bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature upon linolenic acid level in wheat and rye seedlings
Authors: Farkas Tibor , Déri‐Hadlaczky Éva , Belea Adonisz 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition, of leaves of nine wheat and one rye species was studied in relation to temperature both under laboratory and field conditions. Seedings exposed to cold (2 C) either in laboratory or on fild had higher levels of linolenic acid in their lipids than their greenhouse (22 C) germinated controls. The increase of the level of linolenic acid was accompanied by a decrease in the level of linoleic acid in field grown species. A relationship seems to exist between sensitivity to cold and accumulation of linolenic acid; those species resistant to cold displayed greater increase in their linolenic acids than those more sensitive to chilling temperatures. This response in cold resistant species was quite rapid, two days of cold exposure resulted in a significant increase of linolenic acid. The possible mechanisms responsible for the observed changes are discussed.
Isolation of a pure isomer of linoleic acid hydroperoxide
Authors: Gardner H. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA mixture of positional isomers of linoleic acid hydroperoxide was produced from the oxidation of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase from corn or soybean. Chromatography on a column of silicic acid separated 13‐hydroperoxy‐11,9‐octadecadienoic acid in 99+% purity from the mixture obtained by soybean lipoxygenase oxidation of linoleic acid. Attempts at isolation of pure 9‐hydroperoxy‐10,12‐octadecadienoic acid from hydroperoxides obtained by corn lipoxygenase oxygenation of linoleic acid were partially successful with isolation of the 9‐hydroperoxide in 97% purity.
In vitro studies on interaction of rat pancreatic lipase and colipase with biliary lipids
Authors: Lairon D. , Nalbone G. , Domingo N. , Lafont H. , Hauton J. , Julien R. , Rathelot J. , Canioni P. , Sarda L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipase and colipase were prepared separately from rat pancreatic juice, and their respective interaction with biliary lipids was investigated by gel filtration on agarose in the presence of a micellar solution of sodium taurocholate. It was found that the cofactor can associate with the biliary lipids, whereas the enzyme forms a high mol wt complex only in the presence of colipase. It is suggested that biliary phospholipids might participate in the in vivo formation of the enzyme‐cofactor substrate complex at the triglyceride‐water interface in the presence of bile salts.
The lactone precursor in fresh milk fat: Identification of the hydroxy fatty acids
Authors: Jane Wyatt C. , Pereira R. L. , Day E. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of hydroxy fatty acids was identified from a polar glyceride milk‐fat fraction. These acids were identified as trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether methyl ester derivatives. Identification was achieved by mass spectral analysis and comparison of gas chromatographic retention times with authentic compounds. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the TMS ether methyl esters were obtained, and correlation of important ions for structural identifications were made. In addition, semiquantitative data are presented.
The renal phospholipid composition of choline‐deficient rats
Authors: Fewster Mona E. , Hall Michael O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe base composition of the phospholipids involved in the N‐methylation pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl choline was determined in normal and severely hemorrhagic rat kidneys. There was a decrease in the proportion of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine in the renal total lipids. The significant decrease of phosphatidyl ethanolamine in the kidney phospholipids appears to implicate this phospholipid to a greater extent than phosphatidyl choline in the etiology of the hemorrhagic syndrome.
Identification and composition of turnip root lipids
Authors: Lepage Marius 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo varieties of turnip, Laurentian and Wye, were examined for their lipid and fatty acid composition. Lipids extracted with 80% ethanol contained variable quantities of phosphatidic acid, which was considered to be an artifact. Crude lipids were fractionated by TLC, and fatty acids and sterols were analyzed by GLC. Among the common phospholipids, cardiolipid and phosphatidyl glycerol were abundant components. Linolenic acid comprised 60% of the total fatty acids. β‐Sitosterol was the principal sterol, and about half of the carotenoids was lycopene. No great differences between the two varieties studied were observed however.
Specific formation of arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol from 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylinositol in rat liver
Authors: Holub B. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe conversion of 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylinositol‐3H into phosphatidylinositol‐3H was studied using rat liver microsomal and homogenate preparations. The nature of the molecular species of phosphatidyl inositol so formed in the absence of added acyl moieties was determined after fractionating the radioactive product by means of argentation thin layer chromatography. In other experiments, the possible specificity of the microsomal acyl‐CoA:1‐acyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylinositol acyltransferase towards different acyl‐CoA derivatives was investigated. Maximum conversion of 1‐acyl GPI to the diacyl analogue was dependent on the addition of adenosine triphosphate and CoA when exogenous acyl groups were omitted from the incubation medium. Under these latter conditions, the tetraenoic species comprised 56–74% of the total molecular species of newly‐formed phosphatidylinositol. The microsomal acyl‐CoA:1‐acyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylinositol acyltransferase showed a marked preference for arachidonoyl‐CoA. The present results suggest that the enrichment of rat liver phosphatidyl inositol in arachidonic acid may arise when 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylinositol is acylated to form phosphatidylinositol.
Effect of cold stress on rapeseed oil fed rats
Authors: Hulan H. W. , Kramer J. K. G. , Mahadevan S. , Sauer F. D. , Corner A. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNo mortality was observed in 6 week old male Sprague‐Dawley rats subjected to cold at 4 C for 3 weeks and fed either a control diet (Chow) or a semisynthetic diet containing 20% by wt rapeseed oil high in erucic acid (23.6%). All rats fed the Chow diet and 17 of 20 rats fed the rapeseed oil‐containing diet survived 4 weeks in the same environment. Three rats on the latter diet died of self‐mutilation. Marked myocardial lipidosis as well as a large accumulation of 20∶1 and 22∶1 was observed in the hearts of rats fed the rapeseed oil‐containing diet. Five of 20 rats on the Chow diet and 2 of 20 rats on the rapeseed oil‐containing diet had focal necrotic areas in the myocardium.
Neutral lipid composition ofCulex quinquefasciatus andCulex tritaeniorhynchus cells at two phases of growth
Authors: Yang T. K. , McMeans E. , Anderson L. E. , Jenkin H. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mosquito cellsCulex quinquefasciatus andCulex tritaeniorhynchus were grown in spinner cultures. The fatty acid profiles of the neutral lipid classes were analyzed, and comparisons were made between the two species at logarithmic and stationary phases of growth and between the species and the medium. The results from the data suggest an increase in the average chain length of the fatty acids in the free fatty acid and sterol ester fractions of theCulex quinquefasciatus cells with aging. From the logarithmic to stationary phase, both Culex cells showed some increase in desaturation of acids in the di‐ and triglyceride and free fatty acid fractions. TheCulex tritaeniorhynchus cells also showed some increase in desaturation of acids in the monoglyceride fraction. Differences between the twoCulex species at the logarithmic phase of growth were observed in the fatty acid profiles of all the neutral lipid fractions examined and at the stationary phase of growth in the free fatty acid, triglyceride, and sterol ester fractions.
Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in swine
Authors: Huang William Y. , Kummerow Fred A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn incubation studies with swine tissue slices, acetate‐1‐14C or glucose‐U‐14C as substrates were incorporated more readily into fatty acids and cholesterol in adipose tissue than other tissues tested. Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesizing activity was substantial in the small intestine. When acetate was available, liver, small intestine, and adipose tissue were important sites for cholesterol synthesis. Heart and aortic tissue had marginal levels of cholesterol synthesizing ability. Lipogenesis in adult swine liver, heart, and aortic tissue was extremely low. As in tissue slices, incorporation of acetyl‐1‐14C CoA into fatty acids by adipose homogenates indicated high lipogenic activity. Subcellular fractionations of heart and aortic tissue indicated that the heart microsomal fraction had the highest lipogenic activity as measured by the incorporation of acetyl‐1‐14C CoA into fatty acids. In adult swine adipose tissue, the incorporation of glucose‐U‐14C into fatty acid was higher than its incorporation into glyceride‐glycerol. The synthesis of glyceride‐glycerol from glucose‐U‐14C or acetate‐1‐14C in liver was higher than for fatty acid synthesis. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate cleavage enzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐malate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was considerably higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues tested, paralleling its high lipogenic capacity.
Monocarboxylic acids from oxidation of acyclic isoprenoid alkanes byMycobacterium fortuitum
Authors: Cox R. E. , Maxwell J. R. , Myers R. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMycobacterium fortuitum utilizes certain stereoisomeric mixtures of individual multimethyl branched alkanes as sole carbon source, including 2,6(R), 10(S), 14 (RS)‐tetramethylhexadecane; 2,6(R),10(S),14(RS)‐tetramethylheptadecane; 2,6(RS),10(RS)‐trimethyltetradecane, and 2,6(R),10(S)‐trimethylpentadecane. Products of oxidation isolated from the bacterial lipids were acids derived predominantly from oxidation of the isopropyl terminus of each alkane, except in the case of 2,6(RS),10(RS)‐trimethyltetradecane. With the latter, acids from oxidation at either terminus were detected in comparable proportions.
Clinical evaluation of MK‐185: A new hypolipidemic drug
Authors: Sirtori Cesare , Hurwitz Aryeh , Sabih Khalid , Azarnoff Daniel L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA double‐blind crossover study in 11 patients suggests that MK‐185 may be a useful drug in lowering plasma triglyceride levels, whereas it has minimal effects on cholesterol levels. A good correlation between the hypouricemic and protein bound iodine lowering effects and plasma level of MK‐185 was seen. No correlation with the hypolipidemic effect was noted.
A review of studies on the mode of action of clofibrate and betabenzalbutyrate
Authors: Fallon Harold J. , Adams Larry L. , Lamb Robert G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractClofibrate and betabenzalbutyrate produce a variety of metabolic alterations in vivo. These include reduction in serum triglyceride and alterations in adipose tissue uptake and release of lipids. Clofibrate displaces thyroxine from albumin binding sites and produces an enlargement of liver and changes in ultrastructure. The biochemical changes produced by clofibrate include reduction in adenyl cyclase activity, inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and inhibition of triglyceride formation. Recent studies in this laboratory have shown that the inhibition of hepatic triglyceride formation is an early metabolic consequence of clofibrate administration and precedes the fall in serum triglyceride and several of the other biochemical alterations. Moreover clofibrate and betabenzalbutyrate inhibit the esterification ofsn‐glycerol‐3‐P by rat liver homogenate and microsomal preparations. The initial step in this pathway, acyl‐CoA‐sn‐glycerol‐3‐P acyltransferase, is inhibited by both drugs, in vitro. It is possible that this in vitro inhibition explains the early hypotriglyceridemic effect of these agents.
Inhibition of the plasma lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase reaction by hydrogen peroxide and peroxidized lecithin
Authors: Mickel Hubert S. , Foulds Emmett L. , Clark Dale A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInhibition of the plasma lecithincholesterol acyltransferase reaction by hydrogen peroxide and peroxidized lipids was studied by two methods: a radiochemical tracer technique and a direct colorimetric assay. Protection of sulfhydryl groups withp‐chloromercuribenzoate, prior to exposure to peroxide, resulted in restoration of acyltransferase activity on removal of the inhibitors with mercaptoethanol. On the basis of these observations, it is proposed that lipid peroxides inhibit the plasma lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase reaction by alteration of sulfhydryl groups necessary for enzymatic activity.
Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by β‐benzal butyric acid and derivatives
Authors: Porcellati G. , Giorgini D. , Toja E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCholesterol biosynthesis has been examined using rat liver slices in vitro from 2‐14C‐acetate and 2‐14C‐mevalonate, in the presence of β‐benzal butyric acid (BBA) and its metabolite, α‐hydroxy β‐benzal butyric acid (HBBA), both of which are postulated to act as potential hypocholesterolemic agents. Procedures have been devised to follow radioactivity incorporation of these precursors into the squalene, lanosterol and cholesterol fractions. The results show that cholesterol synthesis from labeled acetate is noticeably inhibited by BBA final concentrations as small as 10 μM, while the rate of labeling is much less inhibited by HBBA. When acetate is replaced by labeled mevalonate, cholesterol synthesis is hardly inhibited by both BBA and HBBA. The results indicate that BBA probably affects some of the reactions which lead acetate to mevalonate formation. Acetyl‐CoA: ligase (E.C.6.2.1.1) and acetyl‐CoA acetyl transferase (E.C.2.3.1.) therefore have been examined. Ligase activity is substantially inhibited only by 1 mM concentration of BBA and HBBA, whereas the transferase enzyme is unaffected. BBA probably affects other reactions in the metabolic sequence which converts acetate into mevalonate.
γ‐Linolenic acid inAcer seed oils
Authors: Bohannon M. B. , Kleiman R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe octadecatrienoic acids inAcer negundo L. (maple family) seed oil include both 9,12,15‐ (1%) and 6.9,12‐(7%) isomers. The chief monoenoic acids identified were 9‐octadecenoic (21%), 11‐eicosenoic (7%), 13‐docosenoic (15%), and 15‐tetracosenoic (7%). Also present is a considerable amount of 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid. Investigation of ten other Aceraceae revealed their seed oils to have a similar fatty acid composition.
Rate of restoration of cardiolipin and other major phospholipids during liver regeneration in rat
Authors: Fex Göran , Thorzell Kerstin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rate of restoration of liver phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, during liver regeneration after two‐thirds partial hepatectomy, was studied. Preoperative content of cardiolipin was not restored during the first week of regeneration, while this was the case for the other major liver phospholipids. The observations are discussed in relation to the morphogenesis of mitochondria during liver regeneration.
Effect of dietary safflower oil upon lipogenesis in neonatal lamb
Authors: Vernon Richard G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of dietary safflower oil upon lipogenesis has been investigated in neonatal lambs. Preliminary experiments with lambs suckled by their mothers showed that there was a 10‐fold increase in the rate of incorporation of [14C] from acetate into fatty acids in adipose tissue slices during the first 10 days post partum. Barely detectable rates of [14C] acetate incorporation into fatty acids were found in liver slices from lambs during the same period. In lambs given cows' milk from birth until 11 days of age, there was also a 10‐fold increase in the rate of lipogenesis in adipose tissue slices. Supplementing the diet of cows' milk with safflower oil (5 ml/lamb/day) resulted in significantly lower rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue slices from 11 day old lambs. Administration of safflower oil had no effect upon the concentration of unesterified fatty acids, including linoleic acid, in the lamb adipose tissue slices. The data show that lipogenesis in ovine adipose tissue, like that in rodent liver and adipose tissue, is sensitive to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, and that, for the neonatal lamb, the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids upon lipogenesis is not dependent upon an increase in the tissue concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Fatty acid and aldehyde composition of major phospholipids in salt gland of marine birds and spiny dogfish
Authors: Bergh C. ‐H. , Larson G. , Samuelsson B. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipophilic components of choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides obtained from the salt gland of herring gull and eider duck and from the rectal gland of spiny dogfish were investigated by means of thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. All phospholipids analyzed were shown to contain small amounts of plasmalogens, and mainly C16, C18, and C18∶1 aldehyde was detected. The fatty acids were composed of saturated, unsaturated, straight chain, and branched chain types, ranging between 14–22 carbon atoms. The lipophilic composition of the rectal gland phospholipids showed a higher degree of unsaturation and the presence of more branched chain fatty acids than that of the birds, possibly related to body temperature.
Composition of liver lipids of the rat during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Smith R. W. , Walsh A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTriglyceride concentrations in rat liver rose during late pregnancy, declined at peak lactation, and then rose again during involution. The percentage of oleate in the triglycerides rose at peak lactation, but that of linoleate fell. Although phospholipid concentrations were unchanged, the percentage of palmitate in this fraction rose, and those of stearate and arachidonate fell during pregnancy and lactation. These changes may be related to the changes in lipogenesis and fat mobilization that occur during pregnancy and lactation.
Comparison of phospholipid composition ofAedes aegypti andAedes albopictus cells obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth
Authors: Jenkin H. M. , McMeans E. , Anderson L. E. , Yang T. ‐K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAedes aegypti andAedes albopictus cells were grown in tissue culture and harvested at logarithmic and stationary phases of development. The phospholipids were extracted, separated into lipid classes, and fatty acid composition of each fraction determined. The phosphatidylethanolamine fraction was the major lipid (42–54%). With aging, theA. aegypti cells showed an increase in polyenes in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions and in monoenes and polyenes in the phosphatidylinositol fraction. The lysophosphatidylcholine fraction had an increase in chain length of the fatty acids with aging of theA. aegypti cells. TheA. albopictus cells, with aging, showed increases in chain length and in the relative percentage of polyenes in the lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine fractions. In the phosphatidylinositol fraction, chain elongation of fatty acids occurred as the cells aged. In the ceramide phosphorylcholine fraction, there were increases in saturation and chain elongation of the fatty acids from the logarithmic to the stationary phase of theA. albopictus cells. An increase in polyenes was observed with aging of the cells in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction.
Furanoid fatty acids from fish lipids
Authors: Glass Robert L. , Krick Thomas P. , Sand Donald M. , Rahn Curtis H. , Schlenk Hermann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFatty acids, recently reported as constitutents of certain fish lipids, were identified to be derivatives of furan (furanoid fish fatty acids). 12,15‐Epoxy‐13,14‐dimethyleicosa‐12,14‐dienoic acid is predominant among the furan acids and is associated withbis‐homologs in regard to chain length. Monomethyl acids, such as 12,15‐epoxy‐13‐methyleicosa‐12,14‐dienoic, are present in appreciable amounts. The structures were concluded from oxidative degradations, from mass spectrometry of methyl esters of the novel acids and fatty acids derived from them by opening the ring, and from nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Raman spectra. The results from chemical procedures and from spectrometric methods were in aggreement with those obtained with authentic methyl 9,12‐epoxyoctadeca‐9,11‐dienoate. The number of substituents at the furan ring greatly influences hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and hydrolysis reactions of the ring.
Unsaturated C18 α‐hydroxy acids inSalvia nilotica
Authors: Bohannon M. B. , Kleiman R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe oil ofSalvia nilotica Jacq. (Labiatae) seed contains 0.6% α‐hydroxyoleic, 4.2% α‐hydroxylinoleic, and 5.4% α‐hydroxylinolenic acids. The first two have not been found previously in seed oils. In addition to the common fatty acids, also identified were small amounts of three unsaturated C17 acids and one branched chain C17 acid. Methyl esters of the component fatty acids were fractionated by both column and thin‐layer chromatography. These esters were identified by combination of gas chromatography, GC‐mass spectrometry, ozonolysis‐GC, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
Mass spectrometric analysis of the fatty acids and nonsaponifiable lipids ofEimeria tenella oocysts
Authors: Weppelman R. M. , Vandenheuvel W. J. A. , Wang C. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acids and nonsaponifiable lipids ofEimeria tenella oocysts were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and combined gas liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The fatty acids detected were identified as C14∶0, C16∶0, C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1, and C18∶2. Though the wt of the fatty acid fraction decreased during sporulation from 91 μg per 106 oocysts to 47 μg per 106 oocysts, the relative amounts of these fatty acids did not change appreciably. The nonsaponifiable lipids ofE. tenella consisted of cholesterol and unbranched primary alcohols of 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, and 32 carbons. Mass fragmentography demonstrated that each species of alcohol consisted of saturated and monounsaturated derivatives. Trimethylsilyl ethers of fatty alcohols were found to offer several important advantages over free alcohols for mass spectrometric characterization. Before sporulation, most fatty alcohols were in the oocyst wall. During sporulation, the wt of the nonsaponifiable lipids increased from 16 μg per 106 oocysts of 44 μg per 106 oocysts due largely to synthesis of C24 and C26 alcohols. The newly synthesized fatty alcohols were not deposited in the oocyst wall.
Relationship between desaturation and chain elongation of palmityl‐CoA in rat liver microsomes
Authors: Nakagawa M. , Kawashima Y. , Uchiyama M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe relationship between desaturation and chain elongation of palmityl‐CoA was studied in rat liver microsomes. Enzyme activities for desaturation and chain elongation were stimulated by re‐feeding starved rats. The activities of desaturation and chain elongation in re‐fed rats were four‐ and twofold greater than those in normal rats, respectively. When a sonicated dispersion of lecithin was added to the incubation medium containing both reactions, chain elongation activity, especially formation of stearic acid, was stimulated and desaturation activity was apparently depressed.