bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on cobalamin absorption in dogs
Authors: Simpson Kenneth W. , Morton David B. , Batt Roger M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The possibility that the canine pancreas might have an important role in the physiologic absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12) has been explored by determining the effect of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on cobalamin absorption and by examining the subsequent influence of bovine pancreatic enzymes and canine pancreatic juice. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was induced by ligation of pancreatic ducts and confirmed by indirect assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. Cobalamin absorption was determined by oral administration of cyano[58Co]cobalamin and quantitation of radioactivity in blood, urine, and feces during 48 hours. Pancreatic duct ligation resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) decerease in cobalamin absorption, which was not restored by oral administration of bovine pancreatic enzymes, despite considerable improvements in steatorrhea and in vivo proteolytic activities. In marked contrast, malabsorption of cobalamin was significantly (P < 0.05) reversed by oral administration of canine pancreatic juice. These results indicate that pancreatic secretions have an important role in the normal absorption of cobalamin in the dog, a role that does not appear to be attributable to pancreatic enzymes, but is consistent with the existence of a pancreatic intrinsic factor in this species.
Alteration of neutrophil function associated with coccidiosis in cattle: Influence of decoquinate and dexamethasone
Authors: Roth James A. , Jarvinen Julie A. , Frank Dagmar E. , Fox James E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty Holstein steers subclinically infected with coccidia were allotted to 2 groups of 10 steers each. One group received a diet containing 0.5 mg of decoquinate/kg of body weight. After 25 days on the diet, there was no difference between the groups in lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens; However, there were differences in neutrophil function. Neutrophils from steers of the decoquinate-fed group had decreased random migration under agarose, enhanced cytochrome C reduction, and enhanced iodination activity. Other measures of neutrophil function evaluated (chemotactic index, Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, and antibody-dependent and - independent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) were not affected. After 30 days of decoquinate feeding, half of the cattle in each group received 5 daily im injections of dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight). The dexamethasone-treated steers from the group that did not have decoquinate in the diet developed clinical coccidiosis, whereas the decoquinate-treated steers remained clinically normal. Lymphocyte and neutrophil function were again evaluated for a 3-day period beginning 4 days after dexamethasone treatment was halted. Neutrophils from the steers that developed clinical coccidiosis after dexamethasone administration had significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited random migration under agarose, cytochrome C reduction, and iodination activity, but significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced S aureus ingestion. The feeding of decoquinate prevented the inhibition of neutrophil cytochrome C reduction and lessened the inhibition of neutrophil iodination in the dexamethasone-treated group. Dexamethasone treatment was associated with an inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin in principals as well as controls.
Infection of the middle nasal meatus of calves with Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1
Authors: Frank Glynn H. , Nelson Sandra L. , Briggs Robert E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight healthy nonstressed calves were inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1, by instilling a broth culture into the middle nasal meatus of the left nostril. The inoculated left nostrils shed P haemolytica from the ventral nasal meatus at a steady rate for a mean of 7 days, whereas the uninoculated right nostrils of the same calves shed P haemolytica sporadically and in lower concentrations. The duration, frequency, and concentration of P haemolytica shed from the inoculated nostrils was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than from the nostrils of other healthy calves that had been exposed by instilling the culture into the ventral nasal meatus of both nostrils in a previous study. The concentration of antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgM) to P haemolytica increased significantly (P < 0.05) in serum and nasal secretions after exposure.
Four weeks after initial P haemolytica exposure, calves were exposed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and became clinically ill. Four calves were induced to shed P haemolytica from both nostrils by the virus infection; thus, they were harboring the bacterium and were susceptible to active recolonization. Four calves were not induced to shed P haemolytica. The apparent reason was not that they were resistant to active colonization, but that they were no longer harboring the bacterium, because they became active shedders after they were reinfected with P haemolytica.
Furosemide and sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalosis in the horse and response to oral KCl or NaCl therapy
Authors: Freestone John F. , Carlson Gary P. , Harrold Doris R. , Church Gabie 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Metabolic alkalosis was induced in 10 clinically normal horses by administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg of body weight, im) followed 4.5 hours later by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; 500 g in 8 L water) via nasogastric tube. Furosemide diuresis resulted in a mean weight loss of 21.1 kg, which was associated with small, but significant, increases in venous blood pH, bicarbonate, and plasma protein concentrations (P < 0.001), while plasma potassium, chloride, and calcium concentrations declined significantly (P < 0.001).
Oral administration of the hypertonic NaHCO3 solution resulted in clinical evidence of hypovolemia, which was accompanied by a marked increase (P < 0.001) in plasma protein concentration. Seven of the 10 horses developed signs of neuromuscular excitability, as evidenced by muscle fasciculations, and 5 of the horses developed diaphragmatic flutter. Hypernatremia was transiently induced, but it resolved as the horses were allowed access to water.
The alkalosis induced by furosemide and NaHCO3 was profound and persisted for a 24-hour period and was associated with marked hypochloremia and hypokalemia. Partial replacement of the electrolyte deficits and correction of the metabolic alkalosis was attempted, using 1,000 mEq of NaCl or KCl given as an isotonic solution via nasogastric tube. In the KCl-treated group, there was a prompt and significant decline in venous blood pH and bicarbonate concentration (P < 0.001) accompanied by a significant increase in plasma potassium concentration (P < 0.001). Reductions in sodium concentration and increases in chloride concentration followed the KCl therapy, but these responses were variable and less significant (P < 0.05). In the NaCl-treated group, there was a slight reduction in venous blood pH (P < 0.05), but no significant changes in plasma bicarbonate or potassium concentrations. Plasma chloride concentration was slightly increased 2 and 5 hours after NaCl therapy (P < 0.05).
Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol administration in isoflurane-O2 anesthetized healthy dogs
Authors: Tyner C. Lee , Greene Stephen A. , Hartsfield Sandee M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiovascular consequences of butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, iv) administration during isoflurane (1.7% end-tidal concentration) anesthesia were determined in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs. Butorphanol administration caused significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressures; cardiac output; and rate-pressure product.
Evidence for the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in the emetic action of xylazine in cats
Authors: Hikasa Y. , Takase K. , Ogasawara S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intramuscular injection of xylazine induced dose-dependent vomiting in cats (ed50 = 0.277 mg/kg); administration of standard dose of xylazine (2 mg/kg, 2 times the 100% emetic dose) induced vomiting in 100% of the cats studied. The xylazine-induced vomiting was antagonized by adrenoceptor antagonists possessing α2-blocking activity, which were yohimbine, tolazoline, and phentolamine. Of these antagonists, yohimbine was the most effective; the maximal antagonistic effect was seen at 1 mg of yohimbine/kg, a dose at which the other drugs had little or no effect. At the doses studied, prazosin and phenoxybenzamine, adrenoceptor antagonists with α1-blocking activity, did not prevent vomiting induced by xylazine. β-Adrenoceptor (propranolol), dopamine receptor (domperidone and chlorpromazine), a cholinoceptor (atropine), an opiate receptor (naloxone), and a histamine-receptor (diphenhydramine) antagonists, at the doses studied, did not prevent xylazine-induced vomiting. Pre-treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine failed to prevent xylazine-induced vomiting. These results indicated that xylazine-induced vomiting in cats is mediated by α2-adrenoceptors and suggested that the α2-adrenoceptors mediating the vomiting attributable to xylazine may not be presynaptic α2-receptors located on noradrenergic nerve terminals.
Immunologic and hematologic responses in ponies with experimentally induced Strongylus vulgaris infection
Authors: Bailey M. , Martin S. C. , Lloyd S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunologic and hematologic responses were examined in 4 ponies with experimentally induced Strongylus vulgaris infection and in 5 helminth-free ponies. Two ponies were inoculated with 200 larvae and 2 were inoculated with 700 larvae of S vulgaris and then were reinoculated with the same numbers of larvae 34 weeks later. Initial response of the ponies inoculated with S vulgaris was S vulgaris antigen-induced lymphocyte response that developed 1.5 to 3 weeks after inoculation and did not persist. Development of antigen-reactive lymphocytes was followed sequentially by a biphasic complement-fixing antibody response, then biphasic eosinophilia. Antibody titer to S vulgaris antigen was higher in ponies inoculated with 700 larvae, compared with that in ponies given 200 larvae of S vulgaris. Also, the second peak in antibody titer and in absolute number of eosinophils was observed earlier in ponies inoculated with 700 larvae, compared with ponies inoculated with 200 S vulgaris larvae, and subsided before or from about 24 weeks after inoculation. The prepatent period for S vulgaris infection was 24 to 25 weeks. After reinoculation with S vulgaris, a degree of increased lymphocyte responsiveness was apparent but, by 17 weeks after reinoculation, only the primary peak in the absolute number of eosinophils indicated an anamnestic response. Essentially, antibody was not detectable after reinoculation.
Toxicosis in pigs fed selenium-accumulating Astragalus plant species or sodium selenate
Authors: Baker Dale C. , James Lynn F. , Hartley William J. , Panter Kip E. , Maynard H. F. , Pfister James 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three groups of 5 pigs each were fed a high selenium (Se) diet by mixing either Astragalus praelongus (31.6 ppm Se in feed), A bisulcatus (31.7 ppm Se in feed), or sodium selenate (26.6 ppm Se in feed) with commercial hog feed. Ten control pigs were fed only commercial hog chow containing trace selenium (0.44 ppm Se). Pigs were fed for 9 weeks and necropsied when they had ataxia or paralysis. Blood was collected for hematologic and serum biochemical determinations, and samples of various tissues were collected and fixed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin for histologic evaluation or frozen for determination of selenium concentration. All forms of selenium induced clinical signs of weight and hair loss, with cracked hooves and inflamed coronary bands developing in all Na2SeO4-fed pigs and 1 A praelongus-fed pig, but not in A bisulcatus-fed pigs. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and albumin concentrations were unchanged or significantly decreased from prefeeding values in groups fed selenium. Serum aspartate transaminase (ast) activities in Astragalus species-fed groups, and amylase activities and PCV in all groups of pigs fed selenium, were increased. Serum alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities were significantly increased in the A praelongus-fed pigs and significantly decreased in Na2SeO4-fed pigs. Terminal tissue and body fluid selenium concentrations were determined in all groups of pigs fed selenium and compared with values in control pigs. Urine and bile concentrations were increased by the greatest factor (40 to 100 ×), with tissue concentrations of selenium increased by a lesser factor (6 to 17 ×). All groups developed poliomalacia of the spinal cord and brain stem. The marked increase in AST activity in Astragalus-fed groups was attributed to the presence of swainsonine in these plants.
Repair of full-thickness defects in the femoral trochlea of dogs after trochlear arthroplasty
Authors: Moore Jayma A. , Banks William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Trochlear arthroplasty was performed on one stifle in each of 18 Greyhounds; their contralateral pelvic limbs and the pelvic limbs of 2 dogs treated with sham surgery were controls. At 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks, radiography, glycosaminoglycan histochemical analysis, histologic examination, and scanning electron microscopy of the trochlear surface were done.
All dogs used the limb and walked without an observable limp within 2 weeks after surgery. Radiography at euthanasia did not reveal degenerative changes. Well-vascularized, highly cellular, loose fibrous connective tissue was reorganized with time into a dense fibrous connective tissue covering the entire wound. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the replacement tissue surface was rough, torn, and debris-covered.
Differential histologic staining established that change to fibrocartilage had begun deep within the replacement tissue. Histochemical analyses corroborated those observations.
Serum amyloid A protein concentration measured by radial immunodiffusion in Abyssinian and non-Abyssinian cats
Authors: DiBartola Stephen P. , Reiter Jolene A. , Cornacoff Joel B. , Kociba Gary J. , Benson Merrill D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum amyloid A (saa) protein concentration was determined by use of radial immunodiffusion (rid) in 4 groups of cats: Abyssinian cats with amyloidosis, healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis, hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats, and clinically normal non-Abyssinian cats. Mean saa concentration in Abyssinian cats with amyloidosis was significantly (P = 0.05) higher than mean saa concentration in healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis and in hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats. Mean saa concentration in clinically normal non-Abyssinian cats was significantly (P = 0.05) lower than mean saa concentration in healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis and in hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats. Affected and healthy Abyssinian cats, however, could not reliably be distinguished on the basis of saa concentration, because of the wide range of saa values in these 2 groups of cats.
In vitro testing of a potential retroviral vector for producing transgenic livestock
Authors: Squire K. R. E. , Embretson J. E. , First N. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The amphotropic murine leukemia virus (mlv) has been shown to infect mammalian species other than mice. If this virus infects and expresses genes in cells of livestock species (cattle, sheep, and pigs) it has potential for use as a vector to produce transgenic livestock. Because the gene-injection technique for producing transgenic animals is inherently inefficient, our laboratory was interested in identifying or constructing retroviral vectors capable of infecting livestock embryos.
The infectivity of an amphotropic mlv-based vector for ovine, bovine, and porcine cells was tested. Experiments were also conducted to test the ability of the amphotropic mlv promoter, compared with known strong promoters, to express genes in cells from these species. Results indicated that amphotropic mlv infects and expresses genes efficiently in porcine cells and is, therefore, a potential vector for producing transgenic pigs. Infection was not detected in cells from adult bovine and ovine species; however, low levels of infection, with subsequent gene expression, were detected in cells derived from bovine embryos.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis epizootic associated with area-wide emergence of a new Moraxella bovis pilus type
Authors: Vandergaast Nadia , Rosenbusch Ricardo F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pilus-mediated adherence is a virulence attribute of Moraxella bovis. Several pilus types have been shown to exist among strains of this bacterium, but correlation between pilus type and specific field cases of the disease has not been done. During the summer of 1987, an epizootic of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was reported in 7 Iowa counties. Eight isolates of M bovis were secured from 12 episodes studied. All 8 of the isolates were nearly homogeneous in biochemical properties and had the same plasmid biotype. Pilus typing performed by immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy identified a single new pilus type among 5 of the 8 isolates. This pilus type was identified in field cases that developed within a narrow time frame and over large distances. The implication of these findings is that infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis epizootics may be associated with emergence of a novel pilus type, and that rapid dissemination over wide distances can occur, presumably by transportation of carrier cattle.
Influence of temperature and age on the recovery of pseudorabies virus from houseflies (Musca domestica)
Authors: Zimmerman Jeff J. , Berry William J. , Beran George W. , Murphy Dorothy P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In laboratory experiments, pseudorabies virus was readily recovered from within the body of houseflies (Musca domestica L) that had ingested the virus. Age of the fly and ambient temperature affected the rate of virus inactivation within the houseflies. Virus half-life in 3-day-old flies was 6.36 hours vs 2.81 hours in flies 8 or 13 days old. Half-life in 5-day-old flies was 12.92 hours at 10 C, 5.95 hours at 20 C, and 2.69 hours at 30 C. Virus half-life in dead flies was 9.06 hours at 10 C, 4.28 hours at 20 C, and 1.71 hours at 30 C. The data did not provide any evidence of virus replication in either living or dead flies.
Decreased protein kinase C activity in fatty liver from cattle
Authors: Katoh Norio , Kimura Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Protein kinase (pk) C activity in the liver of cattle with fatty liver syndrome was evaluated and compared with that in liver of healthy cattle. The pkc activities in cytosolic and particulate fractions were reduced in fatty livers, compared with those in livers from healthy cattle. The decrease of pkc activity was more distinct in cytosolic (P = 0.0016) than particulate (P = 0.069) fractions. Protein kinase activities other than pkc were not substantially changed. Seemingly, pkc was involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver syndrome in cattle.
Jejunal mucosal lactase activity from birth to 3 weeks in conventionally raised calves
Authors: St. Jean Guy D. , Rings D. Michael , Schmall L. Michael , Hoffsis Glen F. , Hull Bruce L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The descending portion of the duodenum of 6 Holstein calves < 24 hours old was cannulated. Sequential biopsy specimens of the proximal jejunal mucosa were obtained every other day for 3 weeks. Lactase activity in the mucosal specimens was determined and was highest at day 1, but decreased with age. Mean lactase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for days 1, 3, 5, and 7, compared with days 19 and 21.
Form and development of the umbilical cord in pigs and their association with delivery of viable pigs
Authors: Randall Geoffrey C. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Length, extensibility, and absolute strength of umbilical cords were determined in litters of pigs at term. Length was also determined in fetuses earlier in gestation and in hypophysectomized fetuses. Mean cord length at term was 34.6 cm (range, 17 to 50 cm) and its length was correlated with length and birth weight of pigs. Cords were significantly (P < 0.01) shorter in hypophysectomized fetuses, but cord length was not influenced by sex, position in the uterus, or twisting of the cord. Although the umbilical cord was capable of being stretched considerably, the degree varied among pigs. Tension required to break portions of the cord ranged from 545 to 2,000 g. Variations in length, elasticity, and strength of the cord may influence safe delivery, birth asphyxiation, and perinatal mortality in pigs.
Use of conjunctival oxygen index for evaluation of cardiac output in dogs
Authors: Faulkner J. E. , Hauptman J. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The relationship between the palpebral conjunctival oxygen (Pcjo2) index, mixed venous oxygen tension (

), and cardiac index were compared, using a canine hemorrhagic shock model. The cardiac output was reduced by reducing the blood volume in 5% increments until the initial cardiac output was reduced by one half. In each of 7 dogs, the Pcjo2, index and

were found to have good correlation with cardiac index; however, the correlation coefficients were markedly reduced when the data from all of the dogs were combined, It was concluded that Pcjo2 index provides an excellent means of assessing changes in cardiac index over time in the same dog; however, it cannot be used to estimate cardiac index in an individual dog with a degree of accuracy that would be clinically significant.
Transconjunctival oxygen index in healthy awake dogs
Authors: Faulkner J. E. , Hauptman J. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Transconjunctival oxygen tension (Pcjo2) has been used clinically in human beings and experimentally in dogs to evaluate tissue perfusion and to estimate arterial O2 tension (Pao2); however, normal values in awake healthy dogs have not been reported. In this study, transconjunctival oxygen tension and arterial oxygen tension were measured once a week in 6 healthy conditioned dogs (15 to 28 kg) for 8 weeks. The conjunctival oxygen index (Pcjo2 index = Pcjo2/Pao2) was calculated. Mean Pcjo2 index for all dogs was 0.47 ± 0.08 x̄(

± sd). The variability of repeated measurements on the same dog and between dogs was evaluated. A difference (P < 0.05) in Pcjo2 index among dogs was evident, and although there was not a difference in the same dog over time, there was a high coefficient of variability.
Complement activity and selected hematologic variables in newborn foals fed bovine colostrum
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Spensley Michael S. , Smith Bradford P. , Bowling Ann T. , Morse Susan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum complement activity and selected hematologic variables were evaluated in 5 newborn foals fed bovine colostrum (principal group) and 6 foals allowed to nurse their dam (control group). Also, bovine colostrum was evaluated for anti-equine antibodies. Precolostral serum hemolytic and conglutinating complement activities were low and increased similarly in foals of both groups to reach adult values between 1 and 3 weeks after birth.
Bovine colostrum strongly agglutinated, but did not hemolyse principal foals’ rbc and blood containing all known equine blood group alloantigens. Hemolysis was not detected after administration of bovine colostrum. Physiologic anemia developed in foals of principal and control groups during the first week of life. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility in foals of the principal group prior to and after the ingestion of colostrum remained unchanged. However, at 36 hours after birth, there was a significant decrease in erythrocyte osmotic fragility in foals fed homologous colostrum.