bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches for Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Retrospective Study of Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Guo Haitao , Jin Hongfu , Cheng Yuanyuan , Mei Yufeng , Li Hui , Vithran Djandan Tadum Arthur , Liu Shuguang , Li Jun 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveGiven the intricate challenges and potential complications associated with periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Our study aimed to compare the clinical and imaging benefits and drawbacks of two surgical approaches, the modified Stoppa combined iliac spine approach and the modified Smith–Peterson approach, for treating PAO and to provide guidance for selecting clinical approaches.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 56 patients with 62 DDHs was conducted from June 2018 to January 2022. The experimental group underwent surgery via the modified Stoppa combined iliac spine approach, while the control group underwent surgery via the modified Smith–Peterson approach for periacetabular osteotomy and internal fixation. Basic statistical parameters, including age, sex, BMI, and preoperative imaging data, were analyzed. Differences in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative imaging data were compared, as were differences in preoperative and postoperative imaging data between the two groups.ResultsThere were 28 hips in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the basic parameters between the experimental and control groups. Before and after the operation, for the LCE angle, ACE angle, and Tonnis angle, there was no significant difference in acetabular coverage (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the above four indicators before and after the operation (p < 0.05). After the operation, the experimental group exhibited significant increases in both lateral and anterior acetabular coverage of the femoral head. However, the experimental group had longer operation times and greater bleeding volumes than did the control group. Despite this, the experimental group demonstrated significant advantages in protecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compared to the control group.ConclusionThe modified Stoppa combined iliac spine approach can be considered a practical approach for PAO and is more suitable for patients with DDH who plan to be treated by one operation than the classic modified Smith–Peterson approach for PAO.
Adherence to adhesive patch electrocardiographic monitoring among adults with disabilities
Authors: Patrick Patricia A. , Flatley Andrew J. , Obermeyer Izel Steinmann , Lentnek Ian A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities (I/DD) are at a greater risk for atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. AF is associated with heart failure, stroke, poor mental health, and reduced quality of life. Management and treatment decisions are based on the ability to detect AF; however, noninvasive, remote cardiac monitoring may not be tolerated by individuals with I/DD.ObjectiveTo examine adherence to the placement of an ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring patch device by adult patients with I/DD.MethodsInvestigators extracted chart data from a consecutive series of adult patients (18 years+) who received the patch device as part of standard treatment at an adult health center between November 1, 2015 and October 31, 2019.ResultsA total of 95 patients were included in data analysis. Average age of subjects was 53.8 ± 13.9 years (range: 20.2–88.5); 66.7% were male. All subjects had intellectual disabilities as follows: mild, 37.9%; moderate, 29.5%; severe, 21.0%; and, profound, 11.6%. With a prescribed duration of 14 days, subjects wore the device a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 12.2 days (4.1–14.0); total analysis time was a median of 9.5 days (3.4–13.5). A total of 29 subjects (30.5%) received cardiac diagnoses not previously identified (median = 1 new diagnosis; range: 1–5).ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests the possible utility of an ambulatory monitoring patch device in an adult population with I/DD. Investigators recommend larger studies to confirm such preliminary findings to ultimately improve clinical management and patient quality of life.
PagARGOS promotes low‐lignin wood formation in poplar
Authors: Yao Xiaomin , Zhang Guifang , Zhang Geng , Sun Qian , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Jing Yanping , Niu Shihui , Fu Chunxiang , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Lin Jinxing , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2024

SummaryWood formation, which occurs mainly through secondary xylem development, is important not only for supplying raw material for the ‘ligno‐chemical’ industry but also for driving the storage of carbon. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the promotion of xylem formation remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that overexpression of Auxin‐Regulated Gene involved in Organ Size (ARGOS) in hybrid poplar 84 K (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa) enlarged organ size. In particular, PagARGOS promoted secondary growth of stems with increased xylem formation. To gain further insight into how PagARGOS regulates xylem development, we further carried out yeast two‐hybrid screening and identified that the auxin transporter WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1) interacts with PagARGOS. Overexpression of PagARGOS up‐regulated WAT1, activating a downstream auxin response promoting cambial cell division and xylem differentiation for wood formation. Moreover, overexpressing PagARGOS caused not only higher wood yield but also lower lignin content compared with wild‐type controls. PagARGOS is therefore a potential candidate gene for engineering fast‐growing and low‐lignin trees with improved biomass production.
Phototherapy for vitiligo: Quality and readability of online health information
Authors: Nayudu Krithika , Malik Rhea , Sanchez‐Melendez Stephanie , Hazen T. J. , Patil Mihir K. , Nambudiri Vinod E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground/PurposeVitiligo is a depigmenting disorder that affects up to 2% of the population. Due to the relatively high prevalence of this disease and its psychological impact on patients, decisions concerning treatment can be difficult. As patients increasingly seek health information online, the caliber of online health information (OHI) becomes crucial in patients' decisions regarding their care. We aimed to assess the quality and readability of OHI regarding phototherapy in the management of vitiligo.MethodsSimilar to previously published studies assessing OHI, we used 5 medical search terms as a proxy for online searches made by patients. Results for each search term were assessed using an enhanced DISCERN analysis, Health On the Net code of conduct (HONcode) accreditation guidelines, and several readability indices. The DISCERN analysis is a validated questionnaire used to assess the quality of OHI, while HONcode accreditation is a marker of site reliability.ResultsOf the 500 websites evaluated, 174 were HONcode‐accredited (35%). Mean DISCERN scores for all websites were 58.9% and 51.7% for website reliability and treatment sections, respectively. Additionally, 0/130 websites analyzed for readability scored at the NIH‐recommended sixth‐grade reading level.ConclusionThese analyses shed light on the shortcomings of OHI regarding phototherapy treatment for vitiligo, which could exacerbate disparities for patients who are already at higher risk of worse health outcomes.
Parliamentary questions, institutional change, and legislative oversight in a non‐Western context
Authors: Aboelwafa Tarek , Yaghi Abdulfattah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines how the Federal National Council (FNC), the parliament of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), transformed from a consultative body to a legislative institution through gradual and incremental changes. It argues that the increasing number of parliamentary questions led to legal, procedural, and behavioral changes in the FNC, influenced by external (government support and public pressure) and internal (rationality, competence, incrementalism, and system development) factors. The success of this transformation is attributed to its gradual nature. Anticipating continued momentum, the study outlines future prospects shaped by the UAE government's commitment to FNC empowerment, heightened public expectations, and the influx of educated and experienced individuals into parliamentary roles. This ongoing institutional change reflects a responsive adaptation to evolving governance demands in the UAE. The study contributes to the theory of institutions and the understanding of legislative oversight in newly liberalized political systems.Related ArticlesAntwi‐Boateng, Osman, and Noura Hamad Salim Al Jaberi. 2022. “The Post‐Oil Strategy of the UAE: An Examination of Diversification Strategies and Challenges.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 380–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12457.Jouini, Nizar, and Manel Ben Akal. 2022. “Political Consensus, Economic Reforms, and Democratic Transitions in the Middle East: Evidence from Voting on Tunisian Reform Bills.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 851–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12489.Sarquís, David J. 2012. “Democratization after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt's Political Transition.” Politics & Policy 40(5): 871–903. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x.
Five major themes in legislative committees' research between 2010 and 2023: A review
Authors: Ambasa Elijah , Otele Oscar M. , Onyango Gedion 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLegislative committees have recently received inadequate attention in the available interjurisdictional literature. This article in the 2024 Policy Studies Yearbook, published by Politics & Policy, reviews legislative committee data categories, methods, and the distribution of authorship to explore how legislative committee research has fared between 2010 and 2023. This review article establishes that since 2010, research on committee structure has been dominated by U.S. congressional theories and how to test them in noncongressional settings. The dominant aspect of legislative organization across the five reviewed themes is the selection of committee members, an essential aspect of understanding power dynamics in modern legislatures. As survey methods and case studies have increased, the archival analysis methods have decreased, indicating an increasing turn to first‐hand primary data in analyzing the internal organization of committees. There is also a growing trend toward greater collaboration among scholars.Related ArticlesJeong, Gyung‐Ho. 2016. “Electoral Rules and Bureaucratic Effectiveness.” Politics & Policy 44(6): 1089–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12184.Jones, Kate, and Kerry, Jacobs. 2009. “Public Accounts Committees, New Public Management, and Institutionalism: A Case Study.” Politics & Policy 39(5): 1023–46. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00209.x/abstract.Pelizzo, Riccardo and Abel Kinyondo. 2014. “Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 42(1), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12062.
All‐in‐one Xylella detection and identification: A nanopore sequencing‐compatible conventional PCR
Authors: Wong‐Bajracharya Johanna , Webster John , Rigano Luciano A. , Kant Pragya , Englezou Anna , Snijders Fridtjof , Roach Rebecca , Wang Cuiping , Kehoe Monica , Mann Rachel , Constable Fiona E. , Chapman Toni A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractXylella fastidiosa is a plant‐pathogenic bacterium that poses a serious threat to the production of economically important plant species including grapes, almonds, olives and a broad range of amenity plants, causing significant economic losses worldwide. While multiple molecular detection assays have been developed for X. fastidiosa, there is a lack of molecular tools available for detection and differentiation of the closely related pear pathogen, Xylella taiwanensis. In this study, we present a novel conventional PCR assay with primers that can amplify both Xylella species. The amplified product could be sequenced and used for discrimination between the two species and the subspecies within the fastidiosa species. This PCR assay was designed using a genome‐informed approach to target the ComEC/Rec2 gene of both Xylella species, ensuring a higher specificity than other previously developed PCR assays. A test performance study across five national plant diagnostic laboratories in Australia and New Zealand demonstrated this assay's high sensitivity and specificity to all known species and subspecies within the Xylella genus. This PCR assay can be used for Xylella identification at the species and subspecies level and is compatible with Sanger sequencing and nanopore sequencing for rapid turnaround time. The newly developed conventional PCR assay presented here offers rapid detection and accurate identification of both Xylella species from plant, insect vector or bacterial samples, enabling timely implementation of biosecurity measures or disease management responses.
Landscape‐scale patterns and predictors of potato viruses in Scotland
Authors: Skelsey Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVirus diseases represent important economic threats to seed potato production worldwide, yet relatively little is known of their epidemiology at the landscape‐scale. In this study, data was compiled from the Scottish national seed potato classification scheme on the incidence of 10 different potato viruses for the years 2009–2022. A co‐occurrence analysis identified that 12 virus species pairs occurred together more often than expected by chance, and potato blackleg was positively associated with eight potato viruses. ArcGIS was used to investigate spatial and spatiotemporal variation in incidence rates of the three most prevalent viruses (potato virus Y, potato leaf roll virus and potato virus A), and this revealed prominent geographic differences in long‐term disease outcomes. Focusing on potato virus Y as the most commonly occurring single infection, interpretable machine‐learning techniques were used to investigate the influence of key crop, management and environmental factors on patterns of incidence in space and time. The results showed that health characteristics of seed stocks were among the most important predictors of incidence, along with blackleg infection, several management features, cultivar resistance, distance to the nearest seed and ware crop, temperature variables and several soil features. This approach provides a comprehensive overview of potato viruses in Scotland, a deeper understanding of epidemiological risk factors at the landscape‐scale and a forecast model that could serve as the basis of a decision support tool for improved management of potato virus Y.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals the biosynthesis of flavonoids during the browning process of Malus sieversii explants
Authors: Yang Chen , Sun Nan , Qin Xin , Liu Yangbo , Sui Mengyi , Zhang Yawen , Hu Yanli , Mao Zhiquan , Chen Xuesen , Mao Yunfei , Shen Xiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMalus sieversii is a precious apple germplasm resource. Browning of explants is one of the most important factors limiting the survival rate of plant tissue culture. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the browning degree of different strains of Malus sieversii, we compared the dynamic changes of Malus sieversii and Malus robusta Rehd. during the whole browning process using a multi‐group method. A total of 44 048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis on the DNBSEQ‐T7 sequencing platform. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In addition, metabonomic analysis showed that (−)‐epicatechin, astragalin, chrysin, irigenin, isoquercitrin, naringenin, neobavaisoflavone and prunin exhibited different degrees of free radical scavenging ability in the tissue culture browning process, and their accumulation in different varieties led to differences in the browning degree among varieties. Comprehensive transcriptome and metabonomics analysis of the data related to flavonoid biosynthesis showed that PAL, 4CL, F3H, CYP73A, CHS, CHI, ANS, DFR and PGT1 were the key genes for flavonoid accumulation during browning. In addition, WGCNA analysis revealed a strong correlation between the known flavonoid structure genes and the selected transcriptional genes. Protein interaction predictions demonstrated that 19 transcription factors (7 MYBs and 12 bHLHs) and 8 flavonoid structural genes had targeted relationships. The results show that the interspecific differential expression of flavonoid genes is the key influencing factor of the difference in browning degree between Malus sieversii and Malus robusta Rehd., providing a theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.
Minimal power required to ascend a flight of stairs versus actual power measured with body‐fixed sensors in adults aged 19–85 years
Authors: Meulemans Lien , Seghers Jan , Hoorelbeke Annabel , Van Dijck Tinne , Delecluse Christophe , Van Roie Evelien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA good stair‐climbing (SC) ability is crucial for independent living in older adults. A simple formula that estimates the mean power needed to ascend a flight of stairs in a predetermined time (i.e., total ascent duration) is easy to implement in practice, but lacks information on actual power values generated per step. The latter is possible with body‐fixed sensors. This study aimed at comparing both methodologies and investigating their sensitivity to detect age‐related differences. 318 participants (162 ♀; age 19–85 years) were tested on a 6‐step staircase and two methodologies were used to estimate mean SC power: (1) a body‐fixed sensor with automated detection of power production per step, and (2) a mathematic equation based on timed ascent duration, body mass and stair height. SC power was 210.4 W lower with formula compared to sensor, lower in women versus men and in older versus young adults (p < 0.001). The difference in SC power between sensor and formula was greater in individuals with better performance (i.e., men and young adults) (p < 0.001), indicating a ceiling effect of the formula in well‐functioning and younger individuals. Likewise, ICC's between both methodologies showed poor reliability in people aged <65 years (0.087–0.363) and moderate to good reliability in people aged ≥65 years (0.453–0.780). To conclude, participants with better SC performance are able to largely overshoot the minimal power required to ascend the stairs in a certain duration. This makes the sensor more sensitive to identify early age‐related differences compared to the formula.
Are the ground reaction forces altered by the curve and with the increasing sprinting velocity?
Authors: Millot Benjamin , Pradon Didier , Cecchelli Giuseppe , Blache Paul , Arnould Axelle , Dinu Daniel , Slawinski Jean 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 200‐ and 400‐m races, 58% of the total distance to cover is in the curve. In the curve, the sprinting performance is decreased in comparison to the straight. However, the reasons for this decreased performance is not well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the kinetic parameters underpinning the sprinting performance in the curve in comparison to the straight. Nineteen experienced‐to‐elite curve specialists performed five sprints in the straight and in the curve (radius 41.58 m): 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m. The left and the right vertical, anterior–posterior, medial‐lateral, and resultant ground reaction forces (respectively , , , and ), the associated impulses (respectively , , , and ) and the stance times of each side were averaged over each distance. In the curve, the time to cover the 40‐m sprint was longer than in the straight (5.52 ± 0.25 vs. 5.47 ± 0.23 s, respectively). Additionally, the left and the right and were lower than in the straight while the left and the right increased, meaning that the was more medial. The left was also lower than in the straight while the left stance times increased to keep the left similar to the straight to maintain the subsequent swing time. Overall, the sprinting performance was reduced in the curve due to a reduction in the left and the right and , that were likely attributed to the concomitant increased to adopt a curvilinear motion.
Racism in the “colony”: Towards appreciating race fluidity and racialization in social psychology of racism
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRace is a significant means through which individuals and groups relate to each other. A problematic instance of its significance is colonialism and all the destruction it brought with it. In this paper, I explore how knowledge about race and racism from settings that were erstwhile colonized can enrich current understandings and approaches to studying race and racism in social psychology. I advance the possibility of mutual learning and sharing of theoretical and methodological practices for researchers who examine race and racism in colonizing or settler‐colonial settings and those in erstwhile colonized settings. I do so by first, locating the centrality of Whiteness for the very development of race categories and the shaping of psychology as a discipline. Second, I discuss how race and racism are examined in (primarily) Euro‐American contexts, with a focus on engagement with Whiteness by Critical Race Psychologists and social constructionist researchers. Third, I outline alternative ways of engaging with race and race categories identified in erstwhile colonized places. I end with how this latter informs our understandings of race and racism, and possibilities for mutual learning.
The genomic and enzymatic basis for iridoid biosynthesis in cat thyme (Teucrium marum)
Authors: Smit Samuel J. , Ayten Sefa , Radzikowska Barbara A. , Hamilton John P. , Langer Swen , Unsworth William P. , Larson Tony R. , Buell C. Robin , Lichman Benjamin R. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYIridoids are non‐canonical monoterpenoids produced by both insects and plants. An example is the cat‐attracting and insect‐repelling volatile iridoid nepetalactone, produced by Nepeta sp. (catmint) and aphids. Recently, both nepetalactone biosynthetic pathways were elucidated, showing a remarkable convergent evolution. The iridoid, dolichodial, produced by Teucrium marum (cat thyme) and multiple insect species, has highly similar properties to nepetalactone but its biosynthetic origin remains unknown. We set out to determine the genomic, enzymatic, and evolutionary basis of iridoid biosynthesis in T. marum. First, we generated a de novo chromosome‐scale genome assembly for T. marum using Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and proximity‐by‐ligation Hi‐C reads. The 610.3 Mb assembly spans 15 pseudomolecules with a 32.9 Mb N50 scaffold size. This enabled identification of iridoid biosynthetic genes, whose roles were verified via activity assays. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the evolutionary history of T. marum iridoid synthase, the iridoid scaffold‐forming enzyme, is not orthologous to typical iridoid synthases but is derived from its conserved paralog. We discovered an enzymatic route from nepetalactol to diverse iridoids through the coupled activity of an iridoid oxidase cytochrome P450 and acetyltransferases, via an inferred acylated intermediate. This work provides a genomic resource for specialized metabolite research in mints and demonstration of the role of acetylation in T. marum iridoid diversity. This work will enable future biocatalytic or biosynthetic production of potent insect repellents, as well as comparative studies into iridoid biosynthesis in insects.