bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte proliferation factors from neonatal pig liver: Purification and characterization
Authors: Hiyoshi Mineyoshi , Ohkubo Tomoichi , Tsuji Kimiyoshi , Hagihara Masao , Nakasaki Hisao , Mukai Masaya , Makuuchi Hiroyasu , Yamamura Masaichi , Tsuda Michio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo factors were found in the condition medium of neonatal pig liver fragments, which were capable of stimulating DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes. They were named hepatocyte proliferation factor (HPF)‐1 and HPF‐2 and purified 1,025‐ and 2,580‐fold, respectively. Both HPF‐1 and HPF‐2 seem to be anionic at pH 8.0 judged from the elution pattern of DEAE (DE52) column chromatography. HPF‐1 was recovered as a non‐adsorbed fraction in blue Sepharose and heparin Sepharose columns, and had a molecular weight of 26–31 kDa as estimated by gel filtration in high salt condition. Purified HPF‐1 stimulated DNA synthesis of primary rat hepatocytes, but suppressed that of HepG2 cells. HPF‐2 strongly bound to blue Sepharose and heparin Sepharose columns, and had a molecular weight of 71–90 kDa as estimated by SDS‐PAGE under non‐reduced condition. Purified HPF‐2 stimulated DNA synthesis of primary rat hepatocytes dose dependently but did not suppress that of HepG2 cells.From further biological and chemical characteristics studied in this paper, HPF‐1 and HPF‐2 may be novel stimulating proteins for hepatocyte proliferation, although the possibility that they are already known growth factors can not be excluded without complete purification and its cloning.
Membrane‐rigidifying effects of anti‐cancer dietary factors
Authors: Tsuchiya Hironori , Nagayama Motohiko , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Furusawa Miyuki , Kashimata Masanori , Takeuchi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSince several anti‐cancer drugs interact with cell membrane lipids, the effects of anti‐cancer dietary factors on liposomal membranes with different lipid composition were comparatively studied by measuring fluorescence polarization. Fluidity was imparted on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of lipid bilayers by decreasing cholesterol and increasing unsaturated phosphatidylcholine in membranes. At 0.625‐10 μM, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, apigenin, resveratrol and a reference anti‐cancer drug, doxorubicin, rigidified the tumor cell model membranes consisting of 20 mol% cholesterol and 80 mol% phosphatidylcholine with the acyl chain 18:1/16:0 ratio of 1.0, but not daidzein. They were more effective on the membrane core than the membrane surface. Quercetin showed a biphasic effect on the hydrophobic regions of membrane lipid bilayers to rigidify above 5 μM and fluidize below 2.5 μM. In contrast, anti‐cancer dietary factors and doxorubicin were not or much less effective in rigidifying the normal cell model membranes consisting of 40 mol% cholesterol and 60 mol% phosphatidylcholine with the acyl chain 18:1/16:0 ratio of 0.5. The membrane‐rigidifying effects were greater depending on a decrease of the cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine ratio and an increase of the phosphatidylcholine unsaturation degree. Membrane‐active dietary factors and doxorubicin inhibited the growth of mouse myeloma cells at 10‐100 μM, while the growth inhibition by membrane‐inactive daidzein was relatively weak. Anti‐cancer dietary factors appear to act on more fluid membranes like tumor cells as well as doxorubicin to induce rigidification, especially in the hydrocarbon core of membrane lipids, which is determined by the composition of cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids.
Antioxidant effects of tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives identified in aged garlic extract
Authors: Ichikawa Makoto , Ryu Kenjiro , Yoshida Jiro , Ide Nagatoshi , Yoshida Susumu , Sasaoka Takashi , Sumi Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives (THβCs) are formed through Pictet‐Spengler chemical condensation between tryptophan and aldehydes during food production, storage and processing. In the present study, in order to identify the antioxidants in aged garlic extract (AGE), we fractionated it and identified four THβCs; 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acids (MTCC) and 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid (MTCdiC) in both diastereoisomers using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Interestingly, these compounds were not detected in raw garlic, but the contents increased during the natural aging process of garlic. In in vitro assay systems, all of these compounds have shown strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. (1S, 3S)‐MTCdiC was found to be stronger than the common antioxidant, ascorbic acid. MTCC and MTCdiC inhibited AAPH‐induced lipid peroxidation. Both MTCdiCs also inhibited LPS‐induced nitrite production from murine macrophages at 10‐100 μM. Our data suggest that these compounds are potent antioxidants in AGE, and thus may be useful for prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress.
The biomolecule ubiquinone exerts a variety of biological functions
Authors: Nohl Hans , Staniek Katrin , Kozlov Andrey V. , Gille Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe chemistry of ubiquinone allows reversible addition of single electrons and protons. This unique property is used in nature for aerobic energy gain, for unilateral proton accumulation, for the generation of reactive oxygen species involved in physiological signaling and a variety of pathophysiological events. Since several years ubiquinone is also considered to play a major role in the control of lipid peroxidation, since this lipophilic biomolecule was recognized to recycle α‐tocopherol radicals back to the chain‐breaking form, vitamin E. Ubiquinone is therefore a biomolecule which has increasingly focused the interest of many research groups due to its alternative pro‐ and antioxidant activity. We have intensively investigated the role of ubiquinone as prooxidant in mitochondria and will present experimental evidences on conditions required for this function, we will also show that lysosomal ubiquinone has a double function as proton translocator and radical source under certain metabolic conditions. Furthermore, we have addressed the antioxidant role of ubiquinone and found that the efficiency of this activity is widely dependent on the type of biomembrane where ubiquinone exerts its chain‐breaking activity.
Regeneration of the antioxidant ubiquinol by lipoamide dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase
Authors: Nordman Tomas , Xia Ling , Björkhem‐Bergman Linda , Damdimopoulos Anastassios , Nalvarte Ivan , Arnér Elias S. J. , Spyrou Giannis , Eriksson Lennart C. , Björnstedt Mikael , Olsson Jerker M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUbiquinol is a powerful antioxidant, which is oxidized in action and needs to be replaced or regenerated to be capable of a sustained effort. This article summarises current knowledge of extramitochondrial reduction of ubiquinone by three flavoenzymes, i.e. lipoamide dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase, belonging to the same pyridine nucleotide‐disulfide oxidoreductase family. These three enzymes are the most efficient extramitochondrial ubiquinone reductases so far described. The reduction of ubiquinone by lipoamide dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase is potently stimulated by zinc and the highest rate of reduction is achieved at acidic pH and the rates are equal with either NADPH or NADH as co‐factors. The most efficient ubiquinone reductases are mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductases, which are selenoenzymes with a number of biological functions. Reduction of ubiquinone by thioredoxin reductase is in contrast to the other two enzymes investigated, inhibited by zinc and shows a sharp physiological pH optimum at pH 7.5. Furthermore, the reaction is selenium dependent as revealed from experiments using truncated and mutant forms of the enzyme and also in a cellular context by selenium treatment of transfected thioredoxin reductase overexpressing stable cell lines. The reduction of ubiquinone by the three enzymes offers a multifunctional system for extramitochondrial regeneration of an important antioxidant.
Phylloquinone, what can we learn from plants?
Authors: Lochner K. , Döring O. , Böttger M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe plant plasma membrane contains redox proteins able to mediate a trans‐membrane electron flow. This electron flow might be responsible for the generation of the active oxygen species observed as a reaction to pathogen attack or stress. Vitamin K1 could be identified as a possible lipid soluble electron carrier in plant plasma membrane preparations. Such a function would be analogous to coenzyme Q in animal plasma membranes.What we are going to outline in this contribution is a concept of how the electron transport system of the plant plasma membrane could interact with quinones, thus contributing to the metabolism of free radicals in plants.
Systematic review of effect of coenzyme Q10 in physical exercise, hypertension and heart failure
Authors: Rosenfeldt Franklin , Hilton Deborah , Pepe Salvatore , Krum Henry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 in physical exercise. We identified eleven studies in which CoQ10 was tested for an effect on exercise capacity, six showed a modest improvement in exercise capacity with CoQ10 supplementation but five showed no effect.CoQ10 in hypertension. We identified eight published trials of CoQ10 in hypertension. Altogether in the eight studies the mean decrease in systolic blood pressure was 16 mm Hg and in diastolic blood pressure, 10 mm Hg. Being devoid of significant side effects CoQ10 may have a role as an adjunct or alternative to conventional agents in the treatment of hypertension.CoQ10 in heart failure. We performed a randomised double blind placebo‐controlled pilot trial of CoQ10 therapy in 35 patients with heart failure. Over 3 months, in the CoQ10 patients but not in the placebo patients there were significant improvements in symptom class and a trend towards improvements in exercise time.Meta‐analysis of randomised trials of coenzyme Q10 in heart failure. In nine randomised trials of CoQ10 in heart failure published up to 2003 there were non‐significant trends towards increased ejection fraction and reduced mortality. There were insufficient numbers of patients for meaningful results. To make more definitive conclusions regarding the effect of CoQ10 in cardiac failure we recommend a prospective, randomised trial with 200–300 patients per study group. Further trials of CoQ10 in physical exercise and in hypertension are recommended.
Statins lower plasma and lymphocyte ubiquinol/ubiquinone without affecting other antioxidants and PUFA
Authors: Passi Siro , Stancato Andrea , Aleo Enrico , Dmitrieva Anna , Littarru Gian Paolo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt has been shown that treating hypercholesterolemic patients (HPC) with statins leads to a decrease, at least in plasma, not only in cholesterol, but also in important non‐sterol compounds such as ubiquinone (CoQ10), and possibly dolichols, that derive from the same biosynthetic pathway. Plasma CoQ10 decrease might result in impaired antioxidant protection, therefore leading to oxidative stress. In the present paper we investigated the levels in plasma, lymphocytes and erythrocytes, of ubiquinol and ubiquinone, other enzymatic and non‐enzymatic lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids of phosfolipids and cholesterol ester fractions, as well as unsaturated lipid and protein oxidation in 42 hypercholesterolemic patients treated for 3 months. The patients were treated with different doses of 3 different statins, i.e. atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 10) and 20 mg (n = 7), simvastatin, 10 mg (n = 5) and 20 mg (n = 10), and pravastatin, 20 mg (n = 5) and 40 mg (n = 5).Simvastatin, atorvastatin and pravastatin produced a dose dependent plasma depletion of total cholesterol (t‐CH), LDL‐C, CoQ10H2, and CoQ10, without affecting the CoQ10H2/CoQ10ratio. The other lipophilic antioxidants (d‐RRR‐α‐tocopherol‐vit E‐, α‐tocopherol, vit A, lycopene, and β‐carotene), hydrophilic antioxidants (vit C and uric acid), as well as, TBA‐RS and protein carbonyls were also unaffected. Similarly the erythrocyte concentrations of GSH and PUFA, and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (Cu,Zn‐SOD, GPx, and CAT) were not significantly different from those of the patients before therapy. In lymphocytes the reduction concerned CoQ10H2, CoQ10, and vit E; other parameters were not investigated. The observed decline of the levels of CoQ10H2 and CoQ10 in plasma and of CoQ10H2, CoQ10 and vit E in lymphocytes following a 3 month statin therapy might lead to a reduced antioxidant capacity of LDL and lymphocytes, and probably of tissues such as liver, that have an elevated HMG‐CoA reductase enzymatic activity. However, this reduction did not appear to induce a significant oxidative stress in blood, since the levels of the other antioxidants, the pattern of PUFA as well as the oxidative damage to PUFA and proteins resulted unchanged. The concomitant administration of ubiquinone with statins, leading to its increase in plasma, lymphocytes and liver may cooperate in counteracting the adverse effects of statins, as already pointed out by various authors on the basis of human and animal studies.
Can coenzyme Q10 improve vascular function and blood pressure? Potential for effective therapeutic reduction in vascular oxidative stress
Authors: Hodgson Jonathan M. , Watts Gerald F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ) is an endogenously synthesised compound that acts as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The presence of adequate tissue concentrations of CoQ may be important in limiting oxidative and nitrosative damage in vivo. Oxidative and nitrosative stress are likely to be elevated in conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. In these conditions elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress within the arterial wall may contribute to increased blood pressure and vascular dysfunction. The major focus of this review is the potential of CoQ to improve vascular function and lower blood pressure. Although there is substantial indirect support for the putative mechanism of effect of CoQ on the vascular system, to date there is little direct support for an effect of CoQ on in vivo markers of oxidative or nitrosative stress. The limited data available from studies in animal models and from human intervention studies are generally consistent with a benefit of CoQ on vascular function and blood pressure. The observed effects of CoQ on these endpoints are potentially important therapeutically. However, before any firm clinical recommendations can be made about CoQ supplementation, further intervention studies in humans are needed to investigate the effects of CoQ on vascular function, blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes. The particularly relevant groups of patients for these studies are those with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome.
Antioxidant response induced by serum withdrawal protects HL‐60 cells against inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
Authors: Gómez‐Díaz Consuelo , Bello Rosario I. , López‐Lluch Guillermo , Forthoffer Nathalie , Navas Plácido , Villalba José M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have previously shown that inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 with dicoumarol decreases growth and viability of HL‐60 cells in the absence of serum. Here we demonstrate that culturing HL‐60 cells in serum‐free medium in the presence of dicoumarol results in a significant potentiation of apoptosis. However, when cells were preincubated for 24 h without serum before they were treated with dicoumarol, the effect of the inhibitor on cell growth and death was much lower. We have investigated cellular changes induced in HL‐60 cells by removal of serum that could account for protection against the effects of dicoumarol. Serum removal induced significant increases of NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1, particularly at 32 h after serum withdrawal. Total amounts of ubiquinone in cells were unchanged but, its reduction state paralleled the observed increase in quinone reductase activity. Levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 were also significantly increased after serum removal. Our results indicate that removal of serum evokes an antioxidant protective response that make HL‐60 cells less sensitive to cell death induced by inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 with dicoumarol.
Coenzyme Q, Vitamin E and Apo‐E alleles in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Battino M. , Bompadre S. , Leone L. , Devecchi E. , Degiuli A. , D'Agostino F. , Cambiè G. , D'Agostino M. , Faggi L. , Colturani G. , Gorini A. , Villa R. F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNeurodegenerative Diseases represent the most commmon cause of Dementia, about 5–10% of the population aged above 65 years and about 30% above 80 years. A study about Apo‐E alleles, Coenzyme Q and Vitamins E as biological indicators was performed in plasma samples of patients aged from 30 to 85 years, affected by Neurodegenerative Diseases. The results were compared with control subjects of approximately the same ages as the reference group.A frequency of 21.7% of ϵ4 allele in control group was estimated, against 15.8% observed in patients. The frequency of ϵ2 and ϵ3 alleles was 13.0% and 65.2% in the control group against 10.5% and 73.7% in patients. No significant differences were observed between the frequency of ϵ3/ϵ3 genotype and ϵ3/ϵ4 genotype in the control group compared to patients' group. The frequencies observed in ϵ2/ϵ3 genotype groups were 8.7% vs 15.8% and of e2/e4 genotype 17.4% vs 5.3%. The ϵ2/ϵ2 and ϵ4/ϵ4 genotypes were not identified in any groups.Plasma CoQ10 concentrations were similar in patient and control groups and no differences were found even taking into account the distribution of male and female subjects in the two groups. Also, vitamin E did not provide evidence of any differences between groups and the analysis among sexes revealed that again vitamin E concentrations were similar in between subgroups.
Hepatoprotective action of schisandrin B against carbon tetrachloride toxicity was mediated by both enhancement of mitochondrial glutathione status and induction of heat shock proteins in mice
Authors: Tang Man Ho , Chiu Po Yee , Ko Kam Ming 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the differential role of the mitochondrial glutathione status and induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 25/70 in protecting against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in schisandrin B (Sch B)‐pretreated mice. The time‐course of Sch B‐induced changes in these hepatic parameters were examined. Dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB), a non‐hepatoprotective analog of Sch B, was studied for comparison. Sch B treatment (2 mmol/kg) produced maximal enhancement in hepatic mitochondrial glutathione status as well as increases in hepatic HSP 25/70 levels at 24 h post‐dosing. The stimulatory effect of Sch B then gradually subsided, but the activities of hepatic mitochondrial glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S‐transferases (GST) as well as the level of HSP 25 remained relatively high even at 72 h post‐dosing. CCl4challenge caused significant impairment in mitochondrial glutathione status and a decrease in HSP 70 level, but the HSP 25 level was significantly elevated. While the extent of hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment against CCl4was found to inversely correlate with the time elapsed after the dosing, the protective effect was associated with the ability of Sch B to maintain the mitochondrial glutathione status and/or induce further production of HSP 25 in CCl4‐intoxicated condition. On the other hand, DDB treatment (2 mmol/kg), which did not increase mitochondrial GSH level and GST activity or induce further production of HSP 25 after CCl4challenge, could not protect against CCl4toxicity. The results suggest that the enhancement of mitochondrial glutathione status and induction of HSP 25/70 may contribute independently to the hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment.
Antioxidant activity in vitro of two aromatic compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L
Authors: Safitri Ratu , Tarigan Ponis , Freisleben Hans Joachim , Rumampuk Rymond J. , Murakami Akira 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo antioxidant compounds were isolated from C. sappan L by multiple steps of column chromatography and thin layer chromatography in succession with superoxide scavenging assay as activity monitor. Structures of the two compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods as 1′,4′‐dihydro‐spiro[benzofuran‐3(2H),3′‐[3H‐2]benzopyran]‐1′,6′,6′,7′‐tetrol (compound 1) and 3‐[[4,5‐dihydroxy‐2(hydroxymethyl) phenyl]‐methyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐3,6‐benzofurandiol (compound 2). Characterization of antioxidant properties of these two compounds was done by determining the inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity as well as scavenging effect on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Our results indicated that compounds 1 and 2 inhibited xanthine oxidase activity and scavenged superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Compounds 1 and 2 possessed similar radical scavenging activities as ascorbic acid, and they were more effective than other well‐known antioxidants such as α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene, and BHT. As inhibitors of free radical formation, compounds 1 and 2 were more effective than all the other antioxidants tested. In conclusion, compounds 1 and 2 can be regarded as primary antioxidants with radical‐scavenging and chain‐breaking activities as well as secondary antioxidants with inhibitory effect on radical generation.
Caroverine, a multifunctional drug with antioxidant functions
Authors: Nohl Hans , Bieberschulte Werner , Dietrich Barbara , Udilova Natalia , Kozlov Andrey V. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHere we show that lipid peroxidation of liposomal membranes was suppressed in the presence of Caroverine, a spasmolytic drug used in some countries. In order to understand the mechanism of this antioxidant action of Caroverine we studied the interaction of Caroverine with superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite. The results of the study show that the reaction of Caroverine with O radicals is of marginal significance. However, it is efficient in removing peroxynitrite and a particular high reaction constant was found for reaction with hydroxyl radicals. The strong antioxidant activity of Caroverine is therefore based both on the partial prevention of the formation and the highly active scavenging of hydroxyl radicals.
The accumulation of α‐Tocopherol and Retinol in the milk of water buffalo is correlated with the plasma levels of triiodothyronine
Authors: Spagnuolo M. S. , Cigliano L. , Sarubbi F. , Polimeno F. , Ferrara L. , Bertoni G. , Abrescia P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMilk is the most important source of Retinol and α‐Tocopherol for calves. These antioxidants save the food quality and prevent lipid oxidation in the mammary gland and the calf growing tissues. In Bubalus bubalis, seasonal changes for the plasma levels of both antioxidants were not found. The levels of Retinol and α‐Tocopherol in the milk were 2 and 1.7 times higher in winter than in summer, respectively. These levels were correlated with the plasma level of triiodothyronine, and markedly increased in cows injected with triiodothyronine in summer. The cytosol from alveolar epithelial cells of mammary glands was incubated with α‐Tocopherol and 3H‐Retinol and, after gel filtration chromatography, both antioxidants were found associated with proteins migrating as a single peak of 33 kD. The amount of α‐Tocopherol and Retinol binding proteins was 1.5 and 2.3 times higher in winter than in summer respectively. The Retinol binding proteins migrated as two bands (33 and 16 kD) by electrophoresis in denaturing and reducing conditions. Our data suggest that triiodothyronine enhances the transport of both liposoluble antioxidants through the blood‐mammary barrier, and demonstrate that proteins of the mammary epithelial cells are involved in such a transport.