bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Infrared Dichroism and Molecular Orientation of Modifying Reagents, l-β-Phenyllactic Acid and l-β-Phenyl-α-alanine, in Thin Films on Nickel Metal Surfaces
Authors: Hatta Aritada , Suëtaka Wataru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared absorption spectra of thin films of modifying reagents, l-β-phenyllactic acid and l-β-phenyl-α-alanine, formed on nickel metal plates were measured by the high-sensitivity reflection method. From the infrared dichroism in the reflection spectra, the molecular orientations in the thin films were deduced. The C=O and alcoholic O–H bonds of l-β-phenyllactic acid are oriented nearly vertical to the metal surface, whereas the carboxyl O–H bond and the benzene ring are parallel to the surface. The benzene ring and the C–N bond in l-β-phenyl-α-alanine are oriented nearly parallel to the metal surface, while the O···O axis of the carboxylate group is inclined to the surface.
Studies of Fragment Ion Distribution and Reaction by the Use of a Charge Spectrometer. VII. Fragmentation of Aliphatic Thiol Ions Produced by Charge Exchange with Positive Ions
Authors: Yoshihara Kenji , Kobayashi Masanao , Ikuta Shigeru , Shiokawa Takanobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fragmentation of molecular ions of methanethiol, ethanethiol, two kinds of propanethiols, and four kinds of butanethiols formed by charge exchange with positive ions has been studied using a tandem mass spectrometer. The results are compared with those of the corresponding alcohols obtained by Lindholm and coworkers, and similarities and differences between both series of ions are pointed out. The effect of the structure of the molecule on fragmentation is discussed. The fragment ions derived from primary scission are predicted on the basis of the EHMO calculation.
The Photo-oxygenation Reactions of Diethyl Ether, p-Phenylenediamine, and N,N-Dimethylaniline
Authors: Maeda Kojiro , Nakane Akihiro , Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The products of photo-oxygenation reactions of ethyl–ether, p-phenylenediamine, and dimethylaniline were studied quantitatively and some radical intermediates were found by ESR measurements. The following quantum yields of the main products of these reactions were obtained: ethyl acetate (for ethyl ether), 0.49; p-benzoquinonediimine (for p-phenylenediamine), 0.01. As a possible reaction mechanism of the photo-oxygenation reactions of ethyl ether and p-phenylenediamine, it is proposed that at least part of the reaction is initiated by the charge transfer from the organic molecule to oxygen, followed by rapid proton detachment, yielding such radicals as EtO-\dotCHCH3 and \dotNHC6H4NH2 respectively.
Circular Dichroism Spectra of Unsym-cis(O) Isomers of (l-Alaninate-N-monoacetato) (diethylenetriamine)cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Hidaka Jinsai , Shimura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A couple of diastereomers, ΔΔΛ-R(N)–l(C) and ΔΛΛ-R(N)–l(C), of unsym-cis(O)-(l-alaninate-N-monoacetato)(diethylenetriamine)cobalt(III)(1+) complex was prepared and characterized from the circular dichroism spectra, which presented an example for the additivity between the circular dichroism contributions due to the configurational (ΔΔΛ and ΔΛΛ) and the vicinal (R(N)+l(C)) chiralities.
The Synthesis of 1,3-Thiazine-2,4-dithiones by the Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with Cyclic Ketones or Their Ketimines
Authors: Muraoka Motomu , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Takeshima Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclohexanone, 4-methylcyclohexanone, and phloroglucinol, when treated with carbon disulfide in the presence of triethylamine and aqueous ammonia, gave the respective 3,1-benzothiazine-2(1H),4-dithiones. Glutazines and 2-iminocyclopentanedithiocarboxylic acid underwent this reaction without ammonia.
Monomer–Isomerization Polymerization. XIV. Monomer–Isomerization Polymerization of 4-Methyl-2-pentene with Ziegler-Natta Catalyst
Authors: Otsu Takayuki , Endo Kiyoshi , Nagahama Hiroharu , Shimizu Akihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Methyl-2-pentene (4M2P) was found to polymerize in the presence of TiCl3–Al(C2H5)3 catalyst, and to yield a high molecular weight isotactic homopolymer of 4-methyl-1-pentene (4M1P). From the fact that the isomerizations from 4M2P to its positional isomers were also observed, it was concluded that this polymerization was induced by a monomer-isomerization polymerization mechanism, i.e. 4M2P isomerized first to 4M1P, which then homopolymerized. The rates of both polymerization and isomerization were affected by the Al/Ti molar ratio of catalyst system, and by the addition of transition metal compounds such as nickel acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2]. It was concluded that the maximum rates were observed at Al/Ti=3 and Ni/Ti=0.2 in molar ratio.
The Facile Syntheses of Aldehydes and Aldehydic Acids from Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides Using Disodium Tetracarbonylferrate (–II)
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihisa , Yamashita Masakazu , Mitsudo Take-aki , Igami Mineo , Takegami Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Disodium tetracarbonylferrate reacts readily with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides under mild conditions; the corresponding aldehydes are formed in high yields by quenching the reaction solution with acetic acid. Intermolecular anhydrides give aldehydes and acids, and intramolecular ones give aldehydic acids. The reaction mechanism via acylcarbonylferrates is assumed.
Eine Ableitung aus der Hypothese über den Litheffekt
Authors: Suga Tsuneo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In früheren Arbeiten wurde der Mechanismus der Lithentwicklung und die Hypothese über die Entstehung des Litheffekts diskutiert. Nach dieser Hypothese ist für einen bildscharfen Litheffekt eine richtige Balance zwischen der Entwickelbarkeit der stärker belichteten Bildkeime und der Oxydierbarkeit der schwächer belichteten wichtig. Damit wurde der gute Litheffekt der Chlorbromsilber-Emulsion mit hohem Chloridanteil und der Litheffekt der Bromjodsilber-Emulsion mit niedrigem Jodidanteil gut erklärt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine steile Gradation einer Bromjodsilber-Emulsion aus der Ableitung der Hypothese versucht. Die steile Gradation der Bromjodsilber-Emulsion, die man in Gegenwart von Rhodanid im Entwickler an Steile von Bromid erhielt, wurde der ,,Redox-Lith-Effekt“ der Bromjodsilber-Emulsion genannt.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Potassium Acetylacetonate Hemihydrate
Authors: Shibata Shuzo , Onuma Shigeki , Matsui Yukinori , Motegi Shoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of potassium acetylacetonate hemihydrate, KC5H7O2· 1/2H2O, has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. Crystals are triclinic with space group P\barl, a=10.86, b=8.74, c=7.45 Å, α=90.5, β=95.8, γ=91.9°, and Z=4. The final R value was 0.109 for 1589 visually estimated reflection data. Each potassium ion is surrounded by seven oxygen atoms, at distances of 2.65 to 3.05 Å, six of which belong to four acetylacetone anions and the rest is a water molecule. The bond lengths and angles of the acetylacetone anion are very similar to those of acetylacetone groups in heavy metal chelates, but differ from those of the free molecule of acetylacetone.
The Spectroscopic Study on the Dimerization of Pyridine Derivatives on the Surfaces of MgO, CaO and SrO
Authors: Iizuka Tokio , Tanabe Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorption and dimerization of pyridine derivatives on MgO, CaO, and SrO were studied by ESR and visible absorption spectrometries. Adsorbed pyridine on the oxides was found to give an ESR signal of five lines and 580 nm absorption spectrum which were attributed to dipyridyl anion radical. The deuterium isotope effects for the formation of dipyridyl anion radicals were observed on MgO and CaO, but not on strong basic oxide, SrO. Methylpyridines adsorbed on MgO gave the same species as pyridine by the irradiation of light (λ&gt;370 nm). From these facts, the surface intermediates for the dimerization reaction were discussed. When the adsorbed species were exposed to oxygen molecule, the dipyridyl anion radicals faded away and the ESR spectra attributed to the O2− ion were observed.
Studies of the Solvent Dyeing of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Disperse Dyes from Trichloroethylene and Isooctane
Authors: Morita Zenzo , Hiraoka Shinji , Yamamori Toshiyasu , Motomura Hiromi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The diffusion of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone and C. I. Disperse Orange 3 in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from the trichloroethylene (TRI) and isooctance (ISO) dyebath was investigated by the method of the cylindrical film-roll. The stability of PET in TRI and ISO at high temperatures was also examined. The degradation of PET by solvents was in the following order: water&gt;TRI&gt;tetrachloroethylene (TCE) and ISO. The diffusion coefficients of Orange 3 from various solvents at 90°C were in the order: TRI&gt;TCE&gt;water&gt;ISO. The activation energy of diffusion from ISO was much larger than that from TRI, the latter being nearly identical to that from TCE. The Arrhenius plots of the diffusion coefficients in PET indicated some transitions. The glass transition temperature of PET in TRI was lower than that in TCE. The diffusion coefficient and the surface concentration of Orange 3 from ISO were increased by the addition of water, while those from TRI were not changed within the range of experimental error.
A Photoconductivity Study of Trapped Ionic Species in γ-Irradiated Ethylcyclohexane Glass at 77 K
Authors: Kato Noriyuki , Fueki Kenji , Kuri Zen-ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A photoconductivity study has been made of trapped ionic species in γ-irradiated ethylcyclohexane glass at 77 K. The photocurrent peak initially increases with an increase in the dose, reaches a maximum, and then decreases with a further increase in the dose. The experimental results indicate that the photocurrent vs. dose curve is probably affected by the radiolysis products. The photocurrents of γ-irradiated ethylcyclohexane–cyclopentane and 3-methylpentane glasses were also measured in the presence of biphenyl. It has been observed that electrons can be transferred almost reversibly between the biphenyl molecules and solvent traps. An analysis of the experimental data shows that only a very small fraction of the trapped electrons are responsible for the observed photoconductivity. A procedure is developed for estimating the lifetime of mobile electrons in glassy matrices.
Dielectric Relaxation in Substituted Benzaldehydes
Authors: Singh B , Vij J K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The measurements of the relative permittivity at frequencies of 1 MHz and 9.274 GHz and of the refractive index at sodium D-line have been carried out at 30°C for o-chlorobenzaldehyde (A), m-chlorobenzaldehyde (B), p-chlorobenzaldehyde (C), o-nitrobenzaldehyde (D), m-nitrobenzaldehyde (E), and P-nitrobenzaldehyde (F), in dilute solutions of benzene, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, p-dioxane and Nujol. The dielectric relaxation times for the overall rotation and the electric dipole moments for these molecules have been calculated. These results have been used to calculate the dipole moment for the internal rotations, possibly of the CHO-group, in the molecule. The results are analyzed in terms of the solute-solvent interactions for these molecules. The bonding between the hydrogen atom of the aldehyde group and the oxygen atom of the dioxane molecule seems to be fairly weak. The comparative behavior of the chlorobenzaldehydes and the nitrobenzaldehydes has also been discussed.
The Crystal Structure of Monoaquobis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) Nitrate, [Cu(H2O)(phen)2](NO3)2
Authors: Nakai Hisayoshi , Deguchi Yoshito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected on Weissenberg photographs, using CuKα radiation. The intensities were estimated visually with a standard scale. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by the least-squares method. The final R value was 0.118 for 1835 observed reflections. The space group is C2/c, with a=22.58(2), b=7.23(1), c=16.58(2) Å, β=123.6(1)°, and Z=4. The crystal is composed of [Cu(H2O)(phen)2]2+ cations with C2-symmetry and NO3− anions. The copper atom is surrounded by four nitrogen atoms of the two phenanthroline ligands (average Cu–N=2.01 Å) and a water-oxygen atom (Cu–O=2.18 Å) in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal arrangement. One oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms of two different phenanthroline ligands are coplanar with the central copper atom, and lines linking the copper atom with each of the axial nitrogen atoms make angles of about 10°, with the normal to the basal N–N–O plane. The electronic reflectance spectrum of this complex shows a characteristic band at about 12.5×103 cm−1, which is analogous to that of [CuI(bipy)2]I.
Neutron-activation Analysis of Selenium, Osmium and Ruthenium in Rocks, Sediments and Biological Materials by Successive Distillations with Three Kinds of Strong Phosphoric Acid Reagents
Authors: Terada Kikuo , Matsumoto Ken , Kiba Toshiyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new separation scheme is presented for the neutron-activation analysis of selenium, osmium and ruthenium in solid samples such as rocks, sediments and biological materials. A neutron-irradiated sample accompanying the carriers of the three elements was heated with the bromide-SPA reagent to 250°C, whereupon selenium came out as gaseous selenium tetrabromide. The second distillation was performed by heating the residual sample with Ce(IV)-SPA reagent till 285°C to separate osmium as osmium tetroxide gas. The last distillation of ruthenium as ruthenium tetroxide followed under heating the residue with the Cr(VI)-SPA reagent till 245°C. Each distillate was absorbed in an appropriate absorbing solution from which selenium metal, osmium thiourea chromithiocyanato complex, and ruthenium metal were respectively recovered and they were submitted to γ-counting by means of a Ge(Li) detector coupled with a multi-channel pulse height analyzer. The chemical recoveries of the added carriers were found to be about 80% for selenium and above 90% for osmium and ruthenium.
The Syntheses of R3Sn–Mn(CO)5−nLn(n=0 or 1) Compounds and Their 119Sn-Mössbauer and 1H-NMR Studies
Authors: Onaka Satoru , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Seven new compounds with the Sn-Mn bond have been prepared by carbonyl displacement with a weaker π-accepting ligand, L (L=P(C6H5)3, As(C6H5)3, Sb(C6H5)3 for R3Sn–Mn(CO)5) or by reaction of the anion [Mn(CO)5]− or [Mn(CO)4P(C6H5)3]− with R3SnX (R=C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9). A trans configuration is deduced for the mono-substituted compounds, R3Sn–Mn(CO)4L, on the basis of the infrared spectra in the v(CO) region. The 119Sn-Mössbauer and IR spectra are measured for sixteen compounds of the R3Sn–Mn(CO)5−nLn type (R=CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, Cl, Br, I; L=P(C6H5)3, As(C6H5)3, Sb(C6H5)3; n=0 or 1). Both the Mössbauer isomer shift and the quadrupole splitting increase with an increase in the length of the alkyl chain attached to the tin atom. The replacement of CO on the manganese atom with the weaker π-accepting ligand, L, has a significant effect on the isomer shift and quadrupole splitting of the tin atom through the σ- and π-interaction between the tin and manganese atoms. An interpretation of the change in the chemical shift of the terminal methyl protons is also given for alkyl derivatives.
Degradation of Polyacrylamide Molecules in Aqueous Solutions by High-speed Stirring
Authors: Nagashiro Waichi , Tsunoda Teruo , Tanaka Makoto , Oikawa Mitsuru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosity of polyacrylamide aqueous solutions decreases as a result of high-speed stirring, due possibly to the degradation of the molecules.
Investigation of the Concept of Free Volume by Means of a Correlation Function Method
Authors: Arakawa Kiyoshi , Kojima Kazumitsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An investigation of the validity of the free volume theory of liquid has been undertaken on the basis of the theory of correlation functions. A formula for free volume without use of a geometrical model has been proposed and discussed. The magnitude of equivalent free volumes obtained from the formula has been found to be nearly equal to that calculated from the entropy of vaporization by means of the free volume theory. The results give support to the physical reality of the concept of free volumes. The communal entropy deduced agrees with that obtained by an expansion formula to the first order of density. A formula for compressibility has also been derived, which gives satisfactory results in comparison with observed data.
Studies of Surface Modification of Solids. III. Reaction of Silica with Trifluoroethanol
Authors: Tsutsumi Kazuo , Emori Haruo , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The esterification of silica was performed by reactions with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol vapor and ethanol vapor with and without basic catalysts, such as ammonia and pyridine. The esterification with ethanol was referred to as the control. The extents of the esterifications were observed by means of infrared spectroscopy. The reactivity of the silica with trifluoroethanol was higher than that with ethanol. This is presumably because trifluoroethanol is more acidic than ethanol. The esterification was accelerated by the addition of ammonia as a base catalyst. For example, in the reaction of the silica with trifluoroethanol of 10.7 Torr at 30 °C for 3 hr, 35% of the surface silanols were esterified without any catalyst, while with the ammonia (0.2 Torr) catalyst, 98% of them was esterified. This suggests that the extraction of the proton from the hydroxyl groups of alcohol by NH3 contributes to the esterification. The addition of pyridine influenced the reaction rate as well, but the esterification itself was disturbed by the addition of excess pyridine, because pyridine was adsorbed strongly on the surface silanol and its heterocyclic ring prevented the alcohols from adsorption. It is supposed that the physical adsorption of trifluoroethanol on the surface silanol is necessary in the first stage of the esterification. The esterified silica became hydrophobic, and it was hydrolyzed in the presence of water.
The Ligation of Phosphine Derivatives and the Oxygen-binding Properties of the Cobalt Mesoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Ester in Toluene
Authors: Takayanagi Teruo , Yamamoto Haruhiko , Kwan Takao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The coordination of phosphine derivatives and some other bases to the cobalt mesoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester in toluene has been spectrophotometrically investigated. The coordination equilibrium constants were determined for each base, and found to be of this sequence (25 °C) : P(C4H9)3&gt;&gt;P(OCH3)3&gt;P(C6H5)3&gt;S(CH3)2&gt;As(C6H5)3. The reversible oxygenation of the penta-coordinate complexes formed as above was investigated at lower temperatures (−20–−80 °C): the corresponding equilibrium constants were found to be in the following sequence (−80 °C): P(C4H9)3&gt;P(OCH3)3&gt;S(CH3)2&gt;P(C6H5)3&gt;As(C6H5)3. These relations were discussed in terms of the σ-donating ability of a ligand coordinated trans to oxygen.
The Gas Chromatographic Determination of Carbonyl Compounds as Their Thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Baba Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The gas chromatographic determination of carbonyl compounds in a contaminated air sample via their thiosemicarbazone was studied. As the method utilizes the selective detectability of the flame photometric detector for the sulfur compound, the isolation of the sulfur-containing derivatives of the carbonyl compounds is not required; this eliminates the inaccuracy stemming from the isolation of the derivatives from the sample solution. The isolation and subsequent regeneration of the carbonyl compound was carded out via the thiosemicarbazone metal complex; this affords a practical method of preparing the sample required for the identification of the individual carbonyl compound.
The Steric Effects of Alkyl Groups on the N–H Stretching Vibrations and the Rotational Isomerism of Alkylureas
Authors: Mido Yoshiyuki , Gohda Tamotsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The free N–H stretching vibrations of various trialkylureas, R2UR′, in dilute solutions were studied in order to resolve our questions concerning the rotational isomerism of dialkylureas. In the infrared spectrum of R2UR′, where R is isopropyl or cyclohexyl, an additional N–H band appears on the higher-frequency side of the trans N–H band. It was also observed that the larger the effective size of the R′ group on R2UR′ is, the stronger the intensity of the additional band becomes. It was concluded, in connection with the rotational isomerism of dialkylureas, that the additional band arises from a form in which the N–H group is out of the skeletal plane.
The Formation and Collapse of Mixed Monolayers of 1-Hexadecanol and 1-Octadecanol with Interest in Evaporation Control of Water by Monolayers
Authors: Funasaki Noriaki , Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Collapse pressure, equilibrium spreading pressure, and melting points of binary mixtures of hexadecanol and octadecanol were measured in order to study the phase equilibrium among a monolayer, a solid, and a liquid and to apply the result to evaporation control of water by monolayers. Collapse pressure and equilibrium spreading pressure of solid mixtures have a maximum at a given composition, while the equilibrium spreading pressure of a liquid mixture has not a maximum. Melting points have a minimum at a given composition. From thermodynamic analysis of these phase equilibriums, it was concluded that the mixed monolayer and liquid mixture were ideal solutions, while the solid mixture was a lattice-distorted solid solution. That is, when the two components of different molecular volumes form a solid solution, the solid solution has high energy due to the distortion of the crystal lattice and consequently, it becomes easier to spread and the mixed monolayer becomes more stable against collapse. From these results, the relations between the composition of solid solution and the surface pressure, composition, and specific evaporation resistance of the mixed monolayer in equilibrium with the solid solution, were obtained.
The Raman Spectra and the Phase Transition of 1,2-Dibromoethane
Authors: Hiraishi Jiro , Shinoda Takako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The lattice vibrations of 1,2-C2H4Br2 and 1,2-C2D4Br2 were measured by means of Raman spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the frequencies and the half widths of the lattice vibrations indicates that the phase transition of the crystal is associated with the rotation of the molecule around the Br–Br axis.
Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Skew Compounds. Methylhydrazine and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine
Authors: Kimura Katsumi , Katsumata Shunji , Osafune Kazuteru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The He I photoelectron spectra of unsymmetric hydrazines CH3HNNH2 and (CH3)2NNH2 have been measured and CNDO/2calculations have been carried out, in which gauche (outer- and inner-skew) forms and trans form were taken into account for CH3HNNH2. It has been found that nonbonding splittings in the photoelectron spectra are well reproduced by CNDO/2 calculations with gauch forms. The present result of conformation are supported by available conformational studies. The following conclusions have been obtained on orbital assignments of the photoelectron spectra: 1) The first and second bands are due to the methylated and unmethylated nitrogen lone pairs, respectively. 2) The third bands are attributed to the N–N bonding orbitals. 3) The rest of the photoelectron spectra up to 18 eV can be explained in terms of other p-type orbitals (C–N bonding, CH3 pseudo π, and NH2 pseudo π).