bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the entomopathogenic fungiLecanicilliumspp. (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) isolated from white pine weevil,Pissodes strobi(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in British Columbia
Authors: Leal Isabel , Alfaro René I. , Lim Young Woon , Kope Harry H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe entomopathogenic fungal genusLecanicilliumGams and Zare includes species that are highly pathogenic to many genera of insects. Three species,Lecanicillium longisporum(Petch) Zare and W. Gams,L. muscarium(Petch) Zare and W. Gams, andL. pissodisKope and Leal, were found to be entomopathogens of adult white pine weevils,Pissodes strobi(Peck), in coastal British Columbia. Morphological characteristics were used to identify these species, but variation in conidial shape and size made it difficult to classify some of the isolates into the correct species ofLecanicillium. To confirm the identity of theseLecanicilliumspecies, we used molecular tools such as polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing.
Seasonal dynamics of Urophora quadrifasciata on spotted knapweed in the Arkansas Ozarks
Authors: Duguma Dagne , Kring Timothy J. , Wiedenmann Robert N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPeriodic sweep-net sampling and capitula sampling were conducted between April and October 2007 to determine the seasonal phenology of Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (Asteraceae), in the Arkansas Ozarks of the United States of America. Urophora quadrifasciata produces up to three generations in Arkansas, rather than being bivoltine as in the northern United States of America. The first, second, and third generations of U. quadrifasciata reached peak adult numbers around 26 May, 29 June, and 27 July, respectively. Males tended to emerge earlier than females but the female:male ratio was approximately 1:1 for most of the season. The majority of the offspring of the three generations emerged between June and October, while approximately 38% entered diapause and emerged as adults in April-June of the following year; 3.4 ± 0.1 (mean ± SE) (range 1–12) flies emerged from each infested capitulum. The absence of other, competing knapweed biological control agents as well as very low rates of parasitism, mild weather conditions, and a longer knapweed growing season likely contributed to the adaptation and establishment of U. quadrifasciata on spotted knapweed in Arkansas.
Optimizing Deepwater Well Locations To Reduce the Risk of Shallow-Water-Flow Using High-Resolution 2D and 3D Seismic Data
Authors: McConnell Daniel R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Interpreting possible overpressured sands with geophysical data, inpractice, is best accomplished by doing a combined interpretation using bothconventional exploration 3D and high-resolution 2D seismic data. The use ofhigh-resolution ‘hazards’ 2D seismic data, can, if interpreted together with 3Dseismic data on a workstation, significantly aid in optimizing well locationsto reduce the risk of overpressured sands.

Introduction
Drilling through overpressured sands in the tophole section of deepwaterwells can result in a difficult and expensive well-control problem known as"shallow-water-flow"(SWF). SWF-prone sediments are common in the deepwater Gulfof Mexico. And, it is often common for these problem intervals to cover thedrilling target so that the interval cannot be easily avoided. High-resolution2D seismic data is routinely acquired for obtaining a permit for drilling, butthe data are usually interpreted only for that purpose. High-resolution 2D datasets, however, are very useful in SWF assessment studies. Exploratory 3Dseismic data can image overall SWF-prone intervals, but in many cases lack theresolution to identify sand-prone sections in the required detail. High-resolution 2D seismic data, interpreted together with 3D seismic data, canbe used to identify well locations where SWF would not be expected or would beless severe.
The first part of this paper reviews the seismic data types that arecommonly used in SWF pre-drill assessment studies and their respectiveresolutions. The basic SWF model and the associated seismic facies that arecommonly the source of SWFs are also reviewed. Finally, two pre-drill SWFstudies, one from the middle continental slope at a water depth of 1,014 m(3,328 ft) and the other from the abyssal plain at the foot of the Sigsbee Escarpment at a water depth of 2,026 m (6,647 ft), both in the Gulf of Mexico, are discussed.
Effects of realism on extended violent and nonviolent video game play on aggressive thoughts, feelings, and physiological arousal
Authors: Barlett Christopher P. , Rodeheffer Christopher 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious research has shown that playing violent video game exposure can increase aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and physiological arousal. This study compared the effects that playing a realistic violent, unrealistic violent, or nonviolent video game for 45 min has on such variables. For the purpose of this study, realism was defined as the probability of seeing an event in real life. Participants (N=74; 39 male, 35 female) played either a realistic violent, unrealistic violent, or nonviolent video game for 45 min. Aggressive thoughts and aggressive feelings were measured four times (every 15 min), whereas arousal was measured continuously. The results showed that, though playing any violent game stimulated aggressive thoughts, playing a more realistic violent game stimulated significantly more aggressive feelings and arousal over the course of play. Aggr. Behav. 35:213–224, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron‐Mediated Cleavage of CC Bonds in Vicinal Tricarbonyl Compounds in Water
Authors: Mecinović Jasmin , Hamed Refaat B. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDrei von einer Sorte: Vicinale Tricarbonyl‐Verbindungen gehen Eisen(III)‐vermittelte C‐C‐Spaltungen ein (siehe Schema). Die Ergebnisse sind relevant für den Aminosäurenachweis durch Ninhydrin und für den Vitamin‐C‐Stoffwechsel.magnified image
From Metacyclophanes to Cyclacenes: Synthesis and Properties of [6.8]3Cyclacene
Authors: Esser Birgit , Bandyopadhyay Arkasish , Rominger Frank , Gleiter Rolf 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConjugated belts: [6.8]3cyclacene as the first hydrocarbon cyclacene was synthesized in a de novo strategy. Various [23]metacyclophanes are described as intermediates. The synthetic approach was extended to larger cyclacenes, and [24]metacyclophanes as precursors of [6.8]4cyclacene were synthesized.magnified imageIn this article we show synthetic pathways to [6.8]ncyclacenes demonstrated by the de novo synthesis of [6.8]3cyclacene as the first purely hydrocarbon cyclacene and of precursors for [6.8]4cyclacene. The design of the de novo synthesis by exploring alternative pathways is discussed and various precursors are shown. Crucial to the synthesis of [6.8]3cyclacene were two cyclization steps. The first is a Wittig trimerization reaction which yielded the hexamethyl substituted all‐cis‐[23]metacyclophanetriene. For the second cyclization step the methyl groups were converted to aldehyde functionalities by two subsequent oxidation steps of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) bromination and oxidation with 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX). The final cyclization of the second set of double bonds was achieved by a McMurry‐coupling reaction. Towards the synthesis of [6.8]4cyclacene different synthetic pathways to methyl substituted all‐cis‐[24]metacyclophanetetraenes were explored. Insights into the structures of [23]metacyclophanetri‐ and [24]metacyclophanetetraenes were gained by X‐ray crystallographic investigations on various intermediates. A crystallographic analysis of [6.8]3cyclacene revealed a D3h symmetrical structure with planar benzene rings and a formation of tubular structures in the solid state.
The effect of crystal surface roughness on impurity adsorption
Authors: Ferreira A. , Faria N. , Rocha F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of crystal surface roughness on impurity adsorption was investigated in a fluidized bed crystallizer and in a batch crystallizer. The crystallisation of sucrose in pure and impure systems was the study subject. Calcium chloride was utilized as impurity in this work. The results show that the impurity adsorption is growth rate dependent and is strongly influenced by the crystal surface properties. Crystals with high surface roughness have lower impurity adsorption. Based on experimental evidences, a new theoretical model is proposed to quantify the surface roughness influence on the impurity adsorption, allowing, by operating at the more adequate supersaturation, to control the impurity transfer into crystals. The used impurity does not have a significant influence on the growth rates at the studied temperatures. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solvothermal syntheses and crystal structures of two 4‐heterocyclic acylpyrazolone complexes
Authors: Li Jingqi , Li Jinzhou , Zhang Hengqiang , Li Jing 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMany explorations of transition metal (M)‐L system under solvothermal condition, have led to the syntheses of two new 4‐heterocyclic acylpyrazolone complexes [Co(L)2(CH3OH)2] (HL = 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐(2‐furoyl)‐5‐pyrazolone) (1) and [Cr(L)3] (2). Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses reveal that crystal structures of compound1and2are respectively orthorhombic, Pbca,a= 15.0378(6) Å,b= 9.8405(4) Å,c= 20.7321(8) Å, V = 3067.9(2) Å3, Z = 8 and triclinic, P‐1,a= 10.7966(18) Å,b= 13.023(2) Å,c= 15.520(3) Å, α = 73.011(4)°, β = 84.884(4)°, γ = 70.267(4)°, V = 1964.3(6) Å3, Z = 2. Complex1has a two‐dimensional (2D) network structure that is formed by O–H···N H‐bonding interactions. Complex2makes a one‐dimensional (1D) zigzag chain structure by intermolecular π···π interactions, which is further interlinked via C–H···N H‐bonding interactions to generate a 2D sheet, and then a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular network structure is further linked by intermolecular C–H···π interactions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of KDP crystal grown from solution with low pH value
Authors: De‐Gao Zhong , Bing Teng , Sheng‐Ming Dong , Qing‐Guo Wang , Yan‐Shuai Zhao , Wan‐Xia Huang , Tao Yu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSolubility curves of KDP (KH2PO4) in solutions with different pH values were measured. It was found that the solubility of KDP crystal increased with the reduction pH value of solution. Transparent KDP crystal was grown from solution with 1.5 pH by point seed. Chemical etching experiments revealed that pyramid sector of the crystal displayed more growth defects. Growth defects, such as growth striation and inclusion, were analyzed by white‐beam synchrotron radiation X‐ray topography. The reasons for the formation of these growth defects were discussed. Transmittance spectra test of both prismatic sector and pyramidal sector was performed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cod liver oil, other dietary supplements and survival among cancer patients with solid tumours
Authors: Skeie Guri , Braaten Tonje , Hjartåker Anette , Brustad Magritt , Lund Eiliv 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of various dietary supplements on chronic diseases and mortality has been widely studied, but few convincing results have emerged from studies in well‐nourished populations. In Norway, both cod liver oil and other dietary supplements are frequently used. In the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort study, we explored if supplement use before diagnosis affected survival of cancer patients with solid tumours. We performed Cox proportional hazards analyses, adjusting for age at diagnosis, smoking and stage. Cod liver oil was the most frequently used dietary supplement, followed by multivitamins and minerals. Whole year daily use of cod liver oil was associated with lower risk of death in patients with solid tumours [RR = 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.97)] and in lung cancer patients [RR=0.56 (95% CI 0.34–0.92)]. Also daily and occasional use of other dietary supplements decreased the risk of death among lung cancer patients [RR = 0.70 (95% CI 0.49–0.99) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.31–0.97)]. More research is needed to clarify the association; meanwhile adjustment for dietary supplement use should be performed in survival analyses of lung cancer patients. © 2009 UICC
Prion protein ablation increases cellular aggregation and embolization contributing to mechanisms of metastasis
Authors: Muras Angelita G. , Hajj Glaucia N.M. , Ribeiro Karina B. , Nomizo Regina , Nonogaki Sueli , Chammas Roger , Martins Vilma R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCellular Prion Protein (PrPC) is a cell surface protein highly expressed in the nervous system, and to a lesser extent in other tissues. PrPC binds to the extracellular matrix laminin and vitronectin, to mediate cell adhesion and differentiation. Herein, we investigate how PrPC expression modulates the aggressiveness of transformed cells. Mesenchymal embryonic cells (MEC) from wild‐type (Prnp+/+) and PrPC‐null (Prnp0/0) mice were immortalized and transformed by co‐expression of ras and myc. These cells presented similar growth rates and tumor formation in vivo. When injected in the tail vein, Prnp0/0ras/myc cells exhibited increased lung colonization compared with Prnp+/+ras/myc cells. Additionally, Prnp0/0ras/myc cells form more aggregates with blood components than Prnp+/+ras/myc cells, facilitating the arrest of Prnp0/0ras/myc cells in the lung vasculature. Integrin αvβ3 is more expressed and activated in MEC and in transformed Prnp0/0 cells than in the respective Prnp+/+ cells. The blocking of integrin αvβ3 by RGD peptide reduces lung colonization in transformed Prnp0/0 cells to similar levels of those presented by transformed Prnp+/+ cells. Our data indicate that PrPC negatively modulates the expression and activation of integrin αvβ3 resulting in a more aggressive phenotype. These results indicate that PrPC may have main implications in modulating metastasis formation. © 2009 UICC
Rheological blends for drug delivery. II. Prolongation of nerve blockade, biocompatibility, and in vitro–in vivo correlations
Authors: Hoare Todd , Bellas Evangelia , Zurakowski David , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRheological polymer blends of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were evaluated as prolonged duration delivery vehicles for local anesthetics using a rat sciatic nerve blockade model. HA‐HPMC blends extended the duration of sensory block approximately threefold compared to that achieved using a bupivacaine solution. Blending HA and HPMC facilitated the injection of higher polymer concentration delivery vehicles and reduced the rate of polymer hydration compared to HA solutions, enabling prolonged drug release. The duration of effective nerve block was correlated with each of the zero shear viscosity, polymer concentration, yield stress, and gel point frequency of the blends, while a two‐parameter model correlating duration of nerve block with zero shear viscosity and humectancy provided improved fits to the in vivo data compared to any single variable alone. The blends exhibited no cytotoxicity and induced only a mild short‐term inflammatory reaction in vivo at the site of injection, with all blends largely resorbed 4 days postinjection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Reaction of sulfene with heterocyclic N,N‐disubstituted α‐aminomethyleneketones. IX. Synthesis of 1,2‐oxathiino[6,5‐e]indole derivatives
Authors: Mosti Luisa , Schenone Pietro , Menozzi Giulia , Cafaggi Sergio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe polar 1,4‐cycloaddition of sulfene to N,N‐disubstituted 5‐aminomethylene‐1,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐methylindol‐4‐ones occurred only in the case of aliphatic N‐substitution to give, generally in good yield, 4‐dialkylamino‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐7‐methyl‐7H‐1,2‐oxathiino[6,5‐e]indole 2,2‐dioxides IV. Full aromatization of IVa (4‐NR2 = dimethylamino) with DDQ in refluxing benzene gave in low yield 7‐methyl‐7H‐1,2‐oxathiino‐[6,5‐e]indole 2,2‐dioxide, whereas the same reaction of IVe (4‐NR2 = morpholinyl) with excess DDQ afforded in low yield 7‐methyl‐4‐morpholinyl‐7H‐1,2‐oxathiino[6,5‐e]indole 2,2‐dioxide.
Reaction of sulfene with heterocyclicN,N‐disubstituted α‐aminomethyleneketones. X. Synthesis of thieno[2,3‐h]‐1,2‐benzoxathiin derivatives
Authors: Mosti Luisa , Schenone Pietro , Menozzi Giulia , Romussi Giovanni 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe polar 1,4‐cycloaddition of sulfene toN,N‐disubstituted (E)5‐aminomethylene‐6,7‐dihydrobenzo[b]‐thiophen‐4(5H)ones II gave in excellent yield and only in the case of aliphaticN‐substitution,N,N‐disubstituted 4‐amino‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydrothieno[2,3‐h]‐1,2‐benzoxathiin 2,2‐dioxides III, which are derivatives of the new heterocyclic system thieno[2,3‐h]‐1,2‐benzoxathiin. Dehydrogenation with DDQ of cycloadducts IIIa‐d was successful only in the case of IIIa (NR2= dimethylamino) to give in low yield 4‐dimethylamino‐3,4‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐h]‐1,2‐benzoxathiin 2,2‐dioxide.
Synthesis of 4(3H)‐quinazolinones from derivatives of methyl 2‐isothiocyanatobenzoate
Authors: Dean William D. , Papadopoulos Eleftherios P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEthylN‐(2‐methoxycarbonylphenyl)thiocarbamate (2),N‐(2‐ethoxycarbonylphenyl)‐4‐methoxythiobenz‐amide (3b), and 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐one (4a), react with nucleophilic reagents containing at least one primary amino group to yield a variety of 2‐substituted and 2,4‐disubstituted 4(3H)quinazolinones, as well as some tricyclic and tetracyclic products.
Synthesis and biological activity of (3,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzophenone derivatives
Authors: Hirai Kentaro , Sugimoto Hirohiko , Ishiba Teruyuki , Fujishita Toshio , Tsukinoki Yuji , Hirose Katsumi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of (5‐acylaminomethyl‐3‐carbamoyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzophenone derivatives 4a‐i, 14a‐d, 15a‐d, 16a‐c, is described. Acylation of the key intermediate, 1‐benzoylphenylazo‐1‐aminoacetamide 7, followed by cyclization in the presence of acid afforded 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives. These compounds were evaluated for their central nervous system (CNS) activity. Some of these compounds exhibited high activities in anti‐pentylene tetrazole and rotarod test in mice when orally administered.
Reduction of 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,2,5‐thia(oxa)diazolo[3,4‐c]pyridines affording 2,5‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diaminopyridines and ring closure of the diamines to fluorescent azaheterocycles
Authors: Mataka Shuntaro , Takahashi Kazufumi , Imura Tetsuro , Tashiro Masashi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReduction of 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,2,5‐thia‐ (1a‐i) and 1,2,5‐oxadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridines (3a and c‐e) gave 3,4‐diamino‐2,5‐diphenylpyridines (2a‐g), which were converted into the fluorescent triazolo[4,5‐c]‐(5), 1,2,5‐selenadiazolo[3,4‐c]‐ (6), imidazolo[4,5‐c]pyridines (8), and pyrido[5,6‐c]pyridines (11). In the reduction of 3a, c and e, 4,5‐dihydro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridines (4a‐c) were obtained.
Benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. XXVI. 5‐methoxy‐6‐chloro‐3‐β‐acetamidoethylbenzo[b]thiophene, a blocked analog of melatonin
Authors: Campaigne E. , Smith Homer A. , Sandhu J. S. , Kim Chung S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA potential anti‐ovulatory agent, 5‐methoxy‐6‐chloro‐3‐β‐acetamidoethylbenzo[b]thiophene, a sulfur analog of melatonin having the 6‐position blocked to inhibit oxidative metabolism, has been synthesized from 3‐hydroxy‐4‐chloroacetophenone.
Reaction of β‐aminocrotonamide with dibasic acid derivatives
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Ogasawara Hiromichi , Kato Tetsuzo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction of β‐aminocrotonamide (1) with succinic anhydride gave β‐succinaminocrotonamide (3a), which was treated with base to cyclize to 3,4‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐2‐pyrimidinepropanoic acid (4a). Similarly, pyrimidinepentanoic acid derivative 4b was prepared from compound 1 and glutaric anhydride. Reaction of compound 1 with glutarate, adipate, and phthalate gave the corresponding pyrimidines 4b, 4c and 4d, while reaction of compound 1 with malonate gave 2‐hydroxypyridine derivative 11 and dimethylpyrimidinone 4e. Reaction of dimethyl fumarate with compound 1 in the presence of methoxide gave a poor yield of pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyridine derivative 13.
Hydrosulfite reduction ofN‐nitroso‐1,2,3,4‐etrahydroisoquinolines and oxidation ofN‐amino‐l,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Powell Burwell F. , Overberger C. G. , Anselme J.‐P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe sodium hydrosulfite reduction ofN‐nitroso‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (5) does not result in the loss of nitrogen and leads to the corresponding hydrazine6which upon oxidation with mercuric oxide in ethanol at 62° gives the hexahydrotetrazine7in 39% yield. Treatment of theN‐tosyl derivative of6with base affords7in nearly quanitative yield. Oxidation of6in 1‐butanol at 95° results in the formation of a complex product mixture from which only one component, 1,1′‐azobis‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline (8) could be isolated. Surprisingly the sodium hydrosulfite reduction of 2‐nitroso‐3‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (15) also failed to proceed with loss of nitrogen and yields the corresponding hydrazine16. However,16was cleanly oxidized by mercuric oxide in ethanol at 62° with concurrent elimination of nitrogen to afford 2‐phenylindane in 75% yield. Possible rationalizations for these results are presented.
A novel synthesis of fused imidazo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Abd Allah Sanaa O. , Ead Hamed A. , Kassab Nazmi A. , Zayed Mohey M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe new fused imidazo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazoles 4 were obtained by cyclization of the corresponding 2‐imidazolidinone 4‐phenylhydrazones 2 which were obtained by the action of phenylhydrazine on the arylmethylene derivatives of 4‐thioxo‐2‐imidazolidinone 1. The benzylimino derivatives 6 were obtained by the reaction of benzylamine with 1. Alkylation of 1 with phenacyl bromide and/or ethyl bromoacetate afforded the S‐alkyl derivatives 7.
Photocycloaddition of benzophenone to α‐angelicalactone and thermal rearrangement of the product
Authors: Bolíiavar R. A. , Tasayco M. L. , Rivas C. , Leon V. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractα‐Angelicalactone dissolved in thiophene in the presence of benzophenone was irradiated with uv light in order to find out if the unsaturated lactone behaves either as an olefin capable of yielding a [2 + 2] adduct with the heterocycle or if it rather reacts as a substrate for the excited benzophenone. The isolation of two isomeric oxetanes indicates that the latter is the preferred reaction pathway. One of the oxetanes undergoes an interesting thermal rearrangement.
Ring opening of aryl cyclopropyl ketones to l‐Acyl‐l,l,3‐tribromo‐ propanes and their cyclization to 2‐Aryl‐3,3‐dibromo‐2‐methoxy and ‐2‐cyanotetrahydrofurans
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Takeshi Noriaki , Myojoh Kohji , Sano Hideyuki , Morisawa Toshio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of aryl cyclopropyl ketones 1 with excess bromine gave l‐acyl‐l,l,3‐tribromopropanes 2, which were cyclized to 2‐aryl‐3,3‐dibromo‐2‐methoxytetrahydrofurans 3 on treatment with alkaline in aqueous methanol. 2‐Aryl‐3,3‐dibromo‐2‐cyanotetrahydrofurans 5 were obtained by the reactions of 2 with sodium cyanide.
Dérivés de l'hydroxyméthyl‐5 furfural. I. Synthése de dérivés du di‐ et terfuranne
Authors: El‐Hajj Toni , Martin Jean‐Claude , Descotes Gérard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLa condensation d'hydroxymethyl‐5 furfural ou d'aldéhydes furanniques dérivés avec des composes car‐bonylés ou sulfonés éthyléniques permet l'obtention de dérivés de la butanedione‐1,4 dont la cyclisation conduit á des di‐ et terfurannes substitues ou non.
Reaction of sodium cyanide with 2H‐pyran‐2‐thiones and their 3‐bromo derivatives
Authors: Mishrikey Morcos Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of sodium cyanide with 4,5,6‐triaryl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐thiones and their 3‐bromo derivatives led to the formation of 2,5‐dihydrothiophenes.