bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Persistent Adrenocorticotropin-Producing Adenomas
Authors: Petit Joshua H. , Biller Beverly M. K. , Yock Torunn I. , Swearingen Brooke , Coen John J. , Chapman Paul , Ancukiewicz Marek , Bussiere Marc , Klibanski Anne , Loeffler Jay S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Context: Radiation therapy is a potentially curative treatment for corticotroph adenomas refractory to surgery. Protons have an advantage over photons (x-rays) by depositing energy at the target with no exit dose, providing a lower dose to adjacent normal tissues. Until recently, proton stereotactic radiotherapy (PSR) was available at only two U.S. centers; use will increase as proton facilities are under development.
Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PSR for persistent Cushing’s disease (CD) and Nelson’s syndrome (NS).
Design: This was a retrospective review of 38 patients (33 with CD and five with NS) treated between 1992 and 2005.
Participants: All patients had transsphenoidal surgery without biochemical cure. Four had previous irradiation with photons. The patients with NS underwent bilateral adrenalectomy 29–228 months (median 40) before PSR.
Intervention: Single-fraction PSR was delivered at a median dose of 20 Cobalt Gray Equivalents (range 15–20) on 1 treatment day.
Main Outcome Measures: Complete response (CR) was defined as sustained (≥3 months) normalization of urinary free cortisol off medical therapy. CR in NS was based on normalization of plasma corticotropin.
Results: At a median follow-up of 62 months (range 20–136), CR was achieved in five patients (100%) with NS and 17 (52%) patients with CD. Among all patients with CR, median time to CR was 18 months (range 5–49). No secondary tumors were noted on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans, and there was no clinical evidence of optic nerve damage, seizure, or brain injury. There were 17 patients (52%) who developed new pituitary deficits.
Conclusions: PSR is effective for patients with persistent corticotroph adenomas with low morbidity after a median follow-up of 62 months; longer follow-up is warranted for late radiation-related sequelae.
Isobutene Trimerization over FeCl3-modified HY Zeolites: Effect of Lewis Acid Sites
Authors: Yoon Ji Woong , Jhung Sung Hwa , Choo Dae Hyun , Lee Seung Jun , Chang Jong-San 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Oligomerization of isobutene has been investigated using FeCl3-modified HY zeolite catalysts in order to produce triisobutenes or remove/separate isobutene from C4 streams. Stable isobutene conversion and high selectivity for trimers are attained over the modified zeolite with high concentration of Lewis acid sites, suggesting that a potential trimerization catalyst can be obtained easily by loading a Lewis acid into an acidic zeolite catalyst.
Cost Analytic Model to Determine the Least Costly Inpatient Erythropoiesis Stimulating Therapy Regimen
Authors: Sikand Harminder , Decter Adam , Greco Tina , Watson Sue H , Kang Yoon Jun , Mody Samir H , Piech Catherine Tak , Duh Mei Sheng , Naeem Ayesha 
Published: November 2007

Background: Unlike in outpatient settings, the comparative costs of epoetin alfa (EPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DARB) have not been evaluated broadly from the inpatient hospital perspective. Objective: To develop a cost analytic model comparing hospital inpatient costs for erythropoiesis stimulating therapies within the nephrology and oncology settings. Methods: A cost analytic model incorporating erythropoietic drug, pharmacy, and nursing costs was developed from the inpatient hospital perspective to evaluate comparative costs of EPO and DARB. Erythropoietic drug costs were calculated using unit wholesale acquisition cost multiplied by the number of units or micrograms while comparing the following dosing regimens: EPO 3 times weekly, EPO once weekly, and DARB once weekly. Pharmacy costs included dispensing and delivery costs, while nursing costs incorporated administration time costs; all were calculated by estimated fractional hours per activity multiplied by hourly wages. The total frequency of erythropoiesis stimulating therapy administrations was determined based on the average hospital length of stay. The first erythropoiesis stimulating therapy dose was assumed to occur on day 3 of hospitalization. For total inpatient costs, a weighted average was calculated across disease states. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying length of stay, day of initial erythropoiesis stimulating therapy dose, pharmacy and nursing costs, and once-weekly DARB dose. Results: EPO 3 times weekly was the least costly regimen across all disease states evaluated. Threshold analysis indicated that the cost of once-weekly DARB regimens would have to be reduced by 37% to equal the cost of EPO 3 times weekly for an average length of stay. Sensitivity analyses did not considerably affect the results. Conclusions: EPO 3 times weekly was found to be the least costly erythropoiesis stimulating therapy regimen for nephrology and oncology inpatients for the average length of stay as well as most other lengths of stay considered. Once-weekly EPO was the least costly erythropoiesis stimulating therapy regimen for several other lengths of stay, while once-weekly DARB was never found to be the least costly regimen.
Acetylation of aromatics over acid zeolites: Seeking a viable alternative to Friedel-Crafts catalysts
Authors: Guidotti Matteo , Coustard Jean-Marie , Magnoux Patrick , Guisnet Michel 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Three acid zeolites (H-BEA, H-FAU, and H-MWW) were used as catalysts for acetylation in batch reactors with acetic anhydride of five aromatic compounds (benzenic and naphthalenic derivatives). The substrate reactivity is mainly governed by electronic factors (the nature of the substituents and degree of ring activation), but steric effects also play a relevant role when the reaction takes place in a narrow micropore system. In general, H-FAU was the most active catalyst, whereas with H-BEA remarkable steric constraints were observed. H-MWW showed good stability toward deactivation and an interesting activity of the sites located on the external surface.
Heteropolyacids as effective catalysts to obtain zero sulfur diesel
Authors: de Angelis Alberto , Pollesel Paolo , Molinari Daniele , O'Neal Parker Wallace , Frattini Alessandra , Cavani Fabrizio , Martins Susie , Perego Carlo 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
This paper deals with the catalytic properties of different supported heteropolyacids (HPAs), both molybdenum- and tungsten-based, in the oxidative desulfurization process of diesel. We are jointly developing a new oxidative desulfurization process, aimed at reducing the sulfur content in diesel to less than 10 ppm (parts per million) using in situ produced peroxides. In this new process, high-molecular-weight organosulfur compounds, such as 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (DMDBT), difficult to be eliminated by conventional hydrodesulfurization, are oxidized to the corresponding sulfones and subsequently removed by adsorption. Molybdenum-based HPAs, with Keggin structure, proved to be the most active and selective catalysts for oxidizing DMDBT with on-stream lifetimes exceeding 1500 h time on stream (t.o.s.).
Green photochemistry: Production of fine chemicals with sunlight
Authors: Oelgemöller Michael , Jung Christian , Mattay Jochen 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Three photochemical reactions were investigated under solar irradiation conditions with moderately concentrated sunlight: the photoacylation of naphthoquinone with butyraldehyde and the dye-sensitized photooxygenations of citronellol and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, respectively. All reactions were easily performed on multigram-to-kilogram scales using cheap and commercially available starting materials, and yielded important key intermediates for industrial applications.
Novel sensor devices and monitoring strategies for green and sustainable chemistry processes
Authors: Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The principles of green chemistry include a statement as to the necessity for real-time analysis for prevention of pollution. Methodologies need to be developed for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances. These should be carried out by (chemical) sensors. Monitoring also allows optimizing the efficient use of reagents and permits determination of the composition of waste and effluents. In this paper, new monitoring strategies are surveyed and some of the recent advances which have been achieved with respect to novel devices in terms of miniaturization and reliability are indicated. Emphasis is given to continuous and online flow and injection methodologies and the requirements for successful sensors. Particular attention is given to the future potential of electrochemical flow and batch injection sensors which can often be used without external sample pretreatment. Electrochemical sensors using carbon film-based electrodes, including their application in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) for which electrochemical methodologies are directly suited are also described.
Electrolysis for the benign conversion of renewable feedstocks
Authors: Schäfer Hans J. , Harenbrock Michael , Klocke Elisabeth , Plate Mark , Weiper-Idelmann Andreas 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A large variety of C,C-bond forming reactions and functional group interconversions can be achieved by electron transfer. For the conversion of renewable feedstocks, electrolysis has been applied to coupling of radicals generated by anodic decarboxylation of fatty acids and carboxylic acids of carbohydrates. Furthermore, a derivative of L-gulonic acid is converted nearly quantitatively into L-xylonolacton. Trimethyl aconitate from trimethyl citronate is dimerized stereoselectively at the cathode in 72 % yield to a cyclic hexamethyl ester by an inter- and intramolecular Michael addition. Two acetoxy groups are added anodically to methyl conjuenate (obtained from methyl linoleate) to form methyl (E)-9,12-diacetoxy-10-octenoate and methyl (E)-10,13-diacetoxy-11-octenoate in 85 % yield. The primary hydroxy groups in mono- and disaccharides can be oxidized to carboxylic acid groups in good yield and high selectivity by anodic oxidation with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) as mediator. The results demonstrate that electrolysis is in good accordance with many of the 12 principles of green chemistry.
Catalysis of nanosized Pd metal catalyst deposited on Ti-containing zeolite by a photo-assisted deposition (PAD) method
Authors: Yamashita Hiromi , Miura Yuki , Mori Kohsuke , Shironita Sayoko , Masui Yosuke , Mimura Naoki , Ohmichi Tetsutaro , Sakata Takao , Mori Hirotaro 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Using a photo-assisted deposition (PAD) method, nanosized Pd metal can be highly dispersed on Ti-containing silicalite zeolite (TS-1) under UV-light irradiation (PAD-Pd/TS-1). The nanosized Pd metal was deposited directly on the photo-excited tetrahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species (tetra-Ti-oxide) of TS-1 zeolite. Under the flow of H2 and O2 in water solvent, the efficient formation of H2O2 could be observed by the PAD-Pd/TS-1 catalyst under mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure). Furthermore, the presence of phenol in this reaction system led to the formation of the products from the partial oxidation of phenol with the formed H2O2.
Predictive Value of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for the Amount of Physical Activity After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Wagenmakers Robert , Stevens Martin , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Zijlstra Wiebren , Groothoff Johan W 
Published: November 2007

Background and Purpose
Despite the recognized health benefits of physical activity, little is known about the amount of physical activity that patients perform after total hip arthroplasty (THA). To this end, the ability of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to predict the amount of physical activity that patients with a THA perform, as measured by the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH), was determined.

Subjects and Methods
Three hundred sixty-four patients who had a THA returned questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between scores on the WOMAC and SQUASH. Binary logistic regression modeling was used to determine the extent to which the WOMAC score could predict that patients would meet national and international guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity.

Results
Scores on the WOMAC and SQUASH showed a significant, but low, correlation (r=.14–.24). Although the WOMAC score was a significant predictor for meeting national and international guidelines for physical activity, the odds ratio was low (1.022, 95% confidence interval=1.012–1.033) and only 6.9% of the variance could be explained (Nagelkerke r2=.069).

Discussion and Conclusion
The results suggest that the WOMAC is not suitable for predicting the amount of physical activity after THA, requiring the use of an additional outcome measure.
Associations Between Physical Examination and Self-Reported Physical Function in Older Community-Dwelling Adults With Knee Pain
Authors: Wood Laurence , Peat George , Thomas Elaine , Hay Elaine M , Sim Julius 
Published: November 2007

Background and PurposeKnee pain is a common disabling condition for which older people seek primary care. Clinicians depend on the history and physical examination to direct treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between simple physical examination tests and self-reported physical functional limitations.Subjects and MethodsA population sample of 819 older adults underwent a standardized physical examination consisting of 24 tests. Associations between the tests and self-reported physical functional limitations (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical functioning subscale [WOMAC-PF] scores) were explored.ResultsFive of the tests showed correlations with WOMAC-PF scores, corresponding to an intermediate effect (r≥.30). These were tenderness on palpation of the infrapatellar area, timed single-leg standing balance, maximal isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength (force-generating capacity), reproduction of symptoms on patellofemoral compression, and degree of knee flexion. Each of these tests was able to account for between 7% and 13% of the variance in WOMAC-PF scores, after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. Three of these tests are indicative of impairments that may be modifiable by exercise interventions.Discussion and ConclusionSelf-reported physical functional limitations among older people with knee pain are associated with potentially modifiable physical impairments that can be identified by simple physical examination tests.
Measuring Deterioration in International Classification of Functioning Domains of People With Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Ambulatory
Authors: Paltamaa Jaana , Sarasoja Taneli , Leskinen Esko , Wikström Juhani , Mälkiä Esko 
Published: November 2007

Background and PurposeMeasures to detect important effects related to physical therapy interventions must be able to detect an important change. The purpose of this study was to select the most responsive physical functioning measures for multiple sclerosis (MS) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework.SubjectsThe participants were 120 people with MS who were ambulatory from a population-based sample.MethodsPhysical functioning was assessed by quantitative clinical measures of activities (n=5) and body functions (n=7) and by self-reported performance in self-care, mobility, and domestic life domains in the activities and participation component of the ICF at baseline and 2 years later. A participant's perception of change and a change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were used as external criteria in the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the minimally important change score. The minimal detectable change was calculated as distribution-based responsiveness.ResultsAccording to the external criteria, 51% of the participants showed deterioration as measured by their own perceptions compared with the 26% of the participants who showed deterioration as rated by the clinician. Regardless of the external criterion applied, the measures most responsive to deterioration were self-reported scores in self-care, mobility, and domestic life; distance walked and change in heart rate during a 6-minute walk test; 10-m walk test speeds, stride length, and cadence; repetitive squatting; and Box and Block Test scores.Discussion and ConclusionThe results show the relative responsiveness of different measures in the subsample who deteriorated and provide data that can facilitate the interpretation of score changes in people with MS who are ambulatory for future studies and in clinical practice.
Human Placental Lactogenic Hormone As A Parameter For Placental Function In Renal Transplanted Women
Authors: Klebe Joachim G. , Marushak Andre , Bock Johannes 
Published: November 2007

In 13 pregnant women with renal transplants the serum concentration of placental hormones were determined in order to show their ability to predict fetal problems especially placental insufficiency. It is shown that the hPL values were increased because of reduced elimination of hPL, presumably in the renal tubuli. In this study the weight of only one newborn was over the 50th percentile in spite of the fact that all but one had hPL values over the 50th percentile and in even 8 pregnancies the values were over the 95th percentile. In most of the growth‐retarded fetus's the ratio between hPL and the weight of the newborns was more complex.It is concluded that in renal transplantated pregnant women, hPL as a parameter for the placental function must be used with reservation and is not able to predict placental insufficiency.
Ovulatlon Inhibitors Containing Cyproterone Acetate Or Desogestrel In The Treatment Of Hyperandrogenic Symptoms
Authors: Erkkola R. , Hirvonen E. , Luikku J. , Lumme R. , Männikkö H. , Avdinlik S. 
Published: November 2007

An open, randomized, multicenter study was carried out to compare two oral contraceptives as regards their therapeutic efficacy in androgenization symptoms such as acne, seborrhea and hirsutism in women. The preparations used were the combination of 2 mg cyproterone acetate (CPA) with 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) (Diane35®, Schering AG, Berlin‐West) and 0.150 mg desogestrel (DG) with 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol (Marvelon®, Organon, Oss, The Netherlands).The duration of therapy was 9 months. The combination of CPA‐EE was used by 83 patients for 658 cycles and the combination of DG‐EE by 79 women for 618 cycles. No pregnancy occurred under either therapy. Both preparations are well tolerated. However, some side‐effects, such as reduced libido, nervousness and breast tenderness, were observed more frequently (p < 0.05) in the DG‐EE group than among the users of the CPA‐EE Combination. The therapeutic outcome was better in the CPA‐EE group, especially in cases of facial acne (p<0.05). Seborrheic symptoms also responded better to the CPA‐EE therapy.The results show that the CPA‐EE combination is superior to the DG‐EE combination in the treatment of acne and seborrhoea.
Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in perimenopausal women
Authors: Ushiroyama Takahisa , Okamoto Yoshiaki , Sugimoto Osamu 
Published: November 2007

Hyperlipidemia is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. We studied plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels with a survey of endocrine changes in the perimenopausal Japanese women.Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased with age, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol level fell slightly. The rise in triglyceride and low density lipoprotein levels were particularly more marked just before the onset of the menopause. It might be important that the rapid rise of triglyceride and low density lipoprotein levels at about the menopause age was associated with a decline of estrogen levels. The percentage of hyperlipidemia in the perimenopausal women who showed total cholesterol level exceeding 5.7 mmol/1 (220 mg/dl) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level exceeding 3.9 mmol/1 (150 mg/dl) were 31.9% and 27.2%, respectively.It was concluded that we need to recognize relatively high incidence of hyperlipidemia in perimenopausal period, and need to pay careful attention to plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels for prevention of coronary heart disease in perimenopausal women.
Uterine rupture with the use of a low‐dose vaginal PGE2 tablet
Authors: Azem Foad , Jaffa Ariel , Lessing Joseph B. , Peyser M. Reuben 
Published: November 2007

Background. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal tablets, suppositories and gel are increasingly being used for the induction of labor. Ease of administration and supervision are their greatest advantage, while hyperstimulation and rupture of the uterus are the main risks. Case. A 26‐year‐old woman, gravida 5, para 2, with no history of cesarean section, was induced at 40 weeks' normal gestation, because of mild pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Haif a tablet (1.5 mg) of PGE2 was inserted into the cervix. Three hours later, tetanic uterine contractions started. In a precipitated labor she delivered a female weighing 3,250 gr, about 20 minutes after the appearance of uterine contractions. Severe post partum hemorrhage occurred, and examination disclosed an isthmical uterine rupture. Subtotal hysterectomy was performed at laparotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.Conclusion. The use of PGE2 should be of concern in multiparous patients, or those with scarred uteri. This case highlights the risk of even a small dose of PGE2 administered into the cervix.
Conservative ambulatory management of prelabor rupture of the membranes at term in nulliparous women
Authors: Hagskog Katrin , Nisell Henry , Sarman Ihsan , Westgren Magnus 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To assess maternal and fetal outcome at conservative ambulatory care of nulliparous women at term with prelabor rupture of the membranes.Methods. A prospective study of 176 women managed conservatively in an ambulatory setting (nonstress test and assessment of amniotic fluid index every second day). Results. The median rupture of the membrane to delivery interval was 30 hours. Ninety per cent were delivered within 85 hours. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time period between rupture of membranes and delivery (under the 25th, 25th‐75th and above the 75th centile). The maternal infectious morbidity (0, 6, 7% respectively), fetal distress (5, 18, 17% respectively) and instrumental delivery rate (5, 16, 16% respectively) tended to be increased in the upper three quartiles, without reaching a statistically significant level as analysed by χ2‐test. Nonstress test or evaluation of amniotic fluid index was not able to predict intrapartum fetal distress. In no case was there a delay in the management of any complication due to the ambulatory care.Conclusion. Awaiting spontaneous labor in nulliparous women with prelabor rupture of the membranes at term does not seem to be associated with any obvious advantage. If, however, a conservative attitude is implemented, the patients can preferably be treated on an ambulatory basis.