bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroelectrochemical Reactivities of Novel Polyaniline Nanotube Pesticide Biosensors
Authors: Somerset V. , Klink M. , Akinyeye R. , Michira I. , Sekota M. , Al‐Ahmed A. , Baker P. , Iwuoha E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: The preparation and characterisation of electrosynthetic polyaniline nanomaterials doped with phenanthrene sulphonic acid (PSA) is being presented. The polymeric nanomaterials prepared include processable poly(o‐methoxy aniline) (POMA) and poly(2,5‐dimethoxy aniline) (PDMA). Spectroelectrochemical reactivities of the electroactive polymeric nanotube systems as well as the nanobiosensor systems were studied by SEM, FTIR, UV‐Vis and Subtractively Normalised Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) techniques. Furthermore, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric studies of the nanomaterials were also performed using platinum or thiol‐modulated gold electrodes. The SEM studies confirmed the nanorod morphology of the polyanilines. The heterogeneous rate constant, ko, for the nanopolymeric material and the diffusion coefficient of electrons, De, was calculated and found to be in agreement with values expected for electron hopping along conducting polymer chains. Organophosphate pesticide nanobiosensor devices were prepared by encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nanopolymeric composite. The biosensor amperometric response to the organophosphate pesticide called diazinon and the carbamate pesticide called carbofuran were studied. The sensor responses to pesticides followed typical electrochemical Michaelis‐Menten kinetics.
Microwave Assisted Graft Copolymerization of N‐Isopropyl Acrylamide and Methyl Acrylate on Cellulose: Solid State NMR Analysis and CaCO3 Crystallization
Authors: Matahwa H. , Ramiah V. , Jarrett W. L. , McLeary J. B. , Sanderson R. D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: Graft copolymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide and methyl acrylate on α‐cellulose was carried out under microwave irradiation at specific cut off temperatures with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate and potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiating system. The role of KPS was to oxidize Ce (III) to Ce (IV) which is the active species in radical formation. The reactions at a temperature cut off of 60 °C were confirmed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance cross‐polarization with magic‐ angle spinning (13C NMR CP/MAS) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The extent of grafting was calculated from weight gain and 13C resonances. The grafted cellulose was thermally more stable than the parent cellulose. An attempt to do grafting at a higher cut off temperature of 80 °C was made, however, no grafting was observed from 13C NMR CP/MAS but TGA results showed that a cellulose having more thermal stability resulted which was attributed to cross linking. Crystallization of CaCO3 was carried out using the grafted materials as templates showed better nucleation and different crystal structure was observed.
Synthesis of Novel a PEG‐Lysine Polymer
Authors: van Kralingen Leon , Bredenkamp Martin W. , Sanderson Ron D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: A novel PEG functionalized‐L‐lysine‐α‐amino‐N‐carboxy anhydride monomer (L‐Lys(PEG‐(COOBzl))‐NCA) is prepared for the synthesis of carboxylic acid terminated, PEG‐sheathed poly‐lysine biopolymers.
Treatment with antiparkinson and antidepressant drugs: A register‐based, pharmaco‐epidemiological study
Authors: Brandt‐Christensen Mette , Kvist Kajsa , Nilsson Flemming Mørkeberg , Andersen Per Kragh , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDepressive symptoms and major depression are frequent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a systematic knowledge about the treatment with antidepressant drugs among PD patients is missing. We estimated the frequency of antidepressant drug treatment in a national sample of persons treated with antiparkinson drugs (APDs). All persons treated with APDs were identified in the national Danish Prescription database. The subsequent risk of treatment with antidepressants was estimated and compared with the risks for two large control groups. The study period was 5 years. In total, 1,029,737 persons were included. Persons who got APDs had significantly increased rate ratios (RR) of subsequent antidepressant drug treatment compared with an unexposed control group (RR: 2.10 (95% CI: 2.04–2.16)) and with persons who got anti‐diabetic drugs [RR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.51–1.65)]. Persons treated with APDs have higher frequency of antidepressant drug treatment than have controls. With the reservation that data on drug consumption cannot be directly transferred into conclusions about specific diseases, the present study supports results from other population‐based studies of an association between PD and depression. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Neuroimaging follow‐up in a case of Rasmussen's encephalitis with dyskinesias
Authors: de Leva Maria Fulvia , Varrone Andrea , Filla Alessandro , Quarantelli Mario , Bilo Leonilda , Piscitelli Valeria , Salvatore Elena , Ammendola Sara , Striano Salvatore , de Michele Giuseppe , Bonavita Vincenzo , Pappatà Sabina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe describe a case of adult‐onset biphasic Rasmussen's encephalitis who presented seizures and left dyskinesias at the onset and, after 1 year, language disorder. Serial MRI and [18F] FDG‐PET scans were performed showing involvement of the right cerebral hemisphere in the first phase and of the contralateral one in the second. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Myoclonus–dystonia syndrome: Clinical presentation, disease course, and genetic features in 11 families
Authors: Nardocci Nardo , Zorzi Giovanna , Barzaghi Chiara , Zibordi Federica , Ciano Claudia , Ghezzi Daniele , Garavaglia Barbara 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMyoclonus–dystonia syndrome (MDS) is an inherited movement disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The epsilon sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene is an important cause of MDS. We report the results of a clinical and genetic study of 20 patients from 11 families. We disclosed six novel and two previously described mutations in nine families. The majority of patients had a phenotype of myoclonus and dystonia in combination, but clinical findings considered atypical, such a very early onset, distal myoclonus, and legs involvement, were detected in a significant proportion of cases. The disease course was variable, from progression to spontaneous remission of the motor symptoms. There were no obvious differences between mutation‐positive and ‐negative cases. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Artificial boundary conditions for viscoelastic flows
Authors: Nazarov Sergueï A. , Sequeira Adélia , Specovius‐Neugebauer Maria , Videman Juha H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe steady three‐dimensional exterior flow of a viscoelastic non‐Newtonian fluid is approximated by reducing the corresponding nonlinear elliptic–hyperbolic system to a bounded domain. On the truncation surface with a large radius R, nonlinear, local second‐order artificial boundary conditions are constructed and a new concept of an artificial transport equation is introduced. Although the asymptotic structure of solutions at infinity is known, certain attributes cannot be found explicitly so that the artificial boundary conditions must be constructed with incomplete information on asymptotics. To show the existence of a solution to the approximation problem and to estimate the asymptotic precision, a general abstract scheme, adapted to the analysis of coupled systems of elliptic–hyperbolic type, is proposed. The error estimates, obtained in weighted Sobolev norms with arbitrarily large smoothness indices, prove an approximation of order O(R−2+ε), with any ε>0. Our approach, in contrast to other papers on artificial boundary conditions, does not use the standard assumptions on compactly supported right‐hand side f, leads, in particular, to pointwise estimates and provides error bounds with constants independent of both R and f. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projector preconditioning for partially bound‐constrained quadratic optimization
Authors: Domorádová Marta , Dostál Zdeněk 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPreconditioning by a conjugate projector is combined with the recently proposed modified proportioning with reduced gradient projection (MPRGP) algorithm for the solution of bound‐constrained quadratic programming problems. If applied to the partially bound‐constrained problems, such as those arising from the application of FETI‐based domain decomposition methods to the discretized elliptic boundary variational inequalities, the resulting algorithm is shown to have better bound on the rate of convergence than the original MPRGP algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated on the solution of a model boundary variational inequality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia in the early medieval Slavic population at Borovce, Slovakia
Authors: Obertová Z. , Thurzo M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia were examined in an early medieval (8th to beginning of 12th century AD) skeletal sample of 451 individuals from Borovce, Slovakia. More than 40% of these individuals died before reaching 20 years of age. The relationship between the occurrence of orbital and enamel lesions was analysed by focusing on the age‐specific distribution, and on its influence on demographic parameters. Both features were found in 11.2% of the observed skulls. The presence of orbital and dental lesions showed a considerable impact on mortality as well as the life expectancy. Generally, the highest mortality was observed among 0–4 year old individuals. The greatest discrepancy in the demographic parameters, however, appeared between the affected and unaffected individuals aged 10–14 and 15–19 years. In these two age groups the co‐occurrence of both lesions was most frequently recorded. These individuals obviously had a history of sickness, and thus could not cope with further bouts of disease and with the increased physiological demands of pubertal growth. The missing correlation in younger age categories can be largely explained by the difficulty of macroscopically examining the permanent dentition, since an interrelationship between the age at hypoplasia development and the occurrence of cribra orbitalia was detected. Several differences between the individuals with enamel defects and both conditions were observed in the distribution of age at hypoplasia formation. According to these results, several factors, such as impaired health status, growth demands and diet, influence the development of enamel hypoplasia and cribra orbitalia in a particular population. It is possible that after reaching a certain threshold, the underlying factors act synergistically in a kind of vicious cycle as the balance between the immune system, metabolism, and exogenous factors such as pathogens and nutrition, is disturbed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Petterson Toni E. , Bosco Annmarie A. , Cohn Richard J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) is a very rare condition and when reported occurs almost exclusively in adults. We report a pediatric case of ANKL that presented with hemophagocytic syndrome, preceding the onset of leukemia by 12 weeks. Clinical and laboratory findings are discussed, along with morphology, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics, as well as the association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). This case is noteworthy for the expression of CD8 on the malignant cells, the cytogenetic findings that include abnormalities of chromosomes 6 and 7, as well as the age of the patient. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:654–657. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of camptothecins in DMSO extracts of Nothapodytes foetida by direct injection capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Hsiao Hsien‐Yi , Cheng Tzong‐Jih , Yang Ge‐Ming , Huang I‐Jen , Chen Richie L.C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA rapid capillary electrophoresis procedure was developed for determining the anti‐cancer components, camptothecins, in Nothapodytes foetida. The hydrophobic compound was extracted from plant tissue (ca. 1 mL of DMSO for 100 mg of dried plant tissue) with a water‐miscible organic solvent, DMSO, at elevated temperature (60°C). The extract was directly injected into the separation capillary (untreated fused silica, 34 cm in length, 75 µm i.d.) and analysed in MEKC mode (369 nm). Within 5 min of migration, camptothecins were successfully separated and quantified by adding organic modifiers to the running buffer (20% DMSO, 90 mm SDS in 10 mm borate buffer, pH 8.60). The linear dynamic range for camptothecin was from 5 to 400 µg/mL. This method was proven to be very suitable for monitoring the amount of camptothecins during the cultivation of the medicinal plant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the stability of diester‐diterpenoid alkaloids from the genus Aconitum L. by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MSn)
Authors: Yue Hao , Pi Zi‐feng , Li Hui‐lin , Song Feng‐rui , Liu Zhi‐qiang , Liu Shu‐ying 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe stability of diester‐diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) from plants of the genus Aconitum L. has been studied in different solvents and pH buffers. The HPLC/ESIMS method for analysing the concentration of DDA was established and DDA's decomposition products were elucidated by HPLC/ESI‐MS/MSn. In different solvents, e.g. dichloromethane, ether, methanol and distilled water, the decomposition pathways of DDA are quite different and their difference in stabilities depends on the difference of their structures, in which substituents at the N atom and substituents at C‐3 are different. The pyrolytic products of DDA, such as deacetoxy aconitine‐type alkaloids, have been observed in the above solvents, whereas 8‐methoxy‐14–benzoyl aconitine‐type alkaloids have been obtained only in methanol. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the stability of DDA depends on pH values of the buffer. Aconine as hydrolysate has been only found in pH 10.0 buffer, and the other hydrolysates and the pyrolyzates of DDA, such as benzoylaconine and deacetoxy aconitine, have been observed in all pH aqueous solutions. The decomposition pathways of DDA in buffers are related to the substituent on the C‐3 position. The decomposition pathway of aconitine is similar to that of mesaconitine, but different from that of hypaconitine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosome topology in normal and aneuploid blastomeres from human embryos
Authors: Diblík Jan , Macek Milan , Magli M. Cristina , Krejčí Roman , Gianaroli Luca 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo find whether chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y in blastomeres of human embryos are nonrandomly localized, whether their aneuploidy affects their localization and if eventual early inactivation of chromosome X with peripheral localization is present.MethodsRelative distances from the nucleus center and edge of 1198 fluorescence in situ hybridization signals in 98 human blastomeres were measured in digital images for comparison with a mathematical model of random distribution in spherical nucleus.ResultsComparison with the mathematical model revealed that localization of chromosomes 13, 16, 21, 22, X and Y in normal and aneuploid blastomeres and that of chromosome 18 in normal blastomeres was not significantly different from random distribution. Similarly, chromosome X in blastomeres with more than one X did not appear to have a preferential localization. Only chromosome 18 in aneuploid blastomeres was differently distributed (p < 0.0001) with a shift to the nuclear periphery (p = < 0.0001).ConclusionsPeripheral localization of chromosome 18 in aneuploid blastomeres is related to embryo aneuploidy. Conversely, a peripheral localization of the inactive X chromosome was not found in blastomeres from 3‐4 day old embryos. These results open the possibility to improve embryo selection after pre‐implantation diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) assessment in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal kidneys: preliminary experience
Authors: Savelli Sara , Di Maurizio Marco , Perrone Anna , Tesei Jacopo , Francioso Antonella , Angeletti Marco , La Barbera Laura , Ballesio Laura , de Felice Carlo , Porfiri Lucio Maria , Manganaro Lucia 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping with the measurement of renal tissue ADC value of normal and pathological fetal kidneys at various gestational ages (GAs).MethodsFifty pregnant women underwent magnetic resonance images (MRI) after ultrasound (US) for suspected fetal genitourinary disorders (16) or for suspected disorders in other organs (34). A multiplanar study of urinary system was obtained by using conventional T2‐weighted sequences and echo planar imaging (EPI); Diffusion‐weighted images and ADC maps were evaluated. The renal tissue ADC value was measured for all normal and abnormal fetuses and related to GA.ResultsMRI confirmed urinary anomalies in 15 fetuses [2 renal developmental variants, 2 nephropathies, 4 multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), 7 renal tract dilatations] and detected normal kidneys in the remaining 35 fetuses. Normal renal parenchyma showed bright signal on diffusion‐weighted images with ADC values ranging from 1065 to 1327 µm2/s with a tendency to decrease over GA. A pathological ADC was detected in cases of bilateral MCDK, huge dilatations and in cases of nephropathies.ConclusionDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with ADC mapping can be used in the evaluation of fetal renal parenchyma and may become a tool of assessing function of the fetal kidney by means of measurement of renal tissue ADC values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of a 9q34.3 microdeletion by array‐CGH in a fetus with an apparently balanced translocation
Authors: Simovich Marcia J. , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Kang Sung‐Hae L. , Cheung Sau Wai , Dudek Martha E. , Pursley Amber , Ward Patricia A. , Patel Ankita , Lupski James R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectivesUse high‐resolution genome analysis to clarify the genomic integrity in a fetus with a cytogenetically balanced translocation t(2;9)(q11.2;q34.3).MethodsHigh resolution molecular cytogenetic analyses including G‐banded chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and array‐comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were performed on cultured cells, and DNA extracted from chorionic villus sample (CVS), amniotic fluid cells and fetal tissue. In addition, a custom fosmid‐based tiling path 9q34.3 microarray with a resolution of 35–40 kb was used for array‐CGH.ResultsGTG‐banding analysis showed an apparently balanced de novo translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 2 and 9; t(2;9)(q11.2;q34.3). Array‐CGH using a targeted chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) uncovered a submicroscopic deletion of the subtelomeric region of 9q34.3 revealing the unbalanced nature of the rearrangement. These results were confirmed independently by FISH. The deletion was delimited to 2.7 Mb in size using the 9q34.3 fosmid‐based tiling path array‐CGH.ConclusionArray‐CGH is a powerful tool for rapid detection of genomic imbalances associated with microdeletion/duplication syndromes and for the evaluation of de novo apparently balanced translocation to enable high‐resolution genomic analysis at the breakpoints. Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal rearrangements involving dosage‐sensitive genomic regions is an important adjuvant to prenatal care and provides more accurate information for counseling and informed decision making. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous stretching and static electric field poling of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) copolymer films
Authors: Huan Yan , Liu Yayan , Yang Yifei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPoly(vinylideneflouride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) copolymer films were simultaneously stretched and static electric poled (SSSEP) in seriate mode. The experimental results exhibited that SSSEP greatly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of the PVDF‐HFP films and slightly increased the dielectric properties of the films. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient d33 24 pC/N higher than the reported was obtained in these films under optimum condition. Based on the wide angle X‐ray diffraction results, the SSSEP films showed more organized crystalline structure than the only stretched films. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1630–1633, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheological characterization of HDPE/sisal fiber composites
Authors: Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe present paper summarizes an experimental study on the molten viscoelastic behavior of HDPE/sisal composites under steady and dynamic mode. Variations of the melt viscosity and die swell of the composites with an increase in shear rate, fiber loading, and coupling agent concentration have been investigated using capillary rheometer. The shear rate γ at the wall was calculated using Rabinowitsch correction applied to the apparent shear rate values. It was observed that the melt viscosity of the composites increased with the addition of fibers and maleic anhydride‐grafted PE (MAPE). Die swell of HDPE also decreased with the addition of sisal fibers and MAPE. Further, the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the composites was measured employing parallel plate rheometer. Time–temperature superposition was applied to generate various viscoelastic master curves. Temperature sweeps were also carried out to study the flow activation energy determined from Arrhenius equation. The fiber–matrix morphology of the extrudates was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1634–1642, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mathematical modeling of the molecular weight distribution of polypropylene produced in a loop reactor
Authors: Luo Zheng‐Hong , Zheng Yi , Cao Zhi‐Kai , Wen Shao‐Hua 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe model of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polypropylene produced in a loop reactor is established. The simulated MWD data of the polymers produced in steady‐state polymerizations agree with the actual data collected from certain plant. The simulated weight‐average molecular weight data also agree with the plant data in start‐up processes. Furthermore, the model can be used to simulate the influence of the operation parameters on the MWD of the polymers produced in the steady‐state polymerizations as well as the dynamic polymerizations. The simulated results of the steady state polymerizations show the MWD width of polypropylene decreases with the increase of both the propylene flow and the hydrogen flow, but increases with the increase of the catalyst flow. We also find the weight fraction of the polymers with short chains increases with the increase of both the propylene flow and the hydrogen flow, meanwhile, a small shift of the MWD curve to long chains can also be found as the catalyst flow increases. In the dynamic polymerizations, simulations indicate the MWD width and the weight fraction of the polymers with long chains all decrease in both of the start‐up process and the end‐up process of the polymerizations. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1643–1649, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers