bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Greek Industrial Relations: Statutory and Attitudinal Changes Towards Participation and Cooperation
Authors: Jecchinis Chris 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT: Industrial relations in Greece were characterised in the past by labour‐management mistrust and conflict, as well as by strong government intervention which invariably influenced the state of industrial relations. Political instability and other serious interruptions, such as World War II, the enemy occupation, civil war and two military dictatorships, made any effort for improvement very difficult, if not impossible, in the 1936‐1974 period. Some concerted efforts were made later and especially in the 1980s (with EEC influence and support), which met with considerable success. A series of parliamentary acts and ministerial decrees, restored trade union freedoms, introduced statutory consultation and participation, strengthened collective bargaining, and established an independent agency for the settlement of disputes. Some degree of unity was also achieved among the major political factions represented in the trade union movement.More importantly (and in spite of their traditional reluctance to cooperate) the social partners represented on the employers‘ side by the Association of Greek Industries (SEV), and on the workers‘ side by the Greek General Confederation of Labour (GSEE) are beginning to move towards the development of innovatory systems of cooperation for the solution of problems of mutual concern. Furthermore, there are also some significant structural developments, including the establishment of a growing number of enterprise‐level trade unions, which are engaged in contract negotiations and agreements, and participation at the enterprise level. Additionally, appropriate research and training on both sides are helping to meet the socio‐economic challenges of the current decade and beyond.
Labour Market Regulation, Flexibility and Employment
Authors: Erickson Christopher L. , Mitchell Daniel J. B. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT: Chronic unemployment and slow employment growth in some countries have led to calls for more labor‐market “flexibility”. This paper defines the flexibility issue in terms of legally‐mandated “severance”, a generalized employment cost linked to seniority. A mandated severance benefit can stand for a variety of programs including employer‐provided employment guarantees, payments which must be made to laid‐off workers, and compensation for wrongful discharge. Such a mandated cost can be seen as a payroll tax on the employer, raising the issue of tax incidence.Employers often take the view that labor costs are given and that mandated costs are simply add‐ons to pre‐existing cost levels. However, the literature on tax incidence suggests that a significant portion of “employer‐paid” payroll taxes are shifted to labor in the form of lower wages. Such shifting should reduce the dis‐employment effects attributed to severance.A model is provided of a firm upon which a severance mandate is imposed. Even at the micro level, the firm can shift some of the cost of severance to employees by lowering wages — although at the expense of higher turnover costs associated with increased quit rates. At the macro level, to the extent that firms reduce employment, there could be still further downward wage adjustments which would shift the severance burden to labor and mitigate the dis‐employment effect.Ultimately, if the natural rate of unemployment is raised by severance mandates, the age‐old question is raised of why wages do not fall in the face of labor surpluses. The true inflexibility to be explained, therefore, is in wage determination.
Impact of Idiopathic Epilepsy on Mothers and Fathers: Strain, Burden of Care, Worries and Perception of Vulnerability
Authors: Ramaglia Giovanna , Romeo Antonino , Viri Maurizio , Lodi Monica , Sacchi Simona , Cioffi Giuseppina 
Published: June 2007

The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of idiopathic epilepsy on mothers and fathers in terms of strain, burden of care, worries and perception of vulnerability. Data were collected and analyzed shortly after the diagnosis (T0) and 12 months later (T1).The results indicated that at T0 parents of children with epilepsy showed higher levels of worries and perception of vulnerability than controls; mothers sustained a greater burden of care and exhibited higher levels of strain than fathers. At T1, strain and perception of vulnerability decreased both for mothers and fathers, while burden of care and worries remained stable. At T0 and T1, strain was associated with parents' perception of vulnerability and anxiety for their children's future.
Polyphenolic Grape Extract Inhibits Platelet Activation Through PECAM‐1: An Explanation for the French Paradox
Authors: De Lange Dylan W. , Verhoef Sandra , Gorter Gertie , Kraaijenhagen Rob J. , Van De Wiel Albert , Akkerman Jan‐Willem N. 
Published: June 2007

Background: Moderate and prolonged consumption of red wine is associated with decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inhibition of platelet functions by ingredients in red wine is thought to be one of the causes. However, the molecular mechanism of this inhibition has remained unexplained.Materials and Methods: We measured aggregation, changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and tyrosine phosphorylation of the inhibitory receptor platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) in platelets stimulated with thrombin receptor (PAR‐1) activating peptide (TRAP) and ADP and investigated the effects of alcohol‐free polyphenolic grape extract (PGE), alcohol, and the polyphenols catechin, epi‐catechin, resveratrol, trans‐resveratrol, and gallic acid.Results: Polyphenolic grape extract induced dose‐dependent inhibition of TRAP‐induced and ADP‐induced platelet aggregation and Ca2+ mobilization. Inhibition was accompanied by activation of PECAM‐1. Apart from a slight inhibition by catechin, ethanol or other individual polyphenols failed to inhibit aggregation or activate PECAM‐1.Conclusions: Red wine inhibits platelet functions through its PGE content, which stimulates the inhibitory receptor PECAM‐1, thereby attenuating platelet activation.
Effects of Drivers' License Suspension Policies on Alcohol‐Related Crash Involvement: Long‐Term Follow‐Up in Forty‐Six States
Authors: Wagenaar Alexander C. , Maldonado‐Molina Mildred M. 
Published: June 2007

Background: We evaluated the effects of driving under the influence (DUI) mandatory preconviction and postconviction drivers' license suspension laws in each of 46 U.S. states using 1 to 2 decades of long‐term follow‐up data on fatal car crashes. State‐specific results were combined using meta‐analytic techniques, and provide a direct test of the concept of celerity—time between offending behavior and consequent punishment—from deterrence theory.Methods: Four key outcome measures of monthly fatal alcohol‐related crash involvement were examined using data from January 1976 through December 2002: single‐vehicle nighttime, breath or blood alcohol concentration (BAC)=0.01 to 0.07, BAC=0.08 to 0.14, and BAC≥0.15 g/dL. Missing BAC test data for some individual cases were filled using multiple imputation methods, and consequent increases in standard errors were incorporated into subsequent analyses. Separate ARIMA models were estimated for each state, including controls for state‐specific levels of crash involvement over time due to other factors and effects of other major DUI countermeasures. Estimates were pooled across states using inverse variance weighting methods.Results: Administrative or preconviction drivers license suspension policies have statistically significant and substantively important effects in reducing alcohol‐related fatal crash involvement by 5%, representing at least 800 lives saved per year in the United States. Moreover, these laws have similar effects on drivers at all drinking levels—from lower‐risk drivers below the legal alcohol limit to drivers at extreme levels of intoxication. In clear contrast, postconviction license suspension policies have no discernable effects.Conclusions: The effectiveness of a deterrence policy appears to be more strongly affected by celerity—the speed by which punishment is applied after the offending behavior—than by the high severity of the penalty. This finding could be fruitfully applied to other areas of alcohol control policy and laws and regulations in general.
Surface Quality and Long‐term Dimensional Stability of Current Elastomeric Impression Materials after Disinfection
Authors: Walker Mary P. , Rondeau Meagan , Petrie Cynthia , Tasca Amy , Williams Karen 
Published: June 2007

Purpose:
The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the effect of disinfection on surface quality and dimensional stability of more recent, reformulated vinylpolysiloxane (VPS) and polyether (PE) materials.
Methods: Using ANSI/American Dental Association (ADA) specification 19 protocols, 50 impressions of stainless steel dies were made with each material. Ten impressions of each material were randomly assigned to a treatment group: (1) no disinfectant; (2) 10‐minute dual phenol immersion; (3) 1‐hour dual phenol; (4) 10‐minute sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); and (5) 1‐hour NaOCl. Impression surface quality immediately after disinfection was categorized as smooth/shiny, matte, or wrinkled/sticky. Dimensional stability was evaluated by measuring dimensional accuracy according to specification 19 after 24‐hour, 1‐week, and 2‐week storage at ambient laboratory conditions.
Results: The PE material surface quality was significantly affected (Pearson Chi‐square, p≤ 0.05) by NaOCl with a mottled surface on 30% of the impressions after 10‐minute immersion and a matte/sticky surface on 100% of the PE impressions after 1‐hour immersion. Separate 2‐factor analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests of dimensional accuracy within each material indicated a significant difference (p≤ 0.05) between non‐disinfected and disinfected PE impressions, which exhibited expansion. There were also significant differences (p≤ 0.05) in both VPS and PE dimensional accuracy as a function of measurement time related to increasing shrinkage over time in non‐disinfected and disinfected impressions.
Conclusions: Despite PE expansion following disinfection and continued shrinkage of both the non‐disinfected and disinfected VPS and PE impressions over a 2‐week period, all dimensional accuracy measurements met the ADA standard, ≤0.5% dimensional change. Based on this evidence, neither NaOCl nor dual phenol disinfectants used for varying time periods adversely affected the dimensional stability of the more recent formulations of VPS and PE; however, Impregum PentaSoft PE surface quality appeared to be adversely affected by increasing exposure to NaOCl.
Occlusal Changes Following Posterior Tooth Loss in Adults. Part 1: A Study of Clinical Parameters Associated with the Extent and Type of Supraeruption in Unopposed Posterior Teeth
Authors: Craddock Helen L. , Youngson Callum C. , Manogue Michael , Blance Andrew 
Published: June 2007

Purpose:
One of the barriers to restoring an edentulous space may be the supraeruption of an unopposed tooth to occupy some or all of the space needed for prosthetic replacement. The aim of this study was to determine the extent and type of supraeruption associated with unopposed posterior teeth and to investigate the relationship between these and oral and patient factors.
Materials and Methods:
Diagnostic casts of 100 patients with an unopposed posterior tooth and of 100 control patients were scanned and analyzed to record the extent of supraeruption, together with other clinical parameters. The type of eruption present was defined for each subject as Periodontal Growth, Active Eruption, or Relative Wear. Generalized Linear Models were developed to examine associations between the extent and type of supraeruption and patient or dental factors. The extent of supraeruption for an individual was modeled to show association between the degree of supraeruption and clinical parameters. Three models were produced to show associations between each type of supraeruption and clinical parameters.
Results:
The mean supraeruption for subjects was 1.68 mm (SD 0.79, range 0 to 3.99 mm) and for controls, 0.24 mm (SD 0.39, range 0 to 1.46 mm). The extent of supraeruption was statistically greater in maxillary unopposed teeth than in mandibular unopposed teeth. Supraeruption was found in 92% of subjects' unopposed teeth.
Conclusions:
A Generalized Linear Model could be produced to demonstrate that the clinical parameters associated with supraeruption are periodontal growth, attachment loss, and the lingual movement of the tooth distal to the extraction site. Three types of supraeruption, which may be present singly, or in combination, can be identified. Active eruption has an association with attachment loss. Periodontal growth has an inverse association with attachment loss, is more prevalent in younger patients, in the maxilla, in premolars, and in females. Relative wear has an association with increasing age and is more prevalent in unopposed mandibular teeth.
Double Balloon Technique for Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty: Comparison with Single Balloon Technique
Authors: RAO P. SYAMASUNDAR. , FAWZY MOHAMMED E. 
Published: June 2007

This study was designed to document our results of double balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty and to evaluate if the double balloon technique is preferable to single balloon valvuloplasty in the relief of isolated valvar pulmonic stenosis. Double balloon valvuloplasty in twelve patients reduced the pulmonary valvar gradient from 100.5 ± 28.0 (mean ± SD) to 26.6 ± 12.5 mm Hg (P < 0.001) which remained improved, 17.5 ± 10.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001) at 6 to 14 month follow‐up. Single balloon valvuloplasty with equivalent balloon/pulmonary valve annulus ratios (1.19 ± 0.14 vs 1.19 ± 0.15, P > 0.1) in another 12 patients also reduced (P < 0.001) the gradient from 96.3 ± 40.1 to 28.3 ± 17.3 mm Hg immediately following the procedure which at 6 to 13 month follow‐up was 12.8 ± 9.9 mm Hg. The right ventricular peak systolic pressures (116.6 ± 24.5 vs 113.8 ± 41.5 mm Hg) and pulmonary valvar gradients (100.5 ± 28.0 vs 96.3 ± 40.1 mm Hg) prior to valvuloplasty, residual right ventricular pressures (47.4 ± 12.2 vs 54.3 ± 14.2 mm Hg) and pulmonary valve gradients (26.6 ± 12.5 vs 28.3 ± 17.3 mm Hg) immediately after valvuloplasty, and residual right ventricular pressures (43.1 ± 10.9 vs 41.1 + 12.5 mm Hg) and pulmonary valvar gradients (17.5 ± 10.2 vs 12.8 ± 9.9 mm Hg) on follow‐up were similar (P ± 0.1) in both groups.These data indicate that results of double balloon valvuloplasty are excellent but not superior to single balloon valvuloplasty. It is suggested that the double balloon valvuloplasty should be used if the pulmonary valve annulus is too large to dilate with a single balloon. There is no need for double balloon valvuloplasty if the pulmonary valve can be dilated with a commercially available single balloon.
The New ACS Multilink Coronary Stent: Single Center Experience in 103 Consecutive Patients With and Without Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: CLAGUE JONATHAN R. , KURBAAN ARVINDER S. , KELLY PAUL A. , DENNE LIN , DAVIES SIMON W. , RICKARDS ANTHONY F. , SIGWART ULRICH 
Published: June 2007

Background Since the introduction of this stent, anticoagulant regimens have changed from an aggressive protocol (aspirin, heparin, and warfarin) to a simplifed regimen (aspirin and ticlopidine). In this study our experience with this stent is reviewed, and acute and chronic outcomes with the two anticoagulant protocols are compared. All patients undergoing ACS Multilink stent implantation between July 1993 and June 1996 were included. The clinical and angiographic characteristics were documented and outcomes recorded. The two anticoagulant groups were compared: 103 patients (94 males, age range 41–80 years, mean 59) received 124 stents: 68% had Canadian Cardiac Society (CCS) grade III or IV angina prior to the procedure; and 73% underwent bail‐out stenting. High pressure inflations (> 14 a) were used in 40% of cases. Eighty‐four (85%) received aspirin and ticlopidine only. The initial success rate was 99%. Two patients underwent emergency surgery. There were no deaths and no cases of subacute stent thrombosis. Clinical follow‐up is available on 66 patients (mean 190 days). Of these, 56 patients (54%) are in CCS grade 0 or 1. One patient has required surgical revascularization. There is one case of documented restenosis within the stented segment.
Soft X Rays: The Alternative?
Authors: ALTMAN JOHN D. , LUBBE DIETER , STAFFORD SCOTT , HOLMES DAVID R. , SCHWARTZ ROBERT S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIntravascular radiation therapy to prevent restenosis remains promising and is currently undergoing large randomized clinical trials. Intravascular brachytherapy sources include beta particles, gamma rays, and now, soft X rays. The presented, but unpublished data from the START trial indicate that beta radiation is effective in the treatment of in‐stent restenosis. However, the limited range of beta particles in tissue increase the complexity for treating large arteries, more dose asymmetry with imperfect centering, and the potential for shadowing when treating calcified or stented arteries. These dosing problems are avoided with high energy gamma rays, but at a cost of increased radiation exposure. Soft X rays generated by high voltage, miniaturized x‐ray tubes may be turned off at will, pose little radiation exposure risk to medical personnel, provide a satisfactory dose profile to the artery, and do not require special use licensing. The higher LET and RBE for soft X rays indicates that lower doses may be as effective. Soft x‐ray sources will permit a new therapy to enter the expanding discipline of vascular brachytherapy.
When brains expand: mind and the evolution of cortex
Authors: Kirkcaldie Matthew T. K. , Kitchener Peter D. 
Published: June 2007

Objective:To critically examine the relationship between evolutionary and developmental influences on human neocortex and the properties of the conscious mind it creates.Methods:Using PubMed searches and the bibliographies of several monographs, we selected 50 key works, which offer empirical support for a novel understanding of the organization of the neocortex.Results:The cognitive gulf between humans and our closest primate relatives has usually been taken as evidence that our brains evolved crucial new mechanisms somehow conferring advanced capacities, particularly in association areas of the neocortex. In this overview of neocortical development and comparative brain morphometry, we propose an alternative view: that an increase in neocortical size, alone, could account for novel and powerful cognitive capabilities. Other than humans’ very large brain in relation to the body weight, the morphometric relations between neocortex and all other brain regions show remarkably consistent exponential ratios across the range of primate species, including humans. For an increase in neocortical size to produce new abilities, the developmental mechanisms of neocortex would need to be able to generate an interarchy of functionally diverse cortical domains in the absence of explicit specification, and in this respect, the mammalian neocortex is unique: its relationship to the rest of the nervous system is unusually plastic, allowing great changes in cortical organization to occur in relatively short periods of evolution. The fact that even advanced abilities like self-recognition have arisen in species from different mammalian orders suggests that expansion of the neocortex quite naturally generates new levels of cognitive sophistication. Our cognitive and behavioural sophistication may, therefore, be attributable to these intrinsic mechanisms’ ability to generate complex interarchies when the neocortex reaches a sufficient size.Conclusion:Our analysis offers a parsimonious explanation for key properties of the human mind based on evolutionary influences and developmental processes. This view is perhaps surprising in its simplicity, but offers a fresh perspective on the evolutionary basis of mental complexity.
Low red cell folate levels are associated with poor response to nortriptyline in major depression
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Luty Suzanne E. , Mulder Roger T. , Kennedy Martin A. , Joyce Peter R. 
Published: June 2007

Background:There has been a long interest in the relationship between folate and depression.Methods:In this paper, we report baseline measures of red cell folate that were collected during a randomized trial of 107 patients with major depression. Red cell folate levels were examined for association with percentage improvement in depressive symptoms during treatment with fluoxetine or nortriptyline. The influences of possible confounding factors were assessed.Results:The low red cell folate group (defined in relation to the median) had a significantly poorer response to nortriptyline. This effect of red cell folate levels was not present in those treated with fluoxetine. No relationships were found between red cell folate levels and possible confounding factors of age, nutritional status, alcohol history, depression subtype, depression severity and chronicity of depression.Conclusion:Response to nortriptyline was affected by red cell folate status. It may, therefore, be beneficial to consider folate augmentation in patients with major depression, particularly if treated with nortriptyline.
ABSTRACTS
Authors: Taggart Morris 
Published: June 2007

Gurman, A. S. & Knudson, R. M. Behavioral marriage therapy: I. A psychodynamic systems analysis and critique.Gurman, A. S. & Kniskern, D. P. Behavioral marriage therapy: II. Empirical perspective.Jacobson, N. & Weiss, R. L. Behavioral marriage therapy: III. The contents of Gurman, et al., may be hazardous to our health.Gurman, A. S., Knudson, R. M. & Kniskern, D. P. Behavioral marriage therapy: IV. Take two aspirin and call us in the morning.
An Open‐Systems Approach to Teaching Family Therapy*
Authors: Skynner A.C. Robin , Skynner Prudence M. 
Published: June 2007

Through systems concepts are increasingly employed in family and marital therapy, they are usually employed in a limited way, excluding some aspects of the total system. Systems ideas are applied most fully to the nuclear and extended family of the referred patient, and increasingly to the therapist's family of origin. The interface between the influence of the family of origin of the professional and difficulties in his practice is also scrutinized, though more often in a teaching and supervisory context than during therapy. The relationships among the therapist's family of origin, his marriage and family of procreation, and his professional work are more often neglected, and the influence of all three on the dynamics of institutions, training programs and staff groups is least often explored.The authors, a married couple who work together professionally, occupied fin‐several years a crucial leadership role in developing the first multi‐disciplinary teaching programs in the London area, bringing together key teachers from all the main institutions, with widely differing theoretical orientations, in a group which now forms the Institute of Family Therapy (London). This paper describes their attempt to facilitate a more consistently open‐systems approach which appeared to stimulate unusually rapid growth, learning, and group cohe‐siveness.