bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crystal Structure of Bromodinitro-triammine-cobalt(III)
Authors: Komiyama Yoshimichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of bromodinitro-triammine-cobalt(III) [Co(NH3)3(NO2)2Br] is monoclinic, with four formula units in a cell of dimensions; a=12.06Å, b=10.30Å, c=685Å and β=105.6°. The space group is C2h5−P21⁄n. The determination of atomic parameters was made by Fourier methods. The configuration of the complex molecule is described. One nitro-group is found to be in trans-position with respect to bromine atom and in cis-position to the other nitro-group.
The absorption spectrum of this complex was re-examined in aqueous solution.
Structural Variations of Kaolin Minerals
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The degree of crystallinity of kaolin minerals must be defined in relation to the degree of crystallinity in the internal randomness of the kaolin unit layer and that of the stacking randomness of kaolin unit layers. The X-ray diffraction data seem to reflect both internal and stacking variations.
(2) The relative degrees of crystallinity determined by the X-ray data and thermal data are consistent with each other in the series from kaolinite to fireclay. This holds also in the halloysite series. There is a continuous variation in the series from kaolinite to fireclay and also in the halloysite series. The X-ray data indicate that some of halloysites have a low degree of crystallinity, but the thermal data show a high degree of crystallinity. This means that in most cases the displacement in the series from kaolinite to fireclay is a one-dimensional displacement with respect to the b-axis, while the displacement in halloysite is a rotational displacement, that is, a two-dimensional displacement.
(3) The values of the base exchange capacity of kaolinite, fireclay and halloysite are correlated to the internal disorderliness of kaolin structure.
(4) The values of density of kaolin mineral samples nearly correspond to the degrees of the crystallinity with the exception of Kibushi-clay.
(5) The variety of shapes of kaolin minerals are determined in the relation of the two elements of the internal variation and the stacking variation.
Studies on the Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Only One Chelate Ring. II. Syntheses and Properties of Monoethylenediamine-tetrammine-cobalt(III) Complexes, [Co en (NH3)4]X3
Authors: Shimura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new cobalt(III) luteo ion, [Co en (NH3)4]3+, has been prepared by the hydrolytic oxidation of [Co en (NH3)2 (NCS)2]+. The sulfate and the bromide of the new complex ion have been isolated. Several attempts to resolve the ion were unsuccessful.
The visible and the ultraviolet absorption spectra of all the members of the cobalt(III) ammine-ethylenediamine series have been measured and discussed.
Bond Localization and the Hyperconjugative Effect in the Aromatic Carbonium Ions. I. Absorption Spectra of Benzenium-,Toluenium-, and Mesitylenium- Ions
Authors: Morita Toshifumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The semi-empirical LCAO MO treatment on the spectra of benzenium, toluenium, and mesitylenium ions have been carried out. Neither the localization nor the hyperconjugation of the H2–C bond with respect to the aromatic ring can explain the blueshifts of the experimental spectra by Reid with the increasing number of methyl substituents. If, however, benzenium and toluenium ions are assumed to be less hyperconjugated than mesitylenium ion, the spectroscopic behaviors of these aromatic carbonium ions are understandable. However, if the mesitylenium band is assumed to shift towards red compared with toluenium by the analogy of the case of protonated hexamethylbenzene and mesitylenium ion, whose absorption spectra have been measured by Kilpatrick and Hyman, our theoretical calculations will predict well the case of mesitylenium and toluenium ion in terms of both the bond localization and the hyperconjugation models. Unfortunately, however, the measurement on toluene in acid medium have not yet been made. Further the case of benzenium ion is yet open to question. Consequently we reserve making any distinct conclusions on these three aromatic carbonium ions.
A Method for the Fractionation of Oligopeptides Based on their Molecular Sizes
Authors: Narita Kozo , Fujiwara Sadao , Murasawa Shimako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method to fractionate peptides based on their hydrated molecular sizes by the molecular sieve effect of sulfonic-acid type ion exchange resins, Dowex 50, is described. The behavior of some amino acids, peptides and partial protein hydrolysates towards molecular sieve is also studied. Various factors which control the fractionation of solutes by molecular sieve are discussed.
The Dipole Moments and Molecular Structures of Croconic Acid and Dimethyl Croconate
Authors: Washino Masamitsu , Yamada Kiyoyuki , Kurita Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of croconic acid and dimethyl croconate were measured in dioxane and benzene solutions, respectively, as 9∼10 D and 5.7∼6.0 D. The moments of these molecules were calculated theoretically for several conceivable configurations by the method of molecular orbitals. The results confirm the structure presumed from evidences in organic syntheses. The accumulation of π-electrons on carbonyl oxygen is chiefly responsible for the large dipole moments, the effect being stronger in the acid. The hydroxyl groups of croconic acid lie in the ring plane, whereas the methoxyl groups are out of the ring plane to minimize the steric hindrance.
Magnetochemical Study of Cyanuric Acid, Melamine, and Some Derivatives
Authors: Matsunaga Yoshio , Morita Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of melamine, cyanuric acid, and eight of their derivatives were measured by the Gouy method. On the basis of the molar susceptibilities of the four compounds which have no tautomeric form, the constant for triazine was estimated at −36.5. It appeared that Gray and Cruickshank’s method gives too small an estimate for the isotropic part of the molar susceptibility in all cases and resonance with the zwitter-ionic structures brings about an increase of the isotropic diamagnetic contribution. With regard to cyanuric acid, the magnitude of the molar susceptibility seemed to be not inconsistent with the form containing a triazine ring. However, using Pascal’s second additivity rule we found that both the magnitude of the isotropic diamagnetism and that of the molar anisotropy favor the carbonyl form.
Investigation on Dissolving Pulp. XIV. Some Behavior of Wood Pulp and Cotton Linters in Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Koshizawa Tokumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The average DP of cellulose dissolved into phosphoric acid of various concentrations has been determined by viscometry. The relations of average DP of dissolved part to the concentration of phosphoric acid are not the same in the three samples–dissolving sulfite pulp, prehydrolyzed sulfate pulp and cotton linters. The fact may be ascribed to the factors such as lateral order other than the degree of polymerization. The rate of hydrolysis of cellulose in 70% phosphoric acid at 20°C was also determined as to both cases of dissolved part and insoluble residue. The rate of hydrolysis of the dissolved part is almost independent of the kind of cellulose, while that of the insoluble residue greatly depends on the degree of swelling in the solution.
The Action of Hydrogen Bromide and Oxygen on Various Ethenoid Compounds. III. The Steric Effects of the Bromo Free Radicals Produced from Various Ethenoid Compounds on the Reactivities with Oxygen
Authors: Takahasi Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The action of oxygen and bromine on β-methylcinnamic acid in benzene in the sunlight at room temperature caused an oxidative cleavage of the double bond, giving acetophenone and carbon dioxide, in addition to β-methylcinnamic acid dibromide. Similar experiments with cinnamic acid, atropic acid, p-methoxycinnamic acid, gave only dibromides either with or without introduction of oxygen.
Although a complete identification of the reaction products from the reaction of hydrogen bromide and oxygen on β-methylcinnamic acid was unsuccessful, it was found that a phenolic substance and a carbonyl compound were produced and that the formation of the phenol inhibited the progress of the reaction.
On the ground of these and other results which were described in the three preceding papers, the mechanism of the reactions of hydrogen bromide, bromine, and oxygen with ethenoid compounds is discussed.
Synthesis of Poly-(l-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycyl). An Attempted Synthesis of Model Collagen
Authors: Kitaoka Hidetoshi , Sakakibara Shumpei , Tani Hisaya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The two tripeptides, l-prolyl-l-leucylglycine (IV) and glycyl-l-prolyl-l-leucine (X), were synthesized, and IV was subjected to polymerization by the tetraethyl pyrophosphite, carbodiimide and p-nitrophenyl thioester methods, in which the most promising result was obtained by the pyrophosphite method. The highest molecular weight of the polypeptide which was obtained was about 6000 and the repetition of the original tripeptide unit in the polypeptide was confirmed by the end groups determination. The polycondensation reactions of both the tripeptides, IV and X, were compared in parallel runs by the tetraethyl pyrophosphite procedure, and the comparison showed that IV gave a better yield and a higher molecular weight product than X. X and poly-(l-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycyl), which was obtained from IV, contained firmly bound water in spite of the fact that IV contained no crystallization water.
Polarographic and Coulometric Studies of Tropolone
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Nozoe Tetsuo , Takamura Tsutomu , Kitahara Sadako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The current-voltage curves of tropolone were recorded at the dropping mercury electrode in buffer solutions of various pH’s containing no borate. One reduction wave was observed in the pH region of 2.2 to 4.0, two waves with nearly equal heights, in the pH region of 5 to 6 and one wave, in the solution of pH higher than 8. All waves except the second in the intermediate pH region were found to shift to negative potentials with the increase of pH of the solution by approximately 70 mV./pH. The number of electrons involved in the reduction was determined by the controlled potential coulometric method. One-electron reduction was confirmed for the first wave at lower pH’s, two-electron reduction for the two-step waves at the intermediate pH region and two-electron reduction for the wave at higher pH’s. The current-voltage curves which were recorded with the solution preliminarily subjected to the controlled potential electrolysis gave two new waves; one is anodic and the other, cathodic. The former decreased with time and the latter increased. This indicates that the reduction product of tropolone is unstable and changed gradually to the substance which gives the reduction wave. The diffusion coefficients of tropolone were calculated from the limiting current using the revised Ilkovic equation.
Studies on Polymerization and Depolymerization of ε-Caprolactam Polymer VI. On the Reaction Mechanism of the ε-Caprolactam Polymerization by Alkali Metal Compound
Authors: Yumoto Hirosuke , Ogata Naoya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The basic compound of alkali metal reacts with ε-caprolactam and gives at first N-alkali metal ε-caprolactam. It can cause the polymerization of ε-caprolactam. The boiling of the reaction phase is necessary for making the reaction proceed. The polymerization is especially rapid and reproducible in case of dispersing alkali metal compound colloidally in ε-caprolactam. It is supposed, therefore, that the solid surface of the catalyser is a very important factor in the polymerization.
The Crystal Structure of Bis( glutaronitrilo)copper(I) Nitrate
Authors: Kinoshita Yukio , Matsubara Ikuo , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of bis(glutaro-nitrilo)copper(I) nitrate has been determined by the two-dimensional Fourier method. It is tetragonal P\bar421c with two formula units in a cell of dimensions: a=8.25±0.01 Å and c=9.71±0.01 Å.
The crystal consists of infinite two-dimensional networks of complex ion [Cu(NC–CH2–CH2–CH2–CN)2]nn+ and nitrate ions. A copper atom is tetrahedrally surrounded by four nitrogen atoms at a distance of 1.98 Å. Each glutaronitrile molecule is coordinated to two different copper atoms with nitrogen atoms at both ends and takes a gauche-gauche configuration with respect to the two C–C bonds. The nitrate ions lie perpendicularly to the c-axis. The trigonal nitrate ions seem to have statistical azimuthal orientations in the crystal and the apparent symmetry of the nitrate ion is \bar4.
All the atoms in the group Cu–N–C–C lie approximately on a straight line. This fact and the observed carbon-nitrogen distance of 1.14 Å suggest that the bond character in the carbon-nitrogen group may essentially be expressed as C≡N.
Behavior of Surface Active Molecules at an Interface. II. Statistical Thermodynamics of Monolayers of Rod-Like Molecules
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of the two-dimensional analogy of the method of McMillan and Mayer, the van der Waals constant A0 for monolayers of rigid rod-like molecules is calculated theoretically for the cases in which all molecules are (1) vertical to the interface; (2) lying flat upon the interface; (3) inclined by a constant angle θ0; and (4) orienting freely.
The theoretical equations thus obtained are used to discuss the orientation of molecules in gaseous films of myristic acid, tridecylic acid and lauric acid. As the results, it is concluded that the molecules of myristic acid and tridecylic acid are lying flat upon the interface in the gaseous film until the phase transition to a condensed film occurs. On the other hand, molecules of lauric acid are freely orienting when the area per one molecule is large, and the orientation becomes the more vertical, the more the monolayer is compresssed. The molecular orientations during this compression process were described quantitatively.
Vapor Pressures of Molecular Crystals. XIV. Sulfamide and Diacetylhydrazine
Authors: Takagi Sadao , Shintani Ryuichi , Chihara Hideaki , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The vapor pressures of crystalline sulfamide and diacetylhydrazine were measured between 347°K and 358°K and between 342° K and 353° K, with the results, logP=11.047−(5300⁄T) and logP=12.195−(5384⁄T), respectively. The heats of sublimation were found to be 24.25±0.24 kcal./mole and 24.63±0.39 kcal./mole, respectively. The hydrogen bond (NH···O) energies were evaluated by subtracting from the observed heat of sublimation the contribution of the dispersion energy (by Slater-Kirkwood formula) and the contribution of the electrostatic interaction energy. The latter contribution was obtained by adopting the point dipole model with the dipole moment 3.9 D (for sulfamide) and by adopting the point charge model with the charges ±2.002 e.s.u. at C and O atoms diacetylhydrazine). The NH···O energies were 4.7 kcal. and 3.0 kcaL., respectively. The electrostatic interaction in diacetylhydrazine is repulsive. Critical discussions are given on the significance of the hydrogen bond energy values obtained by various methods. The inter-relation between the lattice forces and the packing of molecules in the crystals is discussed on the basis of the calculation of separated contributions to the lattice energy and it is shown that the principal forces, acting between diacetylhydrazine molecules are the dispersion forces and the antiparallel arrangement of C = O dipoles in crystal is only a deceptive appearance. It is suggested that the nearest approaches in the linear systems OH···O and FH···F are 2.76 Å and 2.55 Å, respectively, unless very strong conjugation with the molecular network occurs. The NH stretching modes of vibration in sulfamide absorb at 3338 and 3248 cm−1.
Kinetics of the Selenium Dioxide-Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Dimethylaniline in Aqueous Methanol
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Tabushi Iwao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The selenium dioxide-catalyzed oxidation of dimethylaniline with hydrogen peroxide was investigated kinetically at 40∼60° in 50∼95 volume % aqueous methanol. The rate of the consumption of hydrogen peroxide at constant acidity of the reaction mixture was expressed as
v=k[H2O2] [SeO2] [Dimethylaniline]+k′[H2O2] [SeO2]
The first term of this equation seems to correspond to the rate of a reaction between dimethylaniline and a complex (I) produced rapidly from selenium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, while the second term corresponds mainly to a slow reaction between selenium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide to yield the complex (II) followed by a rapid reaction with dimethylaniline. The energy of activation was 11.7 kcal.
When perchloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, the pseudo-first-order rate constant with respect to hydrogen peroxide first increased and then decreased via a maximum, which was explicable by the assumptions of the dissociation of the intermediate and the protonation of dimethylaniline. Electron-releasing groups tended to increase the rate. An increase of the water content in the solvent methanol decreased the rate. There was no evidence for the radical mechanism under these experimental conditions.
Polarographic Studies of Metallic Complexes. III. Pentammine Series of Cobalt (III) Complexes
Authors: Maki Nobufumi , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Most of the cobalt(III) complex ions of pentammine series, [Co(NH3)5X](3−n)+, are reduced irreversibly in two steps at the dropping mercury electrode. The first diffusion current corresponds to the reduction, cobalt(III) → cobalt(II) and the second to the reduction, cobalt(II) → cobalt(0). The diffusion current and concentration were linearly related.
2. The polarographic stability of cobalt (III) complexes of the pentammine series increases in the following order of the ligands;
I−, Br−, Cl−, CrO42−, NCS−&lt;NO3−
&lt;N3−&lt;SO42−&lt;NO2−&lt;C2O42−
&lt;CH3COO−&lt;NH3&lt;OH2&lt;OH−
&lt;CO32−, HCO3−
(Supporting electrolyte; 0.5 F potassium sulfate).
The reverse of the order was found between carbonate and water molecule when 0.1 F potassium chloride was used as a supporting electrolyte. This order did not agree with that of the spectrochemical series of the pentamminecobalt(III) complexes.
3. In dilute perchloric acid the welldefined wave was obtained for aquopentamminecobalt (III) ion, [Co(NH3)5OH2]3+, while the ion gave a modified wave in the first reduction step in neutral supporting electrolyte, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
Studies on the Cephalin of Escherichia Coli
Authors: Kurokawa Masaharu , Hotta Kyoko , Yoshimura Tomoko , Makita Mitsuo , Hara Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The lipids were extracted from the crude toxic substances, isolated from Escherichia coli by Hosoya’s method. These lipids which were 7.2% of the crude toxic substances by weight, were fractionated by solvents. One of these fractions, that was soluble in diethyl ether and ethanol, contained 7.0% ethanolamine and 1.5% serine, and the other that was soluble in diethyl ether, but insoluble in ethanol contained 2.0% ethanolamine and 4.6% serine. There was no choline in any fraction. Average neutralization values of fatty acids in these two fractions were 194 and 239 respectively.
Experiments on Synthetic Mica Crystal Growing. Crystal Growing with Carbon Granule Resistance Furnace
Authors: Noda Tokiti , Sumiyoshi Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Synthetic mica crystal growing experiments were carried out with a graphite crucible and a well-sintered high-aluminous clay crucible in a carbon granule resistance furnace of 30 kg. melting capacity, specially designed for this purpose. In experiments with a graphite crucible, the melt often became supercooled and crystallized rapidly, to result in small crystals once crystallization started at the supercooled temperature. With a clay crucible, several experiments failed because of cracks in the crucible or because of corrosion of the crucible by the melt. Only with a well-sintered high-aluminous clay crucible and under the condition of small loss of fluorine and potassium in the melt were perfect large single crystals measuring about 5 cm. by 5 cm. formed even at a mean cooling rate of 2∼5°C/hr. in the range of 1360°C to 1300°C. The yield of large single crystals was very small, doubtless because only the few crystals which had formed earlier had enough time and space to be in contact with the melt and thus to grow to large size. If the growing crystals come into contact or collide with other growing crystals, the crystals are either prevented from growing further or become strained or bent. Consequently, for crystals to grow to a large size, they must be in contact with the melt for a long time without being disturbed by other crystals. This can be done when crystals grow in the same direction. It was found that the temperature gradient of 4∼5°C/cm. was necessary for crystals to grow in one direction.
Among many factors affecting the growth of crystals, the rate of cooling should be controlled to secure the rate of crystal growth at less than 0.06 mm./min. in order to grow perfect and flawless single crystals of mica.
Needless to say, a sufficient volume of melt is necessary to grow large crystals, i. e. a large quantity of melt gives more opportunity for large crystals to grow. Crystals measuring 5 cm. by 5 cm. were never obtained before the 30 kg. melting experiments were carried out.
The Density of the Poly cyclic Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo , Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The density (ρ) of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from benzene (C6H6) to circumanthracene (C40H16), are correlated closely to the number of carbon atoms (N) included in the molecule. We may be expressed the relation as log (1⁄ρ−1⁄ρ∞)=−(1⁄2)log N+0.120, in which ρ∞ is the density of graphite, 2.26. The agreement of the computed values with the observed results is satisfactory. A trial to apply the equation to calculate the density of carbons is made with some success.
Electron Diffraction Investigation on the Molecular Structure of n-Butane
Authors: Kuchitsu Kôzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of n-butane has been investigated by means of the sector-microphotometer method of electron diffraction. The least-square analysis of the radial distribution curve has been carried out both for modified and unmodified curves giving the internuclear distances as well as their mean amplitudes and the bond angles. The estimation of experimental standard errors has been made by examining various sources of errors. Important results are the following:
a) The average distance of the C–C bonds is 1.539±0.003Å.
b) The angle C–C–C is 112°9′± 9′, is considerably greater than the tetrahedral angle.
c) The position of hydrogen atoms is located with considerable accuracy; C–H=1.100±0.003Å and &lt;C–C–H=110°22′±15′.
d) The mean amplitudes measured are in agreement with the calculated values within the limit of error.
e) The existence of rotational isomers, the trans and the gauche forms, are confirmed. The structure and the fraction of the isomers are determined. The result is consistent with the spectroscopic results.
Studies on the Sapogenins of Dioscorea tokoro Makino. IV. The Contents of Tokorogenin, Yonogenin and Diosgenin
Authors: Morita Katsura 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Improved isolation of tokorogenin, yonogenin and diosgenin from the rhizomes of D. tokoro Makino collected at Gotenba is described.
(2) The sapogenin contents in rhizomes of D. tokoro Makino collected in various districts in Japan were examined by means of chromatography.
(3) The sapogenin contents in rhizomes of cultivated plants of D. tokoro Makino were examined and it was found that the plants containing diosgenin as the major ingredient contain very small amounts of tokorogenin and yonogenin or lack them, while those containing large amounts of tokorogenin and yonogenin give only minute yields of diosgenin or lack it.