bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial control of white grubs with entomopathogenic fungi and its value in integrated pest management (IPM) in Nepal
Authors: G. C. Yubak Dhoj , Keller Siegried , Nagel Peter 
Published: August 2007

With an objective to explore the possibility of biocontrol of white grubs using entomopathogenic fungi, an exploratory tudy was conducted in the Syangja and Parbat districts in nepal in the winter of 2001/2002. In order to explore the occurrence of indigenous fungal pathogens of white grubs, field and laboratory experiments were carried out and information were collected from all available sources. Upon collection of the white grubs the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae was found to be associated with white grubs in fields with arable crop. Disease prevalence was between ) and 2% depending on host origin and species. Bioassays revealed that the Nepalese isolates of this fungus species were as pathogenic as a Swiss isolate used for comparison purposes. Therefore, Future work will be done exclusively with Nepalese isolates. Analysis of soils from three different regions showed that M. anisopliae is common and was present in about 50% of the samples irrespective of their origin. However, the fungus densities were low. Another entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was isolated as well from a few soil samples. Based on these first results, the possibilities to develop mycoinsecticides and to integrate them into existing pest management (IMP) systems are considered as very promising. In the meantime a project funded by Helvetas has been initiated at Tribhuvan University (TU), Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.
Key words: Biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, Scarabaeidae, white grubs, Nepal.
Maternal Death Audit: Experience from a Periurban Hospital
Authors: Tasnim S , Kabir N , Rahman A , Ahmed A , Chowdhury S 
Published: August 2007

Maternal death audit is becoming a routine process in the practice of obstetric care in both developed and developing countries. Review of case records of maternal deaths between September 1999 and December 2004 was done to find out the profile of the patients and factors associated with the deaths in a periurban hospital in Dhaka. A total 40 maternal deaths occured among 14,137 live births amounting MMR 282 per 100,000 live births.
Mean age of deceased mothers was 24.85± 5.6 years, 25% were primipara and vaginal delivery occurred in 42.46% cases. Thirty percent deaths occured within six hours of admission to hospital and 73% deaths occurred during post-partum period. The primary obstetric cause of deaths were severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (42.5%), haemorrhage (17.5%), obstructed labour (12.5%) and sepsis (7.5%) respectively.
Facility based audit into maternal deaths provide an opportunity to understand the inciting factors and is recommended to be implemented for improvement of professional practice and management.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 5-9)
A Clinical Study on Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Karim MM , Choudhury SA , Husain MM , Faiz MA 
Published: August 2007

Findings of 80 patients of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis are described in this study. Most of the patients were under 30 years of age (71.2%), female patients were 56.3% and housewives were 37.3%. Lower socio-economic class were commonly affected (66.2%). Eighteen patients (22.5%) were smoker and almost equal number of cases had the history of intake of un-boiled milk. 44% patients were not vaccinated against tuberculosis. 36.2% patients had history of contact with tuberculous patients and 18.8% had previous history of tuberculosis. 70% patients had the history of fever and 30% had history of cough. Significant weight loss was noted in 85% patients. Lymph node tuberculosis was 36.2%, abdominal tuberculosis 35%. Cervical lymph nodes alone (37.9%) were commonly affected among the lymph node tuberculosis. Diagnosis was mainly based on histopathological examination or biopsy of specimen (97.5%) and demonstrations of AFB was possible in 2.5% cases. Along with surgical treatment medical treatment (chemotherapy) were prescribed in every patient. Forty-eight patients came for follow up. All responded to anti tubercular chemotherapy.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 19-28)
Clinico-Pathological Study on Haemophilia: An Analysis of 50 Cases
Authors: Uddin MM , Rahman MJ , Rahman MM , Sultana SA , Shah MS 
Published: August 2007

A prospective study was carried out on the patients presenting with history of recurrent joint swelling and wound bleeding in outpatient department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment from January 2000 to December 2000. Fifty patients were studied. The predominant age group affected were between six and 15 years (44%). Recurrent joint swelling was the predominant presenting symptom (100%) followed by wound bleeding (52%) and bleeding after tooth extraction (38%). Thirty (60%) patients had positive family history of bleeding. Coagulation screening tests showed that 40 (80%) patients had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Amongst these 40 patients, 32 (80%) were diagnosed as haemophilia-A and eight (20%) as haemophilia-B. Eighteen (45%) patients had mild haemophilia, 17 (42.50%) moderate haemophilia and five (12.50%) patients had severe haemophilia. Spontaneous bleeding history was present in seven (17.50%) patients, and 16 (35.50%) patients with moderate haemophilia and 17 (47%) patients with mild haemophilia had bleeding following trauma or surgery.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 50-53)
Malignant Biliary Obstruction: Clinical Outcome of Endoscopic Intervention - An Experience of Tertiary Centers
Authors: Kabir MM , Masud MA , Rahman MM , Hoque MN , Hossain SM , Bhuiyan TM , Alam MM , Arfin MS , Rahman MA , Mohsen AQM , Khan AKA 
Published: August 2007

Most patients with malignant obstructive jaundice present at a stage when they are beyond the scope of curative surgery. Endoscopic stenting is the approach of choice worldwide to improve quality of life and survival of such patients. The aim of this study was to find out overall clinical outcome of endoscopic intervention in malignant obstructive jaundice. This prospective study done in two tertiary gastroenterology centers in Dhaka included consecutively admitted 79 adult patients with malignant biliary obstruction for endoscopic stenting, followed by a follow-up period of six months. Outcome evaluation included success rate of stenting and drainage, complications, and mortality rate at one-month, and survival up to six-months. ERCP revealed carcinoma of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of gallbladder, and metastasis in the biliary trees in 22 (27.8%), 22 (27.8%), 20 (25.3%), 11 (13.9%), and 04 (5.1%) cases respectively. Successful stenting and drainage could be achieved in 62 (78.5%) and 58 (73.4%) cases. Stent blockage (23.9%) and cholangitis (19.4%) were the main complications. Total death at one-month was nine of 55 (16.4%), and 21 (38.2%) patients survived up to six-months, with no difference in one-month mortality rate among the malignancies (P>0.05). Stenting prolonged six-month (88.2%) and mean survival (121.2±67.7 days) only in patients with periampullary carcinoma (P<0.001). Endoscopic stenting can safely be done in malignant biliary obstruction to offer palliation with an outcome, which is not unsatisfactory.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 61-68)
Autogenous Tooth Transplantation from Ectopic Position: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Howlader MMR , Begum S , Naulakha D 
Published: August 2007

Autogenous tooth transplantation, is the surgical movement of a tooth from one location in the mouth to another in the same individual. Once thought to be experimental, autotransplantation has achieved high success rates and is an excellent option for tooth replacement. Although the indications for autotransplantation are narrow, careful patient selection coupled with an appropriate technique can lead to exceptional esthetic and functional results. One advantage of this procedure is that placement of an implant-supported prosthesis or other form of prosthetic tooth replacement is not needed. This article highlights the indications for autogenous tooth transplantation using one case report as example. Reviews of previous works as well as success rates are also discussed.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 79-85)
Effectiveness and Complications of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Murshed KM , Siddique MI , Rahman MA 
Published: August 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and morbidity of chemical sphincterotomy by 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. The main end points were symptom relief, fissure healing and side effects.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted to see the effectiveness and side effects of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of patients with chronic anal fissure attending the outpatient department of surgery from February 2004 to the end of February 2005. All the patients were followed up at 2 weeks interval for 8 weeks. The primary focus was fissure healing and the secondary focus were on improvement of symptoms, need for surgical sphincterotomy and side effects.
Results: One hundred and twenty two adult patients, both male and female with chronic anal fissure were treated with local application of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate. Pain relief occurred earlier than fissure healing. At the end of 8 weeks treatment about two third of the total patients got complete pain relief and fissure healing. Headache was the major side effect.
Conclusion: Topical application of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) should be the initial treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure to avoid the long term complication of incontinence following surgical sphincterotomy.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 14-17)
Congenital Abnormalities of Female Genital Tract
Authors: Baby HA 
Published: August 2007

Objective: To observe the congenital abnormalities of female genital tract those are found in our population and their clinical implication.
Place of study: Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur.
Study period: January 2001 to December 2005.
Methods and Materials: During the study period all cases of congenital abnormalities of female genital tract diagnosed in Faridpur Medical College Hospital were studied.
Results: Total 74 women with different types of congenital abnormalities were detected. Though some cases were diagnosed incidentally, the various symptoms they produced were primary amenorrhea, apareunia, dyspareunia, hematocolpos and hematometra, infertility, prolapse uterus, abortions, ectopic pregnancy, premature labour and malpresentations. Among the 74 patients 35(47.3%) patients were treated at this centre, 24(32.4%) patients needed no treatment, 3(4%) patients were referred to higher centres for specialized treatment.
Conclusion: Different types of congenital abnormalities of female genital tract are found in our population which cause various symptoms and complications. Though not all abnormalities need treatment and some need very simple treatment, there are some cases which need specialized treatment and expertise.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 23-28)
Haemophilia: An Update
Authors: Saha MM , Ullah SMJ , Mondal DK , Bakar MA , Bhuiyan JH 
Published: August 2007

Haemophilia has been recognized a clinical entity since Biblical times when there was repeated history of death from circumcisional bleeding in male siblings. Recent advances in protein chemistry and recombinant DNA technology have produced a comprehensive account both of normal coagulation and of the molecular genetics of some type of haemophilia. Haemophilia is a hereditary coagulation disorders usually of male associated with serious bleeding which is transmitted by healthy women. It is caused by a reduction in the amount or activity of factor VIII. This protein serves as a cofactor for factor IX in the activation factor X in the coagulation cascade. Haemophilia A & Haemophilia B exhibit a wide range of clinical severity that correlate well the level of factor VIII activity. Those with less than 1% of normal activity develop severe disease; levels between 2% and 5% of normal are associated with moderate disease; and patient with 6% to 50% of activity developed mild disease. The variable degrees of factor VIII deficiency are largely explained by heterogenecity in the causative mutation. Several genetic lesions - deletions, nonsense mutations that create loop codons, splicing errors have been documented. Most severe deficiencies result from an unusual inversions involving X chromosomes that completely abolishes the synthesis of factor VIII. Haemophilia is inherited as X-linked recessive trait, and thus occurs in male and both homozygous and heterozygous female. Approximately 30% of patients have no family history; their disorder is presumably caused by new mutation.
In this review article we want to highlight the recent aspects of haemophilia including the occurrence of haemophilia in female, genetic causes of coagulation factor deficiency, carrier detection and antenatal diagnosis, upto date diagnostic tools of this hereditary coagulation disorder as well as management of haemophiliac patients in special situation like circumcision, road traffic accident, minor and major surgery.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 29-37)
Management of Steroid Sensitive Idiopathic Nephritic Syndrome in Children
Authors: Uddin GM 
Published: August 2007

Minimal change disease has become synonymous with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome as most of them achieve remission with corticosteroid therapy. Nephrotic syndrome is a common chronic disorder in children characterized by minimal change disease in majority. Despite being one of the most common renal conditions encountered in paediatric practice significant questions regarding treatment remain unanswered. Recent data from reviews shows that increased duration (3-6 months) of prednisolone compared with 2 months significantly reduced risk of relapse for the initial episode. Remission of proteinuria following corticosteroid therapy has greater prognostic value, in relation to long term outcome, then the precise renal histology. In relapsing SSNS prolong prednisolone treatment, daily prednisolone during infections, significantly reduced risk of relapse. Treatment with levamisole, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil is beneficial in valuable proportion of patients. Prospective trials are necessary to identify effective and safe therapies for frequently relapsing and steroid dependent patients.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 38-42)
Weber Christian Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain MM , Afroza S , Kabir ARML , Haque O , Hossain M 
Published: August 2007

A 9-year-old male child presented with fever, polyarthritis, cough and difficult breathing. He had characteristics skin lesion and reticulonodular shadows on chest X-ray. Initially, it appeared to be a case of sarcoidosis but finally histologically proved to be a rare adipose tissue disorder - Weber Christian disease (WCD).
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 43-46)
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) with Hypothyroidism in a Four and Half Year Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Rahman SA , Sultana J , Huque SS , Kawser CA 
Published: August 2007

A four and half years old boy was admitted in the Paediatric ward of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with the complaints of tightening of skin at different parts of the body and contracture of the joints. Three years back he was admitted in the same hospital for weakness, less activity and constipation. At that time he was diagnosed as a case of hypothyroidism. On examination the boy had expressionless face, pinched nose and microstomia. There was tightening and hardening of skin all over the body associated with sclerodactyly and contractures and flexion deformities of all the distal joints of the extremities. From the history, clinical findings and supportive investigations the boy was diagnosed as a case of systemic sclerosis with hypothyroidism.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 47-51)
Conformations of DNA strands containing GAGT, GACA, or GAGC tetranucleotide repeats
Authors: Kypr Jaroslav , Kejnovská Iva , Vorlíčková Michaela 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe (GA)n microsatellite has been known from previous studies to adopt unusual, ordered, cooperatively melting secondary structures in neutral aqueous solutions containing physiological concentrations of salts, at acid pH values or in aqueous ethanol solutions. To find more about the primary structure specificity of these structures, we performed parallel comparative studies of related tetranucleotide repeats (GAGC)5, (GAGT)5, and (GACA)5. The general conclusion following from these comparative studies is that the primary structure specificity is fairly high, indicating that not only guanines but also adenines play a significant role in the stabilization of these unusual structures. (GAGC)5 is a hairpin or a duplex depending on DNA concentration. Neither acid pH nor ionic strength or the presence of ethanol changed the secondary structure of (GAGC)5 in a significant way. (GACA)5 forms a weakly stable hairpin in neutral aqueous solutions but forms a duplex at acid pH where cytosine is protonated. (GAGT)5 behaves most similar to (GAGA)5. Salt induces its hairpin to duplex transition at neutral pH and an isomerization into another, probably parallel stranded, duplex takes place at acid pH. (GAGT)5 is the only of the three present 20‐mers that responds to ethanol like (GAGA)5. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 218–224, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Encapsulation of Trigonopsis variabilis D‐amino acid oxidase and fast comparison of the operational stabilities of free and immobilized preparations of the enzyme
Authors: Nahalka Jozef , Dib Iskandar , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA one‐step procedure of immobilizing soluble and aggregated preparations of D‐amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis (TvDAO) is reported where carrier‐free enzyme was entrapped in semipermeable microcapsules produced from the polycation poly(methylene‐co‐guanidine) in combination with CaCl2 and the polyanions alginate and cellulose sulfate. The yield of immobilization, expressed as the fraction of original activity present in microcapsules, was approximately 52 ± 5%. The effectiveness of the entrapped oxidase for O2‐dependent conversion of D‐methionine at 25°C was 85 ± 10% of the free enzyme preparation. Because continuous spectrophotometric assays are generally not well compatible with insoluble enzymes, we employed a dynamic method for the rapid in situ estimation of activity and relatedly, stability of free and encapsulated oxidases using on‐line measurements of the concentration of dissolved O2. Integral and differential modes of data acquisition were utilized to examine cases of fast and slow inactivation of the enzyme, respectively. With a half‐life of 60 h, encapsulated TvDAO was ≈720‐fold more stable than the free enzyme under conditions of bubble aeration at 25°C. The soluble oxidase was stabilized by added FAD only at temperatures of 35°C or greater. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 251–260. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Particle‐tethered NADH for production of methanol from CO2 catalyzed by coimmobilized enzymes
Authors: El‐Zahab Bilal , Donnelly Dustin , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEfficient cofactor regeneration and reuse are highly desired for many important biotransformation applications. Here we show for the first time that cofactor NAD(H) covalently attached to micro particles, which can be easily recovered and reused, effectively mediated multistep reactions catalyzed by enzymes that were also immobilized with the micro particles. Such an immobilized enzyme‐cofactor catalytic system was examined for the production of methanol from CO2 with in situ cofactor regeneration. Four enzymes including formate, formaldehyde, alcohol, and glutamate dehydrogenases were coimmobilized using the same particles as that used for cofactor immobilization (enzymes and cofactor were immobilized separately). Reactions were performed by bubbling CO2 in a suspension solution of the particle‐attached enzymes and cofactor. It appeared that the collision among the particles afforded sufficient interactions between the cofactor and enzymes, and thus enabled the sequential transformation of CO2 to methanol along with cofactor regeneration. For a 30‐min batch reaction, a productivity of 0.02 µmol methanol/h/g‐enzyme was achieved. That was lower than but comparable to the 0.04 µmol methanol/h/g‐enzyme observed for free enzymes and cofactor at the same reaction conditions. The immobilized system showed fairly good stabilities in reusing. Over 80% of their original productivity was retained after 11 reusing cycles, with a cumulative methanol yield based on the amount of cofactor reached 127%. That was a promising enhancement in cofactor utilization as compared to the single‐batch yield of 12% observed with free enzymes and free cofactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 508–514. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silica‐immobilized His6‐tagged enzyme: Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solvent
Authors: Cassimjee Karim Engelmark , Trummer Martin , Branneby Cecilia , Berglund Per 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new immobilization method for enzymes is presented to facilitate synthetic applications in aqueous as well as organic media. The enzyme Alanine racemase (AlaR) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus was cloned, overexpressed and then immobilized on a silica‐coated thin‐layer chromatography plate to create an enzyme surface. The enzyme, fused to a His6‐tag at its N‐terminal, was tethered to the chemically modified silica‐coated TLC plate through cobalt ions. The immobilized enzyme showed unaltered kinetic parameters in small‐scale stirred reactions and retained its activity after rinsing, drying, freezing or immersion in n‐hexane. This practical method is a first step towards a general immobilization method for synthesis applications with any enzyme suitable for His6‐tagging. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 712–716. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.