bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anreicherung von Metallionen durch Membranfiltration von Polyelektrolytkomplexen
Authors: Schumann G. , Kümmel R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe separation of heavy metals by complexation with macromolecular water‐soluble agents and subsequent ultrafiltration is described. The method can be expected to join common techniques of metal separation like liquid‐liquid extraction, adsorption, redox reaction or liquid membrane permeation. Reactions between metal ions and polymer phases are characterized as pH‐dependent distribution equilibria illustrated at a propene‐maleic acid copolymer as an example. The complexation behaviour of the substance under study is governed by isotherms of the saturation type. Attempts proved to be successful to calculate break‐through constants as well as saturation capacities from batch‐type studies and dynamic measurements by transferring the laws of adsorption and ion exchange, respectively, to the ultrafiltration process. The quantities of fixed metals amounting to about 2.5 mmol/g were found to be in the range of moderate adsorbents. A solution consisting of 3 solutes has been tested to get more detailed information on mixture behaviour as compared to single component systems. In the long run, the proposed method should provide an additional variant for the extraction and concentration of metal ions from diluted aqueous solutions.
Untersuchungen zur Einzel‐ und Gemischadsorption von Phenolen an Aktivkohlen. Teil 3: Zur pH‐Abhängigkeit der Adsorptionsgleichgewichte
Authors: Worch E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to describe the adsorption of dissociating substances, initially the adsorption isotherms for the borderline cases of undissociated and dissociated substances are experimentally determined. With the aid of the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAS Theory) then the calculation is successfully performed for pH‐values at which both forms are present side by side. As examples, the systems phenol/activated carbon and p‐chlorophenol/activated carbon are examined, and they show a good agreement between calculation and measurement.
Histopathological Changes Induced by Pentachlorophenol and Sodium Pentachlorophenate in the Mantle of the Freshwater Snail Viviparus bengalensis (L.)
Authors: Gupta P. K. , Durve V. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe freshwater pondsnail Viviparus bengalensis (LINNAEUS) was exposed to sublethal concentrations of pentachlorophenol (1.561 mg/l) and sodium pentachlorophenate (0.991 mg/l). Both the chemicals caused considerable damage in the mantle of the snail. Their toxic effects included shrinkage and elongation of epithelial cells, the cells losing contact with each other, resulting in the formation of intercellular spaces, enlargement of nuclei, shrinkage of the basement layer and loss of shape of polygonal cells of connective tissue.
Untersuchungen über den Harnstoffeintrag in das Badewasser
Authors: Gunkel K. , Jessen H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs investigations carried out in an immersion basin of a sauna, with rinsed‐off sweat and in indoor and outdoor swimming‐baths have shown, from the total of 702 ± 529 mg/urea released per bather there are released 37.06 ± 24.75 mg through the skin into water; hence a urine introduction of 30 … 35 ml per bather resulting. The urea concentration in the bathing water does not show any correlation with the NH+4‐concentration and the COD‐Mn. Although urea‐degrading bacteria are present with concentrations of up to 1 ± 105 colonies/ml, there does not occur any enzymatic decomposition of urea in the bathing water. Nitrification was not detected in the bathing water, either. The use of urea as a hygienic quality criterion for bathing water is not regarded as necessary: the determination of the NH+4‐concentration suffices as an indicator of the pollution with faecal matter and the bound effective chlorine.
The Nature of sediments in some wetlands
Authors: Handoo J. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive wetlands of temporary‐shallow, temporary‐deep and permanent‐deep types, falling in the inland, channel or stream and riverine drainage basins were studied for their sediment, chemical and textural composition. The content of clay was maximum in the inland type as against the higher content of silt and sand at the channel and riverine sites, respectively. Among the various sediment fractions only the silt particles were distributed along depth gradients. Clay particles were positively correlated with the phosphorus content only, while the organic carbon content was correlated with the levels of calcium and nitrogen in the sediments. Calcium was also positively related to phosphorus, while correlations between all other elements were insignificant. It is concluded that the hydrolytic regime is the major factor determining the nature of wetland sediments.
Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Sestons in inneren Küstengewässern der DDR (Darß–Zingster Boddengewässer, südliche Ostsee)
Authors: Georgi F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigations were made on 27 seston samples of the years of 1978, 1979 and of the first half‐year of 1982 from a station in the Zingster Strom. The mean contents – as mg/g dry matter – are: ash‐free dry matter 569, Ctotal 284, Cinorg. 14, Ntotal 29, Ptotal 3.6, FeHCl‐soluble 13. From them resulted the following weight quotients: C : N = 9.9 ± 2.4, C : P = 83 ± 21, N : P = 8.4 ± 1.8, Fe : P = 3.6 ± 1.0. The mean proportion of carbohydrate and the mean protein content amount to 170 and 180 mg/g, resp., dry matter. All parameters show pronounced dependences on seasonal and hydrographic situations, mainly the effects of wind on the very shallow water being of primary importance to the distribution and nature of seston.
Adsorption Behaviour of Low‐Biodegradable Organics on Activated Carbon Surfaces
Authors: Kümmel R. , Kühne C. , Pitter P. , Grau P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdsorption isotherms of various low‐biodegradable aromatic compounds on two different activated carbons were determined experimentally and described by FREUNDLICH‐type isotherm equations. The equilibrium solid loadings derived from the measurements correlate reasonably well with the adsorbent surface areas and show decreasing values in the order 3‐nitro‐aniline ∼ 4‐chloroaniline > 3.5‐dinitrobenzoic acid < phenylurea. Kinetic experiments in a differential column batch reactor were conducted in order to evaluate liquid‐phase mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion parameters. The homogeneous surface diffusion model could be successfully applied for calculating surface diffusivities and predicting experimental concentration/time profiles.
Seasonal Variations of Phytoplankton in a Series of Waste Treatment Lagoons (Chimkent, Central Asia) Part 2: Distribution of Phytoplankton Numbers and Biomass
Authors: Ergashev A. E. , Tajiev Sh. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report gives a detailed description of the distribution of phytoplankton numbers and biomass in the Chimkent waste treatment lagoons. The increase in phytoplankton numbers and biomass is accounted for by the effect of ecological factors. The maximum increase in phytoplankton numbers in lagoons examined is recorded in summer when members of Chlorophyta are dominant; its minimum level is observed in winter duo to the low water temperature and irradiance.
Vergleichende aquatoxikologische Ergebnisse mit ausgewählten Wasserschadstoff‐Gruppen und repräsentativen Wasserorganismen
Authors: Tscheu‐Schlüter M. , Skibba W. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSalmo gairdneri, Cyprinus carpio, Poecilia reticulata, Leuciscus idus melanotus, Asellus aquaticus, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Monoraphidium griffithii were exposed to four growth regulating herbicides, four photosynthesis toxicants, lindane, an anionactive tenside, KCN and Na3[Cu(CN)4] in standardized toxicity tests. The biochemical degradability of the substances was tested with activated sludge. In order to test the possible effects in waters there should be used Salmo for the oligosaprobic zone. Poecilia as well as Ankistrodesmus and Monoraphidium provide reliable estimations for β‐mesosaprobic waters. With respect to the longer‐term permission of plant protection products, besides Salmo there can be recommended also Leuciscus.
Effect of Parthenium Extract on the Metabolism of Young Colisa Fasciatus (BL. and SCHN.) (Pisces, Perciformes)
Authors: Prasad M. S. , Haider Z. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParthenium hysterophorus seed extract possesses the potentiality to alter the fish metabolism. Lower concentrations (sublethal) of the seed extract stimulate the respiratory muscles, resulting in an increased rate of O2 uptake, whereas higher concentrations (lethal) exhibit a neuro‐toxic effect causing paralysis of the respiratory muscles manifested by a decreased rate of O2 uptake, cessation of the respiratory pumps and casualty by asphyxiation. The seed extract also inhibits the activity of the enzymes SDH and carbonic anhydrase at the gas exchange sites.The log/log plotting of the O2 uptake (mg/h) and the exposure period (2, 6, 12, 24, 72 and 168 h) showed slope values of 0.0744, 0.0778, 0.0322 and 0.0164, respectively, in four concentrations (10, 20, 25 and 30 %) of Parthenium extract.
Testacea (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) in the Epilithion of the Lotic Stretch of Running Waters of Different Degrees of Saprobity (Czechoslovakia)
Authors: Opravilová V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1976 to 1981 Testacea were followed in the epilithion of the lotic stretch of running waters of different degrees of saprobity. 225 samples were processed altogether; 56 taxa and 1859 individuals were found in them. For the individual degrees of saprobity the index of species diversity (H') was calculated as well as the index of saprobity (S). Most taxa and individuals were found in the beta‐mesosaprobic degree. The following may be considered characteristic species for the oligosaprobic degree: Centropyxis sylvatica and Cyphoderia ampulla. For the beta‐mesosaprobic degree they are Centropyxis aculeata, Euglypha acanthophora and Trinema lineare. Other species cannot be considered to be realiable indicators.
Effect of a Sublethal Concentration of Zinc Sulphate on the Growth Rate of Fingerlings of Channa punctatus (Bloch), a Freshwater Murrel
Authors: Shukla J. P. , Pandey K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFingerlings of Channa punctatus are exposed to 12 mg/l zinc sulphate for 31 d at daily feeding. From the 19th day a significant decrease of growth (increase of weight) by 7 … 8 % as compared with the untreated control fishes was found. After exposure for 30 d the RNA‐ and protein‐contents of the muscles are lower by 10 and 13 %, respectively.
Zur Adsorptionsbehandlung von Abwässern eines pharmazeutischen Betriebes
Authors: Walther H.‐J. , Weidensdörfer J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe activity of two adsorbent polymers on the basis of polystyrene and of an activated carbon for the removal of organochlorine substances as well as of substances which are characterized by the COD‐Cr or the ultraviolet absorption in the wastewater of a pharmaceutical enterprise is assessed in batch and filtration experiments. The results show a good take‐up of the organochlorine compounds by the polymers. Activated carbon showed partially the best values for process wastewater.
Zur Bestimmung des gesamten anorganischen Kohlenstoffes in natürlichen Gewässern durch Titration mit Salzsäure
Authors: Gelbrecht J. , Henrion G. , Henrion R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe knowledge of total inorganic carbon concentration (c) is important for characterizing natural waters. It is usually measured by the titration alkalinity (“m‐value”) and pH which depend on temperature and ionic strength. This paper demonstrates that Ca (and Mg) can influence the calculation of from titration alkalinity, too. Errors result from neglecting this influence. In such cases the share of ion pair CaCO amounts to more than 50 % of . General relationships among the influencing factors are given by tables calculated with the help of a BASIC computer programme for calculation from titration alkalinity, pH and Ca concentration.
Wasserlösliche Huminstoffe in Wässern einiger Kiestagebaue der DDR
Authors: Weise G. , Sohr H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter an explanation of the complex composition of the system of humic substances, some gravel deposits are described from whose open‐pit boundaries there were taken water samples, their content of components of humic matter having been determined. Since spectroscopic analysis techniques yield spectra which are difficult to analyse and have a relatively low detection sensitivity, an indirect polarographic method was applied by which water‐soluble humic substances can be determined very selectively down to a lower limit of 5 μg/1. Thus, enrichment in water or in adsorbing columns is not required. From the results found there are derived several statements concerning the occurrence of humic substances and fulvic acids in waters and conclusions about the possible influence on the hardening of concrete are given.
Seasonal Variation of Temperature, Alkalinity and Dissolved Oxygen in the Sagar Lake
Authors: Thakur S. S. , Bais V. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study deals with the seasonal variation of temperature, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen in the Sagar lake. Different abiotic and biotic factors were investigated and a diurnal study was made, too. The investigation shows that the surface water values were always higher than the bottom water values. The water temperature ranged from 16.0 to 31.0 °C, carbonate alkalinity ranged from 0.0 to 46.0 mg/1, bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 62.0 to 138.0 mg/1, dissolved oxygen ranged between 1.6 and 13.2 ppm.The water temperature was found to be positively correlated with carbonate alkalinity while an inverse correlation existed with bicarbonate alkalinity. Dissolved oxygen had a significant positive correlation with carbonate alkalinity, while a negative correlation was observed with bicarbonate alkalinity during all the seasons.
Der Einfluß eines submersen Makrophytenrasens auf den pelagischen Stoffhaushalt im See
Authors: Mothes G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophytes compete with planktonic algae directly for nutrients which are solved in the pelagic region and impede the planktonic algae development indirectly by increasing sedimentation in the macrophyte populations and by reducing the supply of littoral detritus into the deeper zones of the lake by whirling‐up in the period of vegetation, This leads to a reduced release of nutrients from the sediment and to the promotion of the development of a coenosis in the littoral zone living on pelagic seston. Therefore, waters with an extensive macrophyte vegetation have a relatively good water quality. By the artificial removal of macrophytes the planktonic coenosis is changed as by a measure of eutrophication.
Acute Toxicity of Sodium Nitrite on Channa punctatus (BLOCH) and Mystus (Mystus) vittatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Ansari I. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the toxicity of sodium nitrite to freshwater fishes, Channa punctatus (BL.) and Mystus (M). vittatus (Bl.) as to determine the acute toxicity. The LC 50 values were obtained by using a static bioassay method for a period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour intervals. The LC 50 values of sodium nitrite for C. punctatus were 375, 325, 250 and 200 ppm and for M. (M). vittatus 164, 140, 90 and 64 ppm, respectively. A profuse mucus secretion was evident at higher concentrations as compared to lower ones. The probable causes of mortality of the fishes are also discussed.
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part 6: On Possibilities of Using o‐ and p‐Diphenols as Pesticides
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA brief discussion is suggested of a possibility of employing in the practice of the analyses results on the combined action of phenols described in the preceeding parts of the work and of the interaction of the increased toxicity of phenolic compounds with the processes of their oxidation.
The Biological Quality of the Water of the Czechoslovak Part of the Oder River
Authors: Simanov L. , Kantorek J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biology and purity of the water in three profiles of the Oder River in its upper stream on the Czechoslovak territory were investigated in the course of 1979… 1980. Zoobenthos, physical and chemical parametres, and microbiological germs were analysed. The bioseston was considered only briefly. On the basis of the presented material the Oder enters the Ostrava industrial agglomeration as a betamesosaprobic stream (Class I b of water purity), in spite of the fact that many sources of pollution can be found in this section of the river. Physical and chemical parameters can be assessed in a similar way. The Oder River belongs to Class III of water purity according to microbiological ratings.
The Uptake of Phosphate Ions by the Alga Hydrodictyon reticulatum
Authors: Starý J. , Kratzer K. , Zeman A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uptake of orthophosphate has been studied in order to determine the chemical forms of intracellular phosphorus. It was found that the concentration of the main species–orthophosphate and acid hydrolyzable phosphorus–changed in dependence on experimental conditions. The highest uptake of orthophosphate was observed in the neutral medium in the presence of nitrate or ammonium ions in the light, whereas the uptake in the dark was negligible. The uptake of orthophosphate was found to be connected with the transport of alkali metals or ammonium ions into the cell. The rate of the uptake of orthophosphate was compared with that of nitrite, nitrate and ammonium ions.
Die Anwendung von Clusteranalysen zum Mustervergleich – BASIC‐Programmierung der Potentialmethode CLUPOT
Authors: Henrion A. , Henrion R. , Henrion G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe method of cluster analysis as a means for the structuring, classification and interpretation of multivariate data is represented in a survey of hierarchical and non‐hierarchical procedures. The non‐hierarchical potential method CLUPOT is described in a BASIC program and applied to the example of the daily variations of the heavy‐metal concentrations in wastewater.
Biocenotical Classification of the Lithorheophilous Communities in the Karst Running Waters According to the Macro Benthic Fauna
Authors: Habdija I. , Primc B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the biocenotical structure of the macro benthic fauna in lithorheophilous communities of karst rivers. A lithorheophilous community on different types of stony substrate was biocenotically defined on the basis of population density and determination of the index of dominance for particular representatives. Accepting today's limnological and biocenotical classifications of running waters (SHADIN; ILLIES; STEFFAN; WACHS) a lithorheophilous community in this work is taken as a choriocenosis (“Teilbiozönose”) which is a composite bio‐association of rhithron eco‐biocenosis.The qualitative and quantitative analysis of macrozoobenthos samples indicates a mosaic structure of lithorheophilous choriocenosis. Six subordinated bio‐associations were determined on the basis of dominant representatives of macro benthic fauna on four types of stony substrate in lithorheophilous choriocenosis, which is biocenotically defined as Gammaretum‐community.
Diversity as a Measure of Water Pollution and an Aid for Biological Water Analysis
Authors: Verma S. R. , Sharma A. K. , Goel D. P. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract– Five aquatic ecosystems, Yamuna river, Krishna river Eastern Kalinadi, Kadrabad drain and Peacock lake have been studied with reference to diversity and physico‐chemical characteristics and biological indices.– A list of species have been selected with reference to polluted, mildly polluted or unpolluted water conditions. Though it is difficult to call any species strictly indicator species, certain species of Bacillariophyceae, bottom biota and Entomostraca can be regarded as indicative species.– The quantitative distributions of the species of different groups have been analysed statistically. Margalef's Community Diversity Index (d), Shannon Weaver Function, coefficient of rank correlation and partial and multiple correlation coefficient were calculated as to find out the order of precedence in different taxonomical groups.– The linear regression against BOD and the whole biocenosis were calculated, which indicate the relation as diversity d=6.7854 –0.0080 BOD±0.9695 where r2= B=0.7365. Similarly, multiple linear regressions were also calculated using diversity against BOD, pH and temperature for each aquatic ecosystem.– All these observations indicate that diversity of organisms can be used to measure the water pollution intensity.
Seasonal, Diurnal and Sectoral Changes in Physico‐chemical Properties of Soil and Water of the Dighali Beel in Assam
Authors: Singh R. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of the soil and water of the beel indicated that the sectors' content of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron was dependent on the seasons. The soil was acidic in nature with a high content of organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium and iron and a low content of phosphorus. Air and water temperatures, pH, D.O. and oxygen saturation percentage increased during day hours and decreased during night hours. Carbon dioxide was high during night hours. The water temperature showed a positive correlation with air temperature, pH, D.O., bicarbonate and oxygen saturation percentage and a negative one with carbon dioxide. The plankton population showed an inverse relationship with phosphorus.
Effects of Dimiline upon the Second Generation of Hydra vulgaris
Authors: Kalafatić M. , Žnidarić D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHydras whose mother individuals were treated with 0.05 % and 0.06 % dimiline solution respectively developed nearly an equal number of buds as mother individuals of the control. Therefore, dimiline does not exert a major influence upon the intensity and morphogenesis of buds in the second generation.
Stabilization Ponds Design as a function of Organic Removal Coefficient (K1)
Authors: Córdoba L. Travieso , Bechegoyen F. Benitez 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effluent from biological treatment plants of cane sugar factories undergoes a final purification in laboratory models with a Chlorella culture at volume loads of 76… 325 mg/l. d BOD5 or 121… 555 mg/l‐d COD. The coefficient of removal on the basis of BOD5 is found to be linearly negatively correlated with the retention time, but independent of the substrate concentration and composition as well as of the pre‐treatment of the wastewaters (aerobic or anaerobic). A dimensioning on the basis of the COD is not possible because of the high phytoplankton content in the effluent of the ponds.
Indicator Value of Freshwater Oligochaeta
Authors: Uzunov J. , Košel V. , Sládeček V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor 113 species of Oligochaeta living in Europaean freshwaters data on the saprobic valence, the indicative weight of species and the individual saprobic index were given. The big majority of Oligochaeta is hardly determinable and needs special morphological and anatomical studies. The few easily recognizable species were figured. Oligochaeta show a relatively wide ecological valence so that their application for determining the degree of saprobity should be coupled with the specific determination of the other members of the benthic community.