bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Current–Voltage Characteristics of Semiconducting Nanowires: Decoupling of Contact Effects
Authors: Zhang Z. , Yao K. , Liu Y. , Jin C. , Liang X. , Chen Q. , Peng L.‐M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA metal‐semiconductor‐metal (M‐S‐M) model for quantitative analysis of current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of semiconducting nanowires is described and applied to fit experimental I–V curves of Bi2S3 nanowire transistors. The I–V characteristics of semiconducting nanowires are found to depend sensitively on the contacts, in particular on the Schottky barrier height and contact area, and the M‐S‐M model is shown to be able to reproduce all experimentally observed I–V characteristics using only few fitting variables. A procedure for decoupling contact effects from that of the intrinsic parameters of the semiconducting nanowires, such as conductivity, carrier mobility and doping concentration is proposed, demonstrated using experimental I–V curves obtained from Bi2S3 nanowires and compared with the field‐effect based method.
Influences of Connecting Unit Architecture on the Performance of Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Chan M. Y. , Lai S. L. , Lau K. M. , Fung M. K. , Lee C. S. , Lee S. T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe present work investigates the influence of the n‐type layer in the connecting unit on the performance of tandem organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). The n‐type layer is typically an organic electron‐transporting layer doped with reactive metals. By systematically varying the metal dopants and the electron‐transporting hosts, we have identified the important factors affecting the performance of the tandem OLEDs. Contrary to common belief, device characteristics were found to be insensitive to metal work functions, as supported by the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of all metal‐doped n‐type layers studied here have similar energy levels. It suggests that the electron injection barriers from the connecting units are not sensitive to the metal dopant used. On the other hand, it was found that performance of the n‐type layers depends on their electrical conductivities which can be improved by using an electron‐transporting host with higher electron mobility. This effect is further modulated by the optical transparency of constituent organic layers. The efficiency of tandem OLEDs would decrease as the optical transmittance decreases.
Reduced intensity stem cell transplantation for treatment of class 3 Lucarelli severe thalassemia patients
Authors: Hongeng Suradej , Pakakasama Samart , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Sirachainan Nongnuch , Sura Thanyachai , Ungkanont Artit , Chuncharunee Suporn , Jootar Saengsuree , Issaragisil Surapol 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBone marrow transplantation is the only therapeutic option that can potentially eliminate thalassemic disease. Early results indicated that children in Class 3 Lucarelli had a much worse outcome because of high nonrejection mortality and high rejection rate. In the present study, reduced intensity stem cell transplantation (RIT) was performed in eight Class 3 Lucarelli patients conditioned by busulfan, fludarabine, and antilymphpcute globulin. One of the eight patients additionally received thiotepa, and total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), while one only received TLI. All patients received hydroxyurea 20 mg/kg/day daily ≥3 months before RIT. Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSCs) were given to a target number of CD34+ cells more than 5 × 106 cells/kg of recipient weight. Seven patients received T cell nondepleted PBSCs from matched siblings while one patient received purified CD34+ cells from two HLA antigen mismatched maternal PBSCs. The graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine or tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Initially, an engraftment of donor cells was observed in all eight patients, but subsequently only six of eight patients had stable full donor engraftment. There were no deaths or Grade 3–4 acute GvHD in our patients. The present study lends support that the regimens described here produced minimal toxicity and resulted in stable full donor engraftment in the majority of the severe Class 3 Lucarelli thalassemia patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA diversity and population differentiation in southern East Asia
Authors: Li Hui , Cai Xiaoyun , Winograd‐Cort Elizabeth R. , Wen Bo , Cheng Xu , Qin Zhendong , Liu Wenhong , Liu Yangfan , Pan Shangling , Qian Ji , Tan Chia‐Chen , Jin Li 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism has been studied systematically in the Han, Tibeto–Buman, and Hmong–Mien ethnic families of southern East Asia. Only two families in this region, Daic and Austro–Asiatic, were still uninvestigated. Daic is a major ethnic family in South China and Southeast Asia and has a long history. To study mtDNA polymorphism within this family, all the Daic populations of China and some of Vietnam (774 individuals from 30 populations) were typed by HVS‐1 region sequencing and by PCR‐RFLP assays. The observed high Southern type frequencies (B, F, M7, R) confirmed Daic as a typical Southern group. mtDNAs of other populations (126 individuals from 14 populations) from Austro–Asiatic ethnic families neighboring the Daic were also typed. Networks of mtDNA haplogroups in South China were traced from these new data and those from the literature. Ethnic families share many haplogroups, indicating their common origin. However, the two largest families in South China, Daic, and Hmong‐Mien, polarized into several ethnic family specific haplogroups. Haplogroup ages were estimated in the networks of high‐frequency haplogroups (B, F, M7, R), and they were found to originate about 50,000 years ago. In contrast, ethnic family specific haplogroups all originated around 20,000 years ago. We therefore conclude that modern humans have lived in South China for a long time, inside‐ethnogenesis was a rather late event, and frequent inmixing was taking place throughout. MtDNA data of Daic, Austro‐Asiatic and other populations in South China has therefore proven pivotal for studying the human history of East Asia. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of normal‐phase HPLC stationary phase based on monodisperse hydrophilic polymeric beads and their application
Authors: Gong Bolin , Ren Li , Yan Chao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe monodisperse, 5.0 μm hydrophilic macroporous poly(glycidymethacrylate‐co‐ethylenedimethacrylate) beads were first prepared based on monosized linear poly(glycidylmethacrylate) beads as seed by using a single‐step swelling and polymerization method. The seed beads prepared by dispersion polymerization exhibited good absorption of the monomer phase. The pore size distribution of the beads was evaluated by mercury instrusion method. The surface area was calculated from the BET isotherms of nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The beads were modified to be a normal‐phase liquid chromatographic (NPLC) stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the following steps. First, the beads were completely hydrolyzed. Second, hydrolyzed particles were reacted with epichlorihydrin followed by another hydrolysis of the newly introduced epoxide groups. The retention properties of the NPLC stationary phase were easily modulated by changes in the composition of the mobile phase. The performance of theses beads was demonstrated with the separation of a variety of polar compounds. The satisfactory results were obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A novel method for porosity measurement of various surface layers of nanofibers mat using image analysis for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ghasemi‐Mobarakeh L. , Semnani D. , Morshed M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch in polymer nanofibers has undergone significant progress in the last decade. One of the main driving force for this progress is the increasing use of these polymer nanofibers for tissue engineering. Adequate porosity and surface area are widely recognized as important parameters in the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering and therefore measurement of porosity is very important. Previous methods such as mercury measurement, indirect method, the porosity measurement based on density of nanofibers do not measure the porosity of various surface layers. The goal of this study is measurement of porosity of various surface layers of scaffold. Image analysis was used for this purpose. SEM images of nanofibers mat were converted to binary images using different thresholds and porosity of scaffold was measured in various layers. On the basis of the results of our study, this method can be applied to porosity measurement of various surface layers of nanofibers mat. The results showed that porosity of various surface layers is related to the number of layers of nanofibers mat. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effect of molecular relaxation of acrylic elastomers on impact toughening of polybutylene terephthlate
Authors: Mekhilef Nafih , Hong Sheng , Davis Benjamin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this study, we examined the performance of two core‐shell acrylic‐based impact modifiers (AIM) prepared by emulsion polymerization. The rubber core was prepared from ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA) and n‐octyl acrylate (n‐OA). In such as process, the particle size and particle‐size distribution of the modifiers were precisely controlled, so that performance differences observed in polybutylene terephthlate (PBT), used as matrix resin, could only be interpreted in terms of the nature of the elastomeric component of the modifiers. When isolated, the rubber core of the modifiers showed identical glass transition temperatures (Tg) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) despite the fact that they were made from two different acrylic monomers. Temperature‐frequency superposition principle inferred from the classical WLF equation showed that the rubber components exhibit the same Tg at all frequencies including at the time scale at which mechanical impact typically occurs. However, significant differences in low temperature impact performance measured at −30°C using notched Izod impact test according to ASTM D 256 were obtained even though their rubber components had identical Tg. Such differences were attributed to the dynamic relaxation behavior of the rubber components and identified as inherent properties of the elastomers due to the structure of the monomers' repeat units. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis of Bicyclic Alkene‐/Alkane‐Bridged Nisin Mimics by Ring‐Closing Metathesis and their Biochemical Evaluation as Lipid II Binders: toward the Design of Potential Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Ghalit Nourdin , Reichwein John F. , Hilbers Hans W. , Breukink Eefjan , Rijkers Dirk T. S. , Liskamp Rob M. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis report describes the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of alkene‐ and alkane‐bridged AB(C)‐ring mimics of the lantibiotic nisin. Nisin belongs to a class of natural antimicrobial peptides, and has a unique mode of action: its AB(C)‐ring system binds to the pyrophosphate moiety of lipid II. This mode of action was the rationale for the design of smaller nisin‐derived peptides to obtain novel potential antibiotics. As a conformational constraint the thioether bridge was mimicked by an alkene‐ or alkane isostere. The peptides of the linear individual ring precursors were synthesized on solid support or in solution, and cyclized by ring‐closing metathesis in solution with overall yields of between 36 and 89 %. The individual alkene‐bridged macrocycles were assembled in solution by using carbodiimide‐based synthesis protocols for the corresponding AB(C)‐ring mimics. These compounds were tested for their binding affinity toward lipid II by evaluation of their potency to inhibit nisin‐induced carboxyfluorescein release from large unilamellar vesicles. It was found that these AB(C)‐ring mimics were not able to induce membrane leakage; however, they acted by inhibiting nisin‐induced carboxyfluorescein release; this indicates their affinity toward lipid II. These results imply that an alkene or alkane moiety is a suitable thioether bridge mimic.
Effect of Preload and Heart Rate on the Doppler and Tissue Doppler‐derived Myocardial Performance Index
Authors: Özdemir Kurtuluş , Balci Sibel , Duzenli Mehmet Akif , Can Ilknur , Yazici Mehmet , Aygul Nazif , Altunkeser Bulent Behlul , Altintepe Lutfullah , Turk Suleyman 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDoppler‐derived myocardial performance index (MPI) has been described as a noninvasive measurement of LV function. Our aim was to investigate the effect of hemodialysis related volume reduction and heart rate changes on the Doppler‐derived LV MPI, and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) derived left and right ventricular MPI.Method:The study group comprised 32 consecutive patients (mean age: 43 ± 18 yrs) undergoing hemodialysis. Patients underwent echocardiography before and immediately after hemodialysis session. Left and right ventricular MPI derived from conventional pulsed‐wave Doppler and DTI was calculated. The difference in MPI, heart rate and body weight was calculated before and after hemodialysis.Results:Doppler‐derived LV MPI, and right ventricular MPI obtained by DTI were increased (p = 0.05) but the LV MPI obtained by DTI was unchanged after hemodialysis. There is a significant positive correlation between the Doppler‐derived LV MPI difference and volume reduction (r = 0.38, p = 0.032). The heart rate difference was correlated with Doppler‐derived LV MPI difference, and DTI derived right ventricular MPI difference (r = 0.38, p = 0.034; r = 0.48, p = 0.006, respectively). Whereas, DTI derived LV MPI difference was not correlated with heart rate difference. By the multivariate analysis, there was no correlation between Doppler‐derived LV MPI difference with heart rate difference, and volume reduction. Right ventricular MPI difference correlated with heart rate difference (r = 0.41, p = 0.021) but not with volume reduction. Doppler‐derived MPI is partially influenced by preload and heart rate changes. However, DTI derived LV MPI is not influenced by preload and heart rate changes. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MyD88 protects from lethal encephalitis during infection with vesicular stomatitis virus
Authors: Lang Karl S. , Navarini Alexander A. , Recher Mike , Lang Philipp A. , Heikenwalder Mathias , Stecher Barbara , Bergthaler Andreas , Odermatt Bernhard , Akira Shizuo , Honda Kenya , Hengartner Hans , Zinkernagel Rolf M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMyD88 is a key adaptor molecule in innate resistance, engaged in most Toll‐like receptor, as well as IL‐1 and IL‐18, signalling. Here, we analyzed the role of MyD88 in innate resistance during infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) using myd88–/– mice. We found an increased susceptibility to VSV in myd88–/– mice, which was not explained by reduced type I IFN or neutralizing antibody responses. Susceptibility of myd88–/– mice correlated with impaired recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection. In the absence of MyD88 signalling, VSV rapidly spread to the spinal cord and brain causing lethal encephalitis.
Influence of the soil–structure interaction on the fundamental period of buildings
Authors: Khalil Louay , Sadek Marwan , Shahrour Isam 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper includes an investigation of the influence of the soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the fundamental period of buildings. The behaviour of both the soil and the structure is assumed to be elastic. The soil‐foundation system is modelled using translational and rotational discrete springs. Analysis is first conducted for one‐storey buildings. It shows that the influence of the SSI on the fundamental frequency of building depends on the soil–structure relative rigidity Kss. Analysis is then extended for multi‐storey buildings. It allows the generalization of the soil–structure relative rigidity
Ks to such complex structures. Charts are proposed for taking into account the influence of the SSI in the calculation of the fundamental frequency of a wide range of buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variations in soil erosion and deposition due to land‐levelling in a semi‐arid area of Basilicata (Southern Italy)
Authors: Capolongo D. , Pennetta L. , Piccarreta M. , Fallacara G. , Boenzi F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the changes from 1955 to 2002 in soil erosion and deposition due to changes in land‐use patterns in the semi‐arid territory of Craco, which is characterized by landsliding and badland erosion. The area underwent continuous degradation during the last century due not only to its lithological vulnerability but also to the anthropic pressure favoured by the introduction of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) measures, which has led to the reclamation of scrub lands and badlands for durum wheat cultivation. Our analysis integrates the Unit Stream Power Erosion Deposition (USPED) model with a geographic information system (GIS) to quantify erosion risk and predict deposition patterns. Soil data, land use inventory, digital elevation data and climatic atlases were used as resource data sets to generate USPED factor values. The obtained results correlate well with field measured erosion data by other researchers. In the investigated 47 years, stable areas decreased by about 280 ha (3·8% of the total surface area), largely attributable to the increase of the low and moderate erosion intensity without significant change in sedimentation. Results from this study have implications related to understanding the geomorphic response of sites that were abandoned following remodelling due to the application of the F measure of Regulation CEE 2078/92. The average annual erosion rates estimated for abandoned and remodelled sites are respectively 15·99 and 10·64 t ha−1, meaning that the total amount of erosion in 20 years could be estimated at around 100 t ha−1. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spending to save? State health expenditure and infant mortality in India
Authors: Bhalotra Sonia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere are severe inequalities in health in the world, poor health being concentrated amongst poor people in poor countries. Poor countries spend a much smaller share of national income on health expenditure than do richer countries. What potential lies in political or growth processes that raise this share? This depends upon how effective government health spending in developing countries is. Existing research presents little evidence of an impact on childhood mortality. Using specifications similar to those in the existing literature, this paper finds a similar result for India, which is that state health spending saves no lives. However, upon allowing lagged effects, controlling in a flexible way for trended unobservables and restricting the sample to rural households, a significant effect of health expenditure on infant mortality emerges, the long run elasticity being about −0.24. There are striking differences in the impact by social group. Slicing the data by gender, birth order, religion, maternal and paternal education and maternal age at birth, I find the weakest effects in the most vulnerable groups (with the exception of a large effect for scheduled tribes). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative and electrophilic stress induces multidrug resistance–associated protein transporters via the nuclear factor-E2–related factor-2 transcriptional pathway
Authors: Maher Jonathan M. , Dieter Matthew Z. , Aleksunes Lauren M. , Slitt Angela L. , Guo Grace , Tanaka Yuji , Scheffer George L. , Chan Jefferson Y. , Manautou Jose E. , Chen Ying , Dalton Timothy P. , Yamamoto Masayuki , Klaassen Curtis D. 
Published: August 2007

Multidrug resistance–associated proteins (Mrps) are adenosine triphosphate–dependent transporters that efflux chemicals out of cells. In the liver, Mrp2 transports bilirubin-glucuronide, glutathione (GSH), and drug conjugates into bile, whereas Mrp3 and Mrp4 efflux these entities into blood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxidative conditions (that is, the disruption of hepatic GSH synthesis) or the administration of nuclear factor-E2–related factor-2 (Nrf2) activators (oltipraz and butylated hydroxyanisole) can induce hepatic Mrp transporters and whether that induction is through the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. Livers from hepatocyte-specificglutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit–null mice had increased nuclear Nrf2 levels, marked gene and protein induction of the Nrf2 target gene NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, as well as Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4 expression. The treatment of wild-type andNrf2-null mice with oltipraz and butylated hydroxyanisole demonstrated that the induction of Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4 is Nrf2-dependent. In Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with the Nrf2 activatortert-butyl hydroquinone, chromatin immunoprecipitation with Nrf2 antibodies revealed the binding of Nrf2 to antioxidant response elements in the promoter regions of mouse Mrp2 [−185 base pairs (bp)], Mrp3 (−9919 bp), and Mrp4 (−3767 bp).Conclusion:The activation of the Nrf2 regulatory pathway stimulates the coordinated induction of hepatic Mrps.
Targeting vasculature in urologic tumors: Mechanistic and therapeutic significance
Authors: Sakamoto Shinichi , Ryan A. Jacqueline , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent advances toward understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating cancer initiation and progression provide new insights into the therapeutic value of targeting tumor vascularity by interfering with angiogenic signaling pathways. The functional contribution of key angiogenic factors toward increased vascularity characterizing metastatic tumors and their therapeutic exploitation is considered in three major urologic malignancies, renal, bladder, and prostate cancer. With the realization that the success of the therapeutic efficacy of the various anti‐angiogenic approaches for the treatment of urologic tumors has yet to be proven clinically, the challenge remains to select critical angiogenesis pathways that can be targeted for an individual tumor. Here we discuss the major mechanisms that support formation of vasculature in renal, bladder, and prostate tumors and the current results of targeting of specific molecules/regulators for therapeutic intervention against metastastic disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 691–708, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immediate‐early gene regulation by interplay between different post‐translational modifications on human histone H3
Authors: Kaleem Afshan , Hoessli Daniel C. , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Walker‐Nasir Evelyne , Nasim Anwar , Shakoori Abdul Rauf , Din Nasir‐ud‐ 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn mammalian cells, induction of immediate‐early (IE) gene transcription occurs concomitantly with histone H3 phosphorylation on Ser 10 and is catalyzed by mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Histone H3 is an evolutionarily conserved protein located in the core of the nucleosome, along with histones H2A, H2B, and H4. The N‐terminal tails of histones protrude outside the chromatin structure and are accessible to various enzymes for post‐translational modifications (PTM). Phosphorylation, O‐GlcNAc modification, and their interplay often induce functional changes, but it is very difficult to monitor dynamic structural and functional changes in vivo. To get started in this complex task, computer‐assisted studies are useful to predict the range in which those dynamic structural and functional changes may occur. As an illustration, we propose blocking of phosphorylation by O‐GlcNAc modification on Ser 10, which may result in gene silencing in the presence of methylated Lys 9. Thus, alternate phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAc modification on Ser 10 in the histone H3 protein may provide an on/off switch to regulate expression of IE genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 835–851, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.