bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of mitomycin C for maintaining myringotomy patency
Authors: Estrem Scott A. , Vanleeuwen R. Neil 
Published: November 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine whether topical mitomycin C could be used to prolong the patency of a myringotomy site in the absence of a ventilation tube. Mitomycin C is an antineoplastic agent used to maintain a patent trabeculectomy site in patients with glaucoma. The KTP laser was used to create bilateral myringotomies 0.4 mm in diameter in 28 chicks (Gallus domesticus). Mitomycin C was applied to the right myringotomy site, and sterile water, used as a control, was applied to the left myringotomy site. The animals were divided into 2 groups with group A treated with freshly prepared mitomycin C and group B treated with 2‐week‐old mitomycin C. The patency rates of the experimental ears of groups A and B were 80% and 70%, respectively, 15 days after surgery and 33% and 7.7%, respectively, at 30 days. All myringotomy sites in the control ears were healed within 5 days. Using a logistic regression model for repeated measures, we determined the odds ratio between the experimental and control myringotomies of the combined groups to be 149.1 (P = 0.0001). We conclude that mitomycin C had a significant effect in prolonging the patency of myringotomies in chick tympanic membranes. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:8‐10.)
Antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibodies augment cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents on squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Brown Deanna , Wang Robert , Russell Paul 
Published: November 2005

Recent literature by Fan et al (1993) demonstrated that addition of cisplatin and monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR MAb) of the human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), A431, eradicated gross tumors in nude mice. To determine whether a combination of either cisplatin or 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) with EGFR MAb could affect an SCC other than the A431 tumor model, an assay using 2 human tongue SCC cell lines, BroTo and SCC‐25, was performed. Cells were pretreated with 1.25 μg/mL cisplatin or 10 μg/mL 5‐FU. After a 4‐hour incubation period, cisplatin‐treated cells were washed with phosphate‐buffered saline solution. Various concentrations of EGFR MAb were then added, and after a 24‐hour incubation period, an MTT cell growth assay was performed. SCC‐25 cells exhibited a greater decrease in growth with the addition of 16 nmol/L EGFR MAb to cisplatin compared with the cytotoxicity of cisplatin alone (P < 0.001). However, this combination did not produce similar results with BroTo cells (P > 0.05). The combination of EGFR MAb and 5‐FU produced a growth inhibition versus control (unexposed cells) in both cell lines (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the possible augmentation of the activity of chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin and/or 5‐FU, with the addition of EGFR MAb on SCC cell lines other than A431. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:75‐83.)
Effect of verapamil on cholesteatoma migration in vitro
Authors: Kountakis Stilianos E. , Chang C. Y. Joseph , Minotti A. M. , Fernando R. Cabral 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVESIt was previously shown that cholesteatoma migration in vitro is influenced by the calcium concentration of the culture medium. This study was designed to determine whether the calcium channel blocker verapamil affects cholesteatoma migration in vitro.METHODSCholesteatoma cells harvested from patients with chronic ear disease were grown in culture and were exposed to culture medium containing verapamil. The migration rate of the verapamil‐exposed cells was compared with control rates.RESULTSVerapamil at 300 μg/L caused marked reduction in the rate of migration compared with control values. The migration rate returned to normal within 48 hours after verapamil was removed from the culture medium. Higher verapamil concentrations (500 μg/L) caused complete detachment of the epithelial cells from the substrate within 24 hours.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that cholesteatoma migration in vitro is calcium channel dependent and can be reduced with calcium channel blockers such as verapamil. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:91‐5.)
Patients with head and neck tumors excrete a chondroitin sulfate with a low degree of sulfation: A new tool for diagnosis and follow‐up of cancer therapy
Authors: Martins JoÃo R. M. , Gadelha Maria E. C. , Fonseca Sonia M. , Sampaio Lucia O. , Pontes Paulo A. De L. , Dietrich Carl P. , Nader Helena B. 
Published: November 2005

The chondroitin sulfate excreted in the urine of 10 patients with cancer of the head and neck and 27 healthy subjects was analyzed. The disaccharide products formed from chondroitin sulfate excreted by these 10 patients by action of chondroitinase ABC show a significant (P < 0.0001) relative increase of nonsulfated disaccharide (35.6% ± 5.7%) when compared with the nonsulfated disaccharide (10.0% ± 0.9%) present in the chondroitin sulfate of 27 healthy subjects. In 6 patients the structure of the excreted compound was analyzed up to 4 months after surgery. After removal of the cancer, the percent amounts of the nonsulfated disaccharide tend to approach the values found for the chondroitin sulfate of healthy subjects. A significant (P < 0.0001) change in the ratio of urinary chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate and a decrease in the electrophoretic migration of chondroitin sulfate were also observed. All of the patients with head and neck cancer analyzed so far have shown this structural anomaly of urinary chondroitin sulfate. This assay may be useful in the diagnosis and follow‐up of cancer therapy. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:115‐8.)
Cochlear Implantation: Minimal Hair Removal Technique
Authors: Roberson Joseph B. , Stidham Katrina R. , Scott Kenneth M. , Tonokawa Lisa 
Published: November 2005

This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and patient acceptance of minimal hair removal during cochlear implantation. Forty‐six consecutive patients (17 adults, 29 children; age range 13 months to 84 years) received cochlear implantation with a minimal hair removal technique. A questionnaire was used to evaluate acceptance and value of this technique among the first 15 patients and parents. Postoperative examinations were completed 1 and 4 weeks after implantation. Patients were monitored for complications, which included 3 cases of transient seroma, 2 cases of transient dysequilibrium, 2 individual electrode failures, and 1 facial nerve stimulation. Importantly, no wound infections were documented. Use of a small shave technique did not increase surgical risk. This technique has proved to be cosmetically and psychologically more desirable for the patients and their families than complete hair removal in the operative field.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes of Canalith Repositioning for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Nunez Robert A. , Cass Stephen P. , Furman Joseph M. , Holt G. Richard 
Published: November 2005

This is a prospective, nonrandomized study of the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) for treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). CRP was used to treat 168 patients with BPPV. Patient data were gathered by yearly telephone interviews to determine whether symptoms of position‐induced vertigo had returned. After 1 or 2 treatment sessions 91.3% of patients reported complete symptom resolution. Average follow‐up for the study population after the initial treatment was 26 months. A recurrence rate of 26.8% was found among those patients who initially reported resolution of symptoms after CRP. Application of recurrence data to a Kaplan‐Meier estimation suggests a 15% recurrence rate per year of BPPV, with a 50% recurrence rate of BPPV at 40 months after treatment. There was no significant association between cure or recurrence rate and sex, age, duration of symptoms, presumed cause, or treating physician.
Intraoperative Radiolymphoscintigraphy for Detection of Occult Nodal Metastasis in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zitsch Robert P. , Todd Daniel W. , Renner Gregory J. , Singh Amolak 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVESWe sought to determine the feasibility and utility of intraoperative radiolymphoscintigraphy as a screening procedure for the detection of occult metastatic disease in selected cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).METHODSPatients with accessible primary HNSCC and no evidence of metastatic disease who were already undergoing planned surgical resection of the primary tumor and elective neck dissection met the inclusion criteria. Before resection, a handheld gamma probe was used to find the radiolabeled sentinel lymph node (SLN). The neck specimen was examined ex vivo by using the gamma probe; the SLN or SLNs were dissected free from the specimen and sent separately for histopathologic examination.RESULTSAt least one SLN was identified in all patients enrolled thus far. Four patients had microscopic carcinoma found in the SLN. Two of these had cancer only in the SLN, and two had disease both in the SLN and the remaining specimen.CONCLUSIONSIntraoperative radiolymphoscintigraphy appears to be a feasible and promising procedure to aid the surgeon in more accurately detecting occult metastatic HNSCC.
Dynamics of Nasopharyngitis in Children
Authors: Brook Itzhak , Gober Alan E. , Gober Alan E. 
Published: November 2005

PURPOSEOur goal was to characterize the dynamics and bacterial interaction of the aerobic and anaerobic flora of nasal discharge of children at different stages of uncomplicated nasopharyngitis.METHODS AND PATIENTSSerial semiquantitative nasopharyngeal (NP) and quantitative nasal discharge (ND) cultures were taken every 3 to 5 days from 20 children in whom purulent discharge eventually developed (group 1), and a single culture was obtained from a group of 20 who had only clear discharge (group 2).RESULTSAerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all NP cultures. Bacterial growth was present in 8 (40%) NDs of group 2. Only 7 (35%) of the clear NDs of group 1 showed bacterial growth; the number increased to 14 (70%) at the mucoid stage and 20 (100%) at the purulent stage. It declined to 6 (30%) at the final clear stage. The number of species and total number of organisms increased in the NDs of group 1. Group 1 patients had higher recovery rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in their NP cultures than group 2 patients (P > 0.05). During the purulent stage, Peptostreptococcus species were isolated in 15 (75%), Fusobacterium species in 10 (50%), Prevotella species in 9 (45%), H influenzae in 8 (40%), S pneumoniae in 6 (30%), and β‐hemolytic streptococci in 5 (25%) of group 1 NDs. This was higher than their recovery in the clear stages of both groups and the mucoid stage of group 1. A total of 8 organisms capable of interfering with the growth of potential pathogens were isolated from the NPs of group 1, as compared with 35 from group 2 (P > 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe development of purulent nasopharyngitis is associated with the pre‐existing presence of potential pathogens and the absence of interfering organisms.
Postoperative Management of Pediatric Tracheostomy: Results of a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Gluth Michael B. , Maska Suzy , Nelson Joely , Otto Randal A. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEA survey was undertaken to document the postoperative care of pediatric tracheostomies by otolaryngologists.STUDY DESIGNThis study represents the results of a national survey of 564 otolaryngologists covering a broad scope of postoperative pediatric tracheostomy issues considered for patients younger than 2 years and patients older than 5 years.RESULTSOf the surveys sent, 134 responses were received, portraying a certain standard management scheme that seems to be used by most respondents.CONCLUSIONSVery little difference was seen in respondents' management of patients younger than 2 years of age as compared with those who are older than 5 years. Furthermore, agreement between actual practice and published recommendations seems to vary with some management issues. The results of this study provide a means by which otolaryngologists may familiarize themselves with national trends in the postoperative management of pediatric tracheostomies.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Magary Steven P. , Ryan Matthew W. , Tarnuzzer R. W. , Kornberg Lori 
Published: November 2005

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are known for their aggressive growth and propensity to metastasize. Invasion is facilitated by matrix metalloproteineases (MMPs). Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) negatively regulate MMP activity. MMP and TIMP expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). qRT‐PCR allows measurement of several mRNAs from as little as 4 μg of total cellular RNA. We measured MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 expression in 8 specimens of primary tumors and adjacent normal tissue. MMP‐1 was overexpressed in 6 of 8 tumors, and MMP‐9 was over‐expressed in 4 of 7 tumors. MMP‐2 was expressed in 3 of 8 tumors and 3 of 8 normal samples. TIMP‐1 was expressed in all specimens. This work demonstrates that qRT‐PCR can be used to examine expression of specific mRNAs in clinical specimens. Therefore this method provides another tool for the molecular analysis of tumors.
Comparison of Regional Recurrence Rates of Radical and Comprehensive Neck Dissection Type 3 in N0 Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Myers Eugene N. , Yilmaz Taner , Turan Ergin , Hoşal A. Şefik , Kaya Sefa 
Published: November 2005

To determine whether comprehensive neck dissection (CND) type 3 could accomplish regional tumor control as well as radical neck dissection (RND) in clinically N0 laryngeal cancer patients, we compared the regional recurrence rates of 316 N0 laryngeal cancer patients. In the 316 N0 patients, 486 neck dissections were performed. For 170 patients the dissection was bilateral, and for 146 patients it was unilateral. Of these, 193 were type 3 CNDs, and 293 were RNDs. In 30 (15.5%) of 193 type 3 CNDs and in 53 (18.1%) of 293 RNDs, metastatic lymph nodes were determined histopathologically in neck dissection specimens. The difference in cervical lymph node metastasis rates was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). During follow‐up, 3 patients who underwent CND type 3 (1.6%) and 12 who underwent RND (4.1%) had regional recurrences. The difference between recurrence rates was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). A conclusion was reached that CND type 3 safely provided regional cancer control in N0 laryngeal cancer and that it might be performed to decrease the morbidity of RND.
Securing meshed split‐thickness skin grafts with 2‐octylcyanoacrylate
Authors: Tamez Oscar A. , Mcguff Howard S. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Otto Randal A. 
Published: November 2005

Meshed split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs) secured with 2‐octylcyanoacrylate (2‐OCA) were compared with meshed STSGs secured by suture and bolster (S&B). The 2 techniques were compared for graft survival, foreign‐body giant cell response, inflammatory response, appearance, texture, and application time. Sixteen 2.5 × 2.5 cm meshed STSGs were harvested from the dorsa of 2 pigs for a total of 32 grafts. On each pig 8 grafts were sprayed with 2‐OCA, and the other 8 were secured with S&B. Evaluations were performed on postoperative days 14, 24, 48, and 56. Biopsy specimens were obtained on postoperative days 14 and 56. There were no significant differences in percent survival, foreign‐body giant cell response, inflammatory response, and appearance between control and study grafts. The average time to apply the 2‐OCA onto a graft was 3 seconds, compared with 8 minutes for S&B application. 2‐OCA provides a quick and reliable means of securing meshed STSGs and would be especially useful in areas where it is difficult to use S&B, such as total maxillectomy defects.
Results of tympanoplasty with titanium prostheses
Authors: Wang Xijun , Song Jiangshun , Wang Hongnan , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: November 2005

To improve the hearing results associated with tympanoplasty, we performed the operation in 113 cases (124 ears) using ossicular replacement prostheses made of titanium. The results demonstrated that among all the operated ears, 115 of 124 (92.7%) had a hearing gain of more than 10 dB. The average improvement of pure‐tone hearing was 24.6 dB, and the average reduction of the air‐bone gap was 23.2 dB. No rejection reaction or recurrent cholesteatoma was found. This operative technique, based on animal experiments and applied anatomic study of the suprastapedial structure in human beings, has had a good rate of success and has resulted in remarkable hearing improvement of a relatively large magnitude. The application of a new material—titanium—which has high biocompatibility with human body tissues, is in large measure the reason for this success. The ossicular replacement prosthesis was appropriately designed and manufactured. It fit well, could be tightly joined to the suprastapedial structure, and was difficult to displace. We also adopted the method of enlarging the tympanic isthmus, which led to good aeration of the mastoid and attic, resulting in the best state of mobility of the tympanic membrane. All these factors contributed to the effective hearing gain.
Salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in anterior marginal miss after radiotherapy
Authors: Shu Chih‐Hung , Shiau Cheng‐Ying , Chi Kwan‐Hwa , Yen Sang‐Hue , Li Wing‐Yin 
Published: November 2005

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is treated primarily by radiotherapy. Marginal miss after radiotherapy is a potential cause for treatment failure in NPC. Anterior marginal miss after irradiation results in recurrent tumors in the nasal cavity outside the nasopharynx. From 1991 to January 1997, 6 recurrent NPCs arising in the anterior marginal miss zone after radiotherapy were confirmed by pathologic and radiologic evaluation. One patient had infiltrating growth of the original NPC tumor into the anterior part of nasal septum, and the other 5 had microscopic extensions from the original NPC tumors into the nasal cavity that were beyond detection by endoscopy or CT scan. In some cases the tumors extended further to include the hard palate or the lacrimal sac. Medial maxillectomy and partial maxillectomy with or without resection of the hard palate were necessary to encompass the extent of the tumors. Surgical margins were free of cancer cells in 5 patients. No further treatment was given in these 5 patients. Another patient with tumor extending to the lacrimal sac received postoperative radiotherapy. Five of the 6 patients survived with no evidence of disease for 8 to 65 months. One patient had distant metastasis 14 months after surgery but was free from tumor at the primary site. Radical surgery can result in good and sustained local control for anterior marginal miss of NPC after radiotherapy. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:622–6.)
Outcome of reflux therapy on pediatric chronic sinusitis
Authors: Bothwell Marcella R. , Parsons David S. , Talbot Andrew , Barbero Giulio J. , Wilder Barbara 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEThe cause of pediatric chronic sinusitis is multifactorial, but nasal edema appears to be the initial pathologic step. The objective of this study is to evaluate gastronasal reflux as a possible cause of pediatric sinusitis.METHODSThirty children with chronic sinusitis were believed to be appropriate candidates for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Children were evaluated retrospectively for their response to reflux therapy with regard to their sinus symptoms and avoidance of sinus surgery.RESULTSTwo of the 30 children were eventually excluded because they were taken to surgery for the specific purpose of contact point release. Chart review at 24‐month follow‐up indicated that 25 of the 28 children (89%) avoided sinus surgery.CONCLUSIONAfter reflux treatment, the number of children requiring sinus surgery was dramatically reduced. The results of this preliminary pediatric study indicate that gastronasal reflux should be evaluated and treated before sinus surgical intervention.
Comparison of postoperative cardiopulmonary examinations and chest radiographs to detect pulmonary complications after adult tracheotomy
Authors: Park Steven Y. , Smith Richard V. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of clinical cardiopulmonary examination compared with that of chest radiography in detecting postoperative pulmonary complications after tracheotomy in adults.METHODSOne hundred consecutive patients undergoing tracheotomy were evaluated. Pulmonary complications were recorded, and the effectiveness of the physical examination was compared with that of the chest x‐ray in detecting these complications. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, urgency of the procedure, and anesthetic technique were evaluated to determine any relationship to postoperative complications.RESULTSOf the 100 patients, 87 patients underwent postoperative chest radiography, and all patients had postoperative cardiopulmonary examinations. One patient (1%) had a bilateral pneumothorax, which was detected clinically and confirmed by a chest radiograph. Five patients had postoperative pulmonary edema confirmed by clinical examination and radiography. Additional minor complications were noted, including minor bleeding and stomal infection, for an overall complication rate of 13%.CONCLUSIONSAll postoperative pulmonary complications were detected by physical examination. Therefore routine postoperative chest radiographs in uncomplicated tracheotomies are not necessary if a thorough postoperative cardiopulmonary examination is performed. Cost analysis reveals a savings of approximately $19,000 with the proposed criteria for postoperative chest x‐ray.
Effect of topical antibiotic therapy on recovery after tonsillectomy in adults
Authors: Mann Eric A. , Blair Elizabeth A. , Levy Allen J. , Chang Audrey 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVESystemic antibiotics given during the first week after tonsillectomy appear to be effective in reducing postoperative morbidity. We assessed the effectiveness of perioperative topical antibiotic rinses in reducing posttonsillectomy morbidity.METHODSA randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled pilot study of 36 patients undergoing tonsillectomy was used to evaluate the effects of a standard 7‐day systemic regimen of perioperative intravenous ampicillin/oral amoxicillin and 2 single‐day topical antibiotic regimens: (1) clindamycin (Cleocin) and (2) amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) and ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin).RESULTSMean aerobic and anaerobic oral bacterial counts were decreased in both topical treatment groups compared with the placebo group on the first postoperative day, achieving statistical significance with Augmentin/Timentin (aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts) and Cleocin (aerobic counts). Significantly less postoperative pain and mouth odor were reported for both Cleocin (P = 0.014 and P = 0.005, respectively) and Augmentin/Timentin (P = 0.026 and P = 0.05, respectively) topical treatment groups when compared with the placebo group.CONCLUSIONSPreliminary results indicate a reduction in oral bacterial counts and postoperative morbidity in adult patients receiving topical antibiotics compared with patients receiving placebo; further investigation is warranted.