bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal drought promotes citrate accumulation in citrus fruit through the CsABF3‐activated CsAN1‐CsPH8 pathway
Authors: Ma Xiaochuan , Sheng Ling , Li Feifei , Zhou Tie , Guo Jing , Chang Yuanyuan , Yang Junfeng , Jin Yan , Chen Yuewen , Lu Xiaopeng 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Plenty of rainfall but unevenly seasonal distribution happens regularly in southern China. Seasonal drought from summer to early autumn leads to citrus fruit acidification, but how seasonal drought regulates citrate accumulation remains unknown.

Herein, we employed a set of physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to reveal that CsABF3 responds to seasonal drought stress and modulates citrate accumulation in citrus fruits by directly regulating CsAN1 and CsPH8.

Here, we demonstrated that irreversible acidification of citrus fruits is caused by drought lasting for > 30 d during the fruit enlargement stage. We investigated the transcriptome characteristics of fruits affected by drought and corroborated the pivotal roles of a bHLH transcription factor (CsAN1) and a P3A‐ATPase gene (CsPH8) in regulating citrate accumulation in response to drought. Abscisic acid (ABA)‐responsive element binding factor 3 (CsABF3) was upregulated by drought in an ABA‐dependent manner. CsABF3 activated CsAN1 and CsPH8 expression by directly and specifically binding to the ABA‐responsive elements (ABREs) in the promoters and positively regulated citrate accumulation.

Taken together, this study sheds new light on the regulatory module ABA‐CsABF3‐CsAN1‐CsPH8 responsible for citrate accumulation under drought stress, which advances our understanding of quality formation of citrus fruit.
The receptor kinase RiSho1 in Rhizophagus irregularis regulates arbuscule development and drought tolerance during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Wang Sijia , Han Lina , Ren Ying , Hu Wentao , Xie Xianan , Chen Hui , Tang Ming 
Published: March 2024

Summary

In terrestrial ecosystems, most plant species can form beneficial associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit plant nutrient acquisition and enhance plant tolerance to drought. The high osmolarity glycerol 1 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (HOG1‐MAPK) cascade genes have been characterized in Rhizophagus irregularis. However, the upstream receptor of the HOG1‐MAPK cascade remains to be investigated.

We identify the receptor kinase RiSho1 from R. irregularis, containing four transmembrane domains and one Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, corresponding to the homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Higher expression levels of RiSho1 were detected during the in planta phase in response to drought. RiSho1 protein was localized in the plasma membrane of yeast, and interacted with the HOG1‐MAPK module RiPbs2 directly by protein–protein interaction.

RiSho1 complemented the growth defect of the yeast mutant ∆sho1 under sorbitol conditions. Knock‐down of RiSho1 led to the decreased expression of downstream HOG1‐MAPK cascade (RiSte11, RiPbs2, RiHog1) and drought‐resistant genes (RiAQPs, RiTPSs, RiNTH1 and Ri14‐3‐3), hampered arbuscule development and decreased plants antioxidation ability under drought stress.

Our study reveals the role of RiSho1 in regulating arbuscule development and drought‐resistant genes via the HOG1‐MAPK cascade. These findings provide new perspectives on the mechanisms by which AM fungi respond to drought.
Fertility Postponement, Economic Uncertainty, and the Increasing Income Prerequisites of Parenthood
Authors: van Wijk Daniël , Billari Francesco C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRich societies have witnessed a postponement of parenthood over the past two decades, and young adults’ economic conditions are often invoked to explain this trend. However, macro‐level trends in both “subjective” perceptions of economic uncertainty and “objective” measures of actual income provide no satisfactory explanation for the postponement of parenthood. We propose a potential solution to this puzzle by hypothesizing that the economic prerequisites of parenthood have increased over the past two decades. We expect that this has raised the degree of perceived economic certainty and the level of income that people wish to achieve before having a first child. To test this hypothesis, we draw on individual‐level longitudinal data from seven countries from the Comparative Panel File. Our findings show that young adults’ perceived economic uncertainty is not consistently associated with the transition to parenthood. Moreover, the effects of perceived economic uncertainty did not change over time. In contrast, we find consistent evidence that the link between income and first birth has become more strongly positive over the past two decades. This is true mainly for women but also for men, and suggests that increasing income prerequisites are a key mechanism behind the postponement of parenthood.
Role of skin management in the prevention of atopic dermatitis and food allergy
Authors: Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFood allergy is postulated to originate from cutaneous sensitization through a disrupted skin barrier, particularly in atopic dermatitis (AD). Strategies for food allergy prevention currently centre around early allergic food introduction, but there is now increasing evidence for the role of early skin barrier restoration in the form of prophylactic emollient therapy and early aggressive, proactive treatment of established AD for food allergy prevention. Research gaps that remain to be addressed include the type of emollient or anti‐inflammatory medication, which confers the greatest efficacy in preventive or proactive skin treatment, respectively, the duration of therapy, and the window of opportunity for these interventions.
OsCOPT7 is a copper exporter at the tonoplast and endoplasmic reticulum and controls Cu translocation to the shoots and grain of rice
Authors: Tang Zhong , Li Ya‐Fang , Zhang Zhi‐Hao , Huang Xin‐Yuan , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms but is also highly toxic in excess. Cellular homoeostasis of Cu is maintained by various transporters and metallochaperones. Here, we investigated the biological function of OsCOPT7, a member of the copper transporters (COPT) family, in Cu homoeostasis in rice. OsCOPT7 was mainly expressed in the roots and the expression was upregulated by Cu deficiency. OsCOPT7 was localized at the tonoplast and the endoplasmic reticulum. Knockout of OsCOPT7 increased Cu accumulation in the roots but decreased Cu concentrations in the shoots and grain. The knockout mutants contained higher concentrations of Cu in the roots cell sap but markedly lower concentrations of Cu in the xylem sap than wild‐type plants. Seed setting and grain yield were reduced significantly in the knockout mutants grown in a low Cu soil. Knockout mutants were more tolerant to Cu toxicity. Yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that OsCOPT7 interacts physically with the rice Cu chaperone antioxidant protein 1 (OsATX1). Taken together, our results indicate that OsCOPT7 is a specific Cu transporter functioning to export Cu from the vacuoles and the ER and plays an important role in controlling the root‐to‐shoot Cu translocation in rice.
Volatile‐mediated oviposition preference for healthy over root‐infested plants by the European corn borer
Authors: Hajdu Csengele , Molnár Béla Péter , Waterman Jamie M. , Machado Ricardo Alberto Ruiz , Radványi Dalma , Fónagy Adrien , Khan Sheharyar Ahmed , Vassor Thibault , Biet Baptiste , Erb Matthias , Kárpáti Zsolt , Robert Christelle Aurélie Maud 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe selection of oviposition sites by female moths is crucial in shaping their progeny performance and survival, and consequently in determining insect fitness. Selecting suitable plants that promote the performance of the progeny is referred to as the Preference−Performance hypothesis (or ‘mother‐knows‐best’). While root infestation generally reduces the performance of leaf herbivores, little is known about its impact on female oviposition. We investigated whether maize root infestation by the Western corn rootworm (WCR) affects the oviposition preference and larval performance of the European corn borer (ECB). ECB females used leaf volatiles to select healthy plants over WCR‐infested plants. Undecane, a compound absent from the volatile bouquet of healthy plants, was the sole compound to be upregulated upon root infestation and acted as a repellent for first oviposition. ECB larvae yet performed better on plants infested below‐ground than on healthy plants, suggesting an example of ‘bad motherhood’. The increased ECB performance on WCR‐infested plants was mirrored by an increased leaf consumption, and no changes in the plant primary or secondary metabolism were detected. Understanding plant‐mediated interactions between above‐ and below‐ground herbivores may help to predict oviposition decisions, and ultimately, to manage pest outbreaks in the field.
Distal toxic acral erythema and mucositis secondary to 6‐mercaptopurine in a thiopurine methyltransferase “super shunter”
Authors: Smith Sydney , Grove Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractToxic erythema of chemotherapy is a broad but useful diagnosis used to summate the non‐infectious, non‐allergic, and reproducible reaction of certain chemotherapeutics. Due to overlapping chemotherapy side effects and often multiple drug exposures, identification of a singular culprit drug is challenging for dermatologists. Herein, we report a patient with 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) toxic erythema confirmed via toxic metabolite markers secondary to increased levels of thiopurine methyltransferase activity, or so called “super shunting.” Consulting dermatologists should be aware of “super shunting” in pediatric patients and consider testing for metabolites in patients with toxic acral erythema and mucositis in the setting of 6‐MP.
Ovarian cancer awareness of women in Turkey: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ugurlu Meltem , Aydin Ruveyde , Sahan Fatma Uslu , Vural Gulsen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeEarly diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) increases survival rates; however, due to low awareness levels, women may be diagnosed with OC at the advanced stage. The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to reveal the OC awareness of Turkish women and affecting factors.MethodsParticipants were invited to study via social media tools between February‐June 2022. Data was collected with Personal Information Form and the “OC Awareness Scale” from 446 women.Results81% of the participants did not recall OC symptoms, 80.8% recognized OC risk factors. The most frequently recalled and recognized OC symptom is pelvic pain (19.8%; 55.8%, respectively). The most frequently recalled and recognized OC risk factors were smoking (43.1%, 67.9%, respectively) and family history (39%, 58.7%, respectively). 2% of the participants felt very confident in recognizing the signs, 72.9% would seek help within 1–2 days when they recognized the signs of OC.ConclusionsThe awareness of OC was higher among women who had advanced age, higher education, family history and were in menopause. Turkish women have low level of awareness and knowledge about OC symptoms and risk factors. There is an urgent need for an OC awareness campaign that takes into account the socio‐demographic characteristics of women. The results of the study may also guide strategies to prevent OC.
Molecular pathological approach to cancer epigenomics and its clinical application
Authors: Kanai Yae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCareful microscopic observation of histopathological specimens, accumulation of large numbers of high‐quality tissue specimens, and analysis of molecular pathology in relation to morphological features are considered to yield realistic data on the nature of multistage carcinogenesis. Since the morphological hallmark of cancer is disruption of the normal histological structure maintained through cell−cell adhesiveness and cellular polarity, attempts have been made to investigate abnormalities of the cadherin‐catenin cell adhesion system in human cancer cells. It has been shown that the CDH1 tumor suppressor gene encoding E‐cadherin is silenced by DNA methylation, suggesting that a “double hit” involving DNA methylation and loss of heterozygosity leads to carcinogenesis. Therefore, in the 1990s, we focused on epigenomic mechanisms, which until then had not received much attention. In chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis virus infection, DNA methylation abnormalities were found to occur frequently, being one of the earliest indications that such abnormalities are present even in precancerous tissue. Aberrant expression and splicing of DNA methyltransferases, such as DNMT1 and DNMT3B, was found to underlie the mechanism of DNA methylation alterations in various organs. The CpG island methylator phenotype in renal cell carcinoma was identified for the first time, and its therapeutic targets were identified by multilayer omics analysis. Furthermore, the DNA methylation profile of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma was clarified in groundbreaking studies. Since then, we have developed diagnostic markers for carcinogenesis risk in NASH patients and noninvasive diagnostic markers for upper urinary tract cancer, as well as developing a new high‐performance liquid chromatography‐based diagnostic system for DNA methylation diagnosis. Research on the cancer epigenome has revealed that DNA methylation alterations occur from the precancerous stage as a result of exposure to carcinogenic factors such as inflammation, smoking, and viral infections, and continuously contribute to multistage carcinogenesis through aberrant expression of cancer‐related genes and genomic instability. DNA methylation alterations at the precancerous stages are inherited by or strengthened in cancers themselves and determine the clinicopathological aggressiveness of cancers as well as patient outcome. DNA methylation alterations have applications as biomarkers, and are expected to contribute to diagnosis, as well as preventive and preemptive medicine.
Uncivil yet persuasive? Testing the persuasiveness of political incivility and the moderating role of populist attitudes and personality traits
Authors: Vargiu Chiara , Nai Alessandro , Valli Chiara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolitical incivility—that is, treating political opponents with disrespect—and its consequences are increasingly investigated. This article examines the effect of incivility on message persuasiveness and the moderating role of populist attitudes and personality traits. We test these relationships via original experimental data collected in Switzerland (Study 1, N = 1340) and the United States (Study 2, N = 1820, preregistered). In both studies, participants were asked their opinion about a controversial political issue, presented with persuasive information framed either civilly or uncivilly, and asked again their opinion about the issue to assess whether they changed their mind. Results of a between‐subject design show that incivility does not necessarily undermine the message's persuasiveness, contrary to what we expected. Notably, uncivil messages resonated more with those respondents exhibiting higher levels of populist attitudes (Study 2) and darker personality traits (both studies). Our results further suggest a connection between incivility, message congruence, and particularly cultural context, which warrants further investigations.
Affective polarization within parties
Authors: Young David J. , de‐Wit Lee H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolitics is increasingly a major source of social division, and party identities are theorized to be major drives of political hostility. However, parties often contain factions who are deeply hostile towards one another. Currently, we do not know whether hostility between factions within parties can be as intense as hostility between parties. In this article we compare, for the major parties in Britain (Ns = 522; 568) and the United States (N = 443), the affect that partisans feel towards factions within their own party and factions in rival parties. We find that within‐party affective polarization effects are large on average (d = 0.8) and sometimes very large (d > 1.2), that they are usually smaller than between‐party effects but can equal or exceed them, and, in several cases, factions prefer an out‐party faction over their in‐party rivals. These findings demonstrate that strong affective polarization can emerge between groups who share party identities, highlighting the importance of factions in political psychology and raising questions about the effect of party identities on affective polarization.
Sequence similarity networks bear out hierarchical relationships of green cytochrome P450
Authors: Dhabalia Ashok Amra , Freitag Jella N. , Irisarri Iker , de Vries Sophie , de Vries Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLand plants have diversified enzyme families. One of the most prominent is the cytochrome P450 (CYP or CYP450) family. With over 443,000 CYP proteins sequenced across the tree of life, CYPs are ubiquitous in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Here, we focused on land plants and algae to study the role of CYP diversification. CYPs, acting as monooxygenases, catalyze hydroxylation reactions crucial for specialized plant metabolic pathways, including detoxification and phytohormone production; the CYPome consists of one enormous superfamily that is divided into clans and families. Their evolutionary history speaks of high substrate promiscuity; radiation and functional diversification have yielded numerous CYP families. To understand the evolutionary relationships within the CYPs, we employed sequence similarity network analyses. We recovered distinct clusters representing different CYP families, reflecting their diversified sequences that we link to the prediction of functionalities. Hierarchical clustering and phylogenetic analysis further elucidated relationships between CYP clans, uncovering their shared deep evolutionary history. We explored the distribution and diversification of CYP subfamilies across plant and algal lineages, uncovering novel candidates and providing insights into the evolution of these enzyme families. This identified unexpected relationships between CYP families, such as the link between CYP82 and CYP74, shedding light on their roles in plant defense signaling pathways. Our approach provides a methodology that brings insights into the emergence of new functions within the CYP450 family, contributing to the evolutionary history of plants and algae. These insights can be further validated and implemented via experimental setups under various external conditions.
Survey on the attitudes and perceptions of Swiss dental practitioners and dental students toward treating patients with disabilities and sensory impairments
Authors: Takeshita Lisa , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThis study evaluated the attitudes and perceptions of private dental practitioners (PPs) and students on treating patients with disabilities and sensory impairments.Methods and resultsA multifaceted questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ attitudes on providing care to persons with disabilities and sensory impairments [visual (VI) and hearing (HI)]. The survey evaluated different aspects of the participants’ attitudes that included integrity, altruism, perceived barriers, and theory of planned behavior (TPB). One hundred twenty participants [students: n = 73, practitioners (PP): n = 47), with a mean‐age of 27.7 ± 5.3 years, completed the survey (response rate: 100%). Fourth‐year students scored better than the PP in integrity (p = .019). For altruism, the students scored better than PPs (vs. fourth‐year: p = .009, vs. fifth‐year: p = .031). There were no differences between the participant groups for the overall assessments of the TPB (p = .213), VI (p = .863), and HI (p = .261).ConclusionDental practitioners and students revealed a positive attitude, with few barriers, towards treating individuals with disabilities/sensory impairments and considered the training in the field of special care dentistry as a necessary part of the dental education. Furthermore, a demand for an increase in the hands‐on practical experience in treating individuals with disabilities/sensory impairments during the undergraduate study curriculum was identified.
Effectiveness of oral health interventions among children and adolescents with mental disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Bab Noor Baiti , Rahman Raja Nur Adilah Raja Abdul , Mohamed Salina , Radzi Nawwal Alwani Mohd , Yusof Norashikin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe rising percentage of children and adolescents experiencing mental disorders brought attention to the emerging opportunities for proactive oral health interventions in this population. Currently, existing guidelines focus mainly on oral health in general practice and on adults residing in care homes. This report aims to provide a broad overview of the effectiveness of oral health interventions for children and adolescents with mental disorders.MethodThis review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses 2020) statement. The initial electronic search yielded a total of 3710 articles. The search identified 2354 potential papers after removing duplicates and 2301 articles were excluded by title and abstract. The full texts of the remaining 53 articles and nine articles from the citation searching were screened and 15 articles matched the inclusion criteria. The Mixed‐Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality appraisal.ResultsThe thematic analysis resulted in four main themes which were educational intervention, physical intervention, clinical intervention, and a combination of both educational and clinical intervention.ConclusionWe presented the findings in a narrative synthesis with the primary outcomes which served as answers to our main research question that prompted this systematic review.