bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation methods of calcium sulphate and urea adduct
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław , Biskupski Andrzej , Głowiński Józef 
Published: May 2008

Preparation methods of calcium sulphate and urea adduct
The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on the preparation of calcium sulphate and urea adduct by: grinding, compacting and mixing in the presence of physical water. A method for the measurement of urea conversion into the adduct form, which is based on the difference in solubility of free urea and the adduct bound urea CaSO4·4CO(NH2)2 in n-butanol, was developed. Mixing the reagents in the presence of physical water produced the best results. High urea conversion into the adduct form, over 85%, in the prepared samples indicates that this method can be successfully used to get CaSO4·4CO(NH2)2 adduct.
Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification
Authors: Bedyk Tomasz , Nowicki Lech , Stolarek Paweł , Ledakowicz Stanisław 
Published: May 2008

Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification
A method of monitoring sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification was proposed. Samples of sludge were pyrolysed in Ar and gasified in CO2 in a thermobalance. The evolved gases were analysed on the calibrated MS, the samples of sludge and solid residues at different stages of the processes were subjected to elemental analysis. The identification and the quantitative characterisation of chemical reactions were performed, based on the DTG and MS profiles.
Modelling of the gas combustion process
Authors: Baczyńska Teresa , Głowiński Józef , Hałat Adam 
Published: May 2008

Modelling of the gas combustion process
This paper reports on a procedure which leads to the assessment of the KG values without the need of determining the maximal rate of pressure rise by experiments. A simulation is proposed of the combustion process in its simplest form, i.e. one-dimensional propagation of the flame. Such simulation enables the burning velocity Su to be assessed. Knowing the Su values for different compositions of the flammable mixture makes it possible to determine the Su, max value. Once the correlation between Su,max and KG has been established, this will enable us to assign an appropriate value of KG to that of the maximal burning velocity. An example of such a correlation is given. It refers to flammable mixtures of a comparatively low burning velocity.
The temperature and moisture distribution of rapeseeds in a fixed bed during microwave-vacuum drying on a semi-technical scale
Authors: Łupińska Anita , Kozioł Antoni , Łupinski Michał , Araszkiewicz Michał 
Published: May 2008

The temperature and moisture distribution of rapeseeds in a fixed bed during microwave-vacuum drying on a semi-technical scale
A research into microwave vacuum drying of rapeseeds in a fixed bed on a semi-technical scale was done. The temperature and moisture distribution for a different value of microwave power and pressure were determined. The economic analysis of the drying processes, description of equipment and measurement methodology were presented, too.
Investigations of selected properties of pharmacologically active compounds by chromatographic and potentiometric methods on the chrysin example
Authors: Pusz Janusz , Zapała Wojciech , Papciak Bogdan 
Published: May 2008

Investigations of selected properties of pharmacologically active compounds by chromatographic and potentiometric methods on the chrysin example
The RP-TLC method was used to determine the dissociation constant of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) in methanol-aqueous (1:1 v/v) solutions. In this method the pK value was quantified on the basis of retention data and a retention model. The accuracy of determining the model parameters was analysed using the following statistical criteria: the sum of the squared differences between the experimental and theoretical data, approximation of standard deviation, and the Fisher test. Besides, in this work the potentiometric method was used. Investigations were carried out at ionic strength I=0.1 at T= 298 K. The dissociation constant were determined using the Rossotti method as well as the numerical method based on the procedures of non-linear curve fitting using Microsoft Excel Solver and the user-defined function. It has been found that the differences in the evaluated pK values were relatively small and did not exceed 1.2%.
Hydrophobization of fine solids presented on the example of limestone powder
Authors: Vogt Elżbieta 
Published: May 2008

Hydrophobization of fine solids presented on the example of limestone powder
The work proposes a new method of hydrophobization of limestone powder from stearic acid vapour or stearic acid ether solution. The obtained product is characterised by all properties typical of water-resistant materials. The evaluation of these properties has been carried out according to Polish Standard PN-G-11020 and analysed with research methods originally used for powder technique.
Search for the possibility of utilizing the differences in complex-forming capacities of alkylimidazoles for selective extraction of some metal ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Radzymińska-Lenarcik Elżbieta 
Published: May 2008

Search for the possibility of utilizing the differences in complex-forming capacities of alkylimidazoles for selective extraction of some metal ions from aqueous solutions
Alkyl substituents in position 1 of the imidazole ring distinctly affect the hydrophobic properties of the molecule and strengthen its basicity. Hence, 1-alkylimidazoles have been used as extractants of a number of metal ions. Again, a methyl substituent in position 2 of the imidazole ring raises by an order of magnitude the basicity. At the same time, the substituent impedes the formation of the 2-alkylimidazole complexes with metal ions due to the steric effect.
By the substitution of alkyl groups in position 1 or 2 of the imidazole ring it is possible to program the extraction properties of extractants and to control the selectivity of extraction.
A New Forest Association in Hungary: Thermophilous Dry Oakwood on Rubble (Paeonio Banaticae-Quercetum Cerridis Kevey Ass. Nova)
Authors: Kevey Balázs 
Published: May 2008

A New Forest Association in Hungary: Thermophilous Dry Oakwood on Rubble (Paeonio Banaticae-Quercetum CerridisKevey Ass. Nova)In this paper a relic and edaphic (azonal) forest association new to science (Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis) is described and characterized. This association is compared by traditional phytosociological methods to associations with which it is in physical contact in the Eastern Mecsek Hills (Southwest Hungary). Stands ofPaeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridisoccur on steep slopes with southern exposition between 280-640 m. The forest soil contains a large amount of rocks and rubble, and is slowly drifting. The microclimate of the forest is conducive to the survival of many species with submediterranean distribution. One of them is the endemicPaeonia banaticawhose largest populations occur in this forest type. The new association is placed in the allianceQuercion farnettoI. Horvat 1954 and suballianceQuercenion farnettoKevey in Kevey & Borhidi 2005.
Diversity of Dry Grasslands in the Považský Inovec MTS (slovakia) - A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Michálková Daniela 
Published: May 2008

Diversity of Dry Grasslands in the Považský Inovec MTS (slovakia) - A Numerical AnalysisThe paper reveals a numerical and ecological analysis of 128 published relevés of xerothermic vegetation of the Považský Inovec Mts. Four associations have been recognised:Festuco valesiacae-Stipetum capillataeSillinger 1930,Festuco pallentis-Caricetum humilisSillinger 1930 corr. Gutermann et Mucina 1993,Poo badensis-Festucetum pallentisKlika 1931 corr. Zólyomi 1966 nom. invers. propos. andMinuartio setaceae-Seslerietum coeruleaeKlika 1931 nom. mut. propos. Through the numerical methods, the study reconsiders the conception of the dry grassland associations, which are traditionally used in phytocoenological literature. It also defines the indication taxa group of the associations and characterises their environmental conditions. Major environmental gradients influencing the vegetation were interpreted using average Ellenberg indication values. Finally, the classification within the higher vegetation units, the nomenclature of the associations and the environmental threats are discussed.
Viola Pyrenaica Ramond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor , Peljhan Jernej 
Published: May 2008

Viola PyrenaicaRamond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)The article describes new localities of a south-European montane speciesViola pyrenaicain the Julian Alps and in the Trnovski gozd and Nanos plateaus (the northern part of the Dinaric mountains). It has been established that in the localities known so far in Slovenia, the species grows on similar sites as elsewhere in the Alps and other mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula, above all on overgrown screes, stony grasslands, on forest edges, in light forests on stony ground and in tall herb communities on calcareous bedrock in the submontane, montane and subalpine belt (450 to 1600 m a.s.l.). The floristic composition of the communities in which it grows is presented in four tables. On the Trnovski gozd plateau it was found in various successional stages of abandoned pastures or grasslands of the associationGenisto sericeae-Seslerietum kalnikensisand in open coppice stands of hop hornbeam and flowering ash, which are classified into the associationSeslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae.
Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of Turkey
Authors: Kavgaci Ali 
Published: May 2008

Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of TurkeyIgneada is located in the northwest part of Turkey on the Black Sea coast and it is also near the national border between Turkey and Bulgaria. The Igneada region was accepted as one of the most important plant areas of Turkey. In this work, a study was made on the phytosociological structure of Igneada sand dune vegetation, which is the one of the important components of the richness in the region. At the end of the assessment of the data, 3 communities were defined. These communities areOtantho-Leymetum sabulosi, Medicago rigidula-Cionura erectabasal community and meadow behind the sand dune. The part of the sand dune closest to the sea has width of 30 m, ascends with a specific inclination and has no vegetation coverage. Behind this part,Otantho-Leymetum sabulosioccurs at places where the sand dune has an unstable structure. TheMedicago rigidula-Cionura erectabasal community appears behindOtantho-Leymetum sabulosiand the sand dune has a stable structure at these areas. Behind these communities, another vegetation belt occurs, formed by the species that are cosmopolite or characteristic for meadow vegetation.
Probability of Exercise of Option
Authors: Stolorz Beata 
Published: May 2008

Probability of Exercise of Option
To estimate the risk the investors take when investing their money in stocks or stock options one must study if the option is exercised or not. From the point of view of a call option writer, especially those uncovered, one should study the probability of the exercise of option by a holder. The method presented in the paper enables to estimate risk connected with investment in options. In the assessment of risk that is born when investing money in stocks or options it is interesting whether the option will be exercised or not. From the writers' point of view, particularly those without coverage, it could be necessary to analyse probability of the exercise of options by buyers. The described method allows to assess at any time of call option duration whether the investor can be certain of the result of their investment. It can be applied also for the option strategies. In the paper the author has attempted to estimate the risk of call option and to estimate the probability of profit achievement in the case of long strangle option application. Investors using option strategies are able to do preliminary analysis of options and to minimize risk of their investment through choosing a proper date and price of exercise.
Relationships Between Banks and Insurers Vis-á-Vis Globalisation Processes and Social Reforms in Poland
Authors: Krasowska-Marczyk Małgorzata 
Published: May 2008

Relationships Between Banks and Insurers Vis-á-Vis Globalisation Processes and Social Reforms in Poland
The aim of the article is an attempt to present tendencies and prospects of bank-insurance relationship development in Poland in the period of globalization and social insurance reforms. The evolution and financial system structure as well as the spheres of operation of the banking and insurance sectors, supported by examples are presented on the background of the current situation in Poland and European trends. The influence of social reforms as a factor determining creating banks-insurance companies structure (OFE market) is taken into consideration in the analysis.
The Effects of Flat Covers on Overwintering and Nutritional Value of Leeks
Authors: Kołota Eugeniusz , Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

The Effects of Flat Covers on Overwintering and Nutritional Value of Leeks
In a field study conducted in 2003-2005 leek cv. Kenton F1 planted in June was harvested in November or after overwintering in a field conditions. During the winter season plants were covered by perforated clear polyethylene film (PE) with 50 holes per 1 m2 or non-woven polypropylene agrotextile (30 g·m-2), which were removed just before the Ist and IInd term of harvest conducted at the end of March or April. The application of both tested covers considerably increased the winter hardiness of plants in comparison to non covered control. They provided the similar protection against frost damage in early spring harvest, while for delayed one to the end of April, more beneficial cover was found to be agrotextile material. Plants harvested in spring season contained lower amounts of dry matter, total sugar and vitamin C, and higher level of reducing sugar and nitrates. During the IInd term of spring harvest there was observed a decrease of dry matter and vitamin C and some increment of nitrates content in leeks in comparison to that conducted at the end of March.
Effects of Age and Cold Storage of Transplants on the Growth and Quality of Broccoli Heads
Authors: Grabowska Aneta , Kunicki Edward , Libik Andrzej 
Published: May 2008

Effects of Age and Cold Storage of Transplants on the Growth and Quality of Broccoli Heads
In the two-factor field experiment conducted in 2002-2004 the effect of transplant age and the time of storage on the yield of broccoli cv. ‘Lord F1’ was investigated. Transplants were stored in freon cold room without access to light at +2°C and a relative air humidity of 80-85%. Both investigated factors had no significant effect on crop acceleration. Plants obtained from 4-week old transplants gained marketable yield significantly higher than plants obtained from 10-week old transplants. Significantly higher yield was obtained from transplants stored in a cooling room as compared to non-stored transplants. No univocal effect of the transplant age on the percentage of hollow stems was demonstrated.
The Effect of Maturity Stage on Nutritional Value of Leek, Zucchini and Kohlrabi
Authors: Biesiada Anita , Kołota Eugeniusz , Adamczewska-sowińska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Maturity Stage on Nutritional Value of Leek, Zucchini and Kohlrabi
Three field experiments were established in 1996-2003 in order to determine the effects of term of harvest and stage of maturity on biological value of leek, zucchini and kohlrabi. The results of experiments showed that delay the harvest date associated with considerable increment of crop yield caused the enhancement of dry matter, total and reducing sugars in leek and kohlrabi. In zucchini the fruits of smaller size contained higher amounts of dry matter and similar sugars like more developed. Advanced term of harvest appeared to be favourable for vitamin C, phosphorus and potassium content in vegetables. Changes in magnesium and calcium concentration under influence of the stage of maturity were highly dependent on plant species. Plants of kohlrabi and leeks harvested at later stage of maturity contained lower level of nitrates, but in zucchini there was observed the increment of this compound in fruits of a bigger size at harvest.
Effect of Lupin Extract and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield Quality of Celeriac
Authors: Barczak Bożena , Majcherczak Edward , Kozera Wojciech 
Published: May 2008

Effect of Lupin Extract and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield Quality of Celeriac
The results of a study on possibilities of utilization of lupin extract are presented. The extract was a waste material from the de-bittering process of bitter lupin seeds and might affect yield and chemical composition of celeriac. Type of nitrogen fertilizer (pure ammonium nitrate or its form supplemented with molybdenum and magnesium) was another factor tested. The study, based on field experiments, was conducted in the years 1999-2001. It was found that fertilization with ammonium nitrate, and especially with its form enriched in magnesium and molybdenum, was a factor significantly affecting yield of celeriac. After use of lupin seed extract slight increase in yield and total nitrogen content as well as evident reduction in nitrates content in celeriac were observed. Average decrease in content of this nitrogen form in roots and leaves was 14.8% and 29.6%, respectively, as compared to control. Tested factors did not influence significantly potassium and sodium contents in leaves and roots of celeriac.
Reaction of Leaf Celery (Apium Graveolens L. Var. Secalinum) To Planting Density and Irrigation
Authors: Rożek Ewa 
Published: May 2008

Reaction of Leaf Celery (Apium Graveolens L. Var. Secalinum) To Planting Density and Irrigation
In experiments conducted in the years 2004-2005, effect of seedlings planting density and irrigation on yield of 2 cultivars of leaf celery (Afina, Safir) was evaluated. Transplants were planted on 15 May 2004 and 12 May 2005 with spacing 25 x 20 cm and 15 x 20 cm. Harvest of celery leaves was carried out in three turns: on 15 July, 14-15 September and 27-28 October. It was shown that higher planting density significantly increases yield of leaves. Irrigation increased leaf yield, on average, by 55.9%. Depending on cultivar and planting density, leaf yield of non-irrigated plants was 5.29-6.34 kg.m-2, while for irrigated plants it ranged from 7.70 to 11.97 kg.m-2.
The Effect of Freezing Storage on Microbiological Quality of Some Spice Plants
Authors: Wójcik-Stopczyńska Barbara , Jadczak Dorota 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Freezing Storage on Microbiological Quality of Some Spice Plants
In the study four spice plants were tested: basil, marjoram, savory and the leafy type of parsley. A microbiological analysis included fresh plant material - shoots with leaves (whole and cut into 2-3cm pieces) and frozen pieces (after freezing and storage for 12 months at -25°C). In the fresh whole plants a total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria ranged from 3.9 in marjoram to 6.7 log- CFU·g-1 in parsley, moulds - from 2.2 in basil and savory to 4.1 logCFU·g-1 in parsley and yeasts - from 2.1 in basil and savory to 3.5 logCFU·g-1 in parsley. Cutting of plants caused a significant increase in the number of these microorganisms. Freezing and freezing storage induced differentiated decreasing of microbiological contamination of tested material. After 12 months of freezing storage an average survival percentage of bacteria was 10%, of moulds and yeasts respectively 44% and 48%, in relation to number of these microorganisms in fresh cut spice plants before freezing. Final counts of bacteria, moulds and yeasts ranged respectively 3.3-6.1, 2.3-3.7 and 2.1-4.1 logCFU·g-1. Neither in the fresh material nor in the frozen one were pathogenic bacteria found. The titre of coliforms in all tested samples of basil, savory and marjoram was >0.1g but it was lower (0.01g) in fresh and frozen parsley. Microbiological quality of frozen parsley was low (total count of microorganisms >6.0 logCFU·g-1). Moreover there was a high number of moulds and yeasts (>3.0 logCFU·g-1) in frozen marjoram. The microbiological quality of frozen basil and savory was quite good. The count of microorganisms in fresh plant material before freezing influenced microbiological quality of frozen spice plants.
Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors and S-Amino Acids Level
Authors: Ovesná Jaroslava , Kučera Ladislav , Králová Jana , Leišová Leona , Stavělíková Helena , Velíšek Jan 
Published: May 2008

Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors and S-Amino Acids Level
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to well known vegetables. Garlic is considered a valuable source of health benefit compounds. S-amino acids, namely S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, are one of the major garlic constituents. We evaluated a set of garlic genetics resources representing namely valuable germplasm from Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and former Soviet Union. We showed that differences exist among analysed genotypes in S-amino acids (alliin/methiin) level and donors of high level of alliin/methiin can be identified. High alliin/methiin level was found within genetic resources and registered cultivars under the use. Level of alliin and isoalliin did not correlate with measured level of methiin. Donors of high methiin level were found within accessions marked as being "wild" in EVIGEZ database. Sufficient variability was found by AFLP analysis as well. Accessions were divided by PCA basically into two categories: hardnecks (Ophioscorodon group, Longicuspis group) and softneck (sativum group). Presented work showes possibility to find suitable donors of biologically active compounds in garlic.
Germplasm Evaluation of Tomatillo (Physalis Ixocarpa Brot.) Cropped Under Ontario, Canada and Chapingo, Mexico Environmental Conditions
Authors: Mulato-Brito Juan , Peña-Lomelí Aureliano 
Published: May 2008

Germplasm Evaluation of Tomatillo (Physalis Ixocarpa Brot.) Cropped Under Ontario, Canada and Chapingo, Mexico Environmental Conditions
Evaluation of five tomatillo Mexican landraces including altogether 13 accessions was performed under environmental conditions of Ontario, Canada and Chapingo in central Mexico. The measured traits were: beginning of flowering and harvest, total number of harvested fruits and the yield. Number of days to flowering or fruiting was counted from the date of planting. In both localities accessions 1 and 3 of the Rendidora landrace as well as the accession 1 of the Manzano landrace were the earliest and the highest yielding. In Chapingo the accession 1 of the Rendidora landrace gave the yield of fruits almost 4 kg.m-2, in Elora, Canada the same accession was also the best and yielded almost 3 kg.m-2. In general, all accessions were earlier in Elora than in Chapingo; yield in both localities was in general similar except the landrace Milpero obviously poorly suited to Canadian environment. Tomatillo may be considered as a promising new crop for Ontario, Canada agriculture. Yield was correlated negatively, in a significant way, with the number of days to flowering and harvest, it means that the development of early, highly productive varieties by artificial selection is feasible.