bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and comparison of very high pressure liquid chromatography systems for the separation and validation of pharmaceutical compounds
Authors: Cunliffe Jennifer M. , Adams‐Hall Sharee B. , Maloney Todd D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChromatography using sub‐2 μm particles is becoming increasingly popular due to the potential for increased speed, resolution, sensitivity, and peak capacity. To meet the demand, various vendors have re‐engineered traditional LC systems to operate at pressures of up to 15 000 psi to accommodate the elevated backpressures associated with using sub‐2 μm particles. This report investigates and compares the performance of three very high pressure LC (VHPLC) systems: Waters Acquity, Agilent 1200 SL, and Thermo Accela. Specifications for the pump, autosampler, column compartment, detector, and software for each instrument are presented. To assess the chromatographic performance of the three instruments, method development and validation were performed for three pharmaceutical compounds and the results are compared and discussed. The material presented herein serves to highlight the different features of the VHPLC instruments, and assess their suitability for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds.
Comparison of sub‐2‐μm particle columns for fast metabolite ID
Authors: Walles Markus , Gauvin Caroline , Morin Pierre‐Emmanuel , Panetta Rosemarie , Ducharme Julie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe use of sub‐2‐μm particle columns for fast high throughput metabolite ID applications was investigated. Three LC‐MS methods based on different sub‐2‐μm particle size columns using the same analytical 3 min gradient were developed (Methods A, B, and C). Method A was comprised of a 1.8 μm particle column coupled to an MS, methods B and C utilized a 1.7 μm particle column (BEH 50×2.1 mm2id) and 1.8 μm particle column coupled to a Q‐TOF MS. The precision and the separation efficiency of the methods was compared with repeated standard injections (N= 10) of reference compounds verapamil (VP), propranolol, and fluoxetine. Separation efficiency and MS/MS spectral quality were also evaluated for separation and detection of VP and its two major metabolites norverapamil (NVP) andO‐demethylverapamil (ODMVP) in human‐liver microsomal incubates. Results show that 1.8 μm particle columns show similar performance for separation of VP and its major metabolites and comparable spectral quality in MSEmode of the Q‐TOF instrument compared to 1.7 μm particle columns. Additionally, the study also confirmed that sub‐2‐μm particle size columns can be operated with standard analytical HPLC but that performance is maximized by integrating column in UPLC method with reduced void volumes. All the methods are suitable for the determination of major metabolites for compounds with high metabolic turnover. The high throughput metabolite profile analysis using 384‐well plate format of up to 48 compounds in incubates of human‐liver microsomes was discussed.
Being responsible: Boards are reexamining the bottom line
Authors: Kakabadse Andrew P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMore and more companies, especially in Europe, are shifting their myopic view of the financial bottom line to embrace an approach called corporate social responsibility, which proposes that companies' policies, practices, and decisions should take into account not only financial performance but also the social and environmental consequences of company activities. A recent study examined how boards of directors of companies around the world view CSR, which has gained such prominence that it is now firmly entrenched as a critical item on board agendas.
Physical and Electrochemical Properties of PVdF‐HFP/SiO2‐Based Polymer Electrolytes Prepared Using Dimethyl Acetamide Solvent and Water Non‐Solvent
Authors: Kim Kwang Man , Kim Jin‐Chul , Ryu Kwang Sun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPoly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene]/SiO2 polymer electrolytes were prepared by a phase inversion technique using DMAc solvent and water non‐solvent. Cast film electrolytes filled with the same amount of SiO2 using DMAc were also made to compare physical and electrochemical properties. DMAc had a higher solubility to PVdF‐based polymers than NMP, and DMAc produced highly porous structures with bigger cavities and influenced the reduction of crystallinity. Due to the highly porous nature of phase inversion membranes, the uptake of electrolyte solution reached more than 400% and room‐temperature ionic conductivity was more than 10−3 S · cm−1. All of the liquid absorbed, however, did not necessarily contribute to increases in ionic conductivity. This was due to the different conduction modes of lithium cations in a complicated porous structure. Comprehensively optimizing all the properties measured, the phase inversion membrane electrolytes with 10–30 wt.‐% SiO2 were the best candidates for use as the polymer electrolyte of lithium rechargeable batteries.magnified image
Creep Resistant Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yang Jinglei , Zhang Zhong , Friedrich Klaus , Schlarb Alois K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPoly(propylene) (PP) nanocomposites filled with shorter‐ and longer‐aspect‐ratio multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were compounded using a twin‐screw extruder and an injection moulding machine. It is shown that with only 1 vol.‐% of MWNTs, creep resistance of PP can be significantly improved with reduced creep deformation and creep rate at a long‐term loading period. Additionally, the creep lifetime of the nanocomposites has been considerably extended by 1 000% compared to that of a neat PP. Three possible mechanisms of load transfer were considered that could contribute to the observed enhancement of creep resistance, which are: (1) fairly good interfacial strength between MWNTs and polymer matrix, (2) increasing immobility of amorphous regions due to nanotubes acting as restriction sites, and (3) high aspect ratio of MWNTs. DSC results showing crystallinity changes in the specimens before and after creep deformation present evidence to confirm these mechanisms. Our results should lead to improved grades of creep resistant polymer nanocomposites for engineering applications.magnified image
New Monomers Tailored for Direct Electrografting onto Carbon in Water
Authors: Cécius Michaël , Jérôme Robert , Jérôme Christine 
Published: April 2007

AbstractElectrografting, which is an electropolymerization technique dedicated to the chemisorption of polyacrylates onto conductive surfaces, was actively studied in anhydrous organic media until now. This communication aims at extending this technique to aqueous media for the grafting of polyacrylates onto carbon. The key criterion for the successful electrografting under these not very demanding experimental conditions (water vs. anhydrous organic solvents) is the use of amphiphilic acrylic monomers. The impact of the chemical structure of these new monomers on the coating properties was investigated. Composition of the coatings was analyzed by FT‐IR ATR and XPS, whereas film thickness and morphology were analyzed by ellipsometry and AFM, respectively.magnified image
Solvent Resistant Honeycomb Films from Photo‐Crosslinkable Polycinnamate
Authors: Karthaus Olaf , Hashimoto Yuichi , Kon Kenichi , Tsuriga Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMicroporous films consisting of two‐dimensionally ordered void structures ‐ so‐called honeycomb films ‐ were produced by evaporation of polymer solutions under high humidity. Two types of poly(vinyl cinnamate)s were used: A newly synthesized amphiphilic poly(vinyl cinnamate) and a mixture of a commercial poly(vinyl cinnamate) and an amphiphilic polyion complex. Photo‐crosslinking of the honeycomb structure could be achieved by UV irradiation while completely retaining the film morphology. The crosslinked films showed excellent stability against organic solvents.magnified image
Homogenization of elliptic problems with the Dirichlet and Neumann conditions imposed on varying subsets
Authors: Calvo‐Jurado Carmen , Casado‐Díaz Juan , Luna‐Laynez Manuel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behaviour of the solution un of a linear elliptic equation posed in a fixed domain Ω. The solution un is assumed to satisfy a Dirichlet boundary condition on Γn, where Γn is an arbitrary sequence of subsets of ∂Ω, and a Neumman boundary condition on the remainder of ∂Ω. We obtain a representation of the limit problem which is stable by homogenization and where it appears a generalized Fourier boundary condition. We also prove a corrector result. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Floating ladder track response to a steadily moving load
Authors: Hosking Roger J. , Milinazzo Fausto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFloating ladder rail tracks, which can significantly reduce traffic vibration and noise, have already been installed at several railway sites in and around Tokyo. The steel rails are fixed onto successive ladder‐like sections with two parallel longitudinal reinforced concrete sleepers, which are then mounted upon discrete resilient supports on a concrete bed. A simple mathematical model in which a continuous horizontal Bernoulli–Euler beam on periodic discrete elastic supports represents each floating ‘combined rail’ (i.e. rail and longitudinal sleeper), used earlier to discuss the low‐frequency free vibrations in the system, is again adopted to investigate the response due to a steadily moving load. We demonstrate that Fourier transforms can be invoked to obtain the forced deflexion, which depends upon the load speed. A contribution from the periodic supports
determines the steady component of the deflexion moving with the load, and the other contributions from the supports produce oscillations. As is the case for a load moving over a beam or plate with continuous support, the response may be characterized using the free flexural wave dispersion relation—although there is now a countably infinite number of dispersion curves, corresponding to the existence of propagation bands in the periodic structure. The lowest wavenumber local minimum in the phase speed (coincident with the group speed) defines the primary critical load speed of most interest, at which the magnitude of the steady component accompanying the moving load becomes large. This primary critical load speed depends upon the relative elasticity of the discrete supports, which must not be too low if the floating ladder track is to be safe for fast rail systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix representations associated with collocation methods for Cauchy singular integral equations
Authors: Junghanns P. , Rost K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe prove representations for the coefficient matrices of the linear systems which occur by applying certain collocation methods to Cauchy singular integral equations. These representations use fast discrete trigonometric transforms and give the possibility to design fast algorithms for solving the respective collocation equations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cucurbitane triterpenoids from Momordica charantia
Authors: Li Qing‐Yan , Chen Hu‐Biao , Liu Zhen‐Ming , Wang Bin , Zhao Yu‐Ying 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThree new cucurbitane‐type triterpenoid saponins, 23‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐5β,19‐epoxycucurbita‐6,24‐diene‐3β,22(S),23(S)‐triol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), 23‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐5β,19‐epoxycucurbita‐6,24‐diene‐3β,22(S),23(S)‐triol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (2), and 23‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐5β,19‐epoxycucurbita‐6,24‐diene‐3β,19(R), 22(S),23(S)‐tetraol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (3), named momordicoside M, N, and O, respectively, along with one known saponin momordicoside L (4), were isolated from the fresh fruits of Momordica charantia. The structures of these saponins were elucidated on the basis of chemical properties and spectral data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of interactions between silane coupling agents and cellulose fibers with liquid and solid‐state NMR
Authors: Salon Marie‐Christine B. , Gerbaud Guillaume , Abdelmouleh M. , Bruzzese Cécile , Boufi Sami , Belgacem Mohamed N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe hydrolysis of three alkoxy‐silane coupling agents, γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MPS), γ‐aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APS), and γ‐diethylenetriaminopropyl trimethoxy silane (TAS), was carried out in ethanol/water solutions (80/20 w/w) at different pH values and followed by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Acidic media were found to stabilize the hydrolyzed forms. As expected, the formation of silanol groups was followed by their self‐condensation to generate oligomeric structures, yielding, ultimately, solid homopolycondensated structures, as analyzed by 29Si and 13C high‐resolution solid‐state NMR. Hydrolyzed MPS in acidic media was then successfully adsorbed onto a cellulose surface and the ensuing substrates submitted to thermal treatment at 110–120 °C under reduced pressure, in order to create covalent bonds between cellulose and the coupling agent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the malate‐aluminum(III) complex using 1H and 27Al NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Tashiro Mitsuru , Furihata Kazuo , Fujimoto Takashi , Machinami Tomoya , Yoshimura Etsuro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStructural elucidation of a malate‐aluminum(III) complex has been carried out using 1H and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. The 1H chemical shift perturbation clearly indicated the interaction between malate and Al(III) ion. The measurements of 27Al NMR and 1H13C HSQC spectra demonstrated that the major form of a complex comprised two equivalent malate ions and two unequivalent Al(III) ions. With this constraint, an equilibrium geometry of the complex was proposed by a semi‐empirical molecular orbital calculation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transmission line modelling (TLM) method for steady‐state convection–diffusion
Authors: Kennedy Alan , O'Connor William J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper describes how the lossy transmission line modelling (TLM) method for diffusion can be extended to solve the convection–diffusion equation. The method is based on the correspondence between the convection–diffusion equation and the equation for the voltage on a lossy transmission line with properties varying exponentially over space. It is unconditionally stable and converges rapidly to highly accurate steady‐state solutions for a wide range of Peclet numbers from low to high. The method solves the non‐conservative form of the convection–diffusion equation but it is shown how it can be modified to solve the conservative form. Under transient conditions the TLM scheme exhibits significant numerical diffusion and numerical convection leading to poor accuracy, but both these errors go to zero as a solution approaches steady state. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of nonnutritive sucking on transcutaneous oxygen tension in noncrying, preterrn neonates
Authors: Burroughs Arlene K. , Asonye Udochukwu O. , Anderson‐Shanklin Gene C. , Vidyasagar Dhamapuri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpO2:) and sucking opportunities in noncrying, preterm neonates was investigated. Twenty‐six measurements of nonnutritive sucking and its relationship to tcpO2 were collected on 11 neonates who were monitored continuously for tcpO2. Of the 26, 10 sets of measurements were recorded on 6 neonates receiving assisted ventilation, and 16 were recorded on 4 neonates breathing room air. One neonate was measured one time on assisted ventilation and two times breathing room air. The design consisted of three 8‐minute time periods: pretreatment, treatment (sucking opportunities). and posttreatment. There was a significant relationship between the pretreatment‐treatment and treatment‐posttreatment tcpO2 levels (both at p < .01). These results suggest that sucking facilitates more adequate oxygenation in noncrying, preterm neonates.
Altering patients' responses to surgery: An extension and replication
Authors: Johnson Jean E. , Fuller Sarah S. , Endress M. Patricia , Rice Virginia H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study of 58 cholecystectomy and 57 herniorrhaphy patients was designed to determine the reliability of the effects of preoperative preparation on postoperative recovery that were observed in a previous study. The preoperative preparation consisted of information that focused on the typical subjective sensory experiences of surgical patients in combination with instruction in postoperative exercises. The effects of prehospital admission preparation, restatement postoperatively of preparatory information, and adding temporal orienting information to the preparatory information on postoperative course were also examined. The main results of the original study were replicated. In the cholecystectomy sample, the preoperative information intervention significantly reduced length of postoperative hospitalization and length of time posthospital discharge before patients ventured from home. Temporal orienting information reduced feelings of helplessness postoperatively in the cholecystectomy sample. Consistent with the original study, only trends for effects were observed in the herniorrhaphy sample.
Effects of thermal applications on the abdominal temperature of rats
Authors: Martinson Ida M. , Anderson Steven E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe results of thermal applications to the abdomens of restrained, unanesthetized rats are reported. A silicone envelope through which water at 0. 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50°C circulated was applied while skin surface, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and colonic temperatures were measured. Pad applications at 0°C significantly lowered tissue temperature at all four locations measured. Pad applications at 10 and 20°C significantly lowered skin surface, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal temperatures. Pad applications at 30°C significantly lowered skin surface and subcutaneous temperatures. Pad applications at 40 and 50°C significantly increased skin surface and subcutaneous temperatures, and applications at 50°C also increased intraperitoneal temperature. lntraperitoneal and colonic temperatures were insignificantly affected by pad applications of 30 and 40°C, and colonic temperatures were not significantly altered by any thermal application other than that at 0°C. The findings indicate that application of mild heat or cold (30–40°C) to the abdominal skin of the rat does not alter deep abdominal temperatures, indicating no deep vasomotor response to these thermal applications. The question can be raised whether these results suggest that a similar response may occur in humans.
Fatigue in the patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hart Laura K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThree hundred thirty‐five multiple sclerosis patients and 30 healthy persons completed a questionnaire retrospectively about their fatigue experiences throughout a usual day. Using a Type I design (Lindquist, 1956) to analyze differences in daily fatigue feelings, five subject groups (four patient groups with different levels of mobility and one healthy control group) were compared. A significant difference in the degree of fatigue feelings felt by the groups was found. The patients with multiple sclerosis, regardless of mobility level, experienced more severe feelings of fatigue throughout the day than did the healthy subjects. Also, the less mobile groups experienced more severe levels of fatigue. No significant difference was noted in the patterns of the five groups' fatigue progression. No significant differences in types of fatigue symptoms were found between the subject groups. The following characteristics were more apparent in the patient groups than in the healthy subjects when fatigued: () disease symptoms appeared to be accentuated and () there were greater indications of emotional stress.
The need for a practice theory as indicated by the knowledge used in the conduct of practice
Authors: Beckstrand Jan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBy examining the knowledge used in the conduct of practice, the knowledge required for practice can be shown to be completely reducible to science, ethics, and logic. Consequently, all notions of a practice theory in nursing are likely to represent some combination of these kinds of knowledge. As a result, no need for a practice theory exists.
Postpartum Perceptions of Touch Received During Labor
Authors: Penny Karen S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn exploratory study using interviews of 150 postpartum women was done to determine their perceptions of the touch they received during labor. Data were analyzed for the subjects' overall perceptions of being touched during labor and for their positive and negative touch experiences. Significant differences in age, race, and marital status were found between subjects who perceived touch as negative and those who perceived touch as positive. Significant differences were also found between descriptions of positive and negative touch experiences with regard to who touched the subject, what part of the body was touched, and the effect of touch on the subject in coping with labor. Implications for nursing care are discussed.
The Use of Verbal and Tactile Comfort to Alleviate Distress in Young Hospitalized Children
Authors: Triplett June L. , Arneson Sara W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis exploratory study was designed to observe distressed children's responses to verbal and tactile comfort measures. A convenience sample of 63 children between 3 days and 44 months old was drawn from a pediatric unit of a large midwestern hospital. On a random basis, one group of children received verbal, comfort measures for 5 minutes or until they quieted, whichever came first. At the end of 5 minutes, tactile comfort was added if the children were still distressed. The other group received simultaneous tactile‐verbal comfort from the beginning. One hundred interventions were carried out on the 63 children. Forty interventions were initially verbal and 60 were tactile‐verbal. Among the verbal group, 7 of the interventions were successful in quieting the children as compared to 53 successes of 60 interventions in the tactile‐verbal group. This was a highly significant difference. Verbal interventions were more successful for children over 1 year old and tactile comfort was least effective with children in the 13 to 18 month age group. No differences were noted in terms of sex, presence of equipment including restraints, diagnosis, and recency of last feeding.
Development of an Instrument to Measure Exercise of Self‐care Agency
Authors: Kearney Barbara Y. , Fleischer Barbara J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure a person's exercise of self‐care agency. Reliability and validity were established. Content validity was established through a rating of each item of the questionnaire by five nursing experts practicing under the self‐care concept. The Adjective Check List and Rotter's Internal‐External Locus of Control of Reinforcement Scale were used in establishing construct validity. Subjects consisted of 84 associate degree nursing students and 153 psychology students. Results showed (a) a positive correlation of self‐confidence, achievement, and intraception with exercise of self‐care agency and (b) a negative correlation between abasement and exercise of self‐care agency. The test‐retest reliability was .77 for the nursing students; split‐half reliabilities were .80 and .81, respectively, for the first and second testings of the nursing students, and .77 for the psychology students.