bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclin D1 and p21 is elevated in the giant cells of giant cell tumors
Authors: Kandel R. , Li S.‐Q. , Bell R. , Wunder J. , Ferguson P. , Kauzman A. , Diehl J.A. , Werier J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlterations of cell cycle regulatory proteins, especially those that regulate G1 to S transition, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human tumors. In previous studies we showed that that there is overexpression of cyclin D1 protein predominately in the giant cell component of giant cell tumors of bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that may be responsible for cyclin D1 accumulation in giant cell tumors. Giant cell tumors have high levels of cyclin D1 mRNA and the giant cell‐enriched population of these tumors have significantly more mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 than the mononuclear cell population. The giant cells also expressed higher levels of p21 protein and more p21 bound to cyclin D1 than the mononuclear cells. It is possible that p21 may be contributing to the cyclin D1 accumulation that occurs in the giant cells and perhaps even giant cell formation in these tumors. Additional studies are required to confirm the role of p21 in the pathogenesis of these tumors. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:428–437, 2006
A biodegradable delivery system for antibiotics and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2: A potential treatment for infected bone defects
Authors: Suzuki Akinobu , Terai Hidetomi , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Namikawa Takashi , Yokota Yoshiko , Tsunoda Takanori , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo produce an osteogenic and bacteriocidal biomaterial for the treatment of infected nonunions or bone defects, a synthetic degradable block copolymer of poly‐D,L‐lactic acid segments with randomly inserted p‐dioxanone and polyethylene glycol (PLA‐DX‐PEG) segments was mixed with recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2) and antibiotics at high concentration. We then examined the in vitro elution profile of an antibiotic (teicoplanin) from the polymer, the effects of antibiotics on the bone‐inducing capacity of rhBMP‐2 or on ectopic new bone formation induced by the rhBMP, and the ability of the polymer to repair bone in a rat cranial defect model. Approximately 40% of teicoplanin was released within the first 24 h, with the remaining amount released steadily over 21 days with no loss of antibacterial activity. The polymer had disappeared by degradation in the phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at the end of the incubation period. The in vivo performance of pellets with antibiotics and rhBMP‐2 revealed no significant change in bone yield within the ossicles after 3 weeks. Also, antibiotics had no inhibitory effect on the ability of rhBMP2 to repair cranial defects. Indeed, when the defect was filled by a polymer disc loaded with rhBMP‐2 with or without teicoplanin, the defect was repaired by new bone, and normal anatomy was restored within 6 weeks. In conclusion, the PLA/DX/PEG polymer appears to work as effectively for antibiotics as it does for rhBMP‐2. Additionally, the biological activity of rhBMP‐2 was retained irrespective of the presence of antibiotics. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:327–332, 2006
VEGF, VEGFR‐1, and CTGF cell densities in tendon are increased with cyclical loading: An in vivo tendinopathy model
Authors: Nakama Leena H. , King Karen B. , Abrahamsson Sven , Rempel David M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTendon injuries can occur in athletes and workers whose tasks involve repetitive, high‐force hand activities, but the early pathophysiologic processes of tendinopathy are not well known. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of cyclical tendon loading on the densities of cells producing growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR‐1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) tendon at the epicondyle. The FDP muscles of nine New Zealand rabbits were electrically stimulated to contract repetitively for 80 h of cumulative loading over 14 weeks. The contralateral limbs served as controls. The tendons at the medial epicondyle insertion sites were harvested, and sections were immunostained with antibodies directed against VEGF, VEGFR‐1, or CTGF. Positive‐staining cells were counted in six regions of interest: three along the enthesis, and three corresponding regions 1500 microns distal to the enthesis. VEGF (p = 0.0001), VEGFR‐1 (p = 0.046), and CTGF (p = 0.0001) cell densities were increased in the tendon of the loaded limb compared to the nonloaded limb. In addition, regional differences in VEGF, VEGFR‐1, and CTGF cell densities were found. VEGF, VEGFR‐1, and CTGF are increased in tendon experiencing cyclical loading and may play a role in the early vascular changes in the progression to tendinosis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:393–400, 2006
The central ACL defect as a model for failure of intra‐articular healing
Authors: Spindler K.P. , Murray M.M. , Devin C. , Nanney L.B. , Davidson J.M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIntra‐articular soft tissues, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), fail to heal in contrast to the extra‐articular medial collateral ligament (MCL), which undergoes classic healing. The goal of this study was to validate a model for failure of intra‐articular healing that could be used in the future to test new repair strategies. We conducted a two‐part experiment, the first part ex vivo, and the second in vivo. Our initial ex vivo experiments were used to determine the optimal width of the central defect in the canine ACL that would produce reproducible structural properties at time zero. The second experimental series used this optimal scalpel blade width to create a central defect in the canine ACL followed by measurement of structural properties in the ACL after either a 3‐ or 6‐week in vivo healing period. A 3.5‐mm beaver blade resulted in a maximum tolerated load of 56.8 ± 4.7% (mean ± SEM) of control at time zero. After the 3‐ and 6‐week in vivo healing periods, the maximum load was 74.6 ± 5.3 at 3 weeks and 64.9 ± 3.8% at 6 weeks compared to control. Thus, biomechanical parameters tested at 6 weeks after creation of a defect showed no significant gains from defects tested immediately after the creation of injury. The centrally placed ACL defect in this canine model demonstrates failure to mechanically heal, which should prove suitable for future in vivo evaluation of the biomechanical and histological response to tissue engineering repair strategies for intra‐articular soft tissues. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:401–406, 2006
The Last Glacial Maximum in the North Sea Basin: micromorphological evidence of extensive glaciation
Authors: Carr S. J. , Holmes R. , van der Meer J. J. M. , Rose J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDespite a long history of investigation, critical issues regarding the last glacial cycle in northwest Europe remain unresolved. One of these refers to the extent, timing and dynamics of Late Devensian/Weichselian glaciation of the North Sea Basin, and whether the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were confluent at any time during this period. This has been the result of the lack of the detailed sedimentological data required to reconstruct processes and environment of sediments recovered through coring. This study presents the results of seismic, sedimentological and micromorphological evidence used to reconstruct the depositional processes of regionally extensive seismic units across the North Sea Basin. Thin section micromorphology is used here to provide an effective means of discriminating between subglacial and glacimarine sediments from cored samples and deriving process‐based interpretations from sediment cores. On the basis of micromorphology, critical formations from the basin have been reinterpreted, with consequent stratigraphic implications. Within the current stratigraphic understanding of the North Sea Basin, a complex reconstruction is suggested, with a minimum of three major glacial episodes inferred. On at least two occasions during the Weichselian/Devensian, the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were confluent in the central North Sea. Whilst micromorphology can provide much greater confidence in the interpretation of Late Quaternary offshore stratigraphic sequences, it is noted that a much better geochronology is required to resolve key stratigraphic issues between the onshore and offshore stratigraphic records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity profiling of deubiquitinating enzymes in cervical carcinoma biopsies and cell lines
Authors: Rolén Ulrika , Kobzeva Vera , Gasparjan Natalja , Ovaa Huib , Winberg Gösta , Kisseljov Fjodor , Masucci Maria G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractUbiquitin specific proteases (USPs) regulate the production and recycling of ubiquitin and are thereby critically involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increasing evidence implicates deregulation of USPs in malignant transformation but there is very little information on the overall and specific activity of USPs in normal and tumor tissues. We have used a chemistry‐based functional proteomics approach to profile the activities of individual USPs in biopsies of human papillomavirus (HPV) carrying cervical carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue. To assess the contribution of HPV proteins, USP activity was also compared in HPV positive and negative cervical carcinoma cell lines and HPV E6/E7 immortalized human keratinocytes. The activity of the C‐terminal hydrolases UCH‐L3 and UCH37 was upregulated in the majority of tumor tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. UCH‐L1 activity was lower in a significant proportion of the tumors but to a less extent in advanced tumors. In accordance with the relatively low UCH‐L1 activity in tumor biopsies, UCH‐L1 was detected only in one out of eight cervical carcinoma lines. UCH‐L1, UCH‐L3, USP7, and USP9X activity was upregulated following HPV E6/E7 immortalization of keratinocytes, suggesting a role of these enzymes in growth transformation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution pHe imaging of rat glioma using pH‐dependent relaxivity
Authors: Garcia‐Martin Maria L. , Martinez Gary V. , Raghunand Natarajan , Sherry A. Dean , Zhang Shanrong , Gillies Robert J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPrevious studies using MR spectroscopy have shown that the extracellular pH (pHe) of tumors is acidic compared to normal tissues. This has a number of important sequelae that favor the emergence of more aggressive and therapy‐resistant tumors. New MRI methods based on pH‐sensitive T1 relaxivity are an attractive alternative to previous spectroscopic methods, as they allow improvements in spatial and temporal resolution. Recently, pH‐dependent GdDOTA‐4AmP5‐ and a pH‐independent analog, GdDOTP5‐, were used to image renal pH in mice. The current study has used a similar approach to image pHe in rat gliomas. Significant differences were observed compared to the renal study. First, the relaxivity of GdDOTP5‐ was found to be affected by the higher extracellular protein content of tumors. Second, the pixel‐by‐pixel analysis of the GdDOTP5‐ and GdDOTA‐4AmP5‐ pharmacokinetics showed significant dispersion, likely due to the temporal fluctuations in tumor perfusion. However, there was a robust correlation between the maximal enhancements produced by the two boluses. Therefore, to account for the local time‐courses differences, pHe maps were calculated at the time of maximal enhancement in each pixel. Finally, the comparison of the pHe and the time to maximal intensity maps revealed an inverse relationship between pHe and tumor perfusion. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testicular development in the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Hannema SE , Scott IS , Rajpert‐De Meyts E , Skakkebæk NE , Coleman N , Hughes IA 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), caused by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, is associated with abnormal testicular development and an increased risk of germ cell malignancy. Previous histological studies in CAIS have selected patients purely on the basis of clinical diagnosis and were mostly based on small numbers, many of whom were post‐pubertal. Here, we present 44 cases of CAIS, each with molecular pathological confirmation of an AR mutation. The median age at gonadectomy was 5.5 years (5.5; IQR 1–13). We have been able, therefore, to investigate testicular development in infancy, childhood and puberty, and estimate the incidence of premalignant change in this series. In addition, we have investigated whether the presence of epididymides and/or vasa deferentia in CAIS, previously shown to be associated with residual activity of mutant ARs, is related to a particular testicular phenotype. Epididymides/vasa deferentia were present in 36% of cases and these patients showed varying degrees of seminiferous tubule maturation at puberty above those without epididymides/vasa deferentia (p = 0.003). There were no other histological differences between these patient groups. In both groups, features of testicular degeneration and dysgenesis were present and germ cell development was delayed, with prolonged expression of the gonocyte markers, placental‐like alkaline phosphatase and activator protein‐2γ. Germ cell numbers rapidly declined after the first year of life (R2 = 0.42). Only two cases of carcinoma in situ were identified in our study and both patients were postpubertal (17 and 53 years). From these results and the literature, we conclude that the risk of premalignant change in germ cells is low before and during puberty. Patients can be advised, therefore, that gonadectomy can be delayed to allow for a natural puberty, with low risk of malignant transformation. Our study only included one patient over 18 years, so we cannot comment on the risk of malignant transformation in later life. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early embryonic demise: no evidence of abnormal spiral artery transformation or trophoblast invasion
Authors: Ball E , Robson SC , Ayis S , Lyall F , Bulmer JN 
Published: January 2006

AbstractInvasion by extravillous trophoblast of uterine decidua and myometrium and the associated spiral artery ‘transformation’ are essential for the development of normal pregnancy. Small pilot studies of placental bed and basal plate tissues from miscarriages have suggested that impaired interstitial and endovascular trophoblast invasion may play a role in the pathogenesis of miscarriage. The hypothesis that early miscarriage is associated with reduced extravillous trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation was tested in a large series of placental bed biopsies containing decidua and myometrium and at least one spiral artery from early, karyotyped embryonic miscarriages (≤12 weeks' gestation; n = 50) dated from the last menstrual period and ultrasound scan dated normal pregnancies (n = 78). Frozen sections were immunostained to demonstrate trophoblast (cytokeratin), myometrium and spiral artery medial smooth muscle (desmin), and endothelium (von Willebrand factor). Trophoblast invasion and individual features of spiral artery transformation were assessed histologically in spiral arteries of miscarriages (n = 176) and controls (n = 246) and analysed statistically using a logistic regression model. Trophoblast invasion of uterine tissues and spiral artery transformation did not differ between euploid and aneuploid early miscarriage and also did not differ significantly from normal pregnancy. These findings suggest that failed trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation do not have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of early miscarriage. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dementia care: learning through drama
Authors: McKay Mo , Bright Sarah 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDuring 2001 a dementia care project was undertaken by Juliet Kelly, lecturer/practitioner with the Oxfordshire Practice Development Unit. The findings emphasized the need for better communication and an inter‐professional approach.As one way of meeting these recommendations the Practice Development Unit, in conjunction with the Oxford Deanery, arranged a county‐wide event in January 2003. The event brought together a wealth of experience and expertise in the field of dementia. Over the two days more than 100 people attended and contributed to the learning.What made this training different was that it was led by a theatrical communication company ‘CragRats’ who specialize in using drama as a vehicle for sharing and learning. A script was developed using the experience and expertise of Oxfordshire staff groups. During the day, scenes were acted out after which multidisciplinary groups were able to tease out and discuss the issues raised. The day proved to be very successful and well received. People said that they left with a better understanding of dementia and a new awareness of the support networks that exist. Many commented that they had gained increased awareness of the impact that dementia has on the family of the person with a dementia and of the importance of collaborative working. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Flexible working practice: celebrating a ‘can do’ approach
Authors: Ormerod Jane 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThere has been a major focus on the recruitment and retention of nursing and midwifery staff in the health service over the past five years in order to deliver and develop an effective service to meet changing health care needs (Scottish Executive Health Department, 2001). A number of initiatives have been used to tackle the problem, among them encouraging staff, primarily managers, to consider a variety of ways to recruit and retain employees more flexibly. In Scotland this has been approached nationally through the ‘Balancing Working Lives: Celebrating a “Can Do” Approach’, initiative steered by the Centre for Change and Innovation (Scottish Executive Health Department, 2003). This initiative involved a number of individual local projects that were supported by the centre and then publicized in a number of conference days in Scotland. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Uniting theory and practice in occupational therapy students' clinical examinations: a pilot study
Authors: Johansson Ann , Björklund Anita 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to develop and try out a format for occupational therapy students' clinical examinations in which theory and practice were integrated. Based on the course goals, a work procedure and assessment criteria for the clinical examination were developed. A pilot group of students and supervisors followed the new format for examination and a control group of students and supervisors followed the usual format. The results show that the students and supervisors in the pilot group were satisfied with the new examination format. The students highlighted the importance of reflection in connection with the examination and the opportunity for direct response. The supervisors pointed out the value of connection to theoretical education and stated that the examination increases the status of practical knowledge. However, the pilot study needs to be tried on a larger scale, within several fields of action, and more people need to be educated about assessment. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Proteome analysis of human monocytic THP‐1 cells primed with oxidized low‐density lipoproteins
Authors: Kang Jeong Han , Kim Hyun Tae , Choi Myung‐Sook , Lee Won Ha , Huh Tae‐Lin , Park Yong Bok , Moon Byung Jo , Kwon Oh‐Shin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNative low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) possess a wide variety of biological properties, and play a central role in atherogenesis. In this study, we used a proteomic analysis of human monocyte THP‐1 cells induced with oxLDL or with LDL, to identify proteins potentially involved in atherosclerotic processes. Of the 2500 proteins detected, 93 were differentially expressed as a result of priming with LDL or oxLDL. The proteins were unambiguously identified by comparing the masses of their tryptic peptides with those of all known proteins using MALDI–TOF MS and the NCBI database. The largest differences in expression were observed for vimentin (94‐fold increase), meningioma‐expressed antigen 6 (48‐fold increase), serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (40‐fold increase), and beta‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase (15‐fold increase). In contrast, the abundance of an unnamed protein product and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase decreased 30‐fold and 25‐fold, respectively. The expression of some selected proteins was confirmed by Western blot and RT‐PCR analyses. The proteins identified in this study are attractive candidates for further biomarker research. This description of the altered protein profiles induced by oxLDL in human monocytes will support functional studies of the macrophage‐derived foam cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Differentially expressed proteins in gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT and PDGFRA mutations
Authors: Kang Hyun Ju , Koh Kwi Hye , Yang Eungi , You Kwon Tae , Kim Hee Jin , Paik Young‐Ki , Kim Hoguen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMost gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) have activating mutations in either KIT or PDGFRA. However, a small subset of GIST lacks either mutation. To investigate the molecular characteristics of GIST according to mutation type, protein expression profiles in 12 GIST (2 cases with PDGFRA mutations, 8 cases with KIT mutations and 2 cases lacking either mutation) were analyzed using 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Comparative analysis of the respective spot patterns using 2‐DE showed that 15 proteins were differently expressed according to the mutation status. Expression levels of septin and heat shock protein (HSP) 27 were increased in GIST with KIT mutations and annexin V was overexpressed in GIST lacking either mutation. Among the 15 proteins, overexpression of 5 proteins [annexin V, high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), C13orf2, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 and fibrinogen beta chain] and decreased expression of RoXaN correlated with a higher tumor grade. These findings suggest that differential protein expression can be used as a diagnostic biomarker. Moreover, it may play a role in the development and progression of GIST according to activating mutation type, as these proteins have been shown to be involved in tumor metastasis, apoptosis and immune response.
4th HUPO Brain Proteome Project Workshop in Munich, Germany
Authors: Hamacher Michael , Stephan Christian , Palacios Bustamante Nadine , van Hall Andre , Marcus Katrin , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMore than 70 interested colleagues attended the 4th Workshop of HUPO's Brain Proteome Project. The project was presented within nine talks mainly focusing on two running pilot studies as well as on data re‐processing. A bioinformatics jamboree in Hinxton, UK, and the 5th Workshop taking place in Dublin next February were announced.
The HUPO Plasma Proteome Project: A report from the Munich congress
Authors: Omenn Gilbert S. , Paik Young‐Ki , Speicher David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Human Proteome Organization has several major collaborative research initiatives, including the Plasma Proteome Project. A major feature of the HUPO World Congress in Munich in August 2005 was the release of the special issue of PROTEOMICS with 28 articles from the pilot phase of the Plasma Proteome Project. An open Workshop and a presentation in the closing plenary session of the congress focused on next phases for the Plasma Proteome Project.