bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brewing
Authors: Hornsey Ian 
Published: March 2007

It is believed that beer has been produced, in some form, for thousands of years - the ancient Egyptians being one civilization with a knowledge of the fermentation process. Beer production has seen many changes over the centuries, and Brewing, Second Edition brings the reader right up to date with the advances in the last decade. Covering the various stages of beer production, reference is also made to microbiology within the brewery and some pointers to research on the topic are given.
Written by a recently retired brewer, this book will appeal to all beer-lovers, but particularly those within the industry who wish to understand the processes, and will be relevant to students of food or biological sciences.
Insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitizing activities of a pentacyclic triterpenoid insulin receptor activator
Authors: Jung Seung H. , Ha Yun J. , Shim Eun K. , Choi Soo Y. , Jin Jing L. , Yun-Choi Hye S. , Lee Jong R. 
Published: March 2007

Five pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from Campsis grandiflora were tested for insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitizing activity. The compounds enhanced the activity of insulin on tyrosine phosphorylation of the IR (insulin receptor) β-subunit in CHO/IR (Chinese-hamster ovary cells expressing human IR). Among the compounds tested, CG7 (ursolic acid) showed the greatest enhancement and CG11 (myrianthic acid) the least. We characterized the effect of CG7 further, and showed that it acted as an effective insulin-mimetic agent at doses above 50 μg/ml and as an insulin-sensitizer at doses as low as 1 μg/ml. Additional experiments showed that CG7 increased the number of IRs that were activated by insulin. This indicates that a major mechanism by which CG7 enhances total IR auto-phosphorylation is by promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation of additional IRs. CG7 not only potentiated insulin-mediated signalling (tyrosine phosphorylation of the IR β-subunit, phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β), but also enhanced the effect of insulin on translocation of glucose transporter 4 in a classical insulin-sensitive cell line, 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results of the present study demonstrate that a specific pentacyclic triterpenoid, CG7, exerts an insulin-sensitizing effect as an IR activator in CHO/IR cells and adipocytes. The enhancement of insulin activity by CG7 may be useful for developing a new class of specific IR activators for treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Characteristic appearances of the bone marrow in T‐cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia
Authors: Osuji N , Beiske K , Randen U , Matutes E , Tjonnfjord G , Catovsky D , Wotherspoon A 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  To augment the limited literature on bone marrow (BM) appearances in T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia and to identify a histological signature to aid in diagnosis of this condition.Methods and results:  A descriptive analysis of the histology of the BM in T‐cell LGL leukaemia was performed (n = 38). Antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD16, CD56, CD57 and CD20 or CD79a were employed. Antibodies against CD68 (macrophages) and CD34 (sinusoids) were also included. BM was normocellular or hypercellular in the majority of cases, with interstitial lymphoid infiltration in 97%. Lymphoid nodules were present in 55% and intrasinusoidal permeation in 58%. Apoptotic figures and haemosiderin deposition were common. All cases showed trilinear haematopoiesis with normal or increased megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis, but normal/reduced myelopoiesis. Reticulin was increased (Grade II–III). Immunohistochemistry revealed interstitial infiltration in all cases and helped to identify lymphoid nodules in two‐thirds of cases. Preferential localization of CD8+ T lymphocytes to the interstitium and CD4+ T lymphocytes to the periphery of CD20+ B‐cell nodules was seen in almost 90% of cases.Conclusions:  Nodules with non‐clonal B‐cell centres surrounded by CD4+ cells, with interstitial CD8+ cells, are a characteristic finding in T‐cell LGL leukaemia and may represent a histological signature for this condition.
BNIP3 expression in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Sington J , Giatromanolaki A , Campo L , Turley H , Pezzella F , Gatter K C 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  To investigate the role of BNIP3, a 19‐kDa interacting protein of the Bcl‐2 family, alongside Bcl‐2 in follicular lymphoma in comparison with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The results were compared with those from p53 and caspase‐3 (apoptotic markers) and Ki67 (proliferation marker).Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies showed BNIP3 to be strongly expressed in most follicular lymphomas but to be weak to negative in all of the reactive cases. There was also an inverse relationship with Bcl‐2 expression. There was no correlation of BNIP3 immunoreactivity with proliferation and caspase and p53 were virtually negative in all follicular lymphomas and reactive lymphoid cases.Conclusions:  BNIP3 is strongly expressed in most follicular lymphomas, especially those that are Bcl‐2 negative. BNIP3 may serve as a marker of more aggressive behaviour in follicular lymphoma and be useful diagnostically in the distinction from reactive lymphadenitis.
Bone marrow findings correlate with clinical outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis patients
Authors: Hasserjian R P , Goodman H J B , Lachmann H J , Muzikansky A , Hawkins P N 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  Bone marrow sampling is a key investigation in the work‐up of amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis, but the relationship between bone marrow findings and the varied phenotype and clinical outcome of AL amyloidosis is unclear. The aim was to determine if bone marrow pathological parameters at diagnosis were related to clinical behaviour in AL amyloidosis patients.Methods and results:  Bone marrow findings, clinical features and outcome of 80 patients referred with a diagnosis of systemic AL amyloidosis were evaluated; six patients were subsequently excluded due to re‐categorization as other forms of amyloidosis. At latest follow‐up (median 66 months), 11 of the 18 patients with no identifiable bone marrow neoplastic cells (61%) versus only seven of the 56 patients with neoplastic plasma cells or non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (13%) were alive (P = 0.0046). However, neither the quantity of the neoplastic cells nor the serum light chain levels were correlated with amyloid burden or patient survival.Conclusions:  Identification of a neoplastic population in the bone marrow of AL amyloidosis patients by histology and immunohistochemistry correlates with poor outcome; however, the neoplastic cell burden is not prognostically significant, suggesting that additional factors are important in determining disease behaviour in AL amyloidosis.
Significance of TWIST and E‐cadherin expression in the metastatic progression of prostatic cancer
Authors: Yuen H‐F , Chua C‐W , Chan Y‐P , Wong Y‐C , Wang X , Chan K‐W 
Published: March 2007

Aim:  Development of metastasis is one of the main causes of prostatic cancer‐related death. We have previously found that up‐regulation of TWIST, a highly conserved basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, in prostatic cancer cells can promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition through down‐regulation of E‐cadherin. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of TWIST and to correlate TWIST and E‐cadherin expression in prostatic cancer specimens.Methods and results:  TWIST and E‐cadherin expression was studied in 115 prostatic cancer specimens, eight cases of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 37 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia by immunohistochemistry. Increased cytoplasmic expression of TWIST was associated with malignant transformation of prostatic epithelium and histological progression of prostatic cancer, while nuclear TWIST expression was significant in predicting the metastatic potential of the primary prostatic cancer. In addition, high levels of TWIST expression were also significantly associated with aberrant E‐cadherin expression.Conclusions:  These results suggest that TWIST may serve as a prognostic marker for high‐grade prostatic cancer. In addition, up‐regulation of TWIST in combination with aberrant E‐cadherin expression in primary prostatic cancer specimens may predict development of distal metastatic disease.
Multiple differentiation centres of a non‐Mediterranean butterfly species in south‐eastern Europe
Authors: Schmitt Thomas , Rákosy László , Abadjiev Stanislav , Müller Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim The analysis of the phylogeographical structures of many European species reveals the importance of Mediterranean glacial refugia for many thermophilic species, but also underlines the relevance of extra‐Mediterranean glacial differentiation centres for a number of temperate species. In this context, phylogeographical analyses of species from south‐eastern Europe are highly important for a comprehensive understanding of Europe as a whole.Location Romania and Bulgaria.Methods We analysed 19 allozyme loci for 615 individuals of the temperate butterfly speciesErebia medusafrom 28 populations.Results These populations had an intermediate genetic diversity, but the Bulgarian populations were significantly more diverse than the ones north of the Danube in Romania. The differentiation among populations was strong, and 52.1% of the genetic variance among populations was distributed between these two countries. The genetic differentiation was considerably stronger in Romania than in Bulgaria, but several sublineages were distinguished within each of these countries.Main conclusions The observed genetic structure is so strong that it is most probably the result of glacial differentiation processes in south‐eastern Europe and not a post‐glacial structure. The strong differentiation into the two groups north and south of the Danube suggests a separating effect by this river valley. The strong differentiation accompanied with genetic impoverishment in Romania suggests the existence of several differentiation centres: at least two small ones on the southern slopes of the southern Carpathians and one in the eastern Carpathian Basin. The considerably weaker differentiation among the Bulgarian samples and their significantly higher genetic diversity imply that gene flow occurred among different regions of Bulgaria during the last ice age.
Spatial pattern of MHC class II variation in the great snipe (Gallinago media)
Authors: EKBLOM ROBERT , SÆTHER STEIN ARE , JACOBSSON PÄR , FISKE PEDER , SAHLMAN TOBIAS , GRAHN MATS , KÅLÅS JOHN ATLE , HÖGLUND JACOB 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) code for proteins involved in antigen recognition and triggering of the adaptive immune response, and are therefore likely to be under selection from parasites. These selection regimes may vary in space and time. Here we report a strong geographical structure in MHC class II B genes of a migrating bird, the great snipe (Gallinago media). Genetic differentiation in the MHC between two ecologically distinct distributional regions (Scandinavian mountain populations vs. East European lowland populations) was still present after statistically controlling for the effect of selectively neutral variation (microsatellites) using partial Mantel tests. This suggests a role for selection in generating this spatial structure and that it represents local adaptation to different environments. Differentiation between populations within the two regions was negligible. Overall, we found a high number of MHC alleles (50, from 175 individuals). This, together with a tendency for a higher rate of nonsynonymous than synonymous substitutions in the peptide binding sites, and high Tajima's D in certain regions of the gene, suggests a history of balancing selection. MHC variation is often thought to be maintained by some form of balancing selection, but the nature of this selection remains unclear. Our results support the hypothesis that spatial variation in selection regimes contributes to the high polymorphism.
The use of models for synthesizing knowledge for integrated lake basin management, and facilitating implementation of the World Lake Vision
Authors: Jorgensen Sven E. , Rast Walter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntegrated water resources management (IWRM) is becoming increasingly accepted as the most logical and effective means of managing aquatic ecosystems for their sustainable use. Despite efforts to provide practical examples of the application of IWRM, we still lack knowledge on how to best consider and integrate the potentially large quantity of data and information, both scientific and socioeconomic, which must be considered in pursuit of the goal of sustainable water resources. The unique features of (i) an integrating nature; (ii) long water retention time, and (iii) complex response dynamics make the management of lakes and reservoirs particularly difficult to achieve. Although the World Lake Vision has provided substantial management guidance to address some of the complex issues facing lake and reservoir management, additional work directed to analysing the interactions and linkages between the scientific/technical and the socioeconomic components of the sustainability ‘equation’ is needed. This report examines the use of mathematical models as a synthesizing tool in developing and applying management strategies for lakes and reservoirs. The different types of available models, and the criteria that can be used to select the ‘best’ model for a given situation, also are discussed, as is the important role of environmental indicators in the process. A case study focusing on the restoration of Lake Fure in Denmark provides an illustrative example of the application of the approach discussed in this report.
An assessment of flood hazard vulnerability in the Dongting Lake Region of China
Authors: Gao Jixi , Nickum James E. , Pan Yingzi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAfter the catastrophic floods along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in 1998, the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements and the State Environmental Protection Administration of China jointly developed a methodology for assessing flood vulnerability that would be user‐friendly for policy‐makers. This report discusses this methodology, described herein with a trial application to the critical Dongting Lake Region, using an applied analytical hierarchy process to establish vulnerability weights, and geographical information systems to present the results in a readily comprehensible manner. This study is the first vulnerability assessment undertaken in China specifically directed at flood prevention.
Age‐related differences in care receipt and symptom experience of elderly cancer patients dying at home: Lessons from the DEATH project
Authors: Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Masuda Yuichiro , Kuzuya Masafumi , Iguchi Akihisa , Uemura Kazumasa 
Published: March 2007

Background:  Data on the differences between older and younger elderly cancer patients dying at home is sparse. To clarify age‐related differences in symptom experience and care receipt of elderly cancer patients at end‐of‐life, we conducted a subanalysis study of the Dying Elderly at Home (DEATH) project, a multicenter study of 240 elderly aged 65 and older dying at home.Methods:  We assessed the frequency of symptom experience and end‐of‐life care receipt in home elderly patients during the last 2 days of their lives and evaluated the differences between younger elderly (aged 65–74) and older elderly (aged 75+) cancer decedents. The general practitioners were asked to fill out a questionnaire immediately after the death of study patients. A total of 66 younger and 51 older elderly cancer decedents were included in the analysis.Results:  Coma and dementia were common among younger and older elderly patients. Older decedents were less likely to experience anxiety, but, after adjustment for baseline characteristics, this age‐related difference did not clearly appear. Older decedents were also less likely to receive opioids than younger decedents. There were no significant differences in volume of i.v. hydration between the two groups.Conclusions:  Our results suggested that there were no differences in symptom experience and care receipt among older and younger decedents, except in opioid use, at end‐of‐life. These findings imply a similar need of end‐of‐life care for younger and older elderly cancer patients who opt for home death.
Children's Self‐esteem and Moral Self: Links to Parent–Child Conversations Regarding Emotion
Authors: Reese Elaine , Bird Amy , Tripp Gail 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe current study has two aims: (1) to examine associations between the emotional content of parent–child past event conversations and two aspects of children's self‐concept—moral self and self‐esteem; and (2) to examine the degree to which talk about past events is uniquely associated with self‐concept when compared with talk about ongoing events and situations. Fifty‐one five‐ and six‐year‐old New Zealand children and their parents discussed four emotional past events and two ongoing conflicts. Children's moral self, self‐esteem and language ability were also assessed. When parents referred to a greater number of positive emotions and evaluations, regardless of conversation type, their children had higher self‐esteem. Past event talk also uniquely predicted children's self‐esteem: Parents who used more explanations during conversations regarding past negative emotions, and more explanations and confirmations of past positive emotions, had children with higher self‐esteem. We discuss these results with respect to an autobiographical memory approach to self‐concept development.
Children's Perspectives on Their Relationships With Grandparents Following Parental Separation: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bridges Laura J. , Roe Amy E. C. , Dunn Judy , O'Connor Thomas G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFollowing parental separation, children's closeness to grandparents has been reported to be linked to their family situation and differences in adjustment. This relationship has not been investigated longitudinally. This study investigated children's relationships with grandparents over time in different family settings, and associations with intergenerational relationships. Data from 385 children, with longitudinal analyses on 140, were collected at two time points over a five‐year period. Associations between closeness of the child–grandparent relationship and adjustment were not found at the later time point. There was a mean drop in frequency of contact over time, but not in closeness. However, there was stability of individual differences in both frequency of contact and closeness; closeness to the maternal grandmother was particularly stable for children living with a single mother. Intergenerational links were found with the mother's own childhood experiences, particularly in single‐mother families. Following parental separation, the matrifocal bias in kinship patterns was accentuated.
Identifying Rattus species using mitochondrial DNA
Authors: ROBINS JUDITH H. , HINGSTON MELANIE , MATISOO‐SMITH ELIZABETH , ROSS HOWARD A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn recent years, research has shown that geographical variation in mitochondrial DNA of commensal rats provides a strong signal of human dispersal and migration. However, interpretation of genetic variation is complicated by the presence of multiple species of Rattus especially in Island Southeast Asia, by the occurrence of some of these Rattus sp. as subfossils in archaeological and natural sites, and by the difficulty of osteological identification of these remains. Amplification of DNA from ancient sources usually yields only small fragments (∼200 bp). We assessed whether we could identify Rattus sp. reliably with DNA barcoding using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences, or tree‐based methods using D‐loop, cytochrome b and COI sequences. Species forming well‐differentiated clades in a molecular phylogeny were accurately identified by both methods, even when we used short DNA fragments. Identification was less accurate for paraphyletic and polyphyletic species. We suggest that taxonomic revisions that recognize cryptic or polytypic species will lead to even greater accuracy of DNA‐based identification methods.
wombsoft: anrpackage that implements the Wombling method to identify genetic boundary
Authors: CRIDA A. , MANEL S. 
Published: March 2007

Abstractwombsoftis anrpackage that analyses individually georeferenced multilocus genotypes for the inferences of genetic boundaries between populations. It is based on the Wombling method that estimates the systemic function by looking for the local variation of the allele frequencies. This study presents an original way of estimating the systemic function, based on the local polynomial regression, and a binomial test to assess the significance of boundaries. The method applies to codominant or dominant markers and allows for missing data. The softwarercan be downloaded fromhttp://www.r‐project.org/andwombsoftfromhttp://www‐leca.ujf‐grenoble.fr/logiciels.htmorhttp://www.r‐project.org/.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: FORSTMEIER WOLFGANG , SCHIELZETH HOLGER , SCHNEIDER MELANIE , KEMPENAERS BART 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo study the population genetics as well as the mating system of captive zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) populations, we developed primers for 12 microsatellite loci and screened them in 529 individuals from two successive generations of a single captive population. All markers were polymorphic with five to 14 alleles per locus. We checked all markers for Mendelian inheritance in 307 offspring whose parents were known for sure. Four markers showed evidence for the presence of null alleles. Once allowing for null alleles, we found no mismatches between offspring and parents, suggesting a very low rate of mutation. Average observed and expected heterozygosities across the eight loci showing no evidence for null‐alleles was 0.819 and 0.812, respectively.
A new species of Bracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitic on alien sweetpotato weevils in the south‐west islands of Japan
Authors: MAETO Kaoru , UESATO Takumi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new species of braconid, Bracon yasudai Maeto et Uesato sp. nov., is described here from the south‐west islands of Japan. It is a solitary idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the larvae of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Curculionidae), and the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Brentidae), both feeding on Ipomoea batatas (L.) (Convolvulaceae). The percentage parasitism of the braconid on E. postfasciatus in the vines of I. batatas was 19.9–40.7% in the field. Bracon cylasovorus (Rohwer) reared from C. formicarius in the Philippines is also described.
Amiota sinuata species group from eastern Malaysia (Diptera, Drosophilidae)
Authors: CHEN Hong‐wei , TODA Masanori J. , LAKIM Maklarin B. , MOHAMED Maryati Bte 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEight species of the Amiota sinuata species group are reported from eastern Malaysia, including six new species, A. bispinula, A. cerata, A. curvibacula, A. lambirensis, A. parviserrata and A. quadrifoliolata spp. nov. A key to Asian species of the group is provided.