bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the national police with law enforcement units in the course of ensuring public security and order during mass events in Ukraine
Authors: Yaroshak O. Ya. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the issue of interaction between law enforcement units in the course of ensuring public safety and order during mass events in Ukraine. It has been investigated that in the conditions of martial law, the powers of the National Police bodies have been significantly expanded, starting from the security and defense sector to direct tasks related to ensuring public safety and order in Ukraine.
But, despite the fact that the issue of interaction has attracted the attention of scientists, in most cases it is considered in a wide range and certain features in the conditions of martial law remain not fully explored. Issues of interaction are extremely urgent and require coordination at the legislative level, as they do not have a generalized procedure for determining the necessity and coordination of actions.
The security component in society is the main principle of observing the rights and freedoms of citizens, preventing rampant aggression, terrorism and mass crimes. The search for new joint compromise solutions is effective in combating these phenomena not only on the part of the National Police, but also other law enforcement agencies. Despite the fact that scientists have drawn attention to the issue of interaction, but in most cases these issues are considered in a wide range and certain features in the conditions of martial law remain incompletely researched.
It was established that the concept of interaction should be considered as a complex phenomenon, in our case, related relationships between people in the field of law enforcement. The issue of interaction between the National Police and other law enforcement agencies requires a special approach during martial law. To ensure the protection of public safety and order during mass events, not only employees of the National Police, but also other units are involved. Coherence, interchangeability, clear coordination between all units is the basis of clear interaction between all structural units in the course of ensuring public order and public safety during mass events.
It was determined that the interaction of the National Police with other law enforcement agencies and units in the course of ensuring public safety and order in Ukraine is an administrative set of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency and coordination of the work of the National Police with other law enforcement agencies and units in the course of ensuring public safety and order during the mass events in Ukraine.
Political and legal aspects of obtaining post-war reparations for crimes of ecocide committed by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Mishchuk I. V. 
Published: April 2024

The war that has been going on in Ukraine for more than nine years is dealing a devastating blow to the environment every day, as any military action affects the Earth’s natural resources in one way or another. Every day, the army of the aggressor state uses methods and techniques of armed conflict prohibited by international humanitarian law and causes intentional damage to the environment and civilian population of Ukraine. With this in mind, the article examines the conceptual framework (theoretical and practical) for the payment of post-war reparations by the Russian Federation to Ukraine and its political partners in connection with the international crime of ecocide.
It is established that attention to the issues of environmental pollution is quite justified, since due to harmful production processes of economic activity, as well as due to armed conflicts, human civilization is destroying the Earth’s ecological shell, thereby causing irreversible damage and bringing us closer to an environmental catastrophe. Such actions are recognized in public international law as ecocide, although there is still no single definition of this concept at either the national or international level.
The concept of “ecocide” arose long before its practical application in domestic and international scientific circles. At the same time, the active use of the term “ecocide” and its consideration as one of the main international crimes began only in the late 1970s. This was the impetus for the implementation of provisions on ecocide in national legislation and the establishment of criminal liability for its commission.
At the same time, the author emphasizes the urgent need to amend Article 5 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court due to the fact that the concept of “ecocide” is mentioned in the document in passing and does not contain clear legal regulation. The initiative of the Stop Ecocide Foundation, which presented the Draft Amendments to the Rome Statute of the ICC in June 2022 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Nuremberg Trials, is considered promising. Unlike the current version of the Statute, the initiators provide a clear definition of the concept of “ecocide”, which will allow the signatory states to freely apply this provision in practice.
Distinguishing criminal offenses committed in a state of great emotional distress from related corpus delicti of criminal offenses
Authors: Buchkivska V. L. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the positions of scholars, as well as the provisions of current legislation and the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine in terms of distinguishing criminal offenses committed in a state of great emotional distress from related corpus delicti of criminal offenses.
The author analyzes judicial and law enforcement practice for premeditated murder in a state of great emotional distress, by a mother of her newborn child, and in case of exceeding the limits of necessary defense or in case of exceeding the measures necessary to detain the person who committed the criminal offense.
The author defines theoretical approaches to the qualification of acts committed in a state of great emotional distress and the position, taking into account the case law, on the distinguishing criminal offenses committed in a state of great emotional distress from related corpus delicti of criminal offenses. It is substantiated that for the correct qualification of crimes committed in a state of strong mental excitement, it is necessary to establish not only the features of the corresponding crimes, but also to distinguish them from the related corpus delicti of crimes, since the type and degree of responsibility of the person for the committed criminal offense, as well as the degree, depend on this punishment, which is imposed in case of finding a person guilty of committing a criminal offense.
Theft as a type of property offense: problems of criminal law characterization
Authors: Komplektova T. O. 
Published: April 2024

The article highlights the issues of criminal law characterization of theft as one of the types of criminal offenses against property. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the author emphasizes that theft is a fairly common manifestation of criminal behavior of a person. This necessitates its comprehensive study, including consideration of the issues of its criminal law characterization. It is noted that in the science of criminal law there are no uniform approaches to determining the criteria for criminal law characterization of theft. The most common are: corpus delicti; qualifying and specially qualifying features; distinction from related offenses and offenses defined by other branches of law.
The author emphasizes that despite the legally enshrined concept of theft, there are a number of approaches to its definition in criminal law. When formulating them, scholars focus on a certain defining feature of theft. The author characterizes the element of secrecy as one of the most defining features of theft.
The author focuses on the case law on distinguishing theft from other types of criminal offenses against property. The author analyzes both the statutory criteria for classification of theft and the criteria proposed by researchers of criminal law and criminology. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the objective side of this criminal offense, which is the basis for distinguishing theft from other offenses against property. It is emphasized that, according to the subjective side, theft involves only direct intent. It is noted that in the course of the criminal law characterization of theft, the issues of victimization factors (study of the category of a criminal offense victim, peculiarities of the victim’s behavior, etc.) The author concludes that the issue of both the criteria for criminal legal characterization of theft and their content and features remains controversial in criminal law science and requires further study.
Ensuring environmental security in agriculture
Authors: Tolkachenko O. V. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the position of the food and agricultural organization of the United Nations regarding support for agriculture to reach the level of environmentally safe sustainable development. It is very relevant, due to the fact that at this stage of the development of civilization, there is an increase in the consumption of natural resources, which leads to an ecological burden on agricultural systems and, as a result, various problems in the provision of ecological and food security arise, the solution of them requires a comprehensive approach.
The article examines in which directions the legal regulation of environmental security in agriculture is carried out and analyzes the current legislation according to the following criteria: ensuring environmental security during the use of certain natural resources in the implementation of agricultural activities: land, water, atmospheric air, etc.; ensuring environmental security in the process of using auxiliary means in the implementation of agricultural activities: agrochemicals, pesticides, etc. The following groups: ensuring environmental security in the process of using machinery, technologies, equipment, the latest developments, etc. in the implementation of agricultural activities and ensuring environmental security in the disposal of agricultural waste, will be analyzed in detail in further scientific works. It is worth noting that in each selected group internal division is possible according to individual characteristics. Special attention is paid to the legal regulation of environmental security in the process of land use, because it is the main means of agricultural production.
In the work, special attention is paid to the analysis of the legislation on ensuring environmental security in the process of using pesticides and agrochemicals in the implementation of agricultural activities, since environmental and food security directly depends on their use. It is noted that some provisions are controversial, do not have specific requirements for ensuring environmental security and do not meet the modern requirements of sustainable development of agriculture.
The concept of sustainable agriculture is considered and ecologically safe, natural methods of increasing productivity and pest control are proposed. It is noted that for the development of sustainable agriculture, all the specified methods should be reflected in the environmental policy of the state and, subsequently, in the legislation.
Criminality of military servants of the army and other military forms of Ukraine in the conditions of russian aggression against Ukraine. Criminology aspect
Authors: Pashchenko E. M. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the rise in criminality among military personnel within the military environment during the war in Ukraine. The increase in breaches of military discipline and law is linked to heightened mobilization demands and psychological stress on servicemen. The authors analyze statistics of military criminal offenses during a state of war and highlight the threats it poses to national security and trust in military service. The article emphasizes that a state of war is a key determinant of military crime, calling into question certain aspects of the criminological situation in Ukraine.
The article also explores various reasons for criminal behavior among military personnel on a micro-level. These include psychological difficulties, strenuous physical demands, family upbringing, professional dissatisfaction, legal issues, and cultural factors. Individual factors also influence criminal behavior, encompassing financial hardships, psychological deviations, substance abuse, disregard for legal norms, and a lack of psychological support. The article provides statistics on criminal offenses among military personnel and underscores the increase in criminality during wartime.
The article delves into the distinctions between military and civilian criminal offenses, emphasizing the heightened accountability of military personnel for similar actions compared to civilians. Servicemen who breach military discipline can face both disciplinary and criminal consequences, including punishments such as lifelong imprisonment and liberty restrictions. The article underscores that a state of war can lead to increased criminality among military personnel due to factors such as stress, psychological pressure, and restricted access to leisure and social services during wartime. The authors conclude that it is crucial to provide support and programs to mitigate these risks and facilitate the reintegration of military personnel after returning from conflict zones. The article underscores the need to enhance military service and elevate its prestige to ensure the professionalism of military personnel and meet the contemporary challenges of Ukraine’s foreign policy.
Social conditioning of criminalization of offenses qualified as collaborative activity
Authors: Tananakin O. V. 
Published: April 2024

One of the types of social relations that arose during the war in Ukraine is relations with the occupiers, which can be carried out both within the legal field and be an illegal, criminal manifestation in the form of cooperation with the enemy and assistance to him. Such illegal nature of relations with the occupiers is considered a collaborative activity. The legislator was faced with the task of determining the composition of such an offense and establishing the punishment for actions that constitute collaborationism. Despite a fairly large number of studies of individual and complex issues of criminal liability for collaborative activities, a number of questions remain open.
The purpose of this study was to establish the social conditions and the existence of the necessary grounds for the criminalization of socially dangerous acts that constitute collaborative activity.
In the theory of criminal law, it is clearly established which factors must be taken into account when deciding on the criminalization of a particular illegal act - they are defined as the grounds for criminalizing illegal acts: the existing (real) social danger of the act; its relative prevalence; the need for a criminal legal guarantee; fulfillment by the state of international legal obligations The above research allows us to assess the social conditionality of the criminalization of collaborative activities. First, taking into account the importance of the protected order of social relations, which is encroached upon by collaborative activity, actions containing signs of such illegal activity are socially dangerous. Secondly, official statistical data on the number of registered cases of collaborative activity and persons prosecuted under Art. 111-1, testify to the sufficient prevalence of collaborative activities on the territory of Ukraine. Thirdly, collaborative activity should be punished most severely, namely by establishing criminal liability for it. And, fourthly, the establishment of criminal liability for collaborative activities correlates with the provisions of international legal acts and ensures Ukraine’s fulfillment of relevant international legal obligations.
Crimes against humanity: concepts and signs
Authors: Toma M. G. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the article is obvious because the terrible crimes committed by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine shook not only Ukrainian society but also the whole world. Russian military personnel and their command commit large-scale and systematic attacks on the civilian population - brutal murders, torture, torture, rape, enslavement, extermination, deportations, imprisonment, the crime of apartheid and other illegal acts of a cruel nature directed against the people of Ukraine.
The relevance of the study is also related to the fact that the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter - the Criminal Code of Ukraine) does not contain a definition of crimes against humanity, unlike other crimes such as military or war crimes. We will try to figure out how the actions of criminals will be qualified by Ukrainian courts and who will be held criminally responsible at the international level in the event that crimes against humanity are committed in Ukraine.
«Crimes against humanity» as a separate group of crimes in international law was first reflected in the joint declaration of the governments of France, Great Britain and Russia on May 28, 1915 as a protest against the genocide committed by Turkey against the Armenian population. The result of the criminal events was the killing of more than a million people, prompting the international community to label this shameful act as a «crime against civilization and humanity» for which the leaders of the Turkish government should be held accountable.
Crimes against humanity are crimes designed to destroy the very nature of man. These crimes are considered the most heinous crimes, because they mean deliberate mass killings either by the fact of the very existence of people (crimes against humanity) or by the fact of belonging to an ethnic or national group (genocide).
In a number of international documents, such as: the Statute of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, article 6c; Charter of the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo, Article 5c; Law No. 10, adopted by the Control Council of the Allied Powers in Germany in 1945, Article II, 1c; UN Convention of December 9, 1948 on the Prevention of the Crime of Genocide and its Punishment; Statutes of international criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia, Art. 3-5 and Rwanda Art. 2-3; Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 7, such international crimes as crimes against humanity are reflected, from this it follows that universal jurisdiction extends to crimes against humanity.
Some criminological indicators of land mismanagement
Authors: Turlova Yu. A. , Kolisnyk S. V. 
Published: April 2024

Based on official statistical sources, this article presents a long-term criminological analysis of the situation with land mismanagement in Ukraine spanning the period from 2002 to 2023. The author determines absolute, average and relative indicators, in particular, the rate and dynamics of crimes in this category. The total number of recorded crimes in the category under study (1,240 crimes), their average annual occurrence (56 crimes), and the average growth rate (22.9 %) are calculated. Employing a 5th degree polynomial function, a trend depicting the dynamics of these crimes is constructed. The chosen model aptly captures the development trend of the process with high precision (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.916) and facilitates the identification and characterization of four distinct periods, each reflecting the main trends of land mismanagement in Ukraine.
A paradoxical situation is revealed by the analysis of the practical application of the criminal law provisions which have supplemented Art. 254 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code « Land Mismanagement» in accordance with Law of Ukraine No. 402-IX of December 19, 2019 « On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding Improvement of Legislation on Mining of Amber and Other Minerals». Notably, no crimes were recorded under Part 2 of Article 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (the primary corpus delicti). Conversely, 15 crimes were recorded under Parts 3 and 4 of Article 254 (qualifying elements of the crime). The author concludes that this correlation would be impossible in the case of objective recording of crimes, and it also underscores a noteworthy latent aspect of land mismanagement, in particular, deliberate evasion of mandatory reclamation of lands damaged in the course of pilot commercial development of amber deposits or amber mining under a special subsoil use permit, resulting in considerable damage. The conducted analysis holds an intrinsic value both for scientific research and for law enforcement, ensuring an appropriate information support base for countering land mismanagement, firstly, by providing a clear understanding of the current situation with this phenomenon. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for the development of the relevant system of criminal preventive measures tailored to address this specific issue.
Some aspects of legal regulation of the legal activities of journalists in modern conditions
Authors: Khorvatova O. O. , Pukhir Y. I. 
Published: April 2024

The article reveals some of the legal principles of regulating the legal activity of a journalist in modern conditions of martial law. The activities and state of media freedom in Ukraine over the past 11 years have been analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in modern conditions of martial law, the index of freedom of the press in the state is growing.
The authors focused attention on some features of the legal regulation of the legal grounds of journalists’ activities according to the norms of international law and the national legislation of Ukraine; determined the rights and obligations of journalists, guarantees of media activity, specifics of activities of foreign journalists, employees of foreign entities in the field of media working in Ukraine.
Attention is focused on certain types of prohibitions regarding interference in the professional activities of journalists under conditions of peace and during a state of war or in places of armed conflicts. The statistics of criminal offenses against the legal activities of journalists and the media during the ten years of the war in Ukraine were analyzed.
It is substantiated that legal liability, including criminal liability, has been established for encroachment on the journalist’s life and health, and other actions against him. The current criminal legislation and specific articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provide for criminal liability for such criminal offenses as obstructing the legitimate professional activity of journalists, threatening, or using violence against a journalist, intentional destruction or damage to a journalist’s property, encroachment on a journalist’s life, taking a journalist as a hostage, were analyzed. Statistical information on the number of registered criminal offenses of this category for the last three years is provided. A criminological description of criminal offenses against the legal activity of a journalist is given.
It was concluded that criminal offenses committed against journalists represent a significant public danger, as they encroach on freedom of speech, national security of the state, and violate the foundations of activity in the information sphere.