bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Infection of Opossums with Brucella abortus
Authors: Moore Cheryl Garby , Schnurrenberger Paul R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen opossums (Didelphis virginiana) trapped in east central Alabama were fed approximately 1.5 × 109 Brucella abortus colony forming units. Serologic responses to at least 1 of 3 tests developed in 8 of the 13 opossums. Brucella abortus was recovered from 18 of 159 blood samples from 4 of the 13 opossums and from 7 of 159 fecal samples from 6 of them. All culture-positive feces had been excreted within 4 days after exposure. Sixty-four urine, 123 saliva, and 78 vaginal samples were culture-negative. Eleven baby opossums, in their mothers' pouches at the time of capture, were culture-negative. Brucella abortus was isolated from 10 of 13 adult opossums.
Ten additional opossums were trapped and tested for brucellosis. One had a tube agglutination titer of 1:25, and B abortus was isolated from the liver and spleen. Brucella abortus was isolated from lung and spleen of 8 seronegative opossums. The remaining 8 opossums were negative to all tests.
Seroepidemiology of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in Colorado Antelope and Cattle
Authors: Collins M. T. , Gallegos T. A. , Reif J. S. , Adrian W. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A seroepidemiologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in Colorado cattle and antelope. Sera were tested by the microscopic agglutination test, using a standard battery of 12 antigens as well as 4 additional serovars of the Hebdo-madis serogroup: hardjo, szwajizak, sejroe, and balcanica.
Sera from 1,856 cattle and 544 antelope were tested. In both populations, the predominant serovar detected was hardjo; hardjo titers ≥1:400 were found in 3.2% of the cattle and 3.6% of antelope. A positive correlation was found to exist between serologic evidence of infection in cattle and the presence of antelope. In counties with presumably infected antelope, 5.6% of cattle sera reacted to hardjo; in counties with uninfected antelope, 2.6% of cattle tested were seropositive for hardjo; where no antelope existed, titers of ≥1:400 were not detected.
Glutaraldehyde Coagulation Test for Detection of Hypogammaglobulinemia in Neonatal Nondomestic Ruminants
Authors: O'Rourke Katherine I. , Satterfield William C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera were collected from 103 individuals of 26 species of nondomestic ruminant animals in 2 zoological collections. Eighteen were presumed not to have absorbed colostral proteins (group 1), 32 had consumed colostrum at least 12 hours before testing (group 2), and 53 were healthy adults (group 3). The γ-globulin concentration, as determined by zone electrophoresis, was ≤0.4 g/dl in 16 of 18 samples from the group 1 animals, and > 0.4 g/dl in 31 of 32 group 2 animals. The glutaraldehyde coagulation test was performed on each serum sample. The results were negative in 15 of 17 samples, with γ-globulin concentration ≤0.4 g/dl, and positive in 85 of 86 samples, with γ-globulin concentration >0.4 g/dl. The glutaraldehyde coagulation test appeared to be a practical field test for determining failure of passive transfer of maternal antibody in newborn nondomestic ruminant animals in zoological collections.
Viral Hepatitis (Adenovirus) in a California Sea Lion
Authors: Dierauf Leslie A. , Lowenstine Linda J. , Jerome Chris 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A juvenile California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) died 28 days after admission to the California Marine Mammal Center. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic fluid in the stomach and hepatomegaly. Histologically, there was evidence of multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and acute suppurative bronchopneumonia. Amphophilic intranuclear inclusions were found, and electron microscopy revealed virions morphologically classifiable as adenovirus.
Iatrogenic Salt Poisoning in Captive Sandhill Cranes
Authors: Franson J. Christian , Sileo L. , Fleming W. James 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Salt poisoning developed in captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) when sea salt was added to normal drinking water to produce a sodium chloride concentration of 1%. Two of 18 cranes died and 2 were euthanatized when moribund. Muscle weakness, paresis, dyspnea, and depression were observed. Brain and serum sodium, serum uric acid, and plasma osmolality values were abnormally high. Lesions were those of visceral gout, renal tubular necrosis, nephrosis, and skeletal muscle necrosis.
Avian Pox in Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrots
Authors: McDonald Scott E. , Lowenstine Linda J. , Ardans Alex A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a 1-month period at a quarantine station, an epornitic of avian pox occurred in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Clinical signs included conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and varying degrees of anorexia and respiratory distress. Lesions included periocular ulcerations and scabs and necrotic plaques in the oral cavity. Histologically, the lesions consisted of epithelial hyperplasia, secondary inflammatory changes, and eosinophilic inclusions which, by electron microscopy, were shown to contain poxvirus. When chicken embryos were inoculated with material from eyelid scabs and pharyngeal plaques, lesions of avian pox developed on the chorioallantoic membrane. The death rate of infected birds was high because of secondary bacterial and fungal infections, but uncomplicated cases were usually self-limiting. Periocular lesions also developed in 2 other species of psittacine birds housed in the same facility.
Bovine Mastitis: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns
Authors: Davidson J. N. , Babish J. G. , Dunny G. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Resistance to 15 antimicrobials was determined for Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in 302, 370, and 344 samples, respectively, from cases of bovine mastitis. The degree of association of resistance for all 2-way combinations of antimicrobials was calculated for each organism. Significantly high and low associations were reported. An association greater than 1 indicated an increased probability of resistance to the 2nd antimicrobial of a 2-way combination, whereas an association less than 1 indicated a low probability of resistance to the 2nd antimicrobial.
Pedal bone rotation as a prognostic sign in laminitis of horses
Authors: Stick John A. , Jann Henry W. , Scott Edward A. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We reviewed 91 cases of laminitis in horses admitted to the Michigan State University Veterinary Clinical Center between Jan 1, 1973 and Dec. 30, 1978. From information in the case records and from the results of a telephone questionnaire, cases were classified into 4 categories on the basis of return to athletic function. The degree of pedal bone rotation was inversely correlated with return to athletic performance. Horses with less than 5.5 degrees rotation returned to former athletic function, whereas horses with more than 11.5 degrees rotation lost their use as performance animals. Ponies had significantly more pedal bone rotation, when compared with horses.
Osseous cystlike lesions of the medial femoral condyle in the horse
Authors: Stewart Barbara , Reid Charles F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Osseous cystlike lesions of the medial femoral condyle were found in 32 horses admitted to the University of Pennsylvania between 1971 and 1978. Sex or breed predilection was not found. In 12 horses, osseous cysts were found in both hindlimbs. Of the 25 horses on which follow-up information was obtained, 16 became sound and useful between 4 months and 1 year after diagnosis. Horses that became lame before 3 years of age had a better chance for later soundness. Horses that became sound had significantly smaller cysts than those that remained lame.
Fibrinous pericarditis in the horse
Authors: Dill S. G. , Simoncini D. C. , Bolton G. R. , Rendano V. T. , Crissman J. W. , King J. M. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a period of 18 months, between July 1978 and January 1980, 4 adult horses were referred to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine with evidence of congestive heart failure. Characteristic clinical abnormalities included marked muffling of heart sounds, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, and peripheral edema. Treatment with antibiotics, diuretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs was unsuccessful, and all four died or were euthanatized and necropsied. At necropsy, there was marked distention of the pericardial sac with fluid, and thick layers of fibrin were deposited uniformly over the epicardium. In 3 cases, attempts to isolate bacteria and viruses from pericardial fluid were unsuccessful; in the 4th case, Actinobacillus equuli was isolated on culture of the pericardial fluid.
Detection of equine infectious anemia virus in a horse with an equivocal agar gel immunodiffusion test reaction
Authors: Issel C. J. , Adams W. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A horse whose serum reacted equivocally in the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test for equine infectious anemia was studied over a 3-year period. The horse remained afebrile and virus was detected in only 1 of 6 horse inoculation tests. The intensity of agid test reactions increased temporarily following this evidence for virus.
Although the agid test reaction was equivocal and 5 of the 6 transmission attempts failed, the 1 successful transmission proved the horse was infected.
Ileocolonic aganglionosis in white progeny of overo spotted horses
Authors: Hultgren Bruce D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The congenital absence of myenteric ganglia in the terminal portion of the ileum, cecum, and entire colon of white foals with overo spotted parents was reported. Males as well as females were affected. The foals were generally normal at birth but did not defecate. Signs of colic were noticed between 5 and 24 hours after birth, with death occurring at 23 to 132 hours.
Hemolytic anemia in horses after the ingestion of red maple leaves
Authors: Divers T. J. , George L. W. , George J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Signs of acute hemolytic anemia developed in 4 adult horses from 2 Georgia farms 3 to 4 days after the ingestion of wilted leaves from cut red maple trees (Acer rubrum). Clinical findings included weakness, polypnea, tachycardia, depression, icterus, cyanosis, and brownish discoloration of the blood and urine. Blood changes included methemoglobinemia, free plasma hemoglobin, decreased pcv, and Heinz bodies in erythrocytes. These findings plus hemoglobinuria suggested intravascular hemolysis. Three of the 4 horses died 5 to 7 days after ingestion of the leaves. Gross pathologic changes included generalized icterus, splenomegaly and swollen, black kidneys. Microscopic changes included tubular nephrosis with hemoglobin casts, vacuolization of centrilobular hepatocytes, and sequestration of erythrocytes in splenic sinusoids. A disease indistinguishable from the field cases was induced in a pony by the oral administration of dried, ground red maple leaves at a dosage of 1.5 g/kg. The findings of methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, and Heinz bodies suggested that the toxic principle of the red maple leaf was an oxidant.
Diagnosis of canine primary polycythemia and management with hydroxyurea
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Randolph John F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Severe polycythemia was found in 3 dogs with PCV of 68% to 70%. Direct rbc mass determinations were increased in all dogs, confirming absolute polycythemia. Cause for secondary polycythemia was not found in any of the dogs; serum erythropoietin concentrations were undetectable, consistent with primary polycythemia. The polycythemia and associated clinical signs were controlled successfully for extended periods (mean, 16.6 months), using phlebotomy followed by oral administration of hydroxyurea in loading and in daily maintenance dosages.
Ocular lesions of blastomycosis in the dog
Authors: Buyukmihci Ned 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-one dogs with ocular disease and blastomycosis were studied clinically. The most common ocular lesion was uveitis. Other findings included retinal separation, panophthalmitis, and glaucoma. The results of the study indicated that when uveitis is found in dogs in central United States, east of the Mississippi River, blastomycosis should be a diagnostic consideration. When the uveitis was associated with lung, lymph node, skin, bone, or testicular lesions, the likelihood of blastomycosis was greater.
Lateral approach to the canine elbow by proximal ulnar diaphyseal osteotomy
Authors: Lenehan Timothy M. , Nunamaker David M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A lateral approach to the elbow by proximal ulnar diaphyseal osteotomy was developed as an alternative to a number of currently used surgical approaches to that joint. The technique was easily performed, and it provided better visualization of the multiple joint compartments of the elbow than does any other technique. Repair of the osteotomy required a minimum of specialized equipment, and closure afforded excellent stabilization of the elbow and early return to function. In 3 cases, the versatility of the approach was demonstrated.
Gastric dilatation-volvulus in the dog, with emphasis on cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Muir William W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastric dilatation was diagnosed in 156 dogs during a 5-year period. The recurrence rate was 10% and the overall mortality was 43%. Large-breed dogs of either sex and ranging in age from 2 months to 15 years (mean age, 5.2 ± 2.9 years) were found to be susceptible to the problem. Cardiac arrhythmias were diagnosed in 48 of 115 (42%) affected dogs. Cardiac arrhythmias occurred most frequently between 12 and 36 hours after the onset of gastric dilatation-volvulus and were generally ventricular in origin.
Effects of dexamethasone on pancreatic tissue and on serum amylase and lipase activities in dogs
Authors: Parent Joane 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of dexamethasone on the pancreas and on pancreatic amylase and lipase activities were determined in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with neurologic disease. Dexamethasone increased serum lipase activity without any histologic damage to the pancreas in either group of dogs. It decreased serum amylase activity in the normal dogs and had a variable effect in dogs with neurologic disease, with or without confirmed pancreatitis.
It was suggested that high serum lipase activity in dexamethasone-treated dogs may not be attributable to pancreatitis and that the reasons are still unknown. It was concluded that high serum lipase activity is an unreliable basis for diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs treated with dexamethasone.
The data allowed no conclusion about an additive effect of dexamethasone and neurologic disease causing pancreatitis.
Inadequate skin preparation as a cause of intravenous catheter-related infection in the dog
Authors: Burrows Colin F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighty-eight dogs admitted to the intensive care unit of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine were studied to determine the frequency of intravenous catheter-related infection. Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. In group 1, the skin was prepared for catheter insertion by wiping with alcohol and tincture of iodine. In group 2, the skin was scrubbed with an iodine soap before final rinsing with alcohol and tincture of iodine. After withdrawal of each catheter, its tip was examined by bacteriologic culture, and the limb was examined for signs of phlebitis. Bacteria were isolated from 24 (48.9%) catheter tips in group 1 and from 6 (15.4%) in group 2 (P<0.005). Phlebitis was evident in 6 dogs in group 1, and in 1 dog in group 2. One death occurred in group 1, from causes possibly associated with catheter infection. These data suggest that catheter-related infection may be widespread in the dog and that it can be reduced by meticulous skin preparation.
Noniatrogenic rectal tears in three horses
Authors: Slone D. E. , Humburg J. M. , Jagar J. E. , Powers R. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Rectal tears were detected in three horses treated for colic. Based on historical, clinical, and postmortem findings, the tears could not be attributed to the attending veterinarian and were therefore not iatrogenic (physician induced). One tear was attributable to an infarction that presumably resulted from thromboembolism; 1 tear occurred without any evidence of external cause and resulted in such severe peritonitis that the cause could not be determined, and 1 tear occurred during rectal palpation by the owner, before he called the veterinarian. Postmortem examination of the last horse revealed lesions suggestive of thromboembolism. It was concluded that thromboembolism may have caused or predisposed to two of the rectal tears and could not be ruled out in the third.
Split-thickness autogenous skin transplantation in the horse
Authors: Booth Larry C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Single or multiple split-thickness autogenous skin transplants were applied to 20 limb wounds of 17 horses. The surface area of the wounds ranged from 25 to 200 sq cm. Grafts 0.635-mm thick were collected by use of an electric dermatome and were expanded on a mesh dermatome. The expanded mesh grafts were applied to wounds on 3 horses 4 days after injury. For the other 14 horses, grafts were applied after a granulation tissue bed had formed.
The grafts were secured to the recipient beds with sutures and a dressing composed of a foam pad and elastic adhesive tape or with the dressing alone. Further protection was provided by a plaster cast or bulky cotton bandage.
Graft acceptance ranged from 50% to 100%, with an average of 88%. Epithelialization was complete within 14 to 21 days in most cases. Grafts with greater than 60% acceptance resulted in a healed wound that was considered cosmetically acceptable.
Brain abscess in three horses
Authors: Raphel Corinne F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three horses with brain abscesses had different clinical manifestations: 1 had a protracted clinical course whereas 2 had a short clinical course. Clinical signs in 2 horses (1 acute case, 1 chronic case) included unilateral loss of vision, head tilt, circling, abnormal mental status, and ataxia. The 3rd horse had bilateral loss of vision, altered mental status, and apparent deafness. Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were inconsistent. The horse with the protracted clinical course had paradoxic central vestibular disease.
Bovine herpes mammillitis in two New York dairy herds
Authors: Letchworth Geoffrey Josiah , LaDue Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine herpes mammillitis was diagnosed in 2 New York dairy herds. Lesions ranged from vesiculation and ulceration of large (up to 10 cm wide) areas of udder and teat skin to single small (2–3 cm wide) plaques of edema. Some lesions resembled “umbilicated pocks” characteristic of cowpox virus infections. Recently freshened heifers were the most severely affected; older cows and heifers with less turgid udders had milder lesions. In 2 cows, incurable mastitis developed. In other cows, the lesions healed by centripetal growth of epidermis into the lesions. Diagnosis was made by isolation of bovid herpesvirus 2 from lesions in both herds and by serum-neutralization testing. Virus isolated from a cow in 1 herd was injected into 9 members of the same herd and may have been responsible for the absence of lesions on these animals; all other members of the herd were affected.
Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with diarrhea
Authors: Libal Melissa C. , Gates Constance E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antimicrobial sensitivities were determined for 1,037 Escherichia coli isolates cultured from the intestines of pigs with diarrhea. In vitro resistance by at least 1 isolate of E coli was demonstrated to each antimicrobial tested. Isolates from suckling pigs were more often resistant to chloramphenicol than were those from weaned pigs. Significantly more E coli from weaned pigs were resistant to kanamycin and neomycin than were those from suckling pigs. Escherichia coli that were the primary cause of diarrhea (colibacillosis isolates) were significantly more resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin than were noncolibacillosis isolates. The opposite was true for ampicillin.
Computed tomography of orbital tumors in the dog
Authors: LeCouteur Richard A. , Fike John R. , Scagliotti Randall H. , Cann Christopher E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Computed tomography (ct) was used to investigate orbital tumors in 3 dogs. Tumors were clearly defined on transverse ct scans by their inherent density and gross distortion of normal orbital anatomy. Dorsal images synthesized from the original transverse scans were also used to visualize size and extent of tumors. Use of an iodinated contrast medium did not appear to improve localization of tumors in the orbit but was useful for identification of tumor extension into the calvaria. It was concluded that ct offered advantages over existing methods of radiographic diagnosis of orbital tumors and exophthalmos.
Clinical experience with hydralazine for treatment of otherwise intractable cough in dogs with apparent left-side heart failure
Authors: Hamlin Robert L. , Kittleson Mark D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eleven dogs with mitral regurgitation and severe cough were given hydralazine for reduction of systemic arterial pressure. The treatment was stopped and then restarted. Heart rates were measured and cough was assessed subjectively by the clients during each period. While the dogs were receiving hydralazine, heart rate and severity of cough decreased, when compared with periods either before or between treatments. Clinical improvement may have resulted from increased cardiac output or reduction in regurgitation. The improvement also may have resulted from effect on pulmonary function inasmuch as we had no evidence that the signs were a result of heart disease.
Effect of combined antibiotic therapy on fertility in brood bitches infected with Brucella canis
Authors: Johnson Cheri A. , Bennett Marian , Jensen Richard K. , Schirmer Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bitches with naturally occurring Brucella canis infection were treated with combined antibiotic therapy consisting of tetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. After treatment, all but 1 bitch became abacteremic, and serologic titers declined for a variable length of time (3 months to 1 year). Abortion did not occur while these bitches were abacteremic.
Although sequential antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks did not eradicate Brucella canis from affected bitches, it did prevent abortion. The number of live pups whelped and weaned by treated bitches was comparable with that in bitches before they became infected.