bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric Morphological Differences Distinguish Populations of Scup in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Love Joseph W. , Chase Peter D. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Scup Stenotomus chrysops, a commercially important marine species, are distributed from Nova Scotia to south Florida, and may represent morphologically distinct populations across their range. It was determined whether there were morphological differences between a North Atlantic Bight (NAB) population (41°N) and two South Atlantic Bight (SAB) populations (30°N and 32°N) of this species from April 2005 to July 2005, when the populations had formed spawning groups. Morphology was compared among populations by means of a geometric, landmark-based analysis of morphological and meristic traits for 180 individuals that were sexed and staged to maturity. A backward, stepwise discriminant functions analysis (DFA) produced a model that generated DFA scores that differed significantly between the NAB and SAB populations. Forehead and body depth dimensions differed among populations but not sexes. The DFA model predicted similar scores for 32 new NAB individuals and 31 new SAB individuals; however, scores were consistently underpredicted for the NAB individuals and overpredicted for the SAB individuals. We concluded that distinct northern and southern populations support a two-stock or two-species hypothesis; however, it is unclear whether this stock structure is related to reproductive or other life history traits. Either phenotypic plasticity or divergent selection may explain the morphological dissimilarities among these populations, but their influence on individual fitness remains unknown.
Bupivacaine Administration and Postoperative Pain following Anterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft for Alveolar Cleft Repair
Authors: Dashow Jason E. , Lewis Charlotte W. , Hopper Richard A. , Gruss Joseph S. , Egbert Mark A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To determine whether placement of a bupivacaine-soaked absorbable sponge (BAS) in addition to bupivacaine infiltration at the anterior iliac crest (AIC) donor site alters postoperative pain for children undergoing alveolar bone grafting (ABG) for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P). The comparison group received only bupivacaine infiltration (NO BAS) at the AIC. Design: Retrospective cohort. Medical records were abstracted by one investigator, blinded to BAS versus NO BAS use. Setting and Patients: Consecutive patients with CL±P who underwent ABG between 2000 and 2006 at one large U.S. craniofacial center. Intervention: BAS was used in 118 procedures and NO BAS in 89. Outcome Measures: Postoperative pain score, total and opioid pain medication requirement, length of hospital stay (LOS), and time to initial ambulation. Results: One hundred eighty-two patients underwent 207 ABG procedures. Mean pain scores were significantly lower when BAS was used compared with NO BAS (1.3 versus 1.8; p  =  .01). Patients who received BAS required significantly less pain medication than NO BAS patients: opioids (0.14 versus 0.20 mg/kg; p  =  .01) and total (0.60 versus 0.71 mg/kg; p  =  .02). Relative to the NO BAS group, those who received BAS had a shorter LOS (30.9 versus 42.4 hours; p < .0001) and less time to initial ambulation following surgery (14.4 versus 20.6 hours; p < .0001). Conclusion: Use of BAS at the AIC donor site significantly reduced postoperative pain score, pain medication requirement, LOS, and time to ambulation relative to children who did not receive BAS following ABG.
Psychosocial Functioning and Sleep Patterns in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) Compared with Healthy Controls
Authors: Brand Serge , Blechschmidt Anja , Müller Andreas , Sader Robert , Schwenzer-Zimmerer Katja , Zeilhofer Hans-Florian , Holsboer-Trachsler Edith 
Published: March 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was twofold: to assess psychological functioning, interactional competencies, and sleep patterns in children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and to compare these results with those from age- and gender-matched controls. It was hypothesized that participants with CLP would exhibit greater difficulties in psychological functioning, more interactional difficulties, and poorer sleep patterns than those without CLP. Participants: Thirty-two children and adolescents with CLP and 34 controls were recruited. Ages ranged from 6 to 16 years. Main Outcome Measures: For psychosocial assessment, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a questionnaire on interactional competencies (PIELCQ) were completed; for sleep assessment, a sleep log was completed for seven consecutive nights. Results: Participants with and without CLP did not differ with respect to emotional problems, conduct problems, or hyperactivity. With respect to interactional competencies, participants with CLP were six times more likely to report difficulties. Unfavorable sleep patterns were associated with psychosocial strain but not with the presence of CLP. Conclusions: Results indicate that children and adolescents with CLP may report that they have sleep irregularities as often as those without CLP. In adolescence, the presence of CLP may be associated with increased difficulties. Consequently, skill training to improve context-related social competencies may be appropriate.
Dynamic Analysis of the Effects of Upper Lip Pressure on the Asymmetry of the Facial Skeleton in Patients with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nagasao Tomohisa , Miyamoto Junpei , Konno Eri , Ogata Hisao , Nakajima Tatsuo , Isshiki Yasushige 
Published: March 2009

Objective: Our purpose was to assess quantitatively the effect of increased upper-lip pressure on asymmetry of the facial bones in patients with unilateral complete lip-alveolar-palatal clefts. Methods: We collected computed tomographic images from 16 patients with unilateral complete lip-alveolar-palatal clefts and classified them into two groups based on absence/presence of alveolar bone grafting. We categorized eight patients (9.6 ± 2.0 years old) who had not been treated with alveolar bone grafting as the ABG(−) group and the other eight patients (9.3 ± 1.6 years old) who had received alveolar bone grafting as the ABG(+) group. After producing a computer-aided design model for each patient, we applied a uniform load on the anterior aspects of the maxilla, alveolus, and teeth of the model to simulate the upper-lip pressure. Then we calculated the degree of distortion each model presented using the finite element method. We compared the distortion pattern between the ABG(−) and ABG(+) groups. Results: In the ABG(−) patients, asymmetry of distortion between the cleft and noncleft sides was present in wide areas involving the orbit, nasal bone, piriform margin, and anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. In the ABG(+) patients, asymmetry of distortion was limited to rather small areas. Conclusions: In unilateral complete lip-alveolar-palatal clefts patients, the upper-lip pressure works to dislocate the cleft-side segment to a more posterior position than the noncleft-side segment. This finding implies that the increased lip pressure exacerbates facial asymmetry of these patients. The exacerbating effect on facial asymmetry is alleviated by alveolar bone grafting.
Are Teeth Close to the Cleft More Susceptible to Periodontal Disease?
Authors: de Almeida Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga , Gonzalez Marly Kimie Sonohara , Greghi Sebastião Luiz Aguiar , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , Pegoraro Luiz Fernando 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To evaluate whether teeth close to the cleft area present higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than teeth in other regions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo. Patients: There were 400 individuals with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 49 years, without any previous periodontal treatment. Main Outcome Measures: All clinical parameters were evaluated in six sites for each tooth. The arithmetic means were calculated for each sextant. Results: Of the sextants, 86.75% presented means of probing depth smaller than or equal to 3 mm. No sextant exhibited means of probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .001) in probing depth according to age, types of cleft, and sextant; 95.87% of sextants presented mean attachment levels smaller than or equal to 3 mm. The sextant with cleft did not present higher means of probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index. There was gingival bleeding in 99.08% of the sample and plaque in 97.40%. The type of cleft was not an important factor influencing the prevalence of periodontal disease. Age seems to be an important factor influencing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease for all aspects investigated. Conclusions: Periodontal disease in individuals with clefts occurred in a similar manner as observed in other populations. The presence of the cleft does not seem to increase the prevalence of the disease.
Treatment of Dental Anomalies in Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at Sickkids Hospital, Toronto
Authors: Cassolato Sandra F. , Ross Bruce , Daskalogiannakis John , Noble James , Tompson Bryan 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To quantify dental anomalies in permanent dentition associated with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and to survey treatment modalities used to address these problems. Method: Retrospective study of 116 children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate treated at SickKids since birth. Presence and morphology of lateral incisors and second premolars were determined. Orthodontic, surgical, and/or prosthetic procedures were analyzed. Results: The cleft-side lateral incisor was absent in 93.1% of finished cases. The lateral incisor mesial to the cleft was present in 4.3%, absent due to agenesis in 75.9%, and extracted in 19.8% of cases. The lateral distal to the cleft was present in 2.6%, absent due to agenesis in 33.6%, and extracted in 63.8% of cases. Of 105 lateral incisors, only one had normal morphology. Noncleft-side lateral incisors were absent in 16% of finished cases. Absence was due to agenesis in 12.1% of cases and extraction in 4.3%. When the lateral incisor was missing, closure of the dental space occurred by orthodontic tooth movement after alveolar bone grafting (45%); surgical closure with simultaneous alveolar bone grafting (35%); prosthetic closure (17%); and 3% were failures. Agenesis of premolars occurred in 12.1% of cleft-side and 10.3% of noncleft-side maxillary second premolars. Conclusions: The cleft-side lateral incisor is rarely present at the conclusion of orthodontic and surgical treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Often absent due to agenesis, when present it is typically abnormal in size and bone support and is commonly extracted in favor of canine substitution.
Total Antioxidant Capacity and Superoxide Dismutase Activity Levels in Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Pregnant Women With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Akalın Ferda Alev , Baltacıoğlu Esra , Alver Ahmet , Karabulut Erdem 
Published: March 2009

Background: There is evidence of reduced antioxidant (AO) defense in periodontitis and pregnancy and adverse interactions between periodontitis and pregnancy.Methods: In this study, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) total AO capacity (TAOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme concentrations in pregnant patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were compared to those in non‐pregnant patients. Periodontal examinations were performed and GCF/serum samples were obtained from 33 pregnant patients with CP (PCP), 18 pregnant patients with gingivitis (PG), and 21 periodontally healthy pregnant controls (P‐controls), monitored in the first and third trimesters; 27 non‐pregnant women with CP; and 25 non‐pregnant control women. The concentrations of TAOC (automated measurement method) and SOD (spectrophotometric method) were determined.Results: Periodontal parameters were higher in pregnant patients versus non‐pregnant patients and in the CP group compared to controls, whereas TAOC and SOD concentrations were lower (P <0.05). All parameters, except plaque index, increased in pregnant subjects in the third trimester compared to the first trimester, whereas TAOC and SOD levels decreased (P <0.05). Periodontal parameters were highest and TAOC and SOD levels were lowest in the PCP group in the third trimester (P <0.05).Conclusions: Systemic and local GCF AO levels decreased in pregnancy and periodontitis, and AO defense reached the lowest levels in the last phase of pregnancy, whereas periodontal status deteriorated. These results suggest that reduced AO capacity may be associated with adverse periodontitis–pregnancy interactions, and each situation can be a provocative risk factor for the other.
Neutrophil Formylpeptide Receptor Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 348T>C in Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Maney Pooja , Emecen Pinar , Mills John S. , Walters John D. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Neutrophil formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) play an important role in bacterial recognition and chemotaxis. Defective FPR1 expression and impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis toward bacterial formylpeptides are associated with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The objective of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FPR1 are associated with AgP.Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples obtained from African Americans (30 subjects with AgP and 33 healthy controls) and Turks (75 subjects with AgP and 63 healthy controls). A highly polymorphic fragment of the FPR1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for analysis of SNPs.Results: Five previously identified SNPs were detected in African Americans, whereas six were detected in Turkish subjects. The frequency of synonymous SNP c.348T>C was significantly higher in African Americans with AgP than in controls (P = 0.029). The 348T allele was significantly associated with AgP (P = 0.010). Seven of the subjects with AgP, but none of the controls, were homozygous for 348T. FPR1 haplotypes 348T.568A, 348T.576T, and 348T.568A.576T were significantly increased in African Americans with AgP (P <0.02). The Turkish population did not exhibit significant differences in FPR1 SNP frequencies between subjects with AgP and controls.Conclusions: FPR1 SNP c.348T>C is associated with AgP in African Americans. Individuals who are homozygous for 348T may have an increased risk for developing this disorder.
Ability of Supragingival Plaque to Induce Toll‐Like Receptor 4–Mediated Stimulation Is Associated With Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryusuke , Yoshimura Atsutoshi , Yoshioka Hidenobu , Kaneko Takashi , Hara Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2009

Background: In our previous study, we found that the ability of supragingival plaque to induce Toll‐like receptor (TLR)4‐mediated stimulation was positively associated with plaque score and bleeding on probing (BOP) at the sampled sites and that the ability to induce TLR2‐mediated stimulation was negatively associated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Because signaling from TLR leads to the induction of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, we further analyzed the influence of the ability of supragingival plaque to induce TLR2‐/TLR4‐mediated stimulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Methods: The abilities of 125 plaque samples to induce TLR2‐ or TLR4‐mediated stimulation were determined using genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary reporter cells that express a reporter molecule upon activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B through TLR2 or TLR4. PBMCs were stimulated with each plaque sample, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin [IL]‐6 and −8) and an anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The levels of the cytokines produced by PBMCs all correlated with the ability of supragingival plaque to induce TLR4‐mediated stimulation but not with its ability to induce TLR2‐mediated stimulation. Cytokine production was inhibited by an anti‐TLR4 monoclonal antibody and a TLR4 antagonist, compound 406. The levels of cytokines were associated with plaque index, BOP, PD, and CAL at the sampled sites.Conclusions: The production of pro‐/anti‐inflammatory cytokines by PBMCs was associated with the ability of supragingival plaque to induce TLR4‐mediated stimulation. The cytokines induced by supragingival plaque via TLR4 might modulate periodontal status.
Immediate Occlusal Loading of Immediately Placed Implants Supporting Fixed Restorations in Completely Edentulous Arches: A 1‐Year Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Pieri Francesco , Aldini Nicolò Nicoli , Fini Milena , Corinaldesi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2009

Background: The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the efficacy of treatment consisting of the immediate loading of implants placed immediately after tooth extraction in full‐arch restorations and to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of implants placed in healed versus postextraction sites in the same group of patients.Methods: Twenty‐three patients who needed full‐arch restorations were treated. One hundred forty‐four implants were placed: 59 after tooth extraction (test group) and 85 in healed sites (control group). Within 48 to 72 hours of implant placement, nine maxillary and 15 mandibular arches received screw‐retained fixed prostheses, consisting of a titanium framework fabricated with a computer‐aided design and manufacturing techniques and composite resin teeth. The insertion torque for implants was ≥30 Ncm. Implant stability measurements (ISQ) and radiographs of the marginal bone level (MBL) change were performed at prosthesis delivery and after 1 year.Results: One implant in the test group and one implant in the control group failed, giving a cumulative success rate of 98.6%; the prosthesis survival rate was 100%. At the 1‐year follow‐up, no statistically significant difference was found between the control and test sites with respect to MBL change (0.47 ± 0.18 mm versus 0.57 ± 0.27 mm) or mean ISQ values (62.24 ± 1.92 versus 61.34 ± 2.15).Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that immediate loading of implants placed immediately after extraction may be a viable treatment option for edentulous arches when implants are stable at insertion and are rigidly splinted with screw‐retained titanium‐resin prostheses.
The Use of Cancellous Block Allograft for Sinus Floor Augmentation With Simultaneous Implant Placement in the Posterior Atrophic Maxilla
Authors: Chaushu Gavriel , Mardinger Ofer , Calderon Shlomo , Moses Ofer , Nissan Joseph 
Published: March 2009

Background: The simultaneous placement of dental implants during sinus augmentation is advocated in cases in which ≥4 to 5 mm of alveolar bone exists coronally to the sinus floor. The aim of the present study was to assess the survival rate of dental implants placed during sinus augmentation and stabilized by the use of cancellous freeze‐dried block allograft. Residual alveolar ridge height ≤4 mm was an inclusion criteria.Methods: Twenty‐eight consecutive patients (13 females and 15 males) aged between 25 and 65 years (mean, 54 ± 9 years) were referred for implant‐supported reconstruction of the posterior atrophic maxillae. Seventy‐two implants (two to four per patient) were placed. No case presented difficulty in achieving initial stabilization. Relatively small membrane tears (5 to 10 mm) were observed in 21.4% of the sinuses. There were no other clinically evident complications of the sinuses. Sixty‐eight implants were clinically osseointegrated, yielding a 94.4% success rate, whereas four implants were noted to be failed at the second stage. Three months later, implants were inserted at the previously failed implant sites; after 3 additional months, at the second stage, they were diagnosed as osseointegrated. All patients received a fixed implant‐supported prosthesis.Results: The mean follow‐up was 27 months (range, 11 to 46 months). Radiographs taken at the last follow‐up demonstrated that the vertical augmented bone within the sinus ranged from 11 to 14 mm (mean, 12.3 mm). The histologic evaluation showed newly formed bone containing viable osteocytes merged with residual grafted bone, characterized by empty lacunae devoid of osteocytes.Conclusion: The cancellous block allograft seems to possess potential as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.
Osteocyte Density in the Peri‐Implant Bone of Immediately Loaded and Submerged Dental Implants
Authors: Barros Raquel R.M. , Degidi Marco , Novaes Arthur B. , Piattelli Adriano , Shibli Jamil A. , Iezzi Giovanna 
Published: March 2009

Background: The role of osteocytes in bone structure and function remains partially unresolved. Their participation in mechanotransduction, i.e., the conversion of a physical stimulus into a cellular response, has been hypothesized. The present study was an evaluation of the osteocyte density in the peri‐implant bone of immediately loaded and submerged dental implants.Methods: Fourteen male patients were included in the study; all of them were partially edentulous and needed a posterior mandibular restoration. Implants were inserted in these areas; half of the sample was loaded immediately (included in a fixed provisional prosthesis on the same day as implant surgery), whereas the other half was left to heal submerged. Fourteen implants (seven immediately loaded and seven unloaded) were retrieved with a trephine after a healing period of 8 weeks. The specimens were treated to obtain thin ground sections, and histomorphometry was used to evaluate the osteocyte index in the peri‐implant bone.Results: A higher and statistically significant number of osteocytes was found in the peri‐implant bone around immediately loaded implants (P = 0.0081). A correlation between the percentage of bone–implant contact and osteocyte density was found for immediately loaded implants (P = 0.0480) but not for submerged implants (P = 0.2667).Conclusion: The higher number of osteocytes in the peri‐implant bone around immediately loaded implants could be related to the functional adaptation required by the loading stimulus, which also explains the hypothesized involvement of the osteocytes in the maintenance of the bone matrix.