bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of children's self-reports of depressive symptoms among different family interaction types in northern Taiwan
Authors: Wu Wen-chi , Kao Chi-Hsien , Yen Lee-Lan , Lee Tony Szu-Hsien 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that family interactions are associated with depressive symptoms in children. However, detailed classifications of family interaction types have not been studied thoroughly. This study aims to understand the types of family interactions children experience and to identify the specific types of family interactions that are associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms in children.MethodsData used in the study was collected as part of the Child and Adolescent Behavior in Long term Evolution (CABLE) project in 2003. CABLE is a longitudinal cohort study that commenced in 2001 and collects data annually from children in Taipei city and Hsinchu county in northern Taiwan. The data analyzed in this study was that obtained from the sixth graders (aged 11 to 12 years old) in 2003. Of the 2,449 sixth graders, 51.2% were boys and 48.8% were girls. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate the types of family interactions. One way ANOVA was used to establish the relationship between family interaction types and children's self-reports of depressive symptoms.ResultsBased on the results of factor analysis, the latent factors for family interactions included supporting activities, psychological control, parental discipline, behavioral supervision, and family conflict. After conducting cluster analysis using factor scores, four types of family interactions were revealed: supervised (29.66%), disciplined (13.56%), nurtured (40.96%) and conflict (15.82%). Children from the disciplined or conflict families were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Children from the nurtured families were least likely to report depressive symptoms.ConclusionFamily interactions can be classified into four different types, which are related to children's self-reports of depressive symptoms. The creation of a family interaction environment that is beneficial for children's mental health is an important issue for health education and health promotion professionals.
Type I collagen gene suppresses tumor growth and invasion of malignant human glioma cells
Authors: Honma Kimi , Miyata Teruo , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Invasion is a hallmark of a malignant tumor, such as a glioma, and the progression is followed by the interaction of tumor cells with an extracellular matrix (ECM). This study examined the role of type I collagen in the invasion of the malignant human glioma cell line T98G by the introduction of the human collagen type I α1 (HCOL1A1) gene.

Results
The cells overexpressing HCOL1A1 were in a cluster, whereas the control cells were scattered. Overexpression of HCOL1A1 significantly suppressed the motility and invasion of the tumor cells. The glioma cell growth was markedly inhibited in vitro and in vivo by the overexpression of HCOL1A1; in particular, tumorigenicity completely regressed in nude mice. Furthermore, the HCOL1A1 gene induced apoptosis in glioma cells.

Conclusion
These results indicate that HCOL1A1 have a suppressive biological function in glioma progression and that the introduction of HCOL1A1 provides the basis of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignant human glioma.
Markedly Impaired Fibrinolytic Balance Contributes to Cardiovascular Risk in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Devin Jessica K. , Blevins Lewis S. , Verity Denise K. , Chen Qingxia , Bloodworth John R. , Covington Joseph , Vaughan Douglas E. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Context: Adults with GH deficiency (GHD) have multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including an unfavorable lipid profile and body composition as well as impairments in endothelial function and cardiac performance. We hypothesized that GHD is associated with elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major inhibitor of plasminogen activation in the circulation.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the fibrinolytic profile of adults with GHD in comparison with controls.
Study Design and Participants: This was a prospective, observational study including 12 adults with GHD. Twelve gender-, age-, and body mass index-matched adults served as controls.
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures were circadian plasma PAI-1 antigen with corresponding tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) activity values. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation and fibrinolytic potential by venous occlusion test.
Results: Adults with GHD exhibited an unfavorable 24-h fibrinolytic profile characterized by a mean 62% elevation in PAI-1 antigen (2.77 ng/ml after adjustment for baseline PAI-1; P = 0.049) in the setting of a mean 24% reduction in tPA activity (−0.17 IU/ml after adjustment for baseline tPA; P = 0.003). Fibrinolytic response was defective in GHD, as demonstrated by a sustained elevation in PAI-1 activity greater than 4 IU/ml after venous occlusion [7.2 IU/ml (interquartile range 0.8–17.4); P = 0.018]. Endothelial function was impaired in GHD, as quantified by percent flow-mediated vasodilation over 120 sec [area under the curve 3.8 (interquartile range −2.4 to 7.9) vs. 12.8 (interquartile range 2.1–19.4); P = 0.043].
Conclusions: Adults with GHD demonstrate alterations in plasma fibrinolytic balance, including elevated levels of PAI-1 antigen with decreased tPA activity. These changes may contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity within this population.
RhoA/Rho Kinase Blocks Muscle Differentiation via Serine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and -2
Authors: Lim Min Jin , Choi Kyu Jin , Ding Yan , Kim Jin Hwan , Kim Bum Shik , Kim Yun Hong , Lee Jinhwa , Choe Wonchae , Kang Insug , Ha Joohun , Yoon Kyung-Sik , Kim Sung Soo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough the RhoA/Rho kinase (RhoA/ROK) pathway has been extensively investigated, its roles and downstream signaling pathways are still not well understood in myogenic processes. Therefore, we examined the effects of RhoA/ROK on myogenic processes and their signaling molecules using H9c2 and C2C12 cells. Increases in RhoA/ROK activities and serine phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 (Ser307 and Ser636/639) and IRS-2 were found in proliferating myoblasts, whereas IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity increased during the differentiation process. ROK strongly bound to IRS-1/2 in proliferation medium but dissociated from them in differentiation medium (DM). ROK inactivation by a ROK inhibitor, Y27632, or a dominant-negative ROK, decreased IRS-1/2 serine phosphorylation with increases in IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI 3-kinase activity, which led to muscle differentiation even in proliferation medium. Inhibition of ROK also enhanced differentiation in DM. ROK activation by a constitutive active ROK blocked muscle differentiation with the increased IRS-1/2 serine phosphorylation, followed by decreases in IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI 3-kinase activity in DM. Interestingly, fibroblast growth factor-2 added to DM also blocked muscle differentiation through RhoA/ROK activation. Fibroblast growth factor-2 blockage of muscle differentiation was reversed by Y27632. Collectively, these results suggest that the RhoA/ROK pathway blocks muscle differentiation by phosphorylating IRS proteins at serine residues, resulting in the decreased IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI 3-kinase activity. The absence of the inhibitory effects of RhoA/ROK in DM due to low concentrations of myogenic inhibitory growth factors seems to allow IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation, which stimulates muscle differentiation via transducing normal myogenic signaling.
Community Identification of Natural Health Product–Drug Interactions
Authors: Charrois Theresa L , Hill Richard L , Vu Duc , Foster Brian C , Boon Heather S , Cramer Kristie , Vohra Sunita 
Published: June 2007

Background: The majority of Canadians use natural health products (NHPs), most of which are purchased in pharmacies. Community pharmacists regularly field inquiries regarding NHPs. As such, pharmacists are ideally placed to answer questions about NHP use and interactions with other medications. Objective: To identify community pharmacists’ familiarity with NHPs and NHP-related adverse events (AEs) and their knowledge and ability to counsel on potential and known NHP–drug interactions. Methods: Survey questions were derived from a literature review of previous surveys, data collected from Health Canada, and in consultation with clinicians, pharmacists, policy-makers, and researchers. A convenience sample of 321 community pharmacists in Alberta and British Columbia were asked to participate. Results: We received responses from 132 pharmacists, resulting in a response rate of 41% (132/321). A total of 19% of the sample had previously reported an adverse event to Health Canada. When asked specifically about NHP–drug interactions/AEs, 47% of pharmacists stated that they had identified a potential interaction; however, only 2 of these reported it to Health Canada. Pharmacists were most familiar (76% of respondents) with the interaction between sertraline and St. John's wort and were least familiar with interactions between NHPs and antiretrovirals. Conclusions: This survey provides evidence to suggest that pharmacists encounter reportable NHP–drug interactions, yet rarely choose to report these events. The current lack of available data on NHP AEs makes it difficult to provide patients and healthcare providers with useful strategies for managing AEs and drug interactions. Changes to the current system of monitoring AEs due to NHPs and further education of healthcare professionals regarding NHP—drug interactions is required.
John M. Stewart, 1926–2006
Authors: Mous Maarten 
Published: June 2007

AbstractJohn M. Stewart passed away on 22nd May 2006. John Stewart was born on 6th February 1926 in Lossiemouth in Scotland. He was proud of his Scottish identity and the last (and unfinished) article that he worked on was a new explanation of the historical developments in the vowels of Scots using his insights from vowel changes in West African languages.
Relationship of Fish Mesohabitat to Flow in a Sand-Bed Southwestern River
Authors: Kehmeier Jon W. , Valdez Richard A. , Medley C. Nicolas , Myers Orrin B. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We quantified the availability and utilization of habitat types by eight small-bodied cyprinid fish species, including the federally threatened Pecos bluntnose shiner Notropis simus pecosensis, in the Pecos River, New Mexico. The Pecos River is a medium-sized, sand-bed river with a highly variable hydrograph and some reaches characterized by historic and recent periods of flow intermittency. Fish habitat was described in four reaches at flows of 0.05–2.29 m3/s by means of a simultaneous, coordinated program of channel topographic surveys, mesohabitat mapping, fish sampling, and measurement of microhabitat and chemical parameters. We determined that fish habitat in this sand-bed river was effectively described at the mesohabitat scale. Furthermore, mesohabitats were visually distinguishable and separable by means of hydraulic and geomorphic parameters and the relationship between flow and depth, velocity, and velocity : depth ratios. The eight cyprinid species in the Pecos River primarily used four mesohabitat types that were consistently available at the full range of flows examined, including perpendicular and parallel plunges, backwaters, and slackwaters. In winter, five species (red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis, plains killifish Fundulus zebrinus, plains minnow Hybognathus placitus, Arkansas River shiner N. girardi, and sand shiner N. stramineus) shifted to backwaters, where water temperatures were relatively warmer than those of the main channel. Runs, flats, and riffles were generally the most available mesohabitat types, but their availability changed with flow; only four species (red shiner, plains killifish, speckled chub Macrhybopsis aestivalis, and sand shiner) selected these types, and they did so infrequently in summer. The Pecos bluntnose shiner was a habitat specialist that selected primarily rare plunge pools at sandbar faces, whereas species such as the red shiner were habitat generalists that used a variety of mesohabitat types. We found that a range of base flows sustained the preferred habitats of the eight cyprinid species and that no single flow maximized this preferred habitat because of a scaling effect of flow on sand bedforms.
Estimating Fishing Mortality, Natural Mortality, and Selectivity Using Recoveries from Tagging Young Fish
Authors: Jiang Honghua , Brownie Cavell , Hightower Joseph E. , Pollock Kenneth H. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Current methods for estimation of age- and year-specific instantaneous mortality rates based on multiyear, multiple-age tagging studies assume that it is feasible to tag fish in a wide range of ages. For some species, however, only the youngest one or two age-classes are readily available for tagging. Given the practical advantages of tagging young fish only, an important question is whether such studies would provide the information needed for estimation of age-dependent mortality rates. We investigated three designs: tagging only the youngest available age-class, tagging the two youngest age-classes, and tagging the first five age-classes. We carried out simulation studies to assess estimator performance under these three designs, in each case assuming the same total number of tagged fish. Data were generated assuming fishing mortality rates to be age and year dependent and natural mortality rates to be constant or with limited age dependence. Estimator performance is best when fish are tagged in five age-classes, and tagging fish in the two youngest age-classes shows substantial improvement compared with tagging one age-class only. External information about the tag-reporting rate is necessary to obtain estimators with reasonable properties, especially in the case of models with age-dependent natural mortality. Such information can be obtained from auxiliary studies by means of high-reward tags or planted tags. Collecting recovery information for several additional years after the last release produces small improvements in precision and bias. If tagging fish in multiple age-classes is impractical, reasonable precision can be obtained by tagging one or preferably two age-classes and obtaining supplemental information on the reporting rate. For illustration, estimates of age-dependent fishing and natural mortality rates were obtained from tag returns on Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis tagged at ages 3 and 4 years.
A Technique for Preparing Fin Rays and Spines for Age and Growth Analysis
Authors: Koch Jeff D. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Fin rays and spines are becoming more popular for age and growth analysis. A protocol for processing structures is first to mount the structure in epoxy, then to use a low-speed saw or handsaw to section the structure, and finally to estimate age from the resulting section. Unfortunately, scientists are often unaware of efficient techniques for mounting structures for such analyses. We describe a simple technique for mounting fin rays and spines in epoxy in preparation for sectioning. The advantages of this method include minimal preparation time, low cost, and little or no damage to hard structures. We have used this technique extensively to estimate age from the fin rays and spines of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, catostomids, cyprinids, and ictalurids; however, this technique is useful for any species for which fin rays or spines are used in age and growth analyses. In addition, the technique is not limited to fin rays and spines; it can also be used to prepare a variety of other structures, such as scutes, otoliths, and brachiostegal rays.
Patterns of Habitat Use among Vegetation‐Dwelling Littoral Fishes in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana
Authors: Troutman John P. , Rutherford D. Allen , Kelso W. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInformation regarding the relative value of different aquatic macrophytes as fish habitat is lacking for large floodplain river systems, such as the Atchafalaya River basin in south‐central Louisiana. We made seasonal comparisons of fish (total length, <100 mm) density, diversity, and biomass and physicochemistry among submersed hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata, emergent bulltongue Sagittaria lancifolia, and floating water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes. In addition, we examined the influence of habitat structure and physicochemistry on fish assemblage composition and density. Although there were no seasonal differences in fish biomass among plant types, hydrilla consistently supported the greatest fish density and diversity across seasons. While hydrilla and water hyacinth fish density changed little among seasons, density in bulltongue was higher during low water. Of the 12 most common fish species, the pirate perch Aphredoderus sayanus and yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis showed no consistent pattern of habitat use. However, the densities of golden topminnow Fundulus chrysotus, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, warmouth L. gulosus, redear sunfish L. microlophus, and pugnose minnow Opsopoeodus emiliae were highest in hydrilla, whereas the density of bantam sunfish L. symmetricus was highest in water hyacinth. A seasonally variable pattern was found for western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, redspotted sunfish L. miniatus, sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (higher in bulltongue), and least killifish Heterandria formosa (lower in water hyacinth). Overall, littoral fish distributions reflected responses to several spatially and temporally variable environmental factors (e.g., water quality, plant complexity, and seasonal depth changes). We suggest that the consistently high fish density and diversity in hydrilla across seasons were related to an optimization of favorable water quality (particularly dissolved oxygen [DO]), architectural complexity, and biovolume. However, during low water, as hydrilla and water hyacinth canopies became very dense and water hyacinth DO levels remained low, bulltongue was more heavily used by several species, presumably because of a more favorable combination of DO, complexity, and particularly depth.
The metabolic syndrome: setting the scene. The cons
Authors: Sattar Naveed 
Published: June 2007

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is conceptually useful. It has encouraged thought about the pathology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, has facilitated research and has brought together cardiologists and diabetologists. But the criteria are neither needed nor additive for CVD risk assessment or diabetes screening or prediction. Neither are they needed to determine treatment benefit. Better options would be to measure and target established risk factors such as lipids, smoking and elevated blood pressure. We should also be thinking about obesity and its prevention, and to do this we need changes in food, activity and fiscal environments.
Visualizing the Planimetric Accuracy of Historical Maps with MapAnalyst
Authors: Jenny Bernhard , Weber Adrian , Hurni Lorenz 
Published: June 2007

MapAnalyst is a new software application for the visualization and study of the planimetric accuracy of old maps. It illustrates local map distortion by generating distortion grids, displacement vectors, and new isolines of scale and rotation. MapAnalyst additionally computes the old map's scale and rotation, as well as statistical indicators summarizing the map's geometric accuracy. It offers a user-friendly interface and is freely available for all major computer platforms at . Map historians are invited to use MapAnalyst, and are encouraged to consult and improve the free Java source-code. This article describes the steps leading to visualizations of a map's planimetric accuracy. It provides basic algorithmic information that is necessary for the understanding and correct interpretation of displacement vectors and distortion grids. It also introduces isolines of equal scale and rotation, a new type of accuracy visualization. The last section interprets sample visualizations for an eighteenth century map.
Host Selection and Configuration Design of Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Xia H. , Li M. , Lu D. , Zhang C. B. , Xie W. J. , Liu X. D. , Yang B. , Ma Y. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent studies on electrophosphorescent polymeric devices have demonstrated that charge‐trapping‐induced direct recombination on the phosphorescent dopant is of crucial importance. In this paper, we show that the electrochemical properties of phosphorescent molecules, which reflect their carrier‐trapping ability, may be a basic design criterion for the selection of host and device configuration. The systems, consisting of a red phosphorescent [Ru(4,7‐Ph2‐phen)3]2+ dopant and two blue hosts 2‐biphenyl‐4‐yl‐5‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)‐[1,3,4]oxadiazole (PBD) and poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK), are intensively studied. The triplet energy level of PVK and PBD is higher than that of the [Ru(4,7‐Ph2‐phen)3]2+, and both hosts show the ability of efficient energy transfer to the dopant, however, efficient electroluminescence (EL) is only obtained in the PVK‐host system. The combined studies of photoluminescence (PL), EL, and electrochemistry for doped films demonstrate that [Ru(4,7‐Ph2‐phen)3]2+, which undergoes a multielectron trapping process as it is used as a dopant in electron‐rich (n‐type) hosts, for instance, PBD, may induce an inefficient recombination for the resulting emission. Whereas using a hole‐rich (p‐type) polymer, such as PVK, as a host and inserting both hole‐blocking and electron‐transfer layers can effectively increase the efficiency of the corresponding devices up to 8.63 Cd A–1, because of the reduced probability of multielectron trapping at the [Ru(4,7‐Ph2‐phen)3]2+ sites.
Improved multiple‐particle tracking for studying flows in multiphase systems
Authors: Yang Z. , Fan X. , Fryer P. J. , Parker D. J. , Bakalis S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPositron Emission Particle Tracking is a powerful and noninvasive technique and has been successfully used in a wide range of fundamental research and industrial applications. However, it is only capable of following a single tracer. This article presents a Multiple‐Positron Emission Particle Tracking technique for tracking two freely moving particles in opaque systems and its application. The developed technique has been validated through tracking two stationary particles and two moving particles, respectively. The results showed that it is a reliable technique and can be potentially used to acquire more comparative information, such as the interactions and relative motions of particles with different sizes, densities, and material textures in multiphase systems. Tracking two polyethylene particles, labeled using 18F, in a cylindrical fluidized bed has been given as an example. The information obtained provides significant insights into phenomena in flow and mixing processes. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007