bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lehrter Bahnhof Berlin: Die Haupteingangsfassaden
Authors: Gugeler Jochen , Gerber Hannes , Schneider Jens , Havemann Kathrin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDie Bahnhofshalle des neuen Berliner Hauptbahnhofes betritt man von Norden oder Süden durch zwei außergewöhnliche Glasfassaden. Das Tragwerk der Haupteingangsfassaden besteht ausschließlich aus Seilen und Glas. Wie die Stabschale des Nord‐Süd‐Daches weisen sie zahlreiche Sonderkonstruktionen auf, die alle Beteiligten vor schwierige Aufgaben stellten. Neben dem besonderen Tragsystem der vertikalen Seilbinder sind hier vor allem die Glasschwerter zu nennen, die gewaltige Lasten zu ertragen haben. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Klimabelastung und Lastverteilung bei Mehrscheiben‐Isolierglas
Authors: Feldmeier Franz 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEine Änderung der Temperatur oder des barometrischen Drucks erzeugt eine Druckdifferenz zwischen den Scheibenzwischenräumen einer Isolierglasscheibe und dem Außenraum und führt zu einer Belastung der Einzelscheiben. Andererseits werden externe auf eine Einzelscheibe einwirkende Lasten von den Scheiben gemeinsam getragen. Im allgemeinen hängt das Verhalten der Scheiben von der Steifigkeit des Systems ab. Übliche rechteckige Isolierglasscheiben normaler Größe zeigen die erwartete Lastverteilung und nur geringe Klimalasten. Kleine Formate mit dicken Glasscheiben, Dreifach‐Isolierglas, Dreiecke und punktgestützte Scheiben sowie gebogene Scheiben tragen eine deutlich höhere Last. Glasbruch und Schäden am Randverbund können die Folge sein. Die technischen Grundlagen werden beschrieben und die Theorie in einer allgemeinen Form formatunabhängig für unterschiedliche Lasttypen entwickelt. Zur praktischen Anwendung werden die Gleichungen in einer linearisierten Form dargestellt und auf die üblichen Konstruktionen Zweischeiben‐ und Dreischeiben‐Isolierglas mit symmetrischem Aufbau angewandt. Die Definition des isochoren Druckes und des Isolierglasfaktors erlauben Verformung und Spannung in der üblichen Weise zu berechnen. In einem Beispiel wird die Berechnung der Lastverteilung und der klimatischen Belastung schrittweise durchgeführt und das Ergebnis dargestellt. Die Gleichungen und die erforderlichen Koeffizienten sind in einem Anhang zusammengestellt. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kleben im Bauwesen – gestern, heute, morgen – Allgemeine Übersicht und Ausblick auf die Forschung im Konstruktiven Glasbau an der Fachhochschule München (FHM)
Authors: Bucak Ömer , Hagl Anneliese 
Published: May 2006

AbstractKleben im Bauwesen hat eine lange Tradition. Die Geschichte des Klebens beginnt spätestens mit der Entwicklung des Mörtels im vorchristlichen Rom. Seither hat die Anwendung dieser Technologie bedeutende Fortschritte erzielt – und auch Rückfälle erlitten. Heute klebt der moderne Bauingenieur in vielen Bereichen des Bauens, ohne daß ihm meist bewußt ist, daß er die Fügetechnik “Kleben” anwendet. Dieser Bericht soll zum einen eine allgemeine Übersicht über die im Bauwesen üblichen “Klebstoffe” geben, zum anderen soll insbesondere die Technik des Klebens im Glasbau beleuchtet werden. An der Frage nach den Eigenschaften der Klebstoffe für den Glasbau soll aufgezeigt werden, welche Aspekte bei der Erforschung dieser neuen Verbindungstechnologie bedacht werden müssen. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐Newtonian flow in a thin film with boundary conditions of Coulomb's type
Authors: Saidi F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper concerns the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the three‐dimensional non‐Newtonian fluid flow with slip condition of Coulomb's type imposed on a part of the boundary domain. Existence and uniqueness results for the weak solution are proved. We study the limit when the thickness tends to zero and we prove a convergence theorem for velocity and pressure in appropriate functional spaces. The limit of slip condition is obtained. Besides, the uniqueness of the velocity and the pressure limits are also proved.
Correlation between serial measurements of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and ambulatory cardiac filling pressures in outpatients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Braunschweig Frieder , Fahrleitner‐Pammer Astrid , Mangiavacchi Maurizio , Ghio Stefano , Fotuhi Parwis , Hoppe Uta C. , Linde Cecilia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundSerial measurements of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) have been suggested for the management of outpatients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The relationship between NT‐proBNP plasma levels and central haemodynamic parameters in this setting is not known.MethodsIn 19 outpatients with CHF, NT‐proBNP was related to central haemodynamic information, continuously measured with an implanted haemodynamic monitor (IHM) during 24 h of daily living activities (“24 h”) and during supine rest (“rest”). In 13 patients, three to seven serial measurements were obtained with a mean time interval of 39 days (range 19–113).ResultsAt the first visit (n=19), NT‐proBNP plasma levels were dispersed over a wide range of filling pressures and not correlated with the 24 h median of the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the estimated pulmonary artery pressure (ePAD). However, in the individual patient, serial measurements yielded significant positive correlations between NT‐proBNP and RVSP (p=0.006) and ePAD (p=0.001). During “24 h” compared with “rest”, the median RVSP and ePAD were elevated by 20±16% and 32±18%, respectively, and corresponded better with NT‐proBNP (p<0.05).ConclusionIn outpatients with CHF, single measurements of NT‐proBNP are not correlated with cardiac filling pressures. However, serial measurements of NT‐proBNP in each individual patient show a significant positive correlation with central haemodynamic parameters and reflect changes in the haemodynamic state over time.
Elevated circulating levels of heat shock protein 70 are related to systemic inflammatory reaction through monocyte Toll signal in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Satoh Mamoru , Shimoda Yudai , Akatsu Tomonari , Ishikawa Yuh , Minami Yoshitaka , Nakamura Motoyuki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that heat shock protein (HSP) 70 may serve as a “damage signal” to the immune system and could be the endogenous ligand for Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 mediating synthesis of inflammatory cytokines.AimsTo explore the relationship between circulating HSP70 levels and activation of monocyte TLR4 and myocardial damage after AMI.Methods and resultsThis study examined circulating HSP70 and monocyte TLR4 levels in 52 patients with AMI and 20 controls, and analyzed ex vivo inflammatory cytokine productions using HSP70‐stimulated monocytes. Circulating HSP70 levels were higher in AMI patients on day 1 after onset than in controls and remained elevated in AMI patients 14 days after onset. HSP70 levels were positively correlated with monocyte TLR4, plasma interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in AMI patients. HSP70 levels 14 days after onset were higher in AMI patients with heart failure (n=15) than in those without heart failure. In our in vitro study, HSP70‐stimulated monocytes resulted in dose‐dependent TLR4 expression and release of inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 antibody inhibited inflammatory cytokines release.ConclusionsElevated circulating levels of HSP70 may be involved in TLR4 signal‐mediated immune response and the progression of heart failure after AMI.
Transcriptional activation of a moderately expressed tRNA gene by a positioned nucleosome
Authors: Parthasarthy Akhila , Gopinathan Karumathil P. 
Published: May 2006

All of the members of a tRNA1Gly multigene family from the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, have identical coding regions and consequently identical internal promoter elements, but are transcribed at different levels. A moderately expressed copy, tRNA1Gly-4 from within this multigene family, which was transcribed to 30–50% of the highly transcribed gene copies harboured two typical TATAA box sequences in the 5′ upstream region at positions −27 nt and −154 nt with respect to the +1 nt of mature tRNA. Deletion of the distal TATAA sequence at −154 nt brought down the transcription more than 70%, whereas mutation of the proximal element did not affect transcription. tRNA1Gly-4 could be readily assembled into chromatin, with a positioned nucleosome in the upstream region, and the assembled nucleosome formed stable complexes with the transcription factors TFIIIC and TFIIIB. Organization of the gene into nucleosomes also enhanced transcription significantly above that of the naked DNA, reaching transcription levels comparable with those of the highly transcribed copies. This nucleosome-mediated enhancement in transcription was absent when the distal TATAA sequences were deleted, whereas mutation of the proximal TATAA element showed no effect. In the absence of the distal TATAA sequences, assembly into the nucleosome inhibited transcription of tRNA1Gly-4. TFIIIB bound directly through the distal TATAA sequence at −154 nt and the positioned nucleosome facilitated its interaction with TFIIIC. The direct binding of TFIIIB to the DNA provided anchoring of the factor to the template DNA which conferred a higher stability on the TFIIIB–TFIIIC–DNA complex. We have proposed a novel mechanism for the nucleosome-mediated stimulation of pol III (RNA polymerase III) transcription of tRNA genes, a model not presented previously.
Rapid cervicovaginal smear screening: method of quality control and assessing individual cytotechnologist performance
Authors: Pajtler M. , Audy‐Jurković S. , Škopljanac‐Mačina L. , Antulov J. , Barišić A. , Miličić‐Juhas V. 
Published: May 2006

Aim:  To validate the method of rapid screening (RS) in the detection of cervical lesions and false‐negative results as well as in quality control of cytotechnologist performance.Material and methods:  The RS method was validated on Papanicolaou‐stained and initially conventionally analysed vaginal, cervical and endocervical (VCE) smears collected in an opportunistic programme for the detection of cervical carcinoma. The study included 3680 VCE smears from the Department of Gynaecologic Cytology, University Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb and from the Department of Clinical Cytology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek. Histologically verified abnormal findings accounted for 10% of the study samples. Thirteen cytotechnologists, with no previous experience in RS, performed the test. Each slide was examined using the ‘step’ technique for 1.5 minutes, the findings were classified as negative or abnormal, and the abnormal ones were also classified according to differential cytological diagnosis. The results were compared with those obtained on initial screening. Abnormal findings from a group of initially negative findings were reanalysed using conventional methods to make definitive cytological diagnosis.Results:  RS yielded a sensitivity of 83.7%, specificity of 93.7%, positive predictive value of 62.4%, negative predictive value of 97.9% and diagnostic accuracy of 92.6%. Relative to the initial abnormal differential cytological diagnosis, the diagnostic value of RS increased with lesion severity [54.8%, 68.0% and 91.3% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, CIN II and CIN III respectively]. RS detected 38 additional positive findings; 94.2% of these were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/abnormal glandular cells undetermined significance (AGUS) and CIN I. The rate of additional positive findings was 1.14% (38/3135). The false‐negative rate of initial screening was 9.4% (38/406), and individual cytotechnologist sensitivity was 60.0–100.0%.Conclusion:  RS could be introduced as an efficient method of quality control to improve the sensitivity of cytological screening as well as for quality control of cytotechnologist performance.
Morphological correlates of nectar production used by honeybees
Authors: HIGGINSON A. D. , GILBERT F. S. , BARNARD C. J. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract 1. Honeybees foraging on lavender have been shown to choose inflorescences that are larger and have more flowers. If they are selecting optimally then these inflorescences should yield higher net rates of energy gain. The number and distribution of flowers within inflorescences is a complex function of age, however, which might itself influence nectar quality and availability.2. Sampling of the overnight nectar secretion of visited and unvisited inflorescences showed that younger inflorescences with more flowers produced more sugar per flower and had fewer unproductive flowers than other inflorescences, but the size of the inflorescence had no effects.3. Overall display size attracted bees to inspect inflorescences, as inflorescences that were inspected but rejected were larger and/or had larger or more bracts than those that were ignored. Bees, however, accepted more productive inflorescences based on different cues: inflorescence age and number of flowers.4. Inflorescence choice thus appeared to reflect a two‐stage decision process based on different morphological criteria at each stage.
Quantitative studies on the phytoplankton of the Rivers Thames and Kennet at Reading
Authors: LACK T. J. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThe phytoplankton of the River Thames and its tributary the River Kennet was studied weekly from May 1966 to May 1968. Samples were concentrated by sedimen‐tation and counted in a haemocytometer.Data on discharge, temperature and silica concentration are followed by descriptions of the variations in the number and composition of the phytoplankton. In both rivers there were spring and autumn peaks of the centric diatom. Stephanodiscus hantzschii. Chlorophyceae were most abundant during summer. Two cryptophyceans, Cryptomonas and Rhodomonas were sometimes numerous.In the Thames, the size of the population was closely correlated with the discharge, highest numbers always occurring during periods of low discharge. In the Kennet, increases in discharge often brought about increases in cell number due to the infiux of benthic forms.It appeared that nutrients were always present in sufficient quantity and did not limit algal growth.Comparisons were made with earlier studies on the Thames and differences were noted in the composition of the phytoplankton which were almost certainly due to the process of eutrophication.
The chemical composition and flow of the South Winterbourne in Dorset
Authors: CASEY H. , NEWTON PATRICIA V. R. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryWeekly observations were made of the South Winterbourne from October 1970 to December 1971. Flow commenced in November 1970 and ceased in July 1971, a maximum flow of 1.51 m3 s−1 being recorded in January 1971.The chemical composition was not very variable, but nitrate showed a positive correlation with flow.
Studies on Gull Lake, Michigan
Authors: MOSS BRIAN 
Published: May 2006

SummaryEvidence is presented, from studies on deoxygenation of the hypolimnion and from examination of the diatom frustules in a surface mud core, that Gull Lake is becoming progressively more fertile. This appears to be a recent phenomenon, having begun in the last century. Phosphate is identified, from bioassay experiments, as the key nutrient limiting to algal growth. Probable future changes in the lake are discussed, and the existence of `natural' eutrophication is denied.
Analysis of a meristic trait for hybridization in sunfishes (genus Lepomis)
Authors: MISRA R. K. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryNecessity of a thorought study of hybridization, following the breakdown of reproductive isolating mechanisms between naturally occurring populations, has been felt by biologists in geneeral and ichthyologists in particular. In this connection a formula for ‘hybrid index’ developed mainly by Hubbs & Kuronuma (1942) and Hubbs, Hubbs & Johnson (1943) has widely been in use, to test the assumption of hybridity and to study the mode of inheritance. Misra, Bateson & Keenleyside (1970) gave statistical methods of analysing hybrid indices estimated for characters of the ‘continuous’ type, and also provided a numerical example. Recently Misra (1971) gave a method of doing similar analysis for hybrid indices estimated for meristic characters, but no example was provided, as data were not available to him. This paper presents a study of hybridization in the sunfishes (genus Lepomis) of Pinehurst Lake, Ontario, Canada, based on the number of scales below the lateral line; the primary purpose of the study is to show the complete computational procedure involved in the application of the method of Misra (1971), so that those users of the method who are mainly interested in the applied aspects of the method, can bypass the mathematics easily.
Another instance of haemoglobin in a flatworm (Phaenocora typhlops Vejdovsky 1880)
Authors: YOUNG JOHNSTONE O. , HARRIS JANE H. 
Published: May 2006

Summary(1) The occurrence of haemoglobin in Phaenocora typhlops (Vejdovsky) is reported.(2) Rhabdocoels were examined spectrophotometrically. The distribution of the pigment was studied by a sodium nitroprusside‐benzidine technique, and the distribution of ferric iron with Perl's technique.(3) Characteristic bands of oxyhaemoglobin were observed at 540 and 580 nm. The oxyhaemoglobin was reduced to haemoglobin by the addition of sodium dithionite and an absorption band appeared at about 560 nm.(4) Haematin was found principally around the pharynx, though a little was found in front of the latter and along the length of the gut. Ferric iron was distributed throughout the worm.(5) The occurrence of haemoglobin in P. typhlops and P. unipunctata is compared. It is suggested that less occurs in the former species. Whether or not this is related to the presence of zoochlorellae is considered. Certainly both species burrow actively in mud where reduced oxygen conditions can occur.
A hydrobiological survey of a small Spanish river grossly polluted by oil refinery and petrochemical wastes
Authors: MEYNELL P. J. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryIn a 2½‐month hydrobiological survey of the Rio Ojailén, a tributary of the Rio Guadalquivir in Spain, four aspects of the pollution from an oil refinery and petrochemical complex were considered: physical, chemical, macrobiological and toxico‐Iogical. Near its source the river receives a combined waste making up 75% of its dry weather flow. The wastes are grossly polluting‐from oil, phenols, ammonia, hydrocarbons and other organic materials as well as suspended solids. Though inhibitory to biological degradation, the wastes are gradually purified and diluted with passage downstream and retention in a man‐made lake. No macroinvertebrate life is found for 43 km downstream of the complex, in spite of incoming pure streams which were sampled for comparison. Diptera followed by Odonata are the first to return. The effect of the lake on purification is considerable. Toxicity tests of river water upon mosquito fish show a similar decline in toxicity. An attempt has been made to predict the recovery of the river once treatment plants have been installed by the autumn of 1973.
Observations on the limnology and primary production of a small man‐made lake in the West African savanna
Authors: THOMAS J. D. , RATCLIFFE P. J. 
Published: May 2006

Summary1. The results of limnological studies on a small, 35‐ha, triangular man‐made lake and a small adjacent fish pond in the coastal savanna of Ghana are described.2. The lake, which has a renewal time of approximately 0.96 years, is subject to large, predictable seasonal changes. Water volume and surface area rapidly reach maximum values in the wet season from April to June despite the low runoff values which average only 1.2% of the precipitation. Minimum values occur in the dry season when up to 76% of the lake area may be exposed. Most of the water is lost by evaporation which may amount to 193 cm annually.3. The annual cycle in water temperature follows that in solar radiation with peaks towards the end of the dry season in March to April and deep troughs in the wet season from April to June. During the dry season the water column is characterized by greater stability, a higher degree of stratification, and a much higher amplitude of diurnal temperature change (4‐5°C) than in the wet season (1°C). Isothermal conditions tend to be approached nocturnally and even during the day in the wet season.4. The ionic content of the water is low and dominated by bicarbonate, sodium, silica and iron. During the wet season flood water results in a decline in conductivity from 214 to 30 μmhos/cm2, a decrease in pH and transparency, and an increase in oxidizable organic material. Except for the conductivity these values return to normal in about 6 weeks as a result of rapid decomposition of allochthonous materials.5. The oxygen pulse is strong and photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton high during the dry season whereas in the wet season the converse is true. As a result of the low concentration of organic carbon (0.10–0.35%) in the sediments their oxygen demands are low. Consequently, dissolved oxygen values near the sediment are relatively high and oxygen stratification poorly‐developed. Most of the organic carbon appears to be recycled in the water column rather than in the sediments as is generally the case in tropical ecosystems.6. Rooted vegetation became permanently established in the fish pond but not i n the lake itself. Emergent and floating vegetation which grows profusely in the draw‐down area in the wet season is for the most part exported from the system by wind and biological agencies and, therefore, contributes little to the energy and mineral budgets of the lake. Primary production in the water column is mainly by Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae and is low during the dry season (1.35 gC/m2/day) and very low in the wet season. Possible reasons for the low level of primary production are discussed.
Emergence patterns of Plecoptera in a stream in Oregon, USA
Authors: KERST CARY D. , ANDERSON N. H. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryForty‐three species of Plecoptera were collected from emergence traps in an Oregon woodland stream. Adults occurred during every month of the year, but the largest numbers and most species emerged from April to June. Temporal separation of con‐generic species occurred within the suborder of Filipalpia, but not in Setipalpia. Some species of Nemoura had split emergence periods.The onset of emergence for a species from year to year generally varied by less than 2 weeks. Peak emergence occurred at least 1‐2 weeks after the start ofthe emergence period.
Seasonal variation of sieving efficiency in a lotic habitat*
Authors: BARBER WILLARD E. , KEVERN N. R. 
Published: May 2006

SummarySieving efficiency, defined as the percent increase in yield of numbers or biomass of organisms, obtained by use of a sieve with 0‐25‐mm mesh openings instead of a 0‐50‐mm meshed sieve, was investigated in a lotic habitat over a 12‐month period. Greatest elficiencies obtained were 300 to 600% for mayflies, chironomids, simuliids, ‘other dipterans,’ water mites and plecopterans and 90 and 190% for trichopterans and coleopterans, respectively. For the fauna as a whole, efficiency varied from 95 to 325% over the study period.Efficiency in estimating biomass was not as great as that with numbers and generally was below 10% for trichopterans. mayflies, ‘other dipterans’, coleopterans and the fauna taken as a whole. For chironomids, simuliids and water mites efficiencies generally were higher than 10% and reached as high as 174%, 60% and 80%, respectively. In all groups efficiency varies throughout the year with lowest occurring during winter months.The findings are compared with data found in the literature and discussed in relation to structural, behavioural, and life history characters.