bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of a specialist hostel for the community management of personality disordered offenders
Authors: Blumenthal Stephen , Craissati Jackie , Minchin Louise 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground Since the late 1990s, in England and in Wales, there has been increasing interest in the particular challenges of managing offenders with personality disorder (PD). In 1999, a specialist hostel, managed by the probation service but with a high level of forensic mental health service input, was opened to high‐risk PD offenders.Aims To describe the first 93 high‐risk residents with PD who were completing sentences under life licence, parole or probation, and their outcome.Methods We investigated the nature of the offences residents had previously committed, their psychological profile in terms of personality patterns on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI‐III) and the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R), as well as staff commentary on their progress, to establish whether these factors related to outcome in terms of completion of stay in the hostel or premature discharge. Curfew failures and rearrest rates were also measured.Results Of the 80 men who completed their residency within the two years of the study, the majority (50) left the hostel for positive reasons under mutual agreement. One‐fifth were rearrested while resident, which is a lower rate than would be expected for such a group of offenders. PCL‐R scores were predictive of outcome, but so was previous offending history. Self‐defeating traits on the MCMI‐III and negative comments written by hostel staff were also associated with failure.Conclusions The hostel development demonstrated that probation and health services can work together to manage violent offenders with high levels of psychological dysfunction, and the evaluation provided some indications of how such arrangements might be enhanced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A qualitative study exploring the life‐course experiences of young offenders with symptoms and signs of ADHD who were detained in a residential care setting
Authors: Young Susan , Chesney Simon , Sperlinger David , Misch Peter , Collins Philip 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground An association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and offending is increasingly being recognised among youths in the criminal justice system, but is poorly understood.Methods Using the qualitative methodology of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, we explored the self‐reported life‐course experiences of five adolescents in a young offenders' secure unit; all had been rated by teachers on Conner's scale as having ADHD, although only one had received a clinical diagnosis.Results Three master themes were identified: loss, a search for belonging and responses to confinement. The themes suggest that both the ADHD and the offending behaviour of these young men need to be understood in the context of losses that they have suffered and their responses to these losses. They showed a preoccupation with family matters and a desperate wish to find a way to belong; they almost seemed to welcome some aspects of their confinement.Conclusion These themes suggest that ‘being held’ may, to some extent, fulfil a self‐identified need for belonging and reattachment after major losses. Therapeutic interventions may need to take account of the possibility that this confinement may also validate for these young men a tendency to attribute the course of their lives to external factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome measures used in forensic mental health research: a structured review
Authors: Chambers Jemma C. , Yiend Jenny , Barrett Barbara , Burns Tom , Doll Helen , Fazel Seena , Jenkinson Crispin , Kaur Asha , Knapp Martin , Plugge Emma , Sutton Lesley , Fitzpatrick Ray 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground The evidence base for forensic mental health (FMH) services has been developing since the late 1990s. Are outcome measures sound enough for the evaluation tasks?Aims To identify, from published literature, outcome measures used in FMH research and, where feasible, assess their quality.Method A structured review was undertaken of trials and intervention studies published between 1990 and 2006. Details of outcome variables and measures were abstracted. Evidence regarding most frequently occurring outcome measures was assessed.Results Four hundred and fifty different instruments were used to assess outcomes, incorporating 1038 distinct variables. Very little evidence could be found to support the measurement properties of commonly used instruments.Conclusions and implications for practice There is little consistency in the use of outcome measure in FMH research. Effort is required to reach consensus on validated outcome measures in this field in order to better inform practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of bivalirudin on in‐hospital bleeding and six‐month outcomes in octogenarians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lemesle Gilles , De Labriolle Axel , Bonello Laurent , Syed Asmir , Collins Sara , Maluenda Gabriel , Torguson Rebecca , Kaneshige Kimberly , Xue Zhenyi , Suddath William O. , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Lindsay Joseph , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to analyze the impact of replacing heparin with bivalirudin in octogenarians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on postprocedure hemorrhage and 6‐month mortality. Background: Randomized trials comparing the antithrombin agent bivalirudin with heparin as the intraprocedural anticoagulant identify a reduction in periprocedural bleeding after PCI. Further, the occurrence of such bleeding seems to predict an increased risk of death or myocardial infarction both in‐hospital and at long‐term follow‐up. Importantly, elderly people who are at the greatest risk of post‐PCI bleeding complications are underrepresented in these randomized trials. Methods: From 2000 to 2007, 2,766 consecutive patients from our center who were ≥80 years of age underwent PCI with stent implantation and were included in this analysis. Bivalirudin was used in 1,207 (43.6%) patients and heparin in 1,559 (56.4%). We compared the rates of post‐PCI bleeding complications and 6‐month mortality. Results: The overall in‐hospital bleeding and 6‐month mortality rates were 4.6% and 11.8%, respectively. By multivariate logistic regression and after adjustment by propensity score analysis, bivalirudin was associated with a significant decrease in in‐hospital bleedings (HR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23–0.73, P = 0.003). By multivariate Cox analysis, bivalirudin was also associated with a significant decrease (HR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9, P = 0.01) and in‐hospital bleedings with a significant increase in the 6‐month mortality (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.6–3.9, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests an important subset for use of bivalirudin in lieu of heparin that will benefit the very elderly. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of the transradial approach to reduce bleedings in patients undergoing urgent coronary angioplasty with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes
Authors: De Carlo Marco , Borelli Gabriele , Gistri Roberto , Ciabatti Nicola , Mazzoni Alessandra , Arena Marco , Petronio A. Sonia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the transradial approach in reducing bleeding rates following urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs). Background: PCI and use of GPIs are recommended in acute coronary syndromes, but are strong predictors of severe hemorrhagic complications, which, in turn, are associated with reduced survival. The transradial approach represents a simple and effective solution to reduce vascular access site bleedings, particularly with GPIs. Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing urgent transradial PCI under GPI treatment were enrolled in the registry. No patients were excluded. In addition, we performed a case‐matched comparison of the transradial versus transfemoral approach using propensity analysis to adjust for known risk factors for bleeding. The primary end point was the rate of bleedings, graded according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) classification. Results: Five hundred thirty‐one consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in the registry. TIMI major, minor, and minimal bleedings were 0.2%, 1.7%, and 6.4%, respectively. Transfusion rate was 0.8%. After propensity‐matched analysis, the transradial approach was associated with significantly lower rates of all types of bleedings, while the transfemoral approach was the strongest predictor of TIMI major/minor bleedings (odds ratio 6.67; 95% confidence interval 1.72–25; P = 0.006). Conclusions: The transradial approach dramatically reduces access site bleedings, including TIMI major and minor bleedings, and transfusion rate, while preserving procedural success and clinical outcome. The transradial approach is an attractive solution to reduce bleeding complications in patients treated with GPIs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multicenter randomized trial of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention with low‐dose tenecteplase in patients with acute myocardial infarction: The Athens PCI trial
Authors: Kanakakis John , Nanas John N. , Tsagalou Eleftheria P. , Maroulidis George D. , Drakos Stavros G. , Ntalianis Argirios S. , Tzoumele Panagiotis , Skoumbourdis Emmanuel , Charbis Panagiotis , Rokas Stylianos , Anastasiou‐Nana Maria 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives: To examine the safety and efficacy of low‐dose tenecteplase, administered before facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 or 3 blood flow in the infarct related artery (IRA) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) scheduled to undergo PCI with a shortest anticipated delay of 30 min. Background: PCI preceded by administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, full‐dose thrombolytics, or both, is associated with no benefit or a higher incidence of adverse events than PCI alone. Methods: Patients with STEMI < 6 hr in duration were randomly assigned to PCI preceded by tenecteplase, 10 mg (facilitated PCI group, n = 143) versus standard PCI (control group, n = 141). All patients received aspirin and unfractionated heparin (70 IU/kg bolus) at time of randomization. Both groups received IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the catheterization laboratory and for at least 20 hr after PCI. Results: The median door‐to‐balloon time was 122 min (91–175) in the facilitated PCI versus 120 min (89–175) in the control group. IRA patency on arrival in the catheterization laboratory was 59.5% in the facilitated PCI (24% TIMI‐2, 35% TIMI‐3), versus 37% in the control (8% TIMI‐2, 29% TIMI‐3) group (P = 0.0001). During hospitalization, 9 patients (6%) died in the facilitated PCI versus 5 patients (3.5%) in the control group (P = 0.572). A single patient in the facilitated PCI group suffered a non‐fatal ischemic stroke. Conclusions: Facilitated PCI with low‐dose tenecteplase in patients presenting with STEMI was associated with a high IRA patency rate before PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In Situ Analysis of the Zn(S,O) Buffer Layer Preparation for Chalcopyrite Solar Cells by Zn L‐edge X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Lauermann Iver , Kropp Timo , Vottier Damien , Ennaoui Ahmed , Eberhardt Wolfgang , Aziz Emad F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBridging the gap between high‐vacuum soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and real systems under ambient conditions probes chemical reactions in situ during deposition and annealing processes. The origin of highly efficient buffer layers in Zn(S,O) is the complex formation between Zn2+ and the SC group of thiourea (see schematic), which allows ligand‐to‐metal and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (LMCT and MLCT).magnified image
Monoamines block kainate‐ and carbachol‐induced γ‐oscillations but augment stimulus‐induced γ‐oscillations in rat hippocampus in vitro
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna Maria , van den Boom Leander , Chakrabarty Arnab , Maggio Nicola , Haq Rizwan ul , Behrens Christoph J. , Heinemann Uwe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMonoamines are implicated in a cognitive processes in a variety of brain regions, including the hippocampal formation, where storage and retrieval of information are facilitated by synchronous network activities. We have investigated the effects of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine on carbachol‐, kainate‐, and stimulus‐induced hippocampal γ‐oscillations employing combined extra‐ and intracellular recordings. Monoamines dose‐dependently and reversibly suppressed kainate‐ and carbachol‐induced γ‐oscillations while increasing the frequency. The effect of serotonin was mimicked by fenfluramine, which releases serotonin from presynaptic terminals. Forskolin also suppressed kainate‐ and carbachol‐induced γ‐oscillations. This effect was mimicked by 8‐Br‐cAMP and isoproterenol, an agonist of noradrenergic β‐receptor suggesting that the monoamines‐mediated suppression of these oscillations could involve intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (AMP). By contrast, stimulus‐induced γ‐oscillations were dose‐dependently augmented in power and duration after monoamines application. Intracellular recordings from pyramidal cells revealed that monoamines prolonged the stimulus‐induced depolarization and membrane potential oscillations. Stimulus‐induced γ‐oscillations were also suppressed by isoproterenol, the D1 agonist SKF‐38393 forskolin, and 8‐Br‐cAMP. This suggests that the augmentation of stimulus‐induced γ‐oscillations by monoamines involves—at least in part—different classes of cells than in case of carbachol‐ and kainate‐induced γ‐oscillations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural bases of autobiographical support for episodic recollection of faces
Authors: Trinkler Iris , King John A. , Doeller Christian F. , Rugg Michael D. , Burgess Neil 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIncidental retrieval of autobiographical knowledge can provide rich contextual support for episodic recollection of a recent event. We examined the neural bases of these two processes by performing fMRI scanning during a recognition memory test for faces that were unfamiliar, famous, or personally known. The presence of pre‐experimental knowledge of a face was incidental to the task, but nonetheless resulted in improved performance. Two distinct networks of activation were associated with correct recollection of a face's prior presentation (recollection hits vs. correct rejections) on one hand, and with pre‐experimental knowledge about it (famous or personally known vs. unfamiliar faces) on the other. The former included mid/posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and ventral striatum. The latter included bilateral hippocampus, retrosplenial, and ventromedial prefrontal cortices. Anterior and medial thalamic activations showed an interaction between both effects, driven by increased activation for recollection of unfamiliar faces. When recollecting the presentation of a famous or personally known face, hippocampal activation increased with participants' ratings of how well they felt they knew the person shown. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex showed significantly greater activation for personally known than famous faces. Our results indicate a dissociation between the involvement of retrosplenial vs. mid/posterior cingulate and precuneus in memory tasks. They also indicate that, during recognition memory experiments, the hippocampus supports incidental retrieval of pre‐experimental knowledge about the stimuli presented. This type of knowledge likely underlies the additional recollection found for prior presentation of well known stimuli compared with novel ones and may link hippocampal activation at encoding to subsequent memory performance more generally. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Memory‐related changes in L‐citrulline and agmatine in the rat brain
Authors: Liu Ping , Jing Yu , Collie Nicola D. , Chary Sree , Zhang Hu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractL‐citrulline, L‐ornithine, and agmatine are the metabolites of L‐arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arginase, and arginine decarboxylase (ADC), respectively. In contrast to the NOS and arginase pathways, the role of the ADC‐agmatine pathway in learning and memory has only been paid attention lately. Recent evidence suggests a potential involvement of agmatine in learning and memory processing. The present study further addressed this issue by comparing the levels of agmatine, as well as L‐arginine, L‐citrulline, and L‐ornithine, in the hippocampus, parahippocampal region, prefrontal cortex, vestibular nucleus, and cerebellum in rats that were trained in the delayed nonmatch to position task in the T‐maze with their yoked controls. There were significantly increased agmatine levels in the prefrontal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices and increased L‐citrulline concentrations in the dentate gyrus (DG) and prefrontal cortex in the T‐maze training group relative to the control one. L‐arginine and L‐ornithine levels were not significantly different between groups in the brain regions examined. These results demonstrate T‐maze training‐induced region‐specific increases in L‐citrulline and agmatine. Significant positive correlations between prefrontal and perirhinal agmatine levels and animals' performance in the T‐maze further suggest the direct involvement of agmatine in learning and memory processing. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hitting the bull's eye: Novel directed cancer therapy through helicase‐targeted synthetic lethality
Authors: Aggarwal Monika , Brosh Robert M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDesigning strategies for anti‐cancer therapy have posed a significant challenge. One approach has been to inhibit specific DNA repair proteins and their respective pathways to enhance chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat cancer patients. Synthetic lethality represents an approach that exploits pre‐existing DNA repair deficiencies in certain tumors to develop inhibitors of DNA repair pathways that compensate for the tumor‐associated repair deficiency. Since helicases play critical roles in the DNA damage response and DNA repair, particularly in actively dividing and replicating cells, it is proposed that the identification and characterization of synthetic lethal relationships of DNA helicases will be of value in developing improved anti‐cancer treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss this hypothesis and current evidence for synthetic lethal interactions of eukaryotic DNA helicases in model systems. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 758–763, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isoform‐specific cleavage of 14‐3‐3 proteins in apoptotic JURL‐MK1 cells
Authors: Kuželová Kateřina , Grebeňová Dana , Pluskalová Michaela , Kavan Daniel , Halada Petr , Hrkal Zbyněk 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe proteins of 14‐3‐3 family are substantially involved in the regulation of many biological processes including the apoptosis. We studied the changes in the expression of five 14‐3‐3 isoforms (β, γ, ε, τ, and ζ) during the apoptosis of JURL‐MK1 and K562 cells. The expression level of all these proteins markedly decreased in relation with the apoptosis progression and all isoforms underwent truncation, which probably corresponds to the removal of several C‐terminal amino acids. The observed 14‐3‐3 modifications were partially blocked by caspase‐3 inhibition. In addition to caspases, a non‐caspase protease is likely to contribute to 14‐3‐3's cleavage in an isoform‐specific manner. While 14‐3‐3 γ seems to be cleaved mainly by caspase‐3, the alternative mechanism is essentially involved in the case of 14‐3‐3 τ, and a combined effect was observed for the isoforms ε, β, and ζ. We suggest that the processing of 14‐3‐3 proteins could form an integral part of the programmed cell death or at least of some apoptotic pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 673–681, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dimerization of DNA methyltransferase 1 is mediated by its regulatory domain
Authors: Fellinger Karin , Rothbauer Ulrich , Felle Max , Längst Gernot , Leonhardt Heinrich 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification and plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. Within the family of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), Dnmt3a and 3b establish methylation marks during early development, while Dnmt1 maintains methylation patterns after DNA replication. The maintenance function of Dnmt1 is regulated by its large regulatory N‐terminal domain that interacts with other chromatin factors and is essential for the recognition of hemi‐methylated DNA. Gelfiltration analysis showed that purified Dnmt1 elutes at an apparent molecular weight corresponding to the size of a dimer. With protein interaction assays we could show that Dnmt1 interacts with itself through its N‐terminal regulatory domain. By deletion analysis and co‐immunoprecipitations we mapped the dimerization domain to the targeting sequence TS that is located in the center of the N‐terminal domain (amino acids 310–629) and was previously shown to mediate replication independent association with heterochromatin at chromocenters. Further mutational analyses suggested that the dimeric complex has a bipartite interaction interface and is formed in a head‐to‐head orientation. Dnmt1 dimer formation could facilitate the discrimination of hemi‐methylated target sites as has been found for other palindromic DNA sequence recognizing enzymes. These results assign an additional function to the TS domain and raise the interesting question how these functions are spatially and temporarily co‐ordinated. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 521–528, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Daylight climatology in Athens, Greece: types of diurnal variation of illuminance levels
Authors: Markou Marina T. , Bartzokas Aristides , Kambezidis Harry D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the present work, the diurnal variation of illuminance levels in Athens, Greece, is studied during winter and summer. The database consists of 5‐minute values of global horizontal illuminance for the period 1992–1996 recorded at the National Observatory of Athens (NOA). For each season, two sets of data are determined (sunrise to noon and noon to sunset) consisting of the semi‐diurnal courses of illuminance anomalies from the mean semi‐diurnal course of each day of the year. By using the multivariate statistical methods Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis, the identification of the most characteristic modes of diurnal variation of global illuminance is attempted. It is found that six types of semi‐diurnal courses (sunrise to noon and noon to sunset) of global illuminance are the most characteristic for winter, while for summer, six types of courses are found for sunrise to noon and five for noon to sunset. Some of these courses present the almost smooth ascending/descending intra‐daily variation of illuminance, while others show significant disturbances during various daytime periods due to development of clouds. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society