bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delight and Imagination: Ambrose's Hymns
Authors: den Boeft Jan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper, which is the written version of a morning lecture (7 August 2007) at the Fifteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies at Oxford, aims to show that bishop Ambrose's influential poetical experiment, the hymns composed for his Milanese congregation, is founded on two convictions concerning God's creation: the delight inherent in it and available to be made operational in a responsible way, and man's imagination as part of God's purpose in creating man after his own image. David had understood this and, following in his track, the hymnographer exploited this potential to inspire his flock.
The Ambassador Between Light and Shade: The Emergence of Secrecy as the Norm for International Negotiation
Authors: Colson Aurélien 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo what extent did secrecy emerge as the uncontested norm for international negotiations after the Renaissance? This article introduces six key negotiation practitioners from 17th century Europe, including some of the earliest writers on negotiation: Hotman, Mazarini, Wicquefort, Rousseau de Chamoy, Callières, and Pecquet. An analysis of their writings demonstrates that if an ambassador had to appear in the bright light of the royal court, he became constantly preoccupied by secrecy. He needed to find ways to protect his own secrets from third parties and uncover the secrets of others. These concerns from earlier times helped to establish secrecy as the paradigm for modern negotiation.
Continuity in Discontinuity: The Domestic Political Economy of Trade Cooperation from 1860 to 1914
Authors: Rohlfing Ingo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the literature on international trade, the second half of the nineteenth century is generally characterized as one with two very different faces: trade was liberalized from 1860 until the mid-1870s and turned protectionist again thereafter. This discontinuity in the development of commercial relations goes along with much continuity regarding the domestic goals governments pursued in international trade negotiations. The French executives' primary goal was to implement their trade policy in a way that created at least as many domestic political benefits as costs. One key instrument with which the French government pursued this objective was the form of cooperation, which is an often-neglected issue in the international relations literature. The comparative analysis of two cases of French trade policy making – the Anglo-French agreement of 1860 and the Méline tariff of 1892 – will highlight how bilateral cooperation was used as an instrument to accommodate the interests of domestic economic groups having contradictory trade policy preferences. Expanding this view to the twentieth century, it can be seen that the domestic political processes of 1860 and 1892 involve many elements that are considered basic to modern trade policy-making. It can be tentatively hypothesized that trade policy-making is characterized by a common logic of balancing societal support independently of the commercial policy that is implemented and the reasons for why it is sought.
Assessing the Impact of Issue Linkage in the Common Fisheries Policy
Authors: da Conceição-Heldt Eugénia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlthough issue linkage is often an important variable in negotiations, it remains an underdeveloped research area in European integration studies. This article attempts to assess the impact of issue linkage on EU bargaining outcomes by applying the Tollison and Willett spatial model of issue linkage to a key bargaining situation in the common fisheries policy: the negotiations on the introduction of the common market organization and structural policy. This article attempts to demonstrate how deals can be completed through issue linkage packages and to identify the conditions that make issue linkage more likely.
Matt 1:1: “Son of Abraham” as Christological Category
Authors: Huizenga Leroy Andrew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMatt 1:1 raises interpretive questions regarding its scope as a potential title and the import of the phrases “son of David” and “son of Abraham.” This article contends that “son of Abraham” introduces a significant sacrificial Christological category centered on the figure of Isaac which complements the Messianic aspects of Jesus Christ's ministry associated with the title “son of David.” “Son of David” and “son of Abraham” therefore stand in parallel at the beginning of the Gospel of Matthew as two titular designations specifying two Christological categories of the greatest import for the Gospel: Messiah (“son of David”) and new Isaac (“son of Abraham”). Thus is solved the difficulty of a crucified Messiah: Jesus is indeed the Messiah but also the anti-type of Isaac, whose sacrifice was paradigmatic in Jewish tradition. Matt 1:1 therefore introduces the reader to these dual Christological categories and is a title whose scope covers the entire Gospel.
Being the Church in Philippi
Authors: Peterson Brian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractContrary to widespread assumptions, neither Paul's pattern of church-planting nor his vision of those churches' mission was focused on efforts by those churches to draw and make more members for the church. Rather, Paul saw the church's life itself, both in relation to one another and in relation to their neighbors, as its calling and its mission. For Paul, the church's mission is to live out its identity in Christ as God's new creation in the face of empire. A careful look at Philippians in particular will make the contours of such a mission clear.
The Role of Eddies in Driving the Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Heating Perturbations
Authors: Simpson Isla R. , Blackburn Michael , Haigh Joanna D. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A simplified general circulation model has been used to investigate the chain of causality whereby changes in tropospheric circulation and temperature are produced in response to stratospheric heating perturbations. Spinup ensemble experiments have been performed to examine the evolution of the tropospheric circulation in response to such perturbations.
The primary aim of these experiments is to investigate the possible mechanisms whereby a tropospheric response to changing solar activity over the 11-yr solar cycle could be produced in response to heating of the equatorial lower stratosphere. This study therefore focuses on a stratospheric heating perturbation in which the heating is largest in the tropics. For comparison, experiments are also performed in which the stratosphere is heated uniformly at all latitudes and in which it is heated preferentially in the polar region. Thus, the mechanisms discussed have a wider relevance for the impact of stratospheric perturbations on the troposphere.
The results demonstrate the importance of changing eddy momentum fluxes in driving the tropospheric response. This is confirmed by the lack of a similar response in a zonally symmetric model with fixed eddy forcing. Furthermore, it is apparent that feedback between the tropospheric eddy fluxes and tropospheric circulation changes is required to produce the full model response. The quasigeostrophic index of refraction is used to diagnose the cause of the changes in eddy behavior. It is demonstrated that the latitudinal extent of stratospheric heating is important in determining the direction of displacement of the tropospheric jet and storm track.
Simulations of Hydrographic Properties in the Northwestern North Atlantic Ocean in Coupled Climate Models
Authors: de Jong M. F. , Drijfhout S. S. , Hazeleger W. , van Aken H. M. , Severijns C. A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The performance of coupled climate models (CCMs) in simulating the hydrographic structure and variability of the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean, in particular the Labrador and Irminger Seas, has been assessed. This area plays an important role in the meridional overturning circulation. Hydrographic properties of the preindustrial run of eight CCMs used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) are compared with observations from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Repeat section 7 (WOCE AR7). The mean and standard deviation of 20 yr of simulated data are compared in three layers, representing the surface waters, intermediate waters, and deep waters. Two models simulate an extremely cold, fresh surface layer with model biases down to −1.7 psu and −4.0°C, much larger than the observed ranges of variability. The intermediate and deep layers are generally too warm and saline, with biases up to 0.7 psu and 2.8°C. An analysis of the maximum mixed layer depth shows that the low surface salinity is related to a convective regime restricted to the upper 500 dbar. Thus, intermediate water formed by convection is partly replaced by warmer water from the south. Model biases seem to be caused by the coupling to the atmospheric component of the CCM. Model drift during long spinup periods allows the initially small biases in water mass characteristics to become significant. Biases that develop in the control run are carried over to the twentieth-century runs, which are initialized from the control runs.
Possible Role of the Indian Ocean in the Out-of-Phase Transition of the Australian to Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wu Renguang 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The present study investigates processes for out-of-phase transitions from the Australian summer monsoon (ASM) to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Two types of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transitions have been identified, depending on the evolution of the Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The first type of transition is accompanied by a phase switch of ENSO in boreal spring to early summer. In the second type of transition, ENSO maintains its phase through boreal summer. The direct ENSO forcing plays a primary role for the first type of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition, with complementary roles from the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that are partly induced by ENSO. The second type of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition involves air–sea interaction processes in the tropical Indian Ocean that generate the north Indian Ocean SST anomalies and contribute to the monsoon transition. The initiation of tropical Indian Ocean air–sea interaction is closely related to ENSO in observations, but could also occur without ENSO according to a coupled general circulation model simulation. Results of numerical simulations substantiate the role of the Indian Ocean air–sea interaction in the out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition.
Regional Groundwater Evapotranspiration in Illinois
Authors: Yeh Pat J-F. , Famiglietti J. S. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The role of shallow unconfined aquifers in supplying water for evapotranspiration (i.e., groundwater evaporation) is investigated in this paper. Recent results from regional land surface modeling have indicated that in shallow water table areas, a large portion of evapotranspiration comes directly from aquifers. However, little field evidence at the regional scale has been reported to support this finding. Using a comprehensive 19-yr (1984–2002) monthly hydrological dataset on soil moisture, water table depth, and streamflow in Illinois, regional recharge to and evaporation from groundwater are estimated by using soil water balance computation. The 19-yr mean groundwater recharge is estimated to be 244 mm yr−1 (25% of precipitation), with uncertainty ranging from 202 to 278 mm yr−1. During the summer, the upward capillary flux from the shallow aquifer helps to maintain a high rate of evapotranspiration. Groundwater evaporation (negative groundwater recharge) occurs during the period of July–September, with a total of 31.4 mm (10% of evapotranspiration). Analysis of the relative soil saturation at 11 depths from 0 to 2 m deep supports the dominance of groundwater evaporation across the water table in dry periods. The zero-flux plane separating the recharge zone from the evapotranspiration zone propagates downward from about 70- to 110-cm depth during summer, reflecting the water supply from progressively lower layers for evapotranspiration. Despite its small magnitude, neglecting regional groundwater evaporation in shallow groundwater areas would result in underestimated root-zone soil moisture and hence evapotranspiration by as large as 20% in the dry summer seasons.
The Tropical Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Global Wind Oscillation
Authors: Weickmann Klaus , Berry Edward 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The global wind oscillation (GWO) is a subseasonal phenomenon encompassing the tropical Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and midlatitude processes like meridional momentum transports and mountain torques. A phase space is defined for the GWO following the approach of Wheeler and Hendon for the MJO. In contrast to the oscillatory behavior of the MJO, two red noise processes define the GWO. The red noise spectra have variance at periods that bracket 30–60 or 30–80 days, which are bands used to define the MJO. The correlation between the MJO and GWO is ∼0.5 and cross spectra show well-defined, coherent phase relations in similar frequency bands. However, considerable independent variance exists in the GWO. A basic dynamical distinction occurs in the direction of midlatitude wave energy dispersion, being predominantly meridional during a MJO and zonal during the GWO. This is primarily a winter season feature centered over the Pacific Ocean. A case study during April–May 2007 focuses on the GWO and two ∼30-day duration orbits with extreme anomalies in GWO phase space. The MJO phase space projections for the same time were irregular and, it is argued, partially driven by mountain torques and meridional transports. The case study reveals that multiple physical processes and time scales act to create slowly evolving planetary-scale circulation and tropical convection anomalies.
Staphylococcal SSL5 inhibits leukocyte activation by chemokines and anaphylatoxins
Authors: Bestebroer Jovanka , van Kessel Kok P. M. , Azouagh Hafida , Walenkamp Annemiek M. , Boer Ingrid G. J. , Romijn Roland A. , van Strijp Jos A. G. , de Haas Carla J. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus secretes several virulence factors modulating immune responses. Staphylococcal superantigen-like (SSL) proteins are a family of 14 exotoxins with homology to superantigens, but with generally unknown function. Recently, we showed that SSL5 binds to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 dependently of sialyl Lewis X and inhibits P-selectin–dependent neutrophil rolling. Here, we show that SSL5 potently and specifically inhibits leukocyte activation by anaphylatoxins and all classes of chemokines. SSL5 inhibited calcium mobilization, actin polymerization, and chemotaxis induced by chemokines and anaphylatoxins but not by other chemoattractants. Antibody competition experiments showed that SSL5 targets several chemokine and anaphylatoxin receptors. In addition, transfection studies showed that SSL5 binds glycosylated N-termini of all G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) but only inhibits stimuli of protein nature that require the receptor N-terminus for activation. Furthermore, SSL5 increased binding of chemokines to cells independent of chemokine receptors through their common glycosaminoglycan-binding site. Importance of glycans was shown for both GPCR and chemokine binding. Thus, SSL5 is an important immunomodulatory protein of S aureus that targets several crucial, initial stages of leukocyte extravasation. It is therefore a potential new antiinflammatory compound for diseases associated with chemoattractants and their receptors and disorders characterized by excessive recruitment of leukocytes.
Basophil effector function and homeostasis during helminth infection
Authors: Ohnmacht Caspar , Voehringer David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBasophils are effector cells of the innate immune system that are associated with allergic inflammation and infections with helminth parasites. However, their development and in vivo functions are largely unknown. Here, we characterize basophil development, turnover, tissue localization, and effector function during infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Our results demonstrate that under homeostatic conditions basophils have a lifespan of about 60 hours. N brasiliensis–induced basophilia is caused by increased de novo production of basophils in the bone marrow. Basophils were found near the marginal zone in the red pulp of the spleen, in the lamina propria of the small intestine, and in the lung parenchyma. Activated basophils promoted systemic eosinophilia, were associated with differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages in the lung, and contributed to efficient worm expulsion, demonstrating that basophils play a crucial role as effector cells in type 2 immune responses.
Transcriptional repression of microRNA genes by PML-RARA increases expression of key cancer proteins in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Saumet Anne , Vetter Guillaume , Bouttier Manuella , Portales-Casamar Elodie , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Maurin Thomas , Mari Bernard , Barbry Pascal , Vallar Laurent , Friederich Evelyne , Arar Khalil , Cassinat Bruno , Chomienne Christine , Lecellier Charles-Henri 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Micro(mi)RNAs are small noncoding RNAs that orchestrate many key aspects of cell physiology and their deregulation is often linked to distinct diseases including cancer. Here, we studied the contribution of miRNAs in a well-characterized human myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), targeted by retinoic acid and trioxide arsenic therapy. We identified several miRNAs transcriptionally repressed by the APL-associated PML-RAR oncogene which are released after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. These coregulated miRNAs were found to control, in a coordinated manner, crucial pathways linked to leukemogenesis, such as HOX proteins and cell adhesion molecules whose expressions are thereby repressed by the chemotherapy. Thus, APL appears linked to transcriptional perturbation of miRNA genes, and clinical protocols able to successfully eradicate cancer cells may do so by restoring miRNA expression. The identification of abnormal miRNA biogenesis in cancer may therefore provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in myeloid leukemias.
STIM1 is essential for Fcγ receptor activation and autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Braun Attila , Gessner J. Engelbert , Varga-Szabo David , Syed Shahzad N. , Konrad Stephanie , Stegner David , Vögtle Timo , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFcγ receptors (FcγRs) on mononuclear phagocytes trigger autoantibody and immune complex–induced diseases through coupling the self-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to innate effector pathways, such as phagocytosis, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. FcRγ-based activation is critical in the pathogenesis of these diseases, although the contribution of FcγR-mediated calcium signaling in autoimmune injury is unclear. Here we show that macrophages lacking the endoplasmic reticulum–resident calcium sensor, STIM1, cannot activate FcγR-induced Ca2+ entry and phagocytosis. As a direct consequence, STIM1 deficiency results in resistance to experimental immune thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and acute pneumonitis. These results establish STIM1 as a novel and essential component of FcγR activation and also indicate that inhibition of STIM1-dependent signaling might become a new strategy to prevent or treat IgG-dependent immunologic diseases.
Prevention of vascular graft occlusion and thrombus-associated thrombin generation by inhibition of factor XI
Authors: Tucker Erik I. , Marzec Ulla M. , White Tara C. , Hurst Sawan , Rugonyi Sandra , McCarty Owen J. T. , Gailani David , Gruber András , Hanson Stephen R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The protease thrombin is required for normal hemostasis and pathologic thrombogenesis. Since the mechanism of coagulation factor XI (FXI)–dependent thrombus growth remains unclear, we investigated the contribution of FXI to thrombus formation in a primate thrombosis model. Pretreatment of baboons with a novel anti–human FXI monoclonal antibody (aXIMab; 2 mg/kg) inhibited plasma FXI by at least 99% for 10 days, and suppressed thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex and β-thromboglobulin (βTG) formation measured immediately downstream from thrombi forming within collagen-coated vascular grafts. FXI inhibition with aXIMab limited platelet and fibrin deposition in 4-mm diameter grafts without an apparent increase in D-dimer release from thrombi, and prevented the occlusion of 2-mm diameter grafts without affecting template bleeding times. In comparison, pretreatment with aspirin (32 mg/kg) prolonged bleeding times but failed to prevent graft occlusion, supporting the concept that FXI blockade may offer therapeutic advantages over other antithrombotic agents in terms of bleeding complications. In whole blood, aXIMab prevented fibrin formation in a collagen-coated flow chamber, independent of factor XII and factor VII. These data suggest that endogenous FXI contributes to arterial thrombus propagation through a striking amplification of thrombin generation at the thrombus luminal surface.
MicroRNA-17-92 down-regulates expression of distinct targets in different B-cell lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Inomata Mika , Tagawa Hiroyuki , Guo Yong-Mei , Kameoka Yoshihiro , Takahashi Naoto , Sawada Kenichi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Aberrant overexpression of the miR-17-92 polycistron is strongly associated with B-cell lymphomagenesis. Recent studies have shown that miR-17-92 down-regulates the proapoptotic protein Bim, leading to overexpression of Bcl2, which likely plays a key role in lymphomagenesis. However, the fact that Jeko-1 cells derived from mantle cell lymphoma exhibit both homozygous deletion of BIM and overexpression of miR-17-92 suggests other targets are also involved in B-cell lymphomagenesis. To identify essential target(s) of miR-17-92 in lymphomagenesis, we first transfected miR-17-92 into 2 genetically distinct B-cell lymphoma cell lines: Raji, which overexpress c-Myc, and SUDHL4, which overexpress Bcl2. Raji transfected with miR-17-19b-1 exhibited down-regulated expression of Bim and a slight up-regulation in Bcl2 expression. On the other hand, SUDHL4 transfectants showed aggressive cell growth reflecting facilitated cell cycle progression at the G1 to S transition and decreased expression of CDKN1A mRNA and p21 protein (CDKN1A/p21) that was independent of p53 expression. Conversely, transfection of antisense oligonucleotides against miR-17 and miR-20a into Jeko-1 led to up-regulation of CDKN1A/p21, resulting in decreased cell growth with G1 to S arrest. Thus, CDKN1A/p21 appears to be an essential target of miR-17-92 during B-cell lymphomagenesis, which suggests the miR-17-92 polycistron has distinct targets in different B-cell lymphoma subtypes.