bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming barriers to sustainability: an explanation of residential builders' reluctance to adopt clean technologies
Authors: Pinkse Jonatan , Dommisse Marcel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe construction industry has great opportunities to significantly reduce CO2 emissions by improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings. However, in this industry, diffusion of cost‐effective clean technologies has been notoriously slow and below potential. This paper sheds light on factors that explain why construction companies have been reluctant to adopt energy‐efficient technologies. It questions why some companies have intensified their investments in clean technologies, while others are lagging behind. Based on a multiple case study of four Dutch building contractors, the paper shows that contractors that actively gather information and build internal technical capacity are keener on adopting energy‐efficient technologies. Findings also reveal that it will be a major challenge for the construction industry to communicate the advantages of clean technologies to (potential) home buyers and create market demand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Quantitative comparison of PTH1R in breast cancer MCF7 and osteosarcoma SaOS‐2 cell lines
Authors: Alokail Majed S. , Peddie Margaret J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the classical parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) receptors in MCF7 breast cancer cells with SaOS‐2 osteosarcoma cell line. Quantitative binding showed that 125I‐PTHrP‐1‐34Tyr binds with a single binding site in both cells. However 125I‐PTHrP‐1‐34Tyr has higher affinity binding in MCF7 (KD = 1.88 ± 0.08 nM) than in SaOS‐2 cells (KD = 4.4 ± 0.185 nM). The competitive binding using 3.3 nM 125I‐PTHrP‐1‐34Tyr with increasing amounts (0.33–33 nM) of unlabelled human PTHrP‐1‐34, PTHrP‐7‐34, PTHrP‐1‐86 His5‐PTHrP‐1‐36, His5‐Phe23‐PTHrP‐1‐36 or PTH‐1‐34 revealed different displacements. In SaOS‐2 the PTHrP‐7‐34 and PTHrP‐1‐86 caused similar displacement compared with 73% by PTH‐1‐34 and 70% by PTHrP‐1‐34. However, in MCF7, PTHrP‐7‐34, PTHrP‐1‐86 and PTH‐1‐34 displaced by 54%, 72% and 67%, respectively, compared to 87% by PTHrP‐1‐34. The His5‐Phe23‐PTHrP‐1‐36 caused an increase in the KD from 2.0 ± 0.03 nM to 2.75 ± 0.045 nM in MCF7 cells, but had no significant effect in SaOS‐2 cells. The PTH/PTHrP receptor in both cell lines revealed a single 85 KDa band with different intensity. Our results suggest that the PTH/PTHrP receptor in MCF7 cells has higher binding affinity for PTHrP than PTH compared to the receptor in SaOS‐2 cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boolean Logic Gates that Use Enzymes as Input Signals
Authors: Strack Guinevere , Pita Marcos , Ornatska Maryna , Katz Evgeny 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBiochemical systems that demonstrate the Boolean logic operations AND, OR, XOR, and InhibA were developed by using soluble compounds, which represent the chemical “devices”, and the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (AlcDH), and microperoxidase‐11 (MP‐11), which operated as the input signals that activated the logic gates. The enzymes were used as soluble materials and as immobilized biocatalysts. The studied systems are proposed to be a step towards the construction of “smart” signal‐responsive materials with built‐in Boolean logic.
Nanopinsel + DOPA‐Leim = mehr als die Summe
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGeckos können, wie man weiß und doch immer mit Unbehagen sieht, kopfüber an einer Zimmerdecke wandern, um ihre Beute zu schnappen, ohne einem ins Bett hinein abzustürzen. Das können sie, weil ihre Zehen‐ und Fingerballen mit feinen Haaren (Setae) besetzt sind, die in Nanopinsel (Spatulae) von ca. 200 nm enden.
Studies on multiple‐quantum magic‐angle‐spinning NMR of half‐integer quadrupolar nuclei under strong rf pulses with a microcoil
Authors: Inukai Munehiro , Takeda Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn multiple‐quantum magic‐angle‐spinning (MQMAS) NMR experiments, it has been argued that one should use as strong rf irradiation as possible in most situations so as to attain the better sensitivity. In this work, we theoretically derive formulas for the efficiency of MQMAS experiments for spin $ {3 \over 2} $ nuclei under strong rf irradiation, and experimentally examine the validity of the derived formulas. For this purpose, a microcoil was accommodated to magic‐angle‐spinning (MAS) experiments by developing a microcoil‐based, coin‐sized probe, which is attachable to an existing MAS module. The rf intensity of up to ∼1 MHz was realized, and the efficiencies of multiple‐quantum (MQ)‐excitation and conversion were studied for the 23Na (I = 3/2) nucleus in a polycrystalline sample of sodium sulfite, from which the theoretical formulas were confirmed. Moreover, it was found that the effect of rf inhomogeneity is significant for MQ‐excitation when rf irradiation is strong, while it is not appreciable for MQ to single‐quantum conversion. From the insight into the MQ‐excitation and conversion processes, the optimal set of rf intensity and pulse width is proposed for a given quadrupolar coupling constant. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 115–123, 2008
NMR microscopy with isotropic resolution of 3.0 μm using dedicated hardware and optimized methods
Authors: Weiger Markus , Schmidig Daniel , Denoth Schimun , Massin Charles , Vincent Franck , Schenkel Michael , Fey Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance microscopy at an isotropic resolution of 3.0μm was realized by using dedicated hardware such as RF surface microcoils, a planar triple‐axis gradient with 6,500 G/cm, and a static magnetic field of 18.8 T. Purely phase‐encoded constant time imaging was used to allow increasing the gradient strength for the suppression of diffusion effects without reducing the signal‐to‐noise ratio. For this method the relationship between gradient strength and true spatial resolution was investigated, and an empirical formula is provided that is useful for practical applications. The characteristics of the different hardware components were investigated experimentally. Furthermore, microscopic phantom images were acquired and evaluated for their true resolution. It is demonstrated that the use of sufficiently large gradients enables suppressing diffusion‐related loss of spatial resolution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 84–93, 2008
Evolution of decitabine development
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Issa Jean‐Pierre , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDecitabine (5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine) is a hypomethylating agent with a dual mechanism of action: reactivation of silenced genes and differentiation at low doses, and cytotoxicity at high doses. The original studies in the 1980s used decitabine as a classical anticancer drug, at its maximum clinically tolerated dose, 1500 to 2500 mg/m2 per course. At these doses, decitabine was found to be active in leukemia, but was associated with delayed and prolonged myelosuppression. After a better understanding of epigenetics in cancer and the role of decitabine in epigenetic (hypomethylating) therapy was gained, it was reevaluated at approximately 1/20th of the previous doses (ie, at ‘optimal biologic’ doses that modulate hypomethylation). In these dose schedules of decitabine (100 to 150 mg/m2 per course), the drug was found to be active with manageable side effects in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other myeloid tumors. Optimizing dosing schedules of decitabine to maximize hypomethylation (low dose, high dose intensity, and multiple cycles) have further improved results, suggesting that decitabine is an active therapy that alters the natural course of MDS. Combination therapies that augment the epigenetic effect of decitabine will likely improve responses and extend its use for the treatment of other malignancies. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Integer programming for optimal reduction of calibration targets
Authors: Alsam Ali , Finlayson Graham 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCalibration targets are widely used to characterize imaging devices. The question addressed in this article is that of how many surfaces in a calibration target are needed to account for the performance of the whole target. Different to previous research where the problem of reducing calibration charts is addressed independently of the calibration problem; in this article we tackle the reduction question based on the calibration performance. We argue that the outcome of both spectral and colorimetric calibration is dependent on the properties of the cross‐product matrix encompassing the color‐signals. Further, we show that by careful mathematical manipulation it is possible to write the cross‐product matrix as a linear sum of the submatrices corresponding to each individual color signal. This formulation allows us to cast the reduction problem as a quadratic minimization where we ask: given the spectral properties of the available color signals, what is the minimum number of surfaces needed to emulate the global cross‐product matrix. To reduce the number of surfaces we impose an integer constraint on the minimization, where the weight of each surface can only assume a value of 1 or 0. Our results show that around 13 surfaces are sufficient to account of the 24 surfaces of the Macbeth color checker. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 212–220, 2008
Interference colors of thin oxide layers on titanium
Authors: Diamanti Maria V. , Del Curto Barbara , Pedeferri MariaPia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis work deals with the characterization of the color properties of different titanium oxide films, obtained by means of anodic oxidation. The color of these oxides varies with film thickness, since it is due to light interference phenomena taking place at the metal‐oxide‐air interfaces. Color measurements were carried out by using spectrophotometry techniques: the values obtained belong to the colorimetric space CIELAB, which is defined as standard colorimetric space. The results of these analyses were related to the oxide structure, analyzed with X‐ray diffraction techniques, which was determined to be either amorphous or semicrystalline. Also the oxide thickness was taken into account. This feature was derived both from ellipsometric data and from reflectance spectra: the two data are shown to be in good adherence. Both commercial purity titanium (grade 2 ASTM) and titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V substrates were investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 221–228, 2008
Detection and modification of confusing color combinations for red‐green dichromats to achieve a color universal design
Authors: Nakauchi Shigeki , Onouchi Tatsuya 
Published: April 2008

AbstractColor‐vision deficiency is a relatively common genetic condition, which often leads to the obstruction of necessary information in colored images. It is important to minimize such inconvenient effects in communication using colored images from a universal design perspective. The universal design principle stipulates that all environments and products should be usable by all people, regardless of age, physical attributes, and ability. This article proposes a method to detect color combinations in a given image that would confuse color dichromats, and suggests a way in which to modify them to make the image easily distinguishable for both normal and dichromatic observers. Confusing color combinations were detected based on a color‐difference calculation using simulations of how the color would appear to dichromats. The confusing colors were then modified based on the minimization of an evaluation function, which was defined as the sum of the degree of confusion and the degree of color change from the original image. Several colored images obtained by the proposed method were compared with the originals by red–green dichromatic observers who judged them to be clearer, thereby confirming that the proposed method was effective for color rendering for universal design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 203–211, 2008
Faithful brokers? Potentials and pitfalls of religion in peacemaking
Authors: Harpviken Kristian Berg , Røislien Hanne Eggen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRecent years have seen increasing interest in the potential of religion for peacemaking. This article conceptualizes the role of religious actors in peacemaking, starting from a distinction among three facets of religion: its normative aspect, its relationship to identity, and its organizational function. Each may feed into the emergence or escalation of conflict, and each is in itself transformed through exposure to armed conflict. Similarly, each facet forms part of the peacemaking potential of religious actors in various ways. Focusing on the identity aspect of religion, along with the extent to which a given identity is shared by both the broker and conflictual parties, we suggest that religious brokers may be of three distinct types: the “liaison,” the “coordinator,” and the “representative.”
N‐terminal flanking residues of a diabetes‐associated GAD65 determinant are necessary for activation of antigen‐specific T cells in diabetes‐resistant mice
Authors: Dai Yang D. , Jensen Kent P. , Marrero Idania , Li Ningli , Quinn Anthony , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA diabetes‐associated peptide in the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) molecule, p524–543, activates two distinct populations of T cells, which apparently play opposite roles in the development of diabetes in NOD mice. By comparing the fine specificity of these two T cell repertoires using a nested set of truncated peptides that cover the p524–543 region, we found, surprisingly, that all clones recognized the same core within this peptide, p530–539. The core itself was non‐immunogenic, but the residues flanking this shared sequence played the crucial role in selecting T cells to activate. A peptide missing N‐terminal flanking residues at position 528 and 529 was stimulatory in NOD but not in MHC‐matched, NOD‐resistant (NOR) mice, suggesting that a protective response in the resistant mice may require T cell recognition of one or more of the N‐terminal flanking residues. T cell repertoire studies demonstrated selective clonal expansions within the BV4 TCR family that dominates the p524–543 response in NOD but not in NOR mice. These data suggest that processing or trimming events affecting T cell recognition of very few flanking residues of diabetes‐associated determinants might be involved in the protective response in NOR mice.
Human regulatory T cells and autoimmunity
Authors: Costantino Cristina M. , Baecher‐Allan Clare M. , Hafler David A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) appear to be critical in regulating immune responses to self‐antigens. Treg deficiency is associated with several human autoimmune diseases. Although substantial progress has been made in the study of murine and human Treg, their fundamental mechanism of action remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the phenotype of human natural Treg, their functional mechanism, and their role in autoimmune disease.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200738120
Rethinking the molecular definition of regulatory T cells
Authors: Hori Shohei 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt has been postulated that expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 “specifically” identifies the regulatory T cell (Treg) lineage and it acts as its “master regulator” or “lineage specification factor”. However, emerging evidence challenges these views and suggests that the Treg lineage may be determined by a higher‐order regulatory process that ensures stable and high levels Foxp3 expression.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838168
Impaired function of dendritic cells translocating the liver sinusoids: A veto effect contributing to intrahepatic tolerance?
Authors: Bertolino Patrick 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDue to its unique architecture and conditions of blood flow, the liver is acknowledged as an immunologically unusual organ associated with primary activation of naïve T cells and the induction of tolerance. Several mechanisms have been proposed to be involved in this process. Most suggest that naïve T cells activated in situ in the hepatic sinusoids are deleted or silenced following activation by liver cells acting as antigen presenting cells. Hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and bone marrow‐derived cells (including Kupffer cells and DC) have been shown to support primary activation in situ and play some role in tolerance induction. Although most liver DC have been described to be immature and located in sites inaccessible to naïve T cells, some blood‐borne DC have been shown to translocate via the sinusoids where naïve T cells recirculate. Thus, the presence of mature DC with potential immunogenicity in the sinusoids might give contradictory signals to the naïve T cells activated within this organ. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are shown to impair the DC ability to induce the proliferation of naïve T cells in vitro via an unknown mechanism. Although these findings need to be confirmed in a physiological setting, regulation of the function of DC translocating the sinusoids might represent a new mechanism contributing to T cell tolerance in the liver.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200738060
Nickel Coordination Compounds of Stanna‐closo‐dodecaborate
Authors: Kirchmann Marius , Gädt Torben , Eichele Klaus , Wesemann Lars 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe reaction of the nickel complexes [(dppm)NiBr2] [dppm = 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane] and [(dppe)NiBr2] [dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane] with stanna‐closo‐dodecaborate [Bu3NH]2[SnB11H11] (1) yielded the trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination compounds [Bu3NH]4[(dppm)Ni(SnB11H11)3] (2) and [Bu3NH]4[(dppe)Ni(SnB11H11)3](3). The square‐planar compound [Bu3NH]2[(ImiPr2Me2)2Ni(SnB11H11)2] (4) (ImiPr2Me2 = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazoliumylidene) could be obtained by the reaction of the N‐heterocyclic carbene complex [(ImiPr2Me2)2NiBr2] with [Bu3NH]2[SnB11H11] (1). The new coordination compounds were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Genome‐wide analysis identifies 16q deletion associated with survival, molecular subtypes, mRNA expression, and germline haplotypes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Nordgard Silje H. , Johansen Fredrik E. , Alnæs Grethe I. G. , Bucher Elmar , Syvänen Ann‐Christine , Naume Bjørn , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Kristensen Vessela N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBreast carcinomas are characterized by DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) with biological and clinical significance. This explorative study integrated CNA, expression, and germline genotype data of 112 early‐stage breast cancer patients. Recurrent CNAs differed substantially between tumor subtypes classified according to expression pattern. Deletion of 16q was overrepresented in Luminal A, and a predictor of good prognosis, both overall and for the nonluminal A subgroups. The deleted region most significantly associated with survival mapped to 16q22.2, harboring the genes TXNL4B and DXH38, whose expression was strongly correlated with the deletion. The area most frequently deleted resided on 16q23.1, 3.5 MB downstream of the area most significantly associated with survival, and included the tumor suppressor gene ADAMTS18 and the cell recognition gene CNTNAP4. Whole‐genome association analysis identified germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their corresponding haplotypes, residing on several different chromosomes, to be associated with deletion of 16q. The genes where these SNPs reside encode proteins involved in the extracellular matrix (CHST3 and SPOCK2), in regulation of the cell cycle (JMY, PTPRN2, and Cwf19L2) and chromosome stability (KPNB1). © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total serum cholesterol levels and Alzheimer's dementia in patients with down syndrome
Authors: Prasher V. P. , Airuehia E. , Patel A. , Haque M. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe risk for dementia in Alzheimer's disease (DAD) in adults with Down syndrome (DS) is higher than in the general adult population. Hypercholesterolaemia has been reported as a risk factor for DAD in the general population. This study investigated the role of serum cholesterol levels in the onset of DAD in the DS population.MethodsThis study investigated total serum cholesterol levels in 179 DS persons (with and without DAD). The possible association between Apolipoprotein E and amyloid β1‐40 and β1‐42 levels was also investigated.ResultsNo statistically significant association was found between total serum cholesterol levels and dementia in AD or with amyloid β levels. However for DS adults with an apoE ε4 allele significantly higher serum cholesterol levels were found.ConclusionHypercholesterolaemia is not a risk factor for DAD in persons with DS. However, DS persons with an apoE ε4 allele are susceptible to high serum cholesterol. Such individuals should be screened on a regular basis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression in elderly life sentence prisoners
Authors: Murdoch Nicholas , Morris Paul , Holmes Clive 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe life sentence population is growing older and increasing in number. Despite the potential negative physical and social environment in prisons little is known about the prevalence or aetiology of depression in elderly ‘lifers’.AimsTo determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression in elderly life sentence prisoners.MethodOne hundred and twenty‐one elderly life/indeterminate sentence prisoners from two category B prisons in the United Kingdom were interviewed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the relationship with prison and non prison specific variables analysed.ResultsOver half of the prisoners scored above the threshold for mild depression. The length of sentence served and other prison related variables were not associated with the depression score. However, the imported chronic physical ill health was strongly related to depression score.ConclusionsDepression in long term prisoners is common and is related to the burden of imported chronic ill health as opposed to specific effects of imprisonment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.