bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endemic Coronavirus Infections are Associated with Strong Homotypic Immunity in a US Cohort of Children from Birth to 4 Years
Authors: Morrow Ardythe L , Payne Daniel C , Conrey Shannon C , McMorrow Meredith , McNeal Monica M , Niu Liang , Burrell Allison R , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P , Mattison Claire , Burke Rachel M , DeFranco Emily , Teoh Zheyi , Wrammert Jens , Atherton Lydia J , Thornburg Natalie J , Staat Mary A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The endemic coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E cause cold-like symptoms and are related to SARS-CoV-2, but their natural histories are poorly understood. In a cohort of children followed from birth to 4 years, we documented all coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, to understand protection against subsequent infections with the same virus (homotypic immunity) or a different coronavirus (heterotypic immunity).

Methods
Mother–child pairs were enrolled in metropolitan Cincinnati during the third trimester of pregnancy in 2017-2018. Mothers reported their child’s sociodemographics, risk factors, and weekly symptoms. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected weekly. Blood was collected at 6 weeks, 6, 12, 18, 24 months, and annually thereafter. Infections were detected by testing nasal swabs by an RT-PCR multi-pathogen panel and by serum IgG responses. Health care visits were documented from pediatric records. Analysis was limited to 116 children with high sample adherence. Reconsent for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections from June 2020 through November 2021 was obtained for 74 (64%) children.

Results
We detected 345 endemic coronavirus infections (1.1 infections/child-year) and 21 SARS-CoV-2 infections (0.3 infections/child-year). Endemic coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic or mild. Significant protective homotypic immunity occurred after a single infection with OC43 (77%) and HKU1 (84%) and after two infections with NL63 (73%). No heterotypic protection against endemic coronaviruses or SARS-CoV-2 was identified.

Conclusions
Natural coronavirus infections were common and resulted in strong homotypic immunity but not heterotypic immunity against other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Endemic coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections in this US cohort were typically asymptomatic or mild.
The dilemma of radiation necrosis from diagnosis to treatment in the management of brain metastases
Authors: Mayo Zachary S , Billena Cole , Suh John H , Lo Simon S , Chao Samuel T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Radiation therapy with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole brain radiation therapy is a mainstay of treatment for patients with brain metastases. The use of SRS in the management of brain metastases is becoming increasingly common and provides excellent local control. Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN) is a late complication of radiation treatment that can be seen months to years following treatment and is often indistinguishable from tumor progression on conventional imaging. In this review article, we explore risk factors associated with the development of radiation necrosis, advanced imaging modalities used to aid in diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies to manage side effects.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases: A new standard of care
Authors: Sacino Amanda N , Chen Hanbo , Sahgal Arjun , Bettegowda Chetan , Rhines Laurence D , Maralani Pejman , Redmond Kristin J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Advancements in systemic therapies for patients with metastatic cancer have improved overall survival and, hence, the number of patients living with spinal metastases. As a result, the need for more versatile and personalized treatments for spinal metastases to optimize long-term pain and local control has become increasingly important. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been developed to meet this need by providing precise and conformal delivery of ablative high-dose-per-fraction radiation in few fractions while minimizing risk of toxicity. Additionally, advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques have also greatly improved care for patients with epidural disease and/or unstable spines, which may then be combined with SBRT for durable local control. In this review, we highlight the indications and controversies of SBRT along with new surgical techniques for the treatment of spinal metastases.
Novel radiotherapeutic strategies in the management of brain metastases: Challenging the dogma
Authors: Palmer Joshua D , Perlow Haley K , Lehrer Eric J , Wardak Zabi , Soliman Hany 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The role of radiation therapy in the management of brain metastasis is evolving. Advancements in machine learning techniques have improved our ability to both detect brain metastasis and our ability to contour substructures of the brain as critical organs at risk. Advanced imaging with PET tracers and magnetic resonance imaging-based artificial intelligence models can now predict tumor control and differentiate tumor progression from radiation necrosis. These advancements will help to optimize dose and fractionation for each patient’s lesion based on tumor size, histology, systemic therapy, medical comorbidities/patient genetics, and tumor molecular features. This review will discuss the current state of brain directed radiation for brain metastasis. We will also discuss future directions to improve the precision of stereotactic radiosurgery and optimize whole brain radiation techniques to improve local tumor control and prevent cognitive decline without forming necrosis.
Composite antiferromagnetic and orbital order with altermagnetic properties at a cuprate/manganite interface
Authors: Sarkar Subhrangsu , Capu Roxana , Pashkevich Yurii G , Knobel Jonas , Cantarino Marli R , Nag Abhishek , Kummer Kurt , Betto Davide , Sant Roberto , Nicholson Christopher W , Khmaladze Jarji , Zhou Ke-Jin , Brookes Nicholas B , Monney Claude , Bernhard Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Heterostructures from complex oxides allow one to combine various electronic and magnetic orders as to induce new quantum states. A prominent example is the coupling between superconducting and magnetic orders in multilayers from high-Tc cuprates and manganites. A key role is played here by the interfacial CuO2 layer whose distinct properties remain to be fully understood. Here, we study with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering the magnon excitations of this interfacial CuO2 layer. In particular, we show that the underlying antiferromagnetic exchange interaction at the interface is strongly suppressed to J≈70 meV, when compared with J≈130 meV for the CuO2 layers away from the interface. Moreover, we observe an anomalous momentum dependence of the intensity of the interfacial magnon mode and show that it suggests that the antiferromagnetic order is accompanied by a particular kind of orbital order that yields a so-called altermagnetic state. Such a 2D altermagnet has recently been predicted to enable new spintronic applications and superconducting proximity effects.
Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and their delicate balance between ACE2 affinity and antibody evasion
Authors: Xue Song , Han Yuru , Wu Fan , Wang Qiao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intensive selection pressure constrains the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and results in various novel variants with distinct mutation profiles. Point mutations, particularly those within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, lead to the functional alteration in both receptor engagement and monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognition. Here, we review the data of the RBD point mutations possessed by major SARS-CoV-2 variants and discuss their individual effects on ACE2 affinity and immune evasion. Many single amino acid substitutions within RBD epitopes crucial for the antibody evasion capacity may conversely weaken ACE2 binding affinity. However, this weakened effect could be largely compensated by specific epistatic mutations, such as N501Y, thus maintaining the overall ACE2 affinity for the spike protein of all major variants. The predominant direction of SARS-CoV-2 evolution lies neither in promoting ACE2 affinity nor evading mAb neutralization but in maintaining a delicate balance between these two dimensions. Together, this review interprets how RBD mutations efficiently resist antibody neutralization and meanwhile how the affinity between ACE2 and spike protein is maintained, emphasizing the significance of comprehensive assessment of spike mutations.
Childhood Adversity and Incident Psychotic Experiences in Early Adulthood: Cognitive and Psychopathological Mediators
Authors: Cortes Hidalgo Andrea P , Hammerton Gemma , Heron Jon , Bolhuis Koen , Madley-Dowd Paul , Tiemeier Henning , van IJzendoorn Marinus H , Zammit Stanley , Jones Hannah J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Childhood adversity is often described as a potential cause of incident psychotic experiences, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive and psychopathological factors in the relation between childhood adversity and incident psychotic experiences in early adulthood.

Study Design
We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a large population-based cohort study. Childhood adversity was measured prospectively from birth to age 11 years, mediators (anxiety, depression, external locus of control [LoC], negative symptoms) were assessed at approximately 16 years of age, and incident psychotic experiences were assessed at ages 18 and 24 years. Mediation was examined via the counterfactual g-computation formula.

Study Results
In total, 7% of participants had incident suspected or definite psychotic experiences in early adulthood. Childhood adversity was related to more incident psychotic experiences (ORadjusted = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21; 1.49), and this association was partially mediated via all mediators examined (proportion mediated: 19.9%). In separate analyses for each mediator, anxiety, depression, external LoC, and negative symptoms were all found to mediate the link between adversity and incident psychotic experiences. Accounting for potential confounders did not modify our results.

Conclusions
Our study shows that cognitive biases as well as mood symptomatology may be on the causal pathway between early-life adversity and the development of psychotic experiences. Future studies should determine which mediating factors are most easily modifiable and most likely to reduce the risk of developing psychotic experiences.
Complete Circularized Genome Resources for Xylella fastidiosa subsp. sandyi Strains CO33 and CFBP8478
Authors: Velasco-Amo María Pilar , Arias-Giraldo Luis F. , Román-Écija Miguel , Giampetruzzi Annalisa , Saponari Maria , Landa Blanca B. 
Published: March 2024

Xylella fastidiosa ( Xf) is a vascular phytopathogenic bacterium native to the Americas, known for causing severe diseases and significant economic losses in important crops. In Europe, Xf is considered a quarantine pathogen. Since its first detection in 2013 in Italy, mandatory surveys to search for Xf across Europe have revealed the presence of three Xf subspecies ( fastidiosa, multiplex, and pauca) in different outbreaks occurring in France, Spain, and Portugal. Xf subspecies sandyi and morus have not been associated with epidemic outbreaks in Europe; however, subspecies sandyi has been detected in intercepted plants imported from Costa Rica and Honduras. By combining data from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina sequencing platforms, we obtained complete genomes for Xf strains CO33 and CFBP8478. Both strains belong to the subspecies sandyi and were isolated from coffee plants intercepted in Europe that were imported from Costa Rica. These two genome resources increase the scarce number of Xf genomes available belonging to the subspecies sandyi, which is crucial for comparative genomic analysis and population studies of this important plant-pathogenic bacterium. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Understanding Eating Disorders and the Nurse's Role in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Support
Authors: Cole Britt 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT:
Eating disorders (EDs) are a severe type of mental illness that nurses in many settings may encounter. The three primary eating disorders—anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder—are described here. Signs, symptoms, and treatment of eating disorders are outlined, along with the importance of nurses in early identification of EDs and developing therapeutic relationships with patients. A case study and elements of spiritual care are presented.
Improving Heart Failure Patient Engagement with Mobile Apps Using Nurse Navigators
Authors: Phelps Rachel E. , Buckner Ellen B. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT:
Providing high-quality heart failure education through smartphone applications (apps) empowers patients to more successfully manage their disease process outside the hospital setting. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the addition of nurse navigators to increase engagement of newly-diagnosed heart failure patients with the GetWell Loop (GWL) technology program that assists patient learning and monitoring for self-care. Adding navigators increased patient engagement with the GWL over the use of the GWL without navigators.
The benefits of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Guanzhao , Chang Shuting , Zhao Faming , Guan Xiangfeng , Nie Zifan , Liu Wenhao , Li Bo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PSCK9) inhibitors have been beneficial for many patients with hyperlipidemia. The objective of this study was to investigate the benefit of PSCK9 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Clinical Trials (published before January 2023; no language restriction) to compare the treatment of patients with ACS using PCSK9 inhibitors and placebo. The primary end points were major adverse cardiovascular events, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiogenic death, stroke, hospitalization for recurrent ACS, and coronary revascularization. Fixed- or random-effects models were used to assess the aggregated data.

Results
Of the 1686 identified studies, 5 were eligible and included in our analysis (of a total of 38,005 participants, 18,609 cases were placed in the PCSK9 inhibitor treatment group and 19,396 cases in the placebo group). Compared with the placebo group, PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduced the major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR]: 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.88; P < 0.00001) for patients following ACS. The incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction (relative risk: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.74–0.87; P < 0.00001), cardiovascular death (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83–1.10; P = 0.56), stroke (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63–0.88; P = 0.0007), hospitalization for recurrent ACS (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.40–0.83; P = 0.003), or coronary revascularization (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.76–0.88; P < 0.00001) all demonstrated a significant decrease in the comparison between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrated that treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with ACS reduced the probability of multiple cardiovascular events and improved patient prognosis.
Advocacy inquiry and circular questioning to maintain psychological safety in training, feedback, and conversations with residents
Authors: Lateef Fatimah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Training of emergency physicians through an emergency medicine residency program takes 5 years, that is, 3 years in junior residency and 2 years in senior residency. Throughout this period, residents will be exposed to a variety of educational methodologies and meet a spectrum of faculty, supervisors, and teachers, who will have different personalities, styles, and approaches to teaching and nurturing them. It is important to ensure the maintenance of psychological safety for these residents throughout their training journey and into the future years of practice s an emergency physician.
Communications, interactions (which involve questioning), and presentations will be an important part of this training program. This article looks at two modes of questioning: advocacy inquiry and circular questioning, which can be applied as appropriate. These two methods are examples in which faculty may consider adopting in their many interactions, follow-up, feedback, tutorials, facilitation, partnerships, and counseling sessions with residents. These two techniques offer options to maintain psychological safety, which can facilitate learners sharing and opening up. It can be included in the faculty’s armamentarium of questioning techniques and applied where applicable.
Comparative Study between Gluteal Artery Perforator Flaps and Local Fasciocutaneous Flaps in Reconstruction of Gluteal Pressure Ulcers
Authors: El Naggar Abdel Nasser Mohamed , Fathy Ibrahim Mostafa , Abdel Azeem Khaled Mohamed , Ibrahim Ahmed Hamdy Mahmoud , Mohamed Hawas Emad 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Gluteal pressure ulcers are a common problem, associated with great morbidity and cost, and their surgical treatment includes debridement with complete bursectomy, followed by soft tissue coverage. Gluteal artery perforator flaps and gluteal fasciocutaneous flaps are commonly preferred for reconstruction because they preserve the gluteal muscle, allowing for revision in recurrent cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between these two flaps in the reconstruction of gluteal pressure ulcers regarding operative time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and recurrence.

Methods:
This prospective comparative study was conducted on 30 patients who presented with stage IV gluteal pressure ulcers. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: each group consisted of 15 patients. Cases in group A were reconstructed using gluteal artery perforator flaps, and those in group B were reconstructed using local fasciocutaneous flaps.

Results:
There was statistically significant long operative time and short postoperative hospital stay in gluteal artery perforator flaps when compared with local fasciocutaneous flaps. Also, the fasciocutaneous group reported a higher nonsignificant complication rate when compared with the gluteal perforator group. No recurrent cases were reported, and most patients had satisfactory outcomes in both groups.

Conclusion:
Both techniques are safe, reliable, and effective and can be considered as a first-line option in the reconstruction of gluteal pressure ulcers.
The cell fate regulator DACH1 modulates ferroptosis through affecting P53/SLC25A37 signaling in fibrotic disease
Authors: Guo Mei , Zhuang Yanshuang , Wu Yang , Zhang Chun , Cheng Xudong , Xu Dong , Zhang Zili 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) is widely acknowledged for its involvement in regulating diverse cell fates, but its precise regulatory mechanism in ferroptosis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether DACH1 modulates ferroptosis through affecting P53/solute carrier family 25 member 37 (SLC25A37) signaling in hepatic fibrogenesis.

Methods:
CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to knockout DACH1 in HSC to determine the effect of DACH1 on ferroptosis. Immunoprecipitation, pulldown, and mouse model of hepatic fibrogenesis were used to analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ferroptosis regulation by DACH1.

Results:
We found that ferroptosis inducers increased the protein expression of DACH1 by suppressing the ubiquitin-proteasome signaling. DACH1 knockout can resist ferroptosis, whereas DACH1 knockin can enhance it. Interestingly, the upregulation of DACH1 resulted in the mitochondrial translocation of p53 by inducing phosphorylation at serine 392. The mutation of serine 392 can prevent the combination of DACH1 and p53, the mitochondrial translocation of p53, and DACH1-mediated ferroptosis. Moreover, SLC25A37 was identified as a candidate target for mitochondrial p53. The binding of p53 to SLC25A37 can enhance the iron uptake capacity of SLC25A37, which may cause an overload of iron in the mitochondria and hyperactive mitochondrial electron transport chain. Knockdown of SLC25A37 can impair p53-mediated mitochondrial iron overload and ferroptosis. Furthermore, treatment with erastin can induce HSC ferroptosis and relieve fibrotic lesion damage in the mouse model of hepatic fibrogenesis. HSC-specific knockdown of DACH1, p53, and SLC25A37 can abolish the induction of HSC ferroptosis and reversal of hepatic fibrogenesis by erastin treatment.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the DACH1/P53/SLC25A37 signaling pathway is a promising target for fibrotic disorders and reveals new regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis.
A case report and anesthetic implications of situs inversus totalis in video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary resection
Authors: Kor Benjamin T. , Kor Jennifer J. , Kor Todd M , He Amy Y. , Stewart Thomas M. , Sims Charles R. , Hofer Ryan E. , Kor Nathan T. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:
Reports are limited on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung malignancy of patients with situs inversus totalis (SIT). Patients with SIT have significant anatomic differences with implications that are important for surgery, anesthesia, and nursing to understand in order to provide care for this patient population.

Case presentation:
A 64-year-old man with SIT and lung adenocarcinoma needed flexible bronchoscopy and wedge resection of a 9×8-mm adenocarcinoma in the right upper lobe and underwent VATS.

Clinical discussion:
Pre-operative planning, including collaboration with the surgical team, allowed safe monitoring, induction of anesthesia, and airway isolation in this patient allowing them to have successful resection of their pulmonary malignancy. Post-operative care was enhanced by detailed communication and understanding of the patient’s anatomy and implications of this condition for post anesthesia care unit (PACU) nursing care.

Conclusion:
Patients with rare clinical conditions and backgrounds may require surgical and anesthetic intervention. We describe important anesthetic considerations of preoperative evaluation, airway management, cardiac monitoring, and vascular access that should be noted and taken into account for patients with SIT. Proper preparation, planning, and communication allow for patients with SIT to safely undergo surgical procedures.