bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic, Pharmacologic, and Periodontal Variables for Gingival Overgrowth in Subjects Medicated With Cyclosporin in the Absence of Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Oliveira Costa Fernando , Ferreira Sérgio Diniz , Lages Eugênio José Pereira , Costa José Estáquio , Oliveira Alcione Maria Soares Dutra , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda 
Published: February 2007

Background: The role of cyclosporin in the absence of calcium channel blockers and the associated risk variables of development and severity of gingival overgrowth have not yet been properly established. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of potential risk variables for gingival overgrowth severity in Brazilian renal transplant subjects medicated with cyclosporin in the absence of any calcium channel blockers.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal data, recorded from 194 subjects taking cyclosporin in the absence of calcium channel blockers, were analyzed using independent sample t, χ2 statistic, or Mann‐Whitney U tests. The effects of potential risk variables of gingival overgrowth severity were determined using backward stepwise regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of clinically significant gingival overgrowth was 34.5% (N = 67). These subjects presented a significantly higher papillary bleeding index and a higher plaque index compared to those without clinically significant gingival overgrowth. When all demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal data were evaluated in relation to gingival overgrowth severity, time since transplant, papillary bleeding index, serum cyclosporin concentration, and prednisolone and azathioprine dosages were significant in the univariate modeling (P <0.05) and remained significant when evaluated in the multivariate modeling (P <0.0001; adjusted R2 = 39.4%).Conclusions: In the absence of calcium channel blockers, this study showed that pharmacologic variables, such as cyclosporin serum concentration, prednisolone and azathioprine dosages, and time since transplant, are strongly related to gingival overgrowth. In addition, the periodontal variable papillary bleeding index highlighted the primary role of inflammation on the pathogenesis and severity of gingival overgrowth.
Rhetoric and Humanism in Quattrocento Venice
Authors: Cox Virginia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis essay examines the development of humanistic rhetoric in fifteenth-century Venice, taking as its starting point a remark of Ermolao Barbaro's on the inadequacy of academic rhetorical instruction as a preparation for the practical oratorical skills necessary to Venetian civic life. It is argued that the context of Barbaro's remark is a series of humanistic polemics on rhetoric that took place in Venice and Padua in the latter decades of the Quattrocento, culminating in the famous debate of the 1490s on the authenticity of theRhetorica ad Herennium. As the essay shows, a consideration of these debates reveals the way in which local, contextual factors inflected the development of humanistic rhetorical culture in Italy, the key factor here being the continuing importance in republican Venice of a live tradition of deliberative debate.
The Doctrine, Life, and Roman Trial of the Frisian Philosopher Henricus de Veno (1574?-1613)
Authors: Lüthy Christoph , Spruit Leen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper retraces the life of Henricus de Veno, professor of philosophy at the Frisian University of Franeker, summarizes his teaching, and documents the trial that was conducted against him by the Roman Inquisition in 1597-98. De Veno was probably the most innovative Dutch teacher of philosophy in the first years of the seventeenth century, as he combined the new Protestant metaphysics with a cosmology and physics inspired by Girolamo Cardano. Instead of admitting before his Calvinist colleagues that he had been in prison and had converted to Catholicism before the Roman Inquisition, he claimed to have obtained various university degrees abroad. His philosophical views and religious interests correspond to the Arminian demand for alibertas prophetandiand a certain doctrinal open-mindedness.
The Accademia Fiorentina and the Question of the Language: The Politics of Theory in Ducal Florence*
Authors: Sherberg Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFounded in 1540 as the Accademia degli Umidi, the Accademia Fiorentina quickly assumed a central role in the renewed language debate in Italy. Three Florentine protagonists of the debate, Pierfrancesco Giambullari, Giovambattista Gelli, and Carlo Lenzoni, all penned treatises in defense of contemporary Florentine as a language model, in opposition to solutions advocated by others, particularly Pietro Bembo and his followers, and Giovan Giorgio Trissino. Their writings variously support the expansionist political program of Duke Cosimo de' Medici, while at times contesting his more egalitarian domestic politics and his attempts to limit intellectual freedom.
Evaluation of cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol or a combination of ketamine-medetomidine-propofol in horses
Authors: Umar Mohammed A. , Yamashita Kazuto , Kushiro Tokiko , Muir William W. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of total IV anesthesia with propofol (P-TIVA) or ketamine-medetomidine-propofol (KMP-TIVA) in horses.
Animals—5 Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Horses were anesthetized twice for 4 hours, once with P-TIVA and once with KMP-TIVA. Horses were medicated with medetomidine (0.005 mg/kg, IV) and anesthetized with ketamine (2.5 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.04 mg/kg, IV). After receiving a loading dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg, IV), anesthesia was maintained with a constant rate infusion of propofol (0.22 mg/kg/min) for P-TIVA or with a constant rate infusion of propofol (0.14 mg/kg/min), ketamine (1 mg/kg/h), and medetomidine (0.00125 mg/kg/h) for KMP-TIVA. Ventilation was artificially controlled throughout anesthesia. Cardiovascular measurements were determined before medication and every 30 minutes during anesthesia, and recovery from anesthesia was scored.
Results—Cardiovascular function was maintained within acceptable limits during P-TIVA and KMP-TIVA. Heart rate ranged from 30 to 40 beats/min, and mean arterial blood pressure was > 90 mm Hg in all horses during anesthesia. Heart rate was lower in horses anesthetized with KMP-TIVA, compared with P-TIVA. Cardiac index decreased significantly, reaching minimum values (65% of baseline values) at 90 minutes during KMP-TIVA, whereas cardiac index was maintained between 80% and 90% of baseline values during P-TIVA. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were similarly maintained during both methods of anesthesia. With P-TIVA, some spontaneous limb movements occurred, whereas with KMP-TIVA, no movements were observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cardiovascular measurements remained within acceptable values in artificially ventilated horses during P-TIVA or KMP-TIVA. Decreased cardiac output associated with KMP-TIVA was primarily the result of decreases in heart rate.
Effects of porcine small intestinal submucosa on elution characteristics of gentamicin-impregnated plaster of Paris
Authors: Seddighi Mohammad Reza , Griffon Dominique J. , Constable Peter D. , Martin-Jimenez Tomas 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) on elution properties of plaster of Paris (POP).
Sample Population—27 POP cylinders, 27 POP spheres, and 9 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spheres.
Procedures—Pellets were loaded with gentamicin (50 mg/g) and divided into 7 groups of 9 beads each: PMMA spheres; POP cylinders coated with 0, 4, or 8 layers of SIS; and POP spheres coated with 0, 4, or 8 layers of SIS. Gentamicin concentration was measured 6, 12, 18, 24, 32, 40, and 48 hours and 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after wrapping. Porosity was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy. Curvature factor of elution curves, total amount of drug released (TDR), time required to reach 50% of total release (TDRt50), and number of days with concentrations ≥ 1 μg/mL were compared among groups.
Results—SIS decreased the curvature factor and increased the TDRt50 and TDR of POP spheres and cylinders. Curvature factor of the PMMA-release curve remained lower than that for any POP group, but all POP groups wrapped in SIS released more gentamicin than PMMA spheres. Gentamicin concentrations remained ≥ 1 μg/mL in SIS-wrapped POP and PMMA groups throughout the study. Wrapping POP in SIS minimized the increase in porosity of pellets.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Wrapping POP with SIS slows the release and increases the amount of gentamicin leaching from spheres and cylinders. All groups wrapped in SIS maintained antimicrobial concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration of most pathogens.
Effect of vaccination on parvovirus antigen testing in kittens
Authors: Patterson Erin V. , Reese Michael J. , Tucker Sylvia J. , Dubovi Edward J. , Crawford P. Cynda , Levy Julie K. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the frequency and duration of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccine-induced interference with fecal parvovirus diagnostic testing in cats.
Design—Prospective controlled study.
Animals—Sixty-four 8- to 10-week-old specific-pathogen–free kittens.
Procedures—Kittens were inoculated once with 1 of 8 commercial multivalent vaccines containing modified-live virus (MLV) or inactivated FPV by the SC or intranasal routes. Feces were tested for parvovirus antigen immediately prior to vaccination, then daily for 14 days with 3 tests designed for detection of canine parvovirus. Serum anti-FPV antibody titers were determined by use of hemagglutination inhibition prior to vaccination and 14 days later.
Results—All fecal parvovirus test results were negative prior to vaccination. After vaccination, 1 kitten had positive test results with test 1, 4 kittens had positive results with test 2, and 13 kittens had positive results with test 3. Only 1 kitten had positive results with all 3 tests, and only 2 of those tests were subjectively considered to have strongly positive results. At 14 days after vaccination, 31% of kittens receiving inactivated vaccines had protective FPV titers, whereas 85% of kittens receiving MLV vaccines had protective titers.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Animal shelter veterinarians should select fecal tests for parvovirus detection that have high sensitivity for FPV and low frequency of vaccine-related test interference. Positive parvovirus test results should be interpreted in light of clinical signs, vaccination history, and results of confirmatory testing. Despite the possibility of test interference, the benefit provided by universal MLV FPV vaccination of cats in high-risk environments such as shelters outweighs the impact on diagnostic test accuracy.
Anomotaenia barusi sp. nov. and A. alata (Cestoda, Dilepididae) from Charadrius dubius (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Slovakia, with comments on related species
Authors: Hanzelová Vladimíra , Macko Jozef , Macková Anna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring a re-assessment of tapeworm collections from wild birds in Slovakia, two Anomotaenia spp. were recovered from the intestine of the little ringed plover Charadrius dubius Scop., 1786. One of them is described as Anomotaenia barusi sp. nov. The new taxon is distinguished from related congeneric species by the different shape and size of the rostellar hooks, the number of testes and the morphology of male and female reproductive organs. The other species was identified as Anomotaenia alata Spassky et Konovalov, 1969. The validity of this species has formerly been questioned because of its striking morphological similarity to the type-species of the genus, A. microrhyncha (Krabbe, 1869), described from the same host, Philomachus pugnax (L.). Present data revealed differences in the number and measurements of the rostellar hooks, the size of the cirrus-sac, the armament of the cirrus and the presence or absence of setae at the polar ends of the inner egg envelope, which supported the validity of A. alata. The finding of A. alata in C. dubius from Slovakia represents a new host and geographical record.
Radiation field optimization in photocatalytic monolith reactors for air treatment
Authors: Singh Maniraj , Salvadó‐Estivill Ignasi , Li Puma Gianluca 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe tools for optimal design of photocatalytic air purifiers are still being established. In this article, the optimal design of monolith photocatalytic reactors irradiated by cylindrical UV lamps was investigated. The radiative transfer equation in dimensionless monoliths was solved by the Monte‐Carlo method to yield the radiation field in the reactor. The effect of the dimensionless design parameters, monolith aspect ratio, geometric ratios, catalyst reflectivity and number of lamps were investigated and correlated in terms of photon absorption efficiency (ϕ), uniformity of radiation distribution (η), and overall monolith photonic efficiency (Φ = η ϕ). Optimal design is achieved for aspect ratios of 2.5 and monolith‐to‐lamp‐length ratios in the range from 1 to 1.1. The largest number of lamps compatible with uniform air distribution over the monoliths should always be used. The optimal monolith‐to‐lamp‐distance ratio, βoptimum, was correlated as: [βoptimum = 1.698 (n + 1) − 0.279],where n is the number of lamps. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Dual‐site supported metallocene catalyst design for bimodal polyolefin synthesis
Authors: Hamilton Phillip , Song Hao , Luss Dan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe processability of various polyolefins may be enhanced by producing one having a bimodal molecular weight distribution. Such polymers can be produced by loading the reactor with a catalyst on which two different catalytic sites are impregnated. The catalysts must be loaded with a proper ratio between the two catalytic sites to produce the desired polymer. The total loading should enable a maximum polymer production in the specified residence time while keeping the maximum transient temperature below a specified maximum, in order to avoid local melting and sheet formation. A model is presented that enables this catalyst design based on kinetic information about the initiation, propagation, and deactivation reaction rates of the two individual catalytic sites. The model simulations provide insight about the factors affecting the maximum safe loading of the two catalytic sites. We show here how to utilize kinetic information about each of the two catalytic sites to predict the optimum loading of dual‐site metallocene catalysts. As the maximum temporal temperature occurs during the initial stages of the reaction, the site that leads to a faster generation of a temperature peak, exerts a stronger bound on the total polymer production than the second site. The larger the propagation and/or the initiation rate constants or their activation energies are, the lower should be the catalyst loading. The deactivation rate constants affect both the relative site loading of the two sites as well as the total production. The total polymer production can be increased by decreasing the deactivation rate of the more active site. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Drying and film formation of industrial waterborne latices
Authors: Ludwig I. , Schabel W. , Kind M. , Castaing J.‐C. , Ferlin P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractExperimental evidence is given for the mechanism of film formation from industrial waterborne latices using Inverse‐Micro‐Raman‐Spectroscopy (IMRS). In the vertical direction of the film drying is gas‐side controlled, indicated by uniform water concentration profiles. In the horizontal direction inhomogeneous drying resulting from a horizontal mass flux toward the edge of the film and the formation of a drying front are observed. The completeness of film formation is tested by so‐called IMRS redispersion experiments. For hard latices (Texperiment ≃ Tmff) particle deformation is incomplete and the final coating—although transparent and optically clear—is a porous structure with a network of surfactant material located at the particle interfaces. The use of a film‐forming aid lowers the polymer's minimum film formation temperature (Tmff) and facilitates particle deformation and polymer interdiffusion. The result is a nonporous film structure where individual particles and a network of surfactant material are no longer observed. IMRS redispersion experiments are compared with pictures of the final coating surface obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM). © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome
Authors: Kochhar Amit , Fischer Stephanie M. , Kimberling William J. , Smith Richard J.H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBranchio‐oto‐renal syndrome, a phenotype consisting of hearing loss, auricular malformations, branchial arch remnants, and renal anomalies is now recognized as one of the more common forms of autosomal dominant syndromic hearing impairment. Three loci known to be associated with the BOR phenotype have been identified and two genes that act in a regulatory network have been cloned, EYA1 and SIX1. EYA1 and SIX1 are homologous to genes involved in Drosophila eye development, eyes absent gene (eya), and sine oculis (so), respectively. EYA1, a transcriptional co‐activator has a conserved, 271‐amino acid, C‐terminal known as the Eya Domain (ED). SIX1 has two highly conserved domains; a homeodomain (HD) and a specific Six‐domain (SD) whose products function as transcription factors with specific DNA‐binding activity that are crucial for protein–protein interaction. To determine the molecular basis for the organ defects that occur in BOR syndrome, many studies have focused on the effects of mutations to EYA and effects of mutations of the EYA‐SIX regulatory system. However, over 60% of BOR syndrome patients do not have known mutations in EYA1 and relatively little is known about mutations to SIX1. Further evaluation of SIX1 and its related target genes may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of BOR syndrome and offer greater clues to the disease mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective desorption of carbon dioxide from sewage sludge for in situ methane enrichment—Part II: modelling and evaluation of experiments
Authors: Lindberg Anna , Rasmuson Åke C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn situ methane enrichment in anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge has been investigated by experiments and by modelling. Sludge from a full scale digester was fed to a pilot scale bubble column having 0.3 m diameter for preferential desorption of carbon dioxide. In this second part, a model describing the steady‐state performance of the bubble column for desorption of carbon dioxide and methane has been developed. The column is assumed to operate in the homogeneous flow regime, and with respect to carbon dioxide and methane both phases are described by the axial dispersion model. The model treats the chemical reaction equilibrium between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate as being slow and the bicarbonate concentration as being constant. The model is correlated to previously reported experimental results to determine the liquid side mass transfer coefficient in each experiment. A simple power law model is used to correlate the mass transfer coefficient to the gas flow rate. In general, the model allows for a reasonable qualitative description of the behaviour of the bubble column performance but the quantitative agreement with experimental results is not satisfactory. It is believed, though that the main problem is actually not in the model but is related to experimental uncertainties concerning inlet concentrations of liquid phase methane and bicarbonate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1039–1052. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolonged cell‐free protein synthesis using dual energy sources: Combined use of creatine phosphate and glucose for the efficient supply of ATP and retarded accumulation of phosphate
Authors: Kim Tae‐Wan , Oh In‐Seok , Keum Jung‐Won , Kwon Yong‐Chan , Byun Ju‐Young , Lee Kyung‐Ho , Choi Cha‐Yong , Kim Dong‐Myung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe accumulation of inorganic phosphate inhibits protein synthesis in cell‐free protein synthesis reactions that are energized by high‐energy‐phosphate‐containing compounds. This study developed a new scheme for supplying energy using dual energy sources to enhance the regeneration of ATP and lower the rate of phosphate accumulation. In the proposed scheme, where creatine phosphate (CP) and glucose were simultaneously used as the energy sources, the phosphate released from the CP was subsequently used in the glycolytic pathway for the utilization of the glucose, which enhanced the ATP supply and reduced the rate of inorganic phosphate accumulation. When tested against different proteins, the developed method produced 2–3 times more protein than the conventional ATP regeneration methods using single energy sources. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1510–1515. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of sulfide on nitrate reduction in mixed methanogenic cultures
Authors: Tugtas A. Evren , Pavlostathis Spyros G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effect of sulfide on nitrate reduction and methanogenesis was investigated in two mixed, mesophilic (35°C) methanogenic cultures: sulfide‐free and sulfide‐acclimated (67 mg S/L total sulfide). A mixture of dextrin/peptone served as the carbon/electron donor source for the two stock cultures, as well as in all assays reported here. The sulfide‐free enriched culture was amended with both nitrate (75–350 mg N/L) and sulfide (10–100 mg S/L). Denitrification was the predominant pathway at all sulfide levels tested and methanogenesis did not recover in any of the sulfide‐ and nitrate‐amended cultures, except in the 10 mg S/L culture. Accumulation of denitrification intermediates such as NO and N2O took place, which irreversibly inhibited the methanogens and resulted in the complete cessation of methane production. In contrast, conversion of nitrate to nitrite and then to ammonia via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) prevented the accumulation of denitrification intermediates and led to the recovery of methanogenesis in the nitrate‐amended, sulfide‐acclimated, mixed methanogenic culture. The effect of the COD/N value on nitrate reduction was assessed with the sulfide‐acclimated, methanogenic culture at COD/N values of 10, 20, and 60. As the COD/N value increased, the fraction of nitrate reduced through DNRA also increased. The results of this study have significant implications relative to the combined anaerobic treatment of carbon‐, nitrogen‐, and/or sulfur‐bearing wastes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97:1448–1459. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.