bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Sol—Gel Coatings for Optical Applications
Authors: Penard Anne‐Laure , Gacoin Thierry , Boilot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Lactams Using the Kinugasa Reaction
Authors: Pal Runa , Ghosh Subhash Chandra , Chandra Koushik , Basak Amit 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methods for the Synthesis of Derivatives of 3‐Aminothietane
Authors: Butkevich A. N. , Sokolov V. V. , Tomashevskii A. A. , Potekhin A. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Syntheses with Aziridinecarboxylate and Aziridinephosphonate Building Blocks
Authors: Zhou Ping , Chen Bang‐Chi , Davis Franklin A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spin Chemistry of Enzymatic Processes
Authors: Afanasyeva M. S. , Purtov P. A. , Taraban M. B. , Leshina T. V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Heterogeneous Advantage: Biodiesel by Catalytic Reactive Distillation
Authors: Kiss Anton A. , Omota Florin , Dimian Alexandre C. , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Treatment failure after primary and salvage therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Agarwal Piyush K. , Sadetsky Natalia , Konety Badrinath R. , Resnick Martin I. , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The authors report the likelihood of treatment failure and the outcomes after salvage therapy among men with prostate cancer who initially either received external‐beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).METHODS.Using a national disease registry, the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urological Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) database, 5277 men with prostate cancer were identified who initially either underwent RP (4342 men) or received EBRT (935 men). Outcomes after disease recurrence and subsequent salvage therapy were assessed.RESULTS.Recurrent disease developed in 1590 men (30%), including 1003 patients (23%) in the RP group and 587 patients (63%) in the EBRT group, at a mean of 34 months and 38 months, respectively (P = .003). Patients who had recurrent disease had greater rates of overall death (19% vs 3%; P < .01) and bone metastases (15% vs 1%; P < .01). Data after salvage therapy were available for 1050 patients (620 men in the RP group and 430 men in the EBRT group). Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) was the most common salvage treatment in both groups. Overall, 420 men in the RP group (68%) and 319 men in the EBRT group (74%) failed salvage therapy at mean of 43.6 months and 43.8 months, respectively (P = .95). These patients had a greater overall death rate than the 311 patients who did not fail salvage therapy (24.8% vs 6.9%, respectively; P < .001). No survival benefit in terms of prostate cancer‐related death (P = .91) was identified with any particular combination of primary and salvage therapy.CONCLUSIONS.Disease recurrence developed in 30% of patients who were treated for prostate cancer, and ADT was the most common salvage therapy used. Patients who failed salvage therapy had worse overall survival, and no survival benefit was noted for any particular combination of primary and salvage therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Hydraulic conductivity estimation in partially saturated soils using a full‐Newton method
Authors: Guarracino L. , Santos J. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn iterative algorithm based on a full‐Newton method for the estimation of the saturated hydraulic conductivity k from drainage experiments is presented. The water flow in the unsaturated zone is assumed to be described by Richards equation and the well‐known van Genuchten constitutive model. The cost functional used for the parameter optimization is defined as the L2‐error between the calculated pressure head values and the observed data at discrete points in the soil profile during the drainage process. The derivative of pressure head with respect to the parameter k is obtained as the solution of a differential equation with appropriate boundary and initial conditions. A Galerkin finite element procedure is used to obtain approximated solutions of the two differential problems involved in each iteration: the direct problem and the derivative of the functional. The algorithm was implemented in one‐dimensional domains and used to estimate k in layered soils using both synthetically generated data and observed data from an experimental plot in the Azul River basin (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm yields very good estimations of the saturated hydraulic conductivity and becomes a promising method for in situ estimation of this parameter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the encephalitogenic immune response in a model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: de Graaf Katrien L. , Barth Silvia , Herrmann Martin M. , Storch Maria K. , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz , Weissert Robert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be actively induced with the extracellular domain of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 1–125). MOG‐EAE closely mimics multiple sclerosis (MS) especially as far as demyelination, lesion formation and axonal pathology are concerned. MOG 91–108 is the encephalitogenic stretch within MOG 1–125 in two EAE‐susceptible MHC congenic LEW rat strains [LEW.1AV1 (RT1av1) and LEW.1N (RT1n)] and DA (RT1av1) rats. In LEW.1AV1 rats, disease could be induced with MOG 96–104 and to a lesser extent with MOG 98–106, whereas in LEW.1N rats, only MOG 98–106 was pathogenic. Both peptides bound well to their restricting MHC class II molecules, i.e., RT1.Dn in the LEW.1N rat and RT1.Ba in the LEW.1AV1 rat. TCR spectratyping of MOG 91–108 immunized LEW.1N, LEW.1AV1 and DA rats revealed that MHC class II determined the TCRBV preference of CNS infiltrating T cells. The data demonstrate that the most critical factor in inducing MS like pathology is presentation of autoantigenic peptides on MHC class II molecules resulting in demyelination and axonal pathology.
Structural Diversity and Modulation of Coordination Architectures with Flexible Dithioether or Disulfoxide Ligands
Authors: Li Jian‐Rong , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMetal complexes of flexible dithioether and disulfoxide ligands are briefly reviewed, focusing on the structural investigations based on X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Recent investigations from our laboratory have produced compelling experimental evidence that flexible dithioether and disulfoxide ligands exhibit rich coordination chemistry towards metal ions and have great potential in constructing metal complexes with diverse structures. The design and synthesis of the ligands and their complexes are described. A wide variety of crystal structures of mononuclear, discrete multinuclear complexes and coordination polymers are classified by their assembling fashions, and the coordination modes of the two types of ligands are summarized. Series of structurally related ligands with varied spacer lengths or terminal groups were systematically used to coordinate the same metal ion in similar reaction conditions to afford complexes with different structures, indicating that the spacer lengths and terminal groups of ligands have important effects on the structures of the complexes. Using the same ligand to coordinate with different metal ions gave distinct complexes, showing the influences of the affinity and geometry of metal ions on the structures of the complexes. In addition, varying the anions, the solvent used, and the ratio of reactants in synthesis also led to the formation of complexes with different structures. These results present a feasible way to control the structures of complexes with these or other ditopic flexible ligands by modifying the ligands, selecting metal ions, as well as adjusting reaction conditions, which has been regarded as a long‐time challenge in engineering metal–organic coordination architectures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Response Mechanism of Ion‐Selective Electrodes Based on a Guanidine Ionophore: An Apparently ‘Two‐Thirds Nernstian’ Response Slope
Authors: Koseoglu Secil S. , Lai Chun‐Ze , Ferguson Chad , Bühlmann Philippe 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhile ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) based on anion ionophores with guanidine groups were reported in the past, their response mechanism was poorly understood. In this study, an ionophore with one guanidine group was prepared as a model compound, and the chloride and sulfate responses of ISE membranes containing this ionophore were investigated. The electrodes exhibit Nernstian responses resulting from a neutral or charged ionophore mode when added cationic or anionic sites are used, respectively. Based on this observation, it might be expected that membranes without added ionic sites exhibit Nernstian responses according to a charged carrier mechanism. However, experimental results show an apparently ‘two–thirds Nernstian’ equilibrium response, which can be explained on the basis of the phase boundary model.
Aberrant splicing of the PTPRD gene mimics microdeletions identified at this locus in neuroblastomas
Authors: Nair Prakash , DePreter Katleen , Vandesompele Jo , Speleman Frank , Stallings Raymond L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NBL), a pediatric tumor arising from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system, is characterized by numerous recurrent large‐scale chromosomal imbalances. High resolution oligonucleotide array CGH analysis of NBL has previously identified microdeletions that are confined to the 5′ UTR of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor D (PTPRD) gene, implicating this gene in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Here, we demonstrate that the 5′ UTR of this gene, consisting of 11 noncoding exons, is also aberrantly spliced in >50% of NBL primary tumors and cell lines. The loss of exons from the 5′ UTR region through aberrant splicing results in aberrant mRNA isoforms that are similar to those generated through microdeletions. The aberrant splicing or microdeletion of 5′ UTR exons in such a high proportion of tumors indicates that loss of these exons dys‐regulates the mRNA sequence. To further validate the role of PTPRD in NBL, we have examined the expression of this gene in normal fetal adrenal neuroblasts (the cell of origin of NBL) and in tumors from patients with either low stage or high stage disease. This gene is expressed at lower levels in high stage NBL tumors, particularly those with amplification of MYCN, relative to low stage tumors or normal fetal adrenal neuroblasts, consistent with the possibility that loss of the 5′ UTR exons have destabilized the mRNA. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive analysis of loss of heterozygosity events in glioblastoma using the 100K SNP mapping arrays and comparison with copy number abnormalities defined by BAC array comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Lo Ken C. , Bailey Dione , Burkhardt Tania , Gardina Paul , Turpaz Yaron , Cowell John K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have undertaken an extensive high‐resolution analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 30 high grade gliomas using the Affymetrix 100K SNP mapping array. Only 70% of LOH events were accompanied by a copy number loss (CNAloss), and of the other 30%, the distal region of 17p preferentially showed copy number neutral (CNN)‐associated LOH. Combined analysis of CNAloss and LOH using MergeLevels analysis software predicts whether the observed losses occurred on a diploid or tetraploid background. In a side‐by‐side comparison between SNP and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) arrays, the overall identification of CNAs was similar on both platforms. The resolution provided by the SNP arrays, however, allowed a considerably more accurate definition of breakpoints as well as defining small events within the cancer genomes, which could not be detected on BAC arrays. CNN LOH was only detected by the SNP arrays, as was ploidy prediction. From our analysis, therefore, it is clear that simultaneously defining CNAs and CNN‐LOH using the SNP platform provides a higher resolution and more complete analysis of the genetic events that have occurred within tumor cells. Our extensive analysis of SNP array data has also allowed an objective assessment of threshold LOH scores that can accurately predict LOH. This capability has important implications for interpretation of LOH events since they have consistently been used to localize potential tumor suppressor genes within the cancer genome. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between activity participation and time to discharge in the assisted living setting
Authors: Tighe Sarah K. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. , C. Carlson Michelle , Onyike Chiadi U. , Samus Quincy , Baker Alva , Brandt Jason , Rabins Peter V. , Mayer Lawrence , Rosenblatt Adam , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectivesGiven recent evidence that activity participation may reduce functional decline, the effect of activity on resident ability to remain in assisted living (AL) is of interest. This study examines the relationship between participation in activities and the length of time residents remain in AL.MethodsThe data reported here were gathered in the initial phase of the Maryland Assisted Living Study (MDAL), an epidemiologic study of psychiatric disorders in AL. A stratified, random sample of 198 residents of 22 AL facilities in central Maryland was evaluated using a number of cognitive, behavioral, general health, and functional assessments. The total amount of time each resident spent in group and solitary activity in the prior month was quantified. The dependent variable, time to discharge (TTD), was the number of days between the date of initial assessment by the study team and the date of death in AL, discharge, or administrative censoring.ResultsGreater levels of activity participation at baseline are associated with longer TTD in an univariate Cox proportional hazards model. After adjustment for global cognitive functioning, general medical health, and mobility, greater activity participation remained associated with longer TTD in AL (p = 0.017).ConclusionsHigher levels of activity are associated with longer retention in the AL setting. This effect appeared to be independent of other potentially confounding factors such as general health, cognitive impairment, and mobility. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that engagement in activities delays functional decline, but further longitudinal research is needed to understand this finding. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of late‐life self‐reported emotional problems on Disability‐Free Life Expectancy: results from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study
Authors: Pérès Karine , Jagger Carol , Matthews Fiona E 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectivesDepression in old age is a major public health problem though its relationship to onset of disability and death is not well understood. We aim to quantify the impact of late‐life self‐reported depression and emotional problems on both the length and quality of remaining life.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of 11,022 individuals from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS), multi‐centre longitudinal study on ageing in individuals age 65 years and older living in England and Wales. Individuals have been followed at intermittent time intervals over 10 years. Subjects reporting at baseline that they had consulted about emotional problems for the first time since the age of 60 years were considered, along with a subgroup where a GP suggested depression. Disability was defined as an IADL or ADL disability that required help at least once a week. Total and Disability‐Free Life Expectancy (TLE and DFLE) were calculated using multi‐state models, separately by gender, and with presence of emotional problems/depression and multimorbidity as covariates.ResultsEmotional problems had a greater impact on DFLE than TLE, reducing DFLE by 1.8 years, but TLE by only 0.5 years at age 65 with the effect increasing with age. The effect was most marked in older people reporting other co‐morbidities where emotional problems in addition resulted in a reduction of 0.9 years in total and 2.6 years disability‐free.ConclusionsAlthough emotional problems were only self‐reported, these results highlight the burden of late‐life depression on the quality of remaining years of life. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The presence of high‐risk chromosome aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia does not correlate with centrosome aberrations
Authors: Ottaggio Laura , Zunino Annalisa , Maric Irena , Grozio Alessia , Rossi Edoardo , Spriano Mauro , Viaggi Silvia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChromosome aberrations are frequently found in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL), and specific chromosome aberrations identify poor prognostic subgroups. Almost all the aberrations identified in B‐CLL involve loci where genes with a role in the regulation of centrosome duplication have been mapped. Centrosome aberrations have been described as a possible cause of numerical chromosome abnormalities in both solid and haematological tumours. However, little is known about the possible role of centrosome aberrations in B‐CLL. To investigate whether centrosome aberrations do occur in B‐CLL and correlate with cytogenetically defined prognostic subgroups, we examined a set of 64 B‐CLL samples by immunofluorescent staining. B‐CLL cases differed significantly from controls in the mean frequency of cells with centrosome aberrations, while no difference was found between subgroups with or without specific chromosome aberrations. Our results indicated that although centrosome aberrations were a common feature in B‐CLL, they did not represent a reliable prognostic marker. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospital costs estimation and prediction as a function of patient and admission characteristics
Authors: Ramiarina Robert , Almeida Renan MVR , Pereira Wagner CA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present work analyzed the association between hospital costs and patient admission characteristics in a general public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The unit costs method was used to estimate inpatient day costs associated to specific hospital clinics. With this aim, three “cost centers” were defined in order to group direct and indirect expenses pertaining to the clinics. After the costs were estimated, a standard linear regression model was developed for correlating cost units and their putative predictors (the patients gender and age, the admission type (urgency/elective), ICU admission (yes/no), blood transfusion (yes/no), the admission outcome (death/no death), the complexity of the medical procedures performed, and a risk‐adjustment index). Data were collected for 3100 patients, January 2001–January 2003. Average inpatient costs across clinics ranged from (US$) 1135 [Orthopedics] to 3101 [Cardiology]. Costs increased according to increases in the risk‐adjustment index in all clinics, and the index was statistically significant in all clinics except Urology, General surgery, and Clinical medicine. The occupation rate was inversely correlated to costs, and age had no association with costs. The (adjusted) per cent of explained variance varied between 36.3% [Clinical medicine] and 55.1% [Thoracic surgery clinic]. The estimates are an important step towards the standardization of hospital costs calculation, especially for countries that lack formal hospital accounting systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending social health insurance to the informal sector in Kenya. An assessment of factors affecting demand
Authors: Mathauer Inke , Schmidt Jean‐Olivier , Wenyaa Maurice 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper contributes to analysing and understanding the demand for (social) health insurance of informal sector workers in Kenya by assessing their perceptions and knowledge of and concerns regarding health insurance and the Kenyan National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). It serves to explore how informal sector workers could be integrated into the NHIF.To collect data, focus group discussions were held with organized groups of informal sector workers of different types across the country, backed up by a self‐administered questionnaire completed by heads of NHIF area branch offices.It was found that the most critical barrier to NHIF enrolment is the lack of knowledge of informal sector workers about the NHIF, its enrolment option and procedures for informal sector workers. Inability to pay is a critical factor for some, but people were, in principle, interested in health insurance, and thus willing to pay for it.In sum, the mix of demand‐side determinants for enrolling in the NHIF is not as complex as expected. This is good news, as these demand‐side determinants can be addressed with a well‐designed strategy, focusing on awareness raising and information, improvement of insurance design features and setting differentiated and affordable contribution rates. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.