bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bolstering organizational identity, commitment, and citizenship behaviors through the process of inoculation
Authors: Haigh Michel M. , Pfau Michael 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether organizational identity, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) can be bolstered through the use of inoculation treatments.Design/methodology/approachA four‐phase experiment with 317 subjects was conducted in a laboratory setting to determine if inoculation messages could bolster organizational attitudes manifested in organizational identity and commitment, as well as citizenship behaviors.FindingsResults show that organizational identity, organizational commitment, and certain OCBs can be strengthened through internal communication.Research limitations/implicationsSmall effect sizes are a limitation, but they are very common in persuasion research.Originality/valueThis article adds to the literature on organizational identity, commitment, and OCBs. It demonstrates that inoculation can be used to bolster these employee attitudes, which had not been examined before.
Getting wired for innovation
Authors: McGrath Cathleen A. , Pate Larry E. , Gray Edmund R. , Vance Charles M. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the nature and influence of entrepreneurs' advice networks on the innovative performance of their companies from both economic and social perspectives. Specifically, it aims to address three research questions: Does information typically flow both ways in advice dyads? How important is trust in these relationships? What is the ideal structure of an advice network?Design/methodology/approachAs part of a larger study, executives at 20 entrepreneurial software companies in the Greater Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, region of the USA were interviewed in person to determine the nature and structure of their advice networks.FindingsThe executives reported sharing business and technical advice with their contacts, both within and outside of their own organizations. Entrepreneurs who maintained diverse, uncommonly connected advice networks led organizations that were perceived as more innovative than those with more densely connected networks.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should examine these research questions in economic and cultural settings outside the USA, and examine the influence of advice‐network size and different network environments on advice‐network value and productivity.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs should be careful to not take trust in these networks lightly.Originality/valueEntrepreneurs may be able to leverage their advice networks for maximum innovation by adding new advice contacts not connected to their current advice contacts. Entrepreneurs should be careful to not take trust in these networks lightly.
Developmental costs of rapid growth in a damselfly
Authors: DE BLOCK MARJAN , CAMPERO MELINA , STOKS ROBBY 
Published: February 2008

Abstract1. Developmental costs of rapid growth in terms of increased fluctuating asymmetry are expected to contribute to the widespread occurrence of growth rates below the physiological maximum, but have rarely been demonstrated. Here, these costs are studied for the first time in an invertebrate, the damselflyLestes viridis, using a rearing experiment where early‐ and late‐hatched larvae of both sexes were reared at decreasing or permanent water levels.2. Late‐hatched animals were more asymmetrical than early‐hatched animals except for males in the drying treatment. Also, females were more asymmetrical than males except in early‐hatched animals in the drying treatment.3. The data presented suggest that in females but not in males treatment groups with higher growth rates have more asymmetrical wings. However, at the individual level no relationship between growth rate and asymmetry was present.4. Possible reasons why the suggested trade‐off between growth and developmental instability was not present at the individual level, and at the group level only in females, are discussed.
Assessing the role of bark‐ and wood‐boring insects in the decline of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Swiss Rhone valley
Authors: WERMELINGER B. , RIGLING A. , SCHNEIDER MATHIS D. , DOBBERTIN M. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract 1. In several dry inner Alpine valleys higher mortality levels of pine have been observed in recent years. This paper evaluates the role of xylophagous insects in the current pine decline and the influence of climate change on the infestation dynamics.2. More than 200 trees of different levels of crown transparency (needle loss) were felled between 2001 and 2005 and sections of them incubated in insect emergence traps. Colonisation densities were related to the transparency level of each host tree at the time of attack.3. Trees with more than 80% needle loss were colonised most frequently, but the breeding density was highest in trees with 65–80% needle loss.4. The scolytine Ips acuminatus and the buprestid Phaenops cyanea colonised trees with 30–90% needle loss in high densities. The bark beetle Tomicus minor was less aggressive, preferring trees with 60–85% needle loss. The hymenopteran Sirex noctilio and the cerambycid Acanthocinus aedilis were restricted to greatly weakened trees with 50–85% needle loss. Most species colonised trees that had experienced a decline in vigour, that is an increase in crown transparency shortly before attack.5. The infestation dynamics of P. cyanea covaried with the drought index as well as with temperature.6. Increased temperatures not only trigger a drought stress rendering the host trees susceptible to insect attack, but also accelerate insect development. As more frequent drought periods are likely as a result of climate change, even trees only slightly or temporarily weakened will be more subject to attack by aggressive species such as I. acuminatus and P. cyanea.
Advantages of multiple foundress colonies inBelonogaster juncea junceaL.: greater survival and increased productivity
Authors: TINDO MAURICE , KENNE MARTIN , DEJEAN ALAIN 
Published: February 2008

Abstract1. Theecological hypothesispredicts that multiple foundress colonies of social wasps may have a better survival rate and produce more broodper capitathan single foundress colonies. With the aim of verifying if these characteristics exist in the primitively eusocial wasp speciesBelonogaster juncea juncea(L.), we monitored 49 foundations, including 13 single and 36 multiple foundress colonies, in Cameroon.2. Multiple foundress colonies were significantly more successful than single foundress colonies in producing at least one adult.3. The total productivity of the colonies increased significantly with the number of associated foundresses, but the productivityper capitadid not. No single foundress colony reached the sexual phase, while eight (21.6%) multiple foundress colonies did. Males were produced in only five colonies, so that the sex ratio was biased in favour of females.4. These results suggest that because of the strong ecological constraints on solitary nesting, survival and high colony productivity are two advantages of multiple foundress colonies inB. j. juncea.5. The decreasingper capitaproductivity concomitant with an increasing number of females noted in this study illustrates once again Michener’s paradox. The coefficient of variance of theper capitaproductivity significantly decreased with group size, as Wenzel and Pickering suggested in the model they created to explain the paradox.6. Ecological factors may act in conjunction with other factors, such as genetic relatedness between associated foundresses, to promote joining behaviour inB. j. juncea.
Frequencies of circulating CD4+CD25+CD127low cells in atopics are altered by bronchial allergen challenge
Authors: Moniuszko M. , Kowal K. , Zukowski S. , Dabrowska M. , Bodzenta‐Lukaszyk A. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTBackground  Recent studies in rodents revealed that regulatory T cells (T reg cells) with CD4+CD25+ phenotype can exert suppressive effects on experimentally‐induced allergic airway inflammation and airway hyper‐reactivity. It is unclear however, whether modulations of bronchoconstriction responses in human subjects might be related to T reg cells. We report here for the first time the changes in frequency of circulating lymphocytes with putative T reg cell phenotype (CD4+CD25+CD127low) in relation to bronchoconstriction phenotype following an intrabronchial allergen challenge.Material and methods  Thirty‐one house dust mite sensitive patients were challenged with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract (Dp). Eleven isolated early responders (IER) were compared with nine dual (early and late) responders (DR) and to 11 non‐responders (NR). Frequencies of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low lymphocytes were assessed in all groups of patients by using three‐parameter flow cytometry before, and six and 24 h, after allergen inhalation.Results  At baseline, frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127low lymphocytes were not statistically different among NR, IER and DR. When all individuals were analyzed together, a statistically significant decrease in frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127low lymphocytes was observed 6 h after the bronchial challenge. Interestingly, such a pattern was found consistently only in NR, while IER and DR displayed varying responses resulting in a trend similar to that of NR. Twenty‐four hours after the bronchial challenge, frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127low lymphocytes in all groups tended to return to baseline values.Conclusions  Our data indicate that bronchial allergen inhalation in sensitive patients (predominantly in those who did not develop significant bronchoconstriction) is associated with a decrease of proportion of peripheral lymphocytes with regulatory T cell phenotype.
The effects of maximal treadmill graded exercise testing on haemorheological, haemodynamic and flow cytometry platelet markers in patients with systolic or diastolic heart failure
Authors: Chung I. , Goyal D. , MacFadyen R. J. , Lip G. Y. H. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTBackground Acute exercise has been associated with activation of thrombosis, and this risk may be accentuated in patients with heart failure. Given the relation of platelets to atherothrombosis, we tested the hypothesis that acute exercise would adversely affect platelet indices and platelet activation markers in patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure.Materials and methods We studied 20 patients with systolic heart failure (17 men, 3 women; mean age 64 ± 10 years, all with ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40%) and 20 patients with diastolic heart failure (14 men, 6 women; mean age 64 ± 8 years, mean EF = 66%) who were exercised to maximal intensity, who were compared to 13 healthy controls (6 men, 7 women; mean age 60 ± 4 years, mean EF = 73%). We measured platelet indices (platelet volume, mass and component) and platelet activation markers (platelet‐bound CD62P%G, CD63%G and CD40L%G using flow cytometry, as well as plasma sCD40L and soluble P‐selectin (sP‐sel) levels).Results Baseline Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), sP‐sel, CD40L%G and CD63%G levels were significantly higher in patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure, when compared with controls. The mean exercise duration and VO2peak in patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure were not significantly different, but lower than that seen in healthy controls. Following exercise, mean haematocrit, CD62P%G, and CD63%G significantly increased in all three subject groups (allP < 0·05). The proportional change in CD62P%G and CD63%G were not significantly different between healthy controls and heart failure patients (P > 0·05).Conclusion Acute maximal graded exercise increases platelet activation markers, with no disproportionate differences between heart failure patients and healthy controls, despite the former group having a lower exercise tolerance and VO2peak.
Misleading terms in Anderson‐Fabry disease
Authors: Weidemann F. , Strotmann J. M. , Breunig F. , Niemann M. , Maag R. , Baron R. , Eggert A. O. , Wanner C. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTBackground  Signs and symptoms of classic Fabry disease manifest itself on the skin (angiokeratoma), the nervous system (acroparaesthesia), the heart (restrictive cardiomyopathy) and a variety of other organs.Materials and methods  Diagnosis of Fabry disease was confirmed by genetic tests in a cohort of 100 patients and a standardized examination programme was performed in all patients. We were puzzled when applying well‐established and textbook‐anchored signs and symptoms to our patients.Results  Among the 47 male and 53 female patients (mean age 41 ± 16 years) with genetically proven disease, the Fabry‐type vascular skin lesions were without hyperkeratotic aspect and keratomas were virtually absent. The peripheral neuropathic pain found in all male patients was not compatible with the wording ‘acro’ and ‘paraesthesia’, suggesting a different pathophysiological mechanism. Upon echocardiographic examination, patients mainly revealed diastolic relaxation abnormalities of the heart and only one patient had a restrictive cardiac pattern.Conclusions  Our findings suggest that some terms used to describe signs and symptoms of Fabry disease are historically derived and do not comply with state‐of‐the‐art examination. We propose to replace the term ‘angiokeratoma’ with ‘angioma’, the term ‘acroparaesthesia’ with ‘neuropathic pain’ and the term ‘restrictive cardiomyopathy’ with ‘cardiac hypertrophic storage disease’. As most of the physicians are not familiar with Fabry disease, terms used in the past might prevent the correct diagnosis of a potentially treatable disease.
Menopause experiences of women in rural areas
Authors: Price Sheri L. , Storey Sandra , Lake Margaret 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Menopause experiences of women in rural areas Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the menopause experiences of women living in rural areas.Background.  The menopausal phase can be physically and emotionally unsettling in a woman’s life. Evidence has shown that a woman’s ability to cope with the stresses of menopause can be enhanced through education and social support, yet there is a paucity of research in relation to the experiences of menopausal women in rural areas, where access to supportive services is often limited.Method.  Naturalistic inquiry was used to explore the experiences of 25 menopausal women who were living in rural areas in Nova Scotia, Canada. Participants were interviewed in focus group and individual sessions, conducted during 2006. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings.  Women living in rural communities described a need to understand fully the intensity of menopause‐related symptoms, including changes to their physical and mental wellbeing. Participants described struggling to sift through excessive and conflicting information from a variety of venues and identified a need to receive reliable information from sources they trusted. They described the menopause experience as having a significant impact on their personal relationships and identified social support and humour as their primary coping strategies.Conclusion.  Menopause is a significant life event affecting millions of women globally. Nurses are uniquely situated to provide comprehensive women’s health care and must employ innovative strategies to provide support to women living in rural communities to enhance both health and wellbeing as they transition through menopause and as they age.
An ethnography of pain assessment and the role of social context on two postoperative units
Authors: Lauzon Clabo Laurie M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  An ethnography of pain assessment and the role of social context on two postoperative units Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to examine nursing assessment of pain across two postoperative units.Background.  Postoperative pain management remains problematic. While the nursing unit, as the context, has been described as influencing pain assessment practice, the nature of this influence remains unexplored.Method.  The study was conducted in the United States of America on two postoperative units of one teaching hospital in 2003–2004. Bourdieu’s approach to ethnography was used. This applies traditional ethnographic techniques in sequential phases designed to illuminate: (1) relative positions of agents in a field of practice, (2) social capital in the field, and (3) the habitus of agents. Multiple data collection techniques appropriate to each phase were employed, including participant observation and individual interviews.Findings.  A predominant pattern of pain assessment existed on each unit. Nurses used assessment criteria from three spheres, i.e. the client’s narrative, evident criteria and a reference typology of assessment findings. Nurses used a single sphere as a primary filter through which data were processed. This filter was distinctive for each unit, and consistent with the unique pattern of nursing pain assessment on each unit.Conclusion.  Nurses’ pain assessment practice is profoundly shaped by the social context of the unit on which practice occurs. Bourdieu’s’ theory of practice is a useful lens through which to examine the social context of pain assessment practice.
Women patients’ conceptions of integrity within health care: a phenomenographic study
Authors: Widäng Ingrid , Fridlund Bengt , Mårtensson Jan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Women patients’ conceptions of integrity within health care: a phenomenographic study Aim.  The aim of this study was to describe how women patients conceive integrity within health care.Background.  Integrity is part of being a human and means the self as an integrated whole and includes privacy, autonomy and the values espoused by the individual. Integrity refers also to a person’s identity, ‘the self’. When a person becomes ill and needs help, there are many situations that can threaten their integrity.Method.  A phenomenographic approach was chosen to focus on conceptions. The participants were 15 strategically chosen women patients who were interviewed after discharge from a hospital in Sweden. The data were collected in 2003–2004.Findings.  Three description categories were identified: ‘maintaining the self’, which represented the patient’s relationship to herself; ‘dignity’, which characterized the professional caregivers’ relationship to the patient; and ‘confidence’, which was associated with the relationship between patient and professional caregivers. Integrity implied having courage to set boundaries and have control of the private sphere, but also if necessary changing the boundaries of integrity.Conclusion.  It is essential that professional caregivers are knowledgeable about all aspects of integrity and the importance of interactions with patients being characterized by dignity and confidentiality. Professional caregivers should take part in reflective discussions to identify situations in health care with an inherent risk of threatening or violating patients’ integrity, and how best to preserve it. Integrity is an abstract and complex concept that is not well‐defined, and further research is needed to clarify its connection with other concepts.
Living with chronic heart failure: a review of qualitative studies of older people
Authors: Yu Doris S.F. , Lee Diana T.F. , Kwong Alice N.T. , Thompson David R. , Woo Jean 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Living with chronic heart failure: a review of qualitative studies of older people Aim.  This paper is a report of a systematic review of qualitative studies of how older people live with chronic heart failure.Background.  Chronic heart failure is a global epidemic mainly affecting an ageing population. Understanding how older people live with this disease is important to help promote their adjustment to the distressing illness experience.Data sources.  Eligible studies published in 1997–2007 were identified from several databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Sociological Abstracts). A manual search was conducted of bibliographies of the identified studies and relevant journals.Review methods.  Two researchers independently reviewed the studies and extracted the data. Key concepts from the papers were compared for similarities and differences. The transactional model of stress was used to guide data synthesis.Findings.  Fourteen qualitative studies were identified. Most described the illness experiences of older people with chronic heart failure and associated coping strategies. There was some emerging work exploring the adjustment process. The findings indicated that living with chronic heart failure was characterized by distressing symptoms, compromised physical functioning, feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness, and social and role dysfunction. There were gender differences in the way the disease was conceived. Adjustment required patients to make sense of the illness experience, accept the prognosis, and get on with living with the condition.Conclusion.  Empowering older people to manage chronic heart failure, instilling hope and bolstering support system are means of promoting successful adjustment to the disease. Further research needs to explore the cultural differences in the adjustment process.
Impact of abundance weighting on the response of seed traits to climate and land use
Authors: Pakeman Robin J. , Garnier Eric , Lavorel Sandra , Ansquer Pauline , Castro Helena , Cruz Pablo , Doležal Jiri , Eriksson Ove , Freitas Helena , Golodets Carly , Kigel Jaime , Kleyer Michael , Lepš Jan , Meier Tonia , Papadimitriou Maria , Papanastasis Vasilios P. , Quested Helen , Quétier Fabien , Rusch Graciela , Sternberg Marcelo , Theau Jean‐Pierre , Thébault Aurélie , Vile Denis 
Published: February 2008

Summary

Many studies have identified relationships between plant reproductive behaviour and environmental conditions. However, they have all been based on cross‐species analysis and take no account of the relative abundance of species with vegetation.
Using two reproductive traits – seed mass and dispersal vector – as examples, a range of previously identified relationships were tested using both unweighted and weighted‐by‐abundance data collected from land‐use transitions at 12 sites across Europe.
Seed mass was correlated positively with most measures of temperature (stronger relationships for unweighted data) and declined against measures of disturbance (stronger relationships with weighted data). It was not related consistently to measures of water availability.
There was some evidence that endozoochory was associated with damper environments, hoarding with drier ones and exozoochory with more fertile habitats.
Weighting reduced the slope of relationships between seed mass and environmental variables, possibly indicating that dominance within vegetation is determined by land use after the operation of a climatic filter. Fewer significant relationships were detected for weighted dispersal mechanisms compared to unweighted ones, indicating less difference of the dominants from other species with regard to this trait.
Synthesis. This analysis shows that weighting by abundance in the vegetation (compared to unweighted analysis) has a significant impact on the relationships between key species traits and a range of environmental parameters related to climate and land use, and that this impact was not consistent in its effects.