bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations on nearshore pingo growth, Adventdalen, Spitsbergen
Authors: Yoshikawa Kenji , Harada Koichiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe open‐system pingos of Svalbard can be divided into three groups. Group I pingos are located over geologic faults. Group II pingos are located in areas of artesian flow resulting from the migration of sub‐glacial groundwater. Pingos of group II occur usually in riverbeds, where the permafrost is locally thinner. Group III pingos are located in nearshore or low‐lying environments of active geologic uplift, where groundwater flow is in response to relict conditions. In this paper group III pingos in the Adventdalen delta area are examined. Group III pingos characteristically have a complex shape and occur in groups. Growth occurs rapidly after initial emergence from marine conditions and the establishment of a minimum permafrost thickness. Water is supplied through discontinuities in the aggrading permafrost. Net influx of water is moderate, owing to relatively thin permafrost.
A field survey of late‐summer depths to frozen ground at two study areas near mayo, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Leverington David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA field survey of late‐summer depths to frozen ground within 1.5 m of ground surface was performed in July and August of 1994, in support of the Cryospheric System programme of the Earth Observing System. This project's stratified sampling technique was devised to be a simple and efficient means to sample a very large number of sites over two areas of interest, within a relatively short period. The successful completion of the 1994 field season resulted in the compilation of a large and representative dataset of depths to frozen ground near Mayo, Yukon Territory. The survey suggests that most late‐summer depths to frozen ground cluster within a narrow depth range in the main study area, while a much smaller proportion of this study area's dataset extends deeper to the 1.5 m depth limit of this study. Furthermore, the results of the survey suggest that considerable differences can exist between closely spaced study areas with regard to predominant depths to frozen ground, as well as relations between surface variables and depths to frozen ground. This implies that computer‐based models designed to map active layer thicknesses through correlation with landcover and topographic imagery must be supported by field measurements made in all areas being mapped. The extrapolation of correlations measured between active layer conditions and surface variables from one study area to an unsurveyed study area cannot be assumed to be valid. The mapping of active layer thickness over large regions (e.g. central Yukon) will therefore require a considerable field effort if reliable correlative mapping products are to be generated.
Development of a hazardous material compatibility storage guideline and tool
Authors: Moder Kenneth P. , Russo John P. , Justiniano Francisco , Marshall William F. , Mcghee Thomas H. , Stankovich Robert , Frank W.L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hazardous material compatibility storage guideline and an abbreviated hazardous material compatibility storage tool, both consistent with center for chemical process safety (CCPS) guidance for managing chemical reactivity hazards, were developed for sites storing reactive materials.The hazardous material compatibility storage tool assists personnel in developing and documenting appropriate storage strategies. The tool identifies potential hazardous combinations of materials for material handlers and suggests storage strategies that minimize the risk of such combinations. This tool is formatted as a template and is adaptable to address storage in warehouses, laboratories, and production buildings, where drum quantities of materials are stored.Development of the tool included trials at various facilities storing reactive materials. These trials included
analyzing current storage strategies at these locations
determining suggested strategies based on a hazardous materials compatibility storage matrix
referencing a small quantity exemption table
finalizing appropriate strategies based on suggested strategies and the overall risk (i.e., literature searches, laboratory data, engineering and administrative controls)
conducting literature searches and laboratory tests when Material Safety Data Sheets information was insufficient to determine storage strategies. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007.
Application of electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry in analyses of non‐enzymatically glycated peptides
Authors: Zhang Qibin , Frolov Andrej , Tang Ning , Hoffmann Ralf , van de Goor Tom , Metz Thomas O. , Smith Richard D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNon‐enzymatic glycation of peptides and proteins by D‐glucose has important implications in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, particularly in the context of development of diabetic complications. The fragmentation behavior of glycated peptides produced from reaction of D‐glucose with lysine residues was investigated by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that high abundance ions corresponding to various degrees of neutral water losses, as well as furylium ion production, dominate the CID spectra, and that the sequence‐informative b and y ions were rarely observed when Amadori‐modified peptides were fragmented. Contrary to what was observed under CID conditions, ions corresponding to neutral losses of water or furylium ion production were not observed in the ETD spectra. Instead, abundant and almost complete series of c‐ and z‐type ions were observed regardless of whether the modification site was located in the middle of the sequence or close to the N‐terminus, greatly facilitating the peptide sequencing. This study strongly suggests that ETD is a better technique for proteomic studies of non‐enzymatically glycated peptides and proteins. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of matrix crystal structure on ion abundance of carbohydrates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Williams Taufika Islam , Saggese Diana A. , Wilcox Robert J. , Martin James D. , Muddiman David C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSample preparation techniques for carbohydrate analysis using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) are explored, with particular emphasis on analyte/matrix co‐crystallization procedures. While carbohydrates are known to prefer 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5‐DHB) as the matrix of choice, these analytes are quite specific about matrix crystal structure, which in turn is dependent on the rate of drying of analyte/matrix spots on the MALDI target. With N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N‐acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or NeuAc) as test monosaccharides, significant increases in ion abundances are demonstrated with 2,5‐DHB/NeuAc spots (>10‐fold improvement) and 2,5‐DHB/GlcNAc spots (∼5‐fold improvement) with active drying. The fine structure of crystals generated in active and passive drying was investigated using powder diffraction. Passively dried samples were shown to consist of an ordered polymorph, crystallizing in the space group P21/a, while the actively dried samples produced a disordered phase crystallizing in the space group Pa. These data provide the wherewithal to engineer a matrix best suited for carbohydrate analyses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspects of research on groundwater along the rhǒne, rhine and danube
Authors: Danielopol D. L. , Marmonier P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe history of groundwater ecological research carried out during the last 75 years along the Rhǒne, Rhine and Danube alluvial plain is reviewed. Phreatobiology, a concept introduced by Motas (1958), is denned, and the main phases in the development of this research direction dealing with the study of groundwater organisms living in the unconsolidated sediments are reviewed.During a preecological phase of phreatobiology, students were interested mainly in the discovery of exciting groundwater organisms and the explanation of their origin. Modern groundwater ecological research began with Schwoerbel's investigations of the Upper Danube alluvial sediments in the beginning of the 1960s. Progress in phreatobiological research was made during the last twenty years through the description of the complex mosaic of habitats in the Rhǒne and Danube plains by French and Austrian students, by applied and theoretical research carried out on the Upper Rhine by S. Husmann.Three main directions of modern groundwater ecological research are discussed in detail: the ecotone approach developed by students of the University of Lyon on the Rhǒne; the ‘minimalist’ approach, the study of a reduced groundwater ecosystem in the wetland area of the Danube, near Vienna, carried out by an interdisciplinary team; and finally, the ecotoxicological approach developed by Dutch scientists working on the lower Rhine plain. Modern ecological research has inspired groundwater ecology with new concepts and ideas, so that phreatobiology has today expanded into a progressive field of research which complements the other two limnological subject areas, the study of lentic and lotic surface waters.
Effects of regulation on the flow regime of the river Murray, Australia
Authors: Maheshwari B. L. , Walker K. F. , McMahon T. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe flow regime of the River Murray has changed markedly over the last century, and especially the last 50 years, through increased diversions, construction of dams, weirs and levees and changes in operational procedures. A model developed by the Murray–Darling Basin Commission is used to compare simulated natural (unregulated) flows at eight stations with those at seven consecutive stages in the development of regulation. Monthly and annual average flows and coefficients of variation and skewness were computed, and the flow‐duration, peak‐flow and low‐flow characteristics curves plotted. The results confirm that average monthly and annual flows are now considerably lower than those which prevailed under natural conditions. The seasonal distribution of flows has changed in the upper Murray, owing to the influence of dams. Flow‐duration characteristics now vary considerably along the river, whereas there was little change under natural conditions. The effect of regulation on flow‐duration characteristics is minimal at Albury and becomes more pronounced downstream; it is most apparent in regard to flows exceeded 20–80% of the time. The magnitude of average annual floods (annual exceedance probability 50%) has been reduced by over 50% at all stations, but big floods (average recurrence interval 20 years or more) are little affected. Further, the low flows for a given annual non‐exceedance probability are higher under regulated conditions than those under natural conditions. These changes have profound implications for communities of native plants and animals in both riverine and floodplain environments, and also for the long‐term utility of the river as a resource.
Downstream effect of impoundments on stoneflies: Case study of an epipotamal reach of the Jihlava river, Czech Republic
Authors: Helešic Jan , Sedlaak Edmund 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferent habitat types were sampled monthly at a sampling site ca. 12 km downstream from the Dalešice dam on the Jihlava River beginning before impoundment (1976–1978), prior to the addition of heated wastewaters to the reservoir (1984–1985) and from 1987 to 1989. Plecoptera was one of the model groups of macrozoobenthos that significantly responded to changed conditions of flow, temperature and chemistry of river water. There was an increase in species richness (from five to 14 species), species diversity (about double), density and biomass (about 18 to 40 times greater). The study area was originally an epipotamal (barbel) zone with a typical Plecoptera species composition—Perla burmersteriana, Isoperla grammatica, Nemoura cinerea, Leuctra digitata and L. fusca. After river impoundments the investigated reach is a typical metarhithral (grayling) zone. Production of the Plecoptera community in the river reaches affected by the dams increased (riffle, from 1.37 to 23.53; pool, from 0.26 to 6.98 gm−2y−1). It was similar to production in a rhithral (trout or grayling) zone with a typical species composition of rheophilic and cold‐water species (e.g. Perlodes microcephala, Isoperla difformis, I. oxylepis, Siphonoperla torrentium, Amphinemura borealis).The authors thank Professor František Kubiaček from our department, Professor Richard J. Strange, Tennessee University, Knoxville USA, Professor James V. Ward, Colorado State University, Fort Colins USA and an anonymous reviewer for revising the manuscript and numerous helpful suggestions. This final research was supported by grant No. 204/93/2051 from Grant Agency of Czech Republic.
Activity and abundance of bacterioplankton in three diverse lowland water courses
Authors: Yamakanamardi S. M. , Goulder R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hypothesis that the activity and abundance of bacterioplankton were similar in two low‐level fenland water courses, but were different from those in a high‐level main river, was rejected. Mean values of Vmax for glucose mineralization, Vmax per bacterium, abundance of free‐living and total directly counted bacteria, abundance of colony‐forming units and percentage of culturable bacteria were similar in the low‐level Beverley and Barmston Drain and in the River Hull, but were less in the low‐level Holderness Drain. The less favourable regime in the Holderness Drain was related to intermittently acid conditions. Temporal variation by bacterioplankton in all three water courses was, however, also related to environmental variables other than pH, notably temperature, chlorophyll, biochemical oxygen demand, current velocity, total suspended solids and particulate organic matter. The activity and abundance of bacterioplankton appeared to have increased in the River Hull between 1975–1976 and 1992–1994.
Suitability indices for juvenile 0+ roach [rutilus rutilus (l.)] using point abundance sampling data
Authors: Garner Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA habitat suitability model is derived for juvenile 0+ roach [Rutilus rutilus (L.)] in the river Great Ouse (UK) using data collected by point abundance sampling by electrofishing. A total of 1718 point samples was used in the analysis. Of these, 392 contained juvenile roach. Polynomial equations describing habitat suitability are derived from depth, mean substratum particle diameter and water velocity data, and an index of plant cover suitability is described. Optimum conditions for roach are a depth of 1 m with a coarse (particle diameter 15–20 mm) substratum and negligible velocity, in the presence of floating and submerged broadleaved plant cover. The model is capable of discerning between null (fish absent) and non‐null (fish present) points in the original data set. It is shown that sampling effort may be reduced by approximately 60% without altering the model's predictions.
Development of an environmental flow management strategy for the Thomson river, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Gippel Christopher J. , Stewardson Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe headwater section of the Thomson River has been nominated for listing as a heritage river, mainly because it supports a population of large blackfish, a species which has high conservation value in Victoria. The upper river was dammed in 1983, creating an impoundment of 1.2 × 106 Ml capacity. It is anticipated that the dam will provide a reliable water supply to Melbourne for up to 20 years, but minimization of downstream releases will delay augmentation. For the period during which the dam was filling, an interim environmental flow was applied. However, these flows were lower than what was considered at the time to be ideal for maintaining in‐stream habitat in the long term. Despite profound modification of the river's hydrology, there is no evidence for serious environmental impacts. Macroinvertebrate populations have recovered from disturbance during the construction phase, and the diversity of fish has not changed. However, there is concern that a lack of floods will result in contraction of the channel. This would probably mean a loss of available habitat area in the long term. Abstraction of water from the lowland section of the Thomson River began in 1957. Unfavourably low flows have occurred since regulation, but wetland inundation floods still occur with the same frequency. Although current management practices do allow unfavourable flow conditions to occur occasionally, the regulated flow regime has not reduced the diversity of native fish present in the lower river. This is heartening, but given the likelihood of future increases in the demand for water, long‐term protection of in‐stream fauna requires the application of an appropriate environmental flow regime. Habitat area–discharge curves derived from fish hydraulic preference data were used as the basis for devising a minimum flow recommendation. Five different methods of specifying monthly flow regimes are compared. A method is presented that uses hydraulic geometry relations from a neighbouring, hydrologically similar catchment to specify the magnitude and duration of an artificial annual channel maintenance flood. Implementation of the suggested environmental flow regime will probably result in a flow deficit in the lower Thomson River if current irrigation demands are to be met. To offset the deficit, additional water can be released from the dam. The flow required will not reduce the amount of habitat available in the upper Thomson River below the dam, but this strategy will bring forward the date of augmentation.
The serial discontinuity concept: Extending the model to floodplain rivers
Authors: Ward J. V. , Stanford J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serial discontinuity concept (SDC) was developed as a theoretical construct that views impoundments as major disruptions of longitudinal resource gradients along river courses. According to the SDC, dams result in upstream–downstream shifts in biotic and abiotic patterns and processes; the direction and extent of the displacement depend on the variable of interest and are a function of dam position along the river continuum. As originally formulated, the SDC did not consider interactions between the river and its flood plain. The new perspective presented herein is an initial attempt to encompass the dynamics of alluvial flood plain rivers into the model using a three reach characterization: constrained headwater reach, braided reach and meandering reach. The constrained headwater reach has conditions similar to those described in the original SDC, but the braided and meandering reaches provide a perspective that was not addressed in the model. Lateral interactions between the channel and the flood plain are critical to a holistic understanding of natural river ecosystems and the alterations induced by regulation. The fringing flood plain, with its diverse water bodies and alluvial forest mosaic, is considered an integral part of the river system.
Morphological and sedimentological changes in a gravel‐bed river following 12 years of flow regulation for hydropower
Authors: Sear D. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe flow regime of the gravel‐bedded river North Tyne has been regulated by the Kielder reservoir for the past 12 years; for the past nine years, regulation has been dominated by hydropower generation. Diurnal stage fluctuations of up to 0.6 m are experienced during periods of peak hydropower flows. The main morphological and sedimentological impacts of this regulation are identified and physical explanations provided for the observed adjustments. The main morphological adjustments are identified as the degradation of riffle spawning grounds, the development of fine sediment berms along channel margins, the aggradation of pools, vegetation of former gravel shoals and the growth of tributary confluence bars. Sedimentological adjustments are subtle and are characterized by higher percentages of fines within spawning gravels, coarsening of surface gravels and the development of a stable, strong bed fabric. The physical explanations for these adjustments relate to changes in the sediment transport regime controlled by the hydraulics associated with the pool‐riffle sequence during hydropower generation.
Changes of the macroinvertebrate communities in the dammed and by‐passed sections of the French upper rhocne after regulation
Authors: Dessaix Jeanne , Fruget Jean‐François , Olivier Jean‐Michel , Beffy Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe macroinvertebrate communities of the French Upper Rhǒne have been studied since 1975. Three hydroelectric development schemes were erected in this part of the river between 1981 and 1984. The original component of these schemes is the construction of a diversion canal parallel to the old bed, which is closed by a dam and only receives a very reduced compensation flow. The changes of the macrofauna were studied until 1988.The 10 year study of the Chautagne scheme, the oldest scheme, pointed out important alterations in the benthic macro‐invertebrate fauna after the completion of this hydroelectric scheme. In the by‐passed section, hydrological patterns governed the presence or absence of species, whereas abundance was greatly influenced by substratum stability, food quality and quantity, development of aquatic macrophytes and periphyton. The low hydrological fluctuations in the reservoirs of run of the river schemes favoured limnophilic species, which were previously accidental.The long‐term survey of the three schemes (14 years) showed that the period (i.e. before or after the regulation) had a greater influence on the changes in the structure and functioning of the Upper Rhǒne macroinvertebrate communities than the location (upstream or downstream) or the type of environment (i.e. reservoir, by‐passed section) considered. No recovery of unregulated and/or upstream fauna appeared. The serial discontinuity concept was not supported because of the absence of abiotic (temperature) discontinuities and of large tributaries. However, the seasonal rhythm was not affected by the regulation.