bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gelatinisation level, gum and transglutaminase on the quality characteristics of rice noodle
Authors: Yalcin Seda , Basman Arzu 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of gelatinisation level, gum (locust bean gum, xanthan gum, 3%) and/or transglutaminase (TG, 0.5%) on quality characteristics of rice noodle. In order to improve the dough forming ability, rice flour was gelatinised at levels of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Noodle samples were evaluated in terms of cooking loss, total organic matter (TOM), water absorption, swelling volume, maximum force, colour, sensory properties, pasting properties. Noodle sample with a gelatinisation level of 25% had better cooking and sensory properties. Gum and/or TG were added to this noodle formula. The noodle samples including xanthan gum had better cooking and sensory properties. TG caused a significant decrease in TOM. The samples including locust bean gum had significantly higher maximum force values. Xanthan gum caused decreases in some Rapid ViscoAnalyzer viscosity values of the noodle samples, while locust bean gum caused increases.
The effect of pectin concentration on viscoelastic and sensory properties of processed cheese
Authors: Macků Ivana , Buňka František , Pavlínek Vladimír , Leciánová Petra , Hrabě Jan 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe effect of pectin addition on viscoelastic properties of model processed cheeses with 40% w/w dry matter and 50% w/w fat in dry matter after 42 days of storage at temperature 6 ± 2 °C has been investigated using dynamic oscillation rheometry (plate–plate geometry; frequency range 0.1–50.0 Hz; temperature 20 °C). The role of pectin concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% w/w) has been studied. Also, the sensory evaluation of samples has been made to assess cheese appearance, rigidity, spreadability and flavour. All samples with the pectin addition were more rigid and less spreadable compared with processed cheeses without pectin. With the increasing concentration of pectin the storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli rose at the whole tested frequency range (0.1–50.0 Hz). Growing pectin content resulted in the decrease in loss tangent (the nature of gel was changed to more elastic material). The dependence of processed cheese rigidity on pectin concentration (in range 0–0.8% w/w) was not linear. The appearance and flavour were not worse by pectin addition.
The effect of cutting and fish‐orientation systems on the deheading yield of carp
Authors: Dowgiallo Andrzej 
Published: August 2008

SummaryApplied research into carp‐deheading yield indicated that the V‐cut with two circular knives averaged 77.9%; the V‐cut with one cup‐type knife – 75.6%, and the straight cut at a 79° angle to the fish backbone – 77.4%. The yield averages for deheaded and gutted carp were 63.6%, 62.4% and 62.9%, respectively. Standard analysis of variance demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean yields of these three deheading systems. Furthermore, the potential influence of the fish‐orientation system in close connection with the cutting systems on the deheading yield was analysed. This indicated that, with the same yields, the straight‐cutting system simplifies the precise orientation of the fish in relation to the cutting knives.
Differences in chemical, microbial and sensory quality parameters of the marinated ascidiaMicrocosmus sabatieriRoule, 1885 during storage at 6 °C under vacuum conditions
Authors: Stamatis Nikolaos , Arkoudelos John , Vafidis Dimitris 
Published: August 2008

SummaryChemical, microbial and sensory quality aspects of the marinated ascidiaMicrocosmus sabatieriRoule, 1885, were examined over a 150‐day period at 6 °C, under vacuum and air (control) packaging conditions using three different formulations (with 12% sodium chloride and 3%, 5% or 7% acetic acid). Significant differences were found between chemical and sensory analysis of three different marinated groups (P > 0.05) during the storage period. There were also significant differences in pseudomonads, lactic acid bacteria and yeast and moulds of the marinated groups by which lower bacterial counts were determined.N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, ammonia and total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (P > 0.05) in all three groups during storage. The differences in fatty acid and ammonia concentrations were found to be useful as indexes of freshness and decomposition of marinatedM. sabatieriin storage. Shelf life ofM. sabatierimarinades was found to be 5 and 4 months under vacuum and air (control) packaging conditions respectively, at 6 °C.
An improvedin situhybridization method for the detection of fish pathogens
Authors: McCarthy Ú M , Urquhart K L , Bricknell I R 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) method was developed for detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in paraffin‐embedded tissues of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL. Several methods of probe labelling and detection were evaluated and found unsuitable for FISH because of tissue autofluorescence. Likewise, the use of avidin to detect biotin‐labelled probe was obviated by the presence of endogenous biotin. An existing approach, using digoxigenin (DIG)‐labelled probes and detection by anti‐DIG antibody‐labelled with alkaline phosphatase, was modified to use a fluorescent substrate, 2‐hydroxy‐3‐naphthoic acid‐2′‐phenylanilide phosphate/4‐chloro‐2‐methylbenzene diazonium hemi‐zinc chloride salt (HNPP/Fast Red TR). This improved method allowed sensitive detection of IPNV target, without interference from autofluorescence or endogenous alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the reporter produces a discrete, non‐fading signal, which is particularly suitable for analysis by confocal microscopy.
Application of the rpoS gene for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in flounder and prawn by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Kim D‐G , Bae J‐Y , Hong G‐E , Min M‐K , Kim J‐K , Kong I‐S 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Vibrio anguillarum, an opportunistic fish pathogen, is the main species responsible for vibriosis, a disease that affects feral and farmed fish and shellfish, and causes considerable economic losses in marine aquaculture. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect V. anguillarum. PCR specificity was evaluated by amplifying the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, in six strains of V. anguillarum and 36 other bacterial species. PCR amplified a species‐specific fragment (689 bp) from V. anguillarum. Furthermore, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect rpoS expression from 3 pg of genomic DNA, or from six colony‐forming units (CFU) mL−1 of cultured V. anguillarum. However, the assay was less sensitive when genomic DNA from the infected flounder and prawn was used (limit of detection, 50 ng and 10 ng g−1 tissue, respectively). These data demonstrate that PCR amplification of the rpoS gene is a sensitive and species‐specific method to detect V. anguillarum in practical situations.
Cell culture detection of microvascular cell death in clinical specimens of human neoplasms and peripheral blood
Authors: Weisenthal L. M. , Patel N. , Rueff‐Weisenthal C. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract.Background.  Angiogenesis studies are limited by the clinical relevance of laboratory model systems. We developed a new method for measuring dead microvascular (MV) cells in clinical tissue, fluid and blood specimens, and applied this system to make several potentially novel observations relating to cancer pharmacology.Methods.  Dead MV cells tend to have a hyperchromatic, refractile quality, further enhanced during the process of staining with Fast Green and counterstaining with either haematoxylin–eosin or Wright–Giemsa. We used this system to quantify the relative degree of direct antitumour versus anti‐MV effects of cisplatin, erlotinib, imatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, gefitinib and bevacizumab.Results.  Bevacizumab had striking anti‐MV effects and minimal antitumour effects; cisplatin had striking antitumour effects and minimal anti‐MV effects. The `nib' drugs had mixed antitumour and anti‐MV effects. Anti‐MV effects of erlotinib and gefitinib were equal to those of sunitinib and sorafenib. There was no detectable VEGF in culture medium without cells; tumour cells secreted copious VEGF, reduced to undetectable levels by bevacizumab, greatly reduced by cytotoxic levels of cisplatin + anguidine, and variably reduced by DMSO and/or ethanol. We observed anti‐MV additivity between bevacizumab and other drugs on an individual patient basis. Peripheral blood specimens had numerous MV cells which were strikingly visualized for quantification with public domain image analysis software using bevacizumab essentially as an imaging reagent.Conclusions.  This system could be adapted for simple, inexpensive and sensitive/specific detection of tissue and circulating MV cells in a variety of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic conditions, and for drug development and individualized cancer treatment.
Binding of the periodontitis associated bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis to glycoproteins from human epithelial cells
Authors: Hallén U. , Björkner A. E. , Hallberg E. C. 
Published: August 2008

Introduction:  In the present study we examined the ability of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis to adhere to glycoconjugates on intact cells and to protein preparations of epithelial cells (KB cells).Methods:  The KB cell protein preparation was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes by Western blotting. The membranes were used in overlay assays with labeled P. gingivalis. Flow cytometry was used to analyze attachment of bacteria to intact KB cells.Results:  Glycoconjugate expression on the KB cells and in the protein preparation was confirmed. Binding was detected to several bands on the Western blots. Flow cytometry showed a distinct increase in fluorescence for strain FDC 381. Preincubation of the bacteria with mannose, fucose, N‐acetylglucosamine and N‐acetylgalactosamine inhibited the binding to KB cells by approximately 30% whereas preincubation with N‐acetylneuraminic acid reduced the binding by 60%.Conclusion:  These results indicate that carbohydrate structures are involved in the binding process of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells and that neuraminic acid plays a significant role in the adhesion process.
Rapid identification of oral anaerobic bacteria cultivated from subgingival biofilm by MALDI‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Stîngu C. S. , Rodloff A. C. , Jentsch H. , Schaumann R. , Eschrich K. 
Published: August 2008

Introduction:  To facilitate the identification of anaerobes cultivated from periodontal disease, whole cell bacterial identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) was evaluated.Methods:  A total of 84 strains (nine reference strains and 75 recent clinical isolates from 33 patients with aggressive periodontitis) previously identified with phenotypic methods were used. All the references and 10 clinical isolates belonging to the same species as the reference strains were genotypically identified by sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. All the strains were then analyzed using MALDI‐TOF‐MS.Results:  The reference strains of anaerobic bacteria used showed characteristic MALDI‐TOF‐MS spectra with peaks between m/z 2000 and up to about m/z 13,000. On visual inspection, the similarity of spectra produced by strains of a single genus could be recognized. Obvious differences between spectra produced by strains of different species were also easily noticed. The reproducibility of the method was proved by the similarity of spectra belonging to the same species. The spectra of the Prevotella intermedia strains identified with MALDI clustered together and clustered separately from the spectra of Prevotella nigrescens, proving that MALDI‐TOF‐MS is an accurate method that is capable of separating these two species. The quality of clustering was characterized by calculating an inconsistency coefficient (Mathworks:/Matlab Reference Manual v2007a/, Statistical toolbox).Conclusion:  Our results suggest that MALDI‐TOF‐MS might become a useful method for the identification of anaerobic bacteria, especially for those that cannot be readily identified by biochemical analysis. It may become an attractive system even for the routine identification of clinical isolates.
Molecular identification and quantification of bacteria from endodontic infections using real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Blome B. , Braun A. , Sobarzo V. , Jepsen S. 
Published: August 2008

Introduction:  It was the aim of the present study to evaluate root canal samples for the presence and numbers of specific species as well as for total bacterial load in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods:  Forty adult patients with one radiographically documented periapical lesion were included. Twenty teeth presented with primary infections and 20 with secondary infections, requiring retreatment. After removal of necrotic pulp tissue or root canal filling, a first bacterial sample was obtained. Following chemo‐mechanical root canal preparation a second sample was taken and a third sample was obtained after 14 days of intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide. Analysis by real‐time PCR enabled the quantification of total bacterial counts and of nine selected species.Results:  Root canals with primary infections harbored significantly more bacteria (by total bacterial count) than teeth with secondary infections (P < 0.05). Mean total bacterial count in the retreatment group was 2.1 × 106 and was significantly reduced following root canal preparation (3.6 × 104) and intracanal dressing (1.4 × 105). Corresponding values for primary infections were: 4.6 × 107, 3.6 × 104, and 6.9 × 104. The numbers of the selected bacteria and their detection frequency were also significantly reduced.Conclusion:  Root canals with primary infections contained a higher bacterial load. Chemo‐mechanical root canal preparation reduced bacterial counts by at least 95%.
Immunohistochemical localization of Toll‐like receptors 1–10 in periodontitis
Authors: Beklen A. , Hukkanen M. , Richardson R. , Konttinen Y. T. 
Published: August 2008

Background/aim:  In periodontitis, bacteria and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns are sensed by Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), which initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. In this study, the expression and distribution of TLRs (TLR‐1 to TLR‐10) were immunohistochemically detected in gingival epithelium and connective tissue.Methods:  Immunohistochemistry was used for the localization of TLRs in gingival tissue samples from 10 patients with chronic periodontitis and 10 healthy controls; these samples were obtained during routine periodontal flap operations and during extraction operations performed for retained wisdom teeth, respectively. For the evaluation, epithelial layers were stratified to basal, spinous, and superficial layers, and the percentages of TLR‐positive cells were determined.Results:  Both healthy and periodontitis gingival tissues expressed all TLRs except TLR‐10. In patients with periodontitis, epithelial cells showed increased TLR expression towards the basal layer. Healthy controls showed more variable cellular TLR expression and distribution between the layers of epithelium. In the connective tissue, consistently higher TLR expression was found within the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group.Conclusions:  For the first time, the cellular expression and distribution of TLR‐1 to TLR‐10 have been studied in periodontitis, indicating that TLR‐1 to TLR‐9 are differentially expressed both in connective tissue and epithelial layers. Except for TLR‐7 and TLR‐8, all the other TLRs showed statistically significant differences between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Stimulation of epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐2, ‐9, ‐13) and interleukin‐8 secretion by fusobacteria
Authors: Gursoy U. K. , Könönen E. , Uitto V.‐J. 
Published: August 2008

Background/aims:  Bacterial pathogens involved in periodontal diseases exert their destructive effects primarily by stimulating the host cells to increase their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study aimed to determine the epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinase and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) secretion upon exposure to fusobacteria.Methods:  Eight different oral and non‐oral Fusobacterium strains were incubated with HaCaT epithelial cells. Gelatin zymography and Western blot analysis were performed to detect collagenase 3 (MMP‐13), gelatinase A (MMP‐2), gelatinase B (MMP‐9), and IL‐8 secretion by epithelial cells.Results:  All Fusobacterium strains, especially Fusobacterium necrophorum ATCC 25286, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, and Fusobacterium varium ATCC 51644, increased MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 secretion. Fusobacterium simiae ATCC 33568, and to a lesser extent F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum, increased epithelial MMP‐2 secretion. F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum also increased IL‐8 secretion. F. varium ATCC 27725, a strain that only weakly stimulated MMP production, strongly increased the IL‐8 production, suggesting that their expression is differently regulated.Conclusion:  We conclude that the pathogenic potential of fusobacteria may partly result from their ability to stimulate secretion of MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and IL‐8 from epithelial cells.
Single gavage withPorphyromonas gingivalisreduces acute systemic nitric oxide response in mice
Authors: Nemec A. , Pavlica Z. , Šentjurc M. , Crossley D. A. , Jerin A. , Eržen D. , Zdovc I. , Petelin M. , Skalerič U. 
Published: August 2008

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, can also induce host responses in distant tissues.P. gingivalisinduces nitric oxide (NO) production in immune system cells and non‐immune system cells, therefore NO might be involved in an acute systemic host response.Methods: Eighteen female BALB/c mice were perorally inoculated with 108colony‐forming units liveP. gingivalisATCC 33277. Plasma nitrite and nitrate (NOx) and NO production in lungs, aorta, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain were measured at intervals after inoculation and compared with levels in 11 control animals.Results: NOx levels were significantly (P = 0.017) lower at 7, 13, and 25 h afterP. gingivalisinoculation. A similar trend in NO production occurred in most tested organs, but never reached statistical significance. The correlation between NOx in plasma and NO in liver was positive (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.81,P = 0.0025) and marginal for kidney (0.58,P = 0.059).Conclusion: Single peroral inoculation of mice withP. gingivalisreduces the acute systemic NO response. As NO is important for host defense, the reduction of NO levels after exposure is likely to delay the host response, increasing the chances that infection withP. gingivaliswill become established.
Components of Relationship Quality in Chimpanzees
Authors: Fraser Orlaith N. , Schino Gabriele , Aureli Filippo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA novel approach to studying social relationships in captive adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was taken by using principal components analysis (PCA) to extract three key components of relationship quality from nine behavioural variables. Based on the loadings of the behavioural variables, the components appeared to match previously hypothesized critical aspects of social relationships and were therefore labelled Value, Compatibility and Security. The effects of kinship, sex combination, age difference and time spent together on each of the relationship quality components were analysed. As expected, kin were found to have more valuable, compatible and secure relationships than non‐kin. Female–female dyads were found to be more compatible than male–male or mixed‐sex dyads, whereas the latter were found to be most secure. Partners of a similar age were found to have more secure and more valuable relationships than those with a larger age gap. Individuals that were together in the group for longer were more valuable and more compatible, but their relationships were found to be less secure than individuals that were together in the group for a shorter time. Although some of the results may be unexpected based on chimpanzee socio‐ecology, they fit well overall with the history and social dynamics of the study group. The methods used confer a significant advantage in producing quantitative composite measures of each component of relationship quality, obtained in an objective manner. These findings therefore promote the use of such measures in future studies requiring an assessment of the qualities of dyadic social relationships.
Tail‐Flicking, Tail‐Flagging, and Tail Position in Ungulates with Special Reference to Black‐Tailed Deer
Authors: Stankowich Theodore 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTesting the functional significance of antipredator behaviors is exceedingly difficult given their potential dual functions (i.e., conspecific warning and pursuit deterrence), and this task is made even more difficult when the same term is used to describe different behavioral patterns by different authors. Tail movements and rump patch exposure in ungulates are well‐documented phenomena, but the functional significance of each has remained elusive. I discuss the confusion in the literature regarding the definition of tail movements, redefine two behavioral patterns and three tail positions, and examine their performance in Columbian black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in response to an approaching human. ‘Tail‐flicking’, the brief swaying of the tail to one side or the other, was most commonly associated with feeding behavior, and ‘tail‐flagging’, the lateral side‐to‐side movement of the tail in rapid succession, was common during both feeding and alert behaviors. Tail‐flicking and tail‐flagging: (i) were performed by both calm/foraging deer and alarmed deer; (ii) probably lack naturally selected antipredator function but may have the benefit of providing public information to conspecifics about potential danger, and (iii) likely lay at opposite ends of a continuum of tail movements that are the result of agitation and motor reflexes involved in locomotion, where flagging indicates greater agitation than flicking. Deer held their tail ‘erect’ during bouts of rapid flight, including stotting and trotting, and erected their tails sooner after flight during more threatening approaches. Tail erection as a behavioral pattern is an antigravity reflex performed when preparing for locomotion and probably lacks antipredator function. However, tail erection likely facilitated the evolution of bright rump patches in ungulates, which were probably shaped by natural selection to serve multiple antipredator or thermoregulatory functions.