bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural parvovirus infection in laboratory rabbits
Authors: Metcalf John B. , Lederman Muriel , Stout Ernest R. , Bates Robert C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Laboratory rabbits from various commercial and private sources were found to have high serum antibody titers specific for lapine parvovirus (lpv). By both immunofluorescence and hemagglutination inhibition assays, 75% of these sera were positive for lpv. This finding, together with the recovery of lpv from kidneys of neonatal rabbits, suggested that lpv infection is common in commercially available rabbits in the United States. It was concluded that use of infected rabbits could interfere with research in which rabbit cell cultures or in vitro immunologic assays are used.
Antigenic relationships among field isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus from cattle
Authors: Huang Juch-Chin , Hanks Donald , Kvasnicka William , Hanks Maynard , Hall Mark R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Analysis of protein and antigen profiles of Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from cattle from 5 western states was accomplished by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and fluorography techniques. Total protein profiles of all isolates were compared by Coomassie brilliant blue staining of T foetus protein samples prepared by 4 protein-extraction methods. Antigenic tritrichomonas proteins were identified by immunoblot assay with polyclonal bovine or rabbit anti-T foetus serum. Additionally, [14C]glucosamine-labeled T foetus was used for total and antigenic glycoprotein analyses. Detectable differences in the composition of total proteins or antigenic tritrichomonal proteins were not observed among all isolates. However, intensity differences in some antigenic protein bands were apparent. Bovine and rabbit sera from immunized animals possessed antibodies to the same antigenic tritrichomonal proteins. Each T foetus isolate contained 4 to 7 molecular weight size classes of glycoprotein, which were labeled by [14C]glucosamine; however, only 3 to 4 glycoproteins were identified as antigens by bovine or rabbit antiserum.
Antibodies to bovine serum albumin in swine sera: Implications for false-positive reactions in the serodiagnosis of African swine fever
Authors: Escribano J. M. , Pastor M. J. , Sánchez-Vizcaíno J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antibodies to bovine serum albumin were detected in swine sera by use of an immunoblotting technique. Such sera had false-positive reactions, as determined by results of African swine fever virus serodiagnostic techniques when bovine serum albumin was a contaminant in the soluble cytoplasmic antigen obtained from infected cells cultured in the presence of bovine serum.
The soluble cytoplasmic antigen obtained from cell cultures infected with African swine fever virus in the presence of porcine serum did not react with the false-positive sera and, therefore, was used for African swine fever virus serodiagnostic methods, with 0% false-positive results.
Prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in plasma and lung lavage fluids during sequential infection of vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Gershwin L. J. , Giri S. N. , Stewart R. S. , Chen J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The potential action of immunologic reactions and mediators released during the course of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in pathogenesis of the ensuing disease process was examined in an experimental infection study. Prostaglandin (pg) E2, pgf2α, 6-keto-pgflα, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentrations were quantitated in plasma and lung lavage fluid by radioimmunoassay at 3- to 4-day intervals during a primary and secondary virus infection of vaccinated, nonvaccinated, and control (mock-infected) calves. A significant increase in the plasma pge2 concentration for the nonvaccinated calves was noticed on day 3 after primary infection and on day 7 after secondary infection. The pgf2α plasma concentrations increased significantly for the nonvaccinated groups on day 10 after primary infection. Plasma 6-keto-pgfla concentrations increased for nonvaccinated and vaccinated calves 3 days after the secondary infection. Plasma txb2 concentrations during the primary exposure did not vary significantly. However, 14 days after the secondary exposure, both experimental groups had concentrations significantly greater than did the control group. Lung lavage fluid concentrations of TxBz had peaks of activity 7 days after primary and secondary viral infections for the nonvaccinated group. Increases in plasma PG concentrations corresponded variably with disease expression, whereas plasma TxB2 concentrations did not have any correlation with disease expression. However, there was a significant correlation between TxB2 concentration in lung lavage fluid of the nonvaccinated group with disease expression 7 days after primary and secondary virus infection. The potent physiologic effects of PG and TxB2 and their demonstrated production in this infection study suggest that these mediators and the effects of vaccination on their production should be considered as a potentially important factor in the natural disease process.
Long-term complete chimerism and stable hematopoiesis in Beagles after fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Cain G. R. , Champlin R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Karyotype analysis of bone marrow cells was performed from 6 Beagles that had received sex-mismatched fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell grafts 2.4 to 6.5 years earlier. Two dogs received dog leukocyte antigen-matched fetal liver cells and 4 received dog leukocyte antigen-mismatched cells. In each dog, all 25 evaluated metaphase spreads were of donor genotype. All dogs had normal hemograms and repopulation of bone marrow and no dog developed graft-vs-host disease.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolic inertness of doxycycline in calves with mature or immature rumen function
Authors: Riond Jean-Luc , Tyczkowska Krystyna , Riviere J. Edmond 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetic determinants of doxycycline were calculated after a single iv administration of the drug (20 mg/kg of body weight) in 5 Angus calves with mature rumen function and 4 Holstein calves with immature rumen function. Doxycycline disposition was best described by means of an open 2-compartment model. Median elimination half-life was 14.17 hours (Angus) and 9.84 hours (Holstein). Mean (± SEM) total body clearance was 1.07 (± 0.06) and 2.20 (± 0.21) ml/min/kg in Angus and Holstein calves, respectively. Mean extent of doxycycline binding to serum proteins was 92.3% (± 0.8%). The large steady-state volume of distribution (1.31 ± 0.11 L/kg in Angus and 1.81 ± 0.24 L/kg in Holstein calves), despite the small free fraction in serum, suggested a relatively unrestricted access of drug into the intracellular compartment and/or appreciable tissue binding. Results of mass spectrometric analysis of serum and urine from calves administered doxycycline iv revealed absence of biotransformation, because only parent drug could be detected. Thus, doxycycline may be a valuable antibiotic for use in food animals pending further studies on tissue residues, safety, and efficacy.
Detection of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in salivary glands of three Dermacentor spp infected as nymphs or adults
Authors: Stiller David , Kocan Katherine M. , Edwards Wanda , Swing S. A. , Hair Jakie A. , Barron Selwyn J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Salivary glands from males of 3 Dermacentor species (D andersoni, D variabilis and D occidentalis) that were infected with either the Virginia or Idaho isolate of Ana-plasma marginale as nymphs or adults were examined for colonies of A marginale by use of light and electron microscopy. Prior to dissection of salivary glands, exposed ticks were held at 25 C for 15 to 18 days, followed by a 3-day incubation at 37 C. Ticks of 2 species transmitted A marginale to calves; the third tick species was confirmed infected by demonstration of typical colonies in tick gut cells, but transmission was not attempted; Colonies of A marginale were seen with light microscopy in salivary glands of all 3 species of ticks; they were located in acinar cells that contained simple granules. Colonies varied morphologically from small, compact ones to larger structures that contained distinct organisms and often were adjacent to the host cell nucleus. Electron microscopy confirmed that the colonies were rickettsial organisms. Morphologic features of A marginale varied and included reticulated forms, forms with electron-dense centers, and small particles; these various forms were similar to those described previously in midgut epithelial cells of ticks. We believe that the organism seen within tick salivary glands may replicate in the glands before its transmission to the vertebrate host.
Influence of cage size on heart rate and behavior in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Line Scott W. , Morgan Kathleen N. , Markowitz Hal , Strong Sharon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We studied 6 singly caged adult female rhesus monkeys to determine whether increased cage size had any effect on behavior or heart rate. Two monkeys at a time were placed in cages 40% larger than their standard cage for 1 week on 2 occasions, using a counter-balanced design. Direct behavioral observations were performed 75 minutes/week on each monkey. Heart rate and general activity were monitored 35 hours/week by a telemetry system. Statistically significant differences were not found in aggressive, submissive, abnormal, or self-abusive behavior, nor in time spent in the front half of the cage, duration of grooming, looking at the observer, or stereotyped or nonstereotyped locomotion. Vocalizations increased the first time in the larger cage, but not the second, and decreased upon the second return to the standard cage. Differences with respect to cage size were not found in heart rate or activity level, although there were significant variations at different times of day. We conclude that modest increases in cage size are unlikely to enrich the environment of singly caged laboratory primates.
Effect of incorporation of serum from dogs with renal impairment on canine erythroid bone marrow cultures
Authors: Petrites-Murphy M. B. , Pierce Kenneth R. , Fisher James W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum from dogs with surgically induced renal impairment was incorporated into the medium for erythroid bone marrow cultures. A significant correlation was found between serum activities of erythropoietin and numbers of erythroid colony-forming units grown in culture. Serum creatinine concentrations had no correlation, and serum parathyroid hormone activities had a negative correlation with numbers of erythroid colony-forming units that was below the level of significance. Purified 1-84 parathyroid hormone added to bone marrow cultures was found to be stimulatory to erythroid colony-forming unit growth in higher concentrations, but decreased the number of burst-forming units. Unmeasured substances in the canine serum appeared to have a greater effect on the canine erythroid bone marrow cultures than did creatinine or parathyroid hormone values.
Comparison of arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine in heartworm-infected and noninfected dogs
Authors: Venugopalan C. S. , Holmes E. , O'Malley N. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ade) was determined in heartworm-infected and noninfected (control) dogs during thiamylal-induced and halothane-maintained anesthesia to assess the myocardial sensitization. The ade in heartworm-infected dogs (2.42 ± 0.26 μg/kg of body weight) was significantly lower than that for the controls (3.36 ± 0.29 μg/kg). After 2 weeks, ade was determined again in these dogs after atropine treatment. Atropine treatment lowered the ade to 1.76 ± 0.33 μg/kg and 1.77 ± 0.19 μg/kg in heartworm-positive and -negative dogs, respectively. After 2 weeks more, the ade was determined after administration of prazosin, an α1 antagonist. Only 2 of 6 controls and 3 of 6 heartworm positive dogs had arrhythmias after a threefold increase of ade. The mean ade in the dogs that responded to treatment were 7.4 μg/kg and 7.2 μg/kg for heartworm-positive and -negative dogs, respectively. The finding of this study indicated that ade in heartworm-infected dogs were lower than those in the control dogs, which makes the heartworm-infected dogs more vulnerable to arrhythmia during anesthesia. Atropine did not protect the dogs of either group. However, prazosin protected the dogs of both groups by significantly increasing the threshold of the ade. On the basis of our findings, to reduce the risk of arrhythmia, we suggest that routine screening of dogs for heartworm infection be done before anesthetics are used.
Brucella abortus-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in serum and vaginal mucus from heifers vaccinated with Brucella abortus salt-extractable proteins and challenge exposed with virulent Brucella organisms
Authors: Hall Stephen M. , Confer Anthony W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum and vaginal Brucella-specific immunoglobulin isotypes (IgGl, IgG2, IgM, and IgA), obtained from 62 crossbred beef heifers vaccinated with Brucella abortus salt-extractable proteins and subsequently challenge exposed with B abortus S2308, were studied. Brucella-specific IgG antibodies and Brucella-specific immunoglobulin isotypes were quantitated by a fluorometric immunoassay. Serum and vaginal immunoglobulin responses were evaluated as a method of distinguishing infected from noninfected heifers. Rivanol precipitation, complement-fixation, buffered-antigen brucellosis tests and an elisa were performed on sera.
For immunoglobulin isotypes, vaccinated heifers had mean antibody responses higher than baseline mean antibody responses for at least 31 weeks after vaccination. After challenge exposure, significant differences (P > 0.05) were not detected between mean antibody responses of vaccinated and nonvaccinated heifers.
Vaginal Brucella-specific antibody responses did not correlate with protection from disease. Vaginal Brucella-specific IgM was detected only at the time of abortion. Vaginal IgA appeared specific for identification of virulent B abortus infection.
All serotests appeared adequate in distinguishing baseline titers from titers of heifers that had aborted and were considered bacteriologic culture-positive. Results of serotests neither consistently distinguished vaccinates from challenge-exposed cattle nor distinguished heifers that were challenge exposed, had aborted, and were considered bacteriologic culture-positive adequately from heifers that were challenge-exposed, had not aborted, and were considered bacteriologic culture-negative. Brucella-specific IgA appeared to be the most effective in distinguishing vaccinated heifers from challenge-exposed heifers and heifers that were challenge-exposed and had aborted, from heifers that were challenge exposed and had not aborted. Brucella-specific serum IgA was detected up to 13 weeks after abortion.
Endobronchial inoculation of various doses of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae in pigs
Authors: van Leengoed Leo A. M. G. , Kamp Elbarte M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve-week-old specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated deep in the bronchi with Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae strain 13261 in doses ranging 8 × 101 to 9 × 107 colony-forming units (cfu). Pigs that survived infection were euthanatized and examined 48 hours after inoculation. The relationship between dose and severity of disease was evaluated clinically and the weight of pneumonic lesions was compared. The relationship between infection dose and weight of pneumonic lesions proved to be unimodal and not linear. Inoculation of 104 cfu of strain 13261 resulted in severe pneumonic lesions and mortality of 29%. In contrast, death was not observed after inoculation with 106 cfu of strain 13261 and pneumonic lesions were less severe (P < 0.05). An infective dose of 103 cfu induced pneumonic lesions that tended (not statistically significant) to be less severe than those induced by a dose of 104 cfu.
The peak fever response in all infected pigs was observed from 6 to 12 hours after inoculation. Leukocytosis developed within 12 hours after inoculation, because of an increase of neutrophilic granulocytes. Thereafter, wbc count decreased owing to lymphopenia. Serum iron concentration decreased 80% after inoculation, and zinc concentration decreased 54%.
Relationship between dietary protein concentration and serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in dogs
Authors: Carro Teresita , Williams David A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum trypsinogen concentration was studied in 6 adult mixed-breed dogs randomly fed diets containing 6.8, 31.4, or 39.7% protein (dry weight) for 3 weeks each. Blood was collected on days 20, 21, and 22 of each feeding period, and serum trypsinogen concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay of trypsin-like immunoreactivity (tli). Mean serum tli concentrations for each dog fed each diet were compared. A significant (P < 0.05) positive linear relationship (P < 0.02) was determined between serum tli concentrations and the percentage of dietary protein. Mean serum tli concentrations for each dog fed all diets ranged from 5.7 to 20.2 μg/L.
Commercially available recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone effectively stimulates total and free thyroxine concentrations in Quaker parrots (Myopsittamyopsitta monachus), including at low doses and after freezing
Authors: Thielen Lauren E. , Hoppes Sharman , Di Girolamo Nicola 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To develop a protocol for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation testing in psittacine birds using a thyrotropin alfa (Thyrogen; Sanofi).

Methods
Quaker parrots (Myopsitta monachus) were randomized to receive an IM injection of freshly reconstituted high-dose recombinant human TSH (rhTSH; 8 parrots), frozen high-dose rhTSH (8), frozen low-dose rhTSH (8), or saline (8). Total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), T3, and TSH were measured pre- and 4 hours postinjection.

Results
TSH stimulation testing was completed in 31 of the 32 birds. Thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement confirmed proper administration of rhTSH. Median TT4 at baseline in the population was 0.14 μg/dL (range, 0.03 to 0.33 µg/dL). Poststimulation, the median TT4 in rhTSH-treated parrots was 1.31 µg/dL (0.29 to 1.98 µg/dL) versus 0.09 µg/dL (0.04 to 0.14 µg/dL) in control parrots. All parrots administered rhTSH had an increase in TT4 (minimum, 3.5-fold) and FT4 (minimum, 2.2-fold) from baseline but not in T3. Parrots administered saline had no increase in TT4, FT4, or T3. Postinjection concentrations of TT4, but not of FT4 or T3, showed no overlap between controls and rhTSH-treated parrots.

Conclusions
TSH stimulation testing performed with fresh and frozen rhTSH for 3 months is feasible and safe and results in a significant increase in TT4 in Quaker parrots. Total T4 should be the preferred outcome measure for TSH stimulation testing in parrots.

Clinical Relevance
Thyrogen can be used at doses as low as 0.01 mL (73 µg/kg) for TSH stimulation tests in Quaker parrots and can be frozen in aliquots to perform more tests per vial.
Degenerative Myelopathy in a Cat
Authors: Mesfin G. M. , Kusewitt D. , Parker A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Degenerative myelopathy was diagnosed in a 6-year-old cat that had progressive ataxia, posterior paresis, and loss of conscious proprioception over a period of 8 months. Corticosteroid therapy did not alleviate clinical signs, and the cat was euthanatized. Microscopic examination of the spinal cord revealed diffuse degeneration of myelin attended by marked astrocytosis. The degenerative changes were most marked in the thoracolumbar segment. The cause of the degenerative lesions was not apparent.
Strongyloides stercoralis-like Infection in a Dog
Authors: Malone J. B. , Breitschwerdt E. B. , Little M. D. , Ochoa R. , Wolf K. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Helminths similar to Strongyloides stercoralis were recovered from the jejunum and ileum of a 6-month-old Boston Terrier that was shedding unusually large eggs, both unembryonated and embryonated, as well as first-stage larvae in fresh feces. Clinical signs included stunting, mucoid and blood-flecked feces, radiographic evidence of diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrate, focal dermatitis, and anemia. Decreased intestinal absorption of carbohydrate was found by means of the oral glucose and oral lactose tolerance tests. Serum protein and calcium values were decreased. At necropsy, histopathologic findings included uneven crypt hyperplasia and mild inflammation in the ileum and jejunum, diffuse interstitial pulmonary inflammation, Kupffer's cell hyperplasia in the liver, and generalized lymph node hyperplasia.
A Technique for Management of Traumatic Rupture of the Equine Suspensory Apparatus
Authors: Wheat J. D. , Pascoe John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Problems involving the management of acute traumatic rupture of the equine suspensory apparatus include loss of blood flow to the foot, proper immobilization, and pressure sores from casts. A technique utilizing a board splinting device attached to the affected limb at the toe and subsequent corrective shoe support provides immobilization, prevents dropping of the fetlock, can be applied to the standing animal, and allows frequent changing of the bandages, if necessary.
Hyperthermia for Treatment of Ocular Squamous Cell Tumors in Cattle
Authors: Kainer Robert A. , Stringer John M. , Lueker David C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-six benign ocular squamous cell tumors and 20 squamous cell carcinomas were subjected to hyperthermia (50 C for 30 sec/cm2 of tumor surface) created by radio-frequency current from an electrothermal device. Of the 76 tumors, 60 (49 benign and 11 malignant) regressed completely following a single treatment. Among the remaining 16 tumors, 7 benign tumors and 2 squamous cell carcinomas regressed completely following a second treatment, whereas 5 carcinomas regressed partially and 2 carcinomas failed to respond after the second treatment. Thus, 90.8% of the tumors regressed completely, and all of these sites were free of visible lesions 5½ months after the initial treatment. Of 69 sites that were tumor-free at 5½ months, 42 were available for observation at 1 year; all 42 sites were free of tumor. Squamous cell tumors developed subsequently at other ocular or adnexal sites in 27% of the treated cattle.
Multifocal Ocular Histoplasmosis in a Dog and Cat
Authors: Gwin Robert M. , Makley Torrence A. , Wyman Milton , Werling Kathryn 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In two cases of naturally occurring disseminated histoplasmosis, multifocal inflammatory lesions were seen in the posterior segment of the eyes. Histologic examination of both animals revealed lesions of active choroiditis (cat) and retinitis (dog) in association with numerous Histoplasma capsulatum.
Transfixation Pinning of Proximal Tibial Fractures in Calves
Authors: Hamilton G. F. , Tulleners E. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tibial fractures in three newborn beef calves were reduced and stabilized by transfixation pinning. Return to normal function was rapid in two calves. One calf acquired septic arthritis of the stifle and was later euthanatized; however, the fracture had healed. Good radiographic and clinical evidence of stability was evident in 4 to 6 weeks, at which time the pins were removed.
Premature Closure of the Distal Radial Physis in Two Dogs
Authors: Olson Neil C. , Brinker Wade O. , Carrig Colin B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Premature closure of the distal radial physis was diagnosed in two dogs. In one dog, the premature closure was symmetric; in the other, it was asymmetric. Lameness, elbow subluxation, distended elbow joint capsule, forelimb muscle atrophy, and a shortened radius and ulna had developed in each dog. Carpal valgus and outward rotation of the paw had developed in the dog with asymmetric closure. Surgical treatment resulted in marked improvement of forelimb function in both dogs.