bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety levels in women undergoing prenatal maternal serum screening for Down syndrome: the effect of a fast reporting system by mobile phone short‐message service
Authors: Cheng Po‐Jen , Wu Tzong–Lin , Shaw Sheng‐Wen , Chueh Ho‐Yen , Lin Cheng‐Tao , Hsu Jenn‐Jeih , Hsieh T'sang‐T'ang , Soong Yung‐Kuei 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effect of fast reporting by mobile phone short‐message service (SMS) on anxiety levels in women undergoing prenatal biochemical screening for Down syndrome.MethodFrom January 2005 to December 2006, 2782 women undergoing prenatal biochemical serum screening were randomized into fast reporting by SMS (group A) or without mobile phone reporting (group B). Anxiety levels were measured with the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before prenatal screen testing, before the appointed clinic (when the SMS report had already been given to group A), and 3 days after the appointed clinic (when the full screening report had been given to groups A and B).ResultsFor screen‐negative women, anxiety scores did not differ between groups before prenatal screen testing and 3 days after the appointed clinic. The state‐anxiety scores measured on the second occasion had declined significantly in group A. The state‐anxiety scores in both groups increased over the 3‐week period after being informed of positive screen results. The trait‐ and state‐anxiety scores at all points did not differ between the two groups of screen‐positive women.ConclusionsThe provision of a routine reporting system plus additional SMS report revealed some overall benefits in reducing anxiety among women with screen‐negative result. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum ADAM12s in the late first trimester of pregnancies with Trisomy 21
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Cowans Nicholas J. , Stamatopoulou Anastasia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundADAM12s is a placenta‐derived glycoprotein that is involved in growth and differentiation, and has been shown to be a potential first‐trimester and second‐trimester marker of Trisomy 21 and other aneuploides. Maternal ADAM12s concentrations show a considerable temporal variation with gestational age and here we study the levels at 11–13 weeks of gestation to establish the effectiveness or otherwise at a time when other established markers are used.Materials and MethodsSamples collected as part of routine first‐trimester screening were retrieved from storage. In total, 46 samples from pregnancies with Trisomy 21 were identified and collected between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation—of these 83% had been identified by combined first‐trimester screening. A series of 414 gestational age‐matched samples collected during the same period formed the control group. ADAM12s was measured by a new DELFIA assay incorporating two monoclonals (6E6 and 8F8). Results were expressed as weight‐corrected multiples of the median (MoM).ResultsThe median MoM ADAM12s rose from 0.914 at 11 weeks to 1.032 at 13 weeks.ConclusionsCombining the data from this study and other published studies suggests that ADAM12s is unlikely to be of much additional value when screening for Trisomy 21 in the period 11–13 weeks. More studies are required looking at the potential of ADAM12s prior to 10 weeks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐sectional survey of herbal remedy taking by United Arab Emirate (UAE) citizens in Abu Dhabi
Authors: AlBraik Fatima Ali , Rutter Paul M , Brown David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine patterns of United Arab Emirates (UAE) citizen herbal medicine taking.MethodsQuestionnaire survey of UAE citizens attending a primary healthcare clinic in Abu Dhabi.ResultsThree hundred and thirty surveys were analysed. Seventy‐six per cent (250/330) had previously used herbal products, and of these 38% (94/248) were currently taking at least one herb. In total, 65 different herbs were being taken to treat 48 conditions. Respondents overwhelmingly felt herbal medicines were safe, yet 27 people reported experiencing an adverse drug reaction. Causality was not established because of multiple herbal use and a propensity for concurrent herbal and Western medicine taking. Respondents relied heavily on family and friends for advice and bought herbs from a ‘condimental shop’ (local herbal seller/healer). Despite high herbal use, respondents still preferred Western medicine to treat chronic diseases.ConclusionsThis study has shown that UAE nationals have faith and confidence in herbal medicines and are consequently high users of them despite the country's progressive adoption of Western approaches to health care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence to the immunomodulatory drugs for multiple sclerosis: contrasting factors affect stopping drug and missing doses
Authors: Tremlett Helen , Van der Mei Ingrid , Pittas Fotini , Blizzard Leigh , Paley Glenys , Dwyer Terence , Taylor Bruce , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term immunomodulatory drug (IMD) treatment is now common in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, predictors of adherence are not well understood; past studies lacked lifestyle factors such as alcohol use and predictors of missed doses have not been evaluated. We examined both levels of non‐adherence—stopping IMD and missing doses.MethodsThis longitudinal prospective study followed a population‐based cohort (n = 199) of definite MS patients in Southern Tasmania (January 2002 to April 2005, source population 226 559) every 6 months. Baseline factors (demographic, clinical, psychological and cognitive) affecting adherence were examined by logistic regression and a longitudinal analysis (generalized estimating equation (GEE)).ResultsOf the 97 patients taking an IMD (mean follow‐up = 2.4 years), 73% (71/97) missed doses, with 1 in 10 missing > 10 doses in any 6‐month period. Missed doses were positively associated with alcohol amount consumed per session (p = 0.008). A history of missed doses predicted future missed doses (p < 0.0005). Over one‐quarter (27/97) stopped their current IMD, which was associated with lower education levels (p = 0.032) and previous relapses (p = 0.05). No cognitive or psychological test predicted adherence.ConclusionsThere were few strong predictors of missed doses, although people with MS consuming more alcoholic drinks per session are at a higher risk of missing doses. Divergent factors influenced the two levels of non‐adherence indicating the need for a multifaceted approach to improving IMD adherence. In addition, missed doses should be assessed and incorporated into clinical trial design and clinical practice as poor adherers could impact on clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The whereabouts of transmembrane proteins from rat brain synaptosomes during two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Eravci Murat , Fuxius Sandra , Broedel Oliver , Weist Stephanie , Krause Eberhard , Stephanowitz Heike , Schluter Hartmut , Eravci Selda , Baumgartner Andreas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLittle is known about what happens to transmembrane proteins (TMP) in 2‐DE. In order to obtain more insight into the whereabouts of these proteins we prepared membrane‐enriched synaptosomes from rat frontal cortex and washed them with 7 M urea or Na2CO3. From each preparation, 200 µg protein was loaded on 2‐DE gels covering the 4–7 and 6–11 pH ranges, respectively. MALDI‐MS/MS analysis detected only 3 TMP among 421 identified spots. However, when the samples had been washed with Na2CO3, only few well‐focused spots remained detectable on the gel covering the pH 6–11 range. Instead, a heavily ruthenium‐stained smear became visible at the upper edge of the gel at the location where the samples had been applied by cup loading. LC‐MS/MS analysis revealed that this smear contained 38 unfocused TMP with up to 12 transmembrane helices. After transfer to the second dimension, no major areas of protein staining were left on the IPG strips. This indicates that after extraction and denaturation the TMP may form high‐molecular aggregates, due to their “hydrophobic interactions”. These aggregates enter the IPG strips, but do not focus regularly. They are then transferred onto the 2‐DE‐gels, where they remain caught at the upper edge.
Proteomics analysis of differential expression of cellular proteins in response to avian H9N2 virus infection in human cells
Authors: Liu Ning , Song Wenjun , Wang Pui , Lee Kimchung , Chan Wan , Chen Honglin , Cai Zongwei 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present the first proteomic analysis on the cellular responses to avian influenza virus (H9N2) infection in a human cell line in different time courses in order to search for target proteins for viral pathogenesis/adaptation studies. By using 2‐DE coupled with MALDI‐TOF MS and nano‐ESI‐MS/MS, we identified a set of differentially expressed cellular proteins, including cytoplasmic actin, cytokeratin, prohibitin, enoyl‐CoA hydratase, peptide‐prolyl cis–trans isomerase A (PPIase A), chloride intracellular channel protein 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, guanine nucleotide‐binding protein subunit beta, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, elongation factor 1‐beta and splicing factor, arginine/serine rich 1. The most significant changes in different time courses were found in cytoplasmic actin and cytokeratin, both of which constituted the major components of cytoskeleton network in the cells. The obtained data suggested a possible role of the cytoskeleton during avian influenza virus infection of mammalian cells, which might help for better understanding of the dynamics of avian influenza virus and host interaction in mammalian cell setting.
A proteome map of murine heart and skeletal muscle
Authors: Raddatz Katy , Albrecht Dirk , Hochgräfe Falko , Hecker Michael , Gotthardt Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe balance of hypertrophy and atrophy is critical for the adaptation of cardiac and skeletal muscle mass to the demands of the environment and when deregulated can cause disease. Here we have used a proteomics approach to generate protein reference maps for the mouse heart and skeletal muscle, which provide a molecular basis for future functional and pathophysiological studies. The reference map provides information on molecular mass, pI, and literature data on function and localization, to facilitate the identification of proteins based on their migration in 2‐D gels. In total, we have identified 351 cardiac and 284 skeletal muscle protein spots, representing 249 and 214 different proteins, respectively. In addition, we have visualized the protein pattern of mouse heart and skeletal muscle at defined conditions comparing knockout (KO) animals deficient in the sarcomeric protein titin (a genetic atrophy model) and control littermates. We found 20 proteins that were differently expressed linking titin's kinase region to the heat‐shock‐ and proteasomal stress response. Taken together, the established reference maps should provide a suitable tool to relate protein expression and PTM to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle disease using the mouse as an animal model.
Solitons and giants in matrix model
Authors: Andrić I. , Jonke L. , Jurman D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a method for solving BPS equations obtained in the collective‐field approach to matrix models. The method enables us to find BPS solutions and quantum excitations around these solutions in the one‐matrix model. These semiclassical solutions correspond to giant gravitons described by matrix models obtained in the framework of AdS/CFT correspondence.
Supersymmetry breaking
Authors: Bajc B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractI will describe a minimal supersymmetric SU(5) model, in which the adjoint multiplet breaks spontaneously both gauge and supersymmetry. This inevitably leads to intermediate scales, which in turn increase the GUT scale. The dimension 6 proton decay is thus suppressed, while soft terms coming from supergravity typically dominate.
Integrable systems from membranes on AdS4 × S7
Authors: Bozhilov P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe describe how Neumann and Neumann‐Rosochatius type integrable systems, as well as the continuous limit of the SU(2) integrable spin chain, can be obtained from membranes on AdS4 × S7 background, in the framework of AdS/CFT correspondence.
Superalgebra of Dirac‐type operators of the Euclidean Taub‐NUT space
Authors: Cotăescu I.I. , Visinescu M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Dirac theory in the Euclidean Taub‐NUT space gives rise to a large collection of conserved operators associated to genuine or hidden symmetries. They are involved in interesting algebraic structures as dynamical algebras or even superalgebras. One presents the properties of the superalgebra of the Dirac‐type operators produced by covariantly constant Killing‐Yano tensors on the Euclidean Taub‐NUT space.
Quantum cosmology and tachyons
Authors: Dimitrijevic D.D. , Djordjevic G.S. , Nesic Lj. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe discuss the relevance of the classical and quantum rolling tachyons inflation in the frame of the standard, p‐adic and adelic minisuperspace quantum cosmology. The field theory of tachyon matter proposed by Sen in a zero‐dimensional version suggested by Kar leads to a model of a particle moving in a constant external field with quadratic damping. We calculate the exact quantum propagator of the model, as well as, the vacuum states and conditions necessary to construct an adelic generalization.
Field theory on nonanticommutative superspace
Authors: Dimitrijević M. , Radovanović V. , Wess J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe discuss a deformation of the Hopf algebra of supersymmetry (SUSY) transformations based on a special choice of a twist. As usual, algebra itself remains unchanged, but the comultiplication changes. This leads to a deformed Leibniz rule for SUSY transformations. Superfields are multiplied by using a ☆‐product which is noncommutative, hermitian and finite when expanded in power series of the deformation parameter. One possible deformation of the Wess‐Zumino action is proposed and analysed in detail. Differently from most of the literature concerning this subject, we work in Minkowski space‐time.
Is dark energy an effect of averaging?
Authors: Li N. , Seikel M. , Schwarz D.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present standard model of cosmology states that the known particles carry only a tiny fraction of total mass and energy of the Universe. Rather, unknown dark matter and dark energy are the dominant contributions to the cosmic energy budget. We review the logic that leads to the postulated dark energy and present an alternative point of view, in which the puzzle may be solved by properly taking into account the influence of cosmic structures on global observables. We illustrate the effect of averaging on the measurement of the Hubble constant.
Spin network wavefunction and nonperturbative graviton propagator
Authors: Miković A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe show that if the flat‐spacetime wavefunction in the spin network basis of Loop Quantum Gravity has a large‐spin asymptotics given by a Gaussian function, then the corresponding graviton propagator has the correct large‐distance asymptotics nonperturbatively in the equal‐time limit.
Central charge contribution to noncommutativity
Authors: Nikolić B. , Sazdović B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the presence of antisymmetric Kalb‐Ramond field Bμν Dp‐brane, to which string endpoints are attached, is a noncommutative manifold. Adding linear dilaton field, Φ(x) = Φ0 + aμ xμ, the coordinate in the direction of dilaton gradient, xc = aμ xμ, becomes commutative, while the world‐sheet conformal factor F is a new noncommutative variable. In this article we demonstrate different approach to realization of quantum conformal invariance. We introduce Liouville action in such a way that world‐sheet conformal factor F does not spoil quantum conformal invariance and theory depends on arbitrary parameter, central charge c. Particular relations between background fields produce local gauge symmetries, which transform some of the Neumann into the Dirichlet boundary conditions decreasing the dimensionality of Dp‐brane.We introduce one methodological improvement regarding derivation of boundary conditions. Canonical Hamiltonian as a time translation generator must have well defined derivatives in coordinates and momenta. From this requirement we obtain boundary conditions directly in terms of canonical variables.
Single particle representation of parabose extension of conformal supersymmetry
Authors: Salom I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe consider generalized conformal supersymmetry constructed as parabose N = 4 algebra. It is shown that Green's ansatz representations have, in this context, natural interpretation as multi particle spaces. The simplest nontrivial representation is shown to correspond to a massless particle of arbitrary helicity, and some peculiar properties of this space are pointed out.
Non‐supersymmetric attractors and their stability
Authors: Tripathy P.K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSpherically symmetric, extremal black holes in a N = 2 supergravity theory coupled to vector multiplets, can be studied in terms of an effective black hole potential. Critical points of this effective potential give supersymmetry preserving as well as supersymmetry breaking black holes. We study explicit examples of non‐supersymmetric solutions, and discuss some subtle issues regarding their stability.
Induced gauge theory on a noncommutative space
Authors: Wohlgenannt M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe discuss the calculation of the 1‐loop effective action on four dimensional, canonically deformed Euclidean space. The theory under consideration is a scalar ϕ4 model with an additional oscillator potential. This model is known to be re normalisable. Furthermore, we couple an exterior gauge field to the scalar field and extract the dynamics for the gauge field from the divergent terms of the 1‐loop effective action using a matrix basis. This results in proposing an action for noncommutative gauge theory, which is a candidate for a renormalisable model.
Crystal structure of GH13 α‐glucosidase GSJ from one of the deepest sea bacteria
Authors: Shirai Tsuyoshi , Hung Vo Si , Morinaka Katsuhito , Kobayashi Tohru , Ito Susumu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe crystal structure of the GH13 α‐glucosidase (GSJ) from deep‐sea bacterium Geobacillus sp. strain HTA‐462 was determined to a 2.0 Å resolution. Comparisons of the GSJ structure with that of other GH13 enzymes with different catalytic activities revealed that the catalytic cleft of GSJ was widely opened when compared with the homologues. The wide opening of the catalytic cleft originated from conformational changes of active site residues and disorder of the regions close to the catalytic center. This structural feature of GSJ would explain the ability of this enzyme to accept a wide variety of nonsugar molecules as acceptors in the transglycosylation reaction. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioassay‐guided purification and identification of PPARα/γ agonists from Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Chou Yu‐Cheng , Prakash Ekambaranellore , Huang Chien‐Fu , Lien Tzu‐Wen , Chen Xin , Su Ih‐Jen , Chao Yu‐Sheng , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang , Hsu John Tsu‐An 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study isolated agonists of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) from the green algae Chlorella sorokiniana, using a bioassay‐guided purification strategy. PPARs are widely recognized as the molecular drug targets for many diseases including hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity and cancer. Two independent bioassays were developed. The first is the scintillation proximity assay, a ligand binding assay. The other is the cell‐based transcriptional activation assay which uses the Dual‐Luciferase® reporter system as the reporter gene under the control of the PPAR response element. Using these two assays, a PPARγ‐active fraction, CE 3‐3, was obtained from C. sorokiniana extracts, which was also able to activate PPARαmediated gene expression. To elucidate the active ingredients in the CE 3‐3 fraction, GC‐MS analysis was employed. The results showed that the CE 3‐3 fraction consisted of at least ten fatty acids (FAs). The bioactivities of several of the individual FAs were evaluated for their PPARγ activity and the results showed that linolenic acid and linoleic acid were the most potent FAs tested. Our studies indicate that Chlorella sorokiniana could have potential health benefits through the dual activation of PPARα/γ via its unique FA constituents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer phytotherapeutics: role for flavonoids at the cellular level
Authors: Kale Anup , Gawande Sonia , Kotwal Swati 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDietary foods and fruits possess an array of flavonoids with unique chemical structure and diverse bioactivities relevant to cancer. Numerous epidemiological studies have validated the inverse relation between the consumption of flavonoids and the risk of cancer. Flavonoids possess cancer blocking and suppressing effects. Flavonoids modulate various CYPs involved in carcinogen activation and scavenging reactive species formed from carcinogens by CYP‐mediated reactions. They induce biosynthesis of several CYPs. They are involved in the regulation of enzymes of phase‐II responsible for xenobiotic biotransformation and colon microflora. Since cytochromes P450, P‐gp and phase‐II enzymes are involved in the metabolism of drugs and in the processes of chemical carcinogenesis, interactions of flavonoids with these systems hold great promise for their therapeutic potential. The role of flavonoids also includes the inhibition of activation of pro‐carcinogens, inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells, selective death of cancer cells by apoptosis, inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, activation of immune response against cancer cells, modulation of the inflammatory cascade and the modulation of drug resistance. This has greatly extended the goal of cancer therapy from eradicating the affected cells to control of the cancer phenotype. Phytotherapy is being used in combination with other therapies as phytonutrients have been shown to work by nutrient synergy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ganoderma applanatum: a promising mushroom for antitumor and immunomodulating activity
Authors: Jeong Yong‐Tae , Yang Byung‐Keun , Jeong Sang‐Chul , Kim Sang‐Min , Song Chi‐Hyun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe antitumor effect of exo‐biopolymer (EXP) produced by Ganoderma applanatum was investigated using sarcoma‐180 bearing mice. EXP, when administered (10–80 mg/kg body weight: BW) intraperitoneally, significantly inhibited the growth of solid tumor and increased the natural killer (NK) cell activity. A dose of 40 mg/kg BW was found to be highly effective, as it reduced the tumor formation by 39.7%, and increased the NK cell activity of splenocytes by 51.6% compared with the control group. The complement activity of EXP was increased in accordance with an increase in concentration. The phosphatase activity of macrophages was increased by 0.7‐fold (200 µg/mL) compared with the control group. This EXP contained 58.9% carbohydrate and 17.1% protein. The major sugar of EXP was composed of mannose and glucose, while the protein mainly consisted of serine, glycine and aspartic acid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.