bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DECISION—RULE TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING ACADEMIC SUCCESS
Authors: Hunt A. W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to illustrate an application of a quantitative decision‐rule strategy which incorporates the Wald classification statistic. An empirical example of this classification technique using data obtained from The University of Texas at Austin Measurement and Evaluation Center is presented. This study originated as an attempt to illustrate the usefulness of this infrequently used statistical technique as a practical tool for “predicting” academic performance. A method for measuring the operational effectiveness of the decision‐rule used is also illustrated. This study emphasizes classification as an important part of statistical analysis and focuses on the Wald classification statistic to illustrate one type of problem for which it is suitable.
AN EVALUATION OF TWO MODELS OF UNDERGRADUATE STATISTICS
Authors: Brightman Harvey J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper reports on a large scale evaluation of two alternative models of undergraduate statistics courses. The traditional course orientation was compared with a problem‐solving orientation in which the emphasis was on real world problem‐solving, during the winter and spring quarters of 1973–74. The evaluation battery included behavioral and problem‐solving skill measures. The findings indicate that improvements in statistics programs can be made.
USING COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY TO REDUCE THE BACK‐OUT RATE IN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Hise Richard T. , Smith Ephraim P. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSchools of Business are interested in improving the quantity and quality of their undergraduate enrollments. For this reason, they often contact applicants who have been accepted in order to make them feel welcome. Telephone calls, follow‐up letters and other devices are employed. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that these should have a positive effect on the percentage of applicants who follow through and actually attend classes, but no empirical evidence exists to prove or disprove this hypothesis. This study reports on the results obtained when two dissonance reducing techniques, a follow‐up letter and a copy of a school of business newsletter, were used to increase the percentage of applicants matriculating for the fall semester. These techniques were not successful in achieving this objective and, instead, may have been counter productive.
A COMPUTER LANGUAGE FOR MATHEMATICAL PROGRAM FORMULATION
Authors: Mills Ronald E. , Fetter Robert B , Averill Richard F. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTUsing a Conversational Modelling Language (CML), a special computer language has been implemented to allow the specification of mathematical programming models and their parameterization. The language has been designed to be “natural” in the mathematical programming context and to include interfaces with computer routines, such as MPSX, for optimization. Features implemented include equation writing, preparation of computer input, automatic checking and removal of redundancies, and the ability to display solutions given sufficient specification of decision variables. Examples of the use of the language in building interactive decision support systems are given.
AN ASSIGNMENT APPROACH TO CHOOSING R&D EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Bernardo John J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe criteria upon which R&D experiments are evaluated are subjective; therefore in practice it is extremely difficult to obtain a series of weights so that the trade‐offs between the various criterion can be analyzed. The problem is compounded when the experiments represent basic research and no prior history is available for utility estimation. This paper presents a graph‐theoretic interpretation of the selection process based only on the rank‐order of the alternatives thus eliminating the need for utility estimation. Index numbers are then obtained as the solution of an integer program. An application and the theoretical foundations of the procedure are discussed.
CURRICULUM DESIGN AND EVALUATION: INCORPORATING STUDENT PERSPECTIVES ON MAJORS AND CAREERS
Authors: Homans Richard E. , Sargent William S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper the authors discuss the curriculum evaluation process. The use of student inputs to this process is supported. A demonstration is given of a methodology for analyzing student attitudes towards areas of study in the curriculum, and their perceptions of the relations between those areas of study and the job market.
AXIOMATIC CONJOINT MEASUREMENT
Authors: Barron F. Hutton 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper is a tutorial on axiomatic conjoint measurement. It summarizes recent developments, illustrates the use of these developments in investigating ordinal data relations, relates axiomatic and numerical scaling procedures, describes previous applications of conjoint measurement, and suggests future applications in the decision sciences. Emphasis is placed on the contributions axiomatic conjoint measurement could make to the analyses of ordinal data structures.
A CASE IN ON‐LINE DECISION ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCT PLANNING1
Authors: Ulvila Jacob W. , Brown Rex V. , Packard Karle S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis report presents an application of quantitative decision‐analytic techniques to consider an opportunity for capital investment in a new product.Decision analysis is a well‐established technique for evaluating major decisions in which substantial resources and time are available for the analysis and the problem is definitely formulated at the outset. This case study, however, illustrates how decision‐analytic techniques can be used on‐line to improve decision making in a situation in which time and resources are limited, and the manager's perception of the problem changes in response to feedback from the analysis.The basic decision problem was whether or not the AIL division of Cutler‐Hammer, Incorporated should purchase a six‐month option on a flight‐safety system patent. The president of AIL had only a few weeks in which to make a decision.The analytic approach focused on a probabilistic discounted earnings model. This model was refined over a two‐week period through a sequence of iterations which incorporated the results of both direct and indirect assessments of probabilities and values.The analysis affected the company's decision process by providing a vehicle for structuring the ongoing communication between AIL's president and his advisors, and by focusing their attention on the most important issues. In the end, the analysis facilitated a unanimous decision from the decision‐making group not to purchase the option, but to consider participating in the license as a subcontractor at a later date. This strategy had not been considered at the outset.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PRIORITY SCHEDULING IN A BANK CHECK PROCESSING OPERATION
Authors: Moore Laurence J. , Taylor Bernard W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a simulation study which was undertaken to determine if float could be significantly reduced by altering a bank's check‐processing priority assignments. Float, the dollar value of check payments not yet collected from parent banks, represents a significant opportunity cost in terms of lost interest income to receiving banks. The study consisted of a comparison of a major city bank's present checksorting decision rules based on minimization of check handling, versus a proposed sorting scheme based on dollar magnitudes of checks. The reults of the research indicated that float could be substantially reduced and interest income increased by employing the proposed priority of scheduting rules.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF AN APPROACH FOR EVALUATING MULTIATTRIBUTE ALTERNATIVES
Authors: Sarin Rakesh K. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper the results of an extensive simulation study are reported to provide empirical evidence on the Evaluation and Bound approach. Some rules for implementing the procedure interactively on a computer are also examined and compared experimentally. The results suggest that the Evaluation and Bound procedure, in conjunction with an appropriate strategy of implementing it, would reduce considerably the information requirement of the decision maker in the choice of a preferred multiattribute alternative.
THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING SAMPLE SIZE ON THE ALPHA AND BETA ERRORS: A PEDAGOGIC NOTE
Authors: Tsang Herbert H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis note discusses a theoretical peculiarity about the interrelationships between the sample size and the two types of decision errors in hypothesis testing theory. It is shown that for a given decision rule, while the alpha error invariably diminishes as the sample size becomes larger, the beta error could increase for certain values of the parameter under the alternative hypothesis.
AN APPROACH FOR IMPROVED INTERPRETATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS *
Authors: Perreault William D. , Spiro Rosann L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method, canonical rotation analysis, which facilitates the substantive interpretation of results in multivariate analysis. Canonical rotation analysis is developed as a model which integrates multivariate least squares approaches and the varimax rotation criterion. The generalized applicability of the model to canonical correlation, multiple discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance is developed. The advantages and limitations of canonical rotation analysis are discussed and illustrated in the context of an industrial marketing research problem.
MARKET STRUCTURE, OPPONENT BEHAVIOR, AND INFORMATION IN A MARKET GAME
Authors: Wolf Gerrit , Shubik Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn experimental duopoly game was used to test the effects of market structure, opponent behavior, and information about opponent behavior in the game. Rational behavior would be responsive only to market structure. Problem‐solving behavior would be responsive to all three factors. Results showed that decision behavior was responsive to all three factors in interaction as well as reponsive to interactive effects of time.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN BUSINESS FORECASTING: THE WIENER‐KOLMOGOROV METHOD *
Authors: Chan K. Hung , Hayya Jack C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to introduce the Wiener‐Kolmogorov (WK) method to business researchers and to applied workers who have an interest in spectral techniques. It is seen that the advantage of the WK method is that it provides better forecasts than autoregressive regression analysis when the order of the true autoregressive process is large. The paper outlines the steps involved in the WK method. Also discussed is a labor‐saving feature to guide one at the outset as to whether the WK algorithm should be used. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the method in time‐series forecasting.
TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS IN THE DECISION SCIENCES: THE USE OF STUDENT EVALUATIONS
Authors: Peterson Robert A. , Kerin Roger A. , Martin Warren S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article presents the results of an AIDS‐sponsored investigation of teaching effectiveness in the decision sciences. Two national samples were employed in the study: a sample of 247 business school deans and a sample of 3,292 students from 32 different business schools. Included among the findings are that 87 percent of the deans responding indicate they require some sort of faculty teaching effectiveness evaluation, and that great care must be exercised when interpreting student ratings of an individual instructor's teaching effectiveness.
A CHANCE‐CONSTRAINED GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR BANK LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Keown Arthur J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe bank liquidity‐management model presented herein is formulated as a chance‐constrained goal programming model thus allowing uncertainty to be incorporated into a lexicographic solution of the problem. This model plans both for the reserve‐short and reserve‐excess bank, describing appropriate investment or disinvestment action during the computation period. The testing of the model was performed on two banks, one a small rural bank with assets of about $25 million, and the other a large metropolitan bank with assets well in excess of $1 billion, with the actual bank results and the prescribed strategy of the model being compared over a one‐year period. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed on the model, providing valuable information concerning the risk‐return relationships associated with each management goal. It is hoped that this model will provide bankers with both an effective diagnostic and operational tool in the development of liquidity‐management planning decisions.
REPLICATION OF A CHOICE MODEL
Authors: Stanton John L. , Lowenhar Jeffrey A. , Shaw Eric 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis study provides an operational replication of a proposed multiattribute choice model. The necessity of replication in the decision sciences in general and in consumer behavior in particular is discussed. Several alternative forms of multiattribute choice models are considered. Results are supportive of earlier efforts in this area.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF LECTURE AND COMPUTER‐AIDED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CLASSES
Authors: Tsai San‐Yun W. , Pohl Norval F. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a study of the differences in student learning achievement (as measured by four different types of common performance evaluation techniques) in a computer programming course under three teaching/learning environments: lecture, computer‐aided instruction, and lecture supplemented with computer‐aided instruction. Detailed descriptions are included of the measurement instruments used to evaluate student learning achievement.The analysis of variance, randomized blocks design, detected significant differences among treatment groups (teaching/learning environments) when student learning achievement was measured by two of the evaluation techniques.Implications of the results of this and related studies are detailed and include a consideration of student attitude toward CAI and the cost structure of CAI relative to that of the traditional lecture/discussion format.
LEAST SQUARES VERSUS MINIMUM ABSOLUTE DEVIATIONS ESTIMATION IN LINEAR MODELS
Authors: Wilson Hoyt G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTPrevious research has indicated that minimum absolute deviations (MAD) estimators tend to be more efficient than ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators in the presence of large disturbances. Via Monte Carlo sampling this study investigates cases in which disturbances are normally distributed with constant variance except for one or more outliers whose disturbances are taken from a normal distribution with a much larger variance. It is found that MAD estimation retains its advantage over OLS through a wide range of conditions, including variations in outlier variance, number of regressors, number of observations, design matrix configuration, and number of outliers. When no outliers are present, the efficiency of MAD estimators relative to OLS exhibits remarkably slight variation.
A SIMULATION MODEL OF PATRONAGE BEHAVIOR WITHIN SHOPPING CENTERS
Authors: Crask Melvin R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a micro‐analytic store choice model which eliminates the assumptions of homogeneity of stores and homogeneity of shoppers found in earlier models. The model simulates individual shopping trips within a shopping center and was successful in predicting the stores chosen by a sample of shopping center patrons. Two earlier models were also tested, but the proposed model performs better than either of the simpler models. Besides its predictive value, the model suggests a number of strategic implications for retailers and shopping center developers and provides a methodology that may be useful in other areas of behavioral research.
OPTIMIZING AND SATISFICING IN STOCHASTIC COST‐VOLUME‐PROFIT ANALYSIS
Authors: Ismail Badr E. , Louderback Joseph G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines some of the implications of introducing penalties for output not equalling demand by employing a general stochastic model for a firm facing an uncertain demand with a known probability density function. Several alternative objectives of the firm are considered: (1) maximization of expected profits; (2) maximization of the probability of achieving a particular target level of profits; and (3) maximization of target profits, given a target level of the probability of their being achieved. It is shown that the resulting probability density function of profits is not well defined. The shape and location of the function depend on the relative magnitudes of the model parameters and the output decision. Several important implications of this result for cost‐volume‐profit analysis are discussed.
MODELING THE TIME DISTRIBUTION OF RECIDIVISM: APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM PLANNING
Authors: Liechenstein Michael I. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTExisting criminal justice system models give scant attention to the timing of recidivism, a key system phenomenon. Using statistical techniques, several aggregate exponential models for recidivism are developed that extend earlier work. Published empirical data permit calibration and comparison with the model's results. Discussion of the model's rationale and possible refinement is accompanied by suggested planning and policy uses.
THE USE OF ARCS AND NODES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL PATHS IN PERT/CPM NETWORKS
Authors: Koehler Anne B. , McClure Richard H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe critical path in a PERT/CPM network is determined in various textbooks by finding the path with associated minimal slack for the network arcs or by finding the path with associated minimal slack for the network nodes. This paper points out that the use of nodes can result in a network path being incorrectly identified as a path of maximum length.
UTILITY MODELS FOR MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISIONS: DO THEY ACCURATELY REPRESENT HUMAN PREFERENCES?*
Authors: Fischer Gregory W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTRecent developments in multiattribute utility (MAU) theory in principle provide a formal basis for applying optimization methods to decision problems involving multiple competing objectives. In practice, MAU models and procedures are rarely applied. This paper is addressed to one major source of reluctance to employ these methods; namely, the belief that they cannot accurately reflect the structure of human preferences. This objection to MAU modeling procedures is inherently empirical. In fact, a large body of psychological research has been addressed to this question. This paper examines the relationship between formal MAU theory and the relevant psychological literature. A critical evaluation of this psychological research suggests that a variety of approaches to MAU modeling will typically yield valid mathematical representations of the preferences of individual decision makers.
CONSISTENT RANKINGS BASED ON TOTAL AND DIFFERENTIAL AMOUNTS UNDER UNCERTAINTY*
Authors: Ekern Steiner , Bøhren ØSyvind 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTRankings of decision alternatives based on total and on differential monetary amounts may in general be inconsistent under uncertainty. In the following cases, either approach is valid and hence yields consistent rankings: (i) with expected values, provided that the differential amounts have been coherently determined and are constant within states (but may differ across states); (ii) with exponential utility functions if the shared and differential amounts are statistically independent; or (iii) in a market valuation context, assuming diversification and implicit separate market values for differential and shared amounts.
INQUIRY METHOD, GOAL DIFFICULTY, AND CONTEXT EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE
Authors: Cosier Richard A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe decision‐making in this study compares the performance of the dialectical inquiry (DI) and the devil's advocate (DA) techniques. In addition, the task was structured to include three levels of goal difficulty and three decision‐making contexts. Over all contexts, there were no significant differences between the DI and DA methods. When the DI technique was employed, however, the context of the decision appeared to be an important factor. The goal‐difficulty factor was associated with significant effects on decision quality only when individuals were divided according to their perceptions of goal relevancy and meaning. Finally, the order in which the contexts were considered was important.
IMPORTANCE OF HYPOTHESES: GROUP COMPARISON ANALYSIS
Authors: Wolf Gerrit , Bassler John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA method is presented for measuring the importance of a mean‐difference hypothesis and for a set of such hypotheses. The method is based on the population prediction uncertainty associated with the models for the alternative and null hypotheses. Previous methods for ANOVA designs are special cases of the method presented here. The method is demonstrated showing its flexibility for the analysis of mean‐difference hypotheses. The method encourages tests of meaningful research hypotheses rather than fitting the hypotheses to the method.
MARKET PENETRATION AND LOCATIONAL CONFLICT IN FRANCHISE SYSTEMS*
Authors: Zeller Richard E. , Achabal Dale D. , Brown Lawrence A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the questions of market penetration and locational conflict in a franchise system of distribution. The models developed provide a means to evaluate alternative scenarios and the effects of various franchise policies. It is shown that the market penetration and location goals of the members of a franchise system coincide only under a very limited set of circumstances.
EFFECTS OF GROUPING INFORMATION ON DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK*
Authors: Behling Orlando , Gifford William E. , Tolliver James M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ability of decision makers to deal with information in terms of category labels rather than as precise data points is hypothesized as an explanation of how complex choices are made within the limits imposed by human information‐processing capacity. Twenty‐five decision makers placed bets under varying conditions of grouping of cues (probability of winning/losing, amount to be won, amount to be lost) as a test of this hypothesis. The results indicate that experimental pre‐grouping of cues has: (1) a statistically significant but practically unimportant impact on amounts bet; (2) no statistically significant effect on number of different bets made; and (3) no statistically significant effect on the fit of the bets to those predicted by an expected value model, except when grouping categories are very wide. These results support the contention that decision making occurs through the manipulation of category labels rather than exact values. Study of processes by which numerous exact cues are reduced to a smaller number of category labels is suggested as a complement to the study of sequential processing of alternatives, satisficing, the use of heuristics, and other means by which human beings make complex choices with limited cognitive capacity.