bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and epigenetic basis of phytohormonal control of floral transition in plants
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Lin Chuyu , Lan Chenghao , Tao Zeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The timing of the developmental transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage is critical for angiosperms, and is fine-tuned by the integration of endogenous factors and external environmental cues to ensure successful reproduction. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to response to diverse environmental or stress signals, and these can be mediated by hormones to coordinate flowering time. Phytohormones such as gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, jasmonate, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids and the cross-talk among them are critical for the precise regulation of flowering time. Recent studies of the model flowering plant Arabidopsis have revealed that diverse transcription factors and epigenetic regulators play key roles in relation to the phytohormones that regulate floral transition. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that underlie the phytohormonal control of floral transition in Arabidopsis, offering insights into how these processes are regulated and their implications for plant biology.
Variations in milk, udder skin, and fecal microbiota and their relationships with blood metabolites and milk composition in dairy cows
Authors: AoDaohu  , Karin Akada , Kiiru Gathinji Peter , Naoki Nishino 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study examined the milk, udder skin, feces, and bedding microbiota in a dairy farm. Blood metabolites concentration and milk composition were also determined to examine their relationship with variations in the microbiota. Samples were collected from 10 healthy cows during the summers of 2018 and 2020. Milk protein, fat, and solid-not-fat contents were higher, and blood urea nitrogen and nonesterified fatty acid levels were lower in the 2020 samples. Principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that milk, udder skin, and fecal microbiota were separate groups. Year-to-year differences were distinct for milk and udder skin microbiota; however, the fecal microbiota of the 2018 and 2020 samples were similar. The bedding microbiota grouped with the udder skin microbiota of the 2018 samples. Although nonpathogens found as prevalent taxa in udder skin microbiota were likely to be found as abundant taxa in milk microbiota, selection and elimination occurred during transmission. Network analysis suggested that bacterial taxa of milk, udder skin, and fecal microbiota were unrelated to blood metabolites and milk composition, regardless of pathogens or nonpathogens.
X-ray stacking reveals average SMBH accretion properties of star-forming galaxies and their cosmic evolution over 4 ≲ z ≲ 7
Authors: Matsui Suin , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Ito Kei , Ando Makoto , Tanaka Takumi S 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
With an X-ray stacking analysis of $\simeq 12\, 000$ Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) using the Chandra Legacy Survey image, we investigate average supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion properties of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 4 ≲ z ≲ 7. Although no X-ray signal is detected in any stacked image, we obtain strong 3σ upper limits for the average black hole accretion rate (BHAR) as a function of star formation rate (SFR). At z ∼ 4 (5) where the stacked image is deeper, the 3σ BHAR upper limits per SFR are ∼1.5 (1.0) dex lower than the local black hole-to-stellar mass ratio, indicating that the SMBHs of SFGs in the inactive (BHAR $\lesssim 1 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ yr−1) phase are growing much more slowly than expected from simultaneous evolution. We obtain a similar result for BHAR per dark halo accretion rate. QSOs from the literature are found to have ∼1 dex higher SFRs and ≳ 2 dex higher BHARs than LBGs with the same dark halo mass. We also make a similar comparison for dusty starburst galaxies and quiescent galaxies from the literature. A duty-cycle corrected analysis shows that for a given dark halo, the SMBH mass increase in the QSO phase dominates over that in the much longer inactive phase. Finally, a comparison with the TNG300, TNG100, SIMBA100, and EAGLE100 simulations finds that they overshoot our BHAR upper limits by ≲ 1.5 dex, possibly implying that simulated SMBHs are too massive.
Non-linear CMB lensing with neutrinos and baryons: FLAMINGO simulations versus fast approximations
Authors: Upadhye Amol , Kwan Juliana , McCarthy Ian G , Salcido Jaime , Helly John C , Kugel Roi , Schaller Matthieu , Schaye Joop , Braspenning Joey , Elbers Willem , Frenk Carlos S , van Daalen Marcel P , Vandenbroucke Bert , Broxterman Jeger C 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Weak lensing of the cosmic microwave background is rapidly emerging as a powerful probe of neutrinos, dark energy, and new physics. We present a fast computation of the non-linear CMB lensing power spectrum that combines non-linear perturbation theory at early times with power spectrum emulation using cosmological simulations at late times. Comparing our calculation with light-cones from the FLAMINGO 5.6 Gpc cube dark-matter-only simulation, we confirm its accuracy to $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) up to multipoles L = 3000 (L = 5000) for a νΛCDM cosmology consistent with current data. Clustering suppression due to small-scale baryonic phenomena such as feedback from active galactic nuclei can reduce the lensing power by $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. To our perturbation theory and emulator-based calculation, we add SP(k), a new fitting function for this suppression, and confirm its accuracy compared to the FLAMINGO hydrodynamic simulations to $4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at L = 5000, with similar accuracy for massive neutrino models. We further demonstrate that scale-dependent suppression due to neutrinos and baryons approximately factorize, implying that a careful treatment of baryonic feedback can limit biasing neutrino mass constraints.
Cosmological and idealized simulations of dark matter haloes with velocity-dependent, rare and frequent self-interactions
Authors: Fischer Moritz S , Kasselmann Lenard , Brüggen Marcus , Dolag Klaus , Kahlhoefer Felix , Ragagnin Antonio , Robertson Andrew , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Dark matter self-interactions may have the capability to solve or at least mitigate small-scale problems of the cosmological standard model, Lambda cold dark matter. There are a variety of self-interacting dark matter models that lead to distinguishable astrophysical predictions and hence varying success in explaining observations. Studies of dark matter (DM) density cores on various mass scales suggest a velocity-dependent scattering cross-section. In this work, we investigate how a velocity dependence alters the evolution of the DM distribution for frequent DM scatterings and compare to the velocity-independent case. We demonstrate that these cases are qualitatively different using a test problem. Moreover, we study the evolution of the density profile of idealized DM haloes and find that a velocity dependence can lead to larger core sizes and different time-scales of core formation and core collapse. In cosmological simulations, we investigate the effect of velocity-dependent self-interaction on haloes and satellites in the mass range of ≈1011–$10^{14} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. We study the abundance of satellites, density, and shape profiles and try to infer qualitative differences between velocity-dependent and velocity-independent scatterings as well as between frequent and rare self-interactions. We find that a strongly velocity-dependent cross-section can significantly amplify the diversity of rotation curves, independent of the angular dependence of the differential cross-section. We further find that the abundance of satellites in general depends on both the velocity dependence and the scattering angle, although the latter is less important for strongly velocity-dependent cross-sections.
Estimating the jet power from Broadband SED modelling of Mkn 501 for different particle distributions
Authors: Bora Hritwik , Khatoon Rukaiya , Misra Ranjeev , Gogoi Rupjyoti 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We consider the broad-band spectral energy distribution of the high-energy-peaked blazar Mkn 501 using Swift-XRT/UVOT, NuSTAR and Fermi-LAT observations taken between 2013 and 2022. The spectra were fitted with a one-zone leptonic model using synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emission from different particle energy distributions such as a broken power law, log-parabola, as well as distributions expected when the diffusion or the acceleration time-scale are energy-dependent. The jet power estimated for a broken power-law distribution was ∼1047(1044) erg s−1 for a minimum electron energy γmin ∼ 10(103). However, for electron energy distributions with intrinsic curvature (such as the log-parabola form), the jet power is significantly lower at a few times 1042 erg s−1 which is a few per cent of the Eddington luminosity of a 107 M⊙ black hole, suggesting that the jet may be powered by accretion processes. We discuss the implications of these results.
The Cosmic Clockwork
Authors: Frost Mike , McLeish Tom 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This first chapter tackles the underlying dynamic geometry of eclipses from a scientific point of view—when and why do total solar eclipses occur? The cosmic clockwork that creates total solar eclipses essentially consists in Euclidean geometry enhanced with planetary motion: The motion of the orbital dynamics of Earth around the Sun, and that of the Moon around Earth (yet strongly affected by the force of the Sun). The phenomenon in motion provides the glossary with surely its favourite word—‘syzygy’—meaning a lining up of three bodies. A second ingredient to the geometry is constituted by the need to match the periods of cycles of Earth and Moon so that all align, giving rise to the saros cycle known to the ancient world and the more modern inex cycle.
Good Governance and the Partisan Wars: The Effects of Divided Government on Administrative Problem Solving and Oversight Agenda Setting in Congress
Authors: Leavitt Claire 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Congress’s constitutional responsibility to oversee and investigate the executive branch of government demands that instances of waste, fraud, and abuse in the administrative state be checked via both legislation and nonlegislative committee hearings. In this article, I establish an oversight agenda for Congress using the nonpartisan Government Accountability Office's (GAO) biennial identification of the most vulnerable federal agencies and programs. I then assess whether and how government-wide partisanship affects Congress’s ability to address this slate of issues. I find that, when government is divided, Congress is more legislatively productive on high-risk issues, and the House of Representatives is more likely to prioritize investigative hearings on high-risk issues. My results suggest a silver lining to the reality of partisan agenda control: preexisting administrative problems identified by well-positioned and well-informed observers at GAO may get more attention when there is a partisan incentive for the legislature to investigate an opposition-controlled government.
Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tracking of Transplanted Neural Progenitor Cells in the Spinal Cord Utilizing the Bright-Ferritin Mechanism
Authors: Luo Zixiang , Zhuang Keyu , Kim Seong Jun , Vollett Kyle D W , Lou Zijian , Wang Jian , Cheng Hai-Ying Mary , Khazaei Mohamad , Fehlings Michael G , Cheng Hai-Ling Margaret 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) hold promise for treating spinal cord injury. Studies to date have focused on improving their regenerative potential and therapeutic effect. Equally important is ensuring successful delivery and engraftment of hNPCs at the injury site. Unfortunately, no current imaging solution for cell tracking is compatible with long-term monitoring in vivo. The objective of this study was to apply a novel bright-ferritin magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mechanism to track hNPC transplants longitudinally and on demand in the rat spinal cord. We genetically modified hNPCs to stably overexpress human ferritin. Ferritin-overexpressing (FT) hNPCs labeled with 0.2 mM manganese provided significant T1-induced bright contrast on in vitro MRI, with no adverse effect on cell viability, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. In vivo, 2 M cells were injected into the cervical spinal cord of Rowett nude rats. MRI employed T1-weighted acquisitions and T1 mapping on a 3 T scanner. Conventional short-term cell tracking was performed using exogenous Mn labeling prior to cell transplantation, which displayed transient bright contrast on MRI 1 day after cell transplantation and disappeared after 1 week. In contrast, long-term cell tracking using bright-ferritin allowed on-demand signal recall upon Mn supplementation and precise visualization of the surviving hNPC graft. In fact, this new cell tracking technology identified 7 weeks post-transplantation as the timepoint by which substantial hNPC integration occurred. Spatial distribution of hNPCs on MRI matched that on histology. In summary, bright-ferritin provides the first demonstration of long-term, on-demand, high-resolution, and specific tracking of hNPCs in the rat spinal cord.
No Differences in Clinical, Functional, or Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Trial of Non-operative Management Prior to Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fractures.
Authors: Patel Urvi J. , Holloway Melissa R. , Carroll Thomas J. , Soin Sandeep P. , Ketz John P. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
To test the hypothesis that primary osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures may lead to more favorable clinical, functional, and patient-reported outcomes than fixation following a trial of nonoperative management.

Methods:

Design:
Retrospective Cohort Review.

Setting:
Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients who presented with humeral shaft fractures, and ultimately underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) from 05/2011 to 05/2021. Patients who underwent ORIF within 2 weeks of injury were grouped into the primary osteosynthesis cohort, and patients who underwent ORIF >4 weeks from date of injury were grouped into the trial of nonoperative cohort.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Post-operative complications, elbow arc of motion, time to radiographic union, and patient-reported outcomes were investigated and compared between the primary osteosynthesis and trial of nonoperative management cohorts.
Results: 127 patients fit the study criteria, 84 underwent primary osteosynthesis and 43 trialed initial non-operative treatment. No differences were found in patient demographics between the primary osteosynthesis and trial of non-operative management cohorts, including age (53±19 vs. 57±18; p=0.25), sex (39% vs. 44% male, 61% vs. 56% female; p=0.70), and BMI (30±6 vs. 32±9; p=0.38) . The average time to operative intervention in the primary osteosynthesis group was 4 days (0-14 days), and 105 days (28-332 days) in the trial of non-operative treatment group (p<0.01). No differences were found with regards to intra-operative blood loss, total operative time, time to radiographic union (determined using the RUSHu scoring system), or overall complication rates, including primary and secondary radial nerve injuries (P=0.23 and 0.86, respectively). Patients reported similar PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) (P=0.73), Depression (D) (P=0.99), and Physical Function (PF) (P=0.66) scores at their 6-month post-surgical follow up visits.

Conclusion:
Patients who attempted a trial of non-operative management for humeral shaft fractures prior to open reduction and internal fixation had similar clinical, functional, and patient reported outcomes as those who underwent primary osteosynthesis.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Academic Electronic Health Record in Mental Health Clinical
Authors: Mountain Carel , Hill Rachel 
Published: March 2024

Developing competency in the use of EHRs is essential for entry-level professional nurses. Although nursing education has been encouraged to integrate this technology into nursing curriculum, many students still graduate feeling unprepared in this area. As a result, nursing graduates lack the skills necessary to effectively use EHRs, which may have negative consequences for safe patient care. Use of academic EMRs provides students the opportunity to integrate informatics education, develop critical thinking, and incorporate problem-solving skills in the clinical area.
An academic EMR was introduced to students in the second semester of a baccalaureate degree nursing program. Students completed documentation on one patient from the mental health clinical rotation. A retrospective chart review was conducted, using a rubric to determine charting efficacy.
Data analysis indicated that students struggled with documentation of the mental health assessment, care plan development, and nursing notes. Student documentation was strongest in vital signs and basic information.
Students need practice documenting on the critical aspects of nursing care. Utilization of an academic EMR for clinical charting provides an opportunity for students to practice documentation and develop necessary skills for clinical practice.
Metastatic Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Important Consideration in the Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Basaloid Neoplasms in the Skin: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Thigpen Bradley T. , Johnston Ronald B. , Giubellino Alessio , Mogrovejo Diana O. , Jethwa Ashok R. , Patino Willmar D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Malignant basaloid neoplasms of the skin are frequent, and their accurate diagnosis holds paramount importance for treatment and prognosis. However, these neoplasms can present diagnostic challenges because of their extensive differential diagnosis, which encompasses cutaneous metastasis among many other possibilities. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a history of p16-positive palatine tonsil squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation with no prior evidence of recurrence who presented to the dermatologist with 2 chin papules. The initial histopathologic evaluation of these lesions showed poorly differentiated malignant basaloid neoplasms. Subsequently, these biopsies were compared with the previous biopsies from his tonsil and lymph node, which showed similar findings including positive p16 staining and positive molecular testing for human papillomavirus-16, confirming the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis from his previously diagnosed human papillomavirus–related tonsil SCC. Additional imaging studies found metastases to internal organs including the brain, and he was started on chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. Cutaneous metastases from tonsil SCC are exceedingly rare, and only 5 cases have been described. Furthermore, this is the first case confirming the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus by molecular studies within the cutaneous metastases. The presented case underscores the importance of recognizing this unusual manifestation of tonsil SCC metastatic to the skin along with a good clinical patient history, ensuring accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Practical Review on the Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Davidson Amelia L. , Sutherland Mason A. , Siska Robert C. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a limb-threatening pathology that necessitates early detection and management. The diagnosis of ACS is often made by physical examination alone; however, supplemental methods such as compartment pressure measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and ultrasound can provide additional information that support decision-making. This practical review aims to incorporate and summarize recent studies to provide evidence-based approaches to compartment syndrome for both resource-rich and -poor settings among several patient populations.
Safety and Outcomes in Multiplane Facial Rejuvenation with Tranexamic Acid: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ziegler Rodríguez Otto Rolando , De la Cruz Ku Gabriel , Chávez Díaz Marcelo , Ziegler Rodríguez Gonzalo Javier , Ziegler Gutiérrez Otto Enrique 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has demonstrated promising outcomes in plastic surgery. Our aim was to assess the effect of TXA in intraoperative bleeding, operative time, and complications among patients undergoing facial surgical procedures.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent multiplane facial rhytidectomy from January 2018 to September 2022 at the Clinica Ziegler, Lima, Peru. Patients were divided into two groups according to the use of intravenous plus local infiltration of TXA. We performed the chi square test to assess associations among categorical variables, the Student t test and Mann–Whitney U test for categorical with continuous variables, and Pearson correlation for quantitative variables.

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included with 50 patients in each group. The median age was 59.5 years and the majority were women (88%). The median operative time was 288.5 minutes. The TXA group presented less intraoperative bleeding (40 versus 90 mL, P < 0.05) and shorter operative time (237 versus 353 minutes, P < 0.05); no differences in the development of hematoma (2% versus 12%, P = 0.11), less ecchymosis (2% versus 36%, P < 0.05), edema (2% versus 100%, P < 0.05), and time to drain removal (3 versus 6 days, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
TXA improves the short- and long-term outcomes of patients who undergo multiplane facial rhytidectomy. It also decreases intraoperative bleeding by more than half and reduces the operative time by one third. Moreover, patients receiving TXA presented significantly less ecchymosis, edema, and time to drain removal.
Concussion Management in Older People: A Scoping Review
Authors: Elias Josh , Sutherland Emma , Kennedy Ewan 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To map existing literature about concussion management in older people, identifying and analyzing gaps in our understanding.

Context:
Concussion injuries affect older people, yet little guidance is available about how to approach concussion management with older people. Research does not always include older populations, and it is unclear to what extent standard concussion management is appropriate for older people.

Design:
Scoping review.

Method:
A structured literature search was conducted using 4 databases to identify existing literature relating to concussion management in older people. Studies that assessed outcomes relating to the management of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury in those 65 years or older were included and mapped according to the main themes addressed.

Results:
The search yielded a total of 18 articles. Three themes related to early management (use of anticoagulants n = 6, intracranial lesions n = 3, and service delivery for older people n = 5), and 1 theme related to general management (cognitive issues n = 4). A lack of articles exploring general management in older people was observed.

Conclusion:
Existing literature indicates that specific management strategies are needed for older people with concussion, especially in early management. This review highlights that good evidence is available about early management and this is reflected in some guidelines, yet little evidence about general management is available and this gap is not acknowledged in guidelines. Distinct approaches to early management in older people are clearly recommended to mitigate the risk of poor outcomes. In contrast, general concussion management for older people is poorly understood, with older people poorly represented in research. A better understanding is needed because—as observed in early management—older people have distinct characteristics that may render standard management approaches unsuitable.