bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Shear Stress Component to the Modulation of Capillary Hydraulic Conductivity (Lp)
Authors: Williams Donna A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: Two major factors that determine transcapillary exchange are Starling forces and hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of capillary walls. Although chemical stimuli alter Lp, the influence of mechanical stimuli has been neglected. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the Lp of intact capillaries would increase with the magnitude of changes in shear stress presented to each capillary.Methods: Capillaries (n = 26) in the mesentery of pithed frogs (n = 23) were cannulated at 30 cm H2O (average in situ pressure = 9.2) to alter shear stress. For the calculation of shear stress, velocities of both frog red blood cells (RBC) and human RBC in the pipette solution were measured in each capillary before and after cannulation, respectively. Lp was assessed 2 min after cannulation.Results: Venular capillaries only responded to the changes in shear stress. The magnitude of the changes in shear stress correlated positively with the values for capillary Lp (Kendall's tau = 0.56; p = 0.02).Conclusions: While Starling forces influence the movement of fluid by acting perpendicular to the long axis of capillaries, shear stress acts in a plane tangential to the capillary walls and appears to alter capillary Lp. In addition to chemical stimuli, the mechanical stimulation of capillaries can alter the barrier itself and consequently alter filtration rate.
A Review of the Microcirculation of Adipose Tissue: Anatomic, Metabolic, and Angiogenic Perspectives
Authors: Crandall David L. , Hausman Gary J. , Kral John G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAdipose tissue microcirculation is unique within the vascular system because of a capacity for this tissue to grow throughout most of adult life. A review of the microcirculation of adipose tissue has included a historical review of the early studies, which served as a foundation for later investigations on this topic, including basic hemodynamic measurements in mammalian adipose tissue. The various methods for measuring blood flow in white and brown adipose tissue are discussed with respect to studies of transport of substrates involved in adipose tissue metabolism. The role of innervation and vascular adrenergic receptors and the effects of diet and exercise on adipose tissue blood flow are also included. An in‐depth analysis of the development of adipose tissue microvasculature indicates that angiogenesis often precedes adipogenesis. The clinical effects of hemodynamic adaptations to adipose tissue expansion are discussed in view of an epidemic increase in the prevalence of obesity and its co‐morbidities. The recent discovery of sites of nuclear regulation of adipocyte differentiation, together with the identification of growth factors in adipose tissue, is an indication of the progress that is being made in the further understanding of molecular and cellular events that affect adipose tissue growth and, ultimately, adipose tissue microcirculation.
E‐Selectin Is Upregulated in Proliferating Endothelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Bischoff Joyce , Brasel Christopher , Kräling Birgit , Vranovska Katerina 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: E‐selectin is an endothelial cell‐specific membrane glycoprotein that participates in leukocyte adhesion and has also been suggested to function in angiogenesis. To gain further insights into E‐selectin, we analyzed E‐selectin polypeptide in proliferating versus quiescent bovine capillary endothelial cells and its expression as a function of the cell cycle.Methods: E‐selectin polypeptide was analyzed by immunoadsorption from 35Scysteine—labeled endothelial cells, by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. The distribution of endothelial cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle was determined using propidium iodide staining of DNA.Results: E‐selectin was upregulated in subconfluent proliferating bovine capillars endothelial cells compared to confluent quiescent cultures. The upregulation was independent of activation in that E‐selectin was further increased by treatment with tumor necrosis factor α or lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to E‐selectin, P‐selectin and platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 did not appear to be regulated by the growth state of the endothelial cells. The distribution of E‐selectin‐positive cells in G0G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle differed from E‐selectin‐negative cells in that more of the E‐selectin‐positive cells were in G2 and M.Conclusions: Increased E‐selectin expression under noninflammatory conditions is correlated with cellular proliferation and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. The expression of E‐selectin in proliferating endothelial cells in vitro is consistent with the presence of E‐selectin in proliferating endothelial cells in vivo (Kräling et al. [18]).
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Released from the Bone Marrow Preferentially Sequester in Lung Microvessels
Authors: Van Eeden Stephan F. , Kitagawa Yuko , Klut Maria E. , Lawrence Elizabeth , Hogg James C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: A hallmark of the systemic response to an inflammatory stimulus is the release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from the bone marrow. This study was designed to measure the release of PMNs from the bone marrow and to determine their sequestration in the lung after an intravenous injection of either endotoxin (n = 5) or saline (n = 5).Methods and Results: The thymidine analogue 5′‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to pulse label dividing PMNs in the bone marrow of rabbits (n = 13), and immunohistochemistry and morphometry were used to detect the release of BrdU‐labeled PMNs into the circulation and to determine their sequestration in the lung. Endotoxin treatment caused a drop in the circulating PMN counts (3.3 ± 0.08 at baseline to 0.12 ± 0.02 × 109/L at 1 hour after endotoxin), which was followed by a neutrophilia at 8 hours (6.3 ± 1.1 × 109/L, p < 0.01), an increase in circulating band cells (0.12 ± 0.01 at baseline to 2.18 ± 0.4 × 19/L at 8 hours, p < 0.001), and an increase in the percentage of BrdU‐labeled PMNs (0.01% ± 0.004% at baseline to 26.1% ± 3.2% at 8 hours, p < 0.001). Endotoxemia caused an arteriovenous difference in BrdU‐labeled PMNs across the lung (35.9% ± 2.9% versus 26.1% ± 3.1%, mixed venous versus arterial, p < 0.02). Morphometric studies showed that endotoxin caused sequestration of PMNs in the lung (2.2 ± 0.4 versus 1.0 ± 0.2 × 1010, endotoxin versus saline, p < 0.03) with preferential retention of BrdU‐labeled PMNs (0.79 ± 0.21 versus 0.039 ± 0.016 × 1010, endotoxin versus saline, p < 0.05). The percentage of BrdU‐labeled PMNs in the alveolocapillary walls was higher than in circulating blood (64.01% ± 4.3% versus 26.1% ± 3.2%, p < 0.01) in the endotoxin group. In vitro filtration of cells through 5‐mm pore size filters showed that circulating BrdU‐labeled PMNs, 8 hours after endotoxin, were preferentially retained in the filters (p < 0.01).Conclusions: We conclude that endotoxemia stimulates the bone marrow to release mature and immature PMNs. Compared to PMNs released from the bone marrow during normal turnover, these PMNs are less deformable and preferentially sequester in the lung microvessels.
Estimated Functional Diameter of Alveolar Septal Microvessels at the Zone I‐II Border
Authors: Conhai Robert L. , Rodenkirch Lance A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To measure the functional diameter of alveolar septal microvessels under conditions in which the pulmonary arterial pressure and the lung inflation pressure are equal, at 25 cm H2O (zone I‐II border), and to compare these results with those obtained when inflation pressure exceeded arterial pressure by 5 or 10 cm H2O (zone I).Methods: We perfused isolated rat lungs (PA 25, PPA 25, PLA 0 cm H2O) with fluorescent latex particles of specific diameters (0.49, 1.05, 2.0, 4.0, or 10 μm) and then prepared samples for histology. Using a confocal, laser‐scanning fluorescence microscope, we measured latex particle densities within the septal plane of individual alveoli. We compared these particle densities with those in arterioles supplying the septa and calculated the density ratio. We fit curves produced by the Verniory equation to these ratios to estimate the septal microvessel functional diameter.Results: Particle densities in septa ranged from 0.06 ± 0.02 particles per μm2 ‘for 0.49‐μm‐diameter particles to 0.007 ± 0.004 particles per μm2 for 4.0‐μm‐diameter particles. The 10‐μm particles did not enter septa. Calculations based on these data suggest a septal microvessel functional diameter of 6–8 μm.Conclusions: In a previous study, conducted at the same value of Pinflat, but with PPA set at 15 or 20 (5 or 10 cm H2O into zone I), we estimated the capillary diameter to be 1.7 μm. Thus, the septal capillary diameter seems to increase by three‐ to fourfold as PPA is raised to equal Pinflat.
Spatial patterns in species‐rich sclerophyll shrublands of southwestern Australia
Authors: Perry G.L.W. , Enright N.J. , Miller B.P. , Lamont B.B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQuestion:The drivers of spatial patterning among plant species and the implications of those patterns for the structure and function of plant communities are of ongoing interest and debate. Here we explore the spatial patterning shown by individual species in species‐rich plant communities. We (1) compare the levels of aggregation in these communities to those observed in other species‐rich communities, in particular tropical rain forests, and (2) consider how abiotic conditions might influence the levels of aggregation observed.Location:We describe the spatial structure of four species‐rich Mediterranean‐type shrubland communities near Eneabba, Western Australia. The four sites each contain > 10 000 plants and up to 113 species, and differ in substrate‐type, species richness and composition.Methods:We analysed the spatial patterning of all species with more than 20 individuals (233 species patterns), and used point process models for aggregated patterns to separate first‐order gradient effects from second‐order clustering.Results:Aggregated distributions were most common at all sites, but especially at the site with the highest resource availability and heterogeneity and lowest species richness. A Poisson cluster process best described the majority of aggregated species, suggesting that local interactions drive fine‐scale patterns in these communities.Conclusions:As with many previous studies, we found that most species showed strong local aggregation. The proportion of species showing aggregation was less than has been described in species‐rich tropical rainforests but was higher than observed in many temperate plant communities. The highest proportion of aggregated species was seen at the most resource‐abundant site; this is in direct contrast to conceptual models that suggest that competition should be weakest, and aggregation most prevalent, in the most resource‐limited sites.
Evaluation of aseptic loosening of knee prostheses by quantitative bone scintigraphy
Authors: Steiner D. , Laurich S. , Bauer R. , Kordelle J. , Klett R. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIn not infected knee prostheses bone scintigraphy is a possible method to diagnose mechanical loosening, and therefore, to affect treatment regimes in symptomatic patients. However, hitherto studies showed controversial results for the reliability of bone scintigraphy in diagnosing loosened knee prostheses by using asymptomatic control groups. Therefore, the aim of our study was to optimize the interpretation procedure and to evaluate the accuracy using results from revision surgery as standard. Methods: Retrospectively, we were able to examine the tibial component in 31 cemented prostheses. In this prostheses infection was excluded by histological or bacteriological examination during revision surgery. To quantify bone scintigraphy, we used medial and lateral tibial regions with a reference region from the contralateral femur. Results: To differentiate between loosened and intact prostheses we found a threshold of 5.0 for the maximum tibia to femur ratio of the both tibial regions and a threshold of 18% for the difference of the ratio of both tibial regions. Using these thresholds, values of 0.9, 1, 0.85, 1, and 0.94 were calculated for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy, respectively. To get a sensitivity of 1, we found a lower threshold of 3.3 for the maximum tibia to femur ratio. Conclusion: Quantitative bone scintigraphy appears to be a reliable diagnostic tool for aseptic loosening of knee prostheses with thresholds evaluated by revision surgery results being the golden standard.
Radiation exposure of the staff at the therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine department
Authors: Dolezal J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryAim: To assess a radiation exposure and the quality of radiation protection concerning a nuclear medicine staff at our department as a six-year retrospective study. Therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I, 153Sm, 186Re, 32P, 90Y and diagnostic ones as a 99mTc, 201Tl, 67Ga, 111In were used. Material, method: The effective dose was evaluated in the period of 2001–2006 for nuclear medicine physicians (n = 5), technologists (n = 9) and radiopharmacists (n = 2). A personnel film dosimeter and thermoluminescent ring dosimeter for measuring (1-month periods) the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0,07) were used by nuclear medicine workers. The wearing of dosimeters was obligatory within the framework of a nationwide service for personal dosimetry. The total administered activity of all radionuclides during these six years at our department was 17,779 GBq (99mTc 14 708 GBq, 131I 2490 GBq, others 581 GBq). The administered activity of 99mTc was similar, but the administered activity of 131I in 2006 increased by 200%, as compared with the year 2001. Results: The mean and one standard deviation (SD) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for nuclear medicine physicians was 1.9 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.8, 1.3 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.4 and for nuclear medicine technologists was 1.9 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 1.4, 1.0 ± 1.0, 1.1 ± 1.2, 0.9 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.2 in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mean (n = 2, estimate of SD makes little sense) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for radiopharmacists was 3.2, 1.8, 0.6, 1.3, 0.6 and 0.3. Although the administered activity of 131I increased, the mean personal effective dose per year decreased during the six years. Conclusion: In all three professional groups of nuclear medicine workers a decreasing radiation exposure was found, although the administered activity of 131I increased during this six-year period. Our observations suggest successful radiation protection measures at our department.
Pharmacological analysis of inhomogeneous static magnetic field‐induced antinociceptive action in the mouse
Authors: Gyires Klára , Zádori Zoltán S. , Rácz Bernadette , László János 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of inhomogeneous, 2–754 mT static magnetic field (SMF) on visceral pain elicited by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acid (writhing test) was studied in the mouse. Exposure of mice to static magnetic field (permanent NdFeB N50 grade 10 mm × 10 mm cylindrical magnets with alternating poles) during the nociceptive stimulus (0–30 min) resulted in inhibition of pain reaction: the number of writhings decreased from 9 ± 2, 32 ± 4 and 30 ± 3 to 2 ± 0.03, 15 ± 1.6, and 14 ± 1.6, respectively, measured in 0–5th, 6–20th, and 21–30th min following the acetic acid challenge. The pain reaction during the total observation period was reduced by 57% (P < 0.005). The analgesic action induced by SMF was inhibited by subcutaneous administration of naloxone (1 and 0.2 mg kg−1), irreversible µ‐opioid receptor antagonist β‐funaltrexamine (20 mg kg−1) and δ‐opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (0.5 mg kg−1), but the κ‐opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (20 mg kg−1) failed to affect the SMF‐induced antinociception. In contrast to the subcutaneous administration, the intracerebroventricularly injected naloxone (10 µg mouse−1) did not antagonize the antinociceptive effect of SMF. The results suggest that acute exposure of mice to static magnetic field results in an opioid‐mediated analgesic action in the writhing test in the mouse. The antinociceptive effect is likely to be mediated by µ and (to a lesser extent) δ‐opioid receptors. Bioelectromagnetics 29:456–462, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Chair and Twist Conformers of the P2Se82‐ Anion.
Authors: Rotter Christiane , Schuster Michael , Kidik Mustafa , Schoen Oliver , Klapoetke Thomas M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: KCd2[N(CN)2]5(H2O)4: An Enmeshed Honeycomb Grid.
Authors: Schlueter John A. , Geiser Urs , Funk Kylee A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Rare‐Earth Metal‐Rich Tellurides. Extension of Layered Sc6PdTe2‐Type Compounds to Yttrium and Lutetium Analogues and to Y7Te2, the Limiting Binary Member.
Authors: Castro‐Castro Laura M. , Chen Ling , Corbett John D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Photoluminescence of Ba2GdNbO6: Eu3+/Dy3+ Phosphors by Li+ Doping.
Authors: Yu C. C. , Liu X. M. , Yu M. , Lin C. K. , Li C. X. , Wang H. , Lin J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Anisotropy of the Magnetic Properties of CsYbZnSe3.
Authors: Chan George H. , Lee Changhoon , Dai Dadi , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Ibers James A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic and Vacancy Ordering in Carbide ζ‐Ta4C3‐x (0.28 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) and Phase Equilibria in the Ta—C System.
Authors: Gusev A. I. , Kurlov A. S. , Lipatnikov V. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the First Rare‐Earth Alkaline‐Earth Selenite Chlorides MNd10(SeO3)12Cl8 (M: Ca and Sr).
Authors: Berdonosov P. S. , Olenev A. V. , Dolgikh V. A. , Lightfoot P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Investigations of Sol—Gel Derived LiYF4 and LiGdF4 Powders.
Authors: Lepoutre S. , Boyer D. , Potdevin A. , Dubois M. , Briois V. , Mahiou R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Based Mixed Oxides from a Series of Titanium(IV) Citrate Complexes.
Authors: Deng Yuan‐Fu , Zhang Hua‐Lin , Hong Qi‐Ming , Weng Wei‐Zheng , Wan Hui‐Lin , Zhou Zhao‐Hui 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structural, Raman, and Luminescence Studies of Am[M(CN)2]3×3H2O and Nd[M(CN)2]3×3H2O (M: Ag, Au): Bimetallic Coordination Polymers Containing both Trans‐Plutonium and Transition Metal Elements.
Authors: Assefa Zerihun , Kalachnikova Katrina , Haire Richard G. , Sykora Richard E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Mono‐, Bi‐, and Tricyclic Carbon Frameworks via Organocatalytic Domino Reactions.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Huettl Matthias R. M. , Raabe Gerhard , Bats Jan W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐(S)‐Bisoxazoline and Zinc(II)‐(S)‐Bisoxazoline Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Zhu Yong‐Kuan , Liu Bo , You Jun , Wang Yan‐xia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Passerini Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wang Shi‐Xin , Wang Mei‐Xiang , Wang De‐Xian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.