bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of visceral fat accumulation and plasma adiponectin with rectal dysplastic aberrant crypt foci in a clinical population
Authors: Takahashi Hirokazu , Takayama Tetsuji , Yoneda Kyoko , Endo Hiroki , Iida Hiroshi , Sugiyama Michiko , Fujita Koji , Yoneda Masato , Inamori Masahiko , Abe Yasunobu , Saito Satoru , Wada Koichiro , Nakagama Hitoshi , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: January 2009

The association between obesity and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) cannot be easily evaluated because CRC itself is associated with a gradual loss of bodyweight. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) can be classified as dysplastic ACF or non‐dysplastic ACF by magnifying colonoscopy, and dysplastic ACF are thought to be a biomarker of CRC. Ninety‐four participants who underwent colonoscopy at Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan, were enrolled in the current study. We detected 557 ACF, including 67 dysplastic ACF (12.0%). Univariate regression analysis was conducted to determine correlations between the number of dysplastic ACF and various potential risk factors, including patient age, waist circumference, body mass index, visceral fat area (VFA), and plasma adiponectin level. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the number of dysplastic ACF correlated with age (correlation coefficient r = 0.212, P = 0.0383) and plasma adiponectin level (r = –0.201, P = 0.0371), even after adjustments for sex, waist circumference, body mass index, and VFA. Our univariate correlation analysis data showed a significant correlation with the number of dysplastic ACF with VFA (r = 0.238, P = 0.0209), no correlation with subcutaneous fat area, and an inverse correlation with the plasma level of adiponectin (r = –0.258, P = 0.0118). Thus, our results suggest that aging and visceral fat accumulation could correlate moderately with colorectal carcinogenesis. The novelty of our study lies in the finding that visceral fat accumulation and a low plasma adiponectin level may promote colorectal carcinogenesis; therefore, these obesity‐related parameters may serve as novel targets for CRC prevention. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 29–32)
The potatoStLTPa7gene displays a complex Ca2+‐associated pattern of expression during the early stage of potato–Ralstonia solanacearuminteraction
Authors: GAO GANG , JIN LI PING , XIE KAI YUN , QU DONG YU 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYAlthough nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are widely expressed during plant defence responses to pathogens, their functions and regulation are not fully understood. In this article, we report the isolation of a cDNA for the new nsLTP,StLTPa7, from cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) infected withRalstonia solanacearum. The cDNA was predicted to encode a type 1 nsLTP containing an N‐terminal signal sequence and possessing the characteristic features of nsLTPs. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the encoded amino acid sequence of the nsLTP was similar to those of other previously reported plant nsLTPs, which contain a putative calmodulin‐binding site consisting of approximately 12 highly conserved amino acid residues. The expression of theStLTPa7gene was studied during the early stages of potato–R. solanacearuminteraction using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Northern analyses, and a complex calcium (Ca2+)‐associated pattern of expression was observed with the following features: (i) transcripts of theStLTPa7gene were systemically up‐regulated by infection withR. solanacearum; (ii) theStLTPa7gene was stimulated by salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and Ca2+; (iii) qRT‐PCR showed that, during the early stage ofR. solanacearuminfection, nsLTP transcripts accumulated over a time course that paralleled that of Ca2+accumulation, detected using environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDAX) spectrometry; and (iv) the Ca2+channel blocker, ruthenium red, partially blockedR. solanacearum‐inducedStLTPa7expression. This report represents the first use of EDAX analysis to establish a synchrony between Ca2+accumulation and nsLTP expression in response to potato–R. solanacearuminteractions. Collectively, these results suggest thatStLTPa7may be a pathogen‐ and Ca2+‐responsive plant defence gene.
KOPS‐guided DNA translocation by FtsK safeguards Escherichia coli chromosome segregation
Authors: Sivanathan Viknesh , Emerson Jenny E. , Pages Carine , Cornet François , Sherratt David J. , Arciszewska Lidia K. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe septum‐located DNA translocase, FtsK, acts to co‐ordinate the late steps of Escherichia coli chromosome segregation with cell division. The FtsK γ regulatory subdomain interacts with 8 bp KOPS DNA sequences, which are oriented from the replication origin to the terminus region (ter) in each arm of the chromosome. This interaction directs FtsK translocation towards ter where the final chromosome unlinking by decatenation and chromosome dimer resolution occurs. Chromosome dimer resolution requires FtsK translocation along DNA and its interaction with the XerCD recombinase bound to the recombination site, dif, located within ter. The frequency of chromosome dimer formation is ∼15% per generation in wild‐type cells. Here we characterize FtsK alleles that no longer recognize KOPS, yet are proficient for translocation and chromosome dimer resolution. Non‐directed FtsK translocation leads to a small reduction in fitness in otherwise normal cell populations, as a consequence of ∼70% of chromosome dimers being resolved to monomers. More serious consequences arise when chromosome dimer formation is increased, or their resolution efficiency is impaired because of defects in chromosome organization and processing. For example, when Cre–loxP recombination replaces XerCD–dif recombination in dimer resolution, when functional MukBEF is absent, or when replication terminates away from ter.
Non‐invasive determination of plant biomass with microwave resonators
Authors: MENZEL MARION I. , TITTMANN SUSANNE , BÜHLER JONAS , PREIS STELLA , WOLTERS NORBERT , JAHNKE SIEGFRIED , WALTER ACHIM , CHLUBEK ANTONIA , LEON ARIEL , HERMES NORMEN , OFFENHÄUSER ANDREAS , GILMER FRANK , BLÜMLER PETER , SCHURR ULRICH , KRAUSE HANS‐JOACHIM 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTNon‐invasive and rapid determination of plant biomass would be beneficial for a number of research aims. Here, we present a novel device to non‐invasively determine plant water content as a proxy for plant biomass. It is based on changes of dielectric properties inside a microwave cavity resonator induced by inserted plant material. The water content of inserted shoots leads to a discrete shift in the centre frequency of the resonator. Calibration measurements with pure water showed good spatial homogeneity in the detection volume of the microwave resonators and clear correlations between water content and centre frequency shift. For cut tomato and tobacco shoots, linear correlations between fresh weight and centre frequency shift were established. These correlations were used to continuously monitor diel growth patterns of intact plants and to determine biomass increase over several days. Interferences from soil and root water were excluded by shielding pots with copper. The presented proof of principle shows that microwave resonators are promising tools to quantitatively detect the water content of plants and to determine plant biomass. As the method is non‐invasive, integrative and fast, it provides the opportunity for detailed, dynamic analyses of plant growth, water status and phenotype.
Dual role for 14‐3‐3 proteins and ABF transcription factors in gibberellic acid and abscisic acid signalling in barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone cells
Authors: SCHOONHEIM PETER J. , COSTA PEREIRA DANIEL DA , DE BOER ALBERTUS H. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe balance of gibberellins [gibberellic acid (GA)] and abscisic acid (ABA) is a determining factor during transition of embryogenesis and seed germination. Recently, we showed that 14‐3‐3 proteins are important in ABA signalling in barley aleurone cells. Using 14‐3‐3 RNAi constructs in the barley aleurone transient expression system, we demonstrate here that silencing of each 14‐3‐3 isoform suppresses GA induction of the α‐amylase gene. 14‐3‐3 Proteins interact with ABA‐responsive element (ABRE) binding factors HvABF1, 2 and 3, and here we show that these transcription factors also interact with the ABA‐responsive kinase PKABA1, a kinase that mediates cross‐talk between the GA and ABA pathway. ABF1 and ABF2 have a function in both signalling pathways as: (1) ectopic expression of wild‐type ABF1 and mutant ABF2, lacking the 14‐3‐3 interaction domain, transactivates the ABA inducible HVA1 gene; and (2) GA induction of the α‐amylase gene is repressed by ectopic expression of wild‐type ABF1 and 2. Mutant ABF1 and 2 were still effective repressors of GA signalling. In summary, our data provide evidence that 14‐3‐3 proteins and members of the ABF transcription factor family have a regulatory function in the GA pathway and suggest that PKABA1 and ABF transcription factors are cross‐talk intermediates in ABA and GA signalling.
Influence of Enzyme Induger on Methaemoglobinaemia Caused by Prilocaine
Authors: Heinonen Jussi , Ahtee Liisa 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe influence of a potent enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, on prilocaine‐induced methaemoglobinaemia was studied in different animal species. In all three dogs examined, the degree of prilocaine‐induced methaemoglobinaemia was clearly less in the experiment carried out after phenobarbital treatment than in the control experiment. This may be explained by assuming that phenobarbital accelerates more than one step in prilocaine metabolism. In cats, phenobarbital had no influence on prilocaine‐induced methaemoglobinaemia. In rabbits and rats, prilocaine did not elevate methaemoglobin levels in blood.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Einfluss des stark wirksamen Enzymfreisetzers Phenobarbital auf die Prilocain‐induzierte Methämoglobinämie wurde bei verschiedenen Tierarten geprüft. Bei allen drei untersuchten Hunden war die Prilocain‐induzierte Methämoglobinämie deutlich geringer nach Phenobarbital‐Vorbehandlung, als in den Kontrollexperimenten. Dies kann durch die Annahme erklärt werden, dass Phenobarbital mehr als eine Stufe des Prilocain‐Abbaues akzeleriert. Bei Katzen hatte Phenobarbital keinen Einfluss auf die Prilocain‐induzierte Methämoglobinämie. Bei Kaninchen und Ratten zeigte sich nach Prilocain kein erhöhter Methämoglobinämiespiegel im Blut.
Hexafluorenium‐Succinylcholine in General Anaesthesia
Authors: Cecconello D. , Fanchiotti G. L. , Giussani A. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe series consisted of 1247 patients operated on in the Surgical Departments of the Hospital of Vicenza. During the anaesthesia, a hexafluorenium‐succinylcholine combination was administered.The effect of hexafluorenium‐succinylcholine on blood pressure, cardiac rhythm, the vegetative nervous system, and on the freequency of bronchospasm, muscular pain and bronchopulmonary complications was studied, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei einer Serie von 1247 Patienten, die in der Chirurgischen Abteilung des Krankenhauses von Vicenza operiert wurden, war während der Anaesthesie eine Kombination von Hexafluorenium und Succinylcholin verabreicht worden.Der Einfluss von Hexafluorenium und Succinylcholin auf Blutdruck, Herzrhythmus, das vegetative Nervensystem, sowie auf die Häufigkeit von Bronchospasmus, Muskelschmerzen und bronchopulmonale Komplikationen wurde untersucht, wobei die Resultate einer statistischen Analyse unterzogen wurden.
THE EFFECT OF LATERAL POSITION ON REGIONAL LUNG FUNCTION: A Simplified Radiospirometric Study Using Xenon133
Authors: Aulin I. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYA simplified radiospirometric method for the estimation of regional lung function using 133Xenon has been applied to normal male volunteers in the prone and right lateral positions. It revealed a decrease in FRC and an increase in ventilation and perfusion in the lateral position. The results showed an excellent agreement with Svanberg's bronchospirometric studies (1957)24.The predisposing factors for the development of atelectasis in the lateral decubitus position are discussed. The equipment described in this paper is relatively simple to operate and seems to be reliable enough to be used for further studies.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wurde eine vereinfachte radiospirometrische Methode unter Verwendung von Xenon133 benützt, um die regionale Lungenfunktion bei normalen männlichen Versuchspersonen in der Bauch bzw. rechten Seitenlage zu studieren. Dabei zeigte sich eine Abnahme der funktionellen Residualkapazität und eine Zunahme der Ventilation und Perfusion in der Seitenlage. Die Ergebnisse standen in ausgezeichneter Übereinstimmung mit den bronchospirometrischen Untersuchungen von Svanberg (1957)24.Die praedisponierenden Faktoren für die Entwicklung von Atelektasen in der Seitenlage werden besprochen. Die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene Aus‐rüstung ist relativ einfach zu bedienen und verlässlich genug, um für weitere Untersuchungen verwendet zu werden.
ARTERIAL OXYGEN TENSIONS AND ACID‐BASE CHANGES DURING ETHER‐AIR ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Martinez Leonardo R. , Harmel Merel H. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYPaO2 and changes in acid‐base parameters were measured in a series of patients anaesthetized with an ether‐air mixture. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) spontaneous respiration, (2) manual ventilation and (3) mechanical ventilation. PaO2 in all patients except one were maintained close to pre‐operative values during and after operation. Changes in pH and arterial carbon dioxide tension were due to changes in ventilation, not to alterations of acid‐base balance. The present study confirms previous observations, viz. that in the absence of severe respiratory or circulatory disturbance, air as a carrier gas for ether results in adequate arterial oxygenation.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei einer Reihe von Patienten, die mit einem Äther‐Luft‐Gemisch narkotisiert worden waren, wurden PaO2 und Veränderungen des Säure‐Basen‐Status gemessen. Die Patienten wurden in drei Gruppen unterteilt: 1. Spontanatmung, 2. manuelle Beatmung, 3. mechanische Beatmung. Mit Ausnahme eines Patienten konnte bei alien das PaO2 wahrend und nach der Operation auf an‐nähernd praeoperativen Werten gehalten werden. Die Veränderungen des pH und der arteriellen C O2 ‐Spannung waren ventilationsbedingt und nicht die Folge von Saure‐Basen‐Verschiebungen. Diese Untersuchung bestätigt frühere Beobachtungen, dass nämlich beim Fehlen schwerer Storungen der Atmung und des Kreislaufes Luft als Trägergas für Äther ausreichende arterielle Sauer‐stoffwerte ergibt.
STATIC THORACIC COMPLIANCE IN NORMAL CHILDREN UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Nisbet H. I. A. , Levison H. , Pelton D. A. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThere is relatively little information concerning the relationship between body size and the components of thoracic compliance in normal children. Static compliance was measured in 40 normal children under general anaesthesia. Their heights (Ht.) ranged from 90 to 175 cm. Using the oesophageal balloon technique, changes in tracheal and oesophageal pressures were measured in response to stepwise changes in lung volumes. The relationship between changes in pressure for a unit change of volume was then examined at lung volumes equivalent to functional residual capacity + 10% of total lung capacity.Under general anaesthesia and controlled ventilation total thoracic compliance (CTOT) and its components, pulmonary compliance (CL) and thoracic wall compliance (CTW), were found to be related to height in the following manner:—CTOT= 5.18 × 100.00698× Ht (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.906CL= 7.90 × 100.00705× Ht (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.847CTw= 25.12 × 100.00543× Ht (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.746PA There was also a relationship between predicted vital capacity and thoracic compliance:—CTOT= 19.63 × 100.15447× VC (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.890CL= 29.99 × 100.15773× VC (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.841CTW= 7.063 × 100.1205× VC (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.736This suggests a closer relationship between the components of compliance and height than has been demonstrated in previous reports. The relationship between pulmonary compliance and height and vital capacity is similar to that observed in conscious children.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs gibt relativ wenig Information über das Verhältnis zwischen Körpergrösse und den Komponenten der Thorax‐Compliance bei normalen Kindern. Bei 40 normalen Kindern wurde daher die statische Compliance während der Narkose gemessen. Die Körperhöhe (Ht.) lag zwischen 90 und 175 cm. Mittels der Oesophagusballontechnik wurden die Veränderungen der Tracheal‐ und Oesophagusdrucke bei stufenweisen Änderungen der Lungenvolumina gemessen. Das Verhältnis zwischen den Druckänderungen pro Volumenände‐rungseinheit wurde dann bei Lungenvolumina untersucht, die der funktionellen Residualkapazität + 10% der Totalkapazität äquivalent waren.In Allgemeinnarkose und bei kontrollierter Beatmung ergab sich für die gesamte Thoraxcompliance (CTOT) und ihre beiden Komponenten, die Lungencompliance (CL) und Brustwandcompliance (CTW) die nachstehende Relation zur Körperhöhe:CTOT= 5.18 × 100.00698× Ht (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.906CL= 7.90 × 100.00705× Ht (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.847CTw= 25.12 × 100.00543× Ht (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.746Auch zwischen der Soll‐Vitalkapazität und der Thoraxcompliance bestand eine Relation:CTOT= 19.63 × 100.15447× VC (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.890CL= 29.99 × 100.15773× VC (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.841CTW= 7.063 × 100.1205× VC (ml/cm H2O), r = 0.736Dieses deutet auf einer engeren Relation zwischen den Komponenten der Compliance und der Körperhöhe an, als es in früheren Arbeiten nachgewiesen ist. Die Relation zwischen Lungencompliance und Körperhöhe und Vital‐Kapazität ist der Relation ähnlich, die bei erwachenen Kindern beobachtet worden ist.
SOME CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE CLINICAL OUTCOME AND THE ACID‐BASE STATUS OF BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Gordon Emeric 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe acid‐base status and oxygen tension of arterial blood, cerebral venous blood, CSF and (in a few cases) CBF were studied in 252 patients with severe traumatic brain injuries. Data obtained from patients treated with hyperventilation and from those not subjected to this treatment were compared and, when possible, statistically analysed. Such a comparison was also made between patients who recovered consciousness and those who remained unconscious or died within die group treated with hyperventilation. In 15 patients, for whom simultaneous arterial, cerebral venous and CSF data were available, the correlations between these data were studied in greater detail.The result of this investigation confirms previous findings of intracerebral acidosis and hypoxia in patients with severe brain lesions. Treatment with controlled ventilation often resulted in a tendency towards a return to normal intracerebral acid‐base status in the categories of patients who later regained consciousness. Even in die categories of patients who did not recover consciousness or who died there was some biochemical evidence of improved cerebral circulation due to alterations of die ventilation. However, a clear correlation between the analytical data and die clinical course was not established in diis series, probably because of the small number of CSF data. For this purpose, furdier and more detailed studies are needed.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei 252 Patienten mit schweren traumatischen Gehirnläsionen wurden der Säure‐Basen‐Status, die Sauerstoffspannung im arteriellen und im Gehirnvenenblut, sowie im Liquor cerebrospinalis gemessen; in einigen Fällen auch die zerebrale Durchblutung. Die von, mit Hyperventilation behandelten, Patienten gewonnenen Werte wurden mit denen der übrigen Patienten verglichen und, wenn möglich, statistisch analysiert. Vergleiche wurden auch angestellt zwischen Patienten, die wieder wach wurden und solchen, die bewusstlos blieben oder starben, und zwar in der Gruppe, die hyperventiliert worden war. Von 15 Patienten, bei denen gleichzeitige arterielle, zerebralvenöse und Liquorwerte zur Verfügung standen, wurden die Korrelationen zwischen diesen Werten genauer analysiert.Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen bestätigt frühere Befunde von intrazerebraler Azidose und Hypoxie bei Patienten mit schweren Gehirnschäden. Die Behandlung mit kontrollierter Beatmung führt oft zu einer Tendenz der Normalisierung der intrazerebralen Säure‐Basen‐Werte in der Patientengruppe, die später das Bewusstsein wiedererlangte. Sogar in der Gruppe von Patienten, die nicht wieder wach wurden oder starben, sah man biochemische Anzeichen einer verbesserten Gehirndurchblutung als Folge von Ventilationsänderungen. Eine eindeutige Korrelation zwischen den analysierten Werten und dem klinischen Verlauf konnte jedoch in dieser Serie nicht aufgestellt werden, wahrscheinlich wegen der zu kleinen Zahl von Liquorwerten. Zu diesem Zweck sind weitere, noch genauere Untersuchungen erforderlich.
A Comparative Study between Etidocaine and Bupivacaine in Ulnar Nerve Block
Authors: Radtke Hans , Nolte Hans , Fruhstorfer Heinrich , Zenz Michael 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe long‐acting local anaesthetics bupivacaine and etidocaine were compared in a double‐blind study using ulnar nerve block. Eleven volunteers took part in the study. Solutions used were: bupivacaine 0.25 % and 0.5 % and etidocaine 0.5 % and 1 %. All solutions contained adrenaline 5 μg/ml.The time of onset and duration of analgesia and motor block, degree of motor block, and changes in skin temperature were investigated.The results did not show any differences in the duration of sensory of motor block. Differences were seen in the degree of motor block in favour of etidocaine. The sympathetic block seemed to be more intense and of longer duration with bupivacaine. Etidocaine had a shorter time of onset in all nerve fibres.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie beiden langwirkenden Lokalanaesthetika Bupivacain und Etidocain wurden in ihrer Wirkung miteinander verglichen. 11 freiwillige Versuchspersonen erhielten jeweils vier Ulnarisblockaden mit Bupivacain 0,25 % und 0,5 % sowie mit Etidocain 0,5 % und 1 %. Allen Lüsungen war Adrenalin in der Konzentration 5 μg/ml zugemischt.Es wurden untersucht: die Latenz‐ und Wirkungszeit der Analgesie, die Latenzzeit, die Wirkungszeit und der Grad der Motorblockade und der Grad und die Dauer der Sympathicus‐blockade (Hauttemperaturerhöhung).Beide Lokalanaesthetika zeigten in den geprüften Konzentrationen keine grossen Unterschiede in der Wirkungszeit für die Analgesie und die motorische Blockade. Unterschiede ergaben sich im Grad der Motorblockade zu Gunsten von Etidocain und in der Blockade der Cfasern (Sympathicus, Temperaturerhöhung) zu Gunsten von Bupivacain. Etidocain wies bei allen gepriiften Parametern eine kurzere Latenzzeit auf als Bupivacain.
Axillary Plexus Block with Etidocaine
Authors: Hollmén Arno , Mononen Pekka 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTAxillary plexus block has been used to compare 0.5 % and 1.0 % etidocaine (with adrenaline 5 μg/ml) in 32 patients in an open label study. The injected volume was 30 ml. The time to total analgesia and motor block was around 10–12 minutes. Complete block was achieved in more than 97 % of cases. The duration of total analgesia and motor block was 6–7 hours. The time from injection to return of total sensation and motility was 8.5–10 hours. Adequate analgesia was achieved in all patients but two (one in each group). No noteworthy differences were found between the two solutions.