bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male university students' views, attitudes and behaviors towards family planning and emergency contraception in Turkey
Authors: Sahin Nevin Hotun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim:  To determine male university students' views, attitudes and behavior towards family planning and emergency contraception as an important aspect of reproductive health.Methods:  This descriptive study was carried out with 278 men who were chosen using the convenience sampling method at several universities in Istanbul during the spring semester of 2005. Data were obtained through interviews with men by means of a 32 item self‐administered questionnaire. Data analyses were made with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Results:  Almost all of the men (96.6%) were single. Students' (n = 200) average age at their first sexual intercourse experience was 17.4 years. Seventy‐three percent of the students used a family planning (FP) method in their first sexual experiences (69.5% used a condom). The male condom is the most well known (95.8%) and commonly used (70.1%) FP method. The number of students taking a shared responsibility for FP was 79.4%. One third of the students had negative attitudes towards vasectomy and 1/5 of them were against the use of condoms. The percentage of the students who had heard about emergency contraception (EC) was 14.5%.Conclusion:  Male university students who are sexually active generally do not have enough knowledge about FP and EC. They tend to engage in high‐risk behavior. It is imperative that education and counseling in reproductive and sexual health must be offered to all young men. In addition, men's attitudes toward contraceptive methods should be evaluated in other cultures and useful comparisons made with Turkey.
ER, PR and Ki‐67 expression status in granulomatous and chronic non‐specific endometritis
Authors: Mishra Kiran , Wadhwa Neelam , Guleria Kiran , Agarwal Sarla 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim:  To study the changes in the histological pattern, distribution and intensity of sex steroid receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and cell proliferation by Ki‐67 expression by semi‐quantitative scores in granulomatous and chronic non‐specific endometritis in the premenstrual phase.Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted on 20 cases of granulomatous endometritis, 10 of chronic non‐specific endometritis and 30 age matched (±2 years) controls with no endometrial lesions. Morphological changes were noted on histological examination and semi‐quantitative scoring of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Ki‐67 expression was done by immunohistochemistry.Results:  There was significantly higher ER, PR and Ki‐67 expression in endometrial glandular and stromal cells in inflamed endometria as compared with the controls (all P‐values < 0.02) regardless of the character of the inflammation. The cases with morphology not conforming to the secretory phase at which biopsy was taken had significantly higher ER, PR and Ki‐67 expression in both endometrial and stromal cells indicating a lag in the endometrial maturation (all P‐values < 0.02). Interestingly, all parameters except PR expression in glandular cells had a significantly higher expression even in cases with secretory morphology indicating disturbances in local milieu.Conclusion:  Endometrial inflammation interferes with local expression of ER, PR and Ki‐67. This may contribute to infertility regardless of other factors and other endometrial dysfunctional states.
Kiwi Omnicup versus Malmstrom metal cup in vacuum assisted delivery: A randomized comparative trial
Authors: Ismail Nor Azlin M. , Saharan Wan Shahrul L. , Zaleha Mahdy A. , Jaafar Rohana , Muhammad Jamil A. , Razi Zainul Rashid M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim:  To compare the success, clinical outcomes, and maternal and neonatal complications between the Kiwi Omnicup and the Malmstrom metal cup in vacuum assisted delivery.Methods:  This was a prospective randomized comparative trial. Women who required vacuum assisted vaginal delivery were randomized into the Kiwi Omnicup (KO) group and the Malmstrom metal cup (MM) group. The vacuum assisted deliveries were conducted according to hospital protocol. Details of the procedure and delivery outcomes including success and complications were analyzed.Results:  One hundred and sixty‐four women were recruited – 85 were assigned to vacuum assisted delivery using the KO and 79 the MM. One hundred percent delivery success was achieved with no significant differences between the two instruments in terms of maternal morbidity (P = 0.66). Six women in the MM group sustained post delivery complications in comparison to five in the KO group. Three babies were diagnosed with birth asphyxia in each group. More babies in the MM group were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (10 babies versus 5 babies) and suffered complications (14 versus 12 babies), compared to the KO group, although the difference was not statistically significant. There were no intrapartum or neonatal deaths and of those admitted to the NICU, all were discharged within a week without any serious consequences.Conclusion:  Kiwi Omnicup is an effective alternative to the currently available Malmstrom metal cup for vacuum assisted delivery with no increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality.
Rectovestibular fistula as neovagina in congenital cervico‐vaginal agenesis associated with imperforate anus
Authors: Matignas Anna Lynn A. , Delos Reyes Rey H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old female presented with primary amenorrhea and progressive cyclic abdominal pain, which prompted emergency exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative findings revealed absent cervix and vagina, partial bicornuate uterus, hematometra, left tubal endometriosis, ruptured left endometrioma and left renal agenesis. Left salpingectomy, left oophorocystectomy, hysterotomy, evacuation of menstrual blood and transverse loop colostomy were performed. Depo‐medroxyprogesterone acetate was administered to suppress menses. On re‐exploration, utero‐rectovestibular fistula anastomosis was described with the distal rectovestibular fistula functioning as a neovagina. Cyclic menses occurred thereafter. Endorectal pull‐through with anoplasty was performed after the fistulous tract healed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cervico‐vaginal agenesis associated with imperforate anus and rectovestibular fistula. Early diagnosis and surgery are necessary to avoid complications such as endometriosis. The aim was to preserve fertility with conservative management.
Evisceration 5 years post abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Rajesh Sreebha , Kalu Emmanuel , Bong Jin , Wales Nicholas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis report describes a case of a 55‐year old woman presenting with evisceration of small bowel through the vagina, five years after a Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoopherectomy for irregular bleeding and a benign ovarian cyst. Examination under anesthesia revealed a 70 cm loop of bowel prolapsing through a 5 cm defect in the vaginal vault. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy and repair of vaginal vault defect. Small bowel prolapse through vaginal vault defect is a rare complication after abdominal hysterectomy. Appropriate management includes prompt recognition, thorough assessment of the herniated viscus and surgical repair of the vaginal defect. Combining abdominal and vaginal approaches as in our case may facilitate repair and avoid further morbidity.
Difficulty of the surgical management of a case with placenta percreta invading towards parametrium
Authors: Borekci Bunyamin , Ingec Metin , Kumtepe Yakup , Gundogdu Cemal , Kadanali Sedat 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA 37‐year‐old woman was admitted due to vaginal bleeding at 25 weeks of gestation to our gynecology unit. Placenta percreta, which stems from posterior wall of the uterus, forming a mass in Douglas cavity and invading towards right parametrium was clinically diagnosed by exploration. Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation and supracervical hysterectomy could not prevent bleeding. A right radical parametrectomy was necessary to remove invaded parametrium and to control bleeding. The placenta percreta invading parametrium may need an extended hysterectomy procedure. Excess bleeding may be prevented by leaving the placenta in situ during surgery if the placenta percreta is diagnosed before termination of pregnancy, A classical incision may help leaving placenta is situ during operation.
Migration of a Hodge pessary into the abdominal cavity; a rare complications
Authors: Lim Boon K. , Collaris Ronald R. J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA 62‐year old para 4 with a history of a radical hysterectomy followed by radiotherapy for endometrial carcinoma was seen shortly after insertion of a pessary for a total vault prolapse. On follow‐up the pessary couldn't be retrieved. An abdominal X‐ray revealed the pessary in the abdominal cavity and it had to be removed by means of a laparotomy. Fistula and defects have been reported both in longstanding pessary use and as long‐term complication in radical surgery with radiotherapy. In view of potential – though rare – serious complications, adequate follow‐up in pessary use is therefore mandatory. Adequate diagnostic investigations are essential in deciding on an appropriate approach for rare cases like these.
Are patients with positive screening but negative diagnostic test for gestational diabetes under risk for adverse pregnancy outcome?
Authors: Gumus Ilknur I. , Turhan Nilgün O. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:  Our aim was to determine the obstetrics outcomes of patients with positive 1‐h glucose challenge test (GCT), but negative diagnostic test for gestational diabetes.Methods:  Pregnancy records of 409 pregnants were reviewed. Patients were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with one‐hour 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Patients with glucose challenge tests values ≥ 130 mg/dL were refered for the 3 h, 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Positive GCT but negative for OGTT group (Group A) were compared retrospectively with the group of negative GCT (Group B) for obstetrics outcomes.Result:  GDM and impared glucose tolerance (IGT) were diagnosed in 33 (7.6%) and 46 (10.5%) patients, respectively. We identified 141 (34.4%) patients with positive GCT but negative for OGTT (Group A) and 189 (46.2%) patients with negative GCT (Group B). Gestational weight gain, polyhydramnios, family history of diabetes mellitus were significantly higher in group A than group B (P < 0.05). Prevalance of preterm labor, hypertension, cesarean delivery, mean birthweight, proportion of babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit were similar in both groups.Conclusion:  There are some differences for pregnancy outcomes between pregnants with positive GCT but negative for OGTT and negative GCT. These patients should be followed up carefully during the antepartum and intrapartum period.
A comparison between the effect of oxytocin only and oxtocin plus propranolol on the labor (A double blind randomized trial)
Authors: Kashanian Maryam , Fekrat Mohsen , Zarrin Zahra , Ansari Narges S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: The comparison between the effect of oxytocin alone or in combination with propranolol on labor.Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial was performed on 150 nulliparas with a gestational age of 39–41 weeks of pregnancy and a Bishop score of ≤5. In the first group (oxytocin group = 75), oxytocin alone was used for induction of labor. In the second group (propranolol group = 75 cases), before the beginning of oxytocin, 2 mg propranolol was slowly injected intravenously then the oxytocin was initiated.Results: The number of patients who delivered in the first day showed no difference between the two groups. The mean duration for obtaining good contractions was shorter in the propranolol group in both the first and second day of induction The mean interval between the beginning of induction until the beginning of active phase at the first day of induction was shorter in the propranolol group. The mean interval between the beginning of induction until delivery at the first day of induction was shorter in the propranolol group. The amount of necessary oxytocin for the first day of induction was less in the propranolol group.Conclusion: Propranolol may shorten the induction duration and labor and reduce the amount of necessary oxytocin.
The role of gamma‐synuclein in cocaine‐induced behaviour in rats
Authors: Boyer Frederic , Dreyer Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of γ‐synuclein in the rewarding effects of chronic cocaine administration and its putative interaction with the dopamine transporter (DAT). For this purpose, regulatable lentiviruses driving overexpression of the rat γ‐synuclein or DAT have been prepared, as well as lentiviruses expressing siRNAs, aimed at silencing either DAT or γ‐synuclein mRNA expression. Overexpression of DAT in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) induced a 35% decrease in locomotor activity, which could be abolished when the same animal was fed doxycycline. Furthermore, local inhibition of DAT in the NAc, using lentiviruses expressing siRNAs targeted against DAT, resulted in significant hyperlocomotion activity (72% increase over controls). By contrast, overexpression of γ‐synuclein in the NAc alone had no effect, while local silencing lead to a significant decrease in cocaine‐induced locomotor activity (47% decrease compared with controls). Surprisingly, coinjection lentiviruses expressing DAT and γ‐synuclein − leading to overexpression of both proteins in the NAc − resulted in a strong increase in cocaine‐induced rat locomotor activity (52% increase compared with controls), which was abolished upon locally silencing these genes, suggesting a synergetic role of both proteins, possibly mediated through a direct interaction.
Interactions between drebrin and Ras regulate dendritic spine plasticity
Authors: Biou Virginie , Brinkhaus Heike , Malenka Robert C. , Matus Andrew 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDendritic spines are major sites of morphological plasticity in the CNS, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate their dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we show that the association of drebrin with actin filaments plays a major role in regulating dendritic spine stability and plasticity. Overexpressing drebrin or the internal actin‐binding site of drebrin in rat hippocampal neurons destabilized mature dendritic spines so that they lost synaptic contacts and came to resemble immature dendritic filopodia. Drebrin‐induced spine destabilization was dependent on Ras activation: expression of constitutively active Ras destabilized spine morphology whereas drebrin‐induced spine destabilization was rescued by co‐expressing dominant negative Ras. Conversely, RNAi‐mediated drebrin knockdown prevented Ras‐induced destabilization and promoted spine maturation in developing neurons. Together these data demonstrate a novel mechanism in which the balance between stability and plasticity in dendritic spines depends on binding of drebrin to actin filaments in a manner that is regulated by Ras.
Conditional, genetic disruption of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors reveals a role in adult motor neuron survival
Authors: Lee Nancy , Robitz Rachel , Zurbrugg Rebekah J. , Karpman Adam M. , Mahler Ashley M. , Cronier Samantha A. , Vesey Rachel , Spearry Rachel P. , Zolotukhin Sergei , MacLennan A. John 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIndirect evidence suggests that endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor signaling can promote motor neuron (MN) survival in the adult. If so, proper targeting of this signaling may selectively counteract the effects of adult MN diseases. However, direct evidence for CNTF receptor involvement in adult MN survival is lacking, presumably because the unconditional blockade of the mouse CNTF receptor in vivo [through genetic disruption of the essential CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) gene] leads to uniform perinatal death of the mice. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a method to selectively disrupt CNTF receptor function in a targeted subset of adult MNs that are not required for survival. A ‘floxed CNTFRα’ mouse line was generated and characterized. In addition, an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector that drives Cre recombinase (Cre) expression was constructed and shown, with reporter mouse lines, to selectively excise floxed genes in facial MNs following its stereotaxic injection into the facial motor nucleus. Adult floxed CNTFRα mice were then injected with the AAV‐Cre vector to excise the CNTFRα gene in the targeted MNs. The resulting data indicate that adult CNTF receptor signaling, likely by the MNs themselves, can play an essential role in MN survival. The data further indicate that this role is independent of any developmental contributions CNTF receptor signaling makes to MN survival or function.
Pharmacological activation of CB1 and D2 receptors in rats: predominant role of CB1 in the increase of alcohol relapse
Authors: Alen Francisco , Moreno‐Sanz Guillermo , Isabel de Tena Ana , Brooks Rayna D. , López‐Jimenez Alejandro , Navarro Miguel , López‐Moreno José Antonio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe classical dopamine D2 receptor has been widely studied in alcoholism. Recently, different studies have explored the role of the CB1 receptor in alcohol‐related behavior. In alcohol addiction, relapse is one of the central features. In light of this, we investigated the functional roles of and interactions between CB1 and D2 receptors in alcohol relapse. We used the learned task of alcohol operant self‐administration in Wistar rats. In order to evaluate alcohol relapse, we set up a protocol essentially based on the alcohol deprivation effect. We found that subchronic activation of CB1 (WIN 55,212–2, 2 mg/kg), but not D2 receptors (quinpirole, 1 mg/kg), during a period of alcohol deprivation increased long‐lasting alcohol relapse. The cannabinoid‐induced potentiation of alcohol relapse was mediated by a motivational and appetitive component, and not merely by alcohol consumption. This potentiation was prevented by the pharmacological inactivation of D2 receptors (raclopride, 0.1–0.3 mg/kg). Together, these results essentially demonstrate that activation of CB1 receptors plays a key role in the increase of alcohol relapse, whereas inactivation of D2 receptors modulates this aberrant behavior. We suggest that there exists a functional and interactive relationship between both receptor systems, which controls alcohol relapse and alcohol‐learned tasks.
Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Gil Joana M. , Rego Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG) repeats in the huntingtin gene, which leads to neuronal loss in the striatum and cortex and to the appearance of neuronal intranuclear inclusions of mutant huntingtin. Huntingtin plays a role in protein trafficking, vesicle transport, postsynaptic signaling, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. Thus, a loss of function of the normal protein and a toxic gain of function of the mutant huntingtin contribute to the disruption of multiple intracellular pathways. Furthermore, excitotoxicity, dopamine toxicity, metabolic impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy have been implicated in the progressive degeneration observed in HD. Nevertheless, despite the efforts of a multidisciplinary scientific community, there is no cure for this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms that may contribute for HD pathogenesis. Ultimately, a better understanding of these mechanisms will lead to the development of more effective therapeutic targets.
Going Global: Cultural Values and Perceptions of Selection Procedures
Authors: Ryan Ann Marie , Boyce Anthony S. , Ghumman Sonia , Jundt Dustin , Schmidt Gordon , Gibby Robert 
Published: June 2008

The role of cultural values in perceptions of selection tools is a concern of multinational corporations seeking to standardise staffing practices. Data from 1,199 individuals across 21 countries were gathered to examine the role of cultural values (independent and interdependent self‐construals, achievement and ascription orientations) in perceptions of eight selection tools. Tool perceptions were mostly similar across individuals holding different cultural values, suggesting that multinational corporations may be able to construct tools with wide acceptability across cultures.Le rôle des valeurs culturelles dans l’appréhension des outils de sélection est une préoccupation des entreprises multinationales qui essaient de standardiser la gestion de leur personnel. On a rassemblé des données auprès de 1199 individus répartis sur 21 pays pour analyser le rôle des valeurs culturelles (conception de soi indépendante ou interdépendante, accomplissement et attributions) dans la représentation de huit outils de sélection. La perception de ces outils était le plus souvent analogue chez des personnes représentant des valeurs culturelles différentes, ce qui suppose que les multinationales sont à même d’élaborer des instruments utilisables quelle que soit la culture.
Peripheral neural lesion‐induced stress urinary incontinence in anaesthetized female cats
Authors: Bernabé Jacques , Julia‐Guilloteau Véronique , Denys Pierre , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Alexandre Laurent , Peeters Magali , Giuliano François 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVESTo characterize the effect of acute unilateral and bilateral lesion of the pelvic and pudendal nerves, and nerves innervating the iliococcygeous and pubococcygeous muscles during sneezing in anaesthetized female cats, on intravesical pressure (IVP), urethral pressure (UPs) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn seven anaesthetized female cats UPs along the urethra (UPs1–4) and IVPs were recorded in the emptied bladder during sneezing before and after unilateral and then bilateral peripheral neural lesions. UPs were measured using microtip transducer catheters with UP4 positioned in the distal urethra where the EUS is located. Urine leakage was also noted, after urethral catheter removal and bladder filling.RESULTSDuring sneezing, in intact cats, the magnitude of UP4 was larger than those of IVP and UPs1–3. The area under the curve of both anal sphincter and EUS electromyography was increased. There was no urine leakage. After unilateral neural lesions, the mean magnitude of response was similar all along the urethra and in the bladder. The distal UP response was significantly lower than that recorded in intact cats. In addition, there was urine leakage in six of the seven cats. Bilateral neural lesions caused permanent urine leakage and significant decreases in all the UP responses.CONCLUSIONIn female cats, during sneezing, neurally driven reflex contractions of EUS leading to an increase in distal UP contribute to active urethral closure mechanisms and ensure urinary continence.
ETHICAL REVIEW ISSUES IN COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH BETWEEN US AND LOW – MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY PARTNERS: A CASE EXAMPLE
Authors: MCINTOSH SCOTT , SIERRA ESSIE , DOZIER ANN , DIAZ SERGIO , QUIÑONES ZAHIRA , PRIMACK ARON , CHADWICK GARY , OSSIP‐KLEIN DEBORAH J. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe current ethical structure for collaborative international health research stems largely from developed countries’ standards of proper ethical practices. The result is that ethical committees in developing countries are required to adhere to standards that might impose practices that conflict with local culture and unintended interpretations of ethics, treatments, and research. This paper presents a case example of a joint international research project that successfully established inclusive ethical review processes as well as other groundwork and components necessary for the conduct of human behavior research and research capacity building in the host country.