bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Sex as Determinants of Ventricular Arrhythmic Events in Patients with Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Burger Andrew J. , Aronson Doron 
Published: October 2006

Background: The propensity to develop specific arrhythmias varies between the sexes and is influenced by age. Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have a high prevalence of ventricular ectopy. However, in the setting of CHF, it is not known whether sex‐related or age‐dependent differences exist in the susceptibility to arrhythmias.Methods: The study population included 134 men and 73 women (mean age 61 ± 14 years) admitted for decompensated CHF. The severity of ventricular arrhythmias was assessed by 24‐hour Holter monitoring. None of the patients were on parenteral vasoactive therapy during Holter recording.Results: All measures of ventricular ectopy were markedly lower in women. The average hourly premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), the frequency of ventricular pairs, the mean hourly repetitive ventricular beats, and the frequency of ventricular tachycardia episodes per 24 hours were 40%, 62%, 65%, and 78% lower in women, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of developing > 3 ventricular pairs per 24‐hour period (OR = 2.2, Cl = 1.1–4.2, P = 0.03), > 3 repetitive ventricular beats/hour (OR = 2.5, Cl = 1.2–5.3, P = 0.01), or an episode of ventricular tachycardia (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.2–3.9, P = 0.01) were significantly higher in men. Patients in the higher fertile age group had a higher risk for the presence of > 3 ventricular pairs per 24‐hour period (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.1–4.2, P = 0.03), and the presence of > 3 repetitive ventricular beats per hour (OR = 5.9, CI = 2.7–13.3, P < 0.0001), compared with patients in the lower age fertile.Conclusion: Male sex and age are associated with complex ventricular ectopy in patients with CHF. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the relative protection conferred by female sex would advance our understanding about arrhythmias in heart failure. A.N.E. 2002;7(3):234–241
Influence of Atropine on Fractal and Complexity Measures of Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Perkiomaki Juha S. , Zareba Wojciech , Badilini Fabio , Moss Arthur J. 
Published: October 2006

Background: Measurement of short‐term fractal‐like correlation properties of heart rate dynamics has been shown to be a useful prognostic indicator of adverse events in cardiac patients. Complexity measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) have already provided important information in many cardiac conditions. However, data on the physiological background of these newer nonlinear measures of HRV are limited.Methods: Nine healthy subjects (aged from 22 to 35 years, 6 males, 3 females) had an electro‐cardiographic (ECG) recording during controlled breathing in supine position. HRV was analyzed for 5 min periods before and after intravenous injection of 0.6 mg of atropine using conventional HRV measures and newer nonlinear HRV measures including the short‐term scaling exponent (a,) and approximate entropy (ApEn).Results: The short‐term scaling exponent a1 increased significantly after atropine injection (1.01 ± 0.23 vs 1.43 ± 0.19, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between ApEn values before and after atropine injection (0.87 ± 0.17 vs 0.70 ± 0.31, respectively, P = 0.27). At baseline before atropine administration, a1 had a significant negative correlation with SDNN, RMSSD, and HF (r = ‐0.70, ‐0.76, ‐0.67, respectively, P <0.05 for all), and a significant positive correlation with heart rate (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). After atropine injection, a, did not have significant correlation with any of the HRV parameters or heart rate. There were no significant correlations between ApEn and any of the HRV measures or heart rate either before or after atropine administration.Conclusions: Vagal tone has an important influence on the values of the short‐term scaling exponent a,. However, vagal modulation is not a major determinant of the values of ApEn. A.N.E. 2002;7(4):326–331
A near-infrared spectroscopic detection of the brown dwarf in the post common envelope binary WD 0137-349
Authors: Burleigh M. R. , Hogan E. , Dobbie P. D. , Napiwotzki R. , Maxted P. F. L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We present a near-infrared spectrum of the close, detached white dwarf + brown dwarf binary WD 0137-349, which directly reveals the substellar companion through an excess of flux longwards of ≈1.95 μm. We best match the data with a white dwarf + L8 composite model. For ages ∼1 Gyr, the spectral type of the cool secondary is in agreement with the mass determined by Maxted et al. from radial velocity measurements (0.053 ± 0.006 M⊙), and supports an evolutionary scenario in which the brown dwarf survived a previous phase of common envelope evolution which resulted in the formation of this close binary. The brown dwarf is the lowest mass companion to a white dwarf yet found, and the lowest mass object known to have survived a common envelope phase. At 1300 &lt; Teff &lt; 1400 K WD 0137-349B is also the coolest known companion to a white dwarf. At a separation a= 0.65 R⊙ the hemisphere of the brown dwarf facing the 16 500 K white dwarf is being heated through irradiation. We discuss the possible effects of this additional heating, with particular relevance to those other close binaries with substellar companions, the hot Jupiters. We propose future observations to investigate the likely temperature differences between the ‘day’ and ‘night’ sides of the brown dwarf.
Distinct Neural Correlates for Resolving Stroop Conflict at Inhibited and Noninhibited Locations in Inhibition of Return
Authors: Chen Qi , Wei Ping , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
It is well documented that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are intensively involved in conflict control. However, it remains unclear how these “executive” brain regions will act when the conflict control process interacts with spatial attentional orienting. In the classical spatial cueing paradigm [Posner, M. I., & Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. In H. Bouma & D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance X (pp. 531–556). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum], response to a target is delayed when it appears at the cued location compared with at the uncued location, if the time interval between the cue and the target is greater than 300 msec. This effect of inhibition of return (IOR) can alter the resolution of Stroop conflict such that the Stroop interference effect disappears at the cued (inhibited) location [Vivas, A. B., & Fuentes, L. J. Stroop interference is affected in inhibition of return. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 315–323, 2001]. In this event-related functional magnetic resonance study, we investigate the differential neural mechanisms underlying interactions between pre-response interference, response interference, and spatial orienting. Two types of Stroop words [incongruent response-eligible words (IE), incongruent response-ineligible words (II)] and neutral words were presented either at the cued or uncued location. The significant pre-response interference at the uncued location activated the left rostral ACC as compared with at the cued location. Moreover, although the IE words which have conflicts at both pre-response and response levels did not cause significant behavioral interference at the cued location, they activated the left DLPFC as compared with at the uncued location. Furthermore, neutral words showed significant IOR effects behaviorally, and they activated the left frontal eye field (FEF) at the uncued location relative to the cued location. These results suggest that the left rostral ACC is involved in the interaction between pre-response conflict and IOR, whereas the left DLPFC is involved in the interaction between response conflict and IOR. Moreover, the FEF is involved in shifting attentional focus to novel locations during spatial search.
Gene-expression profiling and array-based CGH classify CD4+CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm and cutaneous myelomonocytic leukemia as distinct disease entities
Authors: Dijkman Remco , van Doorn Remco , Szuhai Károly , Willemze Rein , Vermeer Maarten H. , Tensen Cornelis P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCD4+CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm (CD4+CD56+HN) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy with distinct clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features that commonly involve the skin, bone marrow, and blood. Differentiation from cutaneous myelomonocytic leukemia (c-AML) may be exceedingly difficult and requires extensive phenotyping. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of CD4+CD56+HN are largely unresolved. Moreover, recurrent chromosomal alterations have not yet been precisely defined in CD4+CD56+HN and c-AML. In the present study an integrated genomic analysis using expression profiling and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed on lesional skin biopsy samples of patients with CD4+CD56+HN and c-AML. Our results demonstrate that CD4+CD56+HN and c-AML show distinct gene-expression profiles and distinct patterns of chromosomal aberrations. CD4+CD56+HN is characterized by recurrent deletion of regions on chromosome 4 (4q34), chromosome 9 (9p13-p11 and 9q12-q34), and chromosome 13 (13q12-q31) that contain several tumor suppressor genes with diminished expression (Rb1, LATS2). Elevated expression of the oncogenes HES6, RUNX2, and FLT3 was found but was not associated with genomic amplification. We noted high expression of various plasmacytoid dendritic-cell (pDC)–related genes, pointing to the cell of origin of this malignancy.
Orientation of endothelial cell division is regulated by VEGF signaling during blood vessel formation
Authors: Zeng Gefei , Taylor Sarah M. , McColm Janet R. , Kappas Nicholas C. , Kearney Joseph B. , Williams Lucy H. , Hartnett Mary E. , Bautch Victoria L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNew blood vessel formation requires the coordination of endothelial cell division and the morphogenetic movements of vessel expansion, but it is not known how this integration occurs. Here, we show that endothelial cells regulate division orientation during the earliest stages of blood vessel formation, in response to morphogenetic cues. In embryonic stem (ES) cell–derived vessels that do not experience flow, the plane of endothelial cytokinesis was oriented perpendicular to the vessel long axis. We also demonstrated regulated cleavage orientation in vivo, in flow-exposed forming retinal vessels. Daughter nuclei moved away from the cleavage plane after division, suggesting that regulation of endothelial division orientation effectively extends vessel length in these developing vascular beds. A gain-of-function mutation in VEGF signaling increased randomization of endothelial division orientation, and this effect was rescued by a transgene, indicating that regulation of division orientation is a novel mechanism whereby VEGF signaling affects vessel morphogenesis. Thus, our findings show that endothelial cell division and morphogenesis are integrated in developing vessels by flow-independent mechanisms that involve VEGF signaling, and this cross talk is likely to be critical to proper vessel morphogenesis.
The effects of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on coagulation activation
Authors: Bouman Catherine SC , de Pont Anne-Cornélie JM , Meijers Joost CM , Bakhtiari Kamran , Roem Dorina , Zeerleder Sacha , Wolbink Gertjan , Korevaar Johanna C , Levi Marcel , de Jonge Evert 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Introduction
The mechanism of coagulation activation during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) has not yet been elucidated. Insight into the mechanism(s) of hemostatic activation within the extracorporeal circuit could result in a more rational approach to anticoagulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CVVH using cellulose triacetate filters causes activation of the contact factor pathway or of the tissue factor pathway of coagulation. In contrast to previous studies, CVVH was performed without anticoagulation.

Methods
Ten critically ill patients were studied prior to the start of CVVH and at 5, 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours thereafter, for measurement of prothrombin fragment F1+2, soluble tissue factor, activated factor VII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, kallikrein–C1-inhibitor and activated factor XII–C1-inhibitor complexes, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor type I, plasmin–antiplasmin complexes, protein C and antithrombin.

Results
During the study period the prothrombin fragment F1+2 levels increased significantly in four patients (defined as group A) and did not change in six patients (defined as group B). Group A also showed a rapid increase in transmembrane pressure, indicating clotting within the filter. At baseline, the activated partial thromboplastin time, the prothrombin time and the kallikrein–C1-inhibitor complex and activated factor XII–C1-inhibitor complex levels were significantly higher in group B, whereas the platelet count was significantly lower in group B. For the other studied markers the differences between group A and group B at baseline were not statistically significant. During CVVH the difference in the time course between group A and group B was not statistically significant for the markers of the tissue factor system (soluble tissue factor, activated factor VII and tissue factor pathway inhibitor), for the markers of the contact system (kallikrein–C1-inhibitor and activated factor XII–C1-inhibitor complexes) and for the markers of the fibrinolytic system (plasmin–antiplasmin complexes, tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type I).

Conclusion
Early thrombin generation was detected in a minority of intensive care patients receiving CVVH without anticoagulation. Systemic concentrations of markers of the tissue factor system and of the contact system did not change during CVVH. To elucidate the mechanism of clot formation during CVVH we suggest that future studies are needed that investigate the activation of coagulation directly at the site of the filter. Early coagulation during CVVH may be related to lower baseline levels of markers of contact activation.
The anatomy and complications of “t” versus vertical closure of the hypopharynx after laryngectomy
Authors: Davis R. Kim , Vincent Miriam E. , Shapshay Stanley M. , Strong M. Stuart 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe early postoperative hypopharyngeal anatomy of 37 consecutive patients undergoing total laryngectomy at the Boston Veteran's Administration Hospital between July 1977 and April 1980 was studied by barium swallow radiographs and correlated with the technique of closure. The “pseudoepiglottis,” a structure radiographically resembling a normal epiglottis, was seen arising from the anterior hypopharynx near the base of the tongue in 21 of 28 evaluable patients. It occurred in all patients with vertical closures vs. 67% of patients with a “T” shaped closure. The average length in the “T” closure group was 9.6 mm (range 0.35) vs. 18.4 mm (6.40) in the vertical group, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05).Radiologic strictures occurred in 39% of all patients, dysphagia in 29%, fistulae in 18%, and sinus tracts in 14%. All complications occurred more frequently in the vertical closure group. Patients who received preoperative cis‐platinum bleomycin chemotherapy and postoperative irradiation had 50% dysphagia and 67% stricture rates.The average ratio of the width of the retropharyngeal space to that of C4 was 0.48 in stricture patients 08. 0.29 in non‐stricture patients (statistically significant at the p<0.01 level). This ratio taken in the early postoperative period may help predict which patients will develop strictures.
Ear, nose, and throat — Head and neck surgery in a tropical region
Authors: Murphy James P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBurkitt's lymphoma, onchocerciasis, and scleroma are discussed in this paper as well as other presentations which include tuberculosis cervical adenitis, chloroquin induced hearing loss, and chronic otitis media resulting from measles and malnutrition. Due to the rapidity and ease of world travel today, knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of tropical diseases are important for the American otolaryngologist.
Adherence of microorganisms in infections of the respiratory tract
Authors: Dudley James P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough upper respiratory infections are a cause of significant morbidity, the mechanism by which microorganisms have a toxic effect on these mucosal surfaces is only beginning to be understood. Human and animal research has indicated that microbial adherence to the host cell is one of the initial elements responsible for microbial toxicity to respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelium. The role played by adherence is governed by a variety of host and microbial factors. A clearer understanding of the role of these factors should help to promote methods of interfering with this toxic process and thus limit morbidity produced by these infections.
Endoscopic treatment of the hypopharyngeal diverticulum: 211 cases
Authors: Van Overbeek Jos J. M. , Hoeksema Paul E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is somewhat surprising that endoscopic treatment of hypopharyngeal diverticula has failed to become as widely known as the method merits in our opinion. In principle we use the Dohlman procedure. The septum between diverticulum and esophageal lumen is divided with a diathermic knife after electrocoagulation. In larger diverticula we prefer to divide the tissue bridge in several sessions. Endoscopic treatment (under local anesthesia, if necessary) can be carried out in patients whose general condition is poor.From 1964 until 1980 we have endoscopically treated 211 patients, including 6 patients with a recurrent diverticulum after transcutaneous surgery. The complication rate is low and the complications were successfully controlled except in 1 patient, who died from cardiac failure 2 days after operation. Ultimately 193 patients (91.5%) are very satisfied and 17 patients (8%) are fairly satisfied with the therapeutic result. We feel justified in maintaining that endoscopic treatment of hypopharyngeal diverticula can be regarded as a good method of treatment.
Fulminant infections of odontogenic origin
Authors: Dierks Eric J. , Meyerhoff William L. , Schultz Barbara , Finn Rick 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe dentition is a common source of infection in the head and neck and most odontogenic infections respond uneventfully to proper dental therapy. Some more fulminant odontogenic infections can produce complications including airway obstruction, necrotizing fasciitis, and extension of the infection to the orbits, intracranial structures, and thorax.Six such cases treated by the authors are presented and recommendations for management including aggressive antimicrobial, therapy‐based bacteriology and surgical drainage and debridement are made.
Trichinosis presenting as a neck mass
Authors: Snyderman Nancy L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTrichinosis is a rare cause of a neck mass, but should be considered by the physician when contemplating a differential diagnosis. This disease is still endemic in parts of the world and is directly related to the ingestion of incompletely cooked pork. A case is presented in which a 68‐year‐old man was diagnosed as having a squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible only to have trichinosis diagnosed on the final pathologic report. The case presentation is followed by a historical review and discussion.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone
Authors: Green J. Douglas , Marion Mitchell S. , Erickson Bradley J. , Robb Richard A. , Hinojosa Raùl 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudy of the complex anatomy and pathology of the temporal bone has traditionally used microscopy which permits analysis in only two dimensions. Recent advances in bioimaging technology have permitted visualization and reconstruction of computed tomography images in three dimensions. We have developed a technique that applies this technology in the imaging and reconstruction of human temporal bones. Data taken from serial histologic sections of the temporal bone are entered into a computer. The sections are edited and, through the use of specially developed software, a realistic three‐dimensional reconstruction is produced. The reconstructed image can be rotated along any of three axes, and structures within the temporal bone can be isolated for more detailed analysis. Applications for the study of pathologic conditions of the temporal bone will be discussed.
Analysis of gender differences in the auditory brainstem response
Authors: Dehan Christopher P. , Jerger James 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examined the effects of hormones, head size, and oral temperatures on latencies and amplitudes of the auditory brainstem response in 10 young women, 10 young men, and 5 postmenopausal women. Significant gender differences between men's and women's auditory brainstem responses were confirmed. Men showed longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than women. Results showed that oral temperature has little effect on auditory brainstem response latencies and amplitudes. Head size affects waves III, V, and the amplitude of wave V, but is not entirely responsible for the gender latency difference. By examining young women with normal monthly hormonal cycles, significant changes in the absolute latencies of wave V were observed. These changes were correlated with hormonal changes as measured from venous blood samples. It was concluded that the etiology of the gender difference is a combination of hormonal and head‐size differences.
Managing temporomandibular joint syndrome
Authors: Hodges John M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPain in the temporomandibular joint is primarily responsible for the morbidity often associated with this syndrome. Of the 448 cases in this study, 48% presented as ear pain and 46% complained of either headache, sinus pain, or neck pain. Temporomandibular joint pain and mastication muscle tenderness elicited with palpation were frequent physical findings.In this review, temporomandibular joint syndrome was successfully managed in 75% of 448 cases with conservative treatment consisting of patient education, heat, massage, non‐narcotic analgesics, and occlusal splints. Seventeen percent were referred to dentists for restorations or orthodontics. The success rate for the 6% who underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and/or open joint surgery with disc replacement was 67%.Therefore, patients with ear pain or head and neck pain require an objective evaluation of medical history and physical examination to obtain the correct diagnosis and subsequent correct treatment and pain relief. Early diagnosis helps to prevent changes in the joint that can become irreversible with intractable pain. Surgery is reserved for those patients who fail to respond to conservative management.