bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining genetic background in captive stocks of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Stevison L.S. , Kohn M.H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground  As in other model organisms, genetic background in the non‐human primates Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis is an experimental variable that affects the response of other study variables. Genetic background in model organisms is manipulated by breeding schemes but is generally pre‐determined by the source population used to found captive stocks. In M. fascicularis three such sources have been distinguished, however, these are not routinely taken into consideration when designing research.Methods  We exemplify a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐based strategy to trace the maternal geographic origins of M. fascicularis animals of unspecified origins.Results  Macaca fascicularis of unspecified origins kept at primate research centers carry mtDNA haplotypes representing all three major genetic subdivisions.Conclusions  We suggest that the genetic background of study animals could be better specified in the future using an mtDNA‐based approach, which would enable informed selection of study animals and help reduce variation within and among studies.
Myxomatous neoplasms in the perineal region of baboons
Authors: Wallace Shannon M , Szabo Kathleen A , Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch Natalia E , Dick Edward J , Blanchard Terrell W , Hubbard Gene B 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground  In baboons, Papio sp. neoplasms tend to affect the hematopoietic system most commonly, with rare documentation of myxomatous neoplasms. In contrast, women can develop myxomatous masses within deep peripelvic tissues with some frequency during their reproductive years.Methods  We have identified and examined, retrospectively, myxomatous perineal masses in twelve female baboons within one research facility and compared their histopathologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features to their human variants.Results  Our results indicate that these myxomatous neoplasms, in humans and non‐human primates, share common features.Conclusion  Further research, particularly molecular genetic analysis, may be needed to identify the baboon as a true animal model for myxomatous perineal neoplasms.
Adenoviral hepatitis in a SIV‐infected rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Zöller Martina , Mätz‐Rensing Kerstin , Kaup Franz‐Josef 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground  A 5‐year‐old female rhesus monkey infected with simian immunodeficiency virus became clinically suspicious with anorexia, increasing weakness and apathy eighty‐five weeks after the tonsillar virus inoculation and was euthanised due to a poor prognosis.Methods and Results  Postmortal examinations revealed a severe multifocal to coalescing necotizing hepatitis with numerous intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy of the liver resulted in the finding of adenovirus like particles arranged in paracrystalline arrays within the nuclei of hepatocytes.Conclusion  The SIV infected rhesus monkey suffered from an adenovirus included necortizing hepatitis, an extremely rare organ manifestation of adenovirus infection in nonhuman primates.
Necrotizing haemorrhagic pneumonia proves fatal in an immunocompetent child due to Panton–Valentine Leucocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxins 1 and 2 and enterotoxin C‐producing Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mushtaq Farah , Hildrew Sandra , Okugbeni Gabriel , Ellis Richard W 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPanton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin‐producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are associated with skin abscesses and furunculosis, with necrotizing pneumonia being a relatively rare problem. Here, we describe a fatal case of necrotizing pneumonia in a 14‐year‐old child who presented initially with sore throat and pyrexia. He deteriorated rapidly, developing hypotension, multiple organ failure and purpura fulminans. S. aureus was isolated from the tracheal aspirate, which was found to be positive for PVL, toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST) 1 and 2 and staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC). It was postulated that purpura fulminans and toxic shock syndrome were a result of the abovementioned exotoxins.Conclusion: This case highlights the emergence of PVL‐positive community‐acquired S. aureus infection and association of purpura fulminans with superantigens. Practitioners should be aware of this illness in order to initiate appropriate treatment.
Merging Orthodontics and Restorative Dentistry: An Integral Part of Esthetic Dentistry
Authors: KULJIC BOZIDAR L. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the different approaches in treatment planning of patients who desire an esthetic and functional improvement of their dentition but are hesitant to sacrifice healthy tooth structure. Preservation of tooth structure, whenever possible, should be paramount to any practicing dentist. The importance of such an approach, as taught for so many years, appears to be fading away lately under the pressure of advertisements full of promises for quick esthetic solutions. Exploration of the link between orthodontic and conservative restoration, along with minor use of periodontal procedures, will give another perspective in solving the esthetic dilemma.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEOften underutilized, the combination of procedures such as orthodontics and composite bonding gives practicing clinicians conservative, predictable, esthetic, and functional results.
The Procera Maryland Bridge: A Case Report
Authors: HOLT LARRY R. , DRAKE BILLY 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTAlthough congenital partial hypodontia is widespread, and a variety of solutions for treating this condition in adolescents have been devised, all have had one or more significant drawbacks. A new treatment option that has recently become available, the Procera Maryland Bridge, appears to deliver excellent esthetics and strength. This article discusses that option and presents a case in which it was used successfully.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCECongenitally missing lateral incisors always present a treatment dilemma for restorative dentists. Numerous treatment options exist; none of which are totally satisfactory. This article presents a potential alternative for these patients using a novel all‐ceramic Maryland Bridge.
Cervical cancer and duration of using hormonal contraceptives
Authors: NOJOMI Marzieh , MODARESGILANI Mitra , MOZAFARI Negar , ERFANY Azadeh 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim:  To address the association between the duration of using oral contraceptives and cervical cancer, excluding HPV‐DNA positive women.Methods:  The sample consisted of 300 women over 30 years of age with newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer who were admitted to the seven general hospitals in Tehran between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2006. The control group consisted of 319 women in the same age group admitted to the same hospitals with conditions judged to be unrelated to any of the known or suspected risk factors for cervical cancer. The main outcome measures were the duration of using oral contraceptives and risk of cervical cancer.Results:  Forty‐five patients versus 48 controls had ever used oral contraceptives, and the corresponding unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.9 (0.6–1.2). The OR of cervical cancer increased with the duration of using oral contraceptives, being 3.4 (1.2–11) for more than 20 years of use and 2.3 (1.2–5) for a use of 15–20 years, compared with less than a use of oral contraceptives for 10 years. The adjusted OR for parity and less than 8 years since they had last used oral contraceptives were 1.2 (1.08–1.4) and 1.4 (1.01–2.1) respectively.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that parity and a duration of less than 8 years since the women last used oral contraceptives increase their risk of cervical cancer.
EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL DAIRY BASED PROTEINS ON NONFAT YOGURT QUALITY
Authors: ISLETEN MUGE , KARAGUL‐YUCEER YONCA 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Production of nonfat yogurt demands a careful control of quality parameters. It is common to use skim milk powder (SMP) to increase the total solid content of nonfat yogurt, but some functional dairy‐based proteins, such as casein/caseinates and whey proteins, may improve the quality of nonfat yogurt. The objectives of this study were to use whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (NaCn) and yogurt texture improver (TI) in nonfat yogurt manufacture as an alternative for SMP, and to compare their potential influences on the physical, chemical and microbial properties of nonfat yogurts over a 12‐day storage. All dry ingredients were added at 1% (w/v) concentration to yogurt milk. Yogurts differed from each other with different hardness values. Acetaldehyde contents of yogurts were in the range of 35–43 ppm. The acetaldehyde content of all yogurt types decreased during storage. The control yogurt had the most tyrosine content, and the WPI‐fortified yogurt had the least. Using different dry dairy ingredients did not affect the numbers of starter cultures. In addition, no significant differences were observed among yogurt types regarding their mineral composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFunctional dry dairy ingredients can be used to increase the total solid content of nonfat yogurt instead of using skim milk powder (SMP) or evaporation. Their high protein content, water‐binding capacity, texture improvement properties and health benefits make these proteins suited for use in nonfat yogurts. This study compares the possible effects of using whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (NaCn) and yogurt texture improver (TI) as an alternative for SMP on the physical, chemical and microbial properties of nonfat yogurts. It was found that substitution of SMP for WPI, NaCn and TI at the level of 1% affected the physical, chemical and microbial properties of nonfat yogurt.
INFLUENCE OF OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION ON THE VOLATILE PROFILE OF GUAVA FRUITS
Authors: PINO JORGE A. , PANADÉS GLORIA , FITO PEDRO , CHIRALT AMPARO , ORTEGA ARIEL 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT The effect of osmotic dehydration (OD) on the volatile compounds of guava fruits was studied. Osmotic treatments were carried out at atmospheric pressure, at continuous vacuum and by applying a vacuum pulse (5 min under vacuum and the remaining time at atmospheric pressure) at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50C) and times (1, 2 and 3 h). The volatile compounds of fresh and dehydrated samples were obtained by simultaneous distillation–extraction, and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In general, OD caused changes in the concentration of volatiles, depending on the process conditions. The use of lower temperatures and shorter treatment times can diminish the loss of volatiles with respect to the fresh samples. The greatest damage to volatiles loss is produced at 50C for up to 2 h under both pulsed and continuous vacuum. The lowest total volatiles loss occurred at 30 and 40C for up to 3 h under pulsed vacuum or atmospheric pressure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSConsumer demand for high‐quality products with freshlike characteristics has promoted the development of a new category, minimally processed fruits and vegetables. Although these products present, as distinguishing features, simplicity in use and convenience, they generally perish more quickly than the original raw material because of tissue damage caused by mechanical operations. The use of osmotic dehydration process has been presented as a tool for the development of minimally processed fruits. The slight water activity reduction promoted by the process may provide stable products with good nutritional and sensorial quality and with characteristics similar to those of the fresh products. The application of minimal processing to tropical fruits can represent an interesting world market. Fruit flavor is an important quality factor that influences consumer acceptability, and for this reason, its study is relevant in the minimally processed food product.
OPTIMIZATION OF ONION COOKIE BAKING PROCESS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: SEOG EUN JU , KIM HYE RAN , LEE JUN HO 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of the baking process of cookies made by substituting onion powders (onion cookie). The experiments were carried out according to a central composite design, selecting onion powder content and baking time as independent variables, and pH, titratable acidity, moisture content, density, spread factor, Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color parameters (L*, a*and b*values), hardness and maximum deflection as response variables. Most polynomial models developed by RSM were highly effective to describe the relationships between the studied factors and the responses. Overall optimization, conducted by overlaying the contour plots under investigation, was able to point out an optimal range of the independent variables within which the eight responses were simultaneously optimized. The point chosen as representative of this optimal area corresponded to onion powder content = 2.5% and baking time = 13.61 min, conditions under which the model predicted pH = 7.10, titratable acidity = 117.08 g acid/100 g, moisture content = 3.21%, spread factor = 6.87, L*value = 71.40, a*value = 0.21, b*value = 31.69 and maximum deflection = 2.62 mm.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResponse surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimize the cookie baking process. Most polynomial models developed by RSM were highly effective to describe the relationships between the studied factors and the responses. This method provided a simple and straightforward optimization analysis for cookie baking, and the results would help to develop a new value‐added functional food containing onion powder, which is readily available and an inexpensive source of antioxidant properties. Onion powder is known to be a better ingredient than onion extract in the formulation of value‐ or function‐added products. The results can be easily implemented to estimate the physicochemical properties when the process parameters are known.
SHRINKAGE AND DENSITY VARIATIONS OF FRESH GREEN BEANS DURING DRYING IN AN INERT MEDIUM FLUIDIZED BED
Authors: SOURAKI B. ABBASI , MOWLA D. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT In this article, the shrinkage and density variations of cylindrical fresh green beans were investigated in a fluidized bed dryer with energy carriers. A pilot‐scaled fluidized bed dryer was set up for performing the drying experiments. Glass bead particles were used as inert materials. The drying experiments were done with fresh green beans of several lengths using hot air as a heating agent with the temperature range of 30–50C, and the effects of various parameters, such as the presence of inert materials, temperature and sample length, were investigated. It was found that the shrinkage or volume changes, and radial and axial contractions of fresh green beans could be well correlated as linear functions of moisture content during drying. Calculated and experimental values were in good agreement with mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 3.56, 2.48 and 1.22 for volume changes, and axial and radial contractions, respectively. By considering that the change in the volume of the samples was equal to the volume of evaporated water, mathematical models were proposed for volume and density variations. Comparison of the predicted values for volume and density by the proposed model with experimental date showed that the uniform model of shrinkage could explain the shrinkage and density variations of fresh green beans with MAEs of 5.190 and 4.250 for volume and density variations, respectively. The shrinkage coefficients were evaluated by considering their measurement uncertainties.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAny attempt to characterize drying behavior must inevitably address the physical parameters of the material such as shrinkage and density. The shrinkage phenomenon occurring during the drying process affects the physical properties of the solids, as well as the transport phenomena properties. The shrinkage of vegetables during drying is important not only from the viewpoint of material end use but also for simulation problems.
QUALITY CHANGES OF SARDINE (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) PATTIES DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: KILINC BERNA , CAKLI SUKRAN , TOLASA SEBNEM 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT In this study, quality changes in sardine patties stored at 4C were investigated. Total viable bacteria, psychrotrophic and coliform bacteria counts of sardine patties increased from 2.50 log cfu/g, 2.60 log cfu/g, 19 MPN/g to 6.15 log cfu/g, 6.45 log cfu/g, 70 MPN/g on day 6, respectively. Yeast–molds, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were not detected during the storage period. Total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid and trimethylamine nitrogen values of sardine patties were 13.66 mg/100 g, 1.50 mg MA/kg and 1.20 mg/100 g at the beginning and 29.55 mg/100 g, 3.60 mg MA/kg and 5.01 mg/100 g at the end of the storage period (at day 6), respectively. Based on sensory evaluation, the shelf life of sardine patties was determined to be 4 days during refrigerated storage. When chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were compared, sensory analysis was the found to be most effective for determining the shelf life of sardine patties.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere is a possibility of consuming sardines as fish patties when catches are large. Sardines are very suitable for patties because of their flavor and taste, and their consumption is very large as fresh fish in Turkey. In recent years, the increase in civilization or socioeconomic factors such as the increasing numbers of working women have led to direct consumers' preference for ready‐to‐eat foods. Thus, sardine patties were made and quality changes in sardine patties during refrigerated storage were investigated.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LARGE YELLOW CROAKER (PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA) CULTURED IN CHINA
Authors: TANG H.‐G. , WU T.‐X. , ZHAO ZH.‐Y. , PAN X.‐D. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT The biochemical composition of dorsal muscle from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) cultured in China was studied. The comparison was made between the fish fed raw fish (RF) and commercial feed (CF). Two‐year‐old fish cultured in floating net cages were sampled for analysis. Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were determined. Amino acid composition was determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer. Fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. The analysis results showed that fish in the CF group had lower levels of crude fat content and essential amino acids content (P < 0.05). The percentages of total saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher, while the corresponding total polyunsaturated fatty acids content was significantly lower in the CF group. In the two groups, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid content and the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids were found to be generally high.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLarge yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is popularly cultured in China. It is mainly reared with raw fish and commercial feed. This study examined the biochemical composition of fillets from large yellow croaker. It was found that the fish species possess high nutritive value, which is very beneficial for human nutrition and health. This article also explored the effects of diets on flesh quality, which can be useful in the seafood production and feed industry.
CONSUMER SENSORY TEST OF SEVEN VARIETIES OF RICE IN OSH (PILAF) AT FOUR DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: LINHARDT RICHARD , ADHIKARI KOUSHIK , GRÜN INGOLF , WELKER STEVE 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT This study was done to determine if consumers in Uzbekistan would accept the Long Grain and Bengal rice varieties that are grown in South East Missouri for preparation of Osh. Three hundred and fifty eight consumers from Tashkent, Fergana, Namangan and Andijan participated in a consumer hedonic test involving overall acceptability of the rice varieties Avangard, Bengal, Chinese, Calrose, Devzira, Long Grain and RiceTec in Osh. A nine‐point hedonic scale was used to record acceptance of the participants. Analysis of variance and internal preference mapping were performed on the consumer data. Overall, it was seen that Devzira was the most accepted rice variety probably because of its popularity among the local Uzbeks. The mean acceptance score for Long Grain and Bengal (6.1 and 6.0, respectively) showed that the two rice samples were also acceptable to the majority of the consumers, which proved its potential to be exported to Uzbekistan from the U.S.A.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe Central Asian countries that were part of the former Soviet Union import rice from countries such as Turkey and Thailand to supplement the needs of their general population. The per capita consumption of rice in Uzbekistan (∼12.0 kg/person/year) exceeds the production of rice there. Uzbekistan is an arid region that is not suitable for crops such as rice because it requires a lot of water. Other staple crops like cotton and wheat require less water, and hence fare better in this region. The U.S.A. has become a major player in the rice export industry, and is looking at these Central Asian countries to import rice while encouraging the governments there to grow other staple crops such as cotton and wheat.
ENUMERATION OF IMMUNOMAGNETICALLY CAPTURED ESCHERICHIA COLI IN WATER SAMPLES USING QUANTUM DOT‐LABELED ANTIBODIES
Authors: DUDAK FAHRİYE CEYDA , BOYACI İSMAİL HAKKI 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Immunomagnetic separation was coupled with quantum dot (QD) labeling for the rapid, selective and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli in water samples. The target bacteria were recovered from the solution by antibody‐coated paramagnetic beads, and sandwich complexes were formed by using secondary antibodies labeled with QDs. The fluorescence intensities, as a result of the capturing of different concentrations of bacteria, were measured, and a linear correlation (R2 = 0.976) was obtained between log E. coli concentration (x) and the intensity (y) with a regression model of y = 26.9x + 41.1 in a working range of 8.9 × 101 and 1.9 × 106 cfu/mL. The selectivity of the developed sensor was examined with Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter dissolvens, which did not produce any significant response. The ability of the immunoassay to detect E. coli in real water samples was investigated and the results were compared with the experimental results from plate‐counting methods. A good agreement was observed between the QD‐enhanced detection and plate counting.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn this study, a rapid, sensitive and convenient fluorometric assay based on the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and quantum dot (QD) labeling was employed for the detection of Escherichia coli in water samples. The incorporation of QDs into fluorometric immunoassay techniques has various advantages over labeling with organic dyes and enzymes. In addition, the spectroscopic properties of QDs can allow multiplexed immunoassays coupled with IMS for bacteria detection, which will be investigated in further studies. Here we showed that QD labeling is a promising tool for the detection of E. coli in real water samples containing different components with a lower detection limit.