bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo dedifferentiation of human epidermal cells
Authors: Li Haihong , Fu Xiaobing , Zhang Lei , Sun Tongzhu , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConsistent with our previous study, we herein offer further evidence to demonstrate the dedifferentiation of differentiating epidermal cells into stem cells or stem cells ‐like in vivo. The epidermal sheets eliminated of basal cells were labeled with 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and then were transplanted onto the full‐thickness skin wounds nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination of the survival sheets showed that some cells were positive for both DAPI and either cytokeratins (CK19, CK14) or β1 integrin in spinous and granular layers at day 7 after transplantation. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the percentages of both α6briCDdim and α6briCD71bri populations in survival epidermal sheet grafts 7 d after transplantation compared with those before xenotransplantation (P < 0.05), as determined by flow cytometry. The results collectively indicated that some of the differentiated cells in engrafted epidermal sheets dedifferentiated into stem cells or stem cells‐like in vivo, which offer us new evidence and insights into the dedifferentiation.
Tutoplast‐Processed Fascia Lata for Dorsal Augmentation in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Jang Yong Ju , Wang Jong Hwan , Sinha Vikas , Song Hyung Min , Lee Bong‐Jae 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVETutoplast‐processed fascia lata (TPFL) is a commercially available homograft, which has been successfully used as human graft tissue for physical support procedures. The present report evaluates the use of TPFL in rhinoplasty.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThe study involved a retrospective analysis of rhinoplasty cases using TPFL. The study population consisted of 69 patients (52 male and 17 female) and a minimum follow‐up of 12 months.RESULTSTPFL was used as a smoothening graft after correction of deviated and hump noses, as a major dorsal contouring graft for saddle or flat noses, and in secondary rhinoplasty following silicone implant complications. TPFL alone was used in 41 cases and in combination with other material in 28 cases. The only complication was major resorption in three cases, with two being secondary rhinoplasty patients.CONCLUSIONTPFL alone or in combination with other materials can be used as a dorsal augmentation material in rhinoplasty. TPFL was particularly useful for correction of dorsal irregularities and in cases requiring a minimal amount of augmentation.
Comprehensive Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis and Identification of a Novel Hotspot at 3p21 in Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Honjo Noriyasu , Gunduz Mehmet , Fukushima Kunihiro , Cengiz Beyhan , Beder Levent B. , Gunduz Esra , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Xiao Jing , Shimizu Kenji , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVESWe sought to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles of 3p, 6q, 8q, 10q, 12q, 13q, and 17p and to identify the tumor suppressor genes involved in salivary gland neoplasms.STUDY DESIGNLOH analysis was performed using 26 microsatellite markers by polymerase chain reaction—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method in 20 benign and 6 malignant salivary gland tumors.RESULTSOverall, LOH was detected in at least one informative locus in 18 of 20 (90%) of benign tumors and in all of 6 cases of malignant tumors. High LOH frequencies were revealed at the loci D3S1307 (22%, 3p26), D3S966 (41%, 3p21), D6S255 (27%, 6q25), D8S166 (25%, 8q12), D8S199 (21%, 8q24), and D10S1765 (28%, 10q23) in benign tumors, defining the hotspot regions for putative tumor suppressor genes.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEThe hotspot regions defined by the present study suggest that new tumor suppressor genes related to the development of salivary gland tumors may reside at several chromosomal loci, including loci at 3p, 6q, 8q and 10q.
How does Prosthesis Head Size Affect Vibration Transmission in Ossiculoplasty?
Authors: Bance Manohar , Campos Alfredo , Wong Lillian , Morris David P. , van Wijhe Rene 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVESThe transmission of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the stapes footplate by an ossicular reconstruction prosthesis is affected by the size of the prosthesis head. We sought to determine if augmenting or reducing the head size of prosthesis had a systematic effect on transmission of vibrations to the stapes.STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a fresh cadaveric temporal bone middle ear study.METHODSThe incus was replaced with a prosthesis using a tympanic membrane to stapes head (TASH)‐type hydroxyapatite prosthesis in nine fresh cadaveric temporal bones. Three prosthesis head sizes were created: unaltered, reduced, and augmented. Stapes vibrations were measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer in response to acoustic frequency chirps at 90 dB SPL.RESULTSAll three head size prostheses resulted in smaller stapes vibrations than the intact ear. There was no difference in the vibration transmission between the three different head sizes. All prostheses showed a vibration loss of 10 to 15 dB compared to the intact ear.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEWithin the range of sizes tested, prosthesis head size had little impact on vibration transmission to the stapes footplate.
Acoustic Rhinometry in Preschool Children
Authors: Qian Wei , Chen Wenwen , Chen Joseph M. , Haight James 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to measure nasal cavity volume (NV) in preschool children with the use of acoustic rhinometry (AR).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGProspective study: 1) Nasal cavity models were used to test the correlations between NV, minimal cross‐sectional area (MCA), and nasal resistance; 2) 97 four‐year‐olds (48 boys, 49 girls) and 137 five‐year‐olds (68 boys, 69 girls) children were selected to undergo AR.RESULTS1. Model tests showed that the resistance correlated better with the changes of the volume than the MCA. 2. The average bilateral NV in preschool children was 2.03 ± 0.4 mL. There was no significant difference in either gender (P = 0.2) or age (P = 0.197).CONCLUSIONSVolume measurement appears more sensitive and reliable than the MCA in assessing nasal patency. AR was easily performed on preschool children, and normative NV values were achieved.SIGNIFICANCEThe results and conclusions can be used to establish a standardized technique for AR measurement and interpretation.
Hearing Loss after Spinal Anesthesia: The Effect of Different Infusion Solutions
Authors: Yildiz Tulay Sahin , Solak Mine , Iseri Mete , Karaca Burhan , Toker Kamil 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVEWe speculate that the preoperative volume replacement with a convenient solution may protect the inner ear function after spinal anesthesia.METHODSThe patients were randomized in a single‐blind fashion into two groups: group LR (n = 40) received lactated Ringer's and group GF (n = 40) received gelatin polysuccinate 4% (Gelofusine). Spinal anesthesia was performed with a 25 G Quincke needle and was given bupivacaine 0.5% 10 mg and fentanyl 25 jxg. Audio‐grams were performed preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively.RESULTSThe overall incidence of hearing loss was 7.5%. The hearing loss was unilateral in two and bilateral in four patients. Hearing loss occurred within the low‐frequency range and the hearing thresholds returned to normal by the fifth postoperative day.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the incidence of hearing loss for the lactated Ringer's group was higher than the Gelofusine group, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. For medicolegal and ethical reasons, patients should be informed about the possibility of hearing loss after spinal anesthesia.
The Impact of a Cation Channel Blocker (Furosemide) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 Biofilm Architecture
Authors: Cross Jenny L. , Ramadan Hassan H. , Thomas John G. 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVETo determine if furosemide could have a role in inhibition of biofilm formation.STUDY DESIGNA prospective study of 72‐hour biofilms grown in the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) treated with furosemide and controls.METHODSBacteria were treated with furosemide and controls to determine its antiplanktonic properties. PA01 biofilms were treated with serial 2‐fold dilutions of furosemide and controls over a 48‐hour period at pH concentrations of 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0.RESULTSFurosemide had no effect on planktonic PA01. It had minimal effect at pH below 8.0. A pH of 8.0 and 9.0 reduced biofilms 25%. Furosemide 10 mg/mL reduced biofilms 50% at pH 8.0 and 9.0. It inhibited biofilms to <30% at concentrations of 0.6 to 0.16 mg/mL at pH 8.0 and <10% at concentrations of 1.25 to 0.3 mg/mL at pH 9.0.CONCLUSIONFurosemide was found to be nonantiplanktonic, but does appear to destabilize preformed PA01 biofilms at pH‐dependent concentrations.
Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Determining the Location of the Genial Tubercle
Authors: Hueman Elizabeth M. , Noujeim Marcel E. , Langlais Robert P. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Miller Frank R. 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVETo determine the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CT) to predict the location of the genial tubercle.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGCadaver study for anatomic analysis of 17 adult human cadaver heads. Each skull/cadaver head underwent radiographic imaging with cone beam CT and cadaver dissection. Measurements, including mandibular height (MH), genial tubercle width (GTW), genial tubercle height (GTH), distance from inferior border of mandible to genial tubercle (IBM/GT), and mandibular thickness (MT) were recorded.RESULTSStatistical analysis with paired t test showed no significant difference between cadaver dissections versus cone beam measurements. Ninety‐five percent confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: GTW (−0.2 to 1.0), GTH (−0.1 to 0.9), distance IBM/GT (−0.8 to 5.0), MH (−1.3 to −2.6), and MT (−0.1 to 0.3).CONCLUSIONThese results show the accuracy of the 3D cone beam CT in the anatomic location of the genial tubercle.SIGNIFICANCEThis radiographic technique may prove useful in pre‐operative planning for the mandibular osteotomy in genioglossus advancement procedures.
When Socrates met the Buddha: Greek and Indian Dialectic in Hellenistic Bactria and India
Authors: Sick David H. 
Published: June 2007

If with all these openings there had been no exchange whatever between East and West in their literary productions, it would have been strange, to say no more; and though, as I repeat, we have no tangible evidence of anything like translations, whether oriental or occidental, at that time …Those words come from one of Max Müller's last essays ‘Coincidences’, in which he listed the many points of contact between East and West in the period after Alexander the Great's invasion of Bactria and the Indus valley. Müller thought a translation of a literary work from Greek or Latin to Sanskrit or Pāli or vice versa might be the key to resolving the numerous similarities he had found in the myths of East and West, particularly in the sacred texts of Buddhism and Christianity. In fact, according to his son, the collection of these parallels was the project on which Müller was working at his death. Had the father of the Sacred Books of the East lived another half century, he would have had his translation, but, I believe, he would have been disappointed with the profit accrued so far from the discovery.
MEDIEVAL JAPANESE CONSTRUCTIONS OF PEACE AND LIBERTY: MUEN, KUGAI AND RAKU, SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Authors: Amino Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe main text upon which these notes are based (Muen, kugai, raku) was first published as a chapter in a book of essentially the same name in 1978. When the revised edition of the work was published in 1996, voluminous notes were added as an appendix, as a way for Amino to reply to his critics. The present article consists of three notes, one on raku, one on kugai and one comparing the three raku, kugai and muen with the idea of “liberty” (Amino's preferred translation for the Japanese term jiyū). To recapitulate the main text (whose translation appeared in IJAS 4:1), all three terms, originally Buddhist, were used as secular concepts in medieval times to denote people and places outside the control of the political authority. All were characterized by certain “freedoms” or “liberties”, but such connotations disappeared in the course of the seventeenth century with the unification of the country.
MODERN EUROPE AND THE CREATION OF THE “ISLAMIC WORLD”
Authors: Haneda Masashi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article attempts to demonstrate that the notion of “Islamic world” was a creation of the modern age, emanating from north-western Europe in the nineteenth century. The term incorporates two opposing ideological meanings: on the one hand, Europe representing modern, positive values is set against the Islamic world, representing pre-modern, minus values, while on the other hand, the Islamic world was the common bond among all Muslims for their solidarity and unification against European colonialism. The article goes on to investigate why, how and when precisely the two concepts of “Islamic world” were created under the influence of modern European thought. It is stressed that in much of today's discourse too we can still perceive the two different meanings of the term, and this has often led to confusion and misunderstanding in discussion. Modern historians have played a role in substantiating the ideology of the “Islamic world”, because modern historiography has often described political objectives as actual reality.
COPPER COINAGE, RULING POWER AND LOCAL SOCIETY IN MEDIEVAL JAPAN
Authors: Honda Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article studies the role copper coinage, mainly of Chinese origin, played as the currency of preference in medieval Japan and the process by which it replaced commodities as the main medium of exchange. By the late fifteenth century a major watershed in the development of a money economy had been reached, when distinctions began to be made between good-quality coins and others. The practice of shroffing then became widespread. Though both the Bakufu and local magnates attempted to forbid the practice, local needs dictated which coins were circulated. A contrast in usage grew up between “pure coins” (seisen), that is authentic or standard coins, and “inferior coins,” such as those privately minted in Japan and certain Ming coins. Attention is drawn to the need to distinguish between the monetary policy and their financial policy in the anti-shroffing decrees issued by the authorities.
ASPECTS OF CHINESE LEGAL CULTURE – THE ARTICULATION OF WRITTEN LAW, STATE, AND SOCIETY: A REVIEW (PART ONE)
Authors: Bourgon Jérôme 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe International Journal of Asian Studies has published four seminal articles by Japanese scholars of the history of Chinese law (2004–2007). In this issue and the next, an eminent French scholar will analyse and review the articles, adding his perspective to the questions already raised. Part One looks mainly at Shigeo Nakamura's article “Was Traditional Chinese Law a Mere ‘Model’?” and at Osamu Takamizawa's article “Legal Troubles and their Resolution in China: The Interaction of shuolizhe and Xinfuzhe.” The remaining articles, by Hiroaki Terada and Susumu Fuma, will be treated in the next issue.
NASA science problems deeper than dollars
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: June 2007

With little increase in funding at NASA over the last few years and a presidential mandate to go to the Moon and Mars, NASA science has suffered as funds have been redirected to the manned space program. However, the agency could make better use of its existing science funds, according to several witnesses who testified on 2 May before the U.S. House of Representatives Science and Technology Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics.About $3–4 billion was removed from future spending plans for NASA's Science Mission Directorate following the implementation of the Vision for Space Exploration, which was announced in 2004. The recent hearing focused on how this loss of funding could be better managed by three of NASA's four science divisions.
Geoscience research in U.S. national parks
Authors: Higgins Bob 
Published: June 2007

Characterizing volcanic rock alteration in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park to better understand Martian data; developing a groundwater flow model for a Grand Canyon National Park karst aquifer to enhance understanding of the area's drinking water; investigating sand waves on Fire Island National Seashore to help with the interpretation and management of dynamic coast‐lines: Each of these projects has benefited from recent U.S. National Park Service (NPS) research procedure revisions that streamline the NPS's Research Permit and Reporting System.Geology, which forms the foundation of park ecosystems as well as many spectacular views within the national parks, and frames the natural and historic heritage of the United States, is central to the national park concept. The NPS has identified more than 160 national parks with significant geologic resources, including important fossil deposits, dynamic shorelines, karst formations, geothermal systems, and volcanic features. Park museum collections contain over 270,000 geologic and paleontological specimens. Although good management decisions demand understanding the underlying science, about 90% of U.S. national parks and most regional NPS offices lack a geoscientist.
Climate change and disturbance interactions
Authors: McKenzie Don , Allen Craig D. 
Published: June 2007

Warming temperatures across western North America, coupled with increased drought, are expected to exacerbate disturbance regimes, particularly wildfires, insect outbreaks, and invasions of exotic species. Many ecologists and resource managers expect ecosystems to change more rapidly from disturbance effects than from the effects of a changing climate by itself. A particular challenge is to understand the interactions among disturbance regimes; for example, how will massive outbreaks of bark beetles, which kill drought‐stressed trees by feeding on cambial tissues, increase the potential for large severe wildfires in a warming climate?Researchers in climatology, ecosystem science, fire and insect ecology, and landscape modeling from across western North America convened in Tucson, Ariz., for a 2 and a half day intensive workshop to identify new research directions in climate change and disturbance ecology. Four work groups focused on different aspects of the response of disturbance regimes to climate change: (1) extreme events and climatic variability (2) the effects of changing disturbance regimes on ecosystems, (3) disturbance interactions and cumulative effects, and (4) developing new landscape disturbance models. The workshop was structured with the analytic hierarchy process, a decisionsupport method for achieving consensus from diverse groups of experts without sacrificing individual contributions.
Law of the sea, the continental shelf, and marine research
Authors: Hutchinson Deborah R. , Rowland Robert W. 
Published: June 2007

The question of the amount of seabed to which a coastal nation is entitled is addressed in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This treaty, ratified by 153 nations and in force since 1994, specifies national obligations, rights, and jurisdiction in the oceans, and it allows nations a continental shelf out to at least 200 nautical miles or to a maritime boundary. Article 76 (A76) of the convention enables coastal nations to establish their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles and therefore to control, among other things, access for scientific research and the use of seabed resources that would otherwise be considered to lie beyond national jurisdiction.To date, seven submissions for extended continental shelves (ECS) have been filed under UNCLOS (Table 1). These submissions have begun to define the ambiguities in A76. How these ambiguities are resolved into final ECS boundaries will probably set important precedents guiding the future delimitation of the ECS by the United States, which has not ratified the convention, and other coastal nations. This report uses examples from the first three submissions—by the Russian Federation, Brazil, and Australia—to identify outstanding issues encountered in applying A76 to ECS delimitation.
New data set of onset of annual snowmelt on Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Willmes Sascha , Bareiss Jörg , Haas Christian 
Published: June 2007

The annual onset of snowmelt on sea ice is essential for climate monitoring since it triggers a decrease in surface albedo that feeds back into a stronger absorption of shortwave radiation—a process known as the snowmelt‐albedo feedback—and thus strongly modifies the surface energy balance during summer [Curry et al., 1995]. Algorithms designed for the detection of snowmelt on Arctic sea ice and based on longterm passive‐microwave data [Anderson, 1997; Drobot and Anderson, 2001] revealed the melt season in the Arctic from 1979 to 1998 to be significantly elongated and the onset of melt to be shifted toward earlier dates [Drobot and Anderson, 2001; Belchansky et al., 2004].In the Antarctic, however, little effort has been made so far in detecting the length of the summer melt season on sea ice by means of satellite microwave data. This results from the fact that surface melting in the Antarctic differs significantly from corresponding processes in the Arctic [Nicolaus et al., 2006]. The hemispheric differences are supported by extensive field measurements [Massom et al., 2001; Haas et al., 2001 ] and find expression in a reversal of the general surface radar backscatter and brightness temperature (TB) tendencies during summer [Haas, 2001; Kern and Heygster, 2001] : In the Antarctic, sea ice backscatter increases and TB decreases when summer approaches, contrary to the Arctic. Hence, algorithms developed for Arctic sea ice are not applicable on its southern counterpart. As summer air temperatures in the Antarctic rarely rise above 0°C, classical surface melt ponds have never been observed to the extent they appear in the Arctic and the sea ice surface typically remains snow‐covered year‐round. Drinkwater and Liu [2000] investigate snowmelt on Antarctic sea ice based on a method that identifies a decrease in surface radar backscatter. However, they detect melt to be lasting for only some days and exclusively on first‐year ice. Presumably, the backscatter decrease they observe is due to flooding of the snow before the ice underneath finally deteriorates.
Workshop establishes the Northeastern Soil Monitoring Cooperative
Authors: Lawrence Gregory B. , Bailey Scott W. 
Published: June 2007

Environmental monitoring is an essential tool for identifying changes in the biosphere. The need for environmental data has led to national programs to monitor atmospheric deposition, the composition and growth of forests, and the chemistry of lakes and streams in regions affected by acidic deposition. However, there has been no organized effort to monitor changes in soils despite their importance to agriculture, forests, wetlands, and water quality.The lack of attention given to soil monitoring can be attributed, in part, to questions regarding its feasibility Do soil changes occur too slowly to warrant monitoring, or is spatial variability too great to detect change? Within the past 15 years, however, changes in soil chemistry have been measured through repeated sampling in eastern North America and in Europe in a variety of soil types, over sampling intervals as short as 5 years. As the number of studies grows, so too does the recognition that methods of sampling and analysis are not always compatible and methods for archiving are not well developed.