bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of routine preoperative urological assessment in patients undergoing elective surgery for diverticular disease or carcinoma of the large bowel
Authors: Peel A L G , Benyon L , Grace R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A consecutive series of 176 patients was studied prospectively in order to assess the value of full urological assessment prior to elective colorectal surgery for carcinoma or diverticular disease.
Fifty-one patients had urological symptoms and 29 of these had an abnormal intravenous urogram (IVU); when compared with the 125 asymptomatic patients, they were twice as likely to develop acute retention of urine and four times more likely to require prostatectomy.
Twenty of the 31 patients with an abdominal mass had an abnormal intravenous urogram, and the presence of this physical sign may be regarded as an absolute indication for IVU.
Forty-five patients had a urological abnormality on the preoperative IVU; of these, 1 in 6 required treatment prior to elective large bowel surgery and 1 in 3 developed acute retention of urine postoperatively (half required prostatectomy). Twenty-two patients had a disease-related abnormality on preoperative IVU and in 12 planned urological surgery was undertaken at the time of the colorectal resection. In the 91 patients with no urological symptoms, no abnormal mass and normal blood urea and mid-stream urine sample, the incidence of IVU abnormalities and of postoperative complications was low and surgical management was not altered in these patients.
Intraoperative irrigation of the colon to permit primary anastomosis
Authors: Dudley H A F , Radcliffe A G , McGeehan D 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A technique is described which permits intraoperative application of antegrade bowel irrigation to clear the obstructed or loaded colon of faeces with minimal risk of cantamination. The procedure extends the indications for safe primary anastomosis in surgery of the left colon.
Haemodynamic effects of splenectomy and vasoligation in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis
Authors: El Masri S H , Boulos P B , Ibrahim O H , Hassan M A 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Patients with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis, when compared with control subjects, were found to be hypervolaemic as a result of increased plasma volume. The estimated hepatic blood flow in these patients was not significantly different from that of healthy individuals.
Splenectomy and vasoligation was followed by a drop in portal pressure measured through an omental vein at operation. The estimated hepatic blood flow, however, was not altered by this surgical procedure. The blood volume, which was found to correlate with the size of the spleen, diminished and so did the plasma volume when measured after this operation.
Graduated, static, external compression of the lower limb: A physiological assessment
Authors: Lawrence D , Kakkar V V 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A five-chambered pneumatic vinyl sleeve was used to determine the optimum pressure range of graduated, static, external compression of the lower limb, which would be most beneficial in increasing deep venous velocity.
The effects of four different ranges of pressure upon deep venous velocity (technitium-99), calf muscle blood flow (xenon-133) and subcutaneous tissue flow (sodium-24) were measured in recumbent patients.
The pressure range 18, 14, 8, 10, 8 mmHg produced a significant increase in mean deep venous velocity (P &lt; 0·02) without any consequent impairment of either calf muscle blood flow or subcutaneous tissue flow. A higher pressure range of 30, 26, 14, 18, 12 mmHg also produced an increase in mean deep venous velocity, but caused a significant impairment of calf subcutaneous tissue flow.
The release of vasoactive intestinal peptide during altered mid-gut blood flow
Authors: Bateson P G , Buchanan K D , Stewart Davina M , Parks T G 
Published: March 2007

Summary
In a series of 17 dogs of which 6 were controls experiments were undertaken to measure arterial and portal vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels during reduced cephalic mesenteric artery flow states and following reperfusion of the ischaemic mid gut. The flow states examined were basal flow, 50 per cent of basal flow and 25 per cent of basal flow. Zero flow was examined for 20 min and reperfusion of the ischaemic mid gut for 20 min. Peripheral and portal VIP levels were found to be massively elevated during all the flow states studied but particularly during reperfusion of the ischaemic mid gut.
Selective primary suture of the battle-injured colon: An experience of the Nigerian Civil War
Authors: Nwafo David C 
Published: March 2007

Summary
During the 1967–9 phase of the Nigerian Civil War, 38 primary sutures of battle-injured colons were carried out, with 3 deaths, all in patients with severe concomitant injuries to the liver, diaphragm and right iliac crest. In carefully selected cases—one-third of the total—primary suture was a safe and reliable technique for dealing with battle-lacerated colons. Although there was a substantial morbidity (71 per cent) from wound sepsis, there was also a considerable reduction in the period spent in hospital.
Dependent proximal loop colostomy: Does it defunction the distal colon?
Authors: Schofield Philip F , Cade David , Lambert Mark 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The operation of dependent proximal loop colostomy is described. This colostomy avoids the complications of prolapse and paracolostomy hernia and is easy to close. It appears clinically to totally defunction the distal colon; his ability was studied by means of a radioactive tracer. Ten patients were given chromium-51 by mouth and it was found that none of this spilled over into the distal loop. It is concluded that dependent proximal loop colostomies effectively defunction the distal colon.
Simultaneous isotope clearance from the muscles of the calf and thigh
Authors: Angelides N S , Nicolaides A N 
Published: March 2007

Summary
There has been no end to the attempts made to determine the site and severity of arterial lesions in claudicants by the use of non-invasive methods but, so far, their diagnostic value has been limited. A method whose diagnostic accuracy in determining the site and functional severity of the lesions approaches that of arteriography is discussed.
The hyperaemic index, which is the ratio of the total excess of blood supply during post-exercise hyperaemia over the maximum hyperaemic flow, has been determined in the thigh and calf simultaneously, by measuring the 99Tcm muscle clearance in 30 limbs of 20 healthy volunteers and 139 limbs of 145 patients with claudication. Lumbar arteriography classified the lesions in all patients as 0–10 percent, 10–40 percent, 40–70 percent and more than 70 per cent stenosis.
A bivariate analysis of the hyperaemic indices of the thigh and calf determined the site and whether single lesions consisted of a stenosis greater or less than 70 per cent. In limbs with combined aorto-iliac and superficial femoral lesions the values of the hyperaemic indices could determine which of the two lesions was the more severe in addition to whether lesions consisted of a stenosis greater or less than 70 per cent.
These findings have been confirmed in a further blind prospective study of 47 limbs in which determination of the site and severity of lesions preceded aortography.
Amputation for vascular disease: The experience of a peripheral vascular unit
Authors: Finch D R A , Macdougal M , Tibbs D J , Morris P J 
Published: March 2007

Summary
One hundred and forty-five lower limb amputations were performed on 133 patients over a 3 1/2 year period with a hospital mortality of 15 per cent. The mean age of the amputees was 72·2 years (range 43–90 years). The most common site of amputation was below the knee (42 per cent). Failure to obtain primary healing of the stump occurred in 20 per cent of patients and proximal reamputation was required in 8·3 per cent of patients. The ankle systolic blood pressure was not found to be of value in predicting those below-knee amputation stumps which would fail to heal.
Accumulated survival figures showed that 45 per cent of amputees died within 2 years of amputation and only 25 per cent were alive at the end of 4 years. The survival of diabetic amputees was significantly worse than that of non-diabetic amputees.
Sixty-nine per cent of amputees were admitted to a special rehabilitation unit. At a mean of 2 1/2 years after amputation, 95 per cent of surviving amputees had been successfully integrated back into the community. Seventy-five per cent of amputees who had been fitted with a prosthesis made regular daily use of it but only 50 per cent were mobile beyond their own home. Progression of generalized vascular disease was the most common cause of restricted mobility.
As the life expectancy of most amputees is limited every effort must be made to avoid any delay in their recovery and rehabilitation.
The significance of blood pressure measurements in patients with peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Evans David H , Quin Roger O , Bell Peter R F 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The pressure drop across a stenosis is related only to its geometry and the flow through it. Flow may be manipulated by changing peripheral resistance, enabling information to be gained about the severity of the stenosis. As changes in blood flow may produce changes in local blood pressure in patients with peripheral arterial disease, measurements of blood pressure should be made at flow conditions appropriate to the symptoms under investigation, or should be performed by methods which do not intrinsically alter flow.
The insertion of oesophagogastric tubes in malignant oesophageal strictures: Endoscopy or surgery?
Authors: Lishman A H , Dellipiani A W , Devlin H B 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Oesophagogastric tubes were inserted into 16 patients with malignant strictures of the distal oesophagus by a method employing the flexible fibreoptic endoscope, and these patients were compared with 28 patients in the same hospital whose tubes were inserted by surgical methods. Four patients (25 per cent) in the endoscopic group died in the immediate post-insertion period as a result of the procedure, compared with 13 patients (45 per cent) in the surgical group. Of the remainder, the majority were mobilized and taking diet on the day following the procedure, and the morbidity associated with the surgical method was not seen in the endoscopic group. It is concluded that the endoscopic insertion of oesophagogastric tubes has advantages over surgical insertion in the palliation of malignant oesophageal strictures.
Ligation of the pancreatic duct in pancreatectomy
Authors: Papachristou D N , D'Agostin H , Fortner J O 
Published: March 2007

Summary
This study was undertaken to determine the safety of duct ligation in pancreatic surgery. Duct ligation was performed in 43 patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy and in 108 patients after distal pancreatectomy; 33 patients had a pancreaticojejunostomy after a pancreaticoduodenectomy. All procedures were performed between 1965 and 1975; the analysis was retrospective. The mortality and morbidity for the duct ligation group after pancreaticoduodenectomy were 19 per cent and 77 per cent and after distal pancreatectomy were 4 per cent and 9 per cent respectively. After pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticojejunostomy the mortality was 18 per cent with a morbidity of 33 per cent. It is concluded that distal pancreatectomy with duct ligation is a relatively safe procedure, while after pancreaticoduodenectomy the morbidity is significantly reduced (P &lt; 0·001) by a pancreaticojejunostomy.
Spontaneous closure of choledochoduodenostomy: Diagnosis by endoscopy and ERCP
Authors: Reuben A , Jourdan M H , Isaacs P E T , McColl I 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Choledochoduodenostomy has been recommended for the management of benign lower common bile duct obstruction, but opinion on this is still divided. Two cases are presented of recurrent cholangitis following choledochoduodenostomy, in which endoscopy and ERCP demonstrated closure of the choledochoduodenal anastomosis, continuing lower biliary obstruction and retained stones or debris. Persistent or recurrent symptoms following this operation may be due to stoma closure without adequate biliary drainage, and in these circumstances endoscopy with ERCP is proving most useful and in difficult cases may be the investigation of choice.
A pocket calculator program for intravenous requirements
Authors: Rich A J , Wright P D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A program to calculate the 24-h intravenous requirements of water, nitrogen, energy and six electrolytes on a card-programmable pocket calculator is described. Comparison of calculator-generated requirements with intravenous feeding regimens prescribed by junior clinicians for 8 ill patients suggests that the clinicians provide too much water and too little nitrogen and energy. Certain program modifications are necessary to widen the useful clinical application of the calculator, but in general it is a useful bedside tool capable of further application to suitable medical tasks.
Bile bacteria in patients with benign bile duct stricture
Authors: Jackaman F R , Hilson G R F , Smith Lord 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a prospective study of 73 patients undergoing hepatodochojejunostomy for benign bile duct stricture who were covered by antibacterial prophylaxis with gentamicin and cephalothin, bacteria were cultured from bile sampled at operation in 80 per cent of cases. Aerobic organisms were found in 50 cases (82 per cent) and anaerobic organisms in 11 cases (18 per cent). Seventy-three per cent of the patients with postoperative septic complications had bile cultures positive for anaerobes at operation, and the same organisms were cultured from pus. All patients with anaerobes in the bile at some time in the perioperative period developed postoperative sepsis. Antibacterial prophylaxis with gentamicin and cephalothin, together with specfic therapy with drugs effective against anaerobes when indicated, are recommended in the management of these cases.
The functional results of aorto-iliac reconstruction
Authors: Galland R B , Hill D A , Gustave R , Jamieson C W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We have reviewed the results of aorto-iliac reconstruction in 173 patients. We found that the presence of distal disease resulted in significantly worse results, when assessed by the patients' ability to walk and by postoperative pressure index changes, than if the run-off were clear. The importance of subsequent or simultaneous distal reconstruction in these cases is discussed.
Patients having rest pain were older, had a worse runoff and had a higher incidence of associated disorders than patients having intermittent claudication alone.
Psoas abscess: A complication of Crohn's disease
Authors: Burul C J , Ritchie Jean K , Hawley P R , Todd Ian P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Between 1971 and 1978 at St Mark's Hospital and St Bartholomew's Hospital, 8 patients were seen with a psoas abscess complicating Crohn's disease. All patients had a long history of disease and the diagnosis was usually obvious on clinical grounds. The abscess was drained in all patients and 5 required drainage on more than one occasion. The underlying Crohn's disease was treated surgically in all patients. Seven patients are now well, although 2 have required further excisional surgery; 1 patient died 2– years after the first drainage of the psoas abscess.
Is a fat stitch necessary?
Authors: Milewski P J , Thomson Hamish 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Two hundred and eight consecutive patients undergoing surgery were allocated randomly in a trial of the use of a plain catgut subcutaneous fat stitch, compared with no fat suture. There was no appreciable difference between the two trial groups in wound infection rate following either clean (4 out of 74 with and 1 out of 68 without a fat stitch) or contaminated operations (4 out of 27 with and 4 out of 41 without). Likewise, there were no differences in haematoma rates. There is therefore no appreciable benefit to be derived from the use of this stitch.
Vertical abdominal incisions—a choice?
Authors: Guillou P J , Hall T J , Donaldson D R , Broughton A C , Brennan T G 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A prospective randomized trial was carried out on 207 patients undergoing laparotomy using three different vertical abdominal incisions–midline, ‘medial’ paramedian incision and ‘lateral’ paramedian incision. The lateral paramedian incision is slightly more time-consuming to perform than the other two incisions but there is a statistically greater incidence of incisional hernia in midline and medial paramedian wounds than with the lateral paramedian incision. It is suggested that when a vertical abdominal incision is being considered the lateral paramedian should be the incision of choice.
Operative choledochoscopy: Experience with a rigid choledochoscope
Authors: Motson Roger W , Wood Alan J , De Jode Louis R 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The use of a choledochoscope after exploration of the common bile ducts should minimize the occurrence of retained common bile duct stones. Experience gained at 50 endoscopies with a rigid choledochoscope is reviewed. In 7 cases stones or debris were found remaining in the bile duct. In one case an unsuspected neoplasm was demonstrated and in another a suspected neoplastic stricture was confirmed. In the remaining 41 cases choledochoscopy showed the ducts to be free of stones. Postoperative cholangiography demonstrated a retained stone in 2 cases. There were 2 deaths in the series. The experience of other authors with rigid and flexible scopes is reviewed.
Results following surgery for Hirschsprung's disease: A review of three operations with a reference to neorectal capacity
Authors: Khan Omar , Nixon Harold H 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The results of operations on a group of 62 patients from those operated for Hirschsprung's disease in a 5-yearperiod have been assessed. The bowel function and control, also the physical development of the child, have been examined following operation by the Swenson, Duhamel and sutured Soave techniques. The best results were achieved by the Duhamel retrorectal pullthrough operation, although the differences were not great.
Late deaths due to an unrecognized enterocolitis remain a problem.
Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland
Authors: Greening W P , Sarker S K , Osborne M P 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Three cases of hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland are reported and the literature reviewed. It is emphasized that this rare congenital anomaly is seldom diagnosed except by thyroid scanning or at surgery. If the clinician is aware of it, the diagnosis presents little difficulty and an unnecessary operation may be avoided. All our cases were discovered as a result of an associated thyroid disorder. In 2 cases there was an adenoma and in 1 a papillary adenocarcinoma.
The effect of different calorific doses of carbohydrate on nitrogen excretion after surgery
Authors: Radcliffe A , Johnson A , Dudley H A F 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The protein-sparing effect of different calorific regimens [0·025 MJ (6 kcal); 0·105 MJ (25 kcal); 0·167 MJ (40 kcal) per kg body weight per 24 h] of postoperatively infused glucose has been studied in 18 patients undergoing operations of intermediate severity. Carbohydrate infusion has a progressive nitrogen-sparing effect. However, the increased negative nitrogen balance associated with surgical stress could not be prevented completely.
The late results of surgical treatment of pressure sores in paraplegics
Authors: Berry R B 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The findings are presented of a retrospective survey of paraplegic patients who underwent surgical repair of pressure sores between 1973 and 1977. Forty-one patients with 56 sores were studied. The recurrence rate of repaired sores was 47 per cent. In an analysis of the data the only factor associated with a good long term result was a return home rather than chronic hospitalization following surgery. This finding applied to bedridden but not to sitting patients.
An experimental study of the healing of secondary abdominal incisions
Authors: Van Noort R , Greaney M G , Smythe Anne 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAn experimental study of the healing of separate secondary abdominal incisions in rats has been performed. After an initial right subcostal incision, a vertical leftsided abdominal wound was made 1 or 2 weeks later. Wound healing was assessed by measurement of changes in mechanical strength and collagen deposition. The results indicate that an increase in mechanical strength was not effected by initial wounding despite alterations in collagen metabolism.
Abdominal wound closure: A trial of Prolene and Dexon
Authors: Cameron A E P , Gray R C F , Talbot R W , Wyatt A P 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The incidence of wound infection, burst abdomen and incisional herniation after a vertical abdominal incision was studied in a prospective trial comparing polypropylene (Prolene) with polyglycolic acid (Dexon). Wounds were closed by interrupted mass suture with an optional reinforcing continuous closure of the anterior rectus sheath. A total of 347 patients was studied, randomly allocated to suture with either Prolene or Dexon. The two groups were well matched for known risk factors. Dehiscence occurred in 0·6 per cent of patients overall and at 6 months 5·7 per cent of cases had an incisional hernia, although many of these were asymptomatic. There was no difference in the rate of infection, disruption or herniation between the two suture materials.
The effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and diphosphonates on tumour-mediated osteolysis
Authors: Galasko C S B , Samuel A W , Rushton Stella , Lacey Eve 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Previous studies have shown that the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin reduced osteolysis produced by the experimental VX2 carcinoma, probably by inhibiting the stimulation of osteoclasts by prostaglandin E2. This study was carried out to determine whether prostaglandin inhibitors affect the tumour osteolysis produced by human mammary carcinoma as the VX2 carcinoma. The effect of diphosphonates on reducing tumour osteolysis was also investigated, since diphosphonates directly affect bone resorption.
The results indicated that various non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis reduced the osteolysis produced by human mammary or rabbit VX2 carcinomas. The diphosphonate compounds also produced a significant inhibition of tumour osteolysis.
The results confirm the findings of Powles and his colleagues (1) that aspirin (also a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor) reduced the osteolysis induced by human mammary carcinoma. It is suggested that these agents be evaluated as adjuvant therapy in patients with apparently ‘early’ mammary cancer in a controlled clinical trial.
Presternal gastric bypass for unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus: A preliminary report
Authors: Mannell Aylwyn 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Presternal gastric bypass was performed on 10 African patients with unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus. Where the cancer involved the lower third of the thoracic oesophagus the oesophagus was simply excluded. However, for cancer of the upper and middle third of the thoracic oesophagus the additional step of Roux-en-Y jejunal anastomosis to the intra-abdominal oesophagus was performed to drain away oesophageal secretions from existing or imminent tracheo-oesophageal fistulas. No patient died as a result of the operation, and 9 out of 10 patients were able to eat normally afterwards. Presternal gastric bypass is compared with other methods of palliation for unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus.