bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willingness of Pharmacists to Prescribe Medication Abortion in California
Authors: Cohen Cathren , Hunter Lauren A. , Beltran Raiza M. , Serpico Jaclyn , Packel Laura , Ochoa Ayako Miyashita , McCoy Sandra I. , Conron Kerith J. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceNearly half of US states have restricted abortion access. Policy makers are exploring pathways to increase access to abortion and reproductive health care more broadly. Since 2016, California pharmacists could prescribe hormonal birth control, providing an opportunity to learn about the implementation of pharmacist-provided reproductive health care.ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of broadening pharmacist scope of practice to include prescribing medication abortion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October 11 to December 20, 2022, among a convenience sample of California licensed community pharmacists to examine their attitudes toward, knowledge of, and confidence in prescribing hormonal birth control and reports of pharmacy-level practices.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDescriptive analyses and log-binomial regression models were used to compare medication abortion and contraceptive provision attitudes by pharmacist and pharmacy characteristics.ResultsAmong the 316 pharmacists included in the analysis who worked at community pharmacies across California (mean [SD] age, 40.9 [12.0] years; 169 of 285 [59.3%] cisgender women; and 159 of 272 [58.5%] non-Hispanic Asian individuals), most (193 of 280 [68.9%]) indicated willingness to prescribe medication abortion to pharmacy clients if allowed by law. However, less than half were confident in their knowledge of medication abortion (139 of 288 [48.3%]) or their ability to prescribe it (115 of 285 [40.4%]). Pharmacists who indicated that providing access to hormonal birth control as a prescribing provider was important (263 of 289 [91.0%]) and were confident in their ability to prescribe it (207 of 290 [71.4%]) were 3.96 (95% CI, 1.80-8.73) times and 2.44 (95% CI, 1.56-3.82) times more likely to be willing to prescribe medication abortion and to express confidence in doing so, respectively. Although most pharmacists held favorable attitudes toward hormonal birth control, less than half (144 of 308 [46.8%]) worked in a pharmacy that provided prescriptions for hormonal birth control, and 149 who did not reported barriers such as lack of knowledge or training (65 [43.6%]), insufficient staff or time to add new services (58 [38.9%]), and lack of coverage for services (50 [33.6%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional survey study of California pharmacists suggest that most pharmacists were willing to prescribe medication abortion. However, future efforts to expand pharmacists’ scope of practice should include training to increase knowledge and confidence in prescribing medication abortion. Pharmacy-level barriers to hormonal birth control prescription, such as insurance coverage for pharmacist effort, should also be addressed, as they may serve as barriers to medication abortion access.
Mitigating the Overheat of Stretchable Electronic Devices Via High‐Enthalpy Thermal Dissipation of Hydrogel Encapsulation
Authors: Cao Can , Ji Shaobo , Jiang Ying , Su Jiangtao , Xia Huarong , Li Haicheng , Tian Changhao , Wong Yi Jing , Feng Xue , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe practical application of flexible and stretchable electronics is significantly influenced by their thermal and chemical stability. Elastomer substrates and encapsulation, due to their soft polymer chains and high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, are particularly susceptible to high temperatures and flame. Excessive heat poses a severe threat of damage and decomposition to these elastomers. By leveraging water as a high enthalpy dissipating agent, here, a hydrogel encapsulation strategy is proposed to enhance the flame retardancy and thermal stability of stretchable electronics. The hydrogel‐based encapsulation provides thermal protection against flames for more than 10 s through the evaporation of water. Further, the stretchability and functions automatically recover by absorbing air moisture. The incorporation of hydrogel encapsulation enables stretchable electronics to maintain their functions and perform complex tasks, such as fire saving in soft robotics and integrated electronics sensing. With high enthalpy heat dissipation, encapsulated soft electronic devices are effectively shielded and retain their full functionality. This strategy offers a universal method for flame retardant encapsulation of stretchable electronic devices.
Electron Delocalization and Electrochemical Potential Distribution Phenomena in Faradaic Electrode Materials for Understanding Electrochemical Behavior
Authors: Zhu Yachao , Deebansok Siraprapha , Deng Jie , Wang Xuanze , Brousse Thierry , Favier Frédéric , Fontaine Olivier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage devices are built upon the foudations of batteries and supercapacitors. In the past decade, new pseudocapacitor‐like electrodes are intensively developed to obtain superior energy storage performance. Pseudocapacitive matarials store charge through Faradaic processes, while the electrochemical signal remains like electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). To address this controversy, an analytical model is introduced for evaluating the voltammograms of electrode materials. Given this, the work focuses on understanding the origin of the pseudocapacitive phenomena in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical signal. Based on electron transfer mechanism and tunnelling effect within the atomic structure, pseudocapacitive matarials possess a high electron delocalization possibility related to the redox centers number and initiates the electrochemical potential distribution among neighboring redox sites, which is consequently observed in the electrochemical signal as the plateau feature in CV, like EDLC. First, the determination of the capacitive tendency of various electrode materials is proposed, which turns out to be relative to the redox centers number (n) and total charge (Z). Here, when this number is large, electron hopping will very likely happen. The developed model is versatile to predict rate/potential regimes for the maximum faradaic storage, and then well differentiates the pseudocapacitive and battery materials.
KCNJ3 is a novel candidate gene for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia identified using whole genome sequencing
Authors: Lee Woong‐Woo , Lee Cha Gon , Ki Chang‐Seok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of familial diseases characterized by progressive corticospinal tract degeneration. Clinically, patients present with lower‐limb spasticity and weakness. To date, more than 80 genetic HSP types have been identified. Despite advances in molecular genetics, novel HSP gene discoveries are ongoing, with a low genetic diagnostic yield. In this study, we aimed to determine pathogenic variants in a family with HSP, which was not diagnosed through conventional genetic testing. We clinically characterized a large family and conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of four affected and three unaffected individuals in the family to identify the genetic cause of HSP. This family had autosomal dominant pure (uncomplicated) late childhood‐onset HSP. The patients' symptoms accelerated between the ages of 20 and 30. Brain magnetic resonance images typically showed white matter changes, a thin corpus callosum, and cerebellar atrophy. We identified a heterozygous missense variant, KCNJ3 c.1297T>G (p.Leu433Val), through WGS and family genetic analysis, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We suggest that the identification of KCNJ3 c.1297T>G (p.Leu433Val) constitutes the discovery of a potential novel gene responsible for HSP in this family. This is the first study to report the possible role of a KCNJ3 variant in HSP pathogenesis. Our findings further expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of HSP.
Breaking the Scaling Relationship in C−N Coupling via the Doping Effects for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis
Authors: Lv Liyang , Tan Hao , Kong Yuan , Tang Bing , Ji Qianqian , Liu Yuying , Wang Chao , Zhuang Zechao , Wang Huijuan , Ge Min , Fan Minghui , Wang Dingsheng , Yan Wensheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemical C−N coupling reaction based on carbon dioxide and nitrate have been emerged as a new “green synthetic strategy” for the synthesis of urea, but the catalytic efficiency is seriously restricted by the inherent scaling relations of adsorption energies of the active sites, the improvement of catalytic activity is frequently accompanied by the decrease in selectivity. Herein, a doping engineering strategy was proposed to break the scaling relationship of intermediate binding and minimize the kinetic barrier of C−N coupling. A thus designed SrCo0.39Ru0.61O3−δ catalyst achieves a urea yield rate of 1522 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and faradic efficiency of 34.1 % at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. A series of characterizations revealed that Co doping not only induces lattice distortion but also creates rich oxygen vacancies (OV) in the SrRuO3. The oxygen vacancies weaken the adsorption of *CO and *NH2 intermediates on the Co and Ru sites respectively, and the strain effects over the Co−Ru dual sites promoting the occurrence of C−N coupling of the two monomers instead of selective hydrogenating to form by‐products. This work presents an insight into molecular coupling reactions towards urea synthesis via the doping engineering on SrRuO3.
Preparation of agar‐silica nanofilms through melt mixing: Extending beef shelf life through biodegradable packaging
Authors: Untoro Yovilianda Maulitiva , Nurhamiyah Yeyen , Firdiana Bonita , Nissa Rossy Choerun , Syamani Firda Aulya , Fateha Fateha , Fransiska Dina , Abdullah Akbar Hanif Dawam , Arcana I Made 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current study used the melt mixing approach to create a variety of agar/SiO2 nanoparticle (AG/Si) nanocomposites films. Silica nanoparticles were included as a filler in different proportions, varying from 0% to 5% (w/w). The study examined how the composition impacted the chemical properties, mechanical characteristics, thermal properties, water vapor barrier, surface color, and antimicrobial capabilities. After the addition of SiO2, the tensile strength increased significantly from 30.77 to 40.97 MPa at 4% SiO2. Moreover, the presence of SiO2 was improved the contact angle from 53.81° to 63.24°, brightness of the film (L*) from 70.63 ± 3.34 up to 84.80 ± 2.26, maximum degradation temperature (Tdmax) from 315 to 317°C and melting temperature (Tm) from 109 to 125°C. In the meantime, following the integration of SiO2 content, the density of agar film dropped from 1.27 to 1.16 kg/m3. The AG/Si film effectively prevented bacterial growth and extended the shelf life of fresh beef, suggesting a novel biobased option for antimicrobial packaging film.
What is the relationship between the local population change and cancer incidence in patients with dyslipidemia: Evidence of the impact of local extinction in Korea
Authors: Jeong Wonjeong , Choi Dong‐Woo , Kim Woorim , Han Kyu‐Tae 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in the local population are intricately linked to healthcare infrastructure, which subsequently impacts the healthcare sector. A decreasing local population can result in lagging health infrastructure, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes as patients may be at risk of not receiving optimal care and treatment. While some studies have explored the relationship between chronic diseases and local population decline, evidence regarding cancer is insufficient. In this study, we focused on how deteriorating management of chronic diseases such as dyslipidemia could influence the risk of cancer. We investigated the relationship between changes in the local population and cancer incidence among patients with dyslipidemia.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted using claims data. Data from adult patients with dyslipidemia from the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort conducted between 2002 and 2015 were included. Population changes in each region were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service and were used to link each individual's regional code. Cancer risk was the dependent variable, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the target associations.ResultsData from 336,883 patients with dyslipidemia were analyzed. Individuals who resided in areas with a decreasing population had a higher risk of cancer than those living in areas with an increasing population (decrease: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03–1.10; normal: HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.09). Participants living in regions with a low number of hospitals had a higher risk of cancer than those in regions with a higher number of hospitals (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12–1.29).ConclusionPatients in regions where the population has declined are at a higher risk of cancer, highlighting the importance of managing medical problems caused by regional extinction. This could provide evidence for and useful insights into official policies on population decline and cancer risk.
Child Fostering and the Question of Child Labour in Northern Ghana's Alleged Witches' Camps
Authors: Musah Baba Iddrisu , Achanso Adams Sulemana , Mutaru Saibu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong the Dagbamba of northern Ghana, the customary practice of child fostering is not the sole responsibility of biological parents, but rather a collective responsibility of the extended family and the larger society. This makes child fostering an age‐old, informal socio‐cultural practice and an integral aspect of social life. Even though the intentions behind child fostering are often good, fostering may also be associated with some dangers such as child labour. In recent years, the debate as to whether child fostering amounts to child labour has been extended to northern Ghana's alleged witches' camps; places where elderly women accused of witchcraft are sheltered. Drawing on one‐to‐one interviews with selected children, alleged witches and community elders, and supplemented by personal experiences growing up in Dagbambaland, this article examines child fostering in relation to child labour in these settlements. Using qualitative ethnographic data, our findings show that what is described as child labour in these settlements is a necessary evil for the category of children who live in these settlements.
Covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement for tumor bleeding from duodenal invasion in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shibuki Taro , Fukushi Ko , Inoue Kanae , Taira Tomonao , Satake Tomoyuki , Watanabe Kazuo , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Imaoka Hiroshi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Ikeda Masafumi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPatients with unresectable pancreatic cancer often present with duodenal bleeding, a potentially life‐threatening complication. In our case series of six unresectable pancreatic cancer patients with tumor bleeding, we explored the efficacy and safety of placement of a covered self‐expandable metallic stent in the duodenum as a treatment option; we achieved a hemostasis rate of 67% (4/6), with a rebleeding rate of 50% (2/4). No complications occurred with stent placement, except for food impaction in one patient. Covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement is a moderately effective treatment option for tumor bleeding in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Although its hemostatic efficacy is limited, covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement is safe and beneficial in some cases, warranting consideration in this disease setting with limited treatment options.
A case of adrenal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Ueda Tsuyoshi , Oe Shinji , Yoneda Akitoshi , Koya Yudai , Nebuya Satoru , Miyagawa Koichiro , Honma Yuichi , Shibata Michihiko , Shimajiri Shohei , Harada Masaru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn 82‐year‐old man had been treated for lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography examination showed swelling of the left adrenal gland, suggesting metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, HCC, or primary adrenal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) was performed for the pathological diagnosis, and adrenal metastasis of HCC was diagnosed. No notable complications due to EUS‐FNA were found. There have been reports of adrenal metastasis due to various cancers, but there are few reports that can confirm the diagnosis of adrenal metastasis of HCC using EUS‐FNA. Adrenal metastasis of HCC is not a rare condition, but it may be difficult to diagnose in the case of multiple cancer complications. We experienced a case in which EUS‐FNA was useful for the diagnosis of adrenal metastasis of HCC.
Response of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema) to fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox) predation in the Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar
Authors: Bonadonna G. , Ramilijaona O. M. , Raharivololona B. M. , Andrianarimisa A. , Razafindraibe H. , Freeman K. , Rasambainarivo F. , Wroblewski E. E. , Milich K. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLarge‐bodied mammals living in fragmented habitats are at higher risk of extinction, and such risk can be influenced by ecological factors such as predator–prey system dynamics. These dynamics can be particularly complex for conservation management when one endangered species preys on another endangered species in an isolated or poor‐quality habitat. Here we describe predation events observed over 19 months that involved two threatened species: the largest carnivore in Madagascar, the fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox), and three groups of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema) in the Betampona Strict Nature Reserve. This site is a 22 km2 low‐altitude rainforest that is surrounded by agricultural land and isolated from larger forest corridors. We aim to (1) assess the behavioral changes of P. diadema in response to fosa attacks and identify any antipredator strategies that they adopted, and (2) quantify the frequency of fosa attacks and the predation impact on the sifaka population. We report five direct observations of fosa predation attempts (one successful), the discovery of a dead sifaka with evidence of fosa predation, and the disappearance of three individuals. We describe the observed attacks and compare the sifaka activity budgets and movement patterns before and after the events. To escape the predator, sifakas fled short distances, hid, and remained vigilant. The impact of predation, combined with low reproductive rates and potentially high inbreeding of this isolated diademed sifaka population, could affect the survival of this species in Betampona. Given the compounding effects of habitat isolation and high hunting pressure, community‐specific conservation strategies should incorporate predator–prey dynamics via longitudinal monitoring of predator and prey population densities and quantifying the predation pressure between them.
Governing sustainable corridor development: A case study of the Gilimanuk–Denpasar–Padang Bai corridor in Indonesia
Authors: Djais Gitasanti , Fransen Jan , Koppenjan Joop 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn regional planning, and more specifically transport corridor development, sustainability is often overshadowed by economic ambitions and prospects. This contribution explores how the governance of corridor development processes can enhance sustainability. It presents findings from the planning process for the Gilimanuk–Denpasar–Padang Bai (GDP) Corridor in Bali, Indonesia. The analysis is guided by a theoretical framework that builds on literature on regional development, corridor development, sustainability and governance. Using process tracing, the analysis investigates the influence of five governance factors on the process of sustainable corridor development and its outcomes, notably the presence of a sustainability vision, the governance mode, the actor constellation, the available knowledge, and the institutional setting. Whereas literature on sustainable corridors suggests that governance structures and corridor management are needed, this contribution analysis how and under what conditions these structures in practice contribute to sustainable outcomes. The findings show how the original economic focus of the corridor gradually evolved into a more sustainable one, although not all potentials were realized. These illustrate that sustainable corridors require governance of interaction processes, involving a dynamic and contextualized constellation of governance factors, that co‐evolves during the planning process. Despite that the GDP corridor gradually developed into a more sustainable direction, the presence of a sustainability rather than an economic focus from the onset would have increased the potentials of realizing sustainability ambitions.
Spillover effects on the relationship with the partner of a mentalization‐based intervention for pregnant women
Authors: Berthelot Nicolas , Larouche Karl , Garon‐Bissonnette Julia , Deschênes Kim , Drouin‐Maziade Christine , Lemieux Roxanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe birth of a child has been associated with a decline in couple satisfaction, which has implications for the child's social‐emotional development. This study investigated the potential spillover effect on pregnant women's perceptions of their relationships with their partners of the Supporting the Transition to and Engagement in Parenthood (STEP) program, a brief trauma‐informed mentalization‐based prenatal group intervention. Participants (94% White) were recruited in prenatal clinics and through online advertisements in Quebec, Canada. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from participants assigned to the STEP program (n = 42) and those receiving treatment‐as‐usual (TAU; n = 125). Women participating in STEP reported significant improvements in their relationships with their partners compared to those assigned to TAU. More precisely, they reported higher couple satisfaction, enhanced communication, and increased interest in their partners’ emotional experience. The qualitative analysis further substantiated these results, with participants reporting having involved their partners in their pregnancy, shared their insights about themselves with their partners and gained fresh perspectives on their relationships. Participants in STEP also expressed sharing program materials with their partners and considered that such interventions should be extended to expecting fathers. This study underscores the potential of mentalization‐based interventions to indirectly contribute to couple relationships, which may have positive implications for parenting and the infant.
ICTs for Afghan women's empowerment in the pre‐ and new‐Taliban era: Roles of gender, education, and crises
Authors: Hussain Faheem , Amin Sara N. , Rezaie Razia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore women's use of ICTs in urban Afghanistan in the period between 2015 and 2022 to examine the changing gender dynamics of ICT access and usage in the context of expanding opportunities for women's education and employment (2015–2020) and different forms of crises, including the COVID19 pandemic (2020–2021) and political takeover by the fundamentalist and violent Taliban regime (2021–2022). Drawing on feminist theorization of empowerment and using a mixed methods study of 817 questionnaires (2015) and observation data (2015–2022) allows us to make visible the contingent and unintended dynamics of the relationship between women's empowerment and ICTs, especially in conflict zones. These findings contribute to ongoing debates on gender, empowerment and ICTs by emphasizing the multifaceted nature of technology adoption and usage, the significance of education in overcoming barriers, and the evolving role of ICTs, especially for women, in the face of radical political changes and crises.