bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the effect of various surface treatments on the fracture behavior of aluminum adhesive joints under mode I loading
Authors: Nazari Roohollah , Hatami Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of different surface treatments on the fracture behavior of epoxy-aluminum joints under mode-I loading. Six surface treatments including degreasing, abrasion with varying grit sizes, alkaline etching, acid etching, a combination of alkaline and acid etching, and a combination of abrasion and acid etching were applied to aluminum surfaces before bonding. Surface morphology, roughness parameters, total surface free energy, contact angle, and elemental composition were analyzed. Results showed that the ultimate fracture load and fracture energy initially increased and then decreased with increasing surface roughness. The most effective treatments were found to be acidic etching in combination with alkaline etching and abrasion due to their synergetic effects. These treatments removed the natural oxide layer and created a porous oxide layer, enhancing surface roughness, increasing adhesive-substrate contact areas, and providing more sites for mechanical interlocking. Compared to the degreased specimens, significant improvements were observed, including a 40% and 31% increase in maximum fracture load, a 74% and 53% increase in initiation fracture energy, and a 65% and 47% increase in propagation fracture energy, respectively. Etching treatments demonstrated superior effects on the fracture behavior of aluminum adhesive joints compared to abrasion methods, leading to cohesive failure after etching treatments.
Enhancing and confining light in hybrid plasmonic nanowire-integrated V-groove silicon waveguides
Authors: Zhao Yaqian , Xu Zhe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the field of dielectric-plasmonic photonics has made remarkable strides, leading to the successful development of various technologies. The realization of sophisticated optical circuits on a single platform has become increasingly viable. Here we propose and investigate a hybrid dielectric waveguide integrated with plasmonics. This hybrid optical waveguide comprises a copper nanowire situated in close proximity to a silicon V-groove channel, separated by a nanoscale gap. This configuration is particularly advantageous, as achieving precise alignment of the nanowire within the V-groove addresses a fundamental challenge in engineering a fully functional integrated component. Additionally, a silicon nitride film coats the V-groove. Utilizing finite element analysis, we conduct numerical simulations to analyze field properties and modal propagation at a specific wavelength of 1550 nm. Our simulations reveal that meticulous optimization of the nanowire and V-groove channel’s geometrical parameters enables effective tailoring of the hybrid mode. This optimization results in strong mode coupling between the dielectric waveguide mode and the surface plasmon, leading to substantial field enhancement, confinement, and extended propagation length. These waveguides also hold promise for sensing applications, facilitating the detection of sample variations and locations due to pronounced mode characteristics. The proposed hybrid approach demonstrates potential for integration into high-level photonic circuits and on-chip optical computing systems.
Better letter: iconicity in the manual alphabets of American Sign Language and Swedish Sign Language
Authors: Börstell Carl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile iconicity has sometimes been defined as meaning transparency, it is better defined as a subjective phenomenon bound to an individual’s perception and influenced by their previous language experience. In this article, I investigate the subjective nature of iconicity through an experiment in which 72 deaf, hard-of-hearing and hearing (signing and non-signing) participants rate the iconicity of individual letters of the American Sign Language (ASL) and Swedish Sign Language (STS) manual alphabets. It is shown that L1 signers of ASL and STS rate their own (L1) manual alphabet as more iconic than the foreign one. Hearing L2 signers of ASL and STS exhibit the same pattern as L1 signers, showing an iconic preference for their own (L2) manual alphabet. In comparison, hearing non-signers show no general iconic preference for either manual alphabet. Across all groups, some letters are consistently rated as more iconic in one sign language than the other, illustrating general iconic preferences. Overall, the results align with earlier findings from sign language linguistics that point to language experience affecting iconicity ratings and that one’s own signs are rated as more iconic than foreign signs with the same meaning, even if similar iconic mappings are used.
The Arabidopsis leaf quantitative atlas: a cellular and subcellular mapping through unified data integration
Authors: Tolleter Dimitri , Smith Edward N. , Dupont-Thibert Clémence , Uwizeye Clarisse , Vile Denis , Gloaguen Pauline , Falconet Denis , Finazzi Giovanni , Vandenbrouck Yves , Curien Gilles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuantitative analyses and models are required to connect a plant’s cellular organisation with its metabolism. However, quantitative data are often scattered over multiple studies, and finding such data and converting them into useful information is time-consuming. Consequently, there is a need to centralise the available data and to highlight the remaining knowledge gaps. Here, we present a step-by-step approach to manually extract quantitative data from various information sources, and to unify the data format. First, data from Arabidopsis leaf were collated, checked for consistency and correctness and curated by cross-checking sources. Second, quantitative data were combined by applying calculation rules. They were then integrated into a unique comprehensive, referenced, modifiable and reusable data compendium representing an Arabidopsis reference leaf. This atlas contains the metrics of the 15 cell types found in leaves at the cellular and subcellular levels.
Ozone use in the treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Fuentes Esther Abihail , Achy Jamile A. , da Silva Davi F. , Graboschii Amanda C. G. , Bernardo Juliana de O. , Joaquim Jean G. , Fraga Angelina B. , Escodro Pierre B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research communication paper addresses the hypothesis that the use of therapeutic alternatives for mastitis, such as intramammary ozone, can cure the disease with lower costs and without harmful residues for human consumption and without formation of microbial resistance like the ones caused by indiscriminate use of antibiotics in dairy farms. The study was performed in 36 mammary quarters from 12 dairy cows with subclinical mastitis grade three. The experimental units were randomly assigned into four groups and each group received a treatment. Treatments comprised (a) 20 μg/ml ozone gas; (b) 40 μg/ml ozone gas; (c) negative control treatment of 12.5 μg/ml ozonated saline and (d) positive control treatment of 100 mg of cephalexin + 100 mg of neomycin + 10 mg of prednisolone, all by intramammary injection. In all quarters, milk was collected before and after the application of treatments for California mastitis test and evaluation of milk composition, somatic cell count, and bacterial cultures. The results indicated that the use of intramammary ozone did have a therapeutic effect, and whilst this was less than that of antibiotics, ozone does confer some advantages. Treated milk had a good composition, the treatment cost was low, milk withdrawal may not be necessary and there is no risk of antibiotic resistance.
Judge Ideology and Opportunistic Insider Trading
Authors: Huang Allen H. , Hui Kai Wai , Zheng Yue 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although federal judges are the ultimate arbiters of insider trading enforcement, the role of their political ideology in insider trading is unclear. Using the partisanship of judges’ nominating presidents to measure judge ideology, we first document that liberal judges are associated with heavier penalties in insider trading lawsuits than conservative judges. Next, we find that firms located in circuits with more liberal judges have fewer opportunistic insider sales. Cross-sectional analyses show that this deterrent effect is stronger when managers face a higher risk of insider trading lawsuits. Finally, we find that the Securities and Exchange Commission considers judges’ ideology when selecting litigation forums.
New evidence on US monetary policy activism and the Taylor rule
Authors: Chua Chew Lian , Tsiaplias Sarantis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe provide new evidence about US monetary policy using a model that: (i) estimates time-varying monetary policy weights without relying on stylized theoretical assumptions; (ii) allows for endogenous breakdowns in the relationship between interest rates, inflation, and output; and (iii) generates a unique measure of monetary policy activism that accounts for economic instability. The joint incorporation of endogenous time-varying uncertainty about the monetary policy parameters and the stability of the relationship between interest rates, inflation, and output materially reduces the probability of determinate monetary policy. The average probability of determinacy over the period post-1982 to 1997 is below 60% (hence well below seminal estimates of determinacy probabilities that are close to unity). Post-1990, the average probability of determinacy is 75%, falling to approximately 60% when we allow for typical levels of trend inflation.
Substance use disorders in hospice palliative care: A narrative review of challenges and a case for physician intervention
Authors: Rudy Lauren , Lacroix Emilie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are frequently encountered in hospice palliative care (HPC) and pose substantial quality-of-life issues for patients. However, most HPC physicians do not directly treat their patients’ SUDs due to several institutional and personal barriers. This review will expand upon arguments for the integration of SUD treatment into HPC, will elucidate challenges for HPC providers, and will provide recommendations that address these challenges.MethodsA thorough review of the literature was conducted. Arguments for the treatment of SUDs and recommendations for physicians have been synthesized and expanded upon.ResultsTreating SUD in HPC has the potential to improve adherence to care, access to social support, and outcomes for pain, mental health, and physical health. Barriers to SUD treatment in HPC include difficulties with accurate assessment, insufficient training, attitudes and stigma, and compromised pain management regimens. Recommendations for physicians and training environments to address these challenges include developing familiarity with standardized SUD assessment tools and pain management practice guidelines, creating and disseminating visual campaigns to combat stigma, including SUD assessment and intervention as fellowship competencies, and obtaining additional training in psychosocial interventions.Significance of resultsBy following these recommendations, HPC physicians can improve their competence and confidence in working with individuals with SUDs, which will help meet the pressing needs of this population.
“Living with Loss”: A qualitative exploration of existential fears among people with advanced lung cancer in online lung cancer support groups
Authors: Walsh Casey A. , Currin-McCulloch Jennifer , Faris Nicholas R. , Nguyen Thu Suong Thi , Al Achkar Morhaf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesWith targeted therapies, people are surviving longer with advanced lung cancer and engaging in online lung cancer support communities. While these groups provide a sense of community, witnessing the death of peers can lead to emotional distress. This qualitative study aims to (1) explore the experience of witnessing death in online cancer support groups; (2) identify factors that contribute to the emotional struggles of witnessing the death of peers; and (3) identify strategies/options for dealing with losses in the cancer community.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of qualitative interviews exploring existential concerns with participants (n = 25) from oncogene-specific online lung cancer support groups. The principal investigator conducted study interviews between August 2018 and March 2019 where participants were asked about their cancer experiences and existential concerns. We used thematic analysis and NVIVO 11 software to examine and store the de-identified interview data.ResultsParticipants indicated that they had often witnessed their peers die and felt the pain of the loss. Factors that played a part in their struggle with witnessing others’ death included the closeness of the relationship with the person, the age of the person who died, seeing oneself in the experience of the other dying, disparities in care, and losing touch in the final stages. Participants used varied coping strategies such as celebrating the life of the individual who died, engaging in advocacy efforts, not focusing on the loss, participating in therapy, and bringing self-preserving thoughts.Significance of resultsOur study highlights the importance of addressing existential fears in online lung cancer support groups and incorporating conversations about death in spaces that deal with cancer.
Palliative and end-of-life care practices for critically ill patients and their families in a peri-intensive care setting: A protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Salins Naveen , Rao Arathi P. , Dhyani Vijay Shree , Prasad Ashmitha , Mathew Mebin , Damani Anuja , Rao Krithika , Nair Shreya , Shanbhag Vishal , Rao Shwethapriya , Iyer Shivakumar , Gursahani Roop , Mani R.K. , Simha Srinagesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis umbrella review will summarize palliative and end-of-life care practices in peri-intensive care settings by reviewing systematic reviews in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Evidence suggests that integrating palliative care into ICU management, initiating conversations about care goals, and providing psychological and emotional support can significantly enhance patient and family outcomes.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for umbrella reviews will be followed. The search will be carried out from inception until 30 September 2023 in the following databases: Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers will independently conduct screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, and to resolve conflicts, adding a third reviewer will facilitate the consensus-building process. The quality assessment will be carried out using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The review findings will be reported per the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews statement.ResultsThis umbrella review seeks to inform future research and practice in critical care medicine, helping to ensure that end-of-life care interventions are optimized to meet the needs of critically ill patients and their families.
An advanced solid-state RF power source maximizing energy efficiency for optimal superconducting RF cavity charging
Authors: Hoang Duc Long , Dancila Dragos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper outlines an experimental demonstration of an envelope tracking (ET) technique applied to a kilowatt-level single-ended solid-state power amplifier (SSPA), aimed at enhancing the charging efficiency of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities by reducing reflection power while maintaining a high degree of efficiency. The technique is particularly designed for the pulsed operation of the European Spallation Source (ESS) at a nominal frequency of 352 MHz, with a 5% duty cycle and a pulse width of 3.5 ms. The study introduces an optimal charging scheme using a solid-state-based amplifier to maintain high efficiency, allowing for power ramp-up while minimizing reflections from SRF cavities and optimizing SSPA efficiency. A fast envelope tracking power supply (ETPS) system is implemented for the approximately 300 ms charging time required by the SRF cavities at ESS. The ETPS system, demonstrated on a single module as a proof-of-concept with scalability potential to a 400 kW power station, indicates an overall average efficiency of 70% and a 24% energy saving over traditional vacuum-tube based amplifiers. This demonstrates the ET technique’s effectiveness at the kilowatt level for efficient SRF cavity charging with reduced reflection, offering significant efficiency and energy savings.
Impact of soil-residual herbicides on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) phytotoxicity and biomass yield in west Texas
Authors: Singh Atinderpal , Saini Rupinder , Kafle Arjun , Singh Manpreet , Singh Sukhbir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Industrial hemp is a multipurpose crop cultivated for fiber, seed, human food, and animal feed. Hemp legalization in Texas creates a considerable potential to increase its acreage in semi-arid conditions; however, knowledge is limited on growing hemp optimally in Texas. Best management practices, including weed control, require evaluation for profitable hemp production. As little is known about the herbicide tolerance of hemp, field studies were conducted to test several soil-residual herbicides with different modes of action for phytotoxicity to two hemp cultivars, ‘Yuma’ and ‘Jinma’. The experimental units were randomized three times in a blocked split-plot design with hemp cultivars in the main plots and soil-residual herbicides in the subplots. Ethalfluralin, the mixture of sulfentrazone and S-metolachlor, prometryn, and S-metolachlor, resulted in 60% to 90% and 73% to 100% weed control as compared to the nontreated control in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The highest hemp germination, stand count, and plant height were observed with ethalfluralin and S-metolachlor herbicides; however, no significant differences were observed for hemp germination and plant height compared to the nontreated control. S-metolachlor, ethalfluralin, fomesafen, and prometryn resulted in similar hemp biomass compared to the nontreated control. Overall, the results indicate that hemp is tolerant to ethalfluralin, prometryn, and S-metolachlor, and these soil-residual herbicides were effective for weed control in hemp. The mixture of bicyclopyrone plus S-metolachlor, metribuzin plus S-metolachlor, and mesotrione should be avoided, as they caused significant injury to hemp plants. Future research is needed to test the efficacy of different preemergence and postemergence herbicides that can be used in industrial hemp grown under different environments, making sure the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of the hemp is below the legal content restrictions.
The Role of Anthropogenic Forcings on Historical Sea‐Level Change in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool Region
Authors: Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Vairagi Vedant , Richter Kristin , McDonagh Elaine L. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Chew Lock Yue , Horton Benjamin P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDetecting and attributing sea‐level rise over different spatiotemporal scales is essential for low‐lying and highly populated coastal regions. Using the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, we evaluate the role of anthropogenic forcing in sea‐level change in the historical (1950–2014) period in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region. We use three models that have at least 10 ensemble members, corresponding to different DAMIP simulations. We determined the changes in regional sea level from both natural and anthropogenic forcings. Our results demonstrate: (a) the emergence of an anthropogenic footprint on regional sterodynamic sea‐level change has a large spatiotemporal diversity over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region with the earliest emergence in the western Indian Ocean; (b) a significant rise in dynamic sea level (DSL) (up to 25 mm) and thermosteric (up to 40 mm) sea level over the western Indian Ocean due to greenhouse gas forcing; (c) a positive Indian Ocean Dipole‐like pattern in the DSL changes over the tropical Indian Ocean; (d) a significant increase in the halosteric contribution to sea‐level rise in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region, and (e) a pronounced rise of manometric sea level (up to 20 mm) over shallow oceans and coastal regions in recent decades. These results provide a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of the attribution of anthropogenic factors to sea‐level changes in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region.
Real‐Time Water Levels Using GNSS‐IR: A Potential Tool for Flood Monitoring
Authors: Purnell D. , Gomez N. , Minarik W. , Langston G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS‐IR) using low‐cost antennas is a practical solution for monitoring water levels from rivers, lakes and seas that does not require submerging any instruments in water. Here we present a novel method for obtaining real‐time water levels using multiple low‐cost antennas that we validate by comparing with measurements from a co‐located pressure gauge at two sites with variable tides. Additionally, we use survey measurements to show that there is a site‐dependant mean bias in GNSS‐IR measurements up to a few centimeters, but this mean bias can be effectively removed by using a correction for the effect of tropospheric delay. We conclude that GNSS‐IR water level sensors could be a powerful tool for real‐time applications such as flood or storm surge monitoring and water resource management, as well as for improving the spatial coverage of sensors in remote regions.
Increasing Flood Hazard Posed by Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Changing Climate
Authors: Lockwood Joseph W. , Lin Ning , Gori Avantika , Oppenheimer Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) that undergo rapid intensification (RI) before landfall are notoriously difficult to predict and have caused tremendous damage to coastal regions in the United States. Using downscaled synthetic TCs and physics‐based models for storm tide and rain, we investigate the hazards posed by TCs that rapidly intensify before landfall under both historical and future mid‐emissions climate scenarios. In the downscaled synthetic data, the percentage of TCs experiencing RI is estimated to rise across a significant portion of the North Atlantic basin. Notably, future climate warming causes large increases in the probability of RI within 24 hr of landfall. Also, our analysis shows that RI events induce notably higher rainfall hazard levels than non‐RI events with equivalent TC intensities. As a result, RI events dominate increases in 100‐year rainfall and storm tide levels under climate change for most of the US coastline.