bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN THE DRYING CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER ACTIVITY VALUES OF SELECTED PISTACHIO CULTIVARS DURING HOT AIR DRYING
Authors: AKTAS TURKAN , POLAT REFIK 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT The drying characteristics and changing of water activity (Aw) values of Kirmizi and Siirt pistachio cultivars were determined experimentally as a function of drying air temperature and initial moisture content during hot air drying. The drying experiments were conducted using two levels of initial moisture content (32 and 38%) and three drying air temperatures (40, 50 and 60C) at 1.5 m/s drying air velocity at 12% air relative humidity. The drying curves obtained from the experimental data were then fitted to the 10 different semitheoretical and/or empirical thin‐layer drying models. The moisture ratios at any drying time were compared by the Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Two‐term, Wang and Singh, Diffusion approximation, Modified Henderson and Pabis, Verma et al. and Midilli et al. models. The effect of drying air temperature and initial moisture content on the coefficients of the best‐suited moisture ratio model were determined by multiple regression method. Root mean square error and reduced chi‐square were used for the determination of the best suitable model. In addition to these statistical parameters, the modeling efficiency was also determined. The Modified Henderson and Pabis model was found to be the most suitable for describing the drying behavior of both pistachio cultivars. As a criterion of shelf life, Aw changes of dried pistachio samples were investigated.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSProper harvesting and postharvest handling are basic parts to achieve maximum yield of good quality nuts that determine marketability and profit. Processing right after harvesting is very important to pistachio quality. Drying is an important operation in pistachio processing. During the drying process, nuts can undergo reactions that cause loss of nutritional value and enzymatic activity. It is therefore necessary to design and simulate accurately the drying systems for pistachio nuts. For this reason, knowledge of such nut properties as thin‐layer drying characteristics under different drying conditions is required. Also changing of water activity values is also important for different drying and storage conditions in practical applications because the most effective preventative control is to dry pistachio nuts to a water activity of 0.82 for short‐term or 0.70 for long‐term storage to prevent mold growth and aflatoxin contamination.
Juvenile nephropathy in 37 boxer dogs
Authors: Chandler M. L. , Elwood C. , Murphy K. F. , Gajanayake I. , Syme H. M. 
Published: September 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review and characterise the clinical presentation of young boxer dogs with chronic kidney disease referred to the authors’ institutions. Methods: Records were collected retrospectively from 37 boxer dogs, less than five years of age, which had presented with azotaemia, inappropriately low urine concentrating ability, and ultrasound or radiographic evidence of abnormal kidneys. Results: Clinicopathological findings included azotaemia, hyperphosphataemia, anaemia, isosthenuria and proteinuria. Ultrasonographic findings included hyperechoic renal cortices, loss of corticomedullary junction definition, dilated pelves and irregularly shaped small kidneys. Renal histopathological findings included pericapsular and interstitial fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, dilated tubules, sclerotic glomeruli and dystrophic calcification. Survival time of the dogs varied from zero to over five years after diagnosis. Clinical Significance: This paper documents features of the presentation and progression of juvenile nephropathy in boxer dogs. While juvenile nephropathy has been reported in individual cases of boxer dogs previously, this is the first reported case series.
Surgical correction of metacarpophalangeal valgus deformity in an alpaca
Authors: Parry AJ , Dart AJ 
Published: September 2007

A 1‐month‐old alpaca cria presented with a 13 degree valgus deformity of the left metacarpophalangeal joint. The angular limb deformity was centered on the distal metacarpal physes. Transphyseal bridging of the physes was recommended. Two 2.7 mm cortical bone screws were placed either side of the distal metacarpal physes and a figure of eight wire was placed medially around the screw heads. The screws extended through the medial metacarpus into the axial cortex of the lateral metacarpus. Seven weeks after surgery the limb was straight and the screws and wire were removed.Transphyseal bridging of the distal metacarpal physes can be effectively used for the treatment of metacarpophalangeal valgus in crias with open physes.
Effects of vaccine dose, virus challenge dose and interval from vaccination to challenge on protection of broiler chickens against Marek's disease virus challenge
Authors: Islam AFMF , Walkden‐brown SW , Groves PJ , Underwood GJ 
Published: September 2007

Objectives   To examine the effects of varying the doses of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine and Marek's disease virus (MDV) challenge at two intervals after vaccination on the protection of chickens against challenge with MDV.Design and procedure   Experiment 1, a dose response study, consisted of 11 doses of HVT vaccine administered at hatch followed by challenge with 100 plaque forming units (pfu) of MDV 5 days post vaccination. Experiment 2, a 2 × 6 × 2 factorial design, included two HVT vaccine types, six different doses of HVT vaccine and 50 pfu and 200 pfu of MDV challenge 2 days post vaccination. All chickens were reared up to day 56 post challenge when all survivors were killed humanely. Dead and killed chickens were examined for gross MD tumours.Results   Experiment 1 showed a significant positive linear relationship between dose of HVT vaccine and protective index in chickens challenged 5 days post vaccination. However the range of protective index observed was limited. In Experiment 2 neither HVT vaccine provided significant protection at any dose. There was no significant effect of vaccine type or MDV challenge dose on overall protection against challenge. Chickens challenged with 200 pfu of MDV had significantly higher mortality and MD incidence than those with 50 pfu.Conclusions   HVT vaccine dose had a significant impact on protective index, but vaccination to challenge interval appeared to have greater impact on the protective efficacy of vaccination. A fourfold increase in challenge dose increased mortality rate and incidence of MD.
Effect of s‐methylmethionine sulphonium chloride on oesophagogastric ulcers in pigs
Authors: Kopinski JS , Fogarty R , McVeigh J 
Published: September 2007

Objective    To assess the value of s‐methylmethionine sulphonium chloride (SMMSC) (200 mg/kg) on nutritional performance of pigs and as prevention or therapy for oesophagogastric ulcers.Design    Sixty pigs from a high health status herd with continuing oesophagogastric ulcer problems were endoscopically assessed for the presence or absence of oesophagogastric ulcers. Forty‐eight pigs were then selected and allocated according to an initial oesophagogastric epithelial (ulcer score) classification to replicated treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Weight gain and feed intake were measured over 49 d, after which pigs were killed and stomachs were collected, re‐examined and scored for oesophagogastric ulceration.Results    There was no difference over the 49 d in weight gain, feed intake and backfat in pigs with and without SMMSC supplementation between pigs with or without fully developed oesophagogastric ulcers at the start of the study. In pigs with an initially low ulcer score, feeding SMMSC did not prevent further oesophagogastric ulcer development. No significant effect of SMMSC was apparent when final mean oesophagogastric ulcer scores were compared in pigs with existing high ulcer score. However, further analysis of the changes in individual pig oesophagogastric ulcer scores during the experiment showed that the observed reductions in scores of the high ulcer group was significantly different from all other groups.Conclusion    This study has indicated that supplementation of pig diets with SMMSC cannot be justified unless the slight ulcer score improvement observed could be translated to some commercial production advantage such as a reduction in pig mortalities due to oesophagogastric ulcers. This study has further confirmed the benefit of endoscopy as a tool to enable objective assessment of oesophageal gastric health.
Numerical Modeling of the Coupled Mechanical and Hydrological Processes during Deformation and Mineralization in the Mount Isa Block, Australia
Authors: Liu Liang‐Ming , Zhang Yanhua 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMount Isa is a major Australian and world Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineral province. The wide varieties of mineralization in the province are believed to be closely related to the geodynamic processes of Isan Orogeny, which occurred between ca 1500 and 1620 Ma. In order to understand the geodynamic processes associated with the Isan Orogeny and the giant mineralization systems in the Mount Isa district, a series of numerical models has been constructed to simulate coupled mechanical–hydrological processes, using Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), a finite difference computer code. The numerical modeling results have demonstrated that the most probable far‐field stress orientation during the Isan Orogeny is the asymmetrical E–W shortening, which led to greater easternward tectonic movement at the west boundary of the district in comparison with westward movement at the east boundary. During the initial and early stage of the Isan Orogeny, the mechanical and hydrological conditions in the Leichardt Fault Trough of the West Fold Belt are much more favorable for fluid accumulation and mineralization than in the East Fold Belt. The Mount Isan fault zone developed as a high dilation shear zone where the fluids were focused. As the asymmetrical shortening progressed, shortening deformation and shear strain localization became intensified in the eastern part of the orogenic district. The eastern region therefore became a more favorable locality for hydrothermal mineralization. This structural development feature seems to explain why mineralization in the East Fold Belt is generally later than in the West Fold Belt. Fluid production from the Williams–Naraku granites could result in fluid over‐pressuring, and this probably contributed to the extensive brecciation and related mineralization in the East Fold Belt.
Geochemical Characteristics and Expansion Properties of a Highly Potassic Perlitic Rhyolite from Lopburi, Thailand
Authors: Saisuttichai Darunee , Manning David A. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMiocene volcanic rocks from northeast of Lopburi, Thailand, include a suite of highly potassic (<6.3% K2O) perlitic rhyolites that are similar chemically to rhyolites from Sardinia (which are also perlitic) and Vulcano. Electron microprobe analysis using a defocussed beam has shown that glass compositions contain up to 12.9% K2O (0.9% Na2O), and within the same samples spherulites are enriched in Na2O (<6.2%) and depleted in K2O (2.1%). The perlitic rhyolites contain up to 4% water of meteoric origin; from Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy data, expansion on heating involves a reduction in both hydroxyl and molecular water contents. When expanded using a laboratory test furnace, specific gravities as low as 26 kg/m3have been achieved for a 0.15–0.3‐mm feed size fraction (reference perlite ores from Milos and Sardinia gave 47 and 33 kg/m3, respectively), and 10 kg/m3for a 0.5–1‐mm fraction separated after expansion. Expansion involves the loss of fluorine from the perlite, presumably as HF; unexpanded perlite contains 90–550 mg/kg F, which is reduced on expansion by 4–65%. Water‐soluble fluorine after expansion is increased by a factor of 10 up to 3.3 mg/kg. Expansion also increases the availability of K to plants by a factor of up to 6, with a maximum available K content of 1245 mg K/kg perlite. This contrasts markedly with the chemically inert character of other, commercial, perlites, suggesting that the distinctive K‐enrichment of the perlitic rhyolite has given a raw material capable of generating products with nutritional functionality for plant growers.
Geology and Geochemistry of the Buerkesidai and Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposits in the Sawuershan Region, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Northwest China
Authors: Zeng Qingdong , Liu Jianming , Liu Tiebing , Shen Yuanchao , Shen Ping , Li Guangming 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Sawuershan region, one of the important gold metallogenic belts of Xinjiang, is located in the western part of the Kalatongke island arc zone of north Xinjiang, NW China. There are two gold deposits in mining, namely the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits. Gold ores at the Kuoerzhenkuola deposit occur within Carboniferous andesite and volcanic breccias in the form of gold‐bearing quartz–pyrite veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gold ores at the Buerkesidai deposit occur within Carboniferous tuffaceous siltstones in the form of gold‐bearing quartz veinlet groups and altered rocks, with electrum, pyrite and arsenopyrite as major metallic minerals. Both gold deposits are hosted by structurally controlled faults associated with intense hydrothermal alteration. The typical alteration assemblage is sericite + chlorite + calcite + quartz, with an inner pyrite–sericite zone and an outer chlorite–calcite–epidote zone between orebodies and wall rocks. δ34S values (0.3–1.3‰) of pyrite of ores from Kuoerzhenkuola deposit are similar to those (0.4–2.9‰) of pyrite of ores from Buerkesidai deposit. δ34S values (1.1–2.8‰) of pyrite from altered rocks are similar to δ34S values of magmatic or igneous sulfide sulfur, but higher than those from ores. 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb data of sulfide from ores range within 17.72–18.56, 15.34–15.61, and 37.21–38.28, respectively. These sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that ore‐forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. He and Ar isotope study on fluid inclusions of pyrites from ores of Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits produces 40Ar/36Ar and 3He/4He ratios in the range of 282–525 and 0.6–9.4 R/Ra, respectively, indicating a mixed source of deep‐seated magmatic water (mantle fluid) and shallower meteoric water. In terms of tectonic setting, the gold deposits in the Sawuershan region can be interpreted as epithermal. These formations resulted from a combination of protracted volcanic activity, hydrothermal fluid mixing, and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Fluid mixing was possibly the key factor resulting in Au deposition in the gold deposits in Sawuershan region.
Sensitive High‐Resolution Ion Microprobe U‐Pb Zircon and 40Ar‐39Ar Muscovite Ages of the Yinshan Deposit in the Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Watanabe Yasushi , Mao Jingwen , Liu Shengxiang , Yi Xiankui 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Yinshan deposit in the Jiangnan tectonic belt in South China consists of Pb‐Zn‐Ag and Cu‐Au ore bodies. This deposit contains approximately 83 Mt of the Cu‐Au ores at 0.52% Cu and 0.8 g/t Au, and 84 Mt of the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores at 1.25% Pb, 1.02% Zn and 33.3 g/t Ag. It is hosted by low‐grade metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks of the lower Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group, and continental volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Erhuling Group and dacitic subvolcanic rocks. The ore bodies mainly consist of veinlets of sulfide minerals and sulfide‐disseminated rocks, which are divided into Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag ore bodies. The Cu‐Au ore bodies occur in the area close to a dacite porphyry stock (No. 3 stock), whereas Pb‐Zn‐Ag bodies occur in areas distal from the No. 3 stock. Muscovite is the main alteration mineral associated with the Cu‐Au ore bodies, and muscovite and chlorite are associated with the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores. A zircon sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U‐Pb age from the No. 3 dacite stock suggests it was emplaced in Early Jurassic. Three 40Ar‐39Ar incremental‐heating mineral ages from muscovite, which are related to Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization, yielded 179–175 Ma. These muscovite ages indicate that Cu‐Au mineralization occurred at 178.2±1.4 Ma (2σ), and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization at 175.4±1.2 Ma (2σ) and 175.3±1.1 Ma (2σ), which supports a restricted period for the mineralization. The Early Jurassic ages for the mineralization at Yinshan are similar to that of the porphyry Cu mineralization at Dexing in Jiangnan tectonic belt, and suggest that the polymetallic mineralization occurred in a regional transcompressional tectonic regime.
Basic Structural and Geological Features of the Stolovac Uranium Mineral Occurrence, Eastern Serbia
Authors: Vukas Radoslav 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe uranium mineral occurrence of Stolovac is located in the middle of a Permian red sandstone formation, the westernmost east‐Serbian Carpatho‐Balkan metallogenic province, or the Ridanj–Krepoljin ore zone. It was found by geological radiometry survey at the anomaly spots indicated by aerial gamma‐ray spectrometry (AGS). The task of anomaly identification is to accurately locate the AGS‐recorded anomalies in the field, to define the source of anomalous radioactivity (natural or artificial), to understand the relationship between the anomalous radioactivity and the given structural and geological situation, and to sample the material. The geological radiometry survey at scale 1:25,000 indicated increased radioactivity in gray sandstones of the Stolovački stream bed in Stolovac, some 40 km NE of Paraćin. The instrument used was a scintillometer SSP 2NF, and the measured radioactivity was 10‐fold higher than the local background level. Of all the customary field work, the greatest volume (trenching, drilling and accessory testing) was carried out in Stolovac; other radioactivity anomalies in the red sandstone formation remained inadequately explored and are the subject of this paper. The 3‐year exploration in uranium at Stolovac indicated sandstone‐type infiltrated uranium mineralization in sandstones in the middle of the Permian red sandstone formation: a complex called “variegated rocks”.
Isolation and characterization of epithelial progenitor cells from human fetal liver
Authors: Liu Yi‐Nan , Zhang Jun , He Qi‐Hua , Dai Xin , Shen Li 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  Hepatic progenitor cells can serve as an alternative source of hepatocytes for the treatment of liver diseases.Methods:  We isolated and expanded the epithelial progenitor cells (EPC) from the human fetal liver and investigated the differentiation of EPC into hepatic cells by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS), real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, and periodic acid–Schiff staining.Results:  Isolated EPC possessed highly proliferative ability and subpassaged for more than 25 passages. Real‐time PCR showed that EPC expressed liver epithelial markers (cytokeratin [CK]8 and CK18) and biliary‐specific markers (CK7 and CK19). FACS analysis indicated that these cells were positive for CD117, CD147, CD90, CD44, human leucocyte antigen class I and CD71, but negative for CD34 and CD45. The EPCpossessed multipotential indicated by differentiating into osteoblasts and adipocytes; when subjected to the hepatic differentiation condition, EPC could be induced to hepatocyte‐like cells, which expressed albumin, alpha‐fetoprotein, and CK18 proteins. Two months after EPC transplantation, we observed that the grafted cells differentiated into hepatocyte‐like cells and there was no observable tumor mass.Conclusion:  We have isolated and characterized the human fetal liver‐derived EPC and these cells may serve as an ideal cell source for cell‐replacement therapy of diseased livers.
Effects of free radical scavenger on acute liver injury induced byd‐galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in rats
Authors: Ito Koji , Ozasa Hisashi , Noda Yumi , Arii Shigeki , Horikawa Saburo 
Published: September 2007

Aim: Acute severe liver injury still has a high mortality rate. Acute liver injury induced by a coadministration ofd‐galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an experimental model of fulminant hepatitis in rats. Our aim is to investigate the effects of free radical scavenger on the injury induced by GalN/LPS in rats.Methods: Free radical scavenger edaravone (3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one) was twice injected into rats 5 min before and 60 min after the GalN/LPS injection. Liver injury was biochemically and histologically assessed. The survival rate was examined 72 h after the intoxication.Results: In the GalN/LPS‐treated rats, a marked elevation in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed. On the other hand, edaravone significantly inhibited the elevation in serum AST and ALT levels. The efficacy of edaravone was also confirmedby histological analysis. Edaravone lowered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α mRNA and interleukin‐6 mRNA expression, antioxidative enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 protein and myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, in rat livers. In addition, edaravone reduced the mortality rate in GalN/LPS‐treated rats as compared to the rats without edaravone treatment.Conclusions: Free radical scavenger edaravone effectively ameliorated the liver injury induced by the GalN/LPS administration in rats, not only by attenuating oxidative stress, but also by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Modulation of sinusoidal and canalicular elimination of bilirubin‐glucuronides by rifampicin and other cholestatic drugs in a sandwich culture of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Lengyel György , Veres Zsuzsa , Tugyi Regina , Vereczkey László , Molnár Tünde , Glavinas Hristos , Krajcsi Péter , Jemnitz Katalin 
Published: September 2007

Aim: Drug‐induced hyperbilirubinemia has been shown to often be derived from modulation of the expression and activity of hepatobiliary transporters. In this study we examined the interactions of some therapeutic agents, which have been shown to cause cholestasis, with the elimination of bilirubin‐glucuronides, in order to clarify whether these drugs modify the activity of Mrp2 and Mrp3 directly.Methods: The modulation of bilirubin‐glucuronide elimination with rifampicin, probenecid, indomethacin and benzbromarone was assayed in sandwich cultured rat hepatocytes.Results: All the drugs studied decreased the canalicular transport, but modified the sinusoidal efflux differently. Rifampicin and probenecid stimulated the sinusoidal efflux, shifting the elimination of bilirubin‐glucuronides to the sinusoidal domain (biliary excretion index: 3.9 ± 1.2; 22.7 ± 7.4 vs. 56.6 ± 1.5 and 56.8 ± 5.5). However, the overall elimination of bilirubin‐glucuronides did not change significantly. In contrast, indomethacin and benzbromarone inhibited bothtransport processes, resulting in the decrease of the overall bilirubin‐glucuronide elimination (61 ± 22; 56 ± 5% of the control). Rifampicin, indomethacin and benzbromarone decreased 5,(6)‐carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein transport by multidrug resistance‐associated protein (Mrp)2 as visualized by confocal laser microscopy and in vesicular transport experiments. Interestingly, rifampicin decreased the MRP3 activity in vesicular transport experiments using 17‐beta‐estradiol‐17‐beta‐D‐glucuronide as substrate, in contrast to that observed in bilirubin‐glucuronide transport experiments.Conclusion: Here we show that the interactions of drugs on hepatobiliary transporter proteins may be identifiedin vitroin a sandwich culture of hepatocytes, in which canalicular and sinusoidal transport can be studied separately.