bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adrenergic Inhibition on Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Hyperemia
Authors: Buus Niels H. , Bøttcher Morten , Hermansen Flemming , Sander Mikael , Nielsen Torsten T. , Mulvany Michael J. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundMyocardial perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia is used both in clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease and for scientific investigations of the myocardial microcirculation. The objective of this study was to clarify whether adenosine-induced hyperemia is dependent on endothelial NO production or is influenced by adrenergic mechanisms.Methods and ResultsIn 12 healthy men, myocardial perfusion was measured with PET in 2 protocols performed in random order, each including 3 perfusion measurements. First, perfusion was measured at rest. Second, either saline or the NO synthase inhibitorNG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 4 mg/kg) was infused, and perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia was determined. Last, in both protocols, the α-receptor blocker phentolamine was infused, and perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia was determined again. Resting perfusion was similar in the 2 protocols (0.69±0.14 and 0.66±0.18 mL · min−1· g−1). L-NAME increased mean arterial blood pressure by 12±7 mm Hg (P<0.01) and reduced heart rate by 16±7 bpm (P<0.01). Adenosine-induced hyperemia (1.90±0.33 mL · min−1· g−1) was attenuated by L-NAME (1.50±0.55 mL · min−1· g−1,P<0.01). The addition of phentolamine had no effect on the adenosine-induced hyperemia (2.10±0.34 mL · min−1· g−1,P=NS). In the presence of L-NAME, however, when the adenosine response was attenuated, phentolamine was able to increase hyperemic perfusion (2.05±0.44 mL · min−1· g−1,P<0.05).ConclusionsInhibition of endogenous NO synthesis attenuates myocardial perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia, indicating that coronary vasodilation by adenosine is partly endothelium dependent. α-Adrenergic blockade has no effect on adenosine-induced hyperemia unless NO synthesis is inhibited.
Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events in Controlled, Clinical Trials of Rofecoxib
Authors: Konstam Marvin A. , Weir Matthew R. , Reicin Alise , Shapiro Deborah , Sperling Rhoda S. , Barr Eliav , Gertz Barry J. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundIn comparing aspirin, nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, variation in platelet inhibitory effects exists that may be associated with differential risks of cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events. Among the randomized, controlled trials with the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib, one study demonstrated a significant difference between rofecoxib and its NSAID comparator (naproxen) in the risk of CV thrombotic events. A combined analysis of individual patient data was undertaken to determine whether there was an excess of CV thrombotic events in patients treated with rofecoxib compared with those treated with placebo or nonselective NSAIDs.Methods and ResultsCV thrombotic events were assessed across 23 phase IIb to V rofecoxib studies. Comparisons were made between patients taking rofecoxib and those taking either placebo, naproxen (an NSAID with near-complete inhibition of platelet function throughout its dosing interval), or another nonselective NSAIDs used in the development program (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and nabumetone). The major outcome measure was the combined end point used by the Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration, which includes CV, hemorrhagic, and unknown deaths; nonfatal myocardial infarctions; and nonfatal strokes. More than 28 000 patients, representing >14 000 patient-years at risk, were analyzed. The relative risk for an end point was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.38) when comparing rofecoxib with placebo; 0.79 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.55) when comparing rofecoxib with non-naproxen NSAIDs; and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.69) when comparing rofecoxib with naproxen.ConclusionsThis analysis provides no evidence for an excess of CV events for rofecoxib relative to either placebo or the non-naproxen NSAIDs that were studied. Differences observed between rofecoxib and naproxen are likely the result of the antiplatelet effects of the latter agent.
Expression of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand IP-10 During Human Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: Melter Michael , Exeni Andrea , Reinders Marlies E.J. , Fang James C. , McMahon Gearoid , Ganz Peter , Hancock Wayne W. , Briscoe David M. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundChemokines play an essential role in regulating the infiltration of leukocytes into allografts in experimental models. Little is known of their expression or function after human cardiac transplantation.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed 169 sequential human endomyocardial biopsies by immunocytochemistry for infiltration by CD3+T cells and the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, the expression of each of the chemokine receptors correlated with the degree of CD3+T-cell infiltration. In particular, the expression of CXCR3 was temporally and spatially associated with CD3+T-cell infiltrates and correlated with the histopathological diagnosis of acute rejection (OR, 11.73 and 4.05, respectively;P<0.001). Of 7 patients followed up longitudinally for 1 year, 4 with consecutive biopsies developed intimal thickening by intravascular ultrasound. In these patients, there was a trend for persistent expression of CD3- and CXCR3-expressing infiltrates in the later part of the first posttransplant year. The chemokines eotaxin, IP-10, lymphotactin, MCP-1, Mig, RANTES, and SDF-1 were examined in an additional 35 biopsies by RT-PCR. Eotaxin, lymphotactin, MCP-1, Mig, and SDF-1 were present in both normal and rejecting biopsies. However, the CXCR3 ligand IP-10, which was rarely expressed in normal biopsies, was markedly induced in acute rejection (OR, 19.43;P=0.01).ConclusionsThe presence of CXCR3+T cells and the CXCR3 ligand IP-10 within endomyocardial biopsies is strongly associated with acute rejection. The CXCR3–IP-10 interaction warrants consideration as a therapeutic target in the management of cardiac allograft recipients.
Vascular Hypertrophy and Increased P70S6 Kinase in Mice Lacking the Angiotensin II AT2Receptor
Authors: Brede Marc , Hadamek Kerstin , Meinel Lorenz , Wiesmann Frank , Peters Jörg , Engelhardt Stefan , Simm Andreas , Haase Axel , Lohse Martin J. , Hein Lutz 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundAngiotensin II activates 2 distinct G protein–coupled receptors, the AT1and AT2receptors. Most of the known cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II are mediated by the AT1receptor subtype. The aim of the present study was to test whether deletion of the AT2receptor gene in mice (AT2-KO mice) leads to long-term functional or structural alterations in the cardiovascular system.Methods and ResultsIn vivo pressure responses to angiotensin II or the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine were greatly enhanced in AT2-KO mice. Deletion of the angiotensin AT2receptor did not lead to a compensatory increase of the activity of the circulating renin-angiotensin system, and arterial blood pressure was identical in wild-type control mice (WT) and AT2-KO mice. Cardiac contractility as assessed by LV catheterization and by rapid MRI also did not differ between AT2-KO and WT mice. Isolated femoral arteries from AT2-KO mice, however, showed enhanced vasoconstriction to angiotensin II, norepinephrine, and K+depolarization compared with WT. Morphometric analysis of large and small femoral arteries revealed a significant hypertrophy of media smooth muscle cells. Phospho-P70S6 kinase levels were significantly increased in aortas from AT2-KO mice compared with WT mice. Treatment of mice with an ACE inhibitor for 8 weeks abolished the increased pressure responsiveness, vascular hypertrophy, and enhanced P70S6 kinase phosphorylation in AT2-KO mice.ConclusionsThese results indicate that vascular AT2receptors inhibit the activity and, hence, hypertrophic signaling by the P70S6 kinase in vivo and thus are important regulators of vascular structure and function.
Roles of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Associated With Selective Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade With Valsartan in the Improvement of Inflammation-Induced Vascular Injury
Authors: Wu Lan , Iwai Masaru , Nakagami Hironori , Li Zhen , Chen Rui , Suzuki Jun , Akishita Masahiro , de Gasparo Marc , Horiuchi Masatsugu 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundTo investigate the effect of angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker on vascular remodeling and explore the possibility of the involvement of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2) stimulation in this process, we examined the effects of the selective AT1blocker valsartan on the vascular injury in wild-type (Agtr2+) and AT2-null (Agtr2−) mice.Methods and ResultsNeointima formation and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by cuff placement on the femoral artery were greater in Agtr2− mice than those in Agtr2+ mice. Treatment of mice with valsartan at a dose of 1 mg · kg−1· d−1, which did not influence systolic blood pressure, significantly decreased neointima formation and the proliferation of VSMCs, whereas the valsartan was less effective in Agtr2− mice. Moreover, cuff placement increased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β; and infiltration of CD45-positive leukocytes and macrophages in the injured arteries and further enhanced them in Agtr2− mice, suggesting the antagonistic effects of AT1and AT2for vascular inflammation. Valsartan attenuated the expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages in the injured arteries; however, these effects of valsartan were less prominent in Agtr2− mice.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the stimulation of the AT2receptor after AT1blockade is important in the improvement of the inflammatory vascular injury.
Adenovirus-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Delivery Inhibits Injury-Induced Vascular Neointima Formation
Authors: Tulis David A. , Durante William , Liu XiaoMing , Evans Alida J. , Peyton Kelly J. , Schafer Andrew I. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that systemic pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the inducible isoform of the initial and rate-limiting enzyme for heme catabolism, attenuates neointima formation after experimental vascular injury. We have now investigated the ability of localized adenovirus-mediated HO-1 (Ad-HO-1) gene delivery to modify arterial remodeling after balloon angioplasty.Methods and ResultsTwo weeks after balloon angioplasty in the rat carotid artery, elevated HO-1 protein was observed in the Ad-HO-1 arteries compared with those exposed to empty adenovirus (Ad-E) or to PBS. The arteries exposed to Ad-HO-1 exhibited significantly reduced neointimal area, medial wall area, neointimal area/medial wall area ratio, and neointimal thickness compared with arteries exposed to Ad-E. The Ad-E vessels showed subtle reductions in each morphometric parameter compared with PBS vessels. In a separate group of animals, concomitant treatment of Ad-HO-1 with the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin completely restored each morphometric parameter to control levels. Arteries exposed to Ad-HO-1 demonstrated significantly increased TUNEL labeling of apoptotic nuclei and significantly decreased PCNA labeling of DNA synthesis in the medial wall 48 hours after injury.ConclusionsThese results indicate that HO-1 represents an important in vivo vasoprotective mediator that is capable of attenuating the pathophysiological remodeling response to endovascular injury and suggest that HO-1 may be a novel target for the treatment of vascular disease.
Error Estimation of Buoy, Satellite, and Model Wave Height Data
Authors: Janssen Peter A. E. M. , Abdalla Saleh , Hersbach Hans , Bidlot Jean-Raymond 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Triple collocation is a powerful method to estimate the rms error in each of three collocated datasets, provided the errors are not correlated. Wave height analyses from the operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) wave forecasting system over a 4-yr period are compared with independent buoy data and dependent European Remote Sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) altimeter wave height data, which have been used in the wave analysis. To apply the triple-collocation method, a fourth, independent dataset is obtained from a wave model hindcast without assimilation of altimeter wave observations. The seasonal dependence of the respective errors is discussed and, while in agreement with the properties of the analysis scheme, the wave height analysis is found to have the smallest error.
In this comparison the altimeter wave height data have been obtained from an average over N individual observations. By comparing model wave height with the altimeter superobservations for different values of N, alternative estimates of altimeter and model error are obtained. There is only agreement with the estimates from the triple collocation when the correlation between individual altimeter observations is taken into account.
The collocation method is also applied to estimate the error in Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), ERS-2 altimeter, buoy, model first-guess, and analyzed wave heights. It is shown that there is a high correlation between ENVISAT and ERS-2 wave height error, while the quality of ENVISAT altimeter wave height is high.
The Real-Time Data Management System for Argo Profiling Float Observations
Authors: Schmid Claudia , Molinari Robert L. , Sabina Reyna , Daneshzadeh Yeun-Ho , Xia Xiangdong , Forteza Elizabeth , Yang Huiqin 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Argo is an internationally coordinated program directed at deploying and maintaining an array of 3000 temperature and salinity profiling floats on a global 3° latitude × 3° longitude grid. Argo floats are deployed from research vessels, merchant ships, and aircraft. After launch they sink to a prescribed pressure level (typically 1000–2000 dbar), where most floats remain for 10 days. The floats then return to the surface, collecting temperature and salinity profiles. At the surface they transmit the data to a satellite and sink again to repeat the cycle. As of 10 August 2006 there are 2489 floats reporting data. The International Argo Data Management Team oversees the development and implementation of the data management protocols of Argo. Two types of data systems are active—real time and delayed mode. The real-time system receives the transmissions from the Argo floats, extracts the data, checks their quality, and makes them available to the users. The objective of the real-time system is to provide Argo profiles to the operational and research community within 24 h of their measurement. This requirement makes it necessary to control the quality of the data automatically. The delayed-mode quality control is directed at a more detailed look at the profiles using statistical methods and scientific review of the data. In this paper, the real-time data processing and quality-control methodology is described in detail. Results of the application of these procedures to Argo profiles are described.
Handheld Sun Photometer Measurements from Light Aircraft*
Authors: Porter John N. , Clarke Antony , Reid Jeffrey S. , Reid Elizabeth A. , Shaw Glen , Maring Hal , Kress David 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Handheld sun photometers are typically used to make aerosol optical depth measurements while on the ground. Various investigators, in unrelated efforts, have used handheld sun photometers to make aerosol optical depth measurements from light aircraft, but the strengths and weakness of this approach have not been characterized until now. While the ease and relatively low cost of an aircraft manual sun photometer are attractive, determining if the sun photometer was correctly pointed at the sun for each measurement is the biggest challenge. This problem can be partially addressed by collecting a large number of measurements at each altitude, then manually removing the largest optical depths (misalignment always results in erroneous larger values). Examples of past aircraft manual sun photometer measurements are demonstrating that it is possible to obtain quantitative measurements if sufficient sun photometer measurements are made at each elevation. In order to improve on manual sun photometer measurements, a small webcam was attached to the side of a Microtops sun photometer, and the Microtops sun photometer was triggered by computer control. By detecting the position of the sun in the webcam image, it is possible to determine whether the sun photometer was pointed at the sun correctly when the aerosol optical depth measurement was made. Unfortunately, it was found that the Microtops sun photometer takes ∼1.1 s to scan over the five wavelength channels. This 1.1-s delay proved to be too long, preventing the proposed approach from working as the aircraft was bouncing around.
The Clinician-Patient Partnership Paradigm: Outcomes Associated With Physician Communication Behavior
Authors: Clark Noreen M. , Cabana Michael D. , Nan Bin , Gong Z. Molly , Slish Kathryn K. , Birk Nancy A. , Kaciroti Niko 
Published: September 2007

Objective: To identify physician communication behaviors associated with perceptions of quality of care and predictive of positive patient outcomes. Patients and Methods: A total of 452 families seeing 48 pediatricians for a child's asthma participated. Perceptions and health care use were assessed at baseline and after 12 months through interviews and medical records. The measures used were 10 physician communication behaviors and 6 items describing physician's performance, asthma office visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalization. Results: Positive perceptions of physicians' performance were related to ( P ≤ .05) careful listening, inquiring about at-home management, nonverbal attention, interactive conversation, tailoring short-term goals, and long-term therapeutic plan. Loss in health care use was predicted ( P ≤ .05) by interactive conversation, short-term goals, criteria for decision making, long-term treatment plan, and tailoring according to needs. The use of these techniques did not lengthen the patient visit. A clinician-patient partnership paradigm is provided based on these findings. Conclusions: The specific clinician communication behaviors predicted reduced health care use and positive perceptions of quality of care.
Knowledge and Use of Music Therapy Among Pediatric Practitioners in Michigan
Authors: Mathur Ambika , Duda Laura , Kamat Deepak M. 
Published: September 2007

Objective Increasingly, music therapy is being used, in combination with conventional treatment modalities, as part of the health care treatment plan. The objective of our study was to determine the awareness, knowledge and use of music therapy by members of the Michigan chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics (Michigan AAP) in their health care practice. Methods Members of the Michigan AAP were asked to participate in a survey designed to assess their knowledge and use of music therapy in their health care practice. Results Although the majority of respondents were aware of the use of music therapy in health care settings, very few had referred their own patients for music therapy services. Conclusion Music therapy is an inexpensive and noninvasive treatment modality being used increasingly, especially to alleviate pain, stress, and anxiety among patients in a variety of conditions. Pediatric practitioners in Michigan, who responded to our survey, expressed a strong interest in learning more about music therapy and learning about ways to incorporate music therapy into their health care practice.
LREE distribution patterns in zoned alkali feldspar megacrysts from the
Karkonosze pluton, Bohemian Massif - implications for parental magma
composition
Authors: Słaby E. , Seltmann R. , Kober B. , Müller A. , Galbarczyk-GąSiorowska L. , Jeffries T. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The elemental compositions of zoned alkali feldspar megacrysts from the
Karkonosze pluton have been analysed and Pb isotope ratios determined using
LA-ICP-MS, EMPA and TIMS. The results are used to interpret the magmatic
environments within which they crystallized. Growth zones in the megacrysts show
fluctuating trace element patterns that reflect a systematic relationship between
incompatible LREE and compatible Ba. Chemical gradients
between zones in the cores and rims of the megacrysts are not accompanied by
significant variation in initial Pb isotope composition. The nucleation and
crystallization of the megacrysts is interpreted as having occurred in an
environment of magmatic hybridization caused by mixing of mantle and crustal
components in which effective homogenization of the Pb isotope composition
preceded the onset of megacryst growth. The concentrations of
LREE in alkali feldspar zones were used to
reconstruct hypothetical melt compositions. Some of the zones appear to have
crystallized in an homogenous magmatic environment having clear geochemical
affinities with end-member magmas in the Karkonosze pluton, whereas others
crystallized in heterogeneous domains of magma hybridization. With the exception
of Nd, zones crystallized in more homogeneous magma show
LREE fractionation under near-equilibrium
conditions. Trace element abundances of megacrysts grown in dynamic, homogeneous
magmatic environments of the Karkonosze pluton occasionally deviate from the
predicted patterns and show LREE
impoverishment.
Olmiite, CaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH), the Mn-dominant analogue of
poldervaartite, a new mineral species from Kalahari manganese fields (Republic of
South Africa)
Authors: Bonazzi P. , Bindi L. , Medenbach O. , Pagano R. , Lampronti G. I. , Menchetti S. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Olmiite, ideally CaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH), is a newly
identified mineral from the N’Chwaning II mine of the Kalahari manganese fields
(Republic of South Africa), which occurs as a product of hydrothermal alteration
associated with poldervaartite, celestine, sturmanite, bultfonteinite and
hematite. The mineral occurs as wheat-sheaf aggregates consisting of pale to
intense reddish pink minute crystals. Olmiite is transparent with vitreous lustre,
and exhibits deep-red fluorescence under short-wave UV-light. The mineral is
brittle, with irregular fracture. Streak is white and Mohs hardness is 5–51/2. No
cleavage was observed. The measured density (pycnometer method) is 3.05(3)
g/cm3. The calculated density is 3.102
g/cm3 or 3.109 g/cm3 using the
unit-cell volume from single-crystal or powder data, respectively. Olmiite is
biaxial positive, with refractive indices α = 1.663(1), β = 1.672(1), γ = 1.694(1)
(589 nm), 2Vmeas = 71.8(1)º, 2Vcalc =
66(8)º. The optical orientation is X = a, Y = c, Z = b and dispersion: r > v,
distinct. Pleochroism is not observed. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe
yielded the chemical formula
(Ca2–xMnxFey)[SiO3(OH)](OH),
with 0.84 ≤ x ≤ 0.86, and y ≤ 0.01. Olmiite is orthorhombic, space group Pbca,
with a = 9.249(3), b = 9.076(9), c = 10.342(9) Å , V = 868(1) Å 3 and Z = 8. The
strongest five powder-diffraction lines [d in Å ,
(I/Io), hkl] are: 4.14, (45), 021; 3.19, (100), 122;
2.807, (35), 311; 2.545 (35), 312; 2.361, (40), 223. Single-crystal structure
refinement (R1 = 2.74% for 1012 observed reflections) showed that the atomic
arrangement of olmiite is similar to that of poldervaartite, with all Mnordered
onthe M2 site. Significant variations in bond distances
and angles are related to the pronounced difference in the Mn content. Olmiite,
therefore, is the Mn-dominant analogue of poldervaartite. The name poldervaartite
should be reserved for samples having Ca dominant at the
M2 site.