bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of EGFR in corneal remodelling in diabetes
Authors: AKHTAR S , BRON AJ , YOUSIF MHM , BENTER IF , AKHTAR S 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To examine the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling on ultrastructural organisation and remodelling of stromal corneal collagen fibrils (CF) and proteoglycans (PG) in the diabetic rat. Methods: Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats (n=5) by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (55mg/kg). Treatment with a selective inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase, AG1478, was started on the same day as the induction of diabetes and administered every other day for four weeks. The corneas were fixed in 4% PFA at 4ºC to analyse the collagen fibril diameter. To study the distribution of proteoglycans the corneas were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium acetate buffer containing cuprolinic blue. The analySIS soft imaging program was used to analyse CF and PG. Results: In addition to a reduction in the epithelial thickness in the diabetic cornea, the median diameter and area fraction of CF in the stroma was decreased in diabetic rats compared to normal rats (p<0.001). In contrast, the median PG area and area fractions in diabetic rat corneas were significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to normal. Treatment with AG1478 prevented diameter and area fraction changes in CF and PG and restored corneas to a normal appearance. Conclusions: These data show that the distribution of stromal CF and PG is altered in corneas after 4‐weeks of diabetes. Furthermore, treatment with an inhibitor of EGFR signalling normalized these abnormalities. Thus our data suggest that the EGFR plays an important role in the development of diabetes‐induced corneal remodelling.
Oncocytic adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland with GCDFP15 positivity
Authors: TOSOUNIDIS IH , BONSHEK RE , LEATHERBARROW B , LANE C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: We present a very rare case of an oncocytic adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. In our case it seems to arise from an oncocytoma and there is an interesting immunophenotype of this tumour, since it appears positive for the GCDFP 15 protein, which has not been described before. Methods: A 77‐year‐old woman presented to the ophthalmologist, complaining of a six‐month history of pains at the left canthus. Incisional biopsy showed an epithelial oncocytic neoplasm which was reviewed in a tertiary ophthalmic pathology centre, where a immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for CK7 and GCDFP15 (PIP), with negativity for OR(ER), CK20, HepPar1, AFP, CA19‐9, TTF, S100, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Results: After excluding the possibility of metastasis from a non‐ocular/adnexal primary neoplasm, she underwent left orbital exenteration. Pathological examination showed an aggressive oncocytic adenocarcinoma involving the lacrimal gland and containing a small focus of what appeared to be oncocytoma. The immunophenotype was similar to the original biopsy. Electron microscopy confirmed large numbers of mitochondria present within the tumour cells. Conclusions: We reviewed the ophthalmic literature for previous reported oncocytic adenocarcinomas. Our case is different in that there is a very interesting immunohistochemical profile with a strong positivity for gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15), which has never been described before in oncocytic lesions of the lacrimal gland. An interesting theory would correlate the fact that both organs (breast and lacrimal gland) derive from ectoderm, but this correlation needs to be thoroughly investigated.
Functional characteristic of the retina in glaucoma
Authors: KAZARYAN AA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Purpose: To investigate bioelectrical activity of the retina in normal subjects and patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Methods: 40 eyes of 20 normal subjects and 80 eyes of 45 patients with different stages of glaucoma were examined with electroretinogram (full‐field, flicker, pattern, multifocal ERG, ERG to long duration stimulus and chromatic ERG to red, green and blue stimulus). Intraocular pressure was 21 mm Hg or less in all patients. All patients were also tested on HRT II. Results: Full‐field ERG recordings showed a decrease of b‐wave amplitude and an increase of implicit time in advanced and late stages of POAG. Macular chromatic ERG to red stimulus of 15° area was subnormal in all stages of POAG (p<0,01). The density of retinal responses of multifocal ERG was progressively decreased in all stages. An amplitude of P50 component of pattern ERG in initial stage of glaucoma was decreased (p<0,05). In advanced stage of glaucoma a significant decrease of amplitudes of P50 and N95 components and prolonged implicit time of N95 component were observed.The off‐component of long duration stimulus flash ERG in all stages was subnormal. The on‐component in early stage was supernormal, whereas in advanced and late stages was subnormal. A damage of off‐cone system of the retina was the first symptom of retinal changes in glaucoma. In initial stage of glaucoma ERG symptoms of glaucomatous neuropathy were first detected even before changes on HRT test. Conclusions: The retinal pathology presented in ERG symptoms may probably reflect some pathogenetic mechanisms of development of glaucomatous damage, including excitotoxcic factors and ischemia.
Comamonas: a not so comon agent in hydrogel contact lens wearers
Authors: LANGMAN ME , DIGHIERO PL , GICQUEL JJ 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To present an unusual agent responsable for a case of keratitis in a hydrogel contact lens wearer. Methods: A 16 year old patient, hydrogel contact lenses wearer, presented with red eye. The patient reported red eye with blurred vision and pain for 1 day. In the central cornea, two stromal lesions were found surrounded by an infiltrate. The contact lenses, the lenses box and lenses cleansing products were sent to analyse and Comamonas acidovorans was found. Results: The agent isolated was Comamonas acidovorans, a species of Pseudomonas.The patient was treated with local ciprofloxacin, tobramycine and hexamidine diisetionate 0, 1% with remission of the case. Conclusions: Cultures and sensitivity studies should be performed in contact lenses wearers. Comamonas acidovorans should be considered as a possible keratitis agent.
Outcome and risk factors for failure of primary trabeculectomy
Authors: MEDVED N , CVENKEL B 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the outcome and risk factors for failure in primary trabeculectomy in glaucoma patients. Methods: Medical record review of 59 patients (66 eyes) who underwent primary trabeculectomy from 2002 to 2006 at the Eye Hospital Ljubljana. Complete success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP)≤18 mmHg without glaucoma medications, and failure as IOP>18 mmHg with or without medications. Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 31,4 mmHg (±9,7) on an average of 2,5 glaucoma medications, and the mean postoperative IOP after 20 months was 16,8 mmHg (±6,4) on an average of 0,6 medications. Twenty months after trabeculectomy 51 of 66 eyes (77,3%) had an IOP≤18 mmHg without medical treatment. Ten of 15 eyes (66%) experienced failure within the 6 months after trabeculectomy. Using Kaplan‐Meier life table analysis the 3 and 5 year probability of an IOP≤18 mmHg without medication was 70%. After 3 years, the cumulative survival rates for eyes after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (22 eyes), 5‐fluorouracil (31 eyes)and trabeculectomy without antimetabolite (13 eyes) were 78%, 77%, and 57%, respectively. Postoperative interventions (needling of filtering blebs and subconjuntival injections of 5‐fluorouracil) were associated with a higher rate of failure with the hazard ratio of 2,9 (P=0,04). Patients' age, number of preoperative medications, and cataract surgery were not significant predictive factors for failure. Conclusions: The outcome of primary trabeculectomy in our patients is comparable with that reported in other populations using the same criteria for success. More pronounced healing response after surgery necessitating needling of filtering blebs and subconjuctival injections of antimetabolite are associated with a higher risk for trabeculectomy failure.
Nycthemeral rhythm of intraocular pressure in normal tension glaucoma
Authors: RENARD E , PALOMBI K , CHIQUET C , PEPIN JL , NOEL C , ROMANET JP 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To characterize the circadian variations of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods: Fourteen patients with NTG were studied. The age range was from 45 to 87 years old. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination (including corneal thickness) and visual field (Humphrey type). Then, IOP measurements were hourly controlled by Tonopen TM*, during a 24 hour cycle associated with sleep monitoring. The sleep study included a polysomnography (to exclude a sleep apnoea syndrome) and was associated with 24 hour measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. The nycthemeral rhythm was defined according to the cosinor technique. Results: Sixty percent of the patients exhibited an absence of circadian rhythm of IOP among 24 hours. Twenty one percent of the patients had a nocturnal rise of IOP and 21% of the patients had a diurnal rise of IOP (< 21 mmHg). A sleep apnoea syndrome was diagnosed in 71% of the patients, abnormal nocturnal dips of arterial pressure were present in 78%, a vasospastic syndrome was present in 41.6% with and 40% of the patients exhibited an systemic hypertension. Conclusions: In our study, most of the patients shown an absence of nycthemeral rhythm of IOP. In this population, a high prevalence of sleep apnoea syndrome, of abnormal nocturnal dips of blood pressure, and of vasospastic syndrome was found.
High Order Aberrations of the eye implanted the Verisyse® iris‐claw intraocular lens
Authors: GICQUEL JJ , LANGMAN ME , NGUYEN KHOA JL , MERCIE M , DIGHIERO PL 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the influence of the secondary implantation site of the Verisyse® iris‐claw intraocular lens (IOL) on high order aberrations (HOAs) using wavefront analysis in aphakic patients. Methods: Twenty aphakic patients (20 eyes) who had complicated phacoemulsification, leaving no capsular support, but good iris support and clear unwounded cornea implantated with the aphakic Verisyse®(AMO) intraocular lens site either implanted retropupilarely or over the iris. Wavefront aberrations were measured using the IRX3 Hartmann‐Shack aberrometer at 4 mm pupil aperture diameter. Results: Nine patients were implanted in the anterior chamber versus 11 who had the IOL clipped behind the iris. Best corrected visual acuity was significantly higher and HOAs were significantly lower in the retropupilarely implanted group. Conclusions: In addition to being atraumatic, the Verisyse® intraocular lens implanted behind the iris may restore vision in the absence of capsular support in a more physiological way than when fixated over the iris.
Diagnosis and follow‐up in patients with optic neuritis by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (GDx)
Authors: EGEA ESTOPINAN MC , PUEYO ROYO V , GUERRI N , SANCHEZ CANO A , FERNANDEZ TIRADO FJ , RABINAL ARBUES F , HONRUBIA FM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of ocular imaging technologies, such as Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (GDx) in the diagnosis and follow‐up of optic neuritis. Methods: A total of 13 patients with optic neuritis and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included in this prospective, clinical study and followed up for six months. All of them underwent neurologic assessment and a complete ophthalmic examination that included visual acuity, colour vision (Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates), visual field, OCT and GDx. Results: In acute episode, there were significant differences in visual acuity, Ishihara colour test, visual field mean deviation (MD), either in anterior or posterior optic neuritis, compared with healthy eyes. Eyes with acute papillitis showed increased RNFL thickness measured by OCT in every retinal quadrant compared with healthy eyes, but differences were not statistically significant. Six months after the acute episode, visual acuity, colour test and visual field had improved but we observed RNFL thinning in eyes with optic neuritis compared with control eyes. Both the OCT and the GDx detected significant differences between the groups six months after the acute episode Conclusions: Structural analysis of the RNFL by means of OCT and GDx is useful in optic neuritis diagnosis and follow‐up. Optic neuritis, either anterior or posterior, causes a decrease in the RNFL thickness, which can be detected by OCT and GDx
Corneal backscatter after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: PATEL SV , MCLAREN JW , BOURNE WM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine changes in corneal backscatter in clear grafts after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and in grafts that had failed from late endothelial failure (LEF). Methods: Sixty‐one grafts, deemed clear by slit‐lamp examination, in 46 patients and 12 grafts with LEF in 11 patients were examined at 1 to 30 years after PK. Backscatter was measured from the anterior, middle and posterior thirds of the cornea from a digitized image of a high magnification slit‐beam through the center of the cornea. Clear grafts were compared to grafts with LEF and to 41 normal (unoperated) corneas of 41 subjects by using unpaired t‐tests. Photopic low contrast visual acuity (LCVA) was measured in 32 of the clear grafts. Generalized estimating equation models were used to account for correlation between fellow eyes of the same patient. Results: Backscatter was increased by 80%, 49% and 34% in grafts with LEF compared to clear grafts in the anterior (P< 0.001), middle (P< 0.001) and posterior (P= 0.01) thirds of the cornea, respectively. Backscatter was increased by 16%, 18% and 29% in clear grafts compared to normal corneas in the anterior (P< 0.001), middle (P< 0.001) and posterior (P< 0.001) thirds of the cornea, respectively. Backscatter from clear grafts correlated with time after keratoplasty in the anterior (r= 0.23, P= 0.005), middle (r=0.21, P= 0.006) and posterior (r=0.32, P= 0.003) thirds of the cornea. LCVA correlated with backscatter in the anterior (r= ‐0.63, P< 0.001), middle (r= ‐0.56, P< 0.001) and posterior (r= ‐0.51, P= 0.003) thirds of the cornea. Conclusions: Backscatter from penetrating corneal grafts is higher than normal, and substantially higher in grafts with LEF. Backscatter increases with time after keratoplasty, and increased backscatter is associated with decreased LCVA.
Secondary IOL implantation without capsular support. A laser flare cell‐meter study
Authors: BRAVETTI GO , LEONETTI P , MANDRIOLI M , STROBBE E , CELLINI M , CAMPOS EC 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The cataract surgery consist in phacoemulsification of the lens and implant of an intraocular lens (IOL). In some cases when the capsular support is absent we must use an anterior‐chamber IOL (ACIOL’s) or a posterior‐chamber IOL (PCIOL’s) transclerally sutured. We studied the intraocular inflammation after secondary implant of iris‐fixated ACIOL, angle‐supported anterior‐chamber (AC)IOL and transcleral‐fixated PCIOL. Methods: We enrolled 60 patients with post‐surgery aphakia, for a total of 60 eyes. Twenty patients received an ACIOL (Artisan), in twenty patients was implanted PCIOL.(PC 279Y) and in the last twenty patients was implanted an (AC)IOL. Twenty patients with PCIOL in the bag were used as control group. We performed an evaluation of anterior chamber cellularity with a laser flare‐cell meter (Kowa 500) 30 and 90 days after secondary implants. Results: The anterior chamber flare‐cell, after 30 days, was 15,442 ± 10,435 photon/ms in ACIOL group, 22,716 ± 6,634 photon/ms in PCIOL group and 14,11 ± 7,087 photon/ms in the (AC)IOL group. (ACIOL vs PCIOL p<0.004; PCIOL vs (AC)IOL p<0.001; ACIOL vs (AC)IOL p<0.376) After 90 days the flare was 10,937 ± 7,393 ACIOL group, 18,311 ± 6,033 in PCIOL group and 10,605 ± 3,959 in (AC)IOL group. (ACIOL vs PCIOL p<0.003; PCIOL vs (AC)IOL p<0.001; ACIOL vs (AC)IOL p<0.507). Conclusions: Our study shows chronic subclinical inflammation after 30 and 90 days from implantation of all IOL types but the flare is less in the ACIOL’s and (AC)IOL groups than in the PCIOL group. So we think that in without capsular support it is better to implant an anterior‐chamber iris‐fixated or an angle‐supported anterior chamber IOL's .
The grey fovea sign of foveal edema or serous detachment on non‐stereoscopic digital red‐free fundus photographs
Authors: PASCAL HASLER , SOLIMAN WS , SANDERS BS , HAAMANN PH , LARSEN ML 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To describe a simple, visually recognizable sign of foveal fluid accumulation on non‐stereoscopic fundus photographs recorded in red‐free illumination and displayed as a grey‐scale image. Methods: 100 selected digital fundus photographs from 100 eyes with diabetic retinopathy or central serous chorioretinopathy or from healthy volunteers were graded by 4 masked observers and the result compared using transfoveal optical coherence tomograms as the reference method for determining whether an abnormally thick fovea or subfoveal fluid was present. The photographs were graded for the presence of a darkly pigmented fovea, diffusely circumscribed toward the surrounding macula or the absence of this feature, as may be seen when foveal thickening or detachment is sufficient to increase light scatter in the neurosensory fovea, making it acquire a shade of grey comparable to the surrounding retina (the grey fovea sign). Results: Mean foveal thickness, including subretinal fluid, was significantly higher in eyes graded as showing evidence of the grey fovea sign (309.3 ± 4.0 μm) than in eyes with a dark fovea (262.5±6.2 μm; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that visual grading of greyscale fundus photography in red‐free illumination enables detection of signs or foveal edema or detachment in the form of a generalized of localized replacement of the healthy dark fovea with a brighter shade of fundus reflection that is nearly identical to the surrounding macula
The impact of clinical variables on the visual field damage of patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Authors: MARTÍNEZ‐GARCÍA A , SANCHEZ‐SALORIO M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the visual field global indices [Mean defect (MD), and Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD)] and different clinical characteristics in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEX). Methods: 56 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PEX were included in this prospective cross‐sectional study. Visual field was assessed using the 24‐2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA). Clinical variables assessed were: Age, intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), and Doppler measurements in ophthalmic artery and posterior ciliary arteries. For each patient, the eye with the worse PSD of the visual field test was considered as the study eye. The relationship among clinical variables and visual field indices were analyzed by linear regression analysis. Results: The linear regression analyses showed that the age, IOP and CCT were correlated with both the MD (p=0.0001, p=0.0062, and p=0.0449, respectively) and the PSD (p=0.0013, p<0.0001, and p=0.0004, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma the visual field damage seems to be correlated with the age, IOP and CCT.
Ghrelin expression in the iris and ciliary epithelium of fetal and newborn rats
Authors: ROCHA DE SOUSA A , MOURA RS , SARAIVA J , AMARAL M , CORREIA‐PINTO J , LEITE‐MOREIRA A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The presence of ghrelin was previously identified in the posterior epithelium of the iris and in the non‐pigmented ciliary epithelium. Ghrelin is also a potent relaxator of the iris sphincter muscle. Methods: Sprague‐Dawley rat fetuses were removed by caesarian section at 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 17.5, 20.5 dpc, and 15 day‐old animals (P15) were euthanized Specimens (heads or eyes) were paraffin embedded and processed for in situ hybridization (ISH). Digoxigenin‐labeled ghrelin probe was synthesized from a 247bp fragment of prepro‐ghrelin. Results: Ghrelin’s mRNA was expressed in the posterior epithelium of the iris of 17.5, 20.5 dpc fetuses and P15 animals. Furthermore, in 20.5 dpc fetuses and P15 animals there was also ghrelin expression in the non‐pigmented ciliary epithelium. Conclusions: Ghrelin is expressed during development of the rat’s eye from 17.5 dpc onward. Its expression is more evident in the posterior epithelium of the iris and ciliary epithelium. These findings could enrol a new function of ghrelin in the development of the anterior segment of the eye.
Validity of non‐mydriatic cameras for screening and follow‐up in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: IBANEZ J , MATEO A , FAURE E , CRISTOBAL JA , DEL BUEY MA , MINGUEZ E , NUNEZ E , ASCASO FJ 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the validity of a non‐mydriatic camera for screening and grading diabetic retinopathy (DR). To establish the number of photographs and the field width needed for a correct DR follow‐up. Methods: A cross‐sectional, observational study was carried out to assess the validity of the non‐mydriatic Topcon TRC‐NW6S retinograph. Validity proportions were calculated. Kappa analysis was made to determine the agreement with conventional fundoscopy exploration performed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and retinal biomicroscopy. One 45º single‐field non‐mydriatic digital photograph was taken in 82 eyes for DR screening. For DR grading, several combinations of retinal fields were photographed in 247 eyes, first without pupillary dilatation and later with mydriasis. Results: In DR screening, 88.2% sensitivity and 96.9% specificity were obtained, where 9% of the tests were invalid. In DR grading diagnosis, the kappa analysis showed close agreement (k>0.8) based on at least two 45º photographs with mydriasis. However, when attempting to detect macular edema (ME), the maximum kappa statistic obtained did not go above 0.71, showing 67% maximum sensitivity. The sensitivity for detecting derivable DR was similar to that obtained with indirect ophthalmoscopy (94‐98%). Conclusions: The non‐mydriatic retinograph is a valid instrument for DR screening only when taking one 45º non‐mydriatic photograph per eye. However, given that the sensitivity for proliferative DR (PDR) was worse, when grading DR, we would recommend obtaining nine retinal photographs (mosaic) with mydriasis. Used in this way, the apparatus is extremely useful for detecting derivable DR cases.