bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsequent surgical treatment or maintenance immunotherapy in stage III lung cancer patients achieving a favorable response following neoadjuvant immunotherapy: A matched retrospective cohort study from the surgical perspective
Authors: Dai Fuqiang , Chen Cong , Zhou Guanyu , Wang Xintian , Mei Longyong , Luo Nanzhi , Zhou Wenjing , Li Tao , Deng Bo , Liu Lunxu , Wang Yun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent treatment strategies for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are highly individualized and subject to ongoing debates. In the era of immunotherapy, surgery assumes a critical role. The aim of this study was to investigate if subsequent surgical intervention, following a favorable response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, could yield a more favorable prognosis for patients with advanced stage III NSCLC compared to the continuation of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.MethodsWe included patients whose tumors exhibited a favorable response (including partial response [PR] and complete response [CR]) to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. These patients were categorized into two groups based on their subsequent treatment plans: surgical and nonsurgical (continuation of maintenance immunotherapy and chemotherapy). The efficacy and long‐term prognosis of these groups were compared after matching them in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores.ResultsIn total, 186 patients (93 in each group) were included in this study after matching via propensity scores. The 1‐ and 3‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 96.0%, 88.5%, and 93.1%, 80.7% in the surgical group, and 93.2%, 83.1%, and 57.7%, 50.4% in the nonsurgical group, respectively. Patients in the surgical group exhibited significantly superior PFS and OS compared to those in the nonsurgical group (p = 0.025 and p = 0.00086). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed ΔBMI, Δtumor size reduction, tumor response, earlier clinical stage (IIIb vs. IIIa), and surgery as independent protective factor for patient prognosis. We further selected 101 patients with CR (39 in the surgical group and 62 in the nonsurgical group) and found that patients in the surgical group were significantly better in both PFS and OS. Our subgroup analysis in postoperative patients demonstrated that different surgical strategies did not significantly affect the long‐term prognosis of patients (PFS and OS) but could impact their perioperative experience.ConclusionPatients with advanced stage III NSCLC, whose tumors achieved PR and CR after 2–4 cycles of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, experience a more promising prognosis with subsequent surgical intervention compared with the continued immunotherapy. Despite encountering formidable obstacles, such as protracted surgical procedures and associated trauma, we must rise to the challenge and unleash the power of surgery after immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.
Comprehensive vaping bans are associated with lower odds of initiation into electronic nicotine delivery systems use among young people
Authors: Vuolo Mike , Orsini Maria M. , Staff Jeremy , Maggs Jennifer L. , Kelly Brian C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsE‐cigarette and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use has grown considerably over the past decade, with notable increases among young people. US state policy contexts for ENDS and tobacco may shape initiation into ENDS use among adolescents as they age into early adulthood. We aimed to determine whether state‐level comprehensive vaping ban policies reduce the odds of youth initiation into ENDS use, net of additional state‐level ENDS and tobacco policies, as well as the youth's cigarette smoking status.DesignLongitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were merged with a state‐year database on tobacco and ENDS policies. Multivariable discrete‐time event history models of ENDS initiation were estimated.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsTwenty thousand twelve youth assessed over six waves from 2013 to 2019 (n = 53 974 observations).MeasurementWe examined comprehensive indoor vaping bans (i.e. 100% vape‐free workplaces, restaurants and bars) as a key factor in initiation into ENDS use (i.e. first instance of vaping) from age 13 to 22.FindingsAmong young people, residing in a state with a comprehensive vaping ban was associated with 18% lower odds of ENDS initiation (odds ratio = 0.82; 95% confidence interval =[0.71, 0.94]), even after controlling for other state ENDS and tobacco policies, the youth's cigarette smoking and socio‐demographic background and state‐level covariates.ConclusionsIn the United States, state‐level vaping bans (i.e. 100% vape‐free workplaces, restaurants and bars) are associated with reduced odds of youth initiation into electronic nicotine delivery systems use.
Infants' predictive minds: The role of motor experience
Authors: Schwarzer Gudrun , Jovanovic Bianca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability to predict upcoming events is essential in infancy because it enables babies to process information optimally and have successful goal‐directed interactions with their environment. In this article, we examine how infants generate predictions in perception, cognition, and action, and address whether and how their predictions are motivated and affected by their motor development. Our synthesis of research demonstrates that infants form predictions in the perception, cognition, and action domains based on perceived statistical information, pre‐existing and newly generated knowledge, and internal motor models. Our analysis reveals that infants' increasing fine and gross motor experiences have a moderating impact on the elaboration of the different bases for predictions. Based on this, we conclude that new motor experiences enable infants to constantly improve the bases from which they generate and update their predictions.
DeforestVis: Behaviour Analysis of Machine Learning Models with Surrogate Decision Stumps
Authors: Chatzimparmpas Angelos , Martins Rafeal M. , Telea Alexandru C. , Kerren Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the complexity of machine learning (ML) models increases and their application in different (and critical) domains grows, there is a strong demand for more interpretable and trustworthy ML. A direct, model‐agnostic, way to interpret such models is to train surrogate models—such as rule sets and decision trees—that sufficiently approximate the original ones while being simpler and easier‐to‐explain. Yet, rule sets can become very lengthy, with many if–else statements, and decision tree depth grows rapidly when accurately emulating complex ML models. In such cases, both approaches can fail to meet their core goal—providing users with model interpretability. To tackle this, we propose DeforestVis, a visual analytics tool that offers summarization of the behaviour of complex ML models by providing surrogate decision stumps (one‐level decision trees) generated with the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) technique. DeforestVis helps users to explore the complexity versus fidelity trade‐off by incrementally generating more stumps, creating attribute‐based explanations with weighted stumps to justify decision making, and analysing the impact of rule overriding on training instance allocation between one or more stumps. An independent test set allows users to monitor the effectiveness of manual rule changes and form hypotheses based on case‐by‐case analyses. We show the applicability and usefulness of DeforestVis with two use cases and expert interviews with data analysts and model developers.
Mechanical stability of posterior implant‐supported monolithic zirconia cantilever on titanium‐base abutments. An in vitro study
Authors: Riera Carme , Karasan Duygu , Sailer Irena , Mojon Phillipe , Fehmer Vincent , Pitta João 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeInvestigate survival and technical complications of two‐unit posterior implant‐supported cantilever made of monolithic zirconia on titanium‐base abutments (Zr‐TiB) vs. porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal on castable gold abutments (PFM‐GA) using two different implant connections, internal butt‐joint (IBJ) and internal conical (IC).Materials and MethodsForty‐eight implants (4.3 mm diameter) were divided into four groups (n = 12) to support 2‐unit mandibular premolar cantilevers with two different materials (Zr‐TiB vs. PFM‐GA) and two connection types (IBJ vs. IC). Tested groups were as follows: (1) IBJ/Zr‐TiB; (2) IBJ/PFM‐GA; (3) IC/Zr‐TiB; and (4) IC/PFM‐GA. Specimens were thermomechanical aged (1,200,000 cycles, 98 N, 5–55°C) with occlusal axial load on the pontic. Catastrophic and non‐catastrophic events were registered, and removal torque values measured before and after aging. Specimens surviving aging were subjected to loading until failure. Survival, total complication rates, torque loss (%), and bending moments were calculated.ResultsFrom 48 specimens, 38 survived aging. Survival rates significantly varied from 16.7% (IC/PFM‐GA) to 100% (IBJ/Zr‐TiB; IBJ/PFM‐GA; IC/Zr‐TiB) (p < .01). Internal conical connection revealed significantly higher torque loss (IC/ZrTiB – 67%) compared to internal butt‐joint (IBJ/Zr‐TiB – 44%; IBJ/PFM‐GA – 46%) (p < .01). Bending moments were higher in internal butt‐joint connections than in internal conical (p < .05).Conclusion and Clinical ImplicationsTwo‐unit posterior implant‐supported cantilever FDPs replacing mandibular premolars composed of monolithic zirconia on titanium‐base abutments demonstrated higher mechanical stability compared to porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal on castable gold abutments in this in vitro study. The internal conical connection combined with porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal on gold abutments revealed a high number of failures; therefore, their clinical use may be considered cautiously for this indication.
Indirect inguinal herniation of the urinary bladder in a Shetland pony foal
Authors: Buyck Camille , Robert Mickaël , Tricaud Cyril , Cousty Matthieu 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA 6‐week‐old male Shetland pony was presented with pollakiuria and a scrotal mass. The diagnostic procedures conducted included a thorough clinical examination, external palpation, a scrotal ultrasonographic examination and urinary catheterisation. These revealed an indirect herniation of the urinary bladder into the tunica vaginalis. Subsequently, the case was managed surgically with a partial cystectomy through an inguinal approach. Bilateral castration was performed with an additional closure of the superficial inguinal ring. Five months post‐surgery, a routine telephone questionnaire highlighted no postoperative concerns. Gross examination of the inguinal region revealed no abnormalities and the foal was maturing as expected.
Nuclear radiation shielding performance of the new lead‐free TeO2–Bi2O3–ZnO–BaF2glass
Authors: Yin Shiyu , Zhang Zhizhi , Xiang Yu , Qiao Qianqian , Ding Guanzhou , Huang Xianchao , Lin Qiuhan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper studied the radiation shielding properties of new lead‐free telluride glass with different BaF2content. The 65TeO2–15Bi2O3–(20 − x)ZnO–xBaF2glass systems (wherex = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 mol%) were tested through the X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass system exhibited good thermal stability and a uniform surface without surface crystallization. The linear attenuation coefficient of the TBZBF series glass was tested using five different gamma radiation sources (241Am,133Ba,57Co,137Cs, and60Co). They were calculated to the mass attenuation coefficient, half‐value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number through numerical simulations with XCOM software. The maximum mass attenuation coefficient for TBZBF‐9 was calculated to be 5.3577 cm2/g. Comparisons were made between this glass system and other tellurite and leaded glasses reported in the literature. The glass system exhibited superior radiation shielding capability compared to leaded tellurite glass under the same testing conditions. The gamma radiation shielding capacity increased with BaF2content in the glass system. These results show that TBZBF‐9 exhibited the best gamma radiation shielding effectiveness while maintaining glass transparency.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy data for foot skin oxygen saturation in healthy subjects
Authors: Suludere Mehmet A. , Tarricone Arthur , Najafi Bijan , Rogers Lee , Siah Michael C. , Kang Gu Eon , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate normative data for near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in 110 healthy volunteers by Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) and region of the foot. We obtained measurements of the dorsum and plantar foot using a commercially available device (SnapshotNIR, Kent Imaging, Calgary Canada). On the dorsum of the foot, people with FST6 had significantly lower oxygen saturation compared to FST1‐5 (p < 0.001), lower oxyhaemoglobin compared to FST2‐5 (p = 0.001), but there was no difference in deoxyhaemoglobin. No differences were found on the plantar foot. When comparing dorsal and plantar foot, there was higher oxyhaemoglobin (0.40 ± 0.09 vs. 0.51 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and deoxyhaemoglobin (0.16 ± 0.05 vs. 0.21 ± 0.05, p < 0.001) on the plantar foot, but no differences in oxygen saturation (dorsal 70.7 ± 10.8, plantar 70.0 ± 9.5, p = 0.414). In 6.4% of feet, there were black areas, for which no NIRS measurements could be generated. All areas with no data were on the dorsal foot and only found in FST 5–6. People with FST6 had significantly larger areas with no data compared to FST 5 (22.2 cm2 ± 20.4 vs. 1.9 cm2 ± 0.90, p = 0.007). These findings should be considered when using NIRS technology. Skin pigmentation should be evaluated in future NIRS studies.
Microwave dielectric properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4–BaMoO4 composite ceramics with ultralow sintering temperature
Authors: Alzakree Ahmed Redwan Hazaa , Wang Chang‐Hao , Shehbaz Muhammad , Wang Wei , Xu Di‐Ming , Du Chao , Zhou Di 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rapidly ever‐growing wireless communication demands development of low loss, ultralow sintering temperature dielectric ceramics with excellent microwave properties. In this work, fabrication and properties of novel microwave dielectric composite ceramics (1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4–xBaMoO4 (x = 0.3–0.6), in short as ((1 − x)NBM–xBM), synthesized via solid‐state reaction method with an ultralow sintering temperature is reported. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms the coexistence of both (Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4 and BaMoO4 scheelite phases. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated dense microstructures of ceramics sintered at 650°C and 700°C. The dielectric properties of (1 − x)NBM–xBM (x = 0.3–0.6) ceramic are significantly tailored by incorporation of BaMoO4. With the increase in x from 0.3 to 0.6, the (1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4–xBaMoO4 displays noticeable change in microwave permittivity (varying from 25.4 to 16.6), quality factor values, and temperature coefficient of frequency (range tunable from +37.6 ppm/°C to −14.2 ppm/°C). The microwave dielectric ceramic, 0.5(Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4–0.5BaMoO4, has optimum dielectric properties (, = 15 164 GHz, τf = −0.2 ppm/°C) at sintering temperature of 650°C. The dielectric resonator antenna designed using (1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4–xBaMoO4 ceramics demonstrated excellent radiation performance at resonance frequency of 5.905 GHz, gain of ∼5.8 dBi and 140 MHz bandwidth, which validates its microwave applications utilization within the field of ultralow temperature cofired ceramics technology.
Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐based ceramics with increased depolarization temperature and piezoelectric coefficient
Authors: Yang Jiao , Ren Pengrong , Wang Teng , Liu Zhiyong , Yan Fuxue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSodium bismuth titanate‐based materials are expected to be an alternative candidate to lead‐based ceramic materials due to their excellent electrical properties. However, the low depolarization temperature (Td) limits their practical application. In this work, the phase structure evolution and microstructure of 0.9(0.4Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3–0.6BiFeO3)–0.1BaTiO3: xZnO (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) (abbreviated as 100xZnO) composite ceramics are investigated, and their piezoelectric properties are improved by combination of constructing 0–3 type composites and quenching treatment technology. The addition of ZnO can increase both Td and d33 because ZnO can enhance the lattice distortion of rhombohedral phase and lead to the increase in ferroelectric order. Specifically, the optimum composition x = 0.03 obtains the d33 value of 106 pC/N (25°C), which retains 84% of the value at room temperature up to 240°C. And the quenching technology further enhances the ferroelectric order and increases Td, which is up to 280°C for x = 0.03.
Optimization in the energy storage properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–SrTiO3 ceramics by introducing Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3
Authors: Jiang Shunshun , Zhang Ji , Karpinsky Dmitry V. , Li Jinglei , Liu Lisha , Wang Yaojin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs one of the important electronic components, the dielectric capacitors for energy storage applications have been extensively studied in recent years. Among various dielectric materials, the perovskite oxide Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based ceramics have become promising candidates due to their high polarization, dielectric tunability, environment‐friendly composition, and so forth. Herein, the relaxor ferroelectric ceramics of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–SrTiO3–Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 were prepared via solid‐state reaction method. The sample with optimal composition not only retains the high polarization by introducing Bi3+ ions, but also achieves the reduced remanent polarization by enhancing relaxor behavior and the promoted electric breakdown strength by the grain size refinement. Accordingly, a high recoverable energy density of 8.3 J/cm3 under 450 kV/cm and the superb charge/discharge properties (current density CD = 1200 A/cm2, power density PD = 150 MW/cm3, charge/discharge time t0.9 = 0.15 µs) are achieved, revealing great prospect in energy storage applications.
Increased panicle nitrogen application improves rice yield by alleviating high‐temperature damage during panicle initiation to anther development
Authors: Hu Qiuqian , Yan Na , Cui Kehui , Li Guohui , Wang Wencheng , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe grain yield is closely associated with spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under high temperatures, and nitrogen (N) plays a crucial role in yield formation. To investigate the effect of panicle N application on yield formation under high temperatures at the panicle initiation stage, two rice varieties [Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ, heat susceptible) and Shanyou63 (SY63, heat tolerant)] were grown and exposed to high daytime temperature (HT) and control temperature (Control) during the panicle initiation stage. Low (LPN) and high (HPN) panicle N applications were conducted. HT markedly decreased the yields by 87% at LPN and 48% at HPN in LYPJ and 31% at LPN and 36% at HPN in SY63. The decrease in grain yield under HT was primarily attributed to the decline in spikelet fertility, HPN increased spikelet fertility. HT resulted in the abnormal development of anthers, which included disordered, enlarged, and broken anther wall layers, degraded and irregularly shaped microspores, delayed tapetum degradation, less vacuolated microspores per locule, abnormal and aborted pollen grains; however, HPN improved the development of anthers under HT, particularly in LYPJ. A high rate of evapotranspiration resulted in an approximately 1°C decrease in panicle temperatures at HPN compared with that at LPN in both varieties under HT. Overall, these results demonstrate that the increased panicle N application favors normal anther development in LYPJ by decreasing the panicle temperature, which results in high pollen viability and spikelet fertility, and consequently less yield loss under HT.
Why do people buy insurance? A modern answer to an old question
Authors: Rieger‐Fels Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree archetypical models of insurance demand based, respectively, on risk aversion, state‐dependent marginal utility, and imperfectly divisible consumption are presented. These models show that the common principle underlying insurance is not always a risk transfer but meeting a conditional need. In general, insurance aligns the risk in one's financial endowment with the risk in one's financial needs. This extension of the traditional view of insurance allows simple generalizations of classic results, has implications for policy advice, and may help guiding further research.
Exploring Retrograde Trafficking: Mechanisms and Consequences in Cancer and Disease
Authors: Bingham Rachel , McCarthy Helen , Buckley Niamh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTRetrograde trafficking (RT) orchestrates the intracellular movement of cargo from the plasma membrane, endosomes, Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in an inward/ER‐directed manner. RT works as the opposing movement to anterograde trafficking (outward secretion), and the two work together to maintain cellular homeostasis. This is achieved through maintaining cell polarity, retrieving proteins responsible for anterograde trafficking and redirecting proteins that become mis‐localised. However, aberrant RT can alter the correct location of key proteins, and thus inhibit or indeed change their canonical function, potentially causing disease. This review highlights the recent advances in the understanding of how upregulation, downregulation or hijacking of RT impacts the localisation of key proteins in cancer and disease to drive progression. Cargoes impacted by aberrant RT are varied amongst maladies including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, bacterial and viral infections (including SARS‐CoV‐2), and cancer. As we explore the intricacies of RT, it becomes increasingly apparent that it holds significant potential as a target for future therapies to offer more effective interventions in a wide range of pathological conditions.
Radiographic and computed tomographic characteristics of intraluminal tracheal adenoma in a cat
Authors: An Yoojin , Lee Yeonhee , Kim Sungsoo , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 13‐year‐old spayed female Persian cat presented with dyspnea and nasal discharge. Thoracic radiography revealed a dome‐shaped soft‐tissue opacity in the carina. Computed tomography confirmed a soft tissue‐attenuating mass in the carina and the left and right proximal main bronchi that appeared to arise from the tracheal wall. Tracheoscopy revealed an intraluminal broad‐based mass with multilobulated borders at the same location. Histopathological evaluation revealed a benign neoplastic process of the glandular epithelial lineage, which was considered an adenoma. Tracheal adenomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of tracheal masses.