bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion force between fine particles with controlled surface properties
Authors: Quintanilla M. A. S. , Valverde J. M. , Castellanos A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe adhesion force between previously consolidated polymer particles is affected by the use of additives that modify relevant surface parameters, such as the contact hardness and size of asperities at contact. Both the size of silica nanoparticles uniformly coating the particle surfaces, and their surface coverage have been investigated. The effects of the presence of other additives, such as wax and cross‐linking polymer were tested. The experimental results are compared with predictions from theoretical models. Our measurements are shown to be in semi‐quantitative agreement with the theoretical expectations built on the hypothesis of plastic flow of interparticle contacts. Moreover, the results indicate that the aggregation of individual particles in the fluidlike regime must play a relevant role in how bulk stresses distribute among interparticle contacts when the powder transits to the solid state. This work highlights the need of considering particle aggregation and contact plasticity as central features, mostly obviated so far, to deal with real problems on cohesive powders. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Cognitive‐behavioral profiles of females with the fragile X mutation
Authors: Fisch Gene S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe fragile X (FRAXA) mutation is typically manifested as either a full mutation (FM) or premutation (PM), and is often associated with some form of learning impairment. The study by Lachiewicz et al. in this issue suggests that females with the FM or PM exhibit a specific profile of strengths in verbal abilities and significant weaknesses in quantitative skills. We examined 17 females with either the FM or PM using a standard cognitive‐behavioral battery consisting of the Stanford–Binet (4th Edition; SBFE) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS). Although we found the expected differences in composite IQ scores and adaptive behavior composite scores (DQ) between FM and PM females, we found no significant differences between verbal and quantitative reasoning in either group. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Lambeth Susan P. , Hau Jann , Perlman Jaine E. , Martino Michele , Schapiro Steven J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPositive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques have received considerable attention for their stress reduction potential in the behavioral management of captive nonhuman primates. However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this issue, PRT techniques were used to train chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to voluntarily present a leg for an intramuscular (IM) injection of anesthetic. Hematology and serum chemistry profiles were collected from healthy chimpanzees (n=128) of both sexes and various ages during their routine annual physical examinations over a 7‐year period. Specific variables potentially indicative of acute stress (i.e., total white blood cell (WBC) counts, absolute segmented neutrophils (SEG), glucose (GLU) levels, and hematocrit (HCT) levels) were analyzed to determine whether the method used to administer the anesthetic (voluntary present for injection vs. involuntary injection) affected the physiological parameters. Subjects that voluntarily presented for an anesthetic injection had significantly lower mean total WBC counts, SEG, and GLU levels than subjects that were involuntarily anesthetized by more traditional means. Within‐subjects analyses revealed the same pattern of results. This is one of the first data sets to objectively demonstrate that PRT for voluntary presentation of IM injections of anesthetic can significantly affect some of the physiological measures correlated with stress responses to chemical restraint in captive chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 68:245–256, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal variation of diet and food availability in a group of Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Yiming Li 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe studied the diet and food availability of a group of Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys for 14 months (July 2003 to September 2004, except for February) in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China. This species is primarily a lichen eater, with lichens (Usneaceae) accounting for 43.28% of feeding records (n=3,452). Other food types in the diet were young leaves (28.71%), fruits or seeds (14.57%), buds (5.36%), mature leaves (3.51%), herbs (2.09%), bark (1.36%), and flowers (1.13%). The monkeys used 23 plant species. Their diet showed a complicated seasonal variation: the monthly diet varied from primarily lichens in November–April, to a mixture of leaves and lichens in May–July, to a mixture of fruits or seeds and lichens in August–October (the latter depended on annual fruit and seed availability). The proportion of fruits or seeds in the diet was negatively correlated with that of lichens, which suggests that the monkeys prefer fruits or seeds to lichens when all of these items are available. The fruit or seed availability varied greatly between the two study years. The proportion of lichens, young leaves, flowers, and fruits or seeds in the diet was positively associated with their availability. The monkeys appeared to be selective feeders. They preferred 10 tree species for plant parts, and nine tree species for lichens. The selection index of tree species for lichens was positively related to lichen coverage per branch on tree species, demonstrating that the monkeys preferred tree species with abundant lichens, as well as dead trees for lichens. The results suggest that dead‐tree harvesting in the reserve could significantly reduce the quality of habitat for these monkeys, and should therefore be prohibited. Connus controversa, Cerasus discadenia, Salix willichiana, and Malus halliana should be conserved as top priority species because the monkeys preferred them for both their vegetative parts and the lichens that grow on them. Am. J. Primatol. 68:217–233, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of different enzymeimmunoassays for assessment of adrenocortical activity in primates based on fecal analysis
Authors: Heistermann M. , Palme R. , Ganswindt A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMost studies published to date that used fecal glucocorticoid measurements to assess adrenocortical activity in primate (and many nonprimate) species applied a specific cortisol or corticosterone assay. However, since these native glucocorticoids are virtually absent in the feces of most vertebrates, including primates, the validity of this approach has recently been questioned. Therefore, the overall aim of the present study was to assess the validity of four enzymeimmunoassays (EIAs) using antibodies raised against cortisol, corticosterone, and reduced cortisol metabolites (two group‐specific antibodies) for assessing adrenocortical activity using fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) measurements in selected primate species (marmoset, long‐tailed macaque, Barbary macaque, chimpanzee, and gorilla). Using physiological stimulation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis by administering exogenous ACTH or anesthesia, we demonstrated that at least two assays detected the predicted increase in fecal GCM levels in response to treatment in each species. However, the magnitude of response varied between assays and species, and no one assay was applicable to all species. While the corticosterone assay generally was of only limited suitability for assessing glucocorticoid output, the specific cortisol assay was valuable for those species that (according to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis data) excreted clearly detectable amounts of authentic cortisol into the feces. In contrast, in species in which cortisol was virtually absent in the feces, group‐specific assays provided a much stronger signal, and these assays also performed well in the other primate species tested (except the marmoset). Collectively, the data suggest that the reliability of a given fecal glucocorticoid assay in reflecting activity of the HPA axis in primates clearly depends on the species in question. Although to date there is no single assay system that can be used successfully across species, our data suggest that group‐specific assays have a high potential for cross‐species application. Nevertheless, regardless of which GC antibody is chosen, our study clearly reinforces the necessity of appropriately validating the respective assay system before it is used. Am. J. Primatol. 68:257–273, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Living in nonbreeding groups: an alternative strategy for maturing gorillas
Authors: Levréro Florence , Gatti Sylvain , Ménard Nelly , Petit Eric , Caillaud Damien , Gautier‐Hion Annie 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe one‐male reproductive strategy implies that maturing males are temporarily excluded from reproduction. In gorillas, these excluded males live either solitarily or in nonbreeding groups (NBGs) that are devoid of adult females. The dynamics of NBGs are not well known. In this study, which was conducted on a gorilla population (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) of 377 individuals that visited the Lokoué clearing in the Republic of Congo, we detail how the NBGs formed, and analyze their dynamics according to age‐sex classes, the relatedness of members, and the origin and destination of transferring individuals. We discuss the potential benefits gained by individuals living in these groups. The NBGs included mainly immature males, most of which appeared to have migrated voluntarily from their natal groups. Some individuals (including juvenile females) came from disbanded breeding groups (BGs). Migrants preferentially joined NBGs that included a silverback male. Their dispersal patterns were not determined by their degree of relatedness, but they tended to associate with related silverbacks. In this way, the migrants could enhance their protection against predators and gain experience with different environmental conditions. By tolerating and protecting offspring, aging silverbacks could enhance their inclusive fitness. Finally, young and healthy silverbacks could increase their likelihood of forming a future BG when unrelated females joined them. Am. J. Primatol. 68:275–291, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lemur responses to edge effects in the Vohibola III classified forest, Madagascar
Authors: Lehman Shawn M. , Rajaonson Andry , Day Sabine 
Published: February 2006

AbstractForest edges are dynamic zones characterized by the penetration (to varying depths and intensities) of conditions from the surrounding environment (matrix) into the forest interior. Although edge effects influence many tropical organisms, they have not been studied directly in primates. Edge effects are particularly relevant to lemurs because of the highly fragmented forest landscapes found in Madagascar. In this study, data are presented regarding how the densities of six lemur species (Avahi laniger, Cheirogaleus major, Eulemur rubriventer, Hapalemur griseus griseus, Microcebus rufus, and Propithecus diadema edwardsi) varied between six 500‐m interior transects and six 500‐m edge transects in the Vohibola III Classified Forest in SE Madagascar. Diurnal (n = 433) and nocturnal (n = 128) lemur surveys were conducted during June–October 2003 and May–November 2004. A. laniger, E. rubriventer, and H. g. griseus exhibited a neutral edge response (no differences in densities between habitats). M. rufus and P. d. edwardsi had a positive edge response (higher densities in edge habitats), which may be related to edge‐related variations in food abundance and quality. Positive edge responses by M. rufus and P. d. edwardsi may ultimately be detrimental due to edge‐related anthropogenic factors (e.g., hunting by local people). The negative edge response exhibited by C. major (lower densities in edge habitats) may result from heightened ambient temperatures that inhibit torpor in edge habitats. Am. J. Primatol. 68:293–299, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical simulations of rotors, hydraulic jumps and eddy shedding in the Falkland Islands
Authors: Sheridan P. F. , Vosper S. B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHigh‐resolution three‐dimensional simulations of flows over East Falkland, South Atlantic, are presented. With a temperature inversion upwind, lee waves, rotors and hydraulic jumps are found to occur, giving rise to highly unsteady phenomena such as wakes and eddy shedding. Such flows are known to represent a significant hazard to aviation. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
South American monsoon indices
Authors: Gan Manoel A. , Rao Vadlamudi B. , Moscati Marley C. L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFour monsoon indices (the meridional wind shear index (MWSI), the zonal wind shear index (ZWSI), the 850‐hPa zonal wind index (850ZWI) and the 850‐hPa zonal and meridional wind index (UVI)) based on the characteristics of the wind circulation are used to identify the onset and the demise dates and the intraseasonal variability of the rainy season over the west central Brazil (WCB) region. All the four‐index time series have a high correlation with the precipitation series over WCB. The UVI, MWSI and the 850ZWI represent very well the intraseasonal variability (break and active periods) of the precipitation over WCB and the 850ZWI is also useful for identifying the onset dates. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Resveratrol is efficiently glucuronidated by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases in the human gastrointestinal tract and in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Sabolovic Nicole , Humbert Anne‐Claude , Radominska‐Pandya Anna , Magdalou Jacques 
Published: February 2006

AbstractResveratrol (3, 5, 4′‐trihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene), a natural polyphenol present in grapes and peanuts, has been reported to exert a variety of potentially therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the glucuronidation of this compound and itscis‐isomer, which also occurs naturally. For this purpose, glucuronidation of the two resveratrol isomers was investigated in human microsomes prepared from: stomach, duodenum, four segments of the remaining small intestine (S‐1 to S‐4) and colon, and from the human intestinal cell lines Caco‐2 and PD‐7.cis‐ andtrans‐Resveratrol were efficiently glucuronidated in the GI tract with the formation of both 3‐O‐ and 4′‐O‐glucuronides, however, the two stereoisomers were glucuronidated at different rates depending on the donor and the segment considered. Microsomes prepared from Caco‐2 and PD‐7 cells also efficiently glucuronidatedcis‐resveratrol and, to a lesser extent, thetrans‐isomer, however, only the 3‐O‐glucuronide was formed. Among the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) that are known to be expressed in the GI tract, the isoforms UGT1A1, 1A6, 1A8, 1A9 and 1A10 were active in glucuronidatingtrans‐ and/orcis‐resveratrol. The results demonstrate that the GI tract may contribute significantly to the first pass metabolism of these naturally occurring polyphenols. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient cells‐and‐portals partitioning
Authors: Lerner Alon , Chrysanthou Yiorgos , Cohen‐Or Daniel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this paper we revisit the cells‐and‐portals visibility methods, originally developed for the special case of architectural interiors. We define an effectiveness measure for a cells‐and‐portals partition, and introduce a two‐pass algorithm that computes a cells‐and‐portals partition. The algorithm uses a simple heuristic that strives to create small portals as a means for generating an effective partition. The input to the algorithm is a set of half edges in 2D that can be extracted from a complex polygonal model. The first pass of the algorithm creates an initial partition, which is then refined by the second pass. We show that our method creates a partition that is more effective than the common BSP partition, even when the latter is further refined with the application of our second pass. Our cells‐and‐portals algorithm is designed to deal with arbitrarily oriented walls. The algorithm also supports outdoor scenes, where the vertical walls of the buildings serve as occluders and portals are extended above the buildings. We show that the extended portals allow an output‐sensitive rendering of large urban scenes. While most visibility algorithms use graphics hardware in order to cull hidden regions of the model, we examine the usefulness of a hardware‐assisted portal test as opposed to the conventional software test. Finally, since our two‐pass method is fully automatic and local, it supports incremental changes of the model by locally recomputing and updating the partition. We call our method ‘Breaking the Walls’ since it breaks out of indoor scenes to outdoor scenes, and allows walls to be broken interactively, with an instant updating of the partition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient rendering of deformable objects for real‐time applications
Authors: Cheung Gary K. L. , Lau Rynson W. H. , Li Frederick W. B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDeformable objects can be used to model soft objects such as clothing, human faces and animal characters. They are important as they can improve the realism of the applications. However, most existing hardware accelerators cannot render deformable objects directly. A tessellation process is often used to convert a deformable object into polygons so that the hardware graphics accelerator may render them. Unfortunately, this tessellation process is computationally very expensive. While the object is deforming, the tessellation process needs to be performed repeatedly to convert the deforming objects into polygons. As a result, deformable objects are seldom used in real‐time applications such as virtual environments and computer games. Since trimmed NURBS surfaces are often used to represent deformable objects, in this paper we present an efficient method for incremental rendering of deformable trimmed NURBS surfaces. A trimmed NURBS surface typically deforms through the deformation of the trimmed NURBS surface and/or the trimming curve. Our method handles both trimmed surface deformation as well as trimming curve deformation. Experimental results show that our method performs significantly faster than the method used in OpenGL and can be used in real‐time applications, such as computer games. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motion retargeting in the presence of topological variations
Authors: Baciu George , Iu Bartholomew K. C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractResearch on motion retargeting and synthesis for character animation has been mostly focused on character scale variations. In our recent work we have addressed the motion retargeting problem for characters with slightly different topologies. In this paper we present a new method for retargeting captured motion data to an enhanced character skeleton having a topology that is different from that of the original captured motion. The new topology could include altered hierarchical structures and scaled segments. In order to solve this problem, we propose a framework based on the concept of a motion control net (MCN). This is an external structure analogous to the convex hull of a set of control points defining a parametric curve or a surface patch. The MCN encapsulates the motion characteristics of the character. Retargeting is achieved as a generalized inverse kinematics problem using an external MCN. The retargeting solution requires the dynamic modification of the MCN structure. This also allows US to interactively edit the MCN and modify the conditions for the motion analysis. The new method can automatically synthesize new segment information and, by combining the segment motion into the MCN domain with a suitable displacement of control points embedded in the original motion capture sensor data, it can also generate realistic new motions that resemble the motion patterns in the original data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behaviour‐based multiplayer collaborative interaction management
Authors: Lin Qingping , Wang Weihua , Zhang Liang , Ng Jim Mee , Low Chor Ping 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA collaborative virtual environment (CVE) allows geographically dispersed users to interact with each other and objects in a common virtual environment via network connections. One of the successful applications of CVE is multiplayer on‐line role‐playing game. To support massive interactions among virtual entities in a large‐scale CVE and maintain consistent status of the interaction among users with the constraint of limited network bandwidth, an efficient collaborative interaction management method is required. In this paper, we propose a behaviour‐based interaction management framework for supporting multiplayer role‐playing CVE applications. It incorporates a two‐tiered architecture which includes high‐level role behaviour‐based interaction management and low‐level message routing. In the high level, interaction management is achieved by enabling interactions based on collaborative behaviour definitions. In the low level, message routing controls interactions according to the run‐time status of the interactive entities. Collaborative Behaviour Description Language is designed as a scripting interface for application developers to define collaborative behaviours of interactive entities and simulation logics/game rules in a CVE. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the proposed framework through a prototype system and simulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐cultural analysis of German, Chinese and Indian consumers' perception of web site adaptation
Authors: Singh Nitish , Fassott Georg , Zhao Hongxin , Boughton Paul D. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence, using the theory of planned behavior, as to whether local consumers prefer culturally adapted web sites or standardized web sites The study contributes to the existing literature by showing that consumers from Germany, China, and India prefer web sites adapted to their local culture, and that culture influences consumer beliefs, attitudes, and purchase intention on the web.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When communication challenges brand associations: a framework for understanding consumer responses to brand image incongruity
Authors: Sjödin Henrik , Törn Fredrik 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

In this conceptual paper, the authors review literature on how consumers react when a piece of brand communication is incongruent with established brand associations. Although brand experts typically criticize such brand image incongruity, it is a fact that companies do communicate in a way that challenges existing associations, for example in advertising or when launching brand extensions. The article integrates previous work—which has been scattered across several poorly connected domains—into a coherent framework. The authors propose effects of brand image incongruity on consumers' processing and evaluation. They also identify marketing implications and avenues for future research. The propositions imply opportunities for brand management, thus suggesting the need for a balanced view on brand image incongruity.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.