bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair dyes, analgesics, tranquilizers and perineal talc application as risk factors for ovarian cancer
Authors: Tzonou Anastasia , Polychronopoulou Argy , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Rebelakos Apostolos , Karakatsani Anna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a hospital‐based case‐control study of ovarian cancer conducted in Athens (1989‐1991), 189 women with histologically confirmed common malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary were compared with 200 hospital visitor controls. All interviews were conducted by personal interview in the 2 participating hospitals and the data were analyzed by modelling through logistic regression, controlling for demographic and reproductive variables. Tranquilizing and hypnotic drugs (mostly diazepam) were not associated with risk of ovarian cancer: the adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.96 (0.57 to 1.63), whereas use of analgesics (mostly salicylates) was associated with significantly reduced risk of the disease (RR 0.51; CI 0.26 to 1.02). There was no evidence that perineal application of talc was associated with increased risk (RR 1.05; CI 0.28 to 3.98) but the frequency of reporting talc use was low in the study population. There was a statistically significant (p for trend 0.007) and a dose‐dependent association between hair dyeing and risk of ovarian cancer. Compared to never‐users, women dyeing their hair up to 4 times per year had a relative risk of 1.74 (0.91 to 3.32) whereas those dyeing their hair 5 or more times per year had a relative risk of 2.16 (1. 19 to 3.89).
Incidence of infiltrating cancer following superficial bladder carcinoma
Authors: Levi Fabio , Vecchia Carlo La , Randimbison Lalao , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with histologically confirmed first diagnosis of superficial bladder carcinoma notified to the population‐based cancer registry of the Swiss Canton of Vaud during the calendar period 1974‐90 were actively followed‐up to December 31, 1990 for the occurrence of a subsequent invasive tumour of the urinary bladder. Among 1,012 incident cases of superficial bladder neoplasms, followed for a total of 6,286 person/years at risk, 93 infiltrating tumours of the urinary bladder were diagnosed. Only 5.3 cases were expected on the basis of the general population of the canton. The overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 17.5 (95% confidence interval, CI: 14.2–21.7). The SIR was significantly greater for females than for males. The SIR was highest between I and 4 years following registration of noninfiltrating cancer, and declined thereafter. The cumulative risk of invasive bladder cancer was 7%, 13%, and 16%, after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. This work provides population‐based, accurate and reliable estimates of the risk of invasive bladder cancer following non‐infiltrating cancers. Although the overall relative risk was almost 20‐fold higher than in the general population, the cumulative risk of developing an invasive bladder cancer was only 16% at 15 years.
Defective vasculature in fibronectin‐receptor‐deficient cho cell tumors in nude mice
Authors: Schreiner C. L. , Fisher M. , Bauer J. , Juliano R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe level of expression of the α5/β1 integrin fibronectin receptor(FnR) strongly affects the growth rate of CHO cell tumors in nude mice. Here we report that α5/β1 expression also influences the organization of the tumor vasculature. Tumors formed from CHO clones defective in FnR expression have a leaky vasculature that gives them a hemorrhagic appearance. Tumors from wild‐type CHO cells, or from FnR‐deficient CHO clones transfected with constructs coding for the α5 integrin subunit, have an intact, non‐leaky vasculature. In tumors from FnR‐deficient cells, the endothelial lining of blood vessels is sparse, and red cells and plasma proteins can be detected in the tumor parenchyma. In tumors from cells expressing the α5/β1 FnR, tumor vessels are circumscribed by a lining of von‐Willebrand‐factor‐positive endothelial cells, and blood cells and proteins are confined to the vessel lumina. Thus, the level of expression of the α5/β1 FnR in the tumor parenchymal cells can influence the development of tumor vasculature. Since α5/β1 is vital to the organization of the extracellular matrix, one possibility is that altered matrix assembly contributes to the defective vascularization seen in α5/β1 ‐deficient tumors.
Association of insulin‐like growth‐factor‐I‐induced DNA synthesis with phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of p53 in human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhide , Suzuki Katsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman breast cancer MCF‐7 cells, growth‐arrested by serum starvation, were stimulated with recombinant human insulinlike growth factor‐1 (IGF‐I). An increase in DNA synthesis was induced 20 hr later, which was as effective as that induced by serum. The increase in DNA synthesis was significantly inhibited either by antibody to the IGF‐I receptor or by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, methyl‐2,5‐dihydroxycinnamate (2,5‐MeC). The IGF‐l‐induced DNA synthesis coincided with an elevated level of phosphorylation of p53 on tyrosine and an alteration in the subcellular distribution of the protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Whereas the increases in DNA synthesis and p53 phosphorylation were inhibited by antibody to the IGF‐I receptor and by 2,5‐Mec, the nuclear exclusion of p53 was prevented by the antibody and also, although not significantly, by 2,5‐Mec. The results suggest that growth stimulation of MCF‐7 cells by IGF‐I is accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of p53.
The value of histoquantitative measurements in prognostic assessment of renal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Eskelinen Matti , Aittooja Leena , Hall Outi , Lipponen Pertti , Syrjänen Kari 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a series of 135 patients with renal‐cell carcinomas (followed up for a mean of 9.5 years), a variety of clinical and histological factors were analyzed in relation to morphometric measurements of the nuclear parameters in the primary tumours to establish their value as prognostic factors. Clinical, histological and morphometric factors were significantly interrelated in that the metastatic high‐grade tumours had larger nuclei, larger variation in nuclear size and shape, and were also rapidly proliferating. In a univariate analysis, the most important clinical predictor of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was T category, followed by combined nuclear grade, N category, nuclear grade, tumour size, sex and M category. The most important quantitative predictor of RFS was the mean area of the 10 largest nuclei (NAIO), the mean of the longest nuclear axis (Dmax), SD of nuclear area (SDNA), the volume‐corrected mitotic index (M/V index), inflammatory‐cell reaction, SD of nuclear perimetry (SDPE), and the mean of nuclear area (NA). M category, T category, combined nuclear grade, nuclear grade and N category were significantly related to patient survival. Of the quantitative variables, M/V index, Dmaxand NA were significant predictors of survival in a univariate analysis. Females had longer RFS than men, and density of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) referred to an increased risk of recurrent tumour in both sexes. In a multivariate analysis, the RFS was independently predicted by the clinical stage, female sex and mitotic frequency/mm2, while nuclear parameters or nuclear grading had no independent prognostic value. The extent of the primary tumour was the single most important determinant of survival, followed by the proliferation rate of the tumour. In local TI‐2NOMO tumours, mitotic frequency/mm2was the only independent prognostic factor for RFS. The clinical stage, mitotic frequency/mm2, nuclear grade and density of TIL were independent predictors in Cox's analysis. In these local tumours, mitotic frequency/mm2of neoplastic epithelium was the only independent prognostic factor. The results indicate that although an accurate prognostic evaluation of renal‐cell carcinomas can be based on subjective nuclear grading and histoquanti‐tative measurements of nuclear parameters, the simple assessment of mitotic frequency alone supplies most of the prognostic data, particularly in local tumours.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma: Association with height, weight and body‐surface area. A prospective study in Norway
Authors: Thune Inger , Olsen Anne , Albrektsen Grethe , Tretli Steinar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate whether anthropometric indices as body height, body‐mass index (BMI) and body‐surface area (BSA) have any influence on the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), we analyzed height and weight data from a Norwegian screening survey running between 1963 and 1975 and comprising 1.3 million individuals followed for 14 to 26 years. Among females, CMM was diagnosed in 2814 incident cases, while the number among males was 2144 during 22,988,345 person‐years of follow‐up. With adjustment for age, birth cohort, geographic region and BMI, the risk for CMM increased significantly with increasing quintiles of height in both sexes. The tallest persons were at greater relative risk than the shortest ones: 1.60 and 1.59 in males and females respectively. This positive association was also found for CMM localized on face and trunk in both sexes, and in the lower limbs only in females. Males in the highest quintile of BMI had a relative risk for CMM of 1.26 compared with the lowest quintile, while a non‐significant negative association were found in obese females. This negative association increased and was significant for CMM located on the trunk and lower limbs in females. Among males we observed a consistent association between BSA and risk of CMM similar to that for height. These relationships between anthropometric indices and CMM are discussed according to factors which promote growth, among which nutrition, social class and hormones are the most important.
The value of hepatitis B x antigen as a prognostic marker in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Minghua , London W. Thomas , Duan Ling‐Xun , Feitelson Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChronic infection with hepatitis‐B virus (HBV) is associated with high risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several studies have implicated that the X gene product(s) of HBV are important to the pathogenesis of HCC. This study tests the hypothesis that immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg) is closely associated with HCC. The patterns of HBxAg were determined by staining in tumor and non‐tumor liver sections from 30 Chinese patients with HBV‐associated HCC, and the results were compared with other markers of infection. HBxAg was the most prevalent marker of HBV infection both in tumor and in non‐tumor tissues of HCC patients, as compared with the hepatitis‐B surface and core antigens. This pattern was observed among carriers as well as several patients who were HBsAG in serum. The HBxAg staining results were validated by Southern blotting with an X‐region probe and by Western blotting with anti‐HBx. These results suggest that the persistence of HBxAg is important to the pathogenesis of early HCC and that HBxAg expression in the liver during chronic HBV infection may be an important prognostic marker for the development of HCC.
Expression of epstein‐barr‐virus‐related nuclear antigens and B‐cell markers in lymphomas of SIV‐immunosuppressed monkeys
Authors: Li Su Ling , Feichtinger H. , Kaaya E. , Biberfeld P. , Migliorini P. , Putkonen P. , Biberfeld G. , Middeldorp J. M. , Ernberg I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSimian‐immunodeficiency‐virus(SIV)‐infected cynomolgus monkeys develop B‐cell lymphomas in approximately one third of the cases. We have now studied the expression of cynomolgus‐Epstein‐Barr‐virus(cyno‐EBV) nuclear antigens in 13 cyno‐EBV‐carrying SIVsm‐associated monkey lymphomas and established cell lines from 3 of these tumors. Immunoblots of cell lysates were probed with polyspecific and monospecific reagents directed against human EB‐virus EBNA1‐6, and against the membrane protein LMP1. An EBNA2‐cross‐reacting protein was demonstrated in 8 lymphoma tissues (8/13) and in the 3 cell lines derived from the tumors. All tumors expressed a polypeptide with 50 to 55 kDa molecular weight, which cross‐reacted with some antibodies to EBNA1. Absorption experiments with normal monkey tissue showed that this polypeptide was specific for the cyno‐EBV‐carrying lymphoma cells. Equivalents of EBNA3‐6 and LMP1 could not be detected. Immunophenotypical characterization showed that the monkey lymphomas were similar to human HIV‐associated B‐cell lymphomas. Malignant B‐cell lymphomas in experimentally SIVsm‐infected cynomolgus monkeys can be a model for EBV‐associated lymphomagenesis in immunodeficiency states.This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society and Erik and Edith Fernström's Foundation for Medical Research. We thank Dr. J. Dillner (Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute) for helpful suggestions, Ms. A. de Santiago de Aguilar, Ms. M. Ekman and Ms. R. Gendelman for skillful technical assistance, and Drs. A. Rickinson and M. Rowe, CRC laboratories, for PE‐2 MAb. H. F. was partly supported as a visiting scientist by the European Community Concerted Action “Pathophysiology and immunology of HIV‐related diseases”, and E.K. (visiting scientist from Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania) was supported by the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries (SAREC) and World Laboratory (Project MDC 2).
Induction and release of manganese superoxide dismutase from mitochondria of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1α
Authors: Nakata Tsoshiyuki , Suzuki Keiichiro , Fujii Junichi , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Ishikawa Mutsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) and 2 cancer cell lines, AS49 and ME 180, were compared. The effects of interleukin‐ 1α (IL‐ 1α) on EC were also examined. While A549 cells were fairly resistant to the cytolytic effects of TNFα and IL‐1α, ME 180 cells were sensitive. EC were also less sensitive to TNFα than ME 180 cells, as judged by viability of individual cells and by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium. Both manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) and its mRNA were markedly induced by these cytokines in EC and in A549 cells but not in ME 180 cells. The levels of Mn‐SOD in the conditioned medium of EC were markedly increased after stimulation with cytokines, whereas those in ME180 and A549 cells were relatively low. The amount of Mn‐SOD released appears to be comparable to that from cells lysed due to the cytocidal effect of cytokines, as assessed by measuring intra‐ and extra‐cellular LDH activity. These data suggest that, in vivo, the TNFα and IL‐1α produced by cancer cells and other cells may induce Mn‐SOD in vascular endothelial cells as well as other host tissues, resulting in release of a relatively large amount of this protein into the serum.
Parity and hepatocellular carcinoma. A population‐based study in sweden
Authors: Lambe Mats , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Ekbom Anders , Pavia Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe association between parity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied using a data‐base generated by linking 2 Swedish nation‐wide registries; the Cancer Registry and the Fertility Registry. Among women born between 1925 and 1960, 133 patients with HCC recorded in the Cancer Registry between 1958 and 1984 were compared with 665 age‐matched controls. In this nested case‐control study there was no positive association between parity, age at first birth or frequency of twinning on the one hand, and risk of HCC on the other. It appears that the positive association between parity and HCC previously reported is limited to cases of HCC caused by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus; these cases represent only a small fraction of HCC cases in Sweden.
Epstein‐barr virus subtype distribution in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
Authors: Borisch Bettina , Caioni Massimo , Hurwitz Nina , Dommann‐Scherrer Corina , Odermatt B. , Waelti Ernst , Hubert R. Hubert , Kraft Rainer , Laissue Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe tissues of 16 patients bearing a T‐cell lymphoma of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy type (AILD‐TCL) were investigated for the distribution of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) subtypes 1and 2. EBV‐association had been proven in these cases by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EBV‐DNA, in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV‐encoded small nuclear RNAs (EBER) and immunohistology for EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein (LMP). PCR and EBER‐ISH produced mostly identical results, but some cases were positive with only one of the 2 methods employed. LMP was detected in a few large cells of 8/13 cases. Twelve cases were investigated for the distribution of EBV subtypes. One case contained EBV genome of subtype 2, 3 cases contained subtype 1 and 4 cases contained both subtypes. Four cases could not be typed. These finclings suggest that in AILD, as in AIDS‐associated lymphomas and lymphomas of the lethal midline granuloma type, subtype 2 of EBV may occur, perhaps in relation to an immunodysfunction developing progressively in these patients.
Immune recognition of human colonic‐tumour‐associated muc‐2 mucins using an anti‐peptide antibody
Authors: Price Michael R. , Sekowski Michael , Ladányi Andrea , Uray Katalin , Ma Yuejie , Durrani Lindy , Tendler Saul J. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn human intestinal malignancy, alterations occur in the expression of mucins defined by the MUC‐2 gene. These changes include the unmasking of epitopes in the mucin protein core. In order to probe these modifications associated with mucins of the malignant phenotype, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was developed against synthetic peptide with a sequence based upon that of the protein core of the MUC‐2 mucin. The antibody (designated 996) was shown to recognize a high‐molecular‐weight glycoprotein from colonic carcinoma tissue. The material reacted uniformly with Concanavalin A but variably with other lectins, indicating heterogeneity in the associated oligosaccharide side chains. The protein core was accessible both to 996 antibody binding and to degradation with proteases. Immunization with the affinity‐purified mucin‐like material elicited antibodies reactive with both the immunogen and the synthetic peptides, confirming the immunogenic character of protein‐core determinants. Epitope mapping studies, using synthetic peptides in solution and synthetic peptides tethered to the heads of plastic pins, indicated that the minimum epitope for the 996 antibody is a tetramer of T G T Q. Antibody interaction with the glutamine (Q) residue was determined to be of major importance in the antigen‐antibody reaction. The findings illustrate the characterization of an anti‐peptide antibody which may be used to probe alterations in MUC‐2 mucin expression associated with human intestinal malignant disease.
An analysis of a melanoma epidemic
Authors: Burton Robert C. , Coates Marylon S. , Hersey Peter , Roberts Graeme , Chetty M. P. , Chen Stan , Hayes Monica H. , Howe Chris G. , Armstrong Bruce K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween 1986 and 1988 the annual incidence of invasive melanoma in the Hunter area of New South Wales, Australia, almost doubled to 52.5 per 100,000 in men and 42.9 per 100,000 in women. These rates have been maintained and are similar to those reported for 1987 in Queensland, Australia, which are the highest in the world. Most of the increase in incidence was in melanomas less than 1,50 mm in thickness, and adults of both sexes and all ages were affected. Thicker melanomas also increased in incidence but only in adults 45 years and older, and mainly in men. An analysis of health insurance data on treatment of skin lesions and data from a histopathology laboratory suggested that diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions generally in the Hunter area had increased almost 2‐fold over this period. Advancement of the time of diagnosis and a real increase in incidence were likely explanations for some of the observed trends. Increasing diagnosis of a non‐metastasising form of thin melanoma, consequent upon increasing removal of pigmented skin lesions by medical practitioners, may also explain some of the observed increase in the incidence of the disease. This possibility has important implications for proposed population screening programs, and methods are needed to distinguish such lesions, if they exist, from potentially fatal melanoma.
Stromelysin‐3 expression in breast cancer biopsies: Clinico‐pathological correlations
Authors: Hähnel Erika , Harvey Jennet M. , Joyce Raymond , Robbins Peter D. , Sterrett Gregory F. , Hähnel Roland 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStromelysin‐3 expression was studied by Northern blotting in 222 tissue samples including primary and metastatic breast carcinoma and normal breast tissue. Uninvolved breast tissue from mastectomy specimens, normal breast tissue from reduction mammoplasties and normal lymph nodes did not contain stromelysin‐3 mRNA. About 62% of primary and metastatic breast carcinomas, but only I of 10 in situ ductal carcinomas, expressed stromelysin‐3. Stromelysin‐3 mRNA was found more often in estrogen‐receptor‐positive carcinomas and in histological grade‐l carcinomas. There was no significant correlation between stromelysin‐3 expression and other prognostic factors, including tumor size, lymph‐node involvement, age of patient, vascular invasion and cathepsin‐D.
Serologic response in human papillomavirus‐associated invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Viscidi Raphael P. , Sun Yeping , Tsuzaki Brian , Bosch F. Xavier , Munoz Nubia , Shah Keerti V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) transforming proteins E6 and E7 are uniformly expressed in HPV‐associated cervical cancer. Our objective was to measure antibodies to HPV‐16 E6 and E7 proteins in cervical cancer patients using an assay which would detect antibodies to conformational epitopes. Serum specimens obtained from two case‐control studies of HPVs and cervical cancer were tested. The studies were performed in Cali, Colombia, South America and in 9 provinces of Spain. Cases consisted of women with invasive cervical cancer associated with HPV‐16 or other HPV types and women with HPV‐16‐associated high‐grade cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN‐3). Controls for invasive cases and CIN‐3 cases were women who had no cytologic abnormalities and who were matched for age and country of residence. Serum antibodies to HPV‐16 E6 and E7 proteins were detected by radio‐immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated proteins. Antibodies to the E6 and E7 protein were observed among 56% and 43%, respectively, of invasive cases and 1.7% and 4.1%, respectively, of controls. Antibodies to either protein were detected in 72% of sera from invasive cases and 5.8% of sera from controls. High antibody reactivity and antibodies to both proteins were found almost exclusively in invasive cases. The frequency of antibodies to the E6 protein and the E7 protein among CIN‐3 cases did not differ significantly from the CIN‐3 controls. Five women with HPV‐18‐associated invasive cervical cancer were negative for serum antibody to HPV‐16 E6 and E7 proteins. Antibodies to HPV‐16 E6 and E7 proteins appear to be partially virus‐specific and disease state‐specific markers of HPV‐associated cervical cancer.