bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different anesthetic depth on postoperative delirium in elderly pre-frail patients undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Chen Rongman , Hou Pengfei , Liu Wanxin , Mi Haiqi , Jia Shuaiying , Lin Jingyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Monitoring anesthetic depth may reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing general anesthesia. This study investigated the impact of varying readings of Cerebral State Index (CSI) on postoperative delirium in elderly pre-frail patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
Methods
A total of 150 elderly pre-frail patients aged over 65 years scheduled for selective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Pre-frailty was defined as a 5-Item Modified Frailty Index (mFI-5) score of 1–2. Patients in the light anesthesia (LA) group were maintained a CSI value between 50–59, while patients in the deep anesthesia (DA) group were maintained a CSI value between 40–49. The incidence of delirium within three days postoperatively, as well as visual analog scale (VAS) scores, postoperative nausea, vomiting, and the 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) scale scores on the first postoperative day were recorded and compared.
Results
The incidence of postoperative delirium was approximately 14% lower in the light anesthesia group compared to the deep anesthesia group (P < 0.05). The QoR-15 scale scores on the first postoperative day were significantly higher in the light anesthesia group than in the deep anesthesia group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the VAS scores over the three days following surgery were significantly higher in the deep anesthesia group than in the light anesthesia group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The elderly pre-frail patients under light anesthesia (with high CSI score) may have lower incidence of postoperative delirium and better outcome.
Trial registration:
ChiCTR2400083016, Date of registration: 15/04/2025.
Courtship and distress ultrasonic vocalizations are disrupted in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Guoynes Caleigh D. , Pavalko Grace , Sidorov Michael S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a single-gene neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternal copy of the UBE3A gene. Nearly all individuals with AS lack speech, resulting in major impacts on daily life for patients and caregivers. To evaluate new therapies for AS, it is crucial to have a mouse model that characterizes meaningful clinical features. Vocalizations are used in many contexts in mice, including pup retrieval, social interactions, courtship, and distress. Previous work in the Ube3am−/p+ mouse model of AS found abnormalities in the number of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) mice produced during pup isolation and same-sex social interactions. Here, we evaluated Ube3am−/p+ vocalizations during courtship and distress. Quantifying USVs in these contexts enables comparison of USVs in social (courtship) and non-social (distress) settings. In addition, we assessed the utility of incorporating USV testing into existing Ube3am−/p+ mouse behavioral assessments used to evaluate potential AS treatments.
Methods
We used a three-chamber social preference test for courtship vocalizations and a tail suspension test for distress vocalizations in adult wild-type (WT) and Ube3am−/p+ littermates, and quantified USV properties using the program DeepSqueak. Next, mice performed an established Ube3am−/p+ behavioral battery that included rotarod, open field, marble burying, and nest building. We used principal component analysis to evaluate the value of USV testing in the context of other behaviors.
Results
In both social courtship and nonsocial distress behavioral paradigms, Ube3am−/p+ mice made fewer USVs compared to WT mice. Spectral properties of USVs were abnormal in Ube3am−/p+ mice on the courtship test but mostly typical on the distress test. Including USVs in the Ube3am−/p+ mouse behavior battery increased the distance between Ube3am−/p+ and WT clusters in principal component space.
Conclusions
Ube3a m−/p+ mice have difficulty producing USVs in social and nonsocial contexts. Spectral properties of USVs are most impacted in the social courtship context. Adding USVs to the Ube3am−/p+ behavior battery may improve sensitivity to detect group differences and changes in communication.
Unlocking Scholarly Article Insights: Creating a Scholarly Article Content Extraction Tool –Objectives, Methodology, and a Comparative Analysis of Summary Results
Authors: Ma Wei , Spagna Michael E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We developed an intuitive prototype scholarly article content extraction tool to help individuals and students extract key content from scholarly articles. Although scholarly articles typically include an abstract, they often lack depth. Existing summarization tools are not always user-friendly and often require setup and learning processes. Most existing tools are designed for the information industry to extract metadata and key content efficiently. This paper introduces our innovative Scholarly Article Content Extraction Tool (SACET), which extracts content from a single scholarly article and instantly returns an accurate natural language summary. SACET is accessible anytime/anywhere without setup or extensive learning. We compare SACET's summaries with those from ChatGPT, highlighting the differences, value, and uniqueness of our innovation. Publishing our innovation is crucial due to its potential to advance content extraction applications. This article discusses the objectives, architecture, content extraction methodology, underlying algorithms, operational workflow, and additional work needed to improve the tool.
Machine Learning Methods to Analyze the Relationship Between Dietary Trace Elements and Kidney Stones: from NHANES 2007-2020
Authors: Xiao Yuhua , Zhang Yali , Shi Zhouying , Xiao Yulan , Yuan Yue , Li Ping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The early detection of kidney stones usually improves treatment outcomes. This cross-sectional survey involved 33,267 adult participants. The aim was to investigate the relationship between dietary elements (P, Mg, Cu, K, Ca, Zn) and kidney stones. Studies have shown that an increase in trace minerals in the diet is linked to a decrease in the frequency of kidney stones. Specific saturation effects for dietary elements and kidney stones were determined using smoothed curve fitting and found to have an effect inflection point of 1.765 for P, 0.320 for Mg, 1.848 for Cu, 4.641 for K,1.567 for Ca, and 3.370 for Zn. Subgroup analyses showed that the majority of the dietary trace metal element intake remained consistent with the correlation with kidney stone risk. The key dietary elements identified using Boruta and LASSO regression were Cu, Mg, P, and Ca. Among them, the element Mg had a significant effect on the column-line model, and the ROC of the established nomogram model was 0.718 for the training set and 0.702 for the validation set, which showed the intake of adequate amounts of dietary elements or supplements can help prevent kidney stones.
Road mortality contributes to the evolution of an urban-rural cline in squirrel coat color
Authors: Parlin Adam F. , Cosentino Bradley J. , Lehtinen Richard M. , McDonald John E. , Sinclair Emma C. C. , Gibbs James P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Cities impose unique selection pressures on wildlife and generate clines in phenotypic traits along urban-rural gradients. Roads, as a ubiquitous feature of human dominated landscapes, are a significant source of direct mortality for wildlife, but their role as a selective force in producing phenotypic trait variation along urban-rural clines is not known. This study tested the hypothesis that roads influence natural selection of coat color in the eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), a species for which vehicular collisions is a significant source of mortality. This species has two distinct coat colors: a gray morph that is common in all areas, and a melanic morph more prevalent in urban areas than in rural ones. We conducted standardized road cruise surveys to compare the proportion of each color morph among road-killed and living squirrels along an urbanization gradient in Syracuse, New York, USA. We also examined the prevalence of each color morph on and off road surfaces in a range-wide compilation of > 100,000 photographs of S. carolinensis. The prevalence of melanism among living squirrels in Syracuse was negatively related to distance from the city center, whereas there was no urban-rural cline in melanism among road-killed squirrels. The melanic morph was underrepresented among road-killed squirrels by up to 30% along the urbanization gradient. We also found the melanic morph was underrepresented among road-killed squirrels in the image database. Our study highlights vehicular collisions as an important cause of natural selection on phenotypic traits that can contribute to the maintenance of urban-rural clines.
Digitalisierung im Curriculum kompetenzorientiert umsetzen
Authors: Remke Sara , Schiffhauer Birte 
Published: February 2025

Der Beitrag erläutert, wie Digitalisierung im Curriculum Soziale Arbeit auf Bachelorniveau kompetenzorientiert mitgedacht werden kann, indem Digitalisierung als Thema der Sozialen Arbeit für diese Niveaustufe an den Qualifikationsrahmen Soziale Arbeit (DQR SozArb) angeknüpft wird. Hierfür fließen Ergebnisse aus Lehrevaluationen von Seminaren rund um das Thema Digitalisierung an der Katholischen Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen (katho) aus den vergangenen vier Jahren (2020–2024) ein sowie die Auseinandersetzung mit dem DQR SozArb (FBTS 2016), die im Rahmen eines Vernetzungstreffens Lehrenden mit dem Schwerpunkt «Digitalisierung und Soziale Arbeit» als Impuls vorgestellt wurden. Der Fachbereichstag Soziale Arbeit selbst plant eine Aktualisierung des DQR SozArb. So versteht sich dieser Beitrag auch als eine offene Diskussionsgrundlage für den Themenkomplex Digitalisierung in diesem Kontext. Der Beitrag stellt somit keine inhaltliche Diskussion oder Positionierung zu Begriffen und Konzepten von Digitalisierung, Digitalität etc. dar, sondern versucht, auf hochschulstruktureller Ebene Impulse zu geben.
Quantitative Befragung von Fachkräften der Schulsozialarbeit zum Umgang mit Sozialen Medien in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Jahn Josephine 
Published: February 2025

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Empfehlungen für professionelles Handeln und individuelle Professionalisierung von Fachkräften der Schulsozialarbeit im Hinblick auf den Umgang mit Sozialen Medien formuliert. Die Empfehlungen gründen einerseits auf bestehenden Theorien zum Gegenstand. In dem hierfür erforderlichen theoretischen Teil der Arbeit werden Theorien zu Professionalität, professionellem Handeln, Professionalisierung, Schulsozialarbeit, Mediatisierung sowie Sozialen Medien in der Schulsozialarbeit dargelegt. Andererseits werden die Empfehlungen aus dem empirischen Teil dieser Arbeit abgeleitet, der eine quantitative Befragung der Schulsozialarbeiter:innen in Baden-Württemberg darstellt. Hier werden in die Berechnung deskriptiver Statistiken, Korrelationen sowie logistischer Regressionen N = 1522 Fälle einbezogen, um fünf Fragestellungen zu beantworten.Demnach erfolgt die Ableitung der Empfehlungen erstens durch eine theoretische Betrachtung des Themas und ist zweitens durch eine quantitative Befragung der Fachkräfte empirisch fundiert. Es werden Empfehlungen auf Ebene der konkreten beruflichen Handlungssituation, der Institutionen, der Berufsorganisation sowie der politischen und öffentlichen Handlungsebene benannt.
Аналіз морфофункціональних змін сітківки після вітректомії у пацієнтів з регматогенним відшаруванням
Authors: Іванченко А.Ю. , Bezkorovayna I.M. 
Published: February 2025

Актуальність. Отримання максимально високих функціональних даних після лікування регматогенного відшарування сітківки (РВС) є важливою темою протягом останніх кількох десятиліть. Розширення знань стосовно морфологічних змін макулярної ділянки та хоріоретинального кровотоку може сприяти вирішенню низки питань стосовно цієї проблеми. Мета. Вивчити взаємозв’язок гостроти зору (ГЗ) зі змінами мікрокровотоку макулярної ділянки сітківки після вітректомії з приводу регматогенного відшарування сітківки. Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 35 пацієнтів із первинним РВС. Усім було проведено задню субтотальну вітректомію з ендовітреальною тампонадою силіконовою олією та виведенням через 1 місяць. Аналіз змін макулярної ділянки виконували на оптичному когерентному томографі. Внутрішньоочний кровотік досліджували за допомогою оптичної когерентної томографії з функцією ангіографії. Результати. Отримані дані продемонстрували залежність рівня ГЗ від стану мікроструктури і хоріоретинального кровотоку макулярної ділянки на завершальному етапі силіконової тампонади при ендовітреальній хірургії РВС. Висновки. Основною причиною низької ГЗ є структурні зміни нейроепітелію в макулі, дезорганізація лінії еліпсоїдної зони, дефекти зовнішньої межової мембрани та внутрішньої межової мембрани. Виявлено взаємозв’язок між ступенем зниження ГЗ, морфологічними змінами в макулі та тяжкістю порушення хоріоретинального кровотоку в макулі.
Клінічний випадок morning glory syndrome
Authors: Венгер Л.В. , Коновалова Н.В. , Іваницька О.В. , Храменко Н.І. , Гузун О.В. , Журавок Ю.О. 
Published: February 2025

Актуальність. Рідкісна вроджена патологія, синдром в’юнка, або синдром ранкового сяйва (англ. morning glory syndrome), є лійкоподібною екскавацією заднього полюса очного яблука із залученням диска зорового нерва. Мета роботи: навести клінічний випадок рідкого захворювання та продемонструвати можливість лікування функціональних порушень у пацієнта з morning glory syndrome. Матеріали та методи. У наше дослідження ми включили випадок захворювання у чоловіка з монолатеральним синдромом morning glory. Проведено повне комплексне офтальмологічне обстеження. Результати. Аномалія morning glory являє собою вроджене лійкоподібне поглиблення перипапілярної сітківки та зорового нерва із залученням диска зорового нерва, яке пов’язане з аномаліями ока та головного мозку. Характерні зміни очного дна: збільшений, втягнутий диск зорового нерва з білою фіброгліальною тканиною в його центрі. Висновки. Morning glory syndrome — патологія, патогенез якої досі повністю не вивчений. Захворювання може діагностуватися і в зрілому віці, якщо пацієнти з різних причин не звертаються до офтальмолога.
Possibilities of deformation of soft tissues in different areas of the head during uniaxial stretching
Authors: Avetikov D.S. , Lokes K.P. , Ivanytska O.S. 
Published: February 2025

Background. With the rapid development of plastic and reconstructive surgery, scientific research on the improvement of surgical methods is practically not carried out in Ukraine, since they mean experiments, the creation of control groups and their comprehensive analysis. All modern methods of plastic reconstructive and aesthetic surgery are aimed at mobilization, i.e. at deformation (stretching and relaxation) of flaps of different thickness with their detachment from underlying tissues. At the same time, there were practically no studies on the substantiation of plastic surgery techniques, in which individual layers of soft tissues of the head are peeled off in a limited area or kept intact. Purpose: to determine the degree of deformation of soft tissues in different areas of the head depending on its shape, patient’s age, gender and time of deformation and to establish areas with the same characteristics regarding their deformation. Materials and methods. We used a ZM-20 breaking machine to conduct biomechanical research at the first stage. One end was fixed in a fixed grip, the other — in a moving grip. Results. The soft tissues of the nasal area are characterized by the smallest plastic deformation. This should be remembered at the stage of surgical planning when eliminating pathological scars and cicatricial deformations in this area. The greater plastic deformation is observed in the parotid-masticatory area, the lower margin of the zygomatic area adjacent to the parotid-masticatory area and the medial margin of the orbital area. These regions are characterized by deposition of fatty tissue between the dermis and superficial fascia. At the same time, the latter loses its multi-layered structure and is a plate of connective tissue surrounding bundles of mimic muscle fibers. Conclusions. Significant differences in the degree of deformation of the soft tissues of the head were found depending on anthropometric data, age, gender, and time of deformation. The most variable are the absolute values of plastic deformation of the tissues of the buccal area, which depend on age and gender: in men 41–50 years old, Ε = 0.54 (0.79–0.32), with m = 0.068, in women 51–65 years old, Ε = 0.54 (0.68–0.31), with m = 0.069. The smallest dependence was recorded on the shape of the head in dolichocephalic men: Ε = 0.61 (0.79–0.38), with m = 0.077. The soft tissues of the nasal area in brachycephals are characterized by the smallest plastic deformation: Ε = 0.53 (0.72–0.32), with m = 0.062.
First results of OKOLO VISION program implementation for binocular vision restoration
Authors: Hrizhymalska K.Yu. , Veretelnyk S.P. 
Published: February 2025

Background. Strabismus represents a significant challenge in pediatric ophthalmology. Orthoptic therapy plays a crucial role in the management of children with this pathology. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, it should be supplemented with home-based binocular vision training. Computer-based applications are the most promising modality for home use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined approach to concomitant strabismus in children aged 4–12 years, integrating standard orthoptic treatment with regular home-based training utilizing the OKOLO VISION software. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of outpatient medical records was conducted for 12 patients with concomitant strabismus. The intervention group (n = 6) received supplementary home exercises using the OKOLO VISION program, while the control group (n = 6) underwent standard orthoptic therapy alone. Results. Binocular vision was achieved in 33.3 % of intervention group patients compared to 16.7 % in the control group. Enhancement of binocular functions was observed in 33.3 % of intervention group patients versus 16.7 % of controls. The combined thera­peutic approach demonstrated superior efficacy in improving binocular function compared to standard treatment protocols. Conclusions. An integrated approach combining standard orthoptic therapy with regular home-based training using the OKOLO VISION program shows promising efficacy in the management of concomitant strabismus in pediatric patients. However, study limitations, including small sample size and short follow-up, necessitate further investigation to validate program efficacy and establish optimal implementation protocols.
Assessment of orofacial motor functions in TMD patients over the course of treatment with a modified occlusal splint
Authors: Ponomarenko Yu.V. , Garlyauskayte I.Yu. , Bezkorovaina L.P. 
Published: February 2025

Background. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) significantly affect patients’ quality of life due to impaired orofacial motor functions, including chewing, swallowing, speech, and facial expressions. The assessment of treatment dynamics should rely on quantitative, objective data, such as surface electromyography (EMG), which allows the evaluation of muscle activity and coordination during various functional tasks. Objective: to study orofacial motor functions in patients with TMD through the quantitative analysis of interference EMG signals in the masticatory and temporal muscles, to calculate relevant indices, and to describe changes in muscle activity during chewing before and after treatment with a modified occlusal splint. Materials and methods. From 325 examined individuals, 85 patients (63 females (74 %) and 22 males (26 %), mean age 36.2 ± 10.8 years) with TMD were selected for analysis by randomization. All patients were divided into three groups based on the DC/TMD classification. Symptoms of physical pain and TMD were evalua­ted through questionnaires. The functional state of the muscles was assessed using electromyography. Statistical evaluation of the results was conducted with ANOVA and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Results. Before treatment, orofacial motor control in TMD patients was impaired: in group II (myalgias), the Functional Activity Index (FI ATTIV) was –13.9 ± 4.8 %; in group III (combined pathologies), –6.8 ± 3.5 %, whereas in group I (disk disorders), partial preservation of masticatory muscle activity was observed (8.3 ± 5.9 %). Muscle overload on the balancing side was observed before treatment: As dextra in group I was 139.0 ± 30.7 %, in group II, 102.7 ± 15.9 %, in group III, 127.6 ± 22.9 %; As sinistra in group I was 122.8 ± 19.7 %, in group II, 124.3 ± 20.9 %, in group III, 130.5 ± 19.6 %. Post-treatment, FI ATTIV showed signifi­cant improvements: in group I, 7.0 ± 3.1 % (p > 0.05), in group II, 6.3 ± 2.4 % (p = 0.027), and in group III, 5.7 ± 3.4 % (p = 0.046). The asymmetry index (As, %) also demonstrated notable improvements: As dextra in group II reached 152.4 ± 31.2 % (p = 0.019) and in group III, 173.5 ± 37.4 % (p = 0.021); As sinistra in group II was 156.5 ± 33.8 % (p = 0.026) and in group III, 154.8 ± 21.5 % (p = 0.014). Conclusions. Quantitative EMG analysis showed that treatment with a modified occlusal splint effectively improves muscle balance, restores coordination between the working and balancing sides, and reduces pain in TMD patients.
The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning technology in the diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Tselishcheva M.O. , Petrenko O.V. , Vodianyk B.R. , Petrenko M.O. 
Published: February 2025

Background. According to the Beaver Dam Eye Study, the prevalence of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) reaches 1.6 % among patients aged 43 to 86 years. In this context, automating the diagnostic process through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning is a promising avenue. This study explores the potential of AI models for analyzing fundus images to detect drusen in AMD. The purpose was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using artificial intelligence, specifically the YOLOv10 model, to analyze fundus camera images for AMD diagnosis. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 200 fundus images from the publicly available RFMiD dataset. The YOLOv10 model was adapted to detect drusen and changes characteristic of AMD. Results. The YOLOv10 model demonstrated high accuracy and specificity in detecting drusen and degenerative changes, such as pigmentary abnormalities and geographic atrophy. The study provides statistical performance metrics of the model. Conclusions. The application of YOLOv10 in AMD diagnosis opens new possibilities for automation and improved diagnostic accuracy, representing a promising direction for implementation in ophthalmic practice.