bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
781 Visual Representation of Race and Skin Tones in North American Burn Literature
Authors: Kneib Cameron J , Shor Ryann E , Pham Tam N , Stewart Barclay T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Representation of all people in the medical literature enhances our collective ability to practice health equity and avoid implicit bias in patient evaluation, treatment, and outcomes determination. Clinical photographs play an important role in evaluation of burn care and its outcomes. Prior research has shown disparities of photographic representation of minorities in surgical literature. Our aim was to sample diversity of skin color in images from burn journals to represent diversity of patients in the current burn literature from high-income North American countries (NA).

Methods
A bibliometric analysis was performed on three leading burn surgery journals between 2021-2023. Each report was reviewed by two independent reviewers to evaluate medical images depicting native human skin and location of corresponding author. Images and number of distinct individuals (for figures containing multiple photos of the same individual) were tabulated and categorized as Fitzpatrick Scale ◻3 (White/fair skin tone) or &gt;3 (non-White/dark skin tone).

Results
A total of 353 articles in the Journal of Burn Care and Research, Burns, European Burn Journal with a corresponding author based in NA were reviewed for the study period, of which 45 (13%) articles contained images of native human skin. Analysis showed 216 photos depicting White/fair skin tone (60%) in 52 individuals (52%), whereas 144 photos depicted non-White/dark skin tone (40%) in 35 individuals (35%). This proportion is comparable to published American Burn Association factsheets for incidence of burns in non-White/non-Caucasian (41%).

Conclusions
Current images of non-White race/skin tone in burn literature from high-income North American countries indicate proportional race representation compared to NA burn injury demographics. Thoughtful and more intentional use of photographs depicting diverse skin tones improves representation within the field of burn care.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Greater awareness and intentional use of diverse skin tones in publication photographs are important for equity.
804 First-in-Human Xenotransplantation US-FDA-Clinical Trials - Complete Wound Closure of Mixed-Depth Burns via Porcine Skin Xenotransplant
Authors: Homsombath Bounthavy F , Holzer Paul , Rogers Kaitlyn M , Doloff Joshua C , Gullans Steve , Kaiser Robert A , Swartz Harold , Cetrulo, Jr. Curtis L , Scobie Linda , Monroy Rod , Goverman Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Currently there is no treatment than can provide complete and durable wound closure of mixed-depth burn injuries, other than intact human skin, which has several drawbacks. An alternative would be a significant advancement in burn care and a meaningful benefit to patient care.
We report here the results of the first-in-human, US-FDA xenotransplantation clinical trial: the use of skin xenotransplants containing live (i.e., non-terminally sterilized, non-xenograft) epidermal and dermal tissues derived from genetically altered, pathogen-free porcine donors to provide complete and durable wound closure of mixed-depth burn wounds.

Methods
22 patients with mixed-depth burn wounds were enrolled in Phase 1/2/2b US-FDA clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of skin xenotransplants to provide complete and durable wound closure in a side-by-side comparison with human allograft.

Results
To date, there have been zero adverse events including any xeno-related pathologies. In all patients, complete and durable wound closure was demonstrated at all xeno-treatment sites. In 3 cases, mixed-depth burns treated with the skin xenotransplant did not require autografting.

Conclusions
These clinical data demonstrate the ability of a live, genetically altered skin xenotransplant to facilitate complete and durable wound closure in mixed-depth burn wounds, and that the use of skin xenotransplants may potentially reduce the need for autografting in the treatment of mixed-depth burns. These claims will be evaluated in a US-FDA Phase 3 clinical trial.

Applicability of Research to Practice
First-in-Human Xenotransplant; Complete, Durable Wound Closure of Mixed, Depth, Full-Thickness Burn Wounds.
Unfolding some numerical solutions for the magnetohydrodynamics Casson–Williamson nanofluid flow over a stretching surface
Authors: Khan Kashif Ali , Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Ahammad N Ameer , Bushra Hafiza , Gamaoun Fehmi , Javed Muhammad Faraz , Raza Nauman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research focuses on exploring the significance of chemical reactions and thermal radiation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Casson–Williamson nanofluid (CWNF) over a stretching sheet. The objective is to comprehend how these factors influence the flow and heat transfer. A mathematical model, comprising partial differential equations adjusted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via utilizing some transformation. These ODEs are then tackled by MATLAB’s BVP4C method, which is part of the finite difference technique. Results are verified by comparison with existing literature and are depicted visually and in tabular format. Additionally, the study explores the effects of external factors such as magnetic fields and the Lewis number on parameters like Nusselt number, friction factor, and Sherwood number. Furthermore, heat generation in MHD CWNF is analyzed, along with a thorough evaluation of heat transfer near a stretching sheet with a permeable layer. The findings suggest that growing Brownian motion factor (Nb) and thermophoresis coefficient (Nt) enhance the rate of heat transfer, signifying improved heat transfer rates. Similarly, higher Nt values are associated with enhanced Sherwood numbers, indicating better mass transfer. Conversely, higher Nb values lead in lower local Sherwood numbers. Physically, an increase in Brownian motion causes significant displacement of nanofluid particles, boosting their kinetic energy and thereby enhancing heat generation within the boundary layer. It is noted that the Eckert number (Ec) reflects the impact of different Ec values on temperature distribution. As Ec increases, there is a proportional increase in fluid temperature due to frictional heating, which stores heat energy within the fluid. This effect becomes more pronounced for non-linear stretching surfaces, demonstrating the response of the thermal region to viscous dissipation. Viscous dissipation has the potential to enhance convective heat transfer, leading to amplified temperature distribution and thickening of the thermal layer.
Molecular identification of the invasive subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) outside its known distribution: introduction routes and implications for pest management strategies
Authors: Hernández-Teixidor David , Duarte Sónia , Taheri Ahmed , Borges Paulo A V , Nunes Lina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite providing important ecosystem services, termites are also serious pests of wooden structures. Termites are highly adaptive organisms that cause concern as an invasive species. Predictions of the future spread of their distribution range due to factors such as climate change, urban growth, and global trade present new challenges to our capacity to protect our wood and wood-based materials and structures effectively. Reticulitermes grassei Clément, 1978 (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) is a subterranean termite native to the Iberian Peninsula and France, whose global distribution has widened over recent years. This article updates the distribution range of this species, confirming its identification in the Azores, Madeira, and Morocco through molecular analysis. The origin and consequences of these putative invasive populations are discussed in light of previously available data. The resulting network showed a highly structured base consisting of many haplotypes from the southern and southwestern Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), including those from Morocco (in natural landscapes) and Switzerland (in infrastructures). The more derived part of the network includes the haplotypes from southwest France, the northwest Iberian Peninsula, the United Kingdom, Azores, and Madeira, the last 3 being linked probably to human-mediated transportation events. The potential impacts of invasive subterranean termite populations expanding into new regions are concerning, especially in urban environments, and remain uncertain in natural areas. The challenges posed by these termites could be especially worrying in island ecosystems. Hence, it is crucial to implement early warning systems and monitoring programs in regions susceptible to subterranean termite invasions.
Diffraction contrast of ferroelectric domains in DPC STEM images
Authors: Takamoto Masaya , Seki Takehito , Ikuhara Yuichi , Shibata Naoya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC STEM) is a powerful technique for directly visualizing electromagnetic fields inside materials at high spatial resolution. Electric field observation within ferroelectric materials is potentially possible by DPC STEM, but concomitant diffraction contrast hinders the quantitative electric field evaluation. Diffraction contrast is basically caused by the diffraction-condition variation inside a field of view, but in the case of ferroelectric materials, the diffraction conditions can also change with respect to the polarization orientations. To quantitatively observe electric field distribution inside ferroelectric domains, the formation mechanism of diffraction contrast should be clarified in detail. In this study, we systematically simulated diffraction contrast of ferroelectric domains in DPC STEM images based on the dynamical diffraction theory, and clarify the issues for quantitatively observing electric fields inside ferroelectric domains. Furthermore, we conducted experimental DPC STEM observations for a ferroelectric material to confirm the influence of diffraction contrast predicted by the simulations.
Reflections on arts-based research methods in refugee mental health: The role of creative exercises in nurturing positive coping with trauma and exile
Authors: de Smet Sofie , Spaas Caroline , Jervelund Signe Smith , Skovdal Morten , De Haene Lucia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the field of refugee mental health research, scholars have emphasized the ethical obligation for research practices to benefit participants. They have proposed that research participation itself can promote positive coping in the aftermath of migration. In this article, we aim to advance the understanding of the benefits of arts-based research methods (ABRM) in how they may nurture participants’ positive coping during their experiences as research participants. To do so, we depart from the findings from three drama-based mental health interventions conducted with refugee and migrant young people resettled in Europe on the role creative processes might play in fostering coping. We develop a reflection on how ABRM may tap into these processes to strengthen refugees’ coping and well-being, ultimately supporting ethical research practices. In the final section, we discuss the value of integrating ABRM in refugee mental health research that embeds similar creative processes in their methodological repertoire.
Temporary turn in the asylum regime and the deportable refugee: The case of Syrians in Türkiye
Authors: Tunaboylu Sevda 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Within the context of forced repatriation, this study investigates the conditions under which Syrian refugees face the spectacle of detention and deportation in Türkiye. As the largest group of Temporary Protection holders within a single country (currently 3.7 million), this case provides a unique lens to examine how asylum policies’ increased emphasis on the temporariness of protection and the eventual return leads to the production of illegality, and consequently of the deportable refugee. Based on qualitative data collected between September and December 2019 in Istanbul, Türkiye, this paper argues that the escalating fear of deportability is built on three pillars: (1) exploitation in the informal labour market, (2) quotidian police surveillance and factory raids, and (3) discrimination in public life. The study contributes to the discussion of temporality and deportability in refugee studies.
Associated factors of vaginal laxity and female sexual function: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pereira Gláucia Miranda Varella , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , Ledger Nina , Juliato Cássia Raquel Teatin , Domoney Claudine , Cartwright Rufus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD), including vaginal laxity (VL), can lead to a decrease in quality of life and affect partner relationships.

Aim
We aimed to investigate the associated factors of VL and FSD and their relationship with other pelvic floor disorders in a female population.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital from July to December 2022. All women referred to clinical care at the urogynecology clinic were included. Participants were assessed according to sociodemographic and clinical aspects, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system, sexual function, VL, sexual attitudes, sexual distress, sexual quality of life, vaginal symptoms, and pelvic floor disorders. Unadjusted and adjusted associated factors of VL and FSD were analyzed.

Outcomes
The primary outcome was the identification of the associated factors of VL and FSD in a female population, and secondary outcomes included the association between VL and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with the questionnaire scores.

Results
Among participants (N = 300), vaginal delivery, multiparity, perineal laceration, menopause, and gel hormone were significantly more frequent in those reporting VL (all P &lt; .05). When compared with nulliparity, primiparity and multiparity increased the odds of VL by approximately 4 and 12 times, respectively (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.26 [95% CI, 2.05-8.85]; OR, 12.77 [95% CI, 6.53-24.96]). Menopause and perineal laceration increased the odds of VL by 4 and 6 times (unadjusted OR, 4.65 [95% CI, 2.73-7.93]; OR, 6.13 [95% CI, 3.58-10.49]). In multivariate analysis, menopause, primiparity, multiparity, and POP remained associated with VL.

Clinical Implications
Parity, as an obstetric factor, and menopause and staging of POP, as clinical factors, were associated with VL.

Strengths and Limitations
The investigation of associated factors for VL will contribute to the understanding of its pathophysiology. The study design makes it impossible to carry out causal inference.

Conclusion
Menopause, primiparity, multiparity, and POP were highly associated with VL complaints in multivariate analysis.
Anisotropy ansatz for the axisymmetric Jeans equations
Authors: De Deo Leonardo , Ciotti Luca , Pellegrini Silvia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The Jeans equations do not form a closed system, and to solve them a parametrization relating the velocity moments is often adopted. For axisymmetric models, a phenomenological choice (the ‘b-ansatz’) is widely used for the relation between the vertical ($\sigma _z^2$) and radial ($\sigma _R^2$) components of the velocity dispersion tensor, thus breaking their identity present in two-integral systems. However, the way in which the ansatz affects the resulting kinematical fields can be quite complicated, so that the analysis of these fields is usually performed only after numerically computing them. We present here a general procedure to study the properties of the ansatz-dependent fields $\overline{v_{\varphi }^2}$, $\Delta =\overline{v_{\varphi }^2}- \sigma _z^2$ and $\Delta _R= \overline{v_{\varphi }^2}- \sigma _R^2$. Specifically, the effects of the b-ansatz can be determined before solving the Jeans equations once the behaviour over the (R, z)-plane of three easy-to-build ansatz-independent functions is known. The procedure also constrains the ansatz to exclude unphysical results (as a negative $\overline{v_{\varphi }^2}$). The method is illustrated by discussing the cases of three well-known galaxy models: the Miyamoto & Nagai and Satoh discs, and the Binney logarithmic halo, for which the regions and the constraints on the ansatz values can be determined analytically; a two-component (Miyamoto & Nagai plus logarithmic halo) model is also discussed.
The impact of nebular Lyman-Continuum on ionizing photons budget and escape fractions from galaxies
Authors: Simmonds C , Verhamme A , Inoue A K , Katz H , Garel T , De Barros S 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral Lyman Continuum (Ly C) emitters have been detected so far, but their observed ionizing spectra sometimes differ from attenuated stellar spectra predicted by stellar population synthesis modelling. This discrepancy may be due to a significant contribution of Ly C nebular emission. We aim to quantify the importance this emission in Ly C leakers: its contribution to the ionizing photons budget, and to measurements of Ly C escape. To estimate the nebular contribution to the Ly C spectra of galaxies, we run photoionization models with Cloudy for a range of Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis templates, varying the column density of the surrounding gas, from density-bounded (NH i = 1016 cm−2) to ionization-bounded (NH i = 1019 cm−2) regimes. In the limits of very optically thin (fesc = 1), or thick configurations (fesc = 0), there is no nebular contribution to the emergent Ly C spectra. This contribution matters only at intermediate Ly C opacities (0 &lt; fesc &lt; 1), where it alters the shape of the Ly C spectrum chromatically, so that escape fractions estimates are highly sensitive to the wavelength range over which they are calculated. We propose a formula to estimate integrated escape fractions using Fλ700/Fλ1100 flux ratios, since this wavelength range is not affected by nebular emission. Regarding simulations, the boost of hydrogen ionizing photons escaping galaxies is inversely proportional to the stellar escape fractions, but since typical simulated escape fractions are low, Ly C photons escape is important. Nebular Ly C is a non-negligible additional source of ionizing photons from galaxies, whose contribution has been overlooked so far in observations and in cosmic reionization simulations.
Proto-neutron star convection and the neutrino-driven wind: implications for the νp-process
Authors: Nevins Brian , Roberts Luke F 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent studies of the neutrino-driven wind from proto-neutron stars have indicated that the wind is likely proton rich for much of its lifetime, and the high flux of neutrinos can induce νp-process nucleosynthesis allowing for the formation of heavy elements. It has also been shown that gravito-acoustic waves, generated by convection within the proto-neutron star, can significantly alter the dynamics and nucleosynthesis in the wind. Therefore, we present a study of the effects of convection-driven waves on the nucleosynthesis in proton-rich neutrino-driven winds, focusing on the νp-process. We find that wave effects can strongly impact νp-process nucleosynthesis even at wave luminosities a factor of 10−5 smaller than the total neutrino luminosity. The momentum flux of the waves accelerates the wind, reducing the net neutrino heating and the persistent neutron abundance created by p($\bar{\nu }_\mathrm{ e},e^+$), which impedes νp-process nucleosynthesis. However, this effect is generally counteracted by the effects of waves on seed nucleus formation, as the acceleration of the wind and the heating that occurs as these waves shock both favour a more α-rich environment with very little heavy seed nucleus formation. Overall, higher wave luminosities correlate (albeit non-monotonically) with heavier element νp-processing, up to A ≈ 200 in some cases. At very high wave luminosities (≳10−3Lν), early shock heating by the waves disrupts α recombination, and drives a suppressed, fast-outflow r-process proceeding up to A ≈ 200. This occurs despite an assumed neutrino spectrum that predicts a proton-rich wind with equilibrium Ye = 0.6.
A Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope survey of radio-loud broad absorption line quasars
Authors: Hayashi Takayuki J , Doi Akihiro , Nagai Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
A substantial fraction of quasars display broad absorption lines (BALs) in their rest-frame ultraviolet spectra. While the origin of BALs is thought to be related to the accretion disc wind, it remains unclear whether the observed ratio of BAL to non-BAL quasars is a result of orientation. We conducted observations of 48 BAL quasars and the same number of non-BAL quasars at 322 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Combined with previous flux measurements ranging from MHz to GHz frequencies, we compared continuum radio spectra between the two quasar groups. These data offer insights into low-frequency radio properties that have been difficult to investigate with previous observations only at GHz frequencies. Our results show that 73 ± 13 per cent of the BAL quasars exhibit steep or peaked spectra, a higher proportion than the 44 ± 14 per cent observed in the non-BAL quasars. In contrast, there are no discernible differences between the two quasar groups in the radio luminosity, peak frequency, and spectral index distributions of sources with steep or peaked spectra and sources with flat or inverted spectra. Generally, as the jet axis and line of sight become closer to parallel, quasars exhibit flat or inverted spectra rather than steep or peaked spectra. Therefore, these results suggest that BAL quasars are more frequently observed farther from the jet axis than non-BAL quasars. However, given that a certain proportion of BAL quasars exhibit flat or inverted spectra, more than the simple orientation scenario is required to elucidate the radio properties of BAL quasars.
Strong outflows and inefficient star formation in the reionization-era ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Eridanus ii
Authors: Sandford Nathan R , Weinberg David H , Weisz Daniel R , Fu Sal Wanying 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We present novel constraints on the underlying galaxy formation physics (e.g. mass-loading factor, star formation history, and metal retention) at z ≳ 7 for the low-mass (M* ∼ 105 M⊙) Local Group ultrafaint dwarf galaxy (UFD) Eridanus ii (Eri ii). Using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we apply a one-zone chemical evolution model to Eri ii’s CaHK-based photometric metallicity distribution function (MDF; [Fe/H]) and find that the evolution of Eri ii is well characterized by a short, exponentially declining star formation history ($\tau _\text{SFH}=0.39\pm _{0.13}^{0.18}$ Gyr), a low star formation efficiency ($\tau _\text{SFE}=27.56\pm _{12.92}^{25.14}$ Gyr), and a large mass-loading factor ($\eta =194.53\pm _{42.67}^{33.37}$). Our results are consistent with Eri ii forming the majority of its stars before the end of reionization. The large mass-loading factor implies strong outflows in the early history of Eri ii and is in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the mass scaling of galactic winds. It also results in the ejection of &gt;90 per cent of the metals produced in Eri ii. We make predictions for the distribution of [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] in Eri ii as well as the prevalence of ultra metal-poor stars, both of which can be tested by future chemical abundance measurements. Spectroscopic follow-up of the highest metallicity stars in Eri ii ([Fe/H] &gt; −2) will greatly improve model constraints. Our new framework can readily be applied to all UFDs throughout the Local Group, providing new insights into the underlying physics governing the evolution of the faintest galaxies in the reionization era.