bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the spatial associations among terrain parameters from digital elevation models
Authors: Zhong Yutao , Xiong Liyang , Zhou Yumeng , Tang Guoan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTerrain parameters describe the morphological characteristics of a surface and are an important part of the application of geoscience. At present, there is still a lack of scientific and systematic research on the associations among terrain parameters. In this article, 14 representative terrain parameters are selected to explore their spatial association relationships by using the quantification methods of linear correlation degree, distribution similarity and influence degree. Then, we discuss the effects of the digital elevation model (DEM) cell size and landform region on the associations among terrain parameters. Furthermore, the mechanism of the association relationships among terrain parameters is also analyzed to achieve a better understanding of terrain analysis. This study revealed that the similarity in calculation methods, the derivation of terrain parameters from other parameters, the geographic significance of representations, and the characteristics and appearances of landforms are significant factors contributing to the associations of terrain parameters. The terrain parameters with strong associations remained stable with changes in cell size and landform region. However, terrain parameters with weak associations significantly respond to this variety of factors. We quantify the associations among terrain parameters, provide a new perspective for examining the associations among terrain parameters, and provide guidance for the selection of terrain parameters in geoscience research.
Association offreeze‐driedplasma with24‐hmortality among trauma patients at risk for hemorrhage
Authors: Mould‐Millman Nee‐Kofi , Wogu Adane F. , Fosdick Bailey K. , Dixon Julia M. , Beaty Brenda L. , Bhaumik Smitha , Lategan Hendrick J. , Stassen Willem , Schauer Steven G. , Steyn Elmin , Verster Janette , Wylie Craig , de Vries Shaheem , Jamison Maria , Kohlbrenner Maria , Mayet Mohammed , Hodsdon Lesley , Wagner Leigh , Snyders L' Oreal , Doubell Karlien , Lourens Denise , Bebarta Vikhyat S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood products form the cornerstone of contemporary hemorrhage control but are limited resources. Freeze‐dried plasma (FDP), which contains coagulation factors, is a promising adjunct in hemostatic resuscitation. We explore the association between FDP alone or in combination with other blood products on 24‐h mortality.Study Design and MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis from a cross‐sectional prospective observational multicenter study of adult trauma patients in the Western Cape of South Africa. We compare mortality among trauma patients at risk of hemorrhage in three treatment groups: Blood Products only, FDP + Blood Products, and FDP only. We apply inverse probability of treatment weighting and fit a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess the hazard of 24‐h mortality.ResultsFour hundred and forty‐eight patients were included, and 55 (12.2%) died within 24 h of hospital arrival. Compared to the Blood Products only group, we found no difference in 24‐h mortality for the FDP + Blood Product group (p = .40) and a lower hazard of death for the FDP only group (hazard = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–1.00;p = .05). However, sensitivity analyses showed no difference in 24‐h mortality across treatments in subgroups with moderate and severe shock, early blood product administration, and accounting for immortal time bias.ConclusionWe found insufficient evidence to conclude there is a difference in relative 24‐h mortality among trauma patients at risk for hemorrhage who received FDP alone, blood products alone, or blood products with FDP. There may be an adjunctive role for FDP in hemorrhagic shock resuscitation in settings with significantly restricted access to blood products.
Screenings from the archive: Nelisita (1982), an African vernacular‐language fiction set in rural southern Angola and its illuminating cinematic chain
Authors: Ponte Inês 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNelisita (Carvalho, 1982, Nelisita: narrativas nianeka), a pioneering African vernacular‐language fiction film from the early phase of Angolan cinema, inspired me to conduct a series of interconnected exercises in visual anthropology. I produced an experimental archive‐based remake (Ponte, 2016, 127 stills or 34 scenes from Nelisita) and screened it in both transnational urban contexts and an Angolan rural context reminiscent of the film's setting. This article discusses the multi‐sited chain of production and reception of this short archival remake and various localized contemporary responses to it. The article examines an evolving concern with the materiality of the archive and how both foreign urban and familiar rural audiences received the film's narrative and change of genre.
From the field to the screen: Reflexivity and collaboration in visual and multimodal contemporary practices
Authors: Cabezas‐Pino Angélica , Fumanti Mattia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis special section, titled “From the Field to the Screen: Reflexivity and collaboration in Visual and Multimodal Contemporary Practices,” presents a collection of papers that explore the challenges, opportunities, and ethical considerations inherent in reflexive and collaborative practices within ethnographic visual and multimodal research. Drawing from diverse methodologies and approaches, the papers delve into topics such as autobiographical storytelling, virtual reality, sensory experiences, and archival‐based filmmaking. Through critical reflections and case studies, the section aims to provoke dialogue and reflection on the complex intersections of reflexivity and collaboration in visual anthropology. It addresses the challenges and pitfalls of producing visual and multimodal ethnographic data beyond film through a multilayered analysis that conveys ethical, aesthetic, and methodological implications. Each paper invites readers to engage with innovative methods and perspectives that complicate research processes—from design to dissemination—contributing to contemporary debates in visual and multimodal anthropology with implications for audiences beyond the discipline.
Nutritional cataracts in a wolf litter treated by phacoemulsification
Authors: Cabrero Maria , Guyonnet Alexandre , Risi Emmanuel , Bourguet Aurelie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical findings in a wolf litter with nutritional cataracts and determine the treatment outcomes after phacoemulsification.ProcedureBilateral nutritional cataracts were diagnosed in four hand‐fed 10‐week‐old wolves (Canis lupus). The information collected included signalment, physical and ophthalmic examination findings, ocular ultrasonography and electroretinography results, and postoperative outcomes.ResultsAll four wolves were rejected from the dam and hand raised with a commercial artificial milk replacer from 5 days of age until weaning at 6 weeks of age. At initial presentation, bilateral cataracts were observed in all patients (8/8 eyes), with vision deficits in three of the four wolves. The main ophthalmic anomalies were mature cataracts with lens‐induced uveitis (3/8 eyes, two wolves), immature cataracts (1/8 eyes, one wolf), and perinuclear and posterior cortical/subcapsular lens opacities (4/8 eyes, three wolves). Three of the four wolves (six eyes) underwent bilateral one‐handed phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. At the last examination 2 months following surgery, all operated eyes (6/6) were visual, Elschnig pearl proliferation was present in 2/6 eyes, and mild posterior capsular opacification was observed in 6/6 eyes. In the nonoperated wolf, the cataracts remained stable and did not affect the visual axis of either eye.ConclusionsThis is the first description of phacoemulsification surgery in wolves. Phacoemulsification is a viable treatment option for captive wolves with nutritional cataracts. Special attention should be paid to hand‐raised cubs to ensure that adequate amino acid levels are present in artificial milk.
Differences in patient‐reported and clinical characteristics by age group in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cha EunSeok , Son Nak‐Hoon , Joung Kyong Hye , Shin Yun‐A , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Hyukjin , Faulkner Melissa Spezia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing, and the age of onset is widening, resulting in increasing numbers of young adults and elderly patients with T2D. Age‐specific diabetes care needs have yet to be fully explored.AimsThis study examined (1) differences in patient‐reported and clinical characteristics by age group and (2) the effect of age on two proxy measures assessing psychological health and self‐care adherence after adjusting for potential mediators.MethodsA cross‐sectional, correlational design was used. Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited from a university hospital in Korea between 2019 and 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on years of age (40s and younger group [n = 27]; 50s group [n = 47]; 60s group [n = 54]; and 70s and older group [n = 48]) to compare patient‐reported and clinical characteristics. Chi‐square tests, ANOVA, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess group differences and effect of age on psychological health and self‐care adherence.ResultsOf 178 participants, two‐thirds were men (n = 114; 64.41%). The mean ages in the 40s and younger, 50s, 60s, and 70s and older groups were 39.4, 54.7, 63.9, and 76.0 years, respectively. There were significant differences in patient‐reported and clinical characteristics by age group. The youngest group reported the poorest psychological health and self‐care behaviors. Although the oldest group showed the poorest physical functioning, this group also showed the highest self‐care adherence and the best psychological health. Regarding clinical characteristics, traditional diabetes‐related blood test results showed no significant group differences.Linking Evidence to ActionAge‐specific diabetes care needs were identified in adults with T2D. Interventions to improve psychological health and priming effects of behavioral adherence need to be developed. Furthermore, meticulous investigation to detect potential complications early is essential in adults with T2D.
Analysis and Optimization of a Biomass Heated Two-Stage Desiccant Cooling System Used for Greenhouse Cultivation in Hot and Humid Climates
Authors: Mandal Chandan , Ganguly Aritra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization of a biomass heating-based two-stage desiccant-supported greenhouse cooling system used for Orchids cultivation in hot and humid weather conditions. The simulation model has been developed considering thermodynamics, economic, and environmental aspects. The thermal coefficient of performance (COPth) of the system and greenhouse temperature have been predicted for the five most impactful months (March, May, August, September, and December) corresponding to the respective seasons of spring, summer, monsoon, autumn, and winter of a calendar year. The system maintains the peak average greenhouse temperature at a maximum of 26 °C during the prominent sunshine period (12 h) in May while ensuring a minimum of 18 °C during nighttime. In terms of system components, the residue boiler stands out as the significant contributor to exergy destruction (45%), followed by regeneration heater 1 (22%), desiccant wheel 1 (7%), and the heat recovery water heater (6%) during the critical operational month of August. Multi-objective optimization has also been conducted using the optimization toolbox provided in matlab-R2017a to determine the optimal performance and operating conditions of the two-stage desiccant cooling system. The optimal conditions display the corresponding total cost rate, considering capital and maintenance costs, operating costs, CO2 penalty costs, and exergetic efficiency.
Wall Heat Transfer Characteristic of Parallel-Plate Channel Filled With Open-Cell Metal Foams in Large Flow Velocity Range
Authors: Wenping Peng , Qingguo Cheng , Qiulin Wang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
High-porosity open-cell metal foams can be utilized to fill parallel-plate channels for achieving efficient cooling performance. A wall heat transfer model considering viscous and inertial heat effects is given based on local thermal nonequilibrium theory. Detailed investigations are conducted on influences of parameters on cooling performance. The results indicate that an optimum velocity exists; impacts of porosity and pore size depend on thermophysical properties of fluids and flow velocity; heat transfer resistance also varies with them; increasing foam thickness enhances cooling performance for air under identical velocities but has negligible effect for water; under identical flow rates, decreasing foam thickness improves cooling performance; enlarging base surface area is an effective approach at low flow velocities.
Characterization of Serrated Chip Formation Based on In Situ Imaging Analysis in Orthogonal Cutting
Authors: Yang Minghui , Tang Yufei , Wu Chaoqun , Cao Shiyu , Huang Wenjian , Zhang Xuyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The in situ imaging of the cutting process exhibits outstanding advantages in reconstructing the precise and visual thermoplastic deformation fields. The physical and geometric characteristics of deformation fields provide a deeper understanding of the cutting processes. In this paper, a mechanism-image hybrid analysis method is proposed to acquire the characteristics of the serrated chip deformation in the orthogonal cutting of TA15 titanium alloy based on in situ imaging. The established hybrid analysis method combines the shear-plane theory with the streamline method and image segmentation method, which realizes the identification of pixel coordinates of the main shear plane (MSP) and the primary shear zone (PSZ) and then the extraction of the physical and geometric variables from the digital image correlation (DIC) full-field measurements. Consequently, the variations of equivalent strain rate, strain, temperature, and the geometric characterizations of MSP and PSZ during an individual serration formation of TA15 titanium alloy were quantitatively investigated. It was found that the physical and geometric variables reached stability in the final stage of serration evolution and were averaged as the DIC-based equivalent characterizations to analyze the impact of cutting depth and tool rake angle. Meanwhile, the DIC-based equivalent characterizations were compared with the results obtained by the classical analytical models to illustrate the advantages of the DIC-based analysis. The findings also support that the established hybrid analysis method holds the potential to characterize the serrated chip formation of other materials and improve the models of PSZ.
Persistence of human respiratory viral RNA in wastewater-settled solids
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Roldan-Hernandez Laura , Boehm Alexandria 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring respiratory viral diseases within communities by analyzing concentrations of viral nucleic-acids in wastewater. However, little is known about the fate of respiratory virus nucleic-acids in wastewater. Two important fate processes that may modulate their concentrations in wastewater as they move from household drains to the point of collection include sorption or partitioning to wastewater solids and degradation. This study investigated the decay kinetics of genomic nucleic-acids of seven human respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, human rhinovirus (HRV), and influenza A virus (IAV), as well as pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in wastewater solids. Viruses (except for PMMoV) were spiked into wastewater solids and their concentrations were followed for 50 days at three different temperatures (4°C, 22°C, and 37°C). Viral genomic RNA decayed following first-order kinetics with decay rate constants
k
from 0 to 0.219 per day. Decay rate constants
k
were not different from 0 for all targets in solids incubated at 4°C;
k
values were largest at 37°C and at this temperature,
k
values were similar across nucleic-acid targets. Regardless of temperature, there was limited viral RNA decay, with an estimated 0% to 20% reduction, over the typical residence times of sewage in the piped systems between input and collection point (<1 day). The
k
values reported herein can be used directly in fate and transport models to inform the interpretation of measurements made during wastewater surveillance.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding whether or not the RNA targets quantified for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) efforts decay during transport between drains and the point of sample collection is critical for data interpretation. Here we show limited decay of viral RNA targets typically measured for respiratory disease WBE.
Structural insights into the Clp protein degradation machinery
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Wang Yanhui , Huang Wei , Li Danyang , Deng Zixin , Long Feng 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The Clp protease system is important for maintaining proteostasis in bacteria. It consists of ClpP serine proteases and an AAA+ Clp-ATPase such as ClpC1. The hexameric ATPase ClpC1 utilizes the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to engage, unfold, and translocate substrates into the proteolytic chamber of homo- or hetero-tetradecameric ClpP for degradation. The assembly between the hetero-tetradecameric ClpP1P2 chamber and the Clp-ATPases containing tandem ATPase domains from the same species has not been studied in depth. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the substrate-bound ClpC1:shClpP1P2 from
Streptomyces hawaiiensis
, and shClpP1P2 in complex with ADEP1, a natural compound produced by
S. hawaiiensis
and known to cause over-activation and dysregulation of the ClpP proteolytic core chamber. Our structures provide detailed information on the shClpP1-shClpP2, shClpP2-ClpC1, and ADEP1-shClpP1/P2 interactions, reveal conformational transition of ClpC1 during the substrate translocation, and capture a rotational ATP hydrolysis mechanism likely dominated by the D1 ATPase activity of chaperones.

IMPORTANCE

The Clp-dependent proteolysis plays an important role in bacterial homeostasis and pathogenesis. The ClpP protease system is an effective drug target for antibacterial therapy.
Streptomyces hawaiiensis
can produce a class of potent acyldepsipeptide antibiotics such as ADEP1, which could affect the ClpP protease activity. Although
S. hawaiiensis
hosts one of the most intricate ClpP systems in nature, very little was known about its Clp protease mechanism and the impact of ADEP molecules on ClpP. The significance of our research is in dissecting the functional mechanism of the assembled Clp degradation machinery, as well as the interaction between ADEP1 and the ClpP proteolytic chamber, by solving high-resolution structures of the substrate-bound Clp system in
S. hawaiiensis
. The findings shed light on our understanding of the Clp-dependent proteolysis in bacteria, which will enhance the development of antimicrobial drugs targeting the Clp protease system, and help fighting against bacterial multidrug resistance.
Structural insight into
Escherichia coli
CsgA amyloid fibril assembly
Authors: Bu Fan , Dee Derek R. , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The discovery of functional amyloids in bacteria dates back several decades, and our understanding of the
Escherichia coli
curli biogenesis system has gradually expanded over time. However, due to its high aggregation propensity and intrinsically disordered nature, CsgA, the main structural component of curli fibrils, has eluded comprehensive structural characterization. Recent advancements in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) offer a promising tool to achieve high-resolution structural insights into
E. coli
CsgA fibrils. In this study, we outline an approach to addressing the colloidal instability challenges associated with CsgA, achieved through engineering and electrostatic repulsion. Then, we present the cryo-EM structure of CsgA fibrils at 3.62 Å resolution. This structure provides new insights into the cross-β structure of
E. coli
CsgA. Additionally, our study identifies two distinct spatial arrangements within several CsgA fibrils, a 2-CsgA-fibril pair and a 3-CsgA-fibril bundle, shedding light on the intricate hierarchy of the biofilm extracellular matrix and laying the foundation for precise manipulation of CsgA-derived biomaterials.

IMPORTANCE

The visualization of the architecture of
Escherichia coli
CsgA amyloid fibril has been a longstanding research question, for which a high-resolution structure is still unavailable. CsgA serves as a major subunit of curli, the primary component of the extracellular matrix generated by bacteria. The support provided by this extracellular matrix enables bacterial biofilms to resist antibiotic treatment, significantly impacting human health. CsgA has been identified in members of
Enterobacteriaceae
, with pathogenic
E. coli
being the most well-known model system. Our novel insights into the structure of
E. coli
CsgA protofilaments form the basis for drug design targeting diseases associated with biofilms. Additionally, CsgA is widely researched in biomaterials due to its self-assembly characteristics. The resolved spatial arrangements of CsgA amyloids revealed in our study will further enhance the precision design of functional biomaterials. Therefore, our study uniquely contributes to the understanding of CsgA amyloids for both microbiology and material science.