bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different sample preparation methods combined with LC–MS/MS and LC–UV for determination of some furocoumarin compounds in products containing citruses
Authors: Prosen Helena , Kočar Drago 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFurocoumarins are a group of naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds synthesized by different plants (mainly Citrus species). They have several physiological effects, e.g. photoreactivity and inhibition of intestinal and liver drug metabolism, which imply the need to control their concentration in products intended for human use. We tested different sample preparation approaches and LC with different detection modes: UV, APCI–MS/MS and ESI–MS/MS for the determination of bergapten (BGPT) and bergamottin (BGMT) in different samples of beverages and cosmetics. Direct injection of sample solutions was applicable only for essential oils, while liquid–liquid extraction proved to be time‐consuming and unsuitable for our samples. Solid‐phase extraction with a preconcentration factor of 20 yielded repeatable recoveries for aqueous solutions (97.4% for BGPT, 64.6% for BGMT) and the concentration range was > 0.1 mg/l for UV detection and 2–1000 µg/l for MS/MS detection. Results of sample analysis indicated some problems connected both to detection and the extraction. The standard addition method for quantification yielded the most reliable results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of flavour esters using free Candida antarctica lipase B in ionic liquids
Authors: de los Ríos A. P. , Hernández‐Fernández F. J. , Tomás‐Alonso F. , Gómez D. , Víllora G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe enzymatic synthesis of flavour esters by trans‐esterification from vinyl esters and alcohols catalysed by free Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) in ionic liquids has been studied. The influence of different parameters, such us pH, temperature and ionic liquid nature, on activity and selectivity has been carefully analysed, using as reaction model the synthesis of butyl butanoate. Finally, a broad range of flavour esters were sucessfully synthesized using the optimal operation conditions previously established. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalar BEKK and indirect DCC
Authors: Caporin Massimiliano , McAleer Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe paper derives the scalar special case of the well‐known BEKK multivariate GARCH model using a multivariate extension of the random coefficient autoregressive (RCA) model. This representation establishes the relevant structural and asymptotic properties of the scalar BEKK model using the theoretical results available in the literature for general multivariate GARCH. Sufficient conditions for the (direct) DCC model to be consistent with a scalar BEKK representation are established. Moreover, an indirect DCC model that is consistent with the scalar BEKK representation is obtained, and is compared with the direct DCC model using an empirical example. The paper shows, within an asset allocation and risk measurement framework, that the two models are similar in terms of providing parameter estimates and forecasting value‐at‐risk thresholds for equally weighted and minimum variance portfolios. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elders with first psychiatric hospitalization for depression
Authors: Choi Sunha , Rozario Philip , Morrow‐Howell Nancy , Proctor Enola 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the first psychiatric hospitalization episode of older adults with depression. The purpose of this study is to describe the proportion and characteristics of first‐time inpatients admitted for late‐life depression.MethodsGuided by the Network Episode Model and the Andersen model, this study identifies and compares the characteristics of depressed older adults with (n = 108) and those without (n = 77) prior psychiatric hospitalization, upon admission into the geropsychiatric unit, using logistic regression. Data on a lifetime history of inpatient psychiatric treatment, clinical characteristics, demographics, social resources, and psychosocial/medical service use were obtained from patients' medical records and self‐reports.ResultsCompared with patients who had prior psychiatric admission, first‐time inpatients were associated with having: (1) late‐onset depression (OR = 14.99); (2) no lifetime psychotic symptoms (OR = 0.21); (3) lower scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) at admission (OR = 0.96); (4) higher numbers of doctors seen (OR = 1.46); and (5) lower use of senior centers 6 months prior to the admission (OR = 0.12).ConclusionsDepressed older adults' prior psychiatric inpatient service utilization is closely related to their past and current psychiatric needs. Also, the two groups show significant differences in health and social service use prior to the psychiatric hospitalization. However, severity of depression at admission was not different. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of a training program for carers to recognize depression among older people
Authors: McCabe Marita P. , Russo Sarah , Mellor David , Davison Tanya E. , George Kuruvilla 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveDepression is a mental disorder that is frequently not detected among older people. The current study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program to assist carers to better recognize depression among older people in both community and residential care settings.MethodsIn total, 52 professional carers (26 in community care, 26 in residential care) across a range of occupations completed a four session (for personal care attendants) or six session (for registered nurses or managers) training program. The program provided training for staff to identify and respond appropriately to signs of depression. In addition, nurses and managers were trained on the use of screening tools and referral processes. Outcomes were evaluated at post‐test, and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe results demonstrated that for all groups training was effective in increasing carers' knowledge of depression and self‐efficacy in detecting depression, as well as reducing the barriers to care at both post‐test and 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsThe training program evaluated in the current study was effective in increasing the level of skills necessary for care staff to better detect depression among older people in both community and residential care settings. Further research is needed to determine if these improved skills are sustained over time, and if they actually improve the level of recognition of depression among older people. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Growth inhibition by receptor activation
Authors: Gustafsson Kristin , Wang Xiao , Severa Denise , Eriksson Maeve , Kimby Eva , Merup Mats , Christensson Birger , Flygare Jenny , Sander Birgitta 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEndogenous and synthetic cannabinoids exert antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in various types of cancer and in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In this study, we evaluated the expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 (CB1 and CB2) in non‐Hodgkin lymphomas of B cell type (n = 62). A majority of the lymphomas expressed higher mRNA levels of CB1 and/or CB2 as compared to reactive lymphoid tissue. With the exception of MCL, which uniformly overexpresses both CB1 and CB2, the levels of cannabinoid receptors within other lymphoma entities were highly variable, ranging from 0.1 to 224 times the expression in reactive lymph nodes. Low levels of the splice variant CB1a, previously shown to have a different affinity for cannabinoids than CB1, were detected in 44% of the lymphomas, while CB1b expression was not detected. In functional studies using MCL, Burkitt lymphoma (BL), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and plasma cell leukemia cell lines, the stable anandamide analog R(+)‐methanandamide (R(+)‐MA) induced cell death only in MCL and CLL cells, which overexpressed both cannabinoid receptors, but not in BL. In vivo treatment with R(+)‐MA caused a significant reduction of tumor size and mitotic index in mice xenografted with human MCL. Together, our results suggest that therapies using cannabinoid receptor ligands will have efficiency in reducing tumor burden in malignant lymphoma overexpressing CB1 and CB2. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic inhibition of head and neck tumor growth by green tea (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Hongzheng , Tighiouart Mourad , Lee John E. , Shin Hyung J. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Yang Chung S. , Chen Zhuo (Georgia) , Shin Dong M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOne of the mechanisms of the antitumor activity of green tea (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) is associated with its effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mediated signaling transduction pathways. We investigated whether combining EGCG with the EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) erlotinib may augment erlotinib‐induced cell growth inhibition of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in a mouse xenograft model. In vitro studies with 5 head and neck cancer cell lines revealed that synergistic cell growth inhibition by the combination of EGCG and erlotinib was associated with significantly greater inhibition of pEGFR and pAKT, increased activation of caspases 9, 3 and PARP compared to the inhibition induced by EGCG or erlotinib alone. Erlotinib inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR, stabilizing EGFR at the plasma membrane, whereas EGCG induced EGFR internalization and ubiquitin‐degradation, ultimately undermining EGFR signaling. The efficacy of the combination treatment was investigated with nude mice (n = 25) orally gavaged with vehicle control, EGCG, erlotinib or the combination at the same doses for 7 days, followed by subcutaneous injection with Tu212 cells. Animals were continuously administered the agents 5 days weekly for 7 weeks. The combined treatment resulted in significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth and delayed tumor progression as a result of increased apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation and reduced pEGFR and pAKT compared to the single agent treatment groups. Our results suggest a synergistic antitumor effect of a combined treatment with EGCG and erlotinib, and provide a promising regimen for future chemoprevention and treatment of SCCHN. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased risk of colon cancer after external radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Rapiti Elisabetta , Fioretta Gerald , Verkooijen Helena M. , Zanetti Roberto , Schmidlin Franz , Shubert Hyma , Merglen Arnaud , Miralbell Raymond , Bouchardy Christine 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRadiotherapy can induce second cancers. Controversies still exist regarding the risk of second malignancies after irradiation for prostate cancer. We evaluated the risk of developing colon and rectum cancers after prostate cancer in irradiated and nonirradiated patients. Using data from the population‐based Geneva cancer registry, we included in the study all men with prostate cancer diagnosed between 1980 and 1998 who survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. Of the 1,134 patients, 264 were treated with external radiotherapy. Patients were followed for occurrence of colorectal cancer up to 31 December, 2003. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) using incidence rates for the general population to obtain the expected cancer incidence. The cohort yielded to 3,798 person‐years. At the end of follow‐up 19 patients had developed a colorectal cancer. Among irradiated patients the SIR for colorectal cancer was 3.4 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.7–6.0). Compared to the general population, the risk was significantly higher for colon cancer (SIR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.8–7.6), but not for rectal cancer (SIR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.2–7.2). The risk of colon cancer was increased in the period of 5–9 years after diagnosis (SIR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.0–9.2). The overall SIR of secondary cancer in patients treated with radiotherapy was 1.35 (p = 0.056). Nonirradiated patients did not have any increased risk of rectal or colon cancer. This study shows a significant increase of colon but not rectum cancer after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The risk of second cancer after irradiation, although probably small, needs nevertheless to be carefully monitored. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Podoplanin expression by cancer associated fibroblasts predicts poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kawase Akikazu , Ishii Genichiro , Nagai Kanji , Ito Takeo , Nagano Tatsuya , Murata Yukinori , Hishida Tomoyuki , Nishimura Mitsuyo , Yoshida Junji , Suzuki Kazuya , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecent studies have reported increased podoplanin expression by cancer cells and stromal cells, but little is known about its expression and biological significance in adenocarcinoma of the lung. We examined podoplanin expression by both cancer cells and stromal cells in 177 consecutive lung adenocarcinoma cases and analyzed relations between podoplanin expression and both clinicopathological factors and outcome. Podoplanin expression was observed on the apical membrane of the cancer cells in only 9 of the 177 (5.1%) cases. By contrast, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were found to express podoplanin in 54 cases (30.5%). Podoplanin (+) CAFs were found only in invasive adenocarcinoma and none were found in noninvasive adenocarcinoma. Conventional prognostic factors were significantly correlated with podoplanin expression by CAFs. The univariate analyses and log‐rank test showed that podoplanin expression was significantly associated with shorter survival time (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). We divided the cases into 3 groups according grade based on the proportion of CAFs expressing podoplanin [a grade 0 group (n = 123), a grade 1 group (n = 36) and a grade 2 group (n = 18)]. The result showed that conventional prognostic factors were significantly correlated with the grade of podoplanin expression by CAFs. Furthermore, the grade 2 group tended to have a shorter survival time than the grade 1 group (p = 0.092). The results of this study highlight the importance of podoplanin expression by CAFs and provide new insights into the biology of the cancer microenvironment in adenocarcinoma of the lung. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective weight change and colon cancer risk in male US health professionals
Authors: Thygesen Lau Caspar , Grønbæk Morten , Johansen Christoffer , Fuchs Charles S. , Willett Walter C. , Giovannucci Edward 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEpidemiological studies are remarkably consistent, especially among men, in showing that overweight and obesity [body mass index (BMI) >25] are associated with increased risk of colon cancer. However, no prospective studies address the influence of weight change in adulthood on subsequent colon cancer risk. In this study, we investigated whether weight change influences colon cancer risk utilizing prospectively collected weight data. We included 46,349 men aged 40–75 participating in the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study. Questionnaires including items on weight were completed every second year during follow‐up from 1986 to 2004. Updated weight change between consecutive questionnaires during follow‐up and recalled weight gain since age 21 was evaluated. All eligible men were cancer‐free at baseline. Proportional hazard and restricted spline regression models were implemented. Over an 18‐year period, we documented 765 cases of colon cancer. Cumulative mean BMI >22.5 was associated with significantly increased risk of colon cancer. The short‐term weight change in the prior 2 to 4 years was positively and significantly associated with risk [HR = 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.29) for 4.54 kg (10 pounds) increment, p = 0.04 for overall trend]. Weight gain per 10 years since age 21 was associated with significantly increased risk [HR = 1.33 (1.12–1.58) for 4.54 kg increase per 10 years, p = 0.001]. We estimated that 29.5% of all colon cancer cases was attributable to BMI above 22.5. Our results add support that overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for colon cancer among men and suggest that weight has an important influence on colon cancer risk even in later life. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous T cell responses to Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded BARF1 protein and derived peptides in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Bases for improved immunotherapy
Authors: Martorelli Debora , Houali Karim , Caggiari Laura , Vaccher Emanuela , Barzan Luigi , Franchin Giovanni , Gloghini Annunziata , Pavan Alessandro , Da Ponte Alessandro , Tedeschi Rosa Maria , De Re Valli , Carbone Antonino , Ooka Tadamasa , De Paoli Paolo , Dolcetti Riccardo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractImmunotherapy approaches targeting Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded antigens induce objective clinical responses only in a fraction of patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC). In the present study, we have characterized the immunogenicity of the EBV‐encoded BARF1 oncogene with the aim to assess whether this protein could constitute a new target antigen for immunotherapy in this setting. Spontaneous CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses specific for the recombinant p29 BARF1 protein were detected by IFNγ‐ELISPOT in both EBV‐seropositive donors and UNPC patients, but not in EBV‐seronegative individuals. Using immunoinformatic prediction tools, we have selected 5 different candidate BARF1 T cell epitopes presented by HLA‐A*0201. Although only one of these peptides was able to bind HLA‐A2 with low affinity in the T2 stabilization assay, all 5 BARF1 nonamers readily elicited specific CD8+ T cell responses in EBV‐seropositive HLA‐A*0201+ donors and UNPC patients. Notably, the magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses to the whole BARF1 protein and derived A*0201 peptides was significantly higher in UNPC patients than in healthy donors. Moreover, cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for the p2–10, p23–31, or p49–57 BARF1 peptides were easily obtained from HLA‐A*0201+ donors. These cultures were not only able to lyse autologous targets loaded with the antigenic peptide, but also recognized tumor cells endogenously expressing BARF1 in an antigen‐specific and HLA‐A2‐restricted manner. These findings, indicate that BARF1 is a particularly attractive antigen with immunogenic properties in most UNPC patients and provide valuable information to develop new strategies to improve the efficacy of EBV‐targeting immunotherapy of UNPC patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer‐derived Dickkopf1 inhibits osteoblast differentiation and osteoprotegerin expression: Implication for breast cancer osteolytic bone metastases
Authors: Bu Guojun , Lu Wenyan , Liu Chia‐Chen , Selander Katri , Yoneda Toshiyuki , Hall Christopher , Keller Evan T. , Li Yonghe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMost breast cancer metastases in bone form osteolytic lesions, but the mechanisms of tumor‐induced bone resorption and destruction are not fully understood. Although it is well recognized that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is important for breast cancer tumorigenesis, the role of this pathway in breast cancer bone metastasis is unclear. Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) is a secreted Wnt/β‐catenin antagonist. In the present study, we demonstrated that activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling enhanced Dkk1 expression in breast cancer cells and that Dkk1 overexpression is a frequent event in breast cancer. We also found that human breast cancer cell lines that preferentially form osteolytic bone metastases exhibited increased levels of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and Dkk1 expression. Moreover, we showed that breast cancer cell‐produced Dkk1 blocked Wnt3A‐induced osteoblastic differentiation and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression of osteoblast precursor C2C12 cells and that these effects could be neutralized by a specific anti‐Dkk1 antibody. In addition, we found that breast cancer cell conditioned media were able to block Wnt3A‐induced NF‐kappaB ligand reduction in C2C12 cells. Finally, we demonstrated that conditioned media from breast cancer cells in which Dkk1 expression had been silenced via RNAi were unable to block Wnt3A‐induced C2C12 osteoblastic differentiation and OPG expression. Taken together, these results suggest that breast cancer‐produced Dkk1 may be an important mechanistic link between primary breast tumors and secondary osteolytic bone metastases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infrequent promoter methylation of the MGMT gene in liver metastases from uveal melanoma
Authors: Voelter Verena , Diserens Annie‐Claire , Moulin Alexandre , Nagel Georg , Yan Pu , Migliavacca Eugenia , Rimoldi Donata , Hamou Marie‐France , Kaina Bernd , Leyvraz Serge , Hegi Monika E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUveal melanoma is associated with a high mortality rate once metastases occur, with over >90% of metastatic patients dying within less than 1 year from metastases to the liver. The intraarterial hepatic (iah) administration of the alkylating agent fotemustine holds some promise with response rates of 36% and median survival of 15 months. Here, we investigated whether the DNA‐repair‐protein MGMT may be involved in the variability of response to fotemustine and temozolomide in uveal melanoma. Epigenetic inactivation of MGMT has been demonstrated to be a predictive marker for benefit from alkylating agent therapy in glioblastoma. We found a methylated MGMT promoter in 6% of liver metastases from 34 uveal melanoma patients. The mean MGMT activity measured in liver metastases with negligible liver tissue content was significantly lower than in liver tissue (146 versus 523 fmol/mg protein, p = 0.002). Expression of the MGMT protein was detectable in 50% of 88 metastases by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. Expression was heterogeneous, and in accordance with MGMT activity data, usually lower than in the surrounding liver. Differential MGMT activity/expression between metastasis and liver tissue and more efficient depletion of MGMT with higher doses of alkylating agent therapy using iah delivery may provide the pharmacologic window for the higher response rate. However, these results do not support MGMT methylation status or protein expression as predictive markers for treatment outcome to iah chemotherapy with alkylating agents. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.