bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transformer‐based lightweight method for multiple‐object tracking
Authors: Wan Qin , Ge Zhu , Yang Yang , Shen Xuejun , Zhong Hang , Zhang Hui , Wang Yaonan , Wu Di 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt present, the multi‐object tracking method based on transformer generally uses its powerful self‐attention mechanism and global modelling ability to improve the accuracy of object tracking. However, most existing methods excessively rely on hardware devices, leading to an inconsistency between accuracy and speed in practical applications. Therefore, a lightweight transformer joint position awareness algorithm is proposed to solve the above problems. Firstly, a joint attention module to enhance the ShuffleNet V2 network is proposed. This module comprises the spatio‐temporal pyramid module and the convolutional block attention module. The spatio‐temporal pyramid module fuses multi‐scale features to capture information on different spatial and temporal scales. The convolutional block attention module aggregates channel and spatial dimension information to enhance the representation ability of the model. Then, a position encoding generator module and a dynamic template update strategy are proposed to solve the occlusion. Group convolution is adopted in the input sequence through position encoding generator module, with each convolution group responsible for handling the relative positional relationships of a specific range. In order to improve the reliability of the template, dynamic template update strategy is used to update the template at the appropriate time. The effectiveness of the approach is validated on the MOT16, MOT17, and MOT20 datasets.
Signatures of magnetic braking in Class 0 protostars: Exploring the gas kinematics in magnetized models of low-mass star formation
Authors: Añez-López N. , Lebreuilly U. , Maury A. , Hennebelle P. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Only indirect evidence of the role of magnetic braking in regulating gravitational collapse and the formation of circumstellar disks, such as compact disk sizes and the launching of high-velocity collimated protostellar jets, has been found from observational work.
Aims. More direct tests of the magnetic braking shaping the angular momentum of the gas in Class 0 protostars are crucially needed to confirm and make progress on the magnetically regulated disk formation scenario.
Methods. In the present work we used nonideal magnetohydrodynamic models of protostellar collapse and synthetic observations of molecular gas spectral emission, from the radiative transfer post-processing of these models. We analyzed the synthetic observations to test whether possible kinematic signatures of the magnetic braking in the gas velocity field can be captured from maps of the molecular gas emission in protostellar envelopes.
Results. By comparing the 3D specific angular momentum of models with varying turbulent energy and magnetization, we show that, in the numerical models of protostellar evolution explored, the increase in magnetization and its consequences on the spatial redistribution of angular momentum modifies the shapes of the radial profiles of specific angular momentum probed along the equatorial plane. However, various analysis of gas kinematics from the synthetic observations of molecular line emission mostly fail to capture the magnitude and differences in radial profiles of specific angular momentum due to different magnetization. Finally, we compare our synthetic observations to observational datasets from the literature to discuss possible magnetic braking signatures in protostellar envelopes.
Conclusions. We show that widely used observational methods fail to quantitatively capture the magnitude of angular momentum of the gas in protostellar envelopes, and that no method makes it possible to measure the differences in radial evolution of angular momentum due to different magnetization at all envelope radii. This is especially true in the more magnetized cases where the rotational velocities are of the order of the thermal broadening of the molecular lines. However, our analysis suggests that the detection of symmetric patterns and organized velocity fields in the moment 1 maps of the molecular line emission, and monotonous radial profiles of the specific angular momentum showing a power law decline, should be suggestive of a less magnetized scenario. Protostellar cores where efficient magnetic braking is at work are more likely to present a highly asymmetric velocity field, and more prone to show complex radial profiles of their specific angular momentum measured in the equatorial plane.
Recent Nuclear Data Activity at the RPI Gaerttner LINAC Center
Authors: Danon Y. , Brain P. , Cook K. , Fritz D. , Golas A. , Siemers G. , Singh S. , Wang B. , Lewis A. , Daskalakis A. , Rapp M. , Barry D. , Trumbull T. 
Published: April 2024

The nuclear data group at the RPI Gaerttner LINAC Laboratory uses a 60 MeV pulsed electron LINAC to produce short pulses of neutrons and perform cross section and other nuclear data measurements in a wide energy range from below 1 meV to about 20 MeV. This paper will cover several recent activities that are of interest to nuclear applications.
Interest in thermal neutron scattering evaluations prompted the need for accurate thermal total cross section measurements for validation. To improve the neutron flux in the sub-thermal region (below 0.01 eV) a cold moderator was designed and installed. A polyethylene moderator operating at about 26 K resulted in a factor of 8 increase in neutron flux below 0.01 eV. Using this new capability, several transmission measurements were performed with samples of polyethylene, polystyrene, Plexiglas, and yttrium hydride.
Neutron capture and transmission measurements in the keV energy range were made for 54Fe, which will be used in an evaluation effort that is underway. Capture measurements were collected on an array of C6D6 detectors that was expanded from 4 to 7 detectors, and a complementary transmission measurement was also performed.
Finally, research aimed at experimental validation of neutron capture gamma production is in progress. Energy dependent capture gamma cascades are measured with the RPI 16-segment gamma multiplicity detector. Measurements are then compared to capture gamma cascades generated from nuclear structure evaluations processed with DICEBOX and transported with a modified version of MCNP. This system provides important information on the completeness of primary gamma-ray databases.
Des systèmes alimentaires non soutenables qu’il faut réformer en profondeur
Authors: Ducos Alain , Brun Hugo , Candau Olivia , Deiber Maëlle , Florsheimer Léa , Larribeau Léa , Portet-Tixidor Baptiste 
Published: April 2024

Les systèmes agricoles et alimentaires ont connu de profondes transformations durant les dernières décennies dans l’ensemble des pays industrialisés. Les territoires et exploitations agricoles se sont fortement spécialisés. L’usage d’intrants de différentes natures s’est intensifié. La part des produits animaux et des produits ultra-transformés dans nos assiettes a fortement augmenté. Cette dynamique de « modernisation » a induit une augmentation de la productivité des systèmes agricoles, permettant de réduire, puis de maintenir, la part de l’alimentation dans le budget des ménages. Mais les coûts associés à ces systèmes alimentaires sont très importants. L’alimentation représente aujourd’hui le quart des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans notre pays. Le modèle de développement agricole « productiviste » adopté depuis plus d’un demi-siècle est à l’origine de perturbations majeures des cycles de l’azote, du phosphore, de l’eau. Il a fortement contribué à l’effondrement massif et brutal de la biodiversité, à la dégradation importante de la santé des sols. Par ailleurs, la part de valeur ajoutée captée par les agriculteurs n’a cessé de s’éroder au cours du temps. La durabilité sociale et économique d’un nombre important d’exploitations agricoles est aujourd’hui menacée. Face à ce constat, une transformation importante de nos systèmes agricoles et alimentaires doit être envisagée. L’agroécologie offre un cadre pertinent pour penser et mettre en œuvre cette transformation.
La transition agroécologique en pratique : le scénario Afterres2050
Authors: Gibert Caroline , Doublet Sylvain , Couturier Christian 
Published: April 2024

Le scénario Afterres2050 a été la première prospective normative sur le secteur des terres, à l’échelle nationale, à lier système alimentaire et système agricole, sur la base d’une sortie des énergies fossiles via les énergies renouvelables à l’horizon 2050.
Il interroge notre capacité à pourvoir à nos besoins alimentaires et non-alimentaires, avec une population croissante, tout en s’alignant aux objectifs fixés par l’ensemble des feuilles de routes environnementales et sociétales. Le scénario Afterres2050 intègre un ajustement progressif et itératif de l’offre et de la demande, par une approche bilancielle synthétisée dans un outil de modélisation systémique de l’usages des terres (MoSUT), sans pari technologique, mais en se basant sur des pratiques et des systèmes éprouvés aujourd’hui, ici massifiés en 2050.
Il interroge les concurrences et synergies potentielles entre les usages de la biomasse, via le concept des 6 F (Food, Feed, Fiber, Fuel, Forêt et Fertilité des sols) et leur répartition actuelle et future en réponse aux enjeux pour nos communs, à savoir la préservation de la qualité des sols, de la biodiversité, de l’eau, de l’air et de la santé humaine, des écosystèmes et des animaux.
Les 4 leviers identifiés pour y parvenir sont : 1) modifier nos régimes alimentaires pour ajuster la demande alimentaire à nos besoins, 2) faire évoluer nos systèmes et nos pratiques agricoles en généralisant l’agroécologie, 3) reconsidérer nos flux d’imports-exports pour les rendre plus sobres et respectueux et 4) diversifier l’usage des terres pour assurer la multifonctionnalité et lutter contre le changement climatique.
La mise en débat d’Afterres2050, et plus globalement, les démarches de prospective qui y sont associées sur les territoires accompagnés par Solagro, contribuent à la prise de conscience collective des enjeux globaux, et à la définition et négociation d’actions à mettre en œuvre avec l’ensemble des acteurs pour réaliser cette transition agroécologique.
Wie gut sind wir wirklich? Interventionsbedürftige Nachblutungen und intraoperative Elektrokoagulationen bei der Thulium-Laser-Enukleation der Prostata
Authors: Filmar Simon , Schaefer Jakob , Gross Andreas J. , Hook Sophia , Mehrer Fabio , Becker Benedikt , Rosenbaum Clemens , Netsch Christopher 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie interventionsbedürftige Nachblutung stellt eine wichtige Komplikation bei der Thulium-Laser-Enukleation der Prostata (ThuLEP) dar. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war diese Komplikation bei der Behandlung einer benignen Prostatavergrößerung retrospektiv zu analysieren. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Untersuchung möglicher ursächlicher Faktoren für interventionsbedürftige Nachblutungen sowie die Anwendung einer intraoperativen Elektrokoagulation. Insgesamt wurden 503 ThuLEPs im Zeitraum von 08/2021–07/2022 untersucht.Bei 4,2% (n=21) der Patienten trat postoperativ eine interventionsbedürftige Nachblutung auf. Die Daten konnten zeigen, dass bei diesen Nachblutungen eine signifikante Assoziation zwischen einem hohem Prostatavolumen, einem hohem Enukleationsgewicht sowie einer intraoperativen Elektrokoagulation bestand. Bei insgesamt 41,2% (n=207) der Fälle wurde intraoperativ eine Elektrokoagulation angewandt. In diesen Fällen bedingte statistisch signifikant eine intraoperative Kapselperforation sowie eine hohes Enukleationsgewicht die Anwendung einer Elektrokoagulation.
Type I Endoleak Following Covered Stent Graft Placement for Traumatic Subclavian Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Ansari Md. Sharoon , Verma Ashish , Singh Pramod Kumar , Kumar Ratnesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSubclavian artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon entity caused by trauma or iatrogenic arterial injury. Endovascular management is the preferred treatment strategy but can be complicated by endoleaks. We report a case of type I endoleak occurring after endovascular covered stent placement to treat a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of proximal left subclavian artery.
Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Treatment of Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Glazier Hugh A. , Kaki Amir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMassive/high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with a 30-day mortality rate of approximately 65%. In searching for strategies that may make a dent on this dismal mortality rate, investigators have, over the last decade, shown renewed interest in the potential beneficial role of venoarterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of patients with high-risk PE. There is a dearth of high-quality evidence regarding the value of ECMO in the treatment of massive PE. Studies examining this issue have generally been retrospective, often single center and frequently with small patient numbers. Moreover, these reported studies are not matched with appropriate controls, and, accordingly, it is difficult to regulate for inherent treatment bias. Not surprisingly, there are no randomized controlled trials examining the value of ECMO in the treatment of massive PE, as such trials would pose formidable feasibility challenges. Over the past several years, there has been increasing support for upfront use of V-A ECMO in the treatment of massive PE, when it is complicated by cardiac arrest. In those patients without cardiac arrest, but who have contraindications for thrombolysis, V-A ECMO combined with anticoagulation may be used to stabilize the patient. If after 3 to 5 days, such patients demonstrate persistent right ventricular dysfunction, embolectomy (either surgical or catheter based) should be performed. Well-designed, multicenter, prospective studies are urgently needed to better define the role of V-A ECMO in the treatment of patients with massive PE.
Management of Urgent Bleeding in Patients with Hemophilia A: Focus on the Use of Emicizumab
Authors: Jiménez-Yuste Víctor , Álvarez-Román María T. , Berrueco Rubén , Bonanad Santiago , Calvo-Villas José M. , González-González Rebeca , Porras José R. González , Núñez-Vázquez Ramiro J. , Rodríguez-López Manuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManagement of patients with hemophilia A (HA) requires the knowledge and experience of specialized health care professionals. However, these patients may need to be attended in emergencies, outside the referral hospital, where health care professionals do not know about hemophilia and/or new innovative treatments.This study aimed to develop a simple and practical algorithm that could be used in emergency situations by nonspecialized treaters in HA and bleeding with or without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors under emicizumab prophylaxis.A group of experts agreed on a simple algorithm, easy to operate, adapted from previous international guidelines, and based on their clinical experience.The proposed algorithm starts with identifying the patient, confirming the diagnosis of HA, prophylaxis with emicizumab, and/or use of other treatments. After stabilizing the patient and stratifying the bleeding risk, the patient is managed according to the presence/absence of FVIII inhibitors. Patients without FVIII inhibitors should receive FVIII concentrate. Dose and follow-up depend on bleeding localization and severity. Patients with FVIII inhibitors should preferably receive recombinant activated factor VII as bypass agent. A basic coagulation assay, FVIII assessment, and FVIII inhibitors detection assays are necessary in an emergency. However, these tests should be interpreted with caution and appropriately chosen, as emicizumab may alter the results.The management of patients with HA is challenging in emergency situations, especially if they are treated with new agents. Nonspecialized in coagulopathies health care professionals have limited understanding of the disease, highlighting the need for an algorithm to assist them in making informed decisions.
Mechanism study on the influences of buffer osmotic pressure on microfluidic chip-based cell electrofusion
Authors: Xu Mengli , Zhang Xiaoling , Bai Yaqi , Wang Xuefeng , Yang Jun , Hu Ning 
Published: April 2024

Cell electrofusion is a key process in many research fields, such as genetics, immunology, and cross-breeding. The electrofusion efficiency is highly dependent on the buffer osmotic pressure properties. However, the mechanism by which the buffer osmotic pressure affects cell electrofusion has not been theoretically or numerically understood. In order to explore the mechanism, the microfluidic structure with paired arc micro-cavities was first evaluated based on the numerical analysis of the transmembrane potential and the electroporation induced on biological cells when the electrofusion was performed on this structure. Then, the numerical model was used to analyze the effect of three buffer osmotic pressures on the on-chip electrofusion in terms of membrane tension and cell size. Compared to hypertonic and isotonic buffers, hypotonic buffer not only increased the reversible electroporation area in the cell-cell contact zone by 1.7 times by inducing a higher membrane tension, but also significantly reduced the applied voltage required for cell electroporation by increasing the cell size. Finally, the microfluidic chip with arc micro-cavities was fabricated and tested for electrofusion of SP2/0 cells. The results showed that no cell fusion occurred in the hypertonic buffer. The fusion efficiency in the isotonic buffer was about 7%. In the hypotonic buffer, the fusion efficiency was about 60%, which was significantly higher compared to hypertonic and isotonic buffers. The experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical analysis results.
Contamination of soils with eggs of Toxocara in a subtropical city in Argentina
Authors: Alonso J.M. , Stein M. , Chamorro M.C. , Bojanich M.V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbstract A total of 475 soil samples were collected from five public park playgrounds, 17 kindergarten sandpits and 124 housing estates in Resistencia, a medium-sized subtropical-region city in Argentina, and processed by the centrifugal flotation method. Eggs of Toxocara spp. were present in five (3.4%) of the 146 habitats surveyed and in six (1.3%) of the 475 samples examined. Twenty per cent of public parks, 5.9% of kindergarten sandpits and 2.4% of housing estates were contaminated with Toxocara eggs. Depending on the number of samples examined from the three types of habitat, contamination by Toxocara was 0.7% in public park playgrounds, 1.2% in kindergarten sandpits and 1.6% in the housing estates. High prevalences of Ancylostomidae eggs were also found especially in public park playgrounds with a value of 100%, compared with 19.4% found in housing estates and 11.8% in kindergarten samples. These results suggest that in Resistencia, human infections with Toxocara are likely to occur within the limits of housing estates more so than in public parks or open spaces.
Molecular approaches for studying ascaridoid nematodes with zoonotic potential, with an emphasis on Toxocara species
Authors: Zhu X.Q. , Gasser R.B. , Chilton N.B. , Jacobs D.E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpecies-specific identification of ascaridoid nematodes at any developmental stage is a prerequisite for detailed investigation of the life cycles, systematics and epidemiology of this important group, and is also crucial for the diagnosis of associated infections. The morphological identification of some species and/ or their larval stages can, however, present considerable difficulty. Recently, PCR-based methods, using genetic markers in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, have been shown to provide reliable alternatives to more traditional methods for the specific identification of nematodes. This article provides an account of recent research on the development of PCR-based methods (utilizing ITS sequences) for the specific identification of ascaridoid nematodes of zoonotic potential, for the diagnosis of infections, and for the analysis of genetic variation within and among individual nematodes and their populations. Prospects for using these diagnostic and analytical tools to investigate epidemiological and population genetic questions relating to ascaridoid parasites are also discussed.
Integration of liquid crystal optical delay and mechanical stage optical delay for measurement of ultrafast autocorrelations and terahertz pulses
Authors: Spotts Isaac , Brodie C Harrison , Collier Christopher M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To improve the temporal resolution in an optical delay system that uses a conventional mechanical delay stage, we integrate an in-line liquid crystal (LC) wave retarder. Previous implementations of LC optical delay methods are limited due to the small temporal window provided. Using a conventional mechanical delay stage system in series with the LC wave retarder, the temporal window is lengthened. Additionally, the limitation on temporal resolution resulting from the minimum optical path alteration (resolution of 400 nm) of the conventionally used mechanical delay stage is reduced via the in-line wave retarder (resolution of 50 nm). Interferometric autocorrelation measurements are conducted at multiple laser emission frequencies (349, 357, 375, 394, and 405 THz) using the in-line LC and conventional mechanical delay stage systems. The in-line LC system is compared to the conventional mechanical delay stage system to determine the improvements in temporal resolution relating to maximum resolvable frequency. This work demonstrates that the integration of the in-line LC system can extend the maximum resolvable frequency from 375 to 3000 THz. The in-line LC system is also applied for measurement of terahertz pulses.
Enhancing USVs navigation based on minimum error entropy of GPS vector tracking
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Sizhe , Hu Yuan , Lou Naiyuan , Wang Shengzheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, unmanned surface Vessels (USVs) have increasingly been used for river monitoring and hydrological surveys. USVs rely on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for navigation. However, signal blocking can cause the traditional GNSS vector tracking (VT) loop to increase the code phase and carrier frequency errors, leading to higher positioning errors that do not meet USVs’ requirements. To address this problem, we propose a VT method based on the minimum error entropy (MEE) in the signal tracking module. The MEE Kalman filter is adopted as the loop filter to mitigate code phase and carrier frequency errors, reduce non-Gaussian noise and random errors generated by signal blocking, and enhance the positioning accuracy and robustness of USV navigation. The measurement noise covariance of the loop filter was adjusted adaptively using the signal carrier-to-noise ratio. A field experiment was conducted using a commercial GNSS receiver as reference. The results demonstrate a 19.3% improvement in positioning accuracy compared with the traditional method in an open environment. Moreover, the proposed method maintains stable operation and achieves a 79.4% improvement in positioning accuracy during signal blocking. This novel algorithm offers a new concept for USV navigation systems to cope with signal blocking.