bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE‐ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE AMYGDALOID COMPLEX IN MAMMALS, ESPECIALLY IN UNGVLATA
Authors: Fukuchi Seiya 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe amygdaloid complex of Ungulata is not so well developed in comparison with that of Carnivora, but a more or less high degree of differentiation than in Rodents, especially in the nucleus T, which likely comes out from the cortical element during the early embryonal period. Cells of this nucleus have a tendency in the adult to get segregated in small glomerulus‐like groups, especially prominent in the cow. Another nuclei T' and M of amygdala proper are also well developed. But the central and medial nuclei E and D appear rather underdeveloped in comparison with those of Rodents. Although the small‐celled nucleus K is generally well developed and separated in numerous groups, the correspondent to the nucleus intercalatus of Rodents can not be detected in Ungulata. The degree of differentiation of periamygdaloid cortex is rather advanced as it is divisible here into 3 parts, PA1, PAi and Pam, very likely corresponding to Pam1, Pam2 and Pam3 of Rose respectively. The nucleus B is here completely separated from the cortex Pam PAi of the horse is complicated in its cellular architecture as it is divisible into two subdivisions. In the cow the whole extept of periamygdaloid cortex is complicated as in the nucleus T, both showing glomerulus‐like cell‐islets. If these complicated features speak for the advanced degree of differentiation of this region with its functional significance parallel going, then the cow or bull might be most developed among the animals concerned, then follow the goat, horse and pig in developmental order downwards. In accordance with the classification in taxology in Ruminantia (cow and goat) and Non‐Ruminantia (pig) of Archiodactyla and in Perissodactyla (horse), the cytoarchitectural patterns are each characteristic in these three groups. As to the fiber connection of the amygdaloid complex, the author has treated several fiber bundles of relatively well recognizable make‐up. Their exact origin and termination have however to be determined by experimental investigation later on. In fact there must be numerous and complicated fibers hitherto untouched by the authors. Indication lies here in this study of Ungulata as it introduced several fiber bundles hitherto unkndwn, seemingly favored by larger form of brains studied. Concerning the islet‐like groups of cells in the cow and goat, the author could not detect any specific fibrous characters even through application of certain axon‐staining method, except that of compactly arranged capsule‐like fibers. The assumption that the amygdala stands so intimately in relation with the cerebral cortex as the thalamus, or that it represents a vegetative centre or that it belongs to the extrapyramidal system, seems to be far from being entirely groundless as far as it concerns with the above mentioned anatomical investigation, but the lack of verification in experimental way leaves things to be entrusted to future researches.
MENINGIOMAS OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN
Authors: Huang Yun Shang 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFive cases of meningiomas of the lateral ventricles are reported in this paper. And a brief survey of the frequency of such meningiomas as compared with all intraventricular tumors is given (11.67–57.32%). As regards the lateralization, the meningiomas in question occur, at least, twice as frequently on the left side as on the right side; the confidence interval of the ratio between the right‐sided and the left‐sided being 8.37–47.55%. Symptoms of such tumors are not uniform and even the ventriculography may fail to yield any information about the tumor. But when a tumor of the lateral ventricle is suspected, particularly on the left side, a meningioma should be considered as a diagnosis of likelihood. Histopat‐hologically, the tumor may take any type common to intracranial meningiomas of other localizations.
EFFECT OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS ON THE ACETYLCHOLINE METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN
Authors: Terayama Koichi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA comparative study in vitro was made on the effect of some antiepileptic drugs upon the Ach metabolism in mouse's brain. The drugs employed for the experiment were 5 phenyl‐5‐ethyl‐barbituric acid (phecobarital) and 5.5‐diphenylhydavtoin (aleviatin), effective against grand mal type of epilepsy, and 3.5, Strimethyl‐oxazolidine ‐2.4‐dione (mkoaleviatin, an effectivum against petit mal type. The purpose was to contribute something elucidating for the mechanism of epilepsy biochemically. ChE activity was examined by the use of homogenate, and Ach sycthesis by the use of slices of brain tissue.The effect upon ChE activity was slightly inhibitory. A tendency reverse in nature was found between the effectiva against grand mal type and that against petit mal type. The result of the joint application of two kinds of drugs was approximately the same as that in the single application of the more effective drug, as far as the inhibitory aspect is concerned.As to the effect upon Ach synthesis, the anti‐grand mal type agents at low concentration rate returned always acceleration, at as high rate as 4 mM per liter, apparent inhibition of a ratio at 16% against the control rate; whereas anti‐petit mal type agent gave at low concentration rate again inhibition in a ratio of 70 60%, at 4 mM per liter 106% against the control case. At rates higher than that, inhibition became intensified, for instance of the maximum title, as high as 45% at 30mM per liter. Thereby, drugs inhered with acceleration at low concentration rate turned inhibitory by joint use of other agents.As the drugs with selective therapeutic effect each upon grand mal type resp. petit mal type proved to work quite different upon Ach metabolism of the brain, the biochemical aspect of epilepsy were discussed in the light of the newly established data, with a few problems for the future mentioned by the way.
HISTAMINE EFFECT UPON THE SYMPTOMS OF LSD25* INTOXICATION
Authors: Yamada Toshiji , Takumi Akira 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHistamine was injected intravenously to nine subjects developing the florid LSD symptoms. It was found that in seven of nine cases the symptoms went inhibited markedly by merit of histamine.The changes in the LSD symptoms under that circumstance were described concretely. On the basis of the results obtained, standard of dose and epoch of histamine usage necessary for obtaining the expected effect was discussed.The inhibitory effect of histamine upon LSD reaction fell very much similar to that of the succinate and the nicotinic acid. In conclusion it is supposed that three drugs shall display their action ultimately in the realm of functional metabolism of the nervous tissues through a common effecting course.
TEE PATHOGENESIS OF EPILEPTIC SEIZIJRE
Authors: Kurosawa Ryoeuke , Hattori Hisashi , Wakoh Toshihisa 
Published: March 2008

SummaryRegistering EEG in epileptics, we measured in parallel the electrolytes in the serum before and after hyperventilation. When the EEG did not show any abnormality during hyperventilation or showed the same abnormality before and during hyperventilation, Na went increased and K went decreased. On the contrary, when the violent discharge was observed at the first times of hyperventilation, Na went decreased and K went increased. The same change was also observable in case of a spontaneus seizure. From these data it may well be assumable that the violent discharge would regularly be accompanied by the outflux of K; namely, a seizure would be the outflux of overladen potassium from the tissue.
STUDIES ON SYNTONIZATION“VOLTAGE IN THE ELECTROMYOGRAM. (1) CHARACTERISTICS OF”SYNTONIZATION“VOLTAGE
Authors: Yoshii Naossburo , Saito Ichiro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors have analyzed the intervals and the standard deviations of characteristic double‐spikes appearing in the EMGs led from the bindlimb muscles such as the gastrocnemius of normal dogs, of anterior‐ or lateral‐funicle‐sectioned dogs as well as normal rabbits, and it is ascertained that the double‐spikes obtained are neither the “crossing‐away” discharges of two distinct NMUs, nor the double discharges of one and the same NMU, nor “doublets” as reported by Landau, and that this is evidently due to two NMUs discharging in certain correlation to each other. This pattern is named syntonization, and its characteristic, different from those of other apparently similar double spikes, are:

The syntonization voltage consists of two single‐spikes of two distinct NMUs, and it can be seen that a long record consists of two parts, namely, the one part in which syntonized spikes appear in succession (designated as “S” in Fig. 1B) and the other in which two series of single spikes, “p” and “q” appear alternately (“PQ” in Fig. 1E). The apparent spike interval (m) in the latter case is about half as much as that of the former.
In the part of successive single spikes (“PQ”), the ratto of average interval (m) to standard deviation (a), i. e. the s̀/m value is greater than in normal NMU‐discharges. On the contrary, if these spikes are regarded as produced by alternate dischargz of two distinct NMUs (p and q) and the rzspective s̀/m values are calculated of p‐ and q‐series, both of these valus approximate to s̀/m value at that part of syntonized spikes.
Syntonization voltages appear at an interval of between 100 and 170 milliseconds (in the gastrocnemius muscles of dogs and rabbits).
When the passive muscle stretch is exerted appropriately weakened, spike discharges become syntonized (EMG record “S”), and when it is intensified, each component of the double‐spikes are separated from each other (EMG record “PQ”).
Simultaneous recording through two electrodes from adj acent two points in a muscle may show the syntonization pattern of two NMUs from one lead and a train of single spikes of one NMU participating in the production of the syntonization, coincidently appearing with the syntonization voltages, from the other.
ACTION OF CHLORPROMAZINE ON THE RESPI‐RATORY SYSTEM OF GUINEA‐PIG BRAIN CELL‐FREE PREPARATIONS*
Authors: Kurokawa M. , Naruse H. , Kato M. , Yabe T. , Haba R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe effects of chlorpromazine on respiration of guinea‐pig brain homogenates and mitochondrial preparations were studied.Chlorpromazine exerts biphasic effect on cytochrome c oxidase system, inhibition and stimulation of oxygen uptake in high (over 10 ‐4 M) and low (below 10‐4 M) concentrations respectively.Succinic dehydrogenase activity is also inhibited by chlarproma zine. Here the stimulatory effect of the drug has not been observed.The inhibition of chlorpromazine on succinic dehydrogenase system can be protected and reactivated by several sulfhydryl reagents.ATP alone does not restore the chlorpromazine‐inhibited enzyme activity (with pyruvate and fumarate as substrates), but if sulfhy dryl reagents co‐exist with ATP, significant restoration is observed. The suggestion was made that chlorpromazine may act on SH‐linkage of the respiratory enzymes.
ANTIGEN‐ANTIBODY REACTION PROVED IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS‘ SPERM
Authors: Oikawa Susumu 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY1. Fresh sperm and DNP of spermic source from long‐standing schizophrenic patients were injected intravenously into rabbits to prepare anti‐serum. Intracutaneous reaction, precipitation reaction, and complement fixation reaction were performed with the said serum on mental patients and normal subject.2. In case of intracutaneous reaction, local rubor became the most extensive after 8–16 hours of injection. A reaction took place in schizophrenic patients especially potently. In anti‐serum cases against fresh sperm, significant differences were observed between reactions in schizophrenic group and normal group. In anti‐serum cases against spermic DNP there were also perceived significant differences between reactions in schizophrenic group and manic‐depressive psychosis, general paresis, psychoneurosis, toxic psychosis as well as normal group.3. There were observable no remarkable differences between sexes in cases of intracutaneous reaction.4. Precipitation reaction was performed between anti‐serum and both sperma exsudate and serum of schizophrenics, manic‐depressive psychosis and normal subject. There was hardly any difference between schizophrenia and manic‐depressive psychosis, but schizophrenia and manic‐depressives showed a little stronger reaction than the normal subject. Neither, it reacted with any serum.5. Complement fixation reactions were made between anti‐serum and both sperma exsudate and serum of schizophrenics, manic‐depressive psychosis and normal subject. As the result, anti‐serum reacted strongly with every sperma exsudates, though there were obtained no findings specific to schizophrenia. Also, there the reaction failed to occur between anti‐serum and every sera samples.
L'AMNÉSIE RÉTROGRADE APRÈS LA CURE D‘ÉLECTROCHOC
Authors: Yamashita Kiyoshi Suzuki et Fumio , Séki Nobuo 
Published: March 2008

RésuméVoici les particularités de l'amnésie observée chez trois schizophrènes qui avaient subi la cure de l'électro‐choc, deux fois par semaine.

Cette amnésie débuta sans inquiétude après la cure.
Elle rétrogradait jusqu'à une huitaine d'années, méme à plus de dix ans précédant le début de la maladie. Pendant ce temps, les malades étaient sains.
L'objet de cette amnésie était total sans File de mémoire ni celle d'oubli.
Cette amnésie manquait d'antérogradation.
Elle n'était pas accompagnée de fabulation.
Les malades s'orientaient toujours correctement.
Ils continuaient sérieusement de tâcher le remplissement d'amnésie.

La structure de cette amnésie est différente de celle du syndrome de Korsakow, mais elle ressemble à celle d'après la cure de Sakel. Nous pensons done que cette amnésie fut provoquée par la cure de l'électro‐choc.
CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL SEIZURE DISCHARGE INDUCED BY BITEMPORAL ELECTROSHOCK IN CAT
Authors: Miyasaka Matué 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBitemporal and bifrontal electroshock (AC.50 cps., threshold voltage, 2 sec.) was applied to twenty five curarized cats, and the pattern of the induced seizure discharge and their regional correlation were studied in the neo‐, paleo‐ (amygdala), archicortex (hippocampus) and subcortical structures. No essential difference of the seizure activity was seen between both electroshock procedures.The seizure activity has tendency to originate in the neocortex (especially in the sensorimotor cortex), and also in the archicortex, but not in the subcortical structures.The seizure discharge in phylogenetically different three cortices often reveals a clear dissociation in the initiation, spreading and termination, together with difference in frequency and voltage.The seizure discharge in the subcortical structures shows closely related activities to the functionally intimate cortex: thalamus and caudate to neocortex; anterior part of hypothalamus and globus pallidus to paleocortex (amygdala); posterior part of hypothalamus and septal region to archicortex (hippocampus).The most important role of the hippocampus in electroshock treatment was discussed.
VENTRICULOLYMPHANGIOSTOMY*
Authors: Yokoyama Ikuzo , Aoki Hideo , Tatebayashi Kinichiro , Hirai Tatsuo , Matsumoto Tetsuo , Fukushima Tadashi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

A new operative method, ventriculolymphangiostomy, intending to drain intraventricular fluid into the thoracic duct was devised. The operative technique consisted of the communication between the lateral ventricle and the thoracic duct at the level of the 9th thoracal vertebra with the aid of a vinyl tube.
The new shunting operation was applied to three patients for the purpose of treating hydrocephalus obstructivus. After the operation the shunting route was demonstrated to be functioning without any severe complications, but obstructed in all the patients within a relatively short period of time, probably in the course of one to two weeks after operation. The occlusion was disclosed to be attributed to the connective tissue proliferation in the thoracic duct.
Our clinical experiences and the results of our experimental studies on the thoracic ducts of living dogs showed that the chief fault of our shunting operation might be the connective tissue proliferation in the recipient place for internal drainage, i. e. an irritative effect of the inserted vinyl tube.
It should be necessary to search for a tube with minimal irritative effect, when used in establishing the shunting route, in order to obtain its persistent patency.
Intragenic deletions in thedystrophingene in 211 Pakistani Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Hassan Muhammad J , Mahmood Saqib , Ali Ghazanfar , Bibi Nazia , Waheed Ishrat , Rafiq Muhammad A , Ansar Muhammad , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground:Deletions of single or multiple exonic regions within thedystrophingene can be detected using current molecular methods in approximately 65% of the patients with X‐linked recessive neuromuscular disorder, Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). Population‐based variations in frequency and distribution ofdystrophingene deletions have been reported in DMD/BMD patients. In the present study, the first in the Pakistani population, frequency and distribution of deletions of 18 exons clustered in two hot spots within the dystrophin gene in 211 unrelated DMD patients were analyzed.Methods:A total of 211 patients suffering from DMD were ascertained, and intragenic deletions within thedystrophingene were detected on polymerase chain reaction amplification of the genomic DNA using 18 primer sets clustered within two major deletion hot spots. lovd v.1.1.0 software from the Leiden Muscular Dystrophy website has been used to predict in‐frame and out‐of‐frame deletions.Results:Intragenic deletions were detected in 86 patients (40.75%): 35 patients (40.69%) had deletions within the proximal hot spot, and 51 patients (59.30%) had deletions confined to the distal deletion hot spot of the dystrophin gene. The most frequently deleted exons were 50, 6, 47, 13 and 52 with deletion frequencies of 15.11%, 12.79%, 10.46%, 8.13%, and 4.65%, respectively. lovd v.1.1.0 predicted out‐of‐frame deletions in 67 DMD patients and in‐frame deletions in 19 DMD patients.Conclusions:The observed proportion of intragenic deletions in the Pakistani population is relatively low, which is comparable with most of the Asian data. Also, deletions in 67 patients (77.9%) are in agreement with the frame‐shift rule.
Is Helicobacter pylori related to endothelial dysfunction during childhood?
Authors: Coskun Senol , Kasirga Erhun , Yilmaz Ozge , Bayindır Petek , Akil Ipek , Yuksel Hasan , Polat Muzaffer , Sanlidag Tamer 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to have a role in the development of atherosclerosis preceded by endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine if a relationship exists between H. pylori infection in childhood and endothelial dysfunction and level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP).Methods: Between October 2003 and November 2004, 28 subjects who were anti‐H. pylori IgG‐positive and 25 who were anti‐H. pylori IgG‐negative were included in the study. Mean ages of the H. pylori‐positive and negative groups were not significantly different. Endothelial functions were evaluated on Doppler ultrasonography of the brachial artery. Percent ratio of the change in systolic diameter during hyperemic phase to the basal diameter was evaluated. Each subject’s serum was tested for hsCRP, homocysteine and lipids.Results: Percent ratio of the change in systolic diameters during hyperemic phase to the basal diameter was not significantly different between the H. pylori‐negative and ‐positive groups (P > 0.29). Mean levels of hsCRP were also not significantly different (1.48 ± 1.8 g/dL vs 2.35 ± 3.33 g/dL; P > 0.24). Similarly, serum levels of lipids and homocysteine were not significantly different (P > 0.05 for all lipids).Conclusions: Non‐invasive techniques used in the present study were not indicative of early findings of atherosclerosis in H. pylori infection during childhood. Further studies are required to evaluate the relationship between early endothelial dysfunction and H. pylori infection in children with cardiovascular risk factors.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis profile in Turkish children
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa , Kendirli Seval G. , Altıntas Derya U. , Karakoc Gulbin B. , Inal Ayfer , Kılıc Mehmet 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders. Publications from different countries point to differences in the disease manifestation of JIA among different populations. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of JIA in Turkish children.Methods: A total of 196 JIA patients who fulfilled International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) diagnostic criteria were included in this retrospective study. The data collected were age, gender, age at disease onset and at diagnosis, and follow‐up duration. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and human leukocyte antigen B‐27 were evaluated for each patient.Results: There were 102 boys and 94 girls with a mean duration of disease of 4.1 years. The mean age at the first visit was 8.8 years, and the mean age at onset of disease was 6.8 years (range, 8 months–15 years). Polyarticular JIA was the most frequent onset type (37.2%). Other subtypes included oligoarthritis (34.2%), systemic arthritis (15.3%), psoriatic arthritis (1%), enthesitis‐related arthritis (9.7%), and other arthritis (2.2%). ANA was positive in 28 patients (14.2%). Chronic uveitis occurred in two patients with oligoarthritis; and two patients with enthesitis‐related arthritis had acute uveitis. Three patients (1.4%) developed amyloidosis.Conclusion: Compared to reports from Western countries, remarkably different features of JIA were found in Turkish children, which included higher frequency of polyarticular JIA, higher prevalence among boys, lower rate of ANA positivity and uveitis. Further studies are required to understand how genetic and environmental differences affect JIA expression.
Are long physician working hours harmful to patient safety?
Authors: Ehara Akira 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Pediatricians of Japanese hospitals including not only residents but also attending physicians work long hours, and 8% work for >79 h per week. Most of them work consecutively for ≥32 h when they are on call. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long work hours on patient safety.Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE to searched identify the English‐ and Japanese‐language literature for studies on work hours, medical errors, patient safety, and malpractice for years 1966–2005. Studies that analyzed the relationship between physician work hours and outcomes directly related to patient safety were selected.Results: Seven studies met the criteria. Four studies suggest that reduction of work hours has a favorable effect on patient safety indicators. In the other three studies no significant changes of the indicators were observed, but no report found that shorter work hours were harmful to patient safety.Conclusion: Decrease of physician work hours is not harmful but favorable to patient safety.