bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in gap‐junction permeability, phosphorylation, and number mediated by phorbol ester and non‐phorbol‐ester tumor promoters in rat liver epithelial cells
Authors: Matesic Diane F. , Rupp Heather L. , Bonney William J. , Ruch Randall J. , Trosko James E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of three tumor promoters on gap‐junction permeability; connexin 43 and 26 mRNA levels, protein levels, and phosphorylation; and the numbers of gap‐junctional membrane plaques were studied in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB‐F344 to determine whether changes in these parameters correlated with the inhibition of gap‐junction function. 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA; 10 ng/mL), dieldrin (10 μg/mL), and heptachlor epoxide (10 μg/mL) inhibited gap‐junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) assayed by fluorescent dye transfer by 80–90% after a 5‐min exposure and by more than 90% within 1 h. Decreases in steady‐state connexin 43 mRNA levels were detected by northern blot analysis within 1 h and paralleled changes in steady‐state β‐actin mRNA, but these changes did not occur rapidly enough to account for the rapid loss of gap‐junction function. A substantial loss in the number of connexin 43 immunostained gap‐junctional membrane plaques was detected after a 15‐min exposure to all three promoters, but little change had occurred at 5 min. Western blot analyses using connexin 43‐specific antibodies showed changes in the degree of connexin 43 phosphorylation for all three tumor promoters. TPA induced the appearance of a fourth connexin 43‐im‐munoreactive band (P3) and a concomitant decrease in the relative intensity of the unphosphorylated (P0) band within 5 min of treatment. P3, in addition to bands P1 and P2, disappeared after treatment with alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide induced loss of P2 with a concomitant increase in the relative staining intensity of P0 within 1 h of exposure, but no changes were seen after 5 min. Connexin 43 phosphorylation levels recovered in parallel with the recovery of GJIC for all three tumor promoters. Connexin 26 mRNA levels showed little change after a 1‐h exposure to the three promoters, but reductions in connexin 26 immunofluorescent staining were observed. These results suggest that (i) TPA‐induced hyperphosphorylation of connexin 43 occurred fast enough to account for inhibition of GJIC, (ii) dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide modulated connexin phosphorylation in a manner different from TPA by promoting hypophosphorylation of connexin 43, (iii) redistribution of plasma membrane gap‐junctional plaques after treatment with phorbol ester and non‐phorbol‐ester tumor promoters occurred subsequent to changes in gap‐junction permeability, and (iv) changes in connexin mRNA levels could not account for the losses in fluorescent dye coupling induced by these promoters. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial restoration of pre‐transformation levels of lysyl oxidase and transin mRNAs in phenotypic ras revertants
Authors: Oberhuber Hermann , Seliger Barbara , Schäfer Reinhold 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeoplastic transformation mediated by ras oncogenes is associated with deregulated expression of genes encoding, for example, various proteases, lysyl oxidase, and smooth‐muscle α‐actin. To define the role of these genes in the initiation or maintenance of the ras‐transformed state, we compared their steady‐state mRNA levels in two different sets of preneoplastic fibroblast lines, ras‐transformed clones, and phenotypic revertants derived from them. Compared with the preneoplastic fibroblasts, the ras‐transformed derivatives exhibited elevated levels of cathepsin L (major excreted protein), transin (stromelysin I, matrix metalloproteinase–3), and collagenase I (matrix metalloproteinase–1) mRNA but undetectable levels of lysyl oxidase mRNA. Partial restoration of lysyl oxidase transcription was observed in four of five phenotypic revertants derived from rat FE‐8 and NIHpEJcI3 cells. The elevated levels of transin mRNA found in NIHpEJcI3 cells were diminished to the pretransformation level in interferon revertants but were not reduced in phenotypic rat FE‐8 revertants expressing a high level of the ras oncoprotein. High steady‐state levels of collagenase I mRNA were dependent on ras expression but were not closely associated with the transformed phenotype. High levels of cathepsin L mRNA were associated with neither high ras expression nor neoplastic transformation. The downregulation of smooth‐muscle α‐actin, characteristic of transformed cell lines, was not reversible in phenotypic revertants. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Organisational susceptibility to fraud and theft, organizational size and the effectiveness of management controls: some UK evidence
Authors: Barnes Paul , Webb Jill 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the principal determinants of an organization's susceptibility to theft and fraud in the context of a rational economic framework in which the level of protection is determined by the minimization of cost. The empirical study shows that, adjusting for differences in organizational type and industrial sector, both organizational susceptibility and the size of a typical theft or fraud increase with organizational size. Access to resources and the manner in which the theft or fraud is perpetrated are also important determinants of the money lost. However, they are unaffected by management controls or the nature of their violation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Institutional Economics' contribution to strategic groups analysis
Authors: Tywoniak Stephane , Galvin Peter , Davies Jennifer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRather than consider the two broad strands of strategic group research—performance‐based and behavior‐based studies—as competing approaches, we argue that they relate to complementary levels of analysis. We present a four‐level framework for analyzing structures within industries drawn from New Institutional Economics (NIE) which covers different approaches to strategic group formation from institutional isomorphism and embeddedness through to the firm‐level effects of certain resource deployments. We apply an institutional approach to a case study of the Australian banking industry and supplement this with a quantitative approach based around key strategic variables. This analysis suggests that distinct groups have emerged due to the institutional environment and the different regulatory environments experienced by various banks in the industry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of sumanirole versus placebo or ropinirole for the treatment of patients with early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Singer Carlos , Lamb Janice , Ellis Amanda , Layton Gary ,   Sumanirole for Early Parkinson's Disease Study Group
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo assess the safety and efficacy of sumanirole, a highly selective dopamine agonist, versus placebo and demonstrate its noninferiority to ropinirole, 614 patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) were treated with sumanirole, 1 to16 mg/day; ropinirole, 0.75 to 24 mg/day; or placebo. Primary end point in this flexible‐dose, double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel‐group study of 40 weeks was the change in total sum of the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Parts II + III scores from baseline to end of maintenance. Approximately half the subjects in the sumanirole and placebo groups withdrew early from the study, most (51.8% and 68.5%, respectively) due to lack of efficacy. Of the ropinirole subjects who withdrew (50.5%), most discontinued because of adverse events. In sumanirole and ropinirole groups, mean changes from baseline of −2.48 and −5.20 in UPDRS II + III mean scores were significant versus 0.38 in the placebo group (P ≤ 0.006). Sumanirole and ropinirole are effective in the treatment of patients with early PD when compared with placebo. Noninferiority of sumanirole to ropinirole was not demonstrated, with a difference of 2.70 (90% CI, 0.92–4.49). Sumanirole was better tolerated than ropinirole. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Libraries in transition to a marketing orientation: are librarians' attitudes a barrier?
Authors: Parker Richard , Kaufman‐Scarborough Carol , Parker Jon C. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
This study examines librarians' attitudes toward the marketing of library services, as libraries continue their transition to a marketing orientation. Although prior studies had observed misunderstandings and hostility to marketing among librarians, most previous discussions of this topic were either speculative or based on extremely small samples. In order to provide more evidence in this matter, a large‐scale survey of members of the New Jersey Library Association (NJLA) was conducted. A ‘Pro Marketing’ scale was introduced and used to segment participants with respect to their attitudes. The findings indicate that most respondents expressed relatively positive attitudes toward marketing, but that more positive attitudes were expressed by public librarians than school or college/university librarians, and by administrators as opposed to reference and technical services librarians. Illustrative respondent comments and implications for library management are included.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the immune escape phenotype of human gastric cancers with and without high‐frequency microsatellite instability
Authors: Hirata T , Yamamoto H , Taniguchi H , Horiuchi S , Oki M , Adachi Y , Imai K , Shinomura Y 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGastric cancers with and without high‐frequency microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) represent distinctive pathways of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to clarify if human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen subunits and antigen processing machinery (APM) components are differentially downregulated in these two groups of tumours. Using reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis, methylation‐specific PCR (MSP), DNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, we analysed expression and/or alteration of HLA class I antigen subunits and APM components, including low molecular weight polypeptide proteasome subunit (LMP)2, LMP7, LMP10, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1, TAP2, tapasin, proteasome activator (PA) 28α, and PA28β in two stage‐matched panels of 30 MSI‐H and 30 microsatellite stable (MSS) gastric cancers. Mutations at coding microsatellites (cMS) located within β2‐microglobulin (β2m) and genes encoding APM components, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein genes, such as calnexin, SEC63, SEC31, and P4HB (p55), were also analysed. HLA class Ia transcripts were totally downregulated in 18.3% of cancer cases. Locus‐specific downexpression of HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐C was detected in 41.7%, 45.0%, and 31.7% of cases. Loss of HLA‐A was significantly more frequent in MSI‐H cancers. The LOH ratios of the HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐C loci microsatellite markers were relatively low: 5/32 (15.6%) for D6S306, 4/32 (12.5%) for D6S258, 4/33 (12.1%) for D6S273, and 4/30 (13.3%) for D6S1666. Methylation of HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐C was detected in 38.3%, 40.0%, and 28.3% of cases. A significant association between methylation and reduction in expression was observed in gastric cancer tissues. Mutations at cMS of β2m and APM components were detected in 3.3–46.7% of MSI‐H cancers but in none of MSS cancers. These data show that gastric cancers have various defects in HLA class I antigen subunits and APM components and that the MSI phenotype is associated with frequent HLA‐A inactivation and frameshift mutations of the β2m and APM genes. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoimmunity, spontaneous tumourigenesis, and IL‐15 insufficiency in mice with a targeted disruption of the tumour suppressor gene Fus1
Authors: Ivanova AV , Ivanov SV , Pascal V , Lumsden JM , Ward JM , Morris N , Tessarolo L , Anderson SK , Lerman MI 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Fus1 gene resides in the critical 3p21.3 human chromosomal region deleted in lung and breast cancers. Recently, the tumour suppressor properties of Fus1 were confirmed experimentally by intra‐tumoural administration of Fus1 that suppressed experimental lung metastasis in mice. We generated Fus1‐deficient mice that were viable, fertile, and demonstrated a complex immunological phenotype. Animals with a disrupted Fus1 gene developed signs of autoimmune disease, such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, anaemia, circulating autoantibodies, and showed an increased frequency of spontaneous vascular tumours. Preliminary analysis of immune cell populations revealed a consistent defect in NK cell maturation in Fus1 null mice that correlated with changes in the expression of IL‐15. Injection of IL‐15 into Fus1 knockout mice completely rescued the NK cell maturation defect. Based on these results, we propose the hypothesis that Fus1 deficiency affects NK cell maturation through the reduction of IL‐15 production but does not directly alter their developmental capacity. Since acquired immunity was not affected in Fus1‐deficient animals, we suggest a relationship between the Fus1 protein and the regulation of innate immunity via IL‐15 production. The increased frequency of spontaneous cancers and the development of an autoimmune syndrome in Fus1 null mice imply that these mice could serve as a model for studying molecular mechanisms of anti‐tumour immunity and autoimmunity. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication, characterization and drug loading of pH‐dependent multi‐morpho‐ logical nanoparticles based on cellulose
Authors: Dou Hongjing , Jiang Ming 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates the pH‐dependent micellization of (hydroxyethyl cellulose)‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid) (HEC‐graft‐PAA), the crosslinking of the pH‐induced nanoparticles and the drug loading of the crosslinked multi‐morphological nanoparticles. The hydrodynamic diameter (〈Dh〉) of the pH‐induced micelles was found dependent on both temperature and concentration in dynamic light scattering studies. After the crosslinking of PAA segments in the micelles, shape‐persistent nanoparticles were obtained, which exhibited multiple morphologies from nano‐cage to hollow sphere, and a homogeneous swollen microgel in neutral medium with an increase of the degree of crosslinking. To investigate the drug loading of these shape‐persistant nanoparticles, diminazene aceturate was chosen as a model drug. The loading efficiency and the drug release behavior against water and 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl were studied using UV absorption spectroscopy. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Fracture surfaces and tensile properties of UV‐irradiated spider silk fibers
Authors: Pérez‐Rigueiro J. , Elices M. , Plaza G. R. , Rueda J. , Guinea G. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of the influence of UV radiation on the tensile properties of spider silk has shown that the shape of the stress–strain curves is not affected by 254‐nm irradiation, except for a significant decrease in the tensile strength and strain at breaking. This decrease has been found in both forcibly silked and maximum‐supercontracted fibers, despite the different initial alignments of the protein chains. Local damage is also induced by UV radiation. With this procedure, it is possible to recover and analyze fracture surfaces. These show different granular microstructures that are characteristic of fibers spun from a solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 786–793, 2007
Quality of sleep and quality of life in caregivers of breast cancer patient
Authors: Chang Edward Wei‐Chung , Tsai Ying‐Ying , Chang Tsai‐Wang , Tsao Chao‐Jung 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: Sleep is an important issue for cancer patients and caregivers and poor sleep quality may have deleterious effects on health. This study will examine the correlation between sleep quality and quality of life of breast cancer caregivers.Method: A cross‐sectional and correlational design was used to explore the relationship between sleep quality and the quality of life of caregivers. Sixty‐one participants were identified by invasive early breast cancer patients, who were diagnosed within the period of 18‐month period, as their primary caregivers. The World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: BREF‐Taiwan version (WHOQOL‐BREF‐TAIWAN) and the Chinese Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) were used to measure the quality of life and sleep quality of caregivers, respectively.Result: Eighty‐nine percent of caregivers from this study reported possible sleep difficulties. The scores of CPSQI scores were negatively correlated with the score of every domain of the WHOQOL‐BREF‐TAIWAN.Discussion: The results suggest that sleep quality may have an impact on several aspects of the quality of life of caregivers. Understanding the correlation between sleep quality and the quality of life of caregivers may assist health professionals in enhancing the sleep quality of caregivers and their ability to care for patients and themselves. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A chronology of Late‐Pleistocene permafrost events in southern New Jersey, Eastern USA
Authors: French Hugh M. , Demitroff Mark , Forman Steven L. , Newell Wayne L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrost fissures, filled with wind‐abraded sand and mineral soil, and numerous small‐scale non‐diastrophic deformations, occur in the near‐surface sediments of the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey. The fissures are the result of thermal‐contraction cracking and indicate the previous existence of either permafrost or seasonally‐frozen ground. The deformations reflect thermokarst activity that occurred when permafrost degraded, icy layers melted and density‐controlled mass displacements occurred in water‐saturated sediments. Slopes and surficial materials of the area reflect these cold‐climate conditions. Optically‐stimulated luminescence permits construction of a tentative Late‐Pleistocene permafrost chronology. This indicates Illinoian, Early‐Wisconsinan and Late‐Wisconsinan episodes of permafrost and/or deep seasonal frost and a Middle‐Wisconsinan thermokarst event. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syngenetic sand veins and anti‐syngenetic sand wedges, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada
Authors: Murton Julian B. , Bateman Mark D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSand‐sheet deposits of full‐glacial age in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada, contain syngenetic sand veins 1–21 cm wide and sometimes exceeding 9 m in height. Their tall and narrow, chimney‐like morphology differs from that of known syngenetic ice wedges and indicates an unusually close balance between the rate of sand‐sheet aggradation and the frequency of thermal‐contraction cracking. The sand sheets also contain rejuvenated (syngenetic) sand wedges that have grown upward from an erosion surface. By contrast, sand sheets of postglacial age contain few or sometimes no intraformational sand veins and wedges, suggesting that the climatic conditions were unfavourable for thermal‐contraction cracking. Beneath a postglacial sand sheet near Johnson Bay, sand wedges with unusually wide tops (≤3.9 m) extend down from a prominent erosion surface. The wedges grew vertically downward during deflation of the ground surface, and represent anti‐syngenetic wedges. The distribution of sand veins and wedges within the sand sheets indicates that the existence of continuous permafrost during sand‐sheet aggradation can be inferred confidently only during full‐glacial conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of androgen receptors in a transplantable human prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC‐82)
Authors: Brinkmann A. O. , Bolt J. , Van Steenbrugge G. J. , Kuiper G. G. J. M. , De Boer W. , Mulder E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe transplantable human prostatic adenocarcinoma, PC‐82, has been shown to be a suitable model for the study of several aspects of androgen‐regulated tumor growth. This tumor contains an androgen receptor, and the purpose of the present investigation was to characterize this androgen receptor with respect to hormone specificity, sedimentation coefficient, dissociation constant, Stokes radius, ionic properties, and molecular mass. Cytosol was prepared from tumor tissues grown in athymic nude mice, which were castrated 10 days before harvesting the tumor. Scatchard plot analysis revealed a binding protein with a Kd of 0.1 nM for R1881 (methyltrienolone) and a binding capacity of 120 fmol/mg protein. The receptor showed a high affinity for R1881, testosterone, and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, respectively, whereas no or little affinity was found for progesterone and estradiol. In the presence of 10 mM molybdate the androgen receptor in PC‐82 cytosol eluted from an FPLC anion exchange column (Mono Q) at 0.32 M NaCl, which is identical to what has been found for androgen receptors from rat prostate and calf uterine cytosol. Photoaffinity labeling of the [3H]R1881‐androgen receptor complex and subsequent analysis on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels resulted in a covalently labeled protein with a molecular mass of approximately 50 kD. The androgen receptor of the PC‐82 tumor had a sedimentation coefficient of 4S and a Stokes radius of 3.3 nm at high ionic strength (0.4 M NaCl). It is concluded that the PC‐82 tumor contains a binding protein with the properties described for androgen receptors present in prostate tissue.
Histological localization of estrogen receptors in normal and diseased human prostates by immunocytochemistry
Authors: Schulze Harald , Claus Siegfried 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of estrogens and estrogen receptors (ER) in the human prostate remains unresolved. In this study we have used the monoclonal ER antibody H222 to investigate the histological localization of ER in normal and diseased human prostates by immunocyto‐chemistry. Prostate tissue was obtained from 3 young organ donors (Group I—normal prostate), from 14 prostates removed by radical prostatectomy or radical cystoprostatectomy, which had caused no or only mild obstructive symptoms (Group II—non‐obstructive prostate), and from 11 prostates removed by suprapubic prostatectomy, which had caused severe obstructive symptoms due to a large benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Group III—obstructive prostate). In prostates of all groups ER were found to be in nuclei of the prostatic urethra and of the periurethral prostatic duct. In striking contrast, ER in the interglandular prostatic stroma was not as homogeneous among the different groups. We observed a low concentration of ER in the stroma of normal prostates, the highest concentration in non‐malignant stroma of non‐obstructive prostates, and no ER at all in stroma of obstructive prostates. Based on the immunocytochemical localization of ER in normal and diseased human prostate, our results indicate that stromal growth in obstructive BPH may not be mediated via ER. However, we cannot exclude that an increase of stromal ER concentration (as observed in non‐obstructive prostates) is directly involved in induction of BPH, leading further prostate growth thereafter into an estrogen independent state.