bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric aphakic glaucoma
Authors: Kirwan Caitriona , O'Keefe Michael 
Published: August 2006

Abstract.Context:  Aphakic glaucoma is a serious, sight‐threatening complication in children who remain aphakic following congenital cataract surgery. The reported incidence varies from 15% to 45% and it has a higher incidence in small eyes and in babies who undergo surgery before 4 weeks of age. Most cases take the form of open‐angle glaucoma. Despite careful monitoring, diagnostic difficulties in children may lead to delayed treatment. Aphakic children require ongoing monitoring, including examinations carried out under general anaesthesia.Management:  Contrary to earlier optimism, it is unlikely, according to current clinical information, that intraocular lenses provide protection against the development of glaucoma. It is likely that the lower incidence of glaucoma in pseudophakic eyes results from selection bias for lens insertion. Both medical and surgical treatments have a role in glaucoma management. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C or Seton implantation (glaucoma drainage device) form the mainstay of surgical treatment. The success rate with Seton implants is better in the short term and more promising in the longer term than that of trabeculectomy. Cyclodestructive procedures play a role in refractory glaucoma. Success rates for surgery range from 14% to 44% and many children require additional medical treatment. Children with aphakic glaucoma need lifelong care. Despite our best efforts, many have poor vision, poor glaucoma control and ultimately become blind.
Actinic cheilitis: histopathology and p53
Authors: Neto Pimentel Dalva Regina , Michalany Nilceo , Alchorne Mauricio , Abreu Marilda , Borra Ricardo Carneiro , Weckx Luc 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Chronic actinic cheilitis (AC) is a precursor of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip.Objectives:  To evaluate the histopathological characteristics that may help to identify AC more susceptible to carcinomatous transformation, to assess the p53 protein expression in AC, and to determine the value of the p53 expression as a marker of transformation into SCC of the lip.Methods:  Seventy cases of chronic AC were reviewed, 31 of which were associated with SCCs. The samples were obtained from pathology reports of AC and SCC of the lip. Histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of the p53 protein were evaluated in isolated AC and in AC adjacent to SCC.Results:  The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate in the corium was the only histopathological finding significantly associated both with the presence of an invasive tumor and with the degree of epithelial atypia. Most AC (85%) were immunoreactive to the p53 protein. The p53 protein expression in cheilitis was not statistically associated with any other histopathological criteria.Conclusions:  An intense inflammatory infiltrate in AC was predictive of an adjacent invasive SCC. In this study, the p53 protein immunoreactivity was not a marker of malignant transformation.
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts presenting as a scalp cyst
Authors: Seykora John T. , Kutcher Cynthia , Van De Rijn Matt , Dzubow Leonard , Junkins‐Hopkins Jaqueline , Ioffreda Micheal 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts (OFMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm of intermediate malignant potential. The tumor most commonly occurs on the extremities with a male predominance. We present an unusual case of OFMT occurring as a cystic lesion on the scalp of a female.Case history:  A 67‐year‐old woman presented with a 6‐year history of a well demarcated cystic scalp mass. Physical examination revealed a slightly movable, multilobular mass of the left parietal scalp which was subsequently excised. Histological evaluation revealed an OFMT comprised of bland, small cells and a thick collagenous capsule containing an incomplete rim of lamellar bone.Conclusion:  OFMT is an unusual tumor which can usually be considered as having an intermediate risk of malignancy. It generally occurs in the extremities with a male predominance. The clinical differential for a cystic mass on the scalp is broadened by this unusual case of an OFMT.
Expression of cytokeratin subtypes in intraepidermal malignancies: a guide for differentiation
Authors: Aslan Figen , Demirkesen Cuyan , Çağatay Penbe , Tüzüner Nükhet 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Among intraepidermal malignancies of epithelial origin, Bowen's disease, bowenoid actinic keratosis (BAK), intraepidermal malignant eccrine poroma (MEP), and Paget's disease may pose diagnostic difficulties.Methods:  Histologic features and immunohistochemical profiles of 24 cases of Bowen's disease, 21 cases of BAK, 18 cases of intraepidermal MEP, and 11 cases of Paget's disease were analyzed.Results:  Using multivariate logistic regression test, multinuclear giant cells and solar degeneration were found to be the only histologic parameters of diagnostic help. On the other hand, a widespread positive reaction for CK 5/8, CK 7, CK 19, and negative reaction for CK 10, was a helpful feature in the differentiation of Paget's disease from Bowen's disease and BAK. The widespread and strong expression of CK 10 was seen in almost all cases of Bowen's disease in contrast to BAK. The widespread expression of CK 5/8 and CK 7, and negative reaction for CK 10, was in favor of Paget's disease, compared to intraepidermal MEP. On the other hand, widespread expression of CK 19 was a common finding in intraepidermal MEP, in contrast to Bowen's disease.Conclusion:  An immunohistochemical panel may provide significant hints on the differentiation of common intraepidermal malignancies, especially in problematic cases.
Rosetoid schwannoma (neuroblastoma‐like) in association with an anetoderma
Authors: Vélez Dolores , Reina Duran Teresa , Pérez‐Gala Silvia , Fernández Javier Fraga 
Published: August 2006

Background:  We report an additional case of an extremely uncommon but distinctive histological variant of benign schwannoma, which was previously designated as neuroblastoma‐like schwannoma by Goldblum et al.Methods:  A 29‐year‐old woman referred to a 6‐year‐history of an atrofic macule. Its clinical appearance was similar to that of an anetoderma.Results:  A cutaneous biopsy showed findings consistent with a neuroblastoma‐like schwannoma with the following peculiar features: (i) Being fully composed of rosette‐like structures. (ii) Association to an anetoderma.Conclusions:  Because neither the histological pattern nor the type of tumor allows a differential diagnosis with neuroblastoma, we propose the descriptive term of rosetoid schwannoma. And to our knowledge, this will be the first case reported of rosetoid schwannoma associated to anetoderma.
Onycholemmal carcinoma
Authors: Inaoki Makoto , Makino Eiichi , Adachi Maiko , Fujimoto Wataru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract:A 70‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a 5‐year history of refractory indolent onycholysis of the little finger of the right hand. Roentgenograms did not show involvement of the bone. Histological examination revealed an epithelial tumor consisting of lobular masses varying in size. The tumor was composed of keratinocytes varying in atypicality and showed infiltrative growth into the dermis but not into the phalangeal bone. The tumor had cystic structures composed of eosinophilic amorphous keratin and a surrounding thin layer of keratinocytes. Characteristically, the epithelium in the center of the tumor abruptly changed into amorphous keratin without the formation of intervening keratohyaline granules. From these findings, the mass was diagnosed as onycholemmal carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed a keratin profile comparable to that of the nail bed epithelium and a smaller number of Ki‐67‐positive proliferating tumor cells compared with those of a previous case of onycholemmal carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in an area of long‐standing necrobiosis lipoidica
Authors: Lim Cathy , Tschuchnigg Mark , Lim Jake 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Squamous cell carcinoma in an area of chronic ulceration is a well‐documented phenomenon. However, its occurrence arising de novo in an area of necrobiosis lipoidica is rare.Method:  We report a case in a 53‐year‐old female who presented with a 2 month history of an erythematous nodule occurring in a plaque of necrobiosis lipoidica on the medical aspect of the right lower leg. She had a background of poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes.Results:  Histopathological findings revealed a well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma overlying an area of necrobiosis lipoidica. Treatment was by excision and split‐thickness skin graft.Conclusion:  Clinicians should be aware of malignant transformation within a plaque of necrobiosis lipoidica. Early detection will allow conservative treatment.
Primary cutaneous histiocyte and neutrophil‐rich CD30+ and CD56+ anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma with prominent angioinvasion and nerve involvement in the forehead and scalp of an immunocompetent woman
Authors: Boudova Ludmila , Kazakov Dmitry V. , Jindra Pavel , Sima Radek , Vanecek Tomáš , Kuntscher Vilem , Vera Vozobulova , Bouda Jiri , Michal Michal 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Cutaneous lymphomas co‐expressing CD56 and CD30 are very rare. They share a clinicopathological overlap with natural killer‐ (NK)/T‐cell lymphomas and anaplastic large‐cell lymphomas (ALCLs), two entities with widely disparate clinical behavior.Methods:  We present a case of an immunocompetent 57‐year‐old Caucasian woman with a rapidly growing, angiodestructive and neuroinvasive primary cutaneous ALCL (PCALCL). The neoplastic population of large anaplastic CD30+ and CD56+ T cells was masked by a massive admixture of histiocytes and neutrophils. The partially ulcerated and pus‐secreting tumor involved the forehead and scalp and was assessed as clinical stage IAE.Results:  After chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), the patient achieved a complete remission. Additionally, high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem‐cell transplantation was administered as a consolidation of complete remission, in which she has remained for 6 years.Conclusions:  This is the first CD30+ and CD56+ primary skin lymphoma to be reported on the head. The presented case carries a remarkable combination of clinicopathological features of PCALCL and NK‐/T‐cell lymphoma.
Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects
Authors: Solano Francisco , Briganti Stefania , Picardo Mauro , Ghanem Ghanem 
Published: August 2006

SummaryAn overview of agents causing hypopigmentation in human skin is presented. The review is organized to put forward groups of biological and chemical agents. Their mechanisms of action cover (i) tyrosinase inhibition, maturation and enhancement of its degradation; (ii) Mitf inhibition; (iii) downregulation of MC1R activity; (iv) interference with melanosome maturation and transfer; (v) melanocyte loss, desquamation and chemical peeling. Tyrosinase inhibition is the most common approach to achieve skin hypopigmentation as this enzyme catalyses the rate‐limiting step of pigmentation. Despite the large number of tyrosinase inhibitors in vitro, only a few are able to induce effects in clinical trials. The gap between in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies suggests that innovative strategies are needed for validating their efficacy and safety. Successful treatments need the combination of two or more agents acting on different mechanisms to achieve a synergistic effect. In addition to tyrosinase inhibition, other parameters related to cytotoxicity, solubility, cutaneous absorption, penetration and stability of the agents should be considered. The screening test system is also very important as keratinocytes play an active role in modulating melanogenesis within melanocytes. Mammalian skin or at least keratinocytes/melanocytes co‐cultures should be preferred rather than pure melanocyte cultures or soluble tyrosinase.
Soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius VEGF mRNA responses to hypoxia and exercise are preserved in aged compared with young female C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Gavin T. P. , Westerkamp L. M. , Zwetsloot K. A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAims:  In humans, skeletal muscle capillarization and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA response to acute exercise are lower in aged compared with young. The exercise‐induced increase in VEGF mRNA has been proposed to involve hypoxic regulation of VEGF and is believed to be fibre type‐dependent. We hypothesized that attenuated VEGF mRNA responses to hypoxia and exercise with advanced age would be greatest in oxidative vs. glycolytic muscles.Methods:  3‐ and 24‐month‐old female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to acute hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.06) or performed a single exercise (65% of maximum treadmill running speed) bout. Capillarization and VEGF mRNA were analysed in the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles.Results:  In each muscle, VEGF mRNA was greater in aged compared with young, while the VEGF mRNA response to acute hypoxia or acute exercise was similar between young and aged. Morphological analysis revealed that type IIA fibre percentage and type IIB capillarization in the plantaris were greater and type IIB fibre cross‐sectional area (FCSA) in the gastrocnemius was smaller in aged compared with young.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that ageing does not impair the potential for non‐pathological angiogenesis in mice and that acute exercise increases VEGF mRNA in the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles, which differ considerably in fibre type percentage.
Effect of Diets Formulated with Native Peruvian Plants on Growth and Feeding Efficiency of Red Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) Juveniles
Authors: Palacios Maria E. , Dabrowski Konrad , Abiado Mary Ann G. , Lee Kyeong‐Jun , Kohler Christopher C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract We evaluated the effects of casein‐based semipurified diets, alone or supplemented with native Peruvian plants, on growth, feed efficiency, and histology of the digestive tract of red pacu, Piaractus brachypomus, juveniles over an 8‐wk feeding trial. Three tanks were randomly assigned to one of four casein–gelatin (40:8) diets containing a supplement of 15% wheat meal (control) or an identical level of substitution of three South American native plant as follows: camu‐camu fruit (Myrciaria dubia), aguaje fruit (Mauritia flexuosa), or maca tuber meal (Lepidium meyenii). The fish (initial weight, 2.04 ± 0.06 g) were fed experimental diets at decreasing feeding rates from 4 to 2.6% of body weight. After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed a diet supplemented with maca meal showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (NPU), and instantaneous feed intake than fish fed other diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), PER, and NPU in fish fed the casein–gelatin diet supplemented with maca meal were among the best ever reported in the scientific literature, 0.64 ± 0.03, 3.13 ± 0.15 and 23.8 ± 2.0, respectively. The camu‐camu meal had a negative impact on diet palatability and utilization, which resulted in slower growth. The stomach, intestine, pancreas, and pyloric caeca at the start and end of the experiment showed normal differentiation and appearance of cells and tissues. The liver parenchyma showed lipid infiltration and pigment accumulation in all samples at the initiation of the experiment and may be attributed to the period of decreased feed intake prior to the study. At the end of the study, similar histopathologies were recorded in all samples from the control and camu‐camu groups. Normal liver histology (polyhedral hepatocytes with centrally located nuclei) was observed in two of three samples from the maca group and all the samples from the group that was fed the aguaje‐supplemented diet.
Effect of Astaxanthin from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous on the Pigmentation of Goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Xu Xueming , Jin Zhengyu , Wang Hongtao , Chen Xiaoming , Wang Caiqing , Yu Shuai 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the addition of astaxanthin from red yeast, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, in the diets of goldfish, Carassius auratus. The first was designed to investigate the distribution of pigments in different tissues of goldfish and the effect of astaxanthin in the diet. The carotenoid concentration of tissues was not homogenous. The content of pigments in fish caudal fin was the highest followed by those of scales and head. Flesh had the least carotenoid deposition. Fish fed the diet containing 60 mg/kg astaxanthin had increased concentration of pigment in its head (22.6%), scales (45.5%), flesh (31.0%), and fin (21.2%), compared to fish fed basal diet (P < 0.05). Sixty parts per million astaxanthin had no effect on the weight gain and survival rate. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed astaxanthin in its esterified form in goldfish. The second experiment was aimed at determining the dietary level of astaxanthin that improved color of goldfish. Goldfish were fed the same diet supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg yeast astaxanthin/kg for 60 d. The deposition of carotenoids in goldfish fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 15 d of feeding compared to that of the fish fed the diet without astaxanthin, but the effect of dosage of astaxanthin in the diets on the color of goldfish was not completely evident until Day 60 (P < 0.05). During the period of 15–45 d, the deposition of pigments in fish did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) in any treatment with the exception of the diet with 40 mg yeast astaxanthin/kg.
An Efficient Methodology for Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa of Red Seabream, Pagrus major, with 2‐mL Cryovials
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Li Jun , Zhang Shicui , Ding Fuhong , Xu Xizhang , Xiao Zhizhong , Xu Shihong 
Published: August 2006

Abstract The aim of this study was to optimize the cryopreservation protocols for the sperm of red seabream, Pagrus major. The 2‐mL cryovials and programmable freezer were employed for cryopreservation. Six extenders, six cryoprotectants in various concentrations ranging from 6 to 20% (v/v), four cooling rates, and three thawing temperatures were evaluated by postthaw sperm motility and fertility. The ratio of sperm to egg for postthaw sperm fertilization trials was experimentally standardized and was optimal at 500:1. The best motility of postthaw sperm (79.4 ± 4.7% to 88.6 ± 8.0%), fertilization rates (89.6 ± 2.9 to 95.6 ± 1.9%), and hatching rates (85.3 ± 5.1% to 91.4 ± 4.3%) were achieved when Cortland extender, dimethyl sulfoxide (15, 18, and 20%) or ethylene glycol (9, 12%) as cryoprotectants, 20 C/min as the cooling rate, and 40 C as the thawing temperature were employed. Moreover, the results on embryonic development were not significantly different between cryopreserved sperm and fresh sperm during incubation process. In conclusion, these methods of cryopreservation of red seabream sperm are suitable for routine aquaculture application and preservation of genetic resources.
Effects of Added Substrate on Production of Red Swamp Crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, in Earthen Ponds without Planted Forage
Authors: D’Abramo Louis R. , Ohs Cortney L. , Elgarico Kathleen C. E. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract The effects of addition of substrate consisting of plastic mesh fencing to experimental earthen ponds were evaluated for the culture of the red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, without planted forage. Mean daily yield (kg/ha/d), number of crawfish harvested (number/ha/d), and mean individual harvest weight were compared for ponds with and without substrate during a 2‐yr period. The surface area of added substrate was equivalent to 50% of the bottom surface area of the pond. Mean daily yield in the ponds containing substrate, based on a comparison with that of the previous year, increased by 80.2% and was principally attributed to a 66.7% increase in the number of crawfish harvested. Comparative values for the ponds without substrate were −13.1 and −11.7%. For the second year, the treatment‐dependent response was consistent. Mean daily yield for the substrate ponds increased by 48.8% compared to 15.0% for the ponds lacking substrate. The primary benefit of the substrate appears to be provision of refuge and three‐dimensional distribution of crawfish in the pond, thereby reducing the incidence of cannibalism and increasing the total number of crawfish harvested per hectare per day. The benefit of the substrate in a commercial production setting must be weighed against its cost and longevity as well as the conditions of the particular management scenario into which it may be incorporated.
Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. VIII. Comparative development of three Cyphostemma (Vitaceae) species reveals important vegetative and reproductive differences among the species
Authors: Wilson Trevor C. , Gerrath Jean M. , Posluszny Usher 
Published: August 2006

Vegetative and floral development of Cyphostemma simulans (C.A. Small) Wild & Drummond, Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Descoings, and Cyphostemma mappia (Lam) Galet were compared using epi-illumination light microscopy and paraffin sectioning. Cyphostemma simulans is a liana with leaf-opposed tendrils and inflorescences, which both arise from the shoot apical meristem, whereas the other two species are shrubs that lack tendrils and their main shoot terminates in an inflorescence. A shoot apical meristem of C. simulans can be overtopped by an inflorescence, making the architecture appear to develop like a sympodium, which is the architecture shared by the other two species. On the other hand, a terminal inflorescence of C. juttae or C. mappia can be placed in a leaf-opposed position by a precocious axillary branch, making the architecture appear to develop like a monopodium, which is the typical architecture of the Vitaceae. The floral development of all three species is similar in early ontogeny, except for a difference in calyx development between C. mappia and the other two species. Later developmental differences of the septum and gynoecium, in addition to flower colour and phenology, are distinct characteristics that distinguish flowers of each species. Therefore, this study is the first to demonstrate differences in the floral characteristics of Cyphostemma. In addition, it shows how each architecture type (monopodium or sympodium) can resemble the other and so provides stronger evidence about how the unique architecture of the Vitaceae has originated.