bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis and simulation of a single‐phase voltage source UPS inverter with two‐stage cascade output filter
Authors: Faiz Jawad , Shahgholian Ghazanfar , Ehsan Mehdi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe primary role of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems is to produce sinusoidal output voltage with minimum total harmonic distortion (THD) and fast dynamic response. This paper investigates the performance of two‐stage cascade output filter for single‐phase voltage source UPS inverter and it is compared with an LC output filter. The simulation result shows harmonic reduction of output voltage of the inverter due to using multiple‐filter. Both THD of the low output voltage and good voltage utilization can be achieved by the proposed filter scheme. The THD of the output voltage in various load condition are all less than 4%. A good agreement between the simulation and experimental results is achieved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soilscape and land‐use evolution related to drift sand movements since the bronze age in Eastern Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Mikkelsen Jari Hinsch , Langohr Roger , Macphail Richard I. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractQuarry faces several kilometers long in the Glesborg area in Denmark show that Bronze Age farmers used a sustainable land‐use system. Despite nutrient‐poor soils, the Glesborg area was under a rotation system in which cropland alternated with grassland. Soil fertility was improved by the addition of household waste and probably also by locally obtained inorganic fertilizer. The soil surface was very stable, and local drift sand movement was limited. Toward the end of the Bronze Age, the landscape changed dramatically with the arrival of overwhelming amounts of drift sand, and farmsteads were abandoned. Subsequent land use on these poor fine sandy soils was no longer capable of maintaining a stable soil surface, and frequent erosion/sedimentation events of more local importance took place. The post‐Bronze Age landscape may have been mainly a shifting mosaic of heathland with some temporary arable fields and deflation/accumulation areas. This landscape persisted up to about 200 years ago, when afforestation programs started. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geoarchaeology of Tonga: Geotectonic and geomorphic controls
Authors: Dickinson William R. , Burley David V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAncient settlement patterns in central Tonga, at the southeastern limit of Lapita expansion into Remote Oceania ˜3 ka, were conditioned by island geomorphology as controlled by spatial geotectonic features and temporal changes in relative sea level on island coasts. Volcanic islands provided lithic resources, but human populations were concentrated on nonvolcanic forearc islands underlain by limestone covered by airfall tephra blankets that weathered to form rich agricultural soils and eroded to provide terrigenous sand for ceramic temper. The forearc islands lie along the Tonga platform, a linear tract of shoals uplifted diachronously by subduction of the buoyant Louisville Ridge at the Tonga Trench. Multiple transverse structural discontinuities break the forearc into discrete structural blocks, some tectonically stable during late Holocene time but others undergoing postuplift subsidence. Understanding the paleoenvironmental settings of Tongan archaeological sites requires reconstructing the contrasting geologic histories of different forearc island clusters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The G51S purine nucleoside phosphorylase polymorphism is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Tumini Emanuela , Porcellini Elisa , Chiappelli Martina , Conti Chiara M. , Beraudi Alina , Poli Alessandro , Caciagli Francesco , Doyle Robert , Conti Pio , Licastro Federico 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic and multifactorial complex disease, whose etiopathology is still unclear, however several genetic factors have shown to increase the risk of developing the disease. Purine nucleotides and nucleosides play an important role in the brain. Besides their role in neurotransmission and neuromodulation, they are involved in trophic factor release, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. These mediators may also have a pivotal role in the control of neurodegenerative processes associated with AD. In this report the distribution of the exonic G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution serine to glycine at position 51 (G51S), was investigated in a large population of AD patients (n = 321) and non‐demented control (n = 208). The PNP polymorphism distribution was not different between patients and controls. The polymorphism distribution was also analyzed in AD patients stratified according to differential progressive rate of cognitive decline during a 2‐year follow‐up. An increased representation of the PNP AA genotype was observed in AD patients with fast cognitive deterioration in comparison with that from patients with slow deterioration rate. Our findings suggest that the G51S PNP polymorphism is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in AD patients, highlighting the important role of purine metabolism in the progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new flow reactor for the treatment of polluted water with microwave and ultrasound
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Di Carlo Stefano , Curini Massimo , Tumiatti Vander , Roggero Carlo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMicrowave (MW) and high‐intensity ultrasound (US) provide innovative techniques for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). When Fenton's reagent is used to treat industrial wastes, organic pollutants are degraded by highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (HO·) that can oxidize almost any organic compound to carbon dioxide and water. These reactions, when carried out under US or MW, are faster and much more efficient. The present work assesses the combined effect of US and MW using a new flow reactor developed in our laboratory. In this 5 L pilot reactor the liquid was pumped in parallel through a modified domestic MW oven and through a cell where it was irradiated with two US generators working at 20 and 300 kHz, while MW irradiation took place in a modified domestic oven. We studied the degradation of 2,4‐dibromophenol (0.1 g L−1 in water) by Fenton's reagent, assessing the contribution of each energy source to the overall effect, and found that MW and US‐300 kHz played the main role. A modest amount of oxidant (6 mL 30% H2O2 per 1 L of polluted water) sufficed to achieve complete degradation within 6 h, at which time organic compounds were no longer detectable. Even if no Fenton's reagent was added, about one half of the pollutant was degraded after 3 h irradiation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalytic synthesis of 1,6‐dicarbamate hexane over MgO/ZrO2
Authors: Li Fang , Wang Yanji , Xue Wei , Zhao Xinqiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMgO/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared for the synthesis of 1,6‐dicarbamate hexane (HDC) using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1,6‐diamine hexane (HDA) as raw materials. When the catalyst is calcined at 600 °C and MgO load is 6 wt%, the catalyst exhibits better activity. When the concentration of catalyst is 2 g (100 mL)−1 DMC, n(HDA):n(DMC) = 1:10, reaction time is 6 h under reflux temperature, and the yield of 1,6‐dicarbamate hexane is 53.1%. HDC yield decreases from 53.1% to 35.3% after MgO/ZrO2 being used for three times. The decrease in specific surface area may be attributed to deactivation of MgO/ZrO2. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS and associated socioeconomic factors in Kenya
Authors: Adari Johnson Samuel , Moghadam Mashaallah Rahnama , Starnes Charles N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThere is a strong correlation between the life expectancy of the people living with HIV/AIDS and socioeconomic factors such as poverty, female literacy rate, government spending on health care, external grants, geographical location and HIV prevalence rate. The findings of this study indicate that poverty at household and/or regional levels reduces life expectancy of the people living with HIV/AIDS. HIV‐infected urban residents have a longer life span than their rural counterparts. Greater resource endowment improves the chances of extending the lives of the infected people. As expected, an increase in female literacy rate initially reduces HIV/AIDS‐related deaths. This could be a result of better skills and knowledge acquired by women who care for the sick. However, as female literacy rate increases, the mortality rate also increases as education changes the role of women in the society from homecare providers to labour force participants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A in human urine and blood serum by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Jung Julia , Kempf Juergen , Mahler Hellmut , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractΔ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9‐THCA‐A) is the precursor of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) in hemp plants. During smoking, the non‐psychoactive Δ9‐THCA‐A is converted to Δ9‐THC, the main psychoactive component of marihuana and hashish. Although the decarboxylation of Δ9‐THCA‐A to Δ9‐THC was assumed to be complete—which means that no Δ9‐THCA‐A should be detectable in urine and blood serum of cannabis consumers—we found Δ9‐THCA‐A in the urine and blood serum samples collected from police controls of drivers suspected for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). For LC‐MS/MS analysis, urine and blood serum samples were prepared by solid‐phase extraction. Analysis was performed with a phenylhexyl column using gradient elution with acetonitrile. For detection of Δ9‐THCA‐A, the mass spectrometer (MS) (SCIEX API 365 triple‐quadrupole MS with TurboIonSpray source) was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using the following transitions: m/z357 → 313, m/z357 → 245 and m/z357 → 191. Δ9‐THCA‐A could be detected in the urine and blood serum samples of several cannabis consumers in concentrations of up to 10.8 ng/ml in urine and 14.8 ng/ml in serum. The concentration of Δ9‐THCA‐A was below the Δ9‐THC concentration in most serum samples, resulting in molar ratios of Δ9‐THCA‐A/Δ9‐THC of approximately 5.0–18.6%. Only in one case, where a short elapsed time between the last intake and blood sampling is assumed, the molar ratio was 18.6% in the serum. This indicates differences in elimination kinetics, which need to be investigated in detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perioperative outcomes of cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for non‐appendiceal peritoneal carcinomatosis from a prospective database
Authors: Yan Tristan D. , Zappa Luis , Edwards Gary , Alderman Robert , Marquardt Christina E. , Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundCytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has expanded its application in the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal and ovarian malignancies. An accurate assessment of perioperative outcomes is crucial for integration of this combined procedure into clinical practice.MethodsA prospective study of 80 patients undergoing the combined treatment for non‐appendiceal peritoneal carcinomatosis was conducted. Forty‐seven adverse events by eight organ‐systems were rated from Grade I to IV with increasing severity.ResultsOne patient (1.3%) died postoperatively. Postoperative adverse events affected genitourinary system (38%), hematological system (31%), gastrointestinal system (25%), infection (20%), intravenous catheters status (15%), pulmonary system (14%), cardiovascular system (11%) and neurological system (4%). Thirty‐six patients (45%) experienced 49 Grade III adverse events. Six patients (8%) experienced eight Grade IV adverse events. More than four peritonectomy procedures (P = 0.010), and length of hospital stay of more than 21 days (P = 0.007) were strongly associated with Grade III and/or Grade IV morbidity.ConclusionThe morbidity and mortality rates after the combined treatment for non‐appendiceal peritoneal carcinomatosis were within the acceptable range of surgical treatments for other gastrointestinal cancers. A standardized prospective database is required for an accurate assessment of perioperative outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:102–112. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of soil salinity in semi‐arid land using a geostatistical model
Authors: Navarro‐Pedreño J. , Jordan M. M. , Meléndez‐Pastor I. , Gómez I. , Juan P. , Mateu J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSoil salinity is one of the great problems in arid and semi‐arid environments. The estimation and prediction of spatial soil salinity may be considered as a stochastic process, observed at irregular locations in space. Environmental variables usually show spatial dependence among observations which is an important drawback to traditional statistical methods. Geostatistical techniques that analyse and describe the spatial dependence and quantify the scale and intensity of the spatial variation, provides spatial information for local estimation of soil salinity. In this paper we propose a Gaussian Spatial Linear Mixed Model (GSLMM), which involves a non‐parametric term, accounting for a deterministic trend given by exogenous variables, and a parametric component defining the purely spatial random variation, possibly due to latent spatial processes. We focus here on the analysis of the relationship between soil electrical conductivity as a parameter related directly to soil salinity as well as sodium content (sodicity) to identify spatial variations in these parameters. This kind of methodology is demonstrated as a useful tool for environmental land management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic reprogramming of liver cells in tamoxifen‐induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Tryndyak Volodymyr P. , Kovalchuk Olga , Muskhelishvili Levan , Montgomery Beverly , Rodriguez‐Juarez Rocio , Melnyk Stepan , Ross Sharon A. , Beland Frederick A. , Pogribny Igor P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTamoxifen, a nonsteroidal anti‐estrogen, is a potent genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in rats, with both tumor initiating and promoting properties. Recently it has been demonstrated that genotoxic carcinogens, in addition to exerting genotoxic effects, often cause epigenetic alterations and these induced epigenetic changes may play important mechanistic role in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of tamoxifen‐induced epigenetic changes in hepatocarcinogenic process. The results of the study showed that exposure of female F344 rats to tamoxifen resulted in progressive loss of CpG methylation in regulatory sequences of long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE‐1) and prominent increase in expression of LINE‐1 elements and c‐myc proto‐oncogene. The accumulation of tamoxifen‐induced DNA lesions was accompanied by the decreased level of Rad51, Ku70, and DNA polymerase β (Polβ) proteins that play a crucial role in maintenance of genomic stability. Furthermore, feeding rats with tamoxifen‐containing diet led to increased regenerative cell proliferation, as indicated by the increased level of Ki‐67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins. These data indicate that exposure of animals to genotoxic hepatocarcinogen tamoxifen led to early phenotypical alterations in livers characterized by emergence of epigenetically reprogrammed cells with a specific cancer‐related epigenetic phenotype prior to tumor formation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HnRNP E2 is downregulated in human oral cancer cells and the overexpression of hnRNP E2 induces apoptosis
Authors: Roychoudhury Paromita , Paul Ranjan Rashmi , Chowdhury Rajdeep , Chaudhuri Keya 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHuman hnRNP genes have been reported to be involved in human malignancies and several hnRNPs are promising biomarkers of lung, head and neck, colon, breast, and pancreatic cancers. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic and biological significance of hnRNP E2 gene expression in oral cancer. Human hnRNP E2 was significantly downregulated in oral cancer tissues compared to normal one (P < 0.0001) as determined by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR. The expression of hnRNP E2 is correlated with histology, being lower in moderate and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to well‐differentiated SCC. Transient transfection of hnRNP E2 in cancerous cell lines resulted in reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic nuclei. Compared to control transfectants, cells with higher expression showed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells by annexin‐PI staining and an increase in caspase activity. The present study thus implicates downregulation of hnRNP E2 as a novel mechanism to enhance the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colorectal carcinoma development in inducible nitric oxide synthase‐deficient mice with dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Seril Darren N. , Liao Jie , Yang Guang‐Yu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may play an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC)‐associated carcinogenesis. In order to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in UC‐associated colorectal carcinogenesis, the development of colorectal carcinoma was studied using the DSS‐induced and iron‐enhanced model of chronic UC in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)‐deficient mice. Female wild‐type C57BL/6 (iNOS+/+) and iNOS−/− mice were administered 1% DSS (w/v) through the drinking fluid for 15 DSS cycles and fed twofold iron‐enriched diet. Colorectal inflammation and mucosal ulceration of moderate severity were observed in both iNOS+/+ and iNOS−/− mice. Similar tumor incidence and multiplicity in the colon were observed that 15 out of 23 (65.2%) iNOS+/+ mice developed colorectal tumors with a tumor multiplicity of 1.47 ± 0.17 (mean ± SE) after 15 DSS cycles, and 13 out of 19 (68.4%) iNOS−/− mice developed colorectal tumors with a tumor multiplicity of 2.08 ± 0.21. Histopathologically, the tumors were confirmed to be well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas. Nitrotyrosine, an indicator of peroxynitrite‐caused protein modification, was detectable by immunohistochemistry in inflammatory cells and epithelial cells of the colon in iNOS+/+ and iNOS−/− mice, and no difference in staining intensity was observed between the two groups. Immunostaining for endothelial NOS (eNOS) was observed in lamina propria macrophages and colonic blood vessels, and eNOS protein levels were increased in the inflamed colon. These results show that there is no difference in UC‐associated cancer development in iNOS+/+ and iNOS−/− mice, and suggest that in the absence of iNOS, other factors, such as eNOS, may play a role in nitrosative stress and UC‐associated carcinogenesis in this model system. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between Aurora‐A kinase polymorphisms and age of onset of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in a Caucasian population
Authors: Chen Jinyun , Sen Subrata , Amos Christopher I. , Wei Chongjuan , Jones J. Shawn , Lynch Patrick , Frazier Marsha L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAurora‐A kinase is considered a potential cancer susceptibility gene that encodes a centrosome‐associated, cell cycle‐regulated serine/threonine kinase. We studied two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the coding region of Aurora‐A, 91T‐to‐A (F31I) and 169G‐to‐A (V57I). We studied the influence of these two polymorphisms on age of onset of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Genotyping of the Aurora‐A polymorphisms was carried out on 125 Caucasian with mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations with real‐time pyrophosphate DNA sequencing. For the 91T‐to‐A polymorphism, we found that patients with HNPCC who were homozygous for the wild‐type allele developed colorectal cancer (CRC) 7 years earlier than patients who were homozygous or heterozygous for the mutant allele. The169G‐to‐A polymorphism did not have a significant influence on risk for HNPCC. However, when we did haplotype analysis for these two polymorphisms, the 91A‐169G haplotype was associated with protection from HNPCC at an earlier age. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the EGFR intron 1 CA repeat length with lung cancer risk
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Weissfeld Joel L. , Romkes Marjorie , Land Stephanie R. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Siegfried Jill M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the development and progression of lung cancer. A previous report noted that an increased number of polymorphic CA repeats in the first intron of the EGFR gene results in decreased transcriptional activity. To estimate the association of the length of polymorphic CA repeats in intron 1 of the EGFR gene with lung cancer, a case‐control study of 176 lung cancer patients and 161 controls was conducted in Caucasians. This case‐control study is based on two existing prospective cohorts: the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) and the Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) at the University of Pittsburgh. The frequencies of the SL (one allele>16 repeats), and SS (both allele ≤16 repeats) genotypes were statistically higher among the cases than in the controls (OR: 1.94 and 3.04, 95% CI: 1.16–3.23 and 1.53–6.04, P‐value: 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). When the length of EGFR‐CA repeat was analyzed by the sum of the number of repeats in two alleles, the frequency of the shorter repeats (sum ≤36) was 79.6% versus 63.4%, respectively, and the frequency of the longer repeats (sum >36) was 20.5% versus 36.7%, for lung cancer cases versus controls. The lower sum of EGFR‐CA repeats associated with the risk of lung cancer; the estimated odds ratio was 2.25 with 95% confidence interval: 1.38–3.66 (P = 0.001). Associations involving EGFR‐CA repeat genotype and EGFR‐CA repeat sum remained significant when adjusted for age, gender, and tobacco exposure. Our study, which is preliminary, demonstrates for the first time that shorter EGFR‐CA repeats associate with lung cancer risk. The number of EGFR‐CA repeats identifies a possible susceptible population to lung cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MMP‐7 (matrilysin) expression in human brain tumors
Authors: Rome Claire , Arsaut Josette , Taris Caroline , Couillaud Franck , Loiseau Hugues 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMP) which degrades protein components of the extra‐cellular matrix and basement membrane seems to be largely involved in cancer invasiveness. MMP proteolitic activity essentially comes from stromal cells but matrilysin (MMP‐7) is produced by the tumor itself. Thus, MMP‐7 is investigated to address the particular invasive behavior of human glioma. Both MMP‐7 mRNA and protein were clearly identified in human glioma. MMP‐7 mRNA expression was highly variable within our glioma population. When analyzing MMP‐7 mRNA expression in different primary brain tumors, we found highly variable levels of expression not related to their invasive behavior. In successive biopsies obtained in the same patients with glioblastoma, MMP‐7 mRNA was quantified and appeared variable, but intra‐individual variations were lower than inter‐individual differences. With a xenograft model of U87 human tumors in RAG2/γc immune‐deficient mice, the strict tumor origin of MMP‐7 was shown. Additionally, MMP‐7 expression by U87 cells which is low in culture was stimulated by these cells while forming tumors and the level of expression was higher when the tumor cells were implanted within the brain. These data provide some consistent information about cross‐talk occurring between the tumor and the surrounding stroma to regulate MMP‐7 expression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.