bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Ca2+,Mg2+‐ATPase Activity of Synaptosomal Plasma Membrane by the Local Anesthetics Dibucaine and Lidocaine
Authors: Garcia‐Martin E. , Gutiérrez‐Merino C. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract:It has been previously shown that local anesthetics inhibit the total Ca2+,Mg2+‐ATPase activity of synaptosomal plasma membranes. We have carried out kinetic studies to quantify the effects of these drugs on the different Ca2+‐dependent and Mg2+‐dependent ATPase activities of these membranes. As a result we have found that this inhibition is not altered by washing the membranes with EDTA or EGTA. We have also found that the Ca2+‐dependent ATPase activity is not significantly inhibited in the concentration range of these local anesthetics and under the experimental conditions used in this study. The inhibition of the Mg2+‐dependent ATPase activities of these membranes was found to be of a noncompetitive type with respect to the substrate ATP‐Mg2+, did not significantly shift the Ca2+ dependence of the Ca2+,Mg2+‐ATPase activity, and occurred in a concentration range of local anesthetics that does not significantly alter the order parameter (fluidity) of these membranes. Modulation of this activity by the changes of the membrane potential that are associated with the adsorption of local anesthetics on the synaptosomal plasma membrane is unlikely, on the basis of the weak effect of membrane potential changes on the Ca2+,Mg2+‐ATPase activity. It is suggested that the local anesthetics lidocaine and dibucaine inhibit the Ca2+,Mg2+‐ATPase of the synaptosomal plasma membrane by disruption of the lipid annulus.
Sites of Tubulin Polymerization in PC 12 Cells
Authors: Keith Charles H. , Blane Kathleen 
Published: October 2006

Abstract:The site at which tubulin enters into polymer in the neuritic process is a very important datum in terms of our understanding of the mechanism of transport of the microtubular cytoskeleton out the axon. If the form of tubulin being transported out the axon is the microtubule, then assembly of tubulin into microtubules should occur at or near the cell body; if, however, the form of tubulin transported is free tubulin dimer, then assembly can occur at any free microtubule end out the neurite. We have injected a fluorescent analog of tubulin into differentiated PC12 cells and used differential extraction protocols to extract free dimer but not microtubules. We have imaged these cells before and after extraction by low‐light‐level video fluorescence microscopy and have used image analysis to examine the sites of tubulin incorporation into polymer or other unextracted components as a function of time. We find that tubulin in the distal reaches of the neurite is found initially as monomer and that its appearance in the unextracted component occurs later. This pattern of appearance of fluorescent tubulin initially in the soluble fraction and later in the unextractable component is qualitatively similar to that reported by other workers for biotinylated tubulin, but we see a larger gap between the rates of appearance in soluble fraction and in polymer. Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensities in the two compartments with distance out the neurite reveals substantial variation between different neurites: In some neurites, the pattern of variation of unextracted/total tubulin suggests that tubulin enters into the unextracted component primarily near the cell body and that this unextracted component moves out the neurite with time, and in other neurites it suggests that monomer adds onto microtubule ends staggered out the neurite. In no case do we see a pattern suggesting that distal addition predominates. These analyses of fluorescence intensities in extracted and unextracted neurites suggest that both transport of polymerized microtubules and monomer addition onto staggered microtubule ends occur in PC12 neurites and that in individual neurites one or the other of these two behaviors may predominate.
Conservation of the Carboxyl Terminal Epitope of Myelin Proteolipid Protein in the Tetrapods and Lobe‐Finned Fish
Authors: Linington C. , Waehneldt T. V. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract:Immunochemical analysis of the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) has identified the carboxyl terminal amino acid phenylalanine276 as the only PLP epitope conserved between the PLP components of rat and lungfish, species representing the phylogenetically most widely separated groups that synthesise typical CNS myelin. Immunoblotting using a rabbit antiserum raised against the carboxyl terminal sequence of rat PLP (residues 257–276) identified this epitope on the PLP components of both tetrapod (rat, chicken, lizard, and frog) and lobe‐finned fish (coelacanth and lungfish) CNS myelin, including the DM‐20 isoform of PLP, which is restricted to rat, chicken, and lizard CNS myelin. The conservation of the carboxyl terminus of PLP during evolution suggests this structure may play an important role in maintaining the organisation and function of PLP in the myelin membrane.
A Method of Obtaining Renal Venous Blood in Unanesthetized Persons with Observations on the Extraction of Oxygen and Sodium Para-Amino Hippurate
Authors: Warren James V. , Brannon Emmett S. , Merrill Arthur J. 
Published: October 2006

Catheterization of the renal vein offers a safe and relatively simple method of obtaining blood as it leaves the kidney in the resting unanesthetized human subject.
In preliminary observation on 8 subjects the renal arteriovenous oxygen difference varied from 1.9 to 2.8 volumes per cent., averaging 2.3 volumes per cent. Sodium para-amino hippurate, at low plasma levels, was 88 per cent. extracted during a single circulation through the kidney.
A Cylinder Guide for Use in Plate Assay of Penicillin
Authors: Oswald Elizabeth J. , Randall William A. 
Published: October 2006

A guide or template is described which facilitates placing the cylinders on the agar surface in the plate assay of penicillin.
The general plan of conducting the assay is discussed and several advantages of the use of the guide are noted.
We wish to thank Mr. Albert G. Sterling, instrument maker, for fabricating the guide and the aluminum cylinders.
The Action of Horseradish-Peroxidase on Angiotonin, Pepsitensin and Epinephrine
Authors: Helmer O. M. , Kohlstaedt K. G. 
Published: October 2006

(1) The pressor action of angiotonin, pepsitensin and epinephrine is rapidly destroyed by the horseradish-peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide system.
(2) This reaction is considerably enhanced by the addition of small amounts of potassium iodide.
Preliminary Studies on the Absorption and Excretion of Streptomycin in Dogs
Authors: Graham Boyd E. , Vander Brook Milton J. , Kuizenga Marvin H. 
Published: October 2006

Streptomycin varying in potency from 100 to 500 units/mg. has been administered to 14 dogs intravenously, intramuscularly, and orally in amounts of 100,000 to 420,000 units.
High blood levels of streptomycin were observed after parenteral administration and 23 to 65 per cent was excreted in the urine of normal dogs. After 4 or 5 hours only small amounts were detected in the blood.
The maintenance of blood levels was no better with intramuscular than with intravenous administration.
Following the oral administration of as much as 420,000 units of streptomycin, it could not be detected in the plasma, but up to 3.9 per cent was recovered from the urine.
Fallout Dosages at Washington, D.C.
Authors: Blifford Irving H. , Rosenstock Herbert B. 
Published: October 2006

It has been assumed that the fission product conglomerate emits one gamma ray per beta particle throughout its lifetime. The fallout velocities are not accurately known, and in some cases the detonation and response times have been approximated. For these reasons, the dosages reported in this paper can be accurate in order of magnitude only. With these reservations, an infinity dose of 0.2 roentgen or less due to all explosions between January 1951 and May 1955 is reported for Washington, D.C. Therefore, it is probable that the total fallout from all weapons tests that have so far been conducted will produce only a fraction of the lifetime dosage due to natural radioactivity and cosmic radiation.
Most of the dosage comes from the Nevada tests, and only a small part from the Pacific thermonuclear tests. Fission products contained in that part of the cloud of a thermonuclear explosion which extends above the level of precipitation is found to contribute only very slightly to the dosage at great distances. No analysis was carried out for air activity data taken at other locations, but their qualitative similarity to those taken in Washington suggests that infinity doses in most other locations in the northern hemisphere will not be greatly different.
Present results are in essential agreement with two other measurements that have been reported. Eisenbud and Harley have measured fallout deposited on gummed papers at various locations in the United States and have found an average dose of 0.001 roentgen per year. Stewart, Crooks, and Fisher have measured the activity of air, rainwater, and ground deposits in England and report an infinity dose of 0.055 roentgen. This somewhat lower figure may result from their greater distance from Nevada, which appears to be the source of most of the fallout in the United States.
The authors wish to thank Dr. H. Friedman and Dr. L. B. Lockhart for their continued support and for many helpful discussions.
Redwoods: A Population Model
Authors: Bosch C. A. 
Published: October 2006

The chief conclusion to be drawn from the results of this study is that redwoods are amazingly vigorous. The results support both the lumber companies and the conservationists. There is no question that old growth giant redwoods must be preserved. Only commercial greed could be a basis for refuting that stand. On the other hand, the lumber companies seem to be supported in their contention that redwoods can be farmed without driving them to extinction. The central issue revolves around the old trees. And here profit is the big factor.
Lumbering is an important industry in California, and redwood lumbering represents about 20 percent of the industry. Most of the big names in timber, such as Weyerhaeuser and Georgia-Pacific, are involved in logging the California redwood. At the current rate of logging, particularly of old growth stands, the Bank of America estimates that employment in Humboldt County will be down significantly by 1975. It has been argued that tourism would more than compensate for the lower employment in logging. But not if the trees that the tourists come to see are gone. Why can't young and mature trees be harvested at a reasonable rate, the old trees saved, and both tourism and logging flourish?
The question posed earlier has been answered. Redwood growth and survival can be modeled, using matrix methods in a new context. Meaningful conclusions may be drawn. And the results are sufficiently tantalizing to inspire further research.
Reputational Ratings of Doctoral Programs
Authors: Hartnett Rodney T. , Clark Mary Jo , Baird Leonard L. 
Published: October 2006

Peer ratings of the quality of doctoral program faculties were obtained in a 1975 national survey of chemistry, history, and psychology programs. The ratings were then compared to those obtained 6 and 11 years earlier by the American Council on Education. In general, the rankings obtained from the ratings proved to be highly stable over the 11-year period, particularly in chemistry and history.
Some ratings were also obtained for subspecialties within the three disciplines. Though it is clear that variations in quality among subspecialty faculties do exist and are important for individual program evaluations, it is unlikely that such subspecialty ratings would be feasible or useful in national surveys of the reputations of doctoral programs.
The ratings were found to be highly related to a number of research-oriented variables of departments (such as size, productivity, percentage of alumni holding academic positions at Ph.D.-granting universities), but unrelated or very weakly related to such features as the student-reported quality of teaching and degree of faculty concern for students, or faculty-reported degree of departmental effort toward the career development of junior members of the faculty.
More Superconductivity Questions Than Answers
Authors: Robinson Arthur L. 
Published: October 2006

Although making liquid nitrogen—temperature superconductors is easy enough that high school science projects already feature them, researchers still have little idea how the new ceramic oxides work and therefore little guidance for improving them. At the International Workshop on Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity, held from 22 to 26 June in Berkeley, California, theorists reviewed a host of competing explanations of how these materials come by their remarkable properties, but they could not get far in sifting through the candidates for the best one.
One cause of the unsettled situation is that theorists have not yet pushed their models far enough to make many specific predictions about physical properties and therefore to provide a reason to choose one theory over another. But experimental data for comparison with theory are lacking, too. For example, experimentalists are just now succeeding in being able to grow single crystals and thin films of the ceramic oxide superconductors, whose properties were shown at the workshop to be highly anisotropic. Measurements already made on the polycrystalline sintered material available up to now are difficult to interpret and therefore need to be repeated on good-quality crystals and films, where the variation of properties with crystallographic orientation can be mapped out.
Given the high level of Japanese activity in the field, it was surprising that no researchers from industrial laboratories in Japan presented their findings at the workshop. In the light of a budding international competition in commercializing superconductors, some American scientists interpreted the absence as an attempt to protect proprietary advances. A more pleasant surprise was the attendance of a delegation of six Soviet scientists, although one of the fathers of superconductivity theory, Vitaly Ginzburg of the P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics in Moscow, who was expected, did not come.
Determining the intensity and energy expenditure during commuter cycling
Authors: de Geus B , De Smet S , Nijs J , Meeusen R 
Published: October 2006

Objectives:To determine the intensity and energy expenditure during commuter cycling, and to investigate whether cycling to work at a self-chosen intensity corresponds to recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) for health improvement and ACSM recommendations for fitness improvement.Methods:18 healthy, untrained middle-aged people, who did not cycle to work, underwent two maximal exercise tests (MT and MT2) in order to measure their maximal heart rate and oxygen consumption (VO2). MT2 was performed 24 weeks after MT. Participants were asked to cycle at least three times a week to their workplace over a one-way minimum distance of 2 km. Data on cycling were recorded in a diary. 12 weeks after MT, a field test was conducted, where participants had to cycle to or from their workplace. The same measurements were taken as during MT as markers of exercise intensity. Metabolic equivalents (METs) and energy expenditure were calculated.Results:The intensity during the field test was >75% of their maximal aerobic capacity. The mean (SD) MET value was 6.8 (1.9). The energy expenditure during the field test was 220 (115) kcal or 540 (139) kcal/h and 1539 (892) kcal/week. Men consumed significantly (p<0.01) more energy per hour than women.Conclusion:Commuter cycling at a self-selected intensity meets the CDC and ACSM recommendations for health improvement and the ACSM recommendations for improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, as the participants cycled faster during the field test than during daily cycling, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Prosodic Shaping of Consonant Gemination in Cypriot Greek
Authors: Payne Elinor , Eftychiou Eftychia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of durational variation inlexical and post-lexical geminate alveolar laterals, under different stress conditions,in Cypriot Greek. Lexical geminates are found to be longer than post-lexicals,and both geminates and non-geminates are longer in word-initial position. Thedurational distinction is robust in all conditions, but particularly for word-initiallexical geminates. Post-lexical geminates and word-initial lexical geminates aresignificantly longer when pre-stress. Word-initial geminates are longer when precededby a word-final nasal (the condition for post-lexical gemination), thus creatinga kind of ‘supergeminate’ consonant and indicating that word-final nasals arenot deleted, as has previously been thought to be the case. Implications for thephonological analysis of Cypriot Greek geminates and the role of prosodic andphonotactic restrictions are considered.
Sensorineural hearing loss associated with hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhisa , Kobayashi Toshimitsu , Kusakari Jun , Takasaka Tomonori , Yumita Shigeru , Furukawa Yohtaro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe hearing loss of 21 patients with hypoparathyroidism was investigated by pure tone audiometry, short increment sensitivity index (SISI) test, Békésy audiometry, speech audiometry, and auditory brain stem response. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in 7 of 21 patients (13 of 42 ears) receiving no treatment for hypoparathyroidism or having chronic hypocalcemia. The high SISI score, presence of recruitment, and prolongation of the wave I (N1) latency suggested that the inner ear is responsible for hearing loss in these cases. Inner ear dysfunction was probably due to the low calcium level in inner ear fluid and/or the direct effect of vitamin D deficiency on the inner ear.
Integrating research education across departments and disciplines: theory and experience
Authors: Tellefsen Brynjulf 
Published: October 2006

This paper offers advice on how to organize doctoral programmes in design based on theory, generalization from the team organization project at the Norwegian School of Management (NSM) and the author's personal experience as a team leader.
A doctoral programme in design employs experts
from conceptually separate disciplines and physically separated units. Teachers and students create the learning climate of creative and investigative processes. Knowledge managers convert from hierarchical organizations based on individual empowerment to teams. They motivate to accept team
task responsibility. Members participate in team coordination and integration to create superior development and implement the production, distribution, and application of knowledge.
The author presents theories of conversion to teams. The paper discusses ideal leader and member values
and behaviour during and after conversion. Experience from the conversion process at the Norwegian School of Management (NSM) illustrates effects of following and deviating from the ideal theory of team organization.
Book Reviews
Authors: Macpherson Heidi Slettedahl , Shapiro Stephen , Bernier Celeste-Marie , Cordle Dan , Street Joe , Whalan Mark , Lustig T.J , Taylor Sophia , Gair Chris , Bone Martyn , Horeck Tanya , Lyons James , Bernier Celeste-Marie 
Published: October 2006

Maria Lauret, Alice Walker. Houndmills and London: Macmillan Press, 2000, x+252pp., ISBN 0-333-59269-7 Cloth: 45.00; ISBN 0-333-59270-0 Paper: 14.99.
Julie Ellison, Cato's Tears and the Making of Anglo-American Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 242pp. ISBN
0-226-205967 Paper: 11.50; ISBN 0-226-205959 Cloth: 28.00.
Alan J. Rice & Martin Crawford (eds.), Liberating Sojourn: Frederick Douglass and Transatlantic Reform. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1999, vii + 217pp. ISBN 0-8203-2102-8 Cloth: 45.00; ISBN 0-8203-2129-X
Paper: 20.00.
Walter Nugent and Martin Ridge (eds.), The American West: The Anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. 440pp. Paper: 14.95; Cloth: 30.50
Lindon Barrett, Blackness and Value: Seeing Double. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 272pp. ISBN 0-521-62103-8
Cloth: 37.50.
Charles Scruggs and Lee VanDemarr, Jean Toomer and the Terrors of American History. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 318pp. ISBN 0-8122-3451-0 Cloth: 33.50.
Henry James, Hawthorne, edited by Kate Fullbrook. Nottingham: Trent Editions, 1999,
xxiii+149pp. ISBN 0-905488-43-1 Paper: 6.99.
Susan J. Rosowski, Editor, Cather Studies, Volume 3. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, 303pp. ISBN-0-8032-3920-3 Cloth: 42.75.
Keith Newlin and Joseph B. McCullough (eds.), Selected Letters of Hamlin Garland.
Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1998, xl+468pp. ISBN 0-8032-2160-6 Cloth: 52.00.
Jeffrey J. Folks and Nancy Summer Folks (eds.), The World Is Our Home: Society and Culture in Contemporary Southern Writing. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000, 288pp. ISBN
0-8131-2166-3 Cloth: 29.95.
Catherine Ross Nickerson, The Web of Iniquity: Early Detective Fiction by American Women, Durham & London, Duke University Press, 1998, 275pp. ISBN 0-8223-2271-4, Cloth: 34.00; ISBN 0-8223-2251-X Paper: 11.95.
Rick Altman, The American Film Musical.
Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 400pp. ISBN 0-253-20514-X- Paper: 19.95.
Karl Kroeber (ed.), Traditional Literatures of the American Indian: Texts and Interpretations (Second Edition), Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, 159pp. ISBN 0-8032-2733-7
Cloth: 32.95; ISBN 0-8032-7782-2 Paper 10.95.
Book Reviews
Authors: Jordan Barry , Stewart Miranda , Cleminson Richard M , Starr Richard P 
Published: October 2006

Rob Rix and Roberto Rodrguez-Saona (eds) (1999), Spanish Cinema: Calling the Shots. Leeds Iberian Papers. Leeds: Trinity and All Saints, 153 pp. ISBN 0-9525636-7-3
The Open University (1999) En Rumbo 1 and En Rumbo 2, A fresh start in Spanish. London: Routledge, 238
+ 214 pp. ISBN 0-415-20324-4 and 0-415-20325-2
Christopher J. Ross (2000) Spain 18121996. Modern History for Modern Languages. London: Arnold, xii+180 pp. ISBN 0 340 74113 9 (pb)
David Wingeate Pike (2000) Spaniards in the Holocaust. Mauthausen, the horror on the Danube.
London and New York: Routledge, xxvi + 442 pp. ISBN 0-415-22780-1.