bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efforts to induce estrus in the bitch, using pituitary gonadotropins
Authors: Shille V. M. , Thatcher M. J. , Simmons K. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Induction of fertile estrus in 14 anestrous bitches was attempted, using pituitary gonadotropins given by intramuscular injection in 3 treatment regimens: as a single dose of 10-mg follicle stimulating hormone (fsh; 5 bitches), as multiple doses of fsh (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg) given to 4 bitches on days 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8, and 9 and 10, and as multiple doses of combined fsh and luteinizing hormone (lh; 1:1, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:2.5, 16:5 mg) given to 5 bitches on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, respectively. Four bitches were injected with equivalent volume of isotonic NaCl solution (saline).
Treatments were evaluated by observation of sexual behavior in presence of a male, microscopic changes in exfoliated vaginal epithelium, plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone, and qualitative and quantitative, gross and microscopic changes in the ovaries and uterus. Four of the 14 treated bitches came into estrus and mated (one became pregnant), two after single, and two after multiple doses of fsh. In each of the four, vaginal cornification, plasma estradiol and progesterone patterns, and ovarian and uterine changes were comparable with those seen in the one saline-treated bitch with a spontaneous estrous cycle and pregnancy. Three treated bitches manifested proestrous behavior (2 after a single injection and 1 after multiple injections of fsh) but had no measurable response in the vaginal epithelium, endocrine patterns, or appearance of ovaries and uterus. Seven gonadotropin-treated bitches and 3 saline-treated bitches did not respond in any way.
These findings were compatible with findings reported by other investigators. We concluded that there is no reliable, commercially available treatment for induction of fertile estrus in the bitch.
Evaluation of fenbendazole as an extended anthelmintic treatment regimen for swine
Authors: Corwin R. M. , Pratt S. E. , Muser R. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fenbendazole was given in the feed to swine at a cumulative dosage of 9 mg/kg of body weight over a period of 3, 6, and 12 days to compare efficacy. Four treatment groups of ten 2- to 3-month-old pigs each, with a mean of 15 kg of body weight per group, received 3 mg of fenbendazole/kg/day for 3 days, 1.5 mg/kg/day for 6 days, 0.75 mg/kg/day for 12 days, and no medication. Medicated feed was scheduled so that all treated pigs reached the last day of treatment on the same day, thus making the time between the last treatment and necropsy equal for all groups. Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis were the target species, their presence before treatment being determined by fecal egg counts and at necropsy by worm counts. At necropsy, 9 control pigs were infected with A suum (mean of 18.0 worms/pig), and all control pigs had T suis infection (mean of 36.5 worms/pig). All 3 treatment schedules were 100% effective in removal of A suum; and for T suis, the 3-day regimen was 100% effective, the 6-day regimen, 99.2%, and the 12-day regimen, 91.0%.
Retrospective analysis of 29 fractures of the olecranon process of the equine ulna
Authors: Donecker J. M. , Bramlage L. R. , Gabel A. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-nine fractures of the olecranon process of the ulna in horses treated at The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine from 1973 through 1983 were evaluated. The objectives of the study were to determine the prognosis for various configurations of fractures of the olecranon process of the ulna, to determine what preoperative factors influenced the prognosis, and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment methods used. The fractures were placed in one of 4 categories on the basis of severity of the injury: type-1 fractures involved the physeal plate; type-2 fractures involved the olecranon at the level of the anconeal notch (narrowest cross-sectional area of the ulna); type-3 fractures involved the proximal portion of the olecranon without involving the elbow joint; and type-4 fractures were severely comminuted fractures.
Three modes of treatment used were: (1) open reduction and internal fixation, using a tension band plate, (2) elbow to ground splinting, with stall rest, and (3) stall rest alone. Internal fixation with a tension band plate was 68% successful. Of those horses in which repair was considered successful, 84% returned to excellent function. Elbow to ground splinting with stall rest was used successfully for nonarticular and nondisplaced fractures in 2 horses. Stall rest alone resulted in 28% “pasture sound” horses, with none of the 7 horses so treated returning to athletic performance.
On the basis of this study, the following conclusions were derived. (1) Nonarticular/nondisplaced fractures are candidates for nonsurgical treatment, using full-limb splinting, stall rest, and periodic reevaluation. (2) Displaced fractures and articular fractures should be treated by open reduction and internal fixation, using a tension band plate. (3) Stall rest alone is not recommended because it results in low percentage and low quality recoveries.
Canine urinary tract infections: A comparison of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results and response to oral therapy with ampicillin or with trimethoprim-sulfa
Authors: Ling Gerald V. , Rohrich Pamela J. , Ruby Annette L. , Johnson Deedra L. , Jang Spencer S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of ampicillin therapy in all 56 urinary tract infections (uti) caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and S intermedius), in all 26 uti caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 38 of 44 uti caused by Escherichia coli, in 29 of 31 uti caused by Streptococcus spp, in 8 of 10 uti caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and in 16 of 20 uti caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 173 of 187 (92.5%) isolates responded to ampicillin therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results.
In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfa in 119 of 138 uti caused by Escherichia coli, in 33 of 45 uti caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, in 38 of 43 uti caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 21 of 25 uti caused by Streptococcus spp, in 9 of 11 uti caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci, and in 19 of 21 uti caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 239 of 283 (84%) isolates responded to trimethoprim-sulfa therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results.
Stray voltage on Michigan dairy farms
Authors: Kirk John H. , Reese Norman D. , Bartlett Paul C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Stray voltage investigations were performed on 59 Michigan dairy farms at the request of dairymen, veterinarians, and county extension agents. On 32 farms, sources of stray voltage were detected. When the voltage exceeded 1 volt alternating current, there were increased numbers of dairy cows that had abnormal behavior in the milking facility and increased prevalence of clinical mastitis. Recovery from the stray voltage-induced abnormalities was related to the type of abnormality and the magnitude of the exposure voltage.
Techniques and applications of transabdominal ultrasonography in the pregnant mare
Authors: Pipers F. S. , Adams-Brendemuehl C. S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
To establish the feasibility of utilizing high-frequency ultrasound to image equine fetal development transabdominallY, in vitro and in vivo observations were made. Three fetuses retrieved from mares that died from various causes were scanned in vitro to establish fetal images from various orientations. A total of 50 mares ranging in age from 4 to 16 years and representing various breeds were scanned intermittently from 100 days of gestation to parturition. Fetal parts, amniotic fluid, placental membranes, and motion patterns could be reliably identified. Fetal heart rates decreased from 180 beats/min at 100 days’ gestation to 60 to 80 beats/min from 2 weeks before parturition to term. Detection of fetal orientation, viability, and twin recognition represented practical applications of the technique.
Thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma in dogs sustaining fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents
Authors: A. Spackman Claire J. , Caywood Dennis D. , Feeney Daniel A. , Johnston Gary R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The records of 267 dogs seen at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital for fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents were examined to determine the prevalence and types of thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma associated with such cases. Results were analyzed for type and prevalence of thoracic wall and pulmonary injury, and for the prevalence of such injury in dogs with and without extrathoracic injury, in dogs with fractures of single vs multiple bones, in dogs with single fractures of specific bones, in dogs with fractures in the cranial vs the caudal one half of the body, and in dogs with fractures ipsilateral vs contralateral to thoracic injury.
The overall prevalence of thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma was 38.9%; pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, and fractured ribs were the most common injuries. More than 1 type of thoracic wall or pulmonary injury was diagnosed in 57.7% of the cases. Of the dogs with thoracic injury, 24% also had extrathoracic injuries; 16.5% of dogs without thoracic injury had extrathoracic injuries, not including fractures. Of the dogs with fractures of 1 bone, 36.3% had thoracic injuries. Of the dogs with fractures of more than 1 bone, 42.3% had thoracic injuries. The prevalence of thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma was significantly associated with the site of the fracture (cranial vs caudal and ipsilateral vs contralateral); significant association with the specific bone fractured was also seen for some fractures.
Suspected parvovirus infection in porcupines
Authors: Frelier P. F. , Leininger R. W. , Armstrong L. D. , Nation P. N. , Povey R. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
During a 142-day period, 6 porcupines died or were killed after becoming moribund. Three had severe acute necrotizing enteritis; two had acute necrotizing myocarditis, one with concurrent lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis; and one had chronic enteritis. Histologically, the acute necrotizing enteritis was characterized by villous fusion, blunting, and crypt dilatation. Many dilated crypts contained necrotic debris and were lined by flattened enterocytes. Acidophilic intranuclear inclusions were in colonic epithelial cells in one of these animals. The myocardial lesions consisted of degenerating shrunken myofibers, with infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes. Myofiber mineralization was evident in one animal.
Though the histologic findings were indicative of parvovirus infection, electron microscopic, serologic, and virologic studies failed to demonstrate parvovirus as the etiologic agent.
Efficacy of ipronidazole against trichomoniasis in beef bulls
Authors: Skirrow Sue , BonDurant Robert , Farley James , Correa James 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Preputial smegma samples from 195 beef bulls were collected repeatedly and cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus. Seventy-five (38.5%) of these bulls were positive for trichomonads on at least 1 culture. Sensitivity of the culture procedure (number of positive cultures/number of total cultures from known-positive bulls) was 81.6%. Storage of preputial smegma in lactated Ringer's solution at 5 C for 24 hours resulted in a 14% loss of sensitivity. Seventy-three of the 75 infected bulls were available for treatment and were alloted randomly to 2 groups. Bulls in both groups were treated with procaine penicillin (7,000 IU/kg, im) for 2 days before ipronidazole treatment. Thirty grams of ipronidazole powder was dissolved in 60 ml of sterile water, and was given im to group 1 bulls. Group 2 bulls were given a similar 30-g ipronidazole solution im on day 1, and were given 15 g of ipronidazole dissolved in 30 ml of sterile water on days 2 and 3. Efficacy of treatment (ie, negative cultures of preputial smegma for trichomonads for 6 consecutive weeks after treatment) was 92.8% for the 42 bulls treated once and 100% for the 31 bulls treated 3 times.
Review of idiopathic feline vestibular syndrome in 75 cats
Authors: Burke Elizabeth E. , Moise N. Sydney , de Lahunta Alexander , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Idiopathic feline vestibular syndrome, a peripheral vestibular deficit of unknown cause, was diagnosed in 75 cats at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital from July 1975 to October 1984. Review of the medical records of these cats indicated that the syndrome was seen in more cats in July and August (P<0.001) than in other months. Clinical signs included head tilt, ataxia, rolling, rotatory or horizontal nystagmus, and occasional vomiting.
Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: A study of reptilian and amphibian populations from 1973 through 1983
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Taylor R. Flint , Sikarskie James G. , Meyer Teresa J. , Richter Nadine A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective study was conducted to determine disease patterns in reptilian and amphibian populations at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. In the reptilian population (mean ± sd = 285.2 ± 28), overall annual mortality rates were 1% to 40%. Mortality rates were highest in the fall months (20%) and lowest in the winter months (6%). The most frequently affected reptiles were iguana (Iguana iguana), reticulated python (Python reticulatus), rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp), common boa (Constrictor constrictor), and lizards (various genera of suborder Lacertilia).
Of the 1,300 reptilian deaths from 1973 through 1983, 36.6% were caused by microbial agents, 12% by parasites, 11.6% by trauma, and 9.3% by nutritional deficiencies. The main microbial organisms that caused death were Aeromonas spp, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, and Edwardsiella spp. The main parasites that caused death were Entamoeba spp and lungworms.
Among amphibians, frogs and toads were the most frequently affected, and starvation and trauma were the most frequent causes of death.
Hepatic enzyme changes in bovine hepatogenous photosensitivity caused by water-damaged alfalfa hay
Authors: Putnam Marshall R. , Qualls Charles W. , Rice Lawrence E. , Dawson Lionel J. , Edwards William C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In the winter of 1983, practitioners reported extensive photosensitization in 7 herds of cattle. All herds had a history of having been fed water-damaged alfalfa hay. A cow from one herd was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital at Oklahoma State University. In this herd of approximately 40 adult Polled Herefords, all cattle had had some degree of clinical involvement over the past 4 to 6 weeks. Clinical signs included scaling and erythema of sparsely haired skin, muzzle, and teats, as well as icterus, anorexia, and weight loss. One cow died, and the remaining cattle recovered over an 8- to 10-week period after removal of the hay from the ration. In the referred cow, values for total and conjugated bilirubin, bun, creatinine, sorbitol dehydrogenase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum aspartate transaminase, and serum γ-glutamyl transferase were higher than normal. In the herd of origin, extremely high serum γ-glutamyl transferase values (180 to 1,400 IU/L) persisted (normal, 2 to 35 IU/L). Feeding the same alfalfa hay to 2 clinically normal cows reproduced the syndrome. The characteristic hepatic lesion was bile duct necrosis, with secondary bile duct hyperplasia.
Blood selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in dairy herds with high and low somatic cell counts
Authors: Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J. , Hutchinson L. J. , Scholz R. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Two groups of dairy herds (16 herds/group) were studied to determine the relationship between the prevalence of mastitis in a herd and mean herd blood concentrations of vitamins A and E, β-carotene, and selenium (Se). One group had a Dairy Herd Improvement Association 12-month mean herd somatic cell count (scc) of ≤ 150,000 cells/ml. The second group had a Dairy Herd Improvement Association 12-month mean herd scc of ≥700,000 cells/ml.
Once for each herd, duplicate milk samples were collected from each quarter of the lactating cows, and blood samples were collected from 21 cows in various stages of lactation. Serum concentrations of vitamin A, β-carotene, and vitamin E and whole blood concentrations of Se and Se-dependent glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined.
Significant differences between the 2 groups were not found with respect to serum concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, or β-carotene. However, the herds with the low scc (≤150,000 cells/ml) had significantly higher mean ( ± sem) blood GSH-Px activity (35.6 ± 2.95 mU/mg of hemoglobin) than did the herds with the high SCC (20.2 ± 2.38 mU/mg of Hb). Whole blood concentrations of Se also were significantly higher in the herds with low SCC (0.133 ± 0.010 μg/ml of blood) than in the herds with high SCC (0.074 ± 0.007 μg/ml of blood). Significant negative correlations were found between the prevalence of intramammary infection with major pathogens and mean herd activity of GSH-Px (r = −0.62) and mean herd concentrations of Se (r= −0.66).
Use of pentobarbital sodium to reduce seizures in dogs after cervical myelography with metrizamide
Authors: Gray P. R. , Indrieri R. J. , Lowrie C. T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We conducted a prospective study to examine the effect of pentobarbital administration on the development of seizures in dogs that had undergone cervical myelography with metrizamide while anesthetized with halothane. Thirty dogs scheduled for cervical myelography were assigned to 3 groups. Dogs in group 1 received no pentobarbital. Those in group 2 were administered pentobarbital (5 mg/kg, im) before induction of anesthesia, and those in group 3 received pentobarbital at the end of the procedure when the anesthetic vaporizer was turned off. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal sodium in all dogs and was maintained with halothane. Dogs that underwent surgery immediately after the myelography were not included in the study. A significant difference was not found among the 3 groups in terms of number of dogs that had seizures, mean body weight of the dogs, duration of anesthesia after injection of metrizamide, time from extubation to first seizure, volume of metrizamide injected, or clinician performing the myelography.
Factors that influence litter size in swine: Parity 3 through 7 females
Authors: Clark L. Kirk , Leman Allen D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The influence of 7 factors on litter size for the combined parities 3 through 7 (age at conception of the first litter, parity-1 litter size, duration of lactation in the preceding parity, weaning-to-conception interval in the preceding parity, farrowing-to-conception interval in the preceding parity, number of matings per conception, and month of conception) was investigated in 11,929 litters from 5 commercial herds. Age at conception of the first litter did not influence litter size in these parities in any herd. In the 4 herds that kept such data, duration of lactation negatively influenced the weaning-to-conception interval, and duration of lactation and weaning-to-conception interval positively influenced the litter size in the next parity. Because the effects of duration of lactation and weaning-to-conception interval could not be investigated separately, their effects on litter size were simultaneously investigated, using the farrowing-to-conception interval for these combined parities. In all herds except one, the increase in live litter size was between 0.02 and 0.09 pig for each day increase in the preceding farrowing-to-conception interval <36 days (P<0.05). Duration of lactation within this farrowing-to-conception interval similarly influenced litter size. Litter size in litters of any herd was not affected by a preceding farrowing-to-conception interval >35 days. In all herds except one, mean litter size of females with a farrowing-to-conception interval >35 days was 0.26 to 0.96 pig greater (P<0.1) than for females with a farrowing-to-conception interval <36 days. In 1 of 3 herds that kept such data, 2 matings per conception resulted in a larger mean live litter size than 1 or 3 matings P < 0.05). When these females were grouped on the basis of their conception during one of the 3-month seasonal periods, no influence of season on litter size was found. The effect of parity-1 litter size on litter size of subsequent parities 3 through 7 was significant The regression coefficient ranged from 0.11 to 0.22 P < 0.01) in the farrowing-to-conception interval <36 days in all herds. In females with a farrowing-to-conception interval >35 days, this association was significant only in one herd.
When multiple regression analysis was used, parity-1 litter size and preceding farrowing-to-conception interval had a positive effect on litter size for these parities. Age at conception of the first litter, number of matings per conception, and season of conception did not significantly affect litter size for parities 3 through 7. These associations were dependent on farrowing-to-conception interval and varied from herd to herd. There was no evidence of interaction of the variables that influence litter size for these parities. The variation in litter size, explained by a model using the main effects of all these variables, was small (the maximum R2 in any herd was <0.054), but significant (P<0.05) in each herd.
Correction of metabolic acidosis in diarrheal calves by oral administration of electrolyte solutions with or without bicarbonate
Authors: Booth Amanda J. , Naylor Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Acid-base balance was evaluated in calves with experimentally induced viral diarrhea. When blood pH decreased to <7.200, calves were assigned to treatment groups and fed milk replacer, electrolyte solution without bicarbonate, or electrolyte solution containing bicarbonate.
Calves in the electrolyte treatment groups had lower mortality (P<0.05), were better hydrated (P<0.05), and were less acidotic (P<0.05) than calves fed milk replacer.
Bicarbonate-containing electrolyte solution restored acid-base balance (P<0.05) and corrected depression better (P<0.05) than electrolyte solution that did not contain bicarbonate. Both electrolyte solutions were equally good at correcting dehydration.
Antibody response after a two-year intradermal booster of rabies human diploid cell vaccine
Authors: Horman Joseph T. , Rullán John V. , Myers Robert A. , Bond James O. , Israel Ebenezer , Joseph Joseph M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a low dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine administered intradermally for preexposure booster inoculation. Seventy-six volunteers received a 0.1-ml dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine intradermally, approximately 2 years after their primary series. Though only 25 (32.9%) had a titer <0.5 IU/ml before the booster, all had a postbooster titer of ≥ 4.0 IU/ml 3 weeks later. Five of 73 (6.8%) reported an allergic reaction after the booster.