bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Underground Gas Storage Simulator
Authors: Kurihara Masanori , Liang Jialing , Fujimoto Fujio , Nghiem Long , Sammon Peter 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC) is conducting a survey on underground gas storage (UGS) using inert gas as cushion gas, which makes good use of assets of depleted gas or gas condensate reservoirs. Since the Japanese regulation for a heating value of city gas is extremely strict, a heating value and hence composition of gas withdrawn from those reservoirs must be carefully predicted to properly design UGS projects.
JNOC has developed an UGS simulator, which can rigorously evaluate a heating value of withdrawn gas taking into consideration all the major phenomena that possibly affect composition of withdrawn gas.
A conventional cubic equation of state (EOS) based 3-D compositional simulator and a PVT simulator were improved to construct the UGS simulator equipped with the functions for calculating physical phenomena: a) molecular diffusion and velocity dependent dispersion, b) three-phase flash including dissolution of gaseous components into water and vaporization of water, c) adsorption of gaseous components onto a rock surface and d) turbulence and Klinkenberg effects. In addition, new functions of MPFA (Multi-Point Flux Approximation) and TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) scheme with local grid refinement in a corner point geometry were incorporated into the simulator to rigorously calculate a fluid flux with permeability tensors and to reduce numerical dispersion, respectively. Furthermore, functions to calculate temperature distributions both in a reservoir and wellbore were added to examine the effect of cooling caused by gas injection and adiabatic expansion on fluid flow and gas composition.
Each function newly developed for the UGS simulator was then validated through test runs using laboratory test data. Field scale simulations for hypothetical reservoirs were also conducted to confirm the simulator's performance as well as to examine the effect of cushion gas volume, working gas volume, reservoir heterogeneity and in situ gas composition on withdrawn gas composition.
This paper describes the development and validation of the UGS simulator followed by the results of field scale simulation runs.
Role of Geoscience and Engineering Software in Reservoir Management
Authors: Satter Abdus , Baldwin James O. , Jespersen Rich 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Integrated geoscience and engineering software plays a key role in providing reservoir performance analysis, which is needed to develop management plan, as well as to monitor, evaluate, and operate the reservoir. As opposed to only one reservoir life, the software can simulate many lives for the reservoir under different scenarios, and thus provide a very powerful tool to optimize reservoir operations.
This presentation will discuss how to build an integrated geoscience/engineering reservoir model, which dictates the accuracy of the computed performance results, and illustrates the role that software plays in reservoir management with the following examples:
▪ Newly discovered offshore oil field How to create an economically viable development plan i.e., natural depletion, or natural depletion augmented by water injection, and well spacing requiring the number of wells and platforms, based upon simulation studies and economic analyses? ▪ Nigeria's North Apoi /Funiwa Field How did a team of geoscientists and engineers evaluate, using integrated software, the past and future reservoir performance under various operating conditions, and more than double the reserves of this mature offshore field? ▪ Waterflood Project Development How to engineer an economically viable waterflood development plan for a primary depleted reservoir, considering peripheral and patterns floods?
It was concluded that integrated software is now playing a key role in reservoir management. Software provides the opportunity to quickly and inexpensively test the various ways to produce a field. In addition, software can be effectively utilized to choose the most economically viable way to exploit an asset.
Coiled Tubing for SlimHole Cementing and Completing
Authors: Caproni Cristiano , Di Iorio Maurizio , Fornasari Sergio 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Current trends in the oil and gas industry are focusing more heavily on operational efficiency and cost reduction than ever before. Therefore, operators and service companies are investigating any technique that offers possibility for improvement in these areas, and this explains the recently renewed interest in the monobore and slimhole concepts.
The most obvious savings are those that relate to:
the size of the rig required to drill the hole the amount of well control material used during the drilling of the hole the quantity of cement required to cement the casing string in place the size and quantity of tubing and casing required to complete the well the discharge of drill cuttings would be dramatically reduced.
This paper will review a new equipment design that is ideally suited for use with coiled tubing to perform a cement job in slimhole wells.
This innovative technique is performed with 2-in. coiled tubing. A special device, which is made up with an educated J-slot and a 2.55-in. seal at the end of the coiled tubing, will engage and disengage automatically from a seal bore receptacle that is placed at the end of the 3-½-in. casing string.
This tool is retrieved, easily redressed and re-used. It can be sheared so that the coiled tubing can be pulled in the event a catastrophic event occurs during the cement job.
This tool reduces the contamination of cement. In addition, it offers an economical method for cementing in scenarios in which a standard cement job cannot be performed. For example, when a control-line-activated landing nipple is used in the casing/tubing string, there is risk of depositing cement in the landing nipple bore and plugging the control line when using traditional cementing techniques.
This paper describes the operational procedures, benefits of the system, and a slimhole completion design adopted by ENI-AGIP to take advantage of the benefits of the system.
New Techniques for Hydraulic Fracturing in the Hassi Messaoud Field
Authors: van Batenburg Diederik , Halliburton B. V. , Amor Bachir Ben , Belhaouas Rafik 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The Hassi Messaoud oilfield is a thick sandstone reservoir in the north-eastern part of central Algeria. The reservoir was discovered in 1956 and produces from a Cambrian-age sandstone at approximately 3400 meters depth. Hydraulic fracturing has been successfully used to improve oil production since 1990. Pre-treatment injection tests have been conducted on approximately 250 wells and proppant has actually been placed in approximately 200 wells. The 50 wells on which only injection tests were conducted were reviewed. The review showed that there were three main reasons why treatments were aborted after the injection tests: (1) mechanical failure of the well, (2) treating pressure too high, and (3) fracture geometry, as interpreted from temperature logs, created outside target interval.
In order to increase the success rate of the treatments two new techniques were recently introduced. Propellant stimulation techniques were used to reduce fracture initiation pressures and to control the fracture initiation point.A dual fracturing technique was introduced to control downward growth of the created fractures.
The paper presents three well-documented case histories to illustrate the application of these new techniques. The data presented includes pre- and post-treatment production, peak pressures from the propellant runs, temperature and radioactive tracer logs from after the injection tests, and radioactive tracer logs that show the actual placement of the proppant.
Liver-Specific Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α Target Gene Regulation by the Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blocker Telmisartan
Authors: Clemenz Markus , Frost Nikolaj , Schupp Michael , Caron Sandrine , Foryst-Ludwig Anna , Böhm Christian , Hartge Martin , Gust Ronald , Staels Bart , Unger Thomas , Kintscher Ulrich 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—The angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ modulator telmisartan has been recently demonstrated to reduce plasma triglycerides in nondiabetic and diabetic hypertensive patients. The present study investigates the molecular mechanisms of telmisartans hypolipidemic actions, in particular its effect on the PPARα pathway.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Regulation of PPARα target genes by telmisartan was studied by real-time PCR and Western immunoblotting in vitro and in vivo in liver/skeletal muscle of mice with diet-induced obesity. Activation of the PPARα ligand binding domain (LBD) was investigated using transactivation assays.RESULTS—Telmisartan significantly induced the PPARα target genes carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) in human HepG2 cells and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) in murine AML12 cells in the micromolar range. Telmisartan-induced CPT1A stimulation was markedly reduced after small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of PPARα. Telmisartan consistently activated the PPARα-LBD as a partial PPARα agonist. Despite high in vitro concentrations required for PPARα activation, telmisartan (3 mg · kg−1 · day−1) potently increased ACSL1 and CPT1A expression in liver from diet-induced obese mice associated with a marked decrease of hepatic and serum triglycerides. Muscular CPT1B expression was not affected. Tissue specificity of telmisartan-induced PPARα target gene induction may be the result of previously reported high hepatic concentrations of telmisartan.CONCLUSIONS—The present study identifies the ARB/PPARγ modulator telmisartan as a partial PPARα agonist. As a result of its particular pharmacokinetic profile, PPARα activation by telmisartan seems to be restricted to the liver. Hepatic PPARα activation may provide an explanation for telmisartan's antidyslipidemic actions observed in recent clinical trials.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates GLUT4 Transcription by Phosphorylating Histone Deacetylase 5
Authors: McGee Sean L. , van Denderen Bryce J.W. , Howlett Kirsten F. , Mollica Janelle , Schertzer Jonathan D. , Kemp Bruce E. , Hargreaves Mark 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Insulin resistance associated with obesity and diabetes is ameliorated by specific overexpression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine these mechanisms.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS—Here, we report that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates GLUT4 transcription through the histone deacetylase (HDAC)5 transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of HDAC5 represses GLUT4 reporter gene expression, and HDAC inhibition in human primary myotubes increases endogenous GLUT4 gene expression. In vitro kinase assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and site-specific phospho-antibodies establish AMPK as an HDAC5 kinase that targets S259 and S498. Constitutively active but not dominant-negative AMPK and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment in human primary myotubes results in HDAC5 phosphorylation at S259 and S498, association with 14-3-3 isoforms, and H3 acetylation. This reduces HDAC5 association with the GLUT4 promoter, as assessed through chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and HDAC5 nuclear export, concomitant with increases in GLUT4 gene expression. Gene reporter assays also confirm that the HDAC5 S259 and S498 sites are required for AICAR induction of GLUT4 transcription.
CONCLUSIONS—These data reveal a signal transduction pathway linking cellular energy charge to gene transcription directed at restoring cellular and whole-body energy balance and provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment and management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Association of the Distal Region of the Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 Gene With Type 2 Diabetes in an African-American Population Enriched for Nephropathy
Authors: Keene Keith L. , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Smith Shelly G. , Leak Tennille S. , Perlegas Peter S. , Langefeld Carl D. , Freedman Barry I. , Rich Stephen S. , Bowden Donald W. , Sale Michèle M. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Variants in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene have shown positive associations with diabetes and related phenotypes, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, evidence for linkage for type 2 diabetes in African Americans was observed at 6q24-27, with the proximal edge of the peak encompassing the ENPP1 gene. Our objective was to comprehensively evaluate variants in ENPP1 for association with type 2 diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the coding and flanking regions of ENPP1 were genotyped in 577 African-American individuals with type 2 diabetic ESRD and 596 African-American control subjects. Haplotypic association and genotypic association for the dominant, additive, and recessive models were tested by calculating a χ2 statistic and corresponding P value.RESULTS—Nine SNPs showed nominal evidence for association (P &lt; 0.05) with type 2 diabetic ESRD in one or more genotypic model. The most significant associations were observed with rs7754586 (P = 0.003 dominant model, P = 0.0005 additive, and P = 0.007 recessive), located in the 3′ untranslated region, and an intron 24 SNP (rs1974201: P = 0.004 dominant, P = 0.0005 additive, and P = 0.005 recessive). However, the extensively studied K121Q variant (rs1044498) did not reveal evidence for association with type 2 diabetic ESRD in this African-American population.CONCLUSIONS—This study was the first to comprehensively evaluate variants of the ENPP1 gene for association in an African-American population with type 2 diabetes and ESRD and suggests that variants in the distal region of the ENPP1 gene may contribute to diabetes or diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in African Americans.
Influence of Delayed Placement of Composites Over Cured Adhesives on Dentin Bond Strength of Single-application Self-etch Systems
Authors: Asaka Y. , Miyazaki M. , Takamizawa T. , Tsubota K. , Moore B. K. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The delay in placement of composite over single-application self-etching adhesive systems was a crucial factor influencing dentin bond strength compared to a composite placed immediately after the polymerization of adhesives.
Restorative Treatment Decision Making with Unaided Visual Examination, Intraoral Camera and Operating Microscope
Authors: Erten H. , Üçtasli M. B. , Akarslan Z. Z. , Uzun Ö , Semiz M. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The use of an intraoral camera aided in the treatment of occlusal surfaces of molars.
Wear Resistance and Surface Roughness of a Newly Devised Adhesive Patch for Sealing Smooth Enamel Surfaces
Authors: Schmidlin P. R. , Göhring T. N. , Roos M. , Zehnder M. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The adhesive patch under investigation showed good wear resistance and clinically tolerable surface roughness values following chemomechanical exposure; therefore, it appeared suitable as a smooth enamel sealant.
Time-based Elution of TEGDMA and BisGMA from Resin Composite Cured with LED, QTH and High-intensity QTH Lights
Authors: Nalçaci A. , Ulusoy N. , Atakol O. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevanceUnder the conditions of this study, when compared to standard QTH, both standard LED and high-intensity QTH light curing resulted in lower levels of the elution of TEGDMA, which is suspected to be the prime cause of cytotoxic reactions in resin composite restorations.
Bonding Efficacy of Single-step Self-etch Systems to Sound Primary and Permanent Tooth Dentin
Authors: Uekusa S. , Yamaguchi K. , Miyazaki M. , Tsubota K. , Kurokawa H. , Hosoya Y. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Single-step self-etch systems are capable of producing a predictable bond to primary dentin, although the bond strength was found to be lower than permanent dentin.
Clinical Evaluation of a Nanofilled Composite in Posterior Teeth: 12-month Results
Authors: Dresch W. , Volpato S. , Gomes J. C. , Ribeiro N. R. , Reis A. , Loguercio A. D. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Nanofilled resin composite showed excellent clinical performance, similar to microhybrid and packable composites after 12-months.
Microtensile Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements to Artificially Created Carious Dentin
Authors: Choi K. , Oshida Y. , Platt J. A. , Cochran M. A. , Matis B. A. , Yi K. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The mean microtensile bond strengths of glass ionomer cements to carious dentin were significantly lower than to sound dentin.
2-year Clinical Evaluation of Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment in the Restoration of Non-carious Cervical Lesions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saboia V. P. A. , Almeida P. C. , Ritter A. V. , Swift E. J. , Pimenta L. A. F. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The use of 10% sodium hypochlorite to remove exposed collagen after acid-etching did not affect the clinical performance of composite restorations of non-carious cervical lesions.
Microleakage Evaluation of a New Low-shrinkage Composite Restorative Material
Authors: Yamazaki P. C. V. , Bedran-Russo A. K. B. , Pereira P. N. R. , Swift E. J. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Incremental placement remains the preferred restorative technique for direct composites. To reduce the effects of polymerization shrinkage on marginal quality, the low-shrink Hermes system might become a good alternative in clinical practice.
Effect of 1-bottle Light-cured Adhesive Acidity on Microleakage of a Self-cured Composite
Authors: Kimyai S. , Oskoee S. Savadi 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The high in vitro microleakage values, with some combinations of 1-bottle light-cured adhesives and self-cured composite core materials, could be clinically significant.
Demineralization Effects of 2 Bleaching Procedures on Enamel Surfaces With and Without Post-treatment Fluoride Application
Authors: Bizhang M. , Seemann R. , Duve G. , Römhild G. , Altenburger M. J. , Jahn K. R. , Zimmer S. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The results of this study suggest that post-treatment fluoride application prevents mineral loss in bleached enamel surfaces.
Properties of a Dental Resin Composite with a Spherical Inorganic Filler
Authors: Lu H. , Lee Y. K. , Oguri M. , Powers J. M. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Of the materials tested in this study, the spherical filler composite (Estelite Σ) had similar properties as the nano-composite (Filtek Supreme). Thus, Estelite Σcan be used in anterior regions and restricted posterior restorations. All the materials had a similar shrinkage pattern, in that about 99% of the shrinkage occurred prior to 24 hours; thus, for direct resin composite restorations, a strong initial bonding strength with bonding agent would be necessary.
In Vitro Evaluation of Giomers Microleakage After Exposure to 33% Hydrogen Peroxide: Self-etch vs Total-etch Adhesives
Authors: Deliperi S. , Bardwell D. N. , Wegley C. , Congiu M. D. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Microleakage of a total-etch adhesive system was not influenced by the application of hydrogen peroxide; conversely, enamel dye penetration significantly increased for a self-etching primer.
Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Total and Self-etching Adhesive Systems
Authors: Mitsui F. H. O. , Peris A. R. , Cavalcanti A. N. , Marchi G. M. , Pimenta L. A. F. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Bond strength is affected by the combination of thermal and mechanical load cycling. However, results vary greatly with the number of mechanical cycles and adhesive system type (total or self-etching).
Bonding of Resin Composite Luting Cements to Zirconium Oxide by Two Air-particle Abrasion Methods
Authors: Kumbuloglu O. , Lassila L. V. J. , User A. , Vallittu P. K. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The results of this in vitro study suggest that, in combination with air-particle abrasion methods, Panavia F and RelyX Unicem resin composite luting cements with phosphoric-acid methacrylate content provide a strong resin bond to zirconium oxide.
The Microtensile Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesives to Ground Enamel
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Ito S. , Nishitani Y. , Haisch L. D. , Pashley D. H. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Bond strength to ground enamel of single component self-etching adhesive systems was lower than that of etch-and-rinse and self-etching primer systems.
DIAGNOdent Measurements and Correlation with the Depth and Volume of Minimally Invasive Cavity Preparations
Authors: Hamilton J. C. , Gregory W. A. , Valentine J. B. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevanceMeasurements from DIAGNOdent were not strongly correlated with the depth or volume of cavity preparations that resulted from carious lesions in the pits and fissures of posterior teeth.
Effect of Placement Agitation and Placement Time on the Shear Bond Strength of 3 Self-etching Adhesives
Authors: Velasquez L. M. , Sergent R. S. , Burgess J. O. , Mercante D. E. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARY
This study measured the shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 self-etching bonding agents to enamel and dentin with and without agitation at 3 different application times. The null hypotheses tested were that agitation and application time have no effect on bond strength. Occlusal surfaces of 180 recently extracted caries-free human molars were wet ground with 600 grit wet-dry silica carbide abrasive paper to obtain a flat enamel surface. The teeth were divided into 18 groups of 10 teeth. Three self-etching bonding agents, Clearfil SE BOND (Kuraray America), Xeno III (Dentsply) and AdheSE (Ivoclar-Vivadent) were applied using application times of 10, 20 or 30 seconds with or without agitation, thinned with a gentle stream of air and cured for 10 seconds, according to manufacturers' directions. Z100 (3M ESPE) composite, A2 shade, was placed over the cured adhesive and cured for 40 seconds. The samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature until testing. The samples were tested in shear to failure with a 1-mm/minute crosshead speed. After enamel shear bond strength testing, the teeth were again ground with 400 and 600-grit wet-dry SiC paper to obtain a flat dentin surface. The protocol used for preparing the enamel bond test samples was repeated, and the teeth were stored until testing in distilled water at room temperature. The samples were again tested in shear at a 1-mm/minute crosshead speed. Values were converted to MPa and data analyzed for intergroup differences using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Agitation did not improve enamel SBS for any of the materials tested, but there was a significant difference in enamel SBS among materials: Clearfil SE Bond shear bond strength was greater than Xeno III, which was greater than AdheSE. At 10 seconds application time on dentin, agitation improved the Clearfil SE Bond SBS and, at 20 seconds application time on dentin, agitation significantly improved SBS to dentin for all systems tested. Agitation had no affect when the adhesive was applied to dentin for 30 seconds. Clearfil SE Bond SBS to dentin was significantly higher than the other self-etching adhesives tested except at 10 seconds without agitation.
Influence of Resin Composite Shade and Location of the Gingival Margin on the Microleakage of Posterior Restorations
Authors: Araujo F. O. , Vieira L. C. C. , Monteiro S. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
In terms of marginal sealing, different shades cannot be considered a determining factor for the performance of the resin composite studied.