bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo association of CReMM/CHD9 with promoters in osteogenic cells
Authors: Shur I. , Socher R. , Benayahu D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMolecular mechanisms that control cell differentiation involve with chromatin remodeling activities. We recently identified Chromatin Related Mesenchymal Modulator (CReMM), a CHD protein expressed by mesenchymal cells. In this study, we analyzed CReMM expression on RNA and protein levels during embryonic development in mouse skeletal tissues. CReMM appears transiently during mesenchymal cell differentiation, being detected first in osteoprogenitors and declining in mature cells. A novel aspect of the study elaborates on in vivo association of CReMM with promoters in cells obtained by laser capture micro‐dissection (LCM) technique from periosteum and endochondreal ossification regions. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we proved that CReMM binds to skeletal tissue‐specific promoters: CBFA1, biglycan, osteocalcin (OC), collagen‐II, and myosin in a differential manner. The results imply that CReMM selectively interacts with analyzed promoters activated in the tissue at the appropriate time of development. The identification of CReMM and its tissue distribution and function provides an attractive clue for the study of transcriptional regulation of osteogenic cells' maturation. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 374–378, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SERS and infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy of NO on cold‐deposited Cu
Authors: Lust M. , Pucci A. , Otto A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSurface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of NO on cold‐deposited Cu yields only bands of the dissociation products of NO, but not the stretching bands of NO. In contrast, infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) on similarly prepared samples displays strong NO stretching bands and only a very weak band of N2O from multilayer NO. The differences can be explained neither by thermal or photo‐desorption nor by photochemical effects in the laser focus. Whereas the SERS results may be explained by the action of special sites, it is still unclear why the IRRAS signal from the dissociation products of NO at the ‘catalytically active sites’ is below the noise level. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
North–South/South–North partnerships: closing the ‘mutuality gap’
Authors: Johnson Hazel , Wilson Gordon 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article examines mutuality and difference in partnerships. Partnership is a widely‐debated concept: it can represent collaboration based on equality and mutually‐beneficial processes and outcomes; it can also involve highly unequal power relations and determination of means and ends. The article examines the construction of mutuality based on difference in practitioner to practitioner partnerships between local governments in Uganda and the UK. It argues that some of the lessons from these partnerships can help to rethink partnerships in other contexts. First, practitioner to practitioner partnerships can pose an alternative to partnerships based simply on divisions of labour between organisations. Second, partnerships conceived as learning models that build on mutuality and difference offer the potential to challenge power relations. Rethinking how practitioner to practitioner partnerships can be made more effective in this respect can provide models for other types of partnership. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductivity enhancement in raw polypyrrole and polypyrrole nanoparticle dispersions
Authors: Pomposo José‐Adolfo , Ochoteco Estibalitz , Pozo Cristina , Carrasco Pedro‐Maria , Grande Hans‐Jürgen , Rodríguez Francisco‐Javier 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor certain commercial applications of polypyrrole (PPy), an enhancement of the electrical conductivity of the material is the key to industrial success. In this paper it will be shown that raw PPy with high conductivity (>150 S/cm) can be obtained in very good yield (>90%) by appropriate selection of both bi‐functional additives and reaction conditions which increase the oxidative polymerization rate of pyrrole. The presence of new active centers for the polymerization is demonstrated by UV measurements. In addition, raw PPy synthesized according to the improved method of synthesis shows good stability of the conductivity upon aging at high temperature (150°C) in air. Finally, new PPy dispersions are reported with an average particle size of 67 nm obtained by sonochemical synthesis that can be incorporated into conventional plastic paints for direct metallization of plastics. The conductivity of the new metallization paint developed was 0.4 S/cm with a PPy content of 10 wt%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced funding of pharmacoepidemiology through patenting the disclosure of adverse event information
Authors: Classen John B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPurposeKnown drug adverse events have been estimated to be between the 4th and 6th leading cause of death in the US (1). There are currently insufficient funds to perform the quantity and quality of studies necessary to ensure all drug adverse events are discovered in a timely fashion.Methods/ResultsOne approach to attract capital for pharmacoepidemiology studies is to patent the discoveries from the studies. Potential investors, whether executives of branded pharmaceutical companies or not, will consider funding pharmacoepidemiology studies if they can expect to receive competitive returns on their investments. Pharmacoepidemiolists who desire to patent their discoveries should seek novel drug‐drug and drug‐food interactions or negative interactions between drugs and certain phenotypes, genotypes or preexisting comorbidities.ConclusionThese discoveries can lead to safer, and patentable, use of the drug by avoiding these interactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling humoral autoimmune repertoire of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and development of a disease‐associated protein chip
Authors: Horn Sabine , Lueking Angelika , Murphy Derek , Staudt Alexander , Gutjahr Claudia , Schulte Kirsten , König Andrea , Landsberger Martin , Lehrach Hans , Felix Stephan B. , Cahill Dolores J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by progressive depression of myocardial contractile function and ventricular dilatation. Thirty percent of DCM patients belong to the inherited genetic form; the rest may be idiopathic, viral, autoimmune, or immune‐mediated associated with a viral infection. Disturbances in humoral and cellular immunity have been described in cases of myocarditis and DCM. A number of autoantibodies against cardiac cell proteins have been identified in DCM. In this study, we have profiled the autoantibody repertoire of plasma from DCM patients against a human protein array consisting of 37 200 redundant, recombinant human proteins and performed qualitative and quantitative validation of these putative autoantigens on protein microarrays to identify novel putative DCM specific autoantigens. In addition to analyzing the whole IgG autoantibody repertoire, we have also analyzed the IgG3 antibody repertoire in the plasma samples to study the characteristics of IgG3 subclass antibodies. By combining screening of a protein expression library with protein microarray technology, we have detected 26 proteins identified by the IgG antibody repertoire and 6 proteins bound by the IgG3 subclass. Several of these autoantibodies found in plasma of DCM patients, such as the autoantibody against the Kv channel‐interacting protein, are associated with heart failure.
Crystal structure and morphology of phenyl‐capped tetraaniline in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state
Authors: Zhou Yunchun , Geng Jianxin , Li Gao , Zhou Enle , Chen Liang , Zhang Wanjin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA series of crystals of phenyl‐capped tetraaniline in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state were obtained at different isothermal temperatures and were observed directly under transmission electron microscope. The crystals obtained at higher temperatures exhibit more perfect structures than those obtained at lower temperatures. Both the lamella thickness and the crystal size increase with crystallization temperature. The tetraaniline is apt to form larger scale crystals under lower degree of supercooling. However, their crystal structures keep steady with the crystallization temperature. The tetramer was found to adopt a monoclinic lattice with unit cell parameter of a = 13.93 Å, b = 8.82 Å, c = 23.20 Å, and β = 95.03°, as determined using electron diffraction tilting method combined with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction experiment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 764–769, 2006
Prediction of buried helices in multispan alpha helical membrane proteins
Authors: Adamian Larisa , Liang Jie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAnalysis of a database of structures of membrane proteins shows that membrane proteins composed of 10 or more transmembrane (TM) helices often contain buried helices that are inaccessible to phospholipids. We introduce a method for identifying TM helices that are least phospholipid accessible and for prediction of fully buried TM helices in membrane proteins from sequence information alone. Our method is based on the calculation of residue lipophilicity and evolutionary conservation. Given that the number of buried helices in a membrane protein is known, our method achieves an accuracy of 78% and a Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.68. A server for this tool (RANTS) is available online at http://gila.bioengr.uic.edu/lab/. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regeneration of sugarcane elite breeding lines and engineering of stem borer resistance
Authors: Weng Li‐Xing , Deng Haihua , Xu Jin‐Ling , Li Qi , Wang Lian‐Hui , Jiang Zide , Zhang Hai Bao , Li Qiwei , Zhang Lian‐Hui 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFive elite sugarcane breeding lines were tested for efficiency in embryogenesis and plant regeneration. All of them produced regenerative embryogenic calli but with varied efficiencies. To engineer strongly insect‐resistant sugarcanes, the GC content of a truncated cry1Ac gene, which encodes the active region of Cry1Ac insecticidal δ‐endotoxin, was increased from the original 37.4 to 47.5% following the sugarcane codon usage pattern. The synthetic cry1Ac gene (s‐cry1Ac) was placed under the control of maize ubiquitin promoter and introduced by microprojectile bombardment into the embryogenic calli of sugarcane lines YT79‐177 and ROC16. Southern blotting analysis showed that multicopies of s‐cry1Ac were integrated into the genomes of transgenic sugarcane lines. Immunoblotting analysis identified 18 transgenic lines expressing detectable levels of s‐Cry1Ac, which were estimated in the range of 1.8–10.0 ng mg−1 total soluble proteins. Four transgenic and two parental lines were assayed for sugarcane stem borer resistance in leaf tissue feeding trials and greenhouse plant assays. The results showed that, while the untransformed control lines were severely damaged in both leaves and stems, the transgenic sugarcane lines expressing high levels of s‐Cry1Ac proteins were highly resistant to sugarcane stem borer attack, resulting in complete mortality of the inoculated insects within 1 week after inoculation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of interface roughness on the magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Fe films
Authors: Chemam F. , Boukhalfa R. , Bouabellou A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) 300 Å Fe films on single crystal MgO(001) substrates with Ag buffer layer with a thickness varying from 0 to 150 Å. The epitaxial growth and structure quality of the films were verified by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and X‐ray diffraction. Small angle X‐ray diffraction revealed the dependence of interfacial roughness on the thickness of Ag buffer layer. In‐plane magnetic anisotropy was determined by means of magneto‐optic Kerr effect at room temperature. The analysis of hysteresis loops showed a dependence of uniaxial anisotropy field Hu and coercive fields on the Ag buffer layer. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Full electronic structure calculation of the biological activity in P173L enzyme
Authors: Xu L. N. , Zhang L. L. , Guo Z. , Zhou L. X. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe biological activity variation along with the temperature in the heat‐sensitive mutant P173L with 26316 electrons has been studied by full electronic structure calculation and parallel molecular dynamics from temperature 302–318 K. The change of the energy gap between the frontier orbital energy level occupied by each of the four residues and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level was worked out as an index to quantify the biological activity variation. We reproduced the experimental results suggested by Fomenkov et al.: Residues GLU77, ASP94, GLU111, and GLU113 were essential to the enzyme catalytic function and the enzyme cleavage activity is decreased in turn at temperatures 303, 310, and 315 K. Moreover, our calculations revealed more elaborate information that was not found by the experiment: There is a range of temperature (∼307–313 K) between the experimental temperatures 303–315 K in which the enzyme cleavage activity increases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Implementation of the replica‐exchange molecular dynamics method for rigid bodies
Authors: Moskovsky A. A. , Vanovschi V. V. , Konyukhov S. S. , Nemukhin A. V. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe describe an implementation of the replica‐exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) algorithm for rigid‐body molecular dynamics targeting its application in the flexible effective fragment quantum mechanical–molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method. The main objective of the stage of the project is to obtain an efficient minimization tool for the MM subsystem. The computer program developed allows one to carry out calculations of molecular dynamics trajectories for atomic particles and for rigid bodies at constant temperature, using the chain Nose–Hoover thermostat. For REMD calculations, the OpenTS dynamic parallelization is used, which allows one to run simulations either on single computational clusters or on meta‐clusters. A two‐level parallelization scheme has been implemented, assuming that both REMD (upper level) and individual molecular dynamics trajectories (lower level) are parallelized. Structures of small and large water clusters as well as protein conformations are considered as first applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Simultaneous determination of ten antihistamine drugs in human plasma using pipette tip solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Hasegawa Chika , Kumazawa Takeshi , Lee Xiao‐Pen , Fujishiro Masaya , Kuriki Ayako , Marumo Akemi , Seno Hiroshi , Sato Keizo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTen antihistamine drugs, diphenhydramine, orphenadrine, chlorpheniramine, diphenylpyraline, triprolidine, promethazine, homochlorcyclizine, cyproheptadine, cloperastine and clemastine, have been found to be extractable from human plasma samples using MonoTip C18 tips, inside which C18‐bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. Human plasma (0.1 mL) containing the ten antihistamines was mixed with 0.4 mL of distilled water and 25 µL of a 1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). After centrifugation of the mixture, the supernatant fraction was extracted to the C18 phase of the tip by 25 repeated aspirating/dispensing cycles using a manual micropipettor. The analytes retained on the C18 phase were then eluted with methanol by five repeated aspirating/dispensing cycles. The eluate was injected into a gas chromatography (GC) injector without evaporation and reconstitution steps, and was detected by a mass spectrometer with selected ion monitoring in the positive‐ion electron impact mode. The separation of the ten drugs from each other and from impurities was generally satisfactory using a DB‐1MS column (30 m × 0.32 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 µm). The recoveries of the ten antihistamines spiked into plasma were 73.8–105%. The regression equations for the ten antihistamines showed excellent linearity with detection limits of 0.02–5.0 ng/0.1 mL. The within‐day and day‐to‐day coefficients of variation for plasma were not greater than 9.9%. The data obtained from determination of diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma after oral administration of the drugs are also presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput quantification for a drug mixture in rat plasma – a comparison of Ultra Performance™ liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Kate , Little David , Plumb Rob , Smith Brian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA quantitative Ultra Performance™ liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPL/MS/MS) protocol was developed for a five‐compound mixture in rat plasma. A similar high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) quantification protocol was developed for comparison purposes. Among the five test compounds, three preferred positive electrospray ionization (ESI) and two preferred negative ESI. As a result, both UPLC/MS/MS and HPLC/MS/MS analyses were performed by having the mass spectrometer collecting ESI multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) data in both positive and negative ion modes during a single injection. Peak widths for most standards were 4.8 s for the HPLC analysis and 2.4 s for the UPLC analysis. There were 17 to 20 data points obtained for each of the LC peaks. Compared with the HPLC/MS/MS method, the UPLC/MS/MS method offered 3‐fold decrease in retention time, up to 10‐fold increase in detected peak height, with 2‐fold decrease in peak width. Limits of quantification (LOQs) for both HPLC and UPLC methods were evaluated. For UPLC/MS/MS analysis, a linear range up to four orders of magnitude was obtained with r2 values ranging from 0.991 to 0.998. The LOQs for the five analytes ranged from 0.08 to 9.85 ng/mL. Three levels of quality control (QC) samples were analyzed. For the UPLC/MS/MS protocol, the percent relative standard deviation (RSD%) for low QC (2 ng/mL) ranged from 3.42 to 8.67% (N = 18). The carryover of the UPLC/MS/MS protocol was negligible and the robustness of the UPLC/MS/MS system was evaluated with up to 963 QC injections. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration testing of object‐oriented components using finite state machines
Authors: Gallagher Leonard , Offutt Jeff , Cincotta Anthony 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn object‐oriented terms, one of the goals of integration testing is to ensure that messages from objects in one class or component are sent and received in the proper order and have the intended effect on the state of the objects that receive the messages. This research extends an existing single‐class testing technique to integration testing of multiple classes. The single‐class technique models the behaviour of a single class as a finite state machine, transforms the representation into a data flow graph that explicitly identifies the definitions and uses of each state variable of the class, and then applies conventional data flow testing to produce test case specifications that can be used to test the class. This paper extends those ideas to inter‐class testing by developing flow graphs, finding paths between pairs of definitions and uses, detecting some infeasible paths and automatically generating tests for an arbitrary number of classes and components. It introduces flexible representations for message sending and receiving among objects and allows concurrency among any or all classes and components. Data flow graphs are stored in a relational database and database queries are used to gather def‐use information. This approach is conceptually simple, mathematically precise, quite powerful and general enough to be used for traditional data flow analysis. This testing approach relies on finite state machines, database modelling and processing techniques and algorithms for analysis and traversal of directed graphs. The paper presents empirical results of the approach applied to an automotive system. This work was prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties and is, therefore, a work of the U.S. Government and not subject to copyright. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the dynamic vapor sorption meter to measure skin hydration properties, in vitro
Authors: Kilpatrick‐Liverman LaTonya , Polefka Thomas G. 
Published: January 2006

Background: Maintaining an adequate skin moisture balance is important for retaining soft, pliable, healthy‐looking skin. This report describes the use of the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) meter to quantify water content of skin in vitro under a variety of conditions. It is the only instrument that couples an ultra‐sensitive Cahn microbalance (resolution=0.1 μg) with an environmental system where both humidity and temperature are controlled. This feature is important since the skin's water content is influenced by changes in the relative humidity.Method: In every experiment, the temperature was held constant at 25°C, and the starting relative humidity (RH) was set to 0% RH. The RH was programmed to step in 10% increments ending at 90% RH. The RH was incremented to the next level only when the mass change was less than 0.005%/min.Results: A hysteresis was observed for all skin sorption/desorption experiments completed. Glycerin and the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (NaPCA) both enhanced the % water content of skin. NaPCA was a more effective humectant at high relative humidities (above 60% RH); while glycerin performed better at humidities below 40% RH. Washing the skin with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) reduced the skin's ability to absorb water more so than washing with Tween 80, a milder surfactant. Vaseline® petroleum jelly enhanced the water‐retention properties of untreated skin.Conclusions: The DVS can effectively be used to study the sorption and desorption properties of skin. We have shown that the amount of water absorbed is influenced by the RH, the presence of humectants and/or occlusive agents, and surfactant harshness.