bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing an Ethical Practice in School Mental Health
Authors: Dibble Nic , Raines James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to help new or experienced school mental health professionals establish an ethical practice from the outset in four ways. First, it addresses how to read a code of ethics for the four school mental health professions of school counseling, school nursing, school psychology, and school social work. Second, it recommends that school mental health professionals utilize a process of ethical decision-making to determine a course of action in specific situations where two or more ethical values are in conflict with each other. Third, it addresses ethical issues commonly encountered in school-based practice related to informed consent, ethical orientation of clients, consultation, and interdisciplinary teams. Finally, it provides suggestions about ethical recordkeeping using the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and ethical codes as guides.
Reflections on Implicit Bias
Authors: Lawrence Farmer G. , Knowles Kandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) students, implicit biases shape teachers’ expectations of students’ potential, performance, and behavior in ways that contribute to the disparities in educational outcomes. Countering implicit bias in our schools requires both institutional and individual changes. This chapter addresses what implicit bias is, why it is important to address, and ways to combat its negative consequences within schools. In addition, school social workers can be helpful in understanding the role that implicit biases play in creating disparities in students’ access to high-quality education based on their race, ethnicity, immigrant status, and gender identity. This chapter aims to suggest ways to address implicit bias in schools through a multicomponent approach: systematic, evidence-based decision-making; promotion of a culturally responsive school environment; and empowering students. Lastly, the chapter provides practice examples of work being done to prevent and address implicit bias within academic settings.
Current Approaches to School Safety
Authors: Reynolds Heather M. , Astor Ron Avi , Watson Kate R. , Marachi Roxana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines current issues in school safety. It gives especially close attention to dilemmas around selecting school safety programs and the importance of whole-school approaches to safety that are comprehensive rather than unilateral in focus. The chapter offers key recommendations for implementing these programs. It identifies the importance of including school and district staff members, students, and families in any program-related training or education to ensure a truly whole-school approach. It identifies data-driven school safety programs as well as potential missteps in implementing some more common school safety programs. It provides guidance for appropriating staff and resources prior to implementing school safety programs to ensure they are sustainable and data driven over time.
Multi-Tiered Trauma Focused Interventions for Safer Schools
Authors: Wong Marleen , Villaverde Vivien , Vona Pamela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays out historical incidents of violence in schools that ignited a culture shift leading to educational policy and practice changes. It provides a history and context for the impetus to address school safety and climate. It acknowledges student trauma experiences and the impacts to student well-being and learning. In addition, the chapter discusses the development of various evidence-informed and evidence-based school interventions in response to the growing mental health needs in schools. Finally, the chapter addresses the need to align mental health responses within the educational framework to prompt an ecosystem change and to create a full safe school climate transformation.
A Solution-Focused Approach to Crisis Intervention
Authors: Ding Xiao , Zeng Weiwen , Franklin Cynthia , Nowicki Jack 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a step-by-step solution-focused approach to crisis intervention within school settings. A description of the rationale and common elements of the two-phase crisis intervention is presented, followed by an overview of using a solution-focused approach with students. The two phases of solution-focused crisis intervention are Engage-Assess-Support and Collaborating-Grounding-Building. Essential techniques of the two-phase solution-focused crisis intervention are illustrated with a detailed case example. This chapter aims to help school practitioners understand the nature of crisis intervention using scientific evidence and offer concrete solution-focused steps to engage students in future growth. Further learning resources on solution-focused therapy working with students’ strengths in critical situations are provided at the end of the chapter.
Family Services in Schools
Authors: Metcalf Linda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a solution-focused guide for bringing parents, school staff, and students together to amplify change and support student behavioral and academic success. It provides functional guidance for school social workers and counselors to help parents as well as teachers and students move past limiting perceptions and miscommunications to find solutions to student problems. The chapter explains solution-focused methods in detail, including key strategies of structuring and conducting an interview for solutions. It provides several examples of interviews with parents as well as with teachers, which include specific dialogue, solution-focused questions, and responses that school practitioners can easily apply in their own work.
Working With Students of Diverse Sexual Orientations, Gender Identities, and Gender Expressions
Authors: Elze Diane E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite the expansion of human rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, and two-spirit (LGBTQI2-S) populations in the United States, LGBTQI2-S youth remain highly vulnerable to victimization and stigmatization in their families, schools, and communities. This chapter describes LGBTQI2-S-affirmative, trauma-informed practices necessary for creating safe and inclusive school environments, and LGBTQ-affirmative interventions that have been used in educational settings. School social workers are uniquely positioned to provide direct services to sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) and their families, and to guide their colleagues in implementing best practices and policies to create schools in which SGMY can thrive.
Evaluating Intervention and Program Effectiveness
Authors: Gerlach Beth , Faulkner Monica , Ding Xiao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Program evaluation is a systematic research approach used to understand the impact of school-based services. Program evaluation can contribute to the provision of quality services that support intended outcomes for an intervention or program. Program evaluation can increase a practitioner’s accountability and credibility on a school campus. While it may seem daunting, practitioners working in schools can engage in program evaluation as part of ethical direct practice. The best program evaluation strategies are driven by the research question(s), the capacity and expertise of the practitioner/team, ethical considerations, and feasibility in a school setting. The first step in program evaluation is planning, and it consists of four steps: develop research questions, review existing literature, develop a theory of change, and create a logic model. A program evaluation plan should detail methods, data collection, analysis, and dissemination. It should also include procedures to minimize threats to validity, fidelity measures, and ethical considerations specific to working within a school setting. This chapter walks school-based practitioners through the steps for planning and performing a program evaluation.
Implementation Science in Schools
Authors: Montgomery Katherine L. , Connors Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Schools provide more mental health services to children and adolescents than any other child-serving sector, yet access to services is not enough. All students and families deserve the highest quality, most evidence-based interventions that can be provided to optimize the likelihood of positive outcomes. School-based professionals who have intimate knowledge of school contextual factors and are aware of implementation science principles have the important opportunity to improve the impact of evidence-based practices in schools. In this chapter, the field of implementation science is described and a number of top-rated implementation strategies are offered to assist the school-based practitioner.
Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Allen-Meares Paula , Montgomery Katherine L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite great progress made in recent decades, mental health concerns continue to increase among school-aged children. This chapter highlights the critical importance around continued focus on practitioners’ use of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process to address the mental health needs of children in schools. Distinction between the EBP process and evidence-based intervention (EBI) is described, and school-based professionals are offered several important ways in which they can use the EBP process to guide empirically supported treatment decisions. These include how to select and critically appraise EBIs, measure student outcomes, and increase the uptake of EBIs in schools. A case illustration highlights and operationalizes concepts presented in this chapter.
Louisa Piquet and Hiram Mattison, Louisa Picquet, the Octoroon, or, Inside Views of Southern Domestic Life (1861) (selections)
Authors: Jones Douglas A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This slave narrative details Louisa Picquet’s life as an enslaved woman in South Carolina and New Orleans. It covers several of the major themes in the classic antebellum slave narrative written by women, including colorism, sexual violence, and domestic life. A distinguishing feature of Piquet’s narrative is its unique format, which includes several sections of questions and answers.
“Zillah” (Sarah Mapps Douglass) Writings
Authors: Jones Douglas A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In these selections published under the pseudonym “Zillah,” Sarah Mapps Douglass writes about motherhood, friendship, women’s education, and childhood. She was an abolitionist, pioneering educator, and leader in the black women’s literary society movement. A member of the small black elite of Philadelphia, Mapps Douglass believed literary arts as exemplified in these selections was crucial to abolitionism and the building of thriving free black communities.
Jarena Lee, The Life and Religious Experience of Jarena Lee (1849) (selections)
Authors: Jones Douglas A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Jarena Lee was the first woman preacher in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. She was offered ordination but declined. In this selection from her autobiography, she describes her early life, her call from God to minister, and the roadblocks she faced as a woman aiming to preach the Gospel.
[Charlotte Forten, “Life on the Sea Islands” (1864)]
Authors: Jones Douglas A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Charlotte Forten was a pioneering educator who worked with the newly emancipated persons of the Sea Islands during the Civil War. Her “Life on the Sea Islands,” published in The Atlantic magazine, describes their economic, social, and cultural practices as they transitioned to freedom. One of the great features of Forten’s essay is that it describes life on the sea islands from the perspective of the freedmen themselves—a rarity in the period.
Democracy Tamed
Authors: Englert Gianna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Liberal democracies are under constant threat in the twenty-first century, and there is growing skepticism about whether liberalism and democracy can continue to survive together. Democracy Tamed argues that some of the crises of confidence facing liberal democracy are not unique to our present moment. Instead, they have existed ever since liberal political thought emerged in the nineteenth century. Combining political theory and intellectual history, the book not only uncovers the source of liberals’ original animus toward political democracy. It shows how self-proclaimed liberals devised two strategies to counter the rise of mass democracy. They created the concept of political capacity as their alternative to universal suffrage and mobilized that concept in the contentious debates over the franchise from the French Revolution to the Third Republic. Liberals also redefined democracy itself, transforming it from its ancient meaning as political rule by the people to designate a modern form of society—a new democracy that, counterintuitively, demanded the guidance of a capable few rather than the rule of all. Democracy Tamed tells the story of how the earliest liberals deployed their notion of the “new democracy” to resist universal suffrage. But it also reveals how later liberals would utilize their predecessors’ antidemocratic concepts to merge liberal principles with political equality, first to imagine and then to safeguard liberal democracies as we have come to know them.
The Contingency of Secularization
Authors: Joas Hans 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Like perhaps no other body of work, the writings of the historian Reinhart Koselleck articulate a radically contingency-aware understanding of history. This chapter first discusses in detail the biographical elements and intellectual influences crucial to Koselleck’s approach. But the true point of the interpretation presented here emerges only when his emphasis on contingency and his ideas on secularization are connected. The chapter argues that Koselleck, who had so astutely explored claims of historical inevitability in Enlightenment thought as weapons in the battle of political opinion, failed to reflect enough on the fact that this might also apply to the assumption of a historically necessary and ineluctable weakening of religion.
Indebted Freedom: Paul Tillich
Authors: Joas Hans 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on several aspects of the understanding of faith, history, and political freedom in the work of the Protestant theologian Paul Tillich. It offers an interpretation of his views about temporality, symbols, and the interaction of religious traditions. But the main focus is on his liberating of debates about religion from the dichotomous distinction between autonomy and heteronomy by introducing the idea of “theonomy” as “indebted freedom.” The great relevance of this move to an understanding of faith under conditions of political freedom and in a culture permeated by the value of individual self-determination and autonomy is demonstrated here.
Conclusion
Authors: Joas Hans 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The concluding part of the book first summarizes the results of the preceding chapters when it comes to overcoming Hegel’s philosophy of history in relation to the four main aspects that structure the entire volume. It then turns to the challenge posed by Nietzsche’s philosophy in general and his claim about Judaism and Christianity in particular. This challenge was taken up by both Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch at the beginning of the twentieth century, but in different ways. The reconstruction of these different approaches leads to the prospect of future analyses of the global history of moral universalism, in which Karl Jaspers is certain to play a key role. It is crucial that this project follows Troeltsch’s method of genealogical historical reconstruction and Weber’s look beyond Europe and Christianity. Such a global genealogy of moral universalism promises to be the constructive fusion of the ideas elaborated in this book with reference to selected thinkers on religion of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Introduction
Authors: Amann Edmund , Figueiredo Paulo N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter sets out the conceptual and empirical background for the book, as well as the questions it addresses. The discussion suggests that despite many years of attempted reform and undoubted economic and social progress, Latin America has failed to close the income and development gap with the advanced industrial countries. It is suggested that the region is caught in a middle-income trap where structural impediments are frustrating the achievement of accelerated, inclusive and sustainable growth. Against this background, this chapter lays out the central questions to be examined in the volume. These centre on the nature of the factors and circumstances forming the middle-income trap faced by Latin America. They also concern possible routes out of it. In this connection, particular attention is paid to the structural characteristics of the region’s economies and the potential implications of the re-primarization process which has been witnessed in recent years.
Institutional Challenges, the Middle-Income Trap, and the Pursuit of Global Economic Integration in Latin America
Authors: Doctor Mahrukh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the significance of institutional obstacles and how these and related structural issues feed into Latin America’s middle-income trap. A special area of focus surrounds innovation and structural change. Elevated levels of income inequality and minimal level of social cohesion have meant that institutions that foster rapid innovation and inclusive development policy, although urgently needed, have not always materialized. The analysis also suggests that institutional frameworks set up for conditions of inwardly-oriented development and pre-globalization patterns of international trade have not always proved conducive to managing participation in an innovation-driven and knowledge-intensive global economy. The analysis strongly implies that effective institutional design and reform of existing structures are required if the region is to improve its economic performance and acquire a more advantageous position in the global division of labour.
The Co-Evolution of FDI and the Output and Export Structures of Brazil and Mexico, 2000–2015
Authors: Pineli André , Narula Rajneesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the co-evolution between FDI, economic structure, and export structures in the two largest Latin American economies, Brazil and Mexico, over the period 2000–2015. Both initially followed quite similar development strategies during the import substitution era, but in the era of the Washington Consensus adjusted their strategies in differing ways. In addition to the analysis of key indicators, the chapter discusses the role played by industrial policies—or their absence—within Brazil’s and Mexico’s development strategies. Industrial policy instruments, such as infant industry protection, subsidies, tax and financial incentives, as well as performance requirements, may be crucial to shift the economic structure in the direction of the desired industries.
Conclusions
Authors: Amann Edmund , Figueiredo Paulo N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter draws together the main arguments that flow through the preceding chapters. It is suggested that Latin America’s growth challenges are serious and rooted in structural impediments. These include under-investment in human and fixed capital, failure to build backward and forward linkages connecting lead sectors and the remainder of the economy, and the inability to create political consensus behind effective and consistently applied reforms. Yet, the chapter argues, success lies within the region’s grasp. This is because of the productive and technological capabilities that have already been built up, the nature of the region’s natural-resource-intensive sectors, and the opportunities that the global economy (despite its apparent fragmentation), will continue to present. The challenge for the future lies in forging a consensus to drive forward effective horizontal and vertical policies capable of unleashing the growth potential that Latin America undoubtedly possesses.
Taylor Cyr and Matthew Flummer on Free Will Basics
Authors: Cyr Taylor W. , Flummer Matthew T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Taylor Cyr and Matthew Flummer discuss what free will is and why it matters. Though there is disagreement among philosophers, most agree that free will is having a kind of control over one’s actions. This control is usually thought of as either the ability to do otherwise or the control that is necessary for moral responsibility. After distinguishing between being responsible for an action and being held responsible for an action, they move on to the putative connections between free will and autonomy, creativity, rationality, virtue, and love. The chapter concludes by addressing some misconceptions about free will.
Timothy O’Connor on Agent-Causal Libertarianism
Authors: Cyr Taylor W. , Flummer Matthew T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Taylor Cyr and Matthew Flummer talk with Timothy O’Connor about agent-causal libertarianism, the view that we have free will and that free will requires indeterministic causation by agents that is not reducible to causation by agent-involving events. Along the way, they discuss the notion of emergence, an agent-causalist understanding of acting for reasons. They then discuss two versions of the problem of luck for libertarianism. The first has to do with the way luck seems to undermine control of actions and the second with the way luck undermines explanation of actions. They conclude with how agent-causal libertarians should respond to the problem of luck.
David Palmer on Non-Causal Libertarianism
Authors: Cyr Taylor W. , Flummer Matthew T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Taylor Cyr and Matthew Flummer speak with David Palmer about non-causal libertarianism, the view that we have free will and that free actions are uncaused (and therefore not causally determined). They discuss reasons one might be attracted to a non-causalist position, how the view compares to other forms of libertarianism, and whether the non-causalist can account for acting for reasons, for example, by appealing to teleological explanations as opposed to causal ones. They conclude by talking about some of Palmer’s recent work on a non-causalist approach to control, and they also discuss some other challenges for the non-causalist position.
Implementation Strategies
Authors: Kirchner JoAnn E. , Waltz Thomas J. , Powell Byron J. , Woodward Eva N. , Smith Jeffrey L. , Proctor Enola K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As the field of implementation science moves beyond studying barriers to and facilitators of implementation to the comparative effectiveness of different strategies, it is essential to create a common taxonomy to define the strategies studied. This advances the understanding of strategy mechanisms of action and supports replicability in future studies. Similarly, clear documentation must be done of the implementation strategies that are applied, the factors that influence their selection, and any adaptation of the strategy during the course of implementation and sustainment of the innovation being implemented. By incorporating this type of rigor into the work it will be able to advance not only the science of implementation but also the ability to place evidence-based innovations into the hands of practitioners in a timely and efficient manner.