Effect of Adjacent Expansible Fluids and Caprock Leakage on Build-up and Drawdown Behavior of Wells in an Aquifer
Authors: Miller Maurice C. , Tek M. Rasin , Katz Donald L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Previous studies have shown the influence of geometric variations on the drawdown and build-up behavior of a well completed in a homogeneous, porous medial containing a single-phase fluid. Other papers have shown the influence of leakage across caprocks on drawdown tests on water wells and aquifers. This paper presents two additional cases: the influence of an adjacent, expansible source of fluid, and the effect of caprock leakage on the measured in situ permeability and compressibility. Methods are developed for evaluating the influence of these two deviations from a uniform aquifer upon the in situ permeability and compressibility indicated by pump tests.
Introduction
In relatively uniform porous media, saturated with a single-phase fluid, the effective reservoir permeability and compressibility of the water porous bed system may be obtained from drawdown and build-up data on wells, such as the initial wells drilled in aquifer storage reservoirs (Horners and Katz et al.). In considering the drawdown and build-up behavior of wells adjacent to storage reservoirs, or of wells in an aquifer adjacent to an unknown gas field, questions arise as to the quantitative effect of the presence of compressible fluid on the measured permeability and compressibility of the formation. The solution to this problem is presented, using a constant pressure line source at some distance from two wells, one of which is pumped and the other used as the pressure observation well. The solution is presented in terms of the geometry of the wells and their relationship to the constant pressure line. It is known that caprock leakage can interfere with the determination of an aquifer in situ permeability and compressibility (Hantush, Hantush and Jacob, and Witherspoon and Mueller). This paper presents an added case of the effect of leakage through a caprock of known thickness and permeability on well tests starting with a reservoir of constant pressure above the caprock leakage show similar deviations from expected in situ permeability and compressibility results, and the solutions are similar in form. These two cases are presented together since both a compressible fluid nearby and caprock leakage show similar deviations from expected in situ permeability and compressibility results, and the solutions are similar in form.
EFFECT OF A NEIGHBORING CONSTANT PRESSURE SOURCE ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS
Bixel Larkin and van Poollen presented a paper showing the influence of a discontinuity of the properties of a fluid formation system on drawdown and build-up performance. Their case is related to the present study but may be distinguished from it in that their numerical work and resulting graphs relate only to the performance of the pumping well itself. Incorrect values for in situ reservoir properties may be obtained from pump test data if the skin effect of the well and afterflow are not considered. Analysis of this problem by the authors indicated that the more reliable method of evaluating the influence of an adjacent gas field or expansible source was to use one well for pumping and another well at some distance from it for observing the aquifer pressure performance.
An expansible source of hydrocarbon near a pumping well may be approximated by a line of constant pressure for a pump test. Fig. 1 illustrates a pumping well and an observation well near a line of constant pressure.
SPEJ
P. 239ˆ