bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chronic Hypercapnia in the Neonatal Mouse Lung and Brain
Authors: Das Sumon , Du Zhongfang , Bassly Shira , Singer Lewis , Vicencio Alfin G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundPermissive hypercapnia is increasingly utilized in the care of premature infants to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In a previous investigation, we described gene expression changes in the neonatal mouse lung exposed to chronic hypercapnia that might contribute to lung protection and accelerated maturation. However, it is unknown whether chronic hypercapnia increases alveolar formation, nor if it has detrimental effects in other developing organs such as the brain.ObjectiveTo determine whether chronic hypercapnia accelerates early alveolar formation and increases neuronal cell injury in the developing mouse lung and brain, respectively.DesignMouse pups were exposed to 8% CO2 + 21% O2 starting at postnatal day (P) 2 until P7. Control animals were maintained in room air. Animals were sacrificed at P4 or P7, and lungs and brains were excised and analyzed.ResultsExposure to 8% CO2 resulted in an increased expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐sma) which localized to the tips of developing alveolar buds, and also an increased number of alveolar buds at P7. Importantly, hypercapnic animals also demonstrated evidence of increased TUNEL‐positive cells in the brain.ConclusionsExposure to chronic hypercapnia may lead to early initiation of alveolar budding in the neonatal mouse, but may also lead to increased TUNEL‐positive cells in the developing brain. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:176–182. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGFR ligand switch in late stage prostate cancer contributes to changes in cell signaling and bone remodeling
Authors: DeHaan Alyse M. , Wolters Natalie M. , Keller Evan T. , Ignatoski Kathleen M. Woods 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDBone metastasis occurs frequently in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however, it is not known why this happens. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand EGF is available to early stage PCa; whereas, TGF‐α is available when PCa metastasizes. Since the microenvironment of metastases has been shown to play a role in the survival of the tumor, we examined whether the ligands had effects on cell survival and proliferation in early and late PCa.METHODSWe used LNCaP cells as a model of early stage, non‐metastatic PCa and the isogenic C4‐2B cells as a model of late stage, metastatic PCa.RESULTSWe found that the proliferation factor MAPK and the survival factor AKT were differentially activated in the presence of different ligands. TGF‐α induced growth of C4‐2B cells and not of the parental LNCaP cells; however, LNCaP cells expressing a constitutively active AKT did proliferate with TGF‐α. Therefore, AKT appeared to be the TGF‐α‐responsive factor for survival of the late stage PCa cells. LNCaP cells exposed to EGF produced more osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of bone remodeling, than C4‐2B cells with TGF‐α, which had increased expression of RANKL, an activator of bone remodeling. In concordance, TGF‐α‐treated C4‐2B conditioned medium was able to differentiate an osteoclast precursor line to a greater extent than EGF‐treated C4‐2B or TGF‐α‐treated LNCaP conditioned media.CONCLUSIONThe switch in EGFR ligand availability as PCa progresses affects cell survival and contributes to bone remodeling. Prostate 69:528–537, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive mutational analysis and mRNA isoform quantification of TP63 in normal and neoplastic human prostate cells
Authors: Parsons J. Kellogg , Saria Elizabeth A. , Nakayama Masashi , Vessella Robert L. , Sawyers Charles L. , Isaacs William B. , Faith Dennis A. , Bova G. Steven , Samathanam Christina A. , Mitchell Rebecca , De Marzo Angelo M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of TP63 in cancer remains controversial since both oncogenic and tumor suppressive actions have been reported. p63 protein is found in the nuclei of basal cells of the normal prostate, yet it is absent in the vast majority of prostate cancer nuclei. Since a complex array of TP63 mRNA transcripts encode polypeptides with distinct functional properties, it is important to determine which forms are expressed in normal and prostate cancer tissue.METHODSWe used real‐time RT‐PCR to distinguish TP63 mRNA isoforms in prostate cancer cell lines (n = 7), and samples from prostate cancer patients. We sequenced all TP63 exons from 20 primary tumors, 20 metastases, 28 tumor xenografts, and 7 prostate cancer cell lines.RESULTSTP63 mRNA isoforms were present in all tumors, albeit at levels lower than in normal prostate. The most abundant N‐terminal variant was ΔN; the most abundant C‐terminal variant was the α form. The prostate tumor cell line CWR22Rv1 contained a single G to T substitution in exon 8 that is identical to a dominant‐negative DNA binding inactivation mutation occurring in patients with a congenital TP63 deficiency syndrome. One patient tumor contained a somatic mutation in exon 11.CONCLUSIONSThe pattern of TP63 mRNA expression in normal prostate tissue is retained in reduced amounts in prostate cancer, and a potentially functional TP63 mutation was identified in one prostate tumor. Thus, if TP63 is a prostate cancer gene it likely functions as a tumor suppressor. Further study of the role of TP63 isoforms in regulating stem cell functions of normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells is needed. Prostate 69:559–569, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of prostate cancer in a transgenic rat model via γ‐tocopherol activation of caspase signaling
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Takeshita Kentaro , Seeni Azman , Sugiura Satoshi , Tang Mingxi , Sato Shin‐ya , Kuriyama Hiroki , Nakadate Masao , Abe Koichi , Maeno Yoshitaka , Nagao Masataka , Shirai Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidemiological data indicate that intake of one form of vitamin E, γ‐tocopherol, may reduce prostate cancer risk, and several in vitro studies have demonstrated that γ‐tocopherol can inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. The purpose of the present study was to confirm effects of γ‐tocopherol on prostate cancer in the transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model established in our laboratory.METHODSIn Experiment 1, heterozygous male TRAP rats 5 weeks of age received α‐tocopherol at the concentration of 50 mg/kg in the diet, or γ‐tocopherol at 50 or 100 mg/kg for 10 weeks. In Experiment 2, TRAP rats of 3 weeks of age were given γ‐tocopherol at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg diet for 7 weeks.RESULTSγ‐Tocopherol did not affect body weight gain, organ weights or serum levels of either testosterone or estradiol. However, quantitative evaluation of prostatic lesions demonstrated significantly suppression of sequential progression from PIN to adenocarcinoma in a dose‐dependent manner, along with clear activation of caspases 3 and 7 in the ventral lobe in both experiments.CONCLUSIONSThe present study clearly demonstrated that γ‐tocopherol suppresses prostate tumor progression in an in vivo TRAP model, and could be a candidate chemopreventive agent for human prostate cancer. Prostate 69:644–651, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone turnover markers as predictive tools for skeletal complications in men with metastatic prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid
Authors: Lein Michael , Miller Kurt , Wirth Manfred , Weißbach Lothar , May Christoph , Schmidt Katja , Haus Ulrike , Schrader Mark , Jung Klaus 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDBone turnover markers are helpful to diagnose bone metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of these markers in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases before and during the treatment with zoledronic acid as predictive and monitoring tools of skeletal‐related events (SRE).METHODSOne hundred seventeen prostate cancer patients with bone metastases and treated with zoledronic acid (4 mg every 4 weeks) were examined. Fifty‐six patients were with and 61 patients without SRE during a 60‐week study. Total and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, and amino‐terminal procollagen propeptides of type‐I‐collagen (PINP), cross‐linked N‐terminal (NTx), cross‐linked C‐terminal telopeptides of type‐I‐collagen (ICTP), and C‐terminal telopeptides of type‐I‐collagen as well as prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were measured before and 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 weeks after starting treatment.RESULTSHigher baseline concentrations were observed in the SRE group. The bone markers except for ICTP and tALP decreased to 20–80% of the baseline values at week 12 after the drug administration showing a generally higher decline in the non‐SRE group except for NTx. At all time points during treatment higher and increasing concentrations of bone markers were observed in the SRE group compared with non‐SRE group. Cox regression models with clinical data and bone markers showed the baseline NTx concentration as predictor of SREs. During the study, percentage changes of PINP and ICTP were most indicative for SREs.CONCLUSIONSBone markers are useful tools to predict and diagnose SRE in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases under receiving zoledronic acid therapy. Prostate 69:624–632, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dysplasia of human prostate CD133hi sub‐population in NOD‐SCIDS is blocked by c‐myc anti‐sense
Authors: Goodyear S.M. , Amatangelo M.D. , Stearns M.E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe CD133hi sub‐population of prostate epithelial cells has been demonstrated to possess tumor‐initiating capacity consistent with that of the cancer stem cell theory. However, the involvement of oncogenes such as c‐myc has not been fully elucidated in the CD133hi sub‐population.METHODSWe have isolated primary prostate cell strains (IBC‐10a) and immortalized them by transfection with hTERT. The in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic capacity of isolated CD133hi and CD133lo cells was evaluated with respect to c‐myc expression using specific sense and anti‐sense oligonucleotides.RESULTSFreshly immortalized cells consisted of <3.3% CD133hi/CD24hi sub‐population (SP). “Prostaspheres” generated from single CD133hi cells in the presence of EGF consisted of ∼10% CD133hi SPs in 12–21 day cultures. A single Prostasphere generated from single CD133hi cells (6–10 cell stage at day 6 injected i.t) produced dysplastic lesions in NOD‐SCID mice (n = 4/5). Treatment of Prostaspheres from CD133hi SPs in vitro with c‐myc or cyclin D1 anti‐sense oligonucleotides totally blocked colony forming ability and growth. Furthermore, treatment of fully formed, 6‐day Prostaspheres for 48 hr with c‐myc anti‐sense significantly reduced c‐myc expression and their ability to generate lesions in NOD‐SCIDs (n = 10 Prostaspheres injected i.t./mouse).CONCLUSIONSThese data demonstrate for the first time that a single CD133hi cell is competent to generate Prostaspheres in vitro and that CD133hi Prostaspheres require c‐myc to grow and form dysplastic lesions in vivo. Prostate 69: 689–698, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staying in school: assessing the role of access, availability, and economic opportunities – the case of Tajikistan
Authors: Baschieri Angela , Falkingham Jane 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAt independence in 1991, Tajikistan enjoyed almost universal literacy, reflecting the legacy of social development achieved during the Soviet period. However, since then the country has undergone immense economic, political and social upheaval, including civil war. As a consequence, the gains of the past are quickly being eroded. Recent evidence suggests that school attendance rates are declining, the gender gap is widening, and there is increasing geographical variation. This paper uses a unique source of data to investigate the relative roles of individual, household, and contextual factors to determine whether or not a child attends basic education in Tajikistan. Applying multilevel modelling and geographical information system techniques, the results show that contextual factors have a strong effect on school attendance. In particular, the accessibility and availability of school services and the quality of education have a positive effect. However, the level of economic development of the community in which the child lives exerts a negative effect on school attendance, reflecting the influence of higher opportunity costs of education in terms of the opportunities for income‐generating activities forgone. This has implications for educational policy, highlighting that a joined‐up approach is necessary to foster local economic development and to lower school dropout rates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ageing and temperature‐dependent behaviour of CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Bhattacharya Bhaskar , Tomar Sandeep Kumar , Saxena Amit , Lee Jun Young , Park Jung‐Ki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors in the form of colloids have attracted researchers due to their interesting optical properties. We report the process of the controlled coalescence of the nanoparticles in a colloid with time and also with temperature. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were prepared in ethylene glycol (EG). The size of the particles was estimated by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and matched with the optical absorption data. The particles in the EG matrix were subjected to controlled annealing and the shift in the absorption edge towards its bulk value (∼2.4 eV) was monitored. The change in the band‐gap value has been used to calculate the increasing particle radii using the effective‐mass model. A similar effect is also reported with ageing of these particulates. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical orientation of electron and nuclear spins in strain free GaAs quantum dots grown by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Belhadj Thomas , Kuroda Takashi , Simon Claire‐Marie , Amand Thierry , Mano Takaaki , Sakoda Kazuaki , Koguchi Nobuyuki , Marie Xavier , Urbaszek Bernhard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report optical orientation experiments in individual, strain free GaAs quantum dots in AlGaAs grown by modified droplet epitaxy. Circularly polarized optical excitation yields strong circular polarization of the resulting photoluminescence at 4 K. Optical injection of spin polarized electrons into the dot gives rise to dynamical nuclear polarization that considerably changes the exciton Zeeman splitting (Overhauser shift). We show that the created nuclear polarization is bistable and present a direct measurement of the build‐up time of the nuclear polarization in a single GaAs dot in the order of a second. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polarization of emission from self‐assembled quantum dots and its application to the optical characterization of structure
Authors: Sheng Weidong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe revisit the optical anisotropy in quantum dots by using a tight‐binding approach. The mechanisms how shape anisotropy and strain field lead to optical anisotropy are identified. As the anisotropic structure of quantum dots imposes stronger confinement for the localized p‐orbitals aligning along the short axis, the valence‐band electrons prefer to occupy the orbitals aligning along the long axis, which leads to partially linear‐polarized interband emission. For intersubband transitions, the symmetry of those minor components from the valence bands in the electronic states is shown to account for the linear‐polarized absorption, which presents a picture different from that by the single‐band effective‐mass approximation. The dependence of polarization of the primary interband transition on the lateral aspect ratio of the structures is found to be insensitive to the random intermixing effects, which make it an appropriate tool for structure characterization. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of growth behaviour and microstructure of epitaxially grown self‐assembled Ge quantum dots on nanometer‐scale patterned SiO2/Si(001) substrates
Authors: Yoon Tae‐Sik , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Kim Ki‐Bum , Ryu Du Yeol , Russell Thomas P. , Zhao Zuoming , Liu Jian , Xie Ya‐Hong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe growth behaviour and microstructure of epitaxially grown self‐assembled Ge quantum dots on patterned SiO2/Si(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were studied. The hexagonally ordered Si holes with 30 nm thick SiO2 mask layer having ∼25 nm diameter, ∼40 nm center‐to‐center distance, and density of ∼7 × 1010 cm–2, were formed using self‐assembled diblock copolymer, composed of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b ‐PMMA). The multiple Ge nuclei are selectively formed along the periphery of the individual Si holes and these nuclei subsequently coalesce forming single dot with an identical size of patterns. The strain of dots is relaxed up to 80%. The lattice planes of some Ge dots are found to be tilted from those of Si substrates. The Ge dots have dislocations at the interface with Si substrate even at the small size of ∼25 nm, resulting from the limited elastic relaxation in the confined patterned structure. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ordering of GaAs quantum dots by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Mano Takaaki , Kuroda Takashi , Noda Takeshi , Sakoda Kazuaki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStep‐edge‐induced ordering of GaAs QDs was achieved on GaAs(110) by droplet epitaxy in a lattice‐matched GaAs/AlGaAs system. After the growth of an AlGaAs barrier layer, step‐edges along the 〈113〉, 〈112〉, 〈111〉, and 〈221〉 directions were naturally formed. On these step‐edges, preferential nucleation of Ga droplets occurred, resulting in the formation of one‐dimensionally ordered Ga droplets. By irradiating intense As4 flux, we could form ordered GaAs QDs. Some of the arrays were longer than 1 μm and the QDs in the arrays were closely packed. After capping of the QDs followed by rapid thermal annealing, the ordered QD arrays exhibited strong photoluminescence emission. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theory of electron–hole exchange interaction in double quantum dots
Authors: Ramirez Hanz Y. , Cheng Shun‐Jen , Chang Chih‐Pin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA theory of electron–hole exchange interaction in vertically stacked double quantum dots is developed. This theory was built up from the full interacting Hamiltonian of two coupled dots, taking into account both of the macroscopic and microscopic natures of particle wave functions. In the basis of S‐type Fock–Darwin orbitals, compact formulations for electron–hole exchange terms responsible for the fine structure splitting of spin exciton states as functions of material parameters, geometric structure of dots, and the strength of external field are explicitly derived. Significant reduction of the splitting, down to 50% of the magnitude of such energy in single dot cases, is observed as the system is switched into the near‐resonance regime. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ellagitannin (BJA3121), an anti‐proliferative natural polyphenol compound, can regulate the expression of MiRNAs in HepG2 cancer cells
Authors: Wen Xiao‐Yun , Wu Shao‐Yu , Li Zhi‐Qin , Liu Zhong‐qiu , Zhang Jia‐Jie , Wang Guang‐Fa , Jiang Zhi‐Hong , Wu Shu‐Guang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cancers. A number of miRNA expression‐profiling studies have been done to identify the miRNA signatures of cancers from different cellular origin. There is, however, relatively little information on how anticancer agents regulate miRNA expression. Ellagitannin (BJA3121), 1,3‐Di‐O‐galloyl‐4,6‐(s)‐HHDP‐b‐D‐glucopyranose, is a new natural polyphenol compound isolated from Balanophora Japonica MAKINO. Our preliminary results have shown that BJA3121 had antiproliferative effect and modified the expression of different genes in human HepG2 cancer cells. In this study, we further evaluate whether this antineoplastic compound is able to alter miRNA expression in HepG2 cells. We demonstrated for the first time that BJA3121 can regulate the expression of 25 miRNAs, including 17 upregulated and 8 downregulated miRNAs in HepG2 cells. Our results suggested that BJA3121‐modifed miRNA expression can mediate, at least in part, the antiproliferative and multigene regulatory action induced by the compound on HepG2 cancer cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti inflammatory effect of natural honey on bovine thrombin‐induced oxidative burst in phagocytes
Authors: Ahmad Asif , Khan Rafeeq Alam , Mesaik M. Ahmed 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThrombin, hyperglycemia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been discovered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the direct effect of bovine thrombin (BTh) on ROS production by human neutrophils and rodent macrophages and to investigate the effect of honey on BTh‐induced ROS production from phagocytes.Professional phagocytes, i.e. neutrophils and macrophages, were stimulated by BTh and ROS production was measured in luminol/lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assays. In another experiment the effects of honey treatment on BTh‐induced ROS production by phagocytes was tested using a CL assay.The results indicate that BTh directly activates phagocytes. A significant generation of ROS was noted with the luminol/lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) system. Honey treatment of phagocytes activated by bovine thrombin showed effective suppression of oxidative respiratory burst monitored by the CL assay.In conclusion, it can be assumed that this direct action of BTh on phagocytes causing ROS production might exaggerate the inflammatory response at the site of atheromatous plaques. The suppressive activity of honey towards thrombin‐induced ROS production by phagocytes could be beneficial in the interruption of the pathological progress of CVD and may play a cardioprotective role. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved effect of Pycnogenol® on impaired spatial memory function in partial androgen deficiency rat model
Authors: Hasegawa Noboru , Mochizuki Miyako 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe improved effect of Pycnogenol® on impaired spatial memory function was studied in orchidectomized rats. Endogenous testosterone levels were decreased by approximately one‐half for 3 months after castration. In the radial arm maze, castration significantly impaired working and reference memory function without lowering motor function. Pycnogenol® increased the NGF content in the hippocampus and cortex, and improved the spatial memory impairment. These observations confirmed that diagnostic accuracy can be improved by Pycnogenol® in androgen‐deficient rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.