bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐j: Human Cold Agglutinins Recognizing Linear (i) and Branched (I) Type 2 Chains
Authors: Roelcke Dieter , Kreft Heidi , Hack Hildegard , Stevenson Freda K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo IgMΛ cold agglutinins (CAs) reacted with protease‐ and sialidase‐resistant antigens expressed in equal strength on human adult (I), newborn (i), i adult, rabbit (I) and rhesus monkey (i) erythrocytes. The antibodies were inhibited by the linear type 2 sequence lacto‐N‐neotetraose and the branched type 2 sequence lacto‐N‐neohexaose. Endo‐β‐galactosidase treatment of red cells, which splits type 2 chains from the surface, abolished CA reactivity. The CAs expressed the idiotype recognized by the anti‐idiotype 9G4 specific for anti‐I and anti‐i CAs. The data suggest that the two CAs recognize linear (i) as well as branched (I) type 2 chains. It is proposed to term these CAs anti‐j.
The Specificity of Anti‐HCV Supplementary Assays
Authors: Kitchen Alan D. , Tucker Nicola V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA total of 920 samples from blood donors screened as anti‐HCV negative by two third‐generation screening assays (Ortho Diagnostics v3.0 and Murex Diagnostics VK48) were tested by two supplementary anti‐HCV assays, RIBA III (Ortho Diagnostics) and Western blot (Murex Diagnostics VK68). Six (0.65%) of the samples gave scorable bands by RIBA III and 5 (0.54%) by Western blot. Only single‐band reactivity was seen and there was no consensus reactivity between the two assays. Single‐band reactivity in supplementary assays, especially in samples from low‐risk populations, needs to be interpreted with care before being taken as indication of genuine previous or current HCV infection.We are indebted to both Ortho Diagnostics and Murex Diagnostics for providing the resources to perform this study.
Genetic analysis for the leaf pubescence density and water status traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: DU W. J. , FU S. X. , YU D. Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLeaf pubescence density (PD) is an important component for the adaptation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to drought‐prone environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling PD on the upper surface of leaf blade (PDU), PD on the lower surface of leaf blade (PDL), leaf wilting coefficient (WC) and rate of excised leaf drying (ELD) were identified using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population from the cross between soybean cultivars ‘kefeng1’ and ‘nannong1138‐2’ at the field soil drought stress stage from the mid‐end of stem elongation to onset of flowering. A total of 20 QTLs were detected on molecular linkage groups (MLGs) A2, D1b, E, H, G and I with individual QTL explained 4.49–23.56% of phenotypic variation by composite interval mapping. The QTLs for PD on MLG H were mapped to near Ps locus while the QTLs on MLG D1b were located near Rsc‐7. Three genome regions for PD and water status traits on MLGs A2, D1b and H were associated. This study revealed that leaf surface PD may play an important role in the soybean drought tolerance.
Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): II. Crosses between European winter and Chinese semi‐winter lines
Authors: Qian W. , Li Q. , Noack J. , Sass O. , Meng J. , Frauen M. , Jung C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChinese semi‐winter rapeseed is genetically diverse from European winter rapeseed. Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the potential of semi‐winter rapeseed for winter rapeseed hybrid breeding, (2) to assess the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) vs. specific combining ability (SCA) among combinations between Chinese semi‐winter and European winter rapeseed, and (3) to compare the strategies to predict heterosis based on parental genetic distance (GD) estimated from AFLP marker data and GCA for hybrid performance. Four winter male sterile lines from Germany as testers were crossed with 14 Chinese semi‐winter rapeseed lines to develop 56 hybrids, which were evaluated together with their parents and commercial hybrids for seed yield, oil content and protein content under three environments in Germany. The Chinese parental lines were not adapted to local environmental conditions as demonstrated by lacking winter hardiness and poor seed yields per se. However, the hybrids between the Chinese parents and the adapted winter rapeseed lines exhibited high heterosis for seed yield. About 20% of the hybrids were significantly superior to the respective hybrid control under three environments. Additive gene effects mainly contributed to hybrid performance since the variance components of GCA were higher as compared with SCA. The correlation between parental GD and hybrid performance was found to be low whereas the correlation between GCA and hybrid performance was high and significant, with correlation coefficients of 0.95 for seed yield, 0.87 for oil content, and 0.91 for protein content, indicating that GCA can predict hybrid performance. These results demonstrate that Chinese semi‐winter rapeseed germplasm has a great potential to increase seed yield in winter rapeseed hybrid breeding programmes in Europe.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: current first‐line therapy
Authors: Carney D. A. , Mulligan S. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is a major evolution in progress in the first‐line therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Several recent, large, clinical trials have documented superior outcomes with fludarabine‐based therapy compared with treatment with alkylating agents. Monoclonal antibodies, especially rituximab, are establishing an important role for targeted treatment. It is expected that chemoimmunotherapy will become the preferred treatment for many patients in the near future. Specific challenges remain to be answered, however, especially the optimal treatment for the elderly, patients with autoimmune haemolysis and those with P53 deletions and mutations.
Validity of self‐reported cardiovascular disease events in comparison to medical record adjudication and a statewide hospital morbidity database: the AusDiab study
Authors: Barr E. L. M. , Tonkin A. M. , Welborn T. A. , Shaw J. E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEpidemiological studies often rely on self‐reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) information, but this may be inaccurate. We investigated the accuracy of self‐reported CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass surgery and coronary artery angioplasty) during the follow up of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Self‐reported CVD events, including the date of the event and hospital admission details, were collected with an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Of the 276 self‐reported CVD events, 188 (68.1%) were verified by adjudication of medical records. Furthermore, linkage to the statewide Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Database (WAHMD) showed that CVD events were unlikely to be missed, with only 0.2% of those denying any CVD event being recorded as having had an event on the WAHMD. The adjudication of medical records was as accurate as record linkage to the WAHMD for validation of self‐reported CVD, but combining the results from both methods of ascertainment improved CVD event identification.
Fatigue crack growth in fibre metal laminates under selective variable‐amplitude loading
Authors: PLOKKER H. M. , KHAN S. U. , ALDERLIESTEN R. C. , BENEDICTUS R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTo extend the predictive capability of existing crack growth models for fibre metal laminates under constant amplitude fatigue loading to variable‐amplitude loading, further research on variable‐amplitude fatigue mechanisms in fibre metal laminates is necessary. In response to this need, an experimental study into the effects of multiple overloads, underloads and various block‐loading sequences on crack growth in the fibre metal laminate Glare was investigated. Crack growth retardation effects were observed in the tests; however, the magnitude of these effects was lower than seen in monolithic aluminium because of fibre bridging. As a result, predictions of the observed behaviour were attempted using an existing constant‐amplitude fatigue crack growth model for Glare in combination with a linear damage accumulation law.
Impact of laryngeal mask airway cuff pressures on the incidence of sore throat in children
Authors: WONG JUSTIN GIN LEONG , HEANEY MAIREAD , CHAMBERS NEIL A. , ERB THOMAS O. , VON UNGERN‐STERNBERG BRITTA S. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryBackground:  Hyperinflation of laryngeal mask airway cuffs can cause harm to the upper airway mainly by exerting high pressures on pharyngeal and laryngeal structures thus impairing mucosal perfusion. Although cuff manometers can be used to guide the monitoring of cuff pressures, their use is not routine in many institutions. In a prospective audit, we assessed the incidence of sore throat following day‐case‐surgery in relation to the intracuff pressure within the laryngeal mask airway.Methods:  Four hundred children (3–21 years) were consecutively included in this study. The laryngeal mask airway was inflated as deemed necessary by the attending anesthetist. Cuff pressures were measured using a calibrated cuff manometer (Portex Limited, Hythe, Kent, UK, 0–120 cmH2O, pressures exceeding the measurement range were set at 140 cmH2O for statistical purposes) at induction of anesthesia.Results:  Forty‐five children (11.25%) developed sore throat, 32 (8%) sore neck and 17 (4.25%) sore jaw. Of those that developed sore throat, 56.5% had cuff pressures exceeding >100 cmH2O. In contrast, when cuff pressures were <40 cmH2O, there were no episodes of sore throat, whilst there was only a 4.6% occurrence of sore throat if cuff pressures were between 40–60 cmH2O.Conclusion:  We have demonstrated that intra cuff pressure in laryngeal mask airways is closely related to the development of sore throat with higher pressures increasing its likelihood. Hence, cuff pressures should be measured routinely using a manometer to minimize the incidence of sore throat.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor in malignant canine epithelial nasal tumours*
Authors: Shiomitsu K. , Johnson C. L. , Malarkey D. E. , Pruitt A. F. , Thrall D. E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathways play a role in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) and of VEGF is effective in increasing the radiation responsiveness of neoplastic cells both in vitro and in human trials. In this study, immunohistochemical evaluation was employed to determine and characterize the potential protein expression levels and patterns of EGFR and VEGF in a variety of canine malignant epithelial nasal tumours. Of 24 malignant canine nasal tumours, 13 (54.2%) were positive for EGFR staining and 22 (91.7%) were positive for VEGF staining. The intensity and percentage of immunohistochemically positive neoplastic cells for EGFR varied. These findings indicate that EGFR and VEGF proteins were present in some malignant epithelial nasal tumours in the dogs, and therefore, it may be beneficial to treat canine patients with tumours that overexpress EGFR and VEGF with specific inhibitors in conjunction with radiation.
Factors Associated with Succession of Abandoned Agricultural Lands along the Lower Missouri River, U.S.A.
Authors: Thogmartin Wayne E. , Gallagher Maureen , Young Neal , Rohweder Jason J. , Knutson Melinda G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract The 1993 flood of the Missouri River led to the abandonment of agriculture on considerable land in the floodplain. This abandonment led to a restoration opportunity for the U.S. Federal Government, purchasing those lands being sold by farmers. Restoration of this floodplain is complicated, however, by an imperfect understanding of its past environmental and vegetative conditions. We examined environmental conditions associated with the current placement of young forests and wet prairies as a guide to the potential successional trajectory for abandoned agricultural land subject to flooding. We used Bayesian mixed‐effects logistic regression to examine the effects of flood frequency, soil drainage, distance from the main channel, and elevation on whether a site was in wet prairie or in forest. Study site was included as a random effect, controlling for site‐specific differences not measured in our study. We found, after controlling for the effect of site, that early‐successional forest sites were closer to the river and at a lower elevation but occurred on drier soils than wet prairie. In a regulated river such as the lower Missouri River, wet prairie sites are relatively isolated from the main channel compared to early‐successional forest, despite occurring on relatively moister soils. The modeled results from this study may be used to predict the potential successional fate of the acquired agricultural lands, and along with information on wildlife assemblages associated with wet prairie and forest can be used to predict potential benefit of these acquisitions to wildlife conservation.
Possible Mechanism for Spontaneous Establishment of Calluna vulgaris in a Recently Abandoned Agricultural Field
Authors: Van Der Wal Annemieke , De Boer Wietse , Klein Gunnewiek Paulien J. A. , Van Veen Johannes A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract In Western Europe, arable lands have been abandoned to increase the area of nature, such as Calluna vulgaris–dominated heathlands. However, the growth conditions, e.g., nutrient availability and lack of a phenolics‐rich organic layer, on ex‐arable sandy soils differ markedly from those of heathland and will favor fast‐growing plant species. Succession toward Calluna‐dominated heathland is expected to take decades unless intensive restoration management is applied. Here, we report a possible mechanism to explain the occurrence of Calluna patches (0.7–2.0 m diameter) in a 10‐year abandoned agricultural field within a dominant vegetation of grasses and forbs. All roots sampled from the Calluna patches were colonized by ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) and other endomycorrhizal fungi. Both nitrogen mineralization of soil organic N and potential nitrogen mineralization (arginine ammonification) were much lower in soil under Calluna patches than in the rest of the ex‐arable soil, although other soil characteristics did not differ. The nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in Calluna shoots was much greater than that in shoots of grasses and forbs, indicating that the latter were more N limited. The results indicate that the association with ERM fungi is probably providing the host competitive superiority for nitrogen even in a soil with low organic matter content. Our results suggest that the conversion from arable land into heathland may be accomplished by the immediate establishment of Calluna seedlings and ERM inoculum when agricultural activities are stopped. This needs to be tested in controlled experiments.
Soil Organism and Plant Introductions in Restoration of Species‐Rich Grassland Communities
Authors: Kardol Paul , Bezemer T. Martijn , Van Der Putten Wim H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Soil organisms can strongly affect competitive interactions and successional replacements of grassland plant species. However, introduction of whole soil communities as management strategy in grassland restoration has received little experimental testing. In a 5‐year field experiment at a topsoil‐removed ex‐arable site (receptor site), we tested effects of (1) spreading hay and soil, independently or combined, and (2) transplanting intact turfs on plant and soil nematode community development. Material for the treatments was obtained from later successional, species‐rich grassland (donor site). Spreading hay affected plant community composition, whereas spreading soil did not have additional effects. Plant species composition of transplanted turfs became less similar to that in the donor site. Moreover, most plants did not expand into the receiving plots. Soil spreading and turf transplantation did not affect soil nematode community composition. Unfavorable soil conditions (e.g., low organic matter content and seasonal fluctuations in water level) at the receptor site may have limited plant and nematode survival in the turfs and may have precluded successful establishment outside the turfs. We conclude that introduction of later successional soil organisms into a topsoil‐removed soil did not facilitate the establishment of later successional plants, probably because of the “mismatch” in abiotic soil conditions between the donor and the receptor site. Further research should focus on the required conditions for establishment of soil organisms at restoration sites in order to make use of their contribution to grassland restoration. We propose that introduction of organisms from “intermediate” stages will be more effective as management strategy than introduction of organisms from “target” stages.
WHO comparative evaluation of serologic assays for Chagas disease
Authors: Otani Marcia M. , Vinelli Elizabeth , Kirchhoff Louis V. , Del Pozo Ana , Sands Anita , Vercauteren Gaby , Sabino Ester C. 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of commercially available test kits for Chagas disease for use in blood bank screening is difficult due to a lack of large and well‐characterized specimen panels. This study presents a collaborative effort of Latin American blood centers and the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish such a panel.STUDY DESIGN: A total of 437 specimens, from 10 countries were collected and sent to the WHO Collaborating Center in São Paulo and used to evaluate 19 screening assays during 2001 through 2005. Specimens were assigned a positive or negative status based on concordant results in at least three of the four confirmatory assays (indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot, radioimmunoprecipitation assay, and recombinant immunoblot).RESULTS: Of the 437 specimens, 168 (39%) were characterized as positive, 262 (61%) were characterized as negative, and 7 (2%) were judged inconclusive and excluded from the analysis. Sensitivity and specificity varied considerably: 88 to 100 and 60 to 100 percent, respectively. Overall, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) performed better than the other screening assays. Four EIAs had both parameters higher than 99 percent. Of the four confirmatory assays, only the RIPA gave a 100 percent agreement with the final serologic status of the specimens.CONCLUSION: The sensitivities and specificities of at least four of the commercially available EIAs for Chagas disease are probably high enough to justify their use for single‐assay screening of blood donations. Our data suggest that the majority of commercially available indirect hemagglutination assays should not be used for blood donor screening and that the RIPA could be considered a gold standard for evaluating the performance of other assays.
The Life, Works and Reception of an Evangelical Radical: James Woodhouse (1735–1820), the ‘Poetical Shoemaker’
Authors: Van‐Hagen Steve 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe article surveys the life, career, reception and works of James Woodhouse, ‘The Poetical Shoemaker’, making use of a wide variety of sources. The article outlines his posthumous reputation, arguing that many accounts until recently seem to have perpetuated the same (sometimes misleading) impressions of Woodhouse and his work. It is suggested, however, that more nuanced critical approaches to Woodhouse's oeuvre, emphasising his significance to the labouring‐class poetic tradition, have emerged in recent years. The article surveys new directions for future scholarship, concentrating on the construction of identities in Woodhouse's posthumously‐published verse autobiography, The Life and Lucubrations of Crispinus Scriblerus. The poem charts the growth of Woodhouse/Crispin(us)'s radical evangelical Methodist identity in his later years, as he retreats from an early quiescence with patrons that saw all but one poem in his first published collection dedicated to them. The article argues that contemporary critical approaches can account for why and how the autobiographical act of Crispinus Scriblerus embodies the complexities of Woodhouse's multiple and contradictory simultaneous identities. Crispinus Scriblerus uses the philosophy of Heraclitus to reproduce the same strategy that Woodhouse accuses the educated classes of adopting towards him during his early years of poetic celebrity: that of claiming superiority on the grounds of absolute difference between his own identity and that of his antagonists. It is argued that paying critical attention to the fluidity of the seeming autobiographical oppositions that the critic Stuart Sherman terms ‘compound rubrics’ can demonstrate how the poem (sometimes unwittingly) realises some of its aims, while failing in others.
Antinociceptive Properties of the Hydroalcoholic Extract and the Flavonoid Rutin Obtained fromPolygala paniculataL. in Mice
Authors: Lapa Fernanda da R. , Gadotti Vinicius M. , Missau Fabiana C. , Pizzolatti Moacir G. , Marques Maria Consuelo A. , Dafré Alcir L. , Farina Marcelo , Rodrigues Ana Lúcia S. , Santos Adair R. S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  The present study examined the antinociceptive effects of a hydroalcoholic extract ofPolygala paniculatain chemical and thermal behavioural models of pain in mice. The antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated in chemical (acetic‐acid, formalin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and glutamate tests) and thermal (tail‐flick and hot‐plate test) models of pain or by biting behaviour following intratecal administration of both ionotropic and metabotropic agonists of excitatory amino acids receptors glutamate and cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in mice. When given orally, hydroalcoholic extract (0.001–10 mg/kg), produced potent and dose‐dependent inhibition of acetic acid‐induced visceral pain. In the formalin test, the hydroalcoholic extract (0.0001–0.1 mg/kg orally) also caused significant inhibition of both the early (neurogenic pain) and the late (inflammatory pain) phases of formalin‐induced licking. However, it was more potent and efficacious in relation to the late phase of the formalin test. The capsaicin‐induced nociception was also reduced at a dose of only 1.0 mg/kg orally. The hydroalcoholic extract significantly reduced the cinnamaldehyde‐induced nociception at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg orally. Moreover, the hydroalcoholic extract (0.001–1.0 mg/kg orally) caused significant and dose‐dependent inhibition of glutamate‐induced pain. However, only rutin, but not phebalosin or aurapten, isolated fromP. paniculata, administered intraperitoneally to mice, produced dose‐related inhibition of glutamate‐induced pain. Furthermore, the hydroalcoholic extract (0.1–100 mg/kg orally) had no effect in the tail‐flick test. On the other hand, the hydroalcoholic extract caused a significant increase in the latency to response at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally, in the hot‐plate test. The hydroalcoholic extract (0.1 mg/kg orally) antinociception, in the glutamate test, was neither affected by intraperitoenal treatment of animals withl‐arginine (precursor of nitric oxide, 600 mg/kg) and naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg.) nor associated with non‐specific effects such as muscle relaxation or sedation. In addition, oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract produced a great inhibition of the pain‐related behaviours induced by intrathecal injection of glutamate,N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA), IL‐1β and TNF‐α, but not by α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐isoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA), kainate or trans‐1‐amino‐1.3‐cyclopentanediocarboxylic acid (trans‐ACPD). Together, our results suggest that inhibition of glutamatergic ionotropic receptors, may account for the antinociceptive action reported for the hydroalcoholic extract fromP. paniculatain models of chemical pain used in this study.