bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virulence of the Entomogenous Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal and Beauveria bassiana (Ballsamo) Vuillemin to Adoryphorus couloni (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: RATH A. C. , WORLEDGE D. , ANDERSON G. C. , CARR C. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTTwo isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and one isolate each of M. flavoviride and Beauveria bassiana, originally isolated from the redheaded pasture cockchafer, Adoryphorus couloni, were bioassayed for their virulence against both L3 larvae and adults. Only M. anisopliae DAT F‐001 was highly virulent to both larvae and adults. At a concentration of 2 × 106 spores/g sand‐peat, the LT50 for larvae at 20°C was 24.5 d. M. flavoviride was not pathogenic to larvae but was pathogenic to adults at all three concentrations tested (2 × 104 2 × 105, 2 × 106 spores/g sand‐peat mix). B. bassiana was not pathogenic to either larvae or adults, but this isolate, M. flavoviride and M. anisopliae DAT F‐001 reduced the number of eggs produced by 50‐75% at the 105 and 106 concentrations. Germination studies on the isolates showed that M. anisopliae DAT F‐001 and M. flavoviride could germinate at temperatures relevant to field conditions (5‐15 °C).
A new species of Dinychus Kramer from Tasmania (Acarina: Dinychidae)
Authors: BLOSZYK J. , HALLIDAY R. B. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Dinychus greensladeae sp.n. (Acarina: Dinychidae) is described from specimens collected in Tasmanian forests. the new species is similar to D. perforatus Kramer and D. carinatus Berlese, but differs from them in several morphological features, especially the very long anterior process on the epigynial shield of the female. This is the first record of Dinychidae Berlese and Dinychus Kramer from the southern hemisphere.
Mass Rearing of Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Butternut Gramma
Authors: ELDER R. J. , SMITH D. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTOriental scale, Aonidiellaorientalis, was successfully reared in the laboratory on butternut grammafor at least 30 generations. Males took 19.5 ± 2.7 d (mean ± SD) from the crawler stage to adult. Females took 44.2 ± 2.4 d from the crewler stage to production of the first crewler of the subsequent generation. the scale colony is primarily used to produce parasitoids for limited release to the papaw industry.
Comparison of Two Types of Traps and Lure Dispensers for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: WIJESURIYA S. R. , DE LIMA C. P. F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTTwo types of traps were compared for a period of 8 weeks in a citrus orchard to decide on the most suitable to use in a surveillance program for the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). the results showed that the Lynfield “pot” trap was significantly more efficient than the Jackson “sticky” trap, cheaper to construct, easier to maintain, and better suited to the monitoring program. Magnet® TML 70‐0 solid controlled release dispensers were compared over a period of 15 weeks in citrus orchards with standard Capilure cotton wicks. While both attracted equal numbers of C. capitata, Magnet® TML 70‐0 dispensers at 10 times the cost øf capilure wicks were not economical in large‐scale trapping programs.
Pollen Mite, Melittiphis alvearius (Berlese) (Acarina: Laelapidae) Newly Recorded from Beehives in Australia
Authors: KNIHINICKI DANUTA K. , HALLIDAY R. B. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTpollen mite, Melilriphisulvearius, also known as the bee mite, is reported from Australia for the first time. It was previously bnown from continental Europe, Russia, Great Britain, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America and Chile. A survey of mites in honey bee (Apis me//!fera L.) colonies in three apiaries in New South Wales showed that M. alvearius was locally abundant. This mite species is not parasitic 011 honey bee,. No parasitic bee mites, Varroa spp., were found in any of the beehives examined.
Thelytoky in Taeniogonalos venatoria Riek (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with Notes on its Distribution and First Description of Males
Authors: WEINSTEIN P. , AUSTIN A. D. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe Trigonalyidae, which have previously been thought to reproduce arrhenotokously like most parasitic Hymenoptera, are added to the list of families from which thelytoky (true parthenogenesis) is recorded. This has been inferred for Taeniogonalos venatoria Riek on the basis of a male:female sex ratio in the field ranging from about 1:250 to 0:1500. The rare male of this species is described for the first time, and the known distribution of the species extended to include South Australia. The host range of T. venatoria, which parasitises widely dispersing pergid sawfly larvae, is proposed as a possible reason for its thelytokous mode of reproduction.
Evaluation of a Laboratory Bioassay for Determining Resistance Levels to Sorghum Midge Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Grain Sorghum
Authors: FRANZMANN B. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe level of resistance to the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola, in a range of grain sorghum hybrids was assessed: in the laboratory, by measuring oviposition (eggs/spikelet and % spikelets infested); in the glasshouse, by measuring oviposition and seed set; and in the field, by measuring panicle weight loss per ovipositing female per day. The levels of oviposition and seed set determined in the laboratory and glasshouse trials were significantly correlated with the field parameter. Number of eggs per spikelet was the laboratory parameter most highly correlated with the field result (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). Studies on the rate of oviposition under the conditions of the bioassay confirmed 6 h as an appropriate interval to expose panicles to midges. A laboratory method based on estimating the number of eggs produced by 5 midge females on 50 flowering spikelets in 6 h at 25°C and 75%orh is suggested as a practical method of testing for level of resistance in those sorghum hybrids showing ovipositional antixenosis.
Natural Incidence of Lagenidium giganteum Couch (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) Infecting the Biting Midge Culicoides molestus (Skuse) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: WRIGHT P. J. , EASTON C. S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Culicoides molestus larvae inhabiting canal estate beaches in the Tweed Valley, New South Wales, were infected by the fungus Lagenidium giganteum during 1994. This is the first record of a pathogen infecting C. molestus. The monthly average infection at four sites ranged from 33% to 1.2%. At one site, Endless Summer, epizootics were recorded in August and November with 100% and 62% infection, respectively. with the water adjacent to the canal beach having a salinity of over 30 ppt NaC1.
Two New Species of Homotrixa Villeneuve (Diptera: Tachinidae: Ormiini) from Southwestern Australia, With Data on Biology and Ecology
Authors: BARRACLOUGH DAVID A. , ALLEN GEOFF R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA synopsis of Old World ormiine systematics and biology is given. Homotrixa Villeneuve is differentiated from all four other Old World genera of Ormiini. The generic identity of Homotrixa is discussed. Both sexes of two new species of Homotrixa from southwestern Australia are described, keyed and figured, namely Homotrixa alleni Barraclough sp.n. and H. hirsuta Barraclough sp.n. The puparium of H. alleni is also described. These are the first species of Homotrixa to be described from Australasia; the genus is otherwise known only from the type locality of the type species in Taiwan. Further species of Homotrixa from northern Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory remain undescribed. The genus appears not to occur south of 36 °s in Australia. Recorded hosts of H. alleni include three species of Tettigoniidae: Sciarasaga quadrata Rentz, Mygalopsis pauperculus (Walker) and Pachysaga croceopteryx Rentz.
Laboratory‐Based, Insecticide Efficacy Studies on Field‐Collected Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Implications for its Management in Australia
Authors: HERRON GRANT A. , ROPHAIL JEANETTE , GULLICK GRAEME C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTTwo field collected strains of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, were tested against proprietary and experimental formulations of insecticide. Thrips were tested using a novel method whereby thrips were confined in testing units throughout all stages of the bioassay procedure. The bioassay technique proved to be quick and robust. Of the chemicals tested, the two non‐registered compounds chlorfenopyr and fipronil were most active against field‐collected F. occidentalis. The field‐collected strains were tolerant to a range of organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid chemicals. Comparisons of dose‐response curves with established field‐use‐rates indicate that only methiocarb and methamidophos are likely to be completely effective in the field. The theoretical implications of the data for management of F. occidentalis in Australia is discussed.
Life History Comparisons of Ground‐ and Canopy‐Nesting Populations of Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich‐Schaffer (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae): Evidence for Two Species?
Authors: FLOATER GRAHAM J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTPopulations of Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich‐Schaffer display different larval behaviours (ground‐nesting and canopy‐nesting), suggesting the existence of two or more species. Here, the behaviour and biology of ground‐nesting populations are described from extensive surveys in southeastern Queensland. Females oviposit at the base of the host tree, covering the eggs with scales from the anal tuft. The larvae are processionary and pass through eight instars. First instars do not feed, remaining at the base of the tree trunk within the scale mass. Second instars ascend the tree in single file in the morning to feed in the canopy each day, returning to the scale mass after several hours. Later instars feed only at night. Six new host plants are recorded: five species of Acacia, and one species of Casuarina. Predators and parasitoids recorded on 0. lunifer included chalcidoids, dermestids, tachinids and a predatory pyrrhocorid bug. The results of the study highlight a number of major differences between ground‐nesting and canopy‐nesting populations. Differences include habitat and geographical distribution; host plant range; number of instars; size and colour of final instar; size of adult female; oviposition site and larval behaviour. These differences provide further evidence for the existence of two species.
Effects of Petroleum Spray Oils without and with Copper Fungicides on the Control of Citrus Leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: RAE D. J. , BEATTIE G. A. C. , WATSON D. M. , LIU Z. M. , JIANG L. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe efficacies of C23 and C24 petroleum spray oils for the control of citrus leafminer were determined. Both oils significantly suppressed leafminer infestations to similar levels. Combining the C23 oil with either cupric hydroxide or copper oxychloride did not reduce its efficacy against the leafminer. The ability to mix these copper fungicides with petroleum spray oils will allow spray application costs to be reduced.
Culicoides paragarciai, A New Ornatus Group Species from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: DYCE ALAN L. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe description of Culicoides paragarciai sp.n. from New Guinea is based on three female specimens, one of which was originally misidentified as C. purus Lee and Reye. The new species belongs in the Ornatus Group and is morphologically very similar to C. garciai Wirth and Hubert that was observed feeding on mud‐skipper fish on the Malay Peninsula. Comparative numerical data and illustrations are presented as a basis for the differentiation of C. paragarciai, C. garciai and C. purus and the possibility is discussed that C. paragarciai may also feed on mud‐skippers that are abundant in mangrove habitats of New Guinea and the Australian tropics.
Development of Trichogramma australicurn Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Eggs (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: DAHLAN A. N. , GORDH GORDON 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Trichograrnma australicum were reared on eggs of Helicoverpa arrnigera. Immature T. australicurn were studied with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a light microscope. Development of egg, larva, prepupa and pupa required about 24‐26, 24‐26, 42‐47 and 84‐92 h, respectively, at 28°, 45% RH and 12L:12D photoperiod. The eggs of T. australicurn increased significantly in size during incubation. The larval mandibles were gradually revealed as the larva increased in size. Exuviae were not found during the larval stage, and we conclude that T. australicurn has one larval instar. Staining larvae and pre‐pupae with 1% aniline blue dissolved in Neisenheimer's solution induced fluorescence. Stained larvae and pre‐pupae gave a clear image of anatomy when observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Urate bodies appeared at the onset of the prepupal stage. The vitelline membrane of host egg gradually blackened. Legs, wings, antennae, body segmentation, genitalia, colour of compound eyes and ocelli became distinct during the prepupal stage. Larval integument and mandibles were shed at the onset of pupation. The adult wasps emerged 182.40 ± 0.40 h (n = 10) after oviposition, 2.80 ± 0.25 (n = 10) wasps emerged from a host egg, and the sex ratio was 1 ♀: 3 ♂♂.
Morphometrics of field populations of Austracris guttulosa (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Australia
Authors: ELDER R. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTField collections of the cyrtacanthacrid locust Austracris guttulosu were made over 5 years in Queensland. Morphometric measurements of elytron length (E), femur length (F) and head capsule width (C) and their ratios E/F and F/C indicated that the species did not exhibit phase polymorphism.
The Native Dialectica aemula (Meyrick) and the Introduced Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Australia: Characterisation of Two Closely Related Species on Boraginaceae
Authors: KUMATA TOSIO , HORAK MARIANNE 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTTwo gracillariid leaf miners of the genus Dialectica Walsingham are present in Australia on plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae, one a native species here identified as Dialectica aemula (Meyrick) which was originally described from India, and the Palaearctic Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) or Echium leaf miner, deliberately introduced as a biological control agent for Echium plantagineum L. or Paterson's Curse. Differential diagnoses are given for the two species, and they are comprehensively illustrated to enable identification. In contrast to the externally indistinguishable adults, the cocoons of the two species differ significantly in shape and colour and a colour plate allows easy identification.
Life History of Chauliognathus lugubris (F.) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) in Tasmanian Forests
Authors: SHOHET D. , CLARKE A. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAspects of the life history of Chauliognathus lugubris, a predator of eggs and early stage larvae of the Eucalyptus leafbeetle, Chrysophtharta bimaculata, were studied in southern Tasmania. In the laboratory (ambient temperature 15‐25°and artificial diet), the egg to adult period was about 10 months with seven larval stages. Advanced larvae (5th‐7th instar) were collected in the field from soil litter during mid‐winter. Adults were most common in the spring and early summer. with regular field collections suggesting adult longevity of 2‐3 months. Based on the pattern of ovarian development of field‐caught adults, in combination with the long larval development times, it appeared that C. lugubris has only one generation a year.
Australian Distribution of 17 Species of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) Caught in Cue Lure Traps in February 1994
Authors: OSBORNE R. , MEATS A. , FROMMER M. , SVED J. A. , DREW R. A. I. , ROBSON M. K. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTWe report the first widespread survey of tephritid fruit flies attempted in a single time period. 1,471 cue lure traps caught 17 species, and extensions to previously recorded geographical ranges were detected for seven of them: Bactrocera tryoni, B. neohumeralis, B. frauenfeldi, B. aeroginosa, Dacus absonifascies, D. aequalis and D. newmani. the traps also unexpectedly caught several B. cacuminata and also both males and females of Dirioxa pornia and Ceratitis capitata. the geographical variation in the relative abundance of B. tryoni and B. neohumeralis in the region of their co‐occurrence was in substantial agreement with earlier estimates. the regional variation in abundance of B. tryoni in the eastern states was in accordance with the predictions of a published bioclimatic model. Furthermore, the spread of this species (expected from the model) to several locations in the Northern Territory is recorded here for the first time.
A New Design and some Preliminary Results for a Flight Intercept Trap to Sample Forest Canopy Arthropods
Authors: HILL C. J. , CERMAK M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTWith increasing interest in describing the arthropod fauna of rainforest canopies, there is also a need for different trapping techniques which, in combination, will allow a greater proportion of the fauna to be sampled. We describe the design of a flight intercept trap which can be suspended in the rainforest canopy for long periods of time. the flying invertebrate fauna was sampled over 5 months at differing heights in rainforest of northern Queensland using this trap. Invertebrate abundance and higher taxon richness was greatest at the ground level compared to 5 and 10 m above the ground. Similar results were obtained for dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) which were sorted to species. These results contrast with those of other studies using light traps for which insect diversity and abundance was greatest in the rainforest canopy.
Description and Biology of A New Species of Cybocephalus Erichson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), A Predator of Australian Citrus Whitefly
Authors: KIREJTSHUK ALEXANDER G. , JAMES DAVID G. , HEFFER RENAY 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Cybocephalus aleyrodiphagus sp.n., a predator of Australian citrus whitefly, Orchamoplatus citri (Takahashi), is described from adults and larvae collected from southern New South Wales (where it appears to be the major natural enemy of O. citri) and South Australia. Eggs of C. aleyrodiphagus are laid singly near egg circles of O. citri and larvae feed on eggs, crawlers and nymphs. Adults feed on all immature stages of O. citri. Reproductive, but not non‐reproductive, females contain greater quantities of stearic, oleic and linoleic acid than males indicating the possible presence of a sex pheromone. In southern New South Wales, C. aleyrodiphagus sp.n. overwinters as non‐reproductive adults and produces two adult generations during December‐January and March‐May. the sex ratio is close to 1:1 during October‐December (overwintered adults) but male biased (2.2:1) during January‐July (new generation adults). Trends of abundance for C. aleyrodiphagus correspond well with those for O. citri nymphs/pupae indicating a functional response of the predator to prey, despite disruption by foraging ants.
Oviposition Sites of the Saltmarsh Mosquito, Aedes vigilax (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), at Homebush Bay, Sydney, NSW—A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: GISLASON GISLI MAR , RUSSELL RICHARD C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTEggs of the saltmarsh mosquito, Aedes vigilax (Skuse), were collected in two saline wetlands at Homebush Bay in Sydney in February and March 1994 as part of an extensive study on the mosquito fauna of the area. Within the mangrove forest, very few eggs were found on mangrove trunks or pneumatophores. Within the saltmarshes, the distribution of eggs was very clumped. Few eggs were found on bare mud, and eggs were found mainly on the soil beneath the samphire plant, Sarcocornia quinqueflora, in the Bicentennial Park wetlands, and beneath S. quinqueflora and the marine couch, Sporobolus virginicus, in the Newington wetlands. Sporobolus appeared to be the preferred habitat plant although its distribution was limited.
Male genital musculature of Therevidae and Scenopinidae (Diptera: Asiloidea): Structure, homology and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Ovtshinnikova OG , Yeates DK 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe male genital musculature of Anabarrhynchus tristis Bigot (Therevidae) and Metatrichia waterhousei (Paramonov) (Scenopinidae) are examined and compared to other flies of the superfamily Asiloidea (Diptera). Evidence from musculature confirms that the inner stylus of Therevidae is homologous with the gonostylus of other asiloid flies. the ‘outer stylus’ of Therevidae is an articulated process of the distal margin of the gonocoxite, here termed the ‘inner gonocoxal process’. the genital musculature of the Scenopinidae is very similar to that of the Therevidae. Metatrichia waterhousei has what we interpret as modified, fused lateral ejaculatory processes lying above the ejaculatory apodeme. the male genital musculature of the Asiloidea is reviewed and implications for the phylogeny of the Asiloidea are discussed. A striking apomorphy of the Asiloidea (except Bombyliidae and Mydidae) is the presence of a third tergosternal muscle bundle M53. the presence of gonocoxal muscles M38 may prove to be a synapomorphy of the Asiloidea (excluding the Bombyliidae). Muscle M33 is a synapomorphy of the clade containing Asilidae, Apioceridae and Mydidae. the division of gonocoxite muscle M33 into two bundles may be a synapomorphy of the Apioceridae.
Tuft scales and egg protection in Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich‐Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)
Authors: Floater Graham J 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFemale Lepidoptera of various families possess, at the tip of the abdomen, an anal tuft of deciduous scales that are deposited over or around their eggs during oviposition. This study describes the morphology of scales in the anal tuft of Ochrogaster lunifer, and discusses their role in egg protection. the tuft is composed of broad, flat scales and long, barbed filamentous scales. the cover of the scales over the eggs probably acts as an aposematic warning to vertebrate predators, as the white scale mass is highly conspicuous against the dark trunk of the host tree (e.g. Acacia concurrens). This may be related to the barbed filamentous scales. the broad covering of flat scales makes an effective physical shield against invertebrate predators and adverse weather. When the scale cover of egg batches was removed, egg loss from predation and rainfall increased significantly.
Erixestus zygogrammae Cave and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): an exotic egg parasitoid of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Australia
Authors: Withers TM , Christensen JA , Burwell CJ 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe solitary endoparasitoid Erixestus zygogrammae has been identified from eggs of the parthenium weed biocontrol agent Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister laid on ragweed in Brisbane. It has been recorded recently as an egg parasitoid of Z. magica Stål in Honduras, Central America. Possible sources of introduction of this parasitoid into Australia are discussed.