bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)lutetium(III)
Authors: Onuma Shigeki , Inoue Hironao , Shibata Shuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)lutetium(III) has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The space group is Pmn21, and the unit cell is orthorhombic with a=17.713(4), b=10.638(2), c=9.973(3) Å, and Z=2. The structure is isomorphous with the erbium analogue. The atomic parameters of the molecule (except for hydrogen atoms) were refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to an R of 0.053. Three chelate rings are planar. One of them lies in the crystallographic mirror plane, and the other two rings are symmetrically related to each other with respect to this mirror plane. Six oxygen atoms of the three β-diketones form a distorted trigonal prism around the central lutetium ion, the average Lu–O distance being 2.19 Å.
A High-Resolution Vacuum Spectrometer for the Infrared
Authors: Fujiyama Tsunetake , Nakagawa Jun , Suzuki Isao , Nakagawa Ichiro , Shimanouchi Takehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A high-resolution vacuum spectrometer for the near and medium infrared has been designed and built with capability of resolving 0.03 cm−1. The spectrometer consists of the fore-optics with a built-in White cell, a 2.5 m Littrow-McCubbin type monochromator which utilizes a 31.6 lines/mm echelle grating with the ruled area of 102 mm×206 mm, and an order-sorter which is essentially a prism spectrometer of Wadsworth mount. Details of the design, construction, and performance of the instrument are described.
Dielectric Relaxation in p-Substituted Thiophenols in the Liquid State
Authors: Roy Subir K , Sengupta Kamalendu , Roy S B 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dielectric absorption in 4-methylthiophenol and 4-chlorothiophenol in the liquid state has been studied in 0.8, 1.25, 1.62 and 3.49 cm microwave regions. Molecular and intramolecular relaxation times, their relative weight factors and the heats of activation have been determined. The results have been discussed and compared with other related molecules.
Influence of Added Alcohols on the Pfeiffer Effect of Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)zinc(II)-l-Malic Acid and -d-Tartaric Acid Systems in Water
Authors: Miyoshi Katsuhiko , Kuroda Yasushige , Isoe Yuji , Yoneda Hayami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Influence of lower alcohols (methanol to butanol) was examined on the Pfeiffer effect of the [Zn(phen)3]2+-l-malic acid and -d-tartaric acid systems in water at 25 °C (phen=1,10-phenanthroline). It was found that the Pfeiffer rotation αp decreases linearly with molar concentration CA of added alcohols for both systems, and that the logarithm of the rate of the decrease in αp with CA is a linear function of the number of methylene groups in added alcohol molecules. This is well interpreted on the assumption that added alcohol molecules adhere to [Zn(phen)3]2+ ion, thereby preventing the complex and chiral acid from coming into contact with each other. The enthalpy change per methylene group on passing from the alcohol environment to the complex environment was estimated to be ca. 0.7 RT.
The Photo-Enolization of β-Disubstituted αβ-Unsaturated Ketone
Authors: Tada Masaru , Miura Kyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
γ-Methyl groups of mesityl oxide (I), dypnone (II), 2-isopropylidenecyclopentanone (III), and pulegone (IV) were deuterated by ultra-violet irradiation in methanol-d. It has been claimed that these ketones are not enolized by photo-excitation, but the formation of enol by irradiation was proved by infrared spectroscopy at a low temperature and was correlated to the photo-deuteration. The photo-enolization was deduced to occur from an n–π* singlet excited state.
The Air Oxidation of Catecholamines by Flavin Mononucleotide
Authors: Takahashi Fujio , Rahman M B , Maeda Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarographic studies of the aerobic oxidation of catecholamines under the influence of FMN in various concentrations, and spectrophotometric investigations of the formation of FMN–catecholamine complexes, have been carried out. By following the course of the oxidation reaction polarographically, the rate constants have been found. The oxidation of catecholamines by air was found to be disturbed through complex formation and to be facilitated by light illumination. The equilibrium constants for the formation of some catecholamine complexes with FMN have been calculated.
The Reaction of Tris(diethylamino)bismuthine with Carbonyl Compounds and the Reactivity Comparison of Several Metal Amides
Authors: Ando Fumio , Ohashi Kumao , Koketsu Jugo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tris(diethylamino)bismuthine (I) reacted with the sterically unhindered carbonyl compounds to give the corresponding enamines. The reactivity of the metal amides M(NR2)n (M=As, Sb, Bi, and Ti; R=Me and Et) toward the carbonyl compounds was examined. The order of reactivity: Bi&gt;Sb&gt;Ti&gt;As was observed for the addition reaction that took place as the first step in the reaction. On the other hand, the order of enamine formation was Sb&gt;Ti&gt;As&gt;Bi. The effectiveness of the amination reaction depends both on the reactivity of metal amides to carbonyl groups and also on the affinity for oxygen of metal atoms. Although bismuth amide gives the addition product very rapidly, because of its poor affinity for oxygen, the addition products decompose thermally on prolonged standing or on distillation giving large amounts of starting carbonyl compounds along with small amounts of enamines.
Effect of Spiro Ring Size on the Photochemical Ring Expansion of Dispiro Substituted Cyclobutane-1,3-diones
Authors: Kimura Koji , Takamura Masakazu , Koshibe Shigeru , Juro Masayoshi , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Odaira Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical ring expansion of dispiro substituted cyclobutane-1,3-diones in methanol has been investigated. The formation of ring expansion product was strongly dependent on the spiro ring size of dispiro substituent. The ring expanded acetal was obtained in a low yield when the spiro ring of dispiro substituted cyclobutane-1,3-diones was a five- or seven-membered ring. This is the first example of photochemical ring expansion from cyclobutane-1,3-diones. A mechanism is postulated.
Double 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of 3-Phenylsydnone with 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Haneda Akira , Imagawa Takeshi , Kawanisi Mituyosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal reaction of 3-phenylsydnone with isoprene or 2,3-dimethylbutadiene gave 2-methyl- or 2,6-dimethyl-7-phenyl-1,7-diazatricyclo [2.2.1.02,6]heptane, together with 3-isopropenyl-1-phenylpyrazole. The former is the product of the double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. A similar reaction with 1,3-butadiene gave only 3-vinyl-1-phenylpyrazole.
Cyclopentadienylsodium and Phenylethynylsodium as Cocatalysts in Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Ichikawa Kazuaki , Takagi Toru , Fukuzumi Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclopentadienylsodium and phenylethynylsodium are effective cocatalysts with WCl6 in the homogeneous olefin metathesis. The optimum mole ratios of C5H5Na and PhC≡CNa to WCl6 ranged more widely—from 1.5 to 3.0 and from 1.5 to 2.5 respectively—than that of BuLi to WCl6. The formation of the Friedel-Crafts products was extremely small—such as 1—%, if the cocatalyst/WCl6 ratio was about 2. The new catalyst systems were less poisoned by ether than the other catalyst systems and were hardly deactivated in the course of the reaction. The characteristics of these catalyst systems were discussed.
Semi-empirical UHF-MO Studies of the Spin Distribution and the Bonding Character of Iron-group Fluorides and Some Other Similar Transition Metal Halides
Authors: Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Kikkawa Hisamichi , Kato Hiroshi , Yoshida Satohiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
CNDO- and INDO-type UHF-MO calculations are carried out on MF6n− (M=V(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II)), NiCl64−, MnCl64−, MnCl42−, MnBr64−, and CuCl42−. The calculated spin fractions on the ligand orbitals agree well with the experimental values, with a few exceptions. Spin transfers to ligands are mainly attributed to the spin delocalization (SD) mechanism, except those to the 2s and 2pσ, orbitals of the F ligand in CrF63− and VF64−, in which spin transfer to those orbitals results from the spin polarization (SP) mechanism. Unpaired electrons are also transferred into the 4s and 4p orbitals of the central metal ion by the SP mechanism. The spin transfers to the ligand due to both the SD and SP mechanisms increase in the order of F&lt;Cl&lt;Br in MnX64− and NiX64−. The following characterisities of metal-halogen bonds are established; (1) the covalent interaction between the metal d-orbital and the fluorine atom increases in the order Ni(II)&lt;Mn(II)∼ Fe(III)&lt;Cr(III)∼V(II) in MF6n−, and (2) in metal-halogen covalent interactions, the s-character of halogen decreases in the order F&gt;Cl&gt;Br, while the p-character increases in the same order.
The Synthesis of Cubebol from (−)-Carvone by Introducing the Electrochemical Acetoxylation Reaction
Authors: Torii Sigeru , Okamoto Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of cubebol and the related compounds from (−)-carvone is described. In the preparation of the key intermediate, 7,10-trans-2,6-epi-2-acetoxy-7-isopropyl-10-methyltricyclo[4.4.0.01,5]decan-4-one (10) the electrochemical acetoxylation reaction could be used as an effective method for introducing the acetoxy group at C-2 carbon atom instead of the carboxy function of 7,10-trans-2,6-epi-4-oxo-7-isopropenyl-10-methyltricyclo-[4.4.0.01,5]decan-2-carboxylic acid (6a). The condensation of (+)-p-menth-8-en-2-one (2a) prepared from (−)-carvone with dimethyl succinate afforded Stobbe half-ester 3, which provided the diazoketone 4 smoothly. Thermal decomposition of 4 in benzene gave intramolecular adducts 5a and 5b (4 : 1). Hydrolysis of 5a afforded 6a in ca. 40% yield. Electrolysis of 6a in AcOH-t-BuOH-Et3N (2 : 1 : 0.1) using platinum electrodes gave 10 in 72% yield. Elimination of acetic acid gave two isomers 11a and 11b (3 : 1) in 87% yield and subsequent methylation of 11a afforded 7-isopropyl-4,10-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.01,5]deca-2-en-4-ol (12) in 82% yield, which on hydrogenation gave the desired product 1a (36.5%) along with the epimer 1b (36.5%).
The Bromination and Mercuration of bis-Dimethylglyoxymato(alkyl)pyridinecobalt(III), Alkyl Cobaloxime
Authors: Shinozaki Hiraku , Ogawa Hiroki , Tada Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The bromination and mercuration of cis-2-methoxycyclohexyl(pyridine)cobaloxime (I) gave trans-1-bromo-2-methoxycyclohexane (V) and trans-2-methoxycyclohexylmercury(II) chloride (VII), along with other byproducts derived from the cyclohexene formed by β-elimination. β-Elimination is an exclusive degradation path with trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl(pyridine)cobaloxime(II). The reaction of cis and trans-4-t-butylcyclohexyl(pyridine)cobaloximes (III and IV) gave trans and cis-1-bromo-4-t-butylcyclohexanes (X and XI), and trans and cis-4-t-butylcyclohexylmercury(II) chloride, with an exculsive or preferential inversion at the reaction center. These results show that the SE2 reaction of alkyl cobaloxime takes a stereochemical course of inversion.
Chromatography of Inorganic Ions on TEAE-cellulose Layers in Hydrochloric Acid Media
Authors: Kuroda Rokuro , Takahashi Toshiaki , Oguma Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ion-exchange behavior of inorganic ions on TEAE-cellulose was investigated in hydrochloric acid media with and without methanol. Adsorbabilities are low relative to those on strongly basic ion-exchange resin, varying with acid concentration in line with gradual building-up of chlorocomplexes.
The Preparation and Properties of Some Triorgano(oxinato)antimony Hydroxides
Authors: Kawasaki Yoshikane 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some new triorgano(oxinato)antimony hydroxides, R3Sb(L)OH (R=CH3, C6H5 and p-CH3C6H4: L=Ox, 2-Me-Ox, and 5-Cl-Ox), have been prepared, and the UV, IR, and NMR spectra of these compounds have been measured. These compounds have a hexa-coordinate configuration around antimony. The effects of the hydroxyl group on the IR and NMR spectra are discussed.
The Photo-induced Diels-Alder Reaction of 2-Cycloocten-1-one and 2-Cyclohepten-1-one
Authors: Shinozaki Hiraku , Arai Susumu , Tada Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
trans-2-Cycloocten-1-one and trans-2-cyclohepten-1-one, which are supposed to be formed by the ultra-violet irradiation of cis-2-cycloocten-1-one and cis-2-cyclohepten-1-one, give Diels-Alder addition products with cyclopentadiene and isoprene.
Tri(hetero)substituted Carbonium Ions. XI. A Novel Synthetic Route to 2-Dialkylamino-4-alkyl-1,3-dithiolium Salts
Authors: Nakai Takeshi , Hiratani Kazuhisa , Okawara Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pyrolysis of 2-dialkylamino-4-(α-bromoalkyl)-1,3-dithiolanylium bromides (2) readily prepared by bromination of the β,γ-unsaturated dithiocarbamates (1) affords 2-dialkylamino-4-alkyl-1,3-dithiolium salts (3) in good yields, providing a useful way to prepare dithiolium salts.
The Syntheses of 4- and 5-(α- and β-Naphthyl)tropolones
Authors: Tsunetsugu Josuke , Sato Masaru , Ebine Seiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4- And 5-(α- and β-naphthyl)tropolones have been synthesized via naphthyl-tropilidenes, -tropones, and -aminotropones.
The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1-Allylindoles. A Hypothesis for the Biogenesis of Echinulin-Type Compounds
Authors: Inada Seisaku , Nagai Kunio , Takayanagi Yasuo , Okazaki Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The aluminum chloride-catalyzed rearrangement of 1-allyl- (1a) and 1-(trans-2-butenyl)indole (1b) produced 3-allyl-(3a) and 3-(1-methylallyl)indole (3b) in 58 and 43% yields, respectively. Based on this, a hypothesis for the biogenetic mechanism of echinulin is proposed.
Substituted Tetrahydropyridine and Dihydropyridobenzoxazine Ring Syntheses
Authors: Sakurai Akio , Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ternary condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde, and substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate gave 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (1) and 6H-8,9-dihidropyrido[1,2-c][1,3]-benzoxazine (2) derivatives.
A Zwitterionic Alkaloid from Daphniphyllum Teijsmanni Zollinger
Authors: Yamamura Shosuke , Toda Masaaki , Hirata Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A zwitterionic alkaloid, the hydration product of daphnilactone-B, has been isolated from the fruits of the plant Daphniphyllum teijsmanni Zollinger, and its structure also been determined on the basis of its spectral and chemical properties.
The Initiation Reaction of Electro-initiated Polymerization of Acrylamide in the Kolbe Electrolysis System
Authors: Ogumi Zempachi , Tari Isao , Takehara Zenichiro , Yoshizawa Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanism of electro-initiated polymerization of acrylamide in the Kolbe electrolysis system was investigated in detail and the reaction path of the intermediate radicals was clarified by product analysis and a measurement of the consumption rate of the monomer. The Kolbe intermediate radical, CF3·, reacts first preferentially with the monomer. Next, the radical thus formed reacts with other species to produce CF3CH2CH2CONH2, CF3CH2CH(CF3COO)CONH2 and CF3CH2CH(CONH2)CH(CF3CH2)CONH2. The first reaction is fast, but the reaction of CF3COO· with the monomer appears to be unreasonable. These reactions proceed on the electrode surface and in the layers below the diffusion layer, i.e., in layers of the same order as the depth of unevenness on the platinized platinum electrode.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Catalysts—Chromia–Alumina Catalysts—
Authors: Okamoto Yasuaki , Fujii Masaki , Imanaka Toshinobu , Teranishi Shiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The XPS studies of chromia–alumina catalysts were carried out to elucidate the surface of these catalysts. Photoreduction was found to occur during the XPS measurements. Therefore, all spectra were measured rapidly to prevent any photoreduction. It was found that the information about the spin-orbit splitting of the Cr2P level is very useful for determining the valence state of chromium. The surface state of chromium in chromia–alumina catalysts calcined at 500 °C for 5 h is predominantly Cr6+ at low chromia concentration catalysts. However, the Cr3+ phase appears in catalysts of higher chromium content, and the surface concentration of Cr3+ increases with increasing content of supported chromia. The XPS spectra due to Cr5+ were observed after mild reduction of the catalysts. Moreover, it was found that almost all surface chromium is present as Cr5+ at low chromia content catalysts after mild reductions. Qualitatively, the results obtained by the XPS technique, which gives information about the surface of catalysts, agree well with the results obtained by ESR and other techniques, which gives information about the bulk of catalysts, especially low chromium concentration catalysts. These findings indicate a high dispersion of chromium on γ-Al2O3 for low chromium content catalysts.
Concentration Depolarization of the Fluorescence and Phosphorescence of Acridine Orange Cations
Authors: Komiyama Tomoko , Mori Yuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Concentration depolarization of fluorescence and phosphorescence has been studied for Acridine Orange cations in PVA films. Depolarization can be observed with concentrations above 10−6 M. For concentrations ranging from 10−6 M to 10−4 M both depolarization of fluorescence and of phosphorescence obey the Weber equation. The results indicate that singlet-singlet energy transfer is responsible for depolarization of fluorescence, as well as of phosphorescence. Above 10−4 M, the effect of the exchange interaction cannot be ignored due to the formation of higher aggregates.
Activity Coefficients of Hydrochloric Acid in Hydrogen Chloride-Metal Perchlorate-Water Systems
Authors: Teruya Kiichi , Shiraogawa Kikuo , Nakamori Issei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the HCl–LiClO4–H2O, HCl–NaClO4–H2O, HCl–Mg(ClO4)2–H2O, HCl–Ba(ClO4)2–H2O, HCl–LiClO4–NaClO4–H2O, HCl–NaClO4–Ba(ClO4)2–H2O, and HCl–LiClO4–NaClO4–Ba(ClO4)2–H2O systems, the mean activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid, γ±HCl have been obtained at 25 °C by emf measuremts of the cell:
H2(Pt)⁄HCl,MClO4,M′(ClO4)2,···⁄AgCl,Ag(M=Li,Na;M′=Mg,Ba)
Moreover, the following relation has been examined with the experimental results:
logγ±HCl=logγ°±HCl+\underseti∑ai(HCl)mi (i\eweqH,Cl)
where γ°±HCl is the mean activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in a solution containing only hydrochloric acid at the same ionic strength as the mixture; mi is the molality of the i ion, and ai(HCl) is the parameter assigned to the three-ion system of hydrogen, chloride, and i ions, but is independent of the ionic strength. The results of the examination with aM(HCl) determined in our previous paper showed that aClO4(HCl) may be about zero regardless of the kind of metal ion coexisting in the solution. The activity coefficients calculated by the above relationship with the determined parameters agree, with deviation of only about 5%, with the experimental results for all the systems.
Properties of Water Solubilized in Reversed Micellar Systems of Dodecylammonium Propionate in Nonpolar Solvents
Authors: Sen\={o} Manabu , Araki Koji , Shiraishi Shinsaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The properties of the reversed micelles of dodecylammonium propionate (DAP) and of solubilized water were examined for systems with hexane, chloroform and benzene as a nonpolar component. The aggregation number of DAP, the conductivity, the heat of solution of water, IR and NMR spectra, and near infrared spectra of solubilized water were measured. From the results the properties of the reversed micellar system were analyzed, the following conclusion being obtained. The aggregation state of DAP is scarcely affected by the addition of water. Water is first dispersed in the nonpolar organic phase, and then solubilized in the cores of the reversed micelles. The former is free or weakly bonded water, while the latter is bonded water like that in the bulk phase. The catalytic effect of DAP reversed micellar system is discussed.
The Microwave Spectrum of Thiirane in Excited Vibrational States
Authors: Hirose Chiaki , Okiye Kazuhiro , Maeda Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The microwave spectra in the ground and five low-lying vibrational states of 12C2H432S and in the ground state of 12C13CH432S and 12C2H434S have been assigned to high-J transitions. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were derived. Four of the five vibrational states were found to be in Coriolis interaction in pairs; one of the pairs was identified as the symmetric and antisymmetric ring deformation modes, ν5(A1) and ν12(B1), but another pair was unexplicable from any of the previously reported vibrational assignments. The infrared and Raman spectra in the liquid and gas phases were examined, and the latter pair of vibrations was interpreted as ν14(B2) at 945 cm−1 and ν8(A2) at about 970 cm−1. This novel assignment of ν8 around 970 cm−1 was based on not only the results of microwave spectroscopy, but also on the observation of an unsymmetric band contour in the infrared spectrum of the gaseous sample.
A Comparison of the Primary Processes of the Radiolyses Induced by α-, β-, and γ-Rays
Authors: Sato Shin , Kowari Ken-ichi , Okazaki Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By using the cross sections derived by the binary encounter collision theory and the assumption of a continuous slowing down, the G-values for the ionization and excitation of helium gas irradiated by α-, β-, and γ-rays have been calculated. In the radiolysis by high-energy electrons, the G-values started to decrease at an incident electron energy of about 103 eV with a decrease in the energy. Calculation showed that, if the radiation energy is extremely high, the G-values are independent of the kind of radiation. In the radiolysis induced by α-particles, the ratio of the yield resulting from the direct interaction with α-particles to that due to the secondary electrons was calculated as a function of the energy of the incident α-particles. When the energy was 8 MeV, the ratio for ionization was calculated to be 1.31.
A Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Thioformamide
Authors: Kimura Katsumi , Katsumata Shunji , Ishiguro Takahiko , Hirakawa Akiko Y , Tsuboi Masamichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The He I photoelectron spectrum of thioformamide (HCSNH2) has been measured. On the basis of spectral features, CNDO/2 calculations, and sum rule considerations, the following assignments have been concluded. 1) Six ionization bands appearing below 17 eV correspond to six-p-type MOs and two bands in the region 17–20 eV correspond to s-type MOs. 2) The first ionization band is attributed to the highest occupied (in-plane) MO constructed mainly from the sulfur lone pair which is mixed to some extent with the σCN orbital. 3) The second and fourth bands are due to the out-of-plane MOs, mainly corresponding to the nitrogen lone pair and the πcs orbital, respectively. 4) The remaining p-type bands may be interpreted in terms of σCS, σCN, and πNH2 (pseudo pi) orbitals.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-Carboxy Anhydride of Glycine
Authors: Kanazawa Hitoshi , Matsuura Yoshiki , Tanaka Nobuo , Kakudo Masao , Komoto Tadashi , Kawai Tohru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of N-carboxy anhydride(NCA) of glycine was determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The crystals of glycine-NCA are monoclinic with space group C2/c and Z=8; the cell dimensions are a=9.298(2), b=5.156(2), c=16.900(4) Å and β=107.88(2)°. A pair of molecules forms the dimer structure around a center of symmetry, with two N(1)–H(1)···O(1′) hydrogen bonds in the crystals.