bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinomas of the albumin SV40 T‐antigen transgenic rat display fetal‐like re‐expression of Igf2 and deregulation of H19
Authors: Czarny Matthew J. , Babcock Karlee , Baus Rebecca M. , Manoharan Herbert , Pitot Henry C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevious studies in our laboratory have shown that one of the earliest events during hepatocarcinogenesis in the albumin SV40 T antigen (Alb SV40 T Ag) transgenic rat is the duplication of chromosome 1q3.7‐4.3, a region which contains the imprinted and coordinately regulated genes Igf2 and H19. We have also shown that this duplication is associated with the biallelic expression of the normally monoallelically‐expressed H19. These results, however, are seemingly at odds with studies in the mouse that have shown a conservation of fetal regulatory patterns of these two genes in hepatic neoplasms. We therefore aimed in this study to determine the allelic origin of Igf2 expression in hepatocellular carcinomas of the Alb SV40 T Ag transgenic rat. Sprague–Dawley Alb SV40 T Ag transgenic rats and Brown Norway rats were reciprocally mated and the expression of Igf2 in hepatocellular carcinomas of the resulting F1 transgene‐positive female rats was analyzed by Northern blotting and RT‐PCR. We determined that Igf2 was expressed exclusively from the paternal allele, which prompted the study (by the same methods) of the allelic origin of H19 in the same hepatocellular carcinomas in order to determine if the two genes remained coordinately regulated. Our results demonstrate fetal‐like re‐expression of Igf2 and deregulation of H19 in singular hepatocellular carcinomas of the rat. These results imply that another regulatory mechanism other than the generally accepted ICR/CTCF mechanism may play a role in the control of Igf2 and H19 expression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A plant lignan, 3′‐O‐Methyl‐Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, suppresses papillomavirus E6 protein function, stabilizes p53 protein, and induces apoptosis in cervical tumor cells
Authors: Allen Kristi L. , Tschantz Deidra R. , Awad Keytam S. , Lynch William P. , DeLucia Angelo L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPersistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the most important factor in the induction of uterine cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Upon cell transformation, continual expression of the viral oncogenes is required to maintain the transformed phenotype. The viral E6 protein forms a ternary complex with the cellular E6‐AP protein and p53 protein which promotes the rapid degradation of p53. Recent studies have revealed that lignans from the creosote bush (3′‐O‐methyl‐nordihydroguaiaretic acid) can repress the viral promoter responsible for E6 gene expression. Work reported here shows that the lignan can subvert viral oncogene function resulting in stabilized p53 protein within treated HPV‐containing tumor cells. The stabilized p53 is transcriptionally active as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter vector and induction of genes for Bax and PUMA proteins. Apoptosis is detected by annexin V binding to treated cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. Programmed cell death is confirmed by the induction of active caspases and TUNEL assay. Initiator caspase‐9 is activated first, followed later by the effector caspase‐3 enzyme. The stabilization and induced apoptosis are not observed within treated HPV‐negative cervical tumor cells. Quantitative real time RT‐PCR analysis of endogenous E6 gene transcription from the integrated HPV 16 promoter shows at least a fivefold repression of expression as compared to untreated cells. These results indicate that the loss of E6 protein in treated cells could be, in part, responsible for the stabilization of p53 within the lignan treated cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of MUC1 with β‐catenin modulates the Wnt target Gene cyclinD1 in H. pylori‐induced gastric cancer
Authors: Udhayakumar Gopal , Jayanthi Venkatraman , Devaraj Niranjali , Devaraj Halagowder 
Published: March 2007

Abstractβ‐catenin can function as an oncogene when it is translocated to the nucleus, binds to T‐cell factor (TCF) or lymphoid enhance factor and transactivate its target gene. The mechanism responsible for the activation of Wnt signaling pathway in the Cytotoxin‐associated antigen A (CagA) Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐infected gastric carcinoma has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that whether interaction of MUC1 with β‐catenin modulates the Wnt signaling and its target gene cyclinD1 in CagA H. pylori‐infected gastric carcinoma. The result demonstrate that binding of MUC1 CT with Protein Kinase C δ (PKC δ), tyrosine phosphorylation of MUC1 CT, and CagA are strongly associated with the interaction of MUC1 with β‐catenin in CagA H. pylori‐infected gastric carcinoma. A statistically significant difference (χ2 = 24.49; P < 0.001) was found when the binding of MUC1 CT and β‐catenin was compared to subcellular localization of β‐catenin. We also observed significant statistical correlation (χ2 = 14.885; P < 0.001) between the cyclinD1 overexpression and the subcellular localization of β‐catenin. The overexpression of cyclinD1 was significantly higher (χ2 = 13.785; P < 0.002) in advanced gastric carcinoma with CagA H. pylori infection. In addition cyclinD1 overexpression was significantly higher (χ2 = 37.267; P < 0.001) with the interaction of MUC1 CT with β‐catenin in advanced gastric cancer. These findings indicate that MUC1 CT plays a role in the intracellular signaling through its interaction with β‐catenin and upregulate the Wnt target gene cyclinD1 in CagA H. pylori‐infected gastric carcinoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonar echo analysis
Authors: Wilcox C. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPulse mode sonar operation is analyzed under the assumption that the scattering object Γ lies in the far fields of both the transmitter and the receiver. It is shown that, in this approximation, the sonar signal is a plane wave s(x · θ0 – t) near Γ, where θ0 is a unit vector directed from the transmitter toward Γ, and similarly the echo is a plane wave e(x · θ – t) near the receiver, where θ is a unit vector directed from Γ toward the receiver. Moreover, if Γ is stationary with respect to the sonar system then it is shown that

equation image

where š(ω) is the Fourier transform of S(τ) and T+(ωθ,ωθ0) is the scattering amplitude in the direction θ due to the scattering by Γ of a time‐harmonic plane wave with frequence ω and propagation direction θ0. A generalization of this relation is derived for moving scatterers.
On the limiting behaviour of solutions to boundary integral equations associated with time harmonic wave equations for small frequencies
Authors: Kress R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe treatment of boundary value problems for Helmholtz equation and for the time harmonic Maxwell's equations by boundary integral equations leads to integral equations of the second kind which are uniquely solvable for small positive frequencies λ. However, the integral equations obtained in the limiting case λ = 0 which are related to boundary value problems of potential theory in general are not uniquely solvable since the corresponding boundary value problems are not. By first considering in a general setting of a Banach space X the limiting behaviour of solutions ϕλ to the equation ϕλ – K λ ϕ λ = fλ as λ → 0 where {Kλ: X → X, λ ∈ (0,α)}, α > 0, denotes a family of compact linear operators such that I ‐ Kλ (I identity) is bijective for λ∈(0,α) whilst I ‐ K0 is not and ‖ Kλ – K0‖ →, 0, ‖fλ – f0‖ → 0, λ → 0, and then applying the results to the boundary integral operators, the limiting behaviour of the integral equations is considered. Thus, the results obtained by Mac Camey for the Helmholtz equation are extended to the case of non‐connected boundaries and Werner's results on the integral equations for the Maxwell's equations are extended to the case of multiply connected boundaries.
The convergence of the horizontal line method for Maxwell's equations
Authors: Martensen E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe interior initial‐boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations is considered for certain homogeneous boundary conditions and currents which satisfy corresponding compatibility conditions. Under the assumption that a solution exists, it is shown by means of suitable normed spaces that the sequence of discrete solutions obtained from the horizontal line method converges discretely to this solution. A priori estimations are given both for the discrete solutions and the solution of the given problem.
Zur Theorie der Integraltransformationen
Authors: Leis R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLet A be a selfadjoint uniformly elliptic differential operator. Let the underlying domain be bounded. Eigenvalue problems can be solved then, and an arbitrary square integrable function may be developed in a Fourier series relative to the eigenfunctions. In general elliptic differential operators have a continuous spectrum, if the underlying domain is unbounded. In this case the spectral theorem provides a representation of a given function by an integral transformation. The spectral projector can be calculated, if the outgoing and incoming solutions are known (radiation condition). Thus integral transformations may be derived very easily. Four examples will be given: the Fourier sine transform, the Lebedev transform, the transformation belonging to the Dirichlet problem of the plate equation and, finally, the Fourier transformation.
Identification of sperm forward motility‐related proteins in human seminal plasma
Authors: Ding Zhide , Qu Fei , Guo Wei , Ying Xiaoqian , Wu Mingzhang , Zhang Yonglian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeminal plasma, an amorphous material that exists in semen, contains proteins related to sperm forward motility. Employing affinity chromatography with ConA beads and protein ultrafiltration, we isolated and concentrated proteins from heated human seminal plasma. Results of computer‐assisted semen analyses (CASA) demonstrated that the forward motility index of bovine spermatozoa from the epididymal caput, incubated with proteins and theophylline, was significantly different from that of spermatozoa incubated with theophylline alone (P < 0.01). The electrophoreses revealed that the protein bands with high molecular weights in the gel of PAGE changed into low molecular weights in the gel of SDS–PAGE. Furthermore, proteins from a separated portion of the PAGE gel were still able to stimulate spermatozoa from the epididymal caput to gain forward motility. Two‐dimensional (2D)‐gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry indicated that spots focused on the portion seemed, according to their amino acid sequences, to be like human alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and zinc‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein (ZAG) precursors. Western blot analysis showed the presence of these two proteins in seminal plasma. These proteins, related to the forward motility of spermatozoa in human seminal plasma, may play important roles during maturation of spermatozoa, from the epididymis through fertilization in the female reproductive tract. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1124–1131, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cloning and expression analysis of pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins expressed in trophoblasts of the white‐tail deer placenta
Authors: Brandt Gretchen A. , Parks Tina E. , Killian Gary , Ealy Alan D. , Green Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are placental proteins that have been cloned from swine, sheep, goats, and cattle, but never from animals within the Cervidae family. The goal of this work was to characterize PAGs in white‐tailed deer. Placenta and uterine tissues were collected from pregnant does at days 85 and 90 of pregnancy. RNA from cotyledons was used to amplify deer PAGs by RT‐PCR. Ten distinct cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. Some normally conserved amino acids comprising the catalytic site were found to be altered in deer PAGs 4, 5, and 8; another PAG, (PAG‐9) was a splice variant that lacked exon 7. In each case, these mutations would likely preclude proteolytic activity for these proteins. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the deer PAGs fell within the ancient PAG grouping. The remainder fell within the more modern (BNC‐specific) PAG group. Western blotting was performed with anti‐PAG antibodies and this analysis revealed that deer PAGs comprise a heterogeneous group based on different antigenicities and electrophoretic mobilities. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed some unique localization patterns of PAGs in the deer placentome compared to those in other ruminants. Most notably, deer PAGs 4 and 5, which according to the phylogeny, are “ancient PAGs,” were expected to be present in all trophoblasts; instead, they were localized to the BNC. Although many of the PAGs identified here are very similar to those in Bovidae, some are clearly distinct in their expression pattern and probably possess functional roles unique to cervid reproduction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1355–1362, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The organic cation transporters (OCT1, OCT2, EMT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) show differential distribution and cyclic expression pattern in human endometrium and early pregnancy decidua
Authors: Bottalico Barbara , Noskova Vera , Pilka Radovan , Larsson Irene , Domanski Henryk , Casslén Bertil , Hansson Stefan R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe non‐neuronal monoamine transporters (OCT1, OCT2, EMT, and PMAT) play a key role in the clearance of monoamines from extracellular compartments. In a previous report we described endometrial distribution and cyclic variation of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) mRNA and the neuronal norepinephrine transporter (NET) mRNA. In the present study we used in situ hybridization, real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry to reveal tissue distribution and cyclic variation of mRNA for the non‐neuronal monoamine transporters in the human endometrium and early pregnancy decidua. We found that non‐neuronal monoamine transporters are predominantly expressed in the stroma. The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) mRNA expression peaked in the proliferative phase, whereas the extra‐neuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) mRNA expression peaked in the secretory phase. The organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) mRNA expression was exclusively detected in few scattered stromal cells and OCT1 mRNA was not detected at all. Our present results demonstrate that PMAT, EMT, and OCT2 transporters are expressed in the endometrial stroma and can potentially regulate reuptake of monoamines in general and histamine in particular. Taken together with our previous finding of VMAT2 mRNA in epithelial cells, we suggest a paracrine interaction between stromal and epithelial cells, which may modulate certain steps of the reproductive process. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1303–1311, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoneutralization of endometrial monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor beta (MNSFβ) inhibits mouse embryo implantation in vivo
Authors: Wang Jian , Huang Zhe Ping , Nie Gui Ying , Salamonsen Lois A. , Shen Qing Xiang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSuccessful embryo implantation and pregnancy in mammals depends on the establishment of immune tolerance between the maternal immune system and fetal cells. Monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor beta (MNSFβ), a cytokine produced by suppressor T cells in various tissues, possesses an antigen‐nonspecific immune‐suppressive function, and may be involved in the regulation of the uterine immune response during embryo implantation. In this study, anti‐MNSFβ IgG administered directly into the uterine lumen, significantly inhibited mouse embryo implantation in a dose‐dependent manner in vivo, and this effect was reversed by co‐administration of recombinant MNSFβ. The effects of anti‐MNSFβ IgG on the gene pattern profiles in mouse uterine tissues were examined by cDNA microarray and several changes were confirmed by real‐time PCR. Anti‐MNSFβ IgG caused up‐regulation (≥2‐fold) of 71 known genes and 17 unknown genes, and decreased expression (≥2‐fold) of 74 known genes and 43 unknown genes, including several genes previously associated with embryo implantation or fetal development. Most of the known genes are involved in immune regulation, cell cycle/proliferation, cell differentiation/apoptosis, and lipid/glucose metabolism. These results demonstrate that MNSFβ plays critical roles during the early pregnancy via multiple pathways. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1419–1427, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mice deficient for RNA‐binding protein brunol1 show reduction of spermatogenesis but are fertile
Authors: Dev Arvind , Nayernia Karim , Meins Moritz , Adham Ibrahim , Lacone Franco , Engel Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRNA‐binding proteins are involved in post‐transcriptional processes like mRNA stabilization, alternative splicing, and transport.Brunol1is a novel mouse gene related toelav/Brunofamily of genes encoding for RNA‐binding proteins. We report here the expression and functional analysis of murineBrunol1.Expression analysis ofBrunol1during embryogenesis by RT‐PCR showed thatBrunol1expression starts at 9.5 dpc and continues to the later stages of embryonic development. In adult mice, theBrunol1expression is restricted to brain and testis. We also analyzed theBrunol1expression in testes of different mutants with spermatogenesis defects: W/WV, Tfm/y, Leyl−/−, olt/olt, and qk/qk.Brunol1transcript was detectable in Leyl−/−, olt/olt, and qk/qk mutant but not in W/WVand Tfm/y mutants. We also showed by transfection of a fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and Brunol1 protein into NIH3T3 cells, that Brunol1 is localized in cytoplasm and nucleus. In order to elucidate the function of the Brunol1 protein in spermatogenesis, we disrupted theBrunol1locus in mouse by homologous recombination, which resulted in a complete loss of theBrunol1transcript. Male and femaleBrunol1+/−andBrunol1−/−mice from genetic backgrounds C57BL/6J × 129/Sv hybrid and 129X1/SvJ when inbred exhibited normal phenotype and are fertile, although the number and motility of sperms are significantly reduced. An intensive phenotypic analysis showed no gross abnormalities in testis morphology. Collectively our results demonstrate that Brunol1 might be nonessential protein for mouse embryonic development and spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1456–1464, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithms for direct‐access gaussian solution of structural stiffness matrix equation
Authors: Pao Y. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBased on direct‐access programming, algorithms have been developed for the generation, and solution by Gaussian elimination of the structural stiffness matrix equation resulted from application of the finite element method in engineering analyses. A large disk storage is used to store the rows of the stiffness matrix as directly accessible records. The developed algorithm BAND2R requires only 2Nb in‐core words in implementing the Gaussian elimination where Nb is the semi‐band width of the stiffness matrix. Algorithms BANDSQ and BDSQMX are presented which require N2b in‐core words but minimize the number of retrieving and restoring the direct‐access records during the Gaussian elimination. BANDSQ has the direct‐access feature in both the elimination and backward‐substitution steps whereas BDSQMX has the direct‐access feature only in the backward‐substitution step of the Gaussian elimination. Illustrative applications of the developed algorithms are given and the computer core and time requirements for BAND2R, BANDSQ and BDSQMX are compared to those for the conventional Gaussian elimination of using sequential, in‐core storages. Methods for reducing the semi‐band width Nb of the structural stiffness matrix are also discussed.
An accelerated automatic root search algorithm for iterative methods in vibration analysis
Authors: Dawson B. , Davies M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe paper presents an accelerated version of an automatic root searching technique developed by the authors for application to residual function iterative methods in vibration analysis.The power and generality of the accelerated method is demonstrated by application to (i) an 8 rotor torsional vibration system, and (ii) a 15 rotor torsional vibration system specially synthesized so as to have an uneven root distribution including clusters of close frequencies.
Iterative procedures for improving penalty function solutions of algebraic systems
Authors: Felippa Carlos A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe standard implementation of the penalty function approach for the treatment of general constraint conditions in discrete systems of equations often leads to computational difficulties as the penalty weights are increased to meet constraint satisfaction tolerances. A family of iterative procedures that converges to the constrained solution for fixed weights is presented. For a discrete mechanical system, these procedures can be physically interpreted as an equilibrium iteration resulting from the appearance of corrective force patterns at the nodes of ‘constraint members’ of constant stiffness. Three forms of the iteration algorithm are studied in detail. Convergence conditions are established and the computational error propagation behaviour of the three forms is analysed. The conclusions are verified by numerical experiments on a model problem. Finally, practical guidelines concerning the implementation of the corrective process in large‐scale finite element codes are offered.
Application of the initial stress method to soil‐structure interaction
Authors: Rowe R. K. , Booker J. R. , Balaam N. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA general method is presented for the analysis of soil‐structure interaction problems using the initial stress finite element approach. The soil and structure will be treated as separate bodies related only by nodal forces at the soil‐structure interface. Provision is made for plastic failure of both soil and structure, shear failure at the interface, and breakaway of the structure from the soil.
A rayleigh‐ritz determination of upper and lower bounds for the deflection of orthotropic cantilever beams
Authors: Nair S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA numerical scheme based on polynomial approximation is presented for the caluclation of upper and lower bounds for the flexibility coefficient of end‐loaded orthotropic cantilever beams in a state of plane stress, through use of the principles of minimum potential energy and of minimum complementary energy. The degree‐of‐freedom of the two‐dimensional polynomials employed along with the elastic constants and the depth‐to‐span ratio of the beam are external parameters of the problem.
Finite elasticity in spatial description: Linearization aspects with 3‐D membrane applications
Authors: De Neto E. A. Souza , Perić Djordje , Owen D. R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe treatment of finite hyperelasticity set on the spatial configuration is described. The fully consistent linearization of the corresponding field equations is carried out in detail. It provides the basis of the exact Newton‐Raphson procedure for solution of the associated boundary value problem. A membrane formulation is presented in which the incompressibility constraint usually employed in the description of rubber‐like materials is satisfied trivially. The excellent performance of the proposed framework is demonstrated by means of 3‐D membrane finite element simulations.