bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process optimization for production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse at Wonji Sugar Factory, Ethiopian
Authors: Debela Dula , Bekele Eshetu , Nemera Tesfaye 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Ethiopian sugar estates produce large amounts of bagasse annually. An alternative bioethanol energy source is produced through pretreatment and valorization processes. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes to produce bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse. Different concentrations of alkaline (NaOH) and acid (H2SO4) were used to hydrolyse sugarcane bagasse at different pressures and reaction times, while fermentation experiments were carried out at different incubation temperatures and for different periods at different initial pH values. The pretreatment process was used to extract cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, whereas hydrolysis was used for reducing sugars, and fermentation was used for ethanol. After the quality test, the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and model optimization using design expert statistical software version 7.0. The results of the statistical analysis on pretreatment optimization revealed that 2.5% NaOH and 15 psi at 35 minutes resulted in the maximum extraction of cellulose (81.25) with the maximum removal of hemicellulose (8.41) and lignin (6.02%). For pretreated bagasse hydrolysis, 2.05% H2SO4 at 205.92°C within 60 minutes produced a maximum yield of reducing sugars (80.89 g/l), while the maximum yield of ethanol produced under optimized conditions (6 initial pH, 30°C and 71.83 hours of incubation) was 42.98 g/l.
Maize/soybean intercropping improve yield stability in red soil under different phosphate application rates in southwest China
Authors: Tang Li , Zhou Long , Su Lizhen , Zhao Hongmin , Zhao Tilei , Zheng Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims Studying the effects of maize and soybean intercropping for improving maize yield, and maintaining stability of maize yield under different phosphate (P) application rates in red soil is important for promoting the maize productivity, improving soil fertility and optimizing P nutrient management in southwest China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of maize yield, yield stability and soil fertility under monoculture and intercropping maize with different P application rates.
Methods A six-year field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2022 to investigate the effects of maize intercropping with soybean on the yield stability and sustainability of maize according to the changes in maize yield, biomass, Partial land equivalent ratio of yield (pLERY), actual yield loss index (AYL), contribution rate of soil capacity and fertilizer (SCR, SFCR) over time, as well as the differences in coefficient of variation (CV) and sustainable yield index (SYI) at four P application rates (0 kg P ha-1, P0; 60 kg P ha-1, P1; 90 kg P ha-1, P2; and 120 kg P ha-1, P3) based on the two-factor split block design. The linear-platform model was used to simulate the relationship between the grain yield, SYI and the amount of P fertilizer under different P application rates.
Results The maize yield in intercropping was significantly superior to the corresponding maize monoculture throughout the six-year experiments. For all planting years, the yield and biomass of the intercropping was higher than that of the matched monoculture average by 56.0% and 56.1%, respectively. And intercropping had an advantage of pLERY and AYL for maize. Otherwise, intercropping reduced the CV by 30.8% and 39.1%, and increased the SYI by 39.4% and 23.0% in P0 and P3 compared with matched monoculture, respectively. For all planting years, the average SFCR in intercropping treatment was higher than that in monoculture treatment. Linear-plateau model fitted showed that intercropping increased yield and SYI by 19.8% and 40.7% on platform, and reduced P application rate by 37.8% and 11.9% at inflection point, respectively.
Conclusions These results demonstrate that maize and soybean intercropping could achieve higher yield, higher yield stability and SYI with lower P input than monoculture. Maize and soybean intercropping could be a sustainable practice for promoting the maize productivity and the yield sustainability in red soil of southwest China.
The potential role of religiosity and psychological immunity in predicting psychological well-being of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia within the Bayesian framework
Authors: Eid Nawal A Al , Arnout Boshra A. , Al-Qahtani Thabit A. , Pavlovic Slavica , AlZahrani Mohammed R. , Abdelmotelab Abdalla S. , Abdelmotelab Youssef S. , Freh Fuaad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have demonstrated the need for additional research into the influence of religiosity and healthy behaviors on psychological well-being. Currently, there is a gap in the literature regarding the relationship between religiosity, mental immunity, and psychological well-being among individuals with diabetes using the Bayesian Framework. This study sought to explore how factors such as religiosity, mental immunity, and psychological well-being differ based on gender and age among diabetic patients, as well as identify the most significant predictors of psychological well-being within the Bayesian framework.
Method:
The research took place between May 2022 and February 2023, involving 186 Saudi individuals diagnosed with diabetes chosen at random. Once participants agreed, they filled out three scales: R, MI, and PWB. A Bayesian Independent Samples t-test was utilized to test the role of gender and age in R, MI, and PWB, while Bayesian linear regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of PWB.
Results:
The Bayesian independent samples t-test results strongly support the alternative hypothesis H1, indicating significant differences between male and female diabetic patients in terms of R, MI, and PWB. The Bayesian factor values are greater than 10. (8.338×10+ 23, 1.762×10+ 25, and 1.866×10+ 24), and Cohen's δ of (-1.866, -1.934, -1.884). These results indicated that females with diabetes have higher means of R, MI, and PWB compared to males. However, the results also suggested evidence for the null hypothesis H0 of no differences in R, MI, and PWB among diabetic patients due to age group, with Bayesian factor values (0.176, 0.181, and 0.187) less than 1.00 and small Cohen's δ of (-0.034, -0.050, -0.063). Bayesian linear regression analysis detected strong evidence that the model including MI is the best predictive model (BF10 for mental immunity is 1.00 and for the other two models are 0.07 and 4.249×10− 16) for the PWB of diabetic patients, while there is no evidence that the model including R or the interaction between R and MI is the best predictor of PWB for diabetic patients.
Conclusions:
These findings highlight the need for direct psychological care services for male diabetic patients and the urgent need to enhance IM in diabetic patients to improve their PWB. Furthermore, results recommended that healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia integrate MI interventions into diabetes care programs.
Cold case: COVID-19-triggered type 1 cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Gils Luuk van , Corsten Maarten , Koelman Carin , Bosma Renate , Fijnheer Rob , Mulder Femke , Regelink Josien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A 42-year-old male was referred to the internal medicine department because of renal failure and persistent malaise after a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood results showed anemia and severe renal insufficiency (hemoglobin of 6.4 mmol/l and a creatinine of 194 umol/l). Additional tests revealed a type I cryoglobulinemia with a cryoprecipitate composed of biclonal IgM (kappa and lambda). Further investigations on the cryoprecipitate revealed that the immunoglobulins were directed against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. In the meanwhile, our patient noticed improvement of his symptoms accompanied by resolution of laboratory abnormalities. Three months later, the cryoglobulin could no longer be detected. Type 1 cryoglobulinemia is usually associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and is characterized by various symptoms caused by cryoprecipitates occluding small blood vessels. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of type I cryoglobulinemia with proven precipitation of SARS-CoV-19 antibodies. COVID-19 induced cryoglobulinemia appears to have a mild disease course and to be self-limiting upon viral clearance.
Optimization and Modeling of the Sustainable Manufacturing Process in CNC Turning of Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V)
Authors: Ingle Sushil V , Raut D N , Patil Amit S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cutting titanium and titanium alloys are very difficult to machined, hence quite challenging. The metal's mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics can account for it. The material properties like elevated chemical reactivity with less thermal conductivity make titanium and titanium alloys excellent candidates for use as cutting tool materials. The temperature at a tool's cutting edge rises because of its poor heat conductivity. Additionally, titanium alloys' poor machinability is caused by bad modulus of elasticity and strong strength at elevated temperatures [1–14]. Due to its lower elasticity modulus than steel, titanium exhibits higher "springiness." Under pressure from the tool, thin parts frequently deflect, leading to issues like tolerance, chatter and tool rubbing. The tool should be appropriately formed and the overall system should be highly stiff (very sharp). The total absence of a "built-up edge," which results in a elevated shearing angle, is following crucial characteristic in titanium with titanium alloys (absence of a constant mass of metal ahead of the cutting tool). This increases more bearing loads on each unit area and thin chips contacting a very small portion of cutting tool face. Due to the strong bearing force and friction created by the chip, a very specific portion of the cutting tool becomes extremely hot. Typically, components requiring the highest dependability are made of titanium and titanium alloys, therefore surface properties must be preserved. Surface features of the component, such as surface finish and shape, as well as sub-surface properties, such as residual stress, granular plastic flow direction, and surface defects, have vital impact on machining performance of machined parts (porosity, micro-cracks, etc.). The surface polish and integrity attained following machining determine surface quality of machined parts [1–14].
The Taguchi optimization approach is taken for evaluation and prediction in the research area, which concentrates on the ideal CNC cutting conditions for turning titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Cutting velocity (v), feed rate (f), DOC (d), with rake angle (RA) were chosen as input process variables in turning process, while flank wear (Vb), tool life and surface finish (Ra) were taken into consideration as performance evaluation features. For conducting the tests, the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design plan was taken into consideration. According to the outcomes of the conformation tests, the Taguchi analysis that revealed the ideal process parameters greatly enhanced the turning performance when machining titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). The ANOVA findings showed that rake angle and depth of cut significantly affected turning performance in terms of Vb and Ra.
History Matching, Production Forecast Uncertainty, and constraint optimization of an integrated model using the Ensemble Kalman Filter: a Field Application
Authors: Fadaei Mehdi , Ameri Mohammad Javad , Rafiei Yousef 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The calibration of reservoir models using production data can enhance the reliability of predictions. However, history matching often leads to only a few matched models, and the original geological interpretation is not always preserved. Therefore, there is a need for stochastic methodologies for history matching. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a well-known Monte Carlo method that updates reservoir models in real time. When new production data becomes available, the ensemble of models is updated accordingly. The initial ensemble is created using the prior model, and the posterior probability function is sampled through a series of updates. In this study, EnKF was employed to evaluate the uncertainty of production forecasts for a specific development plan and to match historical data to a real field reservoir model. This study represents the first attempt to combine EnKF with an integrated model that includes a genuine oil reservoir, actual production wells, a surface choke, a surface pipeline, a separator, and a PID pressure controller. The research optimized a real integrated production system, considering the constraint that there should be no slug flow at the inlet of the separator. The objective function was to maximize the net present value (NPV). Geological data was used to model uncertainty using Sequential Gaussian Simulation. Porosity scenarios were generated, and conditioning the porosity to well data yielded improved results. Ensembles were employed to balance accuracy and efficiency, demonstrating a reduction in porosity uncertainty due to production data. This study revealed that utilizing a PID pressure controller for the production separator can enhance oil production by 59% over 20 years, resulting in the generation of 2.97 million barrels of surplus oil in the field and significant economic gains.
Equivalent consumption minimization strategy Based on Global Optimization of Equivalent Factor for Hybrid Tractor
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Zhang Yihan , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Dehai , Chen Long 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to the working condition of high-horsepower tractors, a hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) suitable for plug-in hybrid tractors is designed. Taking the tractor with this transmission as the research object, a global optimization model of equivalent factor is established to improve the control effect of the Equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS); and then used genetic algorithm to optimize the equivalent factor S off-line to obtain the best correction coefficient MAP of different operating mileage and the initial value of battery State of Charge (SOC). Then based on the optimal correction coefficient map, the ECMS strategy based on equivalent factor optimization is established. Considering the efficiency of the power battery, motor and other components, the power distribution between the diesel engine and the motor under the optimal equivalent factor is obtained. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by MATLAB/Simulink and hardware-in-the-loop tests, and the fuel economy of tractors is improved by 2.939% and 3.909% respectively in the two tests.
Analysis and Reconstruction Method of Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Villages Based on Parameterization
Authors: Fan Yong , Li Xuan , Xiao Wen-jie , Wang Di 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of computer-aided planning and design technology has provided a new perspective for the study of complex problems such as the generation of architectural complex forms. This study focuses on how to apply parameterization technology to analyze and articulate traditional spatial form composition rules, aiming to minimize reliance on subjective human judgment in the protection and renewal design of the historical style of traditional villages. It aims to establish digital generative design tools to address the challenges of accurately inheriting and innovatively utilizing historical and cultural information in traditional settlements. It introduces how to rely on parameterization technology to analyze the spatial form composition rules, parameter extraction rules, and spatial reconstruction rules of traditional villages, facilitating the complete process from spatial features to parameterization rules, and then to the application of computational methods to deduce spatial features. It also includes case studies demonstrating the application of parameterization technology tools for village protection and explores the role of generative design tools in preserving the spatial style of these settlements.
Trunk Control and Pelvic Angle Variability in People with Stroke during Walking – A Vector Field Analysis
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Wang Lin , Sidarta Ananda , Zhang Jack J.Q. , Fong Kenneth N. K. , Kwong Patrick W.H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Impairment in trunk control is common in hemiplegic individuals and can largely interfere with gait performance, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS) is widely used to evaluate the ability of trunk control. This study aims to further explore the association between TIS scores and the spine and pelvis movement and its variability during walking using vector field statistics.
Results
The canonical correlation analyses (CCA) were performed to explore the correlation between the 3-dimensional spine or pelvis angle and variability, and the TIS scores in the stance phase and swing phase separately. The CCA showed no significant correlation between the TIS score and the spine’s angle variability and no correlations were found with spine or pelvis angles as well. In contrast, a significant correlation was found between the TIS score and the pelvis angle variability during the early stance phase (P = 0.018) but not in the swing phase.
The Occurrence of Resistomes, Virulence Factors and Clonal Diversity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci Isolated from the Semen of Men Attending Infertility Clinic in Lagos
Authors: Enwuru Christian Azubike , Fowora Muinah Adenike , Enwuru Nkechi Veronica , Nwaokorie Francisca Obiageri , Iwalokun Bamidele Abiodun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Male factor infertility accounts for 40–60% of global couples suffering from infertility. Multiple antibacterial resistances have constituted a serious impediment against the effective eradication of non-specific bacteria etiology of male infertility; resistant genes are spread within and across bacterial species; producing progeny that are difficult to treat. This study, analyzed resistance genes, virulence factors, and clonal characteristics of E. coli and Staphylococci recovered from the semen of infertile men attending urology clinics in Lagos. A total of 16 E. coli and 48 Staphylococci isolated from 226 infertile men were found to be MDR and were suspected of harboring resistomes. Escherichia coli specific oligonucleotide primers were designed according to TEM, SHV, CTX-M-type and OXA β-lactamase, TEcoli (tuf), and bac DNA sequences, and Staphylococci Mec A, Fem A, ermA and others genes deposited in the GenBank were identified using PCR method. Clonal characteristics and biodiversity were determined by RAPD using oligonucleotides S30 5׳- GTGATCGCAG that had non-palindromic sequences. The DNA fingerprints of the isolates were compared for biodiversity by visual inspection of the band profiles. The gel images were digitalized and stored as TIFF. These files were converted, normalised, and analysed with GelWorks 1D software (version 3.00, UV products, England). DNA fingerprints detected by computer were carefully verified by visual examination to correct unsatisfactory detections. Genetic relationships were established by scoring the presence (1) or absence (0) of each RAPD polymorphic band. The percent of similarity between the strains was estimated by using the coefficient of Dice. Cluster analysis of similarity matrices was performed by UPGMA tool. The data were submitted to the computer programme to transform the polymorphic bands of the oligonucleotide into a dendrogram. Escherichia coli had a 25% prevalence of blaCTx-M gene and Staphylococci had 22.6% MecA and 12.9% FemA genes. Phylogenetically, E. coli had a narrow diversity of 2 main groups and 3 clusters from a single genetic origin, with > 50% similarity. Group 1 had a different genetic identity and required further sequencing as a local strain from Lagos. Staphylococci were more diverse as there were 6 main groups and 11 clusters with 10–90% similarity. Group 4 had a different genetic origin and requires further sequencing as a local strain. This study concludes the relatively high occurrence of the blaCTx-M gene among E. coli and MecA genes among Staphylococci and these calls for concern. The presence of non-typeable genotypes is novel and underscores the need for a national programme for bacterial typing.
Engineered Nanobodies With Programmable Target Antigen Proteolysis (Ptap) Fusions Regulate Intracellular Alpha-synuclein in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Kordower Jeffrey , Butler David , Chatterjee Diptaman , D'Brant Lianna , Hiller Benjamin , Marmion David , Sandoval Ivette , Luk Kelvin , Manfredsson Fredric , Messer Anne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation and the formation of Lewy pathology (LP) is a foundational pathophysiological phenomenon in synucleinopathies. Delivering therapeutic single-chain and single-domain antibodies that bind pathogenic targets can disrupt intracellular aggregation. The fusion of antibody fragments to a negatively-charged proteasomal targeting motif (PEST) creates bifunctional constructs that enhance both solubility and turnover. With sequence-specific point mutations of PEST sequences that modulate proteasomal degradation efficiency, we report the creation of Programmable Target Antigen Proteolysis (PTAP) technology that can provide graded control over the levels of target antigens. We have previously demonstrated our lead anti-αSyn intrabody, VH14-PEST, is capable of reducing the pathological burden of synucleinopathy in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report a family of fully humanized VH14-PTAP constructs for controllable, therapeutic targeting of intracellular α-Syn. In cells, we demonstrate successful target engagement and efficacy of VH14-hPEST intrabodies, and validate proof-of-principle in human cells using 3D human organoids derived from PD-patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In two synuclein-based rat models, PTAP intrabodies attenuated nigral αSyn pathology, preserved nigrostriatal dopaminergic tone, and slowed the propagation of αSyn pathology. These data demonstrate the potency of intracellular αSyn targeting as a method to alleviate pathology and highlight the potential clinical utility of PTAP intrabodies.
Quantification of circadian rhythms in mammalian lung tissue snapshot data
Authors: Grabe Saskia , Ananthasubramaniam Bharath , Herzel Hanspeter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Healthy mammalian cells have a circadian clock, a gene regulatory network that allows them to schedule their physiological processes to optimal times of the day. When healthy cells turn into cancer cells, the circadian clock often becomes cancer specifically disturbed, so there is an interest in the extraction of circadian features from gene expression data of cancer. This is challenging, as clinical gene expression samples of cancer are snapshot-like and the circadian clock is best examined using gene expression time series. In this study, we obtained lists of intersecting circadian genes in public gene expression time series data of lung tissue of mouse and baboon. We base our circadian gene lists on correlations of gene expression levels of circadian genes, which are closely associated to the phase differences between them. Combining circadian gene expression patterns of diurnal and nocturnal species of different ages provides circadian genes that are also important in healthy and cancerous human lung tissue. We tested the quality of the representation of the circadian clock in our gene lists by PCA-based reconstructions of the circadian times of the mouse and baboon samples. Then we assigned potential circadian times to the human lung tissue samples and find an intact circadian clock in the healthy human lung tissue, but an altered, weak clock in the adjacent cancerous lung tissue.