end, we propose an operational definition of LD that is grounded in contemporary psychometric theory and research on the relations between cognitive abilities/processes and academic outcomes. We demonstrate that response‐to‐intervention (RTI) and norm‐referenced ability testing should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but instead should be integrated within an operational definition of LD. Only when there exists a common set of definitions and terms, as is evident in operational definitions, can researchers and practitioners move toward the goal of better diagnosis and treatment of LD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 807–825, 2006.
Gabrielle A. Roberts, Kim S. Davis, Dinorah Zanger, Aimee Gerrard‐Morris, and Daniel H. Robinson, “Top Contributors to the School Psychology Literature: 1996–2005.” Psychology in the Schools, 43(6) 2006, 737–743
Authors: Roberts Gabrielle A. , Davis Kim S. , Zanger Dinorah , Gerrard‐Morris Aimee , Robinson Daniel H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this erratum refers was published in Psychology in the Schools 43(6) 2006, 737‐743.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis as tool for proteomics studies in combination with protein identification by mass spectrometry
Authors: Wittmann‐Liebold Brigitte , Graack Hanns‐Rüdiger , Pohl Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe proteome analysis by 2‐DE is one of the most potent methods of analyzing the complete proteome of cells, cell lines, organs and tissues in proteomics studies. It allows a fast overview of changes in cell processes by analysis of the entire protein extracts in any biological and medical research projects. New instrumentation and advanced technologies provide proteomics studies in a wide variety of biological and biomedical questions. Proteomics work is being applied to study antibiotics‐resistant strains and human tissues of various brain, lung, and heart diseases. It cumulated in the identification of antigens for the design of new vaccines. These advances in proteomics have been possible through the development of advanced high‐resolution 2‐DE systems allowing resolution of up to 10 000 protein spots of entire cell lysates in combination with protein identification by new highly sensitive mass spectrometric techniques. The present technological achievements are suited for a high throughput screening of different cell situations. Proteomics may be used to investigate the health effects of radiation and electromagnetic field to clarify possible dangerous alterations in human beings.