bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, multicentre, open‐label, parallel‐group trial to compare the efficacy and safety profile of daming capsule in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Jing Ai , Li‐Mei Zhao , Yan‐Jie Lu , Ben‐Zhi Cai , Yong Zhang , Bao‐Feng Yang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo study the efficacy and tolerability of Daming capsule (DMC) in Chinese patients with hyperlipidemia, a randomized, multi‐centre, open‐label, parallel‐group trial was conducted. Sixty enrolled patients with hyperlipidemia allocated to six medical centers were randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. One group received DMC 2 g b.i.d. for 6 weeks, and the other received pravastatin 10 mg o.d. for 6 weeks. For efficacy assessment, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were measured before and after drug treatment. Serum TC and LDL‐C levels in the DMC‐treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (p < 0.05), while TG and HDL‐C levels did not change much. Tolerability was assessed by heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr), which were not changed in either the DMC or pravastatin groups at 3 and 6 weeks (p > 0.05). Besides, eight patients experienced diarrhea during DMC treatment and two experienced myalgia and epigastric discomfort during pravastatin treatment. Based on the above results, it was concluded that DMC may be a good candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and further clinical trials are warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of the antiproliferative action of limonene on a lymphoma cell line: participation of nitric oxide. antiproliferative action of limonene on a lymphoma cell line
Authors: Manuele Maria Gabriela , Arcos Maria Laura Barreiro , Davicino Roberto , Ferraro Graciela , Cremaschi Graciela , Anesini Claudia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPreviously limonene demonstrated antiproliferative action on a lymphoma cell line (BW5147). The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the antiproliferative action of limonene on BW 5147 cells. The induction of apoptosis and arrest in cell cycle phases, both phenomena related to nitric oxide (NO) production, was analyzed, as well as NO production. Results showed that limonene exhibited antiproliferative action on tumoral lymphocytes exerting a decrease in cell viability that was related to apoptosis induction and to the increase in NO levels at long incubation times. At short times and depending on its concentration, limonene arrested cells in different phases of the cell cycle, related to NO production. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Correlative Index, A New Adaptable Molecular Characterization Method and Its Application in Predicting Collision Cross Sections of Singly Protonated Peptides
Authors: Yang Li , Tian Feifei , Lv Fenglin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel adaptable and adjustable structure descriptor based on the distribution and interaction of 2D atom pairs is described. The new Generalized Correlative Index (GCI) was applied to a large‐scale dataset of peptide collision cross sections which were previously measured using Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Based on Genetic Algorithm‐Multiple Linear Regression (GA‐MLR) approach, a linear model relating GCI with peptide collision cross section was constructed and tested using external validation and Monte Carlo cross‐validation, the results confirmed that the GCI‐based model is robust and predictive. The statistics for training and test sets are r=0.9960, q=0.9955, RMSEE=5.217, RMSCV=5.413, rpred=0.9959, and RMSEP=5.016.
Insight into Inhibitory Activity of Mycobacterial Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors by In‐silico Molecular Modeling Approaches
Authors: Bag Seema , Tawari Nilesh R. , Degani Mariam S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo facilitate the discovery of Mycobacterium avium complex dihydrofolate reductase (MAC DHFR) inhibitors, various molecular modeling studies such as homology modeling, pharmacophore mapping, and 3D‐QSAR studies were undertaken. To address the issue of bioactive conformer in ligand‐based approaches, ensemble of conformers obtained from docking studies was used for pharmacophore mapping and for 3D‐QSAR studies. The developed structure‐chemical‐feature‐based pharmacophore model was consistent with the structure‐functional requirements for the binding of the DHFR inhibitors. Using the generated homology model, interactions between the reported inhibitors were explored. The results showed that the type and spatial location of chemical features encoded in the pharmacophore and 3D‐QSAR contours are in agreement with the enzyme inhibitor interaction pattern identified from molecular docking. The outcomes of the study could be used for the rational design of potent and selective MAC DHFR inhibitors.
Chaotic communication improves authentication: protecting WSNs against injection attacks
Authors: Martinovic Ivan , Gollan Nicos , Cappellaro Luc , Schmitt Jens 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a system leveraging peculiarities of the wireless medium, such as the broadcast nature of wireless communication and the unpredictability of indoor signal propagation to achieve effective protection against attacks based on the injection of fake data. Using a real‐world WSN deployment and a realistic implementation of an attacker, we analyze this protection scheme and demonstrate that neither position change, transmission power manipulation, nor complete knowledge of wireless parameters can help an attacker to successfully attack the network.As a result, this work demonstrates how the chaotic nature of radio communication, which is often considered a disadvantage in regard to security objectives, can be exploited to enhance protection and support implementation of lightweight security mechanisms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burnout and light treatment
Authors: Meesters Y. , Waslander M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe core symptom of the burnout syndrome is emotional exhaustion, which leads to impaired functioning on the job. Studies of sufferers of seasonal affective disorders and of healthy people show that energy levels can be improved by exposing them to bright light. It is hypothesized that energy levels of patients with burnout complaints can similarly be improved by exposure to bright light. In a small study, the effects of light treatment in burnout sufferers were researched. A comparison was made between a treatment condition (n = 16) and a waiting list condition (n = 14). The effects were assessed by means of several self‐rating instruments. Patients’ energy levels were seen to improve significantly according to the scores on two out of three instruments. If light treatment is administered prior to any other treatment, it is postulated that the results of the second treatment will take effect more quickly. Conclusions can only be preliminary due to the small sample size, but they are encouraging nevertheless. Replication in a study with a larger sample size is desirable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life stress and coping styles related to cognition in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kozora Elizabeth , Ellison Misoo C. , West Sterling 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe compared the frequency of life stress and coping styles using self‐report measures in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls. We also explored the relationship between cognition, life stress and coping. Thirty‐one SLE patients with overt neuropsychiatric (NPSLE) symptoms, 22 SLE patients without overt neuropsychiatric (non‐NPSLE) symptoms and 25 healthy controls completed measures of cognition, life events and coping skills. SLE patients (NP and non‐NP) showed greater use of negative, disengaging coping scales (p = 0.002) and more negative life stress events over the past 6 months (p = 0.018) and past 6–12 months (p = 0.004) compared with controls. NPSLE and non‐NPSLE subjects were higher on a cognitive impairment index (CII) than controls (p < 0.001). Only the NPSLE subjects had significant correlations between CII and negative life events 0–6 months (p < 0.001), negative life events 0–12 months (p < 0.001) and negative coping styles (p = 0.007). SLE patients demonstrated greater negative life events over the past 12 months and tend to utilise greater negative disengaging coping skills. NPSLE patients demonstrate a potential relationship between negative life events, negative coping and cognitive dysfunction. The associations between cognitive changes and life stress and coping suggest the need for integrated behavioural strategies for treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clipping at early florescence is more efficient for controlling the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Gao Yang , Tang Long , Wang Jinqing , Wang Chenghuan , Liang Zongsuo , Li Bo , Chen Jiakuan , Zhao Bin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAs invasive plants in different life stages have different recovery potential against devegetation operation, how to optimize the proper timing (the time for single treatment or the starting time for repeated treatments) for eliminating them becomes an important topic in the management of invasive plants. The invasive plant Spartina alterniflora was selected in this study, and it was clipped as a devegetation example to examine how important treatment timing is for increasing control efficiency. The results illustrated that by either single or repeated clipping treatments within 1 year, clipping at florescence was more efficient for controlling S. alterniflora. On the other hand, increasing clipping frequency without proper timing might not enhance control efficiency, suggesting that treatments in proper timing might reduce the clipping frequency required for a specific control target. From a management point of view, each control method has its optimal treatment timing, thus, in order to improve the control efficiency, the control programs should be ideally designed in relation to the phenology of the target plant. Besides, repeated clipping showed significantly higher control efficiency in low tidal zone than in high tidal zone, implying that habitat dependence of invasive plant control efficiency is an important issue in the management of invasive plants.
Ecological risks in anthropogenic disturbance of nitrogen cycles in natural terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Fujimaki Reiji , Sakai Akiko , Kaneko Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAnthropogenic addition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to the biosphere is increasing globally and some terrestrial ecosystems are suffering from a state of excess Nr for biological nitrogen (N) demand, termed N saturation. Here, we review the ecological risks in relation to N saturation and prospective responses to N saturation. Excess Nr increases the risks of local extinction of rare plant species, encouragement of exotic plant species, disturbance of nutrient balance in plant organs, and increase of herbivory in plant communities. On the ecosystem scale, excess bioavailable N induces forest decline, disturbance of nutrient cycling within ecosystems, depending on vegetation, soil, land‐use, and N‐loading history. These Nr risks will increase in the Asian region, where impacts of Nr in natural terrestrial ecosystems have been scarcely studied. Whether much of the terrestrial ecosystems on a global level are in the sate of N saturation or not is still controversial, but the potential risks of excess Nr seem to be increasing. The fundamental ways to mitigate Nr risks are to reduce Nr production, prevent Nr translocation, and promote conversion of Nr to N2. Temporal, but promising actions against ecological N risks may include management of forests and riparian zones, and carbon addition in grassland.
The influence of maternal age on the outcomes of pregnancies complicated by bleeding at less than 12 weeks
Authors: MBUGUA GITAU GODFREY , LIVERSEDGE HELEN , GOFFEY DAWN , HAWTON ANNEMARIE , LIVERSEDGE NEIL , TAYLOR MYLES 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effect of maternal age on the outcome of threatened miscarriage after ultrasound has confirmed fetal heart (FH) pulsation was assessed. At a university teaching hospital, 138 women presenting with bleeding before 12 weeks’ gestation were followed up until delivery or pregnancy loss. Those with multiple or ectopic pregnancy, social termination of pregnancy, assisted conception and temporary residence were excluded. Outcome measures were pregnancy loss, fetal abnormalities, preterm delivery, low birthweight and cesarean delivery. Age over 35 years was significantly associated with reduced live‐birth and increased miscarriage rates. Women over 35 years of age had higher cesarean section and pregnancy loss rates than the younger women. The combination of bleeding in early pregnancy and advanced age increases risk of pregnancy loss even after ultrasound has confirmed FH pulsation.
Cesarean section is associated with more frequent pneumothorax and respiratory problems in the neonate
Authors: BENTERUD TORKIL , SANDVIK LEIV , LINDEMANN ROLF 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have investigated whether the incidence of neonatal pneumothorax (NP), use of mechanical ventilation (MV) or Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) is increased in neonates delivered at term and preterm by cesarean section (CS). All deliveries at Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, during the period 2001–2005 (n = 29,358) were included, among whom 5,957 were delivered by CS (20.3%). Data were collected on mode of delivery, elective or emergency CS, gestational age, maternal age, gender and parity. Among the 26,664 neonates born at term (≥37th gestational week), 4,546 were delivered by CS (17.0%), of whom 0.5% by elective and 0.6% by emergency CS with NP. The incidence of diagnosed NP was significantly higher after CS than after vaginal delivery (0.6% vs. 0.10%, p<0.001). In addition, the need for MV was significantly increased (0.41% vs. 0.19%; p = 0.01) but use of CPAP was not (0.28%vs. 0.15%; p = 0.08). Among 2,694 neonates born preterm (<37th gestational week), 1,266 were delivered by CS (47.0%). The incidence of diagnosed NP was 2.05% when delivered by CS but only 0.63% when delivered vaginally (p<0.01). Among the preterm infants delivered by CS, 17.7% needed CPAP compared to 6.9% when delivered vaginally (p<0.001) and MV was required for 8.1 and 3.7% (p<0.001), respectively. Among neonates delivered at term or moderately preterm (30–36 weeks) by CS the incidence of NP and other respiratory problems was significantly increased.
Urethrography in the male: The clamp method
Authors: Berná J. D. , Berná J. D. , Meson M. Aparicio 
Published: January 2009

Background: Retrograde urethrography is considered the gold standard for evaluating stenosis or urethral disease. Purpose: To describe the clamp method for optimizing retrograde urethrography (RUG) using a perfected device and a drip infusion system. Material andMethods: RUG was performed in 42 patients with a mean age of 63.4±16.5 years suspected of having urethral stenosis. The modifications to the device are shown, and the steps of the technique described. The intensity of pain from both catheterization and external compression was measured on a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All the RUG examinations were conducted satisfactorily. The use of the drip infusion system enabled visualization of the posterior urethra in 97.6% of cases, and bladder repletion was achieved in 95.2% of cases. The urethrograms revealed images of stenosis in 31 patients. With catheterization the mean pain intensity registered by VAS was 0.7±0.6 (SD), whereas with external compression the mean pain intensity was 0.06±0.02 (SD). Conclusion: The clamp method and drip infusion system used in this study are efficient and reduce patient discomfort. The procedure makes it possible to assess cases with stenosis close to the meatus that are difficult to manage with the conventional method.
Fossa trochanterica of the proximal femur in rabbits: An anatomic structure for potential misinterpretation on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Wang Hao-Hao , Wang Yi-Xiang J. , Sheng Hui , Zhang Ge , Qin Ling , Ahuja Anil T. , Teng Li-Song 
Published: January 2009

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used as an investigational tool for assessing the structure and function of animal skeletal disease models. However, to date, MRI tomographic knowledge of laboratory animal skeletal anatomy and pathology remains limited. Purpose: To demonstrate that fossa trochanterica of the proximal femur in rabbits can potentially be misinterpreted as a bone lesion on MR images. Material and Methods: Twenty 28–30-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. Corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis induction was carried out with a combined administration of lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone. In this animal model, it is known that osteonecrosis commonly occurs in the proximal femur. MRI at 1.5T was performed before osteonecrosis induction, and at 1 and 2 weeks post-osteonecrosis induction. For anatomical imaging of the proximal femur, coronal sectional images were obtained to align the femoral head, neck, and proximal shaft in a single plane. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) comprised continuous axial acquisitions through the bilateral hip joints and femurs and was performed on one age- and sex-matched New Zealand white rabbit to correlate MRI anatomical findings. Results: In 30% of the acquired normal data sets, a low-signal area surrounded by high-signal bone marrow was observed slightly distal to the femoral head and medial to the third trochanter. This dark, low-signal area resembled an osteonecrosis lesion on MR images. Volumetric CT clarified that the low MR signal was due to the deep fossa trochanterica structure in the rabbit proximal femur. Conclusion: Improved understanding of the cross-sectional anatomy of the fossa trochanterica in the rabbit proximal femur will prevent misinterpretation as a bone lesion on MR images.
TOWARDS A EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL?
Authors: Montanari Ingalill , Nelson Kenneth , Palme Joakim 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
The market-enhancing regulations of the European Union (EU) place political and economic constraints on the Member States. This has been expected to induce convergence of social policies, generally in a downward direction. At the same time the notion of a European Social Model has been launched as a strategy to make marketization socially acceptable, pointing to a development in a different direction. This paper examines key aspects of the development of the main social insurance programs during the period 1980–2000 in 14 EU Member States. Are there significant signs of convergence in the replacement rates of social insurance programs and do broader development trends of the social insurance systems indicate converging institutional models? The results indicate divergence rather than convergence of social insurance replacement rates. In terms of institutional models there is no evidence of a common European Social Model in the area of social insurance over the past decades.
FIRST-TIME JOBSEEKERS VERSUS UNEMPLOYED WITH PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE
Authors: Covizzi Ilaria 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
Italy has one of the highest incidences of long-term unemployment among OECD countries. The share of first-time jobseekers among the long-term unemployed is outstanding compared to that of the unemployed who have lost a job. Using data from the Italian Household Panel survey and event history analysis, this paper investigates the impact of individual, familial and institutional factors on the duration of unemployment spells of Italian first-time jobseekers and those unemployed who have lost their job, and assesses the issue of duration dependence. Findings emphasise the importance from a policy perspective of analysing these two unemployment experiences separately. The two unemployed groups undergo very different processes of exiting unemployment due to some specific institutional and structural features of the Italian socio-economic context. Results indicate that in Italy the chances of finding a first job decrease with time, and education proves to be effective only after long job searches. On the contrary, among Italian adult unemployed the probability of finding a new job largely depends on individual and familial characteristics rather than on mechanisms associated to the length of time spent unemployed.
UNIVERSAL DISADVANTAGE?
Authors: Warren Tracey 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
Working fewer than full-time hours has been seen as a crucial way in which women workers can balance demands from home and paid work. But working part-time holds a range of negative repercussions for other aspects of worker's lives, in particular their economic well-being. Examining objective and subjective indicators of economic well-being, the paper uses data from the European Community Household Panel Survey to consider the ramifications of working short hours for women in Europe. The paper is concerned with the generalisability of the very weak situation of part-timers in Britain. It asks whether and how the economic problems faced by women at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy differ according to societal context. The papers shows that part-time low level workers had the lowest monthly wages relative to their compatriots in each country examined, though the intensity of wage disadvantage varied substantially across the sample. The research did not uncover a universal positive correlation between women's relative wage positions and individual level measures of economic well-being, however. The most prevalent association between working part-time in a low level occupation and facing a weak economic position occurred at the level of household economies. The paper concludes by asking how we best research economic well-being, including whether it should be approached via an individual or household level analysis.
SURVEILLANCE IN GERMANY AFTER 9/11
Authors: Topal Çagatay 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, surveillance pressure on immigrants increased considerably. The trend was the globalization of surveillance of the world population but especially of immigrants. 9/11 was not a turning point, however, since surveillance was already headed towards being globalized. The post-9/11 context accelerated this process. The economic and political developments that have taken place after 9/11 demonstrate that the processes of globalization, immigration and surveillance are closely linked. Today, immigrants from Turkey in Germany experience surveillance within this context. The regulations of the European Union, the policies of the German government and global political-economic processes play interdependent roles in this surveillance which is now more intensified, focused, arbitrary and widespread. Those groups who are economically, religiously, politically, and culturally marginalized are the primary targets of surveillance. The case of immigrants from Turkey can be used to exemplify the surveillance of immigrants in advanced capitalist countries.