bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Poles' Socioeconomic Preferences in the Period of System Transformation
Authors: Tyszka Tadeusz , Sokoiowska Joanna 
Published: July 2007

Juste aprés la transformation de l'économie polonaise sous contr&#x006f;&#x030c;le étatique en économie de marché, trois enquětes ont été successivement menées pour étudier les préférences socioéconomiques des Polonais.La structure factorielle des préférences socioéconomiques qui s'est dégagée de l'analyse regroupe des questions qui n'ont qu'un rapport superficiel. Ceci peut indiquer que les gens ou bien ne comprennent pas ou bien ne pretent pas attention aux relations économiques de causalité. On a trouvé un faible soutien en favour de l'économie de marché, faible soutien qui à cu tendance à décroi&#x030c;tre les années suivantes. Ceci semble ětre cause par le fait que les inconvénients du système antérieur ont été rapidement oubliés, tandis que ceux rencontrés récemment se faisaient plus vifs et pénibles.Les préférences socioéconomiques des Polonais ont mis en évidence une forme d'organisation relativement stable au cours des trois années successives. Ceci peut s'expliquer par le fait que les enquětos ont été conduites dans une période de forte polarisation politique. Les préférences socioéconomiques se sont avérées ětre en rapport avec diverses variables démographiques et psychologiques. Généralement, les gens plus dynamiques et actifs économiquement ont laissé apparai&#x030c;tre un plus grand soutien en faveur de l'économie de marché que ceux qui étaient moins actifs économiquement.Just after the transformation of the Polish economy from state controlled to market‐oriented, three surveys were carried out to study the socioeconomic preferences of Poles. The factor structure of socioeconomic preferences that emerged from the analysis groups together issues that are related superficially. This may indicate that people either do not understand or do not pay attention to causal economic relationships. Weak support was found for the market‐oriented economy and it showed a tendency to decrease in the subsequent years. This seems to be caused by the fact that drawbacks of the previous system were quickly forgotten while the newly‐experienced drawbacks became vivid and painful. Socioeconomic preferences of Poles displayed some organisation, which was relatively stable in the three subsequent years. This may be due to the fact that the surveys were conducted in the period of strong political polarisation. Socioeconomic preferences turned out to be related to various demographic and psychological variables. Generally, people who were more dynamic and economically more active revealed greater support for the market‐oriented economy than those who were economically less active.
The Korean Indigenous Psychology Approach: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Applications
Authors: Kim Uichol , Park Young‐Shin , Park Donghyun 
Published: July 2007

Cet article esquisse une psychologie indigène appliquée au comportement et à la pensée coréennes. On considère qu'il s'agit d'un modèle scientifique alternatif se différenciant de la psychologie dominante traditionnelle; cette psychologie s'inspire des sciences exactes a travers un projet qui cherche a mettre en évidence des lois du comportement humain qui soient objectives, experimentales et linéaires. Par contre, cette nouvelle approche met l'accent sur une élaboration empirique de modèles qui part des actions humaines proactives et génératives qui émergent dans un contexte signifiant. La prise de conscience, les intentions et les objectifs, à un niveau à la fois individuel et collectif, font partie integrante du modèle de recherche. Le but n'est pas de se détourner de la science, de l'objectivité, de la méthode expérimentale et de l'accès a des concepts universels, mais d'élaborer une science rigoureuse qui soit solidement basée sur la compréhension de l'humain. On présente ici deux études empiriques réalisées en Corée pour illustrer la richesse de cette psychologie indigène.This article outlines an indigenous psychology approach that has been applied to Korean behaviour and thought. It is presented here as an alternative scientific paradigm to traditional “mainstream” psychology. Traditional psychology emulates the natural sciences through an approach that attempts to seek objective, experimental, and linear laws of human behaviour. By contrast, the present approach focuses on bottom‐up, model‐building research that examines proactive and generative actions of human beings that occur in a meaningful context. Human consciousness, intentions, and goals, both at the individual and collective level, become an integral part of the research paradigm. The goal is not to abandon science, objectivity, experimental method, and the search for universals, but to create a rigorous science that is firmly grounded in human understanding. Two empirical studies conducted in Korea are reviewed to illustrate the utility of this indigenous psychology approach.
Domestic Labor Markets and Foreign Direct Investment*
Authors: Haaland Jan I. , Wooton Ian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe study how the labor market and industry uncertainty affect the investment decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In an uncertain business climate, MNEs must take account of the future in deciding where to locate a branch plant. When wages are endogenously determined, both the opportunity cost of labor and redundancy payments influence the MNE’s decision. When countries compete for foreign investment, different national characteristics determine the winners in different industries. Differences in risk may draw MNEs to different locations. Firm‐specific bargaining always offers an advantage, as the mix of current and future pay fully reflects the firm’s risk profile.
Optimal Monetary Policy with Vertical Production and Trade*
Authors: Shi Kang , Xu Juanyi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the optimal monetary policy response to domestic and foreign technology shocks in an open economy with vertical structure of production and trade. We find that any stage‐specific productivity shock in one country may have a transborder spillover effect on the other country via the vertical trade. So when choosing optimal monetary rules, each monetary authority should respond to both home and foreign productivity shocks. Also, the flexible exchange rate cannot replicate the flexible price equilibrium, even under producer currency pricing, due to price stickiness in multiple stages. We also find that the existence of a transborder spillover effect depends on the currencies of price setting. Finally, vertical trade may affect the value of exchange rate flexibility under PCP and LCP setting.
Subjectively Weighted Development Scenarios for Urban Allocation: A Case Study of South East Queensland
Authors: Chhetri Prem , Corcoran Jonathan , Stimson Robert , Bell Martin , Cooper Jim , Pullar David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents a GIS‐based methodology to integrate a measure of geographic attractiveness of localities in the process of allocating potential dwellings in the context of a large urban region. The methodology was developed for a study area in Brisbane‐South East Queensland (SEQ), known as the Sunbelt Region, a rapidly growing region and a popular tourist destination in Australia. In this article, we have used a multivariate technique to develop a set of parameterised linear equations to define underlying dimensions that drive residential location decision choices. Aesthetic and accessibility factors were identified in the factor analysis from data collected via a survey of Quality of Life. Spatial measures were based on a combination of network distance and kernel density estimation to calculate ‘aesthetic’ and ‘accessibility’ scenarios, which were then overlaid and multiplied by their subjective weights to create an ‘overall attractiveness scenario’. These development scenarios were integrated as a set of criteria to control the allocation of potential dwelling capacity over the next 25 years at a grid cell level.
Thesaurus and Domain Ontology of Geoinformatics
Authors: Deliiska Boriana 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGeoinformatics is a comparatively new interdisciplinary science and as a part of space informatics uses methods and terminology of informatics and many natural sciences. An ontology of geoinformatics is discussed in the paper, especially concerning its structure, relationships with other ontologies, resources for development and utilization. The ontology of geoinformatics is a kind of domain ontology and has a layered structure consisting of syntactic and semantic layers. The corpus of this ontology is an existing multilingual dictionary of geographical information systems (GIS) enriched with terminology from other external sources. The building of the ontology is preceded by the development of a taxonomy and thesaurus of geoinformatics. The thesaurus database is converted into an OWL ontology by a Visual Basic application. The reusing of the ontology is proposed by its transformation in application ontologies for geoinformatics education.
German Exchange Rate Exposure at DAX and Aggregate Levels, International Trade and the Role of Exchange Rate Adjustment Costs
Authors: Entorf Horst , Jamin Gösta 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This article analyses value changes of German stock market companies in response to movements of the US dollar. The approach followed in this work extends the standard means of measuring exchange rate exposure in several ways, e.g. by using multifactor modelling instead of augmented Capital Asset Pricing Model, application of moving window panel regressions and orthogonalization of overall market risk vis-à-vis currency risk. A further innovation lies in testing the theoretical implications of exchange rate adjustment costs (hedging costs) for firm values and economic exposure. Based on time series and panel data of German Deutsche Aktien Xchange companies, Deutsche Mark/dollar rates and macroeconomic factors, we find a rather unstable, time-variant exposure of German stock market companies. Dollar sensitivity is positively affected by the ratio of exports/ gross domestic product (GDP) and negatively affected by imports/GDP. Moreover, as expected from theoretical findings, firm values and exchange rate exposure are significantly reduced by adjustment costs depending on the distance of the exchange rate from the expected long-run mean.
Currency Crises, Monetary Policy and Corporate Balance Sheets
Authors: Eijffinger Sylvester C. W. , Goderis Benedikt 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This paper studies how the exposure of a country’s corporate sector to interest rate and exchange rate changes affects the probability of a currency crisis. To analyze this question, we present a model that defines currency crises as situations in which the costs of maintaining a fixed exchange rate exceed the costs of abandonment. The results show that a higher exposure to interest rate changes increases the probability of crisis through an increased need for output loss compensation and an increased efficacy of monetary policy in stimulating output. A higher exposure to exchange rate changes also increases the need for output loss compensation. However, it lowers the efficacy of monetary policy in stimulating output through the adverse balance sheet effects of exchange rate depreciation. As a result, its effect on the probability of crisis is ambiguous.
Adolf Hitler's Parkinson's disease and an attempt to analyse his personality structure
Authors: Gerstenbrand Franz , Karamat Elisabeth 
Published: July 2007

It has been proved that Adolf Hitler suffered from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. No indication for postencephalitic parkinsonism was found in the clinical symptoms or the case history. Professor Max de Crinis established his diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in Hitler early in 1945 and informed the SS leadership, who decided to initiate treatment with a specially prepared ‘antiparkinsonian mixture’ to be administered by a physician. However, Hitler never received the mixture, this implies that the SS intended to remove the severely diseased ‘Leader’.Two different character traits can be analysed in Hitler's personality: on the one hand the typical premorbid personality of parkinsonian patients with uncorrectable mental rigidity, extreme inflexibility and insupportable pedantry. On the other an antisocial personality disorder with lack of ethical and social values, a deeply rooted tendency to betray others and to deceive himself and uncontrollable emotional reactions. This special combination in Hitler's personality resulted in the uncritical conviction of his mission and an enormous driving for recognition. The neuropsychiatric analysis of Hitler's personality could lead to a better explanation of the pathological traits of one of the most conspicuous historical personalities.
Inhibition of mitochondrial function in astrocytes: implications for neuroprotection
Authors: Voloboueva Ludmila A. , Suh Sang Won , Swanson Raymond A. , Giffard Rona G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMuch evidence suggests that astrocytes protect neurons against ischemic injury. Although astrocytes are more resistant to some insults than neurons, few studies offer insight into the real time changes of astrocytic protective functions with stress. Mitochondria are one of the primary targets of ischemic injury in astrocytes. We investigated the time course of changes in astrocytic ATP levels, plasma membrane potential, and glutamate uptake, a key protective function, induced by mitochondrial inhibition. Our results show that significant functional change precedes reduction in astrocytic viability with mitochondrial inhibition. Using the mitochondrial inhibitor fluorocitrate (FC, 0.25 mmol/L) that is preferentially taken by astrocytes we found that inhibition of astrocyte mitochondria increased vulnerability of co‐cultured neurons to glutamate toxicity. In our studies, the rates of FC‐induced astrocytic mitochondrial depolarization were accelerated in mixed astrocyte/neuron cultures. We hypothesized that the more rapid mitochondrial depolarization was promoted by an additional energetic demand imposed be the co‐cultured neurons. To test this hypothesis, we exposed pure astrocytic cultures to 0.01–1 mmol/L aspartate as a metabolic load. Aspartate application accelerated the rates of FC‐induced mitochondrial depolarization, and, at 1 mmol/L, induced astrocytic death, suggesting that strong energetic demands during ischemia can compromise astrocytic function and viability.
PECAM‐1 engagement counteracts ICAM‐1‐induced signaling in brain vascular endothelial cells2
Authors: Couty Jean‐Pierre , Rampon Christine , Leveque Mathilde , Laran‐Chich Marie‐Pierre , Bourdoulous Sandrine , Greenwood John , Couraud Pierre‐Olivier 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInteractions between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells are mediated by a complex set of membrane adhesion molecules which transduce bi‐directional signals in both cell types. Endothelium of the cerebral blood vessels, which constitute the blood–brain barrier, strictly controls adhesion and trafficking of leukocytes into the brain. Investigating signaling pathways triggered by the engagement of adhesion molecules expressed on brain endothelial cells, we previously documented the role of ICAM‐1 in activation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of several actin‐binding proteins and subsequent rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. In the present study, we show that, whereas PECAM‐1 is known to control positively the trans‐endothelial migration of leukocytes via homophilic interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, PECAM‐1 engagement on brain endothelial surface unexpectedly counteracts the ICAM‐1‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin and rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. We present evidence that the PECAM‐1‐associated tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 is required for ICAM‐1 signaling, suggesting that its activity might crucially contribute to the regulation of ICAM‐1 signaling by PECAM‐1. Our findings reveal a novel activity for PECAM‐1 which, by counteracting ICAM‐1‐induced activation, could directly contribute to limit activation and maintain integrity of brain vascular endothelium.
Dual Tachycardias Associating Double‐Exit Left Aortic Sinus Cusp Tachycardia with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence of a Link Between Both Arrhythmias by Means of the Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: BORTONE AGUSTÍN , COMBES NICOLAS , BOVEDA SERGE , ALBENQUE JEAN‐PAUL 
Published: July 2007

Introduction: Dual tachycardias associating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) with double‐exit left aortic sinus cusp tachycardia (LASCT) are described for the first time in a patient referred for AF ablation.
Case: Both tachycardias were successfully ablated under Carto‐Merge® guidance. Noteworthy, vagal denervation during AF ablation was responsible for an immediate decrease in LASCT occurrence and inducibility.
Conclusion: This case highlights the critical role that the autonomic nervous system plays within the cardiac arrhythmia framework.
Reduction of P‐Wave Duration and Successful Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: OGAWA MASAHIRO , KUMAGAI KOICHIRO , VAKULENKO MARTA , YASUDA TOMOO , SIEGERMAN CARIN , GARFINKEL ALAN , CHEN PENG‐SHENG , SAKU KEIJIRO 
Published: July 2007

Introduction: We hypothesize that successful pulmonary vein (PV) isolation can shorten the P‐wave duration in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results: We recorded magnified surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and P‐wave signal‐averaged ECG using 12 electrode leads before and after 31 PV isolation procedures in 27 patients with AF. The patients were followed for 16 ± 4 months. Repeat ablation studies documented failed PV isolation in seven patients with AF recurrences. At baseline, the maximal P‐wave duration in patients without AF recurrence (161 ± 7 msec) was slightly shorter than that in patients with AF recurrence (168 ± 10 msec, P < 0.05). After ablation, patients without recurrence showed a significant reduction of P‐wave duration from 161 ± 7 msec to 151 ± 8 msec (P < 0.0001). In contrast, no change of P‐wave duration was noted in patients with recurrences. These findings were confirmed with signal averaged ECG of the P‐waves. Three‐dimensional (3‐D) computer simulation using an atrial cell model showed that elimination of the muscle sleeves inside the PV resulted in a shortening of the P‐wave duration and change of the terminal portion of the P‐wave morphology. Conclusions: A significant shortening of P‐wave duration by P‐wave signal‐averaged ECG can be used as an indicator for successful PV isolation. These findings suggest that activation of the PV muscle sleeves may be an important component of the terminal portion of the P‐wave on surface ECG.
Biventricular Versus Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with AV Block (BLOCK HF): Clinical Study Design and Rationale
Authors: CURTIS ANNE B. , ADAMSON PHILIP B. , CHUNG EUGENE , JOHN SUTTON MARTIN ST. , TANG FENG , WORLEY SETH 
Published: July 2007

Background: Right ventricular (RV) pacing restores ventricular systole in patients with atrioventricular (AV) block, yet recent studies have suggested that in patients with AV block and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, RV pacing may exacerbate the progression to heart failure (HF). BLOCK HF is a prospective, multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial designed to determine whether patients with AV block, LV dysfunction (EF ≤ 50%), and mild to moderate HF (NYHA I‐III) who require pacing benefit from biventricular (BiV) pacing, compared with RV pacing alone. Objective: The primary objective of this trial is to determine whether the time to first event (all‐cause mortality, heart failure‐related urgent care, or a ≥ 15% increase in left ventricular end systolic volume index [LVESVI]) for patients with BiV pacing is superior to that of patients with RV pacing. Methods: Patients with AV block and LV dysfunction who require permanent pacing and undergo successful implantation of a commercial Medtronic CRT device, with or without an ICD, will be randomized to BiV or RV pacing. Patients are followed at least every 6 months until study closure. Up to 1,636 patients may be enrolled in 150 centers worldwide. Conclusion: BLOCK HF is a large, randomized, clinical study in pacing‐indicated patients with AV block, mild to moderate HF symptoms, and LV dysfunction to determine whether BiV pacing is superior to RV pacing in slowing the progression of HF.
Spontaneous Pulmonary Vein Firing in Man: Relationship to Tachycardia‐Pause Early Afterdepolarizations and Triggered Arrhythmia in Canine Pulmonary Veins In Vitro
Authors: PATTERSON EUGENE , JACKMAN WARREN M. , BECKMAN KAREN J. , LAZZARA RALPH , LOCKWOOD DEBORAH , SCHERLAG BENJAMIN J. , WU RICHARD , PO SUNNY 
Published: July 2007

Introduction: Rapid firing originating within pulmonary veins (PVs) initiates atrial fibrillation (AF). The following studies were performed to evaluate spontaneous PV firing in patients with AF to distinguish focal versus reentrant mechanisms. Methods: Intracardiac recordings were obtained in 18 patients demonstrating paroxysmal AF. Microelectrode (ME) recordings were obtained from superfused canine PV sleeves (N = 48). Results: Spontaneous PV firing (566 ± 16 bpm; 127 ± 6 ms cycle length) giving rise to AF (52 episodes) was observed. Tachycardia‐pause initiation was present in 132 of 200 episodes of rapid PV firing and 34 of 52 AF episodes. The pause cycle length preceding PV firing was 1,039 ± 86 ms following tachycardia (420 ± 40 ms cycle length). The remaining episodes were initiated following a 702 ± 32 ms pause during sinus rhythm (588 ± 63 ms). Spontaneous firing recorded with a multipolar mapping catheter did not detect electrical activity bridging the diastolic interval between the initial ectopic and preceding post‐pause sinus beat. Tachycardia‐pause initiated PV firing (138 ± 7 ms coupling interval) in patients correlated with tachycardia‐pause enhanced isometric force, early afterdepolarization (EAD) amplitude, and triggered firing within canine PVs. Rapid firing (1,172 ± 134 bpm; 51 ± 8 ms cycle length) following an abbreviated coupling interval (69 ± 12 ms) was initiated in 13 of 18 canine PVs following tachycardia‐pause pacing during norepinephrine + acetylcholine superfusion. Stimulation selectively activating local autonomic nerve terminals facilitated tachycardia‐pause triggered firing in canine PVs (5 of 15 vs 0 of 15; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The studies demonstrate (1) tachycardia‐pause initiation of rapid, short‐coupled PV firing in AF patients and (2) tachycardia‐pause facilitation of isometric force, EAD formation, and autonomic‐dependent triggered firing within canine PVs, suggestive of a common arrhythmia mechanism.