bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity in academic medicine no. 1 case for minority faculty development today
Authors: Nivet Marc A. , Taylor Vera S. , Butts Gary C. , Strelnick A. Hal , Herbert‐Carter Janice , Fry‐Johnson Yvonne W. , Smith Quentin T. , Rust George , Kondwani Kofi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFor the past 20 years, the percentage of the American population consisting of nonwhite minorities has been steadily increasing. By 2050, these nonwhite minorities, taken together, are expected to become the majority. Meanwhile, despite almost 50 years of efforts to increase the representation of minorities in the healthcare professions, such representation remains grossly deficient. Among the underrepresented minorities are African and Hispanic Americans; Native Americans, Alaskans, and Pacific Islanders (including Hawaiians); and certain Asians (including Hmong, Vietnamese, and Cambodians). The underrepresentation of underrepresented minorities in the healthcare professions has a profoundly negative effect on public health, including serious racial and ethnic health disparities. These can be reduced only by increased recruitment and development of both underrepresented minority medical students and underrepresented minority medical school administrators and faculty. Underrepresented minority faculty development is deterred by barriers resulting from years of systematic segregation, discrimination, tradition, culture, and elitism in academic medicine. If these barriers can be overcome, the rewards will be great: improvements in public health, an expansion of the contemporary medical research agenda, and improvements in the teaching of both underrepresented minority and non–underrepresented minority students. Mt Sinai J Med 75:491–498, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Diversity in academic medicine no. 3 struggle for survival among leading diversity programs
Authors: Strelnick A. Hal , Taylor Vera S. , Williams Beverly , Lee‐Rey Elizabeth , Herbert‐Carter Janice , Fry‐Johnson Yvonne W. , Smith Quentin T. , Rust George , Kondwani Kofi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSince efforts to increase the diversity of academic medicine began shortly after the Civil War, the efforts have been characterized by a ceaseless struggle of old and new programs to survive. In the 40 years after the Civil War, the number of minority‐serving institutions grew from 2 to 9, and then the number fell again to 2 in response to an adverse evaluation by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. For 50 years, the programs grew slowly, picking up speed only after the passage of landmark civil rights legislation in the 1960s. From 1987 through 2005, they expanded rapidly, fueled by such new federal programs as the Centers of Excellence and Health Careers Opportunity Programs. Encompassing majority‐white institutions as well as minority‐serving institutions, the number of Centers of Excellence grew to 34, and the number of Health Careers Opportunity Programs grew to 74. Then, in 2006, the federal government cut its funding abruptly and drastically, reducing the number of Centers of Excellence and Health Careers Opportunity Programs to 4 each. Several advocacy groups, supported by think tanks, have striven to restore federal funding to previous levels, so far to no avail. Meanwhile, the struggle to increase the representation of underrepresented minorities in the health professions is carried on by the surviving programs, including the remaining Centers of Excellence and Health Careers Opportunity Programs and new programs that, funded by state, local, and private agencies, have arisen from the ashes. Mt Sinai J Med 75:504–516, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Diversity in academic medicine no. 4 Northeast Consortium: innovation in minority faculty development
Authors: Butts Gary C. , Johnson Jerry , Strelnick A. Hal , Soto‐Greene Maria L. , Williams Beverly , Lee‐Rey Elizabeth 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn fiscal year 2006, the US Government abruptly and drastically reduced its funding for programs to increase the racial and ethnic diversity of academic medicine, including programs to increase the development of minority medical faculty. Anticipating this reduction, 4 such programs—the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry in New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School, and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine—decided to pool their resources, forming the Northeast Consortium of Minority Faculty Development. An innovation in minority faculty development, the Northeast Consortium of Minority Faculty Development has succeeded in exposing faculty trainees to research and teaching that they might not have considered otherwise, expanding the number and diversity of their mentors and role models, providing them potential access to larger and different populations and databases for purposes of research, and expanding their peer contacts. After introducing the Northeast Consortium of Minority Faculty Development, this article describes the origins and goals of each member program. Mt Sinai J Med 75:517–522, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Diversity in academic medicine no. 5 successful programs in minority faculty development: overview
Authors: Palermo Ann‐Gel S. , Soto‐Greene Maria L. , Taylor Vera S. , Cornbill Ray , Johnson Jerry , Mindt Monica Rivera , Byrd Desiree , Butts Gary C. , Herbert‐Carter Janice , Fry‐Johnson Yvonne W. , Smith Quentin T. , Rust George , Strelnick A. Hal 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDespite recent drastic cutbacks in federal funding for programs to diversify academic medicine, many such programs survive and continue to set examples for others of how to successfully increase the participation of minorities underrepresented in the healthcare professions and, in particular, how to increase physician and nonphysician minority medical faculty. This article provides an overview of such programs, including those in historically black colleges and universities, minority‐serving institutions, research‐intensive private and public medical schools, and more primary care–oriented public medical schools. Although the models for faculty development developed by these successful schools overlap, each has unique features worthy of consideration by other schools seeking to develop programs of their own. The ingredients of success are discussed in detail in another article in this theme issue of the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, “Successful Programs in Minority Faculty Development: Ingredients of Success.” Mt Sinai J Med 75:523–532, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Metabolite profiling of the intraerythrocytic malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumby1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Teng Rongwei , Junankar Pauline R. , Bubb William A. , Rae Caroline , Mercier Pascal , Kirk Kiaran 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNMR spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify compounds in extracts prepared from mature trophozoite‐stagePlasmodium falciparumparasites isolated by saponin‐permeabilisation of the host erythrocyte. One‐dimensional1H NMR spectroscopy and four two‐dimensional NMR techniques were used to identify more than 50 metabolites. The intracellular concentrations of over 40 metabolites were estimated from the1H NMR spectra of extracts prepared by four extraction methods: perchloric acid, methanol/water, methanol/chloroform/water, and methanol alone. The metabolites quantified included: the majority of the biologicalα‐amino acids; 4‐aminobutyric acid; mono‐, di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acids; nucleotides; polyamines;myo‐inositol; and phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine. The parasites also contained a significant concentration (up to 12 mM) of the exogenous buffering agent, HEPES. Although the metabolite profiles obtained with each extraction method were broadly similar, perchloric acid was found to have significant advantages over the other extraction media. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A constitutive relation error estimator based on traction‐free recovery of the equilibrated stress
Authors: Gallimard L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new methodology for recovering equilibrated stress fields is presented, which is based on traction‐free subdomains' computations. It allows a rather simple implementation in a standard finite element code compared with the standard technique for recovering equilibrated tractions. These equilibrated stresses are used to compute a constitutive relation error estimator for a finite element model in 2D linear elasticity. A lower bound and an upper bound for the discretization error are derived from the error in the constitutive relation. These bounds in the discretization error are used to build lower and upper bounds for local quantities of interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthy lifestyles through an Adaptive Living Program: a pilot study
Authors: Barnes Meghan , Bigari Kim , Culler Tiffany , Gregory Heather , Hamilton Julienne , Krawczyk Stacy , Earley Donald , Herlache Ellen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study examined the effects of an Adaptive Living Program (ALP) on quality of life and life satisfaction of 19 low‐income adults living in a city‐subsidized apartment complex in Michigan. The ALP included 12 modules and three community outings over a 12‐week period, two times a week, with each session lasting 1.5 hours. Occupational therapy students conducted the groups under faculty supervision. The RAND SF‐36 and a non‐standardized tool were used to collect data.Results obtained from the participants' RAND SF‐36 pre‐test and post‐test scores demonstrated no significant difference in the physical, social and emotional health variables. Qualitative information gathered in a 60‐minute semi‐structured focus group held on the final day of the programme indicated that participants reported that they had increased their quality of life and life satisfaction through developing better social skills, increased knowledge of nutrition and improved interpersonal skills.Methodological limitations included a small sample, limited ethnic population, occasional absences during the group sessions, abbreviated length of programme and application of a non‐standardized assessment. Recommendations include a larger sample size of diverse ethnic population with varying ages, an established cut‐off date for new evaluations, a lengthened programme, a standardized qualitative questionnaire and alternative quantitative assessment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of a novel double network nanocomposite hydrogel
Authors: Lin Jiantao , Xu Shimei , Shi Xiaomei , Feng Shun , Wang Jide 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid (PAAm/PAA) double network (DN) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel had been synthesized by two‐step solution polymerization. The PAAm network was crosslinked by inorganic clay while the PAA network was crosslinked by a chemical crosslinker. The chemical structure of the network was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The swelling and mechanical strength properties of PAAm/PAA hydrogels were examined. The results showed that a DN hydrogel achieved both a high swelling capacity of 1219 g/g in deionized water and 124 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution and high compressive stress of 21.5 kPa in a high water content of 99.58%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric and dynamic mechanical relaxation behavior of exfoliated nano graphite reinforced flouroelastomer composites
Authors: Sridhar V. , Xu Deng , Pham Thanh Tu , Mahapatra S.P. , Kim Jin Kuk 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDynamic mechanical analysis and dielectric relaxation spectra of exfoliated nano graphite reinforced flouroelastomer composites were used to study their relaxation behavior as a function of temperature (−80°C to +40°C) and frequency (0.01 to 105Hz). The effect of filler loadings on glass transition temperature was marginal for all the composites andTgvalue was in the narrow range of 7.8–8.4°C, which has been explained on the basis of relaxation dynamics of polymer chains in the vicinity of fillers. Strain‐dependent dynamical parameters were evaluated at dynamic strain amplitudes of 0.01–10%. The nonlinearity in storage modulus has been explained on the concept of filler‐polymer interaction and filler aggregation of the nano graphite platelets. The variation in real and complex part of impedance with frequency has been studied as a function of filler. The percolation of the nano graphite as studied by conductivity measurements is also reported. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Preparation and morphology of high‐performance exfoliated poly(sodium acrylate)/hydrotalcite nanocomposite superabsorbents
Authors: Zhang Yatao , Fan Lihai , Cheng Lihua , Zhang Lin , Chen Huanlin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA poly‐matrix composite—poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA)/hydrotalcite (HT) (PSA/HT) nanocomposite superabsorbent—with obvious improvements in both the water absorbency and salt absorbency has been prepared by the intercalated HT, using sodium methyl allyl sulfonate as an intercalation agent. The superabsorbents acquired their highest water (salt) absorbency when the content of HT is 3 wt%. The highest absorbency for deionized water and 0.9 wt% NaCl (aq) were 1100 g/g and 145 g/g, respectively. Microstructures were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Chemical analysis was determined measurements. Results showed that HT incorporated into the superabsorbents was by Fourier infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy. Results showed that the superabsorbent particles were in the form of spheres, and the hydrogels were in the form of regular network structures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Development, confirmation, and validation of a measure of coping with colorectal cancer: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Rinaldis Machelle , Pakenham Kenneth I. , Lynch Brigid M. , Aitken Joanne F. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: This longitudinal study developed and confirmed the factor structure of the 32‐item Coping with Colorectal Cancer (CCRC) measure. Reliability and validity of the measure were also assessed.Methods: Participants were 1800 individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). A written questionnaire and a telephone interview were completed at 5 (Time 1) and 12 months post‐diagnosis (Time 2).Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed eight mostly empirically distinct subscales: Positive Perceptual Change, Religion/Spirituality, Rumination, Acceptance, Humour, Palliative, Seeking Social Support, and Lifestyle Reorganisation. Internal reliabilities were adequate and comparable to other coping measures, and test–retest analyses showed moderate temporal stability of the subscales. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal regression analyses were conducted to establish criterion‐related validity. As hypothesised, after controlling for demographics, disease/treatment, and stress/coping variables, regression analyses showed that CCRC subscales uniquely predicted Time 1 quality of life (QOL) outcomes (positive affect, cancer‐related QOL, psychological distress). After controlling for Time 1 QOL, Seeking Social Support coping continued to predict Time 2 positive affect.Conclusions: Results demonstrated the preliminary validity and reliability of the CCRC subscales, and have extended the cancer coping research by revealing new relations between coping subscales and QOL in a mixed‐gender, older population with CRC. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A contribution to the validation of the Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ): a study in the Italian context
Authors: Annunziata Maria Antonietta , Muzzatti Barbara , Altoè Gianmarco 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and object: An accurate assessment of patients' needs is a core point in improving treatment adherence, satisfaction, and quality of life of care receivers. The Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ) is a practical and short instrument designed to record hospitalized patients' necessities. The present paper is a contribution to its factorial definition, useful in enhancing the understanding of NEQ psychometric properties and in supporting its use in research as well as in current practice.Method: Six hundred consecutive hospitalized cancer patients completed the NEQ together with a form for the collection of personal identification and clinical data. The initial sample was randomly split into two subsamples, and we then conducted: (1) an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on Subsample 1; (2) a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the factor structure resulting from EFA on Subsample 2; (3) a comparison between the factor structure resulting from CFA and a unidimensional factor solution.Results and conclusions: EFA revealed the presence of five factors (i.e. informative needs, needs related to assistance/care, relational needs, needs for psychoemotional support, and material needs) explaining a total of 50.5% of the variance. CFA confirmed the validity of the correlated five‐factor solution emerging from EFA, demonstrating how the theoretical model provided a good fit to the observed data. Finally, we demonstrated that the five‐factor solution was more appropriate in the reconstruction of the observed data than the unidimensional factor solution. According to the present data and despite the limitations raised, using NEQ as a five‐factor questionnaire is functional and recommendable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum active hepatocyte growth factor (AHGF) in benign prostatic disease and prostate cancer
Authors: Yasuda Kenji , Nagakawa Osamu , Akashi Takuya , Fujiuchi Yasuyoshi , Koizumi Keiichi , Komiya Akira , Saiki Ikuo , Fuse Hideki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is secreted as an inactive single‐chain precursor called pro‐HGF. Pro‐HGF is converted to an active two‐chain form by HGF activator and matriptase. We attempted to clarify whether serum levels of active HGF (AHGF) could be used as a marker of prostate cancer.METHODSSerum levels of AHGF and total HGF (THGF; pro‐HGF + AHGF) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 38 patients with benign prostatic disease and 160 patients with prostate cancer.RESULTSSerum levels of AHGF in patients with untreated prostate cancer (0.37 ± 0.12 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those in patients with benign prostatic disease (0.28 ± 0.08 ng/ml) (P = 0.0001). Serum AHGF levels were increased in patients with stage D or D3 compared with stage B. In addition, there were significant differences in serum AHGF levels between patients with well‐differentiated and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the mean serum AHGF/THGF ratio in patients with stage D3 prostate cancer was significantly higher than that in patients with stage B.CONCLUSIONSAHGF may be a potential tumor marker for prostate cancer. Further studies in large groups of patients are needed to define the clinical value of AHGF. Prostate 69:346–351, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipophobicity and the residue environments of the transmembrane α‐helical bundle
Authors: Mokrab Younes , Stevens Tim J. , Mizuguchi Kenji 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe present a statistical analysis of residue environment preferences along the membrane normal in helical transmembrane (HTM) proteins, based on an up‐to‐date nonredundant set of protein structures. Distinct amino acid residue propensities were revealed, both in terms of lipid accessibility and depth within the lipid bilayer, highlighting their potential usefulness for alignment and modelling of membrane proteins. Using the propensities in the HTM proteins, new lipophobicity scales (LIPS) were derived for the lipid bilayer interface (LI) and the hydrocarbon core (HC) regions of the membrane, measuring the tendencies of different amino acids to occupy protein‐buried or lipid‐exposed positions. The LIPS for LI and HC resemble some of the existing LIPS such as kPROT, TMLIP2, and LA but our new scales were derived by using more comprehensive information than any of the existing scales and are distinct overall. Effective free energies of transfer derived from the LIPS showed a good correlation with a semi empirical scale for the transfer energies from the interface of palmitoyloleoylphosphocholine (POPC) bilayers to ocatanol (ΔWWioct). The new scales also predicted the lipophobic effect in the LI to be smaller than the hydrophobic effect governing the folding of globular proteins, consistent with theory and experiment. These results provided a coherent description of lipophobicitliy in the distinct layers of the membrane and gave clarity to the widely discussed notion of whether membrane proteins can be regarded as “inside out” of globular proteins. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronegativity: Quantum observable
Authors: Putz Mihai V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe question whether electronegativity may be considered as quantum observable is responded in positive by a special ionization‐affinity wave function construction within the fermionic Fock space for the valence state of a chemical system. The present approach consecrates electronegativity as the minus eigen‐energy of the unperturbed occupied valence state involved in addition and release of electrons by atoms‐in‐molecules interactions. This way, the earlier crisis raised by Bergmann and Hinze concerning the assignment of chemical potential to electronegativity quantification is here solved in the favor of Parr density functional picture. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Negative ion source for chlorine isotope ratio measurements
Authors: Pelc Andrzej , Halas Stanislaw 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA negative chlorine ion source has been designed and constructed. The source utilizes direct surface ionization of chloromethane gas on a hot metal filament. Four different alloys for the filament material were tested: W99Th1, W75Re25, Hf97.5Zr2.5 and Mo52.5Re47.5. We conclude that the best filament material is the MoRe alloy, for which the signal‐to‐noise ratio is optimal. The ion source is used for chlorine isotope ratio measurements with higher precision and sensitivity than the positive ionization source used previously. Inasmuch as only negative ions of the two isotopes of interest are observed, no corrections to the measured isotope ratio are necessary, and less rigously purified samples may be analyzed. The negative ion currents are considerably larger than positive ion currents obtained with an electron ionization source. This implies higher analytical precision (typically 0.005 permil) and sensitivity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation of trace phenolic compounds in water by trap‐and‐release membrane introduction mass spectrometry after acetylation
Authors: Sparrapan Regina , Eberlin Marcos N. , Alberici Rosana M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTrap‐and‐release membrane introduction mass spectrometry (T&R‐MIMS) with a removable direct insertion membrane probe (DIMP) is used to quantitate a variety of trace phenolic compounds in water after acetylation. The procedure is simple, rapid and robust, producing linear and reproducible responses for phenolic compounds with varying polarities. Acetylation minimizes the polarity effects of ring substituents; hence, T&R‐MIMS of the acetylated phenols provides lower and more uniform limits of detection (LODs) (2–15 µg L−1) than those obtained by direct T&R‐MIMS analysis of the non‐derivatized phenols. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.