bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution regional climate simulations of the long‐term decrease in September rainfall over Indochina
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi G. , Yoshikane Takao , Hara Masayuki , Yasunari Tetsuzo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe address the long‐term decrease in September rainfall over the Indochina Peninsula. Distinct long‐term decreases in rainfall along the monsoon trough across the Indochina Peninsula have been observed. We performed long‐term simulations and discuss the effects of long‐term changes in both the local surface conditions and large‐scale circulation. Using a 30‐year simulation for September for the period from 1966 to 1995 with land‐use conditions fixed at present‐day values and neglecting the recorded deforestation, we successfully simulated the observed long‐term decrease in rainfall. We therefore conclude that the weakening tropical‐cyclone activity over the Indochina Peninsula region is probably responsible for the decrease in rainfall. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
An example of the dependence of the transient climate response on the temperature of the modelled climate state
Authors: Brierley Chris M. , Thorpe Alan J. , Collins Matthew 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe range in absolute global mean surface temperature projected with a small, perturbed ocean physics ensemble reduces as the levels of CO2 increase. The initial temperature state of an ensemble member is correlated to the amount of global warming seen in that member. The correlation arises, in approximately equal amounts, by variations in the ocean heat uptake within the ensemble and a dependency of the strength of the atmosphere–surface climate feedbacks on the initial climate. This relationship provides a clear warning that some uncertainty in global change projections derives from the simulation of the mean state. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
The effects of mental contamination on the hindsight bias: Source confusion determines success in disregarding knowledge
Authors: Marks Melissa A. Z. , Arkes Hal R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present data from eight experiments in which we explored the effects of source confusion on the hindsight bias; participants' success in disregarding information when they were instructed to do so was affected by participants' level of source confusion. In Experiment 1 we demonstrated participants' failure to disregard Revolutionary War information they recently learned while reading an essay; this failure to discount was not affected by participants' essay reading times (Experiment 1a). In Experiment 2 participants successfully discounted obscure War of 1812 information; this discounted information remained available in memory (Experiment 2a). In a direct test of source confusion (Experiment 3) we showed that participants discriminated between presented and not‐presented War of 1812 information better than they discriminated presented and not‐presented Revolutionary War information. In Experiments 4 and 4a we tested and rejected a motivational explanation for our findings, namely that subjects voluntarily withheld information when asked to disregard it. We tested a debiasing technique in Experiment 5 and found it was successful in helping participants discount familiar information. Results throughout are discussed as being attributable to source confusion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of self‐reported infection during pregnancy among control mothers in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Collier Sarah A. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although specific maternal infections during pregnancy have been associated with birth defects and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, the prevalence of infections during pregnancy has not been well described.METHODS:We estimated the prevalence of self‐reported infection among 4967 women with live‐born infants without major birth defects. We assessed the prevalence of reported infections and fever by type of infection, specific illness, and maternal characteristics including race and age.RESULTS:Overall, 63.6% of women reported at least one infection during pregnancy. Reports of infections were more common during pregnancy than in the 3 months before pregnancy. Nearly half (49.6%) of women reported a respiratory infection, 20.5% reported a fever, 17.1% reported a urinary tract infection, 4.2% reported a yeast infection, and 3.4% reported a sexually transmitted disease. A subanalysis of self‐reported infection and preterm delivery was performed among primiparous mothers with singleton pregnancies, but no statistically significant differences in infection prevalence were found. Women younger than 35 years reported nonrespiratory infections more frequently than women aged 35 years or older (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.64). Prevalence of nonrespiratory infections was also higher among those who smoked than among those who did not (PR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20–1.47).CONCLUSIONS:Reported infections during pregnancy are common, implying that a small increase in risk for birth defects or other adverse pregnancy outcomes could have a significant public health effect and underscoring the importance of understanding the effects of prenatal infections. Birth Defects Research (PartA) 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational Analysis of β‐Lactam‐Containing Ferrocene Peptides
Authors: Kovač Veronika , Radolović Katarina , Habuš Ivan , Siebler Daniel , Heinze Katja , Rapić Vladimir 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe homochiral 3‐amino‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐β‐lactam (≡ Alm) was conjugated with Boc‐Ala to give Ala‐Alm (9) after Boc deprotection (Boc = tert‐butoxycarbonyl, Ala = alanine). Coupling of Fc‐COOH (1) and Boc‐Fca (10) with “dipeptide” 9 resulted in the formation of Fc‐CO‐Ala‐Alm (12) and the trisamide Boc‐Fca‐Ala‐Alm (13), respectively (Fc = ferrocenyl, Fca = 1′‐aminoferrocene‐1‐carboxylic acid). The reactions were accomplished by the HOBt/EDC procedure, and the products were obtained in good yields [HOBt = 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole, EDC = N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride]. Symmetrically 1,1′‐disubstituted “tetrapeptide” Fn(CO‐Ala‐Alm)2 (14) was prepared by reaction of ferrocene chloride 11 with 9 (Fn = 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl). Spectroscopic and theoretical analyses revealed that compounds 12, 13, and 14 are stabilized in solution by medium‐strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In all dominant conformations (DFT calculations) intrachain bonds spanning COFc and NHAlm are present (γ‐turns). Additional interchain hydrogen bonds NHAla···COBoc (13) and NHAla···COAla/NHAla···COAlm (14) give rise to ordered helical conformations of the ferrocene moieties.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Constant vapour pressure evaporation from a fragrance emulsion—effect of solubility of surfactant in the fragrance compound
Authors: Ge Lingling , Friberg Stig E. , Guo Rong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe algebraic system to extract information from phase diagrams was used to establish some of the conditions for an emulsion to evaporate under constant vapour pressure. The model system for the calculations was an emulsion characterized by virtually no solubility in water by either the surfactant or the fragrance and the same condition for the water in the oil. The surfactant and the fragrance, on the other hand, were assumed to be mutually completely soluble and this solution was presupposed to be close to ideal. The results showed a surprisingly strong dependence of the times for evaporation under constant vapour pressure on the surfactant concentration in the oil phase, at which the two‐phase equilibrium between the aqueous and the oil phases is replaced by a three‐phase equilibrium: aqueous phase, oil phase and liquid crystal phase. The lower this concentration, the more extended the times for evaporation under constant vapour pressure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Euler system source term that develops prototype Z‐pinch implosions intended for the evaluation of shock‐hydro methods
Authors: Banks J. W. , Shadid J. N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a phenomenological model for a magnetic drive source term for the momentum and total energy equations of the Euler system is described. This body force term is designed to produce a Z‐pinch like implosion that can be used in the development and evaluation of shock‐hydrodynamics algorithms that are intended to be used in Z‐pinch simulations. The model uses a J × B Lorentz force, motivated by a 0‐D analysis of a thin shell (or liner implosion), as a source term in the equations and allows for arbitrary current drives to be simulated. An extension that would include the multi‐physics aspects of a proposed combined radiation hydrodynamics (rad‐hydro) capability is also discussed. The specific class of prototype problems that are developed is intended to illustrate aspects of liner implosions into a near vacuum and with idealized pre‐fill plasma effects. In this work, a high‐resolution flux‐corrected‐transport method implemented on structured overlapping meshes is used to demonstrate the application of such a model to these idealized shock‐hydrodynamic studies. The presented results include an asymptotic solution based on a limiting‐case thin‐shell analytical approximation in both (x, y) and (r, z). Additionally, a set of more realistic implosion problems that include density profiles approximating plasma pre‐fill and a set of perturbed liner geometries that excite a hydro‐magnetic like Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the implosion dynamics are demonstrated. Finally, as a demonstration of including and evaluating multiphysics effects in the Euler system, a simple radiation model is included and self‐convergence results for two types of (r, z) implosions are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA methylation of microRNA genes in gastric mucosae of gastric cancer patients: Its possible involvement in the formation of epigenetic field defect
Authors: Ando Takayuki , Yoshida Takeichi , Enomoto Shotaro , Asada Kiyoshi , Tatematsu Masae , Ichinose Masao , Sugiyama Toshiro , Ushijima Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAccumulation of aberrant DNA methylation in normal‐appearing gastric mucosae, mostly induced by H. pylori infection, is now known to be deeply involved in predisposition to gastric cancers (epigenetic field defect), and silencing of protein‐coding genes has been analyzed so far. In this study, we aimed to clarify the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) gene silencing in the field defect. First, we selected three miRNA genes as methylation‐silenced after analysis of six candidate “methylation‐silenced” tumor‐suppressor miRNA genes. Methylation levels of the three genes (miR‐124a‐1, miR‐124a‐2 and miR‐124a‐3) were quantified in 56 normal gastric mucosae of healthy volunteers (28 volunteers with H. pylori and 28 without), 45 noncancerous gastric mucosae of gastric cancer patients (29 patients with H. pylori and 16 without), and 28 gastric cancer tissues (13 intestinal and 15 diffuse types). Among the healthy volunteers, individuals with H. pylori had 7.8–13.1‐fold higher methylation levels than those without (p < 0.001). Among individuals without H. pylori, noncancerous gastric mucosae of gastric cancer patients had 7.2–15.5‐fold higher methylation levels than gastric mucosae of healthy volunteers (p < 0.005). Different from protein‐coding genes, individuals with past H. pylori infection retained similar methylation levels to those with current infection. In cancer tissues, methylation levels were highly variable, and no difference was observed between intestinal and diffuse histological types. This strongly indicated that methylation‐silencing of miRNA genes, in addition to that of protein‐coding genes, contributed to the formation of a field defect for gastric cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in humans. 1. Dose‐finding study
Authors: Ernstgård Lena , Lind Birger , Johanson Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA move from ‘standard’ white spirit (stdWS, 15–20% aromatics) to low‐aromatic or dearomatized white spirit (deWS) has been seen, as the latter are considered to carry a smaller risk of health effects. However, data on health risks of deWS on humans are sparse. The aim of this dose‐finding study was to identify thresholds of irritation and central nervous system (CNS) effects of the two types of white spirit, as a basis for more detailed studies. Four female and four male healthy volunteers rated symptoms related to irritation, smell and CNS effects on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale while exposed to increasing levels of deWS or stdWS in eight 10 min steps from 0.5 to 600 mg m−3. Combined ratings of questions related to irritation revealed statistically significant increases compared with pre‐exposure ratings at 50 mg m−3 and higher exposures. The ratings increased in a dose‐dependent fashion, the medians reaching ‘somewhat’ for stdWS and ‘hardly at all’ for deWS. Higher ratings of irritation were found during exposure to stdWS compared with deWS, reaching significance only at 500 mg m−3. The combined ratings of CNS effects reached ‘hardly at all’, and were significantly increased only for stdWS at 500 and 600 mg m−3. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyk2 mediates endothelin‐1 signaling via p130Cas/BCAR3 cascade and regulates human glomerular mesangial cell adhesion and spreading
Authors: Rufanova Victoriya A. , Alexanian Anna , Wakatsuki Tetsuro , Lerner Adam , Sorokin Andrey 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCalcium‐regulated non‐receptor proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is a critical mediator of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) signaling in human glomerular mesangial cells (GMC). We aimed to identify which small G‐protein is acting downstream of Pyk2. Dominant interfering Pyk2 construct, termed calcium regulated non kinase (CRNK) or green fluorescent protein (control) were expressed in GMC using adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer. ET‐1 stimulation resulted in a significant increase of Pyk2 phosphorylation accompanied by GTP‐loading of Rap1 and RhoA. CRNK expression inhibited ET‐1‐induced autophosphorylation of endogenous Pyk2 and diminished Rap1, but not RhoA, activation. The mechanism linking Pyk2 and Rap1 included (1) increased autophosphorylation of Pyk2 associated with p130Cas, (2) augmented p130Cas Y165 and Y249 phosphorylation, and (3) enhanced p130Cas–BCAR3 complex formation. CRNK expression prevented p130Cas phosphorylation and attenuated p130Cas association with BCAR3. Downregulation of endogenous BCAR3 protein expression using an siRNA technique led to a significant decrease in Rap1 activation in response to ET‐1. We observed that endogenous Pyk2 was important for GMC adhesion and spreading. Our data suggest that ET‐1 stimulated the GTPase Rap1 (but neither RhoA nor Ras) by a mechanism involving Pyk2 activation and recruitment of the p130Cas/BCAR3 complex in GMC. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 45–56, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterotypic interactions in the preservation of morphology and functionality of porcine hepatocytes by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Gu Jinyang , Shi Xiaolei , Zhang Yue , Ding Yitao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTemporary replacement of specific liver functions with extracorporeal bioartificial liver has been hampered by rapid de‐differentiation of porcine hepatocytes in vitro. Co‐cultivation of hepatocytes with non‐parenchymal cells may be beneficial for optimizing cell functions via mimicry of physiological microenvironment consisting of endogenous matrix proteins. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. A randomly distributed co‐culture system composed of porcine hepatocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was generated, and the morphological and functional changes of varying degrees of heterotypic interactions were characterized. Furthermore, contributions of extracellular matrix within this co‐culture were evaluated. A rapid attachment and self‐organization of three‐dimensional hepatocyte spheroids were encouraged. Studies on hepatocyte viability showed a metabolically active, viable cell population in all co‐culture configurations with occurrence of few dead cells. The maximal induction of albumin production, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P4503A1 activities was achieved at seeding ratio of 2:1. Immunocytochemical detection of various extracellular matrix confirmed that a high level of matrix proteins synthesis within distinct cells was involved in hepatocyte homeostasis. These results demonstrate for the first time that cell–matrix has synergic effects on the preservation of hepatic morphology and functionality in the co‐culture of porcine hepatocytes with mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, which could represent a promising tool for tissue engineering, cell biology, and bioartificial liver devices. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 100–108, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Idealized simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics of Lake Victoria that potentially modulate regional climate
Authors: Anyah Richard O. , Semazzi Fredrick 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study explores, through three‐dimensional (3D)‐lake model simulations, the unique thermodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of Lake Victoria that can potentially modulate the lake catchment climate. The simulations are mostly based on idealized forcing due to lack of sufficient observed data. A suite of simulations with an elliptic (oval) geometry and prescribed wind speed (surface wind stress), lake–atmosphere temperature difference and vertical temperature profile are performed. The time evolutions of lake temperature as well as the currents (circulation characteristics) at different depths and/or points are analysed to understand the lake's response to certain aspects of surface forcing conditions. Similarities and differences between the features simulated in a typical tropical lake (Lake Victoria) and typical mid‐latitude lake based on the effects of the Coriolis force are also examined.Our simulations revealed a number of unique features in the time and space evolutions and profiles of the lake temperature. Considered at different points on the lake surface, the temperature of both runs with or without effect of Coriolis force equilibrates after almost the same time (between 30 and 40 days). However, there is a conspicuous difference in the vertical temperature profiles of the two runs (cases). For example, the MIDLAT run is characterized by a ‘dome‐shaped’ profile in the bottom layers (40 m and deeper) after 30 days of model integration, in contrast to the VICTORIA case which is nearly isothermal over the full water column.Perhaps one of the most significant outcomes of the present study is that the two‐gyre circulation pattern shown in the VICTORIA case after 30 days of model integration is also present in the simulations with observed lake bathymetry. Even more significant is that our results with a fully coupled regional climate‐3D lake hydrodynamics simulate more realistic evaporation/evapotranspiration and precipitation over the lake surface and immediate environs. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Are compost teas an effective nutrient amendment in the cultivation of strawberries? Soil and plant tissue effects
Authors: Hargreaves Jennifer C , Adl M Sina , Warman Philip R 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Compost teas are purported to serve as an effective source of nutrients; however, there is little scientific evidence to support or refute this claim. Compost tea infusions made with municipal solid waste compost and ruminant compost were used as amendments for strawberry cultivation and their efficacy was compared to municipal solid waste (MSW) compost, ruminant compost, and fertilizer amendments. A variety of parameters were examined including the nutrient, micronutrient and metal concentrations of soil and leaf tissue, pH, total soil carbon and nitrogen, and mineralized nitrogen.RESULTS: Compost tea treatments provided similar amounts of most macro‐ and micronutrients compared to MSW compost, ruminant compost, and fertilizer treatments and subsequently to strawberry plants. The MSW compost added significantly greater amounts of Ca, Na, and S to soil with increased plant uptake while the ruminant compost treatment plots had significantly greater available soil P. The compost and fertilizer treatments also provided greater amounts of K to soil compared to the compost tea treatments.CONCLUSIONS: In a 2 year study, non‐aerated compost teas were effective nutrient amendments for strawberries compared to ruminant and MSW compost, and inorganic fertilizers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Myoclonus of peripheral origin: Two case reports
Authors: Tyvaert Louise , Krystkowiak Pierre , Cassim Francois , Houdayer Elise , Kreisler Alexandre , Destée Alain , Defebvre Luc 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe concept of peripheral myoclonus is not yet fully accepted by the medical community because of the difficulty in establishing a cause‐and‐effect relationship between trauma and subsequent movement disorders. Here, we report two cases of patients suffering from peripheral myoclonus after nerve injury. The first patient experienced myoclonus of the 4th dorsal interosseous muscle several days after trauma to the elbow. The second patient presented myoclonus of the arm stump (combined with phantom‐limb pain) 1 year after amputation. In both cases, central nervous system function (spine and brain imaging, somesthetic evoked potentials, EEG back‐averaging) was normal. For the second patient, local infiltration of xylocaine and botulinum toxin into the stump scar rapidly stopped myoclonus and pain. Nerve injury induces ephaptic transmission and ectopic excitation. The physiopathological mechanisms of this type of myoclonus involve a peripheral generator that induces central (spinal) generator activity. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society