bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis Use Disorder Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations and 5-Year Mortality
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Pugliese Michael , McDonald André J. , Xiao Jennifer , Fischer Benedikt , Finkelstein Yaron , Tanuseputro Peter , Firth Joseph , Pakpour Amir , Hsu Chih-Wei , Chang Wing-Chung , Solmi Marco 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceCannabis use disorders (CUD) are associated with adverse health effects, including mental disorders and motor vehicle collision-related injuries. However, little is known about whether CUDs are associated with increased mortality risk.ObjectiveTo examine whether individuals receiving incident hospital-based care (an emergency department visit or hospitalization) for a CUD is associated with increased risk of death.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study included all individuals aged 15 to 105 years living in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 and 2021 (n = 11 622 571 individuals). Overall and cause-specific mortality were compared between individuals with incident hospital-based CUD care and age- and sex-matched members of the general population or individuals with hospital-based care for other substance use disorders using cause-specific hazard models adjusted for comorbid mental health, substance use, and chronic health conditions. Statistical analysis was performed from September to December 2024.ExposureIncident hospital-based CUD care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall and cause-specific mortality identified using vital statistics.ResultsThe matched analysis included 527 972 individuals (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [13.6] years; 330 034 [62.5%] female) with a median (IQR) follow-up of 5 (3-9) years; 106 994 had incident CUD. Within 5 years of incident hospital-based CUD care, 3770 individuals (3.5%) died compared with 3770 (0.6%) of matched general population members. After adjusting for comorbid conditions, individuals with incident hospital-based CUD care were at increased risk of death relative to the general population (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.79 [95% CI, 2.62-2.97]). Individuals with hospital-based CUD care were at increased risk of all investigated types of death and particularly elevated risk of death by suicide (aHR, 9.70 [95% CI, 6.04-15.57]), trauma (aHR, 4.55 [95% CI, 3.55-5.82]), opioid poisoning (aHR, 5.03 [95% CI, 2.86-8.84]), other drug poisonings (aHR, 4.56 [95% CI, 3.11-6.68]), and lung cancer (aHR, 3.81 [95% CI, 2.39-6.07]) relative to the general population. Compared with an individual with hospital-based care for CUD, individuals with hospital-based care for alcohol (aHR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.26-1.34]), stimulants (aHR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.62-1.75]), and opioids (aHR, 2.19 [95% CI, 2.10-2.27]) were at relatively increased risk of death within 5 years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of all residents of Ontario, Canada, individuals with incident hospital-based CUD care were at markedly increased risk of death compared with the general population. These findings suggest important clinical and policy implications, given global trends toward cannabis legalization and market commercialization accompanied by increasing cannabis use and CUDs.
Cardiac‐Focused Multi‐Organ Chips: Advanced Disease Modeling, Drug Testing, and Inter‐Organ Communication
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Yushen , Han Junlei , Zhao Weilong , Zhang Wenhong , Li Xinyu , Chen Jun , Song Wei , Wang Li 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeart disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge to global healthcare systems. Traditional animal models and cell culture techniques are instrumental in advancing the understanding of cardiac pathophysiology. However, these methods are limited in their ability to fully replicate the heart's intricate functions. This underscores the need for a deeper investigation into the fundamental mechanisms of heart disease. Notably, cardiac pathology is often influenced by systemic factors, with conditions in other organs contributing to disease onset and progression. Cardiac‐focused multi‐organ chip technology has emerged to better elucidate these complex inter‐organ communications and address the limitations of current in vitro models. This technology offers a novel approach by recreating the cardiac microenvironment and integrating it with other organ systems, thereby enabling more precise disease modeling and drug toxicity assessment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the heart's structure and function, explores the advancements in cardiac organ chip development, and highlights the applications of cardiac‐focused multi‐organ chips in medical research. Finally, the future potential of this technology in enhancing disease modeling and therapeutic evaluation is discussed.
Anti‐dissolving High Entropy Phosphorus Sulfide for Efficient and Durable Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Dai Yao , Tu Xueyang , Yue Kaihang , Wan Yingjie , Zhao Peng , Shi Xuerong , Huang Fuqiang , Yan Ya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDirect seawater electrolysis is a promising technology for massive green hydrogen production but is limited by the lack of durable and efficient electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a high entropy phosphorus sulfide (HEPS) is prepared as a high‐performance OER catalyst for seawater splitting through a simple vacuum high‐temperature sintering method. This catalyst needs overpotentials of merely 245 and 313 mV in alkalized seawater to deliver current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, and operates continuously for 1200 h in a practical electrolyzer with negligible activity decay, making it one of the best OER catalysts for seawater electrolysis reported to date. Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the excellent durability of HEPS originates from the P and S in the material is oxidized and forms an anionic protective layer to repel chloride ions, preventing further corrosion of the material. Meanwhile, the formed V2Ox species can effectively prevent the material from further oxidation. Further, a highly stable and efficient seawater electrolyzer is assembled with the HEPS anode and the Ru@C cathode to demonstrate the practicability of the catalysts.
From Salt in Water, Water in Salt to Beyond
Authors: Dong Dejian , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Zhang Xiyue , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTraditional aqueous electrolytes have a limited electrochemical stability window due to the decomposition voltage of water (≈1.23 V). “Water‐in‐Salt” (WIS) electrolytes are developed, which expand the stability window of aqueous electrolytes from 1.23 to 3 V and sparked a global surge of research in aqueous batteries. This breakthrough revealed novel aspects of solvation structure, ion transport mechanisms, and interfacial properties in WIS electrolytes, marking the start of a new era in solution chemistry that extends beyond traditional dilute electrolytes and has implications across electrolyte research. In this review, the current mechanistic understanding of WIS electrolytes and their derivative designs, focusing on the construction of solvation structures is presented. The insights gained and limitations encountered in bulk solvation structure engineering is further discussed. Finally, future directions beyond WIS for advancing aqueous electrolyte design is proposed.
Polarization Manipulated Transmissive Structural Color Based on Dual Complementary Nanograting Cavities
Authors: Wang Chenqian , Cheng Xiguo , Tang Zeyang , Ren Zhenwei , Chen Yu , Hu Xin , Wang Chinhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D structural color metasurfaces have emerged as an ideal and sustainable alternative to chemical dyes due to their stability and environment‐friendly attributes. In this study, a polarization‐manipulated transmissive structural color based on dual complementary nanograting cavities (DC‐NGC) is proposed and experimentally validated. The DC‐NGC structure is implemented with Ag‐covered dielectric nano gratings sitting on a substrate with a thin dielectric and metallic film. It is found that not only strong polarization dependent and wavelength selective transmission occurs in the structure, but also an additional selective absorption under transverse magnetic (TM) incidence for high‐order transmission associated with the inherent multiple nanocavity resonant modes. These features make both high design flexibility and a rich color palette with a narrow linewidth possible. Experimental demonstrations are performed by validating the polarization‐dependent and wavelength‐selective behaviors, fabricating a color palette with varying structural parameters and three different vibrant and colorful patterns showcasing diverse colors under different polarization states. The proposed dual‐nanograting‐cavity color filter with versatile polarization colors and superior color purity holds significant potential in various applications, including full‐color filtering, display, and micro‐pattern anti‐counterfeiting.
Predictive Design to Determine Optimal Absorber Placement in Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Authors: Bleyer Gudrun , Nees Nico , Prohaska Florian , Pflug Lukas , Stingl Michael , Vogel Nicolas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStructural coloration abounds in nature and its remarkable optical effects are mimicked in synthetic photonic crystals and glasses. However, the color saturation of these synthetic structures is often diminished by incoherent scattering caused by defects and irregularities. The inclusion of absorbing materials increases color saturation, but where this absorber is most efficiently incorporated within a photonic structure remains unknown. Here, this question is addressed using predictive design. A mathematical structure optimization algorithm is developed that iteratively places absorbing particles within a colloidal photonic crystal until an optimal distribution that produces maximum chroma values is identified. This rigorous optimization shows that placement of the absorbing material in the bottom layers of the photonic structure is most efficient in producing highly chromatic structural colors compared to other common absorber placements. Experiments based on a layer‐by‐layer assembly of polystyrene@polydopamine core–shell particles with controlled absorber distribution confirm these findings. These results demonstrate the ability of predictive design to guide the experimental realization of structurally‐colored materials with optimal properties without the need for time‐ and resource‐consuming experimental parameter studies.
Efficient Confinement of Solid Capacity Booster Powder as Monolithic Structures for High Performance Redox Mediated Flow Batteries
Authors: Marin‐Tajadura Gimena , He Yi , Ruiz Virginia , Ventosa Edgar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConfinement of solid electroactive materials in the external reservoirs of Redox‐Mediated Flow Batteries (RMFB) is of critical importance for the development of this family of battery technologies. Herein, an efficient strategy that is based on a flow‐through configuration is proposed. Confinement of all solid particles in a single porous block (so‐called monolith) that occupies the entire reservoir brings practical and fundamental advantages. The improved flow distribution across the reservoir for the flow‐through configuration enables enhanced kinetics and utilization rates (twice the utilization rate in 20% shorter time). Pressure drop induced by the flow‐through configuration is easily reduced by changing the reservoir geometry becoming negligible in comparison to the drop induced by the cell (value for the monolith can be as low as 0.2% of the cell value). Additionally, determination of intrinsic properties of the steady monolith prior to its encapsulation enables knowing textural properties of the reservoir which are required for fundamental aspects. While ferrocyanide – Prussian Blue (redox mediator – solid booster) is used as model system here, the versatility of this strategy enables its implementation in other systems including future chemistries.
Gas hydrates in future food production: A comprehensive review of the potential of an emerging technology
Authors: Prah Benedict , Luzi Giovanni , Delgado Antonio , Cho Man‐gi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis review aims to explore the potential of hydrate technology, an emerging and innovative approach in the food and beverage sector for applications such as food preservation, carbonation, baking agents, and juice concentration. In particular, the latest advancements and limitations of hydrate technology are explored and discussed. Based on a collection of experimental and modeling data available elsewhere in literature, the dynamics of hydrate formation in the presence of food produce and beverages and their influence on growth kinetics, preservation, nutritional content, sensory qualities, and separation efficiency are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review analyses thermodynamic and kinetic studies, modeling, and process engineering of hydrate technology. The goal is to bridge the gap between fundamental scientific insight and industrial‐scale adoption of gas hydrate utilization in food separation processes.
Ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction of dinitriles with primary alcohols for the synthesis of N‐alkylated cyclic β‐enaminonitriles
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhao Qiang , Su Shibin , Zhang Weiwei , Yao Yao , Wang Pei , Tang Dong , Zhou Pengjuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel one‐pot synthetic approach for preparing N‐alkylated cyclic β‐enaminonitriles has been developed using readily available aliphatic dinitriles and primary alcohols. This method utilizes a Ru‐MACHO complex catalyst (1 mol%) in conjunction with a strong base and a nonpolar solvent, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The process is highly atom economic, producing water as the sole by‐produc. A range of N‐alkylated cyclic β‐enaminonitriles were synthesized in good to excellent yields, and the method was successfully scaled up to gram‐scale synthesis.
Synthesis of Chiral β‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Amino Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Racochote Sasirome , Kuhakarn Chutima , Leowanawat Pawaret , Chakarawet Khetpakorn , Reutrakul Vichai , Soorukram Darunee 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA practical synthesis of chiral β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino acids is reported by using water as a reaction medium to facilitate the diastereoselective aza‐Michael addition of aromatic amines to chiral β‐trifluoromethyl‐α,β‐unsaturated oxazolidinone. A variety of aromatic amines could serve as a suitable nucleophile that readily undergo nucleophilic conjugate addition at ambient temperature to provide the corresponding β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino acid derivatives in excellent combined yields (up to 97 %) with moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to 3 : 1). Being complementary to the precedent methods, this work offers the advantages, e. g., a green and environmentally friendly reaction medium, a stable and readily synthesized chiral starting material, and a simple and practical operation providing enantioenriched β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino acids which are found major applications in advanced organic synthesis and medicinal research field.
Three New Strategies to the Synthesis Of Structurally Diverse Dipyrrolobenzodiazepines. Bioactivity Evaluation
Authors: Zinoveva Anna D. , Podchufarova Valeria A. , Borisova Tatiana N. , Novikov Anton P. , Levitskaya Olga V. , Titov Alexander A. , Gaponenko Yana I. , Dang Thi Tuyet Anh , Thi Nhung Dao , Anh Le Tuan , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Varlamov Alexey V. , Voskressensky Leonid G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSimple and efficient strategies have been developed for the synthesis of three structurally diverse dipyrrolo[1,2‐a : 2′,1′‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (DPBD) derivatives. Firstly, two‐component reaction between 4‐aroylpyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines and electron‐deficient internal alkynes in different conditions was applied to obtain isomeric geminal and vicinal DPBDs (gem and vic). Secondly, multicomponent synthesis from 2‐pyrrolylbenzylamine, arylglyoxal monohydrates and same alkynes led to the formation of other vicinal DPBDs (vic’). These transformations could be conducted under mild and metal‐free conditions to provide a number of dipyrrolo[1,2‐a : 2′,1′‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives in moderate to good yields. The in vitro biological activity of title compounds have been tested. Further physicochemical and pharmacokinetic computations also demonstrated the drug‐like characteristics of synthesized compounds. The cytotoxic activity IC50 27.59 (KB cell culture) as well as molecular docking with bromodomain‐containig protein 4 (BRD4) indicated the importance of dipyrrolobenzodiazepine moieties in the development of potential anticancer agents.
Development of an atherosclerosis rabbit model to evaluate the hemodynamic impact of extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Assmann Anna Kathrin , Buschmann Jan , Reimers Sinje , Karakas Aleyna , Weber Elvira , Aubin Hug , Lichtenberg Artur , Assmann Alexander 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAortic atherosclerosis increases the risk of embolic events under extracorporeal circulation (ECC). To evaluate the hemodynamic impact of ECC on atheromatous plaques, an atherosclerosis animal model, which is also eligible for ECC, is required.MethodsTwenty‐nine New Zealand White rabbits received a pro‐atherosclerotic diet (group diet, n = 10), a pro‐atherosclerotic diet and additional intraaortic balloon insufflation injury (group BI, n = 9), or served as controls (n = 10). After 3 or 6 months, aortic explants were analyzed by (immuno‐)histology and RT‐PCR.ResultsBlood serum analyses revealed increased cholesterol‐levels in groups diet and BI compared to controls (3 months: p = 0.03 each, 6 months: p < 0.0001 each). Aortic inflammatory infiltration was significantly enhanced in groups diet (CD3 at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.02; CD68 at 3 months: p = 0.01) and BI (CD3 at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.03; CD68 at 3 months: p = 0.04, 6 months: p = 0.02). Increased intima hyperplasia occurred in both groups (p < 0.0001 each). Macroscopic analyses after 3 and 6 months showed ubiquitous lumen‐narrowing aortic plaques. Calcification of the intima and media was increased in groups diet (intima: p < 0.0001 at 3 and 6 months; media at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.01) and BI (intima: p < 0.0001 at 3 and 6 months; media at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.02). Extensive lipid accumulation was found in the intima in both treatment groups (p < 0.0001 each).ConclusionsA rabbit model with high aortic calcific plaque burden—diet‐induced with no implicit need of an additional intimal injury by an intraaortic balloon insufflation due to comparable outcome—exhibiting multiple pathophysiological aspects of human atherosclerosis has been designed and thoroughly characterized. It is suitable for use in future studies on the interaction between atherosclerotic plaques and the arterial blood flow under ECC.
Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Diynes by Allylic Alcohol‐Triggered Redox Enyne Cycloisomerization
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Lin Wenxuan , Hui Yeh Chia , Lan Yu , Zhao Yu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe report herein an unprecedented desymmetrization of 1,4‐diynes via a Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric redox cycloisomerization. This method adopts allylic alcohol‐containing diynes and provides efficient access to multi‐functional pyrrolidines and tetrahydrofurans in high to excellent stereoselectivities. Mechanistic studies highlighted an innovative catalytic pathway that differs from the classical enyne cycloisomerization and involves initiation at the allylic alcohol moiety. Diverse derivatizations of the heterocyclic products including intriguing skeletal rearrangements have also been demonstrated.
Redirecting On‐surface Cycloaddition Reactions in a Self‐assembled Ordered Molecular Array on Graphite
Authors: Huang Yu Li , Yang Ke , Yang Jing , Duan Sisheng , Wang Yihe , Sun Mingyue , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Yang Ming , Wee Andrew Thye Shen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe synthesis of atomically precise carbon nanostructures in ultra‐high vacuum has seen extensive progress on metal surfaces. However, this remains challenging on chemically inert surfaces. It is because the thermally activated C−C coupling encounters a severe “desorption problem” on weakly interacting substrates. In this study, we report an extraordinary [2+2]+[2+2] cycloaddition triggered by mild annealing (~210°C) in a highly ordered π‐conjugated molecular array on graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy. In contrast to irregular dendritic fragments typically obtained on metal substrates, large supramolecular islands are observed here with cycloaddition products and other polymers over 30 %, which are embedded as defective individuals or chains (grain boundaries). First‐principles calculations reveal that the energy barriers of the multiple dehydrohalogenation and cycloaddition reactions are reduced by catalytic Fe atoms but remain energetically unfavorable. A distinct driving mechanism is proposed for redirecting the reactions on graphite surface, where additional intermolecular coupling, steric hindrance, and interfacial interactions play significant roles. This study introduces a new paradigm for understanding on‐surface synthesis on non‐metal substrates.
Integrating Two Photochromics into One Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Synergistically Enhancing Multiple Photocatalytic Oxidations
Authors: Xing Ling‐Bao , Cheng Ke , Li Hailian , Niu Kaikai , Luan Tian‐Xiang , Kong Shuo , Yu William W. , Li Pei‐Zhou , Zhao Yanli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile photocatalytic oxidations are a category of important reactions in wide chemical synthesis, the fabrication of effective photocatalysts for broad oxidation reactions is still of a great challenge. Herein, by rationally integrating two photochromics, porphyrin and triphenylamine, a three‐dimensional photoactive covalent organic framework (COF) is successfully constructed for photocatalytic oxidations. Characterization studies not only show the formation of a crystalline and three‐dimensional porous framework, but also reveal its effective photochemical semiconductor properties derived from the porphyrin and triphenylamine moieties. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements indicate that the COF is an effective photocatalyst for the generation of both singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical anions (⋅O2−). Synergistically enhanced efficiency in all photocatalytic reactions of photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzenes and silanes as well as thioanisoles, and cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N‐phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline and indole is confirmed by both experimental and theoretical studies, demonstrating its promising potential for broad photocatalytic oxidation reactions.