bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Functionated Structure and Nanomechanical Property Profiles of Silsesquioxane Films and Bulks
Authors: Hu Lijiang , Wang Di , Lu Zushun , Song Yanwei , Song Changmei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree silsesquioxane (SSO) building blocks based on [3‐(methacryloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (MPMS), [(3‐glycidoxy)propyl] trimethoxysilane (GPMS), (vinyl)trimethoxysilane (VMS) and modified with 15 wt‐% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were prepared using hydrolytic condensation. The hardness, elastic modulus and harmonic contact stiffness for three films [f‐MTSSO (film‐MPMS‐TEOS‐SSO), f‐GTSSO and f‐VTSSO] and bulks (b‐MTSSO, b‐GTSSO and b‐VTSSO) derived from the three SSOs were tested by instrument‐indentation testing. Different profiles of nanomechanical properties of the films can be attributed to a different functionality and the functionated structure of the different SSOs. The f‐MTSSO shows better mechanical properties which are higher than the other two films containing more OH or OCH3 groups. For the f‐GTSSO with a bulky organic substituent, the unsatisfactory properties resulting from ring opening during hydrolytic condensation and an incomplete crosslinking network are discussed. However, the nanomechanical properties of the three bulks are very different from the corresponding nanomechanical properties of their films: b‐VTSSO possesses the best nanomechanical properties (note: not b‐MTSSO) among three bulks due to the differences in reaction conditions and chain less flexibility which are also discussed.
Influence of Titanium Tetrabutoxide on Nanoindentation and Nanoscratch Profiles of Silsesquioxane Films
Authors: Hu Lijiang , Wang Di , Lu Zushun , Song Yanwei , Song Changmei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBased on silsesquioxanes (SSO) derived from the hydrolytic condensation of [3‐(glacildoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (GPMS), 20 wt‐% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and titanium tetrabutoxide (TTB), two‐layer SSO films were prepared for nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests. The tests were carried out to study the influence of different amounts of TTB in the two‐layer hybrid films on hardness (H), elastic modulus (E) and scratch (S) testing profiles. The H profiles of the modified films showed two kinds of H corresponding to the two–layer structure. In the S testing profiles, all final–scan profiles did not absolutely coincide or overlap with the first–scan profiles. All S profiles revealed a fluctuanting characteristic and all S profiles can be divided into two regions in the horizontal displacement, because of the two‐layer structure. The film containing an adequate amount of TTB (20 wt‐%) was found to possess the largest H and E, as well as the best S resistance.
Double‐Layered Metal Mesh Film With Limited Viewing Angle Prepared by Electroless Plating of Self‐Organized Honeycomb Film
Authors: Yabu Hiroshi , Hirai Yuji , Matsuo Yasutaka , Ijiro Kuniharu , Shimomura Masatsugu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe have reported that honeycomb‐like porous polymer films, which were spontaneously formed in the casting of polymer solutions under humid conditions, were converted into honeycomb‐like metal meshes by electroless plating. In this report, the unique optical properties of these meshes will be discussed. Silver‐coated honeycomb mesh films were prepared by selforganization and electroless plating methods. The incident angle dependence of their transparency, and their electrical conductivity were measured. The metallized film had limited viewing angle.
Formation of Polymer Nanolayers with Special Properties at Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Samaryk Volodymyr , Varvarenko Sergiy , Tarnavchyk Ihor , Nosova Nataliya , Puzko Nataliia , Voronov Stanislav 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA principal possibility of the utilization of polymer peroxides for the modification of polymer surfaces that provides an immobilization of the tailored quantity of peroxide groups at them has been established. The processes of polymer surface activation with following “grafting from” or “grafting to” utilizing immobilized peroxide groups has been studied using a FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy, ellipsometry and measurements of contact angles. The proposed technique of polymer surface activation is based on the universal ability of carbon chain polymer to participate the free radical reactions.
Endothelin‐1 enhances the expression of the androgen receptor via activation of the c‐myc pathway in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lee June G. , Zheng Rong , McCafferty‐Cepero Jennifer M. , Burnstein Kerry L. , Nanus David M. , Shen Ruoqian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that androgen independent prostate cancer (PC) maintains a functional androgen receptor (AR) pathway despite the low levels of circulating androgen following androgen withdrawal, the molecular mechanisms of which are not well defined yet. To address this question, we investigated the effects of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) on AR expression. Western analysis and RT‐PCR revealed that in the presence of ET‐1, levels of AR significantly increased in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in LNCaP cells. Pretreatments with inhibitors of Src and phosphoinositide kinase 3 (PI‐3K) suppressed ET‐1‐induced AR expression. As ET‐1 was reported to cause a transient increase in c‐myc mRNA levels, we examined the involvement of c‐myc in ET‐1‐mediated AR expression. Transient transfection of c‐myc siRNA neutralized ET‐1‐induced AR expression, suggesting that AR induction by ET‐1 is c‐myc dependent. AR can regulate the transcription of its own gene via a mechanism in which c‐myc plays a crucial role. Therefore, we assessed if ET‐1‐induced‐c‐myc leads to the enhancement of AR transcription. Reporter gene assays using the previously identified AR gene enhancer containing a c‐myc binding site were conducted in LNCaP cells. We found that ET‐1 induced reporter gene activity from the construct containing the wild‐type but not mutant c‐myc binding site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ET‐1 increased interaction between c‐myc and c‐myc binding sites in AR enhancer, suggesting that ET‐1‐induced AR transcription occurs via c‐myc‐mediated AR transcription. Together, these data support the notion that ET‐1, via Src/PI‐3K signaling, augments c‐myc expression leading to enhanced AR expression in PC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtype selective kainic acid receptor agonists: Discovery and approaches to rational design
Authors: Bunch Lennart , Krogsgaard‐Larsen Povl 
Published: July 2008

Abstract(S)‐Glutamic acid (Glu) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, activating the plethora of glutamate receptors (GluRs). In broad lines, the GluRs are divided into two major classes: the ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluRs) and the metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluRs). Within the iGluRs, five subtypes (KA1, KA2, iGluR5‐7) show high affinity and express full agonist activity upon binding of the naturally occurring amino acid kainic acid (KA). Thus these receptors have been named the KA receptors. This review describes all—to our knowledge—published KA receptor agonists. In total, over 100 compounds are described by means of chemical structure and available pharmacological data. With this perspective review, it is our intention to ignite and stimulate inspiration for future design and synthesis of novel subtype selective KA receptor agonists. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 1, 3–28, 2009
Reconstruction of reflex pathways to the atonic bladder after conus medullaris injury: Preliminary clinical results
Authors: Lin Haodong , Hou Chun‐Lin , Zhong Guibin , Xie Qingpin , Wang Shibo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNeurogenic bladder dysfunction following spinal cord injury is a major medical and social problem for which there is no ideal treatment strategy. In this study, spinal root anastomoses were performed in 10 paraplegic patients with traumatic lesions of the conus medullaris, in an attempt to reinnervate the paralyzed bladder. For the operation, the functional T11 ventral root (VR) above the lesion was transected and anastomosed to the S2 ventral roots unilaterally through a nerve graft. The T11 dorsal root was left intact as the trigger for micturition after axonal regeneration. All patients underwent urodynamic evaluation before surgery and at follow‐up. The mean follow‐up duration was 2 years. Of the 10 patients, 7 (70%) regained satisfactory bladder control within 18–24 months after VR microanastomosis. In these seven patients, the average bladder capacity decreased from 508 ± 83 (mean ± SD) to 370 ± 59 ml, residual urine decreased from 477 ± 98 to 35 ± 11 ml, and urinary infections were not observed. Patients with impaired renal function experienced a full recovery. Three patients failed to show any improvement after the operation. These results suggest that a restitutive process occurs in the bladder following reinnervation from new T11 VR connections to the bladder nerves. Spinal cord lesions that may benefit from such a nerve crossover surgery are those located at the conus, whereby a functional suprasacral nerve can be connected to the sacral roots to bypass the injury in an attempt to restore central connections to the bladder. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
A critical evaluation of the concomitant use of the implantable Doppler probe and the Vacuum Assisted Closure system in free tissue transfer
Authors: Bannasch H. , Iblher N. , Penna V. , Torio N. , Felmerer G. , Stark G. B. , Momeni A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroduction of the Vacuum‐Assisted Closure (V.A.C.) system has revolutionized the approach to a multitude of clinical settings. Yet, its use precludes adequate clinical monitoring of skin‐grafted free flaps, thus, making a reliable monitoring system essential if broad clinical application is aspired. In a clinical study, the usefulness of the combination of the V.A.C. and implantable Doppler probe was critically evaluated in patients with microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction. We retrospectively analyzed the usefulness of the implantable Doppler probe in five consecutive patients treated in our department from January to July 2007. Inclusion criteria were lower extremity reconstruction by means of skin‐grafted free tissue transfers with subsequent application of the V.A.C. device. Five consecutive patients (four males, one female) with a mean age of 37.8 years (range, 8–58 years) matched the criteria mentioned above. Of note, the two pediatric patients (8‐year‐old male and 12‐year‐old female) suffered from significant posttraumatic stress disorder necessitating concomitant psychological care by the Department of Psychiatry. All flaps healed uneventfully displaying no signs of vascular compromise. Interpretation of the Doppler signal was simple and well received by the nursing staff. The combination of V.A.C. and the implantable Doppler probe enhances patient comfort due to a reduction of the number of dressing changes while still allowing continuous free flap monitoring. Interpretation of the signal transmitted by the probe is simple and potentially reduces misinterpretations due to different levels of experience. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
A massive arterial thrombosis of a free anterolateral thigh flap in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Salgarello M. , Cervelli D. , Barone‐Adesi L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe antiphospholipid syndrome is a pathological condition characterized by recurrent thrombotic manifestations in venous and/or arterial vascular systems and by peculiar laboratory findings as anticardiolipin antibodies and/or positive lupus anticoagulant. We present a case of massive pedicle thrombosis of a free anterolateral thigh perforator flap used for tongue reconstruction following hemiglossectomy in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome, which compelled us to an immediate second reconstruction choice with a radial forearm free flap. This case is an example of how this syndrome, especially if unknown before surgery, can influence the outcome of microsurgical transfer of flaps. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Effect of adrenergic stimulation on cutaneous microcirculation immediately after surgical adventitiectomy in a rat skin flap model
Authors: Lecoq Jean‐Pierre H. , Joris Jean L. , Nelissen Xavier P. , Lamy Maurice L. , Heymans Olivier Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChronic sympathetic denervation leads to the development of supersentivity to adrenergic agents. Free flap surgery results in the disruption of the autonomic nerve fibers running along the anastomosed vessels. We therefore investigated the early effect of surgical sympathectomy on the reactivity of cutaneous microcirculation challenged to adrenergic agents. Two epigastric flaps were elevated and exposed in 15 rats. On the right flap (Side A), a circular adventitiectomy of the feeder vessels was realized to provide surgical sympathectomy. On the left flap (Side N), vessels were kept intact. The following drugs were then given intravenously successively: phenylephrine (10 and 15 μg kg−1), norepinephrine (10 μg kg−1), prazocin (1 mg kg−1) followed by norepinephrine (10 μg kg−1). Cutaneous microcirculation was assessed using Laser‐Doppler Flowmeters simultaneously on the two flaps after each drug administration. Mean arterial pressure was also measured. On side N, phenylephrine and norepinephrine resulted in a transient increase in cutaneous microcirculation followed by a more prolonged reduction. On side A, only the initial increase was observed, which was greater and longer as compared with side N, and paralleled the increase in mean arterial pressure. After prazocin pre‐treatment, norepinephrine produced a transient increase in cutaneous microcirculation similar on both sides, and parallel to the changes in arterial pressure. No decrease in cutaneous microcirculation was observed. Immediately after surgical adventitiectomy, the vasoconstriction produced by α‐adrenergic agents is prevented. No denervation‐induced hypersentivity is observed. Surgical sympathectomy might protect cutaneous flaps from vasoconstriction induced by endogenous catecholamines release. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Extended left colon interposition for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction using distal‐end arterial enhancement
Authors: Lu Hung‐I , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Chien Chin‐Yen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with colon interposition, the oral segment of colon graft suffers from high incidence of ischemia necrosis. This leads to increased rate of fistula formation and hence increased mortality. This study described an arterial enhancement procedure for uncomplicated colon interposition. Five patients who had undergone pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with extended left colon interposition were reviewed, all of whom had advanced hypopharyngeal cancer with cervical esophagus invasion. Insufficient blood supply of the distal colon was noted following pharyngocolostomy. Arterial enhancement from the distal end of the sigmoid artery branch to the superior thyroid artery (four cases) or facial artery (one case) was performed. All patients displayed good circulation and peristalsis of colon interposition graft perioperatively. The pharyngocolostomy junction was free of leakage and colon graft necrosis. Barium study revealed a wide patent anastomosis postoperatively. Patients tolerated regular diet without problems following discharge. This demonstrated distal arterial enhancement procedure during extended colon interposition is a feasible technique for preventing serious complications for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Simple and reliable way in sternum wound coverage—Tripedicle pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap
Authors: Chou Erh‐Kang , Tai Yu‐Tzu , Chen Hung‐Chi , Chen Kuang‐Te 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Sternotomy wound infection requires radically debridements and need secondary reconstruction of the resulting defect. Pectoralis major muscular or musculocutaneous flap is quite common in sternal wound closure. We modified the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap design: bipedicle advancement cutaneous flap combined with thoracoacromial myocutaneous perforators, as a “tripedicle” fashion. We tried to utilize the cutaneous pedicle to provide a reliable skin coverage and decrease the wound dehiscence rate in lower one third sternal wound. Methods: Four patients undergoing median sternotomy surgery between 2004 and 2007 suffered from sternal wound infection and received tri‐pedicle pectoralis major musculocutaneous flaps transfer. Results: No skin paddle necrosis or wound dehiscence occurred in the postoperative course. Cosmetically and chest stability were satisfactory without complains about the daily activity. Conclusions: Tripedicle pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap is a simple and reliable technique to cover sternal wound defect necessitating resurfacing surgery. The blood supply to the skin paddle can be enriched by the superior and inferior cutaneous pedicle and the wound dehiscence rate is decreased with this technique. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Medication‐induced mitochondrial damage and disease
Authors: Neustadt John , Pieczenik Steve R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSince the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health and disease. Damage to mitochondria is now understood to play a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Medications have now emerged as a major cause of mitochondrial damage, which may explain many adverse effects. All classes of psychotropic drugs have been documented to damage mitochondria, as have stain medications, analgesics such as acetaminophen, and many others. While targeted nutrient therapies using antioxidants or their prescursors (e. g.,N‐acetylcysteine) hold promise for improving mitochondrial function, there are large gaps in our knowledge. The most rational approach is to understand the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial damage for specific medications and attempt to counteract their deleterious effects with nutritional therapies. This article reviews our basic understanding of how mitochondria function and how medications damage mitochondria to create their occasionally fatal adverse effects.
Design and implementation of Anycast communication model in IPv6
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Qian Huanyan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe existing designs for providing Anycast services are either to confine each Anycast group to a preconfigured topological region or to distribute members of Anycast groups over global regions. The former brings an Anycast scalability problem and the latter causes the routing tables to grow proportionally to the number of all global Anycast groups in the entire Internet. Therefore, both of the above designs restrict and hinder the application and development of Anycast services. A new kind of Anycast communication model is proposed in this paper which solves some existing problems, such as scalability and communication errors between clients and servers. In this paper, the Anycast communication model is analyzed in depth and discussed, and the experimental data of this Anycast communication model demonstrate its feasibility and validity.
Security management of mutually trusted domains through cooperation of defensive technologies
Authors: Kao Shang‐Juh , Shiue Lai‐Ming 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA number of defensive technologies have been proposed for the prevention of security threats. However, these defensive technologies are implemented independently without cooperation among various network domains. In this paper, different administrative networks are leagued to form a federative network environment called a trusted domain. From the perspective of a network manager, there is a need to integrate diverse technologies into an effective defensive system among mutually trusted domains. An imperative task for security management is to put in place a shared defensive mechanism, or protective shield, for multiple domains. A cooperative approach to provide such a shared defensive system is presented with integration of both intra‐domain and inter‐domain defensive mechanisms. The simulation results show that, through sharing the defensive information, the firewall system can successfully detect and filter the repeated intrusions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chebyshev polynomial approximation for high‐order partial differential equations with complicated conditions
Authors: Akyüz‐Dascioglu Aysegül 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, a new method is presented for the solution of high‐order linear partial differential equations (PDEs) with variable coefficients under the most general conditions. The method is based on the approximation by the truncated double Chebyshev series. PDE and conditions are transformed into the matrix equations, which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations with the unknown Chebyshev coefficients, via Chebyshev collocation points. Combining these matrix equations and then solving the system yields the Chebyshev coefficients of the solution function. Some numerical results are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
A taphonomic study of bone modification and of tooth‐mark patterns on long limb bone portions by suids
Authors: Domínguez‐Solera S. D. , Domínguez‐Rodrigo M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis work presents new taphonomic data on bone modification by suids, including domestic pig, wild and hybrid boars. The intense modification undergone by bones from animals smaller than 100 kg is shown, together with a more moderate modification on bones from larger animals. Both the ravaging pattern (with preferential deletion of cancellous tissue) and the tooth‐marking frequencies are similar to those documented among hyenas and dogs when having primary access to complete bones. A dual‐patterned experimental model consisting of the interaction of humans and suids was also considered. Here it is shown how suid modification of hammerstone‐broken bone assemblages is different from that documented among canids and hyaenids, as experimentally replicated. These results increase the number of non‐anthropogenic bone‐modifying agents and posit new issues on equifinality processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.