bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective measures of health and well‐being in laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Smith Joshua J. , Hadzic Vezira , Li Xiaobing , Liu Ping , Day Tiffany , Utter Amy , Kim Byounghoon , Washington Ida M. , Basso Michele A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Non‐human primates are an invaluable part of biomedical research. Strict regulations insure animals have a maximum likelihood of well‐being and optimum health during the course of experimental procedures. Objective assessment of well‐being is a critical component of these assurances.Methods  Here we describe an objective and quantitative system we used to identify two well‐being concerns in laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We provide a series of indicators for use by laboratory personnel to promote laboratory primate well‐being. The indicators measure (1) potentially life threatening clinical concerns, (2) developing clinical issues, (3) atypical behaviors, and (4) laboratory performance. We include specific criteria to facilitate veterinary intervention.Results  The assessment, applied to two case studies reported here, enabled swift veterinary intervention returning the animals to a healthy state.Conclusions  The measures described here provide a battery of observable and objective measures across multiple dimensions that can further ensure both excellent science and veterinary care.
Causal agents of photoallergic contact dermatitis diagnosed in the national institute of dermatology of Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Edna , Valbuena Martha Cecilia , Rey Maritza , Porras de Quintana Luisa 
Published: July 2006

Objective: To describe and identify the photoallergens causing photoallergic contact dermatitis in the population attending the outpatient clinic of the Centro Dermatologico Federico Lleras Acosta (CDFLLA), the National Institute of Dermatology of Colombia.Materials and methods: Eighty‐two patients with clinical diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis enter the study. These patients attended the CDFLLA between August 2001 and May 2003. Photopatch tests were performed using the standard series of sunscreens (Chemotechnique Diagnostics) and 6‐methylcoumarin. Cetyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, methylparabene, propylene glycol, triethanolamine, propylparabene, trichlorocarbanilide and dichromate were also included. The allergens were applied in duplicate on the healthy skin of the back and covered with opaque tape withdrawn 24 h later, the panel on the right was irradiated with an ultraviolet A dose of 5 J/cm2. The tests were read 24 h after the application of the allergens, 24 and 72 h post‐irradiation. The readings were assessed according to the visual scoring system recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.Results: Twenty‐six patients (31.7%) showed positive photopatch test responses to one or several allergens. Four of them showed positive results to three components of the series and four patients to two components. Thirty‐eight photoallergic and 18 allergic reactions were observed. Ultraviolet filters were the substances which more frequently produced positive photopatch test responses (30.5%). The most common ultraviolet filter photoallergen was benzophenone‐3 with 22/82 positive results (26.8%), followed by octyl methoxycinnamate (8/82), benzophenone‐4 and mexenone (2/82), phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid, methylbenziliden camphor and octyl dimethyl PABA (1/82). One patient showed a photoallergic response to 6‐methylcoumarin. There was a concordance between the allergen which elicited the positive response and the use of different substances which contained that molecule among its compounds in 17 patients (65.3%). 19.5% of the patients (16/82) showed positive results to one or several allergens in the irradiated panel as well as in the unirradiated control site. These cases were diagnosed as contact allergy, probably caused by aeroallergens, presenting a natural history and a clinical picture similar to photocontact allergy. The most common allergen was dichromate with 10 positive results.Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that sunscreens are the more frequently involved substances in photoallergic contact dermatitis in our population. Identification of the photoallergen is the key element for adequate disease control and patient education.
Characteristics of diagnosed polymorphous light eruption
Authors: Naleway Allison L. , Greenlee Robert T. , Melski John W. 
Published: July 2006

Background: The characteristics of polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) have been described in patients evaluated and diagnosed at specialized photodermatology centers. Our goal was to describe the characteristics of PMLE diagnosed in a general clinic setting.Methods: We used electronic medical records to identify patients diagnosed with PMLE from 2000 to 2002 within a large group practice. We then collected additional information from medical records about patient demographics, lesion morphology, diagnostic testing, and therapies for the selected patients.Results: We identified 142 patients with diagnosed PMLE. After manual chart review, we excluded 18 patients with other forms of photosensitivity, eczema, or collagen vascular disease. Eighty‐percent of the remaining 124 patients were diagnosed by a dermatologist during the study period. Females predominated in our patient series and the mean age of PMLE onset was 37.8 years. Lesions were commonly described as papular, edematous papulare, papulo‐vesicular, eczematous, and plaque‐like. Few skin biopsies were performed, and no patient had phototesting or photopatch testing. Topical corticosteroids and antihistamines were the most commonly prescribed therapies. Only four patients were treated with phototherapy.Conclusions: Patient demographics and lesion morphology in our cohort were similar to other reports, but patterns of diagnostic testing and treatment were somewhat different than those observed in photodermatology clinics.
GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes as possible heritable factors of rosacea
Authors: Yazici Ayca Cordan , Tamer Lulufer , Ikizoglu Guliz , Kaya Tamer Irfan , Api Hale , Yildirim Hatice , Adiguzel Aynur 
Published: July 2006

Purpose: Rosacea might be related to an increased activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deficient function of the antioxidant system. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) play a primer role in cellular defense against electrophilic chemical species and radical oxygen species. We hypothesized that increased ROS activity or decreased antioxidant potential, possibly induced by GST gene polymorphism, might have a pathogenic role in rosacea.Methods: The study group consisted of 45 patients with rosacea and 100 control subjects. DNA samples were isolated from blood samples using high pure polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Template preparation Kit. The GSTM1, GSTT1, and P1 polymorphisms were detected using a real‐time PCR and fluorescence resonance energy transfer with a Light‐Cycler Instrument. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of rosacea were examined using logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were found to be statistically different from control (P=0.005, P=0.009, respectively), and associated with an increased risk of rosacea (OR [95% CI]: 2.84 [1.37–5.89]; OR [95% CI]: 2.68 [1.27–5.67], respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between both null combination of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype polymorphisms and rosacea (P=0.003, OR [95% CI]: 4.18 [1.57–11.13]). There were no statistically significant differences between patient and control groups for the GSTP1 Ile/Ile, Ile/Val, and Val/Val genotypes (P>0.05).Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant association between the GSTT1 and/or GSTM1 null genotypes and rosacea. However, the potential role of GSTs as markers of susceptibility to rosacea needs further studies in larger patient groups.
Keratoacanthoma in vitiligo lesion after UVB narrowband phototherapy
Authors: Brazzelli V. , Barbagallo T. , Prestinari F. , Vassallo C. , Agozzino M. , Vailati F. , Cespa M. , Borroni G. 
Published: July 2006

The treatment of vitiligo is still a challenge. Among various therapeutic modalities, phototherapy with UVB narrowband (UVB‐NB) is presently considered a treatment of choice for this skin disease.The exact skin cancer risk deriving from UVB‐NB is a serious concern to be determined.We report a case of keratoacanthoma developed in the vitiligo area during a prolonged course of UVB‐NB therapy.
Skin phototyping in a Chinese female population: analysis of four hundred and four cases from four major cities of China
Authors: Liu W. , Lai W. , Wang X. M. , Li L. , Tian Y. , Lu Y. , Wu Y. Y. , Li Y. , Zhang P. , Wu Y. , Chen L. 
Published: July 2006

Background/purpose: The sun‐reactive skin types in 404 Chinese females living in different cities were investigated in this study.Methods: A questionnaire was designed according to the original concept of skin types proposed by Fitzpatrick and the investigation was conducted in two ways: self‐administered reporting and then a personal interview. Minimal erythema dose (MED) and minimal persistent pigmentation dose (MPPD) were also measured in part of the volunteers with a standard solar simulator.Results: The results show that in the way of personal interview, the predominant skin type of the investigated group is type III (71.4%), and then type II (14.7%) and type IV (14.2%), while in the self‐reporting manner, the result is as follows: type III, 74.3%, type II, 25.6% and type IV, 1%. There are no skin type I, V or VI in the studied group. MED and MPPD from the same population show some relevance to the skin types, e.g. with the change of skin type from Type II to IV, the mean value of MED increases gradually and the MPPD decreases slightly.Conclusions: From the studyn we concluded that the skin types of the investigated Chinese females are principally type III (more than 70%), and then type II and type IV. The different ways of answering the questionnaire did not affect the results remarkably. The measurements of photobiology parameters confirmed that there is a certain correlation between skin types and MED or MPPD determined in this group of volunteers.
Melanin differentially protects from the initiation and progression of threshold UV‐induced erythema depending on UV waveband
Authors: Phan Tai A. , Halliday Gary M. , Barnetson Ross StC. , Damian Diona L. 
Published: July 2006

Background/purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between various measures of constitutive skin pigmentation and erythema caused by solar‐simulated UV (ssUV), 290 and 310 nm UV.Methods: Skin pigmentation was assessed clinically by skin typing as well as objectively by measurement of the melanin index (MI) by reflectance spectroscopy. Subjects having Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV were exposed to graded doses of ssUV and either narrowband 310 nm (n=70) or 290 nm (n=69) UV, and assessed 24 h after exposure. Minimal erythema dose (MED) was assessed visually as the lowest dose that caused minimally perceptible erythema. Susceptibility to further development of erythema with higher exposure doses was measured by the gradient of erythema dose–response curves. This was determined by linear regression using reflectance spectrometry data beyond the MED.Results: Although there was considerable variation within each skin type, MI and ssUV MED increased with increasing Fitzpatrick skin type. MI correlated with ssUV MED and 310 nm UV MED, but not 290 nm UV MED. There was also a significant negative correlation between MI and erythema dose–response gradients caused by ssUV, 310 and 290 nm UV.Conclusion: Melanin situated near the basal epidermis may not protect from the initial development of threshold erythema caused by 290 nm UV because it penetrates poorly past the stratum corneum and is not well absorbed by melanin in vivo compared with 310 nm UV. Higher erythemal 290 nm UV doses may reach basal epidermal melanin, which may then afford protection against further 290 nm UV erythema.
Effective treatment of scalp psoriasis using the excimer (308 nm) laser
Authors: Morison Warwick L. , Atkinson Darleen F. , Werthman Lucille 
Published: July 2006

Background: Psoriasis of the scalp can be a major therapeutic challenge as response to topical medication is often inadequate. The excimer laser has potential for providing local phototherapy as its high irradiance makes treatment at this site a practical option.Objectives: To analyze retrospectively results of treating scalp psoriasis with the excimer (308 nm) laser.Methods: Thirty‐five patients were treated and all had failed intensive topical therapy. Manual separation of hair was used to provide access to the treatment site. Starting doses ranged from 300 mJ/cm2 (type I) to 1000 mJ/cm2 (type IV) with treatment twice weekly.Results: All patients improved. Seventeen/35 (49%) of patients cleared>95% (mean: 21 treatments; range: 6–52) and 16/35 (45%) cleared 50–95%. Phototoxicity in the form of erythema and blistering occurred in all patients, particularly around the ears and nape of neck.Conclusion: The excimer laser is a successful approach to treatment of psoriasis of the scalp being a simple treatment that can be performed in a short period of time and which has a high rate of effectiveness.
Cytokines Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Uterine Endometrial Fibroblast Cells Through a Mechanism That Does Not Involve Increases in Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer
Authors: Braundmeier Andrea G. , Nowak Romana A. 
Published: July 2006

Problem  Endometriosis is the presence of ectopic uterine endometrial tissue in the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal fluid samples of women with endometriosis show elevated interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 levels, indicating that an altered immune system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The invasion of ectopic endometrium into peritoneal mesothelium requires matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for tissue remodeling. Several MMPs are differentially expressed in human uterine endometrium with menstrual endometrium showing the highest level of expression. MMPs are stimulated by cytokines and also by the protein Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN).Method of Study  To determine the role of cytokines in ectopic endometrial invasion, we investigated whether cytokines could regulate MMP production by endometrial fibroblast cells and whether this stimulation occurred through an effect on EMMPRIN expression. Human uterine fibroblasts (HUF) were treated with IL‐1β, TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α in a dose dependent and time dependent manner (C, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL IL‐1β or TGF‐β1; C, 2, 10, 50 ng/mL TNF‐α) for 0, 6, 12, and 24 hr. Cell conditioned medium samples were collected and concentrated at each timepoint for immunoblot analysis. Cellular RNA was collected for real time PCR analysis of MMPs‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and EMMPRIN mRNA levels.Results  Our results showed that IL‐1β stimulated MMP‐1 protein secretion and mRNA levels in a time dependent manner (P < 0.05), MMP‐2 mRNA in a time dependent manner and MMP‐3 in a time and dose dependent manner. TNF‐α stimulated MMP‐1 and ‐3 protein secretion in a time dependent manner and stimulated MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 mRNA levels in a time dependent manner (P < 0.05). Neither IL‐1β nor TNF‐α treatment affected MMP‐2 protein secretion. TGF‐β1 inhibited MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 mRNAs at the highest treatment dose after 24 hr but there was no effect on protein secretion. TGF‐β1 exerted no effect on MMP‐3 mRNA or protein secretion (P < 0.05). Neither of the cytokines affected EMMPRIN protein or mRNA levels but the 10 ng/mL TGF‐β1 treatment did cause a reduction in EMMPRIN mRNA levels.Conclusions  These data show that elevated cytokines may play a role in the establishment of ectopic endometrium in the peritoneal cavity by stimulating MMPs to remodel the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum thus allowing for tissue invasion. The stimulation of MMPs by cytokines occurred without any change in EMMPRIN expression whereas the inhibitory effect of TGF‐β1 involved a reduction in EMMPRIN mRNA levels.
Potential Risk of Hybridization in Ex Situ Collections of Two Endangered Species of Sinojackia Hu (Styracaceae)
Authors: Ye Qi‐Gang , Yao Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Sheng‐Ju , Kang Ming , Huang Hong‐Wen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSpontaneous hybridization in ex situ facilities can undermine the genetic integrity of ex situ collections and potentially contaminate open‐pollinated seeds or seedlings destined for the reintroduction of endangered plant species into the wild. In the present study, the potential risk of hybridization between two endangered Chinese endemic species, namely Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu and S. rehderiana Hu, which are naturally allopatric species but were conserved ex situ in Wuhan Botanical Garden (WBG), Wuhan, China, were investigated over three consecutive years from 2003 to 2005. The entire overlapping flowering period of the two species was 14–20 d and the two species shared the same pollinator insects during the entire flowering season in WBG. The floral isolation between the two species was not an issue in the ex situ collection at WBG. The results suggest an opportunity for pollen transfer between species and a potential risk of genetic introgression and loss of genetic identity of open‐pollinated seeds produced in the ex situ collection of these two endangered species. An artificial reciprocal cross between S. xylocarpa and S. rehderiana confirmed that the two congener species could readily set seeds, indicating no post‐pollination barriers to hybridization and the importance of spatial isolation as a barrier to inter‐specific crossing. Therefore, to manage these crossable species with overlapping flowering times and shared pollination vectors in ex situ facilities, spatial isolation should be carefully considered to minimize the possibility of spontaneous hybridization.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Diversity of Nitrogenase Systems in Diazotrophs
Authors: Zhao Ying , Bian Shao‐Min , Zhou Hui‐Na , Huang Ju‐Fu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNitrogenase is a metalloprotein complex that catalyses the reaction of biological nitrogen fixation. At least three genetically distinct nitrogenase systems have been confirmed in diazotrophs, namely Nif, Vnf, and Anf, in which the active‐site central metals are Mo, V, and Fe, respectively. The present review summarizes progress on the genetic, structural, and functional investigations into the three nitrogenases and discusses the possibility of the existence of other novel nitrogenases.(Managing editor: Ping He)
Introgression of Resistance to Powdery Mildew Conferred by Chromosome 2R by Crossing Wheat Nullisomic 2D with Rye
Authors: An Diao‐Guo , Li Li‐Hui , Li Jun‐Ming , Li Hong‐Jie , Zhu Yong‐Guan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUsing the nullisomic back‐cross procedure, four wheat‐rye chromosome substitution 2R (2D) lines with different agronomic performance, designated WR02‐145‐1, WR01‐145‐2, WR02‐145‐3, and WR02‐145‐4, were produced from a cross between 2D nullisomic wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. “Xiaoyan 6”) and rye (Secale cereale L. cv. “German White”). The chromosomal constitution of 2n=42=21 in WR02‐145 lines was confirmed by cytological and molecular cytogenetic methods. Using genomic in situ hybridization on root tip chromosome preparations, a pair of intact rye chromosomes was detected in the WR02‐145 lines. PCR using chromosome‐specific primers confirmed the presence of 2R chromosomes of rye in these wheat‐rye lines, indicating that WR02‐145 lines are disomic chromosome substitution lines 2R(2D). The WR02‐145 lines are resistant to the powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates prevalent in northern China and may possess gene(s) for resistance to powdery mildew, which differ from the previously identified Pm7 gene located on chromosome 2RL. The newly developed “Xiaoyan 6”‐ “German White” 2R (2D) chromosome substitution lines are genetically stable, show desirable agronomic traits, and are expected to be useful in wheat improvement.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Effects of Exogenous Indole Butyric Acid and Callus Formation on the Anti‐oxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, and Anthocyanin Constituents of Mulberry Cuttings
Authors: Sivaci Aysel , Sokmen Munevver 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn order to evaluate the effects of exogenous indole butyric acid (IBA) and callus formation on the anti‐oxidant activity, total phenolics, and anthocyanin constituents of Morus nigra L. and M. alba L. cuttings, we investigated the variations before and after the treatment. The results indicate that anti‐oxidant ability, total phenolic, and anthocyanin constituents of the callus stems of both Morus species were higher than those of non‐callus forming species. There were also increases observed in anti‐oxidant ability, total phenolic, and anthocyanin constituents of calli treated with IBA (1 000–3 000 mg/L).(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Isolation and Expression Analysis of Two Cold‐Inducible Genes Encoding Putative CBF Transcription Factors from Chinese Cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.)
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yang Tong‐Wen , Zhang Li‐Jing , Zhang Teng‐Guo , Di Cui‐Xia , Xu Shi‐Jian , An Li‐Zhe 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo homologous genes of the Arabidopsis C‐repeat/dehydration‐responsive element binding factors (CBF/DREB1) transcriptional activator were isolated by RT‐PCR from Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr. cv. Qinbai 5) and were designated as BcCBF1 and BcCBF2. Each encodes a putative CBF/DREB1 protein with an AP2 (Apetal2) DNA‐binding domain, a putative nuclear localization signal, and a possible acidic activation domain. Deduced amino acid sequences show that BcCBF1 is very similar to the Arabidopsis CBF1, whereas BcCBF2 is different in that it contains two extra regions of 24 and 20 amino acids in the acidic domain. The mRNA accumulation profiles indicated that the expression of BcCBF1 and BcCBF2 is strongly induced by cold treatment, but does not respond similarly to dehydration or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. However, the cold‐induced accumulation of BcCBF2 mRNA was rapid but short‐lived compared with that of BcCBF1. The mRNA levels of both BcCBF1 and BcCBF2 were higher in leaves than in roots when plants were exposed to cold, whereas, salt stress caused higher accumulation of BcCBF2 mRNA in roots than in leaves, suggesting that the organ specificity of the gene expression of the BcCBFs is probably stress dependent. In addition, the accumulation of BcCBF1 and BcCBF2 mRNAs was greatly enhanced by light compared with darkness when seedlings were exposed to cold. It is concluded that the two BcCBF proteins may be involved in the process of plant response to cold stress through an ABA‐independent pathway and that there is also a cross‐talk between the light signaling conduction pathway and the cold response pathway in B. pekinensis as in Arabidopsis.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Physiological Responses of Zea mays Seedlings to Interactions Between Cadmium and Salinity
Authors: Sepehr Mozhgan Farzami , Ghorbanli Mahlagha 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe effects of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μmol/L Cd2+ (Cd(NO3)2‐4H2O) and 0,10, 25, 50, and 100 mmol/L NaCl on growth, photosynthesis and the content of some ions in maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated in the present study. With increasing concentrations of Cd2+ or NaCl alone in Hoagland nutrient solution, the chlorophylls and starch content decreased. Combination treatment with salinity and cadmium increased the negative effects observed following the two stresses alone. Plants exhibiting growth retardation in response to one mild stress factor (25–50 mmol/L NaCl) became more tolerant to the other stress factor (Cd). The exposure of plants to cadmium caused a partial reversal of the effects of salinity. Root and shoot growth, ion accumulation and levels of photosynthetic pigments were improved at moderate concentrations of the two stress factors imposed jointly.(Managing editor: Ping He)