bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Dot Nanodevice with Electron-Lattice Coupling
Authors: Král Karel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe electronic current-voltage characteristics of a nanotransistor is studied. The nanotransistor is assumed to consist of a quantum dot active region connected to the source and drain wires and also attached to a gate. The electric current is shown to be influenced by the coupling of electrons to the longitudinal optical phonons, namely, by the up-conversion of the electrons to the higher excited states in a quantum dot, due to a nonadiabatic effect of the lattice vibrations. In the nanotransistor with asymmetric source and drain contacts the up-conversion leads to a spontaneous electric current, or to a spontaneous voltage between the electrodes. We remind existing experiments which might be related to the effect considered.
A Cathodoluminescence Study of the Defects Created by the Degradation of High Power AlGaAs/GaAs Multiemitter Laser Bars
Authors: Martín-Martín Alonso , Avella Manuel , Iñiguez M. Pilar , Jiménez Juan , Oudart Myriam , Nagle Julien 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this work we study the defects responsible for the degradation of high power AlGaAs based laser bars. The mirror and cavity degradations are studied by spectral cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging. Following the analysis of the CL images the main defects generated during the laser operation are revealed, both facet and intracavity defects are observed. A thermomechanical model is used to describe the very beginning of the defect formation. The defects are formed by a local plastic deformation induced by local heating at defects.
Comparative Characteristics of GaAs Detectors and Silicon Pixel Detectors with Internal Amplification
Authors: Koltsov Gennady I. , Murashev V. N. , Chubenko A. P. , Mukhamedshin R. A. , Britvich G. I. , Chernykh A. V. , Chernykh S. V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractComparative analysis of GaAs semiconductor radiation detectors and silicon pixel ones with internal amplification elaborated for detection of nuclear radiation is carried out. Electrophysical and spectral characteristics are compared.Both the detector types have high sensitivity to α, β and γ radiation and can be applied in space and accelerator experiments for energy determination of elementary particles as well as in astrophysics, transmission and reflecting electron microscopy, medicine, biology and so on.
An Overview of the Mechanical Properties of FeAl
Authors: Baker Ian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the mechanical properties of the iron aluminide FeAl. Both the strength and ductility depend on a variety of parameters, including vacancy concentration, the environment (principally water vapor), alloy stoichiometry, temperature and grain size. The effects of alloying elements, particularly boron, are also briefly discussed. The review emphasizes how much of our current understanding of the strength and ductility of iron aluminides emanated from the discovery of the importance of both water vapor and thermal vacancies on these properties.
The Effects of Annealing Temperature on Tensile Properties in a Fine-grained Fe3Al-based Alloy Containning κ-Fe3AlC Carbide Particles
Authors: Takei Akira , Kobayashi Satoru , Takasugi Takayuki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe effects of annealing temperature on the room temperature tensile properties were investigated in a fine-grained Fe3Al based-alloy, and the correlation between microstructure, texture and tensile properties was discussed. Tensile elongation showed a peak as a function of annealing temperature. The highest elongation was obtained in the recrystallized samples annealed at 700°C. The decrease in the elongation with increasing annealing temperature above 700°C is attributed to the increase in the fraction of <100> oriented grains with respect to the tensile direction. A high sensitivity to environmental embrittlement was observed in the partially recrystallized samples annealed at 650°C.
PPARγ Variant Influences Angiographic Outcome and 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk in Male Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Regieli Jakub J. , Jukema J. Wouter , Doevendans Pieter A. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Kastelein John J. , Grobbee Diederick E. 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
Activation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ signaling influences metabolic profiles and the propensity toward inflammation. Small-molecule stimulation of PPARγ is investigated for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The common PPARγ Pro12Ala variant has functional and prognostic consequences. A protective effect of the 12Ala-allele carriership on diabetes and myocardial infarction in healthy populations has been suggested. The relevance of this pathway also needs exploration in patients with manifest vascular disease. We investigated the effects of carriership of the Pro12Ala variant on angiographic and cardiovascular event outcomes in male patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS) cohort was genotyped for the Pro12Ala variant (rs1801282). Ten-year follow-up was derived from nation-wide registries, and risks were estimated using proportional hazards. Quantitative coronary angiography measurements were obtained and relations with genotype estimated using a generalized linear model.

RESULTS
Genotypes ascertained (n = 679) comprised 540 (80%) Pro/Pro, 126 (19%) Pro/Ala, and 13 (2%) Ala/Ala subjects. The 12Ala allele was associated with less extensive focal (P = 0.001) and diffuse (P = 0.002) atherosclerosis and lower 10-year cardiovascular risk. Hazard ratios were 0.10 (95% CI 0.01–0.70, P = 0.02) for ischemic heart disease and 0.24 (0.08–0.74, P = 0.013) for vascular death, per each added copy of 12Ala, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Carriers of the 12Ala allele of PPARγ have less widespread CAD and are considerably protected against 10-year (cardio)vascular morbidity and mortality. These long-term findings in patients with manifest CAD support an important role of PPARγ in determining vascular risk.
Lower Total Adipocyte Number but No Evidence for Small Adipocyte Depletion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pasarica Magdalena , Xie Hui , Hymel David , Bray George , Greenway Frank , Ravussin Eric , Smith Steven R. 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that, compared with obese subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes have a lower total adipocyte number with fewer small adipocytes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from lean and obese subjects with or without type 2 diabetes matched for BMI. Adipocyte size was measured by osmium fixation and sizing/counting in a Coulter counter. Adipocyte size and number subdistributions (small, medium, large, and very large) were determined.

RESULTS
Compared with obese subjects, type 2 diabetic patients had larger mean adipocyte size and 67% bigger very large adipocytes; the total adipocyte number was lower, but the fraction of small adipocytes was increased by 27%.

CONCLUSIONS
Total adipocyte cellularity is lower in type 2 diabetic subjects than in obese subjects. We found no evidence for depletion of small adipocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes. This suggests the presence of a defect in early maturation of adipocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality Among Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Weili , Lopez-Garcia Esther , Li Tricia Y. , Hu Frank B. , van Dam Rob M. 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
Coffee consumption has been linked to detrimental acute metabolic and hemodynamic effects. We investigated coffee consumption in relation to risk of CVDs and mortality in diabetic men.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study including 3,497 diabetic men without CVD at baseline.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age, smoking, and other cardiovascular risk factors, relative risks (RRs) were 0.88 (95% CI 0.50–1.57) for CVDs (P for trend = 0.29) and 0.80 (0.41–1.54) for all-cause mortality (P for trend = 0.45) for the consumption of ≥4 cups/day of caffeinated coffee compared with those for non–coffee drinkers. Stratification by smoking and duration of diabetes yielded similar results. RRs for caffeine intake for the highest compared with the lowest quintile were 1.02 (0.70–1.47; P for trend = 0.96) for CVDs and 0.96 (0.64–1.44; P for trend = 0.69) for mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that regular coffee consumption is not associated with increased risk for CVDs or mortality in diabetic men.
Bone Age Corresponds With Chronological Age at Type 1 Diabetes Onset in Youth
Authors: Messaaoui Anissa , Dorchy Harry 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
To our knowledge, only two controversial articles have reported the study of bone age at diagnosis in diabetic children. The aim of this study was to compare chronological age with bone age and to evaluate the impact of A1C on bone age in children at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 496 diabetic children, height was measured at diagnosis and height SD score was calculated using the British 1990 growth reference. Bone age was determined according to the Greulich and Pyle method, and A1C levels were measured.

RESULTS
Participants' height was normal for age and sex. No significant differences were found between chronological age and bone age, and there was no correlation between Δ (bone age − chronological age) and A1C.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that height and bone maturation among diabetic children are normal for age and sex and independent of A1C at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of 5-nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in egg
Authors: Tamošiūnas Vytautas , Padarauskas Audrius 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
An ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) procedure was developed for the determination of five 5-nitroimidazoles (dimetridazole, ipronidazole, metronidazole, ronidazole and ternidazole) and three of their metabolites (1-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole and 1-methyl-2-(2′-hydroxyisopropyl)-5-nitroimidazole) in egg matrices. Conditions for UPLC separation and electrospray ionization MS/MS in the positive ion mode were optimized. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with buffered aqueous 2.5% trichloroacetic acid followed by solid-phase extraction on a Strata-X-C cartridge with reversed-phase and cation-exchange functionalities. The method’s performance was evaluated in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, applying the alternative matrix-comprehensive in-house validation approach using specially designed InterVal software. The method was robust against different sample matrix and SPE cartridges, operator change, and changes in sample extract storage. Acceptable apparent recoveries (76 to 109%) were obtained for all analytes. The decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCα) were within the ranges of 0.19–2.62 and 0.26–4.29 μg kg−1. For all compounds the calibration curve linearity was good with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. Fifteen eggs and ten whole egg powder samples obtained commercially in Lithuania were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; none were found contaminated by 5-nitroimidazoles or their metabolites.
On 0-homology of categorical at zero semigroups
Authors: Novikov Boris , Polyakova Lyudmyla 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The isomorphism of 0-homology groups of a categorical at zero semigroup and homology groups of its 0-reflector is proved. Some applications of 0-homology to Eilenberg-MacLane homology of semigroups are given.
Predictors of long-term success after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Miller Jonathan P. , Magill Stephen T. , Acar Feridun , Burchiel Kim J. 
Published: February 2009

Object
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, many patients do not experience complete pain relief, and relapse can occur even after an initial excellent result. This study was designed to identify characteristics associated with improved long-term outcome after MVD.

Methods
One hundred seventy-nine consecutive patients who had undergone MVD for TN at the authors' institution were contacted, and 95 were enrolled in the study. Patients provided information about preoperative pain characteristics including preponderance of shock-like (Type 1 TN) or constant (Type 2 TN) pain, preoperative duration, trigger points, anticonvulsant therapy response, memorable onset, and pain-free intervals. Three groups were defined based on outcome: 1) excellent, pain relief without medication; 2) good, mild or intermittent pain controlled with low-dose medication; and 3) poor, severe persistent pain or need for additional surgical treatment.

Results
Type of TN pain (Type 1 TN vs Type 2 TN) was the only significant predictor of outcome after MVD. Results were excellent, good, and poor for Type 1 TN versus Type 2 TN patients in 60 versus 25%, 24 versus 39%, and 16 versus 36%, respectively. Among patients with each TN type, there was a significant trend toward better outcome with greater proportional contribution of Type 1 TN (lancinating) symptoms (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Pain relief after MVD is strongly correlated with the lancinating pain component, and therefore type of TN pain is the best predictor of long-term outcome after MVD. Application of this information should be helpful in the selection of TN patients likely to benefit from MVD.
Blimp-1/PRDM1 Mediates Transcriptional Suppression of the NLR Gene NLRP12/Monarch-1
Authors: Lord Christopher A. , Savitsky David , Sitcheran Raquel , Calame Kathryn , Wright Jo Rae , Ting Jenny Pan-Yun , Williams Kristi L. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat) proteins are intracellular regulators of host defense and immunity. One NLR gene, NLRP12 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12)/Monarch-1, has emerged as an important inhibitor of inflammatory gene expression in human myeloid cells. This is supported by genetic analysis linking the loss of a functional NLRP12 protein to hereditary periodic fever. NLRP12 transcription is diminished by specific TLR stimulation and myeloid cell maturation, consistent with its role as a negative regulator of inflammation. The NLRP12 promoter contains a novel Blimp-1 (B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1)/PRDM1 (PR domain-containing 1, with ZNF domain) binding site, and Blimp-1 reduces NLRP12 promoter activity, expression, and histone 3 acetylation. Blimp-1 associates with the endogenous NLRP12 promoter in a TLR-inducible manner and mediates the down-regulation of NLRP12 expression by TLR agonists. As expected, the expression of NLRP12 and Blimp-1 is inversely correlated. Analysis of Blimp-1−/− murine myeloid cells provides physiologic evidence that Blimp-1 reduces NLRP12 gene expression during cell differentiation. This demonstrates a novel role for Blimp-1 in the regulation of an NLR gene.
Acute Changes in Dietary ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Have a Pronounced Impact on Survival following Ischemic Renal Injury and Formation of Renoprotective Docosahexaenoic Acid-Derived Protectin D1
Authors: Hassan Iram R. , Gronert Karsten 
Published: February 2009

AbstractExacerbated inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic renal injury (IRI), which is the major cause of intrinsic acute renal failure. Clinical studies suggest that long-term treatment with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) improves renal function and lowers the risk of death or end-stage renal disease. Docosahexaenoic acid, a principle ω-3 PUFA of fish oils, is of particular interest as it is found in most human tissues and is converted to protectin D1 (PD1), which exhibits antiinflammatory and proresolving bioactions. We set out to investigate the impact of acute dietary modulation of ω-3 or ω-6 PUFA on IRI and renal lipid autacoid circuits, using an established mouse model and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy-based lipidomics. Thirty minutes of renal ischemia significantly elevated serum creatinine in the ω-6 diet group while renal function remained normal in the matched ω-3 diet group. Notably, extending ischemia to 45 min caused 100% mortality in the ω-6 group, in sharp contrast to 0% mortality in the ω-3 group. Protection against IRI in the ω-3 group correlated with decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, chemokine and cytokine levels, abrogated formation of lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids, and increased renal levels of PD1. Systemic treatment with PD1 reduced kidney polymorphonuclear leukocyte influx and, more importantly, amplified renoprotective heme-oxygenase-1 protein and mRNA expression in injured and uninjured kidneys. These findings suggest therapeutic or dietary amplification of PD1 circuits restrains acute renal injury and that short-term changes in dietary ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA dramatically impacts renal lipid autacoid formation and outcome of IRI.
The Cellular Amount of the Common γ-Chain Influences Spontaneous or Induced Cell Proliferation
Authors: Amorosi Stefania , Russo Ilaria , Amodio Giada , Garbi Corrado , Vitiello Laura , Palamaro Loredana , Adriani Marsilio , Vigliano Ilaria , Pignata Claudio 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Mutations of the IL2RG encoding the common γ-chain (γc) lead to the X-linked SCID disease. Gene correction through ex vivo retroviral transduction restored the immunological impairment in the most of treated patients, although lymphoproliferative events occurred in five of them. Even though in two cases it was clearly documented an insertional mutagenesis in LMO2, it is conceivable that γc could have a role per se in malignant lymphoproliferation. The γc is a shared cytokine receptor subunit, involved also in growth hormone (GH) receptor signaling. Through short interfering RNA or using X-linked SCID B lymphoblastoid cell lines lacking γc, we demonstrate that self-sufficient growth was strongly dependent on γc expression. Furthermore, a correlation between γc amount and the extent of constitutive activation of JAK3 was found. The reduction of γc protein expression also reduced GH-induced proliferation and STAT5 nuclear translocation in B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Hence, our data demonstrate that γc plays a remarkable role in either spontaneous or GH-induced cell cycle progression depending on the amount of protein expression, suggesting a potential role as enhancing cofactor in lymphoproliferation.
Hantaan Virus Triggers TLR3-Dependent Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Handke Wiebke , Oelschlegel Robin , Franke Renate , Krüger Detlev H. , Rang Andreas 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Immediately after viral infection, innate responses including expression of IFN-α/β and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are elicited ubiquitously by recruitment of specific pathogen recognition receptors. The velocity to induce IFN-α/β and ISGs in response to an infection is often decisive for virulence. Interestingly, in primary endothelial cells ISGs are induced later by hantaviruses pathogenic to humans than those considered to be nonpathogenic or of low virulence. Here we demonstrate that pathogenic Hantaan (HTNV) and putatively nonpathogenic Prospect Hill hantavirus (PHV) differentially activate innate responses in the established cell lines A549 and HuH7. STAT1α phosphorylation was detectable 3 h after PHV inoculation but not within the first 2 days after HTNV inoculation. The velocity to induce the ISGs MxA and ISG15 correlated inversely with amounts of virus produced. Moreover, expression of the inflammatory chemokine CCL5 was also induced differentially. Both hantaviruses induced innate responses via TRAF3 (TNF receptor-associated factor 3), and TLR3 was required for HTNV-induced expression of MxA, but not for the MxA induction triggered by PHV. Infection of RIG-I-deficient HuH7.5 cells revealed that RIG-I (retinoic acid receptor I) was not necessary for induction of innate responses by PHV. Taken together, these data suggest that HTNV and PHV elicit different signaling cascades that converge via TRAF3. Early induction of antiviral responses might contribute to efficient elimination of PHV. Subsequent to clearance of the infection, innate responses most likely cease; vice versa, retarded induction of antiviral responses could lead to increased HTNV replication and dissemination, which might cause a prolonged inflammatory response and might contribute to the in vivo virulence.
Blockade of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Protects Mice against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxin Shock
Authors: Jung In Duk , Lee Min-Goo , Chang Jeong Hyun , Lee Jun Sik , Jeong Young-Il , Lee Chang-Min , Park Won Sun , Han Jin , Seo Su-Kil , Lee Sang Yong , Park Yeong-Min 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Suppression of an excessive systemic inflammatory response is a promising and potent strategy for treating endotoxic sepsis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is the rate-limiting enzyme for tryptophan catabolism, may play a critical role in various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we report a critical role for IDO in the dysregulated immune response associated with endotoxin shock. We found that IDO knockout (IDO−/−) mice and 1-methyl-d-tryptophan-treated, endotoxin-shocked mice had decreased levels of the cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, and enhanced levels of IL-10. Blockade of IDO is thought to promote host survival in LPS-induced endotoxin shock, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate IDO expression during endotoxin shock. In vitro and in vivo, IDO expression was increased by exogenous IL-12, but decreased by exogenous IL-10 in dendritic cells and splenic dendritic cells. Interestingly, whereas LPS-induced IL-12 levels in serum were higher than those of IL-10, the balance between serum IL-12 and IL-10 following challenge became reversed in IDO−/−- or 1-methyl-d-tryptophan-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that the detrimental immune response to endotoxin shock may occur via IDO modulation. Restoring the IL-12 and IL-10 balance by blocking IDO represents a potential strategy for sepsis treatment.
The Development of Airway Hyperreactivity in T-bet-Deficient Mice Requires CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells
Authors: Kim Hye Young , Pichavant Muriel , Matangkasombut Ponpan , Koh Youngil I. , Savage Paul B. , DeKruyff Rosemarie H. , Umetsu Dale T. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
T-bet−/− mice have been shown to have a profound deficiency in the ability to generate invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in the periphery due to a halt in terminal maturation, but despite this deficiency, T-bet−/− mice develop spontaneous airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and airway inflammation. Because in some situations the development of AHR requires the presence of iNKT cells, we sought to more clearly understand how AHR develops in T-bet−/− mice by examining T-bet−/− mice in several distinct mouse models of asthma, including spontaneous, OVA-induced and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced AHR. Surprisingly, we found that administration of α-GalCer, which very specifically activates iNKT cells, greatly increased the AHR response in the T-bet−/− mice. Moreover, in T-bet−/− mice, spontaneous AHR as well as AHR induced with OVA or α-GalCer were all eliminated by blocking CD1d, the restricting element of iNKT cells, using an anti-CD1d-blocking mAb. Although the number of the iNKT cells in T-bet−/− mice was reduced compared with that in wild-type mice, the remaining iNKT cells produced primarily IL-4 and IL-13, and only minimal amounts of IFN-γ. We conclude therefore that the AHR that develops in T-bet−/− mice is dependent on the presence of iNKT cells, and that whereas T-bet−/− have reduced numbers of iNKT cells, these are sufficient for the development of AHR.