bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice velocity from static GPS observations along the transect from Zhongshan station to Dome A, East Antarctica
Authors: Shengkai Zhang , Dongchen E , Zemin Wang , Yuansheng Li , Bo Jin , Chunxia Zhou 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDome A, the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet at just over 4000 ma.s.l., is located near the centre of East Antarctica. Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions have studied ice-sheet dynamics and mass balance along a traverse route from Zhongshan station to Dome A during the austral summers from 1996/97 to 2004/05. Nineteen GPS sites were occupied on at least two occasions at approximately 50 km intervals. The purpose of the surveys was to provide accurate ice-dynamics data. A dual-frequency GPS receiver was used and each site was occupied for 1–12 hours. GPS data were processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software, and horizontal accuracies were within 0.1 m. Repeat GPS measurements provided ice velocities. The horizontal surface ice velocities increase from the summit of the ice sheet to the coast. In the Dome A area, the velocities are <10ma–1; in the plateau area, velocities range from 8 to 24 ma–1 and reach about 98.2 ma–1 at a site (LT980) near the coast. The flow directions are roughly perpendicular to the ice-sheet surface elevation contours, primarily toward the Lambert Glacier basin.
Climatic warming, glacier recession and runoff from Alpine basins after the Little Ice Age maximum
Authors: Collins David N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecords of discharge of rivers draining Alpine basins with between 0 and ~70% ice cover, in the upper Aare and Rhône catchments, Switzerland, for the period 1894–2006 have been examined together with climatic data for 1866–2006, with a view to assessing the effects on runoff from glacierized basins of climatic warming coupled with glacier recession following the Little Ice Age maximum. Annual runoff from ice-free basins reflects precipitation variations, rising from minima between 1880 and 1910 to maxima between the late 1960s and early 1980s. The more highly glacierized the basin, the more runoff mimicked mean May–September air temperature during two periods of warming. Runoff increased gradually from the 1900s, rapidly in the 1940s, before decreasing to the late 1970s. Rising runoff levels during the second warming period failed to exceed those attained during the first, despite higher summer temperatures. Although temperatures continued to rise, discharge from glacierized basins declined after reaching maxima in the late 1980s to early 1990s. In the first warming period, rising specific melt rates augmented by increasing precipitation opposed the impact of declining glacier area on runoff. Although melt continued to increase in the second period, enhanced melting (even in the exceptionally warm summer of 2003) appears to have been insufficient to offset reducing glacier surface area exposed to melt, low or reducing levels of precipitation, and increasing evaporation. Thus runoff from glacierized basins peaked in the late 1940s to early 1950s.
Explicit iterative computation of diffusive vapour field in the 3-D snow matrix: preliminary results for low flux metamorphism
Authors: Brzoska Jean-Bruno , Flin Frédéric , Barckicke Jean 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe metamorphism of seasonal snow is classically considered as limited by vapour diffusion in the pore phase. To account for the lack of knowledge of the ice–vapour reaction coefficient near 0°C, the assumption of a reaction-limited metamorphism was first tested in three-dimensional simulations at low and very low temperature gradients; however, the validity of such results is difficult to verify experimentally. By a reasoned use of traditional iterative schemes, vapour diffusion is now simulated in three dimensions on tomographic snow data, mapping the gradient of vapour pressure near the grains. Repeating this process may provide a way to simulate the isothermal metamorphism without grain packing at a reasonable expense of computation time. Preliminary results are compared with existing computations made within the reaction-limited hypothesis.
From Commission to Association: the transition of the International Commission on Snow and Ice (ICSI) to the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS)
Authors: Jones H. Gerald 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe transition of the International Commission on Snow and Ice (ICSI) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) to become the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) within the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) is described. IACS was accepted as the eighth Association of IUGG in 2007 and is the first new Association of the Union to be formed in over 80 years. Particular attention is paid to the reasons that prior to 1999 led to the request by the Commission to the Union for a change in status, and to the steps taken during the period 1999–2007 by the ICSI Bureaux and IUGG, that preceded the acquisition of Association status.
Full Recovery of Fracture Toughness Using a Nontoxic Solvent‐Based Self‐Healing System
Authors: Caruso Mary M. , Blaiszik Benjamin J. , White Scott R. , Sottos Nancy R. , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo significant advances are reported for solvent‐based self‐healing of epoxy materials. First, an autonomic system yielding complete recovery of fracture toughness after crack propagation was achieved by embedding microcapsules containing a mixture of epoxy monomer and solvent into an epoxy matrix. Healing with epoxy‐solvent microcapsules is superior to capsules that contain solvent alone, and multiple healing events are reported for this system. Second, efficient healing is reported for new solvents, including aromatic esters, which are significantly less toxic than the previously employed solvent, chlorobenzene. Preliminary aging studies using either chlorobenzene or ethyl phenylacetate as the solvent demonstrate the stability of the epoxy‐solvent system under ambient conditions for at least one month.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Al‐Saadi Mohammed S. , Faidallah Hassan M. , Rostom Sherif A. F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of two series of 2,4,5‐polysubstituted thiazoles comprising the acid hydrazide functionality and some derived pharmacophores known to contribute to various chemotherapeutic activities. All newly synthesized compounds were subjected to in‐vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening. Of the compounds tested, 13 derivatives displayed inhibitory effect on the growth of three Gram‐positive strains while they lack activity against Gram‐negative bacteria. Moreover, four compounds were able to exert antifungal activity against C. albicans. Potential antibacterial and antifungal activities were linked to the thiosemicarbazide function 6a–f and those substituted with both the thioureido and thiosemicarbazide moieties 12a–f. Compounds 6f and 12f (R = 4‐F‐C6H4) could be considered as the most active members in this investigation with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against three types of Gram‐positive bacteria, together with an appreciable antifungal activity against C. albicans. Compounds 6d, 6f, and 12f were twice as active as ampicillin against B. subtilis. The best antifungal activity was shown by compound 6d 50% less active than clotrimazole. 17 compounds were selected and tested for their preliminary in‐vitro anticancer activity according to the current one‐dose protocol of the NCI. Three cell lines, non‐small cell lung cancer Hop‐92, ovarian cancer IGROV1, and melanoma SK‐MEL‐2, exhibited some sensitivity against most of the tested compounds. Compound 12f proved to be the most active anticancer member with a broad spectrum of activity against most of the tested subpanel tumor cell lines. Consequently, 12f was carried over to be tested in the five‐dose assay.
Syntheses and Cytotoxic Properties of the Curcumin Analogs 2,6‐Bis(benzylidene)‐4‐phenylcyclohexanones
Authors: Davis Ryan , Das Umashankar , Mackay Hilary , Brown Toni , Mooberry Susan L. , Dimmock Jonathan R. , Lee Moses , Pati Hari 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFifteen curcumin analogs were synthesized and tested for in‐vitro cytotoxicity towards B16 and L1210 murine cancer cell lines using an MTT assay. Significant activity was discovered for two analogs: 8 (B16 IC50 = 1.6 μM; L1210 IC50 = 0.35 μM) and 9 (B16 IC50 = 0.51 μM; L1210 IC50 = 1.2 μM). Several other analogs exhibited notable cytotoxicity. The data from quantitative structure‐activity relationships suggest that large electron‐withdrawing substituents placed in the meta‐position of the arylidene aryl rings enhance potencies. Compounds 8 and 9 were found using a cell‐based assay to have virtually no effects on microtubules at concentrations up to 40 μM. These results suggest that tubulin inhibition is not the principal mechanism by which the curcumin analogs act.
Association of STAT4 with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in the Japanese population
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Ikari Katsunori , Kaneko Hirotaka , Kochi Yuta , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Shimane Kenichi , Nakamura Yusuke , Toyama Yoshiaki , Mochizuki Takeshi , Tsukahara So , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Terai Chihiro , Hara Masako , Tomatsu Taisuke , Yamanaka Hisashi , Horiuchi Takahiko , Tao Kayoko , Yasutomo Koji , Hamada Daisuke , Yasui Natsuo , Inoue Hiroshi , Itakura Mitsuo , Okamoto Hiroshi , Kamatani Naoyuki , Momohara Shigeki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveSTAT4 encodes a transcriptional factor that transmits signals induced by several key cytokines, and it might be a key molecule in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, a STAT4 haplotype was reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Caucasian populations. This was replicated in a Korean RA population. Interestingly, the degree of risk of RA susceptibility with the STAT4 haplotype was similar in the Caucasian and Korean populations. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of STAT4 on susceptibility to RA and SLE in the Japanese.MethodsWe performed an association study using 3 independent Japanese RA case–control populations (total 3,567 cases and 2,199 controls) and 3 independent Japanese SLE populations (total 591 cases). All samples were genotyped using the TaqMan fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7574865, which tags the susceptibility haplotype. The association of the SNP with disease susceptibility in each case–control study was calculated using Fisher's exact test, and the results were combined, using the Mantel‐Haenszel method, to obtain combined odds ratios (ORs).ResultsWe observed a significant association of the STAT4 polymorphism with susceptibility to both RA and SLE. The combined ORs for RA and SLE, respectively, were 1.27 (P = 8.4 × 10−9) and 1.61 (P = 2.1 × 10−11) for allele frequency distribution; these ORs were quite similar to those previously observed in the Caucasian population.ConclusionWe conclude that STAT4 is associated with RA and SLE in the Japanese. Our results indicate that STAT4 is a common genetic risk factor for autoimmune diseases, with similar strength across major racial groups.
Differential expression of GADD45β in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage: Potential role in homeostasis of articular chondrocytes
Authors: Ijiri Kosei , Zerbini Luiz F. , Peng Haibing , Otu Hasan H. , Tsuchimochi Kaneyuki , Otero Miguel , Dragomir Cecilia , Walsh Nicole , Bierbaum Benjamin E. , Mattingly David , van Flandern Geoff , Komiya Setsuro , Aigner Thomas , Libermann Towia A. , Goldring Mary B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveOur previous study suggested that growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible protein 45β (GADD45β) prolonged the survival of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the developing mouse embryo. This study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate whether GADD45β plays a role in adult articular cartilage.MethodsGene expression profiles of cartilage from patients with late‐stage osteoarthritis (OA) were compared with those from patients with early OA and normal controls in 2 separate microarray analyses. Histologic features of cartilage were graded using the Mankin scale, and GADD45β was localized by immunohistochemistry. Human chondrocytes were transduced with small interfering RNA (siRNA)–GADD45β or GADD45β‐FLAG. GADD45β and COL2A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analyzed by real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, and promoter activities were analyzed by transient transfection. Cell death was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining of condensed chromatin.ResultsGADD45β was expressed at higher levels in cartilage from normal donors and patients with early OA than in cartilage from patients with late‐stage OA. All chondrocyte nuclei in normal cartilage immunostained for GADD45β. In early OA cartilage, GADD45β was distributed variably in chondrocyte clusters, in middle and deep zone cells, and in osteophytes. In contrast, COL2A1, other collagen genes, and factors associated with skeletal development were up‐regulated in late OA, compared with early OA or normal cartilage. In overexpression and knockdown experiments, GADD45β down‐regulated COL2A1 mRNA and promoter activity. NF‐κB overexpression increased GADD45β promoter activity, and siRNA‐GADD45β decreased cell survival per se and enhanced tumor necrosis factor α–induced cell death in human articular chondrocytes.ConclusionThese observations suggest that GADD45β might play an important role in regulating chondrocyte homeostasis by modulating collagen gene expression and promoting cell survival in normal adult cartilage and in early OA.
Association ofSTAT4with rheumatoid arthritis: A replication study in three European populations
Authors: Orozco Gisela , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. , Delgado‐Vega Angélica M. , González‐Gay Miguel Á. , Balsa Alejandro , Pascual‐Salcedo Dora , Fernández‐Gutierrez Benjamín , González‐Escribano María F. , Petersson Ingemar F. , van Riel Piet L. C. M. , Barrera Pilar , Coenen Marieke J. H. , Radstake Timothy R. D. J. , van Leeuwen Miek A. , Wijmenga Cisca , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta , Martín Javier 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the previously reported association of theSTAT4polymorphism rs7574865 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 3 different European populations from Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands, comprising a total of 2,072 patients and 2,474 controls.MethodsThree different cohorts were included in the study: 923 RA patients and 1,296 healthy controls from Spain, 273 RA patients and 285 healthy controls from Sweden, and 876 RA patients and 893 healthy controls from The Netherlands. DNA from patients and controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for theSTAT4single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs7574865 using a TaqMan 5′‐allele discrimination assay. The chi‐square test was performed to compare allele and genotype distributions. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsWe observed a significantly increased frequency of the minor T allele in RA patients compared with healthy controls in the Spanish population (24.8% versus 20.8%;P= 0.001, OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.09–1.45]). This association was confirmed in both the Swedish population (P= 0.03, OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.03–1.77]) and the Dutch population (P= 0.03, OR 1.45 [95% CI 1.21–1.73]). The overallPvalue for all 3 populations was 9.79 × 10−6(OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.13–1.37]). No association between rs7574865 and the presence of rheumatoid factor or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies was observed. A meta‐analysis of all publishedSTAT4associations revealed an OR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.19–1.33) (P= 1 × 10−5).ConclusionOur findings indicate an association between theSTAT4polymorphism rs7574865 and RA in 3 different populations, from Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands, thereby confirming previous data.
Regulation of B cell tolerance by 129‐derived chromosome 1 loci in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Fossati‐Jimack Liliane , Cortes‐Hernandez Josefina , Norsworthy Peter J. , Cook H. Terence , Walport Mark J. , Botto Marina 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Previous studies have shown that a 129‐derived chromosome 1 interval (Sle16) on the C57BL/6 (B6) background is sufficient to induce humoral autoimmunity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which this locus contributes to the loss of peripheral tolerance.MethodsAnti–single‐stranded DNA (anti‐ssDNA)–knockin transgenic mice (VH3H9R/Vκ8R and VH3H9R) were crossed with a B6 congenic line named B6.129chr1b that carries the Sle16 locus. A parallel study of a gene‐targeted animal, whose mutated gene is located within the 129chr1b interval on chromosome 1, was also performed.ResultsThe combination of VH3H9R/Vκ8R with the 129chr1b interval resulted in impaired B cell anergy, and transgenic IgM and IgG anti‐ssDNA antibodies were found in the circulation. The presence of IgG2aa anti‐ssDNA and IgMa anti‐Sm antibodies in sera indicated that the autoreactive transgenic B cells underwent class switching and epitope spreading. The 129chr1b locus appeared to have a dominant effect, since transgenic antibodies were also detected in mice carrying a single allele. The gene‐targeted animals showed a similar phenotype.ConclusionThe presence of a single 129chr1b locus on the B6 background impaired B cell anergy, prevented deletion of anti‐DNA transgenic B cells, and induced receptor revision. The findings of this study also emphasize that the autoimmune phenotype observed in mice with targeted genes located on chromosome 1 may simply arise from epistatic interactions between the 129 and B6 parental strains.
Prognostic model based on nailfold capillaroscopy for identifying Raynaud's phenomenon patients at high risk for the development of a scleroderma spectrum disorder: PRINCE (Prognostic Index for Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination)
Authors: Ingegnoli Francesca , Boracchi Patrizia , Gualtierotti Roberta , Lubatti Chiara , Meani Laura , Zahalkova Lenka , Zeni Silvana , Fantini Flavio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo construct a prognostic index based on nailfold capillaroscopic examinations that is capable of predicting the 5‐year transition from isolated Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) to RP secondary to scleroderma spectrum disorders (SSDs).MethodsThe study involved 104 consecutive adult patients with a clinical history of isolated RP, and the index was externally validated in another cohort of 100 patients with the same characteristics. Both groups were followed up for 1–8 years. Six variables were examined because of their potential prognostic relevance (branching, enlarged and giant loops, capillary disorganization, microhemorrhages, and the number of capillaries).ResultsThe only factors that played a significant prognostic role were the presence of giant loops (hazard ratio [HR] 2.64, P = 0.008) and microhemorrhages (HR 2.33, P = 0.01), and the number of capillaries (analyzed as a continuous variable). The adjusted prognostic role of these factors was evaluated by means of multivariate regression analysis, and the results were used to construct an algorithm‐based prognostic index. The model was internally and externally validated.ConclusionOur prognostic capillaroscopic index identifies RP patients in whom the risk of developing SSDs is high. This model is a weighted combination of different capillaroscopy parameters that allows physicians to stratify RP patients easily, using a relatively simple diagram to deduce the prognosis. Our results suggest that this index could be used in clinical practice, and its further inclusion in prospective studies will undoubtedly help in exploring its potential in predicting treatment response.
Modulation of CCR2 in rheumatoid arthritis: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Vergunst Clarissa E. , Gerlag Daniëlle M. , Lopatinskaya Luba , Klareskog L. , Smith M. D. , van den Bosch F. , Dinant Huib J. , Lee Yih , Wyant Timothy , Jacobson Eric W. , Baeten Dominique , Tak Paul P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveCCR2 is a chemokine receptor expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and a subset of T cells. Its ligand, CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), is abundantly present in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Blocking CCR2 prevents CCL2‐mediated chemotaxis in vitro and modulates arthritis in animal models of RA. In this study we examined the effects of CCR2 blockade on synovial inflammation in RA.MethodsThe study was designed as a phase IIa clinical trial with a human CCR2 blocking antibody (MLN1202) in patients with active RA. Thirty‐two patients received 3 infusions, over a period of 6 weeks, with either placebo (n = 9) or anti‐CCR2 monoclonal antibody at 0.5 mg/kg (n = 7), 1.5 mg/kg (n = 7), or 4.0 mg/kg (n = 9). Safety was monitored with laboratory tests, immunotoxicity assessments, and documenting of adverse events, and European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology response criteria were used to assess clinical improvement. Synovial tissue was obtained at baseline and after 43 days of treatment, for pharmacodynamic analysis using immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to compare groups, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess changes within the groups.ResultsAll patients completed the study. Treatment with CCR2 blocking antibody reduced the levels of free CCR2 on CD14+ monocytes by at least 57% and up to 94% (P < 0.001), demonstrating the biologic activity of the compound. However, there was no reduction in the levels or expression of any of the synovial biomarkers. Accordingly, no clinical improvement was observed.ConclusionTreatment with anti‐CCR2 blocking antibody did not result in amelioration of synovial inflammation in active RA. The results do not support the notion that blockade of CCR2 may be sufficient to induce clinical improvement in RA.