bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety and stress among Saudi adolescent school boys
Authors: Al-Gelban Khalid S 
Published: January 2007

Aims: This study reports on research to determine the prevalence rates and severity of depression, anxiety and stress among Saudi adolescent boys. A cross-sectional study, of secondary school boys at Abha, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia was conducted. Methods: The systematic sampling method was used to select a class at each level in a school. All the students were informed in detail about the study. The Arabic version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to establish school-boy levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Results: Results indicated that of 1723 male students recruited to this study, 59.4% had at least one of the three disorders, 40.7% had at least two and 22.6% had all the three disorders. Moreover, more than one third of the participants (38.2%) had depression, while 48.9% had anxiety and 35.5% had stress. Depression, anxiety and stress were strongly, positively, and significantly correlated. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is an urgent need to pay more attention to the mental health of adolescent secondary school boys in Saudi Arabia. Further studies are needed to explore knowledge and attitude of students, parents and teachers concerning mental health.
Modeling of oxygen mass transfer in a gas–liquid airlift reactor
Authors: Talvy Samuel , Cockx Arnaud , Liné Alain 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article focuses on the physical modeling and numerical simulation of mass transfer in two‐phase bubbly flow in an airlift internal loop reactor. The objective of this article is to show the ability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to correctly simulate mass transfer in such a bubbly reactor. The modeling of two‐phase bubbly flow is based on the so‐called two‐fluid model derived from Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations in two‐phase flow. From the hydrodynamic perspective, the flow is steady state. Given the steady‐state distributions of phases, interfacial area, and velocity field in the whole volume of the airlift, mass transfer is computed and the evolution of oxygen concentration in the two phases is predicted. Numerical simulations are discussed after comparison to experimental data. The simulations are validated in terms of oxygen concentration in the liquid vs. time. Then, different points are discussed, in particular, the perfectly mixed reactor assumption in the liquid phase and the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oxygen concentration in the gas arising from oxygen impoverishment in bubbles in the downcomer. This leads to heterogeneity of the transfer driving force between the gas and the liquid. Bubble age or residence time in the airlift loop reactor has been calculated to show the weak renewal of oxygen in bubbles in the downcomer. This discussion generates questions on the estimation of a global mass transfer coefficient from experiments in such a heterogeneous airlift reactor. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: Effects on human cognitive function
Authors: Haarala Christian , Takio Fiia , Rintee Taija , Laine Matti , Koivisto Mika , Revonsuo Antti , Hämäläinen Heikki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe possible effects of continuous wave (CW) and pulse modulated (PM) electromagnetic field (EMF) on human cognition was studied in 36 healthy male subjects. They performed cognitive tasks while exposed to CW, PM, and sham EMF. The subjects performed the same tasks twice during each session; once with left‐sided and once with right‐sided exposure. The EMF conditions were spread across three testing sessions, each session separated by 1 week. The exposed hemisphere, EMF condition, and test order were counterbalanced over all subjects. We employed a double‐blind design: both the subject and the experimenter were unaware of the EMF condition. The EMF was created with a signal generator connected via amplifier to a dummy phone antenna, creating a power output distribution similar to the original commercial mobile phone. The EMF had either a continuous power output of 0.25 W (CW) or pulsed power output with a mean of 0.25 W. An additional control group of 16 healthy male volunteers performed the same tasks without any exposure equipment to see if mere presence of the equipment could have affected the subjects' performance. No effects were found between the different EMF conditions, separate hemisphere exposures, or between the control and experimental group. In conclusion, the current results indicate that normal mobile phones have no discernible effect on human cognitive function as measured by behavioral tests. Bioelectromagnetics 28:289–295, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volsurf computational method applied to the prediction of stability of thermostable enzymes
Authors: Braiuca Paolo , Buthe Andreas , Ebert Cynthia , Linda Paolo , Gardossi Lucia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA computational model for the quantitative prediction of protein thermostability has been developed by means of the Volsurf method. A data set of 22 enzymes of reported thermostability in water systems, for the most part coming from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms, has been built up. Molecular descriptors of the protein surface have been calculated and their role in the stabilization of the macromolecule has been analyzed by a multivariate statistical approach. The resulting regression model has shown a good predictivity and it has been able to quantitatively identify some structural requirements correlated with protein stability. The method can be the basis for a new computational support tool in rational protein design, which is complementary to the existing methods based on the sequence analysis.
Interruption of blood flow during compression and radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization
Authors: Sanmartin Marcelo , Gomez Monica , Rumoroso Jose Ramon , Sadaba Mario , Martinez Maite , Baz Jose Antonio , Iniguez Andres 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: To analyze the possible relationship between compression after transradial catheterization and radial artery occlusion. Background: Radial artery occlusion is an important concern of transradial catheterization. Interruption of radial artery flow during compression might influence the rate of radial artery occlusion at follow‐up. Methods: A prospective study including 275 consecutive patients undergoing transradial catheterization was conducted. Arterial sheaths were removed immediately after procedures and conventional compressive dressings were left in place for 2 hr. The pulse oximeter signal in the index finger during ipsilateral ulnar compression was used for the assessment of radial artery flow. Results: Radial artery flow was absent in 174 cases (62%) immediately after entry‐site compression. After 2 hr of conventional hemostasis, radial artery flow was absent in 162 cases (58%) before bandage removal. At 7‐day follow‐up, 12 patients (4.4%) had absent pulsations and radial artery flow was absent in 29 cases (10.5%). Patients with an occluded radial artery at follow‐up had significantly smaller arterial diameters at baseline (2.23 ± 0.4 mm vs. 2.40 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.032) and more frequently had absent flow during hemostasis (90% vs. 54%, P < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that absent flow before compressive bandages removal was the only independent predictor of radial artery occlusion at follow‐up (OR = 6.7; IC 95%: 1.95‐22.9; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Flow‐limiting compression is a frequent finding during conventional hemostasis after transradial catheterization. Absence of radial artery flow during compression represents a strong predictor of radial artery occlusion. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of soluble CD14 as an endogenous agonist for Toll‐like receptor 2 on human astrocytes by genome‐scale functional screening of glial cell derived proteins
Authors: Bsibsi Malika , Bajramovic Jeffrey J. , Van Duijvenvoorden Eveline , Persoon Carla , Ravid Rivka , Van Noort Johannes M. , Vogt Mario H. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHuman astrocytes express a limited repertoire of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) family members including TLR1‐4, which are expressed on the cell surface. Also, TLR3 but not TLR4 activation on astrocytes induces expression of several factors involved in neuroprotection and down‐regulation of inflammation rather than in the onset of traditional pro‐inflammatory reactions. The notion that astrocyte TLR may thus play a role not only in host defense but also in tissue repair responses prompted us to examine the possibility that endogenous TLR agonists could be expressed in the human central nervous system to regulate the apparently dual astrocyte functions during trauma or inflammation. As a potential source of endogenous agonists, a cDNA library derived from several human brain tumor cell lines was used. Gene pools of this library were transfected into COS‐7 cells and the expression products were screened for their ability to induce TLR activation in human primary astrocytes. The screening resulted in the identification of soluble CD14. By using a panel of TLR‐transfected HEK293 cells, we found that signaling by soluble CD14 was TLR2 dependent. Moreover, the CD14‐triggered TLR2‐mediated response in astrocytes lead to the production of CXCL8, IL‐6, and IL12p40, whereas typical TLR‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines, like TNF‐α and IL‐1β, were not produced at detectable levels. In conclusion, our data indicate that apart from its well‐known ability to act as a co‐receptor for TLR‐dependent signaling by peptidoglycans or LPS, soluble CD14 can also act as a direct agonist for TLR2. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Naganuma Toru , Kuriyama Shinichi , Akhter Munira , Kakizaki Masako , Nakaya Naoki , Matsuda‐Ohmori Kaori , Shimazu Taichi , Fukao Akira , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn inverse association between coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer has been reported in several case–control studies, but results from prospective cohort studies have been inconclusive. We conducted a prospective cohort study among a Japanese population to clarify the association between coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer incidence. We used data from the Miyagi Cohort Study for this analysis. Usable self‐administered questionnaires about coffee consumption were returned from 22,836 men and 24,769 women, aged 40–64 years, with no previous history of cancer. We used the Cox proportional‐hazard regression model to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During 11.6 years of follow‐up (425,303 person‐years), we identified 457 cases of colorectal cancer. Coffee consumption was not associated with the incidence of colorectal, colon or rectal cancer. The multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of colorectal cancer incidence for 3 or more cups of coffee per day as compared with no consumption was 0.95 (0.65–1.39) for men and women (p for trend = 0.55), 0.91 (0.56–1.46) for men (p for trend = 0.53) and 1.16 (0.60–2.23) for women (p for trend = 0.996). Coffee consumption was also not associated with incidence of either proximal or distal colon cancer. We conclude that coffee consumption is not associated with the incidence risk of colorectal cancer in the general population in Japan. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MascotDatfile: An open‐source library to fully parse and analyse MASCOT MS/MS search results
Authors: Helsens Kenny , Martens Lennart , Vandekerckhove Joël , Gevaert Kris 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMS‐based protein identification is an important part of both gel‐based and gel‐free proteome studies. The MASCOT search engine (http://www.matrixscience.com) provides one of the most popular automated algorithms for this task. Here we present an open‐source software library written in Java that parses raw MASCOT results into an easily accessible and fully functional object model (http://genesis.ugent.be/MascotDatfile). Several scripts based on this library are provided as examples, allowing direct automation of important routine tasks involved in processing peptide identifications.
Evaluation of a black‐box estimation tool: A case study
Authors: Abran Alain , Ndiaye Iphigénie , Bourque Pierre 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFor the past 30 years, various estimation models and tools have been developed to help managers perform estimation tasks. Some of these estimation tools date from the late 1970s, and have been progressively modernized by their vendors in terms of tools' user interfaces and new functions to facilitate not only project estimation but also detailed project planning. For organizations interested in using such estimation tools, it is crucial to know about their predictive performance. However, it is not an industry practice for the vendors to document the performance of these commercial estimation tools; estimation tool builders have not provided information on the performance of their models with respect to their own initial data repositories, nor on subsequent versions. Basically, such estimation tools are often black boxes with undocumented performance properties.Various researchers have attempted to analyze the performance of such black‐box estimation tools within the constraints of research data sets that were fairly small compared to the larger ones as claimed by tool vendors. The research presented here revisits this issue, this time with a much larger data set from the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG). This new study is presented in three steps. First, the data set is analyzed by the programming language and corresponding subsamples are identified, including identification of obvious outliers with respect to effort and size. Second, estimation models are built directly from such samples, in a white‐box fashion, with and without outliers. Third, a commercial software estimation tool widely distributed throughout the world is tested against the same set of samples. In summary, for the majority of samples available, the black‐box tool fares fairly poorly. Lessons learned are of two types: prospective tool users should demand that tool vendors benchmark their black‐box tool against publicly available repositories; and the interval of confidence of the output provided by their tool, as well as the basis for such output (e.g. in terms of both the number of observations and currentness of such data), must be documented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of (n−3) and (n−6) fatty acids in desaturation and chain elongation of essential fatty acids in cultured glioma cells
Authors: Cook Harold W. , Spence Matthew W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRecent research in various biological systems has revived interest in interactions between the (n−6) and (n−3) essential fatty acids. We have utilized cultured glioma cells to show that linolenic acid, 18∶3(n−3), is rapidly desaturated and chain elongated; 20∶5(n−3) is the major product and accumulates almost exclusively in phospholipids. We examined effects of various (n−6), (n−3), (n−9) and (n−7) fatty acids at 40 μM concentration on desaturation and chain elongation processes using [1‐14C]18∶3(n−3) as substrate. In general, monoenoic fatty acids were without effect. The (n−6) fatty acids (18∶2, 18∶3, 20∶3, 20∶4 and 22∶4) had little effect on total product formed. There was a shift of labeled product to triacylglycerol, and in phospholipids, slightly enhanced conversion of 20∶5 to 22∶5 was evident. In contrast, 22∶6(n−3) was inhibitory, whereas 20∶3(n−3) and 20∶5(n−3) had much less effect. At concentrations <75 μM, all acids were inhibitory. Most products were esterified to phosphatidylcholine, but phosphatidylethanolamine also contained a major portion of 20∶5 and 22∶5. We provide a condensed overview of how the (n−6) and (n−3) fatty acids interact to modify relative rates of desaturation and chain elongation, depending on the essential fatty acid precursor. Thus, the balance between these dietary acids can markedly influence enzymes providing crucial membrane components and substrates for biologically active oxygenated derivatives.
Metabolism in humans ofcis‐12,rans‐15‐octadecadienoic acid relative to palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids
Authors: Emken E. A. , Rohwedder W. K. , Adlof R. O. , Rakoff H. , Gulley R. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMixtures of triglycerides containing deuterium‐labeled hexadecanoic acid (16∶0), octadecanoic acid (18∶0),cis‐9‐octadecenoic acid (9c–18∶1),cis‐9,cis‐12‐octadecadienoic acid (9c, 12c–18∶2) andcis‐12,trans‐15‐octadecadienoic acid (12c,15t–18∶2) were fed to two young‐adult males. Plasma lipid classes were isolated from samples collected periodically over 48 hr. Incorporation and turnover of the deuterium‐labeled fats in plasma lipids were followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of the methyl ester derivatives. Absorption of the deuterated fats was followed by GC‐MS analysis of chylomicron triglycerides isolated by ultracentrifugation.Results were the following: (i) endogenous fat contributed about 40% of the total fat incorporated into chylomicron triglycerides; (ii) elongation, desaturation and chain‐shortened products from the deuterated fats were not detected; (iii) the polyunsaturated isomer 12c,15t–18∶2 was metabolically more similar to saturated and 9c–18∶1 fatty acids than to 9c,12c–18∶2 (iv) relative incorporation of 9c,12c–18∶2 into phospholipids did not increase proportionally with an increase of 9c,12c–18∶2 in the mixture of deuterated fats fed; (v) absorption of 16∶0, 18∶0, 9c–18∶1, 9c,12c–18∶2 and 12c,15t–18∶2 were similar; and (vi) data for the 1‐ and 2‐acyl positions of phosphatidylcholine and for cholesteryl ester fractions reflected the known high specificity of phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and lecithin:cholesteryl acyltransferase for 9c,12c–18∶2.These results illustrate that incorporation of dietary fatty acids into human plasma lipid classes is selectively controlled and that incorporation of dietary 9c,12c–18∶2 is limited. These results suggest that nutritional benefits of diets high in 9c,12c–18∶2 may be of little value to normal subjects and that the 12c,15t–18∶2 isomer in hydrogenated fat is not a nutritional liability at the present dietary level.
Effects on plasma lipids and fatty acid composition of very low fat diets enriched with fish or kangaroo meat
Authors: Sinclair Andrew J. , O'Dea Kerin , Dunstan Graeme , Ireland Paul D. , Niall Maggie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effects of very low fat diets (<7% energy) enriched with different sources of long chain (C20 and C22) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on plasma lipid levels and plasma fatty acids (PUFA) on plasma lipid levels and plasma fatty acid composition were studied in 13 healthy volunteers. Three diets provided 500 g/day of tropical Australian fish (rich in arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), southern Australian fish (rich in docosahexaenoic acid) or kangaroo meat (rich in linoleic and arachidonic acids). The fourth diet was vegetarian, similarly low in fat but containing no 20‐ and 22‐carbon PUFA. Subjects ate their normal or usual diets on weeks 1 and 4 and the very low fat diets in weeks 2 and 3. Weighed food intake records were kept, and weeks 2, 3 and 4 were designed to be isoenergetic with week 1.Plasma cholesterol levels fell significantly on all diets within one week. There were reductions in both low density (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, with effects on HDL cholesterol being more consistent. There were no consistent or significant effects on total triglyceride levels despite the high carbohydrate content of the diets. On all diets the percentage of linoleic acid fell in the plasma phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fractions, while the percentage of palmitic acid in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters and palmitoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction rose on all diets. The percentage of arachidonic acid rose in the phospholipid and cholesteryl esters on the two diets that were good sources of this fatty acid (tropical fish and kangaroo meat). The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid also rose on the two diets that were the richest sources of this fatty acid (the fish diets), and the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid rose in the phospholipid and cholesteryl esters in proportion to the dietary level of this fatty acid (southern fish > kangaroo > tropical fish). The changes in fatty acid composition were almost completely reversed within seven days of returning to the usual higher fat diets.
Lipid metabolism of the yellow clam,Mesodesma mactroides: I. Composition of the lipids
Authors: De Moreno Julia E. A. , Moreno Victor J. , Brenner Rodolfo R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe lipid composition of the yellow clam,Mesodesma mactroides, that lives in the northern beaches of the Buenos Aires province of Argentina was studied. The main nonpolar lipids are triglycerides and alkoxyglycerides. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine are the main phospholipids. The predominant fatty acids are 16∶0, 16∶1ω7, 18∶0, 18∶1ω9, 20∶5ω3, and 22∶6ω3. The are mainly provided by the clam's food and stored in the hepatopancreas. The content of polyunsaturated acids increases in summer together with an increase in nonpolar lipids and is correlative with an increase in phytoplankton in the sea water. Sexual maturity modifies the lipid composition of gametes.
Fluorescent product formation and changes in structure of DNA reacted with peroxidizing arachidonic acid
Authors: Reiss U. , Al Tappel L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCalf thymus DNA was reacted with peroxidizing arachidonic acid at 37 C for 76 hr. Fluorescent DNA products increased with reaction time. These products had characteristic fluorescence spectra with maximum excitation at 315 nm and maximum fluorescence at 420 nm. Structural changes occurred in the DNA reacted with peroxidizing arachidonic acid, as observed by decreased melting point, decreased hyperchromicity, partial resistance to hydrolysis by deoxyribonuclease and by decreased template activity for rat liver RNA polymerase.
Fluorescent products of phospholipids during lipid peroxidation
Authors: Bidlack W. R. , Tappel A. L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDuring peroxidation, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine formed fluorescent chromophores with maximum emission at 435 nm and maximum excitation at 365 nm. The development of fluorescence was related to formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance during lipid peroxidation. This relationship was studied by reacting dipalmityl phosphatidyl ethanolamine with the oxidation products of the methyl esters of arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic fatty acids. Reaction parameters affecting the development of lipid‐extractable fluorescent chromophores are: the production of peroxidation products, especially malonaldehyde, from autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids; the length of time these products react; and the availability of reactive amino groups on the phospholipids.