bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Individuals
Authors: Seicean Sinziana , Kirchner H. Lester , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Punjabi Naresh M. , Resnick Helaine , Sanders Mark , Budhiraja Rohit , Singer Mendel , Redline Susan 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—To characterize the association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), combined IFG and IGT, and occult diabetes in individuals of different body habitus.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Cross-sectional analysis of 2,588 participants (aged 52–96 years; 46% men) without known diabetes. SDB was defined as respiratory disturbance index ≥10 events/h. IFG, IGT, occult diabetes, and body weight were classified according to recent accepted guidelines. Participants with and without SDB were compared on prevalence and odds ratios for measures of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM), adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, and waist circumference.
RESULTS—SDB was observed in 209 nonoverweight and 1,036 overweight/obese participants. SDB groups had significantly higher adjusted prevalence and adjusted odds of IFG, IFG plus IGT, and occult diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio for all subjects was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.6) for IFG, 1.2 (1.0–1.4) for IGT, 1.4 (1.1–2.7) for IFG plus IGT, and 1.7 (1.1–2.7) for occult diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—SDB was associated with occult diabetes, IFG, and IFG plus IGT, after adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, and waist circumference. The magnitude of these associations was similar in nonoverweight and overweight participants. The consistency of associations across all measures of IGM and body habitus groups and the significant association between SDB and IFG plus IGT, a risk factor for rapid progression to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality, suggests the importance of SDB as a risk factor for clinically important levels of metabolic dysfunction.
Low Adiponectin Levels Are Associated With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Lipid-Rich Plaque in Nondiabetic Coronary Arteries
Authors: Marso Steven P. , Mehta Sameer K. , Frutkin Andrew , House John A. , McCrary Justin R. , Kulkarni Krishnaji R. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between adiponectin and plaque composition in human coronary arteries.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein with antiatherogenic and insulin-sensitizing properties. To date, the relationship between adiponectin and plaque composition is unknown. Fasting blood samples were collected from 185 patients undergoing coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Plaque composition was categorized as fibrous, fibrofatty, necrotic core, or dense calcium and further classified as IVUS-derived adaptive or pathological intimal thickening, fibroatheroma, fibrocalcific, or thin cap fibroatheroma.
RESULTS—Adiponectin correlated with normalized plaque volume (r = −0.16, P = 0.025) and atheroma lipid content as measured by normalized fibrofatty volume (r = −0.19, P = 0.009). Low adiponectin levels were associated with IVUS-derived pathological intimal thickening (r = −0.18, P = 0.01). With increasing quartiles (Q) of adiponectin, the normalized volume of fibrofatty plaque decreased (P = 0.03), which was driven by reductions in the nondiabetic cohort (Q1 44.2 mm3; Q2 28.2 mm3; Q3 24.7 mm3; and Q4 23.4 mm3; P = 0.01). No similar association was present in diabetic patients. Low adiponectin levels were also associated with IVUS-derived pathological intimal thickening in nondiabetic (r = −0.20, P = 0.03) but not diabetic patients.
CONCLUSIONS—Low adiponectin levels are associated with atherogenic lipoproteins (elevated triglycerides, small dense LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol), increased plaque volume, lipid-rich plaque, and IVUS-derived pathological intimal thickening in the total cohort that was driven by the nondiabetic population, suggesting an antiatherogenic role in the early stages of lesion development.
C-Reactive Protein in Relation to the Development of Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Giannini Cosimo , Widmer Barry , Dalton R. Neil , Martinotti Stefano , Chiarelli Francesco , Dunger David B. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES—To perform a longitudinal evaluation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in young people with type 1 diabetes in relation to the development of microalbuminuria (MA).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—hs-CRP was measured in 329 blood samples collected from 49 subjects with type 1 diabetes with MA and 49 normoalbuminuric subjects matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes.
RESULTS—In subjects developing MA, a progressive rise in hs-CRP was detected with levels significantly higher in the years after the onset of MA when compared with levels before MA onset (P = 0.003; age-adjusted P = 0.06). After the onset of MA, hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in subjects with MA when compared with normoalbuminuric subjects (median 1.9 mg/l [range 0.2–9.8] vs. 1.1 mg/l [0.2–6.4]; P = 0.02; adjusted P = 0.036).
CONCLUSIONS—In this population of young subjects with type 1 diabetes, there was a significant increase in hs-CRP levels after the onset of MA, likely reflecting a general state of inflammation.
Circulating Surfactant Protein A (SP-A), a Marker of Lung Injury, Is Associated With Insulin Resistance
Authors: Fernández-Real José Manuel , Chico Berta , Shiratori Masanori , Nara Yusuke , Takahashi Hiroki , Ricart Wifredo 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES—Impaired lung function and inflammation have both attracted interest as potentially novel risk factors for glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that circulating levels of surfactant protein (SP)-A, which reflects interstitial lung injury, could be associated with altered glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Circulating SP-A concentration and metabolic variables (including insulin sensitivity by minimal model method, n = 89) were measured in 164 nonsmoking men.
RESULTS—Circulating SP-A concentration was significantly higher among patients with glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, even after adjustment for BMI, age, and smoking status (ex/never). The most significant differences were found in overweight and obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance (n = 59) who showed significantly increased serum SP-A concentrations (by a mean of 24%) compared with obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (n = 58) (log SP-A 1.54 ± 0.13 vs. 1.44 ± 0.13; P &lt; 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity (P = 0.003) contributed independently to 22% of SP-A variance among all subjects. In subjects with altered glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity (P = 0.01) and fasting triglycerides (P = 0.02) contributed to 37% of SP-A variance. Controlling for serum creatinine or C-reactive protein in these models did not significantly change the results.
CONCLUSIONS—Lung-derived SP-A protein was associated with altered glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in 164 nonsmoking men.
Effect of Insulin Glulisine on Microvascular Blood Flow and Endothelial Function in the Postprandial State
Authors: Hohberg Clothilde , Forst Thomas , Larbig Martin , Safinowski Michael , Diessel Stefan , Hehenwarter Silvia , Weber Matthias M. , Schöndorf Thomas , Pfützner Andreas 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the effect of insulin glulisine on postprandial microvascular blood flow in type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 15 patients with type 2 diabetes received insulin glulisine or human insulin before a liquid meal test. Thereafter, skin microvascular blood flow was measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry and blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma levels of glucose, insulin, intact proinsulin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, nitrotyrosine, interleukin-18, matrix metalloproteinase-9, oxidized LDL, and free fatty acids.
RESULTS—Insulin glulisine injections resulted in higher postprandial insulin levels (means ± SEM area under the curve [AUC]0–120 51.0 ± 6.8 vs. 38.2 ± 5.4 mU/l; P = 0.004), while plasma glucose (AUC0–240 158 ± 9 vs. 180 ± 9 mg/dl; P &lt; 0.05) and intact proinsulin (AUC0–240 26.2 ± 3.5 vs. 31.2 ± 4.3 pmol/l; P = 0.002) were lower. Microvascular blood flow increased after insulin glulisine injection (27.9 ± 3.1 to 51.7 ± 9.9 arbitrary units [AU]; P &lt; 0.05), while only a minor increase was found during human insulin (27.9 ± 3.1 to 34.4 ± 7.8 AU; not significant). Asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitrotyrosine levels were reduced after insulin glulisine (P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—Insulin glulisine is superior to human insulin in restoring postprandial metabolic and microvascular physiology.
Long-Term N-Acetylcysteine and l-Arginine Administration Reduces Endothelial Activation and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Martina Valentino , Masha Andi , Gigliardi Valentina Ramella , Brocato Loredana , Manzato Enzo , Berchio Arrigo , Massarenti Paola , Settanni Fabio , Della Casa Lara , Bergamini Stefania , Iannone Anna 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—Reactive oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) have recently been considered to be involved in the cardiovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes, as NO is thought to lose its beneficial physiological effects in the presence of oxygen radicals. For this reason, we tested the effects of l-arginine (ARG) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration in increasing NO bioavailability by reducing free radical formation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A double-blind study was performed on 24 male patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension divided into two groups of 12 patients that randomly received either an oral supplementation of placebo or NAC + ARG for 6 months.
RESULTS—The NAC + ARG treatment caused a reduction of both systolic (P &lt; 0.05) and diastolic (P &lt; 0.05) mean arterial blood pressure, total cholesterol (P &lt; 0.01), LDL cholesterol (P &lt; 0.005), oxidized LDL (P &lt; 0.05), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P &lt; 0.05), intracellular adhesion molecule (P &lt; 0.05), vascular cell adhesion molecule (P &lt; 0.01), nitrotyrosine (P &lt; 0.01), fibrinogen (P &lt; 0.01), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P &lt; 0.05), and an improvement of the intima-media thickness during endothelial postischemic vasodilation (P &lt; 0.02). HDL cholesterol increased (P &lt; 0.05). No changes in other parameters studied were observed.
CONCLUSIONS—NAC + ARG administration seems to be a potential well-tolerated antiatherogenic therapy because it improves endothelial function in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes by improving NO bioavailability via reduction of oxidative stress and increase of NO production. Our study's results give prominence to its potential use in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention in these patients.
Determination of phenolic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC
Authors: Kvasnička František , Čopíková Jana , Ševčík Rudolf , Krátká Jana , Syntytsia Andrej , Voldřich Michal 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Selected phenolic acids are determined by capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC, each using UV detection. The optimised CZE background electrolyte contained 50 mM acetic acid, 95 mM 6-aminocaproic acid, 0.1% polyacrylamide, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 10% methanol. Twelve phenolic acids (gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, sinapic, ferulic, salicylic and chlorogenic) were separated within 10 minutes. Chromatographic separation of these phenolic acids was carried out on an Eclipse XBD C8 column using a mobile phase gradient (acetonitrile / methanol / water / 0.1% phosphoric acid); all were separated within 25 minutes. Electrophoretic and chromatographic determinations of ferulic and chlorogenic acids were compared on barley, malt, and potato samples. The methods’ characteristics were: linearity (1–20 mg ml and 0.2–4 mg ml−1), accuracy (recovery 94 ± 5% and 96 ± 4%), intra-assay repeatability (4.1% and 3.5%), and detection limit (0.2 and 0.02 mg ml−1).
The Influence of the Length of the First Metatarsal on Transfer Metatarsalgia after Wu's Osteotomy
Authors: Tóth Kálmán , Huszanyik István , Boda Krisztina , Róde László , Kellermann Péter 
Published: April 2008

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate how changes in the length of the first metatarsal, hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal 1–2 angle (IMA), plantar angulation and sesamoid position influence the severity of the postoperative 2–5 metatarsalgia and to determine patient satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome after Wu's osteotomy. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and radiographs of 87 cases was performed at a mean followup time of 4.2 years after Wu's subcapital cross osteotomies. Results The mean HVA decreased from 42 to 13 degrees, the mean IMA 1–2 from 22 to 10 degrees. The mean first metatarsal lengthening was 0.3 mm. A negative correlation was found between lengthening of the first metatarsal and metatarsalgia at rays 2 and 3. No such pattern was found between the fourth and fifth metatarsal. No correlation was found between the 2–5 metatarsalgia and the decrease in either the HVA or the IMA 1–2. A positive correlation was detected between the HVA decrease and the patients’ satisfaction with their postoperative foot alignment; there was no correlation between the perceived postoperative foot alignment and either the first metatarsal lengthening or the IMA 1–2 decrease. Conclusion Preservation of the length of the first metatarsal during osteotomy seems to prevent the postoperative transfer metatarsalgia on the second and third rays; however, it has no major influence on the satisfaction of the patients with their foot alignment. A greater correction of the HVA angle resulted in a higher level of satisfaction with the foot cosmesis.
Electrophosphorescent Polyfluorenes Containing Osmium Complexes in the Conjugated Backbone
Authors: Chien Chen‐Han , Liao Song‐Fu , Wu Chen‐Hao , Shu Ching‐Fong , Chang Sheng‐Yuan , Chi Yun , Chou Pi‐Tai , Lai Cheng‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractElectrophosphorescent copolymers have been synthesized by covalent bonding of a red‐emitting osmium complex Os(bpftz), which contains two 3‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐2‐pyridyl)triazolate (bpftz) cyclometalated ligands, into the backbone of a bipolar polyfluorene (PF) copolymer. Employing these copolymers, a highly efficient red polymer light‐emitting diode has been realised that has an external quantum efficiency of 18.0%, a maximum brightness of 38 000 cd m−2, and an emission centered at 618 nm. In addition, after incorporating appropriate amounts of green‐emitting benzothiadiazole (BT) and the aforementioned Os(bpftz) into the bipolar PF, an efficient white‐light electroluminescent polymer is obtained that displays simultaneous blue, green, and red emissions.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films of Controlled Stiffness Modulate Myoblast Cell Differentiation
Authors: Ren Kefeng , Crouzier Thomas , Roy Christian , Picart Catherine 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn addition to their chemical properties and topographical features, the mechanical properties of gels have been recently demonstrated to play an important role in various cellular processes, which include cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In this work, multilayer films made of poly(L‐lysine)/hyaluronan (PLL/HA) of controlled stiffness have been used to investigate the effects of the mechanical properties of thin films on skeletal muscle cell (C2C12 cells) differentiation. Prior to differentiation, the cells need adhere and proliferate in a growth medium. Stiff films (E0 > 320 kPa) promote the formation of focal adhesions and organization of the cytoskeleton as well as an enhanced proliferation, whereas soft films are not favorable for cell anchoring, spreading, or proliferation. C2C12 cells were then switched to a low serum‐containing medium to induce cell differentiation, which was also greatly dependent on film stiffness. Although myogenin and troponin T expressions are only moderately affected by the film stiffness, the morphology of the myotubes exhibit striking stiffness‐dependent differences. Soft films allow differentiation only for a few days and the myotubes are very short and thick. Cell clumping followed by aggregate detachment is observed after ∼2 to 4 d. On stiffer films, significantly more elongated and thinner myotubes are observed for up to ∼2 weeks. Myotube striation is also observed but only for the stiffer films. These results demonstrate that film stiffness strongly modulates adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, each of these processes having its own stiffness requirement.
Layered Double Hydroxide Nano‐ and Microstructures Grown Directly on Metal Substrates and Their Calcined Products for Application as Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Liu Jinping , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Xintang , Li Guangyun , Li Zikun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLayered double hydroxide (LDH) nano‐ and microstructures with controllable size and morphology have been fabricated on “bivalent metal” substrates such as zinc and copper by a one‐step, room‐temperature process, in which metal substrates act as both reactants and supports. By manipulating the concentration of NH3 · H2O, the thickness and lateral size of the LDH materials can be tuned from several tens of nanometers to several hundreds of nanometers and from several hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers, respectively. This method is general and may be readily extended to any other alkali‐resisted substrate coated with Zn and Cu. As an example, Zn‐covered stainless steel foil has been shown to be effective for the growth of a ZnAl LDH film. After calcinating the as‐grown LDH at high temperature (650 °C) in argon gas, a ZnO/ZnAl2O4 porous nanosheet film is obtained, which is then directly used for the first time as the anode material for Li‐ion batteries with the operating voltage window of 0.05–2.5 V (vs. Li). The result demonstrates that ZnO/ZnAl2O4 has higher discharge and charge capacities and considerably better cycling stability compared to pure ZnO (Li insertion/extraction rate: 200 or 500 mA g−1). The improved electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the buffering effect of the inactive matrix ZnAl2O4 by relieving the stress caused by the volume change during charge–discharge cycling. This work represents a successful example for the development of promising ZnO‐based anode materials for Li‐ion batteries.
Polystannanes: Polymers of a Molecular, Jacketed Metal–Wire Structure
Authors: Choffat Fabien , Smith Paul , Caseri Walter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOrganometallic polymers comprising a backbone of covalently connected metal atoms can be regarded as molecular metal wires surrounded by a jacket of organic matter. Such polymers are rare and their materials properties are largely unexplored. Here, we report on polystannanes, (SnR2)n, that is, polymers with a backbone of tin atoms, which are synthesized by dehydropolymerization of dialkylstannanes (H2SnR2) with the catalyst [RhCl(PPh3)3]. The polystannanes feature reversible phase transitions into liquid‐crystalline states, remarkably, even below room temperature, and, interestingly, oriented either parallel or perpendicular to external driving forces, depending on the length of the alkyl substituents.
Fine mapping of a locus for nonsyndromic mental retardation on chromosome 19p13
Authors: Nolan D.K. , Chen P. , Das S. , Ober C. , Waggoner D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMental retardation (MR) occurs in approximately 3% of the population and therefore significantly impacts public health. Despite this relatively high prevalence, the specific causes of MR remain unknown in most cases, although both genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute. We describe a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive (AR) nonsyndromic MR (NSMR). Because the consanguinity of this family is complex, we explore alternative approaches for generating accurate estimates of the evidence for linkage in this family, and demonstrate evidence for linkage to chromosome 19p13 (lod score ranging from 1.2 to 3.5, depending on assumptions of allele frequencies). Fine mapping of the linked region defined a critical region of 3.6 Mb, which overlaps with a previously reported gene (CC2D1A) for MR. However, no mutations in the coding region of this gene are present in the family we describe. These results suggest that another gene causing autosomal recessive nonsyndromic MR (ARNSMR) is located within this genomic region. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Locomotor limb preferences in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implications for morphological asymmetries in limb bones
Authors: Hopkins William D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary origins of hemispheric specialization remains a topic of considerable interest in a variety of scientific disciplines. Whether nonhuman primates exhibit population‐level limb preferences continues to be a controversial topic. In this study, limb preferences for ascending and descending locomotion were assessed as a means of examining the hypothesis that asymmetries in forelimb bones might be attributed to asymmetries in posture. The results indicated that captive chimpanzees showed a population‐level leftward asymmetry in descending locomotion but no group bias for ascending locomotion. The results are consistent with previous behavioral studies in captive chimpanzees as well as studies on skeletal asymmetries of the forelimbs of chimpanzees. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intelligente Erhaltungskonzepte: Parkgaragen nachhaltig instand setzen
Authors: Beecken Christoph A. , vom Berg Wiebke 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTiefgaragen und Parkhäuser aus den 1960er und 1970er Jahren weisen meist ähnliche Schadensbilder auf, die häufig auf die gleichen Ausführungs‐ und Instandsetzungsmängel zurückzuführen sind. Auf Grundlage der typischen Schäden und ihrer Analyse werden anhand von zwei Bauvorhaben in Hessen Erhaltungskonzepte entwickelt, um Stahlbeton‐Parkgaragen wirtschaftlich und nachhaltig instand zu setzen. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die systematische Erfassung der Schäden und deren fachgerechte und dauerhafte Behebung gelegt. Außerdem werden statische Konzepte für die Abfangung aufgehender hoher Gebäude und ihre praktische Umsetzung beschrieben.
Das neue Bewehrungssystem; Druckglieder mit hochfestem Betonstahl SAS 670/800
Authors: Falkner Horst , Gerritzen Dominique , Jungwirth Dieter , Sparowitz Lutz 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDer herkömmliche Stahlbetonbau wird durch ein neuartiges, innovatives Stahlbetondruckglied erweitert. Es kommt ein von der Annahütte entwickelter Gewindestahl SAS 670/800 bis Durchmesser 75 mm, mit Muffenverbindungen und Endankern zur Anwendung. Diese Druckglieder lassen sich mit Bewehrungsgehalten bis 20 % und kleinen Abmessungen wirtschaftlich in hoher Qualität herstellen. Unter Berücksichtigung des Kriechens und Schwindens des Betons oder/und der Verwendung faserbewehrter duktiler Betone lassen sich diese hochfesten Betonstähle SAS 670/800, deren Quetschgrenze über der Stauchungsgrenze ϵc2 liegt, voll ausnutzen.Dem stehen nach gültiger Norm eine Ausnutzung des Betonstahls BSt 500 mit ∼2 ‰, Durchmesser bis ≤ 40 mm und zulässige Bewehrungsgrade im Übergreifungsbereich von max. 9% gegenüber.Im Teil I wird auf Grundlage des Eurocodes über modifizierte Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionskonzepte sowie durchgeführte Versuche berichtet. Im Teil II werden u. a. die Megastützen des Opernturms Frankfurt vorgestellt, die mit diesem Konzept über einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall ausgeführt wurden.Das System ist/wird derzeit in verschiedenen Ländern, wie USA, Russland, Österreich und Europa, allgemein bauaufsichtlich zugelassen.