bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial angioplasty and stent placement for direct cerebral revascularization of nonacute intracranial occlusions and near occlusions
Authors: Kole Max , Amin Beejal , Marin Horia , Russman Andrew , Sanders William 
Published: February 2009

Object
The authors reviewed their experience in 7 cases of nonacute intracranial occlusions and near occlusions in which the patients underwent intracranial angioplasty and stent implantation for direct cerebral revascularization.

Methods
Between 2005 and 2008, 4 men and 3 women underwent direct cerebral revascularization of nonacute intracerebral occlusions or near occlusions. Five patients had chronic angiographically documented occlusion and 2 patients had chronic angiographically documented near occlusions. The locations of the treated vessels included 2 supraclinoid internal carotid arteries, 4 middle cerebral arteries, and 1 vertebral artery. Prior to intervention, all patients were symptomatic and experienced strokes ipsilateral to their occlusions. In addition, all patients had clinical or radiographic evidence of ongoing hemodynamic compromise. Five patients underwent successful intracranial angioplasty and stent placement and 2 patients underwent successful intracranial balloon angioplasty alone. The mean time from documented vessel occlusion to treatment was 35 days. All patients had successful revascularization determined using the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale: TICI Score 3, 2b, and 2a in 4, 2, and 1 patient, respectively, and the mean residual stenosis was 38%.

Results
After uneventful technical procedures, 1 patient suffered a perforator vessel stroke and 1 patient suffered a fatal hemorrhage. Mean modified Rankin Scale score of 2 (range 1–5) and mean Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 (range 1–6) were achieved during a mean clinical follow-up period of 399 days (range 1–840 days). Asymptomatic restenosis was documented in 4 patients, 1 underwent bypass retreatment, and 1 patient received repeated balloon angioplasty.

Conclusions
Combined intracranial angioplasty and stent placement is a potential treatment option in selected patients for the direct revascularization of nonacute intracranial occlusions and near occlusions. Whether this represents a substantial risk reduction compared with the best medical therapy or a long-lasting treatment option is unknown.
Discrete cerebral hypothermia in the management of traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Harris Odette A. , Muh Carrie R. , Surles Monique C. , Pan Yi , Rozycki Grace , Macleod Jana , Easley Kirk 
Published: February 2009

Object
Hypothermia has been extensively evaluated in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but no consensus as to its effectiveness has yet been reached. Explanatory hypotheses include a possible confounding effect of the neuroprotective benefits by adverse systemic effects. To minimize the systemic effects, the authors evaluated a selective cerebral cooling system, the CoolSystem Discrete Cerebral Hypothermia System (a “cooling cap”), in the management of TBI.

Methods
A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Grady Memorial Hospital, a Level I trauma center. Adults admitted with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤ 8) were eligible. Patients assigned to the treatment group received the cooling cap, while those in the control group did not. Patients in the treatment group were treated with selective cerebral hypothermia for 24 hours, then rewarmed over 24 hours. Their intracranial and bladder temperatures, cranial-bladder temperature gradient, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, and mortality rates were evaluated. The primary outcome was to establish a cranial-bladder temperature gradient in those patients with the cooling cap. The secondary outcomes were mortality and morbidity per GOS and FIM scores.

Results
The cohort comprised 25 patients (12 in the treatment group, 13 controls). There was no significant intergroup difference in demographic data or median GCS score at enrollment (treatment group 3.0, controls 3.0; p = 0.7). After the third hour of the study, the mean intracranial temperature of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the controls at all time points except Hours 4 (p = 0.08) and 6 (p = 0.08). However, the target intracranial temperature of 33°C was achieved in only 2 patients in the treatment group. The mean intracranial-bladder temperature gradient was not significant for the treatment group (p = 0.07) or the controls (p = 0.67). Six (50.0%) of 12 patients in the treatment group and 4 (30.8%) of 13 in the control group died (p = 0.43). The medians of the maximum change in GOS and FIM scores during the study period (28 days) for both groups were 0. There was no significant difference in complications between the groups (p value range 0.20–1.0).

Conclusions
The cooling cap was not effective in establishing a statistically significant cranial-bladder temperature gradient or in reaching the target intracranial temperature in the majority of patients. No significant difference was achieved in mortality or morbidity between the 2 groups. As the technology currently stands, the Discrete Cerebral Hypothermia System cooling cap is not beneficial for the management of TBI. Further refinement of the equipment available for the delivery of selective cranial cooling will be needed before any definite conclusions regarding the efficacy of discrete cerebral hypothermia can be reached.
Extended intracranial applications for ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx): mycotic and dissecting aneurysms
Authors: La Barge Donald V. , Ng Perry P. , Stevens Edwin A. , Friedline Nathan K. , Kestle John R. , Schmidt Richard H. 
Published: February 2009

The authors describe the off-label use of Onyx for embolization of fusiform mycotic and dissecting intracranial aneurysms based on their experience with 3 patients treated at the University of Utah Hospital from 2006 through 2007.
Technical success in occluding the parent artery/aneurysm was achieved in all patients. There were no complications. The authors conclude that Onyx can be used to achieve occlusion of fusiform mycotic and dissecting intracranial aneurysms in conjunction with parent artery occlusion.
Computer Simulation of Coronary Flow Waveforms during Caval Occlusion
Authors: Neglia D. , Ferrari G. , Bernini F. , Micalizzi M. , L’Abbate A , Trivella M. G. , De Lazzari C. 
Published: February 2009

Summary
Objectives: Mathematical modeling of the cardiovascular system is a powerful tool to extract physiologically relevant information from multi-parametric experiments. The purpose of the present work was to reproduce by means of a computer simulator, systemic and coronary measurements obtained by in vivo experiments in the pig.
Methods: We monitored in anesthetized open-chest pig the phasic blood flow of the left descending coronary artery, aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure and volume. Data were acquired before, during, and after caval occlusion.Inside the software simulator (CARDIOSIM©) of the cardiovascular system, coronary circulation was modeled in three parallel branching sections. Both systemic and pulmonary circulations were simulated using a lumped parameter mathematical model. Variable elastance model reproduced Starling’s law of the heart.
Results: Different left ventricular pressure-volume loops during experimental caval occlusion and simulated cardiac loops are presented. The sequence of coronary flow-aortic pressure loops obtained in vivo during caval occlusion together with the simulated loops reproduced by the software simulator are reported. Finally experimental and simulated instantaneous coronary blood flow waveforms are shown.
Conclusions: The lumped parameter model of the coronary circulation, together with the cardiovascular system model, is capable of reproducing the changes during caval occlusion, with the profound shape deformation of the flow signal observed during the in vivo experiment. In perspectives, the results of the present model could offer new tool for studying the role of the different determinants of myocardial perfusion, by using the coronary loop shape as a “sensor” of ventricular mechanics in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Executive functions and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Bhatia T , Garg K , Pogue-Geile M , Nimgaonkar VL , Deshpande SN 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Cognitive impairment is said to be a core feature of schizophrenia. Executive function is an important cognitive domain.

Aim:
This study was undertaken to assess cognitive impairment among Indian patients with schizophrenia (Sz) or schizoaffective disorder (SzA), compared with their parents and unaffected individuals (controls).

Settings and Design:
Executive functions as measured by Trail-making Test (TMT), of patients and their parents were compared with controls. The patients were recruited from the Outpatients' Department (OPD) of a government hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Patients diagnosed as Sz or SzA (n=172) and their parents (n=196: families n=132, 119 fathers and 77 mothers) participated. We also included 120 persons with no history of psychiatric illness. Cognitive function was assessed with the TMT. The Information Score of the Post Graduate Institute Battery of Brain Dysfunction test, developed in India for Indian subjects was used as a proxy for general fixed knowledge.

Statistical Analysis:
Logistic and linear regression was used to compare cognitive deficits of cases, parents and controls.

Results:
Cases and their parents took significantly more time than controls on Part B of the TMT. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and parents on any of the TMT parameters. Using regression analysis, the most significant correlates of all TMT parameters among cases were with occurrence of auditory hallucinations and current age.

Conclusion:
Cases, as well as their parents showed more cognitive impairment than controls on the TMT.
Telmisartan in daily clinical practice
Authors: Bergovac M , Knežević A , Plavec D , Trkulja V 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Telmisartan provides effective treatment of hypertension in a broad spectrum of patients.

Aims:
To evaluate factors affecting the efficacy of telmisartan in daily clinical practice.

Setting and Design:
Prospective practice-based 12-week uncontrolled cohort study.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive incident/prevalent outpatients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were started on telmisartan 40 mg/day with optional up-titration to 80 mg/day in order to achieve seated systolic (SSBP) and diastolic (SDBP) blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. Intent-to-treat (ITT, N=282) and per protocol (PP, N=275) efficacy assessment was based on SSBP/SDBP reduction and delivered doses.

Results:
SSBP/SDBP decreased (165.2±13.1 / 98.3±6.7 mm Hg to 137.9±13.2 / 82.6±7.3 mm Hg), whilst telmisartan was up-titrated in 40.5% of patients during the study. Multivariate (practically identical ITT and PP) analysis indicated poorer response in obese vs. non-obese patients: lesser SDBP reduction (by around 2.2-2.3 mm Hg, P <0.05) with higher odds of dose up-titration (odds ratio, OR around 1.90, P <0.05); and better response in: a) patients started on telmisartan monotherapy than when added to a preexisting treatment: greater SSBP/SDBP reduction (by around 4.0 and 3.0 mm Hg, respectively, P <0.05) with comparable odds of up-titration; b) diabetics vs. non-diabetics: greater SDBP reduction (by around 3.6-3.7 mm Hg, P <0.05) with comparable odds of up-titration; c) men vs. women: slightly greater SDBP reduction (by around 1.2 mm Hg, 0.05P <0.1) with lower odds of up-titration (OR around 0.51, P <0.05).

Conclusion:
Previous unsuccessful treatment, obesity, diabetes and gender should be considered in order to optimize the use of telmisartan for mild to moderate essential hypertension in daily clinical practice.
Detection rate of prostate cancer using prostate specific antigen in patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Chavan PR , Chavan SV , Chavan NR , Trivedi VD 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Need for undertaking prostate biopsies for detection of prostate cancer is often decided on the basis of serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Aim:
To evaluate the case detection rate of prostate cancer among patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on the basis of PSA levels and to assess the scope of prostate biopsy in these patients.

Setting and Design:
A retrospective study from a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
The clinical and histopathological data of 922 patients presenting with LUTS in the last five years was obtained from the medical record section. They had been screened for prostate cancer using PSA and /or digital rectal examination examination followed by confirmation with prostate biopsy.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Detection rate and receiver operating characteristic curve were performed using SPSS 16 and Medcalc softwares.

Results:
The detection rate of prostate cancer according to the PSA levels was 0.6%, 2.3%, 2.5%, 34.1% and 54.9% in the PSA range of 0-4, 4-10, 10-20, 20-50 and <50 ng/ml, respectively. Maximum prostate cancer cases were detected beyond a PSA value of 20 ng/ml whereas no significant difference in the detection rate was observed in the PSA range of 0-4, 4-10 and 10-20 ng/ml.

Conclusion:
A low detection rate of prostate cancer observed in the PSA range of 4-20 ng/ml in LUTS patients indicates the need for use of higher cutoff values of PSA in such cases. Therefore we recommend a cutoff of 20 ng/ml of PSA for evaluation of detection rate of prostate cancer among patients presenting with LUTS.
An autopsy study of maternal mortality
Authors: Panchabhai TS , Patil PD , Shah DR , Joshi AS 
Published: February 2009

Background:
An audit of autopsies of maternal deaths is important for the establishment of accurate cause of maternal deaths and to determine the contribution of various etiologies responsible in a given community.

Aim:
To study the causes of maternal deaths as determined by a pathological autopsy.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective study of all the cases of maternal deaths that underwent a pathological autopsy in a tertiary healthcare center from January 1998 to December 2006.

Materials and Methods:
The autopsy records with clinical notes were retrieved; gross and histopathology specimens and slides were studied to establish the accurate cause of maternal deaths. The variables like age (years), stay in the hospital, gravidity, trimester of pregnancy and method of delivery were used to classify and analyze the data from the autopsies. The causes of maternal deaths were divided in to direct and indirect; each being classified into subgroups based on the most evident pathology on autopsy.

Results:
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) over a nine-year period (1998-2006) was 827/100000 live births (471 maternal deaths against 56944 live births). An autopsy was performed in 277 cases (58.8%). In the autopsy group, the most common causes of maternal mortality were pre-ecclampsia/ecclampsia (40 of 277, 14.44%) and hemorrhage (32 of 277; 11.55%); However, indirect causes like infectious diseases (27 of 277; 9.75%) and cardiac (27 of 277; 9.75%) disease also contributed to maternal deaths.

Conclusion:
Indirect causes like rheumatic heart disease and infections like tuberculosis, malaria or leptospirosis and nutritional anemia are still major causes of maternal mortality in developing countries like India. Intensive efforts need to be taken in these areas to reduce the maternal mortality in developing countries like India.
Comparison of internal sphincterotomy with topical diltiazem for post-hemorrhoidectomy pain relief
Authors: Chauhan A , Tiwari S , Mishra VK , Bhatia PK 
Published: February 2009

Aim:
To assess the efficacy of internal sphincterotomy compared with application of topical 2% Diltiazem ointment after hemorrhoidectomy for pain relief.

Settings and Design:
Prospective randomized study.

Materials and Methods:
In an 18-month period, 108 subjects with uncomplicated Grade 3/ 4 hemorrhoids were enrolled in the study and were randomized into two equal groups: Subjects in Group A underwent internal sphincterotomy at time of primary surgery while those in Group B received 1 g of 2% Diltiazem ointment locally, thrice daily for seven days. Postoperative pain perception was measured using visual analog score (VAS) and on the basis of number of analgesic tablets (Tab tramadol 50 mg) required in each group. Time to discharge, time to return to work and incidence of complications measured and compared.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical techniques applied were Student T test, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test.

Results:
There were 102 analyzable subjects (Group A: 50 and Group B: 52). The mean VAS score was significantly less in the internal sphincterotomy group from the fourth postoperative day onwards compared to topical Diltiazem (2.23 vs. 3.72; P =0.031). Similarly, the mean requirement of analgesic tablets [10.54 vs. 15.40; P =0.01] was much lower in Group A. There was no significant difference in terms of time to discharge and time to return to work between the two groups. The incidence of complications was more with the internal sphincterotomy group (11.5% vs. 3 %; P =0.488).

Conclusions:
In patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy, addition of surgical internal sphincterotomy results in lesser pain in the postoperative period as compared to those receiving topical application of Diltiazem.
What does doodling do?
Authors: Andrade Jackie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDoodling is a way of passing the time when bored by a lecture or telephone call. Does it improve or hinder attention to the primary task? To answer this question, 40 participants monitored a monotonous mock telephone message for the names of people coming to a party. Half of the group was randomly assigned to a ‘doodling’ condition where they shaded printed shapes while listening to the telephone call. The doodling group performed better on the monitoring task and recalled 29% more information on a surprise memory test. Unlike many dual task situations, doodling while working can be beneficial. Future research could test whether doodling aids cognitive performance by reducing daydreaming. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Materials Fabricated by Micro‐ and Nanoparticle Assembly – The Challenging Path from Science to Engineering
Authors: Velev Orlin D. , Gupta Shalini 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe classify the strategies for colloidal assembly and review the diverse potential applications of micro‐ and nanoparticle structures in materials and device prototypes. The useful properties of the particle assemblies, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, periodicity at mesoscale, large packing density, and long‐range ordering, can be harnessed in optical, electronic, and biosensing devices. We discuss the present and future trends in the colloidal‐ assembly field, focusing on the challenges of developing fabrication procedures that are rapid and efficiently controlled. We speculate on how the issues of scalability, control, and precision could be addressed, and how the functionality of the assemblies can be increased to better match the needs of technology.
Molecular (SNP) analyses of overlapping hemizygous deletions of 10q25.3 to 10qter in four patients: Evidence for HMX2 and HMX3 as candidate genes in hearing and vestibular function
Authors: Miller Nathaniel D. , Nance Melonie A. , Wohler Elizabeth S. , Hoover‐Fong Julie E. , Lisi Emily , Thomas George H. , Pevsner Jonathan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe report on the analyses of four unrelated patients with de novo, overlapping, hemizygous deletions of the long arm of chromosome 10. These include two small terminal deletions (10q26.2 to 10qter), a larger terminal deletion (10q26.12 to 10qter), and an interstitial deletion (10q25.3q26.13). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies (Illumina 550 K) established that these deletions resulted in the hemizygous loss of ∼6.1, ∼6.1, ∼12.5, and ∼7.0 Mb respectively. Additionally, these data establish that Patients 1, 2, and 3 share common, distal, hemizygous deleted regions of 6.09 Mb containing 37 RefSeq genes. Patients 3 and 4 share a 2.52 Mb deleted region corresponding to the proximal deleted region of Patient 3 and the distal deleted region of Patient 4. This common, hemizygous region contains 20 RefSeq genes including two H6 family homeobox genes (HMX2 and HMX3). Based on previous reports that Hmx2/Hmx3 knockout mice have vestibular anomalies, we propose that hemizygous deletions of HMX2 and HMX3 are responsible for the inner ear malformations observed from CT images, vestibular dysfunction, and congenital sensorineural hearing loss found in Patients 3 and 4. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Sporolide B
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Tang Yefeng , Wang Jianhua 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAus dem Meer gefischt: Die erste Totalsynthese des hoch oxygenierten marinen Naturstoffs Sporolid B gelang mithilfe einer konvergenten Strategie. Als Schlüsselschritte sind eine rutheniumkatalysierte [2+2+2]‐Cycloaddition, die das Indensystem aufbaut, und eine thermische Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion beim Ringschluss zum Makrocyclus hervorzuheben (siehe Schema).magnified image
Effects of 2.5‐hour sumo training on serum opsonic activity
Authors: Kojima Arata , Umeda Takashi , Saito Kazuo , Ookubo Yoshikazu , Sato Junya , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Matsuzaka Masashi , Yaegaki Makoto , Ohnishi Motoki , Miyazawa Maki , Takahashi Ippei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSumo is a traditional Japanese sport, but the effect of actual daily training on neutrophil function is unknown. We evaluated the effect of sumo training on serum opsonic activity (SOA), which is one of the main neutrophil‐related functions. Seventeen male university sumo wrestlers participated in the study. Changes in anthropometric parameters, concentrations of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), complements (C3 and C4), myogenic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase), white blood cell/neutrophil counts and SOA were measured immediately before and after actual daily training for 2.5 h. Compared with the pre‐values, immunoglobulins and complements, myogenic enzymes and white blood cell/neutrophil counts significantly increased (p <0.01 for all). As for SOA, the values of the peak height and the area under the curve significantly increased after the training when assessed using lucigenin as a chemiluminigenic probe (p <0.01 for all), but showed no significant change when luminol was used as the chemiluminigenic probe. In conclusion, daily actual sumo training for 2.5 h increases SOA, thus possibly activating the reactive oxygen species production of neutrophils. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.