bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile phone exposure and spatial memory
Authors: Wiholm Clairy , Lowden Arne , Kuster Niels , Hillert Lena , Arnetz Bengt B. , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Moffat Scott D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) emission during mobile phone use has been suggested to impair cognitive functions, that is, working memory. This study investigated the effects of a 2 1/2 h RF exposure (884 MHz) on spatial memory and learning, using a double‐blind repeated measures design. The exposure was designed to mimic that experienced during a real‐life mobile phone conversation. The design maximized the exposure to the left hemisphere. The average exposure was peak spatial specific absorption rate (psSAR10g) of 1.4 W/kg. The primary outcome measure was a “virtual” spatial navigation task modeled after the commonly used and validated Morris Water Maze. The distance traveled on each trial and the amount of improvement across trials (i.e., learning) were used as dependent variables. The participants were daily mobile phone users, with and without symptoms attributed to regular mobile phone use. Results revealed a main effect of RF exposure and a significant RF exposure by group effect on distance traveled during the trials. The symptomatic group improved their performance during RF exposure while there was no such effect in the non‐symptomatic group. Until this new finding is further investigated, we can only speculate about the cause. Bioelectromagnetics 30:59–65, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of general‐case training and behavioral skills training on the generalization of parents' use of discrete‐trial teaching, child correct responses, and child maladaptive behavior
Authors: Ward‐Horner John , Sturmey Peter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOne concern with training discrete‐trial teaching (DTT) is the generalization of teaching skills. This study employed behavioral skills and general‐case training to train three parents to conduct DTT. A multiple‐baseline‐across‐participants‐experimental design assessed the effects of parent training on the generalization of parents' DTT to non‐trained programs and on child behavior. Following training, generalization of parent DTT skills occurred, but the effects on child behavior were variable. Implications of programming for generalization and the effects of parent training on child performance are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand
Authors: Celik Servet , Bilge Okan , Pinar Yelda , Govsa Figen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo lead a quality life, tendon repair must be performed in a trauma causing damage to the extensor tendon of the hand. The aim of this study is to study the structures that can be used as donor tendons. Fifty‐four dissected adult hands were examined to study the pattern of the extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand. The most common distribution patterns of the extensor tendons of the fingers were as follows: a single extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon which inserted ulnar to the extensor digitorum (ED)‐index; a single ED‐index; a single ED‐middle; a single ED‐ring; an absent ED‐little; a double extensor digiti minimi (EDM), and a single ED‐ring to the little finger. The frequency of the number of tendons is as follows: a single (87.03%) EIP, a single ED‐index (100%), a single (92.6%) ED‐middle, a single (75.9%) ED‐ring, and an absent (68.5%) or a single (24.1%) ED‐little. A double (88.9%) EDM tendons were seen. The thickest type of juncturae tendinum (JT) is found primarily between the ring and little fingers (90%). Suitable excessive tendon and the thickest JT as donor tendon were found in the fourth intermetacarpal space. The present findings, especially the fourth intermetacarpal space, may explain why incisions on the dorsum of the hand should be large and performed with particular care. It is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the arrangements of the multiple extensor muscles and their junctural connections of the hand when tenoplasty or tendon transfer is required. Clin. Anat. 21:652–659, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examination of the accessory tendons of extensor hallucis longus muscle in fetuses
Authors: Aktekin Mustafa , Uzmansel Deniz , Kurtoglu Zeliha , Sanli Emine Cigdem , Kara Alev Bobus 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThere are various data about the incidence of accessory tendons (AT) of extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle; however, their function is unknown. This study aimed to determine the incidence and morphometric features of the AT of EHL muscle in fetuses in order to provide more information to discuss its possible function. Forty‐five fetuses (26 female and 19 male) were used in this study. Fetuses were grouped as Group A (16–21weeks), Group B (22–27 weeks), and Group C (28–34 weeks) according to their age. In 23 (51%) out of 45 fetuses, there were AT. These were bilateral in 15 fetuses (65%) and unilateral in eight fetuses (35%). Fifty‐two percent of the fetuses in group A, 43% in group B, and 67% in group C had AT. AT were observed in 14 female (54%) and 9 male (47%) fetuses. In all cases, the AT were always diverging to the medial side of the main EHL tendons and attached to the metatarsophalangeal joint capsule distal to the joint space. Significant correlations were observed in this study between EHL and AT widths as well as between EHL width and EHL‐AT distance on both sides. The present study is the first to provide morphometric data about the AT of EHL muscle in fetuses which will be of use in understanding their function, particularly in biomechanics of the great toe. Clin. Anat. 21:713–717, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected rearrangement of enantiomerically pure 3‐aminoquinuclidine as a simple way of preparing diastereomeric octahydropyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Goljer Igor , Molinari Albert , He Yanan , Nogle Lisa , Sun Weilin , Campbell Brandon , McConnell Oliver 
Published: September 2008

AbstractReaction of (S)‐ or (R)‐3‐aminoquinuclidine with 2‐chloropyrimidine or 2‐bromopyrimidine led to an unexpected formation of both cis‐ and trans‐octahydropyrrolo [2,3]pyridine derivatives. A single‐step synthesis of two of the four stereoisomers of these octahydropyrrolo[2,3]pyridine derivatives provides a convenient way of generating stereochemically defined isomers. Optimization of reaction conditions was carried out by 1H NMR monitoring. The relative and absolute stereochemistry of all four stereoisomers was determined by a combination of 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and alternative splicing of N‐RAP during mouse skeletal muscle development
Authors: Lu Shajia , Borst Diane E. , Horowits Robert 
Published: September 2008

AbstractN‐RAP alternative splicing and protein localization were studied in developing skeletal muscle tissue from pre‐ and postnatal mice and in fusing primary myotubes in culture. Messages encoding N‐RAP‐s and N‐RAP‐c, the predominant isoforms of N‐RAP detected in adult skeletal muscle and heart, respectively, were present in a 5:1 ratio in skeletal muscle isolated from E16.5 embryos. N‐RAP‐s mRNA levels increased three‐fold over the first 3 weeks of postnatal development, while N‐RAP‐c mRNA levels remained low. N‐RAP alternative splicing during myotube differentiation in culture was similar to the pattern observed in embryonic and neonatal muscle, with N‐RAP‐s expression increasing and N‐RAP‐c mRNA levels remaining low. In both developing skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes, N‐RAP protein was primarily associated with developing myofibrillar structures containing α‐actinin, but was not present in mature myofibrils. The results establish that N‐RAP‐s is the predominant spliced form of N‐RAP present throughout skeletal muscle development. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel regulatory role of gp49B on dendritic cells in T‐cell priming
Authors: Kasai Satoshi , Inui Masanori , Nakamura Kyohei , Kakizaki Yuta , Endo Shota , Nakamura Akira , Ito Sadayoshi , Takai Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) play pivotal roles in the induction and regulation of both innate and acquired immunity. DC express several cell‐surface immune inhibitory receptors. However, little is known about their potential immunoregulatory functions in the context of T‐cell activation. Here we report that murine gp49B, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, harboring immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs, is expressed on DC and downregulates cellular activity to prevent the excessive activation of T cells in vitro and in vivo. Bone marrow‐derived DC (BMDC) from newly generated gp49B‐deficient (gp49B−/−) mice induced enhanced proliferation and IL‐2 release of antigen‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with BMDC from wild‐type mice, in a cell–cell contact manner. The enhanced proliferation by gp49B−/− BMDC was also observed in allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the transfer of allogeneic BALB/c splenocytes into C57BL/6 gp49B−/− mice induced severe acute graft‐versus‐host disease with an augmented upregulation of CD86 on CD11c+ splenic gp49B−/− DC, while transfer of C57BL/6 gp49B−/− splenocytes into BALB/c mice did not, suggesting the exacerbation of the disease was due, at least in part, to augmented activation of recipient gp49B−/− DC. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of gp49B in the function of DC.
Enforced expression of GATA3 allows differentiation of IL‐17‐producing cells, but constrains Th17‐mediated pathology
Authors: van Hamburg Jan Piet , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , de Almeida Claudia Ribeiro , van Zwam Marloes , van Meurs Marjan , de Haas Edwin , Boon Louis , Samsom Janneke N. , Hendriks Rudi W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe zinc‐finger transcription factor GATA3 serves as a master regulator of T‐helper‐2 (Th2) differentiation by inducing expression of the Th2 cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 and by suppressing Th1 development. Here, we investigated how GATA3 affects Th17 differentiation, using transgenic mice with enforced GATA3 expression. We activated naïve primary T cells in vitro in the presence of transforming growth factor‐β and IL‐6, and found that enforced GATA3 expression induced co‐expression of Th2 cytokines in IL‐17‐producing T cells. Although the presence of IL‐4 hampered Th17 differentiation, transforming growth factor‐β/IL‐6 cultures from GATA3 transgenic mice contained substantial numbers of IL‐17+ cells, partially because GATA3 supported Th17 differentiation by limiting IL‐2 and IFN‐γ production. GATA3 additionally constrained Th17 differentiation in vitro through IL‐4‐independent mechanisms, involving downregulating transcription of STAT3, STAT4, NFATc2 and the nuclear factor RORγt, which is crucial for Th17 differentiation. Remarkably, upon myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunization in vivo, GATA3 transgenic mice contained similar numbers of IL‐17‐producing T cells in their lymph nodes as wild‐type mice, but were not susceptible to autoimmune encephalomyelitis, possibly due to concomitant production of IL‐4 and IL‐10 induction. We therefore conclude that although GATA3 allows Th17 differentiation, it acts as an inhibitor of Th17‐mediated pathology, through IL‐4‐dependent and IL‐4‐independent pathways.
Protein/DNA vaccine‐induced antigen‐specific Treg confer protection against asthma
Authors: Jin Huali , Xiao Chong , Geng Shuang , Hu Yanxin , She Ruiping , Yu Yang , Kang Youmin , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by T‐cell‐mediated inflammation within airways. No antigen‐specific treatment has been available. Using an OVA‐induced murine asthma model, we find that co‐immunization of an OVA epitope peptide with a DNA vaccine encoding the same epitope is able to prevent this experimental asthma as evidenced in the marked reduction of infiltrations of eosinophils and lymphocytes into the site of the allergen challenge. We demonstrate that the prevention of experimental asthma was directly related to the induction of a population of OVA‐specific T‐regulatory cells (Treg) exhibiting a CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ phenotype and expressing IL‐10, TGF‐β and IFN‐γ following the co‐immunization. Blockade of IL‐10 and TGF‐β of the Treg by anti‐IL‐10 and TGF‐β antibodies is partially able to reverse the suppression in vitro and in vivo, which caused the recurrence of the inflammation. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of the induced Treg is also able to suppress the OVA‐induced asthma. To our knowledge, the combination of peptide with its cognate DNA vaccine protect experimental asthma via the induced epitope‐specific Treg has not been previously reported and such strategy may lead to a novel immunotherapy against asthma in humans.
Protection against Plasmodium falciparum challenge induced in Aotus monkeys by liver‐stage antigen‐3‐derived long synthetic peptides
Authors: Perlaza Blanca‐Liliana , Valencia Anais Zully , Zapata Constanza , Castellanos Angélica , Sauzet Jean‐Pierre , Blanc Catherine , Cohen Joe , Arévalo‐Herrera Myriam , Corradin Giampietro , Herrera Sócrates , Druilhe Pierre 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe vaccine potential of Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen‐3 (LSA3) was investigated in Aotus monkeys using two long synthetic peptides corresponding respectively to an N‐terminal non‐repeat peptide (NRP) and repeat 2 (R2) region of the LSA3, adjuvanted by ASO2. Both 100–222 (NRP) and 501–596 repeat peptides induced effector B‐ and T‐cell responses in terms of antigen‐driven antibodies and/or specific IFN‐γ secretion. Animals challenged with P. falciparum sporozoites were protected following immunization with either the NRP region alone or the NRP combined with the R2 repeat region, as compared with controls receiving the adjuvant alone. These results indicate that the NRP may be sufficient to induce full, sterile protection and confirm the vaccine potential of LSA3 previously demonstrated in chimpanzees and in Aotus.
Resting B cells expand a CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg population via TGF‐β3
Authors: Shah Shivanee , Qiao Liang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) play critical roles in maintaining tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. It is not fully clear how these cells are generated and maintained. Here, we show that resting B cells are able to expand Treg. This expansion requires TGF‐β3 and signaling through the TCR and CD28. Upon activation, B cells express less TGF‐β3, which reduces their capacity to expand Treg and which also results in increased Treg death. This may ensure that B cells can function as potent professional antigen presenting cells during infections. However, in the absence of any infection, we find that B‐cell‐deficient µMT mice have decreased percentages of Treg in the periphery. Our data suggest that resting B cells, which may be presenting self‐antigens to T cells, can expand and maintain specific Treg and thus might be involved in the prevention of autoimmunity.
Optimising anti‐tumour CD8 T‐cell responses using combinations of immunomodulatory antibodies
Authors: Gray Juliet C. , French Ruth R. , James Sonya , Al‐Shamkhani Aymen , Johnson Peter W. , Glennie Martin J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractImmunostimulatory mAb as vaccine adjuvants for the treatment of cancer hold considerable potential for boosting weak responses when used against immunogenic tumours, or in combination with various other vaccines. We now show that when administered with OVA, the combination of anti‐4‐1BB mAb with anti‐CD40, anti‐OX40 or anti‐CD25 resulted in a fourfold enhancement in the antigen‐specific T‐cell response compared with anti‐4‐1BB mAb alone, with a similar enhancement in memory responses following rechallenge with OVA. Although the number of antigen‐specific T‐cells generated after treatment with each of the combinations was similar, marked functional differences were detected. In particular, anti‐4‐1BB/anti‐CD25 resulted in excellent expansion of specific CD8+ T cells but produced fewer IFN‐γ‐secreting effector cells than the other combinations. Anti‐4‐1BB/anti‐OX40 proved to be the most potent, inducing the most effective T‐cell responses in the RIPmOVA diabetes model with adoptively transferred OVA‐specific T cells, and, when given with a peptide vaccine, protecting mice against the poorly immunogenic B16‐F10 tumour. Overall the results suggest that although these combinations of mAb look promising in terms of their therapeutic potential, further functional assays are needed to compare their effects.
Proliferative signals mediated by CD28 superagonists require the exchange factor Vav1 but not phosphoinositide 3‐kinase in primary peripheral T cells
Authors: Gogishvili Tea , Elias Fernando , Emery Juliet L. , McPherson Kirsty , Okkenhaug Klaus , Hünig Thomas , Dennehy Kevin M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAlmost all responses of naive T cells require co‐stimulation, i.e. engagement of the clonotypic TCR with relevant antigen/MHC and the co‐stimulatory molecule CD28. How CD28 contributes to T‐cell proliferation remains poorly understood, with widely conflicting reports existing which may reflect different methods of co‐ligating receptors. Some CD28 mAb, however, can stimulate T‐cell proliferation without the need for TCR co‐ligation, and thus provide unique tools to dissect proliferative signals mediated through CD28 alone. Using primary peripheral T cells from CD28‐transgenic mice, we show that both the YMNM and Lck‐binding motifs, but not the Itk‐binding motif, in CD28 are required for proliferation. Given that the YMNM motif recruits both phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and the exchange factor Vav1, we investigated the role of these two molecules in CD28‐mediated proliferation. In p110δD910A/D910A transgenic T cells, which are defective in PI3K activation following CD28 ligation, proliferation was comparable to that in wild‐type cells. By contrast, T‐cell proliferation was abolished in Vav1−/− cells. Although we did not address the role of Grb2 in CD28 signalling, these results indicate that CD28 can mediate Lck‐ and Vav1‐dependent proliferative signals independently of PI3K.
Alterations of 3p21.31 tumor suppressor genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with progression and prognosis
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Ghosh Amlan , Maiti Guru Prasad , Alam Neyaz , Roy Anup , Roy Bidyut , Roychoudhury Susanta , Panda Chinmay Kumar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of our study was to analyze the alterations of some candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) viz. LIMD1, LTF, CDC25A, SCOTIN, RASSF1A and CACNA2D2 located in the chromosomal region 3p21.31 associated with the development of early dysplastic lesions of head and neck. In analysis of 72 dysplastic lesions and 116 squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, both deletion and promoter methylation have been seen in these genes except for CDC25A and SCOTIN where no methylation has been detected. The alteration of LIMD1 was highest (50%) in the mild dysplastic lesions and did not change significantly during progression of tumor indicating its association with this stage of the disease. It was evident that alterations of LTF, CDC25A and CACNA2D2 were associated with development of moderate dysplastic lesions, while alterations in RASSF1A and CACNA2D2 were needed for progression. Novel somatic mutations were seen in exon 1 of LIMD1 (7%), intron 3/exon4 splice junction of LTF (2%) and exon 7 of cdc25A (10%). Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed mean reduced expression of the genes in the following order: LTF (67.6 ± 16.8) > LIMD1 (53.2 ± 20.1) > CACNA2D2 (23.7 ± 7.1) > RASSF1A (15.1 ± 5.6) > CDC25A (5.3 ± 2.3) > SCOTIN (0.58 ± 0.54). Immunohistochemical analysis of CDC25A showed its localization both in cytoplasm and nucleus in primary lesions and oral cancer cell lines. In absence of HPV infection, LTF and RASSF1A alterations jointly have adverse impact on survival of tobacco addicted patients. Thus, our data suggested that multiple candidate TSGs in the chromosomal 3p21.31 region were differentially associated with the early dysplastic lesions of head and neck. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intake of whole grain products and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status and histology among postmenopausal women
Authors: Egeberg Rikke , Olsen Anja , Loft Steffen , Christensen Jane , Johnsen Nina Føns , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNo clear relationship between whole grain products and risk of breast cancer has been established. In a large prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between intake of whole grain products and risk of breast cancer by tumour receptor status [oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)] and tumour histology (ductal/lobular). It was further investigated whether the association differed by use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The study included 25,278 postmenopausal women participating in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study (1993–1997). During a mean follow‐up time of 9.6 years, 978 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Associations between intake of whole grain products and the breast cancer rate were analysed using Cox's regression model. A higher intake of whole grain products was not associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Per an increment in intake of total whole grain products of 50 g per day the adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.01 (0.96–1.07). Intake of rye bread, oatmeal and whole grain bread was not associated with breast cancer risk. No association was observed between the intake of total or specific whole grain products and the risk of developing ER+, ER−, PR+, PR−, combined ER/PR status, ductal or lobular breast cancer. Furthermore, there was no interaction between intake of whole grain products and use of HRT on risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, intake of whole grain products was not associated with risk of breast cancer in a cohort of Danish postmenopausal women. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high‐fat diet promotes diethylnitrosamine‐initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Wang Yan , Ausman Lynne M. , Greenberg Andrew S. , Russell Robert M. , Wang Xiang‐Dong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIt has been suggested that patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may have high risk for liver cancer. However, it is unknown whether high‐fat diet (HFD) induced NASH promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected with a low dose of hepatic carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and then fed either Lieber‐DeCarli control diet (CD) or HFD for 6 weeks. Liver histology and the hepatic placental form of glutathione S‐transferase (P‐GST) positive foci were examined. Expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1, phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, as well as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) were measured in the liver. Induction of lipid peroxidation end products (malondialdehyde plus 4‐hydroxynonenal) in liver and apoptotic hepatocytes were also assessed. Results showed that HFD‐fed rats developed significantly higher incidence and multiplicity of P‐GST positive foci along with more fat accumulation, infiltration of inflammatory cells and higher lipid peroxidation in the liver, when compared with rats fed the CD. This high prevalence of hepatic lesions in the liver was accompanied by greater PCNA expression and cyclinD1 protein concentration but little change in hepatocyte apoptosis. HFD feeding elevated hepatic phosphorylated ERK but reduced phosphorylated p38 when compared with the CD feeding. In addition, a significantly higher expression of TNF‐α mRNA and nuclear NF‐κB p65 protein were observed in HFD group than in CD group. These data clearly demonstrate that NASH induced by HFD promoted DEN‐initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis, which was associated with elevated TNF‐α/NF‐κB signaling and MAPK related hepatocyte proliferation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.