bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the combustion process in an auxiliary heating system using dual‐pump CARS
Authors: Braeuer A. , Beyrau F. , Weikl M. C. , Seeger T. , Kiefer J. , Leipertz A. , Holzwarth A. , Soika A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA dual‐pump coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) setup was used for the simultaneous determination of temperature and oxygen/nitrogen ratio in an automotive auxiliary heating system. The auxiliary heating system was equipped with eight windows to provide four line‐of‐sight optical accesses at two different downstream levels. The usable laser pulse energies, which are essentially limited by the damage threshold of the glass windows, were increased by the application of an optical pulse stretcher. Measurements were performed for standard diesel fuel for full‐ and part‐load operation as well as for the model fuel n‐dodecane for full‐load operation. The n‐dodecane measurements can directly be compared with numerical predictions, whereas the results for diesel fuel provide information about the possibility of transfer of the n‐dodecane simulations to real fuel conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective spectral filtering of molecular modes of β‐carotene in solution using optimal control in four‐wave‐mixing spectroscopy
Authors: Konradi Jakow , Singh Ajay K. , Scaria Abraham V. , Materny Arnulf 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFemtosecond laser pulses are spectrally broad and therefore coherently excite several molecular modes. While the temporal resolution is high, usually no mode‐selective excitation is possible. In this work, we demonstrate that, by phase shaping one of the two pulses, which excite the vibrational modes of β‐carotene within a coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) process, specific modes can be enhanced or suppressed. Using the pulse shaper setup in a feedback‐controlled closed‐loop optimizes this mode selection. Here, the ratio of signal intensities observed in the CARS spectrum serves as a feedback function for an evolutionary algorithm responsible for the optimization. The optimized phase structure of the femtosecond pulse is characterized using the frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) technique to get an insight into the optimization process. Furthermore, it is shown that the temporal resolution after optimization is still high enough to investigate the ultrafast molecular dynamics. The suppression or relative enhancement of vibrational modes persists over the entire coherence time. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a competitive exclusion product for poultry meeting the regulatory requirements for registration in the European Union
Authors: Klose Viviana , Mohnl Michaela , Plail Regina , Schatzmayr Gerd , Loibner Andreas‐Paul 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCompetitive exclusion treatment is able to increase the pathogen colonization resistance of day‐old chicks by applying probiotic bacteria stabilizing the indigenous microflora. In order to develop a safe microbial feed additive, various bacterial strains were isolated out of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy chickens. One hundred twenty‐one representatives were selected based on differences in whole‐cell protein patterns and screened for antagonistic properties. Five effective strains (Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. animalis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius) exhibited in vitro the ability to inhibit a range of common pathogens and were evaluated with regard to the risks associated with genetic transfer of antibiotic resistances from animals to humans via the food chain. The probiotic strains were sensitive to several clinically effective antibiotics, though some of them showed single resistances. None of the vancomycin‐resistant (R) strains carried the enterococcal vanA gene. Two tetracycline R strains were shown to harbor a tet(M)‐associated resistance. The strains contained no extrachromosomal DNA and were not able to transfer the resistance by means of conjugation. On basis of the collected data the presence of easy transferable resistances was excluded and the chicken strains were considered to be suitable for the use as feed additive.
Neonatal auditory function and depressed Apgar score: Correlation of brainstem auditory response with Apgar score
Authors: JIANG ZE D. , WILKINSON ANDREW R. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Aim: To examine the relationship between neonatal auditory function and Apgar score in term infants with depressed Apgar scores. Methods: Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was recorded on day 3 after birth in term infants who had Apgar scores7 at 1 and/or 5 min. Half of the infants also had Apgar scores at 10 min, with 177. Results: No BAER variables correlated significantly with 1‐min Apgar score. However, wave III and V latencies, and I–V, I–III and III–V intervals correlated significantly and negatively with 5‐min Apgar score (p<0.05–0.01). These BAER variables were significantly longer in infants with 5‐min Apgar scores7 than those >7. Wave V latency and all intervals also correlated negatively with 10‐min Apgar score (p<0.05–0.01). Compared to normal controls, all latencies were prolonged in infants with depressed Apgar scores (all p<0.05–0.01). All intervals were also prolonged in those with 5‐min scores 7 (p<0.05–0.01). Similar results were found when defining the depression of Apgar score as 6. Conclusion: A depressed 5‐ and/or 10‐min Apgar score is an indicator associated with neonatal auditory, mainly central, impairment. Apgar score 7 or 6 at 1 min alone is unlikely to be associated with central impairment.
Metal uptake by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) as affected by poultry litter application
Authors: Brye K. R. , Pirani A. L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPoultry litter is commonly applied to pastures as an organic fertilizer. However, poultry litter also typically contains numerous heavy metals that may accumulate in soil and can pose an environmental threat when it is applied to pastures. The objective was to ascertain uptake characteristics of heavy metals by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) from soil with a history of poultry litter additions as affected by subsequent applications of poultry litter. Poultry litter was applied to small plots at rates of 0, 2·2 and 4·5 t dry litter ha−1. In the 7·5 months following application of litter, cumulative dry‐matter (DM) production of herbage was higher (P < 0·05) in the plots that received poultry litter compared with the control plots where no litter was applied. However, concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se and Zn in herbage were unaffected by the rate of application of poultry litter. All metal tissue concentrations, except for Fe, were affected by sampling date. While tall fescue responds to poultry litter with increased DM production, it does not appear to accumulate excessive quantities of micronutrients associated with the application of poultry litter.
Near-infrared photometry of carbon stars
Authors: Whitelock Patricia A. , Feast Michael W. , Marang Freddy , Groenewegen M. A. T. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Near-infrared, JHKL, photometry of 239 Galactic C-rich variable stars is presented and discussed. From these and published data, the stars were classified as Mira or non-Mira variables, and amplitudes and pulsation periods, ranging from 222 to 948 d for the Miras, were determined for most of them. A comparison of the colour and period relations with those of similar stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud indicates minor differences, which may be the consequence of sample selection effects. Apparent bolometric magnitudes were determined by combining the mean JHKL fluxes with mid-infrared photometry from IRAS and MSX. Then, using the Mira period luminosity relation to set the absolute magnitudes, distances were determined – to greater accuracy than has hitherto been possible for this type of star. Bolometric corrections to the K magnitude were calculated and prescriptions derived for calculating these from various colours. Mass-loss rates were also calculated and compared to values in the literature.
Approximately one-third of the C-rich Miras and an unknown fraction of the non-Miras exhibit apparently random obscuration events that are reminiscent of the phenomena exhibited by the hydrogen-deficient R Coronae Borealis stars. The underlying cause of this is unclear, but it may be that mass loss, and consequently dust formation, is very easily triggered from these very extended atmospheres.
Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Fragaria×ananassa expressed sequences
Authors: KENIRY ANDREW , HOPKINS CLARE J. , JEWELL ERICA , MORRISON BRUCE , SPANGENBERG GERMAN C. , EDWARDS DAVID , BATLEY JACQUELINE 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe availability of expressed sequence data derived from gene discovery programmes enables mining for simple sequence repeats (SSRs), providing useful genetic markers for crop improvement. These markers are inexpensive, require minimal labour to produce and can frequently be associated with functionally annotated genes. This study reports on the development and characterization of expressed sequence tag (EST)–SSR markers in the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria×ananassa. Fourteen primer pairs were assessed for polymorphism in 13 F.×ananassa genotypes. The markers show reliable amplification and considerable polymorphism, demonstrating the utility of EST–SSRs for genetic analysis of commercial strawberry germplasm.
Heart Rate Variability Following Neonatal Heart Surgery for Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: KALTMAN JONATHAN R. , HANNA BRIAN D. , GALLAGHER PAUL R. , GAYNOR J. WILLIAM , GODINEZ RODOLFO I. , TANEL RONN E. , SHAH MAULLY J. , VETTER VICTORIA L. , RHODES LARRY A. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Altered cardiac autonomic control may play a role in the morbidity and mortality suffered by neonates who undergo surgery for complex congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic activity, as measured by spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV), prior to and early after infant surgery for CHD and attempt to correlate HRV indices with clinical outcome. In addition, we assessed the hypothesis that single‐ventricle physiology and surgical interruption of the great arteries negatively affects HRV.
Methods: Sixty neonates prospectively wore 24‐hour Holter monitors at three time points: before and early after CHD surgery, and at 3‐ to 6‐month follow‐up. Standard spectral indices of HRV were measured.
Results: In the early postoperative time point, patients with single‐ventricle physiology had lower low‐frequency power (LF) compared to patients with two ventricles (P = 0.040). Surgical interruption of the great arteries did not affect HRV in this cohort. For the entire cohort, LF (P = 0.004) and high‐frequency power (HF) (P < 0.001) increased over the three time points, while LF/HF (P = 0.119) did not significantly change. In the multivariable linear regression model, significant predictors of longer postoperative hospital stay included longer total support time (P = < 0.001), longer duration of inotrope support (P = 0.012), elevated mean heart rate at postoperative time point (P = 0.002), and lower LF/HF ratio at the postoperative time point (P = 0.014).
Conclusion: Patients with single‐ventricle physiology have a significant physiologic reduction in LF in the early postoperative period compared to patients with two ventricles. Diminished cardiac autonomic control is associated with longer hospitalization following neonatal cardiac surgery.
Computed Tomography to Assess Possible Cardiac Lead Perforation
Authors: HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , LENG CHARLES T. , YUH DAVID D. , BRINKER JEFFREY A. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Chest radiography and echocardiography are standard techniques to evaluate possible extracardiac migration of pacemaker and defibrillator leads, but computed tomography (CT) scanning may be a helpful adjunct.
Methods: Chest CT using a 64‐detector helical scanner was performed in three cases of lead perforation where standard techniques did not yield a definitive diagnosis. In two patients, a cardiac CT protocol was followed, the primary indication for which was to assess the lead tip location. On one patient, persistent chest pain several days after the implant led to a chest CT to rule out a pulmonary embolism, and the extracardiac lead was found fortuitously.
Results: In all cases, CT scan images resulted in a definitive diagnosis of extracardiac migration of pacemaker or defibrillator leads. One patient had an extracardiac atrial lead which was dysfunctional but not associated with symptoms. The risks of repositioning were felt to outweigh potential benefits in this patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and treatment was conservative. The other two patients had extracardiac ventricular leads and were symptomatic with pleuritic chest pain. These patients were treated by lead revision with no evidence of bleeding into the pericardial space. All patients did well and none have suffered any further complications.
Conclusion: CT images aid in the diagnosis of lead perforation when other modalities are nondiagnostic. Recent advances in CT technology have been associated with increased use of this technique for evaluation of chest pain, analysis of which should now include location of intracardiac leads.
Identification of gene expression patterns using planned linear contrasts
Authors: Li Hao , Wood Constance L , Liu Yushu , Getchell Thomas V , Getchell Marilyn L , Stromberg Arnold J 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn gene networks, the timing of significant changes in the expression level of each gene may be the most critical information in time course expression profiles. With the same timing of the initial change, genes which share similar patterns of expression for any number of sampling intervals from the beginning should be considered co-expressed at certain level(s) in the gene networks. In addition, multiple testing problems are complicated in experiments with multi-level treatments when thousands of genes are involved.ResultsTo address these issues, we first performed an ANOVA F test to identify significantly regulated genes. The Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) procedure of controlling false discovery rate (FDR) at 5% was applied to the P values of the F test. We then categorized the genes with a significant F test into 4 classes based on the timing of their initial responses by sequentially testing a complete set of orthogonal contrasts, the reverse Helmert series. For genes within each class, specific sequences of contrasts were performed to characterize their general 'fluctuation' shapes of expression along the subsequent sampling time points. To be consistent with the BH procedure, each contrast was examined using a stepwise Studentized Maximum Modulus test to control the gene based maximum family-wise error rate (MFWER) at the level ofαnewdetermined by the BH procedure. We demonstrated our method on the analysis of microarray data from murine olfactory sensory epithelia at five different time points after target ablation.ConclusionIn this manuscript, we used planned linear contrasts to analyze time-course microarray experiments. This analysis allowed us to characterize gene expression patterns based on the temporal order in the data, the timing of a gene's initial response, and the general shapes of gene expression patterns along the subsequent sampling time points. Our method is particularly suitable for analysis of microarray experiments in which it is often difficult to take sufficiently frequent measurements and/or the sampling intervals are non-uniform.
A universal reference sample derived from clone vector for improved detection of differential gene expression
Authors: Khan Rishi L , Gonye Gregory E , Gao Guang , Schwaber James S 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Using microarrays by co-hybridizing two samples labeled with different dyes enables differential gene expression measurements and comparisons across slides while controlling for within-slide variability. Typically one dye produces weaker signal intensities than the other often causing signals to be undetectable. In addition, undetectable spots represent a large problem for two-color microarray designs and most arrays contain at least 40% undetectable spots even when labeled with reference samples such as Stratagene's Universal Reference RNAs™.

Results
We introduce a novel universal reference sample that produces strong signal for all spots on the array, increasing the average fraction of detectable spots to 97%. Maximizing detectable spots on the reference image channel also decreases the variability of microarray data allowing for reliable detection of smaller differential gene expression changes. The reference sample is derived from sequence contained in the parental EST clone vector pT7T3D-Pac and is called vector RNA (vRNA). We show that vRNA can also be used for quality control of microarray printing and PCR product quality, detection of hybridization anomalies, and simplification of spot finding and segmentation tasks. This reference sample can be made inexpensively in large quantities as a renewable resource that is consistent across experiments.

Conclusion
Results of this study show that vRNA provides a useful universal reference that yields high signal for almost all spots on a microarray, reduces variation and allows for comparisons between experiments and laboratories. Further, it can be used for quality control of microarray printing and PCR product quality, detection of hybridization anomalies, and simplification of spot finding and segmentation tasks. This type of reference allows for detection of small changes in differential expression while reference designs in general allow for large-scale multivariate experimental designs. vRNA in combination with reference designs enable systems biology microarray experiments of small physiologically relevant changes.
Prognostic factors in solitary plasmacytoma of the bone: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study
Authors: Knobel David , Zouhair Abderrahim , Tsang Richard W , Poortmans Philip , Belkacémi Yazid , Bolla Michel , Oner Fazilet Dinçbas , Landmann Christine , Castelain Bernard , Ozsahin Mahmut ,   for the Rare Cancer Network
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundSolitary plasmacytoma (SP) of the bone is a rare plasma-cell neoplasm. There are no conclusive data in the literature on the optimal radiation therapy (RT) dose in SP. Therefore, in this large retrospective study, we wanted to assess the outcome, prognostic factors, and the optimal RT dose in patients with SP.MethodsData from 206 patients with bone SP without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM) were collected. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained for all patients. The majority (n = 169) of the patients received RT alone; 32 chemotherapy and RT, and 5 surgery. Median follow-up was 54 months (7–245).ResultsFive-year overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and local control was 70%, 46%, and 88%; respectively. Median time to MM development was 21 months (2–135) with a 5-year probability of 51%. In multivariate analyses, favorable factors were younger age and tumor size < 5 cm for survival; younger age for DFS; anatomic localization (vertebra vs. other) for local control. Older age was the only predictor for MM. There was no dose-response relationship for doses 30 Gy or higher, even for larger tumors.ConclusionYounger patients, especially those with vertebral localization have the best outcome when treated with moderate-dose RT. Progression to MM remains the main problem. Further investigation should focus on adjuvant chemotherapy and/or novel therapeutic agents.
Cisplatin chemotherapy (without erythropoietin) and risk of life-threatening thromboembolic events in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: the tip of the iceberg? A review of the literature
Authors: Anders Jon C , Grigsby Perry W , Singh Anurag K 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
The risk of severe cardiovascular toxicity, specifically thromboembolic events (TE), in patients with cervical cancer receiving concurrent irradiation and cisplatin chemotherapy is reported to be less than 1% in several large prospective trials. However, the anecdotal risk appears to be far higher.

Results and discussion
A review of several prospective trials demonstrates no treatment related grade 4 cardiovascular toxicities and only two grade 5 toxicities in 1424 (0.1%) collective patients. A recent publication and our own unpublished experience finds 6 of 128 (4.7%) patients developed grade 4 to 5 cardiovascular (thrombosis/embolism) toxicity. The differenc in incidence of severe or life threatening cardiovascular toxicity of 0.1 versus 4.7% is highly statistically significant (p < 0.00001.)

Conclusion
This dramatic difference in incidence of cardiovascular toxicity raises the possibility that cardiovascular toxicities were inadequately reported on the listed prospective trials. For those patients enrolled in prospective trials, we suggest that thromboses should be diligently documented and reported. Only after the true incidence of thromboses is established can we implement appropriate levels of early screening and intervention that may prevent life threatening complications.
The Future Russian Constitution as Seen by Russian Liberals
Authors: Korff Baron S. A. 
Published: May 2006

In the historical development of individual nations revolutions come and go as tremendous earthquakes, upsetting the standing order and creating new constellations and configurations. After an earthquake on former plains new mountain ranges arise and, vice versa, enormous peaks suddenly disappear; quite so in the case of a revolution, which overturns century old institutions and organizations. At the time when the upheaval occurs, it often seems that the whole social structure is destroyed forever and that something entirely new is being created. And yet, everyone who has studied history knows very well that even in revolutions we have a constant evolution, that much of the old order remains and that the new institutions have many attachments in the past, no matter how completely new they may seem at the moment of their political birth.Take the French Revolution of 1789 as a most vivid example. It might have seemed to contemporaries that the whole former French state and government, the social as well as the economic structure, had disappeared and were utterly destroyed.