bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human α1‐microglobulin: Its measurement and clinical significance
Authors: Itoh Yoshihisa , Kawai Tadashi 
Published: March 2007

Abstractα1‐Microglobulin (α1‐M), also called protein HC, is a low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) glycoprotein (about 30 kDa) with unique physicochemical properties. Using purified urinary α1‐M as a standard and specific antibody against α1‐M, an assay system for α1‐M was developed, and the clinical significance of this protein was investigated by measuring total levels of α1‐M under physiological and pathological conditions. α1‐M is distributed in various body fluids: in serum, it consists mainly of free LMW α1‐M and monomeric IgA–α1‐M complex. The total α1‐M level in serum and urine usually reflects LMW α1‐M variation sensitively, and its determination is quite useful as an indicator of renal glomerulotubular dysfunction and hepatic dysfunction. Serum levels can vary, depending on IgA‐α1‐M complex level, in parallel with the IgA concentration. The heterogeneity of α1‐M purified from different sources of urine by different procedures and underestimation of IgA‐α1‐M complex by solid‐phase antibody assays can be important causes for the discrepancy of serum levels between assays.
Alloalbumin in cerebrospinal fluid: Report of a case and remarks on physiopathology
Authors: Banfi Giuseppe , Marinelli Marcello , Comi Giancarlo , Martinelli Vittorio , Bonini Pierangelo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlloalbumin Tagliacozzo(313Lys→ Asn) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of a 27‐yr‐old woman. We studied this rare finding by means of high‐resolution electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and immunofixation. We herein discuss the importance of molecular mass versus superficial electrical charge in the transfer of plasma proteins through the blood‐brain barrier.
Effect of azidothymidine on soluble cd4 levels in patients with aids or aids‐related complex
Authors: Reddy Mohan M. , Grieco Michael H. , Vodian Morton 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCirculating soluble CD4 (sCD4) levels were measured in 20 patients (11 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] and 9 with AIDS‐related complex [ARC]) treated with azidothymidine (AZT) and in 12 patients (nine with AIDS and three with ARC) who were in the placebo group. The mean CD4 level in the AZT treatment group at baseline was 41 ± 12 (SEM) U/ml. After 4 wk of treatment, the mean level decreased to 23 ± 5; it was29 ± 10,31 ± 14, and 21 ± 5 at 8,12, and 16 wk of therapy, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. These results suggest that AZT administration may be associated with reduced sCD4 levels in these patients.
Experimental approach to the study of immune function in children with possible human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Cunningham‐Rundles S. , Yeger‐Arbitman R. , Edelson P. , Sanders D. , Giardina P. V. , Hilgartner M. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe clinical immunology laboratory is often called on to assess risk in pediatric patients with clinical evidence of immunodeficiency and possible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure while antibody tests are being considered or are underway. Since non–HIV‐related conditions including neoplasia, certain viruses, and primary immunodeficiency can potentially produce lymphocyte subset imbalance and functional impairment, there is need for a laboratory approach to differential analysis of pediatric immunodeficiency. In addition, laboratory methods may also influence the results obtained. In order to investigate these issues, we screened pediatric patients with and without HIV exposure. Altered lymphocyte subset expression and function were found among non‐HIV‐infected pediatric patients. The use of percentage and absolute lymphocyte numbers was found to affect the results obtained in a significant manner. Some patients who were chronic blood transfusion recipients were found to have blocking factors, presumably alloantibodies, in serum, which affected detection of lymphocyte surface antigens. In this population, age at seroconversion was a factor influencing subsequent levels of CD4 + T lymphocytes. Significant differences in CD4+ T lymphocyte percentages were also observed in children congenitally exposed to HIV compared with controls, even among those children with CD4/CD8 ratios greater than 1.0, who therefore had possibly escaped infection. Immune changes in children should be interpreted with caution.
Diagnostic value of measuring pancreatic isoamylase with a double–monoclonal antibody immunoassay in serum of hospitalized hyperamylasemic patients
Authors: Panteghini Mauro , Pagani Franca 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the diagnostic utility of measuring pancreatic isoamylase (P‐AMY) with a double‐monoclonal antibody technique in a population of 43 consecutive hospitalized hyperamylasemic patients in comparison with serum pancreatic lipase (LPS) activity. In 27 cases (62.8%), the final diagnosis was acute pancreatitis. Predictive values were calculated for P‐AMY and LPS activities, and a P‐AMY percentage was calculated for selected decision levels. The maximal diagnostic efficiency was 0.930, 0.814, and 0.767 for LPS, P‐AMY activity, and P‐AMY percentage, respectively, indicating that serum LPS measurement was clinically superior to P‐AMY for distinguishing patients with or without pancreatitis. Measurement of both P‐AMY activity and percentage in serum did not significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.
Identical igm antibodies recognizing a glycine‐alanine epitope are induced during acute infection with epstein‐barr virus and cytomegalovirus
Authors: Rhodes Gary , Rubin Ruth E. , Vaughan John , Smith Richard S. , Horwitz Charles A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied antibody production in serial serum samples from patients with acute Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Sera were analyzed both by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a synthetic peptide (P62) derived from the glycine‐alanine repeating region of the Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA‐1) and by immunoblotting. In prior studies, we have shown that patients with acute EBV infection make IgM antibodies that react with this peptide, that recognize a viral‐specific protein (EBNA‐l), and that bind with a number of proteins present in uninfected cells; however, antibody binding to these autoantigens was inhibited by the peptide. IgG antibodies reactive with the peptide did not appear until months after the disease and were specific for the EBNA‐1 protein. We now find that patients with acute CMV infection but not those with acute infections from a variety of other nonherpes organisms also produce IgM antibodies that recognize the EBV‐derived peptide P62. These antibodies also appear to recognize the same cellular proteins as the EBV‐induced IgM antibodies. The IgM antibodies appeared in all acutely infected CMV patients studied and occurred both in patients with previous EBV infections and in one patient studied who had not previously been exposed to EBV. It appears that infection with EBV or CMV can induce the synthesis of a very similar or identical set of IgM antibodies.
Semi‐Automated fluorometric assay for urinary total and b n‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase: Analytical investigation
Authors: Kristz William , Samaan Ghassan Joseph , Leberre Corinne , Demelier Jean‐François , Biou Daniel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTotal N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) and NAG‐B isoenzyme determination are determined in order to investigate renal tubular function. Here, we propose a semi‐automated adaptation of Sandman's manual method for the Monarch centrifugal analyzer. Fluorescence of the released 4‐methylumbelliferone is automatically read and results are directly expressed in nanokatal/l. Mean (1 SD) values expressed in nanokatal/millimole creatinine in urine from healthy female (n = 30) and male (n = 30) subjects were 8.2 (4.0) and 7.8 (2.9) for total NAG and 1.9 (1.4) and 1.5 (0.7) for the NAG‐B isoenzyme activity. The assay of six patients with various renal disorders shows definite increase in total NAG and NAG‐B isoenzyme activities.
Human melanoma metastasis culture supernatant contains chemotactic factors for phagocytes
Authors: Ventura M. T. , Cerri A. , Jirillo E. , Antonaci S. , Bonomo L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral findings point out that melanoma culture supernatants release soluble factors which modulate mononuclear cell chemotactic responsiveness. In this regard, either an enhancement or an impairment of chemotactic capacity has been found. Here, we provide evidence that supernatant recovered from human melanoma cell metastasis culture is able to trigger monocyte and polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis. This activity is not affected by the presence of anti‐IL‐1 antibody during the assay. Further studies are in progress to isolate and characterize soluble factors involved in this activity.
State‐Of‐The‐Art of zidovudine monitoring
Authors: Stretcher Brian N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractZidovudine, the only drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of AIDS, has well‐documented efficacy, but numerous toxic side effects. Despite considerable knowledge of the pharmacology of the drug, however, a therapeutic concentration range has not been established. This article reviews methodologies used for measurement of zidovudine in serum. Procedures for several methods are described and comparisons offered. In addition to methodologies, other issues of concern in establishing or maintaining a zidovudine monitoring service are also discussed, including the clinical relevance of routine zidovudine monitoring, method‐related quality control, and laboratory safety. Methodologies currently being developed to measure the active intracellular metabolites of zidovudine are also described. These methods are believed to be the key to fully understanding the relationships between zidovudine pharmacology, toxicity, and efficacy.
Phagocytic cell chemiluminescence using different zymosan preparations
Authors: Gridley Daila S. , Lau Benjamin H. S. , Tosk Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study compared the effectiveness of opsonized and unopsonized zymosan prepared in our laboratories with a commercially available opsonized preparation used for induction of luminol‐dependent oxidative burst in phagocytic cells. The production of chemiluminescence (CL) by human whole blood, isolated human neutrophils, normal BALB/c mouse splenocytes, and an immortal BALB/c mouse macrophage cell line (J774A. 1) was tested in an automated luminometer. Recombinant murine or human interferon‐γ(IFN‐γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as priming agents in some of the experiments. With human leukocytes and normal mouse spleen cells the laboratory‐prepared zymosans (regardless of opsonization) induced equal or significantly greater CL than did the commercially prepared zymosan. In addition, greatly increased CL was evident with IFN‐γ‐ and LPS‐primed neutrophils tested with our zymosans compared with the commercial preparation. These results suggest that effective zymosans capable of inducing strong, reproducible CL responses from several different phagocytic cell populations can be readily made in the laboratory.
Altered steady‐state levels of mrna coding for extracellular matrices in renal tissues of ddy mice, an animal model for iga nephropathy
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Nakamura Tsukasa , Ebihara Isao , Funabiki Kazuhiko , Yaguchi Yutaka , Shimizu Masahiko , Shirato Isao , Koide Hikaru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCorrelations between the steady‐state mRNA levels of extracellular matrices using specific cDNA probes for the α1 chain of type IV collagen (α1 (IV) chain); laminin A, B1, and B2 chains; and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG); and glomerular injuries in ddY mice were evaluated. Eight‐, sixteen‐ and forty‐week‐old ddY mice were used in this study. ICR mice of the same age served as control. Extracted total RNA of pooled kidneys was fixed on a filter and then hybridized with the cDNA probes. Renal cryostat sections were incubated with rabbit anti‐mouse type IV collagen, laminin, and HSPG antisera and then stained with FITC‐labeled goat anti‐rabbit IgG antiserum. The sections were also stained with FITC‐labeled goat anti‐mouse IgA, IgM, IgG, and C3 antisera. In light microscopy, the average number of glomerular cells was calculated at each age. Increased expression of extracellular matrices genes for the α1(IV) chain; laminin A, B1, and B2 chains; and HSPG was found in renal tissues of ddY mice. Staining of type IV collagen, laminin, and HSPG was observed in renal tissues of ddY mice at each age. Increased proteinuria in 40‐week‐old ddY mice might be related to the decrease in glomerular basement membrane HSPG which acts as the anionic sites in such areas. Marked proliferation and or expansion of glomerular cells and mesangial matrices were observed in 40 week‐old‐ddY mice. The intensity of IgA and C3 deposits in the glomeruli was parallel to the levels of mRNA for such components. It appears that increased mRNA levels for such matrices coincided with the development of renal injuries in ddY mice. It is concluded that evaluation of steady‐state mRNA levels of the extracellular matrices in renal tissues of ddY mice is useful in determining progressive mechanisms in patients with IgA nephropathy.
Molecular forms of soluble human t lymphocyte receptor for sheep erythrocytes in serum and saliva
Authors: Itano Eiko N. , Ono Mario A. , Sumigawa Mari , Longo Ieda M. , Moura Nayla C. , Mendes Nelson F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing a specific serum anti‐soluble T lymphocytes receptor for sheep erythrocytes (E) and SDS‐PAGE, we detected radioactive bands of molecular weight 58,000 in immunoprecipitates of supernatant of heated human lymphocytes (SHL), in the supernatant of PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures (SLC), normal human serum (NHS), and serum from cancer and uremia patients, labelled with 131I. By Sephadex G‐200 chromatography, in addition to this fraction, we detected molecules of molecular weight higher than 150,000 which interact with the anti‐soluble receptor serum (anti‐Rs), in serum from cancer and uremia patients. These molecules were detected in NHS or SHL after concentration or by prolonged exposure of SDS‐PAGE with some labelled and immunoprecipitated SHL samples.The soluble receptors of molecular weights 58,000 (Rs1) and more than 150,000 (Rs2) were fully identical when analyzed by immunodiffusion with anti‐Rs serum. When submitted to immunoelectrophoresis, Rs1 showed electrophoretic migration similar to that of albumin, while Rs2 showed a pattern close to that of alpha2‐globulin. However, Rs2 did not show antigenic relationship with IgM and was not an immune complex with IgG. Even though the presence of Rs in human saliva has not yet been reported, molecules that interact with anti‐Rs serum have been detected in human saliva and are fully identical to molecules found in supernatant of heated human T lymphocytes and NHS. The Rs molecules present in human saliva have a molecular weight and electrophoretic migration similar to those of Rs 1 from SLC and from human serum and have no antigenic relationship with human albumin.
Use of inactive β‐d‐galactosidase for elimination of interference by anti‐β‐d‐galactosidase antibodies in immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for anti‐thyroglobulin igg in serum using β‐d‐galactosidase from escherichia coli as label
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Katsumaru Hiroyuki , Nakamoto Hidetaka , Yasuda Taeko , Mitsukawa Tomohiro , Matsukura Shigeru , Tsunetoshi Yoshizo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for anti‐thyroglobulin IgG using β‐D‐galactosidase from Escherichia coli label was reported previously. This immunoassay was highly sensitive in demonstrating anti‐thyroglobulin IgG not only in all patients with Graves' disease and chronic thyroiditis but also in a large proportion of healthy subjects. However, the detection of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG at low levels in some serum samples was difficult, probably due to the presence of anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies. In the present study, the use of inactive β‐D‐galactosidase was tested for elimination of interference by anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies. Preincubation of serum samples with excess of inactive β‐D‐galactosidase resulted in sufficiently low backgrounds to detect low levels of antithyroglobulin IgG with little effect on the dose‐response of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG. As a result, it was revealed that anti‐thyroglobulin IgG was present in almost all healthy subjects as well as all patients with Graves' disease and chronic thyroiditis.
Importance of detection of ss‐a/ro autoantibody in screening immunofluorescence tests for autoantibodies to nuclear antigens
Authors: Bylund David J. , Nakamura Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSS‐A/Ro autoantibodies are related to Sjögren's syndrome and to several clinical subsets of lupus erythematosus. The most widely used laboratory procedure for ANA screening is the indirect immunofluorescence test (IF‐ANA); the laboratory detection of anti‐SS‐A/Ro requires implementation and adherence to several technical and quality assurance recommendations. Using appropriate substrate cells containing the SS‐A/Ro antigen, many so‐called “ANA‐negative” lupus erythematosus patients will demonstrate a positive IF‐ANA.
Validation of an immunoradiometric assay to measure plasma levels of active renin
Authors: Wathen Lynne K. , Nuorala Kenneth W. , Wathen Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for active renin in human plasma was analytically and clinically validated. Analytical validation established (1) precision, (2) recovery, (3) linearity, (4) cross‐reactivity, (5) sample stability, and (6) the validity and specificity of the 125l‐labeled anti‐renin monoclonal in the Diagnostics Pasteur immunoradiometric renin kit. Clinical validation included (1) establishing a normal reference range for renin, (2) comparing plasma renin activity (PRA) results to immunoreactive renin levels in subjects on Upjohn research protocols, and (3) comparing the renin responsiveness of sodium replete subjects to that of sodium deplete subjects prior to, during, and after infusion with Upjohn renin inhibitory peptide, ditekiren. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the research validity of an assay tool for the differentiation of enzymatically active renin from inactive renin or a form of prorenin.
Immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti‐human t‐cell leukemia virus type i) igg in serum using a synthetic peptide, cys‐gag p19(100–130), as antigen
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Sakoda Iwane , Suzuki Mika , Izumi Atushi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti‐human T‐cell leukemia virus type I) IgG (anti‐HTLV‐I IgG) in serum using a synthetic peptide, cys‐gag p19(100–130), is described. Anti‐HTLV‐IIgG in test serum, which had been incubated with excess of inactive β‐D‐galactosidase to eliminate interference by anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies, was reacted simultaneously with 2,4‐dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin‐cys‐gag p19(100–130) conjugate and cys‐gag p19(100–130)‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with εN‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. β‐D‐Galactosidase activity bound to the (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG‐coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was 100‐fold more sensitive than the conventional enyme immunoassay, in which a cys‐gag p19(100–130)‐bovine serum albumin‐coated polystyrene ball was incubated with test serum and, after washing, with (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) Fab'‐peroxidase conjugate. The degree of inhibition by preincubation of test sera with excess of cys‐gag p19(100–130) in combination with an appropriate cut‐off value for the fluorescence intensity of bound β‐D‐galactosidase activity discriminated almost all seropositive samples from seronegative ones.
Novel and sensitive noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay (hetero‐two‐site enzyme immunoassay) for α‐human atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma
Authors: Hashida Seiichi , Yamamoto Naoko , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel and sensitive noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay (hetero‐two‐site enzyme immunoassay) for α‐human atrial natriuretic peptide (α‐hANP) in plasma, which uses only one monoclonal IgG for the ring structure of α‐hANP, is described. Plasma was filtered through polysaccharide membrane to separate peptides from proteins. The plasma filtrate was incubated with N‐hydroxysuccini‐midobiotin to biotinylate α‐hANP and subsequently with a polystyrene ball coated with monoclonal IgG for the ring structure of α‐hANP to trap biotinylated α‐hANP. The polystyrene ball was washed to eliminate unreacted N‐hydroxysuccinimidobiotin and other biotinylated substances, and biotinylated α‐hANP was eluted from the polystyrene ball with HCI. The eluate was neutralized and incubated with horseradish peroxidase‐labeled antibody IgG for the ring structure of α‐hANP and subsequently with two streptavidin‐coated polystyrene balls. Peroxidase activity bound to the streptavidin‐coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. The detection limit of α‐hANP was 20 amol, and the assay range of plasma α‐hANP was 0.8–1,200 ng/L using 100 μl of plasma filtrates corresponding to 75 μl of plasma. Plasma levels of hANP in healthy subjects were 9.8–21.5 ng/L. These values were significantly lower than those measured by a two‐site enzyme immunoassay probably due to the presence of α‐hANPs lacking some N‐terminal amino acids, which were as reactive as α‐hANP [1–28] in the two‐site enzyme immunoassay but less reactive in the hetero‐two‐site enzyme immunoassay.
Production of a murine monoclonal antibody with anti‐hiv‐1 neutralizing properties
Authors: Hinkula Jorma , Gilljam Gustav , Wahren Britta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA mouse monoclonal hybridoma cell line producing IgG 1k to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) gp 120 envelope protein was cultured in several systems. A small‐scale flask culture was essential for characterizing the culture variables of the hybridoma. A dialysis tubing culture appeared to be an excellent alternative to in vivo cultures of ascitic fluid, and gave high mouse monoclonal antibody (Mab) concentrations. Two continuous culture systems were both very effective in producing large amounts of Mabs. The hollow fiber system has the advantage of giving a concentrated product in the harvest. The ceramic core system, on the other hand, allows excellent monitoring of the cellular growth and production phases and gave the highest HIV antigen reactivity/μg of the produced IgG.Twelve grams of HIV‐1 neutralizing Mabs were produced. The Mab was purified with a yield of 61%. The neutralizing capacity of the Mab was studied in vitro and shown to be excellent with 50% neutralizing titers using 5 ng Mab. The biological half‐life of the Mab given intraveneously to an HIV‐infected individual was shown to be around 30 h.