bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of depression and fatigue in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy
Authors: Pirl William F. , Greer Joseph A. , Goode Melissa , Smith Matthew R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose: We prospectively examined the development of depressive symptoms and fatigue among men with locally advanced prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy.Methods: Fifty‐two men with advanced or recurrent prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive either parenteral leuprolide or oral bicalutamide. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at pretreatment baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.Results: Rates of at least mild depression ranged from 10.4 to 16.3% over the 12 months and were not significantly different at each time point. Mean change in BDI scores from baseline to 6 months for the entire sample was 0.91 (SE = 0.73), and from baseline to 12 months was 0.35 (SE = 0.67). Mean FSS scores increased significantly from baseline (M = 24.43, SD = 11.75) to 6 months (M = 27.93, SD = 13.52) and remained steady at 12 months (M = 27.80, SD = 14.44). There were no significant differences in depression between the two types of hormone therapy.Conclusion: Hormone therapy does not appear to cause clinically significant changes in depression among men with locally advanced prostate cancer. However, fatigue increased significantly over the study period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasiclassical theory of electronic transport in mesoscopic systems: Luttinger liquids revisited
Authors: Eckern Ulrich , Schwab Peter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe method of the quasiclassical Green's function is used to determine the equilibrium properties of one‐dimensional (1D) interacting Fermi systems, in particular, the bulk and the local (near a hard wall) density of states. While this is a novel approach to 1D systems, our findings do agree with standard results for Luttinger liquids obtained with the bosonization method. Analogies to the so‐called P (E) theory of tunneling through ultrasmall junctions are pointed out and are exploited. Further applications of the Green's function method for 1D systems are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical study of the relationship between growth condition and atomic arrangement of InGaN
Authors: Kangawa Y. , Kakimoto K. , Ito T. , Koukitu A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations of InGaN MOVPE were carried out to investigate the relationship between growth conditions and atomic arrangement in thin films grown on (0001) and (11$ \bar 2 $0). In the case of small input partial pressures of indium, it was found that compositional instability was enhanced during the site exchanging process instead of the adsorption process. Moreover, it was found that compositional fluctuation in thin films grown on (11$ \bar 2 $0) is smaller than that in thin films grown on (0001). This suggests that accumulated stress near the growth surface influences the compositional fluctuation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOCVD regrowth of InGaN on N‐polar and Ga‐polar pillar and stripe nanostructures
Authors: Fichtenbaum N. A. , Neufeld C. J. , Schaake C. , Wu Y. , Wong M. H. , Grundmann M. , Keller S. , DenBaars S. P. , Speck J. S. , Mishra U. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractN‐polar (000$ \bar 1 $) and Ga‐polar (0001) GaN templates were patterned with holographic lithography and etched to form nanopillars (NP) and nanostripes (NS) arrays, upon which InGaN and GaN was subsequently regrown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A wide range of growth conditions were explored to determine the structural impact of the growth conditions. The results were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that the initial polarity of the GaN template used to form the pillar or stripe nanostructures had a significant impact upon the results of the regrowth. The Ga‐polar NP exhibited (0001), {01$ \bar 1 $0}, and {01$ \bar 1 $1} facets, while the N‐polar NP exhibited (000$ \bar 1 $) and {01$ \bar 1 $0} facets. The NS samples also exhibited different facet formation depending upon the initial polarity. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles calculation and X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis of Fe doping mechanism for semi‐insulating GaN growth on GaAs substrates
Authors: Togashi R. , Satoh F. , Murakami H. , Iihara J. , Yamaguchi K. , Kumagai Y. , Koukitu A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn order to fabricate an Fe‐doped semi‐insulating (SI) GaN substrate by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) using (111)A GaAs as a starting substrate, the Fe doping mechanism was investigated by two approaches: first‐principles calculation and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. First‐principles study clarified that Fe and As atoms are substituting for the Ga and N atoms in the wurtzite GaN lattice, respectively. In addition, incorporation of Fe in GaN was found to be hindered by adjacent As in the N site. XAFS analysis performed for an Fe‐doped SI GaN substrate, obtained by protecting backside of the GaAs substrate, showed that the Fe atoms are substituting for the Ga site in GaN. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
p‐type InN and In‐rich InGaN
Authors: Ager J. W. , Jones R. E. , Yamaguchi D. M. , Yu K. M. , Walukiewicz W. , Li S. X. , Haller E. E. , Lu H. , Schaff W. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCapacitance–voltage (CV) measurements using a liquid electrolyte as rectifying contact were used to provide definitive proof of p‐type activity beneath a surface inversion layer in Mg‐doped InN and In‐rich InGaN. Analysis of CV data using the Poisson equation allows net charge as a function of depth to be determined. In undoped InN, good agreement of the net donor concentration below the surface accumulation layer with bulk Hall effect data is obtained. In Mg‐doped InN and InGaN, the CV data are shown to be consistent with the presence of a net acceptor concentration NA–ND near 1019 cm–3 below a surface inversion layer. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Homoepitaxy of ZnO: from the substrates to doping
Authors: Neumann C. , Lautenschläger S. , Graubner S. , Sann J. , Volbers N. , Meyer B. K. , Bläsing J. , Krost A. , Bertram F. , Christen J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe cover of the current issue shows the appearance of terrace structures with monoatomic step heights of a pre‐treated ZnO single crystal substrate. The picture relates to the article by C. Neumann et al. [1] and presents the results of homoepitaxial growth of ZnO films with the main focus on the ZnO substrate surface preparation in order to reach high quality two‐dimensional growth. This work was presented at Symposium F of the 2006 E‐MRS Fall Meeting in Warsaw, Poland, 4–8 September 2006.The research group of Bruno K. Meyer, 1st Physics Institute of the Justus Liebig University at Gießen, Germany, has ongoing activities in the study of excitonic and defect related properties in wide band gap semiconductors supported by the in‐house‐growth by chemical vapor and sputter deposition of new, functional oxide semiconductors.
Structural characterisation of unsaturated bacterial hopanoids by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Talbot Helen M. , Rohmer Michel , Farrimond Paul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe production of bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) is widespread in many different groups of prokaryotes; however, unsaturated components are less common except amongst the acetic acid bacteria. Here we describe the characterisation of mono‐ (Δ6 or Δ11) and diunsaturated (Δ6,11) bacteriohopanetetrols isolated from the acetic acid bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus (formerly Acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry (APCI‐MSn). APCI‐MS2 spectra are compared with equivalent electron ionisation (EI) spectra and differences in fragmentation pathways are discussed. Having established characteristic spectral features for a range of unsaturated BHPs we now have the ability to rapidly detect the presence of unsaturated BHPs in both natural environmental samples (soils, sediments, water columns) as well as in microbial cultures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate, fosamine and ethephon at nanogram levels in water
Authors: Guo Zhong‐Xian , Cai Qiantao , Yang Zhaoguang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the first approach that simultaneously quantifies four polar, water‐soluble organophosphorus herbicides, i.e., glyphosate, glufosinate, fosamine and ethephon, at nanogram levels in environmental waters. The target herbicides were separated completely by ion chromatography (IC) on a polymer anion‐exchange column, Dionex IonPac AS16 (4.0 mm × 250 mm), with 30 mM citric acid flowing at 0.70 mL min−1 as the eluent. On‐line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) using a quadrupole mass spectrometer was employed as a sensitive and selective detector of the effluents. Various parameters affecting the separation and detection were systematically examined and optimized. Detection limits of the herbicides achieved with the proposed IC/ICP‐MS method were 1.1–1.4 µg L−1 (as compound) based on a 500‐µL sample injection. Matrix anions, metal ions, phosphate, polyphosphates, non‐polar and other polar organophosphorus pesticides showed no interference. The developed method was validated using reservoir water, treated water and NEWater samples spiked at the level of 10–25 µg L−1 with satisfactory recoveries (95–109%). It is applicable to the simultaneous determination of µg L−1 concentrations of the herbicides in polluted water. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized homogeneous quasi‐continuous controllers
Authors: Levant Arie , Pavlov Yuri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new class of arbitrary‐order homogeneous quasi‐continuous sliding‐mode controllers containing numerous functional parameters is proposed. All the controllers also have robust output‐feedback versions. A numerical procedure is established for the first time for setting the controller parameters. A finite‐time stable 5‐sliding mode is demonstrated for the first time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The challenge of altering elementary school teachers' beliefs and practices regarding linguistic and cultural diversity in science instruction
Authors: Lee Okhee , Luykx Aurolyn , Buxton Cory , Shaver Annis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study examined the impact of a professional development intervention aimed at helping elementary teachers incorporate elements of students' home language and culture into science instruction. The intervention consisted of instructional units and materials and teacher workshops. The research involved 43 third‐ and fourth‐grade teachers at six elementary schools in a large urban school district. These teachers participated in the intervention for 2 consecutive years. The study was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods based on focus group interviews, a questionnaire, and classroom observations. The results indicate that as teachers began their participation in the intervention, they rarely incorporated students' home language or culture into science instruction. During the 2‐year period of the intervention, teachers' beliefs and practices remained relatively stable and did not show significant change. Possible explanations for the limited effectiveness of the intervention are addressed, and implications for professional development efforts are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1269–1291, 2007
The relationship of freshmen's physics achievement and their related affective characteristics
Authors: Gungor Almer (Abak) , Eryılmaz Ali , Fakıoglu Turgut 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the best‐fitting structural equation model between the freshmen's physics achievement and selected affective characteristics related to physics. These characteristics are students' situational interest in physics, personal interest in physics, aspiring extra activities related to physics, importance of physics, importance of electricity, physics course anxiety, physics test anxiety, physics achievement motivation, student motivation in physics, self‐efficacy in physics, self‐concept in physics, and locus of control. The researchers developed the affective characteristics questionnaire that consisted of 12 subdimensions, and has 53 items related to these subdimensions. The questionnaire was applied to 890 freshmen physics students at the universities in Ankara. Two models were tested: a unidimensional model and a multidimensional model. However, a third model, which is more similar to the multidimensional model, exhibited the best fit for the freshmen. Moreover, the results revealed that achievement motivation was the most influential affective characteristic on physics achievement. On the other hand, motivation in physics had a negative influence on physics achievement in the model, and the influence of the students' attitudes towards physics was not statistically significant. Thus, one should especially pay attention to the students' achievement motivation in physics if the aim is to increase students' physics achievement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1036–1056, 2007
Co-existence of physiologically similar sulfate-reducing bacteria in a full-scale sulfidogenic bioreactor fed with a single organic electron donor
Authors: Dar Shabir A. , Stams Alfons J. M. , Kuenen J. Gijs , Muyzer Gerard 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A combination of culture-dependent and independent methods was used to study the co-existence of different sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sulfate-rich wastewater. The wastewater was fed with ethanol as an external electron donor. Twenty six strains of SRB were randomly picked and isolated from the highest serial dilution that showed growth (i.e. 108). Repetitive enterobacterial palindromic polymerase chain reaction and whole cell protein profiling revealed a low genetic diversity, with only two genotypes among the 26 strains obtained in the pure culture. The low genetic diversity suggests the absence of micro-niches within the reactor, which might be due to a low spatial and temporal micro-heterogeneity. The total 16S rDNA sequencing of two representative strains L3 and L7 indicated a close relatedness to the genus Desulfovibrio. The two strains differed in as many as five physiological traits, which might allow them to occupy distinct niches and thus co-exist within the same habitat. Whole cell hybridisation with fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes was performed to characterise the SRB community in the reactor. The isolated strains Desulfovibrio L3 and Desulfovibrio L7 were the most dominant SRB, representing 30–35% and 25–35%, respectively, of the total SRB community. Desulfobulbus-like bacteria contributed for 20–25%, and the Desulfobacca acetoxidans-specific probe targeted approximately 15–20% of the total SRB. The whole cell hybridisation results thus revealed a consortium of four different species of SRB that can be enriched and maintained on a single energy source in a full-scale sulfidogenic reactor.
Beneficial Effect of Partial Portal Decompression Using the Inferior Mesenteric Vein for Intractable Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Sato Yoshinobu , Nakatsuka Hideki , Oya Hiroshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundUse of the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) for partial portal decompression has not been recommended as a first‐line option for intractable gastroesophageal variceal bleeding because of the thin diameter of the vein. Although these indications remain relevant, few reports have compared partial portal decompression using the IMV with other therapies. We propose that partial portal decompression using the IMV is a useful alternative treatment for intractable variceal bleeding.MethodsWe performed partial portal decompression using the IMV in eight patients with intractable variceal bleeding that had been uncontrolled using medical and endoscopic therapies. All patients were classified into Child’s class B or C. The surgical data, morbidity, and mortality were assessed.ResultsMean portal venous pressure significantly decreased from 26.9 ± 2.0 mmHg before the surgery to 19.8 ± 3.9 mmHg after the surgery. The operative mortality rate was 0%. The mean duration of hospital stay was 25.5 ± 13.3 days. Although one patient experienced recurrent bleeding, shunt patency was well maintained in all patients during the follow‐up period (mean 28.9 ± 14.1 months). Six patients are still alive and well without ascites or hepatic encephalopathy. Two of the Child’s class C patients who underwent emergency shunt died owing to hepatic decompensation.ConclusionPartial portal decompression using the IMV can be a safe, effective way to treat intractable variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, use of the shunt procedure may have the most survival benefits for cirrhotic patients with preserved liver function.
Role of Centchroman in Regression of Mastalgia and Fibroadenoma
Authors: Dhar Anita , Srivastava Anurag 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectivesCentchroman (Ormeloxifene) is a novel non‐steroidal, selective antiestrogen. Because of its selective antiestrogen action, centchroman has been used for treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma.Materials and MethodsBenign breast disease patients up to 35 years of age attending our surgery outpatient department from August 2003 to September 2004 and fulfilling the inclusion criterion were included in this study. They were started on centchroman 30 mg on alternate days for a period of 3 months and were followed up for 6 months. Results were recorded as per clinical examination, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and ultrasonography for breast lump size.ResultsA total of 60 patients were included in this pilot study, 42 (70%) of whom had mastalgia with or without nodularity, and 18 (30%) had fibroadenoma. Noncyclical pain was recorded in 38 patients (90%), and cyclical pain was recorded in only 4 (10%) patients. A VAS score of 10 was recorded by 33 (80%) patients (severe pain), and the remaining 9 patients (20%) had VAS scores from 7 to 10. Fibroadenoma size ranged from 1.5 to 5 cm., single or multiple in one or both breasts. There was a good response in the mastalgia group, with a decrease in the VAS scoring from 10 to 3 in 90 % of the patients in the first week. Almost all of the patients were painless at the end of one month, with complete disappearance of the nodularity. In the fibroadenoma group there was a mixed response, with complete disappearence in 40%, partial regression in 20%, and no response at all in the remaining 40%. There were very few side effects.ConclusionsCentchroman is a safe nonsteroidal drug for the treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma. It has shown good results in mastalgia and is a safe drug as compared to the drugs of choice used at present (danazole and bromocriptine). Further randomized studies are in progress and are needed to determine its definitive role in this patient group.
Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Barazani Yagil , Hiatt Jonathan R. , Tong Myron J. , Busuttil Ronald W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death from malignancy worldwide, and its increasing incidence parallels rising global rates of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV).MethodsThis retrospective review was undertaken to identify differences in the epidemiology and tumor characteristics of 255 patients with HCC due to chronic HBV (n = 105) or HCV (n = 150).ResultsHepatitis B patients were predominantly Asian (84%), whereas HCV patients were predominantly Caucasian (72%; p < 0.0001). Hepatitis B patients exhibited stronger family histories of liver disease (54%) and HCC (33%), whereas HCV risk factors included blood transfusion (56%), intravenous drug abuse (31%), and alcohol consumption (44%; p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Pretreatment laboratory values showed lower albumin and platelet levels but higher bilirubin and AST levels in HCV versus HBV patients (p < 0.0001 to 0.01). As cirrhosis was present in nearly all HCV patients, but only in 79% of HBV patients, HCV patients had more stigmata of portal hypertension, including ascites (65%), varices (86%), splenomegaly (77%), and encephalopathy (41%; p < 0.0002 for all comparisons). Although tumors in HBV patients were larger (7.3 cm versus 5.1 cm; p = 0.0001) and more frequently bilobar, the tumor grade, number of tumors, and metastases were similar for both groups. Hepatitis C patients received less treatment, including chemoembolization and surgical resection. The 5‐year survival was higher in HBV patients compared to HCV patients (56% versus 36%, p = 0.046).ConclusionsPatients with HBV‐ and HCV‐related HCC have different epidemiologic, clinical, and survival characteristics. More HCV patients presented with advanced cirrhosis, received less aggressive treatment, and experienced lower 5‐year survival.
Attenuation of Kupffer Cell Function in Acute on Chronic Liver Injury Enhanced Engraftment of Transplanted Hepatocytes
Authors: Yuan Ray‐Hwang , Chen Hui‐Ling , Chen Huey‐Ling , Hsu Ming‐Kung , Lee Po‐Huang , Chang Mei‐Hwei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed to elucidate the relationship of engraftment efficiency of transplanted cells and Kupffer cell function in mice with acute on chronic liver injury and acute liver injury.MethodsThe recipient dipeptidyl peptidase IV knockout (DPPIV–/–) mice were divided into two groups: (1) the acute on chronic liver injury group (CCl4/APAP group) that received CCl4 (1 ml/kg) twice a week for 4 weeks following one dose of acetaminophen (APAP), 600 mg/kg; (2) the acute liver injury group (APAP‐only group) that received a single dose of APAP at 600 mg/kg. DPPIV+/+ hepatocytes were transplanted 24 h after APAP intoxication. Engraftment efficiency was evaluated at day 7 and day 14 after transplantation. The tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) mRNA expression level of Kupffer cells immediately before cell transplantation was compared between the two groups before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) stimulation.ResultsThe number of transplanted cells and clusters in each 100× microscopic field were higher in the CCl4/APAP group at both day 7 (21.5 ± 6.3 versus 8.3 ± 4.0, p < 0.001; 14.9 ± 4.6 versus 6.6 ± 3.4, p < 0.001, respectively) and day 14 (17.3 ± 4.4 versus 10.2 ± 3.3, p = 0.001; 12.6 ± 3.2 versus 7.9 ± 1.6, p = 0.004, respectively). After LPS stimulation, the expression level of TNF‐α was lower (175.7 ± 54.6 versus 465.6 ± 64.2, p = 0.002), and the increment of TNF‐α expression was also less significant in the CCl4/APAP group (1.5‐fold versus 6.5‐fold, p = 0.014).ConclusionsChronic liver injury desensitized Kupffer cells and reduced TNF‐α expression, two results that correlated with the increased engraftment of transplanted cells.