bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Intervention Strategies to Increase Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Time in Secondary School Settings, Including Factors Related to Implementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Contardo Ayala Ana María , Parker Kate , Mazzoli Emiliano , Lander Natalie , Ridgers Nicola D. , Timperio Anna , Lubans David R. , Abbott Gavin , Koorts Harriet , Salmon Jo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Globally, just one in five adolescents meet physical activity guidelines and three-quarters of the school day is spent sitting. It is unclear which types of school-based interventions strategies increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time among adolescents, or how these interventions are implemented influences their effectiveness.

Objective
The three aims of our systematic review were to (a) identify intervention strategies used within secondary school settings to improve students’ movement behaviours throughout school-based initiatives, delivered at or by the school; (b) determine the overall effect of the interventions (meta-analysis) on physical activity (all intensities), sedentary time, cognitive/academic, physical health and/or psychological outcomes; and (c) describe factors related to intervention implementation.

Methods
Searches were conducted in MEDLINE complete, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, and ERIC in January 2023 for studies that (a) included high school-aged adolescents; (b) involved a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and/or decrease sedentary time; and (c) were published in English. Reported effects were pooled in meta-analyses where sufficient data were obtained.

Results
Eighty-five articles, representing 61 interventions, met the inclusion criteria, with 23 unique intervention strategies used. Interventions that involved whole-school approaches (i.e., physical activity sessions, environmental modifications, teacher training, peer support and/or educational resources) were favourably associated with most of the outcomes. The meta-analyses showed: (a) non-significant effects for sedentary time (Standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.02; 95%CI, -0.14, 0.11), physical activity at all intensities (light: SMD= -0.01; 95%CI, -0.08, 0.05; moderate: SMD = 0.06; 95%CI, -0.09, 0.22; vigorous: SMD = 0.08; 95%CI, -0.02, 0.18; moderate-to-vigorous: SMD = 0.05; 95%CI, -0.01, 0.12) and waist circumference (SMD = 0.09; 95%CI, -0.03, 0.21), and (b) a small statistically significant decrease in body mass index (SMD= -0.09, 95%CI -0.16, -0.0). Factors related to intervention implementation were reported in 51% of the articles.

Conclusion
While some intervention approaches demonstrated promise, small or null effects were found in meta-analyses. Future school-based interventions should utilize a whole-school approach designed to increase adolescents’ activity across the day. Consistent reporting of implementation will increase understanding of how interventions are adopted, implemented and sustained.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42020169988).
Repeatability of deuterium metabolic imaging of healthy volunteers at 3 T
Authors: Bøgh Nikolaj , Vaeggemose Michael , Schulte Rolf F. , Hansen Esben S S , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of deuterated glucose, termed deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI), is emerging as a biomarker of pathway-specific glucose metabolism in tumors. DMI is being studied as a useful marker of treatment response in a scan-rescan scenario. This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of brain DMI.

Methods
A repeatability study was performed in healthy volunteers from December 2022 to March 2023. The participants consumed 75 g of [6,6′­2H2]glucose. The delivery of 2H-glucose to the brain and its conversion to 2H-glutamine + glutamate, 2H-lactate, and 2H-water DMI was imaged at baseline and at 30, 70, and 120 min. DMI was performed using MR spectroscopic imaging on a 3-T system equipped with a 1H/2H-tuned head coil. Coefficients of variation (CoV) were computed for estimation of repeatability and between-subject variability. In a set of exploratory analyses, the variability effects of region, processing, and normalization were estimated.

Results
Six male participants were recruited, aged 34 ± 6.5 years (mean ± standard deviation). There was 42 ± 2.7 days between sessions. Whole-brain levels of glutamine + glutamate, lactate, and glucose increased to 3.22 ± 0.4 mM, 1.55 ± 0.3 mM, and 3 ± 0.7 mM, respectively. The best signal-to-noise ratio and repeatability was obtained at the 120-min timepoint. Here, the within-subject whole-brain CoVs were -10% for all metabolites, while the between-subject CoVs were -20%.

Conclusions
DMI of glucose and its downstream metabolites is feasible and repeatable on a clinical 3 T system.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05402566, registered the 25th of May 2022.

Relevance statement
Brain deuterium metabolic imaging of healthy volunteers is repeatable and feasible at clinical field strengths, enabling the study of shifts in tumor metabolism associated with treatment response.

Key points
• Deuterium metabolic imaging is an emerging tumor biomarker with unknown repeatability.
• The repeatability of deuterium metabolic imaging is on par with FDG-PET.
• The study of deuterium metabolic imaging in clinical populations is feasible.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of MRI acquisition parameters on accuracy and precision of phase-contrast measurements in a small-lumen vessel phantom
Authors: Correia de Verdier Maria , Berglund Johan , Wikström Johan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) quantifies blood flow and velocity noninvasively. Challenges arise in neurovascular disorders due to small vessels. We evaluated the impact of voxel size, number of signal averages (NSA), and velocity encoding (VENC) on PC-MRI measurement accuracy and precision in a small-lumen vessel phantom.

Methods
We constructed an in vitro model with a constant flow rate using a 2.2-mm inner diameter plastic tube. A reservoir with a weight scale and timer was used as standard reference. Gradient-echo T1 weighted PC-MRI sequence was performed on a 3-T scanner with varying voxel size (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mm3), NSA (1, 2, 3), and VENC (200, 300, 400 cm/s). We repeated measurements nine times per setting, calculating mean flow rate, maximum velocity, and least detectable difference (LDD).

Results
PC-MRI flow measurements were higher than standard reference values (mean ranging from 7.3 to 9.5 mL/s compared with 6.6 mL/s). Decreased voxel size improved accuracy, reducing flow rate measurements from 9.5 to 7.3 mL/s. The LDD for flow rate and velocity varied between 1 and 5%. The LDD for flow rate decreased with increased voxel size and NSA (p = 0.033 and 0.042). The LDD for velocity decreased with increased voxel size (p < 10-16). No change was observed when VENC varied.

Conclusions
PC-MRI overestimated flow. However, it has high precision in a small-vessel phantom with constant flow rate. Improved accuracy was obtained with increasing spatial resolution (smaller voxels). Improved precision was obtained with increasing signal-to-noise ratio (larger voxels and/or higher NSA).

Relevance statement
Phase-contrast MRI is clinically used in large vessels. To further investigate the possibility of using phase-contrast MRI for smaller intracranial vessels in neurovascular disorders, we need to understand how acquisition parameters affect phase-contrast MRI-measured flow rate and velocity in small vessels.

Key points
• PC-MRI measures flow and velocity in a small lumen phantom with high precision but overestimates flow rate.
• The precision of PC-MRI measurements matches the precision of standard reference for flow rate measurements.
• Optimizing PC-MRI settings can enhance accuracy and precision in flow rate and velocity measurements.

Graphical Abstract
Renewable, natural, traditional dish wash cleaning materials used in India: an overview
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
India has been using natural, renewable resources for dishwashing and cleaning since pre-Harappan times, which speak to the country’s rich biodiversity and long standing traditions of health and hygiene. The current review focuses on several Indian traditional dish wash materials that are categorized according to their mechanism of action as scrubbers and scrappers, abrasives, degreasers, deodorizers and saponin biosurfactant dish wash cleaning materials.

Main body of the abstract
Scrubbers and scrappers include rice straw, bagasse, coconut coir, coconut brooms, jute and agave fibers, luffa, etc. Soil, clay, sand, crystal salt, lime, rice husk, bran, starch, ash (wood, dung, husk), charcoal, biochar, and other materials are examples of abrasives. Materials that contain organic acids, such as citrus, mango, gooseberry, tamarind, tomato fruits, are used as degreasers. On the other hand, Citrus peels, drumstick seeds, sour butter milk, etc., come under deodorizers. The saponin biosurfactant rich fruits and seeds of soapnuts, soap pod, green gram, Bengal gram, bitter Albizia, etc., function as surface active agents. A few of them use multiple mechanisms to clean the vessels. They are used in many forms (solid, powder, liquid, paste, sponge, fiber, scrub, broom) and obtained from a variety of plant plants (leaf, bark, stem, fruit, seed) as well as the earth’s crust.

Short conclusion
Compared to commercial, manmade surfactants, natural organic and biosurfactant cleaners have several major advantages over synthetic ones, such as their natural availability, affordability, renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, minimal environmental and human toxicity, hypo-human allergenicity and multifaceted biological activities. They are free from preservatives and carcinogenic byproducts, free from phosphate-induced eutrophication and sustainable in terms of local resource use, fossil fuel independence and low carbon footprint production. In addition to kitchen utensil cleaning, few of them are utilized for their myriad of functionalities such as jewelry polisher, face mask, bathing soap, hair cleanser, hair conditioner and washing detergent. The use of renewable and natural cleaning materials aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 6, Goal 9, Goal 12, Goal 13, Goal 14 and Goal 15.
Dietary carbohydrate sources differently prime the microbial ecosystem but not the epithelial gene expression profile along the complete gut of young calves
Authors: Hartinger Thomas , Pacífico Cátia , Sener-Aydemir Arife , Poier Gregor , Kreuzer-Redmer Susanne , Terler Georg , Klevenhusen Fenja , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent data indicated similar growth performance of young calves fed solely high-quality hay instead of a starter diet based on starchy ingredients. Yet, providing exclusively such distinct carbohydrate sources during early life might specifically prime the microbiota and gene expression along the gut of young calves, which remains to be explored. We investigated the effects of starter diets differing in carbohydrate composition, that is medium- or high-quality hay and without or with 70% concentrate supplementation (on fresh matter basis), across the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of weaned Holstein calves (100 ± 4 days of age) using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and analyses of short-chain fatty acids and host epithelial gene expressions.

Results
The concentrate supplementation drastically decreased microbial diversity throughout the gut, which was also true to a much lesser extent for high-quality hay when compared to medium-quality hay in the foregut. Similarly, the factor concentrate strongly shaped the diet-associated common core microbiota, which was substantially more uniform along the gut with concentrate supplementation. The fermentation profile shifted towards less acetate but more propionate with concentrate supplementation in almost all gut sections, corresponding with higher abundances of starch-utilizing bacteria, while major fibrolytic clusters declined. Noteworthy, the n-butyrate proportion decreased in the rumen and increased in the colon with concentrate, showing an opposite, gut site-dependent effect. Both dietary factors modestly influenced the host epithelial gene expression.

Conclusions
Concentrate supplementation clearly primed the microbial ecosystem on a starch-targeted fermentation with characteristic genera occupying this niche along the entire GIT of calves, whereas the microbial differentiation due to hay quality was less distinct. Overall, changes in the microbial ecosystem were only marginally reflected in the targeted transcriptional profile of the host epithelium.
Vortex model of plane turbulent air flows in channels
Authors: Mironov Victor L. , Mironov Sergey V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a theoretical model of plane turbulent flows based on the previously proposed equations, which take into account both the longitudinal motion and the vortex tube rotation. Using the simple model of eddy viscosity, we obtain the analytical expressions for the mean velocity profiles of stationary turbulent flows. In particular, we consider the near-wall flow over a flat plate in a wind tunnel as well as Couette and Poiseuille flows in rectangular channels. In all these cases, the calculated velocity profiles are in good agreement with experimental data and results of direct numerical simulations.
Genetic factors and the role of pancreatic amylase in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abdulkareem Mutiat A. , Owolabi Bunmi A. , Saheed Emmanuel S. , Aromolaran Remilekun F. , Bashiru Rukayat M. , Jumah Toheeb A. , Chijioke Doris U. , Amaechi Onyinyechi J. , Adeleke Fehintoluwa C. , Charles Omiyale O. , Oluokun Tunde S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis review article gives an insight into the genetic factors and the role of pancreatic amylase in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes is a non-communicable, multifactorial, heritable, complex, and irreversible disease of public health burden with a global prevalence rate of 6.28%, about 6% in sub-Saharan Africa, and 1.7% in Nigeria. T2D is recognized as the ninth leading cause of mortality worldwide. This disease is yet to be diagnosed in a significant number of people who live with it in underdeveloped and developing countries like Nigeria due to the lack of free or subsidized access to health care, especially medical checkups, inadequate health facilities, government policies, and negligence. Consequently, undiagnosed cases of T2D have contributed to the prevalence of this disease and its comorbidities -hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Obesity, age, race and ethnicity, inactivity, family history, underlying illness, and unhealthy diets are prominent undisputable predisposing factors of T2D. Pancreatic amylase is a type of amylase produced in the pancreas, known to hydrolyze starch and prone to mutations, but most of the genetic components, causative polymorphisms, and affected genes are yet unknown. Even as insulin secretion is found to be influenced by the loci, the causation of T2D cannot be inferred. Pancreatic amylase was observed to be the most relevant digestive enzyme, whose role is to bind to glycoprotein N-glycan to activate starch digestion. In a malfunctioning pancreas, little or no insulin is generated to keep the blood glucose at an appropriate level, thereby resulting in T2D.
Hand grips strength in athletic and non-athletic girls at different phases of menstrual cycle: an observational case–control study
Authors: Soliman Heba A. , Yousef Amel M. , Hamada Hamada A. , Hassan Elham S. ,   to Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
There are a significant number of female athletes competing at the highest levels of sport. But, women are still largely underrepresented in scientific literature. The female menstrual cycle is characterized by variations in circulating hormone levels, which may have an impact on performance.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the impact of hormonal changes through different menstrual cycle phases on hand grip strength, pulp pinch strength, three fingers pinch strength, and lateral pinch strength of athletic and non-athletic girls.

Methods
An observational case control study was conducted on forty post-pubertal girls, their ages ranged from 16 to 22 years old, and their body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.5 to 25 kg/m2. They were divided into two groups: athletic group of twenty basketball and tennis players recruited from basketball and tennis teams at Mena Garden City Club, 6 October Club, and Shooting Club October and non-athletic group of twenty non-sportive undergraduate students from Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Science and Technology. Hand grip strength was evaluated by Jamar hand dynamometer, while pulp pinch strength, three fingers pinch strength, and lateral pinch strength were evaluated by Jamar pinch gauge through three different menstrual cycle phases (follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases).

Results
Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in handgrip strength, pulp pinch strength, three fingers pinch strength, and lateral pinch strength in non-athletic group. Also, there was a significant increase in three fingers pinch strength and lateral pinch strength in athletic group during the ovulatory phase across the menstrual cycle (p < 0.05). But, there was a significant difference across menstrual phases in handgrip strength and pulp pinch strength in athletic group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Hormonal changes during menstrual cycle phases do not alter handgrip strength, pulp pinch strength performance for athletic girls. But, they alter hand grip strength, pulp pinch strength, three fingers, and lateral pinch grip strength performance for non-athletic girls.

Trial registration
The protocol of the study was registered in clinical trials.gov PRS (Protocol Registration and Result System (registration No.NCT06086262), Registered on 17 October 2023). The study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Physical Therapy at Cairo University prior to its beginning (approval No P.T.REC/012/003358) .
Characterization and genomics analysis of phage PGX1 against multidrug-resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli with in vivo and in vitro efficacy assessment
Authors: Hu Dayue , Qian Ping , Gao Dongyang , Li Xinxin , Wang Linkang , Ji Hongyue , Wang Shuang , Li Xiangmin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnterotoxigenic E. coli is one of the bacterial pathogens contributing to the global resistance crisis in public health and animal husbandry. The problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more serious, and phage is considered one of the potential alternatives to antibiotics that could be utilized to treat bacterial infections. Our study isolated and identified a lytic phage PGX1 against multidrug-resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli EC6 strain from sewage. The phage lysis profile revealed that PGX1 exhibited a lytic effect on multidrug-resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli strains of serotype O60. Through phage whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, PGX1 was found to be the class Caudoviricetes, family Autographiviridae, genus Teseptimavirus. The length of the PGX1 genome is about 37,009 bp, containing 54 open reading frames (ORFs). Notably, phage PGX1 lacks any lysogenic-related genes or virulence genes. Furthermore, phage PGX1 demonstrates strong adaptability, tolerance, and stability in various pH (pH4-10) and temperatures (4–40°C). The in vivo and in vitro tests demonstrated that phage PGX1 significantly removes and inhibits the formation of multidrug-resistant EC6 biofilm and effectively controls the Galleria mellonella larvae and enterotoxigenic E. coli EC6 during mice infection. In conclusion, the above findings demonstrated that phage PGX1 may be a novel antimicrobial agent to control multidrug-resistant E. coli infections.
Genetic Links Between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoarthritis: Insights From Cross-Trait Analysis
Authors: Huang Ji-Xiang , Xu Shu-Zhen , Tian Tian , Wang Jing , Jiang Ling-Qiong , He Tian , Meng Shi-Yin , Ni Jing , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Previous observational studies have indicated a bidirectional association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unclear whether these bidirectional associations reflect causal relationships or shared genetic factors, and the underlying biological mechanisms of this association are not fully understood.

Objective
We aimed to explore the genetic connection between MetS and OA using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data.

Methods
Leveraging summary statistics from GWAS conducted by the UK Biobank and the Glucose and Insulin-related Traits Consortium (MAGIC), we performed global genetic correlation analyses, genome-wide cross-trait meta-analyses, and a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using summary statistics from GWAS to comprehensively assess the relationship of MetS and OA.

Results
We first detected an extensive genetic correlation between MetS and OA (rg = 0.393, P = 1.52 × 10−18), which was consistent in 4 MetS components, including waist circumference, triglycerides, hypertension, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and OA with rg ranging from −0.229 to 0.490. We then discovered 32 variants jointly associated with MetS and OA through Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS (MTAG). Co-localization analysis found 12 genes shared between MetS and OA, with functional implications in several biological pathways. Finally, Mendelian randomization analysis suggested genetic liability to MetS significantly increased the risk of OA, but no reverse causality was found.

Conclusion
Our results illustrate a common genetic architecture, pleiotropic loci, as well as causality between MetS and OA, potentially enhancing our knowledge of high comorbidity and genetic processes that overlap between the 2 disorders.