bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the Circulating Levels of the Urokinase System of Plasminogen Activation With the Presence of Prostate Cancer and Invasion, Progression, and Metastasis
Authors: Shariat Shahrokh F. , Roehrborn Claus G. , McConnell John D. , Park Sangtae , Alam Nina , Wheeler Thomas M. , Slawin Kevin M. 
Published: February 2007

Purpose To assess whether preoperative plasma levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptor (uPAR) would predict cancer of the prostate (CaP) presence, stage, and prognosis. Patients and Methods Plasma levels of uPA and uPAR were measured in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized CaP (preoperative, n = 429; postoperative, n = 76), 44 healthy men, 19 patients with metastases to regional lymph nodes, and 10 patients with bone metastases. Results uPA and uPAR levels were significantly elevated in patients with CaP compared with healthy men and significantly declined after prostate removal. In CaP patients, uPA and uPAR levels both increased significantly from patients with nonmetastatic CaP to patients with lymph node metastases to patients with skeletal metastases. On univariate analysis, preoperative uPA and uPAR levels were significantly elevated in patients with extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, higher prostatectomy Gleason sum, lymph node invasion, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and higher tumor volume. Higher preoperative uPAR was associated with biochemical progression in univariate analysis. Conversely, higher preoperative uPA was independently associated with biochemical progression in preoperative or postoperative multivariate models. In patients with biochemical progression, preoperative uPA and uPAR were both significantly associated with shorter postprogression total serum prostate-specific antigen doubling times, failure to respond to salvage local radiation therapy, and/or development of distant metastasis. Conclusion Elevation of plasma uPA and uPAR levels in CaP patients seems to be partly caused by local release from the prostate. Plasma levels of uPA and uPAR are associated with features of biologically aggressive CaP, disease progression after radical prostatectomy, and metastasis.
Measurement of DNA Mutations Caused by Seconds-period UV-irradiation
Authors: Futakami Masae , Nishigaki Koichi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
UV is a potent mutagen threatening human health. A genome analysis technology, genome profiling, was found to be used to measure UV-irradiated DNA mutations quantitatively within the range of 500 J/m2 of UVA. An intriguing phenomenon was also observed for the UV-irradiation to in vivo DNA that the apparent amount of mutations oscillated responding to an increasing amount of UV-dosage. This method is advantageous in measuring the alteration of DNA directly, eliminating the necessity of complicated interpretation required for bioassays.
Apparent Survival and Detection Estimates for PIT‐Tagged Slimy Sculpin in Five Small New Brunswick Streams
Authors: Keeler Rachel A. , Breton AndréR. , Peterson Douglas P. , Cunjak Richard A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus is an abundant and widespread benthic fish that inhabits cold lakes and rivers in North America. The objective of this study was to estimate survival and detection probabilities for slimy sculpin in relation to several environmental and biological predictors. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags were implanted into 337 adult slimy sculpin in five tributaries of the Kennebecasis River, New Brunswick, Canada. A portable PIT tag antenna was used to search for marked individuals from June 2003 to July 2004. Cormack–Jolly–Seber open population models were used to test several predictions and to estimate apparent survival and detection probabilities. We found that survival was high (73–99%) among sampling events; the average period was about 4 weeks (range, <1–22 weeks). Survival was positively related to fish length and negatively related to maximum stream discharge. The mean detection probability of tagged sculpin was 0.80, but it varied among sampling events and with respect to the minimum electrical current of our antenna and the percentage of boulder substrate at the site. This study demonstrates that a portable PIT tag system can be used in conjunction with capture–mark–recapture models to acquire an understanding of the basic life history characteristics of slimy sculpin and possibly other small‐bodied fish in freshwater systems.
Electrofishing Distance Needed to Estimate Consistent Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) Scores in Raftable Oregon Rivers
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Herlihy Alan T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn important issue surrounding assessment of riverine fish assemblages is the minimum amount of sampling distance needed to adequately determine biotic condition. Determining adequate sampling distance is important because sampling distance affects estimates of fish assemblage condition at both local and regional scales, and oversampling is costly. We examined the sampling distance question by sampling 45 raftable Oregon river reaches for an entire day and then assessing the minimum distance needed to obtain index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores in those reaches that varied by less than 10% from the 1‐d samples. An electrofishing raft was used to collect fish, and physical and chemical habitats were sampled to aid in reach description. We found that a sampling distance equal to 50 times the mean wetted channel width, or a catch of more than 120 individuals, produced IBI scores that met our criteria.
Turbidity Affects Foraging Success of Drift‐Feeding Rosyside Dace
Authors: Zamor Richard M. , Grossman Gary D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of suspended sediment on nongame fishes are not well understood. We examined the effects of suspended sediment (i.e., turbidity) on reactive distance and prey capture success at spring–autumn (12°C) and summer (18°C) temperatures for rosyside dace Clinostomus funduloides in an artificial stream. Experimental turbidities ranged from 0 to 56 nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs) at the two temperatures, and sample sizes for each turbidity–temperature combination ranged from 5 to 10 fish. All fish were tested at a single, randomly selected turbidity. Nonlinear regression (dosage–response curves) detected a negative relationship between turbidity and reactive distance at both spring–autumn (R2 = 0.96) and summer (R2 = 0.90) temperatures. Turbidity also had a strong negative effect on capture success at both spring–autumn (R2 = 0.88) and summer (R2 = 0.70) temperatures. Two‐way analysis of variance showed that turbidity and temperature were significant in all models (P < 0.0001) and that there were no significant interactions. The median effective concentrations (EC50s, i.e., the concentrations required to elicit a response equal to 50% of the maximum response observed) for reactive distance regressions were 9.9 NTUs in spring and autumn and 9.2 NTUs in summer. Data from moderately impacted streams in the region indicate that these streams possess turbidities that exceed the EC50s approximately 50% of the time. These results suggest that turbidity negatively affects the foraging behavior of rosyside dace at even low to intermediate levels (>9 NTUs) and that these effects may vary seasonally.
Habitat‐related error in estimating temperatures from leaf margins in a humid tropical forest
Authors: Burnham Robyn J. , Pitman Nigel C. A. , Johnson Kirk R. , Wilf Peter 
Published: February 2007

Leaf margin characters are strong predictors of mean annual temperature (MAT) in modern plant communities and widely used tools for reconstructing paleoclimates from fossil floras. However, the frequency of nonentire‐margined species may vary dramatically between different habitats of the same forest. In this paper we explore the potential for this habitat variation to introduce error into temperature reconstructions, based on field data from a modern lowland forest in Amazonian Ecuador.The data show that the provenance of leaves can influence temperature estimates to an important degree and in a consistent direction. Woody plants growing along lakes and rivers underestimated MAT by 2.5°–5°C, while those in closed‐canopy forest provided very accurate predictions. The high proportion of liana species with toothed leaves in lakeside and riverside samples appears to be responsible for a large part of the bias. Samples from closed‐canopy forest that included both lianas and trees, however, were more accurate than tree‐only or liana‐only samples.We conclude that paleotemperature reconstructions based on leaf margin characters will be misleading to the extent that fossilization provides a better record of certain habitats than others. The preponderance of lake and river deposits in the angiosperm fossil record suggests that underestimation of mean annual paleotemperature may be common.
Mentha canadensis L. (Lamiaceae): a relict amphidiploid from the Lower Tertiary
Authors: Tucker Arthur O. , Chambers Henrietta L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo clones of Mentha arvensis L., both with 2n = 72 from Europe, one with 49.20 ± 2.28% pulegone, another with 57.31 ± 9.41% linalool, were hybridized with M. longifolia (L.) L. from Europe with 2n = 24 and 51.87 ± 0.50% trans‐piperitone oxide. The F1 hybrids had essential oils rich in pulegone, isomenthone, menthone, trans‐isopulegone, menthol, neomenthol, 3‐octanol, linalool, cis‐piperitone oxide, trans‐piperitone oxide, carvone, limonene, piperitenone oxide, trans‐carveol, trans‐sabinene hydrate, 3‐octanone, terpinen‐4‐ol, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, geranyl acetate, citronellyl acetate, and/or β‐caryophyllene. Thirty‐nine F1 hybrids of this cross are similar to 23 clones of M. canadensis L. from North America and Asia with 2n = 96 when compared by chromosome numbers, morphology, and essential oils. Mentha canadensis is proposed as a relict amphidiploid of the mixed mesophytic flora of the Lower Tertiary.
Resistance or emigration? Response of alpine plants to the ice ages
Authors: Stehlik Ivana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a long‐standing debate about the fate of the mountain flora of the European Alps during the Pleistocene ice ages. Two main scenarios of glacial survival of alpine plant taxa have been discussed, namely (1) total extinction within glaciated areas, survival in peripheral refugia, and postglacial re‐immigration into vacant areas (tabula rasa hypothesis), and (2) long‐term in situ survival within glaciated regions in isolated ice‐free areas above the ice‐shield (nunatak hypothesis). Four alpine species with differing distributions and ecological demands were investigated to elucidate their glacial history using molecular methods (AFLPs, RFLPs of cpDNA, RAPDs). Their glacial histories are very diverse. Whereas in situ survival in the most intensely glaciated Central Alps played an important role in Eritrichium nanum, the low alpine Erinus alpinus survived in situ on some mountains of the northern Swiss Prealps, and Rumex nivalis grows at intermediate alpine elevations in snow‐beds in both the northern and the Central Swiss Alps. In the common arctic‐alpine Saxifraga oppositifolia, the species with the widest distribution and ecological amplitude as compared to the other three species, it is not possible to reconstruct its glacial history. It is probable, therefore, that in the Alps, as in northern Europe, resident genotypes surviving glaciation in situ were integrated into the gene pool of postglacially immigrating periglacial individuals. The size of refugia differed according to species and region. On the one hand, refugia were restricted to individual mountains (E. alpinus, R. nivalis). On the other hand, they spanned several mountain ranges in larger areas (E. nanum, E. alpinus). Postglacial migration over longer distances was inferred for E. alpinus from southern France to northern Switzerland, and, over shorter distances, for R. nivalis from the northern Prealps into the Central Alps in Switzerland. Both postglacial immigration and in situ survival shaped the phylogeography at least of E. alpinus and R. nivalis. It is likely, therefore, that the nunatak and the tabula rasa hypotheses are too simplistic to describe the rich diversity of glacial and postglacial processes in Alpine plant species. It rather appears that the glacial history of each species is to a certain degree unique and influenced by its ecological demands or breeding systems. Moreover, stochasticity has to be regarded of essential importance, since factors such as preglacial distribution patterns or postglacial dispersal or extinction events should have had effects on the present genetic composition and the distribution of a species.
Cover Picture: 3D Characterization of Graphite Morphologies in Cast Iron (Adv. Eng. Mater. 1‐2/2007)
Authors: Velichko A. , Holzapfel C. , Mücklich F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the reconstructed 3D images acquired using FIB‐tomography of flake graphite in cast iron kindly provided by Halberg Guss GmbH. More information about the 3D characterisation of different irregular graphite morphologies can be found in the paper by A. Velichko et al. on page 39 of this issue.Design: Thomas Jörn
Arylcalcium‐Verbindungen: Synthesen, Strukturen, physikalische Eigenschaften und chemisches Verhalten
Authors: Westerhausen Matthias , Gärtner Martin , Fischer Reinald , Langer Jens 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie Organocalciumchemie steht noch immer am Anfang ihrer Entwicklung. Die Direktsynthese aus Iodarenen und aktiviertem Calciumpulver eröffnet einen einfachen Zugang zu Arylcalciumiodiden in guten Ausbeuten. Der Einfluss des Substitutionsmusters der Phenylgruppe, des Halogens und des Lösungsmittels wird diskutiert. Die Arylcalciumhalogenide zeigen ein Schlenk‐Gleichgewicht, das die Isolierung von Diarylcalciumderivaten ermöglicht. Wegen der hohen Reaktivität der Arylcalciumhalogenide müssen während der Herstellung und Handhabung tiefe Temperaturen aufrechterhalten werden. Eine geringere Reaktivität und höhere Beständigkeit können durch sterisches Abschirmen des Calciumatoms erreicht werden, z. B. durch Erhöhung der Koordinationszahl des Metallzentrums oder Substitution des Iodidions durch sperrige Gruppen.
Adalimumab for long‐term treatment of psoriatic arthritis: Forty‐eight week data from the adalimumab effectiveness in psoriatic arthritis trial
Authors: Gladman Dafna D. , Mease Philip J. , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Choy Ernest H. S. , Sharp John T. , Ory Peter A. , Perdok Renee J. , Sasso Eric H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with adalimumab, a fully human anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) monoclonal antibody, over 48 weeks in patients with moderate to severe psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsPatients who completed the Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial (ADEPT), a 24‐week, double‐blind study of adalimumab versus placebo in PsA, could elect to receive open‐label adalimumab, 40 mg subcutaneously every other week after week 24. Radiographs were obtained at week 48 and were read with radiographs obtained previously. Clinical and radiographic efficacy data were analyzed overall and in patient subsets. Safety data were collected over 48 weeks.ResultsAt week 48, patients from the adalimumab arm of ADEPT (n = 151) had achieved American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement (ACR20), ACR50, and ACR70 response rates of 56%, 44%, and 30%, respectively. Among those evaluated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (n = 69), PASI50, PASI75, PASI90, and PASI100 response rates (≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, and 100% reduction in PASI scores, respectively) were 67%, 58%, 46%, and 33%, respectively (ACR and PASI response rates were analyzed using nonresponder imputation). Improvements in disability, as measured by the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (mean change in score –0.4) were sustained from week 24 to week 48. At week 24 and week 48, the mean changes from baseline in the modified total Sharp score were –0.1 and 0.1, respectively, for patients who received adalimumab for 48 weeks (n = 133), and 0.9 and 1.0, respectively, for patients who received placebo for 24 weeks followed by adalimumab for 24 weeks (n = 141). Adalimumab demonstrated clinical and radiographic efficacy regardless of whether patients were receiving methotrexate (MTX) at baseline. Adalimumab was generally safe and well tolerated through week 48.ConclusionAdalimumab improved joint and skin manifestations, reduced disability, and inhibited radiographic progression over 48 weeks in patients with PsA who were participants in ADEPT. MTX use at baseline was not required for clinical or radiographic efficacy. Adalimumab had a good safety profile through week 48.
The affect heuristic and the attractiveness of simple gambles
Authors: Bateman Ian , Dent Sam , Peters Ellen , Slovic Paul , Starmer Chris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrior studies have observed that the attractiveness of playing a simple gamble (7/36 to win $9; otherwise win nothing) is greatly enhanced by introducing a small loss (7/36 win $9; otherwise lose 5¢). The present studies tested and confirmed an explanation of this finding based on the concept of evaluability and the affect heuristic. Evaluators of the “no‐loss” gamble lack a precise feeling for how good $9 is, hence give it little weight in their judgment. In the second gamble, comparison with the small loss makes $9 “come alive with feeling” and become weighted in the judgment, thus increasing the attractiveness of the gamble. These results demonstrate the importance of contextual factors in determining affect and preference for simple risk‐taking opportunities. They show that the meaning, utility, and weighting of even a very familiar monetary outcome such as $9 is not fixed, but depends greatly on these contextual factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative detection of cell surface protein expression by time‐resolved fluorimetry
Authors: Huttunen Roope J. , O'Riordan Tomás C. , Härkönen Pirkko L. , Soini Juhani T. , Meltola Niko J. , Hänninen Pekka E. , Soini Aleksi E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method is introduced for quantitative detection of cell surface protein expression. The method is based on immunocytochemistry, the use of long decay time europium(III) chelate and platinum(II) porphyrin labels, and detection of photoluminescence emission from adhered cells by time‐resolved fluorimetry. After immunocytochemistry, the assay wells are evaporated to dryness and measured in the dry state. This protocol allows repeated and postponed analysis and microscopy imaging. In order to investigate the performance of the method, we chose expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) of endothelial cell line EAhy926 as a research target. The expression of ICAM‐1 on the cells was enhanced by introduction of a cytokine, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα). The method gave signal:background ratios (S:B) of 20 and 9 for europium and platinum labels, respectively, whereas prompt fluorescent FITC label gave a S:B of 3. Screening window coefficients (=Z′‐factor) were >0.5 for all the three labels, thus indicating a score for an excellent screening assay. In conclusion, the method appears to be an appropriate choice for protein expression analysis, both in high‐throughput screening applications, and for detailed sample investigation by fluorescent microscopy imaging. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size‐dependent fluorescence of dibenzoylmethanate and ditoluylmethanate of boron difluoride
Authors: Mirochnik A. G. , Fedorenko E. V. , Karpenko A. A. , Gizzatulina D. A. , Karasev V. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSignificant differences in the luminescence properties of dibenzoylmethanate and ditoluylmethanate of boron difluoride bulk crystals and microcrystals were detected. The size‐dependent blue‐to‐green colour change of the luminescence is connected with the band intensity redistribution of monomer and excimer luminescence and fluorescence due to interdimer interaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Ca2+ in activation of reactive oxygen species production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during tumour growth in rats
Authors: Pustovidko A , Potselueva M. , Kochegarov A. , Evtodienko Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of Ca2+ ions in PMA‐induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was studied during Zajdela hepatoma growth in the peritoneal cavity of rats. In PMNL from control healthy animals, a manifold Ca2+‐induced enhancement of ROS generation and its significant reduction in the presence of Ca2+ binding agent (BAPTA‐AM) were observed. In contrast, ROS generation by PMNL from tumour‐carrying animals dramatically increased in Ca2+‐free medium, being practically insensitive to the agents, which can increase or decrease intracellular Ca2+ levels. Free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in control PMNL was found to be relatively low (∼250 nmol/L), rising slowly after Ca2+ addition and further to two‐fold in the presence of Ca2+ and ionomycin in the incubating medium. Tumour growth in animals was accompanied with a significant [Ca2+]i elevation. In Ca2+‐free medium, [Ca2+]i elevation was up to 480 nmol/L in tPMNL with the additions of Ca+ and ionomycin as well as EGTA and ionomycin being able to increase [Ca2+]i to 700–900 nmol/L onward. It was concluded that a higher Ca2+ permeability of the plasma membrane and higher Ca2+ accumulation in intracellular pools of PMNL was developed at the advanced stages of malignant disease. These results indicate the primed state of circulating PMNL and the independence of PMA‐induced ROS generation at intra‐ and extracellular Ca2+ levels at the advanced stages of tumour growth in animals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of the PCI through 6F diagnostic catheters
Authors: Keller Pierre‐Frédéric , Gosselin Gilbert , Grégoire Jean , Guédès Antoine , Verin Vitali 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: The choice of guiding catheter for optimal back‐up support is critical in order to achieve a successful PCI. Diagnostic 6 French (F) catheters have an internal lumen diameter as large as 5F guiding catheters. The aim of this study was to demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of performing PCI with Cordis 6F diagnostic catheters in selected coronary lesions. Methods: 32 coronary stents were implanted using 6F diagnostic catheters in 27 eligible patients at the Montreal Heart Institute. The inclusion criteria were TIMI angiographic score < B2 in native coronary arteries or in coronary artery bypass grafts. Bifurcations and left main disease were not included. Results: Eighty‐five percent of the patients underwent PCI for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). PCI was performed in 5 lesions (19%) of the left coronary circulation; in 21 lesions (78%) of the right coronary artery and in one lesion (4%) of the 1st obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex artery, through a left mammary artery bypass. Only stents suitable for 5F guiding catheters were used. The largest stent was 4.0 mm in diameter and 32 mm in length. Direct stenting was performed in 75% of patients. The angiographic success for PCI of target lesions was 100%, without clinical or angiographic complications. Conclusions: In selected cases, diagnostic 6F catheters can be used for PCI with 5F compatible balloons and stents. PCI via a diagnostic catheter may provide even better back‐up support and allows for significant resources and time savings, especially in patients with ACS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.