bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Financial Literacy on Retirement Preparedness in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Md Hasnol Alwee Pg Hj Md Salleh Pg , Baha Roslee 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, the role of financial literacy vis-à-vis retirement preparedness in Brunei Darussalam is assessed through structured interviews with 700 public sector employees. The analysis examines not only their retirement preparations but also the challenges or concerns they foresee in retirement. An attempt is also made to understand the justifications of those without an additional retirement plan. Using Pearson’s chi-squared test, the results indicate that financially literate respondents are more knowledgeable about retirement needs, attend financial seminars and invest further into their retirement schemes on a voluntary basis. For those with an additional retirement plan, financially literate respondents also tend to seek professional guidance, and include land and insurance in their retirement plans to a greater extent compared to less financially literate respondents. For those without an additional plan, other current pressing commitments and the availability of family support are the main justifications. Despite the limitations of purposive sampling, the chapter underlines the value of financial literacy in retirement planning, which provides impetus for policymakers to incorporate financial literacy initiatives in the workplace, education system and other teachable opportunities, notably for older employees who earn relatively modest salaries and possess lower educational attainment.
Ketogenic diet induces an inflammatory reactive astrocytes phenotype reducing glioma growth
Authors: Rosito Maria , Maqbool Javeria , Reccagni Alice , Mangano Micol , D’Andrea Tiziano , Rinaldi Arianna , Peruzzi Giovanna , Silvestri Beatrice , Rosa Alessandro , Trettel Flavia , D’Alessandro Giuseppina , Catalano Myriam , Fucile Sergio , Limatola Cristina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of a ketogenic diet (KD) in glioma is currently tested as an adjuvant treatment in standard chemotherapy regimens. The metabolic shift induced by the KD leads to the generation of ketone bodies that can influence glioma cells and the surrounding microenvironment, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the potential involvement of glial cells as mediators of the KD-induced effects on tumor growth and survival rate in glioma-bearing mice. Specifically, we describe that exposing glioma-bearing mice to a KD or to β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), one of the main KD metabolic products, reduced glioma growth in vivo, induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in astrocytes and increased functional glutamate transporters. Moreover, we described increased intracellular basal Ca2+ levels in GL261 glioma cells treated with β-HB or co-cultured with astrocytes. These data suggest that pro-inflammatory astrocytes triggered by β-HB can be beneficial in counteracting glioma proliferation and neuronal excitotoxicity, thus protecting brain parenchyma.
Free-by-cyclic groups are equationally Noetherian
Authors: Kudlinska Monika , Valiunas Motiejus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A group G is said to be equationally Noetherian if every system of equations in G is equivalent to a finite subsystem. We show that all free-by-cyclic groups are equationally Noetherian. As a corollary, we deduce that the set of exponential growth rates of a free-by-cyclic group is well ordered. Along the way, we prove that free-by-cyclic groups with polynomially growing monodromies of infinite order admit non-elementary 4-acylindrical actions on trees. We show that the splittings arising from the improved relative train track machinery of Bestvina et al. (Ann Math 161:1–59, 2005) [6] are 2-acylindrical, when the growth is at least quadratic.
The Sticky Particle Dynamics of the 1D Pressureless Euler-Alignment System as a Gradient Flow
Authors: Galtung Sondre Tesdal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We show how the sticky dynamics for the one-dimensional pressureless Euler-alignment system can be obtained as an

$$L^2$$

L
2

-gradient flow of a convex functional. This is analogous to the Lagrangian evolution introduced by Natile and Savaré for the pressureless Euler system, and by Brenier et al. for the corresponding system with a self-interacting force field. Our Lagrangian evolution can be seen as the limit of sticky particle Cucker–Smale dynamics, similar to the solutions obtained by Leslie and Tan from a corresponding scalar balance law, and provides us with a uniquely determined distributional solution of the original system in the space of probability measures with quadratic moments and corresponding square-integrable velocities. Moreover, we show that the gradient flow also provides an entropy solution to the balance law of Leslie and Tan, and how their results on cluster formation follow naturally from (non-)monotonicity properties of the so-called natural velocity of the flow.
Late gadolinium enhancement in areas with electrically fractionated potentials during sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Takami Mitsuru , Imamura Kimitake , Sakai Jun , Nakamura Toshihiro , Yatomi Atsusuke , Sonoda Yusuke , Takahara Hiroyuki , Nakasone Kazutaka , Yamamoto Kyoko , Tani Kenichi , Iwai Hidehiro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Shoda Mitsuhiko , Yonehara Shogo , Murakami Atushi , Hirata Ken-ichi , Fukuzawa Koji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The areas with electrically fractionated potentials (AEFP) during sinus rhythm are related to non-pulmonary vein triggers and may serve as substrates of atrial fibrillation (AF) maintenance. However, the histological properties of these compounds remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) properties of AEFP in patients with AF. We enrolled 15 patients with AF who had undergone LGE magnetic resonance imaging before catheter ablation. AEFP in the left atrium was detected using the HD-Grid and NavX systems after pulmonary vein isolation. We compared LGE properties between AEFP and the surrounding non-fractionated areas (non-AEFP). LGE heterogeneity and density were evaluated through entropy (LGE entropy) and the volume ratio of the enhancement voxel (LGE volume ratio), respectively. Thirty-three AEFP were detected in the left atrium. LGE entropy and LGE volume ratio were significantly higher in AEFP than in non-AEFP [LGE entropy: 6.2 (6.1–6.4) vs. 5.9 (5.8–6.0), p ≤ 0.0001; LGE volume ratio: 23.0% (17.2–29.0%) vs. 10.4% (3.4–20.2%), p ≤ 0.0001]. The atrial voltages did not differ [2.4 (1.3–3.7) vs. 2.5 (1.9–3.1) mV, p = 0.96]. AF recurrence was more significantly found in patients with more than three AEFP than in those without it (log-rank test: p = 0.009). AEFP is likely to be distributed in heterogeneous and moderate LGE areas, regardless of the atrial voltage.
The financial impact and utilization of inpatient dermatology services: historical insights and future implications
Authors: Burke Olivia , Hartoyo Mara , Lin Rachel , Kirsner Robert S. , Elman Scott A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Skin diseases affect millions of Americans, imposing a large financial burden on the U.S. healthcare system annually. Inpatient dermatology is a subspecialty focused on treating complicated skin diseases in hospitalized patients. Utilization of these services enhances diagnostic accuracy, shorten hospital stays, lower readmission rates, and improve patient outcomes. However, studies have indicated an overall decline in inpatient dermatology consultations and dermatology as primary admitting services. Currently, only two academic hospitals in the United States grant dermatologists admitting privileges, indicating decreased exposure to inpatient dermatology in residency despite the need for more hospital-based dermatologists. Therefore, this narrative review aims to characterize the financial impact and utilization of inpatient dermatology services. Historical and recent data consistently highlight the financial benefit of dermatologic hospitalizations and poor utilization of inpatient dermatology consultations. Teledermatology consultations also improve diagnostic accuracy and expedite interventions to improve patient outcomes. However, challenges like reduced reimbursement, lack of protocols, and limited resident training in inpatient dermatology have discouraged dermatologists from providing inpatient consultations. Policy changes are needed to promote these services that benefit patients as well as health systems.
Unification of methods for new types of fuzzy sets: general approximation spaces with relational morphisms
Authors: Močkoř Jiří 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a general method that can be used to unify the theoretical results for several new MV-valued fuzzy sets, such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic fuzzy sets, fuzzy soft sets, or multivalued fuzzy sets and their mutual combinations. The results created in this way have properties identical to analogous results for classic MV-valued fuzzy sets, and it is not necessary to prove these results separately for each new type of fuzzy sets. To illustrate this general method, we will show how two related fuzzy Chang topologies can be derived in these new types of fuzzy sets from general approximation spaces.
A new mathematical optimization-based method for the m-invariance problem
Authors: Tobar Nicolau Adrián , Castro Jordi , Gentile Claudio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Privacy preserving dynamic data publication aims at protecting data while simultaneously preserving its utility when the data is published dynamically. For static data (i.e., data published only once), privacy is based on concepts such as k-anonymity and

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-differential privacy. In contrast, for dynamic data, the notions of m-invariance and

$$\tau $$

τ

-safety are considered. However, most current approaches focus solely on guaranteeing m-invariance and

$$\tau $$

τ

-safety without paying attention to the quality of the solution, such as maximizing utility. We propose a new heuristic approach for the NP-hard combinatorial problem of m-invariance and

$$\tau $$

τ

-safety, which is based on a mathematical optimization column generation scheme. The quality of a solution to m-invariance and

$$\tau $$

τ

-safety can be measured by the Information Loss (IL), a value in [0, 100], the closer to 0 the better. We show that our approach improves by far current heuristics, reducing IL by more than

$$60\%$$

60
%

and, in some instances, by more than

$$95\%$$

95
%

.
A clinicopathological study of IgG4-related autoimmune hepatitis and IgG4-hepatopathy
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Notohara Kenji , Tobari Maki , Abe Masanori , Umemura Takeji , Takahashi Atsushi , Tsutsui Akemi , Ito Takanori , Tsuneyama Kohichi , Masamune Atsushi , Harada Ken-ichi , Ohira Hiromasa , Kawano Mitsuhiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
Although IgG4-related autoimmune hepatitis (IgG4-AIH) and IgG4-hepatopathy have been proposed as hepatic phenotypes of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), their definitions and concepts remain insufficiently established. This study aims to conduct a clinicopathological investigation of cases reported as potential IgG4-AIH or IgG4-hepatopathy.

Methods
In previous nationwide epidemiological studies conducted in 2015 and 2018, we registered 1096 cases of IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). Among these, 19 cases were identified as potential IgG4-AIH by the attending physicians, and other 20 cases as potential IgG4-hepatopathy with available liver histology were further evaluated using immunohistochemistry to assess the possibility of IgG4-AIH or IgG4-hepatopathy. For this purpose, we provisionally established diagnostic criteria for IgG4-AIH and IgG4-hepatopathy, primarily based on the comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD, which include IgG4 + cell count > 10/HPF and an IgG4 + /IgG ratio > 40%.

Results
Of the 19 cases, 2 were diagnosed as IgG4-AIH, with IgG4 + cell counts/HPF of 25.3 and 18.7, and IgG4 + /IgG ratios of 310.2% and 53.4%, respectively. Neither storiform fibrosis nor obliterative phlebitis was observed in the liver of these cases, and both responded excellently to corticosteroid treatment. In addition, from other 20 cases, we diagnosed 8 cases as IgG4-hepatopathy, with IgG4-SC and autoimmune pancreatitis being present in 7 and 2 cases, respectively.

Conclusion
This study identified two cases of IgG4-AIH and eight cases of IgG4-hepatopathy. Further studies are necessary to explore the occurrence of IgG4-AIH using these diagnostic criteria in the AIH cohort. The presence of IgG4-hepatopathy may facilitate the diagnosis of IgG4-SC.
Assessment of oral health-related quality of life and oral side effects of radioactive iodine therapy
Authors: Yemenoglu Hatice , Peker Kadriye , Köse Taha Emre , Günaçar Dilara Nil , Bülbül Ogün 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the impact of oral health problems on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among female patients received Radioactive iodine (131I) therapy.

Materials and methods
This unmatched case-control study was conducted on 40 female patients (20 cancer free controls and 20 patients treated with 131I therapy). Data were collected via clinical examination, self reported questionnaire including the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), salivary tests, socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics.

Results
There were significant differences in the total number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces, stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates, and periodontal indices between the study and control groups in the unadjusted analysis. Age adjusted analysis revealed significant differences in the stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates, periodontal indices, physical pain domain scores between groups. No significant differences were observed between groups in the xerostomia severity and OHRQoL. In study group, the score for the OHIP-14 psychological discomfort domain was negatively correlated with both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates. The total OHIP-14 score and its domain scores of physical pain and psychological disability were correlated positively with the severity of xerostomia, but negatively correlated with number of the repeated 131I therapy.

Conclusions
Due to xerostomia, patients reported worse OHRQoL in the domains of physical pain, psychological discomfort and disability. They had worse periodontal status and tooth brushing habits than healthy controls.

Clinical relevance
The findings of this study may provide a valuable insight on the oral health problems and needs of target group when planning a a team-based care.
Quasi-static modeling of long-wave axis deviations in planetary gears for transmission error signal analysis
Authors: Nohl Simon , Westphal Christian , Brecher Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Planetary gears are widely used in large transmission applications, such as wind turbines, hydropower plants and industry, due to power density, high gear ratio and efficiency advantages. The advancement of predictive maintenance and gear system design processes is essential to enhance the ratio between durability and used material of gearbox components. Preventing possible downtime due to unforeseen failures in between maintenance intervals also increases resource efficiency. In this paper, a quasi-static FE-based method is presented that calculates the running behavior of planetary gear stages considering time variant and time invariant axis misalignments, tooth flank deviations as well as the influence of coupled meshing areas. A contact algorithm is presented, taking into account load dependent deviations of an adjustable sun gear onto the contact behavior, which is widely used to compensate load-sharing issues. The model can consider these deviations and their influence on the contact behavior hence their characteristic frequency order spectrum. In the future, vibration signatures taking into account manufacturing as well as load dependent deviations can be created to help identifying misalignments in transmission error data. The method can then be used for end of line tests as well as the evaluation of the rest of useful life based on local pressure distributions and tooth root stresses.
Experiential learning through virtual reality by-proxy
Authors: Veitch Nicola , Donald Claire , Judge Andrew , Carman Christopher , Scott Pamela , Taylor Sonya , Marks Leah , Edmond Avril , Kirkwood Nathan , McDonnell Neil , Macpherson Fiona 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used as a teaching and learning tool, however scaling this technology is difficult due to technological and cost considerations. An alternative approach that helps to address these problems is VR-by-proxy, where teaching takes place within a VR environment that is controlled by one lecturer and broadcast to students online. This allows the content to be accessed without specialist equipment while still offering an immersive and interactive experience. Taking advantage of the enforced move to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study evaluates the implementation of a novel VR-by-proxy disease diagnostic laboratory VR simulation within an undergraduate life sciences course in a higher education setting. Student participants were randomly allocated into two groups: the test group, who took part in a VR-by-proxy lesson; and a control group, who worked with interactive online lab manual material. We assessed improvement in learning and enjoyment through questionnaires before and after these tasks and collected qualitative data on student attitudes towards VR through focus groups. Our results indicate that although there is no observable difference in learning outcomes between the two groups, students in the test group reported an improved learning experience, confidence and enjoyment of learning. In our focus groups, confidence was understood in two ways by participants: firstly, as ‘understanding’ of the various steps involved in conducting a quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment and secondly as a more general ‘familiarity’ with the laboratory setting. This study adds to the growing body of research into the effectiveness of VR for learning and teaching, highlighting that VR-by-proxy may provide many of the same benefits.
The effect of high-intensity versus photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on the regeneration of the sciatic nerve following crush injury: an animal study
Authors: Bayburt Kemal Atakan , Diker Nurettin , Aydin Mehmet Serif , Dolanmaz Dogan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the therapeutics effects of photobiomodulation and high intensity laser therapy after a sciatic nerve crush injury. Following the crush injuries of sciatic nerve, 33 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The injured sciatic nerves of the rats in the control group were left to heal spontaneously, whereas HILT (120 J/session and 1064 nm) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) (2.4 J/session and 650 nm) were started immediately after surgery and performed once every 3 days (10 session in total) during the postoperative period. Electrophysiological evaluations were conducted before surgery and at the end of the healing period. The Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was assessed before surgery and at the end of the healing period. The ratio of the inner axonal diameter to the total outer axonal diameter (g-ratio) and schwann cells per square micrometer were histomorphometrically evaluated. At the end of the 30-day healing period, significantly better SFI scores were noted in the HILT group compared with PBM (p=0.002) and control (p < 0.001) groups. HILT exhibited positive effects on latency and duration values when compared PBM (p=0.002, p=0.014) and control (p=0.003, p < 0.001) groups. The number of nerves with an optimum g-ratio was higher in the HILT group which indicates a better rate of myelination. Functional, histomorphometric, and electrophysiological investigations of the present study revealed that HILT seems to be a superior treatment modality for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Pressure-volume curves of fine roots reveal intraspecific variation across different elevations in a subalpine forest
Authors: Masumoto Taiga , Hashimoto Yuki , Ito Takumi , Takahashi Koichi , Makita Naoki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Water conservation in fine roots can be important for the adaptation of trees to cold, nutrient-poor ecosystems. Although pressure–volume (p-v) curve traits are commonly used to assess leaf water conservation, little is known about their intraspecific variation in fine roots and their association with root functional traits, such as morphology and chemistry. Here, we aimed to determine the p-v curve traits of Betula ermanii and Abies mariesii fine roots at 2,000 and 2,500 m elevations and explore their intraspecific variation with root morphological and chemical traits in a subalpine forest. Turgor loss point (πtlp), relative water content at πtlp, osmotic potential at full hydration, and capacitance at full turgor (Cft) were evaluated as p-v curve traits. Additionally, root diameter, specific root length, and root tissue density (RTD) were assessed as morphological traits, and nitrogen (N) content was measured as a chemical trait. For A mariesii roots, the Cft was lower, and πtlp was more negative at 2,500 m than at 2,000 m. The p-v curve traits of B ermanii roots remained unchanged with elevation. There were strong correlations between RTD and πtlp and between N content and πtlp and Cft, especially for A. mariesii. These results indicated A. mariesii adjusted p-v curve traits with RTD and N content and achieved water conservation in fine roots at higher elevations. The p-v curve traits, particularly πtlp and Cft, reflected diverse tree strategies for environmental acclimation with fine-root carbon economy. Our findings highlighted the importance of adjusting water relation traits for acclimation to cold and nutrient-poor subalpine regions, particularly for evergreen coniferous species. The p-v curve traits revealed diverse fine-root water relation traits as a basis for water conservation capacity by preserving root function under stress conditions and enabling prolonged resource acquisition in a subalpine forest.
Dirac Cohomology and $$\Theta $$-correspondence for Complex Dual Pairs
Authors: Afentoulidis-Almpanis S. , Liu G. , Mehdi S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the behavior of Dirac cohomology under Howe’s

$$\Theta $$

Θ

-correspondence in the case of complex reductive dual pairs. More precisely, if

$$(G_1,G_2)$$

(

G
1

,

G
2

)

is a complex reductive dual pair with

$$G_1$$

G
1

and

$$G_2$$

G
2

viewed as real groups, we describe those Harish-Chandra modules

$$\pi _1$$

π
1

of

$$G_1$$

G
1

with nonzero Dirac cohomology whose

$$\Theta $$

Θ

-liftings

$$\Theta (\pi _1)$$

Θ
(

π
1

)

still have nonzero Dirac cohomology. In this case, we compute explicitly the Dirac cohomology of

$$\Theta (\pi _1)$$

Θ
(

π
1

)

.