bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How children from disadvantaged areas keep safe
Authors: Turner Katrina M. , Hill Malcolm , Stafford Anne , Walker Moira 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper sets out to describe how children from disadvantaged areas perceive their communities and actively negotiate threats in their lives.Design/methodology/approachA total of 60 interviews and 16 discussions groups were held with 8 to 14‐year‐olds sampled from four deprived communities located in the West of Scotland. Participants were asked about their local area and how they kept safe. Data were coded thematically and area, age and gender differences examined.FindingsChildren mentioned both positive and negative aspects of their local area. Positive elements primarily related to being near friends and important adults. The negatives were linked to local youth gangs, adults, litter and graffiti, traffic, and drug and alcohol misuse. Participants used both preventive and reactive strategies to keep safe.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the strategies used to sample areas and participants, the extent to which findings can be generalised is limited. Thus, the study should be repeated on a larger scale, with areas and participants being randomly sampled.Practical implicationsThe article will enable practitioners and policy makers concerned with the wellbeing and safety of young people in deprived areas to frame interventions that are in line with children's own concerns and preferred means for dealing with challenges.Originality/valueThe paper provides fresh insights into how children from deprived areas perceive their communities and deal with the risks and tensions they face. It highlights the subtle balancing involved in peer relationships that are central to both support and threats in children's everyday lives.
Family and school influences on adolescent smoking behaviour
Authors: Wiium Nora , Wold Bente 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how influences at home and school interact to predict smoking among adolescents.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 15‐year‐old pupils from Norway (n=1,404 in 73 Grade 10 school classes). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to determine how family and school influences interact to predict adolescent smoking behaviour.FindingsA total of 14 schools strictly enforced the ban on smoking among pupils, and 60 schools strictly enforced existing restrictions on teachers' smoking. Pupils from all schools were exposed to smoking by both their families and teachers. Although the main effects of school enforcement and family smoking were not associated with adolescent smoking behaviour, a cross‐level interaction term between these variables was significantly associated with school level variation in regular smoking (odds ratio [OR] 5.57, 95 percent confidence interval 1.47‐21.12). Individual rather than school's perception of exposure to teachers' smoking, and parental norms were associated with adolescent smoking behaviour, irrespective of the school's level of enforcement.Practical implicationsThe effect of school smoking restrictions seems to be dependent on smoking norms at home. Thus, in addition to school‐based anti‐smoking policies, those directed at parents are needed as well.Originality/valueThe present study used a multilevel statistical approach to study the association between the independent factors and adolescent smoking behaviour, an approach that takes into account the cluster effect in hierarchically structured data. The use of this approach is important in studies that involve data with hierarchies as a means to avoid false conclusions.
The impact of health communication on health‐related decision making
Authors: Vahabi Mandana 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review evidence related to the factors that influence people's understanding of health information and how miscommunication of health information can jeopardize people's health.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted of English language articles, cited in major literature databases from the last 40 years, which describe factors related to comprehension of health information. A total of 93 articles were included.FindingsThe paper finds that health communication should take into consideration the role of the following factors on the processing and interpretation of health information: health literacy, format presentation of information, and human cognitive biases and affective/personal influences.Practical implicationsHealth communication is a major component of health care. Every health care encounter involves exchange of information, which is intended to enhance people's knowledge in order to assist them to make an informed decision about their health care. However, the mere act of providing information does not guarantee comprehension. People's comprehension of information depends on several factors, including health literacy and numeracy skills, the format presentation of health information and human cognitive biases in the information processing and interpretation. Ineffective health communication can result in a wide range of direct and indirect health consequences including failure to understand and comply with treatment, poorer health status, increased risk of injuries, increased hospitalization, and decreased use of preventive services.Originality/valueThis paper provides health professionals and educators with an overview of important issues related to health communication and highlights strategies that facilitate effective communication to help people to make informed decisions about their health care.
Systematic review of the role of external contributors in school substance use education
Authors: Buckley Emily J. , White David G. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeA literature review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of external contributors (anyone other than a teacher at the school) in delivering school‐based drug, alcohol and tobacco education (substance use education) programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe review focused upon literature published from 1990 onwards in English. Published reports were identified via electronic searches, supplemented by hand searching of relevant journals. Relevant organisations and individuals were contacted to identify low circulation, difficult to acquire (grey) literature. Judgements were made of methodological quality and only reports judged to be methodologically sound or better are included in this paper.FindingsA total of 114 reports were included in the review (53 published, 61 unpublished), 42 of which were considered methodologically sound. In total 16 types of contributor were evaluated (although only nine in methodologically sound studies) including nurses, police officers, theatre groups, peers and researchers. There was insufficient evidence to judge a particular type of contributor as most effective at delivering substance use education programmes in terms of behavioural, knowledge, intention or mediating outcome measures, although peers show promise. However, process data revealed that pupils enjoy content delivered by external contributors, which is important, as pupils are more likely to attend to information that is enjoyable.Practical implicationsThe paper finds that external contributors should be used in a supplementary role in substance use education in a manner reflecting their expertise, when that expertise maps onto the aims and content of the drug education planned by the school.Originality/valueWith over 80 percent of schools in the USA and the UK using external contributors to deliver substance use education, this paper highlights best practice guidance for their use.
The relationship between college class and cigarette smoking
Authors: Leppel Karen 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relation between college class and cigarette‐smoking behavior in the USA.Design/methodology/approachNational College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) data were employed. Five binary and two cumulative logit equations are estimated to explore the impact of college class on: having ever tried smoking cigarettes; having smoked in the past 30 days; having ever smoked on a daily basis; whether the student currently smoked daily; whether the student had quit entirely, that is, had not smoked for the past 30 days; the number of days smoked per month; and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.FindingsThe paper finds that second‐year students were more likely than other undergraduates to be current cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, first‐ and second‐year students smoked the most days per month and second‐year students smoked the most cigarettes per day. Of students who had ever smoked on a daily basis, third‐year students were least likely to have quit and fourth‐year students were most likely.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows that since the NCHRBS was conducted only in 1995, there is no follow‐up data to determine whether the patterns have continued. It is also more difficult to disentangle college class effects from cohort and period effects.Originality/valueThis paper shows heterogeneity in college smoking and encourages efforts to better target anti‐smoking activities for greater effectiveness.
Identifying Russian and Finnish adolescents' problem behaviours
Authors: Kemppainen Ulla , Tossavainen Kerttu , Vartiainen Erkki , Puska Pekka , Jokela Veikko , Pantelejev Vladimir , Uhanov Mihail 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to show that a syndrome of problem behaviours, i.e. early substance abuse, school and family problems and sexual promiscuity impairs normal development in adolescence. This comparative study looked for differences in the problem behaviour profiles of 15‐year‐old adolescents in the Pitkäranta district in Russia and in eastern Finland, in order to develop more effective strategies for adolescents' health promotion.Design/methodology/approachData from the Russian Pitkäranta Youth Study (n=385) and the Finnish North Karelia Youth Study (n=2098) were used. A K‐means clustering algorithm was used to identify homogenous groups of adolescents based on variation in selected health behaviour variables.FindingsThe paper finds that four different profiles including the variables of current smoking, first smoking experiments, first drinking experiments, experiences of drunkenness and sexual experiences were identified. The identified profiles, titled “Non‐ or late experimenters”, “Middle experimenters”, “Early experimenters” and “Child experimenters”, were found to be distinct across gender, country and other external variables. Adolescents more often in Pitkäranta than in eastern Finland belonged to “Non‐ or late experimenters” of minimal risk‐taking behaviours. Unhealthy dietary habits, use of illegal drugs, psychosomatic disorders and problems with parents were more common among “Early experimenters” and Child experimenters”. These findings added to the evidence of grouping of problem behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows that there is a need to develop and implement tailored and coordinated health promotion programs for specific target groups of adolescents. Obviously, adolescents with a high level of risk‐taking behaviours would benefit from programs that acknowledge their cultural expectations in their everyday life contexts.Practical implicationsThis paper describes a cross‐sectional comparison of health surveys among adolescents in two countries. It will be interesting to carry out a follow‐up survey in, for example, ten years to see how health issues have changed, especially among Russian adolescents, of whom there is not much research available.Originality/valueCluster analysis was a useful method in identifying adolescents' problem behaviours in a cross‐cultural study.
Managers become leaders at NDS
Authors: Landale Anthony 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at how an integrated program of formal learning, coaching, business mentoring and project work is delivering results for a television solutions company, NDS.Design/methodology/approachPresents the comments of Philippa Davidson, human resources (HR) director at NDS, and Peter Ferrigno, NDS vice‐president of communications and HR, plus the viewpoint of R&A training consultancy, which has sought to develop a program that inspires people and ensures real performance improvement.FindingsDescribes the key elements of the program as: four training modules spread over six to eight months, to awaken participants to their leadership potential and provide creative training around teaming, negotiation, decision‐making and leadership coaching; executive one‐to‐one coaching input for every participant between the modules, to help them to address issues particular to their development or working circumstances; mentoring for every participant from senior managers selected from outside their own area of activity; and a work‐based project as an integral part of the program which has to be presented to the participants' mentors and senior managers on the final module. Argues that the dovetailing of the one‐to‐one coaching and project work with the formal learning is critical.Practical implicationsDemonstrates that organizations that wish to awaken management talent should not rely solely on training: it is the wraparound activities of mentoring, coaching and project delivery that ensure the learning is transferred into the workplace.Originality/valueProvides a useful case study of a modular leadership‐development program that has delivered improved results.
With Telecom New Zealand rings the changes to connect with Asian customers
Authors: Pio Edwina , Kwan Adrian 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article discusses the process of incorporating ethnic people in organizations to enhance business goals and the company's reputation for internationalism.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the setting up and sustaining of the Asian Customer Care Centre of Telecom New Zealand.FindingsContends that incorporating ethnic‐minority individuals into the economic and social fabric of a nation is often seen as problematic, yet Telecom New Zealand is a testimony to playing the right ethnic cards for enhancing its reputation and achieving its business goals.Practical implicationsProvides insights into the Asian mindset and practical routes for achieving internationalism.Originality/valueEncourages executives to experiment with innovative ways to encompass ethnic minorities to achieve business goals and strengthen the social fabric of a country.
WSP forges teamwork and leadership in rural South Africa
Authors: Reese Andrew 
Published: January 2007

PurposeFocuses on how WSP Environmental is using real‐world community projects to combat the challenges of knowledge sharing, and to develop improved virtual teamwork, cross‐cultural communication and ambassadorial leadership.Design/methodology/approachDescribes how a team of ten nationalities from eight offices was charged with providing a shelter to facilitate the work of a local non‐governmental organization in caring for HIV orphans in a rural community in Limpopo province, South Africa, where 50 percent of people are unemployed and around 30 percent live below poverty level, and where everyone is either affected or infected by HIV.FindingsDemonstrates that team members were successfully united by this common and worthwhile achievement. One key aspect for their continued success was agreeing a charter for ways of working virtually, and ensuring that this charter was maintained.Practical implicationsShows how WSP used the project to benefit a community and to address key business challenges.Originality/valueRecords that staff turnover has remained at zero up to 18 months after the completion of the community project.
Someone to talk to when it's tough at the top
Authors: Bishop Nigel 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article argues that business needs to look again at offering the support and assistance directors require.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the case of a successful operations director in a large electronics company who could be considered a strong candidate for managing director of a new division the company is creating. But there is a rival for the job in the form of an established sales director in the company. Moreover, the chief executive has decided that, rather than be up‐front about the situation, he will let the two candidates fight it out. Highlights the advice and support the operations director has received through the BrainXchange.FindingsContends that asking for help in a business setting can sometimes be seen as being weak or not knowing your job as well as you should. Yet the problems that confront director‐level staff are often far from straightforward. Moreover, the sensitivity and confidential nature of the issues that director‐level staff must deal with mean that they often must solve the problem alone. Outlines an alternative way to help directors to achieve the results every business expects.Practical implicationsPuts forward an interesting solution to the problem of how best to advise and support people at the top of the organization.Originality/valueArgues that many businesses worth their salt recognize that junior staff need mentoring and training. But just because a person goes up the career ladder does not mean that he or she should not continue to be offered help.
HEdPERF versus SERVPERF
Authors: Abdullah Firdaus 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically test a new industry‐specific scale, HEdPERF (Higher Education PERFormance) to capture the authentic determinants of service quality within higher education sector.Design/methodology/approachThe primary goal of this research was to test and compare the relative efficacy of HEdPERF against SERVPERF in order to determine which instrument had the superior measuring capability.FindingsIn terms of unidimensionality, reliability, and validity, HEdPERF explained variance within the higher education setting better in comparison to SERVPERF.Research limitations/implicationsSince this study only examined the respective utilities of each instrument within a single industry, in only one national setting, any suggestion that the HEdPERF is generally superior would still be premature.Practical implicationsThe current findings do provide some important insights into how the instruments of service quality compare with one another, in a typical higher education context.Originality/valueAn attempt is made in the paper, to develop critical insights into comparative evaluation of service quality measurement instruments.
The difficulty in implementing TQM in higher education instruction
Authors: Meirovich Gavriel , Romar Edward J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe applicability of total quality management (TQM) to higher education instruction is controversial. The purpose of this paper is to help clarify the application of TQM to higher education instruction by identifying and analyzing the dual roles played by both students and instructors. The authors also offer an improvement to the instructor evaluation process designed to eliminate some of the negative effects of the duality of roles.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper discussing some of the shortcomings in previous discussions of the applicability of TQM to higher education instruction. In addition, it introduces the concept of the dual roles of students (customers/grade‐seekers) and faculty (suppliers/retention‐seekers), and analyzes their relationship to, and effect on, the evaluation of the educational process through the interaction of these dual roles.Practical implicationsThis paper helps understand more fully the student/instructor roles and will contribute to a better understanding of the applicability of TQM to higher education. It offers a methodology to enhance the faculty evaluation process as a measure of instructional quality and offers actions that will strengthen the knowledge‐seeking motivation of students.Originality/valueThis paper offers a more thorough analysis of the roles of students and faculty than previous discussions of the TQM in higher education. The value of this paper is the identification of two pairs of contradictory roles played by both participants in the instruction process which complicates an understanding of the concept of quality and applicability of TQM to higher education.
“Serving time”: the relationship of good and bad teaching
Authors: Jackson Michael 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe argument is that good and bad teaching are asymmetrical. Eradicating what is readily thought of as bad teaching does not leave behind the purse gold of good teaching. Good teaching is that which promotes student learning. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between bad teaching and good teaching in graduate memoriesDesign/methodology/approachThe study is based in part on a survey of graduates from an earlier generation filtered through current theories of student approaches to learning.FindingsGraduates reflecting on their education describe good teaching and bad teaching in significantly different registers. There is almost no overlap in the vocabulary with which they describe the two.Originality/valueGraduates are a source of insight into the nature and value of quality education. The study offers some information about how articulate graduates think about their education 25 years later. Despite the years of public debate in Australia about higher education, this is one of the very few instances in which graduates have been invited to reflect on and speak about their experience as students.
BI and ERP integration
Authors: Chou David C. , Bindu Tripuramallu Hima , Chou Amy Y. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to propose a business intelligence (BI) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) integrated framework that adds value to enterprise systems.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach is taken.FindingsERP systems integrate all facets of the business and make data available in real time. BI tools are capable of accessing data directly from ERP modules.Originality/valueThe value‐added system proposed allows enterprise‐wide transaction data to be collected and analyzed for organizational decision‐making processes.
Optimized multi‐party certified email protocols
Authors: Zhou Jianying , Onieva Jose , Lopez Javier 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAs a value‐added service to deliver important data over the internet with guaranteed receipt for each successful delivery, certified email has been discussed for years and a number of research papers appeared in the literature. This paper aims to present two optimized multi‐party certified email protocols.Design/methodology/approachReviews two existing email protocols and provides a modified version to overcome their security flaws and weaknesses. Extends the two‐party protocol to a multi‐party scenario.FindingsBoth of the protocols have three major features. A sender could notify multiple recipients of the same information while only those recipients who acknowledged are able to get the information. Both the sender and the recipients can end a protocol run at any time without breach of fairness. The exchange protocols are optimized, each of which has only three steps, and the trusted third party will not be involved unless an exception (e.g. a network failure or a party's misbehavior) occurs.Originality/valueProvides a focus on a value‐added service – certified email.