bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For better or for worse: the congruence of personal and group outcomes on targets' responses to discrimination
Authors: Stroebe Katherine , Ellemers Naomi , Barreto Manuela , Mummendey Amélie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper reports two studies examining how (in‐) congruence between personal and group outcomes affects emotional well‐being, outcome attributions and procedural justice perceptions of individuals who are exposed to subtle discrimination. In Study 1 (N = 82) participants are either accepted or rejected in a (bogus) job application procedure, and either do or do not receive additional information indicating group‐level disadvantage. In Study 2 (N  = 79), participants were either accepted or rejected, and received information indicating either advantage or disadvantage for members of their group. Results of both studies reveal that not only emotional well‐being and outcome attributions, but also procedural justice perceptions are primarily guided by personal outcomes. That is, being informed of group‐level disadvantage does not intensify but can instead alleviate negative affect resulting from personal rejection. Furthermore, group disadvantage is only seen as an indicator of an unjust procedure by individual group members who have personally suffered rejection. Results are discussed in relation to current insights on discrimination, tokenism and social justice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent benefits of contact and friendship on attitudes toward homosexuals among authoritarians and highly identified heterosexuals
Authors: Hodson Gordon , Harry Hannah , Mitchell Andrea 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlthough intergroup contact is generally associated with positive intergroup attitudes, little is known about whether individual differences moderate these relations, or how contact might operate among prejudice‐prone individuals. The present investigation explores Person × Contact and Person × Friendship interaction patterns among heterosexual university students. As expected, the positive relations of right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and heterosexual identification with prejudice against homosexuals were weakened when participants reported increased contact, more positive contact, direct (personal) friendships, or indirect friendships (i.e., ingroup friends with outgroup friends) with homosexuals. These patterns held after controlling statistically for each person or situation variable. Contact and friendship exerted smaller or negligible effects among low authoritarians or low identifiers. Tests of indirect effects revealed that among high authoritarians or high identifiers, contact and friendship exerted influence on attitudes through group‐level perceptions that homosexuals promote societal values and through increased self–other overlap with gay friends, each otherwise resisted by these individuals. Overall these results suggest that: (a) intergroup contact and intergroup friendship are related but distinct constructs; and (b) past findings underestimate contact effects by collapsing across levels of personal biases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of line routing and terminations on transient overvoltages in LV power installations
Authors: Metwally Ibrahim A. , Heidler Fridolin H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIEC 62305‐4 gives the rules for the selection and the installation of surge protective devices (SPDs), where the maximum enhancement factor is considered to be equal to 2 in the worst case of open‐circuit condition. The objective of the present paper is to check this relation for equipment connected to low‐voltage (LV) power system. The LV power system is considered as TN‐S system with different routings in three‐ and six‐storey buildings. The terminals of apparatus are substituted by a variety of different loads, namely, resistances, inductances, and capacitances. All Maxwell's equations are solved by the method of moments (MoM) and the voltage is calculated at the apparatus terminals. The SPD itself is simulated by a voltage source at the ground floor. The results reveal that the voltage at the apparatus terminals may overshoot the SPD protection level by a factor of 3 irrespective of the number of floors and loops. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating turbulent Dean flow in Cartesian coordinates
Authors: El Khoury George K. , Andersson Helge I. , Pettersen Bjørnar 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA simplified approach to simulate turbulent flows in curved channels is proposed. A set of governing equations of motion in Cartesian coordinates is derived from the full Navier–Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates. Terms to first order in the dimensionless curvature parameter are retained, whereas higher‐order terms are neglected. The curvature terms are implemented in a conventional Navier–Stokes code using Cartesian coordinates. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flow in weakly curved channels are performed. The pronounced asymmetries in the mean flow and the turbulence statistics observed in earlier DNS studies are faithfully reproduced by the present simplified Navier–Stokes model. It is particularly rewarding that also distinct pairs of counter‐rotating streamwise‐oriented vortices are embedded in the simulated flow field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CpG island hypermethylation of E‐cadherin (CDH1) and integrin α4 is associated with recurrence of early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Eun Ju , Lee Bo Bin , Han Joungho , Cho Eun Yoon , Shim Young Mog , Park Joobae , Kim Duk‐Hwan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remains very poor, which is partially due to a high rate of recurrence. This study was aimed at identifying a recurrence‐associated epigenetic prognostic marker in patients with ESCC. We retrospectively analyzed the CpG island hypermethylation of the p16, Wif‐1, sFRP1, integrin α4, CDH1, DAP kinase and RARβ2 genes in 251 ESCCs. The methylation status was determined by methylation‐specific PCR. Hypermethylation was detected in 52% for p16, 25% for RARβ2, 43% for CDH1, 21% for integrin α4, 57% for sFRP1, 38% for DAP kinase and 35% for Wif‐1. Recurrence was observed in 131 (52%) of the 251 cases. For stage I cancers, CDH1 methylation was associated with a high risk of recurrence (OR = 5.26, 95% CI = 1.48–18.67; p = 0.01) and a poor recurrence‐free survival after surgery (HR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.21–8.09; p = 0.02). The hazard of failure after recurrence was about 13.17 (95% CI = 2.46–70.41; p = 0.003) times higher in patients with Wif‐1 methylation than in those without. For stage II cancers, integrin α4 methylation was associated with an increased risk of recurrence (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.09–8.37; p = 0.03) and a poor recurrence‐free survival (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.13–3.98; p = 0.03). In conclusion, the present study suggests that hypermethylation of CDH1 and integrin α4 genes may be used as recurrence‐associated prognostic indicators in stage I and stage II ESCCs, respectively. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ras‐driven proliferation and apoptosis signaling during rat liver carcinogenesis is under genetic control
Authors: Calvisi Diego F. , Pinna Federico , Pellegrino Rossella , Sanna Valeria , Sini Marcella , Daino Lucia , Simile Maria M. , De Miglio Maria R. , Frau Maddalena , Tomasi Maria L. , Seddaiu Maria A. , Muroni Maria R. , Feo Francesco , Pascale Rosa M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFast growth and deregulation of G1 and S phases characterize preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions of genetically susceptible F344 rats, whereas a G1‐S block in lesions of resistant BN rats explains their low progression capacity. However, signal transduction pathways responsible for the different propensity of lesions from the 2 rat strains to evolve to malignancy remain unknown. Here, we comparatively investigated the role of Ras/Erk pathway inhibitors, involved in growth restraint and cell death, in the acquisition of a phenotype resistant or susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis. Moderate activation of Ras, Raf‐1 and Mek proteins was paralleled in both rat models by strong induction of Dab2 and Rkip inhibitors. Levels of Dusp1, a specific ERK inhibitor, increased only in BN rat lesions, leading to modest ERK activation, whereas a progressive Dusp1 decline occurred in corresponding lesions from F344 rats and was accompanied by elevated ERK activation. Furthermore, a gradual increase of Rassf1A/Nore1A/Mst1‐driven apoptosis was detected in both rat strains, with highest levels in BN hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas loss of Dab2IP, a protein implicated in ASK1‐dependent cell death, occurred only in F344 rat HCC, resulting in significantly higher apoptosis in BN than F344 HCC. Taken together, our results indicate a control of the Ras/Erk pathway and the pro‐apoptotic Rassf1A/Nore1A and Dab2IP/Ask1 pathways by HCC susceptibility genes. Dusp1 possesses a prominent role in the acquisition of the phenotype resistant to HCC by BN rats, whereas late activation of RassF1A/Nore1A and Dab2IP/Ask1 axes is implicated in the highest apoptosis characteristic of BN HCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactotransferrin: A candidate tumor suppressor—Deficient expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and inhibition of NPC cell proliferation by modulating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Zhou Yanhong , Zeng Zhaoyang , Zhang Wenling , Xiong Wei , Wu Minghua , Tan Yixin , Yi Wei , Xiao Lan , Li Xiaoling , Huang Chen , Cao Li , Tang Ke , Li Xiayu , Shen Shourong , Li Guiyuan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLactotransferrin (LTF) has been shown to regulate tumorogenesis. However, little is known about the role of LTF in regulating the development of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of our study was to investigate whether LTF could regulate the development of NPC by characterizing the pattern of LTF expression in human NPC tissues using cDNA and tissue microarrays. Loss of LTF expression was observed in a significantly higher frequency of NPC tissues compared to that in nontumor nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. While 61.25% of NPC tissues at the T1/T2 stage were positive for LTF expression, only 40.82% of NPC at the T3/T4 stage were stained by anti‐LTF. Similarly, 41.58% of NPC with local lymph node metastasis displayed LTF expression, a value significantly lower than the 46.36% in primary tumors (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that LTF may negatively regulate the development and metastasis of NPC in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of or treatment with LTF inhibited the proliferation of NPC cells and promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in vitro. While LTF treatment downregulated expression of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), expression of p21 and p27 in 5–8F NPC cells was enhanced. Moreover, LTF treatment modulated the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but did not affect p53 and STAT3 expression in 5–8F NPC cells. Thus LTF is likely to be a candidate tumor suppressor and downregulates the development of NPC by inhibiting NPC proliferation through induction of cell cycle arrest and modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, our findings provide new insights in understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the action of LTF in regulating the development of human NPC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapeutic drugs and human tumor cells cytokine network
Authors: Levina Vera , Su Yunyun , Nolen Brian , Liu Xiaoning , Gordin Yuri , Lee Melissa , Lokshin Anna , Gorelik Elieser 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe ability of human tumor cell lines to produce various cytokines, chemokines, angiogenic and growth factors was investigated using Luminex multiplex technology. Media conditioned by tumor cells protected tumor cells from drug‐induced apoptosis and stimulated tumor cell proliferation. Antibodies neutralizing IL‐6, CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL5 blocked this stimulation. Treatment of tumor cells with doxorubicin and cisplatin resulted in a substantial increase in the production of IL‐6, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5, BFGF, G‐CSF and VEGF. This stimulation was associated with drug‐induced activation of NF‐κB, AP‐1, AP‐2, CREB, HIF‐1, STAT‐1, STAT‐3, STAT‐5 and ATF‐2 transcription factors and upregulation ofIL‐6, CXCL8, FGF‐2, CSF‐3andCCL5gene expression. Treatment of tumor cells with doxorubicin and antibodies neutralizing G‐CSF, CCL2 or CCL5 had higher inhibitory effects than each modality used alone. These results indicate that chemokines and growth factors produced by tumor by binding to the cognate receptors on tumor and stroma cells could provide proliferative and antiapoptotic signals helping tumor to escape drug‐mediated destruction. Clinical studies showed that antibodies neutralizing VEGF (Avastin/Bevacizumab) or blocking HER2/neu signaling (Herceptin/Trastuzumab) could increase the efficacy of chemotherapy, although these beneficial effects have been limited. It is possible that drug‐stimulated production of growth and proangiogenic factors could counterbalance the effects of antibody therapy. In addition, numerous growth factors and chemokines share angiogenic and growth‐stimulating properties, and thus reduction of a single factor is insufficient to completely block tumor growth. Thus, a broad disruption of tumor cytokine network is needed to further increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of repression by modified p53 on the PDGF β‐receptor promoter
Authors: Yang Weiwen , Wetterskog Daniel , Matsumoto Yoshiki , Funa Keiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHerein, we show that both exogenously transfected and endogenously activated p53 repress promoter activity and expression of PDGFRB. p53 binds the proximal promoter containing the CCAAT motif as examined by EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation. However, gradual induction of p53 in tet‐onSAOS2 cells resulted in a transient increase of the PDGFRB‐promoter activity and its expression. As binding of p53 to the promoter increased, previously bound p73, ΔNp73, c‐Myc, HDAC1 and HDAC4 were dismissed from the repressed promoter, and p300 was recruited. The transient increase of the promoter activity was therefore induced by the release of the p73, Myc and HDACs, previously shown to act as repressors to this promoter. Along with further increase of p53, p300 was replaced by HDAC1 and HDAC4, resulting in decreased PDGFRB expression. For the repression, acetylation of the C‐terminal lysines of p53 is important, and both acetyl‐K373p53 and methyl‐K370p53 became bound to the promoter. The acetyl‐K373p53 was accumulated in the nucleus and colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia protein. Mitomycin treatment of MEF induced similar epigenetic modification of p53 and its binding to the promoter chromatin. Addition of a PDGFR tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor to p53‐inducing tet‐onSAOS2 increased the number of apoptotic cells. These results suggest that p53 represses the PDGFRB promoter, facilitating the p53‐induced apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with p53 mutation or a high level of ΔNp73 or Myc could become refractory to the regulation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiostatic immune reaction in colorectal carcinoma: Impact on survival and perspectives for antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Naschberger Elisabeth , Croner Roland S. , Merkel Susanne , Dimmler Arno , Tripal Philipp , Amann Kerstin U. , Kremmer Elisabeth , Brueckl Wolfgang M. , Papadopoulos Thomas , Hohenadl Christine , Hohenberger Werner , Stürzl Michael 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAngiogenesis and inflammation are the 2 major stroma reactions in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Guanylate binding protein‐1 (GBP‐1) is a key mediator of angiostatic effects of inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that GBP‐1 may be a biomarker of intrinsic angiostasis associated with an improved outcome in CRC patients. GBP‐1 was strongly expressed in endothelial cells and immune cells in the desmoplastic stroma of 32% of CRC as determined by immunohistochemical investigation of 388 sporadic CRC. Cancer‐related 5‐year survival was highly significant (p < 0.001) increased (16.2%) in patients with GBP‐1‐positive CRC. Multivariate analysis showed that GBP‐1 is an independent prognostic factor indicating a reduction of the relative risk of cancer‐related death by the half (p = 0.032). A comparative transcriptome analysis (22,215 probe sets) of GBP‐1‐positive (n = 12) and ‐negative (n = 12) tumors showed that particularly IFN‐γ‐induced genes including the major antiangiogenic chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were coexpressed with GBP‐1. Altogether our findings indicated that GBP‐1 may be a novel biomarker and an active component of a Th‐1‐like angiostatic immune reaction in CRC. This reaction may affect patient's response to antiangiogenic therapy and the identification of such tumors may provide a novel criterion for patient selection. Moreover, the induction of a Th‐1‐like angiostatic immune reaction may be a promising approach for the clinical treatment of CRC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined NMR three‐bond scalar coupling measurements and QM calculations to calculate OH‐rotamer equilibrium of polyalcohols
Authors: Kövér Katalin E. , Beke Tamás , Lipták András , Perczel András 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA combined but independently applied NMR and QM procedure has been used to investigate the conformational properties of the exchangeable hydroxyl protons of polyalcohols. In this study, to demonstrate the applicability of such a strategy, we investigated a simple monosaccharide, i.e. α‐ and β‐anomers of a D‐glucopyranoside derivative. The redundant set of experimental vicinal homonuclear and heteronuclear scalar couplings involving the OH‐protons obtained for both anomers of our model compound were simultaneously analyzed to yield the preferred OH‐rotamer populations and moreover to parametrize a new Karplus‐type equation for 3JC(i−1)OH(i) coupling. The populations of the lowest energy conformers and the conformational‐averaged coupling constants were independently calculated using the QM approach in both vacuum and chloroform. The similarity of the estimated rotamer populations obtained by two very different techniques and the similarity of the experimental and calculated coupling constants suggest that these approaches can be used in conjunction and in a fully integrated way to determine a more accurate atomic level description of molecular conformers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Stable water isotope simulation in different reservoirs of Manaus, Brazil, by Community Land Model incorporating stable isotopic effect
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Ping , Yang Zong‐Liang , Niu Guo‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Yun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe daily and monthly variations of stable water isotopes in different reservoirs at Manaus, Brazil, are simulated and inter‐compared in an equilibrium year, using the Community Land Model (CLM) involving the stable isotopic effects as a diagnostic tool for an in‐depth understanding of the hydrometeorological processes. On the daily scale, the δ18O in precipitation, vapour and surface runoff have clear seasonality, with marked negative correlations with the corresponding water amount. However, the δ18O in surface dew displays marked positive correlation with dew amount. On the diurnal time scale, the δ18O in precipitation displays an unclear diurnal variation and an unmarked correlation with the precipitation amount. However, the δ18O in vapour keeps consistency with specific humidity. On the monthly time scale, the δ18O in precipitation and surface runoff displays distinct bimodal seasonality, with two maxima in January and in July, and two minima in April and in October; Vapor displays a similar bimodal pattern, two maxima appear in January and August, and two minima in April and November. The amount effect simulated on the monthly time scale has consistency with the actual survey result at the Manaus station, from 1965 to 1990, set up by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO). In addition, the slope (7.49) and the intercept (6.25) of the simulated meteoric water line (MWL) are all smaller than those of the actual mean MWL. However, compared with the annual MWL, the simulated MWL lies within the variation range of actual MWLs. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Mixed‐mode ion‐exchangers and their comparative chromatographic characterization in reversed‐phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography elution modes
Authors: Lämmerhofer Michael , Richter Martin , Wu Junyan , Nogueira Raquel , Bicker Wolfgang , Lindner Wolfgang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA set of particulate silica‐supported mixed‐mode RP/weak anion‐exchangers (RP/WAX) (obtained by bonding of N‐undecenoylated 3‐aminoquinuclidine, 3‐aminotropane and 2‐dimethylaminoethylamine as well as of N‐butenoyl‐(2S,4S,5R)‐2‐aminomethyl‐5‐[(2‐octylthio)ethyl]‐quinuclidine to thiol‐modified silica) were chromatographically characterized in comparison to selected commercially available columns using two distinct isocratic elution modes, viz. an aqueous‐rich RP‐type elution mode (with 40% ACN and 60% buffer) as well as an organic solvent‐rich hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)‐type elution mode (95 and 90% ACN). The mixed‐mode RP/WAX phases showed multimodal applicability, unlike a polar embedded RP material (Synergi Fusion RP), amino phases (Luna NH2, BioBasic AX) or typical HILIC packings (ZIC‐HILIC, TSKGel Amide‐80). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the RP test data confirmed that the in‐house developed RP/WAX columns as well as the Acclaim Mixed‐Mode WAX‐1 phase resemble each other in their chromatographic characteristics having slightly lower hydrophobic selectivity (αCH2 of 1.5) than the tested Synergi Fusion RP (αCH2 ∼︁1.8). In contrast, a decrease in mixed‐mode character due to lowered ion‐exchange capacity and concomitantly increased RP‐like behavior could be identified for other mixed‐mode phases in the order of Obelisc R > Primesep B2 > Uptisphere MM3. PCA on HILIC data revealed that the RP/WAX phases behave dissimilar to TSKGel Amide‐80, ZIC‐HILIC and polysulfoethyl A under the chosen elution conditions. Hence, they may be regarded as complementary to these commercial stationary phases with applicability profiles for hydrophilic but also hydrophobic solutes.
Fingerprinting of human bile during liver transplantation by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Papaspyridonos Konstantina , Garcia‐Perez Isabel , Angulo Santiago , Domann Paula J. , Vilca‐Melendez Hector , Heaton Nigel , Murphy Gerard M. , Holmes Elaine , Barbas Coral , Legido‐Quigley Cristina 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIncreasing rates of success in liver transplantation have increased the number of cases considered. However, liver post‐transplant graft dysfunction of liver transplants (TXs) is not fully understood and by applying holistic approaches we can investigate metabolic change deriving from confounding factors such as liver fat content, ischaemia time, donor age, recipient's health,etc.Twenty‐six hepatic bile samples taken from liver donors and recipients were retrieved from a total of six TXs, from these one recipient underwent post‐graft dysfunction. CE was employed to fingerprint bile collected at 10 min increments in the donors and in the recipients. The electropherograms of these samples were aligned and normalised using correlation optimised warping algorithms and modelled with multivariate techniques. The resulting metabolic signatures were compared; in general donors and recipients showed distinct fingerprints and clustered separately. When a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model was constructed between donor and recipient's samples, a recipient of a 32 year old liver with normal steatosis, and shortest cold ischaemia time showed as the observation nearest to its donor observation, denoting minimal metabolic change. This study proposes CE fingerprinting of human bile as a promising technique to help unravel the complex metabolic pathways involved during transplantation.