bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Work Contexts and Resistance to Organisational Change: The Role of Leader–Member Exchange, Development Climate, and Change Process Characteristics
Authors: Van Dam Karen , Oreg Shaul , Schyns Birgit 
Published: November 2007

In the last decade, researchers have started to investigate the psychological processes that are involved in employees’ experiences of organisational change. The present study examined how characteristics of the daily work context related to employees’ resistance to change through aspects of the change process. The results supported the research model, showing that the relationships of leader–member exchange and perceived development climate with employees’ resistance to a merger were fully mediated by three change process characteristics (i.e. information, participation, and trust in management). In addition, two individual‐level characteristics (i.e. openness to job changes, and organisational tenure) showed significant relationships with resistance to change. Employees’ role breadth self‐efficacy was not related to resistance. Together, the results suggest a number of ways in which organisations can increase the effectiveness of their change efforts.Au cours de la dernière décennie, les chercheurs ont commencéàétudier les processus psychologiques à l’œvre dans les expériences des employés lors d’un changement organisationnel. La présente étude examine la façon dont les caractéristiques d’un contexte de travail quotidien sont en lien avec la résistance au changement des salariés à travers certains aspects du processus de changement. Les résultats confirment le modèle de recherche en montrant que les relations de LMX (Leader–Member Exchange) et du climat de développement perçu avec la résistance des salariés à une fusion étaient totalement médiées par trois caractéristiques processuelles de changement (l’information, la participation et la confiance dans la direction). De plus, les caractéristiques individuelles (ouverture aux changements de travail et titularisation au sein de l’organisation) sont significativement liées à la résistance au changement. L’efficacité de l’ampleur du rôle des salariés n’est pas liée à la résistance. Ensemble, ces résultats ouvrent quelques voies que les organisations peuvent utiliser pour augmenter l’efficacité de leurs efforts de changement.
Increasing incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance in women with prior abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy: DIAGEST 2 study
Authors: Vambergue A. , Dognin C. , Boulogne A. , Réjou M. C. , Biausque S. , Fontaine P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAims  Mild blood glucose abnormalities during pregnancy may be linked to later glucose tolerance abnormalities or diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) 6.75 years after delivery in women with differential blood glucose status during pregnancy.Methods  We compared long‐term outcomes among control women (n = 221), women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy (AGT; n = 322) and women with gestational diabetes (GDM; n = 466) who participated in DIAGEST 1. Women were recruited from 15 public maternity units in France. Clinical parameters could be determined in 155 control, 220 AGT and 338 GDM subjects. Rates of DM, IGT, IFG and ‘Any Abnormality’ were compared between the groups (American Diabetes Association criteria).Results  Adherence to follow‐up was 70.7%. Rates of DM, IGT and IFG were respectively 0.9% DM, 2.1% IGT and 3.6% IFG in the control group; rates in the AGT group were 6.3%, 11.3% and 6.3%. In GDM women, the rates of DM, IGT and IFG were, respectively, 18.0%, 13.4% and 8.5%. Predictors for DM were previous GDM, medical history of hypertension, age at delivery ≥ 33 years, family history of diabetes, fasting glucose during pregnancy ≥ 5.5 mmol/l and the severity of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy defined by the number of abnormal blood glucose values fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h during the glucose tolerance test at diagnosis of GDM.Conclusion  This study has identified a high prevalence of glucose tolerance abnormalities after AGT during pregnancy. Compared with GDM women, women with AGT have an intermediate risk of later diabetes.
The islet autoantibody titres: their clinical relevance in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and the classification of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Van Deutekom A. W. , Heine R. J. , Simsek S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLatent autoimmune diabetes in the adult (LADA) is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes, characterized by diabetes‐associated autoantibody positivity. A recent hypothesis proposes that LADA consists of a heterogeneous population, wherein several subgroups can be identified based on their autoimmune status. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to appraise whether the clinical characteristics of LADA patients correlate with the titre and numbers of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies. We found that the simultaneous presence of multiple autoantibodies and/or a high‐titre anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)—compared with single and low‐titre autoantibody—is associated with an early age of onset, low fasting C‐peptide values as a marker of reduced pancreatic B‐cell function, a high predictive value for future insulin requirement, the presence of other autoimmune disorders, a low prevalence of markers of the metabolic syndrome including high body mass index, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and a high prevalence of the genotype known to increase the risk of Type 1 diabetes. We propose a more continuous classification of diabetes mellitus, based on the finding that the clinical characteristics gradually change from classic Type 1 diabetes to LADA and finally to Type 2 diabetes. Future studies should focus on determining optimal cut‐off points of anti‐GAD for differentiating clinically relevant diabetes mellitus subgroups.
Human Capital and Overinvestment in R&D*
Authors: Reis Ana Balcão , Sequeira Tiago Neves 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe introduce a negative effect of technological development on human capital accumulation in a growth model with endogenous innovation and accumulation of human capital. This implies a negative externality of R&D in human capital accumulation. Some calibration exercises suggest that this distortion may be sufficiently strong not only to offset the usual effects of spillovers and of returns to specialization but also to induce overinvestment in R&D.
Resource Curse or Not: A Question of Appropriability*
Authors: Boschini Anne D. , Pettersson Jan , Roine Jesper 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhether natural resources are good or bad for a country's development are shown to depend on the interaction between institutional setting and, crucially, the types of resources possessed by the country. Some natural resources are, for economical and technical reasons, more likely to cause problems such as rent‐seeking and conflicts than others. This potential problem can, however, be countered by good institutional quality. In contrast to the traditional resource curse hypothesis, we show the impact of natural resources on economic growth to be non‐monotonic in institutional quality, and increasingly so for certain types of resources. In particular, countries rich in minerals are cursed only if they have low‐quality institutions, while the curse is reversed if institutions are sufficiently good. Furthermore, if countries are rich in diamonds and precious metals, these effects—both positive and negative—are larger.
Ticking Boxes and Changing the Social World: Data Collection and the New UK General Practice Contract
Authors: Checkland Kath , McDonald Ruth , Harrison Steve 
Published: November 2007

Abstract The new General Medical Services contract was introduced into general practice in the UK in 2004, and it links pay to performance far more than in the past. As a result, accurate data collection about patients and the care that they receive is now not only important for good patient care but also to prove that targets are being met. The use of electronic records and information technology has thus become much more sophisticated. This article reports the results from an ethnographic study of the early stages of the new contract in two general practices. As expected, electronic data collection had increased in importance in both practices, with consequences both for clinician–patient interactions and for the structures and processes in the practices, as uniform data collection instruments are put in place that privilege ‘hard’ biomedical data that can be easily coded above ‘softer’, more patient‐centred information. Roles and responsibilities had been changed to reflect the needs of the new systems, and new software applications allowed increased surveillance of both doctors’ and nurses’ performance; both of these had an impact on patterns of authority in our study practices. Furthermore, the structural changes that were found acted to embed the new ways of working, ensuring their reproduction in the future. In spite of these effects, we found little opposition to or critical reflection on the changes, and the doctors in our study continued to view their improved computer systems as neutral recording devices. The implication of these findings is discussed.
Informing UK Policy Development on the Regulation of CAM Practitioners: Lessons from Hong Kong?
Authors: Dixon Anna , Peckham Stephen , Ho Amy Po Ying 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPublic policy discussions on how to regulate acupuncture and herbal medical practitioners have reached a stalemate in the United Kingdom. After considerable activity in the first half of the current decade a wider review of professional regulation has re‐opened the discussion as to the most appropriate way to regulate the practice of all health‐care practitioners. In the meantime, the public continues to consult complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners in large numbers and self‐medicate with herbal products and other natural remedies, posing challenges for policy‐makers as to how to ensure public safety. In the NHS, providers and purchasers struggle to reconcile demands for access to CAM services with their clinical governance requirements. Hong Kong implemented new arrangements for the statutory regulation of traditional Chinese medical practitioners in the 1990s and has experienced the challenges of regulating a large established private market as well as integrating Chinese medicine further into the public health system. This experience is analysed in order to see whether the approach adopted there could address the public policy challenges faced in the UK. The article finds that, despite key cultural and historical differences related to the provision and use of CAM services, the similarities between the health‐care systems and the reasons for moves to professional regulation in Hong Kong and the UK provide useful insights into what is happening in the UK in relation to service provision and the relationship with the NHS and the medical profession. These are discussed in the light of current health policy developments in the UK.
Market Forces for the Unemployed? Training Vouchers in Germany and the USA
Authors: Hipp Lena , Warner Mildred E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVouchers are meant to increase competition and consumer choice in public service markets. Using the example of training vouchers for the unemployed in the USA and Germany, we show, however, that deficits, both on the demand and the supply side of the market, create problems with preference alignment and market formation. Information asymmetries undermine choice by the unemployed and reduce government control over the training system. Ironically, restrictions meant to compensate for these information deficits further inhibit competitive market formation. Evaluation data on training vouchers from both countries show that voucher systems do not increase choice, but weaken the partnerships public employment agencies previously had with training providers, and may lead to a shortage of high‐quality and specialized training, as well as creaming in the selection of training participants. Theoretical justification for vouchers is based on the notion of choice and consumer sovereignty. Using this framework to analyse the changed relationship between government, private training providers, and jobseekers, we challenge the efficacy of vouchers as a delivery mechanism in complex public service markets such as job training.
Molecular correlates of sleep and wakefulness in the brain of the white‐crowned sparrow
Authors: Jones Stephany , Pfister‐Genskow Martha , Benca Ruth M. , Cirelli Chiara 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the mammalian brain, sleep and wakefulness are associated with widespread changes in gene expression. The extent to which the molecular correlates of vigilance state are conserved across phylogeny, however, is only beginning to be explored. The goal of this study was to determine whether sleep and wakefulness affect gene expression in the avian brain. To achieve this end we performed an extensive microarray analysis of gene expression during sleep, wakefulness, and short‐term sleep deprivation in the telencephalon of the white‐crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). We found that, as in the rodent cerebral cortex, behavioral state, independent of time of day, has widespread effects on avian brain gene expression, affecting the transcript levels of 255 genes (1.4% of all tested transcripts). Wakefulness‐related transcripts (n = 114) code for proteins involved in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, immediate early genes and transcription factors associated with activity‐dependent neural plasticity, as well as heat‐shock proteins and molecular chaperones associated with the unfolded protein response. Sleep‐related transcripts (n = 141) code for proteins involved in membrane trafficking, lipid/cholesterol synthesis, translational regulation, cellular adhesion, and cytoskeletal organization. Remarkably, despite the considerable differences in morphology and cytology between the mammalian neocortex and the avian telencephalon, the functional categories of transcripts identified in this study exhibit a significant degree of overlap with those identified in the rodent cortex.
Duration of complex partial seizures: An intracranial EEG study
Authors: Afra Pegah , Jouny Christophe C. , Bergey Gregory K. 
Published: November 2007

Summary
Purpose: The dynamics of partial seizures originating from neocortical and mesial temporal regions are thought to differ, yet there are no quantitative comparative studies. The studies reported here investigate the duration of complex partial seizures in these populations using analyses of seizures recorded from intracranial arrays.
Methods: Data were collected from patients undergoing presurgical evaluation with intracranial electrodes. Seizure duration was defined as the time of earliest sustained ictal activity until the termination either in all electrodes (global duration, GD), or at the onset area (focal duration, FD). Patients were divided into three groups: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NCTLE), and neocortical extratemporal lobe epilepsy (NCXTLE).
Results: Complex partial seizure durations were significantly longer in the MTLE group compared to the NCXTLE group. Median GD for MTLE was 106 s, and for NCXTLE was 78 s. There were no significant differences between seizure durations when comparing MTLE group to NCTLE group, or comparing NCTLE group to NCXTLE group. In the MTLE group, patients with bilateral recording arrays had significantly longer median seizure durations (GD and FD) than those sampled with unilateral arrays.
Conclusions: In this select group of patients there is a significant difference between the duration of complex partial seizures of mesial temporal and neocortical extratemporal origin with mesial temporal complex partial seizures being longer. This may result from a number of possibilities including the bilateral propagation of some mesial temporal seizures and differences in ictal generators of the underlying networks.
Successful surgical treatment of insular epilepsy with nocturnal hypermotor seizures
Authors: Dobesberger Judith , Ortler Martin , Unterberger Iris , Walser Gerald , Falkenstetter Tina , Bodner Thomas , Benke Thomas , Bale Reto , Fiegele Thomas , Donnemiller Eveline , Gotwald Thaddaeus , Trinka Eugen 
Published: November 2007

Summary Nocturnal hypermotor seizures (NHSs) suggest seizure onset in the frontal lobe. We present a patient with NHSs and insular seizure onset who underwent successful surgical treatment. A 29‐year‐old right‐handed man suffered from intractable NHSs since the age of 12 years. High‐resolution MRI, [18F]FDG‐PET, and neuropsychological examination gave normal results, ictal EEG was obscured by artifacts. Ictal [99mTc]HMPAO‐SPECT revealed hyperperfusion in the right anterior part of the insula and right frontal operculum. The seizure onset zone was localized in the right anterior insula based on invasive recordings. Electrical stimulation in that area elicited habitual seizures. A limited resection of the anterior part of the right insula and the right frontal operculum was performed rendering the patient seizure‐free (follow‐up 1 year). To our knowledge, this is the first reported nonlesional patient with an insular seizure onset and NHSs who underwent successful epilepsy surgery.
Caries Prevalence in Older Persons with and without Dementia
Authors: Ellefsen Birita , Holm‐Pedersen Poul , Morse Douglas E. , Schroll Marianne , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of coronal and root caries in a memory clinic–based population of elderly patients with and without a diagnosis of dementia and to examine the influence of age, sex, social relations, social position, and functional ability.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Patients referred with possible cognitive dysfunction were recruited from two university hospital dementia clinics.PARTICIPANTS: In total, 106 dentate persons participated in the study. Mean age was 82, 69 were women, and 87 had a diagnosis of dementia.MEASUREMENTS: Data from interviews and a clinical examination were collected. The diagnosis of dementia was made at the dementia clinics according to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Active coronal and root caries was assessed using previously defined diagnostic criteria from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.RESULTS: The mean number of coronal and root surfaces with caries was statistically significantly higher in subjects with a diagnosis of dementia (7.0 vs 2.7, P<.05). Subjects with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease had a significantly higher mean number of root surfaces with caries (4.9, P<.05) than subjects with other dementia diagnoses (2.3) and those without dementia (1.7). People with Alzheimer's disease also had significantly more mean total caries than subjects without dementia (7.8 vs 2.7, P<.05). Participants with a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score less than 24 had significantly more caries than participants with a MMSE‐score of 24 or higher (7.6 vs 4.3, P<.05).CONCLUSION: Patients with newly diagnosed dementia already had a high level of active dental caries when they were referred to the memory clinic. The high caries prevalence was related to dementia type and severity.
Incidence and Treatment of Arterial Access Dissections Occurring during Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: PRASAD AMIT , COMPTON P. ALEXANDER , PRASAD ANAND , ROESLE MICHELE , MAKKE LORENZA , ROGERS SHARON , BANERJEE SUBHASH , BRILAKIS EMMANOUIL S. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Arterial access dissections may complicate cardiac catheterization and can often be treated percutaneously. The goal of this study was to examine the incidence, consequences, and the treatment of arterial access dissections at a tertiary referral hospital with an active training program.
Methods: Patients experiencing arterial access dissection during coronary angiography or intervention at our institution between October 1, 2004, and January 31, 2007, were identified and their records were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Thirteen of the 3,062 consecutive patients (0.42%) had arterial access dissection during the study period. The location of the dissection was in the common femoral artery (CFA) (n = 6), the external iliac artery (EIA) (n = 6), or in an aortobifemoral graft (n = 1). Three of the six patients with CFA dissection were diagnosed during coronary angiography, and because of significant comorbidities were treated with self‐expanding stents. After a mean follow‐up of 7 months, they experienced no stent fracture or other complication. Six patients had EIA dissections. In one such patient, the dissection was not flow limiting and was treated conservatively. The remaining five patients underwent successful implantation of self‐expanding stents, and during a mean follow‐up of 9.6 months, no patient had any symptoms or events related to lower extremity ischemia. Finally, one patient had an aortobifemoral graft dissection. Due to the patient's critical condition, secondary to sepsis, his family elected to withdraw care, and he subsequently expired.
Conclusions: Arterial access dissections occur infrequently during cardiac catheterization. Routine femoral artery angiography may help identify vascular access complications, often allowing simultaneous endovascular treatment, with excellent short‐term outcomes.
Making sense of neuroimaging in psychiatry
Authors: Malhi G. S. , Lagopoulos J. 
Published: November 2007

Objective:  Neuroimaging of psychiatric disorders has increased exponentially in the last decade; however, much of the uptake thus far has been in the realm of research. We anticipate that clinical use of neuroimaging modalities in psychiatry will increase dramatically in the near future and suggest that clinicians need to be aware of the potential applications.Method:  The authors conducted an extensive MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMED and PsychInfo search of the published literature (1965–2007) using a variety of search terms to find relevant articles. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were further scrutinised for publications of interest, as were indices of books. Articles that reported clinically significant findings and research reports conducted using pertinent neuroimaging modalities were reviewed in detail.Results:  The review suggests that exciting neuroimaging advances are being made that have relevance to psychiatry. Novel neuroimaging applications with potential clinical utility are rapidly emerging and the accessibility and use of these technologies will increase in coming years. Clinically meaningful findings have begun to emerge in mood disorders, post‐traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and dementia. Coupling multimodal imaging with genetics and pharmacotherapeutic studies will further assist in understanding the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.Conclusion:  It is important that clinicians understand the benefits and limitations of modern neuroimaging techniques and are also suitably equipped to appraise future developments. The use of neuroimaging in evaluating psychopathology is likely to impact upon the future nosology of psychiatric disorders, and assist in diagnosis and clinical management. The integrated use of neuroimaging in conjunction with clinical assessments promises to improve clinical care and markedly alter psychiatric practice.