bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical budgeting of potassium in soil: A basis for understanding standard measures of reserve potassium
Authors: Andrist‐Rangel Ylva , Simonsson Magnus , Andersson Stefan , Öborn Ingrid , Hillier Stephen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the relationship between some standard measures of soil reserve potassium (K) and soil mineralogy. Eight different agricultural soils from the N temperate and S boreal regions were studied and analyzed both by standard methods (exchangeable K, 2 M HCl‐ and aqua regia–extractable K) and by quantitative mineralogical methods based on X‐ray powder diffraction analysis of spray‐dried bulk soils. Linear regression and multivariate methods were used to assess the relationships between standard measures of soil reserve K and a number of soil chemical, physical, and mineralogical properties. A mineralogical budgeting approach, to estimate total K and its speciation between different mineral phases, is shown to be accurate after validation against total K analyzed geochemically. This approach enabled us to determine that both HCl‐ and aqua regia–extractable K were highly correlated with K in dioctahedral phyllosilicates and extracted 1%–17% and 5%–45% of total K, respectively. Neither extraction showed any obvious relationship to K in feldspar, which is frequently a larger reservoir of K in the soils examined.
Pleistocene landscapes in central Iberia inferred from pollen analysis of hyena coprolites
Authors: Carrión J. S. , Scott L. , Arribas A. , Fuentes N. , Gil‐Romera G. , Montoya E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNew pollen data from hyena coprolites from central Spain are presented. The fossil faecal material has been recovered from two karstic systems in different localities, Villacastín and Los Torrejones, which are both around 1000 m a.s.l. The combined findings of bone remains and coprolites in both locations suggest the following chronology: late Middle Pleistocene for Villacastín and early Upper Pleistocene for Los Torrejones. The environments inferred from pollen are broadly in keeping with evidence from associated vertebrate fossil remains, and include a shifting mosaic of open and wooded habitats with abundant pine and juniper species, steppe‐grassland areas with composites and chenopods, and enclaves with mixed oak forests. However, Los Torrejones appears to have been less forested than Villacastín. The abundance of oaks in Villacastín may imply the presence of refugia within an interconnected network of several enclaves during the glacial stages in the Upper Pleistocene. A possible explanation for the patchiness of the landscape may be in the role of herbivores, although the long distances and variety of habitats that hyenas had to roam through could be another explanation for the heterogeneous pollen contents in their dung. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of the Use of Oscillatory Flow to Characterize Isotactic and Syndiotactic Poly(propylene)s
Authors: Rojo Elena , Peña Begoña , Muñoz Maria Eugenia , Santamaría Anton 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: A rheological characterization of poly(propylene)s (PP) of different tacticity, monomodal and bimodal molecular distribution and long chain branching (LCB), is presented. Loss factor δ plotted as a function of the complex modulus G* allows to discriminate syndiotactic from isotactic PPs, as well as syndiotactic monomodal from bimodal samples. However, using such rheological plots is not effective to investigate the broadness of the molecular weight distribution and other rheological techniques are proposed. Isotactic and syndiotactic PPs submitted to electro beam irradiation give rise to thermorheological complexity, associated to LCB. The degree of LCB is estimated using complex viscosity results. Syndiotactic poly(propylene)s are more prone to give long branches than isotactic samples.A symptom of long chain branching is detected in irradiated syndiotactic PPs.magnified imageA symptom of long chain branching is detected in irradiated syndiotactic PPs.
Flash‐Heating‐Enhanced Ring‐Opening Polymerizations of ε‐Caprolactone under Conventional Conditions
Authors: Li Hao , Liao Liqiong , Wang Qingrong , Liu Lijian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: Flash conventional heating (FCH) and microwave heating (MH) were matched in their effects on the ROP of ε‐CL catalyzed by Sn(Oct)2. The temperature of the ROP, heated by a hot salt bath, increased from room temperature to 215 °C within 3 min, which rose a little faster than that by MH (213 °C at 6 min), and the way of heating was considered as FCH. The kinetic results indicate that the chain propagation of PCL was significantly accelerated under FCH conditions and the ratio of the chain propagation rate constant by FCH to that by MH (k/k) was 4.48, if the concentrations of their propagating species were the same. The largest number‐average molar mass ($\overline M _{\rm n}$) of PCL obtained by FCH was 13.0 × 104 g · mol−1 at 6 min, but that by MH was 4.1 × 104 g · mol−1 at 15 min. The ratio of the concentrations of propagating species under the two conditions $([{\rm P}_n^* ]^{{\rm FCH}} /[{\rm P}_n^* ]^{{\rm MH}} )$ was around one‐fifth at 4, 6, and 8 min.Thermal and kinetic behavior of the ROP of ε‐CL.magnified imageThermal and kinetic behavior of the ROP of ε‐CL.
High‐affinity triplex‐forming oligonucleotide target sequences in mammalian genomes
Authors: Wu Qi , Gaddis Sara S. , MacLeod Michael C. , Walborg Earl F. , Thames Howard D. , DiGiovanni John , Vasquez Karen M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSite‐specific recognition of duplex DNA by triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) provides a promising approach to manipulate mammalian genomes. A prerequisite for successful gene targeting using this approach is that the targeted gene must contain specific, high‐affinity TFO target sequences (TTS). To date, TTS have been identified and characterized in only ∼37 human or rodent genes, limiting the application of triplex‐directed gene targeting. We searched the complete human and mouse genomes using an algorithm designed to identify high‐affinity TTS. The resulting data set contains 1.9 million potential TTS for each species. We found that 97.8% of known human and 95.2% of known mouse genes have at least one potential high‐affinity TTS in the promoter and/or transcribed gene regions. Importantly, 86.5% of known human and 83% of the known mouse genes have at least one TTS that is unique to that gene. Thus, it is possible to target the majority of human and mouse genes with specific TFOs. We found substantially more potential TTS in the promoter sequences than in the transcribed gene sequences or intergenic sequences in both genomes. We selected 12 mouse genes and 2 human genes critical for cell signaling, proliferation, and/or carcinogenesis, identified potential TTS in each, and determined TFO binding affinities to these sites in vitro. We identified at least one high‐affinity, specific TFO binding site within each of these genes. Using this information, many genes involved in mammalian cell proliferation and carcinogenesis can now be targeted. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined effects of p73 and MDM2 polymorphisms on the risk of lung cancer
Authors: Jun Hee Jung , Park Sun Ha , Lee Won Kee , Choi Jin Eun , Jang Jin Sung , Kim Eun Jin , Cha Sung Ick , Kim Dong Sun , Kam Sin , Kim Chang Ho , Kang Young Mo , Jung Tae Hoon , Park Jae Yong 
Published: September 2006

Abstractp73, a structural and functional homologue of p53, plays an important role in modulating cell‐cycle control and apoptosis. MDM2 represses the transcriptional activity of p73 and thus attenuates its activity. Based on the interaction between p73 and MDM2 in cell‐cycle control and apoptosis, we investigated the association between p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 and MDM2 309T > G polymorphisms, alone and in combination, on the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. The p73 and MDM2 genotypes were determined in 582 lung cancer patients and in 582 healthy control subjects who were frequency‐matched for age and gender. The p73 AT/AT and MDM2 309 GG genotypes were associated with a nonsignificant increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83–2.24; and adjusted OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.92–1.80, respectively), compared with their wild‐type genotypes, respectively. When the p73 and MDM2 polymorphisms were combined, the risk of lung cancer increased in a dose‐dependent manner as the number of variant alleles increased (Ptrend = 0.01). Subjects with three or four variant alleles were at a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.11–2.74, P = 0.02) compared to subjects with zero variant allele. These results suggest an additive effect of the p73 and MDM2 variant alleles on an increased risk of lung cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic spectrum of PINK1‐associated parkinsonism in 15 mutation carriers from 1 family
Authors: Hiller Anja , Hagenah Johann M. , Djarmati Ana , Hedrich Katja , Reetz Kathrin , Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Kress Wolfgang , Münchau Alexander , Klein Christine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe phenotypic spectrum of PINK1‐associated Parkinsonism was studied in a family with homozygous (n = 4) or heterozygous (n = 3) PINK1 mutations. All homozygous mutation carriers were definitely affected; the heterozygous carriers were asymptomatic but displayed unequivocal signs of probable or possible Parkinsonism. This finding suggests a role not only of homozygous but also of heterozygous PINK1 mutations in the development of parkinsonian signs and underlines the necessity to carefully investigate family members of affected mutation carriers. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Progressive motor syndrome in a welder with pallidal T1 hyperintensity on MRI: A two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kenangil Gülay , Ertan Sibel , Sayilir Idris , Özekmekçi Sibel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChronic exposure to manganese (Mn) fume during welding may lead to mainly extrapyramidal syndrome that is resistant to treatment. We present a 32‐year‐old patient who developed severe postural instability, Parkinsonism, dystonia, and pyramidal signs in the 10th year of welding. The neurological condition of the patient worsened markedly in the following 3 years, resulting in severe disability rendering him to be assisted in all his daily activities and he did not benefit from any dopaminergic agent. T1 sequences of the MRI of the brain showed pallidal hyperintensity symmetrically. Welders in our country often protect their eyes but ignore to use tools that protect them from inhalation of the fume. Since chronic Mn toxicity may cause serious disability and irreversible neurological disturbances, we strongly believe that it is necessary to inform welders and their employers about this potential hazard. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Novel mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene causing a cognitive and movement disorder with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shang Hui‐Fang , Jiang Xiao‐Feng , Burgunder Jean‐Marc , Chen Qin , Zhou Dong 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn a Chinese woman who had diabetes mellitus, undetectable ceruloplasmin, hand tremor, neck dystonia, and cognitive disturbances, genetic analyses revealed a novel homozygous mutation (848G>C or W283S) in exon 5 in the ceruloplasmin gene. Another member with a milder phenotype was also affected by this mutation. The healthy sister was heterozygous at the same position. Aceruloplasminemia has not yet been reported in China. This case suggests that increased awareness should be paid to this disorder in the presence of the typical symptoms. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The evolution of progesterone receptor ligands
Authors: Madauss Kevin P. , Stewart Eugene L. , Williams Shawn P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProgesterone is one of the first nuclear receptor hormones to be described functionally and subsequently approached as a drug target. Because progesterone (1) affects both menstruation and gestation via the progesterone receptor (PR), research aimed at modulating its activity is usually surrounded by controversy. However, ligands for PR were developed into drugs, and their evolution can be crudely divided into three periods: (1) drug‐like steroids that mimic the gestational properties of progesterone; (2) drug‐like steroids with different properties from progesterone and expanded therapeutic applications; and (3) non‐steroidal PR ligands with improved selectivity and modulator properties and further expanded therapeutic applications. Although the latter have yet to see widespread clinical applications, their development is founded on a half century of research, and they represent the future for this drug target. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 3, 374–400, 2007
Muscle activation assessment: Effects of method, stimulus number, and joint angle
Authors: Bampouras Theodoros M. , Reeves Neil D. , Baltzopoulos Vasilios , Maganaris Constantinos N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractActivation capacity has traditionally been assessed using the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) and central activation ratio (CAR). However, the quantitative agreement of the two methods and the physiological mechanisms underpinning any possible differences have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare and assess the sensitivity of the ITT and CAR to potential errors introduced by (1) evoking inadequate force, by manipulating the number of stimuli, and (2) neglecting differences in series elasticity between conditions, by manipulating joint angle. Ten subjects performed knee extension contractions at 30° and 90° knee‐joint angles during which the ITT and CAR methods were applied using 1, 2, 4, and 8 electrical stimuli. Joint angle influenced the ITT outcome with higher values taken at 90° (P < 0.05), while the number of stimuli influenced the CAR outcome with a higher number of stimuli yielding lower values (P < 0.05). For any given joint angle and stimulus number, the CAR method produced higher activation values than the ITT method by 8%–16%. Therefore, in the quantification of voluntary drive with the ITT and CAR methods consideration should be given not only to the number of stimuli applied but also to the effect of series elasticity due to joint‐angle differences, since these factors may differently affect the outcome of the calculation, depending on the approach followed. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Dietary treatment of gluten neuropathy
Authors: Hadjivassiliou Marios , Kandler Rosalind H. , Chattopadhyay Arup K. , Davies‐Jones Aelwyn G. B. , Jarratt John A. , Sanders David S. , Sharrack Basil , Grünewald Richard A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe studied the effect of a gluten‐free diet in patients with idiopathic sensorimotor axonal neuropathy and circulating antigliadin antibodies. Consecutive patients underwent baseline neurophysiological assessment and were offered a gluten‐free diet. Those who went on the diet formed the intention‐to‐treat group and those who did not were the control group. Repeat neurophysiological assessment and subjective evaluation of neuropathy symptoms were performed at 1 year. A total of 35 patients participated in the study, with 25 patients going on the diet and 10 not doing so. There was a significant difference in the change of sural sensory action potentials (pre‐defined primary endpoint), with evidence of improvement in the intention‐to‐treat group and deterioration in the control group. Subjective change in neuropathy symptoms also showed significant differences, with patients in the intention‐to‐treat group reporting improvement and those in the control group reporting deterioration. Gluten‐free diet may thus be a useful therapeutic intervention for patients with gluten neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Measurement of coping and stress responses in women with breast cancer
Authors: Compas Bruce E. , Beckjord Ellen , Agocha Bede , Sherman Marne L. , Langrock Adela , Grossman Cynthia I. , Dausch Barbara , Glinder Judith , Kaiser Cheryl , Anderson‐Hanley Cay , Luecken Linda 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe development of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire‐cancer version (RSQ‐CV) to assess coping with and responses to the stress of breast cancer is described. The RSQ‐CV was completed by 232 women with breast cancer near the time of their diagnosis. Confirmatory factor analyses verified a model that includes three voluntary coping factors (primary control engagement coping, secondary control engagement coping, disengagement coping) and two involuntary stress response factors (involuntary engagement, involuntary disengagement). Internal consistency reliability, and stability over 12 weeks for the five factors were adequate to excellent. Convergent and discriminant validity was examined through correlations with measures of intrusive thoughts, avoidance, and dimensions of perceived control. Significant correlations with symptoms of anxiety and depression are also reported. Applications of the RSQ‐CV for research with breast cancer patients are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compton profile study of gold: Theory and experiment
Authors: Ahuja B. L. , Sharma M. , Bross H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe present momentum densities and Compton profiles for gold calculated in the local‐density approximation (LDA) by use of the modified augmented plane wave (MAPW) self‐consistent scheme. Our theoretical calculations have been compared with our experimental Compton profile, measured at an intermediate resolution (0.40 a.u.) using 661.65 keV gamma‐rays. We have also compared our measurements with the APW calculations of Papanicolaou et al. It is seen that our LDA‐MAPW calculations with e––e– correlation correction are in better agreement with our experimental data. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometric and electronic structure of carbon nanotube junctions obtained by intersection of cylinders
Authors: László I. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work the local electronic densities of states are calculated for four carbon nanotube junctions. The junctions are constructed with geometric intersection of cylinders. It was found that for any two nanotubes various junctions and thus various electronic structures can be constructed depending on the number of pentagons heptagons and other non‐hexagonal polygons. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Combining ability analysis of blackpod disease incidence in cocoa genotypes in Ghana
Authors: Adomako B 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThere were significant differences between cocoa genotypes in the levels of blackpod disease in two field trials. Additive (genetic) effects were predominant. The genotypes Pa 150, Alph. B36 and Pound 7 were identified as the best parents for breeding for enhanced resistance to the disease. The performance of cocoa progenies in terms of blackpod disease incidence cannot always be reliably predicted from the genetic potential of their parents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effects of supplementing different forms of Acacia saligna leaves to grass hay on feed intake and growth of lambs
Authors: Asefa Getachew , Tamir Berhan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSupplementation with Acacia saligna leaves in fresh, wilted and sun‐dried forms to grass hay improved (p < 0.05) the organic matter and crude protein intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency by lambs. The sun‐dried leaves gave a greater reduction in fibre components and condensed tannins than the wilted and fresh forms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of supplementing different levels of leftover of khat (Catha edulis) to sorghum stover on nutrient intake and digestibility by goats
Authors: Tamir Berhan , Ismail Mohammed 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSupplementation with the leftover of khat (Catha edulis) of sorghum stover at 45–60% dry matter improved the intake and apparent digestibility of the dry matter and nutrients of the total diet by goats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A RANS 3D model with unbounded eddy viscosities
Authors: Lederer J. , Lewandowski R. 
Published: September 2006

We consider the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model of order one

(\mathbf{u},p,k)

set in

\mathbb{R}^{3}

which couples the Stokes Problem to the equation for the turbulent kinetic energy by

k

-dependent eddy viscosities in both equations and a quadratic term in the

k

-equation. We study the case where the velocity and the pressure satisfy periodic boundary conditions while the turbulent kinetic energy is defined on a cell with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The corresponding eddy viscosity in the fluid equation is extended to

\mathbb{R}^{3}

by periodicity. Our contribution is to prove that this system has a solution when the eddy viscosities are nondecreasing, smooth, unbounded functions of

k

, and the eddy viscosity in the fluid equation is a concave function.

Résumé

On considère le modèle de turbulence moyenné d'ordre 1 issu des équations de Navier–Stokes (modèle RANS) satisfait par la vitesse moyenne

u

, la pression moyenne

p

et l'énergie cinétique turbulente

k

(ECT), le problème étant posé dans

\mathbb{R}^{3}

. On ne considère pas les termes de convection dans ce problème. Les équations pour la vitesse et la pression sont couplées avec l'équation pour l'ECT par des viscosités turbulentes fonctions de l'ECT et un terme quadratique dans le second membre de l'équation pour l'ECT. On considère le cas de conditions aux limites périodiques pour la vitesse et la pression, l'ECT étant définie dans une cellule avec des conditions de Dirichlet homogènes sur le bord et étendue à

\mathbb{R}^{3}

par périodicité. Les viscosités turbulentes correspondantes sont également étendues à

\mathbb{R}^{3}

par périodicité. Notre contribution dans ce travail est la preuve de l'existence d'une solution faible assez régulière à ce système, à savoir

H^{2}

, quand les viscosités turbulentes sont des fonctions croissantes de l'ECT, de classe

C^{2}

, non bornées et de plus la viscosité dans l'équation du fluide est une fonction concave.
Prospective study of the microbiological flora of hearing aid moulds and the efficacy of current cleaning techniques
Authors: Ahmad N , Etheridge C , Farrington M , Baguley D M 
Published: September 2006

Introduction: Wearing hearing aid earmoulds has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of chronic otitis externa. Audiologists come into contact with a large number of hearing aid earmoulds and these could potentially harbour pathogenic micro-organisms, with the risk of subsequent cross infection. Cleaning with dilute alcohol is widely used in an attempt to break the chain of infection.Objective: To determine the presence and nature of microbial flora on hearing aid earmoulds and the efficacy of cleaning methods used to prevent cross infection.Setting: Secondary health care within the audiology department of Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.Design: A prospective, observational study.Methods: Hearing aid earmoulds were swabbed before and after cleaning. Samples were cultured to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the microbiological flora present before and after cleaning.Results: Twenty out of 21 (95 per cent) earmoulds had microbes present and, of these, 19/20 (95 per cent) had a polymicrobial profile. Coagulase negative staphylococci and diphtheroids were the most frequent microbial isolates, but pathogenic bacteria and fungi were also demonstrated on earmoulds both before and after cleaning.Conclusions: The polymicrobial flora, including recognized pathogens, that colonizes earmoulds may lead to chronic otitis externa. Cleaning with 70 per cent alcohol solution was ineffective, in particular for pathogenic fungi on earmoulds.