bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Perspective on the History of the Iberian Gypsies Provided by Phylogeographic Analysis of Y‐Chromosome Lineages
Authors: Gusmão A. , Gusmão L. , Gomes V. , Alves C. , Calafell F. , Amorim A. , Prata M. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe European Gypsies, commonly referred to as Roma, are represented by a vast number of groups spread across many countries. Although sharing a common origin, the Gypsy groups are highly heterogeneous as a consequence of genetic drift and different levels of admixture with surrounding populations. With this study we aimed at contributing to the knowledge of the Roma history by studying 17 Y‐STR and 34 Y‐SNP loci in a sample of 126 Portuguese Gypsies. Distinct genetic hallmarks of their past and migration route were detected, namely: an ancestral component, shared by all Roma groups, that reflects their origin in India (H1a‐M82; ∼17%); an influence from their long permanence in the Balkans/Middle‐East region (J2a1b‐M67, J2a1b1‐M92, I‐M170, Q‐M242; ∼31%); traces of contacts with European populations preceding the entrance in the Iberian Peninsula (R1b1c‐M269, J2b1a‐M241; ∼10%); and a high proportion of admixture with the non‐Gypsy population from Iberia (R1b1c‐M269, R1‐M173/del.M269, J2a‐M410, I1b1b‐M26, E3b1b‐M81; ∼37%). Among the Portuguese Gypsies the proportion of introgression from host populations is higher than observed in other groups, a fact which is somewhat unexpected since the arrival of the Roma to Portugal is documented to be more recent than in Central or East Europe.
Cooperation between parents and school nurses in primary schools: parents’ perceptions
Authors: Mäenpää Tiina , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: February 2008

Introduction:  Cooperation between pupils’ parents and school nurses is an important part of health promotion in primary schools. Developing frank and trusting relationships contributes to easy and uninhibited cooperation. Cooperation between parents and school nurses has not been widely researched internationally.Aims:  This article reports on parents’ views on cooperation with school nurses in primary schools. The study aims at contributing to school nurses’ work so that instead of focusing only on the children, family nursing approaches could be improved.Methods:  Nineteen parents from 13 families from southern Finland were interviewed for the study in 2004. The data were analysed by grounded theory and the constant comparative method was utilized.Findings: Six concepts describing parents’ views on cooperation were generated on the basis of the data. Cooperation consists of supporting the child’s well‐being. School nurses take children’s and parents’ concerns seriously and intervene effectively if the child’s health is threatened. School nurses’ expertise is not very visible within school communities. Hoping to receive information and desiring parental involvement are important concepts of cooperation with the school nurse. The child’s family is not sufficiently known or taken holistically into consideration when the child’s health is promoted. Parents are the initiators of cooperation within school health care and parents describe this by the concept of one‐sided communication.Conclusions:  Parents do not know about school nurses’ work and school health services. They would like to be more involved in school nursing activities. When developing children’s health services, parents’ expertise in their children’s well‐being should be paid more attention. This study enhances the knowledge of family nursing by describing Finnish parents’ perceptions of cooperation with school nurses. The findings facilitate the understanding of cooperation in school health services.
Primary Child Health Care Nurses’ assessment of health risks in children of foreign origin and their parents – a theoretical model
Authors: Berlin Anita , Hylander Ingrid , Törnkvist Lena 
Published: February 2008

Background:  According to recent studies, intercultural interaction in health care between clients and care‐givers seems to be problematic. A recent Swedish study revealed that a majority of Primary Child Health Care Nurses (PCHNurses) experienced difficulties in their interaction with children and parents of foreign origin. As every third child in the Primary Child Heath Care (PCHC) services is of foreign origin it seem to be of utmost importance to examine in depth how these difficulties could be understood and explained.Aim:  The present study aimed at a theoretical explanation of the core problem concerning PCHNurses’ interaction with children and parents of foreign origin, as experienced by the PCHNurses.Methods:  Fifteen PCHNurses working in the PCHC services were interviewed. Grounded Theory was used as research methodology because focus is on social interactions and the aim is to theoretically explain unarticulated social processes.Results:  Anxiety about missing children, exposed to risks of ill‐health, due to various conditions in the child’s home environment, turned out to be the PCHNurses’ main concern. An assessment of health risks was initiated, when PCHNurses thought that psychosocial conditions in the child’s environment might cause ill health. Some of the psychosocial conditions were difficult to assess, as they were unfamiliar and not understood by the PCHNurses. In such difficult‐to‐assess cases, when the PCHNurses considered the possibility of undefined risk to the child’s health they held on to the assessment of the cases and worked out strategies to learn and understand more about the child and the child’s home environment. A theoretical model grounded in data was created accounting for the variation in the assessment process and the different strategies used. Implications are discussed and recommendations for improvements are given.
Experiences of the first year as father
Authors: Premberg Åsa , Hellström Anna‐Lena , Berg Marie 
Published: February 2008

Background and aims:  The importance of fathers’ participation for development of the child and the well‐being of the family is recognized from earlier research. In Sweden, legislation allows fathers to share the parental leave equally with the mother even so fathers only use a small of their paid leave. The aim of the study was to explore experiences of the first year as a father.Method:  A phenomenological life world approach was used. Ethical approval was obtained. Ten men, recruited by a purposive sample, were interviewed 12–14 months after the delivery of their first child. The data collection was performed during June and August 2004 in the south‐west area of Sweden.Findings:  The essence of the experiences of the first year as father was to place the baby in the centre without giving up one’s own person. The child provided warmth and happiness in the family and men experienced a deeper relationship to their partner. The contact between father and child was facilitated by engagement and time spent alone with the child. The major constituents identified from the findings were ‘To be overwhelmed’, ‘To master the new situation’ and ‘To get a new completeness in life’.Discussion and conclusion:  To master fatherhood maintenance of integrity and possibility to develop an independent relationship with the child is important. Fathers are invited to participate in postnatal childbirth education but the activities address women’s needs and it is doubtful if the fathers benefit from participation. Though fathers entered the delivery room some decades ago, as a support to the woman, health personnel of today must be aware of fathers’ own needs and the impact gender aspects have on their professional support.
Genes encoding longevity: from model organisms to humans
Authors: Kuningas Maris , Mooijaart Simon P. , Van Heemst Diana , Zwaan Bas J. , Slagboom P. Eline , Westendorp Rudi G. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryAmple evidence from model organisms has indicated that subtle variation in genes can dramatically influence lifespan. The key genes and molecular pathways that have been identified so far encode for metabolism, maintenance and repair mechanisms that minimize age‐related accumulation of permanent damage. Here, we describe the evolutionary conserved genes that are involved in lifespan regulation of model organisms and humans, and explore the reasons of discrepancies that exist between the results found in the various species. In general, the accumulated data have revealed that when moving up the evolutionary ladder, together with an increase of genome complexity, the impact of candidate genes on lifespan becomes smaller. The presence of genetic networks makes it more likely to expect impact of variation in several interacting genes to affect lifespan in humans. Extrapolation of findings from experimental models to humans is further complicated as phenotypes are critically dependent on the setting in which genes are expressed, while laboratory conditions and modern environments are markedly dissimilar. Finally, currently used methodologies may have only little power and validity to reveal genetic variation in the population. In conclusion, although the study of model organisms has revealed potential candidate genetic mechanisms determining aging and lifespan, to what extent they explain variation in human populations is still uncertain.
Acquired temperature‐sensitive paralysis as a biomarker of declining neuronal function in aging Drosophila
Authors: Reenan Robert A. , Rogina Blanka 
Published: February 2008

SummaryGeneral locomotor activity decreases with normal aging in animals and could be partially explained by decreases in neuronal function. Voltage‐gated Na+ channels are essential in initiating and propagating rapid electrical impulses underlying normal locomotor activity and behavior in animals. Isolation of mutations conferring temperature‐sensitive (ts) paralysis has been an extremely powerful paradigm for identifying genes involved in neuronal functions, such as membrane excitability and synaptic transmission. For instance, decreased expression of wild‐type Na+ channels in flies harboring the no‐action‐potential (nap) mutant allele (mlenapts) confers rapid and reversible ts paralysis, because of failure of action potential propagation. Here, we report that aging wild‐type Drosophila gradually develops an acquired susceptibility to ts paralysis that is indistinguishable from that seen in young ts paralytic mlenapts mutants. Moreover, we show that this general age‐dependent susceptibility is also present in mlenapts flies, although the effects are shifted to lower temperature regimes. The mlenapts flies also exhibit decreased lifespan and increased frailty. Paralysis and decreased lifespan of mlenapts flies were partially rescued by increasing the dosage of para, the structural gene for the major action potential Na+ channel in central nervous system of Drosophila. Lastly, we show a dramatic scaling of ts paralysis susceptibility with chronological age in short‐lived and long‐lived mutant flies, further demonstrating that this age‐dependent risk is independent of genetic background. Thus, decreased neural transmission, a hallmark of which is ts paralysis, is a biomarker of aging.
Discrimination of parasitized aphids by a hoverfly predator: effects on larval performance, foraging, and oviposition behavior
Authors: Almohamad Raki , Verheggen François J. , Francis Frédéric , Hance Thierry , Haubruge Eric 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe choice of oviposition site by female aphidophagous predators is crucial for offspring performance, especially in hoverflies whose newly hatched larvae are unable to move over large distance. Predator and parasitoid interactions within the aphidophagous guild are likely to be very important in influencing the choices made by predatory hoverfly females. In the present study, the foraging and oviposition behavior of the aphidophagous hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) was investigated with respect to the parasitized state of its aphid prey, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera: Aphididae), that were parasitized by Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). We also recorded the number of eggs laid by hoverfly females when subjected to parasitized aphids. Furthermore, we studied the influence of being fed with parasitized aphids on hoverfly larval performance. Hoverfly females did not exhibit any preference for plants infested with unparasitized or aphids parasitized for 7 days. On the other hand, plants infested with mummies or exuvia were less attractive for E. balteatus. These results were correlated with (i) the number of eggs laid by E. balteatus females and (ii) larval performance. Thus, our results demonstrate that E. balteatus behavior is affected by parasitoid presence through their exploitation of aphid colonies. Indeed, hoverfly predators select their prey according to the developmental state of the parasitoid larvae.
HPLC COUPLED WITH ION TRAP MS/MS FOR ANALYSIS OF TERTIARY BUTYLHYDROQUINONE IN EDIBLE OIL SAMPLES
Authors: HUANG WEN , NIU HAI , SHI BI , YANG MINLI , JIANG JIXIN 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT A rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the measurement of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in commercial edible oil was developed and validated. After extraction, samples without prior concentration were analyzed by ion trap MS/MS in MS and MS/MS negative ion detection modes using electrospray ionization. The method showed satisfactory recovery (81.9 ± 1.9–109.6 ± 4.6%), sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation of 48 µg/L for TBHQ) and precision (≤5.2%), as well as excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), with a run time of only 5 min. The method was successfully applied to the determination of TBHQ in commercial samples of edible oils containing various natural antioxidants, providing a promising and convenient entry to monitor the use of TBHQ.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSHPLC coupled with the ion trap tandem mass spectrometry method with high selectivity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy is suitable for routine quality control analysis of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in edible oils. Analyzing each oil sample by this method takes only 5 min. Moreover, the evaluation of TBHQ in commercial edible oil by this method does not suffer from interference of some coexisting potential peculiar chemical components.
RELATION BETWEEN SENSORY ASTRINGENCY OF EXTRACTS FROM SELECTED TANNIN‐RICH FOODS AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: AMAROWICZ RYSZARD , TROSZYŃSKA AGNIESZKA , KOSIŃSKA AGNIESZKA , LAMPARSKI GRZEGORZ , SHAHIDI FEREIDOON 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT Extracts obtained from hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, vetch seeds, buckwheat and buckwheat grits were examined for their sensory astringency and antioxidant properties. The sensory astringency was evaluated using the sensory scaling method and was expressed as sensation of astringency index (SAI). The antioxidant activity of extracts was analyzed using (1) total antioxidant activity (TAA), (2) the ability to scavenge the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical, (3) bleaching of β‐carotene and (4) reducing power. Human salivary protein (HSP) precipitation capacity of the extracts was assayed by spectrophotometric techniques. Statistically significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) existed between SAI values and TAA, SAI value and reducing power, and SAI values and HSP precipitation. The presence of condensed tannins in the extracts was confirmed by UV spectral and high‐performance liquid chromatography data.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe sensory astringency of the tannin‐rich extracts is correlated with their antioxidant activity. This information and the regression equations reported in this study could help to prepare functional foods characterized by the high antioxidant properties that could meet consumer's acceptance. However, studies should continue to explain whether the masking of astringency of plant extract with hydrocolloids may render any undesirable effect on their antioxidant properties.
COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDATIVE AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF MUNGOONG, A SHRIMP EXTRACT PASTE, FROM THE CEPHALOTHORAX OF WHITE SHRIMP
Authors: BINSAN WANWISA , BENJAKUL SOOTTAWAT , VISESSANGUAN WONNOP , ROYTRAKUL SITTIRUK , FAITHONG NANDHSHA , TANAKA MUNEHIKO , KISHIMURA HIDEKI 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT The chemical composition and antioxidative activity of mungoong, a shrimp extract paste from the cephalothorax of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), were studied. Mungoong contained 42.3% polyunsaturated and 29.59% saturated fatty acid. It was rich in C20:5 n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) (4.31 g/100 g) and C22:6 n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid) (7.07 g/100 g). Mungoong consisted of Na (15.3 g/kg) and Ca (8.07 g/kg) as the major minerals. Fe and Cu were found at very low content. Glutamine was the most abundant amino acid, while lysine, alanine and asparagine were predominant in mungoong. Mungoong water extract at a level of 1,000 ppm exhibited antioxidative activity in a β‐carotene–linoleic acid, lecithin liposome and comminuted fish model system. Antioxidative potential determined by 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activities and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power was quite stable during 8 weeks of storage at 4C and room temperature (28–30C). Antioxidative activities determined by all assays remained constant within the first week (P > 0.05). Thereafter, only slight decreases in activities were noticeable. During storage at both temperatures, mungoong's 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values increased during the first 2 weeks of storage (P < 0.05), followed by the gradual decrease of 8 weeks. Nevertheless, no marked changes in TBA values were observed between samples kept at both storage temperatures. Thus, antioxidative peptides might contribute to the retardation of lipid oxidation of mungoong during the extended storage.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMungoong, which is an extract paste from the cephalothorax of white shrimp, was demonstrated to be a good source of protein, n‐3 fatty acids as well as minerals. Additionally, mungoong could serve as a novel natural antioxidant with high stability. Therefore, mungoong produced from shrimp‐processing by‐products can be used as a neutraceutical product. This will lead to the full utilization of shrimp‐processing waste and would reduce environmental problems associated with improper disposal of such wastes.
On Nonlinear Forced Vibration of Shrouded Turbine
Blades
Authors: Szwedowicz J. , Visser R. , Sextro W. , Masserey P. A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Numerical predictions of the forced vibration of a disk assembly including frictional effects between the shrouds are presented concerning engineering needs for the blade design process. Assuming a tuned disk assembly, numerical static, free, and then forced vibration analyses of a shrouded turbine blade measured in the spin pit are performed systematically. For the excitation forces of an air jet evaluated from the fairly linear behavior of the experimental blade resonance peaks, the reliability of the proposed approach is validated through the very close agreement of the computed and measured resonant peaks. These resonant peaks demonstrate either a fairly linear behavior or a nonlinear one like the jump effect of blade resonance amplitudes, or elastic impacts between the shrouds. Also, the damping performance for different contact configurations between the shrouds is numerically analyzed. These numerical results indicate that the shrouds generate higher frictional damping for small angles (0–30deg) between the circumferential direction and the normal vector to the contact surface.
Active Wave Control of String Near Fixed Boundary
Authors: Saigo Muneharu , Takagi Kiyoshi , Tanaka Nobuo 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
We studied a wave control of a string near a fixed end. The equation of motion of a string is approximated as a lumped-parameter spring-and-mass system using the finite difference method. Finite difference equations (FDEs) for interior node points have the same set of coefficients, whereas the FDEs for boundary node points have a different set of coefficients. By using the control, the latter equation is modified to be as the same equation as the former one. The propagating wave is absorbed through a control actuator as if no boundary existed, and virtually, an infinite system is thus realized. Control is at the string position of the finite difference mesh spacing inside the fixed boundary that is free from supporting loads. We confirmed the effectiveness of the controller by numerical simulation for the traveling string and also did that by numerical simulation and by an experiment for the nontraveling string.
Vibratory Parameters of Blades From Coordinate Measurement Machine
Data
Authors: Sinha Alok , Hall Benjamin , Cassenti Brice , Hilbert Gary 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This paper deals with the development of a procedure to model geometric variations of blades. Specifically, vibratory parameters of blades are extracted from coordinate measurement machine (CMM) data on an integrally bladed rotor (IBR). The method is based on a proper orthogonal decomposition of CMM data, solid modeling, and finite element techniques. In addition to obtaining natural frequencies and mode shapes of each blade on an IBR, statistics of these modal parameters are also computed and characterized. Numerical results are validated by comparison with experimental results.
Heat Conduction Through Heat Exchanger Tubes of Noncircular Cross
Section
Authors: Moharana Manoj Ku. , Das Prasanta Ku. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Conduction through shaped tubes with circular inner surface and hydrodynamically shaped outer surface has been analyzed by two different techniques. A two-dimensional analysis has been made by a semianalytical technique using boundary collocation at the outer periphery. A one-dimensional approximate technique called sector method shows a closed agreement with the two-dimensional analysis. The present work gives an improvement on the analysis of Li et al. (2004, “Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Shaped Polymer Tubes: Fin Analysis,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 126, pp. 211–218) who solved the same problem using a one-dimensional approximation following the methodology of fin analysis. Both the present methods relax some of the approximations taken by Li et al. Further, the suggested one-dimensional sector method is simple and requires limited computational effort.