bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of alveolar bone defects in the experimental pig model: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Kampleitner Carina , Sanz‐Esporrin Javier , Lie Stein‐Atle , Gruber Reinhard , Mustafa Kamal , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivePigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P), what is the capacity of experimental alveolar bone defects (E) for spontaneous regeneration in terms of new bone formation (O)?MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting experimental bone defects or extraction socket healing in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of a control group of untreated defects/sockets and the assessment of regeneration via 3D tomography [radiographic defect fill (RDF)] or 2D histomorphometry [new bone formation (NBF)]. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for the outcomes RDF and NBF.ResultsOverall, 45 studies were included reporting on alveolar bone defects or extraction sockets, most frequently in the mandibles of minipigs. Based on morphology, defects were broadly classified as ‘box‐defects’ (BD) or ‘cylinder‐defects’ (CD) with a wide range of healing times (10 days to 52 weeks). Meta‐analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 50% RDF (36.87%–63.15%) and 43.74% NBF (30.47%–57%) in BD, and 44% RDF (16.48%–71.61%) and 39.67% NBF (31.53%–47.81%) in CD, which were similar to estimates of socket‐healing [48.74% RDF (40.35%–57.13%) and 38.73% NBF (28.57%–48.89%)]. Heterogeneity in the meta‐analysis was high (I2 > 90%).ConclusionA substantial body of literature revealed a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects of (mini)pigs, which should be considered in future studies of bone regeneration in this animal model.
Effect of mordants on colour variation in alpaca fibre dyed with dye extracted from the tankar stem (Berberis boliviana L.)
Authors: Lozano Franklin , Tapía‐Pacci Sofia , Ccopa Ruth , Quispe‐Quispe Arturo , Salazar‐López Juan C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of mordants on colour variation, textile characteristics, colour fastness, and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) bands in alpaca fibre dyed with tankar stem extract. The white alpaca fibre was obtained from the company Inka Tops S.A. The mordants used were: alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) at 20% and iron(II) sulphate (FeSO4) at 3%. Prior to dyeing, a pre‐mordanting process was carried out (86°C for 30 min), and dyeing was performed through thermal treatment at 70 and 86°C (30 and 60 min). The CIELab [L*, a*, b*, chroma (C*) and hue (h°)] coordinates and reflectance were evaluated using a spectrometer; textile characteristics were assessed with OFDA (optical fibre diameter analyser) 2000; chemical bands were analysed with an FTIR‐attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectrophotometer, and colour fastness (light, washing, and rubbing) was evaluated using international American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standards. The results showed that luminosity (L*) significantly decreased after dyeing and pre‐mordanting with KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (81.47) and FeSO4 (70.47). Additionally, the b* value and C* value significantly increased at higher temperature and longer dyeing time, resulting in slightly different shades and hues in each treatment. The coefficient of variation (CV) and curvature index (CU) presented significant differences, with CU increasing at 86°C/60 min with FeSO4. Colour fastness to washing and rubbing showed acceptable values on the greyscale. In conclusion, the mordants used had a significant effect on colour variation, textile characteristics, colour fastness, and FTIR spectrum. The most intense shades were observed in fibres pre‐mordanted with FeSO4 (dull yellow‐green) and in dyeing without mordant (yellow).
Early outcomes associated with de novo once‐daily extended‐release versus twice‐daily immediate‐release tacrolimus in a predominantly African American kidney transplant population: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Romine Margaret M. , Leeser David B. , Kennamer Karen , Nguyen Catherine , Jones Heather , McLawhorn Kristel , Kendrick Scott , Irish William 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to compare early outcomes of de novo LCPT (once‐daily extended‐release tacrolimus) to IR TAC (twice‐daily immediate‐release tacrolimus) in a predominantly African American (AA) adult kidney transplant population.MethodsThis is a single center, retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two cohorts: IR TAC (administered between January 1, 2017, and January 31, 2019) and LCPT (administered between February 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020). Primary endpoints were changes in tacrolimus trough levels (ng/mL) and estimated glomerular filtration rate up to 12 months post‐transplantation. Clinical endpoints included graft survival, delayed graft function, biopsy‐proven rejection, CMV viremia, and BK. A propensity score weighted generalized linear mixed effects model was used for analysis.ResultsThe rate of change in tacrolimus levels was significantly higher in the LCPT cohort compared to the IR TAC cohort at 14 days post‐discharge (.2455 ng/mL per day vs. .1073 ng/mL, respectively; p < .001). Subsequently, the LCPT cohort had a slightly higher rate of decline (–.015 ng/mL per day vs. –.010 ng/mL with IR TAC; p = .0894) up to 12 months post‐discharge. Although eGFR was similar between the two cohorts at 12 months post‐transplant, the rate of increase was slower in the LCPT cohort (.1371 mL/min per day vs. .1852 mL/min per day, p = .0314). No significant differences were found in graft survival, DGF, BPAR, CMV, or BK infection.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that despite higher early trough levels with immediate post‐transplant LCPT use, clinical outcomes are comparable to IR TAC at one‐year post‐transplant. Notably, LCPT use does not increase the incidence of DGF and that this formulation of CNI can be used as first line therapy post‐transplant.
Becoming the change we want to see: Aspirations and initial progress with diversity, equity, access, and inclusion practices to create welcoming environments and center community in informal science institutions
Authors: Peterman Karen , Chesnut Lynn , Gathings M. J. , Martin Keshia , Maier Allison Black , Evia Jane Robertson , Ayala Chávez Regina , Harris Maren , Busch K. C. , Stover Darrell , Larson Lincoln R. , Stevenson Kathryn , Yelton Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the diversity, equity, access, and inclusion (DEAI) practices of informal science institutions (ISI) that are part of a statewide grants program. Data were collected to understand how ISIs interpret and implement DEAI in thought and action in their efforts to create more welcoming spaces for members of communities that are often underrepresented or marginalized in informal learning spaces. Modeled after the Cultural Competence Learning Institute's (CCLI) Framework, survey data were collected to understand DEAI practices being used to create welcoming environments. Interview data were collected 2 years later to understand how ISIs collaborate with others to center communities in their work. Results indicated that while DEAI was considered a high priority, strategies were limited. A positive relationship was found between the number of strategies used and perceived success. ISIs' stories of collaboration focused most often on transactional relationships with organizational partners. Those working with communities directly collaborated in needs‐based or reciprocal ways. Results are interpreted in relation to the CCLI Framework's potential to provide benchmarks for both individual institutions and groups like our statewide grants program to use as comparison points for their own DEAI practice.
Nicht‐Biologika‐Immunsuppressiva bei entzündlichen und autoimmunen Hautkrankheiten
Authors: Kanatoula Danai Dionysia , Bodner Euna , Ghoreschi Kamran , Meier Katharina , Solimani Farzan 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungNicht‐Biologika‐Immunsuppressiva wie Azathioprin, Dapson oder Methotrexat sind grundlegende Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für ein breites Spektrum von Autoimmunerkrankungen und chronisch‐entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen. Einige dieser Medikamente wurden ursprünglich bei malignen Erkrankungen (zum Beispiel Azathioprin oder Methotrexat) oder Infektionskrankheiten (zum Beispiel Hydroxychloroquin oder Dapson) eingesetzt, werden aber heute hauptsächlich wegen ihrer immunsuppressiven/immunmodulierenden Wirkung verwendet. Obwohl Dermatologen über jahrelange klinische Erfahrung mit diesen Arzneimitteln verfügen, sind einige der Wirkmechanismen noch nicht vollständig geklärt und noch Gegenstand der Forschung. Obwohl diese Medikamente häufig eingesetzt werden, führen mangelnde Erfahrung oder fehlendes Wissen über ihre Sicherheitsprofile und ihr Management zu einer skeptischen Haltung bei den Ärzten. Hier fassen wir den Wirkmechanismus und das detaillierte Management der Nebenwirkungen der am häufigsten verwendeten immunsuppressiven Medikamente für Hautkrankheiten zusammen. Darüber hinaus diskutieren wir den Umgang mit diesen Medikamenten während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit sowie ihre Wechselwirkung und Handhabung im Zusammenhang mit Impfungen.
Whistle‐blowing and the incentive to hire
Authors: De Mot Jef , Mungan Murat C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider a previously neglected cost of whistle‐blower awards: employers may base their hiring decisions, on the margin, not on the productivity of an employee but rather on the probability that the employee will become a whistle‐blower. We develop a three‐stage model to examine how productivity losses due to distortions at the hiring stage influence optimal whistle‐blower rewards. We characterize optimal rewards for whistle‐blowing, and show that when rewards can be chosen according to either the benefits of the employer from offending or the productivity of the worker being hired, productivity‐based rewards are superior to benefit‐based rewards.
Macroprudential policies and Brexit: A welfare analysis
Authors: Rubio Margarita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrexit will have implications on financial stability and the implementation of macroprudential policies. The United Kingdom (UK) will no longer be subject to the jurisdiction of the European Systemic Risk Board. This paper studies the welfare implications of this change of regime. By means of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, I compare the pre‐Brexit scenario with the new one, in which the UK sets macroprudential policy independently. I find that, after Brexit, the UK is better off by setting its own macroprudential policy without taking into account Europe's welfare as a whole.
Foraging habits of Northwest Atlantic hooded seals over the past 30 years: Future habitat suitability under global warming
Authors: Vacquié‐Garcia Jade , Spitz Jérôme , Hammill Mike , Stenson Garry B. , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , Chimienti Marianna , Renaud Mathylde , Méndez Fernandez Paula , Jeanniard du Dot Tiphaine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Arctic is a global warming ‘hot‐spot’ that is experiencing rapid increases in air and ocean temperatures and concomitant decreases in sea ice cover. These environmental changes are having major consequences on Arctic ecosystems. All Arctic endemic marine mammals are highly dependent on ice‐associated ecosystems for at least part of their life cycle and thus are sensitive to the changes occurring in their habitats. Understanding the biological consequences of changes in these environments is essential for ecosystem management and conservation. However, our ability to study climate change impacts on Arctic marine mammals is generally limited by the lack of sufficiently long data time series. In this study, we took advantage of a unique dataset on hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) movements (and serum samples) that spans more than 30 years in the Northwest Atlantic to (i) investigate foraging (distribution and habitat use) and dietary (trophic level of prey and location) habits over the last three decades and (ii) predict future locations of suitable habitat given a projected global warming scenario. We found that, despite a change in isotopic signatures that might suggest prey changes over the 30‐year period, hooded seals from the Northwest Atlantic appeared to target similar oceanographic characteristics throughout the study period. However, over decades, they have moved northward to find food. Somewhat surprisingly, foraging habits differed between seals breeding in the Gulf of St Lawrence vs those breeding at the “Front” (off Newfoundland). Seals from the Gulf favoured colder waters while Front seals favoured warmer waters. We predict that foraging habitats for hooded seals will continue to shift northwards and that Front seals are likely to have the greatest resilience. This study shows how hooded seals are responding to rapid environmental change and provides an indication of future trends for the species—information essential for effective ecosystem management and conservation.
Advances and knowledge gaps on climate change impacts on honey bees and beekeeping: A systematic review
Authors: Zapata‐Hernández Germán , Gajardo‐Rojas Martina , Calderón‐Seguel Matías , Muñoz Ariel A. , Yáñez Karen P. , Requier Fabrice , Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Ormeño‐Arriagada Pablo I. , Arrieta Héctor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Western honey bee Apis mellifera is a managed species that provides diverse hive products and contributing to wild plant pollination, as well as being a critical component of crop pollination systems worldwide. High mortality rates have been reported in different continents attributed to different factors, including pesticides, pests, diseases, and lack of floral resources. Furthermore, climate change has been identified as a potential driver negatively impacting pollinators, but it is still unclear how it could affect honey bee populations. In this context, we carried out a systematic review to synthesize the effects of climate change on honey bees and beekeeping activities. A total of 90 articles were identified, providing insight into potential impacts (negative, neutral, and positive) on honey bees and beekeeping. Interest in climate change's impact on honey bees has increased in the last decade, with studies mainly focusing on honey bee individuals, using empirical and experimental approaches, and performed at short‐spatial (<10 km) and temporal (<5 years) scales. Moreover, environmental analyses were mainly based on short‐term data (weather) and concentrated on only a few countries. Environmental variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind were widely studied and had generalized negative effects on different biological and ecological aspects of honey bees. Food reserves, plant‐pollinator networks, mortality, gene expression, and metabolism were negatively impacted. Knowledge gaps included a lack of studies at the apiary and beekeeper level, a limited number of predictive and perception studies, poor representation of large‐spatial and mid‐term scales, a lack of climate analysis, and a poor understanding of the potential impacts of pests and diseases. Finally, climate change's impacts on global beekeeping are still an emergent issue. This is mainly due to their diverse effects on honey bees and the potential necessity of implementing adaptation measures to sustain this activity under complex environmental scenarios.
A new empirical framework to quantify the hydraulic effects of soil and atmospheric drivers on plant water status
Authors: Mencuccini Maurizio , Anderegg William R. L. , Binks Oliver , Knipfer Thorsten , Konings Alexandra G. , Novick Kim , Poyatos Rafael , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetrics to quantify regulation of plant water status at the daily as opposed to the seasonal scale do not presently exist. This gap is significant since plants are hypothesised to regulate their water potential not only with respect to slowly changing soil drought but also with respect to faster changes in air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a variable whose importance for plant physiology is expected to grow because of higher temperatures in the coming decades. We present a metric, the stringency of water potential regulation, that can be employed at the daily scale and quantifies the effects exerted on plants by the separate and combined effect of soil and atmospheric drought. We test our theory using datasets from two experiments where air temperature and VPD were experimentally manipulated. In contrast to existing metrics based on soil drought that can only be applied at the seasonal scale, our metric successfully detects the impact of atmospheric warming on the regulation of plant water status. We show that the thermodynamic effect of VPD on plant water status can be isolated and compared against that exerted by soil drought and the covariation between VPD and soil drought. Furthermore, in three of three cases, VPD accounted for more than 5 MPa of potential effect on leaf water potential. We explore the significance of our findings in the context of potential future applications of this metric from plant to ecosystem scale.
Accelerated neuropathy among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis: Analysis of an institutional cluster
Authors: Sathiavageesan Subrahmanian , Murugan Subramani 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccelerated neuropathy is a rare syndrome of rapidly worsening peripheral neuropathy, typically described in end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing dialysis. In our center, we encountered a surge in the occurrence of accelerated neuropathy among ESKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, which prompted systematic research.MethodsIn this case–control study, we present the clinical features, electrophysiologic findings, and outcome of a series of patients who developed accelerated neuropathy after commencing hemodialysis for ESKD. Those who initiated hemodialysis and did not develop accelerated neuropathy were included as controls. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of accelerated neuropathy.ResultsAmong 436 ESKD patients who initiated hemodialysis over 4 years, 17 were diagnosed with accelerated neuropathy. The median‐time (interquartile range) from hemodialysis initiation to presentation with accelerated neuropathy was 3 weeks (2–6). It typically presented as acute onset of unsteadiness of gait necessitating assistance for ambulation. Electrophysiology revealed length‐dependent symmetric sensorimotor axonal neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, 95% CI 1.2–13.9, p = 0.02), pre‐existing peripheral neuropathy (OR 9.25, 95% CI 2.79–30.6, p < 0.001), and serum alkaline phosphatase (OR 1.2 for every 10 U increase, 95% CI 1.00–1.52, p = 0.04) significantly predicted accelerated neuropathy. With continued dialysis and supportive care, neurologic status improved, total‐neuropathy score (summary score of peripheral nerve dysfunction incorporating clinical and electrophysiological parameters) declined from 26.5 to 18.4 (p < 0.001) and most regained unassisted ambulation.ConclusionThis study presents the largest series of patients with accelerated neuropathy and has identified predictors. However, in view of the unusually high incidence of accelerated neuropathy we speculate that other unidentified factor(s) could be underlying its pathogenesis.
MONETARY POLICY UNDER NATURAL DISASTER SHOCKS
Authors: Cantelmo Alessandro , Fatouros Nikos , Melina Giovanni , Papageorgiou Chris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith climate change increasing the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, what should central banks do in response to these catastrophic events? Looking at IMF reports for 34 disaster‐years, which occurred in 16 disaster‐prone countries from 1999 to 2017, reveals lack of any systematic approach adopted by monetary authorities in response to climate shocks. Using a small‐open‐economy New‐Keynesian model with disaster shocks, we show that consistent with textbook theory, inflation targeting remains the welfare‐optimal regime. Therefore, the best strategy for monetary authorities is to resist the impulse of accommodating in response to catastrophic natural disasters, and focus on price stability.
The unintended cost of data breach notification laws: Evidence from managerial bad news hoarding
Authors: Obaydin Ivan , Xu Limin , Zurbruegg Ralf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate how nonfinancial disclosure laws exacerbate agency issues in firms. Our analysis focuses on the staggered adoption of state‐level notification laws that require firms to disclose data breaches. Our findings reveal that the introduction of these laws increases the risk of stock price crashes. Managers appear motivated to accumulate unfavorable news in an effort to prevent market overreactions associated with the mandatory disclosure of data breaches. Cross‐sectional analyses also reveal that the impact is stronger when managers have a greater incentive, or greater ability, to hoard information. Our results highlight that nonfinancial disclosures can have unintended consequences for firm information asymmetries and potentially adverse market impacts in cases where the regulation is unable to consider all stakeholders.
Identification of key biomarkers for predicting CAD progression in inflammatory bowel disease via machine‐learning and bioinformatics strategies
Authors: Tang Xiaoqi , Zhou Yufei , Chen Zhuolin , Liu Chunjiang , Wu Zhifeng , Zhou Yue , Zhang Fan , Lu Xuanyuan , Tang Liming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to identify the biomarkers for predicting coronary atherosclerotic lesions progression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Related transcriptome datasets were seized from Gene Expression Omnibus database. IBD‐related modules were identified via Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis. The ‘Limma’ was applied to screen differentially expressed genes between stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Subsequently, we employed protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network and three machine‐learning strategies to further screen for candidate hub genes. Application of the receiver operating characteristics curve to quantitatively evaluate candidates to determine key diagnostic biomarkers, followed by a nomogram construction. Ultimately, we performed immune landscape analysis, single‐gene GSEA and prediction of target‐drugs. 3227 IBD‐related module genes and 570 DEGs accounting for AMI were recognized. Intersection yielded 85 shared genes and mostly enriched in immune and inflammatory pathways. After filtering through PPI network and multi‐machine learning algorithms, five candidate genes generated. Upon validation, CTSD, CEBPD, CYP27A1 were identified as key diagnostic biomarkers with a superior sensitivity and specificity (AUC > 0.8). Furthermore, all three genes were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and positively correlated with neutrophils. Single‐gene GSEA highlighted the importance of pathogen invasion, metabolism, immune and inflammation responses during the pathogenesis of AMI. Ten target‐drugs were predicted. The discovery of three peripheral blood biomarkers capable of predicting the risk of CAD proceeding into AMI in IBD patients. These identified biomarkers were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and positively correlated with neutrophils, indicating a latent therapeutic target.