bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetic Analysis of the ABO Blood Group System: 2. cis‐AB Alleles
Authors: Yamamoto Fumi‐ichiro , McNeill Patricia D. , Kominato Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Miyako , Hakomori Sen‐itiroh , Ishimoto Seiji , Nishida Sachiyo , Shima Masayuki , Fujimura Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have determined the nucleotide sequence of the coding region in the last two coding exons of ABO genes from two cis‐AB individuals (genotype cis‐AB/O) with no consanguinity. In this region, cis‐AB alleles from these 2 individuals were identical to one another while different from the A1 allele by two nucleotide substitutions. Both of these nucleotide substitutions result in amino acid substitutions. The first substitution is identical to the one previously found in the A2 allele. The other substitution is found at the fourth position of the four amino acid substitutions which discriminate A1 and B transferases.
Molecular Mimicry between HIV‐1 and Antigen Receptor Molecules: A Clue to the Pathogenesis of AIDS
Authors: Süsal Caner , Kröpelin Marianne , Daniel Volker , Opelz Gerhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that autoimmune phenomena play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. We found a high degree of sequence homology between HIV‐1 and antigen receptor molecules, immunoglobulins and T cell receptors. Based on recent findings that the appearance of anti‐Fab autoantibodies and attachment of gp120/immunoglobulin/complement complexes on CD4+ T cells are associated with the decrease of CD4+ T cells in HIV‐infected patients, we hypothesize herein that cross‐reactive anti‐F (ab′)2 autoantibodies and circulating gp120 molecules are responsible for a destabilization of the immune network and the elimination of CD4+ T cells.
Hepatitis C Virus Confirmation in Blood Donor Screening
Authors: Waumans L. , Claeys H. , Verhaert H. , Mertens W. , Vermylen C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA combination of different enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) was used for the serological confirmation of sera that were positive in a hepatitis C virus (HCV) second‐generation screening EIA. Different reaction patterns were related with the probability of the HCV‐carrier state as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Five hundred and eight sera of volunteer blood donors were send for confirmation and at first reexamined with both Abbott and Ortho second‐generation screening EIA. A group of 195 sera, positive in both assays, was further evaluated by the Abbott Supplemental Assay, the Monolisa anti‐HCV and an EIA with only the amino terminal part of the nucleocapsid protein as antigen. In addition PCR on the 5′‐noncoding region of the viral genome was performed. We observed that 75 of the 78 PCR‐positive sera were found in a group of 89 sera that were strongly positive in the four EIAs used. Moreover all but 1 PCR‐positive sera were reactive against the nucleocapsid protein of the virus. Hence we concluded that a genuine antibody response to the nucleocapsid protein is highly suggestive for the HCV‐carrier state.
Evidence for Expression of the Joa Blood Group Antigen on the Gya/Hy‐Active Glycoprotein
Authors: PhD Frances A. Spring , Reid Marion E. , Nicholson Gordon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe phenotypic association between the non‐assigned high‐incidence antigen Joa and the Gya collection antigens Gya and Hy was investigated by haemagglutination studies, flow cytometric analysis, immune precipitation and immunoblotting experiments. In haemagglutination tests anti‐Joa gave the same pattern of reactivity with erythrocytes pre‐treated with pronase, trypsin, α‐chymotrypsin and thiol reducing agents as did anti‐Gya and anti‐Hy. In addition, similar to that found for anti‐Gya and anti‐Hy, anti Joa also showed reduced binding, as determined by haemagglutination and flow cytometric analysis, to erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Immune precipitates prepared from radio‐iodinated antigen‐positive red cells with anti‐Joa, anti‐Gya and anti‐Hy gave similar results – a major component of Mr 49,000–60,000 (the Gya/Hy‐active glycoprotein) and a second component of Mr 85,000–92,000 (this may be a dimer of the Gya/Hy‐active glycoprotein, or a coprecipitated protein). These immune precipitates, when probed with both anti‐Gya and anti‐Hy under non‐reducing conditions, gave a positive immunoblotting reaction to both the Mr 49,000–60,000 and the Mr 85,000–92,000 components. These results strongly suggest that the Joa antigen is expressed on the same glycoprotein that carries the Gya and Hy antigens.
Development and Small‐Scale Production of a Severely Heated Factor VIII Concentrate
Authors: Knevelman A. , De Wit H.J.C. , Potstra P. , Does J.A. v.d. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe small‐scale production of a severely heated factor VIII concentrate is described. As starting material for the production 48 units of fresh frozen plasma from whole‐blood donations or 24 units of plasma from apheresis are used. During a glycine and sodium chloride fractionation, contaminating proteins are removed from a pooled extract of single‐donor cryoprecipitates. The resulting factor VIII‐rich precipitate is redissolved in freeze‐drying buffer and this solution is desalted by diafiltration. After filtration, this solution is dispensed into 10 vials and frozen. The product is freeze dried, and heat treated at 80°C for 72 h. The mean yield of the heat‐treated product improved from 160 IU factor VIII per liter plasma at the start of the production to 215 IU per liter plasma after a modification of the purification process. The validation of the virus inactivation during freeze‐drying and 80°C heat treatment for 72 h showed a reduction of ≥7.6 log PFU/ml for Sindbis and a reduction of ≥6.4 log TCID50/ml for HIV‐1. The factor VIII concentrate was clinically tested in 6 patients. It possessed a normal half‐life, showed a high recovery and no side effects. A Dutch license was granted in June 1991 and since then this product has been routinely manufactured in three Dutch blood banks.
A Simple Technique for Red Blood Cell Removal in Major ABO‐Incompatible Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Mayer Gerhard , Wernet Dorothee , Northoff Hinnak , Schneider Werther 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA simple technique for red blood cell (RBC) removal in major ABO‐incompatible bone marrow transplantation is reported requiring two centrifugation steps, special blood bags and a mechanical device to separate the buffy coat from RBCs within the bag. In 42 transplantations an average of 84% of nucleated cells was recovered with an average contamination of 7.5 ml packed RBCs. The preparations were well tolerated in all patients whose isoagglutinin titers had not been reduced. Bone marrow engraftment was not significantly different from control groups.
Autologous Blood Donation Elective Surgery in Children
Authors: Tasaki Tetsunori , Ohto Hitoshi , Noguchi Mayumi , Abe Rikiya , Kikuchi Shinichi , Hoshino Shunichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStudies were made on 59 children (cardiac 42, orthopaedic 13, miscellaneous 4) scheduled for autologous blood donation before elective surgery. The donor‐patients' ages ranged from 3 to 15 years (mean 9.9 years) and their weights from 13 to 70 kg (mean 34 kg). All patients received 50–100 mg of oral iron sulphate per day. As a rule, about 10% of intravascular blood volume was drawn once a week. Before surgery, an average of 720 ml of autologous blood per patient was prepared. Two patients failed to donate autologous blood because of anxiety about the procedure; however, none of the donors was deferred due anaemia assoicated with the phlebotomy. Of the 53 patients undergoing surgery and participating in autologous predonation, 50 (94%) were able to avoid homologous blood transfusion. 600 ml of homologous blood were transfused to each of 2 orthopaedic patients and 400 ml to 1 cardiac patient. We conclude that a predeposit autologous transfusion programme is logistically possible in small children when the patients are cooperative.
Use of ‘Split’ Plateletpheresis Products for Alloimmunized Patients
Authors: Gharpure Vishwanath S. , Norris Dottie , Lee Edward J. , Schiffer Charles A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSingle donor platelets obtained using the COBE Spectra were split into two halves and administered to alloimmunized patients with leukemia at two different points in time. The mean platelet yield was 6.83 times 1011(n = 63) with 56% of collections having yields of >6.0times1011(i.e. twice the current AABB recommendation for an apheresis platelet transfusion). In 58 instances, the two halves were administered to the same patient 24–96 h apart. The differences in the correct increments of the split transfusions administered 24–48 h apart were not statistically significant, although there were decreased increments after 72 and 96 h of storage. In 5 instances when the CCI for first transfusion was unacceptably low, the second half was successfully transfused to another patient. This study proves it is feasible to split apheresis platelets into two transfusions, and discusses approaches to optimally use this strategy for the transfusion support of alloimmunized patients.
Detection and Characterization of Lewis Antigens in Plasma of Lewis‐Negative Individuals Evidence of Chain Extension as a Result of Reduced Fucosyltransferase Competition
Authors: Henry S.M. , Oriol R. , Samuelsson B.E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNonacid plasma glycolipids from Lewis‐negative individuals of nonsecretor, partial‐secretor and secretor phenotypes were prepared and separated by thin‐layer chromatography and immunostained with radiolabelled Lewis antibodies. Lewis‐positive plasma and intestinal epithelial cell glycolipids from Caucasians representing the four recognized Lewis and secretor combined phenotypes were used as controls. By presenting these purified total glycolipids in a cell‐free environment to Lewis antibodies we were able to demonstrate the presence of small amounts of Lewis antigens in Lewis‐negative individuals. It is shown that lactotetraosylceramide and extended precursor glycolipids are present in all Le(a–b–) nonsecretors. Leawas detected in 1 of the 3 Le(a–b–) nonsecretor plasmas and in the intestinal sample of the same phenotype. Lactotetraosylceramide was absent but H type 1 and Lebwere both present in all group O Le(a–b–) secretors, and extended H type 1 reactive structures were also found in the partial secretor. These results clearly demonstrate that although the Lewis‐negative phenotype exists at the serological level, this phenotype is not an ‘all‐or‐nothing’ phenomenon at the chemical level. We also show that in the presence of reduced fucosyltransferase activity, increased elongation of the precursor chain occurs, which allows us to postulate that fucosylation of the precursor prevents or at least markedly reduces chain elongation.
Prevalence of Infection with the Hepatitis C Virus among Italian Hemophiliacs before and after the Introduction of Virally Inactivated Clotting Factor Concentrates: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Morfini M. , Mannucci P.M. , Ciavarella N. , Schiavoni M. , Gringeri A. , Rafanelli D. , DiBona E. , Chistolini A. , Tagliaferri A. , Rodorigo G. , Baudo F. , Gamba G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn July 1985, all coagulation factor concentrates were withdrawn from the market in Italy and replaced with virally inactivated concentrates. A retrospective survey comparing the prevalence of the antibody to the hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in hemophiliacs multitransfused with nonvirally inactivated concentrates until 1985 with that in previously untreated hemophiliacs transfused exclusively with virally inactivated concentrates since 1985 has been conducted in 9 Italian hemophilia centers. The centers, which follow about one‐fourth of all the Italian hemophiliacs, provided information about 708 patients infused for the first time before 1985 (group A) and 80 patients infused for the first time between 1985 and 1991 (group B). The prevalence of anti‐HCV was 83% (591/708) in group A and 6% (5/80) in group B. For the 5 anti‐HCV‐seropositive patients from group B, dry heating, hydrophobic interaction chromatography plus dry heating (2 patients), hot vapor and pasteurization were the virucidal methods used for the concentrates implicated in HCV transmission. In the case associated with pasteurization, there is the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of HCV. It appears from this retrospective analysis that there has been a substantial reduction in the risk of HCV transmission since the adoption of virucidal methods. However, these methods do not eliminate completely the risk, which might be further reduced by the recent adoption of anti‐HCV screening for plasma donations used to manufacture concentrates.
High‐Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Non‐ABO Transfusion Incompatibility
Authors: Kohan A.I. , Niborski R.C. , Rey J.A. , Amerise G. , Vázquez M.I. , Zani N. , Calahonra R. , Binaghi A. , Avalos J. Sánchez 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in immune and autoimmune diseases led us to use this agent to ameliorate or prevent the consequences of non‐ABO incompatible transfusions in patients who need this form of therapy. IVIG (400 mg/kg/day) was infused within 24 h of transfusion in 5 patients with: (1) intestinal angiodysplasia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and anti‐Kpb; (2) paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, anti‐c, anti E, Anti Fyb, anti‐K and autoantibodies; (3) lymphoma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA); (4) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), AIHA, and anti‐D, and (5) SLE and AHIA. A sustained increase in hematocrit was noted and no trasfusion reaction developed in any of the cases. A single dose of pretransfusion IVIG may therefore be a useful therapeutic alternative in patients for whom no compatible blood is available. Patients with severe anemia, allo‐ and autoantibodies, either showing hemolysis in their pathophysiology or not, cause a serious problem in any transfusion center, especially when dealing with emergencies. In order to reduce the risks of incompatible transfusions, different modalities have previously been attempted, all with poor results. In 1989 we reported the successful use of pretrans‐fusional high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding and anti‐Kpb [19]. The transfusion of incompatible red blood cells improved the anemia and allowed the exploratory laparotomy to take place. A protocol was then developed based on this case administering pretransfusion IVIG in high doses for patients for whom no compatible blood (non‐ABO) is available.
Evaluation of Histo‐Blood Group ABO Genotyping in a Danish Population: Frequency of a Novel O Allele Defined as O2
Authors: Grunnet Niels , Steffensen Rudi , Bennett Eric Paul , Clausen Henrik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTraditional blood group ABO serology is based on immunoreactivity with the carbohydrate determinants A, B and H antigens. Recent advances at the DNA level of the ABO genes have provided a molecular genetic model for the ABO polymorphism. This genetic model has to date only been tested on a limited basis. The present study was initiated to evaluate the universality of the proposed genetic model on a larger group of serologically defined ABO phenotypes. Three hundred healthy Danish blood donors were analysed (A: 50, B: 50, AB: 50, O: 150) by PCR amplification followed by diagnostic restriction enzyme cutting. In all cases A, B, and AB at least one allele of correctly predicted status was found. However, in O phenotype individuals, 11 out of 150 carried one allele discordant to the proposed genetic model. This novel O allele (3.7% allele frequency) was further characterized by diagnostic restriction enzyme analysis in two positions divergent between A and B alleles and by DNA sequencing of the two major exons. The novel O allele is termed O2 as it typed as B in nucleotide position 526 and as A in positions 703, 796, and 803, in contrast to the most predominant O allele termed O1, which types as A in all 4 positions. The structural defect in the O2 allele appears to be an additional substitution at nucleotide position 802. The results clearly demonstrate that with the addition of the two distinctly different O alleles, O1, O2, the previously proposed molecular genetic basis of the ABO polymorphism is quite valid. More importantly the determined characteristics of these two O alleles have practical implications in ABO genotyping, because it establishes within the limits of the number of samples tested that ABO genotypes can be assessed directly by non‐allele specific PCR amplification and restriction enzyme analysis.
Frozen Platelet Plates for Platelet Antibody Detection and Cross‐Match
Authors: Porretti L. , Marangoni F. , Rebulla P. , Sirchia G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe performed 2 studies aimed at developing a frozen platelet panel suitable for platelet cross‐matching. The stability of the most important platelet membrane glycoproteins and the reactivity of antigens of the human platelet antigen (HPA) and of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) systems were evaluated with the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT) in a panel of platelets frozen in microplates with 6% dimethylsulfoxide. In study No. 1 we evaluated platelet reaction with a broad‐spectrum weak anti‐HLA and a potent anti‐HPA‐1a antiserum and the expression of glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa complex on platelet membrane before freezing and after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 months of storage at ‐80°C. In study No. 2 we examined platelet reactivity with anti‐HPA‐1b, ‐HPA‐2a, ‐HPA‐3a, ‐HLA‐A2, ‐HLA‐A3 of platelets stored frozen for 12 months in parallel with fresh platelets from the same donors. Study No. 1 showed that glycoprotein expression was stable and that the weak anti‐HLA and the potent anti‐HPA‐1a antibodies were clearly detected during 12 months at ‐80°C. Of the 35 paired PSIFT performed in study No. 2 with fresh and frozen/thawed platelets incubated with anti‐HPA‐1b, ‐HPA‐2a, ‐HPA‐3a ‐HLA‐A2, ‐HLA‐A3 antisera and AB serum, concordant reactions were obtained in all cases with the exception of 1 case of HLA‐A3‐positive platelets incubated with anti‐HLA‐A3 antiserum, that was reactive with frozen/thawed platelets but nonreactive with fresh platelets from the same donor. The discrepant finding obtained with fresh platelets from 1 donor could be due to the well‐known variable and weak association of HLA antigens to platelet membrane. We conclude that frozen platelet plates can be stored and used for at least 12 months for detecting platelet‐reactive antibodies in patients' sera.
Clinical Significance of Anti‐Ata
Authors: Ramsey G. , Sherman L.A. , Zimmer A.M. , Spies W.G. , Sharma L. , Arndt P. , Garratty G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAta is a high‐frequency red blood cell (RBC) antigen. Anti‐Ata has been reported in rare At(a–) black subjects. We report two cases of anti‐Ata. A clinically significant anti‐Ata was found in a 26‐year‐old black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient had a transfusion reaction with chills and nausea during a RBC survival study, and 95% of the radiolabeled At(a+) RBCs were destroyed within 3 h. A concurrently performed monocyte monolayer assay was strongly reactive. Anti‐Ata thus can cause rapid hemolysis of transfused RBCs, but At(a–) donor units are extremely scarce in rare donor registries. A second patient at our hospital had anti‐Ata which did not affect her newborn. She also had autoimmune disease, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus.
Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn due to Anti‐Jsb
Authors: Gordon Michael C. , Kennedy Melanie S. , O'Shaughnessy Richard W. , Waheed Abdul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnti‐Jsb has not been reported to cause severe hemolytic disease of the newborn requiring intrauterine evaluation and treatment. We now report on such a patient with high‐titered anti‐Jsb causing fetal hydrops with demise in one pregnancy, followed by a pregnancy treated with multiple intrauterine fetal transfusions.
Description of magnetic resonance imaging‐derived enhancement variables in pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and normal peripheral zone regions
Authors: Zelhof Bashar , Lowry Martin , Rodrigues Greta , Kraus Sigurd , Turnbull Lindsay 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess the use of a semiquantitative analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce indices for enhancement curves that might enable differentiation between malignant prostatic lesions and normal peripheral zone (PZ).PATIENTS AND METHODSFifty‐two patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy underwent DCE‐MRI before surgery using a 3 T scanner. The DCE images were used to generate variables from changes in signal intensity for pathologically confirmed malignant areas and the normal PZ, using whole‐mounted pathology specimens as a reference to delineate regions of interest (ROI). These variables included maximum enhancement index (MaxEI), time to MaxEI at 30 s, the initial and final slopes of signal intensity change, and the area under curve. A threshold value for each DCE variable was identified, and the sensitivity and specificity were obtained.RESULTSMalignant lesions had a 56% higher MaxEI than normal PZ and took half the time to reach MaxEI (P < 0.001). Hence, at 30 s, cancer lesions have double the mean (sd) EI than normal PZ, of 2.22 (1.04) vs 1.04 (0.51), respectively. Tumours showed significant washout of contrast medium, which was reflected in the final slope of the curve being negative, as opposed to positive for normal PZ. The combined data of DCE variables, using a logistic regression test, gave a mean (95% confidence interval) sensitivity and specificity of 89 (81–96)% and 90 (83–97)%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis technique provides good discrimination of malignant lesions that might enable accurate localisation of the lesion. It is a simple, semiquantitive, noninvasive method that reflects the unusual vascular characteristics of newly formed microvessels and the changes in the interstitium that occur in prostate cancer.
RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN CENTRAL BANK SIGNALS: AN ANALYSIS OF MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE MINUTES
Authors: Dow Sheila , Klaes Matthias , Montagnoli Alberto 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the signalling aspect of monetary policy. We introduce a heuristic framework for the study of signal uncertainty, and use this to analyse the signal uncertainty implicit in the communications of the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). Our findings suggest that frequencies of key terms expressing signal uncertainty in MPC minutes may either reflect the degree of confidence implicit in MPC deliberations, or offer evidence for the presence of an irreducible kind of signal uncertainty that shows up as white noise, casting doubt on the soundness of the various qualitative uncertainty indices found in the literature.
BUYING VERSUS HIRING—AN INDIRECT EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH
Authors: Berninghaus Siegfried K. , Güth Werner 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOn a symmetric homogeneous oligopoly market with stochastic demand, firms can either hire employees or buy their labor input on a competitive labor market. Whereas the wage of hired labor does not depend on the realization of stochastic demand, the price of ‘bought’ labor reacts positively to product demand. We derive the equilibrium price vector to define an evolutionary process, assuming that the number of hiring firms increases when they earn more than buying firms. We then derive and discuss the stationary distribution of this stochastic adaptation process.