bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Share Findings and Challenges in Conducting Health Impacts Assessment in Remote Geophysical Locations in the Third World Countries
Authors: Majid Wadzir 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Study objectives - To share findings and challenges in conducting health impacts assessment in remote geophysical locations in the third world countries
Design - Rapid health impact assessment involving brain storming sessions, work through observations of the current and incoming locations, engaging individual interviews with few key informants and literature review.
Setting: Remote geophysical areas of Sudan
Main results - Recommendation are made that cover issues around physical work environment, psychosocial work environment and work life balance.
Conclusions - The main challenges face by the assessors were in gathering the hard written evidences, logistic requirements, perceptions and cultural/tribal behavioral barrier during process of gathering the necessary input for hia within limited time allocated. One may have to rely on the power of visual observations, other indirect input base on previous similar project and cross references with input of senior project operators and management to get the necessary data for formulation of the reports. Rudimentary demographic data and lack of the statistical input from the local communities/authorities, poses special challenges for the assessors.
Well design rapid health impact assessment is a useful pragmatic tool for facilitating wide consultation. In particular engaging key stake holders (state governments and local population if any) in the very early planning stage of development, and assisting in highlighting changes to maximize the positive health influences on communities as development progress and minimizing the negative impact such as over crowding, community encroachment around the main core activities of exploration, extracting and processing petroleum.
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Drilling Mud in Arid Area: Evaluation of Specific Fate Factors of Toxic Emissions to Groundwater
Authors: Malika Ghazi , Quaranta Gaetana , Duplay Joelle , Khodja Mohamed 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The objective of this work is to give a first view of the environmental impacts assessment in an arid region (Algeria) of water-based (WBM) and oil-based (OBM) drilling mud. They have a considerable pollution potential particularly on the aquifer system which constitutes the single drinking water resource. We use the Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) approach which takes into account all the stages of use, treatment and disposal of drilling mud.
We evaluate all the life cycle of drilling mud, and compare 4 scenarios of treatment and disposal: Thermal desorption, Stabilisation/Solidification off line, Stabilisation/Solidification on line, and reserve pit without treatment. The quantitative comparison is carried on, using the LCIA models in the simulation software SIMAPRO7. This assessment identifies the tendencies of the emission and impact categories dominating in the arid context. It appears that the treatment scenario which has the highest contribution to the human health, climate change and resources damage classes is the simple reserve pit without treatment. The second most contributing scenario is the thermal desorption scenario whereas the off line stabilisation/solidification is the less contributing treatment. These first results will be refined in order to precise the contributing impact classes and point out the stages of processes to be improved.
Saipem Sustainability Talent – Speaking With Our Local Stakeholders
Authors: Mauri Daniela , forzan Andrea , De Sanctis Sabatino 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Saipem's approach to sustainability provides the annual commitment of external communication so as to give a possibility to stakeholders to examine closely Saipem reality. Since 1997, Saipem has been developing HSE reports, providing in-depth analyses of the Saipem Group's overall performance. The ever-increasing interest by stakeholders in companies’ socio-economic data has spurred the Oil&Gas sector to produce sustainability reports, and Saipem has reacted accordingly. Saipem felt that, the only corporate sustainability report would overlook important country-specific aspects. Therefore, the Company decided to publish several reports on various countries of operation. The Sustainability case studies issued by Saipem respond to the commitment of transparency, clarity and assurability we took with all stakeholders, developing a specific disclosure of the way Saipem is working in the frontiers areas. Saipem Sustainability Case Studies already issued focused on operations in Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Peru, Asia Pacific, Oman and Angola. All reports share the same structure, although available data and the individual nature of each site make each document unique. These reports are prefaced by a general introduction to Saipem's operations throughout the world; they contain an analysis on the environmental, social and economic impact of the activities, so as to illustrate Saipem's endeavour to develop Local Content in the Country.
The case studies spread out Sustainability commitment both at Corporate and at site level; both internally and externally; both through our initiatives and upon requests. We received interesting feedbacks from our readers and we tried to positively implement all suggestions. The utilisation of the case studies in the contracting phase for the new projects suggests us to better point out the impacts Saipem has in the country on its economic, environmental and social development. The distribution to the local stakeholders, suggested us to facilitate the comprehension of the contents translating it in the country mother tongue.
Wellsite Operations with Seismic Air Guns - The Potential Killer
Authors: Tulett J. R. , Clark M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Offshore Borehole Seismic (BHS) surveys require the use of special equipment to generate a supply of high pressure air/gas, and high pressure air-guns deployed in the sea to generate the acoustic energy to propagate seismic waves through the formation. With offshore petroleum exploration occurring in deeper wells, more complex sub-surface formations, and with steadily higher expectations for the results of BHS surveys, there is an industry trend in the deployment of more powerful seismic air-gun sources to provide critical geophysical information of petroleum reservoirs.
Offshore BHS surveys also require the use of the drilling rig, supply ship or vessel to deploy the air-gun source. When conducting these surveys, the air-gun source is fired several hundred times over the duration of the survey and this paper describes how to mitigate the risks to As Low As Reasonably Practical (ALARP).
All well programs having, or planning to conduct a BHS or geophysical survey such as Check-Shot Survey (CSS) or Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) can benefit from these safety recommendations.
Actual examples of unsafe seismic air-gun equipment, uncontrolled local practices, and lack of test or certification programs will be presented, to highlight the potential safety risks involved in BHS operations.
Recommendations for the testing & certification of critical high pressure air/gas equipment components, the training & certification program for personnel involved in BHS operations, the air-gun equipment setup and deployment methods, and an example of new air-gun controller safe shutdown feature will be presented, to show how safe operations can be maintained throughout the borehole seismic survey.
Failure to implement an HSE system can present a high risk of incident to people and equipment during borehole seismic operations.
Challenges of Waste Management in Environmentally Developing Countries
Authors: Paton Wendy , Fletcher Paul 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Oil and gas companies, as responsible multi-nationals, have high operating standards and detailed internal procedures. They recognise the importance of environmental protection and must ensure any risks to the environment are minimised. Due to the nature of their operations, they are also open to public scrutiny and subject to close watch by Non-Governmental Organisations.
However, oil and gas companies often find that there is a lack of facilities able to manage their wastes appropriately in the environmentally developing countries in which they operate. Furthermore, past waste management practices may have resulted in a legacy of abandoned pipelines, wastes and contaminated land.
Although measures may be implemented to minimise the amount of waste generated and to maximise recycling, inevitably a range of wastes will need to be treated or disposed. There are several methods of managing wastes from the extraction and processing of oil and gas (eg drill cuttings, some solid wastes and liquid wastes) including:
stabilisation/solidification; biological treatment; thermal treatment; subsurface disposal; and engineered landfill.
In terms of the contractual arrangements for managing wastes, oil and gas companies are also faced with a number of options:
working with local municipalities to help them upgrade existing facilities to acceptable standards; develop their own new facilities; contract out waste management to specialist local service providers; and export the waste to countries where there are existing facilities of the required standard.
Each of these technology and contractual options has its own advantages and disadvantages and the optimum solution will be dependant on the waste arisings and local circumstances. The arrangements must be integrated into a company's environmental policy, meet in-country legislative requirements and must be acceptable in terms of timing and cost. Inevitably a combination of technologies will be required to handle the range of wastes generated.
This paper examines in more detail the issues that need to be considered when a company chooses how it will manage its wastes – making the right decision is important as the wrong choice can result in excessive operational costs and potential on-going liabilities. As an example, savings of approximately US$500,000 were identified for a recent gas development project.
Executing Corporate Responsibility Projects in Remote Delta Areas: Health and Safety Lessons Learned From Working in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela
Authors: Rodriguez F. D. , Vilera D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
SHA Venezuela partnered with HSE International LLC (HSE LLC) to support Total Venezuela (Total) in the development of a comprehensive Heath and Safety (H&S) program tailored to Total's corporate social responsibility (CSR) sustainable development projects in the Orinoco Delta, eastern Venezuela. These initiatives involve the participation of teams to transport and install necessary materials and equipment, provide capacity building, and monitor indicators of performance. Travel to the delta is difficult, lengthy and requires multiple modes of transportation due to the lack of direct and reliable overland routes. Additionally, the region presents significant logistical as well as health and safety risks, including challenges inherent to its remote location and undeveloped conditions. Much of the area is covered by forest and mangroves; is inhabited by indigenous communities; is known to have an important incidence in malaria; and is characterized by low socioeconomic indicators, limited communication and scarce health services.
Drawing on Total's corporate Health and Safety policies and HSE LLC's expertise in this area, this paper highlights the safety risks and lessons learned in the field while implementing CSR projects in remote delta environments. Significant challenges were encountered to implement the H&S measures due to a lack of a safety culture and inherent conditions and hazards in the region. Total's policies were analyzed and incorporated to ensure consistency with best practices. Employees, contractors, and members of indigenous Warao communities were engaged through inductions, training and drills during the implementation of projects. To date, Total and HSE LLC developed risk assessments, H&S Plans and checklists, risk notification and induction materials, and emergency response / evacuation plans tailored to the conditions of working in the Orinoco Delta region and, on occasion, for extended periods of time.
Results, processes implemented, lessons learned and tools developed can be leveraged by other companies seeking to assure the safety of those who help them implement CSR or social investment activities in areas with similar characteristics.
Hearts and Minds to Hands and Feet
Authors: Egbumokei Peter Ifechukwude 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Royal Dutch Shell Group has sponsored over a long period of time, research on behavioral safety, which has been reported at previous SPE conferences[2–3]. This development led to "the Hearts and Minds" programme. This development led to "the Hearts and Minds" process. The primary objective of Shell's Hearts and Minds is to develop leaders, supervisors and workforce who are intrinsically motivated to manage HSE as a personal responsibility; towards this a change process was initiated towards a better HSE culture. SPDC is the operator of Shell's joint venture with the NNPC, EPNL and Agip in Nigeria. Considering a challenging statistic of work related fatalities over an extended period the SPDC-Nigeria Management decided in 2003 to mandate the Safety department to implement Hearts & Minds in SPDC. The main risk areas were identified as well as learning from test runs done in 2001 - 2002 and a road map for Hearts & Minds in SPDC-Nigeria was developed. The strategy/ roadmap defined a change process, with the following elements:
Make a business case to change the HSE culture in the company. Create a critical mass of people who are intrinsically motivated to support this HSE culture change across the company. Embed a deep awareness of how the HSE culture change can occur. Make people understand their role in improving the HSE culture. Make H&M a sustainable philosophy for Technical and operational excellence.
This paper proposal shares some key HSE culture success stories achieved in SPDC operations during a four-year period. Also successes will be shared on how to structurally implement a HSE culture in the company.
Successful establishment of a team of intrinsically motivated employees known as the Hearts & Minds Line Champions in the whole SPDC Company. Successful embedding Hearts and Minds concept in a technical safety environment and its effects on better performance Corporate Pipelines System department celebrated 30million man-hours LTI free in 2007. Prevention of 28 fatalities in a Road Transport Accident involving a seismic crew personnel carrier and a third party truck.
A Laboratory Study on Increased Assurance and Understanding Storage Mechanisms of E&P Waste Injection into an Unconsolidated Formation
Authors: McLennan John D. , Guo Quanxin , Wang Cong , Geehan Thomas , Martin J. Wesley , Marquardt James 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Injection of E&P wastes into a deep geologic repository has become increasingly important from both economic and technical perspectives – it can provide a long-term containment of the injected waste.
There have been instances where problems have developed with injection – problems that can be costly in terms of remediation. This is especially true as waste injection projects become larger and more challenging. Multi-million barrels of drilling and production wastes have been injected into individual wells raising questions about where do the injected wastes go and why can so much be injected into a single formation. There are a number of inconsistent theories and analytical models for explaining the large storage mechanisms.
A laboratory study was carried out to try to clarify these diverse models and to offer understanding on storage mechanisms for increased assurance. Drill cuttings slurries and produced water were injected, separately and commingled, into a highly permeable and weakly consolidated rock. Two experiments are summarized in this paper – one with cuttings-laden slurry only and one with cycled injections of cuttings and simulated produced water. Key observations included the following:
local formation heterogeneity controls solid deposition and containment significant near-fracture plugging (tip and flanks) for the lean, small particle slurry tested would advocate modification of conventional simulators to reflect leak-off degradation with increasing throughput sequential small volume injection falloff cycles can be processed to represent evolving reduction in fluid loss stimulation fracturing technologies can be applied to diagnose injector performance, especially tip plugging
These findings and conclusions offer the potential for refinement of models for E&P waste injector risk management and increased waste containment assurance.
Implementing Vector Control Programs in Limited Geographic Areas for Malaria Control
Authors: Dockins Richard O. , Sellers Jerry R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Vector control in both theory and practice has traditionally been a public health activity. As the oil industry continues to move into areas where vector-borne diseases are very disruptive, industrial vector control is becoming a more important subject. Industrial vector control involving malaria and the Anopheles mosquito is becoming very important to oil operations around the world. Industrial vector control need not apply any new theories nor any new types of equipment that have traditionally been used in public health vector control; however, the way in which the theories are applied and the equipment is used is much different for a limited geographic area, such as an oil camp, than in traditional public health applications.
As an example of applying traditional techniques in a limited geographic area, an Integrated Vector Control Plan ("IVCP") was started in June of 2006 to control malaria in two small oil camps in Southern Chad. While all the equipment, surveillance techniques, and control techniques are traditional, the intensity of activity for the IVCP in the oil camps is much higher.
The results of the IVCP after 18 months (two rainy seasons) as measured by (1) relative female Anopheles populations, (2) non-immune malaria cases and (3) semi-immune malaria cases are very positive.
The Corporate Response to HIV/AIDS: A Comparison Between the Global Fortune 100 and the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: McCashin J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
HIV/AIDS is global health issue which has a direct impact on the oil and gas industry. We were interested in looking at the oil and gas sector to understand if the response of this group was similar to that of the Fortune Global 100 (FG 100). We were also interested in understanding the drivers behind corporate responses to HIV/AIDS, in particular the role of operations in high prevalence areas such as Africa. Further, we wanted to know if companies who have adopted stand alone HIV/AIDS policies were limiting their efforts to passive policies preventing discrimination or if they were taking a proactive position of committing resources to prevention and/or treatment.
Methods: We reviewed the websites of the 2007 FG 100 and of a composite list of oil and gas related companies from the FG 500 and contacted 105 of these companies by e-mail or telephone. We looked specifically for 3 indicators; a corporate stand alone HIV/AIDS policy, HIV/AIDS initiatives and whether a company was a member of the GBC.
Key findings: We found that only 14 percent of the FG 100 had adopted stand alone HIV/AIDS policies, whereas 57 percent of the oil and gas companies in the FG 100 had policies. Twenty-six (26) percent of the broader oil and gas industry sector (OGIS) had HIV/AIDS policies. Seventy one (71) percent of FG 100 oil and gas companies document HIV/AIDS initiatives on their website compared with 36 percent of the FG 100 companies outside the oil and gas sector. The oil and gas sector were more likely to be members of the GBC than non-oil and gas companies.
Many companies indicated that they felt HIV/AIDS was better addressed as part of broader corporate non-discrimination and worker health policies. Of the 18 corporate level HIV/AIDS policies identified, all but 2 could be characterized as proactive including preventative measures and in some cases voluntary testing and treatment programs. Only 1 policy limited the corporate role to preventing discrimination. One (1) policy did not require the company to take an active role beyond philanthropic support of community based programs.
The data suggest that the oil and gas industry has demonstrated leadership in the corporate response to HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, there continues to be room for improvement as many companies in the sector are still not engaged. Better metrics and benchmarking opportunities may prove the best path forward for increasing the level of response and generating a more consistent approach across the oil and gas industry sector.
Food Safety Management
Authors: Yarmamedov Eldar , Minkin Oleg 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide information of the activities and methods applied by BP Azerbaijan Strategic Performance Unit (BP Az SPU) to get food safety into a place of confidence and compliance with laws and regulations. The scope of this article also includes the business impact and subsequent changes made in the BP Az SPU in Azerbaijan and Georgia related to catering activities. This includes immediate and latent impacts upon the organization, the workforce and related contractors and accompanied with the corrective mechanisms implemented and the subsequent business benefit.
So, what was the background that instigated interests in food safety?
BP Az SPU working area was distributed across three countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey and spread from the offshore of the Caspian Sea, through the Caucasus Mountains and across the Eastern regions of Turkey to the Mediterranean Sea and the work activity covered more than 1700 kilometers in predominantly remote locations.
Improving the Quality of the Medical Emergency Response (MER) in Global Exploration and Production Operations
Authors: Ponsonby Will , Sixma Eelco , Bhojani Faiyaz 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Shell has a comprehensive health and safety management system for it's global operations, and has a policy of no harm to people. However there are still a number of work and non-work related deaths in Shell's Exploration and Production (EP) operations. In the Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP), Medical Emergency Response (MER) is the recovery measure for ill and injured workers. To improve medical aid and to optimize this recovery measure it was decided to assess the existing system, and develop and implement an improved MER standard for Shell EP operations.
The pre-existing Shell standard followed the industry standard for tiered response. However it was recognized that this standard had little specific requirements in terms of competence or requirements for medical equipment. A new standard was developed to address this, and included prescriptive minima for the numbers of first aiders, and trained medical staff, and laid down specific requirements for competence and levels of equipment. It was also recognized that in some cases there were delays caused by workers not being aware of how to mobilize medical help. To address this there was a requirement for all staff working in EP operations (Shell staff and contractors) to be trained in first response so they would know who to contact, and what they should and should not do.
A Gap analysis process was carried out in early 2007, and the implementation of the new MER Standard was begun in Q3 2007 and is ongoing. Some of the gaps that were identified were levels of training and competency, medical equipment and health infrastructure, medical organization (including reporting) and medical emergency response planning. It was also identified that there was also a need to carry out more frequent MER drills.