bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: Immunologic, cytochemical, morphologic, and cytogenetic studies in relation to pretreatment risk factors
Authors: Smithson William A. , Li Chin‐Yang , Pierre Robert V. , Ritts Roy E. , Burgert E. Omer , Gilchrist Gerald S. , Iistrup Duane M. , Hoffman Alan D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia were studied prior to therapy to determine whether sheep erythrocyte (E)‐receptor status correlated with clinical factors, cytochemical staining characteristics, FAB morphologic classification, and karyotype. Five patients (17%) with more than 50% E+ blasts had intense focal acid phosphatase staining and distinct clinical characteristics, including high leukocyte counts, mediastinal masses, and involvement of the central nervous system at diagnosis. Focal acid phosphatase activity was present in blasts of patients with greater than 20% E+ blasts, but this group had fewer poor risk factors. Morphologic and karyotypic features were not related to erythrocyte‐receptor status, but the L2 morphologic appearance occurrred more frequently in older patients (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte receptors have both qualitative and quantitative clinical correlations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, E+ and E‐ groups are heterogeneous and E+ groups must be analzyed for other risk factors and relapse rates determined before firm conclusions can be made about erythrocyte rosetting as an independent risk variable.
Some aspects of social and working rehabilitation of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after radical operations
Authors: Simonov Nicolas N. , Gnezdilov Andrew V. , Berjozkin Dmitry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of follow‐up of 143 patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors (stomach, 63 patients; colon, 13 patients; rectum, 67 patients) who have undergone radical operations are analyzed. The number of men and women among the examined patients was approximately equal, the age range was from 32 to 61 years, the length of follow‐up was from three months to one and one‐half years. The patients were regularly examined and questioned at the inpatient and outpatient departments by a surgeon and a psychiatrist.The analysis revealed marked psychogenic reactions, having different clinical forms, in patients of the oncological clinics in connection with a severe stress situation. In most of the cases these reactions were extremely extensive, and the patients were in need of specialized medical assistance (participation of a psychiatrist in their treatment). It is expedient to identify patients with marked psychogenic reactions for special treatment at the time of their acceptance to the clinic. The postoperative period of such patients was accompanied by complications in 58.5% of cases, in comparison with 12.5% in patients with mild psychogenic reactions.After discharge 31 of 62 patients found themselves in a conflict family situation, 24 patients were rather limited in their social contacts; the majority of these patients were not working after the operation.These findings indicate the need for psychotherapeutic support in oncology, plus psychopreventive measures and medical educational propaganda among the population as important components of rehabilitation programs.
Superior vena cava syndrome secondary to histiocytosis‐X in a child: Case report
Authors: Kuten Abraham , Jose Baby , O'Shea Patricia A. , Tefft Melvin , Glicksman Arvin S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of histiocytosis‐X with multifocal bone involvement and mediastinal soft tissue infiltration leading to superior vena cava obstruction, is presented. The incidence and the causes of superior vena cava syndrome in the pediatric group are discussed.
The incidence of post‐splenectomy sepsis and herpes zoster in children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Stutzman Leon , Blumenson Leslie E. , Brecher Martin L. , Thomas Patrick R. M. , Allen James E. , Jewett Theodore C. , Freeman Arnold I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenza and of herpes zoster (HZ) was reviewed in a series of 72 consecutive, previously untreated children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease. There was not a statistically significant difference in the risk of developing sepsis within five years of diagnosis between patients who had (16.6%) or had not (6.2%) undergone splenectomy. Sepsis occurred most frequently among patients treated initially with total nodal irradiation and combination chemotherapy. The estimated risk of HZ during the first five years after diagnosis was 34%. Patients treated initially with irradiation and combination chemotherapy had a significantly greater risk of developing HZ than patients treated initially with only irradiation (P < 0.05). Although trends were present which suggested that splenectomy and the extent of disease at diagnosis may influence the occurrence of HZ, these did not achieve statistical significance. Survival was not influenced by the occurrence of HZ.
Hepatic toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Vaughan William P. , Wilcox Patti M. , Alderson Phillip O. , Ettinger David S. , Abeloff Martin D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients developed abnormal liver function tests and focal defects on liver scan while receiving cyclosphosphamide, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy following mastectomy for breast cancer. Liver biopsies showed severe focal inflammation. The biopsy findings and the subsequent clinical course of the patients strongly suggest that these abnormalities were due to hepatic toxicity of the chemotherapy and not metastic breast cancer. A review of serial liver function tests performed on 24 patients in that chemotherapy program revealed that four out of eight patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase prior to therapy developed early metastatic cancer. Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurring during chemotherapy on the other hand was quite common but more likely due to hepatic toxicity of the drugs. The development of abnormal liver function tests even in association with focal defects on liver scan is not sufficient to diagnose metastatic breast cancer in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
The abscopal effect: Demonstration in lymphomatous involvement of kidneys
Authors: Robins H. Ian , Buchon J. Au , Varanasi V. R. , Weinstein Arvin B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with bilateral involvement of the kidneys with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma associated with renal failure is presented. This case report provides an example of the abscopal effect. Although only one kidney received radiation therapy, both kidneys were shown to respond to this treatment.
Tissue disposition of doxorubicin in experimental animals
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. (Margaret) , Chan Kenneth K. , Harris Phillip A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDoxorubicin was administered via peripheral vein to rabbits with or without VX‐2 carcinoma and to rats with 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma. In rabbits, the doxorubicin tissue levels showed a decreasing order as follows: kidney, spleen, lung, heart, marrow, liver, gut, tumor, muscle, and fat. In rats, the order of doxorubicin concentration in organs from high to low appeared similar, except lung concentration was closer to spleen and kidney; and doxorubicin level in fat was higher than that in muscle. When different doses of doxorubicin were given, the tissue concentrations were proportional to the dose. At 24 hr after administration, the concentration of doxorubicin in liver was much higher in rats that received the drug injected directly into the hepatic artery or mesenteric‐portal vein than in those that received the drug via the peripheral vein. In the discussions, our results in rats and rabbits were compared with what had been reported in the literature of tissue uptake studies in mice, dogs, and patients.
Clinical pharmacology of methotrexate
Authors: Bertino J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX), a potent folate antagonist by virtue of its ability to inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase [1], continues to be a useful cancer chemotherapeutic agent [2]. Information not only on its mechanism of action, but also its pharmacology has led to improved dosage schedules of this drug alone and in combination. The use of high (gm) doses of MTX followed by leucovorin “rescue” has required close attention to the blood levels of this drug and has stimulated further studies of its clinical pharmacology, especially of high‐dose regimens.This review summarizes the present status of the clinical pharmacology of MTX.
Prognostic role of the intravenous urogram in children with acute leukemia
Authors: Taylor George A. , Mellits E. David , Zinkham William H. , Leventhal Brigid G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe retrospectively studied intravenous urograms (IVU) performed at presentation on 108 children with acute leukemia in order to determine whether any association existed between an abnormal IVU and known prognostic factors at presentation, initial renal function, and outcome. Sixteen patients (14%) had abnormal IVUs. These patients were compared to the remainder of the group and found to be comparable in respect to known prognostic factors at diagnosis (P >0.05). No correlation was found between abnormal renal function and an abnormal IVU. Renal enlargement was associated with shorter survival only in patients who had both adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly (P <0.01). This effect did not persist in any other group of patients examined. When subjected to multivariate analysis the IVU did not significantly influence relapse or survival in these patients. Renal enlargement may be a prognostic feature in some patients with childhood leukemia. Nevertheless routine evaluation by IVU is discouraged because of potential adverse affects of urographic contrast media and the availability of noninvasive ultrasound techniques.
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in an older child: Association with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Rao S. P. , Bhagavath S. , Chen C. K. , Tolete‐Velcek F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 9‐year‐old black girl underwent right hepatectomy because of a large primary tumor in the right lobe of the liver. Histopathologic examination revealed the diagnosis of mesenchymal hamartoma, a rare benign tumor occurring mostly in children below the age of 2 years. Preoperatively, the patient had laboratory evidence of mild disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) but had no bleeding manifestations. In preparation for the surgery, the patient received whole blood exchange transfusion and platelet transfusion which reresulted in marked improvement in hemostatic parameters. Despite what appeared to be adequate replacement of blood loss during the surgical procedure, the patient developed sudden cardiac arrest near the end of the procedure and died. The probable cause of death was hypovolemia. This case of mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma illustrates two unusual features: age of the patient and the association with DIC. The latter, to our knowledge, has not been reported before.
Endobronchial metastases from carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Ettensohn David B. , Bennett John M. , Hyde Richard W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report the case histories of four patients with endobronchial metastases from breast cancer, two of whom died of resultant respiratory insufficiency. To aid in earlier diagnosis and thus permit more rapid application of specific therapy, we characterized the epidemiology and presenting symptoms of these patients and 38 additional patients with endobronchial metastases from breast carcinoma that have been reported in the literature. The average age at presentation with endobronchial metastases was 55, and the average time from diagnosis of the breast primary lesion to the endobronchial metastasis was 77 months. Cough occurred in 71% of patients; wheezing and hemoptysis occurred in 25%. Segmental atelectasis occurred in 57% on chest roentgenogram. Average survival of patients from the time of diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was 21 months; median survival was 19 months.
Tumors of unknown origin
Authors: Ringenberg Q. Scott 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumors of unknown origin (TUOs) account for 3% of cancers and represent the eighth‐most common cancer diagnosis. Although TUOs are commonly classified by their histological presentation, examination of the location of the metastases is equally important. When the histological type and location of metastases are both known, a finite number of common clinical syndromes emerge and one can predict the most common occult primaries.
Acute cytoreduction techniques in the early treatment of hyperleukocytosis associated with childhood hematologic malignancies
Authors: Strauss Robert A. , Gloster Elizabeth S. , McCallister John A. , Jimenez Jorge F. , Neuberg Ronnie W. , Berry Daisilee H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarly and effective Cytoreduction for high peripheral white blood cell counts in pediatric patients with acute leukemia may be helpful in preventing complications secondary to hyperviscosity. It also may be a useful adjunct to systemic chemotherapy. As an alternative to automated apheresis for this purpose, manual exchange transfusion is efficacious and does not require hemapheresis instrumentation and disposables and the related special staff. Two patients, a neonate with acute myeloblastic leukemia and a white blood cell count of 422.2 k/μl as well as a 2 1/2‐year‐old with an admission diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia and a white blood cell count of 617.4 k/μl, underwent manual exchange hemotherapy for acute cytoreduction. The procedures were tolerated well, and significant leukocyte removal was achieved, with the respective leukocyte reductions being 81.1 and 68.7%. The techniques available for pediatric cytoreduction are compared, with emphasis on their efficiency and safety and appropriateness for very small children.
Serum neuron‐specific enolase in metastatic merkel cell tumors
Authors: Giannone Leonard , Johnson David H. , Grosh William W. , Davis Ben W. , Marangos Paul J. , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree patients with widely disseminated Merkel cell tumors of the skin are presented. In all three cases, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) was demonstrated in neoplastic tissue by immunohistochemical staining, and serum NSE levels were also elevated in all three patients. Serum NSE may prove to be a useful tumor marker in this and other malignancies of neuroendocrine origin.
Congestive heart failure, hypertension, and hyperreninemia in bilateral Wilms' tumor: Successful medical management
Authors: Stine Kimo C. , Goertz Kenneth K. , Poisner Alan M. , Lowman James T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCongestive heart failure is an unusual complication of the hyperreninemia of Wilms' tumors. Cases with bilateral tumors present a difficult management problem. This is a report of the successful medical management of a child with congestive heart failure secondary to hyperreninemia from bilateral Wilms' tumor. Hypertension and hyperreninemia were extensively documented. Their etiologic relation to the congestive heart failure was supported by the patient's improved cardiac function following specific reninangiotensin blockade. With unilateral tumors, surgical excision corrects the hypertension; however, with large bilateral tumors, excision is out of the question. A unique feature of this case is the ability to control the blood pressure with saralasin. With subsequent antitumor therapy, renin concentrations decreased proportional to tumor size, and renin angiotensin blocking therapy could be discontinued.
The impact of induction anthracycline on long‐term failure‐free survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hitchcock‐Bryan Suzanne , Gelber Richard , Cassady J. Robert , Sallan Stephen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarly intensive therapy might be critical in improving failure‐free survival for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Between 1973 and 1977, 107 children received vincristine and prednisone (VP) induction and 30 received the same two agents plus an anthracycline (VPA), Ninety‐nine of the VP‐treated group and all 30 of the VPA‐treated patients achieved complete remission.At a median observation time of 10 years, 59 of 137 children remain in continuous complete remission. Failure‐free survival was 37% for the VP group and 63% for the VPA group (p = 0.02). Failure‐free survival for boys who received VP was 28%, compared with 68% for boys who received VPA (p = 0.007). All 11 extramedullary relapses and all seven relapses occurring beyond 3.8 years from diagnosis (three testicular and four bone marrow) were observed among the VP group.We conclude that use of an anthracycline during remission induction therapy influenced failure‐free survival and that early results of successful antileukemic therapy in children must be confirmed by follow‐up progress reports.
The enigma of testicular leukemia: A critical review
Authors: Russo Antonio , Schiliro Gino 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsolated testicular relapse (T.R.) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has an overall incidence of 10% and affects mainly patients off therapy. Multivariate analysis of pretreatment characteristics has shown that lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly are independently associated with increased risk of T.R. during maintenance and off therapy, respectively. Sequential biopsy studies have demonstrated that testicular biopsies are unable to detect scanty infiltrates and have no practical utility. Prophylactic gonadal irradiation produced equivocal results and should not be used because of its sterilizing effect. Intensive multidrug regimens or prolonged maintenance were unable to substantially reduce T.R. rate. On the contrary, intermediate‐dose methotrexate (IDM) early in remission has almost abolished T.R. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that testicular interstitium is a very peculiar site where blasts are partially protected from the drug action; high drug concentrations are required for the optimal cytocidal effect. There are sufficient clues of a link between the excess of late marrow relapse in male sex and the capacity of testes of harboring blasts. Therefore IDM early in remission should be routinely adopted for prevention of testicular leukemia and its potential of late spread.
Treatment of lymphohistiocytic erythrophagocytosis with VP‐16 and aziridinylbenzoquinone
Authors: Becton David L. , Kurtzberg Joanne , Kinney Thomas R. , Friedman Henry S. , Chaffee Sara , Falletta John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphohistiocytic erythrophagocytosis (LE) is a usually fatal disease characterized by fever, organomegaly, hyperlipidemia, central nervous system involvement, and cellular immunodeficiency. Treatment with corticosteroids, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and blood exchange is unsuccessful. We have treated two children with the epipodophyllotoxin VP‐16 and with intrathecal chemotherapy. Each patient had an initial complete response, and one remains in remission 36 months after therapy began. Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) therapy induced a complete response in a patient who relapsed during VP‐16 therapy. A combination of VP‐16 and intrathecal chemotherapy appears to be the most effective therapy for LE, and further evaluation of the role of AZQ is indicated.
Improved detection of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma with the use of bone marrow scintigraphy
Authors: Jones Gary R. , Miller John H. , White Les , Laug Walter E. , Shore Nomie A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrognosis in Ewing's sarcoma is inversely related to the extent of the disease at the time of presentation. The most common sites of metastases are the lungs and skeleton. Bone marrow metastases may be present but clinically silent. We report the use of Technetium (Tc)‐99m bone marrow scintigraphy to detect sites of marrow involvement by metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. This method of evaluation allowed identification of sites of involvement by Ewing's sarcoma that were not available by any other method of evaluation. In several instances, information provided by this method was pivotal in the management of these patients. Based on this small series of patients, bone marrow scintigraphy appears to be a sensitive modality in the detection of metastatic disease in patients with Ewing's sarcoma. Better understanding of the role of bone marrow scanning and its correlation with other diagnostic procedures in Ewing's sarcoma will require further study.
Malignant histiocytosis in infants: Surface marker analysis of malignant cells in two cases
Authors: Ishii Eiichi , Hara Toshiro , Okamura Jun , Suda Masahiro , Takeuchi Takami , Lida Koichi , Ueda Kohji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo infants with malignant histiocytosis, as diagnosed by morphological and cytochemical examinations of malignant cells infiltrating pleural effusion, skin, and bone marrow, are described. Surface marker analysis of the malignant cells with monoclonal antibodies showed these cells to express markers of Tlymphocytes and HLA‐DR antigen, but not those of B‐lymphocytes, granulocytes, or monocytes. These immunological findings demonstrated that the neoplastic cells in malignant histiocytosis of infancy may be of Tcell origin, rather than histiocytic or monocytic origin.
Hodgkin's disease following Wilms' tumor: A case report
Authors: Bell B. A. , Esseltine D. W. , Freeman C. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient is described who developed Hodgkin's disease 16 years after treatment of Wilms' tumor with radiation and actinomycin D. The issues relating to Hodgkin's disease as a second malignancy are reviewed. The need for long‐term surveillance of patients with malignant disease for late effects of the cancer and its treatment is emphasized.
Clinical utility of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis and management of neuroblastoma
Authors: Ganick Dorothy J. , Silverman Jan F. , Holbrook C. Tate , Dabbs David J. , Kodroff Michael B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were performed in five children with neuroblastoma, including one patient with peripheral neuroectodermal tumor of the thoracopulmonary region (Askin tumor). Cytologic features in conjunction with immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy on the aspirated material enabled us to make a primary diagnosis in four of the five patients and diagnose local recurrence and metastatic disease in three patients. There were no false‐positive or false‐negative cytologic diagnoses; therefore, diagnostic accuracy was 100%. FNA is an extremely useful technique for the primary diagnosis and management of neuroblastoma and excludes other small cell malignancies of children. The results of this study and literature review demonstrate that FNA cytology coupled with ancillary techniques of immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy is a rapid, safe, minimally invasive procedure which can aid in the diagnosis and management of patients with neuroblastoma without resorting to more aggressive diagnostic procedures in selective cases.