bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektronische Multimodale Bedien- und Service-Assistenz – Das Leitprojekt EMBASSI (Electronic Multimodal Operation and Service-Assistance – Lead Project EMBASSI)
Authors: Herfet Th. , Kirste Th. , Schnaider M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
EMBASSI ist ein vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördertes Leitprojekt, das sich mit der Entwicklung innovativer Mensch-Maschine-Interaktionstechniken befasst. Im Rahmen von EMBASSI bezieht sich der Begriff "Maschine" dabei insbesondere auf technische Systeme, die aus einer Reihe von verteilten vernetzten Geräten bestehen. Die Zielsetzung bei EMBASSI ist die Entwicklung einer generischen Architektur für intuitive, multimodale und ziel-basierte Interaktionen mit technischen Infrastrukturen des alltäglichen Lebens. In diesem Artikel werden die aktuell entwickelte Architektur und die zugrunde liegenden Konzepte vorgestellt, die anthropomorphe Interaktionen und multimodale Eingaben nutzbar machen. Darauf aufbauend werden Beispiele vorgestellt, wie die Entwicklungsergebnisse in den adressierten Anwendungsszenarien Privathaushalt, Kraftfahrzeug und Öffentliche Terminalsysteme Verwendung finden.
ARVIKA – Augmented Reality für Entwicklung, Produktion und Service (ARVIKA – Augmented Reality for Development, Production and Service)
Authors: Hamadou M. , Jahn D. , Weidenhausen J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Augmented Reality, erweiterte Realität, ist eine Form der Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, die dem Menschen z. B. über eine Datenbrille Informationen in sein Sichtfeld einblendet und damit die von ihm wahrgenommene Realität erweitert. Dieses geschieht jedoch kontextabhängig, d. h. passend zum und abgeleitet vom betrachteten Objekt, z. B. einem Bauteil, einem Werkzeug, einer Maschine oder zu seinem Standort. So wird das reale Sichtfeld eines Facharbeiters, Technikers oder Entwicklungsingenieurs durch eingeblendete Hinweise um für ihn wichtige Informationen angereichert (Azuma, Baillot, Behringer, Feiner, Julier und MacIntyre 2001). ARVIKA entwickelt diese Technik in den Anwendungsfeldern Entwicklung, Produktion und Service der Automobil- und Flugzeugindustrie, für Kraftwerks- und Prozessanlagen und für Werkzeug- und Produktionsmaschinen. Besondere Perspektiven bietet diese Technik für mittelständische Unternehmen, die durch verbesserte Diagnose- und Wartungskompetenz flexibler und effizienter agieren können und damit eine Stärkung im globalen Wettbewerb erfahren.
E-Shopmerkmale aus Kundensicht – Ergebnisse einer Conjointanalyse (E-shop-features from a customer´s point of view - results of a Conjoint Analysis)
Authors: Silberer Günter , Engelhardt Jan-Frederik , Wasmuth N. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor bei der Kundengewinnung und Kaufrealisierung in e-Shops ist die Gestaltung der Mensch-Medium-Schnittstelle. Hier beurteilt der Shopbesucher die formalen und inhaltlichen Merkmale des Onlineshops hinsichtlich des Nutzwertes seiner Intentionsrealisierung. Auf dieser Grundlage wird das weitere Verhalten im Shop geplant und entschieden. Die zur Bestimmung der formalen und inhaltlichen Nutzenwerte durchgeführte Studie zeichnet sich methodisch durch den Rückgriff auf die Conjointanalyse als dekompositionellen Ansatz der Präferenzmessung aus. Der Einsatz der Conjointanalyse als Verfahren zur Beurteilung von Websites ist ein bislang vernachlässigter, aber den kompositionellen Verfahren vermeintlich überlegener Ansatz. Der Beitrag präsentiert zum einen die Nutzenwerte und relativen Wichtigkeiten zentraler formaler und inhaltlicher Websitemerkmale aus Kundensicht, zeigt aber auch erste Erfahrungswerte für den Einsatz der Conjointanalyse zur Beurteilung von Websites auf.
Unterstützung von Anlagenplanung durch einen kooperativen Planungstisch (Supporting Co-operative Plant Design: The Planners´ Table)
Authors: Nett B. , Becks A. , Stork A. , Ritter A. , Herbst I. , Durissini M. , Wulf Volker , Jarke Matthias 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Roomware besitzt für kooperative Anlagenplanung ein großes Potential, wenn sie domänenspezifisch gestaltet wird. Sie muss dazu erlauben, gemeinsame Absprachen ohne hohen Bedienungsaufwand für alle Beteiligten verständlich zu visualisieren und zu dokumentieren. Im vorliegenden Papier wird vorgestellt, wie auf der Basis einer empirischen Bedarfsanalyse ein kooperativer Planungstisch für den Bereich der Anlagenplanung entwickelt wird. Es wird dabei gezeigt, wie neuartige Interaktionstechno-logien zur Unterstützung realer Anwendungsszenarien genutzt werden können.
Eine Java-Plattform für Internet Appliances (A Java Platform for Internet Appliances)
Authors: Bauche Volker 
Published: August 2006

Internet goes mobile! Mobile Endgeräte wie PDAs und Mobiltelefone entdecken das Internet und der Bedarf an entsprechenden Applikationen wächst. Um Applikationen für die enorme Gerätevielfalt nutzbar machen zu können, wurde die Microedition von Java2 entwickelt.
Der Beitrag skizziert wesentliche Merkmale der Java2-Microedition und diskutiert ihren Einsatz auf Entwicklerplattformen sowie ihre Implementierung auf mobilen Endgeräten.
Connectivity Coding: New Perspectives for Mesh Compression (Connectivity Coding: Neue Perspektiven für die Kompression von Dreiecksnetzen)
Authors: Gumhold Stefan 
Published: August 2006

Compact encodings of the connectivity of planar triangulations is a very important subject not only in graph theory but also in computer graphics. For triangle meshes used in computer graphics the topologically planar regions dominate by far. New results by Isenburg et al. [6] even show that the connectivity is sufficient to describe shape by itself. Most coding methods for planar triangulations can be extended to manifolds of bounded genus with the same upper and lower bounds on the bit rate.
In 1962 Tutte enumerated the number of different planar triangulations and his results show, that at least 3.245 bits per vertex are necessary to encode the connectivity graph of planar triangulations. In this article we improve the so far best upper bound [5] and show that the connectivity of a planar triangulation can be encoded with less than 3.525 bits per vertex, while ensuring a linear run time for encoding and decoding.
On-line gas chromatographic studies of Rf, Zr, and Hf bromides
Authors: Sylwester E.R. , Gregorich K.E. , Lee D.M. , Kadkhodayan B. , Türler A. , Adams J.L. , Kacher C.D. , Lane M.R. , Laue C. , McGrath C.A. 
Published: August 2006

The Heavy Element Volatility Instrument (HEVI), an on-line isothermal gas chromatography system, has been used to separate the volatile bromide compounds of the group 4 elements Zr and Hf and the transactinide Rf according to their volatilities, and to provide data on the gas phase chemical properties of very short-lived isotopes in amounts as low as a few atoms. For these studies261Rf was produced via the248Cm(18O, 5n) reaction.165-167Hf was produced via the reactionnatEu(19F, xn), and85Zr was produced via thenatCu(28Si, 3p3n) reaction. The half-life for261Rf was measured to be 75±7 seconds.A Monte Carlo code was used to deduce the enthalpy of adsorption (ΔHa) from the observed volatility and parameters of the chromatography system. The resulting adsorption enthalpies for the Zr, Hf, and Rf tetrabromides are: -108±5 kJ · mol-1, -113±5 kJ · mol-1 and -87±7 kJ · mol-1, respectively.Volatilities of the group 4 bromides support the conclusion from previous results for the group 4 chlorides that Rf deviates from the trend expected by simple extrapolation of the properties of its lighter homologs in the periodic table. The group 4 bromides are also observed to be less volatile than their respective chlorides, as predicted by relativistic calculations.
Uranium(VI) complexation with citric, humic and fulvic acids
Authors: Lenhart J.J. , Cabaniss S.E. , MacCarthy P. , Honeyman Bruce D. 
Published: August 2006

The binding of uranium(VI) by Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids was studied at pH values of 4.0 and 5.0 in 0.10 M NaClO4using an ion-exchange technique. Few data sets currently exist for metal binding to different molecular weight fractions from the same source. The complexation of U(VI) by citric acid was also studied under the same experimental conditions in order to "calibrate" the experimental and modeling approaches. For the citric acid system, the experimental results were analyzed using Schubert´s ion-exchange method, which indicated the formation of only a 1:1 uranyl-citrate complex. Close agreement was found for the values of log β1,1(6.69±0.03 at I = 0.10) determined from nonlinear regression of data collected at pH values of 4.0 and 5.0. This value represents a more direct measurement of the binding constant for the 1:1 uranyl-citrate complex than do other existing literature values derived from experimental data requiring the simultaneous consideration of 1:1 and 2:2 species.Both humic and fulvic acids were demonstrated to strongly bind U(VI), with humic acid forming slightly stronger complexes and exhibiting greater pH dependence. Analyses of the data for the humic and fulvic acid systems using the Schubert´s equation previously applied to the citrate system result in an apparent nonintegral number of ligands binding the uranyl ion. Schubert´s method is only appropriate for interpreting mononuclear complexes with integral moles of binding ligands. Thus, a more elaborate binding model was required and the data were interpreted assuming either: (1) a mixture of 1:1 and 1:2 uranyl-ligand complexes or (2) a limited number of high affinity sites forming a 1:1 complex. While both of these modeling approaches are shown to provide excellent fits to the data, the second is deemed more appropriate given the large size of humic and fulvic acid molecules as well as previous results obtained with other metal cations, such as Cu(II).
Sorption study of strontium onto hydrated cement phases using a sequential desorption method
Authors: Iwaida T. , Nagasaki S. , Tanaka S. 
Published: August 2006

We studied the sorption behavior of Sr onto calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H), calcium-aluminate-hydrates ettringite (AFt), monosulphate (AFm), and hydrogarnet (C3AH6) by applying a sequential desorption method. The results showed that:- The distribution coefficients (Kd) of Sr sorption onto C-S-H increased with decreasing Ca/Si ratios of C-S-H. This Kdchange is explained with the zeta potentials of C-S-H at various Ca/Si ratios and with the change of surface functional group,- Sr is sorbed on C-S-H through plural sorption forms. The observation that some Sr is desorbed by EDTA and nitric acid suggests that a replacement of Ca with Sr takes place in the C-S-H structure, and- Sr is structurally incorporated into AFt, AFm, and C3AH6.
The influence of near field hydrogen on actinide solubilities and spent fuel leaching
Authors: Spahiu Kastriot , Werme L. , Eklund U.-B. 
Published: August 2006

Large amounts of hydrogen are produced as a result of the anoxic corrosion of iron in the proposed container materials for some geologic repositories. Another hydrogen source, less important than the anoxic corrosion of iron, is the radiolysis of water by the spent fuel radiation. Gas phase formation occurs when the pressure of the hydrogen equals at least the hydrostatic pressure, around 5 MPa at 500 meters depth. The effects of 5 MPa hydrogen pressure on spent PWR fuel leaching and on uranium oxide solubility have been studied in carbonated solutions at 70 °C. The experiments were performed in a 1 liter autoclave, filled with 950 ml of a solution 10 mM NaCl, 2 mM NaHCO3 and with hydrogen at a pressure of 5 MPa in the remaining 50 ml free volume. The leaching behavior of 2 g PWR spent fuel powder of the 0.25-0.50 mm fraction, placed in a gold basket was studied during several months by analyzing 10 ml solution samples taken after regular time intervals. A few experiments were performed also with unirradiated U(IV) oxide. In both cases extremely low concentrations of uranium (less than 10-9 M were measured in the solution samples. Furthermore the uranium levels in solution remained practically constant during the whole leaching period (more than one year), indicating the absence of any oxidative dissolution of the spent fuel matrix. The same conclusion is confirmed by the constant (within analytical errors) levels of strontium, cesium, molybdenum, iodine and technetium during the whole leaching period. These results have been compared with the ones obtained during the leaching of a spent fuel pin in anoxic conditions, where the uranium and other radionuclides levels are several orders of magnitude higher.
The surface of spent fuel or U(IV) oxide is partially oxidized during storage, giving rise to relatively high levels of U(VI) in solution even during leaching in anoxic conditions. No such effect could be observed in the presence of 5 MPa hydrogen, indicating that this initial amount of U(VI) should have been reduced to U(IV). The experimental study of the influence of various parameters as temperature and pressure is still in progress.
The "age" of plutonium particles
Authors: Wallenius M. , Tamborini G. , Koch L. 
Published: August 2006

Age determination of plutonium particles is a highly important task in view of the pending cut-off treaty for nuclear weapons materials. By collecting particles from the vicinity or inside the nuclear facilities and determining their ages, it is possible to monitor the observance of the cut-off agreement.
In this study, the age determination of Pu particles was demonstrated by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). To determine the ionisation efficiency difference of Pu and U, standard Pu materials with known ages were analysed. Finally, the age determination of two real Pu samples was demonstrated.
Catalytic reduction of pertechnetate (99TcO4
-) insimulated alkaline nuclear wastes
Authors: Bernard J.G. , Bauer Estelle , Richards M.P. , Arterburn J. B. , Chamberlin R.M. 
Published: August 2006

Pertechnetate ion (99TcO4
-, 10-4 M) in alkaline solution is quantitatively reduced to hydrous TcO2 by thermolysis (65 °C, 4 days) in the presence of organic complexants and fission-product noble metals (RuCl3,
RhCl3, and PdCl2; 0.001 M). Over 99% reduction occurs in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethyl(ethylenediaminetriacetic acid) (HEDTA), or glycolic acid valunit{0.050}{M}). Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), oxalic acid, and citric acid provide ≤ 2% reduction. Ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium chlorides also catalyze the reduction of TcO4
- by hydrogen gas. The results are consistent with a two-step process of complexant degradation to generate H2, followed by catalytic reduction of pertechnetate to hydrous TcO2 or soluble technetium complexes. Catalytic reduction is a viable, non-radiolytic route to the formation of non-pertechnetate species of 99Tc in alkaline nuclear wastes, e.g., Hanford tank wastes.
Alternative syntheses of [73,75Se]selenoethers exemplified for homocysteine[73,75Se]selenolactone
Authors: Ermert J. , Blum T. , Hamacher K. , Coenen Heinz H. 
Published: August 2006

The present work describes two radiosynthetic pathways to prepare homocysteine[75Se]selenolactone 1 starting from n.c.a. [75Se]selenite 2. It was achieved either by alkylation reaction of n.c.a. methyl[75Se]selenide 4 or by hydrolysis of alkylated 1,3-dicyclohexyl[75Se]selenourea 11.
N.c.a. methyl[75Se]selenide 4 is available using sulfur as non-isotopic carrier. However, the radiochemical yield of the substitution of 2-tert.-butoxycarbonylamino-4-bromobutyric acid ethylester 5 with n.c.a. methyl-[75Se]selenide is only in the range of 15-20%. Birch reduction of protected n.c.a. [75Se]selenomethionine 6 formed leads to a RCY of 5-10% homocysteine[75Se]selenolactone 1.
Alternatively, the synthesis of homocysteine[75Se]selenolactone 1 is possible by hydrolysis of the corresponding [75Se]selenouronium salt 11 available by addition of 2-tert.-butoxycarbonylamino-4-bromobutyric acid ethylester 5 to 1,3-dicyclohexyl[75Se]selenourea 10. A method was developed for the synthesis of 1,3-dicyclohexyl[75Se]selenourea 10 by addition of c.a. [75Se]SeH2 to 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which leads to 20-30% RCY of c.a. homocysteine[75Se]selenolactone 1.
Absorption of iodine from aqueous solutions on nuclear reactors alloys
Authors: Bayri B. , Rosset R. , El Kacemi K. 
Published: August 2006

Iodide ions I-, molecular iodine I2 and iodate ions IO3
- absorption has been studied on the three alloys which are present, in majority, in french nuclear reactors: Inconel 600, Zircaloy and 304L stainless steel.
Iodide and iodate anions are not absorbed on the three considered alloys and contribute only for a negligible quantity to iodine retention on the nuclear reactors materials. Molecular iodine is absorbed according to:
304 stainless steel < Zircaloy < Inconel 600.
Influence of pH has been studied: absorption increases in acidic medium and decreases in basic medium. Molecular iodine absorption increases with temperature.Phenomenons which occur with iodine during the cold shutdown of a nuclear reactor and during its restart are discussed from the point of vue of iodine volatilization risk.
Plutonium(IV) peroxide formation in nitric medium and kinetics Pu(VI) reduction by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Maillard C. , Adnet J.-M. 
Published: August 2006

Reduction of plutonium (VI) to Pu(IV) with hydrogen peroxide is a step in industrial processes used to purify plutonium nitrate solutions. This operation must be carefully controlled, in order to avoid any formation of the Pu(IV) peroxide green precipitate and to obtain exclusively Pu(IV). This led us to study the acidity and Pu and H2O2 concentrations influenceson the precipitate appearance and to perform a Pu(VI) reduction kinetic study on a wide range of acidities ([HNO3]: 0.5 to 8 M), plutonium concentrations ([Pu(VI)]: 0.1 to 0.8 M) and [H2O2]/[Pu(VI)] ratio (from 1 to 8). Thus, the domain of Pu(IV) peroxide formation and the reactional paths were established.
With the exception of 0.5 M nitric acid medium, the kinetic curves show two distinct regims: the first one corresponds to an induction period where the Pu(VI) concentration doesn´t change, the second corresponds to a linear decrease of Pu(VI). An increase of the temperature greatly accelerates the Pu(VI) reduction rate while [H2O2]/[Pu(VI)] has almost no influence. The Pu(VI) total reduction time decreases when initial concentration of plutonium increases. By increasing nitric acid concentration from 0.5 M to 6 M, the total Pu(VI) reduction time decreases. This time increases when [HNO3] varies from 6 M to 8 M.
Quasicrystal structures studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Beeli Conradin 
Published: August 2006

Structural investigations, using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), have been highly beneficial for the analysis of icosahedral and decagonal quasicrystals. Many structural properties of quasicrystals can be recognized and quantified by electron diffraction patterns alone. Nevertheless, a much more complete understanding of the real structure of quasicrystals can be achieved by the analysis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. Compared to diffraction-based techniques, HRTEM offers several advantages, however, special points which must be considered in the interpretation of HRTEM images will be discussed.
For the case of 2-dimensional quasicrystals, e.g. the decagonal phases, HRTEM images can directly reveal the (projected) atomic structure as well as the long-range translational order. This is possible because 2-dimensional quasicrystals are periodic along one direction and the atoms thus form periodic atom columns as in crystalline materials. Therefore, the imaging theory established for crystals can similarly be applied to electron micrographs of 2-dimensional quasicrystals taken with the electron beam parallel to the unique periodic axis. It is evident, that possible limitations due to projection effects along the electron beam direction have to be considered in the interpretation of the images. HRTEM images of decagonal quasicrystals have frequently been employed to differentiate between disorder and order, i.e., to infer the difference between a random and perfect quasiperiodic tiling, respectively.
The crystal structure of CuNH4PO4 · H2O from X-ray powder diffraction data
Authors: Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Shulga N.V. , Trifonov V.A. 
Published: August 2006

The crystal structure of monoclinic CuNH4PO4 · H2O has been determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The space group is P21/c. The cell dimensions are a=8.6676(1) Å, b=7.5312(4) Å, c=7.4054(4) Å, β=94.508(3)o, Z=4. The structure of CuNH4PO4 · H2O was solved ab initio using EXPO program. The structure refinement has been carried out by FULLPROF package. The final RBraggvalue was 3.4%. The compound has a layered structure. Copper atoms link PO4tetrahedra and water molecules to layers which are parallel with yz plane of unit cell. Ammonium cations are in the interlayer space and couple these layers by N-H···O hydrogen bonds.
Crystal structures of [N(C4H9)4][NbCl4OAlCl3] and [N(C3H7)4][NbCl6]
Authors: Blachnik R. , Stumpf K. , Reuter H. 
Published: August 2006

[N(C4H9)4][NbCl4OAlCl3] 1 crystallized after two months in form of yellow needles in a Schlenk-tube from a CH2Cl2/n-hexane solution containing equimolar amounts of [N(C4H9)4]Cl, NbCl5 and AlCl3. Yellow crystals of [N(C3H7)4][NbCl6] 2 yielded from the reaction of equimolar amounts of [N(C3H7)4]Cl and NbCl5 in the same solvent. The oxygen in 1 indicates a reaction of the educts with traces of water.
Both compounds crystallize in the space group P21/n. (1: a=10.664(1)Å, b=14.177(1)Å, c=19.429(3)Å, β=90.01(1)°, Z=4; 2: a=11.678(2)Å, b=15.581(2)Å, c=11.769(1)Å, β=91.51(2)°, Z=4). 1 is characterized by [N(C4H9)4]+ cations and [NbCl4OAlCl3] units which are linked by chlorine bridges to dimeric anions. [NbCl4OAlCl3]- has a nearly linear Nb-O-Al bridge (bond angles 178.9(3)°) with a Nb-O bond length of 1.769(4) Å and a Al-O bond length of 1.771(5) Å. The structure of 2 contains [N(C3H7)4]+ cations and [NbCl6]- anions.
The crystal structure of Cu2.31TeS0.32 - a condensed cluster compound
Authors: Makovicky E. , Sotofte I. , Karup-Moller S. 
Published: August 2006

The crystal structure of Cu2.31TeS0.32, a sulfur-poor member of the solid solution series Cu61.3Te18.3S20.5 - Cu61.9Te35.7S2.36 prepared at 675°C, was determined and refined from single-crystal diffractometer X-ray data (R = 0.044). The quenched statistical cubic structure (a = 14.836(4)Å, space group F4132) consists at room temperature of two interpenetrating tetrahedral frameworks of icosahedral tellurium cages which enclose icosahedral clusters of half-occupied Cu positions centred by additional, fully occupied central copper sites. In one subset, statistically occupied sulfur tetrahedra occur in the tellurium cages, centred on this central Cu site.
The Cu2.31TeS0.32 structure is a stuffed derivative of Cr3Si (structure type A13) and shows affinities to the structures of Cu9.1TeSb3, the Ag8GeTe6 family and some metal clusters, especially [Cu26Se13(PEt2Ph)14] and [Au13Cl2(PMe2Ph)10].