bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin, the Creation of Obesity Gene and its task in Pregnancy
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Hussain Md Zahid , Jahan Sultana 
Published: January 2009

Leptin is a protein encoded by the âob' gene. Leptin is primarily produced by adipocytes and its primary physiologic function is to suppress body fat. Obese individuals have high serum leptin levels and obesity is a leptin resistant state. There are evidences that leptin levels are higher in pregnant women compared to non pregnant women. Leptin levels increase as pregnancy advances and at term, approximate those found in obese adults. There is speculation that leptin is synthesized in placenta in addition to adipose tissue mass. Leptin may have a permissive, indirect role in regulation of fetal growth. Key Words: Leptin, Adipose tissue, Placenta, Fetus, Growth Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1803 Â J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):79-84.
Simultaneous Estimation of Naproxen and Ranitidine HCl by Using UV Spectrophotometer
Authors: Haque Tasnuva , Talukder Md Mesbah Uddin , Laila Susmita , Fatema Kanij , Kabir Abdul Kalam Lutful 
Published: January 2009

The development of a UV Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Ranitidine HCl and Naproxen involves absorbance measurement of Ranitidine HCl at 313 nm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 314 nm in both 0.1N HCl and in water and that of Naproxen at 229 nm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 232 nm in both 0.1N HCl and in water corresponding to the respective absorption maxima. Both the drugs obey Beer- Lambert's law in the range of 5-25 Î¼g/ml for Ranitidine HCl and 0.2-1.25 Î¼g/ml for Naproxen. The method developed was validated to determine its linearity, precision, reproducibility and sensitivity. The tablet formulations were evaluated for the percent content of both the drugs at the selected wavelengths and the percent potency were 98.83 and 99.15 for Naproxen and Ranitidine HCl respectively. Key words: Naproxen, Ranitidine HCl, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, marketed products.doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1781 Â S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 18-24
Rapid Method for Species-Specific Identification and Determination of Toxigenicity of <i>Vibrio Cholerae</i> from Natural Aquatic Environment
Authors: Chakraborty Bidhan , Zaman Khadiza , Rahman Md Majibur 
Published: January 2009

Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. It is generally accepted that seven distinct pandemics of cholera have occurred since the onset of the first pandemic in 1817. Again Vibrio cholerae is capable of surviving in aquatic environments for extended periods and is considered as autochthonous species in estuarine and brackish waters. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate V. cholerae from natural environmental samples subsequently identified by conventional and molecular biological techniques. A total number of 10 isolates were included randomly in this study based on their initial identification. The serotypes of the isolates were determined by serological test (slide agglutination) and the number of serotypes O1, O139 and non-O1/O139 were 3, 2 and 5 respectively which were reconfirmed by PCR method. Finally, the toxigenicity of the isolates was analyzed by multiplex PCR method and five (5) isolates were found to contain the ctx gene, the major virulence factor of V. cholerae. Key Words: Vibrio cholerae, Simplex PCR, Multiplex PCR, Serotypes, Toxigenicity. Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1811 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 69-75
Clinician Burnout and Effectiveness of Guideline-Recommended Psychotherapies
Authors: Sayer Nina A. , Kaplan Adam , Nelson David B. , Wiltsey Stirman Shannon , Rosen Craig S. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceClinician burnout has been associated with clinician outcomes, but the association with patient outcomes remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between clinician burnout and the outcomes of patients receiving of guideline-recommended trauma-focused psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was set at the US Veterans Affairs Health Care System and included licensed therapists who provided trauma-focused psychotherapies and responded to an online survey between May 2 and October 8, 2019, and their patients who initiated a trauma-focused therapy during the following year. Patient data were collected through December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from May to September 2023.ExposuresTherapists completing the survey reported burnout with a 5-point validated measure taken from the Physician Worklife Study. Burnout was defined as scores of 3 or more.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was patients’ clinically meaningful improvement in PTSD symptoms according to the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). Patient dropout, therapist adherence, and session spacing was assessed through electronic health records. Multivariable random-effects logistic regression examined the association of therapist burnout and clinically meaningful improvement, adjusted for case-mix.ResultsIn this study, 165 of 180 (91.7%) therapists (89 [53.9%] female) completed the burnout measure and provided trauma-focused psychotherapies to 1268 patients (961 [75.8%] male) with outcome data. Fifty-eight (35.2%) therapists endorsed burnout. One third of patients (431 [34.0%]) met criterion for clinically meaningful improvement. Clinically meaningful improvement in PTSD symptoms was experienced by 120 (28.3%) of the 424 patients seen by therapists who reported burnout and 311 (36.8%) of the 844 patients seen by therapists without burnout. Burnout was associated with lower odds of clinically meaningful improvement (adjusted odds ratio [OR],0.63; 95% CI, 0.48-0.85). The odds of clinically meaningful improvement were reduced for patients who dropped out (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.11-0.20) and had greater session spacing (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92). Therapist adherence was not associated with therapy effectiveness. Adjusting for dropout or session spacing did not meaningfully alter the magnitude of the association between burnout and clinically meaningful improvement.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective cohort study, therapist burnout was associated with reduced effectiveness of trauma-focused psychotherapies. Studying when and how burnout affects patient outcomes may inform workplace interventions.
Contribution of tumour and immune cells to PD‐L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer: exploratory analysis from KEYNOTE‐119
Authors: Cortes Javier , Winer Eric P , Lipatov Oleg , Im Seock‐Ah , Gonçalves Anthony , Muñoz‐Couselo Eva , Lee Keun Seok , Schmid Peter , Tamura Kenji , Testa Laura , Witzel Isabell , Ohtani Shoichiro , Hund Stephanie , Kulangara Karina , Karantza Vassiliki , Mejia Jaime A , Ma Junshui , Jelinic Petar , Huang Lingkang , Pruitt Scott K , Emancipator Kenneth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy increased with increasing programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, as quantified by combined positive score (CPS; PD‐L1 expression on both tumour cells and immune cells) in patients with previously treated metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) in the phase 3 KEYNOTE‐119 study. This exploratory analysis was conducted to determine whether the expression of PD‐L1 on tumour cells contributes to the predictive value of PD‐L1 CPS in mTNBC. PD‐L1 expression in tumour samples was assessed using PD‐L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx and quantified using both CPS and tumour proportion score (TPS; PD‐L1 expression on tumour cells alone). Calculated immune cell density (CID) was defined as CPS minus TPS. The ability of each scoring method (CPS, TPS, and CID) to predict clinical outcomes with pembrolizumab was evaluated. With pembrolizumab, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.58–0.80) for CPS, 0.55 (95% CI = 0.46–0.64) for TPS, and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.56–0.77) for CID. After correction for cutoff prevalence, CPS performed as well as, if not better than, CID with respect to predicting objective response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival. Data from this exploratory analysis suggest that, although PD‐L1 expression on immune cells alone is predictive of response to programmed death 1 blockade in mTNBC, adding tumour PD‐L1 expression assessment (i.e. CPS, which combines immune cell and tumour cell PD‐L1 expression) may improve prediction. PD‐L1 CPS thus remains an effective and broadly applicable uniform scoring system for enriching response to programmed death 1 blockade with pembrolizumab in mTNBC as well as other tumour types.
Durable Perovskite Solar Cells with 24.5% Average Efficiency: The Role of Rigid Conjugated Core in Molecular Semiconductors
Authors: Ren Ming , Fang Lingyi , Zhang Yuyan , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Yuan Yi , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEfficient and robust n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells necessitate superior organic hole‐transport materials with both mechanical and electronic prowess. Deciphering the structure–property relationship of these materials is crucial for practical perovskite solar cell applications. Through direct arylation, two high glass transition temperature molecular semiconductors, DBC‐ETPA (202 °C) and TPE‐ETPA (180 °C) are synthesized, using dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) and 1,1,2,2‐tetraphenylethene (TPE) tetrabromides with triphenylene–ethylenedioxythiophene‐dimethoxytriphenylamine (ETPA). In comparison to spiro‐OMeTAD, both semiconductors exhibit shallower HOMO energy levels, resulting in increased hole densities (generated by air oxidation doping) and accelerated hole extraction from photoexcited perovskite. Experimental and theoretical studies highlight the more rigid DBC core, enhancing hole mobility due to reduced reorganization energy and lower energy disorder. Importantly, DBC‐ETPA possesses a higher cohesive energy density, leading to lower ion diffusion coefficients and higher Young's moduli. Leveraging these attributes, DBC‐ETPA is employed as the primary hole‐transport layer component, yielding perovskite solar cells with an average efficiency of 24.5%, surpassing spiro‐OMeTAD reference cells (24.0%). Furthermore, DBC‐ETPA‐based cells exhibit superior operational stability and 85 °C thermal storage stability.
Effects of Ultrasound for Bio‐Applications
Authors: Yuan Likai , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltrasound (US), as a non‐invasive mechanical wave, has served as a visual tool for medical diagnosis and therapy for echolocation effect, cavitation effect, thermal effect, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the aid of sonosensitizers. This review summarizes the history, effects, and biomedical applications of US, and US‐assisted cancer therapy is highlighted. The rational combination of US with near‐infrared afterglow nanoparticles, anti‐tumor prodrugs, and stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers, demonstrates the great promise for bioimaging, cancer therapy, and drug delivery, promoting US‐related technology in biomedical diagnosis and therapeutics.
A Generalized Microwave Absorption Criterion of Two‐Port Networks for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sun Qing‐yin , Qin Chu , Zhai Yu‐fei , Yu Hao , Wang Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, the Z11 argument tangent is proposed as a novel criterion for assessing energy loss (absorption) of the reciprocal two‐port networks composed of the shielding material. With a simple mathematical deduction, it can be found that the relationship between the network absorption and the Z11 argument tangent is inverted. The absorption decreases with increasing the Z11 argument tangent, and the Z11 argument is approximately equal to the power factor angle. Additionally, a series of samples are presented to verify their absorptions and the Z11 argument tangents. The numerical simulations on other works are also presented to calculate the Z11 argument tangent and validate the relationship between the Z11 argument tangent and electromagnetic absorption from another side. The experiment and simulation results agree well with that of the mathematical deduction. The findings can be applied in most passive shielding materials and provide a promising approach to guiding and developing absorption‐dominated electromagnetic shielding materials for next‐generation communication applications.
Risk model for morbidity and mortality following liver surgery based on a national Japanese database
Authors: Orimo Tatsuya , Hirakawa Shinya , Taketomi Akinobu , Tachimori Hisateru , Oshikiri Taro , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Shirabe Ken 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimWe evaluated the morbidity and mortality associated with liver surgery in Japan and developed a risk model for liver resection using information from a national database.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 73 861 Japanese patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2014 and 2019, using information from the National Clinical Database (NCD) registrations. The primary endpoints were 30 days and in‐hospital mortality, and the secondary endpoints were postoperative complications. Logistic regression risk models for postoperative morbidity and mortality after hepatectomy were constructed based on preoperative clinical parameters and types of liver resection, and validated using a bootstrapping method.ResultsThe 30‐day and in‐hospital mortality rates were 0.9% and 1.7%, respectively. Trisectionectomy, hepatectomy for gallbladder cancer, hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, and poor activities of daily living were statistically significant risk factors with high odds ratios for both postoperative morbidity and mortality. Internal validations indicated that the c‐indices for 30‐day and in‐hospital mortality were 0.824 and 0.839, respectively.ConclusionsWe developed a risk model for liver resection by using a national surgical database that can predict morbidity and mortality based on preoperative factors.
Novel germline JAK2R715T mutation causing PV‐like erythrocytosis in 3 generations. Amelioration by Ropeg‐Interferon
Authors: Song Jihyun , Lanikova Lucie , Kim Soo Jin , Papadopoulos Nicolas , Meznarich Jessica , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Parsegov Brynn , Prchal Jaroslav F. , Prchal Josef T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal disorder arising from the acquired somatic mutations of the JAK2 gene, including JAK2V617F or several others in exon 12. A 38‐year‐old female had a stroke at age 32 and found to have elevated hemoglobin, normal leukocytes, normal platelets, and tested negative for JAK2V617F and exon 12 mutations. Next generation sequencing revealed a novel mutation: JAK2R715T in the pseudokinase domain (JH2) at 47.5%. Its presence in her nail DNA confirmed a germline origin. Her mother and her son similarly had erythrocytosis and a JAK2R715T mutation. Computer modeling indicated gain‐of‐function JAK2 activity. The propositus and her mother had polyclonal myelopoiesis, ruling out another somatic mutation‐derived clonal hematopoiesis. Some erythroid progenitors of all three generations grew without erythropoietin, a hallmark of PV. The in vitro reporter assay confirmed increased activity of the JAK2R715T kinase. Similar to PV, the JAK2R715T native cells have increased STAT5 phosphorylation, augmented transcripts of prothrombotic and inflammatory genes, and decreased KLF2 transcripts. The propositus was not controlled by hydroxyurea, and JAK2 inhibitors were not tolerated; however, Ropeginterferon‐alfa‐2b (Ropeg‐IFN‐α) induced a remission. Ropeg‐IFN‐α treatment also reduced JAK2 activity in the propositus, her mother and JAK2V617F PV subjects. We report dominantly inherited erythrocytosis secondary to a novel germline JAK2R715T gain‐of‐function mutation with many but not all comparable molecular features to JAK2V617F PV. We also document a previously unreported inhibitory mechanism of JAK2 signaling by Ropeg‐IFN‐α.
A Dicopper(II)‐Based Carbonic Anhydrase Model—Quantum‐Chemical Evaluation of the Mechanistic Pathway
Authors: Velmurugan Gunasekaran , Baur Philipp , Comba Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni, an obligate symbiont of different species of colonial ascidians, occurring in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, produces a variety of cyclic peptides. These patellamide‐type macrocycles lead to relatively stable dicopper(II) complexes that are extremely efficient carbonic anhydrase mimics, the most active model systems known so far. Importantly, it recently was shown that copper(II) is coordinated to patellamide derivatives in Prochloron cells. An interesting question therefore is, whether the biological function of patellamide‐type macrocycles is related to the catalytic activity in CO2 hydration or its reverse. Here, we present a computational study to evaluate the energetics of the catalytic cycle in search of a possible answer to these questions and compare the computed energy barriers with the experimental kinetic data. It emerges that release of the bridging carbonate is a critical step and that the catalysis product inhibits catalysis at pH values above approx. 7. Therefore, carbonate transport rather than CO2 hydrolysis is proposed as the biological function of copper(II)‐patellamide complexes in the Prochloron‐Ascidian symbiosis.
Merging High‐Pressure Syngas Metal Catalysis and Biocatalysis in Tandem One‐Pot Processes for the Synthesis of Nonchiral and Chiral Alcohols from Alkenes in Water
Authors: Bork Hannah , Naße Kim E. , Vorholt Andreas J. , Gröger Harald 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile simultaneously proceeding reactions are among the most fascinating features of biosynthesis, this concept of tandem processes also offers high potential in the chemical industry in terms of less waste production and improved process efficiency and sustainability. Although examples of one‐pot chemoenzymatic syntheses exist, the combination of completely different reaction types is rare. Herein, we demonstrate that extreme “antipodes” of the “worlds of catalysis”, such as syngas‐based high‐pressure hydroformylation and biocatalyzed reduction, can be combined within a tandem‐type one‐pot process in water. No significant deactivation was found for either the biocatalyst or the chemocatalyst. A proof‐of‐concept for the one‐pot process starting from 1‐octene was established with >99 % conversion and 80 % isolated yield of the desired alcohol isomers. All necessary components for hydroformylation and biocatalysis were added to the reactor from the beginning. This concept has been extended to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral products by conducting the hydroformylation of styrene and an enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution in a tandem mode, leading to an excellent conversion of >99 % and an enantiomeric ratio of 91 : 9 for (S)‐2‐phenylpropanol. The overall process runs in water under mild and energy‐saving conditions, without any need for intermediate isolation.
Site‐Selective Radical Aromatic C−H Functionalization of Alloxazine and Flavin through Ground‐State Single Electron Transfer
Authors: Das Agnideep , Charpentier Oscar , Hessin Cheriehan , Schleinitz Jules , Pianca David , Le Breton Nolwenn , Choua Sylvie , Grimaud Laurence , Gourlaouen Christophe , Desage‐El Murr Marine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlavins and their alloxazine isomers are key chemical scaffolds for bioinspired electron transfer strategies. Their properties can be fine‐tuned by functional groups, which must be introduced at an early stage of the synthesis as their aromatic ring is inert towards post‐functionalization. We show that the introduction of a remote metal‐binding redox site on alloxazine and flavin activates their aromatic ring towards direct C−H functionalization. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a synthetic sequence involving ground‐state single electron transfer (SET) with an electrophilic source followed by radical‐radical coupling. This unprecedented reactivity opens new opportunities in molecular editing of flavins by direct aromatic post‐functionalization and the utility of the method is demonstrated with the site‐selective C6 functionalization of alloxazine and flavin with a CF3 group, Br or Cl, that can be further elaborated into OH and aryl for chemical diversification.
Bioproduct advances: insight into failure factors in mycelium composite fabrication
Authors: Shakir Mohammad Aliff , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the evolving field of bioproducts, materials that synergize sustainability with functionality are of paramount importance. Mycelium composites, derived from intricate networks of fungal filaments, are gaining traction as innovative bioproducts that offer a compelling blend of eco‐friendliness, renewability, and adaptability. As the quest intensifies for alternatives that can mitigate the environmental toll of conventional products, mycelium‐based solutions are emerging as beacons on the sustainable bioproducts horizon. Their transition from niche innovations to mainstream applications depends on their ability to overcome a series of fabrication challenges. This review paper investigates the critical challenges faced in the fabrication of mycelium composite. It examines rigorously some essential factors leading to fabrication failure, such as contamination, inconsistent growth, insufficient moisture, inappropriate pH, and improper substrate preparation. The review offers a comprehensive analysis of each factor influencing mycelium growth and the resulting composite properties, with an emphasis on preventative and mitigating strategies. Through an in‐depth exploration of case studies detailing unsuccessful mycelium composite fabrication, the significance of understanding these failure factors is emphasized. The paper culminates in a forward‐thinking discourse on potential strategies for refining fabrication processes, and identifies promising research areas poised to enhance both the success rate and overall efficiency of mycelium composite production.