bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of Tritium-Labeled Vitamin D3 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Ovine Placenta
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Williams C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Placental transmission of iv-administered label from vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was studied in gestating ewes. Radioactivity concentrations were higher in the tissues of ewes dosed with vitamin D3 than in those dosed with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Concentrations were higher in maternal tissues than in fetal tissues. The highest radioactivity concentrations were found in the kidneys, followed by concentrations in the adrenal glands.
Glucose Uptake and Insulin Secretory Responses to Intravenous Glucose Loads in the Dog
Authors: Rottiers R. , Mattheeuws D. , Kaneko J. J. , Vermeulen A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-one healthy young nonanesthetized Dalmatian dogs (10 male, 11 female) were given iv glucose loads between 300 and 1,500 mg/kg of body weight in a standard time period of 30 s. The fractional glucose turnover rates and the insulin peak responses gradually increased with glucose loads up to 1,000 mg/kg, and the total insulin secretion with loads to 1,250 mg/kg and remained constant. The insulinogenic index (ΔI/ΔG) varied inversely with the size of the glucose loads. The pattern of responses indicates that the optimum glucose load is near 600 mg/kg for evaluating normal glucose metabolism in dogs by the iv glucose loading technique.
Cardiopulmonary Effects of Butorphanol Tartrate in Horses
Authors: Robertson J. T. , Muir W. W. , Sams R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of butorphanol were evaluated in pain-free adult horses. Butorphanol tartrate was administered iv in doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg to the same horses on 3 separate occasions. There were no significant (P < 0.05) changes in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean and diastolic pulmonary arterial blood pressure, or cardiac output recorded in the horses given these doses. Systolic arterial blood pressure was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in only the horses given the 0.2 mg/kg dose. Significant (P > 0.05) changes in electrocardiographic intervals, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas values, or pH were not recorded. Increasing iv doses of butorphanol resulted in varied behavioral changes, but were predominantly excitatory.
A Swine Dysentery Model for Evaluation of Drug Prophylaxis: Efficacy of Various Drugs in the Control of Swine Dysentery
Authors: Raynaud J. P. , Brunault G. , Patterson E. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A swine dysentery (sd) model that produces consistent, homogeneous, and severe sd was used in 2 experiments to compare the prophylactic effectiveness of 5 commercially available swine feed additive products. Under the conditions of these studies, carbadox and carbadox + sulfamethazine proved to be the most effective agents in preventing sd during the infection + medication and postmedication periods. Olaquindox was effective in preventing sd in the infection + medication period; however, sd recurrence was high during the postmedication period. Nithiamide and chlortetracycline + sulfamethazine + penicillin were least effective in preventing sd during the infection + medication and postmedication periods.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measurement of Antibody Responses to Dirofilaria immitis in Experimentally Infected Dogs
Authors: Grieve Robert B. , Mika-Johnson Marcia , Jacobson Richard H. , Cypess Raymond H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The chronology of the antibody response to Dirofilaria immitis was measured in 2 groups of experimentally infected Beagle dogs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using a semipurified, adult D immitis-derived antigen was used to quantitate antibody levels. Group A consisted of 4 dogs inoculated once with D immitis infective larvae, 4 dogs inoculated twice with D immitis infective larvae, and 4 noninoculated dogs. Group B consisted of 26 dogs which were all infected with D immitis; however, 16 of these were given daily prophylactic concentrations of diethylcarbamazine (dec) beginning 5 days before inoculation.
Significant levels of antibody were demonstrable 16 weeks after inoculation of group A dogs and remained significantly increased throughout the study. There were no significant differences in antibody levels in dogs inoculated once or twice. Nontreated and diethylcarbamazine-treated dogs in group B developed significant antibody titers 11 weeks after inoculation. Significant differences in antibody titers between treated and nontreated dogs were first observed 13 weeks after inoculation; these differences remained for the duration of the investigation. There was no apparent correlation between antibody levels and either adult worm numbers or microfilaria counts.
Survival of Viruses in Fermented Edible Waste Material
Authors: Wooley R. E. , Gilbert J. P. , Whitehead W. K. , Shotts E. B. , Dobbins C. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The survival of selected viruses in fermented edible waste material was studied to determine the feasibility of using this material as a livestock feed ingredient. Seven viruses, including pseudorabies, Newcastle disease, infectious canine hepatitis, avian infectious bronchitis, measles, vesicular stomatitis, and a porcine picornavirus were inoculated into a mixture of ground food waste (collected from a school lunch program) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mixtures were incubated at 5 C, 10 C, 20 C, and 30 C for 96 hours. Temperature, pH, and redox potential were monitored. Samples for virus isolation were obtained daily. Newcastle disease virus and infectious canine hepatitis virus survived the entire test period. The porcine picornavirus was inactivated at 30 C after 72 hours, but survived for the entire test period at the other temperatures. Pseudorabies virus was inactivated at 20 C and 30 C within 24 hours, but survived for 48 hours at 10 C and 96 hours at 5 C. Avian infectious bronchitis virus was inactivated at 20 C and 30 C within 24 hours, but survived 72 hours at 5 C and 10 C. Measles and vesicular stomatitis viruses were rapidly inactivated at all 4 temperatures.
Monitoring the Estrous Cycle of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Using Urinary Estrogens
Authors: Ramsay E. C. , Lasley B. L. , Stabenfeldt G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The estrous cycle of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) was monitored by analysis of urinary estrogens. Daily morning urine samples were analyzed for estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and total immunoreactive estrogen (ET). The ET values were shown to correlate poorly with E1 and E2 values and failed to reveal any patterns of reproductive cycling. Daily E1 and E2 values, indexed by creatinine concentrations, demonstrated cyclic profiles in those samples of sufficient concentration. The technique offered a simple, noninvasive method of documenting ovarian function in the elephant.
Morphologic Characteristics of the Parathyroid and Thyroid Glands and Serum Immunoreactive Parathyroid Hormone in Dogs with Pseudohyperparathyroidism
Authors: Yarrington John T. , Hoffman Walter E. , Macy Dennis , Hawker Charles 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hypercalcemia, normo- or hypophosphatemia, and increased urinary calcium clearance were observed in 8 dogs with malignant disease consisting of lymphosarcoma (n = 4), lymphogenous leukemia with bone involvement (n = 2), or carcinoma arising in the perianal region (n = 2). Parathyroid glands from these dogs had a normal or atrophic microscopic appearance. Ultrastructurally, the chief cells of the parathyroid glands had small cytoplasmic areas devoid of secretory granules and containing few organelles associated with hormonal synthesis, which is indicative of an inactive phase of the secretory cycle. In relationship to total serum calcium, serum canine immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was moderately increased in 3 dogs whose parathyroid glands had morphologic characteristics of inactivity.
As a result of prolonged hypercalcemia, the thyroid glands contained prominent areas of parafollicular cell hyperplasia. The ultrastructure of a typical hyperplastic parafollicular cell was characterized by a large cytoplasmic area filled with numerous secretory granules and moderate numbers of organelles associated with hormonal synthesis.
The results of this study indicate that some nonendocrine malignant neoplasms of dogs may be capable of secreting a hypercalcemic substance immunologically indistinguishable from parathyroid hormone. In the absence of neoplastic involvement of bone, the canine disease has many similarities to pseudohyperparathyroidism.
Lyophilized Hyperimmune Equine Serum as a Source of Antibodies for Neonatal Foals
Authors: Burton S. C. , Hintz H. F. , Kemen M. J. , Holmes D. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a study with 15 neonatal foals (5 per treatment group), foals were fed within 4 hours of birth as follows: 250 ml of colostrum, 250 ml of lyophilized serum reconstituted at 5 times the original concentration, or 250 ml of a mixture (1:1) of colostrum and lyophilized serum. Foal serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentration and titrated for anti-equine rhinovirus 1 and antiequine influenza A1 and A2 antibodies at 0 and 24 hours after foals were born. Except in a foal which had suckled the dam before treatment, there was no evidence of IgG or specific viral antibodies in the samples taken at birth.
There were no significant differences found in the serum IgG concentrations and antibody titers among the 3 treatment groups. Seemingly, IgG was absorbed efficiently from both serum and colostrum, so that the use of reconstituted lyophilized serum as a prophylactic measure of conferring passive immunity to a newborn foal deserves serious consideration.
Serum Immunoglobulin A Antibody Response in Swine Infected with Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus, as Determined by Indirect Immunoperoxidase Antibody Test
Authors: Kodama Y. , Ogata M. , Shimizu Y. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using an immunoperoxidase antibody test, the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody titer was determined in swine naturally infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (tge; group A), swine inoculated orally with high-virulent tge virus (group B), and swine inoculated im (group C) or orally (group D) with low-virulent tge virus. Studies were then made on the relationship between active immunity to tge and the serum IgA antibody titer.
In group A swine, serum IgA antibody and virus-neutralizing (vn) antibody were absent in the serum collected in the acute stage, but were detected from the serum collected in the convalescent stage. In group B swine, serum IgA antibody and vn antibody began to be detected on postinoculation day (pid) 7 and were still detectable on pid 100. In group C and D swine, vn antibody was detected, but serum IgA antibody was not.
Swine were inoculated orally with high-virulent tge virus and were challenge exposed orally with the same strain of virus on pid 18, 21, 80, and 120 (group E). None of group E swine manifested clinical signs of infection. Their serum IgA antibody titers ranged from 2 to 512 at the time of inoculation. Swine were inoculated im with low-virulent tge virus and intranasally with the same virus on pid 60 (group F). They were challenge exposed with the high-virulent strain of tge virus on pid 140, 200, and 260 (80, 140, and 200 days after the 2nd inoculation). At the time of challenge exposure, IgA antibody was undetected in serum at a 1:2 dilution. All group F swine had severe diarrhea 3 to 4 days after inoculation. Many of them vomited at the same time. In these swine, villous atrophy was observed in the jejunal portion of the small intestine. The vn antibody titer of porcine serum obtained at the time of challenge exposure was higher than was that determined in the group E swine.
Seemingly, serum IgA antibody titer determined by the immunoperoxidase antibody test may be an indicator of active immunity to tge.
Shedding of Treponema hyodysenteriae, Transmission of Disease, and Agglutinin Response of Pigs Convalescent from Swine Dysentery
Authors: Fisher Lawrence F. , Olander Harvey J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal shedding of Treponema hyodysenteriae, transmission of disease, and humoral antibody production against the large spirochete were evaluated in pigs convalescent from experimentally induced swine dysentery. Untreated pigs (n = 21) and 5 pigs that had been treated with virginiamycin were included in the study. Treponema organisms were culturally detected in the feces of 2 untreated pigs as long as 70 and 71 days, and in the feces of 1 treated pig as long as 83 days after the last clinical evidence of disease. Of 8 convalescent pigs that intermittently discharged T hyodysenteriae in their feces, 4 transmitted clinical disease to exposed susceptible pigs. One of the convalescent animals had been free of clinical signs of disease for 57 days before introduction of the susceptible pigs. Treated and untreated convalescent pigs developed similarly elevated agglutinin titers that were maintained as long as 150 days after infection. There was no apparent correlation between the frequency or duration of fecal shedding of the spirochetes and the magnitude of the agglutinin titers of the convalescent pigs.
Experimental Infection of Bovine Mammary Glands with Streptococcus uberis During the Nonlactating Period
Authors: McDonald J. S. , Anderson A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was done to determine the susceptibility of nonlactating mammary glands to experimental infection with Streptococcus uberis ATCC 27958.
After inoculation on the day of dry off, none of the glands became infected. At 7 days after inoculation, 12% of the inoculated glands became infected; at 14 days, 50%; and at 21 days, 80%. During the last half of the nonlactating period, all inoculated glands became infected.
Anthelmintic Activities of Ivermectin Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Cattle
Authors: Yazwinski T. A. , Williams M. , Greenway T. , Tilley W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin, a combined solution of the B1a and B1b fractions of avermectin, was assessed in a controlled trial. Twenty-four yearling calves experiencing naturally acquired, clinical gastrointestinal helminthiasis were evenly divided on the basis of weight into two 12-animal groups. The medicated group was given (subcutaneously) ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 μg/kg of body weight. The control animals were given the vehicle alone, at an equivalent rate. All animals were killed 14 days later. At necropsy of the calves, gastrointestinal helminth arithmetic means were 178,626 and 575 for the control and the treated groups, respectively, an overall reduction of 99.7%. Nematodes which were present at substantial levels were Ostertagia ostertagi, O lyrata, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, C oncophora, C mcmasteri, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was excellent regardless of nematode species, sex, or stage of development.
Further Studies with Polyglycolic Acid (Dexon) and Other Sutures in Infected Experimental Wounds
Authors: Varma S. , Lumb W. V. , Johnson L. W. , Ferguson H. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven suture materials (braided polyglycolic acid [bpga, Dexon], multifilament stainless steel, monofilament nylon, black braided silk, braided Dacron [bd, Mersilene], and plain and chromic catgut) were implanted in surgical wounds which were inoculated with 3 dilutions of Staphylococcus aureus. The degree of swelling was measured at 6, 10, 20, and 40 days. Monofilament nylon and multifilament steel produced the least amount of swelling; plain and chromic catgut produced the most. The bpga, bd, and silk caused swellings that were intermediate in degree.
In chronic implantations, inflammatory reactions to the various suture materials differed from those occurring soon after implantation. Response to steel and nylon remained minimal; that to silk was gradual, but overall became the most severe. There was slightly less response with bd. The catguts varied little from each other in their responses. Intense reaction was induced by bpga in the early stages, but the response was mild in chronic implantations.
Malignant Hyperthermia-Triggering Liability of Selected Inhalant Anesthetics in Swine
Authors: McGrath Charles J. , Rempel William E. , Jessen Carl R. , Addis Paul B. , Crimi Anthony J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty pigs, known to be malignant hyperthermia (mh)-susceptible by previous mh-positive [mh(+)] reactions to halothane testing, were given 5 inhalant anesthetics. The number of mh(+) responses evoked by the different anesthetics varied. In response to halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane, mh(+) reactions were exhibited by 12, 11, and 7 pigs, respectively. The number of mh(+) reactions to nitrous oxide (0) and methoxyflurane (1) was significantly (P = 0.02) less. In the present study, all 4 halogenated-hydrocarbon volatile liquid inhalant anesthetics were capable of evoking a mh(+) reaction in susceptible pigs.
Procedure for Granulokinetic Studies in the Horse with Chromium-51
Authors: Carakostas M. C. , Moore W. E. , Smith J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A procedure with chromium-51 (51Cr) as the cell label that maintains high-cell viability for studying granulocyte kinetics in horses is described. The procedure combines and modifies several methods for isolating leukocytes and granulocytes for use in the horse when a large volume of labeled cells is required. Also described is an improved technique for measuring granulocyte specific activity in large serial blood samples, using a Ficoll-sedimentation method. The procedure should be useful for determining granulocyte kinetics in the horse, the only major domestic species for which such data are not available.
Segmental Thoracolumbar Subarachnoid Analgesia in Cows
Authors: Skarda R. T. , Muir W. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A new technique for producing segmental subarachnoid analgesia in adult cows without causing complete loss of locomotor control is described. Segmental subarachnoid analgesia was produced in 18 adult nonpregnant Holstein-Friesian cows. A 17-gauge Huber point directional needle was used to place a catheter with a stylet into the subarachnoid space at the lumbosacral intervertebral space and advance it craniad to the thoracolumbar intervertebral space. The position of the catheter was confirmed radiographically in 8 cows. A 5% solution of procaine hydrochloride was injected through the catheter. The volume injected varied between 1.5 ml (8 cows) and 2 ml (10 cows). The rate of injection was approximately 0.5 ml/30 s. In 5 cows, 1.5 or 2 ml of normal saline solution was injected intrathecally 1 hour before the injection of procaine hydrochloride. These cows served as the control group. Segmental analgesia was achieved 7 to 10 minutes after completing the procaine hydrochloride injection and extended between spinal cord segments T9 and L4 on one or both sides of the spinal cord. The average duration of analgesia, as determined by response to superficial and deep muscular pinprick stimulation at the L1 dermatome, was 43.7 ± 17.6 minutes, with a range of 22 to 80 minutes.
Significant decreases (P < 0.05) in respiratory rate and rectal temperature and increases in heart rate and subcutaneous temperature occurred in cows given procaine hydrochloride. The clinical application of the technique was demonstrated in one surgical procedure described. The advantages and disadvantages of segmental subarachnoid analgesia compared with segmental epidural analgesia are discussed.
Interaction of Blood-Borne Escherichia coli with Phagocytes of Spleen and Liver in Turkeys
Authors: Arp L. H. , Cheville N. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The response of splenic and hepatic macrophages to blood-borne virulent and avirulent Escherichia coli was studied in 3-week-old turkeys. Bacterial titers in blood, spleen, and liver were determined for 20 minutes after iv injection of E coli. Spleen and liver were examined by light and electron microscopy. Blood titers of avirulent E coli were reduced to 1/3,000 of their original level in 20 minutes, whereas titers of virulent E coli were only slightly reduced. The E coli localized in macrophages of hepatic sinusoids and splenic reticular sheaths (ellipsoids). In liver, phagocytosis was more efficient for avirulent E coli than for virulent E coli. In splenic macrophages, phagosomal membranes were separated from ingested avirulent E coli by a prominent space, whereas phagosomal membranes surrounding virulent E coli were wavy and closely apposed to the bacterial surface. The appearance of phagosomes may reflect the capacity of splenic macrophages to kill intracellular E coli. Cultural and histopathologic results indicated that virulent E coli resisted trapping and killing by macrophages of spleen and liver.
Variations of Plasma Enzymes in the Pony and the Dog After Carbon Tetrachloride Administration
Authors: Noonan Norine E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adult female dogs or pony mares were subjected to a nonlethal dose of CC14 (0.5 ml/kg of body weight). Amounts of several plasma enzymes thought to be indicative of hepatic disease were monitored. Plasma enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alkaline phosphatase (alp), arginase, γ-glutamyltransferase (ggt), and iditol dehydrogenase (id), as well as total plasma bilirubin, were determined in these animals before and after the administration of the CCl4. In the dog, ggt was not significantly increased, whereas alp values were increased during days 1 to 6. In the pony, ggt was significantly increased during the entire course of the study, whereas alp exhibited only small, transient (though significant) increases. Responses of id, ast, and alp were unremarkable when compared between the pony and the dog. Total bilirubin was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from days 1 to 4 (pony) or days 5 to 8 (dog) after the CCl4 dose, but subsequently returned to or decreased below base-line values. Animals did not have evidence of icterus at any time.
Seemingly, the dog and the pony are distinct clinical entities, and only the appropriate laboratory tests for each species should be used to provide information for the clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatic disease.
Isolation and Identification of Five New Serotypes of Calicivirus from Marine Mammals
Authors: Smith Alvin W. , Skilling Douglas E. , Latham Arthur B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five new serotypes of calicivirus have been isolated from marine mammals. San Miguel sea lion virus (smsv)-8 and smsv-10 were recovered from vesicular lesions on the flippers of northern fur seals in the Pribilof Islands of Alaska. Serotype smsv-9 was isolated from a sea lion in southern California, and smsv-11 was isolated from 2 northern fur seal pups in southern California. Serotype smsv-12 was also isolated in southern California from sea lion and fur seal pups.