bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkoxyamine C–ON Bond Homolysis: Stereoelectronic Effects
Authors: Beaudoin Emmanuel , Bertin Denis , Gigmes Didier , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Siri Didier , Tordo Paul 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlkoxyamines and persistent nitroxides are important regulators of nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMP) reactions. Because polymerization times decrease with an increase in the rate constant for the homolysis of the C–ON bond between the polymer chain and the nitroxyl moiety, the factors influencing the cleavage rate constant are of considerable interest. Therefore, it was interesting to check whether the methyl effect (+17 kJ/mol for each methyl added onto the carbon atom of the C–ON bond) observed in the TEMPO‐based alkoxyamine series was also observed in the SG1 [N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)aminoxyl] series. Moreover, we extended the incremental substituent scale proposed earlier and confirmed the versatility of the multiparameter analysis developed in previous work. X‐ray and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses of several SG1‐CHMeCOOR alkoxyamines showed that the difference in reactivity between the (RR/SS) and (RS/SR) diastereoisomers is caused by a nσ→σ* interaction between the nσ lone pair of the oxygen atom of the ester bond and the σ* orbital of the cleaved O–C bond. Furthermore, a compilation of the effects — steric, polar, stabilizing, long‐distance polar and long‐distance reverse steric — of the leaving alkyl radical on the value of kd for C–ON bond homolysis led us to question the one‐step mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of (2E)‐3‐Silylallylic Alcohols by Hydromagnesiation of 1‐Aryl‐2‐silylacetylenes
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Zhou Zhou , Jiang Jianwen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHydromagnesiation of 1‐aryl‐2‐silylacetylenes 1 in diethyl ether gave (1E)‐2‐silylvinyl Grignard reagents 2, which reacted with aldehydes or ketones 3 to afford stereoselectively (2E)‐3‐silylallylic alcohols 4 in good to high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Platinum group metallodrug‐protein binding studies by capillary electrophoresis – inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry: A further insight into the reactivity of a novel antitumor ruthenium(III) complex toward human serum proteins
Authors: Polec‐Pawlak Kasia , Abramski Jan K. , Semenova Olga , Hartinger Christian G. , Timerbaev Andrei R. , Keppler Bernhard K. , Jarosz Maciej 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBiochemical speciation analysis has become a hot area of CE research due largely to growing emergence of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐MS as a proper detection technique. A benefit of CE–ICP‐MS coupling in species‐selective analysis of anticancer metal‐based drugs is the possibility of distinguishing the signals of the intact drug and its metabolites and hence of quantifying them independently. This advantage (over CE with UV‐vis detection) was exploited here in order to gain better knowledge about the rate and degree of the transformation of indazolium [trans‐tetrachlorobis(1H‐indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019), a promising tumor‐inhibiting agent that successfully finished phase I clinical studies, upon its binding toward individual serum transport proteins. At increasing the KP1019/protein molar ratio, the reaction rate expressed by an evolving peak of the protein adduct became faster, with the equilibrium state being reached after about 40 and 60 min of incubation at 37°C for transferrin and albumin, respectively. The binding reaction was shown to obey the first‐order character that enabled for reliable calculation of the corresponding rate constants as (28.7 ± 1.5)×10−4 and (10.6 ± 0.7)×10−4/s, respectively. When incubated with a ten‐fold excess of KP1019, albumin and transferrin bound, respectively, up to 8 and 10 equiv. of ruthenium (Ru). Relative affinity of KP1019 toward different proteins under simulated physiological conditions was also characterized in terms of the overall binding constants (5600 and 10 600/M, respectively). To emphasize the difference in the protein‐binding behavior, a competitive interaction of KP1019 was followed by CE–ICP‐MS at the actual molar ratio of proteins in blood, i.e. a ten‐fold excess of albumin over transferrin. The fact that KP1019 binds to albumin stronger than to transferrin was manifested by finding almost all ruthenium (98–99%) in the albumin fraction.
Molecular classification of mucoepidermoid carcinomas—Prognostic significance of the MECT1–MAML2 fusion oncogene
Authors: Behboudi Afrouz , Enlund Fredrik , Winnes Marta , Andrén Ywonne , Nordkvist Anders , Leivo Ilmo , Flaberg Emilie , Szekely Laszlo , Mäkitie Antti , Grenman Reidar , Mark Joachim , Stenman Göran 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of the salivary and bronchial glands are characterized by a recurrent t(11;19)(q21;p13) translocation resulting in a MECT1–MAML2 fusion in which the CREB‐binding domain of the CREB coactivator MECT1 (also known as CRTC1, TORC1 or WAMTP1) is fused to the transactivation domain of the Notch coactivator MAML2. To gain further insights into the molecular pathogenesis of MECs, we cytogenetically and molecularly characterized a series of 29 MECs. A t(11;19) and/or an MECT1–MAML2 fusion was detected in more than 55% of the tumors. Several cases with cryptic rearrangements that resulted in gene fusions were detected. In fusion‐negative MECs, the most common aberration was a single or multiple trisomies. Western blot and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the MECT1–MAML2 fusion protein was expressed in all MEC‐specific cell types. In addition, cotransfection experiments showed that the fusion protein colocalized with CREB in homogeneously distributed nuclear granules. Analyses of potential downstream targets of the fusion revealed differential expression of the cAMP/CREB (FLT1 and NR4A2) and Notch (HES1 and HES5) target genes in fusion‐positive and fusion‐negative MECs. Moreover, clinical follow‐up studies revealed that fusion‐positive patients had a significantly lower risk of local recurrence, metastases, or tumor‐related death compared to fusion‐negative patients (P = 0.0012). When considering tumor‐related deaths only, the estimated median survival for fusion‐positive patients was greater than 10 years compared to 1.6 years for fusion‐negative patients. These findings suggest that molecularly classifying MECs on the basis of an MECT1–MAML2 fusion is histopathologically and clinically relevant and that the fusion is a useful marker in predicting the biological behavior of MECs. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of depression in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: results from two large cohort studies in Chinese elderly from Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Samuel Y. S. , Woo Jean , Lynn Henry S. H. , Leung Jason , Tang Y. N. , Leung P. C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveAlthough it has been suggested that depression is common in patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), few studies on the association between chronic respiratory diseases and depression have been conducted in the community.MethodData from the baseline examination of two cohort studies, Mr and Ms Os, Hong Kong were used. Three thousand nine hundred and ninety‐eight Hong Kong men and women aged 65 to 92 were recruited. Depression was assessed by face‐to‐face interview, using the short‐form of a validated Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Chronic respiratory disease was assessed by subjects' self reports of chronic respiratory disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma) diagnosed by medical doctors. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depression among subjects with chronic respiratory diseases relative to those without (controls) were calculated, after adjustments were made for potential confounders.ResultsChronic respiratory disease was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive disorders with an odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI = 1.12–2.13) after adjustment was made for age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and history of cardiovascular diseases when compared with controls. For those subjects with self report of chronic respiratory disease and who screened positive for depression (n = 44), none were on antidepressants. Among subjects who screened positive for depression without self‐report of chronic respiratory disease (n = 328), only 2.74% (n = 9) were on antidepressants.ConclusionsWe conclude that chronic respiratory disease is independently associated with depression in Chinese elderly. Moreover, depression in the elderly is under‐treated in those with and without chronic respiratory disease. Clinicians, especially primary care physicians in the community, should be more aware of increased prevalence of depression in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) scale: a systematic review
Authors: Björkelund Karin Björkman , Larsson Sylvia , Gustafson Lars , Andersson Edith 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) Scale was developed to determine elderly patients' disturbances of awareness and orientation as to time, place and own identity, and assessment of various emotional and behavioural symptoms appearing in delirium, dementia and other organic mental diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the OBS Scale, using the eight criteria and guidelines formulated by the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust (SAC), and to investigate its relevance and suitability for use in various clinical settings.MethodSystematic search and analysis of papers (30) on the OBS Scale were carried out using the criteria suggested by the SAC.ResultsThe OBS Scale in many aspects satisfies the requirements suggested by the SAC: conceptual and measurement model, reliability, validity, responsiveness, interpretability, respondent and administrative burden, alternative forms of administration, and cultural and language adaptations, but there is a need for additional evaluation, especially with regard to different forms of reliability, and the translation and adaptation to other languages.ConclusionsThe OBS Scale is a sensitive scale which is clinically useful for the description and long‐term follow‐up of patients showing symptoms of acute confusional state and dementia. Although the OBS Scale has been used in several clinical studies there is need for further evaluation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of plaque biofilm removal on reestablishment of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Papanicolau Pascal , Rothamel Daniel , Beck Brigitte , Herten Monika , Becker Jürgen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of plaque biofilm removal on the mitochondrial activity of human SaOs‐2 osteoblasts grown on titanium surfaces. Volunteers wore acrylic splints with structured titanium discs for 72 h to build up plaque biofilms (n = 30). Specimens were randomly instrumented using either (1) an ultrasonic system at two power settings (EMS1, EMS2) + chlorhexidine (CHX), or (2) plastic curettes + CHX. Untreated (NC, n = 10) and sterile (C, n = 10) titanium discs served as controls. Specimens were incubated with SaOs‐2 cells for 6 days. Treatment time (T), residual plaque biofilm (RPB)/clean implant surface areas (%), mitochondrial cell activity (MA) (counts/second), and cell morphology (SEM) were assessed. Statistical analysis revealed the following mean scores (±SD): RPB areas: P (58.5 ± 4.9) > EMS1 (38.4 ± 4.1) > EMS2 (28.3 ± 2.0); T: PC (292 ± 30) = EMS1 (244 ± 24) > EMS2 (199 ± 25); MA: C (1.544.661 ± 203.442) > PC (597.559 ± 566.984) = EMS2 (389.875 ± 409.300) = EMS1 (356.653 ± 293.863; n.s.) > NC (138.676 ± 86.666). In NC and PC groups, cells were predominantly rounded in shape. However, in the EMS groups, some cells had started to spread, showing complete cytoplasmatic extensions of the cell body on the titanium surface. A monolayer of flattened cells was generally observed in the C group. Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that MA seemed to be impaired by the presence of RPB areas. However, its removal alone might not be the crucial step in the reestablishment of the biocompatibility of titanium surfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
On the suitability of strictly localized orbitals for hybrid QM/MM calculations
Authors: Fornili Arianna , Moreau Yohann , Sironi Maurizio , Assfeld Xavier 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn the QM/MM method we have developed (LSCF/MM), the QM and the MM parts are held together by means of strictly localized bonding orbitals (SLBOs). Generally these SLBOs are derived from localized bond orbitals (LBOs) that undergo tails deletion, resulting in a nonpredictable change of their properties. An alternative set of SLBOs is provided by the extremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs) approach, where the orbitals are rigorously localized on some prefixed atoms without tails on the other atoms of the molecule. A comparative study of SLBOs arising from various localization schemes and ELMOs is presented to test the reliability and the transferability of these functions within the Local Self‐Consistent Field (LSCF) framework. Two types of chemical bonds were considered: CC and CO single bonds. The localized functions are obtained on the ethane and the methanol molecules, and are tested on β‐alanine and diethyl ether molecules. Moreover, the various protonation forms of β‐alanine have been investigated to illustrate how well the polarity variation of the chemical bond can be handled throughout a chemical process. At last, rotation energy profiles around CC and CO bonds are reproduced for butane and fluoromethanol. Energetic, geometric, as well as electronic factors all indicate that ELMO functions are much more transferable from one molecule to another, leading to results closer to the usual SCF reference than any other calculations involving any other localized orbitals. When the shape of the orbital is the most important factor then ELMO functions will perform as well as any other localized orbital. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 515–523, 2006
A seasonally lagged signal of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the North Pacific
Authors: Zhao Hongxu , Moore G. W. K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been identified as an important mode of variability in the climate system. However, little is known about its impact on the climate of the North Pacific region. In this paper, we discuss the existence of a seasonally lagged signal of the NAO in the North Pacific region. In particular, we show that the spring sea‐level pressures (SLPs) and surface temperatures in the region are positively correlated with the characteristics of the NAO during the preceding winter. This signal is identified in a number of long‐term climate data sets including a Japanese tree‐ring time series that has been shown to be a proxy for spring temperatures in the North Pacific region. We identify two distinct mechanisms responsible for this lagged signal: one involving sea‐surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific and the other involving Eurasian snow anomalies. We show that both these anomalies develop during the winter and persist into spring, resulting in the observed lagged response. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
The thermal decomposition of water
Authors: Srinivasan N. K. , Michael J. V. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH‐radicals at 308 nm, corresponding to a total path length of 1.749 m, has been used to study the reaction H2O + M → H + OH + M between 2196 and 2792 K using 0.3, 0.5, and 1% H2O, diluted in Kr. As a result of the increased sensitivity for OH‐radical detection, the existing database for this reaction could be extended downward by ∼500 K. Combining the present work with that of Homer and Hurle, the composite rate expression for water dissociation in either Ar or Kr bath gas is k1,Ar(or Kr) = (2.43 ± 0.57) × 10−10 exp(−47117  ± 633 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 over the T‐range of 2196–3290 K. Applying the Troe factorization method to data for both forward and reverse reactions, the rate behavior could be expressed to within <±18% over the T‐range, 300–3400 K, by the three‐parameter expression k1,Ar = 1.007 × 104 T−3.322 exp(−60782 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 A large enhancement due to H2O with H2O collisional activation has been noted previously, and both absolute and relative data have been considered allowing us to suggest k1, H2 O = 1.671 × 102 T−2.440 exp(−60475 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the rate constants with H2O bath gas over the T‐range, 300–3400 K. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 211–219, 2006
Transcranial application of low‐energy laser irradiation improves neurological deficits in rats following acute stroke
Authors: DeTaboada Luis , Ilic Sanja , Leichliter‐Martha Sandra , Oron Uri , Oron Amir , Streeter Jackson 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to have beneficial effects on ischemic skeletal and heart muscles tissues. The aim of the present study was to approve the effectiveness of LLLT treatment at different locations on the brain in acute stroked rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsStroke was induced in 169 rats that were divided into four groups: control non‐laser and three laser‐treated groups where laser was employed ipsilateral, contralateral, and both to the side of the induced stroke. Rats were tested for neurological function.ResultsIn all three laser‐treated groups, a marked and significant improvement in neurological deficits was evident at 14, 21, and 28 days post stroke relative to the non‐treated group.ConclusionsThese observations suggest that LLLT applied at different locations in the skull and in a rather delayed‐phase post stroke effectively improves neurological function after acute stroke in rats. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:70–73, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser resection technique and results of multiple lung metastasectomies using a new 1,318 nm Nd:YAG laser system
Authors: Rolle Axel , Pereszlenyi Arpad , Koch Rainer , Bis Beata , Baier Barbara 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdvantages of a new 1,318 nm Nd:YAG laser based on multiple lung metastasectomies are shown.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNinety‐three percent of 328 patients with metastases (8/patient, range 1–124) had precision laser resections (lobectomy‐rate reduced to 7%); this laser delivers 20 kW/cm2 1,318 nm power densities with 400 µm fibers, and a focussing handpiece. Absorption in water is tenfold higher.Results and ConclusionsBetween 1/1996 and 12/2003 in 328 patients (164 males/females, 61 years) 3,267 nodules were removed. Pathologic examination revealed 2,546 metastases (range 3–80 mm) from kidney (n = 112), colorectal (n = 91), and breast cancers (n = 35). In 85% of patients where the complete resection was achieved the 5‐year survival was 41%. For remaining 15% (incomplete resection) the 5‐year survival was 7%. Five‐year survival for patients with 10 (and more) metastases was 28%, for patients with 20 (and more) was 26%. No 30‐day mortality was observed.ConclusionThis new laser system facilitates any kind of parenchymal lung resection in lobe‐sparing manner and in case of complete resection improves significantly the survival. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:26–32, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of laser fluence in cell viability, proliferation, and membrane integrity of wounded human skin fibroblasts following helium‐neon laser irradiation
Authors: Hawkins Denise H. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn medicine, lasers have been used predominantly for applications, which are broadly termed low level laser therapy (LLLT), phototherapy or photobiomodulation. This study aimed to establish cellular responses to Helium‐Neon (632.8 nm) laser irradiation using different laser fluences (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 16 J/cm2) with a single exposure on 2 consecutive days on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts.Materials and MethodsChanges in normal and wounded fibroblast cell morphology were evaluated by light microscopy. Changes following laser irradiation were evaluated by assessing the mitochondrial activity using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence, cell proliferation using neutral red and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, membrane integrity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and percentage cytotoxicity and DNA damage using the Comet assay.ResultsMorphologically, wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm2 migrate rapidly across the wound margin indicating a stimulatory or positive influence of phototherapy. A dose of 5 J/cm2 has a stimulatory influence on wounded fibroblasts with an increase in cell proliferation and cell viability without adversely increasing the amount of cellular and molecular damage. Higher doses (10 and 16 J/cm2) were characterized by a decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation with a significant amount of damage to the cell membrane and DNA.ConclusionsResults show that 5 J/cm2 stimulates mitochondrial activity, which leads to normalization of cell function and ultimately stimulates cell proliferation and migration of wounded fibroblasts to accelerate wound closure. Laser irradiation can modify cellular processes in a dose or fluence (J/cm2) dependent manner. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:74–83, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of pulse dye laser double‐pass treatment intervals on depth of vessel coagulation
Authors: Tanghetti Emil , Sherr Evan A. , Sierra Rafael , Mirkov Mirko 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMulti‐pass treatments with pulse dye lasers (PDLs) are avoided due to perceived side effects. Proper multi‐pass techniques allow for deeper vascular injury. New extended PDLs allow use of multi‐pass procedures. This study evaluates how the time between pulses, inter‐pulse interval [IPI] affect extent of vascular treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixteen subjects were exposed to a series of exposures on normal skin to determine depth of injury for various IPI. Subjects were exposed to single pass, and 4 double‐pass intervals. Tests included exposures at 0.5 milliseconds, 2–7 j/cm2. Exposures included one and two passes, IPI of 1, 10, 30, and 60 seconds; 5 and 30 minutes. Treatments were done with PhotoGenica V‐Star (595‐nm), SmartCool air cooling. Biopsies were taken: single pass and double pass purpuric thresholds; and at 7 j/cm2 to determine depth of vascular coagulation.ResultsHistology revealed increased vascular coagulation depth at purpura threshold for intervals of 1, 10, 30, and 60 seconds between passes compared to single pass treatment, and a significant monotonic increase in depth of vascular injury at 7 j/cm2 with increasing IPI.ConclusionsThe use of multiple passes increases depth of vascular injury, which may increase the efficacy of treatment without significant increase in purpura or risk of scarring for treatments at purpura threshold. At purpura threshold, the depth of vascular injury increases with increasing IPI up to 60 seconds. Above purpura threshold, there is a monotonic increase in depth of vascular injury for IPI up to 30 minutes. These observations suggest multi‐pass treatment methods may be beneficial when employed with PDLs. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:16–21, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.