bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of real-time telescreening for retinopathy of prematurity using videoconferencing in a community setting in Eastern India
Authors: Padhi Tapas R , Bhunia Souvik , Das Taraprasad , Nayak Sameer , Jalan Manav , Rath Suryasnata , Barik Biswajeet , Ali Hasnat , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Routray Dipanwita , Jalali Subhadra 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of a real-time retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) telescreening strategy using videoconferencing in a community setting in India.

Method:
In a prospective study, trained allied ophthalmic personnel obtained the fundus images in the presence of the parents and local childcare providers. Analysis of images and parental counseling were done in real time by an ROP specialist located at a tertiary center using videoconferencing software. A subset of babies was also examined using bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy by an ROP care-trained ophthalmologist. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and correlation coefficient.

Results:
Over 9 months, we examined 576 babies (1152 eyes) in six rural districts of India. The parents accepted the model as they recognized that a remotely located specialist was evaluating all images in real time. The strategy saved the travel time for ROP specialists by 477 h (47.7 working days) and for parents (47,406 h or 1975.25 days), along with the associated travel cost. In a subgroup analysis (100 babies, 200 eyes), the technology had a high sensitivity (97.2%) and negative predictivity value (92.7%). It showed substantial agreement (k = 0.708) with the bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy by ROP specialists with respect to the detection of treatment warranting ROP. Also, the strategy helped train the participants.

Conclusion:
Real-time ROP telescreening using videoconferencing is sensitive enough to detect treatment warranting ROPs and saves skilled workforce and time. The real-time audiovisual connection allows optimal supervision of imaging, provides excellent training opportunities, and connects ophthalmologists directly with the parents.
Outcomes of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and panretinal photocoagulation in preretinal hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy involving the fovea
Authors: Brar Manpreet , Sharma Mansi , Grewal Satinder Pal Singh , Dogra Mangat 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in fovea involving preretinal hemorrhage (PRH) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods:
Retrospective non-comparative cross-sectional series of patients diagnosed with fovea involving PRH secondary to PDR at our institute from March 2019 to October 2021 who were treated with combination treatments of intravitreal anti-VEGF and PRP and have completed a minimum 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was serial changes in the visual acuity (VA) and PRH regression from the fovea. Secondary outcome measures were the quantitative assessment of the size of PRH, its association with VA improvement and time to regression, and the proportion of patients who underwent surgery for poor response.

Results:
In total, 22 eyes of 21 patients showed regression of PRH from the foveal center at 33.6 days, and complete regression was seen at 140.7 days. The average number of anti-VEGF injections required for clearance of PRH from the fovea was 1.6. Mean LogMAR visual acuity improved from 0.54 at baseline to 0.32 at 4 weeks and 0.18 at 6 months (P < 0.01). Three eyes (13.6%) required vitrectomy surgery during follow-up. The mean area of PRH as measured by Image J analysis was 14.78 mm2 at baseline, 8.97 mm2 at 4 weeks, and 1.25 mm2 at 3 months (P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was seen between the size of PRH and PRH clearance time and VA improvement. No systemic side effects were observed following the intravitreal injections during follow-up.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and PRP were found to be effective and safe treatment methods for fovea involving PRH secondary to PDR. Long-term studies are warranted to assess the long-term efficacy.
Safety and efficacy of McCarey-Kaufman medium supplemented with colistin (polymyxin E) and amphotericin B in inhibiting the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an ex vivo donor corneal infection model
Authors: Sushmasri Kukutam , Mishra Priyasha , Roy Sanhita , Joseph Joveeta , Ramachandran Charanya , Srinivas Kandibanda , Chaurasia Sunita 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of McCarey-Kaufman (MK) medium supplemented with colistin and amphotericin B in inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, using an ex vivo experimental model with human donor corneas.

Methods:
Cadaveric human corneas deemed unsuitable for corneal transplantation were obtained, and MK media were supplemented with colistin and amphotericin B. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa was cultured and used to infect the human donor corneas ex vivo. Infected corneas were placed in the MK media with additional antibiotics (colistin and amphotericin B) and the standard MK media, which served as the control arm for comparison. Corneal opacity due to infiltration and quantitative analysis of colony-forming units (CFUs) were assessed. The viability of the corneal endothelium was assessed using trypan blue staining.

Results:
Corneas incubated in MK media supplemented with additional antibiotics showed less corneal opacification compared with those in standard MK media at both 48- and 96-hour (hr) time points. Quantitative analysis revealed a lower bacterial load and a significant reduction in CFU in the corneas incubated in MK media with additional antibiotics compared with the control group. At 48 hrs, there was 84% (P value = 0.024) reduction in bacterial load, and at 96 hr, a 53% (P value = 0.016) reduction was observed in comparison with those placed in standard MK media. The trypan blue staining tests revealed that the extent of endothelial cell loss in corneas incubated in supplemented MK media was comparable to the ones in standard MK media.

Conclusion:
The addition of colistin and amphotericin B to MK media demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in an ex vivo cornea infection model. The supplemented media had no detrimental effect on the corneal endothelium. The findings suggest that supplementing the MK media with these broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents may help mitigate the risk of postoperative donor-related infection in the recipients by reducing and containing the load of microbial contamination in donor corneas.
Public Health Student Evaluation of Teaching Qualitative Research Using Interactive Methods
Authors: Livingstone Anitha , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Pontin David , Saxena Vartika , Thomas Michelle , Mehta Aprajita , Wallace Carolyn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Interactive teaching methods aid post graduate students in learning qualitative research. Four academic researchers from the United Kingdom had an opportunity to teach qualitative research methods, specifically consensus methods, to the Master of Public Health students (MPH) during a visit to India. This teaching formed part of a work package with All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India exploring the concept of family resilience among families with children under 6 years.

Aims:
To use the experiences of the MPH students to gain knowledge and create meaning about using the consensus methods.

Participants:
The participants were the MPH students.

Methods:
We used the workshop method to introduce the concept of family resilience by using the question, ‘What will be the three top public health priorities in India to support family resilience in the 21st century?’ as a central theme for all the workshops. Furthermore, we introduced qualitative research methods and hands on experience of consensus methods to the students. The students were introduced to Delphi and Group Concept Mapping (GCM) methods during workshop 1. Workshop 2 introduced Nominal Group Technique (NGT) through a short presentation followed by a practical hands on session using GCM data from workshop 1. The last workshop (3) focused on the World Café method.

Results:
The students evaluated the workshops highly and asked for online sessions on GCM, NGT, and World Café which will be planned in the future.

Conclusion:
We concluded that the post graduate curriculum for master’s in public health studies would benefit from teaching using interactive research methods which will enhance their critical thinking and autonomy. Second, although the MPH curriculum had quantitative methods in place, introducing qualitative consensus methods will open new avenues into future research. Finally, teaching using practical demonstration gives students a voice and makes learning effective and enjoyable.
Application of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors: Singh Shashikant , Gupta Prajwala , Kannappan Anukrishnaa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The cytological analysis of body fluids is the preliminary investigation performed for the diagnostic evaluation of body fluids, helping the physician make the diagnosis and plan proper treatment. The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (ISFRSFC) was created using best international practises, current literature and expert consensus to make a uniform reporting system for serous fluids.

Aims:
The present study was conducted with the aim of recategorising the effusion fluids as per the guidelines prescribed by ISRFRC, knowing the distribution of cases into various categories and assessing their feasibility in day-to-day reporting.

Patients and Methods:
This study was performed on serous fluids (ascitic, pleural, peritoneal and pericardial) received over a period of 5 years, from January 2017 to April 2022, in the cytology unit of the Department of Pathology, ABVIMS, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi. Wherever possible, clinicoradiological and histopathological data were obtained and correlated with cytological findings. Serous fluids were categorised into reporting formats as prescribed by ISRFRC and its feasibility was assessed in day-to-day reporting.

Results:
A total of 1115 cases of serous effusion fluid were examined. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.12. Pleural fluid constituted the majority of the sample (436, 39.10%). Overall, 56 (5.02%) cases were non-diagnostic (ND), 1013 (90.85%) cases were negative for malignancy, 8 (0.72%) were atypia of undetermined significance, 11 (0.99%) were suspicious of malignancy and 27 (2.42%) were malignant (MAL).

Conclusion:
The current study emphasises the significance of cytological analysis of serous fluid as a comprehensive diagnostic investigation that also aids in determining the cause and monitoring the disease process. With the introduction of ISFRSFC, serous fluid reporting is now uniform and more comprehensive, both for cytopathologists and clinicians.
Development and Validation of India-specific Hindi Version of Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool
Authors: Barik Sitanshu , Raj Vikash , Munshi Boudhayan Das , Rajput Ojasvi , Prajapati Shivji , Prasad Sant Guru , Kumar Ashish 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Patient education is one of the important components of reducing the morbidity of osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to validate the Hindi version of the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT-H) among a hospital-based sample in the age group of 18–44 years of age.

Methods:
The study was conducted in two phases – translation and adaption of the OKAT in Hindi followed by its validation. The translated tool was analyzed by Flesch reading ease, McNemar test, Cronbach alpha, difficulty index, discrimination index, and principal factor analysis.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty women with a mean age of 28.3 ± 17.2 years were enrolled in the study. The mean score of the OKAT-H tool obtained in the study was 11.3 ± 2.1. A significant difference was noted in the scores based on educational qualification or with any family history of either osteoporosis or fracture (P < 0.05). The Flesch score for the OKAT-H tool was 86. Inter-item correlation for all the items ranged between 0.15 and 0.5. The Cronbach’s alpha measured 0.892 suggesting high internal consistency. Items number 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, and 14 showed a significant difference on the McNemar test questioning its consistency on test-retest.

Conclusion:
A new shorter version of the tool may be developed since six items showed low consistency. The use of such an instrument in local language would help spread awareness about the disease as well as help the population in adopting osteoprotective strategies and also to seek help and advice regarding treatment.
Surgical Outcomes and Feasibility of Transvaginal Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation through Anterior Approach for Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Agrawal Mohini , Kumari Rajesh , Sharma J. B. , Nisha N , Manasi Deoghare , Bhatla Neerja 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Supporting vaginal vault or apex is a central component of primary therapy and to prevent recurrence of prolapse. This study aims to review the surgical outcomes and feasibility of the anterior approach following both sacrospinous fixation (SSF) and sacrospinous hysteropexy (SSHP) in a single center over a specific period. And also to review its impact on quality of life.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study that included all women who underwent unilateral SSF or SSHP through anterior approach for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) from May 2021 to May 2023 after institutional ethical approval for the study. The anterior approach was undertaken in 47 patients which were included in final review. A retrospective case note review to assess urinary symptoms was undertaken at baseline and 3 months by urinary distress inventory 6 score. The main outcome measure was recurrence of prolapse, predominant compartment for prolapse, presenting complaints, concomitant surgeries performed, and associated urinary complaints.

Results:
The mean age was 56.17 ± 11.95 years and the average body mass index was 26.12 ± 3.11 kg/m2. Except for 4 cases of SSHP, remaining women were postmenopausal at the time of surgery. Ten women presented with urinary complaints as their chief complaint. On examination, POP Quantification evaluation, 35 cases have Ba as leading point, 10 have Ap as their leading point and in two cases C was the leading point.

Conclusion:
Anterior unilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation is a safe, effective strategy to treat POP and other concomitant surgery can also be well combined with it.
Survival outcomes correlate with the level of cell-free circulating DNA in ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Chu Ai-Ai , Gao Han-Xiang , Wu Ting-Ting , Zhang Zheng 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to higher cellular damage, making cell-free DNA (cfDNA) a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity. The aim of this study is to evaluate survival predictions using cfDNA measurements and assess its correlation with MI.

Materials and Methods:
A direct fluorescence assay was employed to measure cfDNA content in the blood samples of participants. The inclusion criteria included patients who gave informed consent, suffering from ST-elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI) based on established diagnostic criteria (joint ESC/ACC guidelines), between the age of 18 and 80 years old, and had elevated troponin biomarker levels. The study included 150 patients diagnosed with STEMI and 50 healthy volunteers as controls. Serial monitoring of patients was conducted to track their postdisease status. The rate of change of cfDNA was calculated and daily measurements for 7 days were recorded.

Results:
Mean levels of cfDNA were found to be 5.93 times higher in patients with STEMI compared to healthy controls, providing clear evidence of a clinical correlation between cfDNA and STEMI. Patients were further categorized based on their survival status within a 90-day period. The study observed a strong predictive relationship between the rate of change of cfDNA during daily measurements and survival outcomes. To assess its predictive capability, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed. The ROC analysis identified an optimal cutoff value of 2.50 for cfDNA, with a sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 74.0% in predicting disease outcomes.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates a robust association between cfDNA and STEMI, indicating that cfDNA levels can be a valuable early prognostic factor for patients. Serial measurements of cfDNA during early disease onset hold promise as an effective approach for predicting survival outcomes in MI patients.
Latent class of depressive symptoms of and its determinants: A cross-sectional study among Iranian University students
Authors: Aleebrahim Forugh , Heidari Zahra , Yousefnejad Shahla , Kheirabadi Gholamreza , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2024

Background:
According to the report of the World Health Organization, mental disorders are one of the 10 most important causes of disability in the world. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the number and frequency of latent classes of depression and its determinants in Isfahan university of medical students.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1408 medical students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were enrolled in the study in 2017. The symptoms and severity of depression were assessed using the standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questionnaire. Latent class analysis was applied to seven symptoms of depression, all of which had four levels. Latent class subgroups were compared using the Chi-square test and analysis of variance test. The regression model was used to check the relationship between identified classes and related factors. Analyzes were done using SPSS-21 and Mplus7 software.

Results:
In this study, three latent classes were identified, that is, the group of healthy people, the group of borderline people, and the group of people suspected of depression. The prevalence of identified latent classes among medical students is 0.52, 0.32, and 0.16%, respectively. The regression results showed that compared to the healthy group, the factors affecting depression in the borderline and suspicious group were increasing age, female gender, interest in the field of study, physical activity, history of depression, and history of anxiety.

Conclusion:
The three classes that were identified based on the students’ answers to the depression symptoms questions differed only based on severity. The history of depression and anxiety were the strongest predictors of latent classes of depression.
New long noncoding RNA biomarkers and ceRNA networks on miR-616-3p in colorectal cancer: Bioinformatics-based study
Authors: Abdolvand Mohammad , Chermahini Zahra Mohammadi , Bahaloo Sahar , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Fahim Alireza , Rahimi Hojjatolah , Amjadi Elham , Maghool Fatemeh , Rohani Fattah , Dadkhah Mina , Farhadian Nooshin , Vatandoust Nasimeh , Abdolvand Shirin , Darehsari Maliheh Roozbahani , Chehelgerdi Mohammad , Beni Faeze Ahmadi , Khodadoostan Mahsa , Hemati Simin , Salehi Mansoor 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Cancer development is aided by the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) absorbing microRNAs (miRNAs). We aimed to discover a novel regulatory axis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and potential biomarkers based on miR-616-3p.

Materials and Methods:
The gene expression omnibus database was mined for differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and mRNAs. LncRNAs and mRNAs were predicted using the RegRNA and TargetScan databases. A combination of the ciBioPortal and Ensemble databases was used to locate the mRNAs. Cytoscape 3.7.1-built CeRNA networks. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to confirm the expression levels of these RNA molecules. Statistical analyses were implemented by GraphPad Prism 9.

Results:
qRT-PCR showed (Linc01282, lnc-MYADM-1:1, and Zinc Finger Protein 347 [ZNF347]) were overexpressed whereas, (salt-inducible kinases 1 [SIK1], and miR-616-3p) were down regulated.

Conclusion:
These results identify unique, unreported lncRNAs as CRC prognostic biomarkers, as well as prospective mRNAs as new treatment targets and predictive biomarkers for CRC. In addition, our study uncovered unexplored ceRNA networks that should be studied further in CRC.
Bilateral Epidermoid Cyst of the External Auditory Canal: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Alobaid Faisal Abdullateef Ahmad , Balachandran Jalagandeesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a case of a 25 year old female who presented to our clinic with complaints of bilateral otalgia. She had normal hearing as per audiogram. Preoperative diagnosis of bilateral epidermoid cyst was made based on clinical features and CT characteristics. Complete excision of bilateral cyst was done and it was reported by histopathology as epidermal inclusion cyst.
A National Study of Olfactory Dysfunction among COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsini Albaraa Y. , Alomiry Rahmah Hulayyil , Suliman Omar A. Abu , Saati Faisal Abdullah , Muathen Sumaiya Husni 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
COVID-19 has different symptomatology reported in the literature, including olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. The evidence now points to smelling loss as one of the most common symptoms, and in some patient is the only symptom. The prevalence of smelling loss has various bases in the literature. Over time, many centers realized the potential of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction to be early symptoms of COVID-19. Recently, the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention added smell or taste loss to symptoms that may appear after exposure to COVID-19. In this study, we are the first national project to report anosmia in COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This is the first national cross-sectional study from the Saudi Ministry of Health’s database. Ethics and written approval from the Institutional Review Board was obtained from the King Abdullah Medical City Research Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
There were 5492 patients with a positive COVID-19 enrolled in this study. The most common comorbidity among positive COVID-19 patients is bronchial asthma (8.6%), followed by diabetes mellitus (7.5%). Approximately 30% had olfactory and taste dysfunction during the COVID-19 infection period. We found the presence of comorbidities, such as cognitive disorder (54.9%), immunodeficiency (46.8), and diabetes mellitus (23%), as significantly related to olfactory and taste dysfunction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may be the only presenting symptoms of COVID-19 in diabetic and immunocompromised patients, such that awareness of COVID-19 is crucial for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.