bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid surface functionalization of poly(ethersulphone) foils using a highly reactive oxygen‐plasma treatment
Authors: Vrlinič T. , Vesel A. , Cvelbar U. , Krajnc M. , Mozetič M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a study of the oxygen‐plasma functionalization of polyethersulphone (PES). PES samples were exposed to a weakly ionized, highly dissociated oxygen plasma, with an electron temperature of 5 eV and a positive ion density of 8 × 1015 m−3, and its afterglow, in which the density of charged particles was negligibly low and the density of neutral oxygen atoms was 4 × 1021 m−3. The wettability of the samples was determined by measuring the contact angle of a water drop, while the appearance of the functional groups on the surface of the samples was determined using high‐resolution conventional XPS. The samples were saturated with surface functional groups, both in the plasma and in the afterglow region, after 1 s of treatment time. The results are explained by the high flux of oxygen atoms on the sample surface and the characteristics of the oxygen plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of the composition of nitrided layers on iron using AES
Authors: Vandendael I. , Sloof W. G. , Steenhaut O. , Hubin A. , Vereecken J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWithin the framework of the study of industrial nitriding of steel, AES was chosen as the principle analysis technique. In order to characterise the nitrided layers quantitatively, reliable sensitivity factors were needed. For that purpose, different reference samples containing the pure γ′‐Fe4N1−x and ε‐Fe2N1−z phases were prepared by gaseous nitriding of pure iron. The characterisation of these references by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is discussed. The first sample contained a nitrided layer with large γ′‐Fe4N1−x grains (∼30 µm) with 19.6 at.% nitrogen on top of an iron substrate. The second one contained an ε‐Fe2N1−z outer layer (∼6 µm) with 26 at.% nitrogen, on a γ′‐Fe4N1−x layer (∼4 µm) with 19.8 at.% nitrogen, created on top of an iron substrate. In this study, Fe LMM and N KLL Auger electron spectral lines were acquired on the pure γ′‐Fe4N1−x and ε‐Fe2N1−z phases of these two reference samples in order to calculate the sensitivity factors of iron and nitrogen. Different Auger intensities were considered and compared. It was decided to use the peak areas of the direct Auger electron spectral lines. The values of the sensitivity factors are 0.74 for iron and 0.33 for nitrogen. Finally, a set of three independent and well‐characterised samples containing the γ′‐Fe4N1−x and ε‐Fe2N1−z phases was used to validate the elaborated quantification procedure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface analysis of particulates from laboratory hood exhaust manifold
Authors: Groenewold Gary S. , Cortez Marnie M. , Gianotto Anita K. , Gresham Garold L. , Olson John E. , Fox Robert V. , White Byron M. , Bauer William F. , Avci Recep , Deliorman Muhammedin , Williams Eric 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParticulate samples collected from a laboratory ventilation manifold during routine maintenance were analyzed to determine if particulate composition had changed as a result of changes in the laboratory's atmosphere. This ventilation manifold exhausts more than 100 fume hoods. The particulate samples were analyzed using static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The negative SIMS spectra showed abundant Cl−, NO3−, and HSO4−, consistent with the use of mineral acids in the laboratory. Cluster anions containing primarily Zn (but also other transition metals) were detected, which signaled corrosion of the manifold's galvanized steel by the volatilized acids. The most abundant ions in the cation SIMS spectra were derived from cyclohexylamine (CHA), which had been used as an antiscaling agent in the facility's boiler. Steam from the boiler, which contained CHA, was used to humidify the building air; this practice stopped in 1997. The abundances of the CHA‐derived ions were significantly lower in the samples collected in 2004 and 2006 than in the 1992 samples, indicating that the CHA is being slowly depleted. Changes in the relative abundances suggest exponential depletion from the manifold with rate constants that are on the order of 0.01 to 0.04 month−1. Published in 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral synergism between D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in mice does not depend on gap junctions
Authors: Nolan Eileen B. , Harrison Laura M. , Lahoste Gerald J. , Ruskin David N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractActivation of the D1 and D2 classes of dopamine receptor in the striatum synergistically promotes motor stereotypy. The mechanism of D1/D2 receptor interaction remains unclear. To investigate the involvement of electrical synaptic transmission in this phenomenon, genetic inactivation of the neuronal gap junction (GJ) protein connexin 36 and pharmacological blockade of GJs were utilized. Stereotyped motor behavior was quantified after selective activation of D1 receptors, D2 receptors, or both receptors. These patterns of activation were produced by injection of the agonist apomorphine (3.0 mg/kg) 30 min after either the D2 antagonist eticlopride (0.3 mg/kg), the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle, respectively. Mixed background C57/BL6–129SvEv mice homozygous or heterozygous for the connexin 36 “knockout” allele displayed potent synergistic interaction between D1 and D2 receptor activation, and did not differ significantly from wild‐type mice on any measure. All genotypes demonstrated long‐lasting stereotypic sniffing, chewing, and/or licking after simultaneous activation of D1 and D2 receptors, effects that were absent following selective D1 or D2 activation. Swiss‐Webster mice treated with the GJ blockers carbenoxolone (35 mg/kg), octanol (350 mg/kg) or mefloquine (50 mg/kg) also demonstrated the normal synergistic interaction between D1 and D2 receptors, although these drugs did block the grooming stimulated by selective D1 receptor activation, independently of D2 receptors. While D1 receptor‐stimulated grooming depends on GJs composed of connexins or possibly pannexins, the synergistic interaction of D1 and D2 receptors in control of stereotypy does not involve GJs. Synapse 61:279–287, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniofacial variability index in utero: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study
Authors: Roelfsema N. M. , Hop W. C. J. , van Adrichem L. N. A. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to develop a craniofacial pattern profile analysis by three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and to introduce a craniofacial variability index (CVI) which can assist in the evaluation of fetal facial anatomy.MethodsSerial 3D sonographic measurements of 16 different fetal craniofacial parameters were performed at 18–34 weeks of gestation in 126 normal singleton pregnancies. In another six pregnancies complicated by fetal abnormality, a single 3D recording was obtained. The 16 measurements cover various aspects of the facial anatomy, such as width, depth and height. For each parameter, regression analysis was performed to calculate gestational age‐specific Z‐scores and normal limits for the CVI (the latter quantifies the variability between the 16 Z‐scores).ResultsThe 95th percentile of normal CVI data increased from 1.08 at 18 weeks to 1.27 at 34 weeks of gestation. The CVI was situated above the 95th percentile in three out of six fetuses with abnormalities. In abnormal subjects, 2–8 of 16 parameters showed abnormal values.ConclusionsCraniofacial pattern profile analysis and the CVI may aid in the evaluation of fetal facial anatomy. They could be a valuable tool in syndrome delineation and for distinguishing between normal and abnormal craniofacial development. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nap1: taking a closer look at a juggler protein of extraordinary skills
Authors: Zlatanova Jordanka , Seebart Corrine , Tomschik Miroslav 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe nucleosome assembly protein Nap1 is used extensively in the chromatin field to reconstitute nucleosomal templates for structural and functional studies. Beyond its role in facilitating experimental investigation of nucleosomes, the highly conserved Nap1 is one of the best‐studied members of the histone chaperone group. Here we review its numerous functions, focusing mainly on its roles in assembly and disassembly of the nucleosome particle, and its interactions with chromatin remodeling factors. Its presumed role in transcription through chromatin is also reviewed in detail. An attempt is made to clearly discriminate between fact and fiction, and to formulate the unresolved questions that need further attention. It is beyond doubt that the numerous, seemingly unrelated functions of this juggler protein have to be precisely channeled, coordinated, and regulated. Why nature endowed this specific protein with so many functions may remain a mystery. We are aware of the enormous challenge to the scientific community that understanding the mechanisms underlying these activities presents.—Zlatanova, J., Seebart, C., Tomschik, M. Nap1: taking a closer look at a juggler protein of extraordinary skills. FASEB J. 21, 1294–1310 (2007)
Anaesthetic management of insulinoma
Authors: CHARI PRAMILA , PANDIT S. K. , KATARIA R. N. , SINGH HARIWIR , BAHETI D. K. , WIG JYOTSNA 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe anaesthetic management of two cases of insulinoma treated by distal pancreatectomy is presented. Stress is laid on pre‐operative and intra‐operative glucose administration in sufficiently high quantity.Pre‐operative corticosteroid therapy is better avoided. Dextrose infusion should be stopped soon after removal of the tumour to prevent excessive hyperglycemic response in the postoperative period.Methoxyflurane was used because it tends to raise the blood sugar level. Pancuronium bromide was preferred because of the stable cardiovascular conditions it produces.
Subarachnoid injection during extradural analgesia for labour using 2‐chloroprocaine
Authors: ALLEN P. R. , JOHNSON R. W. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAn obstetric patient had a subarachnoid block during attempted extradural analgesia for labour. The sensory block extended to TI and was accompanied by hypotension. The analgesia lasted 3 hr, after which sensory and motor function recovered quickly. The local anaesthetic agent used was 2% 2‐chloroprocaine.
Epidural analgesia for elective Caesarean section
Authors: THORBURN J. , MOIR D. D. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA technique is described of epidural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section which has a 98% success rate, and an acceptably low incidence of intra‐operative pain. The essentials of the technique are to produce and maintain complete sensory block front S5 to T6, employing a two‐stage injection of bupivacaine 0–5% (mean dose 23 ml) and the use of gravity to ensure sacral block. Despite the use of pre‐operative fluid loading and avoidance of caval occlusion, transitory hypotension occurred in 16% of patients. Vomiting, which occurred in 18% of patients, is a minor but distressing complication.
Coronary disease and anaesthesia
Authors: FLETCHER ROGER 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe anaesthetic care of patients with coronary artery disease can probably be improved. The goal is to maintain a favourable myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio. This may necessitate the use of β‐blockade and vasodilators, or alternatively perhaps halothane, in order to reduce arterial pressure and heart rate, and thereby reduce myocardial work. Normoventilation and adequate analgesia help to prevent increases in peripheral resistance. Careful ECG monitoring may reveal ischaemia or left ventricular strain, which should be regarded as an indication to reduce myocardial work.
Postoperative convulsions due to iophendylate (Myodil)
Authors: JONES D.F. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA previously fit 58‐year‐old man underwent lumbar laminectomy following a myelogram. Postoperatively convulsions occurred. He was successfully treated and made a complete recovery. Large quantities of intracranial iophendylate (Myodil) were seen on postoperative skull X‐rays. In the absence of other likely causes, a diagnosis of iophendylate‐induced encephalopathy was made. A review of the aetiology of convulsions in the intra‐ and postoperative period is presented.
Epidural analgesia for uneventful labour
Authors: Morgan B.M. , Rehor S. , Lewis P.J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe effectiveness of epidural analgesia for uneventful labour was assessed in 200 patients who had received epidural blocks performed by trainee anaesthetists and whose subsequent management was supervised by trainee midwives. Although 88% of mothers were satisfied with the pain relief, only 46% had a completely painless labour after insertion of the epidural block. The major cause of pain was due to delay by attendant midwives in repeating the dose of local anaesthetic.Epidural analgesia is potentially highly effective, but in practice this seems to be related to the expertise of the anaesthetists and the midwives. Almost half the deliveries were instrumental, the proportion being greater for primipara, and this was presumably related to the epidural analgesia.
Postoperative pain relief using epidural morphine
Authors: GRAHAM JOAN L. , KING R. , McCAUGHEY W. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIn postoperative prostatectomy patients, morphine 2 mg in 10 ml 0·9% saline was given epidurally for pain relief and its effectiveness compared with bupivacaine. The duration of analgesia with morphine was approximately double that with bupivacaine. Significant hypotension occurred in approximately 5% of the patients receiving bupivacaine, but was not seen following morphine. These seem to be important advantages in the use of morphine by this route.
Amnesic action of midazolam
Authors: DUNDEE J.W. , WILSON D.B. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryMidazolam 5 mg, a water‐soluble benzodiazepine, given intravenously to adults had a maximum effect of impairing memory for postcards shown between 2 and 5 min after injection. This effect has mainly passed off in 20 min.
Mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disease
Authors: PETHERAM IAN S. , BRANTHWAITE M.A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryBetween 1972 and 1977, 91 patients received mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disorders. Forty‐nine (53.8%) left hospital and 35 of these survived for at least 1 year. Nineteen of 23 asthmatic patients survived. Cerebral damage following cardiorespiratory arrest precluded successful outcome in three of the four who died. In those with chronic lung diseases, patients with chronic bronchitis fared best; outcome was poor in those with emphysema, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis often despite trivial precipitating causes of respiratory failure. Mortality was high in patients with pneumonia even if immunologically normal.
Alcohol in anaesthesia and surgical resuscitation
Authors: WHITBY J. D. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe anaesthetic and analgesic properties of alcohol have been known for several thousand years, but there is little evidence that surgeons were employing it frequently for these purposes in the days before the discovery of reliable inhalation anaesthesia. Its main use was as a stimulant for resuscitation. Attempts to introduce its use into anaesthetic practice in this century have not been successful.
Experiences with epidural blood patch
Authors: Crawford J. Selwyn 
Published: February 2007

SummarySixty‐six of a series of 116 patients had a postural headache resulting from an inadvertent dural puncture (despite in 64 cases the provision of an epidural drip) and 50 had headache following a spinal block. Experience suggested that it is advisable to inject 20 ml of blood unless during the course of injection the patient complains of pain or discomfort. Blood should also be taken for culture. In only one patient (who had three dural punctures) of the 98 so treated has the patch failed to relieve the headache. Arguments are presented against the use of a prophylactic patch, and against utilisation of the epidural catheter as a route for injecting the patch.
Tracheostomy tube connections for infant patients
Authors: INKSTER J.S. , BRAY R.J. , MAYBEE L. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAttachments to tracheostomy tubes for infant patients are described. These ensure that secure fixation in the optimal position is attained and, in the semi‐permanent tracheostomy, prevent accidental occlusion of the tracheostome.
Vessel puncture with epidural catheters
Authors: VERNIQUET A.J.W. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe reported incidence of blood vessel puncture after placement of a needle and catheter into the lumbar epidural space in obstetric practice appears to vary between 1 and 10%. This study was undertaken to assess the incidence of blood vessel puncture related to catheter insertion. Two methods of catheter placement were used to see if there were any difference in the incidence of vessel puncture. The incidence of blood vessel puncture after direct catheter placement was found to be 9% compared to 3% after prior injection of 10 ml of 0·5 % plain bupivacaine into the epidural space, (p = 0·05)
Postoperative pain prevention by continuous epidural infusion
Authors: ROSS R.A. , CLARKE J.E. , ARMITAGE E.N. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA method for postoperative pain prevention is described using epidural bupivacaine infused by means of a variable rate peristaltic pump. High plasma concentrations of bupivacaine were found but no serious signs of bupivacaine toxicity were observed and the method proved satisfactory in practice. Theoretical and practical considerations and aspects of clinical management are discussed.
Dysrhythmias during oral surgery
Authors: WRIGHT C.J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryContinuous electrocardiographic monitoring was employed in one hundred healthy adult patients during minor oral surgery under either halothane or enflurane anaesthesia. A significantly lower incidence of cardiac dysrhythmia during enflurane anaesthesia was observed and this suggests that enflurane may be the agent of choice, particularly in patients at risk because of cardiac disease.
Metoprolol in anaesthesia for oral surgery
Authors: WHITEHEAD M. H. , WHITMARSH V. B. , HORTON J. N. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryMetoprolol, a cardioselective beta‐adrenergic blocking drug, was given, with a placebo as an alternative, in a double‐blind trial to 60 patients who were undergoing removal of third molar teeth under general anaesthesia. Dysrhythmias occurred in significantly fewer patients in the metoprolol group than in the control group, and when ventricular dysrhythmias occurred they were abolished in every case by the administration of metoprolol. It is concluded that metoprolol is effective in preventing cardiac dysrhythmias occurring during oral surgery carried out under general anaesthesia.
Agent‐specific filling devices
Authors: O'CARROLL T.M. , GREENBAUM R. , THORNTON P.G.N. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTwo prototype agent‐specific devices have been tested and neither in its present form is ideal. Filling of vaporisers may be delegated to inexperienced persons, but the devices tested do not ensure that vaporisers can only be filled with the correct agent. Significant atmospheric pollution with the volatile anaesthetic agent may occur at the time of filling. At present, the devices are limited to three agents, enflurane, halothane and methoxyflurane.
Emotional reactions during lumbar extradural anaesthesia
Authors: Donchin Y. , Katz A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe degree of anxiety of 26 male and female patients undergoing hernia repair while receiving lumbar extradural anaesthesia was measured using the galvanic skin response. The single, most anxiety‐provoking feature during the surgical procedures proved to be verbal interactions directly concerned with the patient's well‐being. The psychological implications of this feature are discussed.
The audiovisual reaction time test
Authors: GRANT I.S. , SMITH G. , SHIRLEY A. W. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryRecovery from anaesthesia with Althesin, nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane was assessed in 29 female patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery using an audiovisual reaction time test. A further 29 female patients not undergoing anaesthesia or surgery were subjected to the audiovisual reaction time test at similar time intervals as the anaesthetised group. The mean reaction time was significantly greater at 40 min after induction (p <0·01) and equal to the pre‐anaesthetic value at 100 min after induction. Similar decreases in mean reaction times in both anaesthetised and control subjects occurred at between 100 and 160 min which presumably reflects a learning effect, but this change was not significant.
Continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia
Authors: Bailey P.W. , Smith B.E. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl was used for control of postoperative pain in a series of 30 patients who had received an epidural anaesthetic for general surgical procedures. Fentanyl was originally administered at a maximal rate of 50 μg/hr but later reduced to 25 μg/hour or less. Satisfactory analgesia was provided in 24 patients, who required no other form of analgesia whatsoever. Three patients derived significant analgesia from the infusion, but did require occasional small supplementary doses of opiates. Three patients derived little or no benefit from the procedure. The only noticeable side effect was nausea and vomiting, which was less of a feature with the weaker solution.The method was used on general surgical wards with no extra demands being made on nursing staff. Many nursing procedures and physiotherapy could be carried out more conveniently than usual in the postoperative period.
Atropine—a safe drug
Authors: ARTHURS G.J. , DAVIES R. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThree children received 1000 limes the prescribed dose of atropine sulphate and recovered from the main effects of excitatory behaviour and hallucinations in 48 hours. Diazepam was effective in the control of this behaviour. It is suggested that physostigmine should be available where atropine and hyoscine are used or where overdoses are managed.
The Norfolk and Norwich infusion box
Authors: CHAPMAN ROBERT B. , KEEP PHILIP 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAn apparatus is described to facilitate the pressurisation of plastic fluid containers during rapid intravenous infusion.The advantages offered by this system over the ‘infusion cuff’ method include greater mechanical stability, faster pressurisation and change‐over of infusion containers and clear visibility of the contents of the containers.
Anaesthesia for carotid artery surgery
Authors: ERWIN DIANA , PICK M. J. , TAYLOR G. W. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTwenty‐one carotid endarterectomies were performed on 18 patients anaesthetised using droperidol, fentanyl and a cervical plexus block. This technique permitted testing for motor function during carotid clamping, and allowed the operation to proceed safely without a shunt in the majority of patients.