bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Prospects of LLMs in Hospital Management: A Perspective on Medical data inquiry
Authors: Li jiaxi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuhang , he shenyang , tang yan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
In light of the rapid expansion of hospital operations and the increasing digitization of medical data, there is a pressing need for efficient and intelligent methods to process and analyze large-scale medical data.
Methods
To tackle these challenges, the study integrates the QLoRA algorithm with ChatGLM2-6b and Llama2-6b models. These models undergo fine-tuning on a local SQL dataset, with a specific emphasis on optimizing performance, especially for simpler queries. Subsequently, we employ Prompt-Engineering with ChatGPT-3.5, enabling us to effectively leverage its capabilities and tailor its outputs to execute SQL queries.
Results
The comprehensive big data platform illustrates the evolution of inpatient operations, encompassing diverse information such as patient diagnoses, surgeries, medications, and examinations across various healthcare domains. The integration of the QLoRA algorithm with ChatGLM2-6b and Llama2-6b models, combined with fine-tuning on a local SQL dataset, enhances the model's performance on simple and moderately difficult SQL queries. Notably, after minimal training, the ChatGPT3.5 model closely approximates the results of human engineers in terms of SQL query performance, achieving an accuracy of approximately 90%.
Conclusion
The strategic utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) generation enhances the efficiency of medical data analysis. This approach provides a robust foundation for decision-making in hospital management amid the evolving landscape of healthcare operations and data queries.
Survival analysis for AdVerse events with VarYing follow-up times (SAVVY): summary of findings and a roadmap for the future of safety analyses in clinical trials
Authors: Rufibach Kaspar , Beyersmann Jan , Friede Tim , Schmoor Claudia , Stegherr Regina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background The SAVVY project aims to improve the analyses of adverse events (AEs) in clinical trials through the use of survival techniques appropriately dealing with varying follow-up times and competing events (CEs). This paper summarizes key features and conclusions from the various SAVVY papers.
Methods Through theoretical investigations using simulations and in an empirical study including randomized clinical trials from several sponsor organisations, biases from ignoring varying follow-up times or CEs are investigated. The bias of commonly used estimators of the absolute and relative AE risk is quantified. Furthermore, we provide a cursory assessment of how pertinent guidelines for the analysis of safety data deal with the features of varying follow-up time and CEs.
Results SAVVY finds that for both, avoiding bias and categorization of evidence with respect to treatment effect on AE risk into categories, the choice of the estimator is key and more important than features of the underlying data such as percentage of censoring, CEs, amount of follow-up, or value of the gold-standard.
Conclusions The choice of the estimator of the cumulative AE probability and the definition of CEs are crucial. SAVVY recommends using the Aalen-Johansen estimator (AJE) with an appropriate definition of CEs whenever the risk for AEs is to be quantified. There is an urgent need to improve the guidelines of reporting AEs so that incidence proportions or one minus Kaplan-Meier estimators are finally replaced by the \aje with appropriate definition of CEs.
Steps towards operationalizing One Health approaches
Authors: Pepin Kim , Carlisle Keith , Anderson Dean , Baker Michael , Chipman Richard , Benschop Jackie , French Nigel , Greenhalgh Suzie , McDougall Scott , Muellner Petra , Murphy Emil , O'Neale Dion , Plank Michael , Hayman David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

One Health recognizes the health of humans, agriculture, wildlife, and the environment are interrelated. The concept has been embraced by international health and environmental authorities such as WHO, WOAH, FAO, and UNEP, but One Health approaches have been more practiced by researchers than national or international authorities. To identify priorities for operationalizing One Health beyond research contexts, we conducted 41 semi-structured interviews with professionals across One Health sectors (public health, environment, agriculture, wildlife) and institutional contexts, who focus on national-scale and international applications. We identify important challenges, solutions, and priorities for delivering the One Health agenda through government action. Participants said One Health has made progress with motivating stakeholders to attempt One Health approaches, but achieving implementation needs more guidance (action plans for how to leverage or change current government infrastructure to accommodate cross-sector policy and strategic mission planning) and facilitation (behavioral change, dedicated personnel, new training model).
Emergence of polar skyrmions in 2D Janus CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) magnets
Authors: Wang Duo , Zhou Fengyi , Shaikh Monirul , Sun Weiwei , Chen Xin , Li Shu , Tong Henry , Sanyal Biplab 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In the realm of multiferroicity in 2D magnets, whether magnetic and polar skyrmions can coexist within a single topological entity has emerged as an important question. Here, we study Janus 2D magnets CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) for a comprehensive investigation of magnetic ground state, magnetic excited state, and corresponding ferroelectric polarization by first-principles electronic structure calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Specifically, we have thoroughly elucidated the exchange mechanisms, including both isotropic Heisenberg exchange and the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and have fully exemplified the magnetic field dependence of the magnon spectrum. More importantly, our study reveals a previously unrecognized, remarkably large spin-spiral-induced ferroelectric polarization (up to 194.9 μC/m2) in both compounds. We propose an approach to identify polar skyrmions within magnetic skyrmions, based on the observed direct correlation between spin texture and polarization density. The elucidation of this correlation not only deepens our understanding of magnetic skyrmions but also paves the way for innovative research in the realm of multiferroic skyrmions.
Scattering Correction through Fourier-Domain Open-Channel Coupling in Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Xue Yi , Zepeda Daniel , Li Yucheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Light penetration depth in biological tissue is limited by tissue scattering. Correcting scattering becomes particularly challenging in scenarios with limited photon availability and when access to the transmission side of the scattering tissue is not possible. Here, we introduce a new two-photon microscopy system with Fourier-domain open-channel coupling for scattering correction (2P-FOCUS). 2P-FOCUS corrects scattering by utilizing the nonlinearity of multiple-beam interference and two-photon excitation, eliminating the need for a guide star, iterative optimization, or measuring transmission or reflection matrices. We demonstrate that 2P-FOCUS significantly enhances two-photon fluorescence signals by several tens of folds when focusing through a bone sample, compared to cases without scattering correction at equivalent excitation power. 2P-FOCUS can also correct tissue scattering over large volumes through subregion correction. This is demonstrated by imaging neurons and cerebral blood vessels in a 230×230×500 μm3 volume in the mouse brain ex vivo. 2P-FOCUS could serve as a powerful tool for deep tissue imaging in bulky organisms or live animals.
Consistency between the Standardized Methods of Exercise Prescription and the Target Heart Rate for the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ruojiang Liu , Jinmei Qin , Weizhen Xue , Feng Wang , Huihui Zhu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare differences and consistencies between the target heart rate (THR) for aerobic exercise based on the standardized physiological maximum value percentage and the first-ventilatory-threshold heart rate (HRVT1). The maximum physiological value percentage with the highest consistency with HRVT1, combined with the maximum heart rate (HRmax) prediction equation, can guide safe and effective exercise in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in practical applications.
Methods
Three HRmax prediction equations were used to calculate the THR as 35%, 45% and 50% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 55%, 60% and 65% HRmax, and the results were compared for correlation and consistency with HRVT1. HRVT1 was measured through a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) that complied with current guidelines and laboratory standards.
Results
According to the Fox equation, the difference in HRVT1 and 35% HRR was not statistically significant (P = 0.060). Bland‒Altman analysis indicated that the mean difference in HRVT1 and 35% HRR was − 0.350, which was close to the 0 line, and 95.83% of the patients (46/48) had values within the 95% limits of agreement. The absolute maximum difference within the limits of agreement was 7.90, the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.862 (P < 0.001), and the 95% confidence interval was 0.767–0.920, indicating high consistency and good accuracy.
Conclusion
Among Chinese MetS patients, 35% HRR determined via the standardized HRR method and the acquired CPET VT1 had high consistency. Especially when applying the Fox equation, the exercise intensity of MetS patients can be best kept within the moderate-intensity domain near VT1.
A Charge Plasma Based Dual Buried Gates Power MOSFET With Improved Figure of Merits
Authors: Nigar Hafsa , Alkhammash Hend I. , Loan Sajad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, we design and simulate a high performance electrostatically doped dual buried gates power MOSFET (EDDBGP-MOS) structure. The novelty of the proposed device is three folds. Firstly, the n + source and P + body regions of the device are realized using induced charge plasma by employing metal electrodes on the silicon film. The device thus reduces the risk of random doping fluctuations and the formation of highly abrupt junctions during fabrication. The high temperature processes involved in defining the doped regions are not required, thus providing low thermal budget. Secondly, the Gaussian hole plasma profile in the p body region allows increase in drift doping concentration from 5x1015/cm3 to 7x1015/cm3 resulting in Ron reduction to almost 24% of its uniformly doped counterpart structure, with only a slight reduction in breakdown voltage of the device. The proposed device thus provides 10% increase in the Baliga’s figure of merit (FOM1 = BV2/Rsp). Further, the linearly graded Gaussian profile at the source side reduces the source coupling with gate. The gate charge together with the reduced specific ON resistance value provides as good as 19% reduction in Baliga’s high frequency figure of merit FOM2 = Rsp.Qsp). As compared to the conventional trench MOSFET structure, the two buried gates in the proposed structure provides low gate drain coupling along with the suppression in parasitic BJT effect. A two-dimensional simulation study of the proposed EDDBGP-MOS device reveals that it outperforms the conventional trench MOSFET device in terms of the performance parameters of power devices, along with the reduced fabrication complexity.
CD47 is Required for Mesenchymal Progenitor Proliferation and Fracture Repair
Authors: Hankenson Kurt , Zondervan Robert , Capobianco Christina , Jenkins Daniel , Reicha John , Frederick Livia , Lam Charles , Isenberg Jeffery , Ahn Jaimo , Marcucio Ralph S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
CD47 is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic cell-surface receptor. Disrupting CD47 enhances injury repair in various tissues but the role of CD47 has not been studied in bone injuries. In a murine closed-fracture model, CD47-null mice showed decreased callus bone volume, bone mineral content, and tissue mineral content as assessed by microcomputed tomography 10 days post-fracture, and increased fibrous volume as determined by histology. To understand the cellular basis for this phenotype, mesenchymal progenitors (MSC) were harvested from bone marrow. CD47-null MSC showed decreased large fibroblast colony formation (CFU-F), significantly less proliferation, and fewer cells in S-phase, although osteoblast differentiation was unaffected. However, consistent with prior research, CD47-null endothelial cells showed increased proliferation relative to WT cells. Similarly, in a murine ischemic fracture model, CD47-null mice showed reduced fracture callus bone volume and bone mineral content relative to WT. Consistent with our in vitro results, in vivo EdU labeling showed decreased cell proliferation in the callus of CD47-null mice, while staining for CD31 and endomucin demonstrated increased endothelial cell mass. Finally, WT mice administered a CD47 morpholino, which blocks CD47 protein production, showed a callus phenotype similar to that of non-ischemic and ischemic fractures in CD47-null mice, suggesting the phenotype was not due to developmental changes in the knockout mice. Thus, inhibition of CD47 during bone healing reduces both non-ischemic and ischemic fracture healing, in part, by decreasing MSC proliferation. Furthermore, the increase in endothelial cell proliferation and early blood vessel density caused by CD47 disruption is not sufficient to overcome MSC dysfunction.
Correlation between the Physical Activity Volume and Cognitive and Mental Capacity among Elderly People in China: A Cross-sectional Study Based on the 2020 CHARLS Database
Authors: Li Shixin , Zhang Jaiyi , Wang Weijia , Yang Yonghong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
At present, due to the progress of the aging population in China and the government's attention to healthy aging, people are putting increasing emphasis on the cognitive function and psychological function of elderly people. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate the relationships between physical activity and cognitive and psychological function in order to provide suggestions for exercise guidance.
Methods
A total of 5871 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to assess mental capacity, and cognitive function was included in three domains:orientation, memory,and calculation.and the total physical activity data were obtained via interviews. ADL and IADL scores were used to determine the presence or absence of daily physical function impairment.
Results
The prevalence of depression was 8.1%, and 31.6% of the elderly participants experienced depressive symptoms. A total of 15.6% of the elderly individuals had insufficient weekly physical activity, and 3.9% of the elderly individuals had daily functional problems (DFPs). The physical activity volume (PAV) was negatively correlated with the CESD-10 score, orientation, calculation, and memory.
Conclusion
Our study confirmed that insufficient weekly physical activity was associated with a greater risk of depression, cognitive impairment and DFP impairment in elderly Chinese people.
Establishment and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells from an individual with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy carrying the MYBPC3 c.772G&gt;A mutation
Authors: Ribeiro Marta , Jager Joanna , Furtado Marta , Carvalho Teresa , Cabral Joaquim M.S. , Brito Dulce , Carmo-Fonseca Maria , Martins Sandra , Rocha Simão Teixeira da 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common genetic heart disorder, is defined by left ventricular hypertrophy in individuals without abnormal loading conditions. This condition can progress to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. In the context of heart disease, availability of patient heart tissues is scarce and hampers cardiac research progression. An alternative is the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients, that can be differentiated into cardiac cells and used to study disease mechanisms and regenerative medicine approaches as well as platforms for drug development and toxicity assays. In this study, we generated two induced pluripotent stem cell lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a 64-year-old female carrying the MYBPC3 c.772G > A HCM pathogenic splicing mutation. The generated iPSC lines exhibit a normal karyotype and display hallmark characteristics of pluripotency, including the ability to undergo trilineage differentiation. These new iPSC lines provide a valuable resource for understanding the role of the MYBPC3 c.772G > A mutation in initiating HCM and exploring potential targeted therapeutic strategies.
Electron swarm parameters of alcohols from electron collision cross–sections
Authors: Silva Marcelo da , Ballester Maikel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The rationalization and modeling of an electric discharge in a fluid are enriched with the knowledge of electron swarm parameters. In this work, transport coefficients of several alcohols: methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, are reported. The electron energy distribution function, mean energy, reduced mobility and diffusion coefficient, are calculated using the two-term expansion of the electron Boltzmann equation in the frame of BOLSIG+ and the Monte Carlo collision code METHES. For such, experimental and theoretical values of the electronalcohol collision cross-section, covering a range of electron impact energy from 1 eV to 1000 eV, are employed. A temperature of 300K, reduced fields E/N between 1−104 Td (1Td = 10−21 Vm2), and Plasma density of 1019 m−3 were used in simulations. The calculated coefficients are compared with data available from previous studies.
High Extracellular K+ Drives T-Cell Exhaustion by Disrupting TCR Signals Implicated in Tumor Immune Evasion
Authors: Wong Brandon Han Siang , Poh Zhi Sheng , Wei James Tan Chia , Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy , Ho Ying Swan , Chen Shuwen , Mak Shi Ya , Bi Xuezhi , Webster Richard , Shelat Vishalkumar , Chandy K. George , Verma Navin Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Tumours create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that limits the antitumor function of infiltrating T-cells. In particular, K+ ions released from dying necrotic tumour cells accumulate in the tumour microenvironment and increase the local K+ concentration to 50 mM (high-[K+]e). This study aims to investigate functional impact of high- [K+]e on human T-cells.
Results: We demonstrate that high-[K+]e decreases expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex and costimulatory molecule CD28, and suppresses key activation molecules, thereby dysregulating TCR-mediated signalling. High-[K+30 ]e also alters the metabolic profile of T-cells, limiting metabolism of glucose and glutamine, consistent with functional exhaustion. These changes skew T-cell differentiation, favouring Th2 and Treg subsets that promote tumour growth while restricting anti-tumour Th1 and Th17 subsets.
Conclusions: Findings presented here reveal an important role of high-[K+]e in disrupting TCR signals and driving T-cell exhaustion implicated in the immunosuppressive milieu in the tumour microenvironment.
Spectrum and antimicrobial resistance in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pneumonia among Vietnamese patients: A cross-sectional prospective study
Authors: Dao Duy Tuyen , Le Huu Song , Nguyen Minh Hai , Thi Thi Duyen , Nguyen Xuan Dung , Bui Thanh Thuyet , Tran Thi Huyen Trang , Pham Van Luan , Do Hang Nga , Nguyen Dinh Tien , Le Huu Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Respiratory infections have long been recognized as a primary cause of acute exacerbationof chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD). Additionally, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to an urgent and critical situation in developing countries, including Vietnam. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in patients with AE-COPD using both conventional culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Additionally, associations between clinical characteristics and indicators of pneumonia in these patients were examined.
Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study included 92 AE-COPD patients with pneumonia and 46 without pneumonia. Sputum specimens were cultured and examined for bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for each isolate. Multiplex real-time PCR was also performed to detect ten bacteria and seven viruses.
Results:The detection rates of pathogens in AE-COPD patients with pneumonia were 92.39%, compared to 86.96% in those without pneumonia. A total of 26 pathogenic species were identified, showing no significant difference in distribution between the two groups. The predominant bacteria included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus mitis. There was a slight difference in antibiotic resistance between bacteria isolated from two groups. The frequency of H. influenzae was notably greater in AE-COPD patients who experienced respiratory failure (21.92%) than in those who did not (9.23%). S. pneumoniae was more common in patients with stage I (44.44%) or IV (36.36%) COPD than in patients with stage II (17.39%) or III (9.72%)disease. ROC curve analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could distinguish patients with AE-COPD with and without pneumonia (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.78).
Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria still play a key role in the etiology of AE-COPD patients, regardless of the presence of pneumonia. This study provides updated evidence for the epidemiology of AE-COPD pathogens and the appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents in Vietnam.
Investigation of the role of Irisin and FABP4 in iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Selmanoglu Ahmet , Akarsu Saadet , Aydın Süleyman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anemia is defined as a condition in which the level of Hemoglobin is lower than the expected level based on age and gender.Irisin (Ir) was discovered in 2012 to be a muscle-associated factor.Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are chaperones involved in intracellular fatty acid transport.Iron deficiency(ID) causes various symptoms, but their etiology may not be fully understood.The study's objective is to explore whether Ir and FABP4 levels might be linked to symptoms such as feeling cold, fatigue, learning difficulties, and others in individuals with ID.
Methods
The study was conducted by the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Faculty of Medicine,Fırat University.Our study evaluated ID in three distinct periods,including iron storage depletion,latent iron deficiency without anemia,and iron deficiency anemia.We analyzed the effects of these three periods, along with a control group, on serum and urine Ir, as well as FABP4 levels, both before and after iron treatment.
Results
The mean serum Ir levels in our study revealed statistically significant differences between the patient groups and the control group, with lower levels observed in the patient groups before treatment(p < 0.05).After treatment, a statistically significant increase(p < 0.05) was found in the mean serum Ir levels in all patient groups.In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in serum FABP4 levels (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In our study,we found that the feeling of coldness and decreased cognitive functions seen in iron deficiency may be related to serum Ir level.Today, IDA is an important public health problem and affects many systems.