bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of noninvasive blood pressure monitoring function of EDAN elite V5 patient monitor with reference invasive measurement according to the ISO 81060-2:2018 standard
Authors: Wan Yi , Li Duan , Chen Jin-Feng , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2024

Objective
To validate the noninvasive blood pressure monitoring function of the EDAN elite V5 patient monitor with reference invasive blood pressure monitoring equipment for clinical use in adults, adolescents or children according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 81060-2:2018 standard.

Methods
Patients were recruited, and the ipsilateral sequential method was used for blood pressure measurement according to the standard. The validation results were assessed following the protocol and the Bland–Altman scatterplot was used to show the difference between the test device and reference invasive blood pressure results.

Results
A total of 71 patients were included in the study, with 35 and 36 patients for each iFAST and iCUFS mode, respectively. The validation results showed an average device-reference difference of −3.27 ± 5.60 mmHg for SBP and −0.09 ± 6.10 mmHg for DBP for the iFAST mode, and −2.04 ± 5.55 mmHg for SBP and −0.79 ± 5.86 mmHg for DBP for the iCUFS mode, respectively, which passed the criteria of the ISO 81060-2 : 2018 in adults, adolescents or children population for both SBP and DBP.

Conclusion
The noninvasive blood pressure monitoring function of the EDAN elite V5 patient monitor passed all the requirements of ISO 81060-2:2018 and can be recommended for clinical use in adults, adolescents, or children.
Sex differences in the impact of body mass index on outcomes of coronary artery disease in Koreans
Authors: Kim Won-Jang , Lim Ha Jeong , Moon Jae Youn , Kim Sang-Hoon , Sung Jung-Hoon , Kim In Jai , Lim Sang-Wook , Cha Dong-Hun , Kang Se Hun 
Published: February 2024

Background
Obesity is often considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but recent studies have shown conflicting results regarding the effect of BMI on the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and clinical outcomes of CAD according to sex in a Korean population.

Methods
A total of 3476 patients with a significant CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. Patients were classified as follows according to BMI using the Asia–Pacific cutoff points: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥25 kg/m2) patients. Underweight and normal weight patients were further categorized into the lower BMI group, whereas overweight and obese patients were categorized into the higher BMI group. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results
Among women, the higher BMI group showed poor clinical features in the prevalence of hypertension and chest pain presentation, and among men, the higher BMI group had a significantly lower rate of chronic renal failure. At the end of the follow-up period (median 53.5 months), the all-cause mortality rate was lower in the higher BMI group in men, and cardiovascular death and stroke rates were significantly lower in the higher BMI group in women.

Conclusion
In Korean CAD patients treated with PCI, inverse correlations were observed between the clinical outcomes and BMI, but there were differences between men and women.
Has the time come for age-adapted glomerular filtration rate criteria to define chronic kidney disease: how soon is now?
Authors: Hundemer Gregory L. , Akbari Ayub , Sood Manish M. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
The conventional definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily relies on the identification of albuminuria or a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). For many years, a straightforward eGFR threshold of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 has been widely adopted as the standard for defining CKD. Nonetheless, this criterion fails to consider the natural aging process of the kidney, and this oversight may affect the accurate diagnosis of kidney disease particularly at the extremes of age.

Recent findings
The fixed eGFR threshold of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for defining CKD misses crucial opportunities for risk prevention. Studies have revealed that the eGFR threshold at which the risks for adverse long-term health outcomes such as mortality, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure begin to rise varies substantially by age. Specifically, this threshold is lower for the elderly and higher for young adults. Consequently, this results in the over-diagnosis of kidney disease in the elderly and the under-diagnosis of kidney disease in young adults.

Summary
To address these limitations of the current CKD definition, we discuss a number of proposed age-adapted eGFR criteria and weigh their pros and cons against the current, simple, and universally accepted approach.
New therapies for immunoglobulin A nephropathy: what's the standard of care in 2023?
Authors: Barr Bryce , Barbour Sean 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
As the most common primary glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is an important cause of kidney failure and mortality. Until recently, therapeutic options were limited. Fortunately, there have been numerous recent clinical trials demonstrating efficacy of new therapies in slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression at varying stages of disease.

Recent findings
The TESTING trial has provided high-quality evidence for slowing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline with a reduced-dose glucocorticoid regimen, while demonstrating an improved safety profile. Targeted-release budesonide represents a well tolerated therapy for reducing eGFR decline. Mycophenolate mofetil may reduce CKD progression in some populations, while hydroxychloroquine is efficacious in reducing proteinuria. Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors and sparsentan are effective therapies for CKD due to IgAN, but should not be used in lieu of disease-modifying immunosuppressive therapy. Many new therapies are approaching readiness for clinical use.

Summary
Numerous therapeutic options now exist and include disease-modifying and nephroprotective drugs. Identifying the right treatment for the right patient is now the clinical challenge and, with new drugs on the horizon, represents the primary unmet research need in this rapidly-developing field.
Updates on the clinical integration of point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric emergency medicine
Authors: Lee Michelle Sin , Sweetnam-Holmes Danielle , Soffer Gili Palnizky , Harel-Sterling Maya 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
There is expanding evidence for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use in pediatric emergency medicine – this review highlights the benefits and challenges in the clinical integration of high-yield POCUS applications. Specifically, it will delve into POCUS applications during resuscitations, controversies of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) in pediatric trauma, POCUS-guided procedures, and examples of clinical pathways where POCUS can expedite definitive care.

Recent findings
POCUS can enhance diagnostic accuracy and aid in management of pediatric patients in shock and help identify reversible causes during cardiac arrest. The use of the FAST in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma remains nuanced – its proper use requires an integration with clinical findings and an appreciation of its limitations. POCUS has been shown to enhance safety and efficacy of procedures such as nerve blocks, incision & drainage, and intravenous access. Integrating POCUS into pathways for conditions such as intussusception and testicular torsion expedites downstream care.

Summary
POCUS enhances diagnostic efficiency and management in pediatric patients arriving at the ED with undifferentiated shock, cardiac arrest, or trauma. Additionally, POCUS improves procedural success and safety, and is integral to clinical pathways for expediting definitive care for various pediatric emergencies. Future research should continue to focus on the impact of POCUS on patient outcomes, ensuring user competency, and the expansion of POCUS into diverse settings.
Ileocecal knotting as a rare cause of small bowel obstruction: a case report
Authors: Dallakoti Nishanta , Pant Ved Prakash , Pokhrel Nabin , Bhatta Prashant , Rana Vijay Kumar , Sah Rupesh Prasad 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Ileocecal knot syndrome, a rare cause of small bowel obstruction where the ileum wraps around the cecum, poses a significant challenge for preoperative diagnosis. Prompt intervention is crucial due to the risk of rapid bowel deterioration and increased mortality.

Case presentation:
A 45-year-old female presented with central abdominal pain associated with vomiting, abdominal distension, and obstipation. On examination, she was ill-looking with hypotension, tachycardia with a feeble pulse, direct and rebound abdominal tenderness, and absent bowel sounds. Aggressive fluid resuscitation was done. Based on the clinical presentation and abdominal radiograph suggestive of intestinal obstruction, an emergency exploratory laparotomy was done, which showed an ileocecal knot and 130 cm of gangrenous ileum. Peritoneal lavage followed by resection of non-viable ileum with double barrel ileostomy was done.

Discussion:
Ileosigmoid, appendico-ileal, ileoileal, and ileocecal knotting are the various types of intestinal knotting, with very few cases of ileocecal knotting being reported. Intestinal knotting causes severe bowel obstruction, resulting in reduced mucosal perfusion, progressive ischemia, and peritonitis, leading to high mortality. X-ray findings of multiple air-fluid levels are non-specific, and for definitive diagnosis, laparotomy is required. Assessing bowel viability before definitive surgery is essential. Despite positive outcomes, extensive resection can lead to malabsorption and ileus, with potential risk for developing short bowel syndrome.

Conclusion:
Despite its rarity, the possibility of ileocecal knotting should be considered in cases of small bowel obstruction due to its potential for rapid deterioration. Prompt resuscitation followed by emergency laparotomy is necessary to prevent mortality.
PET/CT in a 65-Year-Old Woman With Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor After Chemotherapy for Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Wu Chia-Shang , Wen Yu-Ching , Chen Wei-Yu , Chiou Tzeon-Jye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus–associated smooth muscle tumor (SMT) is an uncommon neoplasm. It arises mainly in 3 immunosuppression settings: HIV-associated SMT; drug-related immunosuppression in transplant recipients; and congenital immunodeficiency disorder–associated SMT. We present 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of an adrenal Epstein-Barr virus–associated SMT in a 65-year-old woman with a history of follicular lymphoma after chemotherapy.
Tuning a mechanical model to biological reality: A case study in the LaMSA system of the trap-jaw antStrumigenys
Authors: Anderson Philip S L , Jorge Justin F , Crofts Stephanie B , Castro Jackson T , Didcock Rosalie L , Cook Andrés , Larabee Fredrick J , Ilton Mark 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the relationship between morphology and movement in biomechanical systems, particularly those composed of multiple complex elements, presents challenges due to the nonlinear nature of the interaction between components. This study focuses on the mandibular closing mechanisms in ants, specifically comparing muscle-driven actuation (MDA) and latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA) in the genusStrumigenys. Analyzing 3D structural data from diverseStrumigenysspecies, we employ mathematical models for both LaMSA and MDA systems. Our findings reveal distinct patterns of mechanical sensitivity between the two models, with sensitivity varying across kinematic output metrics. We explore the performance transition between MDA and LaMSA systems by incorporating biological data and correlations between morphological parameters into the models. In these models tuned specifically toStrumigenys, we find the LaMSA mechanism outperforms MDA at small relative mandible mass. Notably, the location and abruptness of the performance transition differs among various kinematic performance metrics. Overall, this work contributes a novel approach to understanding form-function relationships in complex biomechanical systems. By using morphological data to calibrate a general biomechanical model for a particular group, it strikes a balance between simplicity and specificity and allows for conclusions that are uniquely tuned to the morphological characteristics of the group.
Multimodal classification of neurons in the lateral septum
Authors: Reid Christopher M. , Ren Yuqi , Xie Yajun , Garcίa Miguel Turrero , Tran Diana , Vu Steve , Liu Jonathan , Adam Manal A. , Hanson Sarah M. , Pisco Angela O. , Harwell Corey C. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe lateral septum (LS) is a nucleus in the ventral forebrain that modulates complex social and affective behaviors. Several distinct neuronal types have been described in the LS; however, the full extent of this cellular and molecular diversity remains unclear. We address this gap by profiling the transcriptional identity of mature LS neurons originating from two progenitor lineages defined by their anatomical location and expression of the transcription factorNkx2.1. We describe 12 molecularly distinct subtypes of LS neurons that fall into two main groups: those with a history ofNkx2.1expression and those without. We discovered that LS neurons from theNkx2.1lineage share an enrichment of select cell adhesion and communication molecules. Despite this, we found that LS neurons that have distinct developmental origins can exhibit significant transcriptional similarities. We then examined the spatial relationships among neurons in the LS, revealing that each subtype occupies a discrete anatomical domain. These anatomical domains are defined by graded patterns of gene expression that correlate with the molecular taxonomy of LS neuron subtypes and encode proteins involved in synaptic signaling. Lastly, we genetically labeled non-overlapping subgroups of LS neurons, and detailed their connective, morphological, and electrophysiological properties. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of neuronal heterogeneity in the LS, paving the way for future studies into how these neuronal types contribute to regulating emotional and motivated behaviors.
Across Thermal Scales: Quantized Thermodynamics, Nested Resonant Structures, and the Entropic Stability of Life
Authors: Baker Josh E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBiological systems are fundamentally containers of thermally fluctuating atoms that through unknown mechanisms are structurally layered across many thermal scales from atoms to amino acids to primary, secondary, and tertiary structures to functional proteins to functional macromolecular assemblies and up. Understanding how chemical thermodynamics sc ales across these layered structures is central to describing biological structure and function. Muscle – with chemical thermodynamics well-defined on two different thermal scales – provides a clear solution to this problem. In 1938, A.V. Hill made the extraordinary observation that the mechanics and chemistry of muscle contraction is defined independent of the structural components of muscle, implying that the mechanics and chemistry of myosin motor proteins within muscle do not classically scale up to muscle. We have demonstrated experimentally that thermal scaling bridges Hill’s top-down thermodynamics and the bottom-up philosophy of molecular biologists. That is, with thermal scalingNindividual myosin motor switches physically collapse into an ensemble ofNmyosin motor switches creating a functional entropy within the ensemble well defined by the statistical mechanics of a binary system of switches. This ensemble entropy stabilizes the resonant ensemble structure of muscle and energetically drives the irreversible kinetics and energetics of muscle contraction. Here I develop a general model of thermal scaling and show that it occurs when the ensemble state of a system is defined, at which point the number of ways constituent molecules can account for the ensemble state contributes to the entropy of the ensemble state. At that point, the statistical occupancy of molecular states physically replaces the physical occupancy of molecular states. This is not a classical mechanism and as shown here results in many quantum-like phenomena, which consistent with Hill’s observation means that biological function cannot be described by classical molecular mechanisms.
Non-canonical Metabolic and Molecular Effects of Calorie Restriction Are Revealed by Varying Temporal Conditions
Authors: Pak Heidi H. , Grossberg Allison N. , Sanderfoot Rachel R. , Babygirija Reji , Green Cara L. , Koller Mikaela , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Paredes Daniel A. , Lamming Dudley W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan and healthspan in diverse species. However, comparingad libitum(AL) and CR-fed mice is challenging due to their significantly different feeding patterns. CR-fed mice consume their daily meal in approximately 2 hours, subjecting themselves to a prolonged self-imposed fast each day. To gain deeper insights into the effects of CR, we conducted a comprehensive examination of how AL and CR-fed mice respond to tests performed at various times relative to the completion of their once-daily CR meal. Our findings reveal that many well-known effects of CR, including its impact on insulin sensitivity, result from the specific temporal conditions. CR animals exhibit a divergent response to insulin, and this response varies based on the time elapsed since the CR-fed mice consumed their food. Utilizing an unbiased metabolomics approach, we discovered that the effects of CR on circulating metabolites are heavily dependent upon the time-of-day and feeding regimen. Finally, while it is widely believed that CR functions in part by reducing activity of the kinase mTORC1, our study suggests that the observed differences in mTORC1 activity between AL and CR-fed mice are dependent upon both fasting duration and the specific tissue examined. Furthermore, we find that the metabolic effects of CR are independent of hepatic mTORC1. Our results shed new light on the physiological, metabolic, and molecular effects of a CR diet, and highlight that much of our understanding of the effects of CR are related to when, relative to feeding, we choose to examine the mice.
Delayed cerebrovascular dysfunction and social deficits after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Singh Aditya , Gong Steven , Vu Anh , Li Scott , Obenaus Andre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors face debilitating long-term psychosocial consequences, including social isolation and depression. Acute TBI modifies neurovascular physiology and behavior but a gap in our understanding are the chronic physiological implications of altered brain perfusion on behavioral activities, particularly social interactions.We investigated longitudinal functional vascular networks across the brain for 2-months post- TBI and its impact on social behavior. Adult C57/BL6 male mice received a moderate cortical TBI. Behavior (foot-fault, open-field, 3-chamber social preference) was assessed at baseline, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, and 60-days post injury (dpi) followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 9.4T). Anatomical MRI (T2-weighted), dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion weighted MRI (PWI) were acquired at each temporal epoch. After the final 60dpi MRI, animals underwent transcardial perfusion fixation to map angioarchitecture. MRI data were analyzed using standardized protocols followed by cross-correlations between social behavior, cerebral perfusion, and vascular metrics.Social behavior deficits at 60dpi emerged as reduced interaction with a familiar cage-mate (partner). We observed multiphasic decrements in cerebral blood flow (CBF) encompassing lesion and perilesional cortex where acute reductions at 3-14dpi partially recovered by 30dpi, followed by significant reductions in perfusion at 60dpi. The CBF perturbations extended antero-posteriorly from the ipsilateral TBI impact site but also adulterated contralateral brain regions. CBF reductions impacted regions known to regulate social behavior including hippocampus, hypothalamus, and rhinal cortex. Alongside perfusion deficits at 60dpi, social isolation in TBI-mice emerged with a significant decline in preference to spend time with a cage mate. Cortical vascular density was also reduced corroborating the decline in brain perfusion and social interaction.Thus, the novel temporal neurovascular loss, and subsequent recovery followed by chronic decrements are broadly reflected by social interaction perturbations. Our correlations strongly implicate a linkage between vascular density, cerebral perfusion, and social interactions, where early evaluation can potentially predict long-term outcomes. Thus, our study provides a clinically relevant timeline of alterations in functional vascular recovery that can guide research for future therapeutics.
A Scalable Optimization Algorithm for Solving the Beltway and Turnpike Problems with Uncertain Measurements
Authors: Elder C.S. , Hoang Minh , Ferdosi Mohsen , Kingsford Carl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Beltwayand Turnpikeproblems entail the reconstruction of circular and linear one-dimensional point sets from unordered pairwise distances. These problems arise in computational biology when the measurements provide distances but do not associate those distances with the entities that gave rise to them. Such applications include molecular structure determination, genomic sequencing, tandem mass spectrometry, and molecular error-correcting codes (since sequencing and mass spec technologies can give lengths or weights, usually without connecting them to endpoints). Practical algorithms for Turnpike are known when the distance measurements are accurate, but both problems become strongly NP-hard under any level of measurement uncertainty. This is problematic since all known applications experience some degree of uncertainty from uncontrollable factors. Traditional algorithms cope with this complexity by exploring a much larger solution space, leading to exponential blowup in terms of both time and space. To alleviate both issues, we propose a novel alternating optimization algorithm that can scale to large, uncertain distance sets with as many as 100,000 points. This algorithm is space and time-efficient, with each step running inO(mlog(m)) time and requiring onlyworking space for a distance set of sizem. Evaluations of this approach on synthetic and partial digest data showcase improved accuracy and scalability in the presence of uncertain, duplicated, and missing distances. Our implementation of the algorithm is available athttps://github.com/Kingsford-Group/turnpikesolvermm.