bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D preoperative predictions of in vivo hip stability and edge loading for neutral and lipped liners
Authors: LaCour Michael , Nachtrab Jarrod , Nguyen Thang , Dessinger Garett M. , Jacobs Andrew , Komistek Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHip dislocation is one of the leading causes of failure and revision surgery for total hip arthroplasty. To reduce dislocation rates, lipped liners have been designed with an elevated portion of the rim, to increase jump distance and maintain greater contact area. While it has been documented that lipped liners help reduce dislocation, the objective of this study is to investigate whether lipped liners also help reduce smaller instances of hip micromotion, separation, and edge loading. This study uses an advanced three‐dimensional preoperative planning tool to analyze 10 patients, each implanted with both a neutral and lipped liner. Patients within the simulation performed stance phase of gait, and each cup was implanted with the rotation center aligned with the preoperative acetabulum center as well as shifted medially by 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm, yielding 120 total simulations. Specific postoperative outcomes‐of‐interest included specified component offset, resultant in vivo hip forces, hip separation, and contact area to evaluate edge loading. The planner predicted a reduction in hip separation and an increase in articulating contact area for when using a lipped liner compared to a neutral liner. Additionally, regardless of liner type, increases in hip separation corresponded to decreases in contact area, therefore resulting in edge loading of the liner. Together, this indicates that improper component alignment and offsets may lead to an increase in hip separation and edge loading, but the use of a lipped liner may provide improved stability and resistance to this micromotion.
The effects of adding various starches on the structures of restructured potato‐based dough and the oil uptake of potato chips
Authors: Zhang Jin , Ni Yang , Li Jinwei , Fan Liuping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe material composition significantly influences the oil absorption and quality characteristics of fried food products. The oil absorption of restructured potato chips is highly dependent on the structural properties of the restructured potato‐based dough produced prior to frying. In this study, three types of starch were added to modify the structure of restructured potato‐based dough, allowing the production of potato chips with less oil absorption.RESULTSDistinct differences were observed among the three types of starch in terms of amylose content, chain length distribution, swelling power, solubility, crystalline structure and pasting properties. The addition of wheat starch, corn starch and tapioca starch changed the rheological properties, water distribution and strength of the restructured dough. Importantly, adding wheat starch and corn starch significantly lowered the oil content of potato chips by 7.94% and 13.06%, respectively. The reduction in oil absorption by potato chips was attributed to the increased strength of the starchy gel network of the dough, a slower rate of water evaporation and a limitation of dough expansion during frying.CONCLUSIONAdding wheat starch or corn starch to restructured potato‐based dough resulted in a decrease in the oil absorption of potato chips by creating a stronger starchy gel network in the dough. This study could guide the development of suitable material compositions, which are important for producing fried food products with lower oil content. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The efficacy of multi‐disciplinary lifestyle modifications in Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Lun , Dai Chia‐Yen , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Shiu‐Feng , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Hsu Po‐Yau , Huang Ching‐I , Wei Yu‐Ju , Liang Po‐Cheng , Bair Ming‐Jong , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Lin Zu‐Yau , Huang Jee‐Fu , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLifestyle modification is the standard of care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a short‐term lifestyle modification program in the disease course of Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with paired biopsies. All patients received a 6‐month, strict multidisciplinary program of lifestyle modifications led by physicians, dieticians, and nursing staff. The histopathological and clinical features were assessed. The endpoints were normalization of transaminase levels, metabolic parameters, a decrease in the NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥1, and a decrease in the fibrosis stage ≥1. We also aimed to elucidate the predictors associated with disease progression. A total of 37 patients with biopsy‐proven NASH were enrolled. The normalization of transaminase levels increased from 0% to 13.5%. There were also significantly increased proportions of patients with normal total cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Fifteen (40.5%) patients had an increased NAS ≥1, whereas 10 (27.0%) patients had NAS regression. Twelve (32.4%) patients had increased fibrosis ≥1 stage. Only 2 (5.4%) patients experienced fibrosis regression. A high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was associated with NAS progression. Older age and higher transaminase and FPG levels were factors associated with fibrosis progression. Seven (18.9%) patients achieved a body weight reduction >3%, and 4 (57.1%) of them experienced NAS regression. No significant effect of weight reduction on the progression of fibrosis was observed. The short‐term lifestyle modification program significantly decreased liver enzymes and metabolic parameters in NASH patients. A more precise or intensive program may be needed for fibrosis improvement.
Cy3‐Based Nanoviscosity Determination of Mucus: Effect of Mucus Collection Methods and Antibiotics Treatment
Authors: Gottwald Jacqueline , Balke Jens , Stellmacher Johannes , van Vorst Kira , Ghazisaeedi Fereshteh , Fulde Marcus , Alexiev Ulrike 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe integrity of the protective mucus layer as a primary defense against pathogen invasion and microbial leakage into the intestinal epithelium can be compromised by the effects of antibiotics on the commensal microbiome. Changes in mucus integrity directly affect the solvent viscosity in the immediate vicinity of the mucin network, that is, the nanoviscosity, which in turn affects both biochemical reactions and selective transport. To assess mucus nanoviscosity, a reliable readout via the viscosity‐dependent fluorescence lifetime of the molecular rotor dye cyanine 3 is established and nanoviscosities from porcine and murine ex vivo mucus are determined. To account for different mucin concentrations due to the removal of digestive residues during mucus collection, the power law dependence of mucin concentration on viscosity is used. The impact of antibiotics combinations (meropenem/vancomycin, gentamycin/ampicillin) on ex vivo intestinal mucus nanoviscosity is presented. The significant increase in viscosity of murine intestinal mucus after treatment suggests an effect of antibiotics on the microbiota that affects mucus integrity. This method will be a useful tool to assess how drugs, directly or indirectly, affect mucus integrity. Additionally, the method can be utilized to analyze the role of mucus nanoviscosity in health and disease, as well as in drug development.
Highly‐accelerated CEST MRI using frequency‐offset‐dependent k‐space sampling and deep‐learning reconstruction
Authors: Liu Chuyu , Li Zhongsen , Chen Zhensen , Zhao Benqi , Zheng Zhuozhao , Song Xiaolei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a highly accelerated CEST Z‐spectral acquisition method using a specifically‐designed k‐space sampling pattern and corresponding deep‐learning‐based reconstruction.MethodsFor k‐space down‐sampling, a customized pattern was proposed for CEST, with the randomized probability following a frequency‐offset‐dependent (FOD) function in the direction of saturation offset. For reconstruction, the convolution network (CNN) was enhanced with a Partially Separable (PS) function to optimize the spatial domain and frequency domain separately. Retrospective experiments on a self‐acquired human brain dataset (13 healthy adults and 15 brain tumor patients) were conducted using k‐space resampling. The prospective performance was also assessed on six healthy subjects.ResultsIn retrospective experiments, the combination of FOD sampling and PS network (FOD + PSN) showed the best quantitative metrics for reconstruction, outperforming three other combinations of conventional sampling with varying density and a regular CNN (nMSE and SSIM, p < 0.001 for healthy subjects). Across all acceleration factors from 4 to 14, the FOD + PSN approach consistently outperformed the comparative methods in four contrast maps including MTRasym, MTRrex, as well as the Lorentzian Difference maps of amide and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). In the subspace replacement experiment, the error distribution demonstrated the denoising benefits achieved in the spatial subspace. Finally, our prospective results obtained from healthy adults and brain tumor patients (14×) exhibited the initial feasibility of our method, albeit with less accurate reconstruction than retrospective ones.ConclusionThe combination of FOD sampling and PSN reconstruction enabled highly accelerated CEST MRI acquisition, which may facilitate CEST metabolic MRI for brain tumor patients.
Knowledge of urinary incontinence among women 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery
Authors: Li Jie , Zhao Xiaoling , Li Juanhua , Liu Yuanwen , Li Tiantian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) is common among postpartum women, but many do not seek medical help due to limited knowledge. Understanding the level of knowledge about UI in this population is essential for improving care‐seeking behaviors and implementing targeted interventions.ObjectiveThe objective was to examine knowledge regarding UI among postpartum women with UI within 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at obstetric clinic in two level‐three grade A hospitals in Shenzhen, China, from January 2023 to June 2023. Women in their 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery with UI were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising three sections: (1) demographic variable; (2) International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF); and (3) The Urinary Incontinence Quiz (UIQ).ResultsA total of 1228 women completed the questionnaire. Their mean UIQ score was 6.63 ± 3.51 (minimum = 2, maximum = 15), indicating the deficiency of UI knowledge among Chinese postpartum women. A total of 86.4% of participants experienced slight or moderate postpartum UI. The results of multivariate linear regression models for UIQ reveal significant independent associations between questionnaire scores and two variables: experience in pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (p < 0.001) and UI treatment in the past (p < 0.001). The overall model fit was R2 = 0.559 (p < 0.001). The regression coefficients for the experience in PFMT and UI treatment in the past were 2.301 and 4.916, respectively. However, no other discernible factors were identified to distinguish between those with and without adequate knowledge.ConclusionsPostpartum women with UI within 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery had poor knowledge of UI. Targeted educational interventions focusing on PFMT and early treatment for UI are essential.
SMS2DC: Synchronous mobile sinks scheduling for data collection in internet of things‐enabled wireless sensor networks
Authors: Swapna Nagalapuram Selvarajan , Krishna Raguru Jaya , Reddy Avija Vishnuvardhan , Rao Patike Kiran , Prakash Perumalla Suman 
Published: April 2024

SummaryEnergy‐efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is crucial due to the limited battery capacity of sensor nodes (SNs). Using a mobile sink (MS) for data collection can lower the energy consumption of SNs to avoid relaying in WSNs. However, a single MS is not a feasible solution for large‐scale WSNs, so it was necessary to use multiple MSs to collect data. A synchronous MS scheduling strategy for data collection (SMS2DC) is proposed in this paper, which uses two types of MS, a local MS to collect data from SN and a global MS to collect data from local MS. In this process, we begin by partitioning the network based on chemical reaction optimization. For each partition, a MS is assigned and scheduled using a path construction strategy according to a geometric path construction approach. In addition, a global MS is scheduled based on a local MS trajectory by identifying the most appropriate collision point to collect data. As a result, the algorithm increases data collection accuracy while minimizing network data loss. The asymptotic time complexity of the proposed SMS2DC algorithm needed . The comparison results show the superiority of the proposed SMS2DC strategy under multiple scenarios under various deployment conditions.
Plug‐and‐play adaptive surrogate modeling of parametric nonlinear dynamics in frequency domain
Authors: Huwiler Phillip , Pradovera Davide , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present an algorithm for constructing efficient surrogate frequency‐domain models of (nonlinear) parametric dynamical systems in anon‐intrusiveway. To capture the dependence of the underlying system on frequency and parameters, our proposed approach combines rational approximation and smooth interpolation. In the approximation effort, locally adaptive sparse grids are applied to effectively explore the parameter domain even if the number of parameters is modest or high. Adaptivity is also employed to build rational approximations that efficiently capture the frequency dependence of the problem. These two features enable our method to build surrogate models that achieve a user‐prescribed approximation accuracy, without wasting resources in “oversampling” the frequency and parameter domains. Thanks to its non‐intrusiveness, our proposed method, as opposed to projection‐based techniques for model order reduction, can be applied regardless of the complexity of the underlying physical model. Notably, our algorithm for adaptive sampling can be used even when prior knowledge of the problem structure is not available. To showcase the effectiveness of our approach, we apply it in the study of an aerodynamic bearing. Our method allows us to build surrogate models that adequately identify the bearing's behavior with respect to both design and operational parameters, while still achieving significant speedups.
Trajectories of self‐management and independence in youth with spina bifida: Family‐related predictors of growth
Authors: Ridosh Monique M. , Adams William , Driscoll Colleen F. B. , Magaña Fabiola , Sawin Kathleen J. , Holmbeck Grayson N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess family‐related predictors of self‐management trajectories in youth with spina bifida (SB). Participants with SB completed the Adolescent/Young Adult Self‐Management and Independence Scale (AMIS II) interview across four time points. Family functioning, family‐related stress, and perceived family support were assessed by multiple reporters and multiple methods. Growth in AMIS II total self‐management and the AMIS II subscales (Condition and Independent Living) were estimated using linear mixed effect models as a function of family factors, after controlling for socio‐demographic, condition‐related, and neuropsychological variables that had been found to be significant predictors of self‐management in prior studies. Model fit and parsimony were assessed using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). This diverse community sample included 99 respondents aged 18–27 years old. About half were female (52.5%) and White (52.5%); 15.2% were Black, and 32.3% were Hispanic/Latino. Observed family cohesion at baseline was associated with all self‐management scales at age 18 (all p < 0.05). Growth in self‐management was associated with parent‐reported number of family stress events. For growth in total self‐management, the best model included age, race/ethnicity, family income, shunt status, lesion level, neuropsychological function, observed family cohesion, and an age‐by‐number of family stress events interaction effect. The study findings suggested that family factors were important predictors of self‐management trajectories, even after controlling for socio‐demographic, condition‐related, and neuropsychological covariates. Risk and protective factors identified in families of youth with SB can inform family‐focused interventions for self‐management.
Robust high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for stability assessment and simultaneous quantification of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and rosmarinic acid in lipid‐based nanoparticles and biological matrices
Authors: Koli Rahul , Mannur Vinod S. , Shetti Priya P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSkin cancer poses a significant health risk globally, necessitating effective and safe therapeutic interventions. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) from green tea and rosmarinic acid (RA) from herbs like rosemary offer promising anticancer properties. Combining these compounds may enhance their effectiveness, prompting the need for a reliable analytical method to quantify them.ObjectiveHerein, we present the development and validation of a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for concurrent quantification of EGCG and RA in lipid‐based nanoparticles and biological samples.MethodologyThe method underwent optimisation through design of experiments (DoE), resulting in the establishment of robust chromatographic conditions. The separation process utilised aluminium HPTLC plates coated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase, with the mobile phase comprising ethyl acetate, toluene, formic acid, and methanol in a ratio of 4:4:1:1 v/v.ResultsThe retention factor (Rf) values obtained were 0.38 for EGCG and 0.61 for RA. The method demonstrated linearity over a range of 100–500 ng/band for both compounds with excellent correlation coefficients. Limits of detection and quantification were determined, indicating high sensitivity. Precision evaluations revealed relative standard deviation below 2%, ensuring method reproducibility. Recovery assays in lipid‐based nanoparticles, plasma, and urine samples demonstrated excellent recoveries (96.2%–102.1%). Forced degradation studies revealed minimal degradation under various stress conditions, with photolytic degradation showing the least impact.ConclusionThe developed HPTLC method offers a rapid, sensitive, and reliable approach for quantifying EGCG and RA, laying the groundwork for their further investigation as anticancer agents alone and in combination therapies.
Estimating risk to prevent damage: predicting and preventing coypu (Myocastor coypus) damage to transport infrastructure
Authors: Dondina Olivia , Orioli Valerio , Tirozzi Pietro , Bani Luciano 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDA major impact of invasive Myocastor coypus in their introduction range is the collapse of riverbanks and nearby infrastructure, such as railway lines, due to the species’ burrowing activities. Because widespread implementation of preventive measures along watercourses is unfeasible, identifying susceptible areas is key to guide targeted management actions. This study used species–habitat models to: (i) identify local environmental features of the railway line/watercourse intersections (RLWIs) that make them particularly susceptible to coypu damage, and (ii) predict species occurrence probability over a wide lowland–hilly area of northern Italy (Lombardy) to identify priority areas for monitoring.RESULTSLocal‐scale models identified that the RLWIs most susceptible to burrowing were those surrounded by arable land with interspersed hedgerows locally characterized by high herbaceous vegetation and clay soil. In urbanized areas and areas of intensive agriculture, coypu dens were generally located significantly closer to the railway, increasing the risk of collapse. A landscape‐scale species distribution model showed that lowland areas along major rivers and lake shores, and also agricultural areas with a dense minor hydrographic network, particularly in the southeast of the study area, are more likely to be occupied by coypu.CONCLUSIONLocal‐scale models showed that specific environmental characteristics increase the risk of burrowing near RLWIs. The landscape‐scale model allowed us to predict which areas require thorough monitoring of RLWIs to search for such local characteristics to implement preventive management measures. The proposed model‐based framework can be applied to any geographical context to predict and prevent coypu damage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response analyses of polatuzumab vedotin in patients with previously untreated DLBCL from the POLARIX study
Authors: Deng Rong , Gibiansky Leonid , Lu Tong , Flowers Christopher R. , Sehn Laurie H. , Liu Qi , Agarwal Priya , Liao Michael Z. , Dere Randall , Lee Calvin , Man Gabriel , Hirata Jamie , Li Chunze , Miles Dale 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolatuzumab vedotin is a CD79b‐directed antibody–drug conjugate that targets B cells and delivers the cytotoxic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The phase III POLARIX study (NCT03274492) evaluated polatuzumab vedotin in combination with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R‐CHP) as first‐line treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To examine dosing decisions for this regimen, population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analysis, using a previously developed popPK model, and exposure–response (ER) analysis, were performed. The popPK analysis showed no clinically meaningful relationship between cycle 6 (C6) antibody‐conjugated (acMMAE)/unconjugated MMAE area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) or maximum concentration, and weight, sex, ethnicity, region, mild or moderate renal impairment, mild hepatic impairment, or other patient and disease characteristics. In the ER analysis, C6 acMMAE AUC was significantly associated with longer progression‐free and event‐free survival (both p = 0.01). An increase of <50% in acMMAE/unconjugated MMAE exposure did not lead to a clinically meaningful increase in adverse events of special interest. ER data and the benefit–risk profile support the use of polatuzumab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg once every 3 weeks with R‐CHP for six cycles in patients with previously untreated DLBCL.
Full floodplain connectivity: Realising opportunities for ‘Stage 0’ river restoration
Authors: Clarke Stewart J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContinued declines in freshwater biodiversity and the challenges of climate change are creating greater interest in river restoration projects. Increasing recognition of the interaction between biological, geomorphological and hydrological processes has led to the development of ‘Stage 0’ river restoration. Stage 0 reaches are typically multi‐thread anabranching systems connected to the floodplain and its ecosystems. It is suggested that the defining characteristic of Stage 0 conditions is that of connectivity (longitudinal, lateral and vertical) at base flows. The methods or mechanisms that can re‐create such reaches are described, namely valley floor reset, beaver activity, beaver dam analogues and the use of large wood in the channel and floodplain. The scope for wider adoption of Stage 0 is then discussed and recommendations for expanding this approach across temperate regions with a long history of river modification and higher population densities are presented.