bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distributed dual ascent algorithm for Steiner problems in multicast routing
Authors: Drummond Lúcia M. A. , Santos Marcelo , Uchoa Eduardo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMulticast routing problems are often modeled as Steiner Problems in undirected or directed graphs, the latter case being particularly suitable to cases where most of the traffic has a single source. Sequential Steiner heuristics are not convenient in that context, because one cannot assume that a central node has complete information about the topology and the state of a large wide area network. This article introduces a distributed version of a Dual Ascent primal‐dual heuristic, known for its remarkably good practical results, lower and upper bounds, in both undirected and directed Steiner problems. Complexity analysis and experimental results are also presented, showing the efficiency of the proposed algorithm when compared with the best distributed algorithms in the literature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
A novel approach to phylogenetic trees:d‐Dimensional geometric Steiner trees
Authors: Brazil M. , Thomas D.A. , Nielsen B.K. , Winter P. , Wulff‐Nilsen C. , Zachariasen M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe suggest a novel distance‐based method for the determination of phylogenetic trees. It is based on multidimensional scaling and Euclidean Steiner trees in high‐dimensional spaces. Preliminary computational experience shows that the use of Euclidean Steiner trees for finding phylogenetic trees is a viable approach. Experiments also indicate that the new method is comparable with results produced by neighbor joining (Saitou and Nei, Mol Biol Evol 4 (1987), 406–425). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
The minimum evolution problem: Overview and classification
Authors: Catanzaro Daniele 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMolecular phylogenetics studies the hierarchical evolutionary relationships among organisms by means of molecular data. These relationships are typically described by means of weighted trees, or phylogenies, whose leaves represent the observed organisms, internal vertices the intermediate ancestors, and edges the evolutionary relationships between pairs of organisms. Molecular phylogenetics provides several criteria for selecting one phylogeny from among plausible alternatives. Usually, such criteria can be expressed in terms of objective functions, and the phylogenies that optimize them are referred to as optimal. One of the most important criteria is the minimum evolution (ME) criterion, which states that the optimal phylogeny for a given set of organisms is the one whose sum of edge weights is minimal. Finding the phylogeny that satisfies the ME criterion involves solving an optimization problem, called the minimum evolution problem (MEP), which is notoriously${\cal N P}$‐Hard. This article offers an overview of the MEP and discusses the different versions of it that occur in the literature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Semibatch emulsion copolymerization in the presence of n‐methylol acrylamide: effects of emulsifier type and concentration
Authors: Kahraman Ayça , Sarac Ayfer 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo types of emulsifier were studied to compare the colloidal and physicochemical properties of vinyl acetate (VAc)/(BuA) emulsions. Emulsions were prepared by varying the composition and the concentration of the anionic and nonionic emulsifiers. An increase in the total emulsifier concentration of anionic and nonionic emulsifier percentage leads to dispersions with smaller particles and higher viscosities. Using anionic and nonionic emulsifiers in copolymer latexes, it was observed that the viscosity goes through a maximum which is located at total emulsifier concentration of about 3.6 wt% The surface tension of the copolymers shows a drastic increase at a concentration above 3.5% for mixed emulsifier systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the cell structure and compressive behavior of biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) foam
Authors: Liu Hao , Han Changyu , Dong Lisong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBiodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) foams with a series of controlled structures were prepared by using chemical foaming method. The cell morphology was detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The compressive behavior of the foams was investigated by uniaxial compression test. The effect of density and structural parameters on the foam compressive behavior was analyzed. It was found that the relative compressive modulus has a power law relationship with relative density. Increasing of both the cell wall thickness and the cell density lead to higher compressive modulus of the foam; however, the cell size has no distinct effect on compressive behavior. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
The morphology and mechanical properties of sodium alginate based electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers
Authors: Moon SungCheal , Ryu Beom‐Young , Choi JaeKon , Jo ByungWook , Farris Richard J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe electrospinning of sodium alginate, a natural biopolymer, was performed from aqueous solutions by blending with PEO, a biodegradable polymer. The conductivity and surface tension of solutions of sodium alginate and PEO were investigated by standard methods. The morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. Uniform, smooth, and ultra‐fine nanofibers with diameters of ∼140–190 nm were obtained with solution concentrations of 6–7.2% and sodium alginate/PEO volume ratios of 30:70–50:50. The mechanical strength of the electrospun sodium alginate/PEO mats with good morphology was 21 MPa compared to PEO mats which had a strength of only 10 MPa. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Chemorheological characterization of thermosetting polyurethane formulations containing different chain extender contents
Authors: Haddadi Hamed , Nazockdast Ehssan , Ghalei Behnam 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemorheological analyses of thermosetting polyurethane (PU) formulations containing various amounts of chain extender were carried out. In the first part of the present research, effect of chain extender content on the gel time and its dependency with temperature were investigated for PU formulations. Gelation temperature (Tgel) and gel time (tgel) of reactive systems were determined using temperature sweep and time test measurements under dynamic linear viscoelastic deformations. The results of temperature sweep experiments for the samples containing various chain extender weight percents showed that the gelation temperature declined by increasing the chain extender content of PU formulations. The analysis made on gel times determined in a wide temperature range indicated that the activation energy for the gelation process declined and 1/tgel, as a measure of the rate of gelation process, dramatically increased with increasing chain extender concentration. In the second part of this study, calculation of viscoelastic characteristics at the gel point was performed. The results showed that the relaxation exponent (n) declined with increasing chain extender, while the fractal dimension increased. These results confirmed that the gel structures became more elastic and with a tighter structure by increasing the chain extender concentration in PU formulations. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Proteomic analysis of the neuroprotective mechanisms of acupuncture treatment in a Parkinson's disease mouse model
Authors: Jeon Songhee , Kim Youn Jung , Kim Seung‐Tae , Moon Woongjoon , Chae Younbyoung , Kang Minjeong , Chung Mi‐Young , Lee Hyangsook , Hong Mi‐Sook , Chung Joo‐Ho , Joh Tong H. , Lee Hyejung , Park Hi‐Joon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAcupuncture is frequently used as an alternative therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), and it attenuates dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) in PD animal models. Using proteomic analysis, we investigated whether acupuncture alters protein expression in the SN to favor attenuation of neuronal degeneration. In C57BL/6 mice treated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days, 2 or 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the effective and specific acupoint, GB34, once a day for 12 consecutive days from the first MPTP treatment. Both treatments in MPTP mice led to restoration of behavioral impairment and rescued tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive DA neurodegeneration. Using peptide fingerprinting MS, we identified changes in 22 proteins in the SN following MPTP treatment, and nine of these proteins were normalized by EA. They were involved in cell death regulation, inflammation, or restoration from damage. The levels of cyclophilin A (CypA), which is a neuroprotective agent, were unchanged by MPTP treatment but were increased in MPTP‐EA mice. These results suggest that acupoint GB34‐specific EA changes protein expression profiles in the SN in favor of DA neuronal survival in MPTP‐treated mice, and that EA treatment may be an effective therapy for PD patients.
Proteomic analysis of membrane rafts of melanoma cells identifies protein patterns characteristic of the tumor progression stage
Authors: Baruthio Frédérique , Quadroni Manfredo , Rüegg Curzio , Mariotti Agnese 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms controlling the progression of melanoma from a localized tumor to an invasive and metastatic disease are poorly understood. In the attempt to start defining a functional protein profile of melanoma progression, we have analyzed by LC‐MS/MS the proteins associated with detergent resistant membranes (DRMs), which are enriched in cholesterol/sphingolipids‐containing membrane rafts, of melanoma cell lines derived from tumors at different stages of progression. Since membrane rafts are involved in several biological processes, including signal transduction and protein trafficking, we hypothesized that the association of proteins with rafts can be regulated during melanoma development and affect protein function and disease progression. We have identified a total of 177 proteins in the DRMs of the cell lines examined. Among these, we have found groups of proteins preferentially associated with DRMs of either less malignant radial growth phase/vertical growth phase (VGP) cells, or aggressive VGP and metastatic cells suggesting that melanoma cells with different degrees of malignancy have different DRM profiles. Moreover, some proteins were found in DRMs of only some cell lines despite being expressed at similar levels in all the cell lines examined, suggesting the existence of mechanisms controlling their association with DRMs. We expect that understanding the mechanisms regulating DRM targeting and the activity of the proteins differentially associated with DRMs in relation to cell malignancy will help identify new molecular determinants of melanoma progression.
The Queensland cancer risk study: general population norms for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT‐G)
Authors: Janda Monika , DiSipio Tracey , Hurst Cameron , Cella David , Newman Beth 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective: To derive Australian normative scores for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General Population (FACT‐GP) and to confirm its factor structure.Methods: Quality of life (QoL) data (as measured by the FACT‐GP) were collected within the Queensland Cancer Risk Study (QCRS) in 2004. The QCRS explored cancer screening and cancer risk behaviours among 9419 English‐speaking residents of Queensland aged 20–75 years. Information was collected through computer‐assisted telephone interviews and augmented by mailed, Self‐Administered Questionnaires (SAQ). A total of 2727 participants largely comparable to the general population of Queensland self‐completed the FACT‐GP; however, participants were somewhat higher educated, more likely to have had cancer and less likely to be of indigenous heritage.Results: The Queensland population reported a FACT‐GP summary score of 85.9 (SD=15.1), with subscale scores (range: 19.2 for social well‐being to 25.1 for physical well‐being (PWB)). In this study, men and women within different age groups reported similar QoL. QoL was clinically and significantly lower among participants not married, with a body mass index (BMI) deviating from normal weight and with one or more self‐reported morbidities. A four‐factor solution was confirmed with good goodness‐of‐fit indices (RSMEA<0.05 for all three age groups).Conclusions: The reference values from the general population reported here can be used for comparison with the QoL measured in populations of cancer patients, providing a benchmark against which clinicians can evaluate the impact of the disease and/or the treatments on QoL. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burnout in nurses and physicians working at an oncology department
Authors: Alacacioglu Ahmet , Yavuzsen Tugba , Dirioz Meliha , Oztop Ilhan , Yilmaz Ugur 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose: Burnout is associated with decreased job performance and commitment, predicts stress‐related health problems, and low career satisfaction. The specific objectives in our study were to assess the levels of burnout and to investigate the interrelationships between demographic characteristics and burnout health‐care professionals working with cancer patients in Turkey.Methods: A questionnaire‐based study was conducted in 77 physicians and 56 nurses working in an oncology clinic at the university hospital. We used quantitative survey to assess burnout levels in participants as well as sociodemographic variables. Data were collected using a Turkish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Results: Nurses had significantly higher scores of emotional exhaustion (EE) when compared with the physicians, but no significant difference was found between two groups regarding other burnout components. Significant correlations were found in three different components of the MBI, as well as between each component, age and work experience in nurses and physicians. There were statistical significant differences for each of MBI subscales according to age groups in physicians. EE and depersonalization (D) were significantly higher in the ⩽29 years of age group than in the older age groups, while personal accomplishment (PA) score was significantly lower in this age group. EE, D, PA were significantly higher in single physicians compared with married physicians.Conclusions: Low level of PA was relatively high among Turkish physicians and nurses working in oncology department compared with previous studies. Younger and single physicians had higher burnout levels compared with older and married ones. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Patient willingness to undergo chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hirose Takashi , Yamaoka Toshimitsu , Ohnishi Tsukasa , Sugiyama Tomohide , Kusumoto Sojiro , Shirai Takao , Okuda Kentaro , Ohmori Tohru , Adachi Mitsuru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectives: To determine how Japanese patients with lung cancer weigh the chance of cure and potential survival against the potential toxicity of different treatment strategies for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: We used a questionnaire describing a hypothetical situation involving locally advanced NSCLC. Seventy‐three patients with lung cancer who had received chemotherapy and a control group of 120 patients without cancer were asked to state the minimal benefit that would make two hypothetical treatments acceptable.Results: Patients with lung cancer were significantly more likely than were patients without cancer to accept either intensive or less‐intensive chemoradiotherapy for a potentially small benefit for ‘chance of cure’ and ‘response but not cure’. The percentages of patients who would accept intensive or less‐intensive chemoradiotherapy to prolong survival did not differ significantly between the two groups. When the chance of cure was 20%, 56 and 64% of patients with lung cancer were willing to receive intensive and less‐intensive chemoradiotherapy, respectively. If their lives were prolonged by 6 months, 20 and 30% of patients with lung cancer would choose to receive intensive and less‐intensive chemoradiotherapy, respectively. The chance of cure and the survival advantage that patients require for accepting chemoradiotherapy varied widely. No factors were associated with the choice of chemoradiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.Conclusions: Physicians must consider the substantial range of attitudes to chemoradiotherapy among patients when selecting treatment and give patients opportunities to be included in the treatment‐selection process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas Classification of Particles Using a Packed Bed
Authors: Yang Wei , Ding Yulong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGas classification of particles using a packed bed is, for the first time, proposed and tested for two materials, i.e., glass ballotini and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). A 2 m long column with 9.5 mm diameter is packed with 2 mm spherical particles. The particles to be classified are injected into the inlet of the packed bed by a carrier gas. Measurements of the breakthrough curves of the particles are carried out at the outlet of the packed bed. The results show that the particle elution order is particle size dependent with large particles elutriated faster than small ones. Taking the particle size into account, the retention time of irregular MCC particles is much longer than that of spherical glass beads and the difference is attributed to the particle shape and cohesiveness. Based on the findings, binary mixtures of both, glass and MCC beads are injected into the packed bed for the classification experiments. The results show different dependence on the superficial gas velocity of the particle classification efficiency. The particle classification efficiency of glass particles increases with decreasing superficial gas velocity, whereas that of MCC particles increases with increasing superficial gas velocity.
A unified sample preparation protocol for proteomic and genomic profiling of cervical swabs to identify biomarkers for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Rader Janet S. , Malone James P. , Gross Julia , Gilmore Petra , Brooks Rebecca A. , Nguyen Loan , Crimmins Dan L. , Feng Sheng , Wright Jason D. , Taylor Nicholas , Zighelboim Israel , Funk Margo C. , Huettner Phyllis C. , Ladenson Jack H. , Gius David , Townsend R. Reid 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCervical cancer screening is ideally suited for the development of biomarkers due to the ease of tissue acquisition and the well‐established histological transitions. Furthermore, cell and biologic fluid obtained from cervix samples undergo specific molecular changes that can be profiled. However, the ideal manner and techniques for preparing cervical samples remains to be determined. To address this critical issue a patient screening protein and nucleic acid collection protocol was established. RNAlater was used to collect the samples followed by proteomic methods to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in normal cervical epithelial versus cervical cancer cells. Three hundred ninety spots were identified via 2‐D DIGE that were expressed at either higher or lower levels (>three‐fold) in cervical cancer samples. These proteomic results were compared to genes in a cDNA microarray analysis of microdissected neoplastic cervical specimens to identify overlapping patterns of expression. The most frequent pathways represented by the combined dataset were: cell cycle: G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation; aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling; p53 signaling; cell cycle: G1/S checkpoint regulation; and the ER stress pathway. HNRPA2B1 was identified as a biomarker candidate with increased expression in cancer compared to normal cervix and validated by Western blot.
Hot‐Wire Ignition of AN‐Based Emulsions
Authors: Turcotte Richard , Goldthorp Sandra , Badeen Christopher M. , Chan Sek Kwan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEmulsions based on ammonium nitrate (AN) and water locally ignited by a heat source do not undergo sustained combustion when the pressure is lower than some threshold value usually called the Minimum Burning Pressure (MBP). This concept is now being used by some manufacturers as a basis of safety. However, before a technique to reliably measure MBP values can be designed, one must have a better understanding of the ignition mechanism. Clearly, this is required to avoid under ignitions which could lead to the erroneous interpretation of failures to ignite as failures to propagate. In the present work, facilities to prepare and characterize emulsions were implemented at the Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory. A calibrated hot‐wire ignition system operated in a high‐pressure vessel was also built. The system was used to study the ignition characteristics of five emulsion formulations as a function of pressure and ignition source current. It was found that these mixtures exhibit complicated pre‐ignition stages and that the appearance of endotherms when the pressure is lowered below some threshold value correlates with the MBP. Thermal conductivity measurements using this hot‐wire system are also reported.
TEM study of the structural similarity between NaCl and rhombohedral phase of Te‐based ternary chalcogenide materials
Authors: Sun Changwoo , Lee Jeongyong , Kim Yongtae 
Published: October 2008

AbstractComparing the phase‐change behaviour of Ge–Bi–Te (GBT) to that of Ge–Sb–Te (GST), we have tried to verify a general relationship between a metastable NaCl and a stable rhombohedral structure that is easily incurred by stretching the cube along the body diagonal. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the NaCl as well as the rhombohedral GBT and GST structures are observed along specific directions. From the TEM images, we suggest an atomic model and a phase transition mechanism by lattice distortion. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of an ion attachment mass spectrometer for direct detection of intermediates in combustion flames
Authors: Torii Takahiro , Nishimura Takashi , Nakamura Megumi , Shiokawa Yoshiro , Matsumoto Kozo , Kitagawa Kuniyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA system with Li+ ion attachment (IA) ionization has been developed for the direct detection of intermediates formed in burning flames by mass spectrometry. Dimethyl ether (DME) among alternative fuels was selected as a test substance to examine the capability of the system. As a result, intermediates generated in a premixed DME‐air flame were directly detectable as Li+ adduct ions. By moving the burner on an X‐Y stage, spatial distribution profiles of different species, including unburned DME and formaldehyde, were obtained for three types of flames: diffusion, partially premixed, and premixed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.