bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do long-term results justify decompressive craniectomy after severe traumatic brain injury?
Authors: Morgalla Matthias H. , Will Bernd E. , Roser Florian , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: September 2008

Object
A decompressive craniectomy can be a life-saving procedure to relieve critically increased intracranial pressure. The survival of a patient is important as well as the subsequent and long-term quality of life. In this paper the authors' goal was to investigate whether long-term clinical results justify the use of a decompressive craniectomy.

Methods
Thirty-three patients (20 males and 13 females) with a mean age of 36.3 years (range 13–60 years) with severe traumatic brain injury (Grades III and IV) and subsequent massive brain swelling were examined. For postoperative assessment the Barthel Index was used. A surgical intervention was based on the following criteria: 1) The intracranial pressure could not be controlled by conservative treatment and constantly exceeded 30 mm Hg (cerebral perfusion pressure < 50 mm Hg). 2) Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography revealed only a systolic flow pattern or systolic peaks. 3) There were no other major injuries. 4) The patient was not older than 60 years.

Results
One-fifth of all patients died and one-fifth remained in a vegetative state. Mild deficits were seen in 6 of 33 patients. A full rehabilitation (Barthel Index 90–100) was achieved in 13 patients (39.4%). Five patients could resume their former occupation, and another 4 had to change jobs.

Conclusions
Age remains to be one of the most important exclusion factors. Decompressive craniectomy provided good clinical results in nearly 40% of patients who were otherwise most likely to die. Therefore, long-term results justify the use of decompressive craniectomy in this case series.
Hypophysectomy for prostate cancer: a revival of old knowledge?
Authors: Flitsch Jörg , Bernreuther Christian , Hagel Christian , Lüdecke Dieter K. 
Published: September 2008

The growth of prostate cancer is controlled by several hormones and growth factors. In cases of metastasized prostate cancer, antigonadotropic therapy is currently considered state-of-the-art treatment. Surgical therapies such as adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy are no longer in use. Nevertheless, hypophysectomy has proven efficacy for palliative pain treatment as well as increasing duration of survival.
The authors present the case of a 63-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer who presented with high serum prostate-specific antigen levels (1216 μg/L) and cavernous sinus syndrome. His disease was progressing despite leuprorelin and docetaxel therapy, and he had severe bone pain despite high-dose pain therapy. He was also anemic. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging showed a pituitary lesion as well as metastatic infiltration of the skull base including the cavernous sinus. The patient's serum level of prolactin was mildly elevated, testosterone was below the detection limit, and insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) was in the upper range for a patient of his age (233 μg/L). Because of the elevated prolactin and high-normal IGF-I levels he was offered a hypophysectomy in addition to pituitary tumor removal. Histological examination of the resected lesion confirmed a nonsecreting pituitary adenoma with infiltration of prostate cancer cells. Postoperatively the patient's prostate-specific antigen levels dropped to 876 μg/L, his bone pain resolved, and the cavernous sinus syndrome improved. Nevertheless, he died of septicemia 4 months after surgery.
Older publications as well as this case have shown the benefit of hypophysectomy for pain treatment. A reduction of IGF-I levels even in the final stage metastasized prostate cancer may play a major role. Respectively, clinical studies with somatostatin analogs are currently in progress, which may lead to a “new” way of treatment in these otherwise hopeless patients. On the basis of the pain relief seen after hypophysectomy in this case and similar benefits reported in older publications, the authors raise the question whether this treatment should be offered more frequently, and whether additional medical options of hormone treatment may be beneficial in similar cases.
Willingness to pay for food produced in accordance with nature conservation criteria: A survey of the food chain
Authors: Wirthgen Antje 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Within the European Union, environment-friendly food production is receiving increasing interest. This can be seen in the growing demand for organic food as well as in the policies of some countries which support the production and the marketing of environment-friendly food.
This contribution is part of an interdisciplinary project that is looking at the central question of how agriculture and nature conservation can be integrated. The main objective of the marketing part of this project and of this article is to identify the willingness of various segments in the food chain to pay for food produced in accordance with nature conservation criteria. A consumer survey was conducted and the results analysed by means of descriptive and multivariate data analysis (factor, linear and logit regression analysis). The data were used to indicate how willing consumers are to pay for food associated with nature conservation, to estimate the demand elasticity and, finally, to explain the consumers’ willingness. To complete the demand analysis, additional research was conducted in the form of a survey of food retailers, processors and caterers. The results indicate that there is a willingness throughout the whole food chain to pay for food produced in accordance with nature conservation criteria. In conclusion, this study shows that nature conservation can be advantageous for farmers - as one way of differentiating and adding value to raw products.
Thermal properties of extruded and injection‐molded poly(lactic acid)‐based cuphea and lesquerella bio‐composites
Authors: Mohamed Abdellatif , Finkenstadt V. L. , Rayas‐Duarte P. , Debra E Palmquist , Gordon Sherald H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe degree of compatibility between poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and different bio‐fillers was examined using thermal methods. The biofillers were fibers extracted from cuphea and lesquerella seeds. Bio‐composites of PLA:Fiber were prepared at 85 : 15, 70 : 30, and 100 : 00 and blended by extrusion and then injection molding. Thermal properties of the extruded (EX) and the extruded‐injection molded (EXIM) composites were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Composites analysis using DSC provided information essential for determining: (1) glass transition (Tg); (2) crystallization and melting temperatures and ΔH; (3) percent crystallinity; and (4) Enthalpic Relaxation (ER). TGA was used to measure the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of the composites. The effect of fiber composition, processing conditions, and aging time on the thermal properties of the bio‐composites was used to examine the relative compatibility of the fibers with PLA. The data showed that ER increased steadily as a function of aging. Because of the difference in protein content between cuphea and lesquerella, the two fibers influenced the Tg (temperature and ΔCp) differently. The percent crystallinity of neat PLA was significantly reduced by EX or EXIM, while the enzymatic degradation showed that EX composites are more biodegradable than EXIM. The TGA profiles indicated a multi‐step degradation especially in air. The largest value of q, which indicated that, intermolecular interaction was strongest between lesquerella and PLA extruded materials, compared to the other three blends, possibly due to the higher protein content. Results also indicated that intermolecular interaction was least strong (q = −33.9156) in the EXIM PLA‐cuphea. Although the q values of both cuphea composites were significantly lower than those of the lesquerella samples, this greater effect of extrusion over injection molding on intermolecular interaction was also seen in the q value of the EX and EXIM samples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Production of mouse interleukin‐12 is greater in tobacco hairy roots grown in a mist reactor than in an airlift reactor
Authors: Liu Chunzhao , Towler Melissa J. , Medrano Giuliana , Cramer Carole L. , Weathers Pamela J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe compared the growth and productivity of a tobacco line of hairy roots that produces murine interleukin 12 (mIL‐12) grown in three different culture systems: shake flasks, an airlift reactor, and a scalable mist reactor. Of the total mIL‐12 produced by cultures grown in shake flasks (∼434.8 µg L−1), almost 21% was recovered from the medium. In contrast to roots harvested from shake flasks and the mist reactor, roots were not uniformly distributed in the airlift reactor. Roots formed a dense ring around the wall of the reactor and surrounding the central rising column of fine aeration bubbles. Root quality was also better in both the shake flasks and mist reactor than in the airlift reactor. There were more pockets of dark roots in the airlift reactor suggesting some of the roots were nutrient starved. Although the best root growth (7 g DW L−1) was in the shake flasks, both reactors produced about the same, but less dry mass, nearly 5 g DW L−1. Total mIL‐12 concentration was highest in the mist reactor at 5.3 µg g−1 FW, but productivity, 31 µg g−1 FW day−1 was highest in shake flasks. Roots grown in the mist reactor produced about 49.5% more mIL‐12 than roots grown in the airlift reactor. Protease activity in the media increased steadily during culture of the roots in all three systems. The comparisons of protease activity, protein and mIL‐12 levels done in the shake flask system suggest that the increase in proteases associated with progression into stationary phase is most detrimental to mIL‐12 concentration. This is the first description of the design and operation of a scalable version of a mist bioreactor that uses a plastic bag. This also the first report of reasonable production levels of functional mIL‐12, or any protein, produced by hairy roots grown in a mist reactor. Results will prove useful for further optimization and scale‐up studies of plant‐produced therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1074–1086. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A rapid and specific approach for direct measurement of donepezil concentration in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS employing solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Shah Hiten J. , Kundlik Mohan L. , Pandya Ankit , Prajapati Shivkumar , Subbaiah Gunta , Patel Chhagan N. , Patel Dasharath M. , Suhagiya Bhanu N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA selective, rapid and simple liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method is described for assay of donepezil in human plasma using escitalopram as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Betabasic‐C8, 5 µm, 100 × 4.6 mm column using methanol:water:formic acid (90:9.97:0.03, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Detection of donepezil and internal standard was achieved by ESI MS/MS in positive ion mode using 380.20/91.10 and 325.13/262.00 transitions, respectively. The linearity over the concentration range of 0.15–50 ng/mL for donepezil was obtained and the lower limit of quantification was 0.15 ng/mL. For each level of quality control samples, inter‐day and intra‐day precisions (RSD) were ≤8.92 and 10.35% and accuracy (%RE) were ≤7.33% and 9.33%, respectively. The recovery was more than 88.50% for both donepezil and internal standard by solid‐phase extraction, eliminating evaporation and reconstitution steps. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Modular “Toolbox” Approach to Flexible Branched Multimacrocyclic Hosts as Precursors for Multiply Interlocked Architectures
Authors: Baytekin Bilge , Zhu Sascha S. , Brusilowskij Boris , Illigen Jens , Ranta Jenni , Huuskonen Juhani , Russo Luca , Rissanen Kari , Kaufmann Lena , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTetralactam macrocycles can be functionalized by a variety of cross‐coupling reactions. A modular “toolbox” strategy is presented that allows 1) several tetralactam macrocycles to be covalently connected with each other or with a central spacer, 2) the macrocycles to be substituted with or connected to different chromophores, and 3) metal‐coordination sites to be attached to the macrocycles. With this approach a series of different oligo‐macrocyclic hosts was obtained with great structural diversity and enormous potential for further functionalization. Rotaxanes made on the basis of these macrocycles have been synthesized to demonstrate their utility in building more complex supramolecular architectures.
Phase 2 study of gemcitabine and irinotecan in metastatic breast cancer with correlatives to determine topoisomerase I localization as a predictor of response
Authors: Moulder Stacy , Valkov Nickola , Neuger Anthony , Choi Jimin , Lee Ji Hyun , Minton Susan , Munster Pamela , Gump Jana , Lacevic Mira , Lush Richard , Sullivan Dan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Gemcitabine incorporation into DNA enhances cleavage complexes in vitro when combined with topoisomerase I inhibitors and demonstrates synergy in cancer cells when given with irinotecan. Topoisomerase I inhibitors require that topoisomerase I interacts with DNA to exert activity.METHODS.Patients who had received previous anthracycline therapy or were not candidates for anthracycline therapy received gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes followed by irinotecan at a dose of 100 mg/m2 over 90 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21‐day cycle. The primary endpoint was improvement in response from that historically observed with gemcitabine (from 25% to 45%) as measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Correlative studies included characterization of cellular levels and nuclear distribution of topoisomerase I and pharmacokinetic analysis of gemcitabine and irinotecan.RESULTS.Forty‐nine patients were assessed for response. The response rate was approximately 25% (all partial responses [PRs], 12 patients; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 13‐39). Six patients had stable disease (SD) for ≥6 months for a clinical benefit rate (PR + SD) of 39%. The median time to disease progression was 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.5 months‐4.6 months), and median survival was 11.6 months (95% CI, 8.9 months‐15 months). Toxicities included neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting. Seven of 9 tissue biopsies were assessable for topoisomerase I. Tumors with the 2 lowest nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios demonstrated no response to irinotecan.CONCLUSIONS.Gemcitabine and irinotecan are active in metastatic breast cancer, but response did not meet predetermined response parameters, and the null hypothesis was accepted. Topoisomerase I localization can be measured in metastatic breast cancer. Further validation is needed to determine whether this assay can predict response. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Taxpropellane: A Novel Taxane with an Unprecedented Polycyclic Skeleton from the Needles of Taxus canadensis
Authors: Zhang Man‐Li , Dong Mei , Huo Chang‐Hong , Li Li‐Geng , Sauriol Françoise , Shi Qing‐Wen , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Makabe Hidefumi , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTaxpropellane, the first example of a taxane with an unprecedented 6/5/5/6/4/5‐membered ring hexacyclic skeleton ([3.3.2]propellane), was isolated from the needles of Taxus canadensis. This compound would be derived from a normal 6/8/6 taxane by a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between the 3,4‐ and 11,12‐double bonds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibitory Study of New Polyhydroxylated Indolizidines
Authors: Baumann Delphine , Bennis Khalil , Ripoche Isabelle , Théry Vincent , Troin Yves 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of two polyhydroxylated indolizidines as potenticial glycosidase inhibitors is reported. The piperidine ring was formed by an intramolecular Mannich‐type reaction between ethyl trans‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenoate and the two β‐amino ketones (–)‐1‐(2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl)propan‐2‐amine and(+)‐1‐(benzyloxymethyl)‐2‐(2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl)ethylamine. The synthesis of this amine was performed in eight steps from L‐aspartic acid. The key steps of the formation of the framework involved dihydroxylation, nucleophilic substitution, and reduction. The last hydroxy group was introduced by hydrolysis of the acetal moiety followed by reduction of the resulting ketone. The inhibitory properties of the two synthesized indolizidines were evaluated against a variety of commercial glycosidases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Alternating Layers of Iron(III) Tetra(N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)‐porphyrin and Copper Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine for Amperometric Detection of 4‐Nitrophenol in Nanomolar Levels
Authors: Lima Phabyanno Rodrigues , de Jesus Rodrigues Santos Wilney , Goulart Marília Oliveira Fonseca , Tanaka Auro Atsushi , Tanaka Sônia Maria Carvalho Neiva , Kubota Lauro Tatsuo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present work describes the development of a highly sensitive amperometric sensor for 4‐NP in nanomolar levels using a glassy carbon electrode modified with alternating layers of CuTSPc and FeT4MPyP. After optimizing the operational conditions, the sensor provided a linear response range for 4‐NP from 5 up to 100 nmol L−1 with sensitivity, detection, and quantification limits of 14 nA L nmol−1, 1.9 nmol L−1, and 5.4 nmol L−1, respectively. The proposed sensor showed a stable response for at least 200 successive determinations. This modified electrode can be used to the determination of 4‐NP in water samples.
Increased fetal cell microchimerism in high grade breast carcinomas occurring during pregnancy
Authors: Dubernard Gil , Oster Michel , Chareyre Fabrice , Antoine Martine , Rouzier Roman , Uzan Serge , Aractingi Selim , Khosrotehrani Kiarash 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPregnancy results in the transfer of stem cells from the fetus to the maternal circulation. These cells are able to migrate and differentiate within various damaged maternal tissues. We recently showed the presence of fetal‐derived cells in human breast carcinomas during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to reproduce these results in a murine model of “pregnancy‐associated” breast carcinoma. We bred virgin MMTV‐H‐Ras transgenic female mice with male mice transgenic for luciferase under the control of the VEGFR2 promoter. Tumors that developed during or following gestation were analyzed and their nuclear grade classified. Fetal cells were detected by Y chromosome Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH in 9/9 of breast carcinomas but only in 2 liver controls from the same animals. The number of fetal cells was 20 and 4.9 per million maternal cells in these tissues, respectively (p < 0.05). High grade tumors had significantly more fetal cells (p < 0.05). In vivo imaging of the luciferase signal under control of the VEGFR2 promoter as well as von Willebrand staining did not reveal an endothelial phenotype of fetal cells. Sixty two percent of the fetal cells expressed cytokeratins but were not tumoral. In conclusion, fetal cells—expressing cytokeratin—are always present in murine breast carcinomas associated with gestation. Interestingly, high‐grade tumors contain more fetal cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time intraoperative detection of melanoma lymph node metastases using recombinant vaccinia virus GLV‐1h68 in an immunocompetent animal model
Authors: Kelly Kaitlyn J. , Brader Peter , Woo Yanghee , Li Sen , Chen Nanhai , Yu Yong A. , Szalay Aladar A. , Fong Yuman 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThere is a clinical need for improved intraoperative detection of lymph node metastases from malignant melanoma (MM). We aimed to investigate the use of recombinant vaccinia virus GLV‐1h68, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), for real‐time intraoperative detection of melanoma lymph node metastases in an immunocompetent animal model. Mice bearing foot pad tumors received intratumoral injections of GLV‐1h68, and 48 hr later were evaluated for popliteal lymph node metastasis using noninvasive bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging. Histologic analysis of lymph nodes was performed to determine sensitivity and specificity of virus‐mediated detection. Intratumoral injection of GLV‐1h68 into primary foot pad melanoma tumors resulted in viral transmission to popliteal lymph nodes, infection of lymphatic metastases, and transgene expression that was reliably and easily detected. Histologic confirmation demonstrated favorable operating characteristics of this assay (sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value [PPV] 100%, negative predictive value [NPV] 91%). Detection of marker gene expression by GLV‐1h68 allowed the detection of lymphatic metastases in an immunocompetent animal model of MM. This assay is rapid, sensitive, specific and easy to perform and interpret. As a candidate gene therapy virusfor killing cancer, GLV‐1h68 may also have significant concomitant diagnostic utility in the staging of cancer patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Green light stimulates somatic growth in the barfin flounder Verasper moseri
Authors: Yamanome Takeshi , Mizusawa Kanta , Hasegawa Ei‐ichi , Takahashi Akiyoshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe examined the effects of different light wavelengths—blue, green, and red—on the somatic growth of the barfin flounder Verasper moseri, a flatfish. The light sources used were fluorescent lamps and a combination of daylight and fluorescent lamps that produced ambient light. These light sources were filtered using blue, green, or red filters. During the experiments, the fish were reared in indoor tanks with running seawater of natural temperature and fed with commercial pellets twice daily until satiety. The tanks were white in color. Fish were exposed to constant light emitted from the fluorescent lamps (9:15, light:dark; 08:00–17:00, light) for 14 weeks from October or September to January or to ambient light with a 14‐week natural photoperiod from September to December. The wavelengths that were filtered from the fluorescent lamp light modified the growth of the fish, i.e., fish reared under green or blue light exhibited a greater total length (TL; P<0.01) and body weight (BW; P<0.01) than those reared under red light. In contrast, in the case of fish exposed to filtered ambient light, fish reared under green light exhibited a greater TL (P<0.01) and BW (P<0.01) than fish exposed to other wavelengths—blue‐, red‐, and nonfiltered ambient light. Our results indicate that flounder growth was modified by certain wavelengths, namely, green and red light, which had growth‐stimulating and growth‐inhibiting effects, respectively. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:73–79, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.