bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of consumer satisfaction and quality of life in patients changing to Novopen II
Authors: Henderson M J , Tindall H 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated patient satisfaction and acceptability of the new Novopen II, which takes pre‐mixed insulin cartridges (Actraphane). In addition an attempt was made to measure changes in ‘quality of life’. A quality of life questionnaire was devised which proved to have satisfactory test re‐test reliability. Subjects showed no significant differences following a three months trial of Novopen II compared to a control group. Although 67% of patients found the device easy to use, only half found it more convenient than conventional syringes. The results suggest although more convenient for half the subjects, Novopen II did not markedly alter the quality of their life.
Why are impotent diabetic men not being treated?
Authors: Price D E , O'Malley B P , James M A , Roshan M , Hearnshaw J R 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of impotence among a group of 158 consecutive men attending a diabetic clinic was studied by questionnaire. The frequency of reporting of impotence and the advice and treatment patients had received were determined.The prevalence of impotence was 36.7%. Forty‐nine of the impotent men (84%) wanted treatment; 21 had never asked for medical advice because of embarrassment, ignorance of availability of treatments or a belief that impotence was normal at their age. Twenty‐eight had consulted a doctor, nine presented at the diabetic clinic and were treated successfully; 19 consulted their general practitioner alone and were advised incorrectly.Most impotent diabetic men want treatment but do not ask for help or are advised incorrectly. Both patients and doctors need to be better informed about the management of impotence in diabetes.
Photography combined with ophthalmoscopy in retinal screening
Authors: Ryder R E J , Griffiths H , Moriarty K T , Kennedy R L , Blumsohn A , Hardisty C A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo assess a 4mm pupil camera (Canon CR3 45NM “non‐mydriatic” retinal camera) Polaroid photography combined with diabetic clinic ophthalmoscopy, 137 annual‐review patients not already under an ophthalmologist were randomly assigned to: ophthalmoscopy with mydriatic (Group 1); retinal photography with mydriatic only if required (Group 2); retinal photography with mydriatic (Group 3). Ophthalmoscopy was undertaken in all Group 3 patients but in only Group 2 patients with retinopathy on the Polaroid. They were graded for quality. Groups 2 and 3 achieved similar diabetic retinopathy detection and good‐quality photograph rates. Clinic doctors reported diabetic retinopathy in 9/41 (22%) Group 1 and 26/96 (27%) in Groups 2 and 3. Review of the Polaroids by an experienced observer revealed a further seven patients with probable retinopathy. This review also identified four patients warranting an ophthalmologist's opinion (three required laser therapy). More diabetic retinopathy was detected with ophthalmoscopy and photography than with ophthalmoscopy alone. It is only necessary to dilate about 17% of eyes to obtain >90% good quality Polaroids and may not be necessary to use ophthalmoscopy if there is definitely no retinopathy on good quality photographs. The photograph allows senior members of the team to review the fundi of patients seen by juniors and discussion with an ophthalmologist without the patient being present, the ophthalmologist choosing whom to see further.
Insulin‐dependent diabetes of over 50 years' duration — clinical and biochemical features
Authors: Gill G , Hardy K 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the clinical and biochemical features (including C‐peptide responsiveness) in 10 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes (IDDM) of over 50 years' duration (Nabarro Medal Winners). Age (mean ± SD) was 67 ± 7 years and diabetes duration 54 ± 2 years. Serum C‐peptide was undetectable both fasting and 2 hours after 1 mg intramuscular (I/M) glucagon. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was 10.0 ± 1.5% and cholesterol 6.2 ± 0.7 mmol/1. Only one had hypertension and only one was obese (BMI > 30.0). Four (40%) had microvascular complications (4 retinopathy, 1 nephropathy and 1 neuropathy). None were blind, had amputations, or required renal support therapy. Large vessel disease was present in only 1 (mild, stable angina). This group thus represented patients with “true” IDDM, who for their long diabetes duration were remarkably fit and relatively free of complications (particularly macrovascular). Further detailed investigation of larger numbers of Nabarro Medal Winners may provide valuable clues as to “protective” factors operating in the evolution of complications in IDDM.
The Alan Nabarro Medal: The what and the whence
Authors: Alexander William , Redmond Suzanne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Alan Nabarro Medal is awarded by the British Diabetic Association to people who have had diabetes for more than 50 years. We have analysed the national distribution of medal winners by Regional Health Authorities/Boards of the UK and the English Health Districts. Up to December 31st 1990, 446 medals had been awarded but sufficient details were available only for the 303 requested between mid‐1987 and the end of 1990. Number of mean annual awards was 82. All Regions/Boards were represented. The Regional mean was 18 (range 8–41) for total medals and 5.7 (2.3–17) for medals per million total population. The estimated mean “expected medal number” per Region should be 134 (64–208) with a total of 2,272 medals awarded. There is therefore a potential shortfall of 1,826; Regional shortfalls varying from 64 to 191 (67%–94%). English District Health Authorities were also analysed −88 (46%) were not represented at all. Clinical details of medal winners from one English District are reported. We present this survey hoping to increase awareness of the Alan Nabarro Medal.
The diabetic emergency line: A prospective survey
Authors: Flynn M D , Beer S F , Watkins P J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe telephone is an important tool in diabetic management and is a recommended component of an overall diabetic service. The aim of this prospective survey was to audit out‐of‐hours emergency telephone calls initiated by patients. relatives or carers. Altogether, 114 calls were received on an emergency line in a two year period; 79 calls related to specific diabetic emergency problems. A total of 23 patients (29.1% of diabetic emergency calls) were advised to seek immediate medical assessment, including 10 patients (12.7%) admitted with uncontrolled diabetes/diabetic ketoacidosis. In all, 26 patients (32.9%) were given specific advice on changes of treatment and a further 10 (12.7%) offered a next day clinic assessment. Of all the calls 31.6% related to hypoglycaemia, of which 11/25 were initiated by relatives seeking help with an unconscious or disabled patient. Overall 46% of calls were initiated by a patient's relative or companion unfamiliar with diabetes and needing immediate help. The information derived from this study demonstrates that a safe and effective structured emergency telephone service can be operated by ward‐based medical and nursing staff to give help and advice and facilitate admission.
Prevalence of diabetic patients in hospital: Changing trends over a 10‐year period
Authors: Harrower A D B 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetic patients was assessed in a new District General Hospital (DGH) a year after opening, and again after 10 years. The initial prevalence was 5.4%, increasing to 8.6%. Vascular disease was the most common diagnostic category for both medical and surgical patients. There were no differences in prevalence between men and women, although there was a preponderance of women especially in the medical category. Initially the patients were fairly evenly spread between the three treatment groups — diet, oral hypoglycaemic agent, insulin — but, after 10 years, the percentage of patients taking insulin had fallen to 13%. The prevalence of diabetic patients over 50 years of age was high in both studies (92.6% in the first study and 89.3% in the second study. This high prevalence of older diabetic patients in hospital is in keeping with the increased morbidity associated with the disorder, particularly vascular disease, and has significant cost implications.
Water‐resistant conducting hybrids from electrostatic interactions
Authors: Luo Jing , Wang Qiguan , Wang Xianhong , Li Ji , Zhao Xiaojiang , Wang Fosong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractConductive hybrids were prepared in a water/ethanol solution via the sol–gel process from an inorganic sol containing carboxyl groups and water‐borne conductive polyaniline (cPANI). The inorganic sol was prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of methyltriethoxysilane with the condensed product of maleic anhydride and aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a catalyst, for which the carboxyl counterion along the cPANI backbone acted as an electrostatic‐interaction moiety. The existence of this electrostatic interaction could improve the compatibility of the two components and contribute to the homogeneous dispersion of cPANI in the silica phase. The electrostatic‐interaction hybrids displayed a conductivity percolation threshold as low as 1.1 wt % polyaniline in an emeraldine base, showing 2 orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than that without electrostatic interactions. The electrostatic‐interaction hybrids also showed good water resistance; the electrical conductivity with a cPANI loading of 16 wt % underwent a slight change after 14 days of soaking in water. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1424–1431, 2007
Crystal structure of human myo‐inositol monophosphatase 2, the product of the putative susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and febrile seizures
Authors: Arai Ryoichi , Ito Kaori , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Ohba Hisako , Akasaka Ryogo , Bessho Yoshitaka , Hanawa‐Suetsugu Kyoko , Yoshikawa Takeo , Shirouzu Mikako , Yokoyama Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe human IMPA2 gene, which encodes myo‐inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2), is mapped onto 18p11.2, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder. This chromosomal region has also been proposed to include a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and febrile seizures. Here we report the crystal structures of human IMPA2 and its complex with calcium and phosphate ions. Human IMPA2 comprises an α–β protein with a five‐layered sandwich of α‐helices and β‐sheets (α–β–α–β–α). The crystal structure and analytical ultracentrifugation results indicated that IMPA2 exists as a dimer in solution. The overall structure of IMPA2 is similar to that of IMPA1, except for the loop regions. In IMPA1, the loop region (31–43) is located at the entrance of the active site cavity. In the corresponding region (42–54) of IMPA2, the residues are disordered and partially form an α‐helix. The structural difference in the opening of the active site cavity suggests that the substrate specificity differs between IMPA1 and IMPA2. The widely opened cavity of IMPA2 implies that the physiological substrate may be a larger compound than inositol monophosphate. The structure of IMPA2 complexed with Ca2+ revealed two metals and one phosphate binding sites, which were the same sites as in IMPA1 complexed with Mn2+ and phosphate, suggesting that the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction is similar to that of IMPA1. The crystal structures of human IMPA2 are useful for understanding the effect of nonsynonymous polymorphism reported in IMPA2, and will contribute to further functional analyses of IMPA2 that potentially predisposes to the vulnerabilities of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and febrile seizures. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural determination of monoacylglycerols extracted from marine sponge by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gil Ji‐Hye , Hong Joo‐Yeon , Jung Jee H. , Kim Kang‐Jin , Hong Jongki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive new monoacylglycerols (MAGs) were isolated from the marine sponge Stelletta sp. by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS). FAB mass spectra of these compounds produced abundant sodium‐adducted molecules [M+Na]+ from a mixture of 3‐nitrobenzyl alcohol and sodium iodide. The structural elucidation of these sponge MAGs was carried out by FAB tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). To find diagnostic ions for the characterization of the MAGs, authentic MAGs were initially analyzed by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS. The CID MS/MS of [M+Na]+ precursor ions resulted in the formation of numerous characteristic product ions via a series of dissociative processes. The product ions formed by charge‐remote fragmentation (CRF) provided important information for the characterization of acyl chains substituted at the glycerol backbone, and product ions at m/z 84, 97, 113 and 139 were diagnostic for the sodiated glycerol backbone. On the basis of these fragmentation patterns, the structures of five MAGs extracted from marine sponge were elucidated. In addition, high‐resolution mass measurement was performed to obtain the elemental compositions of the MAGs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the energy‐based swing‐up control of the Acrobot
Authors: Xin X. , Kaneda M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the energy‐based swing‐up control problem for the Acrobot, a two‐link underactuated robot with a single actuator at the joint of the two links. In line with the energy‐based control approach, this paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition for non‐existence of any singular point in the derived control law, and provides a complete analysis of the convergence of the energy and the motion of the Acrobot. Specifically, forany initial stateof the Acrobot, this paper shows clearly how to choose control parameters such that the Acrobot will eventually either be swung up to any arbitrarily small neighbourhood of the upright equilibrium point, or remain in a set containing a finite number of equilibrium points. Moreover, this paper shows that these equilibrium points are unstable. Furthermore, imposing a stronger condition on a control parameter yields that the equilibrium set contains only the downward equilibrium point, which is shown to behyperbolicand unstable. This proves that the Acrobot will eventually enter the basin of attraction of any stabilizing controller for all initial conditions with the exception of a set of Lebesgue measure zero. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of multilevel modelling to dental caries data
Authors: Burnside G. , Pine C. M. , Williamson P. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractClinical studies of dental caries experience generate multiple outcome data for each participant, with information collected for each individual tooth surface. This paper investigates multilevel modelling as a method of analysis for dental caries data, allowing for full use of the data collected at surface level. Data from a clinical trial of a caries preventive agent in adolescents are modelled. The effect of tooth position within the mouth on the development of dental caries is investigated, with the results showing the importance of differentiating between the upper and lower arches, when modelling the probabilities of caries developing on teeth. Calculation of the intracluster correlation using the threshold model is suggested for use in multilevel logistic regression modelling of caries data. This model, which assumes that a dichotomous outcome is based on an underlying continuous variable with a threshold point where the outcome changes from zero to one, is identified to be appropriate for the analysis of caries which is a continuous process, but is only identified as present in a clinical trial when it has reached a certain level of severity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIV/AIDS and immigrant Cape Verdean women: Contextualized perspectives of Cape Verdean community advocates
Authors: De Jesus Maria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis research explored Cape Verdean community advocates' understandings of the structural and social realities that contribute to the increased HIV/AIDS risk of Northeastern U.S.‐based immigrant Cape Verdean women. A community perspective informed the analysis of the multi‐layered contextual barriers that these advocates identified as limiting the effectiveness of individual‐level HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention models. Qualitative content analysis of interviews with nine community advocates revealed several thematic clusters including challenges to (1) perceived institutional and community realities; (2) traditional gender relations; and, (3) traditional ways of thinking. These findings challenge universalist cognitive‐behavioral change models of HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention and are critically discussed to better understand the complex realities faced by Cape Verdean immigrant women. A liberatory community psychology perspective framed the research process and contributed to reconceptualizing HIV/AIDS risk as a community problem that requires interventions not simply at the individual and relational levels, but also at the structural level.
Spin dynamics of an ultra-small nanoscale molecular magnet
Authors: Ciftja Orion 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We present mathematical transformations which allow us to calculate the spin dynamics of an ultra-small nanoscale molecular magnet consisting of a dimer system of classical (high) Heisenberg spins. We derive exact analytic expressions (in integral form) for the time-dependent spin autocorrelation function and several other quantities. The properties of the time-dependent spin autocorrelation function in terms of various coupling parameters and temperature are discussed in detail.
Plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration in β‐thalassaemia patients
Authors: Aessopos Athanasios , Farmakis Dimitrios , Polonifi Aikaterini , Tsironi Maria , Fragodimitri Christina , Hatziliami Antonia , Karagiorga Markisia , Diamanti‐Kandarakis Evanthia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundPlasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration has significant diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value in various forms of heart disease. Whether BNP is also useful in the evaluation and management of thalassaemia heart disease remains to be determined.Methods and resultsEighty three thalassaemia major patients; 8 with acutely decompensated heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV, group A), 25 with NYHA class II symptoms and impaired systolic left ventricular function (ejection fraction<55% or fractional shortening<30%, group B) and 50 with normal systolic function (group C), as well as 50 healthy controls, were studied. Assessment included history, physical examination, Doppler echocardiography and plasma BNP determination. Mean BNP levels were 431±219 pg/mL (range, 283–890 pg/mL) in group A, 158±31 pg/mL in group B, 176±54 pg/mL in group C and 43±24 pg/mL in controls. BNP levels were significantly higher in group A (p<0.001), but did not differ between groups B and C. Moreover, BNP was not correlated with left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass, right ventricular diameter index, Doppler diastolic indexes (except in group C), the mean 2‐year serum ferritin concentration or the peak serum ferritin concentration in any of the three patient groups.ConclusionA potential deficiency of BNP‐related neurohormonal mechanisms may impair its clinical usefulness in thalassaemia major.
Offshore outsourcing of professional services: A transaction cost economics perspective
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. , Tate Wendy L. , Billington Corey 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis research utilizes the framework of transaction cost economics (TCE) to develop an understanding of how firms manage the costs and risks of offshore outsourcing of professional services. This research examines the perspectives of eight organizations through interviews with 10 high‐ranking supply management executives. The paper first explores the rationale for offshore outsourcing among the organizations studied. Using the tenants of TCE, this paper postulates that fixed costs of establishing the relationship dominate the variable costs of day‐to‐day transactions, and that organizations will not offshore outsource areas where there is high perceived degree of unmanageable risk. The paper expands on themes provided by TCE and offers some lessons learned, and guidelines for managing and controlling offshore outsourced services relationships.
Inheritance of high oleic acid content in the seed oil of mutant Ethiopian mustard lines and its relationship with erucic acid content
Authors: RÍO-CELESTINO M. DEL , FONT R. , DE HARO-BAILÓN A. 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYEthiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) genotypes with different contents of oleic acid (C18:1) in the seed oil could be useful for food and industrial applications. The objectives of the present research were to study the inheritance of high C18:1 in the seed oil of different lines of Ethiopian mustard and its relationship with erucic acid content (C22:1). The low C18:1/high C22:1 mutant line L-1806, the high C18:1/high C22:1 mutant line L-482, the high C18:1/low C22:1 mutant line L-2890 and the low C18:1/very high C22:1 mutant line L-1630 were isolated after a chemical mutagen treatment of C-101 seeds (about 94 g C18:1/kg and 450 g C22:1/kg). The high C18:1/zero C22:1 line L-25X-1 was obtained by interspecific crosses of Ethiopian mustard with rapeseed and Indian mustard. Plants of lines L-2890×C-101, L-482×L-2890, L-1630×L-25X-1, L-1630×L-2890 and L-482×L-1806 were reciprocally crossed and F2 and the BC1F1 generations were obtained. Cytoplasmic effects were not observed in any of the crosses. The segregation pattern in F2 and BC1F1 populations differed in the crosses studied. The inheritance of C18:1 content in crosses segregating for this fatty acid was that expected for one (crosses between L-482×L-1806), two (L-2890×C-101) or three (L-1630×L-2890, L-1630×L-25X-1 and L-482×2890) loci. Oleic acid segregation indicated control of accumulation by two segregating genetic systems, one acting on chain elongation from C18:1 to C22:1 and the other involving desaturation from C18:1 to linoleic acid (C18:2). Accumulations of C18:1 and C22:1 were influenced by the same loci (M1, M2, E1 and E2), which control the chain elongation steps leading from C18:1 to C22:1. In addition, C18:1 was influenced by one additional locus (tentatively named OL) involved in control of desaturation of C18:1 to form C18:2. The genetic constitution of the parent lines would be OlOlE1E1E2E2m1m1m2m2 for L-2890, OlOlE1E1E2E2M1M1M2M2 for C-101, ololE1E1E2E2M1M1M2M2 for L-1630, OlOle1e1e2e2M1M1M2M2 for L-25X-1, ol1ol1E1E1E2E2M1M1M2M2 for L-482 and Ol1Ol1E1E1E2E2M1M1M2M2 for L-1806. Transgressive recombinants were obtained from the cross L-1630×L-25X-1, with about three-fold increase of the C18:1 content of the parents (>643 g/kg) and free of C22:1 content, which represent a high potential for commercial exploitation.