bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of incidence and partial characterization of tumor‐associated antigens found in the urine of patients bearing solid tumors
Authors: Rote N. S. , Gupta R. K. , Morton D. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrine samples from patients with solid tumors and from donors without malignant disease were concentrated and tested for the presence of tumor‐associated antigens. In the complement‐fixation assay using serum from a source autologous with the source of the urine, 87.4% of cancer patients were positive, while only 6.9% of control donors were positive. When serum from an allogeneic source was used, 94.7% of cancer patients and 35.1% of control donors were positive. Absorption of a cancer patient's serum with autologous tumor cells removed antibody activity to autologous and allogeneic urine samples. Normal lymphocytes, skin, or muscle‐cell suspensions were ineffective as absorbants. The excretion of antigen into urine is dependent upon the presence of tumor. Surgical removal of tumor resulted in cessation of antigen excretion. The urine remained antigen‐negative as long as the patient remained disease‐free. The antigenic activity was heat‐stable and comprised molecules of > 1,000,000 daltons which could be dissociated into smaller molecular weight active fractions by treatment with 6 m urea.
Induction and specificity of syngeneic antiserum against rauscher murine leukemia virus‐induced leukemia, RBL‐5
Authors: Alaba Olusola , Law L. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasma membranes purified from RBL‐5 leukemia cells and solubilized with Na deoxycholate were fractionated on an Ultrogel AcA34 column. Fractions containing most of the tumor‐rejection activity but low amounts of gp70 and p30 were consolidated and used to hyperimmunize semisyngeneic, CBF1, hybrid mice. Using the complement‐dependent cytotoxicity assay, we determined the antibody titers against RBL‐5 and several other leukemic cells. Only RBL‐5 and EL‐4 tumor cells were lysed. Similar results were obtained when the same tumor cells were used to absorb the syngeneic antiserum and the residual cytotoxic titer determined on RBL‐5 target cells. Coupling of the gamma‐globulins from this antiserum to Sepharose 4B facilitated the isolation of an antigen which inhibited the C'‐dependent lysis of RBL‐5 tumor cells and, when used for immunization, protected the recipient mice against a subcutaneous challenge of RBL‐5 leukemia cells. By means of discgel electrophoresis, in the presence of SDS and 2‐mer‐captoethanol, two polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 46,000 and 21,000 were resolved. The binding of the antigen to a lens culinaris lentil lectin column and its subsequent elution with α‐methyl mannoside suggests that the specific tumor antigen is a glycoprotein.
Macrophage accumulation in primary and transplanted tumors growing in C5‐deficient B10.D2/oSn mice
Authors: Evans Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hypothesis was tested that the fifth component of complement (C5) was required for the accumulation of macrophages at the site of tumor growth. This was based on the assumption that the cleavage product of C5, C5a, attracts peripheral blood monocytes along a chemotactic gradient. Methylcholanthrene‐induced primary and transplanted tumors were grown in the genetically C5‐deficient B10.D2/oSn strain and the C5‐positive B10.D2/nSn strain and their macrophage content assessed after enzymic disaggregation of the tumors. The overall data indicated that there were no significant differences in the two strains since macrophages accumulated in the tumors irrespective of the presence of C5 or its cleavage product C5a.
Observations on the EB virus envelope and virus‐determined membrane antigen (MA) polypeptides
Authors: North J. R. , Morgan A. J. , Epstein M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments have been carried out to identify the polypeptide components of the Epstein‐Barr (EB) virusdetermined membrane antigen (MA) complex. Cells were radioiodinated using lactoperoxidase and the 125Ilabelled surface antigens, released by Triton X100, were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) after complexing either with human sera having anti‐MA activity or with a rabbit antiserum to EB virus. Using cells carrying EB virus isolated from four different conditions, including for the first time nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we have demonstrated four major polypeptides. One, with a molecular weight of 85,000, was remarkably constant irrespective of the cell line from which it came; two, with molecular weights varying from 240,000 to 270,000 and from 320,000 to 340,000, showed minor differences in mobility apparently depending on the species of origin of the cells (human or marmoset), rather than disparity between strains of virus. A fourth component, of 160,000 daltons, was found on only two of the cell lines studied. In addition, it has been shown for the first time that the same polypeptides composing the MA complex are present on the viral envelope itself. The fact that the rabbit antiserum to EB virus recognized only the two highest molecular weight MA components, yet showed virus‐neutralizing activity, indicates the importance of these two polypeptides for use in a vaccine designed to induce virus‐neutralizing antibodies.
The influence of the lipid composition of the feed given to mice on the immunocompetence and tumour resistance of the progeny
Authors: Boeryd Bernt , Hallgren Bo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn inbred CBA mice, the immunocompetence of adult progeny from breeding pairs fed three different diets was compared. Substitution of soy oil for animal fat in the feed of the mice during gestation or lactation significantly decreased the PFC response to SRBC in the adult offspring. Addition of 2‐methoxy‐substituted glycerol ethers to the feed of mothers deprived of animal fat during lactation partly restored the PFC response of the male offspring. In the adult mice fed differently pre‐and perinatally the resistance to a transplanted syngeneic sarcoma was similar. The growth of offspring from mice fed the three diets was similar. In mice deprived of animal fat at weaning and for the following 21 days the immune reactivity to SRBC, tested about 3 months after stopping the diet, was not influenced. However, the resistance to a transplanted tumour in similarly fed mice was increased and this resistance was brought approximately to the control level by methoxy‐substituted glycerol ethers.
Identification of luteinizing hormone‐releasing factor and alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones in ductal carcinoma of the mammary gland
Authors: Seppälä Markku , Wahlström Torsten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunoperoxidase technique was used to identify luteinizing hormone‐releasing factor (LRF) and the alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones in ductal carcinoma of the mammary gland. Eleven tumors were studied, using antisera against LRF and alpha subunit, and against the beta subunits of hCG, LH, FSH and TSH. Six of the tumors were both LRF‐ and alpha‐positive and three were negative. One tumour was LRF‐positive/alpha‐negative, and one was LRF‐negative/alpha‐positive. None of the anti‐beta subunit antisera gave positive staining, and normal breast tissue as well as chronic cystic mastopathy (five cases) were negative with all antisera tested. The results with the anti‐alpha and anti‐beta subunit antisera suggest that the material stained is free alpha subunit rather than any of the native glycoprotein hormones which share the common alpha subunit.
A comparative study of eight cell lines derived from human testicular teratocarcinoma
Authors: Andrews P. W. , Bronson D. L. , Benham F. , Strickland S. , Knowles B. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight independent cell lines, derived from human testicular germ‐cell tumors, were examined for the expression of various markers. These included major histocompatibility and embryonic antigens, chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, plasminogen activator, and infectivity by SV40. No line consisted primarily of choriocarcinoma or yolk sac cells, but several contained cells resembling murine embryonal carcinoma; some of these lines formed tumors with the distinctive features of embryonal carcinoma when injected into immunosuppressed animals. It is proposed that human embryonal carcinoma cells, unlike those of the mouse, correspond to a preblastocyst stage of development.
Re‐evaluation of a transforming strain of epstein‐barr virus from the burkitt lymphoma cell line, Jijoye
Authors: Sairenji Takeshi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biological properties of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) from a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Jijoye, were examined. The synthesis of virus capsid antigen (VGA) and early antigen (EA) in Jijoye cells was markedly enhanced by shift‐down of the temperature of incubation from 37°C to 33°C. Cultures of Jijoye cells at 33°C released a large amount of transforming EBV (105.2 of 50% transforming doses/ml) into the culture fluid. However, no infectious virus was produced in all cultures at 37°C during the course of this study. The EBV (Jijoye EBV) from Jijoye line was found to possess only transforming activity, but not EA‐inducing activity. Jijoye EBV lacks adsorbing capacity to Jijoye cells, in contrast to P3HR‐l EBV which can adsorb to Jijoye cells. The Jijoye cells were highly susceptible to superinfection with P3HR‐l EBV as demonstrated by the induction of EA, VGA and infectious EBV. The EBV induced by the P3HR‐I EBV superinfection of Jijoye cells has also transforming activity but neither EA‐inducing activity nor adsorbing capacity to Jijoye cells.
Enhancement of Carcinogenesis in Cultured Respiratory Tract Epithelium by 12‐O‐Tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐Acetate
Authors: Steele Vernon E. , Marchok Ann C. , Nettesheim Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe enhancement of chemical carcinogenesis was demonstrated in vitro in rat tracheal epithelium exposed in organ culture to N′‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitroso‐guanidine (MNNG) followed by multiple exposures to 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). The explants were exposed to 0 or 0.0001 μg MNNG per ml for 6 h on days 3 and 6 of culture, and then to 0 or 1.0 μg TPA per ml for l h on days 9, 15, 21, and 27 of culture. Primary cell cultures were then established from epithelial outgrowths of these explants. Morphologically altered cells were seen in the primary cell cultures derived from MNNG + TPA‐exposed explants on an average of 130 days after MNNG exposure. In primary cultures derived from explants exposed to either TPA or MNNG alone, morphologically altered cells were seen at 190 days and 210 days, respectively. No morphologically altered cells were seen in solvent control primary cell cultures. Only cultures containing morphologically altered cells could be repeatedly subcultured. Cell lines established from these cultures were inoculated i.m. into immunosuppressed isogeneic hosts at 150, 200, 250, 310, and 365 days following carcinogen exposure. All five explants exposed to both MNNG and TPA produced at least one cell line which formed carcinomas when inoculated 365 days following exposure, while only two of the five explants produced tumorigenic cell lines in the MNNG‐only group. Cell lines from explants exposed to both MNNG and TPA were tumorigenic an average of 90 days earlier than cell lines from explants exposed to MNNG alone. None of the cell lines obtained from the explants exposed only to TPA were tumorigenic. These studies show that, following carcinogen exposure, TPA can enhance the oncogenesis of cultured respiratory tract epithelium in terms of increasing the frequency of transformation and decreasing the time at which transformation could first be observed.
Detection of natural killer cells in Japanese quails
Authors: Yamada Akio , Hayami Masanori , Yamanouchi Kazuya , Fujiwara Kosaku 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells of normal quails exhibited cytotoxicity on normal embryo cells as well as on virus‐ and chemically transformed cells. Spleen cells responsible for the destruction of target cells were shown to be non‐adherent lymphoid cells which lack surface immunoglobulin and are resistant to the treatment with anti‐thymocyte serum and complement. Spleen cells of quails which were injected with chicken amniotic fluid (ChAmF) showed no cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, the addition of ChAmF‐treated spleen cells abolished the cytotoxic activity of untreated spleen cells. These results indicated the presence of a spleen‐cell population in normal quails compatible with mammalian natural killer (NK) cells and the induction of suppressor cells directed to the NK cells by administration of ChAmF.
Interferon and spontaneous cytotoxicity in man. V. Enhancement of spontaneous cytotoxicity in patients receiving human leukocyte interferon
Authors: Einhorn Stefan , Blomgren Henric , Strander Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of daily injections of 3 × 106 units of human leukocyte IF on the spontaneous cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes was studied in 43 patients with a variety of diseases. An increase in spontaneous cytotoxicity was observed 12 to 24 h after the first IF injection with the peak of activity occurring, in most cases, at 24 h. In some patients a decrease in spontaneous cytotoxicity, observed 6 h after the injection, preceded this increase. The increment in spontaneous cytotoxicity was not significantly correlated to preinjection level of cytotoxicity, disease, age, sex, previous therapy, leukocyte counts or proportions of lymphocytes and monocytes. A second injection of IF maintained the spontaneous cytotoxicity at an increased level and during prolonged IF therapy, up to 9 months, the cytotoxicity remained elevated. IF treatment in vitro caused an enhancement of spontaneous cytotoxicity in lymphocytes drawn prior to IF injection. This IF‐induced increase in cytotoxicity in vitro was correlated to the increase in cytototoxicity induced by IF in vivo. Six hours after the first IF injection the ability of IF in vitro to enhance spontaneous cytotoxicity was decreased and during prolonged therapy the ability of IF in vitro to enhance spontaneous cytotoxicity remained decreased.
Estrogen receptor level and other factors in early recurrence of breast cancer
Authors: Westerberg H. , Gustafson S. A. , Nordenskjöld B. , Silfverswärd C. , Wallgren A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt the time of treatment in 1977 for primary breast cancer of all stages, the tumors of 270 women were examined for estrogen‐receptor (ER) content by iso‐electric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. The procedures for the initial and follow‐up examinations were standardized. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy was given to pre‐ and postmenopausal women aged up to 70 years with nodal involvement. Adjuvant tamoxifen treatment (20 mg twice daily for 2 years) was given to one‐half of the postmenopausal patients aged 70 years or less, selected at random, and irrespective of any other adjuvant therapy. These forms of treatment appeared not to introduce bias into the results of the study. There was no correlation between the ER content and tumor spread. Symptom‐free survival during the follow‐up period was best for the patients with tumors with a high ER content, poorer for the patients with tumors of intermediate ER content and least favorable for patients with tumors having low ER content. (Ranges for high, intermediate and low levels: 2.18‐9.08, 0.13‐2.17 and 0‐0.12 fmoles/μg DNA). The differences between the survival curves were significant. For the 120 operable patients with nodal involvement there were also significant differences in recurrence‐free survival. The premenopausal patients in this group likewise showed a significant difference in survival with respect to ER content. For the operable patients with nodal involvement and poorly differentiated tumors there was also a difference in the survival rate depending on the ER content. In this study the ER content of breast cancer was shown to be a quantitative rather than a qualitative entity. The study confirms the independent prognostic importance of the ER content and points to its potential value as a stratification criterion in adjuvant therapy trials.
Polycyclic hydrocarbon activation and metabolism in epithelial cell aggregates prepared from human mammary tissue
Authors: Grover P. L. , MacNicoll A. D. , Sims P. , Easty G. C. , Neville A. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe metabolism of benz(a)anthracene (BA), 7,12‐di‐methylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) by human mammary epithelial cell aggregates in culture has been investigated using non‐neoplastic tissues obtained from eight patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. All three hydrocarbons were metabolized to water‐soluble and organic solvent‐soluble products and the latter included both K‐region and non‐K‐region dihydrodiols. The major dihydrodiols detected as metabolites of the parent hydrocarbons were the 8,9‐dihydrodiols of BA and DMBA and the 9,10‐dihydrodiol of BP. The 1,2‐dihydrodiols of BA and DMBA and the 11,12‐dihydrodiol of BP were not detected. The hydrocarbons also became bound to the proteins and DNA of the epithelial cells but there were wide differences in the extents of binding occurring with the different hydrocarbons and in the extents of metabolism and binding occurring with tissue preparations from different patients. Some of the hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside adducts formed from DMBA and BP appeared to have arisen through reactions of »bay‐region« diol‐epoxides with DNA, but only very low levels of reaction with DNA, but only very low levels of reaction with DNA were detected in tissue preparations treated with BA.
The effect of the tumour promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) on uv‐and MNNG‐induced sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells
Authors: Gentil A. , Renault G. , Margot A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) by the tumour promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) has been studied in V79 Chinese hamster cells comparing control untreated cells with either UV‐irradiated or MNNG‐treated cells. In untreated cells TPA induced SCE at a very low concentration. An increase of approximately 50% over the level of spontaneous SCE formation was observed. In UV‐irradiated cells, TPA, when present after the UV‐irradiation, significantly enhanced UV‐induced SCE formation, more SCE being induced than the expected sum of SCE formed by the separate treatments. TPA also enhanced MNNG‐induced SCE but only when it was present for 28 h before, and not after, the MNNG‐treatment. The protease inhibitor antipain fully inhibited TPA‐induced SCE but did not inhibit UV‐induced SCE. When UV‐irradiated cells were treated with both TPA and antipain the enhanced UV‐induced SCE induction was only partly inhibited by antipain, showing that TPA is responsible for two independent effects, both leading to SCE formation. These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that tumour promotion by TPA may depend on the enhancement of mitotic recombination leading to the segregation of a mutational event.
General report on the second international workshop on chromosomes in leukemia
Authors: Rowley J. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Workshop participants were able to establish that the t(8;21) and t(15;17) are each definitely associated with a particular type of ANLL, namely, AML‐M2 and APL‐M3 and M3 variant, respectively. Both translocations, particularly the t(15;17), have an uneven geographical distribution which cannot presently be explained. The data also show that patients with preleukemia and an abnormal karyotype have a very poor prognosis with a fatal outcome in 60%, compared with only 30% for patients with a normal karyotype.
Lymphocyte transformation in patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Carney Desmond N. , Bunn Paul A. , Schechter Geraldine P. , Gazdar Adi F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma were tested after stimulation with a variety of mitogens, including phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), staphylococcal protein A (SPA), and lymphocyte‐conditioned medium (LyCM). Responses were measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and by flow microfluorometry (FMF). In general, responses were depressed, although a broad range of responses were observed ranging from very poor to near normal responses. SPA and PWM were the most potent mitogens in the CTCL patients, unlike controls in whom PHA and SPA were the optimum mitogens and PWM was weakly mitogenic. FMF studies in two patients clearly demonstrated that aneuploid Sezary cells and not admixed normal lymphocytes were proliferating in response to SPA and PWM stimulation. The unusual pattern of mitogen responses found in these CTCL patients suggests Sezary cells may be derived from T‐cell subpopulations with special affinity for SPA and PWM. The ability of FMF to demonstrate that aneuploid cells respond to mitogen stimulation makes it a useful additional technique in the evaluation of lymphocyte blastogenesis in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders.
Two siblings with acute T‐cell lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Weber W. , Müller Hj. , Moroni C. , von Fliedner V. , Sartorius J. A. , Speck B. , Obrecht J. P. , Jeannet M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe only two children of clinically healthy parents both developed an acute lymphocytic leukemia of the T‐cell type, one with a mediastinal mass, one without. Extensive laboratory studies revealed a combination of the following unusual circumstances. (I) The injection of leukemic bone marrow into BALB/c‐nu/numice led to an explosive simultaneous development of disseminated lymphomatous tumors with murine karyotype. (2) HLA typing and MLC testing of all four family members revealed sharing of HLA‐A,D and DRw determinants between the parents and pointed to the appearance of suppressor cell activity with the outbreak of the acute leukemia of one sibling. (3) Parental lymphocytes gave a low response to mitogen stimulation, suggesting a subclinical cellular immune defect. It is proposed that the siblings inherited from each parent a defective immune response factor, possibly related to HLA‐D/DRw antigens, that predisposed to acute T‐cell leukemia. The neoplastic process might have been triggered by a transferable agent.
Clonal regulation of the induction of macrophageand granulocyte‐inducing proteins for normal and leukemic myeloid cells
Authors: Falk Avshalom , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA cloned line of myeloid leukemic cells can be induced by the alkylating agent nitrosoguanidine for two macrophage‐ and granulocyte‐inducing (MGI) activities. One activity, MGI‐1, induced the formation of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from normal myeloblasts. Another activity, MGI‐2, induced differentiation of MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells to macrophages and granulocytes. Experiments on the time course of induction of the two activities have shown that MGI‐1 was induced before MGI‐2. MGI‐1 was first detected in cell extracts and this was followed by detection of both activities in culture supernatants (conditioned medium). After induction with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, another inducer of both MGI activities in this clone, MGI‐1 was also detected before MGI‐2 in cell extracts. The steroid dexamethasone, which is an effective inducer of some differentiation‐associated properties in this clone, did not induce either MGI‐1 or MGI‐2. Studies with different clones of myeloid leukemic cells have shown a clonal variation in the induction of MGI‐1 and MGI‐2. Different clones were induced by nitrosoguanidine either for MGI‐1 and MGI‐2, for MGI‐1 without MGI‐2, or for neither MGI‐1 nor MGI‐2. None of the clones were induced for MGI‐2 without MGI‐1. The results indicate that the induction of MGI‐1 and MGI‐2 is differently regulated in the same clone, and that there is a clonal and thus presumably genetic variation in inducibility for these two activities of MGI.