bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Incubators in University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems through Knowledge Spillovers
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Theodoraki Christina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While academic entrepreneurship literature supports the view that universities are essential engines of economic development, especially in knowledge-based societies, there is still a need for a historical view of the challenges and transformations faced by universities in terms of knowledge spillover out of the university. This chapter emphasizes that there is a blind spot in assuming knowledge will naturally spread, referred to as the knowledge filter. In response to this gap, universities act as catalysts in building entrepreneurial societies by helping students to create successful new ventures, providing skilled labour to existing firms, and diffusing a supportive entrepreneurial culture. This phenomenon has been conceptualized in previous literature as a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem. The latter describes the role of the university and its internal and external impacts on the entrepreneurial society. Several knowledge-transfer mechanisms have been created to effectively link educational and support programmes to enhance entrepreneurial activity. Within this ecosystem, knowledge-transfer mechanisms such as university incubators have a vital role for commercializing knowledge through innovation activity. This chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of the effective role of university incubators within the university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem and how they contribute to the entrepreneurial society through knowledge spillover. The chapter’s insights support the view that incubators act as intermediaries in connecting the university and the entrepreneurial society. Thus, well-embedded incubators in both contexts benefit from human capital facilitating the transformation of the knowledge base into economic growth. This chapter provides insights for both ecosystem actors and university leaders who wish to build sustainable and efficient university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Policies for Creating Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Feldman Maryann , Oh Joonho 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews evidence on policy to promote the development and evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems. We argue that policy plays a pivotal but underappreciated role in the creation and development of ecosystems. From prior studies of entrepreneurial ecosystems and clusters, we derive three roles that policy can play to create healthy entrepreneurial ecosystems: seeding actions, creating opportunities, and creating support. Public investments in individuals’ capacity create favourable conditions for the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Policy can also create new opportunities that entrepreneurs can exploit beyond just fixing existing markets. Entrepreneurial processes that consist of collective actions of entrepreneurs and diverse stakeholders in entrepreneurial ecosystems can be promoted by local entrepreneurship support infrastructure shaped by policy. The three roles imply the transition of policymakers’ perspectives from strategic planning to the strategic management of places, in line with metaphors such as those of being a curator and feeder, as suggested by the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature. Implications for each role of policy are also offered.
How the Radical Right Has Changed Capitalism and Welfare in Europe and the USA
Authors: Rathgeb Philip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Radical right parties are no longer political challengers on the fringes of party systems; they have become part of the political mainstream across the Western world. This book shows how they have used their political power to reform economic and social policies in Continental Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and the USA. In doing so, it argues that the radical right’s core ideology of nativism and authoritarianism informs their socio-economic policy preferences. However, diverse welfare state contexts mediate their socio-economic policy impact along regime-specific lines, leading to variations of trade protectionism, economic nationalism, traditional familialism, labour market dualism, and welfare chauvinism. The radical right has used the diverse policy instruments available within their political-economic arrangements to protect threatened labour market insiders and male breadwinners from decline, while creating a racialized and gendered precariat at the same time. This socio-economic agenda of selective status protection restores horizontal inequalities in terms of gender and ethnicity, without addressing vertical inequalities between the rich and the poor. Combining insights from comparative politics, party politics, comparative political economy, and welfare state research, the book provides novel insights into how the radical right manufactures consent for authoritarian rule by taming the socially corrosive effects of globalized capitalism for key electoral groups, while aiming to exclude the rest from democratic participation.
Labour diversification by households 2008–2013
Authors: Khan Rumman , Morrissey Oliver 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter uses three waves of Tanzanian National Panel Surveys (2008/09, 2010/11, and 2012/13) to construct a panel from 3,676 households that appear in at least two waves to explore the effect of income diversification on household welfare measured in terms of food consumption. The analysis considers four sources of labour income in addition to farming. Increasing diversification is associated with higher welfare, but there are differences by gender and activity type. Non-agricultural wage employment is clearly beneficial, irrespective of gender, and has had relatively high growth. Non-agricultural self-employment is a welfare-increasing diversification strategy, especially in rural areas (although females benefit more than males in urban areas), but growth has been slow. Agricultural wage employment has been a major source of increased employment for females from poorer rural households but appears to be chosen as the only available option as it is not associated with increasing household consumption.
Implications for making the achievements sustainable
Authors: Morrissey Oliver , Semboja Joseph , Were Maureen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter draws together the lessons for addressing the challenges and maximizing opportunities to ensure the sustainability of development in Tanzania, particularly vis-à-vis global challenges. The analyses of firms highlight the importance of technology, innovation, market access, and developing linkages to support competitiveness and the sustainable growth of firms. Other chapters identify the importance of income diversification. Cross-cutting themes emerge on the need for technology and infrastructure to increase productivity and employment of firms, investment in human capital to reduce gender inequalities and upgrade or equip workers. The coming years will be challenging for Tanzania given the precarious state of the global economy, with climate change exacerbating pressures. But progress made in earlier years is not all lost. The analysis in this volume identifies some of the growth drivers—such as financial inclusion and engagement in regional trade and integration—and measures to increase the resilience of firms and households.
In Dialogue with Dickens
Authors: Bodenheimer Rosemarie , Davis Philip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Written in the form of a back-and-forth dialogue between the two authors, this book is about the relationship between feeling and thinking in Dickens’s novels. It presents Dickens as a psychological thinker whose generative thought may be conscious, unconscious, half-conscious, or in transit between one state and another. This Dickens is always in live process, improvising from one monthly number to the next, subtly revising as he goes, shifting moods, tenses, and tones from one paragraph or sentence to the next, as what he writes sparks off what he suddenly, newly, thinks. The chapters approach this inquiry through close readings of chosen passages, including studies of telling revisions in Dickens’s manuscripts that reveal the power of his deepened second thoughts. They also draw on selected moments from his personal letters and prefaces when these more casual writings prove to be sketches or rehearsals for thoughts and feelings that achieve new life when they are transformed into fiction. The book concentrates on four novels of his great middle period: Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, and Little Dorrit, while making excursions into earlier and later Dickens novels, notably A Tale of Two Cities and Our Mutual Friend. The experiment of intense but informal conversation between the authors also models the relationship between feeling and thinking in the act of reading and responding to powerful moves in fiction.
State Transformation and China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Hu Ran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As China’s presence continues to grow across the world, the concerns with its global presence also increase. The chapter analyses China’s most ambitious plan, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Departing from the assumption that BRI is a coherent and well-thought-out strategy, the chapter investigates its internal politics and presents a full picture of its formulation process from the inside-out perspective of domestic political dynamics. Employing the concept of state transformation characterized by a dialect process of decentralization and recentralization, it finds out that the definition of BRI at the beginning was inconsistent and its practices incoherent, and that BRI was gradually made to be what it is now—a coherent initiative—through a series of recentralizing efforts. The chapter concludes with a reflection on what this inside-out approach to BRI implies about China’s growing power and its impact on the liberal international order.
Illiberal Rationalism?
Authors: Szunomár Ágnes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that political—rather than economic—considerations seem to be more relevant to understanding the Chinese-Hungarian relationship, particularly after the formulation of Orban’s illiberal democracy. Hungary has become more open to Chinese business opportunities, especially after the global economic and financial crisis, with the intention of decreasing its economic dependency on Western (European) markets. Disappointment coming from the slower-than-expected catching-up processes also resulted in the country’s turning towards the East, which is further reinforced by populistic tendencies in the past one decade. To this end, the chapter gives a brief overview of the history of the relations between Hungary and China, presents the main trends and patterns of economic relations, then analyses the motivations of both China and Hungary, with a special focus on political rationale.
China’s Normative Influence in Europe
Authors: Boni Filippo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Italy’s decision to become the first G7 country to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with China on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2019 has sparked debates about China’s growing clout in Europe, and the political implications deriving from it. Against such a backdrop, the analysis assesses whether China’s economic activities in Italy have translated into political influence within the country. Conceptually grounded within the framework of strategic narratives, the empirical parts of the chapter draw on a critical discourse analysis of 219 articles published on the ANSA news agency website, as well as on the official statements and publications of one of Italy’s ruling parties, the Five Stars Movement, in the 2018–2022 period. The chapter argues that while claims that Italy has shifted its strategic posture as a result of its engagement with China are overblown, China’s influence in the country, among some political parties, has increased.
Higher-Order Logic as Metaphysics
Authors: Goodman Jeremy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an opinionated introduction to higher-order formal languages with an eye towards their applications in metaphysics. A simply relationally typed higher-order language is introduced in four stages: starting with first-order logic, adding first-order predicate abstraction, generalizing to higher-order predicate abstraction, and finally adding higher-order quantification. It is argued that both β-conversion and Universal Instantiation are valid on the intended interpretation of this language. Given these two principles, it is then shown how we can use pure higher-order logic to ask, and begin to answer, metaphysical questions with non-trivial implications. In particular, while we must reject the popular idea that structural differences between sentences correspond to parallel distinctions in the logical structure of extra-linguistic reality, it may still be possible to give a purely logical characterization of objectual aboutness and related notions.
Pure Logic and Higher-Order Metaphysics
Authors: Menzel Christopher 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quine famously defended two theses that have fallen rather dramatically out of fashion: first, that properties, relations, and propositions are “creatures of darkness” that ultimately have no place in respectable philosophical circles and, second, that higher-order logic is, at worst, confused and, at best, a quirky notational alternative to standard first-order logic. Thanks both to formal developments in possible world semantics and concomitant philosophical developments in metaphysics, Quine’s first thesis has come as close to refutation as a philosophical thesis can. However, current trends notwithstanding, in this paper I argue that there are still good reasons to think that the battle for Quine’s second thesis is not yet lost. Specifically, in §1 I will argue that our most basic logical and semantical intuitions suggest that the correct framework for logic is first-order, type-free, and hyperintensional: properties, relations, and propositions exist alongside other things in a single domain of quantification; and propositions, in particular, have very fine-grained identity conditions. In §2 I will flesh out the formal foundations of a logic exhibiting these characteristics and, in §3, I will apply it to two propositional paradoxes — the Prior-Kaplan paradox and the Russell-Myhill paradox — that are often taken to threaten the sort of account I have defended here.
Menzel on Pure Logic and Higher-Order Metaphysics
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In ‘Pure Logic and Higher-Order Metaphysics’ (this volume), Christopher Menzel presents and defends a type-free theory of structured propositions and of properties, based on first-order logic. He contrasts it favourably with the higher-order intensional approach I take in Modal Logic as Metaphysics (Williamson 2013). In this chapter, I will discuss some distinctive aspects of Menzel’s account, and explain problems for them, problems that do not arise for the higher-order intensional approach.
Moving Together in Music and Dance
Authors: Madison Guy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Music and dance require coordination in time. This can take many different forms, including simple synchronization, and is often referred to as entrainment. Although entrainment abilities are present in several non-human species to varying degrees, humans can entrain to complex signals and adapt almost instantly and effortlessly to both small and large temporal changes, while at the same time performing complex, coordinated movement patterns. This chapter reviews significant features of human entrainment that realistic models of entrainment should be able to account for. Different strands of data suggest that a viable model consists of a neural representation of a hierarchical time structure superimposed on a regular beat, as reflected in the metrical structure of music. This temporal grid provides an optimized representation of both short and long time intervals with sufficient precision for functional synchrony, as well as a framework for very complex temporal patterns. The beat is an iterative temporal prediction based on recent events, adaptive to both gradual and sudden tempo changes.
The ‘Synchrony Effect’ in Dance
Authors: Woolhouse Matthew H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although dance can be soloistic, in most cases it is a coordinated, synchronized, and participatory activity that facilitates social bonding. This fact, and the notion that dance is a specific type of human action, readily differentiable from general motoric movement, raises the question of how and why dancing in synchrony affects group cohesion. This chapter summarizes three studies investigating the relationship of music–dance synchrony to interpersonal memory and aesthetic attractiveness—key components of social bonding. Study 1 looked at the effects of moving in tempo versus out of tempo on one’s memory of for other dancers; those who danced to synchronous beats remembered more about each other; Study 2 indicated that this was due (at least in part) to increased gaze time between in-tempo dancers. Study 3 showed that the aesthetic attractiveness of dance couples largely depends on their level of music–movement synchrony. The results support the notion that dance influences the eye movements of observers, which, in turn, is linked to its ability to promote social cohesion.
Changes in Psychological Time When Attending to Different Temporal Structures in Music
Authors: Wöllner Clemens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Music is an ephemeral form of art that works simultaneously on different structural levels, and may alter one’s experiences of time. This chapter reviews research on the perception of small- to large-scale temporal intervals in music, as well as thresholds for perception, working memory, and sensorimotor synchronization. Recent experiments with music ranging from 10 to 40 s in duration have found evidence for time dilations when synchronizing with different metrical levels of the same music. These changes in time perception can further be shaped by musical complexity or event density, by the listeners’ familiarity with the music, and their physiological arousal. It is argued that music not only facilitates the flexible coordination of joint activities such as dance, music may even have evolvedas a mechanism for altering the subjective passage of time, and for understanding the nature of time itself.
Punishment
Authors: Griffiths Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The public punishment of petty crime through whipping, stocking, ducking, and pillorying was one important part of ‘manifestaccon’ that was subject to the same vulnerabilities. Each punishment is broken down by offence, offender, and number. Discretion is measured in the number of ‘duscksyings’ or ‘strypes’, time (hours in stocks or pillories), length (along streets and across markets), and softer handling due to status, character, health, or age. Like hangings, these ‘lesser’ penalties were choreographed, scripted, and timed in locations that were meant to maximize the size of audiences. They were arranged around workaday practices and locations like market squares or main streets. Most were completed without major hitches, marred at worst by overly boisterous spectators. But there were enough ‘disorders and bad examples’ to give governors food for thought. Disruption was a factor in the abolition of public hanging and there is little reason to think any differently about the decline of publicly punishing crime. Neglect, vandalism, and appropriation through ‘unlawful’ punishment emphasized the need to keep control of representations in local settings. Starting in the second half of the sixteenth century, the advantages of punishing inside began to be seen more favourably than the alternative of punishing before ‘a publique concourse’. Ideas and practices of ‘private’ punishment were pervasive in these fields of ‘lesser’ crimes long before c.1680–c.1820, which is often said to constitute a decisive turning point. More people were punished inside rather than outside in ‘publicke’ in the seventeenth century, when languages of ‘private punishment’ first emerged.
Lifting New Voices
Authors: Checkoway Barry 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter raises the central question, which guides the work and reappears throughout the book: What are some strategies for increasing youth dialogues on race and ethnicity in metropolitan areas, which are becoming both more segregated and more diverse? It examines the rationale for this question, its underlying assumptions, its knowledge base, and its contribution to the field. The book features phenomena in a specific metropolitan area, but deal with them in terms of their larger significance. Indeed, the book is about more than a place, but raises questions about racial segregation, social diversity, young people and adult allies as change agents, and the roles of universities and their community partners in the struggle for social justice.
Knights and Princesses
Authors: Hayes Kelly E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Valley doctrine teaches that masculinity and femininity are complementary energetic polarities that form a dynamic whole when combined, as exemplified in the (idealized) relationship between Aunt Neiva and Mário Sassi. This binary gender ideology is a constitutive element of the movement’s understanding of human nature as well as its division of labor, organizational hierarchies, and ritual life. Despite the language of complementarity, however, this chapter shows that the Valley’s gender ideology systematically privileges masculinity over femininity when it comes to positions of greatest authority and public leadership within the community. In practice, then, the Valley sanctions conventional meanings assigned to male and female bodies by projecting them onto a transcendent spiritual dimension. In doing so, it recasts gender not as a social artifact—a product of human social arrangements, preferences, and prejudices—but as an immutable cosmic law.
Prayer
Authors: Rubio Julie Hanlon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter asks, “How does a feminist pray?” In generations past, Catholic sacramental life was a key reason feminists gave for staying in the church. For some that remains truer than ever, but for others, communal prayer is at least as often a great source of frustration. Still, for many, prayer is less troubling than other hard cases considered in the book. However, the author argues that Catholic prayer should be troubling for a feminist. This chapter explains feminist critiques of traditional prayer practices, maps the overlap in Catholic and feminist thinking about spirituality, and describes adaptive prayer practices in contemporary feminist communities of different ideological persuasions. By squarely facing the problem of prayer and showing the resilient adaptations of a spectrum of practitioners, this chapter uncovers a Catholic feminist approach to prayer that allows for ambiguity and creativity.
“Old Abe Is Not Feared in This Region”: The Revival of Confederate Slave Commerce
Authors: Colby Robert K.D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 offers a counterpoint to Chapter 2 by depicting the revival of the slave trade that occurred in areas where Confederates continued to hold sway. Between the summer of 1862 and the summer of 1863, the Confederacy won a number of signal victories—the Seven Days battles, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and more—that restored enslavers’ confidence that their slaveholding republic would win its independence. Even setbacks like Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg did little to deter them from buying and selling people. As a result, more and more people entered the Confederate States of America’s slave markets and investment in them increased in Confederate cities like Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and Atlanta.