bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Class of Blue‐Emitting Materials for LED Applications: Triarylamine N‐Functionalised 2,7‐Linked Carbazole Polymers
Authors: Yi Hunan , Iraqi Ahmed , Stevenson Mathew , Elliott Claire J. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAttachment of triarylamino‐functional groups at the 9‐position of 2,7‐linked carbazole polymers results in blue‐emitting materials with two independent redox processes that were attributed to the triarylamino groups and the polymer backbone, respectively. This new class of blue‐emitting conjugated polymers was prepared via a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction and showed low turn‐on voltages in electroluminescent devices as a result of their low ionisation potentials. The photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescent properties of these materials are discussed.magnified image
Local redistricting: The demographic context of boundary drawing
Authors: Morrison Peter A. , Clark William A. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe goal of minority representation has been pursued at the expense of policy‐making bodies of wieldy size and electroal districts patterned after the principles of compactness, contiguity, and uniform population size. Can local redistricting plans in cosmopolitan communities respect the interests of diverse populations without succumbing to Byzantine complexity?
Youth community service: An overview
Authors: Zeller Laurie Hirschfeld 
Published: May 2007

AbstractModern youth community service programs infuse the daily lives of their participants with goals and purpose. They may also provide useful job training, scholarship money, opportunities to mix with other races and social classes, and exposure to the prvileges and responsibilities of citizenship. Enthusiasm for the redeeming power of hard work for the public good may seduce us into judging these programs on the basis of their spirit and intent, however, rather than their results.
The new civic infrastructure: Intersectoral collaboration and the decision‐making process
Authors: Grell Jan , Gappert Gary 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDevolution to the state and local levels of responsibility for economic development, funding of essential services, and many planning functions occurred at a time of high integration of the U.S. economy and unrelenting competition from abroad. What we needed was coordination, but the response was increased fragmentation. Now and in the near future, the external and internal challenges facing our economy and society must be addressed through linkages and relationships among sectors and institutions.
Baltimore: Managing the civics of a “turnaround” community
Authors: Henderson Lenneal J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIronically, the resuscitation of civic spirit and capacity that has spearheaded Baltimore's turnaround was prompted by the abject human conditions that characterized the community's post‐war decline. Effective, sustainable revitalization must focus both on neighborhoods and downtown, have leadership and support from the top as well as the grass‐roots, and draw its energy from collaboration among units of government, neighborhoods, sectors, and organizations.
Citistates and regional governance
Authors: Kirlin John J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhen the community‐revitalization debate is shifted from the local to the regional level, advocates confront the fact that — despite recent reforms — regions have little standing in our federal system. Economically competitive regions offering a range of satisfying experiences for their residents will require a less coercive federalism and a re‐casting of our politics to favor balanced public discussion and encourage commitment to neighborhood and region.
The structural reform impulse in local government: Its past and relevance to the future
Authors: Svara James H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDoes structure matter? Is there value to advocating one form over another? Individual plans, like individual governments and specific administrations, will be judged on their merits, and a preferred structure constitutes a standard for that evaluation. Emprically accepted standards also supply a frame of reference for improving all governments, regardless of structure.
Fourth‐order compact schemes of a heat conduction problem with Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Zhao Jennifer , Dai Weizhong , Niu Tianchan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article, a set of fourth‐order compact finite difference schemes is developed to solve a heat conduction problem with Neumann boundary conditions. It is derived through the compact difference schemes at all interior points, and the combined compact difference schemes at the boundary points. This set of schemes is proved to be globally solvable and unconditionally stable. Numerical examples are provided to verify the accuracy.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Assessment of caregivers' willingness to participate in an intervention research study
Authors: Murphy Margaret R. , Escamilla Monica I. , Blackwell Paula H. , Lucke Kathy T. , Miner‐Williams Denise , Shaw Virginia , Lewis Sharon L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to identify factors that influenced family caregivers' decisions to participate in an intervention research study. In interviews conducted before and after the intervention, caregivers (n=21) described reasons for participation. A focused content analysis was used to examine responses. Themes that emerged included: (a) caregivers recognized a need for help; (b) expectations and motivations toward change; (c) recognition of self worth as caregivers; (d) timeliness of recruitment strategies; (e) support of research staff affected recruitment; and (f) caregivers recognized the benefits of participation. These findings support the importance of many different strategies for effective recruitment of caregivers in future studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 347–355, 2007
The influence of end‐of‐life cancer care on caregivers
Authors: Doorenbos Ardith Z. , Given Barbara , Given Charles W. , Wyatt Gwen , Gift Audrey , Rahbar Mohammad , Jeon Sangchoon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this secondary analysis was to glean from prospective data whether those caring for elderly family members recently diagnosed with cancer who ultimately died reported different caregiver depressive symptomatology and burden than caregivers of those who survived. Findings from interviews with 618 caregivers revealed that caregiver depressive symptomatology differed based on family members' survival status, and spousal caregivers experienced greater burden when a family member was near death than did non‐spousal caregivers. Family member symptoms and limitations in daily living, as well as caregiver health status, age, and employment, were associated with caregiver depressive symptomatology and burden; however, these associations had no interaction with family member survival status. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 270–281, 2007
A comparison of research utilization among nurses working in Canadian civilian and United States Army healthcare settings
Authors: Estabrooks Carole A. , Kenny Deborah J. , Adewale Adeniyi J. , Cummings Greta G. , Mallidou Anastasia A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractResearchers and theorists working in the field of knowledge translation point to the importance of organizational context in influencing research utilization. The study purpose was to compare research utilization in two different healthcare contexts—Canadian civilian and United States (US) Army settings. Contrary to the investigators' expectations, research utilization scores were lower in US Army settings, after controlling for potential predictors. In‐service attendance, library access, belief suspension, gender, and years of experience interacted significantly with the setting (military or civilian) for research utilization. Predictors of research utilization common to both settings were attitude and belief suspension. Predictors in the US Army setting were trust and years of experience, and in the Canadian civilian setting were in‐service attendance, time (organizational), research champion, and library access. While context is of central importance, individual and organizational predictors interact with context in important although not well‐understood ways, and should not be ignored. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 282–296, 2007
Is postal follow‐up of childhood cancer survivors worthwhile?
Authors: Parkes Sheila E. , Jenkinson H.C. , Griffiths A. , Kinch D. , Mann J.R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survival has increased over the last 30 years, but long‐term effects necessitate continued monitoring of survivors. Since not all of them attend follow‐up clinics, this study assesses the efficacy of obtaining information from general practitioners (GPs) through a 5‐year rolling postal program.ProcedureSurvivors were included who had been diagnosed with a malignancy in the West Midlands since 1957 and were not attending central long‐term follow‐up clinics.ResultsOne thousand twenty‐seven patients were followed up between 1993 and 2004. Replies were received on 903 (88% response). There were 44 subsequent malignancies and 42 deaths. No medical problems were reported in 341/935 patients (36.5%); in the other 594 endocrine effects were the most common, with visual effects the biggest single problem. Brain tumor survivors had the largest proportion of problems.ConclusionsThe response rate and information quality achieved show that this method of follow‐up is feasible, in cases of discharged or defaulting patients. These data will complement those derived from hospital‐based follow‐up studies, to give a broader understanding of the spectrum of late effects experienced by survivors and may inform the development of specific long‐term follow‐up protocols. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:80–84. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concerns about infertility risks among pediatric oncology patients and their parents
Authors: Oosterhuis B. Elizabeth , Goodwin Tress , Kiernan Michaela , Hudson Melissa M. , Dahl Gary V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundGiven pediatric cancer patients are living into adulthood, parents and patients need to be informed about fertility‐related side effects of their particular treatment.ProcedureWe surveyed 97 parents of pediatric patients of all ages as well as 37 adolescent patients of 14 years or older who were presented for care at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (LPCH) at the Stanford University Medical Center. We estimated the potential infertility risk (low, intermediate, and high) based on the child's treatment regimen.ResultsIn contrast to our hypothesis, the majority of parents in all three risk categories were concerned about fertility‐related side effects of cancer treatment. Many parents with children at low risk were concerned (58.3%) whereas not all parents with children at intermediate or high risk were concerned, 61.5% and 73.3% respectively, P = 0.43. Indeed, over 50% of all parents were erroneously concerned that cancer therapies cause DNA damage to their child's eggs (or sperm). Only 29.9% of parents were satisfied with the amount of information received. Similar patterns were seen among the adolescent patient sample.ConclusionsParents of pediatric cancer patients and teenage patients have concerns about fertility‐related side effects regardless of treatment received. Targeted education about infertility risk before and after treatment can address these gaps. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:85–89. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteome analysis of proliferative response of bystander cells adjacent to cells exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Gerashchenko Bogdan I. , Yamagata Akira , Oofusa Ken , Yoshizato Katsutoshi , de Toledo Sonia M. , Howell Roger W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecently (Cytometry 2003, 56A, 71–80), we reported that direct cell‐to‐cell contact is required for stimulating proliferation of bystander rat liver cells (WB‐F344) cocultured with irradiated cells, and neither functional gap junction intercellular communication nor long‐range extracellular factors appear to be involved in this proliferative bystander response (PBR). The molecular basis for this response is unknown. Confluent monolayers of WB‐F344 cells were exposed to 5‐Gray (Gy) of γ‐rays. Irradiated cells were mixed with unirradiated cells and co‐cultured for 24 h. Cells were harvested and protein expression was examined using 2‐DE. Protein expression was also determined in cultures of unirradiated and 5‐Gy irradiated cells. Proteins were identified by MS. Nucleophosmin (NPM)‐1, a multifunctional nucleolar protein, was more highly expressed in bystander cells than in either unirradiated or 5‐Gy irradiated cells. Enolase‐α, a glycolytic enzyme, was present in acidic and basic variants in unirradiated cells. In bystander and 5‐Gy irradiated cells, the basic variant was weakly expressed, whereas the acidic variant was overwhelmingly present. These data indicate that the presence of irradiated cells can affect NPM‐1 and enolase‐α in adjacent bystander cells. These proteins appear to participate in molecular events related to the PBR and suggest that this response may involve cellular defense, proliferation, and metabolism.
Comparison of the nuclear proteomes of mammary epithelial cells at different stages of functional differentiation
Authors: Desrivières Sylvane , Kuhn Karsten , Müller Jörg , Gläser Melanie , Laria Nahomi Castro‐Palomino , Korder Jutta , Sonnentag Michael , Neumann Thomas , Schwarz Josef , Schäfer Jürgen , Hamon Christian , Groner Bernd , Prinz Thorsten 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe progression of stem cells to proliferating progenitor cells and finally to a quiescent differentiated state is a hallmark of organ development. This process proceeds through distinct steps and is regulated through cell–cell interactions and by systemically and locally acting factors. We have established a cell culture system which recapitulates features of mammary gland development in vitro and allows the comparison of three characteristic differentiation stages. Cell fate decisions relating to proliferation and differentiation are dependent on the function of proteins in the nucleus. Therefore, we have applied proteomic approaches, including 1‐ and 2‐DE coupled with MS and a gel‐free system, called protein sequence tag technology (PST), to assess the changes in the nuclear protein composition during differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. We identified about 250 individual proteins which are present in the nucleus of proliferating and functionally differentiated mammary epithelial cells. We functionally categorised the differentially expressed proteins and identified a multitude of proteins that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post‐transcriptional level. This analysis greatly enriches our global view of the dynamic changes of nuclear proteins during the development of mammary epithelial cells and suggests models for the control of differentiation‐specific protein expression.
Identification of biomarkers associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in CuZn superoxide dismutase deficient mice
Authors: Elchuri Sailaja , Naeemuddin Mohammed , Sharpe Orr , Robinson William H. , Huang Ting‐Ting 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo identify biomarkers associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, Sod1) deficient mice, 2‐DE followed by MS analysis was carried out with liver samples obtained from 18‐month‐old Sod1−/− and +/+ mice. The intracellular Ca binding protein, regucalcin (RGN), showed a divergent alteration in Sod1−/− samples. Whereas elevated RGN levels were observed in −/− samples with no obvious neoplastic changes, marked reduction in RGN was observed in −/− samples with fully developed HCC. GST mu1 (GSTM1), on the other hand, showed a significant increase only in the neoplastic regions obtained from Sod1−/− livers. No change in GSTM1 was observed in the surrounding normal tissues. Marked reduction was observed in two intracellular lipid transporters, fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and major urinary protein 11 and 8 (MUP 11&8), in Sod1−/− samples. Analysis of additional samples at 18–22 months of age showed a three‐fold increase in enolase activities in Sod1−/− livers. Consistent with previous findings, carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAIII) levels were significantly reduced in Sod1−/− samples, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the reduction was not homogenous throughout the lobular structure in the liver.
Protein prenylation in an insect cell‐free protein synthesis system and identification of products by mass spectrometry
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Ito Masaaki , Ezure Toru , Shikata Masamitsu , Ando Eiji , Utsumi Toshihiko , Tsunasawa Susumu , Nishimura Osamu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the ability of an insect cell‐free protein synthesis system to carry out proper protein prenylation, several CAIX (X indicates any C‐terminal amino acid) sequences were introduced into the C‐terminus of truncated human gelsolin (tGelsolin). Tryptic digests of these mutant proteins were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF MS and MALDI‐quadrupole‐IT‐TOF MS. The results indicated that the insect cell‐free protein synthesis system possesses both farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) I, as is the case of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The C‐terminal amino acid sequence requirements for protein prenylation in this system showed high similarity to those observed in rat prenyltransferases. In the case of rhoC, which is a natural geranylgeranylated protein, it was found that it could serve as a substrate for both prenyltransferases in the presence of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, whereas geranylgeranylation was only observed when both prenyl pyrophosphates were added to the in vitro translation reaction mixture. Thus, a combination of the cell‐free protein synthesis system with MS is an effective strategy to analyze protein prenylation.
Novel analytical method for the crosslinking process: Infrared thermographic analysis of the thermally latent cationic polymerization of a spiroorthoester and a bifunctional oxetane for the construction of a low‐shrinkage curing system
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Nagasawa Tomomi , Asano Yasuhiro , Nagai Daisuke , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThermal behaviors were monitored by infrared thermographic analysis in the copolymerization of a spiroorthoester and a bifunctional oxetane with thermally latent initiators [benzyl tetrahydrothiophenium hexafluoroantimonate (BTHT) and benzyl 4‐hydroxyphenyl methyl sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (BPMS)]. The copolymerization with BPMS increased the temperature during the copolymerization more than that with BTHT, whereas the exothermicities were lowered with the increase in the initial feed ratio of the spiroorthocarbonate monomer. The high exothermicity in the copolymerization with BPMS is ascribable to the faster propagation of the oxetane monomer with a high heat of polymerization, and this is supported by model reactions and computational calculation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2820–2826, 2007
Mutations in the CYP51 gene correlated with changes in sensitivity to sterol 14α‐demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Leroux Pierre , Albertini Catherine , Gautier Angélique , Gredt Michel , Walker Anne‐Sophie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn France, as in many other European countries, Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schröter in Cohn (anamorph Septoria tritici), the causal agent of wheat leaf blotch, is controlled by foliar applications of fungicides. With the recent generalization of resistance to strobilurins (QoIs), reliable control is mainly dependent upon inhibitors of sterol 14α‐demethylation (DMIs). To date, strains with reduced sensitivity to DMIs are widespread, but disease control using members of this class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors has not been compromised. In this study, sensitivity assays based on in vitro effects of fungicides towards germ‐tube elongation allowed the characterization of seven DMI‐resistant phenotypes. In four of them, cross‐resistance was not observed between all tested DMIs; this characteristic concerned prochloraz, triflumizole, fluquinconazole and tebuconazole. Moreover, the highest resistant factors to most DMIs were found only in recent isolates; according to their response towards prochloraz, they were classified into two categories. Molecular studies showed that DMI resistance was associated with mutations in the CYP51 gene encoding the sterol 14α‐demethylase. Alterations at codons 459, 460 and 461 were related to low resistance levels, whereas, at position 381, a valine instead of an isoleucine, in combination with the previous changes, determined the highest resistance levels to all DMIs except prochloraz. Mutations in codons 316 and 317 were also found in some isolates exhibiting low resistance factors towards most DMIs. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Piperonyl butoxide induces the expression of cytochrome P450 and glutathione S‐transferase genes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Willoughby Lee , Batterham Philip , Daborn Phillip J 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPiperonyl butoxide (PBO) is an insecticide synergist known to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. PBO is currently used in some insecticide formulations, and has also been suggested as a pretreatment for some pesticide applications. Little is known about how insects respond to PBO exposure at the gene transcription level. The authors have characterised the transcriptional response of the Drosophila melanogaster genome after PBO treatment, using both a custom‐designed ‘detox’ microarray, containing cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and esterase genes, and a full genome microarray. A subset of P450 and GST genes is identified, along with additional metabolic genes, that are induced by PBO. The gene set is an extremely similar gene set to that induced by phenobarbital, a compound for which pretreatment is known to confer tolerance to a range of insecticide compounds. The implications of the induction of gene families known to metabolise insecticides and the use of PBO in pest management programs are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and characterisation of metal–polymer nanocomposite membranes for electrochemical applications
Authors: Macanás J. , Parrondo J. , Muñoz M. , Alegret S. , Mijangos F. , Muraviev D. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we report the characterization of metal–polymer nanocomposites prepared by a novel simple route based on Polymer Stabilized Metal Nanoparticles (PSMNPs) inter‐matrix synthesis. This route is focused on the use of functionalized polymeric membranes for the synthesis and characterization of both PSMNPs and the nanocomposite obtained. The proposed approach is illustrated by the results obtained by studying the intermatrix synthesis of Pt@Cu‐core‐shell PSMNPs of different compositions in the sulfonated poly(etherether ketone) (SPEEK). Some properties of nanocomposite membrane, such as, for example, electrical conductivity appear to depend on the thickness of Pt‐shell of Pt@Cu‐core‐shell PSMNPs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)