bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Study on Voiding in Underfill of Large Quantity Ball Grid Array Chip Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ling Calvin , Azahari Muhammad Taufik , Abas Mohamad Aizat , Ng Fei Chong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates voiding issues in the underfilling process of ball grid array (BGA) chip packages under various parameter settings such as chip conveyor speed, valve pressure, temperature, and dispense pattern complicate. The study identifies valve pressure as the primary cause of voiding in large quantity BGA chips, achieving 88.9% in accuracy, supported with the deformation of the valve nozzle. Additionally, the findings reveal that racing effects occurs due to asymmetry of the solder ball array arrangement with percentage difference between the TSAM BGA chips experiments and its simulation counterparts in the range of 0.089–3.65%.
Tracing the Academic Lineage of Richard J. Goldstein
Authors: Shadid John , Madanan Umesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Richard J. Goldstein was a distinguished figure in both scientific and engineering research, who served in several important professional societies and was honored with fellowships and appointments to numerous domestic and international academies. His global impact is further felt through the distinguished students he mentored during his highly productive academic career and who have subsequently achieved success in academia, research, and industry. However, to many, Goldstein's most profound and personal impact was as an esteemed educator, thesis advisor, and mentor. The heartfelt gratitude expressed by these students and colleagues attests to his profound influence in their lives. This brief article endeavors to delve into Goldstein's academic genealogy, a history of groundbreaking contributors spanning over six centuries, which also bears witness to the evolution of the present-day fields of thermodynamics and heat and mass transfer. Richard J. Goldstein's academic lineage traces back through two primary branches: (i) an astronomy/physics branch and (ii) a mathematics/physics branch. The astronomy/physics branch commences its journey from the venerable Nicolaus Copernicus, whose revolutionary contributions laid the foundation for seminal research in the field of astronomy. The mathematics/physics branch is anchored by eminent figures such as the Bernoulli brothers, Leonhard Euler, Jean d'Alembert, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Presented in this article predominantly in the form of a directed graph, this succinct academic lineage illustrates the historical roots of Goldstein's intellectual heritage, a journey incorporating key figures greatly revered by the contemporary thermodynamics and heat transfer research community.
Numerical Analysis of the Drag Reduction Performance of a Double M-Ship Boat With Stepped Planning-Air Coupling
Authors: Ya Yu , Zhang Ziji , Wang Shuai , Li Shujiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, analyze the influence of the stepped planning structure on the drag performance by observing waveform diagrams at the stern of the double M-ship and water–air and pressure distribution diagrams at the bottom of the ship. This study uses the combined stepped planning-air drag reduction technology to improve the sailing characteristics of the double M-ship. Research findings: The stepped planning contributes to a reduction in bottom pressure, enhances water–air distribution, and augments the amplitude of hull movement. Within the design speed range, the maximum drag reduction rate achieved by the stepped planning is 7.574%. However, this enhancement comes at the expense of increased viscous pressure resistance, which becomes the predominant resistance when sailing at full speed; Injecting air at the stepped planning can effectively reduce the viscous pressure resistance increased by the stepped planning. The combined drag reduction technology of stepped planning and air successfully realizes the total drag reduction at the double-M ship's high speed. The total resistance experienced when air is injected at the stepped planning is reduced by up to 20.981% compared to the original hull.
Kinematic Performance of a Customizable Single Degree-of-Freedom Gait Trainer for Cost-Effective Therapy Aimed at Neuromuscular Impairments
Authors: Jadav Shail , Karvaje Karthik Subramanya , Kadam Sujay D. , Vashista Vineet , Sulzer James , Deshpande Ashish , Palanthandalam-Madapusi Harish J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A majority of robotic gait trainers to facilitate physical therapy for gait rehabilitation in humans are based on multidegree-of-freedom exoskeleton-based systems with sophisticated electro-mechanical hardware and software, and consequently remain inaccessible to vast sections of the populations around the world. This study seeks to advance the development of a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) gait trainer for gait therapy for individuals with neuromuscular impairments. The goal is to offer a cost-effective, accessible solution to cater to the global need for gait rehabilitation. We build upon the previous gait trainer design based on Jansen mechanism and provide an in-depth analysis and experimental validation of its kinematic performance. The device's performance is also tested and successfully demonstrated through trials involving two healthy individuals to examine its kinematic behavior under human-induced load conditions. The gait trainer demonstrates satisfactory performance under both no load conditions and a 2 kg load, exhibiting an area difference of 1% and 7%, respectively. However, when subjected to a 5 kg loading condition, a significant area difference of 27% is observed, primarily attributed to the cantilever loading at the driving shaft. A method to adjust link lengths based on specific human gait trajectories is proposed and validated. Additionally, a cost-effective tool for ankle trajectory measurement is introduced to establish a ground truth. The study demonstrates the potential of an affordable, single DOF gait trainer in facilitating high-volume therapy for those with walking disorders. This research represents a step toward making gait therapy more accessible worldwide.
New Literature from the Paris Disputation against the Talmud
Authors: Lampurlanés Isaac 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In 1239, the convert Nicholas Donin submitted thirty-five articles against the Talmud to Pope Gregory IX. As a result, Christendom became aware of how Jews observed an oral law that was allegedly plagued with folly, blasphemy, and heresy. This triggered the infamous trial against the Talmud and resulted in the production of several Latin translations of rabbinical texts, including the compilation of the Extractiones de Talmud (1245). The present article mainly focusses on a short text taken from the manuscript Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Vat. lat. 822 (folios 204ra–205ra), which includes a series of Talmudic passages that derive from texts which emerged from the Paris Disputation against the Talmud (1240–1245). From it, we are able to infer new information regarding the genesis of subsequent anti-Jewish works, including the Errores Iudaeorum by Thibaud de Sézanne and Passau Anonymous anti-Jewish sections. Additionally, we also provide the edition and translation of the text of the Vatican manuscript at the end of the article.
“I Wish to God That My Request Will Be Successful! It Would Be the Greatest Joy of My Life”
Authors: Link Daniela , Hansson Nils 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Following the lead of historiography on credit and prestige in literature, this article considers reputation and recognition not as inherent qualities of an author, but as the result of the process of attribution. In particular, drawing on nomination letters and evaluations by the Swedish Academy, it focusses on the staging of brilliance and impact in Nobel Prize nominations. Using the examples of the German authors Georg Bonne, Hermann Türck and Arno Holz, we reconstruct and discuss ‘Nobel nomination campaigns’. The dossiers reveal what the Nobel Prize nomination process looked like behind the scenes, how their nominators enacted them, and why they ultimately did not receive the award. One a more general level, we discuss the influence Nobel campaigns have and what literary and social fields they affect.
Creation of a Prototype Cochlear Training Model
Authors: Gautam Ishwor , Shaw Avi , Brickman Dhiren , Mahajan Ajay , Jeyakumar Anita 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Creation of a novel 3D-printed physical cochlear model that demonstrated the feasibility of creating the model, and impact of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) system on training insertion metrics. Study Design: Feasibility study with a pilot prospective data collection. Setting: Tertiary academic center. Methods: The study was IRB exempt. Five resident trainees (PGY1-PGY5) practiced electrode insertions in cadaveric temporal bones before using the simulator. Nine students were educated on how to hold the electrodes and position them, and then allowed to use the simulator. All trainees were instructed that slower insertions were favorable. One cochlear implant (CI) surgeon used the simulator. The GUI captured the real video feed, but also provided distance, trajectory, and velocity measurements. The program is designed to plot the real-time depth of insertion and speed of insertion of the electrode; the user is also provided real-time occurrence of any kinks and back-outs. Results: A total of 14 trainees and 1 CI surgeon inserted the electrode at least 5 times without the use of the GUI (before) and then at least 5 times with the use of the GUI (after). Average Speed before and after (100.84 and 53.23 mm/s); Average minimum speed before and after (59.34 and 9.65 mm/s); and Average maximum speed before and after (416 and 285.81 mm/s). Statistically significant improvements were noted in all the measured speeds of insertion ( P < .001). The other variables improved but not to a statistical significance. Conclusions: Real-time training using the 3D-printed model and GUI for cochlear implantation can help improve surgical resident training and comfort levels with electrode insertion for surgical trainees. The advantage of this model is that surgeons/trainees can use it as many times as they like, as the whole set-up is easy, economical, and reusable. The real time graphical user interface enhances training and retention of the practiced skills.
Effect of blood conservation protocol on the utilisation of blood and outcome of patients undergoing open heart surgery
Authors: Bagaria Vivek , Badragiri Lahari , Hiremath C S 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Cardiac surgery is fraught with increased consumption of blood and blood products. Various strategies for blood conservation have been described. Our aim was to study the impact of a structured blood conservation protocol (BCP) on the utilization of blood and patient outcome. Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data comparing adult patients undergoing open heart surgery with BCP with those undergoing surgery without BCP. The primary objective was to compare the amount of blood utilized and the hematocrit at discharge. The secondary objective was to compare the parameters of patient outcomes. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results The proportion of patients requiring transfusion (19.1% [9/47] vs 58.9% [33/56]; p < 0.001) and the quantity of blood transfused (12 units vs 45 units; p 0.003) in the BCP group was significantly lower. Interestingly, the hematocrit level at discharge was comparable between the groups (30.9 (4.8) versus 31.8 (2.4), p-0.671). The average cost incurred for transfusing blood in the BCP group was ₹ 370.2 as compared to ₹1165.1 in the other ( p < 0.001). BCP reduced the odds of overall blood transfusion by 79.8% (OR 0.202 (0.084-0.485); p < 0.001) and intraoperative blood transfusion by 95.3% (OR 0.047 (0.010-0.213); p < 0.001). The morbidity and mortality were comparable between the groups. Conclusion Implementing a structured blood conservation protocol in patients undergoing open heart surgery significantly reduces the need for blood transfusion. It also has a promising impact on patient recovery after surgery and significant positive cost implications.
Uneven Development, Choice of Technique, and Generalized Worldwide Law of Value
Authors: Knez Klemen 
Published: March 2024

We address the issue of persistent uneven development from a Marxist perspective. First, we show the conceptual problems in applying the unmodified law of value to the international setting. Second, we propose a generalization of the global law of value by introducing an additional level of abstraction into the global valorization process—national abstract labor. Third, we examine broad cases of internationalization caused by deviations in productivity differences across industries from the average productivity differences across countries. We discover an endogenous national and international dynamic push toward specialization that perpetuates uneven development. The benefits of such specialization are skewed in favor of more developed countries, and the potential for technological improvement created by the global division of labor blocks technological progress in less developed countries. JEL Classification: B14, F00, F63, O14
Reliability of the 2021 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire
Authors: Jones Sherry Everett , Brener Nancy D. , Queen Barbara , Hershey-Arista Molly , Harris William A. , Mpofu Jonetta J. , Underwood J. Michael 
Published: March 2024

Purpose The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) monitors behaviors, experiences, and conditions affecting the health of high school students nationwide. This study examined the test-retest reliability of the 2021 national YRBS questionnaire. Design Respondents completed a Time 1 and Time 2 paper-and-pencil questionnaire approximately 2 weeks apart during February to May 2022. Data were linked in such a way as to preserve anonymity. Setting Convenience sample of high schools. Subjects High school students (N = 588). Measures Health risk behaviors and experiences assessed on the 2021 national YRBS questionnaire. Analysis Time 1 and Time 2 responses were compared for each questionnaire item using the McNemar’s test. Then, Cohen’s kappa coefficients tested the agreement between Time 1 and Time 2 responses overall, and by sex, grade, and Black, White, and Hispanic race and ethnicity. Results Among the 74 items analyzed, 96% had at least moderate reliability, and 73% had substantial or almost perfect reliability. The mean Cohen’s kappa was .68. McNemar’s test findings showed Time 1 and Time 2 data significantly differed ( P < .01) for 9 items (12%). Conclusion Reliable health behavior measures are important in the development of youth-focused public health programs and policies. Findings suggest the national YRBS questionnaire is a reliable instrument. Such findings lend support to relying on adolescent self-reported data when monitoring health behaviors using the YRBS.
Understanding the impact of women’s correct risk perception on human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis: Insights from South Africa
Authors: Wand Handan , Moodley Jayajothi , Reddy Tarylee , Naidoo Sarita 
Published: March 2024

Background South African women have the highest burden of HIV infections globally. We investigated the temporal trends and the impact of key factors associated with HIV diagnosis among a nationally representative cohort of South African women. Methods Total of 24,657 women who participated in the National HIV, Behaviour and Health Surveys conducted from 2002-to-2017. Results Despite decades-long prevention efforts, we observed a significant increase in HIV prevalence over time (22% in 2002 to 21% in 2005-2008 and 29% in 2012-2017). Overall, 46% of the women living with HIV were not aware of their risk of HIV with age-specific disparities. Our findings revealed compelling evidence between HIV seropositivity and high HIV risk-perception (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR):1.47 to 3.29) which increased overtime and exceeded the other factors. At a population-level, 45% of the HIV diagnoses were exclusively associated with women who believed they were at risk of HIV in 2012-2017. Women who reported using condoms at last sexual act were also at increased risk of HIV infection, with a population attributable risk of 18% (2002) to 21% (2012-2017). Conclusion There is an urgent need for culturally, socially, and linguistically appropriate prevention and awareness campaigns with realistic, non-confrontational messages.
Understanding moral distress in home-care nursing: An interview study
Authors: Petersen Julia , Rösler Ulrike , Meyer Gabriele , Luderer Christiane 
Published: March 2024

Background Moral distress is a far-reaching problem for nurses in different settings as it threatens their health. Aim This study examined which situations lead to moral distress in home-care nursing, how and with which consequences home-care nurses experience moral distress, and how they cope with morally stressful situations and the resulting moral distress. Research design A qualitative interview study with reflexive thematic analysis was used. Participants and research context We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 home-care nurses in Germany. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the Data Protection Office and Ethics Committee of the German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Findings Twenty (14 female and 6 male) home-care nurses were interviewed between April and August 2023 at their chosen location. The situations leading to moral distress were inadequate care of the person in need of care, not being able to protect one’s health, extended responsibility for the entire care arrangement, work–privacy conflicts, and conflicts between the understanding of care or professional ethics and the performance and billing system. The nurses experienced moral distress as they worked alone and provided care in the patient’s territory. Short- and long-term strains with destructive cognitions, negative emotions, physical symptoms, and health consequences were reported. They faced challenges in coping with moral distress on institutional and individual levels. Conclusions In cases of tension between the service and billing system and the understanding of these nurses’ care services, moral distress is unavoidable. Alternative forms of organization and billing modalities, such as payment by time and the expansion and refinancing of service, should be implemented. The latter relates to systematic case and ethics meetings. Further, a transfer of medical activities, such as the prescription of wound material to registered nurses, could prevent morally stressful situations and improve patients’ quality of care.
Nursing students’ movement toward becoming a professional caring nurse
Authors: Jaastad Turid Anita , Ueland Venke , Koskinen Camilla 
Published: March 2024

Background Previous research mainly focuses on how to support nursing students in caring for the patient and on educators’ views of students’ development as professional caring nurses. Against this background, it is important to further investigate nursing students’ perspectives on what it means to become a professional caring nurse. Research aim This qualitative systematic review study aims to identify and synthesize nursing students’ perceptions on the meaning of becoming a caring nurse. Research design and data sources Systematic data searches were conducted by using the electronic databases MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Academic Search Premiere (EBSCO), and Philosopher`s Index. In total, 13 studies met the inclusion and quality criteria. The articles were analyzed by a systematic review and a thematic synthesis according to Thomas and Harden. Ethical consideration The study followed good ethical practice guidelines outlined in the Northern Nurses’ Federation. Findings The analysis resulted in eight descriptive themes and finally in three analytical themes: Becoming is to get in touch with one’s inner ethic or ethos, Becoming is a movement between courage, understanding, and being touched, and Becoming is strengthened through caring role models and a learning culture. Conclusions Becoming a professional caring nurse is seen as an ongoing movement toward a deeper understanding of oneself and one’s being and bearing. This movement is enabled when nursing students have a sense of self-awareness, courage to stand in their vulnerability, and reflect on their responsibility, caring attitude, and inner values and ethics. The force of becoming is that the attention is directed beyond self to care for and feel empathy for others in a caring manner. Becoming is released through a caring relationship, external confirmation, and good role models. A lack of external support in the movement can potentially prevent the students from becoming a professional caring nurse.
Self-Esteem in Adults With ADHD Using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pedersen Aksel Bjørø , Edvardsen Bernhard Vestby , Messina Salvatore Matias , Volden Maria Rudjord , Weyandt Lisa L. , Lundervold Astri J. 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To summarize and analyze recent articles investigating self-esteem in adults with ADHD, focusing on the impact of demographic and clinical characteristics, and methodological issues. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search for literature published between 2010 and 2022 was conducted in the Web of Science, Ovid, Pubmed, and EBSCO databases. Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Five of the six studies including healthy controls reported lower self-esteem in participants with ADHD. ADHD symptoms correlated negatively with self-esteem. Gender differences were not observed. Self-esteem mediated several outcomes associated with ADHD. There was a lack of studies that examined potential mechanisms behind the reduced self-esteem, and studies controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: A robust association between ADHD and low self-esteem in adults emerged, but the lack of control of confounding variables is critical to consider when interpreting the findings. Longitudinal studies addressing the limitations of the current studies are needed.
Operational cost and wind power integration capacities of the integrated heat and power dispatch (IHPD) system under different heating regulation modes and time steps
Authors: Zhang Xuexiang , Zheng Jinfu , Zhu Hui , Hu Songtao , Liang Shimin 
Published: March 2024

The utilization of the district heating system (DHS) thermal inertia is greatly influenced by heating regulation modes and time steps, however, which has been rarely analysed in almost all integrated heat and power dispatch system (IHPD) models, for the purpose of wind power integration. In this study, an IHPD model considering the thermal inertia of the DHS was established, in which a data interaction problem amongst the power sources, heat sources and district heating networks was solved. Thereafter, four most commonly used heating operation modes and different heating regulation time steps were applied to the IHPD model, respectively, to analyse and compare their effects on the IHPD system under different operation conditions, mainly considering the operation cost and the wind power integration. Results of the case studies showed that the variable flow and variable supply temperature mode produced the lowest operation cost of the IHPD system during a whole heating season. Consequently, this mode is recommended to be applied in the optimization operation of the IHPD system with the wind power integration. Meanwhile, a heating regulation time step within 3 h could make full use of the DHS thermal inertia, thus to improve the operational flexibility of the IHPD system.