bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rituximab for the treatment of childhood chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemophilia with inhibitors
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Zaffanello Marco , Veneri Dino , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRituximab, a monoclonal chimeric antibody to the CD20 antigen, is an effective treatment for non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Moreover, rituximab has also shown efficacy in various autoimmune disorders. In this review, we will focus on the use of rituximab in childhood disorders of hemostasis associated with inhibitor formation. Although the results presented suggest that rituximab can be useful in the treatment of this subset of pediatric patients, most of the data come from isolated case reports or descriptions of small, uncontrolled series. Therefore, large, prospective, and randomized trials are needed to confirm the positive, preliminary results. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:6–10. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carlisle and District diabetes training in nursing and residential care homes
Authors: Heeley‐creed D , Brown K , Hill J 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo consecutive projects targeting nursing homes and residential care homes were initiated in the former East Cumbria. The projects were based on the findings of two audits investigating the prevalence of diabetes in nursing and residential care homes in East Cumbria. The audits highlighted inconsistencies of care and concerns relating to all aspects of diabetes.One‐off funding was received and provided for a nurse educator, dietitian and secretarial support to plan, implement and evaluate a training programme to meet the needs of the homes involved. Two to three training sessions were delivered on site to 50 homes. The sessions covered all aspects of diabetes care for managers, nurses, carers and catering staff. Specific concerns highlighted by staff during the training resulted in further training sessions being offered to cover hypoglycaemia, blood glucose monitoring and dietary issues.A positive response was received from all staff with good attendance and commitment to training; certificates of attendance were issued to staff attending all sessions of the training programme. Staff expressed an improvement in their knowledge of diabetes.Files containing practical information and new blood glucose meters were given to each home. The training programme was tailored to the needs of each home and delivering the training on site enabled the trainers to meet the needs of each home. Every home was left with protocols of care with easily measurable criteria, which could be utilised to assess the quality of diabetes care. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Importance of sensory symptoms in identifying patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Schandry R , Lobisch M 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report quantifies the relationship between neuropathy sensory symptoms (NSSs) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Diabetes patients with and without DPN used a physician‐administered symptom scale to document the frequency of numbness; insensitivity; burning; warm, dry feet; tightness or aching; bandaged sensation; prickling; tingling; sharp pain; hypersensitivity to touch; and cold sensation. Using these data, we calculated the prevalence of each NSS, and also quantified the association between each NSS and the presence of DPN by determining NSS accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Each NSS was more prevalent and occurred more frequently in patients with DPN (p<0.01), highlighting the importance of physicians inquiring about the presence and frequency of NSSs when seeking to distinguish between diabetes patients with and without DPN. Notably, several non‐painful symptoms (e.g. tingling and prickling) consistently demonstrated strong associations with DPN. Bandaged sensation, warm, dry feet, and the sensation of coldness consistently demonstrated the weakest associations with DPN. NSSs (both painful and non‐painful) distinguish diabetes patients with and without DPN. Identifying NSSs associated with DPN should prompt the physician to explore more fully for the presence of DPN and to initiate more aggressive intervention for diabetes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Effectiveness of a computerised assessment tool to prompt individuals with diabetes to be more active in consultations
Authors: Barnard KD , Cradock S , Parkin T , Skinner TC 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess whether using a computerised touch screen assessment tool prior to outpatient consultation makes patients more active in the consultation.In a non‐randomised control group design, immediately after consultations, which were recorded, patients and professionals completed a consultation review sheet and the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ). Views about the assessment were then elicited. Intervention participants completed the Accu‐Chek Interview (a computerised psychosocial assessment) prior to the consultation.After completing the Accu‐Chek Interview, participants were more active in the consultation asking twice as many questions (t = 3.167; df = 67.07; p = 0.002), without lengthening the consultations. There was no significant difference in the duration of consultations (t = ‐1.20; df = 129; p = 0.234). Patients valued completing the interview: ‘it does prompt you to ask questions that you may not think of at the time.’ The demographics were similar for both groups and there was no effect on the HCCQs.It was concluded that the Accu‐Chek Interview seems to activate patients into asking more questions (a marker for better bio‐medical outcomes in a recent meta‐analysis) and is valued by patients to help improve diabetes care.The Accu‐Chek Interview could be routinely offered to outpatients attending diabetes centres as a tool to improve communication, increase autonomy and potentially improve outcomes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Intensive insulin treatment in coronary and intensive care
Authors: Jones C , Fisher M 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHyperglycaemia in the setting of acute illness carries a poor prognosis. The first Diabetes and Insulin‐Glucose infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study demonstrated a reduction in total mortality with intravenous insulin to reduce hyperglycaemia followed by multi‐dose subcutaneous insulin in diabetic patients following myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, there were several problems with the follow‐up DIGAMI‐2 study, so that it is not clear if maximum benefit was obtained by intravenous insulin, subcutaneous insulin, or a combination of both. In the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) setting, intensive insulin to restore normoglycaemia reduced total mortality in patients admitted to a surgical ICU who developed hyperglycaemia. In a follow‐up study in medical ICU patients the results were disappointing, and there was no overall reduction in mortality. There is a need for a study which would combine these two complementary approaches, examining the possible benefits of using very intensive insulin treatment to achieve normoglycaemia following myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Influences of organometallic polymer‐derived catalyst dispersion on SWNT growth
Authors: Lastella Sarah , Yang Hoichang , Rider David , Manners Ian , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Ryu Chang Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCatalyst formation kinetics of a ferrocene‐containing homopolymer, polyferrocenylethylmethylsilane (PFEMS), is investigated as it relates to the catalysis of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The formation and efficiency of the PFEMS‐based iron catalyst is compared with that of the corresponding polystyrene (PS)‐b‐PFEMS diblock copolymer. The PFEMS homopolymer contains 23 wt % iron, while PS‐b‐PFEMS, with a 25 vol % PFEMS content, is only 6% iron. Despite its lower iron content, spin‐cast PS‐b‐PFEMS films on SiO2/Si substrates produce more active iron sites than spin‐cast PFEMS films during CVD growth of SWNTs. This is related to the self‐assembly of the block copolymer, where PFEMS domains are well dispersed in the PS matrix, which degrades at a CVD temperature of 920 °C to leave catalytically active elemental iron behind. On the contrary, the pure PFEMS films contain a high percentage of iron and silicon, which tend to transform into ceramic‐coated iron at this high temperature, thus rendering the iron inactive towards SWNT growth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 758–765, 2007
Electrospinning of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene nanofibers
Authors: Rein D. M. , Shavit‐Hadar L. , Khalfin R. L. , Cohen Y. , Shuster K. , Zussman E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe electrospinning method has been employed to fabricate ultrafine nanofibers of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene for the first time with a mixture of solvents of different dielectric constants and conductivities. The possibility of producing highly oriented nanofibers from ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polymers suggests new ways of fabricating ultrastrong, porous, and single‐component nanocomposite fibers with improved properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 766–773, 2007
Androgen and collagen as growth regulators of the rat ventral prostate
Authors: Müntzing Jonas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the aim of studying a possible role of the fibromuscular stroma as growth regulator for the rat ventral prostate the weight, DNA content, and hydroxyprolin content were analyzed in the ventral prostate of rats of varying age. Exogenous androgen increased the age‐dependent weight and contents only in young and old rats. Orchiectomy reduced prostatic weight, DNA content, and hydroxyproline content although to different extent, and exogenous androgen restored the weight and contents. Exogenous estrogen to intact animals had effects similar to orchiectomy. Estrogen combined with androgen increased DNA content over that found in animals given androgen only, while weight and hydroxyproline content were not changed. It is concluded that the endogenous androgen determines the size of the prostate in young and old animals. Androgen also determines prostatic collagen content. The good correlation between prostatic DNA and hydroxyproline indicates a more or less fixed number of epithelial cells per amount of collagen. A hypothesis suggesting a crucial role for prostatic collagen in the growth‐limiting mechanism in the prostate is presented.
Antagonistic effects of cyproterone acetate and oestradiol on the development of the fetal rat prostate gland induced by androgens in organ culture
Authors: Lasnitzki Use , Mizuno Takeo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of cyproterone acetate and 17β‐estradiol on the induction of the rat prostate gland by androgens has been investigated in organ culture. The gland develops from its “anlage,” the urogenital sinus, as epithelial buds projecting from the urogenital epithelium into the surrounding mesenchyme. In 16.5‐day‐old male sinuses explanted in organ culture, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone induced such buds de novo; cyproterone acetate or 17/3‐estradiol combined with the androgens competitively inhibit the bud formation in most explants. In contrast, in 18.5‐day male sinuses both anti‐androgens are ineffective, and prostatic buds develop. The difference in response suggests that in the older tissue, exposure to endogenous testosterone before explanation has already set in motion events leading to the differentiation of the gland that are irreversible.
Interstitial radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Whitmore Willet F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPelvic lymph node dissection and iodine 125 implantation has been systematically utilized at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) since 1970 as one form of management of selected patients with stage B or stage C prostatic cancer. Experience with the technique is reviewed on the basis of previously published data and on the basis of a five‐year follow‐up of the first 100 patients. The operative procedure has been generally well tolerated, with a low morbidity, with a mortality rate of 0.67% (2/300), and with minimal adverse effects on urinary, rectal, and sexual functions. Thirty‐six percent of the patients had regional lymph node metastasis, and such was associated with a 71% incidence of distant metastasis at five years. However, at five years 14% of patients with positive nodes remain free of evidence of neoplasm, and 38% of patients with negative lymph nodes have evidence of bone metastasis. At five years, 11% of patients have evidence of local recurrence only; 19%, distant metastasis only; and 32%, both local recurrence and distant metastasis. Five‐year survival without stratification relative to lymph node involvement is 100% (16/16) for stage B1, 88% (23/26) for stage B2, 66% (6/10) for stage B3, 33% (2/6) for stage C1, 53% (17/32) for stage C2, and 1/1 for stage C3, but endocrine therapy has presumably contributed to such survival in those patients developing intractable local recurrence and/or symptomatic distant metastasis within the five‐year follow‐up.
Characterization of prostatic carcinoma among blacks: A comparison between a low‐incidence area, Ibadan, Nigeria, and a high‐incidence area, Washington, DC
Authors: Jackson Marvin A. , Kovi Joseph , Heshmat Martin Y. , Ogunmuyiwa T. A. , Jones George W. , Williams A. O. , Christian E. C. , Nkposong E. O. , Rao M. S. , Jackson Aaron G. , Ahluwalia B. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparison of carcinoma of the prostate gland in a low‐incidence Nigerian (Ibadan) population and a high‐incidence U.S. Afro‐American (Washington, D.C.) population was the purpose for this study, initiated in 1973. The frequency of carcinoma (micro‐ and invasive) was determined in consecutive necropsy cases from hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria, Accra, Ghana and Washington, D.C. The results of these clinical, epidemiologic and morphologic studies are reported.Clinically, the peak incidence of carcinoma of the prostate in Nigerian males in Ibadan and in American males in Washington, D.C. was in the 65‐74 age group. The median age of patients was 66.4 years in Ibadan and 69.2 years in Washington, D.C. Seventy‐five percent of Nigerian and 49% of American patients were in stages III and IV. Overall, the distribution by grade of neoplasms in surgical material from Ibadan and Washington, D.C. was similar. Plasma testosterone and estrone levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001) in U.S. patients than in U.S. controls and higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05) in U.S. patients than in Nigerian patients with prostatic carcinoma. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Nigerian patients than in Nigerian controls. Estrone levels were not significantly different in Nigerian patients than controls.Nigerian patients were more sexually active throughout their lives than American patients; however, they reported a higher incidence of impotence than U.S. patients in the immediate 5 years preceding the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Nigerian respondents (patients and controls) arrived at puberty later than their American counterparts. Within each of the two population groups, the factor with the highest relative risk ratio was lower urinary tract symtoms occurring 10 years or longer before the onset of the present complaints which led to the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Nigerian and U.S. patients were more sexually active than controls.Microcarcinoma (incidental, latent) of the prostate gland occurred with a frequency of 11.8% and at an age‐adjusted incidence rate (world standard) of 40.6 per 1000 necropsies in the sampled U.S. black male population. The age‐adjusted incidence rate (world standard) for microcarcinoma in the combined West African (Accra and Ibadan) series (36.7/1000) was almost equal to the rate (40.6/1000) in the Washington, D.C. series.
Animal models for prostate cancer
Authors: Pollard Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour model systems for prostate adenocarcinomas have been developed in rats: they are designated Dunning, Noble, ACI, and Pollard tumors. They have attributes that make them valuable sources of information, of relevance to the disease in man. The development and use of the Pollard tumors as in vitro and in vivo model systems are reviewed, especially on the phenomenon of metastasis. Specific agents either accelerate or retard the rate and extent of metastatic spread of the prostate tumor cells from extravascular sites to specific target organs. Specific enzymes may be involved in the phenomenon of metastasis.
Virology studies and cell lines for prostate cancer
Authors: Merchant Donald J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunological and biochemical probes for viral genomes and products, growth in cell culture, co‐culture methods to activate latent genomes, use of activating agents, and electron microscopy have been used in efforts to demonstrate RNA viruses in prostate cancer. Despite findings of C‐type particles and p30 antigens, the role of RNA viruses appears to be secondary, with activation of the virogene being a relatively uncommon occurrence.No compelling evidence for Herpes II or cytomegalovirus as etiologic agents has emerged, despite their common presence in the urogenital tract. Though the search for integration of fragments of viral genome into host DNA is still in progress, it appears unlikely that these viruses would account for a significant number of prostate carcinomas.Progress has been achieved in developing simple, reliable, primary culture methods for human prostatic tissue, using explants or dispersed cells. Three cell lines, all from metastatic foci, have been established, are characterized, and are available for distribution. One neonatal cell strain retains many properties of normal prostate.
A survey of 3,000 examinations by transrectal ultrasonotomography
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Date Seiki , Ohe Hiroshi , Saitoh Masahito , Tanaka Shigeki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs a routine examination for intrapelvic organs, transrectal ultrasonotomography was performed 3,000 times on 2,331 patients from June 1976 to February 1980. In this series, 57 patients were diagnosed as prostatic cancer by transrectal ultrasonotomography and 54 (94.7%) of them were finally diagnosed as cancer by biopsy. Three hundred twenty‐six patients were diagnosed as suspected prostatic cancer, and cancer was confirmed also by biopsy in 12 (3.7%) of them. Among 1,741 patients with various prostatic diseases on whom cancer was ruled out by transrectal ultrasonotomography, there were 2 (0.1%) false‐negative cancer cases.
The value of perineal punch biopsy in estimating the histological grade of carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Müller H.‐A. , Ackermann R. , Frohmüller H. G. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe degree of accuracy of the histological grade of carcinoma of the prostate obtained by perineal punch biopsy was analyzed by comparing the histological findings with those of radical prostatectomy specimens. Biopsy specimens of 97 of 100 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1969 and 1979 were reevaluated. In 43% of the cases, perineal punch biopsy revealed a uniform architectural pattern, which was classified as well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma in 21 cases and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 22 cases. However, of the 21 cases determined by biopsy to be uniformly well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas, only seven (33.3%) were confirmed by evaluation of the radical prostatectomy specimens. A uniform, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was ultimately found in only five operative specimens of the 22 patients with this preoperative diagnosis. As one case clearly demonstrated, multifocal origin of carcinoma of the prostate is the main source of the frequently occurring error encountered with perineal punch biopsy in determining the grade of differentiation.
Adjuvant chemotherapy to definitive treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Loening Stefan , Narayana Ambati 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEven though surgery and/or radiation has been the treatment of choice for early carcinoma of the prostate, there is conclusive evidence that tumor may recur in a certain number of patients at the primary site and/or at a distant location. The only way to achieve a complete cure in these patients with localized cancer appears to be by addition of relatively safe, effective chemotherapeutic agents. Estracyt and/or Cytoxan appear to be such agents. These two drugs showed definite activity in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Chemotherapeutic agents appear effective as adjuvant in the treatment of other solid tumors. It is worthwhile that this modality of treatment be tried in patients with early, curable prostatic carcinoma.
Examination of the distribution of oestrogen receptor between the stromal and epithelial compartments of the canine prostate
Authors: Chaisiri N. , Pierrepoint C. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe stromal and epithelial elements of the canine prostate gland have been mechanically separated for the individual measurement of the presence of oestrogen receptor. The purity of each fraction was assessed by light and electron microscopy and by certain biochemical parameters and was found to be good. The oestrogen receptor was demonstrated to be predominantly located in the stroma at a concentration of 181.5 ± 49.3 fmoles/mg cytosol protein compared with that in the epithelium of 44.5 ± 22.4 fmoles/mg cytosol protein. A high affinity for the tritiated ligand was also shown (kd = 2.81 ± 0.8) (× 1010).The significance of these findings is discussed, especially with regard to the development of prostatic hyperplasia.
Current experience with radioimmunoassay techniques for prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Cooper John Fenimore , Finkle William D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData are presented demonstrating that radioimmunoassay techniques for measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase are more sensitive than enzymatic methods in the detection of all stages of prostatic cancer. The possibility of using a solid phase RIA technique to screen for prostatic cancer is considered. Sixty‐three hundred and twenty men over age 45 entering a clinical laboratory for any indication were evaluated using the RIA test for PAP. In this group 444 (7%) had elevated test values. Clinical recall and urologic review of the patients with elevated test results yielded 67 who were suspect for prostatic cancer, of whom 59 (88%) were confirmed by prostatic needle biopsy. These data suggest that the RIA for prostatic acid phosphatase as an isolated clinical procedure is not sufficiently specific to be used for screening due to the large number of false‐positive results. However, the RIA‐PAP test in combination with a follow‐up urologic examination is quite specific and deserves further consideration as a screening method for prostatic malignancy.
Clinical significance of serum and bone marrow acid phosphatase
Authors: Pontes J. Edson 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrently available immunochemical assays for the determination of serum prostatic acid phosphatase have improved the reliability of this biological marker in carcinoma of the prostate. Although the value of such methods for screening the general population is questionable, a certain percentage of elevated serum levels is observed in patients with localized disease. The significance of such findings is unclear at the present time. Recent evidence suggests that in elevated bone marrow acid phosphatase, using these methods is of predictive value in the future development of metastatic disease.