bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane dynamics of cleavage furrow closure in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Danilchik Michael V. , Brown Elizabeth E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEpithelial membrane polarity develops early in Xenopus development, with membrane inserted along the earliest cleavage furrows by means of localized exocytosis. The added surface constitutes a new basolateral domain important for early morphogenesis. This basolateral surface becomes isolated from the outside by furrow closure, a zippering of adjacent apical–basolateral margins. Time‐lapse microscopy of membrane‐labeled embryos revealed two distinct kinds of protrusive activity in furrow closure. Early in furrowing, protrusive activity was associated with purse‐string contractility along the apical–basolateral margins. Later in furrow progression, a basolateral protrusive zone developed entirely within the new membrane domain, with long motile filopodia extending in contractile bands from the exposed surfaces. Filopodia interacting with opposing cell surfaces across the cleavage furrow appeared to mediate blastomere–blastomere adhesion, contact spreading and lamellipodial protrusion. Interference with these dynamic activities prevented furrow closure, indicating a basic role for both marginal and basolateral protrusive activities in early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 237:565–579, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural Effects of Codoping of Nb and Sc in Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad Akhlaq , Shah Jawad Ali , Buzby Scott , Shah Syed Ismat 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNanoparticles of TiO2codoped with 0.5, 0.75, and 1 atom‐% Nb and Sc each were synthesized by sol–gel technique. After drying, as‐synthesized samples were calcined at temperatures ranging from 250–900 °C. Changes in phase transformation of the doped samples with reference to dopant concentration and calcination temperature have been studied. The samples were analyzed by various analytical tools such as XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and EDS. The XRD results indicate that the presence of Nb and Sc substitutional ions in the anatase crystal structure inhibits the phase transition and growth of the nanoparticles with an increase in temperature. The XPS results indicate the incorporation of Nb as Nb2O5and Sc as Sc2O3.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Nanostructure Evolution: From Aggregated to Spherical SiO2 Particles Made in Diffusion Flames
Authors: Camenzind Adrian , Schulz Heiko , Teleki Alexandra , Beaucage Gregory , Narayanan Theyencheri , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe formation of nanostructured silica particles by oxidation of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in co‐annular diffusion flames is investigated by in‐situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). This enabled the nonintrusive monitoring of the mass fractal dimension, the aggregate size, and the number of primary particles per aggregate, along with the silica volume fraction, the primary particle diameter, the geometric standard deviation, and the number density along the flame axis. Parallel to this, thermophoretic sampling (TS) of the particles and analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed for direct comparison of particle morphology to that obtained from the above SAXS analysis, which were compared also to the ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) data for product particles collected from the filter. The flame temperature was measured by in‐situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. By increasing the oxygen flow rate, the laminar diffusion flame changed to a turbulent, premixed‐like flame. Non‐aggregated, spherical particles were formed in the former, while aggregates were formed in the latter flame. The relatively long high‐temperature particle residence times in the laminar diffusion flame facilitated sintering of the aggregates formed earlier into compact spherical particles at later stages of the flame.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Design‐based empirical orthogonal function model for environmental monitoring data analysis
Authors: Munoz Breda , Lesser Virginia M. , Ramsey Fred L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn empirical orthogonal function (EOF) model is proposed as a prediction method for data collected over space and time. EOF models are widely used in a number of disciplines, including Meteorology and Oceanography. The appealing feature of this model is the advantage of not requiring any assumption for the covariance matrix structure. However, there is a need to account for the errors associated with the spatial and temporal features of the data. This is accomplished by incorporating information from the sampling design, used to establish the network, into the model. The theoretical developments and numerical solutions are presented in the first section of the paper. An application of the model to real data and the results of validation analyses are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐cost implicit schemes for all‐speed flows on unstructured meshes
Authors: Kloczko T. , Corre C. , Beccantini A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMatrix‐free implicit treatments are now commonly used for computing compressible flow problems: a reduced cost per iteration and low‐memory requirements are their most attractive features. This paper explains how it is possible to preserve these features for all‐speed flows, in spite of the use of a low‐Mach preconditioning matrix. The proposed approach exploits a particular property of a widely used low‐Mach preconditioner proposed by Turkel. Its efficiency is demonstrated on some steady and unsteady applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of the α2β1 integrin‐mediated malignant phenotype on type I collagen in pancreatic cancer cells by shifts in the concentrations of extracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+
Authors: Grzesiak John J. , Bouvet Michael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe authors have previously demonstrated that α2β1 integrin‐mediated pancreatic cancer cell adhesion to Type I collagen is Mg2+‐dependent, inhibited by Ca2+, and that this integrin, purified from cell lysates using Type I‐collagen‐sepharose in Mg2+, can be eluted with Ca2+. In the present study, the authors examined the divalent cation‐dependency of α2β1 integrin‐mediated pancreatic cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation on Type I collagen, an extracellular matrix protein shown to be highly up‐regulated, and to promote the malignant phenotype in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that cells attach to Type I collagen maximally when Mg2+ is greater than 1 mM, and that addition of increasing concentrations of Ca2+ reduces this adhesion. These effects are reversible, in that previous cell attachment in Mg2+ can be reversed by adding Ca2+, and vice versa. They also demonstrate that pancreatic cancer cells migrate and proliferate on Type I collagen in Mg2+ alone, but maximally when Mg2+ is present at concentrations that promote maximal cell adhesion and Ca2+ is present at concentrations less than Mg2+. Cell adhesion and proliferation assays, as well as affinity chromatography on Type I collagen using anti‐integrin function‐blocking monoclonal antibodies indicate that the effects of these divalent cation shifts are mediated specifically by the α2β1 integrin. As pancreatic juice contains over 1,200‐fold more Mg2+ than Ca2+ and solid tumors are characterized by increased magnesium load, these data indicate that such pathophysiological divalent cation shifts could be involved in the activation of the α2β1 integrin‐mediated malignant phenotype on Type I collagen in the pancreatic cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment with ozone/oxygen‐pneumoperitoneum results in complete remission of rabbit squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Schulz Siegfried , Häussler Ulrich , Mandic Robert , Heverhagen Johannes T. , Neubauer Andreas , Dünne Anja A. , Werner Jochen A. , Weihe Eberhard , Bette Michael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent a group of metastasizing tumors with a high mortality rate in man and animals. Since the biomolecule ozone was found to inhibit growth of various carcinoma cells in vitro we here applied the highly aggressive and lethal VX2 carcinoma HNSCC tumor model of the New Zealand White rabbit to test whether ozone exerts antitumorous effects in vivo. Therapeutic insufflation of medical ozone/oxygen (O3/O2) gas mixture into the peritoneum (O3/O2‐pneumoperitoneum) at an advanced stage of tumor disease led to a survival rate of 7/14 rabbits. Six of the seven surviving rabbits presented full tumor regression and the absence of local or distant lung metastases. Insufflation of pure oxygen (O2) resulted in a survival rate of 3/13 animals accompanied by full tumor remission in 2 of the 3 surviving animals. Of the 14 sham‐treated animals only 1 had spontaneous tumor remission and survived. No adverse effects or changes in standard blood parameters were observed after repeated intraperitoneal insufflations of the O3/O2 or O2 gas. Animals with O3/O2‐induced tumor eradication developed tolerance against reimplantation of the VX2 tumor. This could be reversed by immune suppression with a combination of dexamethasone and cyclosporin A suggesting an antitumorous effect of O3/O2‐mediated activation of the body's own immunosurveillance. Although the exact mechanisms of action are still unclear the present data point to O3/O2‐pneumoperitoneum as a promising new strategy in anticancer therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva among adults with AIDS in the United States
Authors: Guech‐Ongey Mercy , Engels Eric A. , Goedert James J. , Biggar Robert J. , Mbulaiteye Sam M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC) has been associated with HIV infection in equatorial Africa, but the evidence for association with HIV in developed countries, where SCCC is rarer, is controversial. We investigated the risk for SCCC and other eye cancers in the updated U.S. HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Registry Study. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate excess risk for SCCC, primary ocular lymphoma, ocular Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and other eye tumors among 491, 048 adults (aged > 15 years or older) with HIV/AIDS diagnosed from 1980 to 2004. We calculated relative proportions (per 105) to gain insight into risk factors. We identified 73 eye cancers (15 SCCC, 35 primary ocular lymphoma, 17 ocular KS and 6 other). Overall SIRs were elevated for SCCC (SIR, 12.2, 95% CI 6.8–20.2), primary ocular lymphoma (21.7, 95% CI 15.1–30.2) and ocular KS (109, 95% CI 63.5–175). Risk for SCCC was elevated regardless of HIV acquisition category, CD4 lymphocyte count and time relative to AIDS‐onset. Relative proportions of SCCC risk were highest with age ≥50 (8/105), Hispanic ethnicity (7/105) and residence in regions with high‐solar ultraviolet radiation (10/105). We show significantly increased incidence of SCCC among persons with HIV/AIDS in the U.S. The associations with age and geography are in accord with etiological role for ultraviolet radiation in SCCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI of the thorax during whole‐body MRI: Evaluation of different MR sequences and comparison to thoracic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)
Authors: Frericks Bernd B. , Meyer Bernhard C. , Martus Peter , Wendt Michael , Wolf Karl‐Jürgen , Wacker Frank 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of four MR sequences used as part of a whole‐body MRI protocol to detect pulmonary lesions in cancer patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 31 oncology patients were imaged in a 1.5T MR scanner (Magnetom Avanto; Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany) for whole‐body staging. MR chest imaging included: axial and coronal T2‐weighted (T2w)–short‐tau inversion‐recovery (STIR), axial T2w turbo spin‐echo (TSE), and contrast‐enhanced (CE) three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric interpolated breathhold examination (VIBE). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the thorax served as the reference standard. The MDCT and MR images were evaluated independently by two radiologists. Comparative analysis was performed per lesion, per lobe, and per patient. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were determined.ResultsCompared to MDCT that detected 268 pulmonary lesions ranging from 2 to 75 mm in diameter, the MR sensitivities were 91.1%, 92.5%, 90.8%, and 87.3% for the coronal STIR, the axial STIR, the axial T2w‐TSE, and the axial CE 3D‐VIBE, respectively. Undetected pulmonary lesions were either calcified or smaller than 10 mm in the axial diameter. With coronal STIR, six false‐positive findings were detected; with axial STIR, 14 were detected; with axial T2w‐TSE, 10 were detected; and with 3D‐VIBE, seven were detected.ConclusionPulmonary MRI is feasible as part of a whole‐body MRI protocol. In our study, STIR images achieved high accuracy compared to chest MDCT for pulmonary lesions of 3 mm in size or larger. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal hypermyelination in a neonate with Sturge‐Weber syndrome demonstrated on diffusion‐tensor imaging
Authors: Moritani Toshio , Kim Jinsuh , Sato Yutaka , Bonthius Daniel , Smoker Wendy R.K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn Sturge‐Weber syndrome in neonates, evaluation of the extent of the brain parenchymal involvement is difficult due to the lack of calcification, although it is important for initiation of preventive antiepileptic treatment and prediction of prognosis. We present the first application of diffusion‐tensor imaging with fractional anisotropy and ADC maps in a 7‐day‐old neonate. Abnormal T2 hypointensity in the subcortical white matter corresponded to the areas of increased FA and decreased ADC on diffusion‐tensor imaging, which probably represents abnormal hypermyelination. Diffusion‐tensor imaging enabled to quantify the abnormal hypermyelination, and is useful in early diagnosis of Sturge‐Weber syndrome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracranial contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance venography with 6.4‐fold sensitivity encoding at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Hu Houchun H. , Haider Clifton R. , Campeau Norbert G. , Huston John , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo prospectively compare vessel conspicuity and diagnostic image quality between three‐dimensional intracranial contrast‐enhanced MR venography acquired at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3.0T, with 6.4‐fold sensitivity encoding.Materials and MethodsTen healthy volunteers were imaged on 1.5T and 3.0T MR scanners using eight‐element head coil arrays. The intracranial venous vasculature was divided into five groups for evaluation based on vessel size and anatomical location. Two radiologists independently assessed vessel conspicuity, level of artifacts, and diagnostic image quality. Informed consent was obtained, and the study was approved by the institutional review board.ResultsWith the exception of large cerebral sinuses where 1.5T and 3.0T results were rated as equivalent, 3.0T images demonstrated superior vessel continuity, sharpness, and signal contrast to background tissue than 1.5T for all other intracranial venous vasculature (P < 0.01). No statistical significance in overall image quality was found between 1.5T and 3.0T venograms, and all data sets were deemed sufficient for diagnostic interpretation.ConclusionWhole brain contrast‐enhanced venography with 6.4‐fold sensitivity encoding is robust and has the potential to become the method of choice for fast visualization of the intracranial venous vasculature. At 3.0T, demonstration of small cerebral vessels is superior to 1.5T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser treatments on skin enhancing and controlling transdermal delivery of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Gómez Clara , Costela Ángel , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Llanes Felipe , Teijón José M. , Blanco Dolores 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser ablation of stratum corneum (SC) enhances transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs. The influence of the infrared (IR) (λ = 1,064 nm), visible (λ = 532 nm), and ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 355 nm) radiations of a Nd:YAG laser on transdermal delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) across skin was studied in vitro.Materials and MethodsPinna skin of the inner side of rabbit ear, was used for the skin permeation. The light source for laser treatment was a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser (Lotis TII SL‐2132). Ablation thresholds were estimated by using a photoacoustic technique. In addition, permeation study, and morphological and structural skin examination by histology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out.ResultsA significant increase in the permeation of 5‐Fu across skin pre‐treatment with the three different wavelengths studied was obtained. Since irradiation at 1,064 nm allows deep penetration of the radiation, collagen fibers were affected [7.7 J/cm2 (15 Hz)]. Visible radiation of Nd:YAG laser showed the wider range of fluences (3–8.4 J/cm2 at 15 Hz) to enhance skin delivery of 5‐Fu, without risk of skin lesion. UV radiation required minor energy contribution to produce the same effects within a narrower range of fluences [0.3 J/cm2 (5 Hz)–1.5 J/cm2 (15 Hz)] so the process is less controlled and this radiation shows greater impact on the lipidic structure than visible and IR radiations.ConclusionsUse of the visible radiation of a Nd:YAG laser is a good method for improving the efficacy of topical chemotherapy of 5‐Fu. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:6–12, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of selective retina treatment (SRT) by means of 8 ns laser pulses in a rabbit model
Authors: Framme Carsten , Schuele Georg , Kobuch Karin , Flucke Barbara , Birngruber Reginald , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundIt has been shown that selective retina treatment (SRT) using a train of 1.7 microseconds laser pulses allows selective damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) while sparing the adjacent photoreceptors and thus avoiding laser scotoma. It was the purpose of this work to investigate SRT laser effects with Q‐switched pulses of only 8 nanoseconds in duration by evaluating the angiographic and ophthalmoscopic damage thresholds and the damage range by histology in a rabbit model.Materials and MethodsA flash lamp pumped frequency doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser with 8 nanoseconds pulse duration was used. In total 210 laser lesions, each calculated to be 102 µm in diameter on retina, were applied through a slit lamp onto the fundus of six eyes of Chinchilla Bastard rabbits. The rabbits were irradiated with increasing energies with single pulses and a train of 10 laser pulses at 10 Hz. After treatment fundus photography and angiography were performed to determine the damage thresholds (ED50‐probability of RPE cell damage and neurosensory retinal damage) as well as the safety range between both thresholds (ratio of angiographic ED86 vs. ophthalmoscopic ED14). Selected histology was taken for single and repetitive pulse lesions after treatment.ResultsAngiographic and ophthalmoscopic ED50‐thresholds decreased with increasing number of pulses. For single pulse application ophthalmoscopic and angiographic ED50 were determined to 365 and 144 mJ/cm2, respectively. Regarding 10 pulses 266 and 72 mJ/cm2 were found. No retinal hemorrhages or disruptions were observed for both sets of parameters. The therapeutic window between angiographic and ophthalmoscopic threshold revealed a factor of 3.1 for single pulses and 2.3 for repetitive pulse irradiation. The safety range respectively had a factor of 0.8 (single pulses) and 1.7 (10 pulses). Histologic examination of laser lesions with single and repetitive pulses at radiant exposures within the therapeutic window—292 and 213 mJ/cm2 respectively—revealed damaged RPE, intact Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaries. Photoreceptors were partly spared but also damaged to various extents.ConclusionsShort laser pulses of 8 nanoseconds pulse duration can damage the RPE without retinal hemorrhage or disruption. Selective damage of the RPE without affecting the photoreceptors can only rarely be achieved due to the small safety range. Thus, so far microsecond laser pulses for SRT seems favorable compared to nanosecond pulses in order to prevent unintentional photoreceptor damage. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:20–27, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe upper limb injuries with or without neurovascular compromise in children and adolescents—Analysis of 32 cases
Authors: Ignatiadis Ioannis A. , Yiannakopoulos Christos K. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Nomikos George N. , Spyridonos Sarantis G. , Gerostathopoulos Nikolaos E. , Soucacos Panayotis N. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe healing and regeneration capacity of the injured tissues in childhood, adolescence, and adult life differs significantly. As a result, the prognosis of compound injuries of the upper limb in different age groups varies; therefore, the decision making and management of these cases should be age‐specific. This article presents a series of 32 patients aged 1.5–14 years, with compound injuries of the upper limb that have been treated in our hospital during the period of the last 6 years. Ten of the above cases involved major vascular lesions that required revascularization or replantation. The injuries were classified according to the SATT (Severity, Anatomy, Topography, Type) classification system. This study shows that the outcome of compound upper limb injuries is age‐related, while the SATT classification system is a valuable tool in the decision making process. Further research should be undertaken to determine age group‐specific indications for the management of compound upper limb injuries, based on the SATT classification system. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Pediatric lymphedema and correlated syndromes: Role of microsurgery
Authors: Campisi Corradino , Da Rin Elisa , Bellini Carlo , Bonioli Eugenio , Boccardo Francesco 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAuthors report modern diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used in the correct assessment and treatment of congenital lymphatic and chylous disorders. Lymphatic dysplasias can be clinically represented only by peripheral lymphedema or be associated with more complex dysfunctions of chyliferous vessels and the thoracic duct (chylous ascitis, chylothorax, etc.) It is, therefore, useful to perform a complete diagnostic evaluation of each patient before carrying out any therapeutical approach. Lymphoscintigraphy, lymphangio‐MR, oil contrast lymphography, and lymphangio‐CT are the common diagnostic tools used in these cases, variable associated depending above all on the complexity of the pathology. From the therapeutical point of view, microsurgical methods proved to bring successful and long lasting results, both with derivative lymphatic‐venous anastomoses and reconstructive lymphatic‐venous‐lymphatic anastomoses. Better long‐term results are obtained in earlier stages. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.