bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron outbursts in Galactic and extragalactic jets, any difference?
Authors: Türler Marc , Lindfors Elina J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe discuss differences and similarities between jets powered by super-massive black holes in quasars and by stellar-mass black holes in microquasars. The comparison is based on multi-wavelength radio-to-infrared observations of the two active galactic nuclei 3C 273 and 3C 279, as well as the two galactic binaries GRS 1915+105 and Cyg X-3. The physical properties of the jet are derived by fitting the parameters of a shock-in-jet model simultaneously to all available observations. We show that the variable jet emission of galactic sources is, at least during some epochs, very similar to that of extragalactic jets. As for quasars, their observed variability pattern can be well reproduced by the emission of a series of self-similar shock waves propagating down the jet and producing synchrotron outbursts. This suggests that the physical properties of relativistic jets is independent of the mass of the black hole.
Black holes: from stars to galaxies
Authors: Mirabel I. Félix 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhile until recently they were often considered as exotic objects of dubious existence, in the last decades there have been overwhelming observational evidences for the presence of stellar mass black holes in binary systems, supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies, and possibly, intermediate-mass black holes observed as ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies. Black holes are now widely accepted as real physical entities that play an important role in several areas of modern astrophysics.Here I review the concluding remarks of the IAU Symposium No 238 on Black Holes, with particular emphasis on the topical questions in this area of research.
X-ray variability of accreting black hole systems: propagating-fluctuation scenario
Authors: Arévalo Patricia , Uttley Phil , McHardy Ian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPropagating fluctuation models can reproduce fundamental properties of the variability observed in the X-ray light curves of accreting black hole systems. We explore this type of model and show how extended emitting regions introduce at the same time energy dependent power spectral densities (PSD) and time lags between different energy bands.
Modulation of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations by relativistic effects
Authors: Bursa Michal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo distinct frequencies are often present in frequency power spectra of low-mass X-ray binary lightcurves. These frequencies are closely related to each other and there is a strong evidence that they have origin in the orbital motion in an accretion disc. A mechanism has to be in act that provides a modulation of emergent flux at observed frequencies – not necessarily the actual frequencies at which the fluid oscillates. Using numerical ray-tracing we show that strong gravity has an effect on light modulation and may itself be responsible for significant part of variations in observed lightcurves.
General relativistic results for a galactic disc in a multidimensional space-time
Authors: Coimbra-Araújo Carlos H. , Letelier Patricio S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe construct an exact and simple general relativistic model to describe a galactic disc based on a Schwarzschild disc immersed in a six dimensional space-time. The stability of this configuration is studied and we present results for the calculation of circular geodesic orbits.
The central cluster and X-ray emission from Sgr A*
Authors: Coker Robert F. , Pittard Julian M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAt the centre of the Milky Way is Sgr A*, a putative 3 million solar mass black hole with an observed luminosity that is orders of magnitude smaller than that expected from simple accretion theories. The number density of early-type stars is quite high near Sgr A*, so the ensemble of their stellar winds has a significant impact on the black hole's environment.We present results of 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the accretion of stellar winds onto Sgr A*. Using the LANL/SAIC code, RAGE, we model the central arc-second of the Galaxy, including the central cluster stars (the S-stars) with orbits and wind parameters that match observations. A significant fraction of the winds from the S stars becomes gravitationally bound to the black hole and thus could provide enough hot gas to produce the X-ray emission seen by Chandra. We perform radiative transfer calculations on the 3D hydrodynamic data cubes and present the resulting synthetic X-ray spectrum.
Dynamical evolution of rotating globular clusters with embedded black holes
Authors: Fiestas José , Spurzem Rainer 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEvolution of rotating globular clusters with embedded black holes is presented. The interplay between velocity diffusion due to relaxation and black hole star accretion is followed together with cluster rotation, using 2-dimensional, in energy and z-component of angular momentum, Fokker Planck numerical methods. Gravogyro and gravothermal instabilities drive the system to a faster evolution leading to shorter collapse times and a faster cluster dissolution in the tidal field of a parent galaxy.Angular momentum transport and star accretion support the development of central rotation in relaxation time scales. Two-dimensional distribution (in the meridional plane) of kinematical and structural parameters (density, dispersions, rotation) are reproduced, with the aim to enable the use of set of models for comparison with observational data.
A near-infrared view of the 3CR: properties of hosts and nuclei†
Authors: Floyd David , Chiaberge Marco , Perlman Eric S. , Sparks Bill , Macchetto F. Duccio , Madrid Juan , Baum Stefi , O'Dea Chris , Axon David , Quillen Alice , Capetti Alessandro , Miley George , Tinarelli Stefano 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe 3CR catalogue provides a statistical sampling of the most powerful radio galaxies out to z ∼ 0.3. Over the decade and a half of Hubble observations we have amassed a major multi-wavelength dataset on these sources, discovering amongst other things, new jets, hotspots, dust disks, and faint point-like nuclei. We present here the results of our latest snapshot survey, a near-complete sampling of the 3CR host galaxies at z < 0.3 in the near-IR (H-band). This un-extinguished view of the host galaxies has provided us with an accurate measure of the stellar/spheroid masses of the sources, and an unbiased view of their morphologies. We show that they exhibit an identical Kormendy relation to nearby QSO's and the massive Elliptical population, but are distinct from the Brightest Cluster Members, and mergers. We find that while a few sources exhibit signs of a recent or impending major merger, many more sources have remnants consistent with a gas-rich minor merger in their recent history. We detect unresolved nuclear sources in most (∼80%) of FRI, with their IR luminosities correlating linearly with radio core power. This implies that the IR nuclei are synchrotron radiation produced at the base of the relativistic jet, and confirms that no infrared (thermal) radiation in excess to synchrotron is present in FRIs, unlike in other classes of AGN.
The K-correction for LMXBs: an application to X1822-371 and GX339-4
Authors: Muñoz-Darias T. , Casares J. , Martínez-Pais I. G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe model the K-correction for emission lines formed on the irradiated face of companion stars in compact binaries. We compute this K-correction in a general approach as function of the mass ratio and the disc flaring angle. Our results, combined with the detection of high excitation emission lines arising from the donor star, can be used to set constraints to the masses of neutron stars and black holes in persistent Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs).The application of our model to X1822-371 (Muñoz-Darias, Casares & Martínez-Pais 2005) lends strong support to the presence of a massive neutron star in this LMXB (i.e. MNS > 1.6M⊙). Here, we also present the K-correction for the Black Hole binary GX339-4, where we obtain a solid lower limit to the black hole mass of MBH > 5.8M⊙.
Proper motions of thin filaments at the Galactic Center
Authors: Mužić K. , Eckart A. , Schödel R. , Meyer L. , Zensus A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present the proper motion study of the thin filaments observed in L'-band (3.8 μm) adaptive optics images of the central parsec of the Milky Way. Observed filaments are associated with the mini-spiral and, in some cases, with stars. They can be interpreted as shock fronts formed by the interaction of a central wind with the mini-spiral or extended dusty stellar envelopes.
Long-term and intra-day variability of BL Lacertae since the last great outburst
Authors: Nikolashvili Maria G. , Kurtanidze Omar M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present the results of optical photometry of BL Lacertae carried out using ST-6 CCD camera attached to the Newtonian focus of the 70 cm meniscus telescope of Abastumani Observatory. On the basis of observations conducted since August 1997 during more than 550 nights about 17000 frames were collected. They have been reduced using Daophot II.It has been shown that optical variability of BL Lacertae is very complex. The maximum variation was observed at long-term scale and is equal to equals to 3.0 mag (rms=0.03) in B band, while the variation in V and R bands are within 2.71 mag (0.02) and 2.53 mag (0.01), respectively. This means that variations are larger at shorter wavelength or the object become bluer in the active phase. It were also demonstrated that BL Lacertae shows intra-day variability within 0.30 mag (0.02), while intra-hour variability within 0.10 mag (0.01) magnitudes.
IR contamination in quiescence X-Ray Novae
Authors: Reynolds Mark T. , Callanan Paul J. , Kelleher Colm 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present archival optical-IR observations of a number of short period X-ray novae (XRNe). We use these to show that in contrast to the current paradigm, there is likely significant non stellar flux in the infra-red (IR).
First e-VLBI observations of GRS 1915+105
Authors: Rushton A. , Spencer R. E. , Strong M. , Campbell R. M. , Casey S. , Fender R. P. , Garrett M. A. , Miller-Jones J. C. A. , Pooley G. G. , Reynolds C. , Szomoru A. , Tudose V. , Paragi Z. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present results from the first successful open call e-VLBI science run, observing the X-ray binary GRS 1915+105. e-VLBI science allows the rapid production of VLBI radio maps, within hours of an observation rather than weeks. A total of 6 telescopes observing at 5 GHz across the European VLBI Network (EVN) were correlated in real time at the Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE). Throughout this, GRS 1915+105 was observed for a total of 5.5 hours, producing 2.8 GB of visibilities of correlated data. The peak brightness was 10.2 mJy per beam, with a total integrated radio flux of 11.1 mJy.
Marginally stable thick discs orbiting the Kerr–de Sitter black holes: the mass estimates
Authors: Slaný Petr , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBasic properties of equipotential surfaces in test perfect fluid tori with uniform distribution of the specific angular momentum orbiting KdS black holes are summarized. The central mass-densities of adiabatic non-relativistic tori, for which the approximation of test fluid is adequate, are given and compared with the typical densities of Giant Molecular Clouds.
A ULX and a giant cloud collision in M 99
Authors: Soria Roberto , Wong Diane Sonya 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Sc galaxy M 99 in the Virgo Cluster has been strongly affected by recent tidal interactions, responsible for an asymmetric spiral pattern and a high star formation rate (∼ 10 M⊙ yr−1). We studied the galaxy with XMM-Newton, Keck and the Very Large Array (VLA). The inner disk is dominated by hot plasma with a total X-ray luminosity ≈ 1041 erg s−1. At the outskirts of the galaxy, away from the main star-forming regions, there is an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) with an X-ray luminosity ≈ 2 × 1040 erg s−1 and a hard spectrum (power-law photon index Γ ≈ 1.7). This source is close to the location where a massive H I cloud appears to be falling onto the M 99 disk at a relative speed > 100 km s−1. The infalling gas may have been stripped from the nearby “dark galaxy” candidate VIRGOHI 21. We speculate there may be a relation between collisional events, infall of metal-poor gas clouds, and ULX formation.
Near-IR integral field spectroscopy of the NLR of ESO428-G14: the role of the radio jet
Authors: Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Riffel Rogemar A. , Barbosa Fausto K. B. , Winge Cláudia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present two-dimensional (2D) gas kinematics and excitation of the inner 300 pc of the Seyfert galaxy ESO428-G14 at a sampling of 14 pc2, from near-infrared spectroscopic observations at R=5900 obtained with the Integral Field Unit of the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph. Blue-shifts of up to 400 km s−1 and velocity dispersions of up to 150 km s−1, are observed in association with the radio jet running from SE to NW along position angle 129°. Both X-rays emitted by the active galactic nucleus and shocks produced by the radio jet can excite the H2 and [Fe ii] emission lines. We use the 2D velocity dispersion maps we estimate upper limits of 90% to the contribution of the radio jet to the excitation of [Fe ii]λ1.257μm, and of 80% to the excitation of H2λ2.121μm in the jet region.
Scientific ocean drilling behind the assessment of geo‐hazards from submarine slides, Barcelona, Spain, 25–27 October 2006
Authors: Urgeles Roger , Camerlenghi Angelo , Ercilla Gemma , Anselmetti Flavio , Brückmann Warner , Canals Miquel , Gràcia Eulàlia , Locat Jacques , Krastel Sebastian , Solheim Anders 
Published: May 2007

Submarine slope instability represents a geo‐hazard for its destructive potential on nearshore structures and life and offshore seabed structures. Submarine slides may bear a tsunamigenic potential and are capable of methane gas release into the seawater and atmosphere. A recent workshop sponsored by the European Science Foundation (ESF; http://www.esf.org), “Scientific Ocean Drilling Behind the Assessment of Geo‐hazards From Submarine Slides,” held in Barcelona, Spain, 25–27 October 2006, reviewed the current state of knowledge on submarine slope failures and how scientific drilling can improve our knowledge of the process and help to mitigate the derived risks (a report with full details of participants and program can be found at http://www.geohazards.no/IGCP511/). The workshop gathered 50 scientists and representatives of private companies, mainly from the European area, representing a wide spectrum of disciplines such as geophysics, stratigraphy sedimentology paleoceanography marine geotechnology, geotechnical engineering, and tsunami modeling.During the workshop, it was agreed that scientific drilling offers the possibility of answering a number of scientific questions, among them, (1) What is the frequency of submarine slides? (2) What was the tsunamigenic potential of past submarine slides, and what is the tsunamigenic potential of unfailed submarine slopes? (3) Do precursory phenomena of slope failure exist? (4) Can we monitor sea‐floor gravitational movements such as creep? (5) What makes up weak layers in midlatitude continental margins? And (6) when and under what circumstances do weak layers form? Scientific drilling also offers the possibility of testing at least two existing hypotheses on basic mechanisms of submarine slide generation and of massive releases of gas: (1) focusing of fluids and lateral transfer of stresses under variable overburden on permeable layers and (2) proving the link between methane emissions during rapid climatic changes and submarine slides.
New borehole strain system detects uplift at Campi Flegrei
Authors: Scarpa Roberto , Amoruso Antonella , Crescentini Luca , Romano Pierdomenico , De Cesare Walter , Martini Marcello , Scarpato Giovanni , Linde Alan T. , Sacks Selwyn I. 
Published: May 2007

Campi Flegrei and Mount Vesuvius are active Italian volcanoes though presently in aquiescent stage. The last eruption of Mount Vesuvius occurred during the spring of 1944. Campi Flegrei last erupted in 1538 but experienced a subsidence trend from the early 1900s to 1970, which was followed by episodes of ground uplift accompanied by seismic swarms [see, e.g., Aster et al., 1992].Over the past 37 years at Campi Flegrei, about 4 meters of maximum ground uplift has occurred followed by about 1 meter of subsidence, as measured near the center of the caldera in two episodes during 1970–1972 and 1982–1984. This deformation has occurred close to the harbor of the town of Pozzuoli, putting about 400,000 people at heightened risk. From 1985 to 2004, Campi Flegrei's caldera showed gradual subsidencethat was interrupted by five mini‐uplift episodesin 1976, 1989, 1995, 2000, and, most recently, 2004–2006, each amounting to a few centimeters of uplift [Pingue et al., 2006]. The caldera is generally aseismic during gradual subsidence, but small swarms of microearthquakes are produced during periods of elevated strain rates associated with the mini‐uplift episodes [Saccorotti et al., 2001 ].
New research site to launch in June
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: May 2007

Thirteen science and technology societies will launch a new Web site (http://www.scitopia. org) in June that will enable users to search more than three million journal articles, conference proceedings, and patents at once.“Scitopia.org's aim is to provide powerful, focused aggregation and an additional access point to the highest quality scientific research available on the Web today... [The site] will offer the most direct route to the very latest research, within hours of it appearing on the Web,” said Terry Hulbert, head of Electronic Development and Strategy at the Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP), one of the participating organizations.
The Camp Meeting and the Paradoxes of Evangelical Protestant Ritual
Authors: Taves Ann 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter addresses the problem of teaching ritual in relation to historically anti-ritualistic traditions that developed ritual forms of their own, specifically, Protestantism in America. The chapter's author begins by describing how she would revise a course that she has frequently taught to include more discussion of the issues at stake in the ritualism critique and reformulation. In developing the interplay between these modes of religiosity, she focuses on the revivalist camp meetings as described in the memoirs of a 19th-century Methodist. In lieu of any classroom performance of their own, her graduate students experience the first-person descriptions of a remarkable eyewitness by reading the rich observations and interpretations of a participant who is cognizant of the subtle reformulations taking place at every stage.
Ritual from Five Angles: A Tool for Teaching
Authors: Strathern Andrew , Stewart Pamela J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSince its inception in 1987, The Journal of Ritual Studies, has published many seminal articles on the definition, recognition, and interpretation of ritual practices. The journal's approach has been interdisciplinary from the start, enriching the scope of contributions and broadening the base of conversations about theory. Its corpus of contributions can be a useful resource for teaching ritual, and this chapter demonstrates how this potential can be realized, using five articles from recent issues analyzed at a graduate or upper-level undergraduate level. The five articles chosen for this task all consider current themes in religious studies, ritual studies, and anthropological studies: the local and the global; ritual and invention; performance and performativity; embodiment and communication; and ritual and human consciousness.
Teaching Healing Rituals/Ritual Healing
Authors: Sered Susan S. , Barnes Linda L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter deals with one of the earliest and most ubiquitous forms of ritual activity in the human record: seeking the aid of a greater power in a quest for healing. Because of the enormity of the topic and the importance of keeping their students' experiences in mind, the authors developed a cross-cultural typology as an tool for organizing the key analytic features of ritual healing for individual and collective illness. Using the pedagogical exercises this typology affords, students discover nearly universal ritual strategies and motivations.
Wandering from “Hills to Valleys” with the Goddess: Protection and Freedom in the Matamma Tradition of Andhra
Authors: Flueckiger Joyce Burkhalter 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways that South Indian Hindu women expand the boundaries of domesticity through a ritual alliance between women and the goddess Gangamma. In many Indian contexts, marriage is understood to be the quintessential domestic institution, serving most often to curtail significantly women's freedom and agency in the public sphere. A form of marriage which is socially liberating for Hindu women is considered — a form of ritual marriage that women may enact with Gangamma. When illness strikes in villages around the pilgrimage town of Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh — especially illnesses of poxes, rashes, and high fevers associated with the hot season and particular village goddesses — little girls may be offered to the goddess Gangamma in exchange for the latter's protection and healing. When these girls reach puberty, they exchange talis (wedding necklaces) with the goddess and are considered married to her. Their alliance with the goddess, formalized by the ritualized exchange of talis, affords them protection, freedom of movement, and agency outside the domestic sphere.
Threshold Designs, Forehead Dots, and Menstruation Rituals
Authors: Nagarajan Vijaya Rettakudi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter explores the ways that women's religious practices cross boundaries and traverse thresholds, and emphasizes continuity and overlap between private and public domains. The focus is on the relationship between kolams – auspicious designs that women create daily at their domiciles' thresholds, and pottus – the auspicious red dots that adorn Tamil women's foreheads. It is argued that the kolam and the pottu are parallel ritual expressions that embody larger Hindu cultural values, especially auspiciousness and inauspiciousness, purity and pollution. Both kolam and pottu mark thresholds, those of the home and the body, and function to mark spatial and temporal transformations: from auspicious to inauspicious times or pure to impure ones, as in the erasure of the pottu; and the absence of kolam production during menstruation and their reappearance following the period of menses. Pottu and kolam both embody the status of married women as auspicious householders, a status that is rooted in their domestic location, but both send that auspiciousness forth beyond the domestic threshold into the larger communities in which female Hindu householders are situated.
Does Tantric Ritual Empower Women?
Authors: McDaniel June 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores the ritual practices of women active in tantric traditions in West Bengal. These female tantrikas tend to reject the traditional domestic values associated with women's householder rituals, emphasizing instead ritual practices allied more closely with renunciation and its goals. In this context, renunciation is highly valued in women, as it is in men, while sexuality returns a woman to the sphere of traditional domesticity where she takes on the role of supporter and helper of a man rather than the role of individual seeker. Hence, the world of female tantric ritual challenges the connection between domesticity and women's ritual practices predominant in other contexts.