bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant solitary fibrous tumour of the liver
Authors: Terkivatan Türkan , Kliffen Mike , de Wilt Johannes HW , van Geel Albertus N , Eggermont Alexander MM , Verhoef Cornelis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that most frequently affects the pleura, although it has been reported with increasing frequency in various other sites such as in the peritoneum, pericardium and in non-serosal sites such as lung parenchyma, upper respiratory tract, orbit, thyroid, parotid gland, or thymus. Liver parenchyma is rarely affected. Clinically, SFTs cause symptoms after having reached a certain size or when vital structures are involved. In recent years, SFTs are more often identified and distinguished from other tumours with a similar appearance due to the availability of characteristic immunohistochemical markers.Case presentationIn this manuscript we report the case of a large tumour of the liver, which was histologically diagnosed as a SFT, and showed involvement of a single hepatic segment. Because of the patient's presentation and clinical course, it may represent a radiation-induced lesion.ConclusionWhen a SFT has been diagnosed, surgery is the treatment of choice. The small number of patients with a SFT of the liver and its unknown natural behaviour creates the need to a careful registration and follow-up of all identified cases
The role of crude human saliva and purified salivary MUC5B and MUC7 mucins in the inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 in an inhibition assay
Authors: Habte Habtom H , Mall Anwar S , de Beer Corena , Lotz Zoë E , Kahn Delawir 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Despite the continuous shedding of HIV infected blood into the oral cavity and the detectable presence of the AIDS virus at a high frequency, human saliva is reported to inhibit oral transmission of HIV through kissing, dental treatment, biting, and aerosolization. The purpose of this study was to purify salivary MUC5B and MUC7 mucins from crude saliva and determine their anti-HIV-1 activities.

Methods
Following Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography and caesium chloride isopycnic density-gradient ultra-centrifugation, the purity and identity of the mucins was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis respectively. Subsequently an HIV-1 inhibition assay was carried out to determine the anti-HIV-1 activity of the crude saliva and purified salivary mucins by incubating them with subtype D HIV-1 prior to infection of the CD4+ CEM SS cells.

Results
Western blotting analysis confirmed that the mucin in the void volume is MUC5B and the mucin in the included volume is MUC7. The HIV inhibition assay revealed that both the crude saliva and salivary MUC5B and MUC7 mucins inhibited HIV-1 activity by 100%.

Conclusion
Although the mechanism of action is not clear the carbohydrate moieties of the salivary mucins may trap or aggregate the virus and prevent host cell entry.
CNS progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes are targets of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Dietrich Joerg , Han Ruolan , Yang Yin , Mayer-Pröschel Margot , Noble Mark 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy in cancer patients can be associated with serious short- and long-term adverse neurological effects, such as leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment, even when therapy is delivered systemically. The underlying cellular basis for these adverse effects is poorly understood.

Results
We found that three mainstream chemotherapeutic agents – carmustine (BCNU), cisplatin, and cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine), representing two DNA cross-linking agents and an antimetabolite, respectively – applied at clinically relevant exposure levels to cultured cells are more toxic for the progenitor cells of the CNS and for nondividing oligodendrocytes than they are for multiple cancer cell lines. Enhancement of cell death and suppression of cell division were seen in vitro and in vivo. When administered systemically in mice, these chemotherapeutic agents were associated with increased cell death and decreased cell division in the subventricular zone, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the corpus callosum of the CNS. In some cases, cell division was reduced, and cell death increased, for weeks after drug administration ended.

Conclusion
Identifying neural populations at risk during any cancer treatment is of great importance in developing means of reducing neurotoxicity and preserving quality of life in long-term survivors. Thus, as well as providing possible explanations for the adverse neurological effects of systemic chemotherapy, the strong correlations between our in vitro and in vivo analyses indicate that the same approaches we used to identify the reported toxicities can also provide rapid in vitro screens for analyzing new therapies and discovering means of achieving selective protection or targeted killing.
The TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Markers Are Expressed on Podocalyxin in Embryonal Carcinoma
Authors: Schopperle William M. , DeWolf William C. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
We have previously identified the cell adhesion protein podocalyxin expressed in a human pluripotent stem cell, embryonal carcinoma (EC), which is a malignant germ cell. Podocalyxin is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein with amino acid sequence homology to the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34. Since the initial discovery of podocalyxin in a cancerous stem cell, numerous new studies have identified podocalyxin in many different human cancers and in embryonic stem cells lines (ES) derived from human embryos. Embryonal carcinoma, as do all human pluripotent stem cells, expresses TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 antigens, and although their molecular identities are unknown, they are commonly used as markers of undifferentiated pluripotent human stem cells. We report here that purified podocalyxin from embryonal carcinoma has binding activity with the TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 antibodies. Embryonal carcinoma cells treated with retinoic acid undergo differentiation and lose the TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 markers from their plasma membrane surface. We show that podocalyxin is modified in the retinoic acid-treated cells and has an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa on protein blots as compared with the apparent 200-kDa molecular weight form of podocalyxin expressed in untreated cells. Furthermore, the modified form of podocalyxin no longer reacts with the TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 antibodies. Thus, embryonal carcinoma expresses two distinct forms of podocalyxin, and the larger version is a molecular carrier of the human stem cell-defining antigens TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81.
Structure and Implied Functions of Truncated B-Cell Receptor mRNAs in Early Embryo and Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Cδ Replaces Cμ in μ Heavy Chain-Deficient Mice
Authors: Lapter Smadar , Livnat Idit , Faerman Alexander , Zipori Dov 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStem cells exhibit a promiscuous gene expression pattern. We show herein that the early embryo and adult MSCs express B-cell receptor component mRNAs. To examine possible bearings of these genes on the expressing cells, we studied immunoglobulin μ chain-deficient mice. Pregnant μ chain-deficient females were found to produce a higher percentage of defective morulae compared with control females. Structure analysis indicated that the μ mRNA species found in embryos and in mesenchyme consist of the constant region of the μ heavy chain that encodes a recombinant 50-kDa protein. In situ hybridization localized the constant μ gene expression to loose mesenchymal tissues within the day-12.5 embryo proper and the yolk sac. In early embryo and in adult mesenchyme from μ-deficient mice, δ replaced μ chain, implying a possible requirement of these alternative molecules for embryo development and mesenchymal functions. Indeed, overexpression of the mesenchymal-truncated μ heavy chain in 293T cells resulted in specific subcellular localization and in G1 growth arrest. The lack of such occurrence following overexpression of a complete, rearranged form of μ chain suggests that the mesenchymal version of this mRNA may possess unique functions.
VI.—The Translation of Anglo-Saxon Poetry
Authors: Garnett James M. 
Published: November 2006

It is more than sixty years since Professor Conybeare in his ‘Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry (1826)’ gave us metrical versions of certain specimens of Anglo-Saxon poetry, and such versions have been from time to time increased, until now a very considerable portion of this poetry has been clothed in a modern English dress, either in prose or in verse. The form that the translation should take has varied with the taste of the translator. Thorpe, in his editions of the’ Codex Exoniensis’ (1842) and of ‘Béowulf’ (1855), contented himself with an English prose version by half-lines in parallel columns with the text. Kemble, however, had previously published his prose translation of ‘Béowulf’ (1837) in a separate volume from the text. Wackerbarth published in 1849 the first complete English verse translation of ‘Béowulf,’ using verses of three and four accents, riming irregularly, sometimes stanza-fashion, as in the opening lines:Lo! We have learned in lofty LaysThe Gár-Danes Deeds in antient DaysAnd Ages past away,The Glories of the Theod-Kings,And how the valiant AethelingsBare them in Battle's Day.
XV.—Marco Polo and the Squire's Tale
Authors: Manly John Matthews 
Published: November 2006

When the third volume of Professor Skeat's new edition of Chaucer appeared, it was a disappointment to find that he had not revised the opinion of Chaucer's indebtedness to Marco Polo expressed by him several years ago. It is true that his view had been generally accepted, but the cautious manner in which a few prominent scholars had expressed themselves might have suggested a re-examination of the question. The following are fairly representative of the various attitudes of scholars:—Brandl says: “Ueber das gebiet des märchenhaften hinaus und auf einigermassen realen boden kommen wir bereits, wenn wir nach der herkunft der tartarischen namen und sitten fragen. Herzberg, Canterbury-geschichten s. 631 ff., suchte sie in der reisebeschreibung von Maundeville. Vollständiger decken sich die angaben Chaucer's mit der von Marco Polo…. Aus Marco Polo stammen mit geringen Veränderungen die namen Cambyuskan, … Camballus oder Camballo … und Sarai; die personalschilderung des Khan, seines geburtstagsfestes und hofstaates; die bemerkung, dass die Tartaren manches essen, ‘that in this lond men recch of it but smal;’ das erscheinen eines gesandten von einem anderen könig mit geschenken; endlich der baumgarten mit allerlei falken in der nähe des palastes.” Engl. Stud., XII, 163.
V.—The Comparative Study of Literature
Authors: Marsh A. R. 
Published: November 2006

No observant person can, I think, have failed to note of late years a certain increasing hesitation and perplexity in regard to the true function of literature in studies. Indeed, there are reasons not a few for thinking that we are preparing for one of those revisions and restatements of the general conception of what we should try to get from literature, of which we have several examples in the past. I do not mean merely that our literary taste is changing, or that we are passing from one set of literary admirations to another. Such lesser variation is incessantly going on. Classicism yields to romanticism, romanticism to realism, and this to something else, in an unbroken round of change. But these minor modifications of feeling and opinion about literature may easily take place without any material disturbance of the general estimate of the nature of literatnre or of the attitude of men's minds towards it. My neighbor may think that bad in books which I think good, and yet we may both seek in our reading to satisfy essentially the same needs, intellectual or aesthetic.The change, however, to which I have reference, is of a far profounder kind. It affects the very substance of men's thought about books, substitutes for one form of promise and enticement to the reading of them another and quite different appeal, and necessarily carries with it new aims and methods in the study of them. I shall, perhaps, make my meaning clearer on this point by some brief illustration.
A View of the Views About Hamlet
Authors: Tolman Albert H. 
Published: November 2006

“Verily, given a printing-press upon German soil,” says Dr. Furness, “and lo! an essay on Hamlet.” England and the United States, as might be expected, vie with Germany in contributing to the literature of this play. All the sister-nations of Europe, too, have their own essays on Hamlet. Numberless are those who confidently take up the task enjoined on Horatio by the dying Prince:—“Report me and my cause aright.”It behooves one therefore who would put forth another paper upon Hamlet to show cause at the outset why he should not be looked upon as a public enemy.
A Sonnet Ascribed to Chiaro Davanzati and its Place in Fable Literature
Authors: McKenzie Kenneth 
Published: November 2006

Of the poems ascribed to Chiaro Davanzati, a Florentine of the thirteenth century, one of the most interesting is the following sonnet:Di penne di paone e d' altre assaiVestita la corniglia a corte andau;Ma già no lasciava per ciò lo craiE a riguardo sempre cornigliau.5 Gli augelli, che la sguardar, molto splaiDele lor penne ch' essa li furau;Lo furto le ritorna scheme e guai,Che ciascun di sua penna la spogliau.9 Per te lo dico, novo canzonero,Che t' avesti le penne del NotaroE vai furando lo detto stranero;12 Si co' gli augei la corniglia spogliaro,Spoglieriati per falso menzoneroSe fosse vivo Jacopo Notaro.
The Earliest Poems of Wilhelm Müller
Authors: Hatfield James Taft 
Published: November 2006

In the summer of 1814 a group of young men who had known each other in the campaigns of the War of Liberation formed a literary circle in Berlin. They were Count von Kalckreuth, Count von Blankensee, and Wilhelm Hensel (later the celebrated painter who married Fanny Mendelssohn). They soon drew into their group two kindred spirits, Wilhelm von Studnitz and Wilhelm Müller. Müller was the youngest, but was recognized as having the choicest talents, and he became the leader of the group, which was held together by the strong bonds of personal friendship and a common love of poetry. In 1815 they published a volume of their united poems under the title “Bundesblüthen,” which contains the first fruits of Müller's gifts. A somewhat extended search through university libraries in Germany failed to disclose the book, and on going to Berlin I was disappointed that it was not entered among Müller's works in the catalogue of the Royal Library. One day while reading the book-titles under the numerous “Wilhelm Müllers” who occur in that catalogue, I found a cross-reference to the book among the works of quite a different individual. The volume is dated “Berlin 1816. In der Maurerschen Buchhandlung.” I later found another copy (preserving the original cover of blue paper) in the British Museum. Müller's contributions include 20 titles, as follows:1. An die Leser, 173.2. Morgenlied am Tage der ersten Schlacht, 174.3. Erinnerung und Hoffnung, 176.4. Leichenstein meines Freundes Ludwig Bornemann, 179.5. Dithyramb. Geschrieben in der Neujahrsnacht 1813, 183.6. Die zerbrochene Zither. Romanze, 190.7. Der Verbannte. Romanze, 193.8. Der Ritter und die Dirne. Romanze, 195.9. Die Blutbecher. Romanze, 199.10. Das Band. Romanze, 203.11. Ständchen, 205.12. Der Kuss, 207.13. Der Zephyr, 207.14. Die erste Rose, 208.15. Die letzte Rose, 208.16. Mailiedehen, 209.17. AmorsTriumph, 210.18. Weckt sie nicht, 211.19. Ihr Schlummer, 212.20. Epigramme:
1. Weihe, 213.2. Amor und die Muse, 213.3. Lenz und Amor, 213.4. Mars und Amor, 214.5. Apollo als Schäfer, 215.6. Gruss des Winters, 215.7. Auf einen Sternseher, 217.8. Auf den Dichter Krispin, 217.9.-18. Auf denselben, 217-220.
Analysis of vibratinal spectra of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its 5,7-dichloro, 5,7-dibromo, 5,7-diiodo and 5,7-dinitro derivatives based on density functional theory calculations
Authors: Bahgat Khaled , Ragheb Abdel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its 5,7-dichloro, 5,7-dibromo, 5,7-diiodo and 5,7-dinitro derivatives were obtained by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations with Becke3-Lee-Parr (B3LYP) functional and 6-31G* basis set. The effects of chloride, bromide, iodide and nitro substituent on the vibrational frequencies of 8-hydroxyquinoline have been investigated. The assignments have been proposed with aid of the results of normal coordinate analysis. The observed and calculated spectra are found to be in good agreement.
A proteomic analysis of the effect of mapk pathway activation on l-glutamate-induced neuronal cell death
Authors: Kang Sunghyun , Kim Eun , Bahn Young , Chung Jin , Lee Do , Park Sung , Yoon Tae-Sung , Park Byoung , Bae Kwang-Hee 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuronal degenerative diseases. It is also widely known that oxidative stress induces mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. In this study, we used proteomic analysis to investigate the role of the MAPK pathway in oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death. The results demonstrated that several proteins, including eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and enolase I, showed a differential expression pattern during the neuronal cell death process, and this was MAPK pathway dependent. Several chaperone and cytoskeletal proteins including heat shock protein 70, calreticulin, vimentin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase β polypeptide, and transgelin 2 were up-or down-regulated, despite their expressions not depending on the MAPK pathway. These findings strongly suggest that the expressions of proteins which play protective roles are independent of the MAPK pathway. On the other hand, eEF2 and enolase I may be the downstream targets of the MAPK pathway.
Differences in the degree of inhibition of NDP reductase by chemical inactivation and by the thermosensitive mutation nrdA101 in Escherichia coli suggest an effect on chromosome segregation
Authors: Riola José , Guarino Estrella , Guzmán Elena , Jiménez-Sánchez Alfonso 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNDP reductase activity can be inhibited either by treatment with hydroxyurea or by incubation of an nrdA ts mutant strain at the non-permissive temperature. Both methods inhibit replication, but experiments on these two types of inhibition yielded very different results. The chemical treatment immediately inhibited DNA synthesis but did not affect the cell and nucleoid appearance, while the incubation of an nrdA101 mutant strain at the non-permissive temperature inhibited DNA synthesis after more than 50 min, and resulted in aberrant chromosome segregation, long filaments, and a high frequency of anucleate cells. These phenotypes are not induced by SOS. In view of these results, we suggest there is an indirect relationship between NDP reductase and the chromosome segregation machinery through the maintenance of the proposed replication hyperstructure.
New Ruthenium Complexes Containing Oligoalkylthiophene‐Substituted 1,10‐Phenanthroline for Nanocrystalline Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen C.‐Y. , Lu H.‐C. , Wu C.‐G. , Chen J.‐G. , Ho K.‐C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo new ruthenium complexes [Ru(dcbpy)(L)(NCS)2], where dcbpy is 4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid‐2,2′‐bipyridine and L is 3,8‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (CYC‐P1) or 3,8‐bis(4‐octyl‐5‐(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (CYC‐P2), are synthesized, characterized by physicochemical and semiempirical computational methods, and used as photosensitizers in nanocrystalline dye‐sensitized solar cells. It was found that the difference in light‐harvesting ability between CYC‐P1 and CYC‐P2 is associated mainly with the location of the frontier orbitals, in particular the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Increasing the conjugation length of the ancillary ligand decreases the energy of the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition, but at the same time reduces the molar absorption coefficient, owing to the HOMO located partially on the ancillary ligand of the ruthenium complex. The incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency curves of the devices are consistent with the MLCT band of the complexes. Therefore, the overall efficiencies of CYC‐P1 and CYC‐P2 sensitized cells are 6.01 and 3.42 %, respectively, compared to a cis‐di(thiocyanato)‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate ruthenium(II)‐sensitized device, which is 7.70 % using the same device‐fabrication process and measuring parameters.
Comparing holistic and disaggregated ratings in the evaluation of scientific presentations
Authors: Arkes Hal R. , Shaffer Victoria A. , Dawes Robyn M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health refused to switch to disaggregated ratings as a method for evaluating proposals, because no contest between disaggregated and holistic ratings had ever used scientific materials as the to‐be‐rated stimuli. We designed two studies to fill this research void. Participants rated scientific convention presentations either using a holistic procedure in which one overall rating was given or a disaggregated procedure in which one rating was given to each of five criteria. In four of the six convention sessions the disaggregated ratings led to higher inter‐rater reliability than did the holistic ratings; three of these differences were statistically significant. The inter‐rater reliabilities between the two types of ratings collapsed across all sessions differed significantly. In a second experiment, participants rated posters using either disaggregated or holistic ratings. The disaggregated ratings again led to higher inter‐rater reliability, but not significantly so. In 35 of the 43 sessions in which disaggregated and holistic ratings were compared, the variance of the disaggregated ratings was smaller. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtractive hybridization magnetic bead capture: A new technique for the recovery of full‐length ORFs from the metagenome
Authors: Meyer Quinton C. , Burton Stephanie G. , Cowan Don A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new method for the recovery of full‐length open reading frames from metagenomic nucleic acid samples is reported. This technique, based on subtractive hybridization magnetic bead capture technology, has the potential to access multiple gene variants from a single amplification reaction.It is now widely accepted that classical microbiological methods provide only limited access to the true microbial biodiversity (less than 1%). The desire to access a higher proportion of the metagenome has led to the development of efficient environmental nucleic acid extraction technologies and to a range of sequence‐dependent and sequence‐independent gene discovery techniques. These methods avoid many of the limitations of culture‐dependent gene targeting.