bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AND GLUTETHIMIDE: EFFECTS ON 18-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS BY HUMAN AND SHEEP ADRENALS IN VITRO
Authors: Touitou Yvan , Bogdan André , Legrand Jean Claude , Desgrez Pierre 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The conversion of [1,2-3H] corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone in vitro was studied on human and animal adrenal tissue homogenates. Human adrenals were surgically resected from a patient with Cushing's disease. Sheep adrenal homogenates were prepared from the pooled glands of 20 animals. Incubations supplemented with a NADPH generating system were performed in order to evaluate the effect of aminoglutethimide and its closely related compound glutethimide on corticosterone 18-hydroxylation in vitro. Increasing concentrations of the two drugs were assayed on both human and animal adrenal homogenates. Aminoglutethimide was clearly found to inhibit corticosterone 18-hydroxylation in sheep adrenal homogenates as a 72.6 % inhibition occurred in the presence of only 0.2 μmole of the drug. Inhibition reached 91.1 % in the presence of 0.5 μmole aminoglutethimide. When added to the human incubated adrenal, a 59.4 % inhibition occurred in the presence of 0.5 μmole aminoglutethimide.
Glutethimide, a sedative of wide clinical usage, was also found to inhibit corticosterone 18-hydroxylation but the inhibitory effect occurred only in the presence of much higher concentrations. In fact, 5.0 μmoles were necessary to obtain a 43.9% inhibition of 18-hydroxycorticosterone synthesis.
This study clearly demonstrates the marked inhibitory effect of aminoglutethimide on corticosterone 18-hydroxylation. Glutethimide, to a lesser extent, also inhibits 18-hydroxycorticosterone synthesis.
EFFECT OF AMPICILLIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE EXCRETION OF TWELVE OESTROGENS IN PREGNANCY URINE
Authors: Adlercreutz H. , Martin F. , Tikkanen M. J. , Pulkkinen M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of twelve oestrogens in urine, pooled daily from a group of pregnant women, was determined before, during and after ampicillin administration (2 g/day, for 3 days). On the second day of ampicillin administration total oestrogen excretion fell to 67 % of the mean control value, oestriol excretion to 69% and that of the other eleven individual oestrogens to an average of 62 % of the mean control values. In general, on the third day of treatment and on the two post-treatment days this decrease tended to be corrected. The patterns of change in the urinary levels of the individual metabolites provided no clear lead to the basic mechanism of ampicillin impairment of oestrogen excretion. However, as the drug affected all their excretion in more or less the same way as it did that of oestriol, it is possible that ampicillin interferes primarily with their enterohepatic circulation in the mother as has been established with reasonable certainty in the case of oestriol.
ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES FOLLOWING SCIATIC NERVE STIMULATION IN RATS WITH PARTIAL HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTATIONS
Authors: Feldman Shaul , Conforti Nissim , Chowers Israel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the adrenocortical response following sciatic nerve stimulation is completely inhibited in rats with hypothalamic islands, indicating that this response depends entirely on the activation of afferent neural pathways to the hypothalamus. With the purpose of identifying the site of entry of these neural pathways into the mediobasal hypothalamus the effects of partial hypothalamic deafferentations were studied. It was found that in rats with posterior or posterolateral deafferentation the adrenocortical responses were similar to those obtained in intact rats, while anterior and anterolateral deafferentation resulted in a reduction of 62.3 and 53.3 %, respectively. These results would indicate that the sciatic impulses which activate the adrenocortical response involve neural afferents which enter the mediobasal hypothalamus by an anterior pathway.
CHANGES IN OVARIAN AND PITUITARY FUNCTION IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE INFUSION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α
Authors: Elias J. A. , Newton J. R. , Collins W. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of prostaglandin F2α, progesterone, oestradiol, LH and cortisol have been determined in serial samples of peripheral venous plasma, before, during and after, the intravenous administration of prostaglandin F2α (50 μg/min, for 5 h) to 8 women in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
The results show that the mean concentrations of prostaglandin F2α and cortisol increased during the infusion by factors of 8.8 and 2.6 respectively. The highest levels of cortisol occurred after 3 h, and were significantly different (P < 0.0005, Student's t-test) from those obtained before the infusion. There were progressive decreases in the concentrations of LH and progesterone. After 3 h the values for LH were significantly lower (P < 0.0025) than those before the administration of prostaglandin F2α, and the lowest mean value was 26 % of the control. The values for progesterone were significantly lower (P < 0.025) after 5 h, and the mean value at this time was 38 % of the control. The pattern of the mean concentration for oestradiol was similar to that for progesterone. The levels of all 5 compounds had returned to normal within 1 h after completion of the infusion. The findings are discussed.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON COLLAGEN METABOLISM IN METAPHYSEAL RAT BONE
Authors: Langeland Norvald , Teig Vigdis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro collagen metabolism in metaphyseal bone has been studied during the first few hours and days after the start of in vivo treatment of castrated female rats with various doses of oestradiol-17β. Already during the first 2 h after the start of treatment with oestradiol-17β 2 μg/day and within the first 24 h in the rats receiving 20 μg/day, a reduction of the collagen incorporation rate was demonstrated. The incorporation rates remained at approximately the same reduced level during the following 3 weeks. In rats receiving oestradiol-17β 1 μg/day no such reduced incorporation rate could be demonstrated during the first 36 h after the start of treatment.
The bone collagen resorption rate was significantly elevated during the first 3 days of treatment in the animals receiving oestradiol-17β both 1 and 20 μg/day. After this time the resorption rates gradually fell to levels significantly below controls at 3 weeks after start of treatment.
THE INTERACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE, SOMATOMEDIN AND OESTROGEN IN PATIENTS WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Saenger Paul , Schwartz Ernest , Wiedemann Eckehart , Levine Lenore S. , Tsai Mary , New Maria I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Baseline somatomedin activity in seven of eight patients with Turner's syndrome was found to be within normal limits. Somatomedin activity readily suppressed with oestrogen administration. The overall mean serum somatomedin activity during oestrogen therapy (0.87 U/ml, sd 0.15) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the mean of the control serum somatomedin activities (1.09 U/ml, sd 0.24). During oestrogen therapy, suggestive elevations of fasting growth hormone levels were noted in five of eight patients. The data indicate that oestrogenic suppression of serum somatomedin was not due to decreased growth hormone secretion and suggest the existence of a negative feedback link between somatomedin and growth hormone.
EFFECTS OF THYROXINE ON T-CELL COUNTS AND TUMOUR CELL REJECTION IN MICE
Authors: Aoki N. , Wakisaka G. , Nagata I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to study the effect of thyroxine on peripheral T-cell (thymus derived lymphocyte) counts or immunological functions, inbred C3H/He mice (8–10 weeks old) were injected subcutaneously with thyroxine for more than 3 months. After treatment for 3 months the mice were examined for peripheral T-cell counts, thymic incorporation of tritiated thymidine and rejection of tumour transplants. The number of T-cells was counted by the indirect immunoflourescence method using anti-ΘC3H serum after separation of lymphocytes on "Ficoll-Conray". It was revealed that the peripheral counts of both lymphocytes and T-cells were increased in the thyroxine treated group as compared with the control group, as was reported in the patients with Graves' disease. Thymic incorporation of tritiated thymidine was also found to be significantly increased in the thyroxine treated group. In addition, in order to study T-cell activity of the host, thyroxine treated and control mice were challenged with Ehrlich carcinoma cells at several concentrations (102, 104 and 2 × 106 per mouse). It was found that rejection of tumour transplants was significantly enhanced in the T-cell rich mice. Thus, it is possible that thyroxine affects peripheral T-cell counts and enhances immunological functions of the host.
INFUSIONS OF hFSH AND hLH IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Kjeld J. M. , Harsoulis P. , Kuku S. F. , Marshall J. C. , Kaufman B. , Fraser T. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial serum assays of immunoreactive FSH before, during and after a 4 h intravenous infusion of human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) in five healthy men revealed two disappearance rate constants with corresponding mean half-lives of 2.9 and 50.6 h. The mean distribution spaces calculated for the fast and slow component were 4.36 1 and 75.9 1 respectively. The average value for the metabolic clearance rate was 17.2 ml/min and for the endogenous production rate 50.9 mU/min. Two of the subjects had human luteinizing hormone (hLH) added in the infusions without the FSH kinetics changing.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PREPARATIONS OF OVINE LUTEINIZING HORMONE BY BIOASSAY, IMMUNODOUBLEDIFFUSION, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY, RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY AND POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Schlamowitz M. , Cronquist J. , Esfahani M. , Ward D. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three preparations of ovine LH were compared for biological potency and by several in vitro parameters. All were found to be heterogenous by immunodoublediffusion and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. They all also showed similarities and/or differences with respect to their characteristics in immunodoublediffusion, radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, gel electrophoresis and in dye-binding capacity, but in ways that preclude establishing a meaningful correlation between biopotency and the in vitro parameters or even among the in vitro parameters themselves. The implications of these findings for the use of these in vitro parameters for screening and assessing biological potencies of LH preparations and for inferring chemical and/or structural similarities between LH preparations are discussed. Aspects of polymorphism of LH, observed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, are also discussed.
T3 RESIN UPTAKE IN PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION
Authors: Ingenbleek Y. , De Nayer P. , De Visscher M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
RT3U3) is significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in the acute stage of kwashiorkor and returns to normal after 2 weeks of appropriate refeeding. RT3U is characterized by a high negative correlation with TBGcap. This negative correlation is maximal on admission (r = −0.88) and gradually declines to normal value (r = −0.63) with clinical recovery. This finding is consistent with the main role attributed to TBG in determining RT3U level.
The collected data emphize the importance of the protein plasma levels in the evaluation of the thyroid function with RT3U in protein-calorie malnutrition.
PROGESTERONE-BINDING GLOBULIN AND TESTOSTERONE-BINDING ACTIVITY IN GUINEA PIG SERUM DURING PREGNANCY: RELATIONSHIP TO PROGESTERONE AND OESTROGENS
Authors: Lea O. A. , Bessesen A. , Støa K. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone levels in serum have been determined throughout pregnancy in guinea-pigs by a competitive protein-binding technique, using pregnant guinea pig plasma protein as binding agent. The concentrations of this protein (progesterone-binding globulin, PBG) as well as the testosteronebinding activity (TBA) have been quantitated by means of equilibrium dialysis. In order to correlate these parameters to the endogenous oestrogen production, the urinary oestrogen excretion was recorded.
The concentration of progesterone, PBG and TBA showed a sharp rise on days 14–18 of gestation, reaching a maximal level on days 30–44. The progesterone level thereafter declined significantly towards parturition, followed by a sharp drop post partum. PBG and TBA followed a similar course, the decline towards parturition, however, being non significant. Neither progesterone, PBG nor TBA were significantly correlated to the urinary oestrogen excretion.
The concentration of PGB was remarkably high, amounting to 1–2 × 10-5 m during most of the guinea pig pregnancy. This binding capacity generally exceeded the endogenous progesterone concentration by a factor of 20, as calculated on a molar basis. A mean of 64 % of the binding sites was available for testosterone binding, corresponding to a free binding capacity of 400 μg testosterone per 100 ml.
DEMONSTRATION OF ANALOGUES TO THE HUMAN PREGNANCY ZONE PROTEIN IN ANIMALS
Authors: von Schoultz Bo , Stigbrand Torgny , Martinsson Kjell , Holmgren Nils 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pregnancy zone protein (PZ) is known to occur in increased amounts during pregnancy and hormonal treatment. Analogues of this human serum α2-globulin were demonstrated in animals by double gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Direct cross-reactions were found for Rhesus monkey and beagle dog against anti-human pregnancy zone protein. After preparation of an "anti-dog PZ" serum it was possible to demonstrate analogues also in cow and sheep. Thus, the present investigation demonstrates animal analogues to the human pregnancy zone protein, which should be valuable for studies of the biological role of this protein.
BINDING OF IODINATED ANGIOTENSIN CONGENERS TO ANGIOTENSIN II ANTIBODIES
Authors: Fyhrquist F. , Kala R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Antibodies against angiotensin II (A II) were generated in rabbits by immunization with val5-angiotensin II coupled to albumin. All antisera bound significant amounts of 125I-labelled A II hepta (2–8) and hexapeptide (3–8), but angiotensin I (A I) was not bound. High specificity for A II was found in 3 sera out of 10. The other sera showed above 50% crossreaction with hepta- or hexapeptide, or both. No sera were found to crossreact with A I. The amino acids in position 1 and 2 may become additional immunological determinants, providing the basis for the generation of antibodies highly specific for A II. Labelling with 125I using the chloramine method may alter the immunoreactivity of angiotensin congeners. Selected antisera against A II may be used for radioimmunoassays of the biologically active angiotensin "III" (2–8 heptapeptide) and the 3–8 hexapeptide fragment of A II.
INHIBITION OF MID-CYCLE GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN HEALTHY WOMEN BY PIMOZIDE AND FUSARIC ACID
Authors: Leppäluoto J. , Männistö P. , Ranta T. , Linnoila M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of pimozide, a drug blocking dopamine receptors, and fusaric acid, an inhibitor of dopamine β-hydroxylase, on mid-cycle release of FSH and LH were studied in 8 healthy women 20–25 years of age. None had used contraceptive drugs for the preceding 10 months.
From the menstrual history and serum LH determinations during the normal cycle, mid-cycle gonadotrophin bursts were predicted for the following three cycles. Two days before and after the expected gonadotrophin surge were regarded as sufficient for the drug tests. Pimozide (initially 2 mg, then 1 mg/day) and fusaric acid (600 mg/day) were administered in a randomized cross-over study.
The mid-cycle LH values were reduced from the control level of 56 ± 10 mIU/ml (mean ± se) to 22 ± 4 mIU/ml by pimozide (P < 0.001) and to 17 ± 5 mIU/ml by fusaric acid (P < 0.001). The serum FSH level was 9 ± 2 mIU/ml on the day of the LH surge and did not change significantly during treatment with either drug. The LH and FSH responses to synthetic LRF (100 μg iv) were not changed by pimozide or fusaric acid. The rise of basal temperature associated with ovulation was not affected by the drugs.
These results suggest that suprapituitary noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of mid-cycle gonadotrophin secretion in women.
THE DEGREE OF BONE MINERALIZATION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM ESTIMATED FROM THE PHOSPHORUS TO HYDROXYPROLINE RATIO IN BONE
Authors: Tougaard Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The proportion between mineral and collagen in bone tissue, "the degree of mineralization", can be evaluated from the phosphorus to hydroxyproline ratio (P/Hypro ratio), determined in bone biopsies. The ratio was measured in 27 unselected hyperthyroid patients. No significant correlation was found between the P/Hypro ratio and the age of the patient, the duration of the disease or the value of serum thyroxine. The mean value of the P/Hypro ratio for the group studied was not significantly different from the normal mean. The results of the study indicate a normal degree of mineralization in the bone of patients with hyperthyroidism.
RAPID SIMULTANEOUS RADIOMMUNOASSAY FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE IN UNEXTRACTED HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Ljunggren Jan-Gustaf , Persson Bertil , Tryselius Monica 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A rapid simultaneous radioimmunoassay for the measurement of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in unextracted human serum is described. The method requires 25 μl serum. Approximately 150 human sera can be tested for triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in one day by one technical assistant. The triiodothyronine levels in peripheral venous blood in euthyroid subjects and in patients with various thyroid diseases are as follows: euthyroid (50) 115 ± 22 (mean ± sd) ng/100 ml, hypothyroid (20) 33 ± 35 (mean ± sd) ng/100 ml and hyperthyroid (20) 411 ± 142 (mean ± sd) ng/100 ml. The corresponding levels for thyroxine are: 6.9 ± 1.3, 2.0 ± 1.4 and 21.4 ± 5.2 μg/100 ml. The levels of triiodothyronine in the thyroid venous blood are higher (P < 0.05) than in the peripheral venous blood. The levels of thyroxine in the thyroid venous blood was not significantly higher than in peripheral venous blood.
ULTRAMORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX OF ADULT RATS AFTER NEONATAL ADMINISTRATION OF SEX STEROIDS
Authors: Mäusle E. , Fickinger G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The outer zona fasciculata of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 weeks old, was studied by means of ultramorphometry. Four males and 4 females each received 1250 μg of testosterone proprionate (TP) or 300 μg oestradiol benzoate (OeB) on the second day of life. Four males and 4 females in oestrus or dioestrus served as controls.
The controls showed both sex and cyclic differences: in comparison to the males, females displayed a finely dispersed lipoid pattern; enlargement of the nucleus and an increase in the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) indicated an increased stimulation of the cortex during oestrus.
Neonatal administration of TP in females causes a distinct enlargement of cells with an increase in the volumes of nucleus, mitochondria, liposomes, SER and liposomes. The mitochondria and liposomes show a small-dispersed pattern of distribution. All these function-specific morphometric parameters point to an increased activity of the individual cell. The changes are less pronounced after OeB than after TP.
In the male, neonatal administration of sex steroids results in an alteration of the sizes of the mitochondria and liposomes. The liposomes are distributed finely dispersed. At the same time there is an increase in the lipoid content. According to these parameters, fasciculata cells fulfil the morphological conditions that are a prerequisite for an elevated functional reaction. This change is more marked following OeB than TP.
Sex dimorphism is preserved following neonatal application of sex steroids since the alterations are much more pronounced in females than in males.
OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE IN NORMAL AND HYPOGONADAL MEN FOLLOWING LH-RH OR HCG STIMULATION
Authors: Kley H. K. , Nieschlag E. , Wiegelmann W. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestrone, oestradiol-17β and testosterone in serum were measured during a LH-RH infusion test and a Leydig cell function test with HCG in healthy men and in patients with primary or secondary hypogonadism. Following infusion of LH-RH increases of LH (+112%), oestradiol (+62 %) and testosterone (+51 %) were observed in normal men, while oestrone remained unchanged. Of the patients only those with Klinefelter's syndrome showed a significant increase in testosterone and oestradiol after LH-RH infusion. During the Leydig cell function test oestradiol and testosterone exhibited a largely parallel pattern under normal and pathological conditions as well as in subjects with experimental hypogonadism. Augmentations of plasma oestrone were usually smaller than those for oestradiol.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBCELLULAR PROLIFERATING MEMBRANES AND MITOCHONDRIA IN DOG THYROID FOLLICULAR CELLS INDUCED BY SYNTHETIC DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Fernandez-Pol J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(rI:rC)], an interferon inducer and antitumour agent, induced proliferating intracellular membranes as well as a characteristic association between those membranes and mitochondria. The membrane-mitochondrion association was most often observed in small mitochondria lying close to the basal cell membrane.
Although the meaning of this differential response is not known, these findings might be explained by an actual biogenesis of the mitochondria from subcellular membranes induced by poly (rI:rC), either directly or secondary to its toxic effects.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF SOMATOSTATIN ACTION ON INSULIN RELEASE IN MAN
Authors: Efendić S. , Luft R. , Claro A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Somatostatin in as small a dose as 70 μg given over a period of 90 min to seven healthy subjects inhibited insulin release induced by glucose (500 mg/kg as a bolus ± 20 mg/kg/min). This inhibition seemed to be of competitive nature since the effect was nearly overcome when the glucose dose was raised considerably.
Somatostatin in nine subjects also inhibited insulin release induced by glucagon and tolbutamide, and this inhibition was of the same order of magnitude as that of glucose induced insulin release. Since all these insulinogogues enhance the accumulation of cyclic AMP in the β-cells, it is suggested that the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system might be involved in the action of somatostatin. Somatostatin did not seem to interfere with the glycogenolytic effect of glucagon on the liver.