bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Insights for Personalized Care: Motivating At-Risk Individuals Toward Evidence-Based Health Practices
Authors: Chen Tony , Pham Giang , Fox Louis , Adler Nina , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jingning , Byun Jinyoung , Han Younghun , Saunders Gretchen R.B. , Liu Dajiang , Bray Michael J. , Ramsey Alex T. , McKay James , Bierut Laura , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. , Lin Xihong , Zhang Haoyu , Chen Li-Shiun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer and tobacco use pose significant global health challenges, necessitating a comprehensive translational roadmap for improved prevention strategies. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are powerful tools for patient risk stratification but have not yet been widely used in primary care for lung cancer, particularly in diverse patient populations.MethodsWe propose the GREAT care paradigm, which employs PRSs to stratify disease risk and personalize interventions. We developed PRSs using large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies and standardized PRS distributions across all ancestries. We applied our PRSs to 796 individuals from the GISC Trial, 350,154 from UK Biobank (UKBB), and 210,826 from All of Us Research Program (AoU), totaling 561,776 individuals of diverse ancestry.ResultsSignificant odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer and difficulty quitting smoking were observed in both UKBB and AoU. For lung cancer, the ORs for individuals in the highest risk group (top 20% versus bottom 20%) were 1.85 (95% CI: 1.58 – 2.18) in UKBB and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.93 – 2.97) in AoU. For difficulty quitting smoking, the ORs (top 33% versus bottom 33%) were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.32 – 1.41) in UKBB and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.28 – 1.36) in AoU.ConclusionOur PRS-based intervention model leverages large-scale genetic data for robust risk assessment across populations. This model will be evaluated in two cluster-randomized clinical trials aimed at motivating health behavior changes in high-risk patients of diverse ancestry. This pioneering approach integrates genomic insights into primary care, promising improved outcomes in cancer prevention and tobacco treatment.
“She helped from the first minute to the last” – experiences of respectful maternal and newborn care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nampula Province, Mozambique
Authors: Lydon Megan M , Vilanculos Joaquim , Crew Carter , Barata Américo , Keyes Emily 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPandemic-related health service adaptations raised concerns about provision of quality, respectful maternity care globally. Despite this, little research has focused on the experiences of those using intrapartum care during this time. This study aimed to elevate the voices and document the experiences of birthing people in Nampula Province, Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study from March-August 2021 and present an analysis of the 17 follow-up in-depth interviews conducted with participants who had a vaginal live birth. Interviews explored participants’ experience of labor and delivery care. They were conducted in Makua and Portuguese, audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. We applied thematic content analysis. Overall, participants did not express major concerns about COVID-19 or related service adaptations when describing their experiences of intrapartum care. Some noted its negative effects on elements of respectful care such as restricting birth companions. Overcrowding became more concerning due to the threat of infection. While unclear if affected by the pandemic, all participants who gave birth at a health facility reported experiencing at least one form of mistreatment, some recounting threats of cesarean delivery. Most explained that they and their newborns received care without their consent, especially regarding enemas and episiotomies. At the same time, respondents described a range of intrapartum experiences that included both respectful and disrespectful care. Most recalled positive verbal communication with their providers and many described receiving continuous attentive care. Participants explained that their satisfaction with childbirth services was tied to their birth outcome and their experience of respectful care. The findings indicate that steadfast commitments to quality care are critical to ensure families benefit from high-quality, respectful care at all times. The ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic were limited but nonetheless signal a need for tighter connections between maternal health and emergency preparedness stakeholders.
Family matters: Linking population growth, kin interactions, and African elephant social groups
Authors: Croll Jasper C. , Caswell Hal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn many species, individuals are embedded in a network of kin with whom they interact. Interactions between kin can affect the survival and fertility rates, and thus the life history of individuals. These interactions indirectly affect both the network of kin and the dynamics of the population. In this way, a non-linear feedback between the kin network and individual vital rates emerges. We describe a framework for integrating these kin interactions into a matrix model by linking the individual kin network to a matrix model. We demonstrate the use of this framework for African elephant populations under varying poaching pressure. For this example, we incorporate effects of the maternal presence and matriarchal age on juvenile survival, and effects of the presence of a sister on young female fecundity. We find that the feedback resulting from the interactions between family members shifts and reduces the expected kin network. The reduction in family size and structure severely reduces the positive effects of family interactions, leading to an additional decrease in population growth rate on top of the direct decrease due to the additional mortality. Our analysis provides a framework that can be applied to a wide range of social species.
SciGeneX: Enhancing transcriptional analysis through gene module detection in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Bavais Julie , Chevallier Jessica , Spinelli Lionel , van de Pavert Serge A. , Puthier Denis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe standard pipeline to analyze scRNA-seq or spatial transcriptomics data focuses on a gene-centric approach, which overlooks the collective behavior of genes. However, cell populations should be viewed as intricate combinations of activated and repressed pathways. Thus, a broader view of gene behavior would provide more accurate information on cellular heterogeneity in single-cell or spatial transcriptomics data. Here, we described SciGeneX, a R package implementing a neighborhood analysis and a graph partitioning method to generate co-expression gene modules. These gene modules, which can be shared or restricted between cell populations, collectively reflect cell populations, and their combinations are able to highlight specific cell populations, even rare ones. SciGeneX was also able to uncover rare and novel cell populations which were not observed before in spatial transcriptomics data of human thymus. We show that SciGeneX outperforms existing methods on both artificial and experimental datasets. Overall, SciGeneX will aid in unraveling cellular and molecular diversity in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics studies. The R package is available athttps://github.com/dputhier/scigenex.
Functional omics of ORP7 in primary endothelial cells
Authors: Taskinen Juuso H. , Holopainen Minna , Ruhanen Hanna , Käkelä Reijo , Olkkonen Vesa M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany members of the oxysterol binding protein related protein (ORP) family have been characterized in detail over the past decades, but the lipid transport and other functions of ORP7 still remain elusive. What is known about ORP7 points toward an endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane-localized protein, which also interacts with GABARAPL2 and unlipidated LC3B, suggesting a further autophagosomal/lysosomal association. Functional roles of ORP7 have been suggested in cholesterol efflux, hypercholesterolemia, and macroautophagy. We performed a hypothesis-free omics analysis of chemical ORP7 inhibition utilizing transcriptomics and lipidomics as well as proximity biotinylation interactomics to characterize ORP7 functions in a primary cell type, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, assays on metrics such as angiogenesis, cholesterol efflux and lipid droplet quantification were conducted.ResultsPharmacological inhibition of ORP7 lead to an increase in gene expression related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, while genes associated with cell cycle and cell division were downregulated. Lipidomic analysis revealed increases in ceramides, lysophosphaditylcholines, as well as saturated and monounsaturated triacylglycerols. Significant decreases were seen in all cholesteryl ester and in some unsaturated triacylglycerol species, compatible with the detected decrease of mean lipid droplet area. Along with the reduced lipid stores, ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux and angiogenesis decreased. Interactomics revealed an interaction of ORP7 with AKT1, a central metabolic regulator.ConclusionsThe transcriptomics results suggest an increase in prostanoid as well as oxysterol synthesis, which could be related to the observed upregulation of proinflammatory genes. We envision that the defective angiogenesis in HUVECs subjected to ORP7 inhibition could be the result of an unfavorable plasma membrane lipid composition and/or reduced potential for cell division. To conclude, the present study suggests multifaceted functions of ORP7 in lipid homeostasis, angiogenic tube formation and gene expression of lipid metabolism, inflammation and cell cycle in primary endothelial cells, possibly through AKT1 interaction.
Google Trends data and transfer function models to predict tourism demand in Italy
Authors: De Luca Giovanni , Rosciano Monica 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe tourist industry has to adopt a big data-driven foresight approach to enhance decision-making in a post-COVID international landscape still marked by significant uncertainty and in which some megatrends have the potential to reshape society in the next decades. This paper, considering the opportunity offered by the application of the quantitative analysis on internet new data sources, proposes a prediction method using Google Trends data based on an estimated transfer function model.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the time-series methods to model and predict Google Trends data. A transfer function model is used to transform the prediction of Google Trends data into predictions of tourist arrivals. It predicts the United States tourism demand in Italy.FindingsThe results highlight the potential expressed by the use of big data-driven foresight approach. Applying a transfer function model on internet search data, timely forecasts of tourism flows are obtained. The two scenarios emerged can be used in tourism stakeholders’ decision-making process. In a future perspective, the methodological path could be applied to other tourism origin markets, to other internet search engine or other socioeconomic and environmental contexts.Originality/valueThe study raises awareness of foresight literacy in the tourism sector. Secondly, it complements the research on tourism demand forecasting by evaluating the performance of quantitative forecasting techniques on new data sources. Thirdly, it is the first paper that makes the United States arrival predictions in Italy. Finally, the findings provide immediate valuable information to tourism stakeholders that could be used to make decisions.
Can dermatologists reach their full potential in teledermatology? A validation study of diagnostic performance of skin diseases in live video conferencing teledermatology
Authors: Fujimoto Atsushi , Hayashi Ryota , Iguchi Seitaro , Abe Riichiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe diagnostic accuracy rate of live videoconferencing (LVC) teledermatology, by board‐certified dermatologists compared to non‐dermatologists has not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of board‐certified dermatologists, dermatology specialty trainees, and board‐certified internists in LVC teledermatology. We examined the diagnostic accuracy of clinicians from different specialties in diagnosing the same group of patients. The clinicians were isolated from each other during the diagnosis process. We enrolled 18 volunteer physicians (six board‐certified dermatologists, six dermatology specialty trainees, and six board‐certified internists) who reviewed the skin conditions of 18 patients via LVC teledermatology. The diagnostic accuracy of the participating physicians was evaluated using the final diagnosis as the reference standard. The diagnostic accuracy averages were compared according to the physicians' specialties and disease categories. The mean ± standard deviation diagnostic accuracy of the most detailed level diagnosis was 83.3% ± 3.5% (range, 77.8%–89.0%) for board‐certified dermatologists, 53.7 ± 20.7% (range 27.8%–77.8%) for dermatology specialty trainees, and 27.8 ± 5.0% (range, 22.2%–33.3%) for board‐certified internists. Board‐certified dermatologists showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy, not only against board‐certified internists (p < 0.0001) but also against dermatology specialty trainees (p < 0.05). Disease categories with high accuracy rates (≥80%) only by board‐certified dermatologists were inflammatory papulosquamous dermatoses (87.5%), compared to 58.3%, and 20.8% for dermatology specialty trainees and board‐certified internists respectively). For inflammatory erythemas and other reactive inflammatory dermatoses the accuracy rates for board‐certified dermatologists, dermatology specialty trainees, and board‐certified internists were 83.3%, 33.3%, 8.3% respectively; for melanoma in situ neoplasms, 83.3%, 50.0%, 66.7% respectively), and for genetic disorders of keratinization 83.3%, 33.3%, and 0% respectively). Our findings showed that board‐certified dermatologists may have high diagnostic accuracy with practical safety and effectiveness in LVC teledermatology.
Co‐contribution Opportunities for Superannuation Funds and Policy‐Makers
Authors: Best Rohan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores enhancement opportunities for Australian Government co‐contributions to superannuation accounts. The article's empirical foundation includes the distributions for variables related to saving, investment and risk perceptions in the 2022 wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. As income or wealth increase, there are increases in the probabilities of individuals making additional superannuation contributions, having a saving horizon of at least five years, and being prepared to take more than average investment risks. Four policy changes are suggested in the article, with the potential for superannuation funds to independently implement some of these changes.
Evaluating the asymmetric effect of patents driven environmental technologies on environmental degradation in the E7 countries: An extended model of STIRPAT
Authors: Al‐Mulali Usama , Raboshuk Alina , Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre , Saboori Behnaz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research employed an extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) modelling providing original empirical evidence on how technological innovation with the presence of green finance, energy transition vectoring renewable and non‐renewable energy, population, affluence, and financial development affect environmental sustainability measured on the carbon emissions and ecological consequences in E7 during the 1996–2019 period. The study applied mean group (MG), pooled mean group (PMG), and dynamic fixed effects (DFE) after conducting various preliminary tests. The findings predominantly revealed that renewable energy, green finance, and the patent in environmental technologies play an important role in mitigating environmental degradation. However, non‐renewable energy, financial development, population growth, and affluence escalate environmental degradation in the emerging countries under investigation. The outcome of this research proved conclusively that it is vital to introduce the patent on environmental technologies to encourage the collaboration on technology development related to global climate change. Furthermore, enhancing international collaboration in research and technology will positively affect local businesses through utilizing the modern climate change mitigation.
Ventilator‐assisted preoxygenation in an aeromedical retrieval setting
Authors: Latona Akmez , Pellatt Richard , Wedgwood David , Keijzers Gerben , Grant Steven 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveVentilator‐assisted preoxygenation (VAPOX) is a method of preoxygenation and apnoeic ventilation which has been tried in hospital setting. We aimed to describe VAPOX during intubation of critically unwell patients in aeromedical retrieval setting.MethodsRetrospective observational study of VAPOX performed at LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine (LRM) between January 2018 and December 2022 across Queensland, Australia. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Descriptive statistics and paired Student's t‐tests were used to evaluate the efficacy of VAPOX on oxygen saturation (SpO2).ResultsVAPOX was used in 40 patients. Diagnoses included pneumonia (n = 11), COPD (n = 6) and neurological (n = 7). Patients were intubated in hospital (n = 36), in helicopter (n = 2) and ambulance (n = 2). Median VAPOX settings were: positive end‐expiratory pressure 6 (IQR 5–9), pressure support 10 (IQR 10–14) and back up respiratory rate 14 (IQR 11–18). Twelve agitated patients underwent delayed sequence induction with ketamine. There was a statistically significant increase in SpO2 after application of VAPOX (P < 0.001), followed by a slight decrease after intubation (P = 0.006). Mean SpO2 were significantly improved after intubation compared with on arrival of LRM (P = 0.016). Hypotension was present prior to VAPOX (n = 13), during VAPOX (n = 2) and post‐intubation (n = 15). Two patients had cardiac arrest. Three patients were started on VAPOX but subsequently failed. There were no significant oxygen depletion or aspiration events.ConclusionVAPOX can be considered for pre‐intubation optimisation in the retrieval environment. The incidence of post‐intubation critical hypoxia was low, and hypotension was high. Pre‐intubation respiratory physiology can be optimised by delivering variable pressure supported minute ventilation, achieving a low incidence of critical hypoxia.
Cross‐sectional survey of staff and family perspectives on the use of CCTV in Australian residential aged care
Authors: Porock Davina , Vafeas Caroline , Towell‐Barnard Mandy , Emery Laura , Doleman Gemma , Alan Janine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe staff and family members' opinions about closed‐circuit television (CCTV) in communal and private areas of residential aged care facilities (RACF), and to investigate how this relates to perceptions of care quality.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was developed to capture perceptions of CCTV's influence on care quality, and acceptable locations for CCTV placement. Data were recorded as ordinal‐scale and open responses. Non‐parametric tests of association were conducted.ResultsThe survey was completed by 81 staff and 74 family members. Both staff and family were satisfied with care quality and safety, irrespective of CCTV use. More family members were in favour of CCTV in both public and private areas, compared to staff who favoured public areas. Staff and family assumed there was real‐time monitoring, leading to a belief that CCTV monitoring would improve safety and prevent falls and abuse. Concerns were raised that CCTV could be used instead of improving staff‐to‐resident ratios and interaction.ConclusionsOverall, participants supported the use of CCTV more in public than in private areas and believed it reveals and prevents poor care. There was no association between CCTV use and satisfaction with care. Closed‐circuit television can have positive impacts if all stakeholders are involved in implementation.
CEO Risk Incentives and Innovation Premium*
Authors: Jung Mookwon , Park Jung Chul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between CEO risk incentives and the innovation premium (IP) proposed by Forbes. We suggest that compared to traditional proxies of innovation, the IP is a comprehensive measure of a firm's overall innovation and, therefore, can measure innovation effectiveness in broader industries. We find that both option vega and vega‐to‐delta ratio, as measures of CEO risk incentives, have a positive relationship with the IP. Additional tests reveal that the traditional patent‐related outputs are also motivated by CEO risk incentives, but only in the IT industry. Overall, our findings are consistent with (1) the empirical evidence of Coleset al.(2006,Journal of Financial Economics79, 431) that a higher vega after controlling for delta motivates managers to implement riskier policy choices and (2) the argument (Dittmannet al.2017,Review of Finance21, 1805) that the strength of the risk‐taking incentive relative to the performance‐based incentive, the vega‐to‐delta ratio, captures CEO risk‐taking incentives more accurately.
Yellow fever – An old foe with new developments
Authors: Grahn Emily , Picard Jacqueline , Henning Lars 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionYellow fever is caused by an RNA flavivirus. Immunisation in conjunction with vector control is at the forefront of yellow fever control and elimination.ObjectiveThis narrative review describes the impact and importance of yellow fever vaccinations for northern Australian health practitioners.DesignSelected key policies, studies and medical guidelines are reviewed and presented.FindingLarge yellow fever outbreaks, associated with vector spread, have occurred in the last decade in Africa and South America, increasing the risk of international spread of the virus. Mobile populations, like travellers or migrant workers, continue to be at risk of yellow fever. Quality assurance, including yellow fever centre accreditation and initiatives to decrease fraudulent yellow fever vaccination documentation, has evolved in the past few years. Fractional dosing of yellow fever vaccines has been shown to provide protection for 1 year in outbreak scenarios, but further studies are needed.DiscussionAlthough Australia is yellow fever‐free, the disease could be introduced by viraemic persons as a competent Aedes mosquito vector is present in northern Australia. In addition to surveillance and vector control, health education and yellow fever vaccination remain the best lines of defence. In the event of an outbreak, a response via fractional dosing could prove to be effective in controlling the virus.ConclusionHealth care providers in northern Australia should be aware of the risks of yellow fever and its introduction to northern Australia and be able to discuss vaccination status with their clients when needed.