bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebound caloric nystagmus
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Pieri Albert , Krol Glenn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRebound caloric nystagmus (RCN), a distinctly different phenomenon from secondary phase nystagmus (SPN), was serendipitously discovered during the course of routine neurotological evaluations. RCN occurred when the horizontal semicircular canal was brought into a truly horizontal plane after the primary phase nystagmus (PPN) had ended. The maximum slow‐phase velocities (SPVMax) of both PPN and RCN were almost identical. The pathological lesion was an Arnold‐Chiari malformation (ACM). Two other patients with posterior fossa lesions also showed RCN. To determine if RCN is an unrecognized normal phenomenon, 11 healthy subjects were tested. The average SPV of RCN in normals was 0.7 degrees per second. Such a small value of RCN is probably of no significance. It therefore appears that RCN is a sign of posterior fossa neuroaxial lesions.
Configuration of the glottis in laryngeal paralysis. I: Clinical study
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is widely accepted in the American literature that the cricothyroid muscle is responsible for the paramedian position of the vocal fold in recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. However, support in the literature for this theory is not conclusive, and the cadaveric vocal fold position expected after lesions of the vagus nerve has also been reported in patients with an intact superior laryngeal nerve. This study compares the configuration of the glottis in patients with unilateral paralysis due to known lesions of either the recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve. Normal subjects were studied as controls. Results indicate that the alteration of glottic configuration in laryngeal paralysis cannot be adequately characterized by standard terms of vocal fold position. The paralyzed vocal fold is shortened, with anterior rotation of the arytenoid. Patients with vagus nerve lesions had a statistically insignificant tendency for a more lateral vocal fold position, but a discrete difference in position between the two groups was not identified. This study also confirms prior observations that paralyzed vocal folds are frequently not denervated. These findings have significant implications for management of laryngeal paralysis.
The radiographic incidence of chronic sinus disease in the pediatric population
Authors: Lesserson Jonathan A. , Kieserman Stefan P. , Finn Douglas G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe otolaryngologist is frequently consulted for paranasal sinus disease which has been identified as an incidental finding on computed tomography (CT) in children. The significance of such a finding is difficult to interpret without prior knowledge of the actual incidence of chronic sinus mucosal hypertrophy in the general pediatric population.In this study of pediatric CT scans from busy otolaryngology and ophthalmology clinics, the radiographic incidence of sinus disease in the general pediatric population is estimated. One hundred forty‐two CT scans of the orbits and temporal bones obtained over an 18‐month period were reviewed. Fifty‐eight (41%) scans showed some mucosal thickening or opacification in at least one sinus. When patients were stratified by age, or by the presence or absence of chronic otitis media or respiratory tract disease, exclusive of clinical sinusitis, there was no statistical difference between groups.The authors conclude that the asymptomatic child with an incidental paranasal sinus finding on CT scan need not be worked up further unless clinical symptoms and signs are elicited.
Auditory evoked potentials at 40 Hz (SSR40Hz) in post‐trauma coma patients
Authors: Serafini G. , Acra W. , Scuteri F. , Palmieri A. M. R. , Simoncelli C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors evaluated auditory evoked steady state rest potentials at 40 Hz (SSR40Hz) in 21 posttrauma coma patients and compared their predictive value for prognosis of survival and quality of life with the results of the electroencephalogram (EEG), the computed tomography (CT) scan, and the Glasgow Coma Scale. SSR40Hz potentials recorded immediately after trauma had a maximum (100%) sensibility and specificity for a fatal prognosis and a high value for life prognosis. Consequently they appear to be a useful parameter for deciding on organ explant procedures. The EEG was more reliable in predicting a quality of life prognosis.
Reserpine inhibits the nak ATPase activity of the stria vascularis in the cochlea
Authors: Kanoh Naoyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe function of the stria vascularis in the cochlea is believed to be the production of endolymph. The mechanisms that maintain or control the function of the stria vascularis, however, remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of one‐shot reserpine administration on the NaK ATPase activity of the stria vascularis in guinea pigs were investigated. NaK ATPase activity was shown to be completely inhibited 3 to 20 days after reserpinization, and was detectable again 60 days after reserpinization. As reserpine is an adrenergic neuron blocker, these results suggest that catecholamines may play an essential role in the maintenance or control of NaK ATPase activity, and that the stria vascularis may be one of the target organs of catecholamines.
Acidic and basic FGF mRNA expression in the middle ear mucosa during experimental acute and chronic otitis media
Authors: Koutnouyan Hrair A. , Ryan Allen F. , Baird Andrew 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) induce the proliferation and differentiation of cells of mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin. Using in situ hybridization, messenger ribonucleic acid encoding acidic FGF, basic FGF and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) were localized in the middle ear mucosa of experimental animals with acute and chronic immunemediated otitis media with effusion (OME). Basic FGF‐labeled cells were seen in the subepithelial connective tissue layer (SE) preferentially near the epithelial basement membrane. Acidic FGF‐labeled cells were seen in the SE, preferentially near blood vessels and occasionally in the cellular middle ear effusion (CE). FGFR1‐labeled cells were seen in the SE and in the CE. The distribution of labeled cells in the middle ear suggests that basic FGF is produced by fibroblasts, acidic FGF is produced by leukocytes, and FGFR1 is produced by both fibroblasts and leukocytes. A role is proposed for these peptides in the proliferation and maintenance of the middle ear submucosa during otitis media.
The head and neck manifestations of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Brennan Joseph A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma that may progress to involve lymph nodes, the spleen, and other visceral organs. We have retrospectively reviewed our 10‐year experience with MF at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Forty‐five patients received treatment for MF between 1983 and 1992. Approximately 70% of the patients with MF presented with cutaneous or extracutaneous lesions of the head and neck. The head and neck manifestations, clinical assessment, and treatment of our patient population are presented. Mycosis fungoides is a potentially lethal disease that frequently involves the head and neck region and should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous head and neck lesions.
Endolymphatic sac tumors: Histopathologic confirmation, clinical characterization, and implication in von hippel‐lindau disease
Authors: Megerian Cliff A. , Mckenna Michael J. , Nuss Roger C. , Maniglia Anthony J. , Ojemann Robert G. , Pilch Ben Z. , Nadol Joseph B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe term “endolymphatic sac tumor” (ELST) was coined to identify the likely origin of aggressive papillary tumors of the temporal bone. To evaluate the validity of this designation, the temporal bone collection at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary was accessed in an effort to determine the pathologic relationship between these tumors and the endolymphatic sac. The search resulted in the identification of a de‐novo papillary epithelial lesion arising within the confines of the endolymphatic sac in a patient with von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease who harbored a large, destructive ELST in the opposite temporal bone. This finding provides the most substantial evidence to date regarding the origin of the ELST and the accuracy of its nomenclature.Seven additional clinical cases of ELST were identified and analyzed in order to define the natural history of these tumors. All patients had a history of sensorineural hearing loss diagnosed an average of 10.6 years prior to tumor discovery. The presence of a polypoid external auditory canal mass, facial paralysis, and evidence of a destructive mass arising on the posterior fossa surface of the temporal bone were common physical and radiographic findings. The management of these patients, as well as those who are probably prone to such tumors (i.e., VHL patients), is discussed.
Function preservation in stage III squamous laryngeal carcinoma: Results with an induction chemotherapy protocol
Authors: De Andréas L. , Brunet J. , Léapez‐Pousa A. , Burguéas J. , Quer M. , Leóan X. , Guedea F. , Vega M. , Mesíaa R. , Líapez J.J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUntil recently, standard treatment for stage III laryngeal carcinoma (LC) was total laryngectomy and radiotherapy. Recent data suggest that induction chemotherapy (ICH) plays a role in preserving function in advanced head and neck cancer. No reports to date prospectively evaluate ICH exclusively in stage III LC. The authors designed a sequential phase II trial to assess if ICH allowed a conservative treatment in this disease. The objective of the first part of the study was to rule out a complete response rate with ICH below 30% with P≤.05. ICH protocol consisted of three courses of cisplatin 100 mg/M2 on day 1 and 5‐fluorouracil 5000 mg/M2 continuous infusion over 120 hours. Radiotherapy was administered to patients who attained a complete response (CR). Functional surgery (FS) was planned for patients with partial response. A total laryngectomy followed by radiotherapy was performed when FS was not feasible. Fifty‐two previously untreated patients (all males) with squamous stage III LC were diagnosed in our institution, and 46 were entered in the ICH trial. After 9 patients were included, data showed 7 (78%) CR, ruling out a CR rate of less than 30%. After ICH, a CR was achieved in 29 (63%) of 46 patients. At the end of treatment, 35 patients (76%) had a functioning larynx. With a median follow‐up of 3 years, larynx function was preserved in 26 (57%) of 46 patients and in 64% of survivors. Four‐year actuarial larynx function preservation, overall survival, and disease‐free survival were 55%, 77%, and 67%, respectively. Karnofsky performance score over 80% was the only significant prognostic factor in overall survival (94% at 4 years) and disease‐free survival (78% at 4 years). In conclusion, the authors believe that ICH followed by response‐related second treatment is safe and effective in preserving laryngeal function in stage in LC. There is no evidence of worsening survival.
Incidence, timing, and importance of tracheoesophageal prosthesis resizing for successful tracheoesophageal speech production
Authors: Leder Steven B. , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Blom‐Singer method of tracheoesophageal (TE) speech restoration is a proven alternative to esophageal and electrolaryngeal speech in patients with total laryngectomy. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence and timing of TE prosthesis resizing, amount of change in prosthesis length, etiologies associated with resizing, and importance of long‐term professional follow‐up for maintenance of successful TE speech production. Participants were 26 individuals with total laryngectomy and secondary TE puncture. Results indicated that all 18 participants available for long‐term follow‐up required TE prosthesis resizing, and multiple resizings were required in 87% of the routinely followed participants. In 14 participants the prostheses were resized shorter (sample mean [X] = −0.7 cm); in 3, longer (x = +0.5 cm); and in 1, from a duckbill to a lowpressure prosthesis of the same size. The mean number of days from initial measurement and fitting to first prosthesis resizing was 26. The importance of collaboration between the speech‐language pathologist and otolaryngologist and need for long‐term follow‐up for successful maintenance of TE speech are stressed. Cost containment of rehabilitation services using the indwelling TE prosthesis is demonstrated.
A murine model for the immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hier M.P. , Black M.J. , Shenouda G. , Sadeghi N. , Karp S.E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA murine model for the immunotherapy of head and neck cancer was established. The AT‐84 tumor, a spontaneously arising oral squamous cell tumor of C3H mice, was evaluated for susceptibility to lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells. In vitro chromium‐release assays demonstrated that AT‐84 is sensitive to LAK‐cell‐mediated killing. Furthermore, in vivo experiments employing a lung metastasis model demonstrated a 50% reduction in the number of metastases in LAK‐cell‐treated mice as compared with untreated controls (P2=.001). These experiments showed that AT‐84 is an appropriate model for the immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. This model should be invaluable for further study of the mechanisms involved in immune‐mediated therapy of head and neck cancer.
Functional outcome after surgery for prevention of pharyngospasms in tracheoesophageal speakers. Part II: Swallow characteristics
Authors: Pauloski Barbara Roa , Logemann Jerilyn A. , Blom Eric D. , Hamaker Ronald C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe swallowing function of 29 patients with primary tracheoesophageal puncture who received either a pharyngeal constrictor myotomy, a unilateral pharyngeal plexus neurectomy, or a unilateral pharyngeal plexus neurectomy with a small drainage myotomy limited to the cricopharyngeus was studied. Swallowing function data were collected on each patient at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery using videofluoroscopy. Differences in swallowing function among the treatment groups were primarily the amounts and loci of oral and pharyngeal residues. The differing patterns of bolus residue may reflect the different mechanisms that were affected by the various procedures. Despite significant changes in some swallow measures, the patients did not complain of dysphagia. Oropharyngoesophageal swallow efficiency ndash a clinical measure that weighs the amount of bolus swallowed by total transit time ndash fell within normal limits for each patient group at each evaluation. This measure may be a better index of the patients' perceived normal swallow than the component variables of residue and transit times would suggest.
The Histone Deubiquitinating Enzyme Ubp10 Is Involved in rDNA Locus Control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Affecting Sir2p Association
Authors: Calzari Luciano , Orlandi Ivan , Alberghina Lilia , Vai Marina 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Histone modifications influence chromatin structure and thus regulate the accessibility of DNA to replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. We show here that the histone deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp10 contributes to the formation/maintenance of silenced chromatin at the rDNA by affecting Sir2p association.
emb-4Is a Conserved Gene Required for Efficient Germline-Specific Chromatin Remodeling DuringCaenorhabditis elegansEmbryogenesis
Authors: Checchi Paula M , Kelly William G 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn C. elegans, germline blastomeres are initially kept transcriptionally quiescent by the maternally loaded CCCH zinc-finger protein PIE-1. PIE-1 disappears upon the birth of the primordial germ cells Z2 and Z3, yet these cells appear to remain quiescent. We have previously demonstrated that there is a chromatin-based repression that succeeds PIE-1 degradation. The chromatin in Z2/Z3 loses certain histone modifications, including histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2), a conserved marker for transcriptionally competent chromatin. We find that mutations in the maternal-effect gene emb-4 cause defects in both PIE-1 degradation and germline-specific chromatin remodeling. emb-4 encodes a highly conserved protein with orthologs in fly, mouse, and human and has a subtle role in Notch signaling. The embryonic phenotype of emb-4 is consistent with a defect in the efficient and timely activation of developmental programs, including germline chromatin remodeling. We also find that, as in early somatic blastomeres, the degradation of PIE-1 in Z2/Z3 is facilitated by zinc-finger-interacting protein ZIF-1, and in the absence of either zif-1 or emb-4, PIE-1 is abnormally retained in Z2/Z3.
Challenges in the Use of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Van Cutsem Eric 
Published: October 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the activity of EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer.Discuss planned studies.Discuss adverse events of EGFR inhibitors.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Genomics and the Impact of New Technologies on the Management of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Harkin D. Paul 
Published: October 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the genomic techniques that can determine gene expression in clinical samples.Explain how these genomic techniques can be used in preclinical drug development.Discuss the evolving role of genomic techniques in clinical medicine.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
The Histamine-Induced Enhanced Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 by Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblasts is Inhibited by Levocetirizine
Authors: Petecchia Loredana , Serpero Laura , Silvestri Michela , Sabatini Federica , Scarso Lucia , Rossi Giovanni A. 
Published: October 2006

Background Histamine, a key chemical mediator in allergic reaction, exhibits an array of pro-inflammatory effects that include the activation of fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether histamine could stimulate nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts to express vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, a surface molecule involved in structural-inflammatory cell interaction and whether levocetirizine could inhibit this induction. Methods Primary nasal polyp tissue-derived fibroblasts were stimulated with histamine (10–1000 μM) or interleukin (IL)-4 plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (0.5–5 ng/mL) and VCAM-1 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. The inhibitory effect of the selective H1-antagonist levocetirizine (0.01–10.0μM) on VCAM-1 expression was also tested. Results Compared with unstimulated cultures, histamine or IL-4 + TNF-α, at the highest concentrations tested, significantly increase VCAM-1 expression (p < 0.05). To evaluate the ability of levocetirizine to downregulate VCAM-1 expression, fibroblasts were stimulated with histamine (1000 μM) or IL-4 + TNF-α (5 ng/mL), in the presence of the drug (0.01–10.0 μM). The histamine-induced VCAM-1 expression was effectively inhibited by levocetirizine (0.1–10.0 μM) (p < 0.05). No effect of the drug on IL-4 + TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression was observed. Conclusions Histamine upregulates VCAM-1 expression on nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts and this phenomenon, relevant to allergic late-phase inflammation, is effectively inhibited by levocetirizine.
Allergic Rhinitis Augments the Response to a Bacterial Sinus Infection in Mice: A Review of an Animal Model
Authors: Naclerio Robert , Blair Christopher , Yu Xiaohong , Won Yu-Sung , Gabr Usama , Baroody Fuad M. 
Published: October 2006

Background Sinusitis is a poorly understood disease. Despite the significant morbidity and the enormous cost of treating sinusitis, little progress has been made at improving our understanding of its pathophysiology. One reason for restricted progress in understanding the disease is the lack of a satisfactory animal model that mimics sinusitis in man. Objective We review data establishing the development of sinusitis in mice after instillation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common pathogen responsible for acute sinusitis in man. We also review data showing that allergic inflammation in mice worsens a subsequent bacterial sinusitis. We use this data to hypothesize how allergic inflammation worsens a bacterial sinus infection. Methods Different strains of mice were made allergic and/or infected. Results We show our ability to generate an allergic reaction in the nose after sensitization to ovalbumin. Our data further show that an ongoing allergic nasal reaction worsens acute sinusitis. Conclusion A mouse model has been created for a study of the interaction of allergic rhinitis and acute bacterial sinusitis.
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for the Excision of Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review of Safety and Effectiveness
Authors: Dalziel Kim , Stein Ken , Round Ali , Garside Ruth , Royle Pam 
Published: October 2006

Background Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has been used for >20 years for the management of sinus disease including the excision of nasal polyps. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of safety and effectiveness of FESS for the removal of nasal polyps. Methods The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index, other databases, and websites were searched in January and December 2005 using key words for nasal polyps and endoscopic surgery. All randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized comparative studies, and case series studies that described outcomes associated with FESS for the excision of nasal polyps were included. Forty-two publications were included from the 632 (6.6%) articles initially identified. Two reviewers assessed validity of included studies and extracted relevant data. Results Three randomized controlled trials, 4 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 35 case series studies were included in the review. FESS was compared with endoscopic polypectomy, Caldwell-Luc, radical nasalization, and intranasal ethmoidectomy. In general, studies were of poor quality and lacked description of important variables influencing surgical outcome. Overall complications for FESS from case series studies ranged from 0.3 to 22.4% (median, 7.0%). Major complications ranged from 0 to 1.5% (median, 0%) and minor complications ranged from 1.1 to 20.8% (median, 7.5%). The potentially most serious complications were cerebrospinal fluid leaks, injury to the internal carotid artery, dural exposure, meningitis, bleeding requiring transfusion, periorbital/orbital fat exposure, and orbital penetration. Symptomatic improvement ranged from 78 to 88% for FESS compared with 43 to 84% for comparative procedures. From case series, symptomatic improvement ranged from 40 to 98% (median, 88%). Conclusion FESS may offer some advantages in safety and effectiveness over comparative techniques, but wide variation in reported results and methodological shortcomings of studies limit the certainty of these conclusions. Wide variation in complication rates suggests the need for audit of existing practice. Additional high-quality studies with a fuller description of potential confounding factors and effect modifiers will help to define the effectiveness of FESS more clearly.