bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Benzo[e][1,3]thiazin‐4‐ones via PPh3‐Promoted Cyclization of Benzo[c][1,2]dithiol‐3‐ones and Amidines
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Lv Wenxin , Dong Junjie , Liu Zekai , Hu Feng , Zhou Chuncheng , Zhou Yao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA phosphine‐mediated cyclization of benzo[c][1,2]dithiol‐3‐ones and amidines is demonstrated herein. Triphenylphosphine was harnessed as the activating reagent to facilitate the ring‐opening of benzo[c][1,2]dithiol‐3‐ones via S−S bond cleavage. This PPh3‐Promoted cyclization reaction of benzo[c][1,2]dithiol‐3‐ones enabled to forge a diverse array of 1,3‐benzothiazones in decent yields with wide substrate scope under mild conditions.
Postprandial nutrient dynamics and their implications for formulated feed development for the ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus)
Authors: Hammel Nathan , Cobcroft Jennifer M. , Nankervis Leo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrustacean feeding morphology and postprandial nutrient processing is a highly size‐selective procedure. The digestive system of lobsters is predicated on grinding feed to a fine particle size before digestion. Therefore, fine pregrinding of raw materials may bypass the need for extensive grinding in the proventriculus and expedite digestive and absorptive processes. Panulirus ornatus juveniles (N = 56) were allocated to four feed groups (n = 14). Groups A, B and C were fed nutritionally identical feeds featuring raw materials ground to 1000 µm (Feed A), 500 µm (Feed B) and 200 µm (Feed C) while the fourth group (Group S) acted as a 24‐h nonfeeding baseline control group. Sequential postprandial haemolymph extractions were performed at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3.5, 5.5 and 24 h across treatment groups. Haemolymph samples were assessed and analysed for brix (%), total proteins (g L–1), glucose (mmol L–1) and cholesterol (mmol L–1). Brix was found to have significant positive correlations with all the haemolymph biochemical properties while no significant correlations were identified between individual lobster size and haemolymph properties. Analysis of deviance applied to mixed effects models did not identify significant differences in haemolymph properties across feed groups. Trends identified here are indicative of diurnal rhythm patterns, likely orchestrated by the release of the crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) when anticipating a meal. Additionally, the use of brix values, may not be optimal for identifying postprandial trends, yet could remain a valid indicator of longer‐term nutritional status.
Aggregation and aging of nanoparticle–protein complexes at interfaces studied by evanescent‐light scattering microscopy
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Yuwei , Jiang Hang , Zhou Lidan , Li Yinan , Wu Jiahao , Han Jie , Yang Cheng , Jiang Jianzhong , Ngai To 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlasma protein‐induced aggregation of nanoparticles (NPs) is a crucial issue in many applications, such as drug delivery. Although great efforts have been made to investigate the protein adsorption kinetics or protein‐induced NPs coalescence in bulk solutions, limited evidence has been uncovered for interfacial circumstances. Diet, disease, medicine, or senility could thoroughly change interfacial physicochemical properties of the inner lining of blood vessels. Implants including stents and artificial heart valves also have varied and evolutionary interfaces. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism behind the non‐specific protein adsorption and NP‐protein aggregation in such interfacial cases. Here, we use evanescent light scattering to observe polystyrene NPs‒fibrinogen aggregation at substrates with varying surface properties. A density‐fluctuation correlation function is utilized to reveal the relaxation dynamics of the aggregates. Both time‐resolved and spatial‐correlated evidence shows that the aging process of such soft materials is out‐of‐equilibrium, where the dynamics faster and slower than exponential can coexist in one single relaxation process. Besides, corona formation, inner stress, and interconnection together determine the microstructure, local adhesion, and structural relaxation of the aggregates, which can further correspond to the protein‐to‐NP ratio as well as the surface chemistry of NPs and substrates.
Precise molecular sieving using metal‐doped ultramicroporous carbon membranes for H2 separation
Authors: Zhao Guanran , Wang Kaixin , Fang Chuning , Wang Yixing , Wang Darui , Song Zhen , Lei Linfeng , Xu Zhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBlue hydrogen produced from fossil fuels is recognized as a promising large‐scale technology for realizing the hydrogen economy. Membrane‐based separation is emerging as a viable alternative to traditional hydrogen purification technologies. Here, we present a facile strategy for fabricating carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes containing uniformly dispersed palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticles, anchored in the carbon strands of CMS membranes, induced the carbon matrix toward a more ordered structure arrangement through a synergistic effect of entropy‐driven size exclusion and acceleration of graphitization. As a result, the doped Pd nanoparticles facilitated the formation of ultramicropores <3.3 Å in the CMS membranes, which enabled a precise molecular sieving ability between H2 and CO2 with H2/CO2 selectivity up to 247. Furthermore, the membrane presented good mixed gas separation performances and was stable for over 250 h under simulated harsh industrial conditions.
Confinement and phase engineering boosting 1T phase MoS2/carbon hybrid for high‐performance capacitive deionization
Authors: Zhang Yaning , Fan Shiyuan , Gong Siqi , Liu Huibin , Xu Huiting , Qi Junjie , Wang Honghai , Li Chunli , Peng Wenchao , Liu Jiapeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted significant attention as a water treatment technology owing to its low cost, high efficiency, and eco‐friendliness. However, the unsatisfactory desalination performance of traditional electrode materials hinders the development of CDI. Herein, 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid microspheres are successfully fabricated through confinement and phase engineering strategies. The confinement effect of porous hollow carbon microspheres reduces the overgrowth and agglomeration of MoS2 nanosheets, which is beneficial for exposing more active sites and enhancing stability. Meanwhile, the 1T phase MoS2 displays high intrinsic conductivity and large interlayer spacing, which is conducive to rapid insertion/extraction of Na+. Consequently, 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid becomes a prospect electrode material for CDI, which showcases outstanding desalination capacity (48.1 mg/g at 1.2 V), eminent desalination rate as well as exceptional stability. Moreover, the desalination mechanisms are clarified through various characterizations and density functional theory calculations. This study provides new perspectives on designing high‐performance MoS2‐based CDI electrode materials.
High‐performance BCN‐C heterostructured electrocatalyst derived from covalent triazine frameworks for nitrogen reduction
Authors: Lin Wenwen , Lin Gaobo , Luo Qinlan , Song Weiyu , Chen Hao , Zhang Zihao , Li Jing , Fu Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning and synthesizing heterostructure‐based catalysis combining two‐dimensional (2D) materials has attracted enormous attention in materials chemistry, especially for electrocatalysis, due to their tunable electronic properties and structure. In this work, a boron carbon nitride (BCN)‐coupled carbon (BCN‐C) heterostructure with improved electronic performance was synthesized starting from C‐ and N‐enriched 2D covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) via a simple thermal transformation process using NaBH4 as the B source. The characterizations results showed that the B released from NaBH4 reacted with N and C in CTF, forming the BCN‐C heterostructure coupling the BCN and carbon with a strong interfacial effect. The electrocatalytic NRR experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that the interfacial electronic properties and large numbers of active sites of the BCN‐C heterostructure benefited the NRR. The BCN‐C‐1 catalyst showed a high Faradaic efficiency of 27.8% and an NH3 yield of 4.3 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 in 0.1 M HCl electrolyte, owing to its high specific surface area (288 m2/g) with a large number of exposed active sites and the Mott–Schottky effect from the BCN‐C heterostructure. This work highlights the design and synthesis of metal‐free catalysts with high activity and selectivity and makes them excellent candidates for electrocatalytic applications.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Authors: Patnaik Mrinal M. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDisease OverviewChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by prominent monocytosis and an inherent risk for leukemic transformation (~15%–20% over 3–5 years).DiagnosisNewly revised diagnostic criteria include sustained (>3 months) peripheral blood (PB) monocytosis (≥0.5 × 109/L; monocytes ≥10% of leukocyte count), consistent bone marrow (BM) morphology, <20% BM or PB blasts (including promonocytes), and cytogenetic or molecular evidence of clonality. Cytogenetic abnormalities occur in ~30% of patients, while >95% harbor somatic mutations: TET2 (~60%), SRSF2 (~50%), ASXL1 (~40%), RAS pathway (~30%), and others. The presence of ASXL1 and DNMT3A mutations and absence of TET2 mutations negatively impact overall survival (ASXL1WT/TET2MT genotype being favorable).Risk StratificationSeveral risk models serve similar purposes in identifying high‐risk patients that are considered for allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) earlier than later. Risk factors in the Mayo Molecular Model (MMM) include presence of truncating ASXL1 mutations, absolute monocyte count >10 × 109/L, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, platelet count <100 × 109/L, and the presence of circulating immature myeloid cells; the resulting 4‐tiered risk categorization includes high (≥3 risk factors), intermediate‐2 (2 risk factors), intermediate‐1 (1 risk factor), and low (no risk factors); the corresponding median survivals were 16, 31, 59, and 97 months. CMML is also classified as being “myeloproliferative (MP‐CMML)” or “myelodysplastic (MD‐CMML),” based on the presence or absence of leukocyte count of ≥13 × 109/L.TreatmentASCT is the only treatment modality that secures cure or long‐term survival and is appropriate for MMM high/intermediate‐2 risk disease. Drug therapy is currently not disease‐modifying and includes hydroxyurea and hypomethylating agents; a recent phase‐3 study (DACOTA) comparing hydroxyurea and decitabine, in high‐risk MP‐CMML, showed similar overall survival at 23.1 versus 18.4 months, respectively, despite response rates being higher for decitabine (56% vs. 31%).Unique Disease AssociationsThese include systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, leukemia cutis and lysozyme‐induced nephropathy; the latter requires close monitoring of renal function during leukocytosis and is a potential indication for cytoreductive therapy.
2024 update on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for myelofibrosis: A review of current data and applications on risk stratification and management
Authors: Ali Haris , Bacigalupo Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) currently remains the only curative treatment for patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Transplant related mortality (TRM) and relapse, remain two significant complications which need to be addressed.AimsThe aim of this manuscript is to review current available reports on changes which have recently occurred, to improve the outcome of MF patients undergoing an allogeneic HSCT.MethodsPublished papers were used to analyze different aspects of allogeneic HSCT.ResultsChanges and updates are provided on selection of patients, prognostic systems, managing splenomegaly, conditioning regimens, predicting transplant outcome, stem cell sources, stem cell donors, graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, patients with blast phase, hematopoietic reconstitution, disease markers, donor chimerism, and treatment of relapse.ConclusionsThe review outlines new transplant platforms which are now available for patients with myelofibrosis, together with persisting problems, among which, older age combined with marrow fibrosis and an inflammatory disease. Relapse also requires aggressive monitoring of drivers mutations, and early cellular therapy.
Mortality in adults with sickle cell disease: Results from the sickle cell disease implementation consortium (SCDIC) registry
Authors: Njoku Franklin , Pugh Norma , Brambilla Donald , Kroner Barbara , Shah Nirmish , Treadwell Marsha , Gibson Robert , Hsu Lewis L. , Gordeuk Victor R. , Glassberg Jeffrey , Hankins Jane S. , Kutlar Abdullah , King Allison A. , Kanter Julie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe cause of death in people affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) is often challenging to define as prior studies have used retrospective or administrative data for analysis. We used a prospective longitudinal registry to assess mortality and clinical co‐morbidities among subjects enrolled in the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) registry. At enrollment, we collected the following data: patient‐reported demographics, SCD phenotype, baseline laboratory values, comorbidities, and current medications. Subjects were followed for a median of 4.7 years before the present analysis. The relationship of clinical co‐morbidities (at time of enrollment) to mortality was determined using survival analysis, adjusting for SCD phenotype and gender. There was a total of 2439 people with SCD enrolled in the SCDIC registry. One hundred and twenty‐eight participants (5%) died during the observation period (2017–2022). Six people died from trauma and were excluded from further analysis. Proximate cause of death was unwitnessed in 17% of the deaths, but commonest causes of death include cardiac (18%), acute chest or respiratory failure (11%), sudden unexplained death (8%). Enrollment characteristics of the individuals who died (n = 122) were compared to those of survivors (n = 2317). Several co‐morbidities at enrollment increased the odds of death on univariate analysis. All co‐morbidities were included in a multivariable model. After backward elimination, iron overload, pulmonary hypertension, and depression, remained statistically significant predictors of the risk of death. SCD reduces life expectancy. Improved comprehensive and supportive care to prevent end‐organ damage and address comorbidities is needed for this population.
Taking the risk. A systematic review of ethical reasons and moral arguments in the clinical use of polygenic risk scores
Authors: Andreoli Lara , Peeters Hilde , Van Steen Kristel , Dierickx Kris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDebates about the prospective clinical use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) have grown considerably in the last years. The potential benefits of PRS to improve patient care at individual and population levels have been extensively underlined. Nonetheless, the use of PRS in clinical contexts presents a number of unresolved ethical challenges and consequent normative gaps that hinder their optimal implementation. Here, we conducted a systematic review of reasons of the normative literature discussing ethical issues and moral arguments related to the use of PRS for the prevention and treatment of common complex diseases. In total, we have included and analyzed 34 records, spanning from 2013 to 2023. The findings have been organized in three major themes: in the first theme, we consider the potential harms of PRS to individuals and their kin. In the theme “Threats to health equity,” we consider ethical concerns of social relevance, with a focus on justice issues. Finally, the theme “Towards best practices” collects a series of research priorities and provisional recommendations to be considered for an optimal clinical translation of PRS. We conclude that the use of PRS in clinical care reinvigorates old debates in matters of health justice; however, open questions, regarding best practices in clinical counseling, suggest that the ethical considerations applicable in monogenic settings will not be sufficient to face PRS emerging challenges.
Enhancing fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using polyphenylene ether as a modifier
Authors: Veeramani Naveen , Devine Machar , Quinn James A. , Alapati Arun Kumar , Bolluk Alp , Ray Dipa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CFRP) were fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) with polyphenylene ether (PPE) as a toughening agent. The PPE contained hydroxyl end groups that facilitated chemical bonding with epoxy during curing. PPE was incorporated into the epoxy matrix by dissolution, and spreading in the interlaminar regions. The presence of PPE as a toughener exhibited significant improvement in the Mode‐I fracture toughness of the composites. The CFRP samples, which were toughened with 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% PPE, showed about 191% to 380% enhancement, respectively, in the critical energy release rate (GIC) compared to the unmodified sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed about a 6°C increase in the glass transition temperature of the toughened composites, which is an interesting aspect of this work. These results indicate the potential of using PPE as a toughening agent in CFRP composites.
The Sima de los Huesos thorax and lumbar spine: Selected traits and state‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Arsuaga Juan Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInformation on the evolution of the thorax and lumbar spine in the genus Homo is hampered by a limited fossil record due to the inherent fragility of vertebrae and ribs. Neandertals show significant metric and morphological differences in these two anatomical regions, when compared to Homo sapiens. Thus, the important fossil record from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH) not only offers important information on the evolution of these anatomical regions within the Neandertal lineage but also provides important clues to understand the evolution of these regions at the genus level. We present the current knowledge of the costal skeleton, and the thoracic and lumbar spine anatomy of the hominins found in Sima de los Huesos compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans. The current SH fossil record comprises 738 vertebral specimens representing a minimum of 70 cervical, 95 thoracic and 47 lumbar vertebrae, 652 rib fragments representing a minimum of 118 ribs, and 26 sternal fragments representing 4 sterna. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their thorax and lumbar spine more similar to that of Neandertals than to that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position of these hominins. However, there are some differences between the SH hominins and Neandertals in these anatomical regions, primarily in the orientation of the lumbar transverse processes and in the robusticity of the second ribs. The presence of some but not all of the suite of Neandertal‐derived features is consistent with the pattern found in the cranium and other postcranial regions of this population.
Recent Advances of Chiral Isolated and Small Organic Molecules: Structure and Properties for Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhang Tingwei , Zhang Yue , He Zhiyuan , Yang Tingjun , Hu Xu , Zhu Tengfei , Zhang Yanfeng , Tang Yuhai , Jiao Jiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper explores recent advancements in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibited by small and isolated organic molecules. The development and application of small CPL molecule are systematically reviewed through eight different chiral skeleton sections. Investigating the intricate interplay between molecular structure and CPL properties, the paper aims at providing and enlighting novel strategies for CPL‐based applications.
Caregiver and youth inter‐rater assessment agreement in autism spectrum disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and typical development
Authors: Shipkova Michelle , Butera Christiana D. , Flores Genesis D. , Kilroy Emily , Jayashankar Aditya , Harrison Laura , Cermak Sharon A. , Aziz‐Zadeh Lisa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYouth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at heightened risk for co‐occurring mental health diagnoses, especially anxiety and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, caregiver‐child agreement on presence of related symptoms in populations with neurodevelopmental conditions is not well understood. Here, we examine the extent to which 37 ASD, 26 DCD, and 40 typically developing children and their caregivers agree on the degree of the child's symptoms of anxiety and ADHD. All caregiver‐child dyads completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and Conners 3 ADHD Index. Across groups, intraclass correlations indicated generally poor agreement on anxiety and ADHD symptomatology. Although youth generally reported greater internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety), caregivers tended to report more observable externalizing behaviors (i.e., ADHD). Together, the results of this study support the need for a multi‐informant approach in assessments of anxiety and ADHD in youth with neurodevelopmental disorders.
A novel graphene oxide‐based fluorescence method for detection of urine glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Kösoğlu Ceren Bakır , Dede Süreyya , Karakuş Emine , Erdoğmuş Ali , Keskin Bahadır , Önal Hasan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) serve as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidoses disease. In this study, a novel fluorometric method was developed to measure total GAGs in urine. Graphene oxide (GO) and rhodamine B (RhB), a cationic fluorescent dye, were employed in the development of the method. RhB attaches to the GO surface via electrostatic attraction, leading to the quenching of its fluorescence upon the establishment of the RhB–GO complex. However, the presence of GAGs prompts a resurgence of intense fluorescence. The linear range of the method is between 5.00 and 70.00 mg/L. The total GAG levels of urine samples analyzed using the method agree with the results of the biochemistry analysis laboratory (65.85 and 79.18 mg/L; 73.30 ± 1.76 and 72.21 ± 2.21). The method is simple, accurate, and sensitive and may be used for both first‐step diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses and detection of individual GAGs for studies of GAG‐related research and other biological applications.