bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF WELL LOGS TO DETERMINE THE RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF MIOCENE ROCKS AT THE BAHAR NORTHEAST FIELD, GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT
Authors: Abd El‐Gawad E. A. 
Published: March 2007

This paper is concerned with the petrophysical evaluation by means of electric logs of Miocene reservoir rocks at the Bahar Northeast field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The reservoir rocks are assigned to the Hammam Faraun and Sidri Members of the Middle Miocene Belayim Formation and the Lower Miocene Kareem Carbonate.Computer‐assisted log analyses were used to evaluate petrophysical parameters such as the shale proportion (Vsh), effective porosity (φE), water saturation (SW), hydrocarbon saturation (Sh), flushed zone saturation (Sxo) and true resistivity (Rt).Lithological compositions, effective porosity, and water and hydrocarbon saturations are illustrated on cross‐plots of depth versus lithology and saturation. Isoparametric maps are used to illustrate the spatial variation of petrophysical parameters and to show their relationships with the geologic setting of the study area.Based on the results obtained, the Hammam Faraun and Sidri Members of the Belayin Formation and the Kareem Carbonate appear to possess promising reservoir characteristics which should be taken into consideration during future development of the field area.
Taxonomy of the genus Rhizophagus Herbst (Coleoptera: Monotomidae: Rhizophaginae) in Korea
Authors: PARK Sun‐Jae , LEE Seung‐Il , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA taxonomic study of the genus Rhizophagus Herbst in Korea is presented. Three species –Rhizophagus (Anomophagus) puncticollis Sahlberg, Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) japonicus Reitter and Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) nobilis Lewis – are recognized. The genus and species are recorded for the first time in Korea. A key, habitus photos, descriptions, and illustrations of diagnostic characters of known Korean Rhizophagus species are given.
Prevalence of ectoparasites in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) brought for slaughter in the Gwagwalada area, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: IDRIS H. S. , UMAR H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEctoparasites from the bodies of 600 slaughtered goats between the ages of 1 and 50 months, collected within a period of 10 months (February to November 2005), were isolated using fractionation techniques. Collected data were analysed by χ2‐test. A total of 60 of the 600 goats examined (10.00%) were infected with ectoparasites. The prevalent ectoparasites observed were species of Rhipicephalus (28 goats; 4.67%), Boophilus (8 goats; 1.33%), Amblyomma (6 goats; 1.00%), Hyalomma (6 goats; 1.00%), Linognathus (18 goats; 3.00%) and Damalina (1 goat; 0.17%). The infection rates according to age and sex of goats were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Goats were observed to have single or multiple infections of ectoparasites. More goats (46) had a single infection than a multiple infection (14). Regarding distribution of the ectoparasites on the various sites of the animal body, it was observed that lice preferred the head, back, ears and belly, while ticks were found in the hooves and interdigital spaces as well as at the sites listed for lice.
Mosquito species distribution and larval breeding habitats with taxonomic identification of Anopheline mosquitoes in Korea
Authors: KIM Heung Chul , KLEIN Terry A. , LEE Won Ja , COLLIER Brett W. , CHONG Sung Tae , SAMES William J. , LEE In Yong , LEE Young Jae , LEE Dong Kyu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 2005, adult and larval mosquito surveillance was conducted at selected sites in Korea to associate larval habitats with species distribution of mosquitoes of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group (An. sinensis, An. lesteri, An. pullus, An. belenrae and An. kleini) and other mosquito species. Anopheles specimens belonging to the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group were identified to species level by molecular confirmation using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐2 within nuclear ribosomal (r)DNA. A total of 6644 mosquitoes from resting and light trap collections (4451; 67.0%) and larval collections (2193; 33.0%) comprising 32 species and nine genera (Culex [11], Anopheles [8], Ochlerotatus [5], Aedes [3], Armigeres [1], Coquillettidia [1], Mansonia [1], Tripteroides [1] and Lutzia [1]) were collected. Larval habitats were characterized into 14 categories. Of a total of 4534 Anopheles spp. collected (3766 resting and light trap collections and 768 larval collections), Anopheles sinensis (3194; 70.4%) was the most frequently captured, followed by An. kleini (813; 17.9%), An. pullus (299; 6.6%) and An. belenrae (129; 2.8%). Four species of Anopheles (An. lesteri, An. sineroides, An. koreicus and An. lindesayi) were infrequently collected (<3.0%) at all sites surveyed by all methods of collection. Anopheles kleini, An. pullus and An. belenrae were collected in greater proportions in malaria high‐risk areas north of Seoul, and were infrequently collected in other parts of Korea, where An. sinensis was the predominant Anopheles spp. captured. A total of 2110 culicine mosquitoes (685 adult collections and 1425 larval collections) comprising 24 species and eight genera were collected.
Taxonomic review of the genus Anomalon Panzer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in Korea, with two new species
Authors: LEE Jong‐Wook , CHOI Won‐Young , YUN Mi‐Kyoung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractKorean species of the genus Anomalon are reviewed. We found five species in Korea. Of these, two species, Anomalon teresscutella n. sp. and Anomalon planobucca n. sp., are newly discovered and one species, Anomalon japonicum, is newly included in the Korean fauna. A revised key to the species, descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided.
Molecular genetic analysis of haematological malignancies II: mature lymphoid neoplasms
Authors: BENCH A. J. , ERBER W. N. , FOLLOWS G. A. , SCOTT M. A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryMolecular genetic techniques have become an integral part of the diagnostic assessment for many lymphomas and other chronic lymphoid neoplasms. The demonstration of a clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangement offers a useful diagnostic tool in cases where the diagnosis is equivocal. Molecular genetic detection of other genomic rearrangements may not only assist with the diagnosis but can also provide important prognostic information. Many of these rearrangements can act as molecular markers for the detection of low levels of residual disease. In this review, we discuss the applications of molecular genetic analysis to the chronic lymphoid malignancies. The review concentrates on those disorders for which molecular genetic analysis can offer diagnostic and/or prognostic information.
Mean platelet size related to glycoprotein‐specific autoantibodies and platelet‐associated IgG
Authors: JAVELA K. , KEKOMÄKI R. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryRecent evidence suggests that platelet‐associated glycoprotein‐specific (GP) antibodies represent true positive autoantibodies and can therefore be taken as the gold standard. Earlier tests, which aimed at detecting platelet‐associated IgG (PA‐IgG), might have been hampered, e.g. by the variation of platelet size in thrombocytopenic patients. In this study, 206 samples with increased PA‐IgG from consecutive thrombocytopenic patients were tested further for GP‐specific antibodies with a monoclonal antibody immobilized platelet antigen test (MAIPA) using a combination of a GP IIbIIIa‐specific and a GP IbIX‐specific antibody for immobilization or, in a separate assay, GP V‐specific antibody. Mean platelet size was recorded as forward scatter (FSC) of platelets in flow cytometric analysis of PA‐IgG. GP‐specific antibodies were detected in 49 (24%) of the 206 patient samples. Their presence correlated well with increased PA‐IgG (R = 0.769). The mean platelet size and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PA‐IgG were both significantly increased in patients compared with healthy controls (n = 112; P < 0.0001). Notably, PA‐IgG was associated with platelet size within the platelet population of both healthy controls and patients (R = 0.999). Further, the probability of GP IIbIIIa and/or IbIX and GP V‐specific PA‐IgG tended to increase with the mean platelet size of the patients (P = 0.045). In conclusion, large platelets bound more IgG than platelets of normal size, which may explain at least in part the reported low specificity of total PA‐IgG measurement. As the PA‐IgG displays low specificity compared with the gold standard, its use as such may be abandoned and replaced by tests for platelet‐associated GP‐specific autoantibodies.
Structural and Drug
Diffusion Models of Conventional and Auxetic Drug-Eluting
Stents
Authors: Dolla William Jacob
S. , Fricke Brian
A. , Becker Bryan R. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Most balloon angioplasty procedures include the insertion of tiny cylindrical wire mesh structures, called cardiovascular stents, into the artery to prevent the elastic recoil that follows arterial dilatation. The scaffolding characteristics of the stent provide strength to the artery wall. However, vascular injury during stent deployment and∕or recognition of the stent as a foreign material triggers neointimal hyperplasia, causing re-closure, or restenosis, of the artery. A recent advancement to counteract restenosis is to employ drug-eluting stents to locally deliver immunosuppressant and antiproliferative drugs. In this project, Fick’s law of diffusion was used to model drug diffusion from the stent matrix into the adjacent arterial tissue. An analytical procedure was also developed to estimate the circumferential and the flexural stiffnesses of stents. Furthermore, a unique auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) stent structure was proposed that exhibits high circumferential strength in its expanded configuration and low flexural rigidity in its crimped configuration. Results generated with the analytical diffusion model, developed in this project, compare favorably with previously published clinical and experimental data. The circumferential and flexural stiffnesses estimated using the analytical procedure developed in this project compare favorably with the results from rigorous finite element analyses and previously published experimental data.
The Kinnock Reforms in Perspective: Why Reforming the Commission is an Heroic, But Thankless, Task
Authors: Kassim Hussein 
Published: March 2007

The European Commission is a latecomer to administrative reform. Virtually alone among public administrations, it was untouched by the tide of management reforms that were a feature of the 1980s and early 1990s. Although modest attempts at modernisation were undertaken by the Santer Commission, these were limited, fragmentary and partially successful at best (Pollitt and Bourkaert, 2000; Stevens and Stevens, 2001). Since 1999, however, the Commission has adopted a far-reaching reform programme that, in relation to that body's size, tasks and responsibilities, is more comprehensive and radical than that undertaken by any other administration (Kassim, 2004). This article puts the reform programme implemented under the Prodi Commission into historical perspective. It argues, first, that only by approaching the Commission as an international organisation is it possible to explain both why reform failed to feature on its agenda for so long (see Siotis, 1965; Michelmann 1978; Claude 1971), and why the situation changed in 1999. It contends, second, that, though externally imposed and with elements prescribed by an outside body, the reform represents a significant achievement on the part of the Commission and, in particular, the reform Vice President, Neil Kinnock. The feat is all the more remarkable given the complexity of the EU's institutional environment and the short timescale within which the reform package was formulated and adopted. The article identifies problems, actual and potential, that may affect the ultimate success of the reform - a third aim. Finally, it contends that, in contrast to administrative reform at the national level (see Pollitt and Bourkeaert, 2000, p.6), there is little political capital to be made from Commission reform. The article is organised into four sections. The first discusses the non-occurrence of Commission reform for four decades after 1958. The second looks at the circumstances that brought about the Kinnock reforms, outlining the part played by the European Parliament and the European Council. The third examines the content of the reform programme and the nature of the reform strategy devised by the reform Vice President, focusing on how Kinnock sought to assert ownership over the reform, while at the same time using the opportunity to implement a full-scale modernisation programme. Potential difficulties are highlighted in the fourth.
British Local Government: A Case for a New Constitutional Settlement
Authors: Copus Colin 
Published: March 2007

As a creature of Statue, British local government is subject to constant change emanating from a superior constitutional source: central government. Much of the change that is imposed upon local government because of the need for governing institutions to respond to two competing sets of requirements: those that drive and are driven by either, technocracy or democracy. In all major reorganisations of local government, the attempts tofind a structuralfit between these two mutually antagonistic factors have seen the latter lose out to the former The question of local government size is part of the clash between technocracy and democracy that has been played-out in various reforms of local government in Britain. Indeed, current discussions about unitary councils and city-regions will ultimately result in larger, more remote and technocraticaly driven units of local government The article sets out a construct for British local government that would rest on the creation of a new constitutional settlement between the centre and the localities. It explores the role newly empowered local government could play within the context of a federal UK, and addresses how the politics of these new councils should be conducted. The article also explores what new formns of political accountability would be required in this new constitutional settlement and to whom local government should be accountable. It also examines the mechanisms by which that accountability can be secured. The article sets out a radically new context for central local relationships resting on a new balance of political power; responsibility and accountability.
The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information
Authors: Flanagin Andrew J. , Metzger Miriam J. 
Published: March 2007

Data from 574 participants were used to assess perceptions of message, site, and sponsor credibility across four genres of websites; to explore the extent and effects of verifying web-based information; and to measure the relative influence of sponsor familiarity and site attributes on perceived credibility.The results show that perceptions of credibility differed, such that news organization websites were rated highest and personal websites lowest, in terms of message, sponsor, and overall site credibility, with e-commerce and special interest sites rated between these, for the most part.The results also indicated that credibility assessments appear to be primarily due to website attributes (e.g. design features, depth of content, site complexity) rather than to familiarity with website sponsors. Finally, there was a negative relationship between self-reported and observed information verification behavior and a positive relationship between self-reported verification and internet/web experience. The findings are used to inform the theoretical development of perceived web credibility.
Diverging signaling events control the pathway of GPVI down-regulation in vivo
Authors: Rabie Tamer , Varga-Szabo David , Bender Markus , Pozgaj Rastislav , Lanza Francois , Saito Takashi , Watson Stephen P. , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Coronary artery thrombosis is often initiated by platelet activation on collagen-rich subendothelial layers in the disrupted atherosclerotic plaque. The activating platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) noncovalently associates with the Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ), which signals through its immunoreceptor-tyrosine–based activation motif (ITAM) via the adaptor LAT leading to the activation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). GPVI is a promising antithrombotic target as anti-GPVI antibodies induce the irreversible loss of the receptor from circulating platelets by yet undefined mechanisms in humans and mice and long-term antithrombotic protection in the latter. However, the treatment is associated with transient but severe thrombocytopenia and reduced platelet reactivity to thrombin questioning its clinical usefulness. Here we show that GPVI down-regulation occurs through 2 distinct pathways, namely ectodomain shedding or internalization/intracellular clearing, and that both processes are abrogated in mice carrying a point mutation in the FcRγ-associated ITAM. In mice lacking LAT or PLCγ2, GPVI shedding is abolished, but the receptor is irreversibly down-regulated through internalization/intracellular clearing. This route of GPVI loss is not associated with thrombocytopenia or altered thrombin responses. These results reveal the existence of 2 distinct signaling pathways downstream of the FcRγ-ITAM and show that it is possible to uncouple GPVI down-regulation from undesired side effects with obvious therapeutic implications.
Increase in Mortality Rate Following Coprescription of Cisapride and Contraindicated Drugs
Authors: Choi Nam-Kyong , Hahn Seokyung , Park Byung-Joo 
Published: March 2007

Background: No epidemiologic study, as of this writing, has been published on the use of cisapride with contraindicated drugs and its relation to mortality rates in a population-based setting. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of concomitant use of cisapride with contraindicated drugs and evaluate the association between this and the risk of mortality. Methods: Claims data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review Agency of Korea. The study population consisted of patients younger than 85 years who visited clinics or hospitals in the city of Busan as new users of cisapride between November 1, 2000, and April 30, 2002. The coprescription of cisapride was defined as prescribing cisapride with one or more contraindicated drugs with the same prescription. Nationwide mortality data were also used. The prevalence of coprescribing cisapride was estimated and the association between this and the risk of mortality was assessed by rate ratios (RRs). The RRs were estimated using Cox's regression model with time-dependent covariate, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities. Results: A total of 36 865 patients out of 56 012 claims were newly prescribed cisapride; of these, 1175 patients (3.2%) were concomitantly prescribed at least one contraindicated drug, which suggested adjusted modality RRs of 14.08 (95% CI 7.41 to 26.76) for recent users and 1.33 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.93) for past users of cisapride. Conclusions: Despite the discontinuation of the drug's commercial marketing, cisapride was still in use in clinics and hospitals in Busan. In many cases, cisapride was co-prescribed with contraindicated drugs, which is associated with increased mortality rates.
Does Metronidazole Interact with CYP3A Substrates by Inhibiting Their Metabolism Through This Metabolic Pathway? Or Should Other Mechanisms Be Considered?
Authors: Roedler Rhonda , Neuhauser Melinda M , Penzak Scott R 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To explore whether CYP3A inhibition by metronidazole is the primary mechanism by which metronidazole interacts with coadministered CYP3A substrates. Data Sources: Literature was accessed using the MEDLINE database (1966–February 2007). Search terms included metronidazole, cytochrome P450, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, drug interactions, and P-glycoprotein. References from pertinent articles, as well as from tertiary sources, were also considered. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All articles identified from the data sources that were published in English were evaluated. Case reports and pharmacokinetic evaluations were included. Data Synthesis: Elevated plasma concentrations and toxicities have been reported for a number of CYP3A substrates including amiodarone, carbamazepine, quinidine, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine when administered with metronidazole. This has led to the widespread belief that metronidazole is a significant inhibitor of CYP3A4. However, 4 pharmacokinetic studies conducted in humans showed that metronidazole did not increase plasma concentrations of the CYP3A substrates midazolam, erythromycin, cyclosporine, and alprazolam, thereby refuting the suggestion that metronidazole is a CYP3A4/5 inhibitor. Conclusions: Drug interactions between metronidazole and certain CYP3A substrates do not appear to result from CYP3A4/5 inhibition by metronidazole. Until any mechanism is identified by which metronidazole alters the disposition of certain CYP3A substrates, drug interactions with this agent should be assessed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the safety index of the coadministered drug and the availability of equally effective substitutes for either metronidazole or the drug with which it putatively interacts.
Drug-Induced Lupus Associated with Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens
Authors: Carroll Dana G , Cavanagh Lamont E 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To report a case of drug-induced lupus (DIL) in a patient taking Cenestin, a combination product of synthetic conjugated estrogens. Case Summary: A 54-year-old white female presented with a 4 month history of bilateral arm pain that developed and progressively worsened after initiating Cenestin 0.625 mg daily. The patient's symptoms, findings on physical examination (eg, degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joint), and laboratory test results (eg, antinuclear antibody titer 1–640 [normal <1–40]) were suggestive of DIL. Her symptoms rapidly resolved with discontinuation of Cenestin and promptly resumed with reinitiation of the drug. Laboratory test values also improved significantly with discontinuation of Cenestin. Based on these findings and the Naranjo probability scale score, this reaction was probably associated with Cenestin. Discussion: DIL differs from systemic lupus erythematosus in that it is caused by prolonged exposure at adequate doses to a drug rather than being an autoimmune reaction. The most commonly reported and studied medications are hydralazine, quinidine, and procainamide. Other medications have been associated with DIL; however, data are limited in these reports, especially with estrogen. There have been no previous reports in the literature of synthetic estrogen products associated with DIL. Conclusions: A diagnosis of DIL can be very challenging to make, especially since there are no clear criteria on which to base it. While estrogen has rarely been reported to be associated with DIL, it may be considered as a possible cause.