bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobe‐specific distribution of a 20,000‐dalton nonhistone protein in the dorsolateral prostate of rats
Authors: Matuo Yuhsi , Nishi Nozomu , Tanaka Yukio , Muguruma Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Koichiro , Wada Fumio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDistribution of an androgen‐dependent, 20,000‐dalton nonhistone protein with a pI of about 11.5 (20K‐NHP) was examined by electrophorectic techniques. Nuclei of the brain, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, lung, and thymus of rats contained a negligible amount of 20K‐NHP, whereas 20K‐NHP was distinctly detectable, in different relative amounts, in the nuclei of the male accessory sex organs, with the dorsolateral prostate having the highest relative content (100%), followed by the coagulating gland (≈ 16%), the ventral prostate (≈ 6%), and the seminal vesicle (≈ 2%). There were heterogeneous distributions of cytosol components, acid phosphatase isozymes, and nonhistone proteins in the dorsolateral prostate. Zinc was localized in the lateral lobe, and fructose and glucose were in the dorsal lobe. Cytosol proteins with pI 7.5, 8.2, and 8.5 were abundant in the dorsal lobe, and proteins with pI 7.4 and 8.0 in the lateral lobe. Acid phosphatase isozymes with pI 7.1, 7.4, 7.7, and 8.0 were abundantly distributed in the lateral lobe. Of the nonhistone proteins, 20K‐NHP showed the highest content both in the lateral lobe and in the dorsal lobe. It was found that 20K‐NHP was more abundantly distributed in the lateral lobe (maximally four times higher) than in the dorsal lobe. The heterogeneous distribution of 20K‐NHP in the dorsolateral prostate was strikingly similar to that of zinc. It appears, therefore, that 20K‐NHP is closely related to dorsolateral prostate zinc content.
Electrophoretic marker of differentiated human prostate secretory epithelial cells
Authors: Bozhok Y. M. , Kireeva S. S. , Tavokina L. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectrophoretic analysis of primordial human prostate epithelium, glandular secretory epithelium of prostate and other human tissues revealed a marker characteristic of differentiated secretory prostate cells. Being probably neither protein nor lipid in chemical nature, this marker reacted in a peculiar way with Amido Black 10B. The marker was shown to be present in prostatic secretory substance.
In vitro stimulation by prostate extracts of rat ventral prostate stromal and epithelial cell division
Authors: Anderson Ken M. , Rubenstein M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the effect of prostate cell extracts on the replication of highly enriched rat ventral prostate stromal and epithelial cells cultured in RPMI‐1640. Extracts from normal rat prostates completely inhibited cell division in both fractions, while a 10% (v/v) extract of Dunning R‐3327G adenocarcinoma inhibited replication of stromal cells but permitted that of epithelial cells. The cytoxic effect of prostate extracts was dialyzable, heat stable, unaffected by proteases, soluble in acid/alcohol, and insoluble in chloroform. These properties are consistent with those of polyamines incubated in the presence of fetal calf serum.Dialyzed extracts from Dunning adenocarcinomas, and from human benign hypertrophic and carcinomatous prostates stimulated rat prostate stromal and epithelial cell division, in keeping with other reports of “growth factors” in prostate tissue. This mitogenic activity was stable to temperature (70°C, 4 hours), and marginally if at all affected by exposure to trypsin or to pronase coupled to Sephadex. Short‐term culture of separated prostate cells should provide a useful assay system for detecting putative autocrine or paracrine stromal and/or epithelial cell growth factors and identifying suspected homo‐ or heterotypic cellular interactions in normal and diseased prostates.
Quantitative relationships between cytosol and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors in the R3327 prostatic carcinoma of rats treated with diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Mobbs B. G. , Johnson I. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PgR) were quantitated by Scatchard analysis in cytosolic and nuclear extracts of R3327H prostatic carcinomas from rats injected with 100 μg diethylstilbestrol or with vehicle for 1–3 weeks. Total tissue ER concentrations were less than 80 fm/mg DNA in control tumors and were not significantly higher in treated tumors: however, in the latter, a significantly higher proportion (73 ± 16%) was associated with the nuclear fraction than in the control tumors (<33%).Mean PgR concentrations were more than seven‐fold higher in treated than in control tumors, and approximately 25% of the total was associated with the nuclear fraction in both treated and control tumors, under the assay conditions used. There was a strong linear correlation between nuclear ER and PgR concentrations.These data indicate that although ER concentration in these tumors was low compared with that in female target organs, it was functional in its ability to associate with the nuclear fraction and induce synthesis of an estrogen‐induced protein (PgR) in proportionate amounts.
Anatomy and histology of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) prostate
Authors: Hijikata Takao , Saito Hiroshi , Yohro Takeshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGross anatomy and the light and electron microscopic characteristics of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora) prostate are described. The prostate is a pair of compound tubuloalveolar glands with one main excretory duct for each gland. Each gland is divided into ventral and dorsal lobes. The tubuloalveoli are larger in diameter and the secretory cells are lower in the ventral than in the dorsal lobes. Probable spontaneous release of secretory granules and accumulation of secretory material in secretory lumina are only observed in the ventral lobes. Secretory material is often crystallized in the secretory lumina. The epithelium of excretory ducts consists of mucous‐type secretory cells and the boundary between this epithelium and the glandular epithelium is complex. The glandular epithelium consists of secretory and clear cells. This report illustrates that the structure of the prostate of musk shrew is unique among mammals.
A wide range of sensitivities to androgens develops in cloned shionogi mouse mammary tumor cells
Authors: Labrie F. , Veilleux R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClones obtained in soft agar from a Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma show marked heterogeneity of growth characteristics and sensitivities to androgens. These data pertain to spontaneous growth in the absence of androgens, maximal response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and Km values of the stimulatory action of DHT ranging from 0.008 to 10 ng/ml (1,250‐fold range). Following 13 months in culture in the presence of 10 nM DHT, recloning of one original cell clone led to an even greater variation of androgen‐free growth and of the maximal responses to DHT, while the Km values of DHT action ranged from 0.05 to 10 nM (200‐fold range). The present demonstration of a marked heterogeneity of Km values of DHT action in subpopulations of tumors grown in a controlled environment has major implications for the efficient antihormonal treatment of androgen‐sensitive diseases such as prostate cancer. Such data indicate that cell clones having a high degree of sensitivity to DHT (androgen‐hypersensitive) can continue to grow in the presence of castration levels of androgens, thus suggesting that an antiandrogen is required in order to achieve a more complete androgen blockage and to induce a regression of these androgen‐hypersensitive tumors.
Early complications of combined pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy versus lymphadenectomy alone
Authors: Livne Pinhas M. , Huben Robert P. , Wolf Richard M. , Pontes J. Edson 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparison of the early morbidity of pelvic lymphadenectomy plus radical prostatectomy versus lymphadenectomy alone is reported. Fifty‐one patients underwent the combined procedure; 26 had lymphadenectomy alone. Incidence of early complications was 35% in patients undergoing prostatectomy and node dissection and 27% in patients undergoing lymph node dissection only, a difference which is not statistically significant. Thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolus occurred after the combined procedure. There was one postoperative death in the combined surgery group. The results of this study suggest that lymph node dissection may be performed at the time of radical prostatectomy rather than as a staging procedure, and emphasize the importance of pelvic lymph node dissection in the evaluation and treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.
Lymphographic findings in prostatic carcinoma with distant metastases
Authors: Veronesi A. , Figoli F. , Tirelli U. , Carbone A. , Grigoletto E. , Merlo A. , Francini M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom January 1976 to December 1981, 25 patients with prostatic carcinoma and distant metastases had lymphangiography (LAG) in their initial workup either to obtain a more precise definition of tumor extension or because at the time of LAG asymptomatic metastases had not yet been detected. In 18 patients extensive bone metastases were present while in seven the only indicator of bone metastases was bone scan (limited bone disease). Positivity rate was 48% (20% in T2 cases, 53% in T3–T4; 29% in limited bone disease, 53% in extensive bone metastases). No correlation was found between LAG positivity and degree of differentiation. Patients with N0 survived longer than patients with N2‐N4; however, the difference in survival is not significant and seems to be linked to the extent of bone metastases. Our data substantiate that LAG is of no value in the staging of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
Biosynthesis of immunoreactive inhibin‐like material (IR‐ILM) by rat prostate
Authors: Sathe V. A. , Sheth A. R. , Sheth N. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPresence of biologically active inhibin‐like material (ILM) in the rat prostate was demonstrated by suppression of in vitro follicle‐stimulating hormone release from rat pituitaries, and its in vitro biosynthesis was studied by immunoprecipitation of 3H‐leucine incorporated in ILM. In vitro biosynthesis of immunoreactive ILM (IR‐ILM) was greater in prostate from castrated as compared to intact rats and it decreased in prostates from castrated rats treated with testosterone. In prostates from estrogen‐treated castrated animals, an increase in IR‐ILM synthesis was observed. These observations indicated that in addition to the testes prostate could be an additional source of ILM and that IR‐ILM synthesis in prostate is modulated by hormones.
Monoclonal antibody specific to acid phosphatase isoenzyme 4
Authors: Dang Howard , Lam Kwok‐Wai , Li Chin‐Yang , Wold Lester E. , Sun Tsieh , Yam Lung T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 4 was purified by ion exchange column chromatography, followed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The highly purified enzyme was used to produce monoclonal antibody from immunized BALB/c mice. The antibody was specific to isoenzyme 4, with negligible affinity to isoenzyme 2. The specificity of the monoclonal antibody was evaluated by Western blot analysis and by inhibition of radioimmunoassay.Immunohistochemistry method using the antibody to isoenzyme 2 showed heavy staining on the cell surface in contrast to the even staining throughout the cytoplasm when monoclonal anti‐isoenzyme 4 was used. These results reflect the secretory nature of isoenzyme 2 and the non‐secretory nature of isoenzyme 4.
Acid phosphatase in the rat prostate: Comparison with other organs
Authors: Tseng Charles C. , Tseng Ernest E. , Sensibar Julia A. , Lee Chung 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProperties of acid phosphatase in the rat ventral prostate were compared with those in seven other organs in adult male rats by the electrophoretic mobility in acrylamide gels, susceptibility to reactions with inhibitors, and by their response to castration and subsequent testosterone replacement. The enzyme in the spleen exhibited the highest values of Km and Vmax. These values in the prostate, the liver, and the kidney showed an intermediate level, while the lowest level was found in the heart, the lung, the adrenals, and the seminal vesicle. Upon electrophoresis, a total of six isoenzyme bands were resolved. Two major zones of activity were noted. They were the slow‐moving anodal bands (isoenzymes 1,2, and 3) and the fast‐moving cathodal bands (isoenzymes 4,5, and 6). The spleen possessed the highest number of isoenzymes (bands 1,2,4,5 and 6) and the prostate had three (bands 1,2, and 3). The heart contained only one (band 2). Two isoenzymes (bands 1 and 2) were found in remaining organs. Results of the effects of inhibitors showed that NaF inhibited all six isoenzymes, while L(+)tartrate inhibited mainly those in the anodal zone. D(−)tartrate and formaldehyde showed no significant inhibition to any of the isoenzymes. PCMB (parachloromercuribenzoic acid) was found to be a specific inhibitor for isoenzyme 3. Upon castration in the hosts, the enzyme activity in the prostate, the liver, and the seminal vesicle was significantly reduced. This reduction in enzyme activity involved all isoenzymes in these three organs, but isoenzyme 3 in the prostate disappeared completely after castration. The activities of these isoenzymes were restored by testosterone replacement. These results indicate that acid phosphatase in rat tissues has multiple forms; each has its own electrophoretic mobility in acrylamide gels, sensitivity to inhibitors, and response to hormonal manipulation. Isoenzyme 3 is specific to the prostate and is uniquely sensitive to PCMB inhibition and to androgen stimulation.
Immunohistochemical localization of keratin in human prostate
Authors: Kitajima Kiyoaki , A. Tökés Zoltán 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe localization of keratin was investigated in normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostatic adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical technique on frozen tissue sections. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the distribution patterns of keratin due to malignancy. In normal and benign tissue specimens, keratin was detected in the cytoplasm of basal cells and glandular epithelial cells. In the glandular epithelial cells keratin was found as a deposit of fine granules. In the basal cells, the positive staining for keratin had a uniform distribution in the scanty cytoplasm. In specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma, the basal cells retained a strong positive reaction for keratin. The shapes and the distributions of basal cells were markedly different in malignant specimens. Basal cells formed a discontinuous layer and surrounded the population of neoplastic cells in tissue sections containing the cribriform patterns. The cells expressed characteristic protrusions into extracellular spaces between the cancer cells. Keratin‐positive granules were demonstrated in the adenocarcinoma cells as well. These granules had slightly smaller sizes and were distributed randomly. The study demonstrates that the immunohistochemical localization of keratin provides a refinement for the characterization of cells in tissue sections of prostate.
Characteristics of the β‐adrenergic stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in rat ventral prostate and its modulation by androgens
Authors: Poyet P. , Gagne B. , Labrie F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBeta‐adrenergic agents cause a 2.5–3‐fold stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in rat ventral prostate membrane preparations with an order of potency (KD values) typical of a β2‐subtype receptor: (−.)isoproterenol (20 nM) > (‐)epinephrine (70 nM) > (‐)nor‐epinephrine (1 μM) > dopamine (70 μM). The stimulatory effect exerted by high concentrations of dopamine (> 0.1 mM) is completely reversed by propranolol but not by haloperidol or sulpiride, thus indicating an action of dopamine mediated by the β‐adrenergic receptor. One week after castration, basal adenylate cyclase activity in prostatic membranes is 50% reduced. In the same group, the stimulation by isoproterenol is completely abolished in the absence of GTP, while the effect of GTP alone is reduced by 75%. The inhibitory effect of castration on basal as well as isoproterenol‐ and GTP‐stimulated adenylate cyclase activity can be completely reversed by treatment of castrated animals with dihydrotestosterone, thus demonstrating the marked androgen dependency of adenylate cyclase activity in prostatic tissue. Since the response to direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity (assessed by NaF and forskolin) is only reduced by 33%‐60% while the response to isoproterenol is 100% abolished, the present data indicates that the complete loss of β‐adrenergic responsiveness of prostatic adenylate cyclase following castration includes many steps, including those preceding adenylate cyclase activity, namely the β‐adrenergic receptor itself and/or its coupling via the GTP‐binding protein. The large amplitude of the effects observed should facilitate study of the mechanisms involved in the marked regulation of the β‐adrenergic receptor‐adenylate cyclase system by androgens in prostatic tissue.
Postradiation biopsy and histological effects in early‐stage prostatic cancer treated with 125iodine implants
Authors: Kandzari Stanley J. , Riley Roger S. , Belis John A. , Jain Pushpa R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred twenty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with 125I irradiation to the prostate and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Clinical stages were A‐2 (13 pts), B‐1 (34 pts), B‐2 (49 pts), and C‐1 (24 pts). The tumors were well differentiated in 44%, moderately differentiated in 39% and poorly differentiated in 17%. Nineteen of 22 patients with positive lymph nodes had either moderately or poorly differentiated tumors. A total radiation dosage between 15,000 and 24,000 rads per year were given to all patients. Seventy‐six patients had been rebiopsied at 1 year, and 26 were positive for malignancy (34%). Thirty‐eight patients had rebiopsy at 2 years, and 16 were positive (42%). Forty‐four percent of the postradiation biopsies were of a different histologic grade from the primary lesion. Radiation injury was identified in 95% of the posttreatment biopsies and were moderate or severe in 71%. One hundred one patients are living from 1 to 9 years. Eight patients have died of metastatic carcinoma, and 11 have died of cardiovascular problems.
Production, clearance, and metabolism of testosterone in men with prostatic cancer
Authors: Meikle A. Wayne , Smith Joseph A. , Stringham John D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt was previously unknown whether the production and metabolism of testosterone was altered in men with prostatic cancer. We recently observed a familial influence on the plasma concentration of sex steroids in men with the cancer. We have now determined, by isotope dilution techniques, the blood testosterone production and clearance rates and testosterone metabolism to potent androgen metabolites in men with prostatic cancer, their brothers, and unrelated controls. Nineteen men had a diagnosis of prostatic cancer before age 63 (probands), 23 were brothers of these index cases, and nine controls matched for age were selected randomly from the general population. None had received endocrine therapy. The plasma content of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, apparent free testosterone concentration, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were not significantly different between the groups. The metabolic clearance rate of testosterone was significantly (P = .04) higher in probands (458 liters/day/body surface area, median) than in controls (306 liters/day/body surface area). The conversion ratios of both testosterone (1.8%) and dihydrotestosterone (16.9%) to 3α‐androstanediol were significantly greater (P = .04 and P = .004, respectively) in probands than in controls (0.95%, 7.8%). These results indicate that men with prostatic cancer have elevated clearance rates of testosterone and an increased conversion ratio of testosterone to its potent 5α‐reduced metabolites.
Biosynthesis and localization of inhibin in human prostate
Authors: Sathe Vinaya S. , Sheth Nandini A. , Phadke Meena A. , Sheth Anil R. , Zaveri Jayesh P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInhibin biosynthesis by human prostatic tissue was investigated in vitro. Serum levels of inhibin as well as tissue concentrations in different cells and zones of the normal and benign hyperplastic prostates were determined. Immunocytochemical localization of inhibin identified the involvement of epithelial but not stromal cells in the synthesis and release of prostatic inhibin into the circulation. The endocrine and paracrine functions of prostatic inhibin remain to be elucidated.
Role of prolactin in modulating the effects of tamoxifen on growth of the dunning R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sylvester Paul W. , Ip Margot M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTamoxifen (TAM) has previously been shown to inhibit growth of the Dunning R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma and to elevate serum prolactin levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of prolactin in modulating the effects of tamoxifen on growth of the R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Intact and castrated Copenhagen‐Fischer male rats bearing the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic tumor were divided into groups and injected sc five times per week for 16 weeks as follows: vehicle; TAM (0.5 mg/kg); haloperidol (HALO; 0.5 mg/kg); bromocryptine (CB‐154; 5 mg/kg); TAM plus HALO; or TAM plus CB‐154. In both intact and castrated rats, agents that either raised (HALO) or lowered (CB‐154) serum prolactin had little effect on prostatic tumor growth when administered singly. In intact rats, average tumor diameter in vehicle‐treated controls increased 421% 16 weeks after the start of the experiment, and treatment with TAM or TAM plus HALO reduced this tumor growth by approximately one‐half. Interestingly, CB‐154 administered in combination with TAM completely blocked TAM inhibition of tumor growth in intact rats. In contrast to these results in intact rats, average tumor diameter increased 129% in TAM‐ and 118% in TAM plus HALO‐treated castrated rats and was significantly greater than the characteristic retardation of tumor growth (49% increase) that occurred in the vehicle‐treated castrate controls. In addition, combined treatment of TAM plus CB‐154 in castrate rats resulted in an even greater increase (188%) in average tumor diameter. The inhibitory effect of TAM on R3327 prostatic tumor growth in intact rats appears to be an indirect effect resulting from its ability to reduce serum testosterone levels. In contrast, the stimulatory effect of TAM in castrate rats appears to result directly from an estrogen‐like action, which can directly enhance prostatic tumor growth in the presence of low levels of circulating androgens; this stimulatory effect of TAM is more pronounced when prolactin levels are suppressed by CB‐154. Clearly, castration alone is more effective than TAM therapy alone or in combination with castration in the retardation of the growth of the androgen‐dependent R3327 prostatic tumor in rats.
Cell proliferation studies in rat prostate I. the proliferative role of basal and secretory epithelial cells during normal growth
Authors: Evans G. S. , Chandler J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the prostates of rats ranging from 10 days to 8 months of age, the proliferative activity of basal and secretory epithelial cells was studied. No clear evidence was found that basal cells alone represented the proliferative compartment, or that they were responsible for the replacement of secretory cells during normal turnover. Cell kinetic and morphological evidence indicated that basal and secretory cells were self‐replicating cell types with discrete functions.