bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commutable Calibrator with Value Assigned by the IFCC Reference Procedure to Harmonize Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Results Measured by 2 Different Methods
Authors: Cattozzo Giampaolo , Guerra Elena , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Franzini Carlo ,   the Enzyme Working Group of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC)
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground: The availability of commutable calibrator materials may ease considerably the task of harmonizing assay results and ensuring their traceability to reference procedures. We sought to verify the commutability of potential calibrator materials and evaluate their effectiveness in harmonizing LDH results by 2 measurement methods.Methods: We measured LDH in 109 serum samples and 31 materials, including frozen serum pools (with either normal or abnormal isoenzyme patterns), commercial stabilized materials, and the ERM-AD453/IFCC reference material. We assayed LDH activity with the IFCC reference procedure and with 2 commercial methods, 1 using the lactate-to-pyruvate (LP) reaction, and the other the pyruvate-to-lactate (PL) reaction. We selected a commutable material, with LDH value assigned by the reference procedure, as a calibrator for recalculating the results for patient sera by both LP and PL, thereby making them traceable to the IFCC reference procedure.Results: Original values for patient sera (n = 109) by the 2 commercial methods showed a mean (SD) PL/LP ratio of 1.97 (0.03); this ratio changed to 1.06 (0.02) after recalculation of results. Linear regression of PL vs LP recalibrated values gave y = 1.108x – 9.7. At the clinically important concentration of 250 U/L (upper reference limit), the systematic difference between methods was 6.8%, which met our proposed quality specifications for inaccuracy and total error.Conclusions: By properly selecting the calibrator, the results of serum LDH measurement by 2 different methods may be harmonized and made traceable to the selected highest (reference) metrological level.
N-terminal Pro-B–Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Concentrations in Hemodialysis Patients: Prognostic Value of Baseline and Follow-up Measurements
Authors: Gutiérrez Orlando M , Tamez Hector , Bhan Ishir , Zazra James , Tonelli Marcello , Wolf Myles , Januzzi James L , Chang Yuchiao , Thadhani Ravi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground: Increased N-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Previous studies focused on prevalent dialysis patients and examined single measurements of NT-proBNP in time.Methods: We measured NT-proBNP concentrations in 2990 incident hemodialysis patients to examine the risk of 90-day and 1-year mortality associated with baseline NT-proBNP concentrations. In addition, we calculated the change in concentrations after 3 months in a subset of 585 patients to examine the association between longitudinal changes in NT-proBNP and subsequent mortality.Results: Increasing quartiles of NT-proBNP were associated with a monotonic increase in 90-day [quartile 1, referent; from quartile 2 to quartile 4, hazard ratio (HR) 1.7–6.3, P &lt; 0.001] and 1-year (quartile 1, referent; from quartile 2 to quartile 4, HR 1.7–4.9, P &lt; 0.001) all-cause mortality. After multivariable adjustment, these associations remained robust. When examined using a multivariable fractional polynomial, increased NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with increased 90-day (HR per unit increase in log NT-proBNP 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7) and 1-year (HR per unit increase in log NT-proBNP 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.5) all-cause mortality. In addition, patients with the greatest increase in NT-proBNP after 3 months of dialysis had a 2.4-fold higher risk of mortality than those with the greatest decrease in NT-proBNP.Conclusions: NT-proBNP concentrations are independently associated with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, the observation that longitudinal changes in NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with subsequent mortality suggests that monitoring serial NT-proBNP concentrations may represent a novel tool for assessing adequacy and guiding therapy in patients initiating hemodialysis.
Distribution of Adiponectin, Leptin, and Metabolic Correlates of Insulin Resistance: A Longitudinal Study in British Children; 1: Prepuberty (EarlyBird 15)
Authors: Murphy Michael J , Hosking Jo , Metcalf Brad S , Voss Linda D , Jeffery Alison N , Sattar Naveed , Williams Roger , Jeffery Jinny , Wilkin Terence J 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground: The emergence of type 2 diabetes in young populations has mirrored a rising prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance during childhood and adolescence. At the same time, the role of adipokines as links between obesity and insulin resistance is becoming more appreciated. We sought to establish age- and sex-specific distributions of metabolic correlates of insulin resistance in healthy prepubertal children.Methods: We collected fasting blood samples from a contemporary cohort of 307 British children at ages 5, 6, 7, and 8 years and measured insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol, urate, glycohemoglobin, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), leptin, and adiponectin. We used homeostasis model assessment (HOMA 2) to estimate insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and β-cell function (HOMA-%B). Anthropometric measures included body mass index.Results: Body mass index increased from age 5 to 8 years (P &lt; 0.001). HOMA-%B decreased (P &lt; 0.001) and HOMA-%S increased (P &lt; 0.05), but glucose also increased (P &lt; 0.001) whereas glycohemoglobin decreased (P &lt; 0.001). Consistent with the rise in insulin sensitivity, HDL cholesterol increased (P &lt; 0.001) and triglycerides decreased (NS), whereas adiponectin decreased (P = 0.02). The patterns were similar in boys and girls, although girls were less insulin sensitive throughout. Accordingly, triglycerides tended to be higher in the girls, and HDL cholesterol and SHBG lower.Conclusions: The metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance appear to be more advanced in girls. Markers of metabolic health improve in both sexes from 5 to 8 years, despite rising adiposity.
Increased Second Trimester Maternal Glucose Levels Are Related to Extremely Large-for-Gestational-Age Infants in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kerssen Anneloes , de Valk Harold W. , Visser Gerard H.A. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants (birth weight ≥90th centile) are a continuing problem in pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes. We used the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) to assess the relationship between 24-h diurnal glucose profiles in all three trimesters of pregnancy and infant birth weight.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twenty-nine pregnant women with type 1 diabetes used the CGMS during each trimester of pregnancy. The glucose profiles of the women with a normal-weight infant or an LGA infant were compared.
RESULTS—Of the women with type 1 diabetes, 48% gave birth to an LGA infant. Fifty percent of these infants were already large for dates on ultrasound at &lt;30 weeks of gestation (early LGA), and all these infants had a birth weight ≥97.7th centile. The diurnal glucose profiles show that the mothers of early LGA infants had elevated glucose levels for most of the day during the second trimester (P &lt; 0.05). The median 24-h glucose level was significantly higher in women who gave birth to early LGA infants in all three trimesters of pregnancy (6.7, 8.3, and 6.5 mmol/l for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively). Within the group of women with early LGA infants, the second trimester median glucose level was significantly higher than that in the first and third trimester (P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—In women with type 1 diabetes, extreme growth of the fetus starts early in pregnancy and is likely caused by increased maternal glucose levels. Further investigation is needed to see whether early tight glycemic control will reduce the number of extreme LGA infants.
Randomized Efficacy Trial of Early Preconception Counseling for Diabetic Teens (READY-Girls)
Authors: Charron-Prochownik Denise , Ferons-Hannan Margaret , Sereika Susan , Becker Dorothy 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To develop and assess the feasibility of an early preconception counseling program for adolescents called READY-Girls (Reproductive-health Education and Awareness of Diabetes in Youth for Girls).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 53 adolescent females with type 1 diabetes between 16 and 19.9 years of age were randomized into groups receiving a CD-ROM, a book, or standard care (control) and given one comprehensive session. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately after, and at 3 months.
RESULTS—Teens who received the CD and those who received the book demonstrated significant (P ≤ 0.05) sustained improvement (over 3 months) in knowledge, perceived benefits of both receiving preconception counseling and using effective family planning, and perceived more support with reproductive health issues.
CONCLUSIONS—Clinical feasibility of the program was demonstrated. Both the CD and the book appeared to be efficacious formats for the short term. Future studies should examine repeated boosters of a CD and a book, which are not meant to replace but rather to reinforce and supplement health professional education.
Increased Shear Rate Resistance and Fastest Kinetics of Erythrocyte Aggregation in Diabetes Measured With Ultrasound
Authors: Cloutier Guy , Zimmer Audrey , Yu François T.H. , Chiasson Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To measure with ultrasound the increased erythrocyte aggregation (EA) kinetics and adhesion energy between erythrocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes and poor metabolic control.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Blood samples were analyzed in a Couette rheometer at 32 MHz following shear rate reductions from 500 s−1 to residual shears of 0 (stasis), 1, 2, 10, 50, 100, and 200 s−1. The increase in EA was determined with the integrated backscatter coefficient as a function of time and shear rate.
RESULTS—The time required to form aggregates was shorter in diabetic patients at shear rates below 200 s−1 (P &lt; 0.01). Erythrocytes formed larger aggregates in diabetic patients than in control subjects (P &lt; 0.05 at 2 to 100 s−1).
CONCLUSIONS—Ultrasound can potentially noninvasively demonstrate, in vivo and in situ, the impact of local abnormal EA on arteriovenous flow disorders in diabetes.
Obesity and Undiagnosed Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: Wee Christina C. , Hamel Mary Beth , Huang Annong , Davis Roger B. , Mittleman Murray A. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To study whether obese individuals, who are at higher risk for diabetes and disparities in care than nonobese individuals, are more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed an analysis of 5,514 adult participants in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Particpants were interviewed about sociodemographic and medical data, including whether they had been diagnosed with diabetes, and were examined for height, weight, and fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dl or by previous physician diagnosis. After categorizing participants into normal weight, overweight, and obese according to BMI, the prevalance and diagnosis of diabetes across BMI categories was compared using χ2.
RESULTS—Of the 9.8% (weighted sample) of participants who had diabetes, based on fasting glucose levels and self-reported diagnosis, 28.1% were undiagnosed, translating to an estimated 5.2 million people in the U.S. population. The proportion undiagnosed was not significantly different among normal-weight (22.2%), overweight (32.5%), or obese adults (27.4%). Nevertheless, obese adults comprise more than half of the undiagnosed diabetes cases (2.7 million). Relative to normal-weight adults, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having undiagnosed diabetes was 1.50 (0.73–3.08) in overweight and 1.37 (0.72–2.63) in obese adults.
CONCLUSIONS—Despite a higher underlying risk of diabetes and widespread clinical recognition of this higher risk, obesity does not increase the likelihood that an individual's diabetes will be diagnosed.
The Prospective Contribution of Hostility Characteristics to High Fasting Glucose Levels
Authors: Shen Biing-Jiun , Countryman Amanda J. , Spiro Avron , Niaura Raymond 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess whether psychological constructs of hostility, anger, type A behavior pattern, and depressive symptom severity 1) were associated with concurrent and prospective fasting glucose levels and 2) whether this association was moderated by marital status.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Participants were 485 healthy men ([mean ± SD] age 59 ± 7 years) without a history of heart disease, diabetes, or taking related medications in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Their fasting glucose levels between 1986 and 1995 were examined. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to investigate whether hostility, anger, type A behavior, and depressive symptoms were associated with concurrent fasting glucose levels as well as fasting glucose 9 years later, controlling for standard sociodemographic and biomedical covariates, including baseline fasting glucose, age, education, marital status, BMI, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.
RESULTS—Although none of the psychological variables were associated with concurrent fasting glucose, Cook-Medley hostility (β = 0.105), anger (β = 0.091), and type A behavior (β = 0.152) each were associated with prospective fasting glucose 9 years later, controlling for standard covariates. Depressive symptom severity was not associated with either concurrent or follow-up glucose levels. Further analysis showed that marital status moderated the effects of these characteristics on follow-up fasting glucose such that hostility, anger, and type A behavior were significant only among those who were not married (β = 0.348, 0.444, 0.439, respectively; all P &lt;0.001).
CONCLUSIONS—Hostility, anger, and type A behavior appear to be independent risk factors for impaired glucose metabolism among unmarried older men.
Dietary Patterns, Insulin Resistance, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Whitehall II Study
Authors: McNaughton Sarah A. , Mishra Gita D. , Brunner Eric J. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to identify a dietary pattern associated with insulin resistance and investigate whether this pattern was prospectively associated with type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Analysis was based on 7,339 participants of the Whitehall II study. Dietary intake was measured using a 127-item food frequency questionnaire. We used the reduced rank regression method to determine dietary patterns using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as the intermediate or response variable. The association between the dietary pattern identified and incidence of type 2 diabetes was investigated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.
RESULTS—We identified a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of low-calorie/diet soft drinks, onions, sugar-sweetened beverages, burgers and sausages, crisps and other snacks, and white bread and low consumption of medium-/high-fiber breakfast cereals, jam, French dressing/vinaigrette, and wholemeal bread. Higher dietary pattern scores were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio for top quartile 2.95 [95% CI 2.19–3.97]; adjusted for age, sex, and energy misreporting). This relationship was attenuated after adjustment for ethnicity, employment grade, health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity) but remained significant after further adjustment for blood pressure and BMI (1.51 [1.10–2.09]).
CONCLUSIONS—A dietary pattern associated with insulin resistance predicts type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for a range of confounders. This study adds to the evidence that dietary patterns are an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Blood Glucose Awareness Training Delivered Over the Internet
Authors: Cox Daniel , Ritterband Lee , Magee Joshua , Clarke William , Gonder-Frederick Linda 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Blood glucose awareness training (BGAT), a psycho-educational intervention, trains individuals with type 1 diabetes to 1) detect/interpret internal cues to better detect extreme blood glucose levels, e.g., neurogenic and neuroglycopenic symptoms; and 2) interpret external cues to detect current and anticipate future extreme blood glucose levels, e.g., insulin timing/dose and recent self-monitoring of blood glucose results. Although outcome studies using BGAT are significant, limitations include the requirement of eight weekly meetings and limited professionals trained to deliver BGAT.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Due to the limitations mentioned above, BGAT was converted for web-based delivery. The internet allows BGAT delivery to be dynamic, engaging, convenient, and personalized. Efficacy was evaluated using a 2 (BGAThome, n = 20, vs. control, n = 20) × 2 (pre/post) design.
RESULTS—BGAThome was judged as useful and easy to use, was completed by 94% of the participants, and resulted in significant clinical improvements (P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—The internet may be an efficient and effective means of delivering diabetes interventions like BGAT.
Mitigating Case Mix Factors by Choice of Glycemic Control Performance Measure Threshold
Authors: Bainbridge Kathleen E. , Cowie Catherine C. , Rust Keith F. , Fradkin Judith E. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Performance measures are tools for assessing quality of care but may be influenced by patient factors. We investigated how currently endorsed performance measures for glycemic control in diabetes may be influenced by case mix composition. We assessed differences in A1C performance measure threshold attainment by case mix factors for A1C &gt;9% and examined how lowering the threshold to A1C &gt;8% or &gt;7% changed these differences.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 843 adults self-reporting diabetes, we computed the mean difference in A1C threshold attainment of &gt;9, &gt;8, and &gt;7% by various case mix factors. The mean difference is the average percentage point difference in threshold attainment for population groups compared with that for the overall population.
RESULTS—Diabetes medication was the only factor for which the difference in threshold attainment increased at lower thresholds, with mean differences of 5.7 percentage points at A1C &gt;9% (reference), 10.1 percentage points at A1C &gt;8% (P &lt; 0.05), and 14.1 percentage points at A1C &gt;7% (P &lt; 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS—As 87% of U.S. adults have A1C &lt;9%, a performance measure threshold of &gt;9% will not drive major improvements in glycemic control. Lower thresholds do not exacerbate differences in threshold attainment for most factors. Reporting by diabetes medication use may compensate for heterogeneous case mix when a performance measure threshold of A1C &gt;8% or lower is used.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test–Derived Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Indexes in Subjects With Glucokinase Mutations (MODY2)
Authors: Martin Delphine , Bellanné-Chantelot Christine , Deschamps Inge , Froguel Philippe , Robert Jean-Jacques , Velho Gilberto 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—We investigated the natural history of glucokinase (GCK)-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2), notably the factors associated with deterioration of hyperglycemia over time.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We report an 11-year follow-up of glucose tolerance and indexes of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance tests in 33 MODY2 subjects.
RESULTS—The variation between tests of glucose tolerance (expressed as the area under the glucose curve) was 6.9 ± 3.2% (mean ± SEM), but individual results ranged from −20 to 61%. Deterioration of glucose tolerance between tests was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity, while insulin secretion remained stable.
CONCLUSIONS—Glucose tolerance can remain stable over many years in subjects with MODY2 due to the relative stability of the GCK-related β-cell defect. However, the development of insulin resistance may have an important role in the deterioration of the glucose tolerance and in the long-term evolution of the disorder.
Prognostic Value of the Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the ACE Gene in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Hadjadj Samy , Fumeron Frédéric , Roussel Ronan , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Gallois Yves , Ankotche Amos , Travert Florence , Khalil Charbel Abi , Miot Aurélie , Alhenc-Gelas François , Lievre Michel , Marre Michel ,   on behalf of the DIABHYCAR, DIAB2NEPHROGENE, and SURDIAGENE study groups
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—We tested whether determination of the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism is useful for renal and cardiovascular prognoses of type 2 diabetic subjects.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The French participants (3,126 of 4,912) in the Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, Hypertension, Microalbuminuria or Proteinuria, Cardiovascular Events, and Ramipril (DIABHYCAR) trial were studied for their prognosis over 4 years according to their ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism. We used two cohorts of French type 2 diabetic patients for replication: a 3-year follow-up study (n = 917; Survie, Diabete de type 2 et Genetique [SURDIAGENE] study) and a case-control study on diabetic nephropathy (n = 1,277; Diabete de type 2, Nephropathie et Genetique [DIAB2NEPHROGENE] study). We investigated the effect of the insertion/deletion polymorphism on the primary outcome in the DIABHYCAR trial (defined as the first of the following events to occur: cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure leading to hospital admission, or end-stage renal failure) and its components.
RESULTS—In DIABHYCAR, the primary outcome and most of its components were not affected by the ACE insertion/deletion genotype. Only renal outcome was favored by the I allele (P = 0.03). The risk of myocardial infarction was not affected by ACE genotype, but the probability of fatal outcome increased with the number of D alleles (P &lt; 0.03). In SURDIAGENE, the association between the ACE I allele and renal outcome was not replicated. In DIAB2NEPHROGENE, no association was found with nephropathy.
CONCLUSIONS—We were not able to demonstrate the manifest usefulness of the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism for the prognosis of type 2 diabetic subjects.