bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional activating signals between Trypanosoma brucei and CD8+ T cells: A trypanosome‐released factor triggers interferon‐γ production that stimulates parasite growth
Authors: Olsson Tomas , Bakhiet Moiz , Edlund Conny , Höjeberg Bo , van der Meide Peter H. , Kristensson Krister 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) is the cause of African sleeping sickness. T. b. brucei which is pathogenic for rodents but nonpathogenic for humans was used to examine the interactions between the parasite and mononuclear cells (MNC). Co‐cultivation in vitro of rat or human MNC and T. b. brucei resulted in a rapid non‐antigen‐specific release of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) which was dependent on CD8+ lymphoid cells. The parasites triggered MNC proliferation if IFN‐γ was blocked by a specific antibody in vitro. Separate cultures of parasites and MNC in a two‐chamber system allowing exchange of soluble mediators showed CD8+ cell‐dependent MNC triggering, indicating that a diffusable factor released by trypanosomes acts on the MNC. Gel filtration according to molecular mass of disrupted parasites and assay of the fractions revealed a peak activity at an approximate molecular mass of 185 kDa for the trypanosome‐derived lymphocyte‐triggering factor (TLTF). Conversely, there was a CD8+ cell‐dependent action of MNC on the trypanosomes. MNC released a diffusable factor that in short‐term experiments caused a striking increase in number of parasites. This effect was inhibited by antibodies against rat IFN‐γ. The increase in number of trypanosomes was promoted by rat MNC or rat IFN‐γ but not human MNC or human IFN‐γ suggesting a species‐restricted recognition of IFN‐γ. An in vivo uptake of IFN‐γ by the parasites was suggested by immunohistochemical staining of T. b. brucei with an mAb against rat IFN‐γ and Western blot of the parasites showing a band with a molecular mass corresponding to IFN‐γ. The bidirectional signals we define here may explain certain features of trypanosomiasis, i.e. T cell activation, immunosuppression and host‐range restriction. The seemingly important role of the TLTF indicates that it should be purified and explored as target for immune‐specific intervention.
Mechanisms of IgE tolerance: Dual regulatory T cell lesions in perinatal IgE tolerance
Authors: Chen Swey‐Shen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms of genetic control of IgE responses are exercised at different immuno‐physiological levels. This study centered upon the development of IgE lineage‐specific regulatory T cells. Herein, we demonstrate the following points: (a) perinatal administration of soluble self IgE molecule or self IgE complexed with foreign antigen induces IgE tolerance as manifested by antigen‐specific IgE unresponsiveness and a generalized IgE immunodeficiency, and the induction of IgE tolerance does not affect antigen‐specific IgG1, IgG, and IgA responses; (b) inducibility of perinatal IgE tolerance is correlated with complete absence of endogenously secreted IgE in the neonates; and the state of persistent IgE tolerance also does not correlate with the presence of high levels of circulating anti‐IgE autoantibodies; (c) The lesions induced during the ontogeny of IgE antibody system do not appear to result from an imbalance of production of interleukin 4 and interfron‐γ by T helper Th2 and Th1 cells in antigen‐stimulated cultures; the dual immunoregulatory lesions in T cell subsets are demonstrated: clonal anergy/deletion of CD4+ IgE Th cells and the presence of CD8+ IgE suppressor cells induced by perinatal IgE treatment. We propose that antigen/interleukin 4 activated B cells are controlled by IgE lineage‐specific regulatory T cells which recognize self IgE determinant(s) on IgE committed B cells. Life‐long IgE tolerance ensues as a result of a new steady state of IgE lineage‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets.
In vivo persistence of a HIV‐1‐encoded HLA‐B27‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope despite specific in vitro reactivity
Authors: Meyerhans Andreas , Dadaglio Gilles , Vartanian Jean‐Pierre , Langlade‐Demoyen Pierre , Frank Ronald , Åjö Birgitta , Plata Fernando , Wain‐Hobson Simon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA large number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) specific HLA‐restricted cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitopes have been mapped, including an HLA‐B27‐restricted immunodominant epitope within p25gag. Accordingly, this segment of the HIV‐1 provirus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from DNA derived from fresh uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of four HLA‐B27 HIV‐1‐infected individuals. In all cases the majority of infected PBMC bore sequences encoding the HLA‐B27‐restricted peptide. CTL escape mutants had not accumulated in vivo 8 and 14 months later despite demonstrable CTL activity in vitro. These data emphasize the importance of silently infected lymphocytes in evading immune surveillance.
IPy2BF4‐Mediated Glycosylation and Glycosyl Fluoride Formation
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Ting , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA facile method to convert thioglycosides to glycosyl fluorides with Ipy2BF4 (py = pyridine) is presented. Alternatively, activation of thioglycosides with Ipy2BF4 in the presence of acids and glycosyl acceptors led to glycosylation reactions. Perbenzylated (armed) glycosyl donors yielded predominantly the β‐anomeric product. This methodology is compatible with one‐pot sequential glycosylation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
An improved direct pumping approach to eliminate sample bias in capillary electrokinetic injection
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhang Jie , Zhou Dawei , Bao James J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRetraction: The following article from Electrophoresis, An improved direct pumping approach to eliminate sample bias in capillary electro injection by James J. Bao, Yan Yang, Jie Zhang, Dawei Zhou, published online on 9 March 2007 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) in Early View (Articles online in advance of print), has been retracted. The retraction has been agreed by the author, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Ziad El Rassi, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA due to overlap with a related article (An electrical pumping approach to eliminate sample bias in capillary electrokinetic injection, Electrophoresis, 2007, 28(7), 1063‐71) by James J. Bao and Yan Yang which was also published online on 9 March 2007 and published in print on 5 April 2007.
Accelerated multiple‐pass moving average: A novel algorithm for baseline estimation in CE and its application to baseline correction on real‐time bases
Authors: Solis Alejandro , Rex Mathew , Campiglia Andres D. , Sojo Pedro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm for baseline estimation in CE. The new algorithm which we have named as accelerated multiple‐pass moving average (AMPMA) is combined to three preexisting low‐pass filters, spike‐removal, moving average, and multi‐pass moving average filter, to achieve real‐time baseline correction with commercial instrumentation. The successful performance of AMPMA is demonstrated with simulated and experimental data. Straightforward comparison of experimental data clearly shows the improvement AMPMA provides to the linear fitting, LOD, and accuracy (absolute error) of CE analysis.
A DID analysis of the impact of health insurance reform in the city of Hangzhou
Authors: Zhang Jiale 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the 2003 reform of the health insurance system (in particular, the reduction in the co‐payment amount) on the consumption of inpatient medical services in the city of Hangzhou using a differences‐in‐difference (DID) empirical strategy. The results confirm that private‐sector employees (PSEs) (who were much more directly affected by the 2003 reform) were much more responsive to the reform than government employees. The growth rate of overall inpatient expenditures of PSEs (including retirees) increased by 26.4 percentage points more than that of government employees, which implies a relatively high (in absolute magnitude) price elasticity of demand for inpatient care of −1.10. Moreover, the growth rate of overall inpatient expenditures of currently employed PSEs increased by 37 percentage points more than that of government employees. Thus, the reform was effective in increasing PSEs' consumption of inpatient medical services, thereby reducing inter‐occupational inequities. However, a gap still exists between government employees and PSEs in their consumption of inpatient medical services, and thus further reforms of the system (for example, further reductions in inter‐occupational inequities) are needed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNAse A‐like enzymes in serum inhibit the anti‐neoplastic activity of siRNA targeting polo‐like kinase 1
Authors: Haupenthal Jörg , Baehr Christina , Zeuzem Stefan , Piiper Albrecht 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDown‐modulation of target molecules in tumor cells by small interfering (si) RNAs is a promising anti‐cancer strategy. A major challenge of this approach is the loss of silencing activity of the siRNAs in vivo. Our study aimed at investigating the influence of the serum compartment on the anti‐tumor activity of siRNA directed against Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), a mitosis‐associated serine/threonine kinase. The data showed that siRNA‐induced suppression of Plk1 expression effectively reduced the viable cell mass and increased apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Preincubation of the siRNA in human serum led to shortening of the siRNA as well as loss of its Plk1 silencing and anti‐tumor activity. This loss of activity was prevented by inhibition of RNAse A‐like enzymes. These data indicate that the anti‐neoplastic effect of siRNAs declines upon incubation in human serum. This loss of anti‐neoplastic activity can be prevented by inhibition of their degradation by RNAse A‐like enzymes. This may have important implications for the development of a human therapeutic application of siRNAs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of second cancer after chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Schöllkopf Claudia , Rosendahl Ditte , Rostgaard Klaus , Pipper Christian , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSmoking is not considered a risk factor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) yet increased lung cancer risk has been reported for these patients. Little data exist on the temporal variation in lung cancer risk after CLL, or its histological composition. We investigated the occurrence of second cancers in a large cohort of CLL patients with particular emphasis on lung cancer and its major subtypes. We followed all patients diagnosed with CLL in Denmark in the period 1943–2003 (n = 12,373) for the occurrence of second cancers. The relative risk was expressed as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), i.e. the ratio of observed to expected number of cancers, based on incidence rates for the Danish population. During follow‐up 1,105 cancers occurred among the CLL patients (SIR = 1.59 (95% CI 1.50–1.69)). SIR for all cancers combined remained elevated more than 10 years after CLL (SIR = 1.80 (1.56–2.08)). Lung cancer occurred in 141 patients (SIR = 1.61 (1.37–1.90)). The relative risk of lung cancer did not vary by gender, or time of follow‐up, but was higher in younger (SIR<60 years = 2.22 (1.62–3.06)) than in older (SIR70–79 years = 1.21 (0.88–1.68)) age‐groups. Elevated risks were observed for adenocarcinoma (SIR = 2.20 (1.57–3.08)) and squamous cell carcinoma (SIR = 1.52 (1.06–2.17)) of the lung. We speculate that shared genetic risk factors may explain the accumulation of lung and other cancers in CLL patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chartism and exchange rate volatility
Authors: Bask Mikael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to implement theoretically, the observation that the relative importance of fundamental versus technical analysis in the foreign exchange market depends on the time horizon in currency trade. For shorter time horizons, more weight is placed on technical analysis, while more weight is placed on fundamental analysis for longer horizons. The theoretical framework is the Dornbusch overshooting model, where moving averages is the technical trading technique used by the chartists. The perfect foresight path near long‐run equilibrium is derived, and it is shown that the magnitude of exchange rate overshooting is larger than in the Dornbusch model. Specifically, the extent of overshooting depends inversely on the time horizon in currency trade. How changes in the model's structural parameters endogenously affect this time horizon and the magnitude of overshooting along the perfect foresight path are also derived. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Term‐structure estimation in markets with infrequent trading
Authors: Cortazar Gonzalo , Schwartz Eduardo S. , Naranjo Lorenzo F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere are two issues that are of central importance in term‐structure analysis. One is the modelling and estimation of the current term structure of spot rates. The second is the modelling and estimation of the dynamics of the term structure. These two issues have been addressed independently in the literature. The methods that have been proposed assume a sufficiently complete price data set and are generally implemented separately. However, there are serious problems when these methods are applied to markets with sparse bond prices.We develop a method for jointly estimating the current term‐structure and its dynamics for markets with infrequent trading. We propose solving both issues by using a dynamic term‐structure model estimated from incomplete panel‐data. To achieve this, we modify the standard Kalman filter approach to deal with the missing‐observation problem. In this way, we can use historic price data in a dynamic model to estimate the current term structure. With this approach we are able to obtain an estimate of the current term structure even for days with an arbitrary low number of price observations.The proposed methodology can be applied to a broad class of continuous‐time term‐structure models with any number of stochastic factors. To show the implementation of the approach, we estimate a three‐factor generalized‐Vasicek model using Chilean government bond price data. The approach, however, may be used in any market with infrequent trading, a common characteristic of many emerging markets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does purchasing power parity hold in emerging markets? Evidence from a panel of black market exchange rates
Authors: Cerrato Mario , Sarantis Nicholas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examine the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis using a unique panel of monthly data on black market exchange rates for 34 emerging market economies. We apply a large number of recent heterogeneous panel unit root and cointegration tests. Panel unit root tests reject mean reversion in black market real exchange rates for most (but not all) emerging market economies. On the other hand, all panel cointegration tests provide strong evidence of cointegration between the nominal black market exchange rate and domestic and foreign prices for both individual countries and the full panel. Since we believe that the findings from unit root tests may be affected by the imposition of the joint symmetry and proportionality restriction due to trade restrictions and measurement errors, we test for such a restriction using likelihood ratio tests and find that it is strongly rejected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color invariant object recognition using entropic graphs
Authors: van Gemert Jan C. , Burghouts Gertjan J. , Seinstra Frank J. , Geusebroek Jan‐Mark 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present an object recognition approach using higher‐order color invariant features with an entropy‐based similarity measure. Entropic graphs offer an unparameterized alternative to common entropy estimation techniques, such as a histogram or assuming a probability distribution. An entropic graph estimates entropy from a spanning graph structure of sample data. We extract color invariant features from object images invariant to illumination changes in intensity, viewpoint, and shading. The Henze–Penrose similarity measure is used to estimate the similarity of two images. Our method is evaluated on the ALOI collection, a large collection of object images. This object image collection consists of 1000 objects recorded under various imaging circumstances. The proposed method is shown to be effective under a wide variety of imaging conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 146–153, 2006
An application of linear predictive coding and computational geometry to iris recognition
Authors: Alipour Masoud , Farhadi Ali , Razavi Nima 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to present a method in computer vision for person identification via iris recognition. The method makes essential use of computational geometry and LPC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 230–233, 2006
Electrophysiological study of infant and adult rats under acute intoxication with fluoroacetamide
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Jenkins Richard O. , Goncharov Nikolay V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was conducted of acute intoxication of infant and adult Wistar rats with fluoroacetamide (FAA), an inhibitor of oxidative metabolism. FAA was administered orally to adult rats at 1/2 LD50 and subcutaneously to infant rats at LD100 or 1/10 LD50. Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration and motor activity were registered for 7 days. Clinical analysis of ECG and the heart rate variability (HRV) was carried out to assess the state of the vegetative nervous system.In adult rats, FAA caused marked disturbances in the activity of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including the development of a potentially lethal acute cor pulmonale. Conversely, there were no significant changes of cardiac function and respiration in infant rats; they died because of extreme emaciation accompanied by retardation of development. In adult rats, bursts of associated cardiac and respiratory tachyarrhythmia, as well as regular high amplitude spasmodic sighs having a deca‐second rhythm were observed. In both infant and adult rats, FAA caused short‐term enhancement of humoral (metabolic) and sympathetic activities, followed by a gradual and stable predominance of parasympathetic influence on HRV. Under conditions of FAA inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the observed physiological reactions may be explained by activation of alternative metabolic pathways. This is also supported by a lack of ontogenetically caused inhibition of spontaneous motor activity in infant rats poisoned with FAA, which highlights the significance of the alternative metabolic pathways for implementation of deca‐second and minute rhythms and a lack of a rigid dependence of these rhythms upon activity of neuronal networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of microwave assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and saponins in Radix Astragali by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Song Jing‐Zheng , Mo Shi‐Fu , Yip Yue‐Keung , Qiao Chun‐Feng , Han Quan‐Bin , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA microwave assisted extraction (MAE) procedure was first developed for the simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides in Radix Astragali (RA). MAE showed the highest extraction efficiency when compared to Soxhlet, reflux, and ultrasonic extraction. It was found that flavonoid glycoside malonates were converted into their related glycosides during the prolonged conventional extraction, thus affecting the reproducibility. However, the conversion was inhibited when using MAE. After being optimized in terms of solvents, microwave power, and irradiation time, MAE was used for the simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides in RA with HPLC‐UV‐evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Our results indicated that extraction by MAE was more effective than by other conventional techniques. Moreover, the MAE method followed by HPLC‐UV‐ELSD determination was a simple, rapid, and reliable method for the quality assessment of RA.
Rapid speciation of iron by on‐line coupling of short column capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with the collision cell technique
Authors: Li Bao‐Hui , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method for rapid speciation analysis of iron was developed by on‐line coupling of short column capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The collision cell technique was used to eliminate argon‐based polyatomic interferences and a Micromist nebulizer was employed to increase the nebulization efficiency. Rapid speciation analysis of Fe(II) and Fe(III) was achieved within 1 min by short column capillary electrophoresis in a 14 cm×50 μm id capillary at 28 kV voltage with a mixture of 15 mmol/L tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane + 1 mmol/L 1,10‐phenanthroline + 1 mmol/L EDTA (pH 8.6) as running electrolyte. The precisions (RSD, n = 5) of migration time and peak area for Fe(II) and Fe(III) were in the range of 1.0–2.6 and 1.9–3.9%, respectively. The limits of detection (3σ) of Fe(II) and Fe(III) were 10.0 and 8.3 μg/L, respectively.
Computing the complexity of the relation of isometry between separable Banach spaces
Authors: Melleray Julien 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe compute here the Borel complexity of the relation of isometry between separable Banach spaces, using results of Gao, Kechris [2], Mayer‐Wolf [5], and Weaver [8]. We show that this relation is Borel bireducible to the universal relation for Borel actions of Polish groups. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐standard analysis in ACA0 and Riemann mapping theorem
Authors: Yokoyama Keita 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis research is motivated by the program of reverse mathematics and non‐standard arguments in second‐order arithmetic. Within a weak subsystem of second‐order arithmetic ACA0, we investigate some aspects of non‐standard analysis related to sequential compactness. Then, using arguments of non‐standard analysis, we show the equivalence of the Riemann mapping theorem and ACA0 over WKL0. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Categorical abstract algebraic logic: The Diagram and the Reduction Operator Lemmas
Authors: Voutsadakis George 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe study of structure systems, an abstraction of the concept of first‐order structures, is continued. Structure systems have algebraic systems as their algebraic reducts and their relational component consists of a collection of relation systems on the underlying functors. An analog of the expansion of a first‐order structure by constants is presented. Furthermore, analogs of the Diagram Lemma and the Reduction Operator Lemma from the theory of equality‐free first‐order structures are provided in the framework of structure systems. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A topology induced by uniformity on BL‐algebras
Authors: Haveshki Masoud , Eslami Esfandiar , Borumand Saeid Arsham 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a collection of filters of a BL‐algebra A. We use the concept of congruence relation with respect to filters to construct a uniformity which induces a topology on A. We study the properties of this topology regarding different filters. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)