bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral carotid body tumor: The role of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Rosa Marilin , Sahoo Sunati 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCarotid body (CB) is a round to ovoid or flattened structure situated within the adventitia of the common carotid artery bifurcation on both sides of the neck. CB contains two basic types of cells: chief cells (or glomus type 1) and sustentacular cells (glomus type 2). Carotid body tumor (CBT) or paraganglioma arises from the chief cells of the carotid body. The diagnosis of CBT is typically made with radiological studies. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is seldom requested for this purpose due to rare but dreadful reported complications such as hemorrhage and damage to the carotid artery. In this report we discuss the cytological findings of a malignant CBT diagnosed by FNAB in a 22 year‐old female. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:178–180. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of disseminated sporotrichosis: A case report
Authors: Gerhard Renê , de Moscoso Patrícia Carrasco , Gabbi Tatiana Villas Boas , Valente Neusa Yuriko Sakai 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this report, we describe a case of disseminated sporotrichosis that was diagnosed by fine–needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The cytologic smears exhibited a large number of macrophages, few polymorphonuclear neutrophils and numerous round or oval, sometimes elongated, isolated and scattered yeast‐like structures localized extracellularly or inside macrophages. These structures were clearly visualized by Giemsa and Papanicolaou methods. Cultures from skin biopsy material revealed fungal colonies which were subsequently identified as Sporothrix schenckii. The cytologic aspects, the correlation with histologic findings and the differential cytologic diagnosis were reviewed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:174–177. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of the ThinPrep Imaging System: Clinical experience in a low risk screening population
Authors: Papillo Jacalyn L. , St. John Timothy L. , Leiman Gladwyn 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Cytyc ThinPrep Imaging System was FDA approved based on a multi‐institutional clinical trial, in which the HSIL+ prevalence rate was 0.7%. This study determines the effectiveness of the Imager in clinical practice at an academic medical center with a historical HSIL+ rate of 0.25%. Cytological interpretations were compared for two 12‐month periods pre‐ and post‐Imager implementation. Data was compiled by cytologic diagnoses, and variations in prevalence rates were analyzed for statistical significance. Interpretations of ASC‐US, ASC‐H, and LSIL were correlated with Digene Hybrid Capture2 High Risk HPV DNA testing; interpretations of ASC‐H, LSIL, and HSIL+ were correlated with subsequent surgical follow‐up. ASC‐US, ASC‐H, and LSIL detection rates increased 34, 48, and 29%, respectively, with the Imager (P < 0.001); whereas the detection of HSIL increased 24% (P < 0.051). Surgical correlation revealed no statistical differences in the positive predictive value (PPV) for ASC‐H and LSIL. However, an increase in the PPV of HSIL was found (P < 0.05). High risk HPV results were lower for ASC‐US (P < 0.001), but statistically equivalent for ASC‐H and LSIL. Results of surgical correlation and HPV testing validated an increase in detection rates of ASC‐H, LSIL, and HSIL, as well as increased PPV of HSIL with the ThinPrep Imaging System. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:155–160. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymer‐Immobilized Pyrrolidine‐Based Chiral Ionic Liquids as Recyclable Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael Additions to Nitrostyrenes under Solvent‐Free Reaction Conditions
Authors: Li Pinhua , Wang Lei , Wang Min , Zhang Yicheng 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA polymer immobilized pyrrolidine‐based chiral ionic liquid 5a was synthesized and was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Michael additions of ketones and aldehydes to nitrostyrenes, which afforded the corresponding adducts in good yields (up to 97 %), excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) and high diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 dr) under solvent‐free reaction conditions. In addition, the catalyst 5a could be reused at least eight times without a significant loss of its catalytic activity and stereoselectivity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Continuous Flow Reactors, a Tool for the Modern Synthetic Chemist
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe competitive nature of the chemical industry means that researchers involved in product development and lead compound generation are under continued pressure to identify, and develop, promising programmes of research in order to secure vital intellectual property. The potential of a compound, however, depends not only on structural complexity, but also on the ability to prepare the compound via a scalable synthetic pathway. Consequently, micro reaction and continuous flow technologies have captured the attention of the modern synthetic chemist as they enable reactions to beperformed with an unprecedented level of control, affording excellent transferability between laboratory based investigations and subsequent production scales. With these features in mind, this Microreview focuses on recent developments made in the field of micro reaction technology, highlighting the advantages associated with its use through the synthesis of a diverse array of molecules.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis, Optical Properties and Magnetic Studies of 2,6‐Bis(pyrazolylmethyl)pyridine Functionalized with Two Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals
Authors: Zoppellaro Giorgio , Geies Ahmed , Andersson K. Kristoffer , Enkelmann Volker , Baumgarten Martin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe synthesis, optical properties, spin‐polarization path and magnetic ground‐state studies of a novel nitronyl nitroxide biradical system based on the 2,6‐bis(pyrazolylmethyl)pyridine unit is reported. Besides the presence of σ conjugation and a non‐alternant pathway for spin polarization through the core as a coupling unit, the through‐bond ferromagnetic interaction between spin carriers, although weak (0.06 cm–1 < ΔEST = 2J/kB < 0.6 cm–1), is preserved. It vanishes (2J/kB ≈ 0) upon coordination with Zn2+ metal ions, but is restored upon Zn2+ depletion with EDTA. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Statistical evaluation of mobility curves of univalent weak acids
Authors: Šlampová Andrea , Boček Petr 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper brings a new rigorous and complete statistical approach to the data processing of the mobility curves of univalent weak acids. It is based on a fundamental equation for the mobility curve, on applying the mathematical principle of the best fit, derivation of the related nonlinear equation and finding the mathematical solution of it which gives the best estimates of the mobility curve parameters. The mathematical procedure presented here does not impose any limitations upon the numerical data used, i.e., the experimental values of mobilities and pH may be real numbers (positive, negative, zero). Further, rigorous explicit statistical formulas are derived for SDs of effective mobility, dissociation constant, and ionic mobility of fully ionized anion in question.
Forecast covariances in the linear multiregression dynamic model
Authors: Queen Catriona M. , Wright Ben J. , Albers Casper J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe linear multiregression dynamic model (LMDM) is a Bayesian dynamic model which preserves any conditional independence and causal structure across a multivariate time series. The conditional independence structure is used to model the multivariate series by separate (conditional) univariate dynamic linear models, where each series has contemporaneous variables as regressors in its model. Calculating the forecast covariance matrix (which is required for calculating forecast variances in the LMDM) is not always straightforward in its current formulation. In this paper we introduce a simple algebraic form for calculating LMDM forecast covariances. Calculation of the covariance between model regression components can also be useful and we shall present a simple algebraic method for calculating these component covariances. In the LMDM formulation, certain pairs of series are constrained to have zero forecast covariance. We shall also introduce a possible method to relax this restriction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams
Authors: Amirav Aviv , Gordin Alexander , Poliak Marina , Fialkov Alexander B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named Supersonic GC‐MS) is based on GC and MS interface with SMBs and on the electron ionization (EI) of vibrationally cold analytes in the SMBs (cold EI) in a fly‐through ion source. This ion source is inherently inert and further characterized by fast response and vacuum background filtration capability. The same ion source offers three modes of ionization including cold EI, classical EI and cluster chemical ionization (CI). Cold EI, as a main mode, provides enhanced molecular ions combined with an effective library sample identification, which is supplemented and complemented by a powerful isotope abundance analysis method and software. The range of low‐volatility and thermally labile compounds amenable for analysis is significantly increased owing to the use of the contact‐free, fly‐through ion source and the ability to lower sample elution temperatures through the use of high column carrier gas flow rates. Effective, fast GC‐MS is enabled particularly owing to the possible use of high column flow rates and improved system selectivity in view of the enhancement of the molecular ion. This fast GC‐MS with SMB can be further improved via the added selectivity of MS‐MS, which by itself benefits from the enhancement of the molecular ion, the most suitable parent ion for MS‐MS. Supersonic GC‐MS is characterized by low limits of detection (LOD), and its sensitivity is superior to that of standard GC‐MS, particularly for samples that are hard for analysis. The GC separation of the Supersonic GC‐MS can be improved with pulsed flow modulation (PFM) GC × GC‐MS. Electron ionization LC‐MS with SMB can also be combined with the Supersonic GC‐MS, with fast and easy switching between these two modes of operation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidences for charge‐transfer complex formation in the benzene adsorption on sulfated TiO2–a resonance Raman spectroscopy investigation
Authors: Noda L. K. , Rosales R. , Gonçalves N. S. , Sala O. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBenzene adsorbed on highly acidic sulfated TiO2 (S‐TiO2) shows an intriguing resonance Raman (RR) effect, with excitation in the blue‐violet region. There are very interesting spectral features: the preferential enhancement of the e2g mode (1595 cm−1) in relation to the a1g mode (ring‐breathing mode at 995 cm−1) and the appearance of bands at 1565 and 1514 cm−1. The band at 1565 cm−1 is probably one of the components of the e2g split band, originally a doubly degenerate mode (8a, 8b) in neat benzene, and the band at 1514 cm−1 is assigned to the 19a mode, an inactive mode in neat benzene. These facts indicate a lowering of symmetry in adsorbed benzene, which may be caused by a strong interaction between S‐TiO2 and the benzene molecule with formation of a benzene to Ti (IV) charge transfer (CT) complex or by the formation of a benzene radical cation species. However, the RR spectra of the adsorbed benzene cannot be assigned to the benzene radical cation because the observed wavenumber of the ring‐breathing mode does not have the value expected for this species. Moreover, it was found by ESR measurements that the amount of radicals was very low, and so it was concluded that a CT complex is the species that originates the RR spectra. The most favorable intensification of the band at 1595 cm−1 in the RR spectra of benzene/S‐TiO2 at higher excitation energy corroborates this hypothesis, as an absorption band in this energy range, assigned to a CT transition, is observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aperture based Raman spectroscopy on SiGe film structures with high spatial resolution
Authors: Mai A. , Zhu L. , Hecker M. , Rinderknecht J. , Georgi C. , Ritz Y. , Zschech E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have investigated silicon–germanium (SiGe) line structures employing metallic apertures in combination with Raman spectroscopy to obtain high‐spatial strain resolution below the diffraction limit. The apertures were cut into specifically shaped electrochemically etched tungsten tips, which were adjusted within the Raman laser beam on the sample surface by a tuning fork atomic force microscope. With this setup, line structures on patterned SiGe films with a center‐to‐center distance down to 200 nm were resolved in the Raman scans, evidently indicating a resolution clearly below the far‐field Raman resolution of about 600 nm for the used instrument. This setup allows improved local strain analysis by Raman spectroscopy and shows potential for further near‐field Raman applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver‐bacterial cellulosic sponges as active SERS substrates
Authors: Marques Paula A. A. P. , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Pinto Ricardo J. B. , Neto Carlos Pascoal , Trindade Tito 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSynthetic Ag‐bacterial cellulose nanocomposites are reported here and their performance as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates was investigated using thiosalicylic acid and 2,2′‐dithiodipyridine as analytes. These nanocomposite materials act as natural sponges when immersed in aqueous or ethanolic solutions allowing capture and SERS detection of certain dissolved molecules. The detection limits for the above organic analytes reached concentrations as low as 10−4 mol·dm−3 and are considerably lower than the conventional vegetable cellulose analogs. Furthermore, we anticipate that the use of these nanocomposites has a beneficial consequence for the development of handy and active cellulosic SERS substrates, in particular for bioanalysis, as we experimentally demonstrated by testing the amino acids L‐phenylalanine, L‐glutamin and L‐histidine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Raman spectroscopic and combined analytical approach to the restoration of severely damaged frescoes: the Palomino project
Authors: Edwards Howell G. M. , Doménech‐Carbó M. Teresa , Hargreaves Michael D. , Doménech‐ Carbó Antonio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe deterioration of art objects is normally relatively minor, controllable and attributable to environmental changes or bacterial invasion, and until now there has not been any recorded attempt to analyse an artwork that has been deliberately and significantly destroyed. The analytical problems are correspondingly larger but the potential reward from any information that can be forthcoming is thereby proportionately greater. The 17th Century Palomino frescoes on the vaulted ceiling of the Church of Sant Joan del Mercat in Valencia were largely destroyed by insurgents in the Spanish Civil War in 1936. The ensuing gunfire and a series of seven conflagrations inside the church had a devastating effect upon the artwork, and the surviving areas were also rendered unstable with respect to their detachment from the substrate. During the current restoration project being undertaken on these frescoes, an opportunity was provided for the application of several analytical techniques to secure information about the original pigment palette employed, the technology of application used by Palomino and the changes consequent upon the destruction process. Here, we report for the first time the use of analytical Raman spectroscopy, supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and voltammetry of microparticles, for the combined identification of pigments, binders, substrate treatments and pigment alteration in an important, although badly damaged, wall painting for the informing of the ongoing conservation and restoration strategy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectral detection and assessment of thin organic layers on metal substrates: systematic approach from substrate preparation to map evaluation
Authors: Člupek Martin , Prokopec Vadym , Matějka Pavel , Volka Karel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRaman spectral mapping of thin organic layers on metal substrates is an important analytical tool to characterize these systems. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a suitable technique for analysis of such layers. Development of new SERS‐active surfaces with repeatable properties and without disturbing adsorbed species is one of the important steps for reliable assessment of the thin organic layers designed. This paper presents new SERS‐active substrates suitable for both macro (millimeter scale) and microscopic (micrometer scale) spectral mapping, which allow easy regeneration for repetitive experiments. Both gold and silver SERS‐active surfaces prepared by electrochemical deposition were tested. Complete map data evaluation utilities were newly designed and applied, using both ordinarily used and newly modified mathematical algorithms and chemometric procedures. Evaluation of data starts with finite impulse response (FIR) filtration algorithms to eliminate spectral interferences in individual spectra. Principal component analysis was used for transformation of multidimensional data to understandable dimensions. Various mathematical/statistical techniques were then used for data visualization as spectral maps and for similarity testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemagglutinating activity and corresponding putative sequence identity from Curcuma aromatica rhizome
Authors: Tiptara Ponpimol , Petsom Amorn , Roengsumran Sophon , Sangvanich Polkit 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Curcuma aromatica is a medicinal plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family with an incomplete genome sequence. It has been reported that extract from the rhizome of this plant contains haemagglutinating activity. In this study the profile of fractions containing hemagglutinating activity is described.RESULTS: Following extraction with saline buffer, the protein solution was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Ion‐exchange chromatography was completed on fast‐flow SP‐Sepharose, as well as gel filtration chromatography on Superdex 75. The active fractions were then separated by one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and labeled proteins were digested with trypsin. The digest bands were analyzed by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry. Inferred peptide sequences were used in Mascot searching and mass spectrometry‐driven BLAST (MS‐BLAST) homology searches allowed the recognition of related proteins in other species of Viridiplantae. Six putative proteins from nine bands showed similarity with lectin sequences.CONCLUSION: This study reports the identification of six lectins from the Curcuma aromatica rhizome achieved by mass spectrometry using MS‐BLAST algorithms to search for homology between de novo determined peptide sequences and protein sequences available in sequence databases. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in clinical pharmacological oncology research
Authors: Brouwers Elke E.M. , Tibben Matthijs , Rosing H. , Schellens Jan H.M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMetal‐based anticancer agents are frequently used in the treatment of a wide variety of cancer types. The monitoring of these anticancer agents in biological samples is important to understand their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and metabolism. In addition, determination of metals originating from anticancer agents is relevant to assess occupational exposure of health care personnel working with these drugs. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) has resulted in an increased popularity of this technique for the analysis of metal‐based anticancer drugs. In addition to the quantitative analysis of the metal of interest in a sample, ICP‐MS can be used as an ultrasensitive metal selective detector in combination with speciation techniques such as liquid chromatography. In the current review we provide a systematic survey of publications describing the analysis of platinum‐ and ruthenium‐containing anticancer agents using ICP‐MS, focused on the determination of total metal concentrations and on the speciation of metal compounds in biological fluids, DNA‐ and protein‐adducts, and environmental samples. We conclude that ICP‐MS is a powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of metal‐based anticancer agents from multiple sample sources. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 27:67–100, 2008
Sodium imaging optimization under specific absorption rate constraint
Authors: Stobbe Robert , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe concept of sodium imaging RF pulse parameter optimization for signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) under specific absorption rate (SAR) constraints is introduced. This optimization concept is unique to sodium imaging, as sodium exhibits ultrarapid T2 relaxation in vivo, and involves minimizing echo time (TE). For 3D radial k‐space acquisition, minimizing TE (and T2 loss) requires minimizing the RF pulse length. SNR optimization also involves exploiting rapid T1 relaxation with shortened repetition time (TR) values. However, especially at higher fields, both RF pulse length and TR are constrained by SAR, which is also dependent on the flip angle. Quantum mechanical simulations were performed for SAR equivalent sets of RF pulse length, TR, and flip angle. It was determined that an SNR advantage is associated with a spoiled steady‐state approach to sodium imaging with radial acquisition even though significantly longer RF pulses (and TE) are required to implement this approach under the SAR constraint at 4.7T. This advantage, compared to RF pulse sequences implementing ultrashort echo times, 90° flip angles, and longer repetition times, was confirmed in healthy volunteers (measured SNR increase of ≈38%) and used to produce excellent quality sodium images of the human brain. Magn Reson Med 59:345–355, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventricular shape biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in clinical MR images
Authors: Ferrarini Luca , Palm Walter M. , Olofsen Hans , van der Landen Roald , van Buchem Mark A. , Reiber Johan H.C. , Admiraal‐Behloul Faiza 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to identify ventricular shape‐based biomarkers in MR images to discriminate between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy elderly. Clinical MR images were collected for 58 patients and 28 age‐matched healthy controls. After normalizing all the images the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was semiautomatically extracted for each subject and an innovative technique for fully automatic shape modeling was applied to generate comparable meshes of all ventricles. The search for potential biomarkers was carried out with repeated permutation tests: results highlighted well‐defined areas of the ventricular surface being discriminating features for AD: the left inferior medial temporal horn, the right medial temporal horn (superior and inferior), and the areas close to the left anterior part of the corpus callosum and the head of the right caudate nucleus. The biomarkers were then used as features to build an intelligent machine for AD detection: a Support Vector Machine was trained on AD and healthy subjects and subsequently tested with leave‐1‐out experiments and validation tests on previously unseen cases. The results showed a sensitivity of 76% for AD, with an overall accuracy of 84%, proving that suitable biomarkers for AD can be detected in clinical MR images. Magn Reson Med 59:260–267, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.