bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective revaluation of the significance of thyroid microsomal antibody in the treatment of Graves' disease
Authors: Hamada Noboru , Ito Kunihiko , Mimura Takashi , Ishikawa Naofumi , Momotani Naoko , Noh Jaeduck , Hosoda Yasuhiro , Morii Hirotoshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The results of treatment were analyzed in relation to serum microsomal antibody (MCAb) titre before treatment in 1185 patients with Graves' disease. The percentage of patients who had ablative therapy because of poor response to antithyroid drug treatment was significantly greater in those with MCAb haemagglutination test (MCHA) titres greater than 1:25 000. With 131I treatment, the patients with MCHA titres greater than 1:6400 responded significantly less to therapy, although the analysis was done in 146 selected patients with certain defined radiation doses and small goitres. With surgical treatment, the percentage of the patients entering into remission was significantly smaller for patients with MCHA titres greater than 1:25 000, because of an increase in both hypothyroidism and relapses. The incidence of hypothyroidism was significantly higher in patients with marked lymphocyte infiltration and/or lymphoid follicles. The degree of these histological findings in Graves' disease was not marked in spite of high MCAb titre and it was significantly different from that in Hashimoto's disease when analyzed in relation to the MCHA titre.
These data indicate that in Graves' patients with high MCAb titre, remission is difficult to obtain by treatment, and suggest that the significance of MCAb is different in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease. The titre in Graves' disease may be one expression of the activity of this disease.
Induction of prolactin receptors in the liver is more closely related to the growth-promoting than to the lactogenic potency of peptides
Authors: Norstedt G. , Husman B. , Mode A. , Eneroth P. , Lewis U.J. , Gustafsson J.-Å. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The sex differentiated binding 125I-human prolactin (PRL) to rat liver membranes was studied and the present results extend our previous studies on induction of hepatic PRL receptors by growth hormone (GH). In prepubertal female rats, PRL receptor levels are low compared with those in mature female rat livers. Infusion of hGH during one week to 17-day-old female rats resulted in a receptor level typical of adult female rats. The time course of receptor disappearance in male rats treated with hGH was also studied. When the receptor-inducing hormone was removed, receptor levels in hGH-treated male rats returned to the normal level characteristic of male rats after approximately 96 h.
The specificity of various GH-like and PRL-like hormones in PRL receptor induction was studied in hypophysectomized rats. The PRL-like hormones were identified by measuring their potency to displace 125I-hPRL from a receptor preparation obtained from female rat livers, and the GH-like hormones were identified by their potency to increase body weight in hypophysectomized rats. Using similar doses of hormones it was found that in vivo administration of growth-promoting peptides (rGH, hGH, bGH) induced PRL receptors, whereas lactogenic hormones (rPRL, hPL) had a very small or no effect on PRL receptor induction. This suggests that binding to a type of GH receptor is the first step in PRL receptor induction.
The effect of oxytocin administration upon the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in humans
Authors: Amico Janet A. , Richardson Donald W. , Winters Stephen J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of iv administration of synthetic oxytocin upon the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion was studied in 5 healthy men and 10 healthy women. Five of the women were studied in the follicular phase of a menstrual cycle and the other 5 were studied in the luteal phase of a cycle. Synthetic oxytocin in 0.9% saline or saline alone was administered via continuous iv infusion for 8 h on 2 consecutive days. Infusions were administered using a double-blinded and radomized schedule. The rate of the oxytocin infusion commenced at 1 mU/min and was increased 1 mU/min every 40 min to a final rate of 12 mU/min. The plasma oxytocin concentration during oxytocin infusion ranged from 2–70 fmol/l. Blood for LH determination was sampled every 20 min in the 5 follicular phase women and every 10 min in the 5 men and 5 luteal phase women. The detect algorithm was used to analyze LH pulsatile secretion. Oxytocin infusion was without significant effect on mean LH, number of LH pulses, or area under the LH curve in men or women studied for the period of observation. Thus it is unlikely that increases in plasma oxytocin regulate the pulsatile secretion of LH in humans.
Lymphocytic sodium and potassium pump function in Bartter's syndrome
Authors: Jest P. , Pedersen K. E. , Klitgaard N. A. , Thomsen N. , Kjær E. , Simonsen E. , Jacobsen J. G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Bartter's syndrome is characterized by chronic hypokalaemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin system and normal blood pressure. To investigate whether a generalized disturbance of sodium-potassium pump function might be of pathogenetic importance, lymphocytic sodium-potassium homeostasis was examined in 5 patients suffering from Bartter's syndrome. Two of the patients were treated with potassium chloride supplementation, the others were without medical treatment when studied. All were severely hypokalemic (serum potassium 2.8 ± 0.24 mmol/l, mean ± sem). Lymphocyte sodium and potassium concentration (14.4 ± 0.37 and 94.4 ± 7.7 mmol/l, respectively), ouabain sensitive 22Na-efflux rate constant (2.68 ± 0.25 h −1), and absolute ouabain sensitive efflux rate (38.16 ± 4.2 mmol · I−1 · h−1) did not differ from matched controls. Ouabain binding capacity was 126900 ± 235000 sites/cell in the patients vs 50400 ± 17900 in controls (p <0.05). In conclusion, patients with Bartter's syndrome may have an intrinsic abnormal pump function, characterized by an increased pump density and a low cation turn-over rate per pump unit.
Heterogeneity of human luteinizing hormone. Discrimination between acidic and basic preparations
Authors: van Ginkel L. A. , Loeber J. G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The charge heterogeneity of an LH preparation containing relatively acidic components (LH Type I) was studied. Four biological active components, with pI-values of 5.04, 5.60, 6.06 and 6.57 were detected. A total of four different α-subunits, with pI-values of 4.49, 4.79, 5.16 and 6.02 could be detected after incubation at 37°C. With the exception of the most acidic component all these α-subunits were also present in earlier studied LH Type II preparations. After neuraminidase treatment a strong shift to more basic components was observed, resulting in a population of components similar to the one detected in LH Type II preparations. The β-subunits detected were very different from those observed in Type II preparations. All six components detected had pI-values < 7.5. Upon incubation at 56°C these subunits appeared to be unstable resulting in a shift to more basic pI-values, these pI-values being very similar to those of β-subunits observed before in Type II preparations. After neuraminidase treatment, the pH values of the population of β-subunits became identical to those of the population in LH Type II. From these results it is concluded that the major charge difference between LH Type I and Type II is located in the β-subunits. This difference cannot be explained completely by differences in sialic acid content, but may also be due to heat labile charged groups such as sulphate.
Plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone responses to angiotensin II and corticotropin in diabetic patients with hyporeninemic and normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism
Authors: Iwasaki Ryoji , Kigoshi Toshikazu , Uchida Kenzo , Morimoto Shinpei 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
To examine the nature of adrenal abnormalities in diabetic patients with hyporeninemic and normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism, responses of plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone and plasma aldosterone to angiotensin II infusions and ACTH injection were investigated in 8 diabetic patients with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and 9 diabetic patients with normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism compared to 11 control subjects. In both the patients with hyporeninemic and normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism, plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone and plasma aldosterone were low, whereas plasma cortisol and plasma corticosterone were within normal ranges. Percent increments of plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone and plasma aldosterone above their baseline levels after angiotensin II infusions were low or somewhat low in the patients with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and low in the patients with normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism. Percent increments of plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone and plasma aldosterone above their baseline levels after ACTH injection were similar in the three groups. These results suggest that in diabetic patients with isolated hypoaldosteronism, the adrenal abnormality, regardless of whether it is primary or secondary, is mainly due to impaired adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II and atrophy of the zona glomerulosa.
The role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of thyrotropin
Authors: Brabant Angela , Brabant Georg , Schuermeyer Thomas , Ranft Ulrich , Schmidt Friedrich W. , Hesch Rolf D. , von zur Mühlen Alexander 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The potentially inhibitory action of endogenous or exogenous synthetic glucocorticoids on TSH secretion was investigated. Pulsatile and circadian TSH and cortisol rhythms were measured in healthy subjects (12 rhythms), but no correlation between the hormones could be detected. Acute stimulation of endogenous cortisol secretion by CRH tests (1 μg/kg of ovine CRH) at 20.00 h in 9 healthy volunteers did not significantly alter the nightly increase in TSH. Chronic elevation of endogenous cortisol serum levels in patients with Cushing's disease revealed a heterogeneous pattern. In 2 patients serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels showed a normal 24-h rhythm, whereas the other 2 patients had low TSH serum levels. Acute treatment of 9 healthy volunteers with 0.5, 1 or 2 mg dexamethasone po at 23.00 h resulted in a significant dose-dependent suppression of mean basal TSH levels 9 h later. Treatment with 30mg of prednisone for 1 week in 7 patients with Crohn's disease did not influence basal TSH. The TSH response to TRH was only temporarily suppressed on day 3, but not on day 7 of treatment. The results suggest that under physiological conditions glucocorticoids have no regulatory influence on pulsatile and circadian TSH secretion.
Assignment of estradiol-17β dehydrogenase and of estrone reductase to cytoplasmic structures of porcine endometrium cells
Authors: Adamski J. , Sierralta W. D. , Jungblut P. W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Homogenates of porcine endometrium contain substantial activity for the dehydrogenation of estradiol-17β but little for estrone reduction. Both activities are associated with cytoplasmic structures. The dehydrogenase is characterized by a pH 7.7 optimum, Km 2.2 × 10−7 mol/l for estradiol and Km 4.4 × 10−5 mol/l for the cosubstrate NAD+. The corresponding figures for the reductase are pH 6.6, Km 1.1 × 10−6 mol/1 for estrone and Km 2.1 × 10−5 mol/l for the cosubstrate NADPH. The (mitochondrial/lysosomal) 17 000 × g particulate fraction contains a 52-fold higher dehydrogenase than reductase activity. The (microsomal) 200000 × g particulate fraction is only 16-fold richer in dehydrogenase. Isopycnic centrifugations of the two fractions in Percoll gradients reveal that estrone reductase and the coequilibrating marker enzyme cytochrome c reductase occur in constant proportions, whereas the dehydrogenase/cytochrome c reductase ratios are different. Both, the kinetic data and the structural assignments speak in favour of individual enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of estradiol and the reduction of estrone. All gradient fractions exhibiting dehydrogenase activity feature small, electrondense vesicles of 0.15–0.20 μm in diameter as a common structural element which might harbour the dehydrogenase.
Prolonged fasting or clonidine can restore the defective growth hormone secretion in old dogs
Authors: Cella Silvano G. , Moiraghi Valerio , Minuto Francesco , Barreca Antonina , Cocchi Daniela , Colonna Vito De Gennaro , Reina Giuseppe , Müller Eugenio E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Age-related changes in GH secretion were studied in the dog. In preliminary experiments, administration of GH-relasing hormone (GHRH-40, 2 μg/kg, iv) or the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (4 μg/kg, iv) elicited significantly higher plasma GH rises in 3 to 4 years old than in 10 to 14 years old beagle dogs. The pulsatile patterns of GH secretion in both young and old dogs under baseline conditions and after prolonged fasting or clonidine administration were studied. Samples were taken every 10 min from 09.00 to 15.00 h from five young and five old dogs of both sexes. Under baseline conditions, GH peak frequency, total peak area, and integrated GH secretion were significantly lower in old than in young dogs. In old dogs, 5-day complete fasting or 14-day clonidine administration (75 μg/dog, po, twice daily) increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous GH bursts, the total peak area, and the integrated GH secretion. After either stimulus, the GH secretory pattern was quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable from that of young dogs under baseline conditions. Similarly, the foregoing indices were significantly increased in young dogs by either stimulus, except for the inability of clonidine to affect peak frequency. These data demonstrate that the defective GH secretion in old dogs is not irreversible, since it is normalized when old dogs are exposed to central nervous system-directed stimuli.
Antithyroid antibodies during amiodarone treatment
Authors: Foresti Valeriano , Pepe Roberto , Parisio Elena , Scolari Nadia , Zubani Roberto , Bianco Marina 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In 44 euthyroid and goitre-free patients, 23 treated with amiodarone (group A) and 21 treated with other antiarrhythmic drugs (group B), antimicrosomal antibodies and antithyroglobulin antibodies were determined before the beginning of treatment and after 7, 15, 30, 60, and 180 days. In group A, none of the patients had antithyroid antibodies before treatment, 1 of 15 patients (6.7%) had antimicrosomal antibodies (titre 1:100) on day 7 only, and 1 of 18 (5.5%) had antithyroglobulin antibodies (titre 1:80) on day 180. In group B, 1 of 21 patients (4.8%) had antimicrosomal antibodies (IgG class) at titre 1:400 before the beginning of treatment, which was negative on day 180, and 2 of 17 (11.8%) had antimicrosomal antibodies (titre 1:100) on day 60 only. None of these patients showed clinical and/or laboratory signs of hyperor hypothyroidism. These data indicated that antithyroid antibodies rarely appear in amiodarone-treated patients and do not differ significantly from patients treated with other antiarrhythmic drugs. The role of autoimmunity and the meaning of antithyroid antibodies in the pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction (mainly of hypothyroidism) in patients without pre-existent thyroid diseases is still unclear.
Mechanisms of increased sensitivity for detection of thyroid stimulating antibodies by use of hypotonic medium
Authors: Kasagi Kanji , Hidaka Akinari , Hatabu Hiroto , Lu Chao , Misaki Takashi , Iida Yasuhiro , Konishi Junji 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We have attempted to clarify the mechanism whereby the sensitivity to detect thyroid stimulating antibodies by use of cultured thyroid cells is enhanced when sodium chloride is removed from isotonic medium. Preexposure of cultured porcine thyroid cells to 10−4 mol/l cycloheximide increased the subsequent cAMP response to TSab stimulation in isotonic NaCl medium, but not in hypotonic NaCl-free medium. Crude membrane fractions from porcine thyroid tissues were incubated with 6 Graves' IgGs in NaCl or NaCl-free medium at 37°C for 1 h, centrifuged, washed, added [125I]TSH, and incubated for another hour. The result of the 'residual TBII assay' indicated that all 6 IgGs exhibited greater inhibition of [125I]TSH binding to the membranes when pre-incubated under hypotonic than isotonic conditions. When cultured porcine thyroid cells were incubated with 7 TSab samples in NaCl or NaCl-free medium depleted with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine at 37°C for 1 h, washed, added the NaCl-free medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and incubated for another 2 h, the use of NaCl-free medium during the pre-incubation resulted in greater increase in cAMP elicited by all 7 samples. In summary, 1) an inhibitory mechanism upon adenylate cyclase seems to be involved under isotonic conditions and may require new protein synthesis; 2) the binding of TSH receptor antibodies to the TSH receptor increases when NaCl is removed from isotonic medium, and 3) these factors are considered responsible for the enhanced sensitivity under hypotonic conditions.
Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of a virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Verhelst Johan A. , Druwé Patrick , van Erps Peter , Denis Louis J. , Mahler Charles 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Ketoconazole, an oral antimycotic agent, is known to have a potent inhibitory effect on adrenal steroid production. It was given at a dose of 1200 mg/day to a 52-year-old female patient with a virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma in order to achieve better metabolic control pre-operatively. Together with a rapid normalisation of hypertension and hyperglycemia, a dramatic fall was noticed in serum and urinary adrenal steroids after a few days. Levels of total testosterone (20 nmol/l), androstenedione (>35 nmol/l) and DHEA-sulphate (>28 nmol/l) fell to normal levels in 6 days. By contrast, levels of 17-OH-progesterone (30 nmol/l) and progesterone (2.45 nmol/l) increased slightly, indicating inhibition af adrenal 17,20-lyase. Cortisol (620 nmol/l at 08.00 h) fell to very low levels (50 nmol/l) on day 6 of the trial. We conclude that ketoconazole is very effective in suppression of adrenal tumoural steroidogenesis and merits consideration in pre-operative use. We warn against dangerous hypoadrenalism which seems to occur earlier in tumoural than in normal adrenal metabolism.
The effects of pulsatile GnRH infusion upon the diurnal variations in serum LH and testosterone in pre-pubertal and pubertal boys
Authors: Gordon Derek , Gray Christina E. , Beastall Graham H. , Thomson John A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exogenous GnRH pulsatile infusions on the diurnal variations of LH and testosterone secretion which occur in late pre-puberty and early puberty. GnRH infusions were administered to 12 short stature males in pre-puberty or early puberty, over 6-day periods. In 6 patients, GnRH doses of 2.5, 7.5 and 15 μg/pulse were used and 24-h profiles of serum LH and testosterone were measured before and at the end of the infusions. In the remaining 6 patients GnRH was administered at a dose of 7.5 μg/pulse and profiles between 21.00 and 06.00 h the following day were determined. Pre-infusion profiles demonstrated nocturnal LH and testosterone rises in all patients. Median pre-infusion serum LH prior to midnight was 2.2 U/l (range 1.0–5.4) rising to 3.7 U/l (range 1.9–10.7) during GnRH administration (p < 0.005). After midnight, median pre-treatment serum LH concentration was 4.3 U/l (range 2.7–7.5) which remained unaltered by GnRH administration (median 4.8 U/l, range 2.9–7.9, p > 0.05). Median pre-therapy serum testosterone before midnight was 0.8 nmol/l (range 0.1−7.1) rising significantly (p < 0.05) to 4.1 nmol/l (range 0.2–8.0). Following therapy, post-midnight median serum testosterone rose from 4.8 (range 0.4–9.4) to 7.0 nmol/l (range 0.5–13.9, p > 0.05). Diurnal variation in LH and testosterone secretion, therefore, is maintained during exogenous GnRH administration to pre-pubertal and pubertal boys. Response to exogenous GnRH pulses may be significantly influenced by endogenous GnRH.
Stimulatory and inhibitory influences of serum from pregnant women on aromatase activity of immature rat Sertoli cells
Authors: Simoni M. , Khan S. A. , De Geyter Ch. , Nieschlag E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Effects of serum from pregnant women on basal and FSH (or cAMP) stimulated aromatase activity of immature rat Sertoli cells in primary culture were studied. Pregnancy serum caused a dose-dependent stimulation of Sertoli cell aromatase activity and the response curves were parallel to those obtained with human FSH. This stimulatory (FSH-like) activity increased progressively during pregnancy, with a sharp drop immediately after delivery. However, the FSH-like bioactivity was not associated with immunoreactive FSH when a specific radioimmunoassay was employed. On the other hand, serum from pregnant women caused a dose-dependent inhibition of FSH and dibutyryl-cAMP-stimulated aromatase activity. These data suggest that human pregnancy serum contains factor(s) which may stimulate basal aromatase activity of Sertoli cells and may inhibit FSH-induced aromatase activity. These factors, most probably of placental origin, may play a role in the regulation of estrogen production during gestation.
Measurement of nocturnal urinary growth hormone values
Authors: Sukegawa Izumi , Hizuka Naomi , Takano Kazue , Asakawa Kumiko , Horikawa Reiko , Hashida Seiichi , Ishikawa Eiji , Mohri Zen-ichi , Murakami Yoshiaki , Shizume Kazuo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Nocturnal urinary growth hormone values were measured by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay in normal adults, patients with GH deficiency, patients with Turner's syndrome, normal but short children who had normal plasma GH responses to provocative tests, and patients with acromegaly. The mean nocturnal urinary GH values in patients with acromegaly were significantly greater than those in normal adults (1582.3 ± 579.8 vs 53.5 ± 8.6 pmol/mmol creatinine (± sem); p < 0.05). In the normal but short children and patients with Turner's syndrome, the mean nocturnal urinary GH values were 83.1 ± 5.2 and 79.8 ± 29.5 pmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. In patients with GH deficiency, the nocturnal urinary GH values were undetectable (< 5.3 pmol/mmol creatinine) except in one patient where the value was 6.3 pmol/mmol creatinine. The nocturnal urinary GH values of the patients with GH deficiency were significantly lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). In normal but short children, the nocturnal urinary GH values correlated significantly with mean plasma nocturnal GH concentrations (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), and 24-hour urinary GH values (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), respectively. In 4 patients with GH deficiency who had circulating anti-hGH antibody, the urinary GH values were also undectable. These data indicate that nocturnal urinary GH value reflects endogenous GH secretion during collection time, and that measurement of the nocturnal urinary GH values is a useful method for screening of patients with GH deficiency and acromegaly.