bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate Daily Exercise Activates Metabolic Flexibility to Prevent Prenatally Induced Obesity
Authors: Miles Jennifer L. , Huber Korinna , Thompson Nichola M. , Davison Michael , Breier Bernhard H. 
Published: September 2008

Obesity and its associated comorbidities are of major worldwide concern. It is now recognized that there are a number of metabolically distinct pathways of obesity development. The present paper investigates the effect of moderate daily exercise on the underlying mechanisms of one such pathway to obesity, through interrogation of metabolic flexibility. Pregnant Wistar rats were either fed chow ad libitum or undernourished throughout pregnancy, generating control or intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) offspring, respectively. At 250 d of age, dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry scans and plasma analyses showed that moderate daily exercise, in the form of a measured amount of wheel running (56 m/d), prevented the development of obesity consistently observed in nonexercised IUGR offspring. Increased plasma C-peptide and hepatic atypical protein kinase Cζ levels explained increased glucose uptake and increased hepatic glycogen storage in IUGR offspring. Importantly, whereas circulating levels of retinol binding protein 4 were elevated in obese, nonexercised IUGR offspring, indicative of glucose sparing without exercise, retinol binding protein 4 levels were normalized in the exercised IUGR group. These data suggest that IUGR offspring have increased flexibility of energy storage and use and that moderate daily exercise prevents obesity development through activation of distinct pathways of energy use. Thus, despite a predisposition to develop obesity under sedentary conditions, obesity development was prevented in IUGR offspring when exercise was available. These results emphasize the importance of tailored lifestyle changes that activate distinct pathways of metabolic flexibility for obesity prevention.
Obesity induced by prenatal undernutrition is effectively prevented by moderate daily exercise through the activation of distinct pathways of hepatic metabolic flexibility.
Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism Caused by Biallelic Mutations of the Dual Oxidase 2 Gene in Japanese Patients Detected by a Neonatal Screening Program
Authors: Maruo Yoshihiro , Takahashi Hiroko , Soeda Ikumi , Nishikura Noriko , Matsui Katsuyuki , Ota Yoriko , Mimura Yu , Mori Asami , Sato Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2008

Context: Mutations in dual oxidase (DUOX2) have been proposed as a cause of congenital hypothyroidism. Previous reports suggest that biallelic mutations of DUOX2 cause permanent congenital hypothyroidism and that monoallelic mutations cause transient congenital hypothyroidism.
Objective: To clarify the inheritance of hypothyroidism, we looked at the DUOX2 gene in patients with transient congenital hypothyroidism.
Design: DUOX2, thyroid peroxidase, Na+/I− symporter and dual oxidase maturation factor 2 genes were analyzed in eight patients with transient congenital hypothyroidism, using the PCR-amplified direct sequencing method.
Patients: The eight patients were found by a neonatal screening program. Six of these patients belonged to two independent families; the other two were unrelated. Their serum TSH values varied from 24.8–233.0 mU/liter. Six of the eight patients had a low serum freeT4 level (0.19–0.84 ng/dl). Seven of the eight patients were treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, which ceased to be necessary by 9 yr of age.
Results: Eight novel mutations were detected in the DUOX2 gene. Four patients in one family were compound heterozygous for p.L479SfsX2 and p.K628RfsX10. Two patients in a second family were compound heterozygous for p.K530X and p.[E876K;L1067S]. The two remaining unrelated patients were also compound heterozygous, for p.H678R/p.L1067S and p.A649E/p.R885Q, respectively.
Conclusion: All eight patients had biallelic mutations in the DUOX2 gene. We find that loss of DUOX2 activity results in transient congenital hypothyroidism and that transient congenital hypothyroidism caused by DUOX2 mutations is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Effects of the Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Asoprisnil on Uterine Artery Blood Flow, Ovarian Activity, and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Uterine Leiomyomata Scheduled for Hysterectomy
Authors: Wilkens Julia , Chwalisz Kristof , Han Cong , Walker Jane , Cameron Iain T. , Ingamells Susan , Lawrence Alexandra C. , Lumsden Mary Ann , Hapangama Dharani , Williams Alistair R. W. , Critchley Hilary O. D. 
Published: September 2008

Introduction: Asoprisnil, a novel orally active selective progesterone receptor modulator, is being studied for the management of symptomatic uterine leiomyomata. The exact mechanism of action is not yet discerned. The primary objectives of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study included evaluation of the effect of asoprisnil on uterine artery blood flow. Furthermore, we assessed effects of asoprisnil on leiomyoma symptoms.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-three premenopausal patients scheduled for hysterectomy due to symptomatic uterine leiomyomata were recruited in four centers and treated with 10 or 25 mg asoprisnil or placebo for 12 wk before surgery. At baseline and before hysterectomy, all patients underwent sonographic assessment to measure impedance to uterine artery blood flow, determined by resistance index and pulsatility index, as well as volumes of largest leiomyoma and uterus. In addition, patients recorded intensity and frequency of menstrual bleeding on a menstrual pictogram. Each asoprisnil treatment was compared with placebo.
Results: The increased pulsatility index in both asoprisnil groups and the statistically significantly increased resistance index within the 25-mg asoprisnil group suggest a moderately decreased uterine artery blood flow. Analysis of menstrual pictogram scores showed a statistically significant larger decrease in frequency and intensity of bleeding for both asoprisnil groups compared with placebo. Bleeding was suppressed by asoprisnil 25mg in 91% of patients. Asoprisnil treatment was well tolerated when administered daily for a 12-wk period, and no serious adverse events occurred.
Conclusion: Asoprisnil moderately reduced uterine artery blood flow. This effect may contribute in part to the clinical effects of asoprisnil.
Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings
Authors: Ghaninia Majid , Larsson Mattias , Hansson Bill S. , Ignell Rickard 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARY
Female Aedes aegypti are vectors of dengue and yellow fever. Odor volatiles are the predominant cues that drive the host-seeking behavior of Ae. aegypti. Odorant molecules are detected and discriminated by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in sensory hairs, sensilla, located on the antennae and maxillary palps. In a previous study, we used odor volatiles that are behaviorally and/or electrophysiologically active for Ae. aegypti and other mosquito species to show that antennal ORNs of female Ae. aegypti are divided into functionally different classes. In the present study, we have, for the first time, conducted gas chromatography-coupled single sensillum recordings (GC–SSR) from antennal trichoid and intermediate sensilla of female Ae. aegypti in order to screen for additional putative host attractants and repellents. We used headspace collections from biologically relevant sources, such as different human body parts (including feet, trunk regions and armpit), as well as a plant species used as a mosquito repellent, Nepeta faassenii. We found that a number of ORN types strongly responded to one or more of the biological extracts. GC–SSR recordings revealed several active components, which were subsequently identified through GC-linked mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Electrophysiologically active volatiles from human skin included heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal.
SnO2 and ZnO Nanostructured Spheres Self-assembled by Nanocrystals: Microwave-assisted Preparation and Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhu Ying-Jie , Cao Shao-Wen 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We have developed a simple microwave-assisted solvothermal method for the preparation of SnO2 and ZnO hierarchically nanostructured spheres self-assembled by nanocrystals. The photocatalytic activity is significantly enhanced by simply mixing SnO2 and ZnO nanostructured spheres without any treatment or processing.
Use of DXA-Based Structural Engineering Models of the Proximal Femur to Discriminate Hip Fracture
Authors: Yang Lang , Peel Nicola , Clowes Jackie A , McCloskey Eugene V , Eastell Richard 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Several DXA-based structural engineering models (SEMs) of the proximal femur have been developed to estimate stress caused by sideway falls. Their usefulness in discriminating hip fracture has not yet been established and we therefore evaluated these models. The hip DXA scans of 51 postmenopausal women with hip fracture (30 femoral neck, 17 trochanteric, and 4 unspecified) and 153 age-, height-, and weight-matched controls were reanalyzed using a special version of Hologic's software that produced a pixel-by-pixel BMD map. For each map, a curved-beam, a curved composite-beam, and a finite element model were generated to calculate stress within the bone when falling sideways. An index of fracture risk (IFR) was defined over the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip as the stress divided by the yield stress at each pixel and averaged over the regions of interest. Hip structure analysis (HSA) was also performed using Hologic APEX analysis software. Hip BMD and almost all parameters derived from HSA and SEM were discriminators of hip fracture on their own because their ORs were significantly &gt;1. Because of the high correlation of total hip BMD to HSA and SEM-derived parameters, only the bone width discriminated hip fracture independently from total hip BMD. Judged by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, the trochanteric IFR derived from the finite element model was significant better than total hip BMD alone and similar to the total hip BMD plus bone width in discriminating all hip fracture and femoral neck fracture. No index was better than total hip BMD for discriminating trochanteric fractures. In conclusion, the finite element model has the potential to replace hip BMD in discriminating hip fractures.
Previous Sport Activity During Childhood and Adolescence Is Associated With Increased Cortical Bone Size in Young Adult Men
Authors: Nilsson Martin , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Physical activity during growth has been associated with altered cortical bone geometry, but it remains uncertain if the physical activity–induced increments in cortical bone size remain when the level of physical activity is diminished or ceased. The aim of this study was to investigate if physical activity during growth is associated with cortical bone geometry in currently inactive young men. In this study, 1068 men (18.9 ± 0.6 [SD] yr) were included. Cortical bone geometry at the tibia and radius were measured using pQCT. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information about current and previous sport activity. Subjects who continued to be active (n = 678) and who had been previously active (n = 285) in sports had a wider cortical bone (periosteal circumference [PC], 4.5% and 3.2%, respectively) with increased cross-sectional area (CSA; 12.5% and 6.9%) of the tibia than the always inactive subjects (n = 82). In the currently inactive men (n = 367), regression analysis (including covariates age, height, weight, calcium intake, smoking, and duration of inactivity) showed that previous sport activity was independently associated with cortical bone size of the tibia (CSA and PC). Amount of previous sport activity explained 7.3% of the total variation in cortical CSA. Subjects, who ceased their sport activity for up to 6.5 yr previously, still had greater cortical PC and CSA of the tibia than always inactive subjects. The results from this study indicate that sport activity during growth confers positive effects on bone geometry even though sport activity is ceased.
Grindhouse: An Experiment in the Death of Cinema
Authors: Benson-Allott Caetlin 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The cinematic double feature Grindhouse (2007) both celebrates cinematic history and typifies post-theatrical distribution practices. The film thematizes this paradox in the aesthetic tension between its two features, Planet Tenor and Death Proof, but each movie also offers a unique reinterpretation of its exploitation genre.
A Tale of Two Bills: Racism, Anti-Semitism, and the Sensibilities of a Public Historian
Authors: Bryans Bill 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This article examines from a public history perspective the movement by many to un-name Murray Hall on the Oklahoma State University campus because its namesake was a racist and anti-Semite. The former dormitory, currently being renovated, is named for William H. “Alfalfa Bill” Murray, who also is one of the most politically influential figures in Oklahoma history. It argues that the proponents of renaming have yet to take fully into account the complex historical legacy of Murray and the multiple historical meanings various publics find embedded in Murray Hall. These are, of course, issues with which public historians deal routinely.
Diet or exercise: what is more effective in preventing or reducing metabolic alterations?
Authors: Bo Simona , Ciccone Giovannino , Guidi Sabrina , Gambino Roberto , Durazzo Marilena , Gentile Luigi , Cassader Maurizio , Cavallo-Perin Paolo , Pagano Gianfranco 
Published: September 2008

Objective/designThe influence of diet and exercise on metabolic syndrome is controversial since fit individuals might also eat healthier foods. We evaluated the association of diet/exercise variation with reductions in metabolic variables and C-reactive protein (CRP) values in the experimental and control arms of a 1-year randomized lifestyle intervention trial performed in patients with multiple metabolic abnormalities.MethodsA prospective study of 169 cases and 166 controls after a lifestyle intervention was performed.ResultsIn the intervention group, 15/169 (8.9%), 63/169 (37.3%), and 70/169 (41.4%) reached only dietary, only exercise, and dietary/exercise targets respectively. Reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist were significant only in patients who increased exercise. Most controls did not reach any target (131/166, 78.9%), while only few patients reached only dietary (13/166, 7.8%), only exercise (5/166, 3.0%), and dietary/exercise targets (17/166, 10.2%). Weight, BMI, and waist reduction was more pronounced in those reaching the exercise target. In the whole cohort, increased exercise was inversely associated with weight, BMI, waist, and CRP, increased saturated fat was directly associated with weight, BMI, waist, and diastolic pressure variations, while increased fiber intake was inversely associated with glucose values in a multiple regression model. After adjusting for waist changes, the associations between exercise and CRP (ß=−0.023; 95% CI −0.028 −0.017; P<0.001) and the associations between fiber and glucose (ß=−0.022; −0.031 −0.013; P<0.001) remained significant.ConclusionsIndependent of weight reduction, exercise level and fiber intake are inversely associated with CRP and fasting glucose values respectively. Change in lifestyle may lower inflammation and prevent metabolic deterioration.
Smoking as a risk factor for thyroid volume progression and incident goiter in a region with improved iodine supply
Authors: Ittermann Till , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Kramer Axel , Below Harald , John Ulrich , Thamm Michael , Wallaschofski Henri , Völzke Henry 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveThe role of smoking in the pathogenesis of thyroid enlargement is currently under debate. It has been hypothesized that the effect of smoking on increased thyroid volume is larger in regions with than in regions without iodine deficiency. The aim of this paper was to investigate the association of smoking with thyroid volume progression and incident goiter for different age-strata in a region with improved iodine supply.Design and methodsThe population-based Study of Health in Pomerania compromised 3300 subjects with complete 5-year examination follow-up. Data from 2484 participants without known history of thyroid disorder or thyroid medication were analyzed. Thyroid size was evaluated by ultrasound. Determinants of thyroid volume progression and incident goiter, i.e., newly occurred goiter between baseline and follow-up, were analyzed by linear and logistic regression respectively.ResultsParticipants aged 20–39 years who were current smokers at baseline and at follow-up had a lower risk of incident goiter (odds ratio: 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15; 0.71; P=0.005). In this subpopulation, age was inversely related to thyroid volume progression. In subjects aged 60–79 years, smoking at baseline and follow-up was a risk factor for thyroid volume progression (β: 3.37; 95% CI: 0.84; 5.89; P=0.009). After exclusion of individuals who had actual goiter in ultrasound at baseline, this association disappeared.ConclusionWe conclude that the inverse association between smoking and goiter in young adults and the lacking association of smoking with goiter and thyroid volume progression in adult non-goitrous subjects indicate that smoking has a declining impact on thyroid growth in the study region. Our findings mirror the improved iodine supply of Northeast Germany.
The Majority of Multipotent Epidermal Stem Cells Do Not Protect Their Genome by Asymmetrical Chromosome Segregation
Authors: Sotiropoulou Panagiota A. , Candi Aurélie , Blanpain Cédric 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity in stem cells (SCs) is critical for preventing cancer formation and cellular senescence. The immortal strand hypothesis postulates that SCs protect their genome by keeping the same DNA strand throughout life by asymmetrical cell divisions, thus avoiding accumulation of mutations that can arise during DNA replication. The in vivo relevance of this model remains to date a matter of intense debate. In this study, we revisited this long-standing hypothesis, by analyzing how multipotent hair follicle (HF) SCs segregate their DNA strands during morphogenesis, skin homeostasis, and SC activation. We used three different in vivo approaches to determine how HF SCs segregate their DNA strand during cell divisions. Double-labeling studies using pulse-chase experiments during morphogenesis and the first adult hair cycle showed that HF SCs incorporate two different nucleotide analogs, contradictory to the immortal strand hypothesis. The co-segregation of DNA and chromatin labeling during pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that label retention in HF SCs is rather a mark of relative quiescence. Moreover, DNA labeling of adult SCs, similar to labeling during morphogenesis, also resulted in label retention in HF SCs, indicating that chromosome segregation occurs randomly in most of these cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that DNA strand segregation occurs randomly in the majority of HF SCs during development, tissue homeostasis, and following SC activation.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Toxicokinetics of perfluorocarboxylate isomers in rainbow trout
Authors: De Silva Amila O. , Tseng Pablo J. , Mabury Scott A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and other perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) are widely dispersed in the environment. Current and/or historical production of PFOA and fluorochemical precursors was conducted by telomerization and electrochemical fluorination (ECF). Telomer products typically contain linear chains of perfluorocarbons, and ECF products are a mixture of linear and branched isomers. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of toxicokinetics on PFCA isomer profiles in fish since monitoring studies have revealed a predominance of n-isomers of PFCAs in biota. Using dietary exposure, rainbow trout were administered technical ECF PFOA isomers (6.9 μg/kg/d), linear perfluorononanoate (1.4 μg/kg/d n-PFNA), and isopropyl PFNA (1.1 μg/kg/d iso-PFNA) for 36 d and then switched to a 40-d clean diet. Throughout exposure and depuration phases, blood and tissue sampling ensued. The accumulation ratio (AR) revealed similar accumulation propensity of n-PFOA and two minor branched PFOA isomers; however, the majority of branched isomers had lower AR values than n-PFOA. Enrichment of n-PFOA and n-PFNA relative to most branched isomers was consistent in all tissues. First-order elimination (kd) and half-life (t1/2) values were calculated. The largest t1/2 corresponded to n-PFNA followed by iso-PFNA. In ECF PFOA isomers, both n-PFOA and one minor branched isomer had the largest t1/2, suggesting that this minor isomer could be diagnostic of ECF exposure using environmental PFOA isomer patterns. Results of lower-dose ECF PFOA exposure showed similar results to the high-dose study; it is possible that both scenarios resulted in saturation of processes involved in PFCA transport. As such, the toxicokinetics of PFCA isomers at environmentally realistic levels may deviate from the results of the present study.
Anti–TNF‐α Immunotherapy Is Associated With Increased Gingival Inflammation Without Clinical Attachment Loss in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pers Jacques‐Olivier , Saraux Alain , Pierre Roselyne , Youinou Pierre 
Published: September 2008

Background: Because periodontitis presents many similarities with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with regard to tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced bone resorption, the benefits of TNF‐α blockade in RA prompted us to determine its efficacy in treating coexisting periodontitis.Methods: Periodontal status was evaluated in 40 subjects with RA who were divided into two groups: Group I contained 20 subjects who had received infliximab every 6 weeks for ≥22 months at the time of periodontal evaluation. The 20 subjects in group II were evaluated before their first infusion with infliximab. Nine subjects in group II had periodontitis. These subjects were reevaluated after they received nine infusions of infliximab.Results: Infliximab tended to aggravate gingival inflammation as indicated by differences in the modified gingival and papillary bleeding indices between subjects in groups I and II with coexisting periodontitis before and after treatment. Methotrexate had no effect on periodontal status. Although the plaque index revealed that bacterial infection persisted, the probing depth was equal in groups I and II and equivalent before and after treatment in subjects with periodontitis, whereas attachment loss was decreased after infliximab treatment.Conclusions: Inflammation and destruction constitute two interrelated yet separate components of periodontitis in patients with RA. Therefore, TNF‐α blockade could be beneficial in the treatment of periodontitis.