bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S./U.S.S.R. basic sciences agreement
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A framework agreement in basic scientific research was signed January 8 by Secretary Schultz and Foreign Minister Shevardnadze to encourage scientific cooperation between the two nations.Areas of research identified in the agreement are geosciences, engineering sciences, scientific problems of the Arctic and the north, life sciences, science policy, chemistry, mathematics, and theoretical physics.
EPA 1990 Budget
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Lee M. Thomas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator, announced that President Reagan has proposed a total fiscal budget of $4.9 billion for EPA, representing a 9% increase from 1989. The request includes $1.83 billion for operating programs, $1.75 billion for the Superfund program, $100 million for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program, $1.2 billion for the Construction Grants program, and $421.5 million for research and development.EPA's major shift of emphasis for 1990 will be an increased focus on long‐term research, to complement their traditionally shorterterm regulatory demands. This will allow the agency to anticipate and address emerging environmental problems that require a longer‐term perspective, especially the effects of global climate change. The policy will also allow EPA to prevent pollution at its source, rather than concentrating primarily on cleanup efforts, as has been done in the past. Superfund is a high priority for 1990, as is the LUST progam.
Microbes to boost oil recovery
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A petroleum research team at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, will begin introducing microbes into a declining oil field near Oklahoma City in an attempt to retrieve unrecoverable oil from existing reservoirs.The study is funded by the Department of Energy and is the first major, federally cosponsored field test of an advanced oil production technique since the 1970s. The grant could total $660,000 over the next 33 months, while the university will be adding an additional $71,000 to the project.
Automatic geophysical observatories
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

To extend Antarctic science support capacity, the Division of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation is developing Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGOs). The AGO program was initiated at the urging of the upper atmospheric physics research community for ionospheric, magnetospheric, and thermospheric studies and aeronomy. However, it is expected that the AGOs will have other uses, such as tropospheric or stratospheric chemistry, seismology, or the collection of meteoric dust.The AGOs will be transportable to almost any site in Antarctica. It is expected that the first two will be deployed in the field during the austral summer of 1990–1991, with two more being deployed each summer up to a total of six AGOs. It is probable that measurements made at AGOs could be complemented by similar measurements at manned stations, and it is encouraged that such possibilities be explored.
Satellite images monitor volcanos
Authors: Wainger Lisa A. 
Published: October 2006

In response to the rare but serious threat that volcanoes pose to airplanes, the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration recently established a volcano monitoring service. Under the agreement NOAA will contact FAA if satellite images show ash eruptions reaching higher than 5 km along flight routes.The volcano monitoring service will also depend on pilots, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network for reports of volcanic eruptions.
Construction of new rock drill
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The University of Washington has been funded to design, construct and test a deepsea rock drill that will have the initial capability of penetrating and sampling igneous basement rocks, lithified sediments, and both sulfide and carbonate sea‐floor deposits to a coring depth of 3 m. The drill will be deployable to depths of up to 5000 m by a conventional research vessel, using the .680‐in armored conducting cable, the unofficial National Science Foundation standard. This drill is expected to be the prototype of small, overthe‐ side rock drills that can penetrate to 50 m. Final design and construction start mid‐ February.The drill will provide oriented rock cores from marine environments that are difficult, if not impossible, to sample using conventional sediment coring or dredging techniques. The ability to retrieve vertically oriented rock cores from 3 m below the surface of the sea floor opens a whole new vista of scientific opportunities. This capability will allow the research community to address problems that have only been approached by the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP).
1989 Medalists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU takes great pride in announcing the 1989 recipients of the highest honors presented by the Union, the AGU Medals. These outstanding scientists are chosen by a select committee of their peers for their significant contributions in one or more aspects of geophysics.The William Bowie Medal, for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research, is awarded to Walter H. Munk (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.).
Research drilling into the volcanic hydrothermal system on White Island, New Zealand
Authors: Giggenbach Werner F. , Hendenquist Jeffrey W. , Houghton Bruce F. , Otway Peter M. , Allis Richard G. 
Published: October 2006

We have been investigating the possibility of drilling a 600‐m deep hole into the volcanic hydrothermal system on White Island, an active andesitic volcano located in the Bay of Plenty, 50 km off the coast of New Zealand (Figure 1). A number of important hydrothermal and volcanic problems of worldwide occurrence can be addressed by drilling into this volcano. The principal goals are to characterize the chemistry and distribution of the fluids within the volcanic hydrothermal system and the related alteration mineralogy, to investigate fluid migration during magma:water interaction, and to investigate the extent to which physical rock properties influence the hydrology of such a system.This study will improve our understanding of magma:magmatic fluid:groundwater interactions at high levels in an andesitic volcano; the fluids and flow processes in an active volcanic hydrothermal system; the processes of metal transport and deposition in this acidic, ore‐forming environment; and the geophysical signatures that remain as the system cools.
Seismicity of the Great Lakes region
Authors: Gerhard Kunze A. W. , Alexander Shelton S. 
Published: October 2006

The Symposium on the Seismicity of the Great Lakes Region was held April 21, 1988, at the University of Akron, Ohio, in connection with the 22nd Annual Meeting of the North‐Central Section of the Geological Society of America, sponsored by the Department of Geology, University of Akron.The purpose of this symposium was to reassess the seismicity of the region and its relationship to tectonic features in view of the unexpectedly strong earthquake of January 31, 1986, near the Perry nuclear power plant in northeast Ohio. A total of 13 papers were presented to an audience of about 60–70. Abstracts of these papers appear in Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America, volume 20, number 5, March 1988.
Dust from orbit
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The number of large dust particles in the stratosphere increased more than ten times from 1981–84, according to a study reported in the January 20 Journal of Geophysical Research. The likely source for most of the particles, say the authors, is the growing junkyard of space debris in low orbit around Earth.The article contains analyses of particles collected in 1976, 1981, and 1984 on surfaces coated with sticky silicone oil and mounted underneath the wings of National Aeronautics and Space Administration planes flying through the stratosphere at 17–19 km altitude. Only particles one μm in diameter or larger stuck to the collectors. That is smaller than most liquid and solid aerosols, which act as condensation nucleii for clouds and change the radiative energy balance of the troposphere.
President's proposed budget for FY04 generally favorable for science
Authors: Russell C. T. 
Published: October 2006

The executive committee of the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section met December 4, 1988, at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The following is the President's report on that meeting.The SPR Section of AGU carries the responsibility for the vitality of the fields of solar, heliospheric and magnetospheric physics and aeronomy. What AGU does and, in particular, what the SPR Section does will affect the course of science in these disciplines by enhancing or diminishing the communication between scientists. In realization of this the SPR executive committee has been working toward improving our meetings and maintaining the high quality of our journals. The present section executive committee consists of the president, president‐elect, past president, and secretaries and the chairs of all SPR committees appointed by the president, SPR representatives of AGU committees, and representatives of all SPR‐AGU journals.
Arctic ripe for ozone depletion
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Scientists just back from a midwinter airborne probe of the Arctic say the stratosphere there “is primed for ozone destruction.” Although the depletion is not expected to be as extreme as what has been found in Antarctica, the mounting evidence that ozone at both poles is vulnerable has led representatives of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to call for modification of the Montreal protocol on ozone depletion to account for the greater potential depletion.When atmospheric scientists of the second National Ozone Expedition returned from Antarctica in 1987, they announced they had found the “smoking gun” implicating chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the documented destruction of ozone in the stratosphere—highly elevated levels of chemicals like the chlorine monoxide radical (CIO) that result from the breakdown of CFCs. Now the same scientists have found the same chemicals in the Arctic stratosphere and confirmed the apparent role of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the formation of the destructive chlorine compounds.
Quayle saves Landsat program
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

With a last‐minute budget reprieve from the Bush administration, Landsats 4 and 5, the sole public U.S. source of detailed satellite images of Earth, have another six months of life. The impending shutoff of the satellites on March 31 without an infusion of funds has focused attention on the public—private partnership that manages the Landsat program.EOSAT , Inc., the private corporation that operates Landsats 4 and 5, needs $9.4 million to maintain the satellites until the end of the fiscal year in October. As it has in previous years, t h e Reagan administration included no money in its FY 1989 budget to keep the spacecraft working, a n d the Bush administration has not amended that policy. Congress has restored operating funds in the past, but this time it was the National Space Council, headed by Vice President Dan Quayle, that released a statement saying that federal agencies that are many of the biggest customers for remote sensing data from the satellites will pay at least some of the costs. Under the plan the rest would be supplied by EOSAT, which markets Landsat data.
EDGE: An initiative to study submerged continental lithosphere around the U.S.
Authors: Austin James A. , Talwani Manik 
Published: October 2006

EDGE is a project initiated by a broad consortium of geologists and geophysicists to use state‐of‐the‐art marine geophysical techniques to study the geologic history of submerged continental lithosphere on U.S. margins. A 2‐year proposal to support commercial acquisition, processing, and interpretation of deeppenetration multichannel seismic reflection data from selected transects identified in the Gulf of Alaska, off the Oregon‐Washington coast, in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, and off the Mid‐Atlantic region of the East Coast (Figure 1) has recently been funded by the National Science Foundation. Additional monies to support this first phase of EDGE are presently being provided by industry.The purpose of this article is to acquaint the widest possible spectrum of the geoscience community with the genesis, development, and prospects of EDGE, and to solicit continuing input on the most important scientific problems that can be addressed on U.S. margins with modern marine geophysical methods. This input will then be used to develop and continue the EDGE project.
Estimation of Seismicity Parameters Using a Computer
Authors: Veneziano Daniele 
Published: October 2006

The book is a translation from an original in Russian, published in 1972. After 15 years, the book appears dated, its emphasis being the use of computers as an innovative technology for seismicity parameter estimation.The book is divided into two parts. Part I (29 pages) reviews the literature for quantitative measures of seismicity and for earthquake recurrence models, and describes previous uses of the computer to determine seismicity parameters. The literature reviewed is mainly that of the 1960s, with prevalence of Russian and European titles. This part of the book may retain some interest for the historical perspective it gives on the subject.
Solar‐terrestrial energy program 1990–1995: A study of energy transfer mechanisms in the solar‐terrestrial system
Authors: Rostoker Gordon 
Published: October 2006

The primary purpose of this article is to bring to the attention of the geophysical community a new international study of solar‐terrestrial relationships dealing with the linkages between the heliosphere and the various regions of geospace. This program, for which proposals should be submitted by late May of this year, is designed to maximize the scientific return from the many satellite, groundbased, and theoretical studies that will be undertaken in the first half of the 1990s.From the time of the International Geophysical Year (1958), studies of global planetary phenomena have featured the development of research programs that called for intensive collaboration among scientists from many nations. The interdisciplinary nature of these studies transcended the mandates of most of the international scientific organizations who help arrange meetings and provide a venue for working groups to meet on a periodic basis (e.g., International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Committee on Space Research, Union Radio Scientifique Internationale, International Astronomical Union). The Scientific Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) was formed to help develop and assist in the operations of interdisciplinary programs designed to investigate the nature of the solar‐terrestrial interaction.
Research ships upgraded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Two research vessels, operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., are undergoing scientific upgrading and engineering modifications costing $15 million each. The improvements will prepare them to take lead roles in major future ocean research efforts.Research vessel Knorr (operated by WHOI) entered the McDermott Shipyard in Amelia, LA., on February 15. It will receive new engines and a propulsion system, and its length will be increased from 245 to 279 feet. The R/V Melville (operated by SIO) is scheduled for the same 10‐month remodeling to begin in mid‐November.
Promoting research in rock deformation
Authors: Kirby Steve 
Published: October 2006

In response to informal discussions at the 1988 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., a dinner colloquium was held December 5, 1988, in San Francisco. Our purpose was to explore ways of promoting basic research in rock deformation, for which no professional organization exists that spans the full range of research interests. In spite of an informal distribution of announcements of the meeting, 54 people attended.Rock deformation is the materials science of the crystalline and amorphous materials that make up the solid Earth. As such, it includes not only the physical processes responsible for brittle and ductile deformation but also the important chemical processes that influence time‐dependent inelastic deformation. Consequently, there is a continuing need to engage interest and collaboration from materials scientists, mineral physicists, metallurgists, surface chemists, and geochemists in the study of the inelastic mechanical behavior of these complex materials.
Navy lifts ban on bathymetry
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

In a reversal of previous policy, the U.S. Navy has lifted its restriction of high resolution bathymetric charts of the ocean bottom.The announcement, made in a Department of Defense statement dated March 30, means that data from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration program to map the 200‐mile U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone will no longer sit under lock and key. In addition, the possibility of classifying all government‐supported high resolution sonar surveys by academic institutions that was considered earlier by the Navy has been ruled out in a letter from Oceanographer of the Navy Richard Pittenger to NOAA Administrator William Evans.
Academy chops another board
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The number of National Research Council boards that advise the U.S. government on space policy has been reduced from three to two, according to testimony presented to Congress last week.The Space Applications Board has been eliminated and its responsibilities split between the Space Science Board, now called the Space Studies Board, and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board. The Space Studies Board will counsel NASA and other agencies on a broader range of space science issues than before, including microgravity research, Earth remote sensing, and human exploration of the solar system, all previously in the purview of the SAB.
TOMS ozone data available on line
Authors: Ng Carolyn , McPeters Richard 
Published: October 2006

Ten years' data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer on the polar‐orbiting Nimbus 7 satellite are now available by computer. Magnetic tapes with TOMS data from November 1978 to the present have been added to the archives of data sets maintained by the National Space Science Data Center at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The most recent year of ozone data can be accessed directly from NSSDC computers.TOMS measures the ratio of radiance backscattered by Earth's atmosphere to extraterrestrial solar irradiance in 6 selected wavelength bands in the ultraviolet spectrum. Total column ozone values are derived from those measurements. TOMS scans across the satellite orbital track to produce detailed global maps of ozone on a daily basis.
Cold fusion before Congress
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann took their cold fusion show to Capitol Hill last week, saying they were “as sure as sure can be” that the heat produced in their experiments at the University of Utah is the result of some form of nuclear fusion and vigorously defending themselves against charges that they have set the scientific world on its ear by creating a good battery.The two chemists asked for “tens of millions of dollars” in federal funds to move directly into commercial development of energy devices based on the new discovery, but provided no more than tantalizing hints at what is going on in their experiments.
Federal budget process: An overview
Authors: Frizzell Virgil A. 
Published: October 2006

Much geophysical research funding originates from the federal government, and many who obtain federal funding consider the executive branch to be its source. In fact, the federal budget results from a complex ballet between the executive and legislative branches. Because it is both little understood and essential to our work, this report will review the fundamentals of the three‐year budgetary process.The Constitution assigns the power of the purse to the Congress. Before the 1920s, executive branch agencies and departments submitted their own separate budgets to Congress, and deliberate planning and priority setting was minimal. In 1921 Congress empowered the president to submit an executive branch budget reflecting his priorities for the next fiscal year. Following this protocol, former President Reagan submitted his budget for Fiscal Year 1990 in January, and President Bush outlined his FY'90 priorities in February.
Cold fusion iced at APS Meeting
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Low‐level fusion in the laboratory like that suggested to occur inside Earth is unlikely but possible, according to most physicists who spoke at a national meeting May 2–3. But opinion was nearly unanimous that the massive, heat‐producing fusion claimed by two chemists at the University of Utah is the result of incorrect and flawed science.There were 40 speakers at an impromptu two‐night session on cold fusion at the American Physical Society meeting in Baltimore, and nearly all reported attempts to confirm or disprove nuclear fusion in deuterium‐filled palladium at room temperature. Stanley Pons of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City and Martin Fleischmann of Southampton University in England have announced that they achieved large amounts of fusion, while Steven Jones, a physicist at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, says that he detected fusion in palladium, but at a rate a billion times lower than Pons and Fleischmann report.
Surface water committee 1988–1990
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Surface Water committee has been one of the most active committees of the Hydrology Section owing in part to its broad chagrge. Previous committee chairmen Keith Hipel (1982–1984) and Jery Stedinger (1984–1988) have enthusiastically promoted the committee with the result that the number of special sessions sponsored has averaged 2–4 per AGU meeting. These sessions have covered topics clearly falling within the charge implied by the committee's title, such as water quality monitoring design, hydrologic instrumentation, and computer graphics.The wide range of special sessions organized by the committee is attributable in part to the committee's broad charge but also to the high level of activity the committee has enjoyed, and the relative inactivity of some other Hydrology Section committees. At present, almost all of the committees are active, and some change in direction for the Surface Water Committee appears in order. I believe that this change in direction should be subtle, but should emphasize increased cosponsorship of special sessions with other Hydrology Section committees, and other AGU Sections.
The value of research?
Authors: Kuusisto Esko 
Published: October 2006

“Assess the effectiveness of the research in the Adminstration, in relation to the resources available; the resources allocated to research are to be compared to the quality and quantity of results obtained.” This task was given by the Minister of the Environment of Finland on December 14, 1987, to five experts from Canada, Japan, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. They were invited to conduct an evaluation of the research activities in the National Water and Environment Adminstration of Finland (NWEA).How does one evaluate the quality and quantity of research? At the beginning of the project, the team members received a parcel containing 34 summaries covering different branches of research. The 20 kg weight of the parcel, though not a measure for the quantity of research, served at least as a measure for the quantity of work the experts would face!