bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with sleep quality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A longitudinal study
Authors: Yang Ting‐Hui , Lin Hsuan‐Hua , Hsu Hung‐Lung , Chiou Ai‐Fu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep quality is associated with multiple factors in cardiac surgery patients.AimTo examine the trajectory of sleep quality and its associated factors over 3 months in Taiwanese patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Study DesignA longitudinal study. This study enrolled 95 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in northern Taiwan. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale before surgery, at discharge, and at 1 month and 3 months postsurgery.ResultsThe majority of participants reported poor sleep quality before cardiac surgery (76.8%) and at discharge (81.6%), and they showed significant improvements in sleep quality at 1 month (B = −0.93, p = .023) and 3 months postsurgery (B = −1.50, p < .001). Significant daytime sleepiness was reported by 25.3% of patients before cardiac surgery, and this proportion significantly decreased at 3 months postsurgery (B = −2.59, p < .001). The significant predictors of sleep quality in cardiac surgery patients were symptom distress, sleep medications, occupation, left ventricular ejection fraction, ACE‐I drugs and potassium ions, which explained 53.7% of the total variance in sleep quality. Having a nap habit was an independent predictor of daytime sleepiness in cardiac surgery patients, which could explain 3.7% of the total variation.ConclusionPoor sleep quality was common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and was associated with multiple factors, including symptom distress, cardiac function, medications, and psychosocial and environmental factors.Relevance to Clinical PracticePoor sleep quality was observed in cardiac surgical patients before surgery and at discharge postsurgery. Patient education on symptom management, medication adherence and sleep hygiene are suggested to improve sleep quality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Pace setting as an adaptive precursor of rhythmic musicality
Authors: Qirko Hector 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman musicality (the capacity to make and appreciate music) is difficult to explain in evolutionary terms, though many theories attempt to do so. This paper focuses on musicality's potential adaptive precursors, particularly as related to rhythm. It suggests that pace setting for walking and running long distances over extended time periods (endurance locomotion, EL) is a good candidate for an adaptive building block of rhythmic musicality. The argument is as follows: (1) over time, our hominin lineage developed a host of adaptations for efficient EL; (2) the ability to set and maintain a regular pace was a crucial adaptation in the service of EL, providing proximate rewards for successful execution; (3) maintaining a pace in EL occasioned hearing, feeling, and attending to regular rhythmic patterns; (4) these rhythmic patterns, as well as proximate rewards for maintaining them, became disassociated from locomotion and entrained in new proto‐musical contexts. Support for the model and possibilities for generating predictions to test it are discussed.
Retinal and choroidal structure and vascularity in Chinese emmetropic and myopic children
Authors: Liu Zhuzhu , Liu Maria , Gou Huaixue , Li Haoru , Sui Jinyuan , Bai Yang , He Meinan , Liu Xinyang , Wei Ruihua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the structural features of the retinal and choroidal regions and their correlations with ocular biometric and vascular parameters in Chinese children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsA total of 159 children, 6–13 years of age, were included in this prospective study. The sample consisted of 55 emmetropes (spherical equivalent ≤ +0.75 and > −0.50 D), 53 low‐moderate myopes (≤ −0.50 to > −6.00 D) and 51 high myopes without pathological changes (≤ −6.00 D). Optical coherence biometry was used to measure axial length (AL) and anterior segment parameters. Swept‐source optical coherence tomography/OCTA was used to assess the macular structures and vascular characteristics in a 6 × 6 mm region centred on the macula.ResultsIn a comprehensive analysis adjusting for age, sex, AL, macular blood perfusion, intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters, retinal thickness (RT) showed a significant positive association with deep retinal vascular density and superficial retinal vascular density in the foveal area, but not with AL. Moreover, RT exhibited a significant negative association with AL in the parafoveal and perifoveal regions. Further, a significant positive correlation was observed between choroidal thickness and both choroidal vascular volume and choriocapillaris perfusion area, along with a negative correlation with AL across the entire macular region.ConclusionsThis study showed that the thickness of retina and choroid in Chinese children was not only associated with AL but also showed dynamic properties such as the blood perfusion of the retina and choroid, particularly in the foveal area.
Clarifying relations of emotion regulation, emotional avoidance and anxiety symptoms in a community‐based treatment‐seeking sample
Authors: Bock Rachel C. , Baker Lucas D. , Kalantar Emily A. , Berghoff Christopher R. , Stroman Joel C. , Gratz Kim L. , Tull Matthew T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesAnxiety is a global problem that is readily treatable with psychosocial interventions, though many individuals do not benefit following participation in extant treatment protocols. Accordingly, clarification of process‐related variables that may be leveraged to enhance outcomes appears warranted. Emotion regulation (ER) is a robust correlate of anxiety symptoms and is often targeted in behavioural treatments applied to anxiety‐related problems. Yet, some evidence suggests ER difficulties may be a proxy variable for emotional avoidance (EA). Clarifying the relative influence of ER and EA on anxiety symptom severity may improve specificity in targeting behavioural processes within psychosocial treatments designed to alleviate anxiety‐related suffering. Accordingly, we examined relations of ER and EA to anxiety symptom severity after accounting for anxiety sensitivity and anxiolytic medication use in a community‐based treatment‐seeking sample.DesignA four‐step hierarchical linear regression analysis of cross‐sectional data provided by a community‐based treatment‐seeking sample.MethodsTotally, 120 participants (Mage = 39.18; Female = 58.3%) completed a questionnaire packet upon intake to an anxiety disorders clinic.ResultsEA and ER were strongly correlated, and each accounted for significant variance over and above model covariates. EA was a dominant risk factor for anxiety symptom severity, as ER was not a significant predictor (p = .073) following the inclusion of EA in the model (p = .006).ConclusionsEA appears to be a dominant risk factor, and ER a proxy risk factor, for anxiety symptom severity. EA may be an avenue for greater treatment specificity for those with anxiety symptoms.
Emerging therapeutic strategies for metastatic uveal melanoma: Targeting driver mutations
Authors: Liu Xiao‐lian , Run‐hua Zhou , Pan Jing‐xuan , Li Zhi‐jie , Yu Le , Li Yi‐lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults. Although primary UM can be effectively controlled, a significant proportion of cases (40% or more) eventually develop distant metastases, commonly in the liver. Metastatic UM remains a lethal disease with limited treatment options. The initiation of UM is typically attributed to activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11. The elucidation of the downstream pathways such as PKC/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Hippo‐YAP have provided potential therapeutic targets. Concurrent mutations in BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) or splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) are considered crucial for the acquisition of malignant potential. Furthermore, in preclinical studies, actionable targets associated with BAP1 loss or oncogenic mutant SF3B1 have been identified, offering promising avenues for UM treatment. This review aims to summarize the emerging targeted and epigenetic therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM carrying specific driver mutations and the potential of combining these approaches with immunotherapy, with particular focus on those in upcoming or ongoing clinical trials.
Unresectable infantile myofibroma discovered in utero
Authors: Gurley Shannon , Friedman Ben J. , Shwayder Tor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe authors present a case of a proliferative nodule located beneath an infant's lower lip that was initially discovered on prenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biopsy revealed a smooth muscle actin‐positive spindled cell proliferation with hemangiopericytoma‐like vessels consistent with infantile myofibromatosis (IM). Since the location prevented surgical management, the clinicians opted to observe the lesion. Ultimately, the lesion fully regressed on its own confirming conservative management is an option for isolated IM.
Pediatric dermatofibromas: Truncal predominance in younger children
Authors: Kelly Brenna G. , Joyce Joel C. , Liegl Melodee A. , Pan Amy , Wanat Karolyn A. , Lalor Leah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPediatric dermatofibromas are considered rare in young children and have not been well characterized, often misdiagnosed clinically. We performed a retrospective case series of children younger than 18 years with histopathologically diagnosed dermatofibromas at our institutions and evaluated age at onset and diagnosis, sex, lesion location, and size, associated symptoms, change over time, and pre‐biopsy diagnosis. Overall, dermatofibromas were most common on the back and chest (20/53; 38%), followed by the legs (15/53; 28%) and arms (12/53; 23%) with the most common pre‐biopsy diagnosis of “cyst” (23/53; 43%), followed by dermatofibroma (16/53; 30%), and pilomatricoma (12/53; 23%). Our study reinforces previous findings of truncal predominance of pediatric dermatofibromas, different from adults.
Inter‐reporter differences in symptom burdens in Japanese children with cancer
Authors: Hayase Tomomi , Mieno Makiko Naka , Mori Naoko , Yuza Yuki , Sano Hirozumi , Osone Shinya , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Ashiarai Miho , Fukushima Keitaro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies about inter‐reporter differences and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in childhood cancer from Western countries showed that caregiver proxy reports tend to overestimate symptom burdens in comparison with children's self‐reports. However, the results from Western countries may not be generalizable to Asian countries.MethodsThis paper is a secondary analysis of a validation study of the Japanese pediatric version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale including 88 dyads of children aged 7–12 years and 74 dyads of children aged 13–18 years and their caregivers. The study assessed the inter‐reporter differences of eight and 31 symptom burdens calculated as symptom scores in children aged 7–12 years and 13–18 years, respectively, and the association between inter‐reporter differences and the characteristics of children and caregivers.ResultsThe majority of children and caregivers scored equally at the dyadic level for almost all symptoms. However, 37.5% of symptoms in children aged 7–12 years and 10.0% of symptoms in children aged 13–18 years showed significant inter‐reporter differences, suggesting a general tendency of caregivers to underestimate their children's symptom burden. The caregiver's age was the characteristic most frequently associated with magnitude of inter‐reporter differences.ConclusionsCaregiver proxy reports may be a reliable source of PROs in Japanese children with cancer, as self‐reported and caregiver proxy‐reported symptom burdens were generally concordant. However, as some significant inter‐reporter differences were observed, an effort should be made within the medical community to evaluate the parent–child relationship to minimize inter‐reporter differences and achieve better symptom management.
Examining the relationship between subtypes of rumination and non‐suicidal self‐injury: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Cheung Joey C. , Sorgi‐Wilson Kristen M. , Ciesinski Nicole K. , McCloskey Michael S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent maladaptive behavior, often used to cope with intense negative affect. Rumination is an emotion regulation strategy that leads to fixation on and exacerbation of (typically) negative affective states. However, studies examining the relationship between rumination and NSSI have yielded mixed results, showing high degrees of heterogeneity.MethodsThe present study conducted meta‐analyses (k = 50) of the association between overall rumination and NSSI, and independent meta‐analyses for each of four subtypes of rumination (general, depressive, brooding, reflection rumination). Potential moderators that may influence the magnitude of these relationships were also examined.ResultsA small‐to‐moderate positive association between rumination and NSSI was found independent of rumination subtype. Moderating effects included NSSI outcome measure and study design for overall rumination and general rumination, respectively. Race was found to moderate the relationships between both brooding and depressive rumination and NSSI, though in inverse directions. An analysis of effect heterogeneity across studies suggested that undetected moderators may be present.ConclusionResults of this study support the relationships between rumination subtypes and NSSI and identify factors that may impact these relationships. Continued research is needed to understand this association, particularly in more varied subtypes of rumination and cognitive‐affective moderators.
High‐resolution bulked segregant analysis enables candidate gene identification for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)
Authors: Goettelmann Florian , Chen Yutang , Knorst Verena , Yates Steven , Copetti Dario , Studer Bruno , Kölliker Roland 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYBacterial wilt, caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg), is a serious disease of economically important forage grasses, including Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). A major QTL for resistance to Xtg was previously identified, but the precise location as well as the genetic factors underlying the resistance are yet to be determined. To this end, we applied a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach, using whole‐genome deep sequencing of pools of the most resistant and most susceptible individuals of a large (n = 7484) biparental F2 population segregating for resistance to Xtg. Using chromosome‐level genome assemblies as references, we were able to define a ~300 kb region highly associated with resistance on pseudo‐chromosome 4. Further investigation of this region revealed multiple genes with a known role in disease resistance, including genes encoding for Pik2‐like disease resistance proteins, cysteine‐rich kinases, and RGA4‐ and RGA5‐like disease resistance proteins. Investigation of allele frequencies in the pools and comparative genome analysis in the grandparents of the F2 population revealed that some of these genes contain variants with allele frequencies that correspond to the expected heterozygosity in the resistant grandparent. This study emphasizes the efficacy of combining BSA studies in very large populations with whole genome deep sequencing and high‐quality genome assemblies to pinpoint regions associated with a binary trait of interest and accurately define a small set of candidate genes. Furthermore, markers identified in this region hold significant potential for marker‐assisted breeding strategies to breed resistance to Xtg in Italian ryegrass cultivars more efficiently.
Recurrent episodes of oral mite anaphylaxis in a dog
Authors: Beehler Michelle K. , Painter Meagan R. , Peck Courtney M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and response to management of a dog with presumed oral mite anaphylaxis.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old male intact Golden Retriever was evaluated for a history of recurrent anaphylactic episodes. Over a period of 19 months, the dog had a total of 8 anaphylactic episodes that occurred in 2 different residences within the same state. The episodes most commonly resulted in vomiting and labored breathing, but the dog developed ascites, hypotension, and gall bladder wall edema during the most severe episodes. Serological testing demonstrated high immunoglobulin E levels to storage mites (SMs), specifically Tyrophagus SM. The dog's kibble was transitioned to being stored in small quantities in airtight containers in the freezer. At the time of publication, the dog has not had an anaphylactic reaction since making this change 1 year ago.New or Unique Information ProvidedBased on a literature search and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that SMs have been associated with severe recurrent anaphylaxis in a dog.
A method for teaching depth of corneal lesions using a portable slit lamp (biomicroscope)
Authors: Ford Marnie M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel, simple, and inexpensive model for teaching depth of lesions within the cornea using slit lamp biomicroscopy to veterinary students, ophthalmology residents, and general clinicians with access to a slit lamp biomicroscope is described. Using common laboratory items, this method can be created in any clinic and can be used to teach and quiz students through independent study with objective self‐testing achieved.
Rational Cuntz states peak on the free disk algebra
Authors: Martin Robert T. W. , Shamovich Eli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe apply realization theory of noncommutative (NC) rational multipliers of the Fock space, or free Hardy space of square–summable power series in several noncommuting variables to the convex analysis of states on the Cuntz algebra. We show, in particular, that a large class of Cuntz states that arise as the “NC Clark measures” of isometric NC rational multipliers are peak states for Popescu's free disk algebra in the sense of Clouâtre and Thompson.
Constructing Galois representations with prescribed Iwasawa λ$\lambda$‐invariant
Authors: Ray Anwesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLet be a prime number. We consider the Iwasawa ‐invariants associated to modular Bloch–Kato Selmer groups, considered over the cyclotomic ‐extension of . Let be a ‐ordinary cuspidal newform of weight 2 and trivial nebentype. We assume that the ‐invariant of vanishes, and that the image of the residual representation associated to is suitably large. We show that for any number greater than or equal to the ‐invariant of , there are infinitely many newforms that are ‐congruent to , with ‐invariant equal to . We also prove quantitative results regarding the levels of such modular forms with prescribed ‐invariant.
Right ventricular performance during acute hypoxic exercise
Authors: Forbes Lindsay M. , Bull Todd M. , Lahm Tim , Sisson Tyler , O'Gean Katie , Lawley Justin S. , Hunter Kendall , Levine Benjamin D. , Lovering Andrew , Roach Robert C. , Subudhi Andrew W. , Cornwell William K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcute hypoxia increases pulmonary arterial (PA) pressures, though its effect on right ventricular (RV) function is controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize exertional RV performance during acute hypoxia. Ten healthy participants (34 ± 10 years, 7 males) completed three visits: visits 1 and 2 included non‐invasive normoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen () = 0.21) and isobaric hypoxic ( = 0.12) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to determine normoxic/hypoxic maximal oxygen uptake (). Visit 3 involved invasive haemodynamic assessments where participants were randomized 1:1 to either Swan–Ganz or conductance catheterization to quantify RV performance via pressure–volume analysis. Arterial oxygen saturation was determined by blood gas analysis from radial arterial catheterization. During visit 3, participants completed invasive submaximal CPET testing at 50% normoxic and again at 50% hypoxic ( = 0.12). Median (interquartile range) values for non‐invasive values during normoxic and hypoxic testing were 2.98 (2.43, 3.66) l/min and 1.84 (1.62, 2.25) l/min, respectively (P < 0.0001). Mean PA pressure increased significantly when transitioning from rest to submaximal exercise during normoxic and hypoxic conditions (P = 0.0014). Metrics of RV contractility including preload recruitable stroke work, dP/dtmax, and end‐systolic pressure increased significantly during the transition from rest to exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Ventricular–arterial coupling was maintained during normoxic exercise at 50% . During submaximal exercise at 50% of hypoxic , ventricular–arterial coupling declined but remained within normal limits. In conclusion, resting and exertional RV functions are preserved in response to acute exposure to hypoxia at an = 0.12 and the associated increase in PA pressures.
imageKey points
The healthy right ventricle augments contractility, lusitropy and energetics during periods of increased metabolic demand (e.g. exercise) in acute hypoxic conditions.
During submaximal exercise, ventricular–arterial coupling decreases but remains within normal limits, ensuring that cardiac output and systemic perfusion are maintained.
These data describe right ventricular physiological responses during submaximal exercise under conditions of acute hypoxia, such as occurs during exposure to high altitude and/or acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
Analytical Modeling of Water Droplet Behavior at the Gas Channel Corner for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Qiu Diankai , Xu Zhutian , Shao Heng , Peng Linfa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Water management is of significant importance to achieving high performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In recent years, droplets emerged from the rib surface and accumulated at the channel corner have been found to be a crucial part of water flooding. In this study, an analytical model is first proposed to quantitatively estimate the variation in the morphology and dynamic behavior of growing droplets with consideration of the channel sidewall interaction. In order to predict the water geometry, the flow channel with compressed gas diffusion layer (GDL) is described mathematically, and water behavior at steady-state and dynamic state are both evaluated through the geometric and force analysis. The model results indicate that the droplet profile transforms from concave to convex when its size grows, in which process contact angles and channel shape play an important role. Compared with the graphite channel, the droplet in the metallic channel is more inclined to be adsorbed on the sidewall and GDL, resulting in a higher adhesion force and a lower gas shear force. The critical gas velocities for the detachment of droplets are quantitatively predicted to avoid water flooding. The model is helpful to understand the droplet behavior in the presence of channel sidewall interaction.