bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of “transfer learning” in optical microscopy: The petrographic classification of opaque minerals
Authors: Cai Yi-Wei , Qiu Kun-Feng , Petrelli Maurizio , Hou Zhao-Liang , Santosh M. , Yu Hao-Cheng , Armstrong Ryan T. , Deng Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The analysis of optical microscopic image data is crucial for the identification and characterization of mineral phases and, thus, directly relevant to the subsequent methodology selections of further detailed petrological exploration. Here, we present a novel application of Swin Transformer, a deep learning algorithm to classify mineral phases such as arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, gold, pyrite, and stibnite in images captured by optical microscopy. To speed up the training process and improve the generalization capabilities of the investigated model, we adopt the “transfer learning” paradigm by pre-training the algorithm using a large, general-purpose image data set named ImageNet-1k. Furthermore, we compare the performances of the Swin Transformer with those of two well-established Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) named MobileNetv2 and ResNet50, respectively. Our results highlight a maximum accuracy of 0.92 for the Swin Transformer, outperforming the CNNs. To provide an interpretation of the trained models, we apply the so-called Class Activation Map (CAM), which indicates a strong global feature extraction ability of the Swin Transformer metal mineral classifier that focuses on distinctive (e.g., colors) and microstructural (e.g., edge shapes) features. The results demonstrate that the deep learning approach can accurately extract all available attributes, which reveals the potential to assist in data exploration and provides an opportunity to carry out spatial quantization at a large scale (centimeters-millimeters). Simultaneously, boosting the learning processes with pre-trained weights can accurately capture relevant attributes in mineral classification, revealing the potential for application in mineralogy and petrology, as well as enabling its use in resource explorations.
Tolerance of free-floating aquatic macrophytes to sugarcane vinasse and its implications for phytoremediation strategies
Authors: Brito Luís Fernando Pereira de , Espíndola Evaldo Luiz Gaeta , Ogura Allan Pretti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Sugarcane vinasse is a byproduct of the ethanol industry that has been associated with environmental impacts, including ecotoxicity. However, several nature-based alternatives have been studied to attenuate environmental pollution, including phytoremediation. In such a scenario, this research aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of vinasse to aquatic plants, assessing the tolerance of three free-floating aquatic macrophytes, namely Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Salvinia auriculata. Five vinasse proportions (up to 20%) were considered to assess the short-term growth of aquatic plants. P. stratiotes and S. auriculata were more sensitive to vinasse than E. crassipes, which showed resistance at 10 and 20%. Lower dilutions were non-toxic and even stimulated the growth of macrophytes, which might contribute to the uptake of nutrients and potentially toxic elements. The selection of tolerant species contributes to the application of phytotechnologies, and the studied plants might have potential for the phytoremediation of vinasse.
Strategies to Mitigate Age-Related Bias in Machine Learning: Scoping Review
Authors: Chu Charlene , Donato-Woodger Simon , Khan Shehroz S , Shi Tianyu , Leslie Kathleen , Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi Samira , Nyrup Rune , Grenier Amanda 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundResearch suggests that digital ageism, that is, age-related bias, is present in the development and deployment of machine learning (ML) models. Despite the recognition of the importance of this problem, there is a lack of research that specifically examines the strategies used to mitigate age-related bias in ML models and the effectiveness of these strategies.ObjectiveTo address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of mitigation strategies to reduce age-related bias in ML.MethodsWe followed a scoping review methodology framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. The search was developed in conjunction with an information specialist and conducted in 6 electronic databases (IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the ACM digital library), as well as 2 additional gray literature databases (OpenGrey and Grey Literature Report).ResultsWe identified 8 publications that attempted to mitigate age-related bias in ML approaches. Age-related bias was introduced primarily due to a lack of representation of older adults in the data. Efforts to mitigate bias were categorized into one of three approaches: (1) creating a more balanced data set, (2) augmenting and supplementing their data, and (3) modifying the algorithm directly to achieve a more balanced result.ConclusionsIdentifying and mitigating related biases in ML models is critical to fostering fairness, equity, inclusion, and social benefits. Our analysis underscores the ongoing need for rigorous research and the development of effective mitigation approaches to address digital ageism, ensuring that ML systems are used in a way that upholds the interests of all individuals.Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework AMG5P; https://osf.io/amg5p
Reflection of Multiple Loading in The Deformation Model for Reconstructed Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Murashkin V. G. 
Published: March 2024

During the reconstruction, or upon expiration of the service life, as well as after external impact, reinforced concrete structures require examination and verification calculations. Existing diagrams of concrete deformation are focused on designing new structures and are not adapted to the concretes of the reconstructed structures.Using the exponential model of concrete deformation makes it possible to describe the resistance of concrete during reconstruction, including after repeated cyclic loading.A technique for creating an individual deformations model under cyclic load during the reconstruction is demonstrated on a specific example.
Superstition, Risk Aversion, and Audit Quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Dou Huan , Khoo Eunice S. , Tan Weiqiang , Zhang Janus Jian 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
We examine whether signing auditors’ perceptions of bad luck related to the Chinese zodiac-year superstition affect audit quality. We argue that these perceptions of bad luck heighten signing auditors’ sense of risk and lead them to act more cautiously in their zodiac years, leading to improved audit quality. We find that clients audited by lead engagement auditors in their zodiac years exhibit lower discretionary accruals and lower propensity to restate. The effects of zodiac-year superstition are evident among lead engagement auditors who are older and hold the partner title. The effects are also evident in large audit firms, which face greater reputation risk, and in provinces with a strong influence of traditional culture. In addition, we find some suggestive evidence that lead engagement auditors may increase audit effort during their zodiac years. Overall, our results support the contention that lead engagement auditors’ zodiac year beliefs positively affect audit quality.
JEL Classifications: D81; M40; M42; Z10.
Influence of marker-selection method in radiostereometric analysis of total knee arthroplasty on tibial baseplate migration patterns: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with 5-year follow-up
Authors: Van der Lelij Thies J N , Koster Lennard A , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J , Toksvig-Larsen Sören , Nelissen Rob G H H , Kaptein Bart L 
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose: Different marker-selection methods are applied to represent implant and tibial segments in radiostereometric analysis (RSA) studies of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Either a consistent set of markers throughout subsequent RSA examinations (“consistent-marker method”) is used or all available markers at each follow-up (“all-marker method”). The aim of this secondary analysis was to compare marker-selection methods on individual and group level TKA migration results.Methods: Data from a randomized RSA study with 72 patients was included. Tibial baseplate migration was evaluated at 3 months, 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively with both marker-selection methods. Additionally, migration was calculated using 5 fictive points, either plotted based on the consistent set of markers or all available markers.Results: Migration could be calculated with both marker-selection methods for 248 examinations. The same prosthesis and bone markers (n = 136), different prosthesis markers (n = 71), different bone markers (n = 21), or different prosthesis and bone markers (n = 20) were used. The mean difference in maximum total point motion (MTPM) between all examinations was 0.02 mm, 95% confidence interval –0.26 to 0.31 mm. 5 implants were classified as continuously migrating with the consistent-marker method versus 6 implants (same 5 plus one additional implant) with the all-marker method. Using fictive points, fewer implants were classified as continuously migrating in both marker-selection methods. Differences between TKA groups in mean MTPM were comparable with both marker-selection methods, also when fictive points were used.Conclusion: Estimated group differences in mean MTPM were similar between marker-selection methods, but individual migration results differed. The latter has implications when classifying implants for estimated risk of future loosening.
Barnehagelæreres profesjonsspråk i foreldresamtalen: Faglig nok for hvem?
Authors: Solberg Janne 
Published: March 2024

Å ha et fagspråk er av stor betydning for barnehagelæreryrkets selvforståelse og status som profesjon. Hva kjennetegner barnehagelærerens profesjonsspråk i foreldresamtalen, og hvordan kan samtaleanalytisk forskning bidra til større nyanser i debatten om profesjonsspråkets faglighet? Datamaterialet, som består av transkriberte lydopptak av ti foreldresamtaler, er analysert ved hjelp av etnometodologisk samtaleanalyse. I artikkelen argumenteres det for å undersøke profesjonsspråket i bruk, hvor teoretisk kunnskap og praktisk kunnskap antas å være integrert, framfor den vanlige forståelsen av profesjonsspråk forstått som fagterminologi. Analysen av foreldresamtaler demonstrerer hvordan språklige handlinger, i samkvem med institusjonelle rutiner, bidrar til å etablere vertikale rammer i møtene. Barnehagelærerens profesjonelle autoritet konstitueres ved at barnehagelæreren posisjonerer seg som berettiget til å styre agendaen og samtaleaktivitetene i møtet (deontisk autoritet), og ikke minst beskrive/vurdere barnet, så vel som foreldrenes bidrag i samtalen (epistemisk autoritet). Disse handlingene utføres i stor grad gjennom et hverdagsspråk, men det finnes også spor av mer akademisk faglighet i form av fagterminologi og referanser til forskning. På den ene siden kan det være ønskelig å intensivere ekspertrollen ved å styrke fagligheten i møtene. På den andre siden kan en slik profesjonaliseringsstrategi bidra til å utfordre det såkalte partnerskapsidealet som allerede er under press i foreldresamtalene.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Professional language in parent–teacher conferences in the early childhood education and care: Academic enough for whom?
A professional language is crucial for kindergarten teachers’ professional identity and status as a profession. What characterizes kindergarten teacher’s professional language in parent–teacher conferences, and how can conversation analytic research contribute to a more nuanced debate regarding degree of academic knowledge? The data material consists of 10 audio-recorded parent–teacher conferences, and the study is inspired by the ethnomethodological tradition, institutional talk. The article argues for grounding professional language in verbal actions strengthening the kindergarten teacher’s authority (deontic and epistemic), rather than academic vocabulary per se. The analysis shows that vertical frames and institutional routines organize the parent-teacher conference, where the kindergarten teacher constitutes herself as entitled to regulate talk and describe and evaluate the child as well as the parents’ talk. Mostly, this is accomplished through everyday language, but there are signs of academic knowledge too, in terms of vocabulary and reference to research. While it might be desirable to intensify the expert role through more use of expert knowledge, this strategy is at the same time likely to threaten the so-called partnership ideal, already under pressure.
Konvergensi pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Muhammad M Akhmad , Fattah Sanusi , Saudi Nur Dwiana Sari 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Konvergensi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Daerah/Kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data tersebut merupakan data time series dari tahun 2010-2021 dan data cross section yang terdiri dari 24 kabupaten/kota, sehingga merupakan data panel (pooled data). Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data PDRB, PDRB per kapita, pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analalisis Deskriptif dengan Indeks Williamson (IW), Analisi Deskriptif dengan Indeks Gini dan Analisis Deskriptif dengan Konvergensi Absolut dan Kondisional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bukti bahwa percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi konvergen dengan meningkatnya tingkat ketimpangan. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan ambang batas Indeks Williamson konsisten dengan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan konvergensi absolut dan relatif. Hasil analisis konvergensi absolut dan inkremental selama periode studi 2010 hingga 2021 menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi konvergensi ekonomi lokal dan regional di Provinsi Sulawesi, dengan nilai sekitar -0,09 dan -0,03 yang berada di antara -1 dan 0. Namun demikian, proses konvergensi tersebut semakin lambat untuk konvergensi absolut dan inkremental. Selain itu, penurunan Indeks Williamson dari tahun ke tahun sangat lambat.
Actual problems of admissibility of evidence: issues of obtaining and use
Authors: Derevyanko A.I. 
Published: March 2024

The article reveals the problematic issues of admissibility of evidence, as well as the types and criteria of admissibility defined in the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Proposals for improving the conceptual apparatus regarding the considered issues and provisions of the current legislation have been put forward. The relevance of the publication is determined by the need to improve the process of proof in the field of criminal justice and the development of effective mechanisms for the investigation of criminal offenses.
The purpose of preparing the article was to reveal the main provisions of the content of admissibility of evidence in the criminal justice system of Ukraine, as well as some relevant issues that are directly related to this. The prerequisites for the formation of the specified goal were the modern problems that arise during the pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings.
The author used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Thus, from the general scientific methods, in particular, the system-structural method, the method of functional analysis, from the special ones - formal- legal, logical-procedural methods, the method of comparative jurisprudence were used. The main legislative norms related to the topic of the publication have been analyzed.
The publication proves that the requirements that determine the procedure for obtaining evidence in relation to the possibility of their further use are conventionally divided into those that have a negative or positive content. Such a classification makes it possible to predict the behavior of an investigator, prosecutor or judge in implementing the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is also proven that in part 1 of Art. 86 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, it is advisable to establish the provision that the evidence is recognized as admissible if it is obtained in the manner established by the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, and not only the Code of Criminal Procedure. It is also noted that in Art. Art. 87 and 88 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine recognize certain conditions of inadmissibility of evidence related to a significant violation of human rights and freedoms and groundless use of evidence and information related to the identity of the suspect or accused. At the same time, any other violations of the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine can be considered relatively inadmissible, if only because of the insignificant nature of the legal consequences that arise and the real possibility of their elimination.
Protection of Rights of Undertakings and the Criminal Nature of Proceedings of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine: Practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court
Authors: Sus M.S. 
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to examination of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (the "CCU") and the Supreme Court (the "SC") regarding their perception and application of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (the "ECHR") on autonomous interpretation of the term "criminal charge" for the purpose of protecting human rights under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms (the "Convention"), to which Ukraine is a party, and equating the decisions of competition authorities to "criminal charges", in part of equating administrative proceedings of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine (the "AMCU") on holding undertakings liable for infringements of Ukrainian antimonopoly legislation to criminal proceedings in part of requirements for protection of rights of undertakings.
Analysis of the CCU's practice shows that it generally accepts and applies the ECHR's practice on equating certain administrative proceedings to "criminal" ones within the meaning of the Convention and extending criminal law guarantees to these proceedings. The CCU has not yet formed a position specifically with respect to criminal character of the AMCU's proceedings. At the same time, the CCU's positions developed considering the ECHR's practice, stating that criminal law principles and guarantees should apply to administrative proceedings concerning violations of customs rules, and the references made by the CCU to one of the most well-known ECHR's decisions on extending "criminal charge" to a decision of competition authority on imposition of a fine for violation of competition laws - A. Menarini Diagnostics S.R.L. v. Italy, when substantiating these positions, allow to assert the likelihood of the CCU equating the AMCU's administrative proceedings to criminal ones in part of requirements for protection of rights of undertakings, when this issue arises before it.
As for the Supreme Court, questions about application of the Engel criteria to the AMCU's proceedings on enforcement of antimonopoly legislation increasingly arise before it. Undertakings seek the SC's conclusions on application of these criteria to the AMCU's proceedings. The SC has been reluctant to form such conclusions and has denied their formation thus far. The SC's practice, where it recognized the AMCU's proceedings as criminal ones for the purpose of protecting rights of undertakings, is currently absent. Therefore, one can only wait to see how the SC's practice on this issue will develop in the future.
Subject of contract on supply of electricity while connecting to the distribution network
Authors: Kossak V. 
Published: March 2024

It is indicated that the subject of a civil contract is an essential condition for its conclusion. The definition of the concept and legal regime of the object of the contractual relationship is of decisive importance for the application of the provisions of the relevant legislation. In this context, it is necessary to find out the legal nature and characteristics of the subject of the contract on the supply of electricity through the connected network. This will contribute to streamlining law enforcement practice and theoretical positions on the understanding of electricity as an object of civil rights.
The content of a civil law contract consists of conditions defined by law or necessary for contracts of this type, as well as other conditions agreed by the parties. Among others, an essential condition is the subject of the contract. Electricity as an object of civil law has a property (commodity) nature. However, the specificity of electrical energy as a commodity with a special legal regime does not allow applying to its turnover the traditional mechanisms of legal regulation characteristic of a sales contract.
The subject of the contract for the supply of electricity through the connected network consists of two independent objects of civil rights: the activity of generating electricity for the purpose of its transmission to the consumer and the actual electric current of these objects is not possible within the definition of the subject of the contract of sale. The concept of "goods” in the legislation on the supply of electric energy through the connected network should be understood as an economic category. Legal form of economic civil turnover. The application of the relevant legislation depends on the characteristics of the subject of a specific civil contract, which is a legal form of mediating the dynamics of civil relations. Therefore, under the conditions of the recodification of the Civil Code of Ukraine, it is necessary to single out individual contractual forms of supply of energy resources through the connected network, taking into account the peculiarities of the substantive features of their legal and material nature, with reference to special legislation, which is the direct source base for the regulation of the commented relations.