bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bovine Colostrum and Its Management in UK Dairy Herds
Authors: Lindley George 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
At birth, the calf has a naïve immune system and is reliant upon maternal antibodies until it begins to produce its own. Gut absorption of these antibodies may be facilitated by the consumption of colostrum soon after birth, a process described as the “transfer of passive immunity”. Additional components found within colostrum, such as maternal leucocytes, microRNAs, hormones and oligosaccharides also contribute to calf health and development. These compounds stimulate intestinal epithelial cell development and the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome, which may enhance antibody absorption, inhibit pathogens and modulate immune responses. Different methods of colostrum collection, storage, handling and feeding will influence how colostrum is consumed and absorbed, and an appreciation of these factors is essential.

Information
© The Author 2024
Sound escapes any gravity well
Authors: D’Abramo Germano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The principle of mechanical energy conservation limits the height at which a body of mass m and initial total mechanical energy Ei
can get in a uniform gravitational field g, namely

h
max

=

E
i

/

m
g

. However, the same conservation principle does not pose any limit to the height reachable by a sound wave in a vertical column of (ideal) fluid in the same uniform gravitational field. Here, we provide two accessible proofs of a counter-intuitive result that can represent an amusing digression from the usual presentation of the topic.
Recent advances in anodically fabricated amorphous TiO2 nanotubes crystallization techniques and their applications
Authors: Garlapally Raghavendra , MP Niharika , Rao B Manmadha , Venkateswarlu B , Neella Nagarjuna , Manjunatha C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present summarized study focused on Anodically fabricated TiO2 nanotubes array shows an exceptional physical and chemical properties due to their high surface area as well as thickness near to nano scale regimes. Crystallization of an amorphous TiO2 nanotube plays an important role when it comes to applications point of view. Studies revealed that a change in the annealing process resulted in an enhancement in their structure and properties. In this review, we mainly focus on various annealing techniques, their advantages and drawbacks over the other methods. Additionally, we have reported the effect of morphology and crystal structure of different annealed anodically grown TiO2 nanotubes. Therefore, the anodized TiO2 nanotubes array review will not only have applications in water splitting, hydrogen generation, solar cells but also a suitable potential candidate in the immense applications as micro/nano needles for drug delivery in biomedical as well as different electronic device/sensing approaches in aerospace sectors as well.
Precise control of hole transport layer integration on PDTS-DTTFBT: PC71BM organic solar cells
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Haider Mustafa , Li Hengyue , Yang Junliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Efforts to enhance the commercial viability of organic solar cells (OSCs) prioritize high power conversion efficiency(PCE). This study proposes precision tuning of the photoactive layer thickness in the nanoscale as an innovative method to boost efficiency. Utilizing PDTS-DTTFBT: PC71BM, an organic blend, as the active layer aims to capture a broad photon range while addressing optical losses due to low-energy photons rather than mere absorption. The study integrates PEDOT: PSS and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) as hole transport layers, alongside C60, PC60BM, and ZnO electron transport layers. Meticulous analysis of their photon absorption, reflectance, charge carrier generation, and localized energy variance emphasizes their impact on the efficiency of PDTS-DTFFBT: PC71BM active films. Notably, incorporating MoO3 as the hole transport layer significantly mitigated losses and altered localized energy, culminating in an impressive 17.69% efficiency at an optimized blend thickness of 120 nm. Augmenting blend thickness directly boosts PCE and current density until reaching optimal thickness, while diminishing fill factor, with minimal effect on open-circuit voltage. These results highlight the efficacy of this methodology in enhancing the performance of organic solar cells.
Initiation mechanism of arcing generated in RF capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Cho Chulhee , Kim Sijun , Choi Minsu , Lee Youngseok , Seong Inho , Jeong Wonnyoung , Lee Jangjae , Kim Daewoong , Park Sanghoo , You Shin-jae 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In our previous study, we established an arcing generation and measurement system and we observed prior light emission before arcing current development. However, we briefly analyzed those light emissions with strong assumptions without detailed experiment evaluations and thus, the investigation of the formation mechanism in the initiation phase with detailed experiment evaluations has yet to be conducted. In this work, we investigated the initiation mechanism of arcing generated on an arcing inducing probe (AIP) in a radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) environment. Here, the AIP is an aluminum rod covered by anodized film and its tip edge is partially stripped to localize arcing on this edge. We measured emission light, voltage, and current waveforms induced by arcing. The spatiotemporal image of the emission light revealed that the tip glow is the brightest intensity and has longest lifetime during arcing, meaning that it is the primary process in whole arcing process. The current waveform induced by arcing corresponds to the time evolution of the tip glow and estimations revealed that the electron emission is the predominant component of the current formation. Furthermore, snapshot images with AIPs having enlarged stripping area exhibited that arcing occurs at the boundary between the alnuminum and anodized film (dielectric), where charging of ions from the CCP on the film surface can induce high-electric field. In addition, we found that the energy relaxation length of emitted electrons for collisions with Ar atoms, which are the background gas, is much larger than the tip glow diameter, meaning that the electon-Ar collision cannot maintain tip glow. This result supports additional source of atoms to sustain the tip glow such as the surface evaporation from arcing spot, of which evidence was speculated our previous study. We estimated minimum aluminum vapor density and surface temperature, which is sufficiently high enough to induce surface vaporization. Combining those experiment results and estimations, that are electron emission, high surface temperature, and surface evaporation, we can speculate that the initiation mechanism of arcing near dielectric surface in radio-frequency CCP environment is the thermionic emission and surface evaporation from arcing spot.
Is natural inflation in agreement with CMB data?
Authors: dos Santos F.B.M. , Rodrigues G. , Rodrigues J.G. , de Souza R. , Alcaniz J.S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Natural inflation is a well-motivated model for the early universe in which an inflaton potential of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone form, V(ϕ) = Λ4[1 + cos(ϕ/f)], can naturally drive a cosmic accelerated epoch. This paper investigates the observational viability of the minimally and non-minimally coupled natural inflation scenarios in light of current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations. We find that a small and negative coupling of the field with gravity can alleviate the well-known observational discrepancies of the minimally coupled model. We perform a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the Planck 2018 CMB and BICEP/Keck Array B-mode polarization data to estimate how strong the coupling ξ should be to achieve concordance with data. We also briefly discuss the impact of these results on the physical interpretation of the natural inflation scenario.
Milky Way white dwarfs as sub-GeV to multi-TeV dark matter detectors
Authors: Acevedo Javier F. , Leane Rebecca K. , Santos-Olmsted Lillian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We show that Milky Way white dwarfs are excellent targets for dark matter (DM)
detection. Using Fermi and H.E.S.S. Galactic center gamma-ray data, we investigate sensitivity to
DM annihilating within white dwarfs into long-lived or boosted mediators and producing detectable
gamma rays. Depending on the Galactic DM distribution, we set new constraints on the
spin-independent scattering cross section down to 10-45-10-41 cm2 in the sub-GeV DM
mass range, which is multiple orders of magnitude stronger than existing limits. For a generalized
NFW DM profile, we find that our white dwarf constraints exceed spin-independent direct detection
limits across most of the sub-GeV to multi-TeV DM mass range, achieving sensitivities as low as
about 10-46 cm2. In addition, we improve earlier versions of the DM capture calculation in
white dwarfs, by including the low-temperature distribution of nuclei when the white dwarf
approaches crystallization. This yields smaller capture rates than previously calculated by a
factor of a few up to two orders of magnitude, depending on white dwarf size and the
astrophysical system.
Single-particle spectroscopies of p-wave and d-wave interacting Bose gases in normal phase
Authors: Wang Zeqing , Qi Ran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Motivated by experiments with interacting quantum gases across high partial wave resonance, we investigate the thermodynamic properties and single-particle spectra of Bose gases in normal phase for different interaction strengths for both p- and d-wave interactions. The equation of state, contact density, momentum distributions and self-energies of single-particle Green’s functions are obtained in the spirit of ladder diagram approximations. The radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, as an important experimental approach for detecting Feshbach molecules or the interaction effect, is calculated at different temperatures. A reversed temperature dependence on the Bose–Einstein condensation side and Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer side is identified for both p- and d-wave interactions. An estimate for the signal of RF spectra under typical experimental conditions is also provided.
High-repetition-frequency, high-energy mid-wave infrared ZnGeP2 MOPA system
Authors: Fan Yuqing , Qian Chuanpeng , Liu Jing , Sun Jiaxin , Yu Ting , Shi Xiangchun , Ye Xisheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A high-repetition-frequency and high-energy ZnGeP2 master oscillator power amplifier (ZGP-MOPA) system was demonstrated. The pump source was a 2097 nm Ho:YAG laser with maximum average power of about 140 W and repetition frequency of 2 kHz. Using this pump source, the ZGP-MOPA system obtained a mid-wave infrared laser with a maximum average power of 58.9 W and pulse width of 20.1 ns, corresponding to the pulse energy and peak power of 29.5 mJ and 1.5 MW. By adjusting the divergence of seed source to match the divergence of pump source, the beam quality factor M
2 of the ZGP-OPA was 3.9 × 3.7 (horizontal directions × vertical directions), the M
2 of the signal was 2.7, and the M
2 of the idler was 2.8. The corresponding maximum average power and pulse energy were 53.3 W and 26.7 mJ.
Characterization of SOL profiles and turbulence in ICRF-heated plasmas in EAST
Authors: Li You , Yan Ning , Xu Guosheng , Liu Shaocheng , Zhou Hua , Yang Hua , Gao Binfu , Zhou Ziqiang , Li Nami , Yang Qingquan , Li Miaohui , Wang Yifeng , Lin Xin , Tang Panjun , Zhang Yufei , Wang Nannan ,   the EAST Team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles and turbulence in ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF)-heated plasmas are investigated by the reciprocating probe diagnostic system (FRPs) and gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic in EAST. A radio-frequency (RF) sheath potential reaching up to 100 V is identified proximate to the ICRF antennas. Notably, the amplitude of this RF sheath potential escalates in response to rising ICRF power and inversely with plasma density. When a RF sheath is present in the far SOL, a pronounced density ‘shoulder’ forms in front of the ICRF antennas, while the ‘shoulder’ fade away as the antenna and associated RF sheath shift outwards. A strong E
r shear is revealed by measurements from both FRPs and GPI. Analysis of the poloidal wave number-frequency spectrum reveals suppression of high-frequency turbulence in the far SOL due to the RF sheath. This effect is manifested in the reduced autocorrelation time τ
c and reduced average blob size δ
blob of the SOL plasma. Intriguingly, the poloidal propagation direction of the low-frequency turbulence reverses from the electron to the ion diamagnetic drift direction at the RF sheath location. A surge of tungsten impurity is potentially attributed to the heightened interaction between the SOL plasmas and the wall material. Shifting the ICRF antennas outward, to alleviate heat spots, results in the relocation of the RF sheath to the shaded region of the main limiter. This shift amplifies the radial velocity of blobs in the far SOL and concurrently diminishes the SOL density when compared to conditions without ICRF injection. The properties of ion saturation current fluctuations are consistent with the stochastic model predictions.
Research on fully automatic analysis methods for hydrogen energy
Authors: Tang Feng , Dang Xiaojing , Zhu Lei , Zhu Jin , Sun Chao , Yu Guang , Fang Hua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An ion chromatograph equipped with an anion exchange column was used to study the analytical methods for total halides and formic acid in hydrogen fuel. An automatic sampling method was established and compared with the manual injection method. A good linear relationship was observed between the peak area and concentration (r2 = 0.999), with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3% and a detection limit of the instrument at 0.01 mg/L. The experimental results indicate that this method has excellent repeatability and high sensitivity, enabling fully automatic analysis of total halides and formic acid content in hydrogen energy. This provides a fully automatic online analysis solution for the quality of hydrogen energy in the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors.
Research and application of SiC _ MOSFETs in DC-DC circuit of new energy electric vehicle
Authors: Wang Weinuo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous optimization and improvement of power devices, various types of devices such as SiC _ MOSFETs, IGBTs, and Si _ MOSFETs have emerged in the market. Although the datasheets for these devices provide detailed descriptions of their device structures and electrical characteristics, there is a relative scarcity of specific application scenarios and corresponding simulation experimental data. This paper aims to comprehensively review recent research on the device structures and electrical characteristics of SiC _ MOSFETs, IGBTs, and Si _ MOSFETs. Additionally, we intend to conduct a systematic classification and comparative analysis to evaluate their performance in practical circuit applications. Furthermore, we have utilized MATLAB and Simulink to construct a representative simulation model of a DC-DC Buck-Boost circuit for new energy electric vehicles. Common SiC _ MOSFETs, IGBTs, and Si _ MOSFETs available in the market have been selected, and their parameters have been configured to match those in the simulation circuit. This approach enables us to explore the performance of these components in real-world circuit applications. Subsequently, the performance of these simulated circuits has been rigorously examined in practical scenarios. This comprehensive analysis provides a deeper understanding of the advantages of SiC _ MOSFETs compared to the other two devices and their potential contribution to the future development of electric vehicle technology. We anticipate that this research will drive advancements in electric vehicle technology and contribute to the realization of sustainable mobility.
Optimal scheduling method of low-carbon energy supply chain based on machine learning and game theory
Authors: Yan Hongli , Zhang Dandan , Wang Tingting , Yan Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the quality and stability of a low-carbon new energy supply chain, this paper puts forward an optimal scheduling method for a low-carbon energy supply chain based on machine learning and game theory. By establishing an index and preprocessing keywords, the similarity between the index and the data in the platform database is calculated, and the data-sharing result of the low-carbon energy supply chain is obtained. This paper analyzes the game benefits of each subject in the optimization of the low-carbon energy supply chain, obtains the game matrix, and realizes the optimal scheduling of the low-carbon energy supply chain. The experimental results show that the scheduling convergence error of the low-carbon energy supply chain is low, the accuracy is high, and the load supply equipment can run stably.
Numerical study on smoke temperature and exhaust efficiency in electric cable tunnel
Authors: Guo Dapeng , Wang Jinshuang , Li Shangguo , Shi Chenjie , Zhou Yi , Li Peizhe , An Xu , Xiong Yiduo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cable tunnels are the lifeline of cities. Once a serious fire occurs on cables, the toxic smoke generated by cable combustion spreads and escapes, causing serious harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. The heat generated can also ignite nearby combustibles, causing casualties and property damage. Based on the above issues, using fluid dynamics methods, fire dynamic simulation was used to simulate cable tunnel fire scenarios under four variables: wind speed, fire source power, smoke outlet height, and smoke exhaust airflow. The temperature distribution law of the ceiling smoke layer inside the cable tunnel, smoke generation law, tunnel smoke exhaust efficiency, and other factors were clarified, revealing the impact mechanism of the above factors on tunnel fire smoke exhaust efficiency and smoke performance improvement methods. The research results indicate that the combination mode of exhaust air volume and ventilation air speed can effectively control tunnel fire smoke, providing a reference for the fire prevention design of cables in urban cable tunnels.
Capacity optimization allocation method of photovoltaic-temperature difference-hydrogen-storage hybrid micro-energy system based on SAO algorithm
Authors: Pi Linlin , Tian Liguo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The capacity optimization allocation of hybrid micro-energy systems is an important link in micro-energy systems, which can effectively improve the reliability and economy of the power grid. In this paper, the capacity optimization allocation method of a photovoltaic-temperature difference-hydrogen-storage hybrid micro-energy system is studied. First, a capacity optimization configuration model based on photovoltaic, temperature difference, and hydrogen storage hybrid micro-energy system was established to maximize revenue. Then, the SAO algorithm is used to optimize its strategy. When the strategy does not change, it indicates that the income has been maximized. Finally, concerning the snow ablation mechanism, it can balance development and exploration well and can optimize the global optimal solution even in a more complex environment. The proposed method can ensure the reliability under premise of relatively low cost, and effectively improve the rationality of the power grid capacity allocation method in the photovoltaic thermal power generation scenario.
Influence of distributed generation on fault characteristics and relay protection of rural distribution network
Authors: Liu Bo , Liang Weichen , Wang Yajuan , Zhao Zhiyu , Tian Qi , Li Xuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
High proportion distributed generation affect traditional rural distribution network. In the paper, a typical line model of rural distribution network with high proportion distributed generation was constructed, and the current and voltage characteristics of rural distribution network after fault were analyzed. At the same time, the compound voltage blocking element and autoreclosure strategy of current protection of rural distribution network were analyzed. The results showed that the short circuit current at the protection location was lower than that without distributed generation, and the voltage of the whole line after the fault was higher than that without distributed generation. In addition, if the autoreclosure strategy of the circuit breaker at the head of the line adopts the non-voltage detection mode, it may cause failure of the breaker reclosing.
Analysis of the performance of mixed refrigerant chillers based on the impact of exergy glide temperature matching coefficient
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Wen Xiantai , Li Jijing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A glide temperature matching model based on the exergy matching coefficient was established for the phase change heat transfer process of non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants. The exergy loss rate of the temperature difference and the exergy loss rate of the glide temperature in the condenser and evaporator were analyzed, and the temperature matching coefficient of mixed refrigerants parameter πglide was derived to indicate mixed refrigerants with large refrigeration capacity. The model was experimentally verified by the performance of three types of mixed refrigerants in chillers. The results show that the higher the glide temperature, the bigger the condenser πglide of the mixed refrigerants and the worse the temperature-matching effect. The smaller the πglide of the evaporator, the better the temperature-matching effect, and at the same time, the greater the cooling capacity. This model can be used for predicting the different component mixtures of working fluids.
Feasibility analysis of dynamic improvement of current carrying capacity of overhead lines
Authors: Sun Zezhong , Tan Ben , Gong Liang , Qin Song , Yue Yishi , Wang Feng , Liao Zhenyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The demand for electricity in China has been increasing year by year. However, the construction of transmission lines is costly and has significant composite short-term peak characteristics. This article aims to study the feasibility of improving the conductor’s current capacity, analyze data characteristics of typical conductor states and micrometeorological data, figure out the real-time conductor’s current capacity based on the calculation model, analyze the margin for improving the CCC, and lift the power supply potential.
Research on optimization of multi-energy coupling source-network-load-storage based on micro energy network
Authors: Han Xiaodi , Ren Juan , Zhan Lei , Yang Jinshuang , Huang Ping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on the architecture of the micro energy network system, a “source network load storage” multi-energy coupling hub system for regional energy internet with electricity gas interconnection is proposed. The lowest operating is set as the optimization goal for the operation of the regional energy internet. A dynamic economic scheduling model for regional energy interconnection based on the sky and an optimization scheduling model for regional energy internet are established. A mixed integer linear programming program based on Matlab is written and solved using CPLex. The results show the operation of the “source grid load storage” regional energy internet with multiple energy coupling hubs as the core is lower than that of traditional micro-grids When adding an energy storage system, the daily operating of the micro-grid system is 16.7% less than that of Control Scenario 1 and 14.3% less than that of Control Scenario 2 The proposal of a regional energy internet “source network load storage” multi-energy coupling hub system based on the micro energy network system architecture provides a feasible basis for the planning and construction research of the regional energy internet.