bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early mobilisation after conventional knee replacement may reduce the risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism
Authors: Pearse E. O. , Caldwell B. F. , Lockwood R. J. , Hollard J. 
Published: March 2007

We carried out an audit on the result of achieving early walking in total knee replacement after instituting a new rehabilitation protocol, and assessed its influence on the development of deep-vein thrombosis as determined by Doppler ultrasound scanning on the fifth post-operative day. Early mobilisation was defined as beginning to walk less than 24 hours after knee replacement. Between April 1997 and July 2002, 98 patients underwent a total of 125 total knee replacements. They began walking on the second post-operative day unless there was a medical contraindication. They formed a retrospective control group. A protocol which allowed patients to start walking at less than 24 hours after surgery was instituted in August 2002. Between August 2002 and November 2004, 97 patients underwent a total of 122 total knee replacements. They formed the early mobilisation group, in which data were prospectively gathered. The two groups were of similar age, gender and had similar medical comorbidities. The surgical technique and tourniquet times were similar and the same instrumentation was used in nearly all cases. All the patients received low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis and wore compression stockings post-operatively. In the early mobilisation group 90 patients (92.8%) began walking successfully within 24 hours of their operation. The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis fell from 27.6% in the control group to 1.0% in the early mobilisation group (chi-squared test, p < 0.001). There was a difference in the incidence of risk factors for deep-vein thrombosis between the two groups. However, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the institution of an early mobilisation protocol resulted in a 30-fold reduction in the risk of post-operative deep-vein thrombosis when we adjusted for other risk factors.
Antibacterial effect of autologous platelet gel enriched with growth factors and other active substances
Authors: Bielecki T. M. , Gazdzik T. S. , Arendt J. , Szczepanski T. , Kròl W. , Wielkoszynski T. 
Published: March 2007

Platelet-rich plasma is a new inductive therapy which is being increasingly used for the treatment of the complications of bone healing, such as infection and nonunion. The activator for platelet-rich plasma is a mixture of thrombin and calcium chloride which produces a platelet-rich gel.We analysed the antibacterial effect of platelet-rich gel in vitro by using the platelet-rich plasma samples of 20 volunteers. In vitro laboratory susceptibility to platelet-rich gel was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method. Baseline antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring the zones of inhibition on agar plates coated with selected bacterial strains.Zones of inhibition produced by platelet-rich gel ranged between 6 mm and 24 mm (mean 9.83 mm) in diameter. Platelet-rich gel inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and was also active against Escherichia coli. There was no activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, platelet-rich gel seemed to induce the in vitro growth of Ps. aeruginosa, suggesting that it may cause an exacerbation of infections with this organism. We believe that a combination of the inductive and antimicrobial properties of platelet-rich gel can improve the treatment of infected delayed healing and nonunion.
Intercalary femoral reconstruction with extracorporeal irradiated autogenous bone graft in limb-salvage surgery
Authors: Krieg A. H. , Davidson A. W. , Stalley P. D. 
Published: March 2007

Between 1996 and 2003, 16 patients (nine female, seven male) were treated for a primary bone sarcoma of the femur by wide local excision of the tumour, extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation. An additional vascularised fibular graft was used in 13 patients (81%). All patients were free from disease when reviewed at a minimum of two years postoperatively (mean 49.7 months (24 to 96). There were no cases of infection. Primary union was achieved after a median of nine months (interquartile range 7 to 11). Five host-donor junctions (16%) united only after a second procedure. Primary union recurred faster at metaphyseal junctions (94% (15) at a median of 7.5 months (interquartile range 4 to 12)) than at diaphyseal junctions (75% (12) at a median of 11.1 months (interquartile range 5 to 18)). Post-operatively, the median Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 85% (interquartile range 75 to 96) and the median Toronto Extremity Salvage score 94% (interquartile range 82 to 99). The Mankin score gave a good or excellent result in 14 patients (88%). The range of movement of the knee was significantly worse when the extracorporeally irradiated autografts were fixed by plates rather than by nails (p = 0.035). A total of 16 (62%) of the junctions of the vascularised fibular grafts underwent hypertrophy, indicating union and loading. Extracorporeal irradiation autografting with supplementary vascularised fibular grafting is a promising biological alternative for intercalary reconstruction after wide resection of malignant bone tumours of the femur.
Foetal growth velocities in twin pregnancies
Authors: Taylor GM , Owen P , Mires GJ 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA retrospective longitudinal study was performed to quantify foetal growth velocities in twin pregnancies and to determine the effect of variables specific to twin pregnancies on growth velocity. Foetal growth velocity standard deviation (Z) scores were calculated from serial ultrasound data using published singleton reference data for 131 consecutive sets of twins from 30 to 37 weeks' gestation. Compared with low-risk pregnancies, the twin foetal abdominal area growth velocity Z scores were significantly reduced from 30 to 37 weeks and biparietal diameter growth velocity Z scores were also significantly lower, from 30 to 33 weeks. Amongst the twin pairs there were no significant differences in Z scores with respect to chorionicity, foetal sex, birth order to whether delivery was premature or term. This retrospective study has demonstrated that twin foetal growth velocity is reduced when compared to singletons from at least as early as 30 weeks' gestation. Twin specific variables such as chorionicity, sex, birth order and subsequent premature birth do not need to be accounted for in the interpretation of growth velocities in twins. The clinical importance of determining foetal growth velocity in twin pregnancies awaits further prospective study.
Trends in the twinning rate in Johannesburg, South Africa, 1969–1989 and estimated twinning rates for 1990
Authors: Hain Frances M , Kromberg Jennifer GR 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBirth statistics for the Johannesburg Metropolitan Region were collected for 757 151 confinements from 1969 to 1989 (467 513 Black, 194 375 White, 67 250 Coloured and 28 013 Indian confinements). From 1969 to 1978 data on the sexes of twins were also collected for 375 203 of the confinements (203 504 Black, 129 631 White, 28 253 Coloured and 13 815 Indian confinements). A twin confinement was defined as two deliveries during one confinement. Twinning rates (TRs), defined as the number of twin confinements per 1000 total confinements, were calculated per year for each population group and from 1969–1978 estimates of the relative proportions of dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins were calculated and thus the relative DZTRs and MZTRs. A significant decline in Black and Coloured TRs was observed between 1969 and 1989. A significant decline in Black DZTR but not Black MZTR was observed between 1969 and 1978, the Coloured twin sample was too small to show significant trends over this period. It is probable that the overall decline in Black twinning may be explained by a decline in the DZTR. An analysis of birth statistics for 159 748 confinements (134 504 Black and 25 244 White confinements) collected as part of a prospective study of TRs in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Region from 1988 to 1990, indicated that the Black TR continued to decline at least until the end of 1990. TRs in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Region calculated from City Health Department birth statistics collected from 1988 to 1990 were: 13.8 and 10.77 for the Black and White populations, respectively. TRs for this period calculated from the combined birth statistics of 14 hospitals, nursing homes and maternity clinics across the region were: 12.4 and 10.88 for the Black and White populations, respectively.
Predicting infant temperament from neonatal reactivity for AGA/SGA twin pairs
Authors: Riese Marilyn L 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe predictive relation between neonatal reactivity and 12-, 18-, and 24-month temperament was assessed for 22 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA)/small-for-gestational-age (SGA) twin pairs. Neonatal reactivity included ratings of visual and auditory orienting responses to a bull's-eye, rattle, bell, voice, and face plus voice combined, as well as alertness. Infant temperament ratings were made of emotional tone, activity, attentiveness, and social orientation to staff during ageappropriate activities in the laboratory. There were no group differences in the neonatal or infant ratings. For AGA twins, a pattern of predictive correlations was obtained between neonatal reactivity and temperament at each age. A similar predictive pattern was not observed for the SGA twins. Group differences in rates of maturation related to stresses associated with intrauterine growth retardation influenced the significance of the neonatal variables for later temperament development.
Similarity of social security numbers among twins: data from the Virginia Twin Registry
Authors: Page William F , Corey Linda 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAt least two twin registries in the United States have been or are being assembled using the similarity of Social Security Numbers in computerized records to help identify possible twin pairs. While the success of such enterprises depends directly on a high probability of twinness given Social Security Numbers, there are theoretical and practical reasons to study the probability of Social Security Number similarity given twinness. For example, the number of twin pairs with similar Social Security Numbers obviously determines the maximum number of twin pairs that can be discovered by similarity algorithms. To study this issue, we examined the similarity of known Social Security Numbers in twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Registry by age, sex, race, and zygosity of the pair. We found that similarity between the Social Security Numbers of twin pairs varies markedly by age, and MZ twin pairs have significantly more similar Social Security Numbers than DZ pairs at all ages. Among older twins, there are also significant differences by sex and race. For younger twins, algorithms that identify putative twin pairs on the basis of the similarity of their Social Security Numbers hold the promise of being able to identify a large proportion of all true twin pairs. Such algorithms will be substantially less successful, however, in identifying a large proportion of older twin pairs.
The East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (Belgium): a population-based registe
Authors: Loos Ruth , Derom Catherine , Vlietinck Robert , Derom Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS), started in 1964, is unique among the 17 major European twin registers because it is population based, the twins (and higher order births) are ascertained at birth, basic perinatal data are collected, chorion type is established and, when appropriate, genetic markers including DNA fingerprints, are determined. The total number of sets is 5089 twin, 158 triplet and 14 of higher order. Zygosity has been diagnosed on the basis of sex, placental structure and genetic markers in more than 95% of pairs. The EFPTS is the only large register that includes placental data and allows differentiation of three subtypes of monozygotic twins based on the time of the initial zygotic division: the dichorionic—diamnionic pairs (early), the monochorionic—diamnionic pairs (intermediate), and the monochorionic—monoamnionic pairs (late). Methodology and basic results in twins are considered in this article; detailed studies will be reported later. The sex proportion in dizygotic (DZ) twins is the same as in singletons, whereas monozygotic (MZ) twins number more girls than boys. The difference in perinatal mortality between DZ and MZ twins is limited to the monochorionic MZ subgroup. Birth weight is highest in DZ twins and diminishes stepwise in MZ dichorionic and MZ monochorionic twins. Duration of pregnancy follows the same trend but is limited to a few days. Iatrogenic pregnancies are increasing to the point of representing almost 50% of the twin births in 1997.
How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins
Authors: Iachine Ivan A , Holm Niels V , Harris Jennifer R , Begun Alexander Z , Iachina Maria K , Laitinen Markku , Kaprio Jaakko , Yashin Anatoli I 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMolecular epidemiological studies confirm a substantial contribution of individual genes to variability in susceptibility to disease and death for humans. To evaluate the contribution of all genes to susceptibility and to estimate individual survival characteristics, survival data on related individuals (eg twins or other relatives) are needed. Correlated gamma-frailty models of bivariate survival are used in a joint analysis of survival data on more than 31 000 pairs of Danish, Swedish and Finnish male and female twins using the maximum likelihood method. Additive decomposition of frailty into genetic and environmental components is used to estimate heritability in frailty. The estimate of the standard deviation of frailty from the pooled data is about 1.5. The hypothesis that variance in frailty and correlations of frailty for twins are similar in the data from all three countries is accepted. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability in frailty is about 0.5. The age trajectories of individual hazards are evaluated for all three populations of twins and both sexes. The results of our analysis confirm the presence of genetic infiuences on individual frailty and longevity. They also suggest that the mechanism of these genetic infiuences may be similar for the three Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, results indicate that the increase in individual hazard with age is more rapid than predicted by traditional demographic life tables.
Book Reviews
Authors: Latorre Guisela 
Published: March 2007

Botánica Los Angeles: Latino Popular Religious Art in the City of Angeles by Patrick Arthur Polk, ed. Los Angeles: The Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2004. 140 pp.Guisela Latorre is an assistant professor in the Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Trained in art history and working in an interdisciplinary framework, she researches the contexts of artistic production in Chicano/a and Latin American art.
Book Reviews
Authors: Small Cathy A. 
Published: March 2007

Pieces of Cloth, Pieces of Culture: Tapa from Tonga and the Pacific Islands by Ping‐Ann Addo. Oakland, CA: California College of the Arts, 2004. 50 pp. (Co‐published with the California Academy of Sciences.). Pieces of Cloth, Pieces of Culture: Tapa Making and Community Collaboration (DVD) by Sonia BasSheva.Cathy A. Small is Professor of Anthropology and Graduate Coordinator at Northern Arizona University. She conducted fieldwork in the Kingdom of Tonga from 1981 to 1984, in 1987, and in 1995, since focusing on Tongan‐Americans who now live in Northern California. Her recent work explores ethnographic and computer simulation approaches to cultural change, including an ethnography of U. S. "college culture," My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned by Becoming a Student (Cornell University Press, 2005).
Book Reviews
Authors: Petch Alison 
Published: March 2007

Cabinets for the Curious: Looking Back at Early English Museums by Ken Arnold. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006. 297 pp.Alison Petch is a project researcher and registrar at the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Until March 2006, she was employed on the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)— funded "Relational Museum" project, and since April 2006, she has been working on "The Other Within: An Anthropology of Englishness at the Pitt Rivers Museum," also funded by the ESRC.
Book Reviews
Authors: Biddison Dawn 
Published: March 2007

Museums and Source Communities:. Routledge Reader by Laura Peers and Alison K. Brown, eds. New York: Routledge, 2003. 280 pp.Based in Anchorage, Alaska, Dawn D. Biddison is Alaska Collections Project Assistant Curator for the Arctic Study Center (ASC) of the Smithsonian Institution. Her work on the Sharing Knowledge website (http://alaska.si.edu/) and the permanent Smithsonian gallery and learning center planned for the 2010 Anchorage Museum expansion is based on collaboration with Alaska Native Elders, artists, scholars, and tribal representatives.
Book Reviews
Authors: Ellis Ngarino 
Published: March 2007

Manawa: Pacific Heartbeat:. Celebration of Contemporary Maori and Northwest Coast Art by Nigel Reading and Gary Wyatt. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006. 170 pp.Ngarino Ellis is of Ngapuhi and Ngati Porou tribal descent, a lecturer in the Department of Art History at the University of Auckland, a Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand, an indigenous arts curator, and a writer on Maori arts, architecture, history, and culture. Her current research interests include Ngati Porou carving, moko, gender, and art crime.
Treatment of mine tailings using ALFA® technology
Authors: Mohamed A. M. O. , Hossein M. , Hassani F. 
Published: March 2007

To evaluate the success of the ALFA technology to stabilise and solidify the acid-producing tailings by means of ettringite formation, a tailings sample from a mine in the province of Quebec, Canada, was subjected to treatment and subsequent evaluation. The tailings sample was initially subjected to physical and chemical analysis and the optimised condition for the formation and precipitation of ettringite within the sample was established via X-ray diffraction analysis. To establish whether the pozzolanic reactions has occurred in the treated samples and monitor the growth of ettringite in the specimens under investigation, samples were cured for 3, 28, 90, 360, and 660 days and were analysed for their mineralogical constituents. The treated samples with the aluminium, lime and fly ash (ALFA) technology were subjected to different leaching tests. The leachants were simulated groundwater with a pH of 5·5; acid rain with a pH of 4·5, which contained sulphuric acid; a sulphuric acid solution with a pH of 2·5 (Modified TCLP); and acetic acid solution with pH of 2·88. In addition, treated samples were further evaluated for their stability via durability tests (strength, hydraulic conductivity, and cyclic freeze-thaw). Pour évaluer le succès de la technologie ALFA (Aluminium, Lime and Fly ash ou aluminium, chaux et cendres volantes) pour stabiliser et solidifier des stériles produisant de l'acide au moyen de formation d'ettringite, des échantillons de résidus miniers issus de la province de Québec, au Canada, ont été traités puisé tudiés. Des essais chimiques et physiques ont tout d'abord été réalisés sur les échantillons. Une analyse par diffraction de rayons X a permis d'établir les conditions optimales de formation et de précipitation d'ettringite dans le spécimen. Pour déterminer si les réactions pozzoloniques se sont produites dans les échantillons traités et contrôler la formation d'ettringite dans les spécimens àl'étude, les échantillons ont été mûris pendant 3, 28, 90, 360 et 660 jours avant que leurs constituants minéralogiques ne soit analysés. Différents tests de lixiviation TLCP (« toxicity characteristic leaching procedure ») ont été réalisés sur les échantillons traités avec la technologie ALFA. Les lixiviats considérés ont été les suivants: eau souterraine simulée de pH 5,5, pluie acide de pH 4,5 contenant de l'acide sulfurique, solution d'acide sulfurique de pH 2,5 (TLCP modifié) et solution d'acide acétique (TLCP) de pH 2,88. On a également évalué la stabilité des échantillons traités au moyen d'essais de durabilité (résistance, conductivité hydraulique, cycle de gel-dégel).
Load and Inflation Effects on Force and Moment of Passenger Tires Using Explicit Transient Dynamics
Authors: Liu Hon H. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Explicit transient dynamic FEA (ABAQUS) has been used to model a rolling passenger tire (195/75R14) subjected to a slip-angle sweep of 0 to −1 degree. The computation tracks the rolling and yawing history of the tire on a 3 m (10 in.) diameter drum. Various loads and inflation pressures are applied, and the computed forces and moments at a slip angle of −1 deg are compared to identify their sensitivities to these parameters. It is found that for the current small slip angle used, the lateral force is quite insensitive to inflation and vertical load. The moment, however, is highly dependent on both. The difference in sensitivities is caused by the strong dependence of moment on footprint size, which is controlled by both load and inflation. The presented numerical analysis is useful in understanding tire cornering characteristics.
The effect of bilateral palmar digital nerve analgesia on the compressive force experienced by the navicular bone in horses with navicular disease
Authors: McGUIGAN M. P. , WILSON A. M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryHorses with navicular disease have an increased load on the navicular bone in early stance. This has been suggested to be a response to pain in the heel region. Seven horses with clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic signs of navicular disease underwent forceplate and kinematic analysis before and after desensitisation of the heel region with a bilateral palmar digital nerve block. The compressive force exerted on the navicular bone during stance, and stride kinematics, were determined in each state. After regional analgesia of the palmar digital nerves (PDNB) the compressive force on the navicular bone was lower throughout stance. The mean ± s.d. peak force at the beginning of stance was 7.05 ± 1.10 N/kg before, and 6.46 ± 1.15 N/kg after PDNB (P = 0.01) and at the end of stance the mean peak values were 5.00 ± 2.05 N/kg before, and 4.39 ± 1.65 N/kg after PDNB (P = 0.05). We explained this finding as indicating that the horse responds to heel pain (including pain in the navicular region) by contracting the deep digital flexor muscle to unload the heels. This increases the compressive load on the navicular bone, which may cause remodelling and, in some horses, damage to the overlying flexor cartilage, which is then painful and identified as navicular disease. This mechanism identifies navicular disease as a possible end point for a variety of heel related conditions.
Faceted crystal shape evolution during dissolution or growth
Authors: Snyder Ryan C. , Doherty Michael F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA model for the prediction of faceted crystal shape evolution during growth or dissolution is presented. An ab initio mechanistic model for the relative growth or dissolution rates is also described for organic molecular crystal systems. The shape evolution model proves that while growing crystals evolve toward a steady‐state shape, dissolving crystals evolve away from a steady‐state shape. Thus, crystals cannot achieve a steady‐state during dissolution. This methodology may be used to probe crystal shapes that are obtainable by growing and/or dissolving crystals, including pharmaceutical crystals, inorganic materials and geological minerals. The technique has been successfully applied to predict the shape evolution of succinic acid growing or dissolving in water. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007