bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing environmental enrichment for Sprague Dawley rats: Exemplary insights into the liver proteome
Authors: Roschke Nathalie N. , Hillebrandt Karl H. , Polenz Dietrich , Klein Oliver , Gassner Joseph M. G. V. , Pratschke Johann , Krenzien Felix , Sauer Igor M. , Raschzok Nathanael , Moosburner Simon 
Published: April 2024

Background
Considering the expected increase in the elderly population and the growing emphasis on aging-related biomedical research, the demand for aged laboratory animals has surged, challenging established husbandry practices. Our objective was to establish a cost-effective method for environmental enrichment, utilizing the liver as a representative organ to assess potential metabolic changes in response to differing enrichment levels.

Methods
We conducted a six-month study involving 24 male Sprague Dawley rats, randomly assigned to four environmental enrichment groups. Two groups were housed in standard cages, while the others were placed in modified rabbit cages. Half of the groups received weekly playtime in an activity focused rat housing unit. We evaluated hormone levels, playtime behavior, and subjective handling experience. Additionally, liver tissue proteomic analysis was performed.

Results
Initial corticosterone levels and those after 3 and 6 months showed no significant differences. Yet, testosterone levels were lower in the control group by the end of the study (p = 0.007). We observed 1871 distinct proteins in liver tissue, with 77% being common across groups. In gene ontology analysis, no specific pathways were overexpressed. In semiquantitative analysis, we observed differences in proteins associated in lipid metabolism such as Apolipoprotein A-I and Acyl-CoA 6-desaturase, which were lower in the control group (p = 0.024 and p = 0.009). Rats in the intervention groups with weekly playtime displayed the least amount of reported distress during inspection or upon room entry and were less prone to accepting treats. Removing animals from their enclosure was most effortless for those in the large cage group. Over time, there was a decrease in conflicts among rats that interacted only twice weekly during playpen time.

Discussion
In summary, refining husbandry practices for aging rats is both simple and budget-friendly, with no apparent adverse effects on stress levels, animal development, or relevant metabolic changes in the liver.
Comparison of quality and interpretation of newborn ultrasound screening examinations for developmental dysplasia of the hip by basically trained nurses and junior physicians with no previous ultrasound experience
Authors: Ulziibat Munkhtulga , Munkhuu Bayalag , Schmid Raoul , Wyder Corinne , Baumann Thomas , Essig Stefan 
Published: April 2024

Background
We are obliged to give babies the chance to profit from a nationwide screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip in very rural areas of Mongolia, where trained physicians are scarce. This study aimed to compare the quality and interpretation of hip ultrasound screening examinations performed by nurses and junior physicians.

Methods
A group of 6 nurses and 6 junior physician volunteers with no previous ultrasound experience underwent Graf’s standard training in hands-on practice. Newborns were examined before discharge from the hospital, according to the national guideline. Two standard documentation images of each hip were saved digitally. The groups were compared on the proportion of good quality of sonograms and correct interpretation. Two Swiss supervisors’ agreed diagnosis according to Graf was considered the final reference for the study purposes.

Results
A total of 201 newborns (402 hips or 804 sonograms) were examined in the study, with a mean age of 1.3±0.8 days at examination. Junior physicians examined 100 newborns (200 hips or 400 sonograms), while nurses examined 101 newborns (202 hips or 404 sonograms). The study subjects of the two groups were well balanced for the distribution of baseline characteristics. The study observed no statistically significant difference in the quality of Graf’s standard plane images between the providers. Eventually, 92.0% (92) of the physician group and 89.1% (90) of the nurse group were correctly diagnosed as “Group A” (Graf’s Type 1 hip) or “Non-Group A” hips (p = 0.484). The most common errors among the groups were a missing lower limb, wrong measurement lines, and technical problems.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that while there might be a trend of slightly more technical mistakes in the nurse group, the overall diagnosis accuracy is similar to junior physicians after receiving standard training in Graf’s hip ultrasound method. However, after basic training, regular quality control is a must and all participants should receive refresher trainings. More specifically, nurses need training in the identification of anatomical structures.
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of mavacamten in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on qualitative assessment, biomarkers, and cardiac imaging
Authors: Vyas Rahul , Panchal Viraj , Jain Shubhika , Sondhi Manush , Singh Mansunderbir , Jaisingh Keerthish , Thotamgari Sahith Reddy , Thakre Anuj , Modi Kalgi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex cardiac condition characterized by hypercontractility of cardiac muscle leading to a dynamic obstruction of left ventricular outlet tract (LVOT). Mavacamten, a first-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, is increasingly being studied in randomized controlled trials. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety profile of Mavacamten compared to placebo in patients of HCM.

Method
We carried out a comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov to analyze the efficacy and safety of mavacamten compared to placebo from 2010 to 2023. To calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) at 95% confidence interval (CI), the Mantel-Haenszel formula with random effect was used and Generic Inverse Variance method assessed pooled mean difference value at a 95% CI. RevMan was used for analysis. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results
We analyzed five phase 3 RCTs including 609 patients to compare mavacamten with a placebo. New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade improvement and KCCQ score showed the odds ratio as 4.94 and 7.93 with p<0.00001 at random effect, respectively. Cardiac imaging which included LAVI, LVOT at rest, LVOT post valsalva, LVOT post-exercise, and reduction in LVEF showed the pooled mean differences for change as -5.29, -49.72, -57.45, -36.11, and -3.00 respectively. Changes in LVEDV and LVMI were not statistically significant. The pooled mean difference for change in NT-proBNP and Cardiac troponin-I showed 0.20 and 0.57 with p<0.00001. The efficacy was evaluated in 1) A composite score, which was defined as either 1·5 mL/kg per min or greater increase in peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) and at least one NYHA class reduction, or a 3·0 mL/kg per min or greater pVO2 increase without NYHA class worsening and 2) changes in pVO2, which was not statistically significant. Similarly, any treatment-associated emergent adverse effects (TEAE), treatment-associated serious adverse effects (TSAE), and cardiac-related adverse effects were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Mavacamten influences diverse facets of HCM comprehensively. Notably, our study delved into the drug’s impact on the heart’s structural and functional aspects, providing insights that complement prior findings. Further large-scale trials are needed to evaluate the safety profile of Mavacamten.
Exploring acupuncture as a treatment for insomnia in perimenopausal women with stable angina pectoris: A protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Shi Rui , Meng Wenyi , Liu Zhaozheng , Xue Wen , Chen Xingyu , Deng Yue 
Published: April 2024

Background
Insomnia has emerged as a major public health issue jeopardizing human wellbeing. Furthermore, insomnia and angina arise concomitantly and exert reciprocal effects. Multiple studies suggest that perimenopausal females are more prone to experiencing both angina and insomnia, consequently substantially compromising their quality of life.Credible evidence suggests that acupuncture exerts a beneficial impact in alleviating insomnia. Nevertheless, the exhaustive investigation into the potential of acupuncture for mitigating insomnia co-occurring with stable angina in perimenopausal females remains a realm yet to be traversed in the realm of randomized controlled trials. Hence, the primary intent of this research protocol was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of acupuncture when administered to perimenopausal subjects grappling with concomitant conditions of stable angina and insomnia.

Methods
This study entails a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 110 patients exhibiting insomnia concomitant with stable angina in the perimenopausal period will be enlisted and randomized to either acupuncture or sham acupuncture. Participants in both arms will undergo 30-minute sessions thrice weekly over a 12-week intervention period, with a 12-week maximum follow-up. The primary outcome measure is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI). Secondary outcomes encompass the Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36), Dosage of sleeping pills, SAP-associated evaluations, including C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cardiac fatty acid-binding protein levels (C-FABP), and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Additionally, the study includes assessments using the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HAMD) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Primary and secondary outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks (upon completion of the intervention), and at an additional 12-week follow-up. Any adverse events will be rigorously classified and characterized with respect to time of onset and abatement, therapeutic interventions implemented, impact on the primary morbidity, and regression.

Discussion
The current study is poised to furnish pivotal clinical data on the utility of acupuncture for stable angina with concomitant insomnia in perimenopausal women, with the findings to be propagated through academic conferences and peer-reviewed publications.

Clinical trial registration
Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20221121001. Registered 19 November 2022.
Factors associated with bypassing primary healthcare facilities for childbirth among women in Devchuli municipality of Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Manisha , Sharma Sudim , Kaphle Hari Prasad 
Published: April 2024

Background
It is crucial to deliver a child at nearby primary healthcare facilities to prevent subsequent maternal or neonatal complications. In low-resource settings, such as Nepal, it is customary to forgo the neighboring primary healthcare facilities for child delivery. Reports are scanty about the extent and reasons for bypassing local health centers in Nepal. This study sought to determine the prevalence and contributing factors among women bypassing primary healthcare facilities for childbirth.

Method
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Devchuli municipality of Nawalparasi East district of Nepal. Utilizing an online data collection tool, structured interviews were conducted among 314 mothers having a child who is less than one year of age.

Results
This study showed that 58.9% of the respondents chose to bypass their nearest primary healthcare facility to deliver their babies in secondary or tertiary hospitals. Respondent’s husband’s employment status; informal employment (AOR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.8–10.2) and formal employment (AOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.8), wealth quintile (AOR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.7–7.7), parity (AOR): 3.0; 95% CI: 1.6–5.7], distance to nearest primary healthcare facility by the usual mode of transportation (AOR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5–5.6) and perceived service quality of primary healthcare facility (AOR: 3.759; 95% CI: 2.0–7.0) were associated with greater likelihood of bypassing primary healthcare facility.

Conclusion
Enhancing the quality of care, and informing beneficiaries about the importance of delivering children at primary healthcare facilities are essential for improving maternal service utilization at local primary healthcare facilities.
Adjunctive Use of Wide-Area Transepithelial Sampling-3D in Patients With Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Increases Detection of Barrett's Esophagus and Dysplasia
Authors: Shaheen Nicholas J. , Odze Robert D. , Singer Mendel E. , Salyers William J. , Srinivasan Sachin , Kaul Vivek , Trindade Arvind J. , Aravapalli Amit , Herman Robert D. , Smith Michael S. , McKinley Matthew J. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) symptoms undergoing screening upper endoscopy for Barrett's esophagus (BE) frequently demonstrate columnar-lined epithelium, with forceps biopsies (FBs) failing to yield intestinal metaplasia (IM). Repeat endoscopy is then often necessary to confirm a BE diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the yield of IM leading to a diagnosis of BE by the addition of wide-area transepithelial sampling (WATS-3D) to FB in the screening of patients with GERD.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective registry study of patients with GERD undergoing screening upper endoscopy. Patients had both WATS-3D and FB. Patients were classified by their Z line appearance: regular, irregular (<1 cm columnar-lined epithelium), possible short-segment BE (1 to <3 cm), and possible long-segment BE (≥3 cm). Demographics, IM yield, and dysplasia yield were calculated. Adjunctive yield was defined as cases identified by WATS-3D not detected by FB, divided by cases detected by FB. Clinicians were asked if WATS-3D results affected patient management.

RESULTS:
Of 23,933 patients, 6,829 (28.5%) met endoscopic criteria for BE. Of these, 2,878 (42.1%) had IM identified by either FB or WATS-3D. Among patients fulfilling endoscopic criteria for BE, the adjunctive yield of WATS-3D was 76.5% and absolute yield was 18.1%. One thousand three hundred seventeen patients (19.3%) who fulfilled endoscopic BE criteria had IM detected solely by WATS-3D. Of 240 patients with dysplasia, 107 (44.6%) were found solely by WATS-3D. Among patients with positive WATS-3D but negative FB, the care plan changed in 90.7%.

DISCUSSION:
The addition of WATS-3D to FB in patients with GERD being screened for BE resulted in confirmation of BE in an additional one-fifth of patients. Furthermore, dysplasia diagnoses approximately doubled.
Isolated Celiac Artery Vasculitis Presenting as Ileus in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ali Sareena , Doniparthi Meghana , Asado Nahren , Borgen Kristina , Shapiro Alan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
There is a known association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and vasculitis, which can present with mesenteric ischemia or cutaneous manifestations. Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) used to treat IBD, has been implicated as a potential culprit. We present a unique case of a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed isolated celiac artery vasculitis presenting with abdominal pain and ileus after decreasing his dosage of azathioprine. Vasculitis resolved with steroids and increasing azathioprine dosage, while continuing anti-TNF therapy, suggesting that anti-TNF agents are not the only cause of vasculitis in patients with IBD or that thiopurines may be protective.
Duodenocaval Fistula: Unmasking the Rare Culprit of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Fiedler Alexandra , Dhindsa Banreet , Singh Shailender 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Duodenocaval fistula is an extremely rare and life-threatening cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and septicemia. Diagnosing this condition is challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, leading to significant delays in diagnosis and contributing to its remarkably high mortality rate. We present a unique case of duodenocaval fistula associated with prior radiation, peptic ulcer disease, and antiangiogenic cancer therapy, nearly resulting in the death of a young patient.
Fruits of Japanese quince are a valuable commodity for the food and pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Berdiyev Mirtemir 
Published: April 2024

The article presents analytical data on the medicinal content of the fruit of the Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) introduced to Shakhrisabz. Based on the study of its growth and development under the conditions of introduction, it was determined that it is promising for Shahrisabz, and it will produce a lot of goods in the new conditions. It was concluded that it is possible to spread it to other regions of the region, as well as to enrich the food and pharmacopoeia industry with valuable raw materials, by developing a scientifically based technology of increasing fertility in new conditions.
The de-legitimation of Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) in “The Social Dilemma” (2020): a post-digital cognitive-stylistic approach
Authors: Elyamany Nashwa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Released on Netflix, the most popular algorithm-oriented streaming service, The Social Dilemma (TSD) is a vivid manifestation of how the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) have turned both to new species of post-digital, semio-cognitive power. Premised on the conception of MLAs as non-human intermediaries, this research endeavor proposes a novel post-digital ethnography of technologically-mediated algorithmic contexts and takes the challenge of examining MLAs as distributed, contested, and unbounded figures in the filmic narrative of this Netflix production. For the purpose, the paper employs post-digital cognitive-stylistic analytical tools, geared by van Leeuwen’s (de)-legitimation strategies, to showcase how MLAs, as socio-technical actors, are semio-cognitively materialized through spatio-temporal, narrative-immersive de-legitimating patterns. The examination of algorithms as socio-technical imaginary agents fully integrated within sociotechnical assemblages yields insightful findings. Delving deep into the multiple “posts” in the post-digital milieu of the film, the analysis affords valuable results that reframe, rename, and de-legitimate MLAs’ performative agency that is not only procedural-computational, but is socio-technical, semio-discursive, and cognitive-stylistic as well.
Cannabis effectiveness on immunologic potency of pulmonary contagion
Authors: Das Sumana , Ghosh Arya , Karmakar Varnita , Khawas Sourav , Vatsha Piyush , Roy Kishor Kumar , Behera Padma Charan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Respiratory illnesses and its repercussions are becoming more prevalent worldwide. It is necessary to research both innovative treatment and preventative techniques. Millions of confirmed cases and fatalities from the COVID-19 epidemic occurred over the previous two years. According to the review research, cannabinoids are a class of medicines that should be considered for the treatment of respiratory conditions. Cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have illustrated advantageous anti-inflammatory, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary artery hypotension in numerous studies (in vitro and in vivo). It has been also noted that CB2 receptors on macrophages and T-helper cells may be particularly triggered to lower inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Since the majority of lung tissue contains cannabinoid receptors, cannabis can be an effective medical tool for treating COVID-19 as well as pulmonary infections. Notably, CB2 and CB1 receptors play a major role in immune system modulation and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we put forth the idea that cannabis might be helpful in treating pulmonary contagion brought on by viral integration, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, haemophilus influenza type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Also, a detailed overview of CB receptors, intricate mechanisms, is highlighted connecting link with COVID-19 viral structural modifications along with molecular basis of CB receptors in diminishing viral load in pulmonary disorders supported through evident literature studies. Further, futuristic evaluations on cannabis potency through novel formulation development focusing on in vivo/in vitro systems can produce promising results.
Utilization of graphene and rGO membranes for water and wastewater treatments
Authors: Chatterjee Debolina , Sivashanmugam Karthikeyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Water and wastewater treatment is crucial to meet the global demand for clean drinking water and attaining environmental sustainability. Using graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes for wastewater and water treatment is innovative in tackling water pollution and water scarcity worldwide. Graphene-based membranes have been proven advantageous and effective in water purification due to their unique qualities such as increased surface area, mechanical and thermal durability, adsorbability, and antifouling and antibacterial capabilities. This chapter discusses the synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide membranes and their hybrid derivatives. It also discusses their applicability and challenges in wastewater purification. Ongoing research is necessary to optimize these membranes, as challenges persist in the large-scale cost-effective production for widespread use in water treatment plants.
Geraniol and citral: recent developments in their anticancer credentials opening new vistas in complementary cancer therapy
Authors: Srivastava Gauri , Mukherjee Esha , Mittal Ruchika , Ganjewala Deepak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
About 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Globally, it is the second leading cause of death after heart disease, and by 2035, the death toll could reach 14.6 million. Several drugs and treatments are available to treat cancer, but survival rates remain low. Many studies in recent years have shown that plant-derived monoterpenes, particularly geraniol and citral, are effective against various cancers, including breast, liver, melanoma, endometrial, colon, prostate, and skin cancers. This trend has opened new possibilities for the development of new therapeutics or adjuvants in the field of cancer therapy. These monoterpenes can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy by modulating many signaling molecules and pathways within tumors. Analysis of reports on the anticancer effects published in the past 5 years provided an overview of the most important results of these and related properties. Also, the molecular mechanisms by which they exert their anticancer effects in cell and animal studies have been explained. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the scope of geraniol and citral as complementary or alternative treatment options in cancer therapy.