bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of functional status in Turkish children with cerebral palsy (a preliminary study)
Authors: Erkin G. , Aybay C. , Kurt M. , Keles I. , Cakci A. , Ozel S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntroduction  Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common causes of disability in childhood leading to functional limitations. Assessment of the functional limitations is important to determine the severity of the disability in CP and to evaluate the benefit of the rehabilitation programme. However, the results of the measurements show variations according to different sociocultural characteristics. The Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM) had not been studied in Turkish children previously. The aims of this study were to evaluate the functional disability of Turkish children with CP by using WeeFIM and to compare the results with those of healthy counterparts.Methods  A total of 86 children aged 24 months to 120 months were included in the study. Forty‐five children with CP and 41 healthy children representing the controls were evaluated with WeeFIM. Both children with CP and healthy controls were categorized into four groups according to their chronological age. The variations in the WeeFIM subsets scores (self‐care, sphincter control, transfers and locomotion, communication and social cognition) and total WeeFIM scores in children with CP and healthy controls were analysed.Results  The children with CP had lower WeeFIM scores than healthy controls. The sphincter control subset scores of children with CP increased as they grew up. There was no statistically significant difference in all WeeFIM subset scores and the total WeeFIM scores among the four age groups of children with CP.Conclusion  The WeeFIM appears to be a useful instrument for measuring the disability of Turkish children with CP. However, studies with wider series are needed to generalize our results.
Socioeconomic factors and adolescent pregnancy outcomes: distinctions between neonatal and postneonatal deaths?
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: October 2005

?

Markovitz B.P.,
Cook R.,
Flick L.H.,
Leet T.L.
(
2005
)

,
5
,
79
. doi:10.1186/1471‐2458‐5‐79. URL http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471‐2458/5/79
Background  Young maternal age has long been associated with higher infant mortality rates, but the role of socio‐economic factors in this association has been controversial. We sought to investigate the relationships between infant mortality (distinguishing neonatal from post‐neonatal deaths), socio‐economic status and maternal age in a large, retrospective cohort study.Methods  We conducted a population‐based cohort study using linked birth‐death certificate data for Missouri residents during 1997–1999. Infant mortality rates for all singleton births to adolescent women (12–17 years, n = 10 131; 18–19 years, n = 18 954) were compared with those for older women (20–35 years, n = 28 899). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential associations.Results  The risk of infant (OR 1.95, CI 1.54–2.48), neonatal (1.69, 1.24–2.31) and post‐neonatal mortality (2.47, 1.70–3.59) were significantly higher for younger adolescent (12–17 years) than older (20–34 years) mothers. After adjusting for race, marital status, age‐appropriate education level, parity, smoking status, prenatal care utilization, and poverty status (indicated by participation in WIC, food stamps or Medicaid), the risk of post‐neonatal mortality (1.73, 1.14–2.64) but not neonatal mortality (1.43, 0.98–2.08) remained significant for younger adolescent mothers. There were no differences in neonatal or post‐neonatal mortality risks for older adolescent (18–19 years) mothers.Conclusions  Socio‐economic factors may largely explain the increased neonatal mortality risk among younger adolescent mothers but not the increase in post‐neonatal mortality risk.
Peritoneal clearance of homocysteine with icodextrin or standard glucose solution exchange
Authors: CZUPRYNIAK ANETA , NOWICKI MICHAL , CHWATKO GRAZYNA , JANDER ANNA , BALD EDWARD 
Published: October 2005

Summary:Background:  The aim of the study was to assess plasma homocysteine concentration in peritoneal dialysis patients, and to compare the effect of different peritoneal solutions (glucose‐based and icodextrin‐based) on peritoneal clearance of homocysteine.Methods:  The study group comprised 10 chronic peritoneal dialysis patients; the control group comprised 15 healthy, age‐matched non‐obese subjects with normal renal function. Patients with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency were excluded. In all subjects, plasma homocysteine and dialysis adequacy parameters were assessed at baseline. The clearance study was carried out with 2.27% glucose and 7.5% icodextrin solutions (12‐h dwell time).Results:  Mean dialysate concentration of homocysteine was similar for both glucose and icodextrin solutions (8.3 ± 3.2 and 8.4 ± 1.9 µmol/L, respectively), but homocysteine clearance was significantly higher for icodextrin than glucose solution (1.82 ± 0.57 vs 1.39 ± 0.53 mL/min per 1.73 m2P = 0.01). Net ultrafiltration after icodextrin solution was also higher than after glucose solution (599 ± 136 mL vs 134 ± 337 mL, P < 0.01). A correlation between total plasma level of homocysteine and its peritoneal clearance was found (r = 0.69; P = 0.03).Conclusion:  It appears that peritoneal elimination of homocysteine depends primarily on its plasma concentration. Icodextrin‐based solution for peritoneal dialysis seems to be more efficient in homocysteine elimination than a standard glucose‐based solution.
Arthroscopic Verification of Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Meniscal Pathology in Dogs
Authors: Mahn Matthew M. , Cook James L. , Cook Cristi Reeves , Balke Michael T. 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To determine the clinical usefulness of ultrasonography for diagnosis of meniscal pathology in dogs.Study Design—Double‐blind prospective study.Animals—Dogs (n=10) with lameness localized to the stifle.Materials and Methods—Sonographic examination of each affected stifle was performed by 1 ultrasonographer unaware of specific historical and clinical data for the dog. Sonographic findings were recorded, but not reviewed until study completion. Arthroscopic examination of the affected stifle was performed within 48 hours of ultrasonography by 1 surgeon unaware of ultrasonographic findings. Arthroscopic findings were recorded, but not reviewed until study completion. Two investigators compared the ultrasonographic and arthroscopic findings at study completion to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.Results—Two of the 10 dogs had bilateral stifle evaluation. Twenty‐four lateral and medial menisci, with normal and abnormal findings, were examined. The sensitivity and specificity for ultrasonographic diagnosis were 90.0% and 92.9%, respectively; positive and negative predictive values were 90.0% and 92.9%, respectively.Conclusions—Ultrasonography is highly specific and sensitive for diagnosing bucket handle tears of the medial meniscus in dogs.Clinical Relevance—Ultrasonographic evaluation of menisci in dogs is a noninvasive method for accurately and efficiently diagnosing pathology, determining the need for surgical intervention, and providing comprehensive information to clients.
Canine Sacroiliac Luxation: Anatomic Study of Dorsoventral Articular Surface Angulation and Safe Corridor for Placement of Screws Used for Lag Fixation
Authors: Shales Chris J. , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel J. 
Published: October 2005

Objective— To define a safe corridor in the dorsoventral plane to facilitate placement of screws inserted in lag fashion within the sacral body for fixation of sacroiliac fracture–luxation injuries in dogs.Study Design— Anatomic study.Sample Population— Cadaveric canine sacra.Methods— Canine sacra (n=45) were used for a radiographic study to define a safe corridor in the dorsoventral plane for placement of screws inserted in lag fashion for fixation of sacroiliac luxation in the dog. The defined safe corridor allowed drilling to a depth of 65% of the sacral width to ensure screw purchase of ≥60%. Effects of positioning and measurement techniques were evaluated.Results— Eighty‐seven safe corridors were measured. The mean articular surface was 100±4.52° from horizontal. Mean maximum, optimum, and minimum safe corridor drill angles were 111± 4.57°, 100±4.70°, and 89±5.17°, respectively, from the articular surface. Predicted surgeon error of ±4° was used to define the safe corridor for use clinically.Conclusions— In 91% of sacra, a drill angle of 100±4° would remain ventral to the vertebral canal. Twelve sacra (14%) were at risk of penetration of the pelvic canal. A drill angle of 97±4° avoids penetration of the vertebral canal in all sacra measured but risks ventral exit from the body in 30% of sacra studied.Clinical Relevance— A drill angle of 97° from the articular surface is recommended for insertion of screws for lag fixation of canine sacroiliac luxation.
Comparison of Perioperative Analgesic Protocols for Dogs Undergoing Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: Hoelzler Michael G. , Harvey Ralph C. , Lidbetter David A. , Millis Darryl L. 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To compare effects of 3 commonly used perioperative analgesic protocols (epidural injection, intra‐articular injection, and intravenous [IV] injection) for management of postoperative pain in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study Design—Prospective, randomized clinical trial.Animals—Fifty‐six healthy dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture.Methods—Dogs were premedicated with IV hydromorphone and acepromazine and were randomly assigned to receive either E (preoperative epidural injection with morphine and bupivacaine), IA (pre‐ and postoperative intra‐articular injections of bupivacaine), or C (neither epidural morphine and bupivacaine, nor intra‐articular bupivacaine). All dogs were administered hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg IV) at extubation and as needed to maintain comfort postoperatively. Patients were observed and monitored continuously for 24 hours and discomfort was assessed using visual analog pain scores (VASs), multifactorial pain scores (MPSs), and response to a pressure nociceptive threshold (PNT) measuring device. Time to 1st dose and the total doses of hydromorphone required to achieve adequate comfort for each dog were recorded.Results—No differences in measured indices of postoperative pain were observed between dogs of each treatment group; VAS (P=.190), MPS (P=.371), and PNT (P=.160). Time to 1st analgesic intervention was longer for Group E compared with Group C (P=.005) and longer for Group IA compared with Group C (P=.032). Although time to 1st intervention between Groups E and IA were longer for Group E, differences were not significant. To provide an adequate level of comfort, more analgesic interventions were administered to dogs in Group C compared with dogs in group E (P=.015). On average, more hydromorphone was administered to Group C compared with Group IA (P=.072) and to Group IA compared with Group E (P=.168), but statistical significance was not reached for these data.Conclusions—In this study population, significant differences were seen in time to 1st hydromorphone dose between Groups E and IA compared with Group C. As well, more supplemental analgesia was administered to Group C compared with Group E to maintain the same level of postoperative comfort. Although differences between Groups E and IA tended to favor the epidural group, differences were minimal and not statistically significant.Clinical Relevance—Our results suggest that regardless of analgesic protocol, measured indices of pain in dogs after TPLO can be minimized if dogs are continuously observed and appropriately supplemented with parenteral opioids. However, the frequency of postoperative opioid dosing can be minimized and may be a factor when contemplating supplementary use of epidural or intra‐articular injections as part of a balanced analgesic approach.
Antebrachial Fractures in Four Captive Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)
Authors: Lin Rebecca C. , Engeli Emmanuel , Prowten Allan W. , Erb Hollis N. , Ducharme Norm G. , Goodrich Laurie R. 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To identify common risk factors for antebrachial fractures of captive polar bears and to evaluate outcome after fracture repair.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Four captive polar bears.Methods—United States zoological collections were surveyed to determine the prevalence of fractures in captive polar bears. Medical records of captive polar bears that had antebrachial fractures were reviewed for signalment, history, physical and radiographic findings, fracture management, postoperative care, and outcome. Serum samples from healthy bears and bears with antebrachial fractures were assayed for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) concentrations.Results—Nineteen fractures (12 polar bears) occurred from 1974 to 2002; 12 fractures involved the antebrachium. Management of 4 antebrachial fractures was reviewed; 3 were repaired by internal fixation and 1 by external coaptation. Fractures healed and bears were returned to exhibit on average 3 months postfracture. Of 11 serum samples assayed for 25‐OHD concentrations, 6 were below normal, 1 was low normal and 4 were within normal reference intervals. The 7 bears with subnormal or low normal values were housed in 2 zoos. Subnormal vitamin D concentrations were identified in 2 of 3 bears with fractures.Conclusions—Fracture disease is not uncommon in captive polar bears. Additional research is necessary to explore the role of nutrition in polar bear fracture disease.Clinical Relevance—Internal fixation of antebrachial fractures is feasible and reasonably well tolerated in captive polar bears.
Comparison of Three Methods for Arthrodesis of the Distal Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal Joints in Horses
Authors: Zubrod Chad J. , Schneider Robert K. , Hague Brent A. , Ragle Claude A. , Gavin Patrick R. , Kawcak Chris E. 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To evaluate the effects of diode laser surgery (LS), surgical drilling (SD), and intraarticular sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) as methods for fusing the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints in horses.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Adult horses (15) without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) of the DIT and TMT joints.Methods—Group 1 (n=3) had LS performed bilaterally on DIT and TMT joints; 1 horse was evaluated for 1 week and 2 horses were evaluated for 2 weeks. Group 2 (n=6) had LS on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and MIA administration into the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 6 months. Group 3 (n=6) had LS performed on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and SD of the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 12 months. Postoperative comfort, lameness, radiography, microradiography, and histology scores were compared using repeated measures ANOVA, and paired or 2 sample t‐tests; significance was set atP<.05.Results—LS caused the least postoperative morbidity. In group 2, horses were less lame in 4 LS‐treated limbs and 2 MIA‐treated limbs at 6 months when compared with the contralateral limb. In group 3, horses were less lame in 5 LS‐treated limbs and 1 SD‐treated limb at 6 and 12 months compared with the contralateral limb. On microradiography, 11 MIA joints and 2 LS joints had bone bridging the joint at 6 months whereas 8 SD joints and 5 LS joints had bone bridging at 12 months. Significantly more joint space was bridged by bone in MIA‐ (51.4%) and SD (46.2%)‐treated joints compared with LS joints at 6 (30.6%) and 12 (28.5%) months, respectively (P<.05).Clinical Relevance—SD and MIA resulted in more bone bridging of the distal 2 tarsal joints, than LS. However, LS seemingly caused less pain and discomfort to horses in the immediate postoperative period; horses were generally less lame in the LS limb. More laser energy may need to be applied to these joints to promote fusion; however, it may also have beneficial effects beyond fusion. Further research on horses with OA of the distal 2 tarsal joints is needed to determine whether LS can cause soundness without facilitating bony fusion.
Development of a DNA Microarray for Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens Involved in Invasive Mycoses
Authors: Leinberger Dirk M. , Schumacher Ulrike , Autenrieth Ingo B. , Bachmann Till T. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Conventional identification of pathogenic fungi in clinical microbiology laboratories is time-consuming and, therefore, often imperfect for the early initiation of an adequate antifungal therapy. We developed a diagnostic microarray for the rapid and simultaneous identification of the 12 most common pathogenic
Candida
and
Aspergillus
species. Oligonucleotide probes were designed by exploiting the sequence variations of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene cassette to identify
Candida albicans
,
Candida dubliniensis
,
Candida krusei
,
Candida glabrata
,
Candida tropicalis
,
Candida parapsilosis
,
Candida guilliermondii
,
Candida lusitaniae
,
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
Aspergillus flavus
,
Aspergillus niger
, and
Aspergillus terreus
. By using universal fungal primers (ITS1 and ITS4) directed toward conserved regions of the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, respectively, the fungal ITS target regions could be simultaneously amplified and fluorescently labeled. To establish the system, 12 precharacterized fungal strains were analyzed; and the method was validated by using 21 clinical isolates as blinded samples. As the microarray was able to detect and clearly identify the fungal pathogens within 4 h after DNA extraction, this system offers an interesting potential for clinical microbiology laboratories.
Sequence Diversity in the Glycoprotein B Gene Complicates Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection and Quantification of Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Nye Melinda B. , Leman Adam R. , Meyer Michelle E. , Menegus Marilyn A. , Rothberg Paul G. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Real-time quantitative PCR systems (Q-PCR) for the rapid detection and quantification of microorganisms in clinical specimens employ oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers and probes for specificity, which makes them vulnerable to false negatives caused by sequence diversity in the template. Schaade et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol.
39
:3809, 2001) reported a sequence variant (C630T) in the cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein B (gB) gene that, although detectable in their Q-PCR assay, could not be accurately quantified. In an effort to evaluate the impact of CMV sequence variants in our patient population by use of a similar Q-PCR assay, we surveyed 54 isolates of CMV, each from a different patient. We detected evidence for the C630T variant in 4 of 54 (7.4%) patients. Furthermore, isolates from two additional patients were completely negative in the test. Sequencing of these false-negative isolates revealed multiple mutations within the probe hybridization sites. A Q-PCR that targeted the CMV polymerase gene instead of gB detected all 54 isolates. We suggest that Q-PCR assays for viral load be rigorously tested on large panels of viral isolates to assess the impact of sequence diversity on detection as well as quantification.
Characterization ofMycobacterium capraeIsolates from Europe by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit Genotyping
Authors: Prodinger Wolfgang M. , Brandstätter Anita , Naumann Ludmila , Pacciarini Maria , Kubica Tanja , Boschiroli Maria Laura , Aranaz Alicia , Nagy György , Cvetnic Zeljko , Ocepek Matjaz , Skrypnyk Artem , Erler Wilfried , Niemann Stefan , Pavlik Ivo , Moser Irmgard 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTMycobacterium caprae, a recently defined member of theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex, causes tuberculosis among animals and, to a limited extent, in humans in several European countries. To characterizeM. capraein comparison with otherMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex members and to evaluate genotyping methods for this species, we analyzed 232M. capraeisolates by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) genotyping and by spoligotyping. The isolates originated from 128 distinct epidemiological settings in 10 countries, spanning a period of 25 years. We found 78 different MIRU patterns (53 unique types and 25 clusters with group sizes from 2 to 9) but only 17 spoligotypes, giving Hunter-Gaston discriminatory indices of 0.941 (MIRU typing) and 0.665 (spoligotyping). For a subset of 103M. capraeisolates derived from outbreaks or endemic foci, MIRU genotyping and IS6110restriction fragment length polymorphism were compared and shown to provide similar results. MIRU loci 4, 26, and 31 were most discriminant inM. caprae, followed by loci 10 and 16, a combination which is different than those reported to discriminateM. bovisbest.M. capraeMIRU patterns together with published data were used for phylogenetic inference analysis employing the neighbor-joining method.M. capraeisolates were grouped together, closely related to the branches of classicalM. bovis,M. pinnipedii,M. microti, and ancestralM. tuberculosis, but apart from modernM. tuberculosis.The analysis did not reflect geographic patterns indicative of origin or spread ofM. caprae.Altogether, our data confirmM. capraeas a distinct phylogenetic lineage within theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex.
Use of Shell-Vial Cell Culture Assay for Isolation of Bacteria from Clinical Specimens: 13 Years of Experience
Authors: Gouriet Frédérique , Fenollar Florence , Patrice Jean-Yves , Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

The shell-vial culture assay is performed routinely in our laboratory. Recently we revisited our experience of using the shell-vial culture assay for the isolation of microorganisms from various clinical samples. Over a 13-year period, we have isolated 580 bacterial strains (5%) from 11,083 clinical samples tested. Over the same period, 285 isolates of rickettsiae, bartonellae, or
Coxiella burnetii
were cultured from a total of 7,102 samples tested. These isolates include 55
Rickettsia
sp. isolates, 95
Coxiella burnetii
isolates, and 135
Bartonella
sp. isolates. Based on our experience with the growth of fastidious microorganisms, we have used a centrifugation shell-vial technique called JNSP, for “je ne sais pas” (“I don't know [what I am growing]”) for the isolation of other microorganisms. A total of 173 isolates were cultured from the 3,861 clinical samples tested using the JNSP method. Of these, 40 isolates had not been grown before on usual axenic medium. These include 2
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates, 7 isolates of
Streptococcus
sp. and related genera, 6
Mycobacterium
sp. isolates, 1
Nocardia asteroides
isolate, 1
Actinomyces
sp. isolate, 1
Brucella melitensis
isolate, 2
Francisella tularensis
isolates, 1
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
isolate, and 1
Legionella pneumophila
isolate. Using this protocol, we have also cultured intracellular bacteria such as
Chlamydia trachomatis
and we have performed the first culture and establishment of
Trophyrema whipplei
. Applied in our laboratory, the shell-vial culture generally exhibits a low rate of success. However, in some cases, this technique allowed microbial diagnosis when classical agar procedure and PCR were negative.