bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Dynamics of Iranian Post- Revolutionary Film Periodicals
Authors: Naficy Hamid 
Published: July 2007

This essay is in two parts. Part I examines the dynamism and the political economy of the popular culture in Iran by focusing on the developments in the publication of film periodicals since the revolution of 1979. Part II provides a list of periodicals since the revolution that have dealt with cinema and the film industry.Periodicals specializing in film and cinema as well as those which devote only a section of each issue to the motion-picture industry are all part of the larger cultural dynamics of what we might call the Iranian post-revolutionary popular culture. These specialized and allied periodicals cannot be considered in a vacuum since, as part of the dynamics of this popular culture, they are involved in a host of negotiations and conflicting relations with the clerical state, official censorship boards, advertisers, film producers, the publishing industry, and finally their own readers.
Hospital Admissions From a Non‐Medical Alcohol Detoxification Unit
Authors: Pedersen C.M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTransfers from an inner city, social setting alcohol detoxification unit to its parent hospital were examined for a 33 month period. 51 (1.2%) out of 4192 admissions during this period were subsequently transferred to hospital. 21 (43%) were for the management of acute alcohol withdrawal, representing 0.5% of total admissions to the detoxification unit. Analysis of transfers indicates that the unit provides a safe detoxification environment and process.
Regulation of Blood Flow in the Microcirculation
Authors: SEGAL STEVEN S. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe regulation of blood flow has rich history of investigation and is exemplified in exercising skeletal muscle by a concerted interaction between striated muscle fibers and their microvascular supply. This review considers blood flow control in light of the regulation of capillary perfusion by and among terminal arterioles, the distribution of blood flow in arteriolar networks according to metabolic and hemodynamic feedback from active muscle fibers, and the balance between peak muscle blood flow and arterial blood pressure by sympathetic nerve activity. As metabolic demand increases, the locus of regulating oxygen delivery to muscle fibers “ascends” from terminal arterioles, through intermediate distributing arterioles, and into the proximal arterioles and feed arteries, which govern total flow into a muscle. At multiple levels, venules are positioned to provide feedback to nearby arterioles regarding the metabolic state of the tissue through the convection and production of vasodilator stimuli. Electrical signals initiated on smooth muscle and endothelial cells can travel rapidly for millimeters through cell‐to‐cell conduction via gap junction channels, rapidly coordinating vasodilator responses that govern the distribution and magnitude of blood flow to active muscle fibers. Sympathetic constriction of proximal arterioles and feed arteries can restrict functional hyperemia while dilation prevails in distal arterioles to promote oxygen extraction. With vasomotor tone reflecting myogenic contraction of smooth muscle cells modulated by flow‐induced vasodilator production by endothelium, the initiation of functional vasodilation and its modulation by shear stress and sympathetic innervation dictate how and where blood flow is distributed in microvascular networks. A remarkable ensemble of signaling pathways underlie the integration of smooth muscle and endothelial cell function in microvascular networks. These pathways are being defined with new insight as novel approaches are applied to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of blood flow control.
A New Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Sustained Impairment of Nutritive Microcirculation and Its Recovery by Chronic Electrical Stimulation
Authors: BROWN M. D. , KELSALL C. J. , MILKIEWICZ M. , ANDERSON S. , HUDLICKA O. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTObjectives: To develop a model of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in rat skeletal muscle with sustained impairment of microcirculatory perfusion, and to ascertain whether increased muscle activity can reverse the impairment.Methods: Three weeks after iliac ligation in rats, the ipsilateral femoral artery was ligated (double ligation, DL), and in some animals, muscle activity was increased by electrical stimulation for 2 weeks (10 Hz, 15 min on, 85 mins off, 7 times per day). Diameter changes of precapillary arterioles to vasoactive agonists and capillary perfusion (flow intermittency, capillary red cell velocity [Vrbc], and diameters) were measured in extensor digitorum longus muscle and compared with 5 weeks iliac only ligation (single ligation, SL) and controls. Total muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was estimated by Western blotting.Results:Whereas single ligation increased intermittency of capillary flow with little effect on Vrbc and shear stress, DL completely eliminated increases in Vrbc and shear stress after muscle contractions. Arterial dilation to sodium nitroprusside was attenuated similarly in SL and DL; in SL, acetylcholine induced constriction and bradykinin an attenuated dilation, but in DL vessels were unresponsive to either. Chronic stimulation returned all microcirculatory parameters in DL to normal and increased levels of eNOS protein by 75%.Conclusions: Femoral artery ligation following iliac ligation impairs arteriolar vasodilator capacity, capillary perfusion, and shear‐dependent function of microcirculatory endothelium more than iliac ligation alone and is more representative of long‐standing ischemia in PAD. Chronic intermittent electrical stimulation can normalize these derangements.
Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Perfusion
Authors: Brock Robert W. , Dorman Robert B. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTInsulin resistance brings together the collection of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia associated with pathologies such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. As such, it is an important target for the prevention of complications linked with these pathologies. To the extent that insulin resistance involves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, there are obvious associations between impaired insulin signaling and microvascular dysfunction. In fact, there is evidence that insulin resistance significantly participates in the microvascular damage that occurs with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Since the liver plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, and the state of the microcirculation reflects its function, the impact of insulin resistance on hepatic microvascular perfusion deficits is important. However, as of yet, no single body of work has addressed the relationships that exist between insulin resistance and the derangements in hepatic microvascular perfusion. Although there is distinct hepatic microvascular dysfunction associated with insulin resistance, a controversy still arises as to whether this dysfunction occurs as a result of reductions to the sinusoidal lumen. Nonetheless, the literature appears to agree that the general effects of obesity and insulin resistance on the hepatic microcirculation are linked to the selective impairment of phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase signaling, as well as the presence of swollen fatty hepatocytes and sinusoidal “capillarization.” This manuscript sets out to review the main aspects of hepatic glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, as well as the cellular and molecular mediators regulating hepatic microvascular perfusion deficits during obesity and insulin resistance.
Effects of vanadate and insulin on the activities of selected enzymes of amino acid metabolism in alloxan diabetic rat kidney
Authors: Salimuddin  , Upadhyaya K. C. , Baquer Najma Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effects of insulin and the insulin mimetic agent “vanadate” were studied on the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and arginase in the cytosolic and the mitochondrial fractions of the kidney in control and alloxan induced diabetic rats. An enhancement in the activities of these enzymes were noted in both the fractions of diabetic kidney. Vanadate treatment (0.6 mg/ml in drinking water) of alloxan induced diabetic rats restored the activities of these enzymes almost completely in the cytosolic and partially in the mitochondrial fractions. Vanadate treatment also normalized hyperglycaemia without altering the depressed levels of insulin secretion in diabetic rats. The effect of insulin treatment was found to be the same as that of vanadate in diabetic rats.
Reaction of rabbit skeletal myosin with D‐glucose 6‐phosphate
Authors: Avigad Gad , Kniep Annemarie , Bailin Gary 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIncubation of rabbit skeletal myosin with 1 to 3 mM D‐glucose 6‐phosphate over a period of several hours resulted in the inhibition of the K+‐ and actin activated‐ATPase activities. Substrate ATP (0.5 ‐ 3 mM final concentration) protected the myosin against the loss of ATPase activity as induced by glucose 6‐phosphate. This was also found for ADP. When the myosin was incubated with 3 mM [3H] labeled glucose 6‐phosphate for 28 h. up to one mole of glucose 6‐phosphate was incorporated per 4.7 × 105 g of myosin. A significant reduction in the labeling occurred in the presence of ATP. The labeling was limited to the heavy chain region as judged by gel electrophoresis which resolved the heavy and light chain components of myosin. The non‐enzymatic glycation of myosin by glucose 6‐phosphate is probably the primary cause for the observed loss of the ATPase activity of myosin. This effect may also occur physiologically modifying the activity of muscle contractile proteins particularly during prolonged hyperglycemia.
Promotion of proliferation of murine BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts mediated by nitric oxide at lower concentrations
Authors: Du Ming , Islam Md. Muzharul , Lin Ling , Ohmura Yoshihisa , Moriyama Yoichi , Fujimura Shinji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study showed that nitric oxide (NO)‐generating S‐nitrosothiols, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), increased proliferation of BALB/c 3T3 (clone A31‐1‐1) fibroblasts in vitro. Treatment with SNAP at a relatively low concentration (0.005‐0.02 mM) induced an increase in cell number compared to control. SNAP (0.005‐0.02 mM) and GSNO (0.025‐0.05 mM) both showed an increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation in exponentially growing cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The maximal effect was observed at about 40 and 90% above control at 0.02 mM and 0.05 mM, respectively. The increase induced by 0.02 mM SNAP was abolished by the addition of 0.01mM oxyhemoglobin, a scavenger of NO. [3H]Thymidine incorporation in stationary cells was also increased by SNAP. In addition, 0.02mM SNAP produced a 1.8‐3.2‐fold increase of thymidine kinase activity in exponentially growing cells.
Direct synthesis of full length p53 cDNA from frozen liver
Authors: Ranganathan Perungavur N. , Feitelson Mark A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRNA secondary structures can inhibit efficient first strand synthesis in the construction of cDNA clones. Here we report a procedure that incorporates an initial computer analysis of potential secondary structures in related mRNAs. Then a modified, direct reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) procedure optimized for obtaining a full length cDNA starting from a small amount of frozen tissue, without the need for a library construction, is performed. This modified approach is compared to the gene‐specific first strand primer method. In addition, the first strand obtained by each of these methods is amplified using two different types of PCR. The utility of this procedure is demonstrated by the successful synthesis of a full length 1.2 kb p53 cDNA by both methods of PCR, from total RNA isolated from woodchuck liver.
Isolation and characterization of AFP‐binding proteins from tumor and fetal human tissues
Authors: Kanevsky V.Yu. , Pozdnyakova L. P. , Aksenova O. A. , Severin S. E. , Katukov V.Yu. , Severin E. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe AFP receptor (rAFP) was discovered in embryonal and tumor tissues with a high level of proliferation. The AFP‐binding protein (AFPbp) possibly containing the AFP‐receptor (rAFP) was isolated from human embryos and human breast cancer tissue using affinity chromatography on an AFP‐Sepharose column. The similarity of molecular weight, subunit composition, and immunological characteristics was shown for embryonal and tumor AFPbp using immunoblotting, gel‐filtration, and PAAG electrophoresis. Judging from Superose‐12 gel‐filtration data, the protein molecular weight made up to 320‐380 kDa. The presence of an IgG‐binding site was detected in embryonal and tumor AFPbp by Western blot analysis.
Regulation of progresterone biosynthesis in the human placenta by estradiol 17β and progesterone
Authors: Shanker Y. Gopi , Rao A. Jagannadha 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEx vivo addition of estradiol 17β to first trimester or term human placental minces caused a significant increase in the quantity of progesterone produced. Addition of an aromatase inhibitor, CGS 16949 A, or the estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780, significantly inhibited progesterone production confirming the role of estradiol 17β in the regulation of progesterone synthesis in human placenta. RU 486 and ZK 98299, which are antagonists of progesterone receptor, significantly modulated progesterone synthesis in the human placenta but exhibited paradoxical effects on the first trimester and term placenta. We conclude that progesterone synthesis in the human placenta is regulated by estradiol 17β and progesterone. This is the first report providing evidence for autoregulation of progesterone synthesis in the human placenta.
A requirement for rac1 in the PDGF‐stimulated migration of fibroblasts and vascular smooth cells
Authors: Doanes A. Masharn , Irani Kaikobad , Goldschmidt‐Clermont Pascal J. , Finkel Toren 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRac1 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases. Although rac1 has been demonstrated to regulate the cytoskeleton, relatively little is known regarding its role in directional migration of mammalian cells. To address this issue, we have used recombinant adenoviruses to transiently express in fibroblasts either a dominant negative (N17rac1) or constitutively active (V12rac1) isoform of the small GTP‐binding protein rac1. Expression of N17rac1 is demonstrated to inhibit PDGF‐stimulated migration of rat fibroblasts. Surprisingly, expression of V12rac1 also inhibited, albeit to a lesser degree, the chemotactic response to PDGF. In contrast, expression of N17rac1 had no effect on PDGF stimulation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or the adherence of cells to plastic or fibronectin coated surfaces. Similar to what was observed in fibroblasts, expression of N17rac1 inhibited the PDGF‐stimutated migration of primary vascular smooth muscle cells. These results identify rac1 as an important downstream mediator of PDGF‐induced chemotaxis.
Spectroscopic and thermodynamic evidence for a complex denaturation mechanism of bovine β‐lactoglobulin A
Authors: García‐Hernández Enrique , Hernández‐Arana Andrés , Zubillaga Rafael A. , Rojo‐Domínguez Arturo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present a spectroscopic and calorimetric study on the thermal denaturation of bovine β‐lactoglobulin (β‐lg) variant A. Spectroscopic data allowed detection of a stable intermediate emerging from structural modifications restricted to local regions of the native molecule. It is suggested that this kind of intermediate could be a common property of lipocalins. Using the same set of parameters that has successfully related thermodynamics and structural properties of other proteins, it is shown that the thermally denatured state of β‐lg retains a significant amount of buried hydrophobic surface area. Thus, despite being a small protein composed of a single structural domain, β‐lg exhibits a complex unfolding mechanism, comprising at least two other species different from the native and completely unfolded states.
Epitope mapping of anti‐troponin I monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Filatov Vladimir L. , Katrukha Aleksei G. , Bereznikova Anastasia V. , Esakova Tatiana V. , Bulargina Tamara V. , Kolosova Olga V. , Severin Evgeniy S. , Gusev Nikolai B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo groups of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to human cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were generated by immunization of mice by isolated cTnI (group I, 16 MAbs) or by the whole troponin complex (group II, 15 MAbs). Two sets of overlapping decapeptides covering the complete sequence of cTnI were prepared and used for epitope mapping by SPOT technique. Majority of MAbs (28 out of 31) interacts with synthetic peptides thus indicating that they recognize liner epitopes. MAbs raised against isolated cTnI preferentially recognize epitopes located at the N‐ or C‐terminal ends of cTnI. Nine out of fifteen MAbs raised against whole troponin complex interact with epitopes located in the N‐terminal part of cTnI. Generation of MAbs recognizing both isolated cTnI and cTnI inside of troponin complex and mapping their epitopes provides reliable detection of TnI in serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Thymoquinone protects against carbon tetrachloride hetatotoxicity in mice via an antioxidant mechanism
Authors: Nagi Mahmoud N. , Alam Khurshid , Badary Osama A. , Al‐Shabanah Othman A. , Al‐Sawaf Hussein A. , Al‐Bekairi Abdullah M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThymoquinone (TQ) is the major active component of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds. The effects of TQ on carbon tetrachloride (CC14)‐induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in male Swiss albino mice. Carbon tetrachloride (20 μl/Kg, i.p.) injected into mice, induced damage to liver cells and was followed by the increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity after 24 h. Oral administration of TQ in a single dose (100 mg/Kg) resulted in significant (p<0.001) protection against the hepatotoxic effects of CCl4.TQ was tested as a substrate for mice hepatic DT‐diaphorase in the presence of NADH. TQ appears to undergo reduction to dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ). Reduction rates as a function of protein (liver homogenate) and substrate (TQ) concentrations are reported. An apparent Km of 0.1 mM and an apparent Vmax of 74 μmol/min/g liver were measured.TQ and DHTQ inhibited the in vitro non‐enzymatic lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate (induced by Fe3+‐ascorbate) in a dose dependent manner. In this in vitro model DHTQ was more potent in comparison with TQ and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The IC50 for DHTQ, TQ and BHT were found to be 0.34, 0.87 and 0.58 μM respectively. The data suggest that the in vivo protective action of TQ against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity may be mediated through the combined antioxidant properties of TQ and its metabolite DHTQ.
Stabilization of the T‐state of human hemoglobin by proflavine, an antiseptic drug
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , Colasanti Marco , Fasano Mauro , Bertollini Alberto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of proflavine (3,6‐diaminoacridine), an antiseptic drug, on the spectroscopic and oxygen binding properties of ferrous human adult hemoglobin (Hb) has been investigated. Upon binding of proflavine to the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous human adult hemoglobin (HbNO), the X‐band EPR spectrum displays the characteristics which have been attributed to the T‐state of the ligated tetramer. In parallel, oxygen affinity for the deoxygenated derivative of ferrous human adult Hb decreases in the presence of proflavine. The effect of proflavine on the spectroscopic and ligand binding properties of ferrous human adult Hb is reminiscent that of 2,3‐D‐glycerate bisphosphate, the physiological modulator of Hb action.
Purification and partial characterization of a new proteolytic enzyme from the venom of Bothrops moojeni (Caissaca)
Authors: Oliveira F. , Rodrigues V. M. , Borges M. H. , Soares A. M. , Hamaguchi A. , Giglio J. R. , Homsi‐Brandeburgo M. I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA basic serine protease which is active on casein and fibrinogen was purified from Bothrops moojeni venom using a single step chromatography on a CM‐Sepharose fast flow column. The enzyme, MOO3, was not hemorrhagic and presented only a trace of blood‐clotting activity. Synthetic chromogenic substrates (azoacasein and azoalbumin) where not hydrolyzed by MOO3. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3, MOO3 showed as a single protein band. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide electrophoresis, MOO3 behaved as a single‐chain protein with an approximate mol. weight of 27,000, both in the presence and absence of β‐mercaptoethanol. Its pl was 7.8 by electrofocusing. The enzyme did not contain neutral carbohydrates and its N‐terminal amino acid was alanine. The amino acid composition showed 249 residues/mole, a high content of hydrophilic amino acids and 14 half‐cystine residues, which should account for 7 disulfide bonds. The protease cleaved the A‐α chain faster than the B‐β of bovine fibrinogen and showed no effect on the δ‐chain. Specific esterolytic activity of MOO3 on α‐N‐tosyl‐l‐arginine methyl ester was 29.64 μmol min‐1×mg‐1. MOO3 represented 1.42% (w/w) of the initial desiccated venom. Its proteolytic activity was inhibited by β‐mercaptoethanol, leupeptin, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and ethylenediamine tetraacetate.
Reactions of Heme Peroxidases with Peroxynitrite
Authors: Gebicka Lidia , Gebicki Jerzy L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe interaction of peroxynitrite, produced by ozonation of azide, with two heme peroxidases (horseradish peroxidase and lactoperoxidase) was studied. Enzymes retained full activity after incubation with peroxynitrite at neutral pH. Lactoperoxidase alone was found to catalyze peroxynitrite decomposition, whereas horseradish peroxidase accelerated peroxynitrite decomposition only in the presence of certain substrates. For example, in the presence of guaiacol the catalyzing effect was clear, but in the presence of trolox was only noticeable.
Oscillating politics and shifting agencies: equalities and diversity work and actor network theory
Authors: Hunter Shona , Swan Elaine 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe paper has two purposes: to introduce a new perspective on power and resistance in equalities work; and to trouble either or theorisations of success and failure in this work. Instead it offers a new means of exploring micro‐practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies/develops an “actor network theory” (ANT) analysis to a single case study of Iopia, a Black woman equalities practitioner working in a prison education context. It uses this to explore the ways in which Iopia interacts with a variety of human and non‐human objects to challenge racism in this context.FindingsIopia, from an initial position of marginality (as a Black woman experiencing racism) is able to establish herself (by virtue of this same identity as a Black woman combating racism) as central to a “new” network for equality and diversity. This new network both challenges and sustains narrow exclusionary definitions of diversity. Thus, Iopia's case provides an example of the contradictions, and paradox, experienced by those working for equality and diversity.Research limitations/implicationsIn the future, this type of feminist ANT analysis could be more fully developed and integrated with critical race and other critical cultural theories as these relate to equalities work.Practical implicationsThe approach, and, in particular, the notion of translation, can be used by practitioners in thinking through the ways in which they can use material objects to draw in multiple “others” into their own networks.Originality/valueThe article is one of the first to explore equalities workers via the lens of ANT. It is unique in its analysis of the material objects constituting both diversity workers and diversity work and thus its analysis of diversity workers and their work as part of a complex set of social and “material” relations.