bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation Experiences and Other Emotional Traumata in Childhood, and Their Relationship To Subsequent Adolescent Breakdown
Authors: Haslam M.T. 
Published: August 2007

This paper forms part of an M.D. Thesis presented at the University of Cambridge. One hundred adolescents and their parents were interviewed to ascertain details of their early history. Fifty were obtained from adolescent patients in psychiatric units in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and were compared with fifty matched individuals who had no psychiatric history, obtained from other departments in the hospital. A comparison of these two groups showed a significantly higher incidence of separation experiences in the childhood of the patient group than in the control group. This was also true of other traumatic events occurring in childhood. These factors also related adversely to prognosis in a two year follow-up of the patient group.
The Trigamist Syndrome
Authors: Bierer Joshua 
Published: August 2007

A BIGAMIST is a MAN who is "legally" married to two women. A "TRIGAMIST" (according to my definition) is a PERSON who is "married" (in the sense of being deeply attached) three times over to such an extent that there is little or no room left for a "permanent" commitment. The three "marriages" are to: a) a parent b) an occupation c) an ideal figure which exists only in the mind of the beholder. Parts of this syndrome have been described separately in scientific and literary form innumerable times but the syndrome as a WHOLE has never been recognised or described in spite of the fact that it is responsible for influencing millions of human relationships and destroying the life of countless people.
Regional Variations in the Characteristics of Victims of Violence
Authors: Hudson R. Page , Humphrey John A. , Kupferer Harriet J. 
Published: August 2007

This paper investigates variations in the characteristics of victims of violence in the four regions of North Carolina: the mountains, piedmont, coastal plains, and tidewater. Distinct patterns of homicide and suicide are found in each of these regions. The montains are characterized by high rates of suicide and low rates of homicide, while the coastal plains are marked by an opposite pattern, high homicide and low suicide. The two remaining regions of North Carolina, the piedmont and tidewater, have similar violence patterns. The piedmont has slightly higher rates of both homicide and suicide than the tidewater; however, both exhibit positive relationships between homicide and suicide rates. Socio-cultural dimensions of each of these regions are outlined. Those variables which differentiate areas having opposite violence patterns are isolated. Also, similarities between other regions manifesting comparable rates of homicide and suicide are cited. Within the socio-cultural context of each region, an examination of the variations in the characteristics of victims of violence is made. These characteristics include: age, sex, marital status, race, occupation, time of injury, means of death type of premise of injury and, where applicable, type of weapon used.
Homicide and Suicide Among the Cherokee and Lubee Indians of North Carolina
Authors: Humphrey John A. , Kupferer Harriet J. 
Published: August 2007

The Cherokee and Lumbee, the two major Indian populations in North Carolina, have exhibited similarities in patterns of homicide and suicide. Both Indian populations have higher rates of homicidal than of suicidal death. Yet in 1972-73, the Lumbee homicide rates was considerably higher than that for the Cherokee, but the Cherokee's suicide rate exceeded that for the Lumbee. During 1974-1976, the Cherokee manifested excessively high rates of violent death, with suicide increasing faster than homicide. The Lumbee homicide rate declined during this period, while the suicide rate increased. Lumbee violence patterns indicate a slight dissipation of cultural traits that predispose them to aggressive behaviour and the concomitant emergence of a trend toward self- destructive behaviour. The rise in Cherokee suicide rate may be consistent with the harmony Ethic of some tribe members, but the sharp increase in homicide may reflect the erosion of the traditional non-violent ethic among the band as a whole.
Scaling descriptors for language proficiency scales
Authors: North Brian , Schneider Günther 
Published: August 2007

This paper reports results from a Swiss National Science Research Council project which aimed to develop a scale of language proficiency in the form of a ‘descriptor bank’. Up until now, most scales of language proficiency have been produced by appeal to intuition and to those scales which already exist rather than to theories of linguistic description or of measurement. The intention in this project was to use an item-banking methodology to develop a flexible scale of stand-alone criterion statements with known difficulty values.The project took place in two rounds: the first for English (1994), the second for French, German and English (1995). In each year pools of descriptors were produced by analysing available proficiency scales. Through workshops with representative teachers, the descriptors were then refined into stand-alone criterion statements considered to be clear, useful and relevant to the sectors concerned. Selected descriptors presented on questionnaires were then used by participating teachers to assess the proficiency of learners in their classes. This data was used to scale the descriptors using the Rasch rating scale model. The difficulty estimates for the descriptors produced in relation to English in 1994 proved remarkably stable in relation to French, German and English in 1995.
Development of an analytic rating scale for Japanese L1 writing
Authors: Sasaki Miyuki , Hirose Keiko 
Published: August 2007

The present study developed an analytic rating scale for Japanese university students’ first language (L1) expository writing. Research proceeded in four stages. In Stage 1, we devised a questionnaire to investigate Japanese L1 teachers’ criteria for evaluating expository writing. A total of 102 teachers responded to the questionnaire, and rated the 35 related descriptions according to their importance. In Stage 2, based on the questionnaire results, we either eliminated or reorganized these 35 descriptions under six analytic criteria: 1) Clarity of the theme; 2) Appeal to the readers; 3) Expression; 4) Organization; 5) Knowledge of language forms; and 6) Social awareness. Then, in Stage 3, we attempted to investigate possible weighting of these six criteria. We asked 106 teachers to rate two to four compositions with varied profiles using both a holistic scale and the obtained analytic scale. The results showed that the explanatory power of each criterion can vary from composition to composition, and thus we concluded that the six criteria should have equal weighting. Finally, in Stage 4, we pilot-tested the obtained scale using a new set of 69 compositions. The results indicate that the present scale is both valid and reliable, and that it is superior to a traditional analytic scale in capturing such composition qualities as appeal to the readers and social awareness.
Use of Pubic Symphysis Curettage for Treatment-Resistant Osteitis Pubis in Athletes
Authors: Radic Ross , Annear Peter 
Published: August 2007

Background In athletes, osteitis pubis is regarded as a problem of overuse, with instability and movement of the anterior pelvis. There is no evidence to conclusively support any treatment modality. Recovery with nonoperative management can take an extended period of time, often unsatisfactory for professional athletes. Hypothesis Curettage of the pubic symphysis is a viable option for nonoperative treatment of resistant osteitis pubis in athletes. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods This retrospective study presents the results of curettage of the pubic symphysis in 23 athletes with osteitis pubis that was refractory to initial nonoperative therapies. Patients met the criteria for the study if they had symptoms suggestive of osteitis pubis and underwent isolated pubic symphysis curettage. The discomfort had been present for a mean of 13.22 months before presentation. Patients were reviewed at 24.31 months (range, 12.5–59.6 months) postoperatively. Twelve of the patients also underwent a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan at 19.10 months; any findings of residual osteitis pubis were noted. Results Mean visual analog scale for pain improved from 6.9 preoperatively to 2.8 postoperatively ( P = .36). Twenty-one patients returned to pain-free running by 3.14 months (range, 1.5–6 months), 17 to training by 4.44 months (range, 2.5–7 months), and 16 to full activity by 5.63 months (range, 2.5–12 months). Overall, 61% of patients reported an activity grade of 4 at postoperative review, defined as no pain with full activity. There were no significant postoperative complications in the study group. Marrow edema improved in most cases for which magnetic resonance imaging was available preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient satisfaction with the procedure was high, with 78% of participants feeling their symptoms were better or much better than preoperatively. Conclusion The authors suggest that this relatively simple procedure can be of significant benefit to those athletes wishing to return to their previous levels of physical activity when more nonoperative measures have proven unsuccessful.
What cannot be seen will not be heard: the production of landscape in Moline, Illinois
Authors: Crump Jeff R. 
Published: August 2007

The landscape of downtown Moline, Illinois, has been completely remade in the last 20 years. Once the preeminent location of the farm implement industry, the deindustrialization of the 1980s left the city with over 30 acres of abandoned factories along the Mississippi River. Led by the dominant corporate actor, Deere & Company, the area has been reconstructed and now features sites for cultural consumption, service-based employment, heritage tourism and a revitalized manufacturing base. Just outside the new landscape of Moline lies its counterpart: a food bank, substandard housing for immigrant workers, a new prison and abandoned factories. This article argues that economic crisis, in this case deindustrialization, undermined the local power of the working class and allowed business elites, led by John Deere, to have a free hand in remaking the landscape of downtown Moline. The new ‘post-industrial’ landscape serves many purposes: to revive capital accumulation, to serve as an image maker for Deere & Company, and to function as an economic development strategy based on tourism.
Unruly Allies: British Problems with the French Treatment of Axis Prisoners of War, 1943-1945
Authors: Moore Bob 
Published: August 2007

The treatment of prisoners of war was one of many issues which led to con-flicts in the relationship between the major western allied powers and their French allies during the Second World War. While both the British and Americans found it expedient to hand over captured German and Italian soldiers to the custody of the Free French, first in North Africa and then later in north-west Europe, in order to relieve pressure on their own manpower resources, this policy ultimately created a whole series of problems. From the very beginning, neither the metropolitan nor the colonial Free French soldiers appeared to treat their captives in accordance with the terms of the Geneva Convention. The situation was further complicated by the German and Italian refusal to recognize the French as belligerents and to treat them instead as francs-tireurs, as civilians carrying concealed weapons. Thus when the Axis powers shot captured Free French soldiers in North Africa, and FFI men in metropolitan France after June 1944, the French had no compunction in carrying out reprisals against Germans and Italians in their hands. This created worries in both London and Washington that the ill-treatment or killing of captured Axis soldiers might lead to reprisals against the British and Americans held in Germany - a fear which remained until the final surrender in the spring of 1945. While the powers found it hard to control the actions of their junior ally, they did prevent a wholesale breakdown of the conventions which supposedly protected prisoners on both sides while the war continued. There were, nevertheless, innumerable infractions and claims that Allied units habitually refused to take prisoners. However, the story of French treatment of prisoners raises a number of wider issues, most importantly the question of what really protected prisoners from violence meted out by their enemies during and after surrender and also later in captivity. Was it primarily the existence of treaties and conventions, or was it more dependent on reciprocity and the need to avoid tit-for-tat reprisals? Certainly, the treatment of Germans in Allied hands once the threat of Nazi retaliation had been removed suggests the latter to have been more important than the former.
Effect of Folic Acid and Vitamins B6 and B12 on Microcirculatory Vasoreactivity in Patients With Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Abularrage Christopher J. , Sidawy Anton N. , White Paul W. , Aidinian Gilbert , DeZee Kent J. , Weiswasser Jonathan M. , Arora Subodh 
Published: August 2007

Objective: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease. The effect of high-dose folic acid or combination vitamin therapy for the treatment of HHcy on the microcirculation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasoreactivity in patientswith HHcy. Methods: Baseline cutaneous microvascular vasoreactivity was measured in 20 patients with HHcy and 18 patients with normohomocysteinemia (NHcy). Laser Doppler scan imaging before and after iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine chloride (endothelium-dependent response) and 1% sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent response) was performed for the measurement of forearm skin vasodilatation. Patients were then treated with 10 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6, and 1 mg vitamin B12 orally once a day for 6 months. Follow-up fasting serum homocysteine and cutaneous Laser Doppler scan imaging before and after iontophoresis were performed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, paired t test, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, with significance set at P < .05. Results: The HHcy group was older than the NHcy group (70.89 ± 1.95 vs 61.78 ± 2.73 years, P = .02). Otherwise the groups were similar in terms of race, tobacco use, comorbid diseases, and serum lipoproteins. Over the 6-month period, fasting serum homocysteine levels decreased significantly in both the NHcy group (10.40 ± 0.59 µmol/L vs 8.97 ± 0.84 µmol/L, P = .01) and the HHcy group (19.80 ± 1.06 µmol/L vs 13.40 ± 0.86 µmol/L, P = .0002). There were no statistically significant changes in endothelium-independent vasoreactivity (voltage change from baseline) in either group. Endothelium-independent vasore activity decreased over the 6-month period in the HHcy group (0.20 ± 0.04 V vs 0.11 ± 0.03 V, P = .03). Subanalysis of HHcy with diabetes or age greater than 65 years both showed worsening trends in endothelium-independent vasoreactivity ( P = .05 for both groups). There were no statistically significant changes in endothelium-independent vasoreactivity in the NHcy group. Conclusions: High doses of folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 lower fasting serum homocysteine levels in patients with HHcy. Older and diabetic patients with HHcy tend to do worse possibly because of long-term fixed microvascular insult secondary to multiple sustained comorbidities.
Nilotinib (formerly AMN107), a highly selective BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is effective in patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase following imatinib resistance and intolerance
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , Giles Francis , Gattermann Norbert , Bhalla Kapil , Alimena Giuliana , Palandri Francesca , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Nicolini Franck-Emmanuel , O'Brien Stephen G. , Litzow Mark , Bhatia Ravi , Cervantes Francisco , Haque Ariful , Shou Yaping , Resta Debra J. , Weitzman Aaron , Hochhaus Andreas , le Coutre Philipp 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Nilotinib, an orally bioavailable, selective Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is 30-fold more potent than imatinib in pre-clinical models, and overcomes most imatinib resistant BCR-ABL mutations. In this phase 2 open-label study, 400 mg nilotinib was administered orally twice daily to 280 patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) after imatinib failure or intolerance. Patients had at least 6 months of follow-up and were evaluated for hematologic and cytogenetic responses, as well as for safety and overall survival. At 6 months, the rate of major cytogenetic response (Ph ≤ 35%) was 48%: complete (Ph = 0%) in 31%, and partial (Ph = 1%-35%) in 16%. The estimated survival at 12 months was 95%. Nilotinib was effective in patients harboring BCR-ABL mutations associated with imatinib resistance (except T315I), and also in patients with a resistance mechanism independent of BCR-ABL mutations. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate, and there was minimal cross-intolerance with imatinib. Grades 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 29% of patients; pleural or pericardial effusions were observed in 1% (none were severe). In summary, nilotinib is highly active and safe in patients with CML-CP after imatinib failure or intolerance. This clinical trial is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as ID no. NCT00109707.
Use of a T-cell interferon-γ release assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy
Authors: Losi M. , Bossink A. , Codecasa L. , Jafari C. , Ernst M. , Thijsen S. , Cirillo D. , Ferrarese M. , Greinert U. , Fabbri L. M. , Richeldi L. , Lange C. 
Published: August 2007

The diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (plTB) by the analysis of pleural effusions (PEs) with standard diagnostic tools is difficult. In routine clinical practice, the present authors evaluated the performance of a commercially availableMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pleural effusion mononuclear cells (PEMCs) in patients with suspect plTB.The T-SPOT.TBtest (Oxford Immunotec Ltd, Abingdon, UK) was performed on PBMCs and PEMCs in 20 patients with a clinical and radiological suspect of plTB and in 21 control subjects with a diagnosis of PE of nontuberculous origin at four centres participating in the European Tuberculosis Network.In total, 18 (90%) out of 20 patients with plTB tested T-SPOT.TB-positive on PBMCs and 19 (95%) out of 20 on PEMCs. Among controls, T-SPOT.TBwas positive in seven out of 21 (33%) patients when performed on PBMCs (these patients were assumed to be latently infected with MTB) and five (23%) out of 21 when performed on PEMCs. Sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT.TBfor the diagnosis of active plTB when performed on PEMCs were 95 and 76%, respectively.EnumeratingMycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T-cells in pleural effusion mononuclear cells by ELISPOT is feasible in routine clinical practice and may be useful for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis.
Anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled carbon monoxide in patients with COPD: a pilot study
Authors: Bathoorn E. , Slebos D-J. , Postma D. S. , Koeter G. H. , van Oosterhout A. J. M. , van der Toorn M. , Boezen H. M. , Kerstjens H. A. M. 
Published: August 2007

In vitroandin vivostudies have shown that carbon monoxide (CO) has both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant capacities. Since chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by inflammation and oxidative stress, low-dose CO could be of therapeutic use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and anti-inflammatory effects of 100–125 ppm CO inhalation in patients with stable COPD.In total, 20 ex-smoking COPD patients with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) >1.20 L and FEV1/forced vital capacity <70% were enrolled in a randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Effects on inflammation were measured in induced sputum and blood.CO inhalation was feasible and patients' vital signs were unaffected; 2 h·day−1inhalation of low-dose CO on 4 consecutive days led to a maximal individual carboxyhaemoglobin level of 4.5%. Two exacerbations occurred in the CO period. CO inhalation led to trends in reduced sputum eosinophils (median reduction 0.25% point) and improved responsiveness to methacholine (median provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV10.85versus0.63 mg·mL−1).Inhalation of 100–125 ppm carbon monoxide by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a stable phase was feasible and led to trends in reduction of sputum eosinophils and improvement of responsiveness to methacholine. Further studies need to confirm the safety and efficacy in inflammatory lung diseases.
Impact on patients’ health status following early identification of a COPD exacerbation
Authors: Bourbeau J. , Ford G. , Zackon H. , Pinsky N. , Lee J. , Ruberto G. 
Published: August 2007

The current study aimed to assess the impact on patient health status during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).A total of 421 COPD patients were enrolled in a multicentre, single-arm study with a 6-month observational follow-up period. Patients received two inhalations of Symbicort 200 Turbuhaler® twice a day. Patients were assessed before the run-in period, at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months. Patients were instructed to report a change in respiratory symptoms lasting >24 h. This defined an AECOPD. In addition to the initial call, the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), COPD Control Questionnaire (CCQ), Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale and activities of daily living (ADL) were completed at 5–7 and 12–14 days.A group of 176 patients reported at least one AECOPD. Exacerbations were associated with statistically significant mean changes (worsening) in the SGRQ activity and impact domains at onset (mean±sd12.1±18.1 and 14.0±15.2), during the first (9.8±19.0 and 9.4±16.6) and second weeks (3.1±15.5 and 3.3±14.7). Clinically significant deterioration in SGRQ impact scores was shown in 71% of patients following early identification, with 55 and 37% during the first and second weeks of an AECOPD, respectively.Acute exacerbation severely impacts on health status. The current study provides valuable information on the change in health status during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can be utilised for future trials that evaluate therapeutic intervention.