bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on salmonella excretion in the black headed gull (Lams ribibundus) feeding at sewage treatment works
Authors: Fricker C. R. 
Published: March 2008

Fricker, C. R. 1984 A note on salmonella excretion in the black headed gull (Larus ribibundus) feeding at sewage treatment works. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 499–502.The range of salmonella serotypes found in sewage sludge and in the faeces of black headed gulls (Larus ribibundus) feeding on the sludge was investigated. A close association was demonstrated between the serotypes found in both types of sample. Salmonella takoradi (a serotype which is uncommon in Scotland) appeared in the sludge for two short periods during the twelve week study and on both occasions it was later found in the gull faeces. It was shown that gulls become infected after feeding on contaminated sewage sludge but that the infection is probably shortlived.
The influence of incubation temperature and pH on the antimicrobial properties of hen egg albumen
Authors: Tranter H.S. , Board R.G. 
Published: March 2008

Tranter H.S. & Board, R.G. 1984. The influence of incubation temperature and pH on the antimicrobial properties of hen egg albumen. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 53–6.Gram positive bacteria, including lysozyme‐resistant strains, and yeasts were killed in hen egg albumen with or without iron at 30 of 39.5.dGC. The albumen was more toxic at 39.5.dGC than at 30d̀C for Gram negative bacteria. With the exceptions of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter sp. and Proteus vulgaris, iron caused the growth of Gram negative bacteria or protected them from being killed in hen albumen at 39.5.dGC. At this temperature, however, maximal growth of and glucose utilization by Escherichia coli C20 only occurred in albumen supplemented with growth factors, trace metals, additional nitrogen and sufficient iron to quench ovotransferrin. The bactericidal properties of albumen could be negated by changing its pH from 90 or above to 7.5 or below. At 39.5d̀C, enterochelin allowed growth of E. coli in albumen at pH 7.9, but not at 9.4, whereas iron allowed growth at both pH values.
Microbial metabolism of 1,2‐propanediol studied by the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec)
Authors: Czerkawski J.W. , Piatkova M. , Breckenridge G. 
Published: March 2008

Czerkawski J.W., Piatkova M. & Breckenridge, G. 1984. Microbial metabolism of 1,2‐propanediol studied by the Rumen. Simulation Technique (Rusitec). Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 56, 81–94.A series of experiments with the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) showed that 1,2‐propanediol was metabolized efficiently by rumen micro‐organisms and that the main end‐products of fermentation were propionic and 2‐methylbutyric acids. ‘Propionaldehyde and n‐propanol were also formed as intermediate compounds.’ The effect of the diol on digestion of the basal diet appeared to be small with concentrate, or when the roughage was supplemented with additional nitrogen (urea). The decrease in the output of acetic and butyric acids was consistent with utilization of C2 units for synthesis of 2‐methylbutyric acid. The fermentation of 1,2‐propanediol resulted in little or no increase in the output of additional microbial matter. The distribution of radioactivity from [1‐14C] 1,2‐propanediol confirmed that propionaldehyde and n‐propanol were the primary products of metabolism of the diol and that the end‐products were propionic and 2‐methylbutyric acids, with very little labelling of microbial matter. Between 2% and 3% of radioactivity was found in gases and surprisingly the specific radioactivity of methane was higher than that of carbon dioxide, particularly during the initial stages of incubation. Possible pathways in the degradation of 1,2‐propanediol by rumen micro‐organisms are suggested and discussed in relation to similar reactions established in other systems.
Interaction of the Bacillus subtilis spore protoplast, cortex, ion‐exchange and coatless forms with glutaraldehyde
Authors: Gorman S.P. , Scott E.M. , Hutchinson E.P. 
Published: March 2008

Gorman, S.P. Scott, E.M. Hutchinson, E.P. 1984. Interaction of the Bacillus subtilis spore protoplast, cortex, ion‐exchange and coatless forms with glutaraldehyde. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 95–102.Bacillus subtilis spores with altered ionic content were tested for their susceptibility to lysis with lysozyme or sodium nitrite following treatment with glutaraldehyde. The Ca‐form was more sensitive to glutaraldehyde (pH 4.0.and pH 7.9) than the untreated or H‐form. Removal of spore coat dramatically increased sensitivity of the spore to glutaraldehyde. Pretreatment of spores, the coats of which had been extensively removed, with glutaraldehyde (pH 7.9) reduced the rate of lysis by lysozyme and by sodium nitrite, whereas glutaraldehyde at pH 4.0.had little effect. Glutaraldehyde pretreatment (pH 4.0 and pH 7.9) reduced the amount of hexosamine released by lysozyme but not by nitrite from isolated cortical fragments. Spore protoplasts were more susceptible to 0.01% (w/v) glutaraldehyde at pH 4.0 and isolated spore coats adsorbed alkaline glutaraldehyde more rapidly. These results are discussed in terms of a possible mode of action of glutaraldehyde on the bacterial spore.
Minimum growth temperatures of Listeria monocytogenes and non‐haemolytic listeria
Authors: Junttila Jaana R. , Niemelä S.I. , Hirn J. 
Published: March 2008

Minimum growth temperatures and those of decreased growth were determined for 100 strains of listerias. The ability of 78 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from animals and 22 non‐haemolytic strains to grow at low temperatures was studied, using a flooding technique, in a plate‐type continuous temperature gradient incubator at temperatures between –1.6 and 14.5.C. The mean minimum temperature for L. monocytogenes was +1.1 0.3.C. The growth of non‐haemolytic listerias was unobservable at +1.7 0.5.C. The L. monocytogenes strains grew at about 0.6°C lower than the non‐pathogenic strains. No differences in growth temperatures were observed among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from different sources. The serovars with the OI antigen grew at lower temperatures (+1.0.3°C) than the other common serovar 4b (+1.3 0.4°C).The results indicate that L. monocytogenes grows better than non‐haemolytic strains under cold conditions. The possible role of haemolysins as growth factors is also discussed.
In vivo transfer of pAMβ1 from Lactobacillus reuteri to Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Morelli L. , Sarra P. G. , Bottazzi V. 
Published: March 2008

Trials were conducted to determine the in vivo transferability of plasmid‐mediated antibiotic resistance between two strains of enteric Gram‐positive bacteria. Germfree mice were associated with the donor Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 strain, carrying the broad host range pAMβ1 plasmid, and with the Enterococcus faecalis JH2SS recipient strain.Analysis of faecal content of associated mice demonstrated that the in vivo transfer of this plasmid did occur and that frequencies of conjugation were affected by the presence of subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic in the diet.
An improved ELISA method for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Prusak‐sochaczewski E. , Luong J.H.T. 
Published: March 2008

The applicability of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of salmonellas in foodstuffs was investigated. Several factors affecting the sensitivity of the ELISA, such as the type of protein used for plate post‐coating, the method of antibody labelling, and accelerators for antigen‐antibody and enzyme‐substrate reactions, were studied. Labelling of the antibody with horseradish peroxidase and the use of o‐phenylenediamine as substrate in the detection system were demonstrated to be most suitable for the enzyme assay.Based on these findings, an improved ELISA method was developed for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The improved technique was able to detect as few as 5×104‐105 cell/ml of salmonellas, and about 24 h were required to enrich the bacteria in food samples and to perform the test. With some modifications, the ELISA assay could reach a very high level of sensitivity and provide excellent repro‐ducibility.
Preliminary in vitro observations on the bacteriology of the black plug layer phenomenon associated with the biofouling of golf greens
Authors: Lindenbach S.K. , Cullimore D.R. 
Published: March 2008

Nine sand columns were developed and subjected to various conditions thought to be associated with the bacterial generation of a black plug layer. Five axenic cultures which were originally isolated from a natural black plug layer (BPL) and a clay‐like plug layer (CLPL) were used. These cultures were applied individually and in various combinations to biofoul and possibly synthesize a BPL or CLPL in sterile vertical sand columns. Biofilm formation was monitored by gravity water flow impedance and through an observation of visual changes.Combinations (consortia) of the isolated cultures were found to form a synthetic BPL rather than where individual strains were used. All strains caused some flow impedance biofouling. Rapid plugging of the sand columns occurred in the first 3 d of the experiment. This plugging tended to occur at the top and bottom of the sand column around the upper in‐ and lower out‐flow ports to the medium circulation system. There was no relationship between the black colour associated with BPL and the development of the initial plugging. A clear biofilm developed initially in all cases to cause plugging. When sulphur‐reducing bacteria were incorporated into the column inoculum, visible black sulphide deposits were observed to develop after 3 d to form the BPL. Insoluble gases were produced in all of the columns and could be observed through the generation of fracture cavities and pockets within the sand column with associated increases in internal pressures resulting in back pressures and port disruption.
A highly selective two‐stage isolation method for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in foods
Authors: ISIGIDI B.K. , DEVRIESE L.A. , CROEGAERT TH. , VAN HOOF J. 
Published: March 2008

A plate method for enumerating Staphylococcus aureus is described which combines a 1‐h recovery period for stressed cells on a relatively non‐selective Baird‐Parker agar base followed by a 24‐h growth phase in a highly selective, supplemented Baird‐Parker medium added as an overlay. Tests with pure cultures showed satisfactory recovery of stressed Staph. aureus and other bacteria. Similar results were obtained with the conventional Baird‐Parker procedure and with the two‐stage isolation method for shrimps and poultry neck skins, but for raw minced meat, recoveries were higher with the combined method than with the conventional medium.All colonies visible after 24 h on the two‐stage medium can be counted as Staph. aureus, whereas longer incubation times and confirmatory tests are necessary to differentiate it from other organisms on conventional Baird‐Parker medium.
Correlation between environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in sewage effluent and the incidence of Campylobacter infection in the community
Authors: Jones K. , Betaieb M. , Telford D.R. 
Published: March 2008

Environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in liquid sewage effluent (primary settlement only) during 1988 and 1989 showed a prominent seasonablity with distinct peaks in May and June (the average number of bacteria per 100 ml of effluent in months other than May and June was 2244 and the average for the peak months was 50 778). Apart from September 1989, this seasonality coincided precisely with the seasonal variation of Campylobacter enteritis in the community with similar distinct peaks in May and June (the incidence of infection in May and June was twice or three times that in the other months).Sampling of sewers showed that the campylobacters in the sewage effluent came mainly from abbatoir and animal processing plants with only a minor input from the community. Therefore, the seasonal peaks in the sewage effluent and in the community may not be dependent on human infections but on zoonotic infections which may also peak in May and June.
A medium for the isolation, enumeration and rapid presumptive identification of injured Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus
Authors: Hood A.M. , Tuck A. , Dane C.R. 
Published: March 2008

A blood‐free egg yolk medium (BCP) containing pyruvate, inositol, mannitol and a bromocresol purple indicator in a nutrient agar base has been developed to initiate the growth of Clostridium perfringens. It is comparable to blood agar for the growth of normal, chilled stored vegetative cells and heat‐injured spores of Cl. perfringens and Bacillus cereus. It has the advantage over blood agar in exhibiting presumptive evidence of Cl. perfringens (production of lecithinase and inositol fermentation) after an overnight incubation at 43°C‐45°C. Pyruvate, catalase and other hydrogen peroxide degraders were found to remove toxins rapidly formed in media exposed to air and light. Free radical scavengers of superoxide, hydroxyl ions and singlet oxygen were ineffective. Without scavengers the formation of 10–20 μg/ml hydrogen peroxide in the exposed medium was indicated and found lethal to injured Cl. perfringens.The BCP medium has been used successfully for the rapid identification and enumeration of Cl. perfringens in foods and faeces from food poisoning outbreaks and cases of suspected infectious diarrhoea. Greater recovery of severely injured vegetative Cl. perfringens could be obtained by pre‐incubation at 37°C of inoculated media for 2–4 h followed by overnight incubation at 43°C‐45°C. Tryptose‐sulphite‐cyclo‐serine and Shahidi‐Ferguson‐perfringens agar base were found to inhibit the growth of several strains of injured vegetative Cl. perfringens. This was not completely overcome by the addition of pyruvate. The inclusion of mannitol also allows the medium to be used for the presumptive identification of B. cereus. Growth and lecithinase activity are profuse on BCP. Heat‐injured spores are recovered equally well on BCP and blood agar. A scheme for the identification of some other clos‐tridia on BCP is presented.
Prevalence of Salmonella in chicken carcasses in Portugal
Authors: Machado J. , Bernardo F. 
Published: March 2008

Machado, J. & Bernardo, F. 1990. Prevalence of Salmonella in chicken carcasses in Portugal. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 477–480.During 1986–87 57% of 300 chicken carcasses yielded salmonellas where tested by a swabbing method. Serotypes isolated were Salmonella enteritidis (66%), Salm. agona (12%), Salm. newport (6%), Salm. saintpaul (6%), Salm. derby (4%), Salm. typhimu‐rium (3%), Salm. bardo (1%), Salm. ohio (1%) and untypable (2%). The results are compared with those of avian and human salmonellosis registered in Portugal during the same period.
Growth of, and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus when in the presence of either Lactococcus lactis or lactic acid and at different initial pH values
Authors: Luchese Rosa H. , Harrigan W.F. 
Published: March 2008

Luchese, R.H. & Harrigan, W.F. 1990. Growth of, and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus when in the presence of either Lactococcus lactis or lactic acid and at different initial pH values. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 512–519.Aspergillus parasiticus was grown in a modified Lab‐Lemco tryptone broth both as a single culture and in association with Lactococcus lactis. Total aflatoxin (B1 + G1) production was higher in the mixed cultures. This stimulation persisted when different batches of media, inoculation procedures and makes of ingredients were used. Aflatoxin yields increased in media with an initial pH of 4.2 compared with a pH close to neutrality. Hydrochloric and/or lactic acid had little effect. The substitution of half the carbon content of the medium by lactate resulted in stimulation or reduction on aflatoxin production when the initial pH was 4.2 or 6.8, respectively.
Adhesion of bacillus spores in relation to hydrophobicity
Authors: Rönner U. , Husmark Ulrika , Henriksson A. 
Published: March 2008

Rönner, U., Husmark, U. & Henriksson, A. 1990. Adhesion of bacillus spores in relation to hydrophobicity. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 550–556.The adhesion of spores of five different Bacillus species to solid surfaces of different hydrophobicity was evaluated. The spore surface hydrophobicity was measured using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). A large variation in hydrophobicity was found among the spores of the different species tested. The degree of adhesion of spores to the solid surfaces was consistent with the results obtained using the HIC method. The most hydrophobic spores, according to the HIC method, adhered in a much larger extent to the hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, spores generally adhered to a greater extent to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces than did the vegetative cells.
Growth inhibitory and biocidal activity of some isothiazolone biocides
Authors: Collier P.J. , Ramsey A.J. , Austin P. , Gilbert P. 
Published: March 2008

Collier, P.J., Ramsey, A.J., Austin, P. & Gilbert, P. 1990. Growth inhibitory and biocidal activity of some isothiazolone biocides. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 569–577.Similar patterns of growth inhibition were observed for the three biocides, benzisothiazol‐3‐one (BIT), 5‐chloro‐N‐methylisothiazol‐3‐one (CMIT) and N‐methylisothiazol‐3‐one (MIT) against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Schizo‐saccharomyces pombe NCYC 1354. After periods of induced stasis, proportional to biocide concentration, growth proceeded at an inhibited rate. Extrapolation of the static periods and inhibited growth rates against biocide concentration gave minimum growth inhibitory concentration estimates of 0.1–0.5 μg/ml for CMIT, 15–20 μg/ml for BIT and 40–250 μg/ml for MIT. Patterns of growth inhibition by CMIT and induced morphological changes in inhibited cultures suggested this com‐pound to also inhibit initiation of DNA replication. Growth inhibitory activity was rapidly quenched by the addition of thiol‐containing materials such as glutathione and cysteine. The activity of CMIT was additionally quenched by the presence of the non‐thiol amino acids valine and/or histidine. These results suggest that the chlorinated isothiazolones can react with amines as well as with essential thiol groups.
Synergism within polyhexamethylene biguanide biocide formulations
Authors: Gilbert P. , Pemberton D. , Wilkinson Diane E. 
Published: March 2008

Gilbert, P., Pemberton, D. & Wilkinson, D.E. 1990. Synergism within polyhexamethylene biguanide biocide formulations. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 593–598.Polyhexamethylene biguanides (PHMB) are mixtures of polymeric biguanides with an average polymer length (n) of 5, but containing high (n > 15, mol. wt 3300) and low molecular weight material (n= 2, mol. wt 400). Studies involving discrete molecular weight fractions of PHMB have shown that antimicrobial activity of PHMB increases with increasing polymer length. Cell suspensions which had not been subjected to centrifugation and/or washing during their preparation were employed. Whilst activity was still observed to increase with n, the trend was much reduced as n exceeded six. Centrifugation and washing of cells markedly increased the activity of high but not low molecular weight materials and corresponded to losses upon centrifugation of envelope lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Such envelope LPS represented high affinity binding sites on the surfaces of the cells. Combinations of various molecular weight fractions of PHMB were evaluated against filter‐washed cells and revealed a profound synergy between extremes of polymer length.
Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense surface polysaccharide mutants that are affected in flocculation
Authors: Michiels K. , Verreth C. , Vanderleyden J. 
Published: March 2008

Michiels, K., Verreth, C. & Vanderleyden, J. 1990. Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense surface polysaccharide mutants that are affected in flocculation. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 705–711.Surface polysaccharide production by Azospirillum is demonstrated by fluorescence of colonies grown on media containing the fluorescent dye Calcofluor, which binds to β‐linked polysaccharides. Mutants showing decreased and increased levels of fluorescence are obtained from Azospirillum lipoferum strain Sp59b by chemical mutagenesis, and from A. brasilense strain 7030 by Tn5 mutagenesis.The A. brasilense 7030 fluorescence mutants produce wild‐type levels of exo‐polysaccharide in their culture supernatant fluids, but are affected in flocculation in liquid culture. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that an A. brasilense surface polysaccharide, different from the exopolysaccharide, is involved in both Calcofluor staining and flocculation.It is shown by DNA hybridization that the genetic loci affected in the A. brasilense 7030 fluorescence mutants are different from the A. brasilense exoB and exoC loci, which are involved in exopolysaccharide production.
Alterations in the major heterotrophic bacterial populations isolated from a still bottled mineral water
Authors: Morais Paula V. , Costa M.S. Da 
Published: March 2008

Morais, P.V. & Da Costa, M.S. 1990. Alterations in the major heterotrophic bacterial populations isolated from a. still bottled mineral water. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 750–757.The heterotrophic bacterial population of a bottled mineral water stored in returnable glass bottles and in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bottles at room temperature was studied over 9–12 months. The plate counts in R2A medium incubated at 22d̀ and 37d̀C were low initially, increasing to 104‐105 cfu/ml within a few days of bottling. The number of bacteria recovered at 22d̀C from PVC bottles was fairly constant during the storage period, but the population isolated at 37d̀C decreased markedly after storage for 1 year. The major components of the population were Pseudomonas strains, one of which was identified as Pseudomonas vesicularis. Major changes took place during storage; two groups of bacteria (B and C) were dominant initially, but during the latter period of storage other groups (F, G and H) increased in number.
Isolation of some new sulphur bacteria from activated sludge
Authors: Emtiazi G. , Habibi M.H. , Setareh M. 
Published: March 2008

Emtiazi, G., Habibi, M.H. & Setareh, M. 1990. Isolation of some new sulphur bacteria from activated sludge. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 864–870.During studies on bulking of activated sludge some new sulphur micro‐organisms, which were able to grow aerobically and anaerobically on reduced sulphur compounds, were isolated on thiosulphate agar. These were capable of autotrophic and heterotrophic growth on a wide range of substrates. In view of their ability to oxidize reduced sulphur compounds, and because one of them was an oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive, Gram‐negative, motile coccus (0.36–0.48 μm) it was named Thiosphaera persica. The second one was an oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive, Gram‐negative, motile rod (1.32–1.80 μm) and was named Thiobacillus persica. The third one was oxidase‐negative, catalase‐positive, motile, Gram‐negative and polymorphic and was named Sulphobacter polymorpha.
Staphylococcus aureus S‐6: factors affecting its growth, enterotoxin B production and exoprotein formation
Authors: Nychas G. J. , Tranter H. S. , Brehm Rossalyn D. , Board R. G. 
Published: March 2008

The growth of Staphylococcus aureus S‐6, enterotoxin production and exoprotein formation were always higher in NZ‐amine A medium compared with brain heart infusion medium. The formation of exoproteins, including enterotoxin B, per bacterial cell in static culture was influenced by the addition of glucose.Lactate and amino acids were used by Staph. aureus S‐6 in media without additional glucose. When both media were supplemented with glucose, lactic and acetic acids were produced. Different electrophoretic patterns for exoprotein formation were obtained when the organism was grown in shaken or static culture.