bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TWO FORMS OF LOVE: The Problem of Preferential Love in Kierkegaard's Works of Love
Authors: Krishek Sharon 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe duty to love one's neighbor as oneself is at the core of Kierkegaard's Works of Love. In this book, Kierkegaard unfolds the meaning of neighborly love and claims that it is the only valid form of true love. He contrasts between neighborly love and preferential love (which includes romantic love and friendship) and criticizes the latter for being nothing but a form of selfishness. However, in some contexts, Kierkegaard seems to acknowledge the significance of preferential love relationships, and does not disallow them. Therefore, his understanding of preferential love appears to be confused and inconsistent. My essay discusses the tension in Kierkegaard's position regarding preferential love, and by presenting recent readings of Works of Love, it asks whether this tension is resolvable and offers a suggestion for a possible solution.
THE MORALITY, POLITICS, AND IRONY OF WAR: Recovering Reinhold Niebuhr's Ethical Realism
Authors: Carlson John D. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe American experience of war is ironic. That is, there is often an intimate and unexamined relationship between seemingly contrary elements in war such as morality and politics. This article argues that without understanding such irony, we are unlikely to reflect in morally comprehensive ways on past, present, or future wars. Traditional schools of thought, however, such as moralism and political realism, reinforce these apparent contradictions. I propose, then, an alternative—“ethical realism” as informed by Reinhold Niebuhr—that better explains the irony of war. Through an ethical realist examination of the U.S. Civil War, World War II, and the Iraq War, I consider how American political interests have been inextricably linked with deep moral concerns. Ethical realism charts a middle path that ennobles traditionalrealpolitikwhile eschewing certain perfectionist tendencies of moralism. Ethical realism provides a conceptual framework for evaluating these other frameworks—a distinct form of moral‐political deliberation about war.
Arengomyia, new genus for the Colocasiomyia arenga species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with description of a new species
Authors: YAFUSO Masako , TODA Masanori J. , SEMBEL Dantje T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe arenga species group, hitherto consisting of three species, Colocasiomyia arenga, C. pararenga and C. sagittata, is separated from the genus Colocasiomyia, and established as the new genus Arengomyia Yafuso and Toda, gen. nov. Of the three species, C. pararenga Okada, 1990 is synonymized with C. arenga (Okada, 1987). A new species, Arengomyia xanthopleura Yafuso and Toda, sp. nov., is also described. Supplementary descriptions and revisions of some morphological characters are also provided for the known species.
Phylogenetic relationships of subgenera of the genus Exorista Meigen, with a revision of the Japanese species (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: TACHI Takuji , SHIMA Hiroshi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of the subgenera of Exorista Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) are inferred from morphological data. Our results show that the genus Exorista is not monophyletic and that members of the subgenus Spixomyia Crosskey are divided into two clades. Each subgenus is redefined based on male and female morphological features. The Japanese species of Exorista are revised and classified into five subgenera: Adenia Robineau‐Desvoidy, Exorista Meigen, Podotachina Brauer and Bergenstamm, Ptilotachina Brauer and Bergenstamm, and Spixomyia Crosskey. Thirteen species are recognized, including two newly recorded species, Exorista (Adenia) cuneata Herting and Exorista (Spixomyia) lepis Chao. Exorista cantans Mesnil is transferred to the subgenus Podotachina from Spixomyia.
Lafutidine versus Lansoprazole in Combination with Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin for One versus Two Weeks for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Korea
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Park Soo‐Heon , Seo Geom Seog , Lee Sang Woo , Kim Jae Woo , Lee Kwang Jae , Shin Won‐Chang , Kim Tae Nyeun , Park Moo‐In , Park Jong‐Jae , Hong Su Jin , Shim Ki‐Nam , Kim Sang Wook , Shin Yong‐Woon , Chang Young‐Woon , Chun Hoon Jai , Lee Ok‐Jae , Jeon Won‐Joong , Park Chan‐Guk , Cho Chang‐Min , Park Cheol Hee , Won Sun Young , Lee Gin Hyug , Park Kyung Sik , Shin Jeong Eun , Kim Heung Up , Park Joon Yong , Chae Hiun Suk , Song Geun Am , Kim Jae Gyu , Yoon Byung Chul , Seol Sangyong , Jung Hyun Chae , Chung In‐Sik 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aims: Lafutidine is a novel H2‐receptor antagonist with gastroprotective activity that includes enhancement of gastric mucosal blood flow. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of 7‐ or 14‐day lafutidine–clarithromycin–amoxicillin therapy versus a lansoprazole‐based regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication.Methods: Four hundred and sixty‐three patients with H. pylori‐infected peptic ulcer disease were randomized to one of four regimens: (1) lafutidine (20 mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.) and amoxicillin (1000 mg b.i.d.) for 7 days (the 7LFT group) or (2) for 14 days (the 14LFT group); (3) lansoprazole (30 mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.), and amoxicillin (1000 mg b.i.d.) for 7 days (the 7LPZ group); or (4) for 14 days (the 14LPZ group). The eradication rates, drug compliance, and adverse effects among the four regimens were compared.Results: The eradication rates by the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses in the 7LFT and 7LPZ groups were 76.5% and 81.6%, and 76.9% and 82.0% (p = .94 and .95), respectively. The eradication rates by intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses in the 14LFT and 14LPZ groups were 78.2% and 82.2%, and 80.4% and 85.9% (p = .70 and .49), respectively. The treatment duration for 7 days or 14 days did not affect the eradication rates. In addition, the adverse effect rates and discontinuation rates were similar among the four groups. Furthermore, the ulcer cure rate and symptom response rate were similar in the lafutidine and lansoprazole groups.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that lafutidine–clarithromycin–amoxicillin therapy was a safe and effective as lansoprazole‐based triple therapy for the eradication rate of H. pylori, and could be considered as an additional treatment option.
Failure of Helicobacter pylori Treatment After Regimes Containing Clarithromycin: New Practical Therapeutic Options
Authors: Sanches Bruno , Coelho Luiz , Moretzsohn Luciana , Vieira Gerival 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFailure of Helicobacter pylori treatment is a growing problem in daily practice.Aim:  To evaluate the efficacy of two new regimes as second‐line options in a randomized and prospective study.Methods:  Patients in whom a first eradication regime containing clarithromycin had failed were included. After performing gastroscopy and a 13C‐urea breath test (UBT), the patients were randomized to receive a combination of 20 mg of rabeprazole, 500 mg of levofloxacin, and 200 mg (two tablets) of furazolidone administered once daily for 10 days (RLF) or the combination of 20 mg of rabeprazole, 120 mg (two tablets) of bismuth subcitrate, 100 mg of doxycycline, and 200 mg of furazolidone, administered twice daily for 10 days (RBDF). Clinical examinations and new UBT were performed 60 days after therapy.Results:  Sixty patients were included (mean age, 46 years, 57% females). Two patients were excluded: one because of adverse effects and another as a result of protocol violation. Compliance was similar in both groups (90% took all medications correctly). Side‐effects (96% mild) were observed in 87% of the patients and were comparable between groups, except diarrhea, which was more frequent in group RLF (p= .025). Intention‐to‐treat cure rates were 77% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62–93%) in the RLF group and 83% (95% CI: 68–97%) in the RBDF group (p= .750). Per‐protocol cure rates were 80% (95% CI: 65–95%) in the RLF group and 82% (95% CI: 67–96%) in the RBDF group (p= 1.0).Conclusions:  Both once‐daily triple (rabeprazole, levofloxacin, and furazolidone) and twice‐daily quadruple therapy (rabeprazole, bismuth subcitrate, doxycycline, and furazolidone) for 10 days achieved encouraging results. Subsequent studies should be performed to evaluate antibiotic resistance, doses, dosing intervals, duration of treatment, and safety of these two regimes.
The Making of an Investment Banker: Stock Market Shocks, Career Choice, and Lifetime Income
Authors: OYER PAUL 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTI show that stock market shocks have important and lasting effects on the careers of MBAs. Stock market conditions while MBA students are in school have a large effect on whether they go directly to Wall Street upon graduation. Further, starting on Wall Street immediately upon graduation causes a person to be more likely to work there later and to earn, on average, substantially more money. The empirical results suggest that investment bankers are largely “made” by circumstance rather than “born” to work on Wall Street.
Do Investors Overweight Personal Experience? Evidence from IPO Subscriptions
Authors: KAUSTIA MARKKU , KNÜPFER SAMULI 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWe find a strong positive link between past IPO returns and future subscriptions at the investor level in Finland. Our setting allows us to trace this effect to the returns personally experienced by investors; the effect is not explained by patterns related to the IPO cycle, or wealth effects. This behavior is consistent with reinforcement learning, where personally experienced outcomes are overweighted compared to rational Bayesian learning. The results provide a microfoundation for the argument that investor sentiment drives IPO demand. The paper also contributes to understanding how popular investment styles develop, and has implications for the marketing of financial products.
Estimating the Intertemporal Risk–Return Tradeoff Using the Implied Cost of Capital
Authors: PÁSTOR ĽUBOŠ , SINHA MEENAKSHI , SWAMINATHAN BHASKARAN 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWe argue that the implied cost of capital (ICC), computed using earnings forecasts, is useful in capturing time variation in expected stock returns. First, we show theoretically that ICC is perfectly correlated with the conditional expected stock return under plausible conditions. Second, our simulations show that ICC is helpful in detecting an intertemporal risk–return relation, even when earnings forecasts are poor. Finally, in empirical analysis, we construct the time series of ICC for the G–7 countries. We find a positive relation between the conditional mean and variance of stock returns, at both the country level and the world market level.
Atrial Flutter Ablation in Inducible Patients during Pulmonary Vein Atrum Isolation: A Randomized Comparison
Authors: SCHMIDT MARTIN , DACCARETT MARCOS , SEGERSON NATHAN , AIREY KELLY J. , GÜNTHER JENS , MARSCHANG HARALD , FISH ERIC , RITTGER HARALD , SINHA ANIL‐MARTIN , RITSCHER GUIDO , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , MARROUCHE NASSIR F. 
Published: November 2008

Background:

The incidence of atrial flutter (AFL) post pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to be between 8% and 20%. The need for right or left AFL ablation during the initial PVAI procedure remains controversial. We prospectively compared mapping and ablation versus no ablative treatment of inducible AFL during PVAI.
Methods and Results:

In 220 patients (167 men, mean age 56 ± 15 years) with symptomatic AF presenting for PVAI, burst pacing from the high right atrium and coronary sinus was performed to determine AFL inducibility. A total of 25 patients with sustained (17 patients) or reproducible (eight patients) AFL were included in this study. Patients were randomized to mapping and ablation of AFL using the CARTO 3D mapping system (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) versus no further ablation. Typical AFL was induced in 48% of the patients. During a follow‐up of 12 ± 4 months, recurrences were determined by serial 48‐h Holter and event monitors. Recurrence rates, time to recurrence, and AFL cycle length differences between both groups were not statistically significant.
Conclusion:

These data suggest that inducibility of AFL post PVAI does not predict long‐term incidence of AFL. Moreover, this study demonstrates little benefit to mapping and ablation of these arrhythmias during the PVAI procedures.
Interatrial Septum Thickness and Difficulty with Transseptal Puncture during Redo Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: TOMLINSON DAVID R. , SABHARWAL NIKANT , BASHIR YAVER , BETTS TIMOTHY R. 
Published: November 2008

Background:

Patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently require redo procedures, but there are no data reporting interatrial septum thickness (IAS) and difficulty during repeat transseptal puncture (TSP).
Methods:

Patients undergoing two separate AF ablation procedures had preprocedural fossa ovalis (FO) thickness measured using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). “Difficult” TSP was defined by two observers as requiring excessive force, or conversion to TEE guidance.
Results:

The study comprised 42 patients (37 male) with mean ± SD age 55 ± 9 years. Mean FO thickness was significantly greater at the time of redo TSP (2.2 ± 1.6 mm vs 2.6 ± 1.5 mm at redo, P = 0.03); however, this finding was limited to those who underwent initial dual transseptal sheath procedures, FO thickness 2.0 ± 1.5 mm and 2.5 ± 1.4 mm for TEE 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.048). There was a trend for more frequent difficult redo TSP procedures, 7/42 (17%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8–31) redo, versus 4/42 (10%; 95% CI 3–23) first TSP. On univariate analysis, FO thickness was not predictive of TSP difficulty; the only predictor of difficult redo TSP was diabetes.
Conclusions:

IAS thickness at the FO increased following catheter ablation of AF, yet on subgroup analysis this was limited to initial procedures utilizing dual transseptal sheaths. There was a trend toward more frequent difficulty during redo TSP, yet this was not associated with FO thickening. Diabetes may predispose to difficulty during redo TSP; this finding requires confirmation in a larger study population.
Does Atrial Fibrillation Beget Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: SANKARANARAYANAN RAJIV , JAMES MICHAEL A. , NUTA BOGDAN , TOWNSEND MANDIE , KESAVAN SUJATA , BURTCHAELL STEPHANIE , HOLLOWAY RUSSELL , EWINGS, B.Sc., M.Sc. PAUL 
Published: November 2008

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased mortality and a higher complication rate postmyocardial infarction (MI), but the exact mechanisms are unknown. We investigated whether AF predisposes to ventricular arrhythmia in postmyocardial infarct patients, thereby accounting for increased mortality.
Methods:

Five hundred consecutive patients admitted to our coronary care unit with acute MI were monitored for in‐hospital arrhythmias. Detailed information was also compiled on past history, co‐morbidities, electrolyte disturbances, drug therapies, and ejection fraction. Mortality data were collected for an average of 5.5 years.
Results:

The results have shown that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) is much greater in patients presenting with AF (P = 0.03) and multivariate analysis has shown that AF is independently associated with the development of VF. This association occurs principally in patients who are admitted with AF (P = 0.01) rather than those who develop it during their admission, although these patients are also at mildly increased risk. The increased incidence of VF does account for increased mortality in the AF patients but does not explain all of their excess risk. There was no association between AF and ventricular tachycardia (VT); P = 0.50.
Conclusions:

In conclusion, AF on admission to the hospital with acute MI is associated with an increased risk of VF and subsequent mortality.
Environmental Anthropology Engaging Permaculture: Moving Theory and Practice Toward Sustainability
Authors: Veteto James R. , Lockyer Joshua 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUsing a variety of theoretical rubrics, recent work in ecological and environmental anthropology has revealed that human–environment interactions within the context of global capitalism are complex and have increasingly unjust and unsustainable outcomes. As globalization proceeds and associated socio‐environmental problems become clear, it is important that ecological and environmental anthropologists use empirical research to develop both theoretical and practical approaches to addressing the sustainability challenge. We suggest that an anthropological engagement with permaculture represents an especially timely opportunity for anthropologists to move toward sustainability in ways that complement and enable us to extend our traditional areas of theoretical and practical expertise. Permaculture is a development strategy that has a history of grassroots application, but it has been largely ignored by mainstream development practitioners and anthropologists alike. We argue that permaculture deserves a closer look. In this article, we trace the historical development of permaculture, provide examples of permaculture in practice in an ecovillage context, identify compatible areas of research within environmental anthropology, and make suggestions for engagement.
Clinical and radiographic characteristics of single‐tooth replacements preceded by local ridge augmentation: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meijndert L. , Raghoebar G. M. , Meijer H. J. A. , Vissink A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives: To assess in a randomized‐clinical trial the influence of three augmentation techniques (chinbone with or without a Bio‐Gide® membrane and Bio‐Oss® with a Bio‐Gide® membrane) on the clinical and radiographic characteristics of hard and soft tissues around implants and adjacent teeth in the reconstructed maxillary anterior region, up to 1 year after functional loading.Materials and methods: Ninety‐three patients requesting single‐tooth replacement and presenting with a horizontal (bucco‐palatinal) bone deficiency were included. After augmentation, 93 ITI‐EstheticPlus implants were placed. Clinical variables, standardized photographs and radiographs were analysed to assess the impact on the levels of the marginal gingiva (MGL) and marginal bone (MBL) around implants and adjacent teeth, viz at pre‐augmentation, pre‐implantation (TPI) and 1 (T1) and 12 (T12) months after final crown placement.Results: Implant survival was 97.8%. No significant differences were observed in the treatment outcomes of the three augmentation modalities. Combining the three modalities, a slight but significant increase in the implants approximal pocket depth was found between T1 and T12. Approximal bone loss at the implant between T1 and T12 was 0.14 ± 0.76 mm (mesial) and 0.14 ± 0.47 mm (distal); the approximal MGL slightly increased (mesial: 0.24 ± 0.46 mm, distal: 0.25 ± 0.66 mm), and the buccal MGL decreased (0.11 ± 0.61 mm). Bone loss at the adjacent teeth, although minor, was significant between TPI and T1. No correlations were observed in changes of MBL and MGL.Conclusions: None of the three applied augmentation technique procedures influenced the characteristics of the MGL and MBL or the implant survival of single‐tooth replacements. Peri‐implant hard and soft tissues were very stable in the first year after loading.
Implants in fresh extraction sockets: a prospective 5‐year follow‐up clinical study
Authors: Botticelli Daniele , Renzi Antonio , Lindhe Jan , Berglundh Tord 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the 5‐year clinical outcome of the ‘immediate implants.’Material and methods: One week after the cementation of the prosthesis, a clinical baseline examination was carried out. Clinical measurements were performed of the following: plaque, mucositis, probing pocket depth, and soft tissue position. The height of the keratinized mucosa was measured at the buccal/lingual aspects. Standardized intra‐oral radiographs were taken. The marginal level of bone to implant contact [radiographic (Rx) bone level] was measured, and Rx bone level change over time was evaluated. The clinical/radiographic measurements were repeated on a yearly basis. The subjects were enrolled in a carefully supervised oral hygiene program.Results and conclusion: It was demonstrated that ‘immediate implants’ that were loaded after 5–7 months had a high success rate. During the 5‐year interval, no implant was lost, and the mean Rx bone level at the implants was maintained or even improved. The plaque and mucositis scores were low (<20%) at baseline and at all re‐examinations. Implant sites located adjacent to the teeth showed bone gain during the initial period while sites that were facing edentulous zones lost some bone.
Tibial versus iliac bone grafts: a comparative examination in 15 freshly preserved adult cadavers
Authors: Gerressen Marcus , Prescher Andreas , Riediger Dieter , Van Der Ven David , Ghassemi Alireza 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPurpose: We compared autogenous bone grafts from the proximal tibia and the anterior iliac crest under standardized conditions with regard to the attainable bone amount and the histological bone density.Material and methods: In 15 freshly preserved adult cadavers, a corticocancellous block graft from the anterior iliac crest and a purely cancellous transplant from the tibia of the homolateral side were harvested respectively, with the length of the skin incision set at 6 cm for the iliac and at 3.5 cm for the tibial approach. The size of the iliac graft was defined to be between 1/3 and 1/4 of the total iliac length. At the medial tibia the maximum possible amount of cancellous bone was collected after preparation of a cortical lid. For volume determination grafts were cautiously cut up and then put in a water‐filled measuring cylinder. In addition, bone density was measured by histomorphometry. The received data were statistically evaluated using the t‐test for related samples at P=0.05 and Pearson's correlation analysis.Results: From both donor sites approximately equal amounts of bone were available. This result is neither dependent on age nor on gender. In contrast, bone density turned out significantly higher in the iliac graft, with the difference showing a significant age dependence (r=−0.556).Conclusions: Provided that no cortical transplants are needed, cancellous tibial bone grafts offer an appropriate alternative to the classic iliac bone graft, especially in elderly patients.
Risk factors for tooth loss in an adult population: a radiographic study
Authors: Bahrami Golnosh , Væth Michael , Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte , Wenzel Ann , Isidor Flemming 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for tooth loss during a 5‐year period in a randomly selected Danish population.Material and Methods: In 1997 and 2003, 473 randomly selected adults received a full‐mouth radiographic examination. The total number of teeth was 12,444. For each tooth, the following information was recorded from the radiographs: marginal bone level, filling, crown, root canal post, root filling, apicectomy, periapical status and caries lesion. Unconditional and conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for tooth loss.Results: During the study period, 107 teeth in 60 individuals were lost. On the individual level, reduced marginal bone level and apical periodontitis (AP) were highly associated with tooth loss. On the tooth level, a reduced marginal bone level, AP and apicectomy were strongly associated with tooth loss. Canines were not lost often, whereas tooth loss was more frequently observed in molars and premolars than in incisors.Conclusions: A reduced marginal bone level and AP were associated with tooth loss over time. Furthermore, there was a higher risk of tooth loss in the posterior regions than in the anterior region.