bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FTC tackles M&A review reforms
Authors: Rouse Robert W. , DeLaurell Roxane 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Federal Trade Commission (FTC) monitors all M&A transactions. Most transactions are cleared without any problems. But in some cases, companies are asked for additional information— which frequently results in some kind of enforcement response and serious consequences for the companies involved. It is also very costly and time‐consuming. Recognizing that the FTC has proposed some reforms. But what are they? And how will they affect companies? The authors of this article have some answers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Private‐company GAAP: A closer look
Authors: Tackett James , Wolf Fran , Kinsley Jessie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn June 2006, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) agreed to create a joint committee. Its goal: make recommendations about changes in accounting for private companies. What are the differing positions of the AICPA and the FASB about establishing these new standards? © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel machine scheduling with job assignment restrictions
Authors: Glass Celia A. , Kellerer Hans 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the classical multiprocessor scheduling problem independent jobs must be assigned to parallel, identical machines with the objective of minimizing the makespan. This article explores the effect of assignment restrictions on the jobs for multiprocessor scheduling problems. This means that each job can only be processed on a specific subset of the machines. Particular attention is given to the case of processing times restricted to one of two values, 1 and λ, differing by at most 2. A matching based polynomial time ε‐approximation algorithm is developed that has a performance ratio tending to
$2-{1 \over 1+\lambda}$
. This algorithm is shown to have the best possible performance, tending to 3/2, for processing times 1 and 2. For the special case of nested processing sets, i.e., when the sets of machines upon which individual jobs may be assigned are non‐overlapping, the behavior of list scheduling algorithms is explored. Finally, for assignment restrictions determined by just one characteristic of the machines, such as disc storage or memory constraint in the case of high performance computing, we contribute an algorithm that provides a 3/2 worst case bound and runs in time linear in the number of jobs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Brief report: Methods for collecting sexual behaviour information from South African adolescents—a comparison of paper versus personal digital assistant questionnaires
Authors: Jaspan Heather B. , Flisher Alan J. , Myer Landon , Mathews Catherine , Seebregts Chris , Berwick Jessica R. , Wood Robin , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: December 2006

AbstractReporting bias in adolescent behavioural research may be overcome with the use of personal digital assistants (PDA) or other computer based technologies. However, there is little insight into the use of these tools among adolescents in low resource settings. We compared self‐administered paper questionnaires with PDA questionnaires to collect sexual behaviour data from a sample of 11–19 year olds living in a periurban, Xhosa‐speaking community in South Africa. There was a high level of agreement between sexual risk behaviour data collected via each method (kappas≥0.50). Data collected from the PDA questionnaires were more complete. Subjectively, adolescents found the use of PDA to be simple and confidential. PDA may be a useful method to collect sensitive, self‐reported information from adolescents in resource‐limited settings.
Retrospective analysis of artemisinin pharmacokinetics: application of a semiphysiological autoinduction model
Authors: Asimus Sara , Gordi Toufigh 
Published: December 2006

What is already known about this subject? • A previous semiphysiological model has been published, describing the time course of the autoinduction of artemisinin.• The model, which was based on saliva sampling, has been successfully applied in another set of saliva data. What this study adds? • In this report, we applied the same model to plasma data from six clinical studies involving healthy volunteers and malaria patients.• The model performed well and we suggest that it could be used as a general model in cases of time‐dependent pharmacokinetics and drug‐drug interactions.AimsTo describe the time‐course of the autoinduction of artemisinin by applying a semiphysiological pharmacokinetic model.MethodsPlasma concentration‐time data from six clinical studies involving oral administration of artemisinin to healthy subjects and malaria patients were included in the analysis. NONMEM was used to apply a semiphysiological model incorporating metabolizing enzymes and a pharmacokinetic model including a separate hepatic compartment.ResultsThe model described the data well. The hepatic extraction ratio increased from 0.74 at pre‐induced conditions to 0.98 after autoinduction of metabolism.ConclusionsOur model successfully described the time‐course of autoinduction of metabolism of artemisinin in subjects receiving oral artemisinin.
The selection and organization of curricular experience in nursing
Authors: Wong Julia , Wong Shirley 
Published: December 2006

Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school.The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development. This paper attempts to analyse the selection and organization of the first year curricular experiences of the proposed curriculum by applying the logical approach.The proposed curriculum is designed for a 2‐year diploma school of nursing. Nursing is offered as a continuum of increasing complexity throughout the three semesters of each year. The curricular framework is based on the health field concept; curricular experiences are selected and organized in accordance with this concept. Courses related to the four elements of the health field concept become mandatory classes for all students. Similarly clinical experience is organized so that a total integration of knowledge from these four elements is enhanced. The first year students study the general aspects of health and health field concept; the nursing process; helping relationships and selected skills necessary for meeting patient's physiological needs. The last semester of the first year is a synthesis practicum proposed to integrate principles and theories which the students have acquired previously and to apply them to the practice of nursing.
Lovastatin attenuates nerve injury in an animal model of Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Sarkey Jason P. , Richards Michael P. , Stubbs Evan B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStatins, widely used as clinically effective inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties that may be of therapeutic benefit for the management of some neurological disorders. In this study, a short‐term course of lovastatin treatment is shown to markedly inhibit the development of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the absence of hepatotoxic or myotoxic complications. Independent of cholesterol reduction, lovastatin treatment prevented EAN‐induced peripheral nerve conduction deficits and morphologic nerve injury. Co‐administration with mevalonate neutralized the prophylactic effects of lovastatin. When administered therapeutically, lovastatin significantly shortened the disease course. Autoreactive immunity, measured in vitro by myelin‐stimulated proliferation of splenocytes, was significantly diminished by in vivo lovastatin treatment. Th1‐dominant immune responses, measured by cytokine profiling, however, were not affected by lovastatin. Sciatic nerves of lovastatin‐treated immunized rats showed markedly reduced levels of cellular infiltrates. Treating peripheral nerve endothelial monolayers with lovastatin significantly inhibited the in vitro migration of autoreactive splenocytes. Together, these data demonstrate that a short‐term course of lovastatin attenuates the development and progression of EAN in Lewis rats by limiting the proliferation and migration of autoreactive leukocytes.
The third dimension in facial rejuvenation: a review
Authors: Donofrio Lisa , Weinkle Susan 
Published: December 2006

SummaryBackground  Facial rejuvenation has long been dominated by surgical techniques that act on only two dimensions of the face, ignoring the third dimension (facial volume); therefore, a truly youthful look remains elusive.Objectives  This paper aims to define the various surgical procedures employed by cosmetic surgeons that can be combined with alloplastic implants or injectable devices in order to restore lost facial volume.Methods and materials  A search of the literature was performed.Results  Alloplastic augmentation and implants provide permanent restoration of facial volume, but require invasive surgery. Soft‐tissue fillers include autologous fat, calcium hydroxylapatite, and a variety of polymers. Devices based on collagen and hyaluronic acids provide correction of superficial lines and folds, but cannot offer long‐lasting restoration of facial volume. The only fillers that have been proven to augment facial volume are autologous fat, calcium hydroxylapatite, poly‐l‐lactic acid, polyacrylamide, poly‐alkyl‐imide, and methylpolysiloxane.Conclusions  For optimal facial rejuvenation, the accepted surgical techniques of skin lifting and tightening could be combined with volumizing devices, thereby addressing ptosis, lines, folds, and volume loss.
Dentin structure in familial hypophosphatemic rickets: benefits of vitamin D and phosphate treatment
Authors: Chaussain‐Miller C , Sinding C , Septier D , Wolikow M , Goldberg M , Garabedian M 
Published: December 2006

Objective:  To evaluate the outcome of 1‐(OH) vitamin D and oral phosphate treatment on dentin structure in patients with familial hypophosphatemic rickets, and expression of SIBLINGs (a family of non‐collagenous proteins involved in dentinogenesis) and osteocalcin.Patients and methods:  Seven patients with familial hypophosphatemic rickets (age 3–16 years) were studied before or during treatment. Deciduous and permanent teeth were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and immunohistochemistry.Results:  Untreated or inadequately treated patients had necrotic teeth with impaired dentin mineralization including unmerged calcospherites and accumulation of non‐collagenous proteins in wide interglobular spaces. Most of the primary incisors analyzed displayed fissures linking enamel subsurface to pulp horn. These elements may explain the bacterial penetration and dental abscesses despite the absence of carious lesions. Well‐treated patients had healthy teeth with good dentin mineralization and little evidence of calcospherites.Conclusion:  Treatment of hypophosphatemic children with 1‐(OH) vitamin D and oral phosphate insures good dentin development and mineralization, and prevents clinical anomalies such as the dental necrosis classically associated with the disease. Starting treatment during early childhood and good adherence to the therapy are mandatory to observe these beneficial effects.
Creating a Successful School‐Based Mobile Dental Program
Authors: Jackson David M. , Jahnke Lauren R. , Kerber Lisa , Nyer Genie , Siemens Kammi , Clark Carol 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:  Dental disease is one of the leading causes of school absenteeism for children. This article describes the creation and evolution of the St. David’s Dental Program, a mobile school‐based dental program for children.Methods:  The dental program is a collaboration of community partners in Central Texas that provides free dental care to low‐income children in schools without relying on reimbursements or government funding.Results:  Since 1998, the program has provided 132,791 screenings for oral health treatment needs and 38,634 encounters for sealants or treatment. In 2005, the program provided $2.1 million worth of services at a cost of $1.2 million (not including donated services). Factors important to the program’s success included sustained funding for general operating costs; well‐compensated clinicians to deliver care and experienced human service workers to manage program operations; the devotion of resources to maximize consent form return rates; and the development of strong relationships with school district and individual school staff.Conclusions:  By removing cost, time, transportation, and bureaucratic barriers, the program was able to reach more children than fixed‐site clinics. The program was a merging of private and public health dentistries. This model can be useful to other communities in light of the unmet need for dental care and tighter federal, state, and local government budgets.
Update onEpidermal Growth Factor ReceptorMutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Riely Gregory J. , Politi Katerina A. , Miller Vincent A. , Pao William 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn 2004, several investigators reported that somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene were associated with clinical responses to erlotinib and gefitinib in patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Since then, multiple groups have examined the biological properties that such mutations confer as well as the clinical relevance of these mutations in patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Although a tremendous amount of knowledge has been gained in the past 2 years, there remain a number of important epidemiologic, biological, and clinical questions.
Molecular Profiling of ADAM12 in Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Fröhlich Camilla , Albrechtsen Reidar , Dyrskjøt Lars , Rudkjær Lise , Ørntoft Torben F. , Wewer Ulla M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Purpose: We have previously found ADAM12, a disintegrin and metalloprotease, to be an interesting biomarker for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the gene and protein expression profiles of ADAM12 in different grades and stages of bladder cancer.
Experimental Design: ADAM12 gene expression was evaluated in tumors from 96 patients with bladder cancer using a customized Affymetrix GeneChip. Gene expression in bladder cancer was validated using reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining on tissue arrays of bladder cancers. The presence and relative amount of ADAM12 in the urine of cancer patients were determined by Western blotting and densitometric measurements, respectively.
Results: ADAM12 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in bladder cancer, as determined by microarray analysis, and the level of ADAM12 mRNA correlated with disease stage. Reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization validated the gene expression results. Using immunohistochemistry, we found ADAM12 protein expression correlated with tumor stage and grade. Finally, ADAM12 could be detected in the urine by Western blotting; ADAM12 was present in higher levels in the urine from patients with bladder cancer compared with urine from healthy individuals. Significantly, following removal of tumor by surgery, in most bladder cancer cases examined, the level of ADAM12 in the urine decreased and, upon recurrence of tumor, increased.
Conclusions: ADAM12 is a promising biomarker of bladder cancer.
Phase I, Pharmacokinetic, and Biological Study of Erlotinib in Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Patnaik Amita , Wood Debra , Tolcher Anthony W. , Hamilton Marta , Kreisberg Jeffrey I. , Hammond Lisa A. , Schwartz Garry , Beeram Muralidhar , Hidalgo Manuel , Mita Monica M. , Wolf Julie , Nadler Paul , Rowinsky Eric K. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the feasibility of administering erlotinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin, and to identify pharmacokinetic interactions, evaluate downstream effects of EGFR inhibition on surrogate tissues, and seek preliminary evidence for clinical activity.
Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated continuously with erlotinib at doses of 100, 125, and 150 mg/d orally along with fixed i.v. doses of paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg·min/mL, both on day 1 every 3 weeks.
Results: Twenty evaluable patients were treated with 136 courses of erlotinib, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. Myelosuppression, skin rash, and diarrhea were the principal toxicities. Dose limiting diarrhea occurred in 1 of 6 patients at the 100 mg erlotinib dose level, whereas 0 of 9 evaluable patients at the 125 mg erlotinib dose level experienced dose limiting toxicity and 3 of 5 evaluable patients at 150 mg erlotinib experienced dose limiting skin rash and neutropenic sepsis. There was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interactions between paclitaxel and erlotinib; however, total carboplatin exposure trended higher in the presence of erlotinib. No consistent downstream effects on EGFR inhibition were found in skin. Durable objective responses were observed in non–small-cell lung and head and neck cancers.
Conclusions: A dose level of erlotinib 125 mg combined with paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg·min/mL is recommended for disease-directed studies. This phase I trial was followed by a randomized phase III study in non–small-cell lung cancer using a similar regimen.
Expression of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Tie2 in Neoplastic Glial Cells Is Associated with Integrin β1-Dependent Adhesion to the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Lee Ok-Hee , Xu Jing , Fueyo Juan , Fuller Gregory N. , Aldape Kenneth D. , Alonso Marta M. , Piao Yuji , Liu Ta-Jen , Lang Frederick F. , Bekele B. Nebiyou , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The abnormal function of tyrosine kinase receptors is a hallmark of malignant gliomas. Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a specific endothelial cell receptor whose function is positively regulated by angiopoietin 1 (Ang1). Recently, Tie2 has also been found in the nonvascular compartment of several tumors, including leukemia as well as breast, gastric, and thyroid cancers. There is, however, little information on the function of the Ang1/Tie2 pathway in the non–stromal cells within human tumors. We found that surgical glioblastoma specimens contained a subpopulation of Tie2+/CD31− and Tie2+/GFAP+ cells, suggesting that Tie2 is indeed expressed outside the vascular compartment of gliomas. Furthermore, analysis of a tissue array consisting of 116 human glioma samples showed that Tie2 expression in the neoplastic glial cells was significantly associated with progression from a lower to higher grade. Importantly, Ang1 stimulation of Tie2+ glioma cells resulted in increased adherence of the cells to collagen I and IV, suggesting that Tie2 regulates glioma cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Conversely, the down-regulation of Tie2 levels by small interference RNA or the addition of soluble Tie2 abrogated the Ang1-mediated effect on cell adhesion. In studying the expression of cell adhesion molecules, we found that Tie2 activation was related to the up-regulation of integrin β1 levels and the formation of focal adhesions. These results, together with the reported fact that malignant gliomas express high levels of Ang1, suggest the existence of an autocrine loop in malignant gliomas and that a Tie2-dependent pathway modulates cell–to–extracellular matrix adhesion, providing new insights into the highly infiltrative phenotype of human gliomas. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(12):915–26)
Lack of Mutual Respect in Relationship
Authors: ALAO AMOS A. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract:  Violence in a relationship and in a family setting has been an issue of concern to various interest groups and professional organizations. Of particular interest in this article is violence against women in a relationship. While there is an abundance of knowledge on violence against women in general, intimate or partner femicide seems to have received less attention. Unfortunately, the incidence of violence against women, and intimate femicide in particular, has been an issue of concern in the African setting. This article examines the trends of intimate femicide in an African setting in general, and in Botswana in particular. The increase in intimate femicide is an issue of concern, which calls for collective effort to address. This article also examines trends of femicide in Botswana, and the antecedents and the precipitating factors. Some studies have implicated societal and cultural dynamics as playing significant roles in intimate femicide in the African setting. It is believed that the patriarchal nature of most African settings and the ideology of male supremacy have relegated women to a subordinate role. Consequently, respect for women in any relationship with men is lopsided in favor of men and has led to abuse of women, including intimate femicide. Other militating factors in intimate femicide are examined and the implications for counseling to assist the endangered female partner are discussed.
Chromatin looping mediates boundary element promoter interactions
Authors: Celniker Susan E. , Drewell Robert A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOne facet of the control of gene expression is long‐range promoter regulation by distant enhancers. It is an important component of the regulation of genes that control metazoan development and has been appreciated for some time but the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation have remained poorly understood. A recent study by Cleard and colleagues1 reports the first in vivo evidence of chromatin looping and boundary element promoter interaction. Specifically, they studied the function of a boundary element within the cis‐regulatory region of the Abdominal‐B (Abd‐B) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. BioEssays 29: 7–10, 2007. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Color matching functions when one primary wavelength is changed
Authors: Brill Michael H. , Worthey James A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractColor‐matching functions (cmfs) produced by monochromatic primaries change in an orderly way when the wavelengths of the primaries are changed. When only one of the three wavelengths is varied, the corresponding cmf changes in scale but not in shape. That is, changing one primary changes all three cmfs, but if only the red primary is changed, for example, then the red cmf changes only in scale. A set of primaries will exist such that each cmf has a maximum value of 1, and that peak occurs at the primary wavelength, by a prior theorem. Those are Thornton's prime colors, and if they are the initial primaries, then changing one primary wavelength can only increase the scale of its cmf. Precise prime color sets have been calculated: (603, 538, 446) for the CIE 2° observer, and (600, 536, 445) for the CIE 10° observer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 22–24, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20283