bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditing in China
Authors: Chong H. Gin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Chinese auditing standards have undergone many changes in recent years. These changes intend to harmonize the internal auditing practices with the international auditing approaches. The speed of transformation is remarkable. Despite this, there remain many challenging issues that need the attention of both the Chinese auditing profession and the Ministry of Finance (MoF). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of enteric viral agents from children in northern region of Ghana
Authors: Silva Paula Andreia , Stark Klaus , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Reither Klaus , Weitzel Thomas , Ignatius Ralf , Saad Eiman , Seidu‐Korkor Andrew , Bienzle Ulrich , Schreier Eckart 
Published: August 2008

AbstractViral gastrointestinal infections are among the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in non‐industrialized countries. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and enteroviruses obtained from 367 children in the Northern Region of Ghana. One hundred and forty‐two rotavirus‐positive stool samples were examined. The most frequent type identified was G1P[8] occurring in 80% of the cases. Of 27 norovirus positive samples, 5 isolates belonged to genogroup I and 22 to genogroup II. Adenoviruses were detected in 73 samples; 23.3% of these belonged to genogroup F, 31.5% to D, 17.8% to A, 15.1% to C, and 12.3% to B. Astrovirus typing of 12 positive samples displayed a distribution into four different genotypes: five sequences clustered with AstV‐8, four with AstV‐2, two with AstV‐5, and one with AstV‐6. Twenty‐three different enterovirus types were identified in 45 positive samples, coxsackievirus A24 being the most frequent pathogen (18%). This first, comprehensive molecular characterization of enteric viruses in northern Ghana provides baseline data for the molecular epidemiology of these pathogens and immunisation strategies. The available rotavirus vaccines cover the predominant G1P[8] type and would reduce substantially disease burden in that area. J. Med. Virol. 80:1790–1798, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutralizing antibody response variation against dengue 3 strains
Authors: Alvarez Mayling , Pavon‐Oro Alequis , Rodriguez‐Roche Rosmari , Bernardo Lídice , Morier Luís , Sanchez Lizet , Alvarez Angel M. , Guzmán Maria G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the neutralizing antibody activity of a human sera panel against seven strains of the homotypic virus. Sera were collected from DENV‐3 immune individuals. Two DENV‐3 genotypes and strains isolated at different time‐points during the 2000 and 2001–2002 Havana epidemics were included. A panel of 20 late convalescent sera collected 16–18 months after acute illness from DF and DHF patients are studied. These individuals were infected during the 2001–2002 Havana DENV‐3 epidemic. All but four sera collected from DF cases had a secondary DENV‐1/DENV‐3 infection. Sera neutralizing antibody titer against the seven DENV‐3 strains were determined by plaque reduction neutralization technique. Sera samples were tested simultaneously. Studied sera showed higher levels of neutralizing antibodies to DENV‐3 strains of genotype III compared to genotype V. Interesting, higher levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected to DENV‐3 strain isolated at the end of the epidemic 2001–2002. An increased tendency of GMT of neutralizing antibodies according to epidemic evolution was observed for the 2001–2002 outbreak. In general, antibody levels in sera collected from DF cases were higher. Differences in the neutralization capacity of immune DENV‐3 sera tested against two homologous genotypes including strains of the same genotype are demonstrated. Observed results suggest that virus changed in the course of the epidemic. The implications of this finding in terms of dengue pathogenesis and vaccine development need to be considered. J. Med. Virol. 80:1783–1789, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The analysis of the entire HLA, partial non‐HLA and HPV for Chinese women with cervical cancer
Authors: Wu Yuping , Zhang Qinming , Liu Benrong , Yu Guifang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been associated with an increased or decreased risk of developing cervical cancer through infection with oncogenic forms of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of this study was to analyze the interactions between HPV and HLA, particularly of the entire HLA and partial non‐HLA regions, in invasive cervical cancers. The results showed the distribution of HPV genotypes among patients with cervical cancer in this group: the overall prevalence of HPV DNA was 91.3% (274/300). A total of 16 HPV genotypes, HPV16, 18, 58, 33, 81, 31, 68, 39, 67, 6, 11, 26, 52, 62, 66, and 70, were detected in patients with cervical cancer. Among the cervical cancer specimens, 68.7% were positive for HPV16. Genotyping was performed with 112 microsatellite markers spanning the entire HLA region and partial region of chromosome 6q15‐16.3. D6S2766 and D6S2764, which are located near to the region containing the HLA‐DPB genes, were negatively related with cervical cancer (OR for the D6S2766‐195 allele carriers = 0.50), and positively related with cervical cancer (OR for the D6S2764‐209 allele carriers = 2.44), respectively. Significant association was found for D6S1043 (allele 132) with HPV16‐positive cervical cancer (OR = 4.52). There was an increased risk for carriers of alleles 112 and 132 at the D6S1043 locus, in particular for homozygotes. The present findings indicate that the antigenic presentation of HPV‐derived peptides and non‐HLA regions may be involved in the pathogenesis of HPV‐associated cervical cancer. J. Med. Virol. 80:1808–1813, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case Report: Human herpesvirus 6 reactivation associated with colitis in a lung transplant recipient
Authors: Lamoth F. , Jayet P.Y. , Aubert J.D. , Rotman S. , Mottet C. , Sahli R. , Lautenschlager I. , Pascual M. , Meylan P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhereas human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) reactivation is frequent in solid organ transplant recipients, symptomatic disease is rare. A case of colitis associated with HHV‐6B reactivation was observed in a lung transplant recipient. This case report suggests that symptomatic HHV‐6 infection may occur in the absence of detectable viremia. J. Med. Virol. 80:1804–1807, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum thrombospondin‐1 is altered in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Liu Zhengwen , Zhao Qianzi , Han Qunying , Gao Maicang , Zhang Ni 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a severe acute viral disease with pathological changes of impaired capillary and small vessels and thrombocytopenia. In this study, serum thrombospondin (TSP)‐1 concentration in patients with HFRS was determined to explore its possible role in the pathogenesis of HFRS. The concentration of TSP‐1 was measured using a competitive enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay. Significantly decreased levels of serum TSP‐1 were observed in HFRS patients at febrile and hypotensive phases compared with those in the controls. The serum levels of TSP‐1 in HFRS patients with more severe clinical types was reduced more profoundly than those in patients with milder clinical types at febrile and hypotensive phases, although the differences in TSP‐1 were not significant. It was indicated that insufficient production or increased consumption of TSP‐1, or both of these, may contribute to the impairment of capillary and small vessels and the development of hypotension at the early stage of HFRS, and the decreased degree may be associated with disease severity. J. Med. Virol. 80:1799–1803, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal observation of parechovirus in stool samples from Norwegian infants
Authors: Tapia German , Cinek Ondrej , Witsø Elisabet , Kulich Michal , Rasmussen Trond , Grinde Bjørn , Rønningen Kjersti S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractParechoviruses are assumed to be common infectious agents, but their epidemiologic and pathogenic properties are not well known. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Parechovirus in Norwegian infants, as well as to investigate whether the presence of virus correlated with symptoms of infection. A group of 102 infants was longitudinally followed: 51 infants with a high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (aged 3–35 months), and 51 children without this genotype (aged 3–12). Stool samples were obtained each month, and symptoms of infection were recorded regularly on questionnaires. Human parechovirus was detected in 11.3% of 1,941 samples examined by real‐time RT‐PCR. There was a distinct seasonality, peaking from September to December. By 12 months of age, 43% of the infants had had at least one infection, while 86% of the infants had encountered the virus by the end of the second year. Based on the VP1 sequence, human parechovirus 1 was the most prevalent type (76%), followed by human parechovirus 3 (13%), human parechovirus 6 (9%), an unclassified human parechovirus (1%), and human parechovirus 2 (1%). Ljungan virus, a murine parechovirus, was examined with a separate real‐time RT‐PCR, but no virus was detected. There was no significant association between infections and the following symptoms: coughing, sneezing, fever, diarrhea or vomiting. In conclusion, human parechovirus infects frequently infants at an early age without causing disease. J. Med. Virol. 80:1835–1842, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute respiratory infection and influenza‐like illness viral etiologies in Brazilian adults
Authors: Bellei Nancy , Carraro Emerson , Perosa Ana , Watanabe Aripuana , Arruda Eurico , Granato Celso 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInfluenza‐like illness (ILI) definitions have been used worldwide for influenza surveillance. These different case definitions can vary with regard to sensitivity and predictive values for laboratory confirmed influenza. The literature has indicated the inclusion of other viruses may be the cause of these variable results. The objective of the study was to evaluate ILI national sentinel criteria and viral etiologies in adults diagnosed with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and/or ILI from 2001 to 2003 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were observed from 420 adults and collected on a daily basis from outpatient care units at University Hospital. The ILI definition included: fever plus at least one respiratory symptom (cough and/or sore throat) and one constitutional symptom (headache, malaise, myalgia, sweat or chills, or fatigue). DFA and RT‐PCR for influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, and metapneumovirus were performed on nasal washes and 61.8% resulted positive. The respiratory viruses detected most often were influenza and rhinovirus. ILI was reported for 240/420 patients (57.1%), with influenza and rhinovirus etiologies accounting for 30.9% and 19.6%, respectively. Rhinovirus peak activity was concurrent with the influenza season. These findings highlight the implications of other viruses in ILI etiology and suggest that during the influenza season, this clinical overlap must be considered in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:1824–1827, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of an indicator cell line to quantify Bovine Foamy Virus infection
Authors: Ma Zhe , Hao Peng , Yao Xue , Liu Chang , Tan Juan , Liu Li , Yang Rongge , Geng Yunqi , Chen Qimin , Qiao Wentao 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA cell line derived from baby hamster kidney (BHK‐21) cells was transfected with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene driven by the bovine foamy virus (BFV) long terminal repeat (LTR) to establish a BFV indicator cell line (BICL). Among 48 clones, one clone was chosen for its little constitutive enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression and high level of EGFP expression after activation by BFV infection. By detecting the EGFP expression of the BFV indicator cell line, the titers of BFV were quantified by the end point method. As a result, the titer determined by the EGFP based assay 5–6 days post infection (d.p.i.) was 100 fold higher than traditional assays measuring cytopathic effects 8–9 d.p.i.. Moreover, the EGFP based assay was also used to determine the titer of those cells infected by BFV without inducing cytopathic effects. Using this simple and rapid assay, we examined the in vitro host range of BFV. It was found that BFV can productively infect various cell lines derived from bovine, human, rat and monkey. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1H17O nuclear quadrupole double resonance in phenylphosphinic acid and phenylphosphonic acid. 17O quadrupole coupling in P = O and POH bonds
Authors: Seliger J. , Žagar V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe 17O nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies have been measured in phenylphosphinic acid and phenylphosphonic acid using nuclear quadrupole double resonance. The quadrupole coupling constants have been determined with an uncertainty of ± 10 kHz and the asymmetry parameter η with an uncertainty of ± 0.01. The results are compared to the published results of the theoretical calculation and the high‐field solid‐state NMR measurements. The position of hydrogen in the OH···O hydrogen bond in phenylphosphinic acid has also been determined. On the basis of the present and the previously published data we show that the principal values of the electric‐field‐gradient tensor in P  O and POH bonds correlate. A correlation between the nuclear quadrupole parameters and the length of the PO bond is also observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Education and drug use in Sweden—a nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Weitoft G. Ringbäck , Rosén M. , Ericsson Ö. , Ljung R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPurposeTo analyse educational variations in prescriptions dispensed in Sweden. A better knowledge of the use of drugs in the population, including socioeconomic distribution, is a prerequisite in efforts to estimate whether drugs are being prescribed and used according to need. This knowledge may also facilitate the identification of selection or confounding factors when analysing outcome or adverse side effects of drug treatment.MethodsAll prescriptions dispensed during 2006 for 22 different categories of drugs were analysed in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Each prescription was linked by a unique personal identification number (PIN) to the National Education Register. In total, analyses covered 1 557 740 men and 1 568 175 women aged 45–74.ResultsThose with low education were generally at higher risk of having drugs, odds ratios (ORs) varying from 1.2 to 2. Most differences appeared to be of the same magnitude as those found in studies of the relation between education and disease incidence and prevalence, that is drugs may be prescribed and dispensed according to need. However, there are some drugs, such as antibiotics, sildenafil, hormone replacement drugs, anti‐migraine drugs and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), where people with higher education have higher consumption than is expected from incidence and prevalence data.ConclusionsThere are rather large differences in drug utilization between groups of different educational levels. Mostly these disparities seem to reflect differences in need, but there are examples of inequalities in drug use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical properties of CuCl films on silicon substrates
Authors: Mitra Anirban , O'Reilly L. , Lucas O. F. , Natarajan Gomathi , Danieluk D. , Bradley A. L. , McNally P. J. , Daniels S. , Cameron D. C. , Reader A. , Martinez‐Rosas M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSemiconductor photonic emitters operating in the UV range remain an elusive goal. Attention has focused mainly on III‐Nitrides. However a large lattice constant difference between the III‐Nitride layers and compatible substrates results in high densities of misfit dislocations and consequently the device performance is adversely affected. An alternative novel material system, γ‐CuCl on silicon, is investigated. Properties of the exciton luminescence from vacuum deposited CuCl films on Si(100) and Si(111) are studied using temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Four peaks attributed to the free exciton (Z3) (3.203 eV), bound exciton (I1) (3.181 eV), bi‐exciton (M) (3.159 eV) and bound bi‐exciton (N1) (3.134 eV) are identified from the PL spectrum at 10 K. A free exciton peak at 3.230 eV is observed at room temperature. The binding energies for the bound exciton, bi‐exciton and bound bi‐exciton are determined. Parameters, extracted from the temperature dependence of the Z3 PL peak intensity, energy and line‐width, have been compared with CuCl films on different substrates and in single crystal form. The luminescence properties of the CuCl on Si material system are found to compare well with reports for single crystal CuCl. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A detailed comparison of CVD grown and precursor based DWCNTs
Authors: Pfeiffer R. , Peterlik H. , Kuzmany H. , Simon F. , Pressl K. , Knoll P. , Rümmeli M. H. , Shiozawa H. , Muramatsu H. , Kim Y. A. , Hayashi T. , Endo M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDouble‐wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) grown directly via a CVD method and DWCNTs produced by annealing C60and ferrocene filled single‐wall carbon nanotubes were studied with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The samples showed the typical XRD patterns of hexagonally bundled tubes. The frequencies and linewidths of the inner tube radial breathing modes (RBMs) were (with in experimental precision) equal in all three samples only the intensities differed. Finally, all samples showed the typical clustering of the inner tube RBMs due to the distribution of inner‐outer tube pairs. The only difference was the population of specific inner‐outer tube pairs where the CVD and ferrocene based DWCNTs were rather similar and both differed from the C60based DWCNTs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence study of ErSc2N@C80 and Er2ScN@C80 fullerenes
Authors: Tiwari Archana , Dantelle Géraldine , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Ardavan Arzhang , Briggs G. Andrew D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe photoluminescence study of the Er3+ ion in ErSc2N@C80 and Er2ScN@C80 fullerenes in the temperature range of 5 K to 80 K is presented. New emission peaks are observed for both fullerenes above 20 K. These peaks arise from thermally populated crystal‐field levels of the excited state. An anomalous behaviour of the PL peak area is observed with an increasing temperature which reveals an internal rearrangement of the cluster ErSc2N in ErSc2N@C80. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adhesion of osteoblasts on chemically patterned nanocrystalline diamonds
Authors: Kalbacova Marie , Michalikova Lenka , Baresova Veronika , Kromka Alexander , Rezek Bohuslav , Kmoch Stanislav 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe compatibility of engineered surfaces with tissues, cells and biological molecules is critical in development of medical diagnostics, biosensors, drug delivery systems, etc. Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films represent group of novel materials with superior electro‐optical, chemical, and mechanical properties for such devices.We studied adhesion and viability of human osteoblastic cells on NCD films with the aim to define optimal semiconductor interfaces for novel thin‐film biosensor. We cultured human osteoblasts (SAOS‐2) at different densities on chemically terminated NCD films with periodical O‐ and H‐terminated stripes of different width – 30, 100 and 200 µm and analysed cell cytoskeleton (actin filaments) and focal adhesions by fluorescence microscopy. We found that cell attachment is guided by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterns with preferential initial cellular adhesion on hydrophilic (O‐terminated) surface. Cell adhesion seems to be mediated by preferential culture medium proteins adsorption on the surface. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A hybrid grid/particle filter for Lagrangian data assimilation. I: Formulating the passive scalar approximation
Authors: Salman H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this two‐part paper, we present a new nonlinear method for the assimilation of Lagrangian data. In part I, we formulate the method as a generalization of other particle filters. A particularly novel feature of the formulation is the use of a hybrid discretisation of the probability density function (PDF) in physical/phase space. Moreover, we show that, under the assumption that the drifters are uncorrelated, the projection of the Fokker–Planck equation onto the observation space associated with the drifter positions reduces to a set of passive scalar equations. This property allows us to efficiently compute the transitional PDF. To compute the analysis states, we present a grid/particle filter specifically formulated for use with the hybrid representation of our PDF. In common with other particle filters, our filter can suffer from sample impoverishment. To remedy this problem, we extend the Gaussian resampling procedure of Xionget al. to produce a very efficient filter. This produces a fully functional scheme for Lagrangian data assimilation when combined with our forecasts of the prior. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Migratory fishes of Brazil: Life history and fish passage needs
Authors: Godinho Alexandre L. , Kynard Boyd 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMany of the most important commercial and recreational species of the megadiverse Brazilian freshwater fishes migrate in rivers among essential habitats during all life stages. These movements, however, have been severely blocked by hundreds of hydroelectric dams and reservoirs and they will be even more obstructed due to hundreds of new developments. Fishways have been used in many countries to allow fish to pass around dams. Fishway construction is booming in Brazil, but poor understanding of migrations by Brazilian fishes has led legislators, scientists, and the public to several misconceptions about the rules of fishways in fisheries conservation. First, is a belief that fishways are only needed to facilitate upstream spawning migrations. Also, it has been suggested that upstream passage for Neotropical migrant fishes is not useful if there is no large free‐flowing stretch upstream of a dam that contains spawning habitat and has a large natural floodplain (nursery habitat). In this paper, we discuss that, in addition to providing passage for pre‐spawning migrants, upstream fishways also provide passage for other fish migrations (e.g. foraging), and that all up‐ and downstream migrations during life history need to be addressed at dams to conserve fish resources. We also argue that an upstream fishway is important even if the upstream reach does not have spawning or nursery habitats. In addition, we discuss the need for protection of downstream migrant fish, and the importance of fish behaviourists and engineers working together on fishway design and operation to solve fish passage issues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.