bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) for the treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions
Authors: Arminda Avdulaj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIPL devices emit a wide range of wavelengths that can be absorbed by different chromophores in the skin. Selective destruction of a specific chromophore with minimal side effects is controlled by wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence.AimThis study aims to evaluate the treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions using narrow‐band Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) with Advanced Fluorescence Technology (AFT), which offers more efficient energy usage per pulse to increase safety, and improve clinical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data from 100 patients treated with narrow‐band IPL for vascular and pigmented lesions. Efficacy was measured by the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Patient Satisfaction Scale (0–10). Safety was assessed by evaluating pain levels and adverse events.ResultsMean GAIS scores were 8.02 ± 0.84 for vascular and 8.14 ± 0.9 for pigmented lesions with no significant difference between groups (p=0.49, α=0.05). Patient satisfaction correlated with GAIS scores (correlation coefficient 0.8). No pain was reported and two patients experienced temporary and transient side effects.ConclusionOverall, the advanced IPL treatments provided favorable outcomes for vascular and pigmented lesions.
Validation of the names Cavernulicolales, Cavernulicolaceae, Cavernulicola, and Cavernulicola chilensis (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Yoon Hwan Su , Del Guacchio Emanuele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA reclassification of Cyanidium chilense under the new genus Cavernulicola was recently proposed together with a new family (Cavernulicolaceae) and a new order (Cavernulicolales). Unfortunately, due to an error in the required citation of the basionym, the name “Cavernulicola chilensis” was invalid and cannot be accepted as the generitype of Cavernulicola. This means that Cavernulicola, Cavernulicolaceae, and Cavernulicolales are likewise invalid names under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN, Shenzhen Code). In this contribution, each of these names is validated.
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 knockdown attenuates high glucose‐induced podocyte injury by promoting the JAK2/STAT signalling‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yun , Liu Min , Wu Yan , Xu Yaling , Hong Yuanhao , Xiang Haiyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposePodocyte injury plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). A high serum level of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) has been observed in patients with DN. This paper is to study the role and mechanism of IGF‐1 in high glucose (HG)‐induced podocyte injury.MethodsMouse podocytes MPC‐5 were treated with HG to establish a DN model in vitro. db/db diabetic mice and db/m nondiabetic mice were used to evaluate the IGF‐1 role in vivo. Western blotting was used for measuring protein levels of IGF‐1 receptor, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway‐related markers, podocyte markers podocin and nephrin, apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related markers in MPC‐5 cells. Immunofluorescence staining was implemented for measuring the expression of nephrin and the autophagy marker LC3. Flow cytometry was used for detecting podocyte apoptosis.ResultsIGF‐1 expression was increased in HG‐stimulated MPC‐5 cells and the kidney of db/db diabetic mice compared with corresponding controls. Knocking down IGF‐1 downregulated IGF‐1R and inhibited JAK2/STAT signalling pathway in HG‐treated MPC‐5 cells and db/db diabetic mice. IGF‐1 silencing attenuated HG‐induced podocyte injury, apoptosis and reduction in autophagy. Activating the JAK2/STAT signalling pathway or inhibiting autophagy reversed the effects of IGF‐1 silencing on HG‐treated MPC‐5 cells.ConclusionKnocking down IGF‐1 alleviates HG‐induced podocyte injury and apoptosis by inactivating the JAK2/STAT signalling pathway and enhancing autophagy.image
Comparison of Alignment Accuracy and Clinical Outcomes between a CT‐Based, Saw Cutting Robotic System and a CT‐Free, Jig‐guided Robotic System for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhou Ge , Wang Xinguang , Geng Xiao , Li Zijian , Tian Hua 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe different cutting mode of robot‐assisted TKAs may influence the accuracy of alignment. The purpose of this study was to compare alignment accuracy and early clinical outcomes between a CT‐based, saw cutting robotic system (MAKO) and a CT‐free, jig‐guided robotic system (ROSA) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA total of 20 MAKO TKAs and 20 ROSA TKAs from June 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Differences in the postoperative hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle, lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), posterior tibial slope (PTS) and 3° outlier frequency of the HKA, LDFA, MPTA and PTS were studied at 3 months and 1 year of follow‐up. The operative time and total blood loss (TBL) were compared between these two groups. Clinical outcomes at 1 year after surgery, including range of motion (ROM), Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and Knee Society Score‐2011 (KSS‐2011), were also compared between these two groups.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. There were no significant differences in the mean deviations of postoperative HKA, LDFA, MPTA or PTS between the two groups at 3 months or 1 year (all ps > 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the percentage of 3° outliers for HKA, LDFA, MPTA, or PTS between the two groups at 3‐month or 1‐year follow‐up (all ps > 0.05). The mean operation time of MAKO was longer than that of ROSA (112.7 ± 12.8 min vs 94.8 ± 23.0 min, p = 0.001), but the mean TBL (1356.7 ± 648.5 mL vs 1384.5 ± 676.3 mL) and transfusion rate (15.0% vs 5.0%) were not significantly different between the two groups (all ps > 0.05). No significant differences were found in postoperative ROM, WOMAC score or KSS score at 1 year (all ps > 0.05).ConclusionThe MAKO and ROSA had similar accuracy and precision in TKA alignment. The clinical outcomes at 1 year after surgery were also comparable.
The clade III subfamily of OsSWEETs directly suppresses rice immunity by interacting with OsHMGB1 and OsHsp20L
Authors: Wang Xin , Ju Yanhu , Wu Tao , Kong Lingguang , Yuan Meng , Liu Haifeng , Chen Xiangsong , Chu Zhaohui 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe clade III subfamily of OsSWEETs includes transmembrane proteins necessary for susceptibility to bacterial blight (BB). These genes are targeted by the specific transcription activator‐like effector (TALE) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and mediate sucrose efflux for bacterial proliferation. However, the mechanism through which OsSWEETs regulate rice immunity has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the cytosolic carboxyl terminus of OsSWEET11a/Xa13 is required for complementing susceptibility to PXO99 in IRBB13 (xa13/xa13). Interestingly, the C‐terminus of ZmXa13, the maize homologue of OsSWEET11a/Xa13, could perfectly substitute for the C‐terminus of OsSWEET11a/Xa13. Furthermore, OsSWEET11a/Xa13 interacted with the high‐mobility group B1 (OsHMGB1) protein and the small heat shock‐like protein OsHsp20L through the same regions in the C‐terminus. Consistent with the physical interactions, knockdown or knockout of either OsHMGB1 or OsHsp20L caused an enhanced PXO99‐resistant phenotype similar to that of OsSWEET11a/OsXa13. Surprisingly, the plants in which OsHMGB1 or OsHsp20L was repressed developed increased resistance to PXO86, PXO61 and YN24, which carry TALEs targeting OsSWEET14/Xa41 or OsSWEET11a/Xa13. Additionally, OsHsp20L can interact with all six members of clade III OsSWEETs, whereas OsHMGB1 can interact with five other members in addition to OsSWEET12. Overall, we revealed that OsHMGB1 and OsHsp20L mediate conserved BB susceptibility by interacting with clade III OsSWEETs, which are candidates for breeding broad‐spectrum disease‐resistant rice.
Anomalous Political Discursive Narratives on Indigeneity: In Ethiopia's Regional States
Authors: Zeleke Shumet Amare 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe major purpose of this article is to critically probe the competing political narratives on indigeneity‐ in the form of autochthony‐ the sons of the soil, and its instrumentalization for discrimination against non‐indigenous groups in Ethiopia's regional states. To this end, the article argues that the political discourses (narratives) determine Ethiopia's ethnic‐based state structure and politics that dichotomize citizens as indigenes and non‐indigenes, which, in reality, is not viable. Each ethnic group, which forms the region, has a warranty of sovereign political power and territorial autonomy. Inside the regions, except for the Amhara and the South Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regions, the privileged ethnic group (the indigenous) has been empowered to hold prominent political positions. Non‐indigenous ethnic groups, on the other hand, are discriminated against in politics, economy, and social affairs. Thus, these political narratives have created a system of inequality and discrimination that has persisted even after the end of EPRDF era. To address these intractable problems, Ethiopians seek to balance diversity and unity in order to create an inclusive and all‐empowering environment in society through multiculturalism.
Two concepts of virtue: Rousseau on love of fatherland and love of humanity
Authors: Ren Shuhuai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRousseau's conception of virtue is puzzling, for he sometimes defines virtue as self‐mastery and sometimes as patriotism. The prevailing Kantian interpretation emphasizes the first definition with its man‐citizen thesis, while attributing the latter to Rousseau's inconsistency. This article challenges this reading and argues that Rousseau intentionally operates with two conceptions of virtue: political virtue as love of fatherland and moral virtue as love of humanity. While the former relies on a state‐level amour‐propre that draws motivation from the division between nations, the latter hinges on conscience—an intelligent form of amour de soi—that reaches universal humanity. Underlying the two virtues is the irreconcilable tension between nature and politics. Where nature demands universal happiness incorporating all humans, politics necessitates passions that entail division. Retrieving Rousseau's dual conception of virtue highlights Rousseau's fundamental pessimism toward human politics, which has been blurred in the emerging Kantian‐liberal scholarship.
Basic concepts in facial and neck thread lifting procedures
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Kim Soo‐Bin , Park Soo Yeon , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this review article, our objective is to elucidate fundamental principles and offer practical illustrations concerning the procedures involved in facial and neck thread lifting. Moreover, we aim to explore associated concepts such as the fixing point, hanging point, and anchoring point terminologies, along with the elucidation of vectors. Additionally, we will provide anatomically oriented explanations of the lifting process required for each facial region using thread lifting methods like V, U, and I techniques using floating type threads (Secrete line, Hyundai Meditech., Inc., Wonjusi, Republic of Korea). Furthermore, our intention is to delve deeply into the concepts of tensile strength, anchoring strength, and holding strength, contextualizing their practical applications within this specific field.
A Formulated Method for Streams Splitting in Heat Exchanger Network Design Using Pinch Analysis
Authors: Anass Lebnaiti , Najwa Jbira , Sanaa Hayani Mounir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Thermal processes constitute a significant portion of energy consumption in the industrial sector. In this context, pinch analysis has emerged as a powerful method for achieving substantial energy savings. By systematically analyzing process streams and their heat transfer characteristics, pinch analysis enables the identification of heat recovery opportunities, leading to the design of an optimized heat exchanger network that minimizes energy requirements. In this study, a formulated stream splitting method is proposed to design a feasible minimum energy requirement heat exchanger network. This method aims to achieve two main goals. First, it gives a practical formulated method to help the designer when splitting streams and focuses on splitting the streams in such a way that creates sub-streams with the exact enthalpy required to satisfy heat exchanges with a specific number of streams, in order to minimize the need for process-utility heat exchangers whenever possible. Subsequently, the method aims to eliminate exergy destruction caused by temperature differences in the mixer used to recombine the split streams, by ensuring an isothermal mixture of streams, preventing unnecessary energy losses. The design of the heat exchanger network is conducted using the hint software, allowing for a comprehensive and detailed analysis of each step. The results obtained show that the heat exchanger network attained not only achieves the minimum energy consumption but also mitigates exergy destruction and avoids unnecessary process-utility heat exchangers, resulting in enhanced overall system performance.
Attenuation of Inlet Distortion Effects on Fans Using Asymmetric Inlet Guide Vanes
Authors: Liu Lina , Vo Huu Duc 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research proposes and preliminarily analyzes a novel concept to passively reduce the negative impact of deep inlet distortion on the fan of an aero-engine. It consists of placing a row of non-axisymmetric inlet guide vanes (IGVs) just upstream of the fan rotor to induce a spatially varying swirl distribution. The swirl distribution is tailored so as to reduce flow incidence in the distorted flow region and increase it in the undistorted flow region to decrease the fluctuation in aerodynamic force on the fan blades under large inlet distortion that can lead to blade failure, as well as attenuate the negative effect of flow non-uniformity on fan/engine aerodynamic performance. A computational study is carried out on a high-speed (transonic) fan rotor (NASA Rotor 67) from a published distortion study using full-annulus unsteady 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The asymmetric IGV is designed through a process of manual iterations and CFD simulations to take into account the change in flow redistribution with IGV geometry. The asymmetric IGV design, though not optimized, reduces the aerodynamic force variation amplitude by around two-thirds. Moreover, it allows the fan to recover over half of the loss in total pressure rise due to inlet distortion. The asymmetric IGV is also able to reduce the total pressure distortion at the fan rotor exit. Spanwise analysis indicates that the effectiveness of the asymmetric IGV can be improved on all three metrics if better 3D IGV shaping is performed.
Physical Education Alternative Certification Programs: Learning Opportunities for Teacher Candidates
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Case Layne , Logan Samuel W. , Yun Joonkoo 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study investigated differences in (a) completion of teaching methods courses and (b) participation in professional development opportunities between alternatively and traditionally certified physical educators. Method: The sample included 1,850 physical educators (mean age: 42.7 years, male: 61.7%, female: 38.3%) from the 2017 to 2018 National Teacher and Principal Survey. Prevalence estimates of physical educators who (a) completed undergraduate or graduate teaching methods courses during their education and training and (b) participated in professional development were calculated. Results: The results of binary logistic regressions reveal that alternatively certified physical educators were less likely to complete various teaching methods courses before entering the teaching profession. In addition, there were no differences in participation in professional development except in instructional strategies for students with disabilities. Conclusion: Considering unprepared teachers tend to leave the profession early, alternative certification programs need to provide substantial levels of learning opportunities, including teaching methods courses.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of dolutegravir/lamivudine to support a once-daily fixed-dose combination regimen in virologically suppressed adults living with HIV-1
Authors: Chandasana Hardik , Singh Rajendra , Adkison Kimberly , Ait-Khaled Mounir , Pene Dumitrescu Teodora 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of 50 mg dolutegravir and 300 mg lamivudine is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. This analysis aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of dolutegravir and lamivudine based on data from a phase 3 study (TANGO) in virologically suppressed adults living with HIV-1 switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine FDC. These analyses included 362 participants who contributed 2,629 dolutegravir and 2,611 lamivudine samples collected over 48 weeks. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination parameterized by apparent oral clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution (V/F), and absorption rate constant (Ka) described dolutegravir PK. Covariate search yielded body weight, bilirubin, and ethnicity as predictors of CL/F, and weight was predictive for V/F. The estimates of CL/F, V/F, and Ka were 0.858 L/h, 16.7 L, and 2.15 h
−1
, respectively. A two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination parameterized by CL/F, apparent intercompartmental clearance (Q/F), apparent central volume of distribution (V2/F), apparent peripheral volume of distribution (V3/F), and Ka described lamivudine PK. Covariate search yielded eGFR and race as predictors of CL/F, and weight was predictive for V2/F. The estimated parameter values were CL/F = 19.6 L/h, Q/F = 2.97 L/h, V2/F = V3/F = 105 L, and Ka = 2.30 h
−1
. The steady-state prediction suggested that the effect of covariates dolutegravir and lamivudine exposures was small (<20%) and not clinically relevant. Therefore, no dose adjustments are recommended based on these analyses. The results support the use of dolutegravir/lamivudine FDC in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT03446573
.
Influenza C virus susceptibility to antivirals with different mechanisms of action
Authors: Chesnokov Anton , Ivashchenko Andrei A. , Matsuzaki Yoko , Takashita Emi , Mishin Vasiliy P. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V. , Gubareva Larisa V. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses was assessed using a high-content imaging-based neutralization test. Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors, baloxavir and AV5116, were superior to AV5115 against type A viruses, and AV5116 was most effective against PA mutants tested. However, these three inhibitors displayed comparable activity (EC
50
8–22 nM) against type C viruses from six lineages. Banana lectin and a monoclonal antibody, YA3, targeting the hemagglutinin-esterase protein effectively neutralized some, but not all, type C viruses.
A novel ionizing radiation-induced small RNA, DrsS, promotes the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in
Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Rai Shiv Narayan , Dutta Tanmay 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

A plethora of gene regulatory mechanisms with eccentric attributes in
Deinoccocus radiodurans
confer it to possess a distinctive ability to survive under ionizing radiation. Among the many regulatory processes, small RNA (sRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression is prevalent in bacteria but barely investigated in
D. radiodurans
. In the current study, we identified a novel sRNA, DrsS, through RNA-seq analysis in
D. radiodurans
cells while exposed to ionizing radiation. Initial sequence analysis for promoter identification revealed that
drsS
is potentially co-transcribed with
sodA
and
dr_1280
from a single operon. Elimination of the
drsS
allele in
D. radiodurans
chromosome resulted in an impaired growth phenotype under γ-radiation. DrsS has also been found to be upregulated under oxidative and genotoxic stresses. Deletion of the
drsS
gene resulted in the depletion of intracellular concentration of both Mn
2+
and Fe
2+
by ~70% and 40%, respectively, with a concomitant increase in carbonylation of intracellular protein. Complementation of
drsS
gene in
ΔdrsS
cells helped revert its intracellular Mn
2+
and Fe
2+
concentration and alleviated carbonylation of intracellular proteins. Cells with deleted
drsS
gene exhibited higher sensitivity to oxidative stress than wild-type cells. Extrachromosomally expressed
drsS
in
ΔdrsS
cells retrieved its oxidative stress resistance properties by catalase-mediated detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
In vitro
binding assays indicated that DsrS directly interacts with the coding region of the
katA
transcript, thus possibly protecting it from cellular endonucleases
in vivo
. This study identified a novel small RNA DrsS and investigated its function under oxidative stress in
D. radiodurans
.

IMPORTANCE

Deinococcus radiodurans
possesses an idiosyncratic quality to survive under extreme ionizing radiation and, thus, has evolved with diverse mechanisms which promote the mending of intracellular damages caused by ionizing radiation. As sRNAs play a pivotal role in modulating gene expression to adapt to altered conditions and have been delineated to participate in almost all physiological processes, understanding the regulatory mechanism of sRNAs will unearth many pathways that lead to radioresistance in
D. radiodurans
. In that direction, DrsS has been identified to be a γ-radiation-induced sRNA, which is also induced by oxidative and genotoxic stresses. DrsS appeared to activate catalase under oxidative stress and detoxify intracellular ROS. This sRNA has also been shown to balance intracellular Mn(II) and Fe concentrations protecting intracellular proteins from carbonylation. This novel mechanism of DrsS identified in
D. radiodurans
adds substantially to our knowledge of how this bacterium exploits sRNA for its survival under stresses.
Retracing the evolution of
Pneumocystis
species, with a focus on the human pathogen
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Authors: Cissé Ousmane H. , Ma Liang , Kovacs Joseph A. 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY

Every human being is presumed to be infected by the fungus
Pneumocystis jirovecii
at least once in his or her lifetime. This fungus belongs to a large group of species that appear to exclusively infect mammals, with
P. jirovecii
being the only one known to cause disease in humans. The mystery of
P. jirovecii
origin and speciation is just beginning to unravel. Here, we provide a review of the major steps of
P. jirovecii
evolution. The
Pneumocystis
genus likely originated from soil or plant-associated organisms during the period of Cretaceous ~165 million years ago and successfully shifted to mammals. The transition coincided with a substantial loss of genes, many of which are related to the synthesis of nutrients that can be scavenged from hosts or cell wall components that could be targeted by the mammalian immune system. Following the transition, the
Pneumocystis
genus cospeciated with mammals. Each species specialized at infecting its own host. Host specialization is presumably built at least partially upon surface glycoproteins, whose protogene was acquired prior to the genus formation.
P. jirovecii
appeared at ~65 million years ago, overlapping with the emergence of the first primates.
P. jirovecii
and its sister species
P. macacae
, which infects macaques nowadays, may have had overlapping host ranges in the distant past. Clues from molecular clocks suggest that
P. jirovecii
did not cospeciate with humans. Molecular evidence suggests that
Pneumocystis
speciation involved chromosomal rearrangements and the mounting of genetic barriers that inhibit gene flow among species.