bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gangster as Aesthete
Authors: Hext Kate 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the way in which Wilde and the figure of the decadent-cum-flâneur influenced the gangster-movie genre, with examples from Underworld (1927), Little Caesar (1931), Scarface (1932), and Flesh and Fantasy (1943). Why, the critic James Naremore asks, are the gangsters in Underworld, the first gangster movie, peculiarly ‘aestheticized’? This chapter provides an answer via Ben Hecht’s fusion of Wildean aesthetes with alpha-male gangsters. To set up this discussion, it shows how the violent and misogynistic undercurrents of Wilde’s works were developed by H. L. Mencken and Ben Hecht in Chicago during the 1910s, where it was mixed with Nietzschean philosophy. It traces this development through Mencken’s epigrams in The Smart Set and Hecht’s short stories in The Little Review and Chicago Daily News, before looking in detail at how screenplays by Hecht and Samuel Hoffenstein translate the hardened flâneur into the figure of the gangster.
Monoclonal antibodies for treating early Alzheimer disease—a commentary on recent ‘positive’ trials
Authors: Scott Ian A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent phase 3 randomised controlled trials of amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibodies in people with pre-clinical or early Alzheimer disease have reported positive results, raising hope of finally having disease-modifying drugs. Given their far-reaching implications for clinical practice, the methods and findings of these trials, and the disease causation theory underpinning the mechanism of drug action, need to be critically appraised. Key considerations are the representativeness of trial populations; balance of prognostic factors at baseline; psychometric properties and minimal clinically important differences of the primary efficacy outcome measures; level of study fidelity; consistency of subgroup analyses; replication of findings in similar trials; sponsor role and potential conflicts of interest; consistency of results with disease causation theory; cost and resource estimates; and alternative prevention and treatment strategies. In this commentary, we show shortcomings in each of these areas and conclude that monoclonal antibody treatment for early Alzheimer disease is lacking high-quality evidence of clinically meaningful impacts at an affordable cost.
Measuring variation in infant mortality and deaths of despair by US congressional district in Pennsylvania: a methodological case study
Authors: Schnake-Mahl Alina , Anfuso Giancarlo , Goldstein Neal D , Purtle Jonathan , Eberth Jan M , Ortigoza Ana , Bilal Usama 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many ecological studies examine health outcomes and disparities using administrative boundaries such as census tracts, counties, or states. These boundaries help us to understand the patterning of health by place, along with impacts of policies implemented at these levels. However, additional geopolitical units (units with both geographic and political meaning), such as congressional districts (CDs), present further opportunities to connect research with public policy. Here we provide a step-by-step guide on how to conduct disparities-focused analysis at the CD level. As an applied case study, we use geocoded vital statistics data from 2010-2015 to examine levels of and disparities in infant mortality and deaths of despair in the 19 US CDs of Pennsylvania for the 111th-112th (2009-2012) Congresses and 18 CDs for the 113th-114th (2013-2016) Congresses. We also provide recommendations for extending CD-level analysis to other outcomes, states, and geopolitical boundaries, such as state legislative districts. Increased surveillance of health outcomes at the CD level can help prompt policy action and advocacy and, hopefully, reduce rates of and disparities in adverse health outcomes.
Interplay of cooperative breeding and predation risk on egg allocation and reproductive output
Authors: Fortuna Rita , Covas Rita , D'Amelio Pietro B , Silva Liliana R , Parenteau Charline , Bliard Louis , Rybak Fanny , Doutrelant Claire , Paquet Matthieu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Predation risk can influence behavior, reproductive investment, and, ultimately, individuals’ fitness. In high-risk environments, females often reduce allocation to reproduction, which can affect offspring phenotype and breeding success. In cooperative breeders, helpers contribute to feed the offspring, and groups often live and forage together. Helpers can, therefore, improve reproductive success, but also influence breeders’ condition, stress levels and predation risk. Yet, whether helper presence can buffer the effects of predation risk on maternal reproductive allocation remains unstudied. Here, we used the cooperatively breeding sociable weaver Philetairus socius to test the interactive effects of predation risk and breeding group size on maternal allocation to clutch size, egg mass, yolk mass, and yolk corticosterone. We increased perceived predation risk before egg laying using playbacks of the adults’ main predator, gabar goshawk (Micronisus gabar). We also tested the interactive effects of group size and prenatal predator playbacks on offspring hatching and fledging probability. Predator-exposed females laid eggs with 4% lighter yolks, but predator-calls’ exposure did not clearly affect clutch size, egg mass, or egg corticosterone levels. Playback-treatment effects on yolk mass were independent of group size, suggesting that helpers’ presence did not mitigate predation risk effects on maternal allocation. Although predator-induced reductions in yolk mass may decrease nutrient availability to offspring, potentially affecting their survival, playback-treatment effects on hatching and fledging success were not evident. The interplay between helper presence and predator effects on maternal reproductive investment is still an overlooked area of life history and physiological evolutionary trade-offs that requires further studies.
Molecular phylogenetic classification of scleractinian corals from Weizhou Island, China
Authors: Zeng Xinru , Wei Fen , Cui Mengyao , Yu Haoyu , Pan Xiaoyuan , Ning Zhiming , Yu Kefu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scleractinian corals play important roles in the maintenance and restoration of coral systems. However, the evolutionary relationships among species remain unclear, mostly due to the limitations of traditional coral classifications because of their ecophenotypic variation and morphological plasticity. Thus, here we aimed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of corals through single- and multi-gene analyses based on 116 colonies (14 families and 49 species) from Weizhou Island, China, and five molecular markers (CO1, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, H3, and ITS). The results reveal four cryptic species (Platygyra pini, Platygyra verweyi, Psammocora nierstraszi, and Coscinaraea columna). In single-gene analyses, mitochondrial genes can classify taxa at the family but not genus level, and vice versa for nuclear genes. Species are divided into complex and robust corals based on multi-gene analysis. Within robust corals, Merulinidae (Group XVII) is classified into eight subclades, and Dipsastraea, Favites, and Goniastrea are polyphyletic. Complex corals comprise the monophyletic Acroporidae (VI), Agariciidae (VII), Euphylliidae (V), Porites (III), and Dendrophylliidae (II). Notably, Turbinaria peltata is highly divergent from its congeners and clusters. Multi-gene analysis proved to be more accurate than single-gene analysis in elucidating phylogenetic relationships among corals. This study enhances our understanding of the diversity, evolution, and conservation of corals from Weizhou Island.
LncRNA S100PBP promotes proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells by sponging MiR-2285bc-BMPR2 in bovine
Authors: Wang Kai , Cheng Ying , Ren Yongping , Xiu Haoyu , Meng Wenxiang , Guo Tong , Ma Xiaoyan , Kebreab Ermias , Wang Dong , Lyu Lihua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In bovine follicular development, the proliferation of bovine granulosa cells affects follicular selection, atresia, and cystic follicle formation. When cystic follicles appear on the ovaries, granulosa cells stop proliferating, resulting in the reduction of granulosa cells layer. In our previous study, the whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) was differentially expressed between cystic and normal follicular granulosa cells. We speculated that long noncoding RNA may act as competing endogenous RNA targeting microRNAs and then regulating the expression of BMPR2 and the function of granulosa cells, thereby affecting follicular development and cyst formation. In this study, the results elucidated that long noncoding RNA S100PBP (NONBTAT011846.2) directly bound miR-2285bc, which targeted in the BMPR2 3′-UTR. miR-2285bc suppresses granulosa cells proliferation by downregulating BMPR2 expression. Furthermore, long noncoding RNA S100PBP was silenced by small interfering RNA, and long noncoding RNA S100PBP regulated BMPR2 expression by sponging miR-2285bc investigated through cross-verification. When small interfering RNA of long noncoding RNA S100PBP was transfected into granulosa cells, the results revealed similar molecular changes as those transfected with miR-2285bc mimics. Silencing long noncoding RNA S100PBP or overexpressing miR-2285bc altered the expressions of some follicular development-related genes, which could be related to follicular cyst occurrence. In conclusion, our findings support that long noncoding RNA S100PBP regulates the expression of BMPR2 through sponge miR-2285bc, promotes the proliferation of granulosa cells, inhibits their apoptosis, and increases the synthesis and secretion of follicular steroid hormones, thus promoting the development of bovine follicles.
Sparse ordinal discriminant analysis
Authors: Han Sangil , Kim Minwoo , Jung Sungkyu , Ahn Jeongyoun 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Ordinal class labels are frequently observed in classification studies across various fields. In medical science, patients’ responses to a drug can be arranged in the natural order, reflecting their recovery postdrug administration. The severity of the disease is often recorded using an ordinal scale, such as cancer grades or tumor stages. We propose a method based on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) that generates a sparse, low-dimensional discriminant subspace reflecting the class orders. Unlike existing approaches that focus on predictors marginally associated with ordinal labels, our proposed method selects variables that collectively contribute to the ordinal labels. We employ the optimal scoring approach for LDA as a regularization framework, applying an ordinality penalty to the optimal scores and a sparsity penalty to the coefficients for the predictors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using a glioma dataset, where we predict cancer grades based on gene expression. A simulation study with various settings validates the competitiveness of our classification performance and demonstrates the advantages of our approach in terms of the interpretability of the estimated classifier with respect to the ordinal class labels.
Early experience with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy versus open pancreatoduodenectomy: nationwide propensity-score-matched analysis
Authors: de Graaf Nine , Zwart Maurice J W , van Hilst Jony , van den Broek Bram , Bonsing Bert A , Busch Olivier R , Coene Peter-Paul L O , Daams Freek , van Dieren Susan , van Eijck Casper H J , Festen Sebastiaan , de Hingh Ignace H J T , Lips Daan J , Luyer Misha D P , Mieog J Sven D , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , van der Schelling George P , Stommel Martijn W J , de Wilde Roeland F , Molenaar I Quintus , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Besselink Marc G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Although robotic pancreatoduodenectomy has shown promising outcomes in experienced high-volume centres, it is unclear whether implementation on a nationwide scale is safe and beneficial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of the early experience with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy versus open pancreatoduodenectomy in the Netherlands.

Methods
This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients who underwent robotic pancreatoduodenectomy or open pancreatoduodenectomy who were registered in the mandatory Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit (18 centres, 2014–2021), starting from the first robotic pancreatoduodenectomy procedure per centre. The main endpoints were major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade greater than or equal to III) and in-hospital/30-day mortality. Propensity-score matching (1 : 1) was used to minimize selection bias.

Results
Overall, 701 patients who underwent robotic pancreatoduodenectomy and 4447 patients who underwent open pancreatoduodenectomy were included. Among the eight centres that performed robotic pancreatoduodenectomy, the median robotic pancreatoduodenectomy experience was 86 (range 48–149), with a 7.3% conversion rate. After matching (698 robotic pancreatoduodenectomy patients versus 698 open pancreatoduodenectomy control patients), no significant differences were found in major complications (40.3% versus 36.2% respectively; P = 0.186), in-hospital/30-day mortality (4.0% versus 3.1% respectively; P = 0.326), and postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B/C (24.9% versus 23.5% respectively; P = 0.578). Robotic pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with a longer operating time (359 min versus 301 min; P &lt; 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (200 ml versus 500 ml; P &lt; 0.001), fewer wound infections (7.4% versus 12.2%; P = 0.008), and a shorter hospital stay (11 days versus 12 days; P &lt; 0.001). Centres performing greater than or equal to 20 robotic pancreatoduodenectomies annually had a lower mortality rate (2.9% versus 7.3%; P = 0.009) and a lower conversion rate (6.3% versus 11.2%; P = 0.032).

Conclusion
This study indicates that robotic pancreatoduodenectomy was safely implemented nationwide, without significant differences in major morbidity and mortality compared with matched open pancreatoduodenectomy patients. Randomized trials should be carried out to verify these findings and confirm the observed benefits of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy versus open pancreatoduodenectomy.
Novel insight into atogepant mechanisms of action in migraine prevention
Authors: Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Strassman Andrew M , Broide Ron , Adams Aubrey , Dabruzzo Brett , Brin Mitchell , Burstein Rami 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recently, we showed that while atogepant—a small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist—does not fully prevent activation of meningeal nociceptors, it significantly reduces a cortical spreading depression (CSD)-induced early response probability in C fibres and late response probability in Aδ fibres. The current study investigates atogepant effect on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of high threshold (HT) and wide dynamic range (WDR) central dura-sensitive trigeminovascular neurons.
In anaesthetized male rats, single-unit recordings were used to assess effects of atogepant (5 mg/kg) versus vehicle on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of HT and WDR trigeminovascular neurons.
Single cell analysis of atogepant pretreatment effects on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus revealed the ability of this small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist to prevent activation and sensitization of nearly all HT neurons (8/10 versus 1/10 activated neurons in the control versus treated groups, P = 0.005). In contrast, atogepant pretreatment effects on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of WDR neurons revealed an overall inability to prevent their activation (7/10 versus 5/10 activated neurons in the control versus treated groups, P = 0.64). Unexpectedly however, in spite of atogepant’s inability to prevent activation of WDR neurons, it prevented their sensitization (as reflected their responses to mechanical stimulation of the facial receptive field before and after the CSD).
Atogepant’ ability to prevent activation and sensitization of HT neurons is attributed to its preferential inhibitory effects on thinly myelinated Aδ fibres. Atogepant’s inability to prevent activation of WDR neurons is attributed to its lesser inhibitory effects on the unmyelinated C fibres. Molecular and physiological processes that govern neuronal activation versus sensitization can explain how reduction in CGRP-mediated slow but not glutamate-mediated fast synaptic transmission between central branches of meningeal nociceptors and nociceptive neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus can prevent their sensitization but not activation.
Synthesis of a highly iodinated biphenyl with extension of σ-delocalization
Authors: Takada Yuki , Furukawa Shunsuke , Saito Masaichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report the synthesis of a highly iodinated biphenyl derivative possessing two delocalized orbitals with σ-symmetry. Iodination of 2,2'-difluorobiphenyl 3 occurred by using a combination of potassium peroxodisulfate and iodine provided hexaiodobiphenyl 7. On the other hand, iodination of 3 under more harsh conditions afforded octaiodobiphenyl 4, the most iodo-substituted biphenyl, via a dibenzoiodonium intermediate. Density functional theory calculations of the thus synthesized highly iodinated biphenyl derivative show that the HOMO of 4 arises from lone-pair interactions of eight iodine atoms, indicating extension of σ-delocalization.
Central Nervous System Antimicrobial Exposure and Proposed Dosing for Anthrax Meningitis
Authors: Bradley John S , Bulitta Jürgen B , Cook Rachel , Yu Patricia A , Iwamoto Chelsea , Hesse Elisabeth M , Chaney Danielle , Yu Yon , Kennedy Jordan L , Sue David , Karchmer Adolf W , Bower William A , Hendricks Katherine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The high mortality of systemic anthrax is likely a consequence of the severe central nervous system inflammation that occurs in anthrax meningitis. Effective treatment of such infections requires, at a minimum, adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antimicrobial concentrations.

Methods
We reviewed English medical literature and regulatory documents to extract information on serum and CSF exposures for antimicrobials with in vitro activity against Bacillus anthracis. Using CSF pharmacokinetic exposures and in vitro B. anthracis susceptibility data, we used population pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulations to determine whether a specific antimicrobial dosage would likely achieve effective CSF antimicrobial activity in patients with normal to inflamed meninges (ie, an intact to markedly disrupted blood–brain barrier).

Results
The probability of microbiologic success at achievable antimicrobial dosages was high (≥95%) for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (500 mg every 12 hours), meropenem, imipenem/cilastatin, penicillin G, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, doxycycline, and minocycline; acceptable (90%–95%) for piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin (750 mg every 24 hours); and low (&lt;90%) for vancomycin, amikacin, clindamycin, and linezolid.

Conclusions
Prompt empiric antimicrobial therapy of patients with suspected or confirmed anthrax meningitis may reduce the high morbidity and mortality. Our data support using several β-lactam-, fluoroquinolone-, and tetracycline-class antimicrobials as first-line and alternative agents for treatment of patients with anthrax meningitis; all should achieve effective microbiologic exposures. Our data suggest antimicrobials that should not be relied on to treat suspected or documented anthrax meningitis. Furthermore, the protein synthesis inhibitors clindamycin and linezolid can decrease toxin production and may be useful components of combination therapy.
Combined Protection of Vaccination and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Against Hospitalization in Adults With COVID-19
Authors: Shah Melisa M , Joyce Brendan , Plumb Ian D , Sahakian Sam , Feldstein Leora R , Barkley Eric , Paccione Mason , Deckert Joseph , Sandmann Danessa , Hagen Melissa Briggs , Gerhart Jacqueline L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Among adults at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the lowest hospitalization rate was among those who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir after 3 or more messenger RNA vaccine doses (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, .19–.24). Eligible adults, including those previously vaccinated, should be considered for COVID-19 antiviral treatment.
A Hybrid BERT-CNN Approach for Depression Detection on Social Media Using Multimodal Data
Authors: Beniwal Rohit , Saraswat Pavi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to the absence of early facilities, a large population is dealing with stress, anxiety, and depression issues, which may have disastrous consequences, including suicide. Past studies revealed a direct relationship between the high engagement with social media and the increasing depression rate. This research initially creates a dataset with text, emoticons and image data, and then preprocessing is performed using diverse techniques. The proposed model in the research consists of three parts: first is textual bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), which is trained on only text data and also emoticons are converted into a textual form for easy processing; second is convolutional neural network (CNN), which is trained only on image data; and the third is the combination of best-performing models, i.e. hybrid of BERT and CNN (BERT-CNN), to work on both the text and images with enhanced accuracy. The results show the best accuracy with BERT, i.e. 97% for text data; for image data, CNN has attained the highest accuracy of 89%. Finally, the hybrid approach is compared with other combinations and previous studies; it achieved the best accuracy of 99% in the categorization of users into depressive and non-depressive based on multimodal data.
Survey of collaboration supporting students who are deaf and hard of hearing
Authors: Gustafson Samantha J , Newsome Elsa , Pilling Nicole , Segura Emilee 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Collaboration between teachers of students who are deaf and hard of hearing (TSDHH) and educational audiologists is essential when developing successful, comprehensive service delivery plans for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. Despite the importance, little is known about how these two professions work together. This study sought to describe the current state of collaboration between educational audiologists and TSDHH and to explore the barriers and facilitators to this collaboration. Anonymous survey responses from 752 educational audiologists and TSDHH showed that collaboration is considered valuable and is occurring frequently, via a variety of formats and despite significant barriers. More research is needed to understand how efforts to minimize barriers to collaboration might improve the quality of collaboration and ultimately impact the success of student support.