bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation and Prediction of Residual Oil Saturation for Gas-Injection-Enhanced Oil-Recovery Processes
Authors: Lange E. A. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
A promising correlation has been developed that can be used to predict miscible or near-miscible residual oil saturation, Sorm, for a wide range of injected gases, crude oils, temperature, and pressure conditions. The correlation is based on the representation of the chemical and physical properties of the crude oil and the injected gas through Hildebrand solubility parameters. This approach has the advantage that characteristics of both the injected gas and crude oil are included in the correlation, in contrast to correlations based solely on properties of the injected gas.
The correlation was developed using available experimental data for tertiary recovery of eight crude oils in carbonate and sandstone cores with common enhanced oil recovery (EOR) gases [CO2, N2, CH4, CH4 + liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)]. Results for 45 coreflood tests at reservoir conditions collapsed along a band when Sorm was plotted as a function of the difference in solubility parameters between the injected gas and the crude oil. Results for a pure oil, decane, with CO2 lay along the same band. The success of this correlation scheme may be the result of the basic characterization of the fluids and of a relationship between solubility parameters and interfacial tension (IFT). Use of the correlation requires knowledge only of injected gas composition, injected gas density, oil average molecular weight, and temperature.
This empirical correlation should have utility in screening studies as a simple means to forecast residual oil saturations as measured in coreflood tests. The correlation can be used to predict roughly the effects of changes in pressure, temperature, or injected gas composition on residual oil saturation. A new method to predict minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) based on the solubility parameter concept is also described.
Application of Horizontal Wells to a Tight-Gas Sandstone Reservoir: A Case History
Authors: Guyatt R. C. P. , Allen J. P. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The Anglia gas field is located in the southern sector of the U.K. Continental Shelf (UKCS) in Blocks 48/18b and 48/19b. The reservoir is contained within the Permian Rotliegendes sandstone and is of small to medium size by U.K. southern North Sea standards. The field is divided into an east and west area with the gas initially in place distributed equally. Appraisal-drilling results indicated that the eastern portion of the field exhibited good productivity, whereas wells drilled into the western area produced at subeconomic rates. Development studies showed that to make the field development economically viable, well rates would have to be increased in the poorer western region. Conventional stimulation techniques were explored, particularly hydraulic fracturing; however, these proved unsuccessful owing to the proximity of the water leg. Attention, consequently, focused on the then emerging technique of horizontal drilling as a means of increasing well productivity. Development of a geologic model identified that the reservoir could be zoned into six reservoir units and that to maximize productivity, placement of the well into the predominantly aeolian zones was necessary. Reservoir simulation studies showed that a minimum 70-ft stand-off from the gas/water contact (GWC) was required to maximize ultimate recovery. This paper describes the analysis methods used and the results of applying horizontal wells in the field development and shows how, at a small cost premium, the method enabled a marginal field to be developed successfully.
The Dual-Spacing Neutron Log-CNL
Authors: Alger R.P. , Locke S. , Nagel W.A. , Sherman H. 
Published: December 2007

A new dual-spacing neutron tool developed for porosity determination and gas detection in open or cased boreholes is combinable with various other logging tools. Simultaneous recording saves rig time, and an overlay log presentation facilitates wellsite interpretation. presentation facilitates wellsite interpretation. Introduction
A two-detector neutron tool has been developed to determine porosity in open and cased boreholes. The response of the tool is determined by the rate at which the thermal neutron population decreases with distance from the source. This rate of decrease is principally determined by the porosity of the formation.
The quantity measured is the ratio of counting rate from the near-spaced detector to that from the far-spaced detector. The surface control panel converts this ratio to a porosity index, which is then displayed on a linear scale. Individual counting rates, count-rate ratio, and porosity index may also be recorded on magnetic tape for subsequent machine computation.
The dual-spacing measurement provides compensation for the effects of hole conditions - salinity, temperature, mud type, and mud cake. The residual effects are generally small. The log has therefore been named the compensated neutron log (CNL*).
The porosity uncertainty caused by statistical variations is diminished through the use of a high-yield chemical neutron source.
A unique feature of the tool is that it may be run in combination with other logging tools such as the formation density, thermal decay time. sonic, and induction-spherically focused logs. Such combinations make possible overlay presentations for wellsite interpretation, and offer the advantages of reduced rig time and positive depth matching.
Dual-Spacing Neutron Detection Principle - Fast neutrons from a point source radiate into an infinite homogeneous medium and are slowed down by repeated collisions until they are in thermal equilibrium with the atoms of the medium. The thermal neutrons continue to diffuse, but, on the average, suffer no further energy loss. Eventually they experience absorbing collisions (capture collisions) and disappear from the system.
In the process of slowing down, the neutron "cloud" spreads out spatially. The width of this spatial distribution is frequently characterized by a single property, called the slowing-down length. This is a measure of the size of the cloud of neutrons of a particular energy. It is proportional to the mean particular energy. It is proportional to the mean distance that neutrons travel from the source in slowing down to that energy.
An alternative theoretical model emphasizes the so-called group-diffusion theory. In this case, one treats all the neutrons in the medium (usually down to some preassigned energy) as if they had the average energy of the group. This approach, also, leads to the definition of a characteristic parameter, the diffusion length, which is a measure of the width of the spatial distribution of the neutrons in the group.
P. 1073
Computer Methods of Diplog Correlation
Authors: Schoonover L.G. , Holt O.R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents an automatic Diplog processing system that incorporates several new processing system that incorporates several new techniques and allows alternative processing paths.
The rationale for selecting the product-moment method as the primary correlation technique is given, and the algorithm for variable window-length correlation and infinite-clip methods discussed. In the screening section, several approaches to grading and screening of picks to improve the appearance of the machine-correlated Diplogs are discussed. The derivation of flexible vector analysis equations for dip calculation is also presented.

Introduction
Modern logging technology appears to be on a definite trend toward the recording of well log data on magnetic tape. The use of digital tape for Diplog data processing has been increasing for several years and will continue to become more significant. The use of magnetic tape for processing theoretically makes the turn-around time faster and makes screening and filtering of large amounts of data feasible.
Processing of digital tapes can take any of several routes, some better than others for a particular set of conditions. In this paper, we particular set of conditions. In this paper, we present several of the possible approaches to present several of the possible approaches to processing the data and explain the rationale for processing the data and explain the rationale for choosing a particular one. In addition, several approaches that we feel are both new and useful are presented.
New Tool Permits Simultaneous Production of Two Reservoirs Through the Same Flow String
Authors: Hodges J.W. 
Published: December 2007

HODGES, J.W., MEMBER AIME, SUN OIL CO., BEAUMONT, TEX.

Abstract
The constant search for methods to increase the efficiency of production systems and to reduce operating costs has led to the development of a wireline tool which makes it possible to produce and control two separate reservoirs through a single string of tubing. This paper is a progress report of the experience one company has gained with this tool in eight of its dually complete wells in Louisiana and Texas. Field tests have clearly demonstrated that this device can be used to maintain separation of production from each and to change the rate of production as required. The advantages in simultaneous one-string multiple completions of the method are discussed.

Introduction
It is now almost standard operating procedure to complete wells in more than one zone wherever possible, with the great majority of these multiples being dual completions. This is a sign of the times. Saving must be accomplished wherever possible; however, there is no need to expand on this theme. All are painfully aware of the economic conditions within the industry. It is sufficient to say that the practice of multiple completions is here to stay and is becoming more popular every day. The only question is whether or not the practice has evolved into its most acceptable form. The earlier duals were the concentric type, with one zone producing through the tubing and the other through the tubing-casing annulus. This method is still practiced to a large degree. It is popular because it is relatively inexpensive. Unfortunately, it has some rather severe limitations, with which the reader undoubtedly is familiar. The twin-string dual is an improvement over the concentric in the sense that many of the problems associated with the concentric have been solved. The objectionable features of the twinstring dual are the high cost of equipping the well with an extra string of tubing, plus accessories, and the complications brought on by cramming all this tubing into one string of casing. Still another type of multiple is the tubingless completion, wherein two or more small casing strings are cemented in place and subsequent operations performed with miniaturized equipment. The purpose of this paper is to present a different concept in multiple completion-the simultaneous production of separate reservoirs in a single flow string. This method combines the simplicity and low cost of the concentric with the flexibility of the twinstring dual. In addition, it provides the unique advantage of prolonging natural flow from a low-pressure zone by combining its production with the fluids produced from a higher-pressure zone. The wireline tool which makes this method possible is the multiple-completion choke assembly.

Construction and Operation of the Multiple-Completion Choke Assembly
Fig. 1 shows a well properly equipped to receive a multiple-completion choke assembly. A conventional packer separates the two producing zones. The upper packer is optional.
JPT
P. 1079^
Knowledge Management in the E & P Sector: Concepts, Standards and a Vision for the Future
Authors: Donohue D. A. T. , Meyer H. S. , Johnson R. W. , Woelk Darrell , Ogle K. C. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
New information technologies are poised to meet the E&P industry's growing need for a comprehensive technology transfer system that provides easy access to a wide range of information and training resources. Ongoing developments in electronic knowledge management offer a means of imparting structure, accessibility, and quality-control mechanisms to such a system. In this paper, we discuss new developments in technology transfer, report on results from a technology transfer survey of 92 companies, and suggest how knowledge management may be applied in the E&P sector.
Chemical Aspects of In-Situ Combustion - Heat of Combustion and Kinetics
Authors: Burger J.G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
General remarks on the oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons involved in in-situ combustion are followed by estimates of heat releases. A formula is derived for computing the heat of combustion in the high-temperature zone. Reaction kinetics in porous media applied to the in-situ combustion porous media applied to the in-situ combustion process is discussed. It is observed that there is process is discussed. It is observed that there is some similarity between the kinetics of reverse and partially quenched combustion processes. The influence of additives on crude oil oxidation in porous media is illustrated by effluent gas analysis experiments. Some information concerning the values of the kinetic parameters of the reaction controlling the velocity of a reverse combustion front is derived from the interpretation of laboratory experiments, using a numerical model.

Introduction
A great deal of laboratory and field work has been done on thermal recovery methods. The importance and limitations of these techniques have been extensively studied. However, some of the chemical and physical problems involved that needed to be elucidated were studied as part of a research program carried out by the Institut Francais du Petrole. Specific problems are created by in-situ combustion since both the possibility of combustion-front propagation and the air requirement are controlled by the extent of the exothermic oxidation reactions. Actually, the propagation velocity of a forward combustion front depends on the fuel formation and combustion, which are controlled by the kinetics of these processes; furthermore, the peak temperature is related to the heat released by oxidation and combustion reactions. Therefore, a quantitative estimation of the parameters related to the chemical aspects of the parameters related to the chemical aspects of the process is a necessary step in studying combustion process is a necessary step in studying combustion through a porous medium. General and theoretical considerations on heats of reaction and kinetics are presented and illustrated by experimental data and numerical interpretation of the results.
Web Sites Build a Network of Independent Resources
Authors: Rowell Deborah 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Independent operators need access to new technologies that reduce the costs of finding, drilling, and producing oil and natural gas. Identifying new and existing cost-effective technologies, however, is often beyond the independent's reach because of limited resources. These E&P companies must gain electronic access to available technologies to survive today's changing industry conditions.
The Internet's petroleum-related Web sites contain records of reservoir management solutions, including case studies from applying new technologies. The design and content of these public and commercial Web sites rest solely on the skill of their creators. Few can predict the next turn in this information highway. Virtually everything is under construction, such as new programs, new ways of accessing and organizing data, and search engines.
The Petroleum Technology Transfer Council (PTTC), a national nonprofit organization, was formed in 1994 by the E&P industry to address the technology needs primarily of independent U.S. companies. PTTC offers an array of programs to help producers, such as an electronic information network on the Internet that allows access to a growing database of regionally maintained E&P information. The network links 10 regional Web sites to the national site (http://www.pttc.org/hq/).
Temperature Distribution in Circulating Mud Columns
Authors: Keller H.H. , Couch E.J. , Berry P.M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A model describing the two-dimensional transient heat transfer in and around a wellbore is developed. The model considers the fluid flowing down a drill string and returning up the annulus. Calculated results show that the use of steady-state solutions previously published give good estimates of previously published give good estimates of circulating mud temperatures. The transient solution presented here is more suited for matching presented here is more suited for matching temperature logs. The viscous flow energy, rotational energy, and drill bit energy were found to be significant items in the energy balance and are included in the model.
Calculated vertical temperature distributions in the innermost casing string permit the determination of the average temperature increase in that pipe. This quantity may then be used to compute thermal stresses and to predict casing stability.

Introduction
In drilling deep wells (15,000 to 30,000 ft) the geothermal temperatures encountered can cause problems with drilling fluids, drill pipe, and casing. problems with drilling fluids, drill pipe, and casing. To evaluate the effects of these high temperatures on the drill pipe and casing, it is necessary to know the temperature distributions in these pipe strings.
Previous work includes the approximate model described by Edwardson et al. for estimating formation temperature disturbances resulting from mud circulation. This work formed the basis for the calculation method that Crawford et al. proposed for estimating mud temperatures. Ramey proposed a model for solution of the wellbore heat transmission problem. He assumed that heat transfer in the problem. He assumed that heat transfer in the wellbore is steady-state while heat transfer in the earth is due to transient radial heat conduction. Ramey's model gave results comparable to the more exact method of Squier et al. and formed the basis for the solution of other wellbore circulation problems. problems. Two recent treatments of the mud circulation problem are based on models that assume steady-state problem are based on models that assume steady-state conditions in both the wellbore and the surrounding earth. The treatment of this problem by Raymond is very good with the exception that he neglected the presence of the casing strings and the effects of presence of the casing strings and the effects of energy sources in the system.
The prediction of these temperature distributions can best be accomplished with a two-dimensional thermal model that accounts for the dynamic flow, of mud down the drill pipe and back up through the annulus around the drill pipe, with appropriate heat interchange by convection and conduction. Such a model is described in this paper.
Analysis of Short Transient Tests Affected by Changing Wellbore Storage
Authors: Vásquez-Cruz M. A. , Camacho-Velázquez R. A. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryIt is well known that wellbore storage and phase redistribution have a direct influence over well-testing data, mainly on those recorded at early times of the test. After this early time period, such influence disappears, and the pressure response is dominated by the reservoir and the skin zone properties. However, sometimes the effects of wellbore dynamics last long enough to completely disguise the reservoir response. This situation frequently constrains the use of such analysis procedures as type-curve matching, especially if the test did not last long enough to reach radial-flow conditions. Some tests are uninterpretable because of the duration of these wellbore effects.By means of two classical models related to well test affected by changing wellbore storage, this work introduces a new method of analysis for those tests with insufficient duration to reach radial-flow conditions. The methodology proposed in this work is illustrated with synthetic examples and a field case. For some synthetic cases the type-curve-matching procedure may yield completely erroneous values for the parameters, whereas, with the suggested method, reasonable estimates are obtained.
A Blotter-Type Electrolytic Model Determination of Areal Sweeps in Oil Recovery by In-Situ Combustion
Authors: Ramey H.J. , Nabor G.W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A blotter-type electrolytic model was utilized to prepare flow diagrams for a field test of the in-situ combustion process. It is pointed out that the areal sweep of a combustion pattern is similar to sweep patterns that would be developed at an infinite mobility ratio, which exists (approximately) across a combustion front because of the complete removal of liquids from the sand behind it.
The precision of the blotter method was tested by comparison with results obtained by other techniques and was found to be satisfactory. The blotter-type model will not furnish as much information as more elaborate and expensive potentiometric models, but its speed of operation and ease of construction make it a highly satisfactory tool to determine areal sweep patterns. A tabulation of sweep efficiency and mobility ratio is furnished for various well geometries.

Introduction
In connection with the first field experiment with the in-situ combustion method of oil recovery: flow diagrams for the unique well geometry and boundary conditions involved in the subject test were developed. From these diagrams, information concerning the areal sweep and distribution of flow was obtained. A survey of the literature on potentiometric models, utilized to solve two-dimensional flow problems, indicated that the' information desired could be obtained by means of a blotter-type model by making certain modifications in the technique. The following discussion describes the application of the modified blotter-type electrolytic model to the solution of the problem of the flow of gases in an oil reservoir for an engineering appraisal of the progress of the combustion front during the first field experiment.

Theory
Considerable information has been published on the theoretical aspects of electrical model techniques. One author stated that:
"The models are based on the observation that since the velocity of an ion in an electrolytic system is proportional to the potential gradient, just as the velocity of a fluid particle in a porous medium is proportional to the pressure gradient, the paths of the ions in the electrolytic systems must be similar to those of the fluid particles in a porous medium with the same geometry and equivalent boundary conditions."
This suggestion of a real analogy has been established repeatedly by comparisons of analytic derivations with model results.