bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Issues for Men Working with Sexually Abused Children
Authors: Frosh Stephen 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper outlines some issues facing men who work with children who have been sexually abused. It is argued that there is an intrinsic connection between child sexual abuse and masculine sexuality. Working with abused children faces men with our own potentially abusive tendencies. To some extent commitment to child sexual abuse work can be understood as a response to this situation expressing, for example, reaction formations or reparative urges. Two case examples are given to demonstrate the importance of recognition of these factors and the way such recognition may contribute to therapeutic utilisation of transference and counter‐transference emotions.
Whither‘Rugby’? ‐ Towards a Profession of Psychotherapy
Authors: Dyne Deryck 
Published: June 2007

HISTORYThe Foster Report on Scientology (HMSO 1971) concluded that psychotherapy in the UK should be controlled by legislation. The analysts, psychiatrists and behaviourists approached the DHSS (1974) to be told (1975) that there was no hope of legislation. Between 1975‐8 the Profession's Working Party conferred widely within the field and proposed indicative legislation and a psychotherapy council (Sieghart 1978). In 1981 a private member's bill to create a Council of Psychotherapy (the Bright Bill) was talked out (House of Commons), and the DHSS stated that until the profession could agree on the need for a register of practitioners and who should be on it the government would not act. In January 1982 the BAC conducted (in Rugby) a symposium for interested parties to discuss the issues raised by the DHSS's position; a working party was formed to arrange a conference. The issue of registration was put on hold whilst participants developed a dialogue to create the basis for a Standing Conference. Since 1982 the conference has met annually under its working party, trying through discussion to develop a constitution all can accept.
The Shape of Change
Authors: Moore Norah 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY: This paper considers patterns of change that occur in analysis, in terms of image or of model, with clinical examples. Linear and spiral models of individuation are discussed, and Jung's notion of enantiodromia between opposite parts of the psyche is related to Thom's catastrophe theory.Change is crucially important for an analyst whether in the patient or in himself, or in his dialectic with the patient. He may not actively foster change nor set it as a goal, but if there is stasis he knows that vitality has gone.In this paper I look, not at how change is effected, but at the shape of change itself.Some years ago the phrase‘the shape of change’was used by a biologist while investigating the variation of biological behaviour (Gorman 1976). I use it in a similar way in exploring the patterns the course of analysis or of life may take.
Are Psychotherapists Out of Touch?
Authors: Woodmansey A. C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. Touching ‐ as well as not touching ‐ conveys messages‐ It also constitutes aprimary experience with emotional and trophic effect Both functions arc important for psychotherapy.Attachment theory logically implies (and experience confirms) that patients who lacked adequate mothering in early life require ‐ like children ‐ actual physical cam‐giving. It may he necessary to communicate with some patients by touch before treatment can start, whereas others are at first afraid to be touched. However, an essential pan of psychotherapy is enabling patients to lose their fear of accepting what they need.Objections m therapeutic touching are subjective and due largely to sexual fears. Problems in this area emphasise the imperative need for all psychotherapists to have regular access to therapeutic supervision.
Treatment of Early Narcissistic Disturbance
Authors: Corney M.J.R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. Patients who have experienced severe disturbance in their early maternal care and who were disallowed narcissistic experience prove very difficult to treat in a therapeutic context. The nature of the problem, clinical implications and traditional treatment methods are explored. This group of patients, although very often seen as‘worthwhile’, do not seem to get better in any fundamental way and are often rejected as untreatable. Whilst some therapists have explored the area of encouraging a patient's creativity, this has typically been done to improve morale or in an attempt to‘make whole’rather schizoid personalities. It is argued here that the patient needs to be helped to become the good‐enough and non‐contemptuous parent to himself, and that the creative sphere is the area for this. The patient's artistic efforts can be mothered, and are immune to the damaging influence to which real children would be subject. Narcissistically disturbed patients often have clinically envious personalities. Encouraging their creativity also provides a valuable psychological space in which they are able to show gratitude, and have this received in a safe way.Caution is expressed about need to‘hold’this process whilst working with the patient in this way and about some of the dangers inherent in the creative process, using the work of a gifted poet as an illustration.
The Transformation Function in Light of a New Model of the Mind
Authors: Langs Robert 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. The paper introduces a new model of the mind based on psychoanalytic listening which attends carefully to the distinctions between derivative and nonderivative communication, and the three levels of meaning in messages ‐ manifest, implication and encoded. The model forms a basis for revising Freud's theory of primary and secondary process thinking as well as notions of unconscious communication, experience and information processing.The paper then conceptualises a particular subsystem of the model ‐ the transformation subsystem (TSS). The transformation function safeguards processing which takes place in the deep unconscious system at a high level of perceptiveness and intelligence. The information processed is coated with anxiety and terror, and the transformation function assures that the images involved will not gain direct access to awareness. Displacement and symbolisation are the essential components of this processing system.On this basis, patients are classified as transformers or nontransformers, and factors in this aspect of communicative style are presented. The basic flaw in the human mind to which the transformation function contributes, namely, that information derived from the processing which takes place in the deep unconscious system is not available for conscious adaptation, is identified and discussed. Nonetheless, the transformation function is seen as a safeguard against somatisation, acting out and, more fundamentally, as a modulating factor in the human psyche. The means by which the transformation function safeguards against symptom formation is articulated, as is the means by which the therapist may assist the patient in expressing him or herself in this fashion.The paper concludes with a comparison between Bion's Alpha function theory and the present theory of transformations. Brief mention is made of the dysfunctions in the TSS in schizophrenic patients.
The Extra‐Analytic Transference and the Analytic Triad
Authors: Fine Reuben 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper highlights some neglected aspects of transference. It may be summed up as follows:In the psychoanalytic process, there is always an analytic triad consisting of the patient, the analyst and one other significant person in the patient's life. This other person may vary from time to time, thus calling into existence various extra‐analytic transferences.While these extra‐analytic transferences have on the whole been neglected in theory, in practice they are exceedingly relevant. Since there are always two transferences, one to the analyst and one to an outside figure, working through the transference to the analyst cannot be done properly without also working through the extra‐analytic transference(s).In this procedure the real relationship to the analyst has to be given due weight as well as the transference relationship to the‘real’outside person. As Greenson has pointed out,‘real’and transference’become relative terms in both cases; the‘transference’relationship has many real elements; the‘real’relationship has many transference elements.Numerous case illustrations from Freud, the general literature and the author's practice are cited to illustrate these points. The significance of these considerations for the analytic process is stressed.
The Explanation of Impulsive Action
Authors: Lansky Melvin 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.Impulsive action, such as binge eating or drinking, wrist‐slashing, compulsive promiscuity or chronically explosive marital conflict, presents serious problems for psychoanalysis. Such action evokes explanations both from the analyst and from the patient. The analyst may be held captive by explanatory notions that emphasise one aspect of impulsive action rather than the whole process. These explanations are based on our notions of drive pressure, adaptation, control and attack of intimate persons, ‘acting out,’ and the ‘compulsion to repeat’. The patient's explanations may be either consciously stated or inferred by the analyst as unconscious‘explanations’from associative material. If the patient's explanations dovetail with or adapt to those of the analyst, the analyst may take them as confirmatory, and the whole process of breakdown and restitution may escape analytic scrutiny.This process includes: (1) a precipitant that is narcissistically wounding; (2) a prodrome consisting of an experience of lack or absence which the patient feels as persecution, and a restitutive phantasy of the lack as fillable by a consummatory act; (3) the act itself; (4) character defences that ward off mortification on awareness of personal disintegration (shame) or the consequences of the act (guilt); explanations emphasising guilt often screen those giving rise to shame; (5) an attempt to regulate distance to protect against narcissistic injury by keeping intimates from getting too close or too far away.The therapist's tendencies to overemphasise the precipitant, the meaning of the act, or its distance regulating may convey an attitude of blame rather than understanding. Therapeutic emphasis on the subjective experience in an unintegrated way is sympathy, not empathy; sympathy is collusive and fosters splitting and impedes working with the negative transference. Blame or sympathy may be buttressed by the type of explanation accepted by analyst and patient. Explanatory preconceptions must be transcended to do effective interpretive work. Interpretation should convey understanding of a preoccupied ego that manifests its disorganising and restitutive propensities in the process of impulsive action.
Internal Conflict
Authors: Woodmansey Colin 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.… the extraordinary propensity of the human being to join hands with external forces in an attack upon his own existence is one of the most remarkable of biological phenomena (Menninger 1938)The term 'superego’(which should perhaps be replaced by‘anti‐ego’) is used to denote a set of habitual response tendencies that are antagonistic to the self, and cause the subject to behave as if he were two separate persons at war with each other. The superego develops in early life and may be ‘punitive’or‘humiliating’or both. The former kind arises through learning to restrain the self from dangerously rebelling against overwhelming coercion, and the latter through intense striving to avoid parental scorn. The resultant‘internal’conflict resembles the external one between an actual child and a demanding parent; and the relative fortunes of the two antagonists provide a model for understanding the characteristics of many kinds of emotional and psychosomatic disorder. Superego behaviour is propagated from generation to generation; and perpetuates itself in the individual by preventing the responses that, by proving it unnecessary, would lead to its extinction. Self‐punitive conditions are therefore highly resistant to treatment, which must be specially directed to the particular needs of each of the patient's two conflicting parts in turn. To be able to do this, psychotherapists themselves need to be freed from their own internal conflicts during training and later.
The Proper Image of Mankind
Authors: Pedder Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.Guntrip's (1977) vehement rejection of Erikson's (1965) image of man as centaur, particularly when the latter seemed so close to Freud's rider‐and‐horse metaphor for the ego and id, prompted a review of the appropriateness of these and similar metaphors or images of mankind such as centaur, fallen angel or irredeemable devil. This leads into the consideration of other issues such as whether psychoanalysis is a science or an art; whether it belongs in the rational or romantic tradition; whether it is a science at a pre‐scientific metaphorical stage or a new humanism in its own right.
The Paralysis of Indecision
Authors: Lamprell Michael 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.Through clinical material ambivalence is explored as a defence by keeping differences apart or denying their existence, and as positive in the bringing together of differences. The therapist's own seductive feelings in the countertransference and aspects of the process are seen as important indicators of a primary relationship where the parental narcissism has caused the patient to become ‘ stuck’in ambivalence in order to fulfil the parental need for ‘sameness’. The child/patient, however, also resists ‘sameness’with controlling ambivalent behaviour and by being in control of nothing happening. For the convenience of style the therapist in this paper is referred to in the masculine and the patient in the feminine.
Art as a Defence Mechanism Against Creativity
Authors: Mann David 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.This paper takes clinical examples to explore the idea that paintings made during the course of therapy may be used by the client's defence mechanisms so that the picture and picture‐making process are utilised against expression of creativity. It is argued that art is not inherently creative but is subject to the same processes of resistance and defence as encountered in other areas of the client's life and therapy. Some of the literature is reviewed followed by clinical examples. The conclusion drawn is that once resistance has been interpreted new layers of creativity become available to the client.
A Multiplicity of Psychotherapeutic Relationships
Authors: Clarkson Petruska 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.This article distinguishes, theoretically and by means of clinical examples, dreams and kinship metaphors, between five different kinds of psychotherapeutic relationship which may be potentially available for constructive use in psychotherapy. These are: the Working Alliance; the Transferential/Countertransferential Relationship; the Reparative/Developmentally Needed Relationship; the I‐You Relationship; and the Transpersonal Relationship. These five modalities can act as an integrative framework for different traditions (or approaches) of psychotherapy notwithstanding apparently irreconcilable schisms or popular stereotypes.
Creative Envy or 'Shiva Dancing Our Destruction’
Authors: Groom Nigel 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper is essentially about Envy as creative, as being about construction and destruction, about bringing Eros, Pan and Shiva into the relationship between therapist and client. It is an attempt to speak about sexualising, bodying, playing and the embodying of Envy as aggressive fantasy and activity out of the Imaginal world as I experience it with my clients.‘Or Shiva Dancing our Destruction’(Tippett 1983, p. 9) refers to Shiva as Cosmic Dancer, mystical yet ever‐present, containing construction and destruction, chaos and order, inseparable opposites which manifest and arise out of the Imaginal world, the Mundus Imaginalis (Corbin 1972). I want to show what kind of underlying aggressive fantasies and activities around envy of the parents’/client's/therapist's or analyst's bodies become manifest in the work and how the primal metaphor of Shiva's dance underlies this in a powerful way.
On Not Traumatising the Traumatised: The Contribution of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy to Work with People with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Ratigan Bernard 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe incidence of HIV and AIDS is increasing in Britain. Many of those affected are subjected to, and subject others to, powerful psychological pressures. Hitherto, the psychological care of such patients has been much influenced by cognitive‐behavioural approaches and only more recently have psychodynamic insights been brought into focus. This paper reports psychotherapeutic work undertaken both directly with HIV and AIDS patients, their partners and families and with clinical teams providing medical care.The paper attempts to begin to sketch out a map of the psychodynamics of HIV and AIDS to encourage a better understanding of how clinicians can be helped to understand how psychosocial attitudes can be passed on to patients in the form of unconscious attacks and how patients can cause severe acting out on the part of clinicians as they try to resolve their own unconscious conflicts over their illness.
On Hating the Patient
Authors: Prodgers Alan 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYHating the patient is seen as a natural part of any psychotherapeutic practice. Its emergence may be related to work with difficult or demanding patients. It finds its roots in our own personalities and the unconscious motivations that led each of us to practise psychotherapy. Some defences against the emergence of hatred are examined, and situations are discussed in which defences may break down and acting out occur.
Avoiding the Edge
Authors: Jones Peggy 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe paper explores the question of whether and in what way psychotherapy may be a ‘dangerous’ profession. Starting with a recognition of personal hostility towards the American self‐help approach, I consider why we as a profession may be unwilling to examine other approaches and explore the tension inherent in our work between our own ‘health’ and ‘woundedness’ . I consider the dangers ‐ personal and collective ‐ of isolating and insulating ourselves against the wider social, cultural and political world and I assert that: ‘committing ourselves to finding and nurturing the source of responsibility, conscience, truth and freedom in others is not the same as committing ourselves to finding and nurturing that source in ourselves, or in the world’.
Brief Psychotherapy with Patients with Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Guthrie Elspeth 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition consisting of abdominal pain, abdominal distension and an altered bowel habit in the absence of underlying organic pathology. Most people can be helped by conventional medical treatment but a small proportion (15%) run a chronic course with disabling symptoms that are unresponsive to medical intervention. This paper briefly describes a recent randomised, controlled trial of brief psychotherapy in 102 patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome. The trial showed that two‐thirds of people with chronic symptoms of IBS show significant improvement following brief therapy. Six cases of patients seen during the trial are presented to illustrate the nature of the therapy employed and the range of people who can be helped by such an approach. The advantages and inevitable limitations of brief dynamic therapy with IBS patients are then discussed.
Inpatient Treatment with Patients with Severe Psychosomatic and Neurotic Disorders: a German Perspective
Authors: Herzog Thomas 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses why 9000 psychosomatic inpatient treatment places exist in Germany and how they are used. First, two case histories are presented to illustrate the particular patients and the typical problems that are dealt with by these units as well as the kind of approach used. This is followed by an outline of the preconditions for this, and a sketch of the actual state of psychosomatic inpatient treatment, illustrated by referring to the treatment approach in Heidelberg. Finally, outcome studies will be discussed.
The Baby Makers: An In‐Depth Single‐Case Study of Conscious and Unconscious Psychological Reactions to Infertility and ‘Baby‐Making’ Technology
Authors: Raphael‐Leff Joan 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. Recent innovations of interventive technologies of fertilisation (AIH, AID, IVF) have brought in their wake a wave of psychological reactions in the consumers. This new syndrome includes psychological symptoms such as derealisation, depersonalisation, hypochondria, low self‐esteem, guilt and neurotic depression; anxiety reactions; phobic avoidance and obsessional reactions with rumination and compulsive rituals. In addition, considerable interpersonal stress is manifested within the marital/intimate relationships of these patients who strive to ‘make’ a baby, rather than being able to just naturally ‘have’ one.This presentation focuses on unconscious phantasies and dynamic processes underlying such symptomatology, including the emotional effects of being unable to treat intercourse as a twoperson generative event or the body as a creative fertile exponent of the self. Data is drawn from an in‐depth study of 19 patients seen in 1–5 per week psychoanalysis or individual/couple therapy and a single case is presented in depth. Attention is focused on subfertile patients' special transference relationship to the medical specialist ‐ as ‘Baby Maker’.