bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self-Conditioner for Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers in Bonding Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Bishara Samir E. , Ostby Adam W. , Laffoon John , Warren John J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a new self-etch conditioner used with resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) in bonding orthodontic brackets.
Materials and Methods: Sixty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into three groups. In group 1 (control), 20 orthodontic brackets were bonded to teeth using Transbond Plus Self-etching Primer; in group 2, 20 brackets were bonded using an RMGI with a 10% polyacrylic acid conditioner. In group 3, 20 brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC with a new no-rinse self-conditioner for RMGIs. The same bracket type was used on all groups. The teeth were debonded in shear mode using a universal testing machine, and the amount of residual adhesive remaining on each tooth was evaluated. Analysis of variance was used to compare the shear bond strength (SBS), and the χ2 test was used to compare the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores.
Results: There were no significant differences in the SBS (P = .556) between the groups. The mean SBS for Transbond Plus was 8.6 ± 2.6 MPa, for Fuji Ortho LC using 10% polyacrylic acid 9.1 ± 4.6 MPa, and for Fuji Ortho LC using GC Self-conditioner 9.9 ± 4.1 MPa. The comparisons of the ARI scores between the three groups (χ2 = 35.5) indicated that bracket failure mode was significantly different (P &lt; .001), with more adhesive remaining on the teeth bonded using Transbond.
Conclusions: The new self-etch conditioner can be used with an RMGI to successfully bond brackets. In addition, brackets bonded with Fuji Ortho LC resulted in less residual adhesive remaining on the teeth.
Two Different Applications of Class II Elastics with Nonextraction Segmental Techniques
Authors: Uzel Aslihan , Uzel Ilter , Toroglu M. Serdar 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relative effects of Class II elastics applied directly with utility arches (UAs) or with the Reciprocal Mini–Chin Cup (RMCC) appliance.
Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion were included. Fifteen of them were treated with the RMCC appliance and the other 15 treated with Class II elastics on UAs. Lateral cephalograms of an additional 15 untreated persons having the same characteristics as the treatment groups were used as a control group.
Results: The mean control period was 10 months. Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved in a mean treatment time of 4.6 months with the RMCC appliance and in 8.5 months with the elastics on UAs. The amount of overjet reduction was 4.7 mm in the RMCC group (87.87% dental) and 5.2 mm in the UA group (80.76% dental). The molar correction was 4.5 mm in the RMCC group (87.36% dental) and 2.0 mm in the UA group (51.47% dental). The anterior lower facial height increased in both of the treatment groups.
Conclusions: The RMCC appliance is a valuable alternative for Class II elastic use in Class II cases in which the upper molars need to be moved to the distal more than the upper incisors.
Double Transmigration and Hyperdontia
Authors: Camilleri Simon 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Transmigrated teeth are rare, though reports have increased with the advent of panoramic radiography. Ectopic eruption of canines and other dental anomalies as retained deciduous teeth and supernumerary teeth have a genetic etiology and may be linked. A case report is presented which exhibits transmigration of both a mandibular canine and lateral incisor as well as the presence of a supplemental premolar and retained deciduous molar roots. The possible etiology of these abnormalities is discussed.
Skeletal Open Bite Correction with Rapid Molar Intruder Appliance in Growing Individuals
Authors: Çinsar Alev , Alagha Amir Rahimi , Akyalçın Sercan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the dentofacial effects of a fixed functional appliance, the rapid molar intruder (RMI).
Materials and Methods: One control group (n = 10) and two study groups (n = 10 each) were formed. The first experimental group consisted of growing children in the mixed dentition period who received RMI therapy alone. The second experimental group consisted of growing children in the early permanent dentition period who received both RMI and fixed appliance (edgewise) therapy together. Mean changes for the measurements for each group were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Comparisons of the mean changes between the groups were made by the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: Open bite correction was achieved by counterclockwise rotation of the mandible as a consequence of redirecting growth in both treatment groups. The ANB angle decreased significantly (P &lt; .05). Significant decreases were also noted for vertical skeletal characteristics in both treatment groups (P &lt; .05). Molar intrusion was statistically significant for both maxillary and mandibular first molars (P &lt; .05) in both treatment groups.
Conclusions: The RMI appliance provided effective bite closure and favorable dentofacial changes for nonsurgical open bite treatment in growing patients. It was concluded that this method could be regarded as a safe and noncompliance alternative for early intervention of skeletal open bite correction.
Long-term Anteroposterior and Vertical Maxillary Changes in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Slow and Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Authors: Lima Filho Roberto M. A. , Ruellas Antonio C. O. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a 10-year follow-up of anteroposterior and vertical maxillary changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with slow and rapid maxillary expansion methods.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 70 patients divided into two groups: (1) treated with a cervical headgear with expansion of the inner bow (CHG) and (2) using a Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion appliance in conjunction with cervical headgear (RME-CHG). The CHG group consisted of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females; average age 10.6 years at pretreatment [T1], 13.6 years at posttreatment [T2], and 23.6 years at postretention [T3]). The RME-CHG group consisted of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females; average age 10.4 years at T1, 14.0 years at T2, and 24.6 years at T3). The profiles of SNA and SN-PP angles showed no significant differences in either group at T1, T2, and T3 phases.
Results: For the entire sample, the profile analysis between the phases showed reduction in the SNA angle from T1–T2 and an increase from T2–T3. The SN-PP angle showed an increase from T1–T2 and a decrease from T2–T3. Treatment of skeletal Class II patients with slow and rapid maxillary expansions was efficient and stable over the long-term.
Conclusions: The profiles of SNA and SN-PP at T1, T2, and T3 achieved with slow and rapid maxillary expansions were clinically equivalent.
Mandibular Behavior with Slow and Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Skeletal Class II Patients
Authors: Lima Filho Roberto M. A. , Ruellas Antonio Carlosde Oliveira 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate anteroposterior and vertical mandibular changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with slow or rapid maxillary expansions at 10-year follow-up.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 70 patients divided into two groups, treated with (1) a cervical headgear (CHG) with expansion of the inner bow or (2) a Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance in conjunction with CHG (RME-CHG). The CHG group consisted of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females, with an average age of 10.6 years at pretreatment [T1], 13.6 years at posttreatment [T2], and 23.6 years at postretention [T3]), and the RME-CHG group consisted of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females with an average age of 10.4 years at T1, 14.0 years at T2, and 24.6 years at T3).
Results: The profiles of SNB, B-Hor, and Pog-Hor showed significant increases for all treatment phases in both groups. The SN-Go-Gn angle showed no significant decrease from T1 to T2 and a significant decrease from T2 to T3.
Conclusions: For the entire sample (CHG + RME-CHG) the profile analysis between the phases showed mean increases in B-Ver and Pog-Ver for both phases.
Prevalence of Ectopic Eruption, Impaction, Retention and Agenesis of the Permanent Second Molar
Authors: Bondemark Lars , Tsiopa Jola 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, and primary and secondary retention as well as agenesis of the permanent second molar (M2) among adolescents.
Materials and Methods: After a sample size calculation, dental records, including radiographs, of 1543 patients (722 girls and 821 boys), from three clinics in the city of Malmoe, Sweden, were retrospectively analyzed. Series of annual records and radiographs were examined for all patients from 10 to 16 years of age and were carried out during 2004–2006. The prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, and primary and secondary retention as well as agenesis of M2s was registered in a standardized manner and according to preset definitions. In addition, the times of emergence of the M2s were recorded.
Results: The prevalence of ectopic eruption of M2 was 1.5%, the prevalence of primary retention was 0.6%, and the prevalence of impaction was 0.2%. This means that the overall prevalence of eruption disturbances was 2.3%. In addition, the prevalence of agenesis was 0.8%. The prevalence of ectopic eruption was significantly higher in the mandible. Those patients with eruption disturbances and agenesis of M2 showed significantly delayed eruption of their other M2s compared to the individuals without any eruption disturbances.
Conclusions: The prevalence of eruption disturbances was higher than reported earlier, and, even if the disturbances do not occur frequently, it is important to develop an early diagnosis in order to start the treatment at the optimal time.
Bilateral Asymmetry in the Tooth Relationships of Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Harris Edward F. , Bodford Katherine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To quantify the nature and extent of bilateral dentoalveolar asymmetries in routine adolescent orthodontic patients.Materials and Methods: Eight left-right pairs of occlusal dimensions were measured from dental casts (n = 211 subjects) with proportionate samples of class I, II, and III malocclusions.Results: Directional asymmetry is a subtle, but pervasive feature of the dental arches, with systematically larger dimensions on the left side. Prior studies attribute this sidedness to compensations for hemispheric laterality. Patient's sex did not influence the magnitude of asymmetry, but patients with class II malocclusion exhibited significantly greater asymmetries, particularly in the anterior segment. Inspection suggests that this is attributable to the lack of coupling and guidance of the teeth between the jaws. There is a significant association between the severity of class II buccal-segment relationship and the extent of left-right asymmetries.Conclusion: Clinically, these lateralities need to be anticipated, particularly in class II malocclusions, and incorporated into the treatment plan.
Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Stickler Syndrome
Authors: Suda Naoto , Handa Sachiko , Higashihori Norihisa , Ogawa Takuya , Tsuji Michiko , Ohyama Kimie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStickler syndrome (MIM 108300, 604841, 184840) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by midfacial flattening and variable disorders of vision, hearing and articulation. There are three types of the syndrome caused by mutations in different genes (type 1, COL2A1; type 2, COL11A1; and type 3, COL11A2). About 20% of type 1 patients have cleft palate or bifid uvula, but there have been no case reports of orthodontic treatment of this syndrome so far. The Japanese female patient presented here with Stickler syndrome was characterized by a flat midface and had high myopia, sensorineural hearing loss, enlarged joints, and cleft of the soft palate. She had fairly small SNA and SNB angles and a steep mandibular plane with an enlarged gonial angle. The incisors of both arches were retroclined, and a large overjet and overbite were noted. Orthodontic treatment was initiated at 11 years of age using a lingual arch appliance followed by an edgewise multibracket appliance. Stable functional occlusion was obtained after the treatment. Most of the other seven Stickler syndrome patients exhibited pretreatment characteristics of small SNA and SNB angles, steep mandibular planes, enlarged gonial angles, and retroclined incisors of both arches, demonstrating the characteristic skeletal and occlusal features of this syndrome.
Orthodontic Buccal Tooth Movement by Nickel-Free Titanium-Based Shape Memory and Superelastic Alloy Wire
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Tomizuka Ryo , Hosoda Hideki , Miyazaki Shuichi , Okuno Osamu , Igarashi Kaoru , Mitani Hideo 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To examine the mechanical properties and the usefulness of titanium-niobium-aluminum (Ti-Nb-Al) wire in orthodontic tooth movement as compared with nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire.
Materials and Methods: The load deflection of expansion springs was gauged with an original jig. The gradient of the superelastic region was measured during the unloading process. Expansion springs comprising the two types of alloy wires were applied to upper first molars of rats. The distance between the first molars was measured with micrometer calipers.
Results: The force magnitude of the Ti-Nb-Al expansion spring was lower than that of the Ni-Ti expansion spring over the entire deflection range. The initial force magnitude and the gradient in the superelastic region of the Ti-Nb-Al expansion springs were half those of the Ni-Ti expansion springs. Thus, Ti-Nb-Al expansion springs generated lighter and more continuous force. Tooth movement in the Ni-Ti group proceeded in a stepwise fashion. On the other hand, tooth movement in the Ti-Nb-Al group showed relatively smooth and continuous progression. At 17 days after insertion of expansion springs, there were no significant differences between the Ti-Nb-Al and Ni-Ti groups in the amount of tooth movement.
Conclusions: These results indicate that Ti-Nb-Al wire has excellent mechanical properties for smooth, continuous tooth movement and suggest that Ti-Nb-Al wire may be used as a practical nickel-free shape memory and superelastic alloy wire for orthodontic treatment as a substitute for Ni-Ti wire.
Microbiological Evaluation of Elastomeric Chains
Authors: Casaccia Giovana Rembowski , Gomes Janaína C. , Alviano Daniela Sales , de Oliveira Ruellas Antonio Carlos , Sant' Anna Eduardo Franzotti 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the surface of elastomeric chains of different manufacturers to verify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms at the moment of unpacking and analyze a possible inhibitory effect of the elastomeric chain when exposed to microorganisms of the oral cavity, for example, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans.
Materials and Methods: Elastomeric chains from Ortho-Organizers Inc, 3M Unitek, and Dental Morelli were placed in petri plates with brain heart infusion agar medium and in sterile test tubes with brain heart infusion broth. The samples were incubated at 37°C and analyzed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. In addition, elastomeric chains from the three manufacturers were placed in dishes, inoculated with microorganisms, incubated at 37°C, and analyzed after 24 and 72 hours.
Results: No microorganism growth was detected after all incubation periods. No inhibition zones were identified surrounding the elastomeric chain.
Conclusions: The results suggest that the fabrication of elastomeric chain is in accordance with biohazard concepts. However, careful manipulation is necessary to avoid colonization of pathogenic microorganisms since the composition of the elastomeric chains analyzed do not include antimicrobial agents.
Long-term Efficacy of Reverse Pull Headgear Therapy
Authors: Wells Andrew P. , Sarver David M. , Proffit William R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To add to the data for long-term reverse pull headgear (RPHG) outcomes and further explore possible variables that could be predictors of long-term failure.
Materials and Methods: Cephalometric radiographs of 41 Class III malocclusion children treated with RPHG (face mask) were evaluated before and immediately after treatment; at 5 years posttreatment; and, for 18 patients, at 10 years posttreatment. Patients were assigned to success or failure groups according to positive or negative overjet at the longest available recall.
Results: Seventy-five percent of the patients maintained positive overjet, whereas 25% outgrew the correction. In a stepwise discriminant analysis, a large mandible and vertical positioning of the maxilla and mandible so that mandibular growth would be projected more horizontally were the major indicators of unfavorable later mandibular growth. Patients who experienced downward-backward rotation of the mandible during RPHG treatment were more likely to be categorized in the failure group. The age at which treatment began had no effect on long-term success and failure for patients younger than 10 years, but the percentage of successful treatment decreased after that age.
Conclusions: When RPHG treatment is used for all but the most obviously prognathic children to correct anterior cross-bite in the early mixed dentition, positive overjet is maintained long-term in 70%–75% of cases, whereas 25%–30% of cases relapse into reverse overjet mainly because of increased horizontally directed and often late mandibular growth. Up to age 10, the time at which RPHG treatment began does not appear to be a major factor in long-term success in maintaining positive overjet.
The Third-Order Angle and the Maxillary Incisor's Inclination to the NA Line
Authors: Knösel Michael , Kubein-Meesenburg Dietmar , Sadat-Khonsari Reza 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the angular measurement data (incisor's long axis to NA line) and the third-order angle (TA) according to Andrews' description.
Materials and Methods: The materials in the study included the lateral radiographs and corresponding dental casts of 32 males and 35 females between 10 and 25 years of age, regardless of their skeletal and dental relationships. All subjects were white and none had undergone orthodontic therapy. Using lateral radiographs, upper and lower incisor angulations were assessed in reference to the NA line. These data were compared with third-order angles derived from direct dental cast measurements, which were performed using an incisor inclination recording appliance.
Results: The third-order angle measurements recorded from the dental casts were a mean of 16.2° (SD = 5.3°) smaller than the axial inclination according to the NA line. In this sample, there was a range of 42.7° for the TA variable (mean = 5.6°, SD = 9.73°) and 47° for the 1NA/deg variable (mean = 21.7°, SD = 8.67°). A highly significant correlation existed (r = 0.84) between Andrews' angle and the inclination estimated in reference to the NA line.
Conclusion: Incisor inclination can be better estimated by recognizing the relationship between the torque angle and the axial inclination referred to the NA line. Third-order measurements using dental casts can offer a simple way to get an objective and rapid vision of the incisor's inclination.
An Evaluation of Buccal Shield Treatment
Authors: Moin Kambiz , Bishara Samir E. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects of the buccal shield modification of the lip-bumper design and on various mandibular dental arch parameters and to determine whether the changes in arch widths are due to the tipping or bodily movements of the teeth involved.
Materials and Methods: This study included 45 consecutively treated patients (29 girls and 16 boys) from a private orthodontic practice. Student's and paired t-tests were used to test the null hypothesis of no change over time for the various measurements. Linear regression analyses were used to determine whether treatment time was a significant predictor of arch width expansion. Significance for all statistical tests was predetermined at P ≤ .05.
Results: Student's t-test results indicated the presence of a significant (P &lt; .0001) increase in all the arch parameters measured. The greatest mean expansion was observed at the first (5.0 ± 2.2 mm) and second (3.4 ± 2.2 mm) premolar width measurements. The changes in arch width parameters were significantly (P &lt; .0001) greater than the normal age-related changes in the corresponding parameters. There was no significant difference between arch width expansion of the occlusal vs gingival levels, indicating a bodily and not tipping movement. Only 30% of the lower incisors demonstrated an increase in their proclination beyond normal values.
Conclusion: When using the buccal shield appliance, the mandibular arch width parameters can be expanded in the mixed dentition with bodily movement of teeth. The expanded arch width dimensions are greater than what would be expected as a result of normal growth.
Etching Enamel for Orthodontics with an Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser System
Authors: Basaran Güvenç , Özer Törün , Berk Nükhet , Hamamcı Orhan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the shear bond strength, surface characteristics, and fracture mode of brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser operated at different power outputs: 0.5 W, 1 W, and 2 W.
Materials and Methods: Human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. Enamel was etched with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser system operated at one of three power outputs or with orthophosphoric acid.
Results: The shear bond strength associated with the 0.5-W laser irradiation was significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiations. Both the 1-W and 2-W laser irradiations were capable of etching enamel in the same manner. This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. The evaluation of adhesive-remnant-index scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bond failure site among the groups, except for the 0.5-W laser–etched group. Generally, more adhesive was left on the enamel surface with laser irradiation than with acid etching.
Conclusion: The mean shear bond strength and enamel surface etching obtained with an Er,Cr: YSGG laser (operated at 1 W or 2 W for 15 seconds) is comparable to that obtained with acid etching.