bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Immunomodulatory Program Triggered by Protolerogenic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Drives Cardiac Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Gavzy Samuel J. , Kensiski Allison , Saxena Vikas , Lakhan Ram , Hittle Lauren , Wu Long , Iyyathurai Jegan , Dhakal Hima , Lee Zachariah L. , Li Lushen , Lee Young S. , Zhang Tianshu , Lwin Hnin Wai , Shirkey Marina W. , Paluskievicz Christina M. , Piao Wenji , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Ma Bing , Bromberg Jonathan S. 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Despite ongoing improvements to regimens preventing allograft rejection, most cardiac and other organ grafts eventually succumb to chronic vasculopathy, interstitial fibrosis, or endothelial changes, and eventually graft failure. The events leading to chronic rejection are still poorly understood and the gut microbiota is a known driving force in immune dysfunction. We previously showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis profoundly influences the outcome of vascularized cardiac allografts and subsequently identified biomarker species associated with these differential graft outcomes.

Methods.
In this study, we further detailed the multifaceted immunomodulatory properties of protolerogenic and proinflammatory bacterial species over time, using our clinically relevant model of allogenic heart transplantation.

Results.
In addition to tracing longitudinal changes in the recipient gut microbiome over time, we observed that Bifidobacterium pseudolongum induced an early anti-inflammatory phenotype within 7 d, whereas Desulfovibrio desulfuricans resulted in a proinflammatory phenotype, defined by alterations in leukocyte distribution and lymph node (LN) structure. Indeed, in vitro results showed that B pseudolongum and D desulfuricans acted directly on primary innate immune cells. However, by 40 d after treatment, these 2 bacterial strains were associated with mixed effects in their impact on LN architecture and immune cell composition and loss of colonization within gut microbiota, despite protection of allografts from inflammation with B pseudolongum treatment.

Conclusions.
These dynamic effects suggest a critical role for early microbiota-triggered immunologic events such as innate immune cell engagement, T-cell differentiation, and LN architectural changes in the subsequent modulation of protolerant versus proinflammatory immune responses in organ transplant recipients.
Public health surveillance of new psychoactive substances: recent developments
Authors: Fitzgerald Nicole D. , Cottler Linda B. , Palamar Joseph J. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of reviewNew psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to emerge globally and present a threat to public health. This article summarizes the most recent literature on approaches for monitoring NPS use and adverse events related to use.Recent findingsA variety of approaches have recently been employed for surveillance of NPS use and associated harms, including the use of toxicology testing of patients in emergency departments, surveys of sentinel populations, drug checking and syringe services programs, wastewater-based epidemiology, and retrospective analyses of clinical samples and toxicology reports. These studies cover a range of time periods and NPS examined across numerous countries.SummaryAreas of particular interest for future research include the use of data from drug checking services to inform surveillance efforts of the illicit drug supply and the development of methods for wastewater-based monitoring of NPS. Studies that combine self-report data with toxicology testing in particular are important for capturing unintentional or unknown exposure to NPS including fentanyls and drugs like xylazine. Given the limitations associated with individual indicators of drug use and associated harms, the harmonization of multiple data sources can help present a more complete picture of both trends involving NPS to better inform public health responses.
Identification of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria that can be associated with DFI and their therapeutic in Elnaw teaching hospital
Authors: Ahmed Fathi Sharief , Ibrahim Hiba Siddig , Saeed Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: April 2024

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one of the commonest diabetic complications, which considered a major public health concern around the world, with the rising prevalence especially in developing countries. Globally, adults with diabetes accounted for 463 million in 2019 according to the International Diabetes Federation.
The aim of this study was to identify the anaerobic and aerobic bacteria that causing DFI and their therapeutic regimen on diabetic patients in diabetic clinic room in Elnaw teaching hospital - Khartoum state.
The study showed that there was no infection by anaerobic organism and the most frequently isolated organisms were gram negative rods (70%) which represents (65%) on diabetic patients.
The commonest isolated organism was S.aureus (30%) followed by E.coli (25%) in control group (non-diabetic), while Klebsiella.spp and S.aureus with (20%) for each; were isolated from the clinic room swabs.
Early diagnosis, optimal management and effective antibiotic therapy are necessary to prevent DFI and amputation.
How dietary landscapes impact food allergy
Authors: Ni Duan , Senior Alistair , Tan Jian , Macia Laurence , Nanan Ralph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiets and environments are critical determinants for food allergy development. Harnessing unprecedented epidemiological and nutritional data, we examined the overall dietary environments for common food allergens and their intrinsic nutrient composition. We found that food and macronutrient supplies minimally impacted food allergy prevalence, but higher protein and glycine in food allergens correlated with less allergies. These findings offer new directions in food allergy research and management.
Mechanical causes and implications of repetitive DNA motifs
Authors: Torrillo Paul , Swigon David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExperimental research suggests that local patterns in DNA sequences can result in stiffer or more curved structures, potentially impacting chromatin formation, transcription regulation, and other processes. However, the effect of sequence variation on DNA geometry and mechanics remains relatively underexplored. Using rigid base pair models to aid rapid computation, we investigated the sample space of 100 bp DNA sequences to identify mechanical extrema based on metrics such as static persistence length, global bend, or angular deviation. Our results show that repetitive DNA motifs are overrepresented in these extrema. We identified specific extremal motifs and demonstrated that their geometric and mechanical properties significantly differ from standard DNA through hierarchical clustering. We provide a mathematical argument supporting the presence of DNA repeats in extremizing sequences. Finally, we find that repetitive DNA motifs with extreme mechanical properties are prevalent in genetic databases and hypothesize that their unique mechanical properties could contribute to this abundance.
Risks from Language Models for Automated Mental Healthcare: Ethics and Structure for Implementation
Authors: Grabb Declan , Lamparth Max , Vasan Nina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmidst the growing interest in developing task-autonomous AI for automated mental health care, this paper addresses the ethical and practical challenges associated with the issue and proposes a structured framework that delineates levels of autonomy, outlines ethical requirements, and defines beneficial default behaviors for AI agents in the context of mental health support. We also evaluate ten state-of-the-art language models using 16 mental health-related questions designed to reflect various mental health conditions, such as psychosis, mania, depression, suicidal thoughts, and homicidal tendencies. The question design and response evaluations were conducted by mental health clinicians (M.D.s). We find that existing language models are insufficient to match the standard provided by human professionals who can navigate nuances and appreciate context. This is due to a range of issues, including overly cautious or sycophantic responses and the absence of necessary safeguards. Alarmingly, we find that most of the tested models could cause harm if accessed in mental health emergencies, failing to protect users and potentially exacerbating existing symptoms. We explore solutions to enhance the safety of current models. Before the release of increasingly task-autonomous AI systems in mental health, it is crucial to ensure that these models can reliably detect and manage symptoms of common psychiatric disorders to prevent harm to users. This involves aligning with the ethical framework and default behaviors outlined in our study. We contend that model developers are responsible for refining their systems per these guidelines to safeguard against the risks posed by current AI technologies to user mental health and safety.Trigger warningContains and discusses examples of sensitive mental health topics, including suicide and self-harm.
Determinants in the HTLV-1 capsid major homology region that are critical for virus particle assembly
Authors: Yang Huixin , Arndt William G. , Zhang Wei , Mansky Louis M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Gag protein of retroviruses is the primary driver of virus particle assembly. Particle morphologies among retroviral genera are distinct, with intriguing differences observed relative to HIV-1, particularly that of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In contrast to HIV-1 and other retroviruses where the capsid (CA) carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) possesses the key amino acid determinants involved in driving Gag-Gag interactions, we have previously demonstrated that the amino-terminal domain (NTD) encodes the key residues crucial for Gag multimerization and immature particle production. Here in this study, we sought to thoroughly interrogate the conserved HTLV-1 major homology region (MHR) of the CACTDto determine whether this region harbors residues important for particle assembly. In particular, site-directed mutagenesis of the HTLV-1 MHR was conducted, and mutants were analyzed for their ability to impact Gag subcellular distribution, particle production and morphology, as well as the CA-CA assembly kinetics. Several key residues (i.e., Q138, E142, Y144, F147 and R150), were found to significantly impact Gag multimerization and particle assembly. Taken together, these observations imply that while the HTLV-1 CANTDacts as the major region involved in CA-CA interactions, residues in the MHR can impact Gag multimerization, particle assembly and morphology, and likely play an important role in the conformation the CACTDthat is required for CA-CA interactions.
Measuring
hhWW
coupling at lepton colliders
Authors: Cao Qing-Hong , Cheng Kun , Liu Yandong , Wang Xiao-Rui 
Published: April 2024

The quartic Higgs-gauge-boson coupling ghhWW is sensitive to the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism; however, it is challenging to be measured at the Large Hadron Collider. We show that the coupling can be well probed at future lepton colliders through di-Higgs boson production via the vector boson fusion channel. We perform a detailed simulation of ℓ+ℓ−→νν¯hh→4b+ET with parton showering effects at e+e−, μ+μ− and e−μ+ colliders. We find that the regions of ghhWW/ghhWWSM<0.86 and ghhWW/ghhWWSM>1.32 can be discovered at the 5σ confidence level at the 10 TeV μ+μ− collider with an integrated luminosity of 3  ab−1. We also demonstare that ghhWW/ghhWWSM is constrained within [0.72, 1.66], [0.72, 1.70], [0.84, 1.32], and [0.88, 1.14] at the 1 TeV e+e−, eμ colliders, 2 TeV eμ collider, and 10 TeV μ+μ− collider, respectively, given null excess observed at the 2σ confidence level with an integrated luminosity of 3  ab−1.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
New bounds on light millicharged particles from the tip of the red-giant branch
Authors: Fung Audrey , Heeba Saniya , Liu Qinrui , Muralidharan Varun , Schutz Katelin , Vincent Aaron C. 
Published: April 2024

Stellar energy loss is a sensitive probe of light, weakly coupled dark sectors, including ones containing millicharged particles (MCPs). The emission of MCPs can affect stellar evolution and therefore can alter the observed properties of stellar populations. In this work, we improve upon the accuracy of existing stellar limits on MCPs by self-consistently modeling (1) the MCP emission rate, accounting for all relevant in-medium effects and production channels and (2) the evolution of stellar interiors (including backreactions from MCP emission) using the stellar evolution code. We find MCP emission leads to significant brightening of the tip of the red-giant branch. Based on photometric observations of 15 globular clusters whose bolometric magnitudes are inferred using parallaxes from astrometry, we obtain robust bounds on the existence of MCPs with masses below 100 keV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Co-design and pilot of a virtual reality intervention to improve mental and physical healthcare accessibility for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Acton Daniel James , Arnold Rosalyn , Williams Gavin , NG Nicky , Mackay Kirstyn , Jaydeokar Sujeet 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This preliminary study aims to examine the use of a co-designed immersive virtual reality intervention programme in improving access to health care for people with intellectual disability.

Design/methodology/approach
A co-production approach was used to design a virtual reality intervention in collaboration with people with intellectual disability, their families and carers. A mixed-method single sample pre-test-post-test design examined using a virtual reality intervention simulating health-care environments to improve access of attending health-care appointments. Qualitative feedback was used to understand participants’ experience and opinions of using the digital technology.

Findings
The study found that the intervention did help people access health-care appointment and reduced their fear. Improvements were also found in quality-of-life post intervention. Positive feedback was provided from participants on using digital technologies indicating the novelty of the approach and potential further applications.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which has used virtual reality to support people with intellectual disability access health care.
Tourism promotion budgets and tourism demand: the Andalusian case
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of Andalusia’s tourism promotion budgets and the efficiency of its campaigns from 2010 to 2022.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods approach is used. Tourism promotion budgets from 2010 to 2022 were measured as a supply indicator. Demand indicators (e.g. airport’s passenger arrivals, number of tourists and hotel occupancy rate) are analysed to measure tourism promotion budget impacts on them.

Findings
Tourism promotion budgets are a priority to stimulate tourism demand for Andalusia in times of uncertainly, and promotion campaigns are pivotal to attract and convert potential customers into actual tourists. Moreover, findings reveal that tourism promotion budgets had positive impacts on tourism demand. Whereas tourism promotion campaigns such as “Andalucía wants you back”, “Intensely”, Fitur, World Travel Market, ITB Berlin events and tourism advertising through digital channels have helped to improve tourism demand in Andalusia, ignoring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020.

Originality/value
This study emphasizes how tourism promotion budgets and promotion campaigns must be constantly monitored by destination marketing organizations to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of assigned economic budgets and its return on investment.
Building synergistic mindsets in international business education: the unmet demands of a VUCA marketplace
Authors: Abdelzaher Dina M. , Onumonu Muna 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opening experience that put to the test our crisis management competencies across many institutions, including those offered by institutions of higher education. This study aims to review the literature on international business (IB) risks and IB education (IBE) to question whether business graduates are equipped to make decisions in today’s volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) marketplace.Design/methodology/approachWhile the IB literature has discussed the importance of various sources of risks on global business operations, IBE did not effectively adopt an integrative approach to building the needed risk management competencies related to those risks into our education. The authors argue that this integrative approach to teaching IB is critically needed to prepare future global managers for addressing crises, like that of the pandemic and others. Specifically, this study proposes that this integrated risk management competency can be developed through the building of “synergistic mindsets”.FindingsThis study presents a conceptual framework for the components of the synergistic mindset, with intelligence that directly links to present IB risks. These components are cultural intelligence (CQ), emotional intelligence (EQ), public policy intelligence (PPQ), digital intelligence (DQ) and orchestration intelligence (OQ).Originality/valueInsights related to IBE effectiveness in addressing today’s VUCA market demands and IB risks are discussed.
Addressing brain drain through employee development: the interplay of organizational commitment, turnover intention, and individual differences in Lebanon’s health-care sector
Authors: Abdallah Yassine Raghida , Jacobs Ronald Lynn 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of employee development programs on organizational commitment and its subsequent impact on employee turnover intention by considering individual differences for non-medical staff in a health-care institution in Lebanon. This study is relevant in understanding and addressing the brain drain phenomenon in the Lebanese health-care sector.

Design/methodology/approach
Correlational analysis and hierarchical regression were conducted to examine the relationships among employee development, organizational commitment and turnover intention. The study also made use of Process by Hayes to examine the existence of a moderated mediated relationship, which is the central point of this research.

Findings
Results indicate that when holding constant frequency of training, individuals high in commitment report a lesser intention to leave compared to those low in commitment. As a first-stage moderated mediation model is understood, this finding shows that the indirect effect of frequency of training on turnover intention through organizational commitment is moderated by individual differences.

Originality/value
The findings of this study, based on the human capital theory and social exchange theory, enhance our understanding of how employee development influences organizational commitment, predominantly in the context of Lebanon’s health-care sector grappling with brain drain. Additionally, by integrating both the self-determination theory and the expectancy theory, the study provides a new stance on how intrinsic motivational factors contribute to a better understanding of this complex relationship, especially considering the brain drain dilemma. This study addressed the gap in research studies that failed to explore the extent of the relationship between employee development and turnover intention by highlighting the importance of looking at the relationship as a moderated mediated type of relationship. The findings highlight the importance of organizations implementing the right development programs, as they yield higher levels of organizational commitment and subsequently decrease the intention to leave. This study is important for health-care organizations in Lebanon, suggesting a strategic approach to retain skilled professionals amidst ongoing migration challenges.
Accountability and legitimacy in the annual reports of Bangladeshi NGOs
Authors: Alam Md. Saiful , Hossain Dewan Mahboob 
Published: April 2024

Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate how different accountability practices might be observed in the annual reports of non-government organisations (NGOs) in Bangladesh. The study further aims to understand whether such accountability disclosures support NGO legitimacy in Bangladesh and if so, in what form.Design/methodology/approach To fulfil this objective, a content analysis was conducted on the annual reports of 24 selected leading NGOs operating in Bangladesh. The data were then analysed through the not-for-profit accountability framework of Dhanani and Connolly (2012). Theoretical constructs of legitimacy were further mobilised to corroborate the evidence.Findings It was found that NGOs operating in Bangladesh discharged all four types of accountability, i.e., strategic, fiduciary, financial and procedural (Dhanani and Connolly, 2012) through annual reports. The findings further suggested that carrying out these accountabilities supported the legitimation process of NGOs. Moreover, we found that NGOs took care of the needs of both primary and secondary stakeholders although they widely used self-laudatory positively charged words to disclose information about their accountabilities.Originality/value The study contributes to the limited accounting research on the public disclosures of NGOs and not-for-profit firms particularly in emerging economy settings. Also, we contribute to the limited research on the accountability-legitimacy link of NGOs evident in public disclosures like annual reports.
Impact of digital advancements on accounting, auditing and reporting literature: insights, practice implications and future research directions
Authors: Rabbani Mustafa Raza 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The study aims to use bibliometric and scientometric analysis to conduct a detailed investigation on the impact of disruptive technologies in accounting and reporting literature. To draw both academics and practitioners through accelerated research activities, the study also aims to look into the significance of these disruptive technologies, their potential and the opportunities they present for the accounting profession.

Design/methodology/approach
With the use of the Scopus database and a combination of accounting, reporting, auditing and technology-related keywords, 1660 research articles published between 2008 and 2023 were included in the sample. To provide graphical analysis of bibliometric data and visualize research findings such as bibliographic coupling, co-citation and keyword co-occurrence, this study used the R-biblioshiny and VOSViewer tools.

Findings
The findings demonstrate a growth in scholarly interest in the study’s area, particularly in recent years. The bibliometric analysis focuses on three key uses and applications of technology in the accounting and auditing professions: the adoption of continuous auditing and monitoring in the audit profession, the use of software tools in the audit and accounting professions and the connections between information systems and audit.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by examining current research trends on the use of technology in the accounting and reporting professions, identifying gaps in the literature and, most importantly, proposing a research agenda for the field. This study’s data came entirely from English-language articles and reviews in the Scopus database. It also considers studies that are directly relevant to the use of technology in accounting and reporting.