bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal ultrasonography in healthy cats
Authors: Walter P. A. , Johnston G. R. , Feeney D. A. , O'Brien T. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the kidneys of 10 healthy cats during normal hydration and after administration of contrast medium. Differences in the appearance of anatomic structures or in the echo intensity were not detected between kidneys during normal hydration and after contrast medium administration. The appearance of scanning images was influenced by mode, frequency, and focal range of the transducer, topography and mobility of the kidneys, and adequate sound conduction.
Hormonal changes in sows after induced porcine parvovirus infection in early pregnancy
Authors: Meyers Patrick J. , Liptrap Robert M. , Miller Richard B. , Thorsen Jan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hormonal changes, lesions, and virus isolation studies were determined in sows after uterine artery inoculation with porcine parvovirus ([ppv], strain NADL-8) in early pregnancy. Two sows were given ppv on days 14 or 16 and were euthanatized and necropsied on day 35 after twice daily plasma collection for hormone measurement. Parvovirus was given to 4 sows on day 14 and to 4 sows on day 21 with 5 times daily plasma samples collected for 1 week. Sows were examined on days 21 and 28, respectively. Four control sows in each group on days 14 and 21 were given a placebo injection and were similarly studied. All embryos in all but 1 sow given ppv were in various stages of resorption at necropsy. Normal embryos were present in all control sows.
Estrone sulfate values increased logarithmically, progesterone values remained stable, and concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin (pg) F2α (pgfm), a pgf2α metabolite, were < 200 ng/ml for sows given a placebo. In contrast, sows with resorbing embryos did not have an increase in estrone sulfate values. A decrease in plasma progesterone values occurred in 9 of 10 sows inoculated with ppv; this decrease was accompanied by ≥ 1 marked increase in pgfm concentrations.
Quantitative assessment of the uterus revealed significantly greater cytoplasmic density in endometrial and glandular cell (P < 0.01), a greater glandular epithelium height (P < 0.05), and twice the number of glands (P < 0.05) in control sows, compared with values in sows inoculated with ppv. Virus isolation studies were positive for embryos of inoculated sows, but were consistently negative for those of control sows. Porcine parvovirus was recovered from 6 of 8 sows inoculated with ppv, but not from sows injected with a placebo. The importance of the hormone changes are interpreted in the light of pathologic alterations.
Evaluation of a simplified blood pepsinogen assay
Authors: Berghen P. , Dorny P. , Vercruysse J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood pepsinogen concentrations in cattle were determined, using a simple, direct method based on the hydrolysing effect of serum on buffered bovine albumin substrate (2 g/dl). The amount of tyrosine released was measured at 680 nm, using the Folin and Ciocalteu's colorimetric method. To ensure an optimal digestion in vitro, a glycine-hydrochloric acid buffer (0.1M) was evaluated at various pH. Serum samples with medium (2,591 mU of tyrosine) and high (6,222 mU of tyrosine) pepsinogen concentrations had the highest proteolytic activity at pH 2.5. Substituting albumin by hemoglobin substrate resulted in almost double the amount of hydrolyzed products. For preparation of standard pepsin or pepsinogen curves, the incorporation of serum (activated or inactivated) diminished the tyrosine released to only half the amount obtained without serum. The use of serum or plasma did not significantly affect the results of the test, nor did prolonged storage at −70 C result in marked differences in the results.
Pharmacokinetics of diacetoxyscirpenol in cattle and swine: Effects of halothane
Authors: Coppock R. W. , Swanson S. P. , Gelberg H. B. , Koritz G. D. , Buck W. B. , Hoffmann W. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In swine and cattle given 0, 0.1, or 0.5 and 0, 0.5 mg of diacetoxyscirpenol (das)/kg of body weight, iv, respectively; das had a large volume of distribution and total body clearance. The shortness of the interval between halothane and das exposures significantly (P >; 0.05) decreased das biotransformation. Urinary excretion of das as a parent compound was not an important route of elimination. In swine and cattle, das was transformed by sequential deacetylation to monoacetoxyscirpenol and scirpentriol.
Changes in small intestinal morphology and flora associated with decreased energy digestibility in calves with naturally occurring diarrhea
Authors: Youanes Youanes D. , Herdt Thomas H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal composition was studied in 5 healthy Holstein calves and in 10 with naturally occurring diarrhea. The calves were between 5 and 21 days of age. The mean fecal contents of fat, lactate, and acetate were higher in the calves with diarrhea than in the healthy calves (P < 0.01). On the basis of calculated values, the mean caloric uptake from milk was decreased by 31% in diarrheal calves, compared with that in controls. At least half of the diarrheal calves were calculated to be in negative energy balance during the fecal collection period. This occurred in spite of consumption of a diet sufficient to provide more than enough energy for maintenance in healthy calves.
The mean values for villous lengths were decreased at all portions of the small intestine in the calves with diarrhea, compared with those values in healthy calves. Similarly, the mean intestinal epithelial lactase activities were decreased in the calves with diarrhea, compared with those activities in healthy calves. Villous length was negatively correlated with fecal lactate content (r = −0.88 in the duodenum, r = −0.66 in the jejunum, and r = −0.80 in the ileum), but not with fecal fat content. Intestinal lactase activity in the cranial portion of the intestine tended to be negatively correlated with fecal lactate content.
The mean concentration of total viable bacteria in the ileum was 1,000-fold higher in the diarrheal calves than in the healthy calves (109 vs 106/5-cm intestinal segment; P < 0.001), whereas the mean concentrations of total viable bacteria in the duodenum and jejunum of healthy and diarrheal calves were approximately the same. The concentration of coliform organisms was higher in the principal calves than that in the healthy calves in all 3 small intestinal sections (P < 0.05). The concentration of coliform organisms in the duodenum was positively correlated with fecal lactate content (r = 0.77, P < 0.05).
It was concluded that fat and carbohydrate malabsorption occurs frequently in calves > 5 days of age that have diarrhea. The accompanying decrease in dietary energy digestibility was substantial and may contribute to the death of these calves, particularly in cold weather. Small intestinal epithelial damage seemed to cause carbohydrate malabsorption, but the mechanism responsible for fat malabsorption was not apparent. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with a predominance of coliform organisms is common in calves with diarrhea and malabsorption, and its occurrence is probably independent of the inciting cause.
Acid-base and electrolyte balance in dairy heifers fed forage and concentrate rations: Effects of sodium bicarbonate
Authors: Roby K. A. W. , Chalupa W. , Orsini J. A. , Elser A. H. , Kronfeld D. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Eight Holstein heifers were fed diets of alfalfa hay, corn silage, or finely ground corn grain with or without NaHC03 in a rotating experimental design. Acid-base status and renal excretion of electrolytes were evaluated during shortterm (1 and 5 day) and long-term (24 day) feeding trials. Heifers fed alfalfa hay had a greater metabolic buffering capacity than did heifers fed corn silage. Heifers fed grain had lower blood pH and bicarbonate values than did those fed the forage diets. The most pronounced effects of grain-feeding were aciduria and phosphaturia. Aciduria did not occur when NaHCO3 was added to the grain at 2% of the ration on a dry matter basis. Grain-fed heifers had significantly (P < 0.05) lower blood and urine pH and bicarbonate values, and excreted significantly more calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the urine than did those fed grain plus NaHC03. Sodium bicarbonate, as a 2% dietary supplement, counteracted many effects of high-grain diets.
In vitro viral expression as a criterion for development of control procedures for enzootic bovine leukosis
Authors: Weber A. F. , Meiske J. C. , Hooker E. C. , Haggard D. L. , Domagala A. M. , Sorensen D. K. , Buoen L. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a university beef herd of 304 cattle in which six died of lymphosarcoma between 1980 and 1984, 77% of the Angus and 26% of the Charolais cattle were determined to be infected with bovine leukemia virus (blv). Changes in iatrogenic procedures were initiated as early control measures.
In vitro viral expression (ve) was used as a criterion to identify cattle for subsequent segregation or culling. This involved determinations of percentages of blv-associated lymphocyte profiles among thin-sectioned Ficoll-Paqueisolated blood lymphocytes that were processed into plastic after culture for 48 h. Cattle retained until completion of nutritional studies or as breeding stock were separated into two groups. The blv-seronegative cattle, blv-seropositive cattle with 0% ve, and blv-seropositive cattle with 1% to 4% ve were placed in group 1. Seropositive cattle with ≥ 5% ve were placed in group 2.
In 1985, evaluation of in vitro ve in 108 mature blv- seropositive cattle retained for breeding revealed 36 (33%) had no observable ve. In 1986,58 of 108 cattle were available to be reexamined, and 21 (36%) had 0% ve in both years. The ve expression values for individual cattle were generally comparable over the 2-year period. Of 48 initial seronegative breeding stock housed in group 1 with blv- seropositive cattle with low or no ve, 21 (44%) seroconverted during 1985 to 1986. A positive correlation of 0.585 was found between ve and age-related absolute lymphocyte number.
Auditory brain stem response testing in anesthetized horses
Authors: Rolf Sheri L. , Reed Stephen M. , Melnick William , Andrews Frank M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Auditory brain stem response testing, using insert earphones, was performed in 10 healthy horses given general anesthesia. The procedure involved clicks of alternating polarity delivered at a rate of 25 clicks/s. Wave forms, including five peaks, were commonly identified.
Latencies were measured in milliseconds for waves I through V for all intensities. Latencies of all waves decreased as stimulus intensity increased. For waves I through V, a least-squares regression line was determined for each horse, using all responses between 87-dB sound pressure level (spl) and 136-dB spl, inclusive.
Slopes were significantly (P < 0.05) less than zero for waves I through IV, but not for wave V. Peak latencies of each wave averaged at 87-dB spl for waves I through V were 1.73, 2.6, 3.82, 4.80, and 5.71 ms, respectively; latencies of these five waves at 136-dB spl were 1.36, 2.2, 3.06, 3.92, and 4.71 ms, respectively. The decrease in latency among the five waves ranged from 0.13 to 0.004 ms/dB. When peak values were below 87-dB spl, waves became essentially unrecognizable.
Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Pathology
Authors: Yason C. V. , Summers B. A. , Schat K. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Various age groups of turkeys, White Leghorn chickens, and broiler chickens were inoculated with turkey rotavirus strain Tu-2 or with chicken rotavirus Ch-2, and the development of rotavirus-induced lesions were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Morphometric evaluations were conducted to determine morphologic changes in the villi of infected turkeys. Macroscopic lesions that were found in turkeys, but not in chickens, consisted of pallor of the intestinal tract and distension of the cecum with frothy or nonfrothy fluid contents. Histologic lesions in turkeys consisted of basal vacuolation of enterocytes, separation of enterocytes from the lamina propria (with subsequent desquamation), villus atrophy accompanied by widening of the lamina propria, scalloping of the villus surface, fusion of the villi, and leukocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. Scanning electron microscopy indicated roughened villus surfaces, distortion of the normal morphologic features of the villi, and loss of microvilli in cells located on the tips of the villi. Most of the lesions disappeared by 8 days after inoculation. Results of the morphometric evaluations indicated that the crypt length had increased and the villus-to-crypt ratio had significantly decreased, compared with that of noninoculated control turkeys. Broilers ≥ 21 days old and White Leghorn chickens ≥ 35 days old had minimal leukocytic infiltration of the lamina propria and minimal loss of microvilli in cells located on the tips of the villi. The loss of microvilli was more extensive in chickens ≥ 119 days old than in younger birds. Generally, turkeys 1 to 112 days old developed more severe lesions than did chickens, and lesions were more pronounced in turkeys at 112 days of age.
Disposition of fenbendazole in cattle
Authors: Short Charles R. , Barker Steven A. , Hsieh Lily C. , Ou Su-Pin , McDowell Tamera , Davis Lloyd E. , Neff-Davis Carol A. , Koritz Gary , Bevill Richard F. , Munsiff Irene J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fenbendazole (fbz) was administered to cattle iv and orally in a crossover design. Plasma concentration vs time profiles were reported for fbz and its major metabolites, the sulfoxide (oxfendazole) and the sulfone. The total excretion of fbz and its metabolites in urine and feces was also measured for 6 days after administration. All known metabolites were identified in urine and feces except for fenbendazole amine. Neither this minor metabolite nor p-hydroxyfenbendazole (fbz-oh) appeared in plasma. The major excretory product was fbz-oh. After oral administration, only 44.6% of the dose was eliminated after 6 days, indicating a fairly high degree of sequestration, probably within the gastrointestinal tract.
Circulating proplatelets: Isolation and quantitation in healthy rats and in rats with induced acute blood loss
Authors: Handagama P. J. , Feldman B. F. , Jain N. C. , Farver T. B. , Kono C. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A technique to isolate megakaryocyte proplatelet processes from blood of rats’ hearts, using colloidal silica coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone density gradient, was developed. The proplatelet concentration in blood from right ventricles was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in blood from left ventricles in healthy rats, as well as in rats with induced acute blood loss. The proplatelet concentration of blood from the heart, 24 hours after acute blood loss was induced was significantly (P < 0.001) increased, indicating that platelet production was accelerated. The demonstration of proplatelets entering the pulmonary circulation indicates platelet release via proplatelet formation. Seemingly, proplatelets are fragmented in the lungs at predesignated locations along the proplatelet process.
Effects of dexamethasone, levamisole, and dexamethasone-levamisole combination on neutrophil function in female goats
Authors: Maddux Jeanne M. , Keeton Kerry S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Effects of dexamethasone, levamisole, or combined dexamethasone-levamisole administration on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) function in healthy, adult female goats were studied. Goats were assigned to treated (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. In experiment 1, treated goats were given levamisole (6 mg/kg of body weight, im). In experiment 2, treated goats were given 0.1 mg of dexamethasone/kg, iv, for 3 consecutive days, 1 mg of dexamethasone/kg, iv, for 6 consecutive days, and 6 mg of levamisole/kg, im, with a 4th injection of 1 mg of dexamethasone/kg. All injections were administered 12 hours before blood collection. The pmn were evaluated for random migration and Chemotaxis under agarose, ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, cytochrome C reduction, iodination, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Levamisole alone did not alter the function of caprine pmn. Both doses of dexamethasone caused increased random migration and decreased cytochrome C reduction and iodination. Dexamethasone resulted in no changes in Chemotaxis, S aureus ingestion, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Random migration and cytochrome C reduction returned toward base line in cells from dexamethasone and levamisole-treated goats. Although iodination activity in cells from dexamethasone-treated goats remained significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of controls after levamisole administration, a rebound toward base-line activity occurred.
In vitro calibration and surgical implantation of electromagnetic blood flow transducers for measurement of left coronary blood flow and cardiac output in the pony
Authors: Ward D. S. , Fessler J. F. , Bottoms G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electromagnetic flow transducers were implanted via left thoracotomy in 8 ponies (122.7 to 263.6 kg) around the main pulmonary and left main coronary arteries for continuous measurement of mean and pulsatile blood flow. Flow transducers were calibrated in vitro with a gravity flow system. The mean ± se pulmonary flow was 73.1 ± 5.1 ml/kg of body weight/min. Left coronary flow was 0.95 ± 0.07 ml/kg/min (1.3% of cardiac output) and was not believed to be an accurate measurement. This was caused by the inability to implant a zero-flow occluder, requiring the use of minimum flow during systole as zero-flow base line. However, relative changes in left coronary flow were measured. Ponies were maintained up to 5 weeks with no adverse effects. Measurement of mean pulmonary flow with chronically implanted electromagnetic flow transducers provided an accurate continuous measurement of cardiac output with a minimum of restraint.
Immunoglobulin M-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections
Authors: Westenbrink F. , Kimman T. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in cattle was developed. Monoclonal antibody to bovine IgM was used as the catching antibody. The IgM-elisa was used, as well as a brsv-specific IgG elisa to determine the kinetics of IgM and IgG antibody responses to brsv infections in cattle.
High IgM and IgG antibody titers developed after naturally occurring or induced brsv infection of calves (6 to 7 months old). Induced infection resulted in an IgM response that was first detectable at postinoculation day (pid) 11 reached a maximum at pid 13, and became undetectable again about pid 28. An IgG response also was detected by pid 11. However, a maximum response was not reached before pid 23, and titers remained high (until pid 80). In naturally occurring infection, IgM and IgG responses in calves were observed in the acute phase of epizootics of respiratory tract disease. Patterns of IgM and IgG response curves were similar to those observed in experimentally infected calves.
The involvement of brsv in an epizootic of respiratory tract disease in 8 calves (2 to 3 weeks old) was demonstrated by the detection of brsv in several lung lavage samples. All calves had existing IgG antibodies to brsv which were interpreted to be maternally derived. None of the calves responded with an increase in IgG antibody titer. However, a weak but distinct brsv IgM antibody response occurred in 6 calves.
To further evaluate the potential of the IgM elisa for diagnostic use, sera of 92 calves involved in 12 epizootics of respiratory tract disease were examined. The brsv infections had been diagnosed in 48 calves using the IgG elisa. An IgM response was detected in 59 calves, including all 48 calves determined to be positive, using IgG elisa. The brsv-specific IgM antibodies were most effectively scored in the sera collected 10 days after the onset of disease.
Fascioliasis in cattle in Louisiana: Development of a system to predict disease risk by climate, using the Thornthwaite water budget
Authors: Malone J. B. , Williams T. E. , Muller R. A. , Geaghan J. P. , Loyacano A. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A system correlating climate with the annual risk of Fascioliasis in cattle in central Louisiana was developed, using the Thornthwaite water budget and a 6-year data base that included records on herd prevalence rates, transmission to fluke-free sentinel calves, and snail population dynamics. The system developed was compared with modifications of the wet-day and Mt forecasting systems previously developed for use in the oceanic climate zone of western Europe. The wet-day system correlated poorly with transmission data, whereas the Mt and Thornthwaite water budget-derived systems correctly ranked 5 of the 6 years in terms of annual numbers of flukes transmitted to sentinel calves. Compared with the Mt system, the water budget-based system more closely correlated with transmission data, on the basis of statistical regression analysis. The water budget system was calculated by use of a microcomputer software program, and provided a means of measuring the effect of moisture stress and flooding in snail habitats that serve as foci of transmission of Fasciola hepatica to cattle on pastures.
Induction of bovine plaque-forming cells in vitro
Authors: Kaattari S. L. , Nevin B. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A culture system was developed for the in vitro inoculation of bovine splenic lymphocytes with sheep rbc and trinitrophenylated proteins. The addition of pokeweed mitogen to the cultures was necessary for the induction of plaque-forming cells to the antigen. This culture system required the use of autologous serum and the addition of mitogen.
Radiolocalization of bovine lymphosarcoma cells in athymic mice, using a monoclonal antibody against tumor-associated antigens
Authors: Aida Y. , Ochiai K. , Ito K. , Onuma M. , Fujimori F. , Fujimoto Y. , Izawa H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mouse monoclonal antibody c 143 was purified and F(ab')2 fragments were generated by pepsin digestion and then radiolabeled with 126I. The 125I-labeled c 143 F(ab')2 fragments were injected into athymic mice bearing bovine lymphoid tumor cells. The fragments became preferentially localized in tumor tissues, but not in normal tissues, as determined by differential counting of tissue radioactivity. The fragments became localized specifically in those tumors that were reactive with c 143 in vitro, but did not become localized in unrelated tumors. Localization of labeled F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody of the same isotype directed against Taka virus (a variant of Newcastle disease virus) was not observed in athymic mice bearing bovine lymphoid tumor cells. Tumors were detectable by radioimmunoscintigraphy, using radiolabeled c 143 F(ab')2 fragments, without background subtraction, and by use of silver-grain scattering in light microscopic autoradiography.