bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reclaiming humanity for asylum-seekers
Authors: Briskman Linda , Cemlyn Sarah 
Published: November 2005

This article explores the role of social work with asylum-seekers in the UK and Australia. It raises the questions of the contradictions for the profession in the light of increasingly repressive policies in both countries. Comparing the policies in the two countries, questions are asked about current social work engagement and the potential for an enhanced role. French Cette recherche examine le rô le du service social auprè s des demandeurs d'asile au Royaume-Uni et en Australie. Elle met en relief les contradictions auxquelles la profession est confronté e en raison de l'intensification des politiques ré pressive dans les deux pays. Aprè s avoir comparé les politiques dans les deux pays, l'auteur pose des questions sur le niveau d'engagement actuel du service social et les possibilité s d'un roô le accru. Spanish Se explora el papel que ejerce el trabajo social en la cuestión de bùsqueda de asilo en Gran Bretaña y Australia. Se examinan las contradicciones con las que se enfrenta la profesión, a la luz de medidas, cada vez má s represivas, existences en ambos paises. Comparando las políticas de los dos paises, se cuestiona el papel presente del trabajo social y la posibilidad que tenga de jugar un papel cada vez má s importante.
Medical social work in Malaysia
Authors: Crabtree Sara Ashencaen 
Published: November 2005

Hospital social work in Malaysia holds an important position compared with other areas of social work. Alliances with medicine are pro.table in raising the pro.le of the profession. But the lack of community services, medical hierarchy and staff shortages militate against further regional development of the social work role. French En malaisie, le travail social hospitalier occupe une place importante comparativement à d'autres domaines du travail social. Les alliances qui s'é tablissent avec le secteur mé dical permettent de rehausser le profil de la profession, toutefois le manque de services communautaires, la hié rarchie au sein du systè me mé dical et le manque de personnel sont autant de facteurs qui restreignent le dé veloppement du rô le du travail social en ré gion. Spanish El trabajo social hospitalario en Malasia tiene una posición importante, comparado con otras á reas de trabajo social. Las alianzas con la medicina resultan provechosas para aumentar la notoriedad de la profesión, sin embargo la falta de servicios comunitarios, la jerarquí a mé dica, y la escasez de personal militan en contra de un mayor desarrollo regional del papel del trabajo social.
Promoting proactive services and an intersectoral approach on behalf of children
Authors: Matthias Carmel R. 
Published: November 2005

In the South African Draft Children's Bill of December 2002 an attempt was made to produce a shift towards proactive services for children. The bill contains an innovative design for a national policy framework as a mechanism for intersectoral co-operation between different sectors of government and non-governmental organizations. French Dans l'avant-projet de loi sud-africain pour les enfants (Draft Children Bill ) ré digé en dé cembre 2002, on a tenté d'esquisser un virage pour mettre en place des services proactifs à l'intention des enfants. Le projet de loi met de l'avant un concept innovateur: un cadre politique qui servirait de mé canisme pour assurer la coopé ration intersectorielle entre les diffé rents paliers de gouvernement et les organisations non gouvernementales. Spanish En el Borrador de la Ley de la Infancia en Suda´ frica, de diciembre del 2002, se intentódar un giro hacia servicios proactivos a favor de los ninños. A ley contiene un disenño innovador hacia un marco de política nacional que sirva de mecanismo para cooperación entre distintos sectores gubernamentales y organizaciones no gubernamentales.
Violence in the social work workplace
Authors: Macdonald Grant , Sirotich Frank 
Published: November 2005

The purpose of this study was to obtain Canadian data on the experiences and attitudes of social workers working with violent or potentially violent clients. The article explores social workers' personal experience of clients' violence and their assessment of clients' violence as a safety concern in their workplace. French Cette é tude vise à commencer à obtenir des donné es canadiennes sur les expé riences et les attitudes des travailleurs sociaux qui oeuvrent auprè s d'une clientè le violente ou potentiellement violente. L'article explore l'expé rience personnelle de travailleurs sociaux avec la violence de leurs clients ainsi que leur é valuation du potentiel de danger face à des clients violents dans leur lieu de travail. Spanish Este estudio inicia la obtención de datos acerca de las experiencias y actitudes de los trabajadores sociales que en Canadá trabajan con clientes real o potencialmente violentos. El artículo explora la experiencia personal del trabajador social y su valoración de en qué medida la violencia del cliente afecta su sentido de seguridad en el trabajo.
Changes and challenges
Authors: Heron Barbara 
Published: November 2005

English This article highlights current challenges in preparing social work students for international practicums in sub-Saharan Africa. Changes in the region since 1990 and corresponding modi.cations in orientations provided by Canadian NGOs sending volunteers are summarized. Implications of replicating the latter's focus on risk management are considered for schools of social work. French Cette é tude met en relief les dé fis qui se posent aujourd'hui dans la pré paration des stages internationaux en Afrique sahé lienne pour les é tudiants en service social. Elle ré sume les changements survenus dans cette ré gion depuis 1990 et la façon dont les coopé rants volontaires canadiens ont adapté leur orientation en consé quence auprè s des ONG. Elle é value quelles seraient les consé quences de reproduire dans les é coles de service social cette orientation axé e sur la gestion du risque. Spanish Se examinan los retos de hoy en la preparación de estudiantes de trabajo social para la prá ctica internacional de campo en el Africa subsahariana. Se resumen los cambios ocurridos en la región desde 1990 y las modificaciones de orientación provocadas por las ONGs canadienses que envian voluntarios. Se considera el é nfasis en'control (management) de riesgóde estos ùltimos y las implicaciones para las escuelas de trabajo social.
Cross-cultural differences towards diversity issues in attitudes of graduating social work students in India and the United States
Authors: Kohli Hermeet K. , Faul Anna C. 
Published: November 2005

English Attitudes of graduating social work students towards diversity issues, as well as their practice perceptions in different social work scenarios, from two contrasting cultures (India and the United States), were quanti.ed. Signi.-cant differences in both groups showed that the social climate of a country has an important impact on shaping the attitudes of students. French Cette é tude quantitative mené e aupre` s d'é tudiants diploômé s en travail social de deux cultures contrasté es (l'Inde et les Etats-Unis) porte sur leurs attitudes à l'é gard des questions de diversité et sur leurs perceptions quant à leur pratique dans diffé rents scé narios de travail social. Les diffé rences significatives entre les deux groupes expliquent que le climat social du pays a un impact important sur le dé veloppement des attitudes des é tudiants. Spanish Se cuantificaron las actitudes de los estudiantes graduados de trabajo social hacia los temas de la diversidad, asícomo la percepción de su prá ctica en diferentes escenarios del trabajo social entre dos culturas (India y los Estados Unidos). Las diferencias significativas encontradas en ambos grupos permiten explicar que el clima social del país tiene un impacto importante en la formación de las actitudes de los estudiantes.
A Two-stage Catalytic Process with Cu–Pd Cluster/Active Carbon and Pd/β-Zeolite for Removal of Nitrate in Water
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshinori , Nakamura Kyosuke , Kushibiki Rie , Kamiya Yuichi , Okuhara Toshio 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
To purify water contaminated with nitrate, a two-stage process was employed, involving nitrate hydrogenation to nitrite in the first stage (pH = 10.5) using 0.87 wt% Cu–Pd (2:1) cluster/AC, and nitrite hydrogenation in the second stage (pH = 6.5) with 1.0 wt% Pd/β-zeolite. The nitrate (100 ppm) was hydrogenated rapidly, suppressing ammonia levels to within concentrations acceptable for drinking water.
The Differential Effects of Student-Faculty Interaction on College Outcomes for Women and Men
Authors: Sax Linda J. , Bryant Alyssa N , Harper Casandra E 
Published: November 2005

This study examined whether the impact of student-faculty interaction on a range of student outcomes—including academic achievement, goals, self-confidence, well-being, and attitudes—differed for women and men. The data were drawn from a national longitudinal sample of college students (N = 17,637) who were surveyed upon entry to college in 1994 and four years later in 1998. Results indicate that although many commonalities exist in how student-faculty interaction relates to college outcomes for women and men, differential effects based on gender were observed across a number of domains.
Food, Race and Working-Class Identity:Restaurantes Popularesand Populism in 1930s Peru
Authors: Drinot Paulo 
Published: November 2005

… And tell me, which President looked to the future? It was, believe it or not, [Sánchez] Cerro. I fully recognize that he was able to look to the future and … he grabbed the rich [by the neck] and took part of their wealth, you there [he said], you’re going to give me potatoes, you’re going to give me yucca, you’re going to give me sweet potatoes, he told them, to feed the poor neighborhoods, you bring me rice, meat, you tell me you have five hundred cows, well then, kill only five cows, otherwise, slash-slash, I’m going to snuff you too, and then, no!, you have to do what Nine-Fingers [Sánchez Cerro—who lost one of his fingers during a military uprising] says. He was a strange president. What did he do? He’d bring out the military officers, the soldiers, [and he would say] you here, you’re going to cook, and he’d go off with the trucks to the poor neighborhoods with the food, all ready to eat, the people should not be dying of hunger he would say, buthe saw that that too was indecent, so he built the comedores populares[sic]. Who inaugurated them? One-eyed Oscar R. Benavides, but who started them? [Sánchez] Cerro [my emphasis].This article examines the creation, in the 1930s, of restaurants, known asrestaurantes populares,which were funded and run by the Peruvian state in order to “solve the urgent problem of [the provision of] easy, comfortable and healthy nutrition to the popular classes.”
Religion, Gender Ideology, and the Training of Female Public Elementary School Teachers in Nineteenth Century Chile
Authors: Yeager Gertrude 
Published: November 2005

After only five days she felt like a different person, so much unpicked and resown and made over to a different pattern…. Catholicism isn’t a religion, it’s a nationality. In her four years at [school], it [religion] had grown into every fiber of her nature; she could not eat or sleep or read or play without relating every action to her secret life as a Christian and a Catholic. She rejoiced in it and rebelled against it. She tried to imagine what life would be like without it; how she would feel if she were a savage blessedly ignorant of the very existence of god. But it was as impossible as imagining death or madness or blindness. Wherever she looked, it loomed in the background … the fortress of God, the house on the rock.Education became a responsibility of the state in Chile soon after independence. Scholarship has usually linked the expansion of public primary education to the broader liberal agenda of the secularization of society through the introduction of modern thinking, while the common curriculum became a tool of national integration.
Northern Snakeheads in the Tidal Potomac River System
Authors: Odenkirk John , Owens Steve 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA population of northern snakeheads Channa argus was documented within a 23‐km reach of the main‐stem tidal freshwater Potomac River and associated tributaries in 2004. Twenty northern snakeheads were collected with a variety of gears, including hook and line and electrofishing. The dominant habitats were shallow waters with floating or emergent vegetation. Natural reproduction had probably occurred, based on identification of five year‐classes and the collection of an age‐0 fish. The length frequency and age distributions suggested an established population. Many of the fish collected were gravid females. Adult total length (TL) and weight (W) ranges were 305–634 mm (mean = 423 mm; SD = 76 mm) and 348–2,635 g (mean = 831 g; SD = 532 g). The length–weight relationship was logeW = −4.85 + 2.93·logeTL (r2 = 0.99; n = 20). The collection pattern suggested that the northern snakeheads in the Potomac River originated from Dogue Creek, as 50% of those collected came from this watershed.
Acellular Dermal Matrix for Mucogingival Surgery: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gapski Ricardo , Parks Christopher Allen , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2005

Background: Many clinical studies revealed the effectiveness of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in the treatment of mucogingival defects. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare the efficacy of ADM‐based root coverage (RC) and ADM‐based increase in keratinized tissues to other commonly used mucogingival surgeries.Methods: Meta‐analysis was limited to randomized clinical trials (RCT). Articles from January 1, 1990 to October 2004 related to ADM were searched utilizing the MEDLINE database from the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Trials Registry, and through hand searches of reviews and recent journals. Relevant studies were identified, ranked independently, and mean data from each were weighted accordingly. Selected outcomes were analyzed using a meta‐analysis software program. The significant estimates of the treatment effects from different trials were assessed by means of Cochrane's test of heterogeneity.Results: 1) Few RCT studies were found to compile the data. In summary, selection identified eight RCT that met the inclusion criteria. There were four studies comparing ADM versus a connective tissue graft for root coverage procedures, two studies comparing ADM versus coronally advanced flap (CAF) for root coverage procedures, and two studies comparing ADM to free gingival graft in augmentation of keratinized tissue. 2) There were no statistically significant differences between groups for any of the outcomes measured (recession coverage, keratinized tissue formation, probing depths, and clinical attachment levels). 3) The majority of the analyses demonstrated moderate to high levels of heterogeneity. 4) Considering the heterogeneity values found among the studies, certain trends could be found: a) three out of four studies favored the ADM‐RC group for recession coverage; b) a connective tissue graft tended to increase keratinized tissue compared to ADM (0.52‐mm difference; P = 0.11); c) there were trends of increased clinical attachment gains comparing ADM to CAF procedures (0.56‐mm difference; P = 0.16).Conclusions: Differences in study design and lack of data precluded an adequate and complete pooling of data for a more comprehensive analysis. Therefore, considering the trends presented in this study, there is a need for further randomized clinical studies of ADM procedures in comparison to common mucogingival surgical procedures to confirm our findings. It is difficult to draw anything other than tentative conclusions from this meta‐analysis of ADM for mucogingival surgery, primarily because of the weakness in the design and reporting of existing trials.
Treatment of Gingival Recession: Comparison of Two Techniques of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Tözüm Tolga F. , Keçeli H. Gencay , Güncü Güliz N. , Hatipoğlu Hasan , Şengün Dilek 
Published: November 2005

Background: The increasing interest in esthetics and the subsequent need to solve related problems such as hypersensitivity and root caries have favored the development of many surgical procedures that permit the coverage of exposed roots. This clinical study was conducted to examine the coverage of gingival recession defects, where two different subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) techniques (Langer and Langer and modified tunnel) were used.Methods: Thirty one patients (21 females and 10 males), each contributing Miller Class I and II gingival recessions, were selected. Recession defects were randomly treated by using the Langer and Langer technique (17 patients) or the modified tunnel technique (14 patients). Vertical recession, probing depth (PD), and attachment level were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively.Results: Six months after the surgery, a significant reduction in recession depth was noticed in both groups. There was also a decrease of PD and attachment level for both groups, but not statistically significant. In comparison, at 6 months, statically significant differences were found between the tunnel and Langer and Langer techniques for root coverage and attachment gain. The percentage of root coverage was 96.4% and 75.5% in the tunnel and Langer and Langer groups, respectively.Conclusions: The present study suggests that the use of SCTG in combination with a tunnel procedure may result in an increased amount of root coverage and clinical attachment gain compared to the Langer and Langer technique. Further comparative studies are necessary to understand the periodontal healing generated by the tunnel procedure and Langer and Langer technique.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha in Patients With Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Kurtiş Bülent , Tüter Gülay , Serdar Muhittin , Akdemir Pelin , Uygur Cem , Firatli Erhan , Bal Belgin 
Published: November 2005

Background: Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is a well‐known chemotactic cytokine that regulates mononuclear inflammatory cell recruitment. This recruitment has particular importance in the oral cavity because inflammatory cells will be challenged with periodontopathogenic bacteria during infections. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a cytokine that induces bone resorption by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts’ progenitors and also stimulates MCP‐1 expression. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of MCP‐1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and to examine the possible correlations between the GCF levels of MCP‐1 and TNF‐α.Methods: Twenty‐five CP, 20 AgP, and 20 healthy control (C) patients were selected for the study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded from each sampling area. Assays for GCF MCP‐1 and TNF‐α were carried out by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: The concentration (nanograms per microliters) and total MCP‐1 and TNF‐α (nanograms per site) were not statistically significant between CP and AgP groups, but total MCP‐1 and TNF‐α was statistically different between CP and C and between AgP and C groups (P <0.001). All clinical parameters were statistically different between CP and C and between AgP and C groups (P <0.001). A positive statistical correlation was detected between the levels of MCP‐1 and TNF‐α, and there was also a positive correlation between all clinical parameters and total MCP‐1 and TNF‐α levels.Conclusions: These results suggest that MCP‐1 could have an important role in the activation and recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells in periodontal diseases, and both AgP and CP patients may have the same pattern of MCP‐1 expression. A strong positive correlation between the GCF levels of MCP‐1 and TNF‐α may account for the mechanism of amplification of inflammatory events in gingival inflammation.
Local Simvastatin Effects on Mandibular Bone Growth and Inflammation
Authors: Stein David , Lee Yeonju , Schmid Marian J. , Killpack Byron , Genrich Mikala A. , Narayana Nagamani , Cullen Diane M. , Reinhardt Richard A. , Marx David B. 
Published: November 2005

Background: Simvastatin has been shown to increase bone growth when applied topically to murine bone; however, it causes considerable soft tissue inflammation at high doses (2.2 mg), making future clinical use problematic. This study evaluated the effect of lower simvastatin doses and cyclooxygenase (COX) synthase inhibitors on tissue inflammation and bone growth in rats and gene expression in mice.Methods: Adult female rats were untreated or treated with a single dose of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.2 mg simvastatin in methylcellulose gel in a polylactic acid membrane (SIM) on the lateral aspect of the mandible. The contralateral mandible side was implanted with methylcellulose gel/polylactic acid membrane alone (GEL), and five rats in each dose pairing were evaluated histomorphometrically after 3, 7, and 24 days. Subsequent rats were similarly treated with 0.5 mg simvastatin (optimal dose) and daily intraperitoneal injections of COX‐2 inhibitor (NS‐398; 1 mg/kg × 7 days; N = 16), general COX inhibitor (indomethacin; 1 mg/kg × 7 days; N = 16), or no inhibitor (N = 10) and evaluated histomorphometrically after 7 or 24 days by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Gene arrays were also used to evaluate osteogenic gene expression from 0.5 mg simvastatin in murine calvaria (N = 12).Results: There was a 45% increase in bone area with 0.5 mg simvastatin versus gel control (P <0.001; similar to the 2.2‐mg dose), and clinical swelling was reduced compared to the high simvastatin dose (P <0.05). The 0.1‐mg simvastatin dose failed to stimulate significant bone growth. NS‐398 and indomethacin reduced inflammation and bone growth. Simvastatin significantly upregulated procollagen, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 genes.Conclusion: Reducing the simvastatin dose from 2.2 to 0.5 mg reduced inflammation to a more clinically acceptable level without sacrificing bone‐growth potential, but COX‐associated inflammation appears to be necessary for in vivo bone growth.