bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of new screening protocol on individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Mak T. , Senevrayar K. , Lalloo F. , Evans D. G. R. , Hill J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective  Screening colonoscopy has been shown to reduce mortality and cancer stage in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) individuals. However, the benefit of screening in intermediate risk groups is unknown. The most recent national guidelines have recommended a reduction of screening frequency for the intermediate risk group. Therefore, this study aims to compare the results of colonoscopic screening in HNPCC and intermediate risk groups and assess the effect of the most recent screening protocol recommendations.Method  A total of 244 individuals; 108 from HNPCC families (28 mismatch repair gene carriers) and 136 from intermediate risk families were referred for regular colonoscopic screening by the Regional Genetics Service. Findings from 417 colonoscopies performed between 1992 and 2003 were evaluated.Results  A total of three cancers, 39 adenomas and 41 hyperplastic polyps were found in the HNPCC group compared with one cancer, 22 adenomas and 19 hyperplasic polyps in the intermediate risk group. If the recent screening guidelines for the intermediate group were applied, then 89 (44%) fewer colonoscopies would have been performed. Although no cancers would have been missed, six adenomas (mean size = 5.7 mm, range 2–10 mm) with two graded as severely dysplasic and six hyperplastic polyps would not have been detected.Conclusion  The detection rate and distribution of adenomas were similar in both groups. If the new colonoscopic screening recommendations for the intermediate risk group had been applied, a small number of significant lesions would have been missed.
Discordance between intramuscular triglyceride and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic rats after treatment with fenofibrate and rosiglitazone
Authors: Nadeau K. J. , Ehlers L. B. , Aguirre L. E. , Reusch J. E. B. , Draznin B. 
Published: February 2007

Aim:  Intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) correlates with insulin resistance, but there is no clear causal relationship. Insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinaemia may increase IMTG, via the insulin‐regulated transcription factor, sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1). PPAR agonists may also affect IMTG via changes in insulin sensitivity, SREBP‐1 or other factors.Methods:  We examined skeletal muscle IMTG and SREBP‐1 expression, and metabolic parameters in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) after 25 weeks of PPAR‐γ or PPAR‐α administration.Results:  Compared with Zucker lean rats (ZL), untreated ZDF had significantly higher weights, serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, total cholesterol and triglycerides. IMTG and SREBP‐1c messenger RNA (mRNA) were also higher in untreated ZDF; both were decreased by fenofibrate (FF). Rosiglitazone (Rosi), despite marked improvement in glycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia, failed to affect SREBP‐1 expression, and increased body weight and IMTG. Rosi/FF combination caused less weight gain and no IMTG increase, despite metabolic effects similar to Rosi alone.Conclusions:  IMTG and SREBP‐1c mRNA are high in the ZDF. FF and Rosi both improved insulin sensitivity but had opposite effects on IMTG. Thus, there was a clear discordance between insulin sensitivity and IMTG with PPAR agonists, indicating that IMTG and insulin sensitivity do not share a simple relationship.
The Construction of the Myth of Survival
Authors: González de la Rocha Mercedes 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTA myth has come into being that the poor household/family is able to survive in spite of a lack of resources and the presence of macroeconomic policies that foster unemployment and poverty. It has an accompanying fable that tells of how the poor manage to implement survival strategies that are based on their endless capacity to work, to consume less and to be part of mutual help networks. This myth has become a useful tool for policy makers as they design more aggressive neoliberal economic adjustment policies. This contribution examines anthropological and sociological insights regarding the life of the poor and the organization of their households, in which women's paid and unpaid work is an integral part. Through the lens of a researcher in the field of urban poverty and household organization, the article re‐examines the fable of the good survivor. Evidence debunks the myth, showing that the optimistic message of this fable does not match with the realities of the impact of economic change on women's lives. But the myth is sustained, as this more negative story is not one that supra‐national policy actors want to hear.
“Who's Going to Man the Factories and be the Sexual Slaves if we all get PhDs?” Democratizing Knowledge Production, Pedagogy, and the Detroit Geographical Expedition and Institute
Authors: Heyman Rich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIdentifying a policy/activism dichotomy in critical geography debates about political engagement, this paper uses the Detroit Geographical Expedition and Institute (DGEI) as a way to think about teaching as an alternative response for left geographers. By focusing on the DGEI's commitment to expanding access to knowledge production, not simply the dissemination of knowledge, the paper highlights the radical potential of a key form of academic work, teaching, but reconceived as a radically democratic project aimed at breaking the cycle of expert knowledge production. This potential has largely been marginalized in the development of radical geography, but it has been carried forward, latently, in much of the best thinking about the democratic possibilities of knowledge production, namely feminist discussions of situated knowledges. The paper argues that revisiting the DGEI helps to push those discussions further and restore teaching as a central concern of radical geography's project of promoting social justice.
Nature's Materiality and the Circuitous Paths of Accumulation: Dispossession of Freshwater Fisheries in Cambodia
Authors: Sneddon Chris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper examines recent conflicts over freshwater fisheries in Cambodia using the notion of accumulation through dispossession as a conceptual starting point. Despite a recent material turn, theoretical literature on the political economy of the environment has only partially incorporated an ecologically nuanced view of nature into analyses of its transformation under processes of capital accumulation. The biophysical characteristics of riverine fisheries are predicated on the ecohydrologic dynamics of water flows, and these characteristics dictate strategies of appropriation for both subsistence and commercial use. The complexity of these material characteristics is compounded in the case of Cambodian fisheries, where an array of state‐ and market‐driven processes promote the dispossession of resources and constrain the livelihood opportunities of rural communities dependent on fishing. Theories of capital accumulation and how accumulation induces socioecological conflicts can be very useful, firstly, for explaining the origins of environmental conflicts and, secondly, for grounding the analysis of such conflicts in the politics of accumulation as mediated by state actors. Conversely, theoretical framings of primitive accumulation must examine the “things” being accumulated (eg riverine fisheries) in far more biophysically specific ways, and must recognize the circuitous pathways, particularly in cases involving developmental states, that strategies of accumulation follow.
The Impact of Liberalizing Trade in Services on Trade in Goods: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Blyde Juan , Sinyavskaya Natalia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper we use a large dataset to explore whether the liberalization of trade in services is beneficial for the international trade in goods. We find empirical evidence supporting this notion. We investigate which types of trade in services are more important for the international trade in goods and find that trade in transportation and communication services generate the largest impacts on trade in goods. We also investigate which types of trade in goods are likely to benefit from the liberalization of trade in services and find that, under the 2‐digit ISTC classification, all the categories are likely to exhibit a positive impact.
Correlation Between Genetic Variations in Hox Clusters and Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Garcia‐Barceló M. M. , Miao X. , Lui V. C. H. , So M. T. , Ngan E. S. W. , Leon T. Y. Y. , Lau D. K. C. , Liu T. T. , Lao X. , Guo W. , Holden W. T. , Moore J. , Tam P. K. H. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryInteractions between migrating neural crest cells and the environment of the gut are crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS). A key signalling mediator is the RET‐receptor‐tyrosine‐kinase which, when defective, causes Hirschprung's disease (HSCR, colon aganglionosis). RET mutations alone cannot account for the variable HSCR phenotype, invoking interactions with as yet unknown, and probably inter‐related, loci involved in ENS development. Homeobox (HOX) genes have a major role in gut development as depicted by the enteric Hox code. We investigated whether DNA alterations in HOX genes, either alone or in combination with RET, are implicated in HSCR. Genotyping effort was minimized by applying the HapMap data on Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB). 194 HSCR patients and 168 controls were genotyped using Sequenom technology for 72 tag, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed along the HOX clusters. The HapMap frequencies were compared to those in our population and standard statistics were used for frequency comparisons. The multifactor‐dimensionality‐reduction method was used for multilocus analysis, in which RET promoter SNP genotypes were included. Genetic interactions were found between two HOX loci (5′‐HOXA13 and 3′UTR‐HOXB7) and the RET loci tested. Minor allele frequencies (MAF) of the SNPs tested in our sample were not significantly different from those reported by HapMap when the sample sizes of the populations compared were considered. This is the first evaluation of the HOX genes in HSCR and the first application of HapMap data in a Chinese population. The interacting HOX loci may affect the penetrance of the RET risk allele. HapMap data for the CHB population correlated well with the general Chinese population.
Altered MAP kinase phosphorylation and impaired motor coordination in PTPRR deficient mice
Authors: Chirivi Renato G. S. , Noordman Yvet E. , Zee Catharina E. E. M. Van der , Hendriks Wiljan J. A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe neuronal protein tyrosine phosphatases encoded by mouse gene Ptprr (PTPBR7, PTP‐SL, PTPPBSγ‐42 and PTPPBSγ‐37) have been implicated in mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase deactivation on the basis of transfection experiments. To determine their physiological role in vivo, we generated mice that lack all PTPRR isoforms. Ptprr−/− mice were viable and fertile, and not different from wildtype littermates regarding general physiology or explorative behaviour. Highest PTPRR protein levels are in cerebellum Purkinje cells, but no overt effects of PTPRR deficiency on brain morphology, Purkinje cell number or dendritic branching were detected. However, MAP kinase phosphorylation levels were significantly altered in the PTPRR‐deficient cerebellum and cerebrum homogenates. Most notably, increased phospho‐ERK1/2 immunostaining density was observed in the basal portion and axon hillock of Ptprr−/− Purkinje cells. Concomitantly, Ptprr−/− mice displayed ataxia characterized by defects in fine motor coordination and balance skills. Collectively, these results establish the PTPRR proteins as physiological regulators of MAP kinase signalling cascades in neuronal tissue and demonstrate their involvement in cerebellum motor function.
Using Learning Style Instruments to Enhance Student Learning
Authors: Hawk Thomas F. , Shah Amit J. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe emergence of numerous learning style models over the past 25 years has brought increasing attention to the idea that students learn in diverse ways and that one approach to teaching does not work for every student or even most students. We have reviewed five learning style instruments (the Kolb Learning Style Indicator, the Gregorc Style Delineator, the Felder–Silverman Index of Learning Styles, the VARK Questionnaire, and the Dunn and Dunn Productivity Environmental Preference Survey) in this article in order to describe the learning style modes or dimensions measured in the instruments; find the common measures and the differences; report on research on instrument validity, reliability, and possible improvement in student performance; suggest classroom activities that work with the different student learning styles; and recommend selection of models under several conditions. We also review one additional learning style instrument, the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory, as a complementary approach to using one or more of the first five learning style instruments.
Comparison of Different Methods of ST Segment Resolution Analysis for Prediction of 1‐Year Mortality after Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Przyluski Jakub , Karcz Maciej , Kalińczuk Łukasz , Kruk Mariusz , Prȩgowski Jerzy , Kaczmarska Edyta , Petryka Joanna , Bekta Paweł , Deptuch Tomasz , Kȩpka Cezary , Witkowski Adam , Rużyłło Witold ,   On behalf of ANIN Myocardial Infarction Registry
Published: February 2007

Background: Resolution of ST segment elevation corresponds with myocardial tissue reperfusion and correlates with clinical outcome after ST elevation myocardial infarction. Simpler method evaluating the extent of maximal deviation persisting in a single ECG lead was an even stronger mortality predictor. Our aim was to evaluate and compare prognostic accuracy of different methods of ST segment elevation resolution analysis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a real‐life setting. Methods: Paired 12‐lead ECGs were analyzed in 324 consecutive and unselected patients treated routinely with primary PCI in a single high‐volume center. ST segment resolution was quantified and categorized into complete, partial, or none, upon the (1) sum of multilead ST elevations (sumSTE) and (2) sum of ST elevations plus reciprocal depressions (sumSTE+D); or into the low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups by (3) the single‐lead extent of maximal postprocedural ST deviation (maxSTE). Results: Complete, partial, and nonresolution groups by sumSTE constituted 39%, 40%, and 21% of patients, respective groups by sumSTE+D comprised 40%, 39%, and 21%. The low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups constituted 43%, 32%, and 25%. One‐year mortality rates for rising risk groups by sumSTE were 4.7%, 10.2%, and 14.5% (P = 0.049), for sumSTE+D 3.8%, 9.6%, and 17.6% (P = 0.004) and for maxSTE 5.1%, 6.7%, and 18.5% (P = 0.001), respectively. After adjustment for multiple covariates only maxSTE (high vs low‐risk, odds ratio [OR] 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–8.63; P = 0.030) and age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.11; P = 0.002) remained independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: In unselected population risk stratifications based on the postprocedural ST resolution analysis correlate with 1‐year mortality after primary PCI. However, only the single‐lead ST deviation analysis allows an independent mortality prediction.
Bone healing at implants with a fluoride‐modified surface: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Berglundh T. , Abrahamsson I. , Albouy J.‐P. , Lindhe J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present experiment was to study early stages of osseointegration to implants with a fluoride‐modified surface.Material and methods: Six mongrel dogs, about 1‐year old, were used. All mandibular premolars and the first mandibular molars were extracted. Three months later, mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in one side of the mandible and six sites were identified for implant placement. The control implants (MicroThread™) had a TiOblast surface, while the test implants (OsseoSpeed™) had a fluoride‐modified TiOblast surface. Both types of implants had a similar geometry, a diameter of 3.5 mm and were 8 mm long. Following installation, cover screws were placed and the flaps were adjusted and sutured to cover all implants. Four weeks after the first implant surgery, the installation procedure was repeated in the opposite side of the mandible. Two weeks later, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. The void that occurred between the cut bone wall of the recipient site and the macro‐threads of the implant immediately following implant installation was used to study early bone formation.Results: It was demonstrated that the amount of new bone that formed in the voids within the first 2 weeks of healing was larger at fluoride‐modified implants (test) than at TiOblast (control) implants. It was further observed that the amount of bone‐to‐implant contact that had been established after 2 weeks in the macro‐threaded portion of the implant was significantly larger at the test implants than at the controls.Conclusion: It is suggested that the fluoride‐modified implant surface promotes osseointegration in the early phase of healing following implant installation.
The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space
Authors: Parekh S , Fields HW , Beck FM , Rosenstiel SF 
Published: February 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Parekh S, Fields HW, Beck FM, Rosenstiel SFObjectives –  To evaluate the esthetic acceptability range of computer‐generated variations in smile arc and buccal corridor.Design –  Web‐based descriptive study using available subjects.Setting and Sample Population –  The World Wide Web. Subjects for the main study included 115 lay and 131 orthodontist raters.Experimental Variables –  Buccal corridors and smile arcs, each presented for a female and a male image. Buccal corridors were presented as none, ideal and excessive. The smile arc was presented as flat, ideal and excessive. The nine male and female variations, as combinations of the above variables, were each presented twice to evaluate reliability.Outcome Measure –  Acceptability of buccal corridors and smile arcs using the web‐based instrument. An arbitrary super majority threshold of acceptability was set at 67% approval.Results –  Both laypersons and orthodontists showed good reliability (k ≥ 0.70). There was a broad range of acceptability, but laypersons and orthodontists showed no significant differences on the two variables tested. While orthodontists and laypersons both found smiles with excessive buccal corridors to be significantly less acceptable than those with ideal or absent buccal corridors, they were still acceptable over 70% of the time. Flat smile arcs were only acceptable 50–60% of the time, while smiles with ideal and excessive smile arcs were significantly more acceptable 84–95% of the time. When examining buccal corridors and smile arcs together, excessive buccal corridors were significantly less acceptable than ideal or absent buccal corridors regardless of the smile arc. A flat smile arc significantly reduced the acceptability of any buccal corridor to below the threshold of acceptability.Conclusions –  Laypersons and orthodontists have similar preferences when acceptability of buccal corridors and smile arcs are considered. Flat smile arcs are more detrimental to smile esthetics than variations in buccal corridors. Clinicians must realize that although attractiveness may be reduced by variations in buccal corridors and smile arcs, the result may still be acceptable to a majority of people.
Abuse of anabolic‐androgenic steroids and bodybuilding acne: an underestimated health problem
Authors: Melnik Bodo , Jansen Thomas , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAbuse of anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AAS) by members of fitness centers and others in Germany has reached alarming dimensions. The health care system provides the illegal AAS to 48.1 % of abusers. Physicians are involved in illegal prescription of AAS and monitoring of 32.1 % of AAS abusers. Besides health‐threatening cardiovascular, hepatotoxic and psychiatric long‐term side effects of AAS, acne occurs in about 50 % of AAS abusers and is an important clinical indicator of AAS abuse, especially in young men 18‐26 years of age. Both acne conglobata and acne fulminans can be induced by AAS abuse. The dermatologist should recognize bodybuilding acne, address the AAS abuse, and warn the patient about other potential hazards.
Maxillary Implants Loaded at 3 Months after Insertion: Results with Astra Tech Implants after up to 5 Years
Authors: Steveling Helmut , Roos Johan , Rasmusson Lars 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT Background: To date, clinical studies have mainly focused on early loading of mandibular implants. Recently, there has also been considerable interest in early loading of maxillary implants. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report the outcome of maxillary implants loaded after a 3‐month healing period and followed up to 5 years. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients (11 males and 6 females) received 44 Astra Tech implants (Molndal, Sweden) for treatment of single‐tooth (13 cases) and partial edentulism (9 cases). The patients were followed up to 5 years after implant placement:50% of the implants were followed for 3 years and 16% have been followed throughout the observation period. Preoperatively, bone height and width were assessed on radiographs. Marginal bone loss was recorded on intraoral radiographs annually. Results: No implant was lost during the observation period. The average marginal bone loss was 0.5 ± 0.7 mm after 1 year, 0.6 ± 0.7 mm after 3 years, and 0.9 ± 1.6 mm after 5 years. There were no soft‐tissue or prosthetic failures recorded during the observation period. Conclusion: Early loading of Astra Tech implants was highly successful in maxillary partial and single‐tooth cases followed up to 5 years in function.