bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUNSCREEN EFFECTIVENESS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS*
Authors: Watson Alan 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis paper examines the theoretical and practical considerations which may limit sunscreen effectiveness and lead to false expectations on the part of sunscreen users. Present evidence for a preventative effect against carcinogenesis and long term damage is inadequate and needs more attention. Determination of more meaningful protection factors requires better replication of field conditions and better definition of the best parameter, in the acute stage, which would correlate with long term damage. Careful patient instruction with regard to time, site and frequency of application is required. The importance of protection from suberythemal damage, reason for application and maximizing physical protection and avoidance, should be stressed.
THE EFFECT ON ADRENAL AX.IS FUNCTION OF TOPICALLY APPLIED BETAMETHASONE VALERATE OINTMENT 0.1%
Authors: Fischer Gayle O. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIt is widely recognized that topical corticosteroids may be absorbed systemically, resulting in suppression of plasma cortisol levels. However, their effect on the true competence of the adrenal axis has not been fully established.Eight adult inpatients with dermatoses of variable type and severity were treated with betamethasone valerate 0.1% ointment without occlusion. In all cases there was some degree of suppression of serum cortisol levels. In five patients adrenal axis stress tests were performed. The Synacthen test was normal in all patients and only one had a clearly abnormal response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, which had returned to normal one month after cessation of treatment.This suggests that despite suppression of serum cortisol levels, adrenal axis competence was either maintained or, if diminished, returned promptly to normal after treatment ceased.
A DOUBLE BLIND TRIAL OF KETOCONAZOLE VERSUS GRISEOFULVIN TREATMENT FOR DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS
Authors: Wishart J. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty‐seven patients with various dermatophyte infections took part in a double blind study. Thirteen patients were given ketoconazole 200 mg daily and 14 griseofulvin 500 mg daily for up to 60 days. Following ketoconazole therapy, 12 of 13 patients were healed, with minimal lesions in one. In the griseofulvin‐treated group ten of 14 were healed, three having minimal residual lesions and one was a treatment failure. There was a tendency for T. rubrum infections to respond more completely to ketoconazole treatment. At six‐month follow up there was one griseofulvin‐treated failure and one relapse while there were three ketoconazole relapses.It is concluded that both ketoconazole and griseofulvin are effective in treating dermatophyte infections and ketoconazole is a safe alternative to griseofulvin if intolerance or allergy to griseofulvin exists.
PARANEOPLASTIC ACROKERARTOSIS
Authors: Rosner Steven A. , Nurse David S. , Dowling John P. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe history is presented of a patient who developed an acral keratotic rash diagnosed as paraneoplastic acrokeratosis, associated with cervical metastases from a carcinoma of the tongue. The skin changes settled with surgical removal of the tumour and metastases. During treatment localized bullous pemphigoid also developed.The relationship of these problems is discussed.
ALLOPURINOL HYPERSENSITIVITY: A POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING REACTION
Authors: Vinciullo Carl 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAllopurinol is a frequently used drug for the treatment of gout and hyperuricaemia. It has been estimated that as many as 60% of patients receive the drug for asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Often little thought is given to the patient's renal function, the correct dosage of allopurinol or to the concomitant use of other drugs, e.g. thiazides. Approximately 10% of patients develop a mild reaction of a cutaneous or gastrointestinal nature. Severe life‐threatening hypersensitivity reactions can and do occur, as will be described in an illustrative case report. Details of the different reactions of a cutaneous or other type are given and treatment and recommendations for allopurinol use are discussed.
NON‐MELANOTIC SKIN CANCER AND SOLAR KERATOSES IN VICTORIA—CLINICAL STUDIES II
Authors: Goodman G. J. , Marks R. , Selwood T. S. , Ponsford M. W. , Pakes W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe light exposed areas of the head and neck, forearms and dorsa of hands of two thousand adults aged forty years and older were at the Alfred Hospital between 1982 and 1983. There were 1,029 males and 971 females. Fifty‐nine people (3%) had at least one non‐melanotic skin cancer and 754 (37.7%) had at least one solar keratosis. The results of this study confirm the impression that sunlight exposure is a major determining factor in development of these tumours.
OIL CONTACT KERATOSIS PILARIS *
Authors: Georgouras Katherine 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA case is reported of a 55‐year‐old man of Greek origin who was employed by a bolt manufacturer. During the course of his work the patient was constantly in contact with cutting oil. He developed keratosis pilaris on the oil‐soaked areas. This is the first report of keratosis pilaris occurring as a reaction to contact with cutting oil in which the deliberate application of the oil reproduced the reaction clinically and histologically.
HAIR BUNDLES: A PRESENTATION OF FOLLICULITIS *
Authors: Oakley Amanda , Scollay David 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYCase reports of three patients with folliculitis of the posterior scalp are presented. In each an abnormality of hair growth was observed in the affected area in which bundles of hairs emerged from each follicle. The individual hair shafts came from independent papillae but converged into a single infundibulum in the upper dermis, and there was an associated granulomatous inflammation. This type of compound follicle with staphylococcal infection has rarely been reported in man before. Some of the mechanisms by which compound follicles can be formed are discussed.
THE TREATMENT OF HIRSUTISM: EXPERIENCE WITH CYPROTERONE ACETATE AND SPIRONOLACTONE
Authors: Thomas A. K. , Slobodniuk R. , Taft J. , Cooper M. , Montalto J. , Jerums G. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYTwenty‐three patients were treated with either cyproterone acetate (n = 14) or spirono‐ lactone (n = 12) for a period of not less than twelve months. Plasma and urinary androgen levels fall significantly with cyproterone acetate but showed little change with spironolactone. Sebum production fell in both groups as did hair diameters. The frequency of cosmetic measures used by the patients was reduced during both forms of therapy. No serious side effects were observed. However, these drugs should not be used in patients without adequate contraception because of the risk to the foetus. Further evaluation of the relative merits of the two drugs is required.
NORWEGIAN SCABIES IN A GIRL WITH PSORIASIS
Authors: Keipert James A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA four‐year old girl had Norwegian scabies, many of the manifestations of which were initially ascribed to psoriasis which was present then and is still present five years later No predisposing factor was present. From a study of reported cases, Norwegian scabies appears to be very uncommon in children and especially in girls, only one previous report in a girl being found in the literature of the past 35 years.
CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SYSTEMIC DISEASE
Authors: Callen Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLeukocytoclastic vasculitis is a syndrome of multiple clinical expressions, with multiple aetiologic associations, which is probably linked by the common pathogenetic mechanism of immune complex disease. There is no specific therapy regardless of the clinical syndrome noted, and prognosis depends on the severity and type of organ involvement.
THE PREVALENCE OF SKIN DISEASE IN THE GERIATRIC AGE GROUP
Authors: Adam John E. , Reilly Susan 
Published: June 2007

SummaryData is presented from two studies on the prevalence of skin disease amongst geriatric patients in Ottawa, Canada. In the presenting complaint study, there were 326 new geriatric patients examined (12.7% of all new patients). The four commonest presenting complaints were actinic keratoses (24.9%), eczema (16.3%), benign tumours (13.8%) and malignant tumours (12.6%). In the random selection study, 166 geriatric patients selected from nursing homes and hospitals were examined and their dermatologic signs recorded. Some of the cutaneous features that were observed are reported.
INCIDENCE OF MELANOMA IN SURGICALLY REMOVED PIGMENTED LESIONS
Authors: Fernando Sujatha S. E. 
Published: June 2007

Summary1277 surgically removed pigmented lesions sent to South Western Area Pathology Services (SWAPS) serving a demographicaly well defined area of about 240,000 inhabitants during a 4½ year period were reviewed. Of these 72 were malignant melanoma and 14 were interpreted as dysplastic naevi. The sex, age and site distribution are presented.
HERPES GESTATIONIS WITH MULTIPLE RECURRENCES
Authors: Tosca Androniki D. , Babanioti Niki C. , Panagiotopoulos A. C. , Hatzis J. D. , Varelzidis A. G. , Stratigos J. D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA case of herpes gestationis with multiple attacks is reported. These attacks occurred over five years during and after three successful pregnancies, during and after three pregnancies which resulted in miscarriages, and during menstruation. The three living children did not have any skin problems. The diagnosis was substantiated, histologically and immunohistochemically. The patient was HLA DR3 positive. She was Rhesus−ve (Rh−ve) and the two first children were Rh+ve while the third one was Rh−ve. The investigative data are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenetic factors for the diseases.
PLASMA FERRITIN LEVELS AS A GUIDE TO THE TREATMENT OF PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA BY VENESECTION
Authors: Ratnaike Sujjiva , Blake Dennis , Campbell David , Cowen Peter , Varigos George 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYWe have examined prospectively the plasma ferritin levels during management often patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) who were being treated by venesection. We compared plasma ferritin levels with clinical features as well as with plasma, urine and faecal porphyrin levels.Plasma ferritin and porphyrin levels were found to be variable during the initial period of treatment, and then decreased in parallel with the clinical improvement. Clinical remission and a fall in porphyrin levels lagged several weeks behind the near exhaustion of body iron stores as indicated by plasma ferritin levels. This lag period and the initial variable porphyrin levels are best explained, we believe, by the presence of a large accumulation of porphryin in the liver of patients with PCT. We suggest that venesection be stopped when plasma ferritin falls to the lower end of the reference range.
NATURAL KILLER CELL AND CYTOTOXIC/SUPPRESSOR T CELL DEFICIENCY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN SUBJECTS WITH ALOPECIA AREATA
Authors: Lutz Gerhard , Niedecken Heinz , Bauer Ralf , Kreysel Hans W. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe previously observed reduction in peripheral cytotoxic/suppressor T cell populations in subjects with alopecia areata (AA) was confirmed (p<0.001). Moreover, a hitherto undescribed decrease in circulating natural killer cells was noted (p<0.01).These data show that disorders of cellular immunity are present in patients affected with AA and complement the results of other investigations.
THE BOWEL‐ASSOCIATED DERMATOSIS‐ARTHRITIS SYNDROME
Authors: Delaney Thomas A. , Clay Christopher D. , Randell Peter L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA 46 year old man with Crohn's disease developed a widespread pustular eruption associated with intermittent fever and arthritis. Histological examination demonstrated cutaneous vasculitis with leukocytoclasia, and IgM and C3 on direct immunofluorescence. This is characteristic of the bowel‐associated dermatosis‐arthritis syndrome, also known as the bowel bypass syndrome without bypass, a recently described complication of inflammatory bowel disease. This is the ninth case reported to date.
MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES WITH FATAL BRAIN INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Ramesh V. , Saxena Uma , Misra R.S. , Mukherjee A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe clinical course, therapy and investigations in a man with lichenoid mycosis fungoides which resulted in fatal spread to the brain is described. Immunological studies revealed a significant reduction in T cell numbers. Brain lesions were confirmed by CT Scan and drill biopsy. The literature on the subject is discussed.
EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn , Cowen Peter , Varigos George 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis was followed over a ten year period. This rare genetic disorder, characterised by papillomavirus‐associated skin lesions and squamous cell carcinomas, is difficult to manager and invariably shortens the lifespan due to metastases from skin carcinomas. In our case, we confirmed the diagnosis using nucleic acid hybridisation, at high stringency, to cloned papillomavirus DNA. Relentless progression of disease occurred despite varied and increasingly vigorous treatment modalities.
A TEN YEAR SURVEY ON TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS: PREVALENCE AND STRAIN TYPES IN THE GENERAL COMMUNITY AND IN ABORIGINES
Authors: Crozier WilliamJ. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDuring a 10‐year period (1976–1986), a set of 154 isolates of T. tonsurans were examined. These were derived from patients in the Illawarra, South Coast and North Coast areas of NSW. The American experience of rapid increase in T. tonsurans infections was not repeated in this survey. There appeared to be good evidence of particular strains of T. tonsurans causing infections almost exclusively in aboriginal patients (96.6%), while other strains substantially caused infections in non‐aboriginal patients (78.4%).
THE SUN PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CLOTHING, INCLUDING BEACHWEAR
Authors: Jevtic Andrew P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryClothing represents a significant though underutilised form of sun protection but the literature reveals few studies dealing with this subject. This study used a solar simulator to assess in vivo sun protection factors (SPF) for two clothing items of beachwear ‐ a synthetic surf shirt and a combination cotton/polyester T‐shirt. The tests showed that the T‐shirt had a relative SPF of 15, and the surf shirt an SPF of 36. This however decreased by a factor of 1/3 in both cases when the material was wet. Overall, this compares favourably with conventional sunscreens and also has the advantage of a wide spectrum of cover.
AUSTRALIAN TRIAL OF TOPICAL MINOXIDIL AND PLACEBO IN EARLY MALE PATTERN BALDNESS
Authors: Connors T.J. , Cooke D.E. , Launey W.E. De , Downie M. , Knudsen R.G. , Shumack S. , Eggleston A.S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOne hundred and sixty nine men with early male pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia) were treated in a random, double‐blind fashion with either 2% minoxidil solution or placebo vehicle for 24 weeks, one ml applied twice daily. After 24 weeks all patients received the active solution until week 48. After 24 weeks the minoxidil treated patients had increased their non‐vellus hair counts significantly more than the placebo treated group; means were 37.6 and 8.8 hairs per reference area, 95% C.I. for difference = 10.85 to 60.75. The rate of non‐vellus hair regrowth was also greater among minoxidil treated patients than placebo treated patients. Nine (12.5%) evaluable minoxidil treated patients compared with 2 (2.7%) evaluable placebo treated patients reported moderate or dense hair regrowth at week 24. Minimal regrowth was reported by 18 (25%) active group and 15 (20%) placebo group patients. The investigators considered that 3 (2%) of the minoxidil group and none of the placebo group had moderate hair regrowth and that none had dense regrowth. After 48 weeks treatment 28 (23%) patients considered that they had moderate hair regrowth and the investigators considered that 14 (12%) patients had moderate regrowth. None had dense growth. No serious adverse reactions or deaths were reported. Minoxidil solution appeared to be an efficaceous and safe treatment for early androgenic alopecia.
TOXIC PUSTULODERMA
Authors: Gebauer K. , Holgate C. , Navaratnam A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA striking cutaneous eruption developed in a fifty‐eight year old woman with bipolar affective disorder three weeks after starting carbamazepine therapy. She had an infectious mononucleosis‐like systemic illness associated with myriads of cutaneous micropustules, erythroderma and a high eosinophil count. A similar eruption due to carbamazepine has been reported only twice before, but isolated cases ascribed to other medications exist. We believe that this reaction is a specific class of drug eruption best named Toxic Pustuloderma.
CONTACT DERMATITIS DUE TO ALSTROEMERIA (PERUVIAN LILY)
Authors: Apted Johnh. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwo cases of hand dermatitis due to contact with the plant Alstroemeria (Peruvian Lily) are recorded. This plant has been increasingly used for making floral decorations during the last decade. As it is available throughout the year in Victoria more cases are likely to be discovered in the community.
OCCUPATIONAL CONTACT DERMATITIS IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Rosen Robert H. , Freeman Susanne 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFive hundred and seventy patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were seen between 1984 and 1990 at the Skin and Cancer Foundation in Sydney. Data derived from these patients demonstrated that hairdressing, food, construction and the medical industries were the most at risk of OCD. The hairdressing and food industries had a high percentage of apprentices suffering OCD whilst the 35 to 44 year age bracket was most at risk in the construction industry. Allergic contact dermatitis was responsible for 38.2% of cases. The main allergens were chromate, thiuram, epoxy resin, nickel and cobalt. A third (33.9%) of patients were atopic. The average time lost from work was 16 days each year and the calculated yearly cost of OCD in New South Wales was approximately $12 million.
HORMONALLY EXACERBATED HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA
Authors: Yip Jennifer , Cunliffe William J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHereditary angioedema is a rare disorder which is associated with an inherited deficiency of the inhibitor of the activated first component of complement. Genetic transmission occurs in an autosomal dominant manner. Affected patients are heterozygotes, and their deficiency is incomplete, many of them having up to 20% of the normal amount of the inhibitor.1We describe two cases of C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency occurring in a mother and daughter in whom the symptoms appeared to be related to the menstrual cycle or the taking of the oral contraceptive pill. Although both features have been mentioned in the literature, to the best of our knowledge premenstrual exacerbations have not been documented previously. We examined the likely basis of hormonally exacerbated hereditary angioedema.
MODERN TREATMENT OF LYMPHOEDEMA I. COMPLEX PHYSICAL THERAPY: THE FIRST 200 AUSTRALIAN LIMBS
Authors: Casley‐Smith Judith R. , Casley‐Smith John R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryComplex Physical Therapy (CPT) is discussed and its principles outlined. CPT involves: 1. skin care, 2. a special lymphatic massage, 3. compression bandaging and (later) garments, 4. special exercises which supplement the massage.CPT was used on 78 patients with postmastectomy lymphoedema (17 with Grade 1 and 61 with Grade 2). There were significant differences between the Grades. In the first four‐week course the mean Grade 1 was reduced from 121% of normal to 107% (the mean change in the oedema was 103% of its initial value), and Grade 2 from 153% to 123% (with a mean change in oedema of 60%). All these were very highly significant. Over the next year there was a small, but very significant, decrease in the percentage of oedema. A further four‐week course resulted in significant, and similar, reductions in the residual oedema.CPT was used to treat 128 lymphoedematous legs; 22 were Grade 1 lymphoedema, 84 were Grade 2 and 19 were elephantitic (Grade 3). After the first course of CPT the mean losses were: 1.1, 1.3 and 3.7 litres, respectively (all very significant). Over the next 11 months there were significant further reductions for all legs and in the amount of oedema of the unilateral legs. Some patients had a second course of CPT with similar reductions in the remaining oedema to that after the first course.
TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH INTRALESIONAL INTERFERON ALPHA: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Mcdonald Robert R.A. , Georgouras Katherine 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe report the case of a 76 year old man with three ulcerated basal cell carcinomas on his lower limbs. He was considered unsuitable for surgical therapy and was treated by intralesional interferon alpha‐2b (Intron A) injections. Twenty months post therapy two of the three treatment sites remain clinically cured. Recurrence occurred at the site which received the smallest total dose of interferon. A review of the therapeutic trials of interferon alpha for basal cell carcinoma is presented. We conclude that interferon alpha‐2b is a useful agent for treatment of basal cell carcinoma in selected patients.
SCYTALIDIUM HYALINUM ISOLATED FROM THE TOE NAIL OF AN AUSTRALIAN PATIENT
Authors: Maslen Mary M. , Hogg Geoffrey G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe isolation of Scytalidium hyalinum from the toe nail of a patient from Melbourne is reported. This is the first record of the isolation of this fungus from a clinical site in Australia. A brief history is given of the occurrence of Scytalidium hyalinum and the related fungus, Hendersonula toruloidea, in tinea pedis and tinea unguium in immigrants to the United Kingdom from tropical countries. Attention is drawn to the possible presence of these dermatophyte‐like infections in patients in Australia.
OCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF PUVA THERAPY
Authors: See Jo‐Ann , Weller Paul 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPUVA, the combination of psoralen and long wave ultraviolet radiation is widely used in the management of psoriasis, vitiligo and several other dermatological disorders. The potential for long term treatment to cause ocular damage remains to be determined and despite the large numbers of patients who have received PUVA treatment, development of cataract is exceedingly rare. This paper discusses cataract formation, reviews the literature concerning the ocular complications of PUVA therapy and proposes guidelines for ocular protection during photochemotherapy.
LICHEN PLANUS MIMICKING AND COEXISTING WITH PSORIASIS IN A BLACK PATIENT
Authors: Delaney Thomas A. , Smith Neil P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe report a case of lichen planus coexisting with psoriasis in a black patient. As the lesions of lichen planus appeared similar in appearance to the psoriatic plaques its diagnosis was missed by several dermatologists. This may be due to the dark skin of this patient making the characteristic clinical differences between the two conditions less obvious. The coexistance of these two relatively common conditions is probably under reported in the literature. However, differentiation is important as treatment and prognosis of the two disorders differ.