bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminating early interventions following trauma
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I. , Cohen Judith A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDissemination of effective early interventions following trauma is necessary to ensure the provision of the best possible care in a timely manner. To achieve this, agreement from all key stakeholders is required regarding the messages to be disseminated and the means of dissemination. This article is based on a National Institute of Mental Health sponsored symposium on the dissemination of early interventions at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies in Toronto in 2005. The current knowledge base regarding the effectiveness and dissemination of early interventions (defined here as those that are begun within the first 3 months after exposure) following trauma for children, adolescents, and adults is considered.
Kinetics of the bromate–bromide reaction at high bromide concentrations
Authors: Schmitz Guy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAt bromide concentrations higher than 0.1 M, a second term must be added to the classical rate law of the bromate–bromide reaction that becomes −d[BrO3−]/dt = [BrO3−][H+]2(k1[Br−] + k2[Br−]2). In perchloric solutions at 25°C, k1 = 2.18 dm3 mol−3 s−1 and k2 = 0.65 dm4 mol−4 s−1 at 1 M ionic strength and k1 = 2.60 dm3 mol3 s−1and k2 = 1.05 dm4 mol−4 s−1 at 2 M ionic strength. A mechanism explaining this rate law, with Br2O2 as key intermediate species, is proposed. Errors that may occur when using the Guggenheim method are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 17–21, 2007
Syntheses and Specific Interactions of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(vinyl phenol) Copolymers Obtained via a Combination of Ring‐Opening and Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerizations
Authors: Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Huang Chih‐Feng , Lu Chu‐Hua , Lin Ho‐May , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: A series of PCL‐b‐PVPh diblock copolymers were prepared through combinations of ring‐opening and atom‐transfer radical polymerizations of ε‐caprolactone and 4‐acetoxystyrene, and subsequent selective hydrolysis of the acetyl protective group. This PCL‐b‐PVPh diblock copolymer shows a single glass transition temperature over the entire composition range, indicating that this copolymer is able to form a miscible amorphous phase due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl of PVPh and the carbonyl of PCL. In addition, DSC analyses also indicated that the PCL‐b‐PVPh diblock copolymers have higher glass transition temperatures than their corresponding PCL/PVPh blends. FT‐IR was used to study the hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the PVPh hydroxyl group and the PCL carbonyl group at various compositions.FT‐IR spectra in the 1 680–1 780 cm−1 for PCL‐b‐PVPh copolymers with various PVPh contents.magnified imageFT‐IR spectra in the 1 680–1 780 cm−1 for PCL‐b‐PVPh copolymers with various PVPh contents.
Blends of Immiscible Polystyrene/Polyamide 6 via Successive In‐Situ Polymerizations
Authors: Pei Aihua , Liu Andong , Xie Tingxiu , Yang Guisheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: A novel method has been successfully developed to prepare binary blends of PS and MCPA6. The blends are formed by the radical polymerization of styrene in CL, followed by the in‐situ anionic ring‐opening polymerization of CL in the presence of PS. The phase morphology investigated using SEM reveals that PS/MCPA6 blends with a PS content of 10 wt.‐% or lower consists of a MCPA6 matrix and a dispersed PS minor phase. Remarkably, phase inversion occurs in blends that have a PS content of 15 wt.‐% or higher, in which MCPA6 is no longer continuous but finely dispersed in the PS continuous phase. The phase inversion occurs at an extremely low PS content, and this phenomenon is unusual for traditional polymer blends prepared by melt blending. The probable reason for the particular phase morphology development is explained. The stability of the phase morphologies of the PS/MCPA6 blends after annealing at 250 °C is also investigated by SEM.SEM micrograph of the fractured surface of a PS/MCPA6 blend with a PS content of 20 wt.‐%, in which MCPA6, as spherical particles, is dispersed in the PS continuous phase.magnified imageSEM micrograph of the fractured surface of a PS/MCPA6 blend with a PS content of 20 wt.‐%, in which MCPA6, as spherical particles, is dispersed in the PS continuous phase.
Poly[(para‐halogenated)phenylacetylene]s Prepared with a [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2 Catalyst: Syntheses and Structure Elucidation
Authors: Miyasaka Atsushi , Sone Takeyuki , Mawatari Yasuteru , Setayesh Sepas , Müllen Klaus , Tabata Masayoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: pXPAs were stereospecifically polymerized using [Rh(nbd)Cl]2 as catalyst in the presence of a mixed solvent, i.e., ethanol and triethylamine, at 20 °C. The resulting PpXPAs were characterized in detail in order to predict geometrical structures concerning cis and trans configurations in the main‐chain CC bonds using 1H NMR, laser Raman, XRD, and ESR methods. The data showed that the PpXPAs have an extremely high content of the cis‐transoid form. Immobile unpaired electrons, ca. 1.2–3.1 × 1017 spins · g−1, called the cis radicals, were found to be stabilized even in the pristine cis PpXPAs. The observed g values of the pristine PpXPAs could be correlated with the spin‐orbit coupling constant ζ of the halogen atom at the para position of the phenyl.Second derivative ESR spectra of PpIPA observed (a) before and (b) after compression, and the suggested respective structures.magnified imageSecond derivative ESR spectra of PpIPA observed (a) before and (b) after compression, and the suggested respective structures.
The embedded discontinuous Galerkin method: application to linear shell problems
Authors: Güzey S. , Cockburn B. , Stolarski H. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new discontinuous Galerkin method for elliptic problems which is capable of rendering the same set of unknowns in the final system of equations as for the continuous displacement‐based Galerkin method is presented. Those equations are obtained by the assembly of element matrices whose structure in particular cases is also identical to that of the continuous displacement approach. This makes the present formulation easily implementable within the existing commercial computer codes. The proposed approach is named the embedded discontinuous Galerkin method. It is applicable to any system of linear partial differential equations but it is presented here in the context of linear elasticity. An application of the method to linear shell problems is then outlined and numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of non‐linear Klein–Gordon equations by variational iteration method
Authors: Abbasbandy Saeid 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, numerical solution of non‐linear Klein–Gordon equations with power law non‐linearities are obtained by the new application of He's variational iteration method. Numerical illustrations that include non‐linear Klein–Gordon equations and non‐linear partial differential equations are investigated to show the pertinent features of the technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative assessment of small intraosseous prostate cancer burden in SCID mice using fluorescence imaging
Authors: Yamamoto Hamilto , Bonfil R. Daniel , Wiesner Christoph , Nabha Sanaa , Dong Zhong , Meng Hong , Saliganan Allen , Sabbota Aaron , Chinni Sreenivasa R. , Cher Michael L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDExperimental bone metastases are typically analyzed when the skeletal tumor burden is large enough to be detected by imaging or histology. By this time, the bone microenvironment is usually destroyed, preventing useful analysis of tumor–bone interactions.METHODSSmall intraosseous tumors generated by intratibial injection of C4‐2B prostate cancer cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were assessed using in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging, radiography, histology, and fluorometric analysis of bone lysates.RESULTSEx vivo fluorescence imaging and fluorometric analysis were capable of detecting tiny bone tumors as early as 10 days after injection. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging allowed simple quantification of small skeletal tumor burden and was useful in measuring the effect of systemic therapy.CONCLUSIONSEx vivo fluorescence imaging is a sensitive and easy method to quantify small skeletal tumor burden. This technique allows investigation of tumor–bone interactions while the bone microanatomy is still intact. Prostate 67:107–114, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The phase diagrams of the mixed spin‐3/2 and spin‐5/2 Ising system on the Bethe lattice
Authors: Albayrak Erhan , Yigit Ali 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper we study the critical behaviors of the half‐integer mixed spin‐3/2 and spin‐5/2 Blume–Capel Ising ferrimagnetic system by using the exact recursion relations on the Bethe lattice for q = 4 and 6, whose real lattice correspondences are square and simple cubic lattices, respectively. We have obtained the phase diagrams in the (kTc/|J |, DA /|J |) planes for constant values of DB /|J |, the reduced crystal field of the sublattice with spin‐5/2, and in the (kTc/|J |, DB /|J |) planes for constant values of DA /|J |, the reduced crystal field of the sublattice with spin‐3/2. Even if the system presents both second‐ and first‐order phase transitions, their lines never connect to each other and end at critical points; thus, no tricritical points are observed. We have also found the existence of one or two compensation temperatures for appropriate values of the crystal fields, therefore observing reentrant behavior for some of the compensation lines. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoelectric emission from a finite barrier quantum well formed in a GaAs film sandwiched between (Al,Ga)As layers
Authors: Kar A. , Sinha M. , Bose C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this communication an attempt is made to estimate the photoelectric current density from a finite barrier quantum well (QW) formed in an ultrathin film of semiconductor. The variation of electron effective mass in various energy levels of the conduction band has been considered in the present estimation. For computational purposes, the QW with rectangular potential of finite barrier has been modeled by a thin film of GaAs sandwiched between barrier layers of (Al,Ga)As, and the well depth has been varied by varying the Al concentration. Results have been compared with standard established results for photoelectric emission from ultrathin films of GaAs, where the rectangular QW was assumed to be infinitely deep. The quantized nature of the photoelectric current density provides a description of energy level structures in QWs of varying widths and depths – both finite and infinite. The results indicate that to make an electron participate in the emission process, higher incident photon energy is required in case of a finite QW with respect to that of an infinite QW. An enhanced photoelectric current density is also obtained in the former case. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanopositioning of colloidal nanocrystal emitters by means of photolithography and e‐beam lithography
Authors: Martiradonna L. , Stomeo T. , Carbone L. , Morello G. , Salhi A. , De Giorgi M. , Cingolani R. , De Vittorio M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose a new technique for the localization of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) by directly exposing a polymer/NCs blend to a lithographic process. Our approach relies on the dispersion of CdSe/ZnS core/shell NCs into a layer of photo‐ or electro‐sensitive resist, which is subsequently patterned by means of photolithography or electron beam lithography (EBL), respectively. We have characterized the behaviour of both positive (polymethil‐methacrylate, PMMA) and negative (SU‐8 epoxy resin) resists as polymeric hosts for colloidal nanoemitters. The morphological and optical analysis of the processed samples showed the successful localization of the colloidal NCs. This technique enables the fabrication of two or three dimensional active photonic crystals devices or distributed feed‐back lasers based on colloidal nanocrystal emitters with sub‐micron resolution, without recurring to etching processes. Moreover, by decreasing the concentration of nanocrystals in the blend and by isolating very small regions of the layer, realization of single NC/photon emitters can be enabled. As a further advantage, the possibility to re‐align subsequent lithographic steps enables the localization of different colloidal nanoemitters with micron‐ and nanometer resolution, thus merging red, green and blue emission on the same substrate. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio modeling of electron‐phonon coupling in high‐k dielectrics
Authors: Gavartin Jacob , Shluger Alexander 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe apply density functional Born‐Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations to investigate adiabatic electron polaron in materials with high dielectric constant. In order to quantify electron‐phonon coupling, we introduce single‐particle autocorrelation and evaluate them for a polaron in the monoclinic HfO2. The analysis shows that the coupling of the conductivity electron to the atomic vibrations is strongly frequency selective with a dominant contribution from the infrared blind phonon band at –120 cm–1. Contrary to the expectation, no significant coupling to the longitudinal optical mode (∼770 cm–1) has been observed. Modelling implies the possibility of existence of self‐trapped small electron polaron trapped to a short‐range elastic rather than to a long‐range polarisation field. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrafast photoluminescence dynamics of biexcitons in a CuCl thin film grown by vacuum deposition
Authors: Nakayama M. , Wakaiki S. , Mizoguchi K. , Kim D. , Ichida H. , Kanematsu Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the ultrafast dynamics of the biexciton photoluminescence (PL) in a 500‐nm thick CuCl thin film at 10 K using an optical Kerr gating method with a time resolution of ∼1 ps. The CuCl thin film was grown by vacuum deposition. It is found that the biexciton‐PL intensity has an excitation‐power dependent rise time, which reflects the formation process of biexcitons, while its decay time is independent of the excitation power: 6.0 ps that is dominated by the transit time of the exciton polaritons travelling through the thin film. Furthermore, from the time‐resolved PL spectra of the biexciton, we have observed a peak shift as a function of time, which is connected with the heating and cooling processes of the effective temperature in the excitonic system. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Amorphous IZO TTFTs with saturation mobilities exceeding 100 cm2/Vs
Authors: Fortunato E. , Barquinha P. , Pimentel A. , Pereira L. , Gonçalves G. , Martins R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate the use of amorphous binary In2O3–ZnO oxides simultaneously as active channel layer and as source/drain regions in transparent thin film transistor (TTFT), processed at room temperature by rf sputtering. The TTFTs operate in the enhancement mode and their performances are thickness dependent. The best TTFTs exhibit saturation mobilities higher than 102 cm2/Vs, threshold voltages lower than 6 V, gate voltage swing of 0.8 V/dec and an on/off current ratio of 107. This mobility is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional amorphous silicon TFTs and comparable to or even better than other polycrystalline semiconductors. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical algorithms for polynomial plus/minus factorization
Authors: Hromčík M. , Šebek M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo new algorithms are presented in the paper for the plus/minus factorization of a scalar discrete‐time polynomial. The first method is based on the discrete Fourier transform theory (DFT) and its relationship to the Z‐transform. Involving DFT computational techniques and the famous fast Fourier transform routine brings high computational efficiency and reliability. The method is applied in the case study ofH2‐optimal inverse dynamic filter to an audio equipment. The second numerical procedure originates in a symmetric spectral factorization routine, namely the Bauer's method of the 1950s. As a by‐product, a recursiveLUfactorization procedure for Toeplitz matrices is devised that is of more general impact and can be of use in other areas of applied mathematics as well. Performance of the method is demonstrated by anl1optimal controller design example. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interior point solutions of variational problems and global inverse function theorems
Authors: Byrnes Christopher I. , Lindquist Anders 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVariational problems and the solvability of certain nonlinear equations have a long and rich history beginning with calculus and extending through the calculus of variations. In this paper, we are interested in ‘well‐connected’ pairs of such problems which are not necessarily related by critical point considerations. We also study constrained problems of the kind which arise in mathematical programming. We are also interested in interior minimizing points for the variational problem and in the well‐posedness (in the sense of Hadamard) of solvability of the related systems of equations. We first prove a general result which implies the existence of interior points and which also leads to the development of certain generalization of the Hadamard‐type global inverse function theorem, along the theme that uniqueness quite often implies existence. This result is illustrated by proving the non‐existence of shock waves for certain initial data for the vector Burgers' equation. The global inverse function theorem is also illustrated by a derivation of the existence of positive definite solutions of matrix Riccati equations without first analysing the nonlinear matrix Riccati differential equation. The main results on the existence of solutions to geometrically constrained well‐connected pairs are then presented and illustrated by a geometric analysis of the existence of interior points for linear programming problems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Rho GTPases and Rho‐GEFs in the regulation of cell shape and integrity in fission yeast
Authors: García Patricia , Tajadura Virginia , García Ignacio , Sánchez Yolanda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Rho family of GTPases are highly conserved molecular switches that control some of the most fundamental processes of cell biology, including morphogenesis, vesicular transport, cell division and motility. Guanine nucleotide‐exchange factors (GEFs) are directly responsible for the activation of Rho‐family GTPases in response to extracellular stimuli. In fission yeast, there are seven Dbl‐related GEFs and they activate six Rho‐type GTPases within a particular spatio‐temporal context. The failure to do so might have consequences reflected in aberrant phenotypes and in some cases lead to cell death. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of Rho GTPases and Rho‐GEFs in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity and cell integrity inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth arrest and chromosome instability in aneuploid yeast
Authors: Niwa Osami , Tange Yoshie , Kurabayashi Atsushi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAneuploid generation and stability are biologically important. In the present study, we investigated fission yeast aneuploids, focusing on the process through which aneuploidy is resolved into stable euploidy. The viability and growth patterns of aneuploid spores were greatly influenced by culture conditions, including nutrition and temperature. Germ tube formation and DNA synthesis in a major portion of aneuploids were greatly delayed or arrested. Observation of individual spores and their growth profiles revealed that a certain type(s) of aneuploid resolved its aneuploidy into normal euploids through anomalous cell divisions, which in many cases produced dead cells. Another type of aneuploid, disomy of chromosome 3, the only maintainable aneuploid between n and 2n, showed a peculiar cell division arrest phenotype under a certain growth condition. Microcolonies that formed from this type of aneuploid often contained a population of cells that became incompetent for cell division. This cell division arrest was not due to a nutritional limitation. During this peculiar process of colony formation, stable haploids or diploids were frequently produced. All other types of aneuploids are usually inviable, at least under our experimental conditions. To examine the aneuploid issue more systematically, we constructed a system to select for disomy of chromosome 1 or 2 using intragenic complementation of ade6‐M210 and ‐M216 alleles. This genetic selection system revealed that fission yeast aneuploids can be stabilized through structural chromosome changes, including partial duplication and circular mini‐chromosomes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of regulatory transcription factors in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and budding yeasts
Authors: Beskow Anne , Wright Anthony P. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRegulatory transcription factors (rTFs), which bind specific DNA sequences in the regulatory regions of genes and subsequently activate or repress transcription, play a central role in programming genomic expression. The number of rTFs in a species might therefore reflect its functional complexity. For simple organisms like yeast, a relatively small number of rTFs might be expected that is fairly constant between yeast species. We show that the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, contains 201 rTfs, which is one of the largest rTF numbers found in yeast species for which genome sequences are available. This is a much higher number than the 129 rTFs found in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is currently the yeast with the lowest number of rTFs. Comparative analysis of several different budding yeast species shows that most of the ‘extra’ rTFs found in S. cerevisiae were probably acquired as a result of a whole genome duplication (WGD) event that occurred in an ancestor of a subset of budding yeast species. However, we also show that budding yeast species that have not been affected by the WGD contain a greater number of rTFs than S. pombe (mean = 145). Thus, two or more mechanisms have led to the 60% increase in rTFs in S. cerevisiae compared to S. pombe. This difference may correlate with a more extensive functional divergence in budding yeasts compared to fission yeasts. The relatively small number of rTFs in S. pombe make this organism an attractive model for global studies of mechanisms that programme gene expression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.