bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fads, stereotypes and management gurus: Fayol and Follett today
Authors: Parker Lee D. , Ritson Philip 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe management profession has a long and well‐documented history adopting and abandoning “fads” promulgated by a series of thinkers, practitioners, and opinion leaders who enjoy a “guru” like status. The purpose of this paper shows that stereotyping contributes to the existence of this guru‐fad phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the characteristics of both management fads and the phenomenon of stereotyping with reference to two leading historical management practitioners and thinkers, Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follett.FindingsDrawing on the examples of Mary Parker Follett and Henri Fayol, it argues that the influence exerted by other management gurus and fads, such as Frederick Winslow Taylor's Scientific Management and Elton Mayo's Human Relations Movement, gave rise to a stereotyped view of both Follett and Fayol's work that prevented an accurate appraisal of their ideas.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition, this paper notes that, while Follett and Fayol exhibited an extraordinary capacity to identify the very issues that have spawned many subsequent management fads, the contemporary management discipline's approach to both thinkers is quite different. While Follett has escaped her earlier stereotypes, allowing management thinkers a new opportunity to re‐assess her work and value its contemporary relevance, Fayol remains misclassified as a European Taylorist who has little to offer the contemporary management practitioner.Originality/valueThis paper provides an interesting insight into the characteristics of both management fads and the phenomenon of stereotyping.
Using cointegration methods to estimate the interconnectedness of intangible strategic assets
Authors: Onyeaso Godwin , Johnson William 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to advocate and implement cointegration methods for the estimation of interconnectedness of service quality and customer loyalty as intangible strategic assets within management decision.Design/methodology/approachUsing longitudinal time series quarterly data on loyalty and service quality, the paper uses cointegration methods to empirically estimate the weight of interconnectedness of customer loyalty and service quality as intangible strategic assets.FindingsThe research evidence suggests that customer loyalty and service quality are interconnected intangible strategic assets that managers can develop, accumulate, estimate and deploy for superior competitive advantage.Originality/valueTo the extent that the global economies are increasingly service‐driven, managerial capability to estimate intangible strategic assets as drivers of superior competitive advantage will remain strategically important. Assumedly, this paper is the first to illustrate how cointegration methods can be used by managers to estimate interconnectedness of intangible strategic assets. In this sense, to the extent that this method is new to managers, it represents another toolkit of intangible strategic asset management for managers.
What do we need to know about wisdom?
Authors: Rowley Jennifer 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe article seeks to open the debate on the nature and role of wisdom in organisations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts a review of the diverse writing on wisdom in the literatures of philosophy and psychology, and gathers in a number of passing references to wisdom in the knowledge management and management literatures. Its aim is to gather together existing views on the nature and relevance of wisdom in the context of management and organisations. This review is structured using the following four questions: why might wisdom be important in organisations? What is wisdom, and what is its relationship to knowledge? What is the link between wisdom and leadership? What is organisational wisdom and how can it be cultivated?FindingsBuilding on previous literature, definitions are proposed for wisdom, organisational wisdom, wisdom management and triple loop learning. Wisdom is defined as the capacity to put into action the most appropriate behaviour, taking into account what is known (knowledge) and what does the most good (ethical and social considerations). Wisdom is identified as a central element of leadership. The concept of organisational wisdom translates wisdom from the individual to the organisational level, and poses the need to consider the processes associated with wisdom management. The conclusion uses this review as a platform to pose a number of further questions about wisdom in organisations.Practical implicationsAn enhanced understanding of wisdom and related concepts such as organisational wisdom, managerial wisdom and wisdom management has the potential to provide a valuable contextualisation for knowledge management theory and practice, and other aspects of organisational behaviour that can support business performance and success.Originality/valueDespite being identified as a capstone concept in the relationship between data, information and knowledge, neither the concept of wisdom within organisations nor the processes associated with the cultivation of wisdom have received much attention in the knowledge management, organisational learning or management literatures. This paper provokes further debate about wisdom by drawing on the diverse literatures that explore wisdom and reflecting on the relevance of wisdom in the context of management and organisations.
Motivation of scientists in a government research institute
Authors: Jindal‐Snape Divya , Snape Jonathan B. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis study seeks to explore the perceptions of scientists regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that motivate them and the role of management in enhancing and maintaining motivation with the purpose of identifying practical recommendations for managers to improve the productivity of scientists.Design/methodology/approachA total of 18 semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with randomly selected (stratified sampling) scientists working at a government research institute in the UK.FindingsThe scientists interviewed were typically motivated by the ability to do high quality, curiosity‐driven research and de‐motivated by lack of feedback from management, difficulty in collaborating with colleagues and constant review and change. Extrinsic motivators such as salaries, incentive schemes and prospects for promotion were not considered as motivating factors by most scientists. Promotion was not a motivator for most of the scientists and many thought that they would never get promoted again. Efforts should be focused on addressing the hygiene factors (i.e. removing the negatives) rather than introducing new incentives.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was relatively small (18) and a larger study will be required in order for comparisons to be made with scientists employed in industry or universities.Practical implicationsThe results from this study suggest that the current incentivisation schemes based on financial rewards have little impact, and that alternative methods of motivating scientists should be considered. Rewards that may be more highly valued could include, time and resources to pursue own research interests; funds to attend international conferences and investment in physical resources (e.g. laboratory refurbishment, new equipment, etc.). The recommendations to motivate scientists could be applied to other highly‐trained specialists.Originality/valueThis is the only study that has been conducted with scientists working at a government research institute in the UK. It is important in providing an insight into the motivation of a diverse and under‐researched group of employees.
Anxiety and defective decision making: an elaboration of the groupthink model
Authors: Chapman Judith 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article sets out to revisit Janis' groupthink theory that holds that, when anxiety is present for a decision‐making group, premature concurrence seeking emerges unless other mitigating factors are present. Research from selected segments of the decision making literature are introduced to explain the underlying causes of concurrence seeking. The result is an elaboration of the theory based on a synthesis of older and newer ideas, supporting Janis' core thesis that anxiety triggers this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual and draws on literature addressing the impact of emotions on decision‐making behaviour; human responses to anxiety, including psychological defence modes and mechanisms; and groupthink research and writing.FindingsThe theoretical elaboration of the groupthink model centres on the idea that anxiety associated with a decision task triggers implicit motivations of anxiety reduction in groups, which are enacted through the activation of common defence mechanisms, thus resulting in the symptoms of defective decision making. A table that recasts the symptoms of groupthink as common defence mechanisms is provided.Research limitations/implicationsSuggestions are made for broadening the conceptual base of the groupthink model, including consideration of the research on negative and positive emotions.Practical implicationsThe article distinguishes between poor decision making due to groupthink and other causes. Remedies for the emergence of groupthink include better approaches to recognising and surfacing anxiety and other negative emotions, so they can be managed constructively. Such remedies complement more conventional methods of improving group decision making.Originality/valueThe article focuses on the underlying causes of premature concurrence seeking, an aspect of the groupthink model that is not well understood. It builds on Janis' explanation of anxiety as the main cause, by elaborating the linkages between the presence of anxiety, the symptoms of groupthink and the signs of defective decision making. In this, the article draws on research into the effects of negative emotions on decision‐making behaviour and related theories. It synthesises several research streams to provide a more comprehensive explanation of concurrence seeking.
Opportunistic collaboration
Authors: Everitt Sian 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo review a small specialist repository's strategic and opportunistic approach to utilising collaborative regional and national digital initiatives to increase access. The Birmingham Institute of Art and Design (BIAD) Archives activity is evaluated to determine whether a project‐based approach recognises and meets the needs of historians, or in manufacturing a digital semblance, does it in fact mislead historians.Design/methodology/approachThe context in UK higher education and the archives domain of an emphasis on the digitisation of resources evident in national policies is outlined. Recent studies into the requirements and expectations of academics and historians as users of archives and digital resources are considered. BIAD Archives' creation of a repository web site and participation in national collection level description schemes are examined. The experience of two collaborative digitisation projects, a national subject‐based virtual collection and a regional collaborative information literacy initiative, are described and reflected upon.FindingsAn opportunistic project‐based approach does not easily accumulate as a cohesive strategy for increasing access. Collaboration is problematic. It is beneficial in raising profiles and can act as a legitimising agent. It entails compromise, applying an external filter to collections and potentially creating a digital semblance. The proliferation of projects raises concerns of sustainability, invisibility within the deep web and that merely signposting may not satisfy user needs. To address this problem archives as a domain require a more sophisticated understanding of all our different users.Originality/valueCritical reflections on collaborative practice beneficial to archivists and resource managers embarking on digitisation initiatives and to those developing collaborative projects.
Digital imaging South Africa (DISA): a case study
Authors: Saunders Christopher 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo tell the story of a particular digitisation project with which the author has been closely involved, illustrating the problems and scope of the project and focusing especially on the issues relating to the selection of appropriate content.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based largely on personal involvement in the project and is the work of a historian who traces change over time.FindingsThe paper records the history of the project and discusses what has been achieved to date, problems were encountered along the way, and what has been done to try to resolve them.Practical implicationsThere may be lessons to be learnt from this project for similar projects in other parts of the world.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study of DISA to be written by a historian.
Remembering history
Authors: Law Derek 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction with the much better known Electronic Libraries (eLib) Programme. It also examines the principles that underlay the development of content acquisition and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s.Design/methodology/approachA historical account of the development of nationally organised e‐services for higher education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minutes and contemporary reports.FindingsConfirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that period.Originality/valueProvides a record of previously undocumented work.
Gabriel: Gateway to Europe's national libraries
Authors: Jefcoate Graham 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to look into Gabriel – the Worldwide web server for those European national libraries represented in the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), providing a single point of access on the internet for the retrieval of information about their functions, services and collections. Above all, it serves as a gateway to their online services. Three national libraries emerged as natural partners in setting up a pilot project on behalf of the CENL membership as a wholeDesign/methodology/approachFollowing the success of the Portico prototype, a development project was launched with the aim of creating a well‐founded service and building up coverage of British Library services and collections by adding home pages for directorates and departments.FindingsThe service has been developed through an international project involving the national libraries of the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Finland and Germany.Originality/valueGabriel has the potential of becoming a model for collaboration in the networking field across a wide geographical area and among diverse institutions.
Redesigning a web site in‐house to improve information literacy: experiences of a small library
Authors: Humbert S.I. , Tilley E.A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to provide advice, suggestions and encouragement for small budget‐restricted libraries contemplating the need for web site redesign where an underlying goal for improving users' information literacy is a key factor.Design/methodology/approachThe initial planning is set within the context of a broader project examining user education in the library, with a set of desired outcomes, based on user surveys, resulting in the web site as one focus. Project planning techniques employed are described. Information architecture is used as a basis for research, planning, design and implementation of a redesigned web site. Accessibility and usability were predominant in the minds of the designers. The process of redesign is set firmly within a context of little or no actual funds available, and a small, subject‐specific, active user‐base. The case for providing a complementary information literacy programme is highlighted, given the nature of the initial project.FindingsA redesigned accessible, user‐driven web site in a small library is possible despite few resources.Originality/valueThis paper provides a focus for staff in small libraries that may lack funds and who need guidance and practical help in redesigning their web sites. It suggests a structure on which to base the process, and conclusions about the limitations and problems encountered from which others may learn.
Dietary fiber consumption and composition of foods in “by‐the‐kilo” restaurants
Authors: Simioni de Abreu Edeli , Lima Garbelotti Maria , Aparecida Ferraz Silva Torres Elizabeth 
Published: January 2007

PurposeIn Brazil, studies on dietary fiber consumption are scarce. The greatest difficulty is to obtain reliable data on the fiber content of foods that are part of Brazilians’ eating habits, which involves adjusting laboratory methodology. It is extremely important to evaluate the average daily fiber intake on a regional basis, considering the heterogeneous eating habits of the Brazilians. The study aims to estimate the average dietary fiber content of meals eaten in “by‐the‐kilo” restaurants.Design/methodology/approachThe foods used in the preparation of 1,907 meals consumed during one month in four restaurants in the city of São Paulo were studied. Intake, nutritional composition, and fiber analyses focusing on average lunch intakes were performed based on the RDA and SBAN (Brazilian Food and Nutrition Society) recommendations. Intake and nutritional composition results were compared with the values of a control meal theoretically prepared. A total of 40 samples of preparations using fiber‐rich foods were analyzed and their dietary fibers and soluble and insoluble fiber fractions were determined by enzymatic‐gravimetric method.FindingsThe results showed that a lunch meal alone accounts for 69.2 per cent of the SBAN recommendation and 39.5 per cent of the maximum RDA for dietary fiber.Originality/valueFoods served in “by‐the‐kilo” restaurants proved to be good sources of fiber, and their insoluble‐to‐soluble fiber ratios were similar to the recommendations.
Vitamin E and mineral fortification in fresh‐cut apples (Fuji) using vacuum impregnation
Authors: Zhao Yanyun , Park Su‐il , Leonard Scott W. , Traber M.G. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the use of vacuum impregnation (VI) for developing vitamin E fortified fresh‐cut apples (Fuji).Design/methodology/approachA 20 per cent high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or edible coating materials of 1 per cent hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and 1 per cent calcium caseinate (CC) were used to make VI solutions, and 0.4 per cent α‐tocopherol acetate, 7.5 per cent gluconal cal\tf="Pi3" \char"31 (GC) and 0.04 per cent zinc lactate (ZL) were incorporated into the VI solutions. Vitamin E content, color, and selected physicochemical properties of fortified fresh‐cut apples were analyzed.FindingsResults showed that VI treatment with 20 per cent HFCS solution containing 0.4 per cent α‐tocopherol acetate increased vitamin E content up to 21.8 mg in 100 g of fresh‐cut apples, while 12.0 mg and 20.2 mg vitamin E were achieved when using 1 per cent HPMC or 1 per cent CC as VI solutions, respectively. Calcium and zinc content were also increased to 146.6 mg and 1.7 mg in 100 g of apples, respectively, when adding 7.5 per cent GC and 0.04 per cent ZL along with the vitamin E into the VI solutions. Use of HFCS, HPMC and CC as VI solutions resulted in different effects on the physiochemical properties of fresh‐cut apples. While HFCS is promising for vitamin E fortification and retention of natural apple color, HPMC and CC can be used to achieve similar vitamin E fortification with the least impact on the soluble solids and moisture contents of apples.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates that there is great potential for developing high quality, vitamin E and minerals fortified fresh‐cut apples using vacuum impregnation technology, thus further enhancing the health benefit of the apples.
Phytonutrients: experimental effects on gastric lesions in rats exposed to acute repetitive restraint stress
Authors: Azlina Mohd Fahami Nur , Mohd Ismail Nafeeza , Bin Abdul Kadir Khalid 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis study seeks to investigate the effect of palm‐based phytonutrient complex (PPC) on stress‐induced gastric lesions and accompanying changes in the gastric acidity and gastrin level.Design/methodology/approachA total of 40 rats were divided between a control group that was given a vitamin E deficient diet and a treatment group that was given a vitamin deficient diet with oral supplementation of PPC at 60 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period half of the number of rats were subjected to restraint‐stress for two hours for four consecutive days. Following stress exposure, blood was taken for measurement of gastrin level, after which all the rats were disposed of. The gastric acid was collected for measurement of acid concentration, while the stomachs were opened along the greater curvature and examined for lesions.FindingsRats exposed to stress developed hemorrhagic gastric lesions. PPC supplemented rats had fewer gastric lesions compared with their respective control group. Stress without supplementation with PPC also caused a reduction in the gastric acid concentration and the serum gastrin levels. Compared with their corresponding controls, the pre‐ and post‐values of gastric acid and serum gastrin concentration in rats with PPC supplementation remained comparable.Originality/valueStress is an identified risk factor for the development of gastric lesions. The current study showed that PPC was able to reduce the development of gastric lesions induced by stress and blocks the stress‐induced changes in the gastric acid concentration and gastrin level. It is possible that part of the protective effect of PPC in stress is through maintenance of the normal gastrin level, which results in the maintenance of gastrin trophic action in the gastric mucosa.