bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of two new chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the development of dental plaque, gingivitis, and discolouration. A randomized, investigator‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 3‐week experimental gingivitis study
Authors: Lorenz K. , Bruhn G. , Heumann C. , Netuschil L. , Brecx M. , Hoffmann T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this experimental gingivitis study was to assess the efficacy and safety of two new chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinses.Materials and Methods: Ninety volunteers participated in this investigator‐blind, randomized, clinical‐controlled trial in parallel groups. During the treatment period, no oral hygiene measures except rinsing with non‐alcoholic 0.2% CHX or 0.2% CHX/0.055% sodium fluoride mouthrinses, a positive control, or a negative control were permitted. The primary parameter was the gingival index; the secondary parameters were plaque index, discolouration index, and bleeding on probing. Clinical examinations were conducted 14 days before the start of the study, at baseline, and after 7, 14, and 21 days. The two sample t‐test, anova, and ancova were used for the statistical analysis.Results: No difference in efficacy was found between the two new CHX formulations and the positive control. On day 21, statistically significantly less gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation compared with placebo were observed. Besides discolouration and taste irritations, no adverse events were recorded.Conclusion: The two new CHX mouthrinses were able to inhibit plaque re‐growth and gingivitis. Neither the omission of alcohol nor the supplementation with sodium fluoride had weakened the clinical efficacy of CHX with respect to the analysed clinical parameters.
A randomized clinical multicentre trial comparing enamel matrix derivative and membrane treatment of buccal class II furcation involvement in mandibular molars. Part III: patient factors and treatment outcome
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Richter Steffen , Meyle Joerg , Gonzales Jose R. , Heinz Bernd , Arjomand Mehrdad , Sculean Anton , Reich Elmar , Jepsen Karin , Jepsen Søren , Boedeker Rolf‐Hasso 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: Evaluation of effects of patient factors on the outcome of regenerative treatment of buccal mandibular class II furcation defects.Material and Methods: Fifty‐one patients were recruited. In the intention‐to‐treat population 21 patients were allocated into the sequence left treatment with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) and right guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and 27 in the sequence left GTR and right EMD. Evaluated patient factors were: smoking, age, gender, hypertension and oral hygiene status. Outcome parameters included change of: (a) horizontal depth of the defect at the deepest point (b) distance from the fornix of the furcation to bone crest of the defect, (c) distance from stent to the bottom of the defect, (d) pocket depth and (e) attachment level at the middle of the furcation.Results: In patients 54 years of age and older, in males, in non‐smokers and in patients with “poor” hygiene EMD‐treated sites showed a significant higher mean reduction of the parameters d (age), b (gender, hygiene) a (smoking, hygiene) when compared with sites treated with GTR.Conclusions: These data provided an indication of a possible effect of patient factors on the outcome of regenerative treatment of buccal mandibular class II furcation defects.
The structure of periodontal tissues formed following guided tissue regeneration therapy of intra‐bony defects in the monkey
Authors: Laurell Lars , Bose Manish , Graziani Filippo , Tonetti Maurizio , Berglundh Tord 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: To describe the periodontal tissues formed following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of intra‐bony defects (IBD).Methods: Eight adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys were used. Proximal IBD were created at the mandibular second pre‐molars and second molars. After 3 months, GTR surgery was performed. The animals were euthanized at 6 months and 2 years after surgery. Block biopsies were harvested, and prepared for histological analysis.Results: At 6 months the defect had healed with new cementum (NC), periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone. The NC seemed to be firmly anchored to the dentin. Supra‐crestally, the NC consisted of a 10 μm thick layer of acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC). Sub‐crestally, the NC was considerably thicker and consisted of an inner layer of AEFC and an outer thicker layer of cellular mixed fibre cementum (CMFC). The extrinsic fibre density amounted to about 10 fibres per 100 μm. The PDL was wider than the pristine PDL and widened in coronal direction. After 2 years of healing, the thickness of the NC in the sub‐crestal compartment had increased by about 20 μm and the fibre density had increased by about 50%.Conclusion: After 2 years of healing the structure of the regenerated tissues resembled that of pristine periodontal tissues.
NADPH oxidase (CYBA) and FcγR polymorphisms as risk factors for aggressive periodontitis: A case–control association study
Authors: Nibali L. , Parkar M. , Brett P. , Knight J. , Tonetti M. S. , Griffiths G. S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIntroduction: Neutrophils (PMN) in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients have been reported to be hyperactive especially with regards to superoxide production. Polymorphisms in genes influencing PMN function have been proposed as candidate risk factors for AgP. The aim of this study was to test the association of specific gene polymorphisms affecting PMN functions with AgP.Material and Methods: Two hundred and twenty‐four patients with confirmed diagnosis of AgP and 231 subjects with healthy periodontium took part in the study. A blood sample was collected from subjects and genotypes for p22phox (CYBA) NADPH oxidase, FP, Fcα and Fcγ receptors were analysed in a blind fashion.Results: The C242T p22phox NADPH oxidase T allele was significantly associated with AgP in a multiple logistic regression model adjusting for confounders, and this was observed for all subjects [p=0.002, odds ratio (OR)=1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.27−2.83] and Caucasians (p=0.009, OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.20–3.59). Concomitant presence of C242T p22phox NADPH oxidase T allele and FcγRIIIb NA1 homozygosity was associated with the generalized AgP phenotype in Caucasians (p=0.001, OR=30.35, 95% CI=3.81−241.97).Conclusions: C242T p22phox NADPH oxidase and FcγR polymorphisms may predispose to AgP through a modulation of neutrophil superoxide production.
Efficiency of the VectorTM‐system compared with conventional subgingival debridement in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Braun Andreas , Krause Felix , Hartschen Vera , Falk Wolfgang , Jepsen Søren 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: To assess the efficacy of the novel ultrasonic Vector™‐system system for subgingival debridement and to compare the results with conventional periodontal instrumentation in vitro and in vivo.Material and Methods: Forty extracted human teeth were treated in vitro: Vector™‐system with polishing (VP) and abrasive fluid (VA), conventional ultrasonic system (U) and hand instrument (H). At intervals of 40 s, calculus removal was assessed using a 3D laser scanning device. Eight single‐rooted teeth were treated in vivo with the Vector™‐system or hand instruments. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained for microbiological evaluation. After extraction, residual calculus was assessed by means of digitized planimetry.Results: In vitro efficiency of hand instruments was statistically higher compared with the conventional ultrasonic system (p<0.05) and the Vector™‐system with no difference between U and VA (p>0.05) and VA and VP (p>0.05). Residual calculus following in vivo instrumentation was not different in the Vector™ and the hand instrument group (p>0.05) but treatment time with the Vector™‐system was statistically higher (p<0.05). A similar reduction of periopathogenic bacteria could be observed in both groups.Conclusions: Using the Vector™‐system, root surfaces can be debrided as thoroughly as with conventional instruments. However, treatment is more time consuming than conventional debridement.
The effect of harp music on heart rate, mean blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature in the African green monkey
Authors: Hinds Sarah Bro , Raimond Susan , Purcell Bret K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  The effectiveness of recorded harp music as a tool for relaxation for non‐human primates is explored in this study.Methods  Konigsberg Instruments Model T27F‐1B cardiovascular telemetry devices were implanted into nine African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). After post‐surgical recovery, animals were exposed to recorded harp music. Telemetry data were collected on heart rate, mean blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature for a 30‐minute baseline period before music exposure; a 90‐minute period of music exposure; and a 90‐minute post‐exposure period, where no music was played.Results  No statistical differences were noted in heart rate, mean blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature between pre‐exposure, exposure, and post‐exposure periods.Conclusions  The lack of response in these African green monkeys may be attributable to their generally calm demeanor in captivity; experiments with a more excitable species such as the rhesus macaque might demonstrate a significant relaxation response to music.
Factors contributing to spontaneous Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in simian immunodeficiency virus‐infected macaques
Authors: Singh Inderpal , Li Wenjun , Woods Margo , Carville Angela , Tzipori Saul 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  A cohort of SIV‐infected macaques had been used to investigate the effect of dietary supplement, immune status, SIV/AIDS disease progression and serum micronutrients levels on spontaneous acquisition of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in SIV‐infected macaques.Methods  Twenty‐four SIV‐infected macaques were randomized into 2 groups. One group received a vitamin/mineral supplementation and a second group received a placebo. Both groups were examined for E. bieneusi infection.Results  SIV‐infected macaques were more prone to acquire E. bieneusi with the progression of SIV/AIDS, and the increased shedding of infectious spores was directly associated with decreased CD4 lymphocyte and increased circulating SIV, in both supplemented and unsupplemented groups of animals. Dietary supplementation, body composition factors and serum micronutrients levels however had no association with the acquisition of E. bieneusi infection in these animals.Conclusions  Acquisition of E. bieneusi infection is related to SIV disease progression, CD4 counts and viral load but independent of changes in body composition and serum micronutrient levels.
Molecular cloning and gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins in Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata
Authors: Higashino A. , Fukuhara R. , Tezuka T. , Kageyama T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Immunoglobulin heavy‐chain binding protein (BiP), calreticulin (Crt), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), are major resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins which are involved in diverse roles relating to successful folding, assembly, intracellular localization, and degradation of other proteins.Methods  In this study, we molecular cloned cDNAs for BiP, Crt, and PDI from Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata), and analyzed tissue‐specific expression of respective genes.Results and Conclusions  The lengths of protein‐coding regions of these cDNAs for BiP, Crt and PDI are 1965, 1254, and 1533 bp, respectively. Each protein has a signal peptide and a KDEL motif in N‐ and C‐terminal parts respectively, showing its intracellular localization to be the lumen of the ER. These stress proteins are highly conserved, showing that their similarities among mammals are more than 90% in the level of amino acid. The expression of the genes for stress proteins differed among the monkey tissues examined. BiP and PDI gene expression was predominant in secretory tissues such as liver and kidney, and brain tissues. But Crt gene expressed rather ubiquitously in a variety of tissues.
Quantitation of sleep and spinal curvature in an unusually longevous owl monkey (Aotus azarae)
Authors: Suzuki Juri , Sri Kantha Sachi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  A table summarizing the primary literature on 19 species of longevous non‐human primates, other than owl monkey, is presented.Methods  We prospectively quantitated the sleep of a longevous female owl monkey (Aotus azarae), aged >30 years, longitudinally for 2 years and also evaluated the senility‐induced change in spinal curvature.Results  The mean daily total sleep time (TST) of this monkey ranged between 790 and 1106 minutes, and was markedly higher in comparison with its female progeny (aged 16 years and used as a control) whose daily TST during the same experimental period ranged between 612 and 822 minutes.Conclusions  The calculated kyphotic index (KI) of 2.27 for this monkey, compared with the KIs 4.83 and 5.42, for its progeny and female grandprogeny (aged 1 year) respectively, confirmed the prominent spinal curvature.
Chemically modified tetracyclines stimulate matrix metalloproteinase‐2 production by periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Bildt M. M. , Snoek‐Van Beurden A. M. P. , DeGroot J. , Van El B. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman A. M. , Von den Hoff J. W. 
Published: July 2006

Background and Objective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) on the production of gelatinases [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9] by human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and on the activity of recombinant gelatinases.Material and Methods:  Human PDL cells were cultured with CMT‐1, ‐3, ‐5, ‐7 or ‐8 in concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 µm. Gelatin zymography was used to determine MMP‐2 and ‐9 production of the cells. The amount of DNA present in the cultures was analyzed using a fluorescent assay. The cytotoxicity of the CMTs was also determined. Recombinant human MMP‐2 and ‐9 were incubated with the CMTs (0–500 µm) and their activity was analyzed using an internally quenched fluorogenic substrate.Results:  MMP‐2 production was stimulated up to sevenfold by CMT‐1, ‐3, ‐7 and ‐8 at low concentrations (10–200 µm). No significant amounts of MMP‐9 were produced. In contrast, MMP‐2 and ‐9 activity was reduced by ≈ 10–40‐fold at higher concentrations (200–500 µm). CMT‐5 had no effect on the production or on the activity of MMP‐2 and ‐9. Only CMT‐3 and ‐8 had cytotoxic effects on the PDL cells at the highest concentrations.Conclusion:  Surprisingly, CMTs are able to stimulate MMP‐2 production at relatively low concentrations. However, at higher concentrations they exert a much stronger inhibitory effect on gelatinase activity. A possible stimulatory effect of CMTs on MMP production should be considered in their clinical use.
Time course of tanning induced by narrow‐band UVB phototherapy in Korean psoriasis patients
Authors: Jo Seong Jin , Yoon Hyun Sun , Woo Seung Man , Youn Jai Il 
Published: July 2006

Background: Narrow‐band (TL‐01) UVB lamps are being increasingly used for phototherapy in cases of psoriasis and other dermatoses due to the excellent results obtained. However, in Korea many patients receiving phototherapy have complained about the tanning effect of ultraviolet radiation.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the time‐course of pigmentation induced by phototherapy during and after narrow‐band UVB treatment.Methods: Changes in skin color were recorded during phototherapy in 40 patients and after treatment in 20 patients. All patients were Korean and were evaluated during 10 weeks of phototherapy (three sessions per week), and then weekly post‐phototherapy using two different reflectance spectrophotometers for 10 weeks. Results are presented as erythema (E)‐ and melanin (M)‐indexes and as L*a*b* values as recommended by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairge and individual typology angle (ITA).Results: L
* values, which indicate luminance, decreased continuously over the 5 weeks of phototherapy and showed a plateau after 5 weeks of treatment, and then slowly recovered over 10 weeks of post‐treatment observation. Patterns of a* and b* values were comparable with L* values both during and after therapy. Mean ITA values also showed a pattern similar to L* values. E and M indexes changed slowly both during and post‐phototherapy. In addition, when data were analyzed by skin type, the different skin types showed temporal patterns similar to the overall skin values, but the L* values and ITA and M indexes of skin type III recovered faster than those of skin types IV or V.Conclusion: This study shows that pigmentation induced by narrow‐band UVB phototherapy increases continuously during the therapy and that recovery requires 10 weeks or more.
Water Channels Are Involved in Stomatal Oscillations Encoded by Parameter‐Specific Cytosolic Calcium Oscillations
Authors: Yang Hui‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Wang Gen‐Xuan , Zhang Jian‐Hua 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEarlier studies have shown that various stimuli can induce specific cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) oscillations in guard cells and various oscillations in stomatal apertures. Exactly how [Ca2+]cyt oscillation signaling functions in stomatal oscillation is not known. In the present study, the epidermis of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) was used and a rapid ion‐exchange treatment with two shifting buffers differing in K+ and Ca2+ concentrations was applied. The treatment for five transients at a 10‐min transient period induced clear and regular stomatal oscillation. However, for other transient numbers and periods, the treatments induced some irregular oscillations or even no obvious oscillations in stomatal aperture. The results indicate that stomatal oscillation is encoded by parameter‐specific [Ca2+]cyt oscillation: the parameters of [Ca2+]cyt oscillation affected the occurrence rate and the parameters of stomatal oscillation. The water channel inhibitor HgCl2 completely inhibited stomatal oscillation and the inhibitory effect could be partially reversed by β‐mercaptoethanol (an agent capable of reversing water channel inhibition by HgCl2). Other inhibitory treatments against ion transport (i.e. the application of LaCl3, EGTA, or tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACI)) weakly impaired stomatal oscillation when the compounds were added after rapid ion‐exchange treatment. If these compounds were added before rapid‐ion exchange treatment, the inhibitory effect was much more apparent (except in the case of TEACI). The results of the present study suggest that water channels are involved in stomatal oscillation as a downstream element of [Ca2+]cyt oscillation signaling.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Isolation and Characterization of GmSTY1, a Novel Gene Encoding a Dual‐Specificity Protein Kinase in Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Xu Zhao‐Shi , Ma You‐Zhi , Cheng Xian‐Guo , Cao Li‐Xia , Li Lian‐Cheng , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPhosphorylation of protein kinases has profound effects on their activity and interaction with other proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation was reported to be involved in various physiological processes in plants; however, no typical receptor tyrosine kinase has been isolated from plants thus far. Dual‐specificity kinases are potentially responsible for the phosphorylation of both tyrosine and serine/threonine of target proteins. A cDNA clone encoding a putative dual‐specificity protein kinase was isolated by screening the cDNA GAL4 activation domain (AD) fusion library of soybean (Glycine max L.), and its entire length was obtained using 5′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The predicted polypeptide of 330 amino acid residues, designated as GmSTY1, contains all 11 conserved subdomains, which share common characteristics with both the serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases reported thus far. In addition, three potential AM inked glycosylation sites (NXS/T), as well as phosphorylation motifs (SXXXS/T), were observed, suggesting that GmSTY1 may be post‐translationally modified. Furthermore, a potential N‐myristoylation motif (MGARCSK) was found, suggesting that the GmSTY1 protein could associate with membranes in vivo. Southern blotting analysis revealed a single‐copy of GmSTY1 in the genome. Northern blotting analysis showed that this gene was upregulated by drought and salt treatment in a time‐dependent manner; however, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) could not significantly affect the mRNA accumulation of GmSTY1. Interestingly, the transcript of this gene was remarkably downregulated by cold treatment during the early stages of the response, but upregulated later. These results indicate that the protein kinase was possibly regulated by abiotic stresses in an ABA‐independent pathway.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Application of Non‐invasive Microsensing System to Simultaneously Measure Both H+ and O2 Fluxes Around the Pollen Tube
Authors: Xu Yue , Sun Tong , Yin Li‐Ping 
Published: July 2006

AbstractVarious ionic and molecular activities in the extracellular environment are vital to plant cell physiological processes. A noninvasive microsensing system (NMS) based on either the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET) or the scanning polarographic electrode technique (SPET) is able to obtain information regarding the transportation of various ions/molecules in intact samples under normal physiological conditions. The two‐probe simultaneous test system (2STS) is an integrated system composed of SIET, SPET, and a Xu‐Kunkel sampling protocol. In the present study, 2STS was able to simultaneously measure fluxes of H+ and O2 of the lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace) pollen tube while avoiding interference between the two probes. The results indicate that the proton fluxes were effluxes, whereas the oxygen fluxes were influxes, and they were closely correlated to each other surrounding the constitutive alkaline band region. Specifically, when the proton effluxes increased, the oxygen influxes also increased. Therefore, the hypothesis of condensed active mitochondria existing in the alkalized area of the pollen tube proposed by Hepler's group is supported.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Pollen Morphology of Tundra Shrubs and Submarginal Plants from Barrow, Alaska
Authors: Tang Ling‐Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Ping , Shao Jian‐Wen , Zhou Zhong‐Ze , Zhang Qing‐Song 
Published: July 2006

AbstractInvestigation of plant morphological features, pollen, and habitat have been made for two shrub species from Barrow, Alaska, namely Dryas integrifolia M. Vahl and Salix rotundifolia Trautv., both of which are endemic to the Arctic floristic area. The former species has small lanceolate or plate leaves, whereas the latter has rounded leaves with distinct veins, rich in vitamin C. Both have dwarf and sprawling habits. Pollen studies showed that the pollen grains of the two species are spheroidal to sub‐spheroidal or prolate. The type of aperture was tricolporate; pollen size 26.3–31.3 μm; ornamentation finely reticulate under a light microscope (LM) and striate‐reticulate under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for D. integrafolia and finely reticulate under the LM and SEM for S. rotundifolia. Comparisons were made between the pollen from the same species from Arctic collections with those from China and Japan. Investigation of pollen morphology of tundra plants can provide significant data for comparative studies of fossil pollen and for the reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the Barrow area.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin Han)