bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma and Posttraumatic Reactions in German Development Aid Workers: Prevalences and Relationship to Social Acknowledgement
Authors: Jones Bronwyn , Müller Julia , Maercker Andreas 
Published: April 2006

Background: While on duty abroad developmental aid workers (DAWs) are at risk of being traumatised. We investigated the prevalence of traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and subsyndromal PTSD as well as associations with duty features and the psychological variable of social acknowledgement as victim or survivor. Method: A total of 312 developmental aid workers from the governmental German Development Service (DED) were surveyed by use of a trauma list, demographic questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Social Acknowledgement Questionnaire (SAQ). In addition, participants answered an open question concerning the amelioration of the DED's care provision. Results: Some 47% of the surveyed DAWs had experienced and 7% of them had witnessed traumatic events while on duty abroad. A total of 16% developed either full or partial PTSD with the highest conditional PTSD probability after rape (33%) and life-threats (23%). Experience of traumatic events was correlated to duration of duties and number of duties, while PTSD symptomatology was associated with self-perceived general disapproval as a trauma victim. Conclusions: DAWs on duty in foreign countries experience more traumatic events compared with other German representative population samples. PTSD prevalences are also higher than those of German population samples. The association between rejection as a victim of trauma and PTSD severity indicates a possible starting-point for the development of PTSD prevention specific to this profession. Implications of the study are discussed with regard to participants' suggestions on how to handle traumatic experiences while on duty abroad.
The Vietnamese Version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) in Detecting Mental Disorders in Rural Vietnam: A Validation Study
Authors: Giang Kim Bao , Allebeck Peter , Kullgren Gunnar , van Tuan Nguyen 
Published: April 2006

Background: There is a need to develop instruments to measure mental disorders in developing countries because mental disorders are increasingly being recognised as a major public health problem. There has been no previous study in Vietnam validating screening instruments for mental health problems. Aim: To adapt and to validate the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) in the Vietnamese community. Methods: A Vietnamese version of the SRQ-20 was developed and tested in 52 persons in a district hospital sample and 485 persons in a community sample. The psychiatrists' diagnoses were taken as the validity criterion. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the optimal cut-off value. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the performance of SRQ in different sociodemographic groups. Results: In the district hospital sample, the optimal cut-off score was 5/6 with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 46% and an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59–0.89). In the community sample, it was 6/7 with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 61% and AUC of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93). In terms of AUC, SRQ performed significantly better in the age group 18–24 years as compared with other ages and with single persons as compared with widowed or divorced people. Conclusion: The SRQ-20 was found feasible to use and adapt to the Vietnamese setting. We confirmed the value of this instrument for use in developing countries, but the optimal cut-off limit has to be assessed and determined according to local conditions.
Suicide Risk in Relation to Social Class: A National Register-Based Study of Adult Suicides in Korea, 1999–2001
Authors: Kim Moon-Doo , Hong Seong-Chul , Lee Sang-Yi , Kwak Young-Sook , Lee Chang-In , Hwang Seung-Wook , Shin Tae-Kyun , Lee Seung-Min , Shin Ji-Nam 
Published: April 2006

Background: Few controlled studies have examined social class as a risk factor for suicide in Korea. Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of social class on suicide risk in Korea. Methods: A case-control design was constructed from cause-of-death statistics for the period 1999 to 2001, in Korea, as published by the Korean National Statistical Office. The cases were defined as people aged between 20 and 64 who died by suicide, while the controls were defined as those who died of natural causes in the same age groups. Results and conclusions: The proportions and odds ratios for suicide were higher in young people than in elderly people, and higher for divorced subjects than for cohabitants. They were also higher for residents of rural areas, as opposed to residents of Seoul and other metropolitan areas, and for people in social classes III and IV, than they were for those in social class I. To control the variables that influence risk of suicide, such as age, marital status and area of residence, we used multiple logistic regression. Compared with class I, risk of suicide was higher in social classes III and IV, in both sexes. The principal conclusion of this study is that, regardless of sex, lower social class constitutes a high risk for suicide in Korea, even after controlling for variables such as age, marital status and area of residence. We conclude that a well-controlled and balanced social welfare system could reduce suicide risk, especially among people in lower social class.
The Measurement of Social Disablement and Assessment of Psychometric Properties of the Social Behaviour Schedule (SBS-BR) in 881 Brazilian Long-Stay Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Lima Lúcia Abelha , Gonçalves Sylvia , Pereira Basílio Bragança , Lovisi Giovanni Marcos 
Published: April 2006

Background: Data on the prevalence of social disablement in long-stay psychiatric patients, and the assessment of the psychometric properties of the instruments that evaluate social behaviour in this population are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence rates of social disablement in a population of long-stay psychiatric patients from the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, and assessed the psychometric properties of the Social Behaviour Schedule (SBS). Method: Data were collected from a population of 881 psychiatric patients housed in the Municipal Mental Health Institute using the 21-item SBS. Results: Most of the patients were women (59%), the mean age was 65.8 years (SD = 11) and the mean length of stay was 37.3 years (SD = 11.5). Of the population,-50.6% were scored as having poor self-care, 46% with little spontaneous communication, 41.1% with poor attention span, and 37.1% with underactivity. Comparing our data with international studies that used the same instrument, we found that our population was more disabled than the others, especially on the social withdrawal factor. Regarding psychometric properties, the inter-rater kappa was 0.709, the inter-informant kappa was 0.500, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.766. The groups of patients in the six settings of the institute presented significant statistical differences in the total score (F = 11.447, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the high rates of social disablement in this population. The precarious conditions of the institution where the patients have been living for decades and unmet individual care may have exacerbated their social disablement. Furthermore, the SBS-BR had satisfactory psychometric properties, particularly reliability, showing it to be an adequate instrument for measuring social disablement in Brazil.
Optimism and Pessimism in Kuwaiti and American College Students
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed , Lester David 
Published: April 2006

Background: Cross-cultural comparisons in optimism (O) and pessimism (P) are few. Kuwait and the United States have different languages, situations, history and culture. On this basis, there is good reason to hypothesise that there are significant differences between the two countries in O and P. Aims: To explore the differences in, and correlates of, O and P in Kuwaiti and American college students. Method: Two samples of male and female undergraduates were recruited from Kuwait (N = 460) and the United States (N = 273). Their mean ages were 21.9 3.0 and 23.2 6.5, respectively. All respondents completed the Arabic Scale of Optimism and Pessimism (ASOP), the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, the Ego-grasping Scale, the Death Obsession Scale, the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale and the Arabic Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Kuwaitis responded to the scales in Arabic, and Americans responded in English. Results: The ASOP displayed good internal consistency, a meaningful factorial structure and interpretable factors in both countries. It was found that O correlated negatively with the above scale scores, while the correlations of P were positive, indicating the convergent validity of the ASOP. The Kuwaiti mean score on O was significantly lower than the mean of their American counterparts, and vice versa for P. Conclusion: The findings are explained in the light of previous results on personality and psychopathology questionnaires in Kuwaiti and American societies. There is a need to investigate O and P in different cultures.
Psychometric Properties of a Persian-Language Version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire: ATQ-Persian
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Habibollah , Mojtabai Ramin , Karamghadiri Narges , Ebrahimkhani Narges 
Published: April 2006

Aims: To examine the psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of Hollon and Kendall's (1980) Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-Persian) – a measure of negative automatic thoughts in depression. Methods: In a sample of 125 student volunteers from two Iranian universities we assessed the internal consistency and test–retest reliability of ATQ-Persian, and examined its concurrent validity against the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996). We also examined the factor structure of the test through comparing the fit of various proposed factor-analytic models to the data using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: ATQ-Persian had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96), test–retest reliability ( r = 0.84) and correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory ( r = 0.77). Using a receiver operating characteristics curve, a score of 53 on ATQ-Persian was associated with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 78% for detecting moderate to severe depression defined through Beck Depression Inventory. None of the proposed factorial models fitted the data well. However, models with correlated factors generally provided better fit than models with orthogonal factors, suggesting that the latent factors underlying ATQ-Persian are highly correlated. Conclusions: These data support the reliability and validity of ATQ-Persian as a measure of negative automatic thoughts in depression.
Homelessness and Mental Illness: A Literature Review and a Qualitative Study of Perceptions of the Adequacy of Care
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Shanahan Lisa , Harding Geoff 
Published: April 2006

Background: Homelessness and mental illness together confer significant morbidity and mortality because of physical health problems. Healthcare provision is undergoing significant review, and, as part of the Department of Health's policy reforms, the service user's view is central to the future restructuring of NHS services. Material: A literature review of homeless service users' perceptions of services for homeless mentally ill people was supplemented by a qualitative in-depth survey of 10 homeless people. This article reports on their views about the services they receive. Mismatch between expectations and provision, disputes with healthcare providers, dissatisfaction with the degree to which they have choice in their care, and suspicions about the intentions of health professionals demonstrate the extent to which powerlessness and social exclusion are replicated in healthcare economies. The inadequacy of hostels and their staff are also emphasised, with some recommendations for services. Discussion and conclusions: There are few data on homeless people's perceptions of services for mental health problems. Homeless people have strong views about the adequacy of services to meet their needs. They were particularly concerned about stigma, prejudice and the inadequacy and complexity of services that they have to use. This article reports their recommendations for change.
Social work ethics
Authors: Congress Elaine , McAuliffe Donna 
Published: April 2006

English This article compares and contrasts two main areas of the Australian and US codes of ethics for social workers. These have been selected for comparison because recent revisions in their provisions about dual relationships and confidentiality raise challenging questions about acceptable practice standards. French Cet article compare et contraste deux grands domaines des codes d'éthique pour les travailleurs sociaux d'Australie et des Etats-Unis. Ces deux codes d'éthique ont été sélectionnés pour comparaison en raison de leurs récentes révisions aux niveaux des 'relations doubles' et de la confidentialité. Ces questions posent des défis de taille quant aux normes de pratiques acceptables. Spanish Se comparan dos áreas principales de los códigos de trabajo social de Australia y de los Estados Unidos. Se eligieron estos dos códigos para comparación porque sus revisiones recientes acerca de relaciones duales y de secreto profesional suscitan cuestiones difíciles acerca de estándares aceptables.
Organizational innovation
Authors: Jaskyte Kristina , Kisieliene Audrone 
Published: April 2006

English This article examines the correlatesof innovativeness in nonprofit human-service organizations of Lithuania and the United States. The study assesses the relationships between innovativeness, organizational culture and leadership in 40 organizations (19 in the United States and 21 in Lithuania). Results are discussed along with implications for social work practice. French Cet article examine l'innovation entre les organismes de services humanitaires à but non lucratif de la Lituanie et des Etats-Unis. L'étude affirme qu'il y a une relation entre l'innovation, la culture organisationnelle et le concept de 'leadership' au sein de 40 organismes (19 aux Etats-Unis et 21 en Lituanie). Les implications pour la pratique du travail social sont examinées dans la discussion des résultats. Spanish Se examinan los correlatos de innovación en organizaciones de servicios humanos no lucrativas en Lituania y los EE.UU. Se evalúan las relaciones entre innovación, cultura de la organización y liderazgo en 40 organizaciones (19 en los EE.UU. y 21 en Lituania). Se examinan los resultados junto con las implicaciones para el trabajo social.
The success factors in community work services
Authors: Weyers Michael L. , van den Berg Andriette M. 
Published: April 2006

English The article contains the results of a study in which the critical incident technique (CIT) was used to determine success factors in community work services. The results were also compared with those of a typical opinion survey. The CIT proved to be a more neutral and effective research tool. French Cet article révèle les résultats d'une recherche pour laquelle la technique d'incidents critiques (TIC) a été utilisée afin de déterminer les facteurs de succès dans la dispensation des services communautaires. Les résultats ont également été comparés à ceux d'un sondage d'opinions dites typiques. Cette étude prouve que la TIC est un instrument plus neutre et plus efficace que le sondage d'opinions typiques. Spanish Se dan los resultados de un estudio en el que se usó la técnica de incidente cr'tico (critical incident technique, CIT) para identificar factores que influyen el éxito de servicios de trabajo comunitario. Los resultados se compararon también con los de una encuesta de opinión t'pica. La CIT probó ser un instrumento de investigación más neutral y efectivo.
Adolescent girls in distress
Authors: Azaiza Faisal 
Published: April 2006

English This article presents an exploratory study which analyzes the meanings that 414 Arab female adolescents associated with the concept of adolescent girls in distress. Findings show that having a problem and having no one to turn to are the most prevalent themes related to the experience of female adolescents in distress. French Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire analysant le sens que 414 adolescentes arabes donnent à leur vécu qu'elles associent au concept d'adolescentes en détresse. Les résultats révèlent que d'être prise avec un problème et de n'avoir personne vers qui se tourner pour de l'aide constituent les thèmes les plus récurrents reliés à l'expérience d'être une adolescente en détresse. Spanish Se presenta un estudio exploratorio que analiza el significado que 414 muchachas árabes asocian con el concepto 'muchachas bajo estrés'. Se muestra que el tener problemas y no tener a quién ir son los temas más frecuentes.
Coping with the threat of place disruption by long-term Jewish settlers on the West Bank
Authors: Possick Chaya 
Published: April 2006

English This article presents a qualitative analysis of place disruption as experienced by settlers on the West Bank during the Oslo peace process. The findings demonstrate that place ideology develops and persists as a response to stress. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of addressing ideological issues in social work interventions. French Cet article présente une analyse qualitative de l'expérience des colons juifs établis dans 'the West Bank', vivant sous la menace d'une relocalisation pendant le processus de paix d'Oslo. Les résultats révèlent qu'une idéalisation d'un lieu se développe de faµon persistante en réponse au stress. L'article en vient à la conclusion qu'il est important de traiter les idéalisations en intervention sociale. Spanish Se presenta un análisis cualitativo del desplazamiento experimentado por los colonos establecidos en el West Bank durante el Proceso de Paz de Oslo. Se demuestra que una respuesta al estrés es el desarrollo y persistencia de una ideología de lugar. Se concluye que es importante para el trabajo social intervenir en asuntos ideológicos.
Economic status of the elderly in Hong Kong
Authors: Chou Kee-Lee , Chow Nelson W.S. , Chi Iris 
Published: April 2006

English This article examines the economic status of elderly people in Hong Kong based on data collected by the government. The Hong Kong elderly population is not a homogeneous group, as their economic status is significantly related to their gender, age, marital status, education and employment status. French Se basant sur des données recueillies par le gouvernement, cet article examine le statut économique des personnes âgées à Hong Kong. La population âgée de Hong Kong ne constitue pas un groupe homogène. Les statuts économiques de ces personnes sont reliés de façon significative aux variables de genre, d'âge, de statut marital, d'éducation et de statut d'emploi. Spanish Se examina el estatus económico de las personas mayores en Hong Kong basándose en datos recogidos por el gobierno. La población de mayores en Hong Kong no es un grupo homogéneo, pues su estatus económico está relacionado con el género, la edad, el estado civil, la educación y su estado de empleo.
Learning by comparing
Authors: Simpson Graeme , Schoepf Michael 
Published: April 2006

English In recent years there has been an increased interest in comparative social work in the UK and EU. The process of learning and teaching in this area needs to be supported by academic debate. Utilizing hermeneutics and reflective learning, we advance a theory of learning through comparison. French Un intérêt croissant pour la comparaison entre divers milieux de travail social s'est développé au cours des dernières années au Royaume Uni et en Europe. Les processus d'apprentissage et d'enseignement dans ce domaine ont besoin d'un support émanant de débats académiques. Utilisant l'herméneutique et l'apprentissage réflexif, nous avançons une théorie d'apprentissage par comparaison. Spanish Recientemente, en el Reino Unido y en los Estados Unidos, ha crecido el interés en trabajo social comparativo. El proceso de aprender y enseñar en esta Ärea debe ser apoyado en debate académico. Usando hermenéutica y aprendizaje reflexivo, los autores avanzan una teoría de aprendizaje a través de la comparación.
Reflectivity in social work practice with clients with mental-health illness
Authors: Yip Kam-shing 
Published: April 2006

English The author's nine years' experience in developing social work students' practical reflectivity in working with clients with mental illness is described in this article. By means of various teaching strategies, students' different levels of reflectivity were developed. Promise and challenges to social work education are also discussed. French Dans cet article, l'auteur décrit son expérience de neuf ans en tant que formateur d'étudiants en travail social dans le développement de leur réflexivité dans le travail auprès de clients souffrant de maladie mentale. Divers niveaux de réflexivité des étudiants ont été développés à l'aide d'une variété de stratégies d'enseignement. Des promesses et des défis pour la formation des travailleurs sociaux sont également élaborés. Spanish El autor describe sus nueve años de experiencia enseñando a los estudiantes de trabajo social a usar la reflexión práctica en el trabajo con clientes con enfermedades mentales. Usando varias estrategias de enseñanza, los estudiantes desarrollaron sus capacidades reflexivas. Se examinan las promesas y las dificultades de la educación para el trabajo social.
Cultural friendliness as a foundation for the support function in the supervision of social work students in South Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht Lambert 
Published: April 2006

English In South Africa it is essential that the cultural diversity of the social work student population be accommodated in supervision. This is possible if cultural friendliness forms the foundation of support in supervision. Cultural friendliness is a disposition that forms part of the supervisor's identity. French En Afrique du sud, il est essentiel que la fonction de supervision s'assure d'accommoder la diversité culturelle de la population étudiante en travail social. Cela est possible si une amitié culturelle forme la base des activités de soutien et de supervision. L'amitié culturelle est une attitude ou disposition faisant partie intégrante de l'identité du superviseur. Spanish En Sudáfrica es esencial que en la supervisión del trabajo social se tenga en cuenta la cultura del estudiante. Esto es posible si la amabilidad cultural es la base de la función de apoyo de la supervisión. La amabilidad cultural es una disposición que forma parte de la identidad del supervisor.
Correlates of physical violence in marital relationships among first-generation Korean Americans
Authors: Ahn Bonnie 
Published: April 2006

English Aims were to examine if a model exists explaining partner abuse from perceptual and demographic measures among 223 Korean immigrants. A model containing various perceptual and demographic measures was able to explain 58.6 percent of the variability. These models could be used to identify individuals at risk of becoming perpetrators. French Par une méthode de mesures perceptuelles et démographiques effectuées sur une cohorte de 223 immigrants Coréens, cette étude cherche È savoir s'il existe un modèle explicatif de violence conjugale. Un modèle contenant une variété de mesures perceptuelles et démographiques a pu expliquer 58,6% de la variabilité. Ce modèle pourrait être utilisé pour identifier des individus È risque de devenir des conjoints violents. Spanish Se investiga si existe un modelo que explique maltrato de pareja, usando medias preceptúales y demográficas entre 223 coreanos inmigrantes. Un modelo pudo explicar 58.6 percent de la varianza. Estos modelos pueden ser útiles para identificar individuos en riesgo de convertirse en perpetradores.