bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult ABO‐incompatible liver transplantation, using A2 and B donors
Authors: Skogsberg Ulrika , Breimer Michael E. , Friman Styrbjörn , Mjörnstedt Lars , Mölne Johan , Olausson Michael , Rydberg Lennart , Svalander Christian T. , Bäckman Lars 
Published: March 2006

Abstract: Background: The longer waiting time for a liver graft in patients with blood group O makes it necessary to expand the donor pool for these patients. This applies in both urgent situations and for elective patients. We report on our experience with ABO‐incompatible liver transplantation using A2 and B non‐secretor donors here.Patients and methods: Between 1996 and 2005, 12 adult blood group O recipients (seven male/five female) received ABO‐incompatible cadaveric liver grafts (10 A2 donors, two B non‐secretor donors). The indications were either rapid deterioration of liver function or hepatocellular cancer, in blood group O recipients, where an ABO‐identical/compatible graft was not available. Mean recipient age was 54±8 (mean±SD) yr. All pre‐operative CDC crossmatches were negative. The initial immunosuppression was induction therapy with antithymocyte globulin (n=3), interleukin 2 receptor antagonists (n=3) or anti‐CD20 antibody (rituximab) (n=1), followed by a tacrolimus‐based protocol. Three patients underwent plasmapheresis post‐transplantation. Baseline biopsies were taken before or immediately after reperfusion of the graft and after grafting when clinically indicated. No pre‐operative plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption or splenectomies were performed.Results: Patient and graft survival was 10/12 (83%) and 8/12 (67%), respectively, with a 6.5‐month median follow‐up (range 10 days to 109 months). Two patients (B non‐secretor grafts) died of multiorgan failure probably because of a poor condition before transplantation. Three patients were retransplanted. Causes of graft loss were bacterial arteritis (n=1), death with a functioning graft (n=1) and portal vein thrombosis (n=2). In one of the patients with portal vein thrombosis, an anti‐A titer increase occurred concomitantly, and ABO incompatibility as the cause of the thrombosis cannot be excluded. Seven acute rejections occurred in five patients and all were reversed by steroids or increased tacrolimus dosage. The pre‐transplant anti‐A titers tested against A1 red blood cells were 1 to 128 (NaCl technique) and 4 to 1024 (indirect antiglobulin technique, IAT); the maximum postoperative titers were 16 to 2048 (NaCl) and 256 to 32 000 (IAT).Conclusion: The favorable outcome of A2 to O grafting, with a patient survival of 10/10 and a graft survival of 8/10, makes it possible to also consider this blood group combination in non‐urgent situations. The use of non‐secretor donor grafts is interesting but has to be further documented. There was no hyperacute rejection or increased rate of rejection. Anti‐A/B titer changes seem not to play a significant role in the monitoring of ABO‐incompatible liver transplantation.
Structural characterization of blood group A glycolipids in blood group A1 liver tissue in situ perfused with O blood: the dominating presence of type 1 core chain A antigens
Authors: Samuelsson Bo E. , Magnusson Stefan , Rydberg Lennart , Scherstén Tore , Breimer Michael E 
Published: March 2006

Abstract: Background: Biochemical studies of organ blood group antigen expression show a mixed pattern originating from both the organ tissue and remaining blood cells trapped in the organ despite in vitro perfusion of the vascular tree. The blood group A glycolipid expression was studied in a unique case in which a human liver had been in situ perfused by recipient blood.Case history: A blood group O recipient was re‐transplanted with an ABO incompatible A1Le (a−b+) liver. Because of discrepancy in size, liver segments II and III were removed 2 h after re‐vascularization. Thereafter, the removed A1 liver segment was physiologically in situ perfused with O blood, eliminating a major part of the donor blood cells/plasma.Experimental: Total neutral glycolipids were isolated from the liver tissue and separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Purified glycolipid fractions were stained with anti‐A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and structurally characterized by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.Results: Two blood group A reactive glycolipid compounds were isolated. One component had a thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) mobility as a six‐sugar glycolipid and reacted with mAbs specific for A type 1 mono‐fucosyl structures. The second glycolipid fraction migrated as seven‐sugar components and reacted with mAbs specific for type 1 difucosyl (ALeb) as well as Leb determinants. Mass spectrometry of the six‐sugar component showed a structure similar to a blood group A hexaglycosylceramide with one fucose. Mass spectrometry and proton NMR spectroscopy of the seven‐sugar fraction revealed a mixture of blood group Leb hexa‐ and ALeb hepta‐glycosylceramides, respectively. All fractions were non‐reactive with antibodies specific for A antigens based on types 3 and 4 core chain structures. In addition, TLC immunostaining of glycolipids isolated from blood group A livers, harvested for organ transplantation but discarded for various reasons, revealed trace amounts of several A glycolipids with a complex pattern.Conclusion: The in situ perfused liver tissue contains blood group A glycolipids based exclusively on type 1 core chains. The secretor gene (Se) codes for a fucosyltransferase acting on all core chain precursors while the H‐gene fucosyltransferase only utilizes the type 2 chain precursor. Whether this explains that only A type 1 chain compounds were found has to be established.
Determination of the Maximum Tolerated Dose and the Safety Index of an Experimental Fasciolicide in Cattle
Authors: Vera Y. , Ibarra F. , Cantó G. J. , Soria O. , Castillo R. , Hernández A. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the safety index (SI) of 5‐chloro‐2‐methylthio‐6‐(1‐napthyloxy)1H‐benzimidazole, called compound alpha, in cattle. In addition, to search for possible adverse effects after treatment, the measurement of some biochemical, haematological and physiological parameters were also analysed. Eighteen crossbred heifers were divided into six groups of three animals each. Groups 1–5 received a single oral dose of 12, 36, 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg of body weight (bw) of compound alpha. Group 6 served as an untreated control. To determine the biochemical, haematological and enzymatic parameters, sera and blood samples were individually taken at 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 128, and 720 h after treatment. Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature, heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and ruminal motility were measured at the time intervals mentioned above. Estimation of the MTD and SI was obtained by using the formula reported by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the results showing an MTD of 180 mg/kg/bw and an SI of 15 times the recommended clinical dose. Some statistical differences were observed in a few of the biochemical, haematological and enzymatic parameters, the adverse effects being not highly representative. Alterations on HR and RR were statistically different (P < 0.05) only in heifers treated with 180 mg.
Erosive Stomatitis in a White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) Caused by Piagetiella titan (Mallophaga: Menoponidae)
Authors: Dik B. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryTwo white pelicans at the garden of a restaurant in Beyşehir, a county of Konya province were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Nine lice were collected from the oral cavity of one of them. They were identified as Piagetiella titan. Diffuse erosions, erosive ulcers covered by dried yellowish‐brown exudate and petechial haemorrhages were observed in oral mucosa.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp, gp‐170) expression in allogeneic kidney transplant patients
Authors: KOTRYCH KATARZYNA , MASIUK MAREK , DOMAŃSKI LESZEK , RÓŻAŃSKI JACEK , DROŹDZIK MAREK 
Published: March 2006

SUMMARY:Aim and Methods:  P‐glycoprotein (gp‐170, P‐gp) is a transmembrane transporter involved in drug, for example cyclosporine A, efflux from the cells thus limiting their intracellular concentration. Expression of the transporter on the surface of immune competent cells may be associated with poor prognosis in kidney transplant patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate P‐gp expression on the surface of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD56+ cells in kidney transplant patients treated with cyclosporine A as a main immunosuppressant, using flow cytometry.Results:  It was found that P‐gp expression in kidney transplant patients with acute rejection did not differ significantly from transplanted patients without rejection studied in the same period after transplantation, as well as from the healthy controls. Administration of 3‐day course of 1000 mg/24 h methylprednisolone did not affect the expression of P‐gp in the studied cells, except for significant elevation in CD56+ cells, which disappeared at 2 weeks after cessation of steroid administration.Conclusion:  Based on the results from the present study it can be concluded that P‐gp expression is not a prognostic factor of acute kidney graft rejection.
Anesthesia in a child with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: VASHISHT RITA , PROSSER DYLAN 
Published: March 2006

SummaryWe describe the anesthesia management of a 12‐year‐old girl, diagnosed with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), who presented with a submandibular abscess. FOP is a rare, inherited disorder with heterotopic bone formation and progressive musculoskeletal disability. This disability ultimately confines patients to a wheelchair. Minor trauma following dental treatment may lead to ankylosis of the jaw. Subsequent to this disability, which resulted in poor dental hygiene, our patient developed a dental abscess. This spread along the mandibular margin and under the tongue. She presented with an impending airway compromise in an already difficult situation. The options for airway management in a child with limited mouth opening are discussed.
A cohort study of the incidence and risk factors for negative behavior changes in children after general anesthesia
Authors: STARGATT ROBYN , DAVIDSON ANDREW J. , HUANG GRACE H , CZARNECKI CAROLINE , GIBSON MARGARET A , STEWART STEPHANIE A , JAMSEN KRIS 
Published: March 2006

SummaryBackground:  Hospitalization and anesthesia can have a substantial psychological impact on children, which may be manifested by negative behavioral change. The primary aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of negative behavior change postanesthesia in a large cohort of children, and to identify the possible risk factors.Methods:  One thousand two hundred and fifty children aged from 3 to 12 years scheduled for anesthesia for a variety of procedures were enrolled. The absolute version of the Vernon Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) was used to assess behavior change at 3 and 30 days postanesthesia. Deterioration in seven or more items of behavior was defined to be a significant negative behavior change. Demographic data, anesthesia details, type and extent of preparation, details of procedure and length of hospitalization were recorded. Child temperament, child anxiety and parental anxiety were also measured.Results:  Twenty‐four percent of children had significant negative behavior change at day 3 and 16% at day 30. After logistic regression, factors associated with significant negative behavior change at 3 days were increased parental state anxiety, younger age, overnight admission, lower birth order and preparation via having a discussion with the anesthetist. At day 30, longer hospitalization, younger age, reading the anesthesia preparation book and a previous difficult anesthesia experience were associated with significant negative behavior change. Also at day 30, reading the anesthesia preparation book was strongly associated with negative behavior change in children having short procedures, but not longer procedures. However, at both 3 and 30 days, the amount of variability explained by factors included in the models was low.Conclusions:  Significant negative behavior change can occur in children after anesthesia. It is difficult to precisely predict in which children this will occur, however, some individual, family and procedural variables are associated with significant negative behavior change. If used, preparation should be considered according to level of surgical complexity.
Distraction with a hand‐held video game reduces pediatric preoperative anxiety
Authors: PATEL ANURADHA , SCHIEBLE THOMAS , DAVIDSON MELISSA , TRAN MINH C. J. , SCHOENBERG CATHERINE , DELPHIN ELLISE , BENNETT HENRY 
Published: March 2006

SummaryBackground: Video games have received widespread application in health care for distraction and behavior modification therapy. Studies on the effect of cognitive distraction during the preoperative period are lacking. We evaluated the efficacy of an interactive distraction, a hand‐held video game (VG) in reducing preoperative anxiety in children.Methods: In a randomized, prospective study of 112 children aged 4–12 years undergoing outpatient surgery, anxiety was assessed after admission and again at mask induction of anesthesia, using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Postoperative behavior changes were assessed with the Posthospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ). Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: parent presence (PP), PP + a hand‐held VG, and PP + 0.5 mg·kg−1oral midazolam (M) given >20 min prior to entering the operating room.Results: There was a statistically significant increase in anxiety (P < 0.01) in groups M and PP at induction of anesthesia compared with baseline, but not in VG group. VG patients demonstrated a decrease in anxiety from baseline (median change in mYPAS −3), the difference compared with PP (+11.8) was significant (P = 0.04). The change in anxiety in the M group (+7.3) was not statistically different from other groups. Sixty‐three percent of patients in VG group had no change or decrease in anxiety after treatment, compared with 26% in M group and 28% in PP group (P = 0.01). There was no difference in anxiety changes between female and male patients.Conclusions: A hand‐held VG can be offered to most children as a low cost, easy to implement, portable, and effective method to reduce anxiety in the preoperative area and during induction of anesthesia. Distraction in a pleasurable and familiar activity provides anxiety relief, probably through cognitive and motor absorption.
The use of the Framingham equation to predict myocardial infarctions in HIV‐infected patients: comparison with observed events in the D:A:D Study
Authors: Law MG , Friis‐Møller N , El‐Sadr WM , Weber R , Reiss P , D'Arminio Monforte A , Thiébaut R , Morfeldt L , De Wit S , Pradier C , Calvo G , Kirk O , Sabin CA , Phillips AN , Lundgren JD ,   for the D:A:D Study Group
Published: March 2006

BackgroundThe D:A:D (Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti‐HIV Drugs) Study, a prospective observational study on a cohort of 23 468 patients with HIV infection, indicated that the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) increased by 26% per year of exposure to combination antiretroviral treatment (CART). However, it remains unclear whether the observed increase in the rate of MI in this population can be attributed to changes in conventional cardiovascular risk factors.ObjectiveTo compare the number of MIs observed among participants in the D:A:D Study with the number predicted by assuming that conventional cardiovascular risk equations apply to patients with HIV infection.MethodsThe Framingham equation, a conventional cardiovascular risk algorithm, was applied to individual patient data in the D:A:D Study to predict rates of MI by duration of CART. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the effect of model and data assumptions. Predictions were extrapolated to provide 10‐year risk estimates, and various scenarios were modelled to assess the expected effect of different interventions.ResultsIn patients receiving CART, the observed numbers of MIs during D:A:D follow up were similar to or somewhat higher than predicted numbers: 9 observed vs 5.5 events predicted, 14 vs 9.8, 22 vs 14.9, 31 vs 23.2 and 47 vs 37.0 for<1 year, 1–2 years, 2–3 years, 3–4 years and >4 years CART exposure, respectively. In patients who had not received CART, the observed number of MIs was fewer than predicted (3 observed vs 7.6 predicted). Nine per cent of the study population have a predicted 10‐year risk of MI above 10%, a level usually associated with initiation of intervention on risk factors.ConclusionsA consistent feature of all analyses was that observed and predicted rates of MI increased in a parallel fashion with increased CART duration, suggesting that the observed increase in risk of MI may at least in part be explained by CART‐induced changes in conventional risk factors. These findings provide guidance in terms of choosing lifestyle or therapeutic interventions to decrease those risk factors in much the same way as in persons without HIV infection.
HIV testing practices in Jamaica
Authors: Norman LR 
Published: March 2006

ObjectivesPrevention programmes often promote HIV testing as one possible strategy for combating the spread of the disease. The objectives of the present study were to examine levels of HIV testing practices in a large sample of Jamaicans and the relationships among HIV testing, sociodemographic variables and HIV‐related behaviours.MethodsA total of 1800 persons, aged 15–49 years, were surveyed between May and August 2004 using a household‐level, interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included HIV‐related knowledge, attitudinal and behavioural items. For the present analyses, data from 1558 sexually experienced persons were examined.ResultsApproximately 38% of the sexually experienced sample reported a history of HIV testing. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that adults, females, persons with post‐high school education and married persons were more likely to report previous HIV testing. Also, those who had attended an HIV/AIDS education workshop or discussion and those who reported knowing persons living with HIV/AIDS were more likely to report previous testing. However, HIV testing was not associated with condom use or with the number of sexual partners.ConclusionsThe lack of significant findings establishing a relationship between testing and risky sexual behaviours should not negate the importance of HIV testing. Being informed regarding personal HIV serostatus is one of the first steps in self‐protection. Effective messages and programmes promoting HIV testing need to be developed and implemented in Jamaica, in order to educate people about how to assess their level of risk with respect to contracting HIV infection.
Poly‐l‐lactic acid: consultation on the injection techniques
Authors: Vleggaar D 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectives  When poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) was first introduced (marketed as New‐Fill™), incorrect injection technique was largely responsible for the manifestation of device‐related adverse events in the form of subcutaneous papules and areas of induration. Now marketed as Sculptra®, widespread clinical experience with injectable PLLA has resulted in a wealth of information on product reconstitution and correct injection technique. The injection techniques for the optimal use of injectable PLLA are detailed here.Results  When injecting PLLA it is important to adhere to the product guidelines in terms of injection volume, depth and placement. As the material provides a gradual restoration of volume, PLLA should be injected conservatively, avoiding the possibility of overcorrection. Injections should be sufficiently deep to avoid areas of induration in the superficial layers of the dermis. Areas above hypermobile muscles should also be avoided to prevent localized coalescence of injected material. While utilization of a specific injection technique depends on the position and severity of the volume deficiency, all injections use a 26‐gauge needle and are separated by 0.5–1.0 cm. In the lower face a ‘criss‐cross’ and ‘tunnelling’ technique should be employed, depositing the material into the deep dermis at the junction with the hypodermis, followed by massage every 3–4 injections. Massage should be continued by the patient for at least a week following the treatment session. The ‘criss‐cross’ and ‘tunnelling’ procedures involve the deposition of 0.1–0.2 mL of PLLA per injection. Material injected into the temple area should be deposited deep next to the bone with a ‘depot’ technique. Injections around the orbits or perioral region are possible, but should not be attempted without sufficient training.Conclusion  Adhering to the correct injection technique enables the physician to provide durable, natural‐looking volume restoration with a very low incidence of device‐related adverse events.
Temporal organization of an anuran acoustic community in a Taiwanese subtropical forest
Authors: Hsu M.‐Y. , Kam Y.‐C. , Fellers G. M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe recorded anuran vocalizations in each of four habitats at Lien Hua Chih Field Station, Taiwan, between July 2000 and July 2001. For each 27 biweekly sample, eight recorders taped calls for 1 min out of every 11 between the hours of 17:00 and 07:00. We obtained 11 481 recordings with calls, and identified 21 503 frogs or groups of frogs. These included 20 species, with an average of 10.4±3.5 species calling each night. Some species called year round, others called in the spring and summer, and a third group called only in the fall and winter. The number of species calling and the maximum calling intensity were correlated with both rainfall and air temperature. The nightly pattern of calling varied among species. Most species called continuously throughout the night, whereas some had a peak right after dusk. A few species had different nightly calling patterns in different habitats. Both Rana limnocharis and Rana kuhlii changed their calling pattern in the presence of large choruses of other anuran species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: CHAROENTAWEE KANCEE , POOMPUANG SUPAWADEE , NA‐NAKORN UTHAIRAT 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were characterized in a freshwater prawn from enriched genomic library using six biotinylated probes: (AG)10, (TG)10, (CAA)10, (CAG)10, (GAT)10 and (TAC)10. Primers for DNA amplification were designed and synthesized for 20 loci. Ten loci were polymorphic with the number of alleles ranging from five to 17 alleles per locus and the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.27 to 0.83 per locus. Developed microsatellite primers should prove useful for selective breeding programs and population genetic studies of freshwater prawn.