bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid viral response and treatment outcome in genotype 2 and 3 chronic hepatitis C: comparison between two HCV RNA quantitation methods
Authors: Carlsson Tony , Quist Anne , Weiland Ola 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFifty consecutive patients with genotype 2 or 3 chronic hepatitis C were treated with peg‐IFN alfa‐2a 135 µg weekly and ribavirin (11 mg/kg body weight) daily during 24 weeks. Rapid viral response treatment week 4, end‐of‐treatment response, and sustained viral response were analyzed by two different HCV RNA quantitation methods, the Cobas Amplicor Monitor test and the TaqMan test with a sensitivity of 600 and 15 IU/ml, respectively. The TaqMan test differentiated patients with rapid viral response finally achieving sustained viral response better. Hence, patients with and without rapid viral response as tested by the TaqMan test finally achieved sustained viral response in 97% (32/33) versus in 75% (12/16), P < 0.017. The corresponding figures for the Cobas Amplicor test was 91% (41/45) versus (80%) 4/5 a non‐significant difference. In conclusion, the more sensitive TaqMan test yielded a lower number of patients with rapid viral response than the less sensitive Amplicor Monitor test, but predicted sustained viral response in a higher percentage of patients with rapid viral response than the Amplicor Monitor test. A rapid viral response meaning HCV RNA levels <15 IU/ml predicted a sustained viral response in 97% of patients with genotype 2 or 3. J. Med. Virol. 80:803–807, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute hepatitis A virus infection in Turkey
Authors: Normann Andrea , Badur Selim , Önel Derya , Kilic Ayse , Sidal Müjgan , Larouzé Bernard , Massari Veronique , Müller Julia , Flehmig Bertram 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAnti‐HAV IgM positive serum samples from acute phase hepatitis A patients from various areas in Turkey were tested for viral RNA by RT‐PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), using primer pairs from two different regions of the HAV genome. The PCR products amplified from both genomic regions underwent phylogenetic analyses. A comparison of the regions showed the same genotyping results, and the RT‐PCR‐2 in the 5′NCR demonstrated greater sensitivity compared to RT‐PCR‐1 in the VP1‐P2A region. The majority of the isolates belonged to genotype IB and are related closely to each other; however, two isolates related even more strongly to the HAV HM175 strain. Two (n = 37) RT‐PCR positive sera were classified under genotype IA. A surprising finding emerged for the mean levels of serum transaminases AST and ALT: higher levels were found in patients under 10 years of age compared to older patients. Anti‐HAV IgM levels were determined quantitatively and, in addition, the HAV‐RNA genome equivalents were ascertained by real time RT‐PCR. No evidence was found for an association between viral load and the higher transaminase levels in the younger group. J. Med. Virol. 80:785–790, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis in the Kosovarian population: implications for health policy
Authors: Quaglio Gianluca , Ramadani Naser , Pattaro Cristian , Cami Arben , Dentico Pietro , Volpe Anna , Pellizzer Giampiero , Berisha Ali , Smacchia Camillo , Figliomeni Mario , Schinaia Nicola , Rezza Giovanni , Putoto Giovanni 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis infection among the Kosovarian population is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis A, B, C, and D (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV) infection among the general population and in a group of health care workers in the Kosovo region. Overall, 1,287 participants were recruited, 460 males (36%) and 827 females (64%). Health care workers accounted for 253 individuals (20%), 301 were blood donor candidates (23%), 334 were pregnant women (26%), and 399 (31%) were subjects who had been examined in two clinics for routine laboratory testing. The prevalence of total anti‐HAV was 88.6% (95% CI: 86.69–90.25). Prevalence of anti‐HAV among children up to 10 years was 40.5% (95% CI: 29.6–53.15), reaching 70% (95% CI: 62.25–77.10) in the 11–20 age group. Age, living in rural areas and unemployment were factors associated with higher risk of HAV infection. HBsAg was detected in 2.4% (95% CI: 1.57–3.38%) of the study sample, with a significant age trend (P‐value:0.0110). Positivity for total anti‐HBc was detected in 18.4% (95% CI = 16.27–20.59) of the subjects. Ninety‐three subjects (7.2%) were positive for anti‐HBs alone. An association between age, HSV‐2 positivity, working nurses and HBV infection has been observed. One patient was HDV positive. The prevalence for HCV was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.22–1.12%). HAV infection seems to be high‐intermediate, while HBV shows an intermediate endemicity. It is necessary to highlight the importance of an immunization strategy against HAV and HBV in reducing the incidence of the infection. The prevalence for HCV was very low. J. Med. Virol. 80:833–840, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitive and rapid detection of norovirus using duplex TaqMan reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ishida Setsuko , Yoshizumi Shima , Ikeda Tetsuya , Miyoshi Masahiro , Okano Motohiko , Okui Toyo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractConventional reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to detect norovirus (NV) is a complex of multi‐step procedure that requires gel electrophoresis as well as hybridization or sequencing to confirm the final diagnosis. A duplex TaqMan RT‐PCR was developed to detect and classify genogroup (G) I and GII of NV. The primers and TaqMan probes for this assay were selected from the region of open reading frame (ORF) 1‐ORF2 junction. A total of 796 stool specimens from 103 outbreaks of gastroenteritis, and a series of 46 stool specimens containing most NV genotypes was used for this study. For these specimens from 103 outbreaks, NV was detected and classified by the duplex TaqMan RT‐PCR in 536 of the 541 specimens tested previously to be positive using the conventional RT‐PCR. Two hundred fifty‐one of the 255 specimens that were negative by the conventional RT‐PCR were also negative by the TaqMan RT‐PCR. No false positive result was observed for other enteric RNA viruses such as rotavirus and sapovirus. This is the first report on the development of a duplex TaqMan RT‐PCR end‐point assay for detection and differentiation of GI and GII of NV strains simultaneously followed by genotyping. These results suggest the practical application of this duplex TaqMan RT‐PCR is useful for the detection of NV in clinical specimens. J. Med. Virol. 80:913–920, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a virus derived from MDCK cells infected persistently with influenza A virus as a potential live‐attenuated vaccine candidate in the mouse model
Authors: Liu Beixing , Hossain Md. Jaber , Mori Isamu , Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA temperature‐sensitive mutant virus unable to replicate at 38°C was recovered from passage 189 (IVpi‐189) of Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells infected persistently with influenza A. Immunofluorescent staining of the IVpi‐189 virus‐infected cells revealed disrupted transport of the matrix (M) 1 protein into the nucleus at non‐permissive temperatures, resulting in retention of the nucleoprotein (NP) in the nucleus. Upon comparison with the parental influenza A E61‐24‐P15 strain used to establish persistent infection, amino acid exchanges were found in the M1 protein of IVpi‐189 virus; arginine to glutamine at position 72 and threonine to alanine at position 139. When mice were inoculated intranasally with IVpi‐189 virus, virus growth in the lungs was restrained and terminated rapidly. Prior intranasal inoculation with only a small dose of IVpi‐189 virus induced humoral and cellular immune responses and protected mice against subsequent virulent virus challenge. These results indicate that IVpi‐189 virus, an avirulent temperature‐sensitive mutant, is a promising candidate for use as a live‐attenuated vaccine. J. Med. Virol. 80:888–894, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binding of liver derived, low density hepatitis C virus to human hepatoma cells
Authors: Martin Caroline , Nielsen Soren U. , Ibrahim Siti , Bassendine Margaret F. , Toms Geoffrey L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHCV recovered from low density fractions of infected blood is associated with lipid and host apo‐lipoproteins in lipo‐viro‐particles (LVP). It has been proposed that these particles are capable of binding and entering hepatocytes by viral glycoprotein independent mechanisms utilizing uptake pathways of normal host lipoproteins after binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAG), the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL‐r) or scavenger receptor B1 (SR‐B1). In this study binding to human hepatoma cells of HCV low density RNA containing particles, semi‐purified from macerates of infected human liver, is compared with that of normal host low density lipoprotein (LDL). Binding of both LDL and HCV low density RNA containing particles paralleled LDL‐r but not SR‐B1 expression on the recipient cells. Binding of both particle types was sensitive to suramin at 0°C but less so at 37°C suggesting that they both bind initially to GAG but, at 37°C, are internalized or transferred to a suramin resistant receptor. Suramin resistant uptake of both particles was blocked in the presence of excess LDL or oxidized LDL. However, whilst LDL uptake was blocked by anti‐apoB‐100, HCV low density RNA uptake was enhanced by anti‐apoB100 and further enhanced by a cocktail of anti‐apo‐B100 and anti‐apoE. Pre‐incubation of HCV low density RNA containing particles with antibodies to the E2 glycoprotein had little or no effect on uptake. These data indicate that whilst liver derived HCV RNA containing particles are taken up by HepG2 cells by a virus glycoprotein independent mechanism, the mechanism differs from that of LDL uptake. J. Med. Virol. 80:816–823, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2
Authors: Kaneko Hisatoshi , Kawana Takashi , Ishioka Ken , Ohno Shigeaki , Aoki Koki , Suzutani Tatsuo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) is isolated principally from the upper half of the body innervated by the trigeminal ganglia whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) is generally isolated from the lower half of the body innervated by the sacral ganglia. However, recent reports suggest that HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 can each infect both the upper and lower half of the body causing a variety of symptoms and there is a possibility that HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 infections can occur simultaneously with both causing symptoms. HSV type in clinical isolates from 87 patients with genital herpes and 57 with ocular herpes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and six cases of mixed infection with both HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 were identified. Of the six cases, three were patients with genital herpes and three were ocular herpes patients. Analysis of the copy number of the HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 genome by a quantitative real time PCR demonstrated that HSV‐1 was dominant at a ratio of approximately 100:1 in the ocular infections. In contrast, the HSV‐2 genome was present at a 4–40 times higher frequency in isolates from genital herpes patients. There was no obvious difference between the clinical course of mixed infection and those of single HSV‐1 or HSV‐2 infections. This study indicated that the frequency of mixed infection with both HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 is comparatively higher than those of previous reports. The genome ratio of HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 reflects the preference of each HSV type for the target organ. J. Med. Virol. 80:883–887, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergence of adamantane‐resistant influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Hong Kong between 1997 and 2006
Authors: Tang Julian W. , Ngai Karry L.K. , Wong Jasper C.L. , Lam Wai Y. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractResistance to adamantanes for treating influenza A(H3N2) has increased dramatically, worldwide, over the past 5 years. A comprehensive 10‐year data set on the rise of adamantane‐resistance in Hong Kong is reported. Nucleotide sequences encoding the M2‐ion channel of influenza A(H3N2) were obtained from 281 H3N2 isolates collected from adamantane‐naive children admitted to a teaching hospital in Hong Kong, between 1997 and 2006. These sequences were screened for the presence of recognized adamantane resistance‐associated amino acid mutations (L26F, V27A, A30T, S31N, G34E). The amantadane (rimantadine is not used in Hong Kong) usage for this hospital during this period was also collated. Fifty‐eight isolates harbored at least one of these resistance signatures, the majority (57/58) being S31N, which increased rapidly over 2003–2005 from 20% to 83.3%. Other amino acid mutations, not previously associated with adamantane resistance, were also found. In particular, I51V was found to rise in frequency, along with S31N, though the significance of this mutation remains uncertain at present. A rise in amantadane usage occurred in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2002, which slightly preceded the subsequent rise in adamantane‐resistant influenza A(H3N2) isolates. This study shows a temporal correlation between increases in amantadane prescriptions and the prevalence of adamantane‐resistant influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Hong Kong. The underlying reasons for these findings are unclear and similar studies are required elsewhere to elucidate these and prevent this spread of drug‐resistance happening again in future. J. Med. Virol. 80:895–901, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of prevention of perinatal HIV infection by nevirapine in rural areas of the northeast Democratic Republic of Congo, 2002–2004
Authors: Kirere Mathe M. , Sondag‐Thull D. , Lepage P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe HIV NET 012 protocol for prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV, a single‐dose of nevirapine given to the mother during labor and one given to the newborn, has been adopted by several developing countries. The implementation of this protocol may be difficult in African rural regions and must be evaluated. The study was carried out at the Oicha General Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo. HIV‐infected women with a gestational age ≥36 weeks were offered participation in the study during a prenatal visit. Among the 5,016 women tested during prenatal attendance from December 2002 to December 2004, 94 (1.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–2.3%) were HIV‐infected. Among these women, 59 (62.8%; 95% CI: 53.0–72.6%) received nevirapine and 35 (37.2%; 95% CI: 27.4–47.0%) did not receive nevirapine prophylaxis. Twenty‐six (27.7%) of these women arrived fully dilated and 9 (9.5%) were not given the drug by the midwives. Among the 59 HIV‐infected pregnant women who received nevirapine before delivery, 33 (55.9%, 95% CI: 43.2–68.6%) received the drug at the start of uterine contractions and 24 (40.7%; 95% CI: 28.2–53.2%) did not receive nevirapine within the recommended time before delivery. Two women (3.4%) received nevirapine, but this was not written in the logbook. Overall, among the 101 newborns, all children received a single‐dose nevirapine: 48 (47.5%; 95% CI: 37.8–57.2%) of the 101 newborns received nevirapine in the 24–72 hr following birth and 52 (51.5%; 95% CI: 41.8–61.2%) just after birth when their mother did not receive nevirapine. Even for a protocol as simple as HIV prophylaxis with a single‐dose nevirapine, the application in African rural areas encounters field difficulties. Further simplified procedures and health care re‐organization are still needed to guarantee a full Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission coverage for every HIV pregnant woman in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 80:772–776, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
National survey of the prevalence and conditions of selection of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase K70E mutation
Authors: Delaugerre C. , Flandre P. , Marcelin A.G. , Descamps D. , Tamalet C. , Cottalorda J. , Schneider V. , Yerly S. , LeGoff J. , Morand‐Joubert L. , Chaix M.L. , Costagliola D. , Calvez V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has become an important component of HIV combination therapy because of its potency and once‐daily dosing. Key mutation associated with resistance to TDF is a K65R in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. According to occurrence of K70E mutation after failure to TDF regimen, this mutation was recently reported as a mutation associated with TDF resistance in most resistance genotypic algorithms. The aim of this study was to analyze, retrospectively, the prevalence and conditions of selection of HIV‐1 RT K70E mutation from a national clinical survey. Absence of selection of K70E in 850 HIV‐1‐infected naive patients suggests its role in NRTI drug resistance. Prevalence of K70E RT was low (99/41601, 0.24%) in patients treated between 1999 and 2005. Conversely with K65R mutation, thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) can be concomitantly observed with K70E mutation but its frequency decreased as the number of TAM increases. Concomitant association of K65R and K70E was possible but infrequent (11%). At the time of K70E selection, 60% of patients had received or received TDF‐containing regimen and one‐third received exclusive NRTI regimen. In conclusion, the K70E mutation could be an alternative pathway of TDF resistance, but as the K65R mutation, other NRTI as ABC, ddI, and 3TC could be also associated with the K70E selection. J. Med. Virol. 80:762–765, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of locally recurrent epstein–barr virus‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma using the anti‐viral agent cidofovir
Authors: Yoshizaki Tomokazu , Wakisaka Naohiro , Kondo Satoru , Murono Shigeyuki , Shimizu Yoshinori , Nakashima Masashi , Tsuji Akira , Furukawa Mitsuru 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) associated malignant tumor. Recently, cidofovir, an anti‐viral drug which is an acyclic nucleoside analogue, has been reported to have an anti‐tumor potential. Two patients with NPC, who had previously received multi‐round therapy, were treated with cidofovir. Cidofovir was topically injected in and around the tumor once every 3 weeks (originally 75 mg/ml sulution, diluted to 15 mg/ml just before injection, 37.5 mg of cidofovir at a time). Tumor growth was suppressed for several months around the injection site in each patient. EBV‐encoded RNAs in situ hybridization revealed the reduction of the tumor cell population; however, the EBER expression was still maintained in the NPC tumor cells. Although the anti‐tumor mechanism remains unclear, these results suggest that cidofovir is actually an effective and safe agent for the treatment of NPC. J. Med. Virol. 80:879–882, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus infection and cervical abnormalities in Nairobi, Kenya, an area with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Yamada Rika , Sasagawa Toshiyuki , Kirumbi Leah W. , Kingoro Alan , Karanja Dominic K. , Kiptoo Michael , Nakitare George W. , Ichimura Hiroshi , Inoue Masaki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical abnormalities, and their association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were studied in 488 women who visited a health center in Nairobi. PCR‐based HPV and cervical cytology tests were carried out on all participants, and peripheral CD4+ T cells and plasma HIV RNA were quantitated in HIV positive women. HIV were positive in 32% (155/488) of the women; 77% of these were untreated, and the others had been treated with anti‐retroviral drugs within 6 months. Cervical HPV infection was detected in 17% of HIV negative and 49% of HIV positive women. Low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in 6.9% of HIV negative and 21% of HIV positive women, while high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancer were seen in 0.6% and 5.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that HIV and HPV infections were associated with each other. Cervical lesions were significantly associated with high‐risk HPVs and with HIV infection, depending on HPV infection. HPV infection increased in accordance with lower CD4+ T cell counts and higher HIV RNA levels, and high‐grade lesions were strongly associated with high‐risk HPV infection and low CD4+ T cell counts. Immunosuppression as a result of HIV infection appears to be important for malignant progression in the cervix. Nationwide prevention of HIV infection and cervical cancer screening are necessary for the health of women in this area. High‐risk HPV infection and low CD4+ T cell counts are the risk factors for cervical cancer. J. Med. Virol. 80:847–855, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A part of the VP4 capsid protein exhibited by coxsackievirus B4 E2 is the target of antibodies contained in plasma from patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sauter Pierre , Chehadeh Wassim , Lobert Pierre‐Emmanuel , Lazrek Mouna , Goffard Anne , Soumillon Magalie , Caloone Delphine , Vantyghem Marie‐Christine , Weill Jacques , Fajardy Isabelle , Alm Gunnar , Lucas Bernadette , Hober Didier 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe capsid protein VP4 was identified previously as the target of antibodies contained in plasma enhancing the coxscakievirus B4 (CV‐B4) E2‐induced production of IFN‐α by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The sequence of VP4 recognized by these antibodies was investigated. This sequence was identified as amino acids 11 to 30 by using synthetic overlapping peptides spanning VP4CV‐B4 E2 in competition experiments for antibodies enhancing the CVB4 E2 induced production of IFN‐α by PBMCs. This amino acid sequence was the major target of anti‐VP4 antibodies according to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). There was a positive correlation between the levels of anti‐VP4 and anti‐VP411–30 peptide antibodies detected by ELISA. The levels and the prevalences of these antibodies were significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in healthy controls. The proportions and the levels of those antibodies in patients were independent of HLA‐DR alleles, age, or presence of ketosis in blood and were not associated with newly or previously diagnosed disease. The VP4CV‐B4 E2 amino acid sequence was submitted to the Swiss‐model in project mode to visualize the possible shape of the sequence of VP4 corresponding to amino acids 11–30 which appeared to be constituted principally by an non‐structured loop. In conclusion, the sequence of VP4 corresponding to amino acids 11–30, or a part of it plays a role in the plasma‐dependent enhancement of CV‐B4 E2‐induced production of IFN‐α by PBMCs, suggesting that at 37°C the virus exhibits that region of VP4 to antibodies. J. Med. Virol. 80:866–878, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.