bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of hierarchical cellular networks with queueing and user retrials
Authors: Liu Xiao , Fapojuwo Abraham O. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHow to efficiently utilize the scarce radio channel resource while maintaining the desired user‐perceived quality level and improved network performance is a major challenge to a wireless network designer. As one solution to meet this challenge in cellular mobile networks, a network architecture with hierarchical layers of cells has been widely considered. In this paper, we study the performance of a hierarchical cellular network that allows the queueing of both overflow slow‐mobility calls (from the lower layer microcells) and macrocell handover fast‐mobility calls that are blocked due to lack of free resources at the macrocell. Further, to accurately represent the wireless user behaviour, the impact of call repeat phenomenon is considered in the analysis of new call blocking probability. Performance analysis of the hierarchical cellular structure with queueing and call repeat phenomenon is performed using both analytical and simulation techniques. Numerical results show that queueing of calls reduces forced call termination probability and increases resource utilization with minimal call queueing delay. It is also shown that ignoring repeat calls leads to optimistic estimates of new call blocking probability especially at high offered traffic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New drug targets for depression and anxiety: Is the peptides era arriving?
Authors: Gurwitz David , Weizman Abraham 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe monoamine theory of mood disorders has dominated psychiatric dogma for nearly 50 years. Recent findings about the role of brain peptides in the regulation of emotions and behavior challenge this over‐simplified theory, and are about to open the door for a new era, focused on peptides as putative complementary drug targets in psychiatry. The development of improved animal models for depression would accelerate its arrival. Drug Dev. Res. 65:93–96, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between melatonin and cortisol rhythms: clinical implications of melatonin therapy
Authors: Zisapel N. , Tarrasch R. , Laudon M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDisturbances in circadian rhythm have been linked to chronic diseases such as insomnia, hypertension, diabetes, and depression. Here we review recent studies on the age‐related changes in cortisol and melatonin rhythms and then present descriptive statistics on our preliminary findings on the rectification of the cortisol rhythms by melatonin therapy in elderly patients with insomnia. In adults, the melatonin onset typically occurs during low cortisol secretion. Administration of exogenous melatonin around dusk will shift the phase of the human circadian clock to earlier hours (advance phase shift) leading to phase advances in circadian rhythms (e.g., sleep, endogenous melatonin, cortisol). With aging, the production of melatonin declines and is shifted to later hours while the production of cortisol increases and its peak occurs earlier in the night. In a randomized placebo‐controlled crossover study with 8 patients with insomnia aged 55 years and older, a group characterized by low and delayed melatonin production, administration of prolonged‐release melatonin in the evening was able to rectify the early onset cortisol production. This delay in nocturnal cortisol onset may explain in part the improvement in sleep quality in elderly patients with insomnia, in schizophrenics, and in depressed patients. Support of circadian pacemaker function by melatonin may provide a new strategy in the treatment of disorders related to impairments in the internal temporal order. The clinical benefit from a decrease in cortisol during the early part of the night may lie beyond the improvement of sleep into a better control of blood pressure, metabolism, and mood. Drug Dev. Res. 65:119–125, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5‐HT1Breceptor: a target for antidepressant drugs?
Authors: Chenu Franck , Dailly Eric , Bourin Michel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIt is generally accepted that about two thirds of patients treated for depression respond only after several weeks (2 to 8 weeks) whilst a third do not respond at all. A depressed patient's response to a treatment is defined by at least 50% reduction of the symptoms evaluated on a standard instrument (i.e., Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Thus, a response to an antidepressant treatment cannot be considered as a remission. Remission can take many months to occur. It is then crucial to find new targets for antidepressants development or co‐administration strategies in order to reduce the long delay in onset of action and improve the efficiency of current treatments. According to their mechanism of action, current antidepressants induce an increase in serotonin and/or noradrenaline neurotransmission by increasing the monoamine extracellular level available in the synaptic cleft. It is then highly possible that the antidepressant effect depends on the synaptic receptor(s) activated. In the case of serotonergic compounds, 14 subtypes of receptors could be stimulated. In this short review, we focus on the impact of 5‐HT1Breceptor activation in the mediation of antidepressant‐like effect. Drug Dev. Res. 65:141–146, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pharmacogenetics of antidepressant treatments for depressive disorders
Authors: Lee Min‐Soo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPharmacological treatments for depressive disorder vary between individuals, with 30–40% of patients not responding sufficiently to antidepressant drugs. Different genetic makeups are thought to play an important role in the actions of antidepressants, but there are presently no gold‐standard genetic markers for determining the response to antidepressants. In this report, we review the work focused on the association between antidepressant responses and genetic polymorphisms, including in the serotonin transporter, tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin receptor 2A, serotonin receptor 6, G‐protein β subunit, and the norepinephrine transporter. Drug Dev. Res. 65:170–178, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suicide risk and antidepressants: beyond the controversy
Authors: Hoogendijk Witte J.G. , Lieverse Ritsaert , Beekman Aartjan T.F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecently, the risk for suicide while on antidepressant medication became of great concern. Summarizing the literature, it seems that the majority of reports support the favourable effect of antidepressants on suicide rates in general, by diminishing the underlying depression. Some studies, however, suggest that the advantageous effect of antidepressants is partly abolished by its increased risk for suicide, especially in children. Therefore, in the present article, we propose a number of practical diagnostic and therapeutic measures to diminish the risk for suicide in patients on antidepressants. First, the age of the patient should be taken into account, since in children the effect of antidepressants over placebo is not as clear as in adults. Therefore, the indication for antidepressants in children should be restricted to those with severe depression, who cannot be treated by other means and the prescribing of antidepressants to children should be reserved to psychiatrists. Moreover, also in adults, it is important to take the severity and type of depression into account, since the effect of antidepressants in mild depression is less clear than in severe depression and the agitated, “pseudo‐unipolar” type of depression requires a different treatment strategy. Therefore, the decision to prescribe antidepressants should be made by a physician who is experienced in estimating depression severity and type. Probably, the most rewarding measure to decrease suicide rates among depressed patients is adequate antidepressant treatment, since under‐treatment seems to be a serious problem in depressed patients who commit suicide. During this treatment, safety must be ensured and psychosocial factors addressed. Furthermore, antidepressants should be used with low risk for suicide in overdose and, if necessary, benzodiazepines against agitation in the first weeks of treatment. Finally, debriefing strategies, ongoing support, and counselling following suicide should be available for both family and caregivers. Drug Dev. Res. 65:179–184, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New, Multi‐Dimensional Cu(tn)‐[M(CN)6]n– Cyano‐Bridged, Bimetallic Coordination Materials (M = FeII, CoIII, CrIII and tn = 1,3‐Diaminopropane)
Authors: Triki Smail , Sala‐Pala Jean , Thétiot Franck , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Daran Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2005

AbstractReaction of the [FeIII(CN)6]3– anion with [CuII(tn)(H2O)n]2+ (tn = 1,3‐diaminopropane) affords the compounds [{CuII(tn)}2{FeII(CN)6}]·KCl·5H2O (1), [{CuII(tn)}2{FeII(CN)6}]·4H2O (2), and [{CuII(tnH)2(H2O)2}{FeII(CN)6}]·2H2O (3). Each iron center in 1 and 2 is linked to six copper(II) ions by six cyanide bridges, while each copper ion is linked to three equivalent iron(II) ions. Despite these resemblances, the two compounds present large structural differences caused by two different orientations of the Cu–NC–Fe bridges: compound 1 has a 2D structure which can be described as successions of “Cu4Fe3” defective cubane units, while compound 2 displays a 3D arrangement. Compound 3, in which only two trans‐CN groups are bridging, displays a 1D structure. The tn ligand is chelating in 1, as is usually observed in several parent compounds, but is unexpectedly a bridging ligand in 2 and a terminal protonated tnH+ ligand in 3. Thus, the dimension of the three compounds seems to depend on the tn coordination modes. For the three iron compounds 1–3, the synthetic processes involve the spontaneous reduction of the paramagnetic [FeIII(CN)6]3– anion into the diamagnetic [FeII(CN)6]4– anion. In order to avoid such diamagnetic building blocks, the paramagnetic [Cr(CN)6]3– anion was used instead of the iron(III) analog, leading to [{CuII(tn)}3{CrIII(CN)6}2]·3H2O (4), which is the first 2D ferromagnet containing “‐Cu–NC–Cr‐” linkages. A similar study was performed using the diamagnetic [Co(CN)6]3– anion, leading to [{CuII(tn)}3{CoIII(CN)6}2]·3H2O (5), which is the Co analog of 4. The magnetic properties of compounds 1–3 and 5 show the presence of isolated CuII ions with weak ferromagnetic (1) or antiferromagnetic (2, 3, and 5) interactions. Compound 4 presents a long‐range ferromagnetic ordering below Tc = 9.5 K.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Homo‐ and Heterobimetallic Complexes of the General Formula [Cp*Ru(μ‐Cl)3ML] [LM = (arene)Ru, Cp*Rh, Cp*Ir]
Authors: Quebatte Laurent , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe homo‐ and heterobimetallic complexes [Cp*Ru(μ‐Cl)3ML] [LM = (C6H6)Ru, (cymene)Ru, (1,3,5‐C6H3iPr3)Ru, Cp*Rh, Cp*Ir] were prepared by reaction of [Cp*Ru(μ‐OMe)]2 with Me3SiCl and subsequent addition of [LMCl2]2.The complexes [Cp*Ru(μ‐Cl)3Ru(cymene)] and [Cp*Ru(μ‐Cl)3IrCp*] were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. In crossover experiments with [Cp*Rh(μ‐Cl)3RuCl(PPh3)2] and [Cp*Ru(μ‐Cl)3Ru(1,3,5‐C6H3iPr3)] in CD2Cl2, a dynamic equilibrium with the complexes [Cp*Rh(μ‐Cl)3RuCp*] and [(1,3,5‐C6H3iPr3)Ru(μ‐Cl)3RuCl(PPh3)2] was rapidly established, demonstrating the kinetic lability of the triple chloro bridge. Upon reaction of [Cp*Rh(μ‐Cl)3RuCp*] with benzene, the ionic complex [Cp*Ru(C6H6)][Cp*RhCl3] was formed, which was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Theoretical Study on PdIIComplexes Containing Hemilabile Pyrazole‐Derived Ligands
Authors: Rimola Albert , Sodupe Mariona , Ros Josep , Pons Josefina 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe properties of PdIIcomplexes containing hemilabile pyrazole‐derived ligands (L) of the form BPz‐(CH2)xA(CH2)yA(CH2)x‐PzB, with A being a donor atom and B a substituent group at the pyrazole ring, have been investigated through quantum‐chemical calculations. The geometries of the [PdLCl2] and [PdL]2+complexes have been optimized and the reaction free energy of [PdLCl2] → [PdL]2++ 2 Cl–computed for 32 different ligands, using the hybrid B3LYP density functional method. The formation of the tetracoordinate [PdL]2+complexes is more favorable for the longer (eight‐ and nine‐membered) chains than for the shorter (six‐ and seven‐membered) ones. Moreover, results show the nature of the donor atom A influences significantly the formation of [PdL]2+, the process becoming more favorable according to the order PH > NH > S > O. Finally, electron‐donor substituents at the pyrazole ring enhance the formation of [PdL]2+, whereas electron‐acceptor groups hinder the process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Two Precursors of Heterocarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Abeijón Paula , Blanco José M. , Fernández Franco , García Marcos D. , López Carmen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe racemic heterobicyclic amino alcohols 6 and 7, which are of interest as intermediates in the synthesis of nucleoside analogues with heterobicyclic pseudosugars, were efficiently prepared from 2‐thienylsuccinic acid via methyl 4‐hydroxyimino‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐cyclopenta[b]thiophene‐6‐carboxylate [(±)‐14]. The target compounds were obtainedtogether by direct reduction of (±)‐14 with AlH3 in refluxing THF, and were separated by flash chromatography of their N‐acetylated derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Direct Synthesis of Protected Arylacetaldehydes by Tetrakis(phosphane)palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Ethyleneglycol Vinyl Ether
Authors: Kondolff Isabelle , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA range of aryl bromides undergo Heck reaction with ethylene glycol vinyl ether, in the presence of [PdCl(C3H5)]2/cis,cis,cis‐1,2,3,4‐tetrakis[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]cyclopentane as catalyst, to give regioselectively protected arylacetaldehydes in good yields. The β‐arylation products were obtained in with 93–100 % selectivity with electron‐poor aryl bromides or heteroaryl bromides. Furthermore, this catalyst can be used at low loading, even for reactions with sterically hindered aryl bromides. The aryl vinyl ether intermediates undergo subsequent ketalisation to give the corresponding 2‐benzyl‐1,3‐dioxolane derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Novel Polyfunctional Tautomeric Systems Containing Salicylideneamino and Proton Sponge Moieties
Authors: Ozeryanskii Valery A. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Schilf Wojciech , Kamieński Bohdan , Sawka‐Dobrowolska Wanda , Sobczyk Lucjan , Grech Eugeniusz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe first salicylidenearylamines containing a proton sponge residue with 5′‐bromo (6), 5′‐nitro (7), and 3′,5′‐dinitro (8) substituents have been synthesized. X‐ray diffraction and 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR and infrared spectra revealed that 6 and 7 contain very strong OHN bridges typical of o‐hydroxy Schiff bases. Additional π‐electron coupling with the dimethylaminonaphthyl ring is manifested both in geometrical and infrared parameters. In the case of 7, proton transfer to the imine nitrogen atom occurs in the solid state, accompanied by a remarkable shortening of the OHN bridge (2.553 Å). In dinitro derivative 8, the OH proton jumps to the dimethylamino groups, giving a new tautomeric form with the formation of a homoconjugated [NHN]+ cation. Protonation of 6 and 7, affecting the (dimethylamino)naphthyl moiety, disrupts the π‐coupling and makes these molecules, unlike common aromatic Schiff bases, highly sensitive to hydrolysis, while 8, being already self‐protonated, equilibrates in wet DMSO with the corresponding salicylaldehyde and arylamine in a ca. 1:1 ratio at room temperature.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Regiocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2‐Diaryl‐1H‐imidazoles by Palladium‐ and Copper‐Mediated Direct Coupling of 1‐Aryl‐1H‐imidazoles with Aryl Halides under Ligandless Conditions
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Cauteruccio Silvia , Mannina Luisa , Rossi Renzo , Viel Stéphane 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA large variety of 1,2‐diaryl‐1H‐imidazoles, including a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, have been regioselectively synthesised in moderate to high yields by direct coupling of 1‐aryl‐1H‐imidazoles with aryl iodides or bromides in DMF in the presence of CsF and catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2 under ligandless conditions. A possible mechanism for this new highly regioselective C‐2 arylation reaction, involving the formation of an organocopper(I) derivatives followed by a transmetallation reaction with an arylpalladium(II) halide species and a reductive elimination, is proposed. New one‐step procedures for the synthesis of 1,2,5‐triaryl‐1H‐imidazoles, based on palladium‐ and copper‐mediated arylation of 1‐aryl‐1H‐imidazoles, have also been developed. Interestingly, some imidazole derivatives prepared in this study have been found to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against some human tumour cell lines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Cluster Mannosides Carrying a Photolabile Diazirine Group
Authors: Walter Mark , Wiegand Michaela , Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe are investigating the mechanisms underlying the carbohydrate‐specific adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli to the glycocalyx of their potential host cells. E. coli possess protein appendages, which are called type 1 fimbriae. Part of type 1 fimbriae is a protein named FimH, which is a mannose‐specific lectin. We wish to use photoaffinity labeling to elucidate mannose binding sites on FimH. Thus we report the synthesis of di‐ and trivalent cluster mannosides, which carry a photolabile diazirine group. The diazirine group was introduced by a convergent approach using thiourea bridging (products 6, 13, 17, and 27) or in a divergent synthesis leading to the divalent cluster mannoside 31. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Chiral Iminium Salt Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation
Authors: Bulman Page Philip C. , Buckley Benjamin R. , Rassias Gerasimos A. , Blacker A. John 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA range of enantiomerically pure 4‐substituted 5‐amino‐1,3‐dioxanes has been condensed with 2‐(2‐bromoethyl)benzaldehyde to produce chiral dihydroisoquinolinium salts, which are effective asymmetric catalysts for the epoxidation of simple alkenes, giving ees of up to 71 %. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Novel Cyclopentene Annulation Method Based on Conjugate Addition Reactions of α‐Cyano Carbanion Species
Authors: Tanino Keiji , Tomata Yoshihide , Shiina Yasuhiro , Miyashita Masaaki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new cyclopentene annulation method based on a conjugate addition reaction with 4‐methoxybut‐3‐enenitrile was developed. Treatment of a cyclic enone with the potassium carbanion of the nitrile followed by acetic anhydride afforded an enol acetate, which underwent an HCl‐mediated intramolecular cyclization reaction to yield a bicyclo[n.3.0]alkenone derivative in good yield. A lipase‐mediated optical resolution of the annulation product provided a new chiral building block for steroids and other natural compounds.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Construction of Fused Medium‐Ring Carbocycles by Catalytic Generation and Rearrangement of Oxonium Ylides
Authors: Clark J. Stephen , Walls Steven B. , Wilson Claire , East Stephen P. , Drysdale Martin J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFused carbocyclic systems containing seven‐ and eight‐membered rings can be constructed from allylic ethers in a stereoselective manner by tandem carbenoid generation, ylide formation and [2,3] rearrangement. Exceptionally high yields are obtained in cases where the substrate possesses favourable relative stereochemistry. The dienes resulting from [2,3] rearrangement ofgem‐divinyl ylides undergo Diels–Alder cycloaddition with reactive dienophiles at room temperature. Ylide formation, rearrangement and cycloaddition can be performed in a one‐pot process to generate complex tetracyclic systems in a highly stereoselective manner. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A performance comparison of individual and combined treatment modules for water recycling
Authors: Khan Stuart , Wintgens Thomas , Sherman Paul , Zaricky Jan , Schäfer Andrea 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn Advanced Water Recycling Demonstration Plant (AWRDP) was commissioned and constructed by the Queensland State Government in Australia. The AWRDP was used to study the effectiveness of a variety of treatment processes in the upgrading of municipal wastewater for water recycling applications. The AWRDP consists of eight modules, each housing an individual specific treatment process. These processes are flocculation, dissolved air flotation, dual media filtration, ozonation, biological activated carbon adsorption, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet disinfection. The individual performances of the treatment processes were determined, as well as their interdependence in series. A range of chemical water quality parameters were investigated. The study provides a broad process comparison on the basis of an important catalogue of these key parameters. This will be valuable in the selection and optimization of treatment processes trains in full‐scale water recycling applications. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005