bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Aerosol Property Profiling by Multiwavelength Lidar under Varying Relative Humidity Conditions
Authors: Veselovskii I. , Whiteman D. N. , Kolgotin A. , Andrews E. , Korenskii M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The feasibility of using a multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser for profiling aerosol physical parameters in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) under varying conditions of relative humidity (RH) is studied. The lidar quantifies three aerosol backscattering and two extinction coefficients and from these optical data the particle parameters such as concentration, size, and complex refractive index are retrieved through inversion with regularization. The column-integrated, lidar-derived parameters are compared with results from the AERONET sun photometer. The lidar and sun photometer agree well in the characterization of the fine-mode parameters, however the lidar shows less sensitivity to coarse mode. The lidar results reveal a strong dependence of particle properties on RH. The height regions with enhanced RH are characterized by an increase of backscattering and extinction coefficient and a decrease in the Ångström exponent coinciding with an increase in the particle size. The hygroscopic growth factor calculated for a select case is consistent with previous literature results despite the lack of collocated radiosonde data. These results demonstrate the potential of the multiwavelength Raman lidar technique for the study of aerosol humidification process.
Multimodel Ensemble ENSO Prediction with CCSM and CFS
Authors: Kirtman Ben P. , Min Dughong 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Results are described from a large sample of coupled ocean–atmosphere retrospective forecasts during 1982–98. The prediction system is based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3.0), and a state-of-the-art ocean data assimilation system made available by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The retrospective forecasts are initialized in January, April, July, and November of each year, and ensembles of 6 forecasts are run for each initial month, yielding a total of 408 1-yr predictions. In generating the ensemble members, perturbations are added to the atmospheric initial state only. The skill of the prediction system is analyzed from both a deterministic and a probabilistic perspective, it is then compared to the operational NOAA Climate Forecast System (CFS), and the forecasts are combined with CFS to produce a multimodel prediction system. While the skill scores for each model are highly dependent on lead time and initialization month, the overall level of skill of the individual models is quite comparable. The multimodel combination (i.e., the unweighted average of the forecast), while not always the most skillful, is generally as skillful as the best model, using either deterministic or probabilistic skill metrics.
Biomechanical Analysis Comparing a Traditional Superior-Inferior Arthroscopic Rotator Interval Closure With a Novel Medial-Lateral Technique in a Cadaveric Multidirectional Instability Model
Authors: Farber Adam J. , ElAttrache Neal S. , Tibone James E. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: March 2009

Background Commonly performed arthroscopic rotator interval closure techniques that imbricate the rotator interval in a superior-inferior direction have been unable to reproduce the stabilizing effects of an open medial-lateral rotator interval imbrication. Hypothesis The medial-lateral rotator interval closure will allow less inferior and posterior glenohumeral translation than the superior-inferior rotator interval closure, and the medial-lateral rotator interval closure will result in less loss of external rotation than the superior-inferior closure. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eight match-paired cadaveric shoulders were stretched to 10% beyond the maximum range of motion in 0° and 60° of glenohumeral abduction to create a multidirectional instability model. Shoulders were then repaired using a superior-inferior rotator interval closure or an arthroscopic medial-lateral rotator interval closure with an anchor in the humeral head. Rotational range of motion, glenohumeral translation, and humeral head apex position were measured for intact, stretched, and repaired conditions in both 0° and 60° of glenohumeral abduction. Results In 0° of abduction, after both rotator interval closure techniques, external rotation decreased significantly (by 4.4%; P < .05) relative to the stretched state and was restored to the intact state. In 60° of abduction, only the medial-lateral rotator interval closure restored range of motion to the intact state. In 60° of abduction, the medial-lateral rotator interval closure was more effective in reducing posterior translation than was the superior-inferior closure ( P = .03). Conclusion The medial-lateral rotator interval closure restored range of motion to the intact state better than the superior-inferior closure. Compared with the superior-inferior rotator interval closure, the medial-lateral closure significantly decreased posterior translation with the shoulder in abduction and external rotation. Clinical Relevance Arthroscopic medial-lateral rotator interval closure with a suture anchor in the humeral head can be considered in the surgical treatment of patients with multidirectional instability, especially those with a component of posterior instability, without concern for excessive loss of range of motion.
Association of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with type 2 diabetes in two ethnic groups of Jerba Island in Tunisia
Authors: Baroudi Thouraya , Bouhaha Rym , Moran-Moguel Chrystine , Sanchez-Corona Jose , Ben Maiz Hedi , Kammoun Abid Hafaoua , Benammar-Elgaaied Amel 
Published: March 2009

Introduction.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on the prediction of type 2 diabetes in two ethnic populations from Jerba Island,Tunisia. Methods. In this study, we analysed the genotypic and the allelic distributions of the ACE I/D polymorphism and conducted a case/control association study between healthy normoglycaemic controls and diabetic patients in the two studied groups.ACE gene polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction in 272 individuals consisting of 172 diabetic subjects and 100 controls. Results.The genotype frequencies for DD, ID and II were 75.50%, 19.60% and 4.89% inArabs and 76.66%, 16.66% and 6.67% in Berbers, respectively, in the case group, and 42.85%, 35.71% and 21.43% inArabs and 57.50%, 22.50% and 20.00% in Berbers, respectively, in the control group.The DD frequency was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p<0.001), suggesting that the DD genotype is associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in our study populations. Conclusions.The current investigation provides new evidence regarding the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Jerbian populations. Furthermore, it underlines the importance of ethnicity, which should be considered in all studies aiming to test the genetic effects on the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
Meta-analysis of association of ACE2 G8790A polymorphism with Chinese Han essential hypertension
Authors: Zhou Jian-Bo , Yang Jin-Kui 
Published: March 2009

Introduction. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association of ACE2 G8790A polymorphism with essential hypertension. Materials and methods. The references were retrieved through MEDLINE, Wanfang and VIP Information.The analyses were performed by the software STATA 9.0. Results. No significant publication bias was observed.The combined data showed no association of the frequencies of the A allele with essential hypertension odds ratio (OR)=1.09 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.98—1.20;p=0.11 in female patients. No associations were shown between the frequencies of the A allele with the genetic susceptibility to essential hypertension in male patients (OR=1.11 95% CI=0.95—1.29; p=0.19). Conclusion. The meta-analysis suggests that ACE2 G8790A polymorphism may not be a genetic risk factor for essential hypertension in a Chinese Han population.
Sunday School Libraries in Halifax and Huddersfield before Public Libraries
Authors: Parr Linda J 
Published: March 2009

Before the end of the nineteenth century, when municipal public libraries were beginning to proliferate all over the country, working-class children had few outlets from where to borrow educational books. Sunday school libraries, which rapidly increased from the 1820s, helped to fill that gap. Sunday schools, which were established by Anglican and Nonconformist churches and chapels alike, brought elementary education to many children, and their libraries provided useful books, though often of a religious or moral nature. This study considers the area covered by the parishes of Halifax and Huddersfield in Yorkshire, which had one of the highest concentrations of Sunday schools. This article has been compiled, and inevitably reduced, from material contained in the author's unpublished Ph.D. thesis, A history of libraries in Halifax and Huddersfield from the mid-sixteenth century to the coming of the public libraries (University of London, 2003). Sadly, the author died only a few months after the thesis had been accepted and the degree conferred. She was Librarian of the Princess Alexandra College of Nursing, London. The editor of this article is grateful to Linda Parr's mother for permission to draw on the thesis, and to her supervisor, Dr Elizabeth Danbury, formerly of University College, London, for her co-operation. The author previously published two articles related to the theme of the thesis: 'The library of Halifax Mechanics' Institution 1825–1857', Library History 7 (1987), 177–186, and 'Ye olde Luddenden Library, c1776–1917', Transactions of the Halifax Antiquarian Society new ser. 11 (2003) 82–97.
NPM-ALK inhibits the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in an MDM2 and JNK-dependent manner
Authors: Cui Yu-Xin , Kerby Alan , McDuff Fiona Kate Elizabeth , Ye Hongtao , Turner Suzanne Dawn 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is characterized by the presence of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) generating the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) fusion protein, a hyperactive kinase with transforming properties. Among these properties is the ability to regulate activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. In many human cancers, p53 is inactivated by mutation or other means, in some cases as a result of up-regulation of the negative regulator MDM2. However, the majority of ALK-expressing ALCL carry wild-type p53 and do not over express MDM2. We demonstrate a novel p53-dependent pathogenetic mechanism in ALK-expressing lymphoma. We confirm previously published reports of NPM-ALK–induced activation of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress-activated protein (SAP) kinase proteins, but in this study demonstrate a role for these in the regulation of p53 activity in an intricate signaling system. Specifically, constitutive ALK signaling leads to the functional inactivation and/or degradation of p53 in JNK and MDM2 dependent manners. We also show nuclear exclusion of p53 in a PI 3-kinase–dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reactivation of p53 in ALK-expressing cells as a result of pharmacologic inhibition of JNK, PI 3-kinase, and/or MDM2 activities results in the induction of apoptosis suggesting a novel therapeutic modality.
Role of GM-CSF signaling in cell-based tumor immunization
Authors: Zarei Shohreh , Schwenter Frank , Luy Patricia , Aurrand-Lions Michel , Morel Philippe , Kopf Manfred , Dranoff Glenn , Mach Nicolas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a potent adjuvant in cancer vaccination; however, the specific role of endogenous GM-CSF remains unknown. We performed cell-based vaccination in 2 tumor models. First, we vaccinated C57BL/6 mice lacking either GM-CSF, IL-5, or beta-common chain (βc), a receptor subunit essential for GM-CSF and IL-5 signaling, with melanoma cells engineered to produce GM-CSF. Tumor vaccination was effective in both GM-CSF−/− and IL-5−/− mice, showing that protective immunization is independent of both endogenous cytokines. However, all βc−/− animals developed tumor. Loss of tumor immunity in βc−/− mice does not reflect global impairment in cell-mediated immunity, as contact hypersensitivity reaction to haptens is unaltered. The importance of tumor cell–derived GM-CSF was highlighted by recruitment of dendritic cells at the vaccination site in wild-type, GM-CSF−/−, and IL-5−/− but not in βc−/− mice. In the second model, vaccination with unmodified RENCA cells showed similar results with efficient immunization in BALB/c wild-type and GM-CSF−/−, whereas all βc−/− animals died. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that although endogenous GM-CSF and IL-5 are not required to induce tumor immunity, signaling through βc receptor is critically needed for efficient cancer vaccination in both genetically modified GM-CSF–secreting tumor cells and a spontaneously immunogenic models.
Cancer in dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Alter Blanche P. , Giri Neelam , Savage Sharon A. , Rosenberg Philip S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. The spectrum of cancer susceptibility in this disorder of telomere biology has not been described. There were more than 500 cases of DC reported in the literature from 1910 to 2008; the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prospective DC cohort enrolled 50 cases from 2002 to 2007. Sixty cancers were reported in 52 literature cases, while 7 occurred among patients in the NCI DC cohort. The 2 cohorts were comparable in their median overall survival (42 years) and cumulative incidence of cancer (40%-50% by age 50 years). The most frequent solid tumors were head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (40% of patients in either cohort), followed by skin and anorectal cancer. The ratio of observed to expected cancers (O/E ratio) in the NCI cohort was 11-fold compared with the general population (P < .05). Significantly elevated O/E ratios were 1154 for tongue cancer and 195 for acute myeloid leukemia. Survival after bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia or leukemia was poor in both cohorts. The frequency and types of cancer in DC are surpassed only by those in Fanconi anemia (FA), indicating that FA and DC have similarly high risks of adverse hematologic and neoplastic events, and patients with these diseases should be counseled and monitored similarly.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a distinctive vasculopathy
Authors: Overbeek M. J. , Vonk M. C. , Boonstra A. , Voskuyl A. E. , Vonk-Noordegraaf A. , Smit E. F. , Dijkmans B. A. C. , Postmus P. E. , Mooi W. J. , Heijdra Y. , Grünberg K. 
Published: March 2009

Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SScPAH) has a worse prognosis and response to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapy than idiopathic PAH (IPAH). These differences have not yet been explained. Knowledge concerning histological pulmonary vasculopathy in SScPAH is limited in contrast to IPAH. Therefore, we explored patterns of vasculopathy in SScPAH compared with IPAH.Parameters of vasculopathy were assessed from lung tissue of eight PAH patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and 11 IPAH patients. Lung tissue was obtained at autopsy (n = 15), explantation (n = 3) and biopsy (n = 1).Pulmonary arterial/arteriolar intimal fibrosis was identified in all SScPAH patients and in three IPAH patients (p = 0.003). Fibrosis of pulmonary veins/venules was found in all SScPAH patients and in three IPAH patients (p = 0.003). In four SScPAH patients, fibrosis of veins/venules was focal and associated with capillary congestion as in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). Of the IPAH patients, 10 had unequivocal evidence of plexogenic arteriopathy compared with none of the SScPAH patients (p = 0.001).SScPAH is characterised by small vessel intimal fibrosis, which is associated with a PVOD-like pattern in some cases. This might explain its different clinical behaviour from IPAH. Small vessel intimal fibrosis may provide clues to elucidation of differences in pathogenetic mechanisms between the groups.
Mature CD11c+cells are enhanced in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Girard M. , Israël-Assayag E. , Cormier Y. 
Published: March 2009

The present study verified the hypothesis that enhanced maturation of antigen-presenting CD11c+cells could explain the viral-induced exacerbated immune response toSaccharopolyspora rectivirgula(SR), the main antigen responsible for farmer’s lung, a classic form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).Four groups of mice were studied: group 1 received intranasal instillations of saline; group 2 received instillations of SR for 12 weeks; group 3 received instillations of saline and a single infection with Sendai virus on week 3; and group 4 received instillations of SR for 12 weeks with a single administration of Sendai virus on week 3. On week 13, mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Lungs were harvested, digested with enzymes, and CD11c+cells were analysed in flow cytometry with anti-CD11c, anti-CD86 and anti-major histocompatibility complex class II markers. Immunofluorescence studies were also performed with the same cell surface markers.Both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence results demonstrate that mature CD11c+cells are significantly enhanced in SR-challenged mice simultaneously infected with Sendai virus, compared with other groups. These CD11c+cells persist in the lung for 9 weeks after the virus infection.Maturation of CD11c+cells could explain, at least in part, the virus-induced increased immune response to SR antigens in this model of HP, but mechanisms have still to be elucidated.
Pulmonary function and exercise capacity in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Peetsold M. G. , Heij H. A. , Nagelkerke A. F. , IJsselstijn H. , Tibboel D. , Quanjer P. H. , Gemke R. J. B. J. 
Published: March 2009

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this study was to assess pulmonary function and exercise capacity and its early determinants in children and adolescents born with high-risk CDH (CDH-associated respiratory distress within the first 24 h) and to explore the relationship of these findings with CDH severity.Of 159 patients born with high-risk CDH, 84 survived. Of the 69 eligible patients, 53 children (mean±sdage 11.9±3.5 yrs) underwent spirometry, lung volume measurements and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Results of the pulmonary function tests were compared with those from a healthy control group matched for sex, age and height.CDH survivors had a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, maximum mid-expiratory flow and peak expiratory flow when compared with healthy controls. The residual volume/total lung capacity ratio was significantly higher. Linear regression analysis showed that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was an independent determinant of reduced FEV1and FVC. CPET results were normal in those tested.High-risk CDH survivors have mild to moderate pulmonary function abnormalities when compared with a healthy matched control group, which may be related to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in early life. Exercise capacity and gas exchange parameters were normal in those tested, indicating that the majority of patients do not have physical impairment.
Airway smooth muscle thickness in asthma is related to severity but not duration of asthma
Authors: James A. L. , Bai T. R. , Mauad T. , Abramson M. J. , Dolhnikoff M. , McKay K. O. , Maxwell P. S. , Elliot J. G. , Green F. H. 
Published: March 2009

Asthma is characterised by an increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) area (ASMarea) within the airway wall. The present study examined the relationship of factors including severity and duration of asthma to ASMarea.The perimeter of the basement membrane (PBM) and ASMareawere measured on transverse sections of large and small airways frompost mortemcases of fatal (n = 107) and nonfatal asthma (n = 37) and from control subjects (n = 69). The thickness of ASM (ASMarea/PBM) was compared between asthma groups using multivariate linear regression.When all airways were considered together, ASMarea/PBM (in millimetres) was increased in nonfatal (median 0.04; interquartile range 0.013–0.051; p = 0.034) and fatal cases of asthma (0.048; 0.025–0.078; p<0.001) compared with controls (0.036; 0.024–0.042). Compared with cases of nonfatal asthma, ASMarea/PBM was greater in cases of fatal asthma in large (p<0.001) and medium (p<0.001), but not small, airways. ASMarea/PBM was not related to duration of asthma, age of onset of asthma, sex or smoking. No effect due to study centre, other than that due to sampling strategy, was found.The thickness of the ASM layer is increased in asthma and is related to the severity of asthma but not its duration.
Inhibition of S6K1 accounts partially for the anti-inflammatory effects of the arginase inhibitor L-norvaline
Authors: Ming Xiu-Fen , Rajapakse Angana Gupta , Carvas João Miguel , Ruffieux Jean , Yang Zhihong 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Pharmacological inhibition of endothelial arginase-II has been shown to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and reduce atherogenesis in animal models. We investigated whether the endothelial arginase II is involved in inflammatory responses in endothelial cells.

Methods
Human endothelial cells were isolated from umbilical veins and stimulated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) for 4 hours. Endothelial expression of the inflammatory molecules i.e. vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin were assessed by immunoblotting.

Results
The induction of the expression of endothelial VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin by TNFα was concentration-dependently reduced by incubation of the endothelial cells with the arginase inhibitor L-norvaline. However, inhibition of arginase by another arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) had no effects. To confirm the role of arginase-II (the prominent isoform expressed in HUVECs) in the inflammatory responses, adenoviral mediated siRNA silencing of arginase-II knocked down the arginase II protein level, but did not inhibit the up-regulation of the adhesion molecules. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of L-norvaline was not reversed by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME and L-norvaline did not interfere with TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB, JNK, p38mapk, while it inhibited p70s6k (S6K1) activity. Silencing S6K1 prevented up-regulation of E-selectin, but not that of VCAM-1 or ICAM-1 induced by TNFα.

Conclusion
The arginase inhibitor L-norvaline exhibits anti-inflammatory effects independently of inhibition of arginase in human endothelial cells. The anti-inflammatory properties of L-norvaline are partially attributable to its ability to inhibit S6K1.