bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Pulmonary Vein Stenting for the Treatment of Severe Stenosis After Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: NEUMANN THOMAS , SPERZEL JOHANNES , DILL THORSTEN , KLUGE ALEXANDER , ERDOGAN ALI , GREIS HARALD , HANSEL JOCHEN , BERKOWITSCH ALEXANDER , KURZIDIM KLAUS , KUNISS MALTE , HAMM CHRISTIAN W. , PITSCHNER HEINZ‐F. 
Published: October 2005

Introduction: Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a potential complication of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using radiofrequency energy. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the severity and long‐term outcome of primary angioplasty and angioplasty with pulmonary vein stenting for PVS. Methods and Results: Twelve patients with 15 PVS (greater than 70% stenosis) were prospectively evaluated. Primary dilation of the stenosis was performed because of clinical symptoms (10 patients) and/or the lung perfusion scans showed a significant perfusion defect (11 patients). Magnetic resonance imaging and lung perfusion scans performed before, directly after, during 3‐month, and 6‐month follow‐up. In the stenting group additional multislice CT‐scans directly after, during 6‐month, and 12‐month follow‐up were performed.Within 2 months after primary balloon angioplasty, the PV size parameters were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) with recurrence of PVS in 11 of 15 PVs (73%). Pulmonary vein stenting in 8 patients and 11 PVs resulted in no vein stenosis during 12‐month follow‐up. Normalization of lung perfusion was noted in 8 of 12 patients. We observed 2 patients with hemoptysis during PV dilation, as severe complications with potential life‐threatening character. Conclusion: PVS stenting seems to be superior to balloon angioplasty and effective at least over a period of 12 months in treating acquired PVS after pulmonary vein isolation.
Enalapril Preserves Sinus Node Function in a Canine Atrial Fibrillation Model Induced by Rapid Atrial Pacing
Authors: SAKABE MASAO , FUJIKI AKIRA , NISHIDA KUNIHIRO , SUGAO MASATAKA , NAGASAWA HIDEHIKO , TSUNEDA TAKAYUKI , MIZUMAKI KOICHI , INOUE HIROSHI 
Published: October 2005

Effects of enalapril on canine sinus node (SN) dysfunction induced by long‐term rapid atrial pacing were investigated. Methods and Results: Seventeen beagles were pretreated with either placebo (group I, n = 9) or enalapril 1 mg/kg/day (group II, n = 8) and paced at 500/min from the right atrial appendage for 4 weeks. Every week, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and sinus cycle length (SCL) were measured. Quantitative analysis of interstitial fibrosis (IF) and adipose tissue (AT) in the SN was performed with Masson's trichrome stain, and apoptosis of the sinus nodal cells were detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end‐labeling. In group I, rapid atrial pacing prolonged both CSNRT and SCL. After 4 weeks of pacing, CSNRT and SCL were significantly shorter in group II (CSNRT, 410 ± 37 msec; SCL, 426 ± 34 msec) than in group I (CSNRT, 717 ± 52 msec, P < 0.005; SCL, 568 ± 73 msec, P < 0.05). Both IF and AT of the SN were greater in group I (IF, 9.7 ± 1.9%; AT, 32.6 ± 5.9%) than in seven sham dogs (IF, 2.4 ± 0.9%, P < 0.05; AT, 4.0 ± 1.7%, P < 0.05) and in group II dogs (IF, 4.0 ± 2.0%, P < 0.05; AT, 4.0 ± 1.7%, P < 0.05). End‐labeling assay was positive in three of nine dogs in group I, but negative in group II and sham dogs. Conclusions: Rapid atrial pacing impaired SN function through IF and AT of the SN. Enalapril prevented these pacing‐induced degenerative changes and improved SN function.
Comparison of Cryothermia and Radiofrequency Current in Safety and Efficacy of Catheter Ablation within the Canine Coronary Sinus Close to the Left Circumflex Coronary Artery
Authors: AOYAMA HIROSHI , NAKAGAWA HIROSHI , PITHA JAN V. , KHAMMAR GEORGE S. , CHANDRASEKARAN KRISHNASWAMY , MATSUDAIRA KAGARI , YAGI TETSUO , YOKOYAMA KATSUAKI , LAZZARA RALPH , JACKMAN WARREN M. 
Published: October 2005

Introduction: A canine model was used to compare cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) within the coronary sinus (CS) in the ability to create a transmural CS myocardial (Trans‐CSM) lesion and risk of coronary artery stenosis. Methods: After CS and left circumflex (LCx) coronary angiography, an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) probe was placed in LCx in 29 dogs. An irrigated RFA catheter (8 dogs) or N2O cryoablation catheter (21 dogs) was inserted into the CS and positioned within 2 mm of LCx, confirmed by IVUS. RF (30–50W) was applied for 60 seconds at 10 CS sites. Cryoablation (−75°C) was performed with one (n = 7) or two (n = 14) 4‐minute applications. Dogs were sacrificed at 1 week (8 RFA and 13 cryoablation) or 3 months (8 cryoablation). Results: During RFA, IVUS showed wall thickening and LCx narrowing in 9 of 10 sites. Angiography at 5‐minute post‐RFA identified LCx narrowing (25–90%) at 6 of 10 sites and 25–75% narrowing at 4 of 9 sites at 1‐week post‐RFA. During cryoablation, IVUS showed reversible ice ball compression of LCx, and no LCx narrowing by angiography at 5 minutes, 1 week, or 3 months. Histology showed Trans‐CSM lesion at 10 of 10 RFA sites and 20 of 21 cryoablation sites. RFA produced LCx medial necrosis at 7 of 10 sites, involving 20–50%(median 32.5%) of LCx circumference with loss of intima at 5 of 7 sites. Single and twice 4‐minute cryoablation produced LCx medial necrosis at 2 of 7 and 8 of 14 sites (5–40%, median 25% circumference). Intima was preserved at 1 week (13/13) with minor proliferation (without narrowing) at 2 of 8 sites at 3 months. Conclusions: Cryoablation in CS within 2 mm of LCx produces Trans‐CSM lesions similar to RFA with lower risk of LCx stenosis than RFA.
Outcomes After Cardiac Perforation During Radiofrequency Ablation of the Atrium
Authors: BUNCH T. JARED , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , MONAHAN KRISTI H. , MUNGER THOMAS M. , REA ROBERT F. , SINAK LAWRENCE J. , PACKER DOUGLAS L. 
Published: October 2005

Background: Perforation during catheter procedures in either the atrium or ventricle is relatively uncommon, but potentially fatal if tamponade ensues. This study analyzes the occurrence and outcomes of cardiac perforation during catheter‐based radiofrequency ablation procedures in the left atrium. Methods: All patients with a periprocedure perforation who have undergone radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) or tachycardia were included. Results: Of 632 procedures performed from January 1999 to October 2004, 15 (2.4%) were complicated by perforation requiring pericardiocentesis. The perforation site was left atrium in 9 (60.0%), right atrium in 1 (6.7%), and right ventricle in 5 (33.3%). Intracardiac echocardiography was used in 13 (86.7%) and revealed an effusion before overt instability in 11 (73.3%). Thirteen (86.7%) patients developed a blood pressure <60 mmHg. The pressure stabilized in all patients after pericardiocentesis (hypotension to intervention: 10.1 ± 5.1 minutes). The total blood volume removed was 848 ± 880 mL (left atrium/right atrium: 1,074 ± 1,002 vs right ventricle: 396 ± 266, P = 0.168). Two patients required surgery to close left atrium dome perforations. The ablation was completed in 7 (46.7%) patients. Ten (66.7%) later developed early reoccurrence of AF. All patients were neurologically intact at hospital discharge. During a 1.5 ± 1.1 year follow‐up, AF was eliminated (n = 4) or controlled (n = 1) in 5 (71.4%) patients with complete procedures, and 2 (20.0%) patients underwent successful repeat ablation. Conclusion: The incidence of perforation during ablation of the left atrium is low. Most perforations occur in the left atrium; however, few require surgical closure. Although less than with uncomplicated procedures, the majority of patients with complete ablations achieve long‐term elimination of AF.
Association of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 promoter polymorphism with generalized aggressive periodontitis in a Chinese population
Authors: Cao Zhengguo , Li Chengzhang , Jin Lijian , Corbet Esmonde F. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of −1607 bp of the human matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) gene has been found to be associated with an increased risk of various inflammatory diseases and cancer metastasis.Objectives:  The present study aimed to examine the distribution of MMP‐1 genotypes in a group of Chinese subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis and a group of periodontally healthy subjects, and to evaluate the possible association of the MMP‐1 promoter polymorphism with aggressive periodontitis.Methods:  Genomic DNA was obtained from whole blood samples in 40 Chinese subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis and 52 periodontally healthy subjects as controls. MMP‐1 promoter fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the polymorphisms were analyzed by restriction endonuclease cleavage. The alleles were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized with ethidium bromide.Results:  The detection frequency of 2G allele was significantly higher in the subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (68.7%) than in the control subjects (49%) (p < 0.01). The genotype of 2G/2G was found in 52.5% of the patients, which was significantly greater than that of control subjects (23.1%) (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  The present study suggests that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MMP‐1 promoter region of −1607 bp may be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis in Chinese population.
Genetic relatedness of oral yeasts within and between patients with marginal periodontitis and subjects with oral health
Authors: Song Xiaobo , Eribe Emenike R. K. , Sun Jinglu , Hansen B. Frode , Olsen Ingar 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Yeasts are found in periodontal pockets at a frequency of 15–21%. However, the genetic relatedness of oral yeasts within and between patients with marginal periodontitis is not clear.Objectives:  Assay genetic relatedness of oral yeasts from marginal periodontitis patients and oral health subjects, as well as genetic relatedness of yeasts from different oral sites in these two groups of participants.Material and methods:  Yeast isolates were collected from 23 marginal periodontitis patients and 19 oral health subjects. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting and the Dendron computer‐assisted program for gel analyses were applied for estimation of genetic relatedness of yeasts.Results:  The similarity coefficient (SAB) of the marginal periodontitis group ranged from 0.49 to 1.00 with an average of 0.64 ± 0.11, whereas the SAB of the oral health group ranged from 0.62 to 1.00 with an average of 0.72 ± 0.07. Three genetic clusters and 73 genotypes were obtained from the marginal periodontitis group, whereas three genetic clusters and 55 genotypes were found in the oral health group. In the pooled dendrogram, 57% of the yeast isolates and the type strain of Candida albicans fell in a major cluster V. There were no significant differences between the frequencies of clusters from the different oral sites within the two participant groups.Conclusions:  Genetically heterogeneous yeasts were found in the oral cavities of marginal periodontitis patients and oral health subjects. Similar genetic clustering patterns were obtained from the yeasts of the two groups, with cluster V being most predominant. Yeasts of the marginal periodontitis group were more genetically diverse than yeasts of the oral health group, and some yeasts of the marginal periodontitis group exhibited unique genetic patterns. There was no clear association between yeast genetic clusters and oral sites in the two participant groups.
Suppression of lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine production of gingival fibroblasts by a soybean, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yoshida Ryuji , Kanada Yasufumi , Fukuda Yoichi , Yagyu Tatsuo , Inagaki Kiyokazu , Kondo Toshiharu , Kurita Noriyuki , Suzuki Mika , Kanayama Naohiro , Terao Toshihiko 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Human bikunin, a Kunitz‐type trypsin inhibitor, inhibits inflammation by down‐regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in tumor cells and inflammatory cells.Objectives:  We analyzed the effect of a soybean‐derived Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) on TNF‐α production in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer.Material and methods:  Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and cytokine levels were monitored using western blot and a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:  Here, we show (i) a soybean KTI abrogates LPS‐induced up‐regulation of TNF‐α mRNA and protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner in gingival fibroblasts, (ii) KTI also blocks the induction of TNF‐α target molecules interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐6 proteins, (iii) inhibition by KTI of TNF‐α induction correlates with the suppressive capacity of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 signaling pathways, implicating repressed ERK1/2 and p38 signalings in the inhibition, and (iv) pretreatment of cells with KTI blocked LPS‐induced nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that KTI inhibits LPS‐induced up‐regulation of cytokine expression possibly through suppression of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase‐mediated NFκB activation. These findings may identify anti‐inflammatory properties of KTI at the level of gingival fibroblasts and may be relevant to the use of KTI in modulating inflammation, including periodontal disease.
The correlation between the bone probing, radiographic and histometric measurements of bone level after regenerative surgery
Authors: Yun Jeong‐Ho , Hwang Sung‐Joon , Kim Chang‐Sung , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: October 2005

Background and objective:  The most accurate method of assessing bone level is to elevate the flap and measure the bone level directly. However, this method causes discomfort to the patient and can damage the tissues. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to find an alternative method that can be used to assess the bone level clinically with accuracy and reliability. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical reliability and accuracy of bone probing and radiographic measurements, by comparing the bone levels obtained by both of these measurement techniques with the histometrically confirmed bone levels, after four different kinds of regenerative therapy.Methods:  Twenty‐four intrabony defects (4 × 4 mm one‐wall intrabony defects) were surgically created bilaterally in the mandibular second and fourth premolars of six beagle dogs. The control group underwent a conventional flap operation. The graft group was treated with calcium phosphate glass only, the guided tissue regeneration group was treated with guided tissue regeneration only, and the graft + guided tissue regeneration group was treated with calcium phosphate glass and guided tissue regeneration. Bone probing and radiographic measurements were performed to assess the bone level 8 weeks after the operation and then the subjects were killed to perform the histometric measurements. The correlation between the bone probing depths and the histometric bone levels, and that between the radiographic bone levels and the histometric bone levels were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The statistical significance with respect to the type of regenerative therapy was analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results:  The difference between the bone probing depth and the histometric bone level measurements was 0.14, and that between the radiographic bone level and histometric bone level was 0.6. The coefficient of correlation between the bone probing depth and the histometric bone level was 0.90, and that between the radiographic bone level and the histometric bone level was 0.73. The type of regenerative therapy had no significant effect on the difference between the histometric bone level and the other measurements.Conclusion:  The results of the present study suggest that the bone probing measurement may be a reliable method for the assessment of the actual bone level following any type of periodontal regenerative therapy.
Primary tooth injuries in Norwegian children (1–8 years)
Authors: Skaare Anne Berit , Jacobsen Ingeborg 
Published: October 2005

Abstract –  This prospective study examined the yearly incidence of traumatic injuries to primary teeth. The aim of the study was to find out more about dental injuries to primary teeth in Norwegian children. The study was performed in one county of Norway involving approximately 20 000 children in the age group 1–8 years. Twenty‐seven public dental clinics and 42 dentists participated. The dentists attended information and calibration meetings and received illustrations of the classification of dental trauma as well as examples of how to fill in the forms correctly. Two hundred and sixty‐six children were involved, including 447 primary teeth, recorded during a 1‐year registration period (2003). The dental trauma incidence was 1.3% with 3.5‐year old being the most accident‐prone. Boys were significantly more often injured than girls, 164 versus 102 (P < 0.001). The upper central incisors were most involved (92%), with a non‐significant difference between the right and left side. The minor periodontal injuries dominated (59%). Hard tissue injuries were far less frequent (13%). Avulsions were observed in 6.5% and intrusions in 7.5% of the injured children, being 5.5% and 5% of the injured teeth. Most of the injuries occurred either at home (38%) or at kindergarten (32%). Sixty‐two percentage were falling accidents often sustained during children's play, and 25% were pure playing accidents.Conclusion:  In Norwegian children aged 1–8 years, with a predominance of boys, the most common primary tooth injuries were minor luxations of the maxillary central incisors, sustained at an age of 3.5 years. As the traumas often occurred during children's play and/or were the consequence of falls, these are difficult to prevent. However, follow ups should be carried out to disclose pulpal or periodontal complications and/or developmental disturbances of the permanent successors.
Investigating fragmentation conditions in self-gravitating accretion discs
Authors: Rice W. K. M. , Lodato G. , Armitage P. J. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The issue of fragmentation in self-gravitating gaseous accretion discs has implications both for the formation of stars in discs in the nuclei of active galaxies, and for the formation of gaseous planets or brown dwarfs in circumstellar discs. It is now well established that fragmentation occurs if the disc is cooled on a time-scale smaller than the local dynamical time-scale, while for longer cooling times the disc reaches a quasi-steady state in thermal equilibrium, with the cooling rate balanced by the heating due to gravitational stresses. We investigate here how the fragmentation boundary depends on the assumed equation of state. We find that the cooling time required for fragmentation increases as the specific heat ratio γ decreases, exceeding the local dynamical time-scale for γ= 7/5. This result can be easily interpreted as a consequence of there being a maximum stress (in units of the local disc pressure) that can be sustained by a self-gravitating disc in quasi-equilibrium. Fragmentation occurs if the cooling time is such that the stress required to reach thermal equilibrium exceeds this value, independent of γ. This result suggests that a quasi-steady, self-gravitating disc can never produce a stress that results in the viscous α parameter exceeding ∼0.06.
BAD BEHAVIOR OR BAD POLICY? AN EXAMINATION OF TENNESSEE RELEASE COHORTS, 1993–2001*
Authors: WILSON JAMES A. 
Published: October 2005

Research Summary:Few studies have examined time‐based variations in recidivism rates despite the substantial variation that seems to be characteristic of some states. A recent publication by the Tennessee Department of Correction indicates that reincarceration rates increased significantly for parole release cohorts from 1993 to 1997. I reexamine the Tennessee data with additional years and confirm the sharp increase in reincarceration rates, although subsequent years show a decline back to 1993 levels. Findings indicate that time‐based variation in the return rate is not attributable to differences in the populations being released, nor does it seem to be associated with increases in criminal behavior as measured by new arrests or new criminal convictions. Results suggest that violations of the technical conditions of parole rather than increased criminal behavior largely account for the trend, that parole release was used as a “back‐door” means of controlling and stabilizing rapidly growing prison populations, and that the use of parole in this manner was associated with increased rates of return to prison.Policy Implications:This article highlights issues with parole technical violators, release decisions, and revocation criteria, as well as their relationships with correctional systems. Large variations in parole grant rates over the study period suggest a lack of consistently applied objective risk criteria for parole release and may validate some criticisms of arbitrariness in parole release decisions. Increased grant rates do not seem to be associated with increased rates of criminal behavior, which suggests that the more conservative grant rates in recent years could be raised without increased risk to public safety. There also seem to be significant differences in violation rates by region that may indicate inconsistencies in the application of violation criteria.
“IT'S GETTING CRAZY OUT THERE”: CAN A CIVIL GANG INJUNCTION CHANGE A COMMUNITY?*
Authors: MAXSON CHERYL L. , HENNIGAN KAREN M. , SLOANE DAVID C. 
Published: October 2005

Research Summary:Civil gang injunctions are an increasingly popular gang suppression tactic. This article reports on the first scientific evaluation of the community impact of this strategy. San Bernardino residents in five neighborhoods were surveyed about their perceptions and experience of crime, gang activity, and neighborhood quality 18 months before and 6 months after the issuance of an injunction. Analyses indicated positive evidence of short‐term effects in the disordered, primary injunction area, including less gang presence, fewer reports of gang intimidation, and less fear of confrontation with gang members, but no significant changes in intermediate or long‐term outcomes except lower fear of crime. Comparison of this injunction area with a previous one suggested that improvements in neighborhood dynamics might accrue over the long term. Negative effects were observed in the secondary, less disordered injunction area.Policy Implications:This study suggests that the strategic suppression of gang member activities may translate into modest immediate improvements in community safety and well‐being. Furthermore, the findings suggest that law enforcement use caution regarding the size of an injunction area and the type of gang targeted by the tactic. Coupling an injunction with efforts to improve neighborhood social organization and provide positive alternatives for gang members might substantially improve its effectiveness.