bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further investigation of secondary venous obstruction
Authors: Angel Michael F. , Knight Kenneth R. , Amiss L. R. , Morgan Raymond F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe first ischemic insult a tissue suffers is primary (1°). A second ischemic episode, such as thrombosis after free tissue transfer may be regarded as secondary (2°) ischemia. The current study investigated 2° ischemia in rodent epigastric flaps. Flaps were elevated in 50 Sprague‐Dawley rats: group 1 had 5 hours 1° venous ischemia induced by placement of microvascular clamps; group 2 was like group 1, except venous continuity was re‐established by venous anastomosis after resection of the venous segment previously microclamped; group 3 had 15 minutes of 1° ischemia, 24 hr later 5 hr of 2° venous ischemia was induced by placement of microvascular clamps; group 4 was like group 3, except the venous segment was excised. Necrosis was evaluated on postoperative day 7. Both secondary ischemic groups had significantly less flap survival than the corresponding primary ischemic groups (P<0.001 for both). Resection of a portion of the vein and subsequent microanastomosis did not reduce flap survival (NS). Secondary venous ischemia of 5‐hr duration is poorly tolerated by rodent skin flaps. There was no difference in flap survival in those flaps whose veins were clamped for 5 hr compared to those flaps whose clamped venous segments were resected and re‐anastomosed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid blood flow in anesthetized rats: Effects of carotid ligation and anastomosis
Authors: García‐Villalón Angel Luis , Roda José María , Alvarez Fernando , Gómez Bernardino , Diéguez Godofredo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn experimental model was developed for continuous measurement of the common carotid blood flow, in the anesthetized rat, with an electromagnetic flowmeter. The mean carotid blood flow for 41 rats averaged 3.2 ± 0.2 ml/min at an average mean arterial pressure of 101 ± 2.5 mm Hg and arterial pO2 of 106 ± 3.4 mm Hg, pCO2 of 38 ± 1.2 mm Hg, and pH of 7.36 ± 0.02. This model allowed short‐ and long‐term carotid hemodynamic changes to be recorded after contralateral carotid ligation or end‐to‐side carotid anastomosis. After ligation of the contralateral carotid, blood flow through the intact carotid increased 25% (at about 1 week) and 45% (at about 5‐6 months), whereas, after anastomosis, carotid blood flow increased 76% and 89% at periods comparable to those after ligation. Arterial pressure and gases did not change throughout the experimental periods. Probable mechanisms involved in these carotid hemodynamic changes are discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelialization of microporous polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in the infrarenal aorta and caval vein of the rat
Authors: Zdanowski Zbigniew , Ribbe Else , Bengmark Stig 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo study healing and endothelialization of vascular grafts, microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses 2 mm in inner diameter and 5 mm long were implanted into the infrarenal aorta or caval vein of the rat. Patency was assessed in six rats from each group at days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 after implantation. Four grafts were occluded, two in the aorta (56 days) and two in the caval vein (3 and 14 days). The prostheses were examined via scanning electron and light microscopy for evaluation of endothelialization. At 3 days, the inner surface of the aortic grafts was covered by a plasma proteinaceous layer and that of the caval vein grafts by a thin mural thrombus. Endothelial cells then migrated from aorta/caval vein edges over the graft. At 14 days, the caval vein grafts were completely reendothelialized, and, at 28 days, the mural thrombus in these grafts was replaced by neointima. In contrast, endothelialization of the aortic grafts had advanced only 1 mm at about 56 days, never forming a complete endothelial layer. We conclude that endothelialization of microporous PTFE prostheses is more rapid and complete in the caval vein than in the aorta of the rat. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal fixation in the rabbit knee transplantation model
Authors: Nolan Liana M. , Bowen C. Vaughan A. , Boyer Martin I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe immature rabbit knee model for epiphyseal plate transplantations has been used by a number of investigators. Rigid fixation of the femoral osteosynthesis has been difficult to achieve reliably. This paper describes a new technique for obtaining consistent and satisfactory skeletal fixation in this model. The tibia was internally fixed with an ASIF/AO four‐hole minifragment plate. The femur was fixed with a 2.4 mm Steinman pin supplemented with two 26 gauge stainless steel interosseous wire loops placed at right angles to each other. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified anastomotic technique for 1 millimeter internal diameter polytetrafluoroethylene arterial grafts in the rat
Authors: Golding Michael J. , Harris John P. , May James 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReported patency rates after standard end‐to‐end anastomoses for microvascular prosthetic grafts have been inconsistent and usually disappointing. A modified anastomotic technique is described in which the prosthetic graft is invaginated inside the arterial lumen. In this study of 6 cm lengths of 1 mm internal diameter polytetrafluoroethylene femoro‐femoral bypass grafts in the rat, 6 (40%) of 15 grafts with standard anastomoses were patent at 6 months compared to 28 (90%) of 31 grafts using the modified anastomotic technique (P<0.001). With invagination of the prosthetic graft inside the arterial lumen, reliable high patency rates can be achieved with microvascular prostheses long enough for potential clinical applications. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of fibrin glue to minimize bleeding of microvascular repairs in hypertensive rats
Authors: Isogai Noritaka , Fukunishi Kenji , Kamiishi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe our technique of applying fibrin glue at the microvascular anastomotic site and to evaluate the effect of fibrin glue on anastomotic hemostasis and patency under various high pressure states using dopamine‐induced acute hypertension in rats. A total of 72 male Wistar Kyoto rats, 10 weeks old, were used in this study. Under urethane anesthesia, end‐to‐end anastomosis of the left femoral artery was performed using 10‐0 nylon suture by the standard interrupted suture technique. Pasteurized fibrin glue was then topically applied upon the suture line of the anastomosis. Thirty‐six normotensive rats were divided into three groups based on the number of sutures (4, 6, or 8) used to complete the anastomosis. Groups were subdivided, half receiving fibrin glue application and half without. Thirty‐six dopamine‐induced acutely hypertensive rats were divided into three groups based on the blood pressure levels of 150, 200, and 250 mmHg, respectively. These groups were again subdivided, with half receiving glue applications. Microvascular anastomosis was performed using 6 nylon sutures. Patency rates and anastomotic bleeding were evaluated. The results revealed that successful anastomoses could be performed with fewer sutures when fibrin glue was used as a reinforcement at the anastomosis. Fibrin glue was also effective at the maximum blood pressure (250 mmHg) with no anastomotic leakage and no decrease in postoperative patency rate. These results suggest that conventional microsurgical suturing technique combined with fibrin glue would be effective in the prevention of leakage in microsurgical repairs, even under conditions of high blood pressure. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability of venous anatomy of rat testis: Application to experimental testicular surgery
Authors: Pascual Juan A. , Lemmi Carlos , Rajfer Jacob 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe venous drainage of the testis of the laboratory rat was observed in 31 animals. The right testicular (internal spermatic) vein drained directly into the right common iliac vein in 77.4%, and into the inferior vena cava in 22.6% of the animals. The left testicular vein drained into the left common iliac vein in all animals, but in 90.3% there was also an accessory branch of the testicular vein draining into the left renal vein.These observations suggest that in the rat the exact anatomy of the venous drainage of each testis should be identified prior to undertaking any surgical procedure on the testis where the venous vasculature plays a major role such as testicular transplantation or the creation of an experimental varicocele. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thigh adductor flap: An experimental model for free flap transfer in the rat
Authors: Koudsi Basem , Khouri Roger K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new model of rat muscle free flap transfer is presented. The flap is based on a long pedicle originating from the femoral vessels and continuing down to the distal saphenous margin at the ankle. The distal portion of the semitendinosus muscle is harvested along with the saphenous artery and great saphenous vein. A larger muscle flap may be harvested by including the distal portions of the posterior and anterior gracilis muscles. The flap can be transferred to remote sites on the animal, with a vascular pedicle of up to 3 cm in length. The diameters of the vessels repaired are of standard microsurgical size. This model has distinct advantages of simplicity, speed of dissection, high success rate after microvascular transfer, and versatility in placement of the muscle mass (due to the long pedicle). © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
History of Microsurgery—from the beginning until the end of the 1970s
Authors: Tamai Susumu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFine surgeries were started by vascular surgeons in the mid 1500s and included vascular ligature or suture of vascular wounds incurred in battle. Between 1800 and 1900, vascular end‐to‐end or end‐to‐side anastomoses and autogenous vein grafts became possible due to the efforts of Eck, Carrel and Guthrie. Thereafter, several experiments were performed for the transplantation of organs and limbs. Since the first use of the monocular microscope for ear surgery by Nylén in 1921 and the use of the binocular microscope by Holmgren in 1923, true microsurgery has developed and has gradually been specialized for every clinical discipline including otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, brain‐neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, transplantation surgery, oncology, gynecology and urology. This could not have been accomplished without the development of the Zeiss operating microscope (OpMi system), fine microinstruments, and fine suture materials. The author describes the history of microsurgery from its beginning through the end of the 1970s, covering as many surgical disciplines as possible. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Replantations and their functional results: The Turkish experience
Authors: Bora Arslan , Ada Sait , Ozerkan Fuat , Tetik Firdevs 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of microsurgery with regard to replantation of severed extremities has in Turkey been a relatively recent although rapid process. The first revascularization was performed by our team in Izmir in 1986. By 1988 a 24‐hr emergency replantation service was available and a special surgery branch hospital in hand and microsurgery was established in 1991. This hospital was the first of its kind in Turkey and one of the few in the world. Here we present our replantation series comprising 83 patients treated between July, 1986, and December, 1990. From a total of 83 patients, 136 extremities were involved, with only 24 of 136 lost; a success rate of 82%. Functional results were rated as excellent or good in 49 cases. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Microvascular transplant of the gastrocnemius muscle in rats
Authors: Tonken Heidi P. , Zhang Feng , Sudekum Anthony E. , Siko Peter P. , Newlin Leonard , Partington Marshall T. , Buncke Harry J. , Lineaweaver William C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rat gastrocnemius muscle can serve as a vascularized, innervated muscle transplant model. To establish the anatomic and technical details of this model, we performed ten gastrocnemius transplants and collected data on muscle weight, dimension, and vessel caliber from each muscle. The muscle, consisting of medial and lateral heads, is supplied by pairs of sural vessels averaging 0.2 mm in diameter. These vessels, however, can be taken in continuity with the femoral vessels (averaging 1.0–1.6 mm in diameter), which are used for transplantation. The muscles weighed an average of 2.8 g, and the average pedicle length was 24 mm. Eight of ten transplanted muscles were viable with intact circulation at 72 hr. The gastrocnemius transplant was technically reliable, and the muscle bulk and contour could allow biochemical and functional studies. Donor site morbidity limits this model to transplantation Studies. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Free skeletal muscle transplantation to an infarction area: An experimental study in the dog.
Authors: Beyer Michael , Hoffer Harald , Eggeling Thomas , Matt Otto , Beyer Ulrike , Hannekum A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn plastic surgery, free skeletal muscle flaps are used for treatment of non‐healing injuries like chronic osteitis or radiation ulcers. We wanted to evaluate if the neoangiogenesis induced by these flaps can also constitute a method for revascularization in ischemic heart disease. In diffuse small vessel coronary heart disease, patients are not suitable for bypass surgery because it is impossible to create a microanastomosis with the coronary artery. As an alternative, a free striated muscle flap, transplanted onto the heart, can constitute a source of neovessels. With the induction of extra‐intracardial collaterals that develop within 4 weeks after transplantation of the flap, a new surgical approach may be offered to those patients. Our experimental work was performed with 20 dogs. In these, a myocardial infarction of the anterior wall was selectively produced using the Judkins‐technique (Radiology 89: 815–824, 1967) for injection of Sephadex‐microspheres. Four weeks later a free pectoralis muscle flap was transplanted onto the anterior wall of the heart. Arterial blood supply was achieved with an anastomosis with the internal mammary artery. The venous flow was directed into the right atrium. Four to eight weeks after surgery, the patency of the anastomosis was studied by angiography, showing patency in almost all surviving animals. Histological examination of the hearts revealed a prominent vascular network penetrating into the underlying myocardium. Corrosion cast preparations, as well as a postmortem angiography, showed even further penetration of the neovessels into the uninjured parts of the myocardium. Thus, myocardial revascularization may be achieved by transplantation of a skeletal muscle onto the heart. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Nerve repair using freezing and fibrin glue: Immediate histologic improvement of axonal coaptation
Authors: Bertelli Jayme Augusto , Mira Jean‐Claude 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDespite the fine microsurgical techniques available, injuries to peripheral nerves are still a surgical problem. Sutures placed in the epineurium or perineurium cause compression, brushing, and misdirection of endoneural tissue. A technique of nerve repair using freezing to trim the nerve and fibrin glue to coat it before thawing is described. The entire surgical repair procedure is carried out with the nerve stumps frozen. The observed axonal alignment with this technique was much better than that obtained by microsuture alone. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Effect of pre‐existing health conditions on the results of reconstructive microvascular surgery
Authors: Al Qattan Mohammad M. , Bowen Vaughan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of different pre‐existing health conditions on the results of reconstructive microvascular surgery are reviewed. These conditions include: age, vital organ failure, diabetes, arterial and venous diseases, medications, smoking, wound healing disorders, epidermolysis bullosa, hematological diseases, multiple injury patients, pregnancy, and neuropsychiatric disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Operative complications and the management of intraoperative flow failure
Authors: McKee Nancy H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFree flap flow failure can be either that of an artery and/or vein(s). One approach is to ascertain precisely which vessel(s) is compromised, then figure out whether the problem is on the patient's side or the flap side or at the anastomosis itself. A well perfused patient can minimize a patient‐side problem. An anastomotic problem can be revised with or without adding a graft. There is potential to avoid further anastomotic problems with the use of some form of anticoagulant. Problems on the flap side, if limited, can be dealt with by resection or repair. Anticoagulants may be of value. Occasionally, another free flap is needed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Ischemia reperfusion injury: A review
Authors: Kerrigan Carolyn L. , Stotland Mitchell A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIschemia reperfusion injury is reviewed in the context of the evolution of flap research over the past decade. A description of the clinical relevance of this field is presented and the possible etiologies are reviewed. The pathophysi‐ology of this injury is then explored in some detail. Both skin and myocuta‐neous flaps, in a variety of animal models, are discussed. Research performed in vitro, as well as in other organ systems similarly affected by ischemia and reperfusion, is also examined. Particular attention is placed on the function of several newly described inflammatory mediators where it appears relevant to future research and treatment in the field of reconstructive microsurgery. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
En bloc kidney and whole pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with bladder drainage in the rat: Microsurgical technique and outcome
Authors: Nakai Ichiro , Oka Takahiro , Kaufman Dixon B. , Field M. Jane , Sutherland David E. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA microsurgical technique for en bloc kidney and whole pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with bladder drainage employing triple vascular anastomoses without the need for a vascular cuff is described. Nineteen combined isografts were performed using this technique in inbred male Lewis (RT1:l) rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Six recipients died within 1 month from early complications (two from uremia, two from pancreatitis, one from bleeding, one from peritonitis); the other 13 survived more than 1 month after transplantation with both the pancreas and kidney grafts functioning. Four of the 13 rats died after 1 month (one from uremia secondary to an obstructed ureter, one from unexplained uremia, one from peritonitis after a biopsy, and one of unknown causes). The pancreas isografts of two animals were excised at 1 and 3 months to confirm dependence on the graft; both animals became hyperglycemic after graft pancreatectomy and had immediate declines of urine amy‐lase activity to normal. One animal was sacrificed at 3 months to determine the insulin content of its native and transplanted pancreas; insulin was very low in the former and normal in the latter. The remaining rats survived with both grafts functioning for at least 6 months (normoglycemic, high urinary amylase levels, normal or near‐normal plasma creatinine concentrations), before being sacrificed within the context of other experiments and for histological observations. Both the kidney and pancreas isografts were well preserved microscopically. En bloc pancreas and kidney transplantation with bladder drainage of excretions from both grafts is technically possible, and the success rate with our method is sufficiently high that studies designed to answer questions relevant to combined pancreas and kidney transplantation can be carried out. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Bridging nerve defects with combined skeletal muscle and vein conduits
Authors: Brunelli Giorgio A. , Battiston Bruno , Vigasio Adolfo , Brunelli Giovanni , Marocolo D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of vein or muscle grafts to bridge nerve defects longer than 1‐1.5 cm gives poor results. Veins collapse and in muscle grafts axons may regrow outside the graft. We used veins (to guide regeneration) filled with muscle (to avoid vein collapse). Nerve regeneration through 1 and 2 cm grafts made of vein plus muscle was compared with similarly long traditional nerve grafts, free fresh muscle grafts, and empty vein grafts. Regeneration was assessed clinically and histologically (qualitative and quantitative evaluation) in the graft and distal nerve stumps. Vein plus muscle grafts were superior to vein and fresh muscle grafts both functionally and histologically. Functional results were similar to those found in traditional nerve grafts, but axon number was superior in the veins filled with muscle. This suggests that vein filled with muscle might serve as a grafting conduit for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries and could give better results than traditional nerve grafting. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Total scalp replantation based on one artery and one vein
Authors: Eren Serdar , Hess Jürgen , Larkin Grahame C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA successful replantation of a totally avulsed scalp, including both eyebrows, with only one arterial and one venous anastomosis to the superficial temporal vessels is described. Apart from a small partial skin necrosis of the right eyebrow, the entire transplant survived. Subsequently, the patient required only minor additional skin grafting, correction of scars with a skin expander, and reconstruction of the eyebrow with hair micrografts. Replantation of the total scalp based on two or more vessels has previously been recommended and reported elsewhere. In the present case, complete survival of the scalp on only one artery and one vein was demonstrated, indicating that replantation should be considered even if available vessels for anastomosis are minimal. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Aneurysmal cyst of the proximal radius: Resection and free vascularized fibular bone graft
Authors: Nonnenmacher Jean , Bahm Jörg , Laforest Patrick , Kempf Ivan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present the case of a 22‐year‐old woman with an aneurysmal cyst of the right proximal radius, treated by resection and a free bone graft (microvascular fibular transfer), without recurrence after 4 years. Over a 4 month period, there was a rapidly expanding and lytic lesion found in the radius. There were symptoms of elbow and wrist pain and early radially innervated muscle weakness. Radiological examination showed a localized tumour of the proximal radius, type 2, grade C, according to the classification of Campanacci. Biopsy led to the diagnosis of an aneurysmal bone cyst. Complete tumour resection was followed by a free vascularized fibular bone graft, resulting in good functional improvement, without local recurrence. Aneurysmal bone cysts are a rare condition, and the location in the radius has not previously been described. Vascularized bone grafts are mechanically and biologically superior in this type of case. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.