bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Developments of Medical Informatics from the Viewpoint of Networked Clinical Research
Authors: Kuchinke W. , Ohmann C. 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Objectives: To be prepared for future developments, such as enabling support of rapid innovation transfer and personalized medicine concepts, interoperability of basic research, clinical research and medical care is essential. It is the objective of our paper to give an overview of developments, indicate problem areas and to specify future requirements.
Methods: In this paper recent and ongoing large-scaled activities related to interoper-ability and integration of networked clinical research are described and evaluated. The following main topics are covered: necessity for general IT-conception, open source/open community approach, acceptance of eSource in clinical research, interoperability of the electronic health record and electronic data capture and harmonization and bridging of standards for technical and semantic inter-operability.
Results: National infrastructures and programmes have been set up to provide general IT-conceptions to guide planning and development of software tools (e.g. TMF, ca BIG, NIHR). The concept of open research described by transparency achieved through open access, open data, open communication and open source software is becoming more and more important in clinical research infrastructure development (e.g. ca BIG, ePCRN). Meanwhile visions and rules for using eSource in clinical research are available, with the potential to improve interoperability between the electronic health record and electronic data capture (e.g. CDISC e SDI, eClinical Forum/PhRMA EDC/eSource Taskforce). Several groups have formulated user requirements, use cases and technical frameworks to advance these issues (e.g. NHIN Slipstream-project, EHR/CR-project, IHE). In order to achieve technical and semantic interoperability, existing standards (e.g. CDISC) have to be harmonized and bridged. Major consortia have been formed to provide semantical inter-operability (e.g. HL7 RCRIM under joint leadership of HL7, CDISC and FDA, or BRIDG covering CDISC, HL7, FDA, NCI) and to provide core sets of data collection fields (CDASH).
Conclusions: The essential tasks for medical informatics within the next ten years will now be the development and implementation of encompassing IT conceptions, strong support of the open community and open source approach, the acceptance of eSource in clinical research, the uncompromising continuity of standardization and bridging of technical standards and the widespread use of electronic health record systems.
ERYTHROCYTES DAMAGE BY ULTRASOUND AT DIFFERENT HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES
Authors: YANG SHIUH-KUANG , HUANG YI-CHENG 
Published: December 2008

The study of the biological effect of ultrasound on tissue has become an important branch of biophysical ultrasonics. Among the important biological effects, which have been discovered, are chromosomal anomalies, cell death, destruction of cellular structures. Although heating may be important in some results, nonthermal mechanics, such as cavitation, are often suggested as being responsible for the observed effects. In this paper, the biological subject of this study is the red blood cells (RBC); the relationship between the threshold lesion of RBC and frequency of ultrasound was studied. It has been concerned that a suitable frequency value of ultrasound was selected, capable of driving the bubbles to an interesting reaction. The effective mass of the bubble.for the oscillating system is due to the motion of the surrounding medium. For the purposes, by using the approximate expressions for the effective stiffness and mass of a gas body, one can determine the resonance frequency of the gas body. In the closed system, three types of frequencies were employed with different pressure. The cell death threshold varies with the ultrasonic frequency of exposure, the minimum at about 10 MHz. This report is intended to provide a useful way for the study of the biological effect of ultrasound at medically relevant frequencies.
SYNERGISTIC WRIST DYNAMIC SPLINT FOR FLEXOR TENDON REPAIR
Authors: CHOU PEI-HSI , CHOU YOU-LI , AN KAI-NAN , LIN GAU-TYAN , SU FONG-CHIN , YANG CHING-SHOUNG , HUANG GWO-FENG 
Published: December 2008

Tendons are frequently injured by direct trauma. Tendon adhesions were a common sequel of tendon repair and are one of the most challenging problems in hand surgery. The concept of “controlled motion” gradually replaced “total immobilization” in the treatment of flexor tendon injuries and today represents a standard of care for all primary repaired flexor tendon injury. Use of controlled motion splints during the early stages of stages of tendon recovery in crease tendon gliding. However, how best to achieve passive motion and the effect of passive motion on tendon gliding have remained controversial subjects. Based on a series of recent experiments, the concept of “dynamic synergistic wrist motion splint” was established and evaluated. It was found that this synergistic wrist motion increases the tendon excursion due to eliminating the laxity and buckling of tendon in the regions between pulleys without introduce excessive amount of tension. The purpose of this study is to design and fabricate a dynamic splint based on this concept and define the nature coordinated motion between the wrist and finger joints due to the passive tension of the muscles in vivo. Parametric analysis will be conducted to achieve an optimum design with the consideration of anatomic constraints. Clinical trial of using such dynamic splint will be evaluated in the future.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PC-BASED MULTIMEDIA BIOSIGNAL INTEGRATION SYSTEM
Authors: LEE JIANN-DER , WAN SHU-YEN , HUNG IN-KAI 
Published: December 2008

This paper presents a novel framework to provide the useful models such as Teleconsultation and Telemonitoring for PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System). It mainly makes use of multimedia together with network-transferring technologies, etc. to integrate the various departments in the hospital, with the expectation of helping the specialists make consultation and share the resources through the network as well as reducing the management cost; so as to enhance efficiency, improve medical quality and provide the patients with better service. The whole system in this approach is based on the most popular platform of Windows and builds the medical database by PACS database programming. It combines OLE DB interface and ADO technology, etc. to provide the users with operations such as data search and access; and makes use of the network construction; data transfer and message transfer of DirectPlay object throughout the whole system to operate. Besides providing general text communication, the system also provides the video-conferencing to enhance the interaction among people. Finally, in order to benefit the network transfer, the system also provides lossless data compression service to increase data-transferring speed. This paper also proposes the Group Data Provider Selection (GDPS) mechanism, by which the system not only can reduce the system-management workload of the database, but also can find out the best network-transferring path automatically to transfer the data to the destination. Moreover, in the experiment of the Telemonitoring module, under the condition that there are three signal channels for each biosignal extractor and the sampling frequency of each channel is set up at 500Hz, the nursing monitoring station can monitor over 12 biosignal extractors at the same time, which has reached the requirement of a practical PACS used in modern hospital. This also illustrates the effectiveness and the potential of the proposed scheme.
ANALYSIS OF LUMBOSACRAL LORDOSIS USING STANDING LATERAL RADIOGRAPHS THROUGH CURVE RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: LIN RUEY-MO , LEE RONG-SHEAN , HUANG YING-MING , CHEN SHOU-I , YU CHIN-YIN 
Published: December 2008

The consensus of the normal magnitude of lumbosacral curve has not been achieved. The Cobb's angle cannot depict the whole contour of this curve. For practical applications, a clearer image of these curves and their aging changes should be further investigated. This study aimed to provide a more consolidate concept of normal lumbosacral curves for clinician through a computerized reconstruction method. Standing lateral radiographs of lumbosacral spine in 82 normal adults were used for reconstructing the sagittal lumbosacral curves. The geometric characteristics of these curves according to the gender and age groups were studied. Using standing lateral radiographs, reconstruction of the lumbosacral curves was performed through digitization, programming and computation. These curves and related parameters were normalized and averaged for analyzing the differences of gender and age. The most anteriorward and horizontal vertebrae usually occurred on the L4 and L3 in any gender and age groups. The sacral inclination angle did not change obviously with the increasing ages. A tendency of L1 shifting backward was noted in the age groups of 40 to 60 and above 60 years old. The sagittal lumbosacral curves can be easily reconstructed by digitizing lateral radiographs, The aging changes of lumbosacral curves could be qualitatively described as the flattening of lower lumbar curve and the rearward inclination of upper lumbar curve. The changes occurred obviously above 40 years old. Although individual variations existed, the aging changes and the geometric characteristics such as the most anteriorward or horizontal vertebrae could be used as an important guideline during therapy or surgical correction.
DIGITAL CUSTOM DENTURE DESIGN WITH NEW ABRASIVE COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY AND RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: CHANG C. C. , LEE M. Y. , KU Y. C. 
Published: December 2008

The fixed partial denture produced by conventional method is greatly relied on the skill and experience of dental technician. Its quality and accuracy depends mostly on the technician's subjective judgment. In addition, the manual process involves many procedures that require a long time to complete. Most important, it does not preserve any quantitative information for future retrieval. In this article, a new device for scanning denture images and reconstructing 3D digital information of dental model by abrasive computer tomography (ACT) was designed in-house and proposed. The fixed partial denture was then produced by the rapid prototyping (RP) and computer numerical control (CNC) machining methods based on ACT scanned digital information. A force feedback sculptor (FreeForm system, Sensible Technologies Inc., USA) accompany with 3D Touch technology was applied to modify the morphology design of denture. It enables the dentist to perform digital manipulation of denture profile with real-time and user-friendly human interactive operation without relying on CAD/CAM technician or dental technician. In this article, the comparison of conventional manual operation and digital manufacture using both RP and CNC machining technologies for denture production was presented. In addition, a digital custom denture manufacturing protocol integrating proposed computer abrasive teeth profile scanning, computer-aided denture design, 3D touchable force feedback feature modification and advanced denture manufacturing techniques were suggested. These proposed methods provide solid evidence that digital design and manufacturing technologies may become a new avenue for custom-made denture design, analysis, and production in 21th century.
APPLICATION OF ACTOR-CRITIC REINFORCEMENT LEARNING METHOD FOR CONROL OF A SAGITTAL ARM DURING OSCILLATORY MOVEMENT
Authors: GOLKHOU VAHID , LUCAS CARO , PARNIANPOUR MOHAMAD 
Published: December 2008

Numerous disciplines are engaged in studies involving motor control. In this study, we have used a single link system with a pair of muscles that are excited with alpha and gamma signals to achieve an oscillatory movement with variable amplitude and frequency. The system is highly nonlinear in all its physical and physiological attributes. The major physiological characteristics of this system are simultaneous activation of a pair of nonlinear muscle-like-actuators for control purposes, existence of nonlinear spindle-like sensors and Golgi tendon organ-like sensor, actions of gravity and external loading. Transmission delays are included in the afferent and efferent neural paths to account for a more accurate representation of the reflex loops. The profile of excitation is difficult to predict a priori, hence we have used a reinforcement learning approach to track a desired trajectory. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method with an Actor-Critic architecture instead of middle and low level of central nervous system (CNS). The Actor in this structure is a two layer feedforward neural network and the Critic is a model of the cerebellum. The Critic is trained by State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA) method. The Critic will train the Actor by supervisory learning based on previous experiences. The system is implemented on a PC using Matlab® and Simulink® Software. To enhance the computational performance a number of C codes were also written. The effectiveness and the biological plausibility of the present model are demonstrated by several simulations. The system showed excellent tracking capability and after 280 epochs the RMS error for position and velocity profiles were 0.02, 0.04 radian and radian/sec, respectively.
A DISTORTION CORRECTION METHOD FOR ENDOSCOPE IMAGES BASED ON CALIBRATION PATTERNS AND A SIMPLE MATHEMATIC MODEL FOR OPTICAL LENS
Authors: HSU CHIEH-HAO , MIAOU SHAOU-GANG , CHANG FENG-LING 
Published: December 2008

In the past 30 years, the progress in optical engineering, computer science and electronic techniques have made the endoscopy an invaluable tool in both internal clinics and surgical operation. As its applications increase exponentially, it has even become a specialized division in the clinical medicine. In order to obtain a larger field of view inside a small and narrow gastrointestinal tract, an endoscope is usually equipped with a wide-angle lens (Fish eye lens). Thus, an acquired image is often with certain degree of shape distortion. The distortion gets even more serious as the objects extend outward from the center of the lens in radial. This paper discusses the effect of such distortion and the correction of the effect. By using a calibration pattern, the nonlinear distortion is corrected with a simple mathematic model for the endoscope image. Once the endoscopic lens is calibrated, the same mathematic model can be utilized repeatedly for the images captured by that endoscope. After capturing the calibration pattern using an endoscopic instrument, digital image processing techniques are applied to extract the calibration pattern from the distorted image. We propose a second order mathematic model and consider the parameters of optical lens. The coordinates of each dot in the calibration pattern are the input to the mathematic model for the correction of endoscope images. The experimental results show that the correction method is effective. For example, by comparing to the original calibration pattern image, the average errors in area calculation are 76.46% and 4.68% for the distorted and the corrected images, respectively.
THE DEPENDENCE BETWEEN ULTRASONIC EXPOSURE TIME AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN THE PARAMECIUM
Authors: YANG SHIUH-KUANG , HUANG YI-CHENG , ZHAN YI-HAO 
Published: December 2008

The effects of ultrasonic irradiation at different frequencies, i.e. 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 5 MHz, on the activation of the single cell creature biological reaction have been investigated. The ability shown by ultrasound in promoting and/or accelerating many reactions has been shown to be a useful field. The resonance frequency of Paramecium by using the ultrasound irradiation is an important parameter in this study. All other parameters being keep constant, it has been ascertained that an appropriate frequency value of ultrasound can be selected, capable of driving a biological reaction to its suitable yield. The oscillation of the cells in response to the ultrasound radiation is simulated using Rayleigh-Plesset's bubble activation theory. The resonance frequency of the unicellular creature is then calculated. In our experiment, the resonance (0.5 and 1 MHz) and non-resonance (0.25 and 5 MHz) frequencies were employed. The resonance frequency of the Paramecium vacuole is among 0.5013 ∼ 1.2703 MHz. When the 0.5 and 1 MHz frequencies of ultrasound was irradiated in the samples, the relative growth rate was about 30% higher than that of unexposed sample. It is obviously that the inhibition or enhancement growth conditions did not appear during irradiation the non-resonance frequency ultrasound. In addition, experimental evidence suggests that the sustaining growth effect can be expected, when the irradiation time is divided into parts.
Self‐Template‐Directed Formation of Coordination‐Polymer Hexagonal Tubes and Rings, and their Calcination to ZnO Rings
Authors: Jung Soyoung , Cho Won , Lee Hee Jung , Oh Moonhyun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis template will self‐destruct: A unique particle‐growth mechanism involves growth of new coordination polymers on the surface of initially formed hexagonal blocks and concomitant dissolution of the blocks to form hexagonal tubes (see scheme and scanning electron, optical, and fluorescence microscopy images). Calcination of the tubes yields ZnO particles of the same shape.magnified image
A Three‐Enzyme Cascade Reaction through Positional Assembly of Enzymes in a Polymersome Nanoreactor
Authors: van Dongen Stijn F. M. , Nallani Madhavan , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPorous polymersomes based on block copolymers of isocyanopeptides and styrene have been used to anchor enzymes at three different locations, namely, in their lumen (glucose oxidase, GOx), in their bilayer membrane (Candida antarctica lipase B, CalB) and on their surface (horseradish peroxidase, HRP). The surface coupling was achieved by click chemistry between acetylene‐functionalised anchors on the surface of the polymersomes and azido functions of HRP, which were introduced by using a direct diazo transfer reaction to lysine residues of the enzyme. To determine the encapsulation and conjugation efficiency of the enzymes, they were decorated with metal‐ion labels and analysed by mass spectrometry. This revealed an almost quantitative immobilisation efficiency of HRP on the surface of the polymersomes and a more than statistical incorporation efficiency for CalB in the membrane and for GOx in the aqueous compartment. The enzyme‐decorated polymersomes were studied as nanoreactors in which glucose acetate was converted by CalB to glucose, which was oxidised by GOx to gluconolactone in a second step. The hydrogen peroxide produced was used by HRP to oxidise 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) to ABTS.+. Kinetic analysis revealed that the reaction step catalysed by HRP is the fastest in the cascade reaction.
Acute leukemia as a secondary malignancy in children and adolescents: Current findings and issues
Authors: Hijiya Nobuko , Ness Kirsten K. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSecondary acute leukemia is a devastating complication in children and adolescents who have been treated for cancer. Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (s‐ALL) was rarely reported previously but can be distinguished today from recurrent primary ALL by comparison of immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor rearrangement. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (s‐AML) is much more common, and some cases actually may be second primary cancers. Treatment‐related and host‐related characteristics and their interactions have been identified as risk factors for s‐AML. The most widely recognized treatment‐related risk factors are alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors (epipodophyllotoxins and anthracyclines). The magnitude of the risk associated with these factors depends on several variables, including the administration schedule, concomitant medications, and host factors. A high cumulative dose of alkylating agents is well known to predispose to s‐AML. The prevalence of alkylator‐associated s‐AML has diminished among pediatric oncology patients with the reduction of cumulative alkylator dose and limited use of the more leukemogenic alkylators. The best‐documented topoisomerase II inhibitor‐associated s‐AML is s‐AML associated with epipodophyllotoxins. The risk of s‐AML in these cases is influenced by the schedule of drug administration and by interaction with other antineoplastic agents but is not consistently found to be related to cumulative dose. The unpredictable risk of s‐AML after epipodophyllotoxin therapy may discourage the use of these agents, even in patients at a high risk of disease recurrence, although the benefit of recurrence prevention may outweigh the risk of s‐AML. Studies in survivors of adult cancers suggest that, contrary to previous beliefs, the outcome of s‐AML is not necessarily worse than that of de novo AML when adjusted for cytogenetic features. More studies are needed to confirm this finding in the pediatric patient population. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Floodplain stratigraphy of the ice jam dominated middle Yukon River: a new approach to long‐term flood frequency
Authors: Livingston Joanne M. , Smith Derald G. , Froese Duane G. , Hugenholtz Chris H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFloodplain stratigraphy is used as a new method for reconstructing ice jam flood histories of northern rivers. The method, based on reconstruction of the sedimentary record of vertically‐accreting floodplains, relies on stratigraphic logging and interpretation of floodplain sediments, which result from successive ice jam floods, and radiocarbon dating of inter‐flood organic material for chronology. In a case study along a reach of the Yukon River that straddles the Yukon–Alaska border, the method is used to develop a record of ice jam flooding for the last 2000 years. Detailed chronostratigraphic logs from three sites along the Yukon River indicates that the long‐term recurrence interval varies depending on location, but ranges from approximately once in 25 years to once in 38 years (or a probability of ca 3–4% in any given year). This is broadly similar to the 4·5% probability of recurrence calculated from archival and gauged data at Dawson City, Yukon Territory, for the period 1898–2006. Two of the three study locations, with sufficient chronology, suggest a decrease in flood frequency in the last several hundred years relative to the preceding period at each site, broadly corresponding to the Little Ice Age, suggesting climate exerts some control over long‐term ice jam flood frequency. This study demonstrates that the floodplain sedimentary record offers the potential to extend records of ice jam flooding in remote, ungauged northern rivers and provides a broader temporal context for assessing the frequency and variability of ice jam flooding. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.