bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple‐ and Hop‐Polyphenols Protect Periodontal Ligament Cells Stimulated With Enamel Matrix Derivative From Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Inaba Hiroaki , Tagashira Motoyuki , Kanda Tomomasa , Ohno Takashi , Kawai Shinji , Amano Atsuo 
Published: December 2005

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is a tissue regenerative agent used clinically as an adjunct to periodontal surgery. It was previously demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, significantly diminished the efficacy of EMD with periodontal ligament (PDL) cells through the proteolytic actions of Arg‐ and Lys‐gingipains (Rgp and Kgp). Thus, antiproteolytic supplements are considered clinically desirable for effective periodontal regenerative therapies. In the present study, we examined apple‐ (AP) and hop‐polyphenols to determine their ability to protect EMD‐stimulated PDL cells from P. gingivalis.Methods: AP, apple condensed tannin (ACT), hop bract polyphenol (HBP), high and low molecular weight fractions of HBP (HMW‐HBP and LMW‐HBP), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) were used. PDL cells were grown on EMD‐coated dishes and infected with P. gingivalis, and cellular migration and proliferation were evaluated with an in vitro assay of wound healing assay in the presence or absence of the polyphenols.Results: Each polyphenol significantly enhanced the viability of PDL cells infected with P. gingivalis, whereas only EGCg demonstrated cytotoxicity. Further, all polyphenols significantly inhibited Rgp activity, with AP, ACT, and HBP more effective toward Kgp. P. gingivalis markedly diminished the migration and proliferation of EMD‐stimulated PDL cells, whereas the addition of AP, ACT, HBP, and HMW‐HBP significantly protected the cells from bacterial cytotoxicity. In contrast, EGCg and LMW‐HBP did not show protective effects.Conclusion: These results suggest that AP, ACT, AP, HBP, and HMW‐HBP protect EMD‐stimulated PDL cells from P. gingivalis and may be therapeutically useful supplements for EMD therapy.
Relative Plaque Removal of Three Toothbrushes in a Nine‐Period Crossover Study
Authors: Terézhalmy Géza T. , Bartizek Robert D. , Biesbrock Aaron R. 
Published: December 2005

Background: This study measured the ability of three toothbrushes to remove plaque following three single brushing episodes with each toothbrush.Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, examiner‐blind, nine‐period crossover study conducted in 72 adult subjects over a 3‐month period that examined plaque removal with a rechargeable power toothbrush and two manual toothbrushes. During the course of this study, subjects brushed three times with each of the toothbrushes. Plaque was scored before and after brushing using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index.Results: Average baseline plaque scores were between 0.373 and 0.376 for the three treatment groups. The power toothbrush delivered an adjusted (via analysis of covariance) mean difference between baseline and post‐brushing plaque scores of 0.270, whereas the manual toothbrushes delivered adjusted mean differences of 0.211 (control ADA manual toothbrush) and 0.190 (experimental manual toothbrush). The power toothbrush demonstrated a statistically significantly greater reduction in plaque than the ADA reference manual toothbrush (P <0.001), which in turn had a statistically significantly greater reduction in plaque than the experimental manual toothbrush (P <0.001). The powered toothbrush group had, on average, 42.4% and 28.2% greater plaque removal scores than the experimental manual toothbrush and ADA reference manual toothbrush groups, respectively. Results for the interproximal and gingival regions also demonstrated statistically significantly (P <0.001) greater plaque removal for the powered toothbrush relative to the control manual toothbrushes.Conclusion: The powered toothbrush was found to deliver greater plaque removal by 42.4% and 28.2% compared to the control manual toothbrushes.
Effect of Cyclosporin A on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Gingiva of Rats
Authors: Gau Ching‐Hwa , Chou Tz‐Chong , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Shen E‐Chin , Nieh Shin , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Fu Earl 
Published: December 2005

Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of cyclosporin A (CsA)‐induced gingival overgrowth is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA on the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the gingival tissue of rats.Methods: Thirty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control and two test groups. Rats in each group received CsA (0, 10, or 30 mg/kg) daily by gastric feeding for 4 weeks. The plasma NO and the NOS enzyme activities were assayed at week 4 in the blood samples and in the gingiva and lung tissue specimens, respectively. The distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was further evaluated in tissues obtained from the gingiva and lung at the end of weeks 1 and 4 by immunohistochemistry.Results: In the CsA‐treated animals, increased levels of plasma nitrites/nitrates were measured in comparison to those in control rats. Significantly greater iNOS enzyme activities were detected in lung and gingival tissues obtained from CsA‐treated animals than from control animals. In addition, cells positively staining for iNOS were clearly observed in both gingival and lung tissues obtained from the CsA‐treated animals by immunohistochemistry, whereas a few stained cells were found in those from the control group. The quantity of cells positively stained for iNOS was greater in tissue from week 4 than week 1.Conclusions: The effect of CsA on gingival iNOS expression was evaluated in rats for 4 weeks. A greater iNOS expression in the gingiva was observed after CsA therapy by both enzyme activities and immunohistochemica staining. Therefore, we suggest that CsA can increase gingival iNOS expression, which may play an important role in cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Long‐Term Outcome Following Treatment of Multiple Miller Class I and II Recession Defects in Esthetic Areas of the Mouth
Authors: Zucchelli G. , De Sanctis M. 
Published: December 2005

Background: Multiple recession defects can be successfully treated using envelope‐type coronally advanced flaps. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term (5 years) stability of clinical outcomes achieved with the surgery and the association between patient variables and long‐term stability.Methods: Seventy‐three Miller Class I and II gingival recessions affecting 22 young, systemically healthy subjects were treated with coronally advanced flaps with no releasing incisions. All patients were instructed to perform a coronally directed roll technique to minimize the toothbrushing trauma to the gingival margin. The clinical reevaluation was made 1 year after the surgery. At this point, 13 patients took part in a supportive periodontal care program consisting of oral hygiene instructions, control of toothbrushing technique, and professional tooth cleaning every 4 months. The remaining nine patients did not participate and received only sporadic care by general dentists. At 5 years post‐surgery, all patients were reexamined.Results: At the 5‐year examination, 94% of the root surfaces initially exposed due to gingival recession were still covered with soft tissue, and 85% of the treated recession defects showed complete coverage. Complete root coverage in all recessions was maintained in 15 out of 22 patients (68%). The long‐term stability of the soft‐tissue margin in the treated sites was significantly influenced by the patient's regular participation in the recall program and the susceptibility to gingival recession in other areas of the mouth. A statistically significant increase of keratinized tissue (0.80 ± 0.64 mm) was observed between the 1‐ and 5‐year observation visits, and the average increase of keratinized tissue between the baseline and the 5‐year follow‐up amounted to 1.38 ± 0.90 mm. This increase was significantly affected by the baseline keratinized tissue (KT) and recession (REC) depth: in particular, the 5‐year increase in the amount of keratinized tissue was greater in sites with a greater recession depth and lower amount of keratinized tissue at baseline.Conclusions: 1) The successful root coverage results obtained with the coronally advanced flap for multiple recession defects were well maintained over the 4‐year observation period. 2) Negative patient characteristics such as a lack of compliance with a supportive care program and individual susceptibility to gingival recession were significantly associated with the recurrence in gingival recession. 3) The increase in keratinized tissue height that followed the coronally advanced flap procedure may be attributed to the tendency of the mucogingival line to regain its genetically determined position.
Cytomegalovirus‐Associated Periodontitis and Guillain‐Barré Syndrome
Authors: Tabanella Giorgio , Nowzari Hessam 
Published: December 2005

Background: Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system, is characterized by rapidly ascending neural paralysis, hyporeflexia, and areflexia. The polyneuropathy of the GBS affects one to four humans per 100,000 of the population annually throughout the world (adults and children). The pathogenesis of GBS remains unclear. However, there are increasing indications that the disease is triggered by a preceding well‐established febrile infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV). The present report describes active CMV within the periodontium of a 37‐year‐old patient affected by GBS.Methods: Real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) was performed to detect CMV, Epstein‐Barr virus‐1 (EBV‐1), herpes simplex 1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2) virus, and enteroviruses (polio‐, coxsackie‐, echo‐, and enteroviruses 68 and 71) from periodontal sites demonstrating advanced attachment loss. Healthy sites and sites with inflamed gingival tissue were not included in the study. Anaerobic bacterial culture determined the occurrence of potential major periodontal pathogens.Results: Real‐time RT‐PCR and microbiologic analysis revealed the presence of a dual infection of CMV and specific bacterial plaque. CMV, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Campylobacter species were associated with periodontitis active sites, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding. Furthermore, periodontal sites infected by active CMV had no visible radiographic crestal lamina dura.Conclusions: The periodontium may serve as a reservoir for CMV and a source of viral replication. However, further research is needed to test whether viral replication in the periodontium precedes the GBS symptoms.
Peripheral Odontogenic Keratocyst
Authors: Preston Rhonda D. , Narayana Nagamani 
Published: December 2005

Background: An odontogenic keratocyst can develop at virtually any site in the jaws and is of concern because of its aggressive clinical behavior. It represents 3% to 12% of all odontogenic cysts. This paper describes the rare peripheral presentation of an odontogenic keratocyst localized to the maxillary anterior gingiva and its differential diagnosis.Methods: A patient presented with a round yellow nodule on the maxillary gingiva between the left canine and first premolar. Clinical examination ruled out periapical abscess, periodontal abscess, and lateral periodontal cyst. A differential diagnosis included a gingival cyst, neuroma, neurilemoma, and mesenchymoma. The cyst ruptured during excisional biopsy revealing contents typical of an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). Histology confirmed the peripheral OKC diagnosis. A conservative surgical treatment was performed assuming a less aggressive clinical course for the peripheral odontogenic keratocyst. Close follow‐up was planned.Results: To our knowledge, only 13 cases of peripheral OKC have been reported in the literature. Presently it is unknown if the peripheral variant shares the aggressive clinical behavior and recurrence rate of intraosseous OKC.Conclusion: This paper may contribute to the limited clinical knowledge base for the peripheral odontogenic keratocyst and assist clinicians in the identification and management of such lesions.
Clinical, Genetic, and Biochemical Findings in Two Siblings With Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome
Authors: Cagli N. Arzu , Hakki Sema S. , Dursun Recep , Toy Hatice , Gokalp Alparslan , Ryu Ok Hee , Hart P. Suzanne , Hart Thomas C. 
Published: December 2005

Background: Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and severe periodontitis affecting both primary and secondary dentitions. Cathepsin C (CTSC) gene mutations are etiologic for PLS. The resultant loss of CTSC function is responsible for the severe periodontal destruction seen clinically.Methods: A 4‐year‐old female (case 1) and her 10‐year‐old sister (case 2) presented with palmoplantar skin lesions, tooth mobility, and advanced periodontitis. Based on clinical findings, the cases were diagnosed with PLS. Mutational screening of the CTSC gene was conducted for the cases, and their clinically unaffected parents and brother. Biochemical analysis was performed for CTSC, cathepsin G (CTSG), and elastase activity in neutrophils for all members of the nuclear family. The initial treatment included oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing, and systemic amoxicillin‐metronidazole therapy.Results: CTSC mutational screening identified a c.415G>A transition mutation. In the homozygous state, this mutation was associated with an almost complete loss of activity of CTSC, CTSG, and elastase. Although monthly visits, including scaling, polishing, and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate irrigation were performed to stabilize the periodontal condition, case 1 lost all her primary teeth. In case 2, some of the permanent teeth could be maintained.Conclusions: This report describes two siblings with a cathepsin C gene mutation that is associated with the inactivity of cathepsin C and several neutrophil serine proteases. The failure of patients to respond to periodontal treatment is discussed in the context of these biological findings.
Quantification of hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity in clinically normal cats
Authors: Drost William Tod , Henry George A. , Meinkoth James H. , Woods J. Paul , Lehenbauer Terry W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To quantitatively determine echogenicity of the liver and renal cortex in clinically normal cats.Animals—17 clinically normal adult cats.Procedure—3 ultrasonographic images of the liver and the right kidney were digitized from video output from each cat. Without changing the ultrasound machine settings, an image of a tissue-equivalent phantom was digitized. Biopsy specimens of the right renal cortex and liver were obtained for histologic examination. Mean pixel intensities within the region of interest (ROI) on hepatic, renal cortical, and tissue-equivalent phantom ultrasonographic images were determined by histogram analysis. From ultrasonographic images, mean pixel intensities for hepatic and renal cortical ROI were standardized by dividing each mean value by the mean pixel intensity from the tissue-equivalent phantom.Results—The mean (± SD) standardized hepatic echogenicity value was 1.06 ± 0.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.10). The mean standardized right renal cortical echogenicity value was 1.04 ± 0.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.08). The mean combined standardized hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity value was 1.02 ± 0.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Quantitative determination of hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity in cats is feasible, using histogram analysis, and may be useful for early detection of diffuse parenchymal disease and for serially evaluating disease progression. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1016–1020)
Concentrations of elastinolytic metalloproteinases in respiratory tract secretions of healthy horses and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Raulo Saara M. , Sorsa Timo A. , Maisi Päivi S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine whether samples of tracheal epithelial lining fluid (TELF) obtained from horses have elastinolytic activity characteristic of metalloproteinases, to compare elastinolytic activity in TELF obtained from healthy horses and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to determine whether chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) inhibits elastinolytic activity in TELF.Animals—10 horses with COPD and 10 healthy control horses.Procedure—Zymography and fluorometry were used to measure elastinolytic activity, and EDTA was used to inhibit elastinolytic activity and verify that the activity was attributable to metalloproteinases. Possible inhibition of elastinolytic activity with CMT-3 was studied in vitro.Results—Elastinolytic activity was found in TELF obtained from all horses, and this activity was significantly higher in TELF obtained from horses with COPD than in TELF obtained from healthy horses. For all samples, EDTA and CMT-3 inhibited elastinolytic activity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Elastinolytic activity is detectable in TELF obtained from horses and seems to be attributable to metalloproteinases. Elastinolytic activity in TELF is significantly inhibited by CMT-3. Elastinolytic activity in TELF can be detected by means of zymography or fluorometry. Increased elastinolytic activity may reflect destruction of pulmonary tissue in horses with COPD. Chemically modified tetracyclines such as CMT-3 may provide an additional treatment possibility for horses with COPD. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1067–1073)
Immunoglobulin isotypes in sera and nasal mucosal secretions and their neonatal transfer and distribution in horses
Authors: Sheoran Abhineet S. , Timoney John F. , Holmes Mark A. , Karzenski Stacey S. , Crisman Mark V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine concentrations of IgA and IgG subclasses in serum, colostrum, milk, and nasal wash samples of adult horses and foals.Animals—Seven 2-year-old Welsh ponies, 27 adult mixed-breed horses, and 5 Quarter Horse mares and their foals.Procedure—Serum was obtained from ponies and adult horses. Colostrum and milk were obtained from mares and serum and nasal wash samples from their foals immediately after parturition and on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 63. Nasal wash samples were also obtained from 23 adult horses. Concentrations of immunoglobulins were determined by use of inhibition ELISA. To determine transfer of maternal isotypes to foals, concentrations in colostrum and milk were compared with those in foal serum. Serum half-lives of isotypes in foals were also determined.Results—IgGb was the most abundant isotype in serum and colostrum from adult horses, whereas IgA was the predominant isotype in milk. The major isotype in nasal secretions of adult horses and foals ≥ 28 days old was IgA, but IgGa and IgGb were the major isotypes in nasal secretions of foals ≤ 14 days old. Serum half lives of IgGa, IgGb, IgG(T), and IgA in foals were 17.6, 32, 21, and 3.4 days, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The early immunoglobulin repertoire of neonatal foals comprised IgGa, IgG(T), and IgA; endogenous synthesis of IgGb could not be detected until 63 days after birth. The restricted repertoire of immunoglobulins in foals may influence humoral immune responses to vaccination. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1099–1105)
Molecular analysis of multidrug resistance in feline lymphoma cells
Authors: Okai Yoshiko , Nakamura Noriko , Matsushiro Haruka , Kato Hirotomo , Setoguchi Asuka , Yazawa Mitsuhiro , Okuda Masaru , Watari Toshihiro , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the mechanism of multidrug
resistance in feline lymphoma cell lines.

Sample Population—A feline lymphoma cell line
(FT-1) and its adriamycin (ADM)-resistant subline
(FT-1/ADM).

Procedures—The FT-1 cell line was cultivated in the
presence of a gradually increasing concentration of
ADM to generate its ADM-resistant subline
(FT-1/ADM). Susceptibility of cells from the parental
FT-1 cell line and the FT-1/ADM subline to antineoplastic
drugs was determined. From the complementary
DNA (cDNA) template of FT-1/ADM cells, feline
MDR1 cDNA was amplified by use of polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Reverse transcription
(RT)-PCR and Western blot analyses were
performed to assess expression of the MDR1 gene
and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in FT-1/ADM cells, compared
with that in FT-1 cells.

Results—A drug sensitivity assay revealed that
FT-1/ADM cells were much more resistant to ADM
and vincristine than the parental FT-1 cells. The feline
MDR1 cDNA amplified by use of PCR was 3,489
base pairs long, corresponding to approximately
90% of the whole open reading frame of human
MDR1 cDNA; its amino acid sequence was 91.5,
87.0, and 79.4% identical to that of human MDR1,
mouse mdr1a, and mdr1b cDNA, respectively. By
RT-PCR analysis, expression of MDR1 messenger
RNA was clearly detected in FT-1/ADM cells but not
in the parental FT-1 cells. Western blot analysis also
revealed the expression of P-gp encoded by the
MDR1 gene in FT-1/ADM cells but not in FT-1 cells.

Conclusions—The basic structure of the feline
MDR1 gene was essentially the same as that of multidrug-
resistance genes of other species. Expression
of P-gp appeared to be one of the mechanisms
responsible for the development of multidrug resistance
in feline lymphoma cell lines in vitro. (Am J Vet
Res 2000;61:1122–1127)
Inheritance of von Willebrand's disease in a colony of Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Riehl Joyce , Okura Mutsumi , Mignot Emmanuel , Nishino Seiji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the mode of inheritance of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and perform linkage analysis between vWD and coat color or narcolepsy in a colony of Doberman Pinschers.Animals—159 Doberman Pinschers.Procedure—von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) concentration was measured by use of ELISA, and results were used to classify dogs as having low (< 20%), intermediate (20 to 65%), or high (> 65%) vWF:Ag concentration, compared with results of analysis of standard pooled plasma. Buccal bleeding time was measured, and mode of inheritance of vWD was assessed by pedigree analysis.Results—von Willebrand's disease was transmitted as a single autosomal gene defect. Results suggested that 27.04% of dogs were homozygous for vWD, 62.26% were heterozygous, and 10.69% did not have the defect. Most homozygous and some heterozygous dogs had prolonged bleeding times. Dogs with diluted coat colors (blue and fawn) were significantly overrepresented in the homozygous group, compared with black and red dogs, but a significant link between vWD and coat color was not detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—von Willebrand's disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance; most dogs in this colony (89.3%) were carriers of vWD. Homozygosity for vWD is not likely to be lethal. Some heterozygous dogs have prolonged bleeding times. An association between diluted coat colors and vWD may exist. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:115–120)