bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes and effects of sampling bias on marine Western Atlantic biodiversity knowledge
Authors: Cardoso Micaele Niobe Martins , Azevedo Fernanda , Dias Alan , de Almeida Ana Carolina Sousa , Senna André R. , Marques Antonio C. , Rezende Dafinny , Hajdu Eduardo , Lopes‐Filho Erick Alves Pereira , Pitombo Fábio Bettini , de Oliveira Gabriela Moura , Doria João Gabriel , Carraro João Luís , De‐Paula Joel Campos , Bahia Juliana , de Araujo Juliana Magalhães , Paresque Karla , Vieira Leandro Manzoni , Fernandes Luanny Martins , Santos Luciano N. , Miranda Lucília Souza , Lorini Maria Lucia , Klautau Michelle , Pagliosa Paulo Roberto , Clerier Pedro Henrique Braga , de Moura Rafael B. , da Rocha Fortes Rafael , Neves Raquel A. F. , da Rocha Rosana Moreira , Stampar Sérgio N. , Salani Sula , Miranda Thaís Pires , Pinheiro Ulisses , Venekey Virág , Oliveira Ubirajara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimKnowledge gaps and sampling bias can lead to underestimations of species richness and distortions in the known distribution of species. The goal of this study is to identify potential gaps and biases in marine organisms sampling at the Western Atlantic Ocean, determine their causes and assess its effect on biodiversity metrics. We tested the potential interference of this bias with the representation of environmental conditions, potentially affecting biodiversity model predictions.LocationWestern Atlantic Ocean.MethodsThis study compiled data of marine species in online and institutional databases. The analysis of sampling effort and bias was conducted by mapping the density of records. A spatial autoregressive model (SAR) was employed to investigate the influence of accessibility as a determinant factor of the sampling bias. We tested whether the effect of the sampling bias could result from environmental bias in the samples, contrasting the environmental variables of the study area with those present in the biodiversity records. We examined the correlation between sampling effort in species richness and endemism.ResultsThe USA has the highest number of records and density of records. There was a low correlation between the vertebrates, invertebrates and algae sample density patterns. Accessibility was identified as one of the main causes of sampling bias. The analysis of environmental bias indicated that the records do not represent all conditions present in the environment. Sampling density showed a strong relationship with endemism and a weaker relationship with species richness.Main ConclusionsWe have identified a strong sampling bias related to ease of access that equally affects vertebrates, invertebrates and algae, resulting in a skewed sampling of the environmental conditions where species occur. Sampling patterns differ among the groups. The intensity of sampling effort significantly impacts measures of richness and endemism, potentially undermining the accurate recognition of real biological diversity patterns.
Impact of empagliflozin on insulin needs in patients with heart failure and diabetes: An EMPEROR‐Pooled analysis
Authors: Talha Khawaja M. , Green Jennifer , Filippatos Gerasimos , Pocock Stuart , Zannad Faiez , Brueckmann Martina , Schueler Elke , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Ferreira João Pedro , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Rosenstock Julio , Packer Milton 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of empagliflozin on patients with comorbid heart failure (HF) and diabetes with or without baseline insulin, and to study the impact of empagliflozin on insulin requirements over time.Materials and MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of pooled patient‐level data from two cardiovascular outcomes trials of empagliflozin in HF (EMPEROR‐Reduced and EMPEROR‐Preserved trials). We undertook a subgroup analysis stratified by baseline insulin use, including all patients with diabetes. The studied endpoints included the primary composite endpoint of first hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death, rate of decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate, composite renal outcome and rates of sustained insulin initiation.ResultsAmong 4794 patients with diabetes, 1333 (658 in empagliflozin, 675 in placebo) were using insulin at baseline. The treatment effect of empagliflozin on the primary endpoint was consistent irrespective of insulin use [no insulin, hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63‐0.86; using insulin, hazard ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.66‐1.00, pinteraction = .49], as was the effect on the rate of decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (pinteraction = .75). There was no effect of empagliflozin on the composite renal outcome in patients using or not using insulin (pinteraction = .30). Among patients not using insulin at baseline, those randomized to empagliflozin initiated insulin less frequently throughout the follow‐up period compared with those receiving placebo (2.6% vs. 3.8%, odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.50‐0.88).ConclusionsEmpagliflozin exerts a consistent benefit on cardiovascular outcomes and renal function decline, irrespective of baseline insulin use, and reduces the need for sustained insulin initiation in patients with HF and diabetes.
Combined intake of caffeine and low‐dose glucose to reduce exercise‐related hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes on ultra‐long‐acting insulin degludec: A randomized, controlled, double‐blind, cross‐over trial
Authors: Kühne Tobias , Wallace Esmè , Herzig David , Helleputte Simon , Scott Sam , Pickles Jordan , Melmer Andreas , Stettler Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether caffeine combined with a moderate amount of glucose reduces the risk for exercise‐related hypoglycaemia compared with glucose alone or control in adult people with type 1 diabetes using ultra‐long‐acting insulin degludec.Materials and MethodsSixteen participants conducted three aerobic exercise sessions (maximum 75 min) in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over design. Thirty minutes before exercise, participants ingested a drink containing either 250 mg of caffeine + 10 g of glucose + aspartame (CAF), 10 g of glucose + aspartame (GLU), or aspartame alone (ASP). The primary outcome was time to hypoglycaemia.ResultsThere was a significant effect of the condition on time to hypoglycaemia (χ2 = 7.674, p = .0216). Pairwise comparisons revealed an 85.7% risk reduction of hypoglycaemia for CAF compared with ASP (p = .044). No difference was observed between GLU and ASP (p = .104) or between CAF and GLU (p = .77). While CAF increased glucose levels during exercise compared with GLU and ASP (8.3 ± 1.9 mmol/L vs. 7.7 ± 2.2 mmol/L vs. 5.8 ± 1.4 mmol/L; p < .001), peak plasma glucose levels during exercise did not differ between CAF and GLU (9.3 ± 1.4 mmol/L and 9.1 ± 1.6 mmol/L, p = .80), but were higher than in ASP (6.6 ± 1.1 mmol/L; p < .001). The difference in glucose levels between CAF and GLU was largest during the last 15 min of exercise (p = .002). Compared with GLU, CAF lowered perceived exertion (p = .023).ConclusionsPre‐exercise caffeine ingestion combined with a low dose of glucose reduced exercise‐related hypoglycaemia compared with control while avoiding hyperglycaemia.
Elevated plasma levels of calcitonin gene‐related peptide in individuals with rosacea: A cross‐sectional case–control study
Authors: Wienholtz Nita K. F. , Christensen Casper E. , Ashina Håkan , Jørgensen Niklas R. , Egeberg Alexander , Thyssen Jacob P. , Ashina Messoud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the role of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in the pathogenesis of rosacea might provide new therapeutic avenues for individuals with this disease.ObjectiveTo compare plasma levels of CGRP between individuals with rosacea and healthy controls.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional case–control study conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark, we collected blood samples from the antecubital vein from adults with rosacea and from healthy controls.ResultsWe enrolled 123 individuals with rosacea and 68 healthy controls. After adjusting for age and sex, plasma levels of CGRP were significantly higher in individuals with rosacea (mean, 95% confidence interval: 140.21 pmol/L, 128.50–151.92 pmol/L), compared with controls (110.77 pmol/L, 99.91–120.14 pmol/L, p = 0.002). Plasma levels of CGRP were not affected by age, sex, BMI, concomitant migraine, rosacea sub‐ or phenotype, concomitant disease or current treatment.LimitationsParticipants were not age‐, sex‐ and BMI‐matched.Conclusions and RelevanceElevated plasma levels of CGRP in individuals with rosacea suggest a role of CGRP in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Targeting CGRP signalling might hold therapeutic promise in people affected by this disease.Clinicaltrials.gov listingNCT03872050
Hepatic transcriptome profiling of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède) injected with Flavobacterium covae or lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Renukdas Nilima N. , Kelly Anita M. , Zinta Gaurav , Sinha Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlavobacterium covae (columnaris) is the most detrimental bacterial disease affecting the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède) aquaculture industry. In the current study, fish received an intraperitoneal injection of either 1× PBS (100 μL), LPS in PBS (100 μL, 10 μg/mL), or F. covae (100 μL, 2.85 × 1011 CFU/mL) to simulate immunological challenges. After 24 h post‐injection, liver tissue from the control and treated groups were then collected for transcriptome analysis. Results of the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses for the F. covae and LPS‐injected groups found differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched primarily in toll‐like receptors (TLRs), cytokine–cytokine receptors, complement and coagulation cascades, and the PPAR signalling pathways. This suggests that the liver immune system is enhanced by these five combined pathways. Additionally, the DEGs TLR5, MYD88, and IL‐1 were significantly upregulated in F. covae and LPS‐injected fish compared to the controls, whereas IL‐8 was downregulated. The upregulation of TLR5 was unexpected as F. covae lacks flagellin, the protein that binds to TLR5. Additionally, it is unknown whether the TLR5 is upregulated by LPS. Further research into the upregulation of TLR5 is warranted. These results provide insight into immune responses and associated pathways contributing to the immune system in the liver during columnaris infection and induced response to LPS in largemouth bass.
Modeling Maillard reaction kinetics in spray dryers using both lumped‐ and distributed‐parameter modeling approaches
Authors: Zhou Zelin , Langrish Timothy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a simulation model for the kinetics of Maillard reactions during the spray‐drying process of model systems. Two different modeling approaches were used: lumped‐parameter and distributed‐parameter models. The reaction kinetic model was developed by fitting experiment results from iso‐thermal heating experiments with different model systems at various temperatures and moisture contents with Arrhenius‐type equations. The developed reaction kinetic models were coupled with drying kinetics and segregation models adopted from previous studies. The prediction results from the models developed were then compared with those from spray‐drying experiments, and both modeling approaches showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The distributed parameters modeling approach showed a 17.7% improvement in sum of square errors compared to the traditional lumped‐distributed modeling approach.Practical ApplicationsTwo different mathematical models with different approaches were developed and have shown reasonable performance in predicting the kinetics of Maillard reactions in spray drying. The models developed in this study can be used to improve the spray‐drying process of thermally sensitive products where Maillard reaction or other types of thermal degradation may occur.
Factors impacting nursing assistants to accept a delegation in the acute care settings: A mixed method study
Authors: Crevacore Carol , Coventry Linda , Duffield Christine , Jacob Elisabeth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the experience of nursing assistants being delegated nursing tasks by registered nurses.DesignMixed method explanatory sequential design.MethodsA total of 79 nursing assistants working in an acute hospital in Australia completed surveys that aimed to identify their experience of working with nurses and the activities they were delegated. The survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Interviews with 11 nursing assistants were conducted and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Results were triangulated to provide a richer understanding of the phenomena.ResultsMost nursing assistants felt supported completing delegated care activities. However, there was confusion around their scope of practice, some felt overworked and believed that they did not have the right to refuse a delegation. Factors impacting the nursing assistant's decision to accept a delegation included the attitude of the nurses, wanting to be part of the team and the culture of the ward. Nursing assistants who were studying to be nurses felt more supported than those who were not.ConclusionsDelegation is a two‐way relationship and both parties need to be cognisant of their roles and responsibilities to ensure safe and effective nursing care is provided. Incorrectly accepting or refusing delegated activities may impact patient safety.Implications for the profession and/or patient careHighlights the need for implementing strategies to support safe delegation practices between the registered and unregulated workforce to promote patient safety.Impact

Describes the experiences of nursing assistants working in the acute care environment when accepting delegated care from nurses.

Reports a range of factors that inhibit or facilitate effective delegation practices between nurses and nursing assistants.

Provides evidence to support the need for stronger education and policy development regarding delegation practices between nurses and unregulated staff.

Reporting methodComplied with the APA Style JARS‐MIXED reporting criteria for mixed method research.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Growing, learning, and connecting: Deciphering the complex relationship between government customer concentration and firm performance
Authors: Falcone Ellie C. , Fugate Brian S. , Waller Matthew A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interplay between a firm's customer portfolio and the firm's performance presents a theoretical conundrum that challenges traditional supply chains. In particular, the role of government customer concentration—how extensively a firm incorporates government entities as part of its customer base—emerges as a pivotal factor with the potential to both bolster and burden firm performance. Analyzing 3,643 firm‐year observations from the U.S. Federal Procurement Data System‐Next Generation, Compustat, and FactSet Revere reveals an inverse U‐shaped relationship between government customer concentration and firm performance. Excessive or insufficient government customer concentration adversely impacts performance, suggesting that a strategic balance is essential. Firm size, absorptive capacity, and network embeddedness are crucial in navigating this complex relationship, guiding a firm toward optimizing its government customer portfolio. This research advances the discourse on customer base management, underscoring the essential strategic considerations for firms interacting with government buyers.
Genome‐wide association identifies a BAHD acyltransferase activity that assembles an ester of glucuronosylglycerol and phenylacetic acid
Authors: Simpson Jeffrey P. , Kim Colin Y. , Kaur Amanpreet , Weng Jing‐Ke , Dilkes Brian , Chapple Clint 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are an effective approach to identify new specialized metabolites and the genes involved in their biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, GWAS of Arabidopsis thaliana soluble leaf and stem metabolites identified alleles of an uncharacterized BAHD‐family acyltransferase (AT5G57840) associated with natural variation in three structurally related metabolites. These metabolites were esters of glucuronosylglycerol, with one metabolite containing phenylacetic acid as the acyl component of the ester. Knockout and overexpression of AT5G57840 in Arabidopsis and heterologous overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana and Escherichia coli demonstrated that it is capable of utilizing phenylacetyl‐CoA as an acyl donor and glucuronosylglycerol as an acyl acceptor. We, thus, named the protein Glucuronosylglycerol Ester Synthase (GGES). Additionally, phenylacetyl glucuronosylglycerol increased in Arabidopsis CYP79A2 mutants that overproduce phenylacetic acid and was lost in knockout mutants of UDP‐sulfoquinovosyl: diacylglycerol sulfoquinovosyl transferase, an enzyme required for glucuronosylglycerol biosynthesis and associated with glycerolipid metabolism under phosphate‐starvation stress. GGES is a member of a well‐supported clade of BAHD family acyltransferases that arose by duplication and neofunctionalized during the evolution of the Brassicales within a larger clade that includes HCT as well as enzymes that synthesize other plant‐specialized metabolites. Together, this work extends our understanding of the catalytic diversity of BAHD acyltransferases and uncovers a pathway that involves contributions from both phenylalanine and lipid metabolism.
Modeling Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Customer Preferences With Small-Scale Aggregated Data: A Spatial Panel Modeling Approach
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Bi Youyi , Xie Jian , Sha Zhenghui , Wang Mingxian , Fu Yan , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Customer preferences are found to evolve over time and correlate with geographical locations. Studying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences is crucial to engineering design as it provides a dynamic perspective for understanding the trend of customer preferences. However, existing choice models for demand modeling do not take the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences into consideration. Learning-based spatiotemporal data modeling methods usually require large-scale datasets for model training, which are not applicable to small aggregated data, such as the sale records of a product in several regions and years. To fill this research gap, we propose a spatial panel modeling approach to investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences. Product and regional attributes varying in time are included as model inputs to support demand forecasting in engineering design. With case studies using the dataset of small SUVs and compact sedans in China's automotive market, we demonstrate that the spatial panel modeling approach outperforms other statistical spatiotemporal data models and non-parametric regression methods in goodness of fit and prediction accuracy. We also illustrate a potential design application of the proposed approach in a portfolio optimization of two vehicles from the same producer. While the spatial panel modeling approach exists in econometrics, applying this approach to support engineering decisions by considering spatiotemporal heterogeneity and introducing engineering attributes in demand forecasting is the contribution of this work. Our paper is focused on presenting the approach rather than the results per se.
An Integrated Detection-Prognostics Methodology for Components With Intermittent Faults
Authors: Ibrahim Michael , Rozas Heraldo , Gebraeel Nagi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Some industrial components, such as valves, relay switches, and motors, occasionally experience intermittent faults (IFs) that usually disappear without any repair or intervention. This phenomenon occurs at a relatively low frequency even in components that are in an “as-good-as-new” state. However, an increase in the frequency of IFs often indicates the onset of degradation. We develop an integrated detection-prognostics model for components that exhibit IFs and whose degradation data are high-dimensional. We discuss the use of dynamic time warping (DTW) and a variational autoencoder (VAE) to perform feature engineering on the data. We then propose a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based monitoring strategy composed of two parts: (1) a detection model that tracks and flags changes in the intermittent fault frequency (IFF) and (2) a prognostic model that leverages how the transition probabilities of the HMM evolve with progressive degradation to compute the remaining life distribution (RLD) of the component. We examine the performance of our modeling framework using high-dimensional data generated from a vehicular electrical system testbed designed to accelerate the degradation of a vehicle starter motor.
Time-Optimized Robot Trajectory Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm in Intelligent Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Jie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To discuss the low convergence accuracy of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and the problem of converging to local optima, we proposed using nonlinear convergence factors and introducing nonlinear inertia weights in the WOA. The modified WOA was used to optimize the trajectory of a six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) industrial robot. To improve the convergence accuracy and the local and global search ability of the WOA, we first replaced the convergence factor with a nonlinear convergence factor and added a nonlinear inertia weight. The algorithm was used along with a quintic polynomial equation to develop a time-optimal trajectory, for the robot, for use in practical application scenarios. Simulation experiment results showed that the duration of a complete loading–unloading process was reduced by 30% after robot motion trajectory optimization compared with that before optimization, indicating the effectiveness of the improved WOA and its suitability for robot trajectory optimization.
Associations of Serum Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels With Bone Mineral Characteristics in Eumenorrheic Adolescent Athletes With Different Training Activity Patterns
Authors: Jürimäe Jaak , Remmel Liina , Tamm Anna-Liisa , Purge Priit , Maasalu Katre , Tillmann Vallo 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To describe serum irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) concentrations in healthy female adolescents with different training activity patterns and their associations with bone mineral properties and metabolic markers. Methods: A total of 62 adolescent girls aged 14–18 years were recruited: 22 rhythmic gymnasts, 20 swimmers, and 20 untrained controls. Bone mineral characteristics by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, daily energy intake by dietary recall, serum irisin, FGF-21, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were measured in all girls. Results: Whole body and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral content were higher in the rhythmic gymnasts group compared with swimmers and untrained controls groups (P < .05). Serum irisin, FGF-21, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels were not significantly different between the groups. In the rhythmic gymnasts group, serum FGF-21 concentration was positively correlated with lumbar spine areal bone mineral density independently of confounding factors (r = .51; P = .027). Conclusions: Serum irisin and FGF-21 levels were not different between adolescent eumenorrheic girls with different training activity patterns. FGF-21 was positively associated with lumbar spine areal bone mineral density, which predominantly consists of trabecular bone in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts.