bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The major yolk protein is synthesized in the digestive tract and secreted into the body cavities in sea urchin larvae
Authors: Unuma Tatsuya , Konishi Kooichi , Kiyomoto Masato , Matranga Valeria , Yamano Keisuke , Ohta Hiromi , Yokota Yukio 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMajor yolk protein (MYP), a transferrin superfamily protein contained in yolk granules of sea urchin eggs, also occurs in the coelomic fluid of male and female adult sea urchins regardless of their reproductive cycle. MYP in the coelomic fluid (CFMYP; 180 kDa) has a zinc‐binding capacity and has a higher molecular mass than MYP in eggs (EGMYP; 170 kDa). CFMYP is thought to be synthesized in the digestive tract and secreted into the coelomic fluid where it is involved in the transport of zinc derived from food. To clarify when and where MYP synthesis starts, we investigated the expression of MYP during larval development and growth in Pseudocentrotus depressus. MYP mRNA was detected using RT‐PCR in the early 8‐arm pluteus stage and its expression persisted until after metamorphosis. Real‐time RT‐PCR revealed that MYP mRNA increased exponentially from the early 8‐arm stage to metamorphosis. Western blotting showed that maternal EGMYP disappeared by the 4‐arm stage and that newly synthesized CFMYP was present at and after the mid 8‐arm stage. In the late 8‐arm larvae, MYP mRNA was detected in the digestive tract using in situ hybridization, and the protein was found in the somatocoel and the blastocoel‐derived space between the somatocoel and epidermis using immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that CFMYP is synthesized in the digestive tract and secreted into the body cavities at and after the early 8‐arm stage. We assume that in larvae, CFMYP transports zinc derived from food via the body cavities to various tissues, as suggested for adults. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 142–150, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiologic research on man‐made disasters: Strategies and implications of cohort definition for World Trade Center worker and volunteer surveillance program
Authors: Savitz David A. , Oxman Rachael T. , Metzger Kristina B. , Wallenstein Sylvan , Stein Diane , Moline Jacqueline M. , Herbert Robin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractStudies of long‐term health consequences of disasters face unique methodologic challenges. The authors focused on studies of the health of cleanup and recovery workers, who are often poorly enumerated at the outset and difficult to follow over time. Comparison of the experience at the World Trade Center disaster with 4 past incidents of chemical and radiation releases at Seveso, Italy; Bhopal, India; Chernobyl, Ukraine; and Three Mile Island, USA, provided useful contrasts. Each event had methodologic advantages and disadvantages that depended on the nature of the disaster and the availability of records on area residents, and the emergency‐response and cleanup protocol. The World Trade Center Worker Monitoring Program has well‐defined eligibility criteria but lacks information on the universe of eligible workers to characterize response proportions or the potential for distortion of reported health effects. Nonparticipation may result from lack of interest, lack of awareness of the program, availability of another source of medical care, medical conditions precluding participation, inability to take time off from work, moving out of the area, death, or shift from initially ineligible to eligible status. Some of these considerations suggest selective participation by the sickest individuals, whereas others favor participation by the healthiest. The greatest concern with the validity of inferences regarding elevated health risks relative to external populations is the potential for selective enrollment among those who are affected. If there were a large pool of nonparticipating workers and those who suffered ill health were most motivated to enroll, the rates of disease among participants would be substantially higher than among all those eligible for the program. Future disaster follow‐up studies would benefit substantially by having access to accurate estimates of the number of workers and information on the individuals who contributed to the cleanup and recovery effort. Mt Sinai J Med 75:77–87, 2008 © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Responder safety and health: Preparing for future disasters
Authors: Reissman Dori B. , Howard John 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article reviews lessons learned about managing the safety and health of workers who were involved in disaster response, recovery, and cleanup after the 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. The first two sections review ongoing responder health burdens and the tragic toll of this disaster from a worker safety and health perspective. The remaining sections address changes in federal infrastructure, response planning, and resources for protection of response and recovery personnel.Proper preparation includes pre‐event and “just‐in‐time” disaster‐worker training on likely hazards, organizational assets for hazard monitoring, and hands‐on instruction in the use of assigned protective equipment. Good planning includes predeployment medical review to ensure “fitness for duty” and considers the following: (1) personal risk factors, (2) hazards likely to be associated with particular field locations, and (3) risks involved with assigned tasks (eg, workload and pace, work/rest cycles, available resources, and team/supervisory dynamics). Planning also should address worker health surveillance, medical monitoring, and availability of medical care (including mental health services). Disaster safety managers should anticipate likely hazards within planning scenarios and prepare asset inventories to facilitate making timely safety decisions.Disaster safety management begins immediately and provides ongoing real‐time guidance to incident leadership at all levels of government. Robust standards must be met to reliably protect workers/responders. An integrated and measurable multiagency safety management function must be built into the incident command system before an incident occurs. This function delineates roles and responsibilities for rapid exposure assessments, ensuring cross‐agency consistency in data interpretation, and timely, effective communication of information and control strategies. The ability to perform this safety mangement function should be tested and evaluated in exercise simulations and drills at multiple levels.Joint planning and exercising of the safety management plan and its function are effective ways to build interagency relationships and to be more systemic in managing logistics for safety equipment and converging personnel. Planning must include mechanisms to enable safety decisions to be implemented—such as effective and rapid scene control (site access), personnel tracking, and safety enforcement. Worker safety and health preparedness and leadership are essential for protecting workers and promoting resiliency among personnel involved in disaster response, recovery, and cleanup. Mt Sinai J Med 75:135–141, 2008 © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Capacity assessment and intervention in 56‐yr‐old man with schizophrenia
Authors: Schlechter Alan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe importance of the doctor‐patient relationship among patients with schizophrenia is especially evident within the context of medication adherence. The association between patients' positive perception of their psychiatrist and medication adherence has been established in several studies. This is the case of a 56‐year‐old man with schizophrenia and multiple medical problems who is refusing to take any medications. We discuss the risks and benefits of having a patient declared incompetent along with assessing the patient's capacity. The case highlights situations when a physician might question a patient's decisional capacity but conclude that the decision should be accepted so as to maintain rapport with the patient and continue treatment. Mt Sinai J Med 75:153–155, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Formylation of activated arenes by phenyl formate: implications for the mechanism of the Fries rearrangement of aryl formates
Authors: Bagno Alessandro , Kantlehner Willi , Saielli Giacomo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe present an NMR and DFT investigation of the reaction of phenyl formate with 3‐methoxyphenol and 3,5‐dimethoxyphenol with excess BCl3. The products obtained (3‐methoxy‐ and 3,5‐dimethoxy‐salicylaldehyde, respectively) are the same as those resulting from the Fries rearrangement of 3‐methoxy‐ and 3,5‐dimethoxy‐phenyl formate. These results represent a novel regioselective synthetic route to aromatic aldehydes, using phenyl formate as a source of formylating agent. They also unambiguously prove that the Fries rearrangement of aryl formates (that we recently investigated in J. Org. Chem. 71, 9331–9340, 2006) is intermolecular: the intermediate formyl chloride is released in situ and, in turn, it formylates the intermediate dichloroborate ester of 3‐methoxy‐ and 3,5‐dimethoxy‐phenol in a second independent step. The BCl2 moiety bound to the aryl oxygen of the substituted phenol interacts with the formyl chloride strongly favouring the ortho substitution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the ‘livingness’ of a dynamic library of cyclophane formaldehyde acetals incorporating calix[4]arene subunits
Authors: Cacciapagliaa Roberta , Di Stefanoa Stefano , Mandolinia Luigi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe acid catalyzed transacetalation of cyclophane formaldehyde acetals incorporating calix[4]arene subunits generates a short‐lived dynamic library of macrocycles. The side reaction responsible for the loss of ‘livingness’ is the unexpected decomposition of monomeric units into a bridged ether and formaldehyde. A plausible mechanism is suggested, in which the crucial step is the formation of benzyl carbocations strongly stabilized by the alkoxy substituents at the lower rim of the calix[4]arene moieties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of random polyampholyte brushes by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Sanjuan Sarah , Tran Yvette 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe report the synthesis of random polyampholyte brushes containing 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The preparation of polyampholyte brushes is performed by the “grafting from” strategy using surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The first step consists in the formation of the self‐assembled monolayer of the ATRP initiator. Secondly, the chains are grown from the surface by controlled/“living” radical polymerization. The random copolymer brushes and the corresponding homopolymers brushes containing 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBuMA) are prepared. The last step is the deprotection of the tBuMA form to the MAA segment by in situ hydrolysis reaction. The annealed DMAEMA group can also be converted to the quenched form by in situ quaternization reaction. This results in the formation of “annealed” and “semiannealed” polyampholyte brushes. The “annealed” polyampholyte corresponds to the random copolymer that contains only annealed units, weak acid and weak base. The “semiannealed” polyampholyte consists of the mixture of annealed (weak acid) and quenched (quaternized segment) units. Polyampholyte brushes with various grafting densities are synthesized and carefully characterized using surface techniques such as ellipsometry and FTIR‐ATR. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4305–4319, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic block–graft MPEG‐b‐(PαN3CL‐g‐alkyne) degradable copolymers by ring‐opening polymerization and click chemistry
Authors: Lee Ren‐Shen , Huang Yi‐Ting 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA straightforward strategy is proposed for the synthesis of novel, amphiphilic block–graft MPEG‐b‐(PαN3CL‐g‐alkyne) degradable copolymers. First, the ring‐opening polymerization of α‐chloro‐ε‐caprolactone (αClCL) was initiated by hydroxy‐terminated macroinitiator monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) with SnOct2 as the catalyst. In a second step, pendent chlorides were converted into azides by the reaction with sodium azide. Finally, various kinds of terminal alkynes were reacted with pendent azides by copper‐catalyzed Huisgen's 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, and thus a “click” reaction. These copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1H NMR, IR, and gel permeation chromatography. By fixing the length of the MPEG block and increasing the length of PαClCL (or PαN3CL) block, an increase tendency in Tgs was observed. However, the copolymers of MPEG‐b‐PαClCL and MPEG‐b‐PαN3CL were semicrystalline when the Mn of MPEG was above 2000 g mol−1. The block–graft copolymers formed micelles in the aqueous phase with critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) in the range of 1.4–12.0 mg L−1 depending on the composition of polymers. The lengths of hydrophilic segment influence the shape of the micelle. The mean hydrodynamic diameters of the micelles from dynamic light scattering were in the range of 90–160 nm. In vitro hydrolytic degradation of block–graft copolymers is faster than the corresponding block copolymers. The drug entrapment efficiency and the drug loading content of micelles depending on the composition of block–graft polymers were described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4320–4331, 2008
Acid‐labile, thermoresponsive (meth)acrylamide polymers with pendant cyclic acetal moieties
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Nan , Du Fu‐Sheng , Zhang Bo , Zhao Jing‐Yi , Li Zi‐Chen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAcid‐labile, thermoresponsive polymers with pendant six‐membered cyclic acetal groups were prepared by radical polymerization of two monomers, N‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl) methacrylamide (NDMM) and N‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl) acrylamide (NDMA). The aqueous solution properties of the polymers, PNDMM and PNDMA, were studied by turbidimetry, 1H NMR, fluorescence, and DSC measurements. It is found that both polymers show sensitive and reversible phase transitions with distinct lower critical solution temperatures (LCST). Below their LCSTs, there are still some polymer aggregates as evidenced by measurements of pyrene excitation spectra and urea effects on the cloud points (CP) of polymers. The salting effect of six inorganic sodium salts on the phase transition behavior of PNDMM was investigated by turbidimetric approach. The salting‐out to salting‐in effect is in the order of SO42− > F− > Cl− > Br− > I− > SCN−, following the Hofmeister's series. pH‐dependent hydrolysis of PNDMM and PNDMA was studied by turbidimetric and 1H NMR methods. They are both pH‐sensitive and their hydrolysis rates significantly increase with decreasing pH value. The CP of PNDMM gradually increases with the acid‐triggered hydrolysis of the acetal groups and the hydrolyzed polymer with ∼ 30% hydrolysis degree does not show thermally induced phase transition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4332–4343, 2008
The effect of the core on the thermotropic behavior of three‐arm star poly[11‐(4′‐cyanophenyl‐4′′‐phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Pugh Coleen , Kasko Andrea M. , Grunwald Steven R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract“Three‐arm star” poly[11‐(4′‐cyanophenyl‐4′′‐phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 11‐(4′‐cyanophenyl‐4′′‐phenoxy)undecyl acrylate using two new trifunctional initiators: 1,3,5‐tri‐ (methyl 2‐bromopropionate)benzene and 2,4,6‐tri[4′‐methyl(2′′‐bromopropionate)phenoxymethyl]mesitylene. The polymers synthesized with 1,3,5‐tri(methyl 2‐bromopropionate)benzene (series II) contained 14–127 repeat units according to gel permeation chromatography relative to linear polystyrene (GPCPSt) and 13–271 repeat units according to GPC with a light scattering detector (GPCLS). Those synthesized with 2,4,6‐tri[4′‐methyl(2′′‐bromopropionate)phenoxymethyl]mesitylene (series III) contained 14–87 repeat units according to GPCPSt and 10–120 repeat units according to GPCLS. The absolute molecular weight, size, and shape of both series of polymers were characterized by light scattering in CH2Cl2, and their thermotropic behavior was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry; both types of properties were compared to those of the other architectures, especially the corresponding three‐arm star poly[11‐(4′‐cyanophenyl‐4′′‐phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s synthesized previously using 1,3,5‐trisbromomethylmesitylene as the initiator. The size and shape of the three‐arm star polymers in CH2Cl2 are similar, although the isotropization temperature in the solid state decreases and the breadth of the isotropization transition increases with increasing size and flexibility of the trifunctional core. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4363–4382, 2008
Doll‐like face: Is it an underestimated clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Kose Mehmet , Pekcan Sevgi , Kiper Nural , Aslan Ayse Tana , Cobanoglu Nazan , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalant inheritable chronic disease in caucasian children. The clinical syndrome of kwashiorkor is well‐recognized complication of CF. The edema of the face can be seen in kwashiorkor. As doll‐like face is very rare and underestimated clinical presentation of CF patients complicated with hypoproteinemia we evaluated demographic features and laboratory characteristics of 5 patients diagnosed as CF with doll‐like face. Methods: Between June 2005 and January 2008, 115 children were diagnosed as having CF enrolled in our center. Five infants were diagnosed as CF with doll‐like face before the age of 6 months participitated in study. Results: The incidence of doll‐like face younger than the 6 months of age were 9.4% in our center. 48 infants diagnosed as CF without doll‐like face before the age of 6 months participitated in the study as controls (group2). Physical examination revealed doll‐like face and pitting edema of lower extremities in group 1. Their weight and length were under the third centile. Laboratory findings of group 1 include: mean hemoglobin 7.6g/dl; mean total protein 4.4 g/dl; albumin 2.3 g/dl. When compared control group in order to; 11.4 g/dl (range 7.6–17.9); 6.2 g/dl (range 4.0–8.8); 4.7 g/dl (range 2.1–5.8). mean hemoglobin, total protein and albumin values were lower in group 1. Conclusion: In a subgroup of patients, doll‐like face may be the presenting manifestation of CF. Especially in developing countries clinicians should be aware of in patients with malnutrition and doll‐like face and CF should be considered in differential diagnosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:634–637. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrinsic catch‐up growth of hypoplastic fetal lungs is mediated by interleukin‐6
Authors: Nogueira‐Silva Cristina , Moura Rute S. , Esteves Nuno , Gonzaga Sílvia , Correia‐Pinto Jorge 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFetal lung hypoplasia is a common finding in several fetal conditions such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Interestingly, previous studies have demonstrated that hypoplastic lungs have the ability to recover to normal size, when relieved from mechanical factors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) has been involved in catch‐up growth phenomenon in children. Thus, we hypothesized that IL‐6 could mediate fetal growth recover from hypoplastic lungs. Control and nitrofen‐induced hypoplastic lung explants were cultured either in normal conditions or with IL‐6 neutralizing antibodies. The total number of peripheral airway buds, epithelial perimeter, and total explant area were analyzed and daily branching rates were calculated. Additionally, IL‐6 mRNA and protein expression was assessed both in qualitative (by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry) and in quantitative (by real‐time PCR and Western blot) approaches, in control and hypoplastic lungs (nitrofen and CDH groups). Nitrofen‐induced hypoplastic lungs showed in vitro, out of systemic environment, the ability to recover from hypoplasia and presented daily branching rates significantly higher than controls. Blocking IL‐6 activity significantly diminished the intrinsic capacity of hypoplastic fetal lungs to recover from hypoplasia and attenuated their daily branching rates. Although more exacerbated in CDH, both nitrofen‐exposed lungs presented significant IL‐6 mRNA and protein over‐expression throughout all studied gestational ages. The present study suggests, for the first time, that fetal lung is able to recover from growth retardation through a way that resembles the catch‐up growth phenomenon, and it seems to be, at least partially, orchestrated by intrinsic mechanisms implicating IL‐6. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:680–689. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bronchoalveolar cytology for diagnosing pulmonary GVHD after bone marrow transplant in children
Authors: Rochat I. , Posfay‐Barbe K.M. , Kumar N. , Pache J.‐C. , Kaiser L. , Ozsahin H. , Barazzone Argiroffo C. , Bongiovanni M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundCytological composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients with pulmonary complications has not been comprehensively described and BAL specific markers of pulmonary GVHD are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of BAL in the diagnosis of pulmonary GVHD by comparing BAL cytological findings between pediatric allogenic BMT patients with pulmonary complications and oncology children receiving chemotherapy alone.MethodsRetrospective analysis of BAL specimens for cytology, total and differential cell counts and presence of infections.ResultsSeventeen BMT and 13 chemotherapy BAL were analyzed. BAL total cell count was increased but similar between groups (96.9 × 104 vs. 98.2 × 104, P = NS). BAL cellular composition differed considerably between groups with a significantly higher number of lymphocytes (18% vs. 6.25%, P = 0.03) and a significantly lower number of neutrophils (25.9% vs. 58%, P = 0.02) in BMT BAL specimens. Atypical epithelial cells were significantly more frequent (75% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.027), and significantly more severe (P = 0.01) in BMT patients. The presence and severity of atypia was not associated with infection or pneumotoxic drug exposure (P = NS).ConclusionBAL cytology differs significantly between BMT and chemotherapy patients. The presence BAL lymphocytosis and severe epithelial cell atypia concomitantly to respiratory symptoms and GVHD in other organs may suggest the diagnosis of pulmonary GHVD. Prospective studies assessing the reliability of this finding combined with markers such as epithelial cell apoptosis and increased cytokines are needed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:697–702. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.