bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, structural and functional implications of mutations and polymorphisms in human NADPH P450 oxidoreductase
Authors: Flück Christa E. , Nicolo Catherine , Pandey Amit V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCytochrome P450 proteins are involved in metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. In the endoplasmic reticulum a single nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) P450 oxidoreductase (POR) supplies electrons to all microsomal P450s for catalytic activity. POR is a flavoprotein that contains both flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide as cofactors and uses NADPH as the source of electrons. We have recently reported a number of POR mutations in the patients with disordered steroidogenesis. In the first report we had described missense mutations (A287P, R457H, V492E, C569Y, and V608F) identified in four patients with defects in steroid production. Each POR variant was produced as recombinant N‐27 form of the enzyme in bacteria and as full‐length form in yeast. Membranes from bacteria or yeast expressing normal or variant POR were purified and their activities were characterized in cytochrome c and CYP17A1 assays. Later we have published a larger study that described a whole range of POR mutations and characterized the mutants/polymorphisms A115V, T142A, M263V, Y459H, A503V, G539R, L565P, R616X, V631I, and F646del from the sequencing of patient DNA. We also studied POR variants Y181D, P228L, R316W, G413S, and G504R that were available in public databases or published literature. Three‐dimensional structure of rat POR is known and we have used this structure to deduce the structure–function correlation of POR mutations in human. The missense mutations found in patients with disordered steroidogenesis are generally in the co‐factor binding and functionally important domains of POR and the apparent polymorphisms are found in regions with lesser structural importance. A variation in POR can alter the activity of all microsomal P450s, and therefore, can affect the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics even when the P450s involved are otherwise normal. It is important to study the genetic and biochemical basis of POR variants in human population to gain information about possible differences in P450 mediated reactions among the individuals carrying a variant or polymorphic form of POR that could impact their metabolism.
Reexamining the Effects of Family Structure on Children's Access to Care: The Single‐Father Family
Authors: Leininger Lindsey Jeanne , Ziol‐Guest Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2007

Objective. To examine the effects of family structure, focusing on the single‐father family, on children's access to medical care.Data Source. The 1999 and 2002 rounds of the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF) including 62,193 children ages 0–17 years.Study Design. We employ a nationally representative sample of children residing in two‐parent families, single‐mother families, and single‐father families. Multivariate logistic regression is used to examine the relationship between family structure and measures of access to care. We estimate stratified models on children below 200 percent of the federal poverty threshold and those above.Data Collection/Extraction Method. We combine data from the Focal Child and Adult Pair modules of the 1999 and 2002 waves of the NSAF.Principal Findings. Children who reside in single‐father families exhibit poorer access to health care than children in other family structures. The stratified models suggest that, unlike residing in a single‐mother family, the effects of residence in a single‐father family do not vary by poverty status.Conclusions. Children in single‐father families may be more vulnerable to health shocks than their peers in other family structures.
Levetiracetam, Phenytoin, and Valproate Act Differently on Rat Bone Mass, Structure, and Metabolism
Authors: Nissen‐Meyer Lise Sofie H. , Svalheim Sigrid , Taubøll Erik , Reppe Sjur , Lekva Tove , Solberg Lene B. , Melhus Gunhild , Reinholt Finn P. , Gjerstad Leif , Jemtland Rune 
Published: July 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Long‐term treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with increased risk of fractures. Phenytoin (PHT) and valproate (VPA) have both been suggested to influence bone health, whereas levetiracetam (LEV) is scarcely studied. The present study compares the effect of these AEDs on bone mass, biomechanical strength, and bone turnover in rats. Methods: Female rats received PHT (50mg/kg), VPA (300mg/kg), or LEV (50 and 150mg/kg) for 90 days. Dissected femurs were analyzed using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), three‐point cantilever bending, and histomorphological evaluation. Serum levels of biochemical bone turnover markers were monitored using immunoassay quantification. Results: PHT and VPA reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in one or more bone compartments, whereas LEV did not. VPA induced increased bone turnover, whereas modest changes were observed for PHT. Interestingly, low‐dose LEV was associated with reduced biomechanical strength of the femoral neck (mainly trabecular bone). In addition, low‐dose LEV treatment resulted in significantly reduced levels of serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation. Histomorphological analyses indicated increased retention of cartilage remnants at the growth plate metaphysis of rats treated with low‐dose LEV vs. controls. Conclusions: PHT, VPA, and LEV exert differential effects on bone mass and strength, suggesting different mechanisms of action. The weakening effect of low‐dose LEV on the femoral neck, despite a constant BMD, suggests a primary effect on bone quality. These findings warrant further human studies of possible adverse effects of LEV on bone development and growth, particularly in children and adolescents.
Electrical Stimulation of the Hippocampal Epileptic Foci for Seizure Control: A Double‐Blind, Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Velasco Ana Luisa , Velasco Francisco , Velasco Marcos , Trejo David , Castro Guillermo , Carrillo‐Ruiz José Damián 
Published: July 2007

Summary: Purpose:Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of electrical stimulation of the hippocampus in a long‐term follow‐up study, as well as its impact on memory performance in the treatment of patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods:Nine patients were included. All had refractory partial complex seizures, some with secondary generalizations. All patients had a 3‐month‐baseline‐seizure count, after which they underwent bilateral hippocampal diagnostic electrode implantation to establish focus laterality and location. Three patients had bilateral, and six, unilateral foci. Diagnostic electrodes were explanted and definitive Medtronic electrodes were implanted directed into the hippocampal foci. Position was confirmed with MRI and afterwards, the deep brain stimulation system internalized. Patients signed the informed consent approved by the Hospital's Ethics Committee and began a double‐blind stimulation protocol. Patients attended a medical appointment every 3 months for seizure diary collection, deep brain stimulation system checkup, and neuropsychological testing.Results:Follow‐up ranged from 18 months to 7 years. Patients were divided in two groups: five had normal MRIs and seizure reduction of >95%, while four had hippocampal sclerosis and seizure reduction of 50–70%. No patient had neuropsychological deterioration, nor did any patient show side effects. Three patients were explanted after 2 years due to skin erosion in the trajectory of the system.Conclusions:Electrical stimulation of the hippocampus provides a nonlesional method that improves seizure outcome without memory deterioration in patients with hippocampal epileptic foci.
Rituximab plus cladribine with or without cyclophosphamide in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Robak Tadeusz , Smolewski Piotr , Cebula Barbara , Grzybowska‐Izydorczyk Olga , Błoński Jerzy Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility, effectiveness and toxicity of combined regimens consisting of rituximab and cladribine (2‐CdA) (RC) and RC plus cyclophosphamide (RCC) in the treatment of patients with recurrent or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Methods: The RC regimen consisted of rituximab given on day 1 and 2‐CdA (days 2–6). The RCC protocol included rituximab (day 1), 2‐CdA (days 2–4) and cyclophosphamide given on days 2–4. The courses were re‐administered at time intervals of 4 weeks or longer if severe myelosuppression occurred.Results: Forty‐six patients with CLL entered the study. Eighteen patients were treated with RC and 28 with RCC regimen. The median number of courses administered were three cycles (range 1–6). Three (6.5%) patients (95% CI: 1–14%) achieved a complete response and 31 (67%) patients (95% CI: 50–83%) a partial response. According to the particular regimen, the overall response rate was obtained in 12 (67%) patients treated with RC (95% CI: 45–89%) and in 22 patients (78%) treated with RCC (95% CI: 62–93%). The median progression free survival of responders to RC/RCC regimens was 12 months (range 4–46). Hypersensitivity to rituximab occurred in 16 (33%) patients, mostly during the first infusion of the drug. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in six (13%) patients, grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in three (9%) patients and grade 3/4 infections were observed in ten (28%) patients.Conclusions: These data indicate that both RC and RCC regimens are feasible in heavily pretreated patients with CLL, showing also distinct therapeutic activity and relatively low toxicity, even in patients previously treated with cladribine‐based protocols.
Neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56)‐positive B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Isobe Yasushi , Sugimoto Koichi , Takeuchi Kengo , Ando Jun , Masuda Azuchi , Mori Takeshi , Oshimi Kazuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractExpression of neural cell‐adhesion molecule CD56 is a rare event in B‐cell lymphoma. We described four cases of CD56‐positive B‐cell lymphoma, including follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. These lymphoma cells expressed CD10 and bcl‐6, which suggests germinal center‐stage phenotype. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD56‐positive cells aggregated and displayed a cohesive growth pattern, indicating that homotypic adhesion through the molecules might affect the manner of tumor growth and expansion. Although CD56 expression level varies among the cases, this molecule might play some roles in the manner of growth and expansion of CD56‐positive B‐cell lymphomas.
Predictable Esthetics through Functional Design: The Role of Harmonious Disclusion
Authors: VENCE BRIAN S. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe goal of this clinical report is to describe and illustrate the principles for achieving a predictable esthetic result for patients with worn incisal edges by creating a harmonious angle of disclusion. Patients can create an esthetic problem from altered tooth form and tooth migration, caused by worn incisal edges resulting from parafunctional activity. This presents substantial challenges to the restorative dentist, paramount among them, achieving longevity of porcelain or composite bonded restorations used in an esthetic reconstruction. Although a number of therapies are available to provide esthetic improvement, the predictability in the continuing presence of the parafunction that caused the esthetic problem is in doubt. Altering the incisal edge position for esthetics and achieving a harmonious angle of disclusion, though, is a clinical approach that may substantially reduce this risk.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAn angle of disclusion in harmony with a patient’s envelope of parafunction reduces load on the anterior teeth and therefore may help reduce failure on the restored anterior teeth.
Evaluation of Fluorescence of Dental Composites Using Contrast Ratios to Adjacent Tooth Structure: A Pilot Study
Authors: REIS RODRIGO SANT’ANNA AGUIAR DOS , CASEMIRO LUCIANA ASSIRATI , CARLINO GISELA VÂNIA , LINS EMERY CLEYTON CABRAL CORREIA , KURACHI CRISTINA , BAGNATO VANDERLEI SALVADOR , PIRES‐DE‐SOUZA FERNANDA DE CARVALHO PANZERI , PANZERI HEITOR 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  Fluorescence is an optical signal that is present in natural teeth and some dental restorative materials as a consequence of its molecules energetic decrease. Restorative materials need to match the fluorescence properties of surrounding tooth structure to achieve the best esthetics and appear undetectable.Purpose:  The fluorescence of 10 commercial composites (shade A2 or equivalent) was tested against that of tooth structure using contrast differences.Materials and Methods:  Thirty‐three standard preparations (3.0‐mm wide and 2.00‐mm depth) were done on mean maxillaries incisors and divided into 10 groups containing three test samples each. High‐definition images of the restored areas and adjacent tooth structure were obtained both under white light of the visible spectrum (control) and ultraviolet light (UV‐A=300/ 400 nm). The contrast between composites and tooth structure, expressed in absolute values, was analyzed through digital processing Matlab and Origin softwares and by one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p≤ 0.05; statistical differences between groups*).Results:  Based on mean values, the composites were ranked in four groups, according to least fluorescence contrast with tooth structure: (Esthet‐X [YE]=Esthet‐X [A2]=TPH Spectrum [A2]) < (TPH Spectrum [A2] ≤ Esthet × [A20]=Fill Magic [A2]) < (Charisma [A2]=Filtek Supreme [A2B]) < (Filtek Supreme [A2E] =Z250 [A2]=Z100 [A2]).Conclusion:  There is a considerable variation of fluorescence between the composites and the natural tooth structure.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIdeal restorative materials should have fluorescence similar to that of natural teeth. Therefore, it is important to select a composite that possesses adequate fluorescence.
The Effect of Different Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of Various Resin Composites
Authors: COSTA JULIANA DA , FERRACANE JACK , PARAVINA RADE D. , MAZUR RUI FERNANDO , ROEDER LESLIE 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTPurpose:  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface finish and gloss of five direct resin composites polished with six polishing systems.Materials and Methods:  One hundred and fifty disk‐shaped composite specimens (D=10.0 mm, 2‐mm‐thick, N=30 per material) were made. One side of each specimen was finished with a 16‐fluted carbide finishing bur and then polished. Five specimens of each resin composite were randomly assigned to one of the six polishing systems. The surface roughness and gloss were measured with a surface profilometer and a glossmeter. The results were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey’s t‐test (p≤ 0.05).Results:  There was no significant interaction between the composite and the polishing systems for surface roughness (p=0.059). The order of surface roughness ranked according to composite was: Durafill < Esthet‐X < Supreme < Z250 < Z100; and the ranking for the polishing system was: Pogo < Sof‐Lex < Diacomp/Enamelize < Diacomp < ComposiPro brush < Jiffy. There was interaction of gloss values between the composites and the polishing systems (p < 0.001). The highest gloss value was recorded for Supreme + Pogo; the lowest was recorded for Z100 + Jiffy. Pogo showed the highest gloss values for all composites.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe nanofill (Supreme) and minifill (Esthet‐X) composites presented a surface roughness comparable to a microfill (Durafill), independent of the polishing system used, and a gloss comparable to a microfill, when polished with a one‐step system (Pogo). As compared with the multiple‐step systems, the smoothest surfaces and the highest gloss values were achieved using the one‐step system (Pogo) for all the evaluated composites.
Bakhtinian ‘Journalization’ and the Mid‐Victorian Literary Marketplace
Authors: Liddle Dallas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster on Modern Book History. The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Between Then and Now: Modern Book History’, Kate Longworth, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00474.x.‘Ezra Pound's Cantos: A Compact History of Twentieth‐Century Authorship, Publishing and Editing’, Mark Byron, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00475.x.‘ “The Making of the Book”: Roy Fisher, the Circle Press and the Poetics of Book Art’, Matthew Sperling, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00476.x.‘Bakhtinian “Journalization” and the Mid‐Victorian Literary Marketplace’, Dallas Liddle, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00477.x.‘Manuscript in Print: The Materiality of Alternative Comics’, Emma Tinker, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00478.x.‘Lost in a World of Books: Reading and Identity in Pre‐War Japan’, Susan C. Townsend, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00479.x.***In now‐famous remarks on ‘novelization’, M. M. Bakhtin theorized a mechanism by which one literary genre influences the content and structure of other genres. The popular and critical success of the novel form demonstrates its specific discursive advantages over other genres, which recognize these advantages and often attempt to copy or adapt to them. Though the influence Bakhtin describes goes only one way – the novel ‘novelizes’ other genres – novelization is not an isolated phenomenon, but an example or case study within Bakhtin's larger ‘Galilean’ conception of genre interaction. Parallel cases should therefore exist: in other literary markets and moments in book history we should expect great artistic, popular, or financial success by one genre to lead contemporary writers to adopt elements of the successful genre, or to adjust their practices in response to it. This prediction is particularly important because for Bakhtin genres are more than outward conventions; they are ‘form‐shaping ideologies’ with inherent knowledges and ways of thinking. Adopting or adapting a new genre requires a writer to change not simply forms, but also attitudes, assumptions, and worldview. My paper hypothesizes a Bakhtinian moment of genre influence in Great Britain in and immediately after 1855, triggered by the sudden rise in the perceived power of newspaper press discourse. Factors including the apparent political power wielded by the press during the Crimean War, and the repeal of the newspaper stamp, with its resulting proliferation of apparently successful new journals, combined to raise the perceived cultural, financial, and political status of newspaper discourse in this period dramatically. I consider critically the evidence for a resulting ‘journalization’ of other discourse genres between 1855 and 1860, reflected partly by a sudden proliferation of journalist characters and considerations of journalism in British fiction and poetry of this period.
Aldhelm and the Two Cultures of Anglo‐Saxon Poetry
Authors: Abram Christopher 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOld English literature dominates the study of Anglo‐Saxon culture as a whole, to the extent that ‘Anglo‐Saxon’ and ‘Old English’ were for a long time considered synonymous. The Anglo‐Saxons, however, also produced a large body of texts in Latin. In this survey, I examine the often false dichotomy sometimes made between Old English and Anglo‐Latin literary aesthetics and textual production as they are revealed through Anglo‐Saxon poetry, and discuss the post‐medieval intellectual contexts that produce and sustain this dichotomy. The figure and work of Aldhelm (c.639 ce–709 ce) is used as an example of how Anglo‐Saxon poets often occupied a liminal position between Latinate and Germanic culture. I argue that a proper understanding of Anglo‐Saxon culture (and poetry’s place within it) requires us to disassemble the artificial barriers that have been erected between Old English and Anglo‐Latin verse.
Prostate Cancer Patients and Their Partners: Differences in Satisfaction Indices and Psychological Variables
Authors: Garos Sheila , Kluck Annette , Aronoff David 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer found in American men. Patient adjustment to prostate cancer is not limited to attempts to restore sexual function, a process that can pose significant challenges to couples following most surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Patients often struggle with depression and other relational stressors. Partners also undergo psychosocial, relational, sexual, and quality-of-life changes and their responses to these changes may relate to patient adjustment.

Aim
To evaluate to what extent partners' psychosocial and relational adjustment relates to prostate cancer patient adjustment.

Main Outcome Measures
Partner and patient general and sexual depression; patient relationship satisfaction, quality of sexual communication, sexual satisfaction, and life satisfaction.

Method
A total of 77 patients and 57 partners responded to a mail survey that included demographic information, the Beck Depression Inventory, Life Satisfaction Index, Index of Sexual Satisfaction, Relationship Assessment Scale, Dyadic Sexual Communication Scale, Sexuality Scale, and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire.

Results
Patients and their partners differed in their sexual self-esteem, sexual depression, sexual preoccupation, and life satisfaction. Both had greater levels of depression, poorer quality of sexual communication, and more sexual dissatisfaction than the general population. Partners' level of general depression and depression concerning their sex lives were significant predictors of patients' relationship satisfaction, perceived quality of communication about the sexual relationship, and sexual satisfaction after controlling for patients' general and sexual depression.

Conclusions
Partners often serve as primary caregivers, thus partner adjustment can be critical to the health of the patient and to his primary relationship. Results suggest the importance of including partners' adjustment in assessing patient adjustment post-treatment. We suggest that physicians working with these patients partner with mental health professionals who can help couples address the challenges they encounter and extend the continuity of care when the need for medical intervention has passed.
Long-Acting Intramuscular Testosterone Undecanoate for Treatment of Female-to-Male Transgender Individuals
Authors: Jacobeit Jens W. , Gooren Louis J. , Schulte Heinrich M. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Aim
Testosterone treatment is essential for the induction and maintenance of virilization of female-to-male transsexuals. This study tested the suitability of a novel testosterone preparation for this purpose.

Methods
Parenteral long-acting testosterone undecanoate (TU) was administered to 12 female-to-male transsexuals. Observations were made while subjects received treatment.

Main Outcome Measures
Virilization of female-to-male transsexuals and side effects of testosterone administration.

Results
The testosterone levels were largely identical to those in hypogonadal men receiving testosterone treatment with TU. There were no side effects. There was a small but significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, but plasma high-density lipoprotein did not change significantly. Both levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit rose upon administration but remained within the physiological range.

Conclusions
TU is suited for induction of virilization in female-to-male transsexuals without significant side effects.