bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy and inborn errors of metabolism in adults: A diagnostic approach
Authors: Sedel F. , Gourfinkel‐An I. , Lyon‐Caen O. , Baulac M. , Saudubray J.‐M. , Navarro V. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryInborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent poorly known causes of epilepsy in adulthood. Although rare, these are important to recognize for several reasons: some IEMs respond to specific treatments, some antiepileptic drugs interfering with metabolic pathways may worsen the clinical condition, and specific genetic counselling can be provided. We review IEMs potentially revealed by epilepsy that can be encountered in an adult neurology department. We distinguished progressive myoclonic epilepsies (observed in some lysosomal storage diseases, respiratory chain disorders and Lafora disease), from other forms of epilepsies (observed in disorders of intermediary metabolism, including porphyrias, creatine metabolism defects, glucose transporter (GLUT‐1) deficiency, Wilson disease or succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency). We propose a diagnostic approach and point out clinical, radiological and electrophysiological features that suggest an IEM in an epileptic patient.
Hereditary spastic paraparesis in adults associated with inborn errors of metabolism: A diagnostic approach
Authors: Sedel F. , Fontaine B. , Saudubray J. M. , Lyon‐Caen O. 
Published: October 2007

SummarySpastic paraparesis is a general term describing progressive stiffness and weakness in the lower limbs caused by pyramidal tract lesions. This clinical situation is frequently encountered in adult neurology. The diagnostic survey is usually limited to searching for acquired causes (spinal cord compression, inflammatory, metabolic, infectious diseases) and the so‐called ‘hereditary spastic paraparesis’ Although poorly recognized by neurologists, spastic paraparesis is also one of the multiple presentations of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in children and adults. Pyramidal signs are usually included in a diffuse neurological or systemic clinical picture; however, in some cases spastic paraparesis remains the only symptom for years. Since these metabolic causes are often treatable, it is essential to include them in the general diagnostic approach to spastic paraparesis. Here we review IEMs causing paraparesis in adults.
Shifts in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity associated with the presence and size of an alien crayfish
Authors: Correia Alexandra M. , Anastácio Pedro M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo investigate the effects of Procambarus clarkii on macroinvertebrate diversity, we conducted a mesocosm experiment simulating small pools in rice field pads after the rice season. We hypothesized that crayfish predation would negatively impact macroinvertebrate diversity, and the magnitude of this impact should vary with the size of P. clarkii. We conducted a short‐term mesocosm experiment to determine macroinvertebrate diversity in the presence of three size classes and in the absence of crayfish, as well as the diet composition of crayfish from the three size classes. At the end of the experiments, the diet of crayfish was composed of the most available taxa (Culicidae, Chironomus, Tanytarsini and Orthocladinae). These results also show evidence that, in confined areas, crayfish are important predators of major rice pests such as rice Chironominae larvae. Macroinvertebrate diversity was negatively affected by crayfish presence, but the effect was inversely proportional to crayfish size. The highest diversity index was obtained in the absence of P. clarkii, and juvenile crayfish significantly reduced macroinvertebrate diversity. Thus, the impact of P. clarkii on aquatic macroinvertebrates is size dependent and may be relevant in small pools formed in rice field pads from early autumn to late winter. Overall, our findings suggest that the negative effects of P. clarkii on macroinvertebrate diversity may be particularly strong in local natural assemblages confined to puddles of water or small ponds in wetland areas.
Effects of flooding and artificial burning disturbances on plant species composition in a downstream riverside floodplain
Authors: Ishida Shinya , Nakashizuka Tohru , Gonda Yutaka , Kamitani Tomohiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOur objective was to detect environmental and disturbance factors that determine plant species composition in a downstream riverside floodplain of the Shinano River, where both natural flooding and artificial fire disturbances predominate. We classified the natural vegetation into five types by physiognomy, i.e., burnt field, intact (unburnt) field, early‐successional forest, later‐successional forest, and margin of channel. We deployed 14 transect belts containing 713 plots of 1 m × 1 m at these sites. In the plots, we determined plant occurrences and values of five environmental (soil moisture, soil texture, relative elevation above the river, horizontal distance from the river, and light conditions) and two disturbance factors (scouring of plants by flooding and fire). Plant species compositions and environmental and disturbance factors were different among the sites. Logistic regression analysis showed that burning stimulated the occurrences of herbaceous annuals and conversely constrained those of woody and fern species, suggesting that fire disturbance resets the succession. Scouring of plants by flooding also affected the occurrences of many species, and had a positive influence on that of herbaceous winter annuals in particular. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the distributional characteristics of the plant species in the riverside floodplain were influenced primarily by distance from the river, reflecting the magnitude of flood disturbance. We conclude that (1) magnitude of flood disturbance is the primary factor determining plant species composition, and (2) burning maintains early successional vegetation and simultaneously creates a unique plant species composition by stimulating the germination of buried viable seeds transported by flood.
Reliability of pediobarographs for paediatric foot deformity
Authors: Riad Jacques , Coleman Scott , Henley John , Miller Freeman 
Published: October 2007

Purpose Dynamic pediobarograph measures foot–floor contact pressure during walking and provides a quantitative functional assessment. The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of pediobarograph measurements in normal children and in those with cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and methods During the first investigation, five non-disabled children and four with CP had three pediobarograph measurements taken of each foot, repeated five times. The pediobarographs were analysed by dividing the foot into five segments; the heel, the lateral midfoot, the medial midfoot, the lateral forefoot and the medial forefoot. A measure of valgus/varus foot posture was defined as the relative medial–lateral difference of combined mid- and forefoot impulse, named valgus/varus index. During the second investigation, 50 children (100 feet) with spastic diplegic CP were studied to calculate the standard error of measurements (SEM), to investigate the number of pediobarograph measurements necessary to obtain accurate results. The third investigation was an inter- and intraobserver study performed on one normal subject's repeated measurements. Results In the first investigation, the group with CP had a significantly increased variability in the medial midfoot ( P = 0.013). The variability of the valgus/varus index had a standard deviation of 13%, demonstrating that this measure is relatively stable. The SEM and 95% confidence interval from the second experiment showed that, even if the accuracy increased with the number of measurements, the greatest gain seemed to be contributed by increasing the number of measurements from 3 to 6. The inter- and intraobserver study showed good to mostly excellent agreement. Conclusion Pediobarograph measurements can be used to monitor and quantitatively assess the progressive changes of foot deformity over time. Pediobarograph is a reliable measurement that shows little variability between measurements at the same occasion and between measurements on different days. Three to six measurements seems practical and adequate to obtain. The technical aspect of measuring shows good repeatability and agreement between observers.
English shop signs in Macedonia
Authors: Dimova Slobodanka 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTTHIS STUDY investigates the extent to which English is used in shop signs and windows as part of the names of businesses and other premises, and of notes, advertisements, and slogans in the city of Veles, in Macedonia: a country in south-eastern Europe established in 1991, after the disintegration of Communist Yugoslavia. It is situated in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula, and borders on Serbia, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. Macedonian, a Slavonic language, is its official tongue: the native language of around 66.5% of the population, while Albanian is native to approximately 22.9%. Other languages used in Macedonia are Turkish, Serbian, Romani, and Rumanian.
Just because it's new doesn't mean people will notice it
Authors: Hilpert Martin 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTLANGUAGE changes all the time. Speakers produce innovations that are novel at first, but become conventionalized as they are used more and more. Some get a fair amount of press. The rise of ‘singular they’ (Has everyone got their handout?) has provoked a heated debate about proper usage (cf. Balhorn 2004). However, not all innovations have such a polarizing effect, as some enter the language below the radar of prescriptivism. As a case in point, the construction just because…doesn't mean… (as in the title of this article) is a fairly recent expression that has developed its own syntactic and semantic properties, but is not perceived as particularly deviant. This article discusses the idiosyncratic properties of this construction, draws a brief sketch of its history, and offers some thoughts on why it could establish itself without attracting much notice.
PALS: Efficient Or-Parallel execution of Prolog on Beowulf clusters
Authors: PONTELLI ENRICO , VILLAVERDE KAREN , GUO HAI-FENG , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of thePALSsystem, an implementation of Prolog capable of efficiently exploiting or-parallelism ondistributed-memoryplatforms—specifically Beowulf clusters. PALS makes use of a novel technique, calledincremental stack-splitting. The technique proposed builds on the stack-splitting approach, previously described by the authors and experimentally validated on shared-memory systems, which in turn is an evolution of the stack-copying method used in a variety of parallel logic and constraint systems—e.g., MUSE, YAP, and Penny. The PALS system is the first distributed or-parallel implementation of Prolog based on the stack-splitting method ever realized. The results presented confirm the superiority of this method as a simple yet effective technique to transition from shared-memory to distributed-memory systems. PALS extends stack-splitting by combining it with incremental copying; the paper provides a description of the implementation of PALS, including details of how distributed scheduling is handled. We also investigate methodologies to effectively support order-sensitive predicates (e.g., side-effects) in the context of the stack-splitting scheme. Experimental results obtained from running PALS on both Shared Memory and Beowulf systems are presented and analyzed.
Physiological upper limits of left ventricular dimensions in highly trained junior tennis players
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Wilson Mathew , Naghavi Reza , Whyte Gregory , Turner Mike , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: October 2007

Background:The differentiation between physiological cardiac enlargement and cardiomyopathy is crucial, considering that most young non-traumatic deaths in sport are due to cardiomyopathy. Currently, there are few data relating to cardiac dimensions in junior elite tennis players. The aim of this study was to define the upper limits of left ventricular dimensions in a large cohort of national adolescent tennis players.Methods:Between 1996 and 2003, 259 adolescent tennis players (152 males), mean (SD) age 14.8 (1.4) years (range 13–19) and 86 healthy age, gender and body surface matched sedentary controls underwent 12-lead ECG and 2D-transthoracic echocardiography.Results:Inter-ventricular septal end diastolic dimension (IVSd), left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDd) and left ventricular end diastolic posterior wall dimension (LVPWd) in tennis players were significantly higher than in controls (8.9 mm vs 8.3 mm p<0.001, 48.9 mm vs 47.9 mm p<0.05 and 9 mm vs 8.3 mm p<0.001 respectively), however in absolute terms, the difference did not exceed 7%. None of the tennis players had a wall thickness exceeding 12 mm or a left ventricular cavity size exceeding 60 mm.Conclusions:Tennis players exhibit modest increases in cardiac dimensions, which do not resemble those seen in individuals with cardiomyopathy affecting the left ventricle.
An uncommon ankle sprain: Figure 1
Authors: van Zoest Wart J F , Janssen Rob P A , Tseng Carroll M E S 
Published: October 2007

Objective:Ankle sprain is the most frequently occurring acute injury in tennis, accounting for 20–25% of all injuries. In the current paper, we assess the cause of ankle sprain and suggest possibilities to be considered during diagnosis.Methods:We assessed a professional tennis player with a partial tear of the long peroneal tendon after an ankle sprain by physical exam, X-ray and MRI.Results:Conservative treatment by means of soft cast and propriocepsis training led to full recovery.Conclusion:Peroneal tendon disorders must be part of the differential diagnosis after ankle sprain in the professional athlete.
Short-term effects of light and heavy load interventions on service velocity and precision in elite young tennis players
Authors: Ferrauti Alexander , Bastiaens Kenneth 
Published: October 2007

Objective:This study was conducted to investigate the acute effects of a complex throwing intervention set-up, with light or heavy loads, on the service velocity of elite junior tennis players.Methods:On 3 separate test days, 13 elite juniors (mean (SD) 12.3 (0.8) years, 149 (9) cm, 37.5 (5.5) kg) performed four sets of six serves with different between-set conditions. In a cross-over design, the players performed respectively 6, 4 and 2 maximum effort throws with a 200 g ball (LI, light intervention), 6, 4 and 2 maximum effort throws with a 600 g ball (HI, heavy intervention) and no throws (NI, no intervention) during the 2 min in between-set period. Participants were instructed to serve, with maximum speed, to a target near the midline of the deuce court service box. A two-factor analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of intervention type and set number on “service velocity”, “service precision” (eg, percentage of serves in) and “service touch” (11 point rating scale).Results:Mean (SD) service velocity decreased significantly in HI (124.3 (7.8) km/h) as compared to NI (126.6 (9.3) km/h, p<0.05, effect size d = 0.26), yet no such differences were found between LI (125.2 (7.9) km/h) and NI. Service velocity also remained constant between sets (p = 0.406). Service precision and service touch were unaffected by the interventions.Conclusions:Under the conditions of our study, a heavy throwing intervention during service training has no beneficial effect on service velocity in young elite tennis players (under 14).
Muscle activation in coupled scapulohumeral motions in the high performance tennis serve
Authors: Kibler William B , Chandler T Jeff , Shapiro Robert , Conuel Michael 
Published: October 2007

Objective:To evaluate muscle activation patterns in selected scapulohumeral muscles in the tennis serve. These patterns of muscle activation have not been evaluated in other studies of the tennis serve. Fine wire and surface EMG was used to calculate onset and offset timing of muscle activation.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Subjects:16 tennis players (age 18–40) with rated skills (National Tennis Rating Program (NTRP) rating 4.5–6.5; club tournament level or higher) were subjects.Main outcomes measure:Dependent variables of muscle activation onset and offset as well as sequencing of the stabilising muscles of the scapula (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior; the muscles that position the arm) anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid; and the muscles of the rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor) during the tennis serve motion.Results:Patterns of muscle activation were observed during the tennis serve motion. The serratus anterior (−287 ms before ball impact) and upper trapezius (−234 ms) were active in the early cocking phase, while the lower trapezius (−120 ms) was activated in the late cocking phase just before the acceleration phase. The anterior deltoid (−250 ms) was activated in early cocking, while the posterior deltoid (−157 ms) was activated later. The teres minor (−214 ms) was activated early in the cocking phase. The supraspinatus (−103 ms) was activated in late cocking. The infraspinatus (+47 ms after ball impact) was activated in follow-through. All muscles except infraspinatus were activated in duration of more than 50% of the service motion.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that there are patterns of activation of muscles around the scapulohumeral articulation in the normal accomplished tennis serve. Rehabilitation and conditioning programs for tennis players should be structured to restore and optimise the activation sequences (scapular stabilisers before rotator cuff), task specific functions (serratus anterior as a retractor of the scapula, lower trapezius as a scapular stabiliser in the elevated rotating arm) and duration of activation of these muscles.
Bioinformatic identification of novel putative photoreceptor specific cis-elements
Authors: Danko Charles G , McIlvain Vera A , Qin Maochun , Knox Barry E , Pertsov Arkady M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Cell specific gene expression is largely regulated by different combinations of transcription factors that bind cis-elements in the upstream promoter sequence. However, experimental detection of cis-elements is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. This provides a motivation for developing bioinformatic methods to identify cis-elements that could prioritize future experimental studies. Here, we use motif discovery algorithms to predict transcription factor binding sites involved in regulating the differences between murine rod and cone photoreceptor populations.

Results
To identify highly conserved motifs enriched in promoters that drive expression in either rod or cone photoreceptors, we assembled a set of murine rod-specific, cone-specific, and non-photoreceptor background promoter sequences. These sets were used as input to a newly devised motif discovery algorithm called Iterative Alignment/Modular Motif Selection (IAMMS). Using IAMMS, we predicted 34 motifs that may contribute to rod-specific (19 motifs) or cone-specific (15 motifs) expression patterns. Of these, 16 rod- and 12 cone-specific motifs were found in clusters near the transcription start site. New findings include the observation that cone promoters tend to contain TATA boxes, while rod promoters tend to be TATA-less (exempting Rho and Cnga1). Additionally, we identify putative sites for IL-6 effectors (in rods) and RXR family members (in cones) that can explain experimental data showing changes to cell-fate by activating these signaling pathways during rod/cone development. Two of the predicted motifs (NRE and ROP2) have been confirmed experimentally to be involved in cell-specific expression patterns. We provide a full database of predictions as additional data that may contain further valuable information. IAMMS predictions are compared with existing motif discovery algorithms, DME and BioProspector. We find that over 60% of IAMMS predictions are confirmed by at least one other motif discovery algorithm.

Conclusion
We predict novel, putative cis- elements enriched in the promoter of rod-specific or cone-specific genes. These are candidate binding sites for transcription factors involved in maintaining functional differences between rod and cone photoreceptor populations.
Growing functional modules from a seed protein via integration of protein interaction and gene expression data
Authors: Maraziotis Ioannis A , Dimitrakopoulou Konstantina , Bezerianos Anastasios 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Nowadays modern biology aims at unravelling the strands of complex biological structures such as the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. A key concept in the organization of PPI networks is the existence of dense subnetworks (functional modules) in them. In recent approaches clustering algorithms were applied at these networks and the resulting subnetworks were evaluated by estimating the coverage of well-established protein complexes they contained. However, most of these algorithms elaborate on an unweighted graph structure which in turn fails to elevate those interactions that would contribute to the construction of biologically more valid and coherent functional modules.

Results
In the current study, we present a method that corroborates the integration of protein interaction and microarray data via the discovery of biologically valid functional modules. Initially the gene expression information is overlaid as weights onto the PPI network and the enriched PPI graph allows us to exploit its topological aspects, while simultaneously highlights enhanced functional association in specific pairs of proteins. Then we present an algorithm that unveils the functional modules of the weighted graph by expanding a kernel protein set, which originates from a given 'seed' protein used as starting-point.

Conclusion
The integrated data and the concept of our approach provide reliable functional modules. We give proofs based on yeast data that our method manages to give accurate results in terms both of structural coherency, as well as functional consistency.