bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orange juice vs vitamin C: effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells
Authors: Guarnieri Serena , Riso Patrizia , Porrini Marisa 
Published: March 2007

The intake of fruits rich in vitamin C seems to increase the antioxidant defence of the organism. However, it is still not clear whether vitamin C alone is responsible for this effect. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the intake of a single portion of blood orange juice (BOJ, 300 ml, providing 150 mg vitamin C) on mononuclear blood cell (MNBC) DNA damage, compared with a drink supplemented with the same amount of vitamin C (C-drink) or sugars (S-drink). Seven young healthy subjects were randomised in a repeated-measures design in which they received each drink on different occasions, 2 weeks apart. Blood samples were collected at baseline, every hour for 8 h, and at 24 h after the intake of each drink. Vitamin C was analysed at each time point by HPLC, whereas H2O2-induced MNBC DNA damage was evaluated at 0, 3 and 24 h by means of the comet assay. Plasma vitamin C concentration increased similarly following BOJ or C-drink intake and was not affected by the S-drink. DNA damage significantly decreased 3 h after BOJ intake (about 18 %; P < 0·01) and remained constant at 24 h (about 16 %; P < 0·01). No effect of the C-drink and S-drink was observed. In conclusion, the intake of a single portion of BOJ provided an early protection of MNBC against oxidative DNA damage; however, the protective effect of BOJ was not explained by vitamin C alone, thus other phytochemicals could be involved.
Vitamin B6status assessment in relation to dietary intake in high school students aged 16–18 years
Authors: Chang Sue-Joan , Hsiao Li-Ju , Lee Yi-Chun , Hsuen Shou-Ying 
Published: March 2007

The vitamin B6status of high school students and its relationship with dietary intake were investigated in this cross-sectional study by face-to-face interview. A total of 157 healthy students aged 16–18 years (eighty-three boys and seventy-four girls) were randomly recruited from two out of nineteen senior high schools in Tainan, Taiwan. Vitamin B6intakes were calculated from three 24-h dietary records. Direct and indirect vitamin B6status indicators were measured in plasma, erythrocytes and urine. The anthropometric data, being similar to those of the first Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1993–1996), showed the normal growth and development of these students. All students except one girl (28·7 nmol/l) had plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) levels >35 nmol/l, indicating an adequate vitamin B6status. The mean dietary vitamin B6intakes of boys and girls were 1·04 (sd0·29) and 0·96 (sd0·27) mg/d, respectively. Vitamin B6status indicators, including plasma PLP, erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity coefficient (EALT-AC), aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), were correlated with vitamin B6intake. Students with adequate values of plasma PLP (>35 nmol/l), EALT-AC ( < 1·25), EAST-AC ( < 1·8) and urinary 4-PA (>3·0 μmol/d) had median intakes of 1·08 and 1·01 mg/d, respectively, for boys and girls. This study suggests that vitamin B6requirements for boys and girls aged 16–18 years were approximately 1·1 and 1·0 mg/d, respectively.
PHYSICAL SPOUSAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA: SOME RISK FACTORS
Authors: JEYASEELAN L. , KUMAR SHUBA , NEELAKANTAN NITHYA , PEEDICAYIL ABRAHAM , PILLAI RAJAMOHANAM , DUVVURY NATA 
Published: March 2007

SummaryDomestic spousal violence against women in developing countries like India, is now beginning to be recognized as a widespread health problem impeding development. This study aimed to explore the risk and protective factors for lifetime spousal physical violence. A cross-sectional household survey was carried out in rural, urban and urban-slum areas across seven sites in India, among women aged 15–49 years, living with a child less than 18 years of age. The sample was selected using the probability proportionate to size method. Trained field workers administered a structured questionnaire to elicit information on spousal physical violence. The main hypothesized variables were social support, witnessed father beating mother and experience of harsh physical violence during childhood, alcohol abuse by spouse and socioeconomic variables. The outcome variables included three physical violence behaviours of hit, kick and beat. Odds ratios were calculated for risk and protective factors of violence using logistic regression. Of 9938 women surveyed, 26% reported experiencing spousal physical violence during the lifetime of their marriage. Adjusted odds ratios calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis suggest that women whose husbands regularly consumed alcohol (OR 5·6; 95% CI 4·7–6·6); who experienced dowry harassment (OR 3·2; 95% CI 2·7–3·8); had reported experiencing harsh physical punishment during childhood (OR 1·6; 95% CI 1·4–1·8) and had witnessed their fathers beat their mothers (OR 1·9; 95% CI 1·6–2·1), were at increased risk of spousal physical violence (beat, hit and kick). Higher socioeconomic status and good social support acted as protective buffers against spousal physical violence. The findings provide compelling evidence of the potential risk factors for spousal physical violence, which in turn could help in planning interventions.
BIOSOCIAL COVARIATES OF ADULT MALE BODY MASS INDEX IN CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: GAUTAM RAJESH K. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryBody mass index (BMI) is the ‘measuring rod’ of nutritional status. This study investigates the type and extent of correlation between adult male BMI and socioeconomic, cultural and bio-demographical variables using data from 11,496 individuals from 38 districts of Central India. For each individual, stature, body weight and sitting height data were collected, their Cormic index and BMI computed, and averages for each district calculated. Mean BMI was found to be lowest for the population of Tikamgarh (17·90±1·91 kg m−2) and highest for that of Durg district (19·33±2·16 kg m−2), whereas the mean BMI for the total population of Central India was 18·67±2·18 kg m−2, which is lower than that of well-to-do individuals in India as a whole. The F ratio indicates that there is inter-district variation in anthropometric characteristics of populations. District-wise biosocial indicators were obtained, namely population density per square kilometre, percentage urban population, percentage of population that is of scheduled caste/tribe, sex ratio, average rural population per PHC/CHC (primary or community health centre), literacy rate, life expectancy, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, gender development index and human development index. Most of these variables were found to be significantly correlated with each other, but BMI was only significantly correlated with three of them, viz. gender development index (R2=0·211), life expectancy (R2=0·130) and infant mortality rate (R2=0·128). Gender development index and life expectancy were positively correlated with BMI, whereas infant mortality rate was negatively correlated. It is concluded that if BMI increases then life expectancy will also increase. Thus better nutritional status may be a helpful tool for reducing infant mortality rate, which is an indicator of socioeconomic status, health condition, health care and ultimately overall development of a region or population.
Effect of inhibitor concentration and hydrodynamic conditions on the inhibitive behaviour of combinations of sodium silicate and HEDP for corrosion control in carbon steel water transmission pipes
Authors: Salasi Mobin , Shahrabi Taghi , Roayaei Emad 
Published: March 2007

PurposeTo study and compare the inhibition effects of eco‐friendly inhibitors of sodium silicate and 1‐hydroxyethylidene 1,1 diphosphonic acid (HEDP) in corrosion control and prevention of soft water discolouration (red water) in carbon steel pipelines.Design/methodology/approachElectrochemical impedance and Tafel polarization measurements were used to study corrosion inhibition properties. The experiments were carried out under different concentration ratios of inhibitors. Different hydrodynamic conditions were applied to simulate pipeline fluid flow. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDAX analysis were used for surface studies.FindingsIt was observed that corrosion inhibitor combinations under static conditions showed synergistic effects at low concentrations. The inhibition efficiency and synergistic behaviours of inhibitors were enhanced as the electrolyte turbulence was increased. In addition, the inhibitor concentration value required to reach maximum inhibition decreased. It was found that at 20 ppm sodium silicate and 5 ppm HEDP, co‐inhibition efficiencies increased significantly to more than 90 per cent and the corrosion rate decreased far below 1 mpy as the electrode rotational speed was increased. Surface studies using SEM revealed the formation of a compact and uniform film of co‐inhibitors.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper can be used for the development of effective, non‐toxic and economically attractive corrosion inhibitor formulations for soft water transmission pipelines.Originality/valueThe observed synergistic behaviour can be due to the incorporation of the silicate gel‐like network through organic phosphorous bonds. The hydrodynamic condition of the electrolyte leads to enhancement of inhibition efficiency, which indicates that the corrosion inhibition was mass transfer controlled.
Constructing an index of search goal redefinition through transaction log analysis
Authors: Hider Philip M. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to discuss the methodological aspects of a study, the results of which are detailed in a second paper.Design/methodology/approachIndices of search goal revision (or redefinition) were constructed based on the chronological coding of queries logged on the OCLC FirstSearch service. Queries within search sessions were coded according to their conceptual relationships, based on a set of rules designed to identify possible revisions of search goals, as well as strategic reformulations. Given the same user interface, similar types of user, and large datasets, it was assumed that the number of strategic reformulations would be reasonably uniform across databases, so that the indices could be regarded as indicators of relative amounts of goal revision.FindingsThe reliability of the coding used to construct the indices of goal redefinition was tested through parallel coding, and confirmed. Differences between the indices for various databases, on the other hand, were found to be statistically significant, allowing for the conclusion that the indices were able to show differences in the amount of goal redefinition occurring, given the assumption of similar levels of strategic reformulations across databases.Originality/valueTransaction log analysis has mostly focused on syntactic issues; few analyses have examined the semantic content of queries or contextualised individual queries as part of an evolving search session. However, this paper shows that although transaction log analysis is a relatively indirect means of examining users' thoughts and intentions during their interaction with an information retrieval system, logs that provide sufficiently rich data may, in certain controlled situations, be used to provide deeper insights into information retrieval behaviour.
Search goal redefinition through user‐system interaction
Authors: Hider Philip M. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine search goal redefinition during users' interaction with information retrieval systems.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized transaction logs from the OCLC FirstSearch service. Within each search session, logged queries were coded chronologically, according to their conceptual relationships, and indices of goal redefinition were constructed. Redefinition levels for different databases were compared, and certain features were isolated for examination as possible redefinition factors.FindingsThe transaction log analysis showed that different databases induced goal redefinition to different extents and identified several factors which can contribute to goal redefinition, including the presence of abstracts and hyperlinking descriptors. On the other hand, no evidence was found to indicate that abstract length has much effect on redefinition, nor hit rate or retrievability of records.Practical implicationsThe research needs to be followed up using other methodologies and other information retrieval systems. A range of other possible factors affecting goal redefinition should be investigated.Originality/valueThe paper shows that system feedback affects not only strategy, but also higher levels of information seeking behaviour interaction. This aspect of user‐system interaction has rarely been researched. An index of goal redefinition and an interpretative form of transactional log analysis are put forward as means by which it may be investigated.
A phenomenographic study of English faculty's conceptions of information literacy
Authors: Boon Stuart , Johnston Bill , Webber Sheila 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify UK English academics' conceptions of information literacy and compare those conceptions with current information literacy standards and frameworks.Design/methodology/approachThree year AHRB‐funded study involving 80 academics interviewed throughout the UK and using the phenomenographic research method to discover variation in experience leading towards identification of qualitatively different conceptions of information literacy. Conceptions are then reviewed in light of previous research and current librarian‐generated frameworks and standards.FindingsThe findings identify UK English academics' conceptions of information literacy and show them to be both similar to and significantly different from conceptions described in previous research and librarian‐generated frameworks and standards.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focuses on creating a conceptual snapshot‐in‐time for the 20 English academics taking part. The research implies that disciplinary differences in conception of information literacy are significant and suggests further research to assess disciplinary conceptual differences.Practical implicationsLibrarians working with English faculty on information literacy need to be aware of differences in conception between themselves and academics to work effectively. The paper also highlights the significance of information literacy in English faculty's teaching and research practices and this relevance suggests that information literacy should be integrated into course and curriculum design.Originality/valueThe paper fills a major gap in literature on information literacy by focussing on conceptions of lecturers, thereby counterbalancing the abundance of work produced by librarians. The paper illustrates the complexity of English academics' conceptions of information literacy and informs academics' use and understanding of information literacy.
Knowledge capability, strategic change, and firm performance
Authors: Goll Irene , Brown Johnson Nancy , Rasheed Abdul A. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the relationships between knowledge capability, strategic change, and firm performance in the US airline industry from regulation to deregulation.Design/methodology/approachThis is a longitudinal study with a cross‐sectional time series research design. A theoretical model is tested in which knowledge capability exerts a direct effect on strategic change; strategic change then influences firm performance. The environment moderates the relationship between strategic change and firm performance. The sample of the study includes the major US air carriers from 1972 to 1995. Knowledge capability is operationalized as the education level and functional diversity of top management. Strategic change is measured as change in hub concentration, a key variable for the airlines. The data for the present study come from archival sources.FindingsTime series statistics with fixed effects are used to examine the relationships between the variables. The results support the theoretical model: knowledge capability influences change in strategy, which, in turn, influences firm performance. The results also indicate that the environment serves as a moderator in the relationship between strategic change and firm performance.Originality/valueThis study examines strategic change in the major US airlines during a period of profound environmental change. It integrates several streams of management research and should be useful to academics and managers who want to understand the performance implications of strategic change.
Knowledge management in knowledge‐intensive service networks
Authors: Evanschitzky Heiner , Ahlert Dieter , Blaich Günther , Kenning Peter 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to analyze knowledge management in service networks. It analyzes the knowledge management process and identifies related challenges. The authors take a strategic management approach instead of a more technology‐oriented approach, since it is believed that managerial problems still remain after technological problems are solved.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the literature on the topic of knowledge management as well as the resource (or knowledge) based view of the firm. It offers conceptual insights and provides possible solutions for knowledge management problems.FindingsThe paper discusses several possible solutions for managing knowledge processes in knowledge‐intensive service networks. Solutions for knowledge identification/generation, knowledge application, knowledge combination/transfer and supporting the evolution of tacit network knowledge include personal and technological aspects, as well as organizational and cultural elements.Practical implicationsIn a complex environment, knowledge management and network management become crucial for business success. It is the task of network management to establish routines, and to build and regularly refresh meta‐knowledge about the competencies and abilities that exist within the network. It is suggested that each network partner should be rated according to the contribution to the network knowledge base. Based on this rating, a particular network partner is a member of a certain knowledge club, meaning that the partner has access to a particular level of network knowledge. Such an established routine provides strong incentives to add knowledge to the network's knowledge baseOriginality/valueThis paper is a first attempt to outline the problems of knowledge management in knowledge‐intensive service networks and, by so doing, to introduce strategic management reasoning to the discussion.
The leadership/management conundrum: innovation or risk management?
Authors: Borgelt Karen , Falk Ian 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a data‐driven discussion about whether effective leadership and innovation are being stifled in a contemporary organizational environment of continuous change.Design/methodology/approachThe elaboration and discussion are based on one component of comprehensive research that uses a qualitative and case study methodology involving interviews with 60 leaders and managers in three large organizations.FindingsThe key finding is that the accurate application of, and interaction between leadership and management releases the social capital, along with related identity and knowledge resources that helps address the tension between risk management and innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reports only on one component of the original study. The findings and implications reported here are regarded as tentative.Practical implicationsBased on the data and ensuing discussion, the implications for practice take the form of a schema of steps for managing the change culture of organizations.Originality/valueBy its very name and nature “innovation” requires thinking and acting outside the square. However innovation can only exist when leadership allows and fosters risk‐taking which has been well considered, actioned and managed by a knowledgeable and skilled workforce. The amount of ignorance which exists in the workplace is proportionate to the amount and type of risk management or regulatory solutions required to counter potential negativity associated with risk taking. Therefore the responsibility of any leadership desirous of change or innovation in an environment which is not overregulated must include as its priority, building and maintaining a knowledge‐culture that supports and allows risk taking. The original model presented provides a mechanism for the strategic handling of risk, innovation and change where management and leadership can co‐exist and knowledge and identity resources can be released in social capital transactions.
On the journey toward wholeness in leader theories
Authors: Campbell Constance R. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a holistic intra‐individual perspective on leaders, which focuses on four components of the inner person of the leader; Being, Cognition, Spirituality, and Emotion, and on the observable components of Behavior and Relationships.Design/methodology/approachExisting leadership literature is appraised within the context of the model. Previously‐proposed interrelationships among the components are enumerated. The paper suggests implications of the model regarding research content and methodology as well as leader development.FindingsThe model implies that all components should be included in research and that interrelationships among components should be explored. Also implied is the use of methodological pluralism.Practical implicationsLeaders should attend to all components in the model in their self‐development efforts.Originality/valueThe paper takes an unusual approach to understanding leadership: an individual‐level holistic perspective.
Portrait of a transformational leader: the legacy of Dr Martin Luther King Jr
Authors: McGuire David , Hutchings Kate 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the leadership of Dr Martin Luther King Jr in relation to four characteristics of transformational leadershipDesign/methodology/approachThe paper draws upon excerpts from archival sources of personal correspondence and statements by Dr Martin Luther King Jr stored at the King Center, Atlanta, Georgia.FindingsThe research finds that Dr King personified the four characteristics of transformational leadership. It also illustrates King's leadership legacy through modern works on leadership.Originality/valueThe analysis presented assists our understanding of the qualities of and the way we think about, transformational leaders. It emphasises the importance of building follower confidence; challenging taken‐for‐granted assumptions; developing follower needs and upholding high moral values.
Interlending and document supply: a review of the recent literature: 58
Authors: McGrath Mike 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the most recent literature concerning document supply and related matters.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides results from reading of over 150 journals as well as monographs, reports and web sites.FindingsThe paper finds that document supply still has much life left in it with demand robust in many areas and especially in the public arena. It also finds that the fundamental debate on the direction of scholarly publishing continues intensely and that opposition is growing to DRM constraints. Electronic books remain a small minority market but mass digitisation of books is proceeding apace.Originality/valueThe paper is a useful source of information for librarians and others interested in document supply and related matters.