bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for pricing VAR providers in the electricity markets considering voltage security
Authors: El‐Araby E. E. , Yorino Naoto , Zoka Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for procuring VAR service in a competitive market‐based environment, in which the transmission operator (TO) is supposed to run the market and enter into long‐term contracts with the successful candidates for providing the required VAR whenever called upon. The proposed method is new in that the VAR procurement problem and control problem, including load shedding, are uniformly formulated so that N‐1 security is guaranteed. Voltage stability is newly introduced into the VAR market problem in an explicit manner for normal and emergency states. The objective function is the total cost for TO, which includes the payment to VAR providers, power loss cost for normal states, and control costs for emergency states. The explicit inclusion of voltage security margin enables the TO to easily identify the critical VAR providers who should be contracted to maintain the required security level. This implies that the VAR providers in this market will be fairly remunerated on the basis of their contributions to the system security that measures the relative worth of each VAR provider. The proposed method has been applied to the IEEE 57 bus‐system to demonstrate its usefulness. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A heuristic‐based design of robust SMES controller taking system uncertainties into consideration
Authors: Dechanupaprittha Sanchai , Hongesombut Komsan , Watanabe Masayuki , Mitani Yasunori , Ngamroo Issarachai 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a heuristic‐based design of robust superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controller is proposed taking system uncertainties into consideration. The SMES model with active and reactive power controllers is used. In addition, the effect of SMES coil current is also included in the model. The power system and the SMES unit with the designed controller are formulated as an optimization problem. The proposed objective function considers both the damping performance index and the robust stability index. In particular, the robust SMES controller is designed to enhance the system damping performance and robustness against system uncertainties such as various load and system parameter changes. The robust stability margin is guaranteed in terms of the multiplicative stability margin (MSM). In the proposed method, the robust SMES active and reactive power controllers are designed systematically by using hybrid tabu search and evolutionary programming, so that the desired damping performance and the best obtainable MSM are acquired. Finally, the designed SMES controller is examined under different situations to evaluate and confirm the effectiveness and robustness via eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulations. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermodynamic, transport and radiation properties of high‐temperature CF3I and transient conductance of residual arc sustained in axial CF3I flow
Authors: Yokomizu Yasunobu , Suzuki Masato , Matsumura Toshiro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present paper reports fundamental properties of CF3I under high‐temperature conditions to find out the usefulness of CF3I as an arc‐quenching gas. Firstly, particle compositions of CF3I were theoretically calculated in a temperature range from 300 to 30 000 K. Secondly, thermodynamic, transport and radiation properties of the CF3I were also obtained for pressures 0.1–1.0 MPa. Finally, the transient process of a conductance of a residual arc in CF3I was derived to compare with those in other arc‐quenching gases. In addition, an arc extinguishing capability of CF3I in a thermal re‐ignition region was derived to find out whether CF3I shows a higher capability than CO2, N2 and air. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quadratic function expressions and static structure characteristics in power systems
Authors: Zhou Jun , Ohsawa Yasuharu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this study we formulate the power equations of power systems that are operating in their steady states into what we call the dtic and Hermitian power equations in terms of nodal active/reactive powers. These quadratic and Hermitian power equations are then generalized in terms of active/reactive power indices, based on which we complete three tasks: (i) deriving possible eigenvalue/singular‐value inequalities for nodal voltage stability evaluation with or without power flow computations; (ii) examining possible positive/negative definiteness, semi‐definiteness and indefiniteness of power systems that are useful in nodal voltage stability evaluation and convex/concave analysis; and (iii) scrutinizing possible convexity/concavity properties of power systems and their application. The static structure characteristics of power systems are reported here for the first time and theoretical results related to these static structural characteristics are significant in evaluating nodal voltage stability of the power systems quantitatively and qualitatively. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A study on the multiswing instability region using Hopf bifurcation theory considering energy threshold
Authors: Tsuji Takao , Hara Ryoichi , Oyama Tsutomu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTransient stability is treated as one of the important constraints for calculating available transfer capability (ATC), especially in Japan. Therefore, to improve the time required for ATC calculation, development of high‐speed transient stability analysis is required. For this analysis, a screening method that can recognize the serious case of fault will be greatly effective to solve the problem. Many screening methods on the first swing instability are proposed these days. However, a method based on multiswing instability has not been developed and its characteristic is not understood clearly. In this paper, the relationship between the nonlinear limit cycle and the energy function of a power system is examined using the Hopf bifurcation theory. A calculation method, which gives the critical transfer capability considering multiswing instability, is proposed. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electricity peak load forecasting with self‐organizing map and support vector regression
Authors: Fan Shu , Mao Chengxiong , Chen Luonan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper aims to study the short‐term peak load forecasting (PLF) by using Kohonen self‐organizing maps (SOM) and support vector regression (SVR). We first adopt a SOM network to cluster the input data set into several subsets in an unsupervised learning strategy. Then, several SVRs for the next day's peak load are used to fit the training data of each subset in the second stage. In the numerical experiments, data of electricity demand from the New York Independent System Operator (ISO) are used to verify the effectiveness of the prediction for the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed model can predict the next day's peak load with a considerably high accuracy compared with the ISO forecasts. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A design method of generalized minimum variance control in a multi‐rate system
Authors: Sato Takao , Inoue Akira 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGeneralized minimum variance control is designed in a multi‐rate system where the sampling interval of a plant output is longer than the holding interval of a control input. Because new design parameters are introduced, intersample ripples in the multi‐rate system are suppressed by weighting the variation in the control input. Furthermore, the proposed method is an extension of a conventional design method. Finally, simulation results are illustrated in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of information system technologies to power control centers in a liberalized environment
Authors: Fukui Shinta , Asano Toshiaki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the new control centers that are incorporated with information system technologies to handle precise security margins on a wide level and secure information exchange between system operators and other actors emerging in the liberalized electric power supply environment in progress. To further realize the system stress analysis by high‐speed processing, symmetric multi processor (SMP) servers are adopted through cost‐effective performance from the standpoint of investment protection. The performance improvements and observations are shown with processing time measurements according to the peculiarity of the power system analysis software packages embedded in the client‐server‐based energy management system (EMS). To cope with malicious intrusions into the cyber space through data links with outside information systems, an information exchange method using tough Internet protocol (IP) separation between information system and control system portions is also presented using a practical example, with cyber security strictly maintained among the other internal information systems in an electric power utility. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nonstationary optimal servo control realizing smooth switching from velocity servo to position servo—experimental study
Authors: Hara Susumu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn mechanical structures such as information precision machinery, the switching from a Velocity Servo controller to a Position Servo controller is often utilized. The author has already proposed a unified design method for both the servo controllers on the basis of a single time‐varying criterion function. Its effectiveness has been verified by numerical calculations. This letter demonstrates the effectiveness of the method experimentally. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How to stop time stopping
Authors: Bowman Howard , Gómez Rodolfo 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Zeno-timelocks constitute a challenge for the formal verification of timed automata: they are difficult to detect, and the verification of most properties (e.g., safety) is only correct for timelock-free models. Some time ago, Tripakis proposed a syntactic check on the structure of timed automata: if a certain condition (called strong non-zenoness’ SNZ) is met by all the loops in a given automaton, then zeno-timelocks are guaranteed not to occur. Checking for SNZ is efficient, and compositional (if all components in a network of automata are strongly non-zeno, then the network is free from zeno-timelocks). Strong non-zenoness, however, is sufficient-only: There exist non-zeno specifications which are not strongly non-zeno. A TCTL formula is known that represents a sufficient-and-necessary condition for non-zenoness; unfortunately, this formula requires a demanding model-checking algorithm, and not all model-checkers are able to express it. In addition, this algorithm provides only limited diagnostic information. Here we propose a number of alternative solutions. First, we show that the compositional application of SNZ can be weakened: some networks can be guaranteed to be free from Zeno-timelocks, even if not every component is strongly non-zeno. Secondly, we present new syntactic, sufficient-only conditions that complement SNZ. Finally, we describe a sufficient-and-necessary condition that only requires a simple form of reachability analysis. Furthermore, our conditions identify the cause of zeno-timelocks directly on the model, in the form of unsafe loops. We also comment on a tool that we have developed, which implements the syntactic checks on Uppaal models. The tool is also able to derive, from those unsafe loops in a given automaton (in general, an Uppaal model representing a product automaton of a given network), the reachability formulas that characterise the occurrence of zeno-timelocks. A modified version of the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection protocol is used as a case-study.
Survival After Neoadjuvant Therapy Compared with Surgery Alone for Resectable Esophageal Cancer in a Population‐based Study
Authors: Rouvelas Ioannis , Zeng Wenyi , Lindblad Mats , Viklund Pernilla , Ye Weimin , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy remains the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer, but the cure rate is low. Neoadjuvant therapy has been tried in attempts to prolong survival and reduce tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes with and without neoadjuvant treatment for resectable esophageal cancer in a population‐based setting.MethodsAll 1,155 patients treated with esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Sweden in 1987 through 2000 with or without neoadjuvant therapy were identified and followed up in nationwide registers up to 18 October 2004. Tumor characteristics and response to neoadjuvant treatment were obtained from histopathological reports. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential confounding factors were calculated by a Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsOverall survival was similar in the groups with and without neoadjuvant therapy (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86–1.16). The 3‐year survival rates were 34.6% and 32.0%, respectively. Survival was better among the 27.6% of the neoadjuvant group with a complete histopathological response (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.94) compared with the surgery only group. Patients without complete response to neoadjuvant therapy had seemingly poorer survival (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94–1.29).ConclusionsSurgical outcomes with and without neoadjuvant therapy were equivalent. Only patients with a complete histopathological response after neoadjuvant treatment had better survival.
Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis by Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemoperfusion (IHCP): Postoperative Outcome and Risk Factors for Morbidity
Authors: Roviello Franco , Marrelli Daniele , Neri Alessandro , Cerretani Daniela , de Manzoni Giovanni , Pedrazzani Corrado , Cioppa Tommaso , Nastri Giacomo , Giorgi Giorgio , Pinto Enrico 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundCytoreductive surgery with limited or extended peritonectomy associated with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion (IHCP) has been proposed for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from abdominal neoplasms.MethodsFifty‐nine patients with PC from abdominal neoplasms underwent 61 treatments using this technique from January 2000 to August 2005. Surgical debulking, completed by partial or total peritonectomy, was performed in most cases. In 16 patients with positive peritoneal cytology without macroscopic peritoneal disease, IHCP was performed in order to prevent peritoneal recurrence. IHCP was carried out throughout the abdominopelvic cavity for 60 minutes using a closed abdomen technique. Intra‐abdominal temperature ranged between 41°C and 43°C; mitomycin C (25 mg/mq) and cisplatin (100 mg/mq) were the anticancer drugs generally used, and they were administered with a flow rate of 700–800 ml/minute.ResultsMean hospital stay was 13 ± 7 (range 7–49) days. Postoperative complications occurred in 27 patients (44.3%); of these, major morbidity was observed in 17 (27.9%). The most frequent complications were wound infection (9 cases), grade 2 or greater hematological toxicity (5 cases), intestinal fistula (5 cases), and pleural effusion requiring drainage (5 cases). Reoperation was necessary in 5 patients (8.2%). One patient with multiorgan failure died in the postoperative period (mortality rate: 1.6%). Multivariate analysis of several variables identified completeness of cancer resection (CCR‐2/3 vs. CCR‐0/1, relative risk: 9.27) and age (relative risk: 1.06 per year) as independent predictors of postoperative morbidity. Preliminary follow‐up data indicate that survival probability may be high in patients with ovarian or colorectal cancer and low in patients with gastric cancer.ConclusionsIHCP combined with cytoreductive surgery involves a high risk of morbidity, but postoperative complications could be resolved favorably in most cases with correct patient selection and adequate postoperative care. Tumor residual and advanced age significantly increase the risk of morbidity after this procedure.
Organizational Cultural Competency: Shifting Programs for Latino Immigrants from a Client‐Centered to a Community‐Based Orientation
Authors: Uttal Lynet 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses how the organizational cultural competency of social service agencies may be improved by shifting the philosophy of service delivery from a client‐centered to a community‐based orientation. This analysis is based on two years of fieldwork and interviews that were conducted as part of an action research project initially developed to increase the number of certified Spanish speaking Latino family childcare providers and knowledge about Latino immigrant families in the Midwest. In developing a culturally‐specific certification program in Spanish, both the Latino participants and the bilingual program director challenged the agency to consider how the social context and social location of its participants required a more holistic community approach.
Mobilizing Residents for Action: The Role of Small Wins and Strategic Supports
Authors: Foster-Fishman Pennie G. , Fitzgerald Katie , Brandell Cherise , Nowell Branda , Chavis David , Van Egeren Laurie A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractYes we can! is a community‐building initiative funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation that aims to improve educational and economic outcomes in Battle Creek, Michigan by mobilizing low‐income communities and resident leaders and building their capacity to influence the decisions and policies that impact their lives. This paper describes the strategies pursued during the first phase of this initiative to foster resident mobilization by building small wins within the neighborhood. Primarily through a neighborhood‐based mini‐grant program and staff supports to encourage collective action, Yes we can! has started to increase levels of resident mobilization within the seven economically distressed neighborhoods that initially partnered with the W. K. Kellogg Foundation on this effort. The specific programming components and how they were implemented as well as the initial successes experienced are described. Lessons learned are discussed.
The role of counselling and communication skills: how can they enhance a patient's ‘first day’ experience?
Authors: Martin K.-L. , Hodgson D. 
Published: September 2006

A patient arriving for their first Radiotherapy appointment can exhibit an array of behaviours, such as anxiety or aggression, which are generated by intense emotions. Each patient will have their own individual concerns and their needs should be addressed, to make their first experience in the Radiotherapy Department as smooth and stress free as possible.The radiographer's role at this point is undoubtedly to provide patients with information, whilst demonstrating a compassionate and genuine nature. This can make all the difference to the way a patient reacts and copes with the entire course of radiotherapy.The skills that will allow a radiographer to handle these situations are, in the first instance; good communication skills, but in addition to this the development of some basic counselling skills could further enhance patient care.The aim of this article is to discuss the benefits of utilising basic counselling skills to create the best environment possible for the patient, and possibly answer some questions about their legitimate nature.
Thermo-luminescent dosimeter evaluation of extra-target dose in intensity modulated sequential tomotherapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fuller C.D. , Thomas C.R. , Wong A. , Voeltz L. , Salter B.J. , Fuss M. 
Published: September 2006

The proximity of abdominal tumors to non-target organs has motivated exploration of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), with its demonstrated capability to create conformal dose gradients, in abdominal tumors. However, substantial extra-target dose may be observed to radiosensitive organs remote from the treatment field.We present dosimetric data from two patients receiving abdominal IMRT using a sequential tomotherapy technique, demonstrating substantial dose to extra-target organs.
Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects
Authors: SAVARD JOSÉE , SIMARD SÉBASTIEN , GIGUÈRE ISABELLE , IVERS HANS , MORIN CHARLES M. , MAUNSELL ELIZABETH , GAGNON PIERRE , ROBERT JEAN , MARCEAU DANIÈLE 
Published: September 2006

Objective:Depression is particularly prevalent in patients with advanced cancer. Cognitive therapy (CT) is an empirically supported treatment for depression in the general population. However, efficacy remains to be demonstrated in patients with advanced cancer. A prior controlled trial of CT in a group format showed improvements in depression, mood disturbance, and self-esteem; however, these effects were not maintained over time. Studies examining the efficacy of individual format CT interventions that may ensure more long-term maintenance of benefits are necessary. This study assessed the efficacy of CT for depression administered individually in women with metastatic breast cancer and its effect on immune function.Method: Forty-five women were randomly assigned to either individual CT or to a waiting-list control (WLC) condition. CT was composed of eight weekly sessions of CT and three booster sessions administered at 3-week intervals following the end of treatment.Results: Patients treated with CT had significantly lower scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at posttreatment compared to untreated patients. Pooled data from both groups indicated significant reductions of depressive symptoms from pre- to posttreatment, as well as reduction of associated symptoms including anxiety, fatigue, and insomnia symptoms. These effects were well sustained at the 3- and 6-month follow-up evaluations. CT for depression did not appear to have a significant impact on immune functioning.Significance of results: Findings of this study support the efficacy of CT for depression in this population and suggest that the administration of individual and booster sessions after treatment termination may be instrumental in sustaining the treatment effects over time.