bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ureteric embolization with stainless‐steel coils for managing refractory lower urinary tract fistula: a 12‐year experience
Authors: Shindel Alan W. , Zhu Hui , Hovsepian David M. , Brandes Steven B. 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVETo report our 12‐year experience with radiological treatment (ureteric embolization) for refractory urinary fistula, as malignancy, radiation therapy, and/or chronic inflammation increase the risk of lower urinary tract fistula after surgical urinary diversion, which can lead to significant morbidity, and for patients who are not surgical candidates permanent nephrostomy drainage and ureteric embolization offer an alternative form of urinary diversion.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed patients who had ureteric occlusion for refractory urinary fistula at our institution between 1993 and 2005. Stainless‐steel coils, with or without gelatine sponge, were placed antegradely through a percutaneous nephrostomy tract. Patients were then managed by long‐term nephrostomy drainage until death or definitive reconstructive surgery.RESULTSIn all, 29 patients (23 women and six men; mean age 59 years, sd 16) were identified who had urinary fistulae that were refractory to nephrostomy drainage alone. One patient had a history of severe perineal trauma and the remaining 28 had a history of cancer. Seventeen fistulae occurred in the setting of previous surgery, 20 patients had received adjunctive pelvic irradiation and 11 had had chemotherapy. In all, 52 ureters were embolized; occlusion was successful in all cases, with complete or near‐complete (<1 pad/day) dryness within 3 days. No repeat embolization was required and there were no significant complications. Two patients were lost to follow‐up. Three patients had definitive urinary diversion surgery and currently are well. One patient is alive and living with nephrostomy tubes; 23 patients have died.CONCLUSIONUreteric embolization is a viable option for managing complex lower urinary tract fistulae in patients with a poor performance status. It can be used as definitive management in patients with a limited life‐expectancy or as a temporary measure in those for whom another management plan is anticipated.
A single alcohol ingestion does not affect serum hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Manolakopoulos Spilios , Economou Michalis , Bethanis Sotirios , Mathou Nicoletta , Triantos Christos , Vlachogiannakos Jiannis , Vogiatzakis Evangelos , Avgerinos Alec , Tzourmakliotis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2006

Abstract: Background and aim: The safe level of alcohol ingestion in sporadic drinkers with hepatitis C is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a single moderate alcohol intake on serum HCV RNA concentrations and hepatic function in patients with chronic HCV infection.Methods: Twenty‐one patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomly assigned to consume 50 g alcohol (group 1) or a non‐alcoholic beverage (group 2). In both groups, serum ethanol, serum HCV RNA, transaminase and γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (γ‐GT) levels were measured just before alcohol intake and after 1, 2, 8, 24 h and 1 week's time.Results: The maximum concentration of ethanol in the blood was observed at the first hour after alcohol intake. No significant changes were observed in serum HCV RNA after alcohol intake. Repeated measurements of HCV RNA among the two groups revealed no difference (P=0.215). Similarly, no difference was observed in transaminase and γ‐GT levels at different time points in each group or among the groups [(ALT (P=0.082), AST (P=0.33), γ‐GT (P=0.538)].Conclusions: In patients with chronic hepatitis C, a single intake of 50 g alcohol does not affect liver biochemistry and HCV RNA concentrations. Therefore, it is a matter of further research whether sporadic drinking of light or moderate amounts of alcohol should be avoided in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Immunohistochemical detection of platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase and angiopoietins in ameloblastic tumors
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Ooya Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2006

Background:  To evaluate the roles of angiogenic factors in the development and progression of odontogenic tumors, expression of platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PD‐ECGF/TP) and of angiopoietins in ameloblastic tumors as well as in tooth germs.Methods:  Tissue specimens of 11 tooth germs, 44 ameloblastomas, and five malignant ameloblastic tumors were examined immunohistochemically with the use of antibodies against PD‐ECGF/TP and angiopoietin‐1 and ‐2.Results:  Immunohistochemical reactivity for PD‐ECGF/TP was detected in mesenchymal cells in tooth germs and stromal cells in ameloblastic tumors, and the level of immunoreactivity for PD‐ECGF/TP was significantly higher in ameloblastomas than in tooth germs. Granular cell ameloblastomas showed PD‐ECGF/TP reactivity in granular neoplastic cells as well as in stromal cells. Immunoreactivity for angiopoietin‐1 and ‐2 was detected predominantly in odontogenic epithelial cells near the basement membrane in tooth germs and in benign and malignant ameloblastic tumors. Malignant ameloblastic tumors had decreased angiopoietin‐1 reactivity and ameloblastic carcinomas had increased angiopoietin‐2 reactivity as compared with the respective levels in tooth germs and ameloblastomas. Immunohistochemical reactivity for angiopoietin‐2 was slightly higher in follicular ameloblastomas than in plexiform ameloblastomas.Conclusion:  Expression of PD‐ECGF/TP and angiopoietin‐1 and ‐2 in tooth germs and ameloblastic tumors suggests that these angiogenic factors participate in tooth development and odontogenic tumor progression by regulating angiogenesis. Altered expression of PD‐ECGF/TP and angiopoietins in ameloblastic tumors may be involved in oncogenesis, malignant potential, and tumor cell differentiation.
Differential expression of E‐cadherin in metastatic lesionscomparing to primary oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hung K.‐F. , Chang C.‐S. , Liu C.‐J. , Lui M.‐T. , Cheng C.‐Y. , Kao S.‐Y. 
Published: October 2006

Background:  The main cause of treatment failure in resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is metastasis. E‐cadherin (E‐cad) plays a principal role in cell adhesion and motility, and is associated with OSCC progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of E‐cad expression in OSCC with lymph node metastasis which had radical neck dissection done.Method:  Immunohistochemistry was used to detect E‐cad expression in normal oral mucosa (NOM) (n = 10), oral precancerous lesions (OPLs) (n = 20), primary OSCC (n = 45), and their paired metastatic lesions (n = 45). E‐cad immunoreactivity correlated with the clinicopathologic features.Results:  E‐cadherin immunoreactivity was progressively reduced in the NOM followed by OPLs and primary OSCC (58%). It decreased significantly in the advanced stages of OSCC. However, the increase in E‐cad immunoreactivity was observed in the majority (60%) of metastatic lesions in relation to primary OSCC. Patients with such increased or positive immunoreactivity of E‐cad in metastatic lesions exhibited worse prognosis.Conclusion:  The findings suggested a dynamic change in E‐cad immunoreactivity during tumorigenesis and metastasis of OSCC. In a multivariate analysis, E‐cad immunoreactivity in metastasis lesions (odds ratio 3.74, 95% CI 1.15–14.67; P = 0.040) implied the potential role of mortality predictors for OSCC cases with nodal involvement.
Milk basic protein increases alveolar bone formation in rat experimental periodontitis
Authors: Seto H. , Toba Y. , Takada Y. , Kawakami H. , Ohba H. , Hama H. , Horibe M. , Nagata T. 
Published: October 2006

Background and Objective:  It is conceivable that the active components extracted from milk whey protein (i.e. milk basic protein, MBP) stimulate bone formation and suppress bone resorption. Periodontitis is characterized by excessive alveolar bone resorption. We examined whether milk basic protein could recover alveolar bone loss in rat experimental periodontitis.Material and Methods:  A nylon ligature was placed around the cervix of molars in 8‐wk‐old male Fischer rats for 20 d. Then, the ligature was removed and a powder diet containing 0.2 or 1.0% milk basic protein was provided daily for another 45–90 d. On days 45 and 90, the maxillae were extracted and analyzed using microcomputerized tomography (micro‐CT), followed by histological analysis.Results:  Micro‐CT images showed that alveolar bone resorption was severely induced around the molar by the 20‐d ligature procedure. Treatment with high‐dose milk basic protein (1.0%) clearly recovered ligature‐induced alveolar bone resorption on days 45 and 90, whereas low‐dose milk basic protein (0.2%) did not show such a clear effect. Histological examination clarified that the osteoid thickness of alveolar bone was dose dependently increased by milk basic protein treatment for 90 d.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that a systemic administration of milk basic protein may be effective for the recovery of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: A COMPETITION ANALYSIS
Authors: Theron N.m. , Boshoff W.h. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article develops an analytical framework that can be used to assess competition in South African telecommunications and, thereafter, applies this framework in an evaluation of vertical integration patterns in the telecommunications industry. It is shown that, despite recent regulatory reforms, substantial vertical competition concerns remain unaddressed in both fixed line and mobile telecommunications markets.
Is Bursaphelenchus mucronatus a weak pathogen to the Japanese red pine?
Authors: Futai Kazuyoshi , Kanzaki Natsumi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It can invade healthy pine trees through the feeding wound of its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus, and can enter a dead or dying tree through the vector's oviposition mark. By contrast, B. mucronatus, which is closely related to B. xylophilus but has been considered to have no pathogenicity to pine species, also invades living host trees through the same process as B. xylophilus, although the transmission efficiency is lower than that of B. xylophilus. In order to clarify the reason why Bursaphelenchus mucronatus invades a living host, we inoculated shaded and unshaded host seedlings of Pinus densiflora with B. mucronatus. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus displayed pathogenicity in the host seedlings but only with those that were shaded. In addition, B. mucronatus was recovered from the seedlings that had survived until the end of the experiment. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus seems to survive in the living healthy host tree without causing disease symptoms. These results suggest a mutualistic relationship between B. mucronatus and its vector beetle.
2-D X-ray Fluorescence Imaging of Cadmium Hyperaccumulating Plants by Using High-energy Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Microbeam
Authors: Hokura Akiko , Onuma Ryoko , Kitajima Nobuyuki , Terada Yasuko , Saito Hiroyuki , Abe Tomoko , Yoshida Shigeo , Nakai Izumi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The monochromatic X-ray (37 keV) focused to microbeam (3 × 3 μm2) with a Fresnel zone plate allows us for the first time to measure a cellular distribution of cadmium in the cadmium hyperaccumulating plant, Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera by detecting the Cd Kα line. The distribution of cadmium in the leaves was clearly observed by in vivo monitoring. It was found that cadmium had highly accumulated in certain parts of the trichomes.
Preservation of a radionecrotic larynx by excision of thyroid cartilage with flap coverage
Authors: Litton Ward B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNecrosis of the larynx following radiation therapy is a rare complication leading to severe disability and even death. Generally accepted treatment has consisted of incision and drainage, debridement, and tracheotomy or even total laryngectomy.One patient developed chondronecrosis of the thyroid cartilage and was treated by excision of the entire thyroid cartilage and overlying skin with subsequent coverage by a unipedicled cervicothoracic flap. The patient has had his tracheotomy corked or been decannulated for 11 months with preservation of a useable larynx.
Tuning fork decay
Authors: Miller Gale W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTuning fork tests are used routinely by many otologists. A different group of otologists find the tests inconsistent and unreliable. This controversy has probably developed because the audiometer has replaced the tuning fork in hearing measurement. As a result, the art of use of the tuning fork is poorly learned.This study examines decay, one of the physical parameters of tuning forks. Measurements of acoustic (sound wave) and vibration (stem movement) decay were made. Alteration in decay due to pressure changes on the fork stem were studied. Acoustic signals were generated in an anechoic chamber. Vibration measurements were obtained using an artificial mastoid. Analysis of the signals was accomplished by a system of amplifiers, filters, tape recorders, and a graphic recorder.Tuning fork sound decay is a property of the instrument which occurs every time the fork is struck. The decay is a constant in decibels per second. The acoustic mode and the vibration mode decay at similar rates for the same fork. The strike frequency (a higher frequency than the fundamental produced when the fork is struck) also has a constant decay rate in decibels per second, and it is reported here for the first time. Force of 800 gm. and less applied to the bottom of the stem in vibration measurement caused minimal decay constant changes.When the physical parameters of the tuning fork (including this information on damping) are fully studied, tuning fork testing should become more of a science and less of an art.
Facial nerve function in 100 consecutive parotidectomies
Authors: Nichols Richard D. , Stine Patrick H. , Bartschi Larry R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe risk of facial nerve paresis after parotidectomy is thought to be within acceptable limits, although it is difficult to find published data regarding the specific magnitude of this risk. This study reviews the subject and reports postoperative facial function in 100 consecutive patients who had parotidectomies at the Henry Ford Hospital during a 9‐year period. Permanent weakness of a major branch was identified in 2 of 77 patients having lateral lobectomy for parotid disease. Both patients demonstrated marginal mandibular paresis after surgery for adenolymphoma. No weakness was noted in 16 patients undergoing total parotidectomy. No unanticipated nerve disability was noted in 4 patients having partial nerve sacrifice in extended procedures; 3 patients had complete sacrifice of the nerve.
The treatment of subglottic stenosis in children by prolonged dilatation
Authors: Kotton Bernard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngeal stenosis can present with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, hoarseness, stridor or decreased exercise tolerance. Asphyxia and death may follow. One accepted method of treatment is to perform a tracheostomy, dilate the stricture and insert an obturator for 6 to 9 mo.Ten children with a subglottic stenosis were treated by this technique and 7 completed the treatment. Results in 5 of these children were good, 1 was improved and 1 restenosed. These results compare favorably with those reported by others.This form of treatment is indicated for unyielding but dilatable strictures which have failed to respond to other approaches. The choice, therefore, lies between resection and plastic repair or prolonged dilatation. Results are generally quite good for strictures near the vocal cords, but are variable for those well below the cords.The manufacture and insertion of a prosthesis used in the above cases are described.
Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in determining site of lesion of brain stem gliomas in children
Authors: Nodar Richard H. , Hahn Joseph , Levine Howard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBrain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test results are reported on seven children (2 1/2‐13 years) with brain stem neoplasms. In each case, the BAEP test results clearly indicated the site of lesion as determined by computerized tomography and observation during surgery. Seven criteria for the assessment of BAEP test results are also presented: 1. Peak latency, 2. Intra‐peak latency, 3. Inter‐peak latency, 4. Response stability, 5. Amplitude, 6. Waveshape, and 7. Peak presence. Six children had positive indications on at least four of the seven criteria described, while one child had two positive indications. However, dramatic abnormality on any single criterion warrants serious investigation.
Spatial anatomy of facial nerve fibers—a preliminary report
Authors: Crumley Roger L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to tag axons to the orbicularis oculi muscle in eight adult cats. Retrograde axonal transport in some animals resulted in fiber labelling such that the spatial anatomy of fibers was determined. In those few animals in which labelling occurred, a definite spatial orientation was retained in the extra‐temporal nerve.Problems with the HRP technique are discussed in the paper, and the literature is reviewed with regard to spatial orientation of facial nerve axons. This technique, previously used to label neurons in the facial nucleus, appears to be of value in labelling of the peripheral fibers as well.
Palliative orbital decompression for metastatic melanoma to the orbit
Authors: Sobol Steven , Druck Norman S. , Wolf Mitchell 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough relatively rare, metastatic carcinomas to the orbit are the second most common orbital neoplasm in the adult. There are only ten cases reported in the literature of cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the orbit and, of these, only two had disease involving both orbits. This paper presents the third case of bilateral orbital melanoma; however, in this case, the primary site was the uveal tract in the first eye, with contralateral involvement being a metastasis of the orbital primary. The patient developed severe unilateral proptosis in his only seeing eye with progressive loss of vision. A palliative orbital decompression was performed which successfully restored visual acuity for an extended period of time. A brief discussion of the rationale for this procedure in this type of case is presented.
Management of inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Myers Eugene N. , Schramm Victor L. , Barnes E. Leon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a neoplastic growth of epithelium which inverts into the underlying stroma rather than proliferating outward from the surface. These neoplasms probably arise from the area of the lateral nasal wall. Inverted papilloma is characterized by its: A. capacity to destroy; B. tendency to recur; and C. association with malignancy.During the past decade, we have come to understand better the histologic, biologic, and anatomic features of this tumor. More studies focusing on inverted papilloma have been published in recent years, and the authors of these reports have advocated more aggressive surgical procedures in the management of this tumor. The application of the technique of lateral rhinotomy and en bloc excision of the lateral nasal wall has dramatically decreased the recurrence rate while providing the patient with quite acceptable cosmetic and functional results. The surgical approach to inverted papilloma associated with squamous cell carcinoma varies with the extent of disease; but a good cure rate, especially with localized tumors, may be achieved with aggressive surgery combined with radiation therapy in these cases.We present a series of 19 patients with inverted papilloma. In 6 of these 19 patients, squamous cell carcinoma was associated with the inverted papilloma; 13 of the patients with inverted papilloma and 3 of the patients with an associated malignancy underwent lateral rhinotomy with en bloc excision of the lateral nasal wall. The tumor did not recur in these patients. The rationale for this surgery, as well as the details of these patient's case histories, form the basis of this report.
The role of dynamic posturography in neurotologic diagnosis
Authors: Voorhees Richard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectronystagmography and rotary vestibulnr testing are of definite but limited value in screening the dizzy patient. Objective identification of a vestibular abnormality is valuable, but there is an additional need to appraise the functional capacity of those suffering central or peripheral disorders causing spatial disorientation or disequilibrium. Records of 175 patients undergoing posturography in the author's practice over a 1‐year period were reviewed. Diagnosis was established by conventional neurotologic means including computerized electronystagmography. Abnormal results on posturography were identified by criteria established through the national users group of Equi‐Test participants. There were 112 peripheral cases with 50 (45%) abnormal on posturography, in contrast to 53 central patients with 38 (72%) abnormal. Posturography establishes a functional level of balance in certain peripheral and central disorders and provides limited but significant aid to assist in distinguishing between the two.
Loss of residual hearing after cochlear implantation
Authors: Boggess William J. , Baker Jane E. , Balkany Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMany cochlear implant recipients have some measurable hearing prior to implantation. Animal studies have demonstrated some loss of viable neural elements resulting from both mechanical insertion trauma and long‐term electrical stimulation. The effect of implantation of a long intracochlear multichannel electrode array and subsequent electrical stimulation on residual hearing was evaluated.Forty consecutive cochlear implant recipients were assessed by audiometry at the Colorado Ear Clinic between July 1985 and June 1988. Twelve of these patients (30%) had some measurable residual hearing before implantation, although all had profound hearing loss, with no understanding of speech. All patients received a multichannel cochlear implant with all 22 electrodes inserted in each patient by an experienced cochlear implant surgeon.Audiometric testing was repeated between 2 and 24 months after implantation. Pure‐tone threshold responses in the implanted ear were significantly reduced postimplant, while puretone threshold responses in the nonimplanted ear were stable.
Freeze‐Dried microarterial replacement allografts in rabbits
Authors: Pratty Michael F. , Bank Harvey L. , Schmehl Marcia , Horton William D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMicrovascular techniques offer important alternatives for reconstructive head and neck surgery. To test the viability of freeze‐dried allografts, a pilot experimental study was performed using the rabbit model. Freeze‐dried preserved arterial allografts were implanted into femoral artery defects in eight subjects. After 6 weeks, all grafts were harvested and prepared for histologicol and electron microscopic analysis. Immediate patency was 100%. One subject was excluded on the third postoperative day. Of the seven remaining grafts, three (43%) were patent at 6 weeks. These results are comparable to previous data obtained using freeze‐dried arterial allografts in the some animal model. Although further investigation is required, this pilot study suggests possible future application of cryopreserved vascular micrografts.