bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Method for DNA Isolation from Clotted Blood Extricated Rapidly from Serum Separator Tubes
Authors: Se Fum Wong Steven , Kuei Jeffrey J , Prasad Naina , Agonafer Etsemaye , Mendoza Gustavo A , Pemberton Trevor J , Patel Pragna I 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: After clinical laboratory tests have been performed, it can be difficult to obtain DNA without further patient involvement. Although the blood clot remaining within the serum-separation tube after serum collection is a source of DNA, recovery of the clot from the tube is a significant challenge.Method: We devised a method to efficiently remove clotted blood from the serum-separation gel and extract DNA from clotted whole blood samples, obtaining maximum yield of the DNA without DNA contamination by the separation gel. The method involved centrifugation of the sample in the inverted original 10-mL collection tube to displace the separation gel for easy isolation of the blood clot and shearing of the blood clot by centrifugation through a 20-gauge wire mesh cone at 2000g in a swinging-bucket rotor. After erythrocyte lysis and proteinase-K digestion of the fragmented clot, DNA was precipitated with isopropanol in the presence of glycogen.Results: The mean amount of DNA obtained from a 4-mL clotted blood sample prepared by this method was 37.1 μg for clots processed soon after collection, with a reduction to 0.439 μg for clots stored for 1 month before extraction. The quality of the DNA was comparable to that extracted directly from whole blood, and it was found to be suitable for PCR-mediated analysis.Conclusion: We have formulated a method that overcomes the difficulties of safely extricating a blood clot from serum-separation tubes, allowing rapid DNA extraction for the purposes of genetic investigation.
Functional Expression ofN-Formyl Peptide Receptors in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Viswanathan Anand , Painter Richard G. , Lanson Nicholas A. , Wang Guoshun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTissue injury enhances homing and engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the mechanisms by which MSCs sense the signals released by injured tissues and migrate toward injury sites have not been fully defined. In the current report, we investigated whether human MSCs express the N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and the formyl peptide receptor-like-1 (FPRL1). These receptors bind to N-formylated peptides by which phagocytes migrate to inflammatory sites and fibroblasts repopulate wounds to remodel the damaged tissues. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that MSCs express both FPR and FPRL1 at the transcriptional level. Flow cytometric analyses revealed expression of both receptors at the protein level. Fusion of the enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) to the C terminus of each receptor showed localization to the cell surface. Moreover, MSCs responded to stimulation by N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP), a prototypic N-formyl peptide, demonstrating rapid intracellular calcium mobilization that can be blocked by pertussis toxin or cyclosporin H. It is noteworthy that the fMLP-stimulated MSCs had an enhanced adhesion to extracellular matrix protein-coated surfaces. In addition, MSCs migrated toward gradients of increasing fMLP concentration, indicating that the receptors were functionally involved in positive chemotaxis to formylated peptides. Therefore, the N-formyl peptide receptors present in MSCs may play an important role in signaling stem cell adhesion, migration, and homing to injured and inflamed tissue for repair. Such a mechanism could potentially be exploited to direct the stem cells to target specific tissue sites, such as cystic fibrosis lungs, for therapy.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Modeling and simulation analysis of optimal layout scheme of aviation logistics park based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Chen Jianxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs an important component of modern logistics industry, aviation logistics parks address the problems of unreasonable layout and low efficiency in traditional planning and construction methods. The study first constructed a grid model for optimizing the layout of functional areas in the aviation logistics park, and selected the layout scheme with the highest comprehensive correlation as the optimal planning. At the same time, three important model parameters were determined: prediction of cargo throughput, size of functional areas in the park, and comprehensive correlation values between functional areas. Subsequently, in response to the optimization problem of functional area layout in aviation logistics parks, a cosine adaptive genetic algorithm based on adaptive reversal operation was introduced to solve the model. According to the findings, the research mention algorithm has an average utilization rate of up to 69.64% in the international freight zone, which is a 12.38% improvement over the conventional genetic algorithm. Additionally, it has an average domestic cargo area utilization rate of 67.93%, 11.24% greater than the genetic algorithm. This demonstrated that the functional area layout scheme of the aviation logistics park produced by examining the suggested algorithm is extremely viable and offers new ideas and techniques for the planning and designing of aviation logistics parks.
Attention! Do We Really Need Attention Checks?
Authors: Roth Yefim , Yakobi Ofir 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThere is ongoing debate over the usefulness of and need for attention checks in online experiments. This paper investigates the value of these tests in decisions‐from‐experience (i.e., multi‐trial repeated choice) tasks. In five studies (Ntotal = 1519), we comprehensively compared the behavior of attentive and inattentive participants (i.e., those who passed or failed a simple attention check) among online participants; and also compared those results to the results of lab studies reported elsewhere. We found meaningful differences between the behavior of attentive and inattentive participants even at the first trial. Overall, attentive participants were more likely to notice less‐obvious average values of the different alternatives, while inattentive participants exhibited higher sensitivity to typical outcomes. The findings show that even one simple attention test is sufficient to differentiate between attentive and inattentive participants in repetitive tasks. Importantly, our results fully replicated three previously run lab studies among attentive participants, but not inattentive ones. This finding highlights the importance of using attention tests to avoid spurious conclusions.
Chromium‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling to Construct C−SS Bonds from Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Peng , Wang Tian‐Zhang , Wu Kang , Liang Yu‐Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLow‐valent chromium catalysts are cheap and less toxic compared to other transition metal catalysts. Here in, we reported a ligand‐free chromium(III)‐catalyzed manganese reductive cross‐coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles, such as alkyl sulfonates and alkyl chlorides, with trisulfide dioxides as thiolation agents to form carbon−sulfur bonds. The powerful method featured ample substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance, constructing a large number of unsymmetrical disulfides under simple conditions.
Role of Constituent Oxides for Thermal Mineralization of o‐Dichloro Benzene over Mixed‐Oxide‐TiO2 Catalysts: A Mechanistic Explanation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kaustava , Kumar Adarsh , Tyagi Deepak , Tripathi A. K. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCatalysts with V2O5, WO3 and V2O5−WO3 dispersed over TiO2 were synthesized using sol‐gel technique and thoroughly characterized by various techniques. The catalysts were evaluated for degradation of ortho‐dichloro benzene (o‐DCB) in air/helium, a representative probe molecule for polychlorinated dibenzo‐para‐dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran by employing in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR spectroscopy). Different intermediate species formed on the surface of the TiO2 supported catalysts through of interaction of sorbate molecules with the lattice and/or gaseous oxygen were investigated in detail. Analysis of vibrational bands, observed during sorption of o‐DCB and o‐DCB‐air mixture as a function of temperature over these catalysts, delineated the role of surface intermediate species such as phenolate, enolates, maleates, carboxylates, carbonates in mineralization of o‐DCB. Nature and stability of intermediate species, found to be different over these catalysts, were able to elucidate the catalytic activity trend.
Geographic gradients in a functional trait: Drivers of body size and size diversity of ground invertebrate communities
Authors: Kaspari Michael , Marshall Katie E. , Weiser Michael D. , Siler Cameron D. , Theriot Miranda K. , de Beurs Kirsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBody size is a key functional trait governing how an animal community transforms resources and conditions into performance, abundance, and fitness. Here we use the National Ecological Observatory Network of pitfall traps to explore how an ecosystem's plant productivity, temperature, and growing season length accounts for the range of body size across 99 ground invertebrate communities. The 19‐fold continental variation in mean body size failed to covary with latitude, while common ordinal subtaxa grew smaller (e.g., myriapods) to larger (e.g., acari) from Puerto Rico to Alaska. Communities with a larger mean size arose when winters were longer and gross primary productivity was high. The diversity of body sizes in a community (measured as the CV) varied ninefold and decreased with latitude (r2 = 0.24) consistently across common orders. Size‐diverse communities were less likely in ecosystems with long winters (suggesting constraints on the time to build, r2 = 0.34) and those with high invertebrate activity (and hence trap catch, r2 = 0.12). Body size distributions thus appeared to arise from conflicting combinations of constraint (i.e., the ability to build large bodies) and performance (utility of large size in surviving long winters). As warming promotes growing season length, populations of larger, rarer individuals may benefit.
Predictors of lifetime cannabis use among undergraduate students and changes during COVID‐19
Authors: McCall John R. , Giordano Amanda L. , Ziomek‐Daigle Jolie , Appling Brandee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examined predictors of traditional‐aged undergraduate students’ (n = 115) lifetime cannabis use during COVID‐19. Participants who had lower scores of self‐regulation, higher levels of emotional dysregulation strategies, and a higher number of ACEs had more lifetime cannabis use. Additionally, participants’ methods of cannabis use changed during the pandemic as they primarily ingested more cannabis products (i.e., edibles) compared with before the pandemic began. Finally, the number of participants using cannabis in group settings during the pandemic was lower compared with before the pandemic began. Implications for counselors and counselor education programs are provided.
Py3BR: A software for computing atomic three‐body recombination rates
Authors: Koots Rian , Wang Yu , Mirahmadi Marjan , Pérez‐Ríos Jesús 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe three‐body recombination reaction, or ternary association, is a termolecular reaction leading to a molecule after a three‐body encounter that plays a vital role in many relevant scenarios in chemical physics. Here, we introduce the Python 3‐Body Recombination program, which is dedicated to the computation of atomic three‐body recombination rate coefficients. The software is based on a classical trajectory approach in hyperspherical coordinates after mapping the three‐body problem as a single particle in a higher‐dimensional space. This theoretical approach is fully general and applicable to any ion‐atom‐atom or atom‐atom‐atom three‐body process. The predictive power of the methodology has been tested in several different experimental scenarios, reaching a good description of every system. The code structure is presented alongside examples and tests to ensure the software's capacity. In addition, the performance of the software after parallelization is shown.
Preparation, Characterization, and Radiolabeling of Anti‐HER2 scFv With Technetium Tricarbonyl and Stability Studies
Authors: Bozorgchami Negar , Ahmadzadeh Maryam , Hatamabadi Dara , Yazdani Abdolreza , Shahhosseini Soraya , Mohit Elham 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer, and the second cause of cancer death among women, worldwide. HER2 overexpression occurred in approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancers. Invasive biopsy method has been used for detection of HER2 overexpression. HER2‐targeted imaging via an appropriate radionuclide is a promising method for sensitive and accurate identification of HER2+ primary and metastatic lesions. 99mTc‐anti‐HER2 scFv can specifically target malignancies and be used for diagnosis of the cancer type and metastasis as well as treatment of breast cancer. We radiolabeled anti‐HER2 scFv that was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified through Ni‐NTA resin under native condition with 99mTc‐tricarbonyl formed from boranocarbonate. HER2‐based ELISA, BCA, TLC, and HPLC were used in this study. In the current study, anti‐HER2 scFv was lyophilized before radiolabeling. It was found that freeze‐drying did not change the binding activity of anti‐HER2 scFv to HER2. Results demonstrated direct anti‐HER2 scFv radiolabeling by 99mTc‐tricarbonyl to hexahistidine sequence (His‐tag) without any changes in biological activity and radiochemical purity of around 98%. Stability analysis revealed that 99mTc‐anti‐HER2 scFv is stable for at least 24 h in PBS buffer, normal saline, human plasma proteins, and histidine solution.
A tricky singular papular peri‐cicatricial mammarian lesion
Authors: Cantisani Carmen , Trovato Federica , Gargano Luca , Di Guardo Antonio , Vasile Alexandru Bâja , Rovaldi Emanuele , Azzella Giulia , Speranza Iolanda , Soda Giuseppe , Roberto Michela , Lettera Tiziana , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBreast cancer represents the most common malignancy in women worldwide. In most cases, metastasis is the leading cause of mortality. Early diagnosis is still challenging despite standardised, government‐led screening programs, but is crucial in achieving improved survival rates. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the metastatic potential of breast cancer is critical for developing therapeutic interventions to combat widespread disease. Cutaneous metastasis from underlying breast carcinoma is uncommon as the first manifestation of visceral malignancies and is commonly observed in advanced‐stage malignancies, often associated with poor prognosis, and a prompt, precise tissue diagnosis is mandatory. A high index of suspicion in oncologic patients is required to diagnose these lesions, as they can mimic benign skin manifestations and clinical findings may be subtle and going unnoticed. We report on a case of a 76‐year‐old female patient presenting to our non‐invasive diagnostic outpatient clinic with an unusual cutaneous presentation, as an early sign of locally advanced invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer recurrence. The aim of our article is to underline the importance of the dermatologist in the multi‐disciplinary oncologic diagnostic process, including non‐invasive imaging evaluation of cutaneous lesions, especially insidious breast carcinomas. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) is not routinely used due to its cost, therefore lesion's aspect has not been completely described, consequently, the correct evaluation of skin architecture appearance can add important information, especially in cutaneous oncology where it can help in early diagnosis or cancer recurrency. OCT may contribute to the detection of subclinical cutaneous manifestations of cancer or recurrence, in particular, when they are difficult to differentiate clinically from benign lesion. In the case we described, OCT of suspected lesion showed the loss of the DEJ with solid nests and irregular vessels.
Lutein and the Underlying Neuroprotective Promise against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Iyer Saisree , Bhat Ishani , Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are the two most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases with limited knowledge on their cause and, presently, have no cure. There is an existence of multiple treatment methods that target only the symptoms temporarily and do not stop the progression or prevent the onset of disease. Neurodegeneration is primarily attributed to the natural process of aging and the deleterious effects of heightened oxidative stress within the brain, whether via direct or indirect mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that certain nutritional aspects play a crucial role in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Lutein, a dietary carotenoid, has been studied for its antioxidant properties for more than a decade with several applications against age‐related macular degeneration. It is high antioxidant potential and selective accumulation in the brain makes it a versatile compound for combatting various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the studies exhibiting neuroprotective properties of lutein against neurodegenerative conditions, more specifically AD and PD in various model systems as well as clinical observations have been reviewed. Accordingly, the concerns associated with lutein absorption and potential strategies to improve its bioavailability have been discussed.
Thermal chemistry and decomposition behaviors of energetic materials with trimerizing furoxan skeleton
Authors: Zhou Jing , Huang Meng , Zhang Junlin , Zhai Lianjie , Cao Yilin , Wang Xiaocong , Qiu Lili , Wang Bozhou , Meng Zihui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrimerizing furoxans are ideal molecular skeletons for the construction of high energetic substances due to their compact structures and high enthalpy of formations. To explore and compare the thermal behaviors of energetic materials with tandem trimerizing furoxan molecular skeleton, we reported the first systematic research on the thermochemical behaviors and decomposition mechanism of 3,4‐bis(3‐fluorodinitromethylfuroxan‐4‐yl)furoxan (BFTF), 3,4‐bis(3‐cyanofurazan)furazan oxide (BCTFO) and benzotrifuroxan (BTF). According to the research results of the DSC‐TG experiments, both the substituted furoxan based energetic compounds (BCTFO and BFTF) exhibited low melting points and complicated thermal decomposition behaviors around 240 °C, while the melting point of unsubstituted furoxan (BTF) was much higher. Their detailed decomposition mechanisms were proposed based on the experimental results through tandem techniques including in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy method and DSC‐TG‐FTIR‐MS quadruple technology, which indicated that the cleavage of substituent would trigger the decompositions of BFTF and the decomposition of trimerizing furoxan skeletons almost synchronous occurrence with substituents in BCTFO. The self‐oxidation‐reduction of the linear and annular trimerizing furoxans lead to similar decomposition fragmented small molecule products.
An incremental analysis update in the framework of the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation: Description and preliminary tests in the operational China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System
Authors: Wang Liwen , Liu Yongzhu , Xu Daosheng , Zhang Lin , Leung Jeremy Cheuk‐Hin , Li Haorui , Gong Jiandong , Zhang Banglin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInitialization and the spin‐up effect are critical to model performance in the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) system. The incremental analysis update (IAU) technique is able to combat these problems. This study introduces the IAU technique into the 4DVar framework (IAU‐4DVar) of the operational China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System (CMA‐GFS) and evaluates the performance of the IAU‐4DVar. In this IAU‐4DVar framework, the initial increments optimally estimated are split up into equally weighted forcing terms and integrated into the tangent model and its adjoint model. Then, the optimal estimation of the analysis increment is gradually introduced into the model integration during the assimilation window. A set of two‐month assimilation and forecast experiments were established and executed in this study, and the preliminary results show that the IAU technique can reduce the spin‐up effect of the initial analysis increment from the operational 4DVar system with digital filter initialization (DFI‐4DVar) by retaining the balance in dynamics and thermodynamics. In the optimal minimization process, the IAU‐4DVar converges faster than the DFI‐4DVar with a reduction of the computational cost of up to ca 40%. In addition, the introduction of IAU‐4DVar into the CMA‐GFS model could have a positive impact on the analysis and forecast skills relative to the operational DFI‐4DVar.
Development of innovative groynes to establish fish passability of regulated rivers based on the example of the Wien River, Austria. Part I: Impact of groyne parameters on water depth and velocity
Authors: Lasinger Nora , Leutgöb Elena , Habersack Helmut , Sindelar Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRivers in Europe have been heavily modified over the last 200 years, with a significant impact on their ecology and environment. This also applies to rivers like the Wien River, Austria, which are designed as overwide concrete channels for the benefit of flood protection. To achieve a good ecological potential in such heavily modified water bodies, one key element is fish passability. This requires an increase in the water level at low flow conditions and a reduction of the flow velocity. The aim of this study is to assess whether groynes are suitable for this application. A design study was conducted to examine the effect of individual groyne parameters on water depths and velocities. Physical experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume at a scale of 1:8. In addition, a 2D numerical model was used. It was found that the groynes had to be submerged and the alignment had to be repelling to achieve both requirements. The configuration of the groyne height, distance and degree of obstruction parameters were crucial. The groyne angle and shape had a minor effect and can be used for fine‐tuning. The best groyne design created a passable section for fish. Thereby, and through sedimentation, the best design contributed to an ecological improvement. However, it did not create habitats and did not constitute a fullfledged restoration. In general, submerged groynes can fulfil the hydraulic requirements for fish passage in heavily modified water bodies with a fixed bed.