bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of Arthroscopic Medial Retinacular Release for Treatment of Medial Subluxation of the Patella
Authors: Shannon Brian D. , Keene James S. 
Published: March 2007

Background Medial subluxation of the patella is a rare, disabling condition that has iatrogenic and traumatic causation. To date, only open reconstructions have been reported for operative treatment of this condition, but these procedures have a high rate of complications, revisions, and subsequent surgery. This is the first study to present the results of arthroscopic medial retinacular release for treatment of this problem. Hypothesis Arthroscopic release will alleviate painful medial patellar subluxation. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Nine knees (7 patients) with painful, recurrent medial subluxation of the patella that occurred spontaneously (2 knees) or after a lateral release (5 knees) or an injury (2 knees) were treated with an arthroscopic medial retinacular release. The retinaculum was released 2 cm medial to the superior pole of the patella down to the anteromedial portal. At a mean follow-up of 2.7 years (range, 1-8 years), all knees were evaluated, and the results were graded according to the Merchant and Mercer rating scale. Results The mean age of the patients was 25 years (range, 15-38 years), and the mean duration of the subluxations before surgery was 28 months (range, 6-48 months). In all 7 patients (9 knees), the medial release relieved their medial subluxation and knee pain, and there were 6 excellent and 3 good results. There were no complications or further realignment surgery needed after this procedure. Conclusion An arthroscopic medial retinacular release will successfully treat painful medial subluxation of the patella.
Epidemiology of High School and Collegiate Football Injuries in the United States, 2005-2006
Authors: Shankar Prasad R. , Fields Sarah K. , Collins Christy L. , Dick Randall W. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: March 2007

Background Football, one of the most popular sports among male high school students in the United States, is a leading cause of sports-related injuries, with an injury rate almost twice that of basketball, the second most popular sport. Hypothesis Injury patterns will vary between competition and practice exposures and between levels of play (ie, high school vs. National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA]). Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Football-related injury data were collected over the 2005-2006 school year from 100 nationally representative high schools via High School RIO™ (Reporting Information Online) and from 55 Division I, II, and III colleges via the NCAA Injury Surveillance System. Results Nationally, an estimated 517 726 high school football-related injuries (1881 unweighted injuries) occurred during the 2005-2006 season. The rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures was greater during high school competitions (12.04) than during practices (2.56). The rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures was also greater during collegiate competitions (40.23) than during practices (5.77). While the overall rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures was greater in the NCAA (8.61) than in high school (4.36), high school football players sustained a greater proportion of fractures and concussions. Running plays were the leading cause of injury, with running backs and linebackers being the positions most commonly injured. Conclusion Patterns of football injuries vary, especially by type of exposure and level of play. Future studies should continue to compare differences in injury patterns in high school and collegiate football, with particular emphasis placed on high-risk plays (running plays) and positions (running backs and linebackers).
Fresh Osteochondral Allografting in the Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Femoral Condyle
Authors: Emmerson Bryan C. , Görtz Simon , Jamali Amir A. , Chung Christine , Amiel David , Bugbee William D. 
Published: March 2007

Background The treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the adult knee can be challenging. As part of our comprehensive treatment program, fresh osteochondral allografts have been used in the surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle. Hypothesis Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation will provide a successful surgical treatment for osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Sixty-six knees in 64 patients underwent fresh osteochondral allografting for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans. Each patient was evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively using an 18-point modified D'Aubigné and Postel scale. Subjective assessment was performed using a patient questionnaire. Radiographs were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results Mean follow-up was 7.7 years (range, 2-22 years). There were 45 men and 19 women with a mean age of 28.6 years (range, 15-54 years). All patients had undergone previous surgery. Forty-one lesions involved the medial femoral condyle, and 25 involved the lateral femoral condyle. All were osteochondritis dissecans type 3 or 4. The mean allograft size was 7.5 cm2. One knee was lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 65 knees, 47 (72%) were rated good/excellent, 7 (11%) were rated fair, and 1 (2%) was rated poor. Ten patients (15%) underwent reoperation. The mean clinical score improved from 13.0 preoperatively to 16.4 postoperatively (P < .01). Fifty-nine of 64 patients completed questionnaires. Subjective knee function improved from a mean of 3.4 to 8.4 on a 10-point scale (P < .01). Conclusion With greater than 70% good or excellent results, fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation is a successful surgical treatment for osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle.
Lower Reinjury Rate with a Coach-Controlled Rehabilitation Program in Amateur Male Soccer
Authors: Hägglund Martin , Walden Markus , Ekstrand Jan 
Published: March 2007

Background Soccer injuries are common, and athletes returning to play after injury are especially at risk. Few studies have investigated how to prevent reinjury. Hypothesis The rate of reinjury is reduced using a coach-controlled rehabilitation program. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Twenty-four male amateur soccer teams were randomized into an intervention (n = 282) and control group (n = 300). The intervention was implemented by team coaches and consisted of information about risk factors for reinjury, rehabilitation principles, and a 10-step progressive rehabilitation program including return to play criteria. During the 2003 season, coaches reported individual exposure and all time loss injuries were evaluated by a doctor and a physiotherapist. Four teams (n = 100) withdrew from the study after randomization, leaving 10 teams with 241 players for analysis in both groups. Results There were 90 injured players (132 injuries) in the intervention group, and 10 of these (11%) suffered 14 reinjuries during the season. In the control group, 23 of 79 injured players (29%) had 40 recurrences (134 injuries). A Cox regression analysis showed a 66% reinjury risk reduction in the intervention group for all injury locations (hazard ratio [HR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.72, P = .0047) and 75% for lower limb injuries (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11-0.57, P < .001). The preventive effect was greatest within the first week of return to play. Injured players in the intervention group complied with the intervention for 90 of 132 injuries (68%). Conclusion The reinjury rate in amateur male soccer players was reduced after a controlled rehabilitation program implemented by coaches.
Innovation and ideology: Walter Hofmann's library work in Dresden-Plauen and Leipzig
Authors: Vodosek Peter 
Published: March 2007

Born in Dresden in 1879, the son of an artisan engraver, Walter Hofmann became one of the most innovative and influential, but also most controversial, librarians in early twentieth-century Germany. Hoffman entered librarianship having been commissioned by Ida Bienert, the wife of a wealthy manufacturer, to plan, organize and manage a public library for the inhabitants of Dresden-Plauen, a district of Dresden. The library opened in 1906. The following year Hofmann began to publish his 'pilot' ideas, which soon attracted the attention of professional colleagues. In 1913 the City of Leipzig entrusted him with the responsibility of building a city library system, which allowed him to test his library model on a larger scale. At the same time he began to extend his influence on German librarianship, an influence which continued to increase until the 1930s. His aggressive commitment, his tendency to be polemical, and his authoritarian personality, as well as his inventiveness and knowledge as an expert, made him extremely successful. But these qualities also resulted in factional conflict, the so-called 'Richtungsstreit'. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Hofman tried to save as much as possible of his achievements, but was forced to retire when his protector, the mayor of Leipzig, Carl Goerdeler, fell from power in 1937. Hofmann passed away in Leipzig in 1952, without having regained his former importance, although his ideas retained a strong following until the 1960s. A critical evaluation of his life's work reveals that his interpretation of education and cultural enrichment was not particularly original and was deeply rooted in nineteenth-century thinking. Hofmann was an ambivalent figure who liked to behave as a reformer but who was in fact, ultimately, a 'conservative revolutionary'. A version of this paper was first presented at the Fourth Anglo-German Library History Conference, held at the British Library, September 2005. The theme of the conference was 'Libraries and Innovation'.
Costimulatory molecule-targeted immunotherapy of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Kim Juyang , Kim Hye J. , Park Keunhee , Kim Jiyoung , Choi Hye-Jeong , Yagita Hideo , Nam Seok H. , Cho Hong R. , Kwon Byungsuk 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an increasingly frequent complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Current therapies for cGVHD reduce symptoms but are not cures. The B10.D2→Balb/c (H-2d) minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched model, which reflects clinical and pathological symptoms of human cGVHD, was used in this study. We demonstrated that a single injection of an agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, reverses skin fibrosis, ulceration, and alopecia, a dominant feature of cGVHD (cutaneous GVHD), ultimately improving general health conditions. The reversal is associated with markedly reduced CD4+ T-cell cytokines and increased apoptosis of donor CD4+ T cells. The Fas pathway is required for ameliorating cutaneous GVHD by anti-CD137 mAb. Taken together, these data indicate that the anti-CD137 mAb has a therapeutic effect on cutaneous GVHD by removing donor CD4+ T cells that cause cutaneous GVHD. Thus, our study demonstrates an agonistic mAb, specific for a costimulatory molecule, as a possible target for therapeutic intervention in cutaneous GVHD.
Group V secretory PLA2 regulates TLR2-dependent eicosanoid generation in mouse mast cells through amplification of ERK and cPLA2α activation
Authors: Kikawada Eriya , Bonventre Joseph V. , Arm Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMast cells may be activated through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for the dose- and time-dependent release of eicosanoids. However, the signaling mechanisms of TLR-dependent rapid eicosanoid generation are not known. We previously reported a role for group V secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in regulating phagocytosis of zymosan and the ensuing eicosanoid generation in mouse resident peritoneal macrophages, suggesting a role for the enzyme in innate immunity. In the present study, we have used gene knockout mice to define an essential role for MyD88 and cytosolic PLA2α in TLR2-dependent eicosanoid generation. Furthermore, in mast cells lacking group V secretory PLA2, the time course of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and of cPLA2α was markedly truncated, leading to attenuation of eicosanoid generation in response to stimulation through TLR2, but not through c-kit or FcεRI. These findings provide the first dissection of the mechanisms of TLR-dependent rapid eicosanoid generation, which is MyD88-dependent, requires cPLA2α, and is amplified by group V sPLA2 through its regulation of the sequential phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 and cPLA2α. The findings support the suggestion that group V sPLA2 regulates innate immune responses.
Changes of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in aged Balb/c mice
Authors: Zhao Liang , Sun Liguang , Wang Hongjun , Ma Haixia , Liu Guangwei , Zhao Yong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA progressive decline in the integrity of the immune system is one of the physiologic changes during aging. The frequency of autoimmune diseases or immune disorders increases in the aging population, but the state of regulatory T (Treg) cells in aged individuals has not been well determined. In the present study, we investigated the levels, phenotypes, and function of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in Balb/c mice, which were older than 20 months. Significantly enhanced percentages of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the periphery (blood, spleen, and lymph nodes) of the aged mice were observed. These Treg cells showed modified Vβ family distribution, reduced levels of CD45 receptor B and CD62 ligand molecules, as well as normal levels of forkhead box p3. However, when the inhibiting function of Treg cells was assayed in the in vitro assays and in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of aged mice displayed significantly lower inhibiting ability on alloantigen-induced DTH reaction or cytokine productions (IL-2 and IFN-γ) but not cell proliferation of effector T cells, as compared with CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of young mice. In addition, the percentages of CD4+CD8–CD25+ Treg cells in the thymi of aged mice increased significantly, but their total cell numbers decreased markedly in these mice. Our present studies indicated collectively that the percentages, phenotypes, the size of TCR repertoire, and function of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells were altered significantly with aging in mice. The functional defects of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells may shed light on the role of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the increased sensitivity to autoimmune diseases of aged populations.
Monocyte p110α phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates phagocytosis, the phagocyte oxidase, and cytokine production
Authors: Lee Jimmy S , Nauseef William M , Moeenrezakhanlou Alireza , Sly Laura M , Noubir Sanaa , Leidal Kevin G , Schlomann Jamie M , Krystal Gerald , Reiner Neil E 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMononuclear phagocytes are critical modulators and effectors of innate and adaptive immune responses, and PI-3Ks have been shown to be multifunctional monocyte regulators. The PI-3K family includes eight catalytic isoforms, and only limited information is available about how these contribute to fine specificity in monocyte cell regulation. We examined the regulation of phagocytosis, the phagocyte oxidative burst, and LPS-induced cytokine production by human monocytic cells deficient in p110α PI-3K. We observed that p110α PI-3K was required for phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized and nonopsonized zymosan in differentiated THP-1 cells, and the latter was inhibitable by mannose. In contrast, p110α PI-3K was not required for ingestion serum-opsonized zymosan. Taken together, these results suggest that FcγR- and mannose receptor-mediated phagocytosis are p110α-dependent, whereas CR3-mediated phagocytosis involves a distinct isoform. It is notable that the phagocyte oxidative burst induced in response to PMA or opsonized zymosan was also found to be dependent on p110α in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, p110α was observed to exert selective and bidirectional effects on the secretion of pivotal cytokines. Incubation of p110α-deficient THP-1 cells with LPS showed that p110α was required for IL-12p40 and IL-6 production, whereas it negatively regulated the production of TNF-α and IL-10. Cells deficient in p110α also exhibited enhanced p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB phosphorylation. Thus, p110α PI-3K appears to uniquely regulate important monocyte functions, where other PI-3K isoforms are uninvolved or unable to fully compensate.
Deficient inflammatory response to UV radiation in neonatal mice
Authors: Wolnicka-Glubisz Agnieszka , Damsker Jesse , Constant Stephanie , Corn Stephanie , De Fabo Edward , Noonan Frances 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMechanisms of juvenile susceptibility to cancer are not well understood. The immune response in neonates favors nonresponsiveness or TH2-dominant responses, raising the question of a role for neonatal immunity in this susceptibility. We have investigated the postulate that the inflammatory response differs in neonatal and adult skin. We found no inflammatory infiltrate into neonatal mouse skin in response to UV irradiation as a function of time, dose, or wavelength, although UV-induced DNA damage was readily detected. In contrast, UV irradiation of adult mice initiated a dose- and time-dependent influx of inflammatory cells, chiefly CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils, into the skin, detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitated by FACS analysis. This inflammatory response was initiated by UVB (290–320 nm) but not by UVA (320–400 nm). Further, in neonates, in contrast to adults, neither topical trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) nor i.p. thioglycollate initiated an inflammatory infiltrate. Conversely, topical TNCB applied to neonates was tolerogenic, resulting in a subsequent antigen-specific decrease of the contact-hypersensitivity response in adults. Neonatal blood contained abundant neutrophils, which exhibited impaired chemotaxis to the chemokine growth-related oncogene-α but efficient chemotaxis to the bacterial product fMLP, concomitant with decreased expression of CXCR2 but normal levels of CD11b. We propose this neonatal deficiency in the inflammatory response is a significant, previously unrecognized factor in neonatal immune tolerance and may contribute to neonatal susceptibility to cancer, including melanoma and other UV-induced cancers.
Markers of Myeloproliferative Diseases in Childhood Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Teofili Luciana , Giona Fiorina , Martini Maurizio , Cenci Tonia , Guidi Francesco , Torti Lorenza , Palumbo Giovanna , Amendola Angela , Foà Robin , Larocca Luigi M. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) can present in pediatric age as sporadic or familial diseases. To define the biologic profile of childhood PV and ET, we evaluated specific markers in a cohort of pediatric patients affected by PV and ET, including cases with familial occurrence. Patients and Methods Thirty-eight children with PV and ET were investigated. The control group included 58 adults with PV and ET. Endogenous erythroid colonies, qualitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for polycythemia rubra vera-1 (PRV-1) RNA expression, human androgen receptor assay and allele specific polymerase chain reaction for JAK2 V617F mutation were undertaken in all patients. Thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin receptor (c-mpl), and erythropoietin receptor mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing in familial cases. Results The JAK2 V617F mutation in children with PV was significantly less frequent than in adult PV. The most common myeloproliferative marker found in these patients was PRV-1 RNA overexpression. Children and adults with sporadic ET showed a similar proportion of patients with PRV-1 RNA overexpression, JAK2 V617F mutation, and clonality, while none of the familial ET showed JAK2 V617F mutation and clonality. Also, PRV-1 RNA overexpression was significantly less common. Furthermore, most patients with familial ET exhibited the dominant-positive activating mutation of c-mpl. Finally, children with PV and ET had a significant lower incidence of thrombosis than adults. Conclusion This study demonstrates that familial and sporadic ET recognize different pathogenetic mechanisms. Myeloproliferative markers are specific tests for the diagnosis of ET in children with sporadic forms, while a significant proportion of children with PV can prove negative.
Pricing and Capacity Rationing for Rentals with Uncertain Durations
Authors: Gans Noah , Savin Sergei 
Published: March 2007

We consider a rental firm with two types of customers. Contract customers pay fixed, prenegotiated rental fees and expect a high quality of service. Walk-in customers have no contractual relations with the firm and are “shopping for price.” Given multiple contract and walk-in classes, the rental firm has to decide when to offer service to contract customers and what fees to charge walk-in customers for service. We formulate this rental management problem as a problem in stochastic control and characterize optimal policies for managing contract and walk-in customers. We also consider static, myopic controls that are simpler to implement, and we analytically establish conditions under which these policies perform optimally. Complementary numerical tests provide a sense of the range of systems for which myopic policies are effective.
Validation of a CYP2D6 Genotyping Panel on the NanoChip Molecular Biology Workstation
Authors: Lee Hong-Kee , Lewis Lionel D , Tsongalis Gregory J , Schur Bernard C , Jannetto Paul J , Wong Steven H , Yeo Kiang-Teck J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground: CYP2D6 is a highly polymorphic phase I enzyme that metabolizes 20%–25% of clinically used drugs. The objective of this study was to validate a CYP2D6 genotyping assay with the NanoChip® Molecular Biology Workstation.Methods: We genotyped 200 anonymized human DNA samples with the Pyrosequencing® platform at the Medical College of Wisconsin and with the NanoChip platform at Dartmouth Medical School. We compared CYP2D6 genotypes and resolved samples with genotypic discrepancies with the Jurilab CYP2D6 duplication/deletion assay or with traditional DNA sequencing. The Jurilab assay is a long-range PCR assay used to evaluate sequence structures 3′ of the CYP2D7 and CYP2D6 coding regions. For the NanoChip platform, we performed multipad addressing and duplicate runs to test the intra- and intercartridge precision, within- and between-run precision, and reproducibility of the defined genotypes.Results: We used both platforms to genotype all 200 DNA samples for CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, and gene duplication. The 2 methods showed 99.4% concordance in the genotyping results; we found only 8 discrepant genotypes among 1400 DNA analyses. Confirmatory molecular analysis of the discrepant genotypes revealed that the NanoChip assay showed better agreement. The imprecision of the NanoChip method (CV) was 8.9%–17.7%.Conclusions: This validation study of the NanoChip electronic microarray–based CYP2D6 genotyping assay revealed a CV &lt;20% and good concordance with the Pyrosequencing method and a confirmatory sequencing method.