bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-hormonal systemic therapy in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and metastases: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care's Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group
Authors: Winquist Eric , Waldron Tricia , Berry Scott , Ernst D Scott , Hotte Sébastien , Lukka Himu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer that has recurred after local therapy or disseminated distantly is usually treated with androgen deprivation therapy; however, most men will eventually experience disease progression within 12 to 20 months. New data emerging from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chemotherapy provided the impetus for a systematic review addressing the following question: which non-hormonal systemic therapies are most beneficial for the treatment of men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) and clinical evidence of metastases?

Methods
A systematic review was performed to identify RCTs or meta-analyses examining first-line non-hormonal systemic (cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic) therapy in patients with HRPC and metastases that reported at least one of the following endpoints: overall survival, disease control, palliative response, quality of life, and toxicity. Excluded were RCTs of second-line hormonal therapies, bisphosphonates or radiopharmaceuticals, or randomized fewer than 50 patients per trial arm. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology were searched for relevant trials. Citations were screened for eligibility by four reviewers and discrepancies were handled by consensus.

Results
Of the 80 RCTs identified, 27 met the eligibility criteria. Two recent, large trials reported improved overall survival with docetaxel-based chemotherapy compared to mitoxantrone-prednisone. Improved progression-free survival and rates of palliative and objective response were also observed. Compared with mitoxantrone, docetaxel treatment was associated with more frequent mild toxicities, similar rates of serious toxicities, and better quality of life. More frequent serious toxicities were observed when docetaxel was combined with estramustine. Three trials reported improved time-to-disease progression, palliative response, and/or quality of life with mitoxatrone plus corticosteroid compared with corticosteroid alone. Single trials reported improved disease control with estramustine-vinblastine, vinorelbine-hydrocortisone, and suramin-hydrocortisone compared to controls. Trials of non-cytotoxic agents have reported equivocal results.

Conclusion
Docetaxel-based chemotherapy modestly improves survival and provides palliation for men with HRPC and metastases. Other than androgen deprivation therapy, this is the only other therapy to have demonstrated improved overall survival in prostate cancer in RCTs. Further investigations to identify more effective therapies for HRPC including the use of systemic therapies earlier in the natural history of prostate cancer are warranted.
Reconciling disparate prevalence rates of PTSD in large samples of US male Vietnam veterans and their controls
Authors: Thompson William W , Gottesman Irving I , Zalewski Christine 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Two large independent studies funded by the US government have assessed the impact of the Vietnam War on the prevalence of PTSD in US veterans. The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) estimated the current PTSD prevalence to be 15.2% while the Vietnam Experience Study (VES) estimated the prevalence to be 2.2%. We compared alternative criteria for estimating the prevalence of PTSD using the NVVRS and VES public use data sets collected more than 10 years after the United States withdrew troops from Vietnam.

Methods
We applied uniform diagnostic procedures to the male veterans from the NVVRS and VES to estimate PTSD prevalences based on varying criteria including one-month and lifetime prevalence estimates, combat and non-combat prevalence estimates, and prevalence estimates using both single and multiple indicator models.

Results
Using a narrow and specific set of criteria, we derived current prevalence estimates for combat-related PTSD of 2.5% and 2.9% for the VES and the NVVRS, respectively. Using a more broad and sensitive set of criteria, we derived current prevalence estimates for combat-related PTSD of 12.2% and 15.8% for the VES and NVVRS, respectively.

Conclusion
When comparable methods were applied to available data we reconciled disparate results and estimated similar current prevalences for both narrow and broad definitions of combat-related diagnoses of PTSD.
Knee complaints vary with age and gender in the adult population. Population-based reference data for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Authors: Paradowski Przemyslaw T , Bergman Stefan , Sundén-Lundius Anne , Lohmander L Stefan , Roos Ewa M 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Self-reported knee complaints may vary with age and gender. Reference data from the adult population would help to better interpret the outcome of interventions due to knee complaints. The objectives of the present study were to describe the variation of self-reported knee pain, function and quality of life with age and gender in the adult population and to establish population-based reference data for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Methods
Population-based cohort retrieved from the national population register. The knee-specific Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was mailed to 840 subjects aged 18–84 yrs.

Results
68% response rate. Women in the age group 55–74 reported more knee-related complaints in all the KOOS subscales than age-matched men. The differences were significant for the subscales Pain (p = 0.027), Symptoms (p = 0.003) and ADL function (p = 0.046).
In men, worse ADL and Sport and Recreation function was seen in the oldest age group 75–84 years compared to the younger age groups (p < 0.030). In women, worse Pain (p < 0.007), ADL (p < 0.030), Sport and Recreation (p < 0.001) and QOL (p < 0.002) were seen already in the age group 55–74 compared to the younger age groups.

Conclusion
We found pain and other symptoms, physical function, and knee-related quality of life to vary with age and gender implying the use of age- and gender matched reference values for improved understanding of the outcome after interventions due to knee injury and knee OA.
Relationship of serum adiponectin and resistin to glucose intolerance and fat topography in south-Asians
Authors: Wasim Hanif , Al-Daghri Nasser M , Chetty Raja , McTernan Phillip G , Barnett A H , Kumar Sudhesh 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Objectives
South-Asians have lower adiponectin levels compared to Caucasians. It was not clear however, if this intrinsic feature is related to aspects of glucose metabolism. This study aims to determine the relationship between body fat distribution and adipocytokine in South-Asian subjects by measuring serum adipocytokines, adiposity, insulinemia, and glucose tolerance levels.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 150 South-Asians (80 males, 70 females) were included, 60 had NGT (Control group, Age 51.33 ± 11.5, BMI 27 ± 2.3), 60 had IGT (Age 57.7 ± 12.5, BMI 27.2 ± 2.7), 30 had type 2 DM (Age 49.5 ± 10.9, BMI 28 ± 1.7). Measures of adiposity, adipocytokines and other metabolic parameters were determined. Parameters were measured using the following: a) Plasma glucose by glucose oxidase method b) CRP by immunoturbidimetric method (Roche/Hitachi analyser) c) insulin by Medgenix INS-ELISA immunoenzymetric assay by Biosource (Belgium) d) Leptin, Adiponectin by radioimmunoassay kits by Linco Research (St. Charles MO) e) Resistin by immunoassay kits by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals INC (530 Harbor Boulevard, Belmont CA 94002, USA).

Results
Adiponectin concentrations were highest in NGT, decreased in IGT and lowest in DMT2, (both p < 0.01). Leptin was significantly higher in DMT2 than IGT and NGT p = 0.02 and 0.04 respectively. There was a significant positive relationships between log adiponectin and 2-hr insulin values, p = 0.028 and history of hypertensions and a ischemic heart disease p = 0.008 with R = 0.65. There was a significant inverse correlation between log adiponectin and resistin, p < 0.01.

Conclusion
Resistin levels had an inverse correlation with adiponectin levels, indicating an inverse relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin. Adiponectin levels were related to glucose tolerance.
Human LINE-1 retrotransposon induces DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Belgnaoui S Mehdi , Gosden Roger G , Semmes O John , Haoudi Abdelali 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), Alu and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) make up some 45% of human DNA. LINE-1 also called L1, is the most common family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome and comprises about 17% of the genome. L1 elements require the integration into chromosomal target sites using L1-encoded endonuclease which creates staggering DNA breaks allowing the newly transposed L1 copies to integrate into the genome. L1 expression and retrotransposition in cancer cells might cause transcriptional deregulation, insertional mutations, DNA breaks, and an increased frequency of recombinations, contributing to genome instability. There is however little evidence on the mechanism of L1-induced genetic instability and its impact on cancer cell growth and proliferation.

Results
We report that L1 has genome-destabilizing effects indicated by an accumulation of γ-H2AX foci, an early response to DNA strand breaks, in association with an abnormal cell cycle progression through a G2/M accumulation and an induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, we found that adjuvant L1 activation may lead to supra-additive killing when combined with radiation by enhancing the radiation lethality through induction of apoptosis that we have detected through Bax activation.

Conclusion
L1 retrotransposition is sensed as a DNA damaging event through the creation DNA breaks involving L1-encoded endonuclease. The apparent synergistic interaction between L1 activation and radiation can further be utilized for targeted induction of cancer cell death. Thus, the role of retrotransoposons in general, and of L1 in particular, in DNA damage and repair assumes larger significance both for the understanding of mutagenicity and, potentially, for the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Phase II Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Schiller Gary J. , Slack James , Hainsworth John D. , Mason James , Saleh Mansoor , Rizzieri David , Douer Dan , List Alan F. 
Published: May 2006

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide monotherapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Patients and Methods Patients received arsenic trioxide (0.25 mg/kg/d) on 5 consecutive days per week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks’ rest (one cycle). Two patient cohorts were established according to International Prognostic Scoring System risk category: lower-risk (low or intermediate-1) or higher-risk MDS (intermediate-2 or high). For lower-risk MDS, hematologic improvement (HI) was the primary response end point. For higher-risk MDS, additional end points included complete or partial remission. Based on the expected time to response, patients receiving two or more cycles were prospectively evaluated. Results Hematologic adverse events included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia. Two patients died during the study due to treatment-related toxicities. Most common grade 3/4 nonhematologic events were pneumonia, fatigue, hemorrhage, pain, and dyspnea. Among patients who received one or more doses (n = 70) or completed two or more cycles (n = 51), the HI rates were 34% and 39% in lower-risk patients, and 6% and 9% in higher-risk patients, respectively; the overall major HI rates were 20% and 22%. One higher-risk patient achieved a complete remission (3%). Major HIs were observed in all hematologic lineages; erythroid responses were the most common. Transfusion independence or reduction by ≥ 50% occurred in 33% of patients dependent on RBC transfusions. The overall median duration of HI was 6.8 months (range, 2 to 40 months). Conclusion Arsenic trioxide monotherapy has moderate activity against MDS, with a manageable adverse effect profile. The further study of arsenic trioxide in MDS, particularly in combination with other agents, is warranted.
Arsenic Trioxide in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Phase II Multicenter Study
Authors: Vey Norbert , Bosly Andre , Guerci Agnes , Feremans Walter , Dombret Herve , Dreyfus Francois , Bowen David , Burnett Alan , Dennis Mike , Ribrag Vincent , Casadevall Nicole , Legros Laurence , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: May 2006

Purpose Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of arsenic trioxide in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Patients and Methods MDS patients diagnosed according to standard French-American-British criteria received a loading dose of 0.3 mg/kg per day of arsenic trioxide for 5 days followed by a maintenance dose of 0.25 mg/kg arsenic trioxide twice weekly for 15 weeks. Patients were divided into two cohorts: lower-risk MDS (International Prognostic Scoring System risk category low or intermediate 1) and higher-risk MDS (International Prognostic Scoring System risk category intermediate 2 or high). Modified International Working Group criteria were used for response evaluation. Results Of 115 patients enrolled and treated in the study, 67% of patients were transfusion dependent at baseline; median age was 68 years. Most treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate. The overall rate of hematologic improvement (intent-to-treat) was 24 (19%) of 115, including one complete and one partial response in the higher-risk cohort. The hematologic response rates were 13 (26%) of 50 and 11 (17%) of 64 in patients with lower-risk and higher-risk MDS, respectively. Major responses were observed in all three hematologic lineages; 16% of RBC transfusion-dependent patients and 29% of platelet transfusion-dependent patients became transfusion independent. At data cut off, the median response duration was 3.4 months, with responses ongoing in nine patients. Conclusion Arsenic trioxide treatment consisting of an initial loading dose followed by maintenance therapy has moderate activity in MDS, inducing hematologic responses in both lower- and higher-risk patients. This activity combined with a manageable adverse effect profile warrants the additional study of arsenic trioxide, particularly in combination therapy, for the treatment of patients with MDS.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Recommendations on Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients
Authors: Lee Stephanie J. , Schover Leslie R. , Partridge Ann H. , Patrizio Pasquale , Wallace W. Hamish , Hagerty Karen , Beck Lindsay N. , Brennan Lawrence V. , Oktay Kutluk 
Published: May 2006

Purpose To develop guidance to practicing oncologists about available fertility preservation methods and related issues in people treated for cancer. Methods An expert panel and a writing committee were formed. The questions to be addressed by the guideline were determined, and a systematic review of the literature from 1987 to 2005 was performed, and included a search of online databases and consultation with content experts. Results The literature review found many cohort studies, case series, and case reports, but relatively few randomized or definitive trials examining the success and impact of fertility preservation methods in people with cancer. Fertility preservation methods are used infrequently in people with cancer. Recommendations As part of education and informed consent before cancer therapy, oncologists should address the possibility of infertility with patients treated during their reproductive years and be prepared to discuss possible fertility preservation options or refer appropriate and interested patients to reproductive specialists. Clinician judgment should be employed in the timing of raising this issue, but discussion at the earliest possible opportunity is encouraged. Sperm and embryo cryopreservation are considered standard practice and are widely available; other available fertility preservation methods should be considered investigational and be performed in centers with the necessary expertise. Conclusion Fertility preservation is often possible in people undergoing treatment for cancer. To preserve the full range of options, fertility preservation approaches should be considered as early as possible during treatment planning.
Methods and Devices Used to Measure Friction in Rolling
Authors: Jeswiet J , Arentoft M , Henningsen P 
Published: May 2006

Friction at the workpiece-die boundary, in both bulk forming and sheet forming is, arguably, the single most important physical parameter influencing the processing of metals; yet it remains the least understood. Hence there is a need for basic research into metal-die interface mechanisms. To gain a good understanding of the mechanisms at the interface and to be able to verify the friction and tribology models that exist, friction sensors are needed. Designing sensors to measure frictional stress in metal working has been pursued by many researchers. This paper surveys methods that have been used to measure friction in rolling in the past and discusses some of the recent sensor designs that can now be used to measure friction both in production situations and for research purposes.
‘Inlet suction’, a load support mechanism in non-convergent, pocketed, hydrodynamic bearings
Authors: Olver A. V. , Fowell M. T. , Spikes H. A. , Pegg I. G. 
Published: May 2006

It is shown that a simple parallel pad bearing containing a closed pocket can support load if it operates in an ambient pressure that is appreciably in excess of the cavitation pressure of the lubricating fluid. This arises due to fluid flow driven by subambient pressures in the inlet region of the pad (‘inlet suction’). Maximum load capacity occurs when the pocket is located near the inlet to the bearing and under conditions such that cavitation is just provoked.
Soot Formation in Diesel Fuel Jets Near the Lift-Off Length
Authors: Pickett L M , Siebers D L 
Published: May 2006

Soot formation in the region downstream of the lift-off length of diesel fuel jets was investigated in an optically accessible constant-volume combustion vessel under quiescent-type diesel engine conditions. Planar laser-induced incandescence and line-of-sight laser extinction were used to determine the location of the first soot formation during mixing-controlled combustion. OH chemiluminescence imaging was used to determine the location of high-heat-release reactions relative to the soot-forming region. The primary parameters varied in the experiments were the sooting propensity of the fuel and the amount of fuel-air premixing that occurs upstream of the lift-off length. The fuels considered in order of increasing sooting propensity were: an oxygenated fuel blend (T70), a blend of diesel cetane-number reference fuels (CN80), and a #2 diesel fuel (D2). Fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length was varied by changing ambient gas and injector conditions, which varied either the lift-off length or the air entrainment rate into the fuel jet relative to the fuel injection rate. Results show that soot formation starts at a finite distance downstream of the lift-off length and that the spatial location of soot formation depends on the fuel type and operating conditions. The distance from the lift-off length to the location of the first soot formation increases as the fuel sooting propensity decreases (i.e. in the order D2 < CN80 < T70). At the baseline operating conditions, the most upstream soot formation occurs at the edges of the jet for D2 and CN80, while for T70 the soot formation is confined to the jet central region. When conditions are varied to produce enhanced fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length in D2 fuel jets, the initial soot formation shifts towards the fuel jet centre and eventually no soot is formed. For all experimental conditions, the observed location of soot formation relative to the heat-release location (lift-off) suggests that soot formation occurs in a mixture of combustion products originating from partially premixed reactions and a diffusion flame. The results also imply that soot precursor formation rates depend strongly on fuel type in the region between the lift-off length and the first soot formation.
Application of Fume Pyrolysis to Preparation of Superconductive Films
Authors: Miki Takeshi , Yamada Seiji , Ogawa Takao , Kakuta Noriyoshi , Ueno Akifumi , Suzuki Yasushi , Koyama Kuniyuki , Noguchi Seiichiro , Yamada Mamoru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Superconductive films composed of Ba2YCu3O7−x were prepared by a fume pyrolysis technique on a YSZ substrate. Films thus prepared and successively annealed at 1273 K in oxygen atmosphere showed superconductive properties below 90 K and zero resistivity was observed at 80 K with 100 μA of the current.
Spontaneous Separation of Enantiomeric Components in Synthetic Bilayer Membranes
Authors: Yamada Norihiro , Sasaki Tazuko , Murata Hiroko , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Enantiomeric components in bilayer membranes of chiral ammonium amphiphiles which contain the azobenzene unit separate spontaneously from each other, as evidenced by absorption spectral changes and electron microscopic observation of helical superstructures.
A New Mechanistic Channel for Photochemical Electron Transfer of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) with Triethylamine. Possible Participation of a Nonemitting Excited State
Authors: Ishitani Osamu , Ishii Koichiro , Yanagida Shozo , Pac Chyongjin , Ohno Takeshi , Yoshimura Akio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Laser-flash photolysis of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and triethylamine in methanol gives [Ru(bpy)3]+ within 100 ns, even though the luminescence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is not quenched at all by triethylamine in this solvent. Possible participation of a non-emitting state in the redox reaction is suggested.
Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Polyallylamine Modified with (Perfluoroalkyl)phenyl Groups
Authors: Tamura Masanori , Sekiya Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
(Perfluoroalkyl)phenyl groups were introduced to polyallylamine by thiourea bonds. Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of the polymers were successfully prepared. Characterization of the films indicated that structural isomerism of substituted benzene has an effect upon the molecular ordering in the LB film and that the limiting area and critical surface tension of the LB films become smaller in the order, ortho, meta, and para isomers.
Vinylation of Methyl Acetate and Methyl Propionate with Methanol in the Presence of Oxygen on Metal Ion-Exchanged Forms of Fluoro Tetrasilicic Mica
Authors: Wang Fey-long , Ueda Wataru , Morikawa Yutaka , Ikawa Tsuneo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Among metal ion-exchanged forms of fluoro tetrasilicic mica (M-TSM’s), Ti(IV)-TSM showed the highest catalytic activity at 350 °C for the vinylation of esters with methanol in the presence of oxygen. The values of selectivity for the vinylation of methyl acetate to methyl acrylate and that of methyl propionate to methyl methacrylate attained 87 and 64%, respectively.
A Novel Generation and Behavior of Alkylfluorocarbenoids from α,α-Chlorofluoroalkyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Semba Fumihiko , Tasaka Tadataka , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
α,α-Chlorofluoroalkyl sulfoxides undergo nucleophilic desulfinylation with a Grignard reagent to give alkylfluorocarbenoids which collapse into cis-fluoroalkenes in the presence of copper(I) iodide.