bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of systematic reviews on invasive treatment of stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Kuukasjärvi Pekka , Malmivaara Antti , Halinen Matti , Hartikainen Juha , Keto Pekka E. , Talvensaari Taisto , Tierala Ilkka , Mäkelä Marjukka 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the validity of the systematic reviews as a source of best evidence and to present and interpret the evidence of the systematic reviews on effectiveness of surgery and percutaneous interventions for stable coronary artery disease.Methods: Electronic databases were searched without language restriction from January 1966 to March 2004. The databases used included the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, DARE, the Health Technology Assessment Database, MEDLINE(R), MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations. We included systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials on patients with stable coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery in comparison with medical treatment or a comparison between invasive techniques. At least one of the following outcomes had to be reported: death, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, revascularization. The methodological quality was assessed using a modified version of the scale devised by Oxman and Guyatt (1991). A standardized data-extraction form was used. The method used to evaluate clinical relevance was carried out with updated method guidelines from the Cochrane Back Research Group. Quantitative synthesis of the effectiveness data is presented.Results: We found nineteen systematic reviews. The median score of validity was 13 points (range, 6–17 points), with a maximum of 18 points. vCoronary artery bypass surgery gives better relief of angina, and the need for repeated procedures is reduced after bypass surgery compared with percutaneous interventions. There is inconsistent evidence as to whether bypass surgery improves survival compared with percutaneous intervention. A smaller need for repeated procedures exists after bare metal stent and even more so after drug-eluting stent placement than after percutaneous intervention without stent placement. However, according to the current evidence, these treatment alternatives do not differ in terms of mortality or myocardial infarction.Conclusions: We found some high-quality systematic reviews. There was evidence on the potential of invasive treatments to provide symptomatic relief. Surgery seems to provide a longer-lasting effect than percutaneous interventions with bare metal stents or without stents. Evidence in favor of drug-eluting stents so far is based on short-term follow-up and mostly on patients with single-vessel disease.
Producing, Controlling, and Stabilizing Pasteur's Anthrax Vaccine: Creating a New Industry and a Health Market
Authors: Cassier Maurice 
Published: April 2008

ArgumentWhen Pasteur and Chamberland hastily set up their small biological industry to meet the agricultural demand for the anthrax vaccine, their methods for preparation and production had not yet been stabilized. The process of learning how to standardize biological products was accelerated in 1882 when vaccination accidents required the revision of production norms as the first hypotheses on fixity, inalterability, and transportability of vaccines were invalidated and replaced by procedures for continuous monitoring of the calibration of vaccines and the renewal of vaccine strains. Initially, the incompleteness and ongoing development of production standards justified Pasteur's monopoly on the production of the anthrax vaccine under his immediate supervision. Later on, the Pasteur Institute maintained control of these standards in the framework of a commercial monopoly that it established on the veterinary vaccines first sent and then cultivated abroad by the Société de Vulgarisation du Vaccin Charbonneux Pasteur, founded in 1886.
JOIN MINIMUM COST QUEUE FOR MULTICLASS CUSTOMERS: STABILITY AND
PERFORMANCE BOUNDS
Authors: Tandra Rahul , Hemachandra N. , Manjunath D. 
Published: April 2008

We consider a system of K parallel queues providing
different grades of service through each of the queues and serving a
multiclass customer population. Service differentiation is achieved by
specifying different join prices to the queues. Customers of class
j define a cost function
ψij(ci,xi)
for taking service from queue i when the join price for queue
i is ci and congestion in queue
i is xi and join the queue that
minimizes ψij(·,·). Such a
queuing system will be called the “join minimum cost queue”
(JMCQ) and is a generalization of the join shortest queue (JSQ) system.
Non-work-conserving (called Paris Metro pricing system) and
work-conserving (called the Tirupati system) versions of the JMCQ are
analyzed when the cost to an arrival of joining a queue is a convex
combination of the join price for that queue and the expected waiting
time in that queue at the arrival epoch. Our main results are for a
two-queue system.We obtain stability conditions and performance bounds. To obtain the
lower and upper performance bounds, we propose two quasi-birth–death
(QBD) processes that are derived from the original systems by suitably
truncating the state space. The state space truncation in the
non-work-conserving JMCQ follows the method of van Houtum and colleagues.
We then show that this method is not applicable to the work-conserving
JMCQ and provide sample-path-based proofs to show that the number in each
queue is bounded by the number in the corresponding queues of these QBD
processes. These sample-path proof techniques might also be of independent
interest. We then show that the performance measures like mean queue length
and revenue rate of the system are also bounded by the corresponding
quantities of these QBD processes. Numerical examples show that these bounds
are fairly tight. Finally, we generalize some of these results to systems with
more queues.
EXTREMES: A CONTINUOUS-TIME PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Eliazar Iddo 
Published: April 2008

We consider a generic continuous-time system in which events of random magnitudes occur stochastically and study the system's extreme-value statistics. An event is described by a pair (t,x) of coordinates, wheretis the time at which the event took place andxis the magnitude of the event. The stochastic occurrence of the events is assumed to be governed by a Poisson point process.We study various issues regarding the system's extreme-value statistics, including (i) the distribution of the largest-magnitude event, the distribution of thenth “runner-up” event, and the multidimensional distribution of the “topn” extreme events, (ii) the internal hierarchy of the extreme-value events—how large are their magnitudes when measured relative to each other, and (iii) the occurrence of record times and record values. Furthermore, we unveil a hidden Poissonian structure underlying the system's sequence of order statistics (the largest-magnitude event, the second largest event, etc.). This structure provides us with a markedly simple simulation algorithm for the entire sequence of order statistics.
Lisanne Gibson and Joanna Besley, Monumental Queensland:
Signposts on a Cultural Landscape
Authors: Lennon Jane L. 
Published: April 2008

Lisanne Gibson and Joanna Besley, Monumental Queensland:
Signposts on a Cultural Landscape. Pp. 268. $49.95. St Lucia,
Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 2004.By surveying and documenting outdoor cultural objects, the authors of
this book seek to inform communities about the significance of their
public art objects and to provide a starting point for people to value
such artworks as expressing what is unique about their experience and
understanding of Queensland, Australia (p. 7). However, this begs the
question of public value. People in colonial times (nineteenth century)
gave private subscriptions to have public monuments and memorials erected,
and currently, Queensland has a Public Art Agency whose enabling
legislation makes it mandatory for all public works projects to fund
public art works associated with and integral to new construction, as part
of the “Art Built-In” program. Queenslanders clearly like
monuments!
Vincent Noce, La Collection Egoiste (The Selfish
Collector)
Authors: Prott Lyndel V. 
Published: April 2008

Vincent Noce, La Collection Egoiste (The Selfish
Collector) pp. 328. J. C. Lattès, Paris, 2005. ISBN
2-7096-241-9.Few people who follow cases relating to the illicit trade can have
missed the celebrated case of Stéfane Breitwieser, the Alsatian
misfit who stole, over a period of 8 or so years, hundreds of objects from
museums and churches to squirrel away in his attic rooms, or that of his
mother Mireille Stengel, who destroyed almost all of it by disposal in the
family garbage bin or by throwing it into a canal. This book, however,
shows just how much a dedicated investigative journalist can add to the
record, details that are not only useful in trying to understand the
mentality of Breitwieser (by no means an isolated case as this account
shows) and even more useful in showing the loopholes in the
investigations, the lack of coordination between countries, and the sheer
ineptitude of many institutions in securing their collections. Noce,
editor of the cultural section of the French newspaper
Libération, has joined the select company of Karl Meyer
(articles in the New York Times) and Peter Watson who have added
greatly to our knowledge of how the illicit trade works. French
journalists, too, are greatly helping expose the unsavory details of these
activities (see Noce's previous book Descente aux
Enchères and that of Emmanuel de Roux and Roland-Pierre
Paringaud, Razzia sur L'art).
Exuberant and inhibited toddlers: Stability of temperament and risk for problem behavior
Authors: Stifter Cynthia A. , Putnam Samuel , Jahromi Laudan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTemperament, effortful control, and problem behaviors at 4.5 years were assessed in 72 children classified as exuberant, inhibited, and low reactive as 2-year-olds. Exuberant toddlers were more positive, socially responsive to novel persons, less shy, and rated as having more problem behaviors, including externalizing and internalizing behaviors, than other children as preschoolers. Two forms of effortful control, the ability to delay a response and the ability to produce a subdominant response, were associated with fewer externalizing behaviors, whereas expressing more negative affect (relative to positive/neutral affect) when disappointed was related to more internalizing behaviors. Interaction effects implicated high levels of unregulated emotion during disappointment as a risk factor for problem behaviors in exuberant children.
Maternal prenatal smoking, parental antisocial behavior, and early childhood physical aggression
Authors: Huijbregts Stephan C. J. , Séguin Jean R. , Zoccolillo Mark , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study investigated joint effects of maternal prenatal smoking and parental history of antisocial behavior on physical aggression between ages 17 and 42 months in a population sample of children born in Québec (N = 1,745). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant main effects of maternal prenatal smoking and a significant interaction between maternal prenatal smoking and mother's history of antisocial behavior in the prediction of children's probability to display high and rising physical aggression. The interaction indicated that the effects of heavy smoking during pregnancy (≥10 cigarettes/day) were greater when the mother also had a serious history of antisocial behavior. The effects remained significant after the introduction of control variables (e.g., hostile-reactive parenting, family functioning, parental separation/divorce, family income, and maternal education). Another significant interaction not accounted for by control variables was observed for maternal prenatal smoking and family income, indicating more serious effects of maternal prenatal smoking under relatively low-income, conditions. Both interactions indicate critical adversities that, in combination with maternal prenatal smoking, have supra-additive effects on (the development of) physical aggression during early childhood. These findings may have implications for the selection of intervention targets and strategies.
Longitudinal association between infant disorganized attachment and childhood posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: MacDonald Helen Z. , Beeghly Marjorie , Grant-Knight Wanda , Augustyn Marilyn , Woods Ryan W. , Cabral Howard , Rose-Jacobs Ruth , Saxe Glenn N. , Frank Deborah A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether children with a history of disorganized attachment in infancy were more likely than children without a history of disorganized attachment to exhibit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at school age following trauma exposure. The sample consisted of 78 8.5-year-old children from a larger, ongoing prospective study evaluating the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) on children's growth and development from birth to adolescence. At the 12-month visit, children's attachment status was scored from videotapes of infant–caregiver dyads in Ainsworth's strange situation. At the 8.5-year visit, children were administered the Violence Exposure Scale—Revised, a child-report trauma exposure inventory, and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents by an experienced clinical psychologist masked to children's attachment status and IUCE status. Sixteen of the 78 children (21%) were classified as insecure–disorganized/insecure–other at 12 months. Poisson regressions covarying IUCE, gender, and continuity of maternal care indicated that disorganized attachment status at 12 months, compared with nondisorganized attachment status, significantly predicted both higher avoidance cluster PTSD symptoms and higher reexperiencing cluster PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that the quality of early dyadic relationships may be linked to differences in children's later development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic event.
Understanding the association between adolescent marijuana use and later serious drug use: Gateway effect or developmental trajectory?
Authors: Cleveland H. Harrington , Wiebe Richard P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBecause marijuana use often precedes the use of other psychoactive substances, it has been characterized as a gateway to these other substances. The present study used data from both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Youth (Add Health) to examine the “gateway effect” role of earlier marijuana on later hard drug use. Difference score analyses reveal that within-pair differences in earlier marijuana use, controlling for differences in earlier hard drug use, and peer marijuana use predicted later within-pair hard drug use differences for DZ twin pairs. In contrast, earlier differences in marijuana use among MZ twin pairs did not predict later hard drug use differences. Rather than supporting the interpretation that earlier marijuana use “triggers” later hard drug use, these results suggest that the longitudinal pattern of drug use that has been interpreted as the “gateway effect” might be better conceptualized as a genetically influenced developmental trajectory.
A prospective study of child maltreatment and self-injurious behavior in a community sample
Authors: Yates Tuppett M. , Carlson Elizabeth A. , Egeland Byron 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn conjunction with prospective ratings of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect) and measures of dissociation and somatization, this study examined prospective pathways between child maltreatment and nonsuicidal, direct self-injurious behavior (SIB; e.g., cutting, burning, self-hitting). Ongoing participants in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N= 164; 83 males, 81 females) completed a semistructured interview about SIB when they were 26 years old. SIB emerged as a heterogeneous and prominent phenomenon in this low-income, mixed-gender, community sample. Child sexual abuse predictedrecurrentinjuring (i.e., three or more events;n= 13), whereas child physical abuse appeared more salient forintermittentinjuring (i.e., one to two events;n= 13). Moreover, these relations appeared largely independent of risk factors that have been associated with child maltreatment and/or SIB, including child cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, maternal life stress, familial disruption, and childhood exposure to partner violence. Dissociation and somatization were related to SIB and, to a lesser degree, child maltreatment. However, only dissociation emerged as a significant mediator of the observed relation between child sexual abuse and recurrent SIB. The findings are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework in which SIB is viewed as a compensatory regulatory strategy in posttraumatic adaptation.
“THE SECRETS OF GOOD BREWING, THE FOLLY OF STINGINESS”:ADAM BEDE'S CARNIVAL
Authors: Hennelly Mark M. 
Published: April 2008

… the arrival of the ale made an agreeable diversion; for Adam had to give his opinion of the new tap, which could not be otherwise than complimentary to Mrs Poyser; and then followed a discussion on the secrets of good brewing, the folly of stinginess in ‘hopping,’ and the doubtful economy of a farmer's making his own malt. Mrs Poyser had so many opportunities of expressing herself with weight on these subjects, that by the time supper was ended, the ale mug refilled, and Mr Poyser's pipe alight, she was once more in high good-humour, and ready, at Adam's request, to fetch the broken spinning-wheel for his inspection.—George Eliot,Adam Bede
POSSESSED INDIVIDUALISM IN GEORGE ELIOT'SDANIEL DERONDA
Authors: Willburn Sarah 
Published: April 2008

[Harris and a female follower] told me about the fays while I was up at Fountain Grove; how at first a little “Two-in-one” would move into a person's breast as soon as they could find entrance, and then clearing a space would begin to build their house; soon they would have a garden and plant fruit-trees; and then little baby fays would be born. The fays have many babies, and so they keep and keep on enlarging the spaces and filling them full of beautiful houses, gardens, and groves, till at last the whole being, to the very extremities of fingers and toes, is all a fairy universe, a world of loveliness. Just think of having lovely little fays bathing in the veins.—A Sister in the New Life, Santa Rosa, California, June 9, 1881
“THE HECTIC BEAUTY OF DECAY”: POSITIVIST DECADENCE IN MATHILDE BLIND'S LATE POETRY
Authors: Diedrick James 
Published: April 2008

Wan mists enwrap the still-born day;The harebell withers on the heath,And all the moorland seems to breatheThe hectic beauty of decay.—Mathilde Blind, “The Evening of the Year,”Songs and SonnetsTo again invoke the organic metaphor at the root of decadence, what is crucial about the notion of decay is not so much the change from a greater to a lesser state, but the changing itself.—David Weir,Decadence and the Making of Modernism[T]he aim of decadence, whether in science or art, is to challenge the limits that mark some forms of knowledge as permissible and others as forbidden, regardless of the results.—Christine Ferguson, “Decadence as Scientific Fulfillment”
Core Memory for Clinicians
Authors: Jones R.D. 
Published: April 2008

The Essential Handbook of Memory Disorders for
Clinicians. Alan D. Baddeley, Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A.
Wilson (Eds.). (2004). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 381 pp., $45.00,
£26.99/€40.50 (PB).In the preface to this book, the editors reflect that the original
Handbook of Memory Disorders (Baddeley et al.,
1995) was aimed at a clinically oriented readership. Following
publication of the original text, it was noted that neuroscientists
expressed enthusiasm for the work, thus the second edition of the handbook
(Baddeley et al., 2002) expanded significantly
on scientific issues that were perhaps of less immediate clinical
relevance. The current text, which the editors have titled The
Essential Handbook of Memory Disorders for Clinicians is composed of
a series of chapters from the 2002 text. Similar to the 1995 first
edition, the goal of this new book is to provide an accessible text aimed
at clinicians. Core clinical issues of assessment, nomenclature,
phenomenology, etiology, and management are examined as they relate to
disorders of memory and associated underlying diseases.
CONTINUOUS PIECEWISE LINEAR FUNCTIONS
Authors: ALIPRANTIS CHARALAMBOS D. , HARRIS DAVID , TOURKY RABEE 
Published: April 2008

The paper studies the function space of continuous piecewise linear functions in the space of continuous functions on them-dimensional Euclidean space. It also studies the special case of one dimensional continuous piecewise linear functions. The study is based on the theory of Riesz spaces that has many applications in economics. The work also provides the mathematical background to its sister paper Aliprantis, Harris, and Tourky (2006), in which we estimate multivariate continuous piecewise linear regressions by means of Riesz estimators, that is, by estimators of the the Boolean formwhereX=(X1,X2, …,Xm) is some random vector, {Ej}j∈Jis a finite family of finite sets.
Measuring quality of life at the end of life: Validation of the QUAL-E
Authors: STEINHAUSER KAREN E. , CLIPP ELIZABETH C. , BOSWORTH HAYDEN B. , MCNEILLY MAYA , CHRISTAKIS NICHOLAS A. , VOILS CORRINE I. , TULSKY JAMES A. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:To validate the QUAL-E, a new measure of quality of life at the end of life.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the instrument's psychometric properties, including the QUAL-E's associations with existing measures, evaluation of robustness across diverse sample groups, and stability over time. The study was conducted at the VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, in 248 patients with stage IV cancer, congestive heart failure with ejection fraction ≤20%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with FEV1≤ 1.0 l, or dialysis-dependent end stage renal disease. The main outcome measures included QUAL-E and five comparison measures: FACIT quality of life measure, Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index, FACIT-SP spirituality measures, Participatory Decision Making Scale (MOS), and Duke EPESE social support scales.Results:QUAL-E analyses confirmed a four-domain structure (25 items):life completion(α = 0.80),symptoms impact(α = 0.87),relationship with health care provider(α = 0.71), andpreparation for end of life(α = 0.68). Convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated with multiple comparison measures. Test–retest reliability assessment showed stable scores over a 1-week period.Significance of results:The QUAL-E, a brief measure of quality of life at the end of life, demonstrates acceptable validity and reliability, is easy to administer, performs consistently across diverse demographic and disease groups, and is acceptable to seriously ill patients. It is offered as a new instrument to assist in the evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of interventions targeting improved care at the end of life.