bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
'Going Bush': Black Magic, White Ambivalence and Boundaries of Belief in Postcolonial Kenya
Authors: McIntosh Janet 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which contemporary white Kenyans know about, talk about and sometimes interact with what they call 'witchcraft' and 'magic' in ways they find deeply discomfiting. Although white Kenyans are at pains to justify their postcolonial advantages in Kenya in terms of a level-headed and pragmatic kind of personhood, many of them interact with indigenous religious ontologies more than ever, sometimes as manipulators of the occult and sometimes as its fear-stricken victims. Because of these contradictions between ideology and experience, white narratives about 'witchcraft' and 'magic' are frequently riddled with tensions and equivocations. Many white Kenyans find creative rhetorical strategies for dealing with these tensions, strategies that sometimes fly in the face of simple models of 'belief ' as a commitment to truth value by treating it as a state of vulnerability that can lay one open to mysterious ontological forces.
Jacobus Balduini: probably the author of the Summa feudorum Parmensis
Authors: Bezemer Kees 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe MS Parma Biblioteca Palatina 1227 contains a feudal summa which in the MS is ascribed to Jacques de Revigny. Many scholars have, rightly, disputed this attribution, without indicating, however, the name of its true author. Jacobus Balduini is suggested to be the one. This attribution is partly based on a 'profile' made of the summa and its similarity to Balduini's Libellus instructionis advocatorum. It is argued that some elements of the summa may be the work of Benedictus de Isernia, a pupil of Balduini.
Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gökbuget Nicola , Hoelzer Dieter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the early 1980s, adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was a rarely curable disease with overall survival < 10%. After adapting combinations employed by pediatric groups, the outcome improved to 30–40%. A period of stagnation followed with improvement only in distinct subgroups. In the past 5 years, however, striking new developments have been noticeable. Progress has been made in molecular diagnostics of ALL. Improvements to standard therapy including stem cell transplantation (SCT) have occurred and a variety of new drugs for ALL are under evaluation. Rapid diagnosis and classification of ALL is increasingly important to identify prognostic factors and molecular genetic subsets that will be the focus of “targeted” therapies as we enter the era of subset specific treatment. In the following review we will discuss treatment of adult ALL (excluding elderly patients,1 adolescents2 and patients with Ph/BCR-ABL positive ALL3).
Of Yeasts and Hyphae: A Hematologist’s Approach to Antifungal Therapy
Authors: Bow Eric J. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Improvements in anticancer treatments, the ability to modify myelosuppression profiles, greater duration and intensity of immunosuppression, and the variety of available antimicrobial therapies have influenced the spectrum of pathogens associated with invasive fungal infection complicating treatment of hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The approaches to the management of these infections encompass strategies of prevention for all those at risk, pre-emptive therapy based upon surrogates of infection before the onset of clinical disease, empirical therapy for patients with clinical evidence of early disease, and directed or targeted therapy for infected patients with established disease. Chemoprophylaxis is effective if applied to the highest risk patients over the duration of the risk. Pre-emptive strategies, while promising, have yet to be validated and linked to reliably predictive nonmicrobiological diagnostic techniques. Empirical antifungal therapy, as it is currently applied, now seems questionable. Patients with probable or proven invasive fungal infection still have suboptimal outcomes despite the availability of promising anti-fungal agents. Strategies examining the concept of dose-intensity and combination regimens require careful study and cannot yet be regarded as an acceptable standard of practice.
Outcomes with Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Scott Bart L. , Sandmaier Brenda M. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens were initially introduced to provide allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT), a potentially curative procedure for myeloid malignancies, for patients who were not considered eligible for conventional myeloablative HCT either because of advanced age or excessive comorbidities. A variety of RIC regimens have been studied. The exact definition of RIC remains arbitrary and generally depends upon the perceived toxicity of a given regimen rather than the actual dose of chemotherapy or radiotherapy administered. In several published series, RIC regimens have demonstrated a reduction in non-relapse mortality (NRM), thereby accomplishing the initial goal of expanding the patient population eligible for this potentially curative procedure. Most retrospective studies performed to date have shown a decrease in NRM and an increase in relapse-related mortality with the use of RIC as opposed to conventional myeloablative HCT in myeloid malignancies. This appears to be particularly true for patients who are in relapse at the time of HCT. In contrast, patients who are in remission at time of HCT appear to have a reduction in NRM without a subsequent increase in relapse-related mortality. There is interest in applying RIC to younger patients and to patients with fewer comorbidities as they may have a reduction in NRM without a concomitant increase in relapse. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to define the optimal conditioning regimen, which is likely dependent upon a variety of disease-specific and patient-specific factors.
Pharmacogenetics-Based Coumarin Therapy
Authors: Gage Brian F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo reduce the risk of hemorrhage, experts advocate prescribing the anticipated therapeutic dose to patients who are beginning coumarin therapy, but until now there was no accurate way to estimate that dose. Using pharmacogenetics-based coumarin therapy, clinicians can now estimate the therapeutic dose by genotyping their patients for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect coumarin metabolism or sensitivity.SNPs in the cytochrome P450 complex (CYP2C9) affect coumarin metabolism. Patients with either of two common variants, CYP2C9*2 or CYP2C9*3, metabolize coumarins slowly and are twice as likely to have a laboratory or clinical adverse event, unless their initial coumarin doses are reduced. SNPs in vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) correlate with coumarin sensitivity. Patients known to be homozygous for a common VKORC1 promoter polymorphism, −1639 G>A (also designated as VKOR 3673, haplotype A, or haplotype*2), should be started on lower coumarin doses than genotype GG patients. By providing an estimate of the therapeutic coumarin dose, pharmacogenetics-based therapy may improve the safety and effectiveness of coumarin therapy.
Effect of von Willebrand factor Y/C1584 on in vivo protein level and function and interaction with ABO blood group
Authors: Davies James Anthony , Collins Peter William , Hathaway Lee Sarah , Bowen Derrick John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBlood group O and the cysteine allele of the Y/C1584 change in von Willebrand factor (VWF) are enriched in type 1 VWD, but neither causes disease. We investigated the effect of C1584, alone and in combination with the ABO blood group, on the level and properties of plasma VWF. A cohort of 5052 blood donors was recruited: 50 donors were heterozygous for Y/C1584 and 5002 were homozygous for Y/Y1584. Mean VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) for heterozygotes (82 ± 35 IUdL−1) was significantly lower than for homozygotes (111 ± 37 IUdL−1) (P < .001). For each ABO blood group, VWF:Ag was decreased among Y/C1584 heterozygotes compared with Y/Y1584 homozygotes; a larger decrease was observed for group O. Among donors with VWF:Ag levels of 50 IUdL−1 or lower, Y/C1584 heterozygosity was markedly enriched (18%) compared with the entire cohort (1.5%). Blood group O was enriched to a lesser extent (2.4%), but Y/C1584 in conjunction with group O was strikingly enriched (34.8%). VWF collagen binding activity (VWF:CB) and ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) were significantly lower for Y/C1584 heterozygotes than for Y/Y1584 homozygotes, and a qualitative difference in Y/C1584 plasma VWF multimer profile was observed compared with that for Y/Y1584 VWF. The data support a multifactorial basis for low VWF levels in some individuals.
Exploring glycopeptide-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: a combined proteomics and transcriptomics approach for the identification of resistance-related markers
Authors: Scherl Alexander , François Patrice , Charbonnier Yvan , Deshusses Jacques M , Koessler Thibaud , Huyghe Antoine , Bento Manuela , Stahl-Zeng Jianru , Fischer Adrien , Masselot Alexandre , Vaezzadeh Alireza , Gallé Francesca , Renzoni Adriana , Vaudaux Pierre , Lew Daniel , Zimmermann-Ivol Catherine G , Binz Pierre-Alain , Sanchez Jean-Charles , Hochstrasser Denis F , Schrenzel Jacques 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
To unravel molecular targets involved in glycopeptide resistance, three isogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus with different susceptibility levels to vancomycin or teicoplanin were subjected to whole-genome microarray-based transcription and quantitative proteomic profiling. Quantitative proteomics performed on membrane extracts showed exquisite inter-experimental reproducibility permitting the identification and relative quantification of >30% of the predicted S. aureus proteome.

Results
In the absence of antibiotic selection pressure, comparison of stable resistant and susceptible strains revealed 94 differentially expressed genes and 178 proteins. As expected, only partial correlation was obtained between transcriptomic and proteomic results during stationary-phase. Application of massively parallel methods identified one third of the complete proteome, a majority of which was only predicted based on genome sequencing, but never identified to date. Several over-expressed genes represent previously reported targets, while series of genes and proteins possibly involved in the glycopeptide resistance mechanism were discovered here, including regulators, global regulator attenuator, hyper-mutability factor or hypothetical proteins. Gene expression of these markers was confirmed in a collection of genetically unrelated strains showing altered susceptibility to glycopeptides.

Conclusion
Our proteome and transcriptome analyses have been performed during stationary-phase of growth on isogenic strains showing susceptibility or intermediate level of resistance against glycopeptides. Altered susceptibility had emerged spontaneously after infection with a sensitive parental strain, thus not selected in vitro. This combined analysis allows the identification of hundreds of proteins considered, so far as hypothetical protein. In addition, this study provides not only a global picture of transcription and expression adaptations during a complex antibiotic resistance mechanism but also unravels potential drug targets or markers that are constitutively expressed by resistant strains regardless of their genetic background, amenable to be used as diagnostic targets.
Preliminary results of phase I trial of oral uracil/tegafur (UFT), leucovorin plus irinotecan and radiation therapy for patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Yasui Masayoshi , Ikeda Masataka , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Takemasa Ichiro , Ueda Takafumi , Shimizu Junzo , Fukunaga Mutsumi , Suzuki Osamu , Inoue Takehiro , Monden Morito 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Surgical attempts for locally recurrent rectal cancer often fail due to local re-recurrence and distant metastasis. Preoperative chemoradiation may enhance better local control and survival. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of oral uracil and tegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV), and irinotecan combined with radiation and determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of the triple drug regimen.

Patients and methods
Patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer received escalating doses of irinotecan on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (starting at 30 mg/m2, with 10 mg increments between consecutive cohorts) and fixed doses of UFT (300 mg/m2) plus LV (75 mg/day) on days 3 to 7, 10 to 14, 17 to 21, and 24 to 28. Radiation was given 5 days per week totaling 40 to 50 Gy (2Gy/day).

Results
Six patients were treated at the starting dose, and 2 received the full scheduled chemoradiotherapy. The other 4 patients had grade 3 diarrhea and diarrhea was the DLT. One patient had partial response and he had subsequently radical surgical resection. Median progression free survival for local recurrence was 320 days.

Conclusion
Irinotecan plus UFT/LV with concomitant radiotherapy in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer was not feasible due to diarrhea in this setting. Modification of the treatment is needed.
Cutaneous Community‐associated Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus among All Skin and Soft‐tissue Infections in Two Geographically Distant Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Hasty Molly B. , Klasner Ann , Kness Sean , Denmark T. Kent , Ellis Don , Herman Martin I. , Brown Lance 
Published: November 2006

Abstract Objectives To describe the culture results of cutaneous infections affecting otherwise healthy children presenting to two pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in the southeastern United States and southern California. Methods Medical records of 920 children who presented to the pediatric EDs with skin infections and abscesses (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 680.0–686.9) during 2003 were reviewed. Chronically ill children with previously described risk factors for community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) were excluded. Data abstracted included the type of infection; the site of infection; and, if a culture was obtained, the organism grown, along with their corresponding sensitivities. Results Of the 270 children who had bacterial cultures obtained, 60 (22%) were CA‐MRSA–positive cultures, most cultured from abscesses (80%). Of all abscesses cultured, CA‐MRSA grew in more than half (53%). All CA‐MRSA isolates tested were sensitive to vancomycin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, and gentamicin. One isolate at each center was resistant to clindamycin. The sensitivities at both institutions were similar. Conclusions The authors conclude that CA‐MRSA is responsible for most abscesses and that the pattern of CA‐MRSA infections in these geographically distant pediatric EDs is similar. These data suggest that optimal diagnostic and management strategies for CA‐MRSA will likely be widely applicable if results from a larger, more collaborative study yield similar findings.
A Δ20 set with no infinite low subset in either it or its complement
Authors: Downey Rod , Hirschfeldt Denis R. , Lempp Steffen , Solomon Reed 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe construct the set of the title, answering a question of Cholak, Jockusch. and Slaman [1], and discuss its connections with the study of the proof-theoretic strength and effective content of versions of Ramsey's Theorem. In particular, our result implies that every ω-model of must contain a nonlow set.
On the foundations: Statistical models and inference
Authors: Brenner D. , Fraser D. A. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of some recent results concerning statistical models and inference. specifically: grounds for statistical models. types of models that simplify by standard probability analysis, the use of categorical information in the reduction of the model with data, and the role of additives in the inference process. The relevant technical material has been developed elsewhere.
Analysis of a Sound Group: SL and TL in Norwegian
Authors: Haugen Einar 
Published: November 2006

It has long been known that the distinction between sl and tl, which existed in Old Norse, has been lost in the modern dialects of Norway. In his Norsk Grammatik of 1864 Ivar Aasen wrote:these sounds generally become one, and are rarely distinguished with any precision. In southeastern Norway [søndenfjelds] sl only is heard, thus esle instead of etla, lisle for litle, Fesling for Fetling. In western Norway [vestenfjelds] tl only is usually heard, thus hatl for hasl, kvitl for kvisl, reitla for reidsla. In northern Norway [nordenfjelds] they coalesce into a special sound, which resembles ltl, ltj, or lsch, but which cannot be otherwise designated with the usual letters.
Etudes D'anthroponymie Ancienne Française
Authors: Spitzer Leo 
Published: November 2006

M. Pauphilet, dans son article “Sur la Chanson de Roland” (Rom. LIX, 176) a montré l'origine toute littéraire, nullement historique, du personnage de l'ami “sage” et mesuré du turbulent et vaillant Roland: ce n'est que le poète Turoldus qui a pu être amené à créer ce contre-type de Roland;L'enthousiasme orgueilleux de Roland, la sagesse d'Olivier, ce contraste est la plus immortelle beauté du poème, ou pour mieux dire, il est l'essence même de l'episode de Roncevaux; la première mention d'Olivier auprès de Roland présuppose le poème, et la tombe d'Olivier à Blaye est un monument à la gloire du poète créateur.
The Optics of Love: Notes on a Concept of Atomistic Philosophy in the Theatre of Tirso de Molina
Authors: Halstead Frank G. 
Published: November 2006

Somewhat more than a century and a quarter past, Dugald Stewart, philosopher and critic second only to Sir William Hamilton, wrote:In considering the phenomena of perception, it is natural to suppose that the attention of philosophers would be directed, in the first instance, to the sense of seeing. The variety of information and of enjoyment we received by it; the rapidity with which this information and enjoyment are conveyed to us; and above all, the intercourse it enables us to maintain with the more distant part of the universe, cannot fail to give it, even in the apprehension of the most careless observer, a preeminence over all our other perceptive faculties. Hence it is, that various theories, which have been formed to explain the operations of our senses, have a more immediate reference to that of seeing; and that the greater part of the metaphysical language, concerning perception in general, appears evidently, from its etymology, to have been suggested by the phenomena of vision.
An Early Suitor of Mary Wollstonecraft
Authors: Nitchie Elizabeth 
Published: November 2006

Amongst the numerous fair ones to whom the singular Rector of Stukeley paid his addresses, was the once famous Mary Wolstonecraft [sic], distinguished during the period of the French Revolution for her democratical writings, and afterwards united to Mr. Godwin, author of St. Leon, &c. Several letters from this intellectual Amazon exist among the papers of the Rev. Gentleman.These words interrupted a search of the newspaper files for an item about Mary Shelley. Although that search proved futile, the bit of unexpected news about her famous mother was adequate reward for the effort. For the Reverend Joshua Waterhouse, the singular Rector of Stukeley—or more accurately Little Stukeley—was an entirely new character in the drama of Mary Wollstonecraft's life, unmentioned by and apparently unknown to any of her biographers. His identity and his history were soon made clear by other issues of the London newspapers, by the Huntingdon Gazette, and by two little books occasioned by his sudden and sordid death. And knowledge of his existence and of his character throws light on certain passages in Mary Wollstonecraft's writings.
Use of tanninsulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline
Authors: Taylor K. K. , Cole C. V. , Berry B. C. , Tito Viswanathan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolyaniline was synthesized in the presence of tanninsulfonic acid to yield a product tanninsulfonic acid‐doped polyaniline (TANI‐PANI) that is water‐dispersible. Several samples ranging from 0 to 70% tanninsulfonate (TS) were prepared. These samples were then evaluated for differences in dispersibility, particle size, and conductivity. As the percent of TS in the samples was increased, the water‐dispersibility of the TANI‐PANI also increased. The particle size of the samples as well as the conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing percentages of TS in the samples. After extensive washings, however, the conductivity remained fairly constant (∼0.5 S/cm) regardless of the amount of TS in the samples. Additionally, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR data were used to demonstrate that the TS may be grafted to polyaniline during the synthesis of TANI‐PANI. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2113–2119, 2007
Preparation and characterization of polyether‐based polyurethane dolomite composite
Authors: Ali Vazid , Neelkamal  , Haque Fozia Z. , Zulfequar M. , Husain M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA polyether polyol‐based two‐component polyurethane composite was prepared by a reaction of polypropylene glycol (PPG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) used as a crosslinker. The final reaction for the preparation of composite is carried out with processed polyether polyol and diphenylmethane 4,4′‐diisocyanate (MDI). The physicochemical properties of processed polyether polyol have been measured, such as viscosity, moisture content, and hydroxyl value. The composite has been formed with loading of inorganic filler dolomite [MgCa(CO3)2] with different filler ratios. It shows good adhesive strength and mechanical properties. Composite samples have also been studied for the effects of acids and bases, swelling in solvents, physical and mechanical properties such as compression strength, shore hardness A and D, tensile strength, and elongation. Some electrical properties have also been studied, viz. thermal conductivity, volume resistivity, and dielectric strength. A comparison of prepared polyether‐based polyurethane composite with some conventional polymeric materials suggests their suitability for various applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2337–2342, 2007
Interaction of La3+ and Ce4+ with polyethylene and polypropylene polymeric matrices
Authors: Ibrahim G. M. , Khalil F. H. , El‐Gammal B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe different modes of interaction of La3+ and Ce4+ as simulated radioactive lanthanides found in the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle with polyethylene and polypropylene macromolecules were considered. The various compositions were characterized before and after irradiation at different gamma ray doses. The mechanical properties including stress–strain parameters were also tested. The morphological and mechanical behaviors of the various composites were different from those of the corresponding pure polymers and affected by the chemistry of the interacting elements. Besides, the leaching characteristics were carried out using the short‐ and long‐term procedure; the leaching rates were evaluated as an index for immobilization of these lanthanides. Two semiempirical models were applied to find out the dominant leaching mechanism of La3+ and Ce4+. Dissolution associated with diffusion was the dominant leaching path and the elemental leaching characteristics depended upon its solubility in water. Diffusion coefficients and dissolution rate constants, the main parameters in the long‐term prediction model, were obtained using short‐ and long‐term experimental data. The model was found to be useful in predicting the long‐term behavior of such elements to assess the stability of the used waste forms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2141–2151, 2007