bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF THE MITOTIC ACTIVITY IN THE RAT SEMINAL VESICLE BY "CHALONE"
Authors: Söderström Karl-Ove , Tuohimaa Pentti 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One month after castration male rats were injected daily with 2 × 50 μg of testosterone. Starting before the highest mitotic activity of seminal vesicles, 3 injections of normal seminal vesicle extract were given into the lumen at 3 h intervals. The contralateral seminal vesicle was injected with rat liver extract. Tritiated thymidine was given intravenously. The labelling index of the seminal vesicles was determined by means of radioautography.
The crude supernatant of seminal vesicle was the most effective to inhibit the mitotic activity of the seminal vesicles. The decrease was on an average 34 per cent. The liver extract did not influence the mitotic activity. When the seminal vesicle extract was fractionated by Sephadex G-25, the largest fraction (M. W. > 3000) showed the highest inhibitory activity, whereas the smallest fraction (M.W. < 1000) was ineffective. The inhibiton of mitosis can also be induced by an unspecific factor, since pronase showed slight inhibitory action on seminal vesicle mitosis. However, the seminal vesicle extract had no inhibitory action on the epidermal mitotic activity.
THE EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON THE PLASMA GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSE TO GONADOTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE
Authors: Donald Richard A. , Espiner Eric A. , Cowles R. John , Fazackerley Joy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cyproterone acetate (100–150 mg daily) was administered to 8 male patients with excessive libido. Within 3 months a significant fall (P < 0.02) in plasma testosterone was demonstrated. The plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) responses to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) were also significantly impaired (P < 0.05). A direct correlation between the resting plasma testosterone level and the LH response to LH/FSH-RH was demonstrated (r = 0.743). It is concluded that the fall in plasma testosterone levels in patients receiving cyproterone acetate may be attributed to suppression of LH release, rather than an antiandrogen effect on the testis or hypothalamus.
INCONSISTENCY OF THE TIBIA TEST FOR ESTIMATING GROWTH HORMONE IN CRUDE PITUTARY EXTRACTS
Authors: Somana Reon , Evans Edward S. , Ching Melvin , Evans Alison B. , Trakulrungsi Chatchai 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The complement fixation immunoassay (CFIA) was used for quantitating growth hormone (GH) in crude anterior pituitary extracts from rats subjected to thyroidectomy with or without cortisol and exogenous GH administration. The results obtained from this study were compared with pertinent bioassay (tibia test) results or correlated with the pituitary acidophil cell counts. Whereas it has been reported that pituitary GH levels are normal by the tibia test at 2 weeks after thyroidectomy, the highly specific CFIA method showed an actual 87 % decrement which correlated well with the reduction in acidophils. In addition, the apparently normal content of GH after cortisol administration to thyroidectomized rats, as measured by the tibia test, was contradictory to the very low acidophil population and to the marked reduction in pituitary GH content as measured by the CFIA. Furthermore, theoretical tibia responses illustrate the inconsistency of the bioassay in different experimental conditions. If, as previously suggested, the content of thyrotrophin (TSH) in the crude pituitary extracts renders the bioassay of GH a dubious procedure, then the superiority of immunoassay is obvious.
THE DIURNAL VARIATION IN RENAL IODIDE EXCRETION RATE IN RABBITS
Authors: Vadstrup Steen , Bojsen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The diurnal variation in renal iodide excretion rate was determined in unrestrained female rabbits by means of either a conventional clearance technique or a continuous monitoring of the whole body disappearance of iv injected 125I-iodide using an implanted Geiger-Müller detector.
A distinct diurnal rhythm was detected in the disappearance rate of 125I-iodide. A slow disappearance rate occurred from 12 p. m. to 6 a. m. (darkness from 5 p. m. to 5 a. m.).
The values of iodide excretion rate obtained by both methods were consistent like in humans with an excretion fraction of 0.3 for iodide in rabbits.
In rabbits weighing 3-4 kg the renal iodide excretion rates were 5-7 ml/min during the rapid phase and 3-4 ml/min during the slow phase.
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF TSH ON RENAL IODIDE EXCRETION RATE IN RABBITS
Authors: Vadstrup Steen , Bojsen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The renal iodide excretion rate was determined in unrestrained female rabbits by means of conventional clearance technique or continuous monitoring of the whole body disappearance of iv injected 125I-iodide using an implanted Geiger-Müller detector.
The immediate effect of pharmacological doses of bovine TSH was studied by both methods and a significant decrease in iodide excretion rate was recorded following the administration of a single TSH dose of 4 IU. The effect of TSH lasted 3–6 h. Injection of 10–20 μg TRH caused a transient delay in iodide disappearance (30–50 min) while 2–20 μg triiodothyronine iv or sc had no immediate effect on the iodide disappearance.
SERUM GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSF TO BROMOCRIPTINE DURING A GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: Cassar J. , Mashiter K. , Sullivan G. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum growth hormone was assayed in eighteen acromegalic patients during an oral glucose tolerance test with and without 2.5 mg bromocriptine.
The serum growth hormone levels during the glucose tolerance test with bromocriptine, although significantly lower at two sampling times, do not show any distinct pattern. We conclude that such an acute test will not distinguish the patient who might respond to long term treatment with bromocriptine.
THE SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF 17β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE IN THE HUMAN TERM PLACENTA
Authors: Thomas C. M. G. , Veerkamp J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human term placenta tissue homogenates were subjected to differential centrifugation procedures. The composition of the subcellular fractions was monitored with a number of marker enzymes and the effectiveness of these enzyme systems was evaluated. The subcellular fractions were tested for their 17β-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity on testosterone, oestradiol and the synthetic substrate retrotestosterone.
Buffer medium composition showed a direct influence upon enzyme distribution patterns of all fractions during the same differential centrifugation procedure. All enzyme activities tested became less sedimentable when glycerol was present in the fractionation buffer. Glycerol stabilized soluble 17β-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity during fractionation. The activity of steroid-converting enzymes was inhibited by the presence of glycerol in the medium.
Subcellular distribution of marker enzymes did not sustain the presence of mitochondrial 17β-hydroxy dehydrogenase but related it to microsomal contamination. In general the proportion of 17β-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity in the particulate fractions showed a decrease in the substrate order retrotestosterone > testosterone > oestradiol which was independent from the buffer medium used.
Specific activities for both particle-bound and soluble 17β-hydroxy dehydrogenase increased in the substrate order retrotestosterone < testosterone < oestradiol. The particulate enzyme activity was maximal with NAD+ for the three substrates tested, but in the cytosol fraction NADP+ was the preferential co-enzyme only when oestradiol was used as the substrate.
STUDIES ON ECTOPIC ACTH-PRODUCING TUMOURS.
Authors: Yamamoto H. , Hirata Y. , Matsukura S. , Imura H. , Nakamura M. , Tanaka A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to elucidate whether ectopic ACTH-producing tumours elaborate corticotrophin-releasing factors (CRF)-like materials, the CRF-like activity of tumour extracts was measured by the in vitro pituitary incubation method. Seven out of 12 tumour extracts with suspected ACTH-producing tumours showed CRF-like activity. No correlation was found between ACTH and CRF-like activities in tumour extracts in which both activities were present. The dose-response curve of a tumour extract was almost parallel to that of crude CRF (NIAMDD) and clearly different from those of lysine-8-vasopressin and arginine-vasopressin, both of which showed CRF-like activity by this assay method.
Trypsin digestion considerably lowered the CRF-like activity of a tumour extract. These results suggest that ectopic production of CRF-like substance(s) occurs more frequently than was supposed previously, especially in ACTH-producing tumours.
EVIDENCE FOR THE ADRENAL SOURCE OF ANDROGENS IN PRECOCIOUS ADRENARCHE
Authors: Korth-Schutz Sigrun , Levine Lenore S. , New Maria I. , Chow Diane M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to determine the source of androgens in precocious adrenarche, serum androgens were determined in 8 girls with precocious adrenarche and 5 agonadal children in adrenarche under conditions of adrenal and gonadal stimulation and suppression. All androgens increased with ACTH stimulation in both groups. Stimulability of serum androgens in girls with precocious adrenarche with ACTH was more consistent than in 13 prepubertal children. Human chorionic gonadotrophin administration increased serum Δ4-androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the girls with precocious adrenarche but not in the agonadal children, demonstrating the failure of HCG to stimulate adrenals.
Dexamethasone suppression decreased levels of all androgens in both groups, whereas Norlutin® or Ovral® produced variable changes.
These studies support the adrenal origin of androgens in precocious adrenarche and the lack of ovarian contributions in this condition.
THE SEROTONIN RETAINING EFFECT OF LITHIUM IN THE RAT THYROID
Authors: Vejlsted H. , Korsgaard O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hypothesis of a lithium induced serotonin retention in the rat thyroid has been tested. It has been found that the thyroid in rats treated with lithium contains double the amount of serotonin compared with glands from untreated animals. The ability of TSH to stimulate serotonin release is inhibited by lithium.
The ability of serotonin to stimulate thyroid hormone secretion in vitro is documented. The inhibitory action of lithium on both TSH and serotonin stimulation of hormone release is documented.
The serotonin retaining effect of lithium as part of the goitrogenic effect of this ion is discussed.
EFFECTS OF ACTH AND ITS O-NITROPHENYL SULPHENYL DERIVATIVE ON ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN VIVO
Authors: Ramachandran J. , Kong Y. C. , Liles Susanna 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Both ACTH and NPS-ACTH in which the single tryptophan residue of the hormone is modified were able to stimulate adrenal corticosterone concentration to the same extent in hypophysectomized rats, although a higher dose of NPS-ACTH was required. ACTH stimulated adrenal cyclic AMP levels 120-fold in hypophysectomized rats whereas NPS-ACTH caused a marginal increase. In the case of ACTH, low doses of the hormone capable of producing maximal stimulation of corticosterone synthesis did not produce any detectable change in cyclic AMP concentration. The rates of secretion of corticosterone induced by ACTH and NPS-ACTH in vivo were the same. NPS-ACTH was found to be 1.2% as potent as ACTH.
The role of cyclic AMP in adrenal repair was investigated by administering equipotent doses of ACTH or NPS-ACTH to hypophysectomized rats. In adult rats both failed to produce a significant increase in adrenal weight. Adrenal function (measured by responsiveness to exogenous ACTH in vitro) was restored by NPS-ACTH but not to the same degree as ACTH. In hypophysectomized weanling rats, ACTH produced a small but significant increase in adrenal weight but NPS-ACTH did not. These results suggest that an increase in adrenal cyclic AMP may not be obligatory for the stimulation of steroidogenesis by ACTH and that some of the trophic actions of the hormone may be mediated by cyclic AMP.
PERMEABILITY OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES TO ELECTRON-DENSE MACROMOLECULES
Authors: Cran D. G. , Moor R. M. , Hay Mary F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ferritin (m. w. 500 000) perfused into the ovarian arteries of sheep permeated the theca interna and was also found in the membrana granulosa of both non-atretic and atretic Graafian follicles. Colloidal gold (m. w. 1 000 000) similarly perfused, was found in the theca interna but not in the granulosa. The results are discussed in terms of the blood-follicle barrier.
RADIOLIGAND RECEPTOR ASSAY OF FSH
Authors: Brown P. S. , Sharpe R. M. , Hartog M. , Shahmanesh M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The assay of FSH by a radioligand receptor assay (RLA) using homogenates of rat testicular tissue incubated for 17 h at 21°C has been assessed. Chloramine-T or lactoperoxidase were used for iodination. The assay gave linear dose-response lines between 30 and 2000 ng sheep FSH/tube, and there was usually no major interference by LH. Two batches of labelled FSH, however, gave assays in which LH showed a striking interaction with FSH. When these batches were avoided and FSH and LH were mixed in ratios that differed less than fourfold, the assay was combined successfully, in the same tubes, with an RLA for LH, using LH and FSH labelled with 131I and 125I respectively. The RLA for FSH was not suitable for assay of FSH in rat serum because of apparent non-specific interference. Assay by RLA of rat FSH, in pituitary homogenates or released during incubation in vitro, gave results which were not closely correlated with those of either conventional bioassay or radioimmunoassay.
DIFFERENCES OF THE EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE PRODUCTION OF LH AND FSH
Authors: Chowdhury Mridula , Steinberger Emil 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of testosterone propionate (1 mg/day) on the synthesis and circulating levels of FSH and LH were studied in normal adult male rats. The pituitary and serum gonadotrophins were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay. The de novo synthesis of gonadotrophins was assessed by the rate of in vitro incorporation of [3H]leucine into the immunoprecipitable FSH and LH. After 4 days of treatment with testosterone propionate the circulating LH levels dropped significantly, while FSH remained unchanged. Pituitary LH content and concentration declined significantly after 1 day, and incorporation of [3H]leucine into the immunoprecipitable LH became undetectable 4 days after initiation of treatment. Pituitary FSH content and concentration showed a significant increase after the 4th day of treatment. A slight tendency towards increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into FSH was observed throughout the treatment period, although it was statistically not significant.
The data provide direct evidence for a differential effect of TP on FSH and LH production by the pituitary and show that the decrease in the pituitary and plasma levels of LH in testosterone treated rats is due to the decrease in LH synthesis.
STUDIES ON PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY AND FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND IN RATS ADMINISTERED EXCESS IODIDE
Authors: Sinadinović J. , Liewendahl K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid auto-proteolytic activity in rats increased significantly only after several weeks of treatment with 1 mg iodide per day. Iodide added in vitro did not activate thyroid auto-proteolysis, nor was inhibition observed. Thyroid proteolytic activity was also tested using 131I-labelled heat-inactivated thyroid homogenate from control rats as substrate. Significantly increased proteolytic activity was again demonstrated in thyroid glands from rats on excess iodide for several weeks. The increased proteolytic activity is therefore probably not due to a decreased proteolytic resistance of thyroglobulin in the iodide-treated rats. Increased synthesis or decreased degradation of thyroid proteolytic enzymes is a more likely explanation for this phenomenon. These findings are at variance with those of some previous studies showing decreased proteolytic activity in thyroid glands from rats administered excess iodide. Since the rats remained euthyroid the increased auto-proteolysis, which occurred quite late, was considered an unexpected finding and it is at present not certain whether this is related to the successful adaptation. Treatment with iodide did not alter the thyroid and hypophyseal weight or histology. Serum free thyroxine level and thyrotrophin concentration were also unaffected by excess iodide. The adaptation of the intact rat thyroid to prolonged and excess iodide intake seems to occur without the assistance of an altered thyrotrophin secretion.
BREAST CANCER IN THE FORBES-ALBRIGHT SYNDROME
Authors: Daniels Gilbert H. , Kourides lone A. , Maloof Farahe 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 33 year old woman with persistent galactorrhoea developed breast cancer six years after pituitary radiation for a pituitary adenoma (Forbes-Albright syndrome). The possible role of prolactin in human mammary cacinoma is discussed.
INHIBITION AND FACILITATION OF FEEDBACK INFLUENCES OF DEXAMETHASONE ON ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES TO ETHER STRESS IN RATS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTATIONS AND BRAIN LESIONS
Authors: Feldman Shaul , Conforti Nissim 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to elucidate the mechanisms and the sites of action of the negative feedback of corticoids in the regulation of ACTH secretion, the effects of systemically administered dexamethasone on adrenocortical responses to ether stress were studied in intact rats and in 11 experimental groups. These included animals with partial anterior, anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior and small posterior deafferentations as well as bilateral lesions in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (FLD), medial and lateral midbrain reticular formation (MRF) and in the ventrolateral pons.
In rats with posterior hypothalamic deafferentation the degree of the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was much smaller than that in intact animals. In animals with lesions in the FLD and MRF, dexamethasone also produced a reduction in the suppression of the response, though the difference was not significant. Bilateral lesions in the MFB and MP have on the other hand very significantly enhanced the effect of the negative feedback of dexamethasone when compared to intact rats. These data would indicate that hypothalamic deafferentations and brain lesions may change the sensitivity of the hypothalamus for the feedback control of corticoids and that there exist two antagonistic systems, an inhibitory and a facilitatory, in the brain which mediate this effect.
TRANSFORMATION OF [1,2-3H] ALDOSTERONE IN THE FOETAL AND PLACENTAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Pasqualini J. R. , Bedin M. , Cogneville A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vivo and in vitro transformation of labelled d-aldosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-4-pregnen-18-al) was studied in the foetal tissues and placenta of guinea pig (35–45 days of gestation). The principal metabolite found in all of these tissues was tetrahydroaldosterone (3α,18,21-trihydroxy-20-oxo-5β-pregnan-18-al). A large transformation into this metabolite was found in foetal liver (67–68 %) and in the placenta (69–82%). Incubation of [3H]- or [14C] aldosterone with the isolated placenta also showed a large conversion to the tetrahydroderivative suggesting that the reductase(s) of ring A of aldosterone is present in this tissue.
Most of the unmetabolized aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone was found in the unconjugated fraction. Very little of the radioactive material was present in the polar steroids extracted with n-butanol. Aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone were liberated from this fraction after enzymatic hydrolysis (β-glucuronidase and sulphatase) or by solvolysis, suggesting that part of these conjugates is present in the foetal compartment as sulphate esters and glucuronides. Moreover, in this fraction a polar, unconjugated aldosterone metabolite with the characteristics of an acidic compound was detected.
DISAPPEARANCE OF [14,15-3H]d,l-NORGESTREL FROM PLASMA AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF WOMEN
Authors: Uniyal J. P. , Buckshee K. , Sharma U. , Laumas K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After an iv injection of [14,15-3H]d,l-norgestrel into 7 women, its disappearance from the plasma and its distribution in the reproductive organs has been investigated. It was found that initially norgestrel disappeared rapidly from the plasma with a half-life of 38.8 min followed by a slower disappearance with a half-life of 45.18 h. The disappearance curve has been analysed on the basis of a biexponential curve representing a two compartmental model. The low metabolic clearance rate of 458.5 1/24 h indicated a more prolonged persistance of norgestrel in the body.
Uptake of norgestrel and its metabolites was very high in the endometrium, myometrium, cervix, Fallopian tube, ovary and body fat. Compared to the myometrium. more norgestrel as such was concentrated in the endometrium at 30 min and 12 h after injection of [14,15-3H]d,l-norgestrel. The myometrium on the other hand contained higher amounts of norgestrel at 5 min. The significance and the possible role of localization of norgestrel at multiple sites in the reproductive tract and its contraceptive action are discussed.
INFLUENCE OF LOW DOSE OESTROGEN ON CIRCULATING PROLACTIN, LH AND FSH LEVELS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Robyn C. , Vekemans M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect on serum prolactin, LH and FSH levels of 25 μg ethinyloestradiol administered daily per os during 27 consecutive days was investigated in 5 post-menopausal women aged 52-78. Blood samples were collected before, during and after treatment. The hormones were assayed in serum by radioimmunological methods. Both LH and FSH decreased progressively and significantly from 120 and 115 mIU/ml before treatment to 52 and 51 mIU/ml, respectively after three weeks of oestrogen administration. Two weeks after interruption of treatment, LH (90 mIU/ml) and FSH (112 mIU/ml) were significantly higher than during the last week of treatment.
Mean prolactin level increased from 127 μU/ml before treatment to 237 μU/ml after 10 days of oestrogen administration (P < 0.001). This increase was significant after 4 to 8 days and the levels remained about twice as high as the control values for the rest of the treatment period. Two weeks after interruption of treatment, serum prolactin had fallen (136 μU/ml) to the pre-treatment levels. Such results raise the question of possible effects of elevated levels of this hormone during long term oestrogen medication in post-menopausal women on the development of breast cancer.
MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID IN NORWAY
Authors: Normann T. , Gautvik K. M. , Johannessen J. V. , Brennhovd I. O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study of the clinical, biochemical and histological findings of 57 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MCT) in Norway, is presented. The diagnosis was established by light and electron microscopy and by measurements of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) in serum. The major factor influencing the prognosis was the extension of the disease at presentation. None of the 24 patients with tumour confined to the thyroid gland have died of the disease, and serum iCT was normal in 15 patients. Of 19 patients with regional lymph node metastases only 11 are alive I to 14 years after treatment, and of these 9 had increased serum iCT. Of 14 patients technically inoperable and/or with distant metastases, 12 have died of MCT, 2 are alive with elevated serum iCT. Of 14 patients with raised serum iCT, 8 have no clinical recurrence of the disease from 1 to 15 years after the operation. MCT-associated diseases were found in 8 patients, chronic thyroiditis in 10. Serum iCT was measured in 249 relatives of 42 patients, and abnormal elevations were found in 11 members of 6 families.