bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twisted moiré conductive thermal metasurface
Authors: Li Huagen , Wang Dong , Xu Guoqiang , Liu Kaipeng , Zhang Tan , Li Jiaxin , Tao Guangming , Yang Shuihua , Lu Yanghua , Hu Run , Lin Shisheng , Li Ying , Qiu Cheng-Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtensive investigations on the moiré magic angle in twisted bilayer graphene have unlocked the emerging field—twistronics. Recently, its optics analogue, namely opto-twistronics, further expands the potential universal applicability of twistronics. However, since heat diffusion neither possesses the dispersion like photons nor carries the band structure as electrons, the real magic angle in electrons or photons is ill-defined for heat diffusion, making it elusive to understand or design any thermal analogue of magic angle. Here, we introduce and experimentally validate the twisted thermotics in a twisted diffusion system by judiciously tailoring thermal coupling, in which twisting an analog thermal magic angle would result in the function switching from cloaking to concentration. Our work provides insights for the tunable heat diffusion control, and opens up an unexpected branch for twistronics -- twisted thermotics, paving the way towards field manipulation in twisted configurations including but not limited to fluids.
Mi-2β promotes immune evasion in melanoma by activating EZH2 methylation
Authors: Li Cang , Wang Zhengyu , Yao Licheng , Lin Xingyu , Jian Yongping , Li Yujia , Zhang Jie , Shao Jingwei , Tran Phuc D. , Hagman James R. , Cao Meng , Cong Yusheng , Li Hong-yu , Goding Colin R. , Xu Zhi-Xiang , Liao Xuebin , Miao Xiao , Cui Rutao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent development of new immune checkpoint inhibitors has been particularly successfully in cancer treatment, but still the majority patients fail to benefit. Converting resistant tumors to immunotherapy sensitive will provide a significant improvement in patient outcome. Here we identify Mi-2β as a key melanoma-intrinsic effector regulating the adaptive anti-tumor immune response. Studies in genetically engineered mouse melanoma models indicate that loss of Mi-2β rescues the immune response to immunotherapy in vivo. Mechanistically, ATAC-seq analysis shows that Mi-2β controls the accessibility of IFN-γ-stimulated genes (ISGs). Mi-2β binds to EZH2 and promotes K510 methylation of EZH2, subsequently activating the trimethylation of H3K27 to inhibit the transcription of ISGs. Finally, we develop an Mi-2β-targeted inhibitor, Z36-MP5, which reduces Mi-2β ATPase activity and reactivates ISG transcription. Consequently, Z36-MP5 induces a response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in otherwise resistant melanoma models. Our work provides a potential therapeutic strategy to convert immunotherapy resistant melanomas to sensitive ones.
Dependency on host vitamin B12 has shaped Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex evolution
Authors: Campos-Pardos Elena , Uranga Santiago , Picó Ana , Gómez Ana Belén , Gonzalo-Asensio Jesús 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman and animal tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), which has evolved a genomic decay of cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes. Accordingly, and in sharp contrast to environmental, opportunistic and ancestor mycobacteria; we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis (Mtb), M. africanum, and animal-adapted lineages, lack endogenous production of cobalamin, yet they retain the capacity for exogenous uptake. A B12 anemic model in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice, demonstrates improved survival, and lower bacteria in organs, in B12 anemic animals infected with Mtb relative to non-anemic controls. Conversely, no differences were observed between mice groups infected with M. canettii, an ancestor mycobacterium which retains cobalamin biosynthesis. Interrogation of the B12 transcriptome in three MTBC strains defined L-methionine synthesis by metE and metH genes as a key phenotype. Expression of metE is repressed by a cobalamin riboswitch, while MetH requires the cobalamin cofactor. Thus, deletion of metE predominantly attenuates Mtb in anemic mice; although inactivation of metH exclusively causes attenuation in non-anemic controls. Here, we show how sub-physiological levels of B12 in the host antagonizes Mtb virulence, and describe a yet unknown mechanism of host-pathogen cross-talk with implications for B12 anemic populations.
Non-coding autoimmune risk variant defines role for ICOS in T peripheral helper cell development
Authors: Kim Taehyeung , Martínez-Bonet Marta , Wang Qiang , Hackert Nicolaj , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Baglaenko Yuriy , Koh Byunghee , Darbousset Roxane , Laza-Briviesca Raquel , Chen Xiaoting , Aguiar Vitor R. C. , Chiu Darren J. , Westra Harm-Jan , Gutierrez-Arcelus Maria , Weirauch Matthew T. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Rao Deepak A. , Nigrovic Peter A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFine-mapping and functional studies implicate rs117701653, a non-coding single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS locus, as a risk variant for rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Here, using DNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, genome editing and eQTL analysis, we establish that the disease-associated risk allele is functional, reducing affinity for the inhibitory chromosomal regulator SMCHD1 to enhance expression of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) in memory CD4+ T cells from healthy donors. Higher ICOS expression is paralleled by an increase in circulating T peripheral helper (Tph) cells and, in rheumatoid arthritis patients, of blood and joint fluid Tph cells as well as circulating plasmablasts. Correspondingly, ICOS ligation and carriage of the rs117701653 risk allele accelerate T cell differentiation into CXCR5-PD-1high Tph cells producing IL-21 and CXCL13. Thus, mechanistic dissection of a functional non-coding variant in human autoimmunity discloses a previously undefined pathway through which ICOS regulates Tph development and abundance.
Prefrontal control of superior colliculus modulates innate escape behavior following adversity
Authors: Ritter Ami , Habusha Shlomi , Givon Lior , Edut Shahaf , Klavir Oded 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInnate defensive responses, though primarily instinctive, must also be highly adaptive to changes in risk assessment. However, adaptive changes can become maladaptive, following severe stress, as seen in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a series of experiments, we observed long-term changes in innate escape behavior of male mice towards a previously non-threatening stimulus following an adverse shock experience manifested as a shift in the threshold of threat response. By recording neural activity in the superior colliculus (SC) while phototagging specific responses to afferents, we established the crucial influence of input arriving at the SC from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), both directly and indirectly, on escape-related activity after adverse shock experience. Inactivating these specific projections during the shock effectively abolished the observed changes. Conversely, optogenetically activating them during encounters controlled escape responses. This establishes the necessity and sufficiency of those specific mPFC inputs into the SC for adverse experience related changes in innate escape behavior.
Interrogations of single-cell RNA splicing landscapes with SCASL define new cell identities with physiological relevance
Authors: Xiang Xianke , He Yao , Zhang Zemin , Yang Xuerui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRNA splicing shapes the gene regulatory programs that underlie various physiological and disease processes. Here, we present the SCASL (single-cell clustering based on alternative splicing landscapes) method for interrogating the heterogeneity of RNA splicing with single-cell RNA-seq data. SCASL resolves the issue of biased and sparse data coverage on single-cell RNA splicing and provides a new scheme for classifications of cell identities. With previously published datasets as examples, SCASL identifies new cell clusters indicating potentially precancerous and early-tumor stages in triple-negative breast cancer, illustrates cell lineages of embryonic liver development, and provides fine clusters of highly heterogeneous tumor-associated CD4 and CD8 T cells with functional and physiological relevance. Most of these findings are not readily available via conventional cell clustering based on single-cell gene expression data. Our study shows the potential of SCASL in revealing the intrinsic RNA splicing heterogeneity and generating biological insights into the dynamic and functional cell landscapes in complex tissues.
AlphaPept: a modern and open framework for MS-based proteomics
Authors: Strauss Maximilian T. , Bludau Isabell , Zeng Wen-Feng , Voytik Eugenia , Ammar Constantin , Schessner Julia P. , Ilango Rajesh , Gill Michelle , Meier Florian , Willems Sander , Mann Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn common with other omics technologies, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics produces ever-increasing amounts of raw data, making efficient analysis a principal challenge. A plethora of different computational tools can process the MS data to derive peptide and protein identification and quantification. However, during the last years there has been dramatic progress in computer science, including collaboration tools that have transformed research and industry. To leverage these advances, we develop AlphaPept, a Python-based open-source framework for efficient processing of large high-resolution MS data sets. Numba for just-in-time compilation on CPU and GPU achieves hundred-fold speed improvements. AlphaPept uses the Python scientific stack of highly optimized packages, reducing the code base to domain-specific tasks while accessing the latest advances. We provide an easy on-ramp for community contributions through the concept of literate programming, implemented in Jupyter Notebooks. Large datasets can rapidly be processed as shown by the analysis of hundreds of proteomes in minutes per file, many-fold faster than acquisition. AlphaPept can be used to build automated processing pipelines with web-serving functionality and compatibility with downstream analysis tools. It provides easy access via one-click installation, a modular Python library for advanced users, and via an open GitHub repository for developers.
Neural timescales reflect behavioral demands in freely moving rhesus macaques
Authors: Manea Ana M. G. , Maisson David J.-N. , Voloh Benjamin , Zilverstand Anna , Hayden Benjamin , Zimmermann Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious work demonstrated a highly reproducible cortical hierarchy of neural timescales at rest, with sensory areas displaying fast, and higher-order association areas displaying slower timescales. The question arises how such stable hierarchies give rise to adaptive behavior that requires flexible adjustment of temporal coding and integration demands. Potentially, this lack of variability in the hierarchical organization of neural timescales could reflect the structure of the laboratory contexts. We posit that unconstrained paradigms are ideal to test whether the dynamics of neural timescales reflect behavioral demands. Here we measured timescales of local field potential activity while male rhesus macaques foraged in an open space. We found a hierarchy of neural timescales that differs from previous work. Importantly, although the magnitude of neural timescales expanded with task engagement, the brain areas’ relative position in the hierarchy was stable. Next, we demonstrated that the change in neural timescales is dynamic and contains functionally-relevant information, differentiating between similar events in terms of motor demands and associated reward. Finally, we demonstrated that brain areas are differentially affected by these behavioral demands. These results demonstrate that while the space of neural timescales is anatomically constrained, the observed hierarchical organization and magnitude is dependent on behavioral demands.
Tuning polymer-backbone coplanarity and conformational order to achieve high-performance printed all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Wu Yilei , Yuan Yue , Sorbelli Diego , Cheng Christina , Michalek Lukas , Cheng Hao-Wen , Jindal Vishal , Zhang Song , LeCroy Garrett , Gomez Enrique D. , Milner Scott T. , Salleo Alberto , Galli Giulia , Asbury John B. , Toney Michael F. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) offer improved morphological and mechanical stability compared with those containing small-molecule-acceptors (SMAs). They can be processed with a broader range of conditions, making them desirable for printing techniques. In this study, we report a high-performance polymer acceptor design based on bithiazole linker (PY-BTz) that are on par with SMAs. We demonstrate that bithiazole induces a more coplanar and ordered conformation compared to bithiophene due to the synergistic effect of non-covalent backbone planarization and reduced steric encumbrances. As a result, PY-BTz shows a significantly higher efficiency of 16.4% in comparison to the polymer acceptors based on commonly used thiophene-based linkers (i.e., PY-2T, 9.8%). Detailed analyses reveal that this improvement is associated with enhanced conjugation along the backbone and closer interchain π-stacking, resulting in higher charge mobilities, suppressed charge recombination, and reduced energetic disorder. Remarkably, an efficiency of 14.7% is realized for all-PSCs that are solution-sheared in ambient conditions, which is among the highest for devices prepared under conditions relevant to scalable printing techniques. This work uncovers a strategy for promoting backbone conjugation and planarization in emerging polymer acceptors that can lead to superior all-PSCs.
A Ce-CuZn catalyst with abundant Cu/Zn-OV-Ce active sites for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Ye Runping , Ma Lixuan , Mao Jianing , Wang Xinyao , Hong Xiaoling , Gallo Alessandro , Ma Yanfu , Luo Wenhao , Wang Baojun , Zhang Riguang , Duyar Melis Seher , Jiang Zheng , Liu Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation to chemicals and fuels is a significant approach for achieving carbon neutrality. It is essential to rationally design the chemical structure and catalytic active sites towards the development of efficient catalysts. Here we show a Ce-CuZn catalyst with enriched Cu/Zn-OV-Ce active sites fabricated through the atomic-level substitution of Cu and Zn into Ce-MOF precursor. The Ce-CuZn catalyst exhibits a high methanol selectivity of 71.1% and a space-time yield of methanol up to 400.3 g·kgcat−1·h−1 with excellent stability for 170 h at 260 °C, comparable to that of the state-of-the-art CuZnAl catalysts. Controlled experiments and DFT calculations confirm that the incorporation of Cu and Zn into CeO2 with abundant oxygen vacancies can facilitate H2 dissociation energetically and thus improve CO2 hydrogenation over the Ce-CuZn catalyst via formate intermediates. This work offers an atomic-level design strategy for constructing efficient multi-metal catalysts for methanol synthesis through precise control of active sites.
Atlantic origin of the increasing Asian westerly jet interannual variability
Authors: Lin Lifei , Hu Chundi , Wang Bin , Wu Renguang , Wu Zeming , Yang Song , Cai Wenju , Li Peiliang , Xiong Xuejun , Chen Dake 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe summer Eurasian westerly jet is reported to become weaker and wavier, thus promoting the frequent weather extremes. However, the primary driver of the changing jet stream remains in debate, mainly due to the regionality and seasonality of the Eurasian jet. Here we report a sharp increase, by approximately 140%, in the interannual variability of the summertime East Asian jet (EAJ) since the end of twentieth century. Such interdecadal change induces considerable changes in the large-scale circulation pattern across Eurasia, and consequently weather and climate extremes including heatwaves, droughts, and Asian monsoonal rainfall regime shifts. The trigger mainly emerges from preceding February North Atlantic seesaw called Scandinavian pattern (contributing to 81.1 ± 2.9% of the enhanced EAJ variability), which harnesses the “cross-seasonal-coupled oceanic-atmospheric bridge” to exert a delayed impact on EAJ and thus aids relevant predictions five months in advance. However, projections from state-of-the-art models with prescribed anthropogenic forcing exhibit no similar circulation changes. This sheds light on that, at the interannual timescale, a substantial portion of recently increasing variability in the East Asian sector of the Eurasian westerly jet arises from unforced natural variability.
Prediction of electrode microstructure evolutions with physically constrained unsupervised image-to-image translation networks
Authors: Sciazko Anna , Komatsu Yosuke , Shimura Takaaki , Shikazono Naoki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrostructure of electrodes determines the performance of electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and batteries. The efficiency and economic feasibility of these technologies depend on the stability of the microstructures throughout their lifetime. Although modeling techniques were proposed for determining electrode performance from 2- or 3-dimensional microstructural data, it is still extremely challenging to predict long-term structural degradation by means of numerical simulations. One of the major challenges is to overcome the difficulties in obtaining experimental data of an identical sample through the degradation process. In this work, a machine learning-based framework for predicting microstructural evolutions with limited amount of un-paired training data is proposed. Physically-constrained unsupervised image-to-image translation (UNIT) network is incorporated to predict nickel oxide reduction process in solid oxide fuel cell anode. The proposed framework is firstly validated by simplified toy-problems. Secondly, the UNIT network is applied to real microstructures of solid oxide fuel cells, which results in excellent visual and statistical agreements between real and artificially reduced samples. The proposed network can predict evolutions in new microstructures, which have not been used during training. Furthermore, a conditional UNIT network (C-UNIT) was demonstrated, which can predict the microstructure evolutions based on process conditions as well as continuous time series of microstructural changes.
Highly reliable and stretchable OLEDs based on facile patterning method: toward stretchable organic optoelectronic devices
Authors: Nam Minwoo , Chang Jaehyeock , Kim Hagseon , Son Young Hyun , Jeon Yongmin , Kwon Jeong Hyun , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStretchable displays attract significant attention because of their potential applications in wearable electronics, smart textiles, and human-conformable devices. This paper introduces an electrically stable, mechanically ultra-robust, and water-resistant stretchable OLED display (SOLED) mounted on a stress-relief pillar platform. The SOLED is fabricated on a thin, transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using conventional vacuum evaporation, organic-inorganic hybrid thin film encapsulation (TFE), and a nonselective laser patterning process. This simple and efficient process yields an OLED display with exceptional stretchability, reaching up to 95% strain and outstanding durability, enduring 100,000 stretch-release cycles at 50% strain. Operational lifetime and water-resistant storage lifetime measurements confirm that the TFE provides effective protection even after the nonselective laser patterning process. A 3 × 3 array SOLED display module mounted on a stress-relief pillar platform is successfully implemented, marking the first case of water-resistant display array operation in the field of SOLEDs. This work aims to develop practical stretchable displays by offering a reliable fabrication method and device design for creating mechanically robust and adaptable displays, potentially paving the way for future advances in human-conformable electronics and other innovative applications.
Documentation of comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and asthma management during primary care scheduled asthma contacts
Authors: Takala Jaana , Vähätalo Iida , Tuomisto Leena E. , Niemelä Onni , Ilmarinen Pinja , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSystematically assessing asthma during follow-up contacts is important to accomplish comprehensive treatment. No previous long-term studies exist on how comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and asthma management details are documented in scheduled asthma contacts in primary health care (PHC). We showed comorbidities and lifestyle factors were poorly documented in PHC in this real-life, 12-year, follow-up study. Documented information on rhinitis was found in 8.9% and BMI, overweight, or obesity in ≤1.5% of the 542 scheduled asthma contacts. Of the 145 patients with scheduled asthma contacts, 6.9% had undergone revision of their inhalation technique; 16.6% had documentation of their asthma action plan. Screening of respiratory symptoms was recorded in 79% but nasal symptoms in only 15.5% of contacts. Lifestyle guidance interventions were found in <1% of contacts. These results, based on documented patient data, indicate a need exists to further improve the assessment and guidance of asthma patients in PHC.
Two-dimensional phase diagram of the charge density wave in doped CsV3Sb5
Authors: Huai Linwei , Li Hongyu , Han Yulei , Luo Yang , Peng Shuting , Wei Zhiyuan , Shen Jianchang , Wang Bingqian , Miao Yu , Sun Xiupeng , Ou Zhipeng , Liu Bo , Yu Xiaoxiao , Xiang Ziji , Kuang Min-Quan , Qiao Zhenhua , Chen Xianhui , He Junfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb and Cs) have attracted much recent attention due to the coexistence of multiple exotic orders. Among them, the charge density wave (CDW) order has been shown to host various unconventional behaviors. Here, we investigate the CDW order by a combination of both bulk and surface doping methods. While element substitutions in bulk doping change both carriers and the crystal lattice, the surface doping primarily tunes the carrier concentration. As such, our results reveal a two-dimensional phase diagram of the CDW in doped CsV3Sb5. In the lightly bulk doped regime, the existence of CDW order is reversible by tuning the carrier concentration. But excessive bulk doping permanently destroys the CDW, regardless of the carrier doping level. These results provide insights to the origin of the CDW from both electronic and structural degrees of freedom. They also open an avenue for manipulating the exotic CDW order in Kagome superconductors.
One-dimensional topological phase and tunable soliton states in atomic nanolines on Si(001) surface
Authors: Song Biyu , Zhi Guoxiang , Hua Chenqiang , Wu Meimei , Dou Wenzhen , Gao Wenjin , Li Tianzhao , Niu Tianchao , Zhou Miao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFormation of exotic topological states on technologically important semiconductor substrate is significant from the aspects of both fundamental research and practical implementation. Here, we demonstrate one-dimensional (1D) topological phase and tunable soliton states in atomic nanolines self-assembled on Si(001) surface. By first-principles calculations and tight-binding modeling, we reveal that Bi nanolines provide an ideal system to realize a multi-orbital Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model, and the electronic properties can be modulated by substrate-orbital-filtering effect. The topological features are confirmed by nontrivial end states for a finite-length nanoline and (anti-)soliton states at the boundary of two topologically distinct phases. We demonstrate that solitons are highly mobile on the surface, and their formation could be controlled by surface B/N doping. As these nanolines can extend several micrometers long without kinks, and quantum transport simulations suggest clear signatures of topological states characterized by transmission resonance peaks, our work paves an avenue to achieve 1D topological phase compatible with semiconductor technology and to engineer the properties with high tunability and fidelity for quantum information processing.