bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract for its In vitro Antibacterial Properties, Mechanism of Action, and In vivo Corneal Ulcer Healing Effects in Rabbits’ Eyes
Authors: Bibi Ayesha , Dhanawat Meenakshi , Aman Shahbaz , Chauhan Samrat , Chalotra Rishabh , Mujwar Somdutt , Kaur Narinder , Maivagna Chamasse Homary , Gupta Sumeet 
Published: April 2024

Background:
M. oleifera is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems
and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods,
snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has immense promising applications by offering antimicrobial
and antibacterial activities for targeted uses. This validates the court of Hippocrates that let
food be the medicine and medicine be the food for which moringa qualifies.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the antioxidant properties of M. oleifera, in
vitro antibacterial activity of hydro-ethanolic extract, and further investigate in vivo healing potential
of M. oleifera for corneal ulcers and in silico analysis.

Methods:
To evaluate the antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial potency of the hydro-ethanolic extract
of M. oleifera on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus using
agar well diffusion assay. Furthermore, in vivo, healing response of M. oleifera extract was
analysed on corneal ulcers induced in rabbit eyes infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus.

Results:
The M. oleifera extract exhibited exponential antioxidant activity. In-vitro antibacterial
activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay showing zone of inhibition ranging from 11.05
± 0.36 to 20 ± 0.40 mm at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/ml, whereas, in our finding,
no zone of inhibition was observed below 20 mg/ml concentration, which indicated that there is
threshold limit below which the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extract is not observed. Furthermore,
continuous application of 3% and 5% M. oleifera extract (eye drop) four times a day for
14 consecutive days showed a significant healing response of the eyes of rabbits with corneal ulcers.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that M. oleifera extract could be a viable alternative or in combination
could be used in existing antibacterial therapies for corneal ulcers. Additionally, there is a
possibility of commercial formulation of M. oleifera extract in the form of deliverable pharmaceutical
products; therefore, it should be explored further.
Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed for HIV-Associated
Osteonecrosis in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Kangpeng , Ma Rui , Zhao Rugang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In the post-epidemic era, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
remains one of the most prevalent and detrimental infectious diseases worldwide. The incidence
of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in AIDS patients is 100 times higher than that
in healthy individuals. Although Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is ultimately necessary for most
patients, there is still a dearth of evidence regarding its safety and efficacy in Chinese AIDS patients.

Methods:
The clinical data of 49 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrospectively
analyzed. Simultaneously, we categorized patients whose hemoglobin and albumin met
a specific threshold as the optimized group and performed group comparisons.

Results:
There are statistical differences in Harris score and VAS score pre- and post-operation,
with a low overall complication rate. Notably, no disparities were observed between the optimized
group and the partial optimized group in terms of overall conditions, laboratory examination
indicators, severity of ONFH, surgical outcomes, surgical complications, pain perception or
functional limitations. Furthermore, no correlation was found between CD4+ T lymphocytes and
hemoglobin levels, albumin levels, white blood cell count, or platelet count.

Conclusion:
THA is safe and effective in Chinese AIDS patients with ONFH. However, optimal
treatment has limited efficacy in AIDS patients undergoing THA for ONFH. The reconsideration
and evaluation of the predictive value of CD4+ T lymphocytes for postoperative complications in
joint replacement procedures is warranted.
Examining the Sensing Technology in Microfluidic Sensors with Material
for Various Microfluidic Applications: A Review
Authors: Saxena Ankur , Kakde Bhagwat , Mishra Ajay Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Microfluidic sensors have garnered significant attention over the past decade due to
the growing need for microsystem automation and their applications in biology and optical control.
This review paper explores the extensive use of microfluidic applications across diverse sectors,
including medical, optical, and automation. The study examines various types of microfluidic
sensors tailored for specific applications and analyzes the materials employed in microfluidic
chips, including their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it delves into specific
microfluidic pressure sensors, elucidating their underlying principles and methods for detecting
parameters. This paper explores the concept of microfluidics sensing mechanisms with
biomedical applications, flow sensor application to measure the pressure of a fluid, thermal sensor
application to measure the cell temperature, and chemical sensor application to measure the
concentration of chemicals such as glucose and cocaine. This material is utilized to design the
sensor and fabricate the device to measure the fluid properties and effect of fluid in the channel.
The paper also explores the need for microfluidic pressure sensors in different categories of applications.
In conclusion, the research highlights the existing research gaps within the realm of
microfluidic sensors.
Breaking Down the Blockchain Architecture: Components, Characteristics
and Future Trends
Authors: Goel Aarti , Mishra Anurag , Yadav Vikash 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Blockchain, the revolutionary technology behind the existence of cryptocurrencies has
received enormous recognition worldwide due to its immutable system which allows transactions
to take place in a decentralized manner ensuring security and accountability. In a trustless environment,
blockchain systems work consistently, where each block’s data is distributed across a
dense peer-to-peer (P2P) network. In this type of network, each node acts as a backup because all
transactions are stored in every node. It follows a set of validation criteria that provide transparency,
trust, and data security. Blockchain primarily works on a P2P network which is generally
more secure, prohibiting any attack or failure at a single point that might be encountered in the
case of a centralized network. All nodes present in it work in association with a consensus algorithm
to provide services in a synchronized manner, which makes the working of blockchain robust
and much more resilient.
A blockchain network is defined as the interconnection of many nodes, and each node holds a
copy of the ledger. It can be observed as a continuously growing chain of blocks, and blocks are
interconnected with the support of a hash function. Block-chain-based solutions are used in financial
services, healthcare, the Internet of Things, and so on. However, this technology holds
the potential to overcome many obstacles such as technical issues, rapid change, and lack of acceptance
on a global level that it is currently facing. This chapter deals with blockchain Architecture,
various consensus algorithms used in different blockchains, and future trends of this technology.
It also explains its key components and characteristics that would help us understand the
topic in greater depth.
Thermo-Acoustic Behaviour of K2CrO4 and K4 [Fe(CN)6] in Aqueous Dimethylformamide at Different Temperatures
Authors: Panda Rajalaxmi , Panda Subhraraj , Biswal Susanta Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Acoustic parameters can help us understand how temperature and
concentration affect the behaviour of potassium ferrocyanide and potassium chromate electrolytes
in the aqueous solvent Dimethylformamide.

Methods:
The solution's density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic speed (u) were measured
at various concentrations and temperatures (ranging from 293 K to 313 K) using a pycnometer,
an Ostwald viscometer, and an ultrasonic interferometer at frequencies of 1MHz,
respectively. Based on these measurements, other acoustic parameters were calculated,
such as free length (Lr), internal pressure (πi), adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance
(Z), relaxation time (τ), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG).

Results:
These acoustic and thermodynamic parameters were used to explore various interactions,
molecular motion, and interaction modes, as well as their effects, which were influenced
by the size of the pure component and the mixtures. The analysis showed that
changes in temperature and concentration led to specific parameter differences, which affected
the interactions between the solute and solvent.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that increasing the concentration of the mixture increased
the density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity due to the interaction between the
solute and solvent, indicating molecular interaction in the mixture.
Estimation of Radiation Dose Parameters of High-Resolution Computed
Tomography Chest Examination for COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective
Study
Authors: Bhatt Mahesh Chandra , Upmanyu Arun , Bansal Subhash Chand , Dogra Ayush 
Published: April 2024

Background::
During the COVID-19 pandemic, high-resolution computed tomography
chest examination was widely used to diagnose the coronavirus disease. Thus, radiation dose optimization
is an essential requirement to decrease the risk of radiation hazards.

Objective::
This study aimed to estimate the radiation dose parameters of high-resolution computed
tomography chest examination of COVID-19 patients using automatic tube current modulation technique
and compare the values with various standard diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) available in
the literature.

Materials and Methods::
It is a retrospective study conducted on 205 patients with COVID-19, including
144 males and 61 females with a median age of 49 years. All patients with clinical and positive
laboratory findings were confirmed by an RT-PCR test. The data were collected from the Department
of Radiodiagnosis Government Base Hospital Almora (Uttarakhand) from September 2020
to May 2021. All patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography chest examination with
an automatic tube current modulation technique. Radiation dose parameters, such as Volume Computed
Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP), were extracted from the
dose report, and Effective dose (ED) was calculated.

Results::
The mean volume computed tomography dose index, dose length product, and effective
dose were 4.36 mGy, 136.29 mGy.cm, and 1.8mSv respectively.

Conclusion::
Volume computed tomography dose index and dose length product values at the 75th
percentile were well below the various DRLs, which confirmed the usefulness of the automatic tube
current modulation technique in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest for dose
optimization at 120 kV.
Dampak Implementasi Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) di Berbagai Negara
Authors: Dewi May Prastika , Rahmawati Selly 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan dampak implementasi Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) di berbagai negara. Khususnya pada partisipasi atau komitmen peserta didik, kepuasan peserta didik, dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada implementasi mengetahui dan menjelaskan dampak implementasi Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) di berbagai negara. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kajian literatur atau sistematic literature review. Kajian literatur merupakan metode penelitian yang melibatkan mendeskripsikan atau menguraikan literatur yang relevan untuk topik atau bidang tertentu. Penelitian ini melaksanakan review dengan 9 artikel yang terdiri dari 7 artikel internasional dan 2 artikel nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) keterlibatan peserta didik dipengaruhi oleh efikasi diri pembelajaran berbasis web, komitmen, insentif uang, efikasi diri akademik, kehadiran mengajar pengajar, manfaat yang dirasakan, metakognisi, pembelajaran mandiri, serta tantangan dan kontrol memiliki peran terbatas pada keterlibatan peserta didik; 2) kepuasan peserta didik dipengaruhi oleh kemudaan penggunaan dan manfaat yang dirasakan peserta didik.; dan 3) Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) berpengaruh pada hasil belajar peserta didik serta dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS DAN INOVASI PAMONG DESA MELALUI PELATIHAN MANAJAMEN ARSIP ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Diah Kusuma Chusnu Syarifa , Rusdiyanto Wahyu , Nugroho Fajar Wahyu 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) ini adalah untuk mencegah terjadinya kehilangan dan kerusakan arsip di kantor kecamatan di Desa Ketawang Kecamatan Grabag Kabupaten Magelang serta meningkatkan kemampuan pamong desa dalam mengelola arsip berbasis komputer. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan kepada pamong Desa Ketawang. Desa Ketawang dipilih sebagai sasaran kegiatan pelatihan ini, mengingat desa tersebut adalah desa yang tidak produktif secara ekonomi/sosial, namun memberikan pelayanan publik dasar yang dibutuhkan masyarakat desa yang dapat mengakibatkan tingkat kerusakan dan kehilangan arsip sangat tinggi. Pelaksanaan pelatihan diadakan di Kantor di Desa Ketawang pada tanggal 17-18 Juli 2023.Hasilnya bahwa pemahaman peserta PPM telah meningkat terkait perbedaan kearsipan manual dan elektronik, kearsipan digital, praktik manajemen arsip elektronik, pembuatan dan praktik sistem kearsipan elektronik setelah diadakan PPM
A Brief Workplace Training Program to Support Help-Seeking for Mental Ill-Health: Protocol for the Helipad Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Batterham Philip J , Gulliver Amelia , Heffernan Cassandra , Calear Alison L , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Turner Alyna , Farrer Louise M , Chatterton Mary Lou , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Berk Michael 
Published: April 2024

Background
Most people with mental health problems do not seek help, with delays of even decades in seeking professional help. Lack of engagement with professional mental health services can lead to poor outcomes and functional impairment. However, few effective interventions have been identified to improve help-seeking in adults, and those that exist are not widely implemented to deliver public health impact. Co-designing interventions with people with lived experience of mental ill-health and other relevant stakeholders is critical to increase the likelihood of uptake and engagement with these programs.

Objective
This study aims to (1) test the effectiveness of a co-designed help-seeking program on increasing professional help-seeking intentions in employees in a workplace setting; (2) determine whether the program reduces mental illness stigma and improves help-seeking intentions and behavior, mental health literacy, mental health symptoms, and work and activity functioning relative to the control condition; (3) explore factors that facilitate broader implementation of the co-designed program; and (4) explore the cost-effectiveness of the co-designed program compared to the control condition over 6 months.

Methods
A 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted (target sample: N=900 from 30 to 36 workplaces, with n=25 to 35 participants per workplace). The trial will compare the relative effectiveness of an enhanced interactive program (intervention condition) with a standard psychoeducation-alone program (active control condition) on the primary outcome of professional help-seeking intentions as measured by the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include the impact on mental illness stigma; mental health literacy; help-seeking attitudes and behavior; work and activity functioning; quality of life; and symptoms of mental ill-health including depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress.

Results
Facilitators of and risks to the trial are identified and addressed in this protocol. Recruitment of workplaces is scheduled to commence in the first quarter of 2024.

Conclusions
If effective, the program has the potential to be ready for rapid dissemination throughout Australia, with the potential to increase appropriate and efficient service use across the spectrum of evidence-based services.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12623000270617p; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385376

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/55529
Lipid metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity under the influence of treatment
Authors: Derbak M.A. , Lizanets N.V. , Hanych O.T. , Mashura V.V. , Mashura H.Y. , Ustych O.V. , Rostoka L.M. 
Published: April 2024

Background. In patients with advanced stages of liver fibrosis, progression of liver fibrosis and obesity may be observed after complete elimination of hepatitis C virus. The aim of the research was to study the impact of antiviral therapy on lipid metabolism indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods. Eighty-two patients were under observation, 56 with CHC combined with NAFLD and 26 with CHC. They were divided into three groups: first one (n = 23) — patients with CHC with NAFLD and obesity, second (n = 33) — participants with CHC, NAFLD and overweight, third group (n = 26) — CHC patients with normal body weight. All patients underwent determination of blood lipid spectrum and cytokines Ang-2, TGF-β1, TNF-α and neopterin, IL-6. The degree of liver fibrosis and steatosis was determined using FibroMax. Patients received sofosbuvir 400 mg, daclatasvir 60 mg once a day for 12 weeks. Results. The study found that 8 patients had liver fibrosis F3–4, 11 people — F2–3, 23 — F1–2, and 37 people — F0–1. Sustained virological response was achieved in 95.1 % of patients with CHC. No response was received in 4.9 % of patients who had advanced stages of liver fibrosis and obesity or increased body weight. After the treatment, a slight increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was registered in 61.1 % of patients in group 3, 50 % in group 2, and only in 31.2 % of patients in group 1. Content of total cholesterol tended to increase in patients of groups 1 and 2 and remained unchanged in group 3. Although the changes in the levels of low- and very low-density lipoprotein were statistically significant, they were not large in terms of absolute values. In 62.5 % of CHC patients with concomitant NAFLD who had obesity or increased body weight and F3–4 fibrosis, even after complete elimination of the virus, the levels of Ang-2 and TGF-β1 remain high and positively correlate with the degree of steatosis and the stage of liver fibrosis. Conclusions. After the successful elimination of the hepatitis C virus, lipid metabolism disorders are registered in patients with concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, F3–4 fibrosis and increased body weight
The features of heart failure of ischemic origin in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kulaiets N.M. 
Published: April 2024

Background. Heart failure (HF) is the final stage of the cardiovascular diseases and one of the main causes of mortality due to them. The prevalence of HF has been steadily increasing in recent years and is ≈ 2 % of the adult population. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among factors that worsen the prognosis of HF. Type 2 DM is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of HF, and the level of fasting plasma glucose, as well as an increased content of HbA1c are significantly associated with an elevated risk of developing HF. The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of the course of HF, which occurred against the background of postinfarction cardiosclerosis, in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) and DM. Materials and methods. Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with HF on the background of postinfarction cardiosclerosis aged 45–65 (54.3 ± 7.2) years were examined, 198 (49.7 %) women and 200 (50.3 %) men. Two hundred and twenty-six (56.8 %) patients had permanent AF, 102 (25.6 %) had concomitant type 2 DM. Diagnoses of AF and HF were carried out in accordance with the clinical protocol for providing medical care to patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated July 3, 2006 No. 436 and in accordance with the 2021 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. In addition to general clinical and biochemical blood tests, enzyme immunoassays were performed to determine brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP, galectin-3 and ST-2. A standardized echocardiographic examination was conducted with calculations of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and heart dimensions during hospitalization. Results. Patients with HF and concomitant DM, compared to participants without impaired carbohydrate metabolism, have a higher frequency of the disease phenotype with preserved LVEF (48.0 %), higher New York Heart Association functional classes (FC III — 70.0 %) and the risk of re-hospitalization (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.14 (2.05–5.68)). For patients with HF and a permanent AF, but without existing DM, a more pronounced dilatation of the heart cavities, a lower LVEF (by 15 %) and a high risk of re-hospitalization during the first year (HR = 1.235 (1.024–1.489)) are typical. Patients with HF and a concomitant combination of AF and DM have the most unfavorable course of heart pathology: the increased size of the left ventricle is more often registered, and its systolic function is worse (by 19.3 %), with high frequency of the phenotype with reduced LVEF (51.9 %), FC IV (46.2 %), the highest risk of re-hospitalization (HR = 11.30 (4.73–27.04)) and one-year death (HR = 2.95 (2.00–4.36)). Conclusions. Given the risk of re-hospitalization and one-year mortality, the most unfavo­rable combination of concomitant pathology in patients with heart failure of ischemic origin is atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus.
The Expanding Problem of Regional Adiposity: Revisiting a 1985 Diabetes Classic by Ohlson et al.
Authors: Gupta Olga T. , Gupta Rana K. 
Published: April 2024

Body fat distribution is a predictor of metabolic health in obesity. In this Classics in Diabetes article, we revisit a 1985 Diabetes article by Swedish investigators Ohlson et al. This work was one of the first prospective population-based studies that established a relationship between abdominal adiposity and the risk for developing diabetes. Here, we discuss evolving concepts regarding the link between regional adiposity and diabetes and other chronic disorders. Moreover, we highlight fundamental questions that remain unresolved.