bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal Vertebral Artery Dissection Following Self-Manipulation of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Persons Jane E. , Stauffer Stephanie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cervical spine manipulation is a known risk factor for vertebral artery dissection. In this report, we present a case of fatal vertebral artery dissection that occurred as the result of self-manipulation of the cervical spine. The decedent was a 40-year-old man with no significant past medical history. He was observed to “crack his neck” while at work. Soon after, he began experiencing neck pain, then developed strokelike symptoms and became unresponsive. He was transported to a local medical center, where imaging showed bilateral vertebral artery dissection. His neurological status continued to decline, and brain death was pronounced several days later. An autopsy examination showed evidence of cerebellar and brainstem infarcts, herniation, and diffuse hypoxic-ischemic injury. A posterior neck dissection was performed to expose the vertebral arteries, which showed grossly visible hemorrhage and dilation. There was no evidence of traumatic injury to the bone or soft tissue of the head or neck. Bilateral dissection tracts were readily appreciated on microscopic examination. Death was attributed to self-manipulation of the neck, which in turn led to bilateral vertebral artery dissection, cerebellar and brainstem infarcts, herniation, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and ultimately brain death.
The Barriers to Recognizing and Reporting Child Physical Abuse by Emergency Physicians and Associated Factors
Authors: Lee Dongwoo , Lee Jin Hee , Kwak Young Ho , Suh Dongbum , Kwon Hyuksool , Kim Do Kyun , Jung Jin Hee , Park Joong Wan , Lee Ha Ni , Kim Jin Hee 
Published: March 2024

Background
Although the reporting rate of child abuse is increasing every year, the child abuse detection rate is 3.81% as of 2019 in Korea, which is significantly lower than that of developed countries for child rights.

Objective
We investigated the associated factors with barriers that emergency physicians face in recognizing and reporting cases of child abuse.

Methods
From May to July 2022, 240 emergency physicians working in the 15 emergency department were asked to participate in the survey via email. The questionnaire included the respondent's basic information, treatment experience for child abuse, reasons for reporting or not reporting, and opinions on measures to increase the reporting rate. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to discern the factors contributing to underreporting.

Results
Seventy-one individuals were included in the analysis, after excluding those who had never encountered suspected cases of child abuse. A multivariable logistic regression was performed with the above variables, and although it was not statistically significant, there was a tendency for workers to report well when working at a pediatric emergency department (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.97 [0.98–16.09]). The primary reason for reporting suspected abuse was the pattern of damage suspected of abuse. The first reason for not reporting suspected abuse was because they were not sure it was child abuse. Respondents answered that to report better, a quick and appropriate response from the police and confidentiality of the reporter were needed.

Conclusions
Physicians in pediatric emergency departments demonstrated a tendency for more proactive reporting suspected cases of child abuse.
Efficacy and Safety of 225Ac-DOTATATE in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms With High SSTR Expression
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Zhang Yu , Li Hongmei , Zhang Yu , Feng Yue , Yang Xiqun , Chen Yue 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 225Ac-DOTATATE targeted α therapy (TAT) in various neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) with high somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression.

Patients and Methods
This single-center prospective study included 10 patients with histologically diagnosed NENs that exhibited increased SSTR expression on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging. All patients received 225Ac-DOTATATE TAT. The primary end points were molecular imaging–based response and disease control rate (DCR), measured using the slightly modified Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0. The secondary end points were adverse event profiles and clinical responses. The adverse event profile was determined according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Clinical response was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire version 3.0).

Results
A molecular imaging–based partial response was observed in 40% of all patients, SD in 40%, PD in 20%, and DCR in 80%. The DCR was 83.3% (5/6) in patients who were previously treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE. According to the EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 score, most symptoms improved after 225Ac-DOTATATE treatment, with only diarrhea showing no improvement. Grade III/IV hematological, kidney, and liver toxicities were not observed. The median follow-up time was 14 months (7–22 months), and no deaths were reported.

Conclusions
This initial study suggests that 225Ac-DOTATATE is a potentially promising option for treating NENs with elevated SSTR expression, with an acceptable toxicity profile and well-tolerated adverse effects.
Online Search Strategies and Results From a Crowdsourced Survey on Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Bradley Megan S. , Hetzel-Riggin Melanie D. , Knight Julia C. , Murillo Ashley , Zyczynski Halina , Shelton Christopher R. 
Published: March 2024

Importance
Despite the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), what proportion of the population is aware of this condition and the quality of internet resources are currently unknown.

Objective
This study aimed to use an online crowdsourcing platform to explore general knowledge and internet search strategies, along with the quality of information, on ASB.

Study Design
An online survey was administered through a crowdsourcing platform to women 50 years or older via Qualtrics, which is a sophisticated online survey tool. Participants completed a survey on ASB, and participants were asked how they would search the internet for information both on urinary test results and on ASB. Outcomes included survey responses, and qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically. χ2 Testing and regression modeling were used to look for variables associated with concern for ASB.

Results
There were a total of 518 participants who passed attention check qualifications, and only 45 respondents (8.7%) had heard of ASB. Many were concerned about progress to a worsening infection (n = 387 [77.6%]). When controlling for confounders, education beyond a college degree was not associated with a lower concern for ASB when compared with those with a high school education or less (adjusted odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–1.55; P = 0.31). Medical providers were the target audience for a majority of the websites, and many of the patient-facing results were of poor quality.

Conclusions
Our national survey of women demonstrated a prevalent knowledge deficit surrounding ASB. We must seek to create high-quality, readily available, patient-facing information to increase awareness of ASB, allay concerns, and increase antibiotic stewardship.
Cereal weevils' antimicrobial peptides: at the crosstalk between development, endosymbiosis and immune response
Authors: Galambos N. , Vincent-Monegat C. , Vallier A. , Parisot N. , Heddi A. , Zaidman-Rémy A. 
Published: March 2024

Interactions between animals and microbes are ubiquitous in nature and strongly impact animal physiology. These interactions are shaped by the host immune system, which responds to infections and contributes to tailor the associations with beneficial microorganisms. In many insects, beneficial symbiotic associations not only include gut commensals, but also intracellular bacteria, or endosymbionts. Endosymbionts are housed within specialized host cells, the bacteriocytes, and are transmitted vertically across host generations. Host–endosymbiont co-evolution shapes the endosymbiont genome and host immune system, which not only fights against microbial intruders, but also ensures the preservation of endosymbionts and the control of their load and location. The cereal weevilSitophilusspp. is a remarkable model in which to study the evolutionary adaptation of the immune system to endosymbiosis owing to its binary association with a unique, relatively recently acquired nutritional endosymbiont,Sodalis pierantonius. This Gram-negative bacterium has not experienced the genome size shrinkage observed in long-term endosymbioses and has retained immunogenicity. We focus here on the sixteen antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) identified in theSitophilus oryzaegenome and their expression patterns in different tissues, along host development or upon immune challenges, to address their potential functions in the defensive response and endosymbiosis homeostasis along the insect life cycle.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization’.
Decreasing hearing ability does not lead to improved visual speech extraction as revealed in a neural speech tracking paradigm
Authors: Haider Chandra Leon , Hauswald Anne , Weisz Nathan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of visual speech is thought to be especially important in situations where acoustics are unclear and in individuals with hearing impairment. To investigate this in a neural speech tracking paradigm, we measured MEG in sixty-seven mid- to old-age individuals during audiovisual (AV), audio-only (A), and visual-only (V) speech in the context of face masks. First, we could extend previous findings by showing that not only in young normal-hearing individuals but also in aging individuals with decreasing hearing ability the brain is superior in neurally tracking the acoustic spectrogram in AV compared to A presentations, especially in multi-speaker situations. The addition of visual lip movements further increases this benefit. Second, we could show that neural speech tracking in individuals with lower levels of hearing ability is affected more by face masks. However, in this population, the effect seems to be a composite of blocked visual speech and distorted acoustics. Third, we could confirm previous findings, that the neural benefit of visual speech varies strongly across individuals. We show that this general individual ability predicts how much people engage in visual speech tracking in difficult AV listening situations. Interestingly, this was not correlated with hearing thresholds and therefore does seem to be a widely used compensatory strategy in the hearing impaired.
Genomic Loci Influencing Cue-Reactivity in Heterogeneous Stock Rats
Authors: King Christopher P. , Chitre Apurva S. , Leal-Gutiérrez Joel D. , Tripi Jordan A. , Hughson Alesa R. , Horvath Aidan P. , Lamparelli Alexander C. , George Anthony , Martin Connor , St. Pierre Celine L. , Sanches Thiago , Bimschleger Hannah V. , Gao Jianjun , Cheng Riyan , Nguyen Khai-Minh , Holl Katie L. , Polesskaya Oksana , Ishiwari Keita , Chen Hao , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Palmer Abraham A. , Robinson Terry E. , Flagel Shelly B. , Meyer Paul J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAddiction vulnerability is associated with the tendency to attribute incentive salience to reward predictive cues; both addiction and the attribution of incentive salience are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. To characterize the genetic contributions to incentive salience attribution, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a cohort of 1,645 genetically diverse heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. We tested HS rats in a Pavlovian conditioned approach task, in which we characterized the individual responses to food-associated stimuli (“cues”). Rats exhibited either cue-directed “sign-tracking” behavior or food-cup directed “goal-tracking” behavior. We then used the conditioned reinforcement procedure to determine whether rats would perform a novel operant response for unrewarded presentations of the cue. We found that these measures were moderately heritable (SNP heritability,h2= .189-.215). GWAS identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 11 of the 12 traits we examined. Interval sizes of these QTLs varied widely. 7 traits shared a QTL on chromosome 1 that contained a few genes (e.g. Tenm4,Mir708) that have been associated with substance use disorders and other mental health traits in humans. Other candidate genes (e.g. Wnt11, Pak1) in this region had coding variants and expression-QTLs in mesocorticolimbic regions of the brain. We also conducted a Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) on other behavioral measures in HS rats and found that regions containing QTLs on chromosome 1 were also associated with nicotine self-administration in a separate cohort of HS rats. These results provide a starting point for the molecular genetic dissection of incentive salience and provide further support for a relationship between attribution of incentive salience and drug abuse-related traits.
Experimental evolution of a reduced bacterial chemotaxis network
Authors: Kargeti Manika , Kalita Irina , Hoch Sarah , Ratnikava Maryia , Xu Wenhao , Ni Bin , Dy Ron Leonard , Colin Remy , Sourjik Victor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChemotaxis allows bacteria to follow chemical gradients by comparing their environment over time and adjusting their swimming behavior accordingly. The chemotaxis signaling pathway is highly conserved among all chemotactic bacteria. The system comprises two modules: one for environmental sensing and signal transduction toward the flagellar motor, and the other for adapting to the constant level of background stimulation and providing short-term memory for temporal comparisons. Previous experimental analysis and mathematical modeling have suggested that all components of the paradigmatic chemotaxis pathways inEscherichia coliare essential. This indicates that it may contain a minimal set of protein components necessary to mediate gradient sensing and behavioral response. To test this assumption, here we subjected strains carrying deletions in chemotaxis genes to experimental laboratory evolution. We observed that the core components of the chemotaxis pathway are indeed essential. However, the absence of individual auxiliary pathway proteins, including the adaptation enzymes that are conserved in a vast majority of bacteria, and the phosphatase, could be compensated for to varying degrees by changes in other pathway components. Our results suggest that the experimental evolution of these deletion strains has led to the emergence of alternative strategies for bacterial chemotaxis, demonstrating the surprisingly rapid evolvability of this signaling network.
Accelerating the continuous community sharing of digital neuromorphology data
Authors: Tecuatl Carolina , Ljungquist Bengt , Ascoli Giorgio A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe tree-like morphology of neurons and glia is a key cellular determinant of circuit connectivity and metabolic function in the nervous system of essentially all animals. To elucidate the contribution of specific cell types to both physiological and pathological brain states, it is important to access detailed neuroanatomy data for quantitative analysis and computational modeling. NeuroMorpho.Org is the largest online collection of freely available digital neural reconstructions and related metadata and is continuously updated with new uploads. Earlier in the project, we released multiple datasets together yearly, but this process caused an average delay of several months in making the data public. Moreover, in the past 5 years, >80% of invited authors agreed to share their data with the community via NeuroMorpho.Org, up from <20% in the first 5 years of the project. In the same period, the average number of reconstructions per publication increased 600%, creating the need for automatic processing to release more reconstructions in less time. The progressive automation of our pipeline enabled the transition to agile releases of individual datasets as soon as they are ready. The overall time from data identification to public sharing decreased by 63.7%; 78% of the datasets are now released in less than 3 months with an average workflow duration below 40 days. Furthermore, the mean processing time per reconstruction dropped from 3 hours to 2 minutes. With these continuous improvements, NeuroMorpho.Org strives to forge a positive culture of open data. Most importantly, the new, original research enabled through reuse of datasets across the world has a multiplicative effect on science discovery, benefiting both authors and users.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Suspected in penguins and shags on the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic Coast
Authors: León Fabiola , Le Bohec Céline , Pizarro Eduardo J. , Baille Loïcka , Cristofari Robin , Houstin Aymeric , Zitterbart Daniel P. , Barriga Gonzalo , Poulin Elie , Vianna Juliana A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSuspected cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) were detected in Adélie penguins and Antarctic shags at the southernmost latitude so far in Antarctica, at two breeding sites out of 13 visited, using highly specific PCR assay. These first records mark the progression of the H5N1 panzootic into Antarctica.
PADI4-mediated citrullination of histone H3 stimulates HIV-1 transcription
Authors: Love Luca , Jütte Bianca B , Lindqvist Birgitta , Rohdjess Hannah , Kieri Oscar , Nowak Piotr , Svensson J Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHIV-1 infection establishes a reservoir of long-lived cells with integrated proviral DNA that can persist despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Some of these reservoir cells can at anytime be reactivated and reinitiate infection. The mechanisms governing proviral latency the transcriptional regulation of the provirus are complex and have not yet been sufficiently described. Here, we identified a role for histone H3 citrullination, a post-translational modification catalyzed by protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (PADI4), in HIV-1 transcription and latency. We found that PADI4 inhibition by GSK484 reduced HIV-1 transcription after T cell activation inex vivocultures of CD4 T cells from people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). The effect was more pronounced in individuals with active viremia compared to individuals with effective ART. Using cell models of HIV-1 latency, we showed that PADI4-mediated citrullination of histone H3 occurred at the HIV-1 promoter upon T cell stimulation which facilitated proviral transcription. HIV-1 preferentially integrated into genomic regions marked by H3 citrullination and these integrated proviruses were less prone to latency compared to those in non-citrullinated chromatin. Inhibiting PADI4 led to compaction of the HIV-1 promoter chromatin and an increase of HP1α-covered heterochromatin, in a mechanism partly dependent on the HUSH complex. Our data reveal a novel mechanism to explain HIV-1 latency and transcriptional regulation.HighlightsThe PADI4 enzyme stimulates HIV-1 transcription during T cell activation.PADI4 citrullinates histone H3 at the HIV-1 promoter upon T cell activation and inhibiting PADI4 reduces HIV-1 reactivation inex vivoCD4 T cells from people living with HIV-1.H3cit is mostly found at gene promoters, and productive HIV-1 proviruses are more likely than latent or reactivatable proviruses, to integrate in chromatin susceptible for citrullination.H3cit inhibits latency establishment by interfering with the binding of HP1α to H3K9me3, preventing heterochromatin formation.
Metastatic site influences driver gene function in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tsanov Kaloyan M. , Barriga Francisco M. , Ho Yu-Jui , Alonso-Curbelo Direna , Livshits Geulah , Koche Richard P. , Baslan Timour , Simon Janelle , Tian Sha , Wuest Alexandra N. , Luan Wei , Wilkinson John E. , Masilionis Ignas , Dimitrova Nevenka , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Chaligné Ronan , Pe’er Dana , Massagué Joan , Lowe Scott W. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTDriver gene mutations can increase the metastatic potential of the primary tumor1–3, but their role in sustaining tumor growth at metastatic sites is poorly understood. A paradigm of such mutations is inactivation ofSMAD4– a transcriptional effector of TGFβ signaling – which is a hallmark of multiple gastrointestinal malignancies4,5.SMAD4inactivation mediates TGFβ’s remarkable anti-to pro-tumorigenic switch during cancer progression and can thus influence both tumor initiation and metastasis6–14. To determine whether metastatic tumors remain dependent onSMAD4inactivation, we developed a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that enablesSmad4depletion in the pre-malignant pancreas and subsequentSmad4reactivation in established metastases. As expected,Smad4inactivation facilitated the formation of primary tumors that eventually colonized the liver and lungs. By contrast,Smad4reactivation in metastatic disease had strikingly opposite effects depending on the tumor’s organ of residence: suppression of liver metastases and promotion of lung metastases. Integrative multiomic analysis revealed organ-specific differences in the tumor cells’ epigenomic state, whereby the liver and lungs harbored chromatin programs respectively dominated by the KLF and RUNX developmental transcription factors, withKlf4depletion being sufficient to reverseSmad4’s tumor-suppressive activity in liver metastases. Our results show how epigenetic states favored by the organ of residence can influence the function of driver genes in metastatic tumors. This organ-specific gene–chromatin interplay invites consideration of anatomical site in the interpretation of tumor genetics, with implications for the therapeutic targeting of metastatic disease.
Identification and characterization of neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells following checkpoint blockade therapy in a pan-cancer setting
Authors: Moss Keith Henry , Hansen Ulla Kring , de Lima Vinicius Araújo Barosa , Borch Annie , Marquez Esteban Sanchez , Bjerregaard Anne-Mette , Olga Østrup , Bentzen Amalie Kai , Marquard Andrea Marion , kadivar Mohammed , Svane Inge Marie , Lassen Ulrik , Hadrup Sine Reker 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been approved as first-line or second-line therapies for an expanding list of malignancies. T cells recognizing mutation-derived neoantigens are hypothesized to play a major role in tumor elimination. However, the dynamics and characteristics of such neoantigen-reactive T cells (NARTs) in the context of ICB are still limitedly understood.MethodsTo explore this, tumor biopsies and peripheral blood were obtained pre- and post-treatment from 20 patients with solid metastatic tumors, in a Phase I basket trial. From whole-exome sequencing and RNA-seq data, patient-specific libraries of neopeptides were predicted and screened with DNA barcode-labeled MHC multimers for CD8+T cell reactivity, in conjunction with the evaluation of T cell phenotype.ResultsWe were able to detect NARTs in the peripheral blood and tumor biopsies for the majority of the patients; however, we did not observe any significant difference between the disease control and progressive disease patient groups, in terms of the breadth and magnitude of the detected NARTs. We also observed that the hydrophobicity of the peptide played a role in defining neopeptides resulting in NARTs response. A trend towards a treatment-induced phenotype signature was observed in the NARTs post-treatment, with the appearance of Ki67+CD27+PD-1+subsets in the PBMCs and CD39+Ki67+TCF-1+subsets in the TILs. Finally, the estimation of T cells from RNAseq was increasing post versus pre-treatment for disease control patients.ConclusionOur data demonstrates the possibility of monitoring the characteristics of NARTs from tumor biopsies and peripheral blood, and that such characteristics could potentially be incorporated with other immune predictors to understand further the complexity governing clinical success for ICB therapy.