bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of genes involved in the tomato root response to Globodera rostochiensis parasitism under varied light conditions
Authors: Matuszkiewicz Mateusz , Święcicka Magdalena , Koter Marek , Filipecki Marcin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Understanding the intricate interplay between abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial for deciphering plant responses and developing resilient cultivars. Here, we investigate the combined effects of elevated light intensity and nematode infection on tomato seedlings. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed significant enhancements in PSII quantum yield and photochemical fluorescence quenching under high light conditions. qRT-PCR analysis of stress-related marker genes exhibited differential expression patterns in leaves and roots, indicating robust defense and antioxidant responses. Despite root protection from light, roots showed significant molecular changes, including down-regulation of genes associated with oxidative stress and up-regulation of genes involved in signalling pathways. Transcriptome analysis uncovered extensive gene expression alterations, with light exerting a dominant influence. Notably, light and nematode response synergistically induced more differentially expressed genes than individual stimuli. Functional categorization of differentially expressed genes upon double stimuli highlighted enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and amino acid metabolism, whereas the importance of specific pathogenesis related pathways decreased. Overall, our study elucidates complex plant responses to combined stresses, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches for developing stress-resilient crops in the face of changing environmental conditions.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction SENTINEL screening tool for German-speaking female athletes
Authors: Albers Nina , Huebner Markus , Giagio Silvia , Turolla Andrea , Pillastrini Paolo , Stein-Brueggemann Daniela , Rudolph Finja , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Hollander Karsten , Marques Carlos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), such as urinary or fecal incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse, is a common medical condition with increasing awareness in female athletes since they suffer more frequently from PFD than non-athletes. For female athletes PFD can be very disabling and stressful and may even lead to withdrawal from sport. Recently, a screening tool for PFD in female athletes was introduced (PFD-SENTINEL screening tool). In this study, we aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PFD-SENTINEL screening tool into German. Methods: Following an international guideline, forward and backtranslations of the screening tool were conducted throughout six progressive phases. A pre-final version of the PFD-SENTINEL screening tool for the German language was tested in a cohort of 27 potential users. Subsequently, a final version was adjusted and presented. Results: Twenty-two of the 27 potential users were female athletes (median age 24 years). Five of the potential users were healthcare professionals (median age 28 years). None of the participants had difficulties understanding the questionnaire, either linguistically or in terms of content. The final version was approved by the original developers. Conclusions: The PFD-SENTINEL screening tool holds promise to prompt specialist care and assessment, detecting potential PFD and helping to estimate the related prevalence in female athletes. Its successful translation and adaptation to the German language allows for future testing of its psychometric properties and application in German-speaking regions.
Relationship between Mutant Genes, SNPs and Mutation Types in Children with Hyperthyroidism Based on Canonical correlation Analysis
Authors: Mao Xiaojian , Tang Liangliang , Wang Heyong , Li Hongyi , Shao Yongxian , Liu Li , Zhang Wen , Headar Abdalbari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Generally, different mutation types affect patients to various degrees. Some mutation types, such as synonymous mutations, do not cause changes in amino acid sequence and have little impact on patients. In contrast, some types of mutations will lead to wrong encoding or stop encoding of amino acid sequences, which will have a more significant impact on patients. Therefore, this paper intends to find the genetic characteristics of hyperthyroidism in children from the perspective of mutation types: missense mutations, synonymous mutations, nonsense mutations, and splice site mutations, and explore the relationship between mutant Genes, SNPs, and mutation types in patients. Finally, find the mutation type in which the specific mutant gene and the mutation site were biased.
Methods
Use the canonical correlation analysis method to find the relationship between the mutant gene, the mutation site, and the mutation type.
Results
Based on the complete linear correlation, single value, and Pearson correlation coefficient, screen the mutant genes and SNPs, then get 23 representative mutant genes from 144 mutant genes in 39 children and 8 representative SNPs from 1221 SNPs in 39 children. Canonical variables were constructed using data from representative mutant genes, SNPs, and their corresponding mutation types for canonical correlation analysis. A significant positive correlation between the mutant gene and the mutation type and a significant positive correlation between SNPs and the mutation type were found through canonical variable correlation and significance tests.The mutant genes for children with hyperthyroidism consist of 23 representative mutant genes, among which the genes ACADM, ATM, BARD1, CALCA, CAPN3, CRP, DNMT1, DNMT3A, FANCC, GHRL, KANK1, LRSAM1, TPO, TSHR, VWF are all prone to missense mutations, nonsense mutation, and synonymous mutation, the gene CGA is prone to splice site mutation. Among the 23 genes, the gene KANK1 has the greatest impact on the ensemble of mutant genes. SNPs for children with hyperthyroidism consist of 8 representative SNPs, among which g.1529224C > T, g.23019637C > G and g.44651599T > C are prone to missense mutations, g.1533961C > T, g.12718004G > A, g.43082453A > G, g.44652143G > A and g.71809992C > T are prone to synonymous mutations. The site g.44651599T > C has the greatest impact on the ensemble of SNPs.
Conclusion
There is a strong correlation between gene mutation types and mutant genes and between mutation types and SNPs in children with hyperthyroidism. Each mutant gene and SNP has a more preferred mutation type, among which gene CGA and gene KANK1 may be the mutant gene that has the most significant impact on children, and SNP g.44651599T > C may be the SNP that has the greatest impact on children.
Comparative analysis of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins in pigmented and non-pigmented maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Bangladesh
Authors: Preety Israt Jahan , Islam Mohammed Ariful , Rahman Jamilur , Ahmed Kamal Uddin , Hossain Ashrafi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this investigation, we determined the compositions of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins in a newly released maize (SAU purple maize) variety and compared its phytonutrients with those of other maize varieties cultivated in Bangladesh. The SAU purple maize contained 105.82 ± 8.3 and 165.05 ± 7.5 mg FAE/100 g sample of free and bound phenolics, respectively. The SAU purple maize had the greatest amount of flavonoids (76.49 ± 9.5 mg CE/100 g dry weight) and anthocyanins (68.58 ± 5.3 C3G equv./100 f of dry weight sample) compared with the other pigmented maize varieties used in the investigation. The phenolic content of a hilly indigenous deep red maize cultivar was similar to that of SAU purple maize, but the former contained less flavonoids and anthocyanins than did the later. Nevertheless, the SAU white maize variety had 30.55 ± 1.61, 46.85 ± 4.4 mg FAE/100 g and 8.82 mg CE/100 g of free and bound phenolics and total flavonoids, respectively, which were lower than those of the SAU purple maize. Again, the BARI hybrid maize variety 9 (yellow maize) contained the lowest level of total anthocyanin (4.7 ± 1.1 mg C3G/100 g). The percentages of insoluble phenolics relative to total phenolics and of flavonoids relative to insoluble phenolics were greater in the SAU purple maize. Overall, the SAU purple maize contained relatively high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins; thus, this maize variety has great promise for future use as a human food and for industrial use.
Psychological processes and abilities for ceasing sex as self-injury – a qualitative study
Authors: Apelqvist Cathrine , Irmelid Tove , Jonsson Linda S , Fredlund Cecilia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The term sex as self-injury (SASI) refers to sexual behaviors that are used as a means of self-injury, with motives such as emotional regulation comparable to other self-injurious behaviors, including burning or cutting the skin. The aim of this study was to explore which psychological processes and abilities made it possible to cease SASI, in order to contribute to the knowledge that underpins psychological interventions and treatments.
Method
The study was based on an open-ended questionnaire published on the websites of Swedish NGOs offering help and support to women and youths. In total 196 individuals with experience of SASI were included in the study. The age of the participants was 15–64 years (mean age 27.9 years), and most of the participants were women. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was used for the study, but with prerequisites that drew on cognitive behavioral therapy treatment and functional analysis.
Results
Five abilities were seen as important for cessation of SASI; 1) Revised core beliefs about the self which were achieved through new experiences or cognitive restructuring. 2) Evolved emotional competence achieved through understanding or acceptance of emotions or new coping skills. 3) Increased relational competence via new relationship experiences or new communication skills. 4) Acquired meta-perspective through insight and knowledge of SASI. 5) Strengthened psychological empowerment through new relationship to the body and sexuality, transfer of responsibility or norm-critical perspective.
Conclusions
Based on the results regarding psychological processes, acquired abilities and alternative behaviors, proposals for therapeutic interventions that may activate these processes were discussed.
Improved delayed recall of neurological knowledge with greater satisfaction using visual mnemonics
Authors: Parmar Sunjay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Medical school requires retaining large amounts of information. Throughout history we have adopted mental scaffolds, such as mnemonics, to enable this. At the extreme, they are used to help memory athletes in high-stakes tournaments. Despite there being a plethora of mnemonic subtypes, within neurology education, there is little research on how they can be used to support learning. This study will be the first to compare visual mnemonics, word mnemonics and non-mnemonic controls, with primary outcomes looking at delayed recall of neurological knowledge and student satisfaction.
Methods
A single-centre, randomised, subject-blind, controlled study assigned medical students to various arms to learn and recall facts about 3 neurological conditions. Control group were given text with bolded key terms; word mnemonic group were given the same text with initialism or acronym mnemonic; visual mnemonic group had the same text alongside a visual mnemonic. Free-recall was assessed at time-points immediately after, at 1 week and 1 month from learning. Satisfaction questionnaire assessed students’ views on their assigned learning method.
Results
38 students evenly distributed between the groups completed the study (56 recruited, 18 lost to follow-up). The visual mnemonic group had significantly higher recall scores at all time-points with a mean score percentage improvement compared to the word mnemonic and control group of 236% and 230% respectively (one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis; p < 0.05). There was no difference between word mnemonic and control group recall scores at any time. Subjective satisfaction assessment using mode Likert ratings showed students in the visual mnemonic group found learning enjoyable and felt it should be incorporated into the medical curriculum.
Discussion
Visual mnemonics demonstrated significantly longer-term recall compared to word mnemonics and controls. In part, this is due to reducing cognitive load whilst simultaneously improving engagement. Mnemonics are not a panacea of learning optimisation; they should be used as an adjunct when information cannot be learnt conceptually. For curriculum implementation, thought needs to be given as to what should be taught mnemonically, whether they be student- or instructor-generated, and how they would integrate with other evidence-based practices such as spaced-repetition and elaborative interrogation
Emails 24/7: Agile working or electronic leash? Associations between engaging with work emails outside of normal working hours and health and productivity
Authors: Braithwaite Elizabeth C. , Walker Lucy , Cooper Cary , Jones Marc V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Work-related stress is a key challenge for economies globally, with far-reaching individual, organisational and societal consequences. One contributor to work-related stress is the blurring of boundaries between work and home domains, known as work-home interference (WHI). A legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic is increased flexible and remote working, which could increase WHI and resultantly work-related stress. A tangible marker of WHI is employee engagement with work emails during leisure time, however very little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and impacts of this behaviour. In a sample of 1229 UK-based employees, we report on social norms and work-place culture around engaging with work emails outside of normal working hours. Additionally, we investigated whether work email importance, email overload and email management tactics were associated with email engagement during leisure time, and whether this type of email engagement was associated with health and productivity, in cross-section. Participants who reported that email was highly important and/or felt overloaded by emails were more likely to engage with work emails during leisure time. Additionally, email engagement in leisure time was associated with poorer physical and psychological health, but not productivity. Our findings have implications for organisational policy and culture around employee email engagement behaviours.
"Turning Right"? An experimental study on the political value shift in large language models
Authors: Gu Chao , Liu Yifei , Pan Wangyuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Constructing artificial intelligence that aligns with human values is a crucial challenge, with political values playing a distinctive role among the various human value systems. In this study, we developed a standardized method to test political values in AI, utilizing the Political Compass Test alongside rigorous bootstrapping techniques. This methodology was applied to different versions of the notably influential ChatGPT. Our findings reveal that while newer versions of ChatGPT consistently maintain values within the libertarian-left quadrant, there is a significant rightward shift in political values, a phenomenon we term a 'value shift' in large language models. This shift is particularly noteworthy given the deep integration of large language models with human knowledge creation, suggesting potentially profound impacts on societal values. Intriguingly, our analysis indicates that this value shift in ChatGPT may not be directly linked to its training datasets. This research sheds light on the dynamic nature of value alignment in AI, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and understanding of the underlying factors driving these shifts in AI-generated political values.
Automating incidence and prevalence analysis in open cohorts
Authors: Cockburn Neil , Hammond Ben , Ghani Illin , Cusworth Samuel , Acharya Aditya , Gokhale Krishna , Thayakaran Rasiah , Crowe Francesca , Minhas Sonica , Parry-Smith William , Taylor Beck , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Chandan Joht Singh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Motivation
Increasingly vast quantities of data support improvement and research in public health, and growth is especially seen in administrative data such as that collected in electronic health records. Patients enter and exit these typically open-cohort datasets non-uniformly; this can render simple questions about incidence and prevalence time-consuming and with unnecessary variation between analyses. We therefore developed methods to automate analysis of incidence and prevalence in open cohort datasets, to improve transparency, productivity and reproducibility of analyses.
Implementation
We provide both a code-free set of rules for incidence and prevalence that can be applied to any open cohort, and a python Command Line Interface implementation of these rules requiring python 3.9 or later.
General features
The Command Line Interface is used to calculate incidence and point prevalence time series from open cohort data. The ruleset can be used in developing other implementations or can be rearranged to form other analytical questions such as period prevalence.
Availability
The command line interface is freely available from https://github.com/THINKINGGroup/analogy publication.
Unusual Excitation Wavelength Dependency of Quantum Yield in Water Soluble CdTe Quantum Dots
Authors: Nandi Chayan , Kaushik Kush , Mondal Jiban , Bag Ritesh , Sharma Shagun , Anjum Farhan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The Quantum yield (QY) of the semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) severely hampered by the inherent fluorescence intermittency. The QY of QDs usually increases with the increase in excitation wavelength. Here, we present an unusual behaviour where QY is found to decrease with increase in excitation wavelength in water soluble CdTe QDs (CQDs). Single particle measurement highlights the increase in permanent single dark particles at longer wavelength that comprehend the overall QY of the QDs in bulk solution. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy further revealed an increase in number of dark particles at longer wavelength. The presence of H+ ion in the water plays an important role in creating the permanently dark states in the CQDs. This observation was further supported by the cell internalization study of the QDs where much brighter images at shorter wavelength than longer wavelength were observed. A study of the excitation wavelength-dependent QY in QDs may reveal new insights into the applicability of QDs in different device fabrication cases.
El Niño Southern Oscillation and Tropical Basin Interaction in Idealized Worlds
Authors: Dommenget Dietmar , Hutchinson David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study we discuss a set of coupled general circulation model simulations with idealised geometries of the tropical ocean basins and land with a focus on important characteristics of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) type of variability and tropical basin interaction. In a series of 15 simulations, we first vary the zonal width of a single tropical ocean basin from 50o to 360o, while the rest of the tropical zone is set as land. Further we discuss different simplified configurations of two or three tropical ocean basins. The results show remarkable changes in ENSO characteristics as a function of basin width and due to the interaction with other basins that challenge our current understanding of ENSO dynamics. A single basin ENSO has an optimal basin width of about 150o (width of the Pacific) at which ENSO’s preferred period is the longest, the wind stress feedback is the strongest and variability is stronger than in all other basin widths, expect for the 350o basin. Tropical basin interactions substantially affect ENSO strength, periodicity, feedbacks, non-linearity, spatial scale and pattern. In experiments with two or three identical ocean basins we find highly synchronized ENSO modes that are identical between basins and far more energetic and oscillatory than the single basin modes. The results challenge our current understanding of core ENSO dynamics. The framework of these experiments can help to better understand the atmospheric dynamics of ENSO and should help to formulate an ENSO theory that incorporates tropical basin interactions as a core element.
Prokaryotic communities of the French Polynesian sponge Dactylospongia metachromia display a site-specific and stable diversity during an aquaculture trial
Authors: Maslin Mathilde , Paix Benoît , Windt Niels , Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Debitus Cécile , Gaertner-Mazouni Nabila , Ho Raimana , Voogd Nicole J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dynamics of microbiomes through time are fundamental regarding survival and resilience of their hosts when facing environmental alterations. As for marine species with commercial applications, such as marine sponges, assessing the temporal change of prokaryotic communities allows us to better consider the adaptation of sponges to aquaculture designs. The present study aims to investigate the factors shaping the microbiome of the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia (Order Dictyoceratida, family Thorectidae), in a context of aquaculture development in French Polynesia (Rangiroa, Tuamotu archipelago). A temporal approach targeting explants collected during farming trials revealed a relative high stability of the prokaryotic diversity, meanwhile a complementary biogeographical study confirmed a spatial specificity amongst samples at different longitudinal scales. Results from this additional spatial analysis confirmed that differences in prokaryotic communities might first be explained by environmental changes (mainly temperature and salinity), while no significant effect of the host phylogeny was observed. The core community of D. metachromia is thus characterized by a high spatiotemporal constancy, which is a good prospect for the sustainable exploitation of this species towards drug development. Indeed, a microbiome stability across locations and throughout the farming process, as evidenced by our results, should go against a negative influence of sponge translocation during in situ aquaculture.
Predicting Frequent-Infrequent Access of Objects in Tiered Cloud Storage Services
Authors: Motta Flávio A. A. , Gonçalves Glauber Dias , Bernardino Heder S. , Villela Saulo Moraes , Vieira Alex B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Cloud storage services provide both individual and business users with valuable functionalities like backup, data replication across different locations, data sharing, and collaborative work. These services often feature tiered storage options with various pricing models based on the classification of stored objects. Our research explores an increasingly important aspect for users: accurately predicting whether objects will be frequently or infrequently accessed, and thereby assigning them to the most cost-effective storage tier. We introduce a machine learning framework designed to dynamically determine the suitable class for objects based on their access patterns, achieving an accuracy rate surpassing 80\%. This framework's effectiveness is assessed through trace-driven simulations utilizing Dropbox data. The findings indicate that our approach can reduce storage costs by up to 37\% compared to other data allocation strategies reported in recent research.