bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative lymph node staging of early‐stage cervical carcinoma by [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Herzog Thomas J. , Mutch David G. , Huettner Phyllis C. , Rader Janet S. , Gibb Randall K. , Powell Matthew A. , Gao Feng , Siegel Barry A. , Grigsby Perry W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing evidence has documented the value of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology, but only limited data are available comparing PET findings with the pathologic status of regional lymph nodes in patients with cervical carcinoma. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PET in detecting lymph node metastasis in women with early‐stage cervical carcinoma.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of all patients with Stage IA–IIA cervical carcinoma who underwent PET before surgery from 1999 to 2004. The status of the regional lymph nodes was correlated with lymph node pathology.RESULTSFifty‐nine patients were identified. Pelvic lymph node metastases were present in 32% of the patients and were detected by PET with a sensitivity of 53%, a specificity of 90%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 71%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80%. Paraaortic lymph node disease was present in 9% of patients and was detected by PET with a sensitivity of 25%, a specificity 98%, a PPV of 50%, and an NPV of 93%. The mean size of the tumor deposits was larger in the PET‐positive pelvic nodes (15.2 mm; range, 2–35 mm) than in the PET‐negative lymph nodes (7.3 mm; range, 0.3–20 mm; P = 0.002). Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained before surgery in 42 patients. The combined sensitivity of PET and CT in these patients was 75%. PET alone detected 9 (36%) of the positive lymph node groups, whereas CT alone detected 3 (12%) of the positive lymph node groups. Neither PET nor CT detected the positive lymph node groups in 8 patients (32%).CONCLUSIONSPathologic validation of PET imaging demonstrated a low sensitivity and a high specificity for PET in patients with early‐stage cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The addition of rituximab to fludarabine improves clinical outcome in untreated patients with ZAP‐70‐negative chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Del Poeta Giovanni , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Irno Consalvo Maria Antonietta , Maurillo Luca , Buccisano Francesco , Venditti Adriano , Mazzone Carla , Bruno Antonio , Gianní Laura , Capelli Giovanni , Lo Coco Francesco , Cantonetti Maria , Gattei Valter , Amadori Sergio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDClinical trials of monoclonal antibodies in combination with chemotherapy have reported previously unattained response rates in patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL); however, the analysis of ZAP‐70 protein and/or CD38 may explain better the discordant outcomes independent of treatment.METHODSThe authors conducted a Phase II study, in which rituximab was added to fludarabine for patients with symptomatic, untreated CLL, to evaluate clinical outcomes. Sixty patients with B‐CLL received 6 monthly courses of fludarabine (25 mg/m2 for 5 days) followed by 4 weekly doses of rituximab (375 mg/m2).RESULTSOn the basis of National Cancer Institute criteria, 47 of 60 patients (78%) achieved a complete remission, 9 of 60 patients (15%) achieved a partial remission, and 4 of 60 patients (7%) had no response or progressive disease. It is noteworthy that the patients experienced a long progression‐free survival (PFS) from treatment (68% at 3 yrs). A significantly shorter PFS was observed in ZAP‐70‐positive patients (25% vs. 100% at 3 yrs; P = 0.00005), in CD38‐positive patients (18% vs. 91% at 3 yrs; P = 0.0002), and in patients who had more minimal residual disease (36% vs. 77% at 2.5 yrs; P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSWith the addition of rituximab to fludarabine, improved clinical outcomes were obtained, and the stratification of patients by using ZAP‐70 and CD38 may help clinicians offer more aggressive and/or experimental approaches to the treatment of patients with high‐risk B‐CLL subtypes. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Salvage temozolomide for prior temozolomide responders
Authors: Franceschi Enrico , Omuro Antonio M. P. , Lassman Andrew B. , Demopoulos Alexis , Nolan Craig , Abrey Lauren E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTemozolomide (TMZ) often is used as adjuvant or first‐line therapy for patients with glioma. Because of potential hematologic complications, it usually is discontinued after 12–18 cycles, even in responders. Subsequent salvage therapies are reported to have limited efficacy at the time of disease recurrence. In the current study, the authors assessed the outcome and complications of reusing TMZ at the time of disease recurrence in patients who previously responded to treatment.METHODSA retrospective review of patients with recurrent/progressive glioma who had a history of response to TMZ and were treated with the same agent at the time of disease recurrence was conducted.RESULTSFourteen patients were identified (8 men and 6 women). The median age of the patients was 56 years (range, 25–67 yrs) at the time of diagnosis; 9 patients had glioblastoma, 3 had anaplastic astrocytoma, and 2 patients had low‐grade oligodendroglioma. No patient developed disease progression while receiving the initial TMZ treatment. At the time of the initial disease recurrence, 13 patients were readministered TMZ. One patient received TMZ at the time of second disease recurrence. All patients were assessed for radiographic response. Objective response or stable disease was achieved in 6 patients (43%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21–67%) and the 6‐month progression‐free survival was 36% (95% CI, 16–61%).CONCLUSIONSTMZ was found to be well tolerated and effective in this setting, suggesting that repeat use of TMZ in previous responders warrants further investigation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
An EasyGrid portal for scheduling system‐aware applications on computational Grids
Authors: Boeres C. , Fonseca A. A. , Mendes H. A. , Menezes L. T. , Moura N. T. , Silva J. A. , Vianna B. A. , Rebello V. E. F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOne of the objectives of computational Grids is to offer applications the collective computational power of distributed but typically shared heterogeneous resources. Unfortunately, efficiently harnessing the performance potential of such systems (i.e. how and where applications should execute on the Grid) is a challenging endeavor due principally to the very distributed, shared and heterogeneous nature of the resources involved. A crucial step towards solving this problem is the need to identify both an appropriate scheduling model and scheduling algorithm(s). This paper presents a tool to aid the design and evaluation of scheduling policies suitable for efficient execution of system‐aware parallel applications on computational Grids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checkpointing BSP parallel applications on the InteGrade Grid middleware
Authors: de Camargo Raphael Y. , Goldchleger Andrei , Kon Fabio , Goldman Alfredo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractInteGrade is a Grid middleware infrastructure that enables the use of idle computing power from user workstations. One of its goals is to support the execution of long‐running parallel applications that present a considerable amount of communication among application nodes. However, in an environment composed of shared user workstations spread across many different LANs, machines may fail, become inaccessible, or may switch from idle to busy very rapidly, compromising the execution of the parallel application in some of its nodes. Thus, to provide some mechanism for fault tolerance becomes a major requirement for such a system. In this paper, we describe the support for checkpoint‐based rollback recovery of Bulk Synchronous Parallel applications running over the InteGrade middleware. This mechanism consists of periodically saving application state to permit the application to restart its execution from an intermediate execution point in case of failure. A precompiler automatically instruments the source code of a C/C++ application, adding code for saving and recovering application state. A failure detector monitors the application execution. In case of failure, the application is restarted from the last saved global checkpoint. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structured process execution middleware for Grid computing
Authors: Cicerre F. R. L. , Madeira E. R. M. , Buzato L. E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGrid computing is a model for wide‐area distributed and parallel computing across heterogeneous networks in multiple administrative domains. It strives to provide breakthrough computing power at low cost. Nowadays there are dozens of academic and commercial products that allow execution of isolated tasks on Grids, but few products support the coordination of long‐running processes in a distributed fashion. In order to address the subject, this paper presents a programming model and a middleware that support the hierarchical execution of structured processes using available nodes in a Grid environment. Their advantages are adaptable and structured coordination of activities, with better execution scalability, performance, reliability and easy monitoring. This paper also presents results that demonstrate the efficiency of this structured model, supporting dynamic adaptation of process execution through the use of an application that searches for prime numbers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual data Grid middleware services for data‐intensive science
Authors: Zhao Yong , Wilde Michael , Foster Ian , Voeckler Jens , Dobson James , Gilbert Eric , Jordan Thomas , Quigg Elizabeth 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe GriPhyN virtual data system provides a suite of components and services for data‐intensive sciences that enables scientists to systematically and efficiently describe, discover, and share large‐scale data and computational resources. We describe the design and implementation of such middleware services in terms of a virtual data system interface called Chiron, and present virtual data integration examples from the QuarkNet education project and from functional‐MRI‐based neuroscience research. The Chiron interface also serves as an online ‘educator’ for virtual data applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building reliable and efficient data transfer and processing pipelines
Authors: Kosar T. , Kola G. , Livny M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractScientific distributed applications have an increasing need to process and move large amounts of data across wide area networks. Existing systems either closely couple computation and data movement, or they require substantial human involvement during the end‐to‐end process. We propose a framework that enables scientists to build reliable and efficient data transfer and processing pipelines. Our framework provides a universal interface to different data transfer protocols and storage systems. It has sophisticated flow control and recovers automatically from network, storage system, software and hardware failures. We successfully used data pipelines to replicate and process three terabytes of DPOSS astronomy image dataset and several terabytes of WCER educational video dataset. In both cases, the entire process was performed without any human intervention and the data pipeline recovered automatically from various failures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Grid service broker for scheduling e‐Science applications on global data Grids
Authors: Venugopal Srikumar , Buyya Rajkumar , Winton Lyle 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe next generation of scientific experiments and studies, popularly called e‐Science, is carried out by large collaborations of researchers distributed around the world engaged in the analysis of huge collections of data generated by scientific instruments. Grid computing has emerged as an enabler for e‐Science as it permits the creation of virtual organizations that bring together communities with common objectives. Within a community, data collections are stored or replicated on distributed resources to enhance storage capability or the efficiency of access. In such an environment, scientists need to have the ability to carry out their studies by transparently accessing distributed data and computational resources. In this paper, we propose and develop a Grid broker that mediates access to distributed resources by: (a) discovering suitable data and computational resources sources for a given analysis scenario; (b) optimally mapping analysis jobs to resources; (c) deploying and monitoring job execution on selected resources; (d) accessing data from local or remote data sources during job execution; and (e) collating and presenting results. The broker supports a declarative and dynamic parametric programming model for creating Grid applications. We have used this model in Grid‐enabling a high‐energy physics analysis application (the Belle Analysis Software Framework). The broker has been used in deploying Belle experimental data analysis jobs on a Grid testbed, called the Belle Analysis Data Grid, having resources distributed across Australia interconnected through GrangeNet. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer States in Compact Donor–Acceptor Dyads
Authors: Verhoeven Jan W. , van Ramesdonk Hendrik J. , Groeneveld Michiel M. , Benniston Andrew C. , Harriman Anthony 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPhotoinduced electron transfer is a widely applied method to convert photon energy into a useful (electro)chemical potential, both in nature and in artificial devices. There is a continuing effort to develop molecular systems in which the charge‐transfer state, populated by photoinduced electron transfer, survives sufficiently long to tap the energy stored in it. In general this has been found to require the construction of rather complex molecular systems, but more recently a few approaches have been reported that allow the use of much more simple and relatively small electron donor–acceptor dyads for this purpose. The most successful examples of such systems seem to be those that apply “electron spin control” to slow down the spontaneous decay of the charge‐transfer state, and these are reviewed in this minireview, with a discussion of the underlying principles and a critical evaluation of some of the claims made with regard to using a pronounced “inverted‐region effect” as an alternative method to prolong the lifetime of charge‐transfer states.
From Colloidal Co/CoO Core/Shell Nanoparticles to Arrays of Metallic Nanomagnets: Surface Modification and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wiedwald Ulf , Fauth Kai , Heßler Markus , Boyen Hans‐Gerd , Weigl Frank , Hilgendorff Michael , Giersig Michael , Schütz Gisela , Ziemann Paul , Farle Michael 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe magnetic properties of nanoparticles can be subject to strong variations as the chemical composition of the particle surface is modified. To study this interrelation of surface chemistry and magnetism, self‐assembled layers of colloidal 9.5 nm Co/CoO core/shell nanoparticles were exposed to mild reactive hydrogen and oxygen plasmas. The consecutive oxygen/hydrogen plasma treatment transforms the particle layer into an array of metallic nanomagnets with complete reduction of the oxide and removal of the organic surfactants. The original arrangement of the particle array and the number of Co atoms per particle remains unchanged within the experimental error, and thus this is a possible route for the fabrication of ultrahigh‐density magnetic bit structures from colloidal dispersions. The magnetic properties can be tuned by controlling the thickness of the surface oxide layer, which magnetically hardens the particles, as evidenced by element‐specific magnetic hysteresis loops.
Identifiability of Models for Fluorescence Quenching in Aqueous Micellar Systems
Authors: Boens Noël , Van der Auweraer Mark 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe first deterministic identifiability analysis is presented for four commonly used kinetic models of fluorescence quenching of an excited probe in aqueous micelles: A) model with immobile quenchers, B) model with mobile quenchers, C) an extension of model B in which exchange of quenchers both via the aqueous phase and during micelle collisions is taken into account, and D) model with probe migration. It is shown that these specific models for fluorescence decay of an excited probe solubilized in a micelle and quenched by molecules or ions that are Poisson‐distributed over the micelles, resulting in the generalized four‐parameter equation f(t)=A1 exp{−A2t−A3[1−A4t]}, are uniquely identifiable in terms of four descriptive A parameters. Moreover, each model also can be uniquely identified in terms of the underlying rate constants and micellar concentration or mean micellar aggregation number. This means that these parameters can be extracted in a unique way from time‐resolved fluorescence quenching experiments on a probe in micelles. For each model the recommended analysis approach is given.
Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers: Mimicking Sequential Electron and Triplet‐Energy Transfer
Authors: Palacios Rodrigo E. , Kodis Gerdenis , Gould Stephanie L. , de la Garza Linda , Brune Alicia , Gust Devens , Moore Thomas A. , Moore Ana L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn artificial photosynthetic reaction center consisting of a carotenoid (C), a dimesitylporphyrin (P), and a bis(heptafluoropropyl)porphyrin (PF), C‐P‐PF , and the related triad in which the central porphyrin has been metalated to give C‐PZn‐PF have been synthesized and characterized by transient spectroscopy. These triads are models for amphipathic triads having a carboxylate group attached to the PF moiety; they are designed to carry out redox processes across lipid bilayers. Triad C‐P‐PF undergoes rapid singlet–singlet energy transfer between the porphyrin moieties, so that their excited states are in equilibrium. In benzonitrile, photoinduced electron transfer from the first excited singlet state of P and hole transfer from the first excited singlet state of PF yield the initial charge‐separated state C‐P.+‐PF.−. Subsequent hole transfer to the carotenoid moiety generates the final charge‐separated state C.+‐P‐PF.−, which has a lifetime of 1.1 μs and is formed with a quantum yield of 0.24. In triad C‐PZn‐PF energy transfer from the PZn excited singlet to the PF moiety yields C‐PZn‐1PF . A series of electron‐transfer reactions analogous to those observed in C‐P‐PF generates C.+‐PZn‐PF.−, which has a lifetime of 750 ns and is formed with a quantum yield of 0.25. Flash photolysis experiments in liposomes containing an amphipathic version of C‐PZn‐PF demonstrate that the added driving force for photoinduced electron transfer in the metalated triad is useful for promoting electron transfer in the low‐dielectric environment of artificial biological membranes. In argon‐saturated toluene solutions of C‐P‐PF and C‐PZn‐PF , charge separation is not observed and a considerable yield of triplet species is generated upon excitation of the porphyrin moieties. In both triads triplet energy localized in the PF moiety is channeled to the carotenoid chromophore by a triplet energy‐transfer relay mechanism. Certain photophysical characteristics of these triads, including the sequential electron transfer and the triplet energy‐transfer relay mechanism, are reminiscent of those observed in natural reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria.
Patterns with High Rhythmicity Levels in Multicomponent Liesegang Systems
Authors: Msharrafieh Maysam , Sultan Rabih 
Published: November 2005

AbstractLiesegang banding is the display of rhythmic strata of precipitate as co‐precipitate ions interdiffuse in a gel medium. Complex periodic patterns as well as aperiodic structures could emerge, notably in systems where more than one salt is precipitated. The use of three cations (Co2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+) in the banded precipitation of their hydroxides resulted in an unusual pattern with a consistently increasing rhythmicity. A periodic structure marked by the succession of band multiplets with increasing number of bands (from singlets to doublets to triplets to quadruplets, consistently) was observed. Such rhythmic patterns are obtained as the initial Mg2+concentration ([Mg2+]0), chosen as a control parameter, increases through a critical value. At high [Mg2+]0, the trend breaks after a long time elapses. Two types of bifurcation are therefore experienced by such a system: concentration bifurcation and diffusive (time/space) bifurcation. The dynamics is elucidated on the basis of an analysis of the bands in certain groups, and gel regions between these groups, as well as between group blocs (here, a bloc denotes a succession of multiplet groups, with repetitively the same number of bands). Finally, similarities between our system and naturally occurring rhythmic patterns are emphasized and discussed.
Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Ribose and Deoxyribose Sugars, Adenosine, AMP and dAMP Nucleotides
Authors: Nielsen Steen Brøndsted , Chakraborty Tapas , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSynchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectra of ribose and deoxyribose sugars, adenosine, AMP and dAMP nucleotides and cyclic derivatives were measured in the vacuum ultraviolet region (down to 168 nm for sugars and 175 nm for adenine derivatives) and at different pH values (3, 6–7, 9–10) and temperatures (between 5 and 45 °C). The information content in the VUV region is important since the CD bands strongly depend on the chemical structure of the sugar, the presence and orientation of a phosphate group and the protonation state of adenine. On the other hand, single or double deprotonation of the phosphoric acid group has no influence on the spectra. We assign the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) CD bands of the nucleoside and nucleotides to be due mainly to n→π* transitions in the adenine nucleobase based on a comparison with the absorption spectra. The CD bands of the sugars are due to n(O →σ*) transitions and are much smaller than the CD signal from the nucleotides in the VUV region. Bands are assigned to both pyranose and open‐chain forms.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Donor–Acceptor–Donor Triads at the Liquid/Solid Interface
Authors: Uji‐i Hiroshi , Miura Atsushi , Schenning Albert , Meijer E. W. , Chen Zhijian , Würthner Frank , De Schryver Frans C. , Van der Auweraer Mark , De Feyter Steven 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBy means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the self‐assembly of two organic donor–acceptor–donor triads (donor=oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (OPV); acceptor=perylene diimide (PDI)) and their mixtures has been investigated at the liquid/solid interface. Both triads differ in the nature of the substituents and, therefore, in the redox properties of the central perylene diimide unit (H or Cl). Thanks to the submolecular resolution, the distinct electronic properties of the units, within a triad and between the two triads, are reflected by the relative STM contrast in the bias‐dependent imaging experiments. Moreover, scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals an inverse rectifying behavior of the OPV and H‐substituted PDI units, which is discussed in the framework of quasi‐resonant tunneling. A striking difference is observed for the Cl‐substituted triad.