bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Enhancement of Two Alloplastic Bone Matrices
Authors: Bateman Jeremy , Intini Giuseppe , Margarone Joseph , Goodloe Samuel , Bush Peter , Lynch Samuel E. , Dziak Rosemary 
Published: November 2005

Background: The use of alloplastic matrices that mimic the mineral phase of bone has become a viable alternative to current mainstream therapies in dentistry such as allografts and autogenous grafts. Because alloplastic bone substitutes generally have relatively poor osteogenic properties, analyzing their potential as vehicles to deliver growth factors is an important step in assessing methods to enhance their clinical efficacy. The aim of these studies was to treat beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) with platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB to enhance the osteogenic capabilities of these materials.Methods: In the β‐TCP studies, PDGF‐BB adsorption and release were accomplished using 125I radiolabeled growth factor and non‐radioactive human recombinant PDGF at a ratio of 1:300 M. For the adsorption studies, the radiolabeled PDGF‐BB/ non‐radioactive PDGF solutions with resultant PDGF concentrations of 10−7 and 10−8 M were incubated with β‐TCP from 1 to 120 minutes, and the amount of adsorbed 125I‐PDGF‐BB was measured using a gamma counter. Similar adsorption studies were conducted with a 30‐minute incubation of β‐TCP with various PDGF concentrations. In vitro release studies were conducted with β‐TCP to which radiolabeled PDGF had been adsorbed as above. Release studies were also conducted with CaSO4 that was hydrated with the radioactive PDGF solution described above for the TCP studies. In vivo PDGF‐BB release from β‐TCP and CaSO4 was evaluated in a mouse model, where the radioactive PDGF/non‐radioactive PDGF‐BB treated β‐TCP or CaSO4 sample was inserted subcutaneously and later removed for radioactive measurement. Proliferation of human osteoblastic cells in the presence of PDGF‐ treated β‐TCP or CaSO4 was assessed by 3H thymidine incorporation.Results: The absorption studies revealed that PDGF‐BB was absorbed in a concentration and time‐dependent manner to β‐TCP. In the in vitro release studies, ∼45% of the adsorbed PDGF‐BB was released after 10 days. In vivo release from both materials occurred faster than in vitro release. Osteoblastic cells incubated with PDGF‐BB‐treated matrices showed significantly (P <0.05, ANOVA) greater proliferation than with control matrices alone.Conclusion: These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using PDGF‐BB in combination with alloplastic materials such as β‐TCP or CaSO4 to serve as more effective bone graft materials with enhanced osteogenic properties.
Dimension of Keratinized Mucosa and the Interproximal Papilla Between Adjacent Implants
Authors: Lee Dong‐Won , Park Kwang‐Ho , Moon Ik‐Sang 
Published: November 2005

Background: The interproximal papilla between two adjacent implants is gaining critical interest in the implant dentistry. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of 1) the width of keratinized mucosa, 2) the distance from the base of the contact point to the crestal bone, and 3) the horizontal distance between two implants on the radiographic dimension from the tip of the papilla to the crestal bone between two implants.Methods: This study involved 72 interproximal papillae between two adjacent implants (interimplant papilla) in 52 patients who had implants placed adjacent to each other and had a prosthesis in place more than 1 year. The shortest distance between the radiopaque material on the tip of the interimplant papilla and most coronal portion of the interimplant crestal bone was measured (the radiographic length of the papilla [RL]). The width of keratinized mucosa from the tip of the papilla was measured (WK). The vertical distance between the base of the contact point and the interimplant crestal bone was measured (CC). The horizontal distance between the two adjacent implants was measured at the fixture‐abutment interface level (HD). Multiple regression analysis was performed between WK‐RL, CC‐RL, and HD‐RL.Results: RL had a significant relation with WK between two adjacent implants (P = 0.001). However, RL was not related with other variables, such as CC and HD (CC, P = 0.641; HD, P = 0.901).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the width of keratinized mucosa between two adjacent implants might be related to the dimension of the interproximal papilla between two adjacent implants.
Coverage of Miller Class I and II Recession Defects Using Enamel Matrix Proteins Versus Coronally Advanced Flap Technique: A 2‐Year Report
Authors: Spahr Axel , Haegewald Stefan , Tsoulfidou Fotini , Rompola Eirini , Heijl Lars , Bernimoulin Jean‐Pierre , Ring Christina , Sander Silvia , Haller Bernd 
Published: November 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate a comparison of the coronally advanced flap procedure with or without the use of enamel matrix proteins in the treatment of recession defects.Methods: This 2‐year study was conducted as a blinded, split‐mouth, placebo‐controlled, and randomized design. Thirty patients from two dental schools with two paired buccal recession defects were chosen. Surgical recession coverage was performed as the coronally advanced flap technique. One site was additionally treated with derivative (EMD) and the other site with a placebo (propylene glycol alginate [PGA]). A blinded examiner assessed pre‐ and post‐surgical measurements. Measurements comprised the height and width of the gingival recession, height of keratinized tissue, probing attachment level, probing depth, and alveolar bone level.Results: Twenty‐four months after therapy, both treatment modalities showed significant root coverage and probing attachment gain. The mean gingival recession decreased from 3.6 to 0.8 mm for the EMD‐treated sites and from 3.8 to 1.4 mm for the control sites. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.122). Similarly, all other clinical parameters did not differ significantly in the between‐group comparison except for the recession width (P = 0.027) and probing depth (P = 0.046) exhibiting higher reductions in the EMD group. Complete root coverage could be maintained over 2 years in 53% of the EMD versus merely 23% in the control group. A total of 47% of the treated recessions in the control group deteriorated again in the second year after therapy compared to 22% in the EMD group.Conclusion: Enamel matrix derivative seems to provide better long‐term results.
Bisphosphonate Modulates Cementoblast Behavior In Vitro
Authors: Chun Yong‐Hee P. , Foster Brian L. , Lukasavage Patricia A. , Berry Janice E. , Zhao Ming , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Somerman Martha J. 
Published: November 2005

Background: Cementum formation is deemed to be instrumental for the successful regeneration of periodontal tissues, and thus events and modifiers of cementum formation and mineralization need to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether the bisphosphonate 1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate (HEBP) altered the behavior of immortalized cementoblasts (osteocalcin‐cementoblasts [OCCM]).Methods: OCCM from transgenic mice were exposed to HEBP at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 μM. The assays performed included the count of cell number for proliferation, Northern blot analysis for gene expression (up to 10 days for core binding factor alpha‐1 [Cbfa1], bone sialoprotein [BSP], osteocalcin [OCN], and osteopontin [OPN], markers for cementoblast/osteoblast maturation/mineralization), von Kossa stain and alizarin red S stain for mineralization, and enzyme assay (p‐nitrophenol phosphate cleavage) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.Results: Mineral nodule formation was inhibited at the higher doses of HEBP (1.0 and 10.0 μM) only. At early stages (1, 3, and 6 days), gene expression assays revealed only subtle changes in treated cells versus untreated cells, but by day 10, groups treated with lower doses (0.01 and 0.1 μM) were markedly different at the gene expression level. OCN was significantly downregulated (70%) at the lowest dose, with less pronounced effects at higher doses. In concurrence, the master switch gene for osteoblasts, Cbfa1, was also downregulated at the lower doses. Inversely, OPN mRNA was enhanced at the lower doses. ALP activity was not altered by HEBP.Conclusion: Bisphosphonate alters cementoblast function in vitro through the regulation of gene expression and mineral formation.
Systemic Low‐Dose Doxycycline and Alendronate Administration and Serum Interleukin‐1Beta, Osteocalcin, and C‐Reactive Protein Levels in Rats
Authors: Buduneli Eralp , Buduneli Nurcan , Vardar‐Şengül Saynur , Kardeşler Levent , Atilla Gül , Lappin David , Kinane Denis F. 
Published: November 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of systemic administration of low‐dose doxycycline and a bisphosphonate, alendronate, on serum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), osteocalcin (OC), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in experimental periodontitis in rats.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by repeated injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli endotoxin. Forty‐seven adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into five study groups and given LPS, LPS + doxycycline, LPS + alendronate, LPS + doxycycline + alendronate, and saline control. At the end of the 1‐week protocol, blood samples were obtained, and the rats were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for IL‐1β, OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The jaws were defleshed, and alveolar bone loss was assessed morphometrically. Data were evaluated statistically by non‐parametric tests.Results: Morphometric measurements revealed significantly more bone loss in the LPS group compared to the saline control group (P <0.05). Alendronate revealed slight inhibition on alveolar bone loss either alone or in combination with doxycycline (alveolar bone loss: 0.41 mm in alendronate and combined drug treatment groups versus 0.45 mm in LPS and doxycycline groups). Significantly higher IL‐1β levels were observed with alendronate either alone or in combination with doxycycline than in the LPS group (P <0.05). Combined administration of doxycycline and alendronate showed significantly higher levels of OC than all of the other groups (P <0.01). Serum CRP levels did not exhibit significant differences between the study groups.Conclusions: Alendronate either alone or in combination with doxycycline provided slight inhibition on LPS‐induced alveolar bone resorption. The significantly increased serum OC level observed in the combined drug treatment group suggests that combined administration of alendronate and doxycycline might increase bone remodeling and thereby inhibit the progression of alveolar bone resorption in rats.
Analysis of Eosinophilic Round Bodies Formed After Injection of Enamel Matrix Derivative Into the Backs of Rats
Authors: Kim Nak‐Hyun , Tominaga Kazuya , Tanaka Akio 
Published: November 2005

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is used in dental clinics for the regeneration of alveolar bone. Its effects have not yet been clarified, although it induces eosinophilic round bodies (ERBs) and cartilage formation at the injection site. The objective of this experiment was to examine the histopathologic and biochemical properties of ERBs formed after EMD injection.Methods: The backs of Sprague‐Dawley rats injected with various concentrations of EMD were examined histopathologically. For biochemical examinations, ERBs were microdissected out from the sections. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), and database analysis of ERBs were carried out.Results: The histopathological findings were consistent with a foreign body reaction. Numerous ERBs were observed 7 days after injection of 30.0 mg/ml EMD. Histopathologically, ERBs did not contain polysaccharide, amyloid, or hemosiderin. The cells surrounding ERBs were not macrophages or vascular endothelial cells. SDS‐PAGE of the microdissected ERBs revealed an intense band at around the 40‐kDa region. MALDI‐TOF MS showed that the spectrum for ERBs has only a single strong ion intensity. Analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that the ERBs were composed of various molecular fragments, which all contained an identical seven amino acid sequence. In addition, these peptides are a component of amelogenin.Conclusions: A high concentration of EMD induces ERBs that consist of a 40‐kDa protein which includes a constituent part of amelogenin. The ERBs (or remaining EMD) might promote mesenchymal cell differentiation into hard tissue‐forming cells around the EMD injection site.
The Expression Profile of Lipopolysaccharide‐Binding Protein, Membrane‐Bound CD14, and Toll‐Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Ren Lei , Leung W. Keung , Darveau Richard P. , Jin Lijian 
Published: November 2005

Background: This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship of in vivo expression of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) and membrane‐bound CD14 (mCD14) in human gingival tissues as well as the coexpression of Toll‐like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 in association with periodontal conditions.Methods: Gingival biopsies were collected from 43 subjects with chronic periodontitis, including periodontal pocket tissues (PoTs) and clinically healthy gingival tissues (HT‐Ps), and from 15 periodontally healthy subjects as controls (HT‐Cs). The expression of LBP, CD14, TLR 2, and TLR 4 was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: LBP and mCD14 peptides were simultaneously detected in 91% of PoTs, 85% of HT‐Ps, and 100% of HT‐Cs. LBP and mCD14 mRNAs were simultaneously detected in 55% of PoTs, 55% of HT‐Ps, and 75% of HT‐Cs. The expression of LBP was confined to the gingival epithelium, whereas mCD14 was observed around the epithelium‐connective tissue interface. A positive correlation existed between LBP and mCD14 peptides in both detection expression (rs = 0.608; P <0.001) and expression levels (r = 0.304; P <0.05) of these two molecules. In PoTs, TLR 2 was detected in both pocket epithelia and macrophage‐like cells in connective tissues, whereas TLR 4 was predominantly detected in connective tissues. In HT‐Ps and HT‐Cs, a weak expression of TLR 2 was found in gingival epithelia, and no TLR 4 expression was detected. In PoTs, mCD14 was codetected on CD68‐labeled macrophages in the underlying connective tissues of pocket epithelium as well as on CD1a‐labeled dendritic cells in the pocket epithelium and connective tissues interface. No similar expression profile was detected in HT‐Ps and HT‐Cs.Conclusions: This study suggests that the in vivo expression of LBP and mCD14 may be interrelated. Altered cellular expression profiles of mCD14 and TLR 2 and 4 in periodontal pocket tissues imply that these pattern recognition receptors may play a role in periodontal pathogenesis.
Alveolar Bone Loss and Aging: A Model for the Study in Mice
Authors: Rivaldo Elken G. , Padilha Dalva P. , Hugo Fernando N. 
Published: November 2005

Background: Several animal studies have shown a positive correlation between aging and alveolar bone loss (ABL). The purpose of this study was to develop a model for the study of ABL in mice and aging.Methods: Mucoperiosteal flap surgery (MFS) was performed on the buccal aspect of the left side of the mandible (BL) in 72 CF1 Mus domesticus mice and divided into three groups as follows: males, breeding (non‐virgin) females, and virgin females. The MFS was performed in 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month‐old animals under anesthesia. The buccal aspects of right hemimandibles were used as controls (BR). Animals were sacrificed under anesthesia 21 days after surgery. Mandibles were removed, defleshed, stained with toluidine blue, and photographed in a microscope. The photographs were digitized, and ABL was measured as the exposed root surface area (mm2). Blinded measurements were performed using a computer‐assisted image analysis system.Results: In terms of alveolar bone loss, the BL (operated) area showed a significant difference (paired Student t test; P <0.001) when compared to the BR area in all three groups. Sex and breeding differences were not observed in this experiment. ABL in the left hemimandibles was significantly larger in 3‐ (mean: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 0.80) and 12‐month‐old animals (mean: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.71) than in 6‐ (mean: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.46) and 9‐month‐old animals (mean: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.48); P <0.001.Conclusion: The results suggest that 3‐month‐old CF1 mice, in a sex and breeding independent process, could be a useful model for provoked alveolar bone loss studies in aging.
Immediate Occlusal Loading of Double Acid‐Etched Surface Titanium Implants in 41 Consecutive Full‐Arch Cases in the Mandible and Maxilla: 6‐ to 74‐Month Results
Authors: Ibañez Juan C. , Tahhan Marcelo J. , Zamar Juan A. , Menendez Alicia B. , Juaneda Agustina M. , Zamar Nicolas J. , Monqaut Jose L. 
Published: November 2005

Background: The high success rate of dental implants has changed the quality of life for many patients. Immediate loading finds its application in some clinical cases and certainly adds another modality of treatment for the implant patient. Starting with a few implants immediately loaded with a bar overdenture in the mandible, the concept of immediate loading evolved to loading multiple implants in both the maxilla and mandible.Methods: In this investigation, 41 consecutive patients who needed full‐arch restorations were treated with 343 double acid‐etched surface implants between May 1998 and March 2004. The sample included smokers and bruxers. Twenty‐three mandibular and 26 maxillary cases were treated, loading the implants within 48 hours, by using resin provisional prostheses, metal‐reinforced provisional prostheses, or definitive prostheses (metal‐acrylic or metal‐ceramic). All implants were followed for 12 to 74 months. Follow‐up consisted of clinical as well as radiographic examination. Furthermore, resonance frequency analysis was done in most of the implants during the last 2 years.Results: The success rate obtained was 99.42% (only two mandibular implants that are still surviving were considered failures). The bone level was measured every year. The average radiographic bone level change was 0.56 mm at 12, 0.76 mm at 24, 0.84 mm at 36, 0.82 mm at 48, 0.83 mm at 60, and 0.94 mm at 72 months.Conclusion: A high success rate can be achieved when double acid‐etched surface implants are immediately loaded with fixed full‐arch restorations in the maxilla and mandible.
Management of Gingival Recession by the Use of an Acellular Dermal Graft Material: A 12‐Case Series
Authors: Santos A. , Goumenos G. , Pascual A. 
Published: November 2005

Background: Different soft tissue defects can be treated by a variety of surgical procedures. Most of these techniques require the palatal area as a donor site. Recently, an acellular dermal graft has become available that can substitute for palatal donor tissue.Methods: This study describes the surgical technique for gingival augmentation and root coverage and the results of 12 clinical cases. A comparison between the three most popular mucogingival procedures for root coverage is also presented.Results: The results of the 12 patients and the 26 denuded surfaces have shown that we can obtain a mean root coverage of 74% with the acellular dermal graft. Thirteen out of the 26 denuded surfaces had complete root coverage. The average increase in keratinized tissue was 1.19 mm. It seems that the long‐term results of the cases are stable.Conclusion: The proposed technique of root coverage with an acellular dermal graft can be a good alternative to soft tissue grafts for root coverage, and it should be part of our periodontal plastic surgery armamentarium.
Physician Estimates and Patient-Reported Health Status in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ikemura Nobuhiro , Kohsaka Shun , Kimura Takehiro , Jones Philip G. , Katsumata Yoshinori , Tanimoto Kojiro , Ueda Ikuko , Takatsuki Seiji , Ieda Masaki , Chan Paul S. , Spertus John A. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceA primary objective in managing atrial fibrillation (AF) is to optimize patients’ health status, which can be done only if physicians accurately quantify the outcomes associated with AF in patients’ lives.ObjectiveTo explore physicians’ estimation of the health status of patients with AF and its association with subsequent care and outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in 2 outpatient practices in Tokyo, Japan. Participants included patients with newly diagnosed AF or those referred for initial treatment of AF at outpatient practices and treating physicians from November 8, 2018, to April 1, 2020. Data analysis was performed from December 22, 2022, to July 7, 2023.ExposuresParticipating patients completed the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life (AFEQT) questionnaire, a 20-item tool covering 4 domains with a 7-point Likert scale; 3 domains (symptoms, daily activities, and treatment concerns) were used in this study. Blinded to patients’ responses, treating physicians answered a 3-item questionnaire quantifying each patient’s AFEQT domain with a single item. Patients’ mean Likert scale responses within each AFEQT domain were subtracted from the physicians’ assessments so that higher scores (≥0.5 points) indicate physician underestimation, while lower scores (≤0.5 points) indicate physician overestimation of the health status of patients with AF.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe independent association of physician-patient concordance with treatment escalation (alteration or initiation of antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversion, or catheter ablation) and 1-year adjusted changes in AFEQT scores.ResultsAmong 330 patients (238 [72.1%] men; mean [SD] age, 67.9 [11.9] years; 163 [49.4%] with paroxysmal AF), physicians correctly estimated health status in 112 patients (33.9%), underestimated it in 42 patients (12.7%), and overestimated it in 176 patients (53.3%). Treatment escalation occurred in 63.6% of patients whose health status was correctly estimated, 47.6% of those whose health status was underestimated, and 66.3% of patients whose health status was overestimated. After multivariable adjustment, underestimation of health status was independently associated with less treatment escalation (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.90) and less frequent AFEQT overall summary score improvement at 1 year (underestimated, 2.5 [95% CI, −1.6 to 6.7] vs correctly and overestimated health status, 8.4 [95% CI, 7.0-9.9] points;P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, physician underestimation of the health status of patients with AF was common and associated with less aggressive treatment and less health status improvement at 1 year.