bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulcerative colitis reactivation after mercury vapor inhalation
Authors: Cummings Curtis E. , Rosenman Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundAfter exposure to mercury vapor at three consecutive 10‐month intervals, an electrician in an electroplating plant had flare‐ups of ulcerative colitis within 24 hr, that subsided in several days, then returned upon re‐exposure 10 months later.MethodsThe patient and his workplace were both evaluated for mercury exposure. In addition to workplace inspection, both personal and area monitoring for environmental mercury was performed, using both multiple mercury diffusion badges and direct (instantaneous) readings, during maintenance of mercury‐filled electrical blocks.ResultsEight‐hour time weighted average (TWA) mercury vapor exposure was measured at 0.41 mg/m3 (ACGIH and NIOSH recommended TWA = 0.025 mg/m3; OSHA permissible exposure limit −0.1 mg/m3) for 5 years since stopping overexposure to mercury, the patient remained symptom free in clinical remission.ConclusionsIn a patient with chronic ulcerative colitis in remission, occupational exposure to mercury vapor led to episodes of disease reactivation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:499–502, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal and non‐metal miners' exposure to crystalline silica, 1998–2002
Authors: Weeks James L. , Rose Cecile 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundCrystalline silica is well known to cause silicosis and other diseases. Exposure is common in the mining industry and consequently, the US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) evaluates miners exposure to silica to determine compliance with its exposure limit.MethodsMSHA exposure measurements were obtained for the 5‐year period from 1998 to 2002 and average exposure was calculated classified by occupation and by mine. Evaluation criteria were whether average values exceeded MSHA's permissible exposure limit or the limit recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), whether there was a risk of exposure to freshly fractured silica, and whether there was a risk of a high rate of exposure to silica.ResultsMiners in certain jobs are exposed to silica above permissible and recommended exposure limits. Some miners may also be exposed at a high rate or to freshly fractured silica.ConclusionsKnown dust control methods should be implemented and regular medical surveillance should be provided. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:523–534, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory health in Turkish asbestos cement workers: The role of environmental exposure
Authors: Akkurt İbrahim , Önal Buhara , Demir Ahmet Uğur , Tüzün Dilek , Sabır Handan , Ulusoy Lütfi , Karadağ Kaan Ö. , Ersoy Nihat , Çöplü Lütfi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAimBenign and malignant pleural and lung diseases due to environmental asbestos exposure constitute an important health problem in Turkey. The country has widespread natural deposits of asbestos in rural parts of central and eastern regions. Few data exists about the respiratory health effects of occupational asbestos exposure in Turkey. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate respiratory health effects of occupational asbestos exposure and the contribution of environmental asbestos exposure.MethodsInvestigations included asbestos dust measurements in the workplace and application of an interviewer‐administered questionnaire, a standard posteroanterior chest X‐ray and spirometry. Information on birthplace of the workers was obtained in 406 workers and used to identify environmental exposure to asbestos, through a map of geographic locations with known asbestos exposure.ResultsAsbestos dust concentration in the ambient air of the work sites (fiber/ml) ranged between 0.2 and 0.76 (mean: 0.25, median: 0.22). Environmental exposure to asbestos was determined in 24.4% of the workers. After the adjustment for age, smoking, occupational asbestos exposure, and potential risk factors environmental asbestos exposure was associated with small irregular opacities grade ≥1/0 (44.2% vs. 26.6%, P < 0.01), FVC% (97.8 vs. 104.5, P < 0.0001), and FEV1% (92.4 vs. 99.9, P < .0001). Occupational exposure to asbestos was associated with small irregular opacities grade ≥1/0 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.1, per 1 unit increase in the natural logarithm of fiber/ml) and FEV1/FVC% (beta: 1.1, SEM: 0.54; P < 0.05, per 1 unit increase in the natural logarithm of fiber/ml).ConclusionsEnvironmental exposure to asbestos could increase the risk of asbestosis and lung function impairment in workers occupationally exposed to asbestos, independent from occupational exposure and smoking. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to silica and risk of ANCA‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Bartůňková J. , Pelclová D. , Fenclová Z. , Šedivá A. , Lebedová J. , Tesař V. , Hladíková M. , Klusáčková P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundExposure to silica dust is considered to be one of etiological factors of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) ‐associated vasculitis (AAV).MethodsSubjects exposed to silica dust in Central Bohemia and followed in the Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University, were selected for study. A group of 86 men exposed to SiO2 for at least 5 years were examined. The association between occupational exposure to silica dust and ANCA positivity is analyzed.ResultsThe subjects had a mean age of 66.7 years, and mean exposure to silica of 22.3 years. ANCA were detected significantly more frequently in patients group (17.1%; P‐ANCA 18×, C‐ANCA 3×) than in controls (n = 28, mean age 64.2 years, P‐ANCA 1×, i.e., 3.6%). ANCA positivity was found less frequently (7.1%) in the group with history of SiO2 exposure without signs of pronounced silicosis, than in the group with simple (30.3%) or complicated silicosis (36.0%). Odds ratio for ANCA positivity and relative risk estimate in patients with silicosis were highly significant. Among possible predictor factors for ANCA positivity, silicosis and tuberculosis were relevant. No typical AAV was present among the patients.ConclusionLong‐term silica exposure may be one of the exogenous factors contributing to ANCA production, however, silica exposure alone, without typical silicosis, was not associated with ANCA positivity. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:569–576, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular characterization of individuals with 18p deletion: A genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Wester Ulrika , Bondeson Marie‐Louise , Edeby Christina , Annerén Göran 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe deletion 18p syndrome is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities. The medical problems are mental and postnatal growth retardation, and sometimes malformations of the heart and brain. The individuals have some typical features, which might be easy to overlook and which are: ptosis, strabismus, hypertelorism, broad flat nose, micrognathia, big and low set ears. The aims of present study were to clinically and molecularly characterize the syndrome further in seven subjects with de novo 18p deletions and to perform genotype–phenotype correlation. All seven subjects had terminal deletions and no interstitial deletion was observed with subtelomeric FISH analyses. To define the extent of the 18p deletions and the parental origin of the deletion microsatellite‐ and FISH analyses were performed on genomic DNA and on lymphoblastoid cell lines of the study participants. Totally 19 chromosomes, 18 specific polymorphic microsatellite markers, and 5 BAC clones were used. The results revealed that the deletions were located in the centromeric region at 18p11.1 in four of the seven subjects. In the remaining three the breakpoints were located distal to 18p11.1 (18p11.21‐p11.22). Four of the individuals had a paternal and three a maternal origin of the deletion. Genotype–phenotype correlation of the seven subjects suggests a correlation between the extent of the deleted region and the mental development. All the four children with a deletion in the centromeric region at 18p11.1 had a mental retardation (MR). Two of the three children with a more distal breakpoint (distal 18p11.21) had a normal mental development and one had a border‐line mental retardation. There might be a critical region for the mental retardation located between 18p11.1 and 18p11.21. The children with a breakpoint at 18p11.1 had all a broad face, which was observed in only one of those with a more distal breakpoint, otherwise no genotype–phenotype correlation of the features was observed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental investigation of the linear viscoelastic response of EVA‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Prasad Ranjit , Gupta Rahul K. , Cser Ferenc , Bhattacharya Sati N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLinear viscoelastic behaviors of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA)‐layered silicate nanocomposites were investigated. EVA with vinyl acetate (VA) content of 18 and 28% by weight and commercially modified montmorillonite clay (Cloisite® 30B) were melt blended in a twin‐screw extruder. Nanocomposites of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% by weight were produced. Wide angle X‐ray scattering was used to ascertain the degree of layer swelling that could be attributed to the intercalation of polymer chains into the interlayer of the silicates. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the dispersion and extent of exfoliation of the layered silicates in the polymer matrix. All nanocomposites were found to have mixed intercalated/exfoliated morphologies. Both storage and loss moduli and complex viscosity showed improvement at all frequencies tested with increase in silicate loading. Terminal zone behavior was also shown to disappear gradually with silicate content. Increase in silicate loading had caused the divergence of viscosity profile from low‐frequency Newtonian plateau to non‐Newtonian slope corresponding to a possible finite yield stress. The gradual disappearances of terminal zone and Newtonian homopolymer‐like characteristics with silicate loading were attributed to the formation of lattice spanning three‐dimensional network structures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2127–2135, 2006
Hyaluronan and its receptor CD44 in the heart of newborn and adult rats
Authors: Hellström Martin , Johansson Bengt , Engström‐Laurent Anna 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe extracellular matrix is a dynamic space and a prerequisite for the function of cardiomyocytes. We have previously reported on the distribution of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HYA) and its cellular receptor CD44 in the vascular system. In newborn rats, HYA and its receptor were colocalized, but in the adult animals, no such colocalization was observed. Furthermore, the distribution of both HYA and CD44 differed between newborn and adult animals. In this study, the distribution of HYA and its receptor CD44 is explored in the heart. Hearts from newborn and adult rats were stained for visualization of HYA and CD44 using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. HYA stained the interstitium of the myocardium heterogeneously. Strong staining was seen in the heart valves of both newborn and adult animals. CD44 staining was sparse in hearts from both newborn and adult animals. There are no major changes in the distribution of HYA in the myocardium during the postnatal development in contrast to the blood vessels. Thus, the structure of the interstitium does not change after birth when the heart starts to grow mainly through cardiomyocyte hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia. The abundance of HYA in the heart valves is probably related to their unique physiological properties to withstand repetitive mechanical stress. Anat Rec Part A 288A:587–592, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five‐dimensional taxonomy to relate human errors and technological interventions in a human factors literature database
Authors: Rantanen Esa M. , Palmer Brent O. , Wiegmann Douglas A. , Musiorski Kevin M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOne of the main factors in all aviation accidents is human error. Therefore, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) has identified several human factors safety technologies to address this problem. Some technologies directly address human error either by attempting to reduce the occurrence of errors or by mitigating the negative consequences of errors. However, new technologies and system changes may also introduce new error opportunities or even induce different types of errors. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the relationship between error classes and technology “fixes” is crucial for the evaluation of intervention strategies outlined in the AvSP so that resources can be effectively directed to maximize the benefit to flight safety. This article summarizes efforts to map intervention technologies onto error categories and describes creation of a conceptual framework, identification of applicable taxonomies for each dimension of the framework, and construction of a usable prototype database. The framework consists of a three‐dimensional matrix with axes for the human operator, the task, and the environment. Human errors and technologies cohabit molecules in the matrix linking them. The database allows for taxonomic development in all three areas pertaining to human performance by keeping the taxonomies dynamic.
A system for supporting evidence recording in bibliographic records
Authors: Taniguchi Shoichi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRecording evidence for data values, in addition to the values themselves, in bibliographic records and descriptive metadata has been proposed in a previous study. Recorded evidence indicates why and how data values are recorded for elements. As a continuation of that study, this article first proposes a scenario in which a cataloger and a system interact with each other in recording evidence in bibliographic records for books, with the aim of minimizing costs and effort in recording evidence. Second, it reports on prototype system development in accordance with the scenario. The system (1) searches a string, corresponding to the data value entered by a cataloger or extracted from the Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) record, within the scanned and optical character recognition (OCR)‐converted title page and verso of the title page of an item being cataloged; (2) identifies the place where the string appears within the source of information; (3) identifies the procedure being used to form the value entered or recorded; and finally (4) displays the place and procedure identified for the data value as its candidate evidence. Third, this study reports on an experiment conducted to examine the system's performance. The results of the experiment show the usefulness of the system and the validity of the proposed scenario.
Proposal of a novel diabetogenic mechanism involving the serpin PAI‐1
Authors: Griffiths Sarah L. , Grainger David J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMetabolic Syndrome is a cluster of risk factors (including obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance), which is associated with late‐onset diabetes and coronary heart disease. Elevated levels of the protease inhibitor PAI‐1 are well‐known molecular markers of the Metabolic Syndrome. Here, however, we present a hypothesis that PAI‐1 acts as a causative factor in the development of Metabolic Syndrome and its clinical sequelae. We propose that PAI‐1 inhibits the activity of members of the proprotein convertase (PC) class of serine proteases and that this underlies, at a molecular level, many of the other features of the Metabolic Syndrome cluster. BioEssays 28: 629–641, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The complete genome sequence of a dog: a perspective
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Kasif Simon 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA complete, high‐quality reference sequence of a dog genome was recently produced by a team of researchers led by the Broad Institute, achieving another major milestone in deciphering the genomic landscape of mammalian organisms. The genome sequence provides an indispensable resource for comparative analysis and novel insights into dog and human evolution and history. Together with the survey sequence of a poodle previously published in 2003, the two dog genome sequences allowed identification of more than 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms within and between dog breeds, which can be used in evolutionary analysis, behavioral studies and disease gene mapping.1 © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. BioEssays 28: 569–573, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling H3 histone N‐terminal tail and linker DNA interactions
Authors: La Penna Giovanni , Furlan Sara , Perico Angelo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMolecular dynamics computer simulations were performed for the 25‐residue N‐terminal tail of the H3 histone protein in the proximity of a DNA segment of 10 base pairs (bp), representing a model for the linker DNA in chromatin. Several least biased configurations were used as initial configurations. The secondary structure content of the protein was increased by the presence of DNA close to it, but the locations of the secondary motifs were different for different initial orientations of the DNA grooves with respect to the protein. As a common feature to all simulations, the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged DNA and positively charged protein was screened by the water solvent and counterbalanced by the intrinsic compaction of the protein due to hydrophobic effects. The protein secondary structure limited the covering of DNA by the protein to 4–5 bp. The degree of compaction and charge density of the bound protein suggests a possible role of H3 tail in a nonspecific bending and plasticity of the linker DNA when the protein is located in the crowded dense chromatin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 135–147, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Radical prostatectomy for clinical T4 prostate cancer
Authors: Johnstone Peter A. S. , Ward Kevin C. , Goodman Michael , Assikis Vasily , Petros John A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDOccasionally, patients with clinical T4 (cT4) prostate cancer undergo surgery. Published data on outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with such advanced stage disease and on the impact of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and hormone therapy (HT) are nonexistent.METHODSData from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data base were reviewed for the 7‐year period from 1995 to 2001. Specifically, data were analyzed for 1093 patients with cT4, lymph node‐negative or lymph node‐positive, M0 prostate cancer without distant lymph node involvement or a history of other cancer. Using follow‐up data through 2002, postdiagnosis survival was examined in 5 treatment groups: radical prostatectomy (RP) either alone or in combination with other therapy, radiation therapy (RT) alone, hormone therapy (HT) alone, RT plus HT, and no treatment (NT). All results were expressed as 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year observed survival and corresponding relative survival. Mortality across treatment categories was compared by using a Cox proportionate hazards model controlling for age, year of diagnosis, race, tumor grade, regional lymph node involvement, clinical tumor extension, and SEER registry.RESULTSObserved and relative survival rates were lowest among patients who received NT and highest among patients who underwent RP. Adding adjuvant RT or HT to RP conferred no survival benefit. Multivariate survival analyses revealed a significant increase in mortality among HT‐only patients and among patients who received NT compared with patients who underwent RP. The differences in survival among treatment types were most pronounced in a relatively small group of patients who had positive regional lymph node extension. In all other patients, the results suggested a modest (but not significant) improvement in survival after RT plus HT.CONCLUSIONSSEER data revealed that patients who underwent RP for cT4 prostate cancer had increased survival compared with patients who received RT alone or HT alone and had a survival comparable to that of patients who received RT plus HT. The benefit of RP appears to be limited to a relatively small subset of patients who have regional lymph node extension. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Dose escalation of oral vinorelbine in combination with estramustine in hormone‐refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Mackler Niklas J. , Dunn Rodney L. , Hellerstedt Beth , Cooney Kathleen A. , Fardig Judith , Olson Karin , Pienta Kenneth J. , Smith David C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe primary objective of the current study was to identify the tolerable dose level of oral vinorelbine when given in combination with estramustine to men with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The secondary objectives were to describe the toxicities of the combined regimen in patients with HRPC and to estimate the efficacy of oral vinorelbine in combination with estramustine based on the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response.METHODSThirty‐three patients with HRPC were treated on a 28‐day cycle with estramustine at a dose of 140 mg orally 3 times a day on Days 1‐3 and 8‐10. Vinorelbine was given orally on Days 2 and 9. The initial dose of vinorelbine was 50 mg/m2 and was escalated to 70 mg/m2 using the time‐to‐event continual reassessment method.RESULTSThree of 17 patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicity at the 70 mg/m2 dose level of oral vinorelbine. One patient experienced dose‐limiting toxicity at a dose of 60 mg/m2 and no dose‐limitig toxicities were reported at the 50 mg/m2 dose. The overall response rate by ≥50% reduction in PSA was 17.2%, (95% confidence interval, 5.9‐35.8%).CONCLUSIONSOral vinorelbine at doses of 70 mg/m2 may be safely combined with estramustine. The combination appears to have modest activity in men with advanced prostate cancer. The trial design employed the time‐to‐event continual reassessment method, which potentially allows for rapid accrual, a more complete assessment of toxicities, and a larger fraction of patients to be treated at an effective dose. More active regimens are needed to further evaluate the utility of this clinical trial design in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Applying the Grid to 3D capture technology
Authors: Mackenzie Lewis , Cockshott Paul , Yarmolenko Viktor , Borland Ewan , Graham Paul , Kavoussanakis Kostas 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe PGPGrid project aims to parallelize the process of extracting range data from an experimental 3D scanner using the Grid as a vehicle for accessing necessary resources. The application is potentially highly parallel but has some unusual features such as rapid spawning of processes in real time and a dynamic inter‐process network topology. These characteristics are such as to require enhancement of the usual task migration capabilities of the Globus toolkit. The present paper initially discusses attempts to estimate the real parallelizability of the scanner application. It then describes a new Java application programming interface, based on Milner's $\pi$‐calculus, which could be used to extend Globus in a manner capable of supporting systems with this kind of dynamic parallel structure. The location of processing resources for the $\pi$‐calculus is done using a Web‐services‐based resource locator. The article also describes the pipeline of processing from initial stereo photogrametry to the final production of animation models. A key step in this is the conformation of animators models to the data obtained by the real‐time scanner. Algorithmic innovations in this process are described. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.