bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing Time for Health Behaviors: Associations of Time Perspective With Physical Activity and Weight Management in Older Adults
Authors: Davis Paul A. , Trotter Michael , Åström Elisabeth , Rönnlund Michael 
Published: April 2024

Purpose To examine associations between time perspective and health promotion behaviors of physical activity and weight management. Design Quantitative cross-sectional. Setting This study is part of the Betula project on aging, memory, and dementia in Northern Sweden. Subjects 417 older adults aged between 55 and 85 years. Measures Swedish-Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; Physical Activity in the past year, past week, and in comparison with others of similar age; Weight Management = Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2). Results After controlling for age, sex, and years of education, hierarchical linear regression indicated a Balanced Time Perspective was significantly associated with more physical activity in the past year ( P = .04), the past week ( P < .001), and in comparison with others ( P < .01). Past Negative time perspective was associated with less physical activity in the past year ( P = .03), and in comparison with others ( P = .03). Present Fatalistic was associated with less physical activity during the past week ( P = .03), and in comparison with others ( P = .01). Present Hedonistic was associated with more physical activity the past week ( P = .03), and in comparison with others ( P = .03). Past Negative was associated with higher BMI ( P = .02), and Future Negative were associated with lower BMI ( P = .01). Taken collectively, greater positivity and flexibility across time perspectives was associated with more physical activity, whereas negative oriented time perspectives related with less physical activity and poorer weight management. Conclusion Time perspective can be associated with health behaviors in older adults and have implications for health across the lifespan. Health promotion interventions may target older adults’ enjoyment of exercise and weight management in the present, rather than highlight potential negative health outcomes in the future.
Institutional Distance and Trade Cooperation: Empirical Evidence from India and its Partner Countries
Authors: Wani Suadat Hussain , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Equbal Md. Sarafraz 
Published: April 2024

The present study analyses the effect of differences in government effectiveness, political stability, rule of law, voice and accountability, control of corruption and regulatory authority on bilateral trade. Based on the data collected for India and its trade partners over 24 consecutive years, the present study applies an augmented gravity model. The findings indicate that institutions at level and institutional distance play an important role in export promotion of India to these countries. Among the various institutional factors, voice and accountability, control of corruption and government effectiveness have considerable influence on exports from India. The study concludes that institutional quality needs to be improved further to enhance trade cooperation between these countries. JEL: F41, C5, C0, E0
Average lifespan variation among people with mental disorders in Denmark: a nationwide, register-based cohort study
Authors: Zheng Yan , Weye Nanna , Aburto José Manuel , Permanyer Iñaki , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer 
Published: April 2024

Aims: Mortality associated with mental disorders has been estimated using metrics such as mortality rate ratios and life expectancy. However, the variation around the average life expectancy has never been quantified. The main aim of this study was to measure life disparity for people with mental disorders as a measure of inequality at the time of death. Methods: Using data from Danish registries, average life disparity was introduced and calculated to measure the lifespan variation associated with major types of mental disorders. Average life expectancy is also reported for completeness. Results: Compared with the general population, people with mental disorders not only had shorter average life expectancy, but experienced larger average life disparity. For those diagnosed with a mental disorder, average life expectancy increased between 1995 and 2021; however, average life disparity declined in women only, and did not change for men. In addition, the differences in both metrics between those with mental disorders and the general population were largest for substance use disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. For these disorders, the differences even increased during the study period. Conclusions: Mortality rates for individuals with mental disorders have been declining in recent decades in Denmark; however, the increase in the average life disparity emphasizes the increasing heterogeneity and inequality in lifespans within this group, which requires measures to promote a longer and more equal life for those with mental disorders.
Worsening Burnout in Orthopedic Surgeons Since 2019 and Key Areas of Work life Drivers
Authors: Lu Shuting , Mc Colgan Rosie , Nguyen Joseph , Kelly Bryan T. , Fufa Duretti T. 
Published: April 2024

Background: In 2019, we assessed rates of burnout in orthopedic surgeons (attendings and trainees) at our institution and found distinct levels and drivers of burnout. Excessive workload had the strongest association with burnout across career stages. Purposes: We sought to re-examine the rates of burnout in orthopedic trainees and faculty in the same institution several years later and to identify the areas of worklife that correlated with burnout at distinct career stages, comparing 2019 and 2023 responses. Methods: From November 2022 to February 2023, we invited 190 orthopedic attending surgeons and trainees to participate in a survey by email. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Areas of Worklife Scale were used to evaluate burnout and areas of worklife, respectively. Respondents were invited to elaborate on their experiences in free-text boxes. Results were compared to those of our 2019 survey. Results: In 2023, 76 recipients completed the survey, for a 40% response rate, compared with a 79% response rate in 2019. The response rate among residents fell from 93% in 2019 to 28% in 2023. High levels of depersonalization were found in 38% of residents and 21% of attending surgeons. High levels of emotional exhaustion were found in 31% of residents and 33% of attending surgeons. The proportion of attending surgeons reporting symptoms of burnout doubled between 2019 and 2023, whereas rates remained similar in residents. In 2023, 38% of residents reported low personal accomplishment compared with 5% in 2019. Excessive workload and limited job control were the work life areas most strongly correlated with burnout. Conclusions: The results of our 2023 survey suggest that burnout rates increased in academic orthopedic attending surgeons at our institution since 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of institutions continuing to prioritize physician well-being.
Global, regional, and national burden of stroke from 1990 to 2019: A temporal trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Lu Hao , Yang Chunhua 
Published: April 2024

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. However, how the prevalence of stroke varies across the world is uncertain. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trends of prevalence for stroke, including ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at the global, regional, and national levels. Methods: The age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) of stroke, IS, ICH, and SAH, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were derived from data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This provides estimates for the burden of 369 diseases and injuries globally in 2019, as well as their temporal trends over the past 30 years. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the 1990–2019 temporal trends by calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), as well as their 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: In 2019, the global ASPR of stroke was 1240.263 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 1139.711 to 1352.987), with ASPRs generally lower in Europe compared to other regions. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, a significant global decrease in ASPR was observed for stroke (AAPC −0.200, 95% CI: −0.215 to −0.183), IS (AAPC −0.059%, 95% CI: −0.077 to −0.043), SAH (AAPC −0.476, 95% CI: −0.483 to −0.469), and ICH (AAPC −0.626, 95% CI: −0.642 to −0.611). The trends of ASPR of stroke, IS, SAH, and ICH varied significantly across 204 countries and territories. Conclusion: Our findings highlight significant global disparities in stroke prevalence, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and intensified efforts in developing regions to reduce the global burden of stroke.
Efficacy of intratracheal dexmedetomidine on recovery from general anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Abdel Rady Marwa Mahmoud , Ali Wesam Nashat , Mansour Fatma Batity , Abdullah Othman Ekram , Abo Elfadl Ghada Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

Background: This study investigated the effectiveness of intratracheal dexmedetomidine in reducing untoward laryngeal responses in paediatrics undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Methods: This trial included 60 patients divided into two groups scheduled for lower abdominal surgeries. Group D were given intratracheal dexmedetomidine at a dosage of 0.5mg/kg, while Group C received intratracheal saline (0.9%). The cough severity score, the Paediatric Objective Pain Scale for pain assessment, awareness, extubation, emergence agitation score, Ramsay sedation score and adverse effects were recorded. Results: There was a significant difference in the incidence of coughing severity between Groups D and C both at extubation and after five minutes of extubation (p < 0.001). The median scores of the Paediatric Objective Pain Scales and the median agitation scales of Group D were significantly lower over the first four hours (p < 0.050). The mean time to first request rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the D group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean total consumption of rescue analgesia in the first 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (p < 0.050). Awareness and extubation times were comparable in both groups, and none of the subjects reported any adverse effects. Conclusion: In the current study, lower abdominal surgery patients who received intratracheal dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5mg/kg 30 minutes before the completion of the procedure experienced smooth extubation and balanced anaesthetic recovery.
Andrographis paniculata Leaves Extract Alleviates UVB-Induced HaCaT Cells Through Suppressing Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Activation
Authors: Bayazid Al Borhan , Hwang Ue Kyoung , Jang Young Ah , Jeong Yeong Hwan , Jo Yu Chang , Lim Beong Ou 
Published: April 2024

Objectives Andrographis paniculata leaves have been widely used in traditional medicine due to their rich content of phenolic compounds. We sought to figure out the skin beneficial effects of Andrographis paniculata leaves extract. Methods In this study, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid content of Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts (ALE), as well as its antioxidant activities against diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS, and hydrogen peroxide radicals. Additionally, we conducted cell viability assays, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , and western blot analysis to investigate the biochemical effects of ALE on UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Results Our results revealed that ALE exhibited a high concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids, which were associated with potent abiotic antioxidant properties. Furthermore, ALE treatment effectively abrogated the damage caused by UVB radiation on key molecules such as hyaluronan synthase 1, aquaporin 3, and loricrin in HaCaT cells. ALE also demonstrated the ability to reduce the overactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Additionally, ALE positively influenced the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in these cells. Conclusion Overall, our findings highlight the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ALE, as well as its significant role in modulating skin barrier functions. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of ALE in skincare and dermatological applications.
Association of Muscle Strength, Psychological Factors, and Central Sensitization With Movement-Evoked Pain in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: The BACKFIT Project
Authors: Segura-Jiménez Víctor , Tsiarleston Gavriella , Donoso Belén , Gil-Gutiérrez Yolanda María , Delgado-Fernández Manuel 
Published: April 2024

Background: People with chronic pain might evade certain movements to prevent their experience of pain. Movement-evoked pain (MEP) might induce lower functionality during daily activities. Hypothesis: (1) MEP after physical fitness tests would vary depending on the main musculature involved in the test; (2) physical and psychological factors would be associated with MEP in patients with NSCLBP. Study Design: Cross-sectional design. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 104 (69 women) patients aged 51.0 ± 10.3 years with NSCLBP participated. MEP was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and immediately after performing each physical fitness test, that is, the Biering-Sørensen, prone bridging, handgrip, chair-stand, and 8-foot time-up-and-go tests, measuring back extensor, back flexor, upper- and lower-body muscle strength, and motor agility, respectively. Global muscle strength was calculated with normalized index ( z-score) procedure. Depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and central sensitization were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II, State Trait Anxiety Inventory I, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), respectively. Results: Patients showed greater pain after completion of the Biering-Sørensen (mean difference 95% CI, 0.02, 1.11), prone bridging (0.15, 1.21), lower pain after handgrip (-1.46, -0.52), and the 8-foot time-up-and-go (-1.43, 0.46) tests (all P ≤ 0.04). Lower global muscular strength (β between -0.18 and -0.30), and greater pain catastrophizing (β = 0.16), and CSI scoring (β between 0.18 and 0.27) were associated with greater MEP (all P ≤ 0.04). Conclusion: Greater MEP was observed after tests measuring core musculature strength than after tests measuring distal (limbs) strength and agility. Greater MEP was overall associated with lower muscle strength, greater pain catastrophizing, and central sensitization. Clinical Relevance: Fitness testing might be implemented as a complementary tool for the monitoring of NSCLBP in clinical settings.
Enlarging and shrinking focal perivascular spaces
Authors: Boutet Alexandre , Son Hyo Jin , Malik Mikail , Haile Samuel , Yang Andrew Z , Pai Vivek , Germann Jurgen , Mandell Daniel M 
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose Perivascular spaces (PVS) are interstitial fluid-filled spaces surrounding blood vessels traversing the deep gray nuclei and white matter of the brain. These are commonly encountered on CT and MR imaging and are generally asymptomatic and of no clinical significance. However, occasional changes in the size of focal PVS, for example, when enlarging, may mimic pathologies including neoplasms and infections, hence potentially confounding radiological interpretation. Given these potential diagnostic issues, we sought to better characterize common clinical and imaging features of focal PVS demonstrating size fluctuations. Materials and Methods Upon institutional approval, we retrospectively identified 4 cases demonstrating PVS with size changes at our institution. To supplement our cases, we also performed a literature review, which identified an additional 14 cases. Their clinical and imaging data were analyzed to identify characteristic features. Results Of the 18 total cases (including the 4 institutional cases), 10 cases increased and 8 decreased in size. These focal PVS ranged from 0.4–4.5 cm in size. Whereas a decrease in size did not represent a diagnostic issue, focal increase in size of PVS led to concerning differential diagnoses in at least 30% of the radiology reports. These enlarging PVS were most found in the basal ganglia and temporal lobe, and in patients with previous brain radiation treatment. Conclusion Focal size change of PVS can occur, especially years after brain radiation treatment. Being cognizant of this benign finding is important to consider in the differential diagnosis to avoid undue patient anxiety or unnecessary medical intervention.
Traditional eye medicine practice and its determinant factors among ophthalmic patients in the West Bank
Authors: Atawi Raghda , Ayed Ahmad , Batran Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

Background: Traditional eye medicine (TEM) is becoming more widely used across the world. Depending on the drugs used, TEM usage can be considered harmful or innocuous. The therapy may induce infection or irreparable blindness in the already injured eye. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of traditional eye medicine practices and associated factors among adult ophthalmic patients attending ophthalmic clinics in the governmental hospitals in the West Bank. Design and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 300 patients. The data was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results of the study revealed that 65.7% of people use TEM. The most common symptoms that necessitated the use of traditional eye practice were inflammatory symptoms of the eye (49.2%), blurred vision (15.7%), and allergic conjunctivitis (10.7%). The most common TEM used was tea (34.0%), followed by herbal products (25.4%) and vegetable slices (potato, cucumber, and onion) (14.7%). The most traditional eye treatment was the topical route (92.9%). The majority of prescribers of traditional eye practice were traditional healers (48.7%). Furthermore, the current study found that occupation and the income were predictors of using traditional eye practice among ophthalmic patients attending ophthalmic clinics in selected West Bank hospitals. Conclusion: The proportion of traditional eye medicine practice was high among ophthalmic patients in the West Bank. The predictors of using traditional eye treatment were occupation and the income. The most common TEM used was tea, followed by herbal products and vegetable slices (potato, cucumber, and onion).
Efficacy and safety of oral factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin-K antagonists in the early phase after acute ischemic stroke or TIA in the real-world setting: The PRODAST study
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Grosse Gerrit M , Hüsing Anika , Stang Andreas , Kuklik Nils , Brinkmann Marcus , Maurer Gabriele D , Soda Hassan , Pohlmann Carsten , Hilker-Roggendorf Rüdiger , Popovic Nikola , Kraft Peter , Mackert Bruno-Marcel , Eschenfelder Christoph C , Weimar Christian 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors are superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in terms of avoiding hemorrhagic complications. However, no robust data are available to date as to whether this also applies to the early phase after stroke. In this prospective registry study, we aimed to investigate whether anticoagulation with FXa inhibitors in the early phase after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is associated with a lower risk of major bleeding events compared with VKAs. Materials and methods: The Prospective Record of the Use of Dabigatran in Patients with Acute Stroke or TIA (PRODAST) study is a prospective, multicenter, observational, post-authorization safety study at 86 German stroke units between July 2015 and November 2020. Primary outcome was a major bleeding event during hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were recurrent strokes, recurrent ischemic strokes, TIA, systemic/pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, death and the composite endpoint of stroke, systemic embolism, life-threatening bleeding and death. Results: In total, 10,039 patients have been recruited. 5,874 patients were treated with FXa inhibitors and 1,050 patients received VKAs and were eligible for this analysis. Overall, event rates were low. We observed 49 major bleeding complications during 33,297 treatment days with FXa-inhibitors (rate of 14.7 cases per 10,000 treatment days) and 16 cases during 7,714 treatment days with VKAs (rate of 20.7 events per 10,000 treatment days), translating into an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.70 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.37–1.32) in favor of FXa inhibitors. Hazards for ischemic endpoints (63 vs 17 strokes, aHR: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.53–1.74), mortality (33 vs 6 deaths, aHR: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.33–2.34)) and the combined endpoint (154 vs 39 events, aHR: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.65–1.41) were not substantially different. Discussion and conclusion: This large real-world study shows that FXa inhibitors appear to be similarly effective in terms of bleeding events and ischemic endpoints compared to VKAs in the early post-stroke phase of hospitalization. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution due to the low precision of the estimates.
Adolescent Substance Use at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Gerke Donald R. , Atteberry-Ash Brittanie , Call Jarrod , Hostetter C. Riley 
Published: April 2024

Background: Substance use in adolescence is associated with multiple negative outcomes. Lesbian, gay, or bisexual or transgender or nonbinary (TNB) youth, and those who question their sexual orientation or gender, are more likely to engage in substance use than straight or cisgender youth. However, the extant literature largely considers sexual orientation and gender identity independently. Accordingly, this study examines the associations between the intersectional identities of sexual orientation and gender and substance use to identify those with the greatest need for prevention interventions. Methods: Data were from 36 504 high school students aged 14 to 18 years (mean = 15.7, SD = 1.18) enrolled in the 2019 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey using a statewide stratified random sampling design. Logistic regression models examined the associations between intersectional sexual orientation and gender on marijuana use, prescription drug misuse, and polysubstance use, as well as depression and violence victimization (eg, forced sex, partner violence). Results: Adjusted odds of substance use for sexual and gender minority youth varied by intersectional identity and substance. The largest effect sizes were seen for prescription drug misuse, especially among those questioning their gender and sexual orientation and heterosexuals either questioning their gender or who identified as TNB. Effect sizes for marijuana use and polysubstance use were highest for TNB and heterosexual participants. Depression and violence victimization were significantly associated with each substance use outcome. Conclusions: Interventions to reduce substance use in these populations may benefit from targeted interventions for youth with different intersectional identities, and a focus on violence prevention and depression screening and treatment.