bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained ‘mentally demanding’ tasks
Authors: Reay Jonathon L. , Kennedy David O. , Scholey Andrew B. 
Published: October 2006

Single doses of the traditional herbal treatment Panax ginseng have recently been shown to lower blood glucose levels and elicit cognitive improvements in healthy, overnight-fasted volunteers. The specific mechanisms responsible for these effects are not known. However, cognitive improvements may be related to the glycaemic properties of Panax ginseng. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced-crossover design, 27 healthy young adults completed a 10 minute “cognitive demand” test battery at baseline. They then consumed capsules containing either ginseng (extract G115) or a placebo and 30 minutes later a drink containing glucose or placebo. A further 30 minutes later (i.e. 60 minutes post-baseline/capsules) they completed the “cognitive demand” battery six times in immediate succession. Depending on the condition to which the participant was allocated on that particular day, the combination of capsules/drink treatments corresponded to a dose of: 0mg G115/0mg glucose (placebo); 200mg G115/0mg glucose (ginseng); 0mg G115/25g glucose (glucose) or 200mg G115/25g glucose (ginseng/glucose combination). The 10 minute “cognitive demand” battery comprised a Serial Threes subtraction task (2 min); a Serial Sevens subtraction task (2 min); a Rapid Visual Information Processing task (5 min); and a “mental fatigue” visual analogue scale. Blood glucose levels were measured prior to the day's treatment, and before and after the post-dose completions of the battery. The results showed that both Panax ginseng and glucose enhanced performance of a mental arithmetic task and ameliorated the increase in subjective feelings of mental fatigue experienced by participants during the later stages of the sustained, cognitively demanding task performance. Accuracy of performing the Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP) was also improved following the glucose load. There was no evidence of a synergistic relationship between Panax ginseng and exogenous glucose ingestion on any cognitive outcome measure. Panax ginseng caused a reduction in blood glucose levels 1 hour following consumption when ingested without glucose. These results confirm that Panax ginseng may possess glucoregulatory properties and can enhance cognitive performance.
Automatic Middleware Deployment Planning On Clusters
Authors: Chouhan Pushpinder Kaur , Dail Holly , Caron Eddy , Vivien Frédéric 
Published: October 2006

The use of remotely distributed computing resources as a single system offers great potential for compute-intensive applications. Increasingly, users have access to hundreds or thousands of machines at once and wish to utilize those resources concurrently. To provide a reasonable user experience, such systems must provide an effective, scalable scheduling system. Unfortunately, the great majority of job schedulers are centralized and many do not scale well to thousands or even hundreds of nodes. In this paper we study how distributed scheduling systems can be designed most effectively; we focus on the problem of selecting an optimal arrangement of schedulers, or a deployment, for hierarchically organized systems. We show that the optimal deployment is a complete spanning d-ary tree; this result conforms with results from the scheduling literature. More importantly, we present an approach for determining the optimal degree d for the tree. To test our approach, we use DIET, a middleware system that uses hierarchical schedulers. We develop detailed performance models for DIET and validate these models in a real-world environment. Finally, we demonstrate that our approach selects deployments that are near-optimal in practice.
A Pragmatic Analysis Of Scheduling Environments On New Computing Platforms
Authors: Eyraud Lionel 
Published: October 2006

Today, large scale parallel systems are available at relatively low cost. Many powerful such systems have been installed all over the world and the number of users is always increasing. The use of such clusters requires special administration tools, which have been developed recently and most frequently rely on intuitive heuristics to solve the underlying difficult scheduling problems. On the other hand, recent theoretical work has designed a number of models, such as the Parallel Task model, specifically aimed at cluster environments. The objective of this work is to study and analyze the path from theoretical models and algorithms to their implementation on an actual environment on a real platform. We outline in detail the divergences between classical models and a real batch scheduling system, and propose solutions to adapt a theoretically well-founded algorithm to such a system. Experimental results show that this implementation performs about as well as FCFS with backfilling, and much better in the difficult instances. We hope that further usage of this algorithm in a live system will show that interaction between theory and practice can be fruitful.
Identifying reliable change in tactile temporal thresholds in multiple sclerosis: test-retest reliability
Authors: Brown L N , Metz L M , Eliasziw M 
Published: October 2006

Background Tactile temporal thresholds are typically significantly higher (ie, prolonged) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients when compared to controls and increase significantly during relapses, probably reflecting integrity of conduction across a portion of the corpus callosum. As part of an ongoing validation study of tactile temporal thresholds, the test-retest reliability of these thresholds was examined in patients with MS. Methods Tactile temporal thresholds were measured in 61 MS patients during two separate test sessions within three weeks. Test-retest reliability and the standard error of measurement were calculated. The threshold of change in tactile temporal thresholds in MS patients that would correspond to real change beyond measurement error with 95% certainty was also calculated. Results The test-retest reliability of this measure of tactile temporal thresholds was 0.93. The threshold indicating change beyond chance or measurement error with 95% certainty was 19 ms. Conclusions This measure of tactile temporal thresholds has excellent test - retest reliability and a change of greater than 19 ms is highly likely to represent real change. This measure is promising as a precise, reliable outcome measure in MS.
Classification of multiple sclerosis patients by latent class analysis of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics
Authors: Zwemmer J NP , Berkhof J , Castelijns J A , Barkhof F , Polman C H , Uitdehaag B MJ 
Published: October 2006

Background Disease heterogeneity is a major issue in multiple sclerosis (MS). Classification of MS patients is usually based on clinical characteristics. More recently, a pathological classification has been presented. While clinical subtypes differ by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signature on a group level, a classification of individual MS patients based purely on MRI characteristics has not been presented so far. Objectives To investigate whether a restricted classification of MS patients can be made based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative MRI characteristics and to test whether the resulting subgroups are associated with clinical and laboratory characteristics. Methods MRI examinations of the brain and spinal cord of 50 patients were scored for 21 quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Using latent class analysis, subgroups were identified, for whom disease characteristics and laboratory measures were compared. Results Latent class analysis revealed two subgroups that mainly differed in the extent of lesion confluency and MRI correlates of neuronal loss in the brain. Demographics and disease characteristics were comparable except for cognitive deficits. No correlations with laboratory measures were found. Conclusions Latent class analysis offers a feasible approach for classifying subgroups of MS patients based on the presence of MRI characteristics. The reproducibility, longitudinal evolution and further clinical or prognostic relevance of the observed classification will have to be explored in a larger and independent sample of patients.
Clinical impact of 20% worsening on Timed 25-foot Walk and 9-hole Peg Test in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kragt J J , van der Linden F AH , Nielsen J M , Uitdehaag B MJ , Polman C H 
Published: October 2006

Introduction: Quantitative tests of motor function, like the Timed 25-foot Walk (T25FW) and 9-hole Peg Test (9HPT), are increasingly being applied as outcome measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. The quantitative nature of the data has a favorable impact on responsiveness, but the clinical impact of the changes is uncertain. The goal of this study was to assess whether a change on T25FW and 9HPT does indeed have a clinical meaning. This was accomplished by comparing 20% changes on these quantitative measurements to concomitant changes on the Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale (GNDS), a scale which measures patient-perceived daily life disability. Methods: From a longitudinal database, we selected patients with at least two measurements of T25FW, 9HPT and GNDS with a minimal time interval of 350 days. In those patients who experienced at least a 20% change on T25FW or 9HPT, GNDS score changes were examined more closely. Results: Of 527 patients, 143 experienced a >20% worsening on their T25FW and 71 on their 9HPT, respectively. Patients with a 20% increase in T25FW or 9HPT had more GNDS worsening than patients without such an increase. GNDS worsening associated with an increase in T25FW was mainly due to an increase in perceived disability related to lower extremity function and fatigue; GNDS worsening associated with an increase in 9HPT was more diffuse with respect to domains involved. Conclusion: Worsening on T25FW or 9HPT has a clinical impact on disability, as perceived by MS patients during daily life functioning.
Synthesis of Long-template DNA Using Enzymatic Reaction for Regular Alignment of Au-nanoparticles
Authors: Tanaka Shin-ichi , Fritzsche Wolfgang , Sako Yasushi , Yanagida Toshio 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We have successfully synthesized more than 1000 bases of DNA template with a repeat unit of 100 bases and have prepared regular alignments of Au-nanoparticles. This technique will allow to realize multifunctional biosensor, molecular nano-device, and long-range photonic wires.
Light-response of N2 Permeation Using Gold Colloid-coated Porous Glass Modified by Azo Derivative Including Thiol
Authors: Jin Tetsuro , Yusa Shin-ichi , Yazawa Tetsuo 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Photo responsive gas separation membrane modified by organic azo derivative including thiol group on the gold colloid-coated porous glass tube was shown that the nitrogen gas permeance was increased by the stimulation of UV light and stopped the permeation by stopping the irradiation.
Crystallite Size Effects on Anion-exchange Property and Thermal Behavior of Mg, Al-hydrotalcite
Authors: Hongo Teruhisa , Takahashi Mai , Yamazaki Atsushi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A nanosized hydrotalcite crystal was synthesized by coprecipitation method. The crystal shows high-efficiency adsorbance of harmful anions and distinct thermal behavior.
Simple Surface Modification Process to Produce a Transparent Apatite–Polystyrene Composite for In Situ Observation of Cell Behavior
Authors: Oyane Ayako , Tsurushima Hideo , Ito Atsuo 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
An apatite layer was formed on a transparent polystyrene (PS) substrate using a simple surface modification process, in which apatite precursors were deposited on a PS substrate surface that was then immersed in a calcium phosphate solution supersaturated with respect to apatite. The apatite-coated PS substrate thus obtained was highly transparent, which enables in situ observation of cell behavior on the surface apatite layer under a transmission optical microscope.
Highly Efficient Synthesis and Imaging Studies of an Arylpiperazine Derivative as a 5-HT1A Receptor Imaging Agent
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Gwon Hui Jeong , Jang Seung Ho , Lee Hyosun 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A novel and straightforward microwave synthesis of a new arylpiperazine derivative 3 which has an N2S2 moiety has been developed and radiolabeled with an optimum radionuclide of technetium in the presence of a borohydride exchange resin (BER) as a reducing agent. According to the present study this new radiolabeled compound 4 could have the potential for a diagnostic application as an imaging agent of a serotonin neuroreceptor.
Combination of cis‐platinum, oncovin, and bleomycin (cob) prior to surgery and/or radiotherapy in advanced untreated epidermoid cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Peppard Sean B. , Al‐Sarraf Muhyi , Powers William E. , Loh John K. , Weaver Arthur W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of two courses of combination therapy with COB every three weeks prior to surgery and/or radiotherapy in 70 patients with advanced untreated epidermoid cancer of the head and neck. Of 65 patients evaluable after two courses of chemotherapy, 16 had a complete remission (CR) and 36 had a partial remission (PR; > 50% — < 100%) for a total major response rate of 80%.
Prediction of survival in head and neck cancer based on leukocyte sedimentation in ficoll‐hypaque gradients
Authors: Check Irene J. , Hunter Robert L. , Lounsbury Ben , Rosenberg Karen , Matz Gregory 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA battery of immunologic tests were performed on 42 patients with recurrent cancer of the head and neck whose median survival time was 6.8 months. Two tests correlated with survival: total white blood cell (WBC) count and the percentage of lymphoid cells (% LG) in the Ficoll‐Hypaque gradient separated leukocyte fraction of blood.
Bone and liver scans in patients with head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Belson Thomas P. , Lehman Roger H. , Chobanian Susan L. , Malin Thomas C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe initial evaluation of patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck must include an attempt to determine the presence or absence of distant metastases so that the patient's tumor can be accurately staged and appropriate treatment planned. To determine the value of routine bone and liver scans in detecting distant metastases, the records of 169 patients with head and neck carcinoma, on whom such scans were performed, were reviewed retrospectively.
A workable approach to the identification of neonatal hearing impairment
Authors: Sarno Cynthia N. , Clemis Jack D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe American Hearing Research Foundation has developed a regional Infant Screening Program in the state of Illinois, designed to meet the vital need for early identification of hearing impairment on a mass scale. The four major components of the program include: 1. Application of the High Risk Register to the general newborn population, 2. Hearing Screening in the Intensive Care Nursery, 3. Electrophysiologic confirmation with Brain Stem Electric Response testing and 4. Subsequent and immediate remediation and/or habilitation.
Congenital fibrosarcoma in the oral cavity. First reported case
Authors: Beeson William H. , Singer Mark I. , Lingeman Raleigh E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFibrosarcoma is uncommon in the head and neck and constitutes less than 1% of malignancies and approximately 6% of the soft tissue sarcomas. Congenital fibrosarcomas are characterized by rapid proliferation and frequent local recurrence following excision. Unlike other sarcomas, metastasis is a rare event. The literature contains less than 50 cases of congenital, solitary fibrosarcoma, with none occurring in the oral cavity.
A sensorineural component in chronic otitis media
Authors: Moore Dorothy C. , Best Gilbert F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTraditionally, it has been accepted that conductive deafness involves a breakdown in the mechanical conduction of sound, whilst the cochlea remains unaffected. Over a ten year period, it was noticed that a number of patients, mainly children, displayed a mild, hightone sensorineural component to their conductive loss, whereas others tested under identical conditions with parallel etiologies did not. A sample of 80 children with chronic otitis media and sensorineural involvement was selected from Prince Henry's Hospital and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, and was compared with 80 children with the same histories, but whose audiograms did not display any sensorineural involvement. The results of this study indicate a need for further research into: 1. The establishment of an internationally acceptable terminology. 2. Early detection of chronic otitis media. 3. Medical/surgical management. 4. The effects on hearing, caused by fluctuating nature of chronic otitis media. 5. Educational and social management.
Regional behavioral variations of epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck: A study in an animal model
Authors: Blitzer Andrew 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRegional behavioral differences have been observed clinically in epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. An animal model was developed for study, using homograft, transplanted epidermoid carcinoma in Fisher rats. Histopathologic review of tumors of the palate, base of tongue and larynx shows cartilage, arterial wall, surface epithelium and dense connective tissue containing elastic fibers to be relatively resistant to tumor invasion. Muscle, bone, vein and loose connective tissues were easily invaded. This correlates well with the known biochemical and immunological events in tumor invasion and host‐tumor interactions. Regional metastasis occurred in two animals with base of tongue tumors. No distant metastases were found.
Control of malignant melanoma of the nasal mucous membrane
Authors: Mcrae Robert G. , Bellino Joseph P. , Khasgiwala Chandra 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalignant melanoma of the nasal mucous membrane continues to be a rare disorder which is difficult to treat. Five year survival rate appears to be less than 30% and most patients who die of the disease have distant metastasis. At this time, the otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon must strive to control local and regional disease with surgical means. Unfortunately, these means are usually inadequate because survival is critically dependent on the biology of the melanoma and its interaction with the patient's immune system.
Cysts of the thyroglossal duct
Authors: Hawkins Donald B. , Jacobsen Bruce E. , Klatt Edward C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExperiences with 53 consecutive patients undergoing surgical excision of thyroglossal duct cysts are reported. Four patients (7.5%) developed recurrent cysts after surgery. Analysis of cases revealed the following factors to contribute to an increased risk of recurrence: young age, skin involvement by the cyst, lobulation of the cyst, rupture of the cyst, and failure to follow the second principle advocated by Sistrunk.
Acute suppurative thyroiditis in children
Authors: Taylor Wallace E. , Myer Charles M. , Hays Leonard L. , Cotton Robin T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ability of the thyroid gland to withstand infection is a well known phenomenon. In this regard, inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland in children is an uncommon occurrence. The frequency with which this proceeds to abscess formation is rare. Review of the literature of the past 25 years reveals only 21 reported cases of acute suppurative thyroiditis in children, only one of which has been reported in the otolaryngologic literature.We report two cases of thyroid abscess in children which initially presented as painful swellings in the lower neck. An overview of the management of these patients is detailed, including a discussion of the appropriate utilization of diagnostic studies. Demonstration of an internal fistula originating from the pyriform sinus underscores the need to consider a fourth branchial arch remnant as a possible source of infection. The importance of obtaining appropriate bacterial, fungal, and acid‐fast cultures is stressed, as is the role of antibiotic therapy and definitive surgery once the diagnosis of thyroid abscess is made.
Use of high resolution thin section CT scanning of the petrous bone in temporal bone anomalies
Authors: Olson James E. , Dorwart Robert H. , Brant William E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHigh resolution thin section axial CT scans (REVIEWTM reconstruction ARRANGETM reformation — General Electric copyright) were utilized to evaluate the petrous bone of 17 patients, ages 3 to 60, with congenital hearing loss. Two scanning protocols were evaluated: 1.5 mm thick sections at 1.5 mm intervals, and 1.5 mm thick sections at 1.0 mm intervals. These protocols were qualitatively compared with regard to 1. visualization of small anatomical structures, and 2. computer reformatted images in coronal and sagittal planes. Our experience suggests this imaging capability is highly useful in the evaluation of congenital ear abnormalities.Seventeen patients were examined with high resolution CT scans. The inner ear abnormalities included varying degrees of Mondini's dysplasia. The large vestibule, the large fenestra into the internal auditory canal, as well as the poor cochlear formation, were seen in these malformations. These studies have allowed a greater degree of accuracy in counseling parents of patients with inner ear malformations.Middle and external ear deformities were also encountered. The imaging technique is capable of demonstrating ossicular deformities, as well as the nature of canal atresias. It is particularly useful in the planning of surgery on some of these patients in that location of the plane of the facial nerve canal can be determined prior to surgery. This provides the ability to determine whether surgery is possible, and if so, the probability of opening the middle ear adequately to obtain appropriate ossicular reconstruction. Illustrative cases demonstrate the ease of visualizing the small structures of the inner and middle ear and the ability to review these structures in any plane utilizing the ARRANGE program.
Cystic hygroma‐lymphangioma: A rare and still unclear entity
Authors: Kennedy Thomas L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHygroma cysticum coli or cystic hygroma remains a complex entity in terms of its development and management. Most recently, cystic hygroma has been categorized as part of a larger spectrum that includes lymphangiomas. The majority of lymph‐angiomas occur in the head and neck as cystic hygromas with the posterior cervical region as the most common site. Since its original description, there have been many attempts at treatment modalities: Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice.The literature is reviewed and 40 cases from the author's institution are presented. The purposes of this review are, first, to bring some order to the theories and development of this lesion and its various pathological presentations. Second, to approach the treatment of these difficult lesions in an objective manner and to set up guidelines for management.