bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome for men with teratoma found at postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Authors: Svatek Robert S. , Spiess Philippe E. , Sundi Debasish , Tu Shi‐ming , Tannir Nizar M. , Brown Gordon A. , Kamat Ashish M. , Wood Christopher G. , Pisters Louis L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with pure teratoma within the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC‐RPLND) specimen traditionally have been considered at low risk for disease progression. The objectives of this study were to determine the disease‐related outcomes of patients who had pure teratoma identified at the time of PC‐RPLND and to examine the prognostic value of clinical variables that were identified previously as important predictors of disease recurrence in these patients.METHODS:Between 1980 and 2003, 97 patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and pure teratoma histology at the time of PC‐RPLND were identified. The medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively for pertinent clinical and treatment‐related outcomes.RESULTS:At a median follow‐up of 7.4 years, 21 patients (22%) developed recurrent disease after PC‐RPLND. The 5‐year and 10‐year probabilities (±standard error) of freedom from disease recurrence were 81% ± 4% and 76% ± 5%, respectively. The postchemotherapy α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level and mediastinal involvement at presentation were statistically significant predictors of disease recurrence on multivariate analysis. Nine of 97 patients (9.3%) died from testis cancer, and 4 patients died from other causes.CONCLUSIONS:In patients with pure teratoma histology at PC‐RPLND, mediastinal involvement at presentation and the presence of an elevated AFP level before PC‐RPLND predicted an unfavorable outcome. The absence of mediastinal involvement and normal AFP level, however, did not confirm freedom from disease recurrence. Patients who had teratoma at the time of PC‐RPLND remained at considerable risk for disease progression because of the unpredictable nature of teratoma and the presence of unrecognized, active germ cell disease outside the retroperitoneum. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) prevents platelet activation and aggregation in diabetic rats by blocking deleterious effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
Authors: Yamagishi Sho‐Ichi , Matsui Takanori , Takenaka Katsuhiko , Nakamura Kazuo , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Inoue Hiroyoshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundAlteration of platelet function contributes to microthrombus formation and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence that oxidative stress generation is involved in platelet activation and aggregation in vivo. Since we have recently found that pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) inhibits thrombus formation in rats through its anti‐oxidative properties, we investigated here whether PEDF prevented platelet activation and aggregation in diabetic or advanced glycation end products (AGEs)‐injected rats.Methods and ResultsExperimental diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin to Sprague‐Dawley rats. Diabetic or non‐diabetic Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected intravenously with or without 1 mg AGEs‐bovine serum albumin or non‐glycated bovine serum albumin in the presence or absence of 10 µg PEDF everyday. Administration of PEDF or pyridoxal phosphate, an inhibitor of AGEs formation, inhibited platelet P‐selectin expression and aggregation by suppressing NADPH oxidase‐driven superoxide generation, and subsequently ameliorated a shortened tail vein bleeding time in diabetic rats. Further, intravenous administration of AGEs to normal rats mimicked the effects of diabetes on platelet activation and bleeding time, which were also blocked by simultaneous administration of PEDF.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated for the first time that PEDF inhibited platelet activation and aggregation in diabetic rats through its anti‐oxidative properties. Our present study suggests that PEDF may play a protective role against diabetic vascular complications by attenuating the deleterious effects of AGEs on platelets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new mouse model for temporal‐ and tissue‐specific control of extracellular superoxide dismutase
Authors: Zou Yani , Chen Chih‐Hsin , Fike John R. , Huang Ting‐Ting 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe extracellular isoform of superoxide dismutase (EC‐SOD, Sod3) plays a protective role against various diseases and injuries mediated by oxidative stress. To investigate the pathophysiological roles of EC‐SOD, we generated tetracycline‐inducible Sod3 transgenic mice and directed the tissue‐specific expression of transgenes by crossing Sod3 transgenic mice with tissue‐specific transactivator transgenics. Double transgenic mice with liver‐specific expression of Sod3 showed increased EC‐SOD levels predominantly in the plasma as the circulating form, whereas double transgenic mice with neuronal‐specific expression expressed higher levels of EC‐SOD in hippocampus and cortex with intact EC‐SOD as the dominant form. EC‐SOD protein levels also correlated well with increased SOD activities in double transgenic mice. In addition to enabling tissue‐specific expression, the transgene expression can be quickly turned on and off by doxycycline supplementation in the mouse chow. This mouse model, thus, provides the flexibility for on–off control of transgene expression in multiple target tissues. genesis 47:142–154, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclization Reactions of 1‐Amino‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐thienyl‐1‐azapenta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones under Superelectrophilic Conditions: Synthesis of Novel Benzothiophenols, Cyclopentenols and Dihydrodiazepinols
Authors: Ghavtadze Nugzar , Fröhlich Roland , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTrifluoromethyl‐substituted 1‐amino‐5‐thienyl‐1‐aza‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones 5, which are accessible in good yields from keto esters 1 in a three‐step procedure, undergo three different types of cyclization reactions upon treatment with a large excess of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, depending on the substitution pattern. Thus, starting materials 5a–f without a halogen substituent at the 3‐position of the thienyl subunit undergo 1,6‐cyclization reactions (hydroxyannulation) to give benzothiophenol derivatives 6. In contrast, 5‐(3‐bromothienyl)‐substituted compounds 5g–j undergo Nazarov 1,5‐cyclization reactions to produce cyclopentenols 7a–d. Finally, 1‐dimethylamino‐substituted 1‐azadienones 5k,l undergo 1,7‐cyclization reactions to form novel dihydrodiazepinones 8a,b after tautomerization. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations we interpret these different types of multistep reactions to be cyclization reactions that proceed under superelectrophilic conditions through both mono‐ and dicationic intermediates. Electrophilic and pericyclic cyclization modes are discussed on the basis of the results of NICS calculations. Several of the compounds 6, 7 and 9 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrochemical Investigation of Metal Sulfides at Mercury Electrodes Using Thiourea as a Source of Sulfide Ion
Authors: Bănică Florinel‐Gabriel , Galík Michal , Švancara Ivan , Vytřas Karel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA mercury sulfide layer was prepared at the surface of a mercury electrode by an anodic reaction (+0.1 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl(3 M)) in the presence of thiourea at the micromolar concentration level. Electrochemical reactions of mercury sulfide were investigated by a subsequent cathodic scan at near‐neutral pH values and in the absence/presence of a second metal ion. Two different forms of mercury sulfide were evidenced by characteristic cathodic peaks; the first one (in the form of adsorbed molecules) undergoing a reversible reduction at about −0.6 V, whereas the second one (probably as nanoaggregates) being reduced in an irreversible process at −0.9 V. A detailed analysis of the first process was performed by adapting the already existing theoretical approaches. It was proven that the HgS layer prepared by mercury anodization in the presence of thiourea is similar to that prepared by anodization in the presence of sulfide ion. Other metal sulfides were prepared via the exchange reaction of mercury in HgS with a metal ion in solution; namely, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+; reactions of the latter proceeding in a fair agreement with the theoretical model used (the rapid exchange leading to the single CdS form with no soluble cadmium sulfide species). Evident deviations from this model have occurred with both Ni2+ and Zn2+ due to a sluggish exchange reaction, formation of soluble species, and occurrence of various metal sulfide forms. Two different forms of nickel sulfide were detected by characteristic cathodic reactions, namely i) adsorbed free molecules that are reduced at −1.0 V and are able to take part in a catalytic (EC′) reduction of Ni2+; and ii) an aggregated form that is irreversibly reduced at negative potentials beyond −1.2 V and acts as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution. The method presented herein allows one electrochemical preparation and investigation of metal sulfides with no difficulty due to hydrogen sulfide volatility at pH<12 and emphasizes that this method can be applied to other systems consisting of a chalcogenide anion and a metal (like mercury or silver) being able of undergoing a reversible electrochemical reaction. In addition, this contribution provides an insight to the intricacy of the electrochemical behavior of the mercury electrode/sulfide anion/second metal ion system and mentions a series of sources of errors related to the interpretation of such data obtained with natural water specimens.
Fifty Years of Nucleic Acid Electrochemistry
Authors: Paleček Emil 
Published: January 2009

AbstractElectrochemistry of nucleic acids (NA's) is a booming field offering sensors for DNA hybridization and DNA damage. Since the middle of the 1990's, when the development of the DNA sensors began, the number of papers in this field is steadily increasing. Electroactivity of DNA and RNA was reported for the first time in 1958. Using oscillographic polarography at controlled AC (OP, AC chronopotentiometry) and a dropping mercury electrode it was shown within several years that OP signals respond to changes in DNA structure and can be used to study DNA denaturation, renaturation, premelting and DNA damage. During the first three decades a number of important findings were done, including introductions of covalently bound electroactive labels in DNA, DNA‐modified electrodes, application of solid electrodes, etc., which are now used in the development of the NA sensors. On the other hand a lot of knowledge obtained in the first three decades has remained largely unknown to the present generation of researchers.
Multicommutated Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Tubular Bismuth Film Electrode for Lead Determination in Gunshot Residues
Authors: Rodriguez Jose A. , Ibarra Israel S. , Galan‐Vidal Carlos A. , Vega Marisol , Barrado Enrique 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis work describes the construction of a miniaturized flow‐through electrochemical cell and its application to the determination of lead in gunshot residues (GSR) by differential‐pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at bismuth films co‐deposited on‐line on a tubular carbon paste electrode. The developed detector was coupled to a multicommutated flow system which was designed to allow medium exchange prior to the stripping step thus reducing interferences from the analytical matrix, and to implement the standard additions method in an automatic way, using only one standard solution. For a deposition time of 60 s at −1.5 V at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1 without oxygen removal, the detection limit of the method was 0.2 mg L−1. Under these conditions the linear dynamic range was 0.3–10.0 mg L−1 with a sampling rate of 15.0 samples h−1. Repeatability of lead concentration was 3% (n=3). The method was applied to the analysis of lead in GSR on hands of shooters and concentrations up to 16.5 μg and 6.7 μg were found in palms and backs, respectively. No statistically significant differences between the results obtained by the proposed and the comparative method (F‐AAS) were found, at a 95% confidence level.
Metallacarboranes as Labels for Multipotential Electrochemical Coding of DNA. [3‐Chromium bis(dicarbollide)](‐1)ate and Its Nucleoside Conjugates
Authors: Olejniczak Agnieszka B. , Grűner Bohumir , Šicha Václav , Broniarek Sabina , Lesnikowski Zbigniew J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMetallacarborane bearing chromium is proposed as the electrochemical label for electrochemical coding of DNA. Synthesis and HDV characteristics of 2′‐deoxyadenosine (dA) containing [(3,3′‐chromium‐1,2,1′,2′‐dicarbollide)](−1)]ate complex are described. The proposed labeling of nucleosides, together with previously described nucleoside/metallacarborane conjugates bearing cobalt and iron lay the foundations for multipotential electrochemical coding of DNA with metallacarborane complexes and simultaneous detection of several DNA targets.
Novel Protocol for Covalent Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase on Gold Electrode Surface
Authors: Radi Abd‐Elgawad , Muñoz‐Berbel Xavier , Cortina‐Puig Montserrat , Marty Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel protocol for immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto diazonium functionalized screen‐printed gold electrode (SPGE) has been successfully developed. This protocol involved 1) electrochemical reduction of p‐nitrophenyl diazonium salts synthesized in situ in acidic aqueous solution to graft a layer of p‐nitrophenyl on SPGE, 2) electrochemical reduction of the nitro groups to convert to amines, 3) chemical reaction with nitrous acid to transform the amine to diazonium derivative and 4) chemical coupling of the enzyme with the diazonium group to form a covalent diazo bond. The fabricated biosensor showed the direct electrochemistry of HRP and displayed electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) without any mediator. The biosensor exhibited fast amperometric response to H2O2. The catalytic current increased with increasing H2O2 concentration from 5 μM to 30 μM and the detection limit of the biosensor was 2 μM. The biosensor exhibited acceptable sensitivity, good reproducibility and long‐term stability.
Changes in hippocampal morphology and neuroplasticity induced by adolescent THC treatment are associated with cognitive impairment in adulthood
Authors: Rubino Tiziana , Realini Natalia , Braida Daniela , Guidi Sandra , Capurro Valeria , Viganò Daniela , Guidali Cinzia , Pinter Marta , Sala Mariaelvina , Bartesaghi Renata , Parolaro Daniela 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMarijuana and hashish are the illicit drugs most frequently used by human adolescents. Given the continued neurodevelopment throughout adolescence, adolescents may be more vulnerable than adults to certain neural consequences of heavy marijuana use. This study aimed to assess whether an experimental model of adolescent chronic exposure to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), may induce lasting effects on learning and memory. Adolescent rats have been treated with THC or its vehicle from 35 to 45 postnatal days (PND) and left undisturbed until their adulthood (75 PND) when aversive and spatial memory was assessed using the passive avoidance and radial maze tasks. No alteration was found in aversive memory, but in the radial maze THC pretreated animals exhibited a worse performance than vehicles, suggesting a deficit in spatial working memory. To correlate memory impairment to altered neuroplasticity, level of marker proteins was investigated in the hippocampus, the most relevant area mediating spatial memory. A significant decrease in the astroglial marker glial fibrillar acid protein was found as well as in pre‐ and postsynaptic protein expression (VAMP2, PSD95) and NMDA receptor levels in pretreated rats. To parallel these changes to alteration in dendritic morphology, Golgi‐Cox staining was performed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Pretreated rats had a significantly lower total dendritic length and number than vehicles, as well as reduced spine density. Our data suggest that THC pretreated rats may establish less synaptic contacts and/or less efficient synaptic connections throughout the hippocampus and this could represent the molecular underpinning of the cognitive deficit induced by adolescent THC treatment. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A molecular blueprint of gene expression in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG is conserved in the brain of the common marmoset
Authors: Datson N.A. , Morsink M.C. , Steenbergen P.J. , Aubert Y. , Schlumbohm C. , Fuchs E. , de Kloet E.R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRecent studies in rodents have shown that there are significant differences in gene expression profiles between the hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG. These differences in molecular make‐up within the hippocampus most likely underlie the differences in morphology, physiology, and vulnerability to insults that exist between the subregions of the hippocampus and are as such part of the basic molecular architecture of the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate at large scale whether these subregional differences in gene expression are conserved in the hippocampus of a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset. This study is very timely, given the recent development of the first marmoset‐specific DNA microarray, exclusively containing sequences targeting transcripts derived from the marmoset hippocampus. Hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG were isolated by laser microdissection and RNA was isolated, amplifed, and hybridized to the marmoset‐specific microarray (EUMAMA) containing more than 1,500 transcripts expressed in the adult marmoset hippocampus. Large differences in expression were observed in particular between the DG region and both pyramidal subregions. Moreover, the subregion‐specific patterns of gene expression showed a remarkable conservation with the rodent brain both in terms of individual genes and degree of differential expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating large scale hippocampal gene expression in a nonhuman primate. The obtained expression profiles not only provide novel data on the expression of more than 1,500 transcripts per hippocampal subregion but also are of potential interest to neuroscientists interested in the role of the different subregions in learning and memory in the nonhuman primate brain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Costing of clinical services in rural district hospitals in northern Vietnam
Authors: Minh Hoang Van , Giang Kim Bao , Huong Dao Lan , Huong Le Thi , Huong Nguyen Thuy , Giang Pham Ngan , Hoat Luu Ngoc , Wright Pamela 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to estimate and analyse the “actual” unit cost of providing key clinical services in selected rural district hospitals in the North of Vietnam. It also examined the relationship between actual costs and the levels of cost covered by the corresponding user fees paid by patients.Methods: This was a facility‐based costing study which estimates the costs of health care services from the perspective of the service providers. Three rural district hospitals from three provinces in the North of Vietnam were purposively selected for this study. The “step‐down” approach was applied.Results: There was little difference in the costs of an outpatient visit across the hospitals, but the costs of an operation and an inpatient day varied considerably. In terms of cost structure, personnel costs accounted for the highest share of total cost of the clinical services. The shares of operating cost were considerable while depreciation of buildings/equipments made up a small “proportion”. The study results revealed that the user fee levels were much lower than the actual costs of providing the corresponding services. The present study highlights the importance of costing data for hospital planning and management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A population‐based cohort study on the use of hormone treatment and endometrial cancer in southern Sweden
Authors: Epstein Elisabeth , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Olsson Håkan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOur aim was to determine the risk of endometrial cancer associated with long‐term use of combined hormone therapy (HT) and low‐potency estrogens. In this prospective population‐based cohort, 40,000 women aged 25–64 years, without prior cancer or hysterectomy, were included. The women answered 2 questionnaires at a 10‐year interval regarding HT use and personal details. Women were followed up for an average of 15.5 years through the National Cancer and Causes of Death Registry, representing 236,611 women years. Among the 17,822 postmenopausal women included, 166 cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed. Only use of combined HT was related to a decreased risk of endometrial cancer (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8), the protective effect was found after 2 years, and increased with extended duration of use. “Only use” of low‐potency estrogens increased the risk of endometrial cancer almost to the same extent as use of high‐potency estrogens (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6vs. OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.8), the increased risk was confined to non‐obese women in both groups. The risk was significantly increased for oral but not for local low‐potency estrogen users (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.6vs. OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.4–6.2, respectively). In long‐term estrogen users the risk was highest during the first 2 years, dropping slightly thereafter. Since low‐potency estrogen use increases the risk of endometrial cancer almost as much as high‐potency estrogen use, they should only be given if medically indicated. © 2009 UICC
Family history of colorectal cancer: A determinant of advanced adenoma stage or adenoma multiplicity?
Authors: Wark Petra A. , Wu Kana , van 't Veer Pieter , Fuchs Charles F. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA family history of colorectal cancer may increase colorectal cancer risk by influencing adenoma growth or enhancing the formation of new lesions. Data of men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study who underwent an endoscopy between 1986 and 2004 were used to evaluate whether a family history of colorectal cancer is associated with adenoma multiplicity or advanced adenoma stage (≥1 cm, histology with villous component or carcinoma in situ). 21.4% of the 3,881 adenoma patients and 13.9% of the 24,959 adenoma‐free men had a first‐degree relative with colorectal cancer. Thousand four hundred and ninety‐six men were classified as having advanced and 1,507 as having nonadvanced adenomas. Six hundred and twenty‐two men had multiple and 1,985 had single adenomas in the distal colon and rectum. A family history of colorectal cancer was similarly associated with advanced and nonadvanced adenomas [multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval): advanced vs. nonadvanced, 0.98 (0.82–1.17), advanced vs. adenoma‐free: 1.67 (1.47–1.91), nonadvanced vs. adenoma‐free: 1.70 (1.49–1.94)], although potential differences according to adenoma location were seen. A family history of colorectal cancer was more strongly associated with multiple distally located adenomas [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): multiple vs. single, 1.35 (1.09–1.68), multiple vs. no distally located adenomas: 2.02 (1.67–2.44), single vs. no distally located adenomas: 1.49 (1.32–1.68)]. The number of adenomas was also positively associated with a family history of colorectal cancer. Our findings suggest that at the population level, heritable factors may be more important in earlier stages of adenoma formation than at stages of adenoma advancement for at least distally located adenomas. © 2009 UICC