bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crystal Structure of cis-β-Λ-Carbonato(S,S-triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III) Perchlorate: Spontaneous Resolution and Determination of Absolute Configuration
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Masuda Chie , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Einaga Hisahiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The single crystal of cis-β-Λ-S,S-[Co(CO3)(trien)](ClO4)·H2O (trien = triethylenetetramine) has spontaneously resolved from the aqueous solution of cis-α-[CoCl(NH3)(trien)](ClO4)2 containing hydrogencarbonate anion, whose crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with a = 7.410(1), b = 12.354(3), c = 8.676(1) Å, β = 108.88(1)°, and Z = 2. The final R and Rw values for the 3056 observed reflections with Io &gt; 3σ(Io) are 0.045 and 0.055, respectively. The tetradentate ligand, trien, is linked to the cobalt atom in cis-β-configuration, and the carbonato anion is coordinated to the metal atom as a didentate ligand. The Co–N bond lengths are 1.904(6), 1.928(4), 1.941(4), and 1.955(5) Å, and the two Co–O bond lengths are both 1.909(4). The absolute configuration of the complex cation can be designated as Λ(λλδ) and those about two secondary nitrogen atoms are both S.
Copper(I) Iodide Coordination Polymer with Tetrakis(ethylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TTC2-TTF) and the Iodine-Doped Compound
Authors: Gan Xinmin , Munakata Megumu , Kuroda-Sowa Takayoshi , Maekawa Masahiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The title complex was synthesized by the reaction of copper(I) iodide and tetrakis(ethylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TTC2-TTF) in acetonitrile under argon atmosphere. The new compound, [(CuI)2TTC2-TTF], crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/m with unit-cell dimensions a = 9.843(2), b = 12.946(2), c = 10.079(1) Å, β = 99.91(1)°, V = 1265.2(4) Å3, and Z = 2. It is a neutral 2 : 1 (metal/ligand) complex in which each metal ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by two bridging iodide ions and two sulfur atoms from TTC2-TTF to form coordination polymeric chains. The average Cu–I and Cu–S bond lengths are 2.601 and 2.369 Å, respectively. The complex was doped with iodine to afford [(CuI)2TTC2-TTF]I1.5 which exhibits a conductivity of 2 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C for a compacted pellet.
Silver(I) Ion-Mediated Desulfurization-Condensation of Thiocarbonyl Compounds with Several Nucleophiles
Authors: Shibuya Isao , Taguchi Yoichi , Tsuchiya Tohru , Oishi Akihiro , Katoh Eisaku 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The desulfurization-condensation reaction was investigated in the presence of silver(I) salt for several kinds of thiocarbonyl compounds with nucleophiles. Such thiocarbonyl compounds as 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone, ethylene trithiocarbonate, and N-(thiobenzoyl)morpholine react with malononitrile or other active methylene compounds in the presence of silver trifluoroacetate to afford the corresponding olefinic compounds together with silver sulfide. This reaction of thiocarbonyl compounds with some other nucleophiles, such as aniline derivatives and ethylene glycol, has also afforded imines and 1,3-dioxolane derivatives.
Synthesis of Rigid Porphyrin-Quinone Compounds for Studying Mutual Orientation Effects on Electron Transfer and Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Tsue Hirohito , Nakashima Shuichi , Goto Yasushi , Tatemitsu Hitoshi , Misumi Soichi , Abraham Raymond J , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshinori , Okada Tadashi , Mataga Noboru , Sakata Yoshiteru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A series of covalently linked porphyrin-quinone molecules in which a porphyrin ring is connected at two fixed distances with two different kinds of rigid spacers to benzoquinone were synthesized. The spacer is either spiro[4.4]nonane or trans-decalin. These compounds were designed to have a fixed orientation of different kinds with the same redox pair, the same separation distance, and the same number of intervening bonds. The forward electron-transfer rates were studied by fluorescence–lifetime measurements. Large differences in the rates were found in each pair, and the rates for those compounds having a spiro spacer were larger than those with a trans-decalin spacer. These differences were attributed to a difference in the molecular geometry of the spacer groups in each pair.
Syntheses of Rotational Isomers of Substituted 9-t-Butyltriptycenes That Carry an Oxygen Substituent in t-Butyl Group and Outstanding Steric Effects Observed in the Synthesis of an Intermediate
Authors: Oki Michinori , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Katafuchi Osamu , Ishizuka Takayuki , Toyota Shinji 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The title rotational isomers were synthesized. Reduction of methyl 2-(9-anthryl)-2-methylpropanoate caused difficulty due to severe steric effects. Thus the compound was converted to the free acid by treating it with a lithium thiolate and the resulted acid was reduced to the corresponding alcohol with borane. The alcohol was protected as either an acetate or a silyl ether and was subjected to the reaction with a benzyne. The resulted rotamers of triptycenes were separated by chromatography. Rotamers that carry an acetoxy, a hydroxy, or a t-butoxy substituent were prepared.
A Novel Synthesis of C/D-Rings Component of Phytochromobilin Dimethyl Ester
Authors: Kohori Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Masami , Kinoshita Hideki , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
C/D-Rings component of phytochromobilin dimethyl ester was readily synthesized by employing our recent new preparative method for 3,4-disubstituted 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones and their coupling with a 2-formylpyrrole. A convenient method for the preparation of a substituted pyrrole common to B- and C-rings was also described.
Surface Acidity-Cracking Activity Correlation in Chromium Pillared Clays
Authors: Vijayakumar S , Vijaya C , Rengaraj K , Sivasankar B 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Chromium pillared montmorillonite and vermiculite catalysts have been prepared by intercalation with hydrolyzed metal ion solution. Pillaring solutions with different chromium concentrations were prepared by varying the base to chromium ratio. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and IR studies. The nature of the acid sites was characterized by means of IR spectra data on pyridine adsorbed chromium pillared catalysts. The acidity of the samples was determined by butylamine titration. DSC has been used in the present study to probe the nature of the surface acidity, its heterogeneity, acid strength, and density of acidic sites. Cumene cracking was carried out as a test reaction of Brønsted acidity. Both the density and strength of Brønsted acid sites were found to influence the cracking activity.
A Laser Flash Photolysis Study of Electron Transfer Processes of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in High Magnetic Field
Authors: Mukai Masahiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Tanimoto Yoshifumi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The effect of high magnetic fields (≤13 T) on the charge transfer reaction between Ru(II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) and methylviologen is studied by laser flash photolysis in a pulse magnet. The initial yield of the methylviologen radical decreases by about 20% at 13 T and the second order decay rate constant of the escaped radicals increases as the magnetic field increases. These effects of high magnetic field are interpreted in terms of the Δg mechanism with strong spin-orbit coupling proposed by Steiner et al.
Photochemical Formation of Colloidal Silver in the Presence of Benzophenone
Authors: Sato Tomoo , Maeda Naohide , Ohkoshi Hideo , Yonezawa Yoshiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
An aqueous silver perchlorate–sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)–benzophenone (BP) solution was photolyzed with either UV or near-UV light. Irradiation with 253.7 nm light, which was absorbed by both BP and silver ions, brought about the formation of collidal silver and the photobleach of BP. Peptization of colloidal silver agglomerates after prolonged irradiation was ascribed to electron injection from the benzophenone ketyl radical (BPK). The formation of colloidal silver and the photobleach of BP were also caused by irradiation with 365 nm light, which was absorbed solely by BP (sensitized reaction). A simple reaction scheme was introduced and the initial rates for the sensitized photoreduction of silver ions and the photobleach of BP were expressed in closed forms. Suitable combinations of the kinetics parameters and the extinction coefficient of colloidal silver were proposed in order to interpret the dependences of the initial rates on the reactant concentrations.
Spectrophotometric and Simultaneous Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Gold(III) and Silver(I) with Rhodanine Derivative in Micellar Medium
Authors: El-Sayed Abdel-Aziz Youssef 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The determination methods of the gold(III) and silver(I) with, 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) rhodanine (3,4-MHBR) in the presence of benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (zephiramine), and 5(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene) rhodanine (3,4-DHBR) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) have been described. The application of first- and second-derivative spectrophotometry to simultaneous determination of gold(III) and silver(I) in their mixtures have been assayed using “zero-crossing” technique of measurement. In the pH ranges 8.8—9.8 and 9.0—10.2 the ternary 1 : 3 : 3 and 1 : 2 : 2 complexes gold(III)-3,4-MHBR-zephiramine and silver(I)-3,4-MHBR-zephiramine have been formed with molar absorptivities of 4.98 × 104 and 4.64 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 at 529 and 522 nm, respectively. The ternary 1 : 3 : 4 and 1 : 2 : 3 complexes gold(III)-3,4-DHBR-CTAB and silver(I)-3,4-DHBR-CTAB have been formed in the pH ranges 9.4—10.2 and 9.0—10.5 with molar absorptivities of 8.63 × 104 and 7.76 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 at 560 and 555 nm, respectively. The first- and second-derivative spectra of these complexes allow the determination of one metal in the presence an excess of the other. Gold(III) (0.21—3.6 μg cm−3) and silver(I) (0.12—2.63 μg cm−3) in different ratios have been determined simultaneously with good precision and accuracy using the proposed methods. The statistical analysis of the experimental results are presented. The methods have been applied to simultaneous determination of gold and silver in silicate rocks.
Reaction of Hydroxide Ion with Electron Donors in Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Umemoto Kisaburo , Nagase Yutaka , Sasaki Yukio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In aprotic solvents, the reaction of hydroxide ion with electron acceptors — iodine, tetracyanoquinodimethane, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, methylviologen, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, duroquinone, anthraquinone, benzil, 9-fluorenone, perylene — gave reaction products identical to those obtained by the reduction of these electron acceptors with electron donors. The paths of reaction of these electron acceptors with hydroxide ion were found to be composed of successive one-electron reactions. The efficiency of the reaction showed a good correlation with the reduction potential of the electron acceptors; the rate of the reaction decreased with increasing the reduction potential of the electron acceptors.
Syntheses and Characterization of Thiolate-Bridged Manganese(II) Complexes with NNS-Tridentate Thiolic Ligands
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Adachi Fumiya , Iwasawa Hirofumi , Handa Makoto , Koikawa Masayuki , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Manganese(II) complexes with 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanethiol (HLa), 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (HLb), 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]ethanethiol (HLc), and 2-[[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amino]ethanethiol (HLd)–[Mn(La)Cl]n (1), [Mn{Mn(Lb)2}2]Cl2·2CH3OH (2), [Mn(Lc)Cl]n (3), and [Mn(Ld)Cl(CH3OH)]n (4) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectroscopies, and magnetic susceptibilities (80—300 K). The crystal structures of all these complexes were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Complexes 1 and 3 have a thiolate-bridged polymeric chain structure in which each manganese atom is five-coodinated in a trigonal bipyramid. Complex 2 is a thiolate-bridged trinuclear manganese(II) complex displaying a linear arrangement of the three manganese atoms with the two Mn–Mn interactions being equidistant [3.420(1) Å]. Complex 4 is a thiolate-bridged polymeric infinite chain showing a distortion in the octahedral geometry around each manganese atom. The magnetic properties are discussed in relation to the crystal structures.
Oxidative Addition of Benzenethiol to [Rh(PMe3)4]Cl Giving Cationic and Neutral Hydrido(benzenethiolato)rhodium(III) Complexes
Authors: Osakada Kohtaro , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
[Rh(PMe3)4]Cl reacts with HSPh to give cationic hydrido(benzenethiolato)rhodium complex, cis-[RhH(SPh)(PMe3)4]Cl (1). The NMR (1H, 31P{1H}, and 13C{1H}) spectra as well as elemental analyses of 1 indicate the octahedral coordination with a hydrido and an SPh ligand at mutually cis positions. Reaction of [Rh(PMe3)4]Cl with HSPh in the presence of NEt3 gives a mixture of mer-RhCl(H)(SPh)(PMe3)3 (2) (38%) and [Rh2(μ-SPh)2(PMe3)4] (3) ( &lt; 20%). X-Ray crystallography has revealed the molecular structure of 2, which has slightly distorted octahedral coordination around the Rh center with three PMe3 ligands at meridional coordination sites. The hydrido ligand, which is at a distance of 1.52 Å from the Rh center, is at trans position to Cl and cis position to the SPh ligand. Complex 1 reacts with equimolar MeI to give MeSPh in 86% yield.
Increase in hospital mortality from non-communicable disease and HIV-related conditions in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2000
Authors: Bardgett H P , Dixon M , Beeching N J 
Published: August 2006

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is creating a strain on health care services in the developing world, with knock-on consequences for HIV negative patients. We looked for possible changes over time in the patterns of illness and outcomes of admission to an adult medical unit in Zimbabwe. We performed a prospective descriptive study of discharge diagnoses and causes of in-hospital ;mortality for all medical patients under the care of one consultant at Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Two similar 7-month periods were compared in 1992 and 2000. Data recorded included: initials, sex, alive or dead status, diagnosis and HIV/AIDS status. Similar numbers of patients were admitted in 1992 and 2000 (1305 and 1369), but in-hospital mortality increased from 13.3% to 28.6% ( P<0.001), especially in male patients (13.1% to 33.9% P<0.001). Mortality rates increased for both infectious and non-communicable diseases such as cardiac failure, stroke and diabetes. The 10 most common diagnoses were similar, apart from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) cases, which increased from 18 to 90. The proportion of patients clinically or serologically positive for HIV/AIDS rose from 13.9% to 51.1% ( P<0.001), but the number of cases of the HIV wasting syndrome (SLIM)/chronic gastroenteritis did not change significantly. In 1992 there happened to be a large number of cases of malaria transmission. Mortality related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases increased, confirming that HIV negative patients are also being affected by the strain on health services. Although based on clinical and radiological diagnosis, PCP pneumonia appears to be increasingly common in this area.
Exemption policies and community preferences for tropical endemic diseases in the Bamako initiative programme in Nigeria
Authors: Uzochukwu Benjamin S C , Onwujekwe Obinna E 
Published: August 2006

We determined the actual written policies/guidelines and practices of fee exemptions aimed at the primary health-care level for tropical diseases treatment within the Bamako initiative system and the community's and decision makers' preferences for exemption in Nigeria. Health policy documents from the federal and state ministries of health were reviewed to determine the guidelines for exemptions, services, goods and category of people to receive exemptions. The records of the local government areas, health centres and community health committees were also reviewed to check who had received exemptions and modalities for doing so. In addition, household surveys using questionnaires was conducted. There is no clear-cut national policy regarding exemption. In areas where exemption exists, these are largely unofficial, as no official documents exist to support exemption. A total of 1594 individuals were surveyed. Community members prefer pregnant women, children and patients with TB, malaria, onchocerciasis and leprosy to be exempted from payment of fees: decision makers prefer the poor, children and patients with malaria, TB and leprosy to be exempted from payment for drugs, registration, consultation and preventive services such as immunization and antenatal services. One area of divergence between the preferences of the community and decision makers is the issue of exempting people with malaria and HIV/AIDS.
The rush to accelerate: Early stages of nuclear physics research in Australia
Authors: HOME R. W. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT
From the mid-1930s, Australian physicists, though few in number, sought to join the exciting new field of research then opening up in experimental nuclear physics. Such research was already, however, largely based on the use of particle accelerators, and to acquire one demanded money and resources on a scale unprecedented in Australian scientific experience. Australian attempts during the period 1935–1960 to build accelerators or to acquire them by other means are described. The difficulties that Australian physicists faced in this connection and the strategies by which they sought to overcome them are considered. Three stages of development are identified: an initial period of small-scale initiatives in the 1930s, a postwar period of “do-it-yourself” accelerator building, and finally a growing practice of buying machines “off the shelf” from commercial suppliers.
Yoshio Nishina and two cyclotrons
Authors: KIM DONG-WON 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT
Yoshio Nishina is often honored as “a father of modern physics in Japan.” By performing multiple roles as a competent researcher, a formidable teacher, and a shrewd organizer, he not only made a great contribution to the emergence of a research network that produced two Nobel prize winners in physics but also raised the level of Japanese physics overall. Among Nishina's many contributions to the Japanese physics community, the construction and operation of two cyclotrons during the 1930s and 1940s were the most celebrated. In this paper I try to answer the following questions: why did Nishina start the construction of two cyclotron in the mid-1930s?; how did he secure the necessary financial support?; what were the original objectives of the machines, and how were they were actually used?; what difficulties did he meet and overcome in the construction and running of the cyclotrons?; how significant was the Berkeley connection in contributing to the construction and operation of the cyclotrons?; why did Nishina skip the construction of the medium size cyclotron (30–40 inches) and move directly from a small (26-inch) to a large one (60-inch)?; and how much did the cyclotron project influence the future path of Japanese physics? I argue that Nishina's two cyclotrons, especially the larger one, should be considered as successful examples of reverse engineering, a hallmark of Japanese technology in the interwar period.
The quest for the Brazilian synchrocyclotron
Authors: DE ANDRADE ANA M. RIBEIRO , MUNIZ R.P.A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT
Early efforts to bring particle accelerators into Brazil exemplify the interactions between advanced scientific countries and the periphery in the years 1948–1956 and between the history of science and the history of foreign affairs. The physicists Cesar Lattes, Ernest Lawrence, Herbert Anderson, Isidor Rabi, and Rear Admiral Álvaro Alberto played central roles in these efforts. The story brings out the role of the military and scientists acting within the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas and the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas to promote nuclear physics research aimed at the development of nuclear technology in Brazil. The decision-making process involved science, politics, secret agreements, and international affairs.
Restriction of Ongoing Intensive Care in Neonates: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hentschel Roland , Lindner Katharina , Krueger Markus , Reiter-Theil Stella 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to record the current practice of restricting ongoing intensive care in severely ill newborns.
METHODS. This was a prospective observational study over a 30-month period of consecutive newborns for whom restriction of ongoing intensive care was taken into consideration, discussed, or decided on. A standardized form recorded patients' medical condition, the type of restriction decided on, parents' wishes, and their information level. The research was conducted in a neonatal unit of a level III university children's hospital, with no interventions.
RESULTS. Forty patients were enrolled, 25 were preterm, 21 had either a genetic defect or an inborn malformation. Restriction of ongoing intensive care was decided on for 32 patients with a great variety of specified recommendations. Thirty-six patients died during the observation period. In general, parents were well informed; however, their wishes concerning restriction of ongoing intensive care were unknown in ∼25% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS. The decision-making process for restriction of ongoing intensive care is well established, but the role of parents needs to be defined.
The Adverse Effect of Negative Comments About Weight and Shape From Family and Siblings on Women at High Risk for Eating Disorders
Authors: Taylor C. Barr , Bryson Susan , Celio Doyle Angela A. , Luce Kristine H. , Cunning Darby , Abascal Liana B. , Rockwell Roxanne , Field Alison E. , Striegel-Moore Ruth , Winzelberg Andrew J. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our purpose with this work was to examine the relationship between negative comments about weight, shape, and eating and social adjustment, social support, self-esteem, and perceived childhood abuse and neglect.
METHODS. A retrospective study was conducted with 455 college women with high weight and shape concerns, who participated in an Internet-based eating disorder prevention program. Baseline assessments included: perceived family negative comments about weight, shape, and eating; social adjustment; social support; self-esteem; and childhood abuse and neglect. Participants identified 1 of 7 figures representing their maximum body size before age 18 and parental maximum body size.
RESULTS. More than 80% of the sample reported some parental or sibling negative comments about their weight and shape or eating. Parental and sibling negative comments were positively associated with maximum childhood body size, larger reported paternal body size, and minority status. On subscales of emotional abuse and neglect, most participants scored above the median, and nearly one third scored above the 90th percentile. In a multivariate analysis, greater parental negative comments were directly related to higher reported emotional abuse and neglect. Maximum body size was also related to emotional neglect. Parental negative comments were associated with lower reported social support by family and lower self-esteem.
CONCLUSIONS. In college women with high weight and shape concerns, retrospective reports of negative comments about weight, shape, and eating were associated with higher scores on subscales of emotional abuse and neglect. This study provides additional evidence that family criticism results in long-lasting, negative effects.