bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are single‐parent families different from two‐parent families in the treatment of adolescent bulimia nervosa using family‐based treatment?
Authors: Doyle Angela Celio , McLean Carmen , Washington Blaine N. , Hoste Renee Rienecke , le Grange Daniel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine whether family‐based treatment (FBT) for adolescent bulimia nervosa (BN), which emphasizes family involvement in helping to reduce binge eating and purging behaviors, is differentially efficacious in single‐parent families versus two‐parent families.Method:Forty‐one adolescents (97.6% female; 16.0 ± 1.7 years old) with either BN (n = 18) or subthreshold BN (n = 23) were randomized to FBT as part of a larger randomized controlled trial studying treatments for adolescent BN.Results:Two‐parent (n = 27; 65.9%) and single‐parent (n = 14; 34.2%) families were compared on demographic variables, presence of comorbid psychiatric illnesses, and symptoms of BN at baseline, post, and 6‐month follow‐up. ANOVA and chi‐square analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between two‐parent and single‐parent families on any variables with the exception of ethnicity, for which a greater proportion of Caucasians and Hispanic families had two‐ parent families compared with African‐American families (χ2 = 8.68, p = .01).Discussion:These findings suggest that FBT may be an appropriate and efficacious treatment for single‐parent families as well as two‐parent families, despite the reliance on parental intervention to reduce bulimic symptoms and normalize eating patterns. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Mathematical Model of Growth and Heterologous Hantavirus Protein Production of the Recombinant Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sidorenko Y. , Antoniukas L. , Schulze‐Horsel J. , Kremling A. , Reichl U. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA segregated mathematical model was developed for the analysis and interpretation of cultivation data of growth of the recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on multiple substrates (glucose, maltose, pyruvate, ethanol, acetate, and galactose). The model accounts for substrate consumption, plasmid stability, and production level of a model protein, a modified nucleocapsid protein of the Puumala virus. Recombinant nucleocapsid proteins from different Hantaviruses have previously been demonstrated as suitable antigens for diagnostics as well as for sero‐epidemiological studies. The model is based on a system of 10 nonlinear ordinary differential equations and accounts for the influence of various factors, e.g., selective pressure for enhancing plasmid stability by formaldehyde or the toxic effects of the intracellular accumulation of the heterologous protein on cell growth and product yield. The model allows the growth of two populations of cells to be simulated: plasmid‐bearing and plasmid‐free yeast cells, which have lost the plasmid during cultivation. Based on the model, sensitivity studies in respect to parameter changes were performed. These enabled, for example, the evaluation of the impact of an increase in the initial concentration of nutrients and growth factors (e.g., vitamins, microelements, etc.) on the biomass yield and the heterologous protein production level. As expected, the productivity of the heterologous protein in S. cerevisiae is closely correlated with plasmid stability. The 25 free model parameters, including the yield coefficients for different growth stages and dynamic constants, were estimated by nonlinear techniques, and the model was validated against a data set not used for parameter estimation. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Induction of Stress Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during Starvation
Authors: Klockow C. , Stahl F. , Scheper T. , Hitzmann B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn order to analyze the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to starvation on a gene expression level, microarray experiments were performed using a yeast whole genome array. It is well known that under stress conditions like heat, high salt concentrations, pressure or the presence of toxins, special stress response genes are induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This includes the genes encoding the typical heat shock proteins as well as numerous genes concerning cell membrane composition, central carbon metabolism or cell cycle. In this contribution, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae starvation‐stress response is analyzed. Starvation is a living condition often experienced by yeast in natural surroundings. As Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an eukaryote, many results from the gene expression analysis are valid for mammalians as well. The understanding of response of the yeast to the absence of a nutrient is also important for the development of feeding strategies in cultivations. Therefore, knowledge about the gene expression during starvation is important for both research and industrial applications. The regulation of 233 genes, which are involved in the stress response according to the literature, was examined via microarray experiments. In addition, a screening was carried out identifying 115 genes, which are hitherto not known to be comprised in the stress response, but which were significantly up‐regulated during starvation.
Enhanced Asymmetric Reduction of Ethyl 3‐Oxobutyrate by Baker's Yeast via Substrate Feeding and Enzyme Inhibition
Authors: Fow K.‐L. , Poon L. C. H. , Sim S. T. , Chuah G. K. , Jaenicke S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe moderate enantioselectivity of wild form baker's yeast can be considerably increased either by using continuous feeding to maintain a low substrate concentration throughout the reaction, or by the selective inhibition of competing enzymatic pathways. The reduction of ethyl 3‐oxobutyrate to ethyl (S)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate was used as a model reaction. With the substrate feeding method, the enantioselectivity could be increased from 75 % to as high as 98 %. The increased selectivity originates from the much higher substrate binding constant of the (R)‐specific enzymes, so that these enzymes remain essentially inactive if a low concentration of ethyl 3‐oxobutyrate is maintained in the bioreactor. Alternatively, the enantioselectivity of baker's yeast can be improved by selectively blocking competing enzymatic pathways. It was found that vinyl acetate is a selective inhibitor for the (R)‐specific enzymes. Ethyl (S)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate with an enantiomeric excess of 98 % was obtained by pre‐incubation of baker's yeast in 100 mM of vinyl acetate solution for 1 h. These results suggest that by selecting appropriate process conditions, natural baker's yeast can be a competitive biocatalyst for the large‐scale production of chiral secondary alcohols.
Production of Taxol fromPhyllosticta spinarum, an endophytic fungus ofCupressus sp.
Authors: Senthil Kumaran R. , Muthumary J. , Hur B. K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTaxol production during the cultivation on a modified liquid and potato dextrose broth medium was indicated for the first time to occur in Phyllosticta spinarum, an endophytic fungus isolated from the needles of Cupressus sp. The presence of taxol in the fungal culture filtrate was confirmed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods of analysis. The amount of taxol produced by this fungus was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum amount of taxol production was obtained in this fungus when grown on M1D medium (235 μg/L) followed by PDB medium (125 μg/L). The results indicate that P. spinarum is an excellent candidate for taxol production. The production rate was 4.7 × 103‐fold higher than that found in the culture broth of an earlier reported fungus, Taxomyces andreanae. The fungal taxol extracted also showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the in vitro culture of human cancer cells tested in an apoptotic assay.
Mechanism of Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Mucor rouxii
Authors: Yan G. , Viraraghavan T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFungi such as Aspergillus niger and Mucor rouxii are capable of removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The role various functional groups play in the cell wall of M. rouxii in metal biosorption of lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc was investigated in this paper. The biomass was chemically treated to modify the functional carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups. These modifications were examined by means of infrared spectroscopy. It was found that an esterification of the carboxyl groups and phosphate and a methylation of the amine groups significantly decreased the biosorption of the heavy metals studied. Thus, the carboxylate, amine and phosphate groups were recognized as important in the biosorption of metal ions by M. rouxii biomass. The role the lipids fraction play was not significant. The study showed that Na, K, Ca and Mg ions were released from the biomass after biosorption of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn, indicating that ion exchange was a key mechanism in the biosorption of metal ions by M. rouxii biomass.
Nomogram for deciding adjuvant treatment after surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gross Neil D. , Patel Snehal G. , Carvalho Andre L. , Chu Pen‐Yuan , Kowalski Luis P. , Boyle Jay O. , Shah Jatin P. , Kattan Michael W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground.The application of appropriate adjuvant treatment after surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is predicated on accurate patient risk stratification.Methods.A nomogram for estimating locoregional recurrence–free survival (LRFS) after treatment of OCSCC was constructed from a cohort of 590 patients with OCSCC who were treated at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). The nomogram was validated using a series of 417 patients with OCSCC who were treated at Hospital do Cancer AC Camargo (HACC) in São Paulo, Brazil.Results.Despite significant differences between the MSKCC and HACC cohorts, the nomogram was able to predict LRFS from OCSCC with a concordance index of 0.693. Further statistical analysis showed that the nomogram was well calibrated.Conclusions.This preliminary nomogram is the first prognostic model developed and externally validated to predict the likelihood of LRFS after treatment for an individual patient with OCSCC and may have practical utility for deciding adjuvant treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Atelectasis after free rectus transfer and abdominal wall reconstruction
Authors: Lo Jamie O. , Weber Stephen M. , Andersen Peter E. , Gross Neil D. , Gosselin Marc , Wax Mark K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground.Atelectasis is commonly encountered in patients undergoing rectus abdominus tissue transfer. Primary closure of the anterior rectus sheath may contribute to this process. Augmentation of the closure with mesh may decrease the incidence of Atelectasis.Methods.In this retrospective review 32 patients with preoperative and postoperative augmentation were compared to 23 who had primary closure of the anterior rectus sheath.Results.Augmentation consisted of acellular dermis (25) ormesh (7). Postoperative atelectasis was radiographically detected in: 91% (n = 29) of augmented patients versus 83% (n = 19) of primary closure patients. Major atelectasis in 41% (n= 13) of augmented patients versus 61% (n = 14) of primary closure patients p <.05. The incidence of atelectasis was independent of skin flap size and operative times.Conclusions.The use of acellular dermis or mesh to augment the abdominal wall appears to reduce the high incidence of postoperative atelectasis following rectus‐free flap harvest. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
The inclusion challenge with reduced‐load professionals: The role of the manager
Authors: Lirio Pamela , Lee Mary Dean , Williams Margaret L. , Haugen Leslie K. , Kossek Ellen Ernst 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIncreased interest in reduced‐load (part‐time) work among professionals who want to have a life beyond work has led to new challenges for managers who must sustain productivity while also supporting employees. However, to date, little attention has been focused on exactly how managers facilitate effective implementation of these alternative work arrangements. This study presents findings from an interview study of 83 cases of reduced‐load professionals in 43 organizations in the United States and Canada. Analysis of the interviews with both professionals and their managers surfaced recurrent themes that led to identification of five clusters of behaviors and five clusters of dispositions that capture the nature of managerial support in implementing reduced‐load work. The ten categories of behaviors and dispositions expand on existing notions of supervisory support and provide new insight into the role of managers in fostering inclusiveness. Additional quantitative analyses found significant relationships between the success of the reduced‐load arrangements and specific managerial behaviors and dispositions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When do committed employees retire? The effects of organizational commitment on retirement plans under a defined‐benefit pension plan
Authors: Luchak Andrew A. , Pohler Dionne M. , Gellatly Ian R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe question of when committed employees retire is important to consider under a defined‐benefit pension plan, which credits employees with benefits of lower overall value for retiring either too early or too late. We find employees with higher levels of affective commitment more likely to plan to retire later and past the age when it is most financially attractive for them to leave the organization. In contrast, employees with moderate to high levels of continuance commitment plan to retire earlier and at ages when it is most attractive for them to do so. Implications for HR policy and practice are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Women at work: Differences in IT career experiences and perceptions between South Asian and American women
Authors: Adya Monica P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA growing minority representation in the information technology (IT) workforce coupled with a “youth bulge” in developing Asian countries are indicative of increasing diversity in the U.S. IT workforce. For researchers and practitioners, this diversity raises new management concerns. To better comprehend these emerging issues, this study compares career experiences and perceptions of South Asian women in the U.S. IT workforce with those of American women IT professionals. In doing so, it contrasts social, cultural, and individual factors that impact these career experiences. Interviews revealed that while most women from South Asia did not identify career genderization in the workplace, American IT professionals perceived greater stereotyping and discrimination. Although both groups equally felt the pressures of worklife balance, the impact of these pressures on long‐term commitment to IT careers was felt differently across the two groups. Differences also are evident in perceptions of IT work, mentoring relationships, and coping mechanisms relied upon by the two groups. The article concludes with recommendations for improved diversity integration in the workforce and provides suggestions for future research in multicultural settings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X‐ray computed tomography of peat soils: measuring gas content and peat structure
Authors: Kettridge Nicholas , Binley Andrew 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe potential of using X‐ray computed tomography (CT) to (i) analyse individual biogenic gas bubbles entrapped within peats and (ii) produce reliable descriptors of peat structure is examined. Existing approaches used to study biogenic gas bubbles measure the gas content of volumes of peat many orders of magnitude larger than most bubbles, and are, therefore, of little use in helping to understand bubble dynamics. In many peatland studies, the description of peat structures is derived from only a few relatively basic metrics; principally the porosity, the bulk density, and the von Post humification scale. CT is applied to identify and quantitatively analyse the size, location and shape of individual gas bubbles entrapped during the saturation of a 200 cm3 sample of S. fuscum. 3421 gas bubbles were identified, ranging in size from 0·1 mm3 to 99·9 mm3. These gas bubbles were non‐randomly distributed, clustered predominantly in the vertical plane. When analysing the peat structure, Sphagnum peat and water are shown to be indistinguishable within CT scans. Peat samples were therefore prepared prior to scanning by flushing the peat with lead (II) nitrate solution to increase the linear attenuation of the Sphagnum. Sphagnum stems and branches were analysed, producing metrics of the peat structure; including stem and branch lengths, radii and orientation. In a 100 cm3 sample of S. magellanicum, the length of all Sphagnum stems totalled 1·82 m, with an average radius of 0·65 mm. The Sphagnum stems and branches were both preferentially orientated in the horizontal direction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protecting your firm from FX risk
Authors: Ehrlich Michael , Anandarajan Asokan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRecent oil‐price hikes are hurting U.S. businesses. But Europe seems protected—perhaps by the rising value of the euro against the U.S. dollar. So U.S.‐based managers need to compensate for the falling value of the dollar when planning their business strategies.How can U.S. managers protect their companies from rising foreign exchange (FX) risks? The authors offer some vital tools and strategies—and discuss what perils the future may hold. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate social responsibility: The United States vs. Europe
Authors: Danko Dori , Goldberg Jennifer S. , Goldberg Stephen R. , Grant Rita 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIncreasingly, business leaders recognize the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the link between profitability and social behavior. The authors take a critical look at CSR—including arguments for and against it, an approach companies can use, alternative CSR reporting standards, and how Europe differs from the United States. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emodin inhibits TNF‐α‐induced human aortic smooth‐muscle cell proliferation via caspase‐ and mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis
Authors: Heo Sook‐Kyoung , Yun Hyun‐Jeong , Park Won‐Hwan , Park Sun‐Dong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractVascular smooth‐muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays a vital role in hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis. It has been reported that emodin, an active component extracted from rhubarb, can stop the growth of cancer cells; however, it is not known if emodin exerts similar anti‐atherogenic effects in TNF‐α treated human aortic smooth‐muscle cells (HASMC). In this study, emodin treatment showed potent inhibitory effects in TNF‐α‐induced HASMC proliferation that were associated with induced apoptosis, including the cleavage of poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP). Moreover, inhibitors of caspase‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 (Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, Z‐IETD‐FMK and Z‐LEHD‐FMK) efficiently blocked emodin‐induced apoptosis in TNF‐α treated HASMC. Therefore, emodin‐induced cell death occurred via caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Emodin treatment resulted in the release of cytochrome c into cytosol and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as well as a decrease in the expression of an anti‐apoptotic protein (Bcl‐2) and an increase in the expression of an a pro‐apoptotic protein (Bax). Emodin‐mediated apoptosis was also blocked by a mitochondrial membrane depolarization inhibitor, which indicates that emodin‐induced apoptosis occurred via a mitochondrial pathway. Taken together, the results of this study showed that emodin inhibits TNF‐α‐induced HASMC proliferation via caspase‐ and a mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, these results indicate that emodin has potential as an anti‐atherosclerosis agent. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 70–80, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lethality in an anti‐angiogenic tumor gene therapy model upon constitutive but not inducible expression of the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1
Authors: Ganesh Sivanandam Vijayshankar , Stephen Sam Laurel , Hernandez‐Alcoceba Ruben , Alzuguren Pilar , Zabala Maider , van Rooijen Nico , Qian Cheng , Berger Irina , Gross Marie‐Luise , Prieto Jesus , Kochanek Stefan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundNeoangiogenesis is essential for tumor growth. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that vector‐mediated expression of sflt1 at high levels would result in the blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) function and therefore the inhibition of tumor growth.MethodsTo sequester VEGF, we tested, in a subcutaneous LLC tumor model, ‘gutless’ high‐capacity adenovirus vectors expressing the soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sflt1) in a liver‐specific manner, either in a constitutive or in a RU486 induced manner.ResultsHigh serum levels of sflt1 were observed upon in vivo injection of both vectors. Despite the differences in expression kinetics, both modes of sflt1 expression resulted in significant though transient suppression of tumor growth. Unexpectedly, constitutive but not intermittent sflt1 expression resulted in ascites and death of all animals. Morphological analyses by light and electron microscopy indicated that the animals had died from a nephropathy, which apparently was due to the blockade of VEGF function.ConclusionsAlthough confirming earlier results of toxic effects of prolonged VEGF sequestration, the present study suggests that therapeutic anti‐tumor effects can be achieved without side‐effects with intermittent VEGF blockade or the use of drugs with short half‐lives, as shown by the use of an inducible gene expression system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in Korean patients by analysis of 5′ untranslated region using a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight‐based assay, restriction fragment mass polymorphism
Authors: Oh Heung‐Bum , Kim Soo‐Ok , Cha Choong‐Hwan , Hong Sun Pyo , Folk William R. , Kim Kang Mo , Suh Dong Jin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPrevious surveys of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Korea have identified types 1 and 2, but little has been said of other genotypes and viral subtypes. In this study, HCV genotypes in Korea were investigated using Restriction Fragment Mass Polymorphism (RFMP) assay, a sensitive and specific method for genotyping based on MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1,043 independent serum samples from HCV‐infected patients were analyzed. Of interest, 15 subjects (1.4%) were determined to contain HCV genotype 6 and 46 subjects (4.4%) contained mixed genotypes with the most prevalent genotypes being HCV 1b and 2a/c (45.0% and 35.4%, respectively). The 15 subjects with HCV genotype 6 comprised eight cases of subtype 6c, including one case of mixed infection with 1b, three cases of HCV 6a, and six cases of unassigned subtypes. Sequencing corroborated the identity of genotype 6 from 13 subjects, while the line probe assay (LiPA) mis‐identified them as genotype 1b. The majority (7/9) of the genotype 6 patients enrolled for interferon/ribavirin therapy, achieved a sustained virologic response. The ability of the RFMP assay to differentiate various HCV genotypes should enable better analysis of the relationship between HCV genotype and disease prognosis. J. Med. Virol. 80:1712–1719, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.