bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of novolac resin‐ and resole resin‐based carbon/carbon composites in relation to their fabrication conditions
Authors: Georgiou Pantelitsa , Kyriakopoulou Eleftheria , Zoumpoulakis Loukas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe demands of cost‐driven industrial applications can be satisfied by manufacturing composites with a low volume fraction of carbon fibres as phenolic carbon fibre‐reinforced composites and C/C composites, both with acceptable performances, for low‐ or high‐temperature applications, respectively. Polymeric composites reinforced with a low volume fraction (7.5% v/v) of carbon fibres were fabricated using laboratory‐produced phenolic resins, novolac (N) and resole (R), as matrices after different curing/post‐curing temperature profiles. By optimising the manufacturing conditions, the N‐based polymeric composites exhibited higher flexural strength, whereas the R‐based composites showed higher shear strength. C/C composites, namely N‐based and R‐based, were manufactured by pyrolysis of the previously prepared polymeric composites up to 1000 °C. The pyrolysed composites were then densified by impregnation with an appropriate resin solution, followed by curing and new pyrolysis, and particularly by employing 1 up to 4 consecutive cycles of ‘impregnation–curing/pyrolysis’. Weight changes resulting from the impregnation–curing and pyrolysis stages were determined. The curing of both resins was verified by Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis. The apparent density and X‐ray diffraction data of the C/C composites were used to calculate their total percent porosities. The morphology and elemental composition of the C/C composites at their failure region (after flexural testing) were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray Analyses. In comparison to the N‐based C/C composites, the R‐based ones exhibited: higher shear strength, lower flexural strength, higher Shore D hardness, slightly higher surface conductivity and lower volume conductivity. The optimum conditions for the manufacture of C/C composites were achieved by applying two consecutive cycles of ‘pyrolysis–impregnation–pyrolysis’ to the polymeric composites. © 2024 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Synthesis of colorless polyimides derived from benzimidazole diamines with bis‐amide structures
Authors: Zhang Hao , Guo Feng , Xu Ke , Wang Mengxia , Chen Chunhai , Qian Guangtao , Liu Gang , Deng Zhiqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo make the colorless polyimides (CPIs) suitable for the application of flexible display technology, the polyimide (PI) films need to have both good optical properties and thermal properties. To get the wanted properties, 2‐(2‐methyl‐4‐(2‐methyl‐4‐aminobenzamido)phenyl)‐5‐(2‐methyl‐4‐aminobenzamido)‐N‐phenylbenzimidazol (5a) and 2‐(2‐methyl‐4‐(2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐aminobenzamido)phenyl)‐5‐(2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐aminobenzamido)‐N‐phenylbenzimidazol (5b) were synthesized, which both contained benzimidazole and bis‐amide structures. Two kinds of PI films were polymerized with cyclobutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA). With the contribution of side groups (CH3 or CF3), the resulting PI films presented relatively superior optical properties (transmittance at 400 nm was 59% and 68% respectively) and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE = 22 and 25 ppm K−1). These good properties suggest that these PI films have the potential for flexible display usage.
An environmentally friendly synergistic stabilization of emulsions using an ABC macrosurfactant and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Authors: Constantinou Anna P. , Somuncuoğlu Birsen , Georgiou Theoni K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, a series of non‐ionic ABC based on the hydrophilic oligo‐ and di‐(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA300/A and DEGMA/C), and the hydrophobic n‐butyl methacrylate (BuMA, B) are investigated as macrosurfactants. Polymers of constant composition, and four varying molar masses (MM) were synthesized via group transfer polymerization. The higher the MM, the bigger the micelles in aqueous media, and the lower the critical micellization concentration and the stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions. The best‐performing macrosurfactant was investigated under different conditions and it was proven that the oil phase volume fraction, and surfactant concentration strongly control the emulsion stability. The macrosurfactants show minimal dependence on the salinity of the water phase, thus offering suitability in preparation of emulsion in environments with different hardness. Emulsions stabilized by both the macrosurfactant and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a naturally derived viscosity modifier, present a classical non‐Newtonian behavior; the viscosity increased when increasing the MM of the HPMC. The emulsion stabilization is attributed to the synergistic steric stabilization provided by the macrosurfactant and the increased viscosity and formation of an entangled network by HPMC. This formulation leads to emulsion stability over 65% 1 year after emulsification, highlighting its potential use in commercial applications.
Exploring the potential of ChatGPT in enhancing atmospheric pressure plasma research techniques
Authors: Bai Ruihang , Zhu Haiwei , Li Jiacheng , Liu Dawei , Lu Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReleased in March 2023, GPT‐4 has shown remarkable proficiency in various scientific areas, including atmospheric pressure plasma research. The paper discusses how GPT‐4, supported by ScholarAI and Wolfram plugins, enhances research efficiency with its vast knowledge and inferencing skills. It focuses on plasma‐water‐based nitrogen fixation experiments, demonstrating GPT‐4's abilities in explanation, analysis, prediction, planning, and verification. The study also addresses challenges like interpreting non‐textual data and keeping pace with scientific advancements. It highlights GPT‐4's role in improving nitrogen fixation process efficiency, showcasing its utility in scientific analysis and decision‐making. The paper emphasizes the evolving role of AI in research and the need for the scientific community to adapt to the rise of more advanced AI systems.
Intra‐urban residential mobility and segregation of foreigners in Rome
Authors: Rimoldi Stefania M. L. , Crisci Massimiliano , Benassi Federico , Raymer James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research studies the residential mobility of Italians and foreigners in Rome from 2002 to 2019. We examine the differences in residential mobility patterns for (1) Italians and foreigners, (2) foreign migrants by selected country of origin, and (3) the effect of intra‐urban mobility on residential segregation. Log‐linear models and segregation indexes are used to analyze unpublished microdata on residential mobility by neighbourhood from the population register of Rome. Results show that foreigners are more mobile than Italians and more prone to move outside the area where they live, but with an increasing process of remaining in their current locations over time. Also, similarities and differences emerge by country of origin. Finally, we find residential mobility has increased the spatial concentration and clustering of foreigners in Rome, whilst reducing the dissimilarity from Italians at the same time.
The effects of citrus flavonoids supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Jalili Farnaz , Moradi Sajjad , Talebi Sepide , Mehrabani Sanaz , Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Wong Alexei , Jalalvand Ali R. , Kermani Mohammad Ali Hojjati , Jalili Cyrus , Jalili Faramarz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled utilizing a random‐effects model. A total of eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant augmentation in flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.20; I2 = 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the linear dose–response analysis indicated that each increment of 200 mg/d in CFS led to an increase of 1.09% in FMD (95% CI: 0.70, 1.48; I2 = 94.5%; p < 0.001). The findings from the nonlinear dose–response analysis also revealed a linear relationship between CFS and FMD (Pnon‐linearity = 0.903, Pdose–response <0.001). Our findings suggest that CFS enhances endothelial function. However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations and different populations are warranted to establish more precise conclusions.
Novel erectile analyses revealed augmentable penile Lyve‐1, the lymphatic marker, expression
Authors: Fujimoto Kota , Hashimoto Daiki , Kim Sang Woon , Lee Yong Seung , Suzuki Takuya , Nakata Masanori , Kumegawa Shinji , Asamura Shinichi , Yamada Gen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe pathophysiology of penis extends to erectile dysfunction (ED) to conditions including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and cancer. To date, there has been little research evaluating vascular drainage from the penis. We aimed to evaluate penile blood flow in vivo and analyze its possible relationship with the lymphatic maker.Materials and MethodsWe established an in vivo system designed to assess the dynamic blood outflow from the corpus cavernosum (CC) by dye injection. To analyze lymphatic characteristics in the CC, the expression of Lyve‐1, the key lymphatic endothelium marker, was examined by the in vitro system and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to mimic the inflammatory conditions.ResultsA novel cavernography methods enable high‐resolution morphological and functional blood drainage analysis. The expression of Lyve‐1 was detected along the sinusoids. Furthermore, its prominent expression was also observed after penile LPS injection and in the erectile condition.ConclusionsThe current in vivo system will potentially contribute to the assessment of penile pathology from a novel viewpoint. In addition, current analyses revealed inducible Lyve‐1 expression for LPS injection and the erection state, which requires further analyses on penile lymphatic system.
Teacher positioning within the figured world(s) of urban school science
Authors: Wade‐Jaimes Katherine , Askew Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough research has highlighted the challenges of teaching in urban settings, particularly for science teachers, it has paid less attention to the development of science teaching identities in urban settings. This paper situates science teaching identity within societal discourses of science, education, and teaching to explore the ways in which macro‐level discourses influence the positions available to science teachers in urban schools. Using questionnaire data from 64 teachers, discourse analysis is used to demonstrate how participants reinscribe or disrupt prominent macro‐level discourses, including the elitism of science, accountability, and deficit views of urban areas, and the resulting positions that are created by this negotiation process. The findings include possible positions relative to science, education, and teaching as well as a consideration of differences between elementary and secondary teachers and between beginning and experienced teachers. Although many participants successfully disrupted damaging discourses of science as elite and disconnected, as well as discourses of accountability and the role of standardized testing, they were not able to disrupt deficit discourses that resulted in positioning themselves as outside of their students' worlds, often as saviors. The findings demonstrated the strong influence of deficit discourses on teachers' descriptions of their experiences as science teachers and the need to support teachers in understanding the historical and cultural contexts of urban education to identify and disrupt deficit discourses and create teacher positions based on asset and justice‐based views of students, schools, and communities.
Conceptualizing community scientific literacy: Results from a systematic literature review and a Delphi method survey of experts
Authors: Busch K. C. , Rajwade Aparajita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe predominant conceptualization of scientific literacy occurs on the micro scale of an individual person. However, scientific literacy can also be exhibited at the meso scale by groups of people in communities of place, practice, or interest. What comprises this community level scientific literacy (CSL) is both understudied and undertheorized. In this paper, we utilized a systematic literature review to describe how CSL is characterized in the extant literature and a Delphi survey of experts to elicit more current thought. Guided by cultural‐historical activity theory, inductive and deductive analyses produced seven elements of CSL and their constituent characteristics: (1) resources, (2) attributes of those resources, (3) actors, (4) interactions between actors, (5) contexts, (6) topics, and (7) purposes. The typology created through this process is meant to be generative, serving as a starting point for continuing refinement within science education and other fields related to science learning and knowing.
Amphiphilic Post‐Modification of Red Algae‐Derived Carrageenan Coatings for Balanced Marine Antifouling Applications
Authors: Do Jihwan , Kang Sung Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolysaccharide coatings are of interest for marine antifouling applications because of their good marine antifouling properties and environmentally benign characteristics. However, the hydrophilic nature of polysaccharide coatings can lead to the adsorption of marine sediment, which can negatively impact their antifouling properties. Amphiphilic modification of polysaccharide coatings has been demonstrated to address these issues. In this study, we report a simple method for post‐modification of a sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan (CAR) coating to make it amphiphilic. A hydrophilic CAR coating is first formed on solid substrates, followed by grafting hydrophobic molecules onto the CAR‐coated surfaces through metal‐ion‐mediated coordinate bond formation. The resulting amphiphilic CAR coating effectively reduces both marine sediment (silt) adsorption and marine diatom adhesion, achieving a balanced marine antifouling performance.
In Vitro and In Silico Anticancer Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from an Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus Isolated from Monarda Citriodora
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Singh Gurpreet , Qayum Arem , Ovais Dar Mohammad , Singh Shashank , Katoch Meenu , Sangwan Payare L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemical investigation of endophytic fungal extract of Aspergillus fumigatus strain KF436391 isolated from medicinal plant Monarda citriodora yielded one new compound 2‐methylenedecanedioic acid (1) along with seventeen known compounds (2–18) including (E)‐Undec‐2‐enedioic acid (2), Ergosterol (3) Ditryptophenaline (4), Gliotoxin (5), Pseurotin A (6), 12, 13‐dihydroxyfumitremorgin C (7), Brevianamide F (8), Demethoxy fumitremorgin C (9), Fumitremorgin C (10), Bisdethiobis (methylthio) gliotoxin (11), Cephalimysin A (12), Neofipiperazine C (13), Antibiotic FD838 (14), Monomethylsulochrin (15), trans‐p‐coumaric acid (16), trans‐ferulic acid (17) and 6‐Methoxyspirotryprostatin B (18). Anticancer evaluation study of all the compounds against a panel of eleven human tumor cell lines (PC‐3, HT‐29, MCF‐7, OVCAR‐5, HCT‐15, SF‐268, A549, HCT‐116, SW620, T47D and MD‐MBA‐435) of varied tissue origin revealed that compound 5 found to be the most potent cytotoxic agent against all the cancer cell lines examined, with an IC50 value <1.0 μM. But, it also showed cytotoxicity for normal human cells. Compounds 12, 14 and 15 exhibited maximum cytotoxicity against colon (HT‐29) cancer cell line with IC50 values 2.2, 2.8 and 7.7 μM respectively and were nontoxic for normal human cells. Docking studies of all the isolated compounds carried out using the Gaussian 09 suite of programs at B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level of theory against three different proteins Poly [ADP‐ribose] polymerase‐1 (ID: 1UK0), TRAF2 (ID: 2X7F) and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 (ID: 1HOV) and maximum binding affinity was observed for TRAF2 (2X7F) protein. The in silico and in vitro anticancer results revealed that compounds 14 and 15 have the potential to be developed as anticancer agents against colon cancer cells.
On the accessibility of the grayscale version of a PoN‐enabled use case notation
Authors: El‐Attar Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe physics of notations (PoN) is a framework for designing cognitively effective notations. Cognitive effectiveness refers to the ease (speed and accuracy) by which model readers read models. In 2019, a PoN‐Enabled notation for use case diagrams was proposed. It has been empirically proven that the cognitive effectiveness of this new notation is superior to the original use case notation. The new notation however relies in part on the use of color. The accessibility of this new design has not been validated for use by the colorblind community, or any users who need to use a grayscale version of the models created. The PoN framework was not designed to explicitly account for the colorblind community or users who can only access grayscale versions of models. Inclusivity should not be an afterthought in software engineering practice or research. To this end, this paper empirically evaluates the cognitive effectiveness of the PoN‐enabled use case notation in situations where it is viewed in grayscale.
Long‐Term Intracellular Tracking of Label‐Free Nanoparticles in Live Cells and Tissues with Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Gusta Muriel F. , Ernst Lena M. , Moriones Oscar H. , Piella Jordi , Valeri Marta , Bastus Neus G. , Puntes Victor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe label‐free imaging of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) provides a powerful and versatile tool for studying interactions between NPs and biological systems. Without the need for exogenous labels or markers, it simply benefits from the differential scattering of visible photons between biomaterials and inorganic NPs. Validation experiments conducted on fixed and living cells in real‐time, as well as mouse tissue sections following parenteral administration of NPs. Additionally, by incorporating reporter fluorophores and utilizing both reflectance and fluorescence imaging modalities, the method enables high‐resolution multiplex imaging of cellular structures and NPs. Different sizes and concentrations of Au NPs are tested as for Ag, Fe3O4, and CeO2 NPs, all with biological interest. Overall, the comprehensive study of NP imaging by confocal microscopy in reflectance mode provides valuable insights and tools for researchers interested in monitoring the nano‐bio interactions.
Competition and profit orientation in microfinance
Authors: Muyeed Ahadul Kabir , Han Ruoning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines how microfinance lenders design their loan contracts to motivate borrower repayments under competition. We develop a model of an individual lending scheme in which a dynamic incentive mechanism is employed to mitigate borrower strategic defaults. We find that competition affects loan terms and borrower welfare in different ways depending on whether lenders are non‐profit or for‐profit. Non‐profits always charge the lowest feasible interest rate and show some degree of leniency toward defaulters by renewing their contracts. An increase in competition leads non‐profits to curtail leniency to a level that induces repayment, without affecting borrower welfare. In contrast, for‐profits charge the highest feasible interest rate and show no leniency to defaulters. They respond to competition by lowering the interest rate, leading to welfare gains for borrowers.
Melatonin promotes cell cycle progression of neural stem cells subjected to manganese via Nurr1
Authors: Chen Nan , Zhou Han , He Bin , Peng Sen , Ding Feng , Liu Qi‐Hao , Ma Zhuo , Liu Wei , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExcessive exposure to manganese (Mn) through drinking water and food during pregnancy significantly heightens the likelihood of neurodevelopmental damage in offspring. Multiple studies have indicated that melatonin (Mel) may help to relieve neurodevelopmental disorders caused by Mn, but potential mechanisms underlying this effect require further exploration. Here, we utilized primary neural stem cells (NSCs) as a model to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the protective function of Mel on Mn‐induced cell proliferation dysfunction and cycle arrest. Our results showed that Mn disrupted the cell cycle in NSCs by suppressing positive regulatory proteins (CDK2, Cyclin A, Cyclin D1, and E2F1) and enhancing negative ones (p27KIP1 and p57KIP2), leading to cell proliferation dysfunction. Mel inhibited the Mn‐dependent changes to these proteins and the cell cycle through nuclear receptor‐related protein 1 (Nurr1), thus alleviating the proliferation dysfunction. Knockdown of Nurr1 using lentivirus‐expressed shRNA in NSCs resulted in a diminished protective effect of Mel. We concluded that Mel mitigated Mn‐induced proliferation dysfunction and cycle arrest in NSCs through Nurr1.
RETRACTED: Development of gene panel for predicting recurrence in early‐stage cervical cancer patients
Authors: Ma Yun , Zhu Weipei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is a common malignancy affecting women worldwide. Our objective was to develop a consensus‐based gene panel using multi‐omics data that could effectively predict recurrence in early‐stage cervical cancer patients. We utilized the “Multi‐Omics Consensus Integration Analysis (MOVICS)” package for consensus clustering design to integrate multiple omics datasets and improve the molecular classification landscape of early‐stage CC. We identified the “resting and naive” tumor microenvironment (TME) as cancer subtype (CS) 2. Leveraging the feature genes from the CS classifier, we employed machine learning algorithms to identify a gene panel, including ALDH1A1, CLDN10, MUC13, and C10orf99, which could generate a consensus machine learning‐driven score (CMLS) for each patient. Stratifying patients into high and low CMLS groups resulted in Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrating a significant difference in recurrence rates between the two groups. This difference remained significant even after adjusting for clinical features in multivariate Cox regression analysis, with the risk ratio of CMLS surpassing that of clinical characteristics. Furthermore, the TME exhibited notable differences between the different CMLS groups, suggesting that patients with low CMLS may exhibit a better response to immunotherapy. This study highlights the potential of the CMLS approach in predicting recurrence in early‐stage cervical cancer patients and provides a screening model for selecting patients suitable for immunotherapy.