bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereochemical Studies of the Electrolytic Reactions of Organic Compounds. Part 18. Comparative Study of Hydrogenation on Metal-black Cathodes and Catalysts
Authors: Nonaka Tsutomu , Takahashi Masahiko , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Stereoselective hydrogenation on metal-black cathodes and catalysts, which were prepared by electrode-position under the same conditions, was comparatively investigated. Stereoisomeric ratios of alcohols formed from the ketones on the Pd- and Pt-black cathodes seemed to be almost equal to those on the corresponding metal-black catalysts, while the yields were quite different between the cathodic and catalytic hydrogenations. On the other hand, results of the hydrogenation of the acetylenes on the cathodes were also different, in not only the yield but also the isomeric ratio, from those on the catalysts. In addition to stereoselectivity, relative hydrogenation rates between cis- and trans-olefins were compared in both the cathodic and catalytic hydrogenations. It was also found that a mercury pool cathode gave quite different stereochemical results in the hydrogenation of the unsaturated compounds from those obtained with either the metal-black cathodes or the catalysts.
Kinetic Pressure and Substituent Effects on the Thermal Isomerization of Triphenylformazans
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Nishimura Norio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the thermal isomerizations around N=N (Process A) and C=N (Process B) of substituted triphenylformazans were followed spectrophotometrically at various temperatures and under high pressures, and the activation parameters were determined. The values of the activation energy, entropy, and volume were found to be ca. 70 kJ mol−1, ca. −20 J K−1 mol−1, and ca. −5.0 cm3 mol−1 respectively for Process A, and ca. 40 kJ mol−1, ca. −200 J K−1 mol−1, and ca. −10 cm3 mol−1 respectively for Process B. It was suggested that the thermal isomerizations both for Processes A and B proceed by the inversion mechanism. Furthermore, in the transition state of Process B, a quasi six-membered ring was assumed to form. The very large negative entropy of Process B was discussed in terms of the restricted internal rotations, and others.
Preparation and Stereochemistry of Cobalt(III) Complexes with S-Alkyl-l-cysteinate, N,N′-Trimethylenebis(S-methyl-l-cysteinate), and S,S′-Ethylene(or -Trimethylene)bis(l-cysteinate)
Authors: Konno Takumi , Okamoto Ken-ichi , Hidaka Jinsai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Five cobalt(III) complexes of [Co(terdentate-N,S,O)2] and [Co(sexidentate-N2,S2,O2)] types were prepared; here terdentate-N,S,O denotes S-ethyl-l-cysteinate (l-sec) and S-benzyl-l-cysteinate (l-sbc), and sexidentate-N2,S2,O2 denotes N,N′-trimethylenebis(S-methyl-l-cysteinate) (l,l-tbsmc), S,S′-ethylenebis(l-cysteinate) (l,l-ebc), and S,S′-trimethylenebis(l-cysteinate) (l,l-tbc). Three isomers, trans(S), trans(N), and trans(O), were chromatographically isolated for each of the bis l-sec and l-sbc complexes, while only the trans(O) isomer was isolated for each of the l,l-tbsmc, l,l-ebc, and l,l-tbc complexes. These isomers were characterized from their absorption, CD, and 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The trans(O) isomers of the bis type and l,l-tbsmc complexes, which were assigned to a mixture of R(S),R(S), R(S),S(S), and S(S),S(S) configurations concerning the coordinated sulfur atoms, showed a similar CD spectral behavior to each other in the whole region. The trans(O)-R(S),R(S) l,l-ebc isomer and trans(O)-S(S),S(S) l,l-tbc one showed characteristic absorption and CD spectral behavior in the sulfur-to-metal charge transfer band region.
Reaction Process of Zirconium Tetrachloride with Ammonia in the Vapor Phase and Properties of the Zirconium Nitride Formed
Authors: Yajima Akimasa , Segawa Yutaka , Matsuzaki Ryoko , Saeki Yuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction products of gaseous ZrCl4 with ammonia were ZrCl4·2NH3 at 300 °C; ZrCl4·2NH3, ZrClN, and NH4Cl at 350–700 °C; ZrCl4·2NH3, ZrClN, ZrNx, Zr3N4, and NH4Cl at 750 °C; ZrClN, ZrNx, Zr3N4, and NH4Cl at 800–950 °C: ZrNx, Zr3N4, and NH4Cl at 1000–1050 °C; and ZrNx, NH4Cl, and HCl at 1100–1400 °C. The N/Zr atomic ratios, x, of the ZrNx formed was 1.28 at 1100 °C, 1.24 at 1200 °C, 1.18 at 1300 °C, and 1.12 at 1400 °C. The lattice constants of the ZrNx formed were shown. The reaction process of gaseous ZrCl4 with ammonia can be represented as follows: The reaction of gaseous ZrCl4 with ammonia to form ZrCl4·2NH3 occurs first. Above ca. 330 °C, the ZrCl4·2NH3 reacts with ammonia to form ZrClN. Above ca. 750 °C, the ZrClN reacts with ammonia to form ZrNx and Zr3N4. Above ca. 1000 °C, ZrNx. was also formed by the thermal decomposition of the Zr3N4. On heating the ZrNx(x=1.28), formed by the vapor-phase reaction, at temperatures higher than 700 °C in an argon atmosphere, the value of x decreased and became close to that of the stoichiometric nitride, being 1.03 at 1100–1300°C.
A Solid State Electrochemical Study on the 5,6 : 11,12-Bis(epidithio)naphthacene–Iodine and Bromine Complexes
Authors: Chino Eiji , Matsunaga Yoshio , Tanabe Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electromotive force (emf) measurements were made on solid-state galvanic cells, Ag|AgI|TTT–In, where TTT–In is the 5,6:11,12-bis(epidithio)naphthacene–iodine complex, as functions of the composition, n, and also of the temperature. A continuous increase in the emf at 25 °C from 491 to 593 mV was observed in the range from n=1.0 to 1.5, suggesting the occurrence of a nonstoichiometric phase. The upper limit of the existence region agrees with the composition of the well-known metallic phase. The emf changes again continuously up to 628 mV in the range from n=2.7 to 2.9, which corresponds with the composition of another highly-conducting complex. Similar measurements were carried out for the cells Ag|AgBr|TTT–Brn. Distinct phases were found at the following compositions: n=0.5–0.8, about 1, about 1.2, about 1.5, and about 2. The Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of cell reactions as well as complex formation reactions were estimated.
Product Distribution in Degradation of Polypropylene over Silica-Alumina and CaX Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Uemichi Yoshio , Kashiwaya Yasunori , Tsukidate Masaya , Ayame Akimi , Kanoh Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The composition of degradation products of polypropylene, especially liquid fraction, formed over silica-alumina and CaX zeolite catalysts was investigated extensively. The catalysts gave almost the same product distribution as a function of carbon number at the initial stages of the reaction. The liquid fractions were rich in the same isoalkanes and aromatics as those contained in the gasoline fraction. Most of the isoalkanes were methyl-branched, while the aromatics consisted mainly of those with one or more methyl groups. The catalytic degradations involved extensive aromatization, isomerization and hydrogen transfer as secondary reactions. The difference in catalytic behaviors between silica-alumina and CaX was most remarkable in coke deposition on the catalysts and more deposition on CaX led to greater saturation of the products. The H/C ratio of the products was regarded as a good measure for the degree of coke formation on the catalyst surfaces.
Colloidal Rhodium Dispersions Protected by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Hirai Hidefumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Refluxing of an aqueous solution of rhodium(III) chloride and α- or β-cyclodextrin, followed by further refluxing in the presence of ethanol, gives a colloidal dispersion of rhodium particles of 28 Å in diameter. The colloidal dispersion exhibits effective catalyses in hydrogena-tion of olefins at 30 °C under an atmospheric pressure.
A Photochemical Storage Battery with an n-GaP Photoelectrode
Authors: Yonezawa Yoshiro , Okai Makoto , Ishino Masato , Hada Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We have constructed a photochemical storage battery with an n-GaP Photoelectrode. A two-compartment cell, n-GaP|aqueous K3[Fe(CN6]–K4[Fe(CN)6||aqueous NiSO4|Pt, is capable of being charged by the irradiation of the photoelectrode. The current efficiency of nickel deposition on the storage electrode was 80%. When we drew electrical energy out of the dattery, the deposited nickel could act as a Ni electrode in the Ni2+ solution. The power efficiency of the storage battery amounted to about 2%. We could recharge the battery more than five times after discharge.
Microscopic Viscosity of the Interior Water Pool in Dodecylammonium Propionate Reversed Micelles
Authors: Tsujii Kaoru , Sunamoto Junzo , Fendler Janos H 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
13C-Chemical shifts and spin lattice relaxation times have been determined for dodecylammonium propionate/water/benzene or CCl4 reversed micelles and for [13C]glycine cosolubilized therein. Data obtained have been discussed in terms of the mobility of glycine molecules being effectively isolated from the surfactant headgroups by water molecules. The determined relaxation times of [13C]glycine in glycerol-water mixtures correlated well with the macroscopic and microscopic viscosities of the reversed micellar solution. In a relatively small water pool, the apparent viscosity of water surrounding glycine in the micelle (microviscosity) was corresponding to that of 78% aqueous glycerol solution. Increasing the size of water pool resulted in decrased microviscosities.
Particle Size of Nickel in Nickel–Alumina Catalysts and Its Effects on Propene Hydrogenation
Authors: Takai Yoriko , Ueno Akifumi , Kotera Yoshihide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The particle size of nickel in Ni/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by the alkoxide technique is well controlled by changing the metal concentration in the catalyst. The rate of propene hydrogenation over the catalyst increases with decrease in Ni particle size, and this phenomenon is explained on the assumption that nickel atoms located on edges and/or corners of crystallites may contribute predominantly to the hydrogenation of propene.
A Novel Synthesis of α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactones
Authors: Saimoto Hiroyuki , Nishio Koji , Yamamoto Hajime , Shinoda Masaki , Hiyama Tamejiro , Nozaki Hitosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method is reported for constructing α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety under neutral, anhydrous conditions. Olefin–dibromocarbene adducts were transformed into methyl 1-(dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates (3). Treatment of 3 with trimethylsilyl iodide followed by thermolytic distillation of the crude products gave α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones with high regio- and stereo selectivity.
The Conformational Analysis of 1-p-Tolyl-2-phenyl-1-propanols, 1-p-Tolyl-2-phenylethanol, and 1-p-Tolyl-2-phenyl-1-propanone by Means of NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kunieda Norio , Endo Hiroko , Hirota Minoru , Kodama Yoshio , Nishio Motohiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conformations of the diastereomers of 1-p-tolyl-2-phenyl-1-propanols[(RS⁄SR)-3 and (RR⁄SS)-3], 1-p-tolyl-2-phenylethanol (4), and 1-p-tolyl-2-phenyl-1-propanone (5) were studied by means of NMR spectroscopy, mostly with the aid of the computer-simulation of the lanthanoid-induced shifts. It has been suggested that the rotamers in which the tolyl group lies close to the phenyl group are preferred in the conformational equilibria of (RS⁄SR)-3, 4, and 5. For(RR⁄SS)-3, the most stable rotamer (in CDCl3) has been suggested to have the tolyl group anti to the phenyl group and gauche to the methyl group. The results have been discussed in view of the general occurrence of the folded conformation.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Addition of Iodine Monochloride to Alkenes in Acetic Acid
Authors: Amirtha Nagarajan , Viswanathan Seshaiyer , Ganesan Ramachandran 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A kinetic investigation of the addition of iodine monochloride (ICl) to some allyl and vinyl compounds in dry acetic acid medium has been carried out at 20,30,40, and 50 °C. In all the cases, the reaction obeys a total third order kinetics, second order in ICl and first order in the substrate. The product formed has been analysed by 1H NMR technique. The reaction stoichiometry was found to be 1:1. The formation of a 1:1 complex between an alkene and ICl has been established for the first time spectrophotometrically and the equilibrium constant evaluated. The effect of the addition of the chloride ion on the reaction rate has been studied. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters evaluated strongly suggest a mechanism involving dipole-dipole interaction with a bridged iodonium ion intermediate.
Enthalpies of Combustion of Organic Compouds. V. 3- and 4-Nitroanilines
Authors: Nishiyama Keiichi , Sakiyama Minoru , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Precision oxygen bomb combustion calorimetry was carried out for the title compounds in the crystalline states. Standard enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K for the crystalline and gaseous states were derived.
Excimer Formation and Phase Separation of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Bilayer Membranes
Authors: Kunitake Toyoki , Tawaki Shin-ichiro , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The benzene chromophore contained in double-chain(hydrocarbon) ammonium amphiphiles gives both of monomer and excimer fluorescence in the fluid(liquid crystalline) bilayer organization. The excimer emission disappears by phase transition to the rigid(crystalline) bilayer. In contrast, the corresponding fluorocarbon bilayer, in the absence of phase transition phenomena, shows excimer emission at all temperatures(15–50 °C). The excimer emission decreases when these probe amphiphiles are diluted in matrix bilayers. These results are applied to study the phase separation behavior of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon bilayer membranes. The fluorocarbon bilayer is not extensively miscible with the hydrocarbon bilayer, and vice versa. The miscibility is influenced additionally by the chemical structure of amphiphiles. The rate of mixing is determined by the component miscibility as well as by the aggregate morphology. The DSC study supports these conclusions and further indicates that an unsymmetrical, double-chain (one hydrocarbon and one fluorocarbon chains) amphiphile can promote mixing of typical hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon bilayers.
Copper(II)-Sulfur Interactions in Pyridine- and Imidazole-containing Disulfide Complexes. Syntheses, Spectra, and Solution Equilibria
Authors: Yamauchi Osamu , Seki Hiroko , Shoda Toshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Synthetic, spectroscopic, and potentiometric studies on the copper(II) complexes of pyridine-, quinoline-, and imidazole-ring-containing disulfides and related compounds have been made with emphasis on copper(II)–sulfur interactions. In the presence of copper(II), disulfide ligands, (RCH2NHCH2CH2S–)2, where R=4-imidazolyl (IMAD), 2-pyridyl (PMAD), 6-methyl-2-pyridyl (MPAD), and 2-quinolyl (QMAD), are more stable in acid solution than in neutral–alkaline solution. A stable 1 : 1 copper(II) complex, Cu(IMAD)(ClO4)2·H2O, was isolated as crystals from aqueous solution, whereas a binuclear complex, Cu2(PMAD)Cl4, was obtained as crystals in ethanol. The Cu(II)–IMAD systems exhibit a single d-d peak at 585 nm indicative of a CuN4 chromophore but no charge transfer (CT) band in the region 300–900 nm. The other Cu(II)–disulfide systems exhibit d-d bands at 650 and ≈850 nm. A shoulder at 310–330 nm observed for the Cu(II)–PMAD and –MPAD systems at pH ≈4 and &gt;6, respectively, is assigned to the S→Cu(II) CT transition. Thioether ligands, N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-l-methionine and N-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-Dl-methionine, show the S→Cu(II) CT peak at ≈310 nm at pH 9 in the 1 : 1 Cu(II)–ligand systems. Equilibrium constants of the proton-ligand and Cu(II)–ligand systems were determined by pH titrations at 25 °C and I=0.1(KNO3). The Cu(II)–disulfide systems were analyzed by considering monomeric species CuL, CuLH, and CuLH2 (L=ligand; H=proton) and a binuclear species Cu2L; the logβ110 values for CuL are 13.38, 13.32, and 9.46 for L=IMAD, PMAD, and MPAD, respectively. Conductivity measurements showed that the Cu(II)–IMAD complex isolated as crystals is monomeric in aqueous solution. Comparison of the electronic absorption and electron spin resonance spectral data and stability constants for various systems suggests that Cu(II)–PMAD has a square-pyramidal CuN4S chromophore with a sulfur atom in an equatorial position, whereas Cu(II)–IMAD has a planar CuN4 chromophore. The stability of disulfide bonds in copper(II) complexes in aqueous solution is briefly discussed on the basis of the modes of coordination.
Reaction of Quinoxaline Derivatives with Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: Badr Mahmoud Zarif Amin , El-Naggar Galal Mohamed , El-Sherief Hassan Ahmad Hassan , Abdel-Rahman Abdou El-Sayed , Aly Moustafa Fouzy 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Chloro-3-methylquinoxaline reacts with aromatic amines in basic medium forming 2-arylamino-3-methylquinoxalines, also it reacts with mercaptoacetic acid. The 3-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone condenses with aromatic aldehydes forming the corresponding 3-(substituted styryl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinones which add bromine in acetic acid to yield the corresponding dibromo derivatives which react with morpholine, sodium methoxide, and piperidine to give the corresponding compounds. 3-Methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone undergoes side-chain bromination to yield 3-bromomethyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, which reacts with aromatic amines, sodium salt of saccharine, potassium phthalimide··· 3-Methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone with P2S5 gave 3-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinethione which reacts with 2-aminoethanol, dimethyl sulfate, and halo acids.
Solvent Effects on Dimerization of Copper(II) Decanoate in Alcohol Solvents
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Kitazaki Ryoji , Kakimi Ikuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The extraction of copper(II) with decanoic acid in some alcohol solvents was carried out at 25 °C and at 0.1 mol/dm3 (NaClO4) aqueous ionic strength. Alcohols used are cyclohexanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol. In these solvents, monomeric and dimeric copper(II) decanoates are responsible for the extraction. Species involved in each organic phase are CuA2, Cu2A4, and Cu2A4(HA)2 (HA: decanoic acid). The dimerization and adduct formation of copper(II) decanoates in each organic phase are written as:
2CuA2\oversetKdim−1\ightleftharpoonsCu2A4
Cu2A4+2HA\oversetβad,dim\ightleftharpoonsCu2A4(HA)2
The following dimerization and adduct formation constants were obtained: logKdim−1=2.23 and logβad,dim=0.26 for cyclohexanol, 2.26 and −0.03 for 1-pentanol, 2.77 and −0.04 for 1-hexanol, and 3.04 and −0.24 for 1-heptanol, respectively.
Intermolecular Pummerer Rearrangement Reactions of Alkyl Phenyl and Dialkyl Sulfoxides with Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Itoh Osamu , Numata Tatsuo , Yoshimura Toshiaki , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Pummerer reactions of alkyl phenyl sulfoxides, PhS(O)R (R: methyl and isobutyl), and benzyl methyl sulfoxide with acetic anhydride were found to proceed through the intermolecular acetoxyl migration, based on the 18O-tracer experiments with 18O-labeled sulfoxides and unlabeled acetic anhydride.
Semburins and Swertiols, Novel 2,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and Their Precursory Alcohols, from Swertia japonica Makino
Authors: Sakai Tsutomu , Nakagawa Yoshiko , Iwashita Takashi , Naoki Hideo , Sakan Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The steam-volatile constituents of Swertia japonica Makino have been studied, and 71 components of the oil (comprising nearly 90% of the sample) have been identified. Structures of three novel 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (semburin, isosemburin, and neosemburin) and their precursory alcohols (swertiol, isoswertiol, and isoneoswertiol) have been established by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation data. The presence of 2-epi-isoneoswertiol, which was named neoswertiol, was detected by GC/MS. This is the first time that the 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton has been encountered in natural products.
X-Ray Structure Determination of (−)-Obtusane, a New Sesquiterpene from the Red Alga, Laurencia nipponica Yamada
Authors: Furusaki Akio , Matsumoto Takeshi , Kurata Kazuya , Suzuki Teruaki , Suzuki Minoru , Kurosawa Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new sesquiterpene (C15H23Br2Cl, mp 172–173 °C) isolated from Laurencia nipponica Yamada has been found to be (−)-obtusane by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
The Precipitation-Spectrophotometric Determination of Dithionate Ions with Bis(diethylenetriamine)nickel(II) Chloride Solution
Authors: Sato Tsugio , Okabe Taijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A solution containing dithionate ions is treated with bis(diethylenetriamine)nickel(II) chloride solution to precipitate dithionate as [Ni(dien)2]S2O6 complex. After centrifugation, the concentration of nickel(II) ions in the supernatant is spectrophotometrically determined by dimethylglyoxime method. There is no interference from SO42− SO32−, S2O32−, S4O62−, HN(SO3)22−, S2−, or Fe3+.
Mosomorphic Phenyl Benzoate and 1,3-Dioxane Derivatives Bearing Terminal Vinyl Group
Authors: Kamogawa Hiroyoshi , Hirose Tomoki , Nanasawa Masato 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Alkylphenyl 2-chloro-4-(4-vinylbenzoyloxy) benzoates and 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane derivatives with terminal vinyl groups were synthesized. Most of the novel compounds obtained possess characteristic mesomorphic ranges.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of (3E,5Z)-3,5-Tetradecadienoic Acid (Megatomoic Acid), the Sex Attractant of the Black Carpet Beetle
Authors: Tsuboi Sadao , Masuda Toshihide , Takeda Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The total synthesis of (3E,5Z)-3,5-tetradecadienoic acid (megatomoic acid) is accomplished with 74% stereoselectivity through the use of stereoselective rearrangement of ethyl 3,4-tridecadienoate to ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-tridecadienoate with alumina and the extension of the carbon chain with methyl methylthiomethyl sulfone.
Catalytic Epoxidation of Cyclohexene with t-Butyl Hydroperoxide in the Presence of Various Molybdenum Complexes
Authors: Yamazaki Masashi , Endo Hidetoshi , Tomoyama Masato , Kurusu Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A ligand can play an important role in the activity of the molybdenum-catalyzed epoxidation. Molybdenum complex was changed to the reactive intermediate through the reaction of catalyst with t-BuOOH. Oxalate, edta, and phenoxyl groups were selected as ligands. The phenoxyl group was most effective for the epoxidation. This effect was interpreted by the HSAB concept.
The Reaction of Olefins with Malonic Acid in the Presence of Manganese(III) Acetate
Authors: Ito Nobuyuki , Nishino Hiroshi , Kurosawa Kazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1,1-diphenylethene with malonic acid in the presence of manganese(III) acetate gave 3,3,8,8-tetraphenyl-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione and 4,4-diphenyl-2-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-4-butanolide. Similar reactions with 1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, methylenecyclohexane, 2-phenylpropene, 1-octene, and cyclohexene yielded the corresponding 2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diones.
Hydrogenation of Diphenylethyne Catalyzed by PdCl2 in CH2Cl2 and Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Suzuki Nobutaka , Ayaguchi Yasuo , Tsukanaka Tsuneaki , Izawa Yasuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A practically homogeneous system of PdCl2 in CH2Cl2 in the presence of polyethylene glycol catalyzed hydrogenation reactions of diphenylethyne (1) and cis-1,2-diphenylethene (2) to 2 and/or 1,2-diphenylethane (4). Under the conditions, the selectivity of the hydrogenation of 1 to 2 against that of 1 to 4 was excellent, compared to that using the Pd/C system.
Steroids. III. New Synthesis of Ring-D Seco Steroids
Authors: Takahashi Tomoyoshi , Satoh Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
16β-Azido-5α-androstan-17-one derivatives were cleaved with bromine in acetic acid at room temperature, to furnish 16-cyano and 16-carbamoyl-16,17-seco-5α-androstan-17-oic acids. 17-Aza-D-homo-5α-androstan-16,17a-dione derivatives were also synthesized.