bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for unusual aggregation of health risk in semiparametric models
Authors: Bottai Matteo , Geraci Marco , Lawson Andrew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present a method for surface estimation over some area of interest using spatial multilevel semiparametric models, in which the spatial correlation is modeled through splines with random coefficients associated with a set of knots. Multiple sets of random effects are associated with partitions of the entire area of interest that allow flexibility for testing unusual rates within sub‐regions of larger areas. To test departures from the null value of no unusual rates, we derive a score‐based test statistic, partially by using some of the results available for singular information problems. The test is robust in that it does not require specifying the joint distribution of the random effect. In an extensive simulation study this overall general test shows correct levels, and it is highly sensitive to clustering across all the scenarios considered. Once a departure is detected, a second, finer grid of knots can be superimposed on the existing grid, and the proposed procedure can be applied to test the homogeneity within two or more sub‐areas. The proposed model is applied to lung cancer deaths in South Carolina in the year 2000 and to data on airborne mercury in vegetation around a solid waste incinerator in Oxford, New Jersey. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative quantification based on logistic models for individual polymerase chain reactions
Authors: Chervoneva Inna , Li Yanyan , Iglewicz Boris , Waldman Scott , Hyslop Terry 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) technology measures molecular variations in specific biomarkers. Relative quantification determines the target expression relative to an external standard or reference sample and should be adjusted for the PCR efficiencies actually achieved. More accurate methods of estimating PCR efficiency require a number of serial dilutions of the target sample, which is not generally feasible for clinical specimens. Alternatively, the efficiency of a single reaction may be estimated by considering kinetic data from this reaction. The current methods of estimating individual reaction efficiency require finding its exponential phase, which may affect the accuracy and precision of efficiency estimates. Thus, a model adequately representing all available kinetic RT‐PCR data is preferable, but no such model is currently in use for relative quantification. In this work, we use a logistic model for all kinetic data from each RT‐PCR and propose a new method of efficiency‐adjusted relative quantification based on the estimates from the fitted logistic models. This method allows incorporating multiple replicates and possibly multiple reference (‘housekeeping’) genes for estimating relative expression and corresponding confidence interval. Real kinetic RT‐PCR data are used to compare the proposed and standard methods. The methods are applied to the clinical data from the ongoing study of guanylyl cyclase C as a biomarker for colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoparticle‐Wetted Surfaces for Relays and Energy Transmission Contacts
Authors: Voevodin Andrey A. , Vaia Richard A. , Patton Steven T. , Diamanti Steven , Pender Mark , Yoonessi Mitra , Brubaker Jennifer , Hu Jian‐Jun , Sanders Jeffrey H. , Phillips Benjamin S. , MacCuspie Robert I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSubmonolayer coatings of noble‐metal nanoparticle liquids (NPLs) are shown to provide replenishable surfaces with robust asperities and metallic conductivity that extends the durability of electrical relays by 10 to 100 times (depending on the current driven through the contact) as compared to alternative approaches. NPLs are single‐component materials consisting of a metal nanoparticle core (5–20 nm Au or Pt nanoparticles) surrounded by a covalently tethered ionic‐liquid corona of 1.5 to 2 nm. Common relay failure modes, such as stiction, surface distortion, and contact shorting, are suppressed with the addition of a submonolayer of NPLs to the contact surfaces. This distribution of NPLs results in a force profile for a contact–retraction cycle that is distinct from bare Au contacts and thicker, multilayer coatings of NPLs. Postmortem examination reveals a substantial decrease in topological change of the electrode surface relative to bare contacts, as well as an indication of lateral migration of the nanoparticles from the periphery towards the contact. A general extension of this concept to dynamic physical interfaces experiencing impact, sliding, or rolling affords alternatives to increase reliability and reduced losses for transmittance of electrical and mechanical energy.
Durability of glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites in an alkaline environment
Authors: Cho Eung Ha , Mounts Joshua L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the aging of urethane and urethane‐modified vinyl ester (UMVE) GFRPs (glass fiber reinforced polymers) when they were exposed to alkaline solution for six months under a sustained load of 34.5 MPa or 16–20% of their tensile strength. The second experiment exposed both types of GFRP to alkaline solution without load for 6 months. The final experiment determined the alkaline solution diffusion coefficients into GFRP and neat polymer resin samples by measuring the change in mass of each sample as a function of time. After the GFRP samples were aged for 6 months, their tensile strengths were measured and compared with that of non‐aged samples to determine the aging effect. It was found that alkaline solution alone without sustained load did not significantly reduce or change the tensile strength of any GFRP sample. However, the presence of sustained load greatly increased the aging effect, particularly more for urethane GFRP than on UMVE GFRP. Urethane GFRP experienced a tensile strength reduction of 57.5%, while UMVE GFRP lost 27.3% of its original tensile strength. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:221–228, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hindcasting hourly wind power across Scotland based on met station data
Authors: Boehme Thomas , Wallace A. Robin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents methods and results from a study where long‐term wind measurements at 10 m above ground level from meteorological stations across Scotland were used to hindcast both average and hour‐by‐hour local wind speeds. For this, Scotland was divided into 21 simulation areas each containing a meteorological station. The Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) was then used—well outside its specified range for both distance and area slope—to predict the wind climate at 80 m above ground level on a square kilometre basis. With further processing, time series of wind speed were derived for selected locations. Based on wind turbine power curves it was then possible to derive time series of power which were applied in power system analysis and used to study the degree of matching between renewable generation and electricity demand. This paper focuses on the creation of the onshore wind speed and power time series for areas of interest in Scotland. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behaviour of the new Tetrameric Gadolinium Carboxylate [Gd4(OH)4(CF3COO)8(H2O)4] · 2.5 H2O
Authors: John Daniela , Urland Werner 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe novel tetrameric gadolinium(III) compound [Gd4(OH)4(CF3COO)8(H2O)4] · 2.5 H2O was synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The Gd3+ ions are bridged by hydroxide ions and carboxylate groups to tetramers with Gd3+‐Gd3+ distances between 384.2(2) and 388.1(2) pm. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (Z = 4). The magnetic behaviour of [Gd4(OH)4(CF3COO)8(H2O)4] · 2.5 H2O was investigated in the temperature range of 2 to 300 K. The magnetic data of this compound indicate antiferromagnetic interactions (Jex = −0.0197 cm−1).
Anion and Additive Effects on the Structure of Mercury(II) Halides Complexes with Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Lv Yang , Su Zhi , Okamura Taka‐aki , Wu Gang , Sun Wei‐Yin , Ueyama Norikazu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe metal complexes [Hg2(tbim)2Br4]·2DMF (1) and [Hg2(tbim)I4]·1.5DMF (2) were prepared by reactions of 1,3,5‐tris(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene (tbim) with HgBr2, HgI2, respectively, and [Hg2(tbim)I4]·0.5(FeCp2)·H2O (3) was obtained by the same method with addition of ferrocene (FeCp2) as additive. Their structures were determined by X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Complex 1 has a macrocyclic binuclear structure with one benzimidazole arm of the ligand free of coordination and the binuclear units are further connected by C‐H···N hydrogen bonds to give an infinite zigzag chain. Complexes 2 and 3 have a 2D network structure in which tbim serves as a tridentate ligand. The results showed that the halides of bromide and iodide have remarkable impact on the structure of the complexes. The FeCp2 molecules are trapped in the voids of framework 3.
Kristallstrukturen aus CaBe2Ge2‐ und CeMg2Si2‐analogen Blöcken: Die Phosphide LnPt2P2−x (Ln: La, Sm)
Authors: Imre Anette , Hellmann Andrea , Mewis Albrecht 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCrystal Structures of CaBe2Ge2 and CeMg2Si2 analogous Units: The Phosphides LnPt2P2−x (Ln: La, Sm)Single crystals of LaPt2P1.44 (a = 4.174(1), c = 19.212(5) Å) were grown by reaction of vaporous phosphorus with LaPt2 at 1050 °C during two weeks, whereas SmPt2P1.50 (a = 4.131(1), c = 19.086(4) Å) was synthesized by heating mixtures of the elements at 900 and 1100 °C (60 h) and annealing at 1050 °C (300 h). Both phosphides were investigated by single crystal X‐ray methods. Their crystal structures (I4/mmm; Z = 4) consist of CaBe2Ge2 and CeMg2Si2 analogous units alternating with each other along [001]. The positions of the P1 atoms are occupied incompletely causing the deviation to the 1:2:2 stoichiometry. Another compounds LnPt2P2−x were studied by X‐ray powder diffraction resulting in the following lattice constants: a = 4.150(1), c = 19.132(5) Å for CePt2P2–x, a = 4.137(1), c = 19.085(4) Å for PrPt2P2−x, and a = 4.127(1), c = 19.040(2) Å for NdPt2P2−x.
Solvothermal Synthesis of two 2‐D Thioantimonates(III) with Metal Complexes as Template Ions, [M(dap)3]Sb4S7 (M = Ni2+ and Co2+)
Authors: Zhou Jian , Bian Guo‐Qing , Zhang Yong , Dai Jie , Cheng Na 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo new thioantimonates [M(dap)3]Sb4S7 (M = Ni2+ (1) and Co2+ (2)) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions by the reaction of NiS (or Co metal), Sb and S in an aqueous solution of 1,2‐diaminopropane (dap). Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural. The polymeric [Sb4S72−]n anion is composed of two SbS3 trigonal pyramids and two SbS4 units. The SbS3 and SbS4 units are interconnected by corners and edges to build a 2‐D puckered layer with Sb4S4 and Sb16S16 heterorings. The apertures of the large Sb16S16 hetero‐rings are filled by two [M(dap)3]2+ complex cations which serve as template ions. The band gaps of 2.44 eV for 1 and 2.43 eV for 2 have been estimated from optical absorption spectra.
On the Anion Distribution in Zr7O8N4
Authors: Bredow Thomas , Lerch Martin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe effect of anion distribution on the stability of β‐zirconium oxide nitride Zr7O8N4 (trigonal, ${\rm R} {\bar 3}$; a = 953.80(2) pm, c = 884.98(3) pm, Z=3) has been investigated quantum‐chemically. In agreement with experimental results for the structurally related β′‐type zirconium oxide nitride (Zr7O11N2) nitride anions occupy sites in the central polyhedron of a Bevan cluster (A7X12 unit) in the most stable configurations. Other relevant structural ordering parameters are minimization of N3−···N3− contacts and of the number of quasi‐linear N–Zr–N bonds. The calculated electronic structure of β‐Zr7O8N4 is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Zur Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Na10[M3O6][MO3] (M = Fe, Mn) mit einer Bemerkung zu den magnetischen Eigenschaften
Authors: Amann Peter , Sobotka Bettina M. , Fastje Oliver , Möller Angela 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSynthesis and Crystal Structure of Na10[M3O6][MO3] (M = Fe, Mn) with a Remark on the Magnetic PropertiesSingle crystals of Na10[M3O6][MO3] (M = Mn, Fe) may be obtained via a redox reaction of CdO with the respective transition metal in the presence of Na2O and a flux as red single crystals, which are sensitive to moisture. The crystal structure (determined from IPDS data, ${\rm R} {\bar 3}{\rm m}$, Z = 6) contains isolated trigonal aplanar [MO3] units and $^{2}_{\infty}\rm [M_{3}O{6}]$ layers of [MO4] tetrahedra connected via corners to three‐membered rings, which share common edges resulting in the formation of twelve‐membered rings. The statistical occupancy of 21 out of 60 sodium atoms per unit cell is discussed and calculations of the Madelung Part of the Lattice Energy (MAPLE) are given. Furthermore, we report on the magnetic properties of Na10[Mn3O6][MnO3] in close relation to the structural entities.
A Structural Study of the Iminodiacetate Moiety Conformation in N‐(1‐adamantyl)‐iminodiacetate(2‐) Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Fernández‐Piñar Regina , Sánchez de Medina‐Revilla Celia , Domínguez‐Martín Alicia , Brandi‐Blanco María Pilar , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , González‐Pérez Josefa María , Niclós‐Gutiérrez Juan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractN,N‐bis(carboxymethyl)‐1‐adamantylamine acid (H2BCAA) or N‐(1‐adamantyl)‐iminodiacetic acid forms zwitterions that are intra‐stabilized by a ‘bifurcated’ N+‐H···O(carboxyl)2 interaction. In the crystal, both half‐protonated carboxyl groups of H2BCAA± are involved in linear O‐H···O inter‐molecular bridges of 2.46Å. In the studied BCAA‐CuII derivatives, the iminodiacetate‐moiety of the BCAA chelating ligand exhibits a mer‐NO2 conformation in [Cu(BCAA)(H2O)2] (1) and [Cu(BCAA)(Him)]2 (2), but a fac‐O2+N(apical) conformation in [Cu(BCAA)(bpy)(H2O)]·3.5H2O (3) [Him = imidazole, bpy =2,2′‐bipyridine]. In clear contrast, dipyridylamine (dpya), as auxiliary ligand, seems to be unable to promote the fac‐O2+N(apical) conformation in BCAA, as reveal the structures of two new salts with the trinuclear cation [(dpya)2Cu‐μ2‐Cu(BCAA)2‐Cu(dpya)2]2+ and the anions [Cu(BCAA)2]2− (4) or NO3− (5), respectively.
Another Example for the Ability of the $\rm SbS^{3-}_{3}$ Anion to act as a Bidentate Ligand: Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Calculated and Experimental Raman Spectra of [Cr(tren)SbS3]·H2O
Authors: Möller Karina , Näther Christian , Bannwarth Alexander , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe new charge neutral complex [Cr(tren)SbS3]·H2O was synthesized under solvothermal conditions applying CrCl3·6H2O, Sb2S3, and S as starting material in an aqueous tren solution (tren = tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine)). The compound crystallizes in the non‐centrosymmetric space group P212121 with a = 8.7779(15), b = 10.7122(17), c = 15.4286(18) Å, V = 1450.8(4) Å3. In the structure the Cr3+ ion is surrounded by four N atoms of the amine molecules and by two S atoms of a trigonal pyramidal [SbS3]3− group, i.e., the latter acts as a bidentate ligand. A three‐dimensional network is formed via hydrogen bonds between the complexes and water molecules. The main resonances in the Raman spectrum can be explained on the basis of calculated data. The most intense band is due to the Sb‐S stretching vibration. The thermal properties were investigated by DTA‐TG measurements. On heating [Cr(tren)SbS3]·H2O decomposes in two distinct steps. The first step corresponds to the removal of the water molecules and the second step to the loss of the tren ligand.
A Tin(IV) Porphyrin with Two Axial Organometallic NCN‐Pincer Platinum Units
Authors: Suijkerbuijk Bart M. J. M. , Tooke Duncan M. , Spek Anthony L. , van Koten Gerard , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA tin(IV) porphyrin was combined with two axial NCN‐pincer platinum(II) fragments by utilizing the oxophilicity of the apical positions on the tin atom and the acidic nature of the NCN‐pincer platinum derived benzoic acid. The solid‐state structure determined by X‐ray crystallography revealed some close contacts between the pincer complexes and the meso‐p‐tolyl subsitutents of the porphyrin. It was shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy that these close contacts were not present in solution and that this compound can potentially act as a novel building block for supramolecular architectures.
Students’ Perceptions of School Climate During the Middle School Years: Associations with Trajectories of Psychological and Behavioral Adjustment
Authors: Way Niobe , Reddy Ranjini , Rhodes Jean 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA cross‐domain latent growth curve model was used to examine the trajectories of change in student perceptions of four critical dimensions of school climate (i.e., teacher support, peer support, student autonomy in the classroom, and clarity and consistency in school rules and regulations) among 1,451 early adolescents from the beginning of sixth through the end of eighth grade; and the effects of such trajectories on the rate of change in psychological and behavioral adjustment. Findings indicated that all of the dimensions of perceived school climate declined over the 3 years of middle school. Furthermore, declines in each of the dimensions of perceived school climate were associated with declines over time in psychological and behavioral adjustment. Moreover, the direction of effects between each dimension of perceived school climate and psychological or behavioral adjustment were often unidirectional rather than bi‐directional, underscoring the role of perceived school climate in the psychological and behavioral health of early adolescents. Gender and socioeconomic class differences in these patterns are noted.
How Risk is Perceived, Constructed and Interpreted by Clients in Clinical Genetics, and the Effects on Decision Making: Systematic Review
Authors: Sivell Stephanie , Elwyn Glyn , Gaff Clara L. , Clarke Angus J. , Iredale Rachel , Shaw Chris , Dundon Joanna , Thornton Hazel , Edwards Adrian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs an individual's understanding of their genetic risk may influence risk management decisions, it is important to understand the ways in which risk is constructed and interpreted. We systematically reviewed the literature, undertaking a narrative synthesis of 59 studies presenting data on the ways in which individuals perceive, construct and interpret their risk, and the subsequent effects. While most studies assessed perceived risk quantitatively, the combined evidence suggests individuals find risk difficult to accurately quantify, with a tendency to overestimate. Rather than being a stand‐alone concept, risk is something lived and experienced and the process of constructing risk is complex and influenced by many factors. While evidence of the effects of perceived risk is limited and inconsistent, there is some evidence to suggest high risk estimations may adversely affect health and lead to inappropriate uptake of medical surveillance and preventative measures by some individuals. A more focused approach to research is needed with greater exploration of the ways in which risk is constructed, along with the development of stronger theoretical models, to facilitate effective and patient‐centered counseling strategies.
Characterization of Flax and Soybean Soapstocks, and Soybean Deodorizer Distillate by GC‐FID
Authors: Dumont Marie‐Josée , Narine Suresh S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGas chromatography with a flame ionization detector has been used for the characterization of flax and soybean soapstocks and soybean deodorizer distillate. Derivatization by silylation of the samples prior to their injection into a medium polar column enabled a peak resolution of the different components, which led to unambiguous identification of the majority of the components of the samples. The identification and quantification of the fatty acids and sterols in soapstocks and of the fatty acids and tocopherols in deodorizer distillate were successfully achieved. The system has been sensitive enough to characterize 87.5% (mass basis) of the flax soapstock, 95.4% (mass basis) of the soybean soapstock and 83.8% (mass basis) of the soybean deodorizer distillates composition. The method can be safely used for the identification and quantification of most of the components of any type of soapstock and deodorizer distillates.
Häufige Erkrankungen mit Repeatexpansionen
Authors: Zühlke C. 
Published: October 2007

Zusammenfassung
Expansionen instabiler repetitiver DNA-Sequenzen können Ursache degenerativer Erkrankungen des Menschen sein. Die repetitiven Elemente variieren in der Kopienzahl sowohl bei gesunden als auch bei betroffenen Personen und führen zur Erkrankung, sobald eine genspezifische Schwelle überschritten wird. Dabei besteht eine Korrelation zwischen Repeatlänge einerseits und Schwere der Symptomatik bzw. Erkrankungsbeginn andererseits. In aufeinander folgenden Generationen werden häufig ein früherer Beginn sowie ein schwererer Verlauf beobachtet. Diese sog. (klinische) Antizipation beruht auf stetiger Expansion pathologischer Allele, die bei Zellteilungen (DNA-Replikation) instabil sind und relativ selten Kontraktionen erfahren. Die parentale Herkunft des mutierten Allels beeinflusst bei der Mehrzahl der Erkrankungen das Ausmaß der Repeatexpansion bei den Nachkommen. Die repetitiven Sequenzen liegen in kodierenden oder nicht-kodierenden Genabschnitten. Abhängig von Lokalisation und Erbgang werden als pathogenetische Mechanismen ein Funktionsverlust („loss of function“) auf Proteinebene oder eine Funktionsveränderung („gain of function“) auf RNA- oder Proteinebene postuliert.
Sources of total, non-milk extrinsic, and intrinsic and milk sugars in the diets of older adults living in sheltered accommodation
Authors: Bradbury Jane , Mulvaney Charlotte E. , Adamson AshleyJ. , Seal Chris J. , Mathers John C. , Moynihan Paula J. 
Published: October 2007

The WHO recommends limiting non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) consumption to ≤ 10 % energy to reduce the risk of unhealthy weight gain and dental caries, and to restrict frequency of intake to ≤ 4 times/d to reduce risk of dental caries. Older adults, especially those from low-income backgrounds, are at increased risk of dental caries, yet there is little information on sugars intake (frequency of intake and food sources) in this age group. The aim of this report is to present baseline data from a community-based dietary intervention study of older adults from socially deprived areas of North East England, on the quantity and sources of total sugars, NMES, and intrinsic and milk sugars, and on frequency of NMES intake. Dietary intake was assessed using two 3-d estimated food diaries, completed by 201 participants (170 female, thirty-one male) aged 65–85 years (mean 76·7 (sd5·5) years) recruited from sheltered housing schemes. Total sugars represented 19·6 %, NMES 9·3 %, and intrinsic and milk sugars 10·3 % of daily energy intake. Eighty-one (40·3 %) exceeded the NMES intake recommendation. Mean frequency of NMES intake was 3·4 times/d. The fifty-three participants (26·4 %) who exceeded the frequency recommendation ( ≤ 4 times/d) obtained a significantly greater percentage of energy from NMES compared with those participants who met the recommendation. The food groups ‘biscuits and cakes’ (18·9 %), ‘soft drinks’ (13·1 %) and ‘table sugar’ (11·1 %) made the greatest contributions to intakes of NMES. Interventions to reduce NMES intake should focus on limiting quantity and frequency of intake of these food groups.