bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diameter of vessels across the tonsillar capsule as an anatomical consideration for tonsillectomy
Authors: Lee Kang‐Dae , Lee Hyoung‐Shin , Hong Jong‐Chul , Yu Tai‐Hyun , Lee Hwan‐Ho , Chun Bong‐Gwon , Gil Young‐Gi , Kim Kwang‐Hoon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe authors measured the diameters of vessels around the surgical plane of tonsillectomy to investigate an anatomical basis to reduce hemorrhage. Thirty tonsils removed from 15 adult cadavers with the mean age of 56 years (range 44–71 years) at the time of death were studied. Calibration of the vessels across the tonsillar capsule was performed at the 1‐mm intracapsular, capsular, and 1‐mm extracapsular plane as artery and vein, respectively. The average diameter of the arteries was 73.0 ± 33.1 μm at the 1‐mm intracapsular plane, 94.7 ± 33.5 μm at the capsular plane, and 139.5 ± 51.2 μm at the 1‐mm extracapsular plane. For the veins, it was 62.9 ± 38.7 μm at the 1‐mm intracapsular plane, 86.8 ± 50.4 μm at the capsular plane, and 133.6 ± 78.6 μm at the 1‐mm extracapsular plane. The diameters of the vessels at the 1‐mm intracapsular plane were significantly smaller than those at the capsular plane (P < 0.01), and likewise the diameters of the vessels at the capsular plane were significantly smaller than those at the 1‐mm extracapsular plane (P < 0.01). The result of this study on the diameter of the vessels across the tonsillar capsule could be considered to be an important factor providing an anatomical rationale for a change in recommendation leading to safer tonsillectomies that minimize vascular injury. Clin. Anat. 21:33–37, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distance Measurement between Tyr10 and Met35 in Amyloid β by Site‐Directed Spin‐Labeling ESR Spectroscopy: Implications for the Stronger Neurotoxicity of Aβ42 than Aβ40
Authors: Murakami Kazuma , Hara Hideyuki , Masuda Yuichi , Ohigashi Hajime , Irie Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe neurotoxicity of the 42‐mer and 40‐mer amyloid β peptides (Aβ42 and Aβ40) is closely related to the radicalization at both Tyr10 and Met35. Aβ42 is more neurotoxic than Aβ40. Our previous structural analyses of Aβ42 suggested that Tyr10 and Met35 are brought closer together by the turn at positions 22 and 23, and the S‐oxidized radical cation at position 35, which is the ultimate toxic radical species, can be produced effectively through oxidation by the phenoxy radical at position 10. To verify this idea, their separation was measured by site‐directed spin labeling (MTSSL) by using ESR spectroscopy. Among the three kinds of Aβ42 derivatives, which are doubly or singly spin‐labeled at position 10 and 35, only 10,35‐MTSSL‐Aβ42 showed a clear dipole coupling in continuous‐wave ESR; this suggests that the intramolecular spin labels at position 10 and 35 in Aβ42 are located within ∼15 Å. In contrast, 10,35‐MTSSL‐Aβ40 did not give such signals. The distance between Tyr10 and Met35 in 10,35‐MTSSL‐Aβ40, which was successfully measured by pulsed ESR spectroscopy was 30 Å long. The difference in the distance between Aβ42 and Aβ40 could explain in part the stronger neurotoxicity of Aβ42 compared to Aβ40.
Modifying pain perception: is it better to be hypnotizable or feel that you are hypnotized?
Authors: Hylands‐White Nicholas , Derbyshire Stuart WG 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo studies investigated the effect of hypnotic susceptibility (study 1) and the label ‘hypnosis’ (study 2) on the perception of a noxious stimulus (cold pressor). Suggestions for pain control during hypnosis are highly effective but the mechanisms of this effect and the role of the hypnotic induction in achieving pain relief remain uncertain. Study 1 demonstrated increasing pain experience with hypnotic susceptibility during performance of a visual distraction task, i.e. greater hypnotic susceptibility resulted in greater pain experience when performing the task. There was no relationship between pain experience and hypnotic susceptibility when not performing the task. Study 2 demonstrated that the use of the label ‘hypnosis’ to describe a relaxation recording increased feelings of being hypnotized and decreased pain experience relative to the same recording being labelled ‘relaxation’ outside of task involvement. In conclusion, hypnotizability per se does not facilitate a reduction in pain experience whereas the label ‘hypnosis’ does reduce pain experience. It is possible that the use of hypnotic terminology in the context of pain provides a reduction in pain experience through mechanisms that are not automatically engaged by those who are highly hypnotizable. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycyano‐Anion‐Based Energetic Salts
Authors: Gao Haixiang , Zeng Zhuo , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEnergetic salts based on polycyano anions and cations with a high nitrogen content tend to have extensive hydrogen bonding and exhibit heats of formation up to ΔHf=1579.1 kJ mol−1. Based on theoretical calculations, some of the new salts may be considered to be low‐energy monopropellants. One of the salts can be used as a precursor to a carbon nitride.
Unique Properties of DNA Interstrand Cross‐Links of Antitumor Oxaliplatin and the Effect of Chirality of the Carrier Ligand
Authors: Kasparkova Jana , Vojtiskova Marie , Natile Giovanni , Brabec Viktor 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe different antitumor and other biological effects of the third‐generation antitumor platinum drug oxaliplatin [(1R,2R‐diamminocyclohexane)oxalatoplatinum(II)] in comparison with those of conventional cisplatin [cis‐diamminedichloridoplatinum(II)] are often explained by the ability of oxaliplatin to form DNA adducts of different conformation and consequently to exhibit different cytotoxic effects. This work describes, for the first time, the structural and biochemical characteristics of the interstrand cross‐links of oxaliplatin. We find that: 1) DNA bending, unwinding, thermal destabilization, and delocalization of the conformational alteration induced by the cross‐link of oxaliplatin are greater than those observed with the cross‐link of cisplatin; 2) the affinity of high‐mobility‐group proteins (which are known to mediate the antitumor activity of platinum complexes) for the interstrand cross‐links of oxaliplatin is markedly lower than for those of cisplatin; and 3) the chirality at the carrier 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane ligand can affect some important structural properties of the interstrand cross‐links of cisplatin analogues. Thus, the information contained in the present work is also useful for a better understanding of how the stereochemistry of the carrier amine ligands of cisplatin analogues can modulate their anticancer and mutagenic properties. The significance of this study is also reinforced by the fact that, in general, interstrand cross‐links formed by various compounds of biological significance result in greater cytotoxicity than is expected for monofunctional adducts or other intrastrand DNA lesions. Therefore, we suggest that the unique properties of the interstrand cross‐links of oxaliplatin are at least partly responsible for this drug's unique antitumor effects.
Racial differences in pain during 1 year among women with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Castel Liana D. , Saville Benjamin R. , DePuy Venita , Godley Paul A. , Hartmann Katherine E. , Abernethy Amy P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Longitudinal tumor‐specific studies of cancer pain across the disease trajectory provide insight into the course of pain. Information on pain predictors refines our understanding of patients with greatest distress and need.METHODS.The authors studied 1124 women with metastatic breast cancer and bone metastases, all of whom received standard treatment in an international clinical trial conducted from October 1998 to January 2001. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was administered repeatedly during the course of 1 year. Hazard models were fitted to identify baseline and time‐dependent covariates as predictors of pain worsening within cumulative 80‐day intervals during the year.RESULTS.Increased severe pain hazards were associated with non‐Caucasian race (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.69–3.76), restricted performance status (HR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.13–2.64), and radiation therapy in a previous interval (HR = 2.86; 95% CI, 1.61‐5.09). Estimated cumulative rates for not yet reaching a BPI score of 7 or above ranged from 0.79 (0.72–0.85) in the first interval to 0.64 (0.55–0.74) in the last interval for non‐Caucasian women, whereas these rates ranged from 0.91 (0.89–0.93) to 0.84 (0.81–0.87) for Caucasian women.CONCLUSIONS.By using a time‐to‐event hazards analysis for cancer symptom data, the authors demonstrated that non‐Caucasian race predicted poorer pain control among women with metastatic breast cancer. Disparity findings from cross‐sectional studies were confirmed. Pain management strategies should take race into account as a risk factor for worsening pain outcomes, and further investigation should seek to uncover and resolve the reasons for this obvious disparity. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Treatment ‘mismatch’ in early prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Ronald C. , Clark Jack A. , Manola Judith , Talcott James A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Pretreatment urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction may increase the toxicity of prostate cancer treatments or preclude potential benefits. Using patient‐reported baseline dysfunction from a prospective cohort study, we determined the proportion of patients receiving relatively contraindicated (‘mismatched’) treatments.METHODS.Baseline obstructive uropathy and bowel dysfunction relatively contraindicate brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), respectively, because they increase patients' vulnerability to treatment‐related toxicity. Baseline sexual dysfunction renders moot the intended benefit of nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy (NSRP), which is to preserve sexual function. We categorized patients' clinical circumstances by increasing complexity and counted the mismatches in each, expecting weaker or multiple contraindications to increase mismatched treatments.RESULTS.Of 438 eligible patients, 389 (89%) reported preexisting dysfunction, and more than one‐third received mismatched treatments. Mismatches did not significantly increase with clinical complexity, and watchful waiting was very infrequent, even when all treatment options were contraindicated. Patient age and comorbidity, but not preexisting dysfunction, were associated with treatment choice. As expected, mismatched BT and EBRT led to worsened urinary and bowel symptoms, respectively, and NSRP did not improve outcomes after baseline sexual dysfunction.CONCLUSIONS.Pretreatment dysfunction does not appear to reliably influence treatment choices, and patients receiving mismatched treatments had worse outcomes. Further study is needed to determine why mismatched treatments were chosen, including the role of incomplete patient‐physician communication of baseline dysfunction, and whether using a validated questionnaire before treatment decision‐making would bypass this difficulty. Treatment mismatch may be a useful outcome indicator of the quality of patient‐centered decisions. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
VEGF and VEGFR‐1 are coexpressed by epithelial and stromal cells of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rivet Jacqueline , Mourah Samia , Murata Hideyuki , Mounier Nicolas , Pisonero Helena , Mongiat‐Artus Pierre , Teillac Pierre , Calvo Fabien , Janin Anne , Dosquet Christine 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Tumor angiogenesis is a dynamic process that plays a major role in cancer progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors play a pivotal role in angiogenesis. The expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was investigated in the perspective of anti‐VEGF treatments.METHODS.Total VEGF protein levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in tumor tissue samples from surgical specimens of 65 patients with clear cell RCC. At the cellular level the VEGF isoforms VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 mRNA were quantified by real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in laser‐microdissected tumoral epithelial as stromal cells and in corresponding normal tissue compartments. Colocalization of VEGF and VEGFR‐1 proteins was studied by triple immunofluorescent labeling.RESULTS.Protein VEGF in cytosolic extracts was significantly higher in tumoral than in nontumoral tissue (P < .0001). Event‐free survival was significantly longer for patients with cytosolic VEGF lower than the cutoff (75th percentile of VEGF protein levels, P = .02). In laser‐microdissected epithelial cells, VEGF121 and VEGFR‐1 mRNA expressions were higher in RCC than in corresponding nontumoral kidney (P = .007 and P = .002, respectively); they were also higher in stromal cells of RCC compared with nontumoral kidney (P = .02 and P = .003, respectively). There was no differential VEGFR‐2 expression in epithelial or in stromal cells of tumoral or nontumoral kidney. By immunofluorescent labeling VEGF and VEGFR‐1 colocalized on RCC tumor epithelial and stromal cells.CONCLUSIONS.Combined laser microdissection and quantitative RT‐PCR, as triple immunofluorescent labeling, underlined the preferential expression of the most soluble VEGF isoform, VEGF121, and its receptor VEGFR‐1, but not VEGFR‐2, in epithelial and stromal cells of RCC. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A novel type of microglomerular synaptic complex in the polarization vision pathway of the locust brain
Authors: Träger Ulrike , Wagner Robert , Bausenwein Bernhard , Homberg Uwe 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe lateral accessory lobes (LALs) are prominent integration centers in the insect brain. In the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, they are connected with the anterior optic tubercles (AOTus), with the central complex, and with the ventral nerve cord. Two subcompartments of the LALs, the lateral triangle and the median olive, are easily recognized by their prominent granular texture. Both areas are part of the polarization vision pathway in the locust brain; they receive input from projection neurons of the AOTu and are the site of presumed dendritic arborizations of tangential neurons of the lower division of the central body. Both types of neuron are sensitive to polarized light and most likely play a role in sky compass navigation of the locust. We show here that neurons from the AOTu and tangential neurons of the central body form large microglomerular contacts in the median olive and lateral triangle. Presynaptic elements from the AOTu end in small numbers of large cup‐shaped terminals. These cups enclose many small γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐immunoreactive (‐ir) profiles from tangential neurons of the lower division of the central body. Each cup‐shaped profile makes numerous (>150) dyadic output synapses with the small postsynaptic GABA‐ir profiles. No synaptic connections were found between the small core profiles. The microglomerular organization of the median olive and lateral triangle is unlike that of any other synaptic microglomeruli reported for the insect brain. It might provide precise spike timing information possibly used to extract spatial information by comparison of binocular inputs in the central complex. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:288–300, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic nerve compression injury induces a phenotypic switch of neurons within the dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Chao Tom , Pham Khoa , Steward Oswald , Gupta Ranjan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChronic nerve compression (CNC) injury initiates a series of pathological changes within the peripheral nerve at the site of injury. However, to date, little work has been performed to explore neuronal cell body responses to CNC injury. Here we show a preferential upregulation of growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43) and enhanced Fluoro Ruby uptake by the small‐diameter calcitonin gene‐related protein (CGRP) and isolectin B4 (IB4)‐positive neurons in the L4 and L5 ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 2 weeks and 1 month post injury. Furthermore, L4 and L5 DRGs ipsilateral to CNC injury also demonstrated a marked reduction in neurofilament 200 (NF‐200) neurons and an increase in CGRP and IB4 neurons at early time points. All numbers normalized to values comparable to those of control when the DRG was evaluated 6 months post injury. Quantification of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein revealed an upregulation in L4 and L5 DRG followed by a return to baseline values at later stages following injury. Upregulation of GDNF expression by Schwann cells was also readily apparent with both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of 1 month compressed sciatic nerve specimens. Thus, CNC induces a phenotypic change in the DRG that appears to be temporally associated with increases in GDNF protein expression at and near the site of the compression injury in the nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:180–193, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative functional analysis provides evidence for a crucial role for the homeobox gene Nkx2.1/Titf‐1 in forebrain evolution
Authors: van den Akker Willem M.R. , Brox Aurora , Puelles Luis , Durston Antony J. , Medina Loreta 
Published: November 2007

AbstractKnockout of the Nkx2.1 (Titf‐1) homeobox gene in the mouse leads to severe malformation and size reduction of the basal telencephalon/preoptic area and basal hypothalamus, indicating an important role of this gene in forebrain patterning. Here we show that abrogation of the orthologous gene in the frog Xenopus laevis by way of morpholino knockdown also affects the relative size of major regions in both the telencephalon (subpallium versus pallium) and diencephalon (hypothalamus versus thalamus). Remarkably, while a similar effect on the telencephalon was noted previously in Nkx2.1‐knockout mice, the effect on the diencephalon seems to be specific for Xenopus. This difference may be explained by the partially dissimilar expression of the orthologous genes in the forebrain of Xenopus and mouse. In both species Nkx2.1 is expressed in the basal telencephalon/preoptic area and basal hypothalamus, but in Xenopus this gene is additionally expressed in the alar hypothalamus. Phylogenetic comparison of Nkx2.1 expression in the forebrain suggests that the expression in the basal telencephalon‐preoptic region and alar hypothalamus appeared in the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates, but the alar hypothalamic expression was later dramatically reduced during evolution to birds and mammals. Our study suggests that changes in the regulation of Nkx2.1 expression have played an important role on the evolution of forebrain development, and emphasizes the potential of the combined analysis of expression and function of master control genes in different vertebrates for unraveling the origin of brain complexity and diversity. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:211–223, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐dependent effect of nitric oxide on subventricular zone and olfactory bulb neural precursor proliferation
Authors: Romero‐Grimaldi Carmen , Moreno‐López Bernardo , Estrada Carmen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) is developmentally regulated in the embryonic brain, where NO participates in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In adults, NO inhibits neurogenesis under physiological conditions. This work investigates whether the NO action is preserved all along development up to adulthood or whether its effects in adults are a new feature acquired during brain maturation. The relationship between nitrergic neurons and precursors, as well as the functional consequences of pharmacological NOS inhibition, were comparatively analyzed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory bulb (OB) of postnatal (P7) and adult (>P60) mouse brains. The SVZ was markedly reduced between P7 and adults, and, at both ages, neurons expressing neuronal NOS (nNOS) were found in its striatal limits. In postnatal mice, these nitrergic neurons contained PSA‐NCAM, and their projections were scarce, whereas, in adults, mature nitrergic neurons, devoid of PSA‐NCAM, presented abundant neuropil. In the OB, local proliferation almost disappeared in the transition to adulthood, and periglomerular nitrergic neurons, some of which were PSA‐NCAM positive, were found in postnatal and adult mice. Administration of the NOS inhibitor L‐NAME did not affect cell proliferation in the SVZ or in the OB of postnatal mice, whereas it significantly enhanced the number of mitotic cells in both regions in adults. Thus, the NO action on SVZ neurogenesis is a phenomenon that appears after the postnatal age, which is probably due to the germinal layer size reduction, allowing exposure of the NO‐sensitive neural precursors to the NO produced in the SVZ‐striatum limits. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:339–346, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A diagonal offset algorithm for the polynomial point interpolation method
Authors: Kanber B. , Bozkurt O. Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA diagonal offset algorithm is presented to overcome the singular moment matrix problem in the polynomial point interpolation method. The value of terms in the diagonal line of moment matrix is changed with different offsets. The effects of the offsets on the Kronecker delta function and partition of unity properties are investigated and an optimum offset range is proposed. The algorithm is validated solving some patch tests and various elasticity problems in 2‐D domain. Their results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very easy to implement and completely solves the singular moment matrix problem. The accuracy of the method with proposed algorithm is investigated for regular and irregular local domains. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The developmental construction of heredity
Authors: Jablonka Eva 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThrough his empirical and theoretical work, Gottlieb advanced a sophisticated and integrated view of development, which he saw as a probabilistic process of construction involving bidirectional interactions between structures and functions, and the phenotypic accommodation of the organism to changing environmental conditions. Gottlieb developed these ideas within a broad framework that went beyond the lifecycle of the individual. From his perspective as a developmental psychologist, he contributed to a way of thinking about evolutionary processes that stresses the importance and primacy of the modifications that occur during development. Through their long‐term effects on physiology and behavior, environmentally induced, developmental modifications may contribute to the reconstruction of an animal's developmental and ecological niches, and therefore affect the conditions in which it and its offspring are selected. Gottlieb stressed in particular the effects of prenatal and early postnatal conditions on the development of behavior, and their long‐term effects on the individual and its descendants. In this essay, I consider how the development‐oriented focus that was central to Gottlieb's perspective affects evolutionary theorizing, and, more specifically, I discuss the special status of behaviorally driven evolution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 808–817, 2007.