bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of machine learning for identification of heterotic groups in sunflower through combined approach of phenotyping, genotyping and protein profiling
Authors: Ibrar Danish , Khan Shahbaz , Raza Mudassar , Nawaz Muhammad , Hasnain Zuhair , Kashif Muhammad , Rais Afroz , Gul Safia , Ahmad Rafiq , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman Z. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractApplication of machine learning in plant breeding is a recent concept, that has to be optimized for precise utilization in the breeding program of high yielding crop plants. Identification and efficient utilization of heterotic grouping pattern aided with machine learning approaches is of utmost importance in hybrid cultivar breeding as it can save time and resources required to breed a new plant hybrid/variety. In the present study, 109 genotypes of sunflower were investigated at morphological, biochemical (SDS-PAGE) and molecular levels (through micro-satellites (SSR) markers) for heterotic grouping. All the three datasets were combined, scaled, and subjected to unsupervised machine learning algorithms, i.e., Hierarchical clustering, K-means clustering and hybrid clustering algorithm (hierarchical + K-means) for assessment of efficiency and resolution power of these algorithms in practical plant breeding for heterotic grouping identification. Following the application of machine learning unsupervised clustering approach, two major groups were identified in the studied sunflower germplasm, and further classification revealed six smaller classes in each major group through hierarchical and hybrid clustering approach. Due to high resolution, obtained in hierarchical clustering, classification achieved through this algorithm was further used for selection of potential parents. One genotype from each smaller group was selected based on the maximum seed yield potential and hybridized in a line  ×  tester mating design producing 36 F1 cross combinations. These F1s along with their parents were studied in open field conditions for validating the efficacy of identified heterotic groups in sunflowers genetic material under study. Data for 11 agronomic and qualitative traits were recorded. These 36 F1 combinations were tested for their combining ability (General/Specific), heterosis, genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis. Results suggested that F1 hybrids performed better for all the traits under investigation than their respective parents. Findings of the study validated the use of machine learning approaches in practical plant breeding; however, more accurate and robust clustering algorithms need to be developed to handle the data noisiness of open field experiments.
Pan-cancer evaluation of regulated cell death to predict overall survival and immune checkpoint inhibitor response
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Yongwei , Liu Hongyi , Zhang Yihao , Liu Hongwei , Adegboro Abraham Ayodeji , Dang Ruiyue , Dai Luohuan , Wanggou Siyi , Li Xuejun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRegulated cell death (RCD) plays a pivotal role in various biological processes, including development, tissue homeostasis, and immune response. However, a comprehensive assessment of RCD status and its associated features at the pan-cancer level remains unexplored. Furthermore, despite significant advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), only a fraction of cancer patients currently benefit from treatments. Given the emerging evidence linking RCD and ICI efficacy, we hypothesize that the RCD status could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting the ICI response and overall survival (OS) in patients with malignant tumors. We defined the RCD levels as the RCD score, allowing us to delineate the RCD landscape across 30 cancer types, 29 normal tissues in bulk, and 2,573,921 cells from 82 scRNA-Seq datasets. By leveraging large-scale datasets, we aimed to establish the positive association of RCD with immunity and identify the RCD signature. Utilizing 7 machine-learning algorithms and 18 ICI cohorts, we developed an RCD signature (RCD.Sig) for predicting ICI response. Additionally, we employed 101 combinations of 10 machine-learning algorithms to construct a novel RCD survival-related signature (RCD.Sur.Sig) for predicting OS. Furthermore, we obtained CRISPR data to identify potential therapeutic targets. Our study presents an integrative framework for assessing RCD status and reveals a strong connection between RCD status and ICI effectiveness. Moreover, we establish two clinically applicable signatures and identify promising potential therapeutic targets for patients with tumors.
Uncovering microbiomes of the rice phyllosphere using long-read metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Masuda Sachiko , Gan Pamela , Kiguchi Yuya , Anda Mizue , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Shibata Arisa , Iwasaki Wataru , Suda Wataru , Shirasu Ken 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe plant microbiome is crucial for plant growth, yet many important questions remain, such as the identification of specific bacterial species in plants, their genetic content, and location of these genes on chromosomes or plasmids. To gain insights into the genetic makeup of the rice-phyllosphere, we perform a metagenomic analysis using long-read sequences. Here, 1.8 Gb reads are assembled into 26,067 contigs including 142 circular sequences. Within these contigs, 669 complete 16S rRNA genes are clustered into 166 bacterial species, 121 of which show low identity (<97%) to defined sequences, suggesting novel species. The circular contigs contain novel chromosomes and a megaplasmid, and most of the smaller circular contigs are defined as novel plasmids or bacteriophages. One circular contig represents the complete chromosome of a difficult-to-culture bacterium Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of long-read-based metagenomics for profiling microbial communities and discovering novel sequences in plant-microbiome studies.
A temporal control on the isotopic compositions of the Antarctic Peninsula arc
Authors: Bastias-Silva Joaquin , Burton-Johnson Alex , Chew David , Riley Teal , Jara Wuidad , Chiaradia Massimo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRadiogenic isotopic compositions of arc magmas are a key tool for studying active margin evolution. They have two isotopic end-members: melts formed mostly from juvenile asthenosphere and melts sourced from evolved continental crust/continental lithospheric mantle. Cordilleran-margins are typically more isotopically juvenile near the trench, and conversely, increasingly evolved landward. However, this model has not been tested on the ~1,500 km long Mesozoic-Cenozoic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula. Here we show that while geochemical compositions remain largely constant, radiogenic isotopes become increasingly juvenile with time. Unlike other continental arcs, there is no association between isotopic composition and spatial distribution. This is attributed to: (i) slow subduction of young oceanic lithosphere, resulting in narrowing of the arc and reduced capacity to incorporate continental crust into melts, and (ii) the Cenozoic decrease in convergence rate, which reduced the friction in the slab-overriding plate interface, allowing the arc melts to increasingly source from young juvenile asthenosphere.
Financial professionals and climate experts have diverging perspectives on climate action
Authors: Gsottbauer Elisabeth , Kirchler Michael , König-Kersting Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo address the climate crisis, it is necessary to transform the economy, with the finance industry taking a central role by implementing sustainable investment policies. This study aims to understand the motivations and preferences of its key players—financial professionals and climate experts. Here we use an incentivized experiment to measure the willingness to forgo payout to curb carbon emissions and a survey to elicit attitudes and beliefs toward the climate crisis. We provide suggestive evidence that financial professionals have a lower willingness to curb carbon emissions, are less concerned about climate change, and are less supportive of carbon taxes compared to climate experts. We report differences in motivations and priorities, with financial professionals emphasizing economic and reputational considerations and climate experts prioritizing ecological and social consequences of the crisis. Our findings highlight the importance of financial incentives and reputational concerns in motivating financial professionals to address the climate crisis. Pre-registration: The study was pre-registered on 14 April 2021. The pre-registration is available on OSF at https://osf.io/7q5du/.
Structure and morphology of red pigments based on sepiolite
Authors: Carrillo I. , Atanes-Sánchez E. , Fernández-Martínez F. 
Published: March 2024

Sulfur-based red pigments were prepared through the thermal treatment of sepiolite with S and Na2S·xH2O. Samples with [S/Na2S] = 0.5 and 1 molar ratios exhibited red colour due to the presence of [Sx/2]˙− chromophore groups, particularly S4 species.
Dynamic estimation method for pulsar periods based on photon energy distribution folding and image template matching
Authors: Xie T. H. , Ma X. , Zhang W. J. , Li J. R. , Wang S. T. , Yang Z. N. , Cui P. L. , Ning X. L. , Fang J. C. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. The accuracy of the pulsar period estimation directly affects the restoration effect of the signal profile. A more accurate pulsar profile will help improve the accuracy of pulsar delay estimation and thereby improve the performance of X-ray pulsar navigation. This paper proposes a pulsar period estimation method based on photon energy distribution folding and image template matching (PETM).
Methods. This method uses the probability distribution information of photon energy for weighted epoch folding. The one-dimensional (1D) profile information was converted into two-dimensional (2D) image information through reverse space-filling curve (SFC) encoding. Then, a feature matching was performed between the target structure and the template structure. At the same time, the criterion of Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to quantitatively evaluate the matching effect to estimate the optimal period.
Results. The simulation results show that the period estimation accuracy of the PETM method is significantly improved, as compared with the traditional χ2-test method. This work also analyzes the folding effect based on the photon energy distribution model and conducts simulation experiments and comparisons on influencing factors, such as noise interference and data quality. At the same time, we also specifically demonstrated the effectiveness of the PETM method for the glitch phenomenon (i.e., a sudden change in period) of pulsar periods. Finally, we also used China’s XPNAV-1 satellite to conduct experiments and analysis of the actual observation data of PSR B0531+21 pulsar within a fixed period of time. The results show that the period estimation accuracy of this method is 4.8190 ns, which is 50.23% higher than the traditional χ2-test method. The method proposed in this article has the advantages of high estimation accuracy, stable estimation performance, strong anti-interference ability, and excellent dynamic period estimation performance. Therefore, it can further improve the navigation performance of X-ray pulsars.
Editorial
Authors: Luthin Dirk 
Published: March 2024

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,„Folgen Sie der Wissenschaft!“ Diese oder ähnlich lautende Appelle hören wir
wiederholt in den verschiedenen Medien. Doch was ist eigentlich Wissenschaft und wie
können wir Wissenschaft von Pseudowissenschaft unterscheiden? Gemäß dem
Wissenschaftstheoretiker Larry Laudan verfügen wir derzeit über kein
allgemeingültiges Kriterium, um Wissenschaft exakt zu definieren. Vielfach wird in
diesem Zusammenhang auf die Ideen Karl Poppers zurückgegriffen, Wissenschaft müsse
überprüfbar und falsifizierbar sein, sonst handle es sich nicht um Wissenschaft. Lee
McIntyre schreibt in seinem Buch The scientific attitude, dass eine
„wissenschaftliche Haltung“ ein zentrales Erkennungsmerkmal von Wissenschaftlichkeit
sei; eine Haltung, die Zweifel und Ungewissheit zulasse und bereit sei, eine
wissenschaftliche These oder Theorie aufzugeben, wenn sie widerlegt werden kann. Das
Gegenteil dieser „wissenschaftlichen Haltung“ stellt hierbei die Dogmatik dar, d. h.
starr und wider besseren Wissens an seiner Lehrmeinung oder Theorie festzuhalten:
ein Festhalten an einer Ideologie. In mehreren Veröffentlichungen der letzten Jahre
ist der Osteopathie dieses dogmatische Festhalten an überkommenen Theorien und
Lehrmeinungen und das Nichteinbeziehen der aktuellen Forschungserkenntnisse explizit
vorgeworfen worden. Vielleicht kann diese Kritik die osteopathische Gemeinschaft zur
Selbstreflexion anregen, die gängigen osteopathischen Ideen und Herangehensweisen
auf den Prüfstand zu stellen und mit dem aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft
abzugleichen.
Früherkennung des sporadischen Pankreasadenokarzinoms
Authors: Scherübl Hans 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Pankreasadenokarzinom (PK) nimmt stetig an Häufigkeit zu und stellt bereits die dritthäufigste tumorbedingte Todesursache in Deutschland dar. Voraussichtlich rückt es bis 2030 auf den 2. Platz und bis 2050 gar auf den 1. Platz der krebsbedingten Todesfälle vor. Das Pankreaskarzinom wird generell spät diagnostiziert und die 5-Jahre-Überlebensrate liegt bei nur 10%. Wird das PK aber im Tumorstadium IA diagnostiziert und therapiert, so beträgt das 5-Jahresüberleben rund 80%. Früherkennungsinitiativen verfolgen deshalb das Ziel, Hochrisikopersonen zu identifizieren und das sporadische Pankreaskarzinom frühzeitig festzustellen. Personen über 50 mit neu diagnostiziertem Diabetes stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Früherkennungsstrategien werden angesprochen.
A Rare Neurological Presentation of Noonan Syndrome and Its Management—A Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Shalvi , Narayanan Vidhya , Narayan Vinitha , Depuru Aparna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough Noonan syndrome is a relatively common congenital disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, its association with cerebrovascular anomalies is rare. We report a case of a 20-year-old with Noonan syndrome with cerebrovascular aneurysm, who underwent successful endovascular coiling. Only four cases of cerebrovascular aneurysms in Noonan syndrome have been reported in the literature so far. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the fifth reported case and the first one that has been treated successfully with endovascular coiling. We hereby discuss the management of this case, which had several comorbidities like congenital heart disease and craniovertebral junction anomaly.
Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Fusion Protein Linking Coagulation Factor IX with Albumin (rIX-FP) in Previously Untreated Patients with Hemophilia B
Authors: Lemons Richard , Wang Michael , Curtin Julie , Lepatan Lynda Mae , Male Christoph , Peyvandi Flora , von Depka Prondzinski Mario , Wang Rongrong , McKeand William , Seifert Wilfried , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction Recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX (FIX) with albumin (rIX-FP) has been shown to be an effective, well-tolerated treatment for patients with severe hemophilia B who had previously received factor replacement therapy. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of rIX-FP in previously untreated patients (PUPs).
Methods Patients with moderately severe/severe hemophilia B (≤2% FIX) previously untreated with FIX replacement products received rIX-FP (25–75 IU/kg) prophylaxis weekly or on-demand treatment over ≥50 exposure days (EDs). Primary outcomes were the number of patients who developed FIX inhibitors and mean incremental recovery (IR) following a 50 IU/kg dose of rIX-FP. Secondary outcomes included incidence of adverse events (AEs) and annualized bleeding rates (ABRs).
Results In total, 12 PUPs with a median age of 0 years (range, 0–11 years) were treated with rIX-FP for a median of 50 EDs (6/12 prophylaxis; 6/12 on-demand then prophylaxis). Overall, 11/12 patients did not develop FIX inhibitors; one 11-year-old patient developed an inhibitor against FIX after 8 EDs and was ultimately withdrawn. Mean (standard deviation) IR was 1.2 (0.4, n = 8) (IU/dL)/(IU/kg). Of the 137 treatment-emergent AEs recorded, five were attributed to rIX-FP. On the prophylaxis regimen, median ABR was 1.0 (range, 0–3.9, n = 12). No thromboembolic events or deaths occurred during the study.
Conclusion This study provides data to support the safety and efficacy of rIX-FP in PUPs requiring on-demand or prophylactic treatment for moderately severe/severe hemophilia B, consistent with results in previously treated patients. Overall, 1/12 patients developed an inhibitor against FIX.
The glass transition and enthalpy recovery of polystyrene nanorods using Flash differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Pallaka Madhusudhan R. , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: March 2024

The glass transition (Tg) behavior and enthalpy recovery of polystyrene nanorods within an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template (supported nanorods) and after removal from AAO (unsupported nanorods) is studied using Flash differential scanning calorimetry. Tg is found to be depressed relative to the bulk by 20 ± 2 K for 20 nm-diameter unsupported polystyrene (PS) nanorods at the slowest cooling rate and by 9 ± 1 K for 55 nm-diameter rods. On the other hand, bulk-like behavior is observed in the case of unsupported 350 nm-diameter nanorods and for all supported rods in AAO. The size-dependent Tg behavior of the PS unsupported nanorods compares well with results for ultrathin films when scaled using the volume/surface ratio. Enthalpy recovery was also studied for the 20 and 350 nm unsupported nanorods with evolution toward equilibrium found to be linear with logarithmic time. The rate of enthalpy recovery for the 350 nm rods was similar to that for the bulk, whereas the rate of recovery was enhanced for the 20 nm rods for down-jump sizes larger than 17 K. A relaxation map summarizes the behavior of the nanorods relative to the bulk and relative to that for the 20 nm-thick ultrathin film. Interestingly, the fragility of the 20 nm-diameter nanorod and the 20 nm ultrathin film are identical within the error of measurements, and when plotted vs departure from Tg (i.e., T − Tg), the relaxation maps of the two samples are identical in spite of the fact that the Tg is depressed 8 K more in the nanorod sample.
An annular pulse forming line based on coaxial transmission lines
Authors: Qiu Xudong , Su Jiancang , Li Rui , Cheng Jie , Zeng Bo , Yu Binxiong , Li Yongdong 
Published: March 2024

The miniaturization, lightweight, and solidification of pulse forming lines (PFLs) are of prime significance during the evolution of pulsed power technology. In this paper, an all-solid-state annular pulse forming line (APFL) based on film-insulated coaxial transmission lines is developed to generate fast-rise time quasi-square pulses. First, a coiled coaxial transmission line (CCTL) comprised of multilayer polypropylene films with outstanding insulating properties is constructed. It can withstand direct current voltages up to 200 kV, with a cross section diameter of 7.4 mm. In addition, in order to turn the pulse transmission direction from circumferential to axial, a compact insulated terminal with a 90° bend structure is designed for CCTL. Although single terminal inductance can slow down the rising edge of the output pulse, their parallel connection in an APFL can weaken such an effect. The APFL, with a characteristic impedance of 2.95 Ω and a transmission time of 13 ns, is composed of three CCTLs with six terminals, which can run over 100 thousand times under the pulse voltage of 75 kV. Finally, 15 series APFL modules are employed to assemble a multi-stage PFL for the Tesla-type pulse generator. When charged to a voltage of 1 MV, the mixed PFL consisting of a coaxial line and the multi-stage PFL outputs quasi-square pulses with a voltage amplitude, rise time, and width of 510 kV, 4 ns, and 41.5 ns, respectively, and the fluctuation of the flat top is about 6%.
Resonant electron capture by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules: Effects of aza-substitution
Authors: Khatymov Rustem V. , Muftakhov Mars V. , Tuktarov Renat F. , Shchukin Pavel V. , Khatymova Lyaysan Z. , Pancras Eugene , Terentyev Andrey G. , Petrov Nikolay I. 
Published: March 2024

Resonant electron capture by aza and diaza derivatives of phenanthrene (7,8-benzoquinoline and 1,10-phenanthroline) and anthracene (acridine and phenazine) at incident free electron energies (Ee) in the range of 0–15 eV was studied. All compounds except 7,8-benzoquinoline form long-lived molecular ions (M−) at thermal electron energies (Ee ∼ 0 eV). Acridine and phenazine also form such ions at epithermal electron energies up to Ee = 1.5–2.5 eV. The lifetimes (τa) of M− with respect to electron autodetachment are proportional to the extent of aza-substitution and increase on going from molecules with bent geometry of the fused rings (azaphenanthrenes) to linear isomers (azaanthracenes). These regularities are due to an increase in the adiabatic electron affinities (EAa) of the molecules. The EAa values of the molecules under study were comprehensively assessed based on a comparative analysis of the measured τa values using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory, the electronic structure analysis using the molecular orbital approach, as well as the density functional calculations of the total energy differences between the molecules and anions. The only fragmentation channel of M− ions from the compounds studied is abstraction of hydrogen atoms. When studying [M–H]− ions, electron autodetachment processes were observed, the τa values were measured, and the appearance energies were determined. A comparative analysis of the gas-phase acidity of the molecules and the EAa values of the [M–H]· radicals revealed their proportionality to the EAa values of the parent molecules.
Excitons, optical spectra, and electronic properties of semiconducting Hf-based MXenes
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Kolos Miroslav , Bhattacharya Sitangshu , Karlický František 
Published: March 2024

Semiconducting MXenes are an intriguing two-dimensional (2D) material class with promising electronic and optoelectronic properties. Here, we focused on recently prepared Hf-based MXenes, namely, Hf3C2O2 and Hf2CO2. Using the first-principles calculation and excited state corrections, we proved their dynamical stability, reconciled their semiconducting behavior, and obtained fundamental gaps by using the many-body GW method (indirect 1.1 and 2.2 eV; direct 1.4 and 3.5 eV). Using the Bethe–Salpeter equation, we subsequently provided optical gaps (0.9 and 2.7 eV, respectively), exciton binding energies, absorption spectra, and other properties of excitons in both Hf-based MXenes. The indirect character of both 2D materials further allowed for a significant decrease of excitation energies by considering indirect excitons with exciton momentum along the Γ-M path in the Brillouin zone. The first bright excitons are strongly delocalized in real space while contributed by only a limited number of electron–hole pairs around the M point in the k-space from the valence and conduction band. A diverse range of excitonic states in Hf3C2O2 MXene lead to a 4% and 13% absorptance for the first and second peaks in the infrared region of absorption spectra, respectively. In contrast, a prominent 28% absorptance peak in the visible region appears in Hf2CO2 MXene. Results from radiative lifetime calculations indicate the promising potential of these materials in optoelectric devices requiring sustained and efficient exciton behavior.