bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal topical flunisolide therapy in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: GALE A. E. , SOLOMON E. , TAO B. S. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study tested the effectiveness of flunisolide in the treatment of children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Thirty‐five children between the ages of 5 and 14 years used an intransal preparation of either flunisolide (200 μg/day) or placebo for a 6‐week double‐blind parallel trial consisting of a 2‐week baseline phase and a 4‐week treatment phase, conducted during a period of ‘high’ pollen counts in Adelaide, South Australia.Flunisolide was effective in reducing four symptoms of hay fever: sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose and eye itch. Sixty‐four percent of the flunisolide‐treated group and 33% of the placebo‐treated group noted substantial or total control of their hay fever symptoms (P <0.05).The effect of the intranasal administration of flunisolide on the pituitary‐adrenal axis was monitored by performing plasma cortisol measurements (a.m. and p.m.) and 24‐hr urinary free cortisol excretion studies for each patient. The data confirmed that 200 μg/day intranasal flunisolide does not suppress the pituitary‐adrenal‐axis in this young patient population.
The role of calcium in the generation of intracellular SRS‐A in passively sensitized human lung challenged with antigen
Authors: HUTCHCROFT B. J. , ORANGE R. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCalcium deprivation inhibits the formation and subsequent release of SRS‐A as well as histamine from passively sensitized human lung fragments challenged with antigen. Antimycin A inhibits the release of histamine and SRS‐A in a dose dependant fashion, while causing a mild inhibition of SRS‐A formation throughout the dose range studied. These data suggest that the influx of calcium is the critical event for the generation of SRS‐A within the cell.
The atopic syndrome: in vitro immunological characteristics of clinically defined subgroups of atopic subjects
Authors: TURNER M. W. , BROSTOFF J. , MOWBRAY J. F. , SKELTON ANTOINETTE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTotal IgE, selected specific IgE antibody levels, C2 and yeast opsonization were measured in four clinically defined subgroups of atopic patients who had previously been HLA‐typed. Each group was characterized by a distinctive mean total IgE level and profile of specific IgE responses. All groups gave comparable levels of IgE antibodies to Timothy grass pollen but in patients initially presenting with infantile eczema and who subsequently developed asthma and/or hay fever, IgE antibodies to bovine milk proteins, egg ovalbumin and cat dander were frequently observed whereas in patients initially presenting with hay fever later in life these antibodies were usually absent. Computer assisted analysis failed to show any association between IgE antibody responses and (a) the HLA phenotypes A1,B8 and A3,B7 (b) C2 levels and (c) the yeast opsonization index.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation by tartrazine and a pyrazolone analogue in normal and allergic individuals
Authors: GALLAGHER J. S. , SPLANSKY G. L. , BERNSTEIN I. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of tartrazine (T) (yellow dye No. 5) and one of its metabolites an aminopyrazolone analogue (1‐sulphophenyl‐3‐carboxy‐5‐hydroxypyruzole, SCHP) upon collagen‐induced platelet aggregation (C‐PA) was investigated in fourteen atopic patients and fourteen normal subjects. Both T and SCHP inhibited C‐PA in atopic patients at significantly lower doses than in normal volunteers. The mean inhibitory concentrations of SCHP were similar to aspirin in both atopic and normal individuals. Although the precise mechanism by which these chemicals block C‐PA has not been elucidated, this in vitro system may be a useful method of assessing non‐immune mechanisms involved in reactions to tartrazine.
Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico‐physiological and immunological studies
Authors: NOVEY H. S , KEENAN W. J. , FAIRSHTER R. D. , WELLS I. D. , WILSON A. F. , CULVER B. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf the twenty‐three employees at a pharmaceutical plant manufacturing a new product containing papain, twelve had respiratory symptoms of cough, wheezing, dyspnoea, or chest paint. Most were studied with in‐depth interviews by a doctor, extensive pulmonary function tests, and imnunoserological tests for IgE and precipitating antibodies specific for papain, as well as total IgE levels and IgE antibodies to common natural allergens.There were significant correlates (all P values <0.05) between the presence of specific IgE antibodies to papain and decreases of FEV1, FEF75–85, RV, and response to bronchodilators as percentage change from baseline for all spirographic flow rates. Atopic workers developed pulmonary symptoms and antipapain antibodies significantly sooner after papain exposure than did the others.Duration of exposure had no effect on symptomatology, pulmonary function, or immunological response. However, those judged to have the greatest amount of dust exposure per work‐day had significantly more pulmonary symptoms (P < 0.005).Papain produced lung diseases by acting as an inhalant allergen rather than a proteolytic enzyme, Papain is a potent sensitizer in humans for the production of respiratory disease. The pulmonary reactions, based on physiological data, seem to involve small airways, alveolar, and interstitial lung tissue in an inflammatory rather than destructive manner, and thus resemble bronchitis and interstitial lung disease rather than pulmonary emphysema or typical bronchial asthma.
Oesophagitis—a complication of inhaled steroid therapy
Authors: HEMSTREET M. P. B , REYNOLDS D. W. , MEADOWS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe hazards of steroid therapy, both inhaled and oral, in the asthmatic patient are well recognized. The following case report presents an unusual complication of steroid therapy, namely, that of a concomitant Candida and Herpes simplex oesophagitis occurring in a steroid‐dependent 15‐year‐old asthmatic who had been maintained on inhaled beclomethasone for approximately 15 months. Oesophagoscopy revealed a ‘cottage cheese’ appearance of the distal oesophagus. Cultures of the biopsy specimens obtained during oesophagoscopy grew Candida and Herpes simplex virus. Lymphocyte stimulation studies were consistent with a primary cellular response, although the neutralizing antibody titres to the Herpes simplex virus were intially high and remained stable throughout the illness and convalescent period. The patient responded well to oral nystatin therapy and developed no evidence of disseminated herpes. Eleven months after the initial episode, the patient's oropharynx cultured Herpes simplex virus but not Candida.Doctors who care for asthmatic patients need to be aware of the possibility of a herpetic as well as a candidal oesophagitis as a significant complication of inhaled steroid therapy.
Prick testing for allergens standardized by using a precision needle
Authors: BROWN H. M. , SU S. , THANTREY N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new standardized precision needle which virtually removes operator variation from skin prick testing with allegens is described. The instrument is simple and robust, and the results of its use are demonstrated. The most important finding was that the use of strong pollen extracts produced very inconsistent and irregular weals, but when suitably diluted, or used on mildly sensitive skins, reproducibility of the response was excellent and it is therefore ideal for titration of skin sensitivity and biological assessment of the potency of allergens. The standard needle was also compared with two other methods of skin prick testing. Results were similar but the standard needle showed the least variation.
A pulmonary survey of grain handlers in the West of Scotland
Authors: PATEL K. R. , SYMINGTON I. S. , POLLOCK R. , SHAW A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA pulmonary survey was undertaken in a large granary in the West of Scotland. The lung functions and respiratory symptoms were compared in nineteen atopic and fifty‐six non‐atopic grain handlers with reference to their smoking habits and also to forty‐eight control subjects with no previous exposure to grain dust. Cigarette smokers from the granary workers and the control group had more respiratory symptoms and significantly lower PF, FEV1, V25 and V50. The atopic grain handlers, on the other hand, had better ventilatory functions compared to non‐atopic workers. This difference in the atopic group may be related to their lower cigarette consumption, shorter service in the granary or the process of self selection. The grain handlers with wheeze or breathlessness at work had significantly higher incidence of restrictive type MEFV curves and this could not be attributed to increased cigarette consumption, atopy or longer duration of employment and there was no correlation between severity of symptoms and occupational exposure. Although PF, FEV1, FVC, V25, V50 and V75failed to show significant differences in granary workers and controls, the shape of MEFV curve may have significance as a sensitive indicator of the effect of grain dust as a preclinical stage.
Anaphylaxis due to succinylcholine
Authors: MONERET‐VAUTRIN D. A. , LAXENAIRE M. C. , MOELLER R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe antigen non‐specific release of histamine by synthetic neuromuscular blocking agents is well known, though our review of thirty‐two cases reported in the literature of anaphylactoid reactions to succinylcholine, shows that there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the signs are due to anaphylactic or to anaphylactoid reactions.We have examined thirteen cases in whom evidence of anaphylactic sensitization was examined by direct skin tests (in eleven cases) Prausnitz‐Küstner tests (in five), rabbit basophil degranulation, Shelley test (in twelve) and human basophil degranulation (in seven). These tests were done on two to four occasions, and the optimal period for the first test ascertained to be 6 to 12 weeks after the episode. All eleven patients examined by direct skin tests showed evidence of anaphylactic sensitivity, and in three of five cases the sensitivity could be transferred by the Prausnitz‐Küstner procedure. In one of these P‐K tests there was evidence of both IgE and of IgG S‐TS antibodies (heat‐stable antibody conferring sensitivity for 2 hr).Particular susceptibilities to adverse reactions to this drug appear to be prior drug allergy (in 50% of cases), several previous anaesthetics, and atopy.
A study of immunoglobulin G subclasses in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: STOKES T. C. , TURTON C. W. G. , TURNER‐WARWICK M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTotal IgG, IgG subclass and total IgE levels were measured in thirty‐one patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (APBA), and age‐matched groups of extrinsic asthmatics and normal controls. Compared to controls, total IgG was significantly greater in ABPA (P < 0.01) and asthmatics (P0.01); IgG1 levels were also greater in ABPA (P < 0.01) and asthma (P < 0.01). In ABPA alone the levels of IgG2 (P < 0.05), IgG3 (P < 0.01) and IgG4 (P < 0.05) were greater than in controls, while the asthmatics did not differ significantly from either of these groups. There was no correlation between total IgE and any of the subclases in the three groups.
An open comparison of dosage frequencies of beclomethasone dipropionate in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: MUNCH E. , GOMEZ G. , HARRIS C. , LACK R. P. , EDWARDS V. A. , O'CONNOR P. , SNOWDEN D. V. , MYGIND N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn an open group‐comparative study, 123 adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups; each of which received a daily dose of 400 μg beclomethasone dipropionate as (1) one puff in each nostril four times daily, (2) two puffs in each nostril twice daily and (3) four puffs in each nostril once per day. The result of treatment was assessed on daily symptom scores and the use of antihistamine tablets. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. The results indicate that it is unnecessary to give beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray four times daily, and treatment in the morning and in the evening is recommended.
Increased release of histamine by anti‐IgE from leucocytes of asthmatic patients and possible heterogeneity of IgE
Authors: ASSEM E. S. K. , ATTALLAH N. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA study was made of the significantly increased amounts of histamine released by anti‐IgE from the leucocytes of asthmatic and allergic patients, particularly in patients with a low level of serum IgE. By measuring cell‐bound IgE and histamine release with anti‐IgE, particularly after passive sensitization of human leucocytes, it was possible to show that serum IgE in some allergic patients differed from that in normal subjects in two respects. Firstly, it appeared to have a relatively high leucocyte binding affinity, though this could not be proved conclusively. Secondly, and more importantly, IgE of some patients could more readily mediate histamine release with anti‐IgE, that is to say it had a greater efficacy. These properties should be differentiated from another feature of allergic individuals, that is the more ready releasability of histamine from the patients' own leucocytes.
Human antibodies against antigens of the sparrow, blackbird, weaver finch, canary, budgerigar, pigeon and hen using the indirect immunofluorescent technique
Authors: SENNEKAMP J. , LANGE GABRIELE , NERGER K. , BERDEL D. , MEIER‐SYDOW J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDetection of antibodies against various birds, particularly against exotic birds, can be facilitated using the sensitive immunofluorescent technique on avian fixed‐intestine cryostat sections. Different fluorescent patterns corresponding to different human anti‐avian antibodies have been observed. Sixty of 100 human sera containing antibodies against one avian species, predominantly pigeon, reacted also with all other avian species intestines; the remaining forty were more specific and reacted with a few species only. Cross reactions with antigens in song bird intestines indicate the presence of a broad spectrum of antibodies in patients with bird fancier's lung.
A clinical comparison of topical clobetasone butyrate and sodium cromoglycate in allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: FRANKLAND A. W. , WALKER S. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryClobetasone butyrate (0.1%), a new topical corticosteroid eye preparation for the treatment of ocular inflammation, has been compared with sodium cromoglycate (2%) eye drops in thirty‐nine patients experiencing allergic conjunctivitis during the hay fever season. In this double‐blind, within‐patient comparative study both preparations were effective in relieving the patients' symptoms of conjunctivitis. However, clobetasone butyrate was clinically more effective than sodium cromoglycate as determined by symptom score card analysis (P<0.01) and the patients' overall assessment of treatment (P<0.05). Patients' preference for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was markedly in favour of clobetasone butyrate (P<0.001).
Sodium cromoglycate delivered by pressurized aerosol in the treatment of asthma
Authors: SO S. Y. , YU D. Y. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySodium cromoglycate (SCG) powder often clumps in the presence of high humidity, making inhalation ineffective. A pressurized aerosol containing 1 mg SCG per actuation was made; and a double‐blind cross‐over trial in twenty‐four young patients with perennial extrinsic asthma over 8 weeks showed that 2 mg of SCG aerosol was as effective as 20 mg of the powder, and almost all patients preferred using the aerosol.
Modulation of Fc receptors of thymus‐derived lymphocytes by antigen E in ragweed‐sensitive and ragweed non‐sensitive subjects
Authors: ONG K. S. , GRIECO M. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn ragweed‐sensitive and ragweed non‐sensitive subjects the proportions of T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (Tγ) and IgM (Tμ) were examined as obtained from the blood, and after treatment in vitro with ragweed antigen E or concanavalin‐A.The proportion of Tγ and Tμ cells, from the peripheral blood of ragweed‐sensitive and ragweed non‐sensitive persons, untreated in vitro, were not statistically different. However when T cells from ragweed‐sensitive subjects were exposed to ragweed antigen E, the Tμ subpopulation was significantly increased (P < 0.001) without change in the Tγ population. The reverse change occurred when cells of ragweed non‐sensitive subjects were treated with antigen E; there was an increase in the Tγ subpopulation (P= 0.01) but no change in number of the Tμ cells. Cells from both the sensitive and non‐sensitive groups showed increase in number of Tγ and reduced numbers of Tμ cells when incubated with concanavalin A.Since Tγ and Tμ cells appear to have a regulatory function on B lymphocyte differentiation and antibody production, the pattern of responses of Tγ and Tμ subpopulations in vitro to antigen E in ragweed‐sensitive and ragweed non‐sensitive subjects may reflect a difference in the cellular control of the immune response to ragweed antigen E.
Amplification of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for measuring allergen‐specific IgE and IgG antibody
Authors: METZGER W. J. , BUTLER J. E. , SWANSON PRISCILLA , REINDERS* E. , RICHERSON H. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe amplified enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (a‐ELISA) has been successfully applied to the measurement of allergen‐specific IgE and IgG antibodies. Data presented indicate a high positive correlation among measurements of IgE‐specific antibodies to ragweed antigen E using the a‐ELISA, RAST and radiometric assay of Zeiss. Similarly, a high correlation between allergen‐specific IgG antibodies measured by the a‐ELISA and Farr assay was also observed. Data presented indicate that the measurement of serum IgE antibodies in the linear region of the ELISA titration plot is unaffected by competition with IgG antibodies. The assay is sensitive, reliable, and without risk to laboratory personnel. It is capable of measuring both IgE and IgG antibodies in patients using the same assay system.
Chronic urticaria and angioedema
Authors: SMALL P. , BARRETT DOREEN , BISKIN NATALIE , CHAMPLIN EUNICE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf 231 patients evaluated for chronic urticaria and angioedema (CUA), 192 were diagnosed as having an idiopathic condition. The roles of serum IgE, complement (CH50), and immune complexes (IC) were investigated in 112 patients with idiopathic CUA. Immediate skin tests were not helpful, but total IgE was elevated in 13%, equally divided between dermographic (D) and non‐dermographic (ND) patients. Depressed haemolytic complement (CH50) was noted in 10% of CUA, all of whom were D. Serum IC were elevated in 38%, equally divided between D and ND patients. There was no relationship between depressed CH50and elevated IC. Skin biopsies, evaluated by both light and immunofluorescent techniques, were negative for all specimens tested.The pathophysiology of idiopathic CUA is multifactorial, with a variety of immunological mechanisms involving serum IgE, CH50, and IC. The relationship between depressed CH50and dermographism was noted but unexplained by serum or tissue studies.
Asthma associated with a circulating IgG antibody to Calliphora maggots
Authors: STOCKLEY R. A. , HILL S. L. , DREW R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe case report of an angler with delayed onset asthma, following fishing with Calliphora (Blue Bottle) maggots, is presented. The investigations showed that the symptoms were associated with the presence of a circulating IgG antibody to a crude water soluble maggot extract. The patient progressed to develop symptoms suggestive of immune complex disease.
Specific serum IgE antibodies to bacterial antigens in allergic lung disease*
Authors: TEE ROSEMARY D. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA radio‐allergosorbent test (RAST) to measure specific IgE antibodies in man to whole bacterial cells of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcasaureus and Haemophilus influenzae was developed to investigate different well‐defined lung diseases (chronic bronchitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, cystic fibrosis) and also in urticaria as compared with non‐atopic blood donors, in addition, total IgE values and skin prick tests were assessed in these patients.The ABPA group gave the highest specific IgE RAST scores to all three bacteria. whilst the chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis groups also gave raised RAST scores withH. influenzae.There was a positive correlation between the patients' Sta. aureus and Str. pneumoniae immediate‐type skin reactions and their RAST scores and total serum IgE concentrations, but there was only a low incidence of immediate‐type skin test positivity to H. influenzae.
Eosinophilia VI, spontaneous synthesis of chemokinetic, chemotactic, complement receptor‐inducing activities for eosinophils by bronchial T lymphocytes of asthmatic‐bronchitic patients
Authors: PARISH W. E. , LUCKHURST E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryT lymphocytes were separated from the bronchial mucus of five patients with extrinsic asthma and chronic mild bronchitis and who had numerous eosinophils in the bronchial mucus but no significant blood eosinophilia. The bronchial lymphocytes spontaneously, that is without treatment with antigens or mitogens, released into serum‐free synthetic medium one or more substances in the molecular weight range of 30 000 to 60 000 daltons. These substances when tested on eosinophils of normal persons stimulated random movement (chemokinesis), attracted them (chemotaxis), enhanced their chemotactic response to activated complement, and increased the expression of C4 and C3b receptors. Chemokinetic and chemotactic activity for neutropils was weak. No eosinophil‐stimulating activity was found in cultures of bronchial lymphocytes treated with puromycin to inhibit synthesis. The blood lymphocytes did not spontaneously synthesize the substance(s).It is not known if the several eosinophil‐stimulating activities are due to one or more substance(s), but the nature of the eosinophil responses, molecular weight and other features, indicate similarities with the ‘eosinophil stimulation promoter‐chemotactic’ factor reported to be released from mouse or human lymphocytes treated with antigen.Eosinophil stimulation resulting in increased expression of specific receptors, and potential for non‐specific adherence, by trapping or arresting randomly migrating cells, is believed to mediate accumulation of cells in an affected organ. Prolonged synthesis of such products, as from activated lymphocytes in the lung, could account for much of the local eosinophilia.
Specific IgA and IgE in childhood asthma, eczema and food allergy
Authors: TAYLOR B. , FERGUSSON D. M. , MAHONEY G. N. , HARTLEY W. A. , ABBOTT J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllergen‐specific IgA and IgE antibodies were compared in 250 children with asthma (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, rye grass pollen), in eighty‐six children with eczema (whole egg, cow's milk) and in two groups of children with egg and cow's milk allergy.In each of the conditions investigated, food allergy, asthma and eczema, increasing atopy was associated with increasing specific IgE levels to relevant allergens.There was no association of high IgE antibody levels with low IgA antibody levels in any of the conditions or allergens studied. There was, however, a tendency for subjects with more severe asthma to have high IgA levels with high IgE levels. IgA deficiency does not appear to be associated with atopic conditions of childhood.