bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin in healthy volunteers after exercise-induced calf-muscle ischemia
Authors: Falkensammer Juergen , Stojakovic Tatjana , Huber Kurt , Hammerer-Lercher Angelika , Gruber Ingrid , Scharnagl Hubert , Fraedrich Gustav , Santner Wolfram , Schocke Michael , Greiner Andreas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:535–40.
Quality specifications: self pleasure for clinical laboratories or added value for patient management?
Authors: Plebani Mario 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnalytical quality specifications play a key role in assuring and continuously improving high-quality laboratory services. However, I believe, that there are two “missing links” in the effective management of quality specifications in the delivery of laboratory services. The first is the evidence that pre-analytical variation and related problems are not taken into great consideration by laboratory professionals. The second missing link is the communication of quality specifications to clinicians and other possible stakeholders. If quality specifications represent “the level of performance required to facilitate clinical decision-making”, they cannot be used only for internal quality management procedures but must be communicated to facilitate clinical reasoning, decision-making and patient management. A consensus should be achieved in the scientific community on these issues to assure better utilization of laboratory data and, ultimately, improved clinical outcomes.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:462–6.
Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ-2) gene is associated with greater insulin sensitivity and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population
Authors: Meshkani Reza , Taghikhani Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Bahrami Yadollah , Khatami Shohreh , Khoshbin Ehteram , Ghaemi Amir , Sadeghi Sedigheh , Mirkhani Fatemeh , Molapour Azam , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: April 2007

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:477–82.
Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood
Authors: Petit Dominique , Touchette Évelyne , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVES. Our aim for this study was to determine the prevalence of dyssomnias and various parasomnias in early childhood and to describe their temporal evolution, gender differences, and correlates.METHODS. This research is part of a longitudinal study of child development. A randomized, 3-level, stratified survey design was used to study a representative sample of infants who were born in 1997–1998 in the province of Quebec (Canada). When the children were 2.5 years of age, 1997 families agreed to be interviewed. The presence of dyssomnias or parasomnias was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire that was completed by the mother at each round of measures.RESULTS. The percentage of children with frequent night wakings decreased steadily from 36.3% at age 2.5 to 13.2% at age 6. Similarly, the percentage of children who had difficulty falling asleep at night decreased significantly from 16.0% at ages 3.5 and 4 to 10% at age 5 and to 7.4% at age 6. The overall prevalence of each parasomnia for the period studied was as follows: somnambulism, 14.5%; sleep terrors, 39.8%; somniloquy, 84.4%; enuresis, 25.0%; bruxism, 45.6%; and rhythmic movements, 9.2%. Persistent somnambulism at age 6 was significantly correlated with sleep terrors and somniloquy. Persistent sleep terrors at age 6 were also correlated with somniloquy. Finally, persistent sleep terrors at age 6 were correlated with frequent night wakings. Separation anxiety was associated with persistent night wakings and with somnambulism, bruxism, sleep terrors, and somniloquy.CONCLUSIONS. There is a high prevalence of night wakings and sleep-onset difficulties in preschool children. Parasomnias are highly prevalent in early childhood and are associated with separation anxiety. However, they have little impact on sleep duration.
Brain Abnormalities in Patients With Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome
Authors: Freeman Alexandra F. , Collura-Burke Christina J. , Patronas Nicholas J. , Ilcus Lidia Stana , Darnell Dirk , Davis Joie , Puck Jennifer M. , Holland Steven M. 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVES. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a multisystem disorder with abnormalities of the immunologic, connective tissue, and skeletal tissue systems. Central nervous system abnormalities have not been considered a feature of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. We aimed to determine whether central nervous system abnormalities detected on brain MRI exist in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome and to characterize any identified abnormalities.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Fifty patients aged from 3 to 52 years (mean: 24 years) with established diagnoses of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome had MRI of the brain as part of an hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome natural history protocol. Abnormalities were described, measured, counted, and mapped. Patient charts were reviewed for neurologic findings and blood pressure measurements.
RESULTS. Focal brain lesions exhibiting high signal intensities on flow-attenuated inversion recovery and on T2-weighted techniques were found in 35 of the 50 patients. The focal hyperintensities were predominantly in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, and the number ranged from 2 to &gt;50. The hyperintensities occurred more frequently in adults than in children, and no association with elevated blood pressure was found. Five patients had lacunar infarctions. Chiari type 1 malformations were found in 9 of 50 patients. Two patients had infectious complications presenting on MRI as cerebritis in 1 patient and as a hemorrhagic infarct in the other; both were found on autopsy to be fungal. Neurologic abnormalities were present in 1 patient with a lacunar infarction, the 2 patients with infectious complications, and in 1 patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a berry aneurysm.
CONCLUSIONS. Central nervous system abnormalities are common in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Focal T2 hyperintensities, not appreciated previously, represent a prominent feature of this rare disease that may assist in diagnosis. The etiology and clinical implications of these abnormalities remain to be investigated.
Mineralization of atrazine in agricultural soil: Inhibition by nitrogen
Authors: Garcés Rosa Angélica Guillén , Hansen Anne M. , van Afferden Manfred 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Microbial mineralization of atrazine was characterized in soils and liquid media in the presence of nitrogen fertilizer concentrations representing typical field applications. The mineralization of atrazine in soils varied between 6 and 99% after 18 d of incubation. Half-lives of between 0.99 and more than 18 d were obtained. Mineralization kinetics and degree are related by a reciprocal trend to concentrations of available nitrogen in the soil. In liquid media, half-lives were calculated as 0.12 d in the absence of fertilizer nitrogen and as 79 d in the presence of 1,000 mg/L of KNO3-N. Only 20% of atrazine was mineralized after 18 d of incubation in the presence of this concentration of KNO3-N, whereas greater than 90% mineralization occurred after 2 d of incubation in liquid medium without KNO3-N. The results demonstrate that the mineralization of atrazine is inhibited even at fertilizer nitrogen levels lower than typical field applications. Inhibition in soil is lower than that in liquid medium, possibly because of the higher complexity of the soil system. This may explain why atrazine that infiltrates to the groundwater is persistent. The microbial consortium of the soils was characterized, and seven species were identified. The degrading capacity of these species suggests that only three species are involved in the degradation of atrazine.
Genetic impoverishment in laboratory cultures of the test organism Chironomus riparius
Authors: Nowak Carsten , Vogt Christian , Diogo João Barateiro , Schwenk Klaus 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Genetic diversity among laboratory and field populations of Chironomus riparius was investigated using microsatellite DNA analysis. Individuals of midge cultures reared in 10 different laboratories showed a clear reduction in the number of alleles per locus and in the level of heterozygosity compared to two natural populations sampled in southern Germany. To reconstruct the rate of genetic impoverishment under laboratory conditions, genetic diversity was monitored in a C. riparius laboratory population for 23 generations. Additionally, 11 populations originating from different laboratories were crossed, and genetic diversity was compared among pure, crossed, and natural populations. The results demonstrate that C. riparius strains used in standard toxicity tests exhibit low levels of genetic variability. In addition, our experiments show that refreshment of stocks with individuals from other laboratories is not sufficient to restore genetic variation. Potential consequences of genetic impoverishment and improvements for toxicological bioassays are discussed.
The Long Walk VI - «Lors Du Travail De Terrain, Il Faut Être Comme Un Poisson Dans L'eau»: Un Entretien Avec Joseph Tubiana
Authors: Casciarri Barbara 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Joseph Tubiana is an ethnologist who initially studied linguistics. He has specialised in the study of East-African societies (Ethiopia, Chad, Sudan). After his first fieldwork in Ethiopia in the 1940s, he carried out research from the 1950s onwards among the Zaghawa nomads in Chad and Sudan. He spent an important part of his time working at the
Musée de l'Homme
in Paris and as a teacher of East-African languages at the INALCO (
Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales
) where he is currently professor honoraire. In this interview he talks about his personal and ethnological experiences among nomads in northern and eastern Africa. He also speaks about his political and scientific education which took place first in colonial Algeria and then in France between the 1930s and the Second World War.
Inaugural Introduction
Authors: Chew Sing C. , Gross Matthias 
Published: April 2007

The founding of Nature and Culture comes at a time when proenvironmentalattitudes in the world are still high, but the discourse on ecological issues has been eclipsed mostly by issues of security, terrorism, and economic growth. This trend might also be because the debates on ecological issues to date are mostly based on natural scientific evaluations and findings on the state of the natural environment. What is lacking is more input from the humanities, social sciences, and historical sciences so that this dialogue can be interdisciplinary, and even transdisciplinary in nature. To foster such a dialogue, Nature and Culture is intended to be a unique forum for the international community of scholars and practitioners to present, discuss, and evaluate critically issues and themes related to the historical and contemporary relationships that societies, civilizations, empires, regions, and nationstates have with nature. Its pages welcome authors working in areas related to this overall thematic, and especially those who are working on the frontiers of understanding and explaining this historical/contemporary nature/culture relationship, regardless of discipline. Our object is to produce a journal serving those scholars and practitioners whose theoretical orientations extend beyond disciplinary boundaries, and who are moving beyond specific specializations toward broader syntheses with intentions to participate in intellectual and practical discussions on our ecosystem’s past trends and future prospects.
In Silico Analysis of Enzyme Surface and Glycosylation Effect as a Tool for Efficient Covalent Immobilisation of CalB and PGA on Sepabeads®
Authors: Basso Alessandra , Braiuca Paolo , Cantone Sara , Ebert Cynthia , Linda Paolo , Spizzo Patrizia , Caimi Paolo , Hanefeld Ulf , Degrassi Giuliano , Gardossi Lucia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study presents a computational analysis of the structures of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) and two penicillin G acylases (PGAs), from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources, respectively. Molecular simulations were used to point out the regions of the enzymes that are prone to interact with immobilisation supports. In order to evaluate the accessibility of the active site, the location of the amino acid residues involved in the formation of covalent bonds with the polymers was visualised. The mapping of the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on the enzyme surface provided a view of the areas of the protein that can establish either hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions with the carriers. Experimental data obtained from the immobilisation of the enzymes on supports bearing different chemical functionalities suggest the involvement of the glycan moiety in enzyme–polymer interactions. In the case of PGA the glycan moiety can constitute an extra site for the covalent linkage of the enzyme on the polymer.
Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by a Modified Titanium Silicalite (TS‐1B)
Authors: Bianchi Daniele , Balducci Luigi , Bortolo Rossella , D'Aloisio Rino , Ricci Marco , Spanò Guido , Tassinari Roberto , Tonini Cristina , Ungarelli Raffaele 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide was investigated using different solvents and a series of catalysts, obtained by modification of titanium silicalite (TS‐1). The best results were obtained after post‐synthesis treatment of TS‐1 with NH4HF2 and H2O2. The new catalyst (TS‐1B), used in the presence of a particular co‐solvent (sulfolane) is able to protect the produced phenol from over‐oxidation and dramatically enhanced the selectivity of the reaction.
Efficient Biocatalytic Cleavage and Recovery of Organic Substrates Supported on Soluble Polymers
Authors: Pasini Dario , Filippini Marco , Pianetti Ilaria , Pregnolato Massimo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe applicability of novel solution‐phase supports in combination with enzymes for biocatalytic transformations is reported. Ex novo designed styrene‐based copolymers, bearing a phenylacetic residue in variable loadings and linked as a pendant group to the macromolecular backbone, through a spacer of variable length, have been synthesized and characterized. These derivatives are compatible and can be used as soluble supports in combination with immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA – EC 3.5.1.11) for the biocatalytic cleavage of the covalently anchored organic substrate in quantitative yields, in water or water/dimethylformamide solvent mixtures, with recovery of the immobilized enzyme with negligible losses in activity.
Anaerobic Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols with α‐Bromo Sulfoxide as a Co‐oxidant
Authors: Rodríguez Nuria , Medio‐Simón Mercedes , Asensio Gregorio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA chemoselective palladium‐catalyzed anaerobic oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols using an α‐bromo sulfoxide as a co‐oxidant is described for the first time. The catalyst system is simple and has a long life because of the allowance of phosphane ligands under the non‐aerobic conditions. The advantages of the described method include no overoxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids because of the mild conditions applied, the tolerance of oxygen‐sensitive functionalities such as a carbon‐carbon double bond, an organothio group, or a diorganoamino group and the effective preparation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, resulting from the oxidation of primary and secondary allylic alcohols, since a competitive Heck reaction with the co‐oxidant does not occur.
Desymmetrisations of 1‐Alkylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐2,8‐diones by Enzymatic Retro‐Claisen Reaction Yield Optically Enriched 2,3‐Substituted Cyclopentanones
Authors: Hill Cheryl L. , Verma Chandra S. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA series of 1‐alkylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐2,8‐diones was transformed by enzymatic retro‐Claisen reaction using recombinant 6‐oxocamphor hydrolase (OCH) overexpressed in Escherichia coli, to yield optically active 2,3‐substituted cyclopentanones with enantiomeric excesses of up to >95 %. Whilst the parent substrate, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐2,8‐dione 12, was transformed only very slowly, derivatives 13, 14, 15, 16 and 30 with alkyl chains of varying length in the 1‐position were converted rapidly to optically active products with typically 82 % de and up to >95 % enantiomeric excess. The results confirm the apparent requirement of OCH for non‐enolisable diketone substrates, and offer a potential route to decorated cyclopentanone derivatives of multiple chiral centres. Computer modelling of 1‐methylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐2,8‐dione into the active site of OCH suggested that the bicyclic [3.3.0] series substrates were accommodated in the active site in similar orientation with the natural enzyme substrate, 6‐oxocamphor, and would thus yield the (2S,3S)‐product series.
New Ruthenium Catalysts for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Prochiral Ketones
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Hagemann Bernhard , Bhor Santosh , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Tse Man Kin , Bitterlich Bianca , Junge Kathrin , Erre Giulia , Beller Matthias 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTridentate N,N,N‐pyridinebisimidazolines have been studied as new ligands for the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones. High yields and excellent enantioselectivity up to >99 % ee have been achieved with an in situ generated catalytic system containing dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium and 2,6‐bis‐([4R,5R]‐4,5‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐pyridine (3a) in the presence of sodium isopropoxide.
A General and Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Benzylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Kischel Jette , Mertins Kristin , Michalik Dirk , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVarious CH‐acidic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and methyl 3‐acetamidobut‐2‐enoate react with benzylic alcohols to give the corresponding 2‐benzylated products in good to excellent yield. Typically, reactions proceed under mild conditions (50–80 °C; air) in the presence of catalytic amounts of inexpensive iron chloride hexahydrate. The benzylation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin gives the pharmaceutically interesting 4‐hydroxy‐3‐(1‐phenylethyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones. As an example the anticoagulant Phenprocoumon is prepared in one step from commercially available substrates in 94 % yield.
A Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Domino Aza‐Michael/Aldol Reaction: One‐Pot Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroquinolidines
Authors: Sundén Henrik , Rios Ramon , Ibrahem Ismail , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Eriksson Lars , Córdova Armando 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe highly enantioselective organocatalytic domino aza‐Michael/aldol reaction is presented. The unprecedented, chiral amine‐catalyzed asymmetric domino reactions between 2‐aminobenzaldehydes and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes proceed with excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity to give the corresponding pharmaceutically valuable 1,2‐dihydroquinolines derivatives in high yields with 90 to >99 % ee.
A Thermostable Aldolase for the Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐2‐ulosonic Acids
Authors: Lamble Henry J. , Royer Sylvain F. , Hough David W. , Danson Michael J. , Taylor Garry L. , Bull Steven D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA stereochemically promiscuous 2‐keto‐3‐deoxygluconate aldolase has been used as an efficient biocatalyst to catalyse the aldol reaction of pyruvate with C3‐ and C4‐aldoses to afford syn‐ and anti‐3‐deoxy‐2‐ulosonic acids in poor to good de. A continuous flow bioreactor containing immobilised aldolase has been developed that enables gram quantities of C6‐ and C7‐3‐deoxyhept‐2‐ulosonic acids to be produced in an efficient manner.
Recyclable Copper Catalysts Based on Imidazolium‐Tagged Bis(oxazolines): A Marked Enhancement in Rate and Enantioselectivity for Diels–Alder Reactions in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Doherty Simon , Goodrich Peter , Hardacre Christopher , Knight Julian G. , Nguyen Mimi T. , Pârvulescu Vasile I. , Paun Cristina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractImidazolium‐tagged bis(oxazolines) have been prepared and used as chiral ligands in the copper(II)‐catalysed Diels–Alder reaction of N‐acryloyl‐ and N‐crotonoyloxazolidinones with cyclopentadiene and 1,3‐cyclohexadiene in the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, [emim][NTf2]. A significant and substantial enhancement in the rate and enantioselectivity was achieved in [emim][NTf2] compared with dichloromethane. For example, complete conversion and enantioselectivities up to 95 % were obtained for the reaction between N‐acryloyloxazolidinone and cyclopentadiene within 2 min in [emim][NTf2] whereas the corresponding reaction in dichloromethane required 60 min to reach completion and gave an ee of only 16 %. The enhanced rates obtained in the ionic liquid enabled a catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol % to give complete conversion within 2 min while retaining the same level of enantioselectivity. The imidazolium‐tagged catalysts can be recycled ten times without any loss in activity or enantioselectivity and showed much higher affinity for the ionic liquid phase during the recycle procedure than the analogous uncharged ligand.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functional Tetralins via Benzylic Activation
Authors: Liégault Benoît , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Bruneau Christian 
Published: April 2007

Abstract2‐Monosubstituted, 2,2‐ and 2,3‐disubstituted tetralin derivatives have been synthesized from α,α′‐dihalo‐o‐xylenes and activated olefins using a palladium catalyst under basic conditions. The effects of temperature, base, palladium precursor and solvent have been fully explored, and this new catalytic reaction has been extended to a variety of substrates.
Highly Efficient Threonine‐Derived Organocatalysts for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Water
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhaoqin , Shen Han‐Ming , Lu Yixin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe introduction of siloxy groups at the hydroxy function of natural threonine resulted in efficient hydrophobic organocatalysts, which could efficiently catalyze the direct aldol reactions of both cyclic and acyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes in water with excellent enantiomeric excess.
Gold‐Catalyzed Efficient Formation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Propargylic Acetates
Authors: Yu Meng , Li Guotao , Wang Shaozhong , Zhang Liming 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn efficient gold‐catalyzed method for the preparation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones from propargylic acetates has been developed. Under mild reaction conditions, β‐monosubstituted enones were formed mostly with excellent E‐selectivity. β,β‐Disubstituted enones can be prepared from propargylic acetates derived from ketones. The high efficiency and mild nature of this reaction render it a viable alternative for the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated ketones.
Simple Primary Anilines as Iminium Catalysts for the Epoxidation of α‐Substituted Acroleins
Authors: Erkkilä Anniina , Pihko Petri M. , Clarke Melanie‐Rose 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSimple ortho‐alkylated anilines have been shown to be excellent iminium catalysts for the epoxidation reaction of α‐substituted acroleins. A range of different α‐substituted acroleins give the epoxide products in good to excellent yields and good chemoselectivity.