bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involving the Community Elderly in the Planning and Provision of Health Services: Predictors of Volunteerism and Leadership
Authors: Kloseck Marita , Crilly Richard G. , Mannell Roger C. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTA rapidly growing older population has led to changes in health care, including a community health movement with an emphasis on community collaboration, self-help, and capacity building. This study examined factors in the lives of older individuals that influenced their ability and willingness to participate in a health-related community-capacity-building project to help their frailer, older neighbours. Using cross-sectional survey methodology, 107 volunteers who lived in a high density seniors' apartment complex known for its high health service utilization were compared with a random sample of 74 non-volunteers from the same community. Factors associated with volunteer involvement included age, activity level, functional ability, life satisfaction and certain personality characteristics. The study suggests that, within a community, the “younger-old” may be able to support their frailer, older neighbours so that they can remain living in the community.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release Channels in Ventricles of Older Adult Hamsters
Authors: Nicholl Peter A. , Howlett Susan E. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTWhether the density of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channels / ryanodine receptors in the heart declines with age is not clear. We investigated age-related changes in the density of «3H»-ryanodine receptors in crude ventricular homogenates, which contained all ligand binding sites in heart and in isolated junctional SR membranes. Experiments utilized young (120 days) and older adult (300 days) hamsters. «3H»-ryanodine binding site density did not change with age in crude homogenate preparations, although total heart protein concentration increased significantly with age. In contrast, the density of «3H»-ryanodine binding sites decreased markedly in heavy SR membranes purified from older hearts. These results show that demonstration of age-related changes in cardiac ryanodine receptor density depends upon the preparation used. Furthermore, the increase in total ventricular protein with age suggests that normalization of data by membrane protein should be used with caution in studies of aging heart.
M.J. Fisk. Social Alarms to Telecare: Older People's Services in Transition. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2003.
Authors: Lehoux Pascale 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉCe livre apporte une contribution utile à la littérature dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies de la communication et de l'information. Il se concentre principalement sur les services de systèmes d'alerte personnels utilisés en Angleterre et en Irlande. L'ouvrage présente également un survol international des technologies connexes (moniteurs à distance, télémédecine, télésanté). Les systèmes d'alerte visent à soutenir l'autonomie des usagers et leur intégration sociale, mais comportent des implications importantes. Ce livre contribue à mieux cerner les enjeux auxquels les politiques de logement et de services sociaux devront s'attarder.
David C. Burdick and Sunkyo Kwon (Eds.). Gerontechnology: Research and Practice in Technology and Aging. New York: Springer, 2004.
Authors: Marziali Elsa 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉCe livre est essentiel pour quiconque s'intéresse à l'impact des technologies sur la qualité de vie des personnes âgées. Partant d'un introduction qui illustre clairement que la société dans son ensemble est de plus en plus immergée dans la communication et la transmission d'informations digitales, les chapitres suivants fournissent des données et analyses de l'interface qui existe entre le déclin lié à l'âge et l'acce`s aux technologies spécifiques telles que les ordinateurs, les appareils d'aide fonctionnelle, le monitorage à la maison et les syste`mes interactifs de voix/vidéo sur réseau IP. Le rôle que joue la technologie dans la vie des personnes âgées est bien décrit sur les plans empirique et pratique. De plus, la plupart des chapitres centrent leur attention sur les défis que constitue la conception d'interfaces techniques qui visent spécifiquement les changements visuels, moteurs et cognitifs liés à l'âge. De toute évidence, cet ouvrage peut amener les fournisseurs de services à mieux cerner les différentes façons dont les technologies sont susceptibles d'améliorer et de remodeler la vie d'une société vieillissante.
Disrespect and Isolation: Elder Abuse in Chinese Communities
Authors: Tam Sandra , Neysmith Sheila 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTBased on a qualitative study of home care workers, this paper aims to understand elder abuse of Chinese Canadians. The findings show disrespect is the key form elder abuse takes in the Chinese community. As a culturally specific form of abuse, disrespect remains invisible under categories of elder abuse derived from a Western cultural perspective. Applying a social exclusion framework to understand the dynamic of elder abuse, we argue that as a marginalized racial minority immigrant, an elderly Chinese person's vulnerability to abuse is increased under conditions of social isolation.
Choosing Expensive Tastes
Authors: Kaplow Louis 
Published: January 2007

The possibility that individuals might have expensive tastes is the basis of arguments for and against various theories of how social resources should be allocated. Expensive tastes play a role, for example, in Dworkin's advocacy of equality of resources rather than welfare, in Rawls's account of primary goods, in Scanlon's argument for an objective criterion of well-being, and in Arneson's favoring of equality of opportunity for welfare rather than equality of welfare.Much of the argument about whether expensive tastes should be treated distinctively concerns whether or not individuals choose to have such tastes. If individuals are simply born with different tastes, or perhaps if they develop them through socialization when young, it is suggested, individuals should not be seen as responsible for their expensive tastes. However, it is argued that individuals should not be com pensated for expensive tastes that they have freely chosen — or would hypothetically have chosen — to cultivate.
Estimating a marriage matching model with spillover effects
Authors: Choo Eugene , Siow Aloysius 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe use marriage matching functions to study how marital patterns change when population supplies change. Specifically, we use a behavioral marriage matching function with spillover effects to rationalize marriage and cohabitation behavior in contemporary Canada. The model can estimate a couple’s systematic gains to marriage and cohabitation relative to remaining single. These gains are invariant to changes in population supplies. Instead, changes in population supplies redistribute these gains between a couple. Although the model is behavioral, it is nonparametric. It cant any observed cross-sectional marriage matching distribution. We use the estimated model to quantify the impacts of gender differences in mortality rates and the baby boom on observed marital behavior in Canada. The higher mortality rate of men makes men scarcer than women. We show that the scarceness of men modestly reduced the welfare of women and increased the welfare of men in the marriage market. On the other hand, the baby boom increased older men’s net gains to entering the marriage market and lowered middle-aged women’s net gains
Death by survey: Estimating adult mortality without selection bias from sibling survival data
Authors: Gakidou Emmanuela , King Gary 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The widely used methods for estimating adult mortality rates from sample survey responses about the survival of siblings, parents, spouses, and others depend crucially on an assumption that, as we demonstrate, does not hold in real data. We show that when this assumption is violated so that the mortality rate varies with sib ship size, mortality estimates can be massively biased. By using insights from work on the statistical analysis of selection bias, survey weighting, and extrapolation problems, we propose a new and relatively simple method of recovering the mortality rate with both greatly reduced potential for bias and increased clarity about the source of necessary assumptions.
Reconstructing Haberland Reconstructing the Wolaitta: Writing the History and Society of a Former Ethiopian Kingdom
Authors: Abbink Jon 
Published: January 2007

In this paper I take up the methodological issue of combining archived fieldwork notes and contemporary field data in the reconstruction of the recent history of Wolaitta, a former kingdom in southern Ethiopia. The old fieldwork data, archived and little known since the 1960s, consist of the notes of the German Ethiopianist ethnologist Eike Haberland (1924-1992), while the field data are based on my intermittent fieldwork in Wolaitta since 2001. In ongoing research on this subject, I intend to write an historical ethnography of Wolaitta, by combining a study of the methods and interpretive strategies of Haberland as ethnographer and product of his time, with new research. The effort may also allow us to see how his ‘facts’ and explanations fit with current concerns in anthropology and African studies. As the subject of this paper will eventually be elaborated into a book, I aim to be brief here and illustrate the value and challenge of such a reconstruction effort.The study also is meant to contribute to understanding the dynamics of regional identity in today's Ethiopia, which has been struggling with a very problematic implementation of ethnicity-based federal policies since 1991. A study of a corpus of ethnography gathered in the heyday of German field ethnology (1950s-1960s), in conjunction with present-day research, may highlight processes of identity formation among the Wolaitta, who today in 2005 count some 1.5 million people, with perhaps an additional 80,000 living outside the Wolaitta borders elsewhere in Ethiopia, and having various shades of identification with their country and traditions of origin.
Missionary Knowledge and the State in Colonial Nigeria: On How G. T. Basden became an Expert
Authors: van den Bersselaar Dmitri 
Published: January 2007

Between 1931 and 1937, the Anglican missionary G. T. Basden represented the Igbo people on the Nigerian Legislative Council. The Igbo had not elected Basden as their representative; he had been appointed by the colonial government. Basden's appointment seems remarkable. In 1923 the Legislative Council had been expanded to include seats for Unofficial Members, representing a number of Nigerian areas, with the expressed aim of increasing African representation on the Council. In selecting Basden the government went against their original intention that the representative of the Igbo area would be a Nigerian. However, the government decided that there was no “suitable” African candidate available, and that the appointment of a recognized European expert on the Igbo was an acceptable alternative. This choice throws light on a number of features of the Nigerian colonial state in 1930s, including the limitations of African representation and the definition of what would make a “suitable” African candidate.In this paper I am concerned with the question of how Basden became recognized as an expert by the colonial government and also, more generally, with the linkages between colonial administrations' knowledge requirements and missionary knowledge production. Missionary-produced knowledge occupied a central, but also somewhat awkward position in colonial society. On the one hand, colonial governments and missions shared a number of common assumptions and expectations about African peoples. On the other hand, there also existed tensions between missions and government, partly reflecting differing missionary and administrative priorities, which means that the missionary expert was not often recognized as such.
Precolonial Sub-Saharan Africa and the Ancient Norse World: Looking For Similarities
Authors: Fuglestad Finn 
Published: January 2007

Comparative history may be fashionable these days, but references to the past of precolonial sub-Saharan Africa in the literature on early Scandinavia, andvice versa, are still hard to come by. Perhaps this is as it should be, as Scandinavia and Sub-Saharan Africa are generally considered to be worlds apart. Besides, there is the time-lag involved: pre-Christian Scandinavia, including the Norse world, came to an end in roughly the eleventh century, whereas the precolonial era in sub-Saharan Africa lasted into the 1880s at the earliest. But many years ago, when after a prolonged immersion in African history, I picked up some books, including printed primary sources, related to pre-Christian Norway, I was invaded by a strange feeling ofdéjà vu, of having seen it all before, precisely in sub-Saharan Africa of old. Pre-Christian Norwegian, or Norse, society suddenly began to make sense to me as it had never done before.Why the similarities I believe I have detected, and how significant are they? Is it possible that they are in some way more relevant or meaningful than the differences? Can we even speak of a problem of similaritiesà laHenri Frankfort? I have no ready-made answers to these questions. In fact my aim in this paper is a fairly modest one, that of offering some tentative, possibly speculative, observations, thoughts, and/or conclusions. I take as my point of departure the obvious, or trivial, point that precolonial sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Christian Norway did have something quite essential in common: the prevalence in both cases of ”pagan” (or “heathen”) and overwhelmingly agrarian kinship-type societies. In the case of Norway and Scandinavia, the Viking era (790s to somewhere in the tenth century), with its marked maritime orientation, constituted perhaps a rupture. Extensive seafaring, including maritime raiding and pillaging, not to mention the emergence of so-called sea kings, implies mobility, and mobile people do not fit readily into the “model” that is outlined in this essay. It may be, however, that the inland regions of the Nordic world were not always directly or even deeply influenced by what happened on the coast. Note that the words “pagan” and “heathen” are used here for want of a better expression, in the sense of “non-revealed” or “ethnic” religions. By kinship-type societies I mean collectivist-oriented societies composed not primarily of individuals, but of kindreds or lineages.
Subject to Exception : Security Certificates, National Security and Canada's Role in the “War on Terror”
Authors: Bell Colleen 
Published: January 2007

RésuméCet article examine les valeurs que la procédure de certificats de sécurité de laLoi sur l'immigration et la protection des réfugiésattache à la vie de non citoyens ainsi que ses conséquences sur le pouvoir étatique et la liberté politique. Sous l'impératif de la sécurité nationale et la «guerre au terrorisme», le certificat de sécurité constitue un moment d'exception du pouvoir souverain et légitime. Ceci met en cause l'État de droit alors que la protection légale fondamentale est déniée à des détenus qui ne sont pas citoyens canadiens. Dans une première partie, les mécanismes et procédures du certificat de sécurité sont présentés, avec une attention particulière portée à la détention et aux exigences de preuve qui illustrent la dérogation des garanties légales. L'article aborde ensuite comment cette érosion de l'État de droit ouvre un espace d'exception à l'exercice souverain du pouvoir étatique fondé sur des critères discriminatoires du statut de citoyenneté afin d'associer étrangeté et danger. La dernière partie enfin montre comment le certificat de sécurité conçoit la liberté dans le cadre des objectifs nationaux de la «guerre au terrorisme» et les limites de la liberté libérale en lien avec le pouvoir de l'État moderne.
Protecting Research Confidentiality : Towards a Research-Participant Shield Law
Authors: Palys Ted , Lowman John 
Published: January 2007

RésuméLa protection de la confidentialité des recherches est un principe intégral de toutes les sciences sociales, ainsi que des codes d'éthique de l'humanité. Mais que se passerait-il si une juridiction exigerait l'accès à des informations confidentielles sur des recherches, tant dans le cas de litiges au civil, que pour des affaires criminelles? Au Canada, seules les informations provenant des recherches de Statistiques Canada jouissent de ce privilège relatif à la preuve—une juridiction ne peut exiger une divulgation. Tous les autres chercheurs devront faire appel à la common law afin de protéger des recherches confidentielles. Il leur appartiendrait, pour chaque cas, d'apporter la preuve de la nécessité de garder confidentielle toute information sur ces recherches, avec le risque malheureux qu'une juridiction ordonne leur divulgation. Cet article décrit cinq problèmes découlant de l'état du droit. Les protections juridiques de la confidentialité de la recherche ont encore beaucoup de chemin à parcourir avant de résoudre ces problèmes. Mais comment se présenteront ces protections? Qui aura à les gérer? La deuxième partie de cet article examine les protections législatives des privilèges relatifs à la preuve, y compris la Loi sur les statistiques, et la Loi canadienne sur la preuve, ainsi que les «certificats de confidentialité» (pour certains types de recherches en santé) et les «certificats de vie privée» (pour certaines enquêtes criminelles) des États-Unis, en vue d'établir des critères permettant l'établissement d'une loi protégeant la recherche canadienne.
L'institutionnalisation de l'attribution des pouvoirs politico-économiques : Normalité et exception
Authors: Picavet Emmanuel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article puts forward an analytical canvas for studying the effects of a divide between normality and exception in the institutionalization of power-attributing rules. The question is raised through the study of the coordination of institutional agents around issues pertaining to the specification of exceptions. The initial canvas is enriched by the re-examination of examples taken in the field of the legitimate intervention of the State against the backdrop of uncertainties about the meaning of European rules which are central to the policy of competition.
Identification of aromatase‐positive radial glial cells as progenitor cells in the ventricular layer of the forebrain in zebrafish
Authors: Pellegrini Elisabeth , Mouriec Karen , Anglade Isabelle , Menuet Arnaud , Le Page Yann , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Marmignon Marie‐Hélène , Brion François , Pakdel Farzad , Kah Olivier 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCompared with other vertebrates, the brain of adult teleost fish exhibits two unique features: it exhibits unusually high neurogenic activity and strongly expresses aromatase, a key enzyme that converts aromatizable androgens into estrogens. Until now, these two features, high neurogenic and aromatase activities, have never been related to each other. Recently, it was shown that aromatase is expressed in radial glial cells of the forebrain and not in neurons. Here, we further document that Aromatase B is never detected in cells expressing the markers of postmitotic neurons, Hu and acetylated tubulin. By using a combination of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment and immunohistochemical techniques, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that aromatase‐positive radial cells actively divide to generate newborn cells in many forebrain regions. Such newborn cells can further divide, as shown by BrdU‐proliferating cell nuclear antigen double staining. We also demonstrate that, over time, newborn cells move away from the ventricles, most likely by migrating along the radial processes. Finally, by using antisera to Hu and acetylated tubulin, we further document that some of the newborn cells derived from radial glia differentiate into neurons. These data provide new evidence for the mechanism of neurogenesis in the brain of adult fish. In addition, given that estrogens are well‐known neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors affecting proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation, the expression of aromatase in the neural stem cells of the adult strongly demonstrates that the fish brain is an outstanding model for studying the effects of estrogens on adult neurogenesis and brain repair. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:150–167, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzymes that synthesize the IB4 epitope are not sufficient to impart IB4 binding in dorsal root ganglia of rat
Authors: Fullmer Joseph M. , Riedl Maureen , Williams Frank G. , Sandrin Mauro , Elde Robert 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe isolectin B4 (IB4) stains a subset of small and medium‐sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by binding to terminal α‐galactose on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The enzymes α(1,3)galactosyltransferase (1,3GT) and isoglobotriaosylceramide synthase (iGb3S) synthesize the galactose‐α(1,3)‐galactose group, which is the most common carbohydrate containing terminal α‐galactose. 1,3GT preferentially glycosylates proteins whereas iGb3S glycosylates lipids. We generated antibodies against rat 1,3GT and iGb3S that were used for immunohistochemical staining of DRG cells. Virtually all neurons that bound IB4 expressed both enzymes, suggesting that IB4 binds to both glycoproteins and glycolipids in IB4‐positive neurons. 1,3GT immunoreactivity was observed in small and medium‐sized neurons and satellite cells. iGb3S immunoreactivity was observed in neurons of varying sizes. Many neurons that expressed these enzymes did not bind IB4. Additionally, the majority of neurons that expressed substance P expressed both enzymes but did not bind IB4. Ultrastructual studies revealed that 1,3GT was predominantly associated with the Golgi apparatus, whereas iGb3S was found near the Golgi apparatus and in large, clear vesicles throughout the soma. These data suggest that, although expression of 1,3GT and/or iGb3S appears to be necessary for IB4 binding, expression of these enzymes is not sufficient to impart IB4 binding. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:70–82, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bis(phosphinimino)methanides as Ligands in Divalent Samarium Chemistry: Synthesis, Structures and Catalysis
Authors: Wiecko Michal , Roesky Peter W. , Burlakov Vladimir V. , Spannenberg Anke 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe reaction of K{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2} with samarium diiodide in a 1:1 molar ratio in thf affords the corresponding divalent samarium complex [{(Me3SiNPPh2)2CH}Sm(μ‐I)(thf)]2 (1), whereas treatment of K{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2} with samarium diiodide in a 2:1 molar ratio in thf gives the homoleptic complex [{(Me3SiNPPh2)2CH}2Sm] (2). When 1 is treated with KNPh2 in toluene in a 2:1 molar ratio the mixed dimeric compound [({(Me3SiNPPh2)CH}2Sm)2(μ‐I)(μ‐NPh2)] (3) is obtained. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of all these complexes have been determined. [{(Me3SiNPPh2)2CH}Sm(μ‐I)(thf)]2 has also been successfully used as a catalyst for the polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone. Good activities and molecular masses are observed with this catalyst.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)