bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the dosimetry of high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy in cervical cancer
Authors: Mahapatra Bikash Ranjan , Barik Sandip Kumar , Das Deepak Kumar , Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Parida Dillip Kumar , Ramasubbu Mathan Kumar , Badajena Avinash , Barik Bijay Kumar , Mishra Minakshi , Pattanaik Ashutosh , Kanungo Satyabrata , Muraleedharan Anupam , Ahmed Sk Soel , Mukherjee Priyanka , Abdulla Shaha Sheik , Mahajan Ankur , Sarkar Arnab 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is essential in managing locally advanced cervical cancer. Brachytherapy as a modality has the advantage of a higher dose to the tumour with a dose fall off at the periphery as per the inverse square law. The dose per fraction is much higher than external beam radiotherapy. So proper application and dosimetry are of paramount importance to reduce late toxicity.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 69 patients who underwent three ICBT applications of 7 Gray in each fraction was done. The factors under consideration were the type of pain management (spinal anaesthesia (SA) versus conscious sedation (CS)), the initial size of the disease (bulky and non-bulky) and subsequent fractions (first fraction versus third fraction). The dosimetric parameters analysed were the doses received by points A, B and P and that of the critical organs (bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon).

Results:
The dose received by critical organs was comparable concerning all the factors under consideration. The dose to point P on the left side was significantly lower in the CS group than in the SA group (p-value = 0·031). Also, the dose to point P on the right side was significantly lower in the third fraction compared with the first fraction (p-value = 0·016).

Conclusions:
ICBT under spinal anaesthesia resulted in a higher dose to the pelvic wall. The initial size of the tumour or the subsequent fractions does not significantly affect the dose received by critical organs.
Behavior of Amagmatic Orogenic Geothermal Systems: Insights From the Agua Blanca Fault, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Carbajal‐Martínez Daniel , Wanner Christoph , Diamond Larryn W. , Peiffer Loïc , Fletcher John M. , Inguaggiato Claudio , Contreras‐López Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmagmatic geothermal systems within regional‐scale orogenic faults are promising renewable resources for heat and possibly electricity production. However, their behavior needs to be better understood to improve their exploration and assessment of energy potential. To provide more insight, we report geochemical, geological, and geophysical studies from seven hot spring sites strung along a 90 km segment of the Agua Blanca Fault, which traverses a mountainous region of northern Baja California, Mexico. Our results show that topographic heads drive infiltration of meteoric water deep into basement rocks, where it is heated according to the local geothermal gradients. Long paths lead to long water residence times and high 3He/Hetotal fractions. The hot water ascends along preferentially permeable zones within the ABF, discharging at temperatures from 37°C in inland springs to 102°C on the Pacific coast. Higher discharge temperatures correlate positively with the degree of extensional fault displacement (a proxy for fault permeability). Correlations between hydraulic head gradients, residence times, and 3He/Hetotal of the thermal waters show that the hydraulic head gradient controls the length and depth of the flow paths, whereas the magnitudes and locations of the discharge sites are controlled by fault permeability. Optimal conditions at the coast allow the 120°C temperature threshold for electricity production to be reached at relatively shallow depths (<2 km), demonstrating the potential of orogenic geothermal systems not only for exploitation of hot discharging water but also for EGS exploitation of the hot rocks that surround the water upflow zones.
Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
Authors: Olonscheck Dirk , Rugenstein Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA realistic representation of top‐of‐the‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation response to surface warming is key for trusting climate model projections. We show that coupled models with freely evolving ocean‐atmosphere interactions systematically underestimate the observed global TOA radiation trend during 2001–2022 in 552 simulations. Locally, even if a simulation spontaneously reproduces observed surface temperature trends, TOA radiation trends are more likely under‐ than overestimated. This response bias stems from the models' inability to reproduce the observed large‐scale surface warming pattern and from errors in the atmospheric physics affecting short‐ and longwave radiation. Models with a better representation of the TOA radiation response to local surface warming have a relatively low equilibrium climate sensitivity. Our bias metric is a novel process‐based approach which links a model's current response to climate change to its behavior in the future.
Albedo‐Induced Global Warming Potential Following Disturbances in Global Temperate and Boreal Forests
Authors: Zhu Qingsong , Chen Jiquan , Charles P.‐A. Bourque , Sonnentag Oliver , Montagnani Leonardo , O’Halloran Thomas L. , Scott Russell L. , Forsythe Jeremy , Song Bo , Zou Huimin , Duan Meihui , Li Xianglan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForest disturbances can result in very different canopies that carry elevated albedo, thus causing substantial cooling effects on the climate. Unfortunately, the resulting dynamic global warming potential from altered albedo (GWPΔα) is poorly understood. We examined and modeled the changes in albedo over time after disturbances (i.e., forest age) by forest type, disturbance type and geographic location using direct measurements from 107 sites in temperate and boreal regions. Albedo in undisturbed forests was used as the reference to calculate albedo changes (Δα) and GWPΔα after a disturbance. We found that age is a significant factor for predicting albedo amid the obvious regulations from forest type and geographic locations. We found the strongest cooling GWPΔα in the first 10 years after a disturbance, but it decreased rapidly with time. The changes in GWPΔα were very different from the chronosequence of net ecosystem production (NEP). In the first decade after disturbances, GWPΔα was negative (i.e., cooling) and surprisingly larger in magnitude, with an average of −0.609 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1, compared to NEP of −0.166 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1. Albedo continued to decrease and approached pre‐disturbance levels until around 50 years, resulting in a nearly zero GWPΔα. This research illustrates that many forests in temperate and boreal regions can be considered significant cooling agents by taking into account the high albedo of young forests following disturbances.
p53 modulates kinase inhibitor resistance and lineage plasticity in NF1-related MPNSTs
Authors: Grit Jamie L. , McGee Lauren E. , Tovar Elizabeth A. , Essenburg Curt J. , Wolfrum Emily , Beddows Ian , Williams Kaitlin , Sheridan Rachael T. C. , Schipper Joshua L. , Adams Marie , Arumugam Menusha , Vander Woude Thomas , Gurunathan Sharavana , Field Jeffrey M. , Wulfkuhle Julia , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Graveel Carrie R. , Steensma Matthew R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are chemotherapy resistant sarcomas that are a leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Although NF1-related MPNSTs derive from neural crest cell origin, they also exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity. TP53 mutations are associated with significantly decreased survival in MPNSTs, however the mechanisms underlying TP53-mediated therapy responses are unclear in the context of NF1-deficiency. We evaluated the role of two commonly altered genes, MET and TP53, in kinome reprograming and cellular differentiation in preclinical MPNST mouse models. We previously showed that MET amplification occurs early in human MPNST progression and that Trp53 loss abrogated MET-addiction resulting in MET inhibitor resistance. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of therapy resistance whereby p53 alters MET stability, localization, and downstream signaling leading to kinome reprogramming and lineage plasticity. Trp53 loss also resulted in a shift from RAS/ERK to AKT signaling and enhanced sensitivity to MEK and mTOR inhibition. In response to MET, MEK and mTOR inhibition, we observed broad and heterogeneous activation of key differentiation genes in Trp53-deficient lines suggesting Trp53 loss also impacts lineage plasticity in MPNSTs. These results demonstrate the mechanisms by which p53 loss alters MET dependency and therapy resistance in MPNSTS through kinome reprogramming and phenotypic flexibility.
Combination of stem cell-derived secretome from human exfoliated deciduous teeth with Yemeni Sidr honey on cell viability and migration: an in vitro study
Authors: Al-Hadi Mona Abdulrahman Abdullah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Bone diseases have a profound global impact, especially when the body’s innate regenerative capacity falls short in the face of extensive damage. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), discovered in 2003, offer a promising solution for tissue repair, as they self-renew naturally and are easily obtainable. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including SHEDs, are believed to promote tissue regeneration by releasing growth factors, collectively known as the secretome.

Aims
This study explored the potential of combining SHED-derived secretome with Yemeni Sidr honey to improve osteoblast and fibroblast cell viability and migration.

Materials and methods
The experiment involved treating cell cultures of two types of rat cell lines - 7F2 osteoblast and BHK-21 fibroblast immortalized cells - with SHED-derived secretome and Yemeni Sidr honey. After the treatment, cell viability was measured using the MTT assay, which calculates OD at 590 nm. Additionally, the scratch assay was conducted to evaluate cell migration, and ImageJ software was used for data processing.

Results
The findings indicated that combining SHED-derived secretome and Yemeni Sidr honey enhanced osteoblast and fibroblast cell viability and migration. Furthermore, the study highlighted the difference in the stimulative potential of SHED-derived secretome, Yemeni Sidr honey, and their combination, on the viability and migration of the cultured cells.

Conclusion
The research concludes that combining SHED-derived secretome with Yemeni Sidr honey has the potential to promote cell viability and migration in in-vitro settings. The synergistic application of these substances has been found to be more effective -when combined in a dose-dependent manner- than their counterparts. Overall, the current study serves as a foundation for further investigations to establish if the explored substance has any useful clinical applications.
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of vestibular schwannoma reveals functionally distinct macrophage subsets
Authors: Baruah Paramita , Mahony Christopher , Marshall Jennifer L. , Smith Charlotte G. , Monksfield Peter , Irving Richard I. , Dumitriu Ingrid E. , Buckley Christopher D. , Croft Adam P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) remain a challenge due to their anatomical location and propensity to growth. Macrophages are present in VS but their roles in VS pathogenesis remains unknown.

Objectives
The objective was to assess phenotypic and functional profile of macrophages in VS with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq).

Methods
scRNAseq was carried out in three VS samples to examine characteristics of macrophages in the tumour. RT-qPCR was carried out on 10 VS samples for CD14, CD68 and CD163 and a panel of macrophage-associated molecules.

Results
scRNAseq revealed macrophages to be a major constituent of VS microenvironment with three distinct subclusters based on gene expression. The subclusters were also defined by expression of CD163, CD68 and IL-1β. AREG and PLAUR were expressed in the CD68+CD163+IL-1β+ subcluster, PLCG2 and NCKAP5 were expressed in CD68+CD163+IL-1β− subcluster and AUTS2 and SPP1 were expressed in the CD68+CD163−IL-1β+ subcluster. RT-qPCR showed expression of several macrophage markers in VS of which CD14, ALOX15, Interleukin-1β, INHBA and Colony Stimulating Factor-1R were found to have a high correlation with tumour volume.

Conclusions
Macrophages form an important component of VS stroma. scRNAseq reveals three distinct subsets of macrophages in the VS tissue which may have differing roles in the pathogenesis of VS.
Ferroptosis: a new hunter of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yulang , Yu Yongxin , Pan Ziyang , Glandorff Christian , Sun Mingyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron ion-dependent, regulatory cell death modality driven by intracellular lipid peroxidation that plays a key role in the development of HCC. Studies have shown that various clinical agents (e.g., sorafenib) have ferroptosis inducer-like effects and can exert therapeutic effects by modulating different key factors in the ferroptosis pathway. This implies that targeting tumor cell ferroptosis may be a very promising strategy for tumor therapy. In this paper, we summarize the prerequisites and defense systems for the occurrence of ferroptosis and the regulatory targets of drug-mediated ferroptosis action in HCC, the differences and connections between ferroptosis and other programmed cell deaths. We aim to summarize the theoretical basis, classical inducers of ferroptosis and research progress of ferroptosis in HCC cells, clued to the treatment of HCC by regulating ferroptosis network. Further investigation of the specific mechanisms of ferroptosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and interventions at different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma will help us to deepen our understanding of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a view to providing new and more precise preventive as well as therapeutic measures for patients.
Hypoxia and low-glucose environments co-induced HGDILnc1 promote glycolysis and angiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Qing-Wei , Lin Xiao-Lu , Dai Zi-Hao , Zhao Ran , Hou Yi-Chao , Liang Qian , Zhang Yan , Ge Zhi-Zheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmall bowel vascular malformation disease (SBVM) commonly causes obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). However, the pathogenetic mechanism and the role of lncRNAs in SBVM remain largely unknown. Here, we found that hypoxia and low-glucose environments co-augment angiogenesis and existed in SBVM. Mechanistically, hypoxia and low-glucose environments supported angiogenesis via activation of hypoxia and glucose deprivation-induced lncRNA (HGDILnc1) transcription by increasing binding of the NeuroD1 transcription factor to the HGDILnc1 promoter. Raised HGDILnc1 acted as a suppressor of α-Enolase 1 (ENO1) small ubiquitin-like modifier modification (SUMOylation)-triggered ubiquitination, and an activator of transcription of Aldolase C (ALDOC) via upregulation of Histone H2B lysine 16 acetylation (H2BK16ac) level in the promoter of ALDOC, and consequently promoting glycolysis and angiogenesis. Moreover, HGDILnc1 was clinically positively correlated with Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1), ENO1, and ALDOC in SBVM tissues, and could function as a biomarker for SBVM diagnosis and therapy. These findings suggest that hypoxia and low-glucose environments were present in SBVM tissues, and co-augmented angiogenesis. Hypoxia and low-glucose environments co-induced HGDILnc1, which is higher expressed in SBVM tissue compared with normal tissue, could promoted glycolysis and angiogenesis.
Pivotal role of BCL11B in the immune, hematopoietic and nervous systems: a review of the BCL11B-associated phenotypes from the genetic perspective
Authors: García-Aznar José María , Alonso Alvarez Sara , Bernal del Castillo Teresa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transcription factor BCL11B plays an essential role in the development of central nervous system and T cell differentiation by regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in several pathways. Monoallelic defects in the BCL11B gene leading to loss-of-function are associated with a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including neurological disorders with or without immunological features and susceptibility to hematological malignancies. From the genetic point of view, the landscape of BCL11B mutations reported so far does not fully explain the genotype-phenotype correlation. In this review, we sought to compile the phenotypic and genotypic variables associated with previously reported mutations in this gene in order to provide a better understanding of the consequences of deleterious variants. We also highlight the importance of a careful evaluation of the mutation type, its location and the pattern of inheritance of the variants in order to assign the most accurate pathogenicity and actionability of the genetic findings.
Intestinal dual-specificity phosphatase 6 regulates the cold-induced gut microbiota remodeling to promote white adipose browning
Authors: Chen Pei-Chen , Tsai Tzu-Pei , Liao Yi-Chu , Liao Yu-Chieh , Cheng Hung-Wei , Weng Yi-Hsiu , Lin Chiao-Mei , Kao Cheng-Yuan , Tai Chih-Cheng , Ruan Jhen-Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGut microbiota rearrangement induced by cold temperature is crucial for browning in murine white adipose tissue. This study provides evidence that DUSP6, a host factor, plays a critical role in regulating cold-induced gut microbiota rearrangement. When exposed to cold, the downregulation of intestinal DUSP6 increased the capacity of gut microbiota to produce ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The DUSP6-UDCA axis is essential for driving Lachnospiraceae expansion in the cold microbiota. In mice experiencing cold-room temperature (CR) transitions, prolonged DUSP6 inhibition via the DUSP6 inhibitor (E/Z)-BCI maintained increased cecal UDCA levels and cold-like microbiota networks. By analyzing DUSP6-regulated microbiota dynamics in cold-exposed mice, we identified Marvinbryantia as a genus whose abundance increased in response to cold exposure. When inoculated with human-origin Marvinbryantia formatexigens, germ-free recipient mice exhibited significantly enhanced browning phenotypes in white adipose tissue. Moreover, M. formatexigens secreted the methylated amino acid Nε-methyl-L-lysine, an enriched cecal metabolite in Dusp6 knockout mice that reduces adiposity and ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Our work revealed that host-microbiota coadaptation to cold environments is essential for regulating the browning-promoting gut microbiome.
Deep learning radiomics based prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Han , Zou Liwen , Xu Nan , Shen Haiyun , Zhang Yu , Wan Peng , Wen Baojie , Zhang Xiaojing , He Yuhong , Gui Luying , Kong Wentao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) for the preoperative evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis status in patients with a newly diagnosed unifocal breast cancer. A total of 883 eligible patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative breast and axillary ultrasound were retrospectively enrolled between April 1, 2016, and June 30, 2022. The training cohort comprised 621 patients from Hospital I; the external validation cohorts comprised 112, 87, and 63 patients from Hospitals II, III, and IV, respectively. A DLR signature was created based on the deep learning and handcrafted features, and the DLRN was then developed based on the signature and four independent clinical parameters. The DLRN exhibited good performance, yielding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.914, 0.929, and 0.952 in the three external validation cohorts, respectively. Decision curve and calibration curve analyses demonstrated the favorable clinical value and calibration of the nomogram. In addition, the DLRN outperformed five experienced radiologists in all cohorts. This has the potential to guide appropriate management of the axilla in patients with breast cancer, including avoiding overtreatment.
Stoner instability-mediated large magnetoelectric effects in 2D stacking electrides
Authors: Gui Zhigang , Zhu Haiyan , Wang Zhe , Farooq M. Umar , Bellaiche Laurent , Huang Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStrong magnetoelectric effects in single-phase two-dimensional (2D) materials are extremely rare in nature. Here by first-principles calculations, we find a strong magnetoelectric coupling in polar stacking bilayer Hf2S that allows the reversal of net magnetic moments with the reversal of electric dipoles. Further analysis shows that such strong magnetoelectric effects benefit from the Stoner instability of surface Hf atoms triggered by polar stacking. Moreover, an unexpectedly large out-of-plane electric polarization (which is at least two times larger than that of bilayer BN) survives in the material, despite its metallicity. The large electric polarization is ascribed to the delocalized interlayer electrons which generally present in layered electride materials. It is quite interesting that large electric polarization, metallicity and magnetism coexist in one single-phase material. Our findings reveal rich physical phenomena to be explored in 2D stacking multiferroics and suggest an alternative way of searching for strong magnetoelectric materials with ultrathin thickness.
Pipeline quantum processor architecture for silicon spin qubits
Authors: Patomäki S. M. , Gonzalez-Zalba M. F. , Fogarty M. A. , Cai Z. , Benjamin S. C. , Morton J. J. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe propose a quantum processor architecture, the qubit ‘pipeline’, in which run-time scales additively as functions of circuit depth and run repetitions. Run-time control is applied globally, reducing the complexity of control and interconnect resources. This simplification is achieved by shuttling N-qubit states through a large layered physical array of structures which realise quantum logic gates in stages. Thus, the circuit depth corresponds to the number of layers of structures. Subsequent N-qubit states are ‘pipelined’ densely through the structures to efficiently wield the physical resources for repeated runs. Pipelining thus lends itself to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) applications, such as variational quantum eigensolvers, which require numerous repetitions of the same or similar calculations. We illustrate the architecture by describing a realisation in the naturally high-density and scalable silicon spin qubit platform, which includes a universal gate set of sufficient fidelity under realistic assumptions of qubit variability.
Observational reinforcement learning in children and young adults
Authors: Rodriguez Buritica Julia M. , Eppinger Ben , Heekeren Hauke R. , Crone Eveline A. , van Duijvenvoorde Anna C. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObservational learning is essential for the acquisition of new behavior in educational practices and daily life and serves as an important mechanism for human cognitive and social-emotional development. However, we know little about its underlying neurocomputational mechanisms from a developmental perspective. In this study we used model-based fMRI to investigate differences in observational learning and individual learning between children and younger adults. Prediction errors (PE), the difference between experienced and predicted outcomes, related positively to striatal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex activation during individual learning and showed no age-related differences. PE-related activation during observational learning was more pronounced when outcomes were worse than predicted. Particularly, negative PE-coding in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex was stronger in adults compared to children and was associated with improved observational learning in children and adults. The current findings pave the way to better understand observational learning challenges across development and educational settings.