bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteoric water‐rock interaction in the lower plate of the Whipple Mountain metamorphic core complex, California
Authors: MORRISON J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTOxygen isotope ratios, whole rock major and trace element compositions, and petrological characteristics of 52 samples from nine distinct igneous lithologies in the lower plate of the Whipple Mountain metamorphic core complex of south‐eastern California indicate that both mylonitic and non‐mylonitic lithologies underwent exchange with surface‐derived meteoric waters. Broadly granodioritic lithologies are characterized by whole rock δ18O values that range from 10.6 to 2.6‰. Isotopic compositions of quartz and feldspar mineral separates indicate that quartz has largely retained original igneous compositions but that feldspar has undergone variable and often large 18O‐depletions (up to 6.5‰).Over 4 km of structural relief is exposed in lower plate gneisses below the Whipple detachment fault including non‐mylonitic lithologies at shallow structural levels above the mylonite front, and mylonitic gneisses at intermediate to deep levels below the mylonite front. Coupled δ18Oqtz ‐ δ18OFsp systematics of non‐mylonitic and mylonitic andesite to rhyolite dykes from shallow and intermediate structural levels of the lower plate document two episodes of hydrothermal alteration: a high‐temperature (>c.600d̀C) episode involving a metamorphic or magmatic fluid with δ18O values ∼ 7‰ and a low‐temperature (c.350d̀C) episode involving low‐δ18O meteoric fluids. All the dykes that document exchange with meteoric fluids are non‐mylonitic. Coupled δ18OFsp systematics of non‐mylonitic and mylonitic granodioritic gneisses from above and below the mylonite front also document low‐temperature (c. 350d̀ C) exchange with meteoric fluids. The data indicate that infiltration of meteoric fluids occurred as lower plate lithologies were juxtaposed against the base of the faulted upper plate. High‐angle normal faults in the upper plate served as the conduits for the downward circulation of surface‐derived fluids. Meteoric fluids were able to penetrate across the detachment fault into the lower plate.Uplift rates coupled with independent cooling rates indicate that surface‐derived fluids penetrated to a depth of c.4km and possibly as deep as c.8km. Penetration of surface‐derived fluid into the ductile deformation regime is not required to explain the low δ18O values observed in lower plate lithologies of the Whipple Mountain metamorphic core complex.
Garnet‐forming reactions and recrystallization in high‐grade mylonite zones, MacRobertson Land, east Antarctica
Authors: WHITE R. W. , CLARKE G. L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTProterozoic granulite facies gneisses in MacRobertson Land, east Antarctica, are cut by numerous D5 mylonite‐ultramylonite zones of probable Cambrian age. In garnet‐absent mafic two‐pyroxene gneisses and garnet‐bearing charnockitic orthogneisses, the mylonite‐ultramylonite zones are characterized by the growth of garnet at the expense of ilmenite, pyroxene and plagioclase. Textures within each mylonite zone can vary from protomylonitic to ultramylonitic. A range of mineral textures involving M5 garnet is developed corresponding to variations in deformation intensity. In protomylonites, garnet occurs as coronas on orthopyroxene‐plagioclase and ilmenite‐plagioclase boundaries, and as overgrowths on earlier garnet. In ultramylonites, fine‐grained orthopyroxene‐plagioclase‐garnet ± quartz ± clinopyroxene intergrowths and poikilitic garnet are common. Garnet growth in all shear zones is accompanied by shifts in the compositions of neoblastic minerals occurring with garnet, consistent with local chemical equilibrium having been attained during recrystallization. Mylonitization is inferred to have occurred at P∼ 6.5 kbar. Temperature estimates for M5 vary between 550 and 797d̀ C, which may reflect variations and uncertainties associated with the calibrations used and/or partial re‐equilibration during cooling. The presence of post‐tectonic, coronate garnet in some mylonite zones indicates that garnet continued to form exclusively in the mylonite zones after movement had ceased and is interpreted to reflect the effects of localized strain heating.
40Ar/39Ar evidence that formation of blueschists in continental crust was synchronous with foreland fold and thrust belt deformation, western Brooks Range, Alaska
Authors: TILL A. B. , SNEE L. W. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
40Ar/39Ar ages from white mica in rocks of the internal zone of the Brooks Range contractional orogen indicate that the Nanielik antiformal duplex developed at about 120 Ma and was remobilized on its southern boundary at c. 108 Ma. Blueschist facies metamorphism accompanied development of the antiform. The timing of the blueschist facies event and creation of the antiform overlap the period of shallow‐seated deformation in the foreland fold and thrust belt and sedimentation in the foreland basin of the Brooks Range. Blueschist facies P‐T conditions may therefore characterize the thicker parts of orogenic wedges in some orogenic systems; ancient blueschists need not necessarily be interpreted as indicators of active subduction or continent‐continent collision.Microprobe analysis using quantitative wavelength‐dispersive and electron backscattered electron imaging methods was used to characterize the composition of white micas in the dated samples. None of the samples was compositionally homogeneous; many contained 2‐3 populations of white mica, including both potassic and sodic varieties. Samples which had undergone (in sequence) amphibolite, albite‐epidote amphibolite and blueschist facies metamorphic events retained muscovites relict of the amphibolite facies event. Samples that had undergone only the blueschist facies event also contained multiple populations of mica, some probably from detrital sources.
Petrology of ultrahigh‐pressure rocks from the southern Su‐Lu region, eastern China
Authors: ZHANG RU‐YUAN , HIRAJIMA T. , BANNO S. , CONG BOLIN , LIOU J. G. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
In the Su‐Lu ultrahigh‐P terrane, eastern China, many coesite‐bearing eclogite pods and layers within biotite gneiss occur together with interlayered metasediments now represented by garnet‐quartz‐jadeite rock and kyanite quartzite. In addition to garnet + omphacite + rutile + coesite, other peak‐stage minerals in some eclogites include kyanite, phengite, epidote, zoisite, talc, nyböite and high‐Al titanite. The garnet‐quartz‐jadeite rock and kyanite quartzite contain jadeite + quartz + garnet + rutile ± zoisite ± apatite and quartz + kyanite + garnet + epidote + phengite + rutile ± omphacite assemblages, respectively. Coesite and quartz pseudomorphs after coesite occur as inclusions in garnet, omphacite, jadeite, kyanite and epidote from both eclogites and metasediments. Study of major elements indicates that the protolith of the garnet‐quartz jadeite rock and the kyanite quartzite was supracrustal sediments. Most eclogites have basaltic composition; some have experienced variable ‘crustal’contamination or metasomatism, and others may have had a basaltic tuff or pyroclastic rock protolith.The Su‐Lu ultrahigh‐P rocks have been subjected to multi‐stage recrystallization and exhibit a clockwise P‐T path. Inclusion assemblages within garnet record a pre‐eclogite epidote amphibolite facies metamorphic event. Ultrahigh‐P peak metamorphism took place at 700–890° C and P>28 kbar at c. 210–230 Ma. The symplectitic assemblage plagioclase + hornblende ± epidote ± biotite + titanite implies amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism during exhumation at c. 180–200 Ma. Metasedimentary and metamafic lithologies have similar P‐T paths. Several lines of evidence indicate that the supracrustal rocks were subducted to mantle depths and experienced in‐situ ultrahigh‐P metamorphism during the Triassic collision between the Sino‐Korean and Yangtze cratons.
The Red Cross Rural Nursing Service: An Innovative Model of Public Health Nursing Delivery
Authors: Bigbee Jeri L. , Crowded Eleanor L. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPublic Health nursing in the 1980s, together with the health care system in general, is facing complex social and professional issues, including professional autonomy, governmental relations, funding sources, cost containment, maintenance of standards, and aggregate versus individualiied foci of care. History can provide great insights into these recurrent issues, as exemplified by the Red Cross Rural Nursing Service.This historical review traces the origins and progress of the American Red Cross Rural Nursing Service through the first 10 years of its existence. Major emphasis is placed on the organizational development and evolution of the Service. The impact and early contributions of the Service to the development of public health nursing in the United States are still vital to contemporary and current social issues.
Qualitative Methods in Community Analysis
Authors: Ruffing‐Rahal Mary Ann 
Published: May 2007

AbstractQualitative and quantitative methodologies are optimally combined in efforts to analyze complex social entities such as the community. This is an area in which public health nurses can make a significant contribution. As well as emphasizing the cultural and ecologic dimensions, qualitative methodology highlights the community's own portrayal of health and illness. Specific qualitative techniques that are integral to the public health nurse's community practice include obsevation, informal interviews, case studies, mapping, and photography.
Levels of Public Health
Authors: Smith Judith Baigis 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo ensure the equitable delivery of health care, there must be clear conceptions of (1) the goals to be achieved by this care, (2) the sufficient extent of improvement, and (3) the level of health to which the care is to raise the individual or the community. Yet there is no consensus on either the meaning of helath or the degree of health for which we should aim. This article clarifies the concept of health by means of a discussion of four models of health that provides directive aims for public health practice, each with its own orientaion. In addition, the options for defining an adequate minimal level of public health are analyzed. This is an especially important issue, since resources for public health work are limited. Finally, a principle of fair allocation for public health resorces is suggested.
Public Health Nursing in Primary Care: Impact on Home Visits
Authors: Anderson Mercedes P. , O'Grady Roberta S. , Anderson Irma L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA public health management data system was used by a country public health nursing administration to assess the impact of integrating primary care and public health nursing services on the allocation of nursing time to home visits. Two areas of the county were shown to be comparable in proxy indicators of need for these services. The t test of differences in means and calculation of confidence intervals were the methods of analysis. There was a significant decrease in the numbers of and time for home visits after integration of the two kinds of services. Using routinely collected personnel activity reports to indicate staff and client needs is discussed.
A Complementary View of Nursing Diagnosis
Authors: Stolte Karen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA review of the various definitions of nursing diagnoses in the literature demonstrated a potential for use of positive, negative, or neutral terms. The majority of examples used a negative term, however, which reflected an actual or potential problem. A dual approach to nursing diagnosis allows for consideration of client strengths as well as weaknesses. A framework for positive diagnoses is proposed and examples are given. Such diagnoses may be particularly useful for community health nurses working in health supervision or health maintenance.
Self‐Management of Diabetes in a Puerto Rican Population
Authors: Bernal Henrietta 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA convenience sample of 74 clients with type II diabetes mellitus was followed in the home by public health nurses. Participants were observed and interviewed to determine the pattern of self‐management behaviors in the areas of insulin administration, urine testing, and dietary intake. One‐third to one‐half of the respondents could be judged as being noncompliant with one or more aspects of the treatment plan: over one‐half (38) reported skipping insulin doses; 52 varied the time they administered their insulin; and 25 had stopped testing their urine. Breaks in procedures of insulin administration were also in evidence, with the most serious being cessation or taking incorrect doses by 21 respondents. Meal skipping was reported by the majority: 41 skipped their bedtime snack and 25 skipped breakfast. Quantitative dietary analysis showed close to adequate nutrient intake with the exception of calcium and iron. Traditional Puerto Rican foods such as rice and beans were present in 53 percent of the meals despite the overriding belief that these foods should be avoided by persons with diabetes mellitus. Case data revealed interference factor in the spontaneity of life imposed by the diabetic management plan. This shows the need for flexible approaches to home care of Puerto Rican diabetics and for increased knowledge of how effectively to alter the plan of care to meet the demands of daily living.
Health Behavior: Evolution of Two Paradigms
Authors: Laffrey Shirley Cloutier , Loveland‐Cherry Carol J. , Winkler S. Joy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPublic health nursing is a synthesis of professional nursing and public health science. To assist people effectively to determine and enhance their health capabilities, it is essential that public health nurses have a sound understanding of the behaviors that improve or jeopardize health. This concern arises from the profession's increased emphasis on health behavior and from nursing's stated goal of health promotion. To examine the topic from the perspectives of public health and professional nursing, we examine several issues related to the concept and its definition. We hope that the discussion will stimulate analysis both to clarify the concept and to contribute to the development of public health nursing science.
The School Nurse as a Coordinator of Health Services for Handicapped Students: A School Record Analysis
Authors: Crossland Cathy L. , DeFriese Gordon H. , Durfee Michael F. , Sanchez Wendy L. , Stein Jane S. , Badger Don W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractData from a study of linkages between the public schools and private medical practitioners in the care of handicapped children in the elementary grades were used to study the extent to which school nurses act, through screening and referral, as coordinators of health care services for these children. Cumulative school records for a population of 785 students with one or more learning‐related handicapping conditions in a single school district were examined. Findings indicated that (1) classroom teachers refer nearly 40 percent of students with handicapping conditions to the school nurse; (2) approximately 33 percent of these students are subsequently referred to physicians for additional medical care (diagnosis and treatment); (3) there are important differences in the likelihood of parental follow‐through with nurse referrals for physician care depending on the nature of the child's condition; and (4) where the school and the private medical care system have interacted, parental follow‐through with a school nurse referral is more likely. The study suggests that school nurses might play a significant role in assuring continuity of care for children whose physical health is an important factor in determining educational progress.
A Comparison of Family Characteristics and Attitudes Toward After‐school Care for Latchkey Children
Authors: Dennis Louise Ivanov 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA convenience sample of 20 families with employed parents and school‐age children who attended a local after‐school program was compared with a convenience sample of 20 families with employed parents whose school‐age children did not attend the program. The groups were compared to examine the relationship between family characteristics and attitudes toward after‐school programs and the use of such programs by families with employed parents. The presence of a sibling 13 years of age or older tended to influence a family's decision to use the program. In addition, although an after‐school program was easily accessible in this community, 67 percent of children (mean age 8 years) who did not attend went home after school to an older sibling whose mean age was 11 years. In addition, 22 percent of children (mean age of 8 years) who did not attend came home alone or with younger siblings. These findings indicate important implications for public health and school nurses to find innovative methods in meeting the needs of this population at risk.
Nurses' Beliefs about Nuclear War Avoidance
Authors: Stanitis Mary Anne , Winder Alvin E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA questionnaire survey of 156 nurses from western New England institutions of health care and education was conducted to explore their beliefs regarding the avoidance of nuclear war. Twenty‐five questions from the Voter opinion on nuclear arms policy manual were adapted to express the dimension of the health belief model (HBM) and analyzed to determine relationships among these dimensions, nurses' belief in action to avoid nuclear war, and demographic characteristics of the sample. A strong negative correlation existed between the susceptibility and severity dimensions of the model, which characterized two distinct beliefs about action to avoid nuclear war. A high score on the susceptibility dimension reflected a belief that the respondents felt vulnerable to consequences of nuclear war but believed in the efficacy of personal action. A high score on the severity dimension was related to a belief in the potential catastrophic nature of nuclear war and was associated with perceptions of strong barriers to taking action. The demographic characteristics of membership in a professional organization, opinion of the role of professional nursing organizations in opposing nuclear war, and parental status were not predictive of actions taken to avoid nuclear war.
Nurses as Agents for Change in Teaching Breast Self‐examination
Authors: Shamian Judith , Edgar Linda 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this quasi experimental, one‐group pretest‐post‐test study was to determine the role of the nurses as agents for change in teaching breast self‐examination (BSE) to healthy women in the community. The goals were to promote women's factual and proficiency knowledge in the areas of (1) signs and symptoms of breast cancer, (2) proper steps of BSE, and (3) frequency of BSE. Data were collected over four years in a large university teaching hospital. The sample was made up of 223 women. Teaching was provided by nurse clinicians. A 21‐item written questionnaire was administered to all subjects three times: before BSE education session (treatment), immediately after education, and six months later. The questionnaire included four subscales: demographics, factual knowledge regarding signs and symptoms of breast cancer, proficiency of BSE practice, and frequency of BSE. Findings indicated that nurses influence positively the factual and proficiency knowledge base of clients and the frequency of BSE practice. Based on these findings and those of previous studies, the authors believe that nurses can be agents for change in promoting BSE.
Josephine Goldmark (1877–1950): A Biographic Sketch
Authors: Benson Evelyn R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractJosephine Goldmark was one of those remarkable early‐twentieth‐century American women who, while seeking independence and fulfillment in their own lives, devoted themselves to humanitarian causes and social reform. She was deeply involved in efforts to improve working conditions for women and children. Her work led her into the arena of nursing, especially public health nursing, where she contributed significantly to the development of the profession.
Human‐environment Interaction: A Modification of the Neuman Systems Model for Aggregates, Families, and the Community
Authors: Buchanan Bernice F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe human‐environment interaction model is a modification of the Neuman systems model and is a macro systems approach designed to provide an organizing framework to understand the client's relationship with the environment and to intervene appropriately through preventive, corrective, and rehabilitative measures. It assists in organizing phenomena and shows relationships of various components. The structural elements of the model include context, process, and substantive categories. The substantive parts include theoretical concepts, operational definitions, and a mental‐visual picture that permits the theoretical concepts to be readily perceived and understood. The major categories are the physiologic, psychologic, sociocultural, and developmental (PPSD) variables. These are defined and applied as they relate to the health of clients. The model incorporates and illustrates the collaborative decision‐making process encompassing three levels of prevention. Together, these provide a framework for action to promote, maintain, and restore the health of individuals, families, aggregates, and the community.
The Simmons‐Harvard Graduate Program in Public Health Nursing, 1953–1961: An Experiment in Nursing Education
Authors: Golden Janet , Moore Phyllis 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis historical study recalls the evolution, contributions, and demise of a graduate public health nursing program. The Simmons College‐Harvard School of Public Health Graduate Program in Public Health Nursing existed for eight years from 1953 to 1961. The account of the program's design and cooperative, interdisciplinary approach is based on historical documents, oral histories, interviews, and professional publications. Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the program borrowed the best from two fields: nursing education and public health theory and practice. It relied on institutional cooperation, and highcaliber faculty, students, and curriculum. The program succeeded in preparing students for leadership positions in the nursing field. It failed to sustain the interest of a significant number of students and also failed to become a model for other institutions. The historical division within public health nursing practice, a division that supported two distinct educational tracks—graduate schools of public health and graduate schools of nursing—is one factor that led to the demise of the program.
Nursing Intervention To Assist Patients' Decision Making with Respect to Family Planning
Authors: Zotti Marianne E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA nursing practice model was devised to identify intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal factors that influence patients' decision to use or not to use contraception. After these factors were isolated and their relationships established, they were examined to see in what areas the nurse could intervene in order to affirm patients' right to choose and to allow them more freedom of choice. These areas of influence came from literature and studies, but it is hoped that the publication of this model will spur additional research to validate these factors and their relationships, and to test the effectiveness of nursing intervention in the identified areas.