bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailor‐made surgical guide based on rapid prototyping technique for cup insertion in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hananouchi Takehito , Saito Masanobu , Koyama Tsuyoshi , Hagio Keisuke , Murase Tsuyoshi , Sugano Nobuhiko , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundA surgical guide made by the rapid prototyping (RP) technique for cup insertion in total hip arthroplasty might be useful to avoid malalignment of the cup, which indicates postoperative complications.MethodsTo address this research question, we applied a RP‐based guide to 24 patients with their CT images. We designed it to fit onto the acetabular edge and to insert a Kirschner wire (K‐wire) which indicated a planned cup direction. We intraoperatively placed it on the acetabular edge, inserted the K‐wire through the guide on the superior acetabulum and implanted the cup while observing the alignment of the K‐wire. We also recorded the additional time needed to use the guide.ResultsThe mean cup accuracy between planned and postoperative alignments was 2.8° (SD = 2.1° ) for abduction and 3.7° (SD = 2.7° ) for anteversion. The mean additional time was 3.5 (range 2–6) min.ConclusionWe can use this guide with acceptable accuracy and without consuming an excessive amount of time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association Rules Network: Definition and Applications
Authors: Pandey Gaurav , Chawla Sanjay , Poon Simon , Arunasalam Bavani , Davis Joseph G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe role of data mining is to search “the space of candidate hypotheses” to offer solutions, whereas the role of statistics is to validate the hypotheses offered by the data‐mining process. In this paper we propose Association Rules Networks (ARNs) as a structure for synthesizing, pruning, and analyzing a collection of association rules to construct candidate hypotheses. From a knowledge discovery perspective, ARNs allow for a goal‐centric, context‐driven analysis of the output of association rules algorithms. From a mathematical perspective, ARNs are instances of backward‐directed hypergraphs. Using two extensive case studies, we show how ARNs and statistical theory can be combined to generate and test hypotheses. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 260‐279, 2009
A comparison of binary models dealing with an extraneous effect relating to the main risk factor, but not relating to the outcome variable
Authors: Fu Chong Yau , Yang Ya‐Wen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn a binary model relating a response variable Y to a risk factor X, account may need to take of an extraneous effect Z that is related to X, but not Y. This is known as the association pattern Y−X−Z. The extraneous variable Z is commonly included in models as a covariate. This paper concerns binary models, and investigates the use of deviation from the group mean (D‐GM) and deviation from the fitted fractional polynomial value (D‐FP) for removing the extraneous effect of Z.In a simulation study, D‐FP performed excellently, while the performance of D‐GM was slightly worse than the traditional method of treating Z as a covariate. In addition, estimators with excessive mean square errors or standard errors cannot occur when D‐GM or D‐FP is employed, even in small or sparse data sets.The Y−X−Z association pattern studied here often occurs in fetal studies, where the fetal measurement (X) varies with the gestation age (Z), but gestation age does not relate to the outcome variable (Y; e.g. Down's syndrome). D‐GM and D‐FP perform well with illustrative data from fetal studies, although there is a weak association between X and Z with a lower proportion of case subjects (e.g. 11:1, control to case).It is not necessary to add a new covariate when a model deals with the extraneous effect. The D‐FP or D‐GM methods perform well with the real data studied here, and moreover, D‐FP demonstrated excellent performance in simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an amphiphilic resin‐dispersion of nanopalladium and nanoplatinum catalysts: Design, preparation, and their use in green organic transformations
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoichi M. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn amphiphilic polymer resin‐dispersion of nanoparticles of palladium was designed and prepared with a view toward use for catalysis in water. The amphiphilic polystyrene‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PS‐PEG) resin‐dispersion of nanoparticles of palladium exhibited high catalytic performance in the hydrodechlorination of chloroarenes under aqueous conditions. The amphiphilic resin‐supported nanopalladium and nanoplatinum particles also catalyzed aerobic oxidation of various alcohols including nonactivated aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols, which is one of the most fundamental and important yet immature processes in organic chemistry, in water under an atmospheric pressure of oxygen gas to form aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids to meet green chemical requirements. Viologen polymer‐supported nanopalladium catalyst realized α‐alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols as the alkylating agents. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 51–65; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20165
Value of endometrial thickness measurement for diagnosing focal intrauterine pathology in women without abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Dreisler E. , Sorensen S. Stampe , Ibsen P. H. , Lose G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic value of transvaginal sonographic (TVS) measurement of endometrial thickness for diagnosing focal intrauterine pathology in women without abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).MethodsA random selection from the Danish Civil Registration System was made: 1660 women aged 20–74 years were invited to participate and 686 women were eligible and accepted inclusion (429 pre‐ and 257 postmenopausal). The women underwent TVS measurement of endometrial thickness and saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH). Hysteroscopic resection with histopathology (gold standard) was performed when focal intrauterine pathology was suspected at SCSH. We excluded women with AUB (n = 237), failure of SCSH (n = 50), a scan that was not in the follicular phase (n = 11), hysteroscopy contraindicated (n = 2), and users of sequential hormone therapy (n = 9) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (n = 2). Thus, 375 women without AUB were included (217 pre‐ and 158 postmenopausal). Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves for endometrial thickness and focal lesion were analyzed.ResultsFocal intrauterine pathology was confirmed in 41 women (35 with polyps, five with submucosal myomas and one with polypoidal growing cancer). For premenopausal women, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.89) and for postmenopausal women it was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.92). For premenopausal women, the best negative likelihood ratio (LR− = 0.11) was obtained at an endometrial thickness of 5.2 mm, with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 10%. For postmenopausal women the best LR− (0.08) was obtained at an endometrial thickness of 2.8 mm, with a NPV of 99% and a PPV of 26%.ConclusionsIn women without AUB, TVS measurement of endometrial thickness is a poor diagnostic test, but is apparently efficacious in excluding focal intrauterine pathology, especially in postmenopausal women. The 4–5‐mm threshold conventionally used to exclude endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding is not transferable to women without AUB for excluding focal intrauterine pathology. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jugular lymphatic sacs in first‐trimester fetuses with normal nuchal translucency
Authors: de Mooij Y. M. , Bekker M. N. , Spreeuwenberg M. D. , van Vugt J. M. G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the ultrasonographic appearance of the jugular lymphatic sacs (JLS) in first‐trimester fetuses with a normal nuchal translucency (NT).MethodsSeventy‐five fetuses with a normal NT thickness (< 95th percentile) were examined weekly between 11 and 17 weeks of gestation. After measurement of the NT thickness, the neck region was examined using both transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography for the presence of JLS. If present, their dimensions were measured in three directions and the volume was calculated using the formula for a spheroid. Data were analyzed using multilevel analysis.ResultsSeventy‐five fetuses were evaluated and a total of 243 ultrasound examinations of the neck region were performed. In 25 (33%) of the 75 fetuses, the JLS could be observed once or more than once. In 19 fetuses JLS were visualized once, in five fetuses twice and in one fetus three times. In total, the JLS were visualized 32 times (n = 15 bilaterally, n = 15 only the left JLS and n = 2 only the right JLS). Relatively greater NT thickness was associated with a higher probability of the presence of JLS, although this was not statistically significant (NT < 1 mm, probability 0.07; NT 1–2 mm, probability 0.15, P = 0.10; NT > 2 mm, probability 0.20, P = 0.08). Gestational age was predictive for the presence of JLS, with the highest probability between 13 and 15 weeks of gestation (P < 0.01). No relationship was found between gestational age and the volumes of the left and right JLS.ConclusionThe JLS can be visualized on ultrasound examination in a significant proportion of fetuses with normal NT, most often between 13 and 15 weeks of gestation, and this does not seem to be associated with any abnormality in these fetuses. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal nasal bone in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11–13 weeks of gestation
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Cicero S. , Staboulidou I. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the performance of first‐trimester screening for aneuploidies by including assessment of the fetal nasal bone in the combined test of maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, fetal heart rate (FHR) and serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A).MethodsScreening by the combined test was performed in singleton pregnancies, including 19 614 with euploid fetuses, 122 with trisomy 21, 36 with trisomy 18, 20 with trisomy 13 and eight with Turner syndrome. In all cases the fetal nasal bone was assessed and classified as present or absent. We examined the performance of two screening strategies: firstly, assessment of the nasal bone in all patients and secondly, first‐stage screening using the combined test in all patients followed by second‐stage assessment of the nasal bone only in those with an intermediate risk of 1 in 51 to 1 in 1000 after the first stage. To validate the new risk algorithm we used a second independent dataset of 19 651 fetuses, including 139 with trisomy 21.ResultsThe nasal bone was absent in 2.6% of the euploid fetuses, 59.8% with trisomy 21, 52.8% with trisomy 18, 45.0% with trisomy 13 and in none of the fetuses with Turner syndrome. Respective figures for an absent nasal bone in the validation population, which contained fewer Black women, were 0.6%, 62.6%, 55.3%, 35.3% and 41.7%. In a screening policy based on maternal age, fetal NT, FHR, serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A, for a fixed risk cut‐off of 1 : 100, the false‐positive rate was 3.0%. The standardized detection rates were 91% for trisomy 21 and 100% for trisomy 18, trisomy 13 and Turner syndrome, respectively. Assessment of the nasal bone in all pregnancies reduced the false‐positive rate to 2.5% without changing the detection rate. A detection rate of 93% was achieved with the two‐stage strategy at a false‐positive rate of 2.4% in which it was necessary to assess the nasal bone in only 15% of the total population. In the validation dataset, screening by the combined test and using a risk cut‐off of 1 : 100 detected 90% of the cases with trisomy 21 for a false‐positive rate of 4%. Inclusion of the nasal bone increased the detection rate to 92% for a false‐positive rate of 2.9%. Contingent screening detected 92% of cases for a false‐positive rate of 2.9%.ConclusionsAssessment of the fetal nasal bone improves the performance of first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The habitat‐creation potential of offshore wind farms
Authors: Wilson Jennifer C. , Elliott Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOffshore wind farms are the subject of environmental impact assessments in which potential adverse effects are identified and quantified. Those impacts will then require to be mitigated through appropriate design, construction and operation methods. Where environmental impacts cannot be mitigated, operators would be required to compensate the environment or its users for any actual or potential damage. The present study shows that the placement of offshore wind turbines gives the potential for habitat creation, which may thus be regarded as compensation for habitat lost. Using current design criteria and construction methods, the analysis here indicates that the net amount of habitat created by the most common design of offshore wind turbine, the monopile, is up to 2.5 times the amount of area lost through the placement, thus providing a net gain even though the gained habitat may be of a different character to the one that lost. Hence, the study raises important issues for marine nature conservation managers. The study also provides suggestions for further work in order to increase the empirical evidence for the value of mitigation, compensation and habitat creation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiling of the bottom fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus orthologous genes using oligonucleotide microarrays
Authors: Minato Toshiko , Yoshida Satoshi , Ishiguro Tatsuji , Shimada Emiko , Mizutani Satoru , Kobayashi Osamu , Yoshimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe bottom fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus is reported to have arisen as a natural hybrid of two yeast strains, S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus. The S. pastorianus genome includes S. cerevisiae‐type (Sc‐type) genes and orthologous lager‐fermenting‐yeast specific‐type (Lg‐type) genes derived from S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus, respectively. To gain insights into the physiological properties of S. pastorianus, we developed an in situ synthesized 60‐mer oligonucleotide microarray for gene expression monitoring of these orthologous genes, consisting of approximately 6600 Sc‐type genes and 3200 Lg‐type genes. A comparison of the transcriptional profile of orthologous genes (e.g. Sc‐type and Lg‐type genes) in S. cerevisiae or S. bayanus demonstrated the feasibility of performing gene expression studies with this microarray. Genome‐wide analysis of S. pastorianus with this microarray could clearly distinguish more than 67% of the expressed orthologous genes. Furthermore, it was shown that the gene expression of particular Lg‐type genes differed from that of the orthologous Sc‐type genes, suggesting that some Lg‐type and Sc‐type genes may have different functional roles. We conclude that the oligonucleotide microarray that we constructed is a powerful tool for the monitoring of gene expression of the orthologous genes of S. pastorianus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small epitope‐linker modules for PCR‐based C‐terminal tagging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Funakoshi Minoru , Hochstrasser Mark 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPCR‐mediated gene modification is a powerful approach to the functional analysis of genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One application of this method is epitope‐tagging of a gene to analyse the corresponding protein by immunological methods. However, the number of epitope tags available in a convenient format is still low, and interference with protein function by the epitope, particularly if it is large, is not uncommon. To address these limitations and broaden the utility of the method, we constructed a set of convenient template plasmids designed for PCR‐based C‐terminal tagging with 10 different, relatively short peptide sequences that are recognized by commercially available monoclonal antibodies. The encoded tags are FLAG, 3 × FLAG, T7, His‐tag, Strep‐tag II, S‐tag, Myc, HSV, VSV‐G and V5. The same pair of primers can be used to construct tagged alleles of a gene of interest with any of the 10 tags. In addition, a six‐glycine linker sequence is inserted upstream of these tags to minimize the influence of the tag on the target protein and maximize its accessibility for antibody binding. Three marker genes, HIS3MX6, kanMX6 and hphMX4, are available for each epitope. We demonstrate the utility of the new tags for both immunoblotting and one‐step affinity purification of the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome. The set of plasmids has been deposited in the non‐profit plasmid repository Addgene (http://www.addgene.org). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its relation to alkaline pH tolerance
Authors: Yazawa Hisashi , Iwahashi Hitoshi , Kamisaka Yasushi , Kimura Kazuyoshi , Uemura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae produces saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of 16‐ and 18‐carbon atoms and no polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with more than two double bonds. To study the biological significance of PUFAs in yeast, we introduced Kluyveromyces lactis Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (KlFAD2) and ω3 fatty acid desaturase (KlFAD3) genes into S. cerevisiae to produce linoleic and α‐linolenic acids in S. cerevisiae. The strain producing linoleic and α‐linolenic acids showed an alkaline pH‐tolerant phenotype. DNA microarray analyses showed that the transcription of a set of genes whose expressions are under the repression of Rim101p were downregulated in this strain, suggesting that Rim101p, a transcriptional repressor which governs the ion tolerance, was activated. In line with this activation, the strain also showed elevated resistance to Li+ and Na+ ions and to zymolyase, a yeast lytic enzyme preparation containing mainly β‐1,3‐glucanase, indicating that the cell wall integrity was also strengthened in this strain. Our findings demonstrate a novel influence of PUFA production on transcriptional control that is likely to play an important role in the early stage of alkaline stress response. The Accession No. for microarray data in the Center for Information Biology Gene Expression database is CBX68. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and Pathologic Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in Advanced Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Akutsu Yasunori , Matsubara Hisahiro , Shuto Kiyohiko , Uesato Masaya , Mori Mikito , Hoshino Isamu , Shiratori Toru , Miyazawa Yukimasa , Ito Hisao , Uno Takashi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundChemoradiation therapy (CRT) has the strongest antitumor effect against local tumors of esophageal cancer; however, no standard strategy has yet been established to achieve a clinical complete response (CR) after CRT. The aim of this study was to clarify when a decision can be made to perform further treatment for a clinical CR.MethodsWe evaluated 78 patients that underwent an esophagectomy after neoadjuvant CRT in our department between 1998 and 2007. The study investigated the clinical and pathologic results of neoadjuvant CRT.ResultsOf the 78 cases, 19 (24.3%) were a pathologic CR (Grade 3). Pathologic CR could be estimated in only 3 of 8 clinical CR cases (37.5%). On the other hand, 12 (20.7%) of the 58 clinical partial response (PR) cases achieved pathologic CR. Likewise, 4 cases (36.4%) achieved pathologic CR among the clinical no change/progressive disease (NC/PD) patients.ConclusionsThe clinical evaluation for CRT does not reflect the pathologic effectiveness and, even if clinical CR was achieved, viable cancer cells were still present at the primary site in the majority of the population.
Genetic Library: Grief and Bereavement
Authors: Sebold Courtney , Koil Christine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs genetic counselors, we frequently encounter families that have experienced a significant loss, be it a pregnancy, a child, or a parent. The purpose of this Genetic Library is to introduce genetic counselors to some of the research that is currently being conducted in the areas of grief and bereavement support, as well as end‐of‐life care. Of course, it is impossible to capture the richness of these articles in one or two paragraphs. We therefore encourage interested genetic counselors to request and review the full version of these papers.
Self-Assembled 3D Flower-Like Hierarchical β-Ni(OH)2Hollow Architectures and their In Situ Thermal Conversion to NiO
Authors: Zhu Lu-Ping , Liao Gui-Hong , Yang Yang , Xiao Hong-Mei , Wang Ji-Fen , Fu Shao-Yun 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) flower-like hierarchicalβ-Ni(OH)2hollow architectures were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The as-obtained products were well characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM (HRTEM), SAED, and DSC-TGA. It was shown that the 3D flower-like hierarchicalβ-Ni(OH)2hollow architectures with a diameter of several micrometers are assembled from nanosheets with a thickness of 10–20 nm and a width of 0.5–2.5 μm. A rational mechanism of formation was proposed on the basis of a range of contrasting experiments. 3D flower-like hierarchical NiO hollow architectures with porous structure were obtained after thermal decomposition at appropriate temperatures. UV–Vis spectra reveal that the band gap of the as-synthesized NiO samples was about 3.57 eV, exhibiting obviously red shift compared with the bulk counterpart.
Thyroid gland management in total laryngectomy: Meta‐analysis and surgical recommendations
Authors: Mendelson Asher A. , Al‐Khatib Talal A. , Julien Marilyse , Payne Richard J. , Black Martin J. , Hier Michael P. 
Published: February 2009

Objectives1) Review the incidence of thyroid gland invasion by squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma reported in the literature. 2) Assess the association between thyroid gland invasion and anatomical characteristics of the laryngeal tumor.Data SourcesMEDLINE (1967‐2007) and EMBASE (1980‐2007). These databases were supplemented with 61 patients from McGill University who underwent total laryngectomy with hemi‐ or total thyroidectomy from 2001‐2006.Review MethodsSystematic review for series of laryngeal carcinoma that commented on thyroid gland invasion according to tumor subsite and pathological characteristics. Total laryngectomy specimens for primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with concomitant thyroid resection were included in the analysis.ResultsIn total, eight series (n = 399) were included in the meta‐analysis. Thyroid gland invasion was present in 33 laryngectomy specimens (8%); the principal method of invasion of the gland was by direct extralaryngeal extension. Subglottic extension > 10 mm (OR 7.22 [2.05 to 25.46]; P = 0.002), transglottic tumors (OR 3.23 [1.16 to 9.00]; P = 0.025), and subglottic subsite (OR 5.66 [1.34 to 23.87]; P = 0.018) were all significantly associated with thyroid gland invasion. Cartilaginous invasion by tumor was not a significant predictor of thyroid gland invasion (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThyroid gland invasion is not a general feature of squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. When present, it is strongly associated with anteroinferior spread of advanced laryngeal tumors. Thyroidectomy may only be required during total laryngectomy for transglottic tumors, subglottic tumors, and tumors with subglottic extension >10 mm.