bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum Supplementation in Phenylketonuria Diets: Adequate in Early Infancy?
Authors: Sievers Erika , Arpe Thomas , Schleyerbach Urte , Schaub Jürgen 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Molybdenum concentrations in formulas exceed those in human milk by far. Infants with phenylketonuria require semisynthetic phenylalanine‐restricted diets. Because these diets are presently supplemented with molybdenum, a study was conducted to determine whether retention and plasma concentration in the recipients are equivalent to those of healthy breast‐fed infants.Methods:Balance and plasma studies were conducted in healthy breast‐fed infants (n = 17) and in patients with phenylketonuria (n = 4) at the age of 4 weeks, and the plasma investigations were repeated at the ages of 4 and 12 months. The samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (balance studies) and high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (plasma).Results:Molybdenum intake and retention in all infants with phenylketonuria were more than 18 times those of breast‐fed infants. The plasma concentrations reflected these differences. A median of 0.04 μg/l was assessed in breast‐fed infants at 4 weeks and less than 0.02 μg/l at 4 months of age. Comparative results of infants with phenylketonuria were 2.9 μg/l and 2.5 μg/l, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups at 12 months of age.Conclusions:The phenylketonuria diets investigated showed excessive retention and plasma concentrations of the essential trace element molybdenum in early infancy. In view of these findings, the present practice of molybdenum fortification should be revised.
Euro‐Growth References for Length, Weight, and Body Circumferences
Authors: Haschke Ferdinand , van't Hof Martin A. ,   Euro‐Growth Study Group
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Several concerns have been raised by World Health Organization (WHO) expert groups regarding the adequacy of currently existing growth references, including those currently supported by WHO. As part of a concerted action of the European Union, new references were developed that were based on a well‐defined sample of the European population and were compared with existing references.Methods:During the longitudinal, observational multicenter study, anthropometric measurements using standardized methodology were performed in 2245 children between 1 and 36 months of age, and sex‐and age‐specific growth references for recumbent length, weight, mid‐upper arm, thigh, and calf circumferences were developed.Results:The validity of the curve‐fitting programs was demonstrated by comparing the selected sex‐specific percentile distributions for all indices with the smoothed references. Comparison with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)‐WHO references for length and weight for age indicated that the ‐2 z‐score value of the WHO reference as cutoff value shows that a substantial part of the children with suspected failure to thrive should be classified as normal. The references also indicate that the mid‐upper arm circumference is age and sex dependent and that a single cutoff value for children less than 5 years of age should no longer be used. Mid‐parental height was the best single predictor of recumbent length until 36 months of age.Conclusions:The Euro‐Growth references that were developed reflect growth of a well‐defined, large cohort of healthy infants and can be used for international comparisons.
Euro‐Growth References on Increments in Length, Weight, and Head and Arm Circumferences During the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: van't Hof Martin A. , Haschke Ferdinand , Darvay Sarolta ,   Euro‐Growth Study Group
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Reliable assessment of growth performance of infants and young children requires reference data increments. Available increment references are based on data fitted to mathematical models, a process that diminishes variation in increment values.Methods:Fully longitudinal data from the multicenter Euro‐Growth Study (21 study sites;n = 2145 children) were used to develop sex‐specific percentiles for increments in length, weight, and head and mid‐upper arm circumferences for selected intervals during the first 36 months of life. Increments (per unit of time) were calculated for 2‐, 3‐and 6‐month intervals from birth to 12 months of age and for 6‐month intervals from 12 to 36 months of age. Weight increments were also calculated for 1‐month intervals from birth to 6 months of age. The influence of sex, mid‐parental height, and study site was determined using analysis of covariance. Comparison with other references was accomplished using percentile values.Results:Mean and standard deviation values as well as selected percentiles (P; P3, P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P95, and P97) of increments are presented. Length increments of boys were higher than those of girls until 5 months of age but tended to be lower thereafter. Weight increments of boys were higher until 9 months of age. Sex, mid‐parental height, and study site explained only between 2% and 13% of the variances of increments. Mean increments were comparable but P10 and P90 substantially differed from published data.Conclusions:The new Euro‐Growth references for increments in length, weight, and head and mid‐upper arm circumferences provide tools for health workers that should be useful in screening for adequacy of growth during the first 3 years of life.
Euro‐Growth References for Body Mass Index and Weight for Length
Authors: van't Hof Martin A. , Haschke Ferdinand ,   Euro‐Growth Study Group
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Fully longitudinal data from the multicenter Euro‐Growth study (21 study sites;n = 2145 children) were used to develop sex‐specific percentiles and z‐scores for body mass index (BMI) and weight for length (WfL) during the first 36 months of life.Methods:Smoothed percentile curves for BMI against age were constructed and checked against raw percentiles. Smoothed percentile curves for WfL were constructed according to established procedures and were checked against raw percentiles. The relation of BMI with length and of WfL with age was examined. The relation between BMI and WfL was tested using z‐scores of each. The influence of gender, geographic location (study site), and genetic factors on BMI and WfL was examined. Finally, the new references for BMI and WfL were compared with other published references.Results:Selected percentiles (P; P3, P5, PI0, P25, P50, P75, P90, P95, and P97) for BMI showed a sharp increase from 1 to 6 months of age and a gradual decline between 12 and 36 months. Smoothed percentiles for WfL showed only small deviations from raw percentiles. BMI was found to be essentially independent of length, whereas WfL showed some degree of dependence on age. Values for BMI and WfL showed very good agreement, except at the extremes of the age range. A modest degree of influence of geographic location on BMI and WfL was found. Correlations with parental BMI and WfL were very weak, however. Comparison with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) references showed the latter to have a narrower range of values.Conclusions:The new Euro‐Growth references for BMI and WfL provide improved tools for health workers and researchers dealing with childhood obesity.
Patterns of Milk and Food Intake in Infants From Birth to Age 36 Months: The Euro‐Growth Study
Authors: Freeman Valerie , van't Hof Martin , Haschke Ferdinand ,   Euro‐Growth Study Group
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Little detailed information is available on feeding practices of infants in Europe. The Euro‐Growth Study is a longitudinal, observational, multicenter study of milk feeding, the introduction of complementary solid foods, and vitamin and mineral supplementation. Current practice is compared with international feeding recommendations.Method:Healthy term infants (n = 2245) were recruited at birth or during the first month of life. Dietary records were completed at the ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months by semiquantitative dietary recall.Results:At the age of 1 month, 52% of the infants were exclusively breast fed and 26% were exclusively formula fed. At the age of 9 months, 18% of infants were fed only cow's milk. At the ages of 3, 4, and 5 months, 50%, 67%, and 95% of infants were fed solid foods, respectively.Conclusions:Feeding practices vary considerably throughout Europe. High rates of breast‐feeding initiation are found in Umea, Sweden, and in Athens, Greece; and low rates in Dublin, Ireland, in Toulouse, France, and in Glasgow, United Kingdom. The use of cow's milk as the main milk drink before the age of 12 months is still common in certain European centers.
Writing manuscripts for peer review
Authors: Weinstein Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLittle instruction in writing manuscripts for peer review is provided in nursing school or medical school. To relatively inexperienced would‐be authors, including junior physicians and allied health professionals, this avenue of professional communication may sometimes seem to be unattainable. Yet many of them are energetic and insightful, and have the potential to make contributions to the literature. This article aims to provide an explanation of the components of the peer review manuscript and advice regarding how to go about writing one so as to overcome the writer's block that inexperienced authors may frequently experience.
Circulating microvesicles miR139‐3p from bronchopulmonary dysplasia aggravates pulmonary vascular simplification by targeting 4E binding protein 1
Authors: Yu Linchao , He Rui , Liu Chan , Shi Yuan , Wang Daoxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicrovesicles (MVs) play a crucial role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). There are many MVs in circulating plasma, and they are in direct contact with lung endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanism and causative effect of circulating MVs on BPD remain unclear.MethodsClinical plasma samples were collected, circulating MVs were isolated, and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed. The BPD model was established, and different MVs were administered. Alveoli and pulmonary vessels were examined by hematoxylin–eosin staining, and body weight and length were measured. In vitro, gene expression was disrupted by miRNA mimics, miRNA inhibitors or plasmid transfection. Cell proliferation and protein expression were detected by cell scratch assay, accurate 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine test, western blotting, or immunofluorescence assay.ResultsBPD‐derived MVs further aggravated pulmonary vascular simplification, while circulating MVs from control mice mitigated pulmonary vascular simplification. Micro‐RNA sequencing and independent sample verification revealed that miR139‐3p, but not miR6125 or miR193b‐3p, was the most critical effector molecule in MVs. Mechanism studies showed that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 was the target gene for miR139‐3p. In addition, we found that supplementation of miR139‐3p inhibitor partially alleviated pulmonary vascular simplification.ConclusionsThese results indicate that circulating MVs are involved in forming BPD by carrying miR139‐3p molecules and support miR139‐3p inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating pulmonary vascular simplification in BPD.
Blue carbon additionality: New insights from the radiocarbon content of saltmarsh soils and their respired CO2
Authors: Houston Alex , Garnett Mark H , Austin William E. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInternational policy frameworks recognize the net drawdown and storage of atmospheric greenhouse gases through management interventions on blue carbon ecosystems (saltmarshes, mangroves, seagrasses) as potential emissions offset strategies. However, key questions remain around the “additionality” of the carbon sequestered by these ecosystems, and whether some fraction of the organic carbon (OC) that does not derive from in situ production (allochthonous) should be included in carbon budgets. This study compares the radiocarbon (14C) contents of saltmarsh soils and CO2 evolved from aerobic laboratory incubations to show that young OC is preferentially respired over aged OC, and that the latter is also vulnerable to remineralization under oxic conditions. This highlights that management interventions which reduce the exposure of saltmarsh soils to oxic conditions support the inclusion of some portion of allochthonous OC in carbon budgets. Elevated temperature incubations provide preliminary evidence that the predominant source of respired OC will not change under predicted future warmer conditions. Saltmarsh typology also influences the 14C content of both the bulk soil and respired CO2, highlighting the importance of site selection for optimized blue carbon additionality.
The effect of reinforcement particles weight percentage on the mechanical properties and plastic flow behaviour of aluminum alloy 7075 matrix material
Authors: Gupta T. K. , Saxena A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present investigation, an aluminum 7075 based hybrid metal matrix composite has been prepared by utilizing the primary reinforcement element (boron carbide with 9 %, 7 %, 5 %, 3 %, and 1 % weight percentage) and secondary reinforcement particles (silicon carbide with 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 9 % weight percentage) through the well‐known stir‐casting method. Further, the tensile, hardness and Charpy impact tests were performed on the prepared composite material for mechanical properties evaluation. In addition, an attempt has also been performed to analyze the effect of reinforcement weight percentages (primary and secondary) on the strength coefficient, strain hardening rate and strain hardening exponent of the prepared composite material compositions. The results revealed that sample 1 (aluminum 7075/9 weight percentage boron carbide/1 weight percentage silicon carbide) exhibited the maximum 14.12 percent, 14.25 percent and 19.56 percentage increase in hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength respectively than the matrix material. The strain hardening exponent has been increased with the increase in the weight percentage of silicon carbide. Further, the value of the strength coefficient was decreased with the increase in the weight percentage of boron carbide particles. In addition, stage III hardening was associated with the all developed composite material compositions.
The influence of chemical and technological parameters of materials in the design of objects in industrial design on the example of state facilities
Authors: Zijing W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to generalise the thermodynamic model describing the fragmentation of metals or alloys at integrated project delivery, and to study the features and conditions for the formation of limit (stationary) structures of various types. Thus, a Project Delivery is constructed in the two‐defect model approximation with dislocation density and grain boundaries taken into account, which establishes the conditions for the formation of limit (stationary) structures of different types. In addition, the article studies in detail the evolution of the main structural defects and their interaction during the implementation of the stationary regime, and also establishes the dependence of the type of limit structure formed on the values of landslide deformation and the initial state of the material. It is found that the change of states of the system is of solid‐state phase transformation nature. It follows from the methods of description that the limit (stationary) structure is not immutable, but represents a dynamic equilibrium of the processes of generation and annihilation of structural defects.
Specific heat capacity of chromium aluminum based nitride and oxynitride hard coatings
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kalscheuer C. , Carlet M. , Janowitz J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn simulation for machining processes, temperature dependent properties and their exact specification are important for application oriented results. For calculation of coated tools and components, interest in thermophysical properties of hard coatings is increasing. A methodical approach is used to measure the specific heat capacity of nitride and oxynitride hard coatings deposited by physical vapor deposition. The coating is converted into powdery state and measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Heat capacities for Cr44Al5N51 and two oxynitride Cr40Al5O18N37 and Cr44Al8O28N21 coatings were measured from T=200 °C to T=900 °C, technically relevant in tribological applications and manufacturing technology. The measured heat capacities showed reproducible results between cp ≈0.38 J/gK and cp ≈0.78 J/gK and dependency on the chemical composition of the coatings. The coating with highest non‐metal to metal ratio exhibited the highest heat capacity. The coating with highest oxygen content and lowest non‐metal to metal ratio showed the lowest heat capacity. Hard coatings and their thermophysical properties can affect heat transfer in industrial processes. Knowledge of these properties is necessary for process control by temperature sensor coatings or temperature dependent simulations. With measured values of heat capacities of physically vapor deposited hard coatings separated from the substrate, coatings can be adapted for use in application.
Optimization of process variables and characterization of mechanically agitated ceramic‐microsphere reinforced aluminium composite
Authors: Anand A. , Tiwari S. K. , Prakash V. , Gautam S. K. , Srivastava A. K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of stir‐casting process parameters, including stirring speed, stirring time, and weight % of the ceramic microsphere, on the fabrication of an aluminium 6061‐ceramic microsphere composite. Experiments are conducted using a full‐factorial design approach to determine the effect of variables on mechanical properties. A field effect scanning electron microscope is used to analyze the fracture surfaces of the test specimen. Further, the results are subjected to the Anderson‐darling normality test to validate the accuracy of the model, and finally, an analysis of variance is performed to identify the most significant parameters that affect the mechanical properties. The results confirm the validity of the designed experimental model for enhancing the mechanical properties of the aluminium 6061‐ceramic microsphere composite. The optimum mechanical properties are attained for a stirring speed of 600 min−1, stirring time of 15 min, and 5 weight % of reinforcement. Furthermore, the weight percentage of the ceramic microsphere increase, the ductility of the composite decreases while its strength and hardness increase. Finally, the analysis of variance shows that all parameters significantly impact the mechanical properties of the designed composite.
Deposition and characterization of high velocity oxy‐fuel sprayed nickel chrome boron silicium based coatings on stainless steel substrates
Authors: Pandey N. , Nayak S. K. , Satapathy A. , Mantry S. , Sahoo S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfter plasma spraying, high‐velocity‐oxy‐fuel (HVOF) spraying is fast emerging as the most versatile deposition technique for thermal sprayed protective coatings. In this context, the present work aims at the deposition of a class of inter‐metallic/cermet coatings of nickel chrome boron silicium (NiCrBSi) and nickel chrome boron silicium+titanium diboride (TiB2) on 304 stainless steel substrates using high‐velocity oxy‐fuel spraying route. The cermet powder is prepared as the feedstock by mechanical mixing of the powders prior to spraying. Different coating samples are obtained by varying the flame‐to‐substrate spray distance (40 mm, 80 mm, 120 mm, 160 mm and 200 mm). These coatings are characterized in terms of their adhesion strength, deposition efficiency, thickness, and micro‐hardness by conducting tests as per the ASTM standards. The surface and interface morphologies of the deposited coatings are studied using scanning electron microscopy. The possible phases present in the coatings, and the transformation of phases during deposition have been explored by x‐ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the coatings exhibit fairly good interfacial adhesion, micro‐hardness, and thickness values that varied significantly with the spray‐distance. Further, the premixing of titanium diboride in nickel chrome boron silicium improved the mechanical and microstructural/compositional properties of the coatings.
Brand strategies: Enhancing manufacturers' bargaining power in grocery retail through cross‐category complementarities
Authors: Heimeshoff Ulrich , Klein Gordon J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article emphasizes the role of brand strategies, as placement in regional niche strategies for manufacturers, to impact retailer–manufacturer relations in the grocery retail sector. Due to joint purchases of initially unrelated products within a shopping cart, transaction cost‐induced complementarities between those products arise. Given unique retailer data, we infer complementarities arising from a specific product to a shopping cart of products. Using a Nash‐in‐Nash framework, we are able to show that the impact on the bargaining position for the manufacturer vis‐à‐vis a retailer is substantial and helps to increase the potential of gaining a larger slice of the profit pie.
Literature survey of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictions in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Phakula Steven , Landman Willem A. , Engelbrecht Christien J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSubseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) prediction has gained momentum in the recent past as a need for predictions between the weather forecasting timescale and seasonal timescale exists. The availability of S2S databases makes prediction and predictability studies possible over all the regions of the globe. Most S2S studies are, however, relevant to the northern hemisphere. In this review, the S2S literature relevant to the southern hemisphere (SH) are presented. Predictive skill, sources of predictability, and the application of S2S predictions are discussed. Indications from the subseasonal predictability studies for the SH regions suggest that predictive skill is limited to 2 weeks in general, particularly for temperature and rainfall, which are the variables most frequently investigated. However, temperature has enhanced skill compared to rainfall. More S2S prediction studies that include the quantification of the sources of predictability and the identification of windows of opportunity need to be conducted for the SH, particularly for the southern African region. The African continent is vulnerable to weather‐ and climate‐related disasters, and S2S forecasts can assist in alleviating the risk of such disasters.