bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diethoxyphosphoryloxy‐oleanolic acid is a nanomolar‐inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Petrova Anastasiya V. , Poptsov Alexandr I. , Heise Niels V. , Csuk René , Kazakova Oxana B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA series of new betulin, lupeol, erythrodiol, and oleanolic acid phosphoryloxy‐ and furoyloxy‐derivatives has been synthesized and their structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds were subjected to Ellman's assays to determine their ability to inhibit the enzymes AChE and BChE. Among them, diethoxyphosphoryloxy‐oleanolic acid inhibited BChE with a value of 99%, thereby acting as a mixed‐type inhibitor holding very low Ki values of Ki = 6.59 nM and Ki’ = 1.97 nM, respectively.
Theory and application of TTFields in newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Yu Ao , Zeng Juan , Yu Jinhui , Cao Shuo , Li Ailin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. TTFields is a therapy that use intermediate‐frequency and low‐intensity alternating electric fields to treat tumors. For patients with ndGBM, the addition of TTFields after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy phase of the Stupp regimen can improve prognosis. However, TTFields still has the potential to further prolong the survival of ndGBM patients.AimBy summarizing the mechanism and application status of TTFields in the treatment of ndGBM, the application prospect of TTFields in ndbm treatment is prospected.MethodsWe review the recent literature and included 76 articles to summarize the mechanism of TTfields in the treatment of ndGBM. The current clinical application status and potential health benefits of TTFields in the treatment of ndGBM are also discussed.ResultsTTFields can interfere with tumor cell mitosis, lead to tumor cell apoptosis and increased autophagy, hinder DNA damage repair, induce ICD, activate tumor immune microenvironment, reduce cancer cell metastasis and invasion, and increase BBB permeability. TTFields combines with chemoradiotherapy has made progress, its optimal application time is being explored and the problems that need to be considered when retaining the electrode patches for radiotherapy are further discussed. TTFields shows potential in combination with immunotherapy, antimitotic agents, and PARP inhibitors, as well as in patients with subtentorial gliomas.ConclusionThis review summarizes mechanisms of TTFields in the treatment of ndGBM, and describes the current clinical application of TTFields in ndGBM. Through the understanding of its principle and application status, we believe that TTFields still has the potential to further prolong the survival of ndGBM patients. Thus,research is still needed to explore new ways to combine TTFields with other therapies and optimize the use of TTFields to realize its full potential in ndGBM patients.
The association of postoperative morbidity and age on 5‐year survival after colorectal surgery in the elderly population: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ose Ilze , Rosen Andreas Weinberger , Bräuner Karoline , Colov Emilie Barbara Palmgren , Christensen Mathilde Glud , Mashkoor Maliha , Vogelsang Rasmus Peuliche , Gögenur Ismail , Bojesen Rasmus Dahlin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the association of age and postoperative morbidity on 5‐year overall survival (OS) after elective surgery for colorectal cancer.MethodPatients undergoing elective, curatively intended surgery for colorectal cancer Union for International Cancer Control Stages I–III between January 2014 and December 2019 were selected from four Danish nationwide healthcare databases. Patients were divided into four groups: group I 65–69 years old; group II 70–74 years old; group III 75–79 years old; and group IV ≥80 years old. Propensity score matching was used to reduce potential confounding bias. The primary outcome was the association of age and postoperative morbidity with 5‐year OS. The secondary outcome was conditional survival, given that the patient had already survived the first 90 days after surgery.ResultsAfter propensity score matching with a 1:1 ratio, group II contained 2221 patients; group III 952 patients; and group IV 320 patients. There was no significant difference in 5‐year OS between group I (reference) and groups II and III (P = 0.4 and P = 0.9, respectively). Patients with severe postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery had a significantly decreased OS (P < 0.01); however, when patients who died within the first 90 days were excluded from the analysis, the differences in 5‐year OS were less pronounced across all age groups.ConclusionPostoperative morbidity, and not patient age, was associated with a lower 5‐year OS. Long‐term survival for patients who experience a complication is similar to patients who did not have a complication when conditioning on 90 days of survival.
Cortical tracking of visual rhythmic speech by 5‐ and 8‐month‐old infants: Individual differences in phase angle relate to language outcomes up to 2 years
Authors: Choisdealbha Áine Ní , Attaheri Adam , Rocha Sinead , Mead Natasha , Olawole‐Scott Helen , Alfaro e Oliveira Maria , Brough Carmel , Brusini Perrine , Gibbon Samuel , Boutris Panagiotis , Grey Christina , Williams Isabel , Flanagan Sheila , Goswami Usha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is known that the rhythms of speech are visible on the face, accurately mirroring changes in the vocal tract. These low‐frequency visual temporal movements are tightly correlated with speech output, and both visual speech (e.g., mouth motion) and the acoustic speech amplitude envelope entrain neural oscillations. Low‐frequency visual temporal information (‘visual prosody’) is known from behavioural studies to be perceived by infants, but oscillatory studies are currently lacking. Here we measure cortical tracking of low‐frequency visual temporal information by 5‐ and 8‐month‐old infants using a rhythmic speech paradigm (repetition of the syllable ‘ta’ at 2 Hz). Eye‐tracking data were collected simultaneously with EEG, enabling computation of cortical tracking and phase angle during visual‐only speech presentation. Significantly higher power at the stimulus frequency indicated that cortical tracking occurred across both ages. Further, individual differences in preferred phase to visual speech related to subsequent measures of language acquisition. The difference in phase between visual‐only speech and the same speech presented as auditory‐visual at 6‐ and 9‐months was also examined. These neural data suggest that individual differences in early language acquisition may be related to the phase of entrainment to visual rhythmic input in infancy.Research Highlights
Infant preferred phase to visual rhythmic speech predicts language outcomes.
Significant cortical tracking of visual speech is present at 5 and 8 months.
Phase angle to visual speech at 8 months predicted greater receptive and productive vocabulary at 24 months.
Oral health students' perceptions of the learning environment in Australia and New Zealand: A DREEM study
Authors: Pritchard L. , Keshoor S. , Eley D. , Beckett D. , Bromage A. , Knevel R. , Satur J. , Stormon N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionOral Health Therapists (OHTs) are a growing workforce globally, with skills in oral health prevention, treatment planning and management of disease. These professionals receive their training through a three‐year undergraduate program which leads to the Bachelor of Oral Health degree in Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this study was to describe the learning environment for OHT students in Australia and New Zealand. OHT students were requested to complete the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) to indicate their perceptions of the environment of their educational program.Materials and MethodsBachelor of Oral Health students from 10 universities in Australia and New Zealand were invited to participate in the survey. The analysis of the students' experiences focused on five domains of educational environment: learning, teaching, academic self‐perception, atmosphere and social self‐perception. Total DREEM scores were compared to previously published literature for other health professions students.ResultsA total of 336 OHT students completed the study, which represented 30% of all OHT students enrolled in the 10 participating universities. Using the DREEM, participants perception of the environment was more positive than negative with an average DREEM total score of 141 (70.5%) out of a maximum score of 200. The model demonstrates university region to be a major predictor in the overall DREEM score, with regional universities scoring higher than urban universities (p = .012).ConclusionsThe DREEM was used to describe OHT students perceptions of the learning environment in Australia and New Zealand. This study found that the university region is a significant predictor of positive experiences for OHT students. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of contemporary Oral Health programs, this study offers insights into future improvements.
Participatory soil citizen science: An unexploited resource for European soil research
Authors: Mason Eloise , Gascuel‐Odoux Chantal , Aldrian Ulrike , Sun Hao , Miloczki Julia , Götzinger Sophia , Burton Victoria J. , Rienks Froukje , Di Lonardo Sara , Sandén Taru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoils are key components of our ecosystems and provide 95%–99% of our food. This importance is reflected by an increase in participatory citizen science projects on soils. Citizen science is a participatory research method that actively involves and engages the public in scientific enquiry to generate new knowledge or understanding. Here, we review past and current citizen science projects on agricultural soils across Europe. We conducted a web‐based survey and described 24 reviewed European citizen science projects in the light of the 10 principles of citizen science and identified success factors for citizen science. Over 66% of the projects generated soil biodiversity data; 54% and 42% of the projects generated data on vegetation cover and soil organic carbon, respectively. Our findings show that soil citizen science projects aligned with the 10 principles of citizen science offer an unexploited resource for European soil health research. We conclude that promoting co‐creation, fostering knowledge‐sharing networks and enabling long‐term communication and commitment with citizens are success factors for further development of citizen science on soils.
Nonrandom foraging and resource distributions affect the relationships between host density, contact rates and parasite transmission
Authors: Gajewski Zachary , McElmurray Philip , Wojdak Jeremy , McGregor Cari , Zeller Lily , Cooper Hannah , Belden Lisa K. , Hopkins Skylar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNonrandom foraging can cause animals to aggregate in resource dense areas, increasing host density, contact rates and pathogen transmission, but when should nonrandom foraging and resource distributions also have density‐independent effects? Here, we used a factorial experiment with constant resource and host densities to quantify host contact rates across seven resource distributions. We also used an agent‐based model to compare pathogen transmission when host movement was based on random foraging, optimal foraging or something between those states. Nonrandom foraging strongly depressed contact rates and transmission relative to the classic random movement assumptions used in most epidemiological models. Given nonrandom foraging in the agent‐based model and experiment, contact rates and transmission increased with resource aggregation and average distance to resource patches due to increased host movement in search of resources. Overall, we describe three density‐independent mechanisms by which host behaviour and resource distributions alter contact rate functions and pathogen transmission.
Poleward catch displacement of blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Possible effect of increasing water temperatures
Authors: Cardoso Luís Gustavo , Sant'Ana Rodrigo , de Araújo Freire Marcio , Weigert Stefan Cruz , Poubel Marina , Bezerra Natalia Alves , dos Santos Rodrigues Lucas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBlackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus often inhabits warm waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from 40°N (Cape Cod, USA) to 22°S (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). We recorded the first catches of the species in southern Brazil (34°S) and described its new distribution and fishing grounds. Since 2007, annual catches per trip and frequency of blackfin tuna landings increased for three oceanic fishing fleets in Southern Brazil. The spatial distribution of higher catches and the center of gravity of spatial fishing records moved poleward. Sea surface temperature anomalies for the region warmed from 1960 to 2019, and anomalies were primarily positive after 2000. Evidence suggests that the distribution of blackfin tuna moved poleward by six degrees of latitude (~660 km). The causes of this distribution extension were unclear, but ocean warming was the most likely driver.
Accessing care for Long Covid from the perspectives of patients and healthcare practitioners: A qualitative study
Authors: Turk Fidan , Sweetman Jennifer , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Gabbay Mark , Shepherd Jessie , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina ,   STIMULATE‐ICP Consortium
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLong Covid is an emerging long‐term condition, with those affected raising concerns about lack of healthcare support.ObjectiveWe conducted a qualitative study to identify facilitators and barriers to healthcare access for people with Long Covid, aiming to enhance our understanding of the specific nature of these barriers and how patient experiences may vary.Setting and ParticipantsIn the context of the Symptoms, Trajectory, Inequalities and Management: Understanding Long‐COVID to Address and Transform Existing Integrated Care Pathways (STIMULATE‐ICP) Delphi study, a nationally distributed online survey was conducted. Eight patients and eight healthcare practitioners (HCP) were interviewed via telephone or video call. Framework analysis, sensitised by the candidacy theory, was used to identify barriers and facilitators over four levels of access to care.ResultsThree themes were identified: (i) patients' efforts to navigate emerging pathways for Long Covid, (ii) the patient–HCP interaction and (iii) service resources and structural constraints. Barriers to specialist care included long waiting times, communication gaps across services and a lack of continuity in care. Facilitators included collaborative, patient‐centred approaches, patients' active role in their healthcare and blended approaches for appointments. The perspectives of both patients and HCPs largely aligned.DiscussionThe candidacy framework was valuable in understanding the experiences of people with Long Covid seeking access to healthcare. Individuals perceived themselves as eligible for care, but they often encountered obstacles in obtaining the expected level of care or, in some cases, did not receive it at all. Our findings are discussed in the context of the candidacy model through multiple processes of identification, negotiation, permeability and appearances at health services. These themes seem to be especially important for the emerging new pathway model and are relevant to both primary and secondary care.ConclusionsThis study highlights that despite these interviews being conducted two years after the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, people with Long Covid still struggle to access healthcare, emphasising the ongoing need to provide equitable timely healthcare access for people with Long Covid.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with Long Covid advised on all stages of this research.
Growth of infants delivered by mothers with HIV in Guangxi, China: An 18‐month longitudinal follow‐up study, 2015–2021
Authors: Zhao Jiangyang , Zhang Lingling , Li Linlin , Xie Xiaohua , Li Jianjun , Wei Yuchen , Feng Yuanyuan , Huang Aidan , Huang Haifeng , Qin Qinghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV has been a global success. But little is known about the growth parameters of infants delivered by mothers with HIV or the drug resistance of infants with HIV in China. The study aimed to assess growth parameters and drug resistance in Chinese infants exposed to HIV.MethodsWe conducted an 18‐month longitudinal follow‐up study of 3283 infants (3222 without HIV; 61 with HIV) born to mothers with HIV in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2015 and December 2021. The weight and length of all participants was recorded. In addition, genetic subtypes and drug resistance analysis were performed for infants with HIV.ResultsCompared with infants without HIV, those with HIV had significantly lower weight/length Z‐scores, except at 18 months of age. The length/age Z‐scores of infants with HIV was significantly reduced, except at 1 month of age. The weight/age Z‐scores of infants with HIV were significantly lower at all follow‐up time points. The weight/length Z‐scores of male infants without HIV were significantly lower than for female infants without HIV at all follow‐up time points. Male infants without HIV had lower length/age and weight/age Z‐scores than female infants at the remaining follow‐up points, except at 1 month of age. Of a total of 61 infants with HIV, subtype and drug‐resistance data were obtained from 37 (60.66%) samples. Infants with HIV were dominated by the CRF01_AE genotype and showed a diversity of mutation sites dominated by non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the growth of infants exposed to HIV in southwest China and provides detailed information on subtype distribution and drug resistance of those with HIV. Nutritional support and drug‐resistance surveillance for infants exposed to HIV need to be strengthened.
Prevalence and virulence factors of haemolytic Enterococcus faecalis isolated from root filled teeth associated with periradicular lesions: A laboratory investigation in Thailand
Authors: Thammasitboon Kewalin , Teanpaisan Rawee , Pahumunto Nuntiya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimPrevious endodontic research has provided limited understanding of the prevalence and roles of haemolytic and non‐haemolytic Enterococcus faecalis strains in root filled teeth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these strains in root filled teeth with periradicular lesions and investigate their associated virulence factors.MethodologyA total of 36 root canal samples were collected from 36 subjects. The prevalence of E. faecalis was determined using culture and PCR methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of haemolytic and non‐haemolytic E. faecalis strains was assessed using the broth dilution assay. The cytokine stimulation in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and neutrophil migration were evaluated using real‐time PCR and migration assay, respectively. Cell invasion ability of the strains was assessed using a cell culture model. Additionally, the virulence gene expression of the haemolytic and non‐haemolytic strains was investigated using real‐time PCR. The Mann–Whitney U and Spearman's ρ tests were used to examine the significant difference between the two strains and to analyse the correlation between phenotype and gene expression, respectively.ResultsEnterococcus faecalis was detected in 33.3% and 88.9% of samples by culture and real‐time PCR, respectively. Haemolytic strains were found in 36.4% of subjects. Non‐haemolytic strains exhibited susceptibility to erythromycin and varying susceptibility to tetracycline, while all haemolytic strains were resistant to both antibiotics. Haemolytic strains significantly upregulated the expression of IL‐8, OPG and RANKL in PDL cells (p < .05). Notably, the fold increases in these genes were higher: IL‐8 (556.1 ± 82.9 vs. 249.6 ± 81.8), OPG (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2) and RANKL (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1). Furthermore, haemolytic strains had a greater effect on neutrophil migration (68.7 ± 15.2% vs. 46.9 ± 11.4%) and demonstrated a higher level of internalization into oral keratinocyte cells (68.6 ± 0.4% vs. 33.8 ± 0.5%) (p < .05). They also showed enhanced expression of virulence genes associated with haemolysin, surface proteins, collagen‐binding and aggregation substances. Gelatinase activity was only detectable in non‐haemolytic strains.ConclusionsThis study revealed that haemolytic strains E. faecalis possessed enhanced abilities in host invasion and a higher abundance of virulence factors, suggesting their potential contribution to more severe disease manifestations.
Convenient preparation of calcium hexaluminate based castables with low thermal conductivity and sufficient strength
Authors: Yang Haizhen , Luo Wei , Xia Yufeng , Ding Cuijiao , Zhao Yi , Xiang Yunpan , Yuan Wenjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCalcium hexaaluminate (CA6) based castables with low thermal conductivity and sufficient strength were conveniently prepared by foaming and incorporating alumina bubbles. The pores are derived from stabilizing the liquid foams by the surfactant (air‐entraining agent) and hollow structure of alumina bubbles. The thermal and physical properties of CA6 based castables depended on the approaches producing pores as well as their quantity, morphology, and distribution. CA6 based castables with the thermal conductivity of .384–.491 W/(m∙K) tested at 800°C and the cold crushing strength of 49.4–99.5 MPa after firing at 1 300°C, exhibited promising application prospects as insulation linings used for the skid post and beam in the reheating furnace.
Inferring current and Last Glacial Maximum distributions are improved by physiology‐relevant climatic variables in cold‐adapted ectotherms
Authors: Guillon Michaël , Martínez‐Freiría Fernando , Lucchini Nahla , Ursenbacher Sylvain , Surget‐Groba Yann , Kageyama Masa , Lagarde Frédéric , Cubizolle Hervé , Lourdais Olivier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimEcological niche‐based models (ENM) frequently rely on bioclimatic variables (BioV) to reconstruct biogeographic scenarios for species evolution, ignoring mechanistic relations. We tested if climatic predictors relevant to species hydric and thermal physiology better proximate distribution patterns and support location of Pleistocene refugia derived from phylogeographic studies.LocationThe Western Palaearctic.TaxonVipera berus and Zootoca vivipara, two cold‐adapted species.MethodsWe used two sets of variables, that is physiologically meaningful climatic variables (PMV) and BioV, in a multi‐algorithm ENM approach, to compare their ability to predict current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) species ranges. We estimated current and LGM permafrost extent to address spatially the cold hardiness dissimilarity between both species.ResultsPMV explained more accurately the current distribution of these two cold‐adapted species and identified the importance of summer temperature and solar radiation that constrain activity in cold habitats. PMV also provide a better insight than BioV predictors on LGM distribution. By including notably, the permafrost extent, PMV‐based models gave parsimonious putative arrangement and validity of refugia for each clade and subclade in accordance with phylogeographic data. Northern refugia were also identified from 48 to 52° N for V. berus and from 50 to 54° N for Z. vivipara.Main ConclusionsOur hybrid approach based on PMV generated more realistic predictions for both current (biogeographical validation) and past distributions (phylogeographic validation). By combining constraints during the activity period (summer climatic niche) and those inherent to the wintering period (freeze tolerance), we managed to identify glacial refuges in agreement with phylogeographic hypotheses concerning post‐glacial routes and colonization scenarios.