bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of depression with primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Muñoz Ricardo F. , Ying Yu-Wen , Bernal Guillermo , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Sorensen James L. , Hargreaves William A. , Miranda Jeanne , Miller Leonard S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe prevention of major depression is an important research goal which deserves increased attention. Depressive symptoms and disorders are particularly common in primary care patients and have a negative impact on functioning and well‐being comparable with other major chronic medical conditions. The San Francisco Depression Prevention Research project conducted a randomized, controlled, prevention trial to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing such research in a public sector setting serving low‐income, predominantly minority individuals: 150 primary care patients free from depression or other major mental disorders were randomized to an experimental cognitive‐behavioral intervention or to a control condition. The experimental intervention group reported a significantly greater reduction in depressive levels. Decline in depressive levels was significantly mediated by decline in the frequency of negative conditions. Group differences in the number of new episodes (incidence) of major depression did not reach significance during the 1‐year trial. We conclude that depression prevention trials in public sector primary care settings are feasbile, and that depressive symptoms can be reduced even in low‐income, minority populations. To conduct randomized prevention trials that can test effects on incidence with sufficient statistical power, subgroups at greater imminent risk have to be identified.
Adolescent suicidal behaviors as a function of depression, hopelessness, alcohol use, and social support: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Reifman Alan , Windle Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurveyed two high school cohorts (ns=698 and 283) to study independent prospective predictors of adolescent suicidal behaviors (thoughts, communicatio to others, attempts). Within each cohort, there were two measurements conducted 6 months apart. Structural equation models were tested, with depressive symptoms, hopelessness, alcohol consumption, social support, and gender serving as predictors. In the larger cohort, depression predicted later levels of all three suicidal behaviors controlling for baseline suicidal behaviors. Also, suicidal thoughts predicted later communications, and suicide attempts predicted future thoughts. In the smaller cohort, alcohol consumption predicted all three suicidal behaviors at the later measurement, whereas depression was predictive only of later thoughts. Major issues regarding prevention, theories of suicide and negative affect, and methodological/analytical approaches were discussed.
Social support processes in early childhood friendship: A comparative study of ecological congruences in enacted support
Authors: Rizzo Thomas A. , Corsaro William A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExamined congruences between children's friendships and classroom social ecologies in three distinct settings, and poses that such congruences or social adaptations are aptly characterized as a process of enacted social support; i.e., an interpersonal transaction involving the reduction or evasion of stress. Data were derived from Corsaro's recent ethnographics of children's friendship and peer culture in a University Preschool (Corsaro, 1985) and Head Start center (Corsaro, 1994), and from Rizzo's (1989) ethnography of friendship development among first‐grade children. Despite vast differences across settings, the nature and activities of children's friendships appeared consistently linked with specific organizational features in their life‐worlds and in this way may constitute significant interpersonal and individual adaptations to that world. In this view, friendship is best seen not as a static entity, which children appropriate in a consistent fashion, but as a general and malleable concept, which they modify and use in a collaborative fashion to address shared psychosocial concerns. Findings are related to research on the link between perceived and enacted support, and on the interplay between relational and social support processes.
Effects of parental alcoholism and life stress on hispanic and non‐hispanic caucasian adelescents: A prospective study
Authors: Barrera Manuel , Li Susan A. , Chassin Laurie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInvestigated ethnicity and parental alcoholism as factors that might influence the stress vulnerability of adolescents. It extended an initial cross‐sectional study of this same sample by adding two annual assessments which allowed for additional cross‐sectional analyses and longitudinal tests. Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents (N=306 at Time 1) completed measures of their own life stress, family conflict, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cross‐sectional analyses at Time 2, and prospective analyses involving Time 1 and Time 2 measures were, for the most part, consistent with the original study's results. Caucasian adolescents and children of alcoholic parents appeared to be more vulnerable to stress than Hispanic adolescents and children of nonalcoholic parents. Family conflict was a partial explanation for this increased vulnerability.
Public knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about homeless people: Evidence for compassion fatigue?
Authors: Link Bruce G. , Schwartz Sharon , Moore Robert , Phelan Jo , Struening Elmer , Stueve Ann , Colten Mary Ellen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMedia reports suggest that the public is becoming impatient with the homeless—that so‐called “compassion fatigue” has gripped the nation. This characterization of public sentiment could have important policy consequences—restrictive measures can be justified by growing public impatience, and progressive housing policies seem infeasible within a hostile climate of opinion. But evidence to support the compassion fatigue notion is anecdotal. We examine the issue by tracking the results of public opinion polls and by reporting detailed evidence from a nationwide random‐digit dial telephone survey (N=1,507) concerning knowledge attitudes and beliefs about homeless people. To be sure, the public sees homelessness as an undesirable social problem and wants something done about it. However, although the homeless are clearly stigmatized, there is little evidence to suggest that the public has lost compassion and is unwilling to support policies to help homeless people.
Empowerment theory, research, and application
Authors: Perkins Douglas D. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue briefly reviews the meaning and significance of the empowerment concept and problems associated with the proliferation of interest in empowerment. We identify some of the topics not included in this issue and relate those to the many broad and diverse areas of psychological empowerment theory and community‐based research and intervention that are covered. We present synopses of each article along with some of the themes and lessons cutting across the frameworks, studies, and applications. These include a wide diversity of settings, fairly representative of empowerment interventions, and, at the same time, improved clarity (if not unanimity) of definitions and measurement, which has been a problem in much empowerment research and intervention.
An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace
Authors: Spreitzer Gretchen M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace posits that empowerment mediates the relationship between the social structural context and behavioral outcomes. The social structural context is operationalized as perceptions of role ambiguity, sociopolitical support, access to strategic information and resources, and work unit culture, whereas behavioral outcomes are operationalized as innovativeness and effectiveness. The model is examined on a sample of 324 middle managers from different units of a Fortune 50 organization. Survey data are examined using a series of regression analyses to assess the mediating effect of intrapersonal. Results suggest that intrapersonal empowerment mediates the relationship between some elements of workplace social structure and innovativeness, but not effectiveness. Although not a mediating mechanism for effectiveness, intrapersonal empowerment is nonetheless directly related to effectiveness (as assessed by the respondent's subordinates). Implications of the results are discussed as are study limitations and directions for future research.
Using empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development
Authors: Fawcett Stephen B. , Paine-Andrews Adrienne , Francisco Vincent T. , Schultz Jerry A. , Richter Kimber P. , Lewis Rhonda K. , Williams Ella L. , Harris Kari J. , Berkley Jannette Y. , Fisher Jacqueline L. , Lopez Christine M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractModels of community empowerment help us understand the process of gaining influence over conditions that matter to people who share neighborhoods, workplaces, experiences, or concerns. Such frameworks can help improve collaborative partnerships for community health and development. First, we outline an interactive model of community empowerment that describes reciprocal influences between personal or group factors and environmental factors in an empowerment process. Second, we describe an iterative framework for the process of empowerment in community partnerships that includes collaborative planning, community action, community change, capacity building, and outcomes, and adaptation, renewal, and institutionalization. Third, we outline activities that are used by community leadership and support organizations to facilitate the process of community empowerment. Fourth, we present case stories of collaborative partnerships for prevention of substance abuse among adolescents to illustrate selected enabling activities. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities of facilitating empowerment with collaborative partnerships for community health and development.
Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power
Authors: Speer Paul W. , Hughey Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn important contribution to empowerment theory and community psychology practice can be made by examining how the concept of social power is developed and manifested in the context of community organizing. Theory and practice may be further informed through an ecological analysis of organizing processes and interventions. Lessons from a national community organizing network highlight the relationship between empowerment and power through a set of organizing principles and a cycle of organizing activity. Perhaps most important is the understanding that a reciprocal relationship exists between development of power for community organizations and individual empowerment for organization members. Implications for empowerment theory in the community organizing domain are provided in a matrix adapted from Zimmerman's description of empowerment processes and outcomes at multiple levels of analysis.
Empowerment meets narrative: Listening to stories and creating settings
Authors: Rappaport Julian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComments on and summarizes some of the themes of a special issue on empowerment. Extends empowerment theory with the suggestion that both research and practice would benefit from a narrative approach that links process to practice and attends to the voices of the people of interest. Narrative theory and method tends to open the field to a more inclusive attitude as to what counts as data and to cross‐disciplinary insights as well as citizen collaboration. Communal narratives are defined at various levels of analysis, including the community, the organizational, and the cultural. A definition of empowerment that includes a concern with resources calls attention to the fact that communal narratives and personal stories are resources. Implications for personal and social change are suggested.
A meta‐analysis of bibliotherapy studies
Authors: Marrs Rick W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsed meta‐analysis to examine the efficacy of bibliotherapy. Bibliotherapy treatments were compared to control groups and therapist‐administered treatments. The mean estimated effect size (d) of the 70 samples analyzed was +0.565. There was no significant differences between the effects of bibliotherapy and therapist‐administered treatments, as well as no significant erosion of effect sizes at follow‐up. Bibliotherapy did appear more effective for certain problem types (assertion training, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction) than for others (weight loss, impulse control, and studying problems). Overall, the amount of therapist contact during bibliotherapy did not seem to relate to effectiveness, but there was evidence that certain problem types (weight loss and anxiety reduction) responded better with increased therapist contact. Recommendations for future research were given, especially for more research on the commonly purchased books and moderator analyses by personality type and reading ability.
Cultural orientation and psychological well‐being in Chinese Americans
Authors: Ying Yu-Wen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExamined cultural orientation in the domains of language proficiency, cultural activity, and social relationship, and its relationship with psychological well‐being in a group of 143 Chinese Americans in San Francisco. Four indicators of psychological well‐being were utilized, two assessing the experience of distress (depression level and negative affect) and two assessing positive well‐being (positive affect and life satisfaction). Domain‐specific cultural orientations were found to hold differential relationships with psychological well‐being. For instance, bicultural activity orientation predicted the best psychological well‐being (regardless as to how it was assessed), but socially separatist individuals experienced less negative affect than assimilated and bicultural respondents. Findings were discussed in the context of the multicultural setting of San Francisco. It is suggested that future research retain separate assessments of domain‐specific cultural orientation, examine the contribution of the community's ethnic/cultural composition to its members' cultural orientations (i.e., address the role of person‐environment fit) and study their impact on psychological well‐being.
Parallel lives: Community psychology in Latin America and the United States
Authors: Montero Maritza 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComparing the history of community psychology as it developed in the U.S. during the 1960s with the community psychology that developed 10 years later in Latin America, one is reminded of the title of Plutarch's masterpice,Parallel Lives. Although there was very little contact or communication between the first community psychologists in these regions, very similar principles and orientations evolved. These similarities are particularly striking given the many ways in which the U.S. and Latin American contexts and histories differ. Since most readers are expected to be familiar with the history of community psychology as it developed in the U.S., this paper focuses primarily on the development of community psychology in Latin America in order to highlight areas of convergence as well as divergence from the U.S. experience.
The development of a measure of enculturation for Native American youth
Authors: Zimmerman Marc A. , Ramirez-Valles Jesus , Washienko Kathleen M. , Walter Benjamin , Dyer Sandra 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEnculturation is the process by which individuals learn about and identify with their ethnic minority culture. It is distinguished from acculturation which refers to the process by which an ethnic minority individual is assimilated into the majority culture. Three studies with Native American youths are reported that describe the development of a measure of enculturation for Native American youths. Development of a measure of enculturation provides a foundation upon which to build a body of literature that focuses on strengths in a youth's life rather than on deficits. Results of the first study (n=120), a confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that cultural affinity, Native American identity, and family involvement in traditional activities adequately represent the construct of enculturation. The study also provides some convergent validity for this interpretation. The second study examines factor invariance for enculturation among youths with data from over 2 years (n=69). The factor structure was similar across time. The third study replicates the factor structure and validity analyses with a new sample (n=42). Usefulness of the measure for assessing protective factors and stressing ethnicity over simple assessment of race categories is discussed.
A study of natural populations of the celery leaf‐miner, Philophylla heraclei L. (Diptera, Tephritidae) II. Importance of changes of mines for larval populations
Authors: Leroi B. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe leaf‐mining larvae of the celery fly, P. heraclei, have the ability to leave their primary mine to bore a secondary mine in another leaflet or leaf. This phenomenon is always numerically significant under natural conditions (depending on the plots and the years, 38 to 97% of the larvae observed made such a change), although it is not an obligatory behavior.The distribution of the secondary mines on the leaflets and on the leaves varies with the importance of the migrations, with the total unoccupied and healthy leaf area and with the relative position of different leaves on the plant. These migrations are due to the insufficiency of healthy food available for the larvae: either because the quantity of parenchyma offered by a leaflet is too small for a larva, or because there is intraspecific competition following multiple egg‐layings on the same leaflet, or because there is a deterioration of the quality of the parenchyma, particularly following the development of celery leaf‐spot.The possibility for the larvae of P. heraclei to bore secondary mines appears to be an extremely important factor in the population dynamics of this species. This permits the reduction of the negative effects of intraspecific competition and celery leaf‐spot, and permits the colonization by the larvae of young leaves not used by the females at the time of egg‐laying.
Concepts of aggregation and their quantification: A critical review with some new results and applications
Authors: Patil G. P. , Stiteler W. M. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryVarious indices of spatial patterns based on plot counts are reviewed for theoretical population models appropriate to ecological studies. It is seen that many of the indices proposed in the literature are essentially equivalent to either the index ω= σ2/μ or to the index γ= (σ2‐μ)/μ2, thus providing a variety of motiviations and interpretations of these two indices as measures of spatial patterns.A vector approach to measuring spatial patterns which suggests both a unifying relationship between these indices and an extension of them is proposed. This leads to an interpretation of the measures of spatial patterns in terms of the transition probabilities of a pure birth process.
A life table of Mogannia iwasakii (Homoptera: Cicadiidae) in sugarcane field of Okinawa
Authors: Nagamine Masaaki , Teruya Rinko , Itô Yosiaki 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA preliminary life table of the sugarcane cicada, Mogannia iwasakii, which became a pest of sugarcane in Okinawa recently, was presented based on the results of field survey. Mortality rates during egg and later nymphal stages were low but a remarkable reduction of the number of individuals in a cohort took place at the 1st nymphal instar, mainly due to predation by ants. Ants also killed the cicada during and just after the final ecdysis and birds concentrated their feeding on adults. Prenatal mortality of adults was, however, low in the infested area, suggesting the ‘escape’ of cicadas from the pressure of predators. This espace is considered to be a factor responsible to the maintainance of outbreak for a long time. Increase in the acreage of ratton canes and wide‐use of organochlorine insecticides during the 1960's were assumed to be the factors responsible to the initial increase of this species.
A granulosis virus, possible biological agent for control of Adoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards
Authors: Itô Yosiaki , Shiga Masakazu , Oho Nobuhiko , Nakazawa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryBased on the results of ecological surveys of Adoxophyes orana and its natural enemies in apple orchards sprayed with the granulosis virus and control plots, we constructed working models to simulate the population dynamics in three different experimental plots; those treated with chemical insecticides, those with granulosis virus, and controls. The number of individuals killed by predators, parasitoids and by miscellaneous mortality factors could be calculated on the assumption of imperfect density relations; that is, relation of the number killed by each factor with the initial number of larvae was represented by a curve with an upper asymptote. We could estimate the proportion of virus infection using curves with upper asymptotes. Rate of increase from pupa to middle instar larvae of the next generation was subject to strong density‐effect.Simulation we proposed in this paper suggests a possibility that a single spray of the virus at 1st generation can reduce not only the number of A. orana larvae in the 2nd and 3rd generations but also the degree of fruits injured by this insect. Spray of chemical insecticide is considered to be ineffective in reducing the pest density and the degree of injury to low levels in subsequent generations, as compared with untreated plot, where the density of the 1st generation larvae is low.
Creating classrooms that students experience as communities
Authors: Solomon Daniel , Watson Marilyn , Battistich Victor , Schaps Eric , Delucchi Kevin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough prior research has shown sense of community in schools to be related to many positive student characteristics, effective interventions that can create or enhance this sense have not been demonstrated. In this paper we describe a comprehensive elementary school program, implemented by teachers, that was successful in creating a sense of community in the classrooms, as perceived by students. The program was implemented in three elementary schools in a suburban school district; three additional schools in the same district served as a comparison group. The program, which emphasized cooperative learning, the importance of democratic and prosocial values, student autonomy and self‐direction, and a child‐centered approach to teaching and classroom management, was experienced by a cohort of students from kindergarten through Grade 4, and by a subset of that cohort through Grade 6. Sense of community was assessed—by questionnaire—in Grades 4, 5, and 6; various student outcomes were assessed via questionnaire and interview. Results indicated that the program was successful in heightening students’ sense of community, and that the sense of community—by itself and in combination with program status—related positively to a number of student outcomes. There was also suggestive evidence that students who experienced their classroom as a community attempted to abide by its norms and values, and that the authority structure of the classroom was an important determinant of students’ experience of community and of some of its observed effects.