bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond cemeteries – excavation of a settlement of Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca Culture in Ivancea, Republic of Moldova
Authors: Meyer Michael , Munteanu Octavian , Iarmulschi Vasile , Schatte Torben 
Published: April 2024

Summary
The Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca-culture (late 3rd to second half of the 1st century BC), which is distributed in the forest steppe between the east Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniestr, is seen as the result of an immigration of groups from the Jastorf area in North-East Germany. This concept is based on cemeteries: both the form of the grave4s and their material culture (ceramics, jewellery, costume) are foreign in the area, but show clear connections to the North and the North-West. Up to now large settlement excavations are missing that would allow for an evaluation of that concept based on settlement and economic structures as well as on the material culture of everyday life. The project that is presented here with first results, aims to that desideratum. With surveys and test excavations as a starting point on different sites in Central part of Republic of Moldova, the authors are excavating the Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca settlement of Ivancea-Sub Pădure on a large scale. The project is funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
The paper presents first results like different post buildings and pit dwellings, the spectrum of small finds and a selection of the numerous ceramics including greek imports, and discusses the connectivity that becomes visible. The post buildings have no regional parallels and seem to have the best parallels in the Northwest. In opposite to that the small finds show a broad entanglement especially to the south and West and thus contradict the evidence from the grave. Also, in opposite to the graves the settlement ceramics show clear regional traditions, bus also relations to the North and the Northeast.
Between-session chasing of losses and wins in an online eCasino
Authors: Zhang Ke , Rights Jason D. , Deng Xiaolei , Lesch Tilman , Clark Luke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsThis study characterized chasing behaviour as the time to return to an online gambling website after a losing or a winning visit.MethodsWe analyzed a naturalistic dataset from an eCasino (PlayNow.com, the provincial platform for British Columbia, Canada), comprising 1,909,681 sessions from 15,544 individuals. Analyses distinguished sessions on slot machines, blackjack, roulette, video poker, probability games, or mixed-category sessions.ResultsOverall, gamblers on most games returned more slowly as a function of the prior loss, and more quickly as a function of the prior win. Loss chasing intensities in blackjack, probability, video poker, and mixed sessions did not differ significantly from slot machines, but roulette was associated with shorter intervals to return (b = −0.13, p < 0.001). Similarly, win chasing did not vary across slot machines, blackjack, probability games, and video poker, but roulette (b = −0.08, p < 0.001) and mixed (b = −0.02, p = 0.009) sessions were associated with shorter intervals.Discussion and conclusionsThe average behavioural patterns provide limited evidence for loss chasing but clearly indicate win chasing. Although slot machines are commonly considered a high-risk product, roulette in our analyses was associated with the greatest chasing intensities.
Morphological and structural properties of silver/chlorargyrite nanoparticles prepared using Senecio madagascariensis leaf extract and interaction studies with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Hlapisi Nthabeleng , Songca Sandile P. , Ajibade Peter A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSenecio madagascariensis leaf extract was used to synthesize silver/chlorargyrite nanoparticles. XRD diffraction patterns confirmed the nanocrystalline phase with a face-centered crystal structure of metallic silver. The TEM revealed that the silver and silver chloride nanoparticles were spherical and polydisperse with a decreasing size with respect to the concentration of the silver salt and an average size in the range 13–25 nm. The optical band gaps for Ag/AgCl are 2.71, 2.73, and 2.66 eV for nanoparticles prepared with 20 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM, respectively. The SEM–EDX confirmed the presence of elemental Cl and Ag. The results show that S. madagascariensis could be used to prepare environmentally friendly bioactive silver nanoparticles. Fluorescence data indicated that static quenching played a role in the formation of the complex between AgNPs and BSA.
Graphical abstract
Development of broadband ultraviolet pulsed laser using Ce:LiCAF crystal to determine SO\(_2\) gas concentration by differential absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Pham Minh Hong , Nguyen Diep Van , Pham Duong Van , Nguyen Tu Xuan , Do Hieu Minh , Doan Kieu Anh Thi , Phung Tiep Viet , Luu Hong Dang , Le Dang Van , Vu Bich Thi , Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Dinh Trung Van 
Published: April 2024

Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of many gases which include pollutants such as SO2, NO2, NO, and O3 that have absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength region. Therefore, the development of broadband UV laser sources that are useful in a differential absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system for environmental research is necessary. In this research, we present the DOAS system using the Ce:LiCAF laser for determining SO2 gas concentration in the atmosphere. The Ce:LiCAF laser has a full width at half maximum of 2 nm with a wavelength range from 286 to 291 nm and a peak wavelength of 288.5 nm. The results show that the DOAS system accurately determines the gas concentration with a measurement error of 6 %. This result can serve as the basis for developing practical DOAS systems with the ability to monitor a wide range of gasses and survey many other types of pollutants.
Monitoring the Quality of Organization of Civic Education for Schoolchildren in the City of Omsk
Authors: Чухин С.Г. , Чухина Е.В. 
Published: April 2024

Рассмотрена примерная рабочая программа воспитания для общеобразовательных организаций, предусматривающая формирование российской культурной и гражданской идентичности обучающихся; приобщение к российским традиционным духовным ценностям, включая ценности своей этнической группы; историческое просвещение. Представлен мониторинг, предметом которого выступает практика формирования российской гражданской идентичности школьников на муниципальном уровне (город Омск). Цель статьи – презентация результатов мониторинга. Делается вывод об эффективных направлениях и проблемах в исследуемом направлении муниципальной системы образования.
An approximate working educational program for general education organizations is considered, which provides for the formation of the Russian cultural and civic identity of students; familiarization with Russian traditional spiritual values, including the values of one’s ethnic group; historical education. Monitoring is presented, the subject of which is the practice of forming the Russian civic identity of schoolchildren at the municipal level (Omsk city). The purpose of the article is to present the monitoring results. A conclusion is drawn about effective directions and problems in the studied area of the municipal education system.
COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR E PERCEPÇÃO SUBJETIVA DE ESTRESSE EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS EM PERÍODO PANDÊMICO
Authors: Saldanha Lima Barbara , Marinho Franco Alaiana , Nascimento-Ferreira Marcus Vinicius 
Published: April 2024

Tema geral: Ciências biológicas e da saúde.Objetivo: Testar a relação entre comportamento alimentar e percepção subjetiva de estresse em estudantes universitários em período pandêmico. Métodos: Este estudo faz parte do 24-hour Movement Behavior and Metabolic Syndrome (24h-MESYN), uma coorte prospectiva. A amostra foi de 195 estudantes de graduação (68,7% mulheres; 44,6% idade entre 21 a 25 anos; 65,8% matriculados em um curso de ciências da saúde; 24,5% no 1º ao 3º semestre). Os dados foram coletados durante o primeiro semestre de 2021 na cidade de Imperatriz, MA. Coletamos medidas autorrelatadas online usando a Perceived Stress Scale (14 itens) e o Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (33 itens). Avaliamos escores das dimensões de estresse positivo e negativo como exposições (representando autoeficácia percebida e desamparo, respectivamente) e escores de ingestão emocional, restrição alimentar e ingestão externa como desfechos. Nós examinamos as associações usando regressão linear multinível. Resultados: Não observamos associação entre o estresse percebido (domínio positivo e negativo) com a ingestão emocional e restrição alimentar. No entanto, após o ajuste para o sexo biológico e idade, observamos que o domínio negativo do estresse percebido (β = 0,02 [IC 95%: 0,006 a 0,04]) associou-se com a ingestão externa. Conclusão: A percepção de desamparo esteve associada com o comportamento alimentar entre estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Palavras-chave: Comportamento Alimentar; Estresse; Pandemia; Adultos.
A Method to Identify Pore Fluids in Heterogeneous Conglomerate Reservoirs Using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Log with Oil-Based Mud Invasion
Authors: Gao Feiming , Xiao Liang 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging has been extensively utilized for identifying pore fluids in recent years. However, after oil-based mud (OBM) invasion, OBM filtrate partially takes the place of the original fluid in the reservoir and the morphology of the NMR T2 (transverse relaxation time) spectrum changes. OBM invasion makes it difficult to identify the formation fluid using routine NMR fluid identification methods. In this study, we took heterogeneous conglomerate formation in the northwestern Junggar Basin as a case study and carried out core experiments under four conditions (viz., water-saturated, OBM displacing water, oil-saturated, and OBM displacing oil) and simulated the states of OBM invasion into water and hydrocarbon-bearing formation. Comparative analysis finds that when the OBM invades the water layer, the movable peak of the T2 spectrum primarily reflects the bulk relaxation characteristics of OBM filtrate, whereas when the OBM invades into the oil layer, the T2 spectrum may exhibit a three-peak distribution, where the first peak mainly indicates irreducible water, the second peak reflects OBM filtrate, and the third peak primarily reflects nondisplaced oil. To facilitate fluid identification, two T2 cutoffs are adopted to divide the T2 spectrum into three segments, and combined with the T2 geometric average, a fluid identification factor (ifluid) is proposed. Finally, identification criteria for reservoir type are established on the NMR logging and drillstem test data. The field application verifies the reliability of the proposed methods. These methods realize the identification of oil layers under OBM drilling and guide the subsequent production and development of oil reservoirs.
Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the different reason of propolis and gum against bacterial infection
Authors: Li Zongze , Liu Zhengxin , Guo Yuyang , Xuan Hongzhuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Propolis is a substance derived from plant resin (tree gum), and its antibacterial activity is one of its most important biological activities. However, the key differential components between propolis and tree gum and their antibacterial mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the key active differential metabolites and potential antibacterial mechanisms of these differential metabolites utilizing widely targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology.
Methods Widely targeted metabolomics was employed to identify metabolites in poplar propolis and poplar gum. The antibacterial activities of poplar propolis and poplar gum against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were compared using the inhibition zone diameter (DIZ), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Additionally, network pharmacology was utilized to screen key active differential metabolites and their core targets. The potential antibacterial mechanisms of these key active differential metabolites were determined through GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis.
Results Using widely targeted metabolomics, we identified 1646 metabolites in two poplar propolis samples and one poplar gum sample, of which 942 were common differential metabolites that were enriched in nine KEGG enrichment pathways, including flavonoid biosynthesis. In vitro antibacterial experiments also revealed that the diameter of the zone of inhibition of MRSA by poplar gum was significantly different from that of poplar propolis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the MIC for poplar propolis was 0.15625 mg/ml, the MBC was 0.3125 mg/ml, the MIC for poplar gum was 0.3125 mg/ml, and the MBC was 0.625 mg/ml. Poplar propolis exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than poplar gum. Subsequently, network pharmacology analysis identified 72 key active differential metabolites and 23 core targets associated with the treatment of bacterial infection. Finally, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the core targets were predominantly enriched in signaling pathways related to immune regulation and the inflammatory response.
Conclusions In summary, although propolis is derived from tree gum, its metabolites are significantly different from those of tree propolis. In addition, the key active differential metabolites of propolis and poplar propolis determined the differences in their antibacterial efficacy, and the potential antibacterial mechanisms of poplar propolis and poplar gum might include immune regulation and the inflammatory response. Moreover, the screening of key active differential metabolites might lead to the identification of reliable biomarkers for poplar propolis and poplar gum. This work provides valuable insights for future quality control of poplar propolis and treatment of associated bacterial infections.
Rapid Emergence of the Indian Ocean Extreme Sea Level
Authors: PUTHIYADATH SREERAJ , P. Swapna , Singh Manmeet , Krishnan Raghavan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Mean sea level rise (MSLR) and weather extremes can drive extreme sea level (ESL) variations locally. In the Indian Ocean, ESL estimates under global warming are either absent or limited by MSLR alone or biased storm surge model simulations. Using tide gauge, machine learning, and numerical models, we identify a rapid emergence of ESL in the Indian Ocean, particularly in the equatorial region compared to off-equatorial areas. Equatorial islands will experience the one-in-a-hundred-year ESL (ESL100) of the present-day annually by 2030-40 under a high-emission scenario, with delay until 2050 for the Arabian Sea coastline and the south subtropical regions. MSLR will mainly contribute to future ESL changes, with tide and surges contributing less than 10%. A median rise of 60–80 cm in ESL is anticipated by 2100, demanding coastal planning and climate adaptation strategies for a resilient coastal population.
A minimal presynaptic protein machinery mediating synchronous and asynchronous exocytosis and short-term plasticity
Authors: Krishnakumar Shyam , Bose Dipayan , Bera Manindra , Norman Chris , Timofeeva Yulia , Volynski Kirill 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles with remarkable precision in response to presynaptic Ca2+ influx but exhibit significant heterogeneity in exocytosis timing and efficacy based on the recent history of activity. This heterogeneity is critical for information transfer in the brain, yet its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we employ a biochemically-defined fusion assay under physiologically-relevant conditions to delineate the minimal protein machinery sufficient to account for different modes of Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion and short-term facilitation. We find that Synaptotagmin-1, Synaptotagmin-7, and Complexin, synergistically restrain SNARE complex assembly, thus preserving vesicles in a stably docked state at rest. Upon Ca2+ activation, Synaptotagmin-1 induces rapid vesicle fusion, while Synaptotagmin-7 mediates delayed fusion. Competitive binding of Synaptotagmin-1 and Synaptotagmin-7 to the same SNAREs, coupled with differential rates of Ca2+-triggered fusion clamp reversal, govern the kinetics of vesicular fusion. Under conditions mimicking sustained neuronal activity, the Synaptotagmin-7 fusion clamp is destabilized by the elevated basal Ca2+ concentration, thereby enhancing the synchronous component of fusion. These findings provide a direct demonstration that a small set of proteins is sufficient to account for how nerve terminals adapt and regulate the Ca2+-evoked neurotransmitter exocytosis process to support their specialized functions in the nervous system.
Stimulated Emission from Hexagonal Silicon-Germanium Nanowires
Authors: Haverkort Jos , Tilburg Marvin , Farina Riccardo , Lange Victor , Peeters Wouter , Meder Steffen , Jansen Marvin , Verheijen Marcel , Vettori Marco , Finley Jonathan , Bakkers Erik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Hexagonal crystal phase SiGe (hex-SiGe) features efficient direct bandgap emission between 1.5 and 3.4 μm. For expanding its application potential, the key challenge is to demonstrate material gain for enabling a hex-SiGe semiconductor laser. Here we report the transition from the spontaneous emission regime to the stimulated emission-dominated amplified spontaneous emission regime in hexagonal Si0.2Ge0.8 nanowires. We observe narrow resonance peaks arising above a spontaneous emission background, which show lasing signatures such as a threshold and a superlinear increase of the emission. A Hakki-Paoli analysis of the height of the cavity resonances provides the gain spectrum of hex-SiGe, showing evidence for a positive material gain. Measurements of the cavity line widths provide an independent assessment of the total cavity loss. While lasing has not been reached, the observation of optical amplification and amplified spontaneous emission provides a clear roadmap toward lasing in hexagonal SiGe. This opens a new pathway for the monolithic integration of a Si-compatible laser within electronic chips.
Detection of Attacks with An Adversarial Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Akhlaghpasandi Taha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Machine learning methods are widely used in various domains, and the analysis of attacks is no exception. Various types of attacks occur daily. Therefore, examining each of them by human experts is becoming increasingly difficult due to the limited number of experts compared to the increasing number of attacks and the possibility of human error in detecting attacks, making it a tedious and almost impossible task. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to design a machine learning model or deep learning for intrusion detection. These models have been built with different accuracies using machine learning algorithms such as RF, SVM, Decision tree, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, DNN, ANN, CNN, RNN, LSTM, and GRU. Groups have created various models with different accuracies using machine learning or deep learning. In all cases, a good level of accuracy has been achieved, but none of them have exposed their model to attacks to evaluate their model's ability. In other words, none of them have subjected their designed model to attacks to assess their model's own capabilities. The aim of this research is to propose a method to improve the intrusion detection results using machine learning methods. Machine learning methods are continuously evolving and are constantly being replaced by methods that have better performance, processing power, efficiency, and accuracy. In our proposed method, in addition to building an acceptable model with good accuracy, we attack our model using adversarial attack methods. GAN neural networks, as one of the frameworks suitable for applying adversarial attacks, consist of generative models that produce new data similar to the training data.
Dynamics of plastic debris and its density change between river compartments in the Tuul River system, Mongolia
Authors: Munkhbat Dolgormaa , Battulga Batdulam , Oyuntsetseg Bolormaa , Kawahigashi Masayuki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Plastic pollution in river environments has become an emerging global concern. However, the migration of plastic and changes in its properties between river compartments are less understood. This study demonstrates the plastic debris aging and the dynamics between floodplain, surface water, and sediment compartments of the Tuul River, Mongolia. Plastic occurrence is evaluated in terms of their abundance, size, shape, polymer type, and photodegradation in each compartment. Photodegradation stages were calculated using the carbonyl index (CI). Plastic abundance was 5.46 ± 3.53 items/m2 in the floodplain, 155 ± 100.7 items/m3 in the surface water, and 128.4 ± 76.3 items/kg in the sediment. Microplastics dominated in the size category in all compartments, while macro- and megaplastics were found only in the floodplain. Polyethylene and polypropylene dominated the surface water and sediment, while polystyrene was the predominant plastic in the floodplain. A positive correlation was found between the distributed polymer types in the surface water and sediment compartments. The similar composition in size and polymer type suggests vertical plastic migration from water to sediment. Although CI values showed that the plastic aging was significantly different between water and sediment (water: 0.61 ± 0.26, and sediment: 0.90 ± 0.68). The dominance of low-density plastics with high CI in the sediment suggests that the aged plastic density changed during the vertical transport in the river system.
Four distinct stages of human language evolution are suggested by clustering of speech and language comprehension abilities in individuals with language deficits
Authors: Vyshedskiy Andrey , Venkatesh Rohan , Khokhlovich Edward 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Use of syntactic language is a unique characteristic of humans. Following the split of human line from chimpanzee line around six million years ago some individuals acquired genetic modifications that enabled certain linguistic abilities. Over time these mutations were fixed in the human population and currently enable modern human syntactic communication. Inevitably, in some modern individuals, language-critical genes regress to their ancestral functionality causing partial loss of language abilities. Population studies of individuals with language deficits reveal language phenotypes that may correspond to stages of language evolution. Previously, we discovered three distinct language-comprehension-phenotypes: 1) individuals in the command-language-comprehension-phenotype were limited to comprehension of simple commands; 2) the modifier-language-comprehension-phenotype showed additional comprehension of color, size, and number modifiers; 3) the most-advanced syntactic-language-comprehension-phenotype added comprehension of complex grammatical sentences 1. In this study we clustered language comprehension skills together with speech abilities in 55,000 individuals-with-language-deficits. We discovered four distinct phenotypes: 1) command-language-comprehension with no-expressive-language; 2) modifier-language-comprehension with single-word-expressive-language; 3) modifier-language-comprehension with single-sentence-expressive-language; 4) syntactic-language-comprehension with multi-sentence-expressive-language. These phenotypes may align with four distinct stages of language comprehension and speech co-evolution. Using homology between neurological mechanisms underlying language and stone-tools-manufacturing we deduce the chronology of language acquisition in our ancestors.