bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Richardson Rebecca , Connell Tanya , Foster Mandie , Blamires Julie , Keshoor Smita , Moir Chris , Zeng Irene Suilan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuicide remains the second most common cause of death in young people aged 10–24 years and is a growing concern globally. The literature reports a vast number of factors that can predispose an adolescent to suicidality at an individual, relational, community, or societal level. There is limited high-level research identifying and understanding these risk and protective factors of adolescent suicidality. The present study used an umbrella review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from the review literature in the past 20 years on risk and protective factors of self-harm and suicidality (behavior and ideation) in adolescents. The umbrella review included 33 quantitative reviews with 1149 individual studies on suicidality and self-harm. Based on the data synthesis, it compared the public health impact of exposure on the population of the identified exposure. Bullying victimization was the most attributed environmental exposure for suicidality. The other identified significant school and individual factors were sleeping disturbance, school absenteeism, and exposure to antidepressants. Several significant vulnerable young populations were identified with significantly higher prevalence of suicidality, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning) youth and those with mental health disorders, problem behaviors, previous suicidality, self-harm, and gender (female). A person-centered approach emphasizing connectedness and bully-free school environments should be a priority focus for schools, health professionals, and public health policymakers.
Cox model inference for relative hazard and pure risk from stratified weight-calibrated case-cohort data
Authors: Etievant Lola , Gail Mitchell H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe case-cohort design obtains complete covariate data only on cases and on a random sample (the subcohort) of the entire cohort. Subsequent publications described the use of stratification and weight calibration to increase efficiency of estimates of Cox model log-relative hazards, and there has been some work estimating pure risk. Yet there are few examples of these options in the medical literature, and we could not find programs currently online to analyze these various options. We therefore present a unified approach and R software to facilitate such analyses. We used influence functions adapted to the various design and analysis options together with variance calculations that take the two-phase sampling into account. This work clarifies when the widely used “robust” variance estimate of Barlow (Biometrics 50:1064–1072, 1994) is appropriate. The corresponding R software, CaseCohortCoxSurvival, facilitates analysis with and without stratification and/or weight calibration, for subcohort sampling with or without replacement. We also allow for phase-two data to be missing at random for stratified designs. We provide inference not only for log-relative hazards in the Cox model, but also for cumulative baseline hazards and covariate-specific pure risks. We hope these calculations and software will promote wider use of more efficient and principled design and analysis options for case-cohort studies.
ACSL4 accelerates osteosarcoma progression via modulating TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Chen Qianfen , Zhao Duo , Tan Jianshi , Liao Rongbo , Gu Yurong , Zhu Jinwei , Zhang Huying , Xie Jian , Chen Lu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone sarcoma arising from mesenchymal stem cells. The biological role of Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), recently identified as an oncogene in numerous tumor types, remains largely unclear in OS. In this study, we investigated the expression of ACSL4 in OS tissues using immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) staining of a human tissue microarray and in OS cells by qPCR assay. Our findings revealed a significant up-regulation of ACSL4 in both OS tissues and cells. To further understand its biological effects, we conducted a series of loss-of-function experiments using ACSL4-depleted MNNG/HOS and U-2OS cell lines, focusing on OS cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in vitro. Our results demonstrated that ACSL4 knockdown remarkably suppressed OS cell proliferation, arrested cells in the G2 phase, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration. Additionally, a subcutaneous xenograft mice model was established to validate the in vivo impact of ACSL4, revealing ACSL4 silencing impaired tumor growth in the OS xenograft mice. Additionally, we discovered that ACSL4 could regulate the phosphorylation level of Smad2 through cooperative interactions, and treatment with a TGF-β inhibitor weakened the promoting effects of ACSL4 overexpression. In short, ACSL4 regulated OS progression by modulating TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway. These findings underscore ACSL4 as a promising therapeutic target for OS patients and contribute novel insights into the pathogenesis of OS.
Graphical abstract
Sex differences in adverse events in Medicare individuals ≥ 66 years of age post glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Dmukauskas Mantas , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A. , Sloan Andrew E. , Neff Corey , Price Mackenzie , Ostrom Quinn T. , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with the highest incidence occurring in older adults with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years old. While treatment often improves survival it brings toxicities and adverse events (AE). Here we identify sex differences in treatment patterns and AE in individuals ≥ 66 years at diagnosis with GB.

Methods
Using the SEER-Medicare dataset sex differences in adverse events were assessed using multivariable logistic regression performed to calculate the male/female odds ratio (M/F OR) and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] of experiencing an AE adjusted for demographic variables and Elixhauser comorbidity score.

Results
Males with GB were more likely to receive standard of care (SOC; Surgery with concurrent radio-chemotherapy) [20%] compared to females [17%], whereas females were more likely to receive no treatment [26%] compared to males [21%]. Females with GB receiving SOC were more likely to develop gastrointestinal disorders (M/F OR = 0.76; 95% CI,0.64–0.91, p = 0.002) or blood and lymphatic system disorders (M/F OR = 0.79; 95% CI,0.66–0.95, p = 0.012). Males with GB receiving SOC were more likely to develop cardiac disorders (M/F OR = 1.21; 95% CI,1.02–1.44, p = 0.029) and renal disorders (M/F OR = 1.65; 95% CI,1.37–2.01, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Sex differences for individuals, 66 years and older, diagnosed with GB exist in treatment received and adverse events developed across different treatment modalities.
MASPEX-Europa: The Europa Clipper Neutral Gas Mass Spectrometer Investigation
Authors: Waite J. H. , Burch J. L. , Brockwell T. G. , Young D. T. , Miller G. P. , Persyn S. C. , Stone J. M. , Wilson P. , Miller K. E. , Glein C. R. , Perryman R. S. , McGrath M. A. , Bolton S. J. , McKinnon W. B. , Mousis O. , Sephton M. A. , Shock E. L. , Choukroun M. , Teolis B. D. , Wyrick D. Y. , Zolotov M. Y. , Ray C. , Magoncelli A. L. , Raffanti R. R. , Thorpe R. L. , Bouquet A. , Salter T. L. , Robinson K. J. , Urdiales C. , Tyler Y. D. , Dirks G. J. , Beebe C. R. , Fugett D. A. , Alexander J. A. , Hanley J. J. , Moorhead-Rosenberg Z. A. , Franke K. A. , Pickens K. S. , Focia R. J. , Magee B. A. , Hoeper P. J. , Aaron D. P. , Thompson S. L. , Persson K. B. , Blase R. C. , Dunn G. F. , Killough R. L. , De Los Santos A. , Rickerson R. J. , Siegmund O. H. W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a high-mass-resolution, high-sensitivity, multi-bounce time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MBTOF) capable of measuring minor species with abundances of sub-parts-per-million in Europa’s sputter-produced and radiolytically modified exosphere and in its oceanic plumes. The goal of the MASPEX-Europa investigation is to determine, through in-situ measurement of the exosphere and plume composition, whether the conditions for habitability exist or have existed on Europa. As conventionally defined, based on our knowledge of Earth life, the three fundamental conditions for habitability are: (1) the presence of liquid water; (2) the presence of organic compounds and the biogenic elements CHNOPS; and (3) a source of energy available for metabolic processes, which for Europa will most probably be chemosynthetic rather than photosynthetic. Condition (1) is already established by previous indirect (magnetic field) measurements, while MASPEX will contribute directly to the evaluation of condition (2) through highly specific compositional measurements in the Europan exosphere and plumes. The composition measurements will also contribute to the test of condition (3) through disequilibrium states of chemical reactions. Thus, the primary goal of MASPEX for Europa Clipper is to assess the habitability of Europa and specifically of its interior ocean. MASPEX has been developed successfully, and its calibration has demonstrated that it meets its specified requirements for sensitivity, dynamic range, and mass resolution. This paper reports the development of the MASPEX scientific investigation, the instrument, its performance, and calibration.
CO2 Conversion via Low-Temperature RWGS Enabled by Multicomponent Catalysts: Could Transition Metals Outperform Pt?
Authors: Torres-Sempere G. , González-Arias J. , Penkova A. , Santos-Muñoz J. L. , Bobadilla L. F. , Odriozola J. A. , Pastor-Pérez L. , Reina T. R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the context of CO2 valorisation, the reverse water–gas shift reaction (RWGS) is gathering momentum since it represents a direct route for CO2 reduction to CO. The endothermic nature of the reaction posses a challenge when it comes to process energy demand making necessary the design of effective low-temperature RWGS catalysts. Herein, multicomponent Cs-promoted Cu, Ni and Pt catalysts supported on TiO2 have been studied in the low-temperature RWGS. Cs resulted an efficient promoter affecting the redox properties of the different catalysts and favouring a strong metal-support interaction effect thus modulating the catalytic behaviour of the different systems. Positive impact of Cs is shown over the different catalysts and overall, it greatly benefits CO selectivity. For instance, Cs incorporation over Ni/TiO2 catalysts increased CO selectivity from 0 to almost 50%. Pt-based catalysts present the best activity/selectivity balance although CuCs/TiO2 catalyst present comparable catalytic activity to Pt-studied systems reaching commendable activity and CO selectivity levels, being an economically appealing alternative for this process.
Where and How Do Phronesis and Emotions Connect?
Authors: Martínez-Priego Consuelo , Romero-Iribas Ana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe aim to map out the points of confluence between phronesis and emotion, as well as the nature of this confluence. We do so based on philosophical and psychological explanations of emotions and phronesis. Making sound decisions, which requires phronesis, is an important matter, but its relationship with emotions has only just begun to be studied. We propose that the interplay between phronesis and emotion is possible (rather than inevitable) because both have a cognitive-behavioural structure and because emotions are hierarchical. In the case of emotion, there are no gaps between the cognitive and behavioural dimensions, while phronetic acts can only manifest if cognitive and behavioural aspects are activated simultaneously. The confluence we identify is bidirectional and involves mutual enrichment in this dual dimension. On the one hand, phronesis enriches emotion because it involves extra subjective knowledge and allows emotion to be directed towards higher goals. On the other hand, emotions enrich phronesis because phronesis makes decisions based on sensitive preferences and because emotions confirm correctness in the context of moral decision making. Methodologically, this study is theoretical and interdisciplinary, as our approach is both philosophical and psychological. Philosophy helps us to improve the conceptual foundation of the construct, while psychology provides an analysis of the emotional process, allowing philosophy to understand how emotional evaluation-assessment and motivation lead to decision making.
Discovering urban nature: citizen science and biodiversity on a university campus
Authors: Tiago P. , Leal A. I. , Rosário I. T. , Chozas S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPreserving biodiversity is a paramount global concern and, in this regard, monitoring urban biodiversity has increasingly taken on a significant role. Citizen science has emerged as a resource for addressing this challenge, offering a cost-effective approach capable of producing extensive data while promoting public engagement. In this work, a Lisbon university campus was used to determine the effectiveness of a citizen science project launched on the BioDiversity4All/iNaturalist platform to monitor urban biodiversity and analyse the influence of different engagement actions on biodiversity observations. The data analysis was based on biodiversity observations, including the temporal evolution of observations, the most frequently observed taxonomic groups, and the impact of promotional actions on project data. Additionally, the profiles of the observers were analyzed to assess their level of engagement and continued involvement in citizen science. The project had an effect on the increase in the number of observers and observations, and it was also possible to see a positive effect of the organized activities. The two indices used showed that Researchers and Students were the observer categories responding the most to the project, followed by Naturalists and Others. The results highlighted the capacity of citizen science to increase interest in biodiversity among both the university community and the general public. Furthermore, this work underlines the role of different strategies such as BioBlitzes, social media campaigns, and formal education activities to reduce the impact of relevant limitations associated with citizen science, namely taxonomic, aesthetic, and temporal biases.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Modelling for the Dynamic Simulation of Urban Catchment Runoff
Authors: Balacumaresan Harshanth , Imteaz Monzur Alam , Aziz Md Abdul , Choudhury Tanveer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe complex topography and inherent nonlinearity affiliated with influential hydrological processes of urban catchments, coupled with limited availability of measured data, limits the prediction accuracy of conventional models. Artificial Neural Network models (ANNs) have displayed commendable progress in recognising and simulating highly complex, non-linear associations allied with input-output variables, with limited comprehension of the underlying physical processes. Therefore, this paper investigates the effectiveness and accuracy of ANN models, in estimating the urban catchment runoff, employing minimal and commonly available hydrological data variables – rainfall and upstream catchment flow data, employing two powerful supervised-learning-algorithms, Bayesian-Regularization (BR) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). Gardiners Creek catchment, encompassed in Melbourne, Australia, with more than thirty years of quality-checked rainfall and streamflow data was chosen as the study location. Two significant storm events that transpired within the last fifteen years - the 4th of February 2011 and the 6th of November 2018, were nominated for calibration and validation of the ANN model. The study results advocate that the use of the LM-ANN model stipulates accurate estimates of the historical storm events, with a stronger correlation and lower generalisation error, in contrast to the BR-ANN model, while the integration of upstream catchment flow alongside rainfall, vindicate for their collective impact upon the dynamics of the flow being spawned at the downstream catchment locations, significantly enhancing the model performance and providing a more cost-effective and near-realistic modelling approach that can be considered for application in studies of urban catchment responses, with limited data availability.
Larval performance of Zophobas morio (F.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on various diets enriched with post-distillation residues and essential oils of aromatic and medicinal plants
Authors: Gourgouta Marina , Andreadis Stefanos S. , Koutsogeorgiou Eleni I. , Rumbos Christos I. , Grigoriadou Katerina , Giannenas Ilias , Bonos Eleftherios , Skoufos Ioannis , Athanassiou Christos G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing demands for resources driven by the global population necessitate exploring sustainable alternatives for affordable animal protein over the use of traditional protein sources. Insects, with their high protein content, offer a promising solution, especially when reared on agricultural post-distillation residues for enhanced sustainability and cost-effectiveness. We assessed the development ofZophobas morio(F.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae on diets enriched with essential oils and post-distillation residues from Greek aromatic and medicinal plants. Two aromatic plant mixtures (A and B) were examined. Mixture A consisted of post-distillation residues, while Mixture B incorporated these residues along with essential oils. Insect rearing diets were enriched with different proportions (10, 20, and 30 %) of these mixtures, with wheat bran serving as the control. Enrichment positively influenced larval development without compromising survival. Larval weight remained unchanged with Mixture A, but improved with Mixture B. No adverse effects were detected in the case of the enriched diets, although higher concentrations of Mixture B prolonged development time.
Role of particle size-dependent copper bioaccumulation-mediated oxidative stress on Glycine max (L.) yield parameters with soil-applied copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Yusefi-Tanha Elham , Fallah Sina , Pokhrel Lok Raj , Rostamnejadi Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreased impetus on the application of nano-fertilizers to improve sustainable food production warrants understanding of nanophytotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms before its application could be fully realized. In this study, we evaluated the potential particle size-dependent effects of soil-applied copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) on crop yield and quality attributes (photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and nutrient quality, seed protein, and seed oil), including root and seed Cu bioaccumulation and a suite of oxidative stress biomarkers, in soybean (Glycine max L.) grown in field environment. We synthesized three distinct sized (25 nm = S [small], 50 nm = M [medium], and 250 nm = L [large]) nCuO with same surface charge and compared with soluble Cu2+ ions (CuCl2) and water-only controls. Results showed particle size-dependent effects of nCuO on the photosynthetic pigments (Chla and Chlb), seed yield, potassium and phosphorus accumulation in seed, and protein and oil yields, with nCuO-S showing higher inhibitory effects. Further, increased root and seed Cu bioaccumulation led to concomitant increase in oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA), and as a response, several antioxidants (SOD, CAT, POX, and APX) increased proportionally, with nCuO treatments including Cu2+ ion treatment. These results are corroborated with TEM ultrastructure analysis showing altered seed oil bodies and protein storage vacuoles with nCuO-S treatment compared to control. Taken together, we propose particle size-dependent Cu bioaccumulation-mediated oxidative stress as a mechanism of nCuO toxicity. Future research investigating the potential fate of varied size nCuO, with a focus on speciation at the soil-root interface, within the root, and edible parts such as seed, will guide health risk assessment of nCuO.
Graphical Abstract
Seasonal Changes of Surface-Active Beach Invertebrate Assemblages in Southern Central Victoria, Australia
Authors: Surdo Daniela Lo , Weston Michael A. , Rendall Anthony R. , Porch Nick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInvertebrates play a critical role in beach ecosystems, and seasonal variation in their occurrence and abundance likely influences food webs. We examine and characterise seasonal patterns in invertebrate activity on a temperate, southern sandy dune and beach ecosystem at Venus Bay, Victoria, Australia. We index invertebrate abundance, diversity and assemblage composition at fixed-site pitfall traps which were deployed in four transects from the lower dunes to the beach. Seasonal differences occurred in assemblage composition (foredunes only), richness and abundance. Insects dominated assemblages in summer, spring and autumn; crustaceans dominated winter assemblages. Morphospecies richness was lowest in winter (139% higher in summer and 169% higher in autumn). Our results contrast with other studies from temperate beaches in that (1) richness was higher on beaches compared to in foredunes across all seasons and (2) abundance differed significantly such that winter abundance was higher than for all other seasons. Possible explanations include the exposed nature of the study foredunes, marine ecological subsides in the form of beach wrack in winter and/or between-site variations in such factors. Further studies would usefully examine between-beach variation in seasonality in invertebrate activity in foredunes and dunes.
Automatisierte Aufreinigung von IgG-Antikörpern
Authors: Thurow Kerstin , Fleischer Heidi , Bach Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purification of antibodies from cell cultures is a crucial step in the technical production of high-quality antibodies for medical, diagnostic and biotechnological applications. Miniaturized chromatographic columns (“RoboColumns”) are used to develop efficient chromatographic purification methods. The automation of the entire process using a RoboColumn Unit in combination with a liquid handling platform enables an increase in the efficiency of the development process of the purification procedures.
Visualizing how antibiotics interact with ribosomes
Authors: Paternoga Helge , Wilson Daniel N. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Zunahme multiresistenter Bakterien macht die Entwicklung neuer verbesserter Antibiotika erforderlich. Das Ribosom ist hierfür als ein Ziel einer breiten Palette klinisch relevanter Antibiotika wichtig. Jüngste Entwicklungen in der Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie erlauben eine genaue Beschreibung der Wechselwirkungen von Antibiotika mit dem Ribosom und koordinierten Wassermolekülen, was für die Entwicklung von anti-mikrobiellen Wirkstoffen der nächsten Generation von Bedeutung ist.