bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of alternating L‐/D‐amino acid chiralities and disulfide bond geometry on the capacity of cysteine‐containing reversible cyclic peptides to disperse carbon nanotubes
Authors: Becraft Eric J. , Klimenko Anton S. , Dieckmann Gregg R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have exciting properties and potential applications, their hydrophobic nature makes them difficult to purify and manipulate. To fully realize the potential of SWNTs, strategies for the effective dispersion, separation, and organization of these materials must be devised. In this article, work involving the recent design and characterization of reversible cyclic peptides (RCPs) and RCP/SWNT composites will be described. The peptides in this work contain alternating L‐ and D‐amino acid sequences, as well as N‐ and C‐terminal cysteine residues (RCP‐Cys) that allow for their covalent closure around the circumference of individual SWNTs. When RCPs are oxidized in the presence of SWNTs, dispersions are produced that are stable against dilution by dialysis without the formation of aggregates. The reported studies using Raman spectroscopy and UV/Vis/NIR were focused on answering the questions (1) does the chirality of the disulfide bond impact the capacity of the RCP‐Cys to disperse SWNTs, and (2) is the alternating chirality of the amino acids in the RCP‐Cys peptides important for SWNT dispersion. It was found that though Cys‐containing RCPs are indeed able to disperse SWNTs, the chirality of the Cys residues on the N‐ and C‐ termini does not have a significant influence on the dispersed SWNT population. However, there is a large decrease in the dispersability by RCP‐Cys when the alternating L/D‐chiral pattern of amino acids is replaced with all L‐amino acids. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 212–221, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Prognostic value of subclassification of T2 tumours in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Nitti D , Marchet A , Mocellin S , Rossi G M , Ambrosi A , Mencarelli R 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of tumour stage T2 subcategorization (T2a and T2b) in patients with gastric carcinoma.MethodsClinicopathological details of a prospective series of patients who had radical resection of gastric adenocarcinoma in a single institution were analysed. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed with the log rank test and Cox's model respectively.ResultsOf 373 evaluable patients, 49 (13·1 per cent) had a T2a and 143 (38·3 per cent) a T2b tumour. At a median follow-up of 35·5 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 73 and 31·1 per cent for patients with T2a and T2b lesions respectively (P &lt; 0·001). On multivariable analysis, T stage remained an independent prognostic factor. Compared with T1a, the mortality risk for patients with T1b (hazard ratio (HR) 1·00; P = 0·992) and T2a (HR 0·97; P = 0·916) tumours was similar; by contrast, the risk of death associated with T2b (HR 1·81; P = 0·031) and T3 (HR 1·89; P = 0·038) lesions was significantly greater than for T1a tumours.ConclusionSubclassification of T2 tumours should be undertaken routinely in order to stratify patients with gastric cancer more accurately in terms of their mortality risk.
Validation of a nomogram for predicting survival after resection for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: de Castro S M M , Biere S S A Y , Lagarde S M , Busch O R C , van Gulik T M , Gouma D J 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundNomograms are statistical tools providing the overall probability of a specific outcome; they have shown better individual discrimination than the tumour node metastasis staging system in several cancers. The pancreatic nomogram, originally developed in the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in the USA, combines clinicopathological and operative data to predict disease-specific survival at 1, 2 and 3 years from initial resection.MethodsAn external patient cohort from a retrospective pancreatic adenocarcinoma database at the Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam was used to test the validity of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma nomogram. The cohort included 263 consecutive patients who had surgery between January 1985 and December 2004.ResultsData for all the necessary variables were available for 256 patients (97·3 per cent). At the last follow-up, 35 patients were alive, with a median follow-up of 27 (range 3–114) months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year disease-specific survival rates were 60·8, 30·4 and 16·0 per cent respectively. The nomogram concordance index was 0·61. The calibration analysis of the model showed that the predicted survival did not significantly deviate from the actual survival.ConclusionThe MSKCC pancreatic cancer nomogram provided an accurate survival prediction. It may aid in counselling patients and in stratification of patients for clinical trials.
Prognosis of synchronous bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Irvine T , Allen D S , Gillett C , Hamed H , Fentiman I S 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of patients with synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) is usually based on the tumour with the worst pathological features. There is little evidence in the literature for this assumption, potentially impairing reasoned decisions on optimal adjuvant therapy.

Methods
This was a case–control study in which 68 women with SBBC were matched with 128 women with unilateral breast cancer. Both the GuysRisk prognostic model and the Nottingham Prognostic Index were used to determine the bilateral tumour with the poorer prognosis. Controls were matched for age, menopausal status, date of diagnosis, histological type and grade, and oestrogen receptor and axillary node status.

Results
Both prognostic models indicated the same side tumour with the worst prognosis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for both disease-free and overall survival showed no significant difference in outcome between the two groups.

Conclusion
Prognosis was determined by the tumour with the worst prognosis, with no additional worsening of outcome incurred from the second tumour.
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Buimer M G , Wobbes T , Klinkenbijl J H G 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, suppurative cutaneous disease. Despite its incidence, optimal medical or surgical treatment remains unclear. This review describes the disease, ranging from pathogenesis to treatment and prognosis.

Methods
Articles were sourced from PubMed and Medline, using the MeSH terms ‘hidradenitis suppurativa’ and ‘acne inversa’. Selection of articles was based on peer review, journal, relevance and English language.

Results and conclusion
On the basis of histological findings, the disease is now considered inflammatory and originating from the hair follicle; therefore, the term ‘acne inversa’ is favoured by some experts. The exact aetiology remains obscure but smoking seems to be a major triggering factor. Treatment should be individualized according to the site and extent of the disease. Absolute cessation of smoking is essential in the treatment of hidradenitis. Management with antibiotics or other medications may relieve early symptoms, but radical surgery may be necessary for control and to prevent recurrence.
Mechanistic Study of Carbon Oxidation with NO2 and O2 in the Presence of a Ru/Na‐Y Catalyst
Authors: Jeguirim M. , Tschamber V. , Villani K. , Brilhac J. F. , Martens J. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe oxidation of model soot by NO2 and O2 in the presence of a Ru/Na‐Y catalyst under conditions close to automotive exhaust gas after‐treatment systems is investigated. Isothermal oxidation experiments of a physical mixture of carbon black and catalyst were performed in a temperature range of 300–400 °C. A remarkable increase of the oxidation rate by NO2 and O2 in the presence of the Ru/Na‐Y catalyst was observed. An overall mechanism involving oxygen transfer from the Ru catalyst to the carbon surface leading to an increase of C(O) complexes is proposed. These C(O) complexes are destabilized in the presence of NO2 increasing the carbon oxidation rate.
Density Functional Studies on Isomerization of Prostaglandin H2to Prostacyclin Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450
Authors: Yanai Tetsuya K. , Mori Seiji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAt the double: DFT studies on the biosynthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2, see scheme) from prostaglandin H2(PGH2) show two reaction mechanisms through two different oxidation states, an FeIV–porphyrin intermediate and an FeIII–porphyrin π‐cation radical, followed by a proton‐coupled electron‐transfer process.magnified imageReaction mechanisms for the isomerization of prostaglandin H2to prostacyclin catalyzed by cytochrome P450 are investigated by the unrestricted Becke's three‐parameter plus Lee–Yang–Parr density functional level of theory. The results show that the homolytic OO bond cleavage of endoperoxide in prostaglandin H2is the rate‐limiting step and that the isomerization proceeds through proton‐coupled electron transfer. We located two reaction pathways through an FeIV–porphyrin intermediate and an FeIII–porphyrin π‐cation radical intermediate.
An All‐Photonic Molecular Keypad Lock
Authors: Andréasson Joakim , Straight Stephen D. , Moore Thomas A. , Moore Ana L. , Gust Devens 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOff and on: A molecular triad, consisting of a porphyrin linked to two different, independently addressable photochromic moieties, functions as a molecular keypad lock with all‐photonic inputs and output. The porphyrin correlates the responses of the two inputs to light of different wavelengths and provides an appropriate output as fluorescence, which results only when one of eight possible input combinations has been applied (see figure).magnified image
Untersuchungen zur Fluoreszenz von Lactat bei Raumtemperatur und tiefen Temperaturen
Authors: Wimmer C. , Arnold T. , Großmann K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Fluoreszenzeigenschaften einer 0,1 M Lactatlösung wurden bei Raumtemperatur und im gefrorenen Zustand bei 200, 100, und 10 K bei einer Anregungswellenlänge von 266 nm durch Kopplung der zeitaufgelösten Laser‐induzierten Fluoreszenzspektroskopie (TRLFS) mit einem Kryostatensystem untersucht. Bei Raumtemperatur konnte keine Fluoreszenz nachgewiesen werde. Allerdings war es mit abnehmender Temperatur möglich, eine stark zunehmende Fluoreszenzintensität und ‐lebensdauer zu detektiert. Es ließ sich ein Intensitätsmaximum bei 472 ± 2 nm und bei 10 K eine Lebensdauer von 6737,5 ± 1,6 ns ermitteln.
Lösungsmitteleinfluss Ionischer Flüssigkeiten bei der radikalischen Polymerisation
Authors: Schmidt‐Naake G. , Schmalfuß A. , Woecht I. , Glück T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBei der radikalischen Polymerisation von polaren, in ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ILs) löslichen Monomeren wird ein außerordentlich großer Lösungsmitteleffekt beobachtet. Der Lösungsmitteleinfluss der ILs verursacht eine erhebliche Erhöhung der Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit und auffallend hohe, meist breit verteilte Molmassen. Sowohl die experimentell ermittelten sehr großen Wachstumskonstanten kp als auch die Reduzierung ihrer Aktivierungsenergie sind durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen der Monomere und wachsende Radikalketten mit den Kationen sowie den Anionen der IL erklärbar. Die hohe Viskosität der IL sowie die zunehmende Viskosität im Reaktionsverlauf sind für die hohen Molmassen und meist beträchtlichen Polydispersitäten verantwortlich. In dieser Arbeit wird die gezielte Veränderung der Polymerisationskonstanten kp und kt durch den Einsatz von Mikrowellenreaktoren, IL‐Lösungsmittelgemischen und erhöhten Reaktionstemperaturen untersucht.
Numerical framework for patient‐specific computational modelling of vascular tissue
Authors: Alastrué V. , Garía A. , Peña E. , Rodríguez J. F. , Martínez M. A. , Doblaré M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAccurate determination of the biomechanical implications of vascular surgeries or pathologies on patients requires developing patient‐specific models of the organ or vessel under consideration. In this regard, combining the development of advanced constitutive laws that mimic the behaviour of the vascular tissue with advanced computer analysis and medical imaging techniques provides a powerful tool for modelling vascular tissues on a patient‐specific basis. A framework for developing patient‐specific models of blood vessel geometries obtained from medical imaging techniques is presented. The multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor is intensively combined with the finite element method in order to account for the residual stress present on those geometries. In addition, an algorithm to compensate the mismatching effect of the load on the medical images is also discussed. Hence, a residually stressed and geometrically consistent model of the patient is obtained. The general framework is demonstrated in a realistic geometry of a carotid bifurcation. The example presented in this work shows that the incorporation of the residual stress dramatically affects the circumferential stress field, homogenizing the distribution and reducing the stress gradient. It also demonstrates that not accounting for the residual stress on a patient‐specific geometry can lead to a completely different deformed configurations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of t‐HNOH Radicals Generated on VUV Irradiation of NO in Solid Hydrogen
Authors: Wu Yu‐Jong , Lin Meng‐Yeh , Hsu Sheng‐Chuan , Cheng Bing‐Ming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhotoproduct signature: Irradiation of solid hydrogen near 3 K containing NO with vacuum‐UV light from synchrotron radiation yields new infrared absorption lines at 1241.7, 1063.6 and 726.2 cm−1 (see figure). These new lines are assigned to vibrational modes of t‐HNOH. This photoproduct is formed from electronically excited NO reacting with neighboring hydrogen in the solid sample.magnified imageIrradiation of solid H2 near 3 K containing NO with vacuum‐ultraviolet light from a synchrotron yields new infrared absorption lines at 1241.7, 1063.6 and 726.2 cm−1. The structures of four possible structural isomers: H2NO, t‐HNOH, c‐HNOH and NOH2, their vibrational wavenumbers, IR intensities and D‐isotopic shifts are calculated with density‐functional theory according to B3LYP and PW91PW91/aug‐cc‐pVTZ methods. Based on the results of those calculations and of experiments with deuterium labeling, we assign the new lines to ν4 (cis bending), ν5 (NO stretching) and ν6 (out‐of‐plane deformation) modes, respectively, of t‐HNOH. This photoproduct is formed through reaction of electronically excited NO with neighboring H2 in the solid sample.
Optical Second Harmonic Generation Chiral Spectroscopy
Authors: Foerier Stijn , Kolmychek Irina A. , Aktsipetrov Oleg A. , Verbiest Thierry , Valev Ventsislav K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChiral spectroscopic study: The intensities of second harmonic generation chiral spectroscopy are obtained from the dispersion of the nonlinear optical susceptibility components, as a function of wavelength for helicenbisquinone thin films (see figure). A single formalism fits all the data simultaneously, and the findings constitute an important milestone towards the development of a new experimental technique.magnified image
Properties of Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide (a‐SiC:H) Films Formed by Remote Hydrogen Microwave Plasma CVD From a Triethylsilane Precursor: Part 2
Authors: Walkiewicz‐Pietrzykowska Agnieszka , Wrobel Aleksander M. , Glebocki Bartosz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe surface morphology and physical (density), optical (refractive index), and mechanical (hardness, elasticity) properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (a‐SiC:H) films produced by remote microwave hydrogen plasma (RHP)CVD from a triethylsilane precursor are investigated. The effect of substrate temperature (varied in the range Ts = 30–400 °C) on the properties of a‐SiC:H films is reported. In view of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination the films were found to be morphologically homogeneous materials exhibiting small surface roughness which varies with Ts in a narrow range of values (1.0–1.5 nm). The relationships between the film compositional parameter, expressed by the atomic concentration ratio Si/C, and structural parameter described by the relative integrated intensities of the absorption IR band from the SiC bonds (controlled by substrate temperature) are examined. On the basis of the results of these examinations, reasonable compositional and structural dependencies of film properties are determined. The properties of investigated a‐SiC:H films are compared with those reported in the literature for films produced from various organosilicon precursors by different CVD techniques. Due to their good mechanical properties a‐SiC:H films produced in a high substrate temperature regime (Ts = 300–400 °C) seem to be useful as protective coatings improving the surface mechanics of various engineering materials.
Parathyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of parathyroid adenoma: Cytologic findings from 53 patients
Authors: Agarwal Archana M. , Bentz Joel S. , Hungerford Ryan , Abraham Dev 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the utility of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma (PA). Fifty‐seven samples from fifty‐three cases of PA (four patients had bilateral disease) were obtained by ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) estimation was performed on the supernatant of the aspirated fluid on all cases. Subsequently, all of them underwent cytologic evaluation. The cytology slides were evaluated using the following criteria: Cellularity, architectural patterns, bare nuclei in the background, nuclear morphology, and background features (colloid‐like material or macrophages). Parathyroid cells were seen in 23 samples (40.4%). The cellularity of the smears was insufficient for interpretation in 16 samples (28.1%); and thyroid follicles and colloid were seen in 18 samples (31.5%). Majority of the samples with parathyroid cells showed moderate cellularity with monomorphous round to slightly oval cells predominantly arranged in loose two‐dimensional clusters with occasional papillary fragments. Majority of them exhibited a stippled nuclear chromatin. No significant pleomorphism, mitotic activity, or prominent nucleoli were observed. Most samples showed bare nuclei in the background. In conclusion, US‐guided FNAC has its limitations because of low sensitivity in primary localization of the parathyroid adenoma in cases of primary hyperparathyroidism and is not a useful mode of investigation in cases of PA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell tolerance induced by repeated antigen stimulation: Selective loss of Foxp3− conventional CD4 T cells and induction of CD4 T‐cell anergy
Authors: Eroukhmanoff Lena , Oderup Cecilia , Ivars Fredrik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRepeated immunization of mice with bacterial superantigens induces extensive deletion and anergy of reactive CD4 T cells. Here we report that the in vitro proliferation anergy of CD4 T cells from TCR transgenic mice immunized three times with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) (3× SEB) is partially due to an increased frequency of Foxp3+ CD4 T cells. Importantly, reduced number of conventional CD25− Foxp3− cells, rather than conversion of such cells to Foxp3+ cells, was the cause of that increase and was also seen in mice repeatedly immunized with OVA (3× OVA) and OVA—peptide (OVAp) (3× OVAp). Cell‐transfer experiments revealed profound but transient anergy of CD4 T cells isolated from 3× OVAp and 3× SEB mice. However, the in vivo anergy was CD4 T‐cell autonomous and independent of Foxp3+ Treg. Finally, proliferation of transferred CD4 T cells was inhibited in repeatedly immunized mice but inhibition was lost when transfer was delayed, despite the maintenance of elevated frequency of Foxp3+ cells. These data provide important implications for Foxp3+ cell‐mediated tolerance in situations of repeated antigen exposure such as human persistent infections.
BM stromal cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by altering the balance of Th cells through the secretion of IDO
Authors: Kong Qing‐fei , Sun Bo , Wang Guang‐you , Zhai Dong‐xu , Mu Li‐li , Wang Dan‐dan , Wang Jing‐hua , Li Rui , Li Hu‐lun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn addition to their capacity to differentiate, BM stromal cells (BMSC) have immunosuppressive qualities that make them strong candidates for use in cell therapy against human autoimmune diseases. We studied the immunoregulatory activities of BMSC on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in vitro and in vivo. Intravenous administration of syngenic BMSC to EAMG‐model rats on the day of their second immunization was effective in ameliorating the pathological features of the disease. In vitro, the proliferative ability of T cells or B cells from EAMG rats was inhibited when they were cocultured with BMSC at proper ratios. This inhibitory effect was at least partially dependent on the secretion of IDO. We also determined that the development of EAMG is accompanied by an imbalance among the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell subsets, and that this can be corrected by the administration of BMSC, which leads to an increase of Th2 (IL‐4) and Treg (Foxp3) cells, and a reduction of Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th17 (IL‐17) cells, through an IDO‐dependent mechanism. These results provide further insights into the pathogenesis of MG, EAMG, and other immune‐mediated diseases, and support a potential role for BMSC in their treatment.
Human Th17 cells: Are they different from murine Th17 cells?
Authors: Annunziato Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Liotta Francesco , Maggi Enrico , Romagnani Sergio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractType 17 Th (Th17) cells have been identified as a distinct population of CD4+ effector T cells different from Th1 and Th2 cells. While the pre‐eminent cytokine of Th1 cells is IFN‐γ and that of Th2 cells is IL‐4, the distinctive cytokine of Th17 cells is IL‐17A. However, although murine and human Th1 and Th2 cells exhibit strong similarities, human and murine Th17 cells seem to differ in several aspects.
Cytokine mediators of Th17 function
Authors: Spolski Rosanne , Leonard Warren J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTh17 cells were identified as an independent lineage of CD4+ T cells that secrete a distinctive set of immunoregulatory cytokines, including IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐22, and IL‐21. These cytokines collectively play roles in inflammation and autoimmunity and in response to extracellular pathogens. The expression of the lineage‐specific transcription factor RORγt leads to Th17 lineage commitment; however, it has become increasingly clear that the population of cells designated as Th17 cells is not homogeneous. Although these cells collectively produce characteristic Th17 cytokines, not all are produced by each individual cell in the population. The cytokines produced by individual cells are presumably affected in part by the specific local cytokine milieu. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the specific functional characteristics and regulation of Th17 cytokines and clarify how they mediate the actions of Th17 cells.
IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells
Authors: O'Brien Rebecca L. , Roark Christina L. , Born Willi K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIL‐17 is produced not only by CD4+ αβ T cells, but also CD8+ αβ T cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells, plus some non‐T cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. The ability of IL‐17 to deploy neutrophils to sites of inflammation imparts this cytokine with a key role in diseases of several types. Surprisingly, γδ T cells are responsible for much of the IL‐17 produced in several disease models, particularly early on.