bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence of road runoff generation in a logged catchment in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ziegler Alan D. , Negishi Junjiro N. , Sidle Roy C. , Gomi Takashi , Noguchi Shoji , Nik Abdul Rahim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMeasurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and diagnostic model simulations show that all types of logging road/trail in the 14·4 ha Bukit Tarek Experimental Catchment 3 (BTEC3) generate substantial Horton overland flow (HOF) during most storms, regardless of design and level of trafficking. Near‐surfaceKs(0–0·05 m) on the main logging road, skid trails and newly constructed logging terraces was less than 1, 2 and 34 mm h−1, respectively. Near‐surfaceKson an abandoned skid trail in an adjacent basin was higher (62 mm h−1), owing to the development of a thin organic‐rich layer on the running surface over the past 40 years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measured at 0·25 m below the surface of all roads was not different (all <6 mm h−1) and corresponded to theKsof the adjacent hillslope subsoil, as most roads were excavated into the regolith more than 0·5–1 m. After 40 years, only limited recovery in near‐surfaceKsoccurred on the abandoned skid trail. This road generated HOF after the storage capacity of the upper near‐surface layer was exceeded during events larger than about 20 mm. Thus, excavation into low‐Kssubstrate had a greater influence on the persistence of surface runoff production than did surface compaction by machinery during construction and subsequent use during logging operations. Overland flow on BTEC3 roads was also augmented by the interception of shallow subsurface flow traveling along the soil–saprolite/bedrock interface and return flow emerging from the cutbank through shallow biogenic pipes. The most feasible strategy for reducing long‐term road‐related impacts in BTEC3 is limiting the depth of excavation and designing a more efficient road network, including minimizing the length and connectivity of roads and skid trails. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of two‐dimensional laminar slot‐jet impingement flows confined by a parallel wall
Authors: Sivasamy A. , Selladurai V. , Rajesh Kanna P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional laminar incompressible impinging slot‐jet is simulated numerically to gain insight into flow characteristics.Computations are done for vertically downward‐directed slot‐jets impinging on a plate at the bottom and confined by a parallel surface on top. The behaviour of the jet with respect to aspect ratio (AR) and
Reynolds number (Re) are described in detail. The computed flow patterns for various AR (2–5) and for a range of jet‐exit Reynolds numbers (100–500) are analysed to understand the flow characteristics. The transient development of the flow is also simulated for AR = 4 and Re = 300. It is found that the reattachment length is dependent on both AR and Reynolds number for the range considered. The correlation for reattachment length is suggested. The maximum resultant velocity Vrmax and its trajectory is reported. A detailed study of horizontal velocity profile at different downstream locations is reported. It is found that the effect of Reynolds number and AR is significant to the bottom wall vorticity in the impingement and wall jet regions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endonasal endoscopic resection and radiotherapy in olfactory neuroblastoma: Our experience
Authors: Castelnuovo Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Delù Giovanni , Battaglia Paolo , Bignardi Mario , Dallan Iacopo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a bimodal method of treatment consisting in endoscopic resection followed by radiotherapy in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ON).Methods.This is a retrospective review on 10 patients with ON treated at a tertiary referral center. All the patients were treated with endonasal endoscopic resection, and 1 refused postoperative radiotherapy.Results.No mortality was observed. Local tumor control was obtained in all the patients. Follow‐up ranged from 15 to 79 months (median, 37 months). One patient developed a regional recurrence and for this was treated with bilateral, modified type III radical neck dissection plus radiotherapy on the neck. All patients regained a good quality of life after the treatment.Conclusions.This method of treatment causes minimal injury to the patients, reduces side effects, and improves the quality of life of those with olfactory neuroblastoma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery complicating CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in an irradiated, surgical bed
Authors: Oh John C. , Weber Randal S. , Bagley Linda J. , Loevner Laurie A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground.CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe procedure, but major complications can occur rarely. Pseudoaneurysm rupture in the head and neck region following CT‐guided FNA is an emergency that can result in life‐threatening hemorrhage. This case emphasizes the salient risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation and rupture in the head and neck region following CT‐guided FNA.Methods.A patient was seen with oral and facial hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm 11 weeks following CT‐guided FNA in a previously irradiated surgical bed.Results.The patient was treated with coil embolization in and around the pseudoaneurysm and discharged without any further complications.Conclusions.Although CT‐guided FNA is a safe and effective procedure, some patients may be at increased risk for rare but major complications. Caution should be used in proceeding with CT‐guided FNA in an irradiated surgical bed of the head and neck. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase‐2 and DNA topoisomerase IIα expression in oral carcinoma
Authors: Sakurai Kazunari , Urade Masahiro , Noguchi Kazuma , Hashitani Susumu , Takaoka Kazuki , Segawa Emi , Kishimoto Hiromitsu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oral carcinoma, outcomes remain disappointing. The identification of new prognostic factors is necessary to improve survival. To determine the prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and DNA topoisomerase (DNA‐Topo) IIα expression in patients with oral carcinoma, we immunohistochemically examined these enzymes and studied their relation to overall 5‐year survival.Methods.Surgical specimens were obtained from 160 patients with oral carcinoma, 80 with and 80 without regional lymph node metastasis. The specimens were immunostained for COX‐2 and DNA‐Topo IIα as an index of cell proliferative activity. COX‐2 immunoreactivity and clinicopathological data were analyzed, and 5‐year survival was calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method.Results.COX‐2 expression in primary lesions was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis. An increase in tumor size was associated with increased COX‐2 expression. In most cases with lymph node metastasis, COX‐2 expression was higher in metastatic lesions than in primary lesions. As COX‐2 expression increased, the DNA‐Topo IIα labeling index significantly increased and the overall 5‐year survival rate decreased.Conclusion.Expression of COX‐2 and DNA‐Topo IIα were related to lymph node metastasis, cell proliferative activity, and overall 5‐year survival rate in oral carcinoma. These enzymes may therefore be valuable diagnostic and prognostic indices in oral carcinoma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Cervical lipoblastoma: Case report, review of literature, and genetic analysis
Authors: Brodsky Jacob R. , Kim Daniel Y. , Jiang Zhong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground.Lipoblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of infants and children, usually occurring in the extremities and trunk, with only a few cases reported in the neck.Methods.We describe the case of an infant with a rapidly enlarging, painless neck mass. MRI revealed a 4‐cm‐diameter mass deep to the paraspinal muscles, in close proximity to the C2 vertebral foramen. Review of literature, diagnostic methods, and genetics of lipomatous tumors are discussed.Results.Complete surgical excision via a posterior cervical approach demonstrated irregular lobules of immature fat cells separated by a loose, myxoid connective tissue. Histology and genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lipoblastoma.Conclusion.Cervical lipoblastoma is rare, and typically presents as an asymptomatic, painless mass, rarely causing airway obstruction or nerve compression. MRI can be helpful in identifying the lipomatous nature of the mass, but the findings can be inconsistent due to variable maturity of fat cells and the mesenchymal content of the tumor. Chromosomal analysis is useful in differentiating lipoblastoma from liposarcoma. Recommended treatment is complete surgical excision. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
UNEP‐GEMS/Water Programme—water quality data, GEMStat and open web services—and Japanese cooperation
Authors: Barker Sabrina , Robarts Richard , Yamashiki Yosuke , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Yoshimura Chihiro , Muguetti Ana Cristina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it demonstrates how monitoring stations that collect water quality data can be situated globally via satellite data from Google Earth. Important technical issues such as interoperability and Open Web Services are discussed in this context. Second, it illustrates how researchers at local levels can benefit from this global technology. The discussion draws from the online water quality database, GEMStat, which contains water quality data and sediment load calculations from around the world. These types of data, collected locally, can be shown to bear global implications through Internet technology. GEMStat has been expanded to include Open Web Services to enable interoperability with other online databases. Third, it illustrate an international framework of cooperation through GEMS/Water Japan, introducing on‐site monitoring activities as well as management of international river basin (Mekong/La Plata). Considerations for future application framework are presented in conclusion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The behaviour of a surface temperature/vegetation index (TVX) matrix derived from 10‐day composite AVHRR images over monsoon Asia
Authors: Higuchi Atsushi , Hiyama Tetsuya , Fukuta Yuichiro , Suzuki Rikie , Fukushima Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSatellite remote sensing of surface‐related variables is essential for understanding regional or global land‐surface processes. This study focuses on a Temperature/Vegetation Index (TVX) matrix that combines surface temperature (Ts) and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results of our study show the behaviour of the TVX matrix on continental scales. The study domain includes eastern Eurasia and monsoon Asia‐regions with great variability in land‐surface conditions. The data used included a 10‐day composite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) dataset compiled by the US Geological Survey (USGS). The relaxation in the determination algorithm for TVX slope (an upper envelope line in a TVX matrix box) was conducted to obtain both the negative and positive slope. The TVX slope can be derived from previous studies as the monsoon advanced and retreated over the tropics. However, over the Tibetan Plateau, a time series of the TVX slope showed an opposite sign compared to those in previous studies (represented by a positive TVX slope). Scatter plotting of the TVX matrix pixel sets was conducted for the evaluation of a variety of TVX matrix pixels. The TVX slope error sometimes occurred over arid regions because of a few green pixels corresponding to oases or irrigated areas. On the Tibetan Plateau, ‘two’ TVX slopes, both negative and positive, were found in the scatterplot. The reason for the two TVX slopes is the energy consumption in the soil, particularly, the phase change from frozen to liquid water. However, further study will be required to understand the mechanisms on the Plateau. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrient runoff from forested watersheds in central Japan during typhoon storms: implications for understanding runoff mechanisms during storm events
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Fukushima Takehiko , Onda Yuichi , Gomi Takashi , Fukuyama Taijiro , Sidle Roy , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Matsushige Kazuo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of nutrients (N and P) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during high, intense typhoon storm and base flow periods from three watersheds (W1, W2 and W3) in central Japan. Concentrations in base flow were low and relatively constant. In contrast, concentrations of N, P, and DOC in runoff during typhoon storms became highly dynamic. Particulate nitrogen (PN) and particulate phosphorus (PP) concentrations in runoff were 4–50 times greater than those in base flow for all storm events. Because PN and PP concentrations were significantly correlated with suspended sediment concentrations, particulate nutrient transport may be associated with overland flow in forested hillslopes. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO3‐N, DOC and dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentrations in runoff were 1–10 times greater than those in base flow. All nutrients showed a clockwise, discrete hysteresis pattern, which implied that the sources of nutrients were from forested hillslopes. Additionally, the time constant (t1/e) calculated from a decreasing function suggested that particulate nutrients were mainly sourced from surface flow, whereas dissolved nutrients were provided from both surface flow and subsurface flow. The ratios of DOC:nitrate and UV:DOC suggested that higher values occurred in the early period of a storm event and was potentially related to the occurrence of overland flow. Our findings suggested that investigation of the parameters (e.g. DOC:nitrate and UV:DOC) were potentially useful for identifying sources of nutrients and potential applications of hydrological separation. Our results also contribute towards understanding the nutrient dynamics during intense storm events when various hydrological processes such as surface and subsurface runoffs govern the nutrient concentrations in headwater streams. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological model performance comparison through uncertainty recognition and quantification
Authors: Chiang Shen , Tachikawa Yasuto , Takara Kaoru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study, a methodology which is capable of identifying the uncertainty of prediction through recognizing and quantifying the different sources of uncertainty in hydrologic models is applied for model comparison. The methodology is developed to recognize and quantify different uncertainty sources through observing hydrologic model behaviour under increasing input uncertainty levels. Based on the methodology, an index, which originates from the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency named Model Structure Indicating Index (MSII) developed by the authors is applied to evaluate the reliability of model structure. A ranking of the adequacy of the hydrologic models to the watershed can be achieved by applying MSII. The hydrologic models Storage Function Method (SFM), TOPMODEL and KW‐GIUH are used for model quantitative comparison in this study. Of these, a parameter‐constrained SFM is used as an example of a poor‐structured model; and two versions of TOPMODEL with different vertical flux calculation processes are used to demonstrate the behaviour of different model components. The results show that, at small input uncertainties, no distinction can be made between the capabilities of the hydrologic models to adapt themselves to error‐contaminated data. As the input uncertainty increased, however, the distinction between the models becomes larger and the accuracy of the model structures could be quantified through MSII. The results prove that the index can be used as a tool for implementing quantitative model comparison/selection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resveratrol prevents fibrosis, NF‐κB activation and TGF‐β increases induced by chronic CCl4 treatment in rats
Authors: Chávez Enrique , Reyes‐Gordillo Karina , Segovia José , Shibayama Mineko , Tsutsumi Victor , Vergara Paula , Moreno Mario G. , Muriel Pablo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResveratrol is a nonflavonoid polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer and antiinflammatory properties. Moreover, it has been reported that this compound inhibits NF‐κB, which regulates the transcription of several genes including cytokines such as the profibrogenic TGF‐β. The aim of this work was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of resveratrol on CCl4‐induced cirrhosis in the rat. Four groups were formed: the control group that received the vehicles only; the CCl4 group that received the toxin (0.4 g kg−1, i.p., three times a week, for 8 weeks); the CCl4 plus resveratrol (10 mg kg−1, daily) group; and the resveratrol alone group. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubins were increased by CCl4, but resveratrol afforded some degree of protection. Glycogen was decreased markedly by CCl4 and resveratrol prevented almost completely this effect. No antioxidant effect of resveratrol was observed. One of the most prominent effects was on fibrosis which increased near 5‐fold (hydroxyproline) in the CCl4 group; resveratrol preserved the content of collagen. These results were corroborated by histopathology. To elucidate the antifibrogenic mechanism of resveratrol, the activation of NF‐κB and the production of TGF‐β were measured; in both cases CCl4 increased them and resveratrol abolished them; however, changes in NF‐κB were modest and did not reach statistical significance, while the increase in TGF‐β was about three fold and resveratrol decreased it under control values. Together, the present results indicate that resveratrol possesses a strong antifibrogenic effect at least in the CCl4 model of cirrhosis. Moreover, the action mechanism is probably associated with its ability to reduce NF‐κB activation and TGF‐β content. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐sitosterol decreases irradiation‐induced thymocyte early damage by regulation of the intracellular redox balance and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane stability
Authors: Li Chun Rong , Zhou Zhe , Lin Ru Xin , Zhu Dan , Sun Yu Ning , Tian Lin Lin , Li Lu , Gao Yue , Wang Sheng Qi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBoth radiation injury and oxidation toxicity occur when cells are exposed to ion irradiation (IR), ultimately leading to apoptosis. This study was designed to determine the effect of β‐sitosterol (BSS) on early cellular damage in irradiated thymocytes and a possible mechanism of effect on irradiation‐mediated activation of the apoptotic pathways. Thymocytes were irradiated (6 Gy) with or without BSS. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis‐related proteins were evaluated. BSS decreased irradiation‐induced cell death and nuclear DNA strand breaks while attenuating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). BSS decreased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol and the mitochondrio‐nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF). Furthermore, BSS partially inhibited the radiation‐induced increase of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP, and attenuated the activation of JNK and AP‐1. In addition, evidence suggests that ROS generated by irradiation are involved in this course of cell damage. The results indicate that BSS confers a radioprotective effect on thymocytes by regulation of the intracellular redox balance which is carried out via the scavenging of ROS and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane stability. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 748–758, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonin reduces protein and lipid oxidative damage induced by homocysteine in rat brain homogenates
Authors: Ortega‐Gutiérrez Santiago , Fuentes‐Broto Lorena , García Joaquín J. , López‐Vicente Marta , Martínez‐Ballarín Enrique , Miana‐Mena Francisco Javier , Millán‐Plano Sergio , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNumerous data indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases. At least in part, homocysteine (HCY) impairs cerebrovascular function because it generates large numbers of free radicals. Since melatonin is a well‐known antioxidant, which reduces oxidative stress and decreases HCY concentrations in plasma, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in preventing HCY‐induced protein and lipid oxidation in rat brain homogenates. Brain homogenates were obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats and were incubated with or without HCY (0.01–5 mM) or melatonin (0.01–3 mM). Carbonyl content of proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxyalkenals (4‐HDA) concentrations in the brain homogenates were used as an index of protein and lipid oxidation, respectively. Under the experimental conditions used, the addition of HCY (0.01–5 mM) to the homogenates enhanced carbonyl protein and MDA+4‐HDA formation. Melatonin reduced, in a concentration‐dependent manner, protein and lipid oxidation due to HCY in the brain homogenates. These data suggest that preserving proteins from oxidative insults is an additional mechanism by which melatonin may act as an agent in potentially decreasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases related to hyperhomocysteinemia. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 729–735, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of immature dendritic cell apoptosis by foot and mouth disease virus is an integrin receptor mediated event before viral infection
Authors: Jin Huali , Xiao Chong , Zhao Gan , Du Xiaogang , Yu Yang , Kang Youmin , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFoot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been demonstrated to infect dendritic cells (DC) and reduced its ability to stimulate host immune responses. This study aimed to determine whether non‐replicating FMDV could induce apoptosis of the host immune cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that bone morrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were induced to undergo apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner, which was determined by the annexin‐V staining, DNA fragmentation, and TUNEL staining methods, after they were treated with the chemically inactivated FMDV in vitro. The initiation of apoptosis was apparently via an interaction of the integrin receptor on BMDCs and the RGD motif within the VP1 capsid protein of FMDV. The initiation activated a cascade of apoptotic pathway including reduced expression of Bcl‐2, activation of caspases, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Pretreatment with BMDCs with LPS prevented the inactivated FMDV induced apoptosis, suggesting immature BMDCs are susceptible to such apoptosis. Taken together, the data demonstrate that the inactivated FMDV induces the apoptosis in BMDCs via the integrin receptor and subsequently triggers the apoptosis signal, suggesting that such induction of apoptosis is likely to impair immune responses against FMDV infection. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 980–991, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.