bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiuser detection for S‐UMTS and GMR‐1 mobile systems
Authors: Neri Massimo , Casadei Marika , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro , Corazza Giovanni E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we dwell on the applicability of successive interference cancellation (SIC) and turbo spatial minimum mean‐squared error joint to parallel interference cancellation (turbo SMMSE‐PIC) to a CDMA and a TDMA mobile satellite system (MSS), i.e. Satellite Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (S‐UMTS) and Geo Mobile Radio (GMR‐1), which provide seamless service and coverage extension to their terrestrial counterparts: UMTS and GSM. The adoption of MUD techniques for the return link of these two systems turns out to be instrumental in achieving the required high spectral efficiency but is also very challenging due to the peculiarities of the MSS environment. The theoretical capacity is computed for the considered scenarios, and is then compared with the system performance in real conditions, considering correlated Rician fading, non‐linear distortion introduced by high‐power amplifiers, and residual parameter estimation errors. Physical layer results are used to perform a link budget study and assess the potential system throughput increase. Our results show that MUD techniques allow to largely increase MSS throughput: in S‐UMTS the gain exceeds 50%, while full frequency reuse can be adopted in GMR‐1, compared with the three or more frequency reuse patterns adopted in currently operating systems. In S‐UMTS, the additional antenna gain in the beam centre is exploited to further boost the achievable capacity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taurine and zoo felids: considerations of dietary and biological tissue concentrations
Authors: Hedberg Gail E. , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Rogers Quinton R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTaurine (TAU) is an essential amino acid required in the diets of Felidae at concentrations ranging between 0.04 and 0.2% on a dry matter (DM) basis (in purified, highly digestible diets, and canned diets, respectively). Although the domestic cat seems to be an appropriate physiologic model for zoo felids, it is sometimes difficult to assess TAU status in zoo feeding programs owing to scattered information on feed ingredient TAU content as well as a lack of normal ranges for assessment of TAU in biological tissues. Knowing that TAU is required in the formulation of hand‐rearing diets for exotic felids, the TAU content of 38 ingredients or products used in zoo carnivore feeding or hand‐rearing programs was summarized, including 21 new feedstuffs for which TAU data were previously lacking. The kitten milk replacer contained a lower than expected value for TAU. Commercially prepared frozen or canned meat products, seafood products, whole rodent prey, and most strained meat jarred baby foods contained adequate TAU; chunk meats, and some specific types of jarred baby food meats were considerably lower in TAU content (≤0.10% DM) than other foodstuffs. TAU concentrations in plasma and whole blood of eight spp. of zoo felids sampled opportunistically fell within reference ranges for domestic cats (80–120 and 300–600 nmol/ml in plasma and whole blood, respectively). Plasma concentrations are a useful measure of dietary impact, whereas whole blood concentrations seem to reflect tissue storage of this nutrient. Zoo Biol 26:517–531, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Campaign to End Fistula: What have we learned? Findings of facility and community needs assessments
Authors: Velez A. , Ramsey K. , Tell K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo present a summary of the findings of the fistula needs assessments that have been conducted through the Campaign to End Fistula in 25 countries in Africa and Asia to expand knowledge on the issue related to causes and impact, country capacity to manage the problem and clinical and programmatic gaps.MethodThe methodology of the assessments was qualitative and quantitative, and included focus group discussions; in‐depth interviews/narratives; key informant interviews; and review of medical records, with slight variations by country.ResultsAnalysis of 20 of these assessments provides insight into the capacities, gaps, and perspectives specific to each country regarding fistula prevention and treatment and the social reintegration of treated women.ConclusionNeeds assessment findings have been key tools to spark action and guide the implementation of national programs to eliminate obstetric fistulas throughout Africa and Asia.
Unveiling the structure of the Marrakech Medina: A shape grammar and an interpreter for generating urban form
Authors: Duarte José P. , Rocha João M. , Soares Gonçalo Ducla 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper describes research carried out to develop a parametric urban shape grammar for the Zaouiat Lakhdar quarter of the Medina of Marrakech in Morocco. The goal is to create the basis for a system that could capture some features of the existing urban fabric and apply them in contemporary urban planning and architectural design. The methodology used is described, from the initial historical analysis and fieldwork to the identification of three subgrammars necessary to encode the complexity of the urban preexistences: the urban grammar, the negotiation grammar, and the housing grammar. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to grammar design are analyzed and compared. The bottom-up urban grammar developed is then described, and a hand derivation of the existing urban fabric is proposed. Visual, symbolic, and tagged computer implementations of shape grammars are briefly discussed and a novel design generated by the tagged interpreter is presented.
A function–behavior–structure ontology of processes
Authors: Gero John S. , Kannengiesser Udo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper presents how the function–behavior–structure (FBS) ontology can be used to represent processes despite its original focus on representing objects. The FBS ontology provides a uniform framework for classifying processes, and includes higher level semantics in their representation. We show that this ontology supports a situated view of processes based on a model of three interacting worlds. The situated FBS framework is then used to describe the situated design of processes.
Moderate psallendo: Musical participation in worship among Gilbertine nuns
Authors: JOSSELYN-CRANSON HEATHER 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Gilbertine Order, a monastic community for both sexes founded by Gilbert of Sempringham, attracted the attention of contemporaries because of the close proximity of the men and women who made up its members. Although Gilbertine canons, nuns, lay brothers and lay sisters were strictly separated by gender, the possibility of scandal aroused the suspicion of twelfth-century observers. Modern scholars seem to share the same fascination, even as this applies to the musical history of the order. Many Gilbertine scholars assume that the nuns of the Order of Sempringham did not participate musically in Mass or the Office, lest the canons of the Order fall into sin at the sound of their alluring, feminine voices. This article re-examines the texts that have prompted such assumptions, including the Gilbertine Institutiones, two papal bulls directed at the Order, and works by John Capgrave, John of Salisbury, Gerald of Wales and Nigel de Longchamps. The reassessment of these texts provides evidence that the Gilbertine nuns did sing in worship, albeit in a restricted fashion.
2 TheFastias a Source for Women's Participation in Roman Cult
Authors: Fantham Elaine 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter considers the Fasti as a source for women’s participation in Roman cult. Collective supplications, private prayers and offerings, rites associated with chastity and fertility, the ritual of lavatio, the classification of women into matrons, virgins and prostitutes for the cult of Venus, and the poet’s instructions for women on proper behaviour as worshippers, are discussed. The chapter shows how Ovid, with his selection of festivals concerning women, has designed his text to frame his narratives with tributes to the Augustan moral and social ideology for women embodied in the public acts of Livia, the ‘first woman in Rome’.
3Vaga Signa: Orion and Sirius in Ovid'sFasti
Authors: Gee Emma 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter considers the intertextual relationship between Ovid’s didactic poem and Virgil’s Georgics, a relationship which provides a didactic subtext that unites the Robigalia, Orion, and Mars Ultor. The common features in the apparently dissimilar structure, content, and programme of the two passages help to shed light on the way in which misrepresentations of astronomical material function in the immediate context in the Fasti, and on the place of astronomy in the work as a whole.
4 Varro's Three Theologies and their Influence on theFasti
Authors: Green C. M. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter chooses Fasti Book Four to illustrate how Ovid appropriated and adapted Varro’s division of religion into three theologiae: the philosophical, the civic, and the mythical, as a means of weaving together multifaceted ceremonies and festivals into a thematic whole. The philosophical theology of April is that of divine generation, and fire and water are the generative principal which appears in protean generative transformations throughout the book. The civic theology is Peace, civil companion of generative power, source and guarantor of fruitfulness, and an important theme in the Augustan religious and artistic programme. The theology of mythicon is the theatre, an essential part of religious festivals whence tales of the gods, licentious, and solemn, were learned. Ovid’s application of Varro’s theologiae demonstrate that he was not restricted by the calendar but was creating a religiously innovative, intellectually coherent, and artistically daring calendar for Augustus’ Rome.
6 Seen, not Heard:Feminea Linguain Ovid'sFastiand the Critical Gaze
Authors: Keegan Peter Mark 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter tests the degree to which the Fasti is immersed in and co-opted by the prevailing masculinist culture of its time, and compares interpretations of modern critics examining Ovid’s (re)presentations of women. It finds some colluding with the poet’s conservative phallocentric imperatives on ritual(ized) female activity. It contends that the ways by which Ovid engages in negating, inhibiting, silencing, or slaying women are reflected in modern interpretative practices, and notes the operation of an intertextuality between the criticized and the critic. It offers a reading of Ovid’s Regifugium and the rape of Lucretia as a suggested methodology for an interpretation sensitive to sexual(ized) nuances in the Fasti and a way of delimiting and abnegating the perpetuation of the Philomela/Tacita syndrome in contemporary literary-critical and histori(ographi)cal practices.
7 Representing the Great Mother to Augustus
Authors: Knox Peter E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter offers the festival of the Magna Mater as a test case for showing how Ovid appropriated a foreign cult for a Roman context. Ovid is less interested in the public or official aspects of the cult than in the mythological justification for its rites. His text betrays the influence of Hellenistic aetiological narrative, especially that written in a 3rd-century Alexandrian context, in which the Phrygian cult was appropriated by poets for Ptolemaic Egypt. That model of appropriation is evident in Ovid’s story of Claudia, in which Phrygian and Alexandrian material is fused, and in which both the religious and political aspects of the cult are in play. Ovid’s Cybele coincides almost precisely with what we can identify as Augustus’ aims for the cult in c.AD 4.
8imperii pignora certa: The Role of Numa in Ovid'sFasti
Authors: Littlewood R. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAnalyzing Numa’s role in Fasti, this chapter examines the polyphonic character of Ovid’s comparison with Augustus of Numa, traditional founder of Roman cult. In an analysis of a passage describing the aetiology of the ancilia, the sacred shields of Mars’ worship in Book Three, this chapter argues that the poet appears to celebrate the years when the young Augustus’ name was incorporated into the hymn of the Salii and presented with the Clupeus Virtutis, using intertextual allusions to Virgil’s Aristaeus episode to evoke the imagery of the great literary shields. It argues for the emergence of characteristic ambivalence in the central section where Ovid recasts Numa as a silver-tongued subject outwitting an autocratic Jupiter, a situation metaphorically underlined by the motif of a lightning strike which Numa is compelled to expiate and the poet’s parenthetic aside concerning what must remain unsaid.
Introduction
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This introductory chapter describes both the narrative and the argument of the book. It also glosses the subtitle, A History of the Moral Imagination, by setting out the method of this study. Rather than just focusing on inter-textual sources and influences, the book also examines those pre-rational assumptions, those shared ways of imagining human nature, and its moral potential, which literary and philosophical writers have in common. Poets and philosophers are understood not only as responding directly to one another's work, but also as reflecting, independently, on the shared assumptions that inform each other's writings, and thereby affecting, indirectly, the imaginative landscape in which they each operate.
Spenser, Psychomachia, and the Limits of Governance
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores the presentation of the passions in The Faerie Queene, arguing that Spenser treats these as hostile, morally disruptive forces within the soul, powers which reason must fight against in a perpetual psychomachia. It examines the limits of Spenser's debt to Aristotle: Spenser mirrors Aristotle's idea that men are constantly prone to degenerate from a state of akrasia (weakness of will) into one of outright vice (a love of evil), but he does not match Aristotle's faith that characters can develop the other way too, towards moral perfection and consistently virtuous conduct. Afflicted by shame at their own weakness, Spenser's knights struggle to realize virtues such as temperance, often requiring the help of grace. However, important though that grace is, Spenser repeatedly affirms the primacy of reason in steering men's conduct towards goodness. Grace is an assistant power in the struggle for virtue; rational self-determination remains central.
Hamlet ‘Lapsed in Passion’
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses two aspects of Hamlet damaging to Elizabethan moral assumptions. First, Hamlet strives to imitate the fury of Senecan heroes, i.e., to invoke an overwhelming passion in himself, because without that impulse he is incapable of acting. (The Elizabethan rationalist's passionless state has this drawback, that it deprives man of the inward force needed to motivate actions.) In practice, though, Hamlet can only imitate such passion, not feel the real thing. Lacking genuine outrage, he embraces self-delusions instead, pretending that he is working purposefully towards vengeance or is furious when actually he is not. Second, this same Hamlet is passionate in his revulsion against the flesh. His obsession with bringing moral reformation to Denmark, a quality which makes him reminiscent of earlier moralists, is heartfelt, but drives him into such frenzied conduct towards Gertrude that Hamlet thereby brings the probity of all such moral asceticism into question.
Renaissance Tragedy and the Fracturing of Familiar Terms
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines three factors which resist the rationalism of Elizabethan moral philosophy. The first is the human penchant for self-delusion, a theme which is explored in Montaigne's Essays, and via Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. In the latter, Brutus represents Caesar's assassination to himself as a rational imperative, the logical demand of Roman republicanism; yet Brutus is overcome by guilt and doubt about his own motives after the fact. The chapter also considers the ungovernable nature of sexual passion, reason's aspirations to hegemony within the soul notwithstanding. Here, the focal text is Chapman's Bussy D'Ambois, in which the lead characters quickly become slaves to the erotic demands of body and blood. Finally, this chapter also charts the relentless power of self-interest in distorting reason's otherwise moral and upright thought processes. This is the dominant concern in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida, a work which in various respects anticipates Hobbes's philosophy.
Augustinian and Aristotelian Influences from Herbert to Milton
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
There are two themes in this chapter. The first examines Augustine's anti-Stoic argument that passions informed by a good will (a will centred around a love of God) are intrinsically valuable. This praise of sanctified affections, also taken up by English Calvinists such as Fenner and Counter-Reformation theologians like Senault and François de Sales, sheds light on Herbert and Crashaw's devotional lyrics. The latter meditate upon the spiritual love and the laudable passions which suffuse a regenerate heart. The chapter's second theme is the Aristotelian revival of the 17th century. Here, moral treatises and university plays are examined as expressions of an Aristotelian philosophy which identifies rationally moderated emotions as valuable. Both of these trends find further expression in Paradise Lost where Milton exploits both Augustinian and Thomist paradigms of self-governance to anatomize Adam and Eve's moral psychology, and also the mechanisms of sinful self-delusion.
The Restoration Ethos of Libertinism
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter begins by surveying various traditions which fed into Restoration libertinism, namely, Hobbism, the libertine writings of an earlier generation of cavaliers, the libertinage of France's libertins érudits, and the Epicureanism of the mid-17th-century Epicurean revival. These disparate threads provided a network of ideas amenable to the self-image of those Royalists who formed the so-called ‘court wits’ coterie in 1660s England. The origins of that self-image are also explained by examining the politics of libertinism, especially the experience of alienation suffered by Buckingham's circle both during the Interregnum and after the Restoration (when Clarendon dominated government). The argument is made that the court wits generated Restoration libertinism as a vehicle for expressing resentment towards a society which did not accord them a sufficient public role. The chapter concludes by examining how the culture of manners prevalent in this period gave formal expression to the libertine appetite for aggressive self-assertion.
Rochester: The Disappointments of Hobbism and Libertinism
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines the complete works of the Earl of Rochester. It begins by noting Rochester's anxious preoccupation with images of boundlessness and dissolution. It then presents a threefold analysis of Rochester's writings. First, the chapter outlines some lyrics which celebrate libertinism and the serial pursuit of appetites and social power. Second, the focus shifts to satires (especially the ‘Satyre Against Reason and Mankind’) which criticize libertinism, this because the boundless dissolution of self and the culture of mutual antagonism to which libertinism give rise, ultimately fail to satisfy. A third section examines Rochester's political writings, and the moral and political critique of libertinism implicit in those. A conclusion emphasizes Rochester's interest in generosity as the epitome of an alternative ideal of conduct.
Paisley
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Ian Paisley is unique in having founded his own church and party, and led both to success. The Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster (FPCU) now has 150 congregations worldwide. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is now the most popular party in Northern Ireland and, as the leader of the majority unionist population, Paisley has a veto over political developments in the province. This book draws on the author's twenty years of close acquaintance with Paisley's people and on his knowledge of religion and politics in other settings to describe and explain Paisleyism. Paisley's religious identity was an important part of his political appeal to a minority core of unionist voters, but his constant criticism of liberal and ecumenical trends in the major Protestant churches alienated many unionists. However, between 2000 and 2005, those unionists became so frustrated with the British Government's concessions to the Irish Republican movement that they finally set aside their dislike of Paisley's divisive religion and made the DUP the majority unionist party.
6 Church and Party
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter documents the links between Paisley's church and his party. It discusses church reservations about involvement in politics and party attempts to reconcile religious preferences with vote-winning. It also considers the impact of electoral success and generational succession on the party's principles. It concludes that contrary to popular images of a party divided in young secular and older religious wings, the DUP remains firmly united.
7 Paisley and Trouble
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Many critics blame Paisley for the Troubles. He has been accused of serious crime, incitement, and creating a climate conducive to terrorism. This chapter considers the evidence against Paisley, demonstrates that Paisley's people have overwhelmingly remained law-abiding and, by comparison with Islamic fundamentalism, considers the role of evangelicalism in discouraging Protestants from holy war.
Development of a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for the detection of Amasya cherry disease
Authors: Kozlakidis Z. , Citir A. , Açıkgöz S. , Coutts R. H. A. 
Published: September 2007

A reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) procedure was developed to detect Amasya cherry disease (ACD) in naturally infected sweet cherry (Prunus avium) leaves sampled from Turkey. The procedure was based on detection of the presence of a mycoviral‐like double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) of 5·3 kbp always found in association with ACD, which is probably caused by a fungus. Specific primers were designed to amplify a fragment of the diagnostic dsRNA. The method will improve routine diagnosis of ACD in Prunus spp.