bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Conjugated Polymer Supramolecules in Electrospun Micro/Nanofibers
Authors: Yoon Jaewon , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA combination of top‐down (electrospinning for fabrication of high surface area micro/nanofibers) and bottom‐up (creation of supramolecular structures through self‐assembly processes in fiber) approaches has enabled the generation of conjugated polymer‐embedded fibers. The efficiency of fiber formation, encapsulated with colorimetric, and fluorogenic conjugated polydiacetylene supramolecules, was dependent on electrospinning conditions, such as concentration, molecular weight, type of matrix polymer, and solvent. In general, electrospinning of a chloroform solution containing 1.6 wt.‐% of a diacetylene monomer and 4 wt.‐% PEO of molecular weight 300 000 g · mol−1 followed by 254 nm UV irradiation resulted in clean formation of polydiacetylene‐embedded fibers. In addition, UV irradiation during electrospinning can be used for in situ and continuous generation of polydiacetylenes‐encapsulated fibers.magnified image
An experimental test of brand insulation against competitor attacks: Effects of consumer heterogeneity and residual desire
Authors: DelVecchio Devon , Heath Timothy B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPrice discounts generally move consumers from lower‐quality brands to higher‐quality brands more than from higher‐quality brands to lower‐quality brands. This asymmetry can reverse, however, to favor the lower‐quality brand when improvements are made to product quality. Whether such variations exist when the goal is to retain rather than steal customers remains untested and constitutes the focus of this study. Experimental results indicate that customer retention strategies tend to favor higher‐quality brands. Higherquality brands are able to retain customers by matching the form of the lower‐quality brand's attack (price reduction or quality improvement). For lower‐quality brands, matching is effective only in the case of a price attack by a higher‐quality brand. Furthermore, higher‐quality brands are able to effectively retain customers with price reductions that are smaller than the discount offered by a lower‐quality competitor, whereas lower‐quality brands must match the magnitude of a discount by a higher‐quality brand to retain customers. The findings suggest that differences in customer retention across quality levels arise from (1) heterogeneity among consumers of different quality levels in the relative weightings of price and quality, and (2) switching decisions based on reasons that are biased toward continuing to purchase, or moving to, higher quality products. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutation analysis of Parkin, PINK1, DJ‐1 and ATP13A2 genes in Chinese patients with autosomal recessive early‐onset Parkinsonism
Authors: Guo Ji‐Feng , Xiao Bin , Liao Bing , Zhang Xue‐Wei , Nie Li‐Luo , Zhang Yu‐Hu , Shen Lu , Jiang Hong , Xia Kun , Pan Qian , Yan Xin‐Xiang , Tang Bei‐Sha 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAutosomal recessive early‐onset Parkinsonism (AREP) has been associated with mutations in the Parkin, PINK1, DJ‐1, and ATP13A2 genes. We studied the prevalence of mutations in all four genes in 29 Chinese unrelated families with AREP using direct sequencing analysis and real‐time quantitative PCR analysis assay. There are 14 families (48.3%) with mutations of Parkin gene, 2 families (6.9%) with mutations of PINK1 gene, and 1 family (3.4%) with mutation of DJ‐1 gene. No pathogenic mutations in ATP13A2 gene were found in these families. Three Parkin gene mutations (c.G859T, c.1069‐1074delGTGTCC, and c.T1422C) and one DJ‐1 gene mutation (c.T29C) have not been reported previously. In conclusion, Parkin gene mutation is the most common pathogenic factor in Chinese patients with AREP. Mutations of DJ‐1 and PINK1 gene are also found in Chinese families with AREP. Mutations in ATP13A2 gene may be rare in Chinese families with AREP. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Extracting more information from behaviour checklists by using components of mean based scores
Authors: Taffe John R. , Tonge Bruce J. , Gray Kylie M. , Einfeld Stewart L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSums of responses to behaviour checklist items are commonly used as outcome measures. We argue for the use of mean scores. For sets of responses registering absence and presence at different levels of intensity of behaviours we also show that mean scores may usefully be ‘decomposed’ into separate measures of the range and the intensity of problematic behaviours. These separate measures are the proportion of items positively endorsed and the ‘intensity index’ – the proportion of positive scores that are above one. We illustrate their use with primary outcome scores from the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC) in the Australian Child to Adult Development Study. The low mean scores of young people with profound intellectual disability are shown to be a function of the narrow range of behaviours they display rather than of the level of intensity of these behaviours, which is relatively high. Change over time in mean scores is shown to be attributable to change in both the range and the intensity of behaviours as young people age in the study. We show how the technique of measuring these two separate strands contributing to mean scores may be applied to checklists with sets of responses longer than the zero, one, two of the DBC. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule used in the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
Authors: Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Ormel J. , De Graaf R. , Vilagut G. , Alonso J. , Van Sonderen E. , Vollebergh W. A. M. ,   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, and discriminatory validity of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) version used in the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). In total 8796 adults were assessed using the ESEMeD WHODAS (22 severity and 8 frequency items). An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with promax rotation was done with a random 50%. The other half was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) comparing models (a) suggested by EFA; (b) hypothesized a priori; and (c) reduced with four items. A CFA model with covariates was conducted in the whole sample to assess invariance across Mediterranean (Spain, France and Italy) and non‐Mediterranean (Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands) countries. Cronbach's alphas and discriminatory validity were also examined. EFA identified seven factors (explained variance: 80%). The reduced model (six factors, four frequency items excluded) presented the best fit [Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI) = 0.992, Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.996, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.024]. The second‐order factor structure also fitted well (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.036). Measurement non‐invariance was found for Embarrassment. Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.84 for Participation to 0.93 for Mobility. Preliminary data suggest acceptable discriminatory validity. Thus, the ESEMeD WHODAS may well be a valuable shortened version of the WHODAS‐II, but future users should reconsider the filter questions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of psycholeptic and psychoanaleptic medicine use in an adult general population sample using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification
Authors: John U. , Baumeister S. E. , Völzke H. , Grabe H. J. , Freyberger H. J. , Alte D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLittle is known about psycholeptic and psychoanaleptic medicine (PM) use in the general population. This study presents prevalence data about PM use. The sample included 4310 individuals aged 20–79 from a general population health examination in a northern German area (participation proportion: 68.8%; Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP). Medicines taken during the past seven days were assessed from the medicine packages or self‐reports and classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification developed by the World Health Organization. In total, 6.3% of the sample reported PM intake, 8.7% of the women and 4.7% of the men. During the past 12 months prior to the health examination, 49.2% of the individuals with PM use consulted a general practitioner but not a neurologist or a psychiatrist. Among the study participants with PM use, 88.8% had one or more mental disorders during lifetime according to a screening questionnaire. It is concluded that considerable proportions of individuals with current PM use exist although lower than may be expected on the basis of the number of individuals with mental disorder in the general population. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional intelligence, alexithymia and borderline personality disorder traits in young adults
Authors: Webb Daniel , McMurran Mary 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground A relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has recently been identified. EI has also been found to overlap considerably with alexithymia, a construct associated with emotion processing and emotion regulation. EI and alexithymia may further our understanding of the relationship between emotion processing, emotion regulation and BPD.Aims We examined the relationships between EI, alexithymia and BPD traits, hypothesizing that EI and alexithymia would correlate negatively with each other, that EI would correlate negatively with BPD traits and that alexithymia would correlate positively with BPD traits. We also hypothesized that low EI and high alexithymia would predict BPD traits.Method A sample of 134 male and female university students completed the Bar‐On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ‐i:S), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20) and the Personality Assessment Inventory‐Borderline Scale (PAI‐BOR). Relationships were examined using correlation and multiple regression.Results The EQ‐i:S and the TAS‐20 correlated moderately with each other. None of the EQ‐i:S scales predicted PAI‐BOR. The TAS‐20 total significantly predicted PAI‐BOR.Conclusions The relationship between alexithymia and BPD suggest that difficulty identifying, differentiating, understanding and communicating emotions and feelings (somatic sensations) impairs ability to regulate emotions. It may be that an inability to discriminate emotions and somatic sensations explains why people with BPD who are distressed use deliberate self‐harm as a means to emotion regulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear and A2+B3‐type hyperbranched polyesters comprising phenylbenzothiazole unit: Preparation, liquid crystalline, and optical properties
Authors: Sato Moriyuki , Nakashima Atsushi , Sato Yuzuru , Yamaguchi Isao 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNovel liquid crystalline (LC) hyperbranched (HB) polyesters comprising phenylbenzothiazole (PBT) unit as mesogen in the interiors were prepared at various feed mole ratios (A2/B3) by solution polycondensation of a dioxydiundecanol derivative of PBT (A2 monomer) with trimesic acid trimethyl ester (B3 monomer) via A2+B3 approach and their LC and optical properties were investigated. Analogous linear polyesters containing the PBT unit in the main chains were also prepared by the solution polycondensation of A2 monomer with aromatic or aliphatic dimethyl esters. FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopies indicated that the HB polyesters are produced without gelation during the polycondensation and have degree of branching (DB) of 7–46%. The structures of HB polymers changed depending on the feed mole ratios and the polymer prepared in the mole ratio of A2/B3 = 3/2 had the highest inherent viscosity and DB. Acetylation of terminal OH group‐having HB polyesters prepared in excess mole ratios of A2/B3 afforded ones bearing acetoxy groups in the terminals. DSC measurements, polarizing microscope observations of textures, and X‐ray analyses suggested that only the terminal OH group‐having HB polymer prepared in the mole ratio of A2/B3 = 3/1 form smectic C phase. In the linear polymers, the polymers derived by using the aromatic dimethyl esters had no LC melt, but those from the aliphatic dimethyl esters formed LC smectic C phase. The acetoxy group‐bearing HB polymers showed more stable smectic A or C phase than those with the OH terminals. Solution UV‐vis and photoluminescent (PL) spectra indicated that the linear and the HB polymers have analogous optical properties and display maximum absorbances and blue‐light emission on the basis of the PBT unit, where the Stokes shifts were observed because of intermolecular aggregation effects, but there is a large difference between the optical behaviors of the linear and the HB polymers in film, whose Eg values of the linear polymers decreased and those of the HB polymers vice versa. Quantum efficiencies (Φ) had a tendency of increase in the linear polymers and the HB polymers forming LC phases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6688–6702, 2008
Silicon‐containing azo polymers with paired mesogens and their applications to optical memory media
Authors: Lee Min‐Jeong , Ji Han‐Na , Han Yang‐Kyoo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe synthesized a novel photoresponsive monomer, silicon‐containing azo monomer with paired mesogens in the side chain, by reacting 3‐methacryloxypropylmethyldichlorosilane with 2‐[2‐(4‐cyano‐azobenzene‐4′‐oxy)ethylene‐oxy]ethyl alcohol, a mesogenic group. Corresponding homopolymer and copolymers with methyl methacrylate were generated via radical polymerization with AIBN as a radical initiator. Investigations of their thermal properties and optical textures confirmed the monomer and the homopolymer have smectic structures. Homo‐ and copolymer films showed high potential as reversible data recording media via photoinduced alignment of azobenzene groups with irradiation of a linearly or circularly polarized light. Out of all the samples, the copolymer films with high azo dye contents showed the best resolution in the recorded data as well as the fastest response to a pump beam due to large optical birefringence induced in a write‐in process. Strong dependence of the stability of the data stored in the films on the glass transition temperature of the polymers was also observed. In addition, high‐quality holographic grating patterns were inscribed even on the copolymer film with azo molar content of only 7.0% using a modified two‐wave mixing technique. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6734–6745, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of fluorene‐based copolymers containing benzothiadiazole derivative for light‐emitting diodes applications
Authors: Yoon Kyung‐Jin , Park Jin Su , Lee Seung‐Joon , Song Myungkwan , Shin In Ae , Lee Jae Wook , Gal Yeong‐Soon , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFive new thermally robust electroluminescent fluorene‐based conjugated copolymers, including poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐co‐4,7‐{5,6‐bis(3,7‐dimethyloctyloxymethyl)‐2,1,3‐(benzothiadiazole)}] (PFO‐P2C10BT) were synthesized and used to fabricate the efficient polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). The glass transition temperatures of the polymers were found to be higher than that of poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorenes) and are in the range 113–165 °C. We fabricated PLEDs in indium‐tin oxide/PEDOT/light‐emitting polymer/cathode configurations using either double‐layer LiF/Al or triple‐layer Alq3/LiF/Al cathode structures. The new copolymers were found to have emission colors that vary from greenish blue (491 nm) to green (543 nm) depending on the copolymer composition. The maximum brightness and luminance efficiency of these PLEDs were found to be up to 5347 cd/m2 and 1.51 cd/A at 10 V, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6762–6769, 2008
Acceptability and repeatability of spirometry in children using updated ATS/ERS criteria
Authors: Loeb Jeffrey S. , Blower Walter C. , Feldstein Julie F. , Koch Beth A. , Munlin Asia L. , Hardie William D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSpirometry in pediatrics can be limited by the child's development which is usually related to age. In 2005 the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) published updated quality control criteria for spirometry. In 2007 the ATS/ERS published specific criteria for spirometry in preschool children 6 years of age and younger. Our primary objective was to determine the influence of age on the ability of children to meet updated spirometry criteria for acceptable and repeatable tests. Our second objective was to determine which criteria are associated with unacceptable tests. Data was prospectively collected over 12 months for children 4–17 years of age performing spirometry for the first time. Unsuccessful tests were analyzed to determine specific criteria not achieved. Three hundred ninety‐three studies were collected and 292 (74%) met recently revised ATS/ERS criteria for acceptable and repeatable tests. Acceptable and repeatable test success was not correlated to the gender or race of the children. The percentage of acceptable and repeatable spirometry increased with age rising above 50% by age 6 and reached a plateau with approximately 85% success at age 10. The most common unmet criteria for an unacceptable study among preschool children was glottic closure and non‐maximal efforts, while in school‐age children was failure to plateau. These data demonstrate most children are able to perform acceptable/repeatable spirometry with their first effort based on revised ATS/ERS criteria. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1020–1024. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applied aspects of neonicotinoid uses in crop protection
Authors: Elbert Alfred , Haas Matthias , Springer Bernd , Thielert Wolfgang , Nauen Ralf 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNeonicotinoid insecticides comprise seven commercially marketed active ingredients: imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and dinotefuran. The technical profiles and main differences between neonicotinoid insecticides, including their spectrum of efficacy, are described: use for vector control, systemic properties and versatile application forms, especially seed treatment. New formulations have been developed to optimize the bioavailability of neonicotinoids through improved rain fastness, better retention and spreading of the spray deposit on the leaf surface, combined with higher leaf penetration. Combined formulations with pyrethroids and other insecticides are also being developed with the aim of broadening the insecticidal spectrum of neonicotinoids and to replace WHO Class I products from older chemical classes. These innovative developments for life‐cycle management, jointly with the introduction of generic products, will, within the next few years, turn neonicotinoids into the most important chemical class in crop protection. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Sulfur dichloride diadducts of unsaturated fatty derivatives. I. preparation and oxidation
Authors: Grimm Robert A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSulfur dichloride diadducts of oleate esters, oleylnitrile, elaidate esters and ethyl linoleate were prepared by addition of the theoretical amount of sulfur dichloride to the fatty derivative. Similar diadducts were also prepared from commercial oleate esters including esters of ADM's monoenoic acid. Several of the resultingβ,β' ‐dichlorosulfide diesters were then oxidized with peracetic acid to β,β' ‐dichlorosulfoxide diesters and to β,β' ‐dichlorosulfone diesters. The latter materials were converted to the divinyl sulfone diacids.Cis andtrans‐2‐butene were used as model compounds for studying the addition of sulfur dichloride to oleates and elaidates respectively. The results on these systems, which paralleled the results with the fatty materials, indicated that substitution reactions were negligible and that the addition was stereoselective, that is, oleates and elaidates gave stereochemically different products.
Production of Low Acid Value Edible Oil with Reduced TFAs by Electrochemical Hydrogenation in a Diaphragm Reactor
Authors: Fu Hong , Yang Lin , Yuan Huijun , Xiao Feiyan , Lo Y. Martin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA new diaphragm electrochemical system was devised and tested for hydrogenation of soybean oil under moderate processing temperature and atmospheric pressure. With proper loading of the catalyst Pd‐C, the reactor was operated successfully for 6 h and yielded hydrogenated soybean oil containing 8.62% TFAs with an IV of 88.86 g I2/100 g oil and an AV of 0.7 mg KOH/g oil. The low AV (acid value) of the hydrogenated oil, indicative of the oxidization tendency of the oil, is highly desirable from the industrial application standpoint. The low specific isomerization index was reached with 0.4 mol/L of formate ions at pH 5.0 under 60 °C using a constant applied current density (10 mA/cm2). The extent of hydrogenation was found to increase with increasing current density, formate ion concentration, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and speed of agitation. It was characterized that the extent of hydrogenation under low pH (2.0–5.0) was controlled by the regeneration of formate ion, whereas under high pH (6.0–10.0) the hydrogenation was influenced strongly by the formate ion stability.
Cohomologically rigid vector fields: the Katok conjecture in dimension 3
Authors: Kocsard Alejandro 
Published: September 2008

A smooth vector field

X

on a closed orientable

d

-manifold

M

is said to be
cohomologically rigid
when given any

\xi \in C^{\infty }(M,\mathbb{R})

, there exist

u\in C^{\infty }(M,\mathbb{R})

and

c\in \mathbb{R}

satisfying

\mathcal{L}_{X}u = \xi −c,

where

\mathcal{L}_{X}

is the Lie derivative in the

X

direction. In 1984, Anatole Katok conjectured that every cohomologically rigid vector field should be smoothly conjugated to a Diophantine vector field on the

d

-torus

\mathbb{T}^{d}

. In this work the validity of the Katok conjecture for 3-manifolds is proved.

Résumé

Un champ de vecteurs

X

sur une variété

M

compacte orientable de dimension

d

est dit
cohomologiquement rigide
si pour toute fonction

\xi \in C^{\infty }(M,\mathbb{R})

il existe

u \in C^{\infty }(M,\mathbb{R})

et

c \in \mathbb{R}

tels que

\mathcal{L}_{X}u = \xi −c,

où

\mathcal{L}_{X}

désigne la dérivée de Lie dans la direction de

X

. En 1984, Anatole Katok a conjecturé que tout champ de vecteurs cohomologiquement rigide devrait être conjugué par un difféomorphisme lisse à un champ linéaire diophantien sur le tore

\mathbb{T}^{d}

. Dans ce travail nous démontrons la conjecture de Katok pour les variétés de dimension trois.