bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headspace – Solid phase microextraction vs liquid injection GC-MS analysis of essential oils: Prediction of linear retention indices by multiple linear regression
Authors: Hristozova Asya , Batmazyan Margarita , Simitchiev Kiril , Tsoneva Slava , Kmetov Veselin , Rosenberg Erwin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the relative independence from the operational parameters, the linear retention indices (LRIs) are useful tool in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) qualitative analysis. The aim of the current study was to develop a multiple linear regression (MLR) model for the prediction of LRIs as a function of selected molecular descriptors. Liquid injection GC-MS was used for the analysis of Essential oils (Rose, Lavender and Peppermint) separating the ingredients by a semi-standard non-polar stationary phase. As a result, a sum of 103 compounds were identified and their experimental LRIs were derived relying on reference measurements of a standard mixture of n-alkanes (from C8 to C20). As a next step, a set of molecular descriptors was generated for the distinguished chemical structures. Further, a stepwise MLR was applied for the selection of the significant descriptors (variables) which can be used to predict the LRIs. From an exploit set of over 2000 molecular descriptors, it was found that only 16 can be regarded as significant and independent variables. At this point split validation was applied: the identified compounds were randomly divided into training (85%) and validation (15%) sets. The training set (87 compounds) was used to derive two MLR models by applying i) the ‘enter’ algorithm (R2 = 0.9960, RMSЕ = 17) and ii) the ‘stepwise’ one (R2 = 0.9958, RMSЕ = 17). The predictive power was assessed by the validation set (16 compounds) as follows i) q2F1 = 0.9896, RMSE = 25 and ii) q2F1 = 0.9886, RMSE = 26, respectively. The adequateness of both regression approaches was further evaluated. Newly developed headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedures in combination with GC-MS were used for an alternative analysis of the studied Essential oils. Twelve additional compounds, not previously detected by the liquid sample introduction mode of analysis, were identified for which the values of the significant descriptors were within the working range of the developed MLRs. For the last compounds, the LRIs were calculated and the experimental data was used as an external set for assessment of the regression models. The predictive power for both regression approaches was assessed as follows: Enter RMSE = 41, q2F2 = 0.9503 and Stepwise RMSE = 40, q2F2 = 0.9521.
Successful Grafting of Two Indonesian Clones of Piper nigrum L. with P. colubrinum Link.: Effects of IBA and NAA on Rooting and Effects of BA on Grafting
Authors: Yusnita Yusnita , Hapsoro Dwi , Prayogi Adi Noor , Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Karyanto Agus 
Published: February 2024

<p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of auxin types and their concentrations on rooting of the rootstock cuttings and BA on grafting. First, IBA, NAA or IBA+NAA, each at 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm were used as treatments to study rooting of <em>P</em><em>iper colubrinum</em>. In the second experiment, BA (0 and 50 ppm) was applied to <em>P. nigrum</em> scion clones of Natar-1 and Petaling-2, before being grafted to the rootstocks. Results showed, that all types of auxins (IBA, NAA or IBA+NAA) induced rooting and shoot growth, and the increase of auxin concentrations led to the increase of rooting. However, their effectiveness was different. NAA and IBA+NAA were superior to IBA, and at 2000 ppm, IBA+NAA resulted in the best plant growth, as indicated by higher values of both rooting and shoot growth parameters. Compared to control, BA treatment on scions resulted in higher grafting success (80% vs. 93%) for Natar-1, and (73% vs.100%) for Petaling-2 clones. BA treatment on scions also induced more calluses in the graft union and better shoot growth. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of BA to increase success of grafting between <em>P. nigrum</em> and<em> P. </em><em>colubrinum</em>.</p>
Pengembangan Layanan Bimbingan Dan Konseling IAIN Madura Melalui Tes Psikologi Di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam SMP Plus Nurul Hikmah Pamekasan
Authors: Maimun Maimun , Mohammad Jamaluddin  , Ahmad Hinirrazi  
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program tes psikologi yang dilakukan oleh laboratorium dan pusat layanan Program Studi Bimbingan Konseling Pendidikan Islam IAIN Madura sebagai upaya pengembangan pusat layanan program studi tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan CIPP, Context, Input, Process, dan Product. Penelitian ini merupakan qualitative research dengan jenis studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan datanya meliputi observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; implementasi tes psikologi di SMP Plus Nurul Hikmah Pamekasan dilakukan melalui 3 tahap, yaitu; pra pelaksanaan, pelaksanaan dan pasca pelaksanaan yang dalam spektrum CIPP menggambarkan context, input dan process. Context berkaitan dengan latarbelakang yang dimulai dari sosialisasi dan komunikasi. Input menunjukkan kompetensi pengelola yang rata-rata memiliki gelar magister bidang psikologi dan BK. Adapun implikasi yang muncul dari pelaksanaan tes psikologi ini meliputi; adanya identifikasi bakat dan minat siswa, program pengembangan diri serta orientasi lomba-lomba olimpiade, yang dalam kacamata CIPP masuk pada product.
Analysis of pyranoanthocyanins, polymeric pigments and colour parameters in Port wines
Authors: Mesquita Jessica Lea , Escott Carlos , Graça António , De Freitas Victor , Morata António 
Published: February 2024

Context & aim: The two major categories of Port wines, Tawny and Ruby, are defined by their ageing conditions, with associated oxidative conditions being much more pronounced in the case of the former than the latter. The main aim of this study was to determine if, independently of the producer, all Port wines can be grouped into these styles based on their chromatic and pigment characteristics.
Methods: A total of 32 Port wine samples comprising eight different styles were provided by five different producers of the Douro region in Portugal for this work. All the samples were filtered prior to analysis for anthocyanin determination using an HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and unfiltered samples were used for the determination of colour parameters and CIE Lab coordinates. The samples were measured in triplicate for statistical analysis.
Results: The chromatic analysis of the Port wines showed Ruby style Ports to have a higher colour intensity and lower hue (°) than Tawny style Ports. The PCA analysis of colour parameters and CIE Lab coordinates clearly shows two separate clusters representing Ruby styles and Tawny styles respectively. Overall, Tawny style Ports had traces of or non-detected anthocyanins monoglucosides, a few styles having < 10 mg/L in the form of malvidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent; meanwhile Ruby styles showed higher concentrations of anthocyanins as detected by HPLC, sometimes reaching values close to 100 mg/L. The major anthocyanin family found across all wines (even in trace amounts) were pyranoanthocyanins, specifically vitisin A and coumaroylated vitisin A.
Main conclusions: The results prove that in terms of all the parameters studied there is a clear division between the two major styles of Port wines, which can be attributed to the differences between the ageing process of these two types of wines.
Electrically conductive polymer composites based on elastic fiber
Authors: Lozitskaya A. V. , Utekhin A. N. , Kondratov A. P. 
Published: February 2024

The possibility of obtaining electrically conductive composites by applying carbon suspensions to fibrous materials by aerosol spraying and screen printing, on printing equipment, which ensures high productivity, is shown. A manufacturing technology has been developed and the electromechanical properties of layered fibrous composites based on knitwear and graphite dispersion designed for the manufacture of strain and stress sensors used in "wearable electronics", robotics and medicine have been investigated. In an experimental study, it is shown that the conductive path, that is, the length of the chains of contacting filler particles decreases with tensile deformation due to the growth of microcracks in the material. The electrical resistance of growing microcracks has much higher values than the resistance of deformable piezoresistive material. Cracks can open and close in various ways during bending, torsion, stretching and compression deformation. The electrical conductivity of fibers and filaments significantly depends on the localization of electrically conductive particles on their surface or in volume. The location of the conductive chains on the surface or in the volume of the filaments determines the dependence of the electrical properties of composites on the state of the environment (composition, temperature, humidity). Preliminary studies of filaments with electrically conductive components of various chemical nature (metals, metal salts, carbon in various allotropic forms) show that changes in temperature and humidity significantly affect the resistivity of the conductive fiber. The paper presents data on the effect of temperature and humidity on the electromechanical properties of elastic fiber composites with graphite. When stretched to 15%, the calibration coefficient GF is reduced by 2 times at 100% humidity. The different influence of air temperature in the range of 100C-700C on the deformation and strain sensitivity during cyclic deformation up to 15% and 30% has been established. The presence of two ranges of deformation sensitivity is due to the difference in the mechanisms of elongation of knitwear due to straightening and stretching of threads. Different deformation and strain sensitivity of composites in the ranges of small and significant strains, at different temperatures and humidity of the air, has been established. The strain sensitivity reaches 130, and the strain sensitivity is 12 MPa -1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the stress sensitivity of known polymer composites with various electrically conductive fillers.
The rate of temperature increase in the inner layers of meat products during heat treatment in steam-air environments
Authors: Smagina M. N. , Smagin D. A. 
Published: February 2024

Studies have been conducted to study the rate of temperature increase in the subcortical and central layers of meat products with a different ratio of moisture/fat content when heated in steam-air environments. Skinless chicken fillet (wet fat- free sample) was selected as the objects of research SBI, humidity – 74.5%, fat content – 1.4%) and the meat of the shoulder part of the pork carcass (low-moisture, greasy sample), humidity – 55.1%, fat content - 29.4%). The products were molded in the form of a one-dimensional cylinder and plate. Heating was carried out in an environment of dry air and a vapor–air mixture with a moisture content of 80-85% at coolant temperatures of 160 ... 240 °С. Measurements were carried out in the subcortical layer (upper moist) and in the center (inner moist). The general rates of temperature increase in the studied layers are determined, the observed patterns are described. For a more complete description, the process was divided into periods of heating and bringing to readiness; a variant of separation by heating rate was selected, which was carried out based on the results of an analysis of changes in excess temperature over time. To analyze the presented data, the ratios of the rates of temperature increase were calculated depending on the type of coolant and the sample. It is shown that the rate of temperature increase increases with an increase in the temperature of the coolant at both treatment periods for all the studied variants. At the initial stage, a higher rate of temperature increase is observed when heated in a vapor–air mixture (due to the predominant heat transfer due to condensation), at the main stage - in the air (due to the predominant heat transfer due to convection). For the subcortical layer, at the initial stage, a higher temperature increase is observed for the low-moisture, greasy sample, at the main stage – for the wet fat- free sample (due to the evaporative capacity of the material). For the center, a higher increase is observed for the wet fat- free sample in both periods (due to the inhibitory effect of the fat melt of the low-moisture, greasy sample).
Modeling of fish products with dietary supplements
Authors: Vasyukova A. T. , Kusova I. U. , Edvars A. R. , Vadovsky I. K. , Sharova T. N. , Dzhаbоеvа A. S. 
Published: February 2024

In the process of research the questions of combining lean fish species with products of animal and vegetable origin, mutually complementing the amino acid composition of the finished product, which meets the chemical composition of the daily ration of the main variant of the diet prescribed in the treatment of non-infectious diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus, were considered. The main raw material for making soufflé, omelet and casserole was fresh-frozen pollock fish with additives of vegetable powders: freeze-dried dill, parsley and paprika, and onion, orange and yellow carrots, milk, butter and chicken egg were used as vegetable and animal raw materials. For heat treatment we chose gentle methods and modes of heat treatment: baking in a combi steamer on the mode "steam" and "heat". On the basis of modeling of the recipe components taking into account their biological value, new taste qualities of soufflé, casserole and omelet stuffed with the addition of powdered additives and vegetables that perform an additional structuring role were obtained. As a control were soufflé, omelette and casserole prepared according to the traditional recipe available in the regulatory documentation. Dependencies of raw and heat-treated products and their influence on the structure of soufflé and omelette were revealed. Sensory characteristics of new dishes taking into account the processing in a combi steamer are obtained. The parameters of technological processes at baking on a mode "steam" and "heat" at temperature 180-200 ℃ are established. The dependences of milk, eggs and butter on the binder components of the formulation - rice flour and powdered vegetable additives have been revealed. The factors that are fundamental in the manufacture of products intended for the OVD (diabetic) diet are substantiated. The obtained model composition of the formulations of fish soufflé, "Fish baked under egg and milk sauce" and omelet stuffed "Smile" meets the requirements, regulatory documentation and consumer preferences.
Analysis of water consumption in technological processes of grain processing for alcohol
Authors: Turshatov M. V. , Kononenko V. V. , Ledenev V. P. , Krivchenko V. A. , Solovyev A. O. , Nikitenko V. D. 
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the issues of water consumption in the production of ethyl alcohol from grain raw materials. The data on its demand for technological needs (for preparing a batch), as a refrigerant, for steam generation, for household needs are given. It is shown that water in specific terms is the most voluminous raw material resource (up to 1600 m3/1000 decaliters), but at the same time it is practically not consumed as a reagent for technological purposes. The analysis of options for the reuse of water was carried out and the possibility of reducing its consumption to 200 m3/1000 decaliters was shown, due to the repeated use of cooling water, by introducing a circulating water supply system, constant circulation of water through the cooling towers, where it is cooled. It is also noted the possibility of complete exclusion of water in the cooling processes through the use of "dry" cooling towers. In this case, the circulation of the refrigerant (for example, ethylene glycol) is carried out in a closed cycle. The relevance of using a single water flow for sequential cooling of semi-products is also shown: fermenting and saccharified wort, boiled mass using efficient heat exchangers of a spiral, plate type. An example is given of reducing water consumption for steam generation by reusing "conditionally clean" steam condensate formed in systems of "dull" heating of semi-finished products. An analysis was made of reducing the consumption of water for the preparation of the mixture due to the processing of raw materials in conditions of high concentrations and the reuse of the stillage filtrate. In addition to saving heat and energy resources, this reduces the volumes of formed stillage and industrial effluents. As a result, the costs of their processing and purification are reduced. A list of measures has been proposed that will reduce water consumption by 10 or more times and increase the profitability of alcohol production by 2–2.5%.
Features of the organization of rational nutrition of students during mass physical culture and sports
Authors: Pitkin V. A. , Simonova A. E. 
Published: February 2024

This article explores the problem of proper nutrition in the life of a modern student leading an active lifestyle. This problem is especially relevant at the present time, because the modern student has become even more purposeful and active. And this means that at the moment, proper nutrition of young people is the most important problem that needs to be addressed. Consider the basics of nutrition in physical education and sports, and analyze the nutritional requirements of students involved in physical education and sports. The article also substantiates the need for a balanced diet when playing sports, and reveals the features of the organization of the diet, depending on the intensity of physical activity. Based on the assessment of the frequency of consumption of vital foodstuffs, the diet of КubGТU students is analyzed. The study involved 60 students aged 20 to 22 years. The following results were obtained: the nutrition of the majority of students is irrational, with insufficient consumption of healthy food. In most cases, fast food products are popular. The conducted study of the relationship between nutrition, working capacity and lifestyle characteristics of students convinces us that violations of healthy eating habits negatively affect the degree of working capacity and increase the likelihood of bad habits. All this indicates a low culture of proper nutrition and the need for special events that highlight this issue. Proper nutrition is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, and is especially important for people who lead an active lifestyle and play sports. Failure to follow a proper diet can lead to reduced physical endurance, a weakened immune system, and even injury during exercise. It is important to understand that each athlete has their own individual nutritional needs, depending on their physiological characteristics, sport, training level and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an individual diet, taking into account all these factors. For student athletes, it is especially important to follow the right diet in order to maintain their mental and physical tone and achieve high results both in school and in sports. To do this, it is necessary to pay due attention to the composition of food, the choice of products and the mode of eating. In addition, it is important to remember to drink enough water, as athletes lose a lot of fluid during training, and water deficiency can lead to dehydration, reduced physical endurance and other health problems. Our study determined the diet of student athletes based on data obtained from the survey.
Effect of Multiple Factors for the Roadway Excavation Process Stability in FLAC3D
Authors: Danli Li , Bing Dai , Lei Zhang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Appropriate simulation set parameters are the precondition to obtain accurate results; while the simulation results are affected by multiple factors, it is thus crucial to investigate the sensibility of different factors. This paper first analyses the application situation of numerical simulation software in the field of geotechnical engineering and finds that Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D) has been widely used on roadways or tunnels. Then, taking the roadway excavation process as the engineering background, FLAC3D was used to create 171 schemes of different simulation parameters and analyze the influence of different factors on the simulation results. The findings show that there is a considerable difference in the degree of effect of different parameters on the simulation results. Most of the factors have a remarkable effect on the numerical simulation results (displacement and stress), and only some factors (parameter uniformity and density) have almost no effect on the results. Meanwhile, the trend of displacement and stress is opposite in most cases. In addition, some neglected factors can also have a considerable effect on the simulation results, such as the zone amount; therefore, it is necessary to avoid the variation of nonstudy factors as possible when carrying out the numerical simulation. This study may significantly assist concerned engineers and technicians in developing a more organized and thorough grasp of the impacts of various parameters on simulation outcomes.
Unlocking the Potential of Green Infrastructure in Residential Areas: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Sa Nursah'aidah Md , Yunos Mohd Yazid Mohd , Maulan Suhardi , Ismail Nor Atiah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the significance of green infrastructure in residential within the urban and suburban areas. Green infrastructure refers to the strategically planned and interconnected network of natural and semi-natural areas, such as parks, gardens, and green spaces, designed to provide multiple environmental, social, and economic benefits. This study investigates the various aspects of green infrastructure and evaluates its essentiality in the context of neighbourhood area. By examining the advantages and challenges associated with the implementation of green infrastructure, this paper seeks to provide insights into the importance of incorporating green spaces in residential areas for sustainable urban development. We can conclude that incorporating green infrastructure in the residentials area is essential for sustainable urban development. It provides a roadmap for policymakers, urban planners, and developers to create greener and more liveable residential environments in our region.