bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Framingham risk score to predict the presence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chung Cecilia P , Oeser Annette , Avalos Ingrid , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Shintani Ayumi , Raggi Paolo , Sokka Tuulikki , Pincus Theodore , Stein C Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe prevalence of ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the general population, but not in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the Framingham risk score identifies patients at increased cardiovascular risk and helps determine the need for preventive interventions. We examined the hypothesis that the Framingham score is increased and associated with coronary-artery atherosclerosis in patients with RA. The Framingham score and the 10-year cardiovascular risk were compared among 155 patients with RA (89 with early disease, 66 with long-standing disease) and 85 control subjects. The presence of coronary-artery calcification was determined by electron-beam computed tomography. The Framingham score was compared in patients with RA and control subjects, and the association between the risk score and coronary-artery calcification was examined in patients. Patients with long-standing RA had a higher Framingham score (14 [11 to 18]) (median [interquartile range]) compared to patients with early RA (11 [8 to 14]) or control subjects (12 [7 to 14], P < 0.001). This remained significant after adjustment for age and gender (P = 0.015). Seventy-six patients with RA had coronary calcification; their Framingham risk score was higher (14 [12 to 17]) than that of 79 patients without calcification (10 [5 to 14]) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a higher Framingham score was associated with a higher calcium score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.29, P < 0.001), and the association remained significant after adjustment for age and gender (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.29, P = 0.03). In conclusion, a higher Framingham risk score is independently associated with the presence of coronary calcification in patients with RA.
Fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma peptide-YY levels are elevated in critical illness and associated with feed intolerance: an observational, controlled study
Authors: Nguyen Nam Q , Fraser Robert JL , Chapman Marianne , Bryant Laura K , Wishart Judith , Holloway Richard H , Horowitz Michael 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance occur frequently in the critically ill. In these patients, gastric motor responses to nutrients are disturbed. Peptide YY (PYY) slows gastric emptying. The aim of this study was to determine fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma PYY concentrations and their relationship to cholecystokinin (CCK) in critically ill patients.

Methods
Studies were performed in 19 unselected mechanically ventilated critically ill patients (12 males; 48 ± 7 years old) in a randomised, single-blind fashion. Subjects received a 60-minute duodenal infusion of Ensure® at either 1 or 2 kcal/minute. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 20, 40, 60, and 180 minutes following commencement of the nutrient infusion for the measurement of plasma PYY and CCK concentrations (using radioimmunoassay). Patient data were compared to 24 healthy subjects (17 males; 43 ± 2 years old).

Results
Fasting PYY concentration was higher in patients (P < 0.05), particularly in those with feed intolerance (P < 0.05). Plasma PYY concentrations were higher in patients during nutrient infusion (area under the curve [AUC] at 1 kcal/minute: 2,265 ± 718 versus 1,125 ± 138 pmol/l.min, P < 0.05; at 2 kcal/minute: 2,276 ± 303 versus 1,378 ± 210 pmol/l.min, P = 0.01) compared to healthy subjects. The magnitude of PYY elevation was greater in patients during the 1 kcal/minute infusion (AUC: 441 ± 153 versus 186 ± 58 pmol/l.min, P < 0.05), but not the 2 kcal/minute infusion. Fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma CCK concentrations were higher in patients (P < 0.05). There was a relationship between plasma PYY and CCK concentrations during fasting (r = 0.52, P < 0.05) and nutrient infusion (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
In critical illness, both fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma PYY concentrations are elevated, particularly in patients with feed intolerance, in conjunction with increased CCK concentrations.
Microcirculatory alterations induced by sedation in intensive care patients. Effects of midazolam alone and in association with sufentanil
Authors: Lamblin Veronique , Favory Raphael , Boulo Marie , Mathieu Daniel 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Sedation is widely used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients to limit the risk of pulmonary barotrauma and to decrease oxygen needs. However, adverse effects of cc5128sedation have not been fully evaluated; in particular, effects of benzodiazepine and opiates on microcirculation have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microcirculatory effects of a sedation protocol commonly prescribed in the ICU.

Methods
Ten non-septic patients under controlled ventilation requiring sedation for therapeutic purposes were enrolled in a prospective observational study conducted in an ICU of a university hospital. Sedation was conducted in two successive steps: first, each patient received midazolam (0.1 mg/kg per hour after a bolus of 0.05 mg/kg, then adapted to reach a Ramsay score of between 3 and 5). Second, after one hour, sufentanil was added (0.1 μg/kg per hour after a bolus of 0.1 μg/kg). Arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output determined by transthoracic impedance, transcutaneous oxygen (tcPO2) and carbon dioxide (tcPCO2) pressures, and microcirculatory blood flow determined by laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and during a reactive hyperaemia challenge were measured before sedation (NS period), one hour after midazolam infusion (H period), and one hour after midazolam-sufentanil infusion (HS period).

Results
Arterial pressure decreased in both sedation periods, but heart rate, cardiac output, tcPO2, and tcPCO2 remained unchanged. In both sedation periods, microcirculatory changes occurred with an increase in cutaneous blood flow at rest (H period: 207 ± 25 perfusion units [PU] and HS period: 205 ± 25 PU versus NS period: 150 ± 22 PU, p < 0.05), decreased response to ischaemia (variation of blood flow to peak: H period: 97 ± 16 PU and HS period: 73 ± 9 PU versus NS period: 141 ± 14 PU, p < 0.05), and attenuation of vasomotion.

Conclusion
Sedation with midazolam or a combination of midazolam and sufentanil induces a deterioration of vasomotion and microvascular response to ischaemia, raising the question of whether this effect may further alter tissue perfusion when already compromised, as in septic patients.
Reorganization of the human neutrophil plasma membrane is associated with functional priming: implications for neutrophil preparations
Authors: Stie Jamal , Jesaitis Algirdas J 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChanges in the functional and plasma membrane organizational states of human neutrophils were examined using two isolation procedures, which may simulate altered physiological states in vivo. A gelatin-based method of blood-neutrophil isolation was used to model in vivo priming, and neutrophils isolated by this method were compared with control populations prepared by a pyrogen-free, dextran-based method. Gelatin-prepared neutrophils were functionally primed for adherence and agonist-stimulated superoxide generation relative to unprimed, control neutrophils. The organizational state of the membrane cortex was examined by mapping the subcellular distribution of select cortical and transmembrane proteins by several methods, including subcellular fractionation, indirect immunofluorescence, and compositional analysis of Triton X-100-insoluble membrane skeleton preparations. Filamentous actin, fodrin, and the fodrin anchor, CD45, were largely cytoplasmic in unprimed neutrophils but translocated to plasma membranes upon priming, whereas CD43 and ezrin were exclusively surface-associated in both populations. Isopycnic sucrose density gradient analysis of N2-cavitated neutrophils revealed a major shift in the distribution of surface-associated transmembrane and membrane cortical components relative to the plasma membrane marker alkaline phosphatase in primed but not unprimed neutrophils. Similar results were obtained after neutrophil stimulation with known priming agents, LPS, TNF-α, or GM-CSF. Together, these results may suggest that priming of suspended, circulating neutrophils is associated with a large-scale reorganization of the plasma membrane and associated membrane cortex in a process that is independent of cellular adhesion and gross morphologic polarization.
Cost impact analysis of requirement changes in the automotive industry: A case study
Authors: Oduguwa P A , Roy R , Sackett P J 
Published: December 2006

Many complex products are now developed collaboratively across enterprises in a geographically extended and time-extended process. High-frequency changes to the initial design requirements are typically requested; this is due to service needs, legislative directives, and market feedback. Responding to these requirement changes requires a cost impact analysis. This paper presents a methodology to determine costs rapidly and accurately when requirement changes are proposed during the design development phase of the life cycle development of a complex product. The methodology combines a system representation technique with rule-based cost estimation to determine the incurred cost of requirement changes. The approach is suited to managing requirement changes when the product definition is performed across an extended enterprise. The authors describe the results of research conducted in a collaborative development environment between an automotive original equipment manufacturer and a tier 1 supplier. A case study illustrates the application and the capability of the approach. The methodology aids the original equipment manufacturer and the tier 1 suppliers in their decision making throughout the product development phase. The research identifies relationships between requirements, design solutions, and cost drivers. The resultant methodology has widespread application in the context of complex product.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis simulations of the fused deposition modelling process
Authors: Zhang Y , Chou Y K 
Published: December 2006

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-manufacturing technology that has been widely used for rapid prototyping applications in product design and development. Owing to the intensive energy, rapid cooling, and phase changes, parts made by FDM and other layer-manufacturing processes deviate from the designed geometry, and some require laborious post-processing. Most severe form inaccuracies such as curl, warping, and delamination are attributed to the residual stress accumulations during prototype fabrications. This study investigates the FDM process, which consists of complicated heat and mass transfer phenomena coupled with mechanical loading and phase changes. A finite element analysis model using element activations has been developed to simulate the mechanical and thermal phenomena in FDM and further used for residual stress and part distortion simulations. The model has also been used to study the tool-path effects on the FDM process. Tool-path patterns affect the residual stresses in not only the magnitude but also the distribution which shows stress concentrations aligned with the primary direction of the tool path. Measured prototypes from the experiment show that the part distortion centre shifts distinctly owing to different tool-path patterns, which is consistent with the residual stress characteristics in the simulations. From the simulations, it is also shown that the short-raster tool path results in higher residual stresses, and thus possibly larger distortions, than the long-raster and alternate-raster patterns, both having similar stress distributions and distortion features.
HPLC–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method to Characterize Resveratrol Metabolism in Humans
Authors: Urpi-Sarda Mireia , Zamora-Ros Raul , Lamuela-Raventos Rosa , Cherubini Antonio , Jauregui Olga , de la Torre Rafael , Covas Maria Isabel , Estruch Ramon , Jaeger Walter , Andres-Lacueva Cristina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: Nutritional biomarkers are alternatives to traditional dietary assessment tools. We sought to develop a method for nutritional analysis of resveratrol, a phenolic compound with purported health-promoting properties, and to determine all resveratrol metabolites.Methods: We obtained LDL and urine samples from 11 healthy male volunteers who had consumed 250 mL of Merlot red wine. We measured resveratrol and its metabolites with 96-well solid-phase extraction plates coupled with HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Hexestrol was used as the internal standard. Gradient chromatography in multiple reaction monitoring mode was performed on a Luna C18 column, maintained at 40 °C; m/z transitions were as follows: resveratrol, 227/185; resveratrol glucosides, 389/227; resveratrol glucuronides, 403/227; resveratrol sulfates, 307/227; taxifolin, 303/285; and hexestrol, 269/134.Results: Standard calibration curves were linear at 4.4–3289.5 nmol/L. Residual analyses were 100% (3.2) for trans-resveratrol and 100% (11.1) for trans-piceid. In both matrices, imprecision (CV) was &lt;10.8% at all concentrations. Detection limits for resveratrol were 0.2 nmol/L (LDL), 0.3 nmol/L (synthetic urine), and 4.0 nmol/L (blank urine). Resveratrol and metabolites were checked for stability, and no degradation was observed.Conclusions: The HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry method enabled us to identify resveratrol sulfates in human LDL and to characterize the complete profile of resveratrol metabolism in human LDL and urine. This method provides an accurate index of exposure to resveratrol and its metabolites, which can be used as nutritional biomarkers for evaluating the biological effects of moderate wine intake on human health.
Persistent Dopamine Functions of Neurons Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells in a Rodent Model of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez Jose A. , Lu Jian-Qiang , Velasco Iván , Rivera Seth , Zoghbi Sami S. , Liow Jeih-San , Musachio John L. , Chin Frederick T. , Toyama Hiroshi , Seidel Jurgen , Green Michael V. , Thanos Panayotis K. , Ichise Masanori , Pike Victor W. , Innis Robert B. , McKay Ron D. G. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The derivation of dopamine neurons is one of the best examples of the clinical potential of embryonic stem (ES) cells, but the long-term function of the grafted neurons has not been established. Here, we show that, after transplantation into an animal model, neurons derived from mouse ES cells survived for over 32 weeks, maintained midbrain markers, and had sustained behavioral effects. Microdialysis in grafted animals showed that dopamine (DA) release was induced by depolarization and pharmacological stimulants. Positron emission tomography measured the expression of presynaptic dopamine transporters in the graft and also showed that the number of postsynaptic DA D2 receptors was normalized in the host striatum. These data suggest that ES cell-derived neurons show DA release and reuptake and stimulate appropriate postsynaptic responses for long periods after implantation. This work supports continued interest in ES cells as a source of functional DA neurons.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Agreement between computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
Authors: Suwankong Niyada , Voorhout George , Hazewinkel Herman A. W. , Meij Björn P. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To assess the extent of agreement between computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and surgical findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis.
Design—Observational study.
Animals—35 dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis.
Procedures—Results of preoperative CT and MRI were compared with surgical findings with respect to degree and location of disk protrusion, position of the dural sac, amount of epidural fat, and swelling of spinal nerve roots.
Results—A lumbosacral step was seen on radiographic images from 22 of 32 (69%) dogs, on CT images from 23 of 35 (66%) dogs, and on MR images from 21 of 35 (60%) dogs. Most dogs had slight or moderate disk protrusion that was centrally located. There was substantial or near perfect agreement between CT and MRI findings in regard to degree of disk protrusion (kappa, 0.88), location of disk protrusion (0.63), position of the dural sac (0.89), amount of epidural fat (0.72), and swelling of spinal nerve roots (0.60). The degree of agreement between CT and surgical findings and between MRI and surgical findings was moderate in regard to degree and location of disk protrusion (kappa, 0.44 to 0.56) and swelling of spinal nerve roots (0.40 and 0.50).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that there is a high degree of agreement between CT and MRI findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis but that the degree of agreement between diagnostic imaging findings and surgical findings is lower.
Idiopathic primary chylopericardium in a dog
Authors: Boston Sarah E. , Moens Noël M. , Martin Dawn M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 7-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was evaluated because of pericardial effusion.
Clinical Findings—The dog had a history of decreased appetite and exercise intolerance of 3 days' duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade; no pleural effusion was identified. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of chylous fluid. A diagnosis of chylopericardium in the absence of pleural effusion was made.
Treatment and Outcome—Conservative management was not effective, and subtotal pericardectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. Surgery was postponed by the owners for 25 days, at which time the dog had both chylopericardium and chylothorax. The dog underwent subtotal pericardectomy and thoracic duct ligation; to delineate the thoracic duct, intraoperative lymphangiography was performed by injection of a radiopaque contrast agent directly into a mesenteric lymph node and subsequent injection of methylene blue solution into another mesenteric lymph node. Surgical treatment resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs and pleural effusion.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium prior to development of chylothorax in a dog. Treatment with thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy resulted in complete resolution of the effusion and clinical signs.
Iridium‐Catalysed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Vinylsilanes as a Route to Optically Active Silanes
Authors: Källström Klas , Munslow Ian J. , Hedberg Christian , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe first use of vinylsilanes as substrates in the asymmetric iridium‐catalysed hydrogenation is reported, providing products with enantioselectivities of up to 98 %.
Microwave‐Accelerated Coupling‐Isomerization Reaction (MACIR) – A General Coupling‐Isomerization Synthesis of 1,3‐Diarylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones
Authors: Schramm (née Dediu) Oana G. , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe microwave‐accelerated coupling‐isomerization reaction (MACIR) of (hetero)aryl halides and propargyl alcohols represents a general Pd/Cu and base‐catalyzed process for the synthesis of 3‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones in good yields.
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are not neophobic toward novel food with a high sugar content
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWhile we know that food neophobia in nonhuman primates is affected by social factors, little is known about how palatability, and specifically sugar content, might ameliorate a monkey's hesitancy to eat a novel food. It is likely that an innate preference for sweet substances would alter an animal's typical neophobic response. To test this, I presented nine male rhesus macaques with novel foods that contained a low, high, or no amount of sugar. As expected, the monkeys exhibited a neophobic response to the no‐sugar novel foods but not to the high‐sugar novel foods. Previous research on food neophobia may need to be reevaluated in light of the effects of sugar content on the neophobic response. Am. J. Primatol. 69:591–596, 2007.© 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of β‐depsipeptides: The effect of missing hydrogen‐bond donors on their folding equilibria
Authors: Gattin Zrinka , Glättli Alice , Jaun Bernhard , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: December 2006

Abstractβ‐Depsipeptides are β‐peptides in which one or more peptide linkages are replaced by ester linkages, resulting in a loss of a hydrogen‐bond donor (NH) and weakening of the corresponding carbonyl hydrogen‐bond acceptor moiety. The effects of three of such peptide by ester substitutions in a hepta‐β‐peptide upon its (un)folding equilibrium in methanol solution are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and compared to experimental data from NMR spectroscopy. The simulated conformational ensembles largely reproduce the experimentally measured NOE and 3J‐coupling constant data for the three different hepta‐β‐peptides, and confirm the relative stabilities of the 314‐helical conformation, which is most weakened by substitution of the 4th peptide linkage and least by substitution of the 6th peptide linkage. The simulations are complementary to the experimental data by providing detailed insight into the conformational distributions that are compatible with the experimentally measured average values of observables. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85:318–332, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Decreased pCO2 accumulation by eliminating bicarbonate addition to high cell‐density cultures
Authors: Goudar Chetan T. , Matanguihan Ricaredo , Long Edward , Cruz Christopher , Zhang Chun , Piret James M. , Konstantinov Konstantin B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHigh‐density perfusion cultivation of mammalian cells can result in elevated bioreactor CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), a condition that can negatively influence growth, metabolism, productivity, and protein glycosylation. For BHK cells in a perfusion culture at 20 × 106 cells/mL, the bioreactor pCO2 exceeded 225 mm Hg with approximate contributions of 25% from cellular respiration, 35% from medium NaHCO3, and 40% from NaHCO3 added for pH control. Recognizing the limitations to the practicality of gas sparging for CO2 removal in perfusion systems, a strategy based on CO2 reduction at the source was investigated. The NaHCO3 in the medium was replaced with a MOPS–Histidine buffer, while Na2CO3 replaced NaHCO3 for pH control. These changes resulted in 63–70% pCO2 reductions in multiple 15 L perfusion bioreactors, and were reproducible at the manufacturing‐scale. Bioreactor pCO2 values after these modifications were in the 68–85 mm Hg range, pCO2 reductions consistent with those theoretically expected. Low bioreactor pCO2 was accompanied by both 68–123% increased growth rates and 58–92% increased specific productivity. Bioreactor pCO2 reduction and the resulting positive implications for cell growth and productivity were brought about by process changes that were readily implemented and robust. This philosophy of pCO2 reduction at the source through medium and base modification should be readily applicable to large‐scale fed‐batch cultivation of mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:1107–1117. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.