bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European food scares and their impact on EU food policy
Authors: Knowles Tim , Moody Richard , McEachern Morven G. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to chart the wide range of food scares reported throughout the EU over the period 1986‐2006 and explores their impact on EU policy.Design/methodology/approachThere is much extant research that solely investigates the occurrences of specific food scares, however; little emphasis is given to the responses of policy makers. This research aims to narrow this gap in the literature by reviewing the major food scares, which have occurred throughout the EU and the subsequent policy responses.FindingsA number of food scares have dominated media reports over the last two decades, but this study reveals the increasing emergence of rare serotypes of foodborne pathogens, as well as a rising trend of EU‐wide contaminant and animal disease‐related food scares. Simultaneously, there is evidence of evolution from a product‐focused food policy to a risk‐based policy, which has developed into a tentative EU consumer‐based food policy. Inevitably, in a market of 25 member‐states the concept of food quality varies between countries and therein justifies the need for responsive policy development, which embraces the single market philosophy.Research limitations/implicationsA typology of EU food scares is advanced and discussed in detail, with comments being made on their impact. In addition, the paper highlights the complexity of a EU consumer, which has led to a need for research into the maximisation of the satisfaction of purchasers by reinsuring their individual “right to choose”.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique insight into a wide range of European food scares (e.g. microbiological, contaminants, animal disease‐related) and EU policy makers' responses to such food scares.
Hydration properties of extruded fura from millet and legumes
Authors: Filli K.B. , Nkama I. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to describe the production of traditional fura and extruded fura blends from 100 per cent pearl millet flour and blends of pearl millet flour with three‐grain legume flour mixtures, i.e. cowpea, soybean, and groundnut at 20 and 30 per cent levels each and to evaluate the influence of extrusion process' on products hydration properties.Design/methodology/approachTraditional methods of flour preparation were adopted. Extrusion was performed in a single‐screw Brabender Extruder.FindingsThe bulk density of traditional fura significantly differed from those of the extrudates (P<0.05). Extrudates exhibited instantization tendency, i.e. ability of easy preparation before eating without the usual rigorous labour involved in the traditional method. Pearl millet: cowpea fura (80:20) had the highest puff ratio of 4.71 while the pearl millet: groundnut (70:30) fura had the least puff ratio, 2.90. Samples with high fat content appear to have lower puff ratio. There were no significant differences in the wettabilities of extruded fura samples (P<0.05) at 280C with the exception of millet: groundnut (70:30) indicating differences (P<0.05) in wettabilities at 50oC. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in swelling capacities of fura products at each level of water added. The hydration power of extrudates varied significantly (P<0.05) for products both at 28o and 50oC; and 100 per cent fura extrudate had the highest hydration power value 63.92 at 28oC, while traditional fura had the least value, 15.80.Originality/valueExtrusion cooking revealed good potential opportunities for the manufacture of commercial instant fura and the potential of better storage as a result of low moisture content.
Pre‐departure training for international business managers
Authors: Hurn Brian J. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the effective use of pre‐departure training, the various types of such training available and the ensuing benefits to the company, the international managers themselves and their families. It highlights a number of future trends in this area.Design/methodology/approachThe various types of pre‐departure training are considered with their advantages, and the need for sufficient time, analysis of training needs and appropriate training resources for such training to be effective. Areas covered include cross‐cultural awareness, communication skills, specific country/regional briefing, business procedures, international negotiating skills, building and sustaining multinational teams, language training, transfer of skills and knowledge and repatriation.FindingsThere is still a relative lack of pre‐departure training for international managers, although the benefits are now more widely accepted. Future trends indicate that the increase in globalisation will make such training all the more important in attempting to gain competitive advantage and retain key and experienced staff.Originality/valuePre‐departure training for international managers covering their destination country/region will assist them and their families to live and work more harmoniously and effectively in their new environment.
Motivating a multicultural workforce
Authors: Terry Jinsoo 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to show the value of a direct handling of multicultural issues and some of the details of how to go about motivating a multicultural workforce.Design/methodology/approachCompletely empirical, all based on hard‐won experience in several companies although only one is shown here.FindingsThe potential gain from properly addressing multicultural issues is huge.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides an empirical, hands‐on, front line view of the multicultural situation, not an academic or theoretical view. The information has been tested and works.Originality/valueThis paper presents information not otherwise available due to the personal, hands‐on experience in this subject by this author.
Development of project management systems
Authors: Eve Anthony 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for organizations to synchronize the development of the complete project management system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper concentrates on the three key areas of development for the project management system, “what we do”, “when we do it” and “how we do it”. The paper further looks at these key elements in conjunction with an organization's project management maturity, defines the typical components of the project management system and how organizations can measure improved project management effectiveness to their bottom line performance. The paper concludes with a high level prescription for developing a project management system.FindingsThe paper identifies the cost of not synchronizing efforts in developing the project management system. It demonstrates how large investments are not maximized when individual elements of the project management system are developed separately.Practical implicationsThe is paper highlights the need to establish near, mid and long term change plans, or road maps, which under the control of senior management define the development of all aspects of the project management system.Originality/valueThis paper looks at the organization support required to develop successful project management systems and relates this with measuring project management maturity and the impact to bottom line performance. This paper has relevance to CEO's, CFO's, HR directors and senior executives who have responsibility for developing project management who need to transition their organizations project based.
Information creation and the notion of membership
Authors: Trace Ciaran B. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis article aims to examine a particular sub‐set of human information behavior that has been largely overlooked in the library and information science (LIS) literature; how people are socialized to create and use information.Design/methodology/approachNaturalism and ethnomethodology were used as theoretical frameworks to examine what a group of fifth grade students were taught about documents, how this information was imparted to them, and how social factors were manifested in the construction and form of those documents. Two concepts are shown to be critical in the explication of students as document creators and users: the notion that there is a “stock of knowledge” that underlies human interaction (some of which relates to recorded information), and that this socialization process forms part of a school's “hidden curriculum.”FindingsStudents were socialized to be good (in the sense of being competent) creators and users of documents. Part of the role of “being a student” involved learning the underlying norms and values that existed in relation to document creation and use, as well as understanding other norms and values of the classroom that were captured or reflected by documents themselves. Understanding “document work” was shown to be a fundamental part of student affiliation; enabling students to move from precompetent to competent members of a school community.Originality/valueThis research demonstrated that people possess a particular stock of knowledge from which they draw when creating and using information. Competence in this aspect of human information behavior, while partly based on one's own experience, is shown to be largely derived or learned from interaction with others.
Information source preference for project work by primary school students
Authors: Majid Shaheen , Kanagasabai Danamalar 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo investigate the type of information sources used by primary school students for project work, their preferred information formats and the importance and reasons for using certain information sources.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire survey.FindingsIt was found that the Internet was the most preferred information source for project work, followed by public and school libraries. Similarly, digital information sources were preferred over print and audio‐visual materials. Among published information sources, the respondents considered the Internet and reference sources more important for their project work. Among human information sources, teachers, parents and siblings were considered more important than library staff and friends. The main reasons identified for using different information sources were “accessibility”, “ease of use” and “appropriateness” to project work. Certain attributes such as accuracy and currency of information were considered less important in the selection and use of information which was probably due to inadequate information literacy skills possessed by these students.Practical implicationsThe study should be helpful for anyone involved in school librarianship or learning support for school children.Originality/valueIt is expected that this study would provide an insight into the use and non‐use of certain information resources at the school and public libraries and allow library managements to review their collections, services and information access policies. It will also help them determine the type of information literacy training required by these students.
Sweep or seep? Structure, culture, enterprise and universities
Authors: Kothari S. , Handscombe R.D. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeIn this paper universities are considered to be central to a knowledge‐driven economy. UK employers value generic skills more highly in employees where disciplinary‐based understanding is assumed to be on a par. Enterprise education should, therefore, not only benefit students, but add greatly to wealth creation and national prosperity. In order to respond, universities need to formulate a coherent policy that will initiate a cultural change to foster enterprise and entrepreneurship. In order to address the question of whether and how such organisations can change, this paper aims to take a close look at influencing factors like culture and structure.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis in this paper utilises tools and techniques that help to identify those factors that shape an organisation's strategy and structure. This paper takes a close look at the organisational structure and culture at a leading research‐led UK university, with respect to enterprise education. An insight for strategic development is achieved by recognising the university as a professional bureaucracy, relying on the balance between the standardisation of skills and training, rather than through a more general analysis of a “large organisation”.FindingsThe paper finds that in this professional bureaucracy, the operating core comprises professionals with considerable autonomy, but close association with their clients (students). Coordination between professionals takes place through the standardisation of skills and knowledge and the provision of enterprise education requires an appropriate standardisation of skills. A strong culture pervades throughout, and complex organisational structures and models of governance exist. This paper suggests that sweeping, major reforms are inappropriate.Originality/valueThe paper shows that this university has chosen to embrace educational changes that lead to enterprising student attributes by a process of “seeping change” in the context of a professional bureaucracy attending to the challenge of standardising skills.
Strategy dynamics in the logistics industry: a transactional center perspective
Authors: Fulconis François , Saglietto Laurence , Paché Gilles 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to put forward a transactional center approach to the four‐party logistics (4PL) development. For about ten years, the European logistics industry has indeed been undergoing massive changes by which dematerialized logistics service providers, also called 4PL, have become more and more important. Special emphasis is placed on their role of intermediary between the supply chain members, on the basis of the implementation of inter‐organizational information systems (IOS).Design/methodology/approachThe paper goes over the research literature on 4PL referring to the info‐mediation and intermediation processes. The accent is on the electronic brokerage application and on the main hindrances to 4PL development. Three propositions are put forward concerning a relevant research program.FindingsThe findings in this paper show that understanding 4PL's strategy dynamics requires going into the specific details of the role of transactional center. Thus, thanks to the effective management of IOS, some 4PL could become the hub firms of network organizations. To do that, they will have to acquire a thorough expertise on selecting network members and monitoring supply chain interfaces.Originality/valueIn this paper a preliminary framework provides elements of discussion to enable a better understanding of the transformation process of the logistics industry. The interest for managers and academics is to illustrate how 4PL are becoming the agents for strategic change, while an excessive importance is usually attached only to manufacturers and large retailers in the academic literature.
Becoming misrepresentations in strategy and time
Authors: Henderson Steven 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to review some ontological issues in the creation and representation of strategic management and strategic management processes.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper Whittington's celebrated four school model is taken as a representation of the variety of strategic management theories. First, a philosophy of action perspective is taken to evaluate representations of actions required by a corporate strategy. Second, the decision‐making processes represented by each school are reviewed from the perspective of decision deparadoxification using deconstructions derived from Anderson. Third, the paper looks at the representations of time implied by the four schools by examining the transformation from individual to collective action derived from Heidegger.FindingsThe paper finds that what appears to be schools of strategic management thought are no more than the selective attention of scholars upon one contingency reducing approach. Support for any strategic action in each of the four schools will only ever be particle and contingent. None of the four are capable of accommodating Heidegger's authentic relationship of present to future.Originality/valueThe paper shows that, taken together, these ontological insights bring into question the general principles of strategy processes. That is to say that they undermine the notion that an organisation can somehow know about its own range of possible futures, and then make decisions and actions in the present to bring about the most desirable state.
Status of the preservation of digital resources in China: results of a survey
Authors: Jiazhen Liu , Daoling Yang 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo obtain first‐hand data on the main challenges in preserving digital resources in libraries, archives and information centres in China.Design/methodology/approachThe data in this paper have been acquired by e‐mail questionnaire. The conclusions are based on feedback from 57 respondents, distributed in 14 provinces in China, who work in libraries, archives and information centres with rich digital collections and long‐term experience in preserving digital resources.FindingsThe authors consider that the long‐term preservation of digital resources in China faces two critical difficulties: firstly, the pressure on preserving digital resources has not been fully recognised and so the relevant training in the management and operation of digital preservation is absent; secondly, government departments attach little importance to this field and lack uniform guidelines. Therefore, the paper suggests that relevant international conferences or workshops should be held in China, and that a working group led by the National Development and Reform Commission of China should be set up to plan the construction, sharing and maintenance of Chinese digital resources.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to Chinese administration systems. Although the data in this paper are authentic and representative, nevertheless it is a small sample of the numerous document collection organisations in the country.Practical implicationsThe data and analysis in this paper should greatly help international colleagues understand the status regarding the preservation of digital resources in China.Originality/valueThis research is the first of its kind undertaken in China and will provide a new vision for international peers and organisations involved in digital documentary heritage around the world.
Electronic thesis initiative: pilot project of McGill University, Montreal
Authors: Park Eun G. , Zou Qing , McKnight David 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo set up a protocol for electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD) submission for the electronic thesis initiative pilot project at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.Design/methodology/approachAn electronic thesis and dissertation submission protocol was implemented and tested. To test authoring tools, we had 50 students submit their theses or dissertations using one of four style sheets. Word‐processed files were converted to PDF and XML formats. The pilot project team evaluated DigiTool's effectiveness in digital conversion, capture of metadata and cataloguing, digital content harvesting, digital preservation, and integration with the student information system.FindingsAll theses experienced some degree of information loss during the conversion. DigiTool is still being tested for storage, cataloguing, and dissemination capability. For full implementation, three major issues need to be addressed further: conversion; metadata; and file formats.Practical implicationsMost of the issues that have arisen during the McGill pilot project will be mirrored at other academic institutions that are considering electronic thesis submission.Originality/valueThis paper provides insights into the procedures that will arise as institutions go through the process of introducing electronic thesis and dissertation submission.
Can dietary intervention alter prostate cancer progression?
Authors: Thomas Robert , Blades Mabel , Williams Madeleine 
Published: February 2007

PurposeResearch has shown that dietary factors can mediate the transformation of latent prostate cancer into clinically apparent cancers. This paper aims to review the evidence from studies on nutrition and prostate cancer.Design/methodology/approachA literature review of studies on nutrition and cancer was undertaken.FindingsThe data showed that deficiencies in trace elements and vitamins may lead to an increased risk of prostate cancer.Originality/valueThe paper shows that there appears to be a clear link with aspects of vitamin and mineral deficiencies and prostate cancer and the area merits more work.
Contaminants in human foods
Authors: Anokwulu M.N. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements, especially in doses exceeding recommended daily allowances.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive search and analysis of original, peer‐reviewed literature on supplementation studies was conducted.FindingsHigh doses of vitamins and minerals can be harmful instead of beneficial. Supplementation of vitamins and minerals, in general, may be most beneficial, and perhaps only beneficial, to individuals with a nutrient‐deficient diet. Consumers thus need to be weary of the safety and efficacy of their supplements. While vitamins and minerals are vital to life, the optimal doses of each required nutrient are currently not known.Research limitations/implicationsLack of standardization between studies makes it difficult to compare the results from different studies.Practical implications – Based on this review, a recommendation can be made to avoid high dose supplements and obtain vitamins from foods to the greatest extent possible.Originality/value – This review is unique in its comprehensive nature that allows the identification of common underlying problems with the supplementation of different groups of vitamins.