bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Air Mission Planning Algorithm Using Decision Analysis and Mixed Integer Programming
Authors: Griggs Brian J. , Parnell Gregory S. , Lehmkuhl Lee J. 
Published: November 2008

This paper describes the development of an air mission planning algorithm for the Joint Stochastic Warfare Analysis Research (JSTOCHWAR). The overall problem scope was to develop an algorithm to handle major factors bearing on the combat mission planning problem while providing hook-ups for the JSTOCHWAR architecture. Other aspects of the problem included finding the appropriate level of detail, developing a fast solving technique, and attempting to use existing data. The problem was handled by using some ideas from existing aircraft allocation algorithms and by adding some new techniques. The proposed air mission planning algorithm supplies the optimum degree of force for campaign objectives by using a mixed integer program (MIP) to allocate the optimum number and type of aircraft and munitions against each target. The MIP takes advantage of the force multiplying effects of mass and mutual support through its use of strike packages with air defense suppression and air-to-air escort aircraft. Additionally, a decision tree algorithm determines the best plan in light of the uncertainties of weather and weather forecasts. This air mission planning algorithm omits many of the details in the actual aircraft tasking process, but in its continuous variable version, provides fast, nearly optimal solutions that should approximate real-world tasking results.
The Changeover Scheduling Problem with Time and Cost Considerations: Analytical Results and a Forward Algorithm
Authors: Blocher James D. , Chand Suresh , Sengupta Kaushik 
Published: November 2008

In a multiproduct, discrete-item manufacturing environment, it is often more economical to have one “flexible” machine to produce several products rather than to have a dedicated machine for the production of each product. We consider the problem of scheduling multiple products on a single-finite-capacity resource when faced with product-dependent, but sequence-independent, changeover costs and times. The problem horizon is assumed finite and the demand time-varying and known over this horizon. The objective is to find a feasible schedule that meets all demand on time and minimizes the total changeover cost. With the “delivery-on-time-or-else” mentality and the trend toward shorter order-to-delivery lead times, scheduling and managing changeovers has become just that much more important. We first present analytical results to reduce the feasible solution space and then develop a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve this NP-complete problem. Computational results are presented that show that the algorithm can solve realistic size problems in a reasonable amount of time.
Core Problems in Knapsack Algorithms
Authors: Pisinger David 
Published: November 2008

Since Balas and Zemel in the 1980s introduced the so-called core problem as an efficient tool for solving the Knapsack Problem, all the most successful algorithms have applied this concept. Balas and Zemel proved that if the weights in the core are uniformly distributed then there is a high probability for finding an optimal solution in the core. Items outside the core may be fathomed because of reduction rules. This paper demonstrates that generally it is not reasonable to assume a uniform distribution of the weights in the core, and it is experimentally shown that the heuristic proposed by Balas and Zemel does not find as good solutions as expected. Also, other algorithms that solve some kind of core problem may be stuck by difficult cores. This behavior has apparently not been noticed before because of unsufficient testing. Capacities leading to difficult problems are identified for several categories of instance types, and it is demonstrated that the hitherto applied test instances are easier than the average. As a consequence we propose a series of new randomly generated test instances and show how recent algorithms behave when applied to these problems.
A Decade of Military Operations Research in Perspective—A Symposium
Authors: Boldyreff A. W. 
Published: November 2008

This all-day Symposium was held at the Fourteenth National Meeting of the Operations Research Society of America, in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 23, 1958. In a new and rapidly developing discipline, it is advisable to assess progress periodically, to examine the record both on the credit and on the debit side, and to look for future trends. It was for this reason that this Symposium was organized. Six papers were presented by the representatives of the six principal operations-research agencies of the national-defense establishments of the United States and Canada. These were followed by concluding remarks by Omond M. Solandt. Unfortunately Hugh J. Miser's paper, on the work of the Operations Analysis Office of the US Air Force, was not made available for publication herewith.
Catalytic behavior of unsupported Co materials in the reformation of ethanol to hydrogen: An in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT)-mass spectrometry study
Authors: Martí Salvador , Homs Narcís , Pereira Evandro Brum , Ramírez de la Piscina Pilar 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
New unsupported Co catalysts were studied in the ethanol steam-reforming reaction by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and on-line mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. The initial ethoxy surface species evolved to surface-acyl species and to acetaldehyde intermediate at temperatures ca. 473 K. The subsequent formation of surface-acetate species occurs at ca. 573 K. Further, the acetate species mainly evolve above 573 K to H2 and CO2 products. The route to ketone formation was inhibited on these materials. The presence of surface-hydroxyl groups, which are probably related to the formation of a CoO phase under the reforming conditions, was determined. Alkaline addition shows a beneficial effect on the ethanol steam-reforming over bulk Co catalysts.
Nanocrystalline silicon and carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by pulsed laser fragmentation
Authors: Švrček Vladimir 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This paper outlines the synthesis of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) by nanosecond pulsed laser fragmentation of Si micrograins in liquid solutions, and characterization of the products. We compare micrograin fragmentations in deionized water, and in undoped and phosphorus-doped ethylpolysilicate (C2H5O[SiO(C2H5O)2]
n
C2H5) based polymers. We show that dissolution and subsequent laser fragmentation of micrograins is more efficient in both polymeric media than in water. In the case of water, micrograin surface wetting by ethanol prior to introduction into water is essential to achieve fragmentation. Prepared nc-Si/polymer nanocomposites display visible photoluminescence (PL) (~430 nm) at room temperature. The phosphorus polymer induces a blue shift of the PL peak. In addition, induced shock waves generated at sufficiently high laser irradiation intensities (>4.3 mJ/pulse) cause carbon nanotube (CNT) cavities to be filled by freshly prepared luminescent nc-Si/polymer nanocomposite.
Revision of the Species ofNeralsia(Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Figitinae) from North America
Authors: Jiménez Mauricio , Paretas-martínez Jordi , Pujade-Villar Juli 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn North America, only two species of Neralsia Cameron can currently be considered valid: N. hyalinipennis Ashmead and N. incompleta Jiménez & Pujade-Villar. Claims that Neralsia nigriventris (Kieffer) and N. armata (Say) also should be considered as such are dubious. Here, four new species found in the United States and Canada are described: Neralsia ashmeadi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Neralsia kiefferi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Neralsia weldi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., and Neralsia readae Jiménez & Pujade-Villar sp. nov. Their main morphological characters are described and a key is provided so as to distinguish between these North American species.
Self‐assembled Electroactive Phosphonic Acids on ITO: Maximizing Hole‐Injection in Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Bardecker Julie A. , Ma Hong , Kim Taedong , Huang Fei , Liu Michelle S. , Cheng Yen‐Ju , Ting Guy , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn order to fulfill the promise of organic electronic devices, performance‐limiting factors, such as the energetic discontinuity of the material interfaces, must be overcome. Here, improved performance of polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) is demonstrated using self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of triarylamine‐based hole‐transporting molecules with phosphonic acid‐binding groups to modify the surface of the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The modified ITO surfaces are used in multilayer PLEDs, in which a green‐emitting polymer, poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PFBT5), is sandwiched between a thermally crosslinked hole‐transporting layer (HTL) and an electron‐transporting layer (ETL). All tetraphenyl‐diamine (TPD)‐based SAMs show significantly improved hole‐injection between ITO and the HTL compared to oxygen plasma‐treated ITO and simple aromatic SAMs on ITO. The device performance is consistent with the hole‐transporting properties of triarylamine groups (measured by electrochemical measurements) and improved surface energy matching with the HTL. The turn‐on voltage of the devices using SAM‐modified anodes can be lowered by up to 3 V compared to bare ITO, yielding up to 18‐fold increases in current density and up to 17‐fold increases in brightness at 10 V. Variations in hole‐injection and turn‐on voltage between the different TPD‐based molecules are attributed to the position of alkyl‐spacers within the molecules.
Evaporation‐Induced Coating and Self‐Assembly of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon‐Silica Composite Monoliths with Macroporous Architecture on Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Xue Chunfeng , Tu Bo , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA facile approach of solvent‐evaporation‐induced coating and self‐assembly is demonstrated for the mass preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon‐silica composite monoliths by using a polyether polyol‐based polyurethane (PU) foam as a sacrificial scaffold. The preparation is carried out using resol as a carbon precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica source and Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer as a template. The PU foam with its macrostructure provides a large, 3D, interconnecting interface for evaporation‐induced coating of the phenolic resin‐silica block‐copolymer composites and self‐assembly of the mesostructure, and endows the composite monoliths with a diversity of macroporous architectures. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the obtained composite monoliths have an ordered mesostructure with 2D hexagonal symmetry (p6m) and good thermal stability. By simply changing the mass ratio of the resol to TEOS over a wide range (10–90%), a series of ordered, mesoporous composite foams with different compositions can be obtained. The composite monoliths with hierarchical macro/mesopores exhibit large pore volumes (0.3–0.8 cm3 g−1), uniform pore sizes (4.2–9.0 nm), and surface areas (230–610 m2 g−1). A formation process for the hierarchical porous composite monoliths on the struts of the PU foam through the evaporation‐induced coating and self‐assembly method is described in detail. This simple strategy performed on commercial PU foam is a good candidate for mass production of interface‐assembly materials.
Streptavidin‐Functionalized Three‐Dimensional Ordered Nanoporous Silica Film for Highly Efficient Chemiluminescent Immunosensing
Authors: Yang Zhanjun , Xie Zhuoying , Liu Hong , Yan Feng , Ju Huangxian 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel biofunctionalized three‐dimensional ordered nanoporous SiO2film is designed for construction of chemiluminescent analytical devices. The nanoporous SiO2film is prepared with self‐assembly of polystyrene spheres as a template and 5‐nm SiO2nanoparticles on a glass slide followed by a calcination process. Its functionalization with streptavidin is achieved by using 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a linker. Based on the high‐selectivity recognition of streptavidin to biotin‐labeled antibody a novel immunosensor is further constructed for highly efficient chemiluminescent immunoassay. The surface morphologies and fabrication processes of both the biofunctionalized film and the immunosensor are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic‐force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The three‐dimensional ordered nanopores have high capacity for loading of streptavidin and antibody and promote the mass transport of immunoreagents for immunoreaction, thus the resulting chemiluminescent immunosensor shows wide dynamic range for fast immunoassay, and good reproducibility and stability. Using carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) as a model, the highly efficient chemiluminescent immunosensing shows a linear range of three orders of magnitude, from 0.5 to 400 U mL−1. This work provides a biofunctionalized porous nanostructure for promising biosensing applications.
Parameters of gas dissolution in liquids obtained by isothermal pressure decay
Authors: Rasmussen Maurice L. , Civan Faruk 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA rapid and effective data analysis and interpretation approach is developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the film‐mass‐transfer and diffusion coefficients from time‐limited experimental data obtained by dissolving gas in liquids by the pressure‐decay method under isothermal conditions. Whereas previous approaches require experimental data until equilibrium and only determine the diffusion coefficient, accurate and rapid estimation of both parameters are achieved using a shorter set of time‐limited data, thereby reducing the errors owing to swelling by significant gas dissolution at later times. The equilibrium conditions can be predicted theoretically stemming from an analysis of the time‐limited data. This provides the estimates of the equilibrium pressure and gas solubility. This methodology not only yields accurate parameter values, but also alleviates the sufficiently large‐time collection of pressure‐decay data needed to essentially achieve equilibrium. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Clinical significance of Gata‐1, Gata‐2, EKLF, and c‐MPL expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ayala Rosa M. , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Albízua Enriqueta , Diez Amalia , Gilsanz Florinda 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biological correlation and prognostic impact of Gata‐1, Gata‐2, EKLF, and c‐MPL transcript level in a group of 41 acute mieloid leukemia (AML) patients. Gata‐1 overexpression was related to advanced age and a low percentage of bone marrow blasts and was associated with the expression of CD34 antigen and lymphoid T markers. The negative impact of Gata‐1 expression on the probability of achieving complete remission has been confirmed. Gata‐2 overexpression was associated with a low percentage of blasts in BM and males. Expression of c‐MPL was associated with CD34+ AML and M2 FAB AML subtype. A higher expression of EKLF was found in secondary AML versus primary AML. Nevertheless, patients expressing EKLF had a longer overall survival and event free survival than those patients that did not express EKLF. Our study has identified expression of EKLF as a factor with a favorable impact on prognosis in AML. Am. J. Hematol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of β‐catenin and topoisomerase IIα in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen Chih‐Cheng , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , You Jie‐Yu , Lee Kuan‐Der , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Lu Chang‐Hsien , Lin Jen‐Tsun , Lan Chieh , Lo Wan‐Hsia , Liu Jacqueline Ming , Yang Ching‐Fen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is important for controlling self‐renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and its constitutive activation has recently been documented in a significant proportion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) is a marker of cell proliferation and a crucial target for anthracycline cytotoxicity, the mainstay of management employed in AML. We retrospectively investigated the prognostic roles of β‐catenin and topo IIα in a cohort of 59 patients with newly diagnosed AML by immunohistochemistry. Aberrant β‐catenin expression was demonstrated in 13 patients (22%), and it was more likely to occur in those with unfavorable karyotypes. Advanced age and poor performance status adversely influenced the achievement of complete remission, while neither aberrant β‐catenin expression nor enhanced topo IIα activity did. On multivariate survival analysis, four factors independently predicted a shortened overall survival: aberrant β‐catenin expression, high topo IIα activity, poor‐risk cytogenetics, and presence of at least one comorbidity factor. Our results suggest that both β‐catenin and topo IIα independently predicted an adverse prognosis and might serve as new markers for risk stratification in AML patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrodebromination of bromoarenes using Grignard reagents catalyzed by metal ions
Authors: Shen Miao , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe metal salts, FeCl·24H2O, FeCl3, NiCl2, CoCl2, CuBr and some iron complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for hydrodebromination of bromoarenes under mild reaction conditions with two equivalents of Grignard reagents. Among them, the iron systems showed the best behavior regarding economic and environmental considerations. All the alkyl Grignard reagents (except CH3MgCl) and p‐tolylMgBr were promising reductive reagents with the formation of their homo‐coupling products. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of novel Co(II) and Pd(II)‐perfluoroalkylphthalocyanine in fluorous biphasic system; benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Özer Metin , Yilmaz Filiz , Erer Hakan , Kani İbrahim , Bekaroğlu Özer 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTetrakis[heptadecafluorononyl] substituted phthalocyanine complexes were prepared by template synthesis from 4‐(heptadecafluorononyloxy)phthalonitrile with Co(CH3COO)·2H2O or PdCl2 in 2‐N, N‐dimethylaminoethanol. The corresponding phthalonitrile was obtained from heptadecafluorononan‐1‐ol and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile with K2CO3 in DMF at 50 °C. The structures of the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV–vis and MALDI‐TOF MS spectroscopic methods. Metallophthalocyanines are soluble in fluoroalkanes such as perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMCH). The complexes were tested as catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation with tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) in an organic–fluorous biphasic system (n‐hexane–PFMCH). The oxidation of benzyl alcohol was also tested with different oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid, molecular oxygen and oxone in n‐hexane–PFMCH. TBHP was found to be the best oxidant for benzyl alcohol oxidation since higher conversion and selectivity were observed when this oxidant was used. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopamides, Vanillylamides, Ethanolamides, and Arachidonic Acid Amides of Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Drug Substances as TRPV1 Ligands
Authors: Sinning Christian , Watzer Bernhard , De Petrocellis Luciano , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Imming Peter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDrug substances can be acylated metabolically to give derivatives with specific and strong molecular effects. We generated potentially naturally occurring acid amides of several anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drugs. In the amides, the drug moieties served either as amine or acid components. All compounds were evaluated for activity toward transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) in a cell‐based Ca2+ influx assay; TRPV1 is a key receptor in the pain pathway and a promising target for analgesic drugs. We found that dopamine amides of fenamic acids have TRPV1 agonist activity in the nanomolar range, and that the arachidonoyl amide of a dipyrone metabolite has TRPV1 antagonist activity. Flufenamic acid dopamide, the most potent TRPV1 agonist reported herein, retains the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition properties of the parent compound flufenamic acid. Thus it acts on two different major players in the pain processing machinery. The compounds could be further keys to understanding the mechanism of action of fenamates and dipyrone at the molecular level. The fenamic acid dopamine amides qualify as new lead structures for drug development.
Analytical formula of induced electric fields in a spherical conductor by an ELF dipole magnetic field source
Authors: Kitano Mitsuhiro , Hamada Shoji , Kobayashi Tetsuo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn analytical formula of induced electric field E in a spherical conductor by an ELF dipole magnetic field source ${\it M} = {\it M}_{\|} + {\it M}_{\perp}$ is mathematically derived in vector form based on the equivalent mutlipole moment method with reexpansion technique (RE‐EMMM), where M‖ and ${\it M}_{\perp}$ are parallel and perpendicular components of M, respectively. The validity of the formula is confirmed in the following three ways: (i) the derivation of the formula from the Sarvas equation with the reciprocity theorem derived by Eaton; (ii) the convergence of the formula to that of homogeneous magnetic field when M‖ is located at the infinite distance; (iii) comparison of the analytical solutions with numerical solutions by RE‐EMMM. Furthermore, a formula for the trajectory, which satisfies E=0, is derived for the field by M‖. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 8– 17, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20739
Effect of humidification temperature on air utilization properties of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Hariyama Suguru , Sasou Hidetoshi , Abe Satoshi , Nishikawa Hisao , Sugawara Toshikazu , Aoki Tsutomu , Ogami Yasuji 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhen the effects of humidification temperature on air utilization properties of PEFCs were investigated: (1) in standard humidification conditions, cell voltage decreased with an increase in air utilization; (2) in low humidification conditions, cell voltage increased with an increase in air utilization; (3) in high humidification and high utilization conditions, cell voltage suddenly dropped with a slight increase in air utilization. The authors proved that based on experimentally obtained ohmic polarization, oxygen gain, and internal resistance free cell voltage during a pure oxygen test, by combining the following results they could provide an explanation for cell voltage behavior in the three cases: (1) calculation of water vapor pressure in the cell and change in activation polarization based on oxygen concentration decrease in the cell; (2) increase in relative humidity in the cell due to increase in air utilization, and consequent increase of concentration polarization; (3) change in the catalyst utilization rate with a change in humidification temperature, and resulting change in properties such as cell voltage. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 18– 26, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20850