bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zermelo's Cantorian Theory of Systems of Infinitely Long Propositions
Authors: Taylor R. Gregory 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn papers published between 1930 and 1935, Zermelo outlines a foundational program, with infinitary logic at its heart, that is intended to (1) secure axiomatic set theory as a foundation for arithmetic and analysis and (2) show that all mathematical propositions are decidable. Zermelo's theory of systems of infinitely long propositions may be termed “Cantorian” in that a logical distinction between open and closed domains plays a signal role. Well-foundedness and strong inaccessibility are used to systematically integrate highly transfinite concepts of demonstrability and existence. Zermelo incompleteness is then the analogue of the Problem of Proper Classes, and the resolution of these two anomalies is similarly analogous.
Isozyme evidence on the specific distinctness and phylogenetic position of Vicia incisa (Fabaceae)
Authors: Jaaska Vello 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Vicia incisa is a taxonomically controversial species that has been also treated as a subspecies of V. sativa because of a great morphological similarity. The phylogenetic position of V. incisa is uncertain because various DNA markers have provided contradictory results. Isozymes of V. incisa encoded by 15 loci and resolved with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) are described and compared with those of seven related species belonging to sections Vicia, Sepium, Lathyroides and Pseudolathyrus in order to get new evidence about its taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position. Phylogenetic relationships are analyzed with maximum parsimony and neighbour joining methods. Vicia incisa is shown to differ from all three subspecies of V. sativa including, sativa, cordata and nigra, by alternate variants of ten isozymes out of 15 analysed. Instead, V. incisa has much more similarity to V. grandiflora and V. sepium by sharing eight isozyme variants which differ from the subspecies of V. sativa. The most parsimony and neighbour joining analyses of the isozyme variation placed V. incisa as basally linked to the V. grandiflora and V. sepium species couple in the clade of section Sepium (= sect. Atossa), while the subspecies of V. sativa together with V. lathyroides formed a separate clade of section Vicia. The isozyme data provide further support to the species status of V. incisa.
Molecular evidences on the benefit of N-acetylcysteine in experimental colitis
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Esmaily Hadi , Baeeri Maryam , Mohammadirad Azadeh , Fallah Saeed , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent disease of the digestive tract with an unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to examine the possible protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the mouse model of IBD by measuring specific biomarkers in the colon cells. Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water (3%) for 7 days. Three doses of NAC (106, 160, and 240 mg/kg) were given after induction of colitis (4 days post DSS) for 4 days by gavage. Lipid peroxides (LP), total antioxidant power (TAP), total thiol molecules (TTM), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the colon homogenate of the treated animals. NAC (160 and 240 mg/kg) significantly decreased LP, TNF-α, NO and increased TTM, SOD, and CAT. The TAP was also increased by NAC (240 mg/kg). It is concluded that moderate to high doses of NAC improves cellular biomarkers of IBD in mice. Further studies should be trialled in humans suffering from two common inflammatory bowel disease called ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
The effect of vibratory disturbance on sexual behaviour of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)
Authors: Polajnar Jernej , Čokl Andrej 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The effect of vibratory disturbance on sexual behaviour and substrate-borne sound communication of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L. was studied. Disturbance signals do not change the time N. viridula males need to locate the source of vibratory signals, but decrease the number of males responding with the calling and courtship song to calling females. Female N. viridula proceed calling during stimulation with disturbance signals but some of them change the song rhythm by skipping one or more signal intervals or emitting the repelling signals. The number of females which change the dominant frequency of the calling song decreases proportionally with increasing differences between the dominant frequency of the disturbance signals and the emitted female calling song. Variation of the song dominant frequency probably serves females to avoid interference by increasing the signal to noise ratio. Signal duration and repetition rate do not change significantly when the female is stimulated with the disturbance signals. This indicates that frequency shift by calling females is the main strategy for reducing interference by competitive signalers in N. viridula vibrational communication.
Antiapoptotic activity maintenance of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and the C fragment of the tetanus toxin genetic fusion protein
Authors: Ciriza Jesús , García-Ojeda Marcos , Martín-Burriel Inmaculada , Agulhon Cendra , Miana-Mena Francisco , Muñoz Maria , Zaragoza Pilar , Brûlet Philippe , Osta Rosario 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Neurotrophic factors have been widely suggested as a treatment for multiple diseases including motorneuron pathologies, like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. However, clinical trials in which growth factors have been systematically administered to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients have not been effective, owing in part to the short half-life of these factors and their low concentrations at target sites. A possible strategy is the use of the atoxic C fragment of the tetanus toxin as a neurotrophic factor carrier to the motorneurons. The activity of trophic factors should be tested because their genetic fusion to proteins could alter their folding and conformation, thus undermining their neuroprotective properties. For this purpose, in this paper we explored the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) activity maintenance after genetic fusion with the C fragment of the tetanus toxin. We demonstrated that BDNF fused with the C fragment of the tetanus toxin induces the neuronal survival Akt kinase pathway in mouse cortical culture neurons and maintains its antiapoptotic neuronal activity in Neuro2A cells.
Proliferation of endothelial cells in neoangiogenesis of human cortical glioblastoma
Authors: Krstulja Mira , Bonifacic David , Cvejanović Slobodan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In 1982 Vilanova et al. quantitatively described the neovessel area in glioblastoma and suggested zonal differences in vessel surface area. In this study we investigated specific cell proliferation and angiogenic patterns in the vessel compartment of cortical glioblastoma. We used Ki67, CD34 and SMA double immunohistochemical staining to quantitate vascular patterns and cell specific proliferation and presented glioblastoma with several parameters of angiogenesis. Endothelial cell proliferation was higher in complex and bizzare neovessels than in the simple and sprouting glioblastoma neovessels. There was a higher frequency of sprouting simple vessels in close proximity to the palisade and a higher frequency of bizzare vessels in the microzone distant to the palisade. Quantitatively presented for the first time, the neovessel proliferation patterns support cortical glioblastoma compartmentalization. The data obtained are relevant to medical doctors using neoangiogenesis in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of neoplasia. The results obtained in 15 patients call for further investigation of endothelial cell/pericyte relationships and glioblastoma compartmentalization.
Enhanced stability regions for model predictive control of nonlinear process systems
Authors: Mahmood Maaz , Mhaskar Prashant 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe problem of predictive control of nonlinear process systems subject to input constraints is considered. The key idea in the proposed approach is to use control‐law independent characterization of the process dynamics subject to constraints via model predicative controllers to expand on the set of initial conditions for which closed–loop stability can be achieved. An application of this idea is presented to the case of linear process systems for which characterizations of the null controllable region (the set of initial conditions from where closed–loop stability can be achieved subject to input constraints) are available, but not practically implementable control laws that achieve stability from the entire null controllable region. A predictive controller is designed that achieves closed–loop stability for every initial condition in the null controllable region. For nonlinear process systems, while the characterization of the null controllable region remains an open problem, the set of initial conditions for which a (given) Lyapunov function can be made to decay is analytically computed. Constraints are formulated requiring the process to evolve within the region from where continued decay of the Lyapunov function value is achievable and incorporated in the predictive control design, thereby expanding on the set of initial conditions from where closed–loop stability can be achieved. The proposed method is illustrated using a chemical reactor example, and the robustness with respect to parametric uncertainty and disturbances demonstrated via application to a styrene polymerization process. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Disruption of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2) causes scoliosis
Authors: Kulkarni Shashikant , Nagarajan Prabakaran , Wall Jonathan , Donovan Diana J. , Donell Robert L. , Ligon Azra H. , Venkatachalam Sundaresan , Quade Bradley J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHerein we characterize an apparently balanced de novo translocation, t(X;15)(p22.2;q26.1)dn, in a female patient with scoliosis, hirsutism, learning problems, and developmental delay (DGAP025). Other clinical findings include a high‐arched palate, 2–3 syndactyly of the toes, and mildly elevated serum testosterone. No known or predicted genes are disrupted by the Xp22.2 breakpoint. The 15q26.1 breakpoint disrupts chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2). Another member of the chromatin‐remodeling gene family, CHD7, has been associated with a defined constellation of congenital anomalies known as coloboma, heart anomaly, choanal atresia, mental retardation, genital and ear anomalies syndrome (CHARGE) and idiopathic scoliosis. Monosomy of 15q26 also has been associated with a spectrum of congenital abnormalities and growth retardation that overlaps with those of DGAP025. To provide a biological correlate, we characterized a mutant mouse model with Chd2 disruption that is associated with embryonic and perinatal lethality. Expression analysis indicated that Chd2 is expressed in the heart, forebrain, extremities, facial and dorsal regions during specific times of embryonic development. Chd2+/m mice showed pronounced lordokyphosis, reduced body fat, postnatal runting, and growth retardation. These data suggest that haploinsufficiency for CHD2 could result in a complex of abnormal human phenotypes that includes scoliosis and possibly features similar to CHARGE syndrome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrachromosomal partial triplication of chromosome 13 secondary to a paternal duplication with mild phenotypic effect
Authors: López‐Expósito Isabel , Bafalliu Juan Antonio , Santos Mónica , Fuster Carme , Puche‐Mira Alberto , Guillén‐Navarro Encarna 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntrachromosomal triplications are rare and can be mistaken for duplications. The majority of triplications reported are de novo, mostly involving chromosome 15q, and have a middle inverted repeat. We report on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses of a patient with a novel triplication 13q21.1–q21.33 secondary to a familial duplication 13q21.1–q21.33 with mild phenotypic effect in three generations. The propositus was an 8‐year‐old boy referred because of language delay and mild mental retardation. His weight, height and OFC were above the 97th centile. He had delayed tooth eruption and subtle dysmorphic features. Chromosome analysis (550 band stage) showed extra material in 13q21. Family history was unremarkable except for adult‐onset sensorineural hearing loss in the father and paternal grandfather. Their karyotypes and those of both brothers of the propositus also showed an abnormal chromosome 13 but with less extra genetic material. FISH analysis with several BAC clones showed a triplication in the propositus between 204N9 and 184B18 (which mapped to 13q21.1 and 13q21.33, respectively) and a direct duplication for the same fragment (around 12 Mb) in the rest of the family members with the abnormal chromosome 13. The FISH signals did not show a middle inverted repeat. We describe the first intrachromosomal triplication 13q21.1–q21.33 derived from a paternal duplication. Meiotic instability in the transmission of a duplication has not been previously observed. Phenotypic variability may be explained by chromosomal non‐penetrance or dosage critical loci located in the triplicate/duplicate segment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional and genetic determinants of vitamin B and homocysteine metabolisms in neural tube defects: A multicenter case–control study
Authors: Candito Mirande , Rivet Romain , Herbeth Bernard , Boisson Catherine , Rudigoz René‐Charles , Luton Dominique , Journel Hubert , Oury Jean‐François , Roux François , Saura Robert , Vernhet Isabelle , Gaucherand Pascal , Muller Françoise , Guidicelli Béatrice , Heckenroth Hélène , Poulain Patrice , Blayau Martine , Francannet Christine , Roszyk Laurence , Brustié Cécile , Staccini Pascal , Gérard Philippe , Fillion‐Emery Nathalie , Guéant‐Rodriguez Rosa‐Maria , Van Obberghen Emmanuel , Guéant Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations due to failure of neural tube formation in early pregnancy. The proof that folic acid prevents NTDs raises the question of whether other parts of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism may affect rates of NTDs. This French case‐control study covered: 77 women aged 17–42 years sampled prior to elective abortion for a severe NTDs (cases) and 61 women aged 20–43 years with a normal pregnancy. Plasma and erythrocyte folate, plasma B6, B12 and Hcy were tested as five polymorphisms MTHFR 677 C → T, MTHFR 1298 A → C, MTR 2756 A → G, MTTR 66 A → G and TCN2 776 C → G. Cases had significantly lower erythrocyte folate, plasma folate, B12 and B6 concentrations than the controls, and higher Hcy concentration. The odds ratio was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.00–4.59) for women with the MTRR 66 A → G allele and it was decreased for mothers carrying the MTHFR 1298 A → C allele. In multivariate analysis, only the erythrocyte folate concentration (P = 0.005) and plasma B6 concentration (P = 0.020) were predictors. Red cell folate is the main determinant of NTDs in France. Folic acid supplement or flour fortification would prevent most cases. Increased consumption of vitamins B12 and B6 could contribute to the prevention of NTDs. Genetic polymorphisms played only a small role. Until folic acid fortification becomes mandatory, all women of reproductive age should consume folic acid in a multivitamin that also contains B12 and B6. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sotos syndrome: Antenatal presentation
Authors: Thomas Aidan , Lemire Edmond G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere is little published information regarding the clinical presentation of Sotos syndrome in pregnancy. In this report, we describe the antenatal presentation of a child subsequently diagnosed with Sotos syndrome by molecular analysis. The pregnancy was complicated by a positive maternal serum screen and abnormal ultrasound findings including macrocephaly, polyhydramnios and decreased fetal movements. This is the first report of an elevated Down syndrome risk in a pregnancy with confirmed Sotos syndrome. Sotos syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of newborns with a normal karyotype where the pregnancy has demonstrated an increased risk for Down syndrome by maternal serum screening, especially in the presence of supportive ultrasound findings. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using ancient mtDNA to reconstruct the population history of northeastern North America
Authors: Schultz Shook Beth Alison , Smith David Glenn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted and analyzed from the skeletal remains of 44 individuals, representing four prehistoric populations, and compared to that from two other prehistoric and several contemporary Native American populations to investigate biological relationships and demographic history in northeastern North America. The mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of ancient human remains from the Morse (Red Ocher tradition, 2,700 BP) and Orendorf (Mississippian tradition, 800 BP) sites from the Central Illinois River Valley, and the Great Western Park (Western Basin tradition, 800 BP) and Glacial Kame (2,900 BP) populations from southwestern Ontario, change over time while maintaining a regional continuity between localities. Haplotype patterns suggest that some ancestors of present day Native Americans in northeastern North America have been in that region for at least 3,000 years but have experienced extensive gene flow throughout time, resulting, at least in part, from a demic expansion of ancestors of modern Algonquian‐speaking people. However, genetic drift has also been a significant force, and together with a major population crash after European contact, has altered haplogroup frequencies and caused the loss of many haplotypes. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice
Authors: Andrushko Valerie A. , Verano John W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, patterns of prehistoric trepanation in the southern highlands of Peru were examined through an analysis of 11 Cuzco‐region burial sites. Trepanations were found in 66 individuals, with several individuals exhibiting more than one trepanation, for a total of 109 perforations observed. The predominant methods used were circular cutting and scraping—methods that proved highly successful with an overall 83% survival rate and little ensuing infection. Survival rates showed a significant increase over time, apparently reflecting improvements in trepanation technique through experimentation and practical experience. Practitioners avoided certain areas of the cranium and employed methods that reduced the likelihood of damage to the cerebral meninges and venous sinuses. In many cases, trepanation as a medical treatment appears to have been prompted by cranial trauma, a finding that corroborates other studies pointing to cranial trauma as a primary motivation for the surgical procedure. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapamycin prevents epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Zeng Ling‐Hui , Xu Lin , Gutmann David H. , Wong Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) represents one of the most common genetic causes of epilepsy. TSC gene inactivation leads to hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, raising the intriguing possibility that mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors might be effective in preventing or treating epilepsy in patients with TSC. Mice with conditional inactivation of the Tsc1 gene primarily in glia (Tsc1GFAPCKO mice) develop glial proliferation, progressive epilepsy, and premature death. Here, we tested whether rapamycin could prevent or reverse epilepsy, as well as other cellular and molecular brain abnormalities in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice.MethodsTsc1GFAPCKO mice and littermate control animals were treated with rapamycin or vehicle starting at postnatal day 14 (early treatment) or 6 weeks of age (late treatment), corresponding to times before and after onset of neurological abnormalities in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice. Mice were monitored for seizures by serial video‐electroencephalogram and for long‐term survival. Brains were examined histologically for astrogliosis and neuronal organization. Expression of phospho‐S6 and other molecular markers correlating with epileptogenesis was measured by Western blotting.ResultsEarly treatment with rapamycin prevented the development of epilepsy and premature death observed in vehicle‐treated Tsc1GFAPCKO mice. Late treatment with rapamycin suppressed seizures and prolonged survival in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice that had already developed epilepsy. Correspondingly, rapamycin inhibited the abnormal activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, astrogliosis, and neuronal disorganization, and increased brain size in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice.InterpretationRapamycin has strong efficacy for preventing seizures and prolonging survival in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice. Ann Neurol 2008
Synthesis and Anti‐inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Novel 7‐Alkoxy‐1‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazole[4,3‐a]quinolines
Authors: Sun Xian‐Yu , Wei Cheng‐Xi , Chai Kyu‐Yun , Piao Hu‐Ri , Quan Zhe‐Shan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, a novel series of 7‐alkoxy‐1‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazole[4,3‐a]quinolines were synthesized by using 6‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2(1H)‐quinolone as the starting material. These compounds were evaluated for anti‐inflammatory activity through monitoring their ability to inhibit xylene‐induced ear edema in mice. Some of the tested compounds exhibited significant activity, and the compounds 5f (7‐(benzyloxy)‐4,5‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐1‐amine) and 5i (7‐(p‐chlorobenzyloxy)‐4,5‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐1‐amine) showed the highest anti‐inflammatory activity (52% and 58% inhibition, respectively, at 2 h pre‐administration) which were comparable to or even slightly more potent than the reference drug ibuprofen (55%). Furthermore, the structure‐activity relationship of these 1,2,4‐triazole quinolines was demonstrated.
Thalidomide as a Multi‐Template for Development of Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThalidomide is a teratogenic/hypnotic/sedative agent which elicits a wide range of pharmaceutical/biological activities. The diversity of its biological activities suggested that the drug might be useful as a multi‐template for development of various kinds of biologically active compounds. We adopted two strategies for the structural development of thalidomide. The first was to develop the structure of the drug based on the target molecules to which thalidomide itself and/or its metabolites directly bind, or the assay systems in which thalidomide itself and/or its metabolites exhibit activity. Based on this strategy, tumor necrosis factor‐α production‐regulating agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, anti‐angiogenic agents, and tubulin polymerization inhibitors have been created. The second was to develop the structure of thalidomide based on hypothetical target molecule(s)/biological response(s) which might be relevant to the pharmacological effects elicited by thalidomide. Based on this strategy, androgen antagonists, progesterone antagonists, cell differentiation inducers, aminopeptidase inhibitors, thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors, μ‐calpain inhibitors, α‐glucosidase inhibitors and nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs) antagonists have been created. Our structural development studies on thalidomide are reviewed focusing on recent development of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, α‐glucosidase inhibitors, and nuclear liver X receptors antagonists.