bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M.R.I. Spectrum of Intrinsic Spinal Cord Lesions
Authors: LOW V. , KHANGURE M.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe report our experience of 42 patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrating intrinsic lesions of the spinal cord, excluding those secondary to spondylosis, trauma or congenital malformations. Histological confirmation of the radiological diagnosis was obtained in 15 (36%). MRI is more sensitive than either myelography or CT. MRI identified a previously non‐visualised lesion in 17 of 30 cases. In a further 13 cases, MRI contributed by identifying associated features such as cysts and haemorrhage which have aided in the diagnosis and management of the patients. The last 12 cases, which were patients with multiple sclerosis, had MRI as the only neuroradiological examination. These illustrate a range of appearances. The overlap of imaging appearances of the various pathologies implies that a useful diagnosis and differential can only be offered by considering the MRI appearances of a lesion, with its associated features, with the clinical presentation, and with other imaging modalities where appropriate.
Testicular Lymphoma ‐ The Need for a New Approach
Authors: POULSEN M.G. , ROBERTS S.J. , TAYLOR K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThirteen cases of malignant lymphoma of the testis were referred to the Queensland Radium Institute between 1975 and 1989. The age varied from 43 years to 84 years and the histology was intermediate to high grade in all cases. Seven patients had Stage I/II and 6 had Stage III/IV. The 4 year survival was only 16%. Half of the relapses were systemic, 1 was in the paraaortic nodes (unirradiated) and 2 were in the opposite testicle. Adjuvant radiotherapy to paraaortic nodes and mild chemotherapy have produced disappointing results. A new approach using aggressive combination chemotherapy and adjuvant scrotal irradiation is proposed for early stage disease.
Unilateral Breast Edema in Congestive Heart Failure ‐ A Mimic of Diffuse Carcinoma
Authors: DOYLE ANTHONY JAMES 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMammography in a patient with congestive heart failure showed unilateral skin thickening and a reticular pattern mimicking diffuse carcinoma. Resolution after treatment of the heart failure established the abnormality as secondary to dependent edema.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Peripheral T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: YUH W.T.C. , WEN B.C. , ARGENYI Z.B. , MAYR N.A. , MOORE T.E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe report magnetic resonance (MR) findings of two unusual cases of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, one initially presenting as a soft‐tissue mass in the neck and the other in the foot. MR imaging provides better tissue contrast and lesion delineation than CT. However, MR signal characteristics cannot differentiate this lymphoma from other soft‐tissue tumours. Although it is rare, peripheral T‐cell lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a soft‐tissue mass.
Cost Considerations in the Provision of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Services
Authors: HAILEY DAVID M. , CROWE BERNARD L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTData from the Australian MRI Assessment Program, which involved five public hospitals, are presented covering the second year of operation at each MRI unit when stable conditions of service provision had become established. The data relate to two 15T super conductive units, one 1.OT super conductive unit and two 0.3T resistive magnetic resonance imaging units. A review of the cost data suggests the need for the operation of expensive facilities for extended periods with careful patient selection in order to reduce the average cost per scan and to maximise the clinical benefit to patients. There were variations in the conditions of use of the equipment between the differing centres and there will be a need for a consensus on optimum levels of matters such as operating times and staffing levels. As the results from the MRI Assessment Program were obtained in a teaching hospital environment with a particular referral pattern, the benefits of the technology in other situations will need further consideration.
MR Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: LOW V. , KHANGURE M.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEight patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI findings were verified by surgery in five, compared with ultrasonography in eight, with computed tomography in four and with angiography in eight patients. The size and extent of aneurysm, presence of thrombus, size of the residual lumen and involvement of branch vessels were readily demonstrated by MRI. Whilst sonography should remain the screening procedure of choice in patients with suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms, this early experience suggests that MRI may prove to be a noninvasive and adequate means of evaluating patients prior to surgery.
Sonographic Gallbladder Wall Thickening in Children: Association with Acute Hepatitis A
Authors: FOULNER DERYCK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSonographic gallbladder wall thickening is a nonspecific finding with numerous causes. It is uncommon in children and usually associated with disease not localised to the gallbladder.Three paediatric cases of sonographic gallbladder wall thickening in association with acute Hepatitis A are presented. Sonographic resolution, coinciding with clinical improvement, occurred in each case without specific therapy or harmful sequelae.
The Role of CT in the Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Pineal Region Tumours
Authors: CAMPO MARGARET P. DE , DAVIS MARTIN D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAs one treatment option for pineal region tumours is based on the accurate prediction of histology by CT, the scans of 11 children with biopsy proven pineal region tumours were reviewed, and poor correlation found with the “classical” appearances previously described.Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are best achieved when CT is combined with serum tumour markers, CSF cytology and tumour biopsy/debulking/resection.
Ultrasound of Intussusception with Lead Points
Authors: LAM ALBERT H. , FIRMAN KEMAS 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTUltrasonography of 4 cases of intussusception in children with proven lead points were reviewed retrospectively. The lead points were due to lymphosarcoma, inverted Meckel's diverticulum, jejunal polyps and an inverted appendiceal stump. The lead points form a complex mass in the centre of the intussusception in both transverse and longitudinal sections, distinct from primary intussusception. The presence of such ultra‐sonographic findings are suggestive of secondary intussusception with a lead point and surgical reduction rather than hydrostatic reduction should be considered.
Reliability of Transabdominal Ultrasound in the Measurement of Prostate Size
Authors: HOUGH D.M. , LIST A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThirty‐eight patients underwent transabdominal sonographic measurement of their prostate by two different sonographers. Prostatic weight was estimated by the ellipsoid method. In 47% of the cases the second estimate of weight was within 5g of the first and in 84% of cases the second estimate was within 1% of the first. 95% of the time the second estimate was within 16g of the first. The differences in estimated weight between the two observers ranged from lg to 22g with a mean of 6g. The estimated prostatic weight differed from the mean prostatic weight by more than 20% in 58% of cases. (Mean prostatic weight = the mean of the two weights estimated for each patient). Measurement error was less significant in the larger prostates. The accuracy is probably satisfactory in routine clinical practice when the aim is to demonstrate the presence and degree of prostatic enlargement but the error may be significant in pre‐operative assessment of prostate size and measurement prior to stenting the prostatic urethra. The error, if not accounted for, could compromise a clinical trial involving serial prostatic measurements.
Olfactory Neuroblastoma ‐ Management of a rare tumour at the Queensland Radium Institute and literature review
Authors: AHERN V.A. , POULSEN M.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOlfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) is an extremely rare tumour arising from the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity close to the cribriform plate. Most institutions will have little experience in recognisi the clinical and histological features, or management of this tumour and reliance is placed on researching the literature when the individual patient presents. This study reviews seven patients with olfactory neuroblastoma treated at the Queensland Radium Institute from 1971 to January 1990. The overall local contrd rate in this series is 57% (four of seven patients) and 43% of patients (three of seven) remain alive. Conservative surgery and post‐operative radiotherapy is recommended for early disease and more radical surgery with post‐operative radiotherapy for advanced disease.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Treatment of Neck Node Recurrence by Radiotherapy
Authors: SHAM JONATHAN S.T. , CHOY D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe records of 91 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who were treated with external radiotherapy for recurrent neck node disease were reviewed. All patients had received prior radiotherapy for cervical nodal disease or prophylactic neck irradiation. The node size (product of the greatest perpendicular diameters) at the time of treatment for nodal relapse ranged from 1cm2to 35cm2(median 2.25cm2). The radiation dose ranged from 823 RETs to 1949 RETs (median 1520 RETs). The recurrent node size and radiation dose were found significant prognostic factors for local control. The local tumour control for nodes 4cm3or smaller was 51% at five years, for nodes greater than 4cm3was 16% at 18 months (p=0.0'l). The overall 5 year survival was 19.7%. Radiation dose greater than 1600 RETs was significantly associated with better survival for patients with recurrent nodes measured 4cm or smaller, but higher radiation dose did not improve the survival of patients with recurrent nodes greater than 4cm2. Because of the dilemma of suboptimal control resulting from inadequate radiation dose when compared with surgical treatment, and possible radiation complication from higher dose, surgery should be the treatment of choice for neck node recurrence after primary radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Shades of Gray: A Personal View of Palliation by Radiotherapy*
Authors: BOURNE R G 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPalliation is a significant part of the work of a radiation oncologist and yet is discussed infrequently. All too often it is considered simple when in many cases the contrary is the case.The philosophy of palliation is discussed and is defined as non‐curative treatment. Further sub‐division into symptom control, growth restraint/local control is helpful.The aim of palliation must be clearly defined if it is to be achieved? taking into account not only the lesion causing the problem but also many other factors including the patient's general condition, the clinical evolution of the tumour, previous treatment and social factors. The aim should be communicated to the patient and relatives.Doses for effective palliation vary from low to high and require different fractionation regimens. Examples are given from clinical practice with emphasis on difficult and controversial areas.There are as many diseases as patients and the need to individualise treatment is stressed.
Ureteral Obstruction in Hydatid Disease
Authors: MERCHANT SULEMAN A. , PATEL VIMAL H. , RELEKAR RAJAN , BAPAT RAVINDRA D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of ureteric obstruction in renal hydatid disease is reported. This unusual complication possibly occurred following surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported.
CT Demonstration of Complex Dorsal Spinal Dysraphism
Authors: GUPTA RAKESH K. , PHADKE RAJENDRA V. , SRIVASTAVA DEEP N. , JAIN VUENDRA K. , GUJRAL RATNI B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn unusual a, qe of dorsal spinal dysraphisrn in a four yar old child is presented. Various abnormalities including diasternatomyelia, an extradural arachnoid cyst arising from one of the two dural tubes, and lipomeningomyelocele with a related rib‐like bony structure were demonstrated with Iohexol CT and subsequently confirmed at surgery.
Malignant Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis
Authors: ADLER B.D. , KELSEY. P.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA patient is described with an indolent scrotal mass complicated by acute hydroeoele which was proven to be due to malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis. Although uncommon, the possibility of scrotal mass lesion should be eonsidered in ultrasound examination of hydrocoeles with atypical presentations.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: MR Imaging
Authors: SINGCHAROEN THANIT , UDOMPANICH ORACHART , CHAKKAPHAK KANNKAR 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThirty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined by MRI. Distinctive findings of HCC such as the presence of fatty degeneration, a capsule, mosaic pattern, daughter nodules and tumor thrombi in major veins were noted in 6, 13, 1, 10 and 9 cases or 20%, 43%, 3%, 33% and 30% respectively.
Primary Hypothyroidism with Pituitary Enlargement and a Visual Field Abnormality
Authors: FULCHER GREGORY , ROCHE JAMES , McELDUFF AIDAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 23 year old man presented with classical hypothyroidism of 9 years duration. This was associated with pituitary enlargement, documented on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and abnormal half‐field visual evoked responses (VERs). Following the initiation of thyroxine therapy the pituitary enlargement and the VER abnormalities resolved. The final diagnosis was of primary hypothyroidism with secondary pituitary hyperplasia.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Carotid Dissection
Authors: NELSON J.R. , BOUNDY K.L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging was performed in two cases of suspected internal carotid artery dissection. In both cases it was possible to demonstrate the dissection. It is suggested that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could replace more invasive techniques in the diagnosis of this condition.
CT in Complete Congenital Eventration of Diaphragm with Aplasia of Lung
Authors: BUXI TARVINDER B.S. , SHUBHRA  , KHANNA VIRENDER K. , SAXENA USHA , DUITA TRIPTA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTComplete eventration of the diaphragm and pulmonary aplasia, though rare anomalies, should be considered in new‐borns with respiratory distress. Such anomalous conditions occurring either alone or in combination elude diagnosis and pose problems for management. CT is a very effective, non invasive means of diagnosis which in the past depended largely on invasive procedures such as bronchography, angiograpby and thoracotomy.
Gastric Dilatation and Necrosis in Bulimia: A Case Report
Authors: BEILES C.B. , ROGERS G. , UPJOHN J. , WISE A.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTGastric dilatation and perforation is a rare complication in anorexialbulimia sufferers. We describe a 24 year old female who presented with severe abdominal pain and vomiting, in whom radiographs demonstrated gross gastric dilatation and subsequent perforation. Although gastric perforation is rare, one can anticipate a rising incidence, with the apparent increase in the incidence of bulimia.
Inadvertent Duodenal Stenting: A Case Report
Authors: ROY SUMIT , BAIJAL. S.S. , PHADKE R.V. , CHOUDHURI G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA Gianturco type metallic stent placed in the common bile duct migrated into the duodenum. The device remains in situ, and has caused no ill‐effects to date. This raises the possibility that such stents may be deployed in the gastrointestinal tract
Percutaneous Lung Aspiration Biopsy: A Comparison Between Two Fine Needles
Authors: CHEONG WING‐YEE , THOMAS ANJULA , CHEE SWEE‐GUAN , TAN KIM‐PING 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFine needle lung aspiration biopsy is now a well established method of obtaining tissue for histopatho‐logical diagnosis. It is fast, simple and reliable, and has a very low complication rate. We report our experience using two fine needles, the Turner and the EZ‐EM Cut‐Biopsy needles, comparing their yield and complication rates. We found that both needles had comparable diagnostic yields (65% with the Turner, and 71% with the EZ‐EM) and complication rates. We also found that in most cases, aspirates alone were sufficient for diagnosis, and that obtaining tissue cores with larger bore EZ‐EM needles did not significantly influence the diagnostic outcome. We conclude that both the Turner and the EZ‐EM needles are equally effective and safe in percutaneous lung aspiration biopsy. The least traumatic needle should be used except when the cytological diagnosis is nonspecific inflammatory cells or inadequate, in which case a repeat with a cutting needle is advised to obtain a core of tissue.
Multifocal Osteosarcoma with Extensive Pleural Metastatic Disease
Authors: HOUGH D.M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn eighteen year old female presented with multifocal synchronous osteosarcoma, with multiple skeletal foci of tumour in long bones, pelvis and spine. The radiographically dominant lesion was in the right ilium, and this was considered to be the primary site. There was an extensive osseous pleural plaque and there were also metastases to lungs, peritoneum, abdominal wall, adrenal gland and lymph nodes. A review of the literature reveals that multifocal osteosarcoma is an uncommon condition and is probably due to metastatic disease and not multiple primary lesions. Pleural metastatic disease in osteosarcoma has been seldom reported.
A Case of Hepatic Hydrothorax Due to a Large Diaphragmatic Defect
Authors: LAU K.K. , ARKLES B. , McKENZIE A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTHepatic hydrothorax is an infrequent complication of cirrhosis. The source of pleural fluid has been the subject of considerable speculation. A case of hepatic hydrothorax is discussed which illustrates a large diaphragmatic defect as the cause of ascitic fluid passing into the pleural cavity.
A Comparison Between M.R.I. and C.T. in the Investigation of Neurological Deterioration in Longstanding Spinal Trauma
Authors: SILBERSTEIN MORRY , HENNESSY OLIVER , TRESS BRIAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT:MRI at 0.3 T and CT with myelo‐graphic contrast (CTM) were compared in the retrospective evaluation of 35 patients investigated for the development of new neurological symptoms following longstanding spinal cord injury.Compared with MRI, CTM was relatively accurate for the demonstration of spinal cord compression, but failed to identify 23% of patients with spinal cord atrophy, and 43% of patients with post‐traumatic syrinx formation. However, 5 patients had unsatisfactory MR imaging, either due to motion or metallic artifact, and in 3 of these, CTM demonstrated a syrinx.Although MRI is the method of choice in the investigation of this problem. CTM may still be required for patients with an unsatisfactory MR examination.Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is now an established technique for imaging the spine, with accurate depiction of the spinal cord, as well as the adjacent soft tissues (1, 2). However, the cost of this technique, and its as yet limited availability in Australasia, has resulted in the necessity to demonstrate its superiority over other imaging modalities for any specific clinical problem (3). One of the major areas of impact of MR has been in the investigation of the problem of acute neurological deterioration in patients with past spinal trauma (4, 5, 6). Some of these patients will have treatable causes of deterioration, either a post‐traumatic syrinx, or spinal cord compression (6), and MR can be used to image these conditions (7), which, until recently, were investigated with computed tomography with myelographic contrast medium (CTM), (8, 9).In the largest reported study comparing MR and CTM, Betz et al (6) reported the results of 43 children who were investigated up to 48 months from original injury, of whom 24 had CTM. They concluded that although MR was indicated for the evaluation of subacute and chronic spinal cord injured patients, CT‐myelography remained essential before considering surgery for spinal cord decompression (6).We retrospectively evaluated the results of MR and CT‐myelography in 35 patients who developed new symptoms following past spinal cord injury to determine whether there was still any place for CTM in the evaluation of this problem.
Liver CT A Practical Approach to Dynamic Contrast Enhancement
Authors: DITCHFIELD MICHAEL R. , GIBSON ROBERT N. , FARLIE NEIL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to establish a practical, simple protocol that reliably produces high quality dynamic incremental computed tomography (CT) of the liver.We reviewed 90 patients randomly allocated into six different protocols. All had preliminary unehanced scans followed by a dynamic incremental CT of the liver. An initial delay of 30 seconds was used from the commencement of the injection of Iopamiro 370. The groups were:

Pump infusion

(a) 100 mls at 2 mls/sec scanning inferosuperiorly.(b) 100 mls at 2 mls/sec scanning superoinferiorly.(c) 100 mls at 1 ml/sec scanning inferosuperiorly.(d) 50 mls at 1 ml/sec scanning inferosuperiorly,

40 mls hand injected bolus followed immediately by 60 ml pump infusion at 1.3 mls/sec scanning inferosuperiorly.
50 mls hand injected bolus scanning inferosuperiorly.

The parameters recorded were the degree of hepatic parenchymal and hepatic venous enhancement and the aortic ‐ IVC difference at the last slice through the liver, all measured in Hounsfield units.The protocols using 100 mls of contrast produced approximately twice the parenchymal and hepatic venous enhancement compared with those using 50 mls. Approximately 60–90% of examinations using 100 rnls produced scans through the entire liver during the bolus or non‐equilibrium phase, deemed the most sensitive for the detection of focal lesions, compared with 13–33% of those using 50 mls. Equally satisfactory results were obtained using the relatively inexpensive Biotel power injector preceded by a 40 ml hand injected bolus, compared with using an Angiomat angiography infusion pump.We conclude that 100ml of contrast medium is necessary to achieve high quality liver CT scans and that this can be adequately delivered using a combination of a hand injection and an infusion from a relatively inexpensive pump.
The Perivertebral Collar ‐ A New Sign in Lymphoproliferative Malignancies
Authors: ALBERTYN L.E. , CROFT G. , KUSS B. , DALE B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTNine patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies, one of whom had not been previously diagnosed, were found on CT examination for back pain to have partial or complete soft tissue perivertebral collars. The thoracic and or lumbar regions were involved in all. Only 3 had gross bony changes at the time, and in others the changes appeared so innocuous that in combination with the vague clinical symptoms their significance was underestimated. Five patients ultimately had episodes of cord compression, and in all nine the appearance of this spinal lesion appeared to be d grave prognostic significance. All 9 were dead within 1 year of the presentation of their spinal lesionsThe observation of a perivertebral collar in the context of a known or suspected lymphoproliferative malignancy should therefore raise the strong suspicion of spinal involvement. The vertebrae should be examined on bone windows and the contents of the spinal canal on narrow windows to assess bony and epidural spread.