bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Ability of Enuretic Children to Hold Urine
Authors: HALLMAN NIILO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe functional bladder capacity has been tested in 63 enuretics (45 boys and 18 girls) by endeavouring to get the children to hold their urine as long as possible. Among the eases there were no organic diseases, infections of the urinary passages, cases of debility or patients suffering from endocrine diseases. Compared with the control material (81 boys and 48 girls) the capacity of the bladder was generally lower in the enuretics, apart from a few exceptions.RésuméLa capacité fonctionnelle de la vessie a été examinée chez 63 enfants atteints d'énurésie (45 garçons et 18 fillettes) en s'efforçant d'obtenir des enfants qu'ils retiennent leur urine aussi longtemps que possible. Parmi les cas il n'y avait pas de maladies organiques, d'infections des voies urinaires, d'enfants faibles, ou souffrant de maladies endocriniennes. Comparée au matériel de contrôle (81 garçons et 48 fillettes) la capacité de la vessie était généralement plus faible chez ceux atteints d'énurésie, à part quelques rares exceptions.ZusammenfassungDie funktionelle Kapazität der Blase wurde bei 63 Bettnässern (45 Knaben und 18 Mädchen) untersucht. Die Kinder sollten den Urin so lange wie möglich einhalten. Unter diesen Fällen wurden organische Krankheiten, Infektionen der Urinwege, Débile‐ oder Fatienten mit endokrinen Erkrankungen ausgeschlossen. Im Vergleich mit dem Kontrollmaterial (81 Knaben und 48 Mädchen) war die Kapazität der Blase, abgesehen von wenigen Ausnahmen, bei den Bettnässern geringer.ResumenLa capacidad funcional de la vejiga ha sido examinada en 63 enuréticos (45 muchachos y 18 muchachas) ensayando hacer retener a los niños su orina el mayor tiempo posible. Entre los casos no Había defectos orgánicos, infecciones de las vías urinarias ni débiles o pacientes sufriendo enfermedades endocrinas. Comparado el material de examen (81 muchachos y 48 muchachas) el resultado ha probado que la capacidad de la vejiga era generalmente más baja en los enuréticos, aparté de algunas raras excepciones.
A Case of Progeronanism (Progeria of Gilford)
Authors: MANSCHOT W. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe author gives further clinical description and a report of anatomic investigation of a case of progeronanism, already described by Schippers in 1916. The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland proved to be deficient in eosinophilic cells. This deficiency was demonstrated objectively by the method indicated by Rasmussen. Progeronanism should be regarded as a particular form of pituitary dwarfism combined with inadequate development of tissue derived from the mesenchyme.
Hypoplasia of the Mandible as a Cause of Respiratory Difficulties in the Infant
Authors: SJÖLIN STIG 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHypoplasia of the mandible in association with glossoptosis and often with palatoschisis is a not altogether unusual disease, often serious and probably not seldom overlooked. Of the 2 cases described here, the first one in particular is interesting. It shows the effect, in this case no doubt life‐saving, of a simple and logical therapy: the prone position and “orthostatic feeding”.
On Thrombosis in Children
Authors: MIETTINEN MAIJA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA short description is given of various venous and arterial thromboses occuring in children. The frequency of sinus thromboses and occlusion of the abdominal aorta, their aetiology and the clinical pictures are discussed and the literature on these conditions is surveyed. A report follows on a case of sinus thrombosis of the primary type in a 1 year and 10 months old infant and also on a case of total thrombosis of the abdominal aorta in a newborn infant, the aetiology of which was suspected to be umbilical sepsis, though this could not be proved.RésuméOn fait une brève description de différents thrombus veineux et artériels qui se sont produits chez des enfants. La fréquence de thrombus de sinus et d'occlusion de l'aorte abdominale, leur étiologie et leurs images cliniques sont discutées et on fait une étude des ouvrages publiés sur ces états. On fait ensuite un rapport d'un cas de thrombus de sinus de type primaire chez un enfant d'un an et 10 mois et aussi d'un cas de thrombus total de l'aorte abdominale chez un enfant nouveau‐né; dans ce dernier cas, on a supposé que la cause était une sepsis ombilicale, ce qui, cependant, n'a pas pu être prouvé.ZusammenfassungVerfasser beschreibt kurz verschiedene venöse und arterielle Thrombosen bei Kindern und diskutiert näher die Frequenz, die Äthiologie und das klinisehe Bild der Sinusthrombose und der Occlusion der Aorta abdominalis. Ein Pall von primärer Sinusthrombose bei einem 1 Jahr 10 Monate alten Kind sowie ein Fall von totaler Thrombose der Aorta abdominalis bei einem Neugeborenen (umbilicale Sepsis?) werden beschrieben.ResumenSe da un a breve descripción de diferentes trombosis venosas y arteriales producidas en niños. Se discute la frecuencia de trombosis de seno y de oclusión de la aorta abdominal, su etiología y sus imágenes clínicas, y se hace un estudio de las obras publicadas sobre taies estados. Después se hace una relación de un caso de trombosis de seno de tipo primario en un niño de un año y diez meses y también de un caso de trombosis total de la aorta abdominal en un niño recién nacido; en este último caso se supone que la causa fué un a sepsis umbilical, lo que, sin embargo, no ha podido probarse.
Chest Electrodes for Children
Authors: BENGTSSON ELIAS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe choice of electrodes for ECG chest leads in children is discussed, those in use for adults not being advisable. An elastic band covering the entire thorax, whereby electrodes of small diameter can be applied anywhere on the chest, is described.RésuméOn discute le choix des électrodes pour conducteurs de poitrine ECG pour enfants, ceux employés pour les adultes ne pouvant être recommandés. L'auteur décrit l'emploi d'une bande élastique couvrant tout le thorax, qui permet d'appliquer des électrodes de petit diamètre sur n'importe quelle place de la poitrine.ZusammenfassungDie Elektroden von Ekg‐Brustleitungen für Erwachsenen sind für Kinder nicht geeignet. Es wird ein elastisches Band besehrieben, das den ganzen Thorax bedeckt, sodass kleine Elektrode an beliebiger Stelle fixiert werden können.ResumenSe discute la elección de los electrodos de pecho para conductores ECG para niños, siendo irrecommendables aquellos empleados para adultos. El autor describe el empleo de una banda elástica que cubre todo el torax, lo cual permite aplicar electrodos de diámetro pequeño sobre cualquier lugar del pecho.
Exchange Transfusion as Treatment in Poisoning
Authors: Axtrup Sten 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA description is given of 1 case of chloramine poisoning and 1 case of aniline poisoning, both in children whose lives were apparently saved by treatment with exchange transfusion.Sten Axteup: Deux cas d'empoisonnement traités par exsanguino‐transfusion.On rapporte un cas d'empoisonnement par la chloramine et un cas par l'aniline, l'un et l'autre chez dos enfants ramenés apparemment à la vie par une exsanguino‐transfusion.Sten Axtrup: Vergiftungsfälle behandelt mit Austausch‐Transfusion.Es werden je 1 Fall von Chloramin‐ und Anilinvergiftung beschrieben. Das Leben beider Kinder wurde augenscheinlich gerettet durch die Behandlung mit Austausch‐Transfusion.Sten Axtrup: Dos casos de envenenamiento tratados con ex‐sanguino‐transfusión.Se demuestra un caso de envenenamiento con cloramina, y otro con anilina, ambos en niños que, al parecer, se han salvado por medio de la ex‐sanguinotransfusión.
The Indications for the Exchange Transfusion in Morbus Hemolyticus Neonatorum
Authors: AMLIE RICH. , HAGELSTEEN H. , SALOMONSEN LEIF 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOf 373 patients with morbus hemolyticus neonatorum due to Rh‐incompatibility, exchange transfusion was performed in 170 cases. In these cases the mortality was 4 per cent in the newborn period. Only 3 of 101 patients showed cerebral damage on later investigation. On account of the great therapeutic value of the exchange transfusion and because of the slight risk which this treatment involves, a more liberal attitude t o the method than has hitherto been practised is advised.
Malnutrition and Kwashiorkor
Authors: GÓMEZ FEDERICO , GALVÁN RAFAEL RAMOS , CRAVIOTO JOAQUÍN , FRENK SILVESTRE 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Taking into account that only through the etiologic and pathogenic knowledge of a disease it is possible to attempt its correct interpretation, the authors have considered necessary to do a comparative study between Malnutrition and Kwashiorkor, as seen respectively in Mexico and in Africa.2. A comparison is made of the clinical, biochemical, and histopathological pictures, analyzing the information at hand.3. No fundamental reason was found from the clinical, the biochemical, or the histopathological points of view to consider Malnutrition and Kwashiorkor as two different processes.4. We believe that there is no reason to add a new term to designate an old malady, for this would increase the confusion among physicians and research workers.5. Malnutrition, or one of its many African equivalents (Kwashiorkor), has a multiple etiology, but its pathogenesis is always the same: deficient assimilation of adequate amounts of essential nutrients by tissue cells.6. We propose that the term Malnutrition (Desnutricih in Spanish) be used in preference to all other known names, classifying the disease by degrees—first, second, and third—to differentiate the various clinical, functional, biochemical, and anatomo—pathological manifestations observed in children during the diverse stages of the disease.
Recovery from Acute Infantile Non‐lipoid Reticulo‐endotheliosis (?Letterer‐Siwe Disease)
Authors: LIGHTWOOD REGINALD , TIZARD J. P. M. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A case of non‐lipoid reticulo‐endotheliosis involving lymph glands, bones and probably liver and spleen in a 5½ month boy is describes.The boy made a complete recovery which did not seem to have been influenced by treatment. He is now nearly 7 years old and is well.3. At no time did his identical twin exhibit any symptoms of the disease.
Acrodynia: Treatment with Adrenolytic Drugs
Authors: PETERSON J. C. , LAUGHMILLER ROY 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Seven cases of acrodynia treated with 2‐Benzyl‐Imidazoline HCL (Priscoline) have been presented.2. All but one of these patients obtained prompt sustained sympomatic relief.3. One patient who relapsed following withdrawal of priscoline therapy responded to treatment with papaverine.
Marbling and Perinatal Anoxia
Authors: SYLVESTER PETER E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe clinical histories and physical findings are presented of 3 mentally deficient boys, in each of whom there was a story of perinatal asphyxia due to circulatory obstruction of the umbilical cord, One child had a pulseless prolapsed cord, one had a pulseless cord due to a firm knot, and one had a pulseless cord due to the cord being tightly round the neck.The pathological findings in the nervous system are described. All the 3 children had small brains. In 3, striking marbling of the thalami, the putamina and globi pallidi was seen. These 3 cases also had loss of nerve cells in the cortex insula and Ammon's horn. Gliosis was also present in the reticulated area of the substantia cular gliosis was increased. It was con‐ cluded from staining characteristics that damage in these areas had resulted in dense gliosis. In one child, damage to the thalamus and basal ganglia was present but to a less striking extent and multiple foci of gliosis were seen in the grey matter of the frontal and parietal cortex.This work is a shortened form of an essay which was written for, and awarded a prize in, the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board's 1958 Competition for Research Reports.I a m indebted t o Dr. L. Crome and Dr. B. H. Kirman, and other colleagues at the Fountain Hospital, for the help they gave me.
Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis (Hamman–Rich Syndrome) in Infancy: Report of a Case with Histologic and Respiratory Studies
Authors: IVEMARK BIÖRN I. , WALLGREN C. GÖRAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case of a 7‐month‐old girl with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is reported. Signs of progressive respiratory distress with cough and cyanosis started at 1 month of age. Respiratory studies revealed a markedly decreased lung‐compliance, normal or slightly elevated residual lung volume and hyperventilation. There was marked arterial desaturation and this finding together with the respiratory dysfunction is considered typical of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and is well explained by the biopsy picture of marked collagenous thickening of the alveolo‐capillary septa.
Generalized Arterial Calcification Associated with Hydramnios in Two Stillborn Infants
Authors: IVEMARK BIÖRN I. , LAGERGREN CURT , LJUNGQVIST ARNE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHistologic, microradiographic and X‐ray crystallographic findings are recorded in two stillborn infants with idiopathic generalized arterial calcification, in one of which there was also nephrocalcinosis. The mineral salt deposits consisted solely of hydroxyapatite and was regarded as metastatic. In both cases there was hydramnios. Since 5 out of 7 known cases of neonatal idiopathic arterial calcification had hydramnios the possibility of a causal connection cannot be ruled out.
Remarks on the Morphology of Reticulo‐Histiocytic Cells
Authors: NORDENSON N. G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a biological sense the “reticuloendothelial” or reticulo‐histiocytic system seems to be fully accepted. The system has definite functional properties.From a clinic morphological point of view the reticular nature of the cells has been denied since osmium and silver positive fibrils are lacking. However, this staining in cytologic work is technically not fully established and further investigations must be performed. On the contrary, many pathologists have under certain circumstances demonstrated osmium and silver positive fibrils in cells belonging to the “reticulo‐endothelial” system. The staining property is important but must be fully elucidated. At present, therefore, there is no sense either in criticizing the concept of a reticular cell or in changing the nomenclature. However, the term reticulitis ought to be avoided. Reticulopathy is attributed to a general engagement of the system, should this be of a symptomatic or of a primary type. Reticulosis is the malign affection of the system.Cytologically the reticulo‐histiocytic system shows morphologically well defined cells with special properties and with specific reactions against irritation. If the genetic relation to hematopoiesis and to connective tissue can be demonstrated with the fibril stain, the specific reaction of the system might be better understood in greater tissue coherence.
Coxsackie B5 Infection Causing Serous Meningitis with Exanthema and Benign Pericarditis with Myocarditis in Two Siblings
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of Coxsackie B infection, type 5, in two sisters, 5 and 14 years of age, is reported. The younger displayed serous meningitis and–an unusual finding–a maculous exanthema, which has previously been observed only in certain Coxsackie A infections. The elder sister had myalgic symptoms and pericarditis followed by myocarditis. Virological and serological tests proved the presence of the infection. Earlier observations, like the present case, suggest that infection particularly with Coxsackie B, chiefly type 5, is liable to be accompanied by pericarditis.
Diabetes Mellitus in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: THORÉN CLAES 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a clinical study of Friedreich's ataxia diabetes mellitus was found in nine of 50 typical cases. The mean age of the diabetes onset was 21.9 years and the clinical type was a severe ketosis‐prone diabetes. In 18 non‐diabetics an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed. One of these cases was disclosed to be a prediabetes. The mean rate of glucose disappearance was normal. Serum lipid analysis showed a slight elevation in non‐diabetics and a higher in diabetics. The frequency of diabetes mellitus, including the prediabetic case, was 20%. Owing to the low age of the cases and as the glucose tolerance test was performed only in about half of the non‐diabetics, this figure was estimated to be lower than the total frequency in Friedreich's ataxia. A brief survey of the literature is given, and the aetiology of diabetes mellitus in Friedreich's ataxia is discussed. The marked frequency of a known heredity to diabetes in the diabetic cases lends support to the hypthesis of a genetic aetiology. The possibility of an interplay between the defective genes of the two diseases is assumed. The pronouncedly vegetative syndrome occurring in Friedreich's ataxia suggests the possibility of a central nervous factor, though this can hardly be a primary cause of the diabetes.
38. Infantile Lobar Emphysema
Authors: SÖDERLUND S. , ROBERTSON B. , BORLENGHI R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFourteen cases of infantile lobar emphysema are reported on. Operation was performed in all cases. No death occurred. The late prognosis was good. On follow‐up examination 1–10 years after operation there was no evidence of emphysema devloping in other lobes. The aetiology, diagnosis and indications for operation are discussed.
Glycogenosis Type 6 (Liver Phosphorylase Deficiency) A Case Followed for Ten Years, with Normal Phosphorylase Activity in White Blood Cells and Jejunal Mucosa
Authors: ÖCKERMAN P. A. , JELKE H. , KAIJSER K. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn account is given of a case of glycogen storage disease followed for more than 10 years, and shown to be of type 6 (deficiency in the activity of liver phosphorylase). The following observations are made:1. In 1953, a t age 5, the patient exhibited massive hepatic enlargement, without coincident enlargement of the spleen. Hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipaemia were present, but no tendency to hypoglycaemia. Histological examination of a liver biopsy specimen showed marked pathological changes, typical in every respect of glycogen storage disease.2. Ten years later, a t age 15, all clinical symptoms had disappeared, and the liver was only slightly enlarged. The values for plasma cholesterol and total lipids were no longer increased, but free fatty acids tended to be high. Histological examination of a liver biopsy specimen showed nothing abnormal. On repeated biochemical and enzymic analyses of two separate liver biopsy specimens, the earlier diagnosis could, however, be verified. The disease could he typed, in view of a marked decrease in the activity of liver phosphorylase, together with a high, but not definitely pathological level of liver glycogen.3. Administration of adrenalin elicited a definite response in blood glucose and plasma glycerol, as well as in free fatty acids.4. An increased level of glycogen was recorded in red blood cells, as earlier reported in this type of glycogenosis.5. In white blood cells and in jejunal mucosa, normal activity of phosphorylase was recorded. It is concluded that enzyme assays on white blood cells‐contrary to the state‐ ments of other authors‐and on jejunal mucosa are not a reliable means of diagnosing glycogenosis type 6.The remarkable adaptation to the enzyme deficiency in this patient is stressed, although no explanation of it, based on experimental evidence, can be put forward a t present.
The Importance of Decalcification in the Treatment of Tuberculosis I. The Influence of Decalcification in the Course of Healing in Experimental Tuberculosis in Guinea pigs1
Authors: GIZA TADEUSZ , HANICKA MAGDALENA , JELONEK ADAM , KULIG ANDRZEJ , REMBIESOWA HALINA , GARAPICH MAREK 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe authors have the opinion that hypercalcification of the morbid pulmonary tissue in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis impedes the requisite penetration by the therapeutic agents employed. Experiments were made on guinea pigs, one group receiving antibiotics together with chemical compounds of the EDTA type having a decalcifying effect, while a second group received calcifying agents as well as therapeutic drugs. For control, a third group was treated solely with streptomycin and isoniazid. Chemical, anatomicopathological and histopathological tests provided criteria for evaluation. The best therapeutic results were obtained in the group of decalcified animals.
Measles Vaccination V. The Booster Effect of Purified Hemagglutinin in Children Previously Immunized with this Product or Formalin‐Killed Vaccine
Authors: NORRB E. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , GARD S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo groups of children immunized at the age of 6 months to two years with three monthly doses of either formalin‐killed (FK) or Tween‐ether (TE) measles vaccine were submitted to clinical and serological follow‐up analysis up till 17 months after vaccination and then given a booster of TE vaccine of moderate potency.Among 8 cases of clearcut exposure to measles before the booster 6 responded with mild clinical symtoms; 3 without and 3 with a faint rash. An increase in HI serum titer was recorded in 3 out of the 6 cases. All of them had received FK vaccine.Between 11 and 17 months after vaccination no change in HI titers was demonstrable. After the booster the geometric mean HI titer increased 20 times in children primarily vaccinated with TE vaccine and 83 times in children given FK vaccine. In the pre‐booster serum samples only 75 antibodies were detectable, where‐as the post‐booster serum samples in addition to 75 antibodies contained 1 to 3% 19S antibodies.
Erythropoietin in Children I. Findings in Various Types of Anemia
Authors: OKCUOGLU AYHAN , JONES BARBARA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryErythropoietin assays were carried out on the plasma of 39 children with various blood dyscrasias. Increased erythropoietin activity was found primarily in those patients with depressed bone marrow function and severe anemia. No direct relationship could be found between the severity of the anemia and the erythropoietin level. No erythropoietin was found in the plasma of patients with hemolytic anemia or renal disease with the exception of one patient with bilateral Wilm's tumor.
Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Female Heterozygoses and the X‐Inactivation Hypothesis
Authors: KATTAMIS CHRISTOS A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe levels of G‐6‐PD activity in 75 female heterozygotes detected by pedigree analysis are reported, together with biochemical and genetic data of a pedigree in which a wide variation in G‐6‐PD activity was revealed in heterozygotes. The results strongly favour the hypothesis that one X‐chromosome is inactivated during early embryonic development in the human female, at least as far as the locus of G‐6‐PD is concerned.
Hypoglycaemia in Infantile Malnutrition
Authors: KERPEL‐FRONIUS E. , KAISER É. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe incidence, the clinical significance and the factors predisposing to hypoglycaemia were studied in 84 malnourished infants. Predisposing factors were young age, intestinal infections, extreme wasting of the body, the deficit in weight exceeding 25 % as compared to normal infants of the same length, and even brief periods of fasting. Older oedematous infants, if not extremely marasmic, were not hypoglyc‐aemic. Malabsorption of carbohydrate does not play a leading role in eliciting hypoglycaemia, since severe hypoglycae‐mia was also observed in cases in whom the ability to split disaccharides was preserved.The prominent clinical symptoms at blood sugar levels between 25 and 0 mg/ 100 ml were pallor and apnoeic spells, while convulsions were exceptional. There was a prompt response to intravenous glucose, and recurring attacks were generally prevented by frequent feeding and by the administration of corticoids. Some cases exhibiting very low blood sugar levels remained asymptomatic. Fasting blood sugar levels were found to be of great prognostic significance.