bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus detection and typification in cutaneous and mucosal lesions of HIV-seropositive patients
Authors: De Gusmão Nunes Mariana , Azevedo-E-Silva Melissa , Gonçalves Carolina Pereira , Trope Beatriz Moritz , Oliveira Ledy Do Horto Dos Santos , Ramos-E-Silva Marcia 
Published: August 2008

Summary: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in a lesion is related to an increased chance of neoplasic transformation, especially when with immunosuppression, as in HIV infection. We investigated HPV frequency in cutaneous and mucosal lesions of HIV-seropositive male patients. The frequency of malignancy, its association with the HPV type detected and some clinical variables were also assessed. A total of 38 lesions from 27 patients were studied in a period of 18 months. The biopsied fragment was submitted to HPV detection and typification, through polymerase chain reaction with generic (MY09/11) and specific (types 6, 11, 16 and 18) primers. HPV frequency was 63.2%, with detection of HPV types 6, 11 or 16 in 18 lesions and with multi-infection in three. There was low detection of high-risk HPV (type 16, 18.4%) and no HPV type 18. Of the lesions, 36.8% were already premalignant or malignant, and the frequency of moderate or severe dysplasia was higher in the study patients than that described in the HIV-seronegative population. High-risk HPV (type 16) was detected in four benign lesions and low-risk HPV (type 6) in three premalignant genital lesions. There was no significant association between the clinical variables and an increase in the prevalence of premalignant or malignant lesions.
Management of under-16-year olds in UK genitourinary medicine clinics: British Co-operative Clinical Group
Authors: Mcandrew S E , Williams O E , Rogstad K E , Kell P D 
Published: August 2008

Summary: In 2004, the management of under-16-year olds in UK genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics was surveyed. Questionnaires were sent to 185 lead GU medicine consultants. A total of 111 questionnaires were returned (60%). Ninety-eight percent of respondents managed young people aged 13-16. Fifty percent managed under 13-year-olds. Twenty-nine percent of respondents ran dedicated young people's clinics. Ninety-eight percent were aware of the National Guidelines, and 74%had adopted them. Fifty-seven percent had a named departmental child protection lead. Thirty-seven percent of consultants had received training specific to child protection issues in GU medicine. Improvements had been made since a similar survey published in 2001, but the need for further training was still apparent.
Prevalence and predictors of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among female sex workers in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wang Haibo , Wang Ning , Chen Ray Y , Sharp Gerald B , Ma Yanling , Wang Guixiang , Ding Guowei , Wu Zhenglai 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and to evaluate the relationship between HSV-2 infection and sociodemographic factors and the sexual practices of female sex workers (FSWs) in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan Province, China. This cross-sectional study involved 737 FSWs and was carried out from March to May 2006 with confidential interviews and laboratory tests for HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). HSV-2 was the most common STI (68%), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (26%), Trichomonas vaginalis (11%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (8%) and syphilis (7%). Prevalence of HIV-1 was 10.3%. Adjusted odds ratios of HSV-2 seroprevalence were 2.6 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.30-5.38) for HIV-1 infection, 2.0 (95% CI: 1.33-3.16) for vaginal douching, 2.0 (95% CI: 0.45-0.86) for condom breaking or falling off during sexual intercourse with the client in the previous week, 1.8 (95% CI: 1.07-3.18) for ≥5 years of commercial sex work, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.08-2.33) for ≥5 clients in the previous week, 0.6 (95% CI: 0.45-0.86) for ≥9 years of education. This study identifies a very high prevalence of HSV-2 infections among FSWs in Yunnan Province, with only a few who reported a prior history of genital herpes. HSV-2 serological screening and suppressive therapy should be considered for study populations. Education on the importance of diagnosis, treatment and prevention may help control the spread of HSV-2 infection.
Prevalence and predictors of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in a population-based sample of women in rural Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Stephen , Whalen Christopher C , Tisch Daniel J , Tumwesigye Elioda , Sethi Ajay K 
Published: August 2008

Summary: High-risk genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is aetiologically linked to cervical cancer; however, data on the prevalence and determinants of high-risk HPV infection in Uganda are limited. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey among 18-49-year-old women in rural Southwest Uganda. The primary outcome was presence or absence of high-risk HPV DNA (for genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 or 68) in the genital secretions as determined by HPV DNA Hybrid Capture 2 assay (Digene Corp, Beltsville, MD, USA). In 314 women who participated, the prevalence of high-risk HPV was 17.2% (54/314; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13-21). Older women had a lower proportion of high-risk HPV infection; with a 9% decrease in the odds ratio (OR) of high-risk HPV infection per year increase in age (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.96). The odds of detecting high-risk HPV infection was higher among women who were previously tested positive for HIV (OR = 12.1; 95% CI: 2.8, 52.3). In this population of rural Ugandan women, the prevalence of high-risk cervical HPV infection was high. Information on predictors of high-risk HPV infection and intention to receive a vaccine can guide future immunization initiatives for young sexually active women.
Measuring the gap: from Home Office to the National Health Service in the provision of a one-stop shop sexual health service in a female prison in the UK
Authors: Mahto Mrinalini , Zia Shagufta 
Published: August 2008

The Genitourinary (GU) Medicine Service was transferred from the Home Office to the NHS from April 2006 at this female prison to give prisoners access to the same quality of health care as the general public. Medline search showed no published data on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female prisoners in the UK. The main aim was to develop a one stop sexual health shop and to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STIs, to determine the uptake rate for HIV testing, hepatitis B vaccination and cervical cytology along with requests for usage of contraceptive services. Challenges were met when introducing change to bring the services in line with the local GU medicine clinic. Review of the service at one year along with retrospective case note review from May 2006 to August 2007 was done. Of the 545 new patients seen, history of substance abuse, IVDU, sexual abuse, sex worker and past history of hepatitis C virus and chlamydia were 86%, 41%,12%, 6%, 17% and 24% respectively. The uptake rate for both STI screen and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) testing was high at 87% and 69.3% respectively. STI was diagnosed in 19.6%. Prevalence rates were: Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) 8.2%, chlamydia 5.3%, gonorrhoea 0.2%, genital warts 5.3%, HIV 0.8%, hepatitis C virus 12% and hepatitis B virus 11%. The uptake rate for 1st dose hepatitis B vaccination and cervical cytology were 70% and 92% respectively, 36 accessed contraceptive services. Provision of one stop shop in a female prison is feasible and practical. STIs, particularly TV, and BBVs prevalence is high among the female inmates. Prevention methods targeting this population needs to be intensified.
Travel medicine and HIV infection
Authors: Igreja Ricardo 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The number of HIV-infected persons who travel is increasing. This increase arises from those who have benefited from advances in antiretroviral therapy. The key to successful travel is careful pre-trip planning although many patients do not obtain advice before travelling. Travel advice for HIV patients is becoming increasingly specialized, and includes travel vaccination and highly active antiretroviral therapy-related issues. A closer collaboration between HIV and travel health clinics could provide better care for HIV-infected individuals.
Fatal outcome of nevirapine-associated toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Leng K , Lonsdorf A , Hartmann M 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can result in ART-resistance but can also lead to a sensitization between agents with a cross-sensitivity. We report a case of nevirapine-associated toxic epidermal necrolysis resulting in death in an HIV-infected man.
Unilateral penile swelling: an unusual presentation of primary syphilis?
Authors: Cheng S , French P 
Published: August 2008

Summary: Primary syphilis is characterized by a solitary, painless, indurated ulcer (chancre) at the site of inoculation, with associated inguinal lymph nodes that are enlarged, rubbery, painless and discrete. We report a case of syphilis that presented with penile swelling associated with tender lymphadenopathy and review the literature concerning this unusual presentation of early syphilis.
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the serological diagnosis of early syphilis
Authors: Mcmillan A , Young H 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of various serological tests in the diagnosis of early syphilis. The Murex enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test was used for screening; the Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and the Mercia antitreponemal IgM EIA were used in all the patients with a positive screening test and in those with suspected syphilis or in known contacts. In 89 cases of primary syphilis, the Murex EIA screening test was positive in 67 (75%) patients, the Mercia IgM EIA in 80 (90%) cases, the VDRL in 60 (67%) cases and the TPPA in 85 (96%) cases. All the tests were positive in 68 patients with secondary syphilis. In 72 cases of early latent syphilis, the Murex EIA screening test was positive in 68 (94%) patients, the Mercia IgM EIA in 50 (69%) cases, the VDRL in 61 (85%) cases and the TPPA in 68 (94%) cases. The Mercia IgM EIA was the only test positive in four (6%) of these cases; these four patients were known contacts. Antibody titres in the VDRL and TPPA increased as the infection progressed.
Condom ‘turn offs’ among adults: an exploratory study
Authors: Crosby Richard , Milhausen Robin , Yarber William L , Sanders Stephanie A , Graham Cynthia A 
Published: August 2008

Summary: An exploratory study compared the prevalence of multiple types of condom-associated ‘turn offs’ in men and women. Nearly 2000 people completed a web-based questionnaire. Data were analysed from 464 men and women who reported that condoms had turned them off the last time they were used. Gender differences were not observed for the majority (9) of 15 turn offs. The most common turn offs related to loss of pleasure. For example, more than three-quarters of the men and nearly 40% of the women reported decreased sexual sensation (P = 0.0001). Putting on condoms was reported by 43.2% of the men versus 30.2% of the women (P = 0.02). Smell was a relatively frequent turn off, with about one-third indicating this issue and no significant gender difference (P = 0.32). Turn offs pertaining to arousal and orgasm were also common. Findings suggest that numerous physical and psychological condom turn offs may be experienced by men and women while using male condoms. Although some turn offs differed as a function of gender, there was remarkable similarity between men and women.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intranasal Versus Intravenous Fentanyl in Patients with Pain after Oral Surgery
Authors: Foster David , Upton Richard , Christrup Lona , Popper Lars 
Published: August 2008

Background:Fentanyl, a short-acting synthetic opioid, has a pharmacokinetic profile suited to fast relief of brief episodic pain.Objective:To characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of intranasal and intravenous fentanyl in opioid-naïve patients undergoing third molar extraction.Methods:A double-blind, double-dummy, crossover design study was conducted, with patients randomized to receive 1 of 4 fentanyl doses (75,100, 150, or 200 μg) by both the intravenous and intranasal routes. Venous fentanyl concentrations were determined for up to 180 minutes and pain scores were recorded up to 240 minutes postdose. Duration of effect and time to rescue medication were also recorded.Results:The pharmacokinetics of intravenous fentanyl reflected a 2-compartment model with a clearance of approximately 1.5 L/min. There was moderate (<50%) between-subject variability (BSV; %CV [coefficient of variation]) in the systemic kinetics of fentanyl. Bioavailability of intranasal fentanyl was 89%, following first-order absorption, with a lag of approximately 5 minutes and a half-life of approximately 6.5 minutes. Interpatient absorption variability was approximately 30% BSV for all absorption parameters. Intranasal versus intravenous administration led to a delayed mean fentanyl time to maximum concentration (13 vs 6 min) and lower maximum concentration (1.2 vs 2.0 ng/mL). Analgesic effect lagged behind the venous fentanyl concentration, with a half-life of approximately 2.5 minutes as described by a fractional sigmoid maximum drug effect dynamic model. The concentration-analgesia relationship was steep, with a 50% effective concentration of 0.46 ng/mL (Hill coefficient 3.5). Intranasal onset and offset of analgesia were slightly delayed, principally due to the delay and lag in systemic absorption, with slightly lower peak analgesic effect, compared with intravenous fentanyl. Duration of effect was directly related to intranasal fentanyl dose, with pain scores returning to predose values at approximately 120 minutes (75μg) to approximately 240 minutes (200 μg) after a single dose.Conclusions:Intranasal fentanyl showed kinetic and dynamic properties that are desirable for the management of acute, episodic (breakthrough) pain.
Sandblasted/Acid-Etched vs Smooth-Surface Implants: Implant Mobility and Clinical Reaction to Experimentally Induced Peri-Implantitis in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Martines Rodrigo Tadashi , Sendyk Wilson Roberto , Gromatzky Alfredo , Cury Patricia Ramos 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This study uses a sandblasted/acid-etched implant vs a smooth-surface implant to compare implant mobility and clinical reactions of peri-implant tissues to experimentally induced peri-implantitis in Beagle dogs. The right and left mandibular premolars were extracted from 5 Beagle dogs, and 2 smooth-surface (SS) implants and 2 sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) implants were placed in each animal. After 120 days, healing abutments were connected. Fifteen days later, the prosthetic abutments were connected, the hygiene regimen was suspended, and peri-implantitis was induced by the insertion of cotton ligatures into the soft tissue around the implants. At baseline and 30, 60, and 90 days later, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and mobility (MO) were measured. Probing depth increased significantly in the SLA group alone when baseline PD was compared with 30-, 60-, and 90-day evaluations (P &lt; .05). No significant differences were noted between the 2 implant groups (P &gt; .05). The loss in CAL was significant in both groups when the baseline value was compared with 30-, 60-, and 90-day evaluations (P &lt; .02). Comparison between the 2 implant groups revealed a greater loss in CAL in the SLA group at the 90-day evaluation period (P = .04). A significant increase in mobility was seen in both groups when baseline values and 90-day evaluations were compared (P &lt; .04). However, no statistically significant differences were noted between the 2 implant groups (P &gt; .05). Experimentally induced peri-implantitis results in a greater loss of CAL in SLA implants than in SS implants in dogs; however, no differences in mobility or in PD have been noted between the 2 implant groups.
Single-Tooth Replacement in the Esthetic Zone With Ridge Expansion Osteotomy: A Clinical Report and Radiographic Results
Authors: Santagata Mario , Guariniello Luigi , D'Andrea Alfredo , Tartaro Gianpaolo P. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Maxillary alveolar atrophy often limits the placement of dental implants. The bone splitting and bone widening by osteotome technique is a more obvious method for the immediate placement of implants in those cases in which the dimensions of the residual ridge are reduced by only a small degree. Few studies have been performed that are aimed at the radiographic results shown after the osteotome technique by a low-dose computed tomography scan and assessment of objective improvement of the bone density using Misch's classification. The aim of this clinical case was to analyze the radiographic data of the osteotome technique on the change of bone density and to demonstrate efficacy of the ridge expansion crest to bypass bone fenestrations of the buccal plate in the esthetic zone. The advantages of this technique for patients include less surgical trauma and a shorter treatment time.
Immediate Loading of Single-Tooth Restorations: One-Year Prospective Results
Authors: Siddiqui Azfar A. , O'Neal Robert , Nummikoski Pirkka , Pituch Daniel , Ochs Mark , Huber Heidi , Chung William , Phillips Keith , Wang I-Chung 
Published: August 2008

AbstractImmediate loading of splinted implant restorations is a growing trend, but limited clinical documentation hampers evidence-based treatment planning for single-tooth applications. This study prospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy of placing implant-supported, single-tooth restorations into immediate, full-occlusal loading. Sixty consecutive patients (intent-to-treat group) with 1 missing tooth between 2 intact teeth were treated with a total of 69 implants. At placement, final impressions were made and implants were provisionalized with nonoccluding prostheses. Definitive prostheses were delivered 2 weeks later. A claim of noninferiority was made with a 95% confidence interval (Mann-Whitney U test) if the success rates between the experimental group and a 97% historical control was &gt;7%. Standardized radiographs taken at placement and bimonthly intervals were analyzed for crestal bone changes at a type I (alpha) error level of .05; significance levels were not adjusted for multiplicity (Fisher exact tests and Student t tests). Sixteen patients (18 implants) were withdrawn for protocol deviations. The resulting treated-per-protocol group consisted of 44 subjects with 51 implants. Cumulative implant success rates were 98.55% (n = 68/69) for the intent-to-treat group and 98.04% (n = 50/51) for the treated-per-protocol group. There were no significant adverse events or statistically significant differences between the experimental and historical control groups. At 12 months mean crestal bone loss was 1.05 mm, and ranged from 0.38 to 1.5 mm (77%) and 1.6 to 2.69 mm (23%). Immediate full-occlusal loading of single-tooth restorations was safely performed in selected subjects when good primary implant stability and an appropriate occlusal load were achieved.
Coaster Brook Trout Rehabilitation in Lake Superior: A Human Dimensions Perspective
Authors: Hewitt Laura E. , Mumford Karen G. , Schreiner Donald R. , Fischer Gregory J. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Rehabilitation of Lake Superior's coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis hinges not only on resolving critical ecological challenges but also on addressing key human dimensions challenges. This article addresses the key issues of values, agency coordination, stakeholder engagement, and public awareness and outreach and makes relevant recommendations. First, agencies should continue to improve coordination by expanding the scope and membership of the Lake Superior Brook Trout Committee and other forums. The size of the basin and the large number of partners involved requires consistent communication and transparent coordination mechanisms. Second, the range of values currently associated with brook trout and their rehabilitation must be expanded beyond the current focus on fishery interests by incorporating a more diverse array of groups and interests. Third, the number of groups engaged in native brook trout restoration efforts should be enlarged by reaching out to new groups, particularly watershed organizations, local governments, and environmental groups, as the comprehensive nature of the restoration efforts will require the cooperation and support of a broader array of groups. Finally, the level of general public awareness and support for the activities necessary to rehabilitate coasters needs to be increased. An outreach program should engage all stakeholders early in the planning process and provide science-based information to establish reasonable expectations. Fishery managers and their partners should look for opportunities to bring positive attention to ongoing rehabilitation and habitat management activities.
Conservation Genetics of Lake Superior Brook Trout: Issues, Questions, and Directions
Authors: Wilson Chris C. , Stott Wendylee , Miller Loren , D'Amelio Silvia , Jennings Martin J. , Cooper Anne M. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Parallel efforts by several genetic research groups have tackled common themes relating to management concerns about and recent rehabilitation opportunities for coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior. The questions that have been addressed include the evolutionary and genetic status of coaster brook trout, the degree of relatedness among coaster populations and their relationship to riverine tributary brook trout populations, and the role and effectiveness of stocking in maintaining and restoring coasters to Lake Superior. Congruent genetic results indicate that coasters are an ecotype (life history variant) rather than an evolutionarily significant unit or genetically distinct strain. Regional structure exists among brook trout stocks, coasters being produced from local populations. Introgression of hatchery genes into wild populations appears to vary regionally and may relate to local population size, habitat integrity, and anthropogenic pressures. Tracking the genetic diversity and integrity associated with captive breeding programs is helping to ensure that the fish used for stocking are representative of their source populations and appropriate for rehabilitation efforts. Comparative analysis of shared samples among collaborating laboratories is enabling standardization of genotype scoring and interpretation as well as the development of a common toolkit for assessing genetic structure and diversity. Incorporation of genetic data into rehabilitation projects will facilitate monitoring efforts and subsequent adaptive management. Together, these multifaceted efforts provide comprehensive insights into the biology of coaster brook trout and enhance restoration options.