bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-course of changes in cardiac function during recovery after acute exercise
Authors: Wonders Karen Y. , Hydock David S. , Hayward Reid 
Published: November 2007

Exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction (EICD) has been observed immediately following exhaustive exercise in trained individuals, but limited and conflicting data are available regarding EICD in a previously untrained population days after an exhaustive exercise bout. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a single bout of acute exercise on cardiac function during the 72 h after exercise and identify potential contributing mechanisms. After completing an acute exercise bout on a motorized treadmill (25 m/min, 5% grade, 60 min), rats were sacrificed immediately, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h after the exercise bout. At the scheduled time of sacrifice, hearts were isolated and perfused for determination of ex vivo cardiac function, and examined for malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation index, and antioxidant potential (AOP). During the 48 h post exercise, left ventricular developed pressure decreased by 30%, dP/dtmax declined by 37%, and dP/dtmin showed a 34% decrease (p < 0.05). By 72 h, cardiac function had returned to control levels. MDA was increased immediately after the exercise bout and at the 24 and 48 h intervals (p < 0.05). Conversely, AOP progressively decreased at the 24 and 48 h intervals. As with cardiac function, MDA and AOP had returned to control levels by 72 h post-exercise. These data indicate that a single bout of prolonged, moderately intense exercise performed by previously sedentary rats impaired cardiac function for up to 48 h. This decrement in cardiac function was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant potential.
Effect of pharmacological lowering of plasma urate on exercise-induced oxidative stress
Authors: McAnulty S. R. , Hosick P. A. , McAnulty L. S. , Quindry J. C. , Still L. , Hudson M. B. , Dibarnardi A. N. , Milne G. L. , Morrow J. D. , Austin M. D. 
Published: November 2007

Urate is a metabolic end product of purine metabolism that contributes about 66% of the antioxidant capacity of plasma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of plasma urate as an antioxidant using pharmacological lowering and examining the impact on plasma antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress after intense exercise. Fifteen subjects ran for 45 min at ~80% VO2 max under the influence of probenecid (1 g/d) (PRO) or placebo (PLA) in a double-blind, crossover design. Blood samples obtained at baseline, pre-exercise, and immediately post-exercise were analyzed for F2-isoprostanes, lipid hydroperoxides (LHs), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), urate, ascorbate (AA), and nitrite. A 2 (group) × 2 (time) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison tests, and Student’s t tests were used for statistical analysis. PRO exhibited lowered urate and FRAP compared with baseline (p ≤ 0.05), and group effects existed for the exercise trials (p = 0.023 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively) versus PLA. F2-isoprostanes, nitrite, and AA were increased after exercise (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, and p = 0.003, respectively), but the pattern of change was not different between treatments. This study indicates that plasma markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress were not affected by below-normal physiological concentrations of urate and a diminished antioxidant capacity within the plasma compartment.
Competitive inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by trichostatin A and butyrate
Authors: Sekhavat Anoushe , Sun Jian-Min , Davie James R. 
Published: November 2007

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a pivotal role in gene expression through their involvement in chromatin remodeling. The abnormal targeting or retention of HDACs to DNA regulatory regions is observed in many cancers, and hence HDAC inhibitors are being tested as promising anti-tumor agents. The results of previous kinetic studies, characterizing trichostatin A (TSA), as well as butyrate, as HDAC noncompetitive inhibitors, conflict with crystallographic and homology modeling data suggesting that TSA should act as a competitive inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that each of the HDAC inhibitors TSA and butyrate inhibits HDAC activity in a competitive fashion. Co-immunoprecipitation studies show that the inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity by TSA does not disturb the extensive level of their association in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Moreover, the inhibition of HDAC activity by TSA does not interfere with the interaction of HDAC1 and HDAC2 with Sin3A, a core component of the Sin3 complex. Thus, repressor complexes such as Sin3, appear to be stable in the presence of TSA. The association of HDAC2 with transcription factor Sp1 is also not affected by TSA.
Beauty and the Beast: Art and Science in Early Modern European Equine Imagery'
Authors: Cuneo Pia F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article analyses artists' manuals and veterinary texts in order to understand some of the assumptions attending the production of art and the practice of science in early modern Europe. These sources, several of which have remained largely unstudied, share a similar focus on the horse: how artists can best render them and how horse-owners and stable-masters can best care for them. The article considers these sources within their artistic, scientific and hippological contexts, but pays special attention to how the discursive practices of art and science overlap. The artists' manuals promote mathematically oriented techniques and aesthetics, while the illustration to the veterinary texts are fundamentally informed by artistic and iconographic traditions. Art and science thus mutually elucidate each other while simultaneously highlighting the social and economic importance of the horse in early modern history.
Rethinking Iconoclasm in Early Modern England: the Case of Cheapside Cross
Authors: Budd Joel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProtestant iconoclasm has generally been understood as an assault on the beliefs and practices of traditional religion. This article challenges that understanding through a detailed study of Cheapside Cross, a large monument that was repeatedly attacked by iconoclasts in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It draws on contemporary pamphlets and the manuscripts records of the City of London to reveal the complex variety of associations that Cheapside Cross acquired before and during the Reformation era. It argues that perceptions of the monument were shaped not only by its iconography but also by its involvement in ceremonies and rituals, including royal coronation processions. The iconoclastic attacks on Cheapside Cross should be interpreted not merely as a challenge to traditional beliefs but as attempts to restructure the monument's associations. The paper concludes that attacks on other images may be understood in a similar manner.
Circa 1533: Anxieties, Desires, and Dreams
Authors: Crouzet Denis , Good Jonathan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, and France, one can discern in the last decades of the fifteenth century and the early years of the sixteenth a powerful anguish about the future, taking one of two forms: either the vision of an imminent Last Judgment, or a great rupture in time, announcing the dawn of a new Covenant. In France, one of the peculiar features of this historical process was the tension that built up around the year 1533, one thousand five hundred years after the death of Christ. This tension could explain the offensive launched individually or collectively by the men who stood behind Marguerite de Navarre-men of faith who hoped to bring the kingdom into the evangelical sphere of the Word of God, given to each and to all. Their defeat, following the inaugural address of Nicholas Cop, and the two Affairs of the Placards, left the way open for the emergence of a sharp division between, on the one hand, a "popery" proclaiming that the End of Time had come, and, on the other, a Calvinism seeking to "de-eschatologize" the human understanding of time.
Ottoman Madrasas: the Multiple Lives of Educational Institutions in Eighteenth-Century Syria1
Authors: Tamari Steve 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNineteenth- and twentieth-century students of educational institutions in Damascus have disparaged the Ottoman period as one of decline. This article challenges the assumptions and the conclusions of these historians by looking at the status of Islamic colleges, madrasas, during the eighteenth century. Though the construction of madrasas in the eighteenth century did not rival the "golden age" of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, all phases of Damascus' history as a center of Islamic education should be put in the context of alternating periods of ups and downs. Within such a context the Ottoman period in general and the eighteenth century in particular emerge as much more vibrant than historians once assumed.
Franciscan Missionaries and the 1752 `Donation of Sierra Leone'
Authors: Hair P.E.H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Franciscan mission to western Guinea between the 1660s and the late eighteenth century operated, from its Bissau centre, a 'Mission to Sierra Leone', whose priests occasionally reached the territory of modern Sierra Leone. Contact was made with the Afro-Portuguese resident in the Sierra Leone estuary, particularly with the Lopes family, and in 1752 a leading member was encouraged to make a 'Donation of Sierra Leone' to the Portuguese crown. This had little meaning and no effect. Hardly anything else is known about the local missionary activities, partly because of the decay of the general mission, but scraps of information about the Catholicism of the Afro-Portuguese appear in Portuguese and English sources.
Mystical Weapons: Some Evidence From the Liberian War1
Authors: Ellis Stephen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDuring the Liberian civil war (1989-97), many participants, as well as local journalists, used terms such as 'sorcery', 'witchcraft', 'voodoo', 'juju' and 'African science' to describe certain techniques used by fighters. Essentially, these words were applied to techniques of offence or defence which were rooted in local religious traditions rather than in either Islam or Christianity. This article traces the history of such terms, as well as of the activities which they designate, to show how they changed during the twentieth century.
Mosques, Mawlanas and Muharram: Indian Islam in Colonial Natal, 1860-1910
Authors: Vahed Goolam H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study examines the establishment of Islam in colonial Natal, attempting to fill a void in and correct the existing historiography.1 In comparison with other parts of Africa, the lack of a historiographical tradition on Islamic South Africa is conspicuous, but understandable given that traditionally the impact and consequences of racial segregation occupied the attention of most historians. Although Islam is a minority religion in South Africa, apartheid has created an impression of population density not reflected in the census figures. According to the 1996 census, there were 553,585 Muslims in a total population of forty million.2 Indian Muslims make up one of the two largest sub-groups, the other being Malay¸.3 There are 246,433 Malay and 236,315 Indian Muslims.4 The majority of Indian Muslims are confined to KwaZulu Natal and Gauteng, while most Malay Muslims live in the Western Cape. There is thus very little contact and interaction between them; indeed there are deep differences of history, culture, class and tradition. Muslims have played an important role in the social, economic and political life of the country. The many mosques that adorn the skylines of major South African cities are evidence that Islam has a living presence in South Africa, while the militant activities of the Cape-based People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (Pagad) in the post-1994 period has ensured that Islam remains in the news. This study demonstrates that, apart from obvious differences between Indian and Malay Muslims, there are deep-seated differences among Indian Muslims. The diversity of tradition, beliefs, class, practices, language, region, and experience of migration has resulted in fundamental differences that have generated conflict.
Vade, Sta, Ambula
Authors: Gilliland Wright Diana 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper examines manumissions within the harsh and volatile culture of fourteenth-century Crete. Three large collections of notarial documents for the years 1300-1306 allow a real-time view of increased sales, decreased prices, and manumissions in the wake of the Catalan and Ottoman conquests in western Anatolia. It appears that when the price of a slave was equivalent to the wages of a hired man, slaves were freed within a fairly short time after capture. There was a variety of ways in which manumission could be accomplished, and ransoming was a business in itself. Wills from the whole century provide information about relationships, possessions, and economics, and indicate that owners often took responsibility in assuring the future stability of emancipated slaves. Cretan society was fluid enough that freed slaves of every ethnic origin were easily assimilated.
Princely Pieties: the 1598-1617 accessions of the Royal Library in Brussels
Authors: Thøfner Margit 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article is concerned with one particular phase of the history of the ancient Royal Library in Brussels. It investigates how the Library developed during the first two decades of the reign of the Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella; an investigation permitted by the existence of an inventory compiled between 1614 and 1617. A substantial part of the article thus consists of an annotated transcript of the relevant parts of this inventory. On this basis, the article demonstrates that the accessions policy of the Royal Library in Brussels went through a significant transformation during the period in question: the Library changed from being a wide-ranging academic resource towards a more narrowly religious and recreational scope. However, as the article argues, this change was probably not caused by the Brussels Court of Albert and Isabella. Rather, it was due to the suppliers of the Library, the chief printing-houses and authors of the Southern Netherlands. Thus, whilst the 1614-17 inventory is of historical interest itself, it also offers important evidence of how a certain social group perceived the Brussels Court.
Varia bibliographica
Authors: Lievens Robrecht 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn his brief note on a compositor's pun, the author refers to Prof. Marita Mathijsen's handbook on the discipline of editing, Naar de letter. Handboek editiewetenschap (Assen 1995), where she observes a difference between intentional interference and unintentional alteration in a given text. In the first category she mentions six reasons for a copyist or compositor to interfere in a text: (1) he wants to correct a mistake, (2) he disapproves of a particular construction, (3) he wants to alter the spelling, (4) he wants to alter the interpunction, (5) acting as a censor, he deletes, and (6) he has problems of a technical nature. The author mentions yet another possibility: the compositor wants to have some fun. In addition to the examples occurring in Die historie van Reynaert die Vos (Gouda, Leeu, 1479), mentioned by Hellinga-Querido and Gondrie - see note 2, the author has discovered another compositor's pun in Die excellente Cronike van Vlaanderen (Antwerpen, Willem Vorstcrman, 1531). On fo. 123v. of this edition the Christian name Adriaen occurs twice, the first time printed 'Adriaen', the second time 'Aaaa' when pronounced in Dutch 'Adriaen' could be understood to denote 'A three a's'. The author suggests that the compositor might have been inspired by an often quoted biblical reminiscence of Jeremiah 1, 6.
Walter Burley's Physics Commentaries and the Mathematics of Alteration
Authors: Sylla Edith Dudley 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a long question, "Whether there is motion to quality," (Utrum ad qualitatem sit motus) which became part of his Oxford Expositio omnium librorum Physicorum cum questionibus optime disputatis, composed before 1310, Walter Burley supported the succession-of-forms theory of qualitative change. After commenting on Peter Lombard's Sentences at Paris, Burley took part in disputations on controversial questions in the early 1320s, resulting in his De primo et ultimo instanti and his Tractatus Primus and Tractatus Secundus de intensione et remissione formarum. In these independent controversial works, Burley advanced and defended the succession-of-forms theory with greater detail and precision. This paper examines the treatment of the mathematics of alteration in Burley's final Parisian Expositio in libros octo de physico auditu in light of this earlier controversial work.
Nightmare and Utopia: Extraterrestrial Worlds From Galileo To Goethe
Authors: Guthke Karl S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPresent-day speculation on extraterrestrial intelligence, taking its cue from a number of programmes currently "listening" for electro-magnetic signals from space, have a prehistory dating back to the immediate aftermath of the Copernican Revolution. Throughout the centuries of the Early Modern Period, it was not only theological but also more or less secular philosophical concerns that informed the hopes and the fears that writers of all stripes associated with the tentative notion that "We are not alone." It was not until the "Romantic" period, around 1800, that a reaction set in: as Goethe put it, there is also a universe within us-one worthier of our attention than the cosmos.
Religion in Mental Health Care: Psychotherapists’ Views
Authors: van Uden Marinus H.F. , Pieper Joseph Z.T. 
Published: November 2007

This paper presents the results of an empirical study among two groups of psychotherapists in the Netherlands. One group works in a mental health institution based on religious principles (the Gliagg), and the other group in a general mental health institution (the Riagg). The investigation starts with an overview of the religious background and religious practices of the therapists. Some equations with the average Dutch citizen are made. The next part of the study deals with the perception by psychotherapists of religious issues connected with psycho-social problems. How often in their opinion is there a relation and what kind of relation is at issue? The third part of the study considers the way in which psychotherapists treat these religious issues. Do they attend to them and what kind of (religious) interventions are used? Special attention is given to the question of whether there are contacts with the clergy. We conclude that religion should be given a more pronounced place in general mental health care and that Riagg psychotherapists, in particular, should become better equipped to deal with religious issues.
Identity and Integrity in African Theology a Critical Analysis
Authors: Maluleke Tinyiko S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article was born out of a paper the author read at the bi-annual meeting of ATIEA (Association of Theological Institutions in East Africa) held April 2000 in Arusha, Tanzania. In it, the author traces the roots and aspects of African Theology wrestling with issues of identity. In doing this, reference is made to the nascent stages in the development of African Theology and to the birth of the philosophy of Pan-Afrcanism. In conclusion, the author suggests that perhaps after all is said and done, African identity crises - even African Christian identity crises - are not that unique but part of la condition humaine. If this there is even a grain of truth in this suggestion, then perhaps our attidue towards identity in Africa should be an open, exploratory rather than one that seeks to extinguish all identity crises and provide finalized answers.
The Contextualisation of Christlanity: the Case of the Bangwato of Botswana
Authors: Nkomazana Fidelis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article examines how the development of Christianity among the BaNgwato was influenced by socio-cultural practices. The most important factor is that where there was an attempt to contextualise, there was a rapid growth of Christianity, whilst where this was hindered or ignored, the response was negative. To adequately discuss this, I have selected four examples of socio-cultural practices : medical practices, war rites, initiation rites and marriage practices. The objective of the article is therefore to demonstrate that these factors greatly influenced the role and importance of Christianity among the BaN gwato.
A Jesus To Think With and Live By: Story and Ideology in Crossan's Jesus Research
Authors: Strijdom Johan M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this article is to challenge Crossan in two related fronts. First, concerning 'story': did ancient authors consciously reflect on the distinction between fact and fiction, history and myth, literal and metaphorical? Could they view myths as made-up tales about divine intervention ? Further, could they question the reality of divine intervention as such, or were these questions introduced only much later by the Enlightenment and then illegitimately projected onto antiquity, as Crossan holds? My answer refers to the evidence in Thucydides, the Hippocratic corpus and the Gnostics, but focuses especially on Plato's conscious manipulation of the myths of Atlantis and the metals. I also respond to Crossan's understanding of the Platonist Celsus. Secondly, concerning 'ideology': if jesus'message and program were about systemic justice as distributive egalitarianism, about non-violent but provocative protest against violent and oppressive imperialism, how do his vision and life then relate to ancient and modern views on and practices of social justice? My objection is that whereas Crossan correctly emphasizes the concern for a just society in the Jewish and Near Eastern traditions, he underestimates the contribution of Greco-Roman paganism (except for the Cynics) in this regard. By means of a cursory discussion of Hesiod, Solon, and Socrates, and a more elaborate treatment of Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics (eg, Musonius Rufus and Seneca) I indicate just how important such a nuanced comparison is.
Physical limitations and self-rated overall health in family medicine patients
Authors: Rohrer James E. , Merry Stephen P. , Rohland Barbara , Rasmussen Norman , Wilshusen Laurie 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To assess how physical limitations relate to self-rated health among family medicine patients after adjustment for severity of illness. Design: A telephone survey of family medicine patients, linked with medical record information. Setting: A large family medicine department in Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Subjects: Self-ratings of health were linked to medical records for 804 adult patients. Results: Adjusting for severity and other confounders using multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that having physical limitations was inversely and independently related to good self-rated health (adjusted odds ratio = 0.20, P<0.001). Odds ratios also were lower for high severity of illness (adjusted odds = 0.43). Morbidly obese patients and patients older than 65 years of age also had reduced odds of good self-rated health. Conclusions: In our sample of family medicine patients, part of the disparity in health status experienced by people with physical limitations is attributable to greater severity of illness, age and obesity.