bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of cetirizine 2HCl on eosinophil migration in vivo
Authors: FADEL R. , HERPIN‐RICHARD NATHALIE , RIHOUX J. P. , HENOCQ E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of a potent antihistamine, cetirizine, was studied on allergic patients and normal subjects by means of an in‐vivo‘skin window’ technique. All subjects showed significant inhibition of skin‐test responses to grass pollen, compound 48/80, histamine and methacholine, after administration of a single dose (10 mg) of cetirizine. Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly decreased the eosinophils attraction at skin sites challenged with grass pollen and compound 48/80. In allergic patients no change in eosinophil migration pattern was noted with histamine and methacholine skin‐tested sites. In normal subjects, compound 48/80 and histamine did not induce eosinophil accumulation and cetirizine did not modify cellular patterns as compared to placebo. These results suggest that cetirizine acts on eosinophil migration by inhibiting the release of mast cell mediators or inhibiting the eosinophilotactic mediators themselves.
Skin testing with extracts of fungal species derived from the homes of allergy clinic patients in Toronto, Canada
Authors: TARLO S. M. , FRADKIN A. , TOBIN† R. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAirborne fungi in the homes of patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma, from a Toronto Allergy Clinic population, were isolated, quantified and identified to species. Allergen extracts were prepared from sixteen of these isolated species and used for skin‐prick testing of twenty‐six patients. Fourteen of the total patients reacted to one or more of these extracts at 1:10(w/v) concentrations. The most common positive skin responses (8/14 to 6/14) were found forCladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria tenuis, C. sphaerospermum, andFusariumsp. The two Cladosporium species were also most commonly isolated in homes, but A. tenuis and Fusarium sp. were found only in 4% and <1 % of the air samples, respectively.Epicoccum purpurascensandC. herbarum, which were isolated on approximately 10% of the plates, showed fewer skin reactions compared with the above. Positive skin‐test response to the other ten study extracts ranged from 5/14 for two species ofAspergillusandPhoma glomerata, to 1/14 forPenicillium viridicatum; of these species,Aspergillus fumigatuswas isolated in 3% of the home samples, the others were less than 1%. The findings suggest that fungal antigens from species found in homes are commonly associated with skin sensitization in an allergy clinic population with upper or lower respiratory allergy. No specific relationships were found, however, between the prevalence of fungal species in the home environment and their prevalence as skin‐test allergens.
IgG antibodies against polyisocyanates in car painters
Authors: WELINDER H. , NIELSEN J. , BENSRYD L. , SKERFVING S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA group of thirty car painters exposed to vapours and aerosols of paint containing prepolymer and monomer of hexametylene diisocyanate (HDI) was investigated. Specific antibodies against monomer HDI and prepolymerized HDI were analysed with RAST (IgE) and ELISA (IgG) assays after conjugation of the haptens with human serum albumin. There was no significant increase of serum IgG antibodies against HDI monomer, nor of specific IgE antibodies against HDI monomer or prepolymer. Specific IgG antibodies against prepolymerized HDI were significantly increased, as compared with non‐exposed referents (medians 0.11 vs 0.03 absorbance (A)). Six car painters were found to have specific IgG antibodies of subclass 4 against HDI prepolymer, four also against HDI monomer. This shows an association between exposure and specific IgG antibodies. Thirteen subjects had suffered symptoms of rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis, and ten had symptoms from the bronchi (two asthma). There was no significant association between symptoms and levels of specific antibodies. Most of the symptoms were slight and unspecific, probably due to irritative effects of the exposure.
Isotype specific immunoglobulin responses to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the purified allergen Der p 1 in asthmatic and control subjects from the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: STEWART G. A. , DOWSE G. K. , TURNER K. J. , ALPERS M. P. , NISBET A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe IgG, IgE and IgA antibody responses to the whole mite extract and a purified major mite allergen Der p 1, in sera from asthmatic and age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects from the South Fore region of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, have been studied. Radio‐allergosorbent studies showed that the majority of the asthmatics, in contrast to control subjects, produced IgE to whole mite extract, and that Der p 1 was a major allergen in this population with 88% of mite allergic asthmatics responding. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay studies on these sera showed that the geometric mean levels of whole mite, but not Der p 1, specific IgG and IgA were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than in the control group. Significant correlations between whole mite specific IgG, IgE and IgA responses were obtained. These data indicate that Papua New Guinean asthmatics are similar to Caucasian asthmatic population with regard to serological responses to mite allergens, despite differences in disease presentation, particularly the late age of onset and severity of symptoms.
Long‐term safety of budesonide nasal aerosol: a 5.5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: PIPKORN U. , PUKANDER J. , SUONPÄÄ J. , MÄKINEN JUDITH , LINDQVIST N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effects of prolonged treatment with intranasally applied budesonide was studied in twenty‐four patients with perennial allergic or non‐allergic rhinitis. Patients on continuous treatment were followed up for 5.5 years. At entry and follow‐up visits, rhinoscopic findings, nasal symptom scores, blood chemistry, haematology, urine analysis and determination of plasma cortisol levels, before and after stimulation with ACTH (Synacthen®, Ciba‐Geigy AG, Basel, Switzerland), were registered. Biopsies of the nasal mucosa were taken before entry into the study, after 1 year of treatment, and after varying time intervals ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 years during the treatment. The biopsy specimens were examined blindly by an independent pathologist. The analyses revealed no histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa. All nasal symptom parameters assessed by the patients were significantly reduced from the baseline during the entire follow‐up period. No clinically significant changes in the haematological and blood chemistry parameters were observed. Plasma cortisol analyses before and after challenge with ACTH revealed no influence on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The present study suggests that intranasal budesonide in the dose of 200–400 μg/day is also a safe treatment for prolonged treatment of perennial rhinitis.
Basidiospore allergens: analysis of Coprinus quadrifidus spore, cap, and stalk extracts
Authors: DAVIS W. E. , HORNER W. E. , SALVAGGIO J. E. , LEHRER S. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAtopic individuals with symptoms of respiratory allergy have been shown to have IgE‐mediated reactions to spores from the basidiomycete fungi. Because our earlier studies suggested that parts of the fungus other than spores may contain allergens, the current study was performed. Extracts of Coprinus quadrifidus spores, caps, and stalks were prepared and fractionated by gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G‐75. Analysis of column fractions of each separation by ultraviolet absorption demonstrated at least three peaks of absorbency in spore, cap, and stalk extracts. Pooled column fractions were analysed by direct radio‐allergosorbent test (RAST) using pooled sera from C. quadrifidus skin‐test positive subjects. Enhanced allergenic activity was present in the same portion of the column eluate for cap, spore, and stalk fractionations, corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 10.5–25 kD. Pools with allergenic activity were used to test volunteers by skin prick and RAST. Skin test and RAST activities were similar for each of the three Coprinus extracts, with stalk being the most potent. Evidence of common allergenic epitopes was demonstrated by inhibition of spore RAST by spore, cap, and stalk extracts. These results suggest that C. quadrifidus cap and stalk extracts contain allergens similar to those in spores extract and may provide useful sources of allergen for further study.
Guanine and mite allergenicity in house dust
Authors: PAULI GABRIELLE , HOYET C. , TENABENE A. , le MAO J. , THIERRY R. , BESSOT J. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGuanine is the major nitrogenous waste product in arachnids. It may serve as an indicator for allergenic mite faecal pellets. The present study assesses the correlation between the mite allergenicity of different house dust (HD) samples and their guanine content. Guanine content in HD samples was evaluated either by the Acarex‐Test or determined quantitatively, especially for in‐vitro methods. Using intradermal tests in selectively sensitized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) patients, we evaluated the mite allergenicity of eight extracts obtained from HD samples with varying guanine contents. The weal area appeared to be proportional to the HD samples’ guanine content. A three‐fold increase in skin reactivity was observed when the guanine content varied from 0.06% to more than 1%. Patients allergic to HD but not to Dpt had no significant reactions with HD extract prepared from a guanine‐rich HD sample. For eighteen different HD samples coupled to paper discs, the percentage Dpt RAST binding values obtained with a Dpt‐selectively sensitized patient serum pool was correlated with the guanine concentrations of HD samples (P < 0.01). The potencies of different HD extracts obtained from HD samples that varied in guanine content were also clearly distinguished on histamine‐release titration curves. House dust obtained from homes at high altitude or from hospitals was generally guanine free. The HD sample guanine contents in homes where twelve Dpt‐sensitized patients experienced symptoms were significantly higher than in homes where these patients were symptom free. The guanine colour test, a quick and easy technique, represents an important new development in indoor environmental investigations. It makes it possible to demonstrate mite faecal exposure and can be used to monitor the effectiveness of mite allergen avoidance measures.
Experiences of specific IgE in asthma due to diisocyanates
Authors: KESKINEN HELENA , TUPASELA OUTI , TIIKKAINEN ULLA , NORDMAN H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe specific IgE antibodies were studied with the Phadebas® RAST technique in 35 patients with asthma due to diisocyanates. Two had been sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 17 to methylene diisocyanate (MDI) and 16 to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). In each case the diagnosis was confirmed with a bronchial provocation test (BPT). The asthmatic reaction was immediate in 17 cases, of which three had also a late reaction (dual). Eighteen patients reacted only with a late reaction. Seven (20%) had specific IgE to diisocyanates. All RAST‐positive patients had an immediate asthmatic reaction. None of the late reactors and referents had positive RASTs. RAST inhibition tests with 94–100% inhibition confirmed the specificity of the method. There was cross‐reactivity between different diisocyanates, however. The patients with positive RAST to diisocyanates had a higher level of total IgE than the RAST negative group and the referents.
Prolonged treatment with topical glucocorticoids results in an inhibition of the allergen‐induced weal‐and‐flare response and a reduction in skin mast cell numbers and histamine content
Authors: PIPKORN U. , HAMMARLUND A. , ENERBÄCK L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe inhibitory effects of topical glucocorticosteroid treatment on the immediate dermal allergic reaction were studied in 10 patients in a double, randomized, placebo‐controlled fashion. The aim was to study whether a prolongation of the treatment time would enhance the inhibitory effect beyond the 30–40% reduction previously reported after I week of treatment, and whether any changes in skin reactivity were accompanied by changes in the level of mast cells or histamine at the challenge site. Allergen and histamine skin‐prick tests were performed on both forearms before the start of the study and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with placebo cream on one forearm and with 0.05% clobetasot‐17‐propionate cream on the other. Punch biopsies from the skin treated actively and with placebo were taken after 4 weeks in eight of the patients. The specimens were used for the light‐microscopic evaluation of mast cell density and for the measurement of histamine and protein content. After 4 weeks of treatment we found a reduction in the allergen‐induced weal (72%; P<0.001) and flare (62%; P<0.05) response. There was also a minor reduction in the histamine‐induced weal (38%; P<0.05) but not the flare response, suggesting that the glucocorticoid treatment induced a reduced mediator release at allergen challenge. This could be partially explained by the finding of a reduction in the number of detectable skin mast cells (85%; from 0.78 to 0.11 mast cells per unit area) and in the histamine content of the skin as related to the tissue wet weight (36%; P<0.05). There was also an increase in the protein content of the skin in relation to tissue weight (37%; P<0.05), which was presumably partly caused by a reduction in the water content of the skin, further enhancing the reduction of histamine when related to tissue protein content to 56% (P<0.01). These findings of a glucocorticosteroid induced reduction in the mast cell density of the skin differ from the results of our previous study of airway mucosa, where the mast cell density was not reduced by topical glucocorticoid treatment in a dosage which effectively inhibits the immediate allergic response after allergen challenge. These differences can be interpreted as being due to differences in the steroid responsiveness of different mast cell populations, but may also depend on differences in the pharmacokinetics of the glucocorticosteroids when applied locally to the skin as opposed to the airway mucosa. The present results emphasize the role of the mast cell and histamine in the pathogenesis of the immediate dermal allergic reaction, but also stress that the effects of glucocorticosteroids are largely dependent not only on dosage but also on treatment times. Results from in‐vitro and other studies involving short‐term treatment with glucocorticosteroids should therefore be interpreted with caution.
Relationship between skin‐prick tests, the multiple allergosorbent test and symptoms of allergic disease
Authors: FINNERTY J.P. , SUMMERELL S. , HOLGATE S.T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn 47 atopic subjects, skin‐prick testing to 10 common allergens was performed, and specific IgE to the same allergens was assessed by the multi‐allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay (MAST‐CLA). Overall agreement between the tests was 66.4% for conventionally positive skin tests (weal diameter 3 mm), rising to 78.5% when a positive skin test was defined as having a weal diameter greater than or equal to 5 mm. Agreement between the tests was statistically significant for all allergens except Alternaria. A history was obtained from each subject of the presence or absence of allergic symptoms on exposure to cats, and whether there was a history of grass pollen allergy. MAST‐CLA testing for specific IgE to cat dander predicted a history of cat allergy with an efficiency of 74.5%, while a positive MAST‐CLA test for Cocksfoot grass predicted a history of grass pollen allergy with an efficiency of 85.1%. Similar results were obtained on skin testing for these allergens. We conclude that MAST‐CLA gave results comparable to those obtained by skin‐prick testing, and correlated equally well with the history of allergic symptoms.
A new method for IgE detection in nasal mucosa
Authors: MARCUCCI F. , SENSI L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new method for determining IgE antibodies on mucosal surfaces has been developed with the purpose of overcoming the main problems of nasal secretion sampling and standardization. The method is based on the principle of performing the incubation of the solid‐phase coupled allergen with IgE antibody directly on the mucosal surface by means of a proper applicator. About two times higher values of specific IgE have been obtained with 5 min incubation on septal mucosa, behind the internal ostium, than with 3 hr in‐vitro incubation with native secretion. In a study of 53 children with allergic rhinitis and asthma and 10 healthy non‐atopic controls the sensitivity and specificity of this new method were evident. Because of its reliability and easy execution the new method could be widely used in diagnosis of allergic disease. Further, it seems to offer a good opportunity to study the IgE‐mediated reaction in the target organ more extensively.
Use of an autologous reactionin vitroto assess contributions of T and B lymphocytes to immune hyperreactivity of atopics
Authors: DUKE‐COHAN J. S. , HIRT RALY , ROTTEM M. , BEN‐ZVI A. , RUBINOW A. , NAOR D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThein‐vitroproliferative reaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation) to autologous pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐induced lymphoblasts (PWM‐lymphoblast‐stimulated autologous mixed leucocyte reaction, PWM.AMLR) was used as a measure of immune hyperreactivity for comparison of atopic with non‐atopic individuals. Accordingly, 10/24 non‐atopics responded in the PWM.AMLR, and 19/19 atopics reacting to inhaled allergens responded. Autologous stimulation was associated with release of mitogenic factors from the PWM‐activated stimulating cells (2/15 non‐atopics, 9/15 atopics). For non‐atopics, stimulation delivered by staphylococcus A (SAC)‐activated cells was similar to that delivered by PWM‐induced cells, while in atopics, the SAC.AMLR was never more than 50% of the PWM.AMLR, indicating a possible T cell component. Separation by panning of the stimulation cells into lymphocyte subsets supported the notion that stimulation involved a cooperation between B and T4+T cells. It is proposed that a positive PWM.AMLR is dependent upon an initial B cell activation followed by the PWM stimulus dependent upon a previous T cell activation, where atopics have more lymphocytes in an activated state than healthy non‐atopics. Such a baseline priming may contribute to an innate sensitivity of atopics to environmental allergens.
Lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from stable asthmatics, and their correlations with bronchial responsiveness
Authors: KELLY C. A. , STENTON S. C. , WARD C. , BIRD G. , HENDRICK D. J. , WALTERS E. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBronchial responsiveness to methacholine (PD20 FEV1) was assessed in 22 asthmatic subjects approximately 5 days prior to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A PD20 FFV1 could not be attained in 20 matched controls with normal pulmonary function. BAL was performed in all subjects, 3 ± 60 ml aliquots of buffered saline being Introduced into a segment of the middle lobe and immediately aspirated into siliconized glassware at 4°C. After filtration, cells were counted, and the cell pellet resuspended in medium 199. Cytospin slides were prepared and a differential cell count performed. Lymphocyte subsets were identified by labelling further cytospin preparation with specific monoclonal antibodies (Leu series) against T3, T4, T8 and B cell markers, followed by a fluorescent antibody marker. The slides were coded, and 100 lymphocytes were then randomly scanned for fluorescence on each cytospin preparation. The median total lymphocyte counts were significantly greater in the asthmatic subjects, but this increase was confined to the T cell subgroups. The mean T4/T8 ratio was similar in asthmatic (1.51) and control (1.45) subjects. Log PD20 FFV1 correlated positively with total lymphocyte counts (r= 0.42, P < 0.05), and with total T8 counts (r= 0.60, P < 0.05). Correlations between bronchial responsiveness and T3, T4 and B lymphocyte numbers all failed to reach significance, and there was no correlation with T4/T8 ratios. The increase in BAL lymphocyte counts in asthma appears to be due loan absolute increase in T cell subsets, especially the T8 lymphocyte subgroup, and is most marked in mild asthmatics.
The allergens of dog. I. Identification using crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: FORD ANNETTE W. , ALTERMAN LESLEY , KEMENY D. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe antigens present in an extract of dog hair and dander were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and the IgE‐binding allergens by crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), respectively, using sera from 60 British and Finnish animal‐allergic subjects. The extract was comprised of a minimum of 28 antigens, 11 of which were common to dog serum. IgE antibody in the sera of the dog‐sensitive patients bound to 21 of the 28 antigens at varying frequencies and intensities. Binding of any intensity occurred most frequently to two serum proteins: antigen 23 (IgG) binding IgE in 88% of cases, and antigen 3 (dog serum albumin, DSA) in 77% of cases. Dander antigen 8 bound in 63% and antigen 1 in 42% of the sera. Strong IgE binding, however, was most commonly associated with dander antigen 8 followed by antigens 1 and 23 (IgG) then 3 (DSA). The ranking of the antigens as allergens was similar for the two populations except that DSA was more important for the British than for the Finnish subjects.
Dust from carpeted and smooth floors. I. Comparative measurements of antigenic and allergenic proteins in dust vacuumed from carpeted and non‐carpeted classrooms in Norwegian schools
Authors: DYBENDAL TURID , HETLAND TRUDE , VIK H. , APOLD J. , ELSAYED S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDust samples from fitted‐carpets and linoleum floors in 12 schools in Norway were collected by vacuum cleaning. The presence of antigens and allergens of alder (Alnus incana), birch (Betula verrucosa), timothy (Phleum pratense), mould (Cladosporium herbarum), house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae), cat and dog dander, codfish, hen egg white and human dander were investigated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) and radio‐allergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition. No qualitative differences in allergen contents of dust from both types of floor tested were noted. Similarly, no relationship could be demonstrated between floor‐type and allergen concentration under identical experimental conditions. Antigens and allergens of both cat and dog were frequently demonstrated in dust extracts. All extracts included human dander and mould allergens. In addition, most dust samples from both carpeted and smooth floors contained hen egg white and codfish allergens. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that dust from smooth floors and fitted‐carpets was relatively free of mite and pollen from alder, birch and timothy.