bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel bistrifluoromethyl‐based hydrazones as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase enzymes for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dincel Efe Doğukan , Başoğlu‐Ünal Faika , Kuran Ebru Didem , Kayra Tülay , Aydın Nurcan , Kanber Esmanur , Gülçin İlhami , Ulusoy‐Güzeldemirci Nuray 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this project, non‐sulfonamide bistrifluoromethyl‐derived hydrazide‐hydrazones were synthesized as multi‐target‐directed ligands to treat Alzheimer's disease and then, the novel derivatives were characterized by diverse spectral methods. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitory qualifications of these compounds were determined. The reported compounds (2a‐y) were determined to be effective inhibitors of the hCA I, hCA II and AChE enzymes with Ki values in the range of 1.130 ± 0.15–5.440 ± 0.93 μM for hCA I, 0.894 ± 0.05–6.647 ± 1.35 μM for hCA II, and 0.196 ± 0.03–4.222 ± 1.04 μM for AChE. In silico studies were also performed to illuminate the binding interactions.
The use of Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children in schools to improve the ability of children with autism to complete tasks independently: A single‐case meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Kun , Liu Xinchao , Li Shuting , Zhang Yuxin , An Rui , Ma Siyue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) intervention in schools for improving independent task performance in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).MethodsWe screened relevant studies published up to December 2022 from Web of science, ERIC, PsycINFO and other databases using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify suitable intervention studies for meta‐analysis. Tau‐U effect sizes were calculated for each A‐B comparison extracted from the included experiments. Moderated analyses were conducted to examine the type of intervention (independent variable), intervention target behaviours (dependent variable), participant characteristics, setting characteristics and intervener characteristics.ResultsA total of 14 studies (38 participants) met the criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The analysis results showed that TEACCH had a significant intervention effect, and the overall intervention effect size was Tau‐U = 0.85[0.77, 0.91]. There were significant differences in the intervention target behaviour variables (p < 0.01), limited variation in the intervention type variables, but no differences in participant characteristics, setting characteristics and intervenor characteristics.ConclusionThe use of TEACCH is effective in improving independent task completion in children with ASD and provides evidence‐based recommendations for its extended use in schools.
Managing type 1 diabetes of a child: Parents' perspectives
Authors: Lin Fang‐Yi , Lee Tzu‐Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeManaging type 1 diabetes (T1D) challenges children and their parents. Parents need to learn the necessary skills and later transfer the responsibility of care to their children as they develop. The transition process involves autonomy in behaviour and decision‐making. This study explores the shared management experiences of Taiwanese parents and their children with type 1 diabetes.Design and methodsThis study employed a qualitative design using a grounded theory approach. Purposive sampling was used at a medical centre in Taiwan for participant recruitment. Twenty‐nine parents of children who had been diagnosed with T1D were interviewed in‐depth. Data were analysed using constant comparison and repeated verification.ResultsAfter a child was diagnosed with T1D, the parents initiated ‘Life‐long lesson: Growing together with the child on the road to normality’. Three main categories emerged: ‘confronting the disease diagnosis’, ‘establishing supportive and collaborative involvement’ and ‘assisting the child in building a sense of belonging’. Sub‐categories within each significant category were also included.ConclusionsTaiwanese parents perhaps have a controlling or directive role for a long period in their child's lives and shared management of their health condition. This study's findings can help healthcare workers better understand the process of parents' shared management of T1D with their children and how to best communicate with children about the disease and care in accordance with the child's stage of development.
Socio‐economic inequities in emergency department visits for wholly alcohol‐attributable acute and chronic harms in Canada, 2003–2017
Authors: Benny Claire , Hobin Erin , Andreacchi Alessandra T. , Schwartz Naomi , Smith Brendan T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with low socio‐economic position (SEP) experience disproportionate alcohol‐attributable harm. Limited research has investigated whether these inequities are driven by alcohol‐attributable conditions that are acute or chronic. The study aimed to estimate the sex‐specific associations between SEP and incident wholly alcohol‐attributable emergency department (ED) visits for acute and chronic harms, respectively.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using the Canadian Community Health Survey (2003–2008) linked to the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (2002–2017) in Alberta and Ontario. SEP was measured using educational attainment. Acute and chronic ED visits were captured in the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System follow‐up data. Hazard models were fit to estimate the association between SEP and acute and chronic wholly alcohol‐attributable ED visits.ResultsThe analytical sample included 88,865 respondents. In men and women, individuals with lower SEP had increased hazard of acute ED visits (women hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–2.87; men HR 3.47, 95% CI 2.29–5.25) and chronic ED visits (women HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.04–4.80; men HR 5.02, 95% CI 2.88–8.75). Acute and chronic wholly alcohol‐attributable ED visit rates were higher in men than women.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings indicated lower SEP was associated with greater harms for both acute and chronic wholly alcohol‐attributable ED visits when compared to their higher SEP counterparts. We conclude that gradients in SEP are associated with acute and chronic harms. These results highlight a need for equitable interventions that reduce the absolute burden of inequities in both acute and chronic wholly alcohol‐attributable ED visits.
Geographic and ethnicity variation in the prevalence of middle‐aged and elderly adult obesity in China in 2020
Authors: Tu Wen‐Jun , Zhao Zhenping , Yan Feng , Zeng Xianwei , Li Jilai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe objective of this study is to evaluate the mean body mass index (BMI), general obesity and abdominal obesity in adults aged ≥40 years residing in China in 2020, and to analyse variations in these factors across different geographic areas and subpopulations.MethodsWe utilized data from the National Stroke High‐Risk Population Screening programme to calculate and compare the mean BMI and prevalence of obesity across various demographics, including sex, age, urban‐rural locality, geographical region (province) and ethnicity status.ResultsIn our study, we found that the standardized mean BMI level was 24.65 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 24.50‐22.84] in men and 24.31 kg/m2 (95% CI: 24.15‐24.45) in women. Using the criteria from China, we found that the standardized prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity was 13.13% (95% CI: 13.05‐13.21%) and 33.03% (95 CI: 32.92‐33.14%), respectively. Our study also identified significant effects of age, sex, urban‐rural locality, province and ethnicity status on the prevalence of obesity. Overall, our study estimated that in 2020, approximately 91.1 million adults aged ≥40 years in China were obese (46.5 million men and 44.6 million women), while 229.2 million adults (110.4 million men and 118.8 million women) were diagnosed with abdominal obesity.ConclusionOur research has revealed compelling new evidence about the obesity epidemic among Chinese adults aged ≥40 years, particularly at the provincial and ethnic levels. As a result, more targeted and effective prevention strategies should be developed to alleviate the burden of obesity.
Transesophageal echocardiography: A bibliometric analysis from 1979 to 2022
Authors: Pan Silei , Li Zhengkai , Wang Yan , Bing Hailong , Song Haibo , Chu Qinjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveHeart disease poses a significant global health challenge. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has gained prominence in clinical practice because of advancements in visual medicine. The present bibliometric analysis provides an overview of TEE research, identifies trends, and highlights emerging topics.MethodsA comprehensive search of TEE‐related literature from the establishment of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) until 2022 was conducted. Utilizing the CiteSpace software, we performed an in‐depth analysis of the literature data encompassing disciplines, publication years, countries, institutions, authors, journals, cited references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 17 032 TEE‐related articles were included in this study. The most active disciplines in TEE research were Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Anesthesiology, and Respiratory System. The number of publications displayed a consistent upward trajectory over the years. Notably, research contributions predominantly originated from developed countries, mainly Europe and North America, with the United States, Germany, Italy, and Japan leading the way. Analysis of institutions, authors, and journals revealed the United States' significant role in TEE research. Furthermore, the analysis of cited references and keywords identified the treatment of patent foramen ovale and its association with stroke as emerging hot topics in recent years.ConclusionsThis study highlights that TEE remains a research hotspot, with the United States at the forefront. Future research should investigate the relationship between heart disease and brain function.
“I want the world back”: Pandemic loneliness, bodies, and places
Authors: Parsons Michelle Anne , Mason Katherine A. , Wurtz Heather M. , Willen Sarah S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPsychology has tended to conceptualize loneliness as a lack of intimate and social relationships. This analysis draws on the journal entries of 100 participants in the Pandemic Journaling Project (PJP; a research study and online journaling platform that invited participants to chronicle their experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic) to illustrate a more foundational sense of loneliness as a lack of bodily attunement, interaction, and intersection with others in a world of places. This bodies‐in‐places perspective reveals important material dimensions of loneliness that have often been overlooked. Loneliness is understood not as a static characteristic of the individual, but rather as an embodied and emplaced relational and ecological phenomenon.
Population genomics, life‐history tactics, and mixed‐stock subsistence fisheries in the northernmost American Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: Carbonneau Alexandre , April Julien , Normandeau Eric , Ferchaud Anne‐Laure , Nadeau Véronique , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of the northernmost American populations is alimentary, economically, and culturally important for Ungava Inuit communities (Nunavik, Canada) and might play a key role in the persistence of the species in a global warming context, many mysteries remain about those remote and atypical populations. Thus, our first aim was to document the genomic structure of the Nunavik populations. The second objective was to determine whether salmon only migrating to the estuary without reaching the sea, apparently unique to those populations, represent distinct populations from the typical anadromous salmons and subsequently explore the genetic basis of migratory life‐history tactics in the species. Finally, the third goal was to quantify the contribution of each genetically distinct population and life‐history tactic in the mixed‐stock subsistence fishery of the Koksoak R. estuary. We used Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing to genotype 14,061 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genome of 248 individuals from 8 source populations and 280 individuals from the Koksoak estuary mixed‐stock fishery. Life‐history tactics were identified by a visual assessment of scales. Results show a hierarchical structure mainly influenced by isolation‐by‐distance with 7 populations out of the 8 studied rivers. While no obvious structure was detected between marine and estuarine salmon within the population, we have identified genomic regions putatively associated with those migration tactics. Finally, all salmon captured in the Koksoak estuary originated from the Koksoak drainage and mostly from 2 tributaries, but no inter‐annual variation in the contribution of these tributaries was found. Our results indicate, however, that both marine and estuarine salmon contribute substantially to estuarine fisheries and that there is inter‐annual variation in this contribution. These findings provide crucial information for the conservation of salmon populations in a rapidly changing ecosystem, as well as for fishery management to improve the food security of Inuit communities.
Local environments, not invasive hybridization, influence cardiac performance of native trout under acute thermal stress
Authors: Strait Jeffrey T. , Grummer Jared A. , Hoffman Nicholas F. , Muhlfeld Clint C. , Narum Shawn R. , Luikart Gordon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate‐induced expansion of invasive hybridization (breeding between invasive and native species) poses a significant threat to the persistence of many native species worldwide. In the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains, hybridization between native cutthroat trout and non‐native rainbow trout has increased in recent decades due, in part, to climate‐driven increases in water temperature. It has been postulated that invasive hybridization may enhance physiological tolerance to climate‐induced thermal stress because laboratory studies indicate that rainbow trout have a higher thermal tolerance than cutthroat trout. Here, we assessed whether invasive hybridization improves cardiac performance response to acute water temperature stress of native wild trout populations. We collected trout from four streams with a wide range of non‐native admixture among individuals and with different temperature and streamflow regimes in the upper Flathead River drainage, USA. We measured individual cardiac performance (maximum heart rate, “MaxHR”, and temperature at arrhythmia, “ArrTemp”) during laboratory trials with increasing water temperatures (10–28°C). Across the study populations, we observed substantial variation in cardiac performance of individual trout when exposed to thermal stress. Notably, we found significant differences in the cardiac response to thermal regimes among native cutthroat trout populations, suggesting the importance of genotype‐by‐environment interactions in shaping the physiological performance of native cutthroat trout. However, rainbow trout admixture had no significant effect on cardiac performance (MaxHR and ArrTemp) within any of the three populations. Our results indicate that invasive hybridization with a warmer‐adapted species does not enhance the cardiac performance of native trout under warming conditions. Maintaining numerous populations across thermally and hydrologically diverse stream environments will be crucial for native trout to adapt and persist in a warming climate.
Evaluation of potential antiviral activities of antimicrobial peptides in fish mucus
Authors: Dik Irmak , Dik Burak , Tufan Öznur , Er Ayşe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFish skin mucus contains innate immune factors and acts as the first line of physical or chemical defense against pathogens.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of sea bream (SBr), rainbow trout (RT), and sea bass (SBa) fish skin mucus against herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1. In addition, it was aimed to associate possible antiviral activity with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cathelicidin, hepcidin, galectin 2, and C10ORF99, whose levels were determined in the mucus.MethodsThe antiviral activity and oxidative/antioxidant status of mucus against HSV‐1 virus was evaluated. In addition, AMPs, SOD, and CAT activities, and immunoglobulin M levels were also analyzed in mucus of fish.ResultsAntiviral activity mucus of SBr, RT, and SBa against HSV‐1 were determined as 2−4, 2−5, and 2−2, respectively. The higher antiviral activity of SBr and RT mucus compared to the mucus of SBa can be associated with higher AMP levels in them.ConclusionThe skin mucus of SBr and RT may be nutritional supplement, adjuvant, and a new agent that can potentiate the effects of antimicrobial/antiviral agents.
Dominance of net autotrophy in arid landscape low relief polar lakes, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Ayala‐Borda Paola , Bogard Matthew J. , Grosbois Guillaume , Prėskienis Vilmantas , Culp Joseph M. , Power Michael , Rautio Milla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Arctic is the fastest warming biome on the planet, and environmental changes are having striking effects on freshwater ecosystems that may impact the regional carbon cycle. The metabolic state of Arctic lakes is often considered net heterotrophic, due to an assumed supply of allochthonous organic matter that supports ecosystem respiration and carbon mineralization in excess of rates of primary production. However, lake metabolic patterns vary according to regional climatic characteristics, hydrological connectivity, organic matter sources and intrinsic lake properties, and the metabolism of most Arctic lakes is unknown. We sampled 35 waterbodies along a connectivity gradient from headwater to downstream lakes, on southern Victoria Island, Nunavut, in an area characterized by low precipitation, organic‐poor soils, and high evaporation rates. We evaluated whether lakes were net autotrophic or heterotrophic during the open water period using an oxygen isotopic mass balance approach. Most of the waterbodies were autotrophic and sites of net organic matter production or close to metabolic equilibrium. Autotrophy was associated with higher benthic primary production, as compared to its pelagic counterpart, due to the high irradiance reaching the bottom and efficient internal carbon and nutrient cycling. Highly connected midstream and downstream lakes showed efficient organic matter cycling, as evidenced by the strong coupling between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, while decoupling was observed in some headwater lakes with significantly higher GPP. The shallow nature of lakes in the flat, arid region of southern Victoria Island supports net autotrophy in most lakes during the open water season. Ongoing climate changes that lengthen the ice‐free irradiance period and increase rates of nutrient evapoconcentration may further promote net autotrophy, with uncertain long‐term effects for lake functioning.
Guidelines for the use of spatially varying coefficients in species distribution models
Authors: Doser Jeffrey W. , Kéry Marc , Saunders Sarah P. , Finley Andrew O. , Bateman Brooke L. , Grand Joanna , Reault Shannon , Weed Aaron S. , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied across macroscales using detection‐nondetection data. These models typically assume that a single set of regression coefficients can adequately describe species–environment relationships and/or population trends. However, such relationships often show nonlinear and/or spatially varying patterns that arise from complex interactions with abiotic and biotic processes that operate at different scales. Spatially varying coefficient (SVC) models can readily account for variability in the effects of environmental covariates. Yet, their use in ecology is relatively scarce due to gaps in understanding the inferential benefits that SVC models can provide compared to simpler frameworks.InnovationHere we demonstrate the inferential benefits of SVC SDMs, with a particular focus on how this approach can be used to generate and test ecological hypotheses regarding the drivers of spatial variability in population trends and species–environment relationships. We illustrate the inferential benefits of SVC SDMs with simulations and two case studies: one that assesses spatially varying trends of 51 forest bird species in the eastern United States over two decades and a second that evaluates spatial variability in the effects of five decades of land cover change on grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) occurrence across the continental United States.Main conclusionsWe found strong support for SVC SDMs compared to simpler alternatives in both empirical case studies. Factors operating at fine spatial scales, accounted for by the SVCs, were the primary divers of spatial variability in forest bird occurrence trends. Additionally, SVCs revealed complex species–habitat relationships with grassland and cropland area for grasshopper sparrow, providing nuanced insights into how future land use change may shape its distribution. These applications display the utility of SVC SDMs to help reveal the environmental factors that drive species distributions across both local and broad scales. We conclude by discussing the potential applications of SVC SDMs in ecology and conservation.
Arthroscopic ankle surgery in people with haemophilia
Authors: Rodriguez‐Merchan E. Carlos , De la Corte‐Rodriguez Hortensia , Gomez‐Cardero Primitivo , Alvarez‐Roman Maria Teresa , Jimenez‐Yuste Victor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeople with haemophilia (PWH) not administered primary haematological prophylaxis since childhood, that is, those treated haematologically on demand or not treated at all, often experience the degeneration of the ankles, leading to pain and functional impairment.AimTo analyse the outcomes and complications of arthroscopic ankle surgery performed on PWH.MethodsFor this narrative review of the literature, a search was conducted in PubMed on 2, December 2023, using the keywords “haemophilia”, “ankle” and “arthroscopy”. Of the 29 articles identified, 15 specifically related to ankle arthroscopy in PWH were selected (inclusion criterion). The remaining articles did not meet this requirement (exclusion criterion) and were therefore eliminated.ResultsArthroscopic procedures (arthroscopic synovectomy, debridement and arthrodesis of the ankle) are increasingly used in the surgical treatment of haemophilic ankle arthropathy. Although arthroscopic ankle surgery offers good outcomes in patients with haemophilia, the procedure is not free of complications, which range from 7.9% for arthroscopic ankle debridement to 13.1% in arthroscopic ankle synovectomy and 17.8% in arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis, respectively. The non‐union rate of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis is 7.1% (2/28).ConclusionAlthough arthroscopic interventions in the haemophilic ankle (synovectomy, debridement, arthrodesis) offer good functional outcomes, they are associated with a non‐negligible rate of complications. Arthroscopic ankle surgery in PWH is major surgery and should be treated as such.