bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the administration of wheat bran biscuit: Changes in the diet
Authors: Ishikawa Hideki , Akedo Ikuko , Nakamura Tomiyo , Kimura Kazuko , Takimoto Yasuko , Suzuki Takaichiro , Sato Shinichi , Tanaka Yukio , Otani Toru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe developed hard biscuit containing 30% bran (WB biscuit) and administered it to 12 volunteers at 7.5 g/day (7.5 g group) or 15 g/day (15 g group) as wheat bran for 12 weeks.After 12 weeks, the dietary fiber intake from foods other than wheat bran decreased slightly in the both groups, in the 15 g group was the decrease notable especially, after the beginning of WB biscuit administration.We suggest that a closest attention to changes in dietary habit associated with intervention is needed in intervention studies using patients leading a normal life.
Metabolic effects of ω‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Osmundsen Harald , Clouet Pierre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSome metabolic effects of dietary marine oils, or of dietary eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid are reviewed. It is pointed out that docosahexaenoic acid appears more effective as regards induction of peroxisomal β‐oxidation. Similarly, docosahexaenoic appears more powerful in terms of suppression of hepatic Δ9‐desaturase activity and mRNA‐levels. The potential inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, on mitochondrial β‐oxidation is discussed. Experiments with rats suggesting that the hypolipidaemic response of eicosapentaenoic acid is more marked when the fatty acid was given to fed rats, as compared to fasted rats, are discussed.
Role of dietary lipids in arteriosclerosis in experimental animals
Authors: Imaizumi Katsumi , Adan Yosef , Shibata Kenichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEffects of dietary fats include the development of arteriosclerosis in humans and experimental animals, in addition to hypercholesterolemia. None of the preceding studies explicitly compared the effects of individual fatty acids. To address these issues, we chose exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats and apolipoprotein (apo) E deficient mice as a model for atherosclerosis and assessed the individual role of fatty acids in animals' susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The rats fed on the diet containing DHA or EPA, compared with those fed on the safflower oil (SO) diet, lowered serum cholesterol concentration, prevented platelet aggregation and slowed thickening in the ascending aorta. Apo E deficient mice developed hypercholesterolemia and severe lesion area in aortic root and arch, to a similar extent when they received DHA or SO. These results suggest a direct action of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the arterial wall, in addition to their effects on hypocholesterolemic and haemodynamic action.
Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention
Authors: Nakachi Kei , Matsuyama Satoru , Miyake Satoshi , Suganuma Masami , Imai Kazue 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe significance of drinking green tea in prevention of two of the main lifestyle‐related diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease, was demonstrated in terms of a prospective cohort study on a total of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. On the basis of the follow‐up study, we revealed decreased relative risk of cancer incidence for those consuming over 10 cups a day, compared with those consuming below 3 cups: 0.54 (95% men, 0.57 (0.34–0.98) for women, and 0.59 (0.35–0.98) for both sexes. Furthermore, a significant delay in cancer onset was associated with increased consumption of green tea. Next, decreased relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease was 0.58 (0.34–0.99) for men, 0.82 (0.49–1.38) for women, and 0.72 (0.60–1.04) for members of both sexes consuming over 10 cups a day. Finally, we evaluated the life‐prolonging effects of drinking green tea on cumulative survival, using the life table.
Regulation of intestinal glucose transport by tea catechins
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Kobayashi Yoko , Suzuki Miho , Satsu Hideo , Miyamoto Yusei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIntestinal glucose uptake is mainly performed by its specific transporters, such as SGLT 1, GLUT 2 and 5 expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells. By using human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells we observed that intestinal glucose uptake was markedly inhibited by tea extracts. While several substances in green tea seem to be involved in this inhibition, catechins play the major role and epicatechin gallate (ECg) showed the highest inhibitory activity. Since our Caco‐2 cells did not express enough amount of SGLT 1, the most abundant intestinal glucose transporter, the effect of ECg on SGLT 1 was evaluated by using brush border membrane vesicles obtained from the rabbit small intestine. ECg inhibited SGLT 1 in a competitive manner, although ECg itself was not transported via the glucose transporters. These results suggest that tea catechins could play a role in controlling the dietary glucose uptake at the intestinal tract and possibly contribute to blood glucose homeostasis.
Mechanisms of inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea
Authors: Yang Chung S. , Chung Jee Y. , Yang Guang‐Yu , Li Chuan , Meng Xiaofeng , Lee Mao‐Jung 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTea (Camellia sinensis) preparations have been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis at the initiation, promotion, and progression stages in different animal models. The anti‐proliferative effects of tea polyphenols may be a key mechanism, especially in the NNK‐induced lung tumorigenesis model with mice. Studies with cell lines have demonstrated that tea polyphenols inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The effective concentrations used in these studies (20–100 μM) are usually higher than those observed in blood and tissues of humans and animals, which are in the low micromolar range. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugated and methylated catechins as well as ring fission products (due to intestinal microflora) have been observed in human plasma and urine. Purified green and black tea polyphenols inhibited the H‐ras induced mitogen‐activated protein kinases, AP‐1 activities, and the growth of 30.7b Ras 12 and BES21 cells. Among the catechins, both the galloyl structure on the B ring and the gallate moiety are important for the inhibition. Both (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and theaflavin‐3,3′‐digallate inhibited the phosphorylation of c‐jun and p44/42 (ERK 1/2). More mechanistic and human studies in these areas will help us to understand the possible inhibitory action of tea against carcinogenesis in humans.
The role of anthocyanins as an antioxidant under oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Tsuda Takanori , Horio Fumihiko , Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCyanidin 3‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (C3G) is included in anthocyanins, and expected to have a potency to scavenge active oxygen species in vivo. Rats were fed a diet containing C3G (2 g/kg diet) for 14 days, and then subjected to hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) as an oxidative stress model. I/R treatment elevated the liver thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance concentration and the serum activities of marker enzymes for liver injury, and lowered the liver reduced glutathione concentration. Feeding C3G significantly suppressed these changes caused by hepatic I/R. These results indicate that C3G functions as a potent antioxidant in vivo under oxidative stress. To clarify the mechanism of action of C3G, we investigated the absorption and metabolism of C3G in rats. C3G appeared in the plasma immediately after the oral administration of C3G. Protocatechuic acid, which seems to be produced by the degradation of cyanidin, was also present in the plasma. In the liver and kidneys, C3G was metabolized to methylated form.
Recent studies on the biofunctions and biotransformations of curcumin
Authors: Lin Jen‐Kun , Pan Min‐Hsiung , Lin‐Shiau Shoei‐Yn 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCurcumin is a major component of Curcuma species, which is commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has shown anti‐carcinogenic activity in animals as indicated by its ability to block colon tumor initiation by azoxymethane and skin tumor promotion induced by phorbol ester TPA. Curcumin possesses anti‐inflammatory activity and is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen‐generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Curcumin is also a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, EGF‐receptor tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Subsequently, curcumin inhibits the activation of NFκB and the expressions of c‐jun, c‐fos, c‐myc and iNOS. It is proposed that curcumin may suppress tumor promotion through blocking signal transduction pathways in the target cells. Curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. These results suggest that curcumin‐glucuronide, dihydro‐curcumin‐glucuronide, tetrahydrocurcumin‐glucuronide and tetrahydrocurcumin are major metabolites of curcumin in mice.
Chemistry and antioxidative factors in rosemary and sage
Authors: Ho Chi‐Tang , Wang Mingfu , Wei Guor‐Jien , Huang Tzou‐Chi , Huang Mou‐Tuan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRosemary and sage are common spices used in food. In our recent search of cancer chemopreventive agents from spices, the alcohol extracts of rosemary and sage showed strong antumorigenic activities. Rosemary and sage extracts contain active antioxidative factors such as phenolic diterpenes, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Here we discuss chromatographic methods used to separate and purify compounds from these spices and MS and NMR spectrometry to identify the isolated compounds. Several new compounds isolated from sage were determined to be 6‐O‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐fructofuranosyl‐(2 → 1)‐β‐glucopyranoside, 1‐O‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 1‐O‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 1‐O‐(3‐methyl‐2,3,4‐trihydroxybutyl)‐6‐O‐feruloyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 4‐hydroxyacetophenone 4‐O‐[5‐O‐(3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxybenzoyl)‐β‐D‐apiofrunosyl]‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and 1‐O‐[2‐hydroxy‐5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenyl]‐6‐O‐trans‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside.
Antidiabetogenic activity of oleanolic acid glycosides from medicinal foodstuffs
Authors: Yoshikawa Masayuki , Matsuda Hisashi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOleanolic acid glycosides from several medicinal foodstuffs were found to show potent inhibitory activity on the increase of serum glucose levels in oral glucose‐loaded rats. By examination of the structure‐activity relationships, the 3‐O‐glucuronide moiety and the 28‐carboxyl group in oleanolic acid glycosides were required to exert the hypoglycemic activity. Oleanolic acid glycosides were found to have neither insulin‐like nor insulin‐releasing activity, but they inhibited gastric emptying and glucose‐uptake in the small intestine. Investigation of the mode of action revealed that the inhibition of gastric emptying was mediated by capsaicin‐sensitive sensory nerves and the central nervous system. Furthermore, oleanolic acid glycosides were suggested to suppress the gastric emptying by stimulating the release and/or production of dopamine to act through dopamine2 receptors, which in turn causes the release of prostaglandins.
Inhibitory effects of vitamin E on endothelial‐dependent adhesive interactions with leukocytes induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein
Authors: Yoshida N. , Manabe H. , Terasawa Y. , Nishimura H. , Enjo F. , Nishino H. , Yoshikawa T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLeukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions, which are mediated by various adhesion molecules, are a crucial event in inflammatory reactions including atherosclerosis. α‐Tocopherol (α‐Toc) has been used for protection and therapy of vascular diseases because of its antioxidant activity. The objective of the present study was to determine effect of α‐Toc on endothelial‐dependent adhesive interactions with leukocytes elicited by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Incubation of HUVEC with oxLDL (100 μg/mL) increased expression of proteins and messenger RNA of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) on enzyme immunoassay and northern blotting assay; pretreatment with α‐Toc reduced in a dose dependent manner. Adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) or mononuclear leukocytes (MNC) to oxLDL‐activated HUVEC was much increased compared with that to unstimulated HUVEC. Treatment of HUVEC with α‐Toc, monoclonal antibody to ICAM‐1 or VCAM‐1 inhibited adherence of PMN or MNC in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that α‐Toc works as anti‐atherogenic agent through inhibiting endothelial‐dependent adhesive interactions with leukocytes induced by oxLDL.
Selenoprotein synthesis in archaea
Authors: Rother Michael , Resch Armin , Wilting Reinhard , Böck August 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe availability of the genome sequences from several archaea has facilitated the identification of the encoded selenoproteins and also of most of the components of the machinery for selenocysteine biosynthesis and insertion. Until now, selenoproteins have been identified solely in species of the genera Methanococcus (M.) and Methanopyrus. Apart from selenophosphate synthetase, they include only enzymes with a function in energy metabolism. Like in bacteria and eukarya, selenocysteine insertion is directed by a UGA codon in the mRNA and involves the action of a specific tRNA and of selenophosphate as the selenium donor. Major differences to the bacterial system, however, are that no homolog for the bacterial selenocysteine synthase was found and, especially, that the SECIS element of the mRNA is positioned in the 3′ nontranslated region. The characterisation of a homolog for the bacterial SelB protein showed that it does not bind to the SECIS element necessitating the activity of at least a second protein. The use of the genetic system of M. maripaludis allowed the heterologous expression of a selenoprotein gene from M. jannaschii and will facilitate the elucidation of the mechanism of the selenocysteine insertion process in the future.
Selenium: A key element that controls NF‐κB activation and IκBα half life
Authors: Kretz‐Remy Carole , Arrigo André‐Patrick 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTreatment of mammalian cells with hydrogen peroxide induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF‐κ and its binding to κ DNA sequences present in the promoter region of numerous genes. The role of selenium in NF‐κ activation was analyzed in human T47D cells overexpressing the seleno‐dependent detoxifiant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Following exposure to H2O2, these cells showed a seleno‐dependent decreased accumulation of intracellular ROS and NF‐κ activation. This phenomenon was correlated with an inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NF‐κ (p50 subunit) and with an absence of Iκα degradation. We also report that the half‐life of Iκα in untreated cells was increased two‐fold by the overexpression of active glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that selenium is a key element that through its modulation of glutathione peroxidase activity can inhibit NF‐κ activation and can up‐regulate Iκα normal half life.
Selenium and signal transduction: Roads to cell death and anti‐tumour activity
Authors: Ghose Aurnab , Fleming Janis , Harrison Paul R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAccumulated evidence from prospective studies, intervention trials and studies on animal models of cancer have suggested a strong inverse correlation between selenium intake and cancer incidence. Several putative mechanisms have been suggested to mediate the chemopreventive activities of selenium: of these, the inhibition of cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis are particularly attractive.The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are known to be important regulators of cell death and our recent work has focused on the involvement of these pathways in selenium‐induced apoptosis in primary cultures of oral cancers and corresponding normal mucosa derived from biopsy material.Using this system, the oral carcinoma cells were found to have enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis when treated with certain selenium compounds compared to normal oral mucosa. Induction of Fas ligand was associated with selenium‐induced apoptosis.Signal transduction studies suggests that selenium induces several changes in the MAPK signalling pathways but functional intervention/inhibitor studies indicate that activation of the JNK pathway seems to be most important.
The Drosophilaselenophosphate synthetase (selD) gene is required for development and cell proliferation
Authors: Serras Florenci , Morey Marta , Alsina Berta , Baguñà Jaume , Corominas Montserrat 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo study the function of selenoproteins in development and growth we have used a lethal mutation (selDptuf} of the Drosophila homologous selenophosphate synthetase (selD) gene. This enzyme is involved in the selenoprotein biosynthesis. The selDptuf loss‐of‐function mutation causes aberrant cell proliferation and differentiation patterns in the brain and imaginal discs, as deduced from genetic mosaics, patterns of gene expression and analysis of cell cycle markers. In addition to that, selenium metabolism is also necessary for the ras/MAPKinase signal tansduction pathway. Therefore, the use of Drosophila imaginal discs and brain and in particular the selDptuf mutation, provide an excellent model to investigate the role of selenoproteins in the regulation of cell proliferation, growth and differentiation.
An analysis of cancer prevention by selenium
Authors: Combs G. F. , Clark L. C. , Turnbull B. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe nutritional functions of selenium (Se) are recognized as being due to a number of Se‐containing proteins. It is not clear, however, whether any of these function in the anti‐tumorigenic effects of Se most of which have been demonstrated for Se exposures greater than those required for selenoprotein expression. Indeed, other anti‐tumorigenic mechanisms have been demonstrated for certain Se‐metabolites. The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial found supplemental Se (200 μg/day, as Se‐enriched yeast) to be associated with significant reductions in cancer risks in subjects with pre‐treatment plasma Se concentrations below ca. 120 ng/ml (1.5 nmoles/ml), which level would appear to require food‐Se intakes of ca. 1.5 μg/kg body weight/day. However, the putative anti‐carcinogenic Se‐metabolite(s) should be more relevant than total plasma Se as a supplementation target for cancer prevention. These may be components of the non‐protein‐bound fraction of Se in plasma, which constitutes 2–4% of total plasma Se.
Cloning of Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (PHGPx) as an anti‐apoptotic and growth promoting gene of Burkitt Lymphoma cells
Authors: Brielmeier M. , Béchet J.‐M. , Suppmann Sabine , Conrad M. , Laux G. , Bornkamm G. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBurkitt Lymphoma (BL) cells are highly sensitive to suboptimal growth conditions and undergo apoptosis when seeded at low cell density or reduced serum concentration. Irradiated fibroblasts or a mix of pruvate, α‐thioglycerol, and bathocuproine disulfonate can protect BL cells from apoptosis induced by lowering cell density or serum concentration by promoting cystine uptake in the cells. The availability of cystine is the limiting factor for glutathione biosynthesis in BL cells and thus for the ability of the cells to cope with oxidative stress. We have set up an expression cloning strategy to clone genes that protect BL cells from apoptosis induced by low cell density and/or serum. Using this approach we have cloned among others the cDNA for Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (PHGPx).
Selenium (Se) from high‐selenium broccoli is utilized differently than selenite, selenate and selenomethionine, but is more effective in inhibiting colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Finley John W. , Davis Cindy D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reduction in incidence of chemically‐induced colon cancer by foods high in selenium (Se) was investigated in Fisher‐344 rats. The foods used were high‐Se broccoli (produced in a greenhouse by addition of selenate to the media surrounding the plant roots) and a processed high‐Se wheat product (made by milling high‐Se wheat purchased from a seleniferous area). Weanling rats were fed diets containing different amounts of Se from these foods or from selenium salts (selenite and selenate). Early in the experiment the animals were injected with a chemical carcinogen. After 11 weeks on diets animals were killed and the colons examined for preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypts foci, ACF). ACF were significantly reduced in animals fed supra‐nutritional amounts of Se from broccoli, despite the finding that Se from broccoli was poorly bioavailable. Supra‐nutritional amounts of Se from high‐Se processed wheat also significantly reduced aberrant crypts (AC), although pure selenomethionine, (the predominant chemical form of Se in wheat), did not significantly reduce AC. These results emphasize the need to study Se in food forms, and not extrapolate from previous studies using pure chemical forms in cancer inhibition studies. They also demonstrate that foods with high Se bioavailability are not necessarily the most efficacious for cancer incidence reduction.
Glutathione peroxidase and viral replication: Implications for viral evolution and chemoprevention
Authors: Diamond Alan M. , Hu Ya Jun , Mansur David B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is likely that several of the biological effects of selenium are due to its effects on selenoprotein activity. While the effects of the anti‐oxidant selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx) on inhibiting HIV activation have been well documented, it is clear that increased expression of this enzyme can stimulate the replication and subsequent appearance of cytopathic effects associated with an acutely spreading HIV infection. The effects of GPx on both phases of the viral life cycle are likely mediated via its influence on signaling molecules that use reactive oxygen species, and similar influences on signaling pathways may account for some of the anti‐cancer effects of selenium. Similarly, selenium can alter mutagenesis rates in both viral genomes and the DNA of mammalian cells exposed to carcinogens. Comparisons between the effects of selenium and selenoproteins on viral infections and carcinogenesis may yield new insights into the mechanisms of action of this element.
Modulation of steroidogenesis by selenium in a novel adrenal cell line developed using targeted tumorigenesis
Authors: Chanoine Jean‐Pierre , Compagnone Nathalie A. , Wong Alfred C. K. , Mellon Synthia H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGlutathione peroxidase (GPx‐1) is a selenoenzyme that metabolizes H2O2, a source of potentially toxic free radicals. Steroidogenesis is markedly inhibited by H2O2 in vitro.Objective: to study the effects of selenium deficiency on GPx activity and adrenal steroidogenesis in a novel adrenal cell line developed using targeted tumorigenesis.Methods: AN4Rppc7 cells were grown for 7 days in serum‐free medium. 8‐Br‐cAMP‐stimulated concentrations of steroid hormones were measured by RIA. StAR (Steroid Acute Reactive Protein) mRNA was measured by Northern blot.Results: selenium deficiency caused a 99% There was a 51%, progesterone, corticosterone and aldosterone production, respectivelyp<0.05 by ANOVA). StAR mRNA was not affected by selenium.Conclusions: selenium deficiency causes a marked decrease in GPx activity. Decreased steroid hormone production occurs for selenium concentrations equal or lower than 5 nM. The absence of changes in StAR mRNA content suggests that selenium deficiency does not affect cholesterol access to the mitochondria.