bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misoprostol Versus Oxytocin in the Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour
Authors: Sultana Nilufar , Khatun Mahmuda 
Published: September 2007

Objective: A randomised controlled trial was performed in Sir Solimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Dhaka City for one year to compare oral misoprostol with intramascular oxytocin in the prevention of post partum haemorrhage (PPH).
Method: A total of 400 women were randomised to received either 400mg misoprostol orally or 10 I.U oxytocin intramascularly. The incidence of post partum haemorrhage and side effects were examined.
Result: The demographic and labour characteristic were comparable. PPH occured in 3.80% of women given misoprostol and in 2.63% of those given oxytocin (P>0.50). Measured blood loss of more than 1000 ml occured 2.38% of the misoprostol group compared with 1.58% in the oxytocin group (P>0.50). There was no significant difference in the need for additional oxytocin drugs or blood transfusion in women of both groups. Significant side effect of misoprostol were shivering (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Oral misoprostol is as effective as intramascular oxytocin in the prevention of PPH. Shivering and transient pyrexia were special side effects of misoprostol. Misoprostol has potential in reducing the high incidence of PPH in developing countries.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 73-76)
Fluorescence quenching of serum albumin by rifamycin antibiotics and their analytical application
Authors: Yang Ji‐Dong , Deng Shi‐Xing , Liu Zhong‐Fang , Kong Ling , Liu Shao‐Pu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn neutral medium, rifamycin antibiotics such as rifapentin (RFPT), rifampicin (RFP), rifandin (RFD) and rifamycin SV (RFSV) can bind with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form complexes, resulting in the quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence (λex/λem = 285/355 nm) of the BSA and HSA. The quenching intensity (ΔF) is directly proportional to the concentration of the rifamycin antibiotics. Therefore, a new analytical method was established to determine trace rifamycin antibiotics. The method had fairly high sensitivity and the detecting limits (3σ) for RFPT, RFP, RFD and RFSV were 0.85, 0.98, 1.83, 1.89 ng/mL, respectively, for the HSA system and 0.76, 0.89, 1.55, 1.77 ng/mL, respectively, for the BSA system. All relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <3.8%. In this work, the characteristics of the fluorescence spectra were studied and the optimum reaction conditions and influencing factors were investigated. The influence of coexisting substances was tested and the results showed that the method had good selectivity and could be applied to determine trace rifamycin antibiotics in medicine capsules and urine samples. Taking the RFSV–serum albumin system as an example, the reaction mechanisms, such as binding constants, binding sites, binding distance and the type of fluorescence quenching, were investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of aromatic compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line photoreactor and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Ihara Ayuko , Kishikawa Naoya , Wada Mitsuhiro , Ohba Yoshihito , Nakashima Kenichiro , Kuroda Naotaka 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a novel high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of aromatic compounds with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO–CL ) detection following on‐line UV irradiation. Aromatic compounds were UV irradiated (254 nm, 15 W) to generate hydrogen peroxide, which was determined via PO–CL detection using a mixture of bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)oxalate (aryloxalate) and 2,4,6,8‐tetrathiomorpholinopyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine (fluorophore) as a post‐column CL reagent. Generation of hydrogen peroxide from aromatic compounds was confirmed using a flow injection analysis (FIA) system incorporating an enzyme column reactor immobilized with catalase. The conditions for UV irradiation were optimized using benzene and monosubstituted benzenes (phenol, benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and N,N‐dimethylaniline) by an HPLC system to evaluate the analytical performance of the proposed system. The detection limits for benzene and monosubstituted benzenes were in the range 2.1–124 pmol/injection at signal:noise (S:N) ratio = 3. Monocyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbons were also employed to investigate their CL properties. The possibility of PO–CL detection for a wide variety of aromatic compounds was shown for the first time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrimination of petroleum fluorescence spectra
Authors: Stelmaszewski Adam 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper presents studies of the total spectra (fluorescence–excitation matrix) of petroleum with regard to the utilization of fluorescence for determining petroleum pollutants. Thorough testing of one group, comprising almost forty lubricating oils in the form of their hexane solutions, points out their discrimination. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of trimethylamine in fish by capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Li Ming , Lee Sang Hak 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated chemiluminescence (CE–ECL) method for the determination of trimethylamine (TMA) in fish was studied. In the presence of TMA, ECL from the reaction of analyte and in situ generated tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) [Ru(bpy)33+] at electrode surface could be produced. The ECL detection was performed using a Pt working electrode biased at 1.23 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) potential in a 10 mmol/L sodium borate buffer solution, pH 9.2, containing 3 mmol/L Ru(bpy)32+. A linear calibration curve (correlation coefficient = 0.9996) was obtained in the range 8 × 10−5–4 × 10−8 mol/L for TMA concentration. Recoveries obtained were in the range 98.78–101.46%. The method was successfully applied for the assay of TMA in fish, in combination with solid phase extraction (SPE) disks for sample clean‐up and enrichment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance characteristics according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in the fluorimetric determination of tetracycline in the absence and in the presence of magnesium
Authors: Rodríguez Noelia , Ortiz M. Cruz , Herrero Ana , Sarabia Luis A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe fluorimetric determination of tetracycline is usually carried out in the presence of some metals that, through the formation of a complex with this antibiotic, enhance its fluorescence emission, giving more sensitive determination methods. It is well established that magnesium is one of these metals. However, it is possible that higher signals do not mean a real improvement in the quality of the analytical method. In this work, the univariate and multivariate fluorescence determination of tetracycline is performed in the presence and absence of Mg2+, comparing the quality of the analyses through some performance characteristics that, according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC define the functional qualities of analytical methods. The methods with the best performance characteristics were multivariate determinations carried out in the absence of Mg2+, both when emission or excitation spectra were taken, the decision limits (CCα) being 13.1 and 20.1 µg/L and the detection capabilities (CCβ) 25.3 and 38.5 µg/L, respectively. This study points out through a case study that higher analytical signals do not necessarily mean better performance characteristics of a method of analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of atenolol by the micelle‐stabilized room‐temperature phosphorescence methodology
Authors: Castillo Marcela A. , Gambino Luisina Ongaro , Polizzi Germán , Andreetta Héctor A. , Bruzzone Liliana 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA micellar‐stabilized room‐temperature phosphorescence (MS–RTP) method for the determination of atenolol has been developed in micellar solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) in the presence of thallium(I) as a heavy atom and sodium sulphite as an oxygen scavenger. The effects of thallium(I) nitrate, SDS and sodium sulphite concentrations on atenolol MS–RTP intensity were studied. Optimized conditions to obtain maximum sensitivity were 0.015 mol/L thallium(I) nitrate, 0.1 mol/L SDS and 0.0075 mol/L sodium sulphite. The maximum phosphorescence signal was completely developed in 10 min and the intensity was measured at λex = 272 nm and λem = 412 nm. The linear range of application obtained was 2.01–16.00 µg/mL. The detection limit estimated from the least‐squares regression analysis was 0.86 µg/mL and the relative standard deviation of 10 replicates was 1.7%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of atenolol in a pharmaceutical formulation. The quantitation was carried out by means of standard calibration, standard‐additions calibration and Youden calibration. These three experiments were necessary to evaluate the presence of constant and proportional errors due to the matrix. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation and chemiluminescence of catechol by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Co(II) ions and CTAB micelles
Authors: Lasovsky Jan , Hrbac Jan , Sichertova Dana , Bednar Petr 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe oxidation of catechol in neutral and slightly alkaline aqueous solutions (pH 7–9.6) by excess hydrogen peroxide (0.002–0.09 mol/L) in the presence of Co(II) (2.10−7–2.10−5 mol/L) is accompanied by abrupt formation of red purple colouration, which is subsequently decolourized within 1 h. The electron spectra of the reaction mixture are characterized by a broad band covering the whole visible range (400–700 nm), with maximum at 485 nm. The reaction is initiated by catechol oxidation to its semiquinone radical and further to 1,2‐benzoquinone. By nucleophilic addition of hydrogen peroxide into the p‐position of benzoquinone C=O groups, hydroperoxide intermediates are formed, which decompose to hydroxylated 1,4‐benzoquinones. It was confirmed by MS spectroscopy that monohydroxy‐, dihydroxy‐ and tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone are formed as intermediate products. As final products of catechol decomposition, muconic acid, its hydroxy‐ and dihydroxy‐derivatives and crotonic acid were identified. In the micellar environment of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide the decomposition rate of catechol is three times faster, due to micellar catalysis, and is accompanied by chemiluminescence (CL) emission, with maxima at 500 and 640 nm and a quantum yield of 1 × 10−4. The CL of catechol can be further sensitized by a factor of 8 (maximum) with the aid of intramicellar energy transfer to fluorescein. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasensitive assay of clindamycin in medicine and bio‐fluids with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Wei Gaili , Dang Gaochao , Li Hua 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA simple chemiluminescence (CL) method using flow injection has been developed for the determination of clindamycin, based on the inhibitory effect of clindamycin on the CL generated from the luminol–K3Fe(CN)6 system in alkaline medium. It was found that the decrement of CL intensity was linear with the logarithm of clindamycin concentration over the range 0.7–1000 ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.2 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5.0% (n = 7). At a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min, a complete analytical process could be performed within 0.5 min, including sampling and washing. The proposed procedure was applied successfully to the determination of clindamycin in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine without pretreatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact transformation of a wide variety of domain integrals into boundary integrals in boundary element method
Authors: Hematiyan M. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a sufficient condition for transforming domain integrals into boundary integral is described. The transformation is accomplished by Green's and Gauss' theorems. It is shown that a wide range of domain integrals including some integrals in boundary element method satisfy this sufficient condition and can be simply transformed into boundary. Although emphasis is made on potential and elastostatic problems, this method can also be used for many other applications. Using the present method, a wide range of 2D and 3D domain integrals over simply or multiply connected regions can be transformed exactly into the boundary. The resultant boundary integrals are numerically evaluated using an adaptive version of the Simpson integration method. Several examples are provided to show the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On estimation of bivariate biomarkers with known detection limits
Authors: Chu Haitao , Nie Lei , Zhu Motao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTo estimate the correlation coefficient between two measurements of viral load obtained from HIV‐infected individuals, a Bernoulli/bivariate normal mixture model has been applied to provide a better fit for the high proportions of left censoring due to assay measurements falling below limits of detection (LD). In this paper, we investigate the relationship among several alternative likelihood‐based methods; particularly we derive an explicit relationship between the maximum likelihood estimates based on the Bernoulli/bivariate normal mixture model for all data pairs and a left‐truncated bivariate normal model for data pairs with one or two detectable values. With a case study and a set of Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrated the potential impact of using an incorrect likelihood on the estimation of correlation coefficient from two random variables with known LD. Furthermore, we investigated the performance of nonparametric methods using Kendall's tau and Spearman's rank correlation with tie correction for left censoring, which have been used in practice. When data are simulated from a left‐censored bivariate normal or a left‐censored Bernoulli/bivariate normal mixture distribution, both Kendall's tau and Spearman's rank correlation tend to give biased estimates. The biases increase as the probability in the lower component and the proportions of left censoring increases. Further research on nonparametric methods is needed to deal with left censoring, especially in the presence of mixture distributions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spline smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping
Authors: MacNab Ying C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPenalty splines such as smoothing spline and P‐spline, as well as unpenalized regression splines, have become increasingly popular methods in contemporary non‐parametric and semiparametric regressions, particularly for data arising from longitudinal, multilevel, and spatiotemporal settings. In the recent decade, the development of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods has facilitated applications of flexible spline fittings via Bayesian hierarchical formulation. In this paper, we study three spline smoothing methods in the context of spatiotemporal modeling of rates and Bayesian disease mapping. We explore their potentials for fully Bayesian (FB) rate and risk trends ensemble estimation and spatiotemporal relative risks inference. In particular, our study presents and compares Bayesian hierarchical formulations of regression B‐spline, smoothing spline, and P‐spline, explores the connections and distinctions among them, and sheds light on their varying capabilities as ‘data‐driven’ smoothers for risk trends exploration and sequential disease mapping. The methods are motivated and illustrated through a Bayesian analysis of adverse medical events (commonly known as iatrogenic injures) to hospitalized children and youth in British Columbia, Canada. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing spatial dependence structures using spectral density estimators
Authors: Crujeiras Rosa M. , Fernández‐Casal Rubén , González‐Manteiga Wenceslao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to establish statistical methodology in order to analyze changes in the dependence structure for different spatial processes or for a process observed on a regular grid at different time moments. We propose a test statistic for testing the hypothesis $H_0:f_1=f_2$, where each $f_l$ denotes the spectral density of each process, for $l=1,2$. The test is based on a Cramer‐von‐Mises functional type test introduced in (Vilar‐Fernández and Gonzálex‐Manteiga, 2004) for the regression context. The study is developed for $L=2$, but generalizations to $L>2$ are straightforward. The application of our technique is related to biomonitoring studies which have been carried out in order to determine levels of heavy metal concentrations, taking mosses as biomonitors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional finite element thermal modeling of an oil‐immersed transformer
Authors: Faiz Jawad , Sharifian M. B. B. , Fakhri A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFinite element (FE) modeling of a typical transformer indicates that the hot spot position is always on the top most part of the transformer. The hot spot temperature of winding depends on the load and the type of loading and is changed by loading. A number of the generated magnetic flux lines of windings close to their paths perpendicular to the internal channel of the windings and therefore the flux density in the middle of the channel is considerably larger than the beginning and ending of the winding. Two models of windings are employed and different temperature distributions are obtained. The computation results show that the time constant of high voltage (HV) winding is lower than that of the low voltage (LV) winding. A good agreement between the test and computed results has been achieved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The adaptive unit transverse differential protection based on the fault contributed current
Authors: NengLing Tai , Bo Wang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new adaptive unit transverse differential protection based on the fault contributed zero‐sequence current for the generator is introduced in this paper. The performance of the conventional unit transverse differential protection is usually greatly affected by the unbalanced current. To overcome this disadvantage, the fault contributed zero‐sequence current is applied to remove the influence of the pre‐fault current. At the same time, analysis results show that the unbalanced current always present the linear relationship with the stator current. According to that, the proposed scheme can change the setting value adaptively, which improves the protection sensitivity for the generator light internal fault. For the external fault, the scheme can enhance the protection reliability because it ensures a high restraint current. The new scheme is developed and the practical implementation of the protection equipment is also demonstrated. The test results show that the proposed approach is successful in detecting the generator internal fault, and could have high sensitivity and selectivity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Informal and formal care among single‐living elderly in Europe
Authors: Bolin K. , Lindgren B. , Lundborg P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyse (1) whether informal care, provided by children or grandchildren to their elderly parents, and formal care are substitutes or complements, and (2) whether this relationship differs across Europe. The analyses were based on cross‐sectional data from the newly developed SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) database. We found (1) that informal and formal home care are substitutes, while informal care is a complement to doctor and hospital visits, and (2) that these relationships in some cases differ according to a European north–south gradient. Instrumental variable methods were used and the results highlight the importance of accounting for the endogeneity of informal care. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effective public health guidance: asking questions from the decision‐maker's viewpoint
Authors: Chalkidou Kalipso , Culyer Anthony , Naidoo Bhash , Littlejohns Peter 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn February 2004, in his assessment of the long‐term financial viability of the NHS, Derek Wanless recommended the use of ‘a consistent framework, such as the methodology developed by NICE, to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of interventions and initiatives across health care and public health’. One year later public health was added to NICE's remit and the new National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established, with amended statutory instruments to permit consideration of broader public sector costs when developing cost‐effective guidance for public health.With the principle of ‘a consistent framework’ put forward by Wanless as the starting point, this paper provides an insight into the most challenging aspects of applying the principles of cost‐effectiveness analysis in the public health context from the policymaker's perspective. It reflects on the long‐term consequences of taking on responsibility for producing public health guidance on the Institute's overall approach to guidance development and describes the tension between striving for consistency and cross‐evaluation comparability while ensuring that the methodological tools used are fit for the purpose of developing public health guidance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPV triage testing or repeat Pap smear for the management of atypical squamous cells (ASCUS) on Pap smear: is there evidence of process utility?
Authors: Howard Kirsten , Salkeld Glenn , McCaffery Kirsten , Irwig Les 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA two‐stage standard gamble was used to evaluate women's preferences for alternative managements of atypical squamous cells of undermined significance (ASCUS) on Pap smear (repeat Pap smear compared with immediate HPV test), and to test for the evidence of process utility.Women's utilities for the health state scenarios were clustered towards the upper end of the 0–1 scale with considerable variability in women's preferences. There was evidence of process utility, with immediate human papillomavirus (HPV) testing strategies having lower valuations than repeat Pap smear, where the clinical outcome was the same. Mean (95% CI) utilities for HPV testing (negative test) followed by resolution were 0.9967 (0.9957–0.9978) compared with repeat Pap smear followed by resolution: 0.9972 (0.9964–0.9980). Mean (95% CI) utilities for immediate HPV testing (positive test), followed by colposcopy, biopsy and treatment were 0.9354 (0.8544–1.0) compared with repeat Pap smear followed by colposcopy, biopsy and treatment: 0.9656 (0.9081–1.0).Our results add to the existing evidence that the impact of healthcare interventions on well‐being is not limited to the effect of the intervention on the health outcomes expected from the intervention; process of care can have quality of life implications for the individual. A modelled application of trial‐based data will allow characterisation of the true population costs, benefits, risks and harms of alternative triage strategies and subsequent policy implications thereof. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.