bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does tobacco industry marketing excessively impact lesbian, gay and bisexual communities?
Authors: Dilley J A , Spigner C , Boysun M J , Dent C W , Pizacani B A 
Published: August 2008

Background:Tobacco industry documents have revealed marketing plans specifically to reach lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) populations. Research supports a causal linkage between receptivity and exposure to tobacco industry marketing and tobacco use uptake among adolescents. Pro-tobacco messages may diminish the effectiveness of tobacco control activities and contribute to the high smoking prevalence among LGB populations.Objective:To compare receptivity and exposure to tobacco industry marketing between LGB and heterosexual populations.Methods:Nearly 400 gay or bisexual men and more than 600 lesbian or bisexual women were identified in the 2003–2006 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a state-wide, population-based telephone survey of adults. The BRFSS included questions measuring receptivity and exposure to tobacco industry marketing. Multiple logistic regression models stratified by gender were used to assess differences for lesbians, gays and bisexuals separately, in comparison to their heterosexual counterparts.Results:As expected, smoking prevalence was higher among LGB populations than among heterosexuals. After adjustment for demographic differences and smoking status, gay and bisexual men reported more exposure to tobacco industry marketing (free sample distribution) than straight men, but were equally receptive to it. Lesbian and bisexual women were more receptive to and reported more exposure to tobacco industry marketing than straight women.Conclusion:LGB communities, especially lesbian and bisexual women, appear to be effectively targeted by tobacco industry marketing activities. Strategies to limit tobacco industry marketing, and increase individuals’ resistance to marketing, may be critical to reducing smoking among LGB populations.
Adenoviral endoplasmic reticulum–targeted mda-7/interleukin-24 vector enhances human cancer cell killing
Authors: Pataer Abujiang , Hu Wenxian , Xiaolin Lu , Chada Sunil , Roth Jack A. , Hunt Kelly K. , Swisher Stephen G. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We developed several adenoviral vectors designed to target MDA-7 expression to different subcellular compartments [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, nucleus, and cytosol] and evaluated their ability to enhance apoptosis. Adenoviral ER-targeted mda-7/interleukin-24 vector (Ad-ER-mda7) selectively and effectively inhibited the growth and proliferation of lung (A549 and H1299) and esophageal (Seg1 and Bic1) cancer cells by enhancing cell killing. Both Ad-mda7 and Ad-ER-mda7 activated a novel pathway of ER stress-induced apoptosis characterized by unregulated expression of phosphorylated JNK, phosphorylated c-Jun, and phosphorylated RNA-dependent protein kinase. Caspase-4 activation mediated Ad-mda7- and Ad-ER-mda7-induced cell death. In addition, Ad-mda7- and Ad-ER-mda7-mediated growth inhibition correlated with activation of ER molecular markers RNA-dependent protein kinase and JNK both in vitro (in Ad-mda7- or Ad-ER-mda7-treated lung cancer cells) and in vivo. These findings suggest that vectors targeting the ER (Ad-ER-mda7) may be more effective in cancer gene therapy possibly through more effective induction or ER stress pathways. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(8):2528–35]
Z3, a novel Jak2 tyrosine kinase small-molecule inhibitor that suppresses Jak2-mediated pathologic cell growth
Authors: Sayyah Jacqueline , Magis Andrew , Ostrov David A. , Allan Robert W. , Braylan Raul C. , Sayeski Peter P. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Jak2 tyrosine kinase is essential for animal development and hyperkinetic Jak2 function has been linked to a host of human diseases. Control of this pathway using Jak2-specific inhibitors would therefore potentially serve as a useful research tool and/or therapeutic agent. Here, we used a high-throughput program called DOCK to predict the ability of 20,000 small molecules to interact with a structural pocket adjacent to the ATP-binding site of murine Jak2. One small molecule, 2-methyl-1-phenyl-4-pyridin-2-yl-2-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)butan-1-one (herein designated as Z3), bound to Jak2 with a favorable energy score. Z3 inhibited Jak2-V617F and Jak2-WT autophosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner but was not cytotoxic to cells at concentrations that inhibited kinase activity. Z3 selectively inhibited Jak2 kinase function with no effect on Tyk2 or c-Src kinase function. Z3 significantly inhibited proliferation of the Jak2-V617F-expressing, human erythroleukemia cell line, HEL 92.1.7. The Z3-mediated reduction in cell proliferation correlated with reduced Jak2 and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation levels as well as marked cell cycle arrest. Finally, Z3 inhibited the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells isolated from the bone marrow of an essential thrombocythemia patient harboring the Jak2-V617F mutation and a polycythemia vera patient carrying a Jak2-F537I mutation. Collectively, the data suggest that Z3 is a novel specific inhibitor of Jak2 tyrosine kinase. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(8):2308–18]
Tumor-associated CD75s- and iso-CD75s-gangliosides are potential targets for adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Distler Ute , Souady Jamal , Hülsewig Marcel , Drmić-Hofman Irena , Haier Jörg , Denz Axel , Grützmann Robert , Pilarsky Christian , Senninger Norbert , Dreisewerd Klaus , Berkenkamp Stefan , Schmidt M. Alexander , Peter-Katalinić Jasna , Müthing Johannes 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma confers one of the highest mortality rates in malignant human tumors with very poor prognosis. Because as yet no treatments are available that produce a substantial survival benefit for this fatal neoplasia, new therapeutic concepts are urgently required to support cancer standard treatment. In search of tumor-associated gangliosides with therapeutic background, we probed a random collection of cancerous and adjacent normal postoperative tissue samples from 38 patients for the expression of CD75s- and iso-CD75s-gangliosides. We exhaustively analyzed the expression of CD75s-1-ganglioside (IV6Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer) and structurally closely related iso-CD75s-1-ganglioside (IV3Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer) by means of immunohistology of cryosections and semiquantitative TLC of tissue lipid extracts combined with mass spectrometry. CD75s-1- and iso-CD75s-1-ganglioside showed an elevated expression in 42% and 66% of the tumors, respectively, indicating a significant association with neoplastic transformation (P = 0.001). Thus, increased expression of CD75s-1- and iso-CD75s-1-gangliosides renders these cell surface molecules promising candidates for oncologic applications. Further statistical analysis revealed a significant enhancement of CD75s-1-ganglioside in the group of less differentiated tumors (grade &gt;2) suggesting this ganglioside as a potential marker for poor differentiation. The CD75s-specific antitumor drug rViscumin, which represents the recombinant counterpart of the ribosome-inactivating lectin viscumin, has successfully passed clinical phase I trials and provides an opportunity for treating pancreatic cancer. Consequently, if an enhanced expression is existent in malignant tissues, we propose the targeting of CD75s-gangliosides with rViscumin as a novel potential strategy in adjuvant treatment of pancreatic malignancies. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(8):2464–12]
SIRT1 Contributes in Part to Cisplatin Resistance in Cancer Cells by Altering Mitochondrial Metabolism
Authors: Liang Xing-Jie , Finkel Toren , Shen Ding-Wu , Yin Jun-Jie , Aszalos Adorjan , Gottesman Michael M. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Tumors frequently develop resistance to cisplatin, a platinum drug used as a cornerstone of present-day chemotherapy regimens, significantly decreasing its usefulness in the clinic. Although it is known that cisplatin-resistant (CP-r) cancer cells commonly grow more slowly and exhibit reduced uptake of various compounds, including nutrients, the effect of tumor metabolism on cisplatin resistance is unclear. It was found that in CP-r cells, uptake of 2-deoxyglucose was reduced due to dysfunction and altered morphology of mitochondria compared with cisplatin-sensitive parental cancer cells. The CP-r cells overexpressed SIRT1, a histone deacetylase that plays a central role in DNA damage response and transcriptional silencing. Incubation of drug-sensitive cells in low glucose medium induced the expression of SIRT1 and increased cellular resistance to cisplatin. Reduced SIRT1 expression by a SIRT1 SMART small interfering RNA duplex sensitized the &gt;20-fold resistant CP-r cells to cisplatin treatment 1.5- to 2-fold, and SIRT1 overexpression by SIRT1 cDNA transfection increased cisplatin resistance in cisplatin-sensitive cells by 2- to 3-fold. Our findings therefore suggest that reduced glucose use and altered mitochondrial metabolism mediated by SIRT1 is one of several alterations that contribute to cellular resistance to cisplatin. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(9):1499–506)
Suppression of the p53-Dependent Replicative Senescence Response by Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling
Authors: Kortlever Roderik M. , Brummelkamp Thijn R. , van Meeteren Laurens A. , Moolenaar Wouter H. , Bernards René 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator of a large number of biological processes, including wound healing, brain development, vascular remodeling, and tumor progression. Its role in tumor progression is probably linked to its ability to induce cell proliferation, migration, and survival. In particular, the ascites of ovarian cancers is rich in LPA and has been implicated in growth and invasion of ovarian tumor cells. LPA binds to specific G protein–coupled receptors and thereby activates multiple signal transduction pathways, including those initiated by the small GTPases Ras, Rho, and Rac. We report here a genetic screen with retroviral cDNA expression libraries to identify genes that allow bypass of the p53-dependent replicative senescence response in mouse neuronal cells, conditionally immortalized by a temperature-sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen. Using this approach, we identified the LPA receptor type 2 (LPA2) and the Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dbs as potent inducers of senescence bypass. Enhanced expression of LPA2 or Dbs also results in senescence bypass in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts in the presence of wild-type p53, in a Rho GTPase–dependent manner. Our results reveal a novel and unexpected link between LPA signaling and the p53 tumor-suppressive pathway. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(9):1452–60)
Furries from A to Z (Anthropomorphism to Zoomorphism)
Authors: Bernstein Penny , Paolone Nicholas , Higner Justin , Gerbasi Kathleen , Conway Samuel , Privitera Adam , Scaletta Laura 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study explored the furry identity. Furries are humans interested in anthropomorphic art and cartoons. Some furries have zoomorphic tendencies. Furries often identify with, and/or assume, characteristics of a special/totem species of nonhuman animal. This research surveyed both furries (n = 217) and non-furry individuals (n = 29) attending a furry convention and a comparison group of college students (n = 68). Furries commonly indicated dragons and various canine and feline species as their alternate-species identity; none reported a nonhuman-primate identity. Dichotomous responses (“yes” or “no”) to two key furry-identity questions (“do you consider yourself to be less than 100% human” and “if you could become 0% human, would you”) produced a two-by-two furry typology. These two independent dimensions are self-perception (undistorted versus distorted) and species identity (attained versus unattained). One-quarter of the furry sample answered “yes” to both questions, placing them in the “Distorted Unattained” quadrant. This type of furry has certain characteristics paralleling gender-identity disorder. To explore this parallel, the furry typology, and the proposed construct of “Species Identity Disorder” needs further research.
Functional Links Between Intimate Partner Violence and Animal Abuse: Personality Features and Representations of Aggression
Authors: Gupta Maya 
Published: August 2008

AbstractActs of intimate partner violence (IPV) and abuse of nonhuman animals are common, harmful, and co-occurring phenomena. The aim of the present study was to identify perpetrator subtypes based on variable paths hypothesized to influence physical violence toward both partners and nonhuman animals: (a) callousness and instrumental representations of aggression and (b) rejection-sensitivity and expressive representations of aggression. Strong associations emerged between callousness and instrumental representations and between rejection-sensitivity and expressive representations. For males, callousness directly predicted both IPV and animal abuse. For females, rejection-sensitivity predicted IPV. Instrumental representations mediated the relationship between callousness and animal abuse for females but not for males. Results suggest that IPV and animal abuse functionally interconnect, that perpetration of animal abuse may differ in function across gender, and that identifying distinct pathways to violence may facilitate violence prediction and prevention.
Empathic Correlates of Witnessing the Inhumane Killing of an Animal: An Investigation of Single and Multiple Exposures
Authors: Morton Larry , Daly Beth 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSeventy-five adults who reported witnessing at least 1 animal being killed inhumanely participated in a study of 5 measures of empathy from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980) and the Animal Attitude Scale (AAS) (Herzog, Betchart, & Pittman, 1991): Perspective Taking (PT), Fantasy (FS), Emotional Concern (EC), Personal Distress (PD), and Animal Attitudes (AA). Females showed greater sensitivity (4 of 5 scales) on a 2-way MANOVA with Sex (male, female) and Witnessing Killing (never, once, multiple) as independent variables. Individuals who witnessed multiple killings were higher on PT and lower on PD scales. Lower PD for those who witnessed multiple killings suggests hardening or habituation related to exposure. Alternatively, they may lack resistance to involvement in situations leading to animal violence. Higher PT scores related to multiple killings may indicate a natural leaning toward the cognitive—rather than affective—or dissociation between cognitive and affective. A shift to the cognitive, as a defense mechanism, suggests a dissociation hypothesis. Implications extend to the need for refined research in the developmental sequence of animal abuse and empathy, and humane education.
Reasons for Companion Animal Guardianship (Pet Ownership) from Two Populations
Authors: Staats Sara , Wallace Heidi , Anderson Tara 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to extend and replicate previously published results from a random probability sample of university faculty. The sample assessed reasons given for companion-animal guardianship (owning pets) and for belief in the beneficial health effects of owning pets. In this replication and extension design, these two non-random samples responded to the same questionnaire items as those addressed to university faculty. Results indicated that avoidance of loneliness was the most frequent reason for owning pets among both students and middle-aged community members. This result is consistent with the view that animals provide social support and companionship to humans at various stages of the life cycle. Suggesting an emergent feature of the human-nonhuman animal bond, both groups selected, “the pet helps keep me active” as the second-most common reason. Older women reported a greater belief in the health-giving benefits of pet ownership than did younger persons or men. This belief may contribute to human benefits of pet ownership and requires further research.
Second Generation Argentinean Migrants in Catalonia: Ethnic Mobility and Mobilization
Authors: Alarcón Amado , Garzón Luis 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDrawing on some preliminary findings of an ongoing research project on second-generation Argentinean migrants and their language use and social mobility in Catalonia, this paper focuses on the link between social mobility and ethnic mobilization. Using findings from interviews with migrants that came to Spain in the 1970s and 1980s as well as their children who have grown up in Spain, we demonstrate the degree of integration and labor market participation by both generations. Our research also emphasizes the roles political action and language learning play in their integration.
Globalization and Inequality
Authors: Weede Erich 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGlobalization may be defined by a worldwide division of labor and increasing trade between nations. This is inconceivable without expanding economic freedom across the world. Free trade and globalization increase competition, productivity, and economic growth rates. In spite of increasing inequality within many large economies – including the US, China, and Russia – inequality between human beings and households has been reduced. Since catch-up growth in big Asian economies contributes to Schumpeterian “creative destruction,” it necessitates rich economies to adapt, to become ever more entrepreneurial and innovative. This generates resentment and strengthens protectionist excesses which might serve some special interests. But protectionism harms the global economy, the prospects of the poor to grow out of poverty and, worse still, likely increases the risk of war.
Up-dating Its Strategies and Amplifying Its Frames: The Landless Rural Workers' Movement in Brazil and the Displacement of the Struggle for Land
Authors: Caldeira Rute 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present article examines the possible loss of prominence of land occupations as a strategy of struggle within the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra's (Landless Rural Workers' Movement or MST) repertoires of contention. I argue that this possible decline began during Cardoso's government and that the movement is in the process of institutionalizing other strategies of struggle, which have yet to prove as effective as land occupations. Some legal amendments during Cardoso's administration undermined the effectiveness and even the usefulness of land occupations. The MST has nevertheless updated its frames and its strategies of struggle, and reinforced its role as a national and global social movement. Findings in the present article are supported by several interviews collected during field research, academic and newspaper articles, and general sources about the matter.
HIV/AIDS and Economic Development: Evidence from Thirty-Nine Sub-Saharan Countries
Authors: Kahende Jennifer , Hoch Irving 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper (1) examines whether there is a bilateral relationship between HIV/AIDS and economic development; (2) estimates the impact of HIV/AIDS on economic development; and (3) identifies some of the factors affecting the spread of HIV/AIDS. Analyses are based on data from 39 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1989-1998. HIV/AIDS negatively impacted economic development, with no evidence of a reciprocal relation. Expenditures on health and education as well as political freedom had positive impacts on development, but negative impacts on HIV/AIDS incidence. Expenditures on female education impacted development and HIV/AIDS incidence.
Changing Demographic of Labor Force and Productivity: A Case of Japan
Authors: Koshal Manjulika , Gupta Ashok , Koshal Rajindar , Akkihal Chandra , Mine Yoichi 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
For the period of 1978-2003, this paper examines the relationship between changing productivity and demographic characteristics of Japan's labor force. The results of this study reveal four important and interesting characteristics of the Japanese labor force. First, there is a negative relationship between productivity growth and turnover rates. Second, the participation rate of younger workers in the labor force has declined; this has resulted in a decline in the percentage of younger workers (15-34 years old). Third, the gender distribution of the labor force has not changed in any significant way. Fourth, the unemployment rate has increased by more than four times. These labor force changes have contributed to fluctuations in productivity growth.
Food Production, Food Imports, and the WTO's Special and Differential Provisions to Trade: The Case of Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Gani Azmat 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the extent of food production, imports, and trade policy opportunities in terms of the special and differential treatment (SDT) in Pacific Island countries (PICs). It is revealed that stagnating per capita incomes and high incidence of poverty are lowering the quality of life among a significant proportion of the PIC population. PICs' well-being is likely to be further worsened by falling and stagnating food production and significant rises in food prices as a result of food imports that range between 14 to 29 percent of total imports. PICs' future development is likely to be hampered by the looming economic fallout arising from regional integration. Thus, ensuring food self-sufficiency is essential for improved well-being. In this regard, the PICs window of opportunity is to maximize the utility of the SDT under the World Trade Organisations (WTO) provisions. Urgent governmental attention is required in terms of calibrating regional country-specific composite measures of trade and development parameters so as to allow the capacity of the PICs to bargain for the SDT with greater clarity, strength and meaning.
Linking Leadership to Student Learning: The Contributions of Leader Efficacy
Authors: Leithwood Kenneth , Jantzi Doris 
Published: August 2008

Purposes: This study aimed to improve our understanding of the nature, causes and consequence of school leader efficacy, including indirect influences on student learning. We asked about district contributions to school leader efficacy, whether leader self- and collective efficacy responded to the same or different district conditions and the effects of leader efficacy on conditions in the school and the learning of students.Methods: Evidence for the study was provided by 96 principal and 2,764 teacher respondents to two separate surveys, along with student achievement data in language and math averaged over 3 years. Path analytic techniques were used to address the objectives for the study.Findings: In this study, school leaders' collective efficacy was an important link between district conditions and both the conditions found in schools and their effects on student achievement. School leaders'sense of collective efficacy also had a strong, positive, relationship with leadership practices found to be effective in earlier studies.Implications: These results suggest that district leaders are most likely to build the confidence and sense of collective efficacy among principals by emphasizing the priority they attach to achievement and instruction, providing targeted and phased focus for school improvement efforts and by building cooperative working relationships with schools.