bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Scent-Marking in Delaying Territorial Invasion in the Blind Mole-Rat Spalax Ehrenbergi
Authors: Zuri I. , Gazit I. , Terkel J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The blind mole-rat (Spalax ehrenbergi) is a solitary fossorial rodent which inhabits its own tunnel system. Mole-rats are highly aggressive, and encounters between two animals in the laboratory may end in the death or injury of one of them. The ability to detect the presence of another animal's territory when tunneling may inhibit a neighbouring mole-rat from unwanted and unexpected invasion of an adjacent tunnel system as well as postpone an aggressive encounter. We aimed to determine whether mole-rats use olfaction to mark their own territorial boundaries and to detect the territories of other mole-rats while foraging. First, we examined whether mole-rats scent-mark their territorial boundaries in response to the location of a neighbouring mole-rat. We found that when an intruder was introduced, the test animal almost always shifted its latrine location to the intruder's side. Then, we used soil plugs saturated with urine plus faeces or with water to determine whether scent-marks influence mole-rat excavation patterns and whether there are differences in mole-rat reaction to a stranger's scent. Our findings showed that only soil saturated with intra-specific male excretions prolongs inhibits excavation by male intruders; soil saturated with water or female urine and faeces, or with inter-specific urine and faeces (Rattus norvegicus) did not have such an effect. Thus latrines may function as scent-marking stations and play a role in delaying conspecifics from entering the territory. We suggest that the olfactory channel of communication enables mole-rats to mark their territorial borders with a relatively long-lasting signal, inhibiting the entry of potential intruders (particularly males).
Does Behaviour After Weaning Affect the Dominance Status of Adult Male Mice (Mus Domesticus)?
Authors: Collins S.A. , Gosling L.M. , Hudson J. , Cowan D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
To investigate whether behaviour in the litter predicted later dominance status, male mice were observed whilst within their litters from three weeks old, and when paired with an unrelated male as an adult. We found that males that were dominant in their litter were not more likely to become dominant as an adult. The best predictor of adult dominance status was the relative scent marking rate when with littermates, males that marked more than their adult partner were more likely to become dominant. The high scent mark rate of dominant males may be the cause not the consequence of dominance, they scent mark at a higher rate before becoming dominant. It was also shown that there are strong family resemblances for scent mark rate, body weight and most urogenital gland weights. This indicates that scent mark rate and urogenital gland weights may be determined genetically, or partly determined by parental effects. As found in previous work the preputial gland was heavier in dominant males than subordinates. Furthermore, dominant males were lighter than subordinates at the end of the experiment indicating that there may be a cost to maintaining dominance.
Does Brood Size Manipulation Affect Later Competitive Behaviour of Offspring?
Authors: De Kogel C.H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractData from several field experiments support the existence of a trade-off between number and quality of offspring. However, long term effects of brood size on fitness related traits of offspring have been a relatively neglected area of research. In a laboratory experiment the effect of manipulated brood size on subsequent competitive ability of adult offspring was investigated. Zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, were reared in small or large broods and young were exchanged in such a way that natural siblings from different rearing conditions could be compared. Competitive behaviour was assessed in two different contexts: competition for food (both sexes tested) and competition for mates (only males tested). There was no significant difference between males from small and large broods in number of succesfull attacks (after which the other male moved away) during male-male aggressive interactions provoked by the presentation of a female in an adjacent cage. Nor did brood size affect latency to eat, time spent eating or success at displacing the other bird from the feeder during food competition tests. The results thus suggest consistently that later competitive ability of offspring is not affected by brood size in this species.
The Influence of the Postnatal Maternal Environment in Accounting for Differences in Aggression and Behavioural Strategies in Mus Domesticus
Authors: Benus R.F. , Röndigs M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
House mice of selection lines for short attack latency (SAL) and long attack latency (LAL) differ fundamentally in the way they interact with their environment. A previous study showed marked differences in maternal behaviour between dams from both lines. The present study was designed to determine, by reciprocal cross-fostering, to what extent the postnatal SAL and LAL maternal environment contributes to observed differences in aggression and behavioural strategy between SAL and LAL mice. At a subadult age there were neither differences in attack latency between lines nor between control and cross-fostered groups. In adulthood there was a significant difference in attack latency between SAL and LAL mice, which was not influenced by maternal type. Also coping, as measured by the readiness to encounter a challenge, was not influenced by maternal type. Both at a subadult age as in adulthood, SAL mice encountered unknown situations much faster than LAL mice, but there were no differences between control and cross-fostered groups. As found in previous studies, SAL mice were more routine-like in their behaviour than LAL mice. However, SAL mice that were reared by LAL dams were more flexible in their behaviour than SAL mice reared by their own mothers. This postnatal maternal effect on
The Effects of Predator Exposure On the Female Choice of Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata) From a High-Predation Population
Authors: Gong Anson 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies have shown that, under intense predation, guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations have evolved duller male colouration and weaker female preference for brightly coloured males. Gong & Gibson (1996) found that females descended from a low-predation population responded to the presence of a fish predator by becoming less receptive and reversing their typical sexual preference for the brighter and more active of a pair of males. Here, I investigated whether this response is more strongly developed in guppies descended from a captive population exposed to predation from a natural predator. I measured the social and sexual preferences of virgin females for a pair of males both before and after visual exposure to a predatory cichlid in an adjacent tank. Females initially preferred the more actively displaying male. Exposure to the cichlid caused some females to become unreceptive and the remainder avoided the previously preferred male. These effects did not differ in magnitude from the responses of females descended from a low-predation population (Gong & Gibson, 1996). The avoidance of conspicuous males by females seems to be a generalized response to predation risk that is independent of current predation pressure on a population.
Shark Bay Dugongs in Summer. I: Lek Mating
Authors: Anderson Paul K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a shallow sparsely vegetated cove in eastern Shark Bay, Western Australia, approximately 20 solitary dugongs occupied small mutually exclusive zones of activity in the springs of 1988 and 1989. Occupants of those activity zones bordering on shoal areas patrolled their zones, defended them against intruders, and engaged in unique activities (bottom swims, situps, and belly-ups) which appeared to be intrasexual and/or intersexual displays. Forage biomass in the cove was inadequate to meet dugong maintenance requirements and known or presumed females appeared only in contexts implying mating. I infer that all residents of the cove were male. Sexual activity observed in this cove contrasted with the 'mating herd' pattern reported for sirenians elsewhere in that courtship and mating occurred in a pair context, a presumed female was herded within an exclusive territory, females were not harassed by groups of males, and apparent copulation occurred without persistent interference or harassment by additional males. I believe the cove is a traditional arena where an aggregation of males on display territories meets all the requirements of a classic lek.
Survey and Distribution of Crustacea Malacostraca in Poland
Authors: Jaźdźewski Krzysztof , Konopacka Alicja 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper presents a survey of Polish malacostracan fauna. In two tables the distribution of freshwater and Baltic species is presented according to the regionalization of the country used in "Catalogus Faunae Poloniae". Figures present some interesting distributions of freshwater malacostracan taxa. Own studies as well as the review of ample literature aimed at the preparation of the successive issues of "Catalogus Faunae Poloniae" allowed to present this survey of 121 malacostracan taxa, viz., Bathynellacea - 1 species, Mysidacea - 9, Amphipoda - 50, Isopoda - 47, Tanaidacea - 1, Cumacea - 1, Euphausiacea - 1, Decapoda - 11. In inland waters 31 species and subspecies do occur (Batynellacea - 1, Mysidacea - 1, Amphipoda - 22, Isopoda - 2, Decapoda - 5). In brackish waters of the Baltic Sea and its lagoons- 54 species (Mysidacea - 8, Amphipoda - 24, Isopoda - 12, Tanaidacea - 1, Cumacea - 1, Euphausiacea - 1, Decapoda - 8). Bi-environmental species are Asellus aquaticus and Eriocheir sinensis. The land malacostracan fauna of Poland includes 4 amphipod and 34 isopod (oniscoid) taxa. The Polish malacostracan fauna is composed mainly of species that have invaded this region of Europe in the postglacial period, but the oldest, preglacial elements are subterranean amphipods (niphargids, Crangonyx) and Bathynella natans, occurring only in southern Poland. The earliest postglacial invaders of the Baltic and/or the northern lakes were glacial relict species like the Mysis relicta group, Pallasiola quadrispinosa, Monoporeia affinis and Saduria entomon. The Southern Baltic malacostracan fauna is dominated by Boreal and Arctic/(Subarctic)-boreal elements but one third of this fauna is Mediterranean-boreal or Lusitanian-boreal in origin. Inland waters were probably settled next by Gammarus lacustris, G. pulex, Synurella ambulans, Asellus aquaticus and Astacus astacus, then by later incomers, like Gammarus balcanicus. Canal constructions in the XVIIIth century helped the immigration of Ponto-Caspian elements: Corophium curvispinum and Echinogammarus ischnus. Intentionally introduced to Polish waters are Astacus leptodactylus, Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus; unintentionally brought along were Eriocheir sinensis and Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus, as well as Talitroides alluaudi and Trichorhina tomentosa to some greenhouses.
Evolution of Larval Developmental Patterns and the Process of Freshwaterization in the Prawn Genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Jalihal D.R. , Sankolli K.N. , Shenoy Shakuntala 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The inland prawn genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868, is supposed to have originated from marine ancestors sometime in the beginning of the Pleistocene and since then its members have invaded freshwaters to different degrees. As such, these prawns are found to occupy almost all types of aquatic bodies right from purely marine through estuarine, riverine to impounded waters. Consequently, they have evolved various types of developmental patterns. Based on information available on more than 40 species, three basic types of larval developmental patterns can abe recognized in this genus viz., Prolonged or Normal Type (with 8 to 20 stages), Partially Abbreviated Type (with 2 or 3 stages) and Completely Abbreviated Type (with only 1 stage). However, there are several species showing transitional developmental patterns. Thus, the process of freshwaterization seems to be still continuing in the genus. Incidentally, the above knowledge can be applied in prawn culture as a basis for selection of a suitable candidate for forage species.
Presence of Milocra Frontalis H. Milne Edwards, 1840 (Isopoda, Flabellifera) On the Southern Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula: Spectrum of Parasitism and Parasitic Relationship With Gobius Paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 (Pisces, Gobiidae)
Authors: Nieto P. , Alberto L.J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Analysis of the occurrence of Anilocra frontalis H. Milne Edwards, 1840, on intertidal fish of the Spanish-Atlantic coast over four years has broadened the known spectrum of parasitism to seven species. The abundance of the goby Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 and its high index of parasitation by Aniloera frontalis, has permitted a more detailed analysis of the parasite-host relationship. In more than 90% of the cases the parasites are situated between or immediately behind the eyes. There is a positive correlation between length of parasite and length of host, and a slightly higher percentage of parasitism in the males and in the smaller specimens of Gobius paganellus. Finally, there are great variations in the percentage of infcction of Gobius paganellus at neighbouring points of the coast.
Laboratory Observations On the Life History of the Isopod Sphaeroma Quadridentatum Say, 1818
Authors: Borowsky Betty 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAdult Sphaeroma quadridentatum were maintained in the laboratory for up to tcn months. It was found that males exhibit terminal molts, but females continue to molt until they die. Mature females alternate reproductive and resting intermolt periods, and these periods are characterized by distinct oostegite morphologies. Immature females have small rounded oostegites; brooding females have large, overlapping oostegites, and females in the resting stage have small oostegites with arrow-shaped, angled tips. Amplexus only precedes a reproductive molt, but is not a prerequisite for fertilization. Copulation occurs in the interval between the female's shedding the posterior and anterior parts of the exoskeleton. Brood sizes ranged from 14 to 67, x = 33.7±11.3. Offspring were cultured to maturity in the laboratory, but this took as long as five months, and there was a mortality rate of 48%. Given the relatively lengthy time to maturity, and the relatively high rate of juvenile mortality, culturing this species for use in bioassays is not cost-effective.
The Puerulus Settlement of Red Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus) in Bahía Tortugas, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Alejandro Villa B. , Belmar-Pérez Jorge , Sara De La Campa J. , GUZMÁN-DEL PRÓO Sergio A. , Carrillo-Laguna Jorge 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe settlement of the puerulus stage of the Red Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) was measured in Bahía Tortugas, Baja California, using artificial collectors of the GuSi type. In the period 1993-1995 monthly sampling during the new moon phase was carried out. Catch rates per collector ranged from 1 to 10 pueruli. Mean catch per site ranged from 0 to 2.52 puerulus/collector/new moon phase. The general settlement pattern showed a conspicuous seasonal cycle where autumn was the dominant season, during spring there was a second minor peak. In both years September and October showed the highest catches, but September 1994 to February 1995 was a longer settlement period with maximum catches. The carapace length varied from 6.5 to 33.5 mm, 7.5 mm being the most frequent size. The season of maximum settlement seems to be related with a maximum sea temperature (20 to 21°C) which in Baja California occurs during the autumn.
Grasping Behavior of Male Snow Crab Chionoecetes Opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Majidae)
Authors: Comeau Michel , Moriyasu Mikio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe grasping behavior of snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, was observed in 43 males when only male crabs were collectively held in an aquarium. A larger male always grasped a smaller sized male which exhibited submissive behavior similar to a mature female in a mating pair. This grasping behavior was observed in terminal molt larger sized males except for one case observed for one intermolt juvenile male. During the mating season, although a wide size range of morphometrically mature males was present (51.0-131.0 mm in carapace width) in the wild population, mainly larger sized morphometrically mature males (72.1-128.4 mm in carapace width) participated in the mating courtship. A small number of solitary males was observed on the mating ground and their sizes were comparable to the males in mating pairs. Among the males in mating pairs, the larger sized males tend to occupy favorable mating grounds at greater depths, while the smaller sized males are found on less favorable grounds. The grasping behavior observed in the aquarium and in the wild suggests that the male-male grasping behavior appears to be related to the establishment of hierarchy among the mating males. Smaller sized morphometrically mature males appear to be eliminated before the mating pairs are formed and appear on the mating ground. On the mating ground, the second phase of competition among males occurs for favorable mating grounds.
Historical Review of Lobster Life History Terminology and Proposed Modifications To Current Schemes
Authors: Lawton Peter , Lavalli Kari L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTerms for the life history and developmental phases of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, vary substantially and have been frequently revised (Cobb et al., 1983; Hudon, 1987; Barshaw & Bryant-Rich, 1988; Wahle & Steneck, 1991; Cobb & Wahle, 1994). Their evolution shows several trends: (1) acknowledgement of pronounced morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes accompanying a metamorphic molt into the fourth pelagic stage; (2) recognition of behavioral changes (facilitated by decreasing mortality risk) leading to increased vagility over the size range ~ 5 to 40 mm carapace length (CL), and (3) consideration of the impact of reproductive maturation on lobster movement and social interaction. Before further modifying current terminological schemes (Wahle & Steneck, 1991; Cobb & Wahle, 1994), a historical perspective is provided and problems with existing schemes are presented. Our proposed scheme, which better integrates ecological ontogeny with developmental, biological, and individual behavioral attributes, partitions the life history into seven phases (exclusive of the attached egg and prelarval stages): pelagic larval, postlarval, shelter-restricted juvenile, emergent juvenile, vagile juvenile, adolescent, and adult. It should also provide a template from which to standardize life history schemes for spiny lobsters where there are similar problems with current terminology.
A Detailed Redescription of the Pseudochirella Obesa Female (Copepoda, Calanoida). Ii. Antennae and Mouthparts
Authors: Rijerkerk C.D.M. , Von Vaupel Klein J.C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this Part II of the detailed account on the morphology of the Pseudochirella obesa female, the antennae and the oral appendages are reported upon. Reference is made to Parts I and III, respectively, for technical details and for a summary discussion of the results (cf. Von Vaupel Klein & Rijerkerk, 1996 and in press).
Oniscidea (Isopoda) From Lord Howe Island
Authors: Lewis Fiona 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSix species of Oniscidea have previously been recorded from Lord Howe Island: Ligia australiensis, Tasmanoniscus evansi, Australophiloscia nichollsi, Australiodillo insularis, Australiodillo primitivus, and Orthodillo chiltoni. The following new taxa from Lord Howe Island are here described: Trichorhina sp., two new species of Anchicubaris, four new species of Australiodillo, seven new species of Cubaris, a new species each of Pseudodiploexochus and Pyrgoniscus, and a new genus and species Sphenodillo agnostos. The presence of Actaecia bipleura (Lewis & Green, 1995) is noted. A key to the species of Armadillidae of Lord Howe Island is given.
Phenomenological Research in Schizophrenia: From Philosophical Anthropology to Empirical Science
Authors: Davidson Larry 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe subjective experience of schizophrenia, its cause, and its course have been consistent topics of interest within the phenomenological tradition since its inception. After 80 years of study and the efforts of many investigators, however, phenomenological contributions have so far had only a modest impact on current understandings of this disorder. In this article, the author reviews the methodological and theoretical issues involved in the development of a phenomenological approach to understanding schizophrenia. Drawing examples from his own empirical research, the author illustrates the three steps of description, understanding, and explanation required by an application of the phenomenological method to this empirical domain. He then considers obstacles to the acceptance of insights generated through this method by the mainstream psychiatric community. In conclusion, he suggests that the promise offered by a phenomenological approach will most likely be fulfilled when investigators appeal to the phenomenological conviction in intentionality to provide the guidelines for an empirical science of subjective life.
A Phenomenological Study of Dream Interpretation Among the Xhosa-Speaking People in Rural South Africa
Authors: Schweitzer Robert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPsychologists investigating dreams in non-Western cultures have generally not considered the meanings of dreams within the unique meaning-structure of the person in his or her societal context. The study was concerned with explicating the indigenous system of dream interpretation of the Xhosa-speaking people, as revealed by acknowledged dream experts, and elaborating upon the life-world of the participants. Fifty dreams and their interpretations were collected from participants, who were traditional healers and their clients. A phenomenological methodology was adopted in explicating the data. Themes explicated included : the physiognomy of the dreamer's life-world as revealed by significant dreams, the interpretation of significant dreams as revealed through action, and human bodiliness as revealed in dream interpretations. The participants' approach to dreams is not based upon an explicit theory, but upon an immediate and pathic understanding of the dream phenomenon. The understanding is based upon the interpreter's concrete understanding of the life-world, which includes the possibility of cosmic integration and continuity between personal and trans-personal realms of being.
Gaston Bachelard and Phenomenology: Outline of a Theory of the Imagination
Authors: Thiboutot C. , Martinez A. , Jager David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGaston Bachelard's thought remains a continual source of inspiration for a phenomenological psychology that takes human habitation as a fundamental given and as an abiding mystery of the human condition. the following essay explores the ideas Bachelard developed in the course of his study of poetry. It examines in particular his vision of imagination as a unique passage way by means of which we reach an inhabitable, intersubjective and fully human world. Within that perspective, our lives are constantly renewed by the appearance of a revealing image or a telling metaphor. Each time that we are awakened by this appeal we commemorate the birth and rebirth of a human world.