bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imported fungal infections
Authors: Mackenzie D W R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Data on mycoses known to be imported into the United Kingdom are sparse. Estimates on the prevalence of fungal infections have to be based on indirect and incomplete figures, obtained from isolation figures and reports of individual cases to co-ordinating centres such as the Mycological Reference Laboratory and the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre of the Public Health Laboratory Service.
Imported species of dermatophytes account for less than 1% of the total number of isolations made annually at mycological laboratories throughout the U.K. A suggested prevalence of dermatophytosis in this country is c. 250 000 cases per annum. Trichophyton rubrum may now be the most common species of dermatophyte.
Other estimates of the frequencies with which infections are recorded each year include mycetoma (7–10), histoplasmosis (2–5), aspergilloma (50–80), invasive aspergillosis (10–30), Candida vaginitis (≽ 1 000 000), invasive candidiasis (10–80), Candida endocarditis (1–2) and cryptococcosis (6–10).
Mycoses imported from the West Indies. A report of three cases
Authors: Hay R J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
There have been isolated case reports of deep fungal infections from the Caribbean area but little is known about the distribution of mycoses there. Three cases, one of mycetoma, one of chromomycosis, one of histoplasmosis, are described. Their management and the advantages and disadvantages of treatment outside the area of origin are discussed.
Evaluation of vaginal antifungal formulations in vivo
Authors: McRipley R J , Erhard P J , Schwind R A , Whitney R R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Relatively simple and rapid procedures have been developed for evaluating the local efficacy of vaginal antifungal agents in vivo in a vaginal candidiasis model in ovariectomized rats. The results of this investigation indicate that the model and methods described are quite suitable for screening potential antifungal substances and for assessing the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of new antifungal agents and formulations before carrying out clinical studies.
The effect of metoprolol on plasma lipids
Authors: Beinart I W , Cramp D G , Pearson R M , Havard C W H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fifteen hypertensive patients entered a single-blind study to examine the effects of metoprolol (100 mg twice daily) on fasting plasma lipids. In 12 patients who completed the study, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations fell, but cholesterol and triglyceride levels were unchanged after 12 weeks' treatment. These results conflict with earlier reports of the effect of metoprolol on plasma triglyceride concentrations.
Heat oedema: a clinical study
Authors: Sitprija V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Transient generalized oedema was observed in a patient upon exposure to a hot climate. Oedema disappeared in 5 days. Clinical study during oedema revealed decreased urine volume, high urine osmolality, high urine sodium concentration, increased blood volume, hyponatraemia and hypo-osmolality. The total solute excretion was unchanged. The endogenous creatinine and para-aminohippurate clearances were normal. The findings were suggestive of increased antidiuretic hormone activity, and heat might be responsible.
Transplacental passage of anti-s̄ antibody without haemolysis
Authors: Goldstone A H , McVerry B A , Cooper M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The production of anti-s̄ antibodies during pregnancy is a rare event and usually causes haemolysis of fetal red cells. A case is presented where an IgG anti-s̄ antibody crossed the placenta, but did not produce any evidence of haemolysis.
Iron overload despite partial gastrectomy
Authors: Parfrey P S , Turnbull A L , Pollock D J , Barnett M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Iron overload was found in 3 patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy: a 61-year-old woman developed iron overload because she may have had idiopathic haemochromatosis and had also been given parenteral iron; in a 62-year-old man with thalassaemia minor, iron overload may have developed because of increased oral iron ingestion, low serum folate, increased, albeit ineffective, erythropoiesis and sideroblastic anaemia; a 74-year-old man with thalassaemia minor developed iron overload without exogenous therapy and died from a hepatoma. These cases illustrate that partial gastrectomy fails to protect patients from developing iron overload, particularly if given uncontrolled iron therapy.
Haematemesis in Ménétrier's disease
Authors: Dickinson R J , Axon A T R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Three patients with Ménétrier's disease presented with massive haematemesis. One patient died. Ménétrier's disease may be associated with gastrointestinal haemorrhage and although it is rare it should be borne in mind as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In one patient an elevated serum gastrin was found and the possible significance of this is briefly discussed.
Tobramycin nephrotoxicity. A prospective clinical study
Authors: Coca Antonio , Martinez Alberto , Soriano Eladio , Blade Juan , Segura Fernando , Ribas-Mundo Manuel 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The nephrotoxicity of tobramycin given at a dose of 4·5 mg/kg/day for a period of 12 days to a group of 90 patients with a mean age of 62·9 years was studied. Toxicity was determined on the basis of 3 main criteria (oliguria &lt;400 ml/24 hr, serum creatinine 0·4 mg increase over a minimum basal level of 1·2 mg/100 ml, BUN 5 mg increase over a minimum of 25 mg/100 ml); and 3 minor criteria (proteinuria, microhaematuria and cylindruria). These parameters were determined before treatment at 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 30 days afterwards. The age and coexistence of factors such as hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, cardiac insufficiency, shock and dehydration were considered. Nephrotoxicity level ranges from 3·3 to 38·8% depending on the criterion used, and is related to hypertension (P&lt;0·001), age (P&lt;0·005) and association with ampicillin (P&lt;0·005). Nephrotoxicity was reversible spontaneously in 96·7% of the cases and no differences have been observed between patients with moderate renal insufficiency and those with normal renal function on the initiation of treatment.
Symptomatic hypothalamic hypopituitarism following radiotherapy
Authors: Frier B M , Corrall R J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient is described who developed symptomatic hypopituitarism within 18 months of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Detailed investigation indicated a lesion at hypothalamic level. The effect of radiation on hypothalamic-pituitary function is discussed.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in association with congenital neuroblastoma
Authors: Thompson Eileen N , Bosley Alan 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 3-month-old infant with neuroblastoma complicated by progressive depletion of coagulation factors and a microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia is described. Specific anti-tumour therapy corrected the haemorrhagic defect on 2 occasions, but did not affect tumour bulk significantly, although a fall in urinary vanillyl-mandelic acid was seen. The rarity of this association and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
Iatrogenic ‘torsade de pointes’ ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kounis Nicholas G 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThree patients who developed a distinctive form of ventricular tachycardia with oscillating QRS axis, while they were receiving drugs known to prolong the repolarization time are described. In one of the patients suffering from psychiatric illness and receiving psychotropic drugs the arrhythmia was fatal. It is postulated that the tendency to this arrhythmia was augmented by repeated electric counter shocks and negative bathmotropic drugs. Functional factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of this arrhythmia which seems to constitute an entity.
Eosinophilic pleural effusion with high anti-DNA activity as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wysenbeek A J , Pick A I , Sella A , Beigel Y , Yeshurun D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient, known to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presented with an eosinophilic pleural effusion. It is believed that SLE was the cause of her pleural effusion as increased levels of anti-DNA activity were found in the pleural fluid. Eosinophilic pleural effusion is a previosuly unreported observation in SLE patients (so far as the authors are aware), and the existence of increased anti-DNA activity in the pleural fluid may have value as an additional aid in the diagnosis of this disease.
‘Sick cell’ hyponatraemia and gastrointestinal electrolyte loss
Authors: Ghose R R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with protracted vomiting was noted to have hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia on admission. Isotope dilution studies before treatment revealed profound body depletion of sodium, potassium and water. Treatment with potassium chloride tablets produced a simultaneous rise in serum sodium and potassium concentration without change in urine volume or osmolality, or body weight.
Potassium depletion appears to have contributed to the mechanism of hyponatraemia in this situation, and that replacement of potassium corrected hyponatraemia by effectively re-distributing solute and water across the cell membrane, so that sodium ions which had entered intr-cellular fluid during electrolyte depletion, subsequently returned to extracellular fluid after treatment.
Raynaud’s phenomenon induced by sulphasalazine
Authors: Reid J , Holt S , Housley E , Sneddon D J C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Sulphasalazine-induced Raynaud’s phenomenon is reported in a patient who showed no other features of a drug-induced lupus syndrome. The vascular disturbance disappeared when the drug was withdrawn on 3 occasions. A simple technique for assessing the circulatory abnormality in Raynaud’s phenomenon is described.
Increased slow wave sleep in a hypopituitary dwarf
Authors: Tormey W P , Darragh A S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The main features of the nocturnal EEG of a dwarf with evidence of hypothalamic disease were an increase in slow wave sleep (SWS), a reduction in stage 2 and no alteration in total rapid eye movement. Administration of growth hormone caused a further increase in SWS time.
Salivary gland enlargement during oesophageal stricture dilatation
Authors: Martin D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of recurrent salivary gland enlargement occurring during fibreoptic oesophagoscopy and oesophageal stricture dilatation with Eder-Puestow dilators is described. The genesis of this condition is discussed and its transient and usually benign nature emphasized.
Some cardiovascular problems with disopyramide
Authors: Warrington S J , Hamer J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Five patients with apparent adverse cardiovascular effects of disopyramide are reveiwed. Attention is drawn to the following problems.
(1) A vagolytic effect may produce a sinus tachycardia with wide QRS complexes due to aberrant conduction or intraventricular block superficially resembling a ventricular tachycardia, or may allow increased transmission of an atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter to the ventricles by improving atrio-ventricular conduction.
(2) Although the vagolytic effect is helpful in increasing sinus rate in patients with sinus node disease, disopyramide may lead to bradycardia and asytolic cardiac arrest, and should not be used without a demand pacemaker.
(3) Dangerous ventricular arrhythmias may be provoked in susceptible subjects, as with quinidine.
(4) Rapid intravenous injection may produce transient toxic effects before the drug is distributed. The rate of injection as a loading dose for prophylaxis should be slower (2 mg/kg in 15 min) than for the urgent conversion of a resistent tachycardia (2 mg/kg in 5 min).
Although disopyramide seems less toxic than quinidine, caution is advised, as over-enthusiastic application of disopyramide, particularly with rapid intravenous injection, might tend to bring a useful new agent into disrepute.
Pasteurella multocida meningitis
Authors: Smith F R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Pasteurella multocida appears to be a very rare cause of meningitis. The bacterium has morphological similarities with other causative organisms, particularly Haemophilus influenzae, and its apparent rarity may be due partly to misidentification. This case, only the fourth reported from the United Kingdom, could not be distinuished clinically from the meningitis, owing to other pyogenic bacteria.
Sarcoidosis associated with combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Crofts M J , Joyner M V , Sharp J C , Costello J , Vergani D 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe association of multiple non-caseating granulomata and a positive Kviem test is normally considered to be indicative of a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. However, although depressed cell-mediated immunity is commonly described, it is extremely rare to find a humoral immune paresis.A patient is reported who had multiple granulomata, depressed cellular and humoral immunity and a positive Kveim test.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: report of a case responding to chemotherapy
Authors: Woods R L , Stewart J F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Metastases of basal cell carcinoma are very uncommon. Only 10 reported cases have been treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, and no good responses have been documented. The case is presented of a 54-year-old male who had several basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) removed surgically and who, 12 years after his first presentation, developed respiratory symptoms related to metastatic pulmonary BCCs. These failed to respond to initial chemotherapy with methotrexate, bleomycin, and vincristine, but regressed when treated with cyclophosphamide and cis-diamine dichloroplatinum.
Pindolol-induced tremor
Authors: Hod H , Har-Zahav J , Kaplinsky N , Frankl O 
Published: December 2008

SummaryFive patients were treated with pindolol for various indications. The patients called attention to the appearance of fine tremors in their extremities 6-72 hr after starting treatment with the drug. The tremors disappeared 24-72 hr after stopping the drug. Beta-adrenoceptor-blockers are known to suppress different types of tremor and the paradoxical appearance of tremors during pindolol treatment is attributed to its powerful partial agonist activity.To the best of the authors’ knowledge this side effect has not been previously described in the literature.
Moduretic-induced metabolic acidosis and hyperkalaemia
Authors: Wan H H , Lye M D W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient who developed significant metabolic acidosis and severe hyperkalaemia while taking Moduretic (amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide) is reported. During the period of hyperkalaemia (maximum potassium 7-6 mmol/l) the patient’s whole body potassium content was normal. His acid-base balance and serum potassium returned to normal some 10 days after stopping the drug. The possible mechanism of acidosis and hyperkalaemia in this patient is discussed.
Jaundice associated with naproxen
Authors: Victorino R M M , Silveira J C B , Baptista A , de Moura M C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hepatic injury in association with naproxen therapy is described and documented by liver biopsy in one patient. Histological findings were consistent with a drug-induced hepatitis, and cessation of therapy led to reversal of the clinical and biochemical changes. Circumstantial evidence is in favour of a hypersensitivity response to the drug rather than direct hepatotoxicity. Increased awareness of clinicians of this probably rare side effect of naproxen may help prompt identification of similar cases.
Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as morbid jealousy
Authors: Ravindran A , Carney M W , Denman A M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A patient fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and presenting with morbid jealousy is described. There was evidence of cerebral lupus. Her physical and mental symptoms responded to a combination of chlorpromazine and steroids. The morbid mental process was probably caused by her physical condition while the content of her disordered thought and behaviour was determined by her introverted premorbid personality, religiosity, unhappy childhood experiences and frustrated desire for children.
A case of leiomyoma of the oesophagus complicated by superior vena cava obstruction and associated eosinophilia
Authors: Hickling P , Buksh K , Beck P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Superior vena cava obstruction occurring as a complication of leiomyoma of the oesophagus has not been reported before. Such a case is recorded which was associated with striking eosinophilia, a feature previously noted in cases of uterine leiomyomas.
Acute interstitial nephritis associated with gentamicin and lincomycin therapy
Authors: Bell G M , Thomson D 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case of acute oliguric renal failure following gentamicin and linocomycin therapy is described. Renal biopsy showed an acute interstitial nephritis. This was associated with high serum gentamicin levels and the later development of ototoxicity. Withdrawal of antibiotics and conservative measures was followed by rapid recovery of renal function. Attention is drawn to the association between gentamicin and lincomycin therapy and the development of an acute interstitial nephritis.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix
Authors: Menon N K 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Two cases of carcinoma of the appendix presenting as appendicular masses are discussed. Carcinoma of the appendix is rare and hence a pre-operative diagnosis is seldom made. Awareness of the condition would naturally arouse suspicion of its presence, especially in elderly patients who present with cute appendicitis or an appendix mass. It is known to have occurred in an appendix stump several years after the initial appendicectomy, and also in a 17-year-old patient. The need for histological examination of all appendicetomy specimens is stressed. The operation of choice is right hemicolectomy, either as a primary or as a secondary procedure. This is associated with better survival rates than when the condition is treated by appendicectomy alone.
Non-traumatic clostridial myositis: an unusual feature of brain death
Authors: Thys J P , Ectors P , Noel P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In a case of brain death, a Clostridium sordellii and Escherichia coli septicaemia--of probable gastrointestinal origin--developed and was associated with a diffuse clostridial myositis. Factors responsible for the initiation and development of this unusual clostridial infection are discussed.
The dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: dietary cholesterol and fat
Authors: Connor W E 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Epidemiological, laboratory and experimental studies make it clear that dietary cholesterol (DC) and saturated fat, independently and together, are hypercholesterolaemic and atherogenic. Some work suggests that DC, usually given as egg yolk, is the more important, but often they are consumed together. There is a threshold, usually between 100 and 200 mg/day, below which small increments do not affect plasma cholesterol (PC) and another, usually between 500 and 600 mg/day, above which there is little additional change. However, there is considerable individual variation. Recent work suggests that regression of atherosclerosis can occur in the human as in the non-human primate. An alternative, phased, preventive diet has been designed which is nutritionally adequate, ecologically sound, and economical. It also has an historical basis.
The role of peritoneal biopsy in the diagnosis of ascites
Authors: Jenkins P F , Ward M J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Percutaneous biopsies of the peritoneum were obtained in 23 patients with ascites of unknown cause. The only case of tuberculous peritonitis was correctly diagnosed. Peritoneal biopsy provided a diagnosis of malignancy in 6 patients (one lymphoma, one mesothelioma, 4 cases of disseminated carcinoma) but failed to recognize a further 13 cases of disseminated carcinoma. Previous literature is reviewed and the diagnostic usefulness of this procedure is discussed.
Blood pressure and sodium balance in hypertensive patients in hospital
Authors: de Leeuw P W , Birkenhäger W H 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNinety-one subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension were admitted to hospital. They received a diet with a fixed amount of sodium (55 mmol/day), without calorie restriction.Blood pressure was measured at 2-hr intervals and averaged for each day. In patients who apparently adhered to a low salt diet before admission (group I), BP dropped 5 mmHg during the first 24 hr and then remained stable. In patients who previously ingested more salt (group II) a similar drop in pressure occurred during the first day, but pressure declined another 6 mmHg during the second day, to stabilize thereafter.Both neurovegetative and sodium-dependent factors appear to contribute to the decrease in BP while the patient is in hospital.
Cholestatic jaundice: an immune response to prajmalium bitartrate
Authors: Rotmensch H H , Liron M , Yust I , Klejman A , Livni E , Moalem T , Gefel A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Cholestatic jaundice associated with chills, pruritus and blood eosinophilia developed in a patient who received prajmalium bitartrate therapy for ventricular arrhythmia following acute myocardial infarction. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in a spontaneous improvement in the clinical and biochemical findings. Challenge by prajmalium bitartrate caused rapid reappearance of the clinical and biochemical features.
In immunological studies, deposits of IgG and IgA were detected at the bile canaliculi by fluorescent staining, and the patient’s lymphocytes produced macrophage migration inhibition after in vitro incubation with prajmalium bitartrate. Thus, laboratory results support the assumption of an allergic mechanism.
The importance of duodenal diverticula in the elderly
Authors: Pearce V R 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAll barium meal examinations performed, in patients aged greater than 65 years, in one year in one Health District are reviewed. There were 39 cases of duodenal diverticula. One case of osteomalacia and folate deficiency was discovered and this patient had evidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. In the remaining cases showing evidence of nutritional deficiency, other factors were probably responsible. The evidence for an association between deficiencies and duodenal diverticula is discussed, and it is concluded that these structures are rarely responsible for nutritional deficiencies in the elderly.
Pancreatic insufficiency following abdominal irradiation
Authors: Kingham J G , Barrett A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case is reported of pancreatic insufficiency following abdominal irradiation for Hodgkin’s disease in a man aged 47 years. The effects of radiation on the pancreas are discussed. It is suggested that post irradiation steatorrhoea may have a pancreatic as well as an enteric cause.
The treatment of haemorrhoids by rubber band ligation at St Mark’s hospital
Authors: Jeffery P J , Ritchie S M , Miller W , Hawley P R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Two hundred and ninety-five patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids were treated by rubber band ligation as out-patients at St Mark’s Hospital, London, between April 1972 and December 1975. Follow-up was possible in 260 patients of whom two-thirds were satisfied with the outcome: 69 patients had residual symptoms for which no treatment had been sought. Nineteen patients eventually required a haemorrhoidectomy.
Shigella septicaemia following renal transplantation
Authors: Severn M , Michael J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Two patients are described who developed septicaemia with Shigella flexneri following renal transplantation. Pre-operative screening had not identified either patient as a chronic carrier of Shigella sp. The acute management and problems posed by unrecognized carriers amongst patients undergoing transplantation in areas of the world where Shigella is endemic, are discussed.