bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trisomy 15 mosaicism owing to familial reciprocal translocation t(1;15): implication for prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Prontera Paolo , Buldrini Barbara , Aiello Vincenzo , Gruppioni Rita , Bonfatti Alessandra , Venti Giovanna , Ferlini Alessandra , Sensi Alberto , Calzolari Elisa , Donti Emilio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe describe a 4‐year‐old female child with severe global mental retardation, myoclonic epilepsy, proximal hypotonia and dysmorphisms, whose prenatal diagnosis following amniocentesis revealed a constitutional female karyotype carrying a t(1;15)(q10;p11) familial reciprocal translocation. Post‐natal high‐resolution karyotype, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening for subtelomeric rearrangements, VNTR search for UPD15 in the blood and fibroblast, and WCP1 and 15 in the mother, failed to provide an explanation for the complex clinical phenotype of the proband. Since the pachytene configuration of the translocated chromosomes defines a high probability of 3:1 segregation, an extensive workup was undertaken to look for a possibly cryptic mosaicism. Four percent of the cells with trisomy 15 was found in the peripheral blood lymphocytes examined by classical cytogenetic technique and interphase FISH analysis. The clinical features associated with cryptic trisomy 15 mosaicism and the problems concerning prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling for carriers of translocations at high risk of 3:1 segregation are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heteroarm H‐shaped terpolymers through the combination of the Diels–Alder reaction and controlled/living radical polymerization techniques
Authors: Durmaz Hakan , Karatas Figen , Tunca Umit , Hizal Gurkan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHeteroarm H‐shaped terpolymers (PS)(PtBA)–PEO–(PtBA)(PS) and (PS)(PtBA)–PPO–(PtBA)(PS) [where PS is polystyrene, PtBA is poly(tert‐butyl acrylate), PEO is poly(ethylene oxide), and PPO is poly(propylene oxide)], containing PEO or PPO as a backbone and PS and PtBA as side arms, were prepared via the combination of the Diels–Alder reaction and atom transfer radical and nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization routes. Commercially available PEO or PPO containing bismaleimide end groups was reacted with a compound having an anthracene functionality, succinic acid anthracen‐9‐yl methyl ester 3‐(2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyloxy)‐2‐methyl‐2‐[2‐phenyl‐2‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxy)ethoxycarbonyl]propyl ester, with a Diels–Alder reaction strategy. The obtained macroinitiator with tertiary bromide and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxy functional end groups was used subsequently in the atom transfer radical polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate and in the nitroxide‐mediated free‐radical polymerization of styrene to produce heteroarm H‐shaped terpolymers with moderately low molecular weight distributions (<1.31). The polymers were characterized with 1H NMR, ultraviolet, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3947–3957, 2006
Note on ‘Construction of Double Sampling s‐Control Charts for Agile Manufacturing’
Authors: Hsu Lie‐Fern 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHe and Grigoryan (Quality and Reliability Engineering International 2002; 18:343–355) formulated the design of a double‐sampling (DS) s control chart as an optimization problem and solved it with a genetic algorithm. They concluded that the DS s control charts can be a more economically preferable alternative in detecting small shifts than traditional s control charts. We explain that, since they only considered the average sample size when the process is in control, their conclusion is questionable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian meta‐analysis and meta‐regression for gene–disease associations and deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Authors: Salanti Georgia , Higgins Julian P. T. , Trikalinos Thomas A. , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractViolation of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) can raise doubts about the validity of the conclusions from genetic association studies. However, for most currently performed gene–disease association studies, the available tests have low power to detect deviations from HWE. We consider this issue from a meta‐analysis perspective, and suggest an approach to estimate the deviation and investigate its relationship with the observed genetic effects. Different degrees of deviation from HWE have previously been proposed as a potential source of heterogeneity across studies. We present a hierarchical meta‐regression model that can be applied to test this assumption, using the concept of the fixation coefficient. We re‐analyse seven meta‐analyses to illustrate these methods. The uncertainty in the genetic effect estimate tended to increase once the fixation coefficient was taken into account. Dependence of the genetic effect size on the deviation from HWE was found in one meta‐analysis, while in the other six examples, deviations from HWE did not clearly explain between‐study heterogeneity in the genetic effects. The proposed hierarchical models allow the synthesis of data across gene–disease association studies with appropriate consideration of HWE issues. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opioid and cannabinoid receptors: friends with benefits or just close friends?
Authors: Christie MacDonald J 
Published: May 2006

μ‐Opioid (MOP) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors mediate overlapping pharmacological responses in clinically important areas such as drug abuse and pain management, and functional interactions between agonists at these receptors have long been recognized. In the present issue of this Journal, Rios and co‐workers have provided the first strong evidence that the two receptors interact directly when coexpressed in the same cells. The authors report a close physical association between MOP and CB1 receptors and novel pharmacological interactions of MOP and CB1 agonists. They argue that MOP/CB1 heterodimer formation explains these interactions. If correct, the direct interaction of MOP and CB1 pharmacophores in a quaternary complex would provide real benefits by opening the potential for development of novel MOP/CB1 small molecules or new strategies for use of current ligands. However, a lot more evidence will be required before the heterodimer interpretation can be accepted. If it turns out that MOP and CB1 receptors do not readily form hetero‐oligomers, the study by Rios and co‐workers shows that they are still friends but there may be few benefits.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 385–386. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706756
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the transferrin-binding protein 2 gene fromActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Fang Wang , Kong-Wang He 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo amplify the transferrin-binding protein 2 (Tbp2) gene fromActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(App) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a pair of primers were designed according to sequence Z46774 ofA. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 5. The amplified DNA fragment (1642 bp) was cloned into pMD18-T and sequenced. The sequencing result showed that the homology was 99.8% compared with the reference sequence. The target fragment of the positive clones was inserted into pET-32a and transformed inEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3). After its induction, the fragment was expressed inE. coli. The Western blotting results were positive.
In vivo effects of imatinib mesylate on human haematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Agis H. , Jaeger E. , Doninger B. , Sillaber C. , Marosi C. , Drach J. , Schwarzinger I. , Valent P. , Oehler L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  Imatinib mesylate has considerable antineoplastic activity in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and some solid tumours. Although originally regarded as nontoxic for normal haematopoiesis, mild to moderate myelosuppression is a commonly observed side‐effect of this treatment. Recently, this molecule has been shown to suppress normal haematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. This is the first study that has investigated the effect of imatinib on haematopoietic progenitor cells in vivo.Materials and methods  We investigated the number of circulating haematopoietic progenitor cells in 79 patients with CML and five patients with solid tumours who were treated with imatinib for at least 3 months. Bone marrow progenitor cells were assessed in a subgroup of 18 patients with CML after 12 months of imatinib treatment. Results were compared with haematopoietic progenitor cell numbers of normal controls.Results  Circulating progenitors of all classes were significantly decreased in CML up to 24 months of imatinib therapy compared with healthy controls (median progenitor cells in CML after 12 months: CFU‐GM 62, range 0–2543; BFU‐E 216, range 0–3259; CFU‐GEMM 0, range 0–139; versus controls: CFU‐GM 208, range 50–936; BFU‐E 690, range 120–1862; CFU‐GEMM 20, range 4–77; P < 0·001). Similar reductions in the number of progenitor cells derived from bone marrow were found in a subgroup of 18 patients with CML. In patients with solid tumours the number of circulating progenitor cells was significantly lower under treatment with imatinib when compared with the controls. Withdrawal of imatinib in a patient with a malignant brain tumour resulted in a prompt normalization of circulating progenitors.Conclusions  This study suggests that imatinib exerts myelosuppressive effects through inhibition of haematopoietic progenitor cells.
Chondrocranium and cranial muscle morphology in Lysapsus and Pseudis tadpoles (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae)
Authors: Alcalde Leandro , Barg Monica 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe chondrocranium and cranial muscles of Lysapsus limellum, Pseudis cardosoi, P. minuta and four subspecies of P. paradoxa (caribensis, occidentalis, paradoxa and platensis) are described. Lysapsus and Pseudis are related to the Hylidae by: (1) vertical processus anterolateralis of the larval crista parotica, and (2) presence of m. mandibulolabialis inferior and superior (the latter reversed in P. cardosoi). We confirm some larval synapomorphies previously proposed for the pseudids, except the m. subarcualis obliquus II having one head and the absence of copula anterior. We add three new features for the pseudids: (1) the distal end of ceratobranchiales III and IV projects towards either the capsula auditiva (Lysapsus) or the processus basicapsularis – new term – (Pseudis); (2) the arcus subocularis is twice as wide at the level of the processus ascendens as it is just posterior to the processus muscularis quadrati, and (3) the lateral corner of the processus articularis quadrati largely projects laterally. We diagnose Lysapsus larvae (the states of Pseudis in parentheses) as follows: (1) short processus pseudopterygoideus (long), (2) absence of lateral development of larval crista parotica (presence), (3) absence of commissura proximalis II (presence), (4) presence of processus lateralis hyalis – new term – (absence), (5) absence of processus basicapsularis (presence), (6) processus ascendens slightly curved along its entire extent (curved at the union with the basi cranii only), and (7) absence of m. tympanopharyngeus (presence).
Sound production in two carapids (Carapus acus and C. mourlani) and through the sea cucumber tegument
Authors: Parmentier Eric , Fine Michael , Vandewalle Pierre , Ducamp Jean‐Jacques , Lagardère Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2006

AbstractParmentier, E., Fine, M., Vandewalle, P., Ducamp, J.‐J. and Lagardère, J.‐P. 2006. Sound production in two carapids (Carapus acus and C. mourlani) and throught the sea cucumber teguments. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 87: 113–119 Carapus acus and Carapus mourlani are able to live inside sea cucumbers and sea stars respectively. Unlike other carapids whose sounds have been recorded (C. boraborensis, C. homei and Encheliophis gracilis), these two species have a central constriction in their swimbladder and are unlikely to encounter heterospecific carapids within their hosts. We evoked sound production in Carapus acus and Carapus mourlani by adding several individuals to a tank with a single host and found that their sounds differ substantially from the sounds emitted by other carapids in pulse length, peak frequency and sharpness of tuning (Q3 dB). Unlike the other carapids, C. mourlani and C. acus produce shorter and less repetitive sounds and do not produce sounds when they enter their host. Since sounds produced within a sea cucumber have the potential to be heard by distant carapids and are typically recorded outside the sea cucumber, we examined the effect of the sea cucumber tegument on acoustic transmission. Attenuation by the tegument was negligible at the frequencies within carapid sounds. Therefore, carapids have the potential to call from the relative safety of a sea cucumber without sacrificing the distance over which their transmissions are heard.
Sperm morphology of five species of Colostethus (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from Brazil, with phylogenetic comments
Authors: Veiga‐Menoncello Ana Cristina P. , Lima Albertina P. , Recco‐Pimentel Shirlei M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe describe the sperm ultrastructure of five species of Colostethus from Brazil. The general structures of the spermatozoa (acrosomal complex and flagellar apparatus) were similar to species within the Bufonoidea. Colostethus brunneus, Colostethus sp. (aff. trilineatus), Colostethus nidicola and Colostethus sp. had biflagellated spermatozoa, whereas the spermatozoa of Colostethus stepheni had a single flagellum, a characteristic previously unknown for this genus. In addition, the spermatozoa of this species showed some mitochondria within the thick, undulating membrane. These characteristics are apparently common to dendrobatid species that have a single flagellum. Based on these findings, we tentatively consider biflagellarity to be an apomorphic condition in the Dendrobatidae. In addition, the results described here do not support the proposed regrouping of the ‘brunneus’ and ‘alagoanus’ groups in a monophyletic ‘trilineatus’ group.
Disease‐specific quality of life among patients with localized prostate cancer: an Australian perspective
Authors: NEWTON FIONA J. , BURNEY SUE , MILLAR JEREMY L. , FRYDENBERG MARK , NG KIM T. 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVESTo examine differences in sexual, urinary and bowel function, and bother, in patients with prostate cancer after treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiation (EBRT), compared to a convenience sample of men with no diagnosis of prostate cancer, as little is known about the disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of men in Australia after treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study was a retrospective cross‐sectional survey of 95 controls, 82 men with localized prostate cancer treated with RP and 39 with EBRT at ≥ 2 years before data were collected. Disease‐specific HRQoL was assessed using the University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index, a validated measure that includes six subscales addressing sexual, urinary and bowel symptoms, and level of bother associated with the symptoms. Univariate analyses were conducted to ascertain differences in disease‐specific HRQoL among the three groups. To minimize the influence of other factors, age and comorbid medical conditions were included as covariates.RESULTSMen treated with RP had more sexual and urinary symptoms (both P < 0.001) than those treated with EBRT, and more sexual bother (P < 0.001). Men treated with EBRT reported significantly worse bowel function (P = 0.02) and more bother (P < 0.001) with these symptoms than those who had RP.CONCLUSIONSExcept for bowel dysfunction and the bother associated with these symptoms, disease‐specific HRQoL was generally worse after RP than EBRT.
Interpersonal predictors of onset of depression during the transition to adulthood
Authors: EBERHART NICOLE K. , HAMMEN CONSTANCE L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThere is evidence that depression during adolescence and early adulthood is marked by deficits in interpersonal functioning. However, few studies have prospectively examined whether interpersonal difficulties are a risk factor for depression onset, so it is unclear whether these deficits in interpersonal functioning are products or predictors of depression. The present study aimed to clarify the direction of association between interpersonal factors and depression by examining whether social factors longitudinally predicted onset of depression in a diverse sample of young women with no history of depression. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for baseline depressive symptoms indicated that poorer family relationship quality and anxious attachment cognitions predicted onset of depressive episodes during the 2‐year period. Further, a wide variety of interpersonal factors predicted depressive symptoms over 6 months, including poor peer and family relationship quality, difficulty being close to others, and difficulty depending on others, controlling for baseline depressive symptoms and college attendance. The results provide evidence for the importance of an interpersonal perspective on vulnerability to depression.
Effects of overexpression of IL-10, IL-12, TGF-β and IL-4 on allergen induced change in bronchial responsiveness
Authors: Fu Chi-Ling , Ye Yi-Ling , Lee Yueh-Lun , Chiang Bor-Luen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing prevalence of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, has been noted worldwide. Allergic asthma strongly correlates with airway inflammation caused by the unregulated production of cytokines secreted by allergen-specific type-2 T helper (Th2) cells. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of the airway gene transfer of IL-12, IL-10 and TGF-β on airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma.MethodsBALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal injections with OVA and challenged by nebulized OVA. Different cytokine gene plasmids or non-coding vector plasmids were instilled daily into the trachea up to one day before the inhalatory OVA challenge phase.ResultsIntratracheal administration of IL-10, IL-12 or TGF-β can efficiently inhibit antigen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and is able to largely significantly lower the number of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice during the effector phase. Furthermore, the effect of IL-10 plasmids is more remarkable than any other cytokine gene plasmid. On the other hand, local administration of IL-4 gene plasmids before antigen challenge can induce severe airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia.ConclusionOur data demonstrated that anti- inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-10, have the therapeutic potential for the alleviation of airway inflammation in murine model of asthma.
Use of an integrated clinical trial database to evaluate the effect of timing of drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment in severe sepsis
Authors: Vincent Jean-Louis , O'Brien James , Wheeler Arthur , Wittebole Xavier , Garg Rekha , Trzaskoma Benjamin L , Sundin David P 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have indicated that early identification and treatment of patients with severe sepsis using standard supportive care improves outcomes. Earlier treatment with drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA) may also improve outcomes in severe sepsis. Using a recently constructed integrated severe sepsis database, our objectives in this study were to describe the influence of baseline clinical characteristics on timing of DrotAA treatment in patients with severe sepsis, to evaluate the efficacy of DrotAA with respect to timing of administration, and to examine the association between early intervention with DrotAA and patient outcomes, using adjustments for imbalances.

Methods
The database comprises data from 4,459 patients with severe sepsis (DrotAA, n = 3,228; placebo, n = 1,231) included in five clinical trials conducted in tertiary care institutions in 28 countries. Placebo data came only from randomized trials, whereas data for the DrotAA group came from randomized (PROWESS) and open-label/observational (ENHANCE) trials.

Results
Increased time-to-treatment with DrotAA was significantly associated with more organ dysfunction, greater need of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, or recent surgery. Earlier treatment was associated with higher baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores. Adjusted and unadjusted survival analyses suggested that compared with placebo, DrotAA treatment provided a potential survival benefit, regardless of time to treatment. Survival curves of DrotAA patients treated early compared with those treated late began to separate at 14 days. By 28 days, patients treated earlier had higher survival than those treated later (76.4% versus 73.5%, p = 0.03). Sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction was the most common cause of death followed by refractory shock and respiratory failure. Modeling of the treatment effect, as a function of time to treatment, suggested increased benefit with earlier treatment.

Conclusion
Using an integrated database of five severe sepsis trials and appropriate statistical adjustments to reduce sources of potential bias, earlier treatment with DrotAA seemed to be associated with a lower risk-adjusted mortality than later treatment. These data suggest that earlier treatment with DrotAA may provide most benefit for appropriate patients.
[1,1′-Bi-2-naphthalenediolato(2−)-O,O′]oxotitanium. An Efficient Chiral Catalyst for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Aldehydes
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Inubushi Atsuro , Suda Shinji , Hara Ryuichiro , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of [(R)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthalenediolato(2−)-O,O′]oxotitanium, silyl enol ethers of thioesters react with aldehydes to afford the corresponding aldol adducts in high yields with good to high ees.
Facile Synthesis of Optically Active anti-α,β-Dihydroxy Ester Derivatives
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Uchiro Hiromi , Shiina Isamu , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Anti-α,β-dihydroxy thioesters are prepared with excellent enantioselectivities by the asymmetric aldol reaction between both achiral aldehydes and silyl enol ethers derived from α-benzyloxy thioesters in the presence of a chiral promoter consisted of chiral diamine coordinated tin(II) triflate and dibutyltindiacetate.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Polymers Modified with Perfluoroalkyl Groups by Covalent and Ionic Bonds
Authors: Tamura Masanori , Sekiya Akira , Song Bong-Keun 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Long chain perfluoroalkyl groups were introduced to polyallylamine by both amide and ionic bonds, and Langmuir–Blodgett films of these polymers were successfully prepared even if the modification ratio of perfluoroalkyl groups was much higher than polymer LB films modified with perfluoroalkyl groups by covalent bonds. Characterization of the LB films indicated that these LB films showed better water-repellency than ion complex type LB films.
Lewis Acid-Mediated Reaction of 2,2-Dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic Esters with Ketene Silyl Acetals. Synthesis of Cyclopentenones
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko , Shimada Shigeru , Shibasaki Toshifumi , Hasegawa Masaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A novel [3+2] type reaction of 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters with ketene silyl acetals, mediated by titanium(IV) chloride, afforded 3-alkoxy-2- (or -3-) cyclopentenone derivatives.