bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolysis of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Citrus leaf extracts
Authors: García‐Martínez José L. , Moreno Joaquín 
Published: April 2006

Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBP carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.39) has been purified from orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Washington Navel] leaves using sucrose gradient centrifugation in a fixed angle rotor. Following sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), two major bands corresponding to the two subunits of RuBP carboxylase were found. The large subunit coincided with the polypeptide band that has been previously reported to be preferentially mobilized during the spring and summer flush periods.The degradation of RuBP carboxylase during autodigestion of Citrus leaf extracts, investigated by SDS‐PAGE, occurred mainly at acidic (2.5‐5.5) pH. The two subunits showed differences in the rate of degradation, the smaller being more rapidly hydrolyzed than the larger. At least four proteolytic activities were identified by means of inhibitor experiments: 1) a pepstatin A‐sensitive activity that acts on both RuBP carboxylase subunits, 2) a mercurial (p‐hydroxymercuribenzoate and p‐chloromercuriphenylsulfonate)‐sensitive activity that degrades only the small subunit, 3) an EDTA‐sensitive activity that hydrolyzes both the large and small subunits, and 4) a mercurial‐stimulated activity that acts only on the large subunit. It is suggested that the last two proteases may be responsible for the degradation of RuBP carboxylase observed in vivo during the periods of mobilization of leaf protein in Citrus.
Effects of carbanilates on the growth and development of cell suspension cultures of Acer pseudoplatanus
Authors: Macherel David , Nurit Françoise , Lescure Anne‐Marie , Tissut Michel 
Published: April 2006

The effects of three isopropyl carbanilate derivatives (propham, chlorpropham, 3,4‐diCl isopropyl carbanilate) were studied on Acer pseudoplatanus L. cell suspension cultures (Lamport's strain). At 0.1 mM, three types of effects were observed: the 3,4‐diCl derivative rapidly killed the cells; chlorpropham inhibited mitosis, but the cells remained alive without any significant increase in fresh or dry matter; and propham strongly inhibited mitosis, but not cell growth.Ultrastructural analysis indicated that no observable changes in mitochondrial or plastid density occurred during the cytoplasmic expansion in the presence of propham. Size increase was also accompanied by vacuolar expansion and morphological changes of the nuclei. In Acer cell cultures, isopropyl carbanilates clearly show selective inhibition of mitosis only when the phenyl ring is not substituted by chlorine.
The kinetics of NADH oxidation by complex I of isolated plant mitochondria
Authors: Sooie Kathleen L. , Dry Ian B. , James Alan T. , Wiskich Joseph T. 
Published: April 2006

The oxidation of matrix NADH in the presence and absence of rotenone was investigated in submitochondrial particles prepared from purified beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) mitochondria. The submitochondrial particles oxidised NADH using oxygen and artificial electron acceptors such as ferricyanide (FeCN) and short‐chain analogues of ubiquinone(UQ)‐10, although the NADH‐FeCN reductase activity was not inhibited by rotenone. NADH‐oxygen reductase activity in the presence and absence of rotenone displayed different affinities for NADH (145 ± 37 and 24 ± 9 μM, respectively). However, in the presence of 0.15 mM UQ‐1 where any contribution from non‐specific sites of UQ‐reduction was minimal, the rotenone‐insensitive oxygen uptake was stimulated dramatically and the Km(NADH) decreased from 167 ± 55 μM to 11 ± 1 μM; a value close to that determined for the total oxygen uptake which itself was virtually unaffected by the addition of UO‐1 [Km(NADH) of 13 ± 3 μM).The similar affinity of NADH‐oxygen reductase for NADH when UQ‐1 was present in both the presence and absence of rotenone, suggested that there may be only one NADH binding site involved in the two activities. A quantitative two‐stage model for Complex I is postulated with one NADH binding site and two sites of UQ‐reduction (one of which is insensitive to rotenone) with a common intermediate ‘P’ whose level of reduction can influence the NADH binding site. The poor affinity that rotenone‐insensitive NADH‐oxygen reductase activity displayed for NADH results from a limitation on the interaction of its UQ‐reduction site with UQ‐10 in the membrane; possibly from a low concentration of UQ‐10 around this site or from steric hindrance restricting the access of UQ‐10 to this reduction site.
Genotypic Variation for Cold Tolerance among Twelve Maize (Zea mays L.) Populations
Authors: Pozzi G. L. , Gentinetta E. , Salamini F. , Motto M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (1) to ascertain the genetic differences for cold‐tolerance traits in a series of diallel crosses among 12 maize populations grown in field experiments, and (2) to compare, in controlled environment rooms, the modification of various metabolic parameters of two sets of four F1 variety crosses which, according to the field experiments, differed largely in seedling early vigour (cold‐tolerant [Ct] vs cold‐sensitive [Cs] Fl sets). Under field conditions, cold‐tolerance adaptability, as monitored by shoot dry matter accumulation, appeared genetically controlled; moreover, considerable differences existed among genotypes. Field data suggested that shoot dry weight was a good indicator of plant adaptability to periods of unfavorable cool conditions. The growth‐chamber experiments showed that shoot dry weights of the two sets of hybrids (Ct vs Cs), were more uniform at the highest temperature regimes than under suboptimal temperatures. Moreover, the laboratory study indicated that the interval of time of attain a specific stage of development provided a meaningful and useful criterion for differentiating the capacity of maize plants to grow at low temperatures. Although a clear association between a particular metabolite and the capacity of plants to grow at low temperatures was not observed, it was of interest to note that the total N concentration in the shoot was significantly higher in the Ct plants compared to the Cs ones.
Screening of Barley Varieties for Drought Resistance
Authors: Sinha N. C. , Patil B. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBarley varieties were screened for their efficient drought enduring ability and associated characters which may be useful in breeding programmes. The characters studied were: relative water content, content of proline, chlorophyll stability index (CSI), and percentage grain loss per plant due to water stress subjected to 10 days from jointing to boot stage. Proline and chlorophyll stability index were greatly associated with drought response (r =+0.54; ‐0.49), flag leaf area (r =+0.69; ‐0.51) and, to a certain extent, with leaf number (r = ‐0.35 and +0.34). Among the studied 19 varieties of barley, only three (DL 192, DL 36, DL 3) showed high enduring ability, of these the former two fall in the early, and the last one in the late flowering group. Morphological architecture of DL 192 had gathering type tiller (narrow tiller angle), wider and floppy leaves and it also bears physiological characters (high proline and high relative water content, and low value of chlorophyll stability index) necessary for drought resistance. DL 3 and DL 36 had dispersing type tiller (wider tiller angle) and erect leaf with good leaf area/plant, but unit leaf area was low in DL 3 (relates with shading behaviour reducing water loss). Other relations of drought resistance are briefly discussed in the text. An appraisal of the various traits revealed that high proline content, and low CSI (biochemical characters), earliness, larger flag leaf area and fewer leaves per plant (morphological characters) were directly correlated with productivity of the cultivars under drought conditions. These characters could be used as a guideline for breeding drought resistant cultivars of barley.
Evaluation of Near Infra‐red Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Grain and Stover Quality Traits in Maize
Authors: Melchinger A. E. , Schmidt G. A. , Geiger H. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe prediction of grain and stover quality parameters in maize {Zea mays L.) by near infra‐red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. A total of 110 grain and 135 stover samples originating from different genotypes and environments were assayed. Calibration equations for content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), starch (ST), and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in grain were obtained by multiple linear regression of known manual values on NIRS data from the odd numbered samples. Calibrations for CP, acid detergent fibre (ADF), in vitro digestible organic matter according to the Tilley & Terry (IVDOM‐T & T) and the gas production (IVDOM‐Gp) method, respectively, and metabolizable energy (ME) in stover were developed analogously. Equations were validated with the evennumbered .samples and for ME additionally with the 1584 stover samples from an experiment with 66 F1 hybrids tested in six environments. The coefficients of multiple determination (R2) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.80 for IVDOM‐Gp and ME in stover to 0.94 for CP in grain. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were in most cases not higher than commonly reported for conventional manual assays. With regard to the correct ranking of hybrids, prediction equations for ME applied well to stover samples from other environments with one exception. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate the quality traits investigated to a similar degree to that of conventional methods of analysis. Since NIRS is simple and safe to operate and allows rapid screening of several quality traits simultaneously, it should be particularly attractive for breeding purposes.
Electrophoretic Investigations on Nematode Resistant Sugar Beets
Authors: Jung C. , Wehling P. , Löptien H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybridizations were made between beta vulgaris and three wild species of the patellares section being resistant to the best cyst nematode {heterodera schachtii). Monosomic addition lines (2 n = 19) with full nematode resistance were investigated together with wild beets by means of electrophoretical techniques. One alkaline esterase band and a complex of several acidic esterase bands were localized on the resistance‐carrying B. procumbens chromosome. The alkaline esterase marker also appeared in B. patellaris addition lines. An aconitase double band was visible in two of four B. webbiana addition lines. One resistant monotelosomic addition line with a small B. procumbens fragment had lost the esterase gene. Evidence is given that more than one chromosome is carrying genes for nematode resistance. The use of electrophoretic screening together with a nematode testing program is discussed.
Influence of Tetracycline on the Expression of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (cms) in Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.)
Authors: Tatlioglu T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo influence the expression of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), different clone members of male sterile genotypes of chives were treated with different chemicals, especially antibiotics which are known to act as protein synthesis inhibitors. A remarkable number of male sterile plants turned to partial or full male fertility after the treatment with tetracycline HCl and tetracycline base. Pollen grains produced by tetracycline on male sterile plants were viable and able to fertilize the egg cells. By using the perennial nature of Allium schoenoprasum L. it could be shown that the fertility induced on male sterile plants by tetracycline is reversible. This could be of practical importance for the multiplication of male sterile parents in hybrid breeding. None of the chemicals had any effect on the fertility of male fertile plants. Differences in reaction indicated that genetic differences exist between male sterile plants responding to tetracycline and those which do not.The results are discussed in view of the influence of tetracycline on the mitochondrial protein biosynthesis.
Comparative Value of Androgenetic Doubled Haploid and Conventionally Selected Spring Barley Lines
Authors: Friedt W. , Breun J. , Züchner S. , Foroughi‐Wehr B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAndrogenetic doubled haploid spring barley lines (DH‐lines) were compared in field experiments with their pedigree‐selected sister lines (PD‐lines). The PD‐lines resemble a selected proportion of 1 % (10−2) or less of the original complete F2‐population. By comparison, an average of 10 DH‐lines were recovered from 10,000 anthers X > 1,000 microspores, i.e. at least 107 microspores per cross. The average success rate was therefore approximately 10−6.Both PD‐ and DH‐families showed similar levels of performance with regard to all the characters studied, although no conscious selection had been applied in deriving doubled haploid progeny. Therefore, it is concluded that the regenerated microspore‐progenies may be the result of unconscious selection among the large numbers of microspores cultured.
Plant Regeneration from in vitro Cultured Anthers of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra Koch)
Authors: Govil S. , Babbar S. B. , Gupta S. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnthers of Brassica nigra, excised from fresh as well as cold‐pretreated (3 days at 3 ± 2°C) buds cultivated on modified B5 medium (Gamborg et al. 1968) containing sucrose level varying from 2 % to 10 %, along with 1O−6M BAP (benzylaminopurine) and 9 × 10−6M 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), developed calli and/or embryos. The latter response was observed only in anthers reared on media containing 6 % or higher levels of sucrose. On media containing two or four per cent sucrose, the anthers produced calli, exclusively. The growth of embryos was inhibited or else they started callusing if left on the media containing higher levels of sucrose. However, on transfer to MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962), containing 2 % sucrose, embryos started callusing and subsequently a few secondary embryos differentiated. Such embryos were sub‐cultured on MS + 5 × 10−6M BAP + 2 % sucrose, wherein numerous shoots developed from embryos. The shoots were rooted by transferring to a medium containing 5 × 10−6M NAA (naphthalene acetic acid). Within two months of culture, some of these plants started flowering in vitro.
Characterization of Somatic Brassies napus Hybrids by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Schenck H. R. , Uolf G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree somatic hybrids obtained by fusion of protoplasts from Brassica oleracea and B. campestris were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and compared with their respective parental species. By comparing multiple forms of esterases and phosphorylases it could be demonstrated that in all cases the hybrid plants contained one or more enzymes from each parent.
Selection for Oil Content in East Indian Lemongrass
Authors: Kulkarni R. N. , Rajagopal K. , Ramesh S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe response of oil content to phenotypic selection was studied in a population of lemongrass raised from seeds of a clonally propagated variety SD‐68. During November‐December 1982, 400 plants were evaluated for oil content. Five per cent of the evaluated plants were selected for high and low oil content and were separately intermated in isolated polycross (PC) blocks in November 1983‐February 1984. The populations derived from high and low oil PC blocks were evaluated, along with the unselected parental population and OD‐19, a variety used as a local check, in a randomized complete block design, during October 1984, January and May 1985 for leaf yield, oil content and citral content in oil. The high oil PC population had a significantly higher oil content than the unselected parental population and the local check OD‐19, during all the three seasons. The low oil PC population had a significantly lower oil content than the unselected parental population in January and May 1985. Over seasons, the high oil PC population had 0.15 per cent higher oil content than the unselected parent population. Realized heritabilities for high and low oil content were 0.52 and 0.50, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the different populations for leaf yield in all the three seasons and for citral content in October 1984. In January and May 1985, the differences in citral content were not related to the differences in oil content.
Evaluation of Early Generation Testing in Chickpea1)
Authors: Rahman M. A. , Bahl P. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInter‐generation correlations between F2‐F3, F2‐F4 and F3‐F4 in six crosses of chickpea were calculated by using individual plant/progeny means. In general, correlation values in case of plant height, seeds per pod and 100‐seed weight were higher between F3 and F4 than those between F2 and F3 and F2 and F4. However, inter‐generation correlations were mostly non‐significant in case of pods per plant and grain yield. These results clearly show that selection in F3 can be fruitful for seeds per pod and 100‐seed weight. However, selection for pods per plant and grain yield in early generations may not show any relationship with later generation performance for these traits.
Development of Strains with Yellow Seedcoat in Indian Mustard (Brassies juncea Czern. & Coss.)
Authors: Abraham V. , Bhatia C. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA mutant with yellow seedcoat colour was isolated by Nayar (1968) in the mustard variety‘Rai‐5′. This mutant was crossed to the national check cultivar ‘Varuna’ in order to develop improved strains with yellow seedcoat. Four such strains with yellow seeds were evaluated for their seed yield, yield components and percent oil. Two strains TM‐9 and TM‐17 were more productive than ‘Varuna’ in seed yield. All the yellow seeded strains showed higher oil percentage as compared to ‘Varuna’. The seedcoat in the yellow seeded strains accounts for 14‐15% of the seed weight as compared to 18% in the black seeded ‘Varuna’. The higher proportion of the cotyledons and embryo accounts for the increased oil percentage in the yellow seeded types.
Origin and Fate of Aneusomaty in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Uremonini R. , Cavallini A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChromosomal variability in Helianthus annuus was studied during the ontogenetic cycle of the plant. Aneusomaty originates during embryo development, progressively decreases in the course of plant growth and disappears at pre‐meiosis.A number of aberrant mitoses with lagging chromosomes were found in all embryonic stages examined; by contrast, mitoses never showed aberrations in the shoot apices of plants.
Hybrid Variegation in Crosses between Pelargonium zonale (L.) l'Herit. ex Ait. and Pelargonium inquinans (L.) l'Herit. ex Ait.
Authors: Pohlheim F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn reciprocal crosses between Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans uniformly green, uniformly bleached and variegated plants occurred among the F1 progeny. The effect has been described as hybrid variegation and also as hybrid bleaching. Because of the differences among the reciprocal crosses, it is assumed that the zonale‐plastids undergo normal development in hybrids, while the plastids of Pelargonium inquinans do not develop normally due to their interaction with the nucleus of the hybrid. Using the results obtained in the experiments, the development of zonale‐hybrids from Pelargonium is discussed.
The Tolerance to Aluminum of Triticum N‐Genome Amphiploids
Authors: Berzonsky W. A. , Kimber G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAluminum limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields on acid soils. An aluminum‐tolerant, N‐genome Triticum species was used to produce amphiploids, which were tested lor tolerance to 0.44 mM aluminum in solution, to assess the possibility of transferring tolerance to bread wheat. Two types of amphiploids, having the N‐genomc (Triticum uniaristatum) in common, were produced by treating three different Triticum ventricosum (DDNN) ×Triticum turgidum (AABB) hybrids and a single Triticum ventricosun×Triticum timopheevii (AABB) hybrid with colchicine. It would appear that the N‐genome amphiploids can be utilized to transfer tolerance to aluminum to cultivated Triticum species and to study the genetics of tolerance in the N genome.
Heritability and Interrelationships of Pod Length and Seed Weight in Guar
Authors: Stafford R. E. , Barker G. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study was undertaken to estimate heritability of pod length and seed weight in guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., and to determine genetic relationships between the two traits. Narrow‐sense heritability (h2) estimates ranged from 0.63 to 0.68 for pod length and from 0.54 to 0.57 for seed weight. An additive‐dominance model was adequate to explain gene action involved in the inheritance of both traits. Estimates indicate a minimum of 5 loci or chromosome segments control pod length and 2 control seed weight. Phenotypic correlations between pod length and seed weight were highly significant and positive. Genotypic correlations between the two traits were low and positive. Moderate to high heritability values for the two traits indicate that selection for improvement in either trait should be fairly rapid. Low genotypic correlations between the traits should not pose a significant barrier in developing large seed, grain‐type cultivars.
Identification of Genes Controlling Pod Length in Spring Rapeseed, Brassica napus L., and their Utilization for Yield Improvement
Authors: Chay Patricia , Thurling N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExperiments were undertaken to determine the inheritance of pod length in a cross with spring rapesecd, Brassica napus, and to assess the value of pod length as a criterion of selection for high seed yield.Analyses of patterns of variation in F2; and backcross populations derived from a cross between a short‐pod line TB42 and long‐pod line CA553 indicated that much of the variation in pod length could be attributed to two major genes interacting in a complementary manner. Short‐pods were produced when cither one or both genes were homozygous for the recessive allele. Analyses of F3 progenies of selected F2 and inbred‐backcross lines derived from the same cross supported the two‐gene hypothesis but also indicated that the effects of the major genes on pod length were possibly modified by genes of minor effect.Field testing of families derived from random intermating between F2, plants of the TB42 × CA553 cross showed that number of pods per plant varied independently of pod length, but seed weight per pod tended to increase with increasing pod length. As a result, families with the longest pods generally had significantly higher yields than those with short pods.It was concluded that yield improvement in B. napus could be achieved through introgression of long‐pod genes into cultivars with an appropriate genetic background to ensure that selection for the long‐pod character would be accompanied by an increase in seed weight per pod with little or no reduction in number of pods per plant.