bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid quantitative analysis of letrozole, fluoxetine and their metabolites in biological and environmental samples by MEKC
Authors: Rodríguez‐Flores Juana , Salcedo Ana Maria Contento , Fernández Lorena Muñoz 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method has been developed to analyze biological (human serum, saliva and urine) and environmental samples (three different water samples) for letrozole (LE), fluoxetine and their main metabolites. For this purpose a 20 mM borate buffer (pH 9.5) containing 20 mM SDS and 12% v:v 2‐propanol was used as the background electrolyte. The samples were hydrodinamically injected for 6 s, separated in a fused‐silica capillary at 25 kV and 50°C and detected at 230 nm. Under these conditions, the migration times for all the studied compounds ranged from 3.0 up to 8.0 min. Linearity ranges were determined as 125–1500 ng/mL, whereas detection limits were from 37 to 120 ng/mL in biological samples and a value of 6 ng/mL in water samples. According to the validation study, the developed method was proved to be accurate, precise, sensitive, specific, rugged and robust. This method was applied to the analysis of different biological fluids at clinical levels, including two urine samples from patients undergoing treatment with LE or fluoxetine, and also to environmental samples at potentially polluting level. Prior to the determination, the samples were purified and pre‐concentrated by means of an extraction–preconcentration step with a C18cartridge and by eluting the compounds with methanol.
Schisanhenones A and B, Two Metabolites of Schisanhenol in Rats
Authors: Ma Xiaolin , Lu Yan , Chen Daofeng 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageSchisanhenones A (2) and B (3), two new metabolites of schisanhenol (1), were isolated from the feces of rats administered orally with 1. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D‐NMR techniques.
Protolimonoids and Limonoids from the Chinese Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum
Authors: Cui Jianxin , Deng Zhiwei , Xu Minjuan , Proksch Peter , Li Qingshan , Lin Wenhan 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe phytochemical examination of the fruits of a Chinese mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum led to the isolation of five new protolimonoids, protoxylocarpins A–E (1–5, resp.), and two new limonoids xylocarpins J and K (6 and 7, resp.), together with xyloccensins M and Y (9 and 10, resp.). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against tumor cell‐lines HCT‐8, Bel‐7402, BGC‐823, and A2780 were evaluated.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Aryl Bromides with Potassium Hexakis(cyano‐κC)ferrate(4−) (K4[Fe(CN)6]) as Cyanide Source
Authors: Zhu Yizhong , Ren Yiming , Cai Chun 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles through the three‐component reaction between an aryl bromide, potassium hexakis(cyano‐κC)ferrate(4−) (K4[Fe(CN)6]) and NaN3 catalyzed by [Pd(OAc)2] and ZnBr2 in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) was developed. Furthermore, the reaction occurred under nonacidic conditions and involved a nontoxic cyanide source, making this method a quite attractive one.
Structural Diversity in Thallium Chemistry. Part VI
Authors: Linden Anthony , Petridis Alexander , James Bruce D. 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageNew bromothallate(III) complexes have been synthesized using eleven organoammonium cations related to others employed previously. The crystal structure determinations of eight of these have been performed. The diethylenetriammonium cation yields the first compound containing [TlBr6]3− as the only anionic species, while the N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriammonium cation gave a mixed salt containing discrete [TlBr4]− and Br− ions, in which the [TlBr4]− unit does not participate in hydrogen bonding. In the pyrazolinium mixed salt, both the [TlBr4]− and Br− ions are hydrogen‐bonded to cations and disposed in an arrangement similar to a [Tl2Br9]3− unit. The triethylenediammonium dication gives a compound in which a highly distorted trigonal bipyramidal [TlBr5]2− system is present, while the 1‐benzylpiperazinium compound also shows a very weak [TlBr4]− and Br− interaction. Six other monovalent cations provided [TlBr4]− derivatives that were characterized either crystallographically or via their Raman spectra. In a comprehensive structural summary, the various interactions between cations and bromothallate(III) anionic groupings, giving rise to the structural diversity described in this and previous reports, are discussed in terms of the cation charge, quaternization and steric influence, NH⋅⋅⋅Br hydrogen bonding, and secondary bonds present in the compounds.
An engineering, multiscale constitutive model for fiber‐forming collagen in tension
Authors: Annovazzi Lorella , Genna Francesco 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis work proposes a nonlinear constitutive model for a single collagen fiber. Fiber‐forming collagen can exhibit different hierarchies of basic units, called fascicles, bundles, fibrils, microfibrils, and so forth, down to the molecular (tropocollagen) level. Exploiting the fact that at each hierarchy level the microstructure can be seen, at least approximately, as that of a wavy, or crimped, extensible cable, the proposed stress–strain model considers a given number of levels, each of which contributes to the overall mechanical behavior according to its own geometrical features (crimp, or waviness), as well as to the basic mechanical properties of the tropocollagen. The crimp features at all levels are assumed to be random variables, whose statistical integration furnishes a stress–strain curve for a collagen fiber. The soundness of this model—the first, to the Authors' knowledge, to treat a single collagen fiber as a microstructured nonlinear structural element—is checked by its application to collagen fibers for which experimental results are available: rat tail tendon, periodontal ligament, and engineered ones. Here, no attempt is made to obtain a stress–strain law for generic collagenous tissues, which exhibit specific features, often much more complex than those of a single fiber. However, it is trivial to observe that the availability of a sound, microstructurally based constitutive law for a single collagen fiber (but applicable at any sub‐level, or to any other material with a similar microstructure) is essential for assembling complex constitutive models for any collagenous fibrous tissue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Electrostatic surface charge acceleration of bone ingrowth of porous hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate ceramics
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Kobayashi Takayuki , Nakamura Miho , Itoh Soichiro , Yamashita Kimihiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBone ingrowth enhancement by the surface induced charges of the electrically polarized hydroxyapatite (HA)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) ceramics was histologically investigated to clarify the early stage events of ossification. The HA/β‐TCP specimens with a relatively low porosity of 45% for bone ingrowth were polarized in a dc electric field at 400°C for 1 h. The large preserved charges of 8 μC cm−2 significantly promoted the bone ingrowth process of the porous ceramics implanted in femoral diaphyses of New Zealand white rabbits. The bone formation in the pores of the polarized HA/β‐TCP specimens was observed within 1 week after surgery. The bone occupancy of the polarized HA/β‐TCP pores reached more than 90% at as early as 2 weeks and significantly higher than that of the nonpolarized. The electrical polarization was proved to be effective for bone penetration improvement of low porosity ceramics. The electrically polarized HA/β‐TCP bone grafts with a lower porosity and a higher mechanical strength combined high osteoconductivity generated by the induced surface charges. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Characterization of aluminum species with nitrate, perchlorate and sulfate ions in the positive and negative ion mode by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Urabe Tatsuya , Tsugoshi Takahisa , Tanaka Miho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) for aluminum speciation in the positive and negative ion modes was discussed. Aluminum nitrate, perchlorate and sulfate solutions were measured by ESI‐MS. In the positive ion mode, aluminum species containing anions (Al‐L; L = NO3, ClO4 and SO4) were identified, while [Al(OH)2(H2O)n]+ (n = 2–4) were the main species. The affinity of the anions with Al3+ estimated by ESI‐MS was consistent with the hardness of the anions (hard and soft acids and bases principle) and the results from 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance studies. This indicates that the results observed from the positive ion mode preserved the chemical state of aluminum in the solution. In the negative ion mode, [Al(OH)4−nLn]− (n = 0–2, L = NO3, ClO4) were the main species, which were considered to be converted from positive aluminum species, [Al(OH)(H2O)n]+ (n = 2–4), by the successive addition of anions. Anions did not only attach to one aluminum ion but also bridged two aluminum ions. In Al2(SO4)3 solution, the behavior of SO42− in the negative ion mode differed from that of NO3− and ClO4−. This may reflect the affinity of SO42− with Al3+ in the solution or in the mass spectrometer or in both. Finally, detection mechanisms for the aluminum species in the solution are proposed for both the positive and negative ion modes. It is shown that ESI‐MS can be used to observe the interaction between Al3+ and anions. We show the importance of the interpretation of the results by ESI‐MS for obtaining new information of the metal species in the solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inquiry unplugged: building on Hackman's potential perils of POB
Authors: Luthans Fred , Avolio Bruce J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this rejoinder to Hackman's counterpoint piece on positive organizational behavior (POB), we again take a positive, inquiry approach. We address and build out each of his identified potential perils with the aim of accelerating the journey of POB understanding, research, and application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State or trait: effects of state optimism on job‐related outcomes
Authors: Kluemper Donald H. , Little Laura M. , DeGroot Timothy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractState optimism was hypothesized to be significantly related to six organizationally relevant outcomes above and beyond the effect of trait optimism. Moreover, state optimism was hypothesized to have effects on these six outcomes beyond the effects of positive and negative affect. Conversely, trait optimism was expected to be unrelated to the six outcome variables when controlling for state optimism as well as when controlling for affect. These hypotheses were tested with two samples. First, 772 undergraduate students were assessed to determine the impact of state versus trait optimism on task performance in the form of course grade. From this sample, the 261 students working at least 20 hours per week were similarly assessed with regard to work related distress, burnout, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. Then, a field sample of 106 employees assessed distress, burnout, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and supervisor rated task and contextual job performance. Results indicate state optimism (but not trait optimism) is a potentially powerful indicator of important organizational outcomes, even after controlling for the effects of positive and negative affect. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Red Light‐Emitting Fluorene‐alt‐Carbazole Copolymers with Carbazole N‐Graft Cyclometalated Ir Complexes
Authors: Ying Lei , Zou Jianhua , Yang Wei , Wu Hongbin , Zhang Anqi , Wu Zhonglian , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of electrophosphorescent fluorene‐alt‐carbazole copolymers are synthesized by Suzuki polycondensation. A β‐diketone‐terminated alkyl chain grafted to the N‐position of carbazole serves as a ligand to form a pendant cyclometalated Ir complex with 10‐methyl‐dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (Mpq), 2,3‐diphenylquinoxaline (Bpq), and 1‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)isoquinoline (Biq), respectively. The emission of the device of PFCzIrBiq peaked at 715 and 790 nm, which is among the deepest red emissions reported so far. The well‐achieved device performances could be attributed to a combination of a higher triplet energy and suitable HOMO/LUMO energy levels which can assure efficient charge injection as a result of the incorporation of a 3,6‐carbazole unit into a polyfluorene backbone.magnified image
Corporate governance and firm efficiency: evidence from China's publicly listed firms
Authors: Lin Chen , Ma Yue , Su Dongwei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe above article (DOI: 10.1002/mde.1447) was published online in Early View on 29 October 2008. Printing errors were subsequently identified in the article.Page 1: There should be no affiliation ‘d’Page 1: Affiliation ‘a’ should read: ‘Department of Economics and Finance, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong’.Page 14, ‘Acknowledgements’: The ‘Acknowledgements’ should read:We thank two anonymous referees, Sanford Berg, Joel Houston, Guohua Jiang, Alan Stent, Lihui Tian, Tracy Wang, and participants at the Fifth Annual China Economic Conference, the Sixth Annual International Conference on Financial Engineering, and the Journal of Banking and Finance 30th Anniversary International Conference for their helpful comments and suggestions. The financial support from Lingnan University (DR07B2) and the RGC of Hong Kong SAR Government (No. LU3110/03H) is gratefully acknowledged. Su also wishes to acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70572065), the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 200403), the Guandong Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities (Grant No. 04JDXM79001 and 07JDTDXM79005) and the Innovative Research Team Project of Jinan University (Grant No. 04SK2D03). However, we are responsible for all remaining errors of this paper.
Evaluation of the Initial Stages of Gas‐Phase Ethylene Polymerizations with a SiO2‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalyst
Authors: Machado Fabricio , Lima Enrique Luis , Pinto José Carlos , McKenna Timothy F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe very early stages of gas‐phase ethylene polymerization on an SiO2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst were studied with the help of a short‐stop reactor. The short‐stop‐reactor‐based technique was useful in studying nascent polymerization, providing insights at very short, controlled times into important phenomena regarding catalyst fragmentation and the activation and deactivation of catalyst sites that take place during the very early stages of the reaction. Experimental results indicate that the growth of the polymer chains occurs at unsteady conditions during the initial stages of the polymerization. Hydrogen has a strong influence on the initial kinetics, leading to a significant decrease of polymerization activity. Polymer crystallinity increases with the reaction time, probably due to the formation of long chains with a high degree of crystallinity.magnified image
The relationship between NGOS and businesses in the public arena: An empirical analysis for Spain
Authors: Valor Carmen , Merino Amparo 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

At the beginning of this century, corporate social responsibility was included in the public agenda. In certain countries, policy‐making takes place in semi‐public forums, in which NGOs are asked to participate. However, a different situation may be found in other countries. This paper analyses the relationship between businesses and NGOs in the public arena in Spain. By applying grounded theory, the authors summarize this relationship in the dynamics of approach‐withdrawal. Firms have pushed to withdraw Advocacy NGOs from public forums, whose main purpose was policy‐making. The explicit argument to justify this collective decision is the lack of foundational legitimacy of NGOs. Firms understand that these NGOs are not legitimized to be a counterbalancing force of corporations.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Issue management as a post‐crisis discipline: identifying and responding to issue impacts beyond the crisis
Authors: Jaques Tony 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

While there is a prolific literature on processes for organizational crisis management, and extensive scholarship on response methodologies such as apologia, image restoration and immediate post‐crisis discourse, little has been written about the longer term post‐crisis challenge beyond recovery, business resumption and organizational learning.
Crises can lead to persistent and damaging issues, but there has been limited substantive research to illuminate the optimal processes to navigate the transition from crisis to issue. Moreover, if organizations remain in conventional post‐crisis mode there is a real risk of failure to put in place proper processes for longer term management of post‐crisis issues.
After considering linear and non‐linear process models, and the development of a more holistic, integrated approach to issue and crisis management, this article proposes issue management as the most effective practical discipline to identify and respond to longer term post‐crisis impacts.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of morphology and miscibility of isotactic polypropylene, ethylene‐butene copolymer and chlorinated polyolefin blends via LSCFM, SEM, WAXD, and DMA
Authors: Deng Kangqing , Felorzabihi Neda , Winnik Mitchell A. , Jiang Zhaohua , Yin Zhihui , Yaneff Philip V. , Ryntz Rose A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThermoplastic olefins (TPOs) are an important class of material used in the automotive industry. They are blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and a polyolefin impact modifier. Chlorinated polyolefin (CPO) is a polymer used as an adhesion promoter to promote the paintability of TPO. The synthesis of a coumarin dye‐labeled chlorinated (21.8 wt% Cl) maleated polypropylene (CPO), HY dye‐labeled MEBR (maleated ethylene‐butene copolymer with 28 wt% butene), and CPO (21.8 wt% Cl) was described. They were introduced as tracers into iPP/EBR9 (ethylene‐butene copolymer with 9 wt% butene), iPP/CPO, EBR9/CPO binary, and iPP/EBR9/CPO ternary blends. The annealing effect on morphologies of the blends was examined by laser scanning confocal fluorescent microscopy (LSCFM). LSCFM revealed that the annealing caused phase coarsening in iPP/CPO and iPP/EBR blends, but had no obvious effect on the morphology of EBR/CPO blends, while in iPP/EBR/CPO ternary blends, iPP and EBR formed a completely separate domain, iPP and CPO formed their own domains EBR was distributed in the CPO domains. The morphology of iPP, EBR, and CPO binary blends was further investigated by SEM. SEM images showed that EBR and CPO interpenetrated each other on the nanometer scale in EBR/CPO blends, while obvious phase separation was observed in iPP/CPO and iPP/EBR blends. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed that iPP and EBR, iPP and CPO crystallized respectively in binary blends, while there was a new population of crystals formed in EBR/CPO blend. Further exploration by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that there were two β relaxation transitions in iPP/CPO and iPP/EBR blends, and only one β relaxation transition with a small shoulder in EBR/CPO blends. Thus, we concluded that iPP/EBR and iPP/CPO blends are immiscible; the EBR/CPO blend is miscible in the melt and partially miscible in solid state, which is in agreement with the predictions based on calculations of the results by binary interaction energy density (Bij–Bc). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FoxM1 is up‐regulated in gastric cancer and its inhibition leads to cellular senescence, partially dependent on p27kip1
Authors: Zeng Jiping , Wang Lixiang , Li Qiao , Li Wenjuan , Björkholm Magnus , Jia Jihui , Xu Dawei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe FoxM1 transcription factor, a master regulator of mitotic gene expression, promotes the pathogenesis of several malignancies. However, little is known about its expression and function in gastric cancer. In the present study we determined whether FoxM1 is over‐expressed in gastric cancer, and whether it is required to maintain an immortal phenotype of gastric cancer cells. The over‐expression of FoxM1 was observed in 37/42 tumour specimens from patients with gastric cancer. When FoxM1 in gastric cancer cells was knocked‐down, impaired clonogenicity and cellular senescence occurred independently of p53 and p16 status. FoxM1 depletion led to the down‐regulation of its target genes c‐MYC and Skp2, coupled with the accumulation of the CDK inhibitor p27kip1. Importantly, the FoxM1 inhibition‐mediated cellular senescence and clonogenic defect was attenuated by the abolition of p27kip1 induction. Telomerase reverse transcriptase, the key component of telomerase essential for cellular immortalization, was also inhibited in the FoxM1‐depleted cells. Taken together, the FoxM1 gene is aberrantly activated in gastric cancer and its inhibition triggers p53‐ and p16‐independent senescence of cancer cells by regulating the expression of p27kip1 and other targets. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of FoxM1 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, which may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications in gastric cancer. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversal of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multi‐drug resistance by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl‐b in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zhang Ye , Qu Xiujuan , Hu Xuejun , Yang Xianghong , Hou Kezuo , Teng Yuee , Zhang Jingdong , Sada Kiyonao , Liu Yunpeng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated multi‐drug resistance (MDR) is a major barrier to the effective chemotherapy of many cancers. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway can reverse P‐gp‐mediated MDR. We investigated the expression of activated Akt (p‐Akt) in 124 human gastric carcinoma tissue samples. Ubiquitous p‐Akt expression was recorded in the majority (88/124). There was a significant correlation between p‐Akt expression and the expression of P‐gp. In the adriamycin‐resistant MDR gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/ADR, p‐Akt expression was increased in comparison with the parental cell line SGC7901. Treatment of SGC7901/ADR cells with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reduced the expression of both p‐Akt and P‐gp. To explore the role of ubiquitin ligase Cbl‐b in this regulatory pathway, SGC7901/ADR cells were transfected with a plasmid overexpressing wild‐type Cbl‐b. This down‐regulated the expression of both p‐Akt and P‐gp. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs was partially reversed. These results demonstrate an important role for Cbl‐b in reversing P‐gp‐mediated gastric cancer MDR through suppression of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and the down‐regulation of P‐gp expression. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.