bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingivitis and Periodontitis as Antagonistic Modulators of Gingival Perfusion
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Manuel , Patiño‐Marín Nuria , Loyola‐Rodríguez Juan Pablo , Brito‐Orta Ma. Dolores 
Published: October 2006

Background: We explore the possible association between the extent of gingivitis or periodontitis and an index of gingival microvascular perfusion response to compression of alveolar mucosa, called the gingival perfusion index (GIPI).Methods: A cross‐sectional analytical study was done in a sample of 60 adults, including healthy and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetic subjects of either gender, with teeth in the anteromandibular sextant with or without gingivitis and with or without periodontitis at the lower‐left lateral incisor (LLLI). A sample was selected by convenience non‐probability sampling. Gingival perfusion was evaluated at labial LLLI attached gingiva. Two perfusion recordings were done 5 minutes apart, each one consisting of a 40‐second control phase, a 22‐second compression phase, and a 40‐second postcompression phase. LLLI alveolar mucosa was compressed with a wood‐mounted cotton swab until reaching about one‐fifth of the control perfusion value. GIPI was used as response dependent variable. The gingival index and probing depth were used as measures of the extent of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively.Results: By analysis of covariance and multiple regression analysis, it was found that only the probing depth (negatively) and gingival index (positively) predicted GIPI (R2 adjusted = 0.5194, P <0.0001).Conclusions: The data strongly suggest that, at least in the studied sample, gingivitis and periodontitis operate as antagonistic modulators of gingival perfusion. The major practical implication of our findings is that an increase or decrease in this index (GIPI) at a given attached gingiva site could indicate, respectively, the clinical predominance of gingivitis or periodontitis in such a site.
Histologic Evaluation of Early Human Bone Response to Different Implant Surfaces
Authors: Grassi Sauro , Piattelli Adriano , de Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Feres Magda , de Melo Leandro , Iezzi Giovanna , Alba Rodolfo Candia , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: October 2006

Background: Studies have demonstrated that roughened dental implant surfaces show firmer bone fixation and an increased percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%) compared to commercially pure titanium‐surface (machined) implants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant‐surface topography on human bone tissue after 2 months of unloaded healing.Methods: Fourteen subjects with a mean age of 46.87 ± 9.45 years received two microimplants each (2.5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length), one test (sandblasted acid‐etched surface) and one control (machined surface), either in the mandible or in the maxilla. After a healing period of 2 months, the microimplants and surrounding tissues were removed with a trephine bur and prepared for histologic analysis.Results: All microimplants, except for one of the controls, were clinically stable after the healing period. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC% was 23.08% ± 11.95% and 42.83% ± 9.80% for machined and rough microimplant surfaces, respectively (P = 0.0005). The bone area within the threads was also higher for sandblasted‐surface implants (P = 0.0005). The mean percentage of bone density did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.578).Conclusion: Data from the present histological study suggest that the sandblasted acid‐etched implant provides a better human bone tissue response than machined implants under unloaded conditions after a healing period of 2 months.
The Association Between Cumulative Periodontal Disease and Stroke History in Older Adults
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jung , Garcia Raul I. , Janket Sok‐Ja , Jones Judith A. , Mascarenhas Ana Karina , Scott Thayer E. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: October 2006

Background: Since the late 1980s, several studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of periodontal disease to the self‐reported history of stroke in the elderly (60 years of age and older) by examining the data of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).Methods: Data from NHANES III, a large population‐based cross‐sectional survey of the United States, were used for this study. Because 1,563 of the 5,123 subjects in the study were edentulous, and periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss, it was necessary to account for edentulousness in the statistical analysis to avoid bias. Hence, a new index called the periodontal health status (PHS) index was developed to address this problem. Two measures of PHS were developed: PHS I, based on the median percentage of sites with ≥2 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL), and PHS II, based on the median percentage of sites with ≥3 mm CAL. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test for the association of PHS with stroke history. Two types of a multiple logistic regression model were fit: 1) logistic regression modeling with adjustment for age and tobacco use only; and 2) logistic regression modeling with adjustment of all statistically significant confounders.Results: Based on multiple logistic regression analysis of PHS with adjustment for age and tobacco use only, completely edentulous elderly adults (PHS Class 5) and partially edentulous (teeth in one arch) elderly adults with appreciable clinical attachment loss (PHS Class 4) were significantly more likely to have a history of stroke compared to dentate adults (teeth in both arches) without appreciable clinical attachment loss (PHS Class 1). When multiple logistic regression models were fit with adjustment of all significant confounders, no statistically significant association was found between PHS and stroke.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, there is evidence of an association between cumulative periodontal disease, based on PHS, and a history of stroke. However, it is unclear whether cumulative periodontal disease is an independent risk factor for stroke or a risk marker for the disease.
The Effects of Loading Time on Osseointegration and New Bone Formation Around Dental Implants: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Ghanavati Farzin , Shayegh Seyyed Shojaoddin , Rahimi Hessam , Sharifi Davood , Ghanavati Farzam , Khalesseh Niloofar , Eslami Behnam 
Published: October 2006

Background: Immediate loading of dental implants has been introduced as a method of reducing implant treatment time without compromising its prognosis. In this research, the effects of loading time on the amount of bone‐to‐implant contact and bone formation around dental implants were evaluated histologically.Methods: Three months prior to implantation, the lower premolar teeth of 15 dogs were extracted. Three or four dental implants were placed in the healed extraction sites for each dog (N = 48). Dividing the dogs into three groups, the implants were either loaded 48 hours or 1 week later with metallic or prefabricated acrylic crowns or were left unloaded until the time of sacrifice. Three months after implant insertion, the animals were sacrificed and samples were investigated to define the amount of bone‐to‐implant contact, lamellar and woven bone percentage, and local inflammation of the newly formed bone.Results: No significant difference in the observed criteria was reported among the three groups (P >0.05); however, the unloaded group had the highest degree of bone‐to‐implant contact and the group loaded 48 hours after the primary implant insertion had the least. The prosthesis type had no significant effect on the implant success rate (P >0.05). The lamellar and woven bone percentage of newly formed bone also did not differ in the three groups (P >0.05). One implant from each group failed in this study.Conclusion: Loading time does not seem to significantly affect the degree of osseointegration and bone‐to‐implant contact and the composition of newly formed bone around dental implants.
Experimental Intrabony and Periodontal Defects Treated With Natural Mineral Combined With a Synthetic Cell‐Binding Peptide in the Canine: Morphometric Evaluations
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Weinreb Miron , Tal Haim , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Rohrer Michael D. , Prasad Hari S. , Kozlovsky Avital 
Published: October 2006

Background: A synthetic peptide (P‐15) analog of collagen added to anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABM) has recently been used as an enhanced bone graft material (ABM/P‐15). The objective of this study was to test the contribution of ABM/P‐15 in a new putty form (PEP) in two experimental membrane‐protected defects: periodontal and intrabony. Its efficacy as filler biomaterial in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures was evaluated histologically and morphometrically.Methods: In the maxillary canines, a facial mucoperiosteal flap was raised bilaterally in nine dogs. Two circular defects, 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth, were made on each side: a fenestrated periodontal on the canine root and an intrabony in the alveolar diastema, anteriorly. PEP particles filled both defects on one side; the contralateral side was blood filled (control). All surgical sites were covered with a bioabsorbable membrane. Histologically, at 4 months, tissue blocks were made using the cutting/grinding non‐decalcification method followed by morphometric analysis. In the periodontal fenestration root surface, the linear percentage of new cementum (%CEM), area percentage of new bone (%NB), and residual biomaterial particles (%PEP) were calculated. These same measurements were calculated at the intrabony sites, except cementum. The amount of direct NB to PEP contact was measured to assess the osteoconductivity level (OSC). The Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate any significant relationship between the different measured parameters.Results: In the grafted and non‐grafted fenestration root surface defects, %CEM averaged 59.5% and 73.9% (P <0.02), respectively; %NB averaged 36.1% and 31.4%, respectively; and %PEP averaged 20.6%. The mean percentage of OSC was 52.4%. In the intrabony grafted and non‐grafted sites, %NB averaged 50.7% and 60.1%, respectively (P <0.02). Residual %PEP averaged 26.1%, and OSC averaged 35.6%. At the intrabony sites, higher %NB and lower %OSC were found compared to the fenestration sites (P <0.001 and P <0.03, respectively). Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between %NB and %PEP at the fenestration defects. In between the two defect types, %OSC was significantly correlated (P <0.05).Conclusions: ABM/P‐15 putty showed osteoconductive and biocompatible qualities. However, at 4 months in this model, no enhanced regeneration was present compared to a higher CEM and NB growth detected at non‐grafted membrane‐protected sites.
Immunohistochemical Study of Bone Sialoprotein and Osteopontin in Healthy and Diseased Root Surfaces
Authors: Lao Martin , Marino Victor , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: October 2006

Background: Periodontal disease is marked by inflammation and damage to tooth‐supporting tissues. In particular, damage occurs to factors present in cementum that are thought to have the ability to influence the regeneration of surrounding tissues. Bone sialoprotein and osteopontin are major non‐collagenous proteins in mineralized connective tissues associated with precementoblast chemo‐attraction, adhesion to the root surface, and cell differentiation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the expression and distribution of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin on root surfaces affected by periodontitis are altered compared to healthy, non‐diseased root surfaces.Methods: Thirty healthy and 30 periodontitis‐affected teeth were collected. Following fixation and demineralization, specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and exposed to antibodies against bone sialoprotein and osteopontin. Stained sections were assessed using light microscopy.Results: Bone sialoprotein was not detected in the exposed cementum (absence of overlying periodontal ligament) of diseased teeth. In most areas where the periodontal ligament was intact, bone sialoprotein was detected for healthy and diseased teeth. For teeth reactive for bone sialoprotein, the matrix of the cementum just below the periodontal ligament was moderately stained. A similar immunoreactivity pattern for osteopontin was observed.Conclusions: The absence of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin staining along exposed cementum surfaces may be due to structural and compositional changes in matrix components associated with periodontal disease. This may influence the ability for regeneration and new connective tissue attachment onto previously diseased root surfaces.
Glycosylation and hepatacellular carcinoma
Authors: Mehta Anand 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5
th
most common cancer, but the 3
rd
leading cause of cancer death, in the world, with more than 500,000 fatalities annually. The major etiology of HCC/liver cancer in people is hepatitis B virus (HBV), followed by hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), although non‐viral causes also play a role in a minority of cases. Changes in N‐linked glycosylation are known to occur during the development of cancer. For example, increased branching of oligosaccharides has been associated with metastasis and has been correlated to tumor progression in human cancers of the breast, colon and melanomas. Changes in glycosylation have also been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most notable change is an increase in the level of core alpha 1,6 linked fucosylation of AFP. In HCC and in tesiticular cancer, the glycosylation of AFP shifts from a simple biantennary glycan to an alpha 1,6 linked core fucosylated biantennary glycan. Although the molecular mechanism of increased fucosylation in HCC is not clear, it known that the increase is not restricted to AFP. Results from several groups have indicated that other liver derived glycoproteins such as alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha 1 anti‐trypsin also become fucosylated with the development of HCC and a recent study has proposed that these glycoforms may be valuable biomarkers of HCC. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis of all the fucosylated glycoproteins in HCC patients has not been performed. This type of study has been limited due to the absence of a suitable technology to allow the examination of large pools of unknown proteins. With the advent of sensitive glycan analysis and proteomic technologies, the ability to comprehensively identify all the fucosylated proteins in patients with HCC and to identify those proteins for the development of diagnostic markers is now a possibility.
The
PRINTS
protein fingerprint database: functional and evolutionary applications
Authors: Attwood Teresa K. , Mitchell Alexander L. , Gaulton Anna , Moulton Georgina , Tabernero Lydia 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The PRINTS database is a compendium of protein fingerprints used to assign uncharacterized sequences to known families and hence to infer tentative functions. Fingerprints are groups of conserved sequence motifs that together provide diagnostic family signatures – the diagnostic potency of fingerprints derives both from the mutual context afforded by matching motif neighbours (a feature that cannot be exploited by single‐motif approaches), and from the hierarchical nature of the family analysis, which highlights the often‐subtle differences that constitute the functional determinants between closely‐related families and their subfamilies. In addition to its use as a signature resource, and the development of an automatic supplement, prePRINTS, we describe here other features that distinguish PRINTS from, and render it complementary to, related protein family databases; we also outline its application to investigations of evolutionary relationships and functional site predictions in complex gene families, such as ion channels, G protein‐coupled receptors and phosphatases.
PANTHER
: Protein families and subfamilies modeled on the divergence of function
Authors: Thomas Paul D. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships PANTHER is a resource that defines a molecular taxonomy of proteins, and relates this taxonomy to computational representations of function, spanning molecular functions, biological processes, and biochemical pathways. In this way, PANTHER provides an infrastructure for exploring the relationships between protein sequence evolution and evolution of function at both the molecular and pathway levels. Proteins are grouped into families, and the relationships between sequences in each family are represented as a phylogenetic tree. The trees are constructed using sequence conservation‐based distances that may reflect the functional constraints, over evolutionary time, on proteins of the same or similar functions. The current version of PANTHER contains calculated trees for over 5000 protein families, spanning over 80% of the protein‐coding genes in mammalian genomes and their known relatives from all kingdoms of life. Expert biologists have divided these families into over 30 000 subfamilies (clades), where each subfamily comprises proteins that share a distinct function. Subfamilies therefore represent the functional divergence (or “cooption”) events that occurred during the family's evolutionary history. Each subfamily is associated, when possible, with ontology terms that describe the functions of its constituent proteins and, increasingly, with components in biochemical pathways. In addition, the sequences in each family and subfamily are represented as a statistical amino acid “signature”, allowing classification of new sequences, and exploration of the relationships between protein sequence and function. PANTHER is freely available at
http://www.pantherdb.org
, where users can submit protein sequences for classifications, search, and browse the classifications and trees, and employ computational tools to analyze their own data, such as gene expression data and genetic mutation data, in the context of protein families and functions.
An IMM algorithm with federated information mode‐matched filters for AGV
Authors: Kim Yong‐Shik , Hong Keum‐Shik 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a tracking algorithm for autonomous navigation of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is presented. The developed navigation algorithm is an interacting multiple‐model (IMM) algorithm used to detect other AGVs using fused information from multiple sensors. In order to detect other AGVs, two kinematic models were derived: A constant‐velocity model for linear motion, and a constant‐speed turn model for curvilinear motion. In the constant‐speed turn model, a nonlinear information filter (IF) is used in place of the extended Kalman filter (KF). Being equivalent to the KF algebraically, the IF is extended toN‐sensor distributed dynamic systems. The model‐matched filter used in multi‐sensor environments takes the form of a federated nonlinear IF. In multi‐sensor environments, the information‐based filter is easier to decentralize, initialize, and fuse than a KF‐based filter. In this paper, the structural features and information‐sharing principle of the federated IF are discussed. The performance of the suggested algorithm using a Monte Carlo simulation is evaluated under the three navigation patterns. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendritic Gels—Many Arms Make Light Work
Authors: Smith D. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDendrimers and dendrons are a unique class of molecular‐scale building blocks for the construction of nanostructured materials. This article provides an accessible overview of the ways in which the unique architectural feature of molecular‐scale branching can endow gel‐phase materials with tunability and a high density of functionality. This makes these structures ideal for the construction of multiply crosslinked covalent gels, and also for the self‐assembly of multiply bound non‐covalent (supramolecular) gels. The unique properties and potential applications of these types of material are discussed.
Biomass gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Radmanesh Ramin , Chaouki Jamal , Guy Christophe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA model is presented for the gasification of beech wood particles in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG). The model encompasses the hydrodynamics of the solid and gas phases as well as the different reaction kinetics. It also accounts for the freeboard where additional homogeneous reactions take place. The influential impact of the pyrolysis step on the final composition of produced fuel gas was demonstrated by applying two different kinetic models for pyrolysis. Model results are compared with the experimental work of this study and other published results on wood gasification in BFBG. Effects of equivalence ratio (ER), steam to biomass ratio (SB), bed temperature, feed location, and mass transfer between the countercurrent regions (Kw) on the gas composition of product fuel gas are studied. The model shows good agreement with the experimental results. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Characterization of a novel deletion causing (δβ)0‐thalassemia in a Thai family
Authors: Svasti Saovaros , Paksua Surachate , Nuchprayoon Issarang , Winichagoon Pranee , Fucharoen Suthat 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novel deletion of the human β‐globin gene cluster associated with the increased level of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in adult life has been demonstrated in a Thai family. A Thai girl who was mistakenly diagnosed as β‐thalassemia/HbE is found to be the compound heterozygote of this mutation and Hb E. The heterozygous father had mild hypochromic and microcytic red blood cells and a high level of Hb F (23.2%). Polymorphic restriction sites in the β‐globin gene cluster identified the homozygous alleles, which localized the deletion region between the ψβ‐globin and the 3′ β‐globin genes. DNA polymerase that can amplify a long DNA template was employed to examine DNA fragment encompassing this deletion. A 11.3 kilobases (kb) of DNA deletion, beginning ∼3.1 kb 5′ to the δ‐globin gene and end in the intron 2 of the β‐globin gene was detected. DNA analysis revealed that this is a case of (δβ)0‐thalassemia with a novel mutation, which can lead to a mild form of β‐thalassemia upon interaction with Hb E. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of cancer‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy: What is the right approach?
Authors: Werner Theresa L. , Agarwal Neeraj , Carney Heather M. , Rodgers George M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 49‐year‐old Caucasian woman presented with features suggestive of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). She did not respond to treatment with repeated plasma exchange and corticosteroids. A bone marrow biopsy revealed presence of metastatic carcinoma. A limited autopsy revealed presence of breast cancer with rib metastases. Though severe deficiency of von Willebrand factor‐cleaving protease was initially proposed as a key pathogenetic factor for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, subsequent studies involving patients with cancer‐associated TMA did not find as severe a deficiency of von Willebrand factor‐cleaving protease as is seen in idiopathic cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Here we address one approach of management of these patients with cancer‐associated TMA. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.