bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the antilipolytic effects of an A1adenosine receptor partial agonist in normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Dhalla A. K. , Santikul M. , Chisholm J. W. , Belardinelli L. , Reaven G. M. 
Published: May 2008

Introduction and Aims: Elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2DM). Antilipolytic agents that reduce FFA concentrations may be potentially useful in the treatment of 2DM. Our previous observation that CVT‐3619 lowered plasma FFA and triglyceride concentrations in rats and enhanced insulin sensitivity in rodents with dietary‐induced forms of insulin resistance suggested that it might be of use in the treatment of patients with 2DM. The present study was undertaken to compare the antilipolytic effects of CVT‐3619 in normal (Sprague Dawley, SD) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats.Results: ZDF rats had significantly higher fat pad weight, glucose, insulin and FFA concentrations than those of SD rats. EC50values for forskolin‐stimulated FFA release from isolated adipocytes from SD and ZDF rats were 750 and 53 nM, respectively (p < 0.05). Maximal forskolin stimulation of FFA release was significantly (p < 0.01) less in ZDF rats (133 ± 60 μM) compared with SD rats (332 ± 38 μM). EC50values for isoproterenol to increase lipolysis in adipocytes from SD and ZDF rats were 2 and 7 nM respectively. Maximal isoproterenol‐stimulated lipolysis was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in adipocytes from ZDF rats (179 ± 23 μM) compared with SD rats (343 ± 27 μM). Insulin inhibited lipolysis in adipocytes from SD rats with an IC50value of 30 pM, whereas adipocytes from ZDF rats were resistant to the antilipolytic actions of insulin. In contrast, IC50values for CVT‐3619 to inhibit the release of FFA from SD and ZDF adipocytes were essentially the same (63 and 123 nM respectively). CVT‐3619 inhibited lipolysis more than insulin in both SD (86 vs. 46%, p < 0.001) and ZDF (80 vs. 13%, p < 0.001) adipocytes. Inin vivoexperiments, CVT‐3619 (5 mg/kg, PO) lowered FFA to a similar extent in both groups. Plasma concentrations of CVT‐3619 were not different in SD and ZDF rats. There was no significant difference in the messenger RNA expression of the A1receptors relative to β‐actin expression in adipocytes from SD (0.98 ± 0.2) and ZDF rats (0.99 ± 0.3).Conclusion: The antilipolytic effects of CVT‐3619 appear to be independent of insulin resistance and animal model.
Biphasic insulin aspart 30 treatment improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting: Chinese PRESENT study
Authors: Gao Y. , Guo X. H. , Vaz J. A. ,   PRESENT Study Group
Published: May 2008

Aim:  PRESENT (Physicians’ Routine Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of NovoMix® 30 Therapy) is the largest, multinational, open‐labelled, uncontrolled and completed observational study of the efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) treatment in clinical practice. We present results of 3 months of treatment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were inadequately controlled on current treatment.Methods:  Patients received BIAsp 30 treatment with or without oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Patients were categorized according to their treatment prior to entering the study: drug‐naive (n = 3697), OAD (n = 4754), insulin (n = 2392) or OAD + insulin (n = 817).Results:  At 3 months, significant reductions from baseline were observed in the mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (−2.24 ± 1.67, −2.04 ± 1.57, −1.82 ± 1.49 and −1.86 ± 1.61%), fasting plasma glucose (−3.93 ± 3.12, −3.51 ± 2.55, −2.99 ± 2.93 and −3.38 ± 3.16 mmol/l) and postprandial plasma glucose (−7.09 ± 4.92, −6.51 ± 4.02, −5.20 ± 4.31 and −5.50 ± 4.32 mmol/l) in the drug‐naive, OAD, insulin and insulin + OAD groups respectively (p < 0.001). The proportions of patients in each group achieving target HbA1c of less than 7% were higher at 3 months (49.5, 51.8, 51.0 and 48.3%) compared with baseline (3.2, 4.2, 7.1 and 8.3%). The rates of hypoglycaemic episodes (events per patient‐year) were lower at the end of the study in all the groups compared with baseline. Hypoglycaemic episodes were mostly minor and diurnal in nature. A total of 151 adverse drug reactions were reported, of which five were serious adverse drug reaction (SADRs). These SADRs were all symptoms of local hypersensitivity.Conclusions:  The use of BIAsp 30 monotherapy or in combination with OADs in clinical practice was efficacious and safe in Chinese patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
All‐cause mortality risk predictors in a preventive cardiology clinic cohort‐examining diabetes and individual metabolic syndrome criteria: a PRECIS database study
Authors: Doshi K. B. , Kashyap S. R. , Brennan D. M. , Hoar B. M. , Cho L. , Hoogwerf B. J. 
Published: May 2008

Aim:  It is unclear if metabolic syndrome (MS) is equal to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality, and its prognostic value compared to Framingham risk model is controversial. We assessed mortality, CVD risk and prevalence in patients with DM and those without DM who met National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP‐ATP III) MS criteria compared to patients without DM or MS. We analysed which component(s) of NCEP MS criteria had greatest predictive value for mortality.Methods:  Retrospective cohort analysis of 1189 DM, 1241 MS (fasting glucose < 126 mg/dl and ≥3 components NCEP‐ATP III criteria) and 3023 non‐DM/non‐MS patients presented for baseline visit to Preventive Cardiology clinic between 1995 and 2006, whose subsequent vital status was determined for a median of 5.2 years. The association with mortality was determined by Cox proportional hazards models. The incremental predictive value of MS components was performed by concordance indexes.Results and conclusion:  DM group had highest mortality and CVD prevalence vs. MS and non‐DM/non‐MS groups respectively (all p ≤ 0.001). Patients with MS criteria had increased CVD prevalence and 1.5‐fold increased mortality vs. non‐DM/non‐MS group (all p < 0.02). In NCEP MS criteria, only fasting glucose significantly predicted mortality in MS group (p = 0.05). MS criteria predicted CVD prevalence in a parallel manner to Framingham risk score assessment. In a cohort of patients at high risk for CVD whose risk factors are being treated, presence of diabetes in addition to plasma glucose within NCEP MS criteria strongly predicts all‐cause mortality.
An evidence‐based definition of lifelong premature ejaculation: report of the International Society for Sexual Medicine Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of Premature Ejaculation
Authors: McMahon Chris G. , Althof Stanley , Waldinger Marcel D. , Porst Hartmut , Dean John , Sharlip Ira , Adaikan P.G. , Becher Edgardo , Broderick Gregory A. , Buvat Jacques , Dabees Khalid , Giraldi Annamaria , Giuliano François , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Incrocci Luca , Laan Ellen , Meuleman Eric , Perelman Michael A. , Rosen Raymond , Rowland David , Segraves Robert 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVETo develop a contemporary, evidence‐based definition of premature ejaculation (PE).METHODSThere are several definitions of PE; the most commonly quoted, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 4th Edition – Text Revision, and other definitions of PE, are all authority‐based rather than evidence‐based, and have no support from controlled clinical and/or epidemiological studies. Thus in August 2007, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) appointed several international experts in PE to an Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of PE. The committee met in Amsterdam in October 2007 to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of current definitions of PE, to critically assess the evidence in support of the constructs of ejaculatory latency, ejaculatory control, sexual satisfaction and personal/interpersonal distress, and to propose a new evidence‐based definition of PE.RESULTSThe Committee unanimously agreed that the constructs which are necessary to define PE are rapidity of ejaculation, perceived self‐efficacy, and control and negative personal consequences from PE. The Committee proposed thatlifelong PE be defined as a male sexual dysfunction characterized by ejaculation which always or nearly always occurs before or within about one minute of vaginal penetration, and the inability to delay ejaculation on all or nearly all vaginal penetrations, and negative personal consequences, such as distress, bother, frustration and/or the avoidance of sexual intimacy. This definition is limited to men with lifelong PE who engage in vaginal intercourse. The panel concluded that there are insufficient published objective data to propose an evidence‐based definition of acquired PE.CONCLUSIONThe ISSM definition of lifelong PE represents the first evidence‐based definition of PE. This definition will hopefully lead to the development of new tools and patient‐reported outcome measures for diagnosing and assessing the efficacy of treatment interventions, and encourage ongoing research into the true prevalence of this disorder, and the efficacy of new pharmacological and psychological treatments.
Nickel earlobe dermatitis and clinical non‐relevance of the oral exposure
Authors: Di Berardino F , Alpini D , Cesarani A 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective  Nickel is the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Because nickel restriction is commonly imposed on many patients with the only earlobe ACD to nickel hypersensitivity, the aim of this study was to identify the role of occasional and extended oral nickel exposure in these patients.Design  This is a case–control studySubjects  Thirty‐four outpatients, previously diagnosed as monosensitized to nickel, suffering from earlobe dermatitis were enrolled; 11 of them showed active dermatitis. The control group consisted of six healthy (non‐nickel‐sensitive) subjects.Interventions  High oral nickel challenge (20 mg) and protracted oral challenge (1 mg once a day). Observation period: 6 weeks.Results  Clinical earlobe lesions were not affected by a high oral nickel intake nor by a protracted oral challenge.Conclusions  Dietary nickel restriction seems to be useless in patients with earlobe ACD due to nickel hypersensitivity.
Sensory clusters of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: differences in affective symptoms
Authors: Ben‐Sasson A. , Cermak S.A. , Orsmond G.I. , Tager‐Flusberg H. , Kadlec M.B. , Carter A.S. 
Published: May 2008

Background:  Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) show variability in their sensory behaviors. In this study we identified clusters of toddlers with ASDs who shared sensory profiles and examined differences in affective symptoms across these clusters.Method:  Using cluster analysis 170 toddlers with ASDs were grouped based on parent rating of the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile (Dunn, 2002) under‐responsivity, over‐responsivity, and seeking scales. Affective symptoms were evaluated with the Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (Carter & Briggs‐Gowan, 2005).Results:  Three clusters were identified: (1) low frequency of sensory symptoms (n = 44); (2) high frequency of symptoms (n = 49); and (3) mixed (n = 77); high frequency of under‐and over‐responsivity and low frequency of seeking). Relative to the low frequency cluster, parents rated toddlers in the high frequency and mixed clusters (both characterized by high frequencies of sensory under‐ and over‐responsivity) as higher on negative emotionality, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Sensory and affective differences among clusters remained after co‐varying severity of ASD symptoms.Conclusions:  Interdisciplinary assessments are recommended for toddlers with ASDs in order to identify the interplay of sensory and affective symptoms.
Can late summer Landsat data be used for locating Asian migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratoria, oviposition sites in the Amudarya River delta, Uzbekistan?
Authors: Sivanpillai Ramesh , Latchininsky Alexandre V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractExisting survey methods for assessing the Asian migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), infestation risk in the Amudarya River delta, Uzbekistan, are largely constrained by economic resources and site accessibility. The surveys are restricted to a few easily accessible areas, which leads to a misinterpretation of the threat of locust infestation. This often results in indiscriminate blanket treatments of vast areas of wetlands with broad‐spectrum insecticides, which may adversely impact non‐target fauna and flora. In order to minimize the bias during surveys, one approach would be to allocate the sampling locations based on the distribution of the primary food and shelter plant of the locusts, the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (Poaceae). In this study, we evaluated the utility of satellite‐based remotely sensed data (Landsat TM) acquired in August 2006 to characterize reed distribution in the delta and identify potential locust oviposition sites. The overall accuracy of the Landsat data to map land cover classes in the delta was 84%. The Landsat TM data identified 90% of the reeds, but it was less useful in identifying areas where other vegetations (shrubs and grasses) were mixed with reeds. During the following summer field survey in June 2007, we identified 37 sites that were infested with early‐instar locusts. The low migration capacity of young nymphs in dense reed vegetation allowed us to presume that these sites were used for oviposition in the previous summer. Twenty‐eight (74%) of these 37 sites had reeds in the previous year. Results from these studies demonstrate that reed distribution maps derived from satellite data could be used for targeting locust egg‐pod survey locations, in order to minimize sampling bias while predicting locust infestation risks for the following season.
Ovipositional preferences and larval performances of two populations of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Sambaraju Kishan R. , Phillips Thomas W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOviposition decisions by female insects can determine the survival and fitness of their offspring. In this study, we assessed the larval performance and adult oviposition preferences of two populations of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), one a long‐term laboratory colony and another recently collected from the field. Development assays on a variety of foods were conducted on individual larvae in small shell vials, and data were collected for survival (percent), development time (days), and adult weight (mg). Larvae from both populations did not survive on ground walnut, pecan, coriander, and fennel. There were significant differences in larval survival on laboratory diet, chick pea, and soybean between the two populations. Development times were the longest on prunes and barley. Mean adult weights were the highest on chick pea, laboratory diet, and soybean for the laboratory moths whereas soybean and chick pea were very suitable for the field moths. Overall, field moths weighed significantly less than the laboratory moths. Adult ovipositional preferences were assessed in no‐choice and four‐choice oviposition bioassays in plastic boxes containing diets differing in quality. In a no‐choice situation, the numbers of eggs laid by laboratory moths on soybean, apricots, and wheat were not significantly different. Field moths laid significantly greater numbers of eggs on soybean, and those numbers were similar to those laid on barley. In four‐choice bioassays, laboratory moths oviposited in diets previously determined to be unsuitable for their progeny survival. Field moths were more selective and laid significantly greater numbers of eggs on soybean than in dishes containing barley, coriander, or an empty dish. Our studies clearly showed that laboratory colonization of Plodia interpunctella for long periods can alter the behavioral patterns of immatures and adults.
Host plant diversity of Sesamia calamistis: cytochrome b gene sequences reveal local genetic differentiation
Authors: Ong’amo G. O. , Le Rü B. P. , Moyal P. , Calatayud P.‐A. , Le Gall P. , Ogol C. K. P. O. , Kokwaro E. D. , Capdevielle‐Dulac C. , Silvain J.‐F. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the indigenous stem borer pests associated with maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (both Poaceae) in Africa. Its pest status varies across the continent and this has been attributed to variation in diet breadth and ecological preferences among populations. Its larvae were found on 12 plant species during a study initiated at four sites (Muhaka, Mtito Andei, Kakamega, and Suam) in Kenya to estimate its diet breadth and genetic population structure. Ten of the infested plant species belonged to the family Poaceae [Echinochloa haploclada (Stapf) Stapf, Eleusine corocana L., Eleusine jaegeri Pilg., Panicum deustum Thunb, Panicum maximum Jacquin, Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher, Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., Sorghum arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf, S. bicolor, and Z. mays]; the other two were Cyperaceae: Cyperus distans L. and Cyperus dives Delile. Combined with collections from other African countries (Uganda, South Africa, Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo), comparisons of partial cytochrome b sequences revealed the presence of 68 haplotypes that differentiated into clades I and II. In Kenya, the two clades colonized different regions, except in Mtito Andei where they co‐existed. Individuals from Mtito Andei could be separated based on their host plants: clade I with 14 haplotypes was found mainly on maize (78.6%), whereas clade II with 10 haplotypes was found mainly among wild host plants (63.6%). Detection of divergence among these clades with cytochrome b suggests that their evolutionary separation may have taken place about one million years ago. This article discusses the potential implication of this differentiation for the management of S. calamistis as a pest of maize and sorghum in Africa.
Brevinin‐2R1 semi‐selectively kills cancer cells by a distinct mechanism, which involves the lysosomal‐mitochondrial death pathway
Authors: Ghavami Saeid , Asoodeh Ahmad , Klonisch Thomas , Halayko Andrew J. , Kadkhoda Kamran , Kroczak Tadeusz J. , Gibson Spencer B. , Booy Evan P. , Naderi‐Manesh Hossein , Los Marek 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBrevinin‐2R is a novel non‐hemolytic defensin that was isolated from the skin of the frog Rana ridibunda. It exhibits preferential cytotoxicity towards malignant cells, including Jurkat (T‐cell leukemia), BJAB (B‐cell lymphoma), HT29/219, SW742 (colon carcinomas), L929 (fibrosarcoma), MCF‐7 (breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung carcinoma), as compared to primary cells including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), T cells and human lung fibroblasts. Jurkat and MCF‐7 cells overexpressing Bcl2, and L929 and MCF‐7 over‐expressing a dominant‐negative mutant of a pro‐apoptotic BNIP3 (ΔTM‐BNIP3) were largely resistant towards Brevinin‐2R treatment. The decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), or total cellular ATP levels, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but not caspase activation or the release of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) or endonuclease G (Endo G), were early indicators of Brevinin‐2R‐triggered death. Brevinin‐2R interacts with both early and late endosomes. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization inhibitors and inhibitors of cathepsin‐B and cathepsin‐L prevented Brevinin‐2R‐induced cell death. Autophagosomes have been detected upon Brevinin‐2R treatment. Our results show that Brevinin‐2R activates the lysosomalmitochondrial death pathway, and involves autophagy‐like cell death.
Mechanisms of the lysophosphatidic acid‐induced increase in [Ca2+]iin skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Xu Yan‐Jun , Tappia Paramjit S. , Goyal Ramesh K. , Dhalla Naranjan S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to increase intracellularfree calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in different cell types, the effect of LPA on the skeletal muscle cells is not known. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the effect of LPA on the [Ca2+]iin C2C12 cells. LPA induced a concentration and time dependent increase in [Ca2+]i, which was inhibited by VPC12249, VPC 32183 and dioctanoyl glycerol pyrophosphate, LPA1/3 receptor antagonists. Pertussis toxin, a Giprotein inhibitor, also inhibited the LPA‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activities with tyrphostin A9 and genistein also prevented the increase in [Ca2+]idue to LPA. Likewise, wortmannin and LY 294002, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) inhibitors, inhibited [Ca2+]iresponse to LPA. The LPA effect was also attenuated by ethylene glycolbis(β‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA), an extracellular Ca2+chelator, Ni2+and KB‐R7943, inhibitors of the Na+‐Ca2+exchanger; the receptor operated Ca2+channel (ROC) blockers, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and SK&F 96365. However, the L‐type Ca2+channel blockers, verapamil and diltiazem; the store operated Ca2+channel blockers, La3+and Gd3+; a sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump inhibitor, thapsigargin; an inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonist, xestospongin and a phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122, did not prevent the increase [Ca2+]idue to LPA. Our data suggest that the LPA‐induced increase in [Ca2+]imight occur through Gi‐protein coupled LPA1/3receptors that may be linked to tyrosine kinase and PI3‐K, and may also involve the Na+‐Ca2+exchanger as well as the ROC. In addition, LPA stimulated C2C12 cell proliferationviaPI3‐K. Thus, LPA may be an important phospholipid in the regulation of [Ca2+]iand growth of skeletal muscle cells.
Functional effects of caloxin 1c2, a novel engineered selective inhibitor of plasma membrane Ca2+‐pump isoform 4, on coronary artery
Authors: Pande Jyoti , Szewczyk Magdalena M. , Kuszczak Iwona , Grover Shawn , Escher E. , Grover Ashok K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCoronary artery smooth muscle expresses the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump (PMCA) isoforms PMCA4 and PMCA1. We previously reported the peptide inhibitor caloxin 1b1 that was obtained by using extracellular domain 1 of PMCA4 as the target (Am J Physiol Cell.290 [2006] C1341). To engineer inhibitors with greater affinity and isoform selectivity, we have now created a phage display library of caloxin 1b1‐like peptides. We screened this library by affinity chromatography with PMCA from erythrocyte ghosts that contain mainly PMCA4 to obtain caloxin 1c2. Key properties of caloxin 1c2 are (a) Ki = 2.3 ± 0.3 μM which corresponds to a 20× higher affinity for PMCA4 than that of caloxin 1b1 and (b) it is selective for PMCA4 since it has greater than 10‐fold affinity for PMCA4 than for PMCA1, 2 or 3. It had the following functional effects on coronary artery smooth muscle: (a) it increased basal tone of the de‐endothelialized arteries; the increase being similar at 10, 20 or 50 μM, and (b) it enhanced the increase in the force of contraction at 0.05 but not at 1.6 mM extracellular Ca2+ when Ca2+ extrusion via the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump were inhibited. We conclude that PMCA4 is pivotal to Ca2+ extrusion in coronary artery smooth muscle. We anticipate caloxin 1c2 to aid in understanding the role of PMCA4 in signal transduction and home‐ostasis due to its isoform selectivity and ability to act when added extracellularly.