bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an Updated Algorithm to Identify Patients With Incident Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in Administrative Claims Databases
Authors: Patel Sandip Pravin , Wang Rongrong , Zhou Summera Qiheng , Sheinson Daniel , Johnson Ann , Lee Janet Shin 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE Real-world lung cancer data in administrative claims databases often lack staging information and specific diagnostic codes for lung cancer histology subtypes. This study updates and validates Turner's 2017 treatment-based algorithm using more recent claims and electronic health record (EHR) data. METHODS This study used Optum's deidentified Market Clarity Data of linked medical and pharmacy claims with EHR data. Eligible patients had an incident lung cancer diagnosis (January 2014-December 2020) and ≥one valid histology code for lung cancer 30 days before to 60 days after diagnosis. Histology and stage information from the EHR were used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). We evaluated the Turner algorithm using cohort 1 patients diagnosed between June 2014 and October 2015 (step 1) and between November 2015 and December 2020 after approval of immunotherapies (step 2). Next, we evaluated cohort 2 patients diagnosed between November 2015 and December 2020 using an updated algorithm incorporating the latest US treatment guidelines (step 3), and compared the results for cohort 2 (Turner algorithm, step 2 patients). Furthermore, an algorithm to determine early NSCLC (eNSCLC; stage I-III) versus metastatic or advanced/metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (stage IV) was evaluated among patients with available histology and stage information. RESULTS A total of 5,012 patients were included (cohort 1, step 1: n = 406; cohort 1, step 2: n = 2,573; cohort 2, step 3: n = 2,744). The updated algorithm showed improved performance relative to the previous Turner algorithm for sensitivity (0.920-0.932), specificity (0.865-0.923), PPV (0.976-0.988), and NPV (0.640-0.673). The eNSCLC algorithm showed high specificity (0.874) and relatively low sensitivity (0.539). CONCLUSION An updated treatment-based algorithm identifying patients with incident NSCLC was validated using EHR data and distinguished lung cancer subtypes in claims databases when EHR data were not available.
Frequency of psychosocial stress and its relationship to safety attitude towards nurse’s performance at tertiary care hospitals
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Badil  , Washdev  , Sabir Hussain  
Published: March 2024

Background & Objectives: Psychosocial stress has a detrimental effect on nurses’ work performance. A safe working environment is significant in providing nurses with safe and satisfactory care. The objective of study was to assess the frequency of psychosocial stress of nurses and determine the relationship between psychosocial stress of nurses and safety attitude towards nurses’ performances at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, and Dow University Hospital Karachi for six months, from December 2020 to May 2021. A total 260 participants were approached by a non-probability purposive sampling. Pearson’s correlation was used to establish the relationship between the psychosocial stress of nurses and different parameters of their safety attitude. The Chi-square test was applied for the association between demographic factors of nurses with their psychosocial stress levels. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The majority of nurses, 180 (69.2%), described poor health, while 54 (20.8%) had good health, and only 10% (26) of nurses reported their best health status. Three parameters were negatively correlated and statistically significant with psychosocial stress, namely: teamwork (r-0.13<0.002), job satisfaction (r-0.15<0.028), and perception of management (r-0.34<0.000). The result of the study indicated that gender (P-value<0.000), marital status (P-value<0.0037), and institution (P-value <0.005) were significantly associated with safety attitude score.
Conclusion: Most of the nurses had poor health, which was significantly related to teamwork, job satisfaction and perception of management, and stress recognition.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7913
How to cite this: Wahid A, Badil, Washdev, Hussian S. Frequency of psychosocial stress and its relationship to safety attitude towards nurse’s performance at tertiary care hospitals. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7913
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation of uric acid with microalbuminuria in Type-2 diabetic patients with normal creatinine
Authors: Zeb Saima , Babar Bakht , Bibi Samina , Akbar Shah Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To find the correlation of serum uric acid with microalbuminuria in Type-2 diabetic patients with normal creatinine.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st April, 2022 to 30th September, 2022. Total 160 diabetic patients between the age of 30 and 65 years were enrolled in the study. Type-2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria between 2.5 and 30 mg/mmol were included. The demographic details of patients were recorded in the questionnaire after taking consent. Fasting Uric acid, lipid profile and glucose along with creatinine and HbA1C were estimated from patient’s venous blood samples. Ratio of albumin to creatinine (ACR) in the random spot urine sample was used to detect microalbuminuria.
Results: Out of 160 participants enrolled in the study there were 86 (54%) males and 74 (46%) females with the mean age of 50.15 ± 11.1 years and BMI of 20.93 kg/m2. Ninety six (60%) of the patients had Type-2 DM for less than five years, while remaining 64 (40%) were more than five years diabetic. Mean serum uric acid calculated was 6.85±2.06(mg/dl), while microalbuminuria was calculated as 8.02±0.78 (mg/mmol). The Pearson correlation of serum uric acid and microalbuminuria based on sex and age was statistically significant(p<0.05).
Conclusion: We found that uric acid level was significantly associated with microalbuminuria in people with Type-2 diabetes with normal serum creatinine. Uric acid level can be a potential screening tool for early detection of DKD.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8208
How to cite this: Zeb S, Babar B, Bibi S, Shah MA. Correlation of uric acid with microalbuminuria in Type-2 diabetic patients with normal creatinine. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8208
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diversity of uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance among diabetic patients presented to MTI-Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Masood Adeela , Bilal Muhammad , Badshah Salim , Khan Yaseen 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Our objective was to quantify the number of various bacteria that frequently cause UTI in diabetes patients as well as to gauge their susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Internal Medicine Ward of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from June 2021 to December 2021, Patients with confirmed diabetes were included in the study; however, participants receiving antimicrobial medications for a maximum of 14 days were excluded from the study. Resistance of Escherichia coli, Candida, Pseudomonas, E. faecalis, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis and Staphylococcus was asssessed using ciprofloxac, ceftazidime and meropenem.
Results: The findings highlighted the the prevalence of Escherichia coli in 38.8% of patients, Candida in 19% of patients, Enterococcus faecalis in 11.8% of patients, Pseudomonas in 10%, Klebsiella in 9.5% patients, Proteus mirabilis 6.2% patients and Staphylococcus was found in 5.2% patients. According to the overall sensitivity and resistance of antibiotics in microorganisms, Meropenem showed 89.6% sensitivity and 10.4% resistance. Ciprofloxacin showed 38.9% sensitivity and 61.1% resistance and ceftazidime showed 22.7 sensitivity and 77.3% resistance.
Conclusion: UTIs were very common in diabetes patients, and Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen found. Compared to male patients, more female patients had infections. The uropathogens showed a significant degree of resistance to ceftizidime and ciprofloxacin.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8275
How to cite this: Masood A, Bilal M, Badshah S, Khan Y. Diversity of uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance among diabetic patients presented to MTI-Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8275
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of continuous blood purification in patients with urosepsis caused by ureteral calculi and heart failure after catheterization
Authors: Fan Xing , Li Zhe , Gao Yan , Zhang Hai-song , Bi Zhao-yu 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To detect the continuous blood purification (CBP)’s application value in patients with urosepsis caused by ureteral calculi and heart failure after catheterization.
Methods: This is a clinical comparative study. Sixty patients with ureteral calculi complicated with heart failure and urosepsis were admitted at Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2021 to March 2023 randomly split into control and experimental group(n=30). Based on conventional treatment after indwelling the DJ tube, the experimental group was treated with CBP therapy. The control group dealt with conventional anti-inflammatory, oxygen inhalation and other treatments only. Compared and analyzed in terms of alterations in blood inflammatory factors, cardiac function, BNP prior to and after therapy, blood pressure, blood WBC recovery time, and so on.
Results: TNF-a, CRP, and PCT levels in the control and experimental groups were substantially more prominent than the average reference value prior to treatment. They decreased considerably at distinct time points after therapy, with substantial distinctions (p< 0.05). A more meaningful decrease was noticed in the experimental group in comparison with the control group (p< 0.05). BNP and cardiac function were improved in both groups prior to and after therapy, and the amelioration of indexes in the experimental group was more substantial than that in the control group after therapy, with statistically considerable distinctions. The improvement time in experimental group was earlier than in the control group, with statistically substantial differences.
Conclusion: Patients with urosepsis complicated with heart failure after indwelling DJ tube have their inflammatory factors improved significantly, with more thorough excretion by using conventional treatment combined with CBP therapy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8386
How to cite this: Fan X, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Bi Z. Evaluation of continuous blood purification in patients with urosepsis caused by ureteral calculi and heart failure after catheterization. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8386
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis-E Virus-Immunoglobulin G and its association with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Memon Muhammad Sadik , Kadir Bushra , Kamani Lubna , Chandio Ayaz Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Background & Objective: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern in low-middle income countries. Hepatitis-E infection (HEV) is found globally but most prevalent in low-income countries especially those with poor sanitation systems, access to clean drinking water and health services. Superinfection with HEV in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) can cause severe hepatic decompensation leading to increased morbidity and mortality. To determine the frequency of seroprevalence of Hepatitis-E virus Immunoglobulin g (IgG) and its association with chronic liver disease.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from January till May 2022. A total of 196 patients of aged ≥ 18 years, presenting in gastroenterology clinics were included in the study after informed consent.
Result: Among 196 patients, one third of patient were male (73.5%). Out of which 162 (82.7%) had liver disease and 34 (17.3%) were without liver disease. The median age of patient was 45 (33-51) years. The overall seroprevalence of HEV IgG among study population was 69.4%. HEV IgG was present in 114 and 22 in CLD and non CLD patients respectively. Multivariable regression shows no association between seroprevalence of HEV in CLD and non-CLD patient (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.45-2.313).
Conclusion: Our study showed high frequency of HEV seropositivity. No difference was observed in HEV seropositivity among CLD and non-CLD patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8448
How to cite this: Memon MS, Kadir B, Kamani L, Chandio AA. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis-E Virus-Immunoglobulin G and its association with Chronic Liver Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8448
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of ABO blood group on the severity and clinico-pathological parameters of COVID-19
Authors: Asad Lareb , Mirza Talat , Kumar Santosh , Khatoon Ambrina 
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand the factors affecting disease severity. Prior research has indicated the potential roles of the ABO blood group system in disease susceptibility and progression. Our objective was to investigate the association between ABO Blood groups and the severity of COVID-19 and clinicopathological parameters.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted across three locations of Ziauddin University Hospital, including COVID-19 outpatient departments (OPDs), wards, and intensive care units (ICUs) from May 2020 to December 2020.The study utilized a non-probability convenient sampling technique with a sample size of 120 PCR-positive adult patients, as calculated by OpenEpi with a 95% confidence interval. Patients were excluded if they were under 14, intellectually impaired, post-chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or had a malignant condition. Disease severity was determined based on clinicopathological parameters and associated with blood group data using ANOVA and Chi-square tests in SPSS version 21.
Results: A significant association was found between the ABO blood groups and COVID-19 severity. Blood group-A was notably overrepresented in patients with severe COVID-19 and correlated with higher inflammatory markers and coagulation parameters.
Conclusion: ABO blood group, particularly Blood Group-A significantly associates with the severity of COVID-19. This finding suggests the potential utility of ABO blood group typing as a predictive marker for disease severity, which could contribute to personalized patient management strategies. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying this association.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.9037
How to cite this: Asad L, Mirza T, Kumar S, Khatoon A. Effect of ABO blood group on the severity and clinico-pathological parameters of COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.9037
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How Much Can Machines Learn Finance from Chinese Text Data?
Authors: Zhou Yang , Fan Jianqing , Xue Lirong 
Published: March 2024

How much can we learn finance directly from text data? This paper presents a new framework for learning textual data based on the factor augmentation model and sparsity regularization, called the factor-augmented regularized model for prediction (FarmPredict), to let machines learn financial returns directly from news. FarmPredict allows the model itself to extract information directly from articles without predefined information, such as dictionaries or pretrained models as in most studies. Using unsupervised learned factors to augment the predictors would benefit our method with a “double-robust” feature: that the machine would learn to balance between individual words or text factors/topics. It also avoids the information loss of factor regression in dimensionality reduction. We apply our model to the Chinese stock market with a large proportion of retail investors by using Chinese news data to predict financial returns. We show that positive sentiments scored by our FarmPredict approach from news generate on average 83 basic points (bps) stock daily excess returns, and negative news has an adverse impact of 26 bps on the days of news announcements, where both effects can last for a few days. This asymmetric effect aligns well with the short-sale constraints in the Chinese equity market. The result shows that the machine-learned prediction does provide sizeable predictive power with an annualized return of 54% at most with a simple investment strategy. Compared with other statistical and machine learning methods, FarmPredict significantly outperforms them on model prediction and portfolio performance. Our study demonstrates the far-reaching potential of using machines to learn text data. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71991471, 71991470, and 72204049], the National Key Research and Development Program [Grant 2020YFA0608604], the Shanghai Pujiang Scholar Project [Grant 21PJC010], the Shanghai Science Project [Grant 23692119300], and the China Postdoctoral Science Project [Grants 2019M650076 and 2020T130107]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01468 .
Analytical propagation model for underwater free-space optical communication through realistic levels of oceanic absorption and scattering
Authors: Davis Anthony B. , Roberts Lewis C. , Dolinar Sam J. , Cheng Michael K. 
Published: March 2024

Optical communications (OC) through water bodies is an attractive
technology for a variety of applications. Thanks to current
single-photon detection capabilities, OC receiver systems can reliably
decode very weak transmitted signals. This is the regime where pulse
position modulation is an ideal scheme. However, there has to be at
least one photon that goes through the pupil of the fore optics and
lands in the assigned time bin. We estimate the detectable photon
budget as a function of range for propagation through ocean water,
both open and coastal. We make realistic assumptions about the water’s
inherent optical properties, specifically, absorption and scattering
coefficients, as well as the strong directionality of the scattering
phase function for typical hydrosol populations. We adopt an
analytical (hence very fast) path-integral small-angle solution of the
radiative transfer equation for multiple forward-peaked scattering
across intermediate to large optical distances. Integrals are
performed both along the directly transmitted beam (whether or not it
is still populated) and radially away from it. We use this modeling
framework to estimate transmission of a 1 J pulse of
532 nm light through open ocean and coastal waters. Thresholds
for single-photon detection per time bin are a few km and a few
100 m. These are indicative estimates that will be reduced in
practice due to sensor noise, background light, turbulence, bubbles,
and so on, to be included in future work.
Simple DFS and AOA simultaneous measurement scheme without directional ambiguity with co-frequency self-interference signal cancellation
Authors: Fang Yuan , Ma Jianxin 
Published: March 2024

A photonic method based on a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPol-DPMZM) for the simultaneous measurement of the Doppler frequency shift (DFS) and angle of arrival (AOA) of microwave signals is proposed and demonstrated by simulation. The upper arm of each sub-DPMZM is driven by the echo and self-interference signals from the antenna, while the lower arm is driven by the reference signal 1 and reference signal 2. The phase and amplitude of the reference signal 1 are adjusted to match the interference signals for achieving the self-interference cancellation (SIC). At the central office (CO), the DFS and AOA can be acquired in real time without directional ambiguity by processing the two downconverted low-frequency tones in the photocurrent. The simulation results show that the presence of the SI signal will seriously interfere with the observation of the SOI frequency and waveform, and the self-interference cancellation depth of about 42 dB can be obtained after the SIC. The measurement errors of the DFS without direction ambiguity are within 0.2 Hz. After the Hilbert transformation of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal, the AOA can be measured from −87.31∘ to +87.31∘ with errors less than 3.9°. The system has a large bandwidth, excellent real-time performance, and better invisibility, and is expected to be used in modern electronic warfare systems.