bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and school correlates of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in primary school children from the REACT project: A multivariate multilevel analysis
Authors: Pereira Sara , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Garbeloto Fernando , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Hedeker Donald , Barreira Tiago V. , Borges Renata , Garganta Rui , Santos Carla , Farias Cláudio , Stodden David F. , Tani Go , Maia José 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using a multivariate multilevel approach and investigates the links between individual and school‐related correlates with children's BMI and CRF.MethodsThis cross‐sectional sample included 1014 children (6–10 years) from 25 Portuguese primary schools. BMI was calculated, and CRF was assessed with the PACER test. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) included five object control tasks. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and sedentary time were assessed with the ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometer. Socioeconomic status (SES) and school variables were also obtained. A multivariate multilevel model was used, and alpha was set at 5%.ResultsBMI and CRF systematically increased with age. Most of the joint variance (94.4%) was explained at the child level, and BMI and CRF were correlated at this level (ρ = −.37). More active children demonstrated higher CRF levels and had lower BMI levels; sedentary and sleep time were not significantly associated with BMI or CRF. FMS were positively associated with CRF but were not significantly associated with BMI. Children at higher SES were more fit and had lower BMI than their peers of lower SES. Finally, school‐level variables were not significantly related to BMI and CRF.ConclusionBMI and CRF had a low but statistically significant negative correlation in this sample of children. Most of the variation in BMI and CRF was explained by child‐level characteristics.
Single‐Particle and Single‐Molecule Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes: A Multiscale Path toward Optimizing Heterogeneous Biocatalysts
Authors: Diamanti Eleftheria , López‐Gallego Fernando 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous biocatalysis is highly relevant in biotechnology as it offers several benefits and practical uses. To leverage the full potential of heterogeneous biocatalysts, the establishment of well‐crafted protocols, and a deeper comprehension of enzyme immobilization on solid substrates are essential. These endeavors seek to optimize immobilized biocatalysts, ensuring maximal enzyme performance within confined spaces. For this aim, multidimensional characterization of heterogeneous biocatalysts is required. In this context, spectroscopic and microscopic methodologies conducted at different space and temporal scales can inform about the intraparticle enzyme kinetics, the enzyme spatial distribution, and the mass transport issues. In this Minireview, we identify enzyme immobilization, enzyme catalysis, and enzyme inactivation as the three main processes for which advanced characterization tools unveil fundamental information. Recent advances in operando characterization of immobilized enzymes at the single‐particle (SP) and single‐molecule (SM) levels inform about their functional properties, unlocking the full potential of heterogeneous biocatalysis toward biotechnological applications.
Atomically Dispersed p‐Block Aluminum‐Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Lei , Dai Yunkun , Zhang Yunlong , Liu Bo , Guo Pan , Zhang Ziyu , Shen Lixiao , Zhang Nian , Zheng Yongping , Zhang Zhen , Wang Zhenbo , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe main group metals are commonly perceived as catalytically inert in the context of oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) due to the delocalized valence orbitals. Regulating the local environment and structure of metal center coordinated by nitrogen ligands (M‐Nx) is a promising approach to accelerate catalytic dynamics. Herein, we, for the first time, report the atomically dispersed Al catalysts coordinated with N and C atoms for 4‐electron ORR. The axial coordinated pyrrolyl N group (No) is constructed in the Al‐N4‐No moiety to regulate the p‐band structure of Al center, effectively steering the local environment and structure of the square planar Al‐N4 sites, which typically exhibit too strong interaction with ORR intermediates. The dynamic covalency competition of axial Al‐No and Al‐O bonding could endow the Al center with moderate hybridization between Al 3p orbital and O 2p orbital, alleviating the binding energy of ORR intermediates. The as‐prepared Al‐N4‐No electrocatalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity, selectivity, and durability, along with the rapid kinetics as demonstrated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. This work offers a fundamental comprehension of the fine regulation on p‐band and guides the rational design of main‐group metal‐based single atom catalysts.
A Highly‐Fluorinated Lithium Borate Main Salt Empowering Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Guansheng , Qiao Lixin , Xu Gaojie , Li Longshan , Li Jiedong , Li Lin , Liu Xiaochen , Cui Zili , Zhang Shenghang , Cheng Shaokai , Han Changxing , Wang Shitao , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTraditional lithium salts are difficult to meet practical application demand of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) under high voltages and temperatures. LiPF6, as the most commonly used lithium salt, still suffers from notorious moisture sensitivity and inferior thermal stability under those conditions. Here, we synthesize a lithium salt of lithium perfluoropinacolatoborate (LiFPB) comprising highly‐fluorinated and borate functional groups to address the above issues. It is demonstrated that the LiFPB shows superior thermal and electrochemical stability without any HF generation under high temperatures and voltages. In addition, the LiFPB can form a protective outer‐organic and inner‐inorganic rich cathode electrolyte interphase on LiCoO2 (LCO) surface. Simultaneously, the FPB− anions tend to integrate into lithium ion solvation structure to form a favorable fast‐ion conductive LiBxOy based solid electrolyte interphase on lithium (Li) anode. All these fantastic features of LiFPB endow LCO (1.9 mAh cm−2)/Li metal cells excellent cycling under both high voltages and temperatures (e.g., 80 % capacity retention after 260 cycles at 60 °C and 4.45 V), and even at an extremely elevated temperature of 100 °C. This work emphasizes the important role of salt anions in determining the electrochemical performance of LMBs at both high temperature and voltage conditions.
Study on preparation and properties of polyacrylonitrile/jute microcrystalline cellulose ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Zhenguo , Li Meng , Zhang Chengqian , Liang Zhengyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) is widely used in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes. However, the hydrophilicity, thermal, and mechanical properties of the PAN ultrafiltration membrane are poor, limiting the applications in water treatment technology. In this study, the hydrophilic jute microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is utilized as the modifier for the PAN membrane aiming to develop the ultrafiltration membrane with improved performance. The PAN/jute MCC ultrafiltration membranes with varying jute MCC contents are prepared using the phase inversion method and their structure and properties are systematically characterized. The results demonstrate that the hydrophilicity and thermal stability of the PAN membrane are enhanced. Under optimal conditions, compared with pure PAN membrane, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the membrane increase by 22.64% and 9.84%, respectively, and the water flux can reach 88 L/(m2 h), with the bovine serum albumin rejection ratio of 85%. The above results support that jute MCC can improve the performance of the PAN membrane significantly.
New type of tri‐pyridyl inhibitor‐loaded polyaniline nanospheres for durable protection anticorrosion coatings
Authors: Bao Bingtao , Wu Jianhua , Liu Hao , Xue Mingjin , He Jianmin , Ren Hanzhong , Xu Yiting , Zeng Birong , Luo Weiang , Dai Lizong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is considered as one of the most promising corrosion inhibitors because of its unique redox and environmental stability. Pyridine and its derivatives can chelate metal ions during corrosion, forming an inert protective layer on the metal surface to achieve the anticorrosion effect. Therefore, polyaniline is combined with pyridine together to achieve deep anticorrosion in this work. 4‐((2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridin)‐4′‐yl)aniline (TPY) and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC) were applied to synthesize a novel corrosion inhibitor N1, N3, N5‐tri (4‐((2,2′: 6′, 2′‐tri‐pyridine)‐4′‐yl) phenyl) benzene‐1,3,5‐tri‐formamide (TBT). Then, TBT was in situ loaded onto the PANI surface to obtain the composite TPANI. The TPANI was successfully dispersed in epoxy resin (EP) at various dosages to prepare composite coatings. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt fog tests were employed to evaluate the performance of the coatings. After experimentation, we discovered that when the TPANI content was 0.25 wt%, the impedance value remained stable at 5.83 × 109 Ω cm2 after immersing the coatings in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 28 days. In contrast, the EP coating exhibited a resistance decrease ranging from 9.56 × 109 to 7.8 × 108 Ω cm2 within the same soaking time, decreasing by an order of magnitude, while the TPANI‐0.25% coating still maintaining a high order of magnitude. These results indicated that the TPANI filler effectively preserved long‐term stability and provided persistent protection against corrosion. The protective mechanism of TPANI composite coatings was further elucidated through detailed analysis. Overall, the incorporation of TPANI into the epoxy resin yielded promising results, demonstrating its potential as an effective corrosion inhibitor for protective coatings.
Clinical value of endoscopic ultrasound sound speed in differential diagnosis of pancreatic solid lesion and prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Qiu Jianing , Li Kangrong , Long Xiuyan , Yu Xiaoyu , Gong Pan , Long Yu , Wang Xiaoyan , Tian Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferential diagnosis of pancreatic solid lesion (PSL) and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is a clinical challenge. We aimed to explore the differential diagnostic value of sound speed (SS) obtained from endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in PSL and the prognostic value of SS in PC.MethodsPatients with PSL in The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2019 to October 2019 were prospectively enrolled, who obtained SS from PSL. Patients were divided into the PC group and the pancreatic benign lesion (PBL) group. SS1 is the SS of lesions and SS2 is the SS of normal tissues adjacent to lesions. Ratio1 is equal to SS1 divided by SS2 of PSL (ratio1 = SS1/SS2).ResultsEighty patients were enrolled (24 PBL patients, 56 PC patients). SS1 and ratio1 in PC group were higher compared with PBL group (SS1:1568.00 vs. 1550.00, Z = −2.066, p = 0.039; ratio1: 1.0110 vs. 1.0051, Z = −3.391, p = 0.001). The SS1 in PC (Z = −6.503, p < 0.001) was higher compared to SS2. In the nonsurgical group of PC, low ratio1 predicted high overall survival (OS) (7.000 months vs. 4.000 months; p = 0.039). In the surgical group of PC, low SS1 was associated with low median OS (4.000 months vs. 12.000 months; p = 0.033).ConclusionsSS plays a vital role in distinguishing between PBL and PC. Higher SS1 and ratio1 obtained by EUS are more related to PC than PBL. In PC patients, high SS1 may predict pancreatic lesions. In the nonsurgical group of PC, low ratio1 may predict high OS. However, in the surgical group of PC, low SS1 may predict low OS.
Glycemic traits and colorectal cancer survival in a cohort of South Korean patients: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Jun So Yon , Cho Sooyoung , Kim Min Jung , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Jeong Seung Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Shin Aesun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical diabetic traits have been reported to be associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in observational studies. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method, we examined the causal association between glycemic traits, such as fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and survival in a cohort of CRC patients.MethodsWe conducted a two‐sample MR analysis among a cohort of patients with locally advanced CRC at Seoul National University Hospital. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated (p < 5 × 10−8) with the three glycemic traits were obtained from the Meta‐Analyses of Glucose and Insulin‐related traits Consortium, Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network, and Korea Biobank Array. Three‐year and 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were used as outcomes. Survival analysis was conducted using subgroup analysis by cancer stage and subsite in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and sex to examine whether glycemic traits affected survival.ResultsA total of 509 patients were included in our final analysis. MR analysis showed that HbA1c levels were associated with poor 3‐year OS (β = 4.20, p = 0.02). Sensitivity analyses did not show evidence of any violations of the MR assumptions. In the cancer subgroup analysis of the Cox proportional hazards model, pooled hazard ratios for FG were significantly associated with poor 3‐year OS and PFS regardless of cancer stage. FI was not significantly associated with any 3‐year survival endpoints. Among Stage III patients, three glycemic traits were significantly associated with both 5‐year OS and PFS. Location‐specific subgroup analysis showed a significant association between three glycemic traits and 5‐year PFS in patients with left‐sided colon cancer. FG was associated with poor 3‐year survival for colon cancer but not rectal cancer.ConclusionsOur results suggest that FG and HbA1c could be used to predict prognosis in CRC patients. Lifestyle and/or pharmacological interventions targeting glycemic traits could help improve survival for CRC patients.
Identified PAH V230A and PAH V230I mutations in a family with diverse clinical presentations
Authors: Khaghani Faeze , Eshraghi Peyman , Hamzehloei Tayebeh 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessagePhenylketonuria (PKU) is a hereditary disorder caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (PAH) defects that might cause severe brain damage. The current main treatment, dietary management, can prevent the symptoms if commenced early. However, it has side effects if used for a long time. Additionally, some patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia (mHPA), who has serum phenylalanine levels <360 μmol/L, do not require treatment. Since the correlation between genotype and metabolic phenotype has been demonstrated earlier, genotype‐based detection of patients who do not need treatment might help with genetic counseling and choosing the most appropriate treatment option. In this study, we report an asymptomatic adult with mHPA who had never taken any medical intervention to control or lower her serum phenylalanine level (Phe). She had 179 μmol/L serum phenylalanine level and carried p.[V230A];[V230I] genotype. Her child was affected with phenylketonuria and had p.[V230A];[V230A] genotype. Both pathogenic variants detected in the asymptomatic adult with mHPA were computationally analyzed to assess their pathogenicity and the p.V230I pathogenic variant was demonstrated to be responsible for the mHPA phenotype in the asymptomatic adult detected in this study. The findings in this study could contribute to genetic counseling and treatment for families and individuals with p.[V2030I];[V230A] genotype.
Composition and Conformation of Hetero‐ versus Homo‐Fluorinated Triazolamers Influence their Activity on Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation
Authors: Laxio Arenas José , Lesma Jacopo , Ha‐Duong Tap , Ranjan Sahoo Bikash , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy , Tonali Nicolo , Soulier Jean‐Louis , Halgand Frédéric , Giraud François , Crousse Benoît , Kaffy Julia , Ongeri Sandrine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNovel fluorinated foldamers based on aminomethyl‐1,4‐triazolyl‐difluoroacetic acid (1,4‐Tz−CF2) units were synthesized and their conformational behaviour was studied by NMR and molecular dynamics. Their activity on the aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) amyloid protein was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The fluorine labelling of these foldamers allowed the analysis of their interaction with the target protein. We demonstrated that the preferred extended conformation of homotriazolamers of 1,4‐Tz−CF2 unit increases the aggregation of hIAPP, while the hairpin‐like conformation of more flexible heterotriazolamers containing two 1,4‐Tz−CF2 units mixed with natural amino acids from the hIAPP sequence reduces it, and more efficiently than the parent natural peptide. The longer heterotriazolamers having three 1,4‐Tz−CF2 units adopting more folded hairpin‐like and ladder‐like structures similar to short multi‐stranded β‐sheets have no effect. This work demonstrates that a good balance between the structuring and flexibility of these foldamers is necessary to allow efficient interaction with the target protein.
Comparative Bioequivalence and Food Effect of Two Formulations of 30‐mg Nifedipine Controlled‐Release Tablets in Healthy Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhang Huizi , Wang Siyang , Wang Hongxia , Zhi Tingting , Ren Jian , Wang Yanhui , Yao Zhiqing , Zhang Pan , Ye Naobei , Zhang Ruiqin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNifedipine is a potent antihypertensive medication classified as a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. The objective of this trial was to assess the bioequivalence of a 30‐mg nifedipine controlled‐release tablet and a reference drug in a cohort of healthy Chinese individuals. Two independent open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, crossover studies were conducted, 1 under fasting conditions (N = 44, with 1 participant dropping out midway) and the other under fed conditions (N = 44, with 4 participants dropping out midway). Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were determined using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis with Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 software. In both fasting and fed studies, reasonable bioequivalence was observed for the PK parameters of both the test product and the reference drug. A good safety profile was demonstrated for both the test product and reference drug, with no serious adverse events reported, and both were similarly well tolerated. An important observation with food coadministration was that systemic exposure to nifedipine (based on area under the curve, AUC0‐∞) was reduced by approximately 12%. The bioequivalence of the test product and reference drug under fasting/fed conditions in healthy subjects in China was demonstrated by the study results.
Photocatalyzed Oxidative Tandem Reaction Mediated by Bipyridinium for Multifunctional Derivatization of Alcohols
Authors: Yao Xin‐Rong , Jia Meng‐Ze , Miao Xiao‐Li , Yu Shi‐Kai , Chen Yun‐Rui , Pan Jia‐Qi , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe multifunctional derivatization of alcohols has been achieved by the bipyridinium‐based conjugated small molecule photocatalysts with redox center and Lewis acid site. Besides exhibiting high activity in the selective generation of aldehydes/ketones, acids from alcohols through solvent modulation, this system renders the first selective synthesis of esters via an attractive cross‐coupling pattern, whose reaction route is significantly different from the traditional condensation of alcohols and acids or esterification from hemiacetals. Following the oxidization of alcohol to aldehyde via bipyridinium‐mediated electron and energy transfer, the Lewis acid site of bipyridinium then activates the aldehyde and methanol to obtain the acetal, which further reacts with methanol to generate ester. This method not only demonstrates a clear advantage of bipyridinium in diverse catalytic activities, but also paves the way for designing efficient multifunctional small molecule photocatalysts. This metal‐ and additive‐free photocatalytic esterification reaction marks a significant advancement towards a more environmentally friendly, cost‐effective and green sustainable approach, attributed to the utilization of renewable substrate alcohol and the abundant, low‐cost air as the oxidant. The mildness of this esterification reaction condition provides a more suitable alternative for large‐scale industrial production of esters.
Enhanced Carbon‐Carbon Coupling at Interfaces with Abrupt Coordination Number Changes
Authors: Wang Xuan , Lu Ruihu , Pan Binbin , Yang Chao , Zhuansun Mengjiao , Li Jun , Xu Yi , Hung Sung‐Fu , Zheng Gengfeng , Li Yanguang , Wang Ziyun , Wang Yuhang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCu‐catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) produces multi‐carbon (C2+) chemicals with considerable selectivities and activities, yet required high overpotentials impede its practical application. Here, we design interfaces with abrupt coordination number (CN) changes that greatly reduce the applied potential for achieving high C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE). Encouraged by the mechanistic finding that the coupling between *CO and *CO(H) is the most probable C−C bond formation path, we use Cu2O‐ and Cu‐phthalocyanine‐derived Cu (OD−Cu and PD−Cu) to build the interface. Using operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we find that the Cu CN of OD−Cu is ~11, favoring CO* adsorption, while the PD−Cu has a COH*‐favorable CN of ~4. Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed that the interfaces with abrupt CN changes promote *OCCOH formation. As a result, the designed catalyst achieves a C2+ FE of 85±2 % at 220 mA cm−2 in a zero‐gap CO2 electrolyzer. An improvement of C2+ FE by 3 times is confirmed at the low potential regime where the current density is 60–140 mA cm−2, compared to bare OD−Cu. We report a 45‐h stable CO2RR operation at 220 mA cm−2, producing a C2+ product FE of ~80 %.
Spatial‐Doppler domain precoding for orthogonal time frequency space modulation with rake detector
Authors: Liu Heng , Yang Siyuan , Liu Xin , Liu Gang , Ma Zheng , Fan Pingzhi 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) transmission scheme was shown to outperform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) under the doubly dispersive channel. In this paper, the linear precoding is studied for multiple‐input and multiple‐out (MIMO) OTFS systems, in which a spatial‐Doppler domain singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding scheme is proposed. At the transmitter, the Doppler domain symbols from different spatial streams are precoded before projected onto multiple antennas for transmission. At the receiver, multipath components of the transmitted symbols in the delay‐Doppler grid are combined by using maximal ratio combining (MRC) strategy, so as to achieve the multipath diversity gain and increase the reception reliability. The achievable rate and complexity of the proposed scheme are analyzed, revealing that it can increase the achievable rate while reducing the detector complexity as well. The simulation results confirm that the SVD‐based precoding significantly enhances the error performance of the MIMO‐OTFS with MRC‐based detector.