bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for homogenization of complex daily mean temperature data: Application at Beijing Observatory (1915–2021) and trend analysis
Authors: Chen Jing , Hu Tianjie , Wang Ji , Yan Zhongwei , Li Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA homogenized daily mean temperature series from 1915 to 2021 at Beijing Observatory (BO) has been developed. A thorough investigation of observation records and historical metadata was carried out to identify specific non‐climatic biases. The inhomogeneities were detected and adjusted with the optimally selected reference stations using a statistical reduction methodology. The results indicated three types of non‐climatic biases in temperature records: the first was the relocation of BO from suburban to urban, which caused positive shifts in temperature records, especially for wintertime; the second arose from different methods for calculating daily mean temperature, which caused different sign biases varying with months; and the last was caused by the transition from manual to automatic measurements with site‐specific biases. The corresponding adjustments due to three type biases ranged from −1.13 to 0.63, −0.29 to 0.23 and −0.13 to 0.00°C, respectively. The new homogenized annual mean temperature series showed a warming trend of 0.199°C/decade during 1915–2021. The trend was more pronounced in winter than in the other three seasons. The warming trend in the new series is greater than those in the previous homogenized series (0.136–0.177°C/decade), primarily due to the more effective adjustment associated with the site relocation, particularly for more urban locations.
Determination of preoperative risk factors for iliopsoas tendonitis after total hip arthroplasty: A simulation study
Authors: Hardwick‐Morris Max , Twiggs Joshua , Miles Brad , Al‐Dirini Rami M. A. , Taylor Mark , Balakumar Jitendra , Walter William L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to identify preoperative risk factors for iliopsoas tendonitis after total hip arthroplasty, a complication typically attributed to acetabular cup position and orientation, using a validated iliopsoas impingement detection simulation. Analyzing CT scans and X‐rays of 448 patients using a validated preoperative planning protocol, patients were simulated for iliopsoas impingement and categorized into at‐risk and not at‐risk groups based on a prior validation study, with a 23% at‐risk incidence. Implementing a propensity score matching algorithm to reduce covariate imbalance, we identified factors that may exacerbate risk of iliopsoas tendonitis. Parameters that were investigated included standing pelvic tilt, functional femoral rotation, and the difference between the planned acetabular cup diameter and native femoral head diameter (ΔC‐NFH). Comparing pelvic tilt, we found a significant difference between the groups (at‐risk: −6.0°, not at‐risk: −0.7°; p << 0.01). A similar trend was noted for ΔC‐NFH (at‐risk: +5.7 mm, not at‐risk: +5.1 mm; p = 0.01). Additional simulations of at‐risk patients indicated increased anteversion of the acetabular cup reduces impingement risk more effectively than medialisation. These findings suggest that spinopelvic parameters may exacerbate iliopsoas irritation risk, underscoring their importance in preoperative planning and patient expectation management. Similar findings of a greater than 6 mm difference between cup size and native femoral head diameter being a significant risk for iliopsoas tendonitis have been observed before, underscoring its potential veracity. These results may provide surgeons with a simple threshold that can be used in determining a cup size to reduce the risk of iliopsoas tendonitis.
Mineral supplementation for very preterm infants fed fortified human milk
Authors: Simonsen Marie Bendix , Kappel Susanne Soendergaard , Aunsholt Lise , Möller Sören , Sangild Per Torp , Zachariassen Gitte 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe safety and feasibility of human milk fortification with bovine colostrum (BC) were investigated in very preterm infants (FortiColos trial, NCT03537365). The BC product contained lower calcium, phosphate, and iron levels compared to the conventional fortifier (CF). We tested whether fortification with BC plus extra phosphate was sufficient to support the infants' mineral status assessed by blood biochemistry.MethodsIn a randomised controlled trial (FortiColos, NCT03537365), mineral status was compared after fortification with BC versus CF. Blood calcium, phosphate, and haemoglobin were determined before and up to 3 weeks after the start of fortification (at the mean age of 8–9 days). The maximum supplemental doses of calcium, phosphate, and iron given were retrieved from patient medical records. Results were adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, and enteral nutrition with the mother's own milk and/or donor human milk.ResultsBlood values of calcium, phosphate, and haemoglobin were similar between groups. Infants in both groups required supplementation with calcium and phosphate, but infants fed BC required higher maximum doses of phosphate and calcium (p < 0.05) to maintain acceptable blood values. Regardless of fortification groups, the most immature (<29 weeks of gestation) and small for gestational age infants showed a higher risk for requiring additional phosphate (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9, p < 0.001; OR: 2.14, p = 0.07, respectively).ConclusionsThe use of BC as a fortifier for human milk requires additional phosphate and calcium relative to a CF. Regardless of the fortification product, the most immature and small infants require additional mineral supplementation.
Out‐of‐pocket expenses and parent reported quality of life in children with cow's milk protein allergy in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Fakih‐Botero Isabella , Cerchiaro‐Mejia Maria Camila , Rusinque Maria Juliana , Palacios‐Ariza María Alejandra , Plata‐Garcia Clara Eugenia , Peña‐Hernández Stephania 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the out‐of‐pocket expenses and parent‐reported quality of life (QoL) of children with a diagnosis of cow's milk protein allergy between the ages of 0 and 5 using the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire – Parent Form.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in two tertiary care centers in Bogotá. Demographic, medical information, and QoL scores were collected by parental interview. We carried out a cost‐of‐illness analysis based on self‐reported out‐of‐pocket expenses attributed to the treatment as a whole and the family's monthly income. Exploratory analyses used the QoL scores and the percentage of out‐of‐pocket expenses attributable to treatment as outcomes.Results122 families were analyzed. Median subject age was 17 months (Q1–Q3: 11–26.75 months) and female subjects made up 71% of the sample. The median QoL score was 3.21 points (Q1–Q3: 2.43–4.34) and only differed by age groups and personal history of other food allergies. The median out‐of‐pocket treatment related costs was 300,000 Colombian pesos (COP) (Q1–Q3: 280,000–340,000 COP). About 17% of the families had to pay over 15% of their monthly income to purchase food and dietary products. Out‐of‐pocket treatment related costs differed depending on whether the treatment included formulas (Mann–Whitney test p < 0.001). Out‐of‐pocket treatment expenses were uncorrelated with the QoL scores.ConclusionFood allergy related QoL scores were not associated with out‐of‐pocket expenses as a whole or as a fraction of monthly income but were higher in children with additional food allergies and in older age groups, suggesting a lower QoL.
The roles of seagrass litter decomposition in determining blue carbon sink capacity
Authors: Suonan Zhaxi , Kim Seung Hyeon , Yue Shidong , Jo Eunhye , Zhang Fei , Kim Hyegwang , Qin Le‐Zheng , Cha Jaeho , Zhou Yi , Lee Kun‐Seop 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeagrass litter is a crucial autochthonous source of sediment organic carbon (Corg) that contributes to Corg storage in coastal ecosystems. However, our understanding of seagrass litter decomposition effects on sediment Corg sequestration and the factors influencing the capacity for autochthonous carbon sequestration remains limited. We investigated Zostera marina litter decomposition dynamics in eelgrass meadows along the Korean coast by monitoring changes in the remaining litter mass and autochthonous Corg during the decomposition process. We used a double‐component exponential decay models to characterize the decomposition dynamics and estimate the autochthonous Corg remaining. We also identified potential factors affecting litter decay and Corg accumulation in sediments by examining site‐specific physicochemical properties. Our findings revealed that double‐component models effectively characterized litter decomposition dynamics and indicated greater preservation of litter‐derived slowly degrading Corg in sediments. The reduced decomposition of litter materials owing to low oxygen availability in the muddy sediments led to greater retention of litter mass and litter‐derived Corg in sediments. The anoxic conditions of below‐ground litterbags, compared with above‐ground litterbags, could be alleviated by the oxygen transport through fresh Z. marina roots, thereby potentially stimulating the microbial decomposition of Z. marina below‐ground litter materials at these sites. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding litter decomposition dynamics to accurately assess the carbon sink capacity of seagrass meadows, and demonstrate that physicochemical properties can influence seagrass litter decomposition.
Quantum Cascade Surface Emitting Lasers
Authors: Stark David , Kapsalidis Filippos , Markmann Sergej , Bertrand Mathieu , Marzban Bahareh , Gini Emilio , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA low‐cost single frequency laser, emitting in the mid‐infrared spectral region and dissipating minimal electrical power, is a key ingredient for the next generation of portable gas sensors for high‐volume applications involving chemical sensing of important greenhouse and pollutant gases. Herein, a Quantum Cascade Surface Emitting Laser (QCSEL) is proposed, which is implemented as a short linear cavity with high reflectivity coated end‐mirrors to suppress any edge emission and employs a buried semiconductor diffraction grating to extract the light from the surface. By wafer‐level testing, the cavity length scaling is investigated, mirror reflectivities larger than 0.9 are extracted, and a pulsed threshold power dissipation of 237 mW for an emission wavelength near 7.5 µm is achieved. Finally, single‐mode emission with a side‐mode suppression ratio larger than 33 dB is demonstrated for a 248 µm short cavity, which is mounted with the epitaxial layer up and operated in continuous wave at 20 .
Improved Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Polycrystalline Perovskite Films by the Dual‐Site Synergistic Passivation Effects of ZnS
Authors: Zhu Liangliang , Huang Shuai , Liu Yue , Li Ruixuan , Zhang Guangyin , Chen Yanzhong , Dong Guifang , Zhang Xinping , Guan Baolu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHalide perovskite materials are considered a promising optical gain medium for stimulated emission and have aroused tremendous interest in the field of laser research. The development of low‐threshold optically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is critical for the advancement of continuous wave (CW) and electrically pumped micro‐nano lasers. In this work, an efficient ZnS additive is incorporated into the FA0.85MA0.15PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite films to diminish the ASE threshold and extend the photostability by the dual‐site synergistic passivation. The experimental measurements and first‐principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) are employed to elucidate the doping mechanism. The designed ZnS‐based perovskite films yield a mitigated ASE threshold of 8.5 µJ cm−2 with an elevated optical gain coefficient of 109.06 cm−1, which outperform those of the control films (12.7 µJ cm−2 and 74.10 cm−1). The in‐depth experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations have corroborated that the improvement of ASE performance can be ascribed to the dual‐site synergistic passivation effects of Zn2+ and S2−, which reduces the surface defects of perovskite films, suppresses the nonradiative charge recombination and improves the optical stability. This work provides a resultful strategy to construct the solution‐processed perovskite lasers with low thresholds and superior stability.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Orthostatic Tremor: An Observational Study
Authors: Babeliowsky Wietske A. , Bot Maarten , Potters Wouter V. , van den Munckhof Pepijn , Blok Edwin R. , de Bie Rob M.A. , Schuurman Rick , van Rootselaar Anne‐Fleur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary orthostatic tremor (OT) can affect patients’ life. Treatment of OT with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) is described in a limited number of patients. The Vim and posterior subthalamic area (PSA) can be targeted in a single trajectory, allowing both stimulation of the Vim and/or dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRT). In essential tremor this is currently often used with positive effects.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Vim/DRT‐DBS in OT‐patients, based on standing time and Quality of Life (QoL), also on the long‐term. Furthermore, to relate stimulation of the Vim and DRT, medial lemniscus (ML) and pyramidal tract (PT) to beneficial clinical and side‐effects.MethodsNine severely affected OT‐patients received bilateral Vim/DRT‐DBS. Primary outcome measure was standing time; secondary measures included self‐reported measures, neurophysiological measures, structural analyses, surgical complications, stimulation‐induced side‐effects, and QoL up to 56 months. Stimulation of volume of tissue activated (VTA) were related to outcome measures.ResultsAverage maximum standing time increased from 41.0 s ± 51.0 s to 109.3 s ± 65.0 s after 18 months, with improvements measured in seven of nine patients. VTA (n = 7) overlapped with the DRT in six patients and with the ML and/or PT in six patients. All patients experienced side‐effects and QoL worsened during the first year after surgery, which improved again during long‐term follow‐up, although remaining below age‐related normal values. Most patients reported a positive effect of DBS.ConclusionVim/DRT‐DBS improved standing time in patients with severe OT. Observed side‐effects are possibly related to stimulation of the ML and PT.
The clinical value of optical genome mapping in the rapid characterization of RB1 duplication and 15q23q24.2 triplication, for more appropriate prenatal genetic counselling
Authors: Bouassida Malek , Molina‐Gomes Denise , Koraichi Fairouz , Hervé Bérénice , Lhuilier Morgane , Duvillier Clémence , Le Gall Jessica , Gauthier‐Villars Marion , Serazin Valérie , Quibel Thibaud , Dard Rodolphe , Vialard François 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent advances in prenatal genetic diagnosis, medical geneticists still face considerable difficulty in interpreting the clinical outcome of copy‐number‐variant duplications and defining the mechanisms underlying the formation of certain chromosomal rearrangements.Optical genome mapping (OGM) is an emerging cytogenomic tool with proved ability to identify the full spectrum of cytogenetic aberrations.MethodsHere, we report on the use of OGM in a prenatal diagnosis setting. Detailed breakpoint mapping was used to determine the relative orientations of triplicated and duplicated segments in two unrelated foetuses harbouring chromosomal aberrations: a de novo 15q23q24.2 triplication and a paternally inherited 13q14.2 duplication that overlapped partially with the RB1 gene.ResultsOGM enabled us to suggest a plausible mechanism for the triplication and confirmed that the RB1 duplication was direct oriented and in tandem. This enabled us to predict the pathogenic consequences, refine the prognosis and adapt the follow‐up and familial screening appropriately.ConclusionAlong with an increase in diagnostic rates, OGM can rapidly highlight genotype–phenotype correlations, improve genetic counselling and significantly influence prenatal management.
Dose rate conversion coefficients for ocular contamination in nuclear medicine: A Monte Carlo simulation with experimental validation
Authors: Hoeijmakers Eva J. I. , Hoenen Kes , Bauwens Matthias , Eekers Daniëlle B. P. , Jeukens Cécile R. L. P. N. , Wierts Roel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSince 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended an annual eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv for radiation workers, averaged over 5 years, with no year exceeding 50 mSv. However, limited research has been conducted on dose rate conversion coefficients (DCCs) for direct contamination of the eye.PurposeThis study aimed to accurately determine DCCs for the eye lens and cornea for ocular contamination with radionuclides used in nuclear medicine.MethodsDCCs for 37 radionuclides used in nuclear medicine were determined using two different methods. Method 1 involved conducting Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of an ICRU cylinder to determine the absorbed dose at a depth of 3 mm resulting from a point source. The accuracy of this simulation approach was validated by experimental thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements for 18F, 68Ga, 99mTc, and 177Lu. In method 2, average DCCs were calculated for the eye lens (complete and radiosensitive parts) and the cornea for both a point source and thin surface contamination centered on the cornea using MC simulations on the adult mesh‐type reference computational phantom of the eye from the ICRP (MRCP).ResultsDCCs determined from TLD measurements showed excellent agreement (deviations: +1.4%, +4.7%, −3.1%, and −2.5% for 18F, 68Ga, 99mTc, and 177Lu, respectively) compared to MC simulations of the experimental set‐up. For the 37 radionuclides, DCCs of the complete eye‐lens for a point source ranged from 2.53 × 10−7 to 4.15 × 10−2 mGy MBq−1 s−1 for the adult MRCPs, being substantially smaller compared to DCCs determined via MC simulations of a ICRU cylinder. In general, point source and surface contamination showed comparable DCCs for the eye lens. Radionuclides emitting low‐energy beta radiation or conversion electrons (e.g., 177Lu, 99mTc) showed low DCCs as the radiation does not penetrate to the depth of the eye lens, while radionuclides emitting high‐energy beta radiation (e.g., 90Y) showed high DCCs. Overall, DCCs for the radiosensitive part of the eye lens were larger (up to a factor of 3) compared to the complete eye lens. DCCs for the cornea were larger than for the eye lens with a factor that strongly depended on the emitted radiation type. Especially alpha emitters (e.g., 211At, 223Ra) showed high DCCs for the cornea because of the short range of alpha radiation, leading to local maxima in the cornea and not reaching the eye lens.ConclusionDCCs at a depth of 3 mm in an ICRU cylinder and adult MRCP DCCs for both the complete and sensitive parts of the eye lens and cornea were determined for 37 radionuclides having applications in nuclear medicine. These DCCs are highly useful in radiation safety assessments and radiation dose calculations in ocular contamination incidents.
Mapped material point method for large deformation problems with sharp gradients and its application to soil‐structure interactions
Authors: Zhao Yidong , Li Minchen , Jiang Chenfanfu , Choo Jinhyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe material point method (MPM) is often applied to large deformation problems that involve sharp gradients in the solution field. Representative examples in geomechanics are interactions between soils and various “structures” such as foundations, penetrometers, and machines, where the displacement fields exhibit sharp gradients around the soil‐structure interfaces. Such sharp gradients should be captured properly in the MPM discretization to ensure that the numerical solution is sufficiently accurate. In the MPM literature, several types of locally refined discretizations have been developed and used for this purpose. However, these local refinement schemes are not only quite complicated but also restricted to certain types of basis functions or update schemes. In this work, we propose a new MPM formulation, called the mapped MPM, that can efficiently capture sharp gradients with a uniform background grid compatible with every standard MPM basis function and scheme. The mapped MPM is built on the method of auxiliary mapping that reparameterizes the given problem in a different domain whereby sharp gradients become much smoother. Because the reparameterized problem is free of undesirably sharp gradients, it can be well solved with the standard MPM ingredients including a uniform background grid. We verify and demonstrate the mapped MPM through several numerical examples, with particular attention to soil‐structure interaction problems.
Transition in enuresis patients: Identifying the gaps and opportunities for the future
Authors: Karamaria Sevasti , Mauel Reiner , Van den Ende Mauro , Oosterlinck Ase , Verheye Alice , De Bruyne Elke , Degrauewe Eva , Dhondt Karlien , Dossche Lien , Raes Ann , Renson Catherine , Samijn Bieke , Spinoit Anne‐Françoise , Everaert Karel , Walle Johan Vande 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNocturnal enuresis is generally considered a children's condition, yet it may persist 1%–2% in adolescence and early adulthood. Refractory patients often demand follow‐up by multidisciplinary teams, which is only restricted to some of the expert tertiary centers. However, there are no standardized transition programs/guidelines when follow‐up must be passed from pediatric to adult healthcare providers.Aim, Materials & MethodsTo investigate this issue, we conducted a literature search on enuresis transition, which resulted in no articles. We, therefore, proceeded in a rescue search strategy: we explored papers on transition programs of conditions that may be related and/or complicated by enuresis, nocturia, or other urinary symptoms (chronic diseases, CKD, bladder dysfunction, kidney transplant, neurogenic bladder).ResultsThese programs emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach, a transition coordinator, and the importance of patient and parent participation, practices that could be adopted in enuresis. The lack of continuity in enuresis follow‐up was highlighted when we investigated who was conducting research and publishing on enuresis and nocturia. Pediatric disciplines (50%) are mostly involved in children's studies, and urologists in the adult ones (37%).DiscussionWe propose a stepwise approach for the transition of children with enuresis from pediatric to adult care, depending on the clinical subtype: from refractory patients who demand more complex, multidisciplinary care and would benefit from a transition coordinator up to children/young adults cured of enuresis but who persist in having or present lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/nocturia later on. In any case, the transition process should be initiated early at the age of 12–14 years, with adequate information to the patient and parents regarding relapses or LUTS/nocturia occurrence and of the future treating general practitioner on the enuresis characteristics and comorbidities of the patient.