bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Molybdopterin Oxidoreductase Is Involved in H
2
Oxidation in
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
G20
Authors: Li Xiangzhen , Luo Qingwei , Wofford Neil Q. , Keller Kimberly L. , McInerney Michael J. , Wall Judy D. , Krumholz Lee R. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Three mutants deficient in hydrogen/formate uptake were obtained through screening of a transposon mutant library containing 5,760 mutants of
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
G20. Mutations were in the genes encoding the type I tetraheme cytochrome
c
3
(
cycA
), Fe hydrogenase (
hydB
), and molybdopterin oxidoreductase (
mopB
). Mutations did not decrease the ability of cells to produce H
2
or formate during growth. Complementation of the
cycA
and
mopB
mutants with a plasmid carrying the intact
cycA
and/or
mopB
gene and the putative promoter from the parental strain allowed the recovery of H
2
uptake ability, showing that these specific genes are involved in H
2
oxidation. The
mop
operon encodes a periplasm-facing transmembrane protein complex which may shuttle electrons from periplasmic cytochrome
c
3
to the menaquinone pool. Electrons can then be used for sulfate reduction in the cytoplasm.
"The Chambers of the Dead and the Gates of Darkness": A Glimmer of Political Criticism in Strabo's Geography (Strabo 14.5.4, 670 C, ll. 22-3, ed. Radt)
Authors: Pothecary Sarah 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe prosecution of Caepio and Murena was a politically unpopular event from the early years of Augustus' reign. Strabo refers to the matter using a 'quoted quote' from Euripides. I look at possible conclusions to be drawn from Strabo's indirect way of handling his subject matter. I review the evidence for the date of the prosecution of Caepio and Murena. A bitter scholarly debate has led to the rejection of an early 23 BCE date. This legitimate rejection has resulted in a reaction against any date in 23 BCE. I suggest a date late in 23 BCE. A late 23 BCE date has implications for the trial of Primus, which immediately preceded Murena's own trial. I trace a possible connection between Murena's defence of Primus and his own subsequent prosecution for conspiracy. Whatever lay behind Murena's prosecution and death, his treatment shocked contemporaries so much that even the normally pro-Augustan Strabo feels compelled to register his criticism, albeit in an indirect way.
Figures of Inquiry in Herodotus's Inquiries
Authors: Demont Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe picture of inquiry that emerges from a study of the multiple inquirers that Herodotus describes is more varied than the usual picture of the Herodotean inquiry. This paper examines which of Herodotus's characters undertake inquiries and describes some noteworthy methods used in these embedded inquiries: trap interviews, cross-checking of information, written or oral testimonies, external observers, prior validation by the informant, religious procedures, hypothesis, banquets and contests, and last-minute modification of prior conclusions. The inquiry itself sometimes turns into a marvellous achievement. The reader's participation often implies, through the mise en abîme between the reported inquiry and the Herodotean inquiry, that one is oneself, as a man, the object of the inquiry.
Le monde romain dans les lettres de Pline le Jeune: espace et valeurs
Authors: Méthy Nicole 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this article the geographical allusions are considered which the reader can find in Pliny's letters, with special reference to those containing the writer's appreciation. They suggest a mental representation of the contemporary Roman world. The ancient ciceronian distinction between parua patria and magna patria still remains valid. But Pliny is conscious of belonging to a much larger territory that is neither his native land of northern Italy nor the city of Rome, in which he had his political career: the Roman empire. However, in Pliny's mind this empire is not a completely united one. It is divided into a Roman or occidental and a Greek or oriental half. This distinction is both geographical and moral. Each part is associated with ethical notions, which are for the former part positive ones, for the latter part negative ones. Even if he is periodically aspiring to reject even his Roman roots or links, in order to find an ideal place for intellectual work, Pliny only feels himself as belonging to the western part, which can no longer be only Rome, because of its moral decline, but also includes the most ancient provinces.
Enhanced expression of p210BCR/ABL and aberrant expression of Zfp423/ZNF423 induce blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuko , Yamasaki Norimasa , Oda Hideaki , Kuwata Takeshi , Kanno Yohei , Miyazaki Masaki , Komeno Yukiko , Kitaura Jiro , Honda Zen-ichiro , Warming Søren , Jenkins Nancy A. , Copeland Neal G. , Kitamura Toshio , Nakamura Takuro , Honda Hiroaki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic disorder originating from p210BCR/ABL-transformed stem cells, which begins as indolent chronic phase (CP) but progresses into fatal blast crisis (BC). To investigate molecular mechanism(s) underlying disease evolution, CML-exhibiting p210BCR/ABL transgenic mice were crossed with BXH2 mice that transmit a replication-competent retrovirus. Whereas nontransgenic mice in the BXH2 background exclusively developed acute myeloid leukemia, p210BCR/ABL transgenic littermates developed nonmyeloid leukemias, in which inverse polymerase chain reaction detected 2 common viral integration sites (CISs). Interestingly, one CIS was transgene's own promoter, which up-regulated p210BCR/ABL expression. The other was the 5′ noncoding region of a transcription factor, Zfp423, which induced aberrant Zfp423 expression. The cooperative activities of Zfp423 and p210BCR/ABL were demonstrated as follows: (1) introduction of Zfp423 in p210BCR/ABL transgenic bone marrow (BM) cells increased colony-forming ability, (2) suppression of ZNF423 (human homologue of Zfp423) in ZNF423-expressing, p210BCR/ABL-positive hematopoietic cells retarded cell growth, (3) mice that received a transplant of BM cells transduced with Zfp423 and p210BCR/ABL developed acute leukemia, and (4) expression of ZNF423 was found in human BCR/ABL-positive cell lines and CML BC samples. These results demonstrate that enhanced expression of p210BCR/ABL and deregulated expression of Zfp423/ZNF423 contribute to CML BC.
Malignant mesothelioma after radiation treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: De Bruin Marie L. , Burgers Jacobus A. , Baas Paul , van 't Veer Mars B. , Noordijk Evert M. , Louwman Marieke W. J. , Zijlstra Josée M. , van den Berg Hendrik , Aleman Berthe M. P. , van Leeuwen Flora E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a relatively uncommon malignancy. Although the pathogenesis is primarily related to asbestos, the disease may be associated with radiation exposure. Recently, increased risks for second primary mesothelioma after radiation for lymphoma have been reported. Because these findings are based on small numbers of patients, they need to be confirmed. We examined mesothelioma risk in 2567 5-year survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma. The risk was almost 30-fold increased in Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with irradiation compared with the general population. Although histology and survival of the mesothelioma cases were comparable with cases from the general population, asbestos exposure and the proportion of males were lower than expected. The evidence for radiotherapy as cause for mesothelioma independent of exposure to asbestos is expanding, and the diagnosis of mesothelioma should be kept in mind whenever related symptoms arise in patients who had previous irradiation.
Pravastatin prevents miscarriages in mice: role of tissue factor in placental and fetal injury
Authors: Redecha Patricia , van Rooijen Nico , Torry Donald , Girardi Guillermina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPregnancy loss and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are serious pregnancy complications, and the triggers and mediators of placental and fetal damage are not completely understood. Using a mouse model of recurrent spontaneous miscarriages (DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice) that shares features with human recurrent miscarriage and fetal growth restriction, we identified tissue factor (TF) as an essential participating factor in placental and fetal injury. We have previously shown that C5a releases antiangiogenic molecule sFlt-1 in monocytes that causes defective placental development and fetal death in DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice. In this study, we found that TF not only activates the coagulation pathway, but it also mediates sFlt-1 release in monocytes causing defective placental development and fetal death. Blockade of TF with a monoclonal antibody inhibited sFlt-1 release, prevented the pathological activation of the coagulation pathway, restored placental blood flow, prevented placental oxidative stress, and rescued pregnancies. We also demonstrated that pravastatin, by down-regulating TF expression on monocytes and trophoblasts, prevented placental damage and protected pregnancies in DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice. These studies indicate that TF is an important mediator in fetal death and growth restriction and that statins may be a good treatment for women with recurrent miscarriages and IUGR.
Phylogenetic diversity of stress signalling pathways in fungi
Authors: Nikolaou Elissavet , Agrafioti Ino , Stumpf Michael , Quinn Janet , Stansfield Ian , Brown Alistair JP 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Background
Microbes must sense environmental stresses, transduce these signals and mount protective responses to survive in hostile environments. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that fungal stress signalling pathways have evolved rapidly in a niche-specific fashion that is independent of phylogeny. To test this hypothesis we have compared the conservation of stress signalling molecules in diverse fungal species with their stress resistance. These fungi, which include ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and microsporidia, occupy highly divergent niches from saline environments to plant or mammalian hosts.

Results
The fungi displayed significant variation in their resistance to osmotic (NaCl and sorbitol), oxidative (H2O2 and menadione) and cell wall stresses (Calcofluor White and Congo Red). There was no strict correlation between fungal phylogeny and stress resistance. Rather, the human pathogens tended to be more resistant to all three types of stress, an exception being the sensitivity of Candida albicans to the cell wall stress, Calcofluor White. In contrast, the plant pathogens were relatively sensitive to oxidative stress. The degree of conservation of osmotic, oxidative and cell wall stress signalling pathways amongst the eighteen fungal species was examined. Putative orthologues of functionally defined signalling components in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified by performing reciprocal BLASTP searches, and the percent amino acid identities of these orthologues recorded. This revealed that in general, central components of the osmotic, oxidative and cell wall stress signalling pathways are relatively well conserved, whereas the sensors lying upstream and transcriptional regulators lying downstream of these modules have diverged significantly. There was no obvious correlation between the degree of conservation of stress signalling pathways and the resistance of a particular fungus to the corresponding stress.

Conclusion
Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that fungal stress signalling components have undergone rapid recent evolution to tune the stress responses in a niche-specific fashion.
Ultraspecific probes for high throughput HLA typing
Authors: Feng Chen , Putonti Catherine , Zhang Meizhuo , Eggers Rick , Mitra Rahul , Hogan Mike , Jayaraman Krishna , Fofanov Yuriy 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Background
The variations within an individual's HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes have been linked to many immunological events, e.g. susceptibility to disease, response to vaccines, and the success of blood, tissue, and organ transplants. Although the microarray format has the potential to achieve high-resolution typing, this has yet to be attained due to inefficiencies of current probe design strategies.

Results
We present a novel three-step approach for the design of high-throughput microarray assays for HLA typing. This approach first selects sequences containing the SNPs present in all alleles of the locus of interest and next calculates the number of base changes necessary to convert a candidate probe sequences to the closest subsequence within the set of sequences that are likely to be present in the sample including the remainder of the human genome in order to identify those candidate probes which are "ultraspecific" for the allele of interest. Due to the high specificity of these sequences, it is possible that preliminary steps such as PCR amplification are no longer necessary. Lastly, the minimum number of these ultraspecific probes is selected such that the highest resolution typing can be achieved for the minimal cost of production. As an example, an array was designed and in silico results were obtained for typing of the HLA-B locus.

Conclusion
The assay presented here provides a higher resolution than has previously been developed and includes more alleles than previously considered. Based upon the in silico and preliminary experimental results, we believe that the proposed approach can be readily applied to any highly polymorphic gene system.
Orodental phenotype and genotype findings in all subtypes of hypophosphatasia
Authors: Reibel Amélie , Manière Marie-Cécile , Clauss François , Droz Dominique , Alembik Yves , Mornet Etienne , Bloch-Zupan Agnès 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundHypophosphatasia (HP) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of defects in mineralized tissues and caused by deficiency in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPL). The symptoms are highly variable in their clinical expression, and relate to numerous mutations in this gene. The first clinical sign of the disease is often a premature loss of deciduous teeth, mostly in the moderate forms.AimThe purpose of this study was to document the oral features of HP patients and to relate theses features to the six recognized forms of HP in 5 patients with known genotype and to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlations.MethodsClinical and radiographic examinations were carried out. We collected medical and dental history in the kindred and biochemical data. Finally, mutations in theALPLgene were tested by DNA sequencing in SESEP laboratory.ResultsWe have for the first time related the known dental anomalies which occur as integral features of HP to the recognized clinical forms of HP. We also pointed out striking dental abnormalities which were never described in association with this rare disease. Accurate genotype-phenotype severity correlations were observed.ConclusionThis work allowed us to compare orodental manifestations in all the clinical forms of HP within the patient's sample. According to the severity of the disorder, some dental defects were infrequent, while other were always present. The long term prognosis of the permanent teeth varies from a patient to another. As premature loss of primary teeth is often the first, and sometimes the only visible symptom of the milder forms, the paediatric dentist plays a critical role in the detection and diagnosis of the disease.
Reduced IgG anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with positive IgM anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies
Authors: Palafox Sánchez Claudia Azucena , Satoh Minoru , Chan Edward KL , Carcamo Wendy C , Muñoz Valle José Francisco , Orozco Barocio Gerardo , Oregon Romero Edith , Navarro Hernández Rosa Elena , Salazar Páramo Mario , Cabral Castañeda Antonio , Vázquez del Mercado Mónica 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by production of autoantibodies to RNA or DNA–protein complexes such as small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). A role of Epstein–Barr virus in the pathogenesis has been suggested. Similar to Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects the majority of individuals at a young age and establishes latency with a potential for reactivation. Homology of CMV glycoprotein B (UL55) with the U1snRNP-70 kDa protein (U1–70 k) has been described; however, the role of CMV infection in production of anti-snRNPs is controversial. We investigated the association of CMV serology and autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods
Sixty-one Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were tested for CMV and Epstein–Barr virus serology (viral capsid antigen, IgG, IgM) and autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation and ELISA (IgG and IgM class, U1RNP/Sm, U1–70 k, P peptide, rheumatoid factor, dsDNA, β2-glycoprotein I).

Results
IgG anti-CMV and IgM anti-CMV were positive in 95% (58/61) and 33% (20/61), respectively, and two cases were negative for both. Clinical manifestation and autoantibodies in the IgM anti-CMV(+) group (n = 20) versus the IgM anti-CMV(-)IgG (+) (n = 39) group were compared. Most (19/20) of the IgM anti-CMV(+) cases were IgG anti-CMV(+), consistent with reactivation or reinfection. IgM anti-CMV was unrelated to rheumatoid factor or IgM class autoantibodies and none was positive for IgM anti-Epstein–Barr virus–viral capsid antigen, indicating that this is not simply due to false positive results caused by rheumatoid factor or nonspecific binding by certain IgM. The IgM anti-CMV(+) group has significantly lower levels of IgG anti-U1RNP/Sm and IgG anti-U1–70 k (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0046, respectively). This finding was also confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Among the IgM anti-CMV(-) subset, anti-Su was associated with anti-U1RNP and anti-Ro (P < 0.05). High levels of IgG anti-CMV were associated with production of lupus-related autoantibodies to RNA or DNA–protein complex (P = 0.0077).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a potential role of CMV in regulation of autoantibodies to snRNPs and may provide a unique insight to understand the pathogenesis.
Diagnostic value of anti-topoisomerase I antibodies in a large monocentric cohort
Authors: Hanke Katharina , Dähnrich Cornelia , Brückner Claudia S , Huscher Dörte , Becker Mike , Jansen Anthonina , Meyer Wolfgang , Egerer Karl , Hiepe Falk , Burmester Gerd R , Schlumberger Wolfgang , Riemekasten Gabriela 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Introduction
In the present study, the detection of anti-topoisomerase I (anti-topo I) autoantibodies was evaluated for diagnosis and risk assessment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients in a well characterized large monocentric cohort.

Methods
Sera from patients with SSc (diffuse n = 96, limited n = 113), from patients with overlap syndromes (n = 51), from patients with other diseases associated with SSc (n = 20), as well as from disease controls (n = 487) were analysed for the presence of anti-topo I antibodies by line immunoblot assay and ELISA. Assessment of organ manifestations was performed as proposed by the European Scleroderma Trial and Research network.

Results
The applied test systems for the detection of anti-topo I antibodies revealed a diagnostic sensitivity for SSc of approximately 24% and a diagnostic specificity of at least 99.6%. The sensitivity to identify patients with diffuse SSc amounted to 60%. Patients with anti-topo I antibodies showed a higher burden of skin and lung fibrosis, contractures, electrocardiogram changes, as well as digital ulcers and had more active disease than antibody-negative patients. Signal strengths correlated only weakly with disease activity, with modified Rodnan skin score, with predicted forced vital capacity, and with predicted diffusion capacity levels (P = 0.01, ρ = 0.234, ρ = 0.413, ρ = -0.215, ρ = -0.219). High signal intensities were associated with an increased mortality in diffuse SSc patients (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Diagnosis and risk assessment of SSc patients can be supported by the detection of anti-topo I antibodies. Signal intensities as obtained by line immunoblot assay or ELISA can be used as a surrogate marker for fibrosis, active disease and worse prognosis.
An overview of technologies and costs of carbon dioxide capture in power generation
Authors: Davison J , Thambimuthu K 
Published: February 2009

There is growing concern about climate change resulting from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Several techniques including efficiency improvements and increased use of renewable energy sources will be needed to limit emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Another technique that can help to reduce emissions substantially is capture and storage of CO2 (CCS). This article will describe the main technologies that can be used to capture CO2 from coal- and gas-fired power plants, including postcombustion capture, precombustion capture, and oxy-combustion. The current status of these technologies, their performance and costs, and possible future developments will be reviewed. The article considers changes in CO2 capture technologies, fuel costs, and plant construction costs that have occurred since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on CCS was written. The article will draw on work carried out by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme and other leading organizations working in this field. The analysis concentrates on coal-based gasification combined cycle power plants with precombustion capture and pulverized coal combustion plant with postcombustion capture.
Friction and lubricant film thickness measurements on simulated synovial fluids
Authors: Mavraki A , Cann P M 
Published: February 2009

This article is part of a research programme to study fundamental aspects of synovial fluid lubrication of artificial hip joints and focuses on the role of proteins (albumin and γ-globulin) in film formation. Friction and film thickness measurements have been carried out on a series of simple protein solutions (simulating synovial fluid SF) and bovine serum (BS). Protein solutions were prepared with different buffer solutions to simulate healthy and periprosthetic SFs. Simple bench-top tests using a ball-on-disc geometry were used to simulate hip joint articulation. All measurements were made under steady-state load and speed (5—50 mm/s) conditions. The friction results showed that BS and simple protein solutions demonstrate boundary properties by reducing friction in the slow-speed regime. The film thickness results with BS provide evidence of the formation of an adsorbed solid surface layer (<20 nm), which is augmented by a thicker hydrodynamic film. Film thickness was fairly constant over the speed range, but tended to decrease with increasing speed. The choice of buffer solution affected the lubrication properties; much thicker films were recorded for the phosphate-buffered saline compared to 2-amino- 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol protein solutions. The friction and film thickness results were time and/or rubbing distance dependent, suggesting that the formation of the deposited film was pressure/friction related.