bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydration Structure of Na+ in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Sugawara Kentaro , Usuki Takeshi , Uemura Osamu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements have been carried out for aqueous 10 mol% NaX (X = Cl, Br, ClO4, and NO3) solutions in order to determine the hydration structure of Na+ in concentrated aqueous solutions. Isotropic Raman spectra for NaX–H2O solutions exhibit a polarized peak centered at 183—187 cm−1. The corresponding peak in the isotropic spectra for NaX–D2O solutions is shifted to the lower frequency side by ca. 10 cm−1, indicating that the peak can be assigned to the totally symmetric vibrational mode of hydrated Na+, Na+(H2O)n. The least-squares fitting analysis was applied to the X-ray interference term observed for these solutions in order to discuss the hydration number of Na+ in concentrated aqueous solutions.
89Y-Static and -MAS NMR, and 27Al-MAS NMR in Green Phosphor, Tb-Doped Y3Al5O12 and Luminous Characteristics
Authors: Harazono Toshie , Yokota Etsuzo , Uchida Hiroshi , Watanabe Tokuko 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Luminous properties of a green phosphor, Tb-doped Y3Al5O12, have been studied by 89Y (nuclear spin 1/2)-static and -magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR and 27Al (nuclear spin 5/2)-MAS NMR. In pure Y3Al5O12, a sharp signal at 239 ppm was observed in 89Y-MAS NMR spectrum, which was expected from a powder pattern due to 8O-coordinated Y in D2 symmetry in 89Y-static NMR spectrum. In the 27Al-MAS NMR spectrum of Y3Al5O12, two typical signals were observed, i.e., a sharp signal at 0 ppm due to 6O-coordinated Al in the octahedral site and a characteristic signal due to 4O-coordinated Al in the tetrahedral site. These 89Y and 27Al signals became broader in Tb-Y3Al5O12 with increasing in content of the doped Tb. In addition to the main peak at 239 ppm, furthermore, extra peaks appeared in the bottom of the main peak in 89Y-MAS NMR; these were assigned to the second nearest to the fifth nearest neighboring Y (Y2 to Y5) atoms to Tb atom substituted in the site of Y atom. Shifts of these Y atoms were reasonably explained by a pseudocontact shift via a paramagnetic Tb3+ ion. Incorporation of Tb3+ ions caused a large reduction in 89Y nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time from 4000s (pure Y3Al5O12) to several hundred seconds (3% Tb-Y3Al5O12) as well.
The line-broadening of the signals was mainly dominated by the dipole–dipole interaction mechanism between the Al or Y resonating nucleus and a Tb3+ ion. The signals of Y atoms in the sites where either one of the nearest neighboring Y1 atoms was replaced by Tb atom were not detected because of the large line-broadening.
The stronger brightness was obtained in the specimens which showed the much broader linewidth in 27Al-MAS signals and in 89Y-static NMR signals under the same Tb content. So we concluded that the homogeneous distribution of Tb3+ ions in Tb-Y3Al5O12 plays a key role for the higher brightness in the green phosphor as in the red phosphor.
Variation of Thermodynamic Parameters in the Adduct Formation of β-Diketonato Chelates with 1,10-Phenanthroline across the Lanthanoid Series
Authors: Yajima Setsuko , Hasegawa Yuko 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The enthalpy change in the adduct formation of tris[1-(2-thienyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-butanedionato]lanthanoids (LnA3) with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as well as the formation constant of the adduct has been determined in chloroform across the lanthanoid series at 298 K by calorimetric titration and solvent-extraction techniques. The enthalpy change in the first adduct formation changes remarkably from light lanthanoids (endothermic) to heavy ones (exothermic), while the entropy change decreases largely from the middle to the heavy lanthanoids along with a small change from light to the middle of the series. Such a trend has been explained on the basis of the difference in the dehydration from lanthanoid(III) chelates and in the strength of the new bonding of chelates formed between tris(β-diketonato) lanthanoid(III) and phen across the lanthanoid series.
Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium(II)-Phosphole and -Biphosphole Complexes. Regulation of the Homoleptic Coordination Environment of Square-Planar Palladium(II)
Authors: Kojima Takahiko , Saeki Kaoru , Ono Kazuhiro , Matsuda Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A series of novel square-planar palladium(II)-phosphole complexes was synthesized in good yields by a ligand-substitution reaction of [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 with 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylphosphole (dmpp) and/or 3,3′4,4′-tetramethyl-1,1′-diphenyl-2,2′-biphosphole (bidmpp) in CH2Cl2; [Pd(dmpp)4](BF4)2 (1), [Pd(bidmpp)(dmpp)2](BF4)2 (2), and [Pd(bidmpp)2](BF4)2 (3). Those complexes were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography for 3. The crystal structure of 3 revealed that the configurations of the phosphorus atoms were (R, R, S, S), indicating that the structure was a meso form with an intramolecular π–π interaction between the phenyl groups. 1H NMR spectroscopy suggested the structures of 1 and 2: Complex 1 has a water wheel-like C4h structure and complex 2 is C2 symmetric. In the 31P NMR spectra of those complexes, each resonance showed a smaller downfield shift than that observed for [Pd(dppe)2]Cl2 (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), indicating that the palladium-phosphole interaction is governed by mainly a σ-donation, and that there is a small contribution from a π-back bonding interaction.
Dehydrative Glycosylation by Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST)–Tin(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate–Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate–Triethylamine System
Authors: Hirooka Motoko , Koto Shinkiti 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Dehydrative glycosylation using 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-d-glucopyranose was carried out by the use of a condensing reagent system composed of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST), tin(II) triflate, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, and triethylamine. Using this system, two tetrasaccharides, O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucopyranose and O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucopyranose, were synthesized.
Synthesis of An Azobenzene Derivative Bearing Two Stable Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals as Substituents and Its Magnetic Properties
Authors: Hamachi Kiyoe , Matsuda Kenji , Itoh Tetsuji , Iwamura Hiizu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
3,4′-Bis(4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxido-1-oxyl-3-imidazolio-2-yl)azobenzene (1) was synthesized starting from 3,4′-dimethylazobenzene via the diformyl derivative. Biradical 1 crystallized as dark blue-green needles; its crystal structure was determined by the X-ray crystallography. X-band ESR spectra of biradical 1 in the degassed toluene solution were measured in the temperature range 10—300 K. At 300 K the ESR spectrum showed nine lines centered at g = 2.006 (aN = 3.7 G). At 10 K the ESR spectrum showed a fine structure with zero-field splitting (zfs) parameters |D/hc| = 0.0026 cm−1and |E/hc| = 0.00014 cm−1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the two radical centers coupled in a ferromagnetic way and the through-bond exchange interaction was determined to be 2J/kB = 8.36 ± 0.26 K with a Weiss constant θ = −0.39 ± 0.01 K. Photochromic reaction was monitored by ESR and UV-vis spectroscopy.
Photo-Induced Intermolecular Radical β-Addition to Chiral α-(Arylsulfinyl) Enones
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Toru Takeshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The reactions of α-(arylsulfinyl) enones with alkyl radicals having a hydroxy or acetal group were examined under photo-irradiation in the presence of benzophenone. High diastereoselectivity was observed in the photo-induced radical reaction of 2-(arylsulfinyl)-2-cyclopentenones having a bulky aryl group, such as the 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl or 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group. The photo-induced reaction of 3-[(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)sulfinyl]-3-pentene-2-one in 1,3-dioxolane also gave a single diastereomer of the 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl adduct.
Syntheses and Properties of Isocyanatodisiloxanes and Their Alkoxy-Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Gunji Takahiro , Setogawa Akira , Asakura Kazue , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Isocyanatooligosiloxanes and their alkoxy derivatives were synthesized. The hydrolysis of triisocyanato(methyl)silane followed by distillation provided 1,1,3,3-tetraisocyanato-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane in good yield. The reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetraisocyanato-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane with ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol proceeded selectively to afford partially alkoxy substituted isocyanatodimethyldisiloxanes, (RO)n(NCO)4−nMe2Si2O (R = Et, n = 1—4; R = Pri, n = 1—4; and R = But, n = 1—2). On the other hand, the hydrolysis of tetraisocyanatosilane provided a mixture of isocyanatooligosiloxanes. Hexaisocyanatodisiloxane was isolated by distillation from the reaction mixture with some impurities produced by the disproportionation of hexaisocyanatodisiloxane on heating. The reaction of hexaisocyanatodisiloxane with alcohols provided partially alkoxy-substituted isocyanatodisiloxanes, [(RO)n(NCO)3−nSi]2O (R = Et, n = 2—3; R = Pri, n = 1—3; and R = But, n = 1—2), selectively and in high yield.
A Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Study of Adsorption Behaviors of Artificial Glycoconjugate Polymers onto Chemically Modified Gold Surfaces and Their Interactions with Lectins
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori , Tsuchida Akiko , Okahata Yoshio , Akaike Toshihiro , Kobayashi Kazukiyo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Adsorption behaviors of two different types of lactose-carrying polystyrenes, poly(p-vinylbenzamido-β-lactose) (PNLA, 1) and poly(N-p-vinylbenzyllactonamide) (PVLA, 2), onto cast films of polystyrene and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1-octadecanethiol and cystamine were investigated by applying a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The amphiphilic artificial glycoconjugate polymers were strongly adsorbed on the hydrophobic surfaces, i.e. a polystyrene cast film and a SAM of 1-octadecanethiol, from their aqueous solution according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (the apparent association constant: Ka ≈ 107 M−1). On the other hand, they were adsorbed little on a hydrophilic SAM of cystamine. The saturated adsorption amounts of the polymers on the hydrophobic surfaces were 2—5 times larger than that calculated on the basis of an assumption of closed-packing monolayer adsorption, which suggests that the adsorbed polymers may take a loop-train-tail conformation. A SAM of 1-octadecanethiol adsorbed two times more of each polymer than a polystyrene cast film did. β-Galactoside-specific RCA120 and PNA lectins bound to the surfaces coated with the galactose-bearing polymers according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (Ka ≈ 106 M−1). The binding was stronger than that observed by the inhibition of hemagglutinating activity (about 104 M−1).
A New Three-Component Photoresist Based on Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivative, a Cross-linker, and a Photo-acid Generator
Authors: Nakayama Tomonari , Nomura Masayoshi , Haga Kohji , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Calix[4]resorcinarene (2,8,14,20-tetramethylcalix[4]arene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol, abbrev. to C4-RA) derivative (4) having p-hydroxybenzyl groups on its exterior was prepared by the condensation of C4-RA and p-(allyloxy)benzyl bromide, followed by the cleavage of allyl groups with palladium catalyst and ammonium formate. Compound 4 having high transparency to UV-light above 300 nm was considered for a new resist matrix. A three-component photoresist consisting of 4, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHMP), and diphenyliodonium 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate (DIAS) showed a sensitivity of 19 mJ cm−2 (D1/2) and a contrast of 3.0 (γ1/2) when it was exposed to 365 nm light and post-exposure baked (PEB) at 110 °C for 5 min, followed by developing with a 0.2 wt% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution. A fine negative image featuring 1 μm of minimum line and space patterns was observed on film of the photoresist exposed to 40 mJ cm−2 of UV-light at 365 nm with a scanning electron microscope.
A Novel Receptor-based Surface-plasmon-resonance Affinity Biosensor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Kumbhat Sunita , Shankaran Dhesingh Ravi , Kim Sook Jin , Gobi K Vengatajalabathy , Joshi Vinod , Miura Norio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We have established a new surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) based affinity biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) employing a D3 dopamine receptor (D-RC) and a home-made DA-bovine serum albumin (DA-BSA) conjugate. The proposed biosensor is simple, reproducible and exhibit excellent sensitivity for DA (detection limit = 85 pg/mL (ppt)) without any significant interference from ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and other DA analogues.
Structure and Electrochemical Capacitance of Nitrogen-enriched Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Kodama Masaya , Yamashita Junya , Soneda Yasushi , Hatori Hiroaki , Kamegawa Katsumi , Moriguchi Isamu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbon which has been successfully prepared from quinoline-polymerized pitch using mesoporous silica as a template denoted ordered hexagonal assembly of fibrous carbon having ca. 6–7 nm in diameter and higher capacitance amounting to 200–300 F·g−1 in H2SO4 electrolyte than ordinary mesoporous carbons prepared using divinylbenzene as a carbon precursor (&lt;180 F·g−1).
Interactions of Flexible Diamine-bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)–2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes with Mononucleotides and DNA
Authors: Nakabayashi Yasuo , Iwamoto Nobuaki , Inada Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Osamu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A series of new flexible diamine-bridged dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes [{RuCl(bpy)2}2(μ-BL)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; BL = H2N(CH2)nNH2 (n = 4 ([1]2+), 8 ([2]2+), 12 ([3]2+))) were prepared. Time-course spectroscopic experiments revealed that these dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes selectively bind to guanine residues in calf thymus (CT) DNA and the degree of binding of [2]2+ or [3]2+ to CT-DNA relative to [1]2+ is high.
A New Hexanuclear Manganese Complex Exhibits Superparamagnetic Behavior
Authors: Yang Chen-I , Chung George , Kuo Ting-Shen , Shieh Minghuey , Tsai Hui-Lien 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A new mixed-valence hexanuclear manganese(II,III) complex, [Mn6O2(O2CPh)8(L)3] (HL = 1-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropane-1,3-dione), has been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. The complex contains a new [MnII3MnIII3O2]11+ structural topology. The frequency dependence of out-of-phase component in alternating current magnetic susceptibilities for the complex indicates superparamagnetic behavior.
Persistent Spectral Hole Burning in Eu3+-doped Calcium Oxide- and Calcium Fluoride-based Aluminoborate Glasses
Authors: Liang Hailian , Hanzawa Hiromasa , Horikawa Takashi , Machida Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Eu3+-doped oxyfluoride glasses with composition of 30CaF2–10Al2O3–60B2O3 (mol %) and oxide glasses of 30CaO–10Al2O3–60B2O3 (mol %) were prepared in a reducing atmosphere. The persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) was characterized over a temperature range from 10 to 300 K, and the hole-burning efficiency between Eu3+-doped glass matrix of 30CaF2–10Al2O3–60B2O3 and 30CaO–10Al2O3–60B2O3 was compared.
Preparation and Characterization of Amine-modified Gradient Polyethylene Surfaces
Authors: Kim Moon Suk , Cho Young Ho , Lee Soo Young , Khang Gilson , Lee Tae Geol , Moon Dae Won , Lee Hai Bang 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A gradient polyethylene (PE) surface was created through corona treatment, in which the corona power increased along the 5-cm length of the PE. The gradient PE surface was treated by amines with varying molecular weights. TOF–SIMS results exhibited the gradient surface images and intensities before and after amine modification on the corona-treated PE surface.
Peri-selectivity in Thermolysis of Acyloxybenzocyclobutenes Possessing α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Group: Synthesis of 2-Benzoxocin Derivatives
Authors: Hamura Toshiyuki , Kawano Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Takashi , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
1-Acyloxybenzocyclobutenes, having an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group at C1 position, undergo the periselective thermal ring expansion to give 2-benzoxocin derivatives in high yields.
Biomass-assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ceria Nanoparticle —A New Application of Lignin as a Bio-nanopool—
Authors: Umetsu Mitsuo , Man Xin , Okuda Kazuhide , Tahereh Mousavand , Ohara Satoshi , Zhang Jing , Takami Seiichi , Adschiri Tadafumi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We introduced a nanometer-sized reaction pool in the hydrothermal synthesis of ceria (CeO2). The addition of a heat-stable biopolymer, lignosulfate, in the hydrothermal synthesis resulted in the drastic downsizing of CeO2 particle to 5 nm. We, further, show that the lignosulfate functions as an accelerator for the CeO2 nanoparticle synthesis.
Deactivation of Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst for Preferential CO Oxidation in the Presence of Low-concentration NH3 by Nitrosyl Species
Authors: Wakita Hidenobu , Ukai Kunihiro , Takeguchi Tatsuya , Ueda Wataru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The behavior of a Ru/Al2O3 catalyst for the preferential CO oxidation in the presence of low-concentration NH3 (21–75 ppm) was investigated. In contrast to the results in the absence of NH3, the catalyst was rapidly deactivated at higher [O2]/[CO] ratios in the presence of NH3. NH3 was oxidized to nitrosyl species, which was strongly adsorbed on Ru and suppressed the activation of both oxygen and CO. At low [O2]/[CO] ratios, the catalyst exhibited a stable activity even in the presence of NH3, and the deactivated catalyst was rapidly regenerated.
Sidewall Modification of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Sulfur-containing Functionalities and Gold Nanoparticle Attachment
Authors: Nakamura Takako , Ohana Tsuguyori , Ishihara Masatou , Tanaka Akihiro , Koga Yoshinori 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of cyclic disulfides with single-walled carbon nanotubes led to a sidewall modification of the surfaces to introduce sulfur-containing functional groups, as confirmed by means of Raman, XPS, FT-IR, mass, and UV–vis–NIR measurements. A subsequent treatment of sulfur-containing substituents modified SWNTs with gold nanoparticles gave an attachment of gold on the surface of SWNTs through thioalkylthiol linkage.
2-Picolinoylpyrrole: A New Entry to Metal-complexing Agent
Authors: Ono Yuki , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of 2-picolinoylpyrrole were synthesized and the 2:1 square-planar coordination, wherein each pyrrole and pyridine moieties are in trans positions, respectively, were characterized by means of X-ray single-crystal analyses.
Dinuclear Addition of the Pd–Pd Moieties to 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Murahashi Tetsuro , Nagai Tomoki , Nakashima Hiromitsu , Tomiyasu Sadayuki , Kurosawa Hideo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The reaction of a substitutionally labile dipalladium(I) complex [Pd2(CH3CN)6][BF4]2 with isoprene or 1,3-butadiene in acetonitrile afforded [Pd2(μ-η3:η1-C5H8)(CH3CN)5][BF4]2 or [Pd2(μ-η3:η1-C4H6)(CH3CN)5][BF4]2. The structure of the isoprene complex was determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses. The interconversion between the [Pd2(μ-η3:η1-C5H8)(CH3CN)5][BF4]2 and [Pd2(μ-η2:η2-C5H8)(μ-Cl)Cl2][PPh4] occurred facilely.
Mesoscopic Photonic Crystals Made of TiO2 Hollow Spheres Connected by Cylindrical Tubes
Authors: Zhu Yong-zheng , Chen Hong-bo , Wang Yan-ping , Li Zhi-hui , Cao Yan-ling , Chi Yuan-bin 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The face-centered cubic (fcc) photonic crystals of titanium dioxide (TiO2) hollow spheres connected by TiO2 cylindrical tubes have been fabricated using silica template. The preparation process is based on the vertical deposition method, thermal sintering and selective etching techniques. In the crystal, the lowest energy pseudogaps at points U and K of the Brillouin zone have been opened.
Double Ortho-lithiation of (Diethylamino)diphenylphosphine Oxide and tert-Butyldiphenylphosphine Oxide
Authors: Tsuji Hayato , Komatsu Shigeo , Kanda Yasuhisa , Umehara Teruhiko , Saeki Tomoyuki , Tamao Kohei 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We have developed the double ortho-lithiation of a (diethylamino)diphenylphosphine oxide and tert-butyldiphenylphosphine oxide. The resulting doubly lithiated species can be converted to various ortho-difunctionalized products as well as phosphorus heterocycles, such as dibenzophospholes and 9-phospha-10-metalla-9,10-dihydroanthracene derivatives. The structure and photophysical properties of the prepared 9-phospha-10-sila-9,10-dihydroanthracene derivative were also studied.
A School Curriculum–Based Exercise Program Increases Bone Mineral Accrual and Bone Size in Prepubertal Girls: Two-Year Data From the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) Study
Authors: Linden Christian , Ahlborg Henrik G , Besjakov Jack , Gardsell Per , Karlsson Magnus K 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
This 2-year prospective controlled exercise intervention trial in 99 girls at Tanner stage 1, evaluating a school curriculum–based training program on a population-based level, showed that the annual gain in BMC, aBMD, and bone size was greater in the intervention group than in the controls.
Introduction: Most exercise intervention studies in children, evaluating the accrual of BMD, include volunteers and use specifically designed osteogenic exercise programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 2-year general school-based exercise intervention program in a population-based cohort of girls at Tanner stage 1.
Materials and Methods: Forty-nine girls 7–9 years of age in grades 1 and 2 in one school were included in a school curriculum–based exercise intervention program of general physical activity for 40 minutes per school day (200 minutes/week). Fifty healthy age-matched girls in three neighboring schools, assigned to the general Swedish school curriculum of physical activity (60 minutes/week), served as controls. All girls were premenarchal, remaining in Tanner stage 1 during the study. BMC (g) and areal BMD (aBMD; g/cm2) were measured with DXA of the total body (TB), the lumbar spine (L2–L4 vertebrae), the third lumbar vertebra (L3), the femoral neck (FN), and the leg. Volumetric BMD (vBMD; g/cm3) and bone size were calculated at L3 and FN. Total lean body mass and total fat mass were estimated from the total body scan. Height and weight were also registered. Baseline measurements were performed before the intervention was initiated. Follow-up was done after 2 years.
Results: No differences between the groups were found at baseline in age, anthropometrics, or bone parameters. The annual gain in BMC was greater in the intervention group than in the controls: L2–L4, mean 3.8 percentage points (p = 0.007); L3 vertebra, mean 7.2 percentage points (p &lt; 0.001); legs, mean 3.0 percentage points (p = 0.07). The intervention group had a greater annual gain in aBMD: total body, mean 0.6 percentage points (p = 0.006), L2–L4, mean 1.2 percentage points (p = 0.02), L3 vertebra, mean 1.6 percentage points (p = 0.006); legs, mean 1.2 percentage points (p = 0.007). There was also a greater mean annual gain in bone size in the L3 vertebra (mean 1.8 percentage points; p &lt; 0.001) and in the FN (mean 0.3 percentage points; p = 0.02).
Conclusions: A general school-based exercise program for 2 years for 7- to 9-year-old girls (baseline) enhances the accrual of BMC and BMD and increases bone size.