bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Oxidation of Methanolic Solution of Sodium Cyanide. A Facile Formation of Dimethyl Oxaldiimidate
Authors: Chiba Toshiro , Okimoto Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Dimethyl oxaldiimidate could be obtained in good yield by the electrolytic oxidation of methanolic solution of sodium cyanide in a divided cell using a carbon anode. Analogous electrolysis in an undivided cell gave dimethyl imidocarbonate as the main product.
Reversible Thermal Isomerization of Three Geometrical Isomers for Chlorobis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)nitrosylruthenium(III)
Authors: Ikezawa Hidenori , Miki Eiichi , Mizumachi Kunihiko , Ishimori Tatsujiro , Wakatsuki Yasuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reversible thermal isomerization among the trans and two kinds of cis geometrical isomers of [RuCl(2mqn)2(NO)] (2mqn = 2-methyl-8-quinolinolate ion) was observed in degassed DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) at higher than 363 K. The mole ratio of the cis-1, the cis-2, and the trans isomers was 20 : 9 : 1 after the equilibrium was reached at 413 K, and it did not depend on the starting species.
New Synthetic Strategy for the Construction of the BCD Ring System of Tanshinones
Authors: Shishido Kozo , Takata Takeshi , Omodani Tomoki , Shibuya Masayuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Employing a strategy for the construction of fused furans based on an intramolecular [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxide, the BCD ring system 3 found in the tanshinone family as a common structural unit has been synthesized.
A Novel Photo-induced Fenton’s Reaction. Perfluorinated Poly(p-Phenylene)-catalyzed Photohydroxylation of Benzene with O2 and H2O to Phenol
Authors: Maruo Katsuya , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
18O Tracer study of perfluorinated poly(p-phenylene)-catalyzed photohydroxylation of benzene to phenol with H218O and 16O2 revealed that the hydroxylation initially occurs by the attack of the hydroxyl radical (H18O•) generated by the photooxidation of H218O, but the hydroxyl radical (H16O•) derived from the concurrently produced H216O2 comes to participate in further hydroxylation as the photocatalysis proceeds.
A New Ring System from Photocycloaddition of 6-Chloro-1 3-dimethyluracil to p- and m-Xylene. Formation of 6-Methylene-9,11,x-trimethyl-9,11-diazapentacyclo[6.4.0.01,3.02,5.04,8]dodecane-10,12-diones
Authors: Ohkura Kazue , Kanazashi Nobuhiko , Okamura Kimio , Date Tadamasa , Seki Koh-ichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
UV irradiation of 6-chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil in p- and m-xylene in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave the title compounds, novel cycloaddition products of the pyrimidine ring to the benzene moiety. Tetramethylcyclooctapyrimidine-2,4-diones were also yielded.
Inactivation of Gramicidin S by Acylation of Two Ornithine Residues with Higher Fatty Acids
Authors: Shimohigashi Yasuyuki , Ono Shin , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Yoshitomi Haruko , Waki Michinori , Ohno Motonori 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Two δ-amino groups of ornithine2,2′ of antibiotic gramicidin S (GS) were modified with a series of the acyl groups CnH2n+1CO (n = 0–17). None of these diacylated analogs exhibited any antimicrobial activities for fifty kinds of bacteria examined, being in contrast to the previous study in which the derivatives of GS carrying acyl groups of n = 8–15 holded high activity (Uehara, Chem. Abstr., 54, 17279h (1960)). Careful comparisons of physicochemical properties between the analogs synthesized by us and by Uehara suggested that the reported high activities of diacylated GS might be attributable to contamination of unmodified GS.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH on Thin Poly(acrylic acid) Film Coated Graphite Felt Electrode Coimmobilizing Ferrocene and Diaphorase
Authors: Kashiwagi Yoshitomo , Osa Tetsuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A thin poly(acrylic acid) film coated graphite felt electrode was chemically bonded with aminoferrocene and 2-aminoethylferrocene, and the properties of the latter bonded electrode (El 1) showed better electron transfer than the former bonded one. Then, El 1 was further bonded with diaphorase (Dp) to construct ferrocene (Fc)- and Dp-comodified electrode (El 2). El 2, which is stable and transfers electrons smoothly, was successfully used for the preparative and selective electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH to NAD+, being capable of repeated use without any appreciable inactivation.
A Novel Method for Synthesis of Cellooligosaccharide Derivatives by Using Enzyme Catalyst
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Obata Kei , Shoda Shin-ichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new methodology for regio and stereoselective synthesis of cellooligosaccharide derivatives has been developed by utilizing the following two enzymatic reactions: A cellulase-catalyzed stereoselective lactosylation of an alkyl cellobioside giving rise to a new oligosaccharide having a D-galactose unit at the non-reducing end and a β-galactosidase-catalyzed regioselective cleavage of the terminal D-galactose unit of the product.
Efficient Oxygenation of Alkene through Reductive Quenching of Excited Sb(V)tetraphenylporphyrin by Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Okamoto Takanobu , Takagi Shinsuke , Shiragami Tsutomu , Inoue Haruo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Novel efficient oxygenation route of cyclohexene into 2-cyclohexen-1-one (Φ = 0.14) upon visible light irradiation to tetraphenylporphyrinatoantimony(V) through reductive quenching of the excited triplet porphyrins by triphenylphosphine in aqueous acetonitrile has been found.
Structure and Conducting Properties of TMET-TTP Radical-Cation Salts
Authors: Mori Takehiko , Inokuchi Hiroo , Misaki Yohji , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Yamabe Tokio , Mori Hatsumi , Tanaka Shoji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Radical cation salts of TMET-TTP (2-(4′,5′-bis(thiomethyl)-1′,3′-dithiol-2′-ylidene)-5-(4″,5″-ethylenedithio-1″,3″-dithiol-2″-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene) with various anions show high electrical conductivity. Many of them have a similar structure with two-dimensional donor arrangement.
An Unusual 1-Oxa-2-sila-3-cyclopentene Ring Formation in the Palladium Catalyzed Reaction of Thallium Compound with 2-Methyl-4-trimethylsilyl-3-butyn-2-ol
Authors: Ohta Toshiharu , Shinoda Junko , Somei Masanori 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A palladium catalyzed reaction of (3-formylindol-4-yl)thallium(III) bistrifluoroacetate with 2-methyl-4-trimethylsilyl-3-butyn-2-ol gave 4-(2,2,3,5,5-pentamethyl-1-oxa-2-sila-3-cyclopenten-4-yl)indole-3-carboxaldehyde.
Crowned-coumarin as a New Fluorescence Derivatization Reagent for Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Takadate Akira , Masuda Toshinobu , Murata Chiyomi , Tanaka Toshiharu , Miyahara Hiroshi , Goya Shujiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
3-Bromoacetyl-6,7-[2′,3′-(1′,4′,7′,10′,13′-pentaoxacyclopentadeca)-2′-ene]coumarin (2) was prepared as a new fluorescence derivatization reagent for carboxylic acids in high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The derivatization of lauric acid with 2 was readily accomplished under a quite mild condition to yield a highly fluorescent lauric acid derivative. The reaction was accelarated by combining crown moiety as a catalytic site to coumarin fluorophore.
Kinetics and Diffusing Species in the Reaction between Molybdenum and Selenium Vapor
Authors: Sasaki Yoshinori , Wakatsuki Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Metallic molybdenum was selenidized at temperatures of 773–873 K in selenium vapor at 1.33 kPa. The reaction products were identified to be MoSe2 alone under all the experimental conditions. All the selenidizations obeyed a parabolic rate law. A marker experiment indicated that selenium was the component which diffused.
The Infrared Spectra of Triplet 4-Phenylbenzophenone
Authors: George Michael W , Kato Chihiro , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Microsecond time-resolved IR (TRIR) spectroscopy has been used to record the infrared spectra of the ππ* triplet states of 4-phenylbenzophenone and its 18O and 13C analogues. There is a definite shift in the frequency to lower wavenumber of the ν(CO) vibration. The intensity of the C-O vibration is similar in the ground and excited state. This is the first report of the infrared spectra of the excited triplet state of aromatic carbonyl compounds in room temperature solution.
A Neutron Emission from Lithium Niobate Fracture
Authors: Shirakawa Toshiaki , CHiba Masami , Fujii Masatoshi , Sueki Keisuke , Miyamoto Shinya , Nakamitu Yuki , Toriumi Hideyuki , Uehara Torahiko , Miura Hiroaki , Watanabe Toshihiro , Fukushima Kenji , Hirose Tachishige , Seimiya Tutomu , Nakahara Hiromichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We studied neutron emission from a crushing process of a Lithium-Niobate(LiNbO3) single crystal in deuterium gas atmosphere. We observed excess neutrons 3 counts/h with a confidence level of 99.95% that correspond 120 neutrons/h emission from process.
Generation of Acyl Radicals from 1-Oxidoalkylidenechromium(0) Complexes by Treatment with Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) and Their Reactions with Olefins
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Tetramethylammonium pentacarbonyl(1-oxidoalkylidene)chromium(0) complexes are oxidized with bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) to generate acyl radicals which react with electron-deficient olefins, giving intermolecular addition products.
In Situ Observation of the Au-Hg Alloy Formation on a Gold Electrode Surface by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Yang Xiaomin , Tonami Kousuke , Nagahara Larry Akio , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Wei Yu , Fujishima Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Bulk electrochemical deposition of mercury on Au(111) electrode surface in an acidic media, resulting in the formation of a Au-Hg alloy, has been studied in-situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images revealed that small alloy protrusions form initially next to the Au grain boundaries and gradually increase in size with increased deposition time. More importantly, these protrusions are always accompanied by the dissolution of gold at the grain boundaries, leaving many apparent pits visible on the amalgamated surface.
Direct and Electrophilic Preparation of α-Thiocyanatoketones and Aldehydes Using Thiocyanatotrimethylsilane and Sulfuryl Chloride
Authors: Tanabe Yoo , Makita Takuya , Mori Kei 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The thiocyanato (-SCN) group was directly and regioselectively introduced into the α-position of ketones, aldehydes, and aldols in an electrophilic manner by the combined use of thiocyanatotrimethylsilane and sulfuryl chloride with or without cyclic sec-amine catalysts under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Metallacycle Complexes of Ruthenium Derived from 1,1′-Dialkynylferrocene
Authors: Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Miyaji Kayoko , Adachi Tomohiro , Yoshida Toshikatsu , Sonogashira Kenkichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1,1′-bis(phenylethynyl)ferrocene with Ru3(CO)12 gave a novel trinuclear ruthenacycle complex having a [2]ferrocenophane skeleton. A similar treatment of 1,1′-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)ferrocene afforded not only a trinuclear ruthenacycle analog but also a dinuclear ruthenacycle complex that also possessed a [2]ferrocenophane skeleton. These complexes were characterized by means of spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses.
Aculeoside A, a Novel Steroidal Saponin Containing a Deoxyaldoketose from Ruscus aculeatus
Authors: Horikawa Tomohiko , Mimaki Yoshihiro , Kameyama Aiko , Sashida Yutaka , Nikaido Tamotsu , Ohmoto Taichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A novel steroidal saponin, named aculeoside A, embracing a deoxyaldoketose, 6-deoxy-d-glycero-l-threo-4-hexosulose, was isolated from the underground parts of Ruscus aculeatus. The structure was determined by extensive 2D NMR analysis and hydrolysis. Aculeoside A was active as a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
Synthesis and Properties of New Donors. 1,6-Methano[10]annulene and Naphthalene Derivatives with Tetrathiafulvalene Substituents
Authors: Kux Ulrich , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
New donors, containing one or two tetrathiafulvalenes at 2-, 2,7- and 2,10-positions of 1,6-methano[10]annulene or at 1,8-positions of naphthalene, have been synthesized. Through-space and/or through-bond interactions between TTF units in these compounds have been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry.
Organo-Rhodium Complex with Tridentate Biradical Ligand, [Rh(Cp*)(bisnitpy)](PF6)2
Authors: Oshio Hiroki , Ohto Akihiro , Fujisawa Jun’ichi , Watanabe Takashi , Ito Tasuku , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new Rh(III) complex, [Rh(Cp*)(bisnitpy)](PF6)2 (Cp* = η5-C5Me5 and bisnitpy = 2,6-bis(1′-oxyl-3′-oxido-4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4′,5′-dihydro-1′H-imidazol-2′-yl)pyridine), has been prepared, which is the first example of organometallic complex having nitronyl nitroxide ligand. X-ray structure and magnetic property of the title complex are reported.
Estimation of Total Infrared Intensities of Fluorinated Ethyl Methyl Ethers
Authors: Suga Atsuo , Mochizuki Yuji , Nagasaki Noritaka , Gotoh Yoshihiko , Ito Haruaki , Yamashita Shiro , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Sugie Masaaki , Sekiya Akira , Kondo Shigeo , Aoyagi Mutsumi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An excellent linear correlation was found between calculated and experimental total infrared intensities in the region of 500–2000 cm−1 for five partially fluorinated ethyl methyl ethers, HFC-134a, and CFC-11. The calculated results using ab initio molecular orbital method with D95V**(Huzinaga-Dunning’s valence double zeta) show the best linear correlation among basis sets examined in this study. The correlation coefficient with D95V** is 0.9993 although the calculated values are on the average 32% higher than experimental ones.
Glass Formation and Phase Transition of Novel π-Electron Starburst Molecules, 1,3,5-Tris(phenyl-2-thienylamino)benzene and 1,3,5-Tris(phenyl-3-thienylamino)benzene
Authors: Ueta Emi , Nakano Hideyuki , Shirota Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Novel π-electron starburst molecules, 1,3,5-tris(phenyl-2-thienylamino)benzene (α-TPTAB) and 1,3,5-tris(phenyl-3-thienylamino)benzene (β-TPTAB), are found to form amorphous glasses with well-defined glass-transition temperatures of 38 and 46 °C, respectively, while 1,3,5-tris(diphenylamino)benzene instantly crystallizes. The result leads to a concept of “increasing the number of conformers of nonplanar molecules” for a molecular design of amorphous molecular glasses. The glasses of α-TPTAB and β-TPTAB are found to be transformed finally into crystals with the highest melting points via metastable crystals on heating.
Utility of an Inverse-Matrix Technique in the Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry-Based Structural Determination of 2-Substituted 1,3-Bis(benzotriazolyl)isoindolines
Authors: Isa Kimio , Takahashi Ichiro , Tsuzuki Mikio , Yokota Hiroshi , Kitajima Hidehiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Molecular ions (M+’s) of reactive synthetic intermediates (1,3-bis(benzotriazolyl)isoindolines) can be monitored with certainty through a new sample-sorting technique in the fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS).
How Do Nitrogen Bases Accelerate the Decomposition of H2O2 in a Manganese Porphyrin Dimer Catalyst? Quantitative Evaluation of the Base Effects by Its Axial Coordination vs. General-base Catalysis
Authors: Naruta Yoshinori , Sasayama Masa-aki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Kinetic analysis of the dismutation reaction of H2O2 with a cofacial manganese porphyrin dimer gave the separate evaluation of two roles of nitrogen bases on the decomposition of H2O2 and the axial coordination of bases enhances the reaction of H2O2 with the manganese porphyrin in 6.6 times larger than by a general-base catalysis.
Distribution and Trend of Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) in the Atmosphere
Authors: Chen Limin , Makide Yoshihiro , Tominaga Takeshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Atmospheric concentration of HCFC-22 in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres over the past 15 years was measured by using an oxygen sensitized ECD (electron capture detector). The global concentration increased by about 5.2 ± 0.4 pptv (pptv = 10−12 v/v) per year for the period 1980–1988, and about 10.3 ± 0.2 pptv per year for the period 1988–1994. The observed result until 1988 was consistent with the mixing ratios calculated by 2-box model based on the statistical figures of production and emission with 14.0 ± 1.5 years lifetime. However, the observed data suggest that the statistical figures of HCFC-22 emission have been underestimated since 1988.
Effects of Sex and Age on Bone Microstructure at the Ultradistal Radius: A Population-Based Noninvasive In Vivo Assessment
Authors: Khosla Sundeep , Riggs B Lawrence , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Oberg Ann L , McDaniel Lisa J , Holets Margaret , Peterson James M , Melton L Joseph 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In a population-based cross-sectional study, we examined effects of sex and age on bone microstructure at the wrist using high-resolution 3-D pQCT. Compared with women, men had thicker trabeculae in young adulthood and had less microstructural damage with aging. These findings may contribute to the virtual immunity of men to age-related increases in wrist fractures.
Introduction: Although changes in bone microstructure contribute to fracture risk independently of BMD, it has not heretofore been possible to assess this noninvasively in population-based studies.
Materials and Methods: We used high-resolution 3-D pQCT imaging (voxel size, 89 μm) to define, in a random sample of women (n = 324) and men (n = 278) 21–97 years of age, sex and age effects on bone microstructure at the wrist.
Results: Relative to young women (age, 20–29 years), young men had greater trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV; by 26%, p = 0.001) and trabecular thickness (TbTh; by 28%, p &lt; 0.001) but similar values for trabecular number (TbN) and trabecular separation (TbSp). Between ages 20 and 90 years, cross-sectional decreases in BV/TV were similar in women (−27%) and in men (−26%), but whereas women had significant decreases in TbN (−13%) and increases in TbSp (+24%), these parameters had little net change over life in men (+7% and −2% for TbN and TbSp, respectively; p &lt; 0.001 versus women). However, TbTh decreased to a greater extent in men (−24%) than in women (−18%; p = 0.010 versus men).
Conclusions: Whereas decreases with age in trabecular BV/TV are similar in men and women, the structural basis for the decrease in trabecular volume is quite different between the sexes. Thus, over life, women undergo loss of trabeculae with an increase in TbSp, whereas men begin young adult life with thicker trabeculae and primarily sustain trabecular thinning with no net change in TbN or TbSp. Because decreases in TbN have been shown to have a much greater impact on bone strength compared with decreases in TbTh, these findings may help explain the lower life-long risk of fractures in men, and specifically, their virtual immunity to age-related increases in distal forearm fractures.
Identification of Multiple Osteoclast Precursor Populations in Murine Bone Marrow
Authors: Jacquin Claire , Gran Diane E , Lee Sun Kyeong , Lorenzo Joseph A , Aguila Hector L 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Murine BM was fractionated using a series of hematopoietic markers to characterize its osteoclast progenitor populations. We found that the early osteoclastogenic activity in total BM was recapitulated by a population of cells contained within the CD11b−/low CD45R−CD3−CD115high fraction.
Introduction: Osteoclasts are of hematopoietic origin and they have been shown to share the same lineage as macrophages. We further characterized the phenotype of osteoclast progenitor populations in murine bone marrow (BM) by analyzing their cell surface markers.
Materials and Methods: We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to identify the subsets of BM cells that contained osteoclast progenitors. We fractionated BM according to several markers and cultured the sorted populations for a period of 2–6 days with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL. The numbers of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) that formed in the cultures were counted.
Results: We found that the CD45R−CD11b−/low population recapitulated the early osteoclastogenic activity of total BM. In addition, although previous experiments indicated that osteoclastogenic activity was enriched within the CD45R+ population, we found that highly purified CD45R+ BM was incapable of differentiating into osteoclasts in vitro. We also found that CD45R−CD11bhigh BM cells were an inefficient source of osteoclast progenitors. However, CD11b was transiently upregulated by cells of the CD45R−CD11b−/low fraction early (within 24 h) during culture with M-CSF. Finally, further fractionation of BM using CD115 and CD117 showed that, as osteoclast precursor cells matured, they downregulate CD117 but remain CD115+. Curiously, pure populations of CD117− (CD115high) cells isolated fresh from BM have low osteoclastogenic activity in vitro.
Conclusions: We provided a refined analysis of the precise subpopulations of murine BM that are capable of differentiating into OCLs in vitro when treated with M-CSF and RANKL.
Population-Based Analysis of the Relationship of Whole Bone Strength Indices and Fall-Related Loads to Age- and Sex-Specific Patterns of Hip and Wrist Fractures
Authors: Riggs B Lawrence , Melton L Joseph , Robb Richard A , Camp Jon J , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Oberg Ann L , Rouleau Peggy A , McCollough Cynthia H , Khosla Sundeep , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In an age- and sex-stratified population sample (n = 700), we estimated fall-related loads and bone strength indices at the UDR and FN. These load/strength ratios more closely simulated patterns of wrist and hip fractures occurring in the same population than did measurement of vBMD.
Introduction: Areal BMD measurements, although associated with fracture risk, incompletely explain patterns of fragility fractures. Moreover, population-based assessments relating applied loads and whole bone strength to fracture patterns have not been made.
Materials and Methods: Using QCT, we assessed volumetric BMD (vBMD), cross-sectional geometry, and axial (EA) and flexural (EI) rigidities (indices of bone's resistance to compressive and bending loads, respectively) at the ultradistal radius (UDR) and femoral neck (FN) and estimated the loads applied to the wrist and hip during a fall. We used fall load (FL)/bone strength ratios to estimate fracture risk.
Results: vBMD in young adults was similar between sexes. Decreases in vBMD over life were also similar (30% and 28%) at UDR but were somewhat greater (46% and 34%) at FN in women versus men, respectively. In young adults, FL/strength ratios at UDR were 32–51% lower (better) in men than in women and increased (worsened) over life less in men (+4% to +22%) than in women (+20% to +33%). In young adults, FL/strength ratios at FN were only marginally better in men than in women but worsened less over life in men (+22% to +36%) than in women (+40% to +62%).
Conclusions: The 6:1 female preponderance and the virtual immunity of men for age-related increases in wrist fractures are largely explained by the more favorable FL/strength ratios at UDR in young adult men (because of larger bone size and more favorable geometry) versus women and to maintaining this advantage over life. The 2-fold lower incidence of hip fractures in men versus women is largely explained by age-related increases (worsening) of FL/bone strength ratios that are only one-half of the increases in women. The moderate increases in these ratios with aging are insufficient to explain the &gt;4-fold increase in hip fracture incidence after age 75 in both sexes, suggesting contributions of other factors, especially the well-documented increased frequency of injurious falls among the elderly.