bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
lnter‐rater reliability of an oral assessment guide for elderly patients residing in a rehabilitation ward
Authors: Andersson Pia , Hallberg Ingalill R. , Renvert Stefan 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to test the inter‐rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half‐year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter‐rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG.
The effect of polyol‐combinant saliva stimulants on S. mutans levels in plaque and saliva of patients with mental retardation
Authors: Mäkinen Kauko K. , Isotupa Kauko P. , Kivilompolo Taina , Mäkinen Pirkko‐Liisa , Murtomaa Satu , Petäjä Juhani , Toivanen Jukka , Söderling Eva 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect of chewable saliva‐stimulants on Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque and paraffin‐stimulated whole saliva among participants who were mentally disabled was investigated. Over 64‐days, 98 participants chewed one of four saliva‐stimulating tablets five times/day. The tablets contained one of the following: xylitol (X) or sorbitol (S), or 1:1 mixtures of xylitol and erythritol (XE) or sorbitol and erythritol (SE). Consumption of xylitol and sorbitol in Groups X and S was 5.4 grams/day/ subject, and of each polyol in Groups XE and SE, consumption was 2.7 g/day/subject. Interproximal dental plaque and stimulated whole saliva were sampled at baseline, at Day 36, and Day 64. There was a statistically significant reduction of S. mutans in plaque and saliva counts in Groups X and XE. The percentage of S. mutans in total streptococci increased significantly in dental plaque in Group S but decreased in the other groups. The results suggest that xylitol‐containing saliva stimulants may be more effective than sorbitol‐containing products in controlling some caries‐associated parameters in people who are mentally disabled. Also a relationship may exist between the pentitol‐type xylitol and S. mutans, and erythritol may exert a specific biochemical effect on this organism, although further studies are needed.
Evaluation of health questionnaires used in dentistry
Authors: Veltrini Vanessa Cristina , Capelozza Ana Lúcia Alvares , Damante José Humberto 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn evaluation of a patient's general health before dental treatment is necessary to identify any systemic conditions, which may influence treatment and allow the dentist to evaluate risks, and reduce possible complications. Of the 860 dentists contacted by mail, 112 provided health questionnaires used in their offices. The authors evaluated the information in these questionnaires by describing content and rating them according to the importance of each topic. Questions were divided into categories and compared against a standard list of health‐related topics. The authors also assessed the questionnaires based on dentists' area of specialization and length of clinical experience. It was not possible to establish a statistically significant correlation between the quality of a health questionnaire and dentists' specialty or length of experience; however, the questionnaires used by periodontists were rated as more comprehensive than those adopted by pedodontists (p < 0. 05). Overall, the topics asked about most frequently were allergies, diabetes, and patient drug use.
Dental findings in 4‐, 14‐, and 25‐to 35‐year‐old Hong Kong residents with mental and physical disabilities
Authors: Donnell David O , Sheiham Aubrey , Wai Yeung Kim 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to collect baseline data on dental status of 4‐, 14‐ and 25‐ to 35‐year‐old Hong Kong residents who were mentally impaired and physically disabled. Participants were randomly selected from figures derived from a pilot survey, and dentally examined. The mean dmft/DMFT scores were 1.25, 2.27, and 5.23 (Missing component of 3.02), respectively. There was no correlation between caries experience and physical mobility, mental impairment, or sex in any age group. No visible plaque was found in 85.1% of 4 year olds (n = 309), 52.3% 14 year olds (n = 174), and 36.2% 25 to 35 year olds (n = 264). Visible plaque was recorded for 13.6% 4 year olds, 30.5% 14 year olds, and 47% 25 to 35 year olds. Abundant plaque was detected in 1.4% 4 year olds, 17.2% 14 year olds, and 15.8% 25 to 35 year olds. No calculus was observed in the 4 year olds, but 20.2% of 14 year olds had calculus as did 56.3% of the 25 to 35 year olds.
A comparison of perceived injection pain with and without anesthetic between elderly and young female subjects
Authors: Carr Michele P. , France Rebecca P. , Horton John E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeveral reports have indicated that the perception toward pain declines with age. However, since pain thresholds have been reported to be lower in females than in males, studies to detect pain perception may be more sensitive in females. In dental care, the injection of local anesthetics with a needle is used to abrogate subsequent pain from treatment. However, the anomaly of using one potentially painful procedure to prevent subsequent pain often hinders patients from seeking dental care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception of pain from needle‐sticks with and without anesthetic between young and elderly female subjects. We compared the perception of pain stimulated by needle‐sticks without (NS) and with (NS‐I) 0.3 mL of local anesthetic injected into the oral mucosal tissues of a group of 20 young females (aged 19–24 yrs) and a group of 18 elderly females (aged 70–75 yrs). A Verbal Pain Scale (VPS; descriptors assigned, 0–4) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 0–10 cm) were used to measure pain intensity. Statistical analyses by AN OVA and Fisher's Exact Test were used where appropriate. The VPS and VAS scores for perception of pain in elderly females were lower than the scores from the younger subjects. No differences between Ns and Ns‐I in either age group were found. Study limitations included potential periodic hormonal imbalances in both groups of females as well as untested diminished cognitive function in elderly subjects. However, we conclude, with the noted cautions, that pain perception between the two groups was not significantly different.
Oral health in the elderly with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zielinski Marzenna B. , Fedele Denise , Forman Lloyd J. , Pomerantz Sherry C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNon‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a common endocrine disease affecting the elderly in particular. Long‐term complications involve the vasculature; vision, renal, and neural function; and the periodontium. Knowledge about the oral health of the elderly and the effects of NIDDM is limited. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health of patients aged 60+ years, who have NIDDM, with patients who do not have NIDDM. To evaluate oral health, we recorded retention and condition of the teeth, periodontal health, and condition of the oral mucosa. We also assessed oral hygiene, smoking history, regularity of dental checkups, and medication use. The study group was selected from among patients who came to the ambulatory care clinic at University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey, Center for Aging with a diagnosis of NIDDM. The control group, which did not have NIDDM, was selected from among the same patient group and was matched for age and gender. Patients with severe dementia, those having fewer than 10 teeth or those who were in need of antibiotic prophylaxis were excluded from the study. Patients underwent a short interview and a clinical evaluation. Our study involved 32 elderly adults with NIDDM and 40 elderly adults who did not have NIDDM. Both groups had similar oral hygiene levels and regularity of professional dental care. In addition, the plasma glucose levels among the study group were well controlled. This study did not show statistically significant differences in oral health parameters between participants with diabetes and those in a control group.
The effect of a disinfectant/ coolant irrigant on microbes isolated from dental unit water lines
Authors: Epstein Joel B. , Dawson J.R. , Buivids Ilze A. , Wong Bea , Le Nhu D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess water samples from a hospital dental clinic to determine whether a disinfectant/coolant irrigant containing chlorhexidine (Lines,tm Micrylium Laborator‐ies) affects the presence of microbial organisms in dental unit waterlines. Water samples from three hospital dental operatories were collected at baseline and after overnight treatment with a disinfectant‐containing irrigant followed by sterile water irrigation. Saliva of treated patients and sterile water rinse specimens were collected from the waterlines of these operatories for three consecutive days, then weekly for eight weeks after treatment. Specimens were cultured to identify total heterotrophic plate counts as well as presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida species. Baseline organism counts varied from 103 to 105 colony‐forming units per milliliter. After treatment, no organisms were detected in waterline discharge. Decontamination of dental unit waterlines is possible using a disinfectant/irrigant followed by sterile water irrigation. The potential for contamination of the lines from patients' saliva may have been reduced due to use of anti‐retraction valves and the disinfectant/sterile water irrigation, as conducted in this study.
General and oral characteristics in Rett syndrome
Authors: Magalhães Marina H. C. G. , Kawamura Juliana Y. , Araújo Luiz C. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRett syndrome (RS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by developmental arrest of parts of the brain. It is an X chromosome‐linked condition which affects females almost exclusively. Recent reports have been generated concerning the multidisciplinary management of individuals exhibiting Rett syndrome. The aim of the present report was to provide an update on the oral manifestations of the disorder. We evaluated the general and oral characteristics of RS in 13 female patients. The most frequent manifestations were stereotyped hand movements and bruxism. The treatment we carried out included the use of biteplanes and acupuncture.
Development of a systematic oral care program for frail elderly persons
Authors: Sumi Yasunori , Nakamura Yasunori , Michiwaki Yukihiro 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a systematic oral care program for community‐dwelling‐dependent or institutionalized elderly adults. The study group consisted of 20 dependent elderly adults of which 15 were living in the community and five were in a nursing home. After eight weeks of systematic oral care, the plaque and gingival indices were scored and compared with baseline measurements. Also at the end of the study, caregivers completed a questionnaire that assessed their perspective on the advantages, disadvantages, burden and fatigue in providing the systematic oral care program. The results of this study demonstrate that a systematic oral care program reduced plaque and gingival indices for the subjects as well as reducing the caregivers' burden and fatigue in providing daily oral care.
A survey assessing the impact of a hosPital‐based General Practice Residency Program on dentists and dents I practice
Authors: Tejani Asif , Epstein Joel B. , Gibson Gary , Le Nhu 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this survey was to evaluate the outcome of completing a general practice hospital‐based dental residency program. A survey was mailed to all individuals who had completed a general practice residency program (resident) between 1980 and 1996 and to dentists who had not completed a hospital program (undergraduate). The responses were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. Seventy‐four percent of the resident group and 68% from the undergraduate sample group returned the questionnaire. Approximately half the residents were in general dental practice. Twenty‐six percent were involved in specialty dentistry, 7% in hospital dentistry, and 20% in teaching at a dental school. Of the undergraduate dentists, more than three‐quarters were in general practice, 5% were entered into specialty programs, 1% were involved in hospital dentistry, and 15% taught at a dental school. Half of the residents held staff privileges in a hospital or ambulatory setting, compared with 16% of undergraduates. Forty‐three percent of the residents provided consultation in a hospital or long‐term‐care facility, compared with 21% of the undergraduates. Practice characteristics suggested enhanced clinical skills in oral surgery, periodontics, emergency dental care, and oral medicine/pathology in those completing the hospital program. The findings of this study confirm that the outcome of completing a hospital program is a change in practice profile, site of practice, services for complex patients, and continuing involvement in teaching.
Dental status and satisfaction with oral function in a sample of community‐dwelling elderly people in Japan
Authors: Ikebe Kazunori , Nokubi Takashi , Ettinger Ronald L. , Namba Hidekazu , Tanioka Nozomu , Iwase Kateuya , Ono Takahiro 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dental status on oral function and satisfaction among a group of independently living elderly persons in an urban area of Japan. The study sample consisted of participants of the Senior Citizens' College from 1995 to 1999. Their dental status and oral satisfaction were measured by a questionnaire. The number of usable questionnaires was 3967, or 80.8% of the total sample. The mean age of the subjects was 66.5 ± 4.3 years, and 52.2% were male. Twenty‐nine percent of them had a natural dentition, and 7.0% were edentulous in both jaws. The prevalence of edentulism in the study sample was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that for the national survey. Overall, 66.4% of the subjects were satisfied with their ability to chew, 56.2% with the appearance of their teeth, 63.1% with their ability to speak clearly, and 76.5% with their ability to taste food. For complete‐denture wearers, the greatest dissatisfaction was with speech (28.5%); however, for the RPD wearers, it was with chewing ability (21.7%). Sixty‐one percent of complete‐denture wearers reported that they were satisfied with their chewing ability, but only 11% of them could eat all three of the evaluated foods without difficulty. The multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that both dental status and self‐assessed general health had a significant association with dissatisfaction with all four oral functions and self‐assessed impairment of chewing ability. There were significant associations between the elderly subjects' dental status and oral function.
Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome: a review, case report and dental implications
Authors: Muzzin Kathleen B. , Harper Lisa F. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSmith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by multiple congenital malformations, dysmorphic craniofacial features, and mental impairment. SLOS is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 7‐dehydrocholesterol Δ7 reductase which converts 7‐dehyrocholesterol to cholesterol. This error results in elevated serum levels of 7‐dehydrocholesterol and decreased levels of serum cholesterol. This article describes the clinical features and medical treatment of SLOS. A case report is included, with recommended guidelines for providing safe and comprehensive dental care for individuals with SLOS.
Oral manifestations of renal osteodystrophy: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Antonelli John R. , Hottei Timothy L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTRenal osteodystrophy, characterized by uneven bone growth and demineralization, is described. Oral manifestations of the disorder are described, and the value of dental radiographs in early detection of renal osteodystrophy is noted. A case report of a patient with severe oral complications, which resulted from long‐standing end‐stage renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism, is presented. Giant cell lesions of hyperparathyroidism, referred to as brown tumors (which may be associated with pain and swelling), are the key clinical oral manifestations and are the most dramatic dental radiographic finding in patients with renal osteodystrophy. Bone changes may include loss of lamina dura, giant cell lesions of hyperparathyroidism, and bone demineralization. The dentist's role in detection, assessment, and treatment is stressed.
Dental status of women with gestational diabetes on a Greek island
Authors: Mittas Efthymios , Erevnidou Katerina , Kefalogiannis Nikos , Vlachonikolis Loannis , Helidonis Emmanuel 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the dental tissues in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. The study group consisted of 39 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and the control group included 62 pregnant women without the disorder. The plaque index, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF index) and the relationship of these measures to a series of variables (socio‐demographic, oral hygiene and diet) were evaluated. Clinical evaluation was performed during 34–36 weeks of pregnancy. The plaque index and DMF were increased among women with gestational diabetes compared with control patients but the differences were not significant (p= 0.167 and p= 0.436, respectively). The DMF increased with respect to age (p < 0.001) and frequency of snacks before pregnancy (p= 0.058). The DMF and plaque index decreased (p= 0.031 and p= 0.004, respectively) among women with a higher level of education. This study detected no significant differences in dental status between pregnant women with gestational diabetes and pregnant women without the disorder.
The prevalence of periodontal disease measures in elderly adults, aged 79 and older
Authors: Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. , Chowdhury Jyoti , DeBus Becky , Watkins Cathy A. , Cowen Howard J. , Kirchner H. Lester , Hand Jed S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFrom 1996‐98, we examined 449 adults (mean age 85 years) from the 1982 Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study, in the field using headlight, mirror, and periodontal probe. Ninety‐six of the 342 dentate subjects were excluded from the follow‐up examination due to contraindications to probing, and 10 could not be assessed due to refusals, fatigue or other reasons. For all remaining subjects (n=236), attachment loss, defined as recession plus probing depth, was determined at four sites per tooth. Ninety‐one percent of the subjects had at least one site with 4+ mm of attachment loss, 45% had one or more sites with attachment loss of 6+ mm, and 15% had 8+ mm of attachment loss. Moderate periodontal disease is prevalent among very old dentate adults while advanced periodontal disease is much less prevalent, suggesting that most periodontal treatment needed by this age group can be provided by general dentists and dental hygienists rather than periodontists.
Unprovoked periodontal hemorrhage, life‐threatening anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura: an unusual case report
Authors: Owais Zaidoon , Dane John , Cumming Christopher G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSpontaneous gingival bleeding can occasionally be the only sign of systemic bleeding problems. The diagnosis and management of such conditions may challenge the skills of both the hematologist and the oral physician. We present this patient because of several confusing phenomena that were encountered: unprovoked periodontal hemorrhage, which endangered the life of an otherwise asymptomatic young adult male; (especially unusual was a platelet count above 150,000 cells per microliter of blood), and presentation of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura through spontaneous periodontal hemorrhage alone. This case history also highlights the fact that medical intervention to correct the underlying aberration of hemostasis is necessary for local dental measures to successfully stop bleeding. In contrast with the definition of thrombocytopenia, the “within normal” count of platelets should not exclude the possibility of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura; a fact that, if ignored, can make the diagnosis and management of bleeding troublesome.
Periodontal disease and mortality in an aged population
Authors: Ajwani Shilpi , Mattila Kimmo J. , Tilvis Reijo S. , Ainamo Anja 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe investigated the relationship between periodontitis and mortality in home‐dwelling individuals aged (75+ years), considering potential confounders including C‐reactive protein levels. This study involved 364 individuals, originally part of the Helsinki Ageing Study cohort, who underwent medical and dental examinations in 1990 and were followed for five years. After five years, 52 of the 175 dentate subjects had died. Using univariate analysis, the association between baseline periodontitis and mortality was of borderline significance. After controlling for the common risk factors, periodontitis more than doubled the risk of cardiovascular disease‐related mortality (HR 2.28, CI 1.03–5.05). The increase in total mortality was, however, not statistically significant (HR 1.43, CI 0.81‐2.50). Subjects who were edentulous had higher mortality than those who were dentate without periodontitis, but the difference was not statistically significant. A baseline CRP level above 3 mg/l was associated with high mortality; but this effect was significant only among individuals with periodontitis. These results suggest that periodontitis influences the pathogenesis and outcome of cardiovascular disease, especially in individuals who also have evidence of a systemic inflammatory reaction.