bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and maturation of parallel fiber‐purkinje cell synapses in the staggerer cerebellum ex vivo
Authors: Janmaat Sonja , Frédéric Florence , Sjollema Klaas , Luiten Paul , Mariani Jean , van der Want Johannes 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn vivo, homozygous staggerer (Rorasg/sg) Purkinje cells (PCs) remain in an early stage of development with rudimentary spineless dendrites, associated with a lack of parallel fiber (PF) input and the persistence of multiple climbing fibers (CFs). In this immunocytochemical study we used cerebellar organotypic cultures to monitor the development of Rorasg/sg PF‐PC synapses in the absence of CF innervation. Ex vivo the vesicular glutamate transporters VGluT1 and VGluT2 reactivity was preferentially localized around the Rorasg/sg PC soma and proximal dendrites, which are typically CF domains. The shift from VGluT2 to VGluT1 in PF terminals during development was delayed in Rorasg/sg slices. The postsynaptic receptors mGluR1 and GluRδ2 were differently distributed on Rorasg/sg PCs. mGluR1 reactivity was evenly distributed in PC soma and dendrites, whereas GluRδ2 reactivity, normally restricted at PF synapses, was dense in Rorasg/sg PC somata. The presynaptic distribution of VGluT1 and VGluT2 on Rorasg/sg PCs matched the postsynaptic distribution of the glutamate receptor GluRδ2, but not mGluR1. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:467–477, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extensive presence of serotonergic cells and fibers in the peripheral nervous system of lampreys
Authors: Barreiro‐Iglesias Antón , Aldegunde Manuel , Anadón Ramón , Rodicio María Celina 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLampreys are suitable animal models for studying the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system because they belong to the earliest group of extant vertebrates, the agnathans. The general organization of the serotonergic central nervous system is well known in lampreys, but information about its peripheral organization is lacking. In the present study, high‐performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry with an antibody against serotonin were used to study the presence and peripheral distribution of serotonergic elements in the head of larval sea lampreys. Adult lampreys were also analyzed in order to compare the organization of the system in larval and postmetamorphic stages. Serotonergic cells were observed in the cranial nerve ganglia, the musculature, the taste buds, and in the gills. Serotonergic fibers were extensive in all tissues except the epidermis. Possible roles were proposed for the different cell types observed in relation to their location, structure, and innervation patterns. The serotonergic cells appear to be involved in the oxygen and taste chemoreception processes, the modulation of musculature contraction, and in the regulation of cilia beat frequency and mucus secretion in lampreys. The extensive presence of serotonergic elements in the peripheral nervous system of lampreys suggests a close relationship with the organization of this system in invertebrate groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:478–499, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expiratory flow in a rigid three‐generation airway with one collapsible segment
Authors: Yang X. L. , Liu Y. , Yang J. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe expiratory flow in a rigid three‐generation airway with one collapsible segment was numerically studied using fluid–structure interaction technique. A self‐developed finite element method code was used to calculate the nonlinear deformation of the thin‐walled structure, whereas a commercial computational fluid dynamics solver was used to resolve the fluid flow. The elastic tube in the second‐generation branch collapsed into wave number N=3 mode. The deformation of the collapsible tube increased the resistance to the fluid flow and formed a jet that altered the downstream flow pattern significantly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ATP and NO dually control migration of microglia to nerve lesions
Authors: Duan Yuanli , Sahley Christie L. , Muller Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMicroglia migrate rapidly to lesions in the central nervous system (CNS), presumably in response to chemoattractants including ATP released directly or indirectly by the injury. Previous work on the leech has shown that nitric oxide (NO), generated at the lesion, is both a stop signal for microglia at the lesion and crucial for their directed migration from hundreds of micrometers away within the nerve cord, perhaps mediated by a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). In this study, application of 100 μMATP caused maximal movement of microglia in leech nerve cords. The nucleotides ADP, UTP, and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog AMP‐PNP (adenyl‐5′‐yl imidodiphosphate) also caused movement, whereas AMP, cAMP, and adenosine were without effect. Both movement in ATP and migration after injury were slowed by 50 μMreactive blue 2 (RB2), an antagonist of purinergic receptors, without influencing the direction of movement. This contrasted with the effect of the NO scavenger cPTIO (2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐teramethylimidazoline‐oxyl‐3‐oxide), which misdirected movement when applied at 1 mM. The cPTIO reduced cGMP immunoreactivity without changing the immunoreactivity of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), which accompanies increased NOS activity after nerve cord injury, consistent with involvement of sGC. Moreover, the sGC‐specific inhibitor LY83583 applied at 50 μMhad a similar effect, in agreement with previous results with methylene blue. Taken together, the experiments support the hypothesis that ATP released directly or indirectly by injury activates microglia to move, whereas NO that activates sGC directs migration of microglia to CNS lesions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Abrasive Stripping Voltammetry in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chen Aicheng , Rogers Emma I. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report on the abrasive stripping voltammetry (AbrSV) of six different solid compounds of widely different natures in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Copper as a metal representative, Prussian blue as a typical inorganic complex, indigo as an organic dye model, and anthracene, pyrene, and 9,10‐diphenylanthracene as the typical representatives of aromatic hydrocarbons were chosen in this study. They were immobilized on a gold electrode surface by mechanical abrasion and their subsequent voltammetric measurements were carried out in the ionic liquid [C4mim][NTf2], 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The present work demonstrates that RTILs provide an excellent electrochemical solvent environment for abrasive stripping voltammetric analysis; in particular, the much wider potential windows in RTILs as compared to aqueous media greatly enhance the analytical applicability of the AbrSV technique.
On‐chip tryptic digest with direct coupling to ESI‐MS using magnetic particles
Authors: Le Nel Anne , Krenkova Jana , Kleparnik Karel , Smadja Claire , Taverna Myriam , Viovy Jean‐Louis , Foret Frantisek 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAs a step toward a fully automated front‐end microfluidic chip for MS proteomics, we propose a system capable of performing online tryptic digest and ESI‐MS, using a replaceable on‐chip digestion microcolumn based on self‐assembled magnetic particles.
Miniaturized electrochemical detector as a tool for detection of DNA amplified by PCR
Authors: Huska Dalibor , Hubalek Jaromir , Adam Vojtech , Kizek Rene 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper reports on the analysis of specific sequence of Phage Lambda DNA amplified by PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis on chip and stationary electrochemical instrument were employed for detection of amplicons obtained after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cycles. In the case of agarose gel electrophoresis the lowest detectable amount of DNA was obtained after 15 PCR cycles. Gel electrophoresis on chip offers higher sensitivity because the lowest detectable amount of amplicons by this technique was obtained after eight PCR cycles. Further we employed square wave voltammetry and various working electrodes (hanging mercury drop electrode, screen‐printed carbon electrode and carbon‐nanotube‐based screen‐printed electrodes) to detect amplicons. Amplicons obtained even after two cycles were detectable at all electrodes. To improve the selectivity of electrochemical detection carbon nanoelectrodes were off‐line coupled with gel electrophoresis. Into the agarose gel the electrodes were placed. Further the amplicons were loaded into agarose gel wells. DNA migrating to the detection place was electrochemically analyzed. Amplicons obtained after two cycles were detectable by this hyphenated technique.
Insulin and cholesterol gallstones: New insights for a complex pathogenic relationship
Authors: Zanlungo Silvana , Miquel Juan Francisco , Rigotti Attilio , Nervi Flavio 
Published: November 2008

Biddinger SB, Haas JT, Yu BB, Bezy O, Jing E, Zhang W, Unterman TG, Carey MC, Kahn CR. Hepatic insulin resistance directly promotes formation of cholesterol gallstones. Nat Med 2008;14:778–782.

Abstract
Available at: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n7/abs/nm1785.html
Ant colony optimization approach for classification of occupational low back disorder risks
Authors: Akay Diyar , Toksari M. Duran 
Published: November 2008

AbstractManual material handling (MMH) tasks, the leading cause of low back disorders (LBDs), are still extensively used in industry in spite of the advanced technology. Classification of industrial jobs related to LBD risks has great significance in preventing injuries and designing workplaces. In this article, industrial jobs have been classified into two categories, low risk and high risk, using ant colony optimization (ACO). ACO classification (ACOCLASS) has obtained better results than studies that used the same experimental data. Ergonomic interventions can be done by means of obtained classification schema for future reductions in low back injuries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SOCS3 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells, and its regulation by PRL
Authors: Barclay Johanna L. , Anderson Stephen T. , Waters Michael J. , Curlewis Jon D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSuppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), as a key regulator of cytokine signaling, has the potential to modulate numerous cellular processes. Its involvement in inflammatory disease is well established, and there is increasing evidence for a role in breast cancer as a regulator of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). Here we show that over‐expression of SOCS3 markedly supresses STAT3 expression, and abrogates STAT5 phosphorylation, resulting in decreased cell proliferation in T47D breast cancer cells, and decreased proliferation and anchorage‐independent growth in MCF7 cells. Using T47D cells, we elucidated the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in SOCS3 expression in response to prolactin, a key mammotropic hormone. Quantitative real time PCR was used to examine SOCS3 mRNA expression, IP/WB was used to examine STAT phosphorylation, luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and gel shift assays allowed evaluation of cis‐elements and trans‐factors regulating SOCS3 expression. We demonstrate that prolactin‐induced SOCS3 expression is STAT‐dependant, predominantly involving STAT5, although STAT1 is also associated with the promoter. In addition, prolactin‐induced SOCS3 promoter activation requires PKA‐stimulated Sp1 binding to the GC‐rich region of the promoter. Finally, we show that PRL‐induced SOCS3 expression can be potentiated by co‐treatment with PGE2. This study demonstrates that SOCS3 acts as an anti‐proliferative agent in breast cancer cells, and highlights the complexity of SOCS3 regulation and crosstalk. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumour growth fraction measured by immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 is an independent prognostic factor in preoperative prostate biopsies with small‐volume or low‐grade prostate cancer
Authors: Zellweger Tobias , Günther Sarah , Zlobec Inti , Savic Spasenija , Sauter Guido , Moch Holger , Mattarelli Gianfranco , Eichenberger Tobias , Curschellas Enrico , Rüfenacht Hansjörg , Bachmann Alexander , Gasser Thomas C. , Mihatsch Michael J. , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAccurate prognostic parameters in prostate biopsies are needed to better counsel individual patients with prostate cancer. We evaluated the prognostic impact of morphologic and immunohistochemical parameters in preoperative prostate cancer biopsies. A consecutive series of prostate biopsies of 279 men (72% with clinical stage T1c and 23% with T2) who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy was prospectively analysed for Gleason score, number and percentage of positive cores (NPC, PPC), total percentage of biopsy tissue with tumour (TPT), maximum tumour percentage per core (MTP), and expression of Ki67, Bcl‐2 and p53. All biopsy features were significantly associated with at least one feature of the radical prostatectomy specimen. pT stage was independently predicted by PSA, seminal vesicle invasion by Ki67 LI, positive margins by PSA and MTP, large tumour diameter by PSA and PPC, and Gleason score by biopsy Gleason score, MTP, and Ki67 LI, respectively. Biopsy Gleason score, NPC (1 vs. >1), TPT (<7 vs. ≥7%), and Ki67 LI (<10 vs. ≥10%) were significant predictors of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (p < 0.01, each). KI67 LI was the only independent prognostic factor in case of a low TPT (<7%) or low Gleason score (<7), the hazard ratio being 6.76 and 6.44, respectively. In summary, preoperative Gleason score, NPC, TPT and Ki67 LI significantly predict the risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy, and Ki67 is an independent prognosticator in biopsies with low‐volume or low‐grade prostate cancer. Analysis of Ki67 LI in these biopsies may help to better identify patients with clinically insignificant prostate cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex‐specific familial risks of urinary bladder cancer and associated neoplasms in Sweden
Authors: Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMale gender and a family history of cancer are established risk factors for urinary bladder neoplasms. This study used the latest update of the Swedish Family‐Cancer Database, which includes 42,255 bladder cancer patients, to investigate the sex‐specific incidences and types of tumors in relatives of bladder cancer patients. Men with parents or siblings affected by lung cancer did not show an increased risk of bladder neoplasms. Among women, the familial association was restricted to daughters of women with lung cancer. Brothers showed higher risks than the sons of bladder cancer patients. Men older than 54 years were at an increased risk of bladder cancer only if their fathers or siblings were diagnosed after age 65 years. The present data indicated a limited contribution of smoking to the familial clustering of bladder cancer with other neoplasms. The dependence of the relative risks on the type of familial relationship probably reflected a heterogeneous character of familial aggregation. Age‐specific results suggested differential risk factors for tumors diagnosed before 50 years of age versus neoplasms detected later in life. The present data may guide the design of forthcoming gene identification studies and the interpretation of the genome‐wide association studies that are about to be published. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three genetic developmental stages of papillary renal cell tumors: Duplication of chromosome 1q marks fatal progression
Authors: Szponar Adrianna , Zubakov Dmitry , Pawlak Justyna , Jauch Anna , Kovacs Gyula 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPapillary renal cell tumors (RCT) make up a cytomorphologically and biologically heterogeneous group of kidney cancers including renal cell adenomas (RCA) and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). To find genetic markers landmarking the tumor progression, we have evaluated the genetic alterations obtained by karyotyping, chromosomal and array‐CGH and compared with the cytological characteristics and biological behavior of 60 papillary RCTs. Based on the genetic and clinical data, we have separated 3 groups of tumors and proposed 3 genetically defined developmental stages of papillary RCTs. Papillary RCAs are characterized by combined trisomy of chromosomes 7 and 17, whereas papillary RCCs displayed additional trisomies of 3q, 8q, 12q, 16q and 20q. In addition to the genetic changes occurring in the second group, the third group of tumors was characterized by 1q gain and 6q, 8p, 9p and 14q losses. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed a significant association between chromosome 1q gain and deadly outcome of the disease. The cytomorphological variation and size of tumors in the second and third groups did not correlate with the clinical outcome. Therefore, we suggest that our genetic classification system landmarking papillary RCA, papillary RCC without and with progression offer a better system to characterize the tumor biology of clinical significance than a cellular/morphological classification. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genipin enhances the mechanical properties of tissue‐engineered cartilage and protects against inflammatory degradation when used as a medium supplement
Authors: Lima Eric G. , Tan Andrea R. , Tai Timon , Marra Kacey G. , DeFail Alicia , Ateshian Gerard A. , Hung Clark T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGenipin is a naturally‐derived biocompatible cross‐linking agent commonly used to generate three dimensional tissue‐engineered scaffolds or to fix biologically derived scaffolds prior to implantation. Here we propose a novel use for genipin as a long‐term culture medium supplement to promote cross‐linking of de novo cell products that are produced in engineered cartilage. We hypothesize that the application of genipin will stabilize the extracellular matrix components and increase the mechanical properties of developing engineered cartilage. Chondrocytes encapsulated in agarose hydrogel (a neutrally charged polysaccharide scaffold that is unaffected by genipin cross‐linking) were cultured in a chemically‐defined growth medium that was supplemented with varying concentrations of genipin (22 μM, 220 μM, 2200 μM) for various durations (continuous or intermittent). Tissues developed significantly higher mechanical properties (+28% dynamic modulus and +20% Young's modulus) by day 42 with genipin treatment compared to untreated controls. These increases were not immediate, but presented over culture time after genipin treatment. The genipin treated groups were also more resistant to cytokine‐induced degradation with interleukin‐1α; maintaining an EY (+218%), G• (+390%) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (+477%) over genipin‐untreated constructs subjected to interleukin. We hypothesize two mechanisms through which the physical enhancement of tissue properties may be fostered: (1) by cross‐link mediated reorganization and enhanced retention of cell‐elaborated extracellular matrix components, and (2) through reduction of the loss of extracellular matrix components by increasing their resilience to catabolic degradation. These studies demonstrate a potential use of genipin as a medium supplement to develop enhanced engineered cartilage. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Calcium sulfate: Properties and clinical applications
Authors: Thomas Mark V. , Puleo David A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCalcium sulfate (CS) has enjoyed a longer history of clinical use than most currently available biomaterials. It is well‐tolerated when used to fill bone defects and undergoes rapid and complete resorption without eliciting a significant inflammatory response. The raw material from which it is made is relatively inexpensive and abundant. In addition, CS can be used as a vehicle to deliver antibiotics, pharmacologic agents, and growth factors. It has found wide use in orthopedics and dentistry, and has been used in a variety of clinical applications, including the periodontal defect repair, the treatment of osteomyelitis, sinus augmentation, and as an adjunct to dental implant placement. Despite these advantages, the material has not enjoyed the popularity of many other regenerative materials, although there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the material. This review examines the properties and clinical applications of CS, with an emphasis on dental applications of the material. Limitations of the material are discussed as well as suggestions for future research. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Profilin‐1 overexpression upregulates PTEN and suppresses AKT activation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Das Tuhin , Bae Yong Ho , Wells Alan , Roy Partha 
Published: November 2008

AbstractProfilin‐1 (Pfn1), a ubiquitously expressed actin‐binding protein, has been regarded as a tumor‐suppressor molecule for breast cancer. Since AKT signaling impacts cell survival and proliferation, in this study we investigated whether AKT activation in breast cancer cells is sensitive to perturbation of Pfn1 expression. We found that even a moderate overexpression of Pfn1 leads to a significant reduction in phosphorylation of AKT in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that Pfn1 overexpression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells is associated with a significant reduction in the level of the phosphoinositide regulator of AKT, PIP3, and impaired membrane translocation of AKT that is required for AKT activation, in response to EGF stimulation. Interestingly, Pfn1‐overexpressing cells showed post‐transcriptional upregulation of PTEN. Furthermore, when PTEN expression was silenced, AKT phosphorylation was rescued, suggesting PTEN upregulation is responsible for Pfn1‐dependent attenuation of AKT activation in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Pfn1 overexpression induced PTEN upregulation and reduced AKT activation were also reproducible features of BT474 breast cancer cells. These findings may provide mechanistic insights underlying at least some of the tumor‐suppressive properties of Pfn1. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 436–443, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct expression of muscle‐specific MicroRNAs (myomirs) in brown adipocytes
Authors: Walden Tomas B. , Timmons James A. , Keller Pernille , Nedergaard Jan , Cannon Barbara 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMicroRNAs, a novel class of post‐transcriptional gene regulators, have been demonstrated to be involved in several cellular processes regulating the expression of protein‐coding genes. Here we examine murine white and brown primary cell cultures for differential expression of miRNAs. The adipogenesis‐related miRNA miR‐143 was highly expressed in mature white adipocytes but was low in mature brown adipocytes. Three classical “myogenic” miRNAs miR‐1, miR‐133a and miR‐206 were absent from white adipocytes but were specifically expressed both in brown pre‐ and mature adipocytes, reinforcing the concept that brown adipocytes and myocytes derive from a common cell lineage that specifies energy‐dissipating cells. Augmentation of adipocyte differentiation status with norepinephrine or rosiglitazone did not affect the expression of the above miRNAs, the expression levels of which were thus innately regulated. However, expression of the miRNA miR‐455 was enhanced during brown adipocyte differentiation, similarly to the expression pattern of the brown adipocyte differentiation marker UCP1. In conclusion, miRNAs are differentially expressed in white and brown adipocytes and may be important in defining the common precursor cell for myocytes and brown adipocytes and thus have distinct roles in energy‐storing versus energy‐dissipating cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 444–449, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.