bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOGENESE VON ÖSTRATETRAENOL BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Knuppen R. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of androsta-4,16-dien-3-one with 10 000 × g supernatant of human placenta tissue resulted in the formation of a phenolic metabolite. This was isolated and subsequently identified as oestratetraen-3-ol by its melting point, paper chromatography, and the absorption curves of the sulphuric acid water reaction and the Kober reaction. The conversion of androsta-4,16-dien-3-one to oestratetraen-3-ol was approximately 25%, whereas under similar conditions testosterone was aromatised to oestradiol-17β (and oestrone) in a 30% yield. The significance of these results is discussed with regard to the conversion of testosterone to 16,17-epioestriol.
BIOASSAY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXTRACTS
Authors: Mellinger Raymond C. , Mansour Jalileh A. , Smith Richmond W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.
IS COBALT CONCENTRATED IN PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE?
Authors: Falkmer Sture , Knutson Folke 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive (58Co) cobaltous chloride with stable cobaltous chloride as a carrier, was administered to the marine teleost Cottus scorpius as a single intramuscular injection. The radioactivity of various tissues was measured from 3 h to 10 d after the injections in a scintillation spectrometer. The unique anatomical features of Cottus scorpius – its pancreatic islet tissue is concentrated into two grossly visible structures free from admixture of exocrine pancreatic parenchyma – allow of quantitative determination of the total uptake of radiocobalt in islet tissue and comparison with that of other tissues. This is not possible in mammals. It was found that the isolated islet tissue had approximately the same high ability as the liver to concentrate cobalt at all observation periods after 3 h.
Autoradiograms, however, showed only a slight uptake of radiocobalt in the islet tissue. This finding is interpreted as indicating that most of the accumulated cobalt existed in a free soluble form or bound to substances which were dissolved during conventional fixation and embedding procedures preceding autoradiography.
DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG DER 17-HYDROXY-20-OXO-20-METHYL-STEROIDE (21-DESOXYKETOLE) BEI GESUNDEN FRAUEN UND BEI FRAUEN MIT ANDROGENEN VERÄNDERUNGEN
Authors: Zander Josef , Schröder Günter , Walter Beowulf , Borth Rudi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of 17-hydroxy-20-oxo-20-methyl-steroids (21-deoxy-ketols) was estimated in various clinical conditions, using the method of Appleby & Norymberski. The following results were obtained:
In healthy women, the excretion rate varies with age. Before puberty, the mean values are below 100 μg/d; they rise to 300 μg/d at 30 years, then they fall again to less than 100 μg/d at the menopause. The limits of normal variation between women of the same age are 60 and 180% of the mean excretion rate (fiducial limits calculated for P = 0.05). In congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia, the excretion is markedly higher than normal. During treatment with 100 mg of cortisone daily, the levels decrease within four days to less than 200 μg/d. The excretion is within the normal range – (a) in women with hirsutism and normal or slightly increased 17-ketosteroid excretion, associated or not with menstrual disorders, and (b) in cases of the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. In metabolic experiments with 17α-hydroxy-progesterone (50 to 100 mg injected intramuscularly during the menstrual cycle or after the menopause), 2.0–3.5% of the administered amount are recovered as urinary 21-deoxy-ketols. In practical importance, the method is similar to the estimation of pregnanetriol. The technique is described in detail. Its reliability is satisfactory, and it helps to simplify considerably the routine operation of steroid assays.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS HORMONES UPON THE RESPONSIVENESS OF THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT TO DOCA IMPLANTATION
Authors: Girerd R. J. , Rassaert C. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the DOCA implanted hypophysectomized rat sensitized by means of unilateral nephrectomy and increased dietary NaCl, the chronic parenteral administration of pituitary extracts, either alone or combined with other hormones, was able to induce a blood pressure elevation comparable to that observed in non-hypophysectomized DOCA-implanted sensitized rats. The DOCA induced polydipsia was increased by hypophysectomy and also by ACTH treatment; vasopressin administration markedly reduced the polydipsia. The severe renal and cardiac microscopic pathological changes usually caused by DOCA were not found in any of the hypophysectomized rats. However, in most of the experimental groups treated with pituitary extracts, macroscopic changes in the structure of the kidney, heart and mesenteric arteries were evident; triiodothyronine appeared to have a preventive effect on these. Therefore, the angiotoxic effects of DOCA seem to be much more pituitary dependent than its hypertensive action since, after hypophysectomy, pituitary extracts can easily restore the hypertension but are incapable of inducing the characteristic vascular lesions observed in the controls.
INHIBITION OF OXYTOCIN-INDUCED LABOUR IN RABBITS WITH VARIOUS GESTAGENS
Authors: Fuchs Fritz , Koch Finn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone, 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone, allylestrenol, 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone, and 6-dehydro-retroprogesterone were given parenterally as oily solutions to pregnant rabbits at various periods of time before induction of labour with oxytocin, 30 days + 6 hours after conception. In the inhibition of induced labour, 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone was found to be between 10 and 100 times as active as progesterone, 6-dehydro-retroprogesterone was almost as active as progesterone, while 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone and allylestrenol were ineffective in the doses given. When allylestrenol was given during the last few days before term to prolong gestation, it was found less effective than progesterone and much less effective than 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone.
GROWTH INHIBITION OF SARCOMA 180 BY HORMONE ANTISERA AND 5-FLUOROURACIL
Authors: Anigstein Ludwik , Anigstein Dorothy M. , Rennels Edward G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Somatotrophic hormone antisera (STHAS) were prepared by the immunization of rabbits with purified bovine or human STH. The capacity of these antiserum preparations to inhibit the growth of experimental animal tumours was tested by giving daily injections to young Swiss mice bearing implants of Sarcoma 180. A significant inhibitory action of both bovine and human STHAS on the growth of Sarcoma 180 tumours was shown. This inhibitory effect was more marked in mice which had been inoculated at birth with the antiserum which was later injected during the period of tumour growth. The use of somatotrophic hormone antiserum treatment in combination with 5-fluorouracil proved to be somewhat more effective than the 5-FU alone. It was concluded that somatotrophic hormone antiserum offers promise as a tumour inhibitory agent and as adjuvant in carcino-therapy.
EFFECT OF RABBIT ANTISERUM TO SHEEP PITUITARY INTERSTITIAL-CELL STIMULATING HORMONE IN ADULT FEMALE RATS
Authors: Bourdel Geneviève , Li Choh Hao 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rabbit antiserum to sheep pituitary interstitial-cell stimulating hormone was shown to counteract the endogenous interstitial-cell stimulating hormone of adult female rats. The occurrence of oestrus was prevented when the antiserum was injected 36 hours before the expected time of ovulation. The treatment had also a striking effect on the ovary, uterus and vagina, as evidenced by histological examinations.
THE PROBLEM OF SPECIFICITY IN SEROLOGIC DETERMINATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Brody Sam , Carlström Gun 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rabbit antisera, prepared against a commercial, highly purified preparation of human chorionic gonadotrophin, have been examined with regard to their serologic specificity. Analyses were carried out using procedures of immunodiffusion and complement fixation. Heterogeneity of the immune system is confirmed, and the distribution and serological relationship of unspecific antigens in urine and serum examined. The effect of various methods on the elimination of unspecific antibodies is shown. The implications of these findings on the immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotrophin in body fluids are discussed.
ÉTUDE DE L'ACTIVITÉ BIOLOGIQUE IN VITRO DES HORMONES GONADOTROPES
Authors: Gospodarowicz D. , Legault-Démare J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Temperature has been shown to have a profound effect on the incorporation of 14C acetate into steroids by rat corpus luteum in vitro. The variations of temperature affected to a different extent the labelling of progesterone and androstenedione.
Differences were also found between cyclic and pseudopregnancy corpora lutea studied at different temperatures and stimulated or not by pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) in vitro.
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that progesterone and androstenedione are synthesized through different pathways. They also suggest that lactogenic hormone stimulates specifically the synthesis of androstenedione.
URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTRONE IN THE SOW AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRADIOL-17β
Authors: Lunaas Torleiv 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestradiol-17β was administered intramuscularly in the sow and a major urinary metabolite identified as oestrone. As determined by the method of Brown (1955) urinary excretion of oestradiol remained low as compared to the excretion of oestrone.
The implication of this finding as to the excretion of oestrone normally found in the sow under physiological conditions is discussed.
DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON ALDOSTERON, NATRIUM UND KALIUM NACH FORTLAUFENDER HOHER PROGESTERONGABE
Authors: Stark G. , Kossmann H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To clarify the role played by the increased production of progesterone in the increased excretion of aldosterone in pregnancy, the following experiment was undertaken:
During a period ranging from 6–10 days, nine women after a 2–3 day pre-test period, received daily injections of 100–200 mg of progesterone intravenously. During the test, in which the patients' NaCl intake was kept constant at 1–8 g per day, the aldosterone, sodium and potassium excretion was determined.
From the third to the seventh day after progesterone administration, the aldosterone excretion was abnormally high (11–14 μg per day) in only three instances. The remaining cases examined were unchanged.
In only a few cases after progesterone was a sodium diuresis observed. The results obtained are discussed.
STOFFWECHSEL VON 16-OXO-1 7β-ÖSTRADIOL BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Beling C. G. , Breuer J. A. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol were isolated from urine after intramuscular injection of 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol. When 10 mg of 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol was administered to two normal men, the total excretion in urine amounted to 2.45 mg and 1.25 mg oestriol respectively, and to 0.33 mg and 0.36 mg 16-epi-oestriol respectively. From these results it is concluded that the metabolic reduction of 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol yields more oestriol than 16-epi-oestriol.
FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR AN OVARIAN SOURCE OF URINARY PREGNANETRIOL
Authors: Burger H. G. , Sommerville I. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary steroid excretion and vaginal cytology were studied in a 31-year old adrenalectomised female during and after the administration of human pituitary gonadotrophin (with predominantly F.S.H. activity), and corticotrophin.
A significant increase (to about 4 times the basal values) in the daily output of 17β-oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol was observed with gonadotrophin injection and a withdrawal bleeding occurred four days after the end of the ovarian stimulation.
These observations are added proof of the existence of an ovarian precursor for pregnanetriol (5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol).
A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PROGESTERONE IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Sommerville Ian F. , Pickett Mary T. , Collins William P. , Denyer Diane C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A more sensitive and less complicated chemical method has been evolved for the quantitative determination of progesterone in 5–10 ml samples of human plasma. The method is suitable for application to peripheral blood levels at all stages of pregnancy and may be applied to the study of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The sensitivity, accuracy, precision and specificity of the method are discussed.
THE EFFECTS OF SEX STEROIDS ON THE PROLACTIN CONTENT OF HYPOPHYSES AND SERUM IN RATS
Authors: Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prolactin determinations have been carried out on the hypophyses and serum of rats. It was found that:
Hypophyses of intact mature female rats contain almost twice as much prolactin as those of mature female rats spayed two months previously. The pituitary prolactin content in these spayed female rats is virtually identical with that of intact or castrated mature male rats. Treatment of intact mature female rats with oestradiol benzoate (50 μg daily for one week) considerably increases the prolactin content in the hypophyses and serum. Treatment of spayed mature female rats with sex steroids for two weeks shows that:
oestradiol benzoate (50 μg daily) increases the prolactin content in the hypophyses and serum; testosterone propionate (2 mg daily) also increases the prolactin content in the hypophyses and serum, although the increases found were smaller than those obtained with the above-mentioned dose of oestradiol; progesterone (5 mg daily) did not significantly alter the pituitary prolactin content, whereas a highly suggestive increase was found in the serum content.
From the results it was concluded that:
Physiological amounts of androgens do not affect the prolactin function of the hypophysis, whereas physiological amounts of oestrogens do affect it. All three sex steroids investigated increase prolactin production in and secretion from the hypophysis. A negative feedback seems to be absent.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CATABOLISM OF ANDROGENS IN NORMAL AND HIRSUTE WOMEN
Authors: Pesonen S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of 123 fractionation analyses of 17-ketosteroids are presented. The control series consisted of 16 healthy women in the fertile age and 14 women with amenorrhoea without hirsutism. The results of analysis in these two control series were compared with the results in a series of 60 patients with amenorrhoea and hirsutism. Corticotrophin and choriongonadotrophin tolerance tests were performed on some of the patients.
A statistically significant increase of the dehydroepiandrosterone excretion was evident only in cases of adrenal dysfunction. Increased DHA excretion is due to a deficiency of 3β-hydroxy-dehydrogenase or to a disturbed enzyme function. Hirsutism is due to DHA.
Some patients with hypertrichosis and the Stein-Leventhal syndrome had an elevated epiandrosterone excretion. The change was statistically significant. The increased epiandrosterone excretion was a sign of the typical male phenomenon, which promotes the synthesis or activation of some enzyme or cofactor necessary for the 3β-oriented reduction of the 3-ketone. Hirsutism is due to a typical male reductase system.
EFFECT OF NOR-ADRENALINE ON THE RESPONSE OF THE THYROID TO THYROTROPHIC HORMONE
Authors: Földes J. , Krasznai I. , Megyesi K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has been shown that the combination of thyrotrophin and nor-adrenaline – each in a dose which is ineffective when given alone – increases the amount of the PB131I in the plasma of the thyroid vein. The enhancing effect of nor-adrenaline was clearly observed when the thyroid-stimulating dose of TSH was fixed at a suboptimal level, which did not make the thyroid respond to the full limits of its functional capacity. Under the experimental conditions described, it appears reasonable to assume a functional synergism between TSH and nor-adrenaline.
TOXIC ADENOMA OF THE THYROID, WITH TRIIODOTHYRONINE AS THE PRINCIPAL CIRCULATING THYROID HORMONE
Authors: Shimaoka Katsutaro 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of toxic uninodular goiter in a patient whose major circulating thyroid hormone had the chromatographic characteristics of triiodothyronine is reported. In reviewing the small number of triiodothyronine-secreting patients reported so far, it is apparent that they constitute a very heterogeneous group. However, they had several features in common: normal PBI, high conversion ratio, warm or hot tissue on scintigram, and relative freedom from thyrotoxicity. Although the circulating levels of triiodothyronine reported in these patients would be expected to lead to manifestations of hyperthyroidism, this diagnosis was made in only half of them, and none were severely toxic.
EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTICOID REPLACEMENT ON BILE ACID CONJUGATION IN BILE FISTULA RATS
Authors: Hellström Kjell , Strand Ove 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bile fistula bile from male normal, sham-operated, adrenalectomized and cortisone substituted adrenalectomized rats was analyzed for free and conjugated bile acids. 40–50 per cent of the bile acids from adrenalectomized rats were conjugated with glycine as compared to less than 10 per cent in the other groups. The cortisone substituted adrenalectomized rats showed a lower glycine conjugation than normal rats. In the bile from adrenal-ectomized rats, free cholic acid corresponding to 2–5% of the conjugated bile acids was detected. In the bile from the other groups less than 1% of free cholic acid was found. The mechanism responsible for the abnormal conjugation pattern found in adrenalectomized rats is discussed.
EFFECT OF HEAVY MUSCULAR WORK ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE RAT TESTIS
Authors: Härkönen M. , Kontinen E. , Kormano M. , Niemi M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of short- and long-term muscular work on the Leydig cells of the rat was studied. The rats were allowed to run in a rotating wire cylinder for various periods. The amount of stress was evaluated by the involution of the thymus, ulceration of the gastric mucosa, enlargement of adrenal glands and their lipid and catecholamine contents.
After a short-term experiment, periods of 16 + 10 hours' running with rest for 10 hours in between, accessory genital organs were slightly involuted 4 to 8 days following the stress. The testes were histologically and histochemically intact. Similar results were obtained after a long-term experiment, comprising continuous daily running for 10 hours over a period of 12 days. In a progressive long-term experiment, viz. daily running until exhaustion for 14 days, temporary degeneration of the Leydig cells occurred: the percentage of interstitial tissue and the size of the nuclei of the Leydig cells diminished and the number of degenerating Leydig cells significantly increased. Oxidative enzyme activity was markedly suppressed. DPN-diaphorase and β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity were very markedly decreased. The involution of the accessory genital organs was more pronounced than in the two former experiments. All these phenomena reverted to normal within ten days. In every experiment the seminiferous tubules remained histologically normal.
CONJUGATED OESTROGENS. II
Authors: Kushinsky Stanley , Tang Jane (Wu) 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the extraction and separation of free and conjugated oestrogens in urine. Celite 545, a diatomaceous earth, is coated with a high molecular weight secondary amine (Amberlite LA-1, Rohm and Haas, Phila., Pa.) and is used as a chromatographic support for the separation of various free and conjugated oestrogens in urine and in extracts of urine. Elution is carried out with extremely dilute acids. Optimum separation was obtained with a column of Celite coated with LA-1 (formate) in which the conjugated oestrogens in a concentrated extract of urine were eluted with a linear gradient (in the mixing chamber) of formic acid (pH 3.10 to 5.04).
EFFECT OF ADRENAL HORMONES ON BILE FLOW IN ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Kuusisto A. N. , Telkkä Antti 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of the administration of cortisone, cortisol and adrenaline on the previously observed, decreased secretion of bile in adrenalectomized rats was studied. The bile was collected by cannulation from the choledochus. The bile flow was completely restored by the administration of cortisone or cortisol, whereas adrenaline was ineffective in this respect. The denervation of adrenal medulla in control animals did not alter the bile output. The results indicate that the decreased bile output in adrenalectomized rat is mainly due to the absence of corticoid hormones.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ERGOCORNINE (ERGOTOXINE) INTERFERENCE WITH DECIDUALIZATION AND NIDATION: II.
Authors: Shelesnyak M. C. , Barnea Ayalla 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to localize the site of the pregnancy-interrupting-action of ergocornine, the drug was applied directly to the ovary, uterus and hypophysis of the pregnant or pseudopregnant rat in which the uterus was undergoing decidualization. Ergocornine was applied in the following vehicles: Carbowax '4000', C. M. C., ascorbic acid, and ethanol, in doses which when administered systemically are not effective. We failed to elicit the usual response to ergocornine by topical application of the drug to these organs. There was no instance of the usual post-ergocornine appearance of oestrus, nor any interference with uterine decidualization in the pregnant or pseudopregnant rat. We have been forced to assume that the ergocornine does not act as such but that a degradation or metabolic transformation is required at a site other than the »target« organs. The liver is suspected as this site and is being examined.