bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Structural Motifs Consisting of Chiral Thiazolines: Synthesis, Molecular Recognition, and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Han Fu She , Osajima Hiroyuki , Cheung Mui , Tokuyama Hidetoshi , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe facile synthesis of linear and cyclic chiral oligo(4‐α/β‐methyl)thiazolines is described. Linear oligothiazolines have been efficiently synthesized by the iterative formation of thiazoline rings and two‐directional block condensation. The construction of 24‐ to 36‐membered cyclic oligothiazolines was achieved through the head‐to‐tail cyclo‐oligomerization of doubly deprotected linear fragments. Studies of the interactions of both the linear and cyclic oligomers with chiral compounds revealed that cyclic oligomers displayed a strong binding affinity towards mandelic acid, whereas linear oligomers showed a poor affinity. Linear oligomers have been proven to inhibit the cell growth of the cancer cell lines HPAC, PC‐3, and HCT‐116. Studies of the structure–activity relationships showed that the IC50 values are clearly dependent on both the length and the terminal functionalities of the linear oligomers. Longer derivatives showed more potent activity (e.g., hexi‐ and octithiazolines exhibit IC50<1 μM) against all three cancer cell lines. In sharp contrast, cyclic oligomers were inactive to all three cell lines.
Measuring the effect of field strength on noise amplification factor
Authors: Kelley Douglas A.C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs shown previously, parallel imaging techniques should benefit significantly from higher field strengths due to a reduction in noise amplification (g) factor. The intent of this study was to measure directly the role of field strength in this reduction, comparing the measured g factors for two commercial eight‐channel head array coils of similar mechanical design at 3T and 7T using low and high permittivity phantoms. The results indicated that the lower g factors result primarily from the RF standing wave pattern and the greater spatial complexity of the coil sensitivities in high permittivity materials at high frequency, although the physical design of the array elements plays an important role in controlling the growth of noise amplification. A simplified method of g factor measurement for an array coil is also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 51–59, 2007
Purkinje cell compartmentation as revealed by Zebrin II expression in the cerebellar cortex of pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Pakan Janelle M.P. , Iwaniuk Andrew N. , Wylie Douglas R.W. , Hawkes Richard , Marzban Hassan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurkinje cells in the cerebellum express the antigen zebrin II (aldolase C) in many vertebrates. In mammals, zebrin is expressed in a parasagittal fashion, with alternating immunopositive and immunonegative stripes. Whether a similar pattern is expressed in birds is unknown. Here we present the first investigation into zebrin II expression in a bird: the adult pigeon (Columba livia). Western blotting of pigeon cerebellar homogenates reveals a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 36 kDa that is indistinguishable from zebrin II in the mouse. Zebrin II expression in the pigeon cerebellum is prominent in Purkinje cells, including their dendrites, somata, axons, and axon terminals. Parasagittal stripes were apparent with bands of Purkinje cells that strongly expressed zebrin II (+ve) alternating with bands that expressed zebrin II weakly or not at all (−ve). The stripes were most prominent in folium IXcd, where there were seven +ve/−ve stripes, bilaterally. In folia VI–IXab, several thin stripes were observed spanning the mediolateral extent of the folia, including three pairs of +ve/−ve stripes that extended across the lateral surface of the cerebellum. In folium VI the zebrin II expression in Purkinje cells was stronger overall, resulting in less apparent stripes. In folia II–V, four distinct +ve/−ve stripes were apparent. Finally, in folia I (lingula) and X (nodulus) all Purkinje cells strongly expressed zebrin II. These data are compared with studies of zebrin II expression in other species, as well as physiological and neuroanatomical studies that address the parasagittal organization of the pigeon cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:619–630, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadherin expression in the developing mouse olfactory system
Authors: Akins Michael R. , Benson Deanna L. , Greer Charles A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough odor receptors have been implicated in establishing the topography of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory bulb (OB), it is likely other molecules are also involved. The cadherins (CDHs) are a large family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell:cell interactions elsewhere in the central nervous system. However, their distribution and role in the olfactory system have remained largely unexplored. We previously demonstrated that intracellular binding partners of cadherins, the catenins, have unique spatiotemporal patterns of expression in the developing olfactory system. To further our understanding of cadherin function within the developing olfactory system, we now report on the localization of 11 classical cadherins—CDH1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 15. We demonstrate the expression of all but CDH5 and CDH15 in neuronal and/or glial cells in primary olfactory structures. CDH1 and CDH2 are expressed by OSNs; CDH2 expression closely parallels that seen for γ‐catenin in OSN axons. CDH3 and CDH11 are expressed by olfactory ensheathing glia, which surround OSN axons in the outer OB. CDH2, CDH4, and CDH6 are expressed within neuropil. CDH2, CDH4, CDH6, CDH8, CDH10, CDH11, and CDH13 are expressed by projection neurons within the main and accessory OBs. We conclude that cadherin proteins in the developing olfactory system are positioned to underlie the formation of the odorant map and local circuits within the OB. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:483–497, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Conformational Analysis Method for Understanding the Energy Landscapes of Clusters
Authors: Cheng Longjiu , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA newly developed unbiased structural optimization method, named dynamic lattice searching (DLS), is proposed as an approach for conformational analysis of atomic/molecular clusters and used in understanding the energy landscape of large clusters. The structures of clusters are described in terms of the number of basic tetrahedron (BT) units they contain. We found that the hit numbers of different structural motifs in DLS runs is proportional to the number of BTs. A parameter Tmax is defined to limit the maximal number of atoms moved in a structural transition. Results show that Tmax is a key parameter for modulating the efficiency of the DLS method and has a great influence on the hit number of different motifs in DLS runs. Finally, the effect of potential range on the conformational distribution of the (Morse)98 cluster is also discussed with different potential‐range parameters.
Social rank and attachment in people with a bipolar disorder
Authors: Gilbert P. , McEwan K. , Hay J. , Irons C. , Cheung M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between personal evaluations of attachment and personal evaluations of social rank, in relationship to mood variation in bipolar disorder. Forty patients with diagnosed bipolar affective disorder, who were regarded as ‘relatively stable’ by their psychiatrist, were given a set of self‐report questionnaires, measuring attachment style, social comparison, submissive behaviour and various aspects of mood. Mood variation within this group was highly linked to variation in social rank evaluations. In particular, elevated mood was associated with feeling superior, while depression was associated with feeling inferior. Attachment also varied with mood but appeared to be less related to mood in this group. This study suggests that variation in social rank evaluations may be significantly associated with mood variation in patients with a bipolar disorder. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The subjective experience of paranoia: Comparing the experiences of patients with psychosis and individuals with no psychiatric history
Authors: Campbell Michelle L. C. , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOver the last decade, significant theoretical developments in psychological approaches to paranoia have taken place. Despite this, no published research has examined the subjective experience of paranoia. The present study aimed to do this. 12 people took part; six of whom had received a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and six had never received a psychiatric diagnosis but had experienced paranoid thoughts. Participants were interviewed and the data were then transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) the phenomena; (2) beliefs about paranoia; (3) factors that influence paranoia; and (4) the consequences of paranoia. Within each theme, similarities and differences between the groups were highlighted. All participants believed that negative life experiences had influenced their paranoid ideas and all experienced anxiety. However, the most striking difference concerned the issue of control; the patient group felt controlled by their ideas whereas the non‐patients did not. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early maladaptive schemas in children: Stability and differences between a community and a clinic referred sample
Authors: Stallard Paul 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study explores whether the Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) proposed by Young (1994) are stable in children and whether EMS in community and clinical populations differ. The Schema Questionnaire for Children, (SQC), was completed twice by 77 children (9 out of 10 years) six months apart. The SQC completed by a community group (n = 46) attending a local school and those treated (n = 53) at a specialist child mental health clinic were compared. Significant correlations over time were found for 8 out of 12 of the EMS assessed. Significant differences between the community and referred group were found for 10 out of 12 EMS. These results are consistent with the key theoretical assumptions underlying schema therapy. Further research is required with larger samples of children to substantiate these findings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attributional biases in subclinical depression: A schema‐based account
Authors: Morris Steven J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNon‐depressed individuals exhibit a self‐serving attributional bias, taking more credit for success than for failure. Clinically and subclinically depressed people are less self‐serving, often to the point of making similar attributions (explanations) for successes and failures. The present studies evaluated a schematic account of these distinct attributional biases. Subclinically depressed and non‐depressed participants completed measures of attributional bias (the relative strength of ability attributions for success versus failure), schema‐based optimism (the relative expectedness of success versus failure) and self‐schemas of competence. Two studies evaluated a hypothesis derived from the schematic account: the greater the perceived competence and optimism, the more self‐serving the attributional bias. As predicted, (a) attributional bias scores covaried with optimism and competence scores in both magnitude and valence (or direction), (b) depressed‐non‐depressed differences in attributional biases paralleled differences in competence and optimism and (c) when attributional bias scores were adjusted for the effects of optimism or competence, depressed–non‐depressed differences in attributional biases were eliminated. The schematic account raises questions about the common assumptions that attributional patterns are traits, and that they play a central role in the aetiology and treatment of depression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical psychology trainees' research productivity and publications: An initial survey and contributing factors
Authors: Cooper Myra , Turpin Graham 
Published: January 2007

AbstractClinical psychology research productivity is an issue of great professional concern. The current paper explores the rate and nature of trainee publication of research projects in peer‐reviewed journals, together with reasons likely to be relevant to its success and failure. Twenty‐one out of 28 courses responded to a survey composed of closed and open‐ended questions. Data were analysed using inferential statistics and content analysis. Twenty‐four percent of trainees in any one cohort during the period 1999–2004 successfully wrote up their research for publication. Most publications were in psychology journals with modest but respectable impact factors. The most important theme thought to be related to success was supervisor factors, followed by trainee factors, general course factors, study characteristics and the demands of a new job following qualification. Recommendations to enhance publication success are made within the context of a broader discussion of the importance of facilitating the development of the new generation of clinical psychology researchers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying mechanisms of change in psychotherapy: Mediators of treatment outcome
Authors: Johansson Paul , Høglend Per 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe know that psychotherapy works, but the processes and mechanisms underlying therapeutic change are still largely unknown. The study of mediators and moderators of change in psychotherapy is one way to improve our understanding of mechanisms operating in psychotherapy. Consensus is slowly building on how to define both mediators and moderators of change, while there is still a controversy on strategic issues, e.g., criteria for demonstrating causality. The rationales for mediator research are discussed, as well as some of the major obstacles inherent in this research area. Finally, we present some strategic considerations for future research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic and complex emotions in depression and anxiety
Authors: Power M. J. , Tarsia M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe current study was designed to assess the emotion states that occur across the clinical disorders of depression, anxiety and mixed anxiety depression. The emotion states were assessed using the Basic Emotions Scale, which includes a set of simple and complex emotions rationally derived from the basic emotions of sadness, anger, fear, disgust and happiness. The profiles of emotion states across the clinical disorders and across a matched healthy control group supported an analysis in which emotions related to sadness and disgust were elevated in the depressed and mixed disorders, whereas increased levels of anger and fear, and decreased levels of happiness did not distinguish between clinical groups but were found in all disorders in comparison to healthy controls. Further factor analyses gave support for the proposed basic emotions model and did not support alternative models such as the Positive Affect‐Negative Affect model. The findings demonstrate how a theoretically based emotion analysis can provide a useful foundation from which to explore the emotional disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of the cost of asbestos abatement in public buildings in the state of California: An application of the bootstrap
Authors: Azen Stanley P. , Niland Joyce , Hayward Steven B. , Liu Kai‐Shen , Redinger Charles , Porter Preston 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn response to California Assembly Bill No. 2070 (1986), an Asbestos Assessment Task Force was created to analyze the magnitude of the asbestos problem in public buildings in the State of California. A survey of 207 city‐owned and county‐owned buildings was carried out to determine the presence and condition of asbestos‐containing material. In addition, a ranking and priority system was developed to rank buildings according to the degree of asbestos hazard, and to estimate the costs of abatement and/or management according to this system. This information was then extrapolated to the universe of city/county buildings using bootstrapping procedures. It was estimated that the average cost for recommended asbestos abatement was $194 million (range $146–254 million). The average cost for total removal of all asbestos increased to $379 million (range $312–470 million).
Nonlinear regression models for correlated count data
Authors: Burnett R. T. , Shedden J. , Krewski D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article, nonlinear regression models for correlated count data are examined. Correlation within clusters is modelled by a multivariate Gaussian mixing process on the log‐expectation scale. The regression parameters and the variance‐covariance parameters of the mixing process are estimated using quasi‐likelihood methods. An example involving temporal trends in hospital admissions for respiratory disease is used to illustrate the methods proposed.
A simple protocol for radiation dosimetry based on the order statistics from a poisson process
Authors: Fox David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper problems associated with the sampling and estimation of the background gamma radiation dose‐rate are considered. The work described herein has been motivated by the large sampling effort of background gamma radiation undertaken in Western Australia by ALCOA of Australia coupled with the absence of any definitive sampling methodology. Certain best estimators are proposed and results given which permit the construction of [optimal] sampling protocols for radiological investigations.
Box‐cox transformation in the analysis of combined effects of mixtures of chemicals
Authors: Razzaghi Mehdi , Kodell Ralph L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new general approach to modelling the joint action of two non‐interactive toxicants is considered. It is shown that the proposed method provides a more refined characterization of a mixture of two chemicals. The method is based on using the Box‐Cox power transformation to derive the most suitable function of concentration to be used in a linear response function obtained from a linearizing transformation. The concepts of concentration and response additivity as two extreme cases of additive joint action are discussed and used to demonstrate the ideas of an “envelope of additivity”. Two examples are used to provide further illustration of the proposed approach.
A class of new probability distributions for modelling environmental evolution with periodic behaviour
Authors: Dimitrov B. , Khalil Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new class of probability distributions is introduced. This class accentuates the periodic behaviour of environmental conditions in time and the random occurrence of some events on each period. A constructive approach is used following the logic of the appearance of random events in the evolution of real‐world systems. Some physical and probabilistic properties of the new distributions are discussed. Elementary statistical data models are considered and two types of estimations of the attributes of these distributions are offered. Numerical and graphical illustrations with simulated and observed data are used to motivate our suggestions.
Earthquake risk and insurance
Authors: Brillinger David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur concern is with protection against natural catastrophes through financial insurance. Development of appropriate premium rates requires consideration of a wide variety of variables entering into the occurrence of the disaster, and a broad range of scientific and statistical investigations results. Topics discussed include: premium computation, distribution of large earthquakes in time, ground motion at sites, attenuation of energy with distance, damage description and actual practice in various countries. Statistical considerations that arise include: description, stochastic modelling, conditioning, spatial processes, (marked) point processes, uncertainty estimation and robust/resistant procedures. Study of the insurance problem is scientifically enlightening because it requires one to focus on the whole context of the problem; geology, seismology, earthquake engineering, and damage.
A flexible model for ground ozone concentration
Authors: Graf‐Jaccottet Monique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe statistical analysis of the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere is generally applied to a time series of average concentrations. Statistical difficulties arise from the non stationarity of the series, the nonnormality of the measured concentration, the lack of independence and the important influence of external factors. A new model is proposed for the time series consisting of daily averages of ground level ozone. The annual trend is modelled by a function of the length of day, the nonnormality is taken into account by a Box‐Cox transformation and the errors are supposed to be autoregressive of order 1. This method is applied to the analysis of NABEL (Nationales Beobachtungsnetz für Luftfremdstoffe) data (two years data from two locations), Switzerland.
Comparison of two medians using a two‐sample lognormal model in environmental contexts
Authors: Stoline Michael R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA test procedure is derived for comparing medians in a lognormal two‐sample context where some data may be left‐censored owing to non‐detects. This procedure is an extension of the method introduced by Harris (1991). It is assumed that two independent samples of sizesn1andn2are available from two lognormal populations LN(μ1,σ1) and LN(μ2,σ2). The EM algorithm is used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in four cases:H1(μ1= μ2,σ1= σ2),H2(μ1≠ μ2,σ1= σ2),H3(μ1= μ2,σ1≠ σ2), andH4(μ1≠ μ2,σ1≠ σ2). A protocol is described for testing the equality of the two medians (H0: μ1= μ2versusHr: μ1≠ μ2). Two procedures are recommended for this test, depending on whether the population skewness parameters are equal: (H0: σ1= σ2) or not (Hr: σ1≠ σ2). Asymptotic chi‐square tests are used in the recommended protocol. Similarities and differences between these lognormal methods and their two‐sample normal symmetric counterparts are discussed with particular reference to the role of the assumption σ1= σ2in both contexts. A detailed case study example of the method is provided using data contained in Millard and Deverel (1988). Comparisons are made between the lognormal methodology introduced here and the non‐parametric methods used by Milard and Deverel (1988) in the analysis of these data.
Environmental monitoring, assessment and prediction of change
Authors: El‐Shaarawi A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstimating the present status, detecting and estimating trends, identifying problem areas, and testing for compliance with standards are some common goals of environmental monitoring programmes. Issues of concern when setting these programmes are what to measure, how and when to make these measurements, and how to interpret the data. The role of statistics in addressing these issues is discussed and illustrated using three examples. The first is the upstream/downstream Niagara River monitoring program which is used to: (1) estimate the loads of contaminants to the river and from the river to Lake Ontario; (2) compare the concentrations of various contaminants with water quality standards. The monitoring programme for the Fraser River provides the second example. The Fraser River has, in contrast to the Niagara River, a complicated hydrological cycle which needs to be considered when interpreting water quality changes. The third is the before and after time series experiments for environmental impact assessment. In these examples, parametric and non‐parametric methods are used to model seasonality and trends. Techniques for dealing with censored data are also discussed.