bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Microbiota in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Measured by Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Nonnenmacher Claudia , Stelzel Michael , Susin Cristiano , Sattler Alexander M. , Schaefer Juergen R. , Maisch Bernhard , Mutters Reinier , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin 
Published: August 2007

Background: Recent data have shown that periodontal disease may increase the risk of occurrence of coronary heart disease in which inflammation initiated by bacteria and their compounds might be a common causal factor. This case‐control study aimed at studying the relationship between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) based on clinical and periodontal microbiologic parameters.Methods: A total of 90 male subjects, 48 to 80 years of age, were included in this study. Forty‐five men had CAD (CAD+), which was confirmed by coronary angiography. Forty‐five age‐matched controls showed no history or symptoms of CAD (CAD−). All subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination including assessment of tooth loss, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. In the CAD+ group, this examination took place 1 day before coronary angiography. Subgingival microbial samples were taken and evaluated by means of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the total amount of bacteria and the following periodontopathogens: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra (formerly Micromonas micros), Dialister pneumosintes, and Campylobacter rectus.Results: Compared to control subjects, CAD+ subjects had significantly deeper pockets (2.28 mm versus 2.96 mm; P <0.001) and greater attachment loss (2.85 mm versus 3.65 mm; P <0.001), and this difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for smoking. No significant differences were observed between cases and controls with regard to the number of teeth present. P. intermedia was the only periodontal pathogen that showed significantly higher mean counts in CAD+ subjects compared to CAD− subjects. Higher counts of total bacteria, P. micra, D. pneumosintes, and C. rectus were found in the CAD− group.Conclusion: The results suggest that a relationship between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease exists, although P. intermedia was the only periodontopathogen related to CAD.
Comparison Between Full‐Mouth Scaling and Root Planing and Quadrant‐Wise Basic Therapy of Aggressive Periodontitis: 6‐Month Clinical Results
Authors: Moreira Rafael M. , Feres‐Filho Eduardo J. 
Published: August 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are no differences in clinical parameters in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients after full‐mouth scaling and root planing (FRP) or quadrant‐wise basic periodontal therapy (BPT) when combined with an antibiotic regimen.Methods: Patients were allocated randomly to BPT (N = 15; mean age: 29.5 ± 5.7 years) or FRP (N = 15; mean age: 28.4 ± 5.7 years). All subjects received oral hygiene instructions including the use of a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse solution twice a day for 2 months. Patients also received amoxicillin, 500 mg, and metronidazole, 250 mg, three times a day for 7 days. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, visible plaque, and bleeding on probing were recorded at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months post‐therapy. Statistically significant changes within and between groups were determined using the general linear model repeated measures procedure.Results: Both groups showed a significant improvement in all clinical parameters post‐therapy, which was particularly evident at 2 months in the sites that had been deepest at baseline. For instance, the mean PD at sites with mean PD ≥7 mm at baseline had decreased 3.9 mm in the BPT group and 3.6 mm in the FRP group. At 6 months, the percentage of sites with PD ≥7 mm decreased from 13.2% ± 3.2% to 0% in the BPT group and from 13.3% ± 3.5% to 0.2% ± 0.1% in the FRP group. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for most clinical parameters.Conclusion: Within the limits of the present investigation, FRP and BPT caused comparable clinical effects in aggressive periodontitis patients when an adjunctive combined antibiotic regimen was included.
Nfic Gene Disruption Inhibits Differentiation of Odontoblasts Responsible for Root Formation and Results in Formation of Short and Abnormal Roots in Mice
Authors: Park Joo‐Cheol , Herr Yeek , Kim Heung‐Joong , Gronostajski Richard M. , Cho Moon‐Il 
Published: August 2007

Background: Nuclear factor I genes play an important role in the development of the brain, lung, and roots of teeth. We had reported that Nfic‐deficient mice form normal crowns, but abnormal roots of molar teeth. However, the mechanism by which the disruption of Nfic gene causes abnormal root formation remains unknown.Methods: To understand this mechanism, the root formation in Nfic‐deficient mice was examined and compared to that of wild‐type mice by morphological, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization analyses.Results: Nfic‐deficient mice formed normal Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) but severely disrupted odontoblast differentiation, leading to the formation of aberrant odontoblasts in the early stage of root formation. They became dissociated and polygonal in shape, lost their orientation and polarity, and did not express dentin sialophosphoprotein. The abnormal roots contained trapped aberrant odontoblasts, thereby resembling osteodentin in overall morphology. No osteoclasts were associated with abnormal roots. Further, the abnormal roots exhibited a decreased number of cementoblasts and cementum formation on the root surface.Conclusions: The loss of Nfic did not interfere with the formation of HERS, but it caused disrupted odontoblast differentiation, which resulted in the formation of short and abnormal roots, and decreased cementum. This finding suggests that root dentin is required for normal cementum formation. Therefore, Nfic may be a key regulator of root odontoblast differentiation and root formation.
Periodontitis Associated With Hajdu‐Cheney Syndrome
Authors: Bazopoulou‐Kyrkanidou Euterpe , Vrahopoulos Theofilos P. , Eliades George , Vastardis Heleni , Tosios Konstantinos , Vrotsos Ioannis A. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Hajdu‐Cheney syndrome (HCS) is an inheritable, rare disorder of bone metabolism, associated with acro‐osteolysis of the distal phalanges, short stature, distinctive craniofacial and skull changes, premature tooth loss, and periodontitis. This report focuses on the periodontal manifestations of HCS.Methods: A 22‐year‐old female presented with the characteristic clinical features of HCS, including short stature, small face, prominent epicanthal folds, thin lips, small mouth, and short hands. There were no abnormal biochemical, hematological, or hormonal data. Tests for bone mineral density were indicative of osteoporosis. Cephalometric analysis revealed hypoplasia of the midface and increased cranial base angle; the maxilla and the mandible were set posteriorly. The sella turcica was enlarged, elongated, and wide open with slender clinoids. Hair samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and tooth cementum and dentin were evaluated histologically.Results: According to the periodontal evaluation, gingival inflammation was 12.5%, bleeding on probing score was 24%, probing depths averaged 4 to 6 mm, and clinical attachment loss averaged 3 to 6 mm. Class II furcations were found on three teeth. Almost all teeth exhibited pathological mobility of varying degrees. There was a generalized, horizontal bone loss of ∼50%. Three teeth had to be extracted because of severe localized periodontal destruction. Histologic examination of the dentin and the cementum was normal.Conclusions: HCS periodontitis is associated with an unpredictable and uneven, rapid rate of periodontal destruction of unknown etiology. Further research is required to identify the role of the possible pathogenic factors involved.
Increasing the Apico‐Coronal Dimension of Attached Gingiva Using the Modified Apically Repositioned Flap Technique: A Case Series With a 6‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Carnio João , Camargo Paulo M. , Passanezi Euloir 
Published: August 2007

Background: This case series reports on the effectiveness of the modified apically repositioned flap (MARF) in increasing the apico‐coronal dimension of attached gingiva over multiple adjacent teeth.Methods: The MARF surgical technique consists of a single horizontal incision within keratinized tissue, elevation of a split‐thickness flap, and suturing of the flap to the periosteum in an apical position. The periosteum is left exposed so that the full perimeter of the wound is surrounded by keratinized tissue. The nature of this wound healing leads to the formation of new keratinized and attached tissue in the area where periosteum is left exposed. A total of 37 areas in 33 systemically healthy patients were analyzed after treatment with the MARF technique. The treatment areas consisted of a minimum of two and a maximum of five adjacent teeth with a minimum of 0.5 mm and a maximum of 2.0 mm of attached gingiva on each tooth.Results: Treatment with MARF resulted in a significant increase in the apico‐coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue and attached gingiva (P <0.05). The increase in keratinized tissue ranged from 2.20 to 4.28 mm, and the increase in attached gingiva ranged from 1.0 to 3.14 mm. Gingival recession decreased significantly in the treated areas, but the difference was of little clinical significance. Probing depths in the treated areas did not change significantly compared to baseline values.Conclusions: MARF is an effective technique in increasing the apico‐coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue and attached gingiva. MARF offers considerable advantages over other mucogingival surgery techniques: simplicity, limited chair time for the patient and the operator, low morbidity because of the absence of palatal donor tissue, and a predictable tissue color match.
Lutheran Blood Group Antigen as a Receptor for α5 Laminins in Gingival Epithelia
Authors: Willberg Jaana , Hormia Marketta , Takkunen Minna , Kikkawa Yamato , Sekiguchi Kiyotoshi , Virtanen Ismo 
Published: August 2007

Background: Lutheran blood group glycoprotein (Lu) is a transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Lu serves as a receptor for α5 laminins (Lm). The Lm α5 chain is a constituent of Lms‐511 and ‐521. Lm‐511 is found in most human basement membranes (BMs) and also is detected in BM of gingival epithelia. Recent studies indicated that Lu mediates cell adhesion to Lms‐511/521 independently or in concert with integrins. This study focused on the expression of Lu in gingival epithelia and on cultured immortalized gingival keratinocytes. The role of Lu and α3 and β1 integrin subunits in the adhesion of oral epithelial cells to Lms‐511/521 was also studied.Methods: Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to study the expression of Lu in gingival tissues and in cultured gingival keratinocytes. Immunoprecipitation of radioactively metabolically labeled cells was used to detect Lu. Cell adhesion to Lm‐511/521 preparation and to pure Lm‐511 was studied in quantitative cell adhesion experiments. Morphological adhesion assays were carried out for visualization of the morphology and adhesion structure formation of the adhering cells.Results: Immunofluorescence studies on gingiva showed complete coalignment of Lu on basal epithelial cells with the BM Lm α5 chain. A surface‐confined, punctate immunoreaction for Lu was detected throughout cell surfaces on cultured gingival cells. Immunoprecipitation showed a broad polypeptide with molecular weight 85,000. In quantitative cell adhesion assays, the adhesion of cells to both Lm α5 preparations was diminished with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against integrin α3 and even more effectively with MAbs against the β1 subunit. When the adhesion sites were blocked with soluble recombinant Lu (sol‐Lu), the adhesion of gingival epithelial cells to Lms‐511/521 was reduced significantly, and sol‐Lu increased the inhibition with integrin α3 antibody. Lm‐511 did not induce lamellipodia or focal contacts in cultured gingival keratinocytes.Conclusions: Lu was in coalignment with Lm α5 chain in gingival epithelia. Lu also seemed to have a role in gingival epithelial cell adhesion together with integrin α3β1.
Root Surface Biomodification With EDTA for the Treatment of Gingival Recession With a Semilunar Coronally Repositioned Flap
Authors: Bittencourt Sandro , Ribeiro Érica Del Peloso , Sallum Enilson Antônio , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Casati Márcio Zaffalon 
Published: August 2007

Background: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the outcome of gingival recession therapy using the semilunar coronally repositioned flap (SCRF) with or without EDTA application for root surface biomodification.Methods: Fifteen patients with bilateral Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions (≤4.0 mm) were selected. Thirty teeth with recessions were assigned randomly to receive the semilunar coronally repositioned flap with (SCRF‐E group) or without (SCRF group) the application of an EDTA gel. Recession height (RH), recession width (RW), width (WKT) and thickness of keratinized tissue, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 6 months post‐surgery. Patient perception of root sensitivity and postoperative pain also was evaluated.Results: Both treatments yielded significant improvements in terms of RH and RW decrease and CAL gain compared to baseline values. For SCRF‐E and SCRF, the average root coverage was 70.2% and 90.1%, respectively (P = 0.01), and the complete root coverage was 40.0% and 66.7%, respectively. Only the SCRF group had a significant (P <0.05) increase in WKT. The SCRF group showed a greater reduction (P <0.05) in RW and RH compared to the SCRF‐E group. No patient in either group reported any pain during the postoperative course; however, 6 months later, patients in the SCRF‐E group complained more of residual or new root sensitivity compared to patients in the SCRF group.Conclusion: The use of EDTA gel as a root surface biomodifier agent negatively affected the outcome of root coverage with the SCRF.
Implant Placement With or Without Simultaneous Tooth Extraction in Patients Taking Oral Bisphosphonates: Postoperative Healing, Early Follow‐Up, and the Incidence of Complications in Two Private Practices
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. , Lightfoot W. Scott , Jaffin Robert , Kumar Ashkay 
Published: August 2007

Background: The development of bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis in patients with a history of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy is a significant cause of concern in clinical periodontal practice. The role of oral bisphosphonates in the development of bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis is less clear. This article documents the results of treatment of patients with a history of oral bisphosphonate therapy in two private periodontal practices. The study was a retrospective analysis of case records of patients treated as part of routine periodontal and implant treatment.Methods: Patients with a history of oral bisphosphonate therapy of various durations were treated with implant placement and restoration or tooth extraction, immediate placement, and restoration. These patients were followed for 12 to 24 months after implant placement. The incidence of hard and soft tissue complications, including the development of osteonecrosis, was noted.Results: No osteonecrosis was noted immediately postoperatively or during the follow‐up period in 61 patients. One patient demonstrated a small tissue dehiscence at the 1‐week postoperative examination following extraction of a mandibular first molar and simultaneous implant placement in the area of a prominent torus. No other postoperative complications were noted. All implants were functioning successfully by the Albrektsson criteria 12 to 24 months post‐insertion.Conclusions: A history of oral bisphosphonate use for a mean period of 3.3 years (range, 1 to 5 years) was not found to be a contributing factor to the development of osteonecrosis following implant placement in intact ridges or tooth extraction with immediate implant placement. However, there is no doubt that larger controlled studies and retrospective reports are needed.
Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Augment Bone‐Resorbing Factor Production From Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Motohira Hitoshi , Hayashi Joichiro , Tatsumi Junichi , Tajima Masamichi , Sakagami Hiroshi , Shin Kitetsu 
Published: August 2007

Background: Oxygen deficiency caused by occlusal trauma and smoking may be associated with bone resorption in periodontitis. In the present study, the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on the production of bone‐resorbing factors by cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were examined.Methods: Human PDL cells were cultured in 1% O2 (hypoxia), 20% O2 (normal oxygen tension [normoxia]), or an oxygen concentration that went from 1% to 20% (reoxygenation). The concentrations of bone‐resorbing factors, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)‐6 and ‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in the cell culture supernatants were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of the corresponding mRNAs was detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: Significantly higher extracellular concentrations of VEGF and IL‐6 were detected along with greater corresponding mRNA expression in the hypoxia group compared to the normoxia group. The protein production and mRNA expression of IL‐1β were observed only in the hypoxia group. Neither TNF‐α nor PGE2 was detectable in samples from either group, whereas cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA was detected. However, PGE2 was detected after reoxygenation. Furthermore, VEGF and IL‐6 and ‐1β production also tended to increase in extracellular concentration and mRNA level after reoxygenation.Conclusion: Hypoxia and reoxygenation may stimulate the PDL to produce VEGF, IL‐6 and ‐1β, and PGE2, which could result in the resorption of alveolar bone in periodontitis.
Clinical and Microbiologic Changes Associated With the Combined Use of a Powered Toothbrush and a Triclosan/Copolymer Dentifrice: A 3‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Bogren Anna , Teles Ricardo P. , Torresyap Gay , Haffajee Anne D. , Socransky Sigmund S. , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Different means are available for self‐performed oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of a preventive homecare program including the combined use of a powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer‐containing dentifrice.Methods: A total of 160 adult subjects without signs of destructive periodontal disease were recruited for this 3‐year randomized controlled trial. The subjects were assigned to a homecare program using an oscillating/rotating powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride‐containing dentifrice (test) or a manual toothbrush and a standard fluoride‐containing dentifrice (control). Supragingival polishing and reinforcement of homecare procedures were provided every 6 months. Plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were scored at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years and were analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. All data analyses were based on “intention‐to‐treat” with the subject as the statistical unit.Results: Compared to baseline, no significant changes in clinical parameters were observed during the 3 years, except for a reduction in the mean PD at the 2‐ and 3‐year follow‐up examinations (P <0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to plaque, BOP, or PD or in the mean counts of the 40 species at any time point.Conclusion: The study failed to prove additional benefits of the combined use of a powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer‐containing dentifrice in adult subjects without signs of destructive periodontal disease.
Effects of EDTA Gel Preconditioning of Periodontally Affected Human Root Surfaces on Chlorhexidine Substantivity – An SEM Study
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Y. , Mailhot Jason M. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Infection control is an important requirement during the early stages of periodontal healing. This study was performed to assess the preconditioning effect of EDTA gel on chlorhexidine (CHX) substantivity to periodontally involved root surfaces.Methods: Eighty patients with severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. Following cause‐related therapy, patients were divided randomly into four groups. Each group consisted of 20 subjects with one tooth that was diagnosed as hopeless and designated for extraction. In group 1 (G1), selected periodontal pockets were filled with a placebo gel in a silica base for 2 minutes. Exposed roots in group 2 (G2) were etched for 2 minutes with a neutral EDTA conditioning agent, followed by pocket fill with the placebo gel. Pockets in group 3 (G3) were filled with 0.12% CHX digluconate gel in a silica base. Exposed roots in group 4 (G4) were etched for 2 minutes with a neutral EDTA conditioning agent, followed by pocket fill with the CHX gel. Four teeth from each group were extracted immediately and at 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours for SEM evaluation.Results: G1 and G2 specimens showed no evidence of silica adherent to any of the examined root surfaces. At 3 hours following CHX gel application, G3 specimens showed marked reduction in CHX‐coated silica. At 24 and 48 hours following EDTA and CHX gel application, G4 specimens demonstrated adherent CHX‐coated silica particles despite the reclogging of the tubule orifices.Conclusion: EDTA and CHX gel root conditioning is a valuable regimen that improves CHX substantivity to periodontally involved root surfaces.
Phthalic Acid and Derivatives
Authors: Lorz Peter M. , Towae Friedrich K. , Enke Walter , Jäckh Rudolf , Bhargava Naresh , Hillesheim Wolfgang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Phthalic Acid2.Phthalic Anhydride2.1.Physical Properties2.2.Chemical Properties2.3.Resources and Raw Materials2.4.Production2.4.1.Gas‐Phase Oxidation2.4.1.1.Catalyst and Reaction Mechanism2.4.1.2.Apparatus and Important Process Steps in the Gas‐Phase Oxidation ofo‐Xylene2.4.2.Fluidized‐Bed Oxidation2.4.3.Liquid‐Phase Oxidation ofo‐Xylene2.5.Environmental Protection2.6.Quality Specifications and Analysis2.7.Economic Aspects2.8.Storage and Transportation2.9.Uses3.Phthalimide3.1.Properties3.2.Production3.2.1.Production from Phthalic Anhydride and Ammonia3.2.2.Production from Phthalic Anhydride and Urea3.2.3.Production fromo‐Xylene3.3.Uses4.Phthalonitrile4.1.Properties4.2.Production4.2.1.Production fromo‐Xylene4.2.2.Production from Phthalic Acid Derivatives4.3.Uses5.Phthalates5.1.Physical and Chemical Properties5.2.Raw Materials5.3.Production5.4.Environmental Protection5.5.Quality Specifications5.6.Storage and Transportation5.7.Uses5.8.Economic Aspects6.Toxicology6.1.Use of and Exposure to Phthalic Acid and Derivatives6.2.Toxicological Profiles6.2.1Phthalic Acid6.2.2Phthalic Anhydride6.2.3Phthalimide6.2.4.Phthalonitrile6.2.5.Phthalate Esters6.2.5.1.Metabolism and Toxicokinetics6.2.5.2.Acute Toxicity6.2.5.3.Irritation and Sensitizing Potential6.2.5.4.Repeated DEHP Dosing6.2.5.5.Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity6.2.5.6.Carcinogenicity6.2.5.7.Reproductive Toxicity6.2.5.8.Effects of Phthalate Esters by Groups6.3Risk Assessment6.3.1Biomonitoring and Human Exposure to Phthalate Esters6.3.2Carcinogenicity6.3.3Toxicity to Reproduction6.4Risk Management