bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TV special on natural disasters
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Nature's destructive forces are brought into view in “Living with Disaster,” the next special of the television series The Infinite Voyage, airing June 7 at 8 p.m. on PBS and the week of June 11 on select commercial stations and nationally on cable.Several AGU members including former AGU president Charles Drake (Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.) served on the National Academy of Sciences advisory panel for the film. Drake is also on the NAS Film Committee that oversees the entire Infinite Voyage series. The Infinite Voyage is produced by WQED in Pittsburgh, Penna., in association with the National Academy of Sciences and is underwritten on PBS and sponsored on commercial television by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Reconnection in space plasma: An international workshop
Authors: Büchner J. 
Published: October 2006

Reconnection is a process in plasma physics whereby released magnetic energy heats plasma and accelerates particles. The process is an important one in solar, solar‐terrestrial and magnetospheric physics. The concept of reconnection was originally introduced in 1946 by Giovanelli [Nature, 158, 81[ when he wrote, “During the growth of a sunspot there must be electric fields induced …” and “there will be places where actual neutral points exist …”Since that time our idea of reconnection has been refined and amplified. Today we no longer question that the process exists: there is little doubt that it plays a significant role in astrophysical and solar‐planetary plasma dynamics. During the past four decades theory, experiments and observations have made a great deal of progress in gaining an understanding of reconnection but have also posed a number of questions about the process.
Profiles of the hydrologic community
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The National Research Council's Water Science and Technology Board has a Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences chaired by AGU Past President Peter S. Eagleson (see “Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences,” by Eagleson, Eos, 69, 817). This committee recently conducted a survey of members of the AGU Hydrology Section. The results promised at the time of the survey are in the table below.A very impressive, almost incredible aspect of this survey is that nearly 75% of those surveyed actually responded. At first glance, the change in the hydrologic community has been spectacular. For example, note the percentage of respondents with doctoral degrees compared to that in 1960. The committee is trying to understand how much of the apparent change shown by this survey might be attributed to a change in the type of database and how much is real. Before the committee's NRC report is completed, there will be further analysis of the data and an interpretation. At this time, these data are drawn only from the working papers of the Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences. Appreciation is expressed to many members of the AGU Hydrology Section for their cooperation and assistance in responding to the survey. This informaton was provided by Stephen D. Barker, Director of the Water Science and Technology Board, NRC.
Geomagnetics R&D: The future of geomagnetics research and development in the military and civilian sectors: Impact of New Technologies
Authors: Hermance John F. 
Published: October 2006

Geomagnetics research and development in both the military and civilian sectors could benefit substantially from recent developments in technology. Among these might be included the use of satellites for navigation, communications, and magnetic field monitoring; the application of supercomputers to geophysical modeling; and the implementation of low‐noise, high‐resolution instrumentation.A small number of scientists had occasion to discuss these developments during July 1987, on the eve of the retirement of Robert H. Higgs as director of the Geophysics Department of the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) in Bay St. Louis, Miss. Bob is widely recognized among the scientific community as a luminary in what has been one of the most vigorous geomagnetics programs in the country, and the attendees met to pay tribute to his dedicated leadership and service to the science during his more than 31 years in NAVOCEANO. We met to exchange views and, in particular, to glean some insight from Bob on a number of issues facing the Navy and other agencies.
Australian Conference
Authors: Schmidt Phil 
Published: October 2006

The one‐day seminar Rockmagnetism, Palaeomagnetism and Geomagnetism: Current Paradigms and Problems was held November 24, 1988, in Sydney, Australia, at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Laboratories, North Ryde. It was convened jointly by the CSIRO and the Solid Earth Geophysics Specialist Group of the Geological Society of Australia and is expected to become a regular event.Contributions included Geomagnetic changes 1000–1500 A.D. from Thailand (and other parts of the world), from Mike Barbetti of Sydney University; Preliminary paleomagnetic results from Late Devonian redbeds from the south NSW coast, Gordon Thrupp of Macquarie University; Domain structure of PSD and MD grains and its temperature rearrangement‐I, Valera Shcherbakov, Academy of Science, U.S.S.R.; Domain structure of PSD and MD grains and its temperature rearrangement‐II, from Dave Clark of CSIRO; The Tertiary APWP of Australia, from Bob Musgrave of Australian National University (ANU) and NFA.
Deep seismic reflection profiling and continental evolution
Authors: Wright C. , Korsch R. J. , Finlayson D. M. , Goleby B. R. 
Published: October 2006

The International Symposium and Workshop, Seismic Probing of the Continents and Their Margins, was held in Canberra, Australia, July 1–8, 1988. It was the third in a series of biennial international meetings concerned with deep seismic reflection profiling of the continental crust. In the 2 years since the last conference in Cambridge [Barton, 1986; Peddy and Keen, 1987], many new deep seismic reflection profiles have been recorded, especially in western Europe and North America.The use of deep seismic reflection profiling to explore the deep basement of the continental crust was well established by 1984, when the first conference was held at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. By 1986, the deep seismic reflection method had become established as a means of testing models of the rifting or collision of continents, the evolution of mountain belts, and the development of sedimentary basins. Since 1986, new results have emerged for continental crust ranging in age from the Archean and Proterozoic terranes of North America, Scandinavia, and Australia, to the tectonically active regions of the European Alps and California. In some cases, geoscientists can now examine the structure of the continents in three dimensions to depths greater than 50 km in order to improve our understanding of continental tectonic processes.
Gulf Stream dynamic topography measured from space
Authors: Kilgus Charles C. , Hopkins Johns 
Published: October 2006

On March 9, 1989, the Navy‐sponsored GEOSAT radar altimeter satellite completed 50 cycles over its 17‐day exact repeat ground track. Results obtained from analyzing the mission data set were presented at the Eleventh GEOSAT Users Meeting held March 23 at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). Publication of the results is planned for a special 1989 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research, which will focus on GEOSAT.Development of a synthetic geoid processing technique that allows the total dynamic topography of the Gulf Stream front and eddy system to be measured was reported by scientists from the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Harvard University and APL. The “synthetic geoid” is realized by subtracting the climatology of the surface topography along a ground track (the mean circulation topography) from the mean of the altimeter data along the track. The technique dramatically increases the scientific value of radar altimeter data by removing the distortion and signal reduction caused by subtracting a mean sea surface that includes the mean circulation.
Macquarie earthquake of May 23, 1989
Authors: Romanowicz Barbara , Ekstrom Goran 
Published: October 2006

We read with great interest the news report in Eos (June 16, 1989) on the very large Macquarie earthquake of May 23, 1989, which left U.S. scientists divided as to whether this earthquake was of strike slip or thrust type or a mixture of both.Indeed, we think we have the solution to this dilemma, since thanks to teletransmitted data from 11 Geoscope stations recording both very long‐period and broad band data, we were able to obtain a reliable preliminary mechanism less than 48 hours after this earthquake occurred. Figure 1 shows this mechanism, which is a practically pure right‐lateral strike slip, consistent with the general trend in the Macquarie ridge area as indicated from the CMT catalog for the past 10 years [Dziewonski et al., 1989], and in particular, very similar to the mechanisms of the two largest events which occurred in this area in this time period (May 25, 1981 and July 7, 1982). By moment tensor inversion of very long‐period Rayleigh waves, we obtained a moment of 2.2×1028 dyne‐cm and a centroid time of 28 s, which yields a rating for this earthquake as “average‐to‐fast” with respect to the moment/duration relation. So far, we haven't found any conclusive evidence for strong horizontal directivity, while it seems that the rupture may have extended down to (or up from) at least 40 km. These features of the solution offer a good explanation as to why no tsunami was observed for this earthquake. The confidence in our “very‐long period” solution comes from its very good compatibility with broad band data from the three teletransmitted Geoscope stations that lie within the epicentral distance range 30°− 90° from the epicenter of the Macquarie event, both in terms of mechanism as well as source duration. For shallow earthquakes the earthquake depth and the vertical dip‐slip components of faulting are poorly constrained by the very‐long period data. The addition of only a few broad band seismograms in the analysis can remove this uncertainty. Figure 2 shows two examples of fits for SH waves obtained in a combined analysis of long‐period surface waves and broad band body waves [Ekstrom, 1989]. The teleseismic SH arrival at Papeete had an amplitude of 0.9 mm. The Macquarie region lies so far south in the southern hemisphere that very few records from existing broad band digital stations appropriate for mantle P and S wave analysis will ever be available. For Geoscope (which presently counts 20 operational broad band digital stations), besides PPT (Tahiti), KIP (Hawaii) and RER (Reunion Island), which were teletransmitted (CAN, Australia,is too close), we still expect data in this distance range from stations NOU (New Caledonia), DRV (Dumont d'Urville), PAF (Kerguelen) and CRZF (Crozet Island), the last three of which will take several months to arrive because they will travel part of the way by ship. Table 1 lists the coordinates and position with respect to the epicenter of the 11 stations whose data were teletransmitted.
Design of water quality information systems
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU cooperated with sponsors Colorado State University, Fort Collins, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in presenting the International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, June 7–9, 1989, in Fort Collins. There were 44 papers presented to the 125 symposium participants (see photo).In the keynote address, Marshall Moss (AGU General Secretary and U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Ariz.) described the evolution of water quality monitoring in an “information” age. He noted that if we are to bring what we have traditionally called “water quality monitoring” into the information age, we must couple decision technology with information technology at the system design stage. Representatives of national and local government and industry described how they are attempting to couple their water quality decisions with their “information” system.
Soviet submersibles visit U.S. for IGC
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The flagship of the Soviet oceanographic fleet docked near Washington, D.C., July 6 carrying two cargos, a boatload of Soviet scientists and two of five deep‐diving submersibles in the world.The submersibles have just completed missions that took them into a 5‐km‐deep trough in the Atlantic Ocean northwest of Portugal with U.S. and Canadian scientists June 21–22 and to the ocean bottom off Norway to survey damage to a Soviet navy nuclear submarine that burned and sank there earlier this year. The Soviet marine geologists are in Washington for the quadrennial meeting of the International Geological Congress, which runs through July 19.
Meeting Bromley
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Congress and the public got their first look at White House science advisor D. Allan Bromley last week. The nuclear physicist from Yale University generally pleased his questioners with polite, cautious statements about science policy and the priorities of the Bush administration.The scrutiny came July 21 at Bromley's confirmation hearing before the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation committee. Bromley is Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and also head of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy; the latter appointment is subject to Senate confirmation.
House cuts NASA, NSF budgets
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The House passed its version of the Fiscal Year 1990 spending bill July 20, voting less money than requested for NASA, NSF, and other independent agencies. An appropriation of $1.6 billion was approved for the space station despite an effort to cut funding for the project on the House floor.With a voice vote the House approved a Veterans Affairs‐Housing and Urban Development‐ Independent Agencies subcommittee (VAHUDIA) package totaling $65.1 billion, nearly $2.5 billion more than requested in President Bush's budget. NSF received $1.99 billion in the bill, $150 million less than requested, and NASA $12.26 billion, more than a billion less than the President asked for. The Department of Housing and Urban Development ($2.23 billion more than requested) and the Department of Veteran's Affairs ($908 million more than requested) were the big winners in the bill.
Jellyfish Lake, Palau
Authors: Burnett William C. , Landing William M. , Lyons W. Berry , Orem William 
Published: October 2006

Elemental cycling in suboxic to anoxic marine environments has received considerable attention in the past few years. The recent expeditions of the RIV Knorr to the Black Sea, for example, illustrate the interest in deciphering the geochemical processes active in such environments “Murray, 1988”.This interest has been stimulated by the recognition that the type of elemental cycling that occurs in restrictive basins such as the Black Sea also occurs in many other environments. Examples include hydrothermal systems, estuarine and marine sediments, and other water columns with restrictive circulation. In addition, evidence that widespread anoxia has occurred in oceans of the geologic past “Fischer and Arthur, 1977; Jenkyns, 1980” requires us to obtain a better understanding of geochemical processes under such conditions. We report here on preliminary geochemical measurements made in a stratified marine lake—an unusual, yet useful environment as an analog of an anoxic ocean.
Polar Anglo‐American Conjugate Experiment
Authors: Baker K. B. , Greenwald R. A. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Dudeney J. R. , Pinnock M. , Mattin N. , Leonard J. M. 
Published: October 2006

Study of the near‐Earth plasma environment and its interactions with the solar wind has reached a stage where major progress will come only from taking a global view of the interactions and coupling between different regions of the magnetosphere and ionosphere. An important aspect o f this global approach is coordinated investigation of ionospheric processes in both polar regions.The coupling between the two polar regions is determined in large part by Earth's magnetic field. Processes that occur at opposite ends of field lines are called conjugate. (Roederer [1969] has given a more complete definition and classification of conjugacy.)
Geomagnetic paleointensity
Authors: Kono Masaru 
Published: October 2006

Paleointensity is the variations in magnitude of the geomagnetic field in the near and remote past. Similar to paleodirectional studies, paleointensity research depends on the ability of a rock to preserve for a geologically long time the information related to the ambient magnetic field existing at the time the rock was formed.Paleointensity determination is difficult because a quantitative relation should exist between the field strength and the remanent magnetization acquired in it. In contrast, for ordinary paleomagnetic studies seeking the direction of the paleofield, only a qualitative relation that the remanence direction is parallel to the magnetic field is required.
Ozone's Effects on UV documented
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

For the first time, scientists have recorded increases in ultraviolet irradiance through the Antarctic ozone hole. The measurements confirm the predicted effects of severe stratospheric ozone depletion on Earth.During last year's austral spring, when ozone declined about 15% over Antarctica, mid‐October ultraviolet (UV) levels were as high as those of summer two months later. Because ozone levels during the period of most severe depletion in 1988 were still twice those of 1987, when nearly half the ozone over some areas was destroyed, even greater UV levels than measured last year may occur in Antarctica this coming austral spring, when the ozone layer is expected by some atmospheric scientists to thin as much as in 1987.
Science writing prize to Littmann
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The 1989 American Institute of Physics Science Writing Award in Physics and Astronomy has been given to Mark Littmann for his book, Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System, published by John Wiley & Sons. The prize is awarded annually for exceptional writing about physics and astronomy.Littmann, president of Starmaster Corporation, an educational publications company, has also written the booklet Reference Guide for the Solar System Wall Chart and coauthored Comet Halley: Once in a Lifetime. In addition, he has written, produced, and directed several planetarium theater programs. Littmann currently is a visiting astronomy professor at Loyola College, Baltimore, Md.
Peck continues as USGS director
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

President Bush has announced that Dallas Lynn Peck will continue as director of the U.S. Geological Survey. Peck has held this position since 1981.A Fellow of AGU and past president of AGU's Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology section, Peck has also served as chairman for the Committee on Earth Sciences since 1987 and was cohost and head of the U.S. Delegation to the 28th International Geological Congress, held in Washington, D.C., in July. Honors include the Presidential Meritorious Executive Award, 1980, and the Alumni Distinguished Service Award, California Institute of Technology, 1985.
Greenland Deep Ice Core begun
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The first season of a multiyear project to drill more than 10,000 feet through the thickest part of the Greenland ice cap has begun to yield the information needed to trace 200,000 years of climatic history by decades or even years.The high‐resolution climate record geophysicists hope to construct from dust and gases contained in the ice would allow them to gauge the response of Earth to short‐term natural perturbations they think are comparable to the recent buildup of greenhouse gases.
Modeling surface water
Authors: Kavvas M. L. 
Published: October 2006

The IAHS symposium New Directions in Surface Water Modeling was held May 15–17, sponsored by the International Commission on Surface Water. The nine symposium sessions were on rainfall fields, physics‐based hydrological models, floods, rainfall‐runoff models, droughts, geographic information systems (GIS), decision‐support systems, and expert systems. There were 38 oral and 11 poster papers from 24 countries.Using GIS as a tool in hydrology has great potential for improving the spatial description and modeling of basin geomorphology and hydrological parameters. Radar‐ and satellite‐ based studies of rainfall fields show significant advances in the estimation and shortterm prediction of rainfall in time and space.
New observatory for Caltech
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The L. K. Whittier Foundation of Pasadena, Calif., has given the California Institute of Technology $980,000 to build a seismological observatory, to be designed and run by Caltech's Seismological Laboratory.The Whittier Advanced Geophysical Observatory will consist of three broad‐band, highdynamic‐range, digital seismometers that will be placed to form a triangle extending from near Santa Barbara to central California to near the Mexican border. Exact locations will be determined later.
Potomac Geophysical Society
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Potomac Geophysical Society, an affiliate of AGU, will hold its first meeting of the 1989–1990 season September 21. Wilson Shaffer, who heads the Marine Techniques Branch of the National Weather Service's Techniques Development Laboratory, will describe SLOSH, NOAA's hurricane storm surge model. Future programs include crustal reflection studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in October, Chernobyl radiation effects in November, space as a research platform in December, and the Neptune flyby in January.Officers for 1989–1990 are Gerald Barton, president; Karl Veith, first vice president; Indra N. Gupta and David Zinzer, second vice presidents; John Coyne, secretary; and David Zinzer, treasurer.
Women in ocean sciences: A status report
Authors: Gross M. Grant 
Published: October 2006

Science has long been dominated by men, but women are now entering the sciences [Widnall, 1988[, including ocean sciences, in large numbers. Indeed, women constitute 64% of the entering work force [Task Force, 1988]—white women 42%, nonwhite women 13%, and immigrant women 9%. Thus, meeting oceanography's human resource needs requires that it attract and retain women.This paper addresses the question, How are we doing? I hope also to stimulate discussion on these issues, leading to identification of activites appropriate for research‐funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation, to undertake.
100th anniversary of stream gaging
Authors: Bush Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

The first U.S. Geological Survey stream‐gaging station was set up on the Rio Grande at Embudo, N. Mex., in 1889. The site was chosen for its easy accessibility by railroad, a necessity for bringing in scientific and camp equipment, and because funds appropriated by Congress for the Irrigation Survey were to be used only west of the 100th meridian.Chief hydrologist of the USGS, Philip Cohen, spoke September 20 at the Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., commemorating the 100th anniversary of the station.