bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of whole body vibration training and conventional training on knee proprioception and postural stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Moezy A , Olyaei G , Hadian M , Razi M , Faghihzadeh S 
Published: January 2008

Objective:To compare the effect of a whole body vibration training (WBVT) programme with a conventional training (CT) programme on knee proprioception and postural stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods:Twenty athletes with unilateral ACL reconstruction were randomly assigned to the WBVT or CT group; all participants received 12 sessions of WBVT or conventional training. Absolute error in joint repositioning for two target angles (30° and 60°) was measured with the Biodex dynamometer; bilateral dynamic postural stability (anteroposterior, mediolateral and overall stability indices) was measured with the Biodex Stability System pre-intervention and post-intervention.Results:The improvement in postural stability in the WBVT group was significantly greater than that in the CT group (p⩽0.05). The p values of the changing scores of open overall, open anteroposterior, open mediolateral, closed overall, closed anteroposterior and closed mediolateral stability indices were 0.002, 0.010, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.046, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences in all averages of absolute angular error at 60° and 30° between the WBVT and CT groups in both knees (p = 0.001 in healthy knees and p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001 in reconstructed knees), apart from the healthy knees at the 30° target position, which was not significant (p = 0.131).Conclusions:Whole body vibration training improved proprioception and balance in athletes with reconstructed ACL.
Consistent individual differences in the foraging behaviour of forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma disstria)
Authors: Nemiroff L. , Despland E. 
Published: January 2008

Outbreaking insects are often considered identical units despite recent work in behavioural ecology that shows repeatable differences can exist between individuals and can have important implications for individual fitness and population processes. However, although entomologists have neglected the hypothesis that differences between individuals can play an important role in the ecology of a species, it is not new. Wellington (1957. Can. J. Zool. 35: 293–323) suggested that consistent individual differences in behaviour may play a role in the population dynamics of Malacosoma (Hübner, 1820) species (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). We used a novel approach to determine if individual larval Malacosoma disstria Hübner, 1820 exhibit distinct and repeatable behavioural traits. Second-instar caterpillars were placed on individual arenas for 1 h on 4 consecutive days, and the proportion of time spent walking, searching, quiescent, and eating was documented. Active and sluggish behavioural types were distinguished and stable differences in individual activity were observed. Activity was positively correlated with growth during the 4 days of the experiment, but no significant relationship was detected between behaviour during the experiment and overall larval performance in the laboratory setting. These findings demonstrate consistent variation in the foraging behaviour of forest tent caterpillars and lay the basis for further investigatison of its role in colony function and population dynamics.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURES MADE OF CURVED RODS
Authors: GRISO GEORGES 
Published: January 2008

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of a structure made of curved rods of thickness 2δ when δ tends to 0. This study is carried on within the frame of linear elasticity by using the unfolding method. It is based on several decompositions of the structure displacements and on the passing to the limit in fixed domains. We show that any displacement of a structure is the sum of an elementary rods-structure displacement (e.r.s.d.) concerning the rods' cross sections and a residual one related to the deformation of the cross section. The e.r.s.d. coincides with rigid body displacements in the junctions. Any e.r.s.d. is given by two functions belonging to [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the skeleton structure (i.e. the set of rods with middle lines). One of this function [Formula: see text] is the skeleton displacement, the other [Formula: see text] gives the cross section rotation. We show that [Formula: see text] is the sum of an extensional displacement and an inextensional one. We establish a priori estimates and then, we characterize the unfolded limits of the rods-structure displacements. Eventually, we pass to the limit in the linearized elasticity system and using all results in [6], where on one hand, we obtain a variational problem that is satisfied by the limit extensional displacement, and on the other hand, a variational problem coupling the limit of inextensional displacement and the limit of the rod torsion angles.
Cartilage Damage Determines Intermediate Outcome in the Late Multiple Ligament and Posterolateral Corner-Reconstructed Knee
Authors: Corten Kristoff , Bellemans Johan 
Published: January 2008

Background Patients with chronic ruptures of 1 or both cruciate ligaments in combination with posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee often have some degree of cartilage damage at the time of surgery. Hypothesis Chondrosis at the time of reconstruction does not influence early and intermediate functional outcome of the multiple ligament reconstructed knee. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twenty-one patients were available from an original 27 treated between 1995 and 2000. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by physical examination and by applying 4 different knee rating scores. All patients were assessed at a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 14–75 months) and 87 months (range, 62–123 months). Results At the first follow-up, all knee rating scores had improved significantly ( P < .0003) compared with preoperatively; 84% of the reconstructed knees had normal to nearly normal laxities according to the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 score. At the second follow-up, the functional scores remained significantly ( P < .0089) better than preoperatively. Patients with chondrosis at the time of surgery did not have significantly different knee rating scores at the first follow-up compared with patients without cartilage damage. Four years later, the results in the chondrosis group were significantly worse ( P < .05) for all knee rating scores compared with the patients without chondrosis. The results in 3 of 4 knee rating scores declined significantly in the chondrosis group over the 48-month interval between follow-up sessions. In the Tegner and Lysholm score, the results deteriorated to the preoperative level. Patients with different cruciate ligament reconstructions did not have significantly different knee rating scores. Conclusion The posterolateral sling procedure is a stable and reliable technique for posterolateral corner reconstruction. The presence of chondrosis at the time of surgery is an important prognosticator of functional outcome at intermediate follow-up.
Biomechanical Analysis of Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Grafts of the Elbow
Authors: Prud'homme Joe , Budoff Jeffrey E. , Nguyen Lyndon , Hipp John A. 
Published: January 2008

Background There are no biomechanical studies evaluating different tendon grafts for elbow medial collateral ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis Using a larger tendon for the graft will yield greater resistance to valgus load for medial collateral ligament docking technique reconstructions. The type of graft used for a medial collateral ligament docking technique reconstruction will have a significant effect on the resistance to valgus loads. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Cadaveric elbows from male donors were cyclically loaded to 3 and 5 mm elongation, both intact and after a docking technique medial collateral ligament reconstruction using palmaris longus, gracilis, semitendinosus, and patellar tendon grafts. Results There was no significant difference in load to 3 or 5 mm elongation, number of cycles to failure, or stiffness between any tendon graft studied. Every tendon graft reconstruction tested was significantly weaker and less stiff than was the native medial collateral ligament. Conclusion There appears to be no biomechanical advantage to be gained by using a larger tendon graft instead of a palmaris longus graft. Clinical Relevance The most readily available graft source with the lowest morbidity (often the palmaris longus tendon) should be used for medial collateral ligament reconstruction.
The External Rotation Recurvatum Test Revisited
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Ly Thuan V. , Griffith Chad 
Published: January 2008

Background Posterolateral corner injuries can be difficult to diagnose. The external rotation recurvatum test was one of the first clinical tests described to diagnose these injuries. Since its earliest description, it has been reported that a positive test result occurred with posterior translation of the proximal tibia with respect to the distal femur as the knee went into recurvatum, external rotation, and varus angulation. Purpose To document the sagittal plane relationship of the tibiofemoral joint in patients with posterolateral knee instability and a positive external rotation recurvatum test finding, and to determine possible injury patterns associated with this test. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Materials and Methods In a series of 134 consecutive patients with posterolateral knee injuries, all patients demonstrating a Positive external rotation recurvatum test result were identified, and bilateral hyperextension lateral radiographs were subsequently obtained to assist with preoperative planning for surgical reconstruction of their knee injuries. Results Of the 134 patients with posterolateral knee injuries, 10 demonstrated a positive external rotation recurvatum test finding. All 10 patients were noted to have a combined anterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral knee injury, with the proximal tibia noted to be subluxated anterior with respect to the distal femur on all hyperextension lateral knee radiographs. The percentage of patients with combined anterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral knee injuries with a positive external rotation recurvatum test result was 30%. Conclusion Posterolateral corner knee injuries are often difficult to diagnose, and as a result, correct interpretation of pertinent clinical knee examination findings is essential. Regarding posterolateral knee injuries, the interpretation of a positive external rotation recurvatum test result needs to be redefined to demonstrate that the tibia actually subluxates anterior to the femur, which produces an increase in genu recurvatum clinically. Moreover, the presence of a positive external rotation recurvatum test finding should alert the clinician to the presence of a probable combined posterolateral knee and anterior cruciate ligament injury.
NFAT but not NF-κB is critical for transcriptional induction of the prosurvival gene A1 after IgE receptor activation in mast cells
Authors: Ullerås Erik , Karlberg Mats , Möller Westerberg Christine , Alfredsson Jessica , Gerondakis Steve , Strasser Andreas , Nilsson Gunnar 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFcϵRI-activation–induced survival of mast cells is dependent on the expression and function of the prosurvival protein A1. The expression of A1 in lymphocytes and monocytes has previously been described to be transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB. Here we demonstrate that the expression of A1 in mast cells is not dependent on NF-κB but that NFAT plays a crucial role. FcϵRI-induced A1 expression was not affected in mast cells overexpressing an IκB-α super-repressor or cells lacking NF-κB subunits RelA, c-Rel, or c-Rel plus NF-κB1 p50. In contrast, inhibition of calcineurin and NFAT by cyclosporin A abrogated the expression of A1 in mast cells on FcϵRI-activation but had no effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of A1 in J774A.1 monocytic cells. Cyclosporin A also inhibited luciferase expression in an A1 promoter reporter assay. A putative NFAT binding site in the A1 promoter showed inducible protein binding after FcϵRI crosslinking or treatment with ionomycin as detected in a band shift assay or chromatin immunoprecipitation. The binding protein was identified as NFAT1. Finally, mast cells expressing constitutively active NFAT1 exhibit increased expression of A1 after FcϵRI-stimulation. These results indicate that, in FcϵRI stimulated mast cells, A1 is transcriptionally regulated by NFAT1 but not by NF-κB.
Phagocytosis-independent antimicrobial activity of mast cells by means of extracellular trap formation
Authors: von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Goldmann Oliver , Thulin Pontus , Heinemann Katja , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Rohde Manfred , Medina Eva 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThese days it has been increasingly recognized that mast cells (MCs) are critical components of host defense against pathogens. In this study, we have provided the first evidence that MCs can kill bacteria by entrapping them in extracellular structures similar to the extracellular traps described for neutrophils (NETs). We took advantage of the ability of MCs to kill the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes by a phagocytosis-independent mechanism in order to characterize the extracellular antimicrobial activity of MCs. Close contact of bacteria and MCs was required for full antimicrobial activity. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that S pyogenes was entrapped by extracellular structures produced by MCs (MCETs), which are composed of DNA, histones, tryptase, and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Disruption of MCETs significantly reduced the antimicrobial effect of MCs, suggesting that intact extracellular webs are critical for effective inhibition of bacterial growth. Similar to NETs, production of MCETs was mediated by a reactive oxygen species (ROS)–dependent cell death mechanism accompanied by disruption of the nuclear envelope, which can be induced after stimulation of MCs with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), H2O2, or bacterial pathogens. Our study provides the first experimental evidence of antimicrobial extracellular traps formation by an immune cell population other than neutrophils.
Identification of 31 novel mutations in the F8 gene in Spanish hemophilia A patients: structural analysis of 20 missense mutations suggests new intermolecular binding sites
Authors: Venceslá Adoración , Corral-Rodríguez María Ángeles , Baena Manel , Cornet Mónica , Domènech Montserrat , Baiget Montserrat , Fuentes-Prior Pablo , Tizzano Eduardo F. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a wide variety of mutations in the factor 8 (F8) gene, leading to absent or deficient factor VIII (FVIII). We analyzed the F8 gene of 267 unrelated Spanish patients with HA. After excluding patients with the common intron-1 and intron-22 inversions and large deletions, we detected 137 individuals with small mutations, 31 of which had not been reported previously. Eleven of these were nonsense, frameshift, and splicing mutations, whereas 20 were missense changes. We assessed the impact of the 20 substitutions based on currently available information about FV and FVIII structure and function relationship, including previously reported results of replacements at these and topologically equivalent positions. Although most changes are likely to cause gross structural perturbations and concomitant cofactor instability, p.Ala375Ser is predicted to affect cofactor activation. Finally, 3 further mutations (p.Pro64Arg, p.Gly494Val, and p.Asp2267Gly) appear to affect cofactor interactions with its carrier protein, von Willebrand factor, with the scavenger receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP), and/or with the substrate of the FVIIIapi•FIXa (Xase) complex, factor X. Characterization of these novel mutations is important for adequate genetic counseling in HA families, but also contributes to a better understanding of FVIII structure-function relationship.
Ezrin is a target for oncogenic Kit mutants in murine erythroleukemia
Authors: Monni Richard , Haddaoui Lamya , Naba Alexandra , Gallais Isabelle , Arpin Monique , Mayeux Patrick , Moreau-Gachelin Françoise 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe model of erythroleukemia caused by Spi-1/PU.1 transgenesis in mice is a multistage disease. A preleukemic step is characterized by an acute proliferation of proerythroblasts due to the arrest of differentiation provoked by Spi-1/PU.1. Later on, a blastic crisis occurs associated with somatic oncogenic mutations in the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor kit. To gain insights into the mechanisms of the leukemic progression, we performed proteomic profiling analyses of proerythroblasts isolated at the 2 stages of the disease. Our results indicate that the level of ezrin, a membrane cytoskeletal crosslinker, is increased in the leukemic cells. We show that Kit oncogenic forms are responsible for ezrin phosphorylation and that phosphorylation rather than overexpression is essential in the leukemic proerythroblasts. Using expression of dominant-negative forms of ezrin, we show that phosphorylation of ezrin on residue Y353 participates in apoptosis resistance, whereas phosphorylation on residue Y145 promotes proliferation of the leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo. Another recurrent oncogenic form of tyrosine kinases (Flt3) most frequently involved in human myeloid leukemia was also able to phosphorylate ezrin. These findings point to a new role for ezrin as signaling player in the development of leukemia, being a downstream effector of oncogenic tyrosine kinases in leukemic blasts.
Pharmacogenetics of minimal residual disease response in children with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Davies Stella M. , Borowitz Michael J. , Rosner Gary L. , Ritz Kristin , Devidas Meenakshi , Winick Naomi , Martin Paul L. , Bowman Paul , Elliott James , Willman Cheryl , Das Soma , Cook Edwin H. , Relling Mary V. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) as a marker of antileukemic drug efficacy is being used to assess risk status and, in some cases, to adjust the intensity of therapy. Within known prognostic categories, the determinants of MRD are not known. We measured MRD by flow cytometry at day 8 (in blood) and at day 28 (in bone marrow) of induction therapy in more than 1000 children enrolled in Pediatric Oncology Group therapy protocols 9904, 9905, and 9906. We classified patients as “best risk” if they had cleared MRD by day 8 of therapy and as “worst risk” if they had MRD remaining in bone marrow at day 28, and tested whether MRD was related to polymorphisms in 16 loci in genes hypothesized to influence response to therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). After adjusting for known prognostic features such as presence of the TEL-AML1 rearrangement, National Cancer Institute (NCI) risk status, ploidy, and race, the G allele of a common polymorphism in chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) was associated with more favorable MRD status than the A allele (P = .009, logistic regression), when comparing “best” and “worst” risk groups. These data are consistent with growing evidence that both acquired and host genetics influence response to cancer therapy.
Zebrafish in hematology: sushi or science?
Authors: Carradice Duncan , Lieschke Graham J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAfter a decade of the “modern era” of zebrafish hematology research, what have been their major contributions to hematology and what challenges does the model face? This review argues that, in hematology, zebrafish have demonstrated their suitability, are proving their utility, have supplied timely and novel discoveries, and are poised for further significant contributions. It presents an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of zebrafish hematopoiesis underpinning their use in hematology research. Whereas reverse genetic techniques enable functional studies of particular genes of interest, forward genetics remains zebrafish's particular strength. Mutants with diverse and interesting hematopoietic defects are emerging from multiple genetic screens. Some mutants model hereditary blood diseases, occasionally leading to disease genes first; others provide insights into developmental hematology. Models of malignant hematologic disorders provide tools for drug-target and pharmaceutics discovery. Numerous transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently marked blood cells enable live-cell imaging of inflammatory responses and host-pathogen interactions previously inaccessible to direct observation in vivo, revealing unexpected aspects of leukocyte behavior. Zebrafish disease models almost uniquely provide a basis for efficient whole animal chemical library screens for new therapeutics. Despite some limitations and challenges, their successes and discovery potential mean that zebrafish are here to stay in hematology research.
Donor cell–derived osteopoiesis originates from a self-renewing stem cell with a limited regenerative contribution after transplantation
Authors: Dominici Massimo , Marino Roberta , Rasini Valeria , Spano Carlotta , Paolucci Paolo , Conte Pierfranco , Hofmann Ted J. , Horwitz Edwin M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn principle, bone marrow transplantation should offer effective treatment for disorders originating from defects in mesenchymal stem cells. Results with the bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta support this hypothesis, although the rate of clinical improvement seen early after transplantation does not persist long term, raising questions as to the regenerative capacity of the donor-derived mesenchymal progenitors. We therefore studied the kinetics and histologic/anatomic pattern of osteopoietic engraftment after transplantation of GFP-expressing nonadherent marrow cells in mice. Serial tracking of donor-derived GFP+ cells over 52 weeks showed abundant clusters of donor-derived osteoblasts/osteocytes in the epiphysis and metaphysis but not the diaphysis, a distribution that paralleled the sites of initial hematopoietic engraftment. Osteopoietic chimerism decreased from approximately 30% to 10% by 24 weeks after transplantation, declining to negligible levels thereafter. Secondary transplantation studies provided evidence for a self-renewing osteopoietic stem cell in the marrow graft. We conclude that a transplantable, primitive, self-renewing osteopoietic cell within the nonadherent marrow cell population engrafts in an endosteal niche, like hematopoietic stem cells, and regenerates a significant fraction of all bone cells. The lack of durable donor-derived osteopoiesis may reflect an intrinsic genetic program or exogenous environmental signaling that suppresses the differentiation capacity of the donor stem cells.