bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV Transmission by Seronegative Blood Components: Report of 2 Probable Cases
Authors: Isarangkura P. , Mahaphan W. , Chiewsilp P. , Chuansumrit A. , Hathirat P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHIV seroconversion was reported in 2 haemophiliacs after having corrective orthopaedic surgery. They received solvent‐detergent/heat‐treated factor VIII concentrate, HIV‐seronegative cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma during the course of surgery. HIV seroconversion was found on days 31 and 71 after surgery. It is highly probable that the infections were acquired by transfusions of seronegative blood components. In countries with a relatively low prevalence of HIV infection, transmission of HIV by transfusion of derivatives of seronegative blood is occasionally reported as a rare complication of blood transfusion [1–3]. In Thailand the prevalence of HIV infection and the incidence of new infections in the general population and in blood donors has recently increased dramatically (fig. 1) [4–5]. As a result of these components prepared from HIV‐seronegative blood donations pose a significant hazard to recipients because of the risk of viraemia during the ‘window period’ of HIV infection. Here we report HIV infection in 2 haemophilia patients treated with HIV‐seronegative (using Fujirebio agglutination or second‐generation Abbott ELISA) cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma in 1991, prepared locally from single‐unit donations. All donors were voluntary. Anti‐HIV was tested in every unit of donor blood before processing to blood components. Although not proven, it is highly probable that the infections were acquired by transfusions of seronegative blood components.
Prevalence of Anti‐Hepatitis C Virus in the Blood Donor Population of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vanderborght B. O. M. , Reis A. M. M. , Rouzere C. D. , da Silva R. Salgado , Yoshida C. R. T. , Franco L. G. P. , Maertens G. , Van Heuverswijn H. , Pereira J. Moreira 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in 2,557 asymptomatic volunteer Brazilian blood donors is reported. Using the line immunoassay (Inno‐LIA) as a confirmatory test on ELISA anti‐HCV‐positive reacting sera, a prevalence rate of 2.7% for anti‐HCV positivity was found. By comparison, prevalences of 1.6% for hepatitis B surface antigen, 0.9% for Treponema pallidum, 0.4% for human immunodeficiency virus and 0,04% for Trypanosoma cruzi were observed. Only 57% of the HCV‐positive donors had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Using previous criteria, based on surrogate markers (ALT ≥ 50 IU/1 and for anti‐hepatitis B core antibody), for HCV infection at that time, only 25% of the HCV‐positive donations would have been eliminated. In view of the high prevalence of anti‐HCV reactivity among the Brazilian blood donor population and the poor reliability of surrogate markers, it is recommended that routine screening for anti‐HCV in Brazilian blood donors is introduced.
Characterization of Factors Affecting the Stability of Frozen Heparinized Plasma
Authors: Palmer D. S. , Rosborough D. , Perkins H. , Bolton T. , Rock G. , Ganz P. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe use of heparin rather than citrate as primary anticoagulant has been shown to significantly improve the initial activity, stability and recovery of factor VIII:C from human plasma, cryoprecipitates or factor VIII concentrates if the plasma was initially frozen at ‐80°C and subsequently stored at this temperature. If frozen and stored at progressively warmer temperatures however, increasing amounts of insoluble protein aggregates, termed storage precipitates (SPs), were recovered in the thawed plasma and cryoprecipitate fractions. Plasma recovery by centrifugation at 7,000 g for 7 min [Method I (MI)], 2 times 10 min (MII) or 15 min (MIII) had little effect on SP formation after 1 month at any storage temperature. After 4 months at ‐20°C, more SP was recovered from MIII plasma whereas at ‐40°C, more SP was recovered from MI plasma. Also, the preparation method had little or no effect on factor VIII:C activity at equivalent storage times or temperatures. A trend towards improved factor VIII recoveries was noted at lower freezing and storage temperatures however. SP formation was associated with reduced fibrinogen levels in the recovered plasma without loss of antithrombin‐III or increased fibrinopeptide‐A. Western blots showed polymerization of Aα or γ‐chains of fibrinogen. SP formation was reduced or eliminated with factor XIII inhibitors, antibody to the active factor XIII a subunit or adjustment of heparinized plasma to 5‐10mM sodium citrate before initial freezing and storage. Although plasma factor VIII:C recoveries were only slightly affected at these citrate concentrations under most conditions, its recovery in cryoprecipitates was substantially improved owing to the reduction or absence of SPs.
Automated Processing of Human Bone Marrow Grafts for Transplantation
Authors: Zingsem J. , Zeiler T. , Zimmermann R. , Weisbach V. , Mitschulat H. , Schmid H. , Beyer J. , Siegert W. , Eckstein R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrior to purging or cryopreservation, we concentrated 21 bone marrow (BM) harvests using a modification of the ‘grancollect‐protocol’ of the Fresenius AS 104 cell separator with the Pl‐Y set. Within 40–70 min, the initial marrow volume of 1,265 ml (±537 ml) was processed two to three times. A mean of 47% (±21%) of the initial mononuclear cells was recovered in a mean volume of 128 ml (+36 ml). The recovery of clonogenic cells, measured by CFU‐GM assays, was 68% (±47%). Red blood cells in the BM concentrates were reduced to 7% (±4%) of the initial number. The procedure was efficient and yielded a BM cell fraction suitable for purging, cryopreservation and transplantation. At this time, 10 of the 21 patients whose BM was processed using this technique have been transplanted. Seven of these 10 patients have been grafted using the BM alone. Three of the 10 patients showed reduced cell viability and colony growth in the thawed BM samples, and therefore obtained BM and peripheral blood‐derived stem cells. All transplanted patients showed an evaluable engraftment, achieving 1,000 granulocytes per μl of peripheral blood in a mean of 18 days.
Factor VIII:c Concentrate Virus Inactivated: Progress in Purification by Using Classic Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Arrighi Silvana , Pacenti Lorenzo , Borri Maria Giuseppina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was carried out with the aim of developing a production process for the manufacture of a highly purified factor VIII concentrate which is virus inactivated by pasteurization in liquid phase. Beside standard plasma protein separation techniques, the procedure uses a chromatographic step on anion exchanger, whose selectivity is increased by using high, but not destabilizing salt concentrations. The final product before stabilization has a specific activity higher than 300 IU/mg of protein, namely the highest specific activity reported for human factor VIII concentrates purified without the use of immunoabsorbents.
The Donation Cycle: A Framework for the Measurement and Analysis of Blood Donor Return Behaviour
Authors: James R.C. , Matthews D.E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe donation cycle represents a new framework for the measurement of blood donor return behaviour. Because it is based on the interval between successive donation attempts, it is more efficient than previously reported methods and the resulting data can be analysed using the statistical techniques for interval data. To illustrate the merits of this quantitative approach to the study of blood donor behaviour, the donation cycle framework is used to analyse the interval between the first and second donation attempts in a random sample (n = 5,183) of type 0, whole blood donors from the Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center. Simple statistical tools such as the log‐rank test are employed to describe and to evaluate relative differences in the return behaviour of Rh‐negative and Rh‐positive donors. The analysis indicates that Rh‐negative donors are significantly (p < 0.001) more likely than Rh‐positive donors to attempt to donate on a second occasion. Kaplan‐Meier estimates of the survival function of these first‐time donors reveal marked elevations in the rate of return exactly 52 weeks after the initial donation. The donation cycle paradigm provides transfusion researchers with quantitative tools which are essential for designing statistically efficient, prospective intervention studies. By using the knowledge which such studies could provide, blood banks might be better able to manage donor return behaviour and thereby the safety of the blood supply.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of the ABO Blood Group System: 3. Ax and B(A) Alleles
Authors: Yamamoto Fumi‐ichiro , McNeill Patricia D. , Yamamoto Miyako , Hakomori Sen‐itiroh , Harris Teresa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have employed a PCR approach to determine the nucleotide sequences of the coding region in the last two coding exons of the histo‐blood group ABO genes from one Ax and one B(A) individual. Compared with A1 alleles, the Ax allele has a single nucleotide substitution (T→ A at nucleotide 646) resulting in an amino acid substitution (phenylalanine→isoleucine at amino acid 216). Compared with B alleles, the B(A) allele has two nucleotide substitutions (T→C at nt. 657 and A→G at nt. 703) resulting in an amino acid substitution (serine→glycine at aa. 235). The amino acid substitution resulting from this B(A) allele is located at the second of the four amino acid substitutions which discriminate human A and B transferases, and the amino acid residue (glycine) is identical to that of A transferase suggesting the involvement of this amino acid or its surrounding area for the recognition and/or binding of the donor nucleotide sugars.
Screening of F.VIII:C Antibodies by an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Mondorf W. , Ehrenforth S. , Vigh Z. , Last J. , Tippmann G. , Kreuz W. , Scharrer I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) method was developed in order to examine prevalence and titer of antibodies directed against the factor VIII coagulant protein (F.VIII:C) in hemophilia A and nonhemophilia A patients. Highly purified F.VIII:C was used as immunosorbent on microtiter plates with a peroxidase‐conjugated goat anti human IgG antibody for F.VIII:C antibody detection. Results determined by Elisa were compared with measurements according to the Bethesda method. Initially 24 plasma samples containing an F.VIII:C inhibitory activity ranging from 0 to 7,700 Bethesda units (BU) were analysed. At plasma dilutions of 1:128 the optical density determined by our Elisa measurement and the corresponding BU showed a logarithmic correlation. The coefficient of correlation was r=0.92 with a standard deviation of 0.002 from the regression curve. Plasma samples were analysed from 53 hemophilia A patients, from 21 nonhemophilia patients with acquired F.VIII:C antibodies and from 460 randomly selected nonhemophilia patients presenting for routine preoperative coagulation examination. F.VIII:C antibody‐positive Elisa results and positive BU were found in 7 hemophilia A patients and the 2 patients with a history of acquired F.VIII:C antibodies. Positive Elisa results and negative BU were found in 1 hemophilia A patient and 25 out of 460 nonhemophilia A patients (5.43%) suggesting F.VIII:C antibodies without inhibitory potency on F.VIII:C in these cases. The Elisa method proved to be suitable for F.VIII:C antibody screening in hemophilia and nonhemophilia patients. The Elisa protocol is easy to reproduce.
Loss of Red Blood Cell Viability Associated with Limited Thermal Inactivation of Extracellular HIV‐1
Authors: Stromberg R.R. , Kuypers F.A. , Sawyer L. , Friedman L.I. , Cole M. , Tran K. , Hanson C.V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effects of incubation at mildly elevated temperatures on HIV‐1 inactivation and in vitro red blood cell properties were investigated. Red cells (55% Hct) were leukodepleted (3 log10) by filtration, maintained at 45 or 47°C for 4 or 8 h, and then stored at 4°C. Hemolysis was twice that of controls after 42‐day storage for samples treated for 4 h at 45°C, and five times larger for samples heated at 47°C. There was also a significant increase in the rate of potassium loss, an early decrease in ATP levels, and an initial drop in pH for samples treated at either temperature. Larger differences were observed for samples exposed to these elevated temperatures for 8 h. Osmotic deformability curves obtained by ektacytometry showed dramatic decreases in red cell deformability at both temperatures and for both time periods. HIV‐1 inactivation in red cells treated at 45°C (approximately 0.25 log10/h) was considerably less than that obtained in tissue culture medium (1–2 log10/h). Since the decrease in red cell deformability is likely to indicate reduced red cell function and survival, and the rate of HIV‐1 inactivation is low, mild heat treatment is not an adequate process for viral inactivation of red cell products.
Antibody Fc Functional Activity of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations Treated with Solvent‐Detergent for Virus Inactivation
Authors: Yang† Y.H. Joy , Ngo Catherine , Yeh Iehwee Ng , Uemura Yahiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report here results of in vitro comparisons of the Fc functional activity of a second‐generation intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) preparation (Venoglobulin®‐I) and a third‐generation IGIV product that includes a deliberate virus‐inactivation step (Venoglobulin®‐S). Both formulations showed equivalent Fc‐mediated function against viral antigens (rubella, influenza A, and influenza B) by single‐radial hemolysis test, and against group B Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by opsonophagocytosis assay. In addition, we showed by three different immunochemical reactions and by HPLC analysis that both preparations consisted of mostly monomeric IgG and contained very low levels of complement‐fixing IgG aggregates. However, IgG aggregation induced by heating at 63°C markedly enhanced fixation of C1q and C3 and binding to Raji cells, indicating that the IgG molecules retained their complement‐fixing capacity. Thus, the incorporation of a virus inactivation step in the manufacture of our third‐generation IGIV did not alter the Fc functional activities of the IgG, as measured by these in vitro assay systems.
Transfusion‐Associated Respiratory Distress in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Marie , Chen Chi‐Ching , Hong Ching‐Chih , Lin Wei‐Shun , Cheng Yu‐Ping 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTransfusion‐associated respiratory distress occurred more often in the past in Taiwan but recently only very rarely. From the results of our studies it would appear that the former cases did not represent immune reactions involving red blood cells, serum proteins (especially IgA), HLA or granulocyte‐specific antigens. Other causes, such as improper handling of the blood units may have been involved, but further study is also needed to investigate the possibility of the role of cytokine release from leukocytes or other factors. In addition, it appears that both plasma and serum obtained by recalcification of plasma may cause false‐positive reactions in the granulocyte microagglutination test.
Nanofiltration, a New Specific Virus Elimination Method Applied to High‐Purity Factor IX and Factor XI Concentrates
Authors: Burnouf‐Radosevich M. , Appourchaux P. , Huart J.J. , Burnouf T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have validated the use of two new regenerated multilayered structured cellulose membranes (BMM), Planova 15 N and Planova 35 N, with respective mean pore sizes of 15 and 35 nm, as a new filtration system to eliminate viruses in highly purified factor IX and factor XI concentrates. Virus spiking experiments indicated that single dead‐end filtration on the membranes could remove more than 5.7–7.8 log10 of human immunodeficiency virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, porcine pseudorabies virus, reovirus type 3, and simian virus 40, as well as the small non‐enveloped viruses, poliovirus Sabin type 1 and bovine parvovirus. In vitro control tests and animal studies (Wessler stasis model, rat hypotension model) of the two concentrates did not reveal any significant differences with the non‐nanofiltered material. Viral filtration of plasma derivatives on porous polymeric membranes might be an essential step in the improvement of their viral safety.
Evaluation of Apheresis Platelet Concentrates Collected with a Reduced (30‐ml) Collection Chamber with Resuspension and Storage in a Synthetic Medium
Authors: Holme S. , Heaton W.A. , Smith K.T. , Buchholz D.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecently, the CS‐3000® Plus Blood Cell Separator with the TNX‐6 platelet separation chamber insert has been furnished with a small‐volume (30‐ml) collection chamber. In this study, a platelet synthetic medium containing glucose and bicarbonate (PSM) was used for resuspension and storage of this highly concentrated platelet product. Eighteen donors participated in a paired study design where each participant donated platelets on two occasions, once following collection in a standard chamber with resuspension and storage in plasma and once following collection in the new chamber with resuspension and storage in PSM. Substantially higher total platelet counts were obtained using platelets collected in the small chamber and stored in PSM as compared to control (4.4±0.9times1011 vs. 3.5±0.9times1011 platelets, p<0.01 by paired t test). After 5 days of storage, PSM‐stored platelets demonstrated higher ATP levels, less lactate dehydrogenase in the supernatant and increased lactate production with resulting lower pH at day 5 of storage (6.94±0.15 vs. 7.08±0.09, p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences of the survival by multiple‐hit estimation of PSM‐stored as compared to plasma‐stored platelets as determined by 111In labeling and infusion. A slight decrease in the initial percent recovery with the additive‐suspended as compared to suspended plasma cells was noted: 50±8 versus 54±9%, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, the CS‐3000 Plus/TNX‐6 apheresis system with a new reduced‐volume collection chamber and an additive solution provides a plasma‐poor and highly concentrated platelet product with satisfactory in vivo viability and in vitro functional characteristics after 5 days of storage.
Incidence of Post‐Transfusion Hepatitis before and after Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Antibody
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Jen , Lee Shou‐Dong , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Chan Cho‐Yu , Chow Mo‐Ping , Lai Shiau‐Ting , Lo Kwang‐Juei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo evaluate the effectiveness of screening test for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV), the incidence of acute post‐transfusion HCV infection in patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and received blood transfusion was studied. All patients were followed prospectively with serum biochemistry tests and viral hepatitis markers before and periodically for at least 6 months after cardiovascular surgery. None of them had history of liver disease and none tested positive for anti‐HCV prior to blood transfusion. Before blood donors were screened for anti‐HCV with a second‐generation HCV diagnostic kit, 28 (12.4%) of 226 patients or 0.49% of 5,690 unit transfusion had seroconverted to anti‐HCV during a 6‐month follow‐up. The incidence of post‐transfusion hepatitis (PTH) C in 91 patients who had received 1–12 units transfusion was significantly lower than in 135 patients who had received more than 12 units transfusion (6.6 vs. 16.3%, p<0.05). However, none of the 87 transfused patients, since anti‐HCV screening in July 1992, developed PTH C (p<0.05). The result demonstrates that screening for anti‐HCV by a more sensitive second‐generation HCV diagnostic assay may protect the patients studied from PTH C. It further provides a firm argument for the necessity of a nation‐wide blood donor screening.
Effect of Filtration on Subsequently Stored Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Joustra‐Dijkhuis A.M. , Boomgaard M.N. , Pietersz R.N.I. , Steneker I. , de Korte D. , Loos J.A. , Reesink H.W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of filtration on the quality of platelet concentrates (PC) during storage was investigated. Two leukocyte depletion filters (Pall PL50HF and Sepacell PL‐10A) were applied to filter PC made from a pool of 4 buffy coats. For each experiment 3 PC were pooled and divided into 3 identical PC to eliminate differences between the PC. Two PC were filtered, and the third PC served as an unfiltered control. A total of 12 experiments was performed. Before filtration, volumes of the PC were 263±11.7 ml (mean±SD). Platelet and leukocyte counts per PC were 241±25.9 times 109 and 7.2±1.8 times 106, respectively. After filtration leukocyte counts did not exceed 5 times 104 in any of the PC. In the PC filtered with the Pall PL50HF the mean platelet loss was approximately 14% and with the Sepacell PL‐10A, 17%. During a 9‐day storage period the pH, PO2, PCO2, bicarbonate, lactate and glucose concentration and LDH release as well as the morphology, examined by the swirling effect and microscopically, were not significantly different in filtered and unfiltered units. Filtration through the 2 investigated leukocyte depletion filters for PC did not adversely affect in vitro viability of the platelets during storage.
Cortisol and Heart Rate Changes in First‐ and Fourth‐Time Donors
Authors: Bellitti P. , Valeriano R. , Gasperi M. , Sodini L. , Barletta D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt is well‐known that during blood donation some subjects experience mild, moderate, or severe stress reactions. The frequency of these reactions is higher in first‐time donors than in experienced ones. However, hormonal variations might nevertheless be present in subjects who show no clinical reaction. Cortisol is the hormone classically involved in response to stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate cortisol behavior in blood donors who did not manifest clinical reaction. Cortisol was studied before and after the first and fourth blood donation in 20 blood donors, aged 25–45 years. Blood pressure and heart rate were also evaluated. Plasma cortisol concentrations decreased during the first (from 202.6±9.2 ng/ml at ‐15 min, to 147.5±8.0 ng/ml, at +30 min; p<0.001), but not during the fourth (142.5±7 ng/ml vs. 153.0±10.1 ng/ml) blood donation; blood pressure remained stable throughout donations, while the heart rate significantly decreased (from 78 to 68 beats/min; p<0.001) only during the first experience. The increased cortisol levels observed before the first donation are apparently due to emotional components, since they were not observed in experienced donors. We may conclude that blood donation per se is not a stressful event and that moderate stress, as suggested by the increased cortisol levels and heart rate at the first donation, is secondary to emotional rather than to physical factors and occurs during a never‐experienced‐before event.
The Therapeutic Value of HPA‐1a‐Negative Platelet Transfusion in Post‐Transfusion Purpura Complicated by Life‐Threatening Haemorrhage
Authors: Win Nay , Peterkin M.A. , Watson W.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPost‐transfusion purpura (PTP) was diagnosed in a female patient 1 week after transfusion for hysterectomy. Despite treatment with oral steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, platelet counts remained low, and the patient developed profuse rectal bleeding. Random platelet transfusion is reported to be ineffective in PTP. We report a case in which the transfusion of HPA‐1a negative platelets provided good increment and clinical haemostasis before intravenous immunoglobulin could have had an effect.