bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Nakagawa Theresa Helissa , Muniz Thiago Batista , Baldon Rodrigo de Marche , Dias Maciel Carlos , de Menezes Reiff Rodrigo Bezerra , Serrão Fábio Viadanna 
Published: December 2008

Objectives: To study the effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in a strengthening quadriceps exercise rehabilitation programme for patients with the patellofemoral pain syndrome. Design: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Setting: Clinical setting with home programme. Participants: Fourteen patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Intervention: The subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention group (strengthening of quadriceps plus strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles) or to the control group (strengthening of quadriceps). Both groups participated in a six-week home exercise protocol. Main outcome measures: The perceived pain symptoms, isokinetic eccentric knee extensor, hip abductor and lateral rotator torques and the gluteus medius electromyographic activity were assessed before and after treatment. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the groups before and after treatment with α=0.05. Results: Only the intervention group improved perceived pain symptoms during functional activities (P=0.02—0.04) and also increased their gluteus medius electromyographic activity during isometric voluntary contraction (P=0.03). Eccentric knee extensors torque increased in both groups (P=0.04 and P=0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the hip muscles torque in either group. Conclusion: Supplementation of strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in a strengthening quadriceps exercise programme provided additional benefits with respect to the perceived pain symptoms during functional activities in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome after six weeks of treatment.
Targeted inhibition of the immunoproteasome is a potent strategy against models of multiple myeloma that overcomes resistance to conventional drugs and nonspecific proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Kuhn Deborah J. , Hunsucker Sally A. , Chen Qing , Voorhees Peter M. , Orlowski Marian , Orlowski Robert Z. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is a validated strategy for therapy of multiple myeloma, but this disease remains challenging as relapses are common, and often associated with increasing chemoresistance. Moreover, nonspecific proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib can induce peripheral neuropathy and other toxicities that may compromise the ability to deliver therapy at full doses, thereby decreasing efficacy. One novel approach may be to target the immunoproteasome, a proteasomal variant found predominantly in cells of hematopoietic origin that differs from the constitutive proteasome found in most other cell types. Using purified preparations of constitutive and immunoproteasomes, we screened a rationally designed series of peptidyl-aldehydes and identified several with relative specificity for the immunoproteasome. The most potent immunoproteasome-specific inhibitor, IPSI-001, preferentially targeted the β1i subunit of the immunoproteasome in vitro and in cellulo in a dose-dependent manner. This agent induced accumulation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, proapoptotic proteins, and activated caspase-mediated apoptosis. IPSI-001 potently inhibited proliferation in myeloma patient samples and other hematologic malignancies. Importantly, IPSI-001 was able to overcome conventional and novel drug resistance, including resistance to bortezomib. These findings provide a rationale for the translation of IPSIs to the clinic, where they may provide antimyeloma activity with greater specificity and less toxicity than current inhibitors.
Relevance of the immunoglobulin VH somatic mutation status in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) or related chemoimmunotherapy regimens
Authors: Lin Katherine I. , Tam Constantine S. , Keating Michael J. , Wierda William G. , O'Brien Susan , Lerner Susan , Coombes Kevin R. , Schlette Ellen , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Barron Lynn L. , Kipps Thomas J. , Rassenti Laura , Faderl Stefan , Kantarjian Hagop , Abruzzo Lynne V. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough immunoglobulin VH mutation status (IgVH MS) is prognostic in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who are treated with alkylating agents or single-agent fludarabine, its significance in the era of chemoimmunotherapy is not known. We determined the IgVH somatic mutation status (MS) in 177 patients enrolled in a phase 2 study of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) and in 127 patients treated with subsequent chemoimmunotherapy protocols. IgVH MS did not impact significantly on the complete remission (CR) rate of patients receiving FCR or related regimens. However, CR duration was significantly shorter in patients with CLL that used unmutated IgVH than those whose CLL used mutated IgVH (TTP 47% vs 82% at 6 years, P < .001). In a multivariate model considering all baseline characteristics, IgVH MS emerged as the only determinant of remission duration (hazard ratio 3.8, P < .001). Our results suggest that postremission interventions should be targeted toward patients with unmutated IgVH status.
Potassium Bicarbonate Attenuates the Urinary Nitrogen Excretion That Accompanies an Increase in Dietary Protein and May Promote Calcium Absorption
Authors: Ceglia Lisa , Harris Susan S. , Abrams Steven A. , Rasmussen Helen M. , Dallal Gerard E. , Dawson-Hughes Bess 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Context: Protein is an essential component of muscle and bone. However, the acidic byproducts of protein metabolism may have a negative impact on the musculoskeletal system, particularly in older individuals with declining renal function.
Objective: We sought to determine whether adding an alkaline salt, potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), allows protein to have a more favorable net impact on intermediary indices of muscle and bone conservation than it does in the usual acidic environment.
Design: We conducted a 41-d randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of KHCO3 or placebo with a 16-d phase-in and two successive 10-d metabolic diets containing low (0.5 g/kg) or high (1.5 g/kg) protein in random order with a 5-d washout between diets.
Setting: The study was conducted in a metabolic research unit.
Participants: Nineteen healthy subjects ages 54–82 yr participated.
Intervention: KHCO3 (up to 90 mmol/d) or placebo was administered for 41 d.
Main Outcome Measures: We measured 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion, IGF-I, 24-h urinary calcium excretion, and fractional calcium absorption.
Results: KHCO3 reduced the rise in urinary nitrogen excretion that accompanied an increase in protein intake (P = 0.015) and was associated with higher IGF-I levels on the low-protein diet (P = 0.027) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.050). KHCO3 was also associated with higher fractional calcium absorption on the low-protein diet (P = 0.041) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.064).
Conclusions: In older adults, KHCO3 attenuates the protein-induced rise in urinary nitrogen excretion, and this may be mediated by IGF-I. KHCO3 may also promote calcium absorption independent of the dietary protein content.
P2Y12 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Prasugrel
Authors: Scott Day Marice , Norwood Rhonda M , Parra David 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE To review the literature describing the pharmacology, pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and adverse effects of prasugrel, a new thienopyridine. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted (1966–November 2008) of the MEDLINE, Current Contents, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstract databases using the key words prasugrel, CS-747, LY640315, and P2Y12. Bibliographies of identified literature were also reviewed for additional references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All reports published in English that evaluated prasugrel (or its chemical synonyms) were reviewed. Abstracts without subsequently published reports were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS Given the high rate of recurrent coronary events despite current antiplatelet therapies, agents with potentially greater efficacy are under investigation. Prasugrel is a novel thienopyridine prodrug that is rapidly metabolized to its active platelet-inhibitory metabolite (R-138727) and exerts antiplatelet activity through antagonism of P2Y12 receptors. Prasugrel is very similar in structure and mechanism of action to clopidogrel, as they both possess a methoxycarbonyl group that provides increased pharmacologic activity and an improved hematologic safety profile when compared with ticlopidine. In addition, when compared with clopidogrel, prasugrel demonstrates greater potency and less interpatient variability in the inhibition of platelet aggregation, less in vitro hyporesponsiveness, and, in patients with acute coronary syndromes, a reduced rate of ischemic events. However, this reduction in ischemic events was accompanied by an increased risk of major and fatal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Prasugrel appears to be a promising antiplatelet agent, with emerging clinical data in direct comparison with clopidogrel supporting its role in reducing recurrent ischemic events. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prasugrel across various patient populations and clinical scenarios. THIS ARTICLE IS APPROVED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT ACPE UNIVERSAL PROGRAM NUMBER 407-000-09-001-H01-P
Properties of wood surfaces – characterisation and measurement. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
Authors: Sinn Gerhard , Sandak Jakub , Ramananantoandro Tahiana 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Wood surfaces might be considered as geometrical structures combined with position dependent chemical properties. It is possible to access surface properties only from a methodical point of view, e.g., by measuring roughness, colour, surface energy and other features. This type of characterisation remains incomplete because it does not account for the complex interactions of the properties, which are caused by the machining process. A better approach might be to describe the surface as a system of time dependent properties including the history of machining operations performed for a specific purpose. This work presents the advancements in the understanding of wood surfaces achieved in the course of the COST Action E35. The interaction between raw material, machining, and techniques of measurement will be discussed in terms of surface characteristics including the tactile properties of wood surfaces.
Addition of bisulphite to lignin α-carbonyl groups: A study on model compounds and lignin-rich pulp
Authors: Warsta Elina , Vuorinen Tapani , Pitkänen Maija 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Lignin α-carbonyl groups play an important role in light-induced yellowing as initial absorber of UV light. The model compounds vanillin, verataldehyde, and acetovanillone were studied and the reaction rate coefficient k was calculated for the addition of bisulphite to carbonyls. UV-Vis spectra of the model compounds in bisulphite solution were measured between 200 and 400 nm and at a single wavelength of 305 nm. The reaction was fastest with vanillin, but only a minor part of acetovanillone reacted, which can be explained with different reactivity of aldehydes and ketones. Calculated reaction rate coefficients were 26×10-3 s-1 and 18×10-3 s-1 for vanillin and verataldehyde, respectively. Sheets from chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) were treated with bisulphite solutions (10 mM, 20 mM and 0.1 M; for 1 and 5 min) in order to study the potential of this treatment in retarding yellowing of CTMP. Initial brightness was improved with the treatments, but as the brightness loss was even more drastic, stabilization was not achieved. FT-IR spectra of bisulphite treated samples revealed that only part of the carbonyl groups reacted. The unsuccessful light stabilization of the pulp originated probably from an inadequate carbonyl addition, a problem which could not be resolved.
On the energy consumption for crack development in fibre wall in disc refining – A micromechanical approach
Authors: Berg Jan-Erik , Gulliksson Mårten E. , Gradin Per A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
An analytical model has been applied to calculate the acquired strain energy density in order to achieve a certain damage state in a softwood fibre by uniaxial tension or shear load. The energy density was found to be dependent on the microfibril angle in the middle secondary wall, the loading case, the thicknesses of the fibre cell wall layers, and conditions, such as moisture content and temperature. At conditions, prevailing at the entrance of the gap between the plates in a refiner and at relative high damage states, more energy is needed to create cracks at higher microfibril angles. The energy density was lower for earlywood compared to latewood fibres. For low microfibril angles, the energy density was lower for loading in shear compared to tension for both earlywood and latewood fibres. Material parameters, such as initial damage state and specific fracture energy, were determined by fitting of input parameters to experimental data.
Reactions of aromatic structures in brightness reversion of fully-bleached eucalyptus kraft pulps
Authors: Jääskeläinen Anna-Stiina , Toikka Katri , Lähdetie Anni , Liitiä Tiina , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The role of aromatic structures in brightness reversion of fully bleached pulps was studied by UV resonance Raman (UVRR) and reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results clearly showed that ageing increased the aromatic band at approximately 1600 cm-1 in the UVRR spectra and the lignin band at approximately 280 nm in the UV-Vis spectra. This increase was probably due to increased conjugation of lignin and it was observed for all pulps regardless of the bleaching sequence. In addition to these lignin reactions, other unsaturated structures, such as hexenuronic acid groups, reacted during ageing.
International Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries: Poland
Authors: Mazur Jagoda , Komanska Henryka , Jablonska Malgorzata 
Published: December 2008

Marketing and product research are new phenomena in Poland. Until 1990, the country had a centrally planned economy and there were few choices in each category of consumable goods. The change in the economic and political system spurred fast economic growth. Many multi-national companies moved quickly into the Polish market. Polish consumers enjoy a living standard among the highest of the former Eastern-block countries. On May 1, 2004, Poland joined the EU and became part of the EU commonmarket. Prior to the accession, Poland had to implement all necessary political, judiciary, and economical reforms to be able to cope with market forces within the Union.
Polish consumers have many similarities to those in the market economies, but there are some cultural differences that may affect research results. For example, many older Poles (55+) have not adapted to the new language of the market and may not be reliable respondents. The response rates to self-administered questionnaires have been rising; however, face-to-face contact is more effective.
Marketing research is well developed in Poland. Most of the major western market research firms have offices in Poland (especially in Warsaw, the country capital). Many independent local market research firms also exist.
International Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries: United States
Authors: Karow Sheryl , Klawien Bree , Lessard Leisa 
Published: December 2008

All comments regarding the United States consumer and culture will be representative of a range of customs, habits, and underlying implicit values for the culture. This document is being written for use with all consumer products.
To conduct successful quantitative and qualitative consumer research in the United States, you must know your test objective, who you want to survey, length of the interview, and testing requirements. Initially, a proposal should be submitted to several research vendors for costing and timing projections. The preliminary vendor proposal should include seven main items-screening requirements, test type and design, length of interview, incidence, list of test cities, product storage requirements, questionnaire details, facility and timing requirements, and services required.
Knowing what services each vendor provides will help manage time and money when preparing for consumer research. There are three types of research vendors-field services only, consumer-testing facilities that outsource the field, and full-service consumer testing facilities with field services.
The screening requirements are essential for recruiting the right consumer to test the product. The more specific the screening requirements, the lower the incidence (% out of 100 contacted who qualify). For example, at a 10 % incidence, it will take five times longer to recruit qualified respondents than at a 50 % incidence and would also cost proportionally more. This time difference must be accounted for when determining the project timing and ultimate cost of the project.
The type of test and test design will vary depending on your test objective and monetary funds available. Prerecruiting respondents over the telephone to participate in a CLT is more expensive than a mall recruit.
The incentive or amount a person is paid for participating is typically dependent on the length of the interview and the incidence of finding a qualified respondent. The longer the interview and the lower the incidence the more the project will cost.
It is important that for national introductions, products are tested in the northeast, midwest, south and west to cover any regional preferences that may occur. Both the northeast and west tend to have higher testing costs than either the midwest or south.
Oil Spill Response Performance Review of Skimmers
Authors: Schulze R 
Published: December 2008

Description
ASTM Manual 34 provides you with all the information necessary for selecting skimmers for various applications.
In assembling reports to develop this publication, government agencies were able to find and provide single copies of many test reports-copies that were available no where else but in government archives-to use for analysis. This never-before published information is now available in condensed form to the user. The data is easily accessible, meaningful, and quickly understood.
Fifteen chapters cover the following skimmer types:• broom; • brush (chain and drum brush); • disc; • drum; • paddle belt; • stationary rope mop; • suspended rope mop; • ZRV rope mop; • sorbent belt; • fixed submersion plane; • submersion moving plane; • suction; • air conveyors; • weir and induced flow weir; • and advancing weir.
A valuable reference for spill response professionals working in oil companies, government agencies, consulting firms, oil spill co-ops, and spill recovery contracting firms.
High prevalence of arthropathy, according to the definitions of radiological and clinical osteoarthritis, in patients with long-term cure of acromegaly: a case–control study
Authors: Wassenaar M J E , Biermasz N R , van Duinen N , van der Klaauw A A , Pereira A M , Roelfsema F , Smit J W A , Kroon H M , Kloppenburg M , Romijn J A 
Published: December 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and rheumatological and radiological characteristics of arthropathy in patients after long-term cure of acromegaly in comparison with age-matched controls.DesignCase–control study.PatientsWe compared 89 patients with adequate biochemical control of acromegaly (mean 14 years) and 67 age-matched controls.MeasurementsStudy parameters were the results of symptom questionnaires, structured physical examination and radiographs of the spine, hip, knee and hand. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis was based on a) radiological osteoarthritis determined by Kellgren and Lawrence and b) clinical osteoarthritis determined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. For the radiological comparison with controls, a Dutch reference group was used.ResultsPain/stiffness at ≥1 joint site was reported by 72% of patients, most frequently in the spine and hands. Radiological osteoarthritis at ≥1 joint site was present in 99% of patients, most frequently in the spine and hip, and increased at all joint sites in comparison with controls (odds ratios: 2–20). Despite long-term cure of acromegaly, the characteristic widening of joint spaces was still present. In addition, severe osteophytosis was present. Representative radiographs of these typical features are included in the manuscript. According to the ACR criteria, clinical osteoarthritis at ≥1 joint site was present in 63% of patients, most frequently in the spine and hand. Patients had a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than controls at all joint sites according to all scoring methods and at a younger age.ConclusionsPrior GH excess has irreversible, deleterious late effects on the clinical and radiological aspects of joints in patients with long-term cure of acromegaly.
Short-term aromatase inhibition: effects on glucose metabolism and serum leptin levels in young and elderly men
Authors: Lapauw B , T'Sjoen G , Mahmoud A , Kaufman J M , Ruige J B 
Published: December 2008

ObjectiveTo assess and compare the effects of short-term aromatase inhibition on glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and adipocytokine levels in young and elderly men.Design and methodsTen elderly and nine young healthy men were randomized to receive letrozole 2.5 mg daily or placebo for 28 days in a crossover design.ResultsBoth in young and elderly men, active treatment significantly increased serum testosterone (+128 and +99%, respectively) and decreased estradiol levels (−41 and −62%, respectively). Fasting glucose and insulin levels decreased in young men after active intervention (−7 and −37%, respectively) compared with placebo. Leptin levels fell markedly in both age groups (−24 and −25%, respectively), while adiponectin levels were not affected by the intervention. Lipid profile was slightly impaired in both groups, with increasing low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (+14%) in the younger age group and 10% lower levels of APOA1 in the elderly. A decline in IGF1 levels (−15%) was observed in the younger age group. No changes in weight or body mass index were observed in either young or old men.ConclusionsShort-term aromatase inhibition appears to affect glucose metabolism in young men, and lipid metabolism, including leptin secretion, in young and elderly men. Furthermore, the short period of exposure suggests that these changes might be mediated by direct effects of sex steroids rather than by changes in body composition.