bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases
Authors: Zhang Linfang , Chi Jingshu , Wu Hao , Xia Xiujuan , Xu Canxia , Hao Hong , Liu Zhenguo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Studies have shown that infections especially bacteraemia and sepsis are associated with increased risks for endothelial dysfunction and related CVDs including atherosclerosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, sealed membrane‐derived structures that are released into body fluids and blood from cells and/or microbes and are critically involved in a variety of important cell functions and disease development, including intercellular communications, immune responses and inflammation. It is known that EVs‐mediated mechanism(s) is important in the development of endothelial dysfunction in infections with a diverse spectrum of microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, SARS‐CoV‐2 (the virus for COVID‐19) and Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori infection is one of the most common infections globally. During H. pylori infection, EVs can carry H. pylori components, such as lipopolysaccharide, cytotoxin‐associated gene A, or vacuolating cytotoxin A, and transfer these substances into endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. This review is to illustrate the important role of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and the development of endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases especially H. pylori infection, and to discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
Parental questions about sex chromosome aneuploidies regarding sex, gender, and sexual orientation as reported by genetic counselors in a prenatal setting
Authors: Burzynski Sarah , Leonard Jaqueline , Albrecht Jenna Plamondon , Doyle Lauren E. , Mills Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe introduction of cell‐free DNA screening has resulted in increased prenatal identification of sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). This study aimed to evaluate genetic counselor experiences disclosing SCAs positive prenatal screening or testing results and genetic counselor‐reported parental questions regarding sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Forty‐eight prenatal genetic counselors completed the survey. When asked to quantify their experiences, 97.9% of counselors reported disclosing a SCAs positive screen result within the previous year, and 81.3% disclosed a diagnostic result. Of those counselors, 53.8% reported always or often receiving parental questions about sex, 33% always or often about gender, and 25% always or often regarding sexual orientation. Counselors were asked to share examples of parental questions following a positive screen or diagnostic testing for SCAs. Parental questions were stratified by karyotype and content analysis revealed questions about the fetus' sex, anatomy, reproduction, being cisgender, gender expression, behavior, being transgender, and sexual orientation. The examples of parental questions provided by genetic counselors suggested some parents may have misconceptions about the intersection of SCAs with sex, gender, and sexual orientation following prenatal screening or diagnostic testing. The majority of counselors (83.3%) agreed to some extent that they desired further education on responding to parental questions about SCAs. Findings from this research suggest a need for genetic counseling strategies that accurately and respectfully discuss SCAs in the context of sex, gender, and sexual orientation with prenatal patients.
CPAK classification detect the real knee joint apex position in less than half of the knees
Authors: Şahbat Yavuz , Chou Te‐feng Arthur , An Jae‐Sung , Gülağacı Fırat , Ollivier Matthieu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeAccurate assessment of the knee joint line is essential for surgeries involving the knee. The knee joint line obliquity (KJLO) is a radiological measurement that evaluates the position of the knee joint relative to the ground and is frequently used in preoperative planning and clinical follow‐up. On the other hand, coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classifications assesses the joint line as the summation of the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA). The purpose of this study is to determine the concordance of these two measurement techniques.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated the long‐leg standing radiographs (LSRs) of 164 healthy knees. The extremity KJLO and CPAK classification JLO were measured twice by two observers at 8‐week intervals. The knee joint line apex positions (proximal, neutral and distal) of the two measurement techniques are compared (concordance or discordant). The intraobserver and interobserver reliability were examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Possible causes of the discordant were evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsCPAK classification detected the KJLO apex position in 70 extremities (42.7%) only. Subgroups CPAK JLO detected 13.6% of the proximal apex, 20.4% of the neutral, and 90.7% of the distal apex (p < 0.01). Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, the variable KJLO apex position (proximal, neutral vs. distal, odds ratio (OR) = 10.291, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.225–25.656, and (p < 0.01) was determined as a risk factor for discordant.ConclusionThe CPAK JLO measurement technique can be misleading in defining the KJLO apex position and the concordance between them is less than 50%. It has a high tendency to misleadingly predict proximal and neutral apex positions, which can potentially have negative implications for assessing the joint line.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Rare‐earth element phytoextraction efficiency in southern Chinese mines under different clipping intensities using a co‐cropping system (Dicranopteris pedata and Pinus massoniana)
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Feng Liujun , Lin Yu , Wang Haiyan , Chen Zhibiao , Chen Zuliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOur understanding of how varying clipping intensities affect the efficiency of phytoextraction remains limited, particularly with co‐cropping systems. This study focuses on assessing the effects of different clipping intensities on phytoextraction efficiency within co‐cropping systems dominated by the key species Dicranopteris pedata and Pinus massoniana in rare‐earth mines of southern China. Our results confirmed the following. Firstly, the compensation index, dry aboveground biomass, and rare‐earth elements (REE) accumulation of clipped D. pedata per unit area were highest under 100% clipping (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the bioabsorption coefficient, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor of P. massoniana were less than 1. Secondly, the soil catalase, sucrase, and α‐diversity indices of bacteria and fungi separately indicated no significant variation between the clipping treatments and control. The REE content in tree rings increased, and the total REE contents in thicker tree rings were higher than those in the thinner tree rings of P. massoniana from 1997 to 2016. Additionally, the soil erosion intensity diminished significantly in the growth area of P. massoniana from 1995 to 2019. Thirdly, both D. pedata and P. massoniana, when subjected to 100% clipping, could effectively remove excess REEs from the 0–20 cm soil layer within 18.57–61.19 years. In contrast, P. massoniana alone achieved a removal rate of excess REEs in the 20–60 cm layer, within 923.16–1899.62 years. Thus, D. pedata with 100% clipping can phytoextract the maximum amount of REEs. It is noted that P. massoniana cannot be used for REEs phytoextraction or phytostabilization. Co‐cropping with 100% clipping would have a less negative impact on growth and REEs extraction, and the co‐cropping system can phytoextract excess REEs from the surface soil within decades. However, it is not efficient for the phytoextraction of excess REEs from deep soil layers.
Dynamic flow for efficient partial decellularization of tracheal grafts: A preliminary rabbit study
Authors: Byun Woo Yul , Liu Lumei , Palutsis Amanda , Tan Zheng Hong , Herster Rachel , VanKoevering Kyle , Manning Amy , Chiang Tendy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveBioengineered tracheal grafts are a potential solution for the repair of long‐segment tracheal defects. A recent advancement is partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTGs) which enable regeneration of host epithelium and retain viable donor chondrocytes for hypothesized benefits to mechanical properties. We propose a novel and tunable 3D‐printed bioreactor for creating large animal PDTG that brings this technology closer to the bedside.MethodsConventional agitated immersion with surfactant and enzymatic activity was used to partially decellularize New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tracheal segments (n = 3). In parallel, tracheal segments (n = 3) were decellularized in the bioreactor with continuous extraluminal flow of medium and alternating intraluminal flow of surfactant and medium. Unprocessed tracheal segments (n = 3) were also collected as a control. The grafts were assessed using the H&E stain, tissue DNA content, live/dead assay, Masson's trichrome stain, and mechanical testing.ResultsConventional processing required 10 h to achieve decellularization of the epithelium and submucosa with poor chondrocyte viability and mechanical strength. Using the bioreactor reduced processing time by 6 h and resulted in chondrocyte viability and mechanical strength similar to that of native trachea.ConclusionLarge animal PDTG created using our novel 3D printed bioreactor is a promising approach to efficiently produce tracheal grafts. The bioreactor offers flexibility and adjustability favorable to creating PDTG for clinical research and use. Future research includes optimizing flow conditions and transplantation to assess post‐implant regeneration and mechanical properties.Level of EvidenceNA.
Fast, Precise, High Contrast Laser Writing for Photonic Chips with Phase Aberrations
Authors: Sun Bangshan , Moser Simon , Jesacher Alexander , Salter Patrick S. , Thomson Robert R. , Booth Martin J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntegrated photonic chips have significant potential in telecommunications, classic computing, quantum systems, and topological photonics. Direct laser writing offers unique capability for creating three‐dimensional photonic devices in an optical glass chip with quick prototyping. However, it is a challenge for existing laser writing schemes to create index‐modified structures in glass that precisely match the laser focal shape while also achieving high refractive index contrasts and high scanning speeds. Here, we introduce a refractive index modification scheme that combines the advantages of non‐thermal and thermal regime fabrication methods. We also propose a waveguide formation model that is verified through a thorough study on the effects of phase aberrations. The presented new photonic chip fabrication scheme uses a novel focal intensity distribution, where pulse energy is relocated to the bottom of a laser focus by manipulating primary and higher order spherical aberrations. The technique can produce index modifications with high scanning speed (can be 20 mm/s or higher), high index contrast (ranging from 0.009 to 0.021), and high precision to fabricate with arbitrary cross‐sections. This method has potential to expand the capabilities of photonic chips in applications that require small‐scale, high precision, or high contrast refractive index control.
Diamond Based Optical Metasurfaces for Broadband Wavefront Shaping in Harsh Environment
Authors: Yang Xun , Wu Bo , Chen Pei‐Pei , Xie Yi‐Yang , Lin Chao‐Nan , Zhang Zhen‐Feng , Dou Wen‐Jie , Ni Pei‐Nan , Shan Chong‐Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetasurface enables a new class of “meta‐optics” that can manipulate light at subwavelength scale. Despite that versatile metasurfaces have been demonstrated based on a wide range of materials, the vulnerability of conventional materials to harsh environments, i.e., low resistance to corrosion, low transparency at short wavelength, and lack of thermal/mechanical stability, greatly limit their applications in extreme conditions. Diamond is well‐known for exceptional properties, including the highest thermal conductivity, high damage resistance, extraordinary hardness, and chemical inertness. Therefore, diamond based metasurface is generally expected to benefit from its material merits for extreme use. However, the performance of diamond metasurface in harsh environments remains unexplored up to date. To address this question, this work is designed to study the suitability of single‐crystal diamond based metasurface for broadband applications under harsh environments. As an example, diamond metasurfaces with representative functionalities, including holographic wavefront‐shaping, DUV‐focusing, are investigated under high‐temperature, acid/alkali, and abrasive conditions, respectively. The findings prove the capability of diamond metasurfaces for applications in broadband and harsh conditions, which not only provides a practical and scalable scheme to encode on‐demand functionalities into diamond, but also unlocks a capable candidate to develop robust, large bandwidth, and durable meta‐optics for advanced wavefront shaping under extreme conditions.
Design of Silk Fabric Surface with Enhanced Antiseptic Properties through Graft Modification and Iodophor Integration
Authors: Dinçer Sefa , Erdoğan Meryem Kalkan , OmerOglou Emine , Kiran Fadime , Karakışla Meral , Saçak Mehmet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo improve the hydrophobic character of silk and impart iodine complex ion adsorption, the surface of woven silk fabric is enriched by different functional groups through the grafting of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and their mixtures (NVP–EGDMA). The dominant fibrous texture of silk enables an efficient graft copolymerization in terms of high grafting yield (>30%) after applying a mild degumming process. The structural and morphological alterations in the silk surface are evidenced with attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The imparted hydrophilicity property of the samples is revealed by contact angle–wetting time measurements. The usability of the graft‐modified samples as an iodophor polymeric substrate is then examined by treatment with I2/KI solutions, and the results are monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy. It is obtained that the NVP–EGDMA mixture‐grafted sample exhibits satisfactorily high iodine adsorption compared to untreated and NVP‐grafted silk samples, such as 0.05 g per 1 g fabric with high antibacterial activity against various pathogens, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) responsible for hospital‐acquired infections. This finding evidences its potential as an alternative antiseptic tissue for biomedical applications.
Thiol‐Ene Photo Crosslinked PUA‐PUMA‐Based Flexible Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Uyumaz Fatmanur , Nurgaziyeva Elmira , Kalybekkyzy Sandugash , Kahraman Memet Vezir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCrosslinked polymer films, formed via sol–gel and UV photocrosslinking, serve as gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) in lithium‐ion batteries. Combining polyurethane acrylate (PUA), polyurethane methacrylate (PUMA), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), and 3‐mercaptopropyl trimetoxysilane (MPTMS) yields flexible membranes, enhancing stability and liquid electrolyte compatibility. The resulting GPE displays higher ionic conductivity (1.46 × 10−3 S cm−1) than Celgrad2500, with PUA‐PUMA's hydrophilicity and PETMP's SH groups preventing leakage. GPPF1, the developed GPE, offers improved ionic conductivity, a stable electrochemical window up to 3.8 V, and heightened safety for versatile energy storage systems.
Quality differentiation and channel structure on online platforms
Authors: Zhang Huilian , Nie Jiajia , Luo Huajiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine how quality differentiation affects a manufacturer's channel strategy when selling through an offline retailer and a platform. The manufacturer can choose to distribute high‐ or low‐quality products online/offline via agency or reselling channels. We demonstrate that agency selling (reselling) is optimal when the commission rate is low (otherwise). Moreover, the manufacturer chooses to sell high‐quality (low‐quality) goods online if the cost difference between the two quality levels is low (high). Interestingly, as the quality difference increases, the manufacturer is more likely to offer high‐quality goods online. The platform and the retailer cannot benefit from the manufacturer's decisions simultaneously.
A scalar–tensor impedance metasurface for frequency‐multiplexed multifunctional orbital angular momentum beams generation
Authors: Huang Huifen , Ma Yingjing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA scalar‐tensor composite holographic impedance meta surface (HIMS) for frequency‐multiplexed is proposed. The scalar and tensor parts operate at low frequency and high frequency, respectively, the coupling between them can be over come, and then more multifunction orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams with good performance can be obtained. As an example, a scalar‐tensor HIMS is designed for three OAM beams: (1) Beam‐I at fL = 11.2 GHz, which is generated by scalar part. (2) At fH = 18.2 GHz, Beam‐II and Beam‐III, which are generated by tensor part. The proposed scalar‐tensor HIMS has the following advantages: (i) More flexible multifunction design due to the decoupling of scalar and tensor parts. (ii) High aperture efficiency (14.93% at 11.2 GHz, much higher than conventional scalar HIMS, 23.3% at 18.2 GHz). The HIMS can be used in future high‐capacity secure communication, imaging, and so on.
Enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic application for water purification and hydrogen evolution by large‐sized nanofilm‐constructed hierarchical porous g‐C3N4/SiO2
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Long Fei , Guo Yanhong , Liang Yunxiao , Wang Jing , Ren Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe large‐sized nanofilm‐constructed hierarchical porous SiO2 (LNCHPS) is successfully prepared by the dual templating approach and subsequently used as the support for g‐C3N4. A series of characterization techniques are conducted to evaluate the structure and property of the as‐prepared materials. The LNCHPS possesses two sets of explicated successive pass‐through macropores (0.5–1.0 µm) with large specific surface area. In addition, the macropore wall is constructed by uniform mesoporous nanofilms with the thickness ranging from 35 to 50 nm. Then, the photocatalytic property is investigated by degradations towards Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated sunlight, in which experiments have been performed through controlling the g‐C3N4 loading contents, solution pH values, and photocatalyst dosages. The apparent rate constant of g‐C3N4/LNCHPS could reach 0.03 min−1 under optimum conditions, showing 6.0 times that of the bulk g‐C3N4. In addition, g‐C3N4/LNCHPS also exhibits significantly enhanced performance in H2 evolution (39.9 µmol h−1) compared to that of the bulk g‐C3N4. High light absorption and utilization, enhanced adsorption capability and quick electron hole separation can render this fine structure excellent photocatalytic performance. Our work enables a facile route for large‐scale preparation of g‐C3N4/LNCHPS for addressing the wastewater treatment and hydrogen energy production simultaneously.
Elective Neck Dissection in cT1‐4 N0M0 Head and Neck Basaloid Carcinoma
Authors: Patel Aman M. , Haleem Afash , Choudhry Hassaam S. , Brody Robert M. , Brant Jason A. , Carey Ryan M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the survival benefit of elective neck dissection (END) over neck observation in surgically resected cT1‐4 N0M0 head and neck basaloid carcinoma (HNBC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe 2006 to 2017 hospital‐based National Cancer Database.MethodsPatients with surgically resected cT1‐4 N0M0 HNBC were selected. Linear, binary logistic, Kaplan‐Meier, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were implemented.ResultsOf 857 patients satisfying inclusion criteria, the majority were male (77.0%) and white (88.1%) with disease of the oral cavity (21.5%) or oropharynx (42.9%) classified as high grade (76.9%) and cT1‐2 (72.9%). 389 (45.4%) patients underwent END. END utilization between 2006 and 2017 increased for cT1‐2 disease (33.3% vs 56.9%, R2 = .699) but remained relatively constant for cT3‐4 disease (66.7% vs 57.9%, R2 = .062). One‐hundred and fifteen (29.6%) ENDs detected occult nodal metastases (ONMs). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing neck observation and END was 65.6% and 66.8%, respectively (P = .652). END was not associated with improved OS in survival analyses stratified by patient demographics, clinicopathologic features, and adjuvant therapy. Compared with surgery alone, adjuvant radiotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57‐0.97, P = .031) was associated with improved OS. END (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.71‐1.28, P = .770) and ONM (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.78‐1.61, P = .551) were not associated with OS.ConclusionEND is performed in nearly half of patients with HNBC but is not associated with improved OS, even after stratifying survival analyses by patient demographics, clinicopathologic features, and adjuvant therapy. The rate of ONM approaching 30%, however, justifies inclusion of END in the surgical management of HNBC.
Resources Utilized by Otolaryngology Fellowship Directors When Determining Reputations of Residency Programs
Authors: Ni Garrett , Shah Arnav , Polacco Marc , McLean Caitlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveResidency program reputation is consistently reported as an important factor by fellowship directors when considering applicants. This study sets out to determine resources fellowship directors rely on when determining residency program reputation.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUsing an anonymous online survey of all 2022 Otolaryngology (OHNS) fellowship program directors.MethodsThe 13‐question survey sought to assess fellowship director's perspectives and resource utilization when determining residency program reputation.ResultsRepresenting all OHNS fellowship program directors and co‐directors (N = 287), 103 responded to our survey, response rate 35.9%. Most participants reported that residency reputation was important for fellowship candidacy. On a Likert scale of 1 to 5, 1 being most important and 5 being not important, personal knowledge of the residency program (2.03 out of 5) and program faculty/mentor reputation (2.09 out of 5) were the most important factors cited. 63% were unfamiliar with the survey methodology of Doximity Residency Navigator (DRN), while 53% contributed to DRN by filling out surveys. Nearly all fellowship directors (N = 100, 97%) reported their rank list was not influenced by DRN. Most fellowship directors reported that US News and World Report (USNWR) and DRN were neither consistent nor inconsistent with their perceptions of residency reputations (38% and 56%, respectively), suggesting ambivalence toward these resources.ConclusionResidency reputation is important for fellowship directors when evaluating fellowship candidates. Directors do not rely on USNWR, National Institute of Health (NIH) ranking, or DRN when gauging residency reputation, but rather personal knowledge of the applicant's residency program or reputation of the otolaryngology faculty.