bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper activates TrkB in cortical neurons in a metalloproteinase‐dependent manner
Authors: Hwang Jung Jin , Park Mi‐Ha , Koh Jae‐Young 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCopper (Cu) is an endogenous metal that is physiologically essential in the brain and that, like zinc (Zn), may be synaptically released in certain regions. Previously, we demonstrated that Zn activates TrkB in cultured cortical neurons in a metalloproteinase (MP)‐dependent manner. To determine whether Cu has similar properties, we exposed cortical cultures for 15 min to various metals and performed Western blots to detect tyrosine‐phosphorylated TrkB (p‐Trk). Whereas Cd, Mn, Fe(II), and Fe(III) had no effect on the level of p‐Trk, 10 μM of Cu in phosphate‐containing (Hanks' balanced salt solution) or 10 nM in phosphate‐lacking salt solution (control salt solution), increased levels of p‐Trk. Cu also activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and Src tyrosine kinase, signaling molecules activated downstream of TrkB. Cu decreased levels of probrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (pro‐BDNF) in cells but increased levels of pro‐ and mature BDNF in the media. Addition of MP inhibitors completely blocked the Cu‐induced increases in pro‐BDNF and BDNF as well as TrkB activation, indicating that MP mediates most of the Cu effect. Furthermore, Cu increased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in cortical neurons. These findings indicate that, like Zn, Cu activates MPs, releases pro‐BDNF from cells, and phosphorylates TrsB. Because Cu, like Zn, is released in certain brain areas with neuronal activity, metal‐triggered TrkB activation may occur in both Cu‐ and Zn‐containing synapses. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Old faces, new places: equity theory in cross‐cultural contexts
Authors: Bolino Mark C. , Turnley William H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe above article (DOI: 10.1002/job.454) was published online in Early View on 12 April 2007. A printing error was subsequently identified in the article:Page 10, line 27: ‘likelihood that he or she will select particular referent’ should read ‘likelihood that he or she will select a particular referent’
Effects of irrigation water quantities and seasonal variation on oil content and fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Mula Ahmed Mahmoud Fadl el , Ahmed Shouk Ahmed Khalid , Gasim Ahmed Faisal el 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the North Western Group of the Gezira Scheme (longitude 32°48′ and latitude 15°14′) for four successive seasons, two winter and two summer seasons, during the years 1999–2002, to study the effect of different irrigation water quantities (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 mm per season) on oil content and oleic acid and linoleic acid percentages in two sunflower cultivars [Rodeo, an open‐pollinated variety, and Hysun33, a hybrid). The experiment was designed in a split plot design, with four replicates. The cultivars were allotted to the sub‐plots while the irrigation treatments were assigned to main plots. The results showed that different irrigation water quantities had significant effects on all parameters studied and the cultivar Hysun33 gave a higher oil content (36.6%) at 700 mm whereas the open‐pollinated variety Rodeo gave 34.1% oil at that level of irrigation. The overall percentages of oleic and linoleic acids were 29.7 and 58.1 in winter and 47.6 and 43.1 in summer, respectively. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of gluten and its components in influencing durum wheat dough properties and spaghetti cooking quality
Authors: Sissons Mike J , Soh Hwee N , Turner Matthew A 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProtein is an important component of grain which affects the technological properties of durum wheat. It is known that the amount and composition of protein can influence dough rheology and pasta quality but the influence of the major classes of protein is not well documented. The influence of the various gluten components on dough and pasta properties was investigated. The protein composition of durum semolina was altered by either adding gluten fractions to a base semolina or preparing reconstituted flours with varying protein composition. The effects on semolina dough rheology and spaghetti texture were measured. Published methods to isolate relatively pure quantities (gram amounts) of glutenin, gliadin, high molecular and low molecular weight glutenin subunits were evaluated and modified procedures were adopted. Reconstituted flours with additional glutenin increased dough strength while additional gliadin and LMW‐GS decreased strength. These changes did not impact on spaghetti texture. Results from using the addition of protein fractions to a base semolina showed that gluten and glutenin addition increased the dough strength of a weak base semolina while gliadin addition weakened the base dough further. Addition of HMW‐GS greatly increased dough strength of the base while addition of LMW‐GS greatly reduced dough strength. Again, these affects were not translated into firmer pasta. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Interaction of phytate with protein and minerals in a soybean–maize meal blend depends on pH and calcium addition
Authors: Pontoppidan Katrine , Pettersson Dan , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate possible interactions of phytate with protein and minerals in simplified animal diets, studies were conducted on the solubility of endogenous phytate, protein and essential minerals in a soybean–maize meal blend within a physiological relevant pH range. The blend was mixed with water for 10 min and then allowed to incubate at 40 °C (30 min) after adjustment of the pH. Finally, soluble phytate, protein, zinc, manganese and iron were determined. Phytate and mineral solubility was highly influenced by pH whereas protein solubility was less affected. Addition of 5 g Ca2+ kg−1 drastically reduced the solubility of phytate, zinc, manganese and iron at pH above 4.4, indicating that the formation of insoluble phytate–mineral complexes is increased in the presence of calcium. The action of pepsin increased the solubility of protein and phytate at pH below 4, indicating that insoluble phytate–protein complexes are present at low pH. Calcium had the same solubilising effect as pepsin at pH 2–4 but to a lesser degree. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Increased intakes of selenium‐enriched foods may benefit human health
Authors: Finley John Weldon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSelenium is an essential nutrient and deficient intakes compromise health in domestic animals and humans. A recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 55 µg d−1 has been set for adult males and females in the United States; most North Americans consume more than this amount, but many residents of Europe, Asia and Africa consume less. While there are very few reports of outright Se deficiency in people consuming mixed Western diets that have Se intakes below the RDA, there is evidence that dietary intakes of selenium greater than the requirement may help reduce the risk of cancer, especially prostate cancer, to men. Selenium metabolism depends on the chemical form of Se in the diet, and some forms are better for some actions (e.g., cancer reduction) than other forms. Foods may contain different amounts and chemical forms of Se; consequently the benefits of Se may depend on the particular foods consumed. There are many reports of the chemistry and health benefits of Se from plant foods; animal foods also contain Se, but there are fewer reported studies. Fully understanding the health benefits of Se that may be gained by consumption of Se‐enriched foods will require multidisciplinary approaches by teams of medical researchers, chemists, nutritionists, and agricultural scientists. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Using the RBFN model and GIS technique to assess wind erosion hazard of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Huading Shi , Jiyuan Liu , Dafang Zhuang , Yunfeng Hu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSoil wind erosion is the primary process and the main driving force for land desertification and sand‐dust storms in arid and semi‐arid areas of Northern China. While many researchers have studied this issue, this study quantified the various indicators of soil wind erosion, using the GIS technology to extract the spatial data and to construct a RBFN (Radial Basis Function Network) model for Inner Mongolia. By calibrating sample data of the different levels of wind erosion hazard, the model parameters were established, and then the assessment of wind erosion hazard. Results show that in the southern parts of Inner Mongolia wind erosion hazards are very severe, counties in the middle regions of Inner Mongolia vary from moderate to severe, and in eastern are slight. Comparison of the results with other research shows conformity with actual conditions, proving the reasonability and applicability of the RBFN model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of experimental restoration on the diaspore bank of an upland moor degraded by Pteridium aquilinum invasion
Authors: Ghorbani J. , Le Duc M. G. , McAllister H. A. , Pakeman R. J. , Marrs R. H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe assessed the effects of a range of experimental restoration treatments on the diaspore bank (seed and spores) on an upland moor infested by dense Pteridium aquilinum, 9 years after implementation. Experimental treatment included both Pteridium control (cutting, spraying and combinations) and restoration treatments (grazing, seeding); both univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were used to assess significant effects. The seed bank was made up largely of Calluna vulgaris, Juncus effusus and Agrostis capillaris with the majority germinating from the litter (38 per cent) and upper soil layer (53 per cent). Soil depth influenced species composition and density, with greatest numbers near the surface, in keeping with a negative exponential response. In the lowest soil depth only ferns were abundant. A. capillaris seed density was greater in the most disturbed treatment (cut twice yearly with grazing), whereas C. vulgaris was greater in the low‐disturbance treatment (herbicide application only). The diaspore bank composition response identified that certain treatment combinations had a grass‐heath composition in the upper soil layer, which may assist future restoration. There was a significant effect of C. vulgaris seed addition detected in the Pteridium litter layer suggesting that this litter acted as a barrier to seed transfer to the soil. There was little evidence of coupling developing between the diaspore bank and vegetation. The most successful treatment combination was cutting twice per yr with low grazing plus C. vulgaris addition as brash. Where seed is added the Pteridium litter should be disturbed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using farmers' criteria to assess profitability of fodder shrubs in the desert margins of West Africa
Authors: Hamer A. G. , Franzel S. , Mounkoro B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study carried out in the Ségou region of Northern Mali to analyse the use of fodder shrubs. The farmer‐level fodder banks consisted of three perennial legumes (Gliricidia sepium, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Pterocarpus lucens). The main question addressed is whether this new type of fodder was more profitable for smallholder farmers compared to alternative fodder options. To test hypotheses for profitability, farmers were grouped in two different ways. The first grouping was based on the different village communities the farmers belonged to. The second grouping consisted of three user groups based on individual (non‐) use patterns of the fodder banks. ‘Passives’ were non‐users because of apparent disinterest. ‘Actives’ were the group of users whose fodder banks performed well and who harvested in time while ‘Unfortunates’ were non‐users unable to harvest fodder mostly through high mortality rates of the shrubs. Profitability was measured by increases in income or increases in the productivity of labour spent on feeding livestock. Profitability was shown to be dependent on the use pattern of the fodder shrubs. In the actual situation no user group had gained any concrete financial benefits. The several scenarios in which other use modalities were modelled, did show gains of using fodder shrubs, but only under conditions where alternative options were expensive. The perceived value of this technology was high. The use patterns indicated that this did not necessarily reflect farmers' long term interest in the technology itself. Rather, farmers were motivated by perceived opportunities to gain short term material and social benefits from the project promoting the shrubs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin changes following minor trauma
Authors: Randeberg Lise Lyngsnes , Winnem Andreas M. , Langlois Neil E. , Larsen Eivind L.P. , Haaverstad Rune , Skallerud Bjørn , Haugen Olav A. , Svaasand Lars O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBruises are currently evaluated by visual inspection, and little is known about the first phase after injury. The temporal development of fresh injuries must be accurately described to be able to age bruises in a reliable manner. Color changes in a bruise caused by hemoglobin breakdown products will depend on the severity of the trauma, and thus on the local immune response in the skin. It is therefore important to relate the nature of the impact to the temporal tissue responses.Materials and MethodsControlled injuries were inflicted on anesthetized domestic pigs. Trauma was induced either by a pendulum device, or by paintballs released using pressurized air. The speed of the projectiles was recorded using a high speed camera. Biopsies and reflection spectra (400–850 nm) were collected from normal and bruised skin. The experiments were approved by the national animal research authority.ResultsThe temporal development of the injury was found to depend strongly on the weight and speed of the object. Low speed, blunt objects did not cause persistent skin changes. However, deep muscular bleeding could be found in most cases. High speed, light weight objects caused a rapidly developing bruise. These bruises were fully developed within 15–20 minutes. No deep muscular hemorrhages were observed in those cases. White blood cells (neutrophilic granulocytes) could be found in biopsies from high speed injuries. The amount of white blood cells depended on the time between injury and collection of the biopsies.ConclusionFurther investigations utilizing a larger range of object weight and velocities are required to be able to fully classify minor traumatic injuries. Preliminary results indicate that this can be achieved by controlled experiments using a porcine model. Reflectance spectroscopy was found to be a useful tool to study immediate skin reactions to the trauma. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of low‐level laser treatment after installation of dental titanium implant‐immunohistochemical study of RANKL, RANK, OPG: An experimental study in rats
Authors: Kim Yong‐Deok , Kim Sung‐Sik , Hwang Dae‐Seok , Kim Sung‐Gil , Kwon Yong‐Hoon , Shin Sang‐Hun , Kim Uk‐Kyu , Kim Jong‐Ryoul , Chung In‐Kyo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis experiment using an animal experimental model was conducted in order to investigate the effect of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of the dental titanium implant.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe experimental group received LLLT for a week and the control group did not. Each group consisted of 10 rats. Two rats from the groups were euthenized on the days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 of the experiment. The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK) were investigated.ResultsThe expression of RANKL was observed from the initial stage of the installation of the implant for both the experimental and control groups. However, the degree of expression was higher in the experimental group. The degree of expression of OPG increased remarkably in the experimental group, while in the control group the degree of expression increased only slightly. In the experimental group, the expression of RANK was observed from the first day, but in the control group, it was weakly observed after day 3. The overall expression within the bone was slight on day 7 in the control group, while an active expression was observed in the experimental group. Bone density after installation of dental titanium implant during osseointegration in the experimental group was higher than the control group. The surface and structure of the titanium implant was not damaged by low‐level laser (LLL).ConclusionsFrom the above results, the expression of OPG, RANKL, and RANK during the osseointegration of the dental titanium implant was observed within bone tissue. The application of the LLL influenced the expression of OPG, RANKL, and RANK, and resulted in the expansion of metabolic bone activity and increased the activity of bone tissue cells. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical characterization of periodontal wound healing following nonsurgical treatment with fluorescence controlled Er:YAG laser radiation in dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Jepsen Søren , Herten Monika , Aoki Akira , Sculean Anton , Becker Jürgen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically characterize periodontal wound healing following nonsurgical treatment with fluorescence controlled Er:YAG laser radiation in dogs.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFive beagle dogs suffering from naturally occurring chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to nonsurgical periodontal treatment using either (a) an Er:YAG laser at 10.2, 12.8, 15.4, 18, and 20.4 J/cm2 (ERL1‐5), or (b) an ultrasonic device (VUS) serving as control. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months. Histomorphometrical (e.g. inflammatory cell infiltrate, surface changes, cementum formation), and immunohistochemical parameters (collagen type I, CD68, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8) were assessed.ResultsInflammatory cell infiltrates of different extent were commonly observed in all treatment groups. However, histomorphometrical analysis revealed new cementum formation with inserting collagen type I fibers along the instrumented root surfaces in most specimens of both ERL (ERL2: 31±81 to ERL5: 595±575 µm) and VUS (50± 215 µm) groups. This was associated with pronounced CD68 and weak MMP‐8 antigen reactivity.ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, it was concluded that both treatment procedures (i) were effective in controlling inflammatory cell infiltrates, and (ii) may support the formation of a new connective tissue attachment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural History of Unexplained Chronic Hepatitis After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Syn Wing-Kin , Nightingale Peter , Gunson Bridget , Hubscher Stefan G. , Neuberger James M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Unexplained chronic hepatitis (CH) in the adult liver allograft recipient is not uncommon, but its natural history and clinical significance is unknown. A retrospective study was undertaken of adult liver allograft recipients to determine the frequency and natural history of unexplained CH. We evaluated only those patients who had undergone ≥2 liver biopsies after 6 months and were grafted for indications where recurrent disease could be confidently excluded (alcoholic liver disease [ALD] in those who remained abstinent and fulminant hepatic failure [FHF] from drug reactions). Of 288 patients who were transplanted for ALD or FHF, 30 fulfilled the above criteria. CH was first diagnosed at a median of 15.25 months after transplantation. A total of 24 patients showed mild necroinflammatory changes, and 12 had mild or moderate fibrosis. Liver tests did not reflect the presence or degree of inflammation or fibrosis. After a median of 4 years, necroinflammatory scores were increased in 5; new or progressive fibrosis was noted in 13%; 3 had developed cirrhosis; and 5 developed clinical evidence of portal hypertension. Progressive fibrosis was associated with a high titer of anti-nuclear antibodies (>1:1600) and a portal tract plasma cell infiltrate. There was a trend for correlation between necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis stage, but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). Serum alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.012) and female gender of the donor (P = 0.033) were associated with progressive fibrosis. Unexplained CH is not uncommon in the liver allograft and may progress to established cirrhosis in a subgroup of patients transplanted for ALD or FHF. Standard liver tests do not reflect the extent of these changes, so protocol liver biopsies may be required to detect these changes. We recommend careful history and follow-up in these patients. Liver Transpl, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Hydrogels Prepared from Unsubstituted Cellulose in NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhou Jinping , Chang Chunyu , Zhang Ruping , Zhang Lina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNovel cellulose hydrogels were synthesized through a “one‐step” method from cellulose, which was dissolved directly in NaOH/urea aqueous solution, by using epichlorohydrin as crosslinker. Structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by using SEM, NMR, and water absorption testing. The hydrogels are fully transparent and display macroporous inner structure. The equilibrium swelling ratios of the hydrogels in distilled water at 25 °C are in the range from 30 to 60 g H2O/g dry hydrogel. Moreover, the reswelling water uptake of the hydrogels could be achieved to more than 70% compared with their initial swelling states. This work provided a simple and fast method for preparing eco‐friendly hydrogels from unsubstituted cellulose.magnified image
A Model‐Theoretic Property of Sharply Bounded Formulae, with some Applications
Authors: Johannsen Jan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe define a property of substructures of models of arithmetic, that of being length‐initial, and show that sharply bounded formulae are absolute between a model and its length‐initial submodels. We use this to prove independence results for some weak fragments of bounded arithmetic by constructing appropriate models as length‐initial submodels of some given model.
Mass‐selective vibrational spectroscopy of vanadium oxide cluster ions
Authors: Asmis Knut R. , Sauer Joachim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA corner stone in the study of the size‐dependent properties of cluster ions in the gas phase is their structural characterization. Over the last 10 years, significant progress has been in this research field because of significant advances in the gas phase vibrational spectroscopy of mass‐selected ions. Using a combination of modern experimental and quantum chemical approaches, it is now in most cases possible to uniquely identify the geometric structure of cluster ions, based on the comparison of the experimental and simulated infrared spectra. In this article, we highlight the progress made in this research area by reviewing recent infrared photodissociation (IR‐PD) experiments on small and medium sized (up to 30 atoms) vanadium oxide ions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev.