bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Climate Adaptation Can Substantially Reduce Conservation Costs and Mitigate Risk
Authors: Cho Frankie H. T. , Williams Brooke A. , Archibald Carla L. , Brazill‐Boast James , Drielsma Michael J. , Lunney Daniel , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change will have profound and unexpected impacts on biodiversity in the future. These impacts could potentially be mitigated through adaptive and responsive conservation planning, but it remains unclear how adaptation opportunities can be harnessed through careful planning of present‐day activities. Here, we show that the use of flexible conservation strategies that exploit opportunities for climate adaptation can mitigate climate risks without increasing total conservation costs. We estimate the value of allowing flexible delays of conservation investments for protecting habitats of the iconic and threatened koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in eastern Australia. Conservation strategies that have no option to strategically delay investments face significant trade‐offs between minimizing conservation costs and reducing risks in conservation outcomes. These trade‐offs are substantially mitigated by flexible strategies that strategically delay investments into the future when the effects of climate change are likely to be better understood. Strategic delays are shown to mitigate climate risks in inflexible conservation strategies without even increasing conservation costs. These results show that conservation planning that strategically allocates present‐day conservation resources while also allowing the flexibility to shift these resources in the future is much more likely to achieve cost‐effective conservation outcomes in the face of uncertain climate change impacts.
What in the world is global health? A conceptual analysis
Authors: Giubilini Alberto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article suggests that the concept of global health – and to an extent the field that it designates ‐ is problematic in various ways. Within public health, the concept of the ‘public’ has been widely investigated. However, “global health” has been introduced in academic, policy, and public discussion with comparably lower level of conceptual, philosophical scrutiny. Thus, while public health ethics addresses the ethical and political issues that the different meanings of ‘public’ allow to identify, global health ethics tends to leave ethical and political issues raised by the concept of ‘global health’ implicit and insufficiently analysed. I will briefly present the debate around the ‘public’ in public health, describing some of the ethical and political questions that might arise, depending on what ‘public’ is taken to mean. I will then use this discussion as a conceptual map for an analogous analysis of the concept of ‘global’ in global health. I will discuss what dimensions ‘global’ adds to the concept of ‘public’. In the second part of the article, I will briefly introduce the philosophical debate on the concept of health, before suggesting that its cultural sensitivity makes it ill‐suited to be qualified as ‘global’. All in all, this article wants to bring to light the ethical implications that the terminology of ‘global health’ introduces in academic research and public policy that goes under that heading, as a first step towards better defining the ethical contours of this discipline.
Brain 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: An efficient tool at the initial diagnosis of nonlesional late onset epilepsy
Authors: Puisieux Salomé , Heyer Sébastien , Forthoffer Natacha , Doyen Matthieu , Tyvaert Louise , Verger Antoine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the diagnostic performance and prognostic value of brain 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) at the initial diagnosis of patients with nonlesional late onset epilepsy (NLLOE).MethodsIn this cohort study at the University Hospital of Nancy, France, newly diagnosed NLLOE patients, >50 years old, were consecutively included from June 2017 to January 2021 and systematically underwent brain 18F‐FDG PET. They were categorized into four presumed etiological NLLOE subtypes: neurodegenerative subtype (NDS; patients with a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease), microvascular subtype (MVS; patients with ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors and ≥2 vascular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging), inflammatory subtype (IFS; patients meeting international criteria for encephalitis), and unlabeled subtype (ULS). A systematic patient follow‐up (at least 2 years) allowed assessment of cognitive outcomes under antiseizure medication by comparing for each patient the proportion of preserved/altered scores between initial and second neuropsychological assessment. Brain 18F‐FDG PET was analyzed using a combined visual and semiquantitative approach at the individual level.ResultsEighty‐seven patients were included (NDS, n = 18; MVS, n = 22; IFS, n = 7; ULS, n = 40). A normal 18F‐FDG PET was observed in 46% of patients, with the final diagnosis of 88% of these patients excluding a neurodegenerative or inflammatory disorder. 18F‐FDG PET had a negative predictive value of 94% for a cognitive decline at follow‐up, similar for the overall population (n = 71) and the ULS population (n = 32). Moreover, a PET hypometabolic pattern suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder was indicative of cognitive decline at follow‐up in 74% of cases.Significance18F‐FDG PET as part of the initial diagnosis of NLLOE patients may have a significant impact on both NLLOE diagnosis and cognitive prognosis. For almost half of NLLOE patients, a normal 18F‐FDG PET could help to exclude neurodegenerative and inflammatory epilepsy etiologies as well as future cognitive decline.
Career and education planning among young black women: Implications for FCS educators
Authors: Hough Twyla D. , Rogers Christy , Miller Cynthia L. , Alexander Karen L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis qualitative study investigated how young Black women experience career and education planning (CEP). Eight women from West Texas completed a career exploration and decision‐making learning experiences scale and participated in semi‐structured interviews. Findings from the data provided a contextualized understanding of CEP, indicating that career exploration and decision‐making learning experiences, work‐based learning, and social agents positively influence CEP. These findings provide an awareness of CEP experiences that can inform how family and consumer sciences educators and practitioners support CEP in a way that helps individuals from marginalized communities circumvent career‐related disadvantages encountered during the transition from adolescence into adulthood.
Study on Borehole Pressure Relief Failure Behavior and Crack Evolution Characteristics of Rock Mass With Multiple Prefabricated Joints
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Pengfei , Xu Chongbang , Huang Jun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn engineering construction, the presence of internal fissures in rock masses and the accumulation of internal energy are the main factors affecting rock failure. To study the effects of fissures and borehole pressure relief on rock masses separately, this paper has prepared various drilling samples with different fissures in the laboratory. On the basis of maintaining the original number of fissures, new fissures and holes are added to explore their effects on the rock mass. Combined with discrete element numerical simulation, the microscopic characteristics of multi‐fissure samples and borehole samples are analyzed. The research results indicate that as the fissure dip angle increases, failure occurs gradually along the existing fissures, while the crack development in the borehole samples is mainly concentrated around the holes, and the boreholes have a greater impact than fissures. The study of the change rule and damage characteristics of the fissures before and after drilling of multi‐fissure specimens can provide a reference for controlling the deformation of the rock mass in engineering applications.
Board busyness and financial leverage: The impact of corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Trinh Vu Quang , Li Teng , Ha Oanh , Liu Jia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of “busy” independent directors on corporate financial leverage. Using a sample of 3321 Chinese listed firms from 2004 to 2019, we find that firms with busier boards tend to have higher leverage, with corporate tax avoidance acting as a mediating mechanism. Supporting the reputational incentive hypothesis, busy boards discourage aggressive tax avoidance strategies that would otherwise allow managers to accumulate excess cash reserves. Consequently, these firms become more reliant on external debt financing to meet potential investment needs. Our findings highlight the role of “busy” independent directors in mitigating agency conflicts and shaping financial strategies.
Prevalence of primary stabbing headache: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Osiowski Aleksander , Osiowski Maksymilian , Taterra Dominik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectives/BackgroundThis study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of primary stabbing headache (PSH) among adult patients seeking medical attention for headache in a clinic‐based setting. PSH is a primary headache disorder and is one of the representatives of indomethacin‐responsive cephalalgias. The epidemiology of PSH in adult patients assessed for headache in a tertiary care setting remains not well established.MethodsPubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases were thoroughly searched for observational studies published between January 1, 1988, and August 9, 2024, that reported the relative frequency of PSH among adult patients evaluated for headache in a clinic‐based setting. The Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were strictly followed by the study's design. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. The study's protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024573776).ResultsOf the initial 1153 records, 15 articles (n = 35,904 individuals) met all of the eligibility criteria. Most of the studies revealed a low risk of bias. The prevalence of PSH among adult patients evaluated for headache in a tertiary care setting was 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7–3.4, 95% prediction interval [PI] = 0.00–0.29), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 98.42) noted across the studies. PSH was diagnosed more often in females than in males (1.6%, 95% CI = 0.8–3.2, 95% PI = 0.00–0.18 vs. 0.5%, 95% CI = 0.2–1.1, 95% PI = 0.00–0.06). The mean age at onset of PSH was 41.6 years (SD = 13.7), and the mean delay time of diagnosis was 64.6 months (SD = 73.9).ConclusionOur results showed that PSH is a rare headache disorder among adults evaluated for headache in a clinic‐based setting. Moreover, PSH is typically diagnosed in the early fourth decade of life and predominantly in females.
A new era in myeloma: the advent of chimeric antigen receptor‐T (CAR‐T) cells and bispecific antibodies
Authors: Ho P. Joy , Li Eric W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractT‐cell re‐directional therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell and bispecific antibodies (BsA), have transformed the treatment landscape to benefit patients with multiple myeloma. A number of these novel therapies has been approved internationally, with CAR‐T therapy recently approved in Australia. In this clinical perspective, we describe the development of CAR‐T and BsA therapies, highlighting the clinical benefits and risks, together with the significant costs and infrastructure support required for the provision of these therapies to myeloma patients.
Use of sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors among Aboriginal people with type 2 diabetes in remote Northern Territory: 2012 to 2020
Authors: Hare Matthew J. L. , Chen Winnie , Berhane Thomas , Corpus Sumaria M. , Maple‐Brown Louise J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAboriginal people in remote Northern Territory communities experience the highest burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally. Sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve cardiac and renal outcomes in selected populations. However, safety in this context is unknown. We investigated SGLT2i use and outcomes in remote Aboriginal people with T2D between 2012 and 2020.
Challenges and Opportunities Faced by Migrant Nurses in the Receiving Country: A Mixed‐Methods Study on Cultural Adaptation and Professional Integration
Authors: Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Baraka Azza Abd Elrazek , Hassan Eman Arafa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo provide a comprehensive understanding of the cultural adaptation and professional integration experiences of migrant nurses in the receiving country.DesignA convergent parallel mixed methods design with concurrent sampling was employed.MethodsProfessional nurses who migrated from various Middle Eastern and North African countries, including Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Yemen, Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, were enrolled. The Quantitative data was collected through an online questionnaire involving open‐ended questions for the qualitative data. Data was collected from November 2023 to March 2024.FindingsOne hundred five nurses responded to the quantitative questionnaire, and 32 answered the open‐ended questions. The findings revealed that mean scores for cultural competence and professional self‐concept were 83.41 ± 12.90 and 76.28 ± 11.16, respectively. Migrant nurses experienced challenges such as language barriers (91.4%), social interaction (82.9%) and difficulties adapting to daily living activities (100%). The majority of them reported positive outcomes as better working conditions (91.4%), higher standard of living (89.5%) and professional development opportunities (94.3%). Nurses emphasised accepting cultural diversity, participating in cultural competency training, building relationships with local colleagues and utilising support mechanisms and mentorship for cultural adaptation.ConclusionThis study highlighted the importance of support systems, cultural competency training and integration initiatives to facilitate successful adaptation and professional integration.Implications for ProfessionOrientation programs and cultural competency training should be developed to support migrant nurses. Initiatives should include language acquisition support, financial assistance for certification programs and promotion of diversity and inclusion in healthcare settings.ImpactThis study addressed the challenges migrant nurses face when transitioning to a new cultural and professional environment. It found that migrant nurses experience difficulties with language, social interaction and daily living activities. The research impacted healthcare institutions by guiding the development of orientation programs and cultural competency training, supporting policymakers in addressing systemic barriers and empowering migrant nurses with practical strategies for adaptation.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement.
Association Between Longitudinal Changes in Left Ventricular Structure and Function and 24‐Hour Urinary Free Cortisol in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Cao Gao‐Zhen , Huang Jia‐Yi , Lin Qing‐Shan , Wang Run , Chen Cong , Xiu Jian‐Cheng , Yiu Kai‐Hang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the associations between 24‐hour urinary cortisol levels (24 h‐UFC) and alterations in left ventricular (LV) structure and function in patients with essential hypertension. A prospective cohort study was conducted, including 315 patients with essential hypertension who underwent baseline 24 h‐UFC measurement and echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the E/e′ ratio. Over a mean follow‐up period of 28.54 ± 14.21 months, patients were grouped into tertiles based on baseline 24 h‐UFC levels. Higher baseline 24 h‐UFC levels were significantly associated with greater increases in LVM and E/e′, reflecting adverse LV remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. These associations persisted after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, gender, baseline blood pressure, and their changes during follow‐up. Moreover, patients in the highest 24 h‐UFC tertile showed an increased prevalence of LV hypertrophy, contrasting with a reduction observed in the lower tertiles. These findings underscore the independent role of elevated 24 h‐UFC levels in driving adverse cardiac structural and functional changes in essential hypertension.
YY2 mediates transcriptional repression of PHGDH and expedites oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lei Xiang , Wang Xiu , Zhang Xinai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionPhosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), which controls serine synthesis, has been linked to retinal disease. However, there are no clues about its involvement in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between PHGDH, serine synthesis, and DR and their underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodDifferentially expressed genes in DR were screened using bioinformatics tools. DR mice were induced, and retinal histopathology was observed in mice. Overexpression of PHGDH was induced in the DR mice to measure l‐serine, ROS, and MDA content in the retinas of DR mice. ARPE‐19 cells were transfected with overexpression of PHGDH and exposed to high glucose to induce a DR in vitro model, and cell viability and apoptosis assays, serine content, and oxidative stress factor measurement were conducted. The transcriptional regulation of PHGDH by YY2 was explored by ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. Finally, the combined role of YY2 and PHGDH in regulating serine synthesis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis was investigated.ResultsPHGDH expression was reduced in DR mice, and overexpression of PHGDH alleviated DR progression by promoting serine synthesis and attenuating oxidative stress. YY2 bound to the promoter of PHGDH and mediated its transcriptional repression. YY2‐mediated transcriptional repression of PHGDH caused disturbances in serine synthesis, leading to oxidative stress‐triggered ferroptosis.ConclusionsOur data prove that YY2 plays a vital role in modulating PHGDH expression, impairing serine synthesis, and expediting oxidative stress and ferroptosis.
FungiCAP Survey: Insights Into Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Antifungal Prescriptions in Colombia
Authors: Gómez‐Chaves Carolina Isabel , Díaz‐Brochero Cándida , Nocua‐Báez Laura Cristina , Cortés Jorge Alberto 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians related to the prescription of antifungals in a Latin American country.Materials and MethodsA close survey of Colombian physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practices was conducted through an online or paper questionnaire (Fungicap). We performed a descriptive analysis of the main sociodemographic variables, which were related to the respondents' medical practices and the survey results. Moreover, an exploratory analysis of the associations between the knowledge score and sociodemographic characteristics and between the knowledge score and factors concerning medical practice was performed.ResultsA total of 285 physicians participated, with a mean age of 34.6 years, and 57.1% were men. The most frequently participating hospital services were internal medicine (47.7%), intensive care (8%), and geriatrics (4.4%). The average knowledge score was 11.3 (SD 2.1, possible score 0–17). Eighty‐seven percent lacked knowledge about the pharmacokinetics, and 61% lacked knowledge about the pharmacodynamics of antifungals. A total of 63.5% had poor knowledge about the antifungal drug of choice according to the type of disease. A total of 78% thought that undergraduate education was insufficient to prescribe antifungals. There were statistically significant differences between the degree of knowledge and the type of institution in which the doctor worked.DiscussionThere is national and international uncertainty about the prescription of antifungals, including basic knowledge and the appropriate treatment of infections. The survey allowed us to identify some weaknesses in the knowledge of antifungal prescribing among Colombian physicians. Thus, there is a need to strengthen antifungal education for physicians.
Goal Hierarchies: Understanding Sub‐Goal and Primary Goal Interdependency
Authors: Sobrepere Xavier , Greve Henrich R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is increased research on how organizations respond to performance feedback on multiple goals. Most of it considers goals that have ambiguous ranking and thus differs from goal hierarchies with sub‐goals that are instrumental for accomplishing a primary goal. We develop theory on how goal hierarchies lead to primary goal and sub‐goal interactions influencing organizational decision‐making. We show that sub‐goals are important because they are temporally prior and instrumental for primary goals, making organizational responses to sub‐goals and primary goal interdependent in interesting ways. Empirically, we demonstrate a more sophisticated approach to multiple goals than earlier work suggests. This advances the behavioural theory of the firm, and supports and refines key assumptions for organizational design and organizational economics, encouraging further research on the role of goal structures and incentive schemes. Our theory and findings call for increased consideration of the March and Simon's (1958) hierarchical goals’ model in management research.
Resting‐State fMRI to Map Language Function for Surgical Planning in Patients With Brain Tumors: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Bozzano Annalisa , Barletta Laura , Caneva Stefano , Truffelli Monica , Bennicelli Elisa , Rebella Giacomo , Zona Gianluigi , Castellan Lucio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeIn neurosurgery, functional MRI is crucial for preoperative planning to obtain the cortical cortex map of language areas. This preliminary work involved analyzing the functional MRIs of 20 oncological patients. Our question is if resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) can replace standard task‐based functional MRI (tb‐fMRI) in routine clinical applications. The aim of this challenge is to determine if rs‐fMRI is as effective as tb‐fMRI and to develop a systematic approach for the extraction of a cortical language map.MethodsWe started by analyzing our rs‐fMRI images and validated the correct mapping of language regions using an independent components analysis approach; then, we used the analysis of connectivity networks to compare the two techniques.ResultsThe regions identified in rs‐fMRI align with established medical knowledge; a comparison of rs‐fMRI and tb‐fMRI reveals that the four language regions—Broca's and Wernicke's areas in both hemispheres—exhibit activation in both techniques; furthermore, we highlighted that rs‐fMRI reveals more comprehensive details about functional connectivity in contrast to tb‐fMRI.Conclusionsrs‐MRI and tb‐MRI provide similar levels of efficacy in revealing the functional areas of the brain for preoperative mapping when a lesion lies in areas related to language; thus, both techniques can be utilized for this goal. Based on this, we developed an rs‐fMRI processing pipeline for clinical usage and applied it to a patient outside the study.