bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant C677T MTHFR polymorphism and severe mental retardation
Authors: Shaw Gary M. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura , Nelson Verne , Zhu Huiping , Harris John A. , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND: We investigated whether infants with homozygous genotype TT of the MTHFR gene were at increased risk of severe mental retardation. METHODS: One hundred children with severe mental retardation (cases) were investigated from a large geographic‐based study of infants born in California in 1992–1993. Cases were compared to 743 randomly selected nonmalformed control infants born in California during 1987–1991. DNA was extracted from newborn screening filter papers. Cases and controls were genotyped TT if homozygous for the MTHFR C677T allele, CT if heterozygous for the C677T allele, and CC if homozygous for the C677 (wild type) allele. RESULTS: Overall, case and control infants had similar percentages of TT and CT genotypes. Percentages between cases and controls differed somewhat across race/ethnic groups. Elevated ORs of 1.9 (95% CI: 0.7–5.0) and 2.6 (95% CI: 1.1–5.8) were observed for the TT and CT genotypes, respectively, among Hispanic children. Observed results were not substantially altered for analyses that removed 41 case children who also had structural birth defects. CONCLUSIONS: Folate‐related mechanisms are important to investigate for etiologies of birth defects, and such lines of inquiry may be revealing for mental retardation given the relationships between mental retardation and birth defects and potential relationships between folate, DNA methylation, and mental retardation. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic expression profile of chicken CHD7, the ortholog of the causative gene for CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Aramaki Michihiko , Kimura Tokuhiro , Udaka Toru , Kosaki Rika , Mitsuhashi Takayuki , Okada Yasunori , Takahashi Takao , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND: CHARGE syndrome represents a constellation of malformations: C, coloboma of the iris or retina; H, heart defects; A, atresia of the choanae; R, retardation of growth and/or development; G, genital anomalies; and E, ear abnormalities. Recently, the Chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein‐7 (CHD7) at chromosome 8q12.1 was identified as a causative gene for CHARGE syndrome. Because CHD7 was identified as a causative gene using a positional cloning approach, the role of CHD7 in early embryogenesis needs to be further investigated. METHODS: Fertilized chick eggs were incubated to Hamburger and Hamilton stages 4–20 and were studied using whole mount in situ hybridization. Chicken EST clones corresponding to the chicken CHD7 (cChd7) sequence were identified using the chicken EST sequence database. From the EST clones, a digoxigenin‐labeled RNA probe was synthesized and hybridized in situ to the embryonic specimens. RESULTS: The expression of cChd7 was pan‐neuronal at stages 8–20. It was expressed throughout the rostral neural ectoderm and along the rostrocaudal axis but was absent from the more lateral, non‐neuronal ectoderm. Adjacent to the neural tube, cChd7 transcripts were detected at the optic and otic placodes. At stage 20, cChd7 expression was observed in the branchial arches and olfactory placodes in addition to brain and optic and otic placodes. CONCLUSIONS:cChd7 was expressed in the neural epithelium, the otic placodes, the optic placodes, the branchial arches, and the olfactory placodes, which are the primordial tissues that give rise to organs affected in human CHARGE syndrome patients. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High incidence of vascular reconstructions in socioeconomically deprived areas of an urban Swedish population
Authors: Ögren M , Lindblad B , Engström G , Hedblad B , Janzon L 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
In Malmö approximately 250 000 citizens live in 17 administrative areas with substantial socioeconomic differences. At the single centre for arterial reconstruction, Malmö University Hospital, all procedures are registered prospectively.

Methods
Between 1987 and 2002, 1832 Malmö citizens underwent reconstruction for peripheral arterial disease, either intermittent claudication (IC) or critical leg ischaemia (CLI). A socioeconomic score based on migration rate, percentage of residents with foreign citizenship/residents with foreign background, social welfare support dependency and unemployment rate has previously been developed and validated for each area. The relationship between socioeconomic score and area-specific standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) after vascular reconstruction was analysed by population-weighted linear regression.

Results
The mean incidence of vascular reconstruction was 76 (range 27–106) per 100 000 person years. Age- and sex-adjusted SMRs ranged from 0·57 to 1·39. A strong correlation between SMR and socioeconomic score was found overall (R = 0·63; P = 0·007), in men (R = 0·63; P = 0·007) and in women (R = 0·58; P = 0·039), and for IC (R = 0·58; P = 0·015) and CLI (R = 0·58; P = 0·015).

Conclusion
In an urban population with similar access to medical care, vascular reconstruction rates varied substantially. High-rate areas were characterized by inferior socioeconomic circumstances and a higher prevalence of smoking, hypertension and obesity.
Innervation of vastus lateralis muscle
Authors: Patil S. , Grigoris P. , Shaw‐Dunn J. , Reece A.T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe lateral surgical approach to the proximal femur potentially damages the nerve supply to the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. This study describes the detailed anatomy of the nerve supply to the VL muscle based on dissection of ten cadaveric lower limbs. In all specimens, a single nerve trunk arose from the femoral nerve, which is most subsequently divided into two main divisions. These divisions gave two branches each. These branches coursed from anteriorly and proximally to posteriorly and distally within the muscle. When the muscle was reflected anteriorly from its attachment to the linea aspera, there was no damage to its innervation. Splitting of the VL in the midlateral line of the femur, however, resulted in denervation of the posterior half of the muscle. Precise knowledge of the nerve supply to the VL will help avoid iatrogenic denervation of the muscle in surgical procedures at the proximal femur through the lateral approach. Clin. Anat. 20:556–559, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranial arachnoid membranes: Some aspects of microsurgical anatomy
Authors: Lü Jian , Zhu Xian‐Li 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlthough the arachnoid membranes have been known for more than 300 years, the anatomy of the arachnoid membranes has not been studied in detail. This study was performed to explore the microanatomical features of the cranial arachnoid membranes. The arachnoid membranes and cisterns were observed in eight Han Chinese adult human cadaveric brains with an operating microscope, without staining of intracranial structures or injection of colored material into blood vessels. Twenty seven arachnoid membranes and 21 subarachnoid cisterns were identified. The topographical features of each arachnoid membrane were described. On the basis of the arachnoid membranes we identified, the arachnoidal limits of the cisterns were discussed. The microsurgical anatomical research on the arachnoid membranes is a supplement to the anatomical study of the subarachnoid cisterns. The understanding of the topographical features of the arachnoid membranes is valuable to the reasonable dissection of the cisterns and the minimally invasive manipulations during microsurgical procedures. Clin. Anat. 20:502–511, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perception of medical students towards the clinical relevance of anatomy
Authors: Moxham B.J. , Plaisant O. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRecent developments worldwide in medical curricula have often led to major cuts in the teaching of human anatomy. Indeed, it is perceived by some that gross (topographical) anatomy has an exaggerated importance in the initial training of doctors. The value of anatomy consequently has frequently been considerably diminished within medical curricula that have reduced factual content. To date, however, there have been no objective studies into the perceived relevance of anatomy to clinical medicine that have aimed to quantify the attitudes of medical students. On the basis of responses to an attitude analysis questionnaire devised according to the precepts of Thurstone and Chave (The Measurement of Attitude: A Psychophysical Method and Some Experiments with a Scale for Measuring Attitude Toward the Church. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1951), we investigated the perception of medical students at Cardiff and Paris towards the importance of gross anatomy to clinical medicine. This was undertaken during the early stages of their studies (when they were newly‐admitted to university and were about to commence anatomy courses), immediately after finishing their anatomy courses, and later in the final year of medical studies. The results suggest that, even where there might be geopolitical and cultural backgrounds, students at all stages of their medical course share with professional anatomists the view that anatomy is a very important subject for their clinical studies. Thus, contrary to the unquantified beliefs of those who are sceptical about the purpose and value of anatomy in an undergraduate medical curriculum, the students themselves do not appear to share such beliefs. Clin. Anat. 20:560–564, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinal arachnoid calcifications
Authors: Wijdicks Coen A. , Williams James M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractArachnoid calcifications have been imaged on axial‐CT and MRI. These often clinically asymptomatic deposits have been attributed to trauma, myelography (particularly with the use of oil‐based contrast), subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal anesthesia. This report describes calcified arachnoid plaques in an 86‐year‐old male cadaver located in the dorsal thoracic level. A laminectomy from C4 to the lumbo‐sacral junction was performed and the dura mater was transected and pinned aside. Three plaques between T2‐T3, 3 at T7, 2 at T9 were noted. Plaques were 1.0 mm in thickness and ranged from 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm in diameter. The spinal cord or nerve roots were not displaced. The plaques stained positively with Von Kossa and Alizarin Red S staining, confirming that the deposits included calcium phosphate and calcium. Arachnoid calcifications are an incidental finding in cadavers and typically do not compress the spinal cord or nerve roots. However such plaques may be precursors to spinal arachnoid ossificans, a more serious condition that may cause spinal cord or nerve root compression. Clin. Anat. 20:521–523, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of Different Electron‐Poor N‐Heteroarylhydrazines in Strong Basic Conditions
Authors: Unciti‐Broceta Asier , Pineda de las Infantas María J. , Gallo Miguel A. , Espinosa Antonio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe first application of the Wolff–Kishner reduction methodology to electron‐poor heteroaromatic compounds is reported. Hydrazino‐containing heterocycles with hydrazone‐type tautomery have been reduced under basic conditions. This novel chemistry was successfully applied to mono‐dehalogenate a number of electron‐poor heterocycles in a regioselective manner. According to the experimental results, this reductive process is a base‐catalyzed reaction that takes only place in the presence of air, probably through an oxygen‐assisted mechanism. As consequence of the specific features of this kind of hydrazone/enehydrazine tautomers, the overall outcome of the process is the synthesis of a Shapiro‐type reduction product by simply using a milder version of the Huang–Minlon methodology.
Ligand Design for Heterobimetallic Single‐Chain Magnets: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of MIICuII (M=Mn, Co) Chains with Sterically Hindered Methyl‐Substituted Phenyloxamate Bridging Ligands
Authors: Pardo Emilio , Ruiz‐García Rafael , Lloret Francesc , Faus Juan , Julve Miguel , Journaux Yves , Novak Miguel A. , Delgado Fernando S. , Ruiz‐Pérez Catalina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwo new series of neutral oxamato‐bridged heterobimetallic chains of general formula [MCu(Lx)2]⋅ m DMSO (m=0–4) (L1=N‐2‐methylphenyloxamate, M=Mn (1 a) and Co (1 b); L2=N‐2,6‐dimethylphenyloxamate, M=Mn (2 a) and Co (2 b); L3=N‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyloxamate, M=Mn (3 a) and Co (3 b)) have been prepared by reaction between the corresponding anionic oxamatocopper(II) complexes [Cu(Lx)2]2− with Mn2+ or Co2+ cations in DMSO. The crystal structures of [CoCu(L2)2(H2O)2] (2 b′) and [CoCu(L3)2(H2O)2]⋅4 H2O (3 b′) have been solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Compounds 2 b′ and 3 b′ adopt zigzag and linear chain structures, respectively. The intrachain Cu⋅⋅⋅Co distance through the oxamate bridge is 5.296(1) Å in 2 b′ and 5.301(2) Å in 3 b′, while the shortest interchain Co⋅⋅⋅Co distance is 5.995(5) Å in 2 b′ and 8.702(3) Å in 3 b′, that is, the chains are well isolated in the crystal lattice due to the presence of the bulky methyl‐substituted phenyl groups. Although both MnIICuII and CoIICuII chains exhibit ferrimagnetic behaviour with moderately strong intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling (−JMn,Cu=24.7–27.9 cm−1 and −JCo,Cu=35.0–45.8 cm−1; H=${{{}\mathrel{\mathop{\sum{}}\limits_{i}}{}}}$−JM,CuSM,iSCu,i), only the CoIICuII chains show slow magnetic relaxation at low temperatures (TB<3.5 K), which is characteristic of single‐chain magnets (SCMs) because of the high magnetic anisotropy of the CoII ion. The blocking temperatures TB along this series of chains vary according to the steric hindrance of the aromatic substituent of the oxamate ligand in the series L1<L2<L3. Analysis of the SCM behaviour for 3 b and 3 b′ on the basis of Glauber's theory for a one‐dimensional Ising system showed a thermally activated mechanism for the magnetic relaxation (Arrhenius law dependence). The activation energies Ea to reverse the magnetisation direction are 38.0 (3 b) and 16.3 cm−1 (3 b′), while the preexponential factors τ0 are 2.3×10−11 (3 b) and 4.0×10−9 s (3 b′).
Phosphorescent Dyes for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chou Pi‐Tai , Chi Yun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article presents general concepts that have guided important developments in our recent research progress regarding room‐temperature phosphorescent dyes and their potential applications. We first elaborate the theoretical background for emissive metal complexes and the strategic design of the chelating C‐linked 2‐pyridylazolate ligands, followed by their feasibility in functionalization and modification in an aim to fine‐tune the chemical and photophysical properties. Subsequently, incorporation of 2‐pyridylazolate chromophores is illustrated in the synthesis of the highly emissive, charge‐neutral Os, Ru, Ir, and Pt complexes. Insights into their photophysical properties are gained from spectroscopy, relaxation dynamics, and theoretical approaches, from which the lowest‐lying excited states, competitive radiative decay, and radiationless processes are then analyzed in detail. In view of applications, their potentials for OLEDs have been evaluated. The results, in combination with the fundamental basis, give a conceptual design contributed to the future advances in the field of OLEDs.
The Elusive Tetrasamarium‐oxide‐hexabromide, Sm4OBr6.
Authors: Hammerich Stefanie , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Polarity Induced by Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding and Lone‐Pair Alignment in the Molecular Uranyl Iodate Na2[UO2(IO3)4(H2O)].
Authors: Bray Travis H. , Beitz James V. , Bean Amanda C. , Yu Yaqin , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Growth and Structure Determination of Oxygen‐Deficient Sr6Co5O15.
Authors: Sun Junliang , Li Guobao , Li Zhaofei , You Liping , Lin Jianhua 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Enynes with Alkenes: Trapping of Two Different Gold Carbenes.
Authors: Lopez Salome , Herrero‐Gomez Elena , Perez‐Galan Patricia , Nieto‐Oberhuber Cristina , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Base‐Catalyzed [2,3]‐Wittig Rearrangement of Silyl Enolates Generated from α‐Allyloxy Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Sato Yoshinori , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile and Efficient Pinacol Rearrangement Using Tungstophosphoric Acid (H3PW12O40) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yahyaee M. , Kianmehr E. , Foroutan‐nejad C. , Beheshti S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed C—C Bond Cleavage in Redox Esterifications of Chiral Formylcyclopropanes.
Authors: Sohn Stephanie S. , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Copper Bromide Catalyzed Chemoselective Thioacetalization of Carbonyl Compounds: Selectivity and Scope.
Authors: Varala Ravi , Nuvula Sreelatha , Adapa Srinivas R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal Ion Sensing Novel Calix[4]crown Fluoroionophore with a Two‐Photon Absorption Property.
Authors: Kim Jong Seung , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Hwan Myung , Kim Su Ho , Lee Jeong Won , Kim Sung Kuk , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Terminal 1,2‐Diamines Using an Enantiomerically Pure [1‐(1′R)‐Methylbenzyl‐aziridine‐2‐yl]methanol.
Authors: Lee Baeck Kyoung , Kim Min Sung , Hahm Heung Sik , Kim Dong Sub , Lee Won Koo , Ha Hyun‐Joon 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkyl Phosphine Promoted Reductive Coupling of Acyl Cyanides: Formation of O‐Acyl Cyanohydrins.
Authors: Zhang Wen , Shi Min 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indium(I) Iodide Promoted Cleavage of Dialkyl/Diaryl Disulfides and Subsequent anti‐Markovnikov Addition to Styrenes: A New Route to Linear Thioethers.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Mandal Tanmay 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Naphthalene‐1,8‐diylbis(diphenylmethylium) as an Organic Two‐Electron Oxidant: Benzidine Synthesis via Oxidative Self‐Coupling of N,N‐Dialkylanilines.
Authors: Saitoh Terunobu , Yoshida Suguru , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Fluorenones Based on a “[3 + 3] Cyclization/Suzuki Cross‐Coupling/Friedel—Crafts Acylation” Strategy.
Authors: Reim Stefanie , Lau Matthias , Langer Peter 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aziridination with Diphenylphosphoryl Azide (DPPA): Direct Synthesis of N‐Phosphorus‐Substituted Aziridines from Alkenes.
Authors: Gao Guang‐Yao , Jones Jess E. , Vyas Renu , Harden Jeremiah D. , Zhang X. Peter 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Diazetidines.
Authors: Miao Wei , Xu Weiliang , Zhang Zhiliu , Ma Rujian , Chen Shu‐Hui , Li Ge 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Selective Reaction of Aryl Halides with KOH: Synthesis of Phenols, Aromatic Ethers, and Benzofurans.
Authors: Anderson Kevin W. , Ikawa Takashi , Tundel Rachel E. , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Tandem Wittig—Intramolecular Diels—Alder Cycloaddition. Product Distribution and Stereochemical Assignment.
Authors: Wu Jinlong , Sun Lijie , Dai Wei‐Min 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Dimerization During Hydrogenation of 2‐(2‐Pyridylmethylene)‐3(2H)‐benzofuran‐3‐ones.
Authors: Mak Marianna , Nogradi Mihaly , Szoellosy Aron 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Expansions of 2‐Alkenylazetidinium Salts — A New Route to Pyrrolidines and Azepanes.
Authors: Couty Francois , Durrat Francois , Evano Gwilherm , Marrot Jerome 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroles and 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydroindoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydroxy‐Enamines.
Authors: Aoyagi Yutaka , Mizusaki Toshihiko , Shishikura Masahiro , Komine Takashi , Yoshinaga Tokuji , Inaba Haruko , Ohta Akihiro , Takeya Koichi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.