bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IODIDE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN THYROID. I. STUDIES ON NON-TOXIC NODULAR GOITRE
Authors: Niepomniszcze H. , Altschuler N. , Korob M. H. , Degrossi O. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eighteen nodules from thirteen patients with non-toxic nodular goitre were studied. The nodules were classified, according to the 131I scintiscanner, into »cold« and »warm« types. The histological diagnosis of all the glands was multinodular colloid goitre.
An enzymatic system with iodide-peroxidase activity was prepared from nodular tissue obtained by surgical thyroidectomy. The enzymatic activity was determined by spectrophotometry at 287.5 nm by measuring the formation of triiodide ion.
The group of »cold« nodules showed an average of 333 units of enzymatic activity and the »warm« nodules 940 units.
The significance of the correlation between the capacity for iodide-uptake, the iodide-peroxidase activity and the involution of the metabolic steps in the nodular goitre is discussed.
THYROXINE BINDING PROTEINS OF HUMAN SERUM AT PHYSIOLOGICAL pH
Authors: Gordon Amirav , Coutsoftides Theodore 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The binding characteristics of human TBG, TBPA and TBA of T4 and T3 were studied by agar gel electrophoresis in a variety of buffers. The highest maximal binding capacities of TBG and TBPA were found in Hank's balanced salt solution at pH 7.4. Phosphate and tris maleate ions at this pH resulted in the reduction of the thyroxine maximal binding capacity of TBG and TBPA. It was also shown that pH, ionic constitution and molarity of the system affect the distribution of tracer T4125I among the specific protein carriers. Thyroxine binding inhibitors were shown to affect TBPA, TBA and TBG at a physiological pH like the effect described at other pH levels. The relative binding potency of TBPA for thyroxine:DNP:salicylate:penicillin was in a ratio of 670:250:10:1, respectively. An attempt to deal with the binding capacity data by the Scatchard technique is described.
DETERMINATION OF URINARY PREGNANEDIOL, PREGNANETRIOL AND PREGNANETRIOLONE IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND ADULTS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Zamora E. , Plattner D. , Curtius H.-Ch. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and pregnanetriolone excretion in the urine of 50 subjects of different ages from birth to adulthood and of 5 young women during the menstrual cycle was determined by gas chromatography. In most prepubertal children, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol excretion was below 50 μg/24 h. During puberty an increase to a range from 91 to 2770 μg/h for pregnanediol and from 176 to 1900 μg/24 h for pregnanetriol was observed, but pregnanetriolone was never detected. In the second half of the menstrual cycle, the excretion of both pregnanediol and pregnanetriol was increased.
THE SECRETION, INTERCONVERSION AND CATABOLISM OF CORTISOL, CORTISONE AND SOME OF THEIR METABOLITES IN MAN
Authors: Bailey E. , West H. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Trace doses of one or more of the following radioactive steroids were given to 2 normal and 4 rheumatoid arthritic men: cortisol, cortisone, 20α-dihydrocortisol, 20β-dihydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisol. The specific activities of the given steroids and some of their unconjugated and conjugated metabolites in urine were measured. The secretion rates of cortisol and cortisone for the 2 normal men, deduced from their specific activities in urine, were found to be approximately equal and in sum approximately equal to the secretion rate of cortisol deduced from the specific activities of their conjugated metabolites.
Evidence of the speed of interconversion of cortisol and cortisone was obtained by giving [4-14C] cortisol and [1,2-3H] cortisone simultaneously to the 2 normal subjects and measuring the specific activities of the cortisol and cortisone in urine; also by measuring, in one subject, the proportion of 14C and 3H in plasma cortisol and cortisone at intervals after administration. The specific activities were similar, the plasma cortisone was approximately 50 % derived from cortisol at 30 min and the plasma cortisol 40 % derived from cortisone at 40 min.
For both the normal subjects given 14C-cortisol and 3H-cortisone the specific activities of the urinary unconjugated metabolites were consistently and markedly higher than those of the hydrolysed conjugated metabolites.
The combined secretion rate of 20α- and 20β-dihydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisol, for one normal subject, was estimated to be approximately 4 mg/24 h.
It is suggested that the findings are consistent with the hypotheses that under basal unstressed conditions, 1, cortisol and cortisone are secreted by the adrenal in approximately equal amount; 2, cortisol and cortisone are interconverted at a speed that precludes the liver from being the main site of the interconversion; 3, the major fractions of the unconjugated and conjugated cortisol and cortisone metabolites are formed at different sites.
THE EFFECT OF DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN IN VITRO ON THE FORMATION OF THE POLAR METABOLITES OF TESTOSTERONE BY RAT LIVER
Authors: Sholiton Leon J. , Werk Emile E. , MacGee Joseph 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Significant inhibition of the conversion of testosterone to polar hydroxylated derivatives can be produced in rat liver slice incubations if large enough amounts of diphenylhydantoin are added. The amount needed to produce this effect is greater in male than in female incubates. The latter under control conditions convert a greater percentage of testosterone to polar metabolites but this difference is eliminated by the addition of diphenylhydantoin at each of the three concentrations utilized in this study.
CATECHOLAMINES, RENIN AND ALDOSTERONE IN POSTURAL HYPOTENSION
Authors: Hedeland H. , Dymling J.-F. , Hökfelt B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The interrelation between catecholamines, renin and aldosterone has been studied in two patients with postural hypotension. Under basal conditions both patients presented subnormal values for urinary catecholamines and plasma renin activity. Urinary aldosterone was subnormal in one of the patients and normal in the other. Attempts to increase catecholamine production using insulin induced hypoglycaemia were ineffective in both patients. Tilting was performed in one of the patients but this did not change the urinary catecholamines whereas the plasma renin levels increased in relation to the degree of tilting in a manner known to occur in healthy subjects. In both patients the infusion of noradrenaline was accompanied by an increase in plasma renin activity.
On a sodium deficient diet both patients conserved sodium at the renal level, although the response seemed delayed in one of them. During equilibration the urinary catecholamines did not increase whereas the plasma renin and urinary aldosterone values rose in both patients; again the response seemed delayed in one patient.
Potassium chloride was administered orally to one of the patients and resulted in an increased urinary output of catecholamines and aldosterone. Our results indicate that baro- and/or osmoreceptor mechanisms can stimulate the production of renin and aldosterone adequately in response to salt restriction and tilting even in the presence of severe sympathetic insufficiency.
EFFECTS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND THEIR COMPONENTS ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN RATS
Authors: Fenichel R. L. , Purse R. M. , Alburn H. E. , Edgren R. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Treatment of adult female spayed rats with norgestrel, ethynyl oestradiol and their combination (Ovral®) at doses approximating 1 and 25 fold multiples of the human dose protected them against the combined diabetogenic influence of a glucose load and the hyperglycaemic effect of reduced insulin B-chain. Norgestrel and Ovral® appeared to be antidiabetogenic since they reversed the B-chain-induced hyperglycaemia. Various steroidal contraceptives and certain of their components failed to modify B-chain-induced hyperglycaemia in spayed rats sensitized with a high fat, high protein diet.
Normal intact female rats treated with norgestrel, ethynyl oestradiol and their combinations and given glucose tolerance tests produced glucose responses higher than those of controls, but since these groups showed recovery to or toward control blood glucose levels, insulin mobilization was apparently normal. In a second experiment, Ovral® and various contraceptive formulations failed to produce significant alterations in glucose tolerance.
None of these studies suggested a diabetogenic effect of the contraceptive steroids employed; in fact, the first study with reduced insulin B-chain suggested an anti-diabetogenic effect for Ovral®.
BIOSYNTHESE DE LA TRANSCORTINE
Authors: Guidollet Jeanine , Louisot Pierre 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Corticosteroid-binding activity (transcortin) was investigated at the subcellular level of the rat liver cell: it was located exclusively in the cell sap, and not on the ribosomes or membranes.
Oestrogens were found to increase the biological activity of this glycoprotein (corticosterone binding) in the plasma and in the cell sap. The isotopic activity of the glucidic fragments of glycoprotein (after incorporation of 14C-D-glucosamine), however, remained constant or decreased in the specific subcellular sites at which they were incorporated (membranes and cell sap). This absence of correlation between these two results is not in agreement with an induction of transcortin synthesis by oestrogens, but in favour of an activation of normally masked molecular sites.
A CASE OF XY/XXY MOSAICISM AND BILATERAL ABSENCE OF THE VAS DEFERENS
Authors: Leiba S. , Ber A. , Joshua H. , Lazebnik J. , Ben-Bassat M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of Klinefelter's syndrome with a mosaic of XY/XXY is presented. The patient's appearance was that of a normal man, with normal testis size, external genitalia and sexual hair distribution. The urinary levels of total gonadotrophins and 17-ketosteroids were within normal limits, but the spermogram showed aspermia in several analyses. The sex chromatin was negative in the blood smears but positive in the buccal smears. The chromosomal pattern of blood cultured cells was normal (46,XY) but those of the skin and testicular tissue showed a mosaic of XY/XXY type. The patient also presented bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens.
The possible correlation between the patient's chromosomal aberration and congenital agenesis of the vas deferens is discussed.
INFLUENCE OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) ON PLASMA AND URINE AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN HYPOPITUITARY DWARFS
Authors: Zachmann M 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Amino acids in the plasma and urine of 6 hypopituitary dwarfs before and after 3–5 days of human growth hormone (HGH) administration (2 mg/m2 daily) were studied. As reported previously, the concentrations of several amino acids in the plasma of untreated hypopituitary dwarfs are low. After administration of HGH certain amino acids in the plasma increased regularly (threonine, serine, glycine, methionine and others) and the overall amino acid pattern in the plasma became normal. Other amino acids did not show consistent changes. The changes in the plasma concentrations do not seem to be related to renal mechanisms, since urinary amino acids and amino acid clearances varied only little. The HGH induced increase of plasma amino acids affects different amino acids than those involved in the increase of plasma amino acids induced by puberty in the male. This suggests that HGH and testosterone have different effects on the amino acid metabolism.
STUDIES ON ACTH-BINDING ANTIBODIES: CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITIES
Authors: Aubert M. L. , Felber J.-P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In investigations on the production and the specificity of anti-ACTH antibodies used for radioimmunoassay, differences have been observed between the various antibodies obtained. It was shown by means of competitive inhibition with different ACTH fragments that the binding of the ACTH molecule to its antibody can occur at different sites along the ACTH peptide. By varying the concentrations of the fragments and the conditions of the assays, it was possible to study the properties of each antibody. Thus antibodies which bind the N-terminal portion, or which exclusively bind the biologically active part of the ACTH chain (1–20), are the most suitable for radioimmunoassay. It was found, however, that the production of antiserum was generally more frequent when binding occurred to the C-terminal portion of the ACTH peptide. Should the presence of such fragments in plasma be confirmed, then the use of these antisera could lead to erroneous measurement of biologically inactive ACTH fragments. Thus, this study reveals that a selection of the antibody for specificity might be necessary for its application to the radioimmunoassay of plasma ACTH, and that this selection could be performed with the use of ACTH fragments. An approach to the problem of binding sites between antigen and antibody has been described and the possibility of introducing a radioimmunoassay for plasma ACTH fragments discussed.
ETHANOL AND THE INHIBITION OF OXYTOCIN RELEASE IN LACTATING RATS
Authors: Fuchs Anna-Riitta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of ethanol on the release of oxytocin in the rat was studied using suckling as the oxytocin releasing stimulus. Milk removal on 30 min suckling by a litter of 8 after 18 h separation from the mother on postpartum day 13–16 was used as a parameter of oxytocin liberation. Under these conditions 25 mU intravenously injected oxytocin permitted normal milk removal in anaesthetized rats, whereas after injection of 10 mU oxytocin only about half of the normal milk yield was obtained. Ethanol in doses varying from 1.0 to 5.0 g/kg was injected intraperitoneally into the dam as 10 to 20 % solution in saline 30 to 60 min before nursing commenced and the milk yield was compared with saline injected control rats. At the dose level of 1.0 g/kg ethanol had no effect on milk removal but 2.0 g/kg caused a significant reduction to about 60 % of normal, and with higher doses a further reduction of the milk yield occurred. At 3.5 g/kg about 14% of normal milk yield was obtained, and at 5.0 g/kg a complete inhibition of milk ejection was observed. Oxytocin administration permitted normal milk removal in all ethanol treated rats indicating that there was no peripheral effect on the mammary gland. The experiments suggest that ethanol inhibits oxytocin release also in the rat.
DIABETES INSIPIDUS – THE COMPLEXITY OF THE SYNDROME
Authors: Richards M. A. , Sloper J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It is suggested that in diabetes insipidus the possibility should be entertained of simultaneous disturbances in several of the systems concerned with water conservation. Criteria for the analysis of the syndrome are redefined.
To illustrate the complexity of the syndrome, five cases are reported in the dog, among the first thus defined to be extensively investigated in any species both in life and at necropsy.
In one, the syndrome was ascribed primarily to hypothalamo-neurohypophysial inadequacy associated with inflammatory atrophy of the secretory system, and in the second primarily to vasopressin resistance associated with renal medullary fibrosis.
In three cases, the response to exogenous and endogenous vasopressin was inconsistent with a primary neurohypophysial or renal abnormality. In all, there was evidence of a hepatic dysfunction, recovery from which in one case was associated with a remission of the diabetic symptoms. Of a number of possible contributory factors, including vasopressin-resistance, primary polydipsia and excessive vasopressin inactivation, the last seemed probably the most important.
COMPARATIVE ACTION OF VARIOUS OESTROGENIC COMPOUNDS ON MOUSE VAGINAL SIALIC ACIDS (II)
Authors: Carlborg Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestrogens administered in lower doses than necessary to induce full cornification of the mouse vagina induce mucification. It was shown previously that the degree of mucification could be estimated by quantitative determination of sialic acids. A suitable parameter for oestrogen assay was the measurement of vaginal sialic acid concentration which exhibited a clear cut dose response curve. Eleven assays of various oestrogens were performed with this method. Their estimated relative potencies were in good agreement with other routine oestrogen assays. A statistically sufficient degree of precision was found. The sensitivity was of the same order, or slightly higher, than the Allen-Doisy test.
THE EFFECT OF NEONATAL TREATMENT WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL OR TESTOSTERONE ON THE BINDING OF 17β-OESTRADIOL BY MOUSE UTERUS AND VAGINA
Authors: Terenius Lars , Meyerson Bengt J. , Palis Asta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Female mice were treated neonatally with 17β-oestradiol or testosterone. When adult, almost all treated animals showed persistently cornified vaginal smears. After ovariectomy, some vaginae remained in persistent cornification.
Two weeks after the ovariectomy, the animals were killed and their uteri and vaginae incubated with radioactive 17β-oestradiol. Irrespective of treatment, vaginae in ovary-independent persistent cornification had a significantly impaired binding capacity for 17β-oestradiol. Testosterone treatment was more effective in this respect. On the other hand, the binding of radioactive 17β-oestradiol to the uterus was slightly reduced by 17β-oestradiol, but not by testosterone treatment.
PITUITARY AND OVARIAN FUNCTION IN WOMEN ON CONTINUOUS LOW DOSE PROGESTOGENS; EFFECT OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE AND NORETHISTERONE
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Goebelsmann U. , Johannisson E. , Tillinger K.-G. , Wide L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chlormadinone acetate (6-chloro-17α-hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dion-17-acetate; hereafter CAP = chloro-acetoxy-progesterone) was administered continuously in daily oral doses of 0.5 mg to three normally menstruating women and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2), oestriol (OE3) and pregnanediol (5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol; hereafter P-diol) was studied. Forty-eight hour specimens were analyzed during a pretreatment cycle, the first and fourth CAP cycles and the first posttreatment cycle.
Considerable individual variations were found in all parameters studied. In addition, significant differences were observed in the response of the same subjects to the first and to the fourth course of CAP. A well defined midcycle LH-peak was found in all pretreatment cycles. The administration of CAP abolished the midcycle LH peak in 5 of the 6 treatment courses studied; the »ovulatory« LH peak re-appeared in all subjects during the first posttreatment cycle. The oestrogen and P-diol excretion patterns were often inconsistent with the LH pattern; on several occasions a distinct »ovulatory« oestrogen or P-diol pattern was found in the absence of any midcycle LH peak. Such a P-diol pattern was accompanied by an elevated basal body temperature.
A similar study was conducted in two normally menstruating women, before and during the continuous administration of a low dose (0.1 mg/d) of oestrogen-free norethisterone (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one; hereafter NET), followed by a course of a high dose (2.5 mg/d) of NET. The inhibitory effect of NET on LH excretion was less marked than that of CAP. The oestrogen excretion remained rather high. In only one of the two subjects did the administration of 0.1 mg of NET abolish the »ovulatory« P-diol pattern. Elevated P-diol values were not found during the administration of 2.5 mg of NET. The correlation between »ovulatory« LH- and P-diol patterns was rather poor.
The data indicate that the continuous administration of low doses of CAP interferes only slightly with oestrogen excretion, but has a marked effect on the midcycle LH-peak.
It is concluded that the assertion of ovulation inhibition on the basis of urinary LH- and steroid excretion studies may be associated with major uncertainties. Also, it seems that for a better understanding of the mechanism of contraceptive action of low level progestogens more information is required on the minimal amounts of urinary LH and P-diol, which are still compatible with a normal ovulation and corpus luteum function.
SIALIC ACID CONTENT AND SPERM PENETRATION OF CERVICAL MUCUS IN RELATION TO TOTAL URINARY OESTROGEN EXCRETION AND PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN OVULATORY WOMEN
Authors: Carlborg Lars , Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily measurements of sialic acid content and sperm penetration into the cervical mucus were related to the total urinary oestrogen excretion and plasma progesterone levels during one ovulatory cycle in six regularly menstruating women. In four women of known fertility and in one normally menstruating woman the peak in sperm penetration and the dip in sialic acid content occurred almost simultaneously with the ovulatory oestrogen peak in urine and preceded the probable day of ovulation by one day. In one woman who was barren for several years the steroid patterns were normal but the peak in sperm penetration and the dip in sialic acid content occurred one day after ovulation. The possible significance of this observation and other data are discussed.
DETERMINATION OF SPERM MIGRATION RATE IN SMALL SAMPLES OF CERVICAL MUCUS
Authors: Carlborg Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A capillary method for the assessment of the migration rate of normal sperm in small samples of human cervical mucus (CXM) has been evaluated. The following results have been obtained:
Sperm migrated at a constant rate in the CXM. Measurement of sperm migration after 5 minutes correlated well with measurements made after longer intervals.
The coefficient of variation varied between 3.3 and 26.8 %, higher values being obtained in samples with a low sperm penetration.
Different sperm samples migrated in the same sample of CXM at a similar rate.
Dilution of a sperm sample of good motility to 1 million/ml did not affect the readings.
Tests performed at room temperature gave the same results as those performed at 37°C.
Capillary size was not of crucial importance.
Freezing of a sample to −23°C was possible for one week. Longer periods of storage interfered with sperm penetration.
The migration rate of the most advanced sperm did not differ from that of less advanced sperm.
SUSTAINED RELEASE HORMONAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Benagiano G. , Ermini M. , Chang C. C. , Sundaram K. , Kind Fred A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Determination of radioactivity in urine and faeces was used to monitor absorption of labelled 6-methyl-17α-acetoxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione from polydimethylsiloxane implants. Based on previously determined in vitro diffusion rates, mean absorption was 60% in hamsters, 80% in rabbits, and 85% in rats during the first month after implantation. Thereafter, excretion of radioactive material has slowly decreased. After six months, the rate declined to 40% of the original value.