bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receiving Information on Machine Learning‐Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Psychiatric Services Increases Staff Trust in These Systems: A Randomized Survey Experiment
Authors: Perfalk Erik , Bernstorff Martin , Danielsen Andreas Aalkjær , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical decision support systems based on machine learning (ML) models are emerging within psychiatry. To ensure their successful implementation, healthcare staff needs to trust these systems. Here, we investigated if providing staff with basic information about ML‐based clinical decision support systems enhances their trust in them.MethodsWe conducted a randomised survey experiment among staff in the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region. The participants were allocated to one of three arms, receiving different types of information: An intervention arm (receiving information on clinical decision‐making supported by an ML model); an active control arm (receiving information on standard clinical decision process without ML support); and a blank control arm (no information). Subsequently, participants responded to various questions regarding their trust/distrust in ML‐based clinical decision support systems. The effect of the intervention was assessed by pairwise comparisons between all randomization arms on sum scores of trust and distrust.ResultsAmong 2838 invitees, 780 completed the survey experiment. The intervention enhanced trust and diminished distrust in ML‐based clinical decision support systems compared with the active control arm (Trust: mean difference = 5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2%; 9%], p value < 0.001; Distrust: mean difference = −4% [−7%; −1%], p value = 0.042) and the blank control arm (Trust: mean difference = 5% [2%; 11%], p value = 0.003; Distrust: mean difference = −3% [−6%; −1%], p value = 0.021).ConclusionProviding information on ML‐based clinical decision support systems in hospital psychiatry may increase healthcare staff trust in such systems.
‘I was there because I needed to be there’: A qualitative study of the experience of older adults hospitalised with COVID‐19 in Australia
Authors: Cheong David , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Chiang Lynn , Rolls Kaye 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the experiences of older adult patients hospitalised with COVID‐19 infection by identifying any issues they encountered, how they were able or unable to adapt, as well as their opinion of such issues.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted by inviting a purposive sample of older adults from a metropolitan tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia, to undertake semi‐structured telephone interviews. Data was analysed using a thematic approach and adhered to the COREQ guidelines.ResultsA total of 16 participants were interviewed. Three predominant themes were identified from their described experiences. The majority accepted that hospitalisation was necessary for their recovery. The use of single isolation rooms affected their psychological state; however, this could have impacted them either positively or negatively. The quality of nursing care received elicited emotions of self‐worth and participants also reported a variety of experiences ranging from positive to negative.ConclusionsThis study identified common themes of situational acceptance and the psychological impacts of both isolation and nursing care quality as important towards the overall experience amongst older adults who had been hospitalised with COVID‐19. Opportunities to improve the patient experience were also identified, and practical next steps such as tailoring the type and delivery of care to individual patient needs and preferences may assist in this.
Comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to male factor infertility aimed at natural fertility: A multicentric retrospective cohort study
Authors: Grande Giuseppe , Garolla Andrea , Graziani Andrea , Astorri Anna Laura , Cammarota Maria Vittoria , Merola Annamaria , Polidori Maria Pia , Lulli Emanuela , Busato Enrico , Pesce Francesco , Pompa Giuseppina , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Milardi Domenico , Ferlin Alberto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn infertile couples whose male partner has alterations in semen parameters frequently, a comprehensive andrological approach is lacking and approximately 30–50% are classified as idiopathic infertility. These couples are often directly addressed to assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs). However, several clinical conditions may benefit from medical treatment. By acting on etiology and/or risk factors, this aims at improving seminal parameters and restoring natural fertility.ObjectivesTo verify the impact of a comprehensive andrological assessment on the management of infertility (in particular, in couples with isolated male factor infertility) using as the primary outcome the natural pregnancy rate.Materials and MethodsA multicenter retrospective study was conducted between 2015 and 2022 in 1014 couples with primary infertility seeking natural conception (including 266 couples with previous ART failure). Each couple underwent a multidisciplinary evaluation. This involved: a gynecologist and an andrologist both with expertise in infertility, a psychologist when requested, and a fertility awareness practitioner according to a unique diagnostic and therapeutic multidisciplinary protocol.ResultsAn isolated male factor was found in 23% of couples. In 45%, it was associated with female factors also. The comprehensive diagnostic approach reduced the proportion of idiopathic infertility to 8% of the couples. Targeted treatment, based on diagnostic categories, was associated with spontaneous pregnancy in 40.9% of the couples. In the 233 cases without female factors, normal semen parameters were observed only in 13% of patients. Male genital tract inflammation was observed in 48.8% of the patients, genital tract infection in 43.1%, and hypospermatogenesis in 16.7%. Patients with infections were treated with antibiotics and probiotics. If further inflammation was documented, this was followed by low‐dose corticosteroids and antioxidants. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment was used in patients with hypospermatogenesis, and varicocele repair surgery was performed in four patients.Discussion and ConclusionsOur data underline the efficacy of a comprehensive approach to the diagnostic process of male factor infertility, both in reducing the percentage of idiopathic infertility and in restoring natural fertility based on a targeted treatment.
“Who Islamises us?”: Does political ideology moderate the effects of exposure to different Great Replacement Conspiracy explanations on radical collective action against different targets?
Authors: Çakmak Hakan , Mang Valentin , Long Feiteng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConspiracy theories against outgroups (e.g., the Great Replacement Conspiracy [GRC]) are believed to fuel radicalisation. Two experimental studies with British and American samples (Ntotal = 1690) examined how different GRC narratives and political ideologies influence radical collective action against Muslims and ideologically opposed political elites. We predicted that the Muslim conspirator and left‐wing conspirator (vs. control) narratives would increase radical action intentions against Muslims among right‐wingers (Hypothesis 1). We also predicted that the left‐wing conspirator narrative (vs. other conditions) would increase radical action intentions against left‐wing elites among right‐wingers (Hypothesis 2a), and the Muslim conspirator narrative (vs. control) would do the same (Hypothesis 2b). Furthermore, we predicted stronger radical intentions towards right‐wing elites among left‐wingers when exposed to the left‐wing conspirator condition (Hypothesis 3). Despite limited support for these hypotheses, both studies showed that exposure to any GRC narrative increased radical intentions against Muslims, suggesting that the conspirator group does not play a strong role in anti‐Muslim radicalisation. The lack of statistically significant effects on other targets may be due to conservative hypothesis testing. Theoretical and societal implications are discussed, providing critical conceptual and methodological avenues for future research on conspiracy theories and radicalisation.
Targeting FDX1 by trilobatin to inhibit cuproptosis in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Wei Jiajia , Lan Guozhen , Zhang Wenfang , Ran Wang , Wei Yu , Liu Xin , Zhang Yuandong , Gong Qihai , Li Haibo , Gao Jianmei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and PurposeDoxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent, whose use is limited owing to its dose‐dependent cardiotoxicity. Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Trilobatin (TLB), a naturally occurring food additive, exhibits strong antioxidant properties, but its cardioprotective effects in DIC is unclear. This study investigates the cardioprotective effect of TLB on DIC.Experimental ApproachDOX was used to generate an in vivo and in vitro model of cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to evaluate the cardiac function in these models. To identify the targets of TLB, RNA‐sequence analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, surface plasmon resonance binding assays and protein immunoblotting techniques were used. Transmission electron microscopy, along with dihydroethidium and Mito‐SOX staining, was conducted to examine the impact of trilobatin on mitochondrial oxidative stress. SiRNA transfection was performed to confirm the role of ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) in DIC development.Key ResultsIn DIC mice, TLB improved cardiac function in a dose‐dependent manner and inhibited myocardial fibrosis in DIC mice. TLB also attenuated DOX‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced cardiac mitochondrial oxidative stress. TLB was found to directly bind to FDX1 and suppresses cuproptosis after DOX treatment, causing significant inhibition of cuproptosis‐related proteins.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis is the first study to show that TLB strongly inhibits DIC by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and controlling DOX‐mediated cuproptosis by targeting FDX1. Therefore, TLB is as a potential phytochemical cardioprotective candidate for ameliorating DIC.
Fathers' Experiences in Parenting Autistic Children: A Qualitative Study
Authors: André Tatiane Geralda , Prizantelli Laura Marques , de Lucca Milena , Esper Marcos Venicio , Machado‐Kayzuka Giovanna Cristina , Pinto Manoela Henriques , Silva‐Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAutism can disrupt family dynamics and affect childcare. However, fathers' roles in childcare are rarely explored in the literature. The study aims to analyse paternal experiences in caring for autistic children. This is a secondary analysis conducted from qualitative data, focusing on interpreting the meanings of fathers' experiences in caring for autistic children. Participant recruitment was twofold: in‐person via a non‐governmental Brazilian organization to assist children with disabilities and remotely through social networks. The principles of inductive content analysis guided this analysis. The study analysed 11 interviews with fathers of autistic children, revealing two main themes, each comprising subthemes: (1) between traits and embraces: understanding autism and building support networks and (2) paternal experiences in caring for autistic children and their confrontations in building a future. The fathers' active participation in his autistic child's daily life was crucial in promoting communication, mitigating challenging behaviours and encouraging social interaction, laying a foundation for future studies in this area.
Localized Foot Amyloidosis From Monoclonal B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: McIntyre Emma R. , Sharma Jasdeep K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLocalized cutaneous amyloidosis is a rare dermatologic finding necessitating extensive diagnostic workup to include serum protein electrophoresis, fat pad biopsy, and imaging to rule out underlying hematologic disease or systemic involvement. Herein we detail a case of AL amyloidoma in a 73‐year‐old male that presented as chronic violaceous patches of the bilateral feet. Punch biopsy of these lesions revealed congo red‐positive amyloid deposits, and further testing revealed an underlying monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis that remained stable at 6 months follow up. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing localized amyloidoma from systemic disease and other hematological malignancies.
The Bridge: Supernatant Derived From Cytological Sample Preparations
Authors: Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe scope and extent of molecular cytopathology in the era of precision medicine has been expanding in recent years. The versatility of cytology specimen preparations has provided ample opportunity for the cytopathology community to evolve, innovate and ‘do more with less’ using limited amounts of tissue. More recently, cytology‐derived supernatant liquid biopsy samples have been identified as a substantial source of high‐quality genomic material that can be interrogated for genotyping for therapeutic decision‐making, as well as other roles in cancer screening for early‐stage disease, longitudinal monitoring for therapeutic response and disease prognostication. These novel substrates, including supernatants from body fluids such as urine, pleural effusion, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, as well as fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, serve as a bridge between tissue‐based testing and conventional liquid biopsy testing from the patient's plasma. Cytologically derived liquid biopsy samples can only be used in situations where the tissue sample is inadequate for genotyping, or when plasma‐based liquid biopsy fails to identify an oncogenic driver alteration, but they can be used as a stand‐alone complementary specimen source that can provide reliable genomic information for therapeutic decisions. This review aims to highlight some of the advances in the field and the clinical applications of the cytology‐derived supernatant specimen.
Chromosomal localization of PHOX2B during M‐phase is disrupted in disease‐associated mutants
Authors: Sato Yuki , Hayashi Shinichi , Oe Souichi , Koike Taro , Nakano Yousuke , Seki‐Omura Ryohei , Iwashita Hikaru , Hirahara Yukie , Kitada Masaaki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the M‐phase, the nuclear membrane is broken down, nucleosomes are condensed as mitotic chromosomes, and transcription factors are generally known to be dislocated from their recognition sequences and dispersed to the cytoplasm. However, some transcription factors have recently been reported to remain on mitotic chromosomes and facilitate the rapid re‐activation of the target genes in early G1‐phase. Paired‐like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) is a transcription factor exhibiting chromosomal localization during M‐phase. PHOX2B mutations are associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, and neuroblastoma. In this study, we investigated PHOX2B chromosomal localization during M‐phase through immunostaining and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis to determine whether the chromosomal localization of disease‐associated PHOX2B mutants is altered during M‐phase. Missense mutations in the homeodomain and the frameshift mutation in the C‐terminal domain disrupted the chromosomal localization of PHOX2B in M‐phase, leading to its dispersion in the cell. Furthermore, a PHOX2B mutant with polyalanine expansion showed a line‐shaped localization to the restricted region of mitotic chromosomes. Our findings suggest an association between the disease‐associated mutations and defective chromosomal localization of transcription factors during M‐phase. Further investigations of PHOX2B chromosomal localization during M‐phase could reveal pathogenic mechanisms of such diseases.
Guidelines for the management of diabetes‐related ketoacidosis (DKA) have been poorly adopted and implemented, resulting in a lack of improvement in outcomes
Authors: Sharma Angelica , Rengarajan Lakshmi , Narendran Parth , Dhatariya Ketan , Kempegowda Punith ,   DEKODE Working Group
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsThe Joint British Diabetes Society‐Inpatient (JBDS‐IP) group recommends reducing fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion (FRIII) from 0.1 to 0.05 units/kg/h when blood glucose falls <14 mmol/L to reduce the risk of complications associated with acute management of diabetes‐related ketoacidosis. However, whether this change results in real‐world improvements is not known.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of DKA admissions between October 2021 and March 2023 across five hospitals in the United Kingdom. We collated data on demographics, biochemical profiles, management interventions, complications, and outcomes.ResultsWe identified 753 DKA admissions. There was a slow uptake of reduced‐rate FRIII, reaching 49.7% over 18 months. In DKA episodes where FRIII rate reduction guidelines were adopted, there was a significant lag (median [IQR] hours) between starting 10% Dextrose and FRIII rate reduction when blood glucose became <14 mmol/L (0.5 (0.1–1.8) vs. 3.2 (0.7–6.5), p = 0.00001). There was no significant reduction in hypoglycaemia (16.5% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.344) in episodes that adopted FRIII reduction. There were no significant differences in the frequency of hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, DKA duration, and length of stay between episodes with FRIII rate reduction versus those without FRIII.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates suboptimal adoption of guidelines. Therefore, it was perhaps unsurprising that no favourable effect on the rate of complications or outcomes in DKA episodes with reduced‐rate FRIII was demonstrated. In DKA episodes where FRIII rate reduction was adopted, there was a significant delay in adjusting the FRIII when glucose levels were <14 mmol/L. Understanding the barriers and facilitators is vital in creating resources to safely implement guidelines.
An Unintended Consequence? The Impact of Higher Education Expansion on the Retake Rate of the College Entrance Examination
Authors: Guo Yanbin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHigh participation systems (HPS) of higher education (HE) are common throughout the world. The consequences of HE expansion has attracted enough academic attention; however, much less discussed is the impact of the HE expansion on retaking the college entrance examination. Drawing upon China's provincial panel data, a battery of econometric methods, and the effectively maintained inequality theory, this paper explores whether and how HE expansion influences the retake rate of college entrance examinations. Estimation results suggest that HE expansion leads to an increase in retake rates. For every unit increase in HE expansion intensity, the retake rate increases by 0.014 percentage points. This is an unintended impact of HE expansion on retake rates in the context of increased access to HE worldwide and an overall decline in retake rates worldwide. Above findings still hold after an array of robustness checks. This positive relationship is more prominent in provinces with more key higher education institutions (HEIs) than in provinces without key HEIs. This implies the diploma devaluation of ordinary HEIs might be one of the reasons for the increase in retake rates due to HE expansion. The findings of this paper will be informative for economies that have experienced HE expansion.
Regional Disparities in Literacy and Numeracy Skills Among Romanian Adults: Evidence From e‐PASS 2023
Authors: Stancea Andreea , Corbu Nicoleta , Buzoianu Corina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article investigates regional disparities in Romanian adults' numeracy and literacy skills. We analyse a novel data set that combines the assessment of numeracy and literacy competencies of the adult population in Romania with information about regional economic conditions and educational administrative data. Using a background questionnaire and a cognitive test following e‐PASS methodology and tools (everyday‐life Practices and Skills Survey), the study is one of the first to assess the key skills of the Romanian adult population. The e‐PASS survey is based on the Literacy Assessment and Monitoring Programme (LAMP), developed by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), and corresponds to PIAAC levels 1 and below 1. The findings indicate that individuals performing better at literacy and numeracy assessments have higher levels of education, are part of younger generations, and live in urban areas and economically developed Romania's regions. The results of this study provide a detailed picture of the current situation and can serve as a benchmark against which to compare current results in the region or future longitudinal findings.
Fake reviews in the ‘here and now’: Psychological distance and falsified online reviews
Authors: Harris Lloyd C. , Istanbulluoglu Doga 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is a growing popularity of consumer reviews on online platforms that is attached to an increase in the pervasiveness of falsified online reviews. The key aim of this study is to provide insights into how falsified online reviews are created by exploring the perceptions of the psychological distance of the creators of falsified reviews. We conducted 48 in‐depth interviews with online reviewers who were actively engaged in reviewing food and beverage serving outlets. We investigated four dimensions of psychological distance (spatial, temporal, social, and hypothetical) and how they are linked to the valence of the review. Our findings illustrate that the way online reviewers cognitively process the psychological distance between themselves and the target of their review shapes how falsified online reviews are created. We also provide an inventory of propositions regarding how individuals' psychological distance from their subject relates to the valance of falsified online reviews. We conclude with a discussion of contributions and implications.
Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Diagnostic Tool for Auditory (Axonal) Neuropathy
Authors: Zanin Julien , Rance Gary 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAxonal neuropathies are disorders that impair neural transmission, leading to substantial sensory deficits. In the auditory system, axonal degeneration can disrupt auditory processing, causing significant hearing difficulties. Understanding the extent of axonal degeneration and its impact on auditory function is crucial for improving diagnosis and management. This study aims to quantify axonal degeneration in the VIIIth nerve using diffusion‐weighted MRI and to correlate these findings with auditory function.MethodsFifty‐two children and adults participated. A total of, 27 with normal hearing, 7 with cochlear hearing loss and 18 with auditory neuropathy (AN). Hearing thresholds and dMRI data was collected for all participants and the VIIIth nerve was evaluated using the fixel‐based analysis metric of Apparent Fibre Density (AFD).ResultsAFD was significantly lower in participants with AN compared to participants with normal hearing and cochlear hearing loss (p < 0.05). 9/18 participants with AN exhibited AFD values ≥ 2 standard deviations below the normal range. Additionally, AFD was strongly correlated with hearing thresholds in participants with no evidence of cochlear dysfunction (r = −0.776, p < 0.001), suggesting reduced auditory nerve fibre density is associated with impaired sound detection.ConclusionsdMRI‐derived AFD is a sensitive marker for axonal degeneration in the VIIIth nerve. This study provides the first in vivo evidence linking VIIIth nerve microstructure with hearing thresholds, highlighting the potential of dMRI in diagnosing and monitoring AN. The findings suggest that dMRI could be a valuable tool in clinical settings for assessing auditory nerve health and guiding treatment strategies for individuals with AN.