bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling turbulent atmospheric stratification. II: Spatial stratification and intermittency from lidar data
Authors: Lilley M. , Lovejoy S. , Strawbridge K. B. , Schertzer D. , Radkevich A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe critically re‐examine existing empirical studies of vertical and horizontal statistics of the horizontal wind and find that the balance of evidence is in favour of the Kolmogorov kx−5/3 scaling in the horizontal, Bolgiano‐Obukov scaling kz−11/5 in the vertical corresponding to a Ds = 23/9 stratified atmosphere in (x, y, z) space. This interpretation is particularly compelling once one recognizes that the 23/9‐D turbulence can lead to long‐range biases in aircraft trajectories and hence to spurious statistical exponents in wind, temperature and other statistics reported in the literature. Indeed, we show quantitatively that one is easily able to reinterpret the major aircraft‐based campaigns (GASP, MOZAIC) in terms of the model. In part I, we have seen that this model is compatible with ‘turbulence waves’ which can be close to classical linear gravity waves in spite of their very different nonlinear mechanism. We then use state‐of‐the‐art lidar data of atmospheric aerosols (considered as passive tracers) in order to obtain direct estimates of the effective (‘elliptical’) dimension of the spatial part: Ds = 23/9 = 2.55 ± 0.02. This result essentially rules out the standard 3‐D or 2‐D isotropic theories or the anisotropic quasi‐linear gravity wave theories which have Ds = 3, 2, 7/3 respectively.In this paper we focus on the multifractal (intermittency) statistics showing that there is a very small but apparently real variation in the value of Ds, ranging for the weak and intense structures so that Ds ranges from roughly 2.53 to 2.57. We also show that the passive scalars are well approximated by universal multifractals; we estimate the exponents to be αh = 1.82 ± 0.05, αv = 1.83 ± 0.04, C1h = 0.037 ± 0.0061 and C1v = 0.059 ± 0.007 (h for horizontal, v for vertical). Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Altered pain processing in children with migraine: An evoked potential study
Authors: Zohsel Katrin , Hohmeister Johanna , Flor Herta , Hermann Christiane 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn adults, evidence is accumulating that migraine is associated with altered central processing of pain stimuli and, possibly, changes in the allocation of attentional resources to such stimuli. In pediatric migraine, however, little is known about altered pain processing. We examined 15 children with migraine and 15 controls (age 10–15) in an oddball standards task. Children had to respond to rare targets (tones) and ignore frequent painful (pain threshold) or non‐painful mechanical standard stimuli while evoked potentials were obtained. Painful as compared to non‐painful stimuli elicited significantly larger N150, P260 and P300 components of the somatosensory evoked potential in all children. The pain‐evoked N150 and P260 components did not differ significantly between groups. However, in children with migraine, both painful and non‐painful standard stimuli were associated with significantly larger P300 amplitudes at significantly shorter latencies. Perceived intensity of the painful and non‐painful stimuli was comparable in both groups. The evoked potentials and reaction times to the target tones did not differ significantly between groups. Habituation across trials was similar in both groups. Hence, children with migraine may display an automatic attentional bias towards painful and potentially painful somatosensory stimuli. Consistent with the psychobiological perspective of chronic pain, such an attentional bias could constitute an important mechanism for migraine becoming a chronic problem.
Cross-Transmission of Multidrug-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiClonal Strains Causing Episodes of Sepsis in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Markogiannakis Antonios , Fildisis George , Tsiplakou Sofia , Ikonomidis Alexandras , Koutsoukou Alexandra , Pournaras Spyros , Manolis Evangelos N. , Baltopoulos George , Tsakris Athanassios 
Published: March 2008

Objective.To investigate the mode of transmission of imipenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniistrains causing episodes of sepsis.Setting.A 7-bed trauma intensive care unit (ICU) in an orthopedic hospital in Greece.Design.During a 14-week period (from January 10 to April 16, 2006), clinical specimens, along with samples taken on a weekly basis from the ICU environment and from the hands of health care workers (HCWs), were prospectively tested for imipenem-resistantA. baumannii.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to study the genetic relatedness of the isolates recovered from these specimens and samples.Results.During the survey, imipenem-resistantA. baumanniiwas identified in 14 hospitalized patients, from whom 40 multidrug-resistant and imipenem-resistantA. baumaniiisolates were recovered. These pathogens caused episodes of bacteremia and sepsis in all but one of the patients and contributed to the death of 3 patients. Samples for culture were obtained from the environment and from the hands of HCWs; 29 imipenem-resistantA. baumanniiisolates were recovered from the environment, and 12 from HCWs. One predominant genotype and 2 less predominant genotypes were detected among the 81 imipenem-resistantA. baumanniiisolates. All 3 of these genotypes were found among patients and HCWs and were recovered from environmental samples.Interventions.Control measures consisted of the closure of the ICU and the transfer of the patients to other units. The ICU was disinfected, and adherence to proper hand hygiene protocol was reinforced. These same clonal isolates were not recovered from clinical or environmental samples during the month after the reopening of the ICU.Conclusions.The extensive dissemination of imipenem-resistantA. baumanniiclonal strains causing episodes of bacteremia and/or sepsis resulted from modes of transmission via multiple contaminated surfaces and objects and transiently colonized HCWs' hands. Closure of the ICU and its meticulous environmental decontamination led to the successful control of the outbreak.
The Highly SimilarArabidopsisHomologs of Trithorax ATX1 and ATX2 Encode Proteins with Divergent Biochemical Functions
Authors: Saleh Abdelaty , Alvarez-Venegas Raul , Yilmaz Mehtap , Le Oahn , Hou Guichuan , Sadder Monther , Al-Abdallat Ayed , Xia Yuannan , Lu Guoqinq , Ladunga Istvan , Avramova Zoya 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGene duplication followed by functional specialization is a potent force in the evolution of biological diversity. A comparative study of two highly conserved duplicated genes, ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-LIKE PROTEIN1 (ATX1) and ATX2, revealed features of both partial redundancy and of functional divergence. Although structurally similar, their regulatory sequences have diverged, resulting in distinct temporal and spatial patterns of expression of the ATX1 and ATX2 genes. We found that ATX2 methylates only a limited fraction of nucleosomes and that ATX1 and ATX2 influence the expression of largely nonoverlapping gene sets. Even when coregulating shared targets, ATX1 and ATX2 may employ different mechanisms. Most remarkable is the divergence of their biochemical activities: both proteins methylate K4 of histone H3, but while ATX1 trimethylates it, ATX2 dimethylates it. ATX2 and ATX1 provide an example of separated K4 di from K4 trimethyltransferase activity.
The F-Box Protein ACRE189/ACIF1 Regulates Cell Death and Defense Responses Activated during Pathogen Recognition in Tobacco and Tomato
Authors: van den Burg Harrold A. , Tsitsigiannis Dimitrios I. , Rowland Owen , Lo Jane , Rallapalli Ghanasyam , MacLean Daniel , Takken Frank L.W. , Jones Jonathan D.G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVirus-induced gene silencing identified the Avr9/Cf-9 RAPIDLY ELICITED gene ACRE189 as essential for the Cf-9– and Cf-4–mediated hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana. We report a role for ACRE189 in disease resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). ACRE189 (herein renamed Avr9/Cf-9–INDUCED F-BOX1 [ACIF1]) encodes an F-box protein with a Leu-rich-repeat domain. ACIF1 is widely conserved and is closely related to F-box proteins regulating plant hormone signaling. Silencing of tobacco ACIF1 suppressed the HR triggered by various elicitors (Avr9, Avr4, AvrPto, Inf1, and the P50 helicase of Tobacco mosaic virus [TMV]). ACIF1 is recruited to SCF complexes (a class of ubiquitin E3 ligases), and the expression of ACIF1 F-box mutants in tobacco compromises the HR similarly to ACIF1 silencing. ACIF1 affects N gene–mediated responses to TMV infection, including lesion formation and salicylic acid accumulation. Loss of ACIF1 function also reduced confluent cell death induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci. ACIF1 silencing in Cf9 tomato attenuated the Cf-9–dependent HR but not Cf-9 resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. Resistance conferred by the Cf-9 homolog Cf-9B, however, was compromised in ACIF1-silenced tomato. Analysis of public expression profiling data suggests that Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of ACIF1 (VFBs) regulate defense responses via methyl jasmonate– and abscisic acid–responsive genes. Together, these findings support a role of ACIF1/VFBs in plant defense responses.
Adiponectin and colorectal adenomas: Self Defense Forces Health Study
Authors: Fukumoto Jin , Otake Toshie , Tajima Osamu , Tabata Shinji , Abe Hiroshi , Mizoue Tetsuya , Ohnaka Keizo , Kono Suminori 
Published: March 2008

Adiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived protein with an insulin‐sensitizing action. Circulating levels of adiponectin are inversely correlated with obesity, especially abdominal obesity. Some studies have suggested that low levels of circulating adiponectin might be related to increased risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas. The present study examined the relationship between total and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin to colorectal adenomas in the Self Defense Forces (SDF) Health Study. The study subjects comprised 656 cases of colorectal adenomas and 648 controls with normal colonoscopy among men receiving a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. Total and HMW adiponectin were slightly lower in adenoma cases than in controls; geometric means of total adiponectin were 5.42 µg/mL in cases and 5.63 µg/mL in controls (P = 0.13), and the corresponding values of HMW adiponectin were 2.47 µg/mL and 2.57 µg/mL, respectively (P = 0.29). Regardless of adjustment for body mass index and other lifestyle factors, total adiponectin was unrelated to the risk of colorectal adenomas. Total adiponectin levels were inversely related to the risk of large adenomas (≥ 5 mm), but not of small adenomas, with a nearly statistically significant decreasing trend (P = 0.06). However, the inverse association was largely ascribed to body mass index and other lifestyle factors. HMW adiponectin showed no clear association with either overall or size‐specific risk of colorectal adenomas. The study provided suggestive evidence for a protective association between adiponectin and large adenomas, but did not indicate a protective association independent of adiposity. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 781–786)
Different expression profiles of Y‐box‐binding protein‐1 and multidrug resistance‐associated proteins between alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Oda Yoshinao , Kohashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Tamiya Sadafumi , Kohno Kimitoshi , Kuwano Michihiko , Iwamoto Yukihide , Tajiri Tatsuro , Taguchi Tomoaki , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi 
Published: March 2008

Nuclear expression of the Y‐box‐binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) has been reported to regulate the expression of both P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and major vault protein (MVP), and to regulate proliferative activities in human malignancies. Based on morphology and molecular biology, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) can be divided into two major types: embryonal type and the more aggressive alveolar type. Thirty‐five cases of embryonal RMS (ERMS) and 28 cases of alveolar RMS (ARMS) were examined immunohistochemically for the nuclear expression of YB‐1 and the intrinsic expression of P‐gp, multidrug resistance (MDR)‐associated protein (MRP) 1, 2, and 3, breast‐cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and MVP, and the findings were compared with proliferative activities as evaluated by the MIB‐1‐labeling index (LI). Moreover, mRNA levels of these MDR‐related molecules were assessed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR method in 18 concordant frozen materials. P‐gp expression was more frequently observed ARMS, compared with ERMS (P = 0.0332), whereas immunoreactivity for BCRP was more frequently recognized in ERMS (P = 0.0184). Nuclear expression of YB‐1 protein was correlated with P‐gp (P = 0.0359) and MVP (P = 0.0044) expression, and a higher MIB‐1‐labeling index (P = 0.0244) in ERMS, however, in ARMS no such relationships were observed. These immunohistochemical results indicate that different expression profiles of MDR‐related molecules and their correlation with YB‐1 nuclear expression support the concept that ERMS and ARMS are molecular biologically distinct neoplasms. Apart from ERMS, frequent P‐gp expression in ARMS may be independent from YB‐1 regulation. However, YB‐1 may be a candidate for a molecular target in rhabdomyosarcoma therapy, especially in ERMS. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99; 726–732)
Correlation between NDRG1 and PTEN expression in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Li Shuxia , Yang Zhaorui , Lu Guangzhong , Hu Honghui 
Published: March 2008

N‐myc Downstream‐Regulated Gene 1 (NDRG1) is known as a differentiation‐related gene that plays important roles in cell differentiation, organ formation, and embryonic development. NDRG1 has recently been shown to be associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression in a wide variety of tumors. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome (PTEN), a phosphatase and tensin homolog located on chromosome 10, is shown to be a tumor suppressor and is often mutated or deleted in various tumor cells, particularly in endometrial carcinoma. Using an immunohistochemical approach, we investigated the expression of NDRG1 and PTEN in normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma. All tumor tissues harvested in this study were derived from endometrioid carcinoma Type I, that were estrogen‐related. Our results demonstrate that the expression of NDRG1 was up‐regulated in 5/40 (12.5%), 18/34 (52.94%), and 86/103 (83.5%) normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma cases, respectively (P < 0.01), while in 6/40 (15%), 20/34 (58.82%), and 89/103 (86.41%) normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma cases, respectively. PTEN expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Statistical analyzes demonstrated a positive correlation between NDRG1 up‐regulation and PTEN down‐regulation (P < 0.01). The expression of NDRG1 had no correlation with the differentiation degree of the tumor cells, lymph‐node metastasis, and/or abdominal cavity implantation (P > 0.05). Our results indicated that development of endometrial carcinoma is associated with an overexpression of NDRG1 and the loss of PTEN expression. Identification of changes in the NDRG1 and PTEN expression may be a significant diagnostic tool for the early detection of endometrial carcinoma. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 706–710)
Rearranged NF‐κB2 gene in an adult T‐cell leukemia cell line
Authors: Isogawa Masato , Higuchi Masaya , Takahashi Masahiko , Oie Masayasu , Mori Naoki , Tanaka Yuetsu , Aoyagi Yutaka , Fujii Masahiro 
Published: March 2008

Adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive type of leukemia, originating from T‐cells infected with human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1. Accumulating evidence suggests the aberrant activation of NF‐κB to be a causative factor mediating the abnormal proliferation of leukemic cells, thus resulting in the development of ATL. A rearranged NF‐κB2/p100 gene was isolated from an ATL‐derived cell line, which was generated by a chromosomal translocation. The isolated NF‐κB2 mutant is fused with the with no (lysine) deficient protein kinase 1 gene, coding for a 58 kDa protein that retains the DNA binding Rel homology domain, but it lacks the entire ankyrin repeat inhibitory domain, thus suggesting its constitutive activation. This rearranged NF‐κB2 gene product (p58) was localized in the nucleus, and formed a complex with NF‐κB p65 or RelB. Moreover, a T‐cell line expressing p58 increased the amount of an NF‐κB2‐inducible gene, NF‐κB2/p100 by itself. These results suggest that such NF‐κB2 gene rearrangement may therefore be a factor in the constitutive activation of NF‐κB in ATL, and thereby playing a role in the ATL pathogenesis. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 792–798)
THOC5 spliceosome protein: a target for leukaemogenic tyrosine kinases that affects inositol lipid turnover
Authors: Pierce Andrew , Carney Louise , Hamza Hajja G. , Griffiths John R. , Zhang Liqun , Whetton Beth A. , Gonzalez Sanchez M. Belen , Tamura Teruko , Sternberg David , Whetton Anthony D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe fusion protein TEL/PDGFRB is associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. The effects of TEL/PDGFRB were assessed using the multipotent haemopoietic cell line FDCP‐Mix. In the absence of growth factors, TEL/PDGFRB expression increased survival that was associated with elevated levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PIP3). Whilst TEL/PDGFRB had subtle effects on the growth factor requirements it had a profound effect on differentiation. The cells became refractory to cytokine‐stimulated development, showing limited maturation but failing to produce fully mature cells. We have previously identified the spliceosome protein THOC5 as a target in macrophage colony‐stimulating factor signalling and a protein involved in the regulation of transcription factor expression. TEL/PDGFRB expression increased the expression and phosphorylation of THOC5. Elevated expression of THOC5 increased PIP3 levels and decreased apoptosis. Mass spectrometry was used to identify a site for TEL/PDGFRB‐mediated phosphorylation on THOC5, which was shown to be a target for a number of other leukaemogenic tyrosine kinases. Thus, THOC5 is a novel target for modulation of signal transduction with a potential role in leukaemogenesis.
Identification of carcinoma origin by thyroid transcription factor‐1 immunostaining of fine needle aspirates of metastases
Authors: Strojan Fležar M. , Srebotnik Kirbiš I. 
Published: March 2008

Objective:  To assess the diagnostic potential of thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) immunocytochemical staining for identifying the origin of unknown primary cancers from fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of metastases.Methods:  Immunostaining with TTF‐1 was conducted on FNACs suggesting metastatic carcinoma in 128 patients with unknown primary tumours as part of the initial diagnostic procedure. The majority of patients (78) presented with neck masses, four had lung lesions and 46 had masses at other locations. The patients’ files were reviewed to obtain data on tumour origin.Results:  Thirty‐seven of 128 (28.9%) cases stained positive with TTF‐1. Pulmonary origin of metastases was confirmed in 27 cases, and four lung lesions were primary lung adenocarcinoma. Two patients had primary and one had mestastatic thyroid carcinomas. In two patients, no follow‐up data was available. In one patient, the origin of the primary could not be determined at autopsy. TTF‐1 was negative in 18 patients with subsequent diagnosis of metastatic pulmonary cancer and in seven patients diagnosed clinically and radiologically as most probably having a lung carcinoma. In 60 TTF‐1 negative patients, the primary tumour originated in other organs (34) or remained unknown (26).Conclusion:  TTF‐1 immunostaining of FNAC in patients with metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin identified primary pulmonary or thyroid carcinomas in nearly a third of cases. Patients with TTF‐1 positive metastases could avoid further extensive diagnostic investigations for the origin of the primary site.
Genetic differentiation and secondary contact zone in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa across the Mediterranean–Atlantic transition region
Authors: Alberto Filipe , Massa Sónia , Manent Pablo , Diaz‐Almela Elena , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Duarte Carlos M. , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim  A central question in evolutionary ecology is the nature of environmental barriers that can limit gene flow and induce population genetic divergence, a first step towards speciation. Here we study the geographical barrier constituted by the transition zone between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, using as our model Cymodocea nodosa, a seagrass distributed throughout the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic, from central Portugal to Mauritania. We also test predictions about the genetic footprints of Pleistocene glaciations.Location  The Atlantic–Mediterranean transition region and adjacent areas in the Atlantic (Mauritania to south‐west Portugal) and the Mediterranean.Methods  We used eight microsatellite markers to compare 20 seagrass meadows in the Atlantic and 27 meadows in the Mediterranean, focusing on the transition between these basins.Results  Populations from these two regions form coherent groups containing several unique, high‐frequency alleles for the Atlantic and for the Mediterranean, with some admixture west of the Almeria–Oran Front (Portugal, south‐west Spain and Morocco). These are populations where only one or a few genotypes were found, for all but Cadiz, but remarkably still show the footprint of a contact zone. This extremely low genotypic richness at the Atlantic northern edge contrasts with the high values (low clonality) at the Atlantic southern edge and in most of the Mediterranean. The most divergent populations are those at the higher temperature range limits: the southernmost Atlantic populations and the easternmost Mediterranean, both potential footprints of vicariance.Main conclusions  A biogeographical transition region occurs close to the Almeria–Oran front. A secondary contact zone in Atlantic Iberia and Morocco results from two distinct dispersal sources: the Mediterranean and southernmost Atlantic populations, possibly during warmer interglacial or post‐glacial periods. The presence of high‐frequency diagnostic alleles in present‐day disjunct populations from the southernmost Atlantic region indicates that their separation from all remaining populations is ancient, and suggests an old, stable rear edge.