bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DHT‐based peer‐to‐peer search system using pseudo‐candidate key indexing
Authors: Arakawa Yutaka , Minami Hiroya , Matsuo Masato , Yamaguchi Masayasu , Saito Hiroshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn service in the ubiquitous networking environment, it is expected that flexible interaction between the user and the things (resource) in the real world will become important. In order to realize such an interaction, there must be a system in which the resource to be utilized can be searched for with its attribute information as keys. Consequently, this paper proposes a DHT (distributed hash table)‐based P2P search system using a new indexing method called pseudo‐candidate key indexing. A problem of the conventional DHT‐based P2P search system is that a large amount of communication is needed in the search process. The proposed system attempts to deal with the problem by preparing an index for all search conditions which are useful to the user, thus reducing the amount of communication in the search. A simulation verifies that the proposed system is scalable. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 81–94, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20317
A study of IP routing stability for GMPLS‐based next‐generation backbone network
Authors: Tagami Atsushi , Hasegawa Teruyuki , Hasegawa Toru 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGMPLS (Generalized Multi‐Protocol Label Switching) is considered promising as the basic technology for forming the next‐generation ISP (Internet Service Provider) backbone network. In an IP backbone network based on GMPLS, the optical layer and the packet layer are vertically integrated and operate in close collaboration. It is due to this collaborative operation of multiple layers that integrated network control such as path setting in the optical layer according to the IP traffic in the packet layer and fast recovery from faults is realized. However, there is a danger, due to the similarity of functions in the two layers or to mismatch of the parameters, that collaborative operation between layers may affect the stability of IP routing in the packet layer. This situation is mostly due to the fact that the time granularity in the change of path state in the optical layer is finer than that of the IP routing protocol processing in the packet layer. This paper discusses route stability in the packet layer during collaborative operation of layers. The situation is analyzed by simulation and a method of improving stability is proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 71–80, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20332
A proposal of multipath reliable communication technique considering unstable links
Authors: Yagyu Tomohiko , Jibiki Masahiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecently, with advances in cellular phones and wireless LAN technologies, mixed environments consisting of a fixed network and a wireless network have become commonplace. Also, information networks represented by the Internet are now indispensable for daily life. Hence, demands for highly reliable communications in a mixed environment of fixed and wireless networks have increased. However, wireless networks have the problem of easily generated packet loss due to various factors such as obstacles and interference. In a network consisting of a link with a high packet loss rate and high instability, the end‐to‐end packet arrival rate is significantly degraded. In addition, the entire network may become unstable due to frequency updating of the paths as a result of losses in routing control packets. To enhance the packet arrival rate, it is effective to use a multipath communications system in which several copies of the packets are sent by different paths. In this paper, based on path design considering the introduction of the intermittent state as a link condition, and introduction of the concepts of interruption‐tolerant path and route calculation considering interference, a multipath communication system is proposed that enhances the end‐to‐end packet arrival rate while the control load is reduced in a network consisting of unstable links. By means of simulation it is shown that the control load can be kept small during communications while the packet arrival rate is improved over that in the conventional system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 1–11, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20405
Hierarchical BIST: Test‐per‐clock BIST with low overhead
Authors: Yamaguchi Kenichi , Inoue Michiko , Fujiwara Hideo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have proposed a hierarchical built‐in self‐test (BIST) mechanism for register‐transfer level (RTL) circuits, to simplify testing design methods. Hierarchical BIST is a two‐layered approach to BIST that operates at the register‐transfer level and gate level. At the register‐transfer level, the test‐pattern generator creates a test pattern and applies it to the module under test, and creates a pathway that enables the response analyzer to monitor the results. At the gate level, the error‐detection rate for the module under test is tested by simulating errors. An advantage of the hierarchical BIST approach is that high detection rates can be achieved with low hardware overhead. In this paper, we propose time‐division single‐control testability as a testability model for hierarchical BIST. We conducted tests that demonstrate this is an effective way to reduce test execution time and hardware overhead. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(6): 47–58, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20362
Evaluation of the stability of blends of sunflower and rice bran oil
Authors: Mezouari Samia , Eichner Karl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBlends of sunflower oil (SFO) and rice bran oil (RBO) were evaluated for their stability. Additionally, known amounts of natural antioxidants extracted from RBO were added to SFO, and their protective effect was compared to that of the blends. The results found indicate that by raising the amount of RBO, from 10 to 50%, an increase of OLO, OLP, PPL, OOO, PPO, OPO, 18:1 and 16:0 occurred, followed by a decrease of LLL, LLO, and 18:2. These changes in fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition led to an increase of the oil stability index at 120 °C and a reduction of polymer TAG formation in the heated blends at 180 °C during 8 h. A comparable protective effect of natural antioxidants to that of blending was observed in a 50 : 50 blend, by remarkably increasing the induction period.
Biodegradability of biodiesel fuel of animal and vegetable origin
Authors: Sendzikiene Egle , Makareviciene Violeta , Janulis Prutenis , Makareviciute Dovile 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the positive features of biofuel concerning environmental protection is its high biodegradability. Fuel is considered to be biodegradable if not less than 90% of it degrades within 21 days. The aim of this work was to determine the biodegradability of various kinds of fatty acid methyl esters and their mixtures with fossil diesel fuel in natural environments. It was determined that fatty acid methyl esters meet the requirements for biodegradability set by the EU. Of rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters (RME), 91.2% degraded within 21 days, compared to 94.2% of rapeseed oil fatty acid ethyl esters, 98.3% of linseed oil fatty acid methyl esters (LSME), 90% of tallow fatty acid methyl esters, and 92.5% of pork lard fatty acid methyl esters (LME), while the amount of degraded fossil diesel fuel reached only 57.3%. The biodegradability of multi‐component biofuels containing RME, LSME and LME is similar; the best is of a mixture of 70% RME, 6% LSME and 24% LME. It was determined that more than 90% of multi‐component biofuel and fossil diesel fuel mixtures degrade within 21 days when they contain 35% and more of multi‐component biofuel.
Detection of foreign fat in milk fat from different continents by triacylglycerol analysis
Authors: Molkentin Joachim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe adulteration of bovine milk fat with foreign fat can be detected by the analysis of its triacylglycerol (TAG) composition in combination with TAG formulae to calculate S‐values. With genuine milk fats these S‐values must not exceed certain limits already laid down in German and European analytical standards since 1994. The present validity of the TAG formulae and corresponding S‐ranges was confirmed by analysis of 148 recently produced European milk fat samples comprising a wide variation in lipid composition. Additionally, representative milk fat collections from New Zealand (n = 31) and South Africa (n = 10) were analyzed for their TAG composition to check the applicability of the TAG method to non‐European dairy products. These samples were identified as pure and unadulterated as well. All the analyzed samples (n = 189) provided S‐values clearly within the admissible limits. Consequently, the composition of genuine milk fat from different continents still fits the S‐ranges formerly established for Europe, and the TAG method most likely can be applied globally. Limitations have to be considered with technologically processed milk fat or fat from low‐fat milk products such as skim milk or buttermilk.
Aza‐Baylis–Hillman Reactions and Their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Shi Yong‐Ling , Shi Min 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAza‐Baylis–Hillman reactions have attracted much attention over the past decade. This review concentrates on discussion of the origins of and progress in aza‐Baylis–Hillman reactions, including the development of catalysts and substrate scopes, mechanistic study, asymmetric reactions, and further transformations of the products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Is intrinsic religious orientation a culturally specific American Protestant concept? The fusion of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation among non‐Protestants
Authors: Flere Sergej , Lavrič Miran 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship between intrinsic and personal extrinsic religious orientation as suggested by Gorsuch and McPherson is studied within four denominational samples of university students in four different cultural environments. Results show that intrinsic and extrinsic personal religious orientation form two separate dimensions only within the American Protestant sample. In three different European religious environments (one Eastern Orthodox, one Islamic, and one Roman Catholic), all extrinsic personal and intrinsic items can be combined into a single dimension. It is speculated that the intrinsic orientation may be culturally tied to Protestantism. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination and Application of Square‐Wave Voltammetry of yRNA on a CPB‐Cellulose Modified Electrode
Authors: He Xiaoying , Zhu Qingtao , Liao Fang , Zhu Lin , Ai Zhen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractElectrochemical behavior of remarkably low levels of Ribonucleic acid yeast (yRNA) is studied through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and kinetic parameters of the electrochemical reaction have also been calculated through square‐wave voltammetry (SWV), based on immobilization of yRNA on the surface of a CPB‐cellulose modified electrode. YRNA/ CPB‐cellulose/ITO conductive glass electrode is demonstrated by Infrared reflect (IR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The oxidation peak potential of yRNA shifts negatively with increasing pH. The peak currents decrease gradually in successive scans and no corresponding reduction peaks occur, indicating that oxidation process of yRNA is completely irreversible. Variables influencing DPV response of yRNA, such as pH, pulse amplitude and electrolyte concentration, are explored and optimized. Peak currents are proportional to the concentration of yRNA in the range of 0.1 μg mL−1–1.0 μg mL−1, and the linear regression coefficient equals 0.9923. The detection limit for yRNA is 1.0×10−10 g mL−1. Interferences of L‐cysteine, L‐alanine, Hemoglobin, Uridine 5′‐monophosphate, Guanosine 5′‐monophosphate, Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate and some metal ions (Co3+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, etc) are negligible. The methods adopted here are more sensitive and selective than currently applied techniques and overcome the drawback of absorption spectroscopy arising from a strong interference due to other UV‐absorbing substances.
Sensitive Voltammetric Response of p‐Nitroaniline on Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube‐Ionic Liquid Gel Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Zhao Faqiong , Liu Liqin , Xiao Fei , Li Jiangwen , Yan Rui , Fan Shuangshuang , Zeng Baizhao 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BMIMPF6)‐single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) gel modified glassy carbon electrode (BMIMPF6‐SWNT/GCE) is fabricated. At it the voltammetric behavior and determination of p‐nitroaniline (PNA) is explored. PNA can exhibit a sensitive cathodic peak at −0.70 V (vs. SCE) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution on the electrode, resulting from the irreversible reduction of PNA. Under the optimized conditions, the peak current is linear to PNA concentration over the range of 1.0×10−8–7.0×10−6 M, and the detection limit is 8.0×10−9 M. The electrode can be regenerated by successive potential scan in a blank solution for about 5 times and exhibits good reproducibility. Meanwhile, the feasibility to determine other nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) with the modified electrode is also tested. It is found that the NACs studied (i.e., p‐nitroaniline, p‐nitrophenol, o‐nitrophenol, m‐nitrophenol, p‐nitrobenzoic acid, and nitrobenzene) can all cause sensitive cathodic peaks under the conditions, but their peak potentials and peak currents are different to some extent. Their peak currents and concentrations show linear relationships in concentration ranges with about 3 orders of magnitude. The detection limits are 8.0×10−9 M for p‐nitroaniline, 2.0×10−9 M for p‐nitrophenol, 5.0×10−9 M for o‐nitrophenol, 5.0×10−9 M for m‐nitrophenol, 2.0×10−8 M for p‐nitrobenzoic acid and 8.0×10−9 M for nitrobenzene respectively. The BMIMPF6‐SWNT/GCE is applied to the determination of NACs in lake water.
Performance evaluation of optically preamplified dicode pulse position modulation receivers
Authors: Al‐Suleimani I. H. , Phillips A. J. , Woolfson M. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn analysis for optically preamplified dicode pulse position modulation (DiPPM) receivers is presented for the first time. The performance at two different bit rates (622 Mbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s) is analysed and compared with equivalent optically preamplified pulse position modulation (PPM) and on‐off keyed non‐return‐to‐zero (OOK NRZ) systems. Additionally a new derivation for the average power of the DiPPM pulse stream is provided and the sensitivity performance is compared with that obtainable from a previous formula, with results that are somewhat more conservative. For optically preamplified systems it is shown that PPM significantly outperforms DiPPM and OOK NRZ, when using the DiPPM average power formula derived here, but DiPPM could still show a sensitivity benefit over OOK NRZ of 4.2 dB. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumption and Efficiency of a Passenger Car with a Hydrogen/Oxygen PEFC based Hybrid Electric Drivetrain
Authors: Büchi F. N. , Paganelli G. , Dietrich P. , Laurent D. , Tsukada A. , Varenne P. , Delfino A. , Kötz R. , Freunberger S. A. , Magne P.‐A. , Walser D. , Olsommer D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe main factors for reducing the consumption of a vehicle are reduction of curb weight, air drag and increase in the drivetrain efficiency. Highly efficient drivetrains can be developed based on PEFC technology and curb weight may be limited by an innovative vehicle construction. In this paper, data on consumption and efficiency of a four‐place passenger vehicle with a curb weight of 850 kg and an H2/O2 fed PEFC/Supercap hybrid electric powertrain are presented. Hydrogen consumption in the New European Driving Cycle is 0.67 kg H2/100 km, which corresponds to a gasoline equivalent consumption of 2.5 l/100 km. When including the energy needed to supply pure oxygen, the calculated consumption increases from 0.67 to 0.69–0.79 kg H2/100 km, depending on the method of oxygen production.
Effects of IFI16 overexpression on the growth and doxorubicin sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma–derived cell lines
Authors: De Andrea Marco , Gioia Daniela , Mondini Michele , Azzimonti Barbara , Renò Filippo , Pecorari Giancarlo , Landolfo Vincenzo , Tommasino Massimo , Accardi Rosita , Herold‐Mende Christel , Landolfo Santo , Gariglio Marisa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground.In a previous analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), we showed that the levels of the interferon‐inducible protein IFI16 inversely correlate with cancer grade. In this study, we further evaluate the molecular role of IFI16 in the development of HNSCCs.Methods.The effect of IFI16 expression was evaluated by its retroviral restoration in an IFI16‐negative HNSCC‐derived cell line, HNO136. Growth rate and soft agar colony formation were evaluated. The effect of IFI16 restoration in cells exposed to doxorubicin was also analyzed.Results.IFI16 restoration resulted in the inhibition of both cell growth and in vitro transforming activity and increased doxorubicin‐induced cell death by accumulating the cells at the G2/M phase.Conclusion.In agreement with our previous in vivo data, IFI16 appears to be involved in maintaining the normal growth of epithelial cells, whereas its downregulation may contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
New Oligosaccharide Esters and Xanthone C‐Glucosides from Polygala telephioides
Authors: Chang Hai‐Tao , Tu Peng‐Fei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree new oligosaccharide esters named telephioses D (4), E (5), and F (6), and two new xanthone C‐glucosides, telephioxanthones A (7) and B (8), together with five known oligosaccharide esters and mangiferin, were isolated from the whole plant of Polygala telephioides Willd. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.
Two Novel Neophysalins from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii
Authors: Chen Rong , Liang Jing‐Yu , Liu Rui 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo novel neophysalins, named physalin W (1) and physalin X (2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae). Their structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic techniques including 2D‐NMR (HMBC, HSQC, 1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY) and MS experiments.
Estimating sublimation of intercepted and sub‐canopy snow using eddy covariance systems
Authors: Molotch Noah P. , Blanken Peter D. , Williams Mark W. , Turnipseed Andrew A. , Monson Russell K. , Margulis Steven A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDirect measurements of winter water loss due to sublimation were made in a sub‐alpine forest in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Above‐and below‐canopy eddy covariance systems indicated substantial losses of winter‐season snow accumulation in the form of snowpack (0·41 mm d−1) and intercepted snow (0·71 mm d−1) sublimation. The partitioning between these over and under story components of water loss was highly dependent on atmospheric conditions and near‐surface conditions at and below the snow/atmosphere interface. High above‐canopy sensible heat fluxes lead to strong temperature gradients between vegetation and the snow‐surface, driving substantial specific humidity gradients at the snow surface and high sublimation rates. Intercepted snowfall resulted in rapid response of above‐canopy latent heat fluxes, high within‐canopy sublimation rates (maximum = 3·7 mm d−1), and diminished sub‐canopy snowpack sublimation. These results indicate that sublimation losses from the sub‐canopy snowpack are strongly dependent on the partitioning of sensible and latent heat fluxes in the canopy. This compels comprehensive studies of snow sublimation in forested regions that integrate sub‐canopy and over‐story processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of dimeric anthocyanins and new oligomeric pigments in red wine by means of HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MSn
Authors: Alcalde‐Eon Cristina , Escribano‐Bailón María Teresa , Santos‐Buelga Celestino , Rivas‐Gonzalo Julián C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHigh‐pressure liquid chromatography‐diode array detector‐electrospray ionisation/ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MSn) analyses carried out in red wine fractions revealed the existence of dimeric anthocyanins (A–A+), previously detected in grape skin, and allowed the detection and identification, for the first time, of other derived oligomers. The structure of these compounds was characterised according to their MSn(n = 1–4) fragmentation patterns. The newly detected oligomers consisted of a flavanol, (epi)catechin or (epi)gallocatechin, linked through its C4 position to the nucleophilic positions of the upper unit of a dimeric anthocyanin (F–A–A+). All the compounds contained malvidin as one of the anthocyanin subunits, whereas the other anthocyanin moiety could be either delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin or malvidin. With the fractionation method employed, the dimeric anthocyanins eluted in the same fractions as the monomeric anthocyanins. However, the new F–A–A+ oligomers were found in the same fractions as F‐A+ dimers, which might indicate a structural similarity between both types of compounds. ESI/MSn analyses, coupled or not to HPLC, showed to be a useful and powerful tool for detecting and identifying these oligomers in wines, which usually elute from reversed‐phase columns as humps and/or are overlapped by the peaks of other compounds. The detection of these oligomeric pigments in wine has provided more information about the complex pigments responsible for the elevation of the base line observed in the chromatograms of wines and has also revealed that oligomeric anthocyanins can take part in the reactions usually undergone by monomeric anthocyanins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.