bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endodontic and restorative management of incompletely fractured molar teeth
Authors: GUTMANN J. L. , RAKUSIN H. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe treatment of fractured teeth poses significant problems for the practitioner. However, once the treatment planning decision has been made to attempt to retain the tooth, various practical regimens are available to effect this goal. This paper addresses the specific use of glass ionomer in the restorative management of incompletely, vertically fractured molar teeth integrated with specific root canal treatment techniques.
Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration
Authors: RAY H. A. , TROPE M. 
Published: September 2007

summaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the quaality of the coronal restoration and of the rot canal obturation on the radiographic periapical status of endodontically treated teeth. Full‐mouth radiographs from randomly selected new patient folders at Temple University Dental School were examined. The first 1010 endodontically treated teeth restored with a permanent rstoration were evaluated independtly by two examiners. Post and core type restorations were excluded. According to a predetermined radiographic standard set of criteria, the technical quality of the root filling of each tooth was scored as either good (GE) or poor (PE), and the quality of the coronal restoration similarly good (GR) or poor (PR). The apical one‐third of the root and surrounding structures were then evaluated radigraphically and the periradicular status categorized as (a) absence of periradicular inflammation (API) or (b) presence of periradicular inflammation (PPI). The rate of API for all endodontically treated teeth was 61.07%, GR resulted in significantly more API cases than GE, 80%, versus 75.7%. PR resulted in significantly more PPI cases than PE, 30.2% versus 48.6%. The combination of GR and GE had the highest API rate of 91.4%, significantly higher than PR and PE with a API rate of 18.1%.
Localization of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate in human dental pulps — an immunohistochemical study
Authors: BARTOLD P. M. , SCHLAGENHAUF U. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe distribution of dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate in human dental pulps has been assessed using monoclonal antibodies and immunoperoxidase localization techniques. The pulpal tissues were reacted with specific antibodies following pretreatment of the sections with chondroitinase ACII or chondroitinase ABC. Both the 4‐ and 6‐sulphated isomers of chondroitin sulphate were detected in the tissues studied. Very little derrmatan sulphate could be detected. These glycosaminoglycans appeared throughout the pulpal connective tissues with a particularly strong localization to the region adjacent to the odontoblastic and predentine layers. Such distribution strongly implicates chondroitin sulphate in the mineralization process of human dentine.
Comparison of Radiovisiography with radiographic film in root length determination
Authors: ONG E. Y. , FORD T. R. PITT 
Published: September 2007

SummaryRadiovisiography is a digital intraoral radiographic imaging system requiring a substantial reduction of radiation dosage to the patient over film. For Radiovisiography to replace film, it must be shown to be as efficacious. In this study, a technique of obtaining Radiovisiography and D‐speed film images from the same X‐ ray beam was developed with the use of rare‐earth filters. The quality of the resultant radiovisiographic images was verified in vitro with pure radiovisiographic images of teeth in a dried mandible with soft tissue simulation. Two examiners compared Radiovisiography with D‐speed film for 20 root length estimations using the same in‐vitro model. A clinical study was then carried out on mandibular molars of patients undergoing endodontic treatment, where 35 root lengths were obtained. The results of both in vitro and clinical studies showed no statistical differences in the estimated root lengths using the two imaging systems. The measuring grid available in the Radiovisiography unit produced similarly accurate results. Furthermore, the clinical study demonstrated the effective use of Radiovisiography during root canal treatment, with instant images.
Sealability of the Trifecta™ technique in the presence or absence of a smear layer
Authors: LLOYD A. , THOMPSON J. , GUTMANN J.L. , DUMMER P. M. H. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe aim of this in vitro study was to assess the sealability of a recently introduced thermoplasticized gutta‐percha technique (Trifecta, Hygenic Corp., OH, USA) in the presence or absence of a smear layer. A total of 100 teeth with single straight root canals were included in the study. The teeth were decoronated and the canals prepared with a modified double‐flared technique under constant irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The apical matrix was prepared to size 40 and apical patency subsequently confirmed with a size 10 file. Four teeth were discarded for technical reasons and the remaining 96 allocated randomly into two groups of 44 teeth and a group of eight teeth which acted as controls. Canals in group 1 were obturated randomly with either cold lateral condensation of gutta‐percha or with the Trifecta technique. Canals in Group 2 were rinsed with 17% REDTA to remove the smear layer and then obturated with lateral condensation or the Trifecta technique. All teeth were suspended in India ink for 9 days, demineralized, and rendered transparent prior to the assessment of apical linear dye penetration. Apical extrusion of sealer and gutta‐percha occurred commonly but there was no significant difference between the four obturation groups. However, overall, there was significantly more extrusion of sealer with the Trifecta technique compared with lateral condensation (P<0.05). The majority of canals (79 out of 88) had no evidence of apical leakage and there was no significant difference between the groups. The prevalence of sealer and gutta‐percha penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly different between the four obturation techniques (P<0.01) and significantly more common in the absence of the smear layer (P<0.001). Under the conditions of this study, the Trifecta technique
The guided tissue regeneration principle in endodontic surgery: one‐year postoperative results of large periapical lesions
Authors: PECORA G. , KIM S. , CELLETTI R. , DAVARPANAH M. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryTwenty patients with large endodontic lesions, which failed to respond to conventional endodontic therapy, were selected for this study. The lesions had a radiographic diameter of at least 10 mm, were removed by periradicular surgery, before retrofilling the apices with either super EBA or dessicated zinc oxide‐eugenol. In 10 test sites large e‐PTFE membranes (Gortex) were placed to cover the lesions, while at the control sites the lesions were not covered before resuturing. Radiographic analysis of the lesions at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months revealed that lesions covered with the membranes healed quicker than the control lesions, and that the quality and quantity of the regenerted bone was superior when membranes were used. Results of the study indicate that guided tissue regeneration (GTR) principles can be effectively applied to the healing of large periapical lesions, especially in through‐and‐through lesions.
Factors affecting the clinical efficiency of ultrasonic endodontics: a scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: CAMERON J. A. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this pilot study was to investigate some of the clinical variables in ultrasonic endodontics. Forty extracted human teeth with a single, straight root 21–25 mm in length were prepared using combinations of the following variables: hand or ultrasonic instrumentation; apical seat prepared to file sizes 35, 40, 45 or 50; lml of water, 4% sodium hypochlorite or EDTAC as irrigant between each instrument size; three brands of ultrasound generator and inserts; a ‘low’, ‘medium’ or ‘high’ effective power output; a tuned or untuned circuit; post‐instrumentation ultrasonic irrigation with either 4% sodium hypochlorite, EDTAC, or the two used in sequence. The specimens were viewed in a scanning electron microscope and scored for the presence or absence of a smear layer at levels <1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm from the apical seat. The most effective combination, as tested, was hand instrumentation to file size 40 with lml EDTAC irrigation between each instrument size, supplemented by intermittent flush irrigation with EDTAC with ultrasound then 4% sodium hypochlorite with ultrasound. This technique left a minimum smear layer restricted to the apical seat. Other combinations of instrumentation and irrigation were not consistent in their effectiveness.
The influence of ultrasound in removing intraradicular posts
Authors: BERBERT* A. , FILHO M. T. , UENO A. H. , BRAMANTE C. M. , ISHIKIRIAMA A. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThirty single‐rooted teeth were prepared to receive cast posts. After cementation of the post the teeth were divided into three groups. Group I did not receive any treatment, whereas the posts in groups II and III were treated with an ultrasonic device, for 2 min and 5 min, respectively. The force required for post removal was determined using a universal test machine. No statistical differences (P>0.05) were found between the groups where ultrasound had been used.Significantly reduced forces were necessary to remove the posts from group II and III, compared with group I which did not receive ultrasonic treatment (P<0.05).
Assessing the shape of root canals: an in vitro method using microradiography
Authors: THOMPSON S. A. , AL‐OMARI* M. A. O. , DUMMER P. M. H. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to describe an in vitro method which provides clear and accurate details of root canal shape. The method utilizes the technique of contact microradiography to produce high resolution, two‐dimensional, real‐size images of canals in a longitudinal plane. Specimens can be accurately rotated through 90° allowing images to be produced in a bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal direction. The method is simple, relatively rapid and can process large numbers of teeth without the need for complicated and expensive mounting blocks or film holders. The technique can be used to produce pre‐ and post‐operative images of canal shape which can be superimposed to delineate the dentine removed during canal preparation. The method is thus suitable for the evaluation of the shaping ability of endodontic instruments and preparation techniques.
Root canal instruments for manual use: cutting efficiency and instrumentation of curved canals
Authors: TEPEL J. , SCHÄFER E. , HOPPE W. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe cutting efficiency of different endodontic hand instruments and the effects of instrumentation on curved canal shape were investigated under standardized experimental conditions using an automatic testing device.Cutting efficiency in rotary motion was assessed by determination of the maximum penetration depth of the instruments into a cylindrical canal in a special resin block (size 25 and size 35 instruments). Changes in canal shape were determined by instrumentation of standardized canals (42° curvature) incrementally from size 15 to size 35.Except in the case of one instrument, size 35, in both sizes tested flexible instruments reached significantly (P < 0.05) greater maximum penetration depths than conventional reamers or K‐files. Changes in the canal shape differed significantly between the different instruments in 13 of the 14 measuring points. Drastic undesirable changes in the canal shape (e.g. straightening or zip and elbow) occurred after instrumentation with reamers and K‐files, but these changes were less noticeable after instrumentation with flexible instruments with conventional tips. After instrumentation with flexible instruments with modified tips there were few undesirable changes in shape.The conclusion could be drawn that flexible instruments, especially those with modified tips, were clearly superior to conventional reamers and K‐files with regard to cutting efficiency and instrumentation of curved canals.
In vitro radiographic representation of the extent of voids within obturated root canals
Authors: YOUNGSON C. C. , NATTRESS B. R. , MANOGUE M. , SPEIRS A. F. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether radiographs provide an accurate representation of the degree of root canal obturation following a cold lateral condensation technique. A total of 40 extracted single‐rooted lower premolar teeth were prepared using either a standardized step‐back technique or an ultrasonic device by one of two operators. The four groups, each of 10 teeth were obturated using lateral condensation by a third operator. To assess apical leakage the obturated teeth were coated with nail varnish to within 2 mm of the apex and immersed in methylene blue for 48 h. The teeth were then radiographed in bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal planes prior to subsequent sectioning in a bucco‐lingual plane. Sections and radiographs were analysed using an image analysis apparatus to determine the proportion of root canal occupied by gutta‐percha, void and/or sealer. Mean percentages of void calculated from the bucco‐lingual radiographs, mesio‐distal radiographs and tooth sections were 4.14%, 5.98% and 4.98%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the radiographic views and the tooth sections (P > 0.05). Both planes of radiograph accurately represented the proportion of void when compared with the tooth section.
A survey of general dental practitioners’ approach to the restoration of root‐filled teeth
Authors: HUSSEY D. L. , KILLOUGH S. A. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThis paper reports the findings of a survey of a group of general dental practitioners (GDPs) from one region of the United Kingdom. The practitioners were asked to complete a questionnaire investigating their approach to the restoration of root‐filled teeth. A high response rate was achieved and the replies indicated that most practitioners restore teeth within 1 month of completing the root filling. Nonprecious cast alloys cores were popular as was amalgam for core build‐ups. Most practitioners opted for a post which was two‐thirds the length of the root and zinc phosphate was the most popular luting material. Almost one‐quarter of respondents believed that a root is strengthened by a post retained restoration and a similar number have never attended a postgraduate meeting on the subject of the restoration of root‐filled teeth.
The fate and the role of bacteria left in root dentinal tubules
Authors: PETERS L. B. , WESSELINK P. R. , MOORER W. R. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryIn this article the question of the relevance and consequences of bacteria remaining in the tubules of root dentine after cleaning and shaping of the root canal space is addressed. A second aim is to discuss the necessity of clinical measures taken to eradicate those bacteria that are presumed to survive there. The available clinical and experimental evidence supports the use of antibacterial dressings in cases where the root canal space remains temporarily unobturated after removal of necrotic and infected pulp tissue. There is no evidence, however, that special measures should be taken to kill the bacteria in the dentinal tubules. Should time permit, a sound obturation technique immediately following the cleaning, shaping and disinfection phases allows the remaining bacteria in the tubules to be either inactivated or prevented from repopulating the (former) canal space. In the vast majority of cases, those bacteria appear not to jeopardize the successful outcome of root canal treatment.
The Influence of ultrasound in removing intraradicular posts
Authors: BERBERT* A. , FILHO M. T. , UENO A. H. , BRAMANTE C. M. , ISHIKIRIAMA A. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThirty single‐rooted teeth were prepared to receive cast posts. After cementation of the post the teeth were divided into three groups. Group I did not receive any treatment, whereas the posts in groups II and III were treated with an ultrasonic device, for 2 min and 5 min, respectively. The force required for post removal was determined using a universal test machine. No statistical differences (P>0.05) were found between the groups where ultrasound had been used.Significantly reduced forces were necessary to remove the posts from group II and III, compared with group I which did not receive ultrasonic treatment (P<0.05).
Simulated resorptive defects and open apices using bovine and human teeth as teaching models
Authors: OSBORNE G. E. , CHANDLER N. P. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryAn ‘open apex’ model for teaching obturation tech‐niques in a very wide root canal has been developed using bovine deciduous incisors which are soon to be exfoliated. Extracted human teeth may also be modified in a variety of ways to simulate resorptive defects. Both may be combined with existing models to allow use in a phantom head or be mounted in materials to mimic the radiographic appearance of bone.
Changes in endodontic status 1973–1993 among 35‐year‐olds in Oslo, Norway
Authors: ERIKSEN H. M. , BERSET G. P. , HANSEN B. F. , BJERTNESS E. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryEpidemiological investigations from Scandinavia have documented high prevalence of apical periodontitis and inferior quality and results of endodontic treatment performed in general practice. The present investigation is part of a 20‐year follow‐up study on oral health in 35‐year‐old Oslo citizens focusing on endodontic con‐ditions. The results indicate reduced prevalence of apical periodontitis and statistically significant improvement in endodontic status compared with results from a similar study performed in 1984.
Light and SEM observation of internal root resorption of a traumatized permanent central incisor
Authors: AL‐NAZHAN S. A. , SPANGBERG L. W. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryA clinical case report is presented which illustrates internal root resorption of a traumatized tooth. Light and scanning electron microscope were used to further examine the defect. An explanation of the morphological structure of the resorption is discussed.
Multidisciplinary aspects of root resection failure: a case report
Authors: LEONARD J. E. , GUTMANN J. L. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryCreative approaches to tooth maintenance often include tooth resection and retention of one or more of the roots. Although this procedure is reasonably successful, failure of supportive endodontic, periodontic, and restorative management of the retained roots can jeopardize a successful outcome. The following is a case report evaluating multiple aetiologies contributing to root resection failure.
An in vitro comparison of 10 radiographic methods for working length estimation
Authors: RUSHTON V. E. , SHEARER A. C. , HORNER K. , CZAJKA J. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe aim of this in vitro study was to assess the efficacy of 10 currently available methods of producing radiographic images, two conventional and eight rapid, in working length estimation. Thirty extracted teeth comprising 42 root canals were mounted in blocks of poly(methylmethacrylate) and access cavities prepared. A size 15 Hedstrom file was inserted into each root canal and sealed into position. Each tooth was imaged by 10 methods: combinations of conventional (D− and E− speed) film processed with conventional manual chemistry or two proprietary brands of rapid processing chemistry (Westone Rapid Dental and Kodak ‘Rapid Access’), Super X30 packet processed film, Hanshin Hi‐Fi and Nix NF45‐100 films processed using their respective manufacturers' monobath solutions, and the Sens‐A‐Ray digital X‐ray system. Comparisons of length of file visible were made between the D‐speed films (conventionally processed using Kodak chemistry) and the nine other radiographic methods. No significant differences in percentage length of file seen were found between D‐speed film processed with conventional chemistry and E‐speed film processed with the same chemistry or between D‐speed film processed with conventional chemistry and six of the rapid imaging systems studied. The percentage length of the file visible was significantly less for Sens‐A‐Ray (P=0.02) and for Nix NF45‐100 film (P<0.005)when compared with D‐speed film processed with conventional chemistry. This difference in file length is probably not of clinical importance for the Sens‐A‐Ray images but may be so for the Nix images.
Isolation and characterization of the proteoglycans synthesized by adult human pulp fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: BARTOLD P. M. , MOULE A. J. , LI H. , RIGBY P. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe proteoglycans synthesized by fibroblasts derived from healthy human adult dental pulps have been isolated and characterized on the basis of their glycosaminoglycan content, molecular size and charge. The proteoglycans were identified by their labelling with [35S] sulphate and susceptibility to digestion by papain. The sulphated glycosaminoglycans associated with the proteoglycans were identified following specific enzymatic and chemical degradations as chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate. Dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate were identified as the major glycosaminoglycans secreted into the medium, whereas chrondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate were the principal glycosaminoglycans associated with the cell layers. The proteoglycans could be fractionated on the basis of their charge and size into a number of heterogeneous pools. The principal proteoglycans isolated were small and contained either chondroitin sulphate or dermatan sulphate and most likely correspond to decorin and biglycan. Other molecules with features similar to versican and syndecan were also identified.
Effect of dentine surface treatment on leakage of root fillings with a glass ionomer sealer
Authors: HOLLAND R. , SAKASHITA M. S. , MURATA S. S. , JUNIOR E. D. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to observe the quality of seal of the glass ionomer cement, Ketac‐Endo, after treatment of the root canal wall. The root canals of 140 extracted human teeth were prepared biomechanically. The root canals were treated with either EDTA or received an intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide or camphorated paramonochlorphenol. The root canals were filled by the lateral condensation technique with gutta‐percha points and the sealer Ketac‐Endo, or zinc oxide‐eugenol cement or Sealapex. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue dye solution inside a flask, which was attached to a vacuum pump. Leakage was measured linearly. Sealapex exhibited significantly less leakage than Ketac‐Endo or zinc oxide‐eugenol cement (P < 0.01). The use of EDTA and intermediary dressings reduced significantly (P <0.01) the leakage observed with the zinc oxide‐eugenol sealer and Ketac‐Endo.