bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic Differentiation and Proliferation of Apical Papilla Stem Cells Using Chitosan-Coated Nanohydroxyapatite and Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles
Authors: Elshahat Sara , Elgendy Abeer Abdelhakim , Elsewify Tarek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation ability and proliferation of apical papilla stem cells (SCAPs) using chitosan-coated nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glass nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods Hydroxyapatite, chitosan-coated nanohydroxyapatite, and bioactive glass 45S5 nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using a transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. SCAPs were harvested from freshly extracted impacted wisdom teeth, cultured, and characterized using flow cytometric analysis. Tested nanomaterials were mixed and samples were classified into five equal groups as follows: negative control group: SCAP with Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, positive control group: SCAP with inductive media, first experimental group: nanohydroxyapatite with SCAP, second experimental group: chitosan-coated nanohydroxyapatite with SCAP, third experimental group: bioactive glass nanoparticles with SCAP. Osteoblastic differentiation was assessed using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) expression was evaluated using specific polyclonal antibodies by fluorescence microscope. The proliferation of SCAP was assessed using cell count and viability of trypan blue in addition to an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results Isolated SCAP showed a nonhematopoietic origin. Chitosan-coated nanohydroxyapatite showed the highest ALP concentration followed by nanobioactive glass, nanohydroxyapatite, and negative control. Chitosan-coated nanohydroxyapatite showed the highest H score followed by nanobioactive glass, nanohydroxyapatite, and negative control in RANKL expression. Chitosan-coated nanohydroxyapatite showed the highest viable cell count.
Conclusion SCAP isolation is achievable from extracted fully impacted immature third molars. All tested biomaterials have the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of SCAP. Composite nanoparticle materials show better osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of SCAP than single nanoparticles.
Skin Tumours in and Around Aligarh (A Clinicopathological Study)*
Authors: Khan M. H. , Tyagi S. P. , Ahuja I. S. , Ansari A. , Tyagi Nirmala 
Published: March 2024

SummaryOne hundred twentyfour casses of skin tumours treated at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh were reviewed. Sixty cases had malignant tumours and the remaining 64 benign tumours, Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant tumour (70.0 percent). The others were basal cell carcinoma (18.4 percent), melanoma (8.3 percent) and metastatic carcinoma (3.3 percent). Skin malignancy constituted 8.19 percent of all malignant growths diagnosed histopathologically.Haemangioma was the commonest benign tumour (46.9 percent), commonly seen in children. Male female ratio of all tumours was 1.7: 1. Benign tumours were seen mostly in children and students while malignant ones were common in farmers.Surgery was the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy was used in inoperable cases, The merits and demerits of different methods of surgical treatment have been discussed.
“Amniotic Membrane As A Biological Dressing Over Wounds”
Authors: Sinka Prof. Dr. R. C. , Sinha Dr. B. B. 
Published: March 2024

Summary1. Sixty cases drawn from different age groups and sexes having wounds resulting from burn injury or trauma or infection were taken up for the study of the utility of amniotic membrane as temporary biological cover.2. The membranes usually survived upto five days on even deep wounds or severely infected wounds after which it had to be replaced. The deep wounds also had healing from margins.3. In all cases bacterial counts dropped down following amnion grafting.
Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis Of Mandible With Pathological Fractures
Authors: Mitra M. , Agrawal K. , Mitra S. K. , Pathak I. C. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryA rare case of tuberculous osteomyelitis mandible with pathological fracture has been reported. The problems in diagnosis and principles of management have been highlighted. Accurate, repair of mucosal tear and longer period of immobilization are necessary.
The Use Of Marlex Mesh For Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Khanna N. N. , Jain Pradeep 
Published: March 2024

SummaryForty cases of incisional hernia underwent operation on which Marlex mesh was used routinely to strengthen the repaired defect. No patient had any major complication in the post-operative period. No patient has so far shown recurrence. Thus Marlex mesh appears to be a satisfactory synthetic prothesis in the repair of incisional hernias.
Skin Cover Of Lower Limb Defect By Gastrocnemius Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Varma Dr. Pramod Kumar , Sinha Dr. Mrs. Mala 
Published: March 2024

SummaryTwo cases of skin cover in the lower limb by Myo-cutaneous flap have been described. Its advantages and its merit over other methods of skin cover in that region have been discussed.
ROLE OF CERVICOMASTOID AND RETROAURICULAR TUBE PEDICLES IN PINNA RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: TAKKAR K. L. , SRIVASTAVA J. L. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe role of cervicomastoid and retroauricular ll1bepedicles in the reconstruction of pinna—either congenitally deformed or traumatically severed is presented. The disadvantages of the conventional procedure of burying carved costal cartilages under the retroauricular skin and producing a pinna from it at a future date have been brought out. The advantages of the two flaps used by us on ten patients have been enumerated. The pinna thus formed was found to be nearer to normal shape and texture and yet the described procedure was found not to be unduly time consuming or risky.
BILATERAL GIANT BREASTS IN AN ADOLESCENT FEMALE
Authors: DAVE B. P. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYGiant fibro-adenoma (Cystosarcoma phylloides) in a girl of 13 years of age is being presented because of its extreme rarity. It is highly probable that the rapid growth of these tummours in the pubertal phase of adolescent females is due to either excessive oestragen stimulation or lack of its antagonists. The present case has been followed-up for two years and there has been no recurrence or any problem after surgery.
DISTALLY BASED SUPERFICIAL SURAL ARTERY FLAP
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Prakash P J , Thomas Binu P , Dhanraj Prema 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYWe describe our experience with the use of distally based superficial sural artery flap for coverage of defects in lower third of leg and foot in 12 patients. In 9 patients the flap was successfully transferred and in 3 cases marginal necrosis of flap occurred. This flap has a constant and reliable blood supply and does not sacrifice a major artery. Other advantages of this flap are easy dissection and is a one stage procedure. In most patients the skin graft site is cosmetically unacceptable.
Correction of Constricted Ear : A Simple Technique
Authors: Kumar P , Thomas P C , Bhaskara K G 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYA simple technique of correction of constricted ear utilizing standard basic principles of plastic surgery is described. Lengthening of the helical lim was achieved byv-y plasty, reconstruction of antihelical fold by Converse-Mustarde procedure and correction of drooping of the upper part of ear by excision of planned amount of skin from superior part of post auricular sulcus.
Dorso-palmar triangular finger flap-A new advancement flap for cover of finger amputations-A preliminary report
Authors: Mishra S 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYA triangular V-Y type advancement flap on the finger has been designed, which advances skin from over the whole circumference of the finger, which includes both palmar and dorsal skin. The flap is sensate too. It is indicated for finger and thumb amputations proximal to the body oethe nail. Six were raised with five successes and one partial necrosis. This is a preliminary report on a new nap.
Partial Excision of Giant Plexiform Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Kumar P , Anand N , Bhaskara K G , Raja A , Ganesh K 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYSeven cases of plexiform neurofibromatosis, which underwent single or multiple partial excisions from 1996-2000 were reviewed for quality of scar, aesthetic results and any other complication. Early results were satisfactory. Follow up period was inadequate to comment on the malignant degeneration at the surgery site.
Effects of tip clearance on non-synchronous aerodynamic excitation of compressor rotor blades
Authors: Zhang Shaoping , Zhao Xing , Wang Songbai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The unstable tip flow of compressor rotor may cause the aeroelastic problems, inducing the non-synchronous vibration with high amplitude level, which has a significant effect on blade high cycle fatigue and safety. In order to investigate the effects of tip clearance on non-synchronous aerodynamic excitation of compressor rotor blades, the full annular numerical simulations were conducted for the unsteady flow field of a 1.5-stage compressor under near stall conditions. The frequency characteristics of non-synchronous aerodynamic excitation and tip unstable flow structure were analysed for different tip clearances (0.5%C, 1.0%C, 2.0%C, and 3.0%C). The results showed that the frequency and amplitude are strongly influenced by the tip clearance size. For 0.5%C tip clearance, the main frequency of non-synchronous aerodynamic excitation is the low-frequency aerodynamic excitation frequency, which is mainly caused by tornado-like vortex in the tip suction side, the dominant aerodynamic disturbance mode number is 19. For 2.0%C and 3.0%C tip clearance, the dominant aerodynamic disturbance mode number is 47, and the main aerodynamic excitation frequency is high frequency non-synchronous aerodynamic excitation frequency, mainly caused by the shedding vortices propagating circumferentially at the blade tip, exhibiting the feature of “rotating instability”.
Performance prediction and loss evaluation of the carbon dioxide supersonic nozzle considering the non-equilibrium condensation
Authors: Guojie Zhang , Yunpeng Li , Jianming Ye , Zunlong Jin , Dykas Sławomir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is being considered as a promising working medium in energy conversion and refrigeration cycles due to its unique properties. When carbon dioxide flows with supersonic in turbo machinery (compressor), the non-equilibrium effect is enhanced due to the large change of fluid velocity, resulting in non-equilibrium condensation of the blade, which will seriously affect the performance of the compressor. Considering the similarities in flow characteristics between the nozzle and the compressor blade, the condensing flow of the blade can be predicted by simulating in a nozzle. The real gas model is used. The pressure and the nucleation rate are predicted based on the modified model, and the flow losses and thermal efficiency are analyzed in different states. The results show that the pressure variation in the nozzle aligns well with the experimental data. When the fluid transitions from subcritical to supercritical, the condensation interval decreases and the peak of the nucleation rate increases. The maximum supercooling decreases gradually. The flow losses are relatively large, and the thermal efficiency is low.
Research and application of wide and efficient hydraulic design in centrifugal pump
Authors: Wang Zhewen , Li Jiejun , Hou Duohua , Qiao Yulan , Wu Maojing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Through the analysis of the wide and efficient mechanism of centrifugal pump, this paper finds that the shape of the blade inlet angle to the outlet angle distribution line of the centrifugal pump impeller within the blade wrapping angle is the key factor determining the width and efficiency. Two sets of blade thickening laws are adopted, namely the equal thickness type and the NACA1933 air-foil. Tests have shown that the hill-type is superior Linear scheme, NACA1933 air-foil blades are superior to equal-thickness blades. The hill-type solution achieves the performance indicators of wide and efficient centrifugal pumps. Firstly, the angle distribution line of the inlet angle to the outlet angle of the pump is designed, and the calculus equation is applied to solve the conformal transformation line in the square grid, so as to produce a wide and efficient centrifugal pump impeller profile. The design method is applied to different specific speed centrifugal pumps, and the test results show that this method achieves the purpose of wide and efficient centrifugal pump, reaches the international advanced level, and provides a new method for the hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.
Influence of bionic structure on hydraulic performance and drag reduction effect of a centrifugal pump
Authors: Liu J , Zhang F , Zhu L F , Yuan S Q , Xu R H , Zhang H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on bionic theory, miniature dimple-type structures are constructed on the blades of a single-stage centrifugal pump to investigate the influence of the bionic structures on the hydraulic performance and drag reduction effect of the pump. The results show that dimples with shallower depth and which are located near the front section of the blade suction surfaces are more effective in improving the efficiency and reducing the drag of the pump. At small flow rate, due to the mismatch between the incoming flow angle and the blade placement angle, serious flow separation occurs in several flow channels, accompanied by the formation of the vortices, which would deteriorate the performance of the pump. With the arrangement of the dimples on blade suction surfaces, some low-speed vortices formed in the dimples, which is equivalent to increasing the effective thickness of the viscous substrate layer and decreasing the velocity gradient of the boundary layer. Therefore, the velocity distribution in the flow channels gets more uniform, and the turbulence kinetic energy and wall shear stress are thereby reduced.
Numerical investigation on cavitation performance for centrifugal pumps with different impeller inlet geometry
Authors: Zhang Z Y , Luo X W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the centrifugal pump, cavitation often leads to the noise and pressure pulsation, further affects the performance and operation of the pump. Therefore, it is essential to improve cavitation performance at the stage of pump design. In this paper, three centrifugal pump impellers are designed by using different inlet geometry, where one is the conventional type and has cross section diffusion of flow passage along flow direction, and other two impellers are proposed and have cross section contraction of flow passage from impeller inlet to exit. For comparison of cavitation performance, the three-dimensional cavitating turbulent flows are simulated using the RANS method for the pumps. The results show that the pumps with the proposed meridional section have much better cavitation performance at design point while their hydraulic efficiency is also improved at larger flow rate, compared with that with the conventional meridional section design. Extending the blade leading edge of the proposed impeller is very helpful to obtain better cavitation performance further due to the uniform flow and smaller pressure drop around impeller inlet.
Study on unsteady characteristics of the reactor coolant pump under non-uniform inflow
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Rongyong , Guo Xi’an , Zhu Rongsheng , Yuan Shouqi , Long Yun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The primary circuit of a nuclear power plant contains a steam generator (SG) and two vertical reactor coolant pumps (RCPs). Two RCPs are installed at the bottom of the SG. The structure of the channel-head of the SG is special, which leads to uneven flow from the RCP inlet and affects the operation performance of the pump. Taking the RCP of the third-generation reactor as the research object, the unsteady characteristics of the third-generation RCP under non-uniform inflow conditions were investigated using CFD, and the pressure pulsation characteristics inside the RCP were mainly studied. A series of monitoring points were set at the channel of the channel-head, impeller, diffuser and casing section respectively to study the influence of non-uniform flow on the pressure fluctuation and radial force distribution of the RCP. The results show that non-uniform inflow can cause instability in pressure fluctuations in the “throat” region of the channel-head. The interaction between the impeller and diffuser can cause pressure pulsation from the impeller outlet to the diffuser inlet, potentially impacting the safe and stable operation of the RCP. This research provides certain theoretical support for the design of RCPs under the condition of non-uniform inflow.
Comparative study of the cavitation situation and the non-cavitation situation under unsteady flow phenomena of a centrifugal pump
Authors: Nie Lun , Liu ZhuQing , Yang Wei , Li YaoJun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Numerical simulations in three dimensions, both with and without cavitation, were conducted to determine the influence of cavitation on a centrifugal pump. The reliability and accuracy of the numerical model were demonstrated through satisfactory agreement between the experimental and numerical values of the pump’s performance. An in-depth analysis of the correlation between performance characteristics and cavitation was undertaken. The research results indicate that cavity bubbles initially appear near the suction surface of the blade and gradually extend toward the middle of the blade-channel as cavitation intensifies. Moreover, based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that head characteristics are linked to the development of cavitation on the suction surface of the leading edge of the blade runner. A detailed analysis of experimental data and simulation results reveals that cavitation obstructs the flow channel and alters water flow direction, thereby diminishing operational capacity.
Numerical assessment of erosion wear in Pelton turbine injectors
Authors: Fan W R , Guo P C , Sun L G , Zheng X B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Pelton turbine is the main type of turbine used to develop hydropower resources in high-head sections and is more sensitive to sediment erosion. To analyse the causes of asymmetric erosion distribution on the injector surface, a solid-liquid-gas three-phase numerical study of Pelton turbine injectors is carried out. The results indicate that as the sediment diameter increases, the differences in particle discharge distribution among the jets of each branch also increase, and the asymmetric erosion distribution on the injector surface becomes stronger. The particle trajectory is influenced by the vortex structure, and fine particles mainly cause banded erosion, while coarse particles cause sheet erosion. At constant inflow conditions, the particle residence time is related to erosion morphology, and the particle velocity and the number of impacts affect the erosion rate on the injector surface. It is recommended to avoid long-term operation of the turbine under conditions of excessively small or large sediment diameters and to pay attention to the sediment erosion degree of the middle branch needle and the end branch nozzle of the water supply mechanism. The research findings of this paper can provide references for further optimization of the design, operation, and maintenance of the Pelton turbine.
Effect of different draft tube designs on the phase resonance in a pump-turbine based on compressible CFD simulation
Authors: Fang Y J , Xiao Y J , Liu D M , Wang G J , Zhang J F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An investigation into projects with significant noise issues during full-load turbine operation revealed a distinct draft tube elbow design difference compared to more successful projects. This prompted an initiative to explore the impact of draft tube shape on pressure pulsations within the pump-turbine during full-load operation. Various draft tube designs were tested on the same prototype-scale pump-turbine unit using 3D compressible transient simulations. Results indicated increased pressure pulsation amplitude in the spiral casing for the flat elbow draft tube, accompanied by phase shifts that rendered pressure pulsations close to zero at certain locations, converting direct pulsations into indirect ones. Moreover, phase variations in the opposing runner channel aligned with multiples of the rotation period, suggesting possible cancellation of pressure pulsation waves. These improvements were confirmed through contour analysis, which showed reduced negative pressure areas in the draft tube, minimized pressure differences, and more uniform and stable streamlines. This study analyses the influence of draft tube shape on internal flow field pressure fluctuations, offering theoretical insights for enhancing pump turbine stability and guiding further research.
Multi-objective optimization design of aerodynamic and infrared characteristics of multi-stream serpentine nozzle
Authors: Xu Jianyu , Zhou Li , Shi Jie , Meng Yubo , Shi Jingwei , Wang Zhanxue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A multi-objective optimization design of multi-stream serpentine nozzle was carried out to improve the aerodynamic performance and reduce the infrared radiation signal. A numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), Aspect ratio (AR) and Ratio of length and diameter (L/D). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to study the aerodynamic performance of the multi-stream serpentine nozzle, and the narrow-band method with discrete transfer method were used to calculate its infrared radiation intensity distribution characteristics. A 3-factor, 21-level orthogonal table was designed based on the orthogonal experimental method, and multi-stream serpentine nozzle with different geometrical parameter and operating conditions were designed to obtain the aerodynamic performance and infrared radiation intensity data of each experimental sample point. Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm were used to optimize the geometry and operating conditions with better aerodynamic performance and weaker infrared signal. The result shows that the Pareto solutions obtained by the optimization have good accuracy compared with the numerical simulation results, with an aerodynamic performance error of 0.02% and an infrared radiation intensity error of 0.24%.
Influences of nozzle pressure ratio on flow characteristics of serpentine multi-stream supersonic nozzle
Authors: Meng Yubo , Shi Jingwei , Zhou Li , Zhang Yi , Wang Zhanxue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The serpentine multi-stream supersonic nozzle (SMSN) is adopted for the multi-stream exhausted system of the Adaptive Cycle Engine to enhance the stealth performance of next-generation fighter. In this paper, the effects of the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) on the flow characteristics of the SMSN were studied using the numerical simulation method validated by experimental data. The serpentine configuration leads to the nonuniform pressure distribution. At the mixing position, the expansion and shock waves are generated due to the pressure difference. As the NPR increases, the flow separation and shock wave in the mixing section gradually weaken and disappear. The thrust coefficient rises first and then drops. Due to the flow separation under the design condition, the thrust coefficient is the largest at MPR=6 and TPR=2.272. As the MPR increases at TPR=1.893, the compression effect of the main flow is enhanced on the upper third flow. The thrust coefficient rises first and then drops, and reaches the maximum at MPR=6. As the TPR increases at MPR=5, the compression effect of the main flow is weakened on the upper third flow. The thrust coefficient rises first and then drops, and reaches the maximum at TPR=2.272.