bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antiviral potential of the antiandrogen enzalutamide and the viral‐androgen signaling interplay in seasonal coronaviruses
Authors: Ogunjinmi Oluwadamilola D. , Abdullahi Tukur , Somji Riaz‐Ali , Bevan Charlotte L. , Barclay Wendy S. , Temperton Nigel , Brooke Greg N. , Giotis Efstathios S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sex disparity in COVID‐19 outcomes with males generally faring worse than females has been associated with the androgen‐regulated expression of the protease TMPRSS2 and the cell receptor ACE2 in the lung and fueled interest in antiandrogens as potential antivirals. In this study, we explored enzalutamide, an antiandrogen used commonly to treat prostate cancer, as a potential antiviral against the human coronaviruses which cause seasonal respiratory infections (HCoV‐NL63, −229E, and ‐OC43). Using lentivirus‐pseudotyped and authentic HCoV, we report that enzalutamide reduced 229E and NL63 entry and infection in both TMPRSS2‐ and nonexpressing immortalized cells, suggesting a TMPRSS2‐independent mechanism. However, no effect was observed against OC43. To decipher this distinction, we performed RNA‐sequencing analysis on 229E‐ and OC43‐infected primary human airway cells. Our results show a significant induction of androgen‐responsive genes by 229E compared to OC43 at 24 and 72 h postinfection. The virus‐mediated effect on AR‐signaling was further confirmed with a consensus androgen response element‐driven luciferase assay in androgen‐depleted MRC‐5 cells. Specifically, 229E induced luciferase‐reporter activity in the presence and absence of the synthetic androgen mibolerone, while OC43 inhibited induction. These findings highlight a complex interplay between viral infections and androgen‐signaling, offering insights for disparities in viral outcomes and antiviral interventions.
Clinico‐epidemiological presentations and management of Nipah virus infection during the outbreak in Kozhikode district, Kerala state, India 2023
Authors: AS Anoop Kumar , Sahay Rima R. , Radhakrishnan Chandni , P Shihabudheen , Kandath Sathishkumar , Patil Deepak Y. , Shete Anita M. , M Shamsudheen , Ramakrishnan Gayathri , Moorkoth Anitha Puduvail , Gupta Nivedita , Yadav Pragya D. , Godbole Sheela , Ramakrishnan Lathika Velichapat , Vadekkandiyil Shameer , Ekkalayil Danish , V Nithasha , Balakrishnan Anukumar , Pullor Niyas K. , Asokan Neelakandhan , Joseph Reena Kalathil , Nair Priyanka R. , Purayil Sreejayan Meethale , Mathew Thomas , Kizhakkekandiyil Rajaram , Poovullathil Jayesh Kumar , PS Kannan Sabarinath , PT Ullas , George Kalpana , Rahim Asma , Kumar Surendra , S Siba , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Rajan Lekshmi S. , Ramachandran Shamin Punnath , Thampi Seethu Ponnu , Ashadevi  , Anish Thekkumkara Surendran , Chandran Priya , Mohan Anuja , Vadakkayil Bindu , Koroth Shaji Cheriya , Hafeez Nimin , Sasi Rajasi Ranjini , Abraham Minu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndia experienced its sixth Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in September 2023 in the Kozhikode district of Kerala state. The NiV is primarily transmitted by spillover events from infected bats followed by human‐to‐human transmission. The clinical specimens were screened using real‐time RT‐PCR, and positive specimens were further characterized using next‐generation sequencing. We describe here an in‐depth clinical presentation and management of NiV‐confirmed cases and outbreak containment activities. The current outbreak reported a total of six cases with two deaths, with a case fatality ratio of 33.33%. The cases had a mixed presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome and encephalitis syndrome. Fever was a persistent presentation in all the cases. The Nipah viral RNA was detected in clinical specimens until the post‐onset day of illness (POD) 14, with viral load in the range of 1.7–3.3 × 104 viral RNA copies/mL. The genomic analysis showed that the sequences from the current outbreak clustered into the Indian clade similar to the 2018 and 2019 outbreaks. This study highlights the vigilance of the health system to detect and effectively manage the clustering of cases with clinical presentations similar to NiV, which led to early detection and containment activities.
Parenteral nutrition emulsion inhibits CYP3A4 in an iPSC derived liver organoids testing platform
Authors: Harrison Sean P. , Baumgarten Saphira F. , Chollet Maria E. , Stavik Benedicte , Bhattacharya Anindita , Almaas Runar , Sullivan Gareth J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesParenteral nutrition (PN) is used for patients of varying ages with intestinal failure to supplement calories. Premature newborns with low birth weight are at a high risk for developing PN associated liver disease (PNALD) including steatosis, cholestasis, and gallbladder sludge/stones. To optimize nutrition regimens, models are required to predict PNALD.MethodsWe have exploited induced pluripotent stem cell derived liver organoids to provide a testing platform for PNALD. Liver organoids mimic the developing liver and contain the different hepatic cell types. The organoids have an early postnatal maturity making them a suitable model for premature newborns. To mimic PN treatment we used medium supplemented with either clinoleic (80% olive oil/20% soybean oil) or intralipid (100% soybean oil) for 7 days.ResultsHomogenous HNF4a staining was found in all organoids and PN treatments caused accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. Organoids exhibited a dose dependent decrease in CYP3A4 activity and expression of hepatocyte functional genes. The lipid emulsions did not affect overall organoid viability and glucose levels had no contributory effect to the observed results.ConclusionsLiver organoids could be utilized as a potential screening platform for the development of new, less hepatotoxic PN solutions. Both lipid treatments caused hepatic lipid accumulation, a significant decrease in CYP3A4 activity and a decrease in the RNA levels of both CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in a dose dependent manner. The presence of high glucose had no additive effect, while Clinoleic at high dose, caused significant upregulation of interleukin 6 and TLR4 expression.
Multiple biotic interactions establish phytoplankton community structure across environmental gradients
Authors: Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Follett Christopher L. , Follows Michael J. , Henderikx‐Freitas Fernanda , Ribalet Francois , Gradoville Mary R. , Coesel Sacha N. , Farnelid Hanna , Finkel Zoe V. , Irwin Andrew J. , Jahn Oliver , Karl David M. , Mattern Jann Paul , White Angelicque E. , Zehr Jonathan P. , Armbrust E. Virginia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combination of taxa and size classes of phytoplankton that coexist at any location affects the structure of the marine food web and the magnitude of carbon fluxes to the deep ocean. But what controls the patterns of this community structure across environmental gradients remains unclear. Here, we focus on the North East Pacific Transition Zone, a ~ 10° region of latitude straddling warm, nutrient‐poor subtropical and cold, nutrient‐rich subpolar gyres. Data from three cruises to the region revealed intricate patterns of phytoplankton community structure: poleward increases in the number of cell size classes; increasing biomass of picoeukaryotes and diatoms; decreases in diazotrophs and Prochlorococcus; and both increases and decreases in Synechococcus. These patterns can only be partially explained by existing theories. Using data, theory, and numerical simulations, we show that the patterns of plankton distributions across the transition zone are the result of gradients in nutrient supply rates, which control a range of complex biotic interactions. We examine how interactions such as size‐specific grazing, multiple trophic strategies, shared grazing between several phytoplankton size classes and heterotrophic bacteria, and competition for multiple resources can individually explain aspects of the observed community structure. However, it is the combination of all these interactions together that is needed to explain the bulk compositional patterns in phytoplankton across the North East Pacific Transition Zone. The synthesis of multiple mechanisms is essential for us to begin to understand the shaping of community structure over large environmental gradients.
Microsurgical reconstruction using thoracoacromial vessels as recipients for complicated chest wall defects
Authors: Kim Jisu , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFree tissue transfer is often required for the reconstruction of complex and deep anterior chest wall wounds, for which the identification of suitable recipient vessels is crucial. Although the internal mammary arteries (IMAs) are a representative option, identifying secondary options when these vessels are compromised remains a challenge. This report evaluated the efficacy of using the thoracoacromial vessels (TAVs) as recipients for chest wall reconstruction by reviewing our experience.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing free‐flap‐based chest wall reconstruction using TAVs as recipient vessels from February 2020 to March 2023. Patient demographics and surgery‐related characteristics data were collected. The primary outcome of interest was the occurrence of flap perfusion‐related complications.ResultsIn total, 12 cases utilized TAVs as recipients, primarily for defects following sternotomy, where bilateral IMA was unavailable due to prior surgery. The TAVs with reliable perfusion were consistently identified beneath the pectoralis major muscle. The anterolateral thigh flap was predominantly employed, with musculocutaneous or chimeric flaps introduced for bony defects. The mean pedicle length of the harvested flap was 7.2 cm (range, 3–13), and in cases with a vascular gap, the pedicle was extended using an arteriovenous interposition graft. This resulted in a mean pedicle length needed to reach recipient vessels of 9.9 cm (range, 6.5–19). All flaps survived, with only one experiencing partial necrosis.ConclusionsThe TAV could be considered as an attractive alternative recipient vessel in microsurgical reconstruction of complicated chest wall defects when the use of IMA is not feasible.
Identification of minimum thresholds for dietary self‐monitoring to promote weight‐loss maintenance
Authors: Arroyo Kelsey M. , Carpenter Chelsea A. , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Ross Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveReduced schedules of dietary self‐monitoring are typically recommended after the end of behavioral weight‐loss programs; however, there exists little empirical evidence to guide these recommendations.MethodsWe explored potential thresholds for dietary self‐monitoring during a 9‐month maintenance period following a 3‐month weight‐loss program in 74 adults with overweight or obesity (mean [SD] age = 50.7 [10.4] years, BMI = 31.2 [4.5] kg/m2) who were encouraged to self‐monitor weight, dietary intake, and physical activity daily and report their adherence to self‐monitoring each week via a study website.ResultsGreater self‐monitoring was correlated with less weight regain for thresholds of ≥3 days/week, with the largest benefit observed for thresholds of ≥5 to ≥6 days/week (all p < 0.05); significant weight gain was observed for thresholds of ≥1 to ≥2 days/week, whereas no change in weight was observed for thresholds of ≥3 to ≥4 days/week, and weight loss was observed with thresholds of ≥5 or more days/week.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that self‐monitoring at least 3 days/week may be beneficial for supporting long‐term maintenance, although greater benefit (in relation to weight loss) may be realized at thresholds of 5 to 6 days/week. Future research should investigate whether individuals who were randomized to self‐monitor at these different thresholds demonstrate differential patterns of weight‐loss maintenance.
Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Hemolytic Properties of Euphorbia calyptrata (l.) Essential oils: in Vitro and in Silico Analysis
Authors: El Kamari Fatima , Zouirech Otmane , Metouekel Amira , Bouslamti Mohammed , Maliki Imane , El Moussaoui Abdelfattah , Chebaibi Mohamed , Taibi Mohamed , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah , Nafidi Hiba‐Allah , Bourhia Mohammed , Dauelbait Musaab , Abdellaoui Abdelfattah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, we sought to validate the use of Euphorbia calyptrata (L.), a Saharan and Mediterranean medicinal plant, in traditional pharmacopeia. GC‐MS/MS identified volatile compounds of potential therapeutic interest. Antioxidant tests were performed using β‐carotene decolorization, DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, beta‐carotene bleaching, and TAC. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on solid and liquid media for bacterial and fungal strains to determine the zone of inhibition and the minimum growth concentration (MIC) of the microbes tested. The hemolytic activity of these essential oils was assessed on red blood cells isolated from rat blood. Phytochemical characterization of the terpenic compounds by GC‐MS/MS revealed 31 compounds, with alpha‐Pinene dominating (35.96 %). The antioxidant power of the essential oils tested revealed an IC50 of 67.28 μg/mL (DPPH), EC50 of 80.25.08±1.42 μg/mL (FRAP), 94.83±2.11 μg/mL (beta carotene) and 985.07±0.70 μg/mL (TAC). Evaluating solid media‘s antibacterial and antifungal properties revealed a zone of inhibition between 10.28 mm and 25.80 mm and 31.48 and 34.21 mm, respectively. On liquid media, the MIC ranged from 10.27 μg/mL to 24.91 μg/mL for bacterial strains and from 9.32 μg/mL to 19.08 μg/mL for fungal strains. In molecular docking analysis, the compounds naphthalene, shogunal, and manol oxide showed the greatest activity against NADPH oxidase, with Glide G scores of −5.294, −5.218 and −5.161 kcal/mol, respectively. For antibacterial activity against E. coli beta‐ketoacyl‐[acyl carrier protein] synthase, the most potent molecules were cis‐Calamenene, alpha.‐Muurolene and Terpineol, with Glide G‐scores of −6.804, −6.424 and −6.313 kcal/mol, respectively. Hemolytic activity revealed a final inhibition of 9.42±0.33 % for a 100 μg/mL concentration. The essential oils tested have good antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hemolytic properties thanks to their rich phytochemical composition, and molecular docking analysis confirmed their biological potency.
Mechanical and gas barrier properties of polyamides 6/ organically modified montmorillonite/ maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer composites produced by rotational molding
Authors: Ma Yitao , Wang Xiulei , Tian Mingming , Zha Yan , Duan Yuchen , Jin Yao , Yang Weimin , Xie Pengcheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐strength and high‐gas‐barrier plastic packaging liners have emerged as competitive products with promising potential application in the field of Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders. Ternary composites, which contain PA6, organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), and maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE‐g‐MAH), have been proposed as possible material for this application. To achieve the goal of developing this material, the influence of material formulation on various properties such as mechanical, microstructure, gas barrier, thermal stability, and flow properties of the composites was investigated. The results show that the composites with 3 wt% OMMT had the best gas barrier and mechanical properties. Additionally, the effect of rotational molding process parameters on the wall thickness of the plastic liner was studied. Process parameter regulation methods were proposed to improve wall thickness consistency of the products. The investigation shows that the composites containing 3 wt% OMMT had the best wall thickness consistency of the products.Highlights
The effect of filler content on the properties of PA6 composites was investigated.
The composites with 3 wt% OMMT had the best wall thickness consistency.
The gas barrier property of the composite is improved by 43.9% over virgin PA6.
The impact strength of the composite is improved by 133.8% over virgin PA6.
Insights for the development of processing methods for plastic packaging inserts.
Empathic accuracy in individuals with schizotypal personality traits
Authors: Hu Ding‐ding , Guo Xiao‐dong , Zheng Hong , Yan Chao , Lui Simon S. Y. , Wang Yan‐yu , Wang Yi , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmpirical research using the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) has suggested that schizophrenia patients and people with schizotypal personality disorder exhibit lower empathic accuracy than healthy people. However, empathic accuracy in a subclinical sample with high levels of schizotypy has seldom been studied. Our study aimed to investigate empathy in a subclinical sample using the Chinese version of the EAT and a self‐report empathy measure. Forty participants with high levels of schizotypy (HS participants) and 40 with low levels of schizotypy (LS participants), as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), were recruited. All participants completed the Chinese version of the EAT and the self‐report Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Empathic accuracy (EA) scores and the intra‐individual variability of EA scores were calculated. Independent samples t tests and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine group differences in empathy and the relationship between empathy and schizotypy respectively. HS participants exhibited reduced EA for both positive and negative videos, and larger intra‐individual variability of EA for negative videos than LS participants. However, HS and LS participants did not differ in self‐report cognitive empathy. Moreover, the interpersonal dimension of the SPQ was negatively correlated with EAT performance and self‐report cognitive empathy in LS participants. Individuals with HS show poorer performance‐based EA but relatively intact self‐report cognitive empathy. This study provides empirical evidence for the ontogeny of empathy deficits in subclinical populations at risk of developing schizophrenia, supporting early interventions for social cognitive deficits.
When advisors do not know what is best for advisees: Uncertainty inhibits advice giving
Authors: Zhu Ruida , Tang Honghong , Xue Jinghua , Li Yuanping , Liang Zilu , Wu Simeng , Su Song , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile seeking advice can be beneficial for advisees, advisors may not always possess the necessary knowledge to provide appropriate guidance. Poor‐quality advice can mislead advisees rather than offering assistance. Despite the research interest in advisees, few studies have investigated advisors' psychological and behavioral responses, especially when they faced uncertainty regarding the optimal course of action for advisees. To fill this gap, we developed novel paradigms aiming at manipulating advisors' uncertainty, allowing for a systematic investigation of advisors' behavior, motivation, and emotion. Across four studies, we consistently found that advisors under uncertainty give less advice. Furthermore, we observed that uncertainty modulates advisors' motivation to influence, worry about harm to others, and/or sense of power. The motivation to influence and/or worry about harm to others can mediate the effect of uncertainty on advice giving. Besides, we identified nuanced distinctions in the effects of ambiguity and risk, two distinct types of uncertainty, on advisors' psychological processes. Our findings shed light on advisors' self‐monitoring of the quality of their advice, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of advisor–advisee communication from the perspective of advisors.
Working memory components modulation of attentional disengagement from evaluative distractor
Authors: Yan Minmin , Tian Yanying , Hai Min , Zhang Bohua , Chen Antao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is important for people to disengage attention from a distraction, which can help them complete the task at hand as quickly as possible. Recent studies have shown that people's attention stays longer on reward‐distractors than on loss‐distractors, and a delay in attentional disengagement is noted when reward‐distractors are present. However, few studies have examined whether attentional disengagement from an evaluative distractor relies upon working memory (WM) components. In the present study, we used an attentional disengagement paradigm in which reward‐ or loss‐distractors were presented at a central location and the target was presented at a peripheral location, in combination with different WM tasks. The results from Experiment 1 showed that participants were slower to disengage their attention from a central reward‐distractor than a loss‐distractor regardless of cognitive load when the phonological loop component of WM was involved. The results from Experiment 2 revealed that people had difficulty in shifting their attention away from a reward‐distractor in comparison to a loss‐distractor when spatial WM was low, whereas no such difference was observed when spatial WM was high. We conclude that WM components differently modulate attentional disengagement from evaluative distractors. That is, the processing of evaluative (reward and loss) distractors may rely on the same cognitive resources as the spatial WM component, but not the phonological loop component.
Genomic dissection of productivity, lodging, and morpho‐physiological traits in Eragrostis tef under contrasting water availabilities
Authors: Alemu Muluken Demelie , Ben‐Zeev Shiran , Hellwig Timo , Barak Vered , Shoshani Gil , Chen Assaf , Razzon Stephane , Herrmann Ittai , Vorobyova Alexandra , Hübner Sariel , Saranga Yehoshua 
Published: March 2024

Societal Impact StatementUnderutilized species (also known as orphan crops) present opportunities to increase crop diversity and food security. Such crops lack modern genetic tools and knowledge to facilitate efficient modern breeding approaches. A wide collection of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) genotypes was used to identify genomic regions associated with productivity, lodging, and morpho‐physiological traits under contrasting water availabilities. The obtained results are expected to enhance modern breeding and improve tef productivity under traditional and modern cropping systems, thus improving farmers' livelihood and food security.Summary
Tef (E. tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) C4 cereal crop, endemic to Ethiopia and mainly cultivated in the Horn of Africa. Tef is characterized by high grain and feed nutritional qualities and resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses; thus, it holds great potential to sustain food and nutrition security in Africa and other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with responses to contrasting water regimes, as a basis for future improvement.
A tef diversity panel was genotyped with 28,837 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped for productivity, lodging, and morpho‐physiological traits along two seasons (2020 and 2021) under well‐watered and water‐limited treatments. A genome‐wide association study was performed to identify genomic regions associated with key traits for tef breeding.
A total of 107 SNPs were associated with one or more of the studied traits, resulting in 138 marker–trait associations (MTAs) detected under both water treatments. Of these, 22 SNPs were associated with more than one trait, showing either multiple trait (pleiotropic) or multiple environment associations or both. A particularly strong association was found between grain yield, lodging, and time to heading.
These findings open new avenues to further research on the genetic basis and physiological mechanisms underlying major traits in tef, as well as to marker‐assisted breeding of drought‐resilient tef cultivars.