bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic causes of lymphatic disorders: recent updates on the clinical and molecular aspects of lymphatic disease
Authors: Bowman Catharine , Rockson Stanley G. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
The lymphatic system facilitates several key functions that limit significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the impact and burden of lymphatic disorders, there are many remaining disorders whose genetic substrate remains unknown. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the genetic causes of lymphatic disorders, while reporting on newly proposed clinical classifications of lymphatic disease.

Recent findings
We reviewed several new mutations in genes that have been identified as potential causes of lymphatic disorders including: MDFIC, EPHB4, and ANGPT2. Furthermore, the traditional St. George's Classification system for primary lymphatic anomalies has been updated to reflect the use of genetic testing, both as a tool for the clinical identification of lymphatic disease and as a method through which new sub-classifications of lymphatic disorders have been established within this framework. Finally, we highlighted recent clinical studies that have explored the impact of therapies such as sirolimus, ketoprofen, and acebilustat on lymphatic disorders.

Summary
Despite a growing body of evidence, current literature demonstrates a persistent gap in the number of known genes responsible for lymphatic disease entities. Recent clinical classification tools have been introduced in order to integrate traditional symptom- and time-based diagnostic approaches with modern genetic classifications, as highlighted in the updated St. George's classification system. With the introduction of this novel approach, clinicians may be better equipped to recognize established disease and, potentially, to identify novel causal mutations. Further research is needed to identify additional genetic causes of disease and to optimize current clinical tools for diagnosis and treatment.
Implementation of remote monitoring strategies to improve chronic heart failure management
Authors: Chau Vinh Q. , Imamura Teruhiko , Narang Nikhil 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
The goal of this review is to describe the current evidence available for remote monitoring devices available for patients with chronic heart failure, and also detail practical clinical recommendations for implementing these tools in daily clinical practice.

Recent findings
Several devices ranging from sophisticated multiparametric algorithms in defibrillators, implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensors, and wearable devices to measure thoracic impedance can be utilized as important adjunctive tools to reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure. Pulmonary artery pressure sensors provide the most granular data regarding hemodynamic status, while alerts from wearable devices for thoracic impedance and defibrillator-based algorithms increase the likelihood of worsening clinical status while also having high negative predictive value when values are within normal range.

Summary
Multiple device-based monitoring strategies are available to reduce longitudinal risk in patients with chronic heart failure. Further studies are needed to best understand a practical pathway to integrate multiple signals of data for early clinical decompensation risk prediction
Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/HCO/A95.
Potassium-competitive acid blockers and acid-related disorders
Authors: Huang Kevin Z. , Weber H. Christian 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) represent a new class of compounds for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Recent FDA approval of the PCAB vonoprazan for erosive esophagitis has started an important new approach to acid-related disorders.

Recent findings
Compared to conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), PCABs provide more rapid, potent, and sustained suppression of gastric acid with faster and more durable symptom relief. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PCABs for erosive esophagitis, nonerosive reflux disease, and peptic ulcer disease including H. pylori. However, the PCAB vonoprazan was only approved in the US as part of combination therapy for eradication of H. pylori. Clinical trials have now demonstrated noninferiority of vonoprazan to lansoprazole for treatment of erosive esophagitis, particularly noting superiority of vonoprazan in patients with severe esophagitis resulting in FDA approval of vonoprazan for treatment of erosive esophagitis. Emerging data suggests a possible utility of vonoprazan for PPI-resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and on-demand therapy for nonerosive reflux disease. Vonoprazan is generally well tolerated but long-term safety data is not well established.

Summary
The PCAB vonoprazan is a newly FDA approved treatment option for erosive esophagitis. Its possible role in PPI-resistant GERD and nonerosive reflux disease warrants further investigation.
Biomechanics of fracture healing: how best to optimize your construct in the OR
Authors: Hast Michael , Glatt Vaida , Archdeacon Michael , Ledet Eric , Lewis Gregory , Ahn Jaimo , Haller Justin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Orthopaedic surgeons routinely assess the biomechanical environment of a fracture to create a fixation construct that provides the appropriate amount of stability in efforts to optimize fracture healing. Emerging concepts and technologies including reverse dynamization, “smart plates” that measure construct strain, and FractSim software that models fracture strain represent recent developments in optimizing construct biomechanics to accelerate bone healing and minimize construct failure.
Distal femur fractures: basic science and international perspectives
Authors: Nauth Aaron , Haller Justin , Augat Peter , Anderson Donald D. , McKee Michael D. , Shearer David , Jenkinson Richard , Pape Hans-Christoph 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Distal femur fractures are challenging injuries to manage, and complication rates remain high. This article summarizes the international and basic science perspectives regarding distal femoral fractures that were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meeting. We review a number of critical concepts that can be considered to optimize the treatment of these difficult fractures. These include biomechanical considerations for distal femur fixation constructs, emerging treatments to prevent post-traumatic arthritis, both systemic and local biologic treatments to optimize nonunion management, the relative advantages and disadvantages of plate versus nail versus dual-implant constructs, and finally important factors which determine outcomes. A robust understanding of these principles can significantly improve success rates and minimize complications in the treatment of these challenging injuries.
Geriatric trauma: there is more to it than just the implant!
Authors: Lee Christopher , Kates Stephen L. , Graves Matthew L. , Jeray Kyle J. , Javedan Houman , Firoozabadi Reza , Schemitsch Emil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Geriatric trauma continues to rise, corresponding with the continuing growth of the older population. These fractures continue to expand, demonstrated by the incidence of hip fractures having grown to 1.5 million adults worldwide per year. This patient population and their associated fracture patterns present unique challenges to the surgeon, as well as having a profound economic impact on the health care system. Pharmacologic treatment has focused on prevention, with aging adults having impaired fracture healing in addition to diminished bone mineral density. Intraoperatively, novel ideas to assess fracture reduction to facilitate decreased fracture collapse have recently been explored. Postoperatively, pharmacologic avenues have focused on future fracture prevention, while shared care models between geriatrics and orthopaedics have shown promise regarding decreasing mortality and length of stay. As geriatric trauma continues to grow, it is imperative that we look to optimize all phases of care, from preoperative to postoperative.
Epidemiology of Craniofacial Injuries from Exercise and Weightlifting: A 10-Year Analysis
Authors: Mangal Rohan , Treger Dylan , Daniel Anjali , Prasad Soumil , Gompels Matthew T. , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Exercise is the cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle. It is recognized for enhancing cardiovascular health and bolstering mental well-being. While the fitness industry grows, the incidence of exercise-related injuries continues to rise. This study examines craniofacial injuries resulting from exercise and weightlifting over the past decade. The goal is to uncover trends, demographics, diagnoses, and patient dispositions.

Methods and Materials:
A retrospective review was conducted using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Emergency department visits for craniofacial injuries associated with exercise and weightlifting between 2013 and 2022 were analyzed. One-sample t-tests and the Mann-Kendall test were used to evaluate injury prevalence and significant trends.

Results:
Over the past decade, 582,972 craniofacial injuries related to exercise and weightlifting were documented. Men accounted for 55.7% of cases. Annual incidence increased by 32.7% between 2013 and 2022. It was statistically significant. Adolescents aged 15 to 19 displayed the highest injury rate. Head injuries were most common (45%), followed by face (26%), neck (21%), mouth (4%), eye (3%), and ear (1%). Diagnoses included internal injury (25.2%), laceration (24.8%), contusions/abrasions (12.9%), and strain/sprain (11.9%). Hospitalization was required for only 8.5% of patients.

Discussion:
This study elucidates the need for injury prevention strategies. Vulnerable subgroups such as males, adolescents, and the elderly demand targeted prevention efforts. Future research should explore specific mechanisms of injury to identify high-risk exercise. This study promotes the need for safe exercise practices and increases awareness of craniofacial injury risks associated with physical activity.
Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial - Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) Study: Community facilitator-led participatory learning and action (PLA) women’s groups to improve infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices in South Asian infants aged < 2 years in East London
Authors: Manikam Logan , Patil Priyanka , El Khatib Tala , Chakraborty Subarna , Hiley Delaney Douglas- , Fujita Sumire , Dwardzweska Joanna , Oyebode Oyinlola , Llewellyn Clare H. , Webb-Martin Kelley , Irish Carol , Archibong Mfon , Gilmour Jenny , Kalungi Phoebe , Batura Neha , Shringarpure Kalpita , Lakhanpaul Monica , Heys Michelle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe first 1000-days of life are a critical window and can result in adverse-health consequences due to inadequate nutrition. South-Asian (SA) communities face significant health-disparities, particularly in maternal and child-health. Community-based-interventions, often employing Participatory-Learning-and-Action (PLA) approaches, have effectively addressed health-inequalities in lower-income-nations. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a PLA-intervention to improve infant-feeding and care-practices in SA communities in London.MethodsComprehensive-analyses were conducted to assess the feasibility/fidelity of this pilot-randomised-controlled-trial. Summary-statistics were computed to compare key-metrics (participant consent-rates, attendance, retention, intervention-support, perceived-effectiveness) against predefined-progression-rules guiding towards a definitive-trial. Secondary-outcomes were analysed, drawing insights from sources, such as The-Children’s-Eating-Behaviour-Questionnaire (CEBQ), Parental-Feeding-Style-Questionnaires (PFSQ), 4-Day-Food-diary, and the Equality-Impact-Assessment (EIA) tool. Video-analysis of children’s mealtime behaviour trends was conducted. Feedback-interviews were collected from participants.ResultsProcess-outcome measures met predefined-progression-rules for a definitive-trial which deemed the intervention as feasible. The secondary-outcomes analysis revealed no significant changes in children’s BMI z-scores. This could be attributed to the abbreviated follow-up period of 6-months, reduced from 12-months, due to COVID-19-related delays. CEBQ analysis showed increased food-responsiveness, along with decreased emotional-over/undereating. A similar trend was observed in PFSQ. The EIA-tool found no potential discrimination areas, and video-analysis revealed a decrease in force-feeding-practices. Participant-feedbacks revealed improved awareness and knowledge-sharing.ConclusionThe study validates the feasibility of a community-oriented, co-adapted Participatory-Learning-and-Action approach for optimising infant-care among South-Asians in high-income countries. It underscores the potential of such interventions in promoting health-equity and improving health-outcomes. Further research is required to evaluate their wider impact.
Sex disparities in in-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction and a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): A nationwide inpatient sample-matched analysis (2016–2019)
Authors: Yan Rui , Ma Xueping , Shi Bo , Ye Congyan , Fu Shizhe , Wang Kairu , Qi Haohong , Cui Mingzhi , Yan Ru , Jia Shaobin , Cong Guangzhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe role of sex disparities in in-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify sex disparities in in-hospital outcomes after PCI in patients with AMI and a history of CABG.MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified patients hospitalized for AMI with a history of CABG who underwent PCI between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was in--hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs. 1:1 propensity score matching was used to minimize standardized mean differences of baseline variables and compare in--hospital outcomes.ResultsIn total, 75,185 weighted hospitalizations of patients who underwent PCI were identified, with 25.2% being female patients. Compared with male patients, female patients exhibited elevated risks of in-hospital mortality (3.72% vs. 2.85%, p = 0.0095), longer length of stay (4.64 days vs. 3.96 days, p < 0.001), and higher hospitalization costs ($112,594.43 vs. $107,020.54, p = 0.0019). After propensity score matching, female patients had higher in-hospital mortality rates than male patients (3.81% vs. 2.89%, p = 0.028). Multivariable logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.92) and propensity score matching (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03–1.73) showed a consistently higher risk of in-hospital mortality among female patients than among male patients. Female patients aged >60 years were more vulnerable to in-hospital mortality than were their male counterparts (3.06% vs. 4.15%, p = 0.0003, aOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.18–2.04).ConclusionsFemale patients who underwent PCI for AMI with a history of CABG had a higher in-hospital mortality rate, which was particularly evident among older patients aged >60 years. Therefore, sex- and age-specific investigations and interventions are required to reduce disparities within this high-risk population.
RevGraphVAMP: A protein molecular simulation analysis model combining graph convolutional neural networks and physical constraints
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhang Huiling , Lin Zhenli , Wei Yanjie , Xi Wenhui 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTMolecular simulation (MD) is an important research area in the field of life sciences, focusing on understanding the mechanisms of biomolecular interactions at atomic scales. Protein simulation, as a critical subfield of life science, has frequently adopted MD for implementation, where the trajectory data play an important role in drug discovery. With the advancement of high-performance computing and deep learning technology, machine-prediction of protein properties from enormous trajectory data becomes popular and critical, which puts challenges on how to extract useful data features from the complicated simulation data and reasonably reduce the dimensionality. At the same time, in order to better study the Protein system, it is necessary to provide a meaningful explanation of biological mechanism for dimensionality reduction. In order to address this issue, a new unsupervised model RevGraphVAMP is proposed to intelligently analyze the simulation trajectory. RevGraphVAMP is based on the Markov variation method (VAMP) and innovatively integrates graph convolutional neural networks and physical constraint optimization to improve the learning performance of the model. Besides, the attention mechanism is introduced to calculate the importance of protein molecules, leading to interpretation of molecular mechanism. Compared with other VAMPNets models, the new model presented in this paper has achieved the highest VAMP scores and better state transition prediction accuracy in two public datasets. Additionally, it has higher dimensionality reduction discrimination ability for different substates and provides interpretable results for protein structural characterization.
Emotion arousal but not valence is strongly represented in aperiodic EEG activity stemming from thalamocortical interactions
Authors: Borah Ritu M , Pathak Anagh , Banerjee Arpan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOscillatory EEG signals contain both periodic and aperiodic (1/f components), segregating which is important for gaining insights into the underlying neural computations. Several studies have explored the periodic features underlying neural basis of emotion processing, while 1/f component is less explored. Hence, the present study sought to determine whether seeing emotionally laden music video clips have an impact on aperiodic components along with the periodic components and their underlying basis by conceptualizing a biophysically realistic computational model. Using the publicly available Data for Emotional Analysis using Physiological Signals (DEAP) dataset we elucidate that there is a significant increase in exponent and offset of aperiodic background during high arousal compared to low arousal trials. In contrast, there were no discernible variations between the aperiodic components during the high and low valence categories. In high arousal, we also discovered reduction in alpha power in line with previous studies. Finally, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we employed a biophysically realistic and previously established thalamo-cortical model of neural field activity, which which allowed us to characterize that heightened emotional arousal appears emerge from an increased cooperation in information communication between neuronal populations in reticular and relay nuclei of thalamus.Significance statementDissociation of emotion and valence and arousal is an established theory in affective neuroscience. Are these dimensions represented in aperiodic background of macrocscopic electrophysiological scales of EEG? We sought to ask this question in the publicly available DEAP data. Our findings of increased aperiodic components during high arousal in contrast to low arousal suggest heightened neural activity alongside an inhibitory influence. Using a neural field model of thalamo-cortical interactions reveals a mechanistic approach that suggests heightened arousal corresponds to an enhanced inhibitory coupling between thalamic reticular and relay neuronal populations. In essence, this study advances our understanding of the intricate relationship between electrophysiological signals and emotion dimensions, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying arousal-related emotional responses.
Differentiation marker-negative CD4+T cells persist after yellow fever virus vaccination and contribute to durable memory
Authors: Pan Yi-Gen , Bartolo Laurent , Xu Ruozhang , Patel Bijal , Zarnitsyna Veronika , Su Laura 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFactors that contribute to durable immunological memory remain incompletely understood. In our longitudinal analyses of CD4+T cell responses to the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine by peptide-MHC tetramers, we unexpectedly found naïve phenotype virus-specific CD4+T cells that persisted months to years after immunization. These Marker negative T cells (TMN) lacked CD95, CXCR3, CD11a, and CD49d surface protein expression, distinguishing them from previously discovered stem-cell memory T cells. Functionally, they resembled genuine naïve T cells uponin vitrostimulation. Single-cell TCR sequencing detected expanded clonotypes within the TMNsubset and identified a shared repertoire with memory and effector T cells. T cells expressing TMN-associated TCRs were rare before vaccination, suggesting their expansion following vaccination. Longitudinal tracking of YFV-specific responses over the subsequent years revealed superior stability of the TMNsubset and their association with the longevity of the overall population. The identification of these long-lived, antigen-experienced T cells may inform the design of durable T cell-based vaccines and engineered T cell therapies.