bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes of Inflammation and Placental Function GWAS Associated with Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage in the Kazakh Population
Authors: Murtazaliyeva Alexandra , Svyatova Gulnara , Berezina Galina , Urazbayeva Gulfairuz , Sadyrbekova Aigerim 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The loss of two or more pregnancies is considered recurrent miscarriage (RM). One of the causes of this pathology is the occurrence of mutations both in pleiotropic and pathway-specific regulators and in structural genes. The simplest type of such mutations is single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to study the relationship between gene polymorphisms of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines – interferon-gamma (T874A), interleukin (IL1B) (C3954T), IL6 (G572C) and IL10 (G1082A); placental function, apoptosis and angiogenesis – apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) (G5163C), kinase insert domain receptor (A1719T, G1192A), P53 (Arg72Pro) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (C1697G) with the development of idiopathic RM (iRM) in the Kazakh population.

Settings and Design:
This was a case–control study.

Materials and Methods:
Molecular genetic studies were performed by TaqMan using a single site-specific amplification and real-time genotyping method in 302 women with iRM and 300 with normal reproduction. DNA isolation from the biomaterial was carried out using kits containing binding magnetic particles. Both samples were analysed for alleles and genotypes for the studied polymorphisms.

Statistical Analysis Used:
For statistical data processing, Pearson’s criterion, confidence interval (CI) and probability value were taken into account.

Results:
It was found that the carriage of unfavourable genotypes (G/C, C/C) for the G5163C polymorphism of the APOC3 gene increases the risk of developing iRM by three times (odds ratio = 3.0; 95% CI = 2.24–4.07). Other studied polymorphisms in the genes of ILs, interferon, P53 proapoptotic protein, kinase domain receptor and STAT3 transcription activator were not associated with RM.

Conclusion:
Significant associations of APOC3 gene genotypes with the development of iRM in the Kazakh population indicate the involvement of the placental system, which is realised by vascularisation defects and defective embryo implantation and leads to early pregnancy termination.
Digital Content on YouTube Channels: Boon or Bane to Anatomy Teaching and Learning
Authors: Bathla Shilpa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A clinically integrated anatomy curriculum based on problem-based and self-directed learning is indispensable in the contemporary times of technology-enabled interdisciplinary medical education. Hence, the adoption of newer teaching–learning resources by the anatomy faculty is need of the hour to visually engage and motivate the tech-savvy generation of “Digital students.” The easy availability, use, and retrieval of resources make the digital anatomy content on YouTube channels highly popular among the students. This article is a critical appraisal of currently available digital content on YouTube channels concerning the different sub-specialties of anatomy from a faculty member’s perspective. The article explores the usefulness of these digital resources with elaborate discussions on their merits, demerits, ethical concerns, role of faculty in their effective utilization, and the various challenges (with potential solutions) associated with integration into mainstream anatomy curricula as teaching–learning aids.
Learning Huddles: A Tool to Strengthen the Delivery of Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Bobhate Prateek Sudhakar , Joshi Abhishek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Learning huddles in medical education is a type of small group teaching–learning method to ensure the involvement of students in meaningful discussions and the acquisition of critical thinking skills. Unlike conventional teaching methods, which cater to a large group of students, who are more often than not passive in the learning process, learning huddles are being employed in small groups and there is an active engagement of the medical students. Active engagement means medical students actively involve themselves in class discussions, knowledge-sharing, and problem-solving activities related to real-life scenarios. As we indulge in the process of implementation of learning huddles, there are multiple essential considerations that must be kept in mind to augment the overall learning experience and attainment of the learning outcomes. In conclusion, learning huddles have the potential to equip medical students with the required skills to be effective practitioners. As this method has been associated with multiple merits and requires limited resources, all medical institutions must explore and look forward to implementing them in their curriculum.
Proximal and Distal Nerve Conduction Studies in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Ismaylov Rashad , Özdemir Sadıka , Talibov Tural , Sirin Nermin Görkem , Orhan Elif Kocasoy , Baslo Mehmet Barış 
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Aims:
The exact reason for the decrease in median nerve motor conduction velocity (MMCV) in the forearm in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is debatable. However, some studies support the hypothesis of blockage of large, myelinated fibers in the carpal tunnel, and/or retrograde axonal degeneration. We aimed to determine the decrease in the MMCV of the second lumbrical (FMMCVL) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles recorded in the forearm (FMMCVAPB) in patients with CTS compared with a control group and also to compare the MMCV among CTS subgroups with different severity.

Methods:
The study included data on the hands of 51 patients and 20 volunteer controls. Patients were divided into four groups according to the severity of the involvement, minimal, mild, moderate, and severe. Routine median, ulnar, and comparative conduction studies were performed. By stimulating the median nerve at the palm, wrist, and elbow, responses were recorded over the APB and second lumbrical muscles. MMCV was assessed in the transcarpal segment (TCMMCV) and forearm.

Results:
The mean FMMCVAPB and FMMCVL in patients were 53.8 ± 4.2 m/s and 54.3 ± 5.6 m/s, respectively, and were significantly slower than in the controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). The FMMCVL was significantly decreased in the severe group compared with the other three groups (P < 0.001). FMMCVL and FMMCVAPB relatively decreased as CTS severity increased.

Conclusion:
In this study, FMMCVAPB and FMMCVL were found significantly slower. Slowing of FMMCVL in the forearm is related to the severity of CTS. The decrease in MMCV in the forearm did not parallel the decrease in TCMMCV. This suggests that retrograde axonal degeneration may be the contributing factor to forearm slowing. There is also an association between axonal degeneration and disease severity.
Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy as an initial presentation of a clinically isolated syndrome: A case report
Authors: Alnosair Ghadah , Alanazi Khalid A. , Alhumaid Fatima I. , Alshuhayb Bayan S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. It has a wide range of manifestations and commonly affects the visual system. Many patients with MS report decreased vision, diplopia, nystagmus, and abnormal ocular motility. Nevertheless, bilateral horizontal gaze palsies are exceptionally rarely seen. We present the case of a 24-year-old female who came to our pediatric ophthalmology clinic complaining of bilateral horizontal gaze palsy, photophobia, and eye pain for 2 days. Although the patient had a family history of MS, there was no similar or previous complaint, with an unremarkable past medical and surgical history. During the examination, she was found to have a complete bilateral absence of horizontal saccade and pursuit, with slight limitations in vertical ones. There was no nystagmus or skew deviation, and the rest of the cranial nerves (CNs) were intact. Her ocular vital signs were normal, and her corrected visual acuity was 20/20 with full-color vision. The rest of the physical and neurological examinations were unremarkable. After referral to neurology, the magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple hyperintense lesions in deep white matter, pons, and midbrain. The correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentation confirmed the diagnosis of a clinically isolated syndrome. Extra-ocular motility (EOM) significantly improved after pulse steroid therapy and five sessions of plasma exchange, but the patient developed 35 prism diopter of acquired concomitant esotropia. She underwent a right medial rectus botulinum toxin injection which dramatically improved her condition, and became orthotropic during the last 2 months of follow-up after the injection.
An Observational Study on Morphological Types of Cataracts in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Vats Sumedha , Agrawal Mohini , Jakhar Pushpendra , Dhiman Shrey , Sangwan Kirti , Anadure Ravi K. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate common morphological types of cataracts in patients with hypertension (HTN) alone (hypertensive patients) planned for cataract surgery.

Methods:
It is a prospective cross-sectional study. It was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary eye care centre from January 2022 to June 2022. Hypertensive patients, without any other systemic diseases, who presented with cataract in either of their eyes were included in the study. The classification of cataract was performed according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III.

Results:
Two hundred and eighty eyes of 140 patients were included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 64.9 ± 7.38 years(median 67 years; range 39.81 years). There were 63 (45%) males, and the rest were females. Of 140, 14 patients were below the age of 55 years, 2 patients were above 75 years, and the majority (42 patients) belonged to the age group between 67 and 70 years. Nuclear sclerosis (NS) cataract was the most common morphological type found in the eyes of hypertensive patients followed by posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). PSC significantly correlated with HTN when compared to other types of cataracts excluding NS (P < 0.0001). No significant relation was found between the grade of HTN and the grade of NS.

Conclusion:
Apart from the risk of formation of any type of cataract, NS and PSC were more commonly found in patients with HTN. Moreover, PSC was closely related to HTN when compared to other types of cataracts excluding NS.
Incidence of Central Involving Macular Oedema After Cataract Surgery in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients – A Prospective Study
Authors: Mansa Devi Sankari Alias , Madhanagopalan V.G. 
Published: March 2024

Aim:
To study the incidence of central macular oedema at 4, 8 and 12 weeks following cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy eyes.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 3 months to investigate the presence of centrally involved macular oedema following cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy patients. Preoperative OCT scans were performed and patients without centrally involved macular oedema were enrolled. Subfield thickness (central, outer and inner) was measured preoperatively and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The correlation between diabetic macular oedema (DME) and HbA1c, as well as random blood sugar (RBS) levels at the time of surgery, was analysed. Best.corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively, and fundus examinations were conducted each visit to evaluate diabetic retinopathy progression.

Results:
This study included 80 eyes from 44 patients. Postoperatively, central subfield thickness (CSF) increased significantly at first (14.7 μm), second (26.7 μm) and third (30.3 μm) compared to baseline. Inner subfield thickness (ISF) also increased at first (13.3 μm), second (20.6 μm) and third (24.3 μm) months, while the outer subfield thickness (OSF) showed progression from 6.7 μm to 16.6 μm from the first to third month. A statistically significant shift in DME was observed three months post.cataract surgery. There was a significant association between HbA1c levels and the development of DME, but no correlation with RBS levels. BCVA improved remarkably from preoperative mean log MAR of 0.75 to a mean log MAR of 0.1 at 3 months postoperatively. About 30% had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) preoperatively, and in that group, 60% progressed to moderate NPDR. The status of moderate and severe NPDR remained the same postoperatively at 3 months. Of all patients who progressed to moderate NPDR, 3 cases developed non-central macular oedema, and three cases developed both central and non.central macular oedema postoperatively at 3 months. All eyes with severe NPDR resulted in DME, except for one (9.1%) eye.

Conclusion:
Preoperatively, 57.5% had no macular oedema, while 42.5% had non.central macular oedema. Postoperatively, 4.4% had central oedema, and 10.9% had both central and non.central oedema among those who initially had no macular oedema. Additionally, 38.2% developed oedema in both central and non.central regions among patients initially presenting with non-central macular oedema. There was also a significant statistical difference with longer duration of diabetes mellitus, severity of diabetic retinopathy and elevated HbA1c values with the development of diabetic macular oedema postoperatively. However, larger sample sizes and longer-term follow-up are essential for assessing retinopathy progression and the incidence of DME.
TEŠKOĆE U POSTAVLJANJU DIJAGNOZE MARFAN SINDROMA - PRIKAZ PORODICE
Authors: Cokić Bojana 
Published: March 2024

Uvod. Marfan sindrom je nasledno oboljenje vezivnog tkiva. Nasleđuje se autosomno-dominantno. Incidenca je 1/10 000-20 000. Bolest je uzrokovana mutacijom gena koji kodira strukturu fibrilina i elastičnih vlakana vezivnog tkiva. Odgovoran gen se zove Fibrilin-1 ili FBN1. Mutacija gena fibrilin-1 (FBN1) je locirana na hromozomu 15 q 21.1. Kao rezultat toga su pogođeni mnogi sistemi i organi: srce, krvni sudovi, kosti, tetive, hrskavica, oči, nervni sistem, koža i pluća. Marfan sindrom se manifestuje na različite načine kod dece, te samim tim život nije svakome isti. Neka deca imaju simptome koji se moraju lečiti dok su god druge dece simptomi blagi i oni samo odlaze na kontrole jedanom godišnje. Osobe sa Marfan sindromom danas mogu živeti duže zbog rane dijagnoze i tretmana.
Prikaz porodice. U porodici Marfan sindrom imaju otac i sin. Majka i starija ćerka su zdrave. U porodici niko nije imao visok rast. Žive u selu, lošeg su materijalnog statusa. U oca je dijagnoza postavljena na pregledu za služenje vojnog roka. U sina je dijagnoza postavljena u uzrastu malog deteta. Do tada je ispitivan i lečen kao cerebralna paraliza (posledica teškog porođaja).
Zaključak. Marfan sindrom se na rođenju teško prepoznaje. Zato svakom detetu sa visokim rastom ozbiljno pristupiti radi specifične dijagnostike. Na vreme postavljena dijagnoza otkriva faktore rizika i sprečava ili odlaže teške komplikacije bolesti.
BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS INDEX ION CHILDREN WITH TRUE AMBULATORY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Bjelaković Bojko , Vukomanović Vladislav , Šaranac Ljiljana , Krstić Miloš , Jović Marko , Petrovski Vanja 
Published: March 2024

This study sought to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure variability and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in children with true ambulatory hypertension. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 115 children who were consecutively referred for evaluation of hypertension to our University Children’s Hospital. The calculated blood pressure variability (BPV) measures were 24-h average real variability (ARV) and 24-hour weighted SD (wSD). LVMI was estimated by M-mode echocardiography using Devereux’s formula and indexed for height.
A total of 35 children had true ambulatory hypertension. We found no correlation between 24-hour ARV and wSD with LVMI. On the other hand, partial correlation analysis revealed statistically significant and inverse correlation between 24-hour ARV and LVMI, controlling for body mass index (r = -0,516; P = 0.002).
Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate inverse association of LVMI and BPV as expressed by ARV in a population of true hypertensive children.
МILAN JOVANOVIĆ BATUT - UTEMELJIVAČ PREVENTIVNE MEDICINE U SRBIJI
Authors: Stanimirov Branislava 
Published: March 2024

I nakon 75 godina od fizičkog nestanka Profesora Milana Jovanovića Batuta, on je jedan među retkim u našem narodu koji ne odlaze tako lako u zaborav.Trajno poznat, ostao je jedinstvena pojava po samom nazivu - Batut. Neprevaziđeni zdravstveni prosvetitelj i vaspitač, snagom svog morala, talenta, uma, truda, upornosti i istrajnosti ostvario je delo neprolazne vrednosti. On je svoj život po sopstvenom priznanju posvetio svom narodu, i ne samo svom. Retke su države i narodi koji su imali privilegiju da imaju takve izuzetne ličnosti. Omiljeni učitelj zdravlja bio i ostao.
UPOREDNA STUDIJA PROPOMUCIL® PREPARATA U TRETMANU AKUTNIH RESPIRATORNIH INFEKCIJA GORNJIH DISAJNIH PUTEVA KOD DECE
Authors: Bajec-Opančina Aleksandra , Šubarević Vladan , Stanković Katarina , Novković Mladen , Đorđević Vladan 
Published: March 2024

Uvod i cilj. Akutne respiratorne infekcije su vrlo čest problem sa kojima se susreću deca, naročito mlađeg uzrasta. Simptomatologija je u slučaju virusnog porekla infekcije nespecifična, pa je i terapija simptomatska. Fitoterapija predstavlja upoređivanje farmakoloških svojstava hemijskih lekova u interakciji sa biljem i proizvodima iz prirode. Savremeno doba donelo je moderne smernice u ispitivanjima biljaka što je potvrdilo iskustvo naših predaka u korišćenju bilja pri lečenju i ublažavanju tegoba. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se proceni efikasnost i bezbednost PropoMucil® sirupa i PropoMucil® spreja za nos kod dece sa respiratornim infekcijama.
Metod rada i pacijenti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno od januara do aprila 2016. godine u Institutu za majku i dete „Dr Vukan Čupić“ u Beogradu. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene dve grupe dece: grupa A-deca sa simptomima sekretornog zapaljenja srednjeg uha i gupa B-deca sa simptomima zapaljenja nosne sluznice. U obe grupe dece beleženi su na prvom pregledu demografski podaci, dužina trajanja simptoma i komorbiditeti, dok su na prvom i kontrolnom pregledu beleženi simptomi, otoskopski i timpanometrijski nalaz - u grupi A i endoskopski nalaz, izgled sekreta i mikrobiološki nalaz u grupi B.
Rezultati. U grupi A dece je pri kontrolnom pregledu statistički bila manje zastupljena simptomatologija infekcije, uz normalizaciju otoskopskog i timpanometrijskog nalaza. U grupi B dece je na ponovnom pregledu statistički bila manje zastupljena simptomatologija infekcije, došlo je do normalizacije endoskopskog nalaza, izgleda sekreta i mikrobiološkog nalaza.
Zaključak. Istraživanje je doprinelo vrednovanju fitoterapije, kao terapije izbora, u prevenciji i lečenju respiratornih infekcija.
PREVENTIVNA MEDICINSKA EPIGENETIKA
Authors: Obrenović Milan , Kavečan Ivana , Privrodski Boris , Redžek Mudrinić Tatjana 
Published: March 2024

Epigenetika je oblast medicine koja se intenzivno razvija i saznanja iz ove oblasti se primenjuju u preventivnoj pedijatriji i drugim oblastima medicine. Primena epigenetičkih saznanja u preventivnoj pedijatriji je sve zastupljenija i interesantna sa više aspekata. U određenim okolnostima, s jedne strane uticaj epigenetičkih faktora može da izmeni ekspresiju gena i da dovede do ispoljavanja bolesti, a može svojim uticajem da deluje i preventivno, i da odloži ispoljavanje bolesti, poboljša kvalitet života i utiče na produženje života. Izmenom epigenetičkih faktora može se uticati na to da se pojava oboljenja odloži ili ne ispolji. Kako su epigenetičke promene reverzibilne, i nema primarnog oštećenja DNK sekvence niti promena na hromozomima, postoje velike mogućnosti za osmišljavanje strategije intervencije promenama životnog stila i samim tim primenama tzv. epigenetičke preventivne terapije.
SAVREMENA SHVATANJA ETIOPATOGENEZE MIOKARDITISA U DECE
Authors: Bjelaković Bojko , Ćirić Tašić Marija 
Published: March 2024

Miokarditis tj. inflamacija tkiva miokarda predstavlja veoma kompleksan klinički entititet koji u mnogim svojim segmentima predstavlja enigmu za lekare i istraživače.
Pored virusa koji su u najvećem broju slučajeva glavni inicijatori inflamacije srca u dece, miokarditis može biti uzrokovan i toksinima, ishemijom, mehaničkim oštećenjem, lekovima, ali i imunim reakcijama kod transplantirane dece ili u sklopu sistemskih bolesti vezivnog tkiva. Iako je incidenca klinički manifestnih formi miokarditisa relativno mala, evolucija bolesti i često nepovoljan tok: razvoj dilatantne kardiomiopatije, kliničke slike aritmogene displazije desne komore ili infarkta miokarda i ne retko fulminantni tok bolesti, pridaju mu veliki sociomedicinski značaj. Iako je danas nedvosmisleno pokazano da je ključna komponenta koja određuje način i formu ispoljavanja bolesti kao i njen konačan ishod upravo kvalitet imunog odgovora, još uvek postoje velike dileme vezane za način kliničke evaluacije i terapiju kako dece tako i odraslih osoba sa miokarditisom.
ZNAČAJ PSIHO-SOCIJALNE PODRŠKE: PLUĆNA TUBERKULOZA I MALOLETNIČKA TRUDNOĆA - PRIKAZ SLUČAJA
Authors: Milošević Jasmina 
Published: March 2024

Uvod. Informisanje i edukacija mladih o zdravim navikama i riziko-faktorima ključne su mere prevencije i temeljni postupak u očuvanju zdravlja. Mladi često nerealno procenjuju negativne posledice svog seksualnog ponašanja.
Prikaz slučaja. Pregledom i analizom medicinske dokumentacije, uvidom u porodični, socijalni, ekonomski i zdravstveno-vaspitni status maloletne pacijentkinje utvrđeno je stanje u oblasti reproduktivnog i opšteg zdravlja. Individualni, holistički pristup i evidentirana saznanja relevantni su za kreiranje i primenu odgovarajućih programa zdravstvene edukacije.
Zaključak. Kao rezultat prikaza slučaja može se zaključiti da je, zbog sveobuhvatnog problema maloletničke trudnoće i tuberkuloze, koji pored reproduktivnog i opšteg zdravlja ugrožava i psiho-socijalno funkcionisanje pojedinca i porodice, potrebno sprovesti adekvatne mere i aktivnosti u prevenciji, ranoj intervenciji i tretmanu pacijentkinje.
PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PERANTARA JUAL BELI NARKOTIKA BERDASARKAN UU NO 35 TAHUN 2009 (STUDI PUTUSAN 05/PID.SUS-ANAK/2015)
Authors: Fauziah Novita Lailatul , Megawati Wenny 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The methodology approach used in this study is normative legal analysis. Legal provisions for safeguarding children's rights throughout the judicial proceedings are applied from the investigative stage, inquiry, prosecution, court examination, to the execution of court judgments. Throughout the legal process, the protection of children's rights must adhere to the relevant legal regulations and, consequently, should be consistently executed by the parties participating in addressing juvenile delinquency issues, as stipulated in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.