bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine clinical toolkit optimizes inpatient clozapine monitoring
Authors: Gessner Brooke , Carter Michelle , Rahnama Kiana , Almeida Alberto , Borralho Colleen , Mihic Tamara , Ng Joan C. Y. , Puyat Joseph H. , Russolillo Angela , Halpape Katelyn C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however, its use is challenging due to the risk of severe adverse effects. Despite the risks associated with clozapine, there is no mandatory monitoring in Canada beyond hematologic testing for agranulocytosis surveillance. This study focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of a clozapine clinical toolkit (CTK) targeted at optimizing inpatient clozapine use.

Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify clozapine best practices, experts were consulted, and a comprehensive clozapine CTK was developed and implemented at a large Canadian tertiary hospital in December 2018. To evaluate the CTK, a retrospective chart review was conducted to assess for change in guideline-concordant monitoring pre- and post- CTK implementation. Patients were included if they were > 18 years of age and received clozapine during inpatient admission. Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
Among the charts reviewed, 185 and 113 admissions met the pre- and post-CTK inclusion criteria, respectively. Staff used the CTK in the care of 96% of clozapine patients post implementation, and its use resulted in improvements in guideline-concordant monitoring for agranulocytosis and myocarditis.

Discussion
Implementation of the clozapine CTK increased the concordance of clozapine monitoring with best practice recommendations. Future research is necessary to assess the impact of the CTK on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Training student pharmacists to administer long-acting injectable medications
Authors: Ehret Megan J. , Love Raymond C. , DiPaula Bethany 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective/Process
In June of 2022, the State of Maryland Board of Pharmacy issued regulations permitting pharmacist administration of maintenance injectable medications. Subsequently, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy created a laboratory to train student pharmacists based on these regulations on administering long-acting maintenance injections. This training included a review of regulations, reconstitution and administration of medications, and education for patients and caregivers on long-acting injectable medications. This is the first training the authors are aware of incorporating both reconstitution and administration of these medications. The objective of this paper is to describe the laboratory details and future directions of the training course.

Results/Conclusions
The first training laboratory trained 94 student pharmacists in the administration technique of long-acting injectable medications. The program has been adapted for practicing pharmacists and other healthcare providers. Thus far, more than 300 practitioners have participated in the learning lab.
Comprehensive evaluation of positional candidates in the IL‐18 pathway reveals suggestive associations with schizophrenia and herpes virus seropositivity
Authors: Shirts Brian H. , Wood Joel , Yolken Robert H. , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInteractions between genetic variation and environmental factors have been invoked in schizophrenia genesis, but pathways linking them are uncertain. We used a pathway‐oriented approach to evaluate six genes mediating IL18 function (IL‐18, IL18BP, IL18R1, IL18RAP, IL12B, and IL12A). The first five are also localized to regions previously linked with schizophrenia. Fifty‐four representative tag SNPs were selected from comprehensive sequence data and genotyped in 478 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (DSM IV criteria) and 501 unscreened control individuals. Exposure to three herpes viruses previously suggested as risk factors for schizophrenia was estimated simultaneously among the cases. Five SNPs in four genes were associated with schizophrenia, most prominently rs2272127 at IL18RAP (P = 0.0007, odds ratio for C allele 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18–1.87; P = 0.03 following correction for multiple comparisons). Exploratory analysis revealed that rs2272127 was also associated with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) seropositivity in cases (P = 0.04, OR for G allele 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04–2.39). Similar patterns were observed at another correlated SNP (rs11465702, P = 0.005 and 0.006, respectively for associations with schizophrenia and HSV1 seropositivity). We suggest plausible, testable hypotheses linking IL‐18 signaling and HSV1 in schizophrenia pathogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlling false discoveries in genetic studies
Authors: van den Oord Edwin J.C.G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA false discovery occurs when a researcher concludes that a marker is involved in the etiology of the disease whereas in reality it is not. In genetic studies the risk of false discoveries is very high because only few among the many markers that can be tested will have an effect on the disease. In this article, we argue that it may be best to use methods for controlling false discoveries that would introduce the same ratio of false discoveries divided by all rejected tests into the literature regardless of systematic differences between studies. After a brief discussion of traditional “multiple testing” methods, we show that methods that control the false discovery rate (FDR) may be more suitable to achieve this goal. These FDR methods are therefore discussed in more detail. Instead of merely testing for main effects, it may be important to search for gene–environment/covariate interactions, gene–gene interactions or genetic variants affecting disease subtypes. In the second section, we point out the challenges involved in controlling false discoveries in such searches. The final section discusses the role of replication studies for eliminating false discoveries and the complexities associated with the definition of what constitutes a replication and the design of these studies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of NSAIDs in acute treatment of headache
Authors: Martelletti Paolo , Farinelli Ivano , Coloprisco Gabriella , Patacchioli Francesca Romana 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHeadache is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Tension‐type headache (TTH) represents the most frequent headache form, involving 82% of sufferers. Of this population, 14% are affected by migraine and 4% by a chronic form of headache (chronic daily headache [CDH]). Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent the most used acute therapy for TTH and migraine because of issues with coxibs safety. NSAIDs play a minor role is the treatment in trigeminal‐autonomic cephalgias (TACs); if excluding indomethacin in the acute management of paroxysmal hemicrania (PH). Despite limitations in their utilization, NSAIDs still constitute drugs of primary importance, being effective and being well tolerated in the treatment of acute episodes. Drug Dev Res 68:276–281, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geomorphic controls and transition zones in the lower Sabine River
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInstream flow science and management requires identification of characteristic hydrological, ecological, and geomorphological attributes of stream reaches. This study approaches this problem by identifying geomorphic transition zones along the lower Sabine River, Texas and Louisiana. Boundaries were delineated along the lower Sabine River valley based on surficial geology, valley width, valley confinement, network characteristics (divergent versus convergent), sinuousity, slope, paleomeanders, and point bars. The coincidence of multiple boundaries reveals five key transition zones separating six reaches of distinct hydrological and geomorphological characteristics. Geologic controls and gross valley morphology play a major role as geomorphic controls, as does an upstream‐to‐downstream gradient in the importance of pulsed dam releases, and a down‐to‐upstream gradient in coastal backwater effects. Geomorphic history, both in the sense of the legacy of Quaternary sea level changes, and the effects of specific events such as avulsions and captures, are also critical. The transition zones delineate reaches with distinct hydrological characteristics in terms of the relative importance of dam releases and coastal backwater effects, single versus multi‐channel flow patterns, frequency of overbank flow, and channel‐floodplain connectivity. The transitional areas also represent sensitive zones which can be expected to be bellwethers in terms of responses to future environmental changes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EUFAMI congress
Authors: Gillam Tony 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDelegates at a meeting in the home town of astronomer and mathematician, Nicolaus Copernicus, heard about the importance of family and the wider community to the recovery of people with severe mental illness.Tony Gillam, a mental health nurse specialist, reports on sessions he attended at ‘Touching the star’s the 4th EUFAMI congress, held in September in Torun, Poland. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Giebels Karin , Marcotte Jacques‐Edouard , Podoba John , Rousseau Céline , Denis Marie‐Hélène , Fauvel Véronique , Laberge Sophie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIntroductionIn cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with significant morbidity. Although passive prophylaxis with palivizumab lowers hospitalization rate for RSV infection in populations at risk of severe infection, its use is not recommended in infants with CF disease.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of palivizumab prophylaxis on hospitalization for acute respiratory illness in young children with CF during the first RSV season following the diagnosis of CF.MethodsIn this retrospective study, medical records of patients diagnosed with CF between the years 1997 and 2005 inclusively and on whom the diagnosis was made before 18 months of age were reviewed. Collected data included age at diagnosis, palivizumab prophylaxis, occurrence of hospitalization for acute respiratory tract illness during the RSV season and identification of RSV infection.ResultsA diagnosis of CF was made in 76 young children and data collected from 75 children. Of those, 40 did not receive RSV prophylaxis while 35 received palivizumab injection monthly during the RSV season. Among non‐recipient children, 7 out of 40 were hospitalized for acute respiratory illness during the RSV season. Of these seven patients, RSV detection was positive in nasopharyngeal secretions in three patients, negative in one patient and not requested in the others. Among palivizumab recipients, 3 out of 35 children were hospitalized for acute respiratory illness (P > 0.05 compared to non‐recipients group). In these three palivizumab recipients, RSV detection was negative in nasopharyngeal secretions. Palivizumab recipients experienced fewer hospital days per patient for acute respiratory illness (mean ± SD: 0.8 ± 3.07 days) as compared to non‐recipients (mean ± SD: 1.73 ± 4.27 days) but this difference did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionCF infants may benefit from RSV immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:169–174. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood asthma epidemiology: Insights from comparative studies of rural and urban populations
Authors: Wong Gary W.K. , Chow Chung M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAsthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory disorders. Many epidemiology studies have suggested an increasing trend of asthma in many different regions of the world but the exact reasons explaining such trend remain unclear. Nevertheless, changing environmental factors are most likely important in explaining the trend of asthma. Studies in the past decade have clearly shown a mark difference in the prevalence between urban and rural regions. The consistent findings of a markedly lower prevalence of asthma in children and adults who have been brought up in a farming environment clearly indicate the importance of environmental influence of asthma development. Although the exact protective environmental factors in the rural region remain to be defined, there have been many studies suggesting that early exposure to microbes or microbial products may play a role in modulating the immune system so as to reduce the future risk of asthma and allergies. Advances in the understanding of the genetic predisposition and how these genetic factors may interact with specific environment factors are of paramount importance for the future development of primary preventive strategies for asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:107–116. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of Carbapenem-Resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acquisition among Hospitalized Adults and Effect of Acquisition on Mortality
Authors: Schwaber Mitchell J. , Klarfeld-Lidji Shiri , Navon-Venezia Shiri , Schwartz David , Leavitt Azita , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. Little is known about its risk factors or mortality. We performed a case-case-control study to assess the risks for CRKP isolation and a retrospective cohort study to assess mortality in three groups of hospitalized adults: (i) patients from whom CRKP was isolated, (ii) patients from whom carbapenem-susceptible
Klebsiella
spp. (CSKS) were isolated, and (iii) controls from whom no
Klebsiella
spp. were isolated. After adjustment for length of stay (LOS), the demographics, comorbidities, and exposures of each case group were compared with those of the controls. Significant covariates were incorporated into LOS-adjusted multivariable models. In the mortality study, we evaluated the effect of CRKP on in-hospital death. There were 48 patients with CRKP isolation (21 died [44%]), 56 patients with CSKS isolation (7 died [12.5%]), and 59 controls (1 died [2%]). Independent risk factors for CRKP isolation were poor functional status (odds ratio [OR], 15.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0 to 58.6;
P
< 0.001); intensive care unit (ICU) stay (OR, 17.4; 95% CI, 1.5 to 201.9;
P
= 0.02); and receipt of antibiotics (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 19.2;
P
= 0.05), particularly fluoroquinolones (OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 49.4;
P
= 0.04). CRKP was independently associated with death when patients with CRKP were compared with patients with CSKS (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 17.1;
P
= 0.005) and with controls (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 18.8;
P
< 0.001). After adjustment for the severity of illness, CRKP isolation remained predictive of death, albeit with a lower OR (for the CRKP group versus the CSKS group, OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 13.6; and
P
= 0.03; for the CRKP group versus the controls, OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.7 to 14.8; and
P
= 0.004). CRKP affects patients with poor functional status, an ICU stay, and antibiotic exposure and is an independent predictor of death.
Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance during Therapy for Infections Caused by
Enterobacteriaceae
Producing AmpC β-Lactamase: Implications for Antibiotic Use
Authors: Choi Sang-Ho , Lee Jung Eun , Park Su Jin , Choi Seong-Ho , Lee Sang-Oh , Jeong Jin-Yong , Kim Mi-Na , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Yang Soo 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Enterobacter
spp.,
Serratia marcescens
,
Citrobacter freundii
, and
Morganella morganii
are characterized by chromosomally encoded AmpC β-lactamases and possess the ability to develop resistance upon exposure to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. To determine the incidences of the emergence of resistance during antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by these organisms and the effect of the emergence of resistance on patient outcomes, all patients who were admitted to the Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Republic of Korea) from January 2005 to June 2006 and whose clinical specimens yielded
Enterobacter
spp.,
S. marcescens
,
C. freundii
, or
M. morganii
were monitored prospectively. The main end point was the emergence of resistance during antimicrobial therapy. A total of 732 patients with infections were included for analysis. The overall incidence of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance during antimicrobial therapy was 1.9% (14/732). Resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins, cefepime, extended-spectrum penicillin, carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides emerged during treatment in 5.0% (11/218), 0% (0/20), 2.0% (2/100), 0% (0/226), 0% (0/153), and 1.1% (1/89) of patients, respectively. The emergence of resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins occurred more often in
Enterobacter
spp. (8.3%, 10/121) than in
C. freundii
(2.6%, 1/39),
S. marcescens
(0%, 0/37), or
M. morganii
(0%, 0/21). Biliary tract infection associated with malignant bile duct invasion was significantly associated with the emergence of resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins (
P
= 0.024 at a significance level of 0.042, by use of the Bonferroni correction). Only 1 of the 14 patients whose isolates developed resistance during antimicrobial therapy died. The emergence of resistance was more frequently associated with broad-spectrum cephalosporins than with the other antimicrobial agents tested, especially in
Enterobacter
spp. However, the emergence of resistance was associated with a low risk of mortality.
Terminations of large strike-slip faults: an alternative model from New Zealand
Authors: Mouslopoulou V. , Nicol A. , Little T. A. , Walsh J. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The 500-km-long strike-slip North Island Fault System (NIFS) intersects and terminates against the Taupo Rift. Both fault systems are active, with strike-slip displacement transferred into the rift without displacing normal faults along the rift margin. Data from displaced landforms, fault-trenching, gravity and seismic-reflection profiles, and aerial photograph analysis suggest that within 150 km of the northern termination of the NIFS, the main faults in the strike-slip fault system bend through 25°, splay into five principal strands and decrease their mean dip. These changes in fault geometry are accompanied by a gradual steepening of the pitch of the slip vectors, and by an anticlockwise swing (up to 50°) in the azimuth of slip on the faults in the NIFS. As a consequence of the bending of the strike-slip faults and the changes in their slip vectors, near their intersection, the slip vectors on the two component fault systems become subparallel to each other and to their mutual line of intersection. This subparallelism facilitates the transfer of displacement from one fault system to the other, accounting for a significant amount of the NE increase of extension along the rift, whilst maintaining the overall coherence of the strike-slip termination. Changes in the slip vectors of the strike-slip faults arise from the superimposition of rift-orthogonal differential extension outside the rift margin, resulting in differential motion of the footwall and hanging-wall blocks of each fault in the NIFS. The combination of rift-orthogonal heterogeneous extension (dip-slip) and strike-slip, results in a steepening of the pitch of the slip vectors on the terminating fault system. Slip vectors on each splay close to their terminations are, therefore, the sum of strike-slip and dip-slip components, with the total angle through which the pitch of the slip vectors steepens being dependent on the relative values of both these two component vectors. In circumstances where interaction of the velocity fields for the intersecting fault systems cannot resolve to a slip vector that is boundary-coherent, either rotation about vertical axes of the terminating fault relative to the through-going fault system may take place to accommodate the termination of the strike-slip fault system, or the rift may be offset by the strike-slip fault system rather than terminating into it. At the termination of the NIFS, an earlier phase of such rotations may have produced the 25° anticlockwise bend in fault strike and contributed up to about one-third of the anticlockwise deflection in slip azimuth. On the terminating strike-slip NIFS, therefore, rotational and non-rotational termination mechanisms have both played a role, but at different times in its evolution, as the thermal structure, the rheology and the thickness of the crust in the rift intersection region have changed.
PF00299804, an Irreversible Pan-ERBB Inhibitor, Is Effective in Lung Cancer Models withEGFRandERBB2Mutations that Are Resistant to Gefitinib
Authors: Engelman Jeffrey A. , Zejnullahu Kreshnik , Gale Christopher-Michael , Lifshits Eugene , Gonzales Andrea J. , Shimamura Takeshi , Zhao Feng , Vincent Patrick W. , Naumov George N. , Bradner James E. , Althaus Irene W. , Gandhi Leena , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Nelson James M. , Heymach John V. , Meyerson Matthew , Wong Kwok-Kin , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib are effective treatments for a subset of non–small cell lung cancers. In particular, cancers with specific EGFR-activating mutations seem to be the most sensitive to these agents. However, despite their initial response, such cancers almost invariably develop resistance. In 50% of such cancers, a secondary EGFR mutation, T790M, has been identified that renders gefitinib and erlotinib ineffective inhibitors of EGFR kinase activity. Thus, there is a clinical need to develop novel EGFR inhibitors that can effectively inactivate T790M-containing EGFR proteins. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of a novel compound, PF00299804, an irreversible pan-ERBB inhibitor. The results from these studies show that PF00299804 is a potent inhibitor of EGFR-activating mutations as well as the EGFR T790M resistance mutation both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PF00299804 is a highly effective inhibitor of both the wild-type ERBB2 and the gefitinib-resistant oncogenic ERBB2 mutation identified in lung cancers. These preclinical evaluations support further clinical development of PF00299804 for cancers with mutations and/or amplifications of ERBB family members. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11924–32]