bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tagging and Mapping Pse‐1 Gene for Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean Differential Cultivar UI‐3
Authors: Miklas Phillip N. , Fourie Deidré , Wagner Jennifer , Larsen Richard C. , Mienie Charlotte M.S. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTHalo blight [caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkh.) Young et al. (Psp)] is a serious seed‐borne bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A few resistance (R) genes and quantitative trait loci provide control to one or more races of the pathogen. To better understand monogenic resistance and improve breeding efficiency, we sought to tag and map a gene (Pse‐1) in host differential cultivar UI‐3 (previously named ‘Red Mexican UI‐3’) that provides resistance to races 1, 5, 7, and 9 of Psp Cosegregation for resistance to races 1, 5, 7, and 9, in a recombinant inbred population, ‘Canadian Wonder’/UI‐3 (CU), confirmed the effect of Pse‐1 against multiple races of the pathogen. Bulked‐segregant analysis in the CU population identified six random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers tightly linked (0–3.3 cM) to Pse‐1. Three of the RAPDs completely linked with Pse‐1 in the CU population were converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers SH11.800, SR13.1150, and ST8.1350. The linked markers were used to integrate Pse‐1 to linkage group B10 of the core map. Allelism tests (F2) confirmed relationships of Pse‐1 and Pse‐4 derived from UI‐3 with R genes in the other host differential cultivars. A survey of advanced lines and cultivars revealed that the SCAR markers generated in this study will have utility for marker‐assisted selection of Pse‐1 in germplasm from the Andean gene pool (e.g., kidney, calima) and from race Mesoamerican within the Middle American gene pool (black, carioca).
The Sensitivity Ratio: A Superior Method to Compare Plant and Pathogen Screening Tests
Authors: Otto‐Hanson Lindsey , Eskridge Kent M. , Steadman James R. , Madisa Gabotepele 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThere are numerous plant disease‐screening methods used to identify resistance in various crops. It is common practice to prefer the screening method with the smallest root mean square error (RMSE), least‐significant difference (LSD), or coefficient of variation (CV). However, valid comparison based on the RMSE or LSD requires both methods to have the same scale while the CV is only applicable if the scales are proportional to each other. Most plant disease‐screening methods developed for the same disease have different scales and, generally, it is not clear that the scales are proportional. The sensitivity ratio is a statistic specifically developed for comparing different measuring methods and is not based on any particular assumption about how the scales are related. We use the sensitivity ratio to compare two white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary] resistance screening methods on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and two methods of evaluating pathogen isolate aggressiveness on dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Our results suggest that the sensitivity ratio should be used when comparing plant disease‐screening methods.
Hulless Barley Seeding Rate Effects on Grain Yield and Yield Components
Authors: Thomason W. E. , Brooks W. S. , Griffey C. A. , Vaughn M. E. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTRecent efforts to expand markets for winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mid‐Atlantic have focused on hulless types due to higher energy density. The exposed endosperm of hulless barley makes damage more likely than with hulled barley, and emergence is typically lower. Information to determine the optimum seeding rate for winter hulless barley is presently unavailable. Experiments were conducted over six site‐years in Virginia to evaluate seeding rate effects on grain yield and yield components of six hulless and three hulled barley lines. Seeding rates ranged from 278 to 742 viable seeds m−2. At similar seeding rates, final plant stands for hulless lines were 75% of that for hulled varieties. At equivalent plant density of 320 plants m−2, average grain yield for hulled lines was 6000 kg ha−1 and 4500 kg ha−1 for hulless lines. Yield of the best hulless barley line was 80% that of the hulled lines. A large portion of this is attributable to lower individual kernel weight, due to the absence of the hull weight. Hulless barley lines also had 5% fewer heads per square meter and 29% fewer grains per head. Seeding rates for hulless barley in a conventional, tilled seedbed should be at least 400 seeds m−2 to approach optimum yields. These results also support the conclusion that seeding at 480 to 520 seeds m−2 is appropriate for sites with high yield (5000 kg ha−1) potential.
Chemical Composition and Mammary Cancer Inhibitory Activity of Dry Bean
Authors: Thompson Matthew D. , Brick Mark A. , McGinley John N. , Thompson Henry J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe global economic burden caused by chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer is enormous. Little information exists about the role that specific crops in the diet play to reduce these diseases. To address this question, the phenolic and flavonoid contents, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and anticancer activity of six market classes of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated. Cooked dry bean powder from two crop years were fed to laboratory rats to determine if bean had an effect on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis compared to the standard diet in a preclinical model for breast cancer. Dry beans in the diet reduced cancer incidence (no. of animals with cancerous tumor) from 95% in the control to 67% in animals fed bean, and mean multiplicity (no. of cancer tumors per animal) from 3.23 to 1.46, respectively (both P ≤ 0.001). Dry bean market classes differed for cancer multiplicity (white kidney vs. navy, 1.05 vs. 1.87 tumors per animal, P = 0.004), but anticancer activity was not associated with ORAC, phenolic or flavonoid content, seed coat color, or nutrient content. Dry bean market classes from the Andean center of domestication (COD) reduced cancer multiplicity more than those from the Middle American COD (P = 0.02), and dry beans from race Nueva Granada were more protective than those from race Mesoamerican (P = 0.01).
Differential Wilting among Soybean Genotypes in Response to Water Deficit
Authors: King C. Andy , Purcell Larry C. , Brye Kristofor R. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTGenotypic differences for canopy wilting have been reported for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but no wilting data have been published, and mechanisms for differences remain unresolved. In field studies in 2002 and 2003, differences for wilting among 19 genotypes were consistent across years. Plant introductions (PI 416937 and PI 471938) were among the slowest wilting genotypes, and breeding lines (93705‐34 and 93705‐95) were among the fastest wilting. Row spacing (18 vs. 80 cm wide) did not affect wilting, indicating that lateral rooting did not contribute to genotypic differences. In a separate field study, volumetric soil water content at 15‐ and 50‐cm depths was generally greater for slow‐wilting PI 416937 than for fast‐wilting 93705‐95. Wilting for both genotypes responded similarly to soil water content (r2 = 0.63–0.74). In a growth chamber study, transpiration declined similarly for fast‐ and slow‐wilting genotypes in response to soil water deficit. Wilting response to soil water was the same for slow‐wilting PI 416937 and fast‐wilting genotypes 93705‐34 and A5959. Slow‐wilting 93705‐36 began wilting at a lower soil water content than did PI416937, 93705‐34, and A5959, indicating that more than one mechanism may be responsible for slow wilting.
Epistasis for Quantitative Traits in Crosses between Soybean Lines from China and the United States
Authors: Martin S.K. St. , Xie Fu‐ti , Zhang Hui‐jun , Zhang Wei , Song Xian‐jun 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTEpistasis has sometimes been reported in qualitative and quantitative traits of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Our objective was to determine the extent to which epistasis occurred in crosses between soybean lines adapted to similar latitudes in Liaoning, China, and in Ohio, USA. We crossed ‘Tiefeng #27’ × HS97‐4534 and ‘Ohio FG1’ × ‘Shennong #6’, and developed random F4–derived lines from each cross and BC1F3–derived lines from the backcross to each parent. We tested the lines, along with parents and their checks, at Plain City, OH, in 2005 to 2007, and at Shenyang, Liaoning, in 2005 and 2006. Comparison of the means of parents, biparental lines, and both backcrosses revealed significant epistasis for plant height, maturity, 100‐seed weight, yield, internode length, number of branches, harvest index, and content of protein and oil, but the epistasis was not expressed consistently across environments or parental combinations. Further, in some cases simple digenic epistasis did not account for the results, implying higher‐order interactions among loci. Some of the results could be explained by interactions of loci controlling timing of reproductive stages and interactions between such loci and the environment. Breeders who make crosses between soybean lines adapted to northeastern China and the midwestern United States should be prepared for a high frequency of poorly adapted progeny.
Monitoring the Channel Formation in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors via Photoinduced Charge Transfer
Authors: Singh Thokchom Birendra , Koeppe Robert , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Morana Mauro , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConducting channel formation in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is considered to happen in the organic semiconductor layer very close to the interface with the gate dielectric. In the gradual channel approximation, the local density of accumulated charge carriers varies as a result of applied gate bias, with the majority of the charge carriers being localized in the first few semiconductor monolayers close to the dielectric interface. In this report, a new concept is employed which enables the accumulation of charge carriers in the channel by photoinduced charge transfer. An OFET employing C60 as a semiconductor and divinyltetramethyldisiloxane‐bis(benzocyclobutene) as the gate dielectric is modified by a very thin noncontinuous layer of zinc‐phthalocyanine (ZnPc) at the semiconductor/dielectric interface. With this device geometry, it is possible to excite the phthalocyanine selectively and photogenerate charges directly at the semiconductor/dielectric interface via photoinduced electron transfer from ZnPc onto C60. Thus the formation of a gate induced and a photoinduced channel in the same device can be correlated.
Multifunctional Nanobiomaterials for Neural Interfaces
Authors: Abidian Mohammad Reza , Martin David C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNeural electrodes are designed to interface with the nervous system and provide control signals for neural prostheses. However, robust and reliable chronic recording and stimulation remains a challenge for neural electrodes. Here, a novel method for the fabrication of soft, low impedance, high charge density, and controlled releasing nanobiomaterials that can be used for the surface modification of neural microelectrodes to stabilize the electrode/tissue interface is reported. The fabrication process includes electrospinning of anti‐inflammatory drug‐incorporated biodegradable nanofibers, encapsulation of these nanofibers by an alginate hydrogel layer, followed by electrochemical polymerization of conducting polymers around the electrospun drug‐loaded nanofibers to form nanotubes and within the alginate hydrogel scaffold to form cloud‐like nanostructures. The three‐dimensional conducting polymer nanostructures significantly decrease the electrode impedance and increase the charge capacity density. Dexamethasone release profiles show that the alginate hydrogel coating slows down the release of the drug, significantly reducing the burst effect. These multifunctional materials are expected to be of interest for a variety of electrode/tissue interfaces in biomedical devices.
Genetic linkage findings for DSM‐IV nicotine withdrawal in two populations
Authors: Pergadia Michele L. , Agrawal Arpana , Loukola Anu , Montgomery Grant W. , Broms Ulla , Saccone Scott F. , Wang Jen C. , Todorov Alexandre A. , Heikkilä Kauko , Statham Dixie J. , Henders Anjali K. , Campbell Megan J. , Rice John P. , Todd Richard D. , Heath Andrew C. , Goate Alison M. , Peltonen Leena , Kaprio Jaakko , Martin Nicholas G. , Madden Pamela A.F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNicotine withdrawal (NW) is both an important contributor to difficulty quitting cigarettes and because of mood‐related withdrawal symptoms a problem of particular relevance to psychiatry. Twin‐studies suggest that genetic factors influence NW (heritability = 45%). Only one previous linkage study has published findings on NW [Swan et al. (2006); Am J Med Genet Part B 141B:354–360; LOD = 2.7; Chr. 6 at 159 cM]. As part of an international consortium, genome‐wide scans (using over 360 autosomal microsatellite markers) and telephone diagnostic interviews were conducted on 289 Australian (AUS) and 161 Finnish (FIN, combined (COMB) N = 450 families) families ascertained from twin registries through index‐cases with a lifetime history of cigarette smoking. The statistical approach used an affected‐sib‐pair design (at least two adult full siblings reported a history of DSM‐IV NW) and conducted the linkage analyses using MERLIN. Linkage signals with LOD scores >1.5 were found on two chromosomes: 6 (FIN: LOD = 1.93 at 75 cM) and 11 at two different locations (FIN: LOD = 3.55 at 17 cM, and AUS: LOD = 1.68 with a COMB: LOD = 2.30 at 123 cM). The multipoint LOD score of 3.55 on chromosome 11p15 in FIN met genomewide significance (P = 0.013 with 1,000 simulations). At least four strong candidate genes lie within or near this peak on chromosome 11: DRD4, TPH, TH, and CHRNA10. Other studies have reported that chromosome 11 may harbor genes associated with various aspects of smoking behavior. This study adds to that literature by highlighting evidence for NW. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Totalsynthese des antiviralen Peptidantibiotikums Feglymycin
Authors: Dettner Frank , Hänchen Anne , Schols Dominique , Toti Luigi , Nußer Antje , Süssmuth Roderich D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHochkonvergent verlief die stereoselektive Totalsynthese von Feglymycin (1) und dessen Enantiomer durch Kupplung sich in der Struktur wiederholender Peptidfragmente. Nur schwach basische Reaktionsbedingungen während des gesamten Syntheseverlaufs unterdrückten eine Epimerisierung empfindlicher Arylglycine. 1 zeigt nicht nur eine bemerkenswerte Anti‐HIV‐Aktivität, sondern, entgegen früheren Ergebnissen, auch eine beachtliche antibakterielle Aktivität gegen Staphylococcus aureus.magnified image
A Bistable Poly[2]catenane Forms Nanosuperstructures
Authors: Olson Mark A. , Braunschweig Adam B. , Fang Lei , Ikeda Taichi , Klajn Rafal , Trabolsi Ali , Wesson Paul J. , Benítez Diego , Mirkin Chad A. , Grzybowski Bartosz A. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEin bistabiles seitenkettentragendes Poly[2]catenan wurde synthetisiert, das hierarchische hohle Überstrukturen mit nanoskaligen Abmessungen in Lösung bildet und elektromechanisch schaltbar ist (siehe Bild). Die Gleichgewichtsthermodynamik im Grundzustand und die Schaltkinetiken wurden untersucht, und die Ergebnisse dienen als Basis für die Entwicklung von molekular‐elektronischen Bauelementen und nanoelektromechanischen Systemen.magnified image
CF Activation at Rhodium Boryl Complexes: Formation of 2‐Fluoroalkyl‐1,3,2‐Dioxaborolanes by Catalytic Functionalization of Hexafluoropropene
Authors: Braun Thomas , Ahijado Salomon Marcel , Altenhöner Kai , Teltewskoi Michael , Hinze Silke 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFluorierte Bausteine durch C‐F‐Bindungsspaltung: Die Synthese neuartiger Dioxaborolane durch katalytische C‐F‐Aktivierung wird vorgestellt (siehe Schema). Die Reaktionen verlaufen bei Raumtemperatur, wobei als katalytische Zwischenstufen vermutlich Rhodiumhydrid‐ und Borylspezies auftreten.magnified image
Total Synthesis of the Antiviral Peptide Antibiotic Feglymycin
Authors: Dettner Frank , Hänchen Anne , Schols Dominique , Toti Luigi , Nußer Antje , Süssmuth Roderich D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn adaptable approach: The first highly convergent stereoselective synthesis of feglymycin (see structure) and its enantiomer is based on the coupling of repeating peptide fragments. The use of weakly basic conditions throughout the synthesis suppressed the epimerization of sensitive aryl glycine units. Feglymycin has strong anti‐HIV activity as well as potent (previously identified as weak) antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.magnified image
Semisynthesis of a Homogeneous Glycoprotein Enzyme: Ribonuclease C: Part 2
Authors: Piontek Christian , Varón Silva Daniel , Heinlein Christian , Pöhner Claudia , Mezzato Stefano , Ring Petra , Martin Andreas , Schmid Franz Xaver , Unverzagt Carlo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractActive RNase glycoprotein from three pieces: The glycoprotein enzyme ribonuclease C, which contains a complex saccharide N‐glycan, was synthesized by sequential native chemical ligation. An optimized ligation and isolation protocol allowed the efficient assembly and refolding of the 124 amino acid enzyme.magnified image
Trapping of a Thiolate→Dibromine Charge‐Transfer Adduct by a Macrocyclic Dinickel Complex and Its Conversion into an Arenesulfenyl Bromide Derivative
Authors: Steinfeld Gunther , Lozan Vasile , Krüger Hans‐Jörg , Kersting Berthold 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStuck on sulfur: The first transition‐metal complexes with SBr units are surprisingly stable. Solid 3 is stable for at least six months and under vacuum solid 2 does not lose Br2. The formation of the first structurally characterized transition‐metal arenesulfenyl bromide complex 3 occurs with a change of the spin ground state from S=2 to S=0.magnified image
Reaction of a Metallamacrocycle Leading to a Mercury(II)⋅⋅⋅Palladium(II)⋅⋅⋅Mercury(II) Interaction
Authors: Sharma Sagar , Baligar Rajesh S. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAll wrapped up: The reaction of a 22‐membered macrocycle derived from bis(o‐formylphenyl)mercury and 1,2‐phenylenediamine with palladium(II) results in cleavage of the macrocycle and concomitant formation of a trimetallic complex (see picture; phenyl rings truncated for clarity). The nature of the HgII⋅⋅⋅PdII⋅⋅⋅HgIIinteraction was investigated by theoretical studies.magnified image
Evidence for a Stereoelectronic Effect in Human Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Loenarz Christoph , Mecinović Jasmin , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , McNeill Luke A. , Flashman Emily , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHow PHDs achieve specificity: trans‐4‐prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor HIF occurs with stereochemical retention. Substrate‐analogue studies show how the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) and the oxygen‐sensing hydroxylases (PHDs) achieve specificity for hydroxyprolyl/prolyl residues for the C4‐exo/endo prolyl conformations, respectively.magnified image
STM Insight into Hydrogen‐Bonded Bicomponent 1 D Supramolecular Polymers with Controlled Geometries at the Liquid–Solid Interface
Authors: Ciesielski Artur , Schaeffer Gaël , Petitjean Anne , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBicomponent supramolecular polymers, consisting of two alternating molecules bridged through six H‐bonds, are observed by STM at the solid–liquid interface. Control of the geometry of the 1D architecture was obtained by using two different connecting molecules with different conformational rigidity, affording either linear (see picture, left) or zigzag (right) motifs.magnified image
Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to a Low‐Valent Group 13 Metal Species at 25 °C and 1 Atmosphere
Authors: Zhu Zhongliang , Wang Xinping , Peng Yang , Lei Hao , Fettinger James C. , Rivard Eric , Power Philip P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMild‐mannered: The low‐valent aryl gallium(I) species :GaAr′ (Ar′=2,6‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2C6H3) undergoes addition to H2 or NH3 at room temperature and one atmosphere of pressure to afford 1 or 2 (see scheme), which were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and NMR and IR spectroscopy.magnified image
Facilitated bone mineral density testing versus hospital‐based case management to improve osteoporosis treatment for hip fracture patients: Additional results from a randomized trial
Authors: Morrish Donald W. , Beaupre Lauren A. , Bell Neil R. , Cinats John G. , Hanley David A. , Harley Charles H. , Juby Angela G. , Lier Douglas A. , Maksymowych Walter P. , Majumdar Sumit R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe previously demonstrated that a case manager intervention improved osteoporosis (OP) treatment within 6 months of hip fracture compared with usual care. The second phase of the randomized trial compared a less intensive intervention, facilitated bone mineral density (BMD) testing, with usual care and the case manager intervention.MethodsWe initially randomized 220 hip fracture patients to either an OP case manager intervention or usual care. After completing the original trial at 6 months postfracture, usual care patients were reallocated to facilitated BMD testing; BMD tests were arranged and results sent to primary care physicians. Main outcomes (bisphosphonate treatment, BMD tests, receipt of appropriate care) were reascertained 1 year following hip fracture and compared with outcomes achieved by the OP case manager intervention and usual care.ResultsCompared with usual care, facilitated BMD testing increased testing from 29% to 68% (P < 0.001), bisphosphonate use from 22% to 38% (P < 0.001), and receipt of appropriate care from 26% to 45% (P < 0.001). The more intensive (70 versus 30 minutes) and expensive ($56 versus $24 Canadian per patient) OP case manager intervention led to significantly higher bisphosphonate use (54% versus 38%; P = 0.03), receipt of appropriate care (71% versus 45%; P < 0.001), and more BMD testing (80% versus 68%; P = 0.06) than usual care followed by facilitated BMD testing.ConclusionCompared with usual care, 2 different inexpensive interventions resulted in significant increases in appropriate management of OP after hip fracture. The magnitude of improvements achieved was directly related to the intensity of the interventions.