bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full‐thickness skin wound healing in mouse
Authors: Hosseinzade Sajede , Nourani Hossein , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hossein , Lotfalizadeh Narges , Borji Hassan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundWound healing has evolved in recent years, resulting in diverse therapeutic options.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of the somatic antigen of the hydatid cyst protoscolex on wound healing in mice with full‐thickness skin wounds.MethodsFifty‐four adult mice, weighing 25 ± 5 g and approximately 60 days old, were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), each further divided into three subgroups. Subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were assigned negative controls. B1, B2, and B3 received hydatid cyst somatic antigen tests at 10 µg/SC, whereas C1, C2, and C3 received somatic antigen tests at 20 µg/SC. Under general anesthesia, a wound biopsy puncture of 9.8 mm in diameter was performed on the mice's back and spine. In the experimental group, antigen and alum adjuvant were administered subcutaneously around the wound, while the control group received Phosphate‐Buffered Saline (PBS). Using digital images, a geometric assessment was conducted on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 post‐wounding. The obtained images were analyzed by Image J software and after analyzing the data by SPSS software.ResultsA significant difference in terms of epithelization was observed in the antigen treatment group with a dose of 20 µg on days 3 and 6 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 20 µg antigen group was significantly higher than the 10 µg antigen group in terms of this factor on day 3 (P < 0.05). Skin samples were taken from all wounds on days 3, 10 and 21 for microscopic evaluation. Regarding epithelization, on day 10, a significant difference was observed in the treatment group with a concentration of 10 µg with the control group and the treatment group with a concentration of 20 µg (P < 0.05).ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that somatic antigens of protoscolex hydatid cyst are dose‐dependent and antigens with a dose of 20 µg by subcutaneous injection accelerate wound healing and epithelialization.
The Challenges Involved in Teaching Biblical Hebrew to Students With Dyslexia: Some Observations
Authors: Nicholson Sarah L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTStudying Biblical Hebrew is increasingly considered a viable option for students with dyslexia. This presents particular challenges not just for the students but also for their teachers, because the pedagogical methods for teaching ancient languages have traditionally depended on strategies that create difficulties for dyslexic students. This paper outlines the particular challenges of Biblical Hebrew for teachers of students with dyslexia and makes some proposals for addressing those challenges. Responding to dyslexia research, this paper considers the effects of phonological, morphological, and other deficits; outlines teaching and assessment strategies; and argues that learning Biblical Hebrew can be a transformative experience for students with specific learning difficulties.
Association between habitual betel quid chewing and risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Itaki Rodney , Taufa Shalon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionHabitual betel quid chewing, a tobacco product, is a leading cause of oral cancer in Asia–Pacific countries where this practice is most prevalent. However, it is not well understood whether betel quid chewing is also a cause of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of peer‐reviewed published studies evaluating the association between habitual betel quid use on the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsWe searched PubMed for studies assessing the correlation between betel quid chewing and cardiovascular health. We included studies if (i) they included human subjects; (ii) were peer‐reviewed articles in indexed journals; and (iii) were in English. We extracted data from eligible studies and stratified them by geographical location, study designs and cardiovascular outcomes. Finally, we did a narrative synthesis of the data to identify adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with chronic betel quid use.FindingsWe reviewed data from 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Habitual betel quid chewing was associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation and ischaemic heart disease. In addition, betel quid use was a risk factor for arrhythmias. Interestingly, betel quid use was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women. Long‐term betel quid consumption was associated with higher risks for all‐cause mortality and increased overall cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsHabitual betel quid chewing is an important cardiovascular risk factor in populations where the practice is prevalent.
What is slough? Defining the proteomic and microbial composition of slough and its implications for wound healing
Authors: Townsend Elizabeth C. , Cheong J. Z. Alex , Radzietza Michael , Fritz Blaine , Malone Matthew , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Ousey Karen , Swanson Terry , Schultz Gregory , Gibson Angela L. F. , Kalan Lindsay R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSlough is a well‐known feature of non‐healing wounds. This pilot study aims to determine the proteomic and microbiologic components of slough as well as interrogate the associations between wound slough components and wound healing. Ten subjects with slow‐to‐heal wounds and visible slough were enrolled. Aetiologies included venous stasis ulcers, post‐surgical site infections and pressure ulcers. Patient co‐morbidities and wound healing outcome at 3‐months post‐sample collection was recorded. Debrided slough was analysed microscopically, through untargeted proteomics, and high‐throughput bacterial 16S‐ribosomal gene sequencing. Microscopic imaging revealed wound slough to be amorphous in structure and highly variable. 16S‐profiling found slough microbial communities to associate with wound aetiology and location on the body. Across all subjects, slough largely consisted of proteins involved in skin structure and formation, blood‐clot formation and immune processes. To predict variables associated with wound healing, protein, microbial and clinical datasets were integrated into a supervised discriminant analysis. This analysis revealed that healing wounds were enriched for proteins involved in skin barrier development and negative regulation of immune responses. While wounds that deteriorated over time started off with a higher baseline Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Score and were enriched for anaerobic bacterial taxa and chronic inflammatory proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate clinical, microbiome, and proteomic data to systematically characterise wound slough and integrate it into a single assessment to predict wound healing outcome. Collectively, our findings underscore how slough components can help identify wounds at risk of continued impaired healing and serves as an underutilised biomarker.
A Simple Predictive Method for Estimating Boil-Off Rate Over Time in a Cryogenic Container
Authors: Kim Changhyun , Kim Taehoon , You Hwalong , Kim Minchang , Han Yong-Shik , Choi Byung-Il , Do Kyu Hyung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, cryogenic fluids are widely transported via cargo ships as energy sources. The generation of boil-off gas (BOG) is inevitable in a cryogenic container due to the large temperature difference. Therefore, accurately analyzing the boil-off gas over time is essential to increase delivery efficiency and ensure tank safety. However, predicting the boil-off rate (BOR) is not a simple task, as both experiment and calculation require a significant amount of time. In this study, a simple predictive method is developed for simulating a 1/50 scaled model tank. The method consists of steady and quasi-unsteady calculations. Steady calculations are performed to establish a correlation between LN2 level and inner-wall temperature. Quasi-unsteady calculations simulate BOG over time by changing the inner-wall boundary conditions. This method can help engineers effectively evaluate the insulation performance of a cryogenic container in a short time and provide guidelines for simulating a real scale tank.
Effect of Level of Competition and Drill Typology on Internal and External Load in Male Volleyball Players During the Preseason Period
Authors: Kerpe Gilbertas , Zuoza Aurelijus Kazys , Conte Daniele 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of level of competition and drill typology on loads during the preseason period in male volleyball players. Methods: Internal (percentage of peak heart rate [HR] and summated HR zone) and external (PlayerLoad per minute, total and high accelerations per minute [tACCmin and hACCmin], decelerations per minute [tDECmin and hDECmin], and jumps per minute [tJUMPmin and hJUMPmin]) loads were monitored across a 5-week preseason period in 12 Division 1 (age: 22.5 [3.9] y; stature: 188 [6.2] cm; body mass: 85 [11.6] kg; training experience: 9.4 [4.2] y) and 12 Division 2 (age: 20.7 [2.9] y; stature: 186 [6.2] cm; body mass: 77.8 [9.6] kg; training experience: 5.6 [2.3] y) male volleyball players. Furthermore, differences in load were assessed for each drill typology (warm-up, conditioning, technical, tactical, and integral). Results: No effects (P > .05) of level of competition on the internal (except for summated HR zone, P = .05) and external loads (except for tJUMPmin, P = .002) were found. Differently, drill typologies showed an effect (P < .001) on all the investigated internal- and external-load measures. The main post hoc results revealed higher (P < .05) percentage of peak HR, summated HR zone, PlayerLoad per minute, and tACCmin in warm-up and conditioning drills, while higher (P < .05) hDECmin and hJUMPmin were found in tactical and integral drills. Conclusions: These results suggest that volleyball coaches use warm-up and conditioning drills when aiming at increasing the internal loads, PlayerLoad per minute, and tACCmin, while tactical and integral drills should be preferred to enhance the number of hDECmin and hJUMPmin.
Ibrexafungerp is efficacious in a neutropenic murine model of pulmonary mucormycosis as monotherapy and combined with liposomal amphotericin B
Authors: Gebremariam Teclegiorgis , Alkhazraji Sondus , Gu Yiyou , Najvar Laura K. , Borroto-Esoda Katyna , Patterson Thomas F. , Filler Scott G. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078) is the first member of the triterpenoid class that prevents the synthesis of the fungal cell wall polymer β-(1,3)-D-glucan by inhibiting the enzyme glucan synthase. We evaluated the
in vivo
efficacy of ibrexafungerp against pulmonary mucormycosis using an established murine model. Neutropenic mice were intratracheally infected with either
Rhizopus delemar
or
Mucor circinelloides
. Treatment with placebo (diluent control), ibrexafungerp (30 mg/kg, PO BID), liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB 10 mg/kg IV QD), posaconazole (PSC 30 mg/kg PO QD), or a combination of ibrexafungerp plus LAMB or ibrexafungerp plus PSC began 16 h post-infection and continued for 7 days for ibrexafungerp or PSC and through day 4 for LAMB. Ibrexafungerp was as effective as LAMB or PSC in prolonging median survival (range: 15 days to >21 days) and enhancing overall survival (30%–65%) vs placebo (9 days and 0%;
P
< 0.001) in mice infected with
R. delemar
. Furthermore, median survival and overall percent survival resulting from the combination of ibrexafungerp plus LAMB were significantly greater compared to all monotherapies (
P
≤ 0.03). Similar survival results were observed in mice infected with
M. circinelloides
. Monotherapies also reduce the lung and brain fungal burden by ~0.5–1.0log
10
conidial equivalents (CE)/g of tissue vs placebo in mice infected with
R. delemar
(
P
< 0.05), while a combination of ibrexafungerp plus LAMB lowered the fungal burden by ~0.5–1.5log
10
CE/g compared to placebo or any of the monotherapy groups (
P
< 0.03). These results are promising and warrant continued investigation of ibrexafungerp as a novel treatment option against mucormycosis.
PDCD4 restricts PRRSV replication in an eIF4A-dependent manner and is antagonized by the viral nonstructural protein 9
Authors: Wei Ruiping , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wang Xiaoying , Li Lu , Fu Yajie , Chen Yaosheng , Liu Xiaohong , Guo Chunhe 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

As obligate parasites, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade the host immune defense. Manipulation of the host proteasome system to degrade specific detrimental factors is a common viral countermeasure. To identify host proteins targeted for proteasomal degradation by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we conducted a quantitative proteomics screen of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells under the treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132. The data revealed that the expression levels of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) were strongly downregulated by PRRSV and significantly rescued by MG132. Further investigation confirmed that PRRSV infection induced the translocation of PDCD4 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and the viral nonstructural protein 9 (Nsp9) promoted PDCD4 proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm by activating the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway. The C-terminal domain of Nsp9 was responsible for PDCD4 degradation. As for the role of PDCD4 during PRRSV infection, we demonstrated that PDCD4 knockdown favored viral replication, while its overexpression significantly attenuated replication, suggesting that PDCD4 acts as a restriction factor for PRRSV. Mechanistically, we discovered eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) was required for PRRSV. PDCD4 interacted with eIF4A through four sites (E249, D253, D414, and D418) within its two MA3 domains, disrupting eIF4A-mediated translation initiation in the 5′-untranslated region of PRRSV, thereby inhibiting PRRSV infection. Together, our study reveals the antiviral function of PDCD4 and the viral strategy to antagonize PDCD4. These results will contribute to our understanding of the immune evasion strategies employed by PRRSV and offer valuable insights for developing new antiviral targets.

IMPORTANCE
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection results in major economic losses in the global swine industry and is difficult to control effectively. Here, using a quantitative proteomics screen, we identified programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) as a host protein targeted for proteasomal degradation by PRRSV. We demonstrated that PDCD4 restricts PRRSV replication by interacting with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, which is required for translation initiation in the viral 5′-untranslated region. Additionally, four sites within two MA3 domains of PDCD4 are identified to be responsible for its antiviral function. Conversely, PRRSV nonstructural protein 9 promotes PDCD4 proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm by activating the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway, thus weakening the anti-PRRSV function. Our work unveils PDCD4 as a previously unrecognized host restriction factor for PRRSV and reveals that PRRSV develops countermeasures to overcome PDCD4. This will provide new insights into virus-host interactions and the development of new antiviral targets.
A CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal in
Autographa californica
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Ac93 is important for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles
Authors: Chen Guoqing , Yang Jing , Wu Yihong , Wang Haoran , Zhang Xinxin , Feng Guozhong 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Autographa californica
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) Ac93 is highly conserved in all sequenced baculovirus genomes, and it plays important roles in both the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and the formation of intranuclear microvesicles. In this study, we characterized a cellular CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) of AcMNPV Ac93. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that AcMNPV Ac93 may contain an NES at amino acids 115–125. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the NES (GFP:NES) of AcMNPV Ac93 is localized to the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Multiple point mutation analysis demonstrated that NES is important for the nuclear export of GFP:NES. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that Ac93 interacts with
Spodoptera frugiperda
CRM1 (SfCRM1). However, AcMNPV Ac34 inhibits cellular CRM1-dependent nuclear export of GFP:NES. To determine whether the NES in AcMNPV Ac93 is important for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles, an
ac93
-null AcMNPV bacmid was constructed; the wild-type and NES-mutated Ac93 were reinserted into the
ac93
-null AcMNPV bacmid. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Ac93 and SfCRM1 were predominantly colocalized at intranuclear microvesicles in infected cells, while the construct containing point mutations at residues 123 and 125 of Ac93 resulted in a defect in budded virus production and the abolishment of intranuclear microvesicles. Together, these data demonstrate that Ac93 contains a functional NES, which is required for the production of progeny viruses and the formation of intranuclear microvesicles.

IMPORTANCE

Autographa californica
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) Ac93 is important for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles. However, how the baculovirus manipulates Ac93 for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles is unclear. In this study, we identified a nuclear export signal (NES) at amino acids 115–125 of AcMNPV Ac93. Our results showed that the NES is required for the interaction between Ac93 and
Spodoptera frugiperda
CRM1 (SfCRM1). However, AcMNPV Ac34 inhibits the nuclear export of green fluorescent protein fused to the NES. Our analysis revealed that Ac93 and SfCRM1 were predominantly colocalized at intranuclear microvesicles in AcMNPV-infected cells. Together, our results indicate that Ac93 participates in the formation of intranuclear microvesicles via the Ac93 NES-mediated CRM1 pathway.
Decoding host-microbiome interactions through co-expression network analysis within the non-human primate intestine
Authors: Uehara Mika , Inoue Takashi , Hase Sumitaka , Sasaki Erika , Toyoda Atsushi , Sakakibara Yasubumi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The gut microbiome affects the health status of the host through complex interactions with the host’s intestinal wall. These host-microbiome interactions may spatially vary along the physical and chemical environment of the intestine, but these changes remain unknown. This study investigated these intricate relationships through a gene co-expression network analysis based on dual transcriptome profiling of different intestinal sites—cecum, transverse colon, and rectum—of the primate common marmoset. We proposed a gene module extraction algorithm based on the graph theory to find tightly interacting gene modules of the host and the microbiome from a vast co-expression network. The 27 gene modules identified by this method, which include both host and microbiome genes, not only produced results consistent with previous studies regarding the host-microbiome relationships, but also provided new insights into microbiome genes acting as potential mediators in host-microbiome interplays. Specifically, we discovered associations between the host gene
FBP1
, a cancer marker, and polysaccharide degradation-related genes (
pfkA
and
fucI
) coded by
Bacteroides vulgatus
, as well as relationships between host B cell-specific genes (
CD19
,
CD22
,
CD79B
, and
PTPN6
) and a tryptophan synthesis gene (
trpB
) coded by
Parabacteroides distasonis
. Furthermore, our proposed module extraction algorithm surpassed existing approaches by successfully defining more functionally related gene modules, providing insights for understanding the complex relationship between the host and the microbiome.

IMPORTANCE
We unveiled the intricate dynamics of the host-microbiome interactions along the colon by identifying closely interacting gene modules from a vast gene co-expression network, constructed based on simultaneous profiling of both host and microbiome transcriptomes. Our proposed gene module extraction algorithm, designed to interpret inter-species interactions, enabled the identification of functionally related gene modules encompassing both host and microbiome genes, which was challenging with conventional modularity maximization algorithms. Through these identified gene modules, we discerned previously unrecognized bacterial genes that potentially mediate in known relationships between host genes and specific bacterial species. Our findings underscore the spatial variations in host-microbiome interactions along the colon, rather than displaying a uniform pattern throughout the colon.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of nasopharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19 patients with different disease severities
Authors: Aljabr Waleed , Dandachi Iman , Abbas Basma , Karkashan Alaa , Al-Amari Ahod , AlShahrani Dayel 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive research has been conducted on SARS-COV-2 to elucidate its genome, prognosis, and possible treatments. However, few looked at the microbial markers that could be explored in infected patients and that could predict possible disease severity. The aim of this study is to compare the nasopharyngeal microbiota of healthy subjects, moderate, under medication, and recovered SARS-COV-2 patients. In 2020, 38 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 6 healthy subjects, 14 moderates, 10 under medication and 8 recovered SARS-COV-2 patients at the Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital Riyadh. Metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed using Minion Oxford nanopore sequencing. No significant difference in alpha as well as beta diversity was observed among all four categories. Nevertheless, we have found that
Streptococcus
spp including
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Streptococcus thermophilus
were among the top 15 most abundant species detected in COVID-19 patients but not in healthy subjects. The genus
Staphylococcus
was found to be associated with COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, the abundance of
Leptotrichia
was significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to recovered patients.
Corynebacterium
on the other hand, was associated with under-medication patients. Taken together, our study revealed no differences in the overall microbial composition between healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients. Significant differences were seen only at specific taxonomic level. Future studies should explore the nasopharyngeal microbiota between controls and COVID-19 patients while controlling for confounders including age, gender, and comorbidities; since these latter could affect the results and accordingly the interpretation.

IMPORTANCE

In this work, no significant difference in the microbial diversity was seen between healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients. Changes in specific taxa including
Leptotrichia
,
Staphylococcus,
and
Corynebacterium
were only observed.
Leptotrichia
was significantly higher in healthy subjects, whereas
Staphylococcus
and
Corynebacterium
were mostly associated with COVID-19, and specifically with under-medication SARS-COV-2 patients, respectively. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has ended, the SARS-COV-2 virus is continuously evolving and the emergence of new variants causing more severe disease should be always kept in mind. Microbial markers in SARS-COV-2 infected patients can be useful in the early suspicion of the disease, predicting clinical outcomes, framing hospital and intensive care unit admission as well as, risk stratification. Data on which microbial marker to tackle is still controversial and more work is needed, hence the importance of this study.