bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Buddhism and Modernity
Authors: McMahan David L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
What many Americans and Europeans understand by “Buddhism” is actually a hybrid of a number of Buddhist traditions that have cross-fertilized with the dominant discourses of western modernity, especially those rooted in Enlightenment rationalism, Romanticism, and Protestant Christianity. The popular western picture of Buddhism is neither unambiguously “there“ in ancient Buddhist texts and lived traditions nor merely a fantasy of an educated elite population in the West, an image with no corresponding object. It is, rather, an actual new form of Buddhism that is the result of a process of modernization, westernization, reinterpretation, image-making, revitalization, and reform that has been taking place not only in the West but also in Asian countries for over a century.
The Spectrum of Tradition and Modernism
Authors: McMahan David L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter charts a variegated continuum between traditionalist and modernist Buddhists by providing five composite profiles of Buddhists: a British “Buddhist sympathizer,” a traditional Thai laywoman, an American dharma teacher, a Tibetan monk, and an Asian modernizer. It then discusses three processes by which modernization has taken place in Buddhism: detraditionalization, whereby authority is internalized and shifted from institutions to individuals; demythologization, in which elements of traditional cosmology, such as the six realms of rebirth, are re-interpreted as mental states; and psychologization, in which unseen beings are translated into psychological phenomena and, more generally, Buddhism comes to be interpreted in terms of western psychology.
Buddhism and the Discourses of Modernity
Authors: McMahan David L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Buddhism has created a place for itself in the modern ecology of ideas and practices by placing itself within and between three key discourses of modernity: those of scientific naturalism, Romanticism and Transcendentalism, and Christianity. Specifically, it aligned itself with scientific rationalism over against conservative, missionary forms of Christianity, while borrowing from Christianity’s more liberal and mystical elements. Nevertheless, it has also been critical of positivistic and scientistic modes of rationalism, and in articulating this critique it has drawn on the Romantic-Transcendentalist cosmology and their stress on the value of interior experience. This chapter shows how foundational Buddhist modernists like Soen Shaku and Dwight Goddard re-configured Buddhist concepts in the languages of rationalism, Romanticism, and Christianity, carving out a space for Buddhism in the tensions between these discourses.
Introduction to Evidence-Based Group Work
Authors: Macgowan Mark J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter introduces evidence-based group work (EBGW). It provides a definition and includes a discussion of the assumptions underlying EBGW. It describes how EBGW developed within the history of group work. EBGW is a four-stage process in which group workers formulate an answerable practice question, search for evidence; undertake a critical review of the evidence (with respect to research merit, impact, and applicability), which yields the best available evidence; and apply the evidence with judgment, skill, and concern for relevance and appropriateness for the group, utilizing evaluation to determine if desired outcomes are achieved. The importance of EBGW in the advancement of group work is discussed. Three cases and scenarios are introduced that will be used to illustrate the stages described in the rest of the book.
Demographic Profile, Trends, and Commentary
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter presents the latest demographic information on Latinos, highlighting key demographic trends in a variety of domains that have direct implications for social work practice. Commentary and analysis is provided to contextualize what these statistics mean from a historical and present-day perspective, in an attempt to identify key social and economic implications for the nation. In addition, a section is devoted to looking at Latino demographics within a historical context, in order to develop an appreciation of Latinos in the United States.
The Transition to Adulthood Among Youth “Aging Out” of Care: What Have We Learned?
Authors: Dworsky Amy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractApproximately 20,000 foster youth are discharged by state child welfare agencies each year to live on their own. This chapter examines what happens to these foster youth after they leave care. It begins with a brief discussion of the motivation for and development of the Title IV-E Independent Living Program and its successor, the John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Program. It then reviews the literature on the outcomes of former foster youth. The review describes a number of previous studies that have examined the self-sufficiency of foster youth who aged out of care, discusses their methodological limitations, and summarizes the findings from this research. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some unanswered questions that researchers are beginning to address.
Lessons from Research on Decision Making
Authors: Munro Eileen 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter reports on two strands of research on decision making, one prescriptive and the other descriptive. The first, prescriptive, strand draws on probability theory and proposes decision theory as the rational way of best computing the uncertainties faced in making decisions. Potentially dangerous errors in reasoning commonly occur when such approaches are not used. The second, descriptive, research approach has been to study how people in busy professional practice actually do make decisions. This highlights the centrality of pattern recognition as a means of speedily assessing a situation and of critical thinking in testing out the conclusions drawn. The importance of drawing on both sources of knowledge about decision making skills is emphasised and the lessons of both sets of research are then spelled out in relation to child welfare practice.
Assessing Risk Throughout the Life of a Child Welfare Case
Authors: Rycus Judith S. , Hughes Ronald C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChild welfare agencies are responsible for ensuring the safety of abused and neglected children. This requires the accurate and timely identification of children at high risk of imminent or future harm from maltreatment, and making case decisions that effectively reduce this risk. However, accurately identifying and responding to risk is inherently complicated. A variety of risk assessment models and tools have been developed to promote accuracy and relevance case assessments and decisions. However, inconsistencies in approaches and fundamental assumptions, and the idiosyncratic use of terminology have increased, rather than resolved, the prevalent confusion about risk assessment in child welfare practice. This chapter defines risk as a construct with validity throughout the life of a case and describes empirically supported strategies to identify and respond to risk at various stages of case involvement, thereby promoting both the immediate and long-term safety of maltreated children.
HeedingHorton: Transcending the Public Welfare Paradigm
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter addresses the question: how much progress have we made in improving the conditions of poor and low-income children and their parents? It looks beyond the public welfare paradigm to some of the other salient issues, including mental health issues, the role of the courts, poverty, the distinction between inadequate care and abuse, institutional neglect and abuse, and “foster care drift” (the practice of moving a child from one foster home to another). It discusses matters relating to family preservation, the notion of supporting safe and stable families: cash assistance, waivers, single parenting, high school dropout rates, chronic health issues, employment, and eligibility issues. It is shown that a truly effective system of child welfare and protection must include and embrace a myriad of diverse but related issues affecting parents and children. It is argued that the child welfare paradigm has all but collapsed in the face of broader problems and that the future is vague and disconcerting.
Accounts at Birth: A Proposal to Improve Life Chances Through a National System of Children’s Savings Accounts
Authors: Cramer Reid 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBeyond a focus on protection, child welfare policy should provide the support systems necessary to maximize life chances. To do so requires a consideration of the social conditions children will confront as adults as well as the skill sets and resources they will need to successfully navigate their world. One promising idea is to begin promoting savings and asset building activities with children, particularly with children’s savings accounts. Endowing every child with a savings account, opened at birth, represents a social investment while, at the same time, creates educational opportunities and provides children with a stake in broader society throughout their life. This chapter considers the broad array of policy design and program implementation choices that will give such a policy proposal its ultimate shape and direction.
Beyond Child Welfare: International Perspectives on Child and Family Policies
Authors: Kamerman Sheila B. , Kahn Alfred J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter examines the evolving attention to achieving the goal of child well-being through a broad child and family approach rather than a narrow focus on protecting children against abuse and neglect. The more holistic type of approach employed is driven by the growing use of children’s rights as the basis for intervention, the increased attention to childhood social indicators as a device for monitoring and measuring trends in wellbeing over time, and developments in child and family policies as the framework for a strategic response once well-being is in focus. The objective is not to ignore social service reforms but to go beyond them.
A Descriptive Study of Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment: Implications for Child Welfare Policy
Authors: Renner Lynette M. , Slack Kristen Shook , Berger Lawrence M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUsing survey and administrative data, this chapter presents analyses of co-occurring intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment allegations in a sample of current and former welfare recipients (N = 1,011). Results show a co-occurrence rate of six percent within an approximate one-year time interval. In the subgroup of families with co-occurring IPV and child maltreatment allegations (n = 65), sixty-eight percent of investigated maltreatment reports involve the female IPV victim as a perpetrator. Findings also show that multiple forms of IPV and child maltreatment should be considered when assessing co-occurrence. Compared to families that experience one or neither form of family violence, families with both IPV and child maltreatment allegations have higher levels of parental depression and stress, greater use of harsh discipline, lower parental warmth, and poorer parental physical health. Results from this study are relevant to systems that serve families experiencing IPV and child maltreatment, and for interventions designed to improve family safety.
Personal Morality and Its Social Implications
Authors: Kupperman Joel J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter connects the two poles of conscious moral choice: the personal felt quality and conceptual implications. This continues the work of the previous chapters and further undermines the seductive image of ethics as centering on lone individuals making decisions for decontextualized cases that can be considered in isolation from those they would make in any other cases. It is shown that any morality, no matter how idiosyncratic, is implicitly a social morality; and that this has further implications. It requires that morality should apply irrespective of persons. It also requires a central role for general rules.
Rejecting the Ideal of Value‐Free Science
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter begins by explaining why nonepistemic values are logically needed for reasoning in science, even in the internal stages of the process. It then bolsters the point with an examination of ways to block this necessity, all of which prove unsatisfactory. Finally, it argues that rejection of the value-free ideal does not demolish science's objectivity and that we have plenty of remaining resources with which to understand and evaluate the objectivity of science. By understanding science as value laden, we can better understand the nature of scientific controversy in many cases and even help speed resolution of those controversies.
Constructive Empiricism and the Role of Social Values in Science
Authors: Roush Sherrilyn 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn her book Science as Social Knowledge, Helen Longino argued not only that social values are in fact ineliminable from theory choice in science but also that we ought to rewrite our ideals in such a way as to incorporate this fact. One of the most common criticisms of this idea of granting a legitimate role for social values in theory choice in science is that it just doesn't make sense to regard social preferences as relevant to the truth or to the way things are. According to Susan Haack, what is at issue is whether it is possible to derive an “is” from an “ought.” One can see that this is not possible, she concludes. Haack does not provide an argument for the view that it is impossible to derive an is from an ought, but the intuition she expresses is strong and widespread. This chapter shows that even if we grant this view, we may still consistently believe that social values have a legitimate role in theory choice in science. The chapter defends this conclusion by outlining a view about social values and theory choice that is based on the constructive empiricism (CE) of Bas van Fraassen. It is argued that some questions about what role social values may legitimately play in science look different depending on whether they are viewed from a realist perspective, according to which the aim of science is literally true description of reality, or from the point of view of a constructive empiricist antirealism, according to which the aim of science is empirical adequacy, the fit of a theory to the observables.
Contextualist Morals and Science
Authors: Kincaid Harold 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter distinguishes various roles values might play and the kinds of arguments advanced, both for the value ladenness and value freedom of science. It then argues that arguments on both sides of the issues rest on untenable assumptions about traditional epistemology as a coherent enterprise. Dropping those assumptions opens a space for showing that science can be value laden and yet robustly objective. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 10.1 sorts out issues, sketches some standard arguments both for and against value ladenness, and then describes epistemological assumptions common to both and argues that those assumptions are misguided. Section 10.2 presents an alternative picture of values and science without those assumptions. Section 10.3 applies that picture to debates over values and objectivity in economics and medicine.
Researching Family Support and Children’s Services Planning in Northern Ireland
Authors: Pinkerton John 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter explores a critical juncture in the development of child welfare in Northern Ireland and considers the impact of a three-part regional research project on family support. The Northern Ireland Family Support Research Project was undertaken between 1995 and 1999. It is argued that research project did make a contribution to the refocusing work of the time by promoting a conceptual model that has helped clarify what is meant by family support; identifying needs-based planning as the pivotal task for promoting the new direction; and validating Children's Services Planning as the leading mechanism for change. It is further argued that the research impact achieved did not come through a direct cause-and-effect relationship between research and planning, but rather through the planners' use of aspects of the research for their own problem-solving requirements.
Three Decline, Slavery, and War
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter explores the important role played by the jeremiad in antebellum and Civil War America. It begins with the national day of fasting proclaimed by President James Buchanan in January 1861. Nineteenth‐century Jeremiahs lamented their society's moral state, looked to the example of the nation's founders, and called their fellow Americans to reform. Surrounding these narratives of decline were deeply‐rooted ideas of American chosenness, often fostered by varieties of millennialism that saw the United States as integral to the accomplishment of God's purposes in history. The chapter also explores two rival narratives to the mainstream American jeremiad during these years: an African‐American jeremiad that called down God's justice on white oppressors, and the Southern “Lost Cause” narrative, which viewed the South as a quintessential Christian civilization and lamented its defeat as a sign of God's disapproval of Southern immorality. The chapter concludes with an examination of Abraham Lincoln's unconventional employment of the jeremiad tradition.
Four Taking America Back
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter begins by considering Vice President Dan Quayle's 1992 “Murphy Brown” speech, and goes on to explore the rise and rhetoric of the Christian Right, which mobilized American evangelicals and fundamentalists to re-enter the political process during the 1970s and 1980s. After a brief recapitulation of the historical background of evangelical and fundamentalist involvement in 20th‐century American politics, the chapter looks at the Christian Right jeremiad, which emphasizes the 1960s as the time period when a godly nation strayed from its moral and spiritual roots and embraced an ideology of secularism. The Christian Right nests this tale of American decline within a story of American chosenness, especially in the fight against communism. The Christian Right jeremiad propelled Ronald Reagan to the presidency and continues to play an important role in Republican Party politics.
Recovering Mothers’ Experiences and Perspectives
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the perspectives and experiences of four mothers in recovery from addiction to methamphetamine. Mothers vividly described the rapid loss of control that can occur with methamphetamine misuse, as well as the power of the addiction. They described their illness as impacting their children's physical and psychological well-being including through exposure to domestic violence, adult substance misuse, and other anti-social behavior, and loss of important relationships. They expressed concern that their children would misuse drugs. Women described recovery as possible only with significant external support, and they reported lasting physical, psychological, and social side effects of their illness. Understanding mothers' experience of methamphetamine addiction can increase our awareness of this illness suggesting strategies for engaging them in intervention.
Children’s Psychological Functioning
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter describes the psychological functioning of school-aged children in foster care because of parental methamphetamine misuse. In semi-structured interviews, children described emotional pain, few social resources for coping with emotions, problem-solving, or talking about their experiences; and avoidant or passive coping skills. Results from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC, Briere, 1996) revealed individual variation in psychological functioning, but most children displayed significant dissociative or post-traumatic symptoms, as well as other significant emotional and behavioral problems. The high rate of mental health problems suggests the need for non-traditional strategies for service delivery in rural areas targeted toward these vulnerable children. Early identification and treatment of mental health problems should be a priority.
The Value of the Case in Evidence-Based Social Work
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter describes the importance of thick, case-based research in understanding complex social phenomenon as they occur in everyday life, and grounding the design, implementation, and assessment of relevant, effective interventions. The research program described in this book presented the perspectives and voices of individuals who encountered methamphetamine misuse on a regular basis to understand this social problem from the perspectives of those involved, and in the complexities of their everyday lives. This information, in conjunction with existing research and clinical expertise, was used to design and implement a mental health intervention for rural children from methamphetamine-involved families. This research program illustrates the importance of meaning for child welfare practice and research; the importance of context in intervention, practice, and research; and the use of evidence in social work practice.
The Principal Features of the American Constitutional Order: The Positive Constitutionalism of The Federalist
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter sketches the principal features of the American constitutional order by explicating the broad themes of The Federalist. It shows that The Federalist embraces a positive constitutionalism, conceiving the Constitution as an instrument for pursuing positive benefits and ends; not a negative constitutionalism, viewing the Constitution as primarily a set of limitations upon government. Drawing upon Martin Diamond's classic analysis, the chapter puts forth the principal features as the basic conditions of a large commercial republic animated by commitments to responsible government (government that serves the public's true interests) as distinguished from government that is merely responsive to the public's immediate inclinations.
Approaches to Constitutional Interpretation
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter sketches a typology of approaches to constitutional interpretation or sources of constitutional meaning. Yet it cautions against “the approach hypothesis” (i.e., that all of our beliefs about the Constitution are controlled by some partisan perspective or approach) in light of evidence that interpreters have a pre-approach awareness of the Constitution. It prefigures the ultimate argument of the book, not for one approach over all others but for a fusion of approaches.