bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary effects of prostacyclin infusion in anesthetized horses
Authors: Trim C. M. , Moore J. N. , Hardee M. M. , Hardee G. E. , Graham D. A. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prostacyclin was infused iv into 6 horses anesthetized with halothane. Three dosage rates (10, 30, and 100 ng/kg of body weight/min) were evaluated in each horse. Facial and pulmonary artery pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, blood temperature, and arterial and mixed venous pH, PCO2, and PO2 were measured. Arterial blood was collected for determination of glucose, lactate, and pcv. Mixed venous blood was sampled for assay of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α and catecholamines.
Infusion of prostacyclin at 10 ng/kg/min had no effect on the variables measured, whereas the 30 ng/kg/min dosage decreased diastolic and mean arterial pressure at 15 and 30 minutes and PaO2 at 15 minutes (P < 0.05). Prostacyclin infusion at 100 ng/kg/min significantly decreased arterial pressure, total vascular resistance, and total pulmonary resistance. Heart rate increased slightly, and cardiac output increased by 44%. Arterial PO2 decreased from 311 mm of Hg to 137 and 135 mm of Hg at 15 and 30 minutes, respectively. Blood glucose was increased.
Prostacyclin infusions of 30 and 100 ng/kg/min increased blood concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α alpha by factors of 5 and 40, respectively. Significant changes in catecholamine concentrations did not occur.
Effects of fentanyl citrate and droperidol on electroencephalographic findings in dogs
Authors: Katherman Anne E. , Knecht Charles D. , Redding Richard W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electroencephalograms were recorded from 10 dogs before, immediately after, and every 10 minutes (for 60 minutes) after iv injection of 0.005 ml of a fentanyl citrate and droperidol combination/kg of body weight. Narcosis was adequate for recording. At 30 to 40 minutes after injection, tail wagging was the only adverse reaction (eeg artifact) observed. The only changes in eeg activity observed were a slight increase in amplitude of the dominant activity and an increase in spindle-like activity. Daily repetition for 5 days did not alter the eeg pattern or the behavior of the dogs.
Continuous-flow hollow-fiber dialysis system for preparation of bovine carrier erythrocytes
Authors: DeLoach John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Small and large molecules were encapsulated in bovine rbc by a dialysis process. Encapsulation efficiencies were approximate 30%, yielding normal earner cells. The new process of encapsulation used hollow fibers and was a continuous-flow system. Preparation of carrier rbc by hollow-fiber dialysis was compatible with blood banking principles. The continuous-flow system was easily assembled from commercially available hollow-fiber units.
Transmission of the white-tailed deer cutaneous fibroma
Authors: Sundberg John P. , Chiodini Rodrick J. , Nielsen S. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cutaneous fibromas were successfully transmitted to 7 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) inoculated with crude fibroma extracts (2 deer) or with partially purified deer fibroma virus (5 deer). The fibromas were transmitted by intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation and by rubbing the virus preparation into tattoo sites. Inoculation by scarification was not successful. The induced tumors resembled those of naturally occurring fibromas. Tattoo inoculation sites underwent an initial acute inflammatory response followed by mesenchymal proliferation, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, and finally regression. The deer developed antibody titers against deer fibroma virus as determined by hemagglutination inhibition, using mouse rbc. Viral antigens could not be detected by indirect immunofluorescence in any induced fibroma.
Evidence for the Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin as a product of actively growing bacteria
Authors: Shewen Patricia E. , Wilkie Bruce N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The release of soluble cytotoxin from Pasteurella haemolytica type 1 cultured at 37 C in RPMI 1640 medium containing 7% bovine fetal serum was evaluated, using bovine alveolar macrophages in a microplate 51Cr-release assay. Heat-labile leukotoxic activity was detected in culture supernatant during the lag and logarithmic-growth phases, but not in stationary-phase culture; toxic activity could not be demonstrated in sonicates of logarithmic (1 hour) or stationary (18 hour) phase organisms. This pattern of toxin release, typical of a bacterial exotoxin or metabolic enzyme, is unique among bacterial leukotoxins, which are typically cell-associated and released after autolysis or sonication from outgrown cultures.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of febantel and its metabolites in sheep and cattle
Authors: Delatour Paul , Tiberghien Marie-Pascale , Garnier Franqois , Benoit Etienne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics of febantel and its main metabolites were studied in cattle and sheep. Seven ewes and 4 heifers were given febantel orally in a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg, 25 mg kg. or 45 mg kg of body weight. Plasma concentrations vs time of febantel and individual metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Intestinal absorption of febantel was faster and biotransformations were more active in sheep than in 1 cattle.
Brain stem auditory-evoked response in the nonanesthetized horse and pony
Authors: Marshall A. Edward 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The brain stem auditory-evoked response (baer) was measured in 10 horses and 7 ponies under conditions suitable for clinical diagnostic testing. Latencies of 5 vertex-positive peaks and interpeak latency and amplitude ratio of the 1st and 4th peaks were determined. Data from horses and ponies were analyzed separately and were compared. The stimulus was a click (n = 3,000) ranging from 10-to 90-dB hearing level (hl). Neither horses nor ponies responded with a baer at 10 dB nor did they give reliable responses at < 50 dB. The 2nd of the baer waves appeared in the record at lower stimulus intensities than did the 1st wave for the horse and pony. Horses and ponies had a decreasing latency for all waves, as a result of increasing stimulus intensity. Latencies were shorter for the ponies than for the horses at all stimulus intensities for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th waves, but not the 5th wave. At 60-dB hl, the mean latencies for the 1st through 5th wave, respectively, for the horse were 1.73, 3.08, 3.93, 4.98, and 6.00 ms and for the pony 1.48, 2.73, 3.50, 4.56, and 6.58 ms. Interpeak latencies, 1st to 4th wave, averaged 3.22 ms (horse) and 3.11 ms (pony) for all stimulus intensities from 50- to 90-dB hl and had a tendency to decrease slightly as stimulus intensity increased. Amplitude ratios (4th wave/lst wave) were < 1 for all stimulus intensities in the horse. In the pony, the ratio was < 1 at ≥ 70-dB hl and > 1 at ≤ 60-dB hl.
Effect of transportation on cortisol concentrations and on the circadian rhythm of cortisol in gilts
Authors: Becker B. A. , Nienaber J. A. , DeShazer J. A. , Hahn G. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to determine whether the circadian rhythm of cortisol in gilts is disrupted or altered by transport. Sixteen ovariectomized gilts with indwelling jugular catheters were individually penned in an enclosed building (location 1). Blood samples were collected at 0700 and 1900 hours for 6 days. On day 7, gilts in groups of 4 were transported 5.6 km to environmentally controlled chambers (25 C) and were individually penned (location 2). On the day of transport, samples were collected at 0700 hours at location 1, immediately before and after transport in a trailer, after unloading at location 2, and at 1900 hours at location 2. For the first 6 days at location 2, blood samples were collected daily at 0700 and 1900 hours. For the 6 days at location 1, circadian rhythm was evidenced by higher cortisol concentrations in the am hours than in the pm hours. During transport, serum cortisol concentrations increased (P < 0.01). Highest concentrations developed at 0.5 hour after unloading; concentrations declined thereafter. During the first 6 days at location 2, circadian rhythm was evidenced by higher serum cortisol concentrations in the am hours than in the pm hours. Therefore, the transportation of gilts 5.6 km to new pens was a transient stress causing a temporary increase in serum cortisol concentrations, but did not cause a disruption in the endogenous rhythm of cortisol.
Blood flow in the renal portal circulation of the turkey: Effect of epinephrine
Authors: Palmare William P. , Ackerman N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Control of blood flow in the renal portal circulation of turkeys given epinephrine was evaluated by determining the distribution of injected radiopaque contrast medium within the portal circulation. Radiopacity in the region of the renal parenchyma and/or the caudal renal portal vein was increased in each of the 6 birds after epinephrine (4.0 μg/kg of body weight) was injected into the wing vein. In 1 bird, the contrast medium also was distributed into the mesenteric vein. Thus, epinephrine not only induced flow of blood from the pelvic limb (leg) to the kidneys, but to the abdominal viscera as well. Regulation of the patency of the renal portal valve is thought to be one means by which renal portal blood flow is controlled. However, epinephrine had no consistent effect on the valve. Thus, epinephrine seemed to control renal portal blood flow and, perhaps, blood flow to other abdominal viscera at sites other than the renal portal valve.
Effect of collection time and exercise restriction on the prediction of urine protein excretion, using urine protein/creatinine ratio in dogs
Authors: McCaw Dudley L. , Knapp David W. , Hewett John E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nonproteinuric and proteinuric dogs were studied to determine whether the urine protein/creatinine ratio from a 24-hour urine sample could be used to predict urine protein excretion. Urine protein/creatinine ratios estimated from urine produced during daylight hours and from that produced during nighttime hours were compared to determine whether time of sample collection influenced the prediction of the urine protein excretion value. Urine protein/creatinine ratios in urine from male dogs were compared with those from female dogs to determine whether sex had an influence on the value. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized dogs were used to determine the effect of exercise restriction.
The urine protein/creatinine ratio varied significantly between healthy and proteinuric dogs (P = 0.0001). It was not influenced by collection period or sex. Animals not confined to hospital cages had a significantly lower urine protein/creatinine ratio than did hospitalized animals confined to a cage (P = 0.003).
M-Mode echocardiographic measurements in nonanesthetized healthy cats: Effects of body weight, heart rate, and other variables
Authors: Jacobs Gilbert , Knight David H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Body weight, heart rate, and 19 M-mode echocardiographic variables were measured in 41 nonanesthetized healthy cats. Estimated limits were determined for the echocardiographic variables, and each variable was then correlated to body weight, heart rate, and the 18 other variables. A significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation to body weight was found with aortic diameter, left atrial dimension, septal and left ventricular systolic and left ventricular diastolic wall thicknesses, and left and right ventricular diastolic and right ventricular systolic internal dimensions. Significant inverse correlation (P < 0.05) to heart rate was found with body weight, left ventricular systolic and diastolic and right ventricular systolic internal dimensions, left atrial dimension, left atrial dimension to aortic ratio, mitral valve E point to ventricular septal separation, and left ventricular ejection time. Left ventricular shortening fraction in the short axis and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) to heart rate. Significant correlation (P < 0.05) was also found between many echocardiographic variables.
Ultrastructural alterations of motor cortex synaptic junctions in Brown Swiss cattle with weaver syndrome
Authors: Aitchison C. Sue , Westfall Jane A. , Leipold Horst W. , Kelly Paul T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An ultrastructural comparison was made between the motor cortex synapses of the brain of 4 adult Brown Swiss cattle with weaver syndrome and 2 healthy cattle (a Holstein steer and a Guernsey cow). Compared with the healthy cattle, the paramembranous densities at synaptic junctions of cattle with weaver syndrome had a decreased mean height of the presynaptic dense projections (P < 0.001), had significantly smaller peak-to-peak distances (P < 0.001), and had a significantly decreased mean thickness of the postsynaptic density (P < 0.0001). These synaptic changes in cattle with weaver syndrome may be associated with clinical manifestations of the syndrome, such as impairment of transmitter release, instability of postsynaptic receptor sites, lesion-induced synaptic turnover from injury elsewhere in the cns, or loss of a specific cell population of the motor cortex.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine papillomavirus
Authors: El Shazly Mohamad O. , Sundberg John P. , McPherron Thomas , Smith Ronald D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect and quantitate bovine papillomavirus in partially purified and in purified viral preparations, using rabbit antiserum against group-specific papillomavirus structural antigens and alkaline phosphatase-labeled affinity purified goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G. Viral detection correlated well with negative-stain electron microscopy of the various preparations and peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of paraffin sections of the original fibropapillomas. The technique is rapidly done and will detect minute amounts of viral protein (1 ng/ml).
Ruminal lactic acidosis: Relationship of forestomach motility to nondissociated volatile fatty acids levels
Authors: Crichlow E. C. , Chaplin R. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ruminal lactic acidosis was produced in 9 overnight fasted rumen-fistulated sheep by placing ground wheat (40 g/kg of body weight) into the rumen, Ruminal stasis occurred within 8 hours of grain engorgement in 6 sheep (aarly stasis group) and between 10 and 12 hours in the remaining 3 sheep (late stasis group). The initial impairment to forestomach motility was a decrease in the mean frequency of reticulo-ruminal contractions which occurred within 4 hours of the intraruminal placement of wheat in the early stasis group and within 6 hours in the late stasis group. Since blood pH, carbon dioxide pressure, and serum bicarbonate were all normal, systemic acidosis was not a contributing factor to this decrease in contraction frequency. The concentrations of total nondissociated volatile fatty acids (vfa; acetic, propionic, and butyric acid) in ruminal fluid, however, were significantly increased, being 13.60 mM/L (mean, pH 4.92) in the early stasis group and 15.77 mM/L (pH 4.80) in the late stasis group. Free dl-lactic acid in ruminal fluids was 6.37 ± 6.1 mM/L, (mean ± sd) in the early stasis group and 9.72 ± 4.2 mM/L in the late stasis group.
A reduction in contraction amplitude was observed within 6 hours of grain engorgement in the early stasis group and within 8 hours in the late stasis group. At these times, the concentrations of nondissociated vfa were 10.19 mM/L (pH 4.46) in the early stasis group and 10.52 mM/L (pH 4.62) in the late stasis group. The ruminal values of free dl-lactic acid were 13.93 mM/L in the early stasis group and 16.14 mM/L in the late stasis group. At stasis, blood values were normal in the late stasis group, whereas in the early stasis group, uncompensated metabolic acidosis was evident (pH, 7.23 ± 0.07; serum bicarbonate, 16.5 ±3.8 mEq/L; and carbon dioxide pressure, 39.9 ± 2.6 mm of Hg), Nondissociated vfa in ruminal fluids had decreased to 4.33 ± 3.5 mM/L (pH 4.39) in the early stasis group and to 5.92 ± 3.7 mM/L (pH 4.52) in the late stasis group. Free dl-lactic acid, on the other hand, had increased to 15.14 mM/L in the early stasis group and to 29.01 mM/L in the late stasis group.
Gastric distention and gastrin in the dog
Authors: Leib Michael S. , Wingfield Wayne E. , Twedt David C. , Williams Anne R. , Bottoms Gerald D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastric distention was induced in intact dogs by giving a wide range of volumes (11 to 111 ml/kg) of a liquid test meal resulting in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma gastrin immunoreactivity at 10 and 25 minutes after distention. There was no significant decrease in gastrin immunoreactivity from 10 to 25 minutes of gastric distention. Pretreatment with atropine abolished the distention-induced gastrin release, indicating that distention-induced gastrin release in the intact dog was partially under cholinergic control. There was no relationship between the distending volume and magnitude of gastrin increase.
Autologous marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy for canine lymphoma: Efficacy and toxicity of various regimens of total body irradiation
Authors: Deeg H. Joachim , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Weiden Paul L. , Hackman Robert C. , Graham Theodore C. , Storb Rainer 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dogs with malignant lymphoma were given chemotherapy consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, prednisone, l-asparaginase, and 6-mercaptopurine (mopa-6) for 14 days. Among 62 dogs that completed treatment with mopa-6, 47 (76%) had complete remission, and 13 (21%) had partial remission and 2 had no response to chemotherapy. Twenty-two of the 62 dogs were not returned by their owners for additional therapy and died 15 to 391 (median 21) days after mopa-6 from infections or recurrent disease. A median of 1 month after starting mopa-6 therapy, 40 dogs (35 in complete remission, 5 in partial remission) were given total body irradiation (tbi), followed by infusion of fresh autologous marrow. Twenty dogs were given 13.5 Gray (Gy) of tbi at 4 centi-Gray (cGyVmin. Among 16 evaluable dogs, 7 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 169 days. Two dogs died with veno-occlusive disease of the liver, 3 with pneumonia, 3 with hemorrhage, and 1 was killed. Twenty dogs were given 11.8 to 14.7 Gy of tbi at 2 cGy/min. Among 14 evaluable dogs, 9 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 117 days. The remaining 5 dogs were killed at 110 to 680 days; lymphoma was not present at necropsy. The results indicated that doses of tbi of 11.8 to 14.7 Gy did not reduce the recurrence of lymphoma, compared with results obtained in a previous study with 8.4 Gy of tbi. Furthermore, increased doses of tbi increased acute and delayed toxicities. Alternatively, recurrent disease may have been due to lymphoma cells contained in the infused remission marrow.
Ultrastructure of the testis of Pekin ducks fed methyl mercury chloride: Seminiferous epithelium
Authors: McNeil S. I. , Bhatnagar M. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Testicular cells of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) fed with 0 (control), 0.5 (group 1), 5 (group 2), or 15 (group 3) mg of methyl mercury chloride (CH3HgCl)/kg of basal feed for 12 weeks were examined by electron microscope.
Sertoli's cells from ducks in group 2 had dilated smooth endoplasm reticulum, increased lysosomes, and large vacuoles, some with lipid droplets. Degenerative changes were more advanced in group 3 ducks. There were increases in lysosomes, myelinoid figures, vacuolations, cytoplasmic and nuclear debris, cristolyses of mitochondria, and distended Golgi's complexes, and a reduction in smooth endoplasm reticulum and microtubules when compared with those of the controls.
Spermatogonia were resistant to CH3HgCl exposure, except in 2 ducks from group 3 which had cells that showed electron-lucent cytoplasm, abnormal mitochondria, and membrane-bound vacuoles. In primary spermatocytes, degenerative changes were evident in ducks fed the larger dose levels. In nuclei, synaptonemal complexes showed unpaired elements. In cytoplasm, cellular debris and vacuoles predominated. There was an increase in synchronized meiosis and apparent incomplete cell division. In ducks from group 3, the cellular damage was more severe and was present throughout the germinal epithelium. Spermatids differentiation was affected variably in groups 2 and 3. Severity of damage increased with the increased dosage of mercury. Where there was spermiogenic activity, the electron-dense acrosome granules, manchette, and midpiece were rarely found. Since the seminiferous tubules from 2 ducks in group 3 had severe destruction of spermatocytes and spermatids, the spermiogenic activity was negligible.
Ingestion of CH3HgCl caused toxic injury to seminiferous tubules in groups 2 and 3 ducks. The degree of damage was related to the dietary amount of mercury.
Effects of dietary supplementation with ethoxyquin, magnesium oxide, methionine hydroxy analog, and B vitamins on tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) toxicosis in beef cattle
Authors: Cheeke P. R. , Schmitz J. A. , Lassen E. D. , Pearson E. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dried tansy ragwort containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids was fed as 2.5% of a complete (control) diet to Hereford steers, with and without (basal) a mixture of additives. The additives provided a dietary supplement equivalent to 0.1% ethoxyquin, 1% methionine hydroxy analog, 2% MgO, 2.7 mg of vitamin B6/kg of diet, 50 µg of vitamin B12/kg of diet, 0.45 g of folic acid/kg of diet, and 0.2 g of cobalt/kg of diet. The additives did not alter tansy ragwort toxicity substantially, as assessed by liver histologic changes, sulfobromophthalein clearance rate, and serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. After 281 days, 1 of 4 steers fed the basal diet was alive, whereas 3 of 4 steers in the basal plus additives group were alive, suggesting some protective activity. The chronic lethal dose of tansy ragwort in steers was 3.6% of initial body weight.