bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FL-GUARD: A Holistic Framework for Run-Time Detection and Recovery of Negative Federated Learning
Authors: Lin Hong , Shou Lidan , Chen Ke , Chen Gang , Wu Sai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFederated learning (FL) is a promising approach for learning a model from data distributed on massive clients without exposing data privacy. It works effectively in the ideal federation where clients share homogeneous data distribution and learning behavior. However, FL may fail to function appropriately when the federation is not ideal, amid an unhealthy state called Negative Federated Learning (NFL), in which most clients gain no benefit from participating in FL. Many studies have tried to address NFL. However, their solutions either (1) predetermine to prevent NFL in the entire learning life-cycle or (2) tackle NFL in the aftermath of numerous learning rounds. Thus, they either (1) indiscriminately incur extra costs even if FL can perform well without such costs or (2) waste numerous learning rounds. Additionally, none of the previous work takes into account the clients who may be unwilling/unable to follow the proposed NFL solutions when using those solutions to upgrade an FL system in use. This paper introduces FL-GUARD, a holistic framework that can be employed on any FL system for tackling NFL in a run-time paradigm. That is, to dynamically detect NFL at the early stage (tens of rounds) of learning and then to activate recovery measures when necessary. Specifically, we devise a cost-effective NFL detection mechanism, which relies on an estimation of performance gain on clients. Only when NFL is detected, we activate the NFL recovery process, in which each client learns in parallel an adapted model when training the global model. Extensive experiment results confirm the effectiveness of FL-GUARD in detecting NFL and recovering from NFL to a healthy learning state. We also show that FL-GUARD is compatible with previous NFL solutions and robust against clients unwilling/unable to take any recovery measures.
Female-Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse: A Vignette Study Investigating Professionals' Gender-Related Perception Bias and the Influence of an E-Learning Course
Authors: Gerke Jelena , Öttl Patrick , König Elisa , Fegert Jörg M. , Hoffmann Ulrike , Rassenhofer Miriam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe attitude of professionals towards victims’ disclosures of child sexual abuse has a decisive influence on the well-being of the victims. However, both vignette studies as well as victim surveys suggest that professionals’ perception on sexual abuse is influenced, among other factors, by the perpetrators’ gender. The present analysis investigates whether professionals’ perception of sexual abuse is influenced by the perpetrators’ gender, the professionals’ gender as well as their experience and field of profession. Additionally, the effect of an e-learning course was examined. As part of an e-learning course on child sexual abuse, N = 1925 German professionals (social work, educational, medical-therapeutic, legal professionals) were presented with pre- and post-editing vignettes differing in the perpetrators’ gender and the ambiguity of the situation. The professionals had to rate the situations in terms of sexual abusiveness. The findings revealed that the same situation would be more likely classified as abusive when the perpetrator was male, particularly in ambiguous situations. Moreover, work experience, personal experiences with sexual abuse, and awareness of sexual abuse had significant positive relationships with the professionals’ rating of the abusiveness of a situation. An effect of training was identified, with situations being more likely rated as abusive after the course, specifically in cases with female perpetrators. Victims of female-perpetrated sexual abuse are still often disbelieved, and their experiences trivialized because professionals perceive violence by women differently due to gender stereotypes and a lack of knowledge on female-perpetrated violence. This study highlights the important effect of training. Both science and professional practice need to increase knowledge about female-perpetrated child sexual abuse, as it remains a taboo topic.
Predicting dynamics of wildfire regimes in Yunnan, China
Authors: Deng Xiaofan , Li Jiujin , Dai Xiaoqing , Zhao Junfan , Deng Hang , Zhao Fan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the rise in global warming has significantly increased forest fires, affecting the environment and economy. Predicting forest fire dynamics under climate change is now a crucial research field. To address this need, this study focuses on the impact of climate change on forest fires, with a particular focus on the fire dynamics in Yunnan Province. This study utilizes the RegCM regional climate model and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) to simulate and analyze forest fire dynamics in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2033 under three climate scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. Findings indicate climate change will increase temperatures, alter humidity and wind speed, and reduce precipitation in Yunnan, extending the fire danger period, especially under RCP8.5 scenarios. The FWI values rise across Yunnan, particularly in the west under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The study concludes that future carbon emissions correlate with these changes, leading to more frequent, longer, and severe forest fires. This research is vital for managing and preventing forest fires in Yunnan, a region prone to such disasters.
Changes of the composition of the Noctuoidea fauna along a geographical gradient in the northeastern part of the Carpathian Lowland
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Szanyi Kálmán , Nagy Antal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe northeastern part of the Carpathian Lowland is one of the most species-rich parts of the region, despite the long-term and sometimes extreme changes in land use. The fragmented remains of formerly contiguous forests maintain a significant part of the wildlife living in different oak, mixed oak, and gallery forest, and even faunas of connected grassland habitats. To reveal how the parallel Carpathian and Pannonian effects form the local insect fauna, the Noctuoidea assemblages of eight forest patches were assessed and compared, based on the distribution data of 479 species. Three types of assemblages were designated, with similar diversity but different compositions. The most unique and valuable ones can be found in the colline area of Transcarpathia, where the high habitat diversity supported by the topography promotes the coexistence of the species of humid forest fauna and many steppic and southern elements. The protection and planned management of these remained forest patches and their network in international cooperation can maintain a significant part of the fauna of the affected regions.
Exploring the influence of transportation on urban spatial structure using the spatial Durbin model: evidence from 265 prefecture-level cities in China
Authors: Tung Chih-Lin , He Sanwei , Mei Ling , Zhang Huiyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe interactive relation between transportation and urban spatial structure remains a significant yet challenging issue in transport engineering and urban planning. Most previous studies indicate that the coordination of transportation and urban structure is conducive to solve urban diseases and promote urban sustainable development. Grounded in the theory of city-region spatial structure, this study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban spatial structure from 2006 to 2019 and investigates the impact of transportation on shaping urban spatial structure in prefecture-level cities in China using spatial Durbin model. Major findings include: first, the nighttime light remote sensing data is employed to characterize urban spatial structure with the mono-centricity index ranging from 0.26 to 0.48. The coastal cities tend to exhibit the polycentric structure, while the cities in western region often display the monocentric structure. Second, there is a gradual decline in mono-centricity structure in these cities. Spatial heterogeneity in urban spatial structure is evident in eastern, central, western and northeastern China. Third, transportation significantly and positively influences spatial structure, however, the impact varies across regions and city sizes. Finally, policy implications are proposed based on these findings, such as promoting the integrated land use-transportation development, implementing targeted regional policies, and enhancing land use spatial planning.
Creating a cutting-edge neurocomputing model with high precision
Authors: Abed Salman Mahdi , Al-Janabi Samaher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe prediction of oil prices has a significant impact on the economies of countries, particularly in oil-rich nations like Iraq, and affects the labor market. Prediction techniques are vital tools for extracting knowledge from complex databases, such as oil prices. This study aims to develop a prediction model that accurately determines oil prices based on seven fundamental characteristics, including Date, WTI, GOLD, SP 500, US DOLLAR INDEX, US 10YR BOND, and DJU. The proposed model utilizes advanced neurocomputing techniques that analyze the seven features over a ten-year period. The model comprises three main stages: preprocessing, determining feature importance through computing correlation, entropy, and information gain, and splitting the dataset into training and testing. The first part of the dataset builds the predictor called Hybrid Model to Oil Price based on Neurocomputing Techniques, while the second part evaluates model using three error measures: R2, MSE, and MAE. The model proves its ability to provide accurate predictions with low error rates. Multivariate analysis shows that WTI, GOLD, and US DOLLAR INDEX have a more significant impact on oil prices, with information gain values of WTI = 11.272, GOLD = 11.227, and DJU = 11.614. The Gate Recurrent Unit neurocomputing technique demonstrates its ability to handle datasets with features that behave differently over multiple years and provides accurate predictions with low errors in a short time, withR2 = 0.945, MSE = 0.0505, and MAE = 0.1948. This study provides valuable insights into the prediction of oil prices and highlights the efficacy of advanced neurocomputing techniques for extracting knowledge from complex databases.
Bayesian state-space synthetic control method for deforestation baseline estimation for forest carbon credits
Authors: Takahata Keisuke , Suetsugu Hiroshi , Fukaya Keiichi , Shirota Shinichiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Carbon credits from the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) projects have been criticized for issuing junk carbon credits due to invalid ex-ante baselines. Recently, the concept of ex-post baseline has been discussed to overcome the criticism, while ex-ante baseline is still necessary for project financing and risk assessment. To address this issue, we propose a Bayesian state-space model that integrates ex-ante baseline projection and ex-post dynamic baseline updating in a unified manner. Our approach provides a tool for appropriate risk assessment and performance evaluation of REDD+ projects. We apply the proposed model to a REDD+ project in Brazil and show that it may have had a small, positive effect but has been overcredited. We also demonstrate that the 90% predictive interval of the ex-ante baseline includes the ex-post baseline, implying that our ex-ante estimation can work effectively.
Additions to the genus Cliostomum (Ramalinaceae) from Australia
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeven species of Cliostomum Fr. recorded from Australia are treated. These include the widespread C. griffithii (Sm.) Coppins, the austral C. praepallidum (Müll. Arg.) Kantvilas & Fryday and the Tasmanian endemic C. vezdae Kantvilas, a reinstated name previously subsumed under C. flavidulum Hafellner & Kalb. Three species are described as new: C. latisporum Kantvilas, a corticolous species containing atranorin and gangaleoidin from coastal Tasmania and New South Wales, characterized by pale pink, soon immarginate apothecia, 0.3–0.9 mm wide, non-capitate, unpigmented paraphyses, and relatively wide, 1(–3)-septate ascospores, 9–15 × 4–6 μm; C. litorale Kantvilas, a saxicolous species containing atranorin and confluentic acid, recorded only from Tasmania, with relatively large, usually pale pinkish apothecia, 0.6–1.5 mm wide, non-capitate paraphyses, and 1(–2)-septate ascospores, 9–13 × 4−6 μm; and C. saxatile Kantvilas, a saxicolous species containing atranorin and lecanoric acid, also known only from Tasmania, with dark brown to black apothecia, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, pigmented with Laurocerasi-brown, capitate paraphyses, and 1-septate ascospores, 7–14 × 3–5 μm. The widespread, coastal Australasian species Tylothallia verrucosa (Müll. Arg.) Kantvilas is transferred to Cliostomum, with the additional synonym Catillaria brisbanensis Räsänen. Megalaria variegata (Müll. Arg.) D. J. Galloway, based on a New Zealand type, is a further synonym of Cliostomum griffithii. All species are illustrated and described on the basis of Australian and Tasmanian specimens.
Preparing future doctors for evidence-based practice: a study on health technology assessment awareness and its predictors in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Nur Farhana , Mansor Zawiah , Mahmud Aidalina , Mohamed Ghazali Izzuna Mudla , Sarimin Roza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the level of awareness of health technology assessment (HTA) and its predictors among clinical year medical students in public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using the stratified random sampling method was conducted among clinical year medical students in four public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data on the level of awareness of HTA and its associated factors were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 27 to determine the level of awareness of HTA and its predictors.

Results
Majority (69 percent) of participants had a low level of awareness of HTA. The predictors of high-level awareness of HTA were attitude toward HTA (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.417, 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 3.491, 15.758), peer interaction on HTA (AOR = 0.320, 95 percent CI: 0.115, 0.888), and previous training on HTA (AOR = 4.849, 95 percent CI: 1.096, 21.444).

Conclusions
Most future doctors in public universities exhibit a low awareness of HTA. This study highlights the interplay between attitudes toward HTA, peer interaction, and previous training as influential predictors of HTA awareness. An integrated and comprehensive educational approach is recommended to cultivate a positive attitude and harness the positive aspects of peer interaction while mitigating the potential negative impact of misconceptions. Emphasizing early exposure to HTA concepts through structured programs is crucial for empowering the upcoming generation of healthcare professionals, enabling them to navigate HTA complexities and contribute to evidence-based healthcare practices in Malaysia and beyond.
Enhanced coarticulatory labialization of /ts/ in Argentine Danish
Authors: Heegård Petersen Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an acoustic study of coarticulation of Argentine Danish /ts/ using Centre of Gravity (CoG) as the acoustic measure. It shows that the articulation of /ts/ is affected by the roundedness of the following vowel, and that this is more prevalent among speakers of Argentine Danish than among speakers of Modern Danish as spoken in Denmark. The analysis also shows that within Argentine Danish, the speakers of the isolated settlement Eldorado have a larger effect of roundedness in their articulation of /ts/ than the speakers of the settlements in the Pampas and in Buenos Aires. The results are discussed from the perspective of phonological theory on enhanced coarticulation as a source of sound change and from the perspective of theory of language change in heritage languages.
Integrating equifinality and multifinality into the of prevention programs in early childhood: The conceptual case for use of tiered models
Authors: Shaw Daniel S. , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Morris-Perez Pamela A. , Weaver Krug Chelsea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduced in the context of developmental psychopathology by Cicchetti and Rogosh in the Journal, the current paper incorporates the principles of equifinality and multifinality to support the use of tiered models to prevent the development of emerging child psychopathology and promote school readiness in early childhood. We use the principles of equifinality and multifinality to describe the limitations of applying one intervention model to address all children presenting with different types of risk for early problem behavior. We then describe the potential benefits of applying a tiered model for having impacts at the population level and two initial applications of this approach during early childhood. The first of these tiered models, Smart Beginnings, integrates the use of two evidenced-based preventive interventions, Video Interaction Project, a universal parenting program, and Family Check-Up, a selective parenting program. Building on the strengths of Smart Beginnings, the second trial, The Pittsburgh Study includes Video Interaction Project and Family Check-Up, and other more and less-intensive programs to address the spectrum of challenges facing parents of young children. Findings from these two projects are discussed with their implications for developing tiered models to support children’s early development and mental health.
Using randomized controlled trials to ask questions regarding developmental psychopathology: A tribute to Dante Cicchetti
Authors: Miller Kristen N. , Bourne Stacia V. , Dahl Claire M. , Costello Christopher , Attinelly Jillian , Jennings Kathryn , Dozier Mary 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDante Cicchetti, the architect of developmental psychopathology, has influenced so many of us in profound ways. One of his many contributions was in demonstrating the power of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the effects of Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP). These RCTs have shed light on causal mechanisms in development. Following Cicchetti and colleagues’ work, we designed a brief home visiting program, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), to help parents respond in sensitive, nurturing ways, so as to enhance children’s attachment and self-regulatory capabilities. In the current study, we assessed adolescents’ reports of the closeness of their relationships with their mothers 12 years after their mothers completed the intervention. A total of 142 adolescents participated (47 randomized to ABC, 45 randomized to a control intervention, and 50 from a low-risk comparison group). Adolescents whose mothers had been randomized to ABC reported closer relationships with their mothers than adolescents randomized to the control condition, with significant differences seen on approval, support, companionship, and emotional support subscales. Consistent with Cicchetti et al.’s work, these results provide powerful evidence of the long-term effects of an early parenting intervention.
Principles, policies, and practices: Thoughts on their integration over the rise of the developmental psychopathology perspective and into the future
Authors: Tone Erin B. , Henrich Christopher C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDevelopmental psychopathology has, since the late 20th century, offered an influential integrative framework for conceptualizing psychological health, distress, and dysfunction across the lifespan. Leaders in the field have periodically generated predictions about its future and have proposed ways to increase the macroparadigm’s impact. In this paper, we examine, using articles sampled from each decade of the journal Development and Psychopathology’s existence as a rough guide, the degree to which the themes that earlier predictions have emphasized have come to fruition and the ways in which the field might further capitalize on the strengths of this approach to advance knowledge and practice in psychology. We focus in particular on two key themes first, we explore the degree to which researchers have capitalized on the framework’s capacity for principled flexibility to generate novel work that integrates neurobiological and/or social-contextual factors measured at multiple levels and offer ideas for moving this kind of work forward. Second, we discuss how extensively articles have emphasized implications for intervention or prevention and how the field might amplify the voice of developmental psychopathology in applied settings.
Parenting in a post-conflict region: Associations between observed maternal parenting practices and maternal, child, and contextual factors in northern Uganda
Authors: Möllerherm Julia , Saile Regina , Wieling Elizabeth , Neuner Frank , Catani Claudia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Studies show that war leads to an increase in harsh parenting and a decrease in parental warmth, which in turn has a devastating impact on children’s development. However, there is insufficient research on the factors that affect parenting in post-conflict regions. In addition, most previous studies on the role of parenting in the context of war rely on self-reports, which are subject to a number of limitations. To complement existing research, the present cross-sectional study used behavioral observations of 101 mothers and their 6–12 year old children to assess parenting in post-conflict northern Uganda. The aim of the current study was to explore associations between observed maternal warmth and coercion and self-reported socioeconomic status (e.g., mother’s educational level) as well as maternal (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder), child (e.g., externalizing problems), and social contextual factors (e.g., family violence). Results show a link between observed parenting, child characteristics, and family violence. Higher levels of children’s externalizing problems were associated with more severe maternal coercion. In addition, a negative association was found between family violence and maternal warmth. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for prevention and intervention programs and the use of behavioral observations in post-conflict environments.
Hot and cool executive function in the development of behavioral problems in grade school
Authors: Wang Yiji , Ji Huayu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite the well-established link between children’s executive function and behavioral adjustment, it remains unclear whether the hot and cool aspects of executive function are uniquely associated with children’s behavioral problems. Using longitudinal data spanning in the grade school (N = 1,140), this study aimed to examine whether hot and cool executive function skills may be uniquely related to the development of behavioral problems. Hot and cool executive function skills were measured with tasks, standardized tests, and questionnaires at 54 months and in the first grade, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problems were evaluated by teachers using questionnaires throughout the grade school. The results indicated that, independent of each other, hot and cool executive function skills were uniquely and negatively related to the development of internalizing and externalizing problems over time at the between-individual level, adjusting for within-individual fluctuations. Moreover, internalizing and externalizing problems were positively related at the between-individual level across the grade school. Findings provide needed evidence to clarify the relations between hot and cool executive function and children’s behavioral problems, emphasizing the importance of both aspects of executive function in understanding the development of behavioral problems in school-age children.