bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The technique and possible application of supra-orbital artery blood-pressure estimation
Authors: Wyatt A P , Ratnavel K , Loxton G E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An indirect method of measuring systolic blood-pressure in the supra-orbital arteries by an ultrasonic technique is described. The results are repeatable and the expected differences are shown with changes of posture. Calculation of pressure indices has shown significant variation between normal, hypertensive, and arteriosclerotic subjects. The method should-be of value in assessing the significance of occlusive lesions of the carotid vessels.
The surgical management of thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Pegg C A S , Stewart D J , Bewsher P D , Michie W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Preparation of selected thyrotoxic patients for partial thyroidectomy can be safely and quickly achieved using propranolol, the duration of preoperative therapy and the number of out-patient attendances being reduced by over 50 per cent. No problems have been encountered during preparation or intra-operatively in patients pretreated with propranolol when compared with patients pretreated with conventional preparations. The commonest form of morbidity following destructive therapy for thyrotoxicosis is hypothyroidism. In surgically treated patients hypothyroidism can be defined within 1 year of operation. The factors influencing postoperative hypothyroidism are discussed.
Lymphoid tissue in the thyroid gland and thymus of patients with primary thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Swanson Beck J , Young R J , Simpson J G , Gray Elizabeth S , Nicol A G , Pegg C A S , Michie W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The amount of lymphoid tissue in the thyroid gland and thymus at the time of partial thyroidectomy was measured quantitatively with the point-counting technique.
The normal pattern of age involution of the thymus was established in patients with non-toxic nodular goitre. In all the patients with thyrotoxicosis the thymus is hyperplastic; after pretreatment with antithyroid drugs, such as carbimazole, the pattern of age involution is similar to that in the control subjects, whereas after propranolol therapy very little age involution is seen. Patients treated with antithyroid drugs show much less lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid gland than those prepared with propranolol.
Observations on the treatment of traumatic urethral injuries and the value of the fenestrated urethral catheter
Authors: Turner-Warwick Richard 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review of 250 traumatic urethral strictures in our series has provided the basis for a consideration of their management. Techniques that we have adopted or adapted for their resolution are outlined and the principles involved in reducing the effects of the initial injury are discussed. The value of the fenestrated shaft catheter in providing free drainage of periurethral exudates after urethral injury and repair is stressed.
The continent ileostomy
Authors: Cameron A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 1969 Professor Nils Kock of Göteborg published a description of a new kind of continent ileostomy. A pouch is formed of the terminal ileum. The pouch although small at first enlarges with time until its capacity is adequate to contain about one-third of the day's ileal output. The pouch is emptied several times a day by passing a catheter along a short efferent loop of ileum which is brought to the surface as an ileostomy stoma. The pouch is made in such a way that it does not develop expulsive contractions when it fills. It is therefore continent. By constructing a valve mechanism on the efferent loop continence is maintained under the stress of increased abdominal pressure as in coughing, laughing, etc. Since the pouch is continent the patient need wear no apparatus and the ileal stoma may be made flush with the skin.
This paper describes the author's experience with 6 patients in whom this type of ileostomy has been constructed. The results confirm the claim by Professor Kock that the technique is of value in selected patients.
Extensive cervical laminectomy long-term results
Authors: Jenkins D H R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has been possible to follow up 5 patients who underwent complete cervical laminectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy between 12 and 17 years ago. The operation was described by Rogers in 1961. Clinical examination findings, together with the radiological appearances, indicate that this procedure does not predispose to instability of the cervical spine. This relatively simple procedure achieved long-lasting improvement in the patients examined.
Basal osteotomy of the first metacarpal in the treatment of arthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Authors: Wilson J N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This is a preliminary report of 8 cases of osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb treated by a basal abduction osteotomy of the first metacarpal.
Follow-up from 6 months to 9 years has shown a relief of pain and an increased function of the hand.
Although the osteotomy has been designed to correct the adduction deformity of the first metacarpal, in 2 cases this correction was not achieved and it is possible that a transverse osteotomy might be just as effective.
Subcapital fractures of the neck of the femur treated by double-divergent fixation
Authors: McQuillan W M , Abernethy P J , Guy J G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method of fixation of femoral neck fractures which involves double-divergent fixation using two Watson-Jones nails is described. The method has been compared against nail and autogenous fibular graft fixation and gave results which were better. The method has also been compared against single-nail fixation and has given much better results. There seems to be little place for single-nail fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures.
A clinical series of 90 cases of displaced fractures treated by double-divergent fixation is presented. Failure of fixation occurred in 12 cases (13.3 per cent).
The technique of double-divergent fixation prevents femoral neck collapse or resorption.
Lumbar sympathectomy a retrospective study of 142 operations on 100 patients
Authors: Postlethwaite J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective survey of 142 lumbar sympathectomies has shown that this operation is of value in the treatment of rest pain and ischaemic ulceration, especially in the 61–70 age-group. It is of less value in claudication. Diabetics fare only slightly less well than non-diabetics. Two cases of ureteric injury are described. Neuralgia occurred in 12·6 per cent of patients.
A review of 174 patients with arterial embolism
Authors: MacGowan W A L , Mooneeram R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience of 174 patients suffering from arterial embolism is recorded. One hundred and fifty cases occurred in the lower limb and 24 in the upper limb. Embolectomy was performed in 119 patients. The overall limb salvage rate was 62 per cent and the hospital mortality was 27 per cent. Amputation was performed in 13 per cent of the patients in this series. Operative techniques and management are discussed. Delay in diagnosis and effective surgical treatment appears to be a major factor influencing the end-result.
Early and delayed operation in acute gall-stone disease
Authors: Sokhi G S , Longland C J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a review of 157 patients admitted to hospital as emergencies with acute gall-stone disease it was found that 52 cases (33.1 per cent) had undergone definitive operation for gall-stones during the emergency admission in spite of an overall conservative policy in relation to operation. The results of these early operations are compared with those of operations delayed to a second admission in other patients of this series. There was no significant difference in mortality or morbidity, but there was a saving on average of 5 days in hospital for those patients who were operated on at the first admission.
Drill biopsy of the breast–a critical analysis
Authors: McCormick J St C , Shivas A A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a study of drill biopsy carried out in 106 patients with breast lesions, comparing the accuracy of diagnosis with that of clinical examination and excision biopsy, reliability declined as stromal reaction in the tumour increased. Accordingly, a negative result is meaningless. Tumour size did not appear to be an important factor. The significance of these results is briefly discussed.
Pyloric stenosis: Hold-up of enteric coated aspirin tablets
Authors: Harris F C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The case is presented of a 68-year-old woman with adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who ingested 66 enteric coated 650-mg. aspirin tablets over the course of 11 days immediately prior to her admission to hospital. Most of these tablets remained intact in the hugely dilated obstructed stomach and were recovered at emergency gastrotomy. The mechanism of disintegration of enteric coated tablets and the possible consequences of en masse disintegration of these ingested tablets are discussed.
Glucose utilization and insulin secretion during surgery in man
Authors: Wright Peter D , Henderson Kathleen , Johnston Ivan D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 18 patients before, during and after surgery. Glucose utilization was found to be significantly depressed during and after operation to a degree which increased with the severity of operation. Suppression of insulin secretion was observed during operation together with increased plasma cortisol levels and an increased urinary catecholamine excretion. It is suggested that a failure of cellular glucose utilization is the primary event in the metabolic response to injury which initiates cellular catabolism and urinary nitrogen loss.
A review of symptoms, haematology and clinical chemistry following a partial gastrectomy
Authors: Brookes V S , Meynell M J , Bold A M , Kingston R D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review of patients following a partial gastrectomy for benign peptic ulceration reveals very satisfactory symptomatic results. Minimal haematological and biochemical disturbances have been produced and all the patients with gastric ulcers were cured. The gastric resection has been limited to two-thirds in all the cases.
One hundred and ninety patients were included in the review, and of these, 99 underwent detailed haematological and biochemical investigation.
Ninety per cent of the patients were graded as Visick I or II. There was a low incidence of severe vomiting (1.5 per cent), diarrhoea (1.5 per cent) and dumping (1.9 per cent)
Anaemia was manifest only in males (18 per cent). Iron deficiency was present in both sexes and increased in severity with time. The deficiency has been readily corrected with oral iron. There was no macrocytic anaemia, 10 per cent of patients having subnormal serum vitamin B12 levels. There was no folate deficiency.
No biochemical abnormality was noted.
Eight patients treated for duodenal ulcers developed recurrent ulcers but 6 of these followed Billroth I gastrectomy. Recurrence following a Poly a gastrectomy was 2 per cent. No gastric ulcer recurred.
These findings justify treatment of both duodenal and gastric ulcers by partial gastrectomy.
A modification of the Billroth I operation was used to overcome technical problems. Operation details are given and it is suggested that this operation is ideal for gastric ulcer.
Preoperative pulmonary evaluation of surgical patients using the vitalograph
Authors: Appleberg M , Gordon L , Fatti L P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prospective study of 100 patients was undertaken in order to assess whether or not, in apparently normal clinical subjects undergoing surgery, postoperative pulmonary complications could be predicted by the use of simple preoperative pulmonary function tests obtained by the use of the vitalograph.
We have found, using a multiple statistical regression technique, that the addition of the vitalograph significantly increases the ability to predict postoperative pulmonary complications.
Laminectomy in paraplegia due to infective spondylosis
Authors: Kemp H B S , Jackson J W , Shaw N C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
About 6 per cent of the patients with infectious diseases of the spine admitted to the Spinal Unit of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital have been previously submitted to laminectomy. The purpose of this paper is to re-emphasize the futility of this operation for paraplegia due to spinal infection. Exceptions to this principle are described and methods of management are also considered.
Thyroid cancer in young patients in Great Britain
Authors: Richardson J E , Beaugié J M , Brown C L , Doniach I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Recent collective experience with thyroid cancer in children in Britain is reported. Fifteen out of 16 patients with papillary carcinoma treated in the years 1962–7 are still living at least 5–10 years later; the sixteenth patient died of an unrelated cause. Two patients with follicular carcinoma also survived. Seven deaths between 1957 and 1970 were due to anaplastic or medullary carcinomas and 1 death was caused by a papillary carcinoma.
These data emphasize that in the treatment of papillary carcinoma we should take account of its prolonged natural history. Radical operations which have serious associated morbidity do not appear to be indicated.
Symptomatic non-parasitic cysts of the liver
Authors: Jones William Lloyd , Mountain John C , Warren Kenneth W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighteen patients with symptomatic non-parasitic cysts of the liver were seen and treated at the Lahey Clinic Foundation between 1950 and 1970.
A review of the world literature indicates that the incidence of non-parasitic cystic disease of the liver is undoubtedly higher than is indicated by the number of clinically diagnosed cases.
No specific symptom complex was observed. When symptoms do eventually occur they are almost always, in the absence of complications, the result of the space-occupying effect of the cyst either on the liver itself or on adjacent viscera. When biochemical studies of liver function are abnormal it is the result of coincidental or associated liver disease and not of the cyst itself.
Although cystic disease of the liver is rarely diagnosed clinically, the possibility should be seriously considered in any patient with an enlarged liver that is associated with few symptoms and little or no impairment of hepatic function.
Although radio-isotope scanning and coeliac axis arteriography are being used with increasing frequency and may be of value in the evaluation of this entity, the diagnosis at the present time depends on exploratory laparotomy.
The safety of surgery in this series, together with the excellent long-term results, supports our view that symptomatic cysts of the liver should be treated surgically; whenever possible the lesion should be removed by either local excision or formal hepatic resection. In view of this, the authors feel that the management of such cases should only be undertaken by those familiar with the techniques of hepatic resection.
Accidental intra-arterial injection during sclerotherapy of varicose veins
Authors: Fegan W G , Pegum J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five cases of accidental intra-arterial injection of sodium tetradecyl sulphate during the treatment of varicose veins are presented and compared with 3 previously reported cases. Severe ischaemic damage with gangrene may occur. Immediate treatment with heparin and low molecular weight dextran may be of value in the management of this situation.
Adrenal hyperplasia in rats with Walker carcinosarcoma 256
Authors: Coombs R R H , Castro J E , Sellwood R A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of the growth of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 on the weight and morphology of the adrenal glands of Wistar rats was studied, and the effect of adrenalectomy on the growth of this tumour was investigated.
The size and combined weight of the adrenals from tumour-bearing rats were significantly greater than those of non-tumour-bearing controls both at 7 and 14 days after tumour inoculation. This adrenal enlargement resulted from widening of the adrenal cortex, particularly the zona reticularis. Histological examination of the enlarged adrenal glands showed increased vascularity and extramedullary haematopoiesis.
Adrenal enlargement in tumour-bearing rats was not influenced by hypophysectomy but the florid histological changes were no longer apparent.
Bilateral adrenalectomy significantly inhibited tumour growth, but had no signifcant effect upon body weight or pituitary size. It is suggested that growth of the Walker tumour may be a suitable model upon which to study the endocrine dependence of tumours.
Agenesis of the gallbladder and cystic duct: A report of 3 cases
Authors: Allan S , Hurrell T A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three further cases of agenesis of the gallbladder and cystic duct are described. The surgical presentation and management of the condition is outlined. The English literature is reviewed, and it is suggested that the condition may be more common than previous reports indicate.
The effect of antral denervation on gastric secretion in the dog
Authors: Nundy S , Baron J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect on gastric secretion of cutting the antral nerves was studied in dogs with a previous complete proximal gastric vagotomy, with an incomplete proximal gastric vagotomy and with otherwise intact vagi. There was no change in insulin- and pentagastrin-stimulated acid output in dogs with a previous vagotomy. The dog with otherwise intact vagi showed no change in insulin-stimulated acid output but there was a diminished acid response to low doses of pentagastrin. These results, if confirmed in man, would suggest that the antral vagal nerves have no clinically significant effect on gastric acid secretion.
Differential free fatty acid response to heparin in diabetics
Authors: Printen Kenneth J , Paulk Stephen C , Liebschutz David , Mason Edward E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Deleterious effects of elevated free fatty acids have been demonstrated in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Recent studies have shown drastic and prolonged elevations of free fatty acids following heparin injection in postoperative diabetic patients. This study demonstrated no significant difference in response of two groups of preoperative diabetics maintained on either insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents, but it has revealed that individual diabetics who respond to heparin with a massive elevation of free fatty acids can be easily identified with a simple preoperative injection of 5000 units of intravenous heparin.
The surgical treatment of reflux oesophagitis: Results of surgical repair over a 12-year period
Authors: Wilson M G , Bailey I S , Penry A B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of surgical treatment of 81 cases of reflux oesophagitis during the period 1958–70 are reported.
From 1958 to 1966 a simple repair, i.e. repair of the hiatus and reconstruction of the oesophagogastric angle, was done. From 1966 to 1970 a fundoplication was substituted. About half of the cases with simple repairs also had vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and some had cholecystectomy for associated gallstones.
Of the entire series, 92 per cent had a good clinical result and 78 per cent were good radiologically. Comparing simple repair with fundoplication, 92 per cent of the cases in both groups were good clinically, but radiologically 97 per cent of the fundoplications were good compared with 60 per cent of the simple repairs.
Two of 44 simple repairs have required further surgery for recurrent oesophagitis. There has been no recurrent oesophagitis in the fundoplication group, but dysphagia has been a problem requiring reoperation in I case and repeated bouginage in 3 others. Postprandial discomfort due to dificulty in belching occurs. Vagotomy has not had a beneficial effect, the group without vagotomy being superior both clinically and radiologically.
To conclude, simple repair by the abdominal route has given good clinical results in 92 per cent of 44 patients followed for 6–12 years. Neither fundoplication nor vagotomy has improved these results and both can add complications.
The influence of the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure on the outcome of hiatus hernia repair
Authors: Brennan T G , Trindade L M , Rozycki Z J , Giles G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty-six patients who had undergone a simple repair of a hiatus hernia were examined with regard to the postoperative symptomatology, persistence of reflux as judged by radiological means and the pressures of the lower oesophageal sphincter. One-third of these patients had persistent symptoms although these were usually mild. It has not been possible to correlate the persistence of symptoms with either the demonstration of radiological reflux or reduced lower oesophageal sphincteric pressures.
Are silicone rubber T-tubes better than latex rubber tubes in the common bile duct? A Rhesus monkey model
Authors: Nundy S , Bell G D , Cowley D J , Melrose D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective comparison of latex and silicone rubber T-tubes draining the common bile duct in the Rhesus monkey shows that both tubes excite an adequate local tissue reaction. However, latex rubber degenerated more rapidly than silicone rubber, the interval between insertion of the tube and onset of complications being significantly shorter (7.2 ± 0.9 (s.e.) weeks against 17.6 ± 6.2 weeks). It is suggested that silicone rubber T-tubes have a place in human biliary surgery, especially when long-term drainage of the biliary tract is required.
Radical total glossectomy
Authors: Kothary P M , Paymaster J C , Potdar G G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study of 26 cases of advanced carcinoma of the tongue treated by radical total glossectomy is presented. The selection of cases, the operative technique and the postoperative management are described. As seen from the follow-up of this series this procedure is able to effect a cure in some cases and give good palliation in the majority of cases of localized advanced carcinoma of the tongue. None of our patients needed postoperative laryngectomy for the complication of aspiration pneumonia.
The value of mechanical methods of preventing postoperative calf vein thrombosis
Authors: Browse N L , Jackson B T , Mayo M E , Negus D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The value of elevation of the leg and elastic stockings for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis has been studied in two groups of patients using the fibrinogen uptake test for diagnosis. Neither method appears to haw any effect on the incidence of thrombosis.
Late results of bilateral selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer: 5–9-year follow-up
Authors: De Miguel Jacinto 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
From July, 1964, to July, 1968, bilateral selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty were performed in 135 patients for duodenal ulcer, without postoperative mortality. Two unrelated deaths occurred during the period of the survey and 2 other patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 131 patients were followed up for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 9 years.
The most frequent symptoms were epigastric fullness, early dumping and mild diarrhoea. Only I case of moderate diarrhoea was observed, and none of severe diarrhoea. Food vomiting, bile vomiting and hypo-glycaemia-like attacks were uncommon. Recurrent duodenal ulcer was proved in 4.6 per cent and highly suspected in 1.5 per cent. Gastric ulcer was proved in 3.1 per cent. Approximately 91 per cent of the patients were classed as having a satisfactory result and 9 per cent were unsatisfactory.
It is concluded that bilateral selective vagotomy is clearly effective in controlling the ulcer diathesis in the long term. In addition, it seems to lessen some of the side-effects of gastric surgery. For these reasons, consideration should be given to its use in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer.