bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical solution to 1D coupled water infiltration and deformation in unsaturated soils
Authors: Wu L. Z. , Zhang L. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn analytical solution to 1D coupled water infiltration and deformation is derived using a Fourier integral transform. Exponential functional forms are used to represent the hydraulic conductivity–pore‐water pressure relationship and the soil‐water characteristic curve. Fredlund's incremental‐linear constitutive model for unsaturated soils is adopted. The analytical solution considers arbitrary initial pore‐water pressure distributions and flux and pressure boundary conditions. The corresponding analytical solutions to coupled steady‐state problems are also obtained. The analytical solutions demonstrate that the coupling of seepage and deformation plays an important role in water infiltration in unsaturated soils. In the early stages of infiltration, the difference between uncoupled and coupled conditions becomes marked over time, and in late stages, the difference caused by the coupling effects diminishes toward the steady state. The difference between the uncoupled and coupled conditions increases with decreasing desaturation coefficient (α). Pore‐water pressure or deformation changes caused by the coupling effects are mainly controlled by the degree of soil volume change due to a change in soil suction (H). The smaller the absolute value of H, the greater the effect of coupling on the infiltration and deformation. The ratio of rainfall intensity to saturated permeability (q/ks) also has a strong influence on the coupled seepage and deformation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric squamous cell carcinoma arising in an alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing mature cystic teratoma of the mandible
Authors: Cabay Robert J. , Setty Suman , Schwartz Joel L. , Yao Mike , Schmidt Mary Lou , Gordon Sara C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTeratomas, most often diagnosed in younger patients, represent the most frequently identified subtype of pediatric germ cell tumors. It is very uncommon for teratomas to present in the head and neck region and demonstrate malignant transformation. We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in an alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing cystic teratoma of the mandible in a 2‐year‐old female that is, to the best of our knowledge, the first such published report. The patient was treated with surgical excision along with chemotherapy and has remained disease‐free 2 years after the conclusion of therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:130–132. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of rituximab and ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy in children with recurrent/refractory B‐cell (CD20+) non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Griffin Timothy C. , Weitzman Sheila , Weinstein Howard , Chang Myron , Cairo Mitchell , Hutchison Robert , Shiramizu Bruce , Wiley Joseph , Woods Deborah , Barnich Margaret , Gross Thomas G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate the response rate and therapy related toxicities of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab when combined with chemotherapy including ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) in patients with relapsed and refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL).MethodsPatients received rituximab and ICE for 1–3 cycles, depending upon response. Rituximab (375 mg/m2) was given on day 1 and 3 of each cycle (day 1 only for cycle 3), with ifosfamide (3,000 mg/m2) and etoposide (100 mg/m2) given on days 3, 4, and 5 and carboplatin (635 mg/m2) given on day 3 only.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were enrolled, of whom 20 were eligible and evaluable. Although hematologic toxicities were common, only one patient was removed from study due to prolonged myelosuppression. Toxicities related to infusions of rituximab were frequent but manageable. Of the six eligible patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, three achieved complete remission (CR), one had stable disease (SD), and two had progressive disease (PD). Of the 14 eligible patients with Burkitt lymphoma and B‐ALL, there were four complete responses (CR), five partial responses (PR), one SD, and four with PD. Thus, the CR/PR rate for the entire group was 12/20 (60%). Following completion of protocol therapy six patients were able to proceed to consolidation with high‐dose therapy and stem cell rescue.ConclusionsThe combination of rituximab and ICE chemotherapy was associated with an encouraging objective response (OR) rate and an acceptable toxicity profile. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:177–181. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in very young infants
Authors: Tanoshima Reo , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Hokosaki Tatsunori , Yamaguchi Kazuko , Goto Shoko , Kai Sumio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe report three cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in infants within the first 6 weeks of life. Diagnosis of HLH was made early after symptoms started. All three cases were successfully treated with dexamethasone and none relapsed, indicating that not all cases of HLH in very young infants are familial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:137–139. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of Wilms tumors in Drash and Frasier syndromes
Authors: Auber F. , Jeanpierre C. , Denamur E. , Jaubert F. , Schleiermacher G. , Patte C. , Cabrol S. , Leverger G. , Nihoul‐Fékété C. , Sarnacki S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundChildren with WT1 gene‐related disorders such as Denys–Drash syndrome (DDS) and Frasier syndrome (FS) are at increased risk of Wilms tumor and end‐stage renal disease. We investigated whether Wilms tumors in these patients displayed a specific phenotype or behavior and whether nephron‐sparing surgery was beneficial.ProcedureWe retrospectively studied all patients with DDS, FS, or other WT1 mutations treated at our institutions between 1980 and 2007.ResultsWe identified 20 patients, of whom 18 had benign or malignant tumors. Wilms tumors occurred in 15 patients, being unilateral in 10 and bilateral in 5 (20 tumors). Median age at Wilms tumor diagnosis was 9 months. No patients had metastases. According to the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Working Classification, there were 19 intermediate‐risk tumors and one high‐risk tumor; no tumor was anaplastic. In patients with nephropathy who underwent unilateral nephrectomy for Wilms tumor or nephron‐sparing surgery for bilateral Wilms tumor, mean time to dialysis was 11 or 9 months, respectively. Other tumors included three gonadoblastomas (in two patients), one retroperitoneal soft‐tissue tumor, and one transitional cell papilloma of the bladder. Two patients, both with stage I Wilms tumor, died from end‐stage renal disease‐related complications. The median follow‐up time for the 18 survivors was 136 months (range, 17–224 months).ConclusionMost Wilms tumors in children with WT1‐related disorders were early‐stage and intermediate‐risk tumors, with a young age at diagnosis. In patients without end‐stage renal disease, nephron‐sparing surgery should be considered for delaying the onset of renal failure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:55–59. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total body bone measurements: A cross‐sectional study in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during and following completion of therapy
Authors: Kelly Kara M. , Thornton John C. , Hughes Deborah , Osunkwo Ifeyinwa , Weiner Michael , Wang Jack , Horlick Mary 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundAbnormalities in bone mineral density (BMD) occur in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, BMD estimates have been performed using varied instruments, reference data, and interpretations. This exploratory cross sectional study to evaluate bone mass in children with ALL, uses an algorithm that serially adjusts for variables known to affect pediatric bone measures by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), based on models developed in 1,218 healthy children and adolescents.ProcedureAnthropometry, DXA scans, and factors with possible influence on bone mass were evaluated in 21 ALL patients receiving chemotherapy and 20 in the follow‐up phase. Main outcome was treatment group differences in Z‐scores for total body bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (Area), and areal BMD (aBMD).ResultsMean Z‐scores for the entire study population for BMC, Area, and aBMD were significantly less than zero. Among possible contributing factors, only calcium intake was a significant co‐variate. Comparison between treatment groups showed that least‐square mean Z‐scores for patients on‐therapy for at least 12 months were significantly lower than those off therapy for at least 12 months (P: 0.0008–0.044), except for BMC at last step of the algorithm (adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, height, weight, and bone area).ConclusionsEvaluation of total body DXA by this algorithm is consistent with better general bone status in those off‐therapy. However, in this small exploratory study, the lack of significant difference between Z‐scores for fully adjusted BMC in on‐ versus off‐therapy groups suggests possible risk of low peak bone mass. Additional longitudinal evaluation is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:33–38. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tensile modulus modeling of carbon‐filled liquid crystal polymer composites
Authors: Keith Jason M. , King Julia A. , Miskioglu Ibrahim , Roache Samuel C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractElectrically and thermally conductive resins can be produced by adding conductive fillers to insulating polymers. Mechanical properties, such as tensile modulus, are also important. This research focused on performing compounding runs followed by injection molding and tensile testing of carbon‐filled Vectra liquid crystal polymer. The two carbon fillers investigated were Thermocarb synthetic graphite particles and Fortafil carbon fiber at varying filler amounts. The tensile modulus experimental results were compared to results predicted by several different models. It was found that the Halpin Tsai 2D Randomly Oriented fiber model provided the best fit to the experimental data. The degree of filler‐polymer adhesion was also studied with nanoscratch tests for synthetic graphite and carbon fiber fillers in three polymers: Vectra, nylon 6,6, and polycarbonate. The adhesion trends seen in the nanoscratch tests showed qualitative agreement with the tensile modulus, and should be considered in formulating advanced tensile modulus models. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication and characterization of 100% green composite: Thermoplastic based on wheat flour reinforced by flax fibers
Authors: Saiah R. , Sreekumar P.A. , Gopalakrishnan P. , Leblanc N. , Gattin R. , Saiter J.M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBiocomposites having flax fibers as reinforcement in wheat flour based thermoplastic matrix were prepared by extrusion method. The fiber content of the composites varied from 0% to 20% w/w. The structure and morphology of the fiber and composites prepared were studied using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron micrograph methods. The mechanical properties such as stress at failure, strain at failure, and tensile modulus were studied as a function of fiber content. The incorporation of fiber to the matrix increased the tensile properties and is maximum for the composite having a fiber loading of 20% w/w. Thermal stability of the fiber and the composite having various fiber content (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% w/w) was analyzed by thermogravimetric method. There is no significant variation in the thermal stability of the composites. Finally, comparative studies of the mechanical properties were done to evaluate the efficiency of this new system. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Application of polymer gel electrolyte with graphite powder in quasi‐solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Li Qinghua , Wu Jihuai , Tang Qunwei , Lan Zhang , Li Pinjiang , Zhang Tingting 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA polymer gel electrolyte with ionic conductivity of 5.11 mS cm−1 was prepared by using poly (acrylonitrile‐co‐styrene) as polymer matrix, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran as binary organic mixture solvent, NaI + I2 as electrolyte, graphite powder and 1‐methylimidazole as additives. The components ratio of the polymer gel electrolyte was optimized, and the influence of the components and temperature on the ionic conductivity of the polymer gel electrolyte and photoelectronic properties of dye sensitized solar cell were investigated. On the basis of the polymer gel electrolyte with the optimized conditions, a quasi‐solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its light‐ to‐electricity energy conversion efficiency of 3.25% was achieved under irradiation of 100 mW cm−2. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Compressive damage in filament‐wound carbon/carbon composites
Authors: Kuo Wen‐Shyong , Ko Tse‐Hao , Wu Shang‐Yi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe processing characteristics and the induced compressive damage in filament‐wound carbon/carbon composites were examined. Tubular carbon/phenolic composites were made by the filament winding method. The inside diameter was 25.4 mm and the nominal thickness was 2.5 mm. The cured composites were then carbonized. Three more cycles of matrix densification were repeated. After densification, the composites were graphitized at 2600°C. Compressive tests were then carried out for the cured, carbonized, and graphitized composites. The load was applied directly on the end of the tube. The loading response and the induced damage were studied. Their microscopic fracture behaviors were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. With the heating temperature increased, the damage modes shifted from a ductile fracture in the cured composites to a more brittle fracture in the graphitized composites. The resulting strength and stiffness were also decreased significantly with the temperature. Kinking of fibers was the major mode in the cured specimens, while separation of bundles became more prominent in the graphitized specimens. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flow behavior of unsaturated polyester resin—Microsized 17‐4PH stainless steel powder—Feedstocks
Authors: Hanemann T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFor the realization of stainless steel parts carrying either surface relief microstructures or possessing dimensions in submillimeter‐range the different variants of micro injection molding are suitable replication techniques, followed by thermal postprocessing like debinding and sintering. With respect to warpage‐free sintered parts the initial solid load in the feedstock should be as large as possible. A reduction of the binder viscosity enables a reduction of the feedstock viscosity; hence, larger solid loads can be achieved. Using an unsaturated polyester binder, diluted with different amounts of the reactive thinner styrene, feedstocks with a solid content up to 46 vol% were realized. The influence of the filler on the feedstock viscosity, the maximum accessible load and the flow activation energy was investigated intensely. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Immunochromatographic assay for the detection of pseudojujubogenin glycosides
Authors: Imsungnoen Natnapa , Phrompittayarat Watoo , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIntroductionBacopa monnieri contains pseudojujubogenin glycosides as pharmacologically active compounds. In order to screen large numbers of plant samples for the presence of pseudojujubogenin glycosides, a rapid and simple assay system is required for application to small quantities of test materials. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies could be useful for the determination of small quantities of pseudojujubogenin glycosides in plant extracts.ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to develop a simple method for the detection of pseudojujubogenin glycosides by the immunochromatographic strip test using anti‐bacopaside I monoclonal antibody.MethodologyThe qualitative assay was based on a competitive immunoassay in which the detector reagent consisted of a colloidal gold particle coated with the respective anti‐bacopaside I MAb. The capture reagent was a bacopaside I‐human serum albumin conjugate immobilised onto a test strip membrane.ResultsThe sample containing pseudojujubogenin glycosides and the detection reagent were incubated with the immobilised capture reagent. The glycosides in the sample competed in binding to the limited amount of antibodies in the detection reagent with the immobilised bacopaside I‐HSA conjugates and, hence, positive samples showed no colour in the capture spot zone. The detection limit for the strip test was 125 ng/mL.ConclusionThe assay system was found to be useful as a rapid and simple screening method for the detection of pseudojujubogenin glycosides in plants. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR, IR, and ESR spectroscopic investigation of reaction of α‐silylamines with carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Lazareva Nataliya F. , Vakul'skaya Tamara I. , Lazarev Igor M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper reports about high reactivity of α‐silylamines in the reaction with CCl4. Unlike Et3N, α‐silylamines rapidly react with CCl4 upon irradiation with daylight to form α‐silylamine hydrochloride salts in 92–98% yields. The influence of structure of α‐silylamines and solvent on the degree of conversion was displayed. The interaction of α‐silylamines with CCl4 was studied by NMR, ESR, and IR spectroscopy. C‐centered radicals of α‐silylamines were detected by ESR spectroscopy with spin traps (MNP, ND, and PBN) in reaction mixtures in CH3CN and C6H6 and it show the radical character of this reaction. Both CH3CN and C6H6 serve as solvents as well as reagents for this reaction. A mechanism of an interaction between α‐silylamines and CCl4 is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initiation reactivity of anionic polymerization of fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates with diethyl(ethyl cyanoacetato)aluminum
Authors: Umino Youhei , Narita Tadashi , Hamana Hiroshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPseudo first‐order rate constants of the reaction of diethyl(ethyl cyanoacetato)aluminum [(C2H5)2Al(NCCHCOOC2H5)] with 17 fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates and five hydrocarbon analogs for references were investigated to examine the initiation reactivities of the anionic polymerization of fluorinated vinyl monomers to afford the reactivity order: CH2C(CF3)COOC2H5 > CH2C(CF3)COOCH(CH3)2 > CH2CHCOOCH2C6F5 > CH2C(CF3)COOC(CH3)3 > CH2C(CF3)COOCH2C6F5 > CH2C(CF3)COOCH(CF3)2 ≥ CH2CHCOOCH3 > CH2CHCOOCH2C6H5 ≥ CH2C(CF3)COOCH2CF3 > CH2C(CH3)COOCH2C6F5 > CH2CHCOOCH2CF3 > CH2CHCOOCH2C2F5 > CH2CHCOOCH(CF3)2 > CH2C(CH3)COOCH3 > CH2C(CH3)COOCH2C6H5 ≥ CH2C(CH3)COOCH2CH2C8F17 > CH2C(CH3)COOCH(CH3)2 > CH2C(CH3)COOCH2C2F5 ≥ CH2C(CH3)COOCH2CF3. No rate constants for CH2C(CH3)COOCH(CF3)2, CH2CFCOOC(CH3)3, and CH2CFCOOCH2C2F5 were obtained because of too fast polymerization. The incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group into the vinyl group enhanced the reactivity toward the delocalized carbanion. The reactivity of other fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates was concluded to approximately be controlled by the fluorine contents and the bulkiness of substituents of monomers. The reactivity was generally decreased by increasing fluorine contents of fluoroalkyl substituents in ester groups. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7011–7021, 2008
Synthesis, photopolymerization and adhesive properties of new hydrolytically stable phosphonic acids for dental applications
Authors: Catel Yohann , Degrange Michel , Le Pluart Loïc , Madec Pierre‐Jean , Pham Thi‐Nhàn , Picton Luc 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNovel monomers 2‐(N‐methylacrylamido)ethylphosphonic acid, 6‐(N‐methylacrylamido)hexylphosphonic acid, 10‐(N‐methylacrylamido)decylphosphonic acid, and 4‐(N‐methylacrylamidomethyl)benzylphosphonic acid have been prepared in good yields for use in dental adhesives. They have been fully characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 31P‐NMR, and by HRMS. All monomers are hydrolytically stable in aqueous solution. Free radical homopolymerizations of these monomers have been carried out in solution of ethanol/water (2.5/1:v/v), using 2,2′‐azo(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AMPAHC) as initiator. They lead to homopolymers in moderate to excellent yields. Structure of the polymers has been confirmed by SEC/MALLS and 1H‐NMR spectra. The photopolymerization behavior of the synthesized monomers with N,N′‐diethyl‐1,3‐bis(acrylamido)propane has been investigated by DSC. New self‐etch primers, based on these acrylamide monomers, have been formulated. Dentin shear bond strength measurements have shown that primers based on (N‐methylacrylamido)alkylphosphonic acids assure a strong bond between the tooth substance and a dental composite. Moreover, the monomer with the longest spacer group provides the highest shear bond strength. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7074–7090, 2008
One‐pot synthesis of star‐block copolymers using double click reactions
Authors: Durmaz Hakan , Dag Aydan , Hizal Alp , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit 
Published: September 2008

Abstract3‐Arm star‐block copolymers, (polystyrene‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate))3, (PS‐b‐PMMA)3, and (polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol))3, (PS‐b‐PEG)3, are prepared using double‐click reactions: Huisgen and Diels–Alder, with a one‐pot technique. PS and PMMA blocks with α‐anthracene‐ω‐azide‐ and α‐maleimide‐end‐groups, respectively, are achieved using suitable initiators in ATRP of styrene and MMA, respectively. However, PEG obtained from a commercial source is reacted with 3‐acetyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2‐carboxamide (7) to give furan‐protected maleimide‐end‐functionalized PEG. Finally, PS/PMMA and PS/PEG blocks are linked efficiently with trialkyne functional linking agent 1,1,1‐tris[4‐(2‐propynyloxy)phenyl]‐ethane 2 in the presence of CuBr/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) at 120 °C for 48 h to give two samples of 3‐arm star‐block copolymers. The results of the peak splitting using a Gaussian deconvolution of the obtained GPC traces for (PS‐b‐PMMA)3 and (PS‐b‐PEG)3 displayed that the yields of target 3‐arm star‐block copolymers were found to be 88 and 82%, respectively. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7091–7100, 2008
Encapsulated clay particles in polystyrene by RAFT mediated miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Samakande Austin , Sanderson Ronald D. , Hartmann Patrice C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRAFT grafted montmorillonite (MMT) clays [i.e., N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(4‐(((phenylcarbonothioyl)thio)methyl)benzyl)ethanammonium‐MMT (PCDBAB‐MMT) and N‐(4‐((((dodecylthio)carbonothioyl)thio)methyl)benzyl)‐N,N‐dimethylethanammo‐nium‐MMT (DCTBAB‐MMT)] of various loadings were dispersed in styrene (S) monomer and the resultant mixtures emulsified and sonicated in the presence of a hydrophobe (hexadecane) into miniemulsions. The stable miniemulsions thus obtained were polymerized to yield encapsulated polystyrene‐clay nanocomposites (PS‐CNs). The molar mass and polydispersity index (PDI) of the PS‐CNs depended on the amount of RAFT agent in the system, in accordance with the features of the RAFT process. The morphology of the PS‐CNs ranged from partially exfoliated to an intercalated morphology, depending on the percentage clay loading. The thermomechanical properties of the PS‐CNs were better than those of the neat PS polymer, and were dependent on the molar mass, PS‐CN morphology and clay loading. The similarities and differences of the PS‐CNs prepared here by miniemulsion polymerization were compared to those prepared using the same RAFT agents and polymer system by bulk polymerization (as reported by us in a previous article). © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7114–7126, 2008