bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicology screening patterns in hamilton county, ohio: Review of 1,710 comprehensive drug screens in five area hospitals
Authors: Merigian Kevin S. , Schroeder Timothy J. , Tasset Jerry J. , Pesce Amadeo J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis retrospective study evaluated the results of comprehensive drug screens ordered in five local emergency departments; a university hospital, the Children's Hospital, the Veterans' Administration Hospital, and two community hospitals.Four groups of drugs provided over 50% of positive screens–benzodiazepines, analgesics, opiates, and alcohols. Incidence of positive screens for analgesics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, opiates, stimulants, and tricyclic antidepressant varied among the institutions. The university and Children's Hospitals ordered the largest number of patient visits in their emergency departments.These results suggested that area hospitals have different toxicological patterns, and modifying comprehensive screens could be more cost‐effective on overdose patients. We retrospectively examined 60 screens which were ordered on patients at the University. We calculated an increased positive incidence and decreased cost per patient if screens were ordered on a “clinical panel” basis verses a total “comprehensive” basis. We conclude that clinical guidance will increase the incidence of positive screen results, be more cost‐effective, and provide useful information to the ordering physician.
Detection of human T‐Cell lymphotropic virus Type‐I provirus DNA by in vitro enzymatic amplification
Authors: Fujii Nobuyuki , Ogasawara Masanori , Ito Satoru , Tara Mitsutoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor the detection of the HTLV‐I provirus genomic DNA, we applied the polymerase‐chain‐reaction (PCR) dot‐blot assay system developed by Saiki et al. (14). DNA sequences coding the p24 in the gag region were chosen as targets to be amplified.We checked genomic DNAs extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of five adult T‐cell leukemia patients, one HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy (HAM) patient, four asymptomatic carriers, and five normal individuals as negative controls. Although carriers sometimes showed low antibody titers in the particle‐agglutination test and revealed faint banding patterns in Western‐blot analysis, the PCR dot‐blot assay system can clearly detect the HTLV‐I provirus DNA. Furthermore, all data obtained with the specimens tested were confirmed by the PCR oligomer‐restriction (OR) procedure.The PCR dot‐blot assay system is simple and rapid for the detection of the target DNA sequence, although it does not provide useful additional information, as does the Southern‐blot analysis. Therefore, it can be considered to be a powerful analytical system for the confirmation of HTLV‐I infections.
Serum Concentration of Chorionic Gonadotropin‐like Substance and Luteinizing Hormone in Children Measured by Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Yano Koichi , Okuno Akimasa , Hashida Seiichi , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)‐like substance and human luteinizing hormone (hLH) in healthy children aged 4–17 years were measured by sensitive enzyme immunoassay techniques. In enzyme immunoassay for hCG‐like substance, minimal cross‐reaction with hLH was observed. In enzyme immunoassay for hLH, there was a considerable cross‐reaction with hCG. However, serum levels of hCG‐like substance were below 0.08 IU/liter or less than one fourth of serum hLH levels. Therefore, values obtained for serum hLH levels were considered to be reliable. Serum levels of hCG‐like substance increased with increasing ages in some children, with the highest level 0.23 IU/liter in a male aged 14 years. Serum hLH levels were 0.02–0.7 IU/liter in children aged 4–8 years, elevated during the ages of 9 to 11 years, reaching the range of 3–27 IU/liter in children aged 12–17 years. The sensitive enzyme immunoassay technique used in this study will be useful for the detection of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in children.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from aids patients release but do not respond to antigen‐stimulated NK‐activating lymphokines
Authors: Lapham Cheryl K. , Sacks Leonard V. , Tomar Russell H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that streptococcal product (SP) extracted from the culture supernatants of Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 augments NK activity, partly by inducing the release of soluble factors from mononuclear cells. In this study we use SP as an NK stimulant to investigate the mechanism of NK depression in AIDS.We demonstrate that the NK activity of AIDS patients is lower than normal controls and can be significantly enhanced with SP, although not to control levels. The decreased cytotoxicity in AIDS is not due to a depletion of NK cells, nor to the depletion of lymphokines from CD4 cells that are directly involved in NK cell activation. PBMCs from patients with AIDS respond to SP, producing normal levels of NK‐en‐hancing substances in their supernatants. However, upon examining the ability of SP‐induced supernatants from control cells to augment the NK activity of cells from AIDS patients, we find significantly less activity in AIDS cells than in control cells, suggesting an intrinsic effector dysfunction of NK cells in AIDS.
Evaluation of enhanced luminescence immunoenzymometric assays (lia) for ferritin and free T4
Authors: Armbruster David A. , Jirinzu David C. , Williams John V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Amerlite enhanced luminescence immunoenzymometric assays (LIA) for ferritin and free T4 (FT4) have been evaluated. The LIA assay system employs a two‐site binding approach in which one antibody is coated on the interior of plastic microtiter wells and another antibody, or antigen, is tagged with horseradish peroxidase (HRPO). Signal, proportional to the amount of patient analyte, is produced when the HRPO catalyzes the oxidation of luminol resulting in light production. The light signal is increased in magnitude by the incorporation of an enhancing agent which also greatly prolongs the lifetime of the signal. Light production is monitored by an automated luminometer which uses a stored calibration curve to calculate patient results.FT4 within‐run coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 2.7% to‐ 6.6%; day‐to day CVs from 6% to 15.5% for three levels of control. Sensitivity is 0.03 ng/dl. T3 concentrations up to 8 ng/ml produced no cross‐reactivity. Dilutional linearity was exhibited. Lipemia and icterus produced positive interferences. Linear regression analysis of Amerlite and radioimmunoassay (RIA) FT4 values yielded the following values: Amerlite = 0.63 RIA ‐ 0.2, r = .87, n = 79.Ferritin within‐run CVs ranged from 4.9% to 10.5%; day‐to‐day CVs from 5.8‐12.5% for three levels of control. Sensitivity is less than 1 ng/ml. Recoveries ranged from 93% to 106% (av. = 99.4%). Dilutional linearity was exhibited. Lipemia caused a positive interference; hemoglobin caused a negative interference. Linear regression analysis of Amerlite and RIA ferritin values yielded the following values: Amerlite = 1.0 RIA + 11.1, r = .96, n = 55.
Functional and metabolic heterogeneity among normal neutrophil subpopulations
Authors: Smith Duane M. , Hanes Beverly , Johnson June A. , Turner Robert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, normal human peripheral blood neutrophils were separated into sub‐populations by centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll density gradients and further characterized according to various functional and metabolic capabilities. Chemotaxis was measured in response to optimal concentrations (20 nM) of the chemotactic peptide N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP). According to a population ratio analysis, the majority of cells that contain the highest proportion of fast migrating cells are isolated between the densities of 1.093 and 1.096 gm/ml. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was also determined in neutrophil subpopulations. On initial density gradients, cells isolated from 1.084–1.087 gm/ml and incubated in the presence of exogenous [3H]AA produce 50% of the total [3H]LTB4 produced in response to ionophore A23187 stimulation; whereas after prelabeling with [3H]AA for 2 hr at 37°C the cells between 1.087 and 1.093 gm/ml are the most active at both releasing [3H]AA from the cellular phospholipids and synthesizing [3H]LTB4 (dpm/cell). These studies demonstrate the significant functional and metabolic heterogeneity that exists among normal neutrophil subpopulations.
Serum level of cryptic tumor antigens in breast cancer patients as determined by two monoclonal antibodies (m85/f36) and its comparison with ca 15‐3
Authors: Ming T. , Constantine Rodric , Nemoto Takuma 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme immunoassay system that measures cryptic epitopes on breast cancer mucinlike antigens (BCM‐EIA) was evaluated in a double‐blind manner in sera from 58 normal blood donors, 36 sex‐ and age‐matched controls, 36 patients with benign breast diseases, and 47 patients with breast cancer. Two murine monoclonal antibodies, M85 (IgM) as the solid‐phase and F36122 (lgG3) as the probe, were used in the configuration of the assay kit. The assay additionally utilized neuraminidase to remove terminal sialic acid from carbohydrate side‐chains to expose cryptic epitopes that were masked in serum specimens. BCM‐EIA monoclonal assay from the normal healthy blood donors resulted in 17.34 ± 7.04 units/ml (mean ± 1 S.D.) with an upper normal cutoff of 31.4 units/ml. The distributions of serum BCM in the sex‐ and age‐matched controls (17.77 ± 11.17) and benign breast diseases (14.34 2 11.46) were similar to that of normal blood donors. A mean value of 66.04 units/ml and 27.74 units/ml was obtained from breast cancer patients with active disease and without evidence of disease, respectively, a level much greater than those of normals, controls, and benign breast diseases. Simultaneous analysis of CA 15‐3, a putative breast tumor marker, in the normal donors and breast cancer patients revealed correlation regression of (CA 15‐3) = 0.876 (BCM) + 1.972, r = 0.856; and (CA 15‐3) = 0.66 (BCM) + 16.094, r = 0.730, respectively. These data showed that there is a statistically significant correlation of CA 15‐3 and BCM in normal blood donors' specimens. However, such a strong and positive correlation canot be unequivocally established in breast cancer patients' specimens. In conclusion, the double‐blind evaluation of breast cancer patients revealed the feasibility and clinical potential of the assay. The favorable comparison of BCM with CA 15‐3 was encouraging. In addition, an excellent repeatability was obtained by 24 different paired and blind specimens supporting the technical reliability of the assay system. These initial results demonstrated that BCM is a potential serum marker parameter for breast cancer.
Quantitation of hiv‐1 rna in blood cells of arc and aids patients
Authors: Solomon Robert , Thompson James , Gillespie David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV‐1‐infected persons were mixed with 5 M guanidine thiocyanate, and HIV‐1‐specific probes were hybridized with target RNA directly in the lysate. No RNA purification was needed. Hybrids were purified by repeated capture on superparamagnetic beads coated with oligo(dT) in a device‐assisted format, a procedure termed “reversible target capture.” Blood mononuclear cells from 70 ARC and AIDS patients were examined and found to have an average of 1.8 × 105 molecules of HIV‐1 RNA per 2 × 106 cells.
Prolactin as a protective factor in stress‐induced biological changes
Authors: Drago Filippo , D'Agata Velia , Iacona Teresa , Spadaro Francesco , Grassi Michele , Valerio Carmela , Astuto Carmelo , Lauria Nunzio , Raffaele Rocco , Vitetta Matteo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe adenohypophyseal hormone prolactin (PRL) is released during stress of physical and psychological nature. In animals, this hormone facilitates adaptive behavior, induces analgesia, and enhances grooming behavior. It also reduces corticosterone secretion and the incidence of gastric ulcers induced by physical stress. It is possible that PRL plays a protective role against stress‐induced biological modifications in animals.
Evaluation of the ELISA test for detection of entamoeba histolytica in feces
Authors: Merino Elizabeth , Glender Walter , del Muro Ruben , Ortiz‐Ortiz Librado 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe clinical utility of an ELISA test with monoclonal antibodies to detect antigen of Entamoeba histolytica in feces was evaluated in 150 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Each subject was examined by rectosigmoidoscopy with rectal smear and/or a triple stool search for ova‐bacteria‐parasite (OBP); in addition, one stool sample was collected for the ELISA test. All the tests were independent and double blind. E. histolytica was detected by OBP and/or rectosigmoidoscopy in 66 patients; 61 patients had other parasites; and in 23, no parasites were identified. Of all patients, 116 were positive for the ELISA test. Of these, E. histolytica was identified in 52. In 47, other parasites were identified and in 17, no parasites were found. The ELISA test with a monoclonal antibody against E. histolytica antigen showed higher sensitivity than the standard diagnostic methods: the ability to detect the presence of E. hisrolytica antigen regardless of the destruction of the parasite or of the error due to misidentification of the parasite resulting from faulty preparation of the samples.
An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antitetanus toxoid antibody using aluminum‐absorbed coating antigen
Authors: Thiele G. M. , Rogers J. , Collins M. , Smith D. , McDonald T. L. , Yasuda N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antitetanus antibodies was developed using aluminum‐absorbed tetanus toxoid as the coating antigen. The assay was tested by measuring antitetanus antibody levels in serum obtained from subjects before and after immunization with the aluminum‐absorbed tetanus suspension. The specificity of the antibodies for tetanus antigen was tested both before and after antitetanus activity was removed with tetanus antigen–coated beads. Also, the activities of the sera were compared with those of a commercially available test. Our results indicated that the aluminum‐absorbed tetanus suspension can be coated onto standard polystyrene ELISA plates and used to measure antibody titers to tetanus toxoid.
Prostate‐specific antigen and prostate gland volume: Correlation and clinical application
Authors: Babaian R. Joseph , Evans Robert B. , Fritsche Herbert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied 103 patients seen in our Prostate Cancer Detection Clinic to determine whether a correlation exists between serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values and ultrasound‐calculated prostate gland volume. Seventy men (68%) had a PSA value ≤ ng/ml (our upper limit of normal). The men were subclassified by prostate gland volume at arbitrary break points. Twenty‐five men (24%) had a prostate gland volume ≤ 25 cm3; in 96%, the PSA value was ≤ 4 mg/ml. Further analysis revealed that the percentage of men with a normal serum PSA value decreased as the prostate gland volume increased; 65.6% of the group with a gland volume between 25 and 50 cm3 (40 of 61) and 35.5% of the group whose prostate volume exceeded 50 cm3 (6 of 17) had PSA values ≤4 ng/ml. Four men had PSA values ≥20 ng/ml; all had prostate cancer. Cancer was diagnosed in four additional patients, three with PSA values between 5 and 10 ng/ml and one with a PSA value <4 ng/ml. There appears to be a direct relationship between prostate gland volume and PSA value, as well as a cancer value threshold. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Mitogenic effect of interleukin‐2 on unstimulated human T cells: An editorial review
Authors: Mookerjee Basab K. , Pauly John L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe most salient feature of the lymphokine interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), a hormone‐like protein, is its ability to sustain the proliferation of immunocompetent T cells. Results of initial studies characterizing IL‐2 in vitro led investigators to conclude that IL‐2 had no known effects on lymphocytes that had not been previously activated by exposure to a mitogen or antigen. Several groups postulated that T cell growth required two signals. The first signal, delivered by a mitogen or antigen, induced T cell activation. Resting T cells, which were thought to lack the membrane receptor for interleukin‐2 (IL‐2R), progressed from the G0‐G1 phase to the S phase, during which time they converted from IL‐2R− to IL‐2R+ cells. Thereafter, the second signal, served by IL‐2, induced T cell proliferation of the tL‐2R+ cells. Recently, a number of investigators have demonstrated that highly purified preparations of both natural and recombinant IL‐2 induced high levels of T cell proliferation in the absence of any known mitogens or antigens. Presented herein is a review of these studies and an overview of the hypotheses of the mechanisms whereby IL‐2 alone induces T cell activation and proliferation.
Clinical assessment of the hitachi 736‐30 chemistry analyzer
Authors: Schotters Susan B. , McBride James H. , Rodgerson Denis O. , McGinley Margaret H. , Pisa Marilyn 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe assessed the Hitachi 736‐30 as a possible replacement for the SMAC I and as a laboratory cost‐saving measure. For 24 analytes, both intra‐ and interassay precisions were acceptable; they also had good measuring ranges. Essentially no interference from lipemia was observed, while minimal interference from bilirubin was demonstrated. Hemoglobin interfered in the measurement of 12 of the analytes. Correlation with the SMAC I, Demand, Astra‐8, ACA, and Varian Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was found to be acceptable, except for chloride which showed poor correlation with SMAC I and Astra‐8 (Hitachi = 0.888 [SMAC] + 11.102, r = 0.9652; Hitachi = 0.885 [Astra] + 10.264, r = 0.9136). The Hitachi 736‐30 offers reagent and method flexibility, high volume capability, and “walk‐away” operation.
Assay of follitropin and lutropin by fluorescence enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Armbruster David A. , Armbruster F. , Hawes Leah C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently developed fluorescent enzyme immunoassays (FEls) for follitropin (FSH) and lutropin (LH) designed for the Stratus analyzer were compared with a typical dual FSH‐LH radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure. The FEls use monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich reaction scheme similar to that of immunoradiometric procedures but with filter paper tabs rather than polystyrene beads and alkaline phosphatase as a tag instead of a radioisotope. Precision of the FEI was comparable with that of the RIA tests with CVs typically under 10%. The detection limit of the FSH test is 0.4 IU/L and that of the LH test is 0.6 IUIL. Measurable carryover exists but is clinically inconsequential. Neither assay exhibits total specificity, but the degree of cross‐reactivity is unlikely to be problematic in most situations. Recovery with the FSH assay was 103%, with the LH assay, it averaged 108%. Moderate amounts of bilirubin and triglycerides and gross hemolysis caused no significant interferences. Method comparison studies yielded the following: FEI for FSH, 1.16 RIA + 3.1, r = 0.97, n = 114; FEI for LH, 0.77 RIA ‐ 0.23, r = 0.96, n = 112. Difference analysis of the method comparison data revealed relatively poor agreement between the FEI tests and the dual RIA procedure. With the adoption of method‐specific normal reference ranges, the FEI tests offer attractive alternatives to radioisotopic FSH and LH assays.
Simplified solid‐phase immunobead assay for detection of ciguatoxin and related polyethers
Authors: Hokama Yoshitsugi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the development of a highly simplified solid‐phase colored latex immunobead assay for the detection of ciguatoxin and related polyethers. This procedure was compared with the stick enzyme immunoassay previously reported. Chi‐square analysis of two separate experiments on 153 and 283 fish of various species gave χ2 values of p < 0.001 and p < 0.005, respectively Agreement between the two procedures with 26 fish implicated in ciguatera poisoning was 100%. A preliminary assessment in the field showed encouraging results. The procedure appears to be simple and applicable to field use. Furthermore, this procedure should be applicable to other antibody‐antigen detections, especially low dalton determinations.
Detection of a case of pseudolymphocytosis due to cryoglobulins
Authors: Banfi G. , Grazioli V. , Dolci A. , Murone M. , Bonini P. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new type of interference of cryoglobulins on hemocytometric tests is described. The precipitation of temperature‐dependent proteins produced a pseudolymphocytosis on a three‐part differential leukocyte count of Coulter S‐Plus VI, whereas unaffected results, identical to the microscopical count, were obtained using the cytometer Coulter VCS. The laboratory detection of cryoglobulin interference on hematological data is very important in patients with underlying diseases, where the accuracy of absolute and differential leukocyte counts is critical for follow‐up. Histograms from the Coulter S‐Plus VI can help detect these cases.
Myeloid leukemia differentiation by phorbol ester and retinoic acid: A practical approach
Authors: Marques‐Silva V. M. , De Souza M. H. O. , Teieira M. C. L. , Arcuri R. A. , Rumjanek V. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of TPA (12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate) and RA (retinoic acid) were investigated on the cell lines HL60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) and K562 (erythro‐leukemia) and on cells from patients with several kinds of leukemia. There were 14 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 2 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 23 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (M1‐M7), 5 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis (CML‐BC) and 2 mixed leukemias. In almost all of the cases examined, after TPA exposure cells from patients with proven myeloid leukemia became adherent to the substrate, while lymphoid leukemia cells remained in suspension, allowing the differentiation of lymphoid from myeloid blasts. The only exception was in one case of CLL, which had cells that became adherent with long filamental projections. In addition, increased phagocytosis following TPA exposure permitted characterization of M7 as this was the only myeloid leukemia negative for phagocytosis. Further discrimination between the subtypes of myeloid leukemia could be based on the increased lysozyme production seen after TPA in M4 and M5. Es‐terase positivity allowed the discrimination of MI cells, which were negative before and after TPA treatment. In agreement with the results of other authors, TPA and RA led to independent ways of differentiation, granulocytic‐like lineage and monocytic‐like cells being favored by RA and TPA, respectively. The capacity of the same cell to differentiate into more than one lineage, depending on whether RA or TPA was used, was only seen in the present study with M3 cells. Our results show the usefulness of using differentiation inducers and functional tests together with morphology to elucidate the nature of leukemic cells.