bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A representation-learning approach for insurance pricing with images
Authors: Blier-Wong Christopher , Lamontagne Luc , Marceau Etienne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnstructured data are a promising new source of information that insurance companies may use to understand their risk portfolio better and improve the customer experience. However, these novel data sources are difficult to incorporate into existing ratemaking frameworks due to the size and format of the unstructured data. This paper proposes a framework to use street view imagery within a generalized linear model. To do so, we use representation learning to extract an embedding vector containing useful information from the image. This embedding is dense and low dimensional, making it appropriate to use within existing ratemaking models. We find that there is useful information included in street view imagery to predict the frequency of claims for certain types of perils. This model can be used as in a ratemaking framework but also opens the door to future empirical research on attempting to extract which characteristics within the image leads to increased or decreased predicted claim frequencies. Throughout, we discuss the practical difficulties (technical and social) of using this type of data for insurance pricing.
An explainable multi-agent recommendation system for energy-efficient decision support in smart homes
Authors: Zharova Alona , Boer Annika , Knoblauch Julia , Schewina Kai Ingo , Vihs Jana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transparent, understandable, and persuasive recommendations support the electricity consumers’ behavioral change to tackle the energy efficiency problem. This paper proposes an explainable multi-agent recommendation system for load shifting for household appliances. First, we extend a novel multi-agent approach by designing and implementing an Explainability Agent that provides explainable recommendations for optimal appliance scheduling in a textual and visual manner. Second, we enhance the predictive capacity of other agents by including weather data and applying state-of-the-art models (i.e., k-nearest-neighbors, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting, Random Forest, logistic regression, and explainable boosting machines). Since we want to help the user understand a single recommendation, we focus on local explainability approaches. In particular, we apply post-model approaches local, interpretable, model-agnostic explanation and SHapley Additive exPlanations as model-agnostic tools that can explain the predictions of the chosen classifiers. We further provide an overview of the predictive and explainability performance. Our results show a substantial improvement in the performance of the multi-agent system while at the same time opening up the “black box” of recommendations.
A CHARACTERISATION OF SOLUBLE
${PST}$
-GROUPS
Authors: WANG ZHIGANG , LIU A-MING , SAFONOV VASILY G. , SKIBA ALEXANDER N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet G be a finite group. A subgroup A of G is said to be S-permutable in G if A permutes with every Sylow subgroup P of G, that is,
$AP=PA$
. Let
$A_{sG}$
be the subgroup of A generated by all S-permutable subgroups of G contained in A and
$A^{sG}$
be the intersection of all S-permutable subgroups of G containing A. We prove that if G is a soluble group, then S-permutability is a transitive relation in G if and only if the nilpotent residual
$G^{\mathfrak {N}}$
of G avoids the pair
$(A^{s G}, A_{sG})$
, that is,
$G^{\mathfrak {N}}\cap A^{sG}= G^{\mathfrak {N}}\cap A_{sG}$
for every subnormal subgroup A of G.
Inquiry, Questions, and Actions
Authors: Guilielmo Benoit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to the elucidation of the nature of inquiry. I start with some common desiderata for any theory of inquiry. I then categorize inquiry as a structured process. By focusing on its essential components, I advance a new characterization of inquiry as a combination of questioning attitudes guiding actions. Finally, I turn to the recent objection that questioning attitudes are not necessary for inquiry. I argue that inquiry is a structured process essentially constituted by questioning attitudes having two precise functional roles, initiating and guiding the deployment of cognitive capacities towards an epistemic goal.
Wireless vision-based digital media fixed-point DSP processor depending robots for natural calamities
Authors: Mary Joans S. , Gomathi N. , Ponsudha P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNatural calamities are affecting many parts of the world. Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, wildfires, floods and all unpredicted phenomena. Disasters cause emergency conditions, so imperative to coordinate the prompt delivery of essential services to the sufferers. Often, disasters lead many people to perish by becoming trapped inside, but many more also perish as a result of individuals receiving rescue either too late or not at all. The implementation and design of a Receiver module utilizing Davinci code processor DVM6437, Wireless camera receiver, Zigbee Transceiver and Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed in this manuscript for Wireless Vision-based Semi-Autonomous rescue robots that are employed in rough terrain. The receiver side’s Zigbee transceiver module eliminates the limitations of tele-operating rescue robots by enabling the control station to receive GPS data signals and aids in robot management by sending control signals wirelessly. Half and full-duplex communication are supported by the Davinci processor DVM6437, a digital media fixed-point DSP processor that relies on Very Long Instruction Words. It includes an extensive instruction set that is ideal for real-time salvage operations. DVM processor is coded utilizing MATLAB Simulink. MATLAB codes and Simulink blocks are employed under Embedded IDE link.
Career Mobility and Performance Evaluation of China's SOE Managerial Elites
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Liu Feng , Yuan Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the career mobility and performance evaluation of the leaders of China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) at the central, provincial and prefectural levels. Using data on executive turnover within publicly listed SOEs, we find that central and local SOE leaders have a similar career flow pattern. Specifically, vertical mobility within the same business group is common and more than 60 per cent of SOE leaders leave their office within three years. Only a minority of SOE leaders achieve political promotion. We also find that performance evaluation criteria are different across central and local SOEs. The leaders who provide better economic outcomes for central SOEs obtain a higher evaluation score, while close political connections boost the promotion prospects of local SOE leaders. Overall, our findings provide granular evidence on the personnel management of China's SOEs from a comparative perspective.
A systematic review of the cognitive effects of the COMT inhibitor, tolcapone, in adult humans
Authors: Kings Emilia , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone constitutes a potentially useful probe of frontal cortical dopaminergic function. The aim of this systematic review was to examine what is known of effects of tolcapone on human cognition in randomized controlled studies.MethodsThe study protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials examining the effects of tolcapone on human cognition. Identified articles were then screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 22 full-text papers identified, 13 randomized control trials were found to fit the pre-specified criteria. The most consistent finding was that tolcapone modulated working memory; however, the direction of effect appeared to be contingent on the COMT polymorphism (more consistent evidence of improvement in Val–Val participants). There were insufficient nature and number of studies for meta-analysis.ConclusionThe cognitive improvements identified upon tolcapone administration, in some studies, are likely to be due to the level of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex being shifted closer to its optimum, per an inverted U model of prefrontal function. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the small numbers of studies. Given the centrality of cortical dopamine to understanding human cognition, studies using tolcapone in larger samples and across a broader set of cognitive domains would be valuable. It would also be useful to explore the effects of different dosing regimens (different doses; and single versus repeated administration).
Election integrity across Europe: who thinks elections are held fairly and why?
Authors: Goldberg Andreas C. , Plescia Carolina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIf elections are to perform their legitimizing role, they should not only be objectively free, fair and non-fraudulent, but should also be perceived by the public as such. This paper investigates who perceives elections to be fair and why by contrasting two main logics: one based on the idea that perceptions of election integrity arise from external cues voters get from their environment and a second logic claiming that perceptions are internally created based on attitudes and beliefs. We use original survey data collected in ten countries around the European Elections 2019. We find that perceptions of election fairness are unrelated to country levels of integrity but mainly relate to voters’ status as winners/losers of the elections, attachment to the institutions they elect and populist attitudes. We also find beliefs on fake news influence to weakly mediate the relation between populist attitudes and perceptions of election fairness.
NFKBIE mutations are selected by the tumor microenvironment and contribute to immune escape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bonato Alice , Chakraborty Supriya , Bomben Riccardo , Canarutto Giulia , Felician Giulia , Martines Claudio , Zucchetto Antonella , Pozzo Federico , Vujovikj Marija , Polesel Jerry , Chiarenza Annalisa , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Del Poeta Giovanni , D’Arena Giovanni , Marasca Roberto , Tafuri Agostino , Laurenti Luca , Piazza Silvano , Dimovski Aleksandar J. , Gattei Valter , Efremov Dimitar G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations in NFKBIE, which encodes for the NF-κB inhibitor IκBε, are frequent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and certain other B-cell malignancies and have been associated with accelerated disease progression and inferior responses to chemotherapy. Using in vitro and in vivo murine models and primary patient samples, we now show that NFKBIE-mutated CLL cells are selected by microenvironmental signals that activate the NF-κB pathway and induce alterations within the tumor microenvironment that can allow for immune escape, including expansion of CD8+ T-cells with an exhausted phenotype and increased PD-L1 expression on the malignant B-cells. Consistent with the latter observations, we find increased expression of exhaustion markers on T-cells from patients with NFKBIE-mutated CLL. In addition, we show that NFKBIE-mutated murine CLL cells display selective resistance to ibrutinib and report inferior outcomes to ibrutinib treatment in NFKBIE-mutated CLL patients. These findings suggest that NFKBIE mutations can contribute to CLL progression through multiple mechanisms, including a bidirectional crosstalk with the microenvironment and reduced sensitivity to BTK inhibitor treatment.
Rhesus infant nervous temperament predicts peri-adolescent central amygdala metabolism & behavioral inhibition measured by a machine-learning approach
Authors: Holley D. , Campos L. J. , Drzewiecki C. M. , Zhang Y. , Capitanio J. P. , Fox A. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnxiety disorders affect millions of people worldwide and impair health, happiness, and productivity on a massive scale. Developmental research points to a connection between early-life behavioral inhibition and the eventual development of these disorders. Our group has previously shown that measures of behavioral inhibition in young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) predict anxiety-like behavior later in life. In recent years, clinical and basic researchers have implicated the central extended amygdala (EAc)—a neuroanatomical concept that includes the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST)—as a key neural substrate for the expression of anxious and inhibited behavior. An improved understanding of how early-life behavioral inhibition relates to an increased lifetime risk of anxiety disorders—and how this relationship is mediated by alterations in the EAc—could lead to improved treatments and preventive strategies. In this study, we explored the relationships between infant behavioral inhibition and peri-adolescent defensive behavior and brain metabolism in 18 female rhesus monkeys. We coupled a mildly threatening behavioral assay with concurrent multimodal neuroimaging, and related those findings to various measures of infant temperament. To score the behavioral assay, we developed and validated UC-Freeze, a semi-automated machine-learning (ML) tool that uses unsupervised clustering to quantify freezing. Consistent with previous work, we found that heightened Ce metabolism predicted elevated defensive behavior (i.e., more freezing) in the presence of an unfamiliar human intruder. Although we found no link between infant-inhibited temperament and peri-adolescent EAc metabolism or defensive behavior, we did identify infant nervous temperament as a significant predictor of peri-adolescent defensive behavior. Our findings suggest a connection between infant nervous temperament and the eventual development of anxiety and depressive disorders. Moreover, our approach highlights the potential for ML tools to augment existing behavioral neuroscience methods.
BARD1 deletion in a patient with suspected hereditary colorectal cancer
Authors: Takaiso Nobue , Imoto Issei , Yoshimura Akiyo , Ouchi Akira , Komori Koji , Iwata Hiroji , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deleterious germline variants in the BRCA1-associated ring domain (BARD1) gene moderately elevate breast cancer risk; however, their potential association with other neoplasms remains unclear. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma whose maternal family members met the Amsterdam Criteria II for Lynch syndrome. Comprehensive multigene panel testing revealed a heterozygous BARD1 exon 3 deletion.
Near-field detection of gate-tunable anisotropic plasmon polaritons in black phosphorus at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Pogna Eva A. A. , Pistore Valentino , Viti Leonardo , Li Lianhe , Davies A. Giles , Linfield Edmund H. , Vitiello Miriam S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolaritons in two-dimensional layered crystals offer an effective solution to confine, enhance and manipulate terahertz (THz) frequency electromagnetic waves at the nanoscale. Recently, strong THz field confinement has been achieved in a graphene-insulator-metal structure, exploiting THz plasmon polaritons (PPs) with strongly reduced wavelength (λp ≈ λ0/66) compared to the photon wavelength λ0. However, graphene PPs propagate isotropically, complicating the directional control of the THz field, which, on the contrary, can be achieved exploiting anisotropic layered crystals, such as orthorhombic black-phosphorus. Here, we detect PPs, at THz frequencies, in hBN-encapsulated black phosphorus field effect transistors through THz near-field photocurrent nanoscopy. The real-space mapping of the thermoelectrical near-field photocurrents reveals deeply sub-wavelength THz PPs (λp ≈ λ0/76), with dispersion tunable by electrostatic control of the carrier density. The in-plane anisotropy of the dielectric response results into anisotropic polariton propagation along the armchair and zigzag crystallographic axes of black-phosphorus. The achieved directional subwavelength light confinement makes this material system a versatile platform for sensing and quantum technology based on nonlinear optics.
Proinflammatory polarization of engineered heat-inducible macrophages reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment during cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xue Yanan , Yan Xiaojie , Li Da , Dong Shurong , Ping Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe success of macrophage-based adoptive cell therapy is largely constrained by poor polarization from alternatively activated (M2-like) to classically activated (M1-like) phenotype in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we show that the engineered macrophage (eMac) with a heat-inducible genetic switch can induce both self-polarization of adoptively transferred eMac and re-polarization of tumour-associated macrophages in response to mild temperature elevation in a mouse model. The locoregional production of proinflammatory cytokines by eMac in the TME dose not only induces the strong polarization of macrophages into a classically activated phenotype, but also ensures that the side effects typical for systemically administrate proinflammatory cytokines are avoided. We also present a wearable warming device which is adaptable for human patients and can be remotely controlled by a smartphone. In summary, our work represents a safe and efficient adoptive transfer immunotherapy method with potential for human translation.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes via dynamic kinetic resolution
Authors: Li Jiayan , Dong Ziyang , Chen Yang , Yang Zhanhui , Yan Xinen , Wang Meng , Li Chenyang , Zhao Changgui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlanar-chiral cyclophanes have gained considerable concerns for drug discovery due to their unique conformational strain and 3D structure. However, the enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes is a long-standing challenge for the synthetic community. We herein describe an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed asymmetric construction of planar-chiral cyclophanes. This transformation occurs through a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process to convert racemic substrates into planar-chiral macrocycle scaffolds in good to high yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The ansa chain length and aromatic ring substituent size is crucial to achieve the DKR approach. Controlled experiments and DFT calculations were performed to clarify the DKR process.
Immunopeptidomics-based identification of naturally presented non-canonical circRNA-derived peptides
Authors: Ferreira Humberto J. , Stevenson Brian J. , Pak HuiSong , Yu Fengchao , Almeida Oliveira Jessica , Huber Florian , Taillandier-Coindard Marie , Michaux Justine , Ricart-Altimiras Emma , Kraemer Anne I. , Kandalaft Lana E. , Speiser Daniel E. , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Müller Markus , Bassani-Sternberg Michal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed non-coding RNAs lacking the 5’ cap and the poly-A tail. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that certain circRNAs can undergo active translation. Therefore, aberrantly expressed circRNAs in human cancers could be an unexplored source of tumor-specific antigens, potentially mediating anti-tumor T cell responses. This study presents an immunopeptidomics workflow with a specific focus on generating a circRNA-specific protein fasta reference. The main goal of this workflow is to streamline the process of identifying and validating human leukocyte antigen (HLA) bound peptides potentially originating from circRNAs. We increase the analytical stringency of our workflow by retaining peptides identified independently by two mass spectrometry search engines and/or by applying a group-specific FDR for canonical-derived and circRNA-derived peptides. A subset of circRNA-derived peptides specifically encoded by the region spanning the back-splice junction (BSJ) are validated with targeted MS, and with direct Sanger sequencing of the respective source transcripts. Our workflow identifies 54 unique BSJ-spanning circRNA-derived peptides in the immunopeptidome of melanoma and lung cancer samples. Our approach enlarges the catalog of source proteins that can be explored for immunotherapy.
Complexes of tubulin oligomers and tau form a viscoelastic intervening network cross-bridging microtubules into bundles
Authors: Kohl Phillip A. , Song Chaeyeon , Fletcher Bretton J. , Best Rebecca L. , Tchounwou Christine , Garcia Arceo Ximena , Chung Peter J. , Miller Herbert P. , Wilson Leslie , Choi Myung Chul , Li Youli , Feinstein Stuart C. , Safinya Cyrus R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe axon-initial-segment (AIS) of mature neurons contains microtubule (MT) fascicles (linear bundles) implicated as retrograde diffusion barriers in the retention of MT-associated protein (MAP) tau inside axons. Tau dysfunction and leakage outside of the axon is associated with neurodegeneration. We report on the structure of steady-state MT bundles in varying concentrations of Mg2+ or Ca2+ divalent cations in mixtures containing αβ-tubulin, full-length tau, and GTP at 37 °C in a physiological buffer. A concentration-time kinetic phase diagram generated by synchrotron SAXS reveals a wide-spacing MT bundle phase (Bws), a transient intermediate MT bundle phase (Bint), and a tubulin ring phase. SAXS with TEM of plastic-embedded samples provides evidence of a viscoelastic intervening network (IN) of complexes of tubulin oligomers and tau stabilizing MT bundles. In this model, αβ-tubulin oligomers in the IN are crosslinked by tau’s MT binding repeats, which also link αβ-tubulin oligomers to αβ-tubulin within the MT lattice. The model challenges whether the cross-bridging of MTs is attributed entirely to MAPs. Tubulin-tau complexes in the IN or bound to isolated MTs are potential sites for enzymatic modification of tau, promoting nucleation and growth of tau fibrils in tauopathies.
Autophagy regulates the maturation of hematopoietic precursors in the embryo
Authors: Liu Yumin , Shi Linjuan , Chen Yifan , Luo Sifan , Chen Yuehang , Chen Hongtian , Lan Wenlang , Lu Xun , Cao Zhan , Ye Zehua , Li Jinping , Yu Bo , Dzierzak Elaine , Li Zhuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn understanding of the mechanisms regulating embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development would facilitate their regeneration. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region is the site for HSC production from hemogenic endothelial cells (HEC). While several distinct regulators are involved in this process, it is not yet known whether macroautophagy (autophagy) plays a role in hematopoiesis in the pre-liver stage. Here, we show that different states of autophagy exist in hematopoietic precursors and correlate with hematopoietic potential based on the LC3-RFP-EGFP mouse model. Deficiency of autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) specifically in endothelial cells disrupts endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT), by blocking the autophagic process. Using combined approaches, including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we have confirmed that Atg5 deletion interrupts developmental temporal order of EHT to further affect the pre-HSC I maturation, and that autophagy influences hemogenic potential of HEC and the formation of pre-HSC I likely via the nucleolin pathway. These findings demonstrate a role for autophagy in the formation/maturation of hematopoietic precursors.