bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JKT‐1 is not a human seminoma cell line
Authors: Jong Jeroen de , Stoop Hans , Gillis Ad J. M. , Gurp Ruud J. H. L. M. van , Drunen Ellen van , Beverloo H. Berna , Lau Yun‐Fai Chris , Schneider Dominik T. , Sherlock Jon K. , Baeten John , Hatakeyama Shingo , Ohyama Chikara , Oosterhuis J. Wolter , Looijenga Leendert H. J. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe JKT‐1 cell line has been used in multiple independent studies as a representative model of human testicular seminoma. However, no cell line for this specific tumour type has been independently confirmed previously; and therefore, the seminomatous origin of JKT‐1 must be proven. The genetic constitution of the JKT‐1 cells was determined using flow cytometry and spectral karyotyping, as well as array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Marker profiling, predominantly based on differentially expressed proteins during normal germ cell development, was performed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Moreover, genome wide affymetrix mRNA expression and profiling of 157 microRNAs was performed, and the status of genomic imprinting was determined. A germ cell origin of the JKT‐1 cells was in line with genomic imprinting status and marker profile (including positive staining for several cancer‐testis antigens). However, the supposed primary tumour, from which the cell line was derived, being indeed a classical seminoma, was molecularly proven not to be the origin of the cell line. The characteristic chromosomal anomalies of seminoma, e.g. gain of the short arm of chromosome 12, as well as the informative marker profile (positive staining for OCT3/4, NANOG, among others) were absent in the various JKT‐1 cell lines investigated, irrespective of where the cells were cultured. All results indicate that the JKT‐1 cell line is not representative of human seminoma. Although it can originate from an early germ cell, a non‐germ cell derivation cannot be excluded.
Environmental, occupational and familial risks for testicular cancer: a hospital‐based case‐control study
Authors: Walschaerts Marie , Muller Audrey , Auger Jacques , Bujan Louis , Guérin Jean‐François , Lannou Dominique Le , Clavert André , Spira Alfred , Jouannet Pierre , Thonneau Patrick 
Published: August 2007

SummaryTesticular cancer (TC) risk factors remain largely unknown, except for personal history of cryptorchidism and familial history of TC. We conducted a hospital‐based case‐control study on familial, environmental and occupational conditions in which we compared 229 cases and 800 controls. TC was correlated with cryptorchidism (OR = 3.02; CI: 1.90–4.79), a history of cryptorchidism in relatives (OR = 2.85; CI: 1.70–4.79), and TC (OR = 9.58; CI: 4.01–22.88], prostate cancer (OR = 1.80; CI: 1.08–3.02) and breast cancer (OR = 1.77; CI: 1.20–2.60) in relatives. Living in a rural area or having regular gardening activity (growing fruit or vegetables) was associated with an increased risk of TC (OR = 1.63; CI: 1.16–2.29; OR = 1.84; CI: 1.23–2.75). Regarding occupation, we found a relationship with employment in metal trimming (OR = 1.96; CI: 1.00–3.86), chemical manufacture (OR = 1.88; CI: 1.14–3.10), industrial production of glue (OR = 2.21; CI: 1.15–4.25), and welding (OR = 2.84; CI: 1.51–5.35). In a multivariate model, only a history of cryptorchidism in the men, cryptorchidism in relatives, TC, and breast cancer remained significant. Our findings contribute further evidence to a pattern of TC risk factors, which include the significant weight of personal reproductive history and also of testicular and breast cancer in relatives. By including in a multivariate model variables linked to environmental and occupational exposure and related to familial cancer history, neither living in a rural area nor any occupational exposure appeared to be a potential environmental TC risk factor.
Tendon matrix composition and turnover in relation to functional requirements
Authors: Birch Helen L. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryTendons are dense regular connective tissue structures that are defined based on their anatomical position of connecting muscle to bone. Despite these obvious commons features tendons from different locations within the body show remarkable variation in terms of their morphological, molecular and mechanical properties which relates to their specialized function. An appreciation of these differences is necessary to understand all aspects of tendon biology in health and disease. In our work, we have used a combination of mechanical assessment, histological measurements and molecular analysis of matrix in functionally distinct tendons to determine relationships between function and structure. We have found significant differences in material and molecular properties between spring‐like tendons that are subjected to high strains during locomotion and positional tendons which are subjected to much lower strains. Furthermore, we have data to suggest that not only is the matrix composition different but also the ability of cells to synthesize and degrade the matrix (matrix turnover) varies between tendon types. We propose that these differences relate to the magnitude of strain that the tendon experiences during normal activities in life. Tendon cells may be preprogrammed during embryological development for the strain they will encounter in life or may simply respond to the particular strain environment they are subjected to. The elucidation of controlling mechanisms resulting in tendon cell specialization will have important consequences for cell based therapies and engineering strategies to repair damaged tendons.
Epidemiology and prevention of head injuries: literature review
Authors: Abelson‐Mitchell Nadine 
Published: August 2007

Aim and objectives.  To identify evidence‐based reports on the epidemiology of head injuries to develop guidelines for primary prevention activities by public health nurses.Background.  Head injury is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, disability and lost years of productive life in the population under 40–45 years of age. Prevention strategies such as legislation on car seat belts, drink driving and health and safety at work have led to reductions in its incidence. As well as the personal repercussions for those injured and their families, there are resource implications for healthcare provision. There is a potential role for public health nurses in reducing this burden.Methods.  A search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, BNI and CINAHL was carried out for the period 1990–2005 using the keywords: head injury, brain injury, traumatic brain injury, head trauma, incidence, prevalence, epidemiology and prevention of head injuries.Results.  Comparison of the data is difficult because of the use of different definitions of injury, criteria for severity, geographical bases and timeframes. Those at greatest risk seem to be young men and older people. The former are more implicated in traffic and work accidents and in physical violence, while older people are more susceptible to traffic accidents as pedestrians and to falls. The incidence in lower socio‐economic groups is greater.Conclusions.  The evidence‐base for the primary prevention of head injury is weak. Standardized definitions and classification systems need to be used in future epidemiological studies to permit comparisons across studies.Relevance to clinical practice.  There is a role for public health nurses in developing primary prevention campaigns in schools and local communities. Key target groups are young men and older people and campaigns need to tackle the particular issues relevant to these groups.
Putting practice into teaching: an exploratory study of nursing undergraduates’ interpersonal skills and the effects of using empirical data as a teaching and learning resource
Authors: Aled Jones 
Published: August 2007

Aim.  To understand student nurse–patient interaction better and to assess the effectiveness of a teaching and learning resource consisting of tapes and transcriptions of actual nurse–patient interaction.Design.  Applied conversation analysis and analysis of semi‐structured lecture evaluation forms.Background.  Little research discusses interpersonal skills (IPS) of student–nurses, even though policy initiatives and literature internationally promote patient‐centred communication as being an indicator of high‐quality healthcare. Literature also suggests that nursing education is often far removed from the realities which students experience during clinical practice.Methods.  Phase 1 of the study saw 10 student nurse–patient interactions audio recorded and transcribed and the data subjected to conversation analysis. Phase 2 saw tapes and transcripts of similar interactions used as a teaching resource with the same cohort of students (n = 48), student evaluations of the lecture were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed.Results.  Phase 1 demonstrated that, in variance to ‘best‐practice’ recommendations, student nurse–patient interactions were task‐centred and bureaucratically organized. In phase 2, after listening to and reading a transcript of similar interaction, students were able to identify the limitations of undertaking such an approach with patients, strongly suggesting that classroom‐based knowledge is not always easily transferred into clinical practice. This teaching approach was positively evaluated, with written evaluations emphasizing the effectiveness of bringing the realities of clinical practice into the classroom.Conclusion.  This study suggests that students have difficulty in transferring the principles of ‘good’ communication from the classroom into their own interactions with patients. Students’ written and spoken evaluations were reminiscent of the previous work performed in discussing the concept of a ‘hidden curriculum’ in professional training.Relevance to clinical practice.  The use of empirical data in the practice of IPS teaching is recommended as a means of closing the theory‐practice gap. Student nurses and mentors need to consider the effect of the hidden curriculum on their IPS.
The nursing home as a home: a field study of residents’ daily life in the common living rooms
Authors: Hauge Solveig , Kristin Heggen 
Published: August 2007

Aim.  This Norwegian‐based study investigates how and to what extent the idea of the nursing home as a home has been realized.Background.  For the last two decades, Norway, as other Western Country has had an explicit national policy that nursing homes should become more like homes. The research literature indicates that residents in nursing home seem to lack the opportunities to maintain a private sphere.Design.  A field study design was conducted.Methods.  Data were collected in 1999 in two long‐term units in a traditional nursing home by using participant observation and interviewing the residents. A phenomenological hermeneutic analysis strategy was used to get an impression of the residents’ everyday life.Results.  The residents spend most of their time in the common living room. The common living room has an ambiguous boundary between the public and private spheres, unlike the clear boundaries characterizing a home. The relationship among the residents is fragile, and the residents who can, withdraw from the common living room.Conclusions.  Despite having single rooms and more home‐like interior decoration, the residents in nursing home still have reduced opportunity to develop a private everyday lifestyle. The long‐term unit examined in this research had a forced relationship between the residents, and the residents with best health resources systematically withdraw from the common area to control both where and with whom they wish to spend their time.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study lays the foundation for rethinking daily routines in long‐term units in nursing homes. One way to realize the idea of the nursing home as a home could be to define the living room as a clear public area and to give the residents a chance to develop a more private lifestyle by alternating between their private rooms and a public common living room.
Relative validity and utility of a short food frequency questionnaire assessing the intake of legumes in Scottish women
Authors: Papadaki A. , Scott J. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  To validate a five‐item, semi‐quantitative, short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) designed to estimate daily legume consumption over a week, against results obtained from 7‐day food diaries (7‐day FD).Design  Participants completed a 7‐day FD and at the end of this period completed the SFFQ, to indicate the number of times they ate five legume‐containing dishes in the previous week and what size portion of each dish they consumed. Daily legume intake (g day−1) was calculated for both methods and participants were classified into tertiles of intake for each method.Subjects/setting  Fifty‐one healthy females aged 25–55 years, employed at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK between May 2003 and December 2004.Results  The two methods produced a similar mean intake of legumes [SFFQ: 14.8 (95% CI: 9.9–19.8) versus 7‐day FD: 14.9 (95% CI: 9.3–20.6) g day−1] and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.353 (P = 0.038). Exact agreement within tertiles and gross misclassification were 54.9% and 9.8% respectively. The weighted kappa statistic indicated fair agreement between the two methods (κ = 0.262).Conclusions  The SFFQ is an acceptable instrument for estimating legume consumption over a week and can be used to rank individuals according to the intake of this food group in similar nutrition intervention studies.
Plant dispersal, neighbourhood size and isolation by distance
Authors: EPPERSON BRYAN K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA theoretical relationship between isolation by distance or spatial genetic structure (SGS) and seed and pollen dispersal is tested using extensive spatial‐temporal simulations. Although for animals Wright's neighbourhood size has been ascertained also, where is the axial variance of distances between parents and offspring, and it was recently confirmed that when dispersal of females and males differ, the situation for plants had not been established. This article shows that for a very wide range of conditions, neighbourhood size defined by Crawford's formula fully determines SGS, even when dispersal variances of seed () and pollen () differ strongly. Further, self‐fertilization with rate s acts as zero‐distance pollen dispersal, and fully determines SGS, for most cases where there are both likely parameter values and substantial SGS. Moreover, for most cases, there is a loglinear relationship, I(1) = 0.587 – 0.117 ln(Ne), between SGS, as measured by I(1), Moran's coefficient for adjacent individuals, and Ne. However, there are several biologically significant exceptions, namely for very low or large Ne, SGS exceeds the loglinear values. There are also important exceptions to Crawford's formula. First, plants with low seed dispersal, high outcross pollen dispersal and high selfing rate show larger SGS than predicted. Second, in plants with very low (near zero) seed dispersal, selfing decreases SGS, opposite expectations. Finally, in some cases seed dispersal is more critical than pollen dispersal, in a manner inconsistent with Crawford's formula.
Perceived ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations: associations with cancer‐related perceptions and behaviours in a US population survey
Authors: Han Paul K. J. , Moser Richard P. , Klein William M. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground  Health information reaching the public today is often characterized by what decision theorists have termed ‘ambiguity’– i.e. uncertainty regarding the information’s reliability, credibility or adequacy. This is a critical problem, as growing research suggests that ambiguity has important effects–promoting pessimistic judgments about risks and potential outcomes of risk‐reducing behaviours, and lowering adoption of these behaviours. However, little is known about the public’s perceptions of ambiguity in the health information domain, the effects of these perceptions, and the factors that influence these effects.Objective  To examine associations between perceived ambiguity regarding cancer prevention recommendations and prevention‐related perceptions and behaviours, and to explore how these associations differ by cancer type.Study design and participants  Cross‐sectional analysis of data on 4070 adults participating in the 2005 US Health Information National Trends Survey.Main variables and outcome measures  We examined associations between perceived ambiguity about colon, skin and lung cancer prevention recommendations and two main outcome variables: (i) risk‐related cognitions (perceived cancer risk and preventability, cancer‐related worry) and (ii) risk‐modifying behaviours (colon cancer screening, sunscreen use and smoking abstinence).Results  Perceived ambiguity was inversely associated with perceptions of the preventability of all three cancers, and with cancer‐specific risk‐modifying behaviours including sigmoidoscopy–colonoscopy testing, sunscreen use and smoking abstinence. Relationships with cancer risk perceptions and worry varied across different cancer types.Conclusions  Perceived ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations has significant and predictable associations with cancer prevention‐related cognitions and behaviours, and some associations differ by cancer type. These findings have implications for future research and communication efforts.
Molecular epidemiology ofCandidaspecies isolated from clinical specimens of intensive care unit patients
Authors: Marol Serhat , Yücesoy Mine 
Published: August 2007

SummaryEpidemiological analysis of nosocomialCandidainfections has gained importance due to an increase in these infections during the recent years. This study investigated the prevalence of clinical infections ofCandidain anesthesiology intensive care unit patients, and ascertains the level of genetic diversity in theCandidaspecies. A total of 70Candidaisolates, consisting of 42Candida albicans, 16Candida glabrataand 12Candida tropicalisstrains isolated from various clinical sites of infection of anesthesiology intensive care unit patients, were analysed. The susceptibility of the isolates against amphotericin B and fluconazole was determined by microdilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27‐A2 standards. The strains were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐PCR using OPE‐03, OPE‐18, RP4‐2 and AP50‐1 primers. In the patients withCandidainfections, most isolates exhibited different RAPD patterns. Only threeC. albicanspairs isolated within a short time period had the same RAPD pattern. Most of theCandidainfections in the anesthesiology intensive care unit of our hospital seem to be caused by endogenous strains. Exogenous spread ofC. albicansinfections occurred less frequently.
The genetic epidemiology of tinea versicolor in China
Authors: He S.‐M. , Du W.‐D. , Yang S. , Zhou S.‐M. , Li W. , Wang J. , Xiao F.‐L. , Xu S.‐X. , Zhang X.‐J. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryTo study the clinical and epidemiological profile of Pityriasis versicolor (PV) and to determine the possible genetic model for PV in Chinese Han, we investigated 503 patients with PV who were recruited by a questionnaire method. Statistical analysis, heritability and complex segregation analysis were performed using epi info 6.0, spss 10.0, the Falconer method and the sage‐regtl programs. In the total 503 PV patients, the mean age of onset was 22.85 ± 10.36 years. For male and female patients, the peak ages of initial onset were both 20–29 years. A total of 106 (21.1%) patients were reported to have a positive family history of PV. The mean age of onset in males with positive family history was earlier than those with negative family history (t = 3.58, P < 0.01). Higher rate of recurrence and longer duration were seen in the patients with positive family history than those with negative family history. The heritability of PV in first‐, second‐ and third‐degree relatives was 48.13%, 40.11% and 27.20% respectively. Based on the REGTL results, the best model was a polygenic additive model for PV.
Study on the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) leaf extract on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and production of aflatoxin by it at different incubation times
Authors: Ghorbanian Mehdi , Razzaghi‐Abyaneh Mehdi , Allameh Abdolamir , Shams‐Ghahfarokhi Masoomeh , Qorbani Mahdi 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAflatoxins are secondary metabolites that are produced by toxigenic strains of some Aspergillus species on foods. Neem plant is a known inhibitor of aflatoxin production. We studied the effects of different concentrations of aqueous neem leaf extract on fungal growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 2999) at different incubation times. The toxigenic fungus was cultured on sucrose low salts medium in the presence of various concentrations of extracts (0.2, 0.8, 3.12, 12.5 and 50% v/v). After shaking incubation of cultures for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days at 28 °C, the fungal mycelia was collected and processed for determination of dry weight. Mycelia and culture media were assayed by TLC method to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The extracts did not have any obvious effect on fungal growth. AFB1 production in the control samples increased to the maximum level on the 8th day. The inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis by plant extracts was found to be time‐ and dose‐dependent. The maximum inhibitory effect was 80–90% in the presence of 50% concentration that when compared with control samples was significant (P < 0.05). AFB1 secretion/production ratio in all of control and treated samples, other than 2nd day, approximately stayed and neem had no effect on it.
Distinct distribution pattern of abundance and diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the global ocean
Authors: Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Yao , Zeng Yonghui , Hong Ning , Liu Rulong , Chen Feng , Wang Pinxian 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are an important bacterial group with capability of harvesting light energy, and appear to have a particular role in the ocean's carbon cycling. Yet the significance of AAPB relative to total bacteria (AAPB%) in different marine regimes are still controversial, and variation trend of genetic diversity of AAPB along environmental gradients remains unclear. Here we present the first comprehensive observation of the global distribution of AAPB in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, revealing a general pattern of high abundance of AAPB and AAPB% in coastal waters than oceanic waters. The Indian Ocean contained relatively high AAPB% compared with the other two oceans, corresponding to the high primary production in this region. Both abundance of AAPB and AAPB% were positively correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll a, while the diversity of AAPB decreased with increasing chlorophyll a values. Our results suggest that AAPB abundance and diversity follow opposite trends from oligotrophic to eutrophic regimes in the ocean.