bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive narrative review of transcriptomics and epigenomics of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Tanwar Pranay , Minocha Shilpi , Gupta Ishaan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the quiet prevalent and aggressive biliary tract malignant neoplasms distinguished by significant cellular heterogeneity, metastatic activity, and a poor prognosis, with varied frequency worldwide. Most cases are detected incidentally while routine screening imaging or pathological investigation of cholecystectomy tissues and usually present with advanced disease. The surgical resection is usually done in the initial clinical stage having limited spread. Despite the surgical therapy, the death rate is significant. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms affecting the clinical course of inflammatory gallbladder to carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. There is an impending need for developing diagnostic biomarkers and targeted approaches for GBC. The newer molecular platform, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as RNA-sequencing (RNAseq), single-cell sequencing, and microarray technology, has revolutionized the field of genomics, opened a new perspective in defining genetic and epigenetic characteristics identifying molecules as possible therapeutic targets. Therefore, in this review, we would analyze transcriptomic and epigenomics profiles of GBC using already published high-throughput sequencing-based studies published between 2010 and 2023. The review would also analyze the possible impact of the technological advancement on the patient management strategy and overall survival. This may also help identify target genes and pathways linked to GBC, which may help establish molecular biomarkers, for early GBC diagnosis, personalized therapy, and management.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of maxilla presenting as proptosis: A case report
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Jindal Arpita , Bhalgat Bhushan , Swain Phanindra Kumar , Sharma Raj Govind 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm that rarely metastasizes. SFTs was first described in relation to pleura. However, occurrence of this tumor type has been reported in other sites like peritoneum, liver, adrenal gland, meninges and oral cavity. In head and neck region, oral cavity is the most common site of involvement. Most of the solitary fibrous tumors are benign and present as an asymptomatic slow growing mass. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Hereby, we describe a case of 71-year-old male with malignant solitary fibrous tumor arising from right maxilla invading the right orbit presenting as proptosis.
Intra-operative intaoral ultrasonograpy ensures free deep resection margins in carcinoma tongue: A pilot study
Authors: Saharan Deepak , Verma Roshan K. , Ahuja Chirag , Bal Amanjit 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Resection of primary in carcinoma tongue is challenging as the tumor often spreads submucosal and deep in muscles. There are various Intraoperative tools available to guide tumor resection margins. We studied the use of intraoperative ultrasound-guided resection for obtaining free deep resection margins in cases of oral carcinoma tongue. To assess the feasibility of resection of tongue tumor using intraoral ultrasound intraoperatively. 5 patients of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma were included in this prospective pilot study. Intraoral ultrasound-guided resection of the primary tongue tumor was done. The surgeon moved the probe over the tumor and focussed on the point of maximum invasion by the tumor. A 26 G needle was passed in the tongue at a point that was 10 mm away from the deepest point of infiltration. It marked the deepest plane of resection. Following the above marking, a resection of tumor was done. Deep surgical resection margin was found to be >5 mm (free) in all the USG-guided surgically resected primary tongue tumors on histopathological examination. We have found intraoperative ultrasonography a useful tool for the surgical resection of primary tongue tumours.
Indirect hyperbilirubinemia because of eltrombopag in two cases after autologous hematopoetic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gunduz Bahar Oztelcan , Atas Erman 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag has some side effects. One of them is related to bilirubin metabolism. Two patients with neuroblastoma in remission underwent stem cell transplantation with the Busulfan-melphalan regimen. Eltrombopag was started because of platelet engraftment failure. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia was detected after eltrombopag treatment. Laboratory and radiological investigations were all normal. The drugs and their side effects they used were examined. After eltombopag cutting, bilirubin levels of them returned to normal. These cases are presented to emphasize that eltrombopag can cause liver toxicity with hypertransaminesemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Drug side effects should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the patients. The significance of this case is that testing for serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels should be monitored before and after eltrombopag use.
Expression of Claudin-4 and D2-40 and their significance in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kabra Hardik , Mohanty Nihar Ranjan , Tripathy Sukanta , Mohanty Madhusmita , Senapati Urmila , Rath Jayashree 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Claudins are a clan of proteins that are the most important component of tight junctions. The claudin-4 expression has been linked to tumour cell invasion and progression in a variety of primary malignancies. Evaluation of lymphovascular density (LVD) correlates with tumour aggressiveness and may correlate with prognosis. D2-40 is a highly specific marker of lymphatic vessels.

Aims:
To evaluate the claudin-4 expression in relation to LVD by D2-40 expression and with clinicopathological parameters in prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Settings and Design:
Prospective study

Materials and Methods:
39 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were taken, the D2-40 and claudin-4 immunohistochemical stains were performed and correlation was done with clinicopathological parameters.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analyses such as mean, median, standard deviation, Mann–Whitney U test, Fischer exact test, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, Chi-square test and T-test were used.

Results:
The claudin-4 expression was seen higher in cases with higher Gleason score but it was statistically non-significant (P = 0.778). The claudin-4 expression did not correlate with any clinicopathological parameters. LVD in the peritumoral area was significantly higher as compared to the intratumoral area (P = 0.005). Intratumoral LVD and perineural invasion were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.048).

Conclusion:
The claudin-4 expression may correlate with adverse prognostic parameters. Higher lymphatic vessels can be responsible for the higher metastatic potential of prostatic adenocarcinomas.
Cell-free SLC30A10 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and their association with vitamin-D level among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: Verma Amit K. , Naseeb Manal A. , Basaqr Reem O. , Albajri Eram A. , Khan Mohammad Idreesh , Dev Kapil , Beg Mirza Masroor Ali 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Lung cancer has been major cause of cancer related death and day by day Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases are increasing globally. Present study explored the link between SLC30A10 mRNA expression with vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients.

Methods:
Present study included newly diagnosed 100 NSCLC patients and 100 healthy controls. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to check the SLC30A10 mRNA expression after cDNA synthesis from extracted total RNA from serum sample. Vitamin-D level was also analyzed in all the NSCLC patients by electrochemiluminscence based immunoassay method.

Results:
Present research work observed decreased SLC30A10 mRNA expression (0.16 fold) among the NSCLC patients, decreased SLC30A10 mRNA expression was linked with advanced stage (0.15 fold, P < 00001) of disease and distant organ metastases (0.11 fold, P < 00001) compared to its contrast. Decreased level of vitamin-D was also observed with advanced stage (17.98 ng/ml, P < 00001) of disease and distant organ metastases (16.23 ng/ml, P < 00001) compared to its contrast. Positive correlation was observed between SLC30A10 mRNA expression with vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients suggesting decrease or increase in SLC30A10 mRNA expression mau decreases or increase the vitamin-D level. NSCLC patients with vitamin-D deficiency had 0.14 reduced SCL30A10 mRNA expression while insufficient (P = 0 .06) and sufficient (P = 0.03) showed comparatively high SCL30A10 mRNA expression.

Conclusion:
Study concluded that down regulation of SLC30A10 mRNA and vitamin-D deficiency may involve in advancement of disease and distant organ metastases. It was also suggested that the decrease of increase in SLC30A10 expression may cause the decrease of increase in vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients may be involved in disease severity and worseness of NSCLC disease.
Hiccups: An atypical side effect experienced during chemo-radiotherapy in carcinoma nasopharynx
Authors: Pandey Ankita , Mishra Himanshu , Singh Pramod Kumar , Mishra Ritusha 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an uncommon cancer but has a distinct racial and geographic distribution. Patient presents with constellation of signs and symptoms due to its vicinity to critical structures and are best treated by conformal concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. We present a case of 45-year-old male diagnosed with carcinoma nasopharynx, referred to us for radiotherapy after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As per the prevailing standard of care, patient was planned for radiotherapy by volumetric arc technique with concurrent cisplatin. Initial days of treatment were uneventful. After fourth week of treatment, patient developed persistent hiccup which was not relieved on conservative medications. Plan was re-evaluated and it revealed maximum dose of 54.6 Gy to the brainstem. Radiotherapy induced edema that could have stimulated vagus nerve leading to hiccups was suspected. Patient was started on injectable steroid and chlorpromazine. There was prompt recovery from the symptom within five days of conservative treatment.
Multiple myeloma with oral manifestations as maxillary ulceroproliferative lesion: A case report
Authors: Thankappan Simi , Nedumpillil Sherin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant neoplasm of bone and can manifest with different clinical features in oral cavity. MM lesions in skull and jaws have characteristic punched out lesions but are often confused with meningioma when they occur in skull as solitary lesions. We report a case of MM that reported in oral cavity for which prompt diagnosis was done, but there were symptoms that persisted for years and a skull lesion that was diagnosed and treated as meningioma before MM was diagnosed from the oral lesions. This is the first case where the patient has been actually treated for meningioma, and then diagnosed with MM after months. In that case, SBP or MM should be included in the differential diagnosis of a dural mass, particularly when a patient is complaining of neurological deficits. Also, the role of oral physician in the diagnosis of MM should be stressed in diagnosis and multidisciplinary management, thus facilitating better clinical outcomes.
Re-do cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): Risk factors and complications
Authors: Mishra Namita , Kumar Madhav , Singh Soumya , Rani Khushbu 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
An effective multi-modal treatment option for patients with peritoneal surface metastatic malignancies has progressed and developed over the decades as cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) delivers highly concentrated, heated chemotherapy drugs directly to the abdomen during surgery. Peritoneal metastasis and high staging abdominal malignancies were considered incurable and end up with the palliation only; the CRS+HIPEC combination approach increases the median survival rate and gives a better quality of life to these patients. It is a complicated surgery which poses a high rate of complications and challenges which are difficult to manage and requires a multi-disciplinary approach. The aim of this study is to elaborate the perioperative possible physiological changes, risk factors, and related complications after re-do HIPEC.
A malignant transformation of borderline phyllodes tumor to fibrosarcoma breast: A rare case report
Authors: Kumar Madhu , Sagar Mala , Vimal Jitendra K. , Kumar Vijay 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Phyllodes tumor of the breast with malignant transformation to fibrosarcoma of the breast is a rare entity. Breast fibrosarcoma is uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all breast tumors. Prognosis of fibrosarcoma of the breast is poor. Due to its rarity, survival rates are not defined. A 23-year-old woman presented with a mass in the left breast, and another 48-year-old woman presented with right breast mass. Both patients underwent for surgery. The histological & immunohistochemical examination confirms the diagnosis of a malignant transformation from borderline phyllodes tumor to fibrosarcoma. We concluded that the phyllodes tumor is mostly benign but local recurrence is common. As the tumor progresses toward malignancy, due to the difficulty in the diagnosis of borderline phyllodes tumors, total mastectomy with axillary resection must be recommended.
A rare case of miliary tuberculosis in a patient with NSCLC receiving PD1 inhibitor therapy, mimicking autoimmune pneumonitis
Authors: Nikola Nikolic , Natasa Djurdjevic , Milica Kontic 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used for the treatment of various types of cancer. One of the possible immune-related adverse effects of ICI is pneumonitis, which is a life-threatening condition that can present as a variety of radiographic patterns, so it can be difficult to differentiate from infectious cases of pneumonia based on radiological findings alone. We present a rare case of miliary tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in a patient receiving programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy mimicking autoimmune pneumonitis and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of this unexpected event. We presented a 52-year-old patient with stage IV non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who was admitted to the hospital with radiological and clinical signs of pneumonitis caused by immunotherapy—Pembrolizumab. During hospitalization, she was clinically, laboratory, and microbiologically processed and her diagnosis of M. tuberculosis was confirmed. Initial treatment started with corticosteroids as a pneumonitis treatment, and because there was no adequate response, and the diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed, treatment with a four-regimen antituberculotic drug started. On a control, CT scan regression in distribution and number of changes in lungs occurred. After a while, patient died due to hepatic failure. There are not many reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients receiving immunotherapy; to our knowledge, no cases of M. tuberculosis in a patient with lung cancer were described. Since there is a different approach to the treatment of tuberculosis and pneumonitis, we presented our dilemmas and literature review in this article. A multidisciplinary approach (oncologist, radiologist, microbiologist, etc.) is essential in a case like this.
Extent of extravasation: Patients on parenteral plant alkaloids
Authors: Somayaji Shalaka , Reddy Sangana S. , Murthy Mamatha K. , Maka Vinayak V. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Plant alkaloids remain an essential part of many chemotherapeutic regimens. Although many adverse effects have been studied with appropriate management guidelines, extravasation (EV) is one adverse event that is yet to be studied at a regional scale to frame population-specific guidelines.

Methodology:
A hospital-based observational study was done for 1 year to understand the extent of extravasation among patients on parenteral plant alkaloids. Clinical pharmacists congregated information about patients satisfying the study criteria. The incidence of EV injuries associated with parenteral plant alkaloids was assessed. The severity was scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.3. The ESMO-EONS guidelines were followed for the classification of chemotherapeutic agents as well as management of the incidents of EV.

Results:
Among the 80 patients recruited into the study, 26.25% of patients experienced EV injuries, of which 66.67% were grade 2 and 33.33% were grade 3. Females were prevalent at 62% among the injured group. Patients in the age group 31–50 years and 51–60 years sustained 28.57% of the injuries each. In 76.19% of injured patients, ambulation status was positive during the infusion. ESMO-EONS drug classification showed that 54.84% of the drugs prescribed were vesicants. Paclitaxel was seen in 33.33% of prescriptions in the injured group, among other plant alkaloids.

Conclusion:
Our study saw a trend of vesicant-induced extravasation injury among patients prescribed parenteral chemotherapeutic regimens with a combination of plant alkaloids, indicating the significant risk they may pose.
Central nervous system metastasis in gynecologic cancers: Seeking the prognostic factors
Authors: Minareci Yagmur , Ak Naziye , Tosun Ozgur Aydın , Sozen Hamdullah , Saip Pinar Mualla , Topuz Samet , Salihoglu Mehmet Yavuz 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Objective:
Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis originating from gynecological cancer is a very rare and late manifestation of the disease. Therefore, there is still limited data on prognostic factors for survival. The objective of the present study is to identify prognostic factors for survival in patients with CNS metastasis originating from gynecological cancer.

Study Design:
The present retrospective study analyzed the patients with gynecological cancers who were treated due to CNS metastases between January 1999 and December 2019 at Istanbul University Hospital.

Results:
Forty-seven patients with CNS metastasis of gynecological origin were included in the study. The median age at the time of CNS metastasis was 59 (range 34–93). The median time from initial cancer diagnosis to CNS metastasis was 24.9 (range: 0–108.2) months. Most patients had epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (76.6%), followed by endometrial cancer (EC) (14.8%), cervical cancer (CC) (4.3%), and vulvar cancer (VC) (4.3%). By multivariate analysis, the presence of extracranial metastasis (HR: 5.10; 95% CI: 1.71-15.18), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥3 (HR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.36-6.26), palliative care only for the treatment of CNS metastasis (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.58-4.11), and treatment-free interval (TFI) <6 months (HR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.23-6.08) were independent factors that associated with worse survival.

Conclusion:
Patients with CNS metastasis who have favorable prognostic factors are considered to be appropriate candidates for aggressive and long-term treatment strategies. Extracranial metastasis, ECOG performance status, treatment history of CNS metastasis, and TFI were determined as independent prognostic factors that improved survival. TFI might be taken into account as a prognostic factor for patients with CNS metastasis in gynecological cancer.
Electron radiotherapy for EMPD of penis and scrotum
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Youn Seon Min , Shim Su Jung , Lee Mi Jo 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Electron beams represent an important treatment modality for providing an accurate dose of therapy to superficial cancers. This case reports important findings of dermal invasion in patients with extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) using microscopic measurements and electron beam coverage. EMPD is a rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma generally arising in the anogenital region. Surgery is still a curable treatment option for patients with EMPD, whereas radiation therapy (RT) is an alternative for inoperable cases and is necessary in cases where surgery is not performed. This case report describes our experience and reviews the relevant literature on the feasibility of electron RT according to the dermal invasion length. An 80-year-old patient was diagnosed with EMPD and presented for definite radiation treatment. We observed no grade 3 toxicities during electron RT, and at the last follow-up visit, no signs of relapse were observed. There are no reports of electron irradiation as a feasible treatment option for EMPD considering the epidermal invasion length.
Personalized medicine in radiation oncology and radiation sensitivity index: Pathbreaking genomic way to define the role of radiation in cancer management
Authors: Mondal Dodul , Pareek Vibhay , Barthwal Mansi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS
The technological developments associated with the branch of Radiation Oncology have been directed towards precise delivery of the dose, leading to improved survival in various solid malignancies. Radiation therapy as a treatment modality, is an integral component of more than half of the diagnosed malignancies. In spite of the role of adaptive radiation therapy evolving over the last decade, the fundamental question remains as to the difference in radiation response between individuals. Recently, the role of the radiosensitivity index has emerged, which has shown immense potential in the development of biologically driven tumor radiation therapy. The role of these novel methods of genome-based molecular assays needs to be explored to help in decision-making between radical treatment options for various malignancies and reduce the associated toxicity burden. In this article, we explore the current evidence available for various malignancy sites and provide a comprehensive review of the predictive values of various molecular markers available and their impact on the radiosensitivity index.
A pharmacological perspectives of Musa sapientum peels against lung cancer: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Praveena A , Saraswathi P L , Saranya V , Yuvarani A 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Context:
The essential role of medicinal plants is studied over 5000 years against the life-threatening diseases such as cancer in developing countries. The more cognizance on molecular mechanism will engender trend to use them efficaciously.

Aims:
To analyze the pharmacological activity of banana peel against lung cancer.

Settings and Design:
Banana fruit is a nutritious victuals with proven medicinal properties. The underlying molecular mechanism of phytochemicals present in the banana peel was studied using in vitro and in silico methods to explore an efficacious anticancer drug against lung cancer.

Methods and Materials:
The petroleum ether extract of Musa sapientum peel is analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in vitro studies using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and lipid peroxidase assay, and the in silico studies by molecular docking.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Microsoft Excel 2010 is used to calculate the mean and standard deviation for the ABTS and lipid peroxidation assay.

Results:
The antioxidant activity was found to be 20 µg/ml concentration in ABTS assay and 10 µg/ml concentration in lipid peroxidation assay. The in vitro anticancer activity was inspected using A549 cell lines by MTT assay. Tri cyclo [5,1,0,0 (2, 4) oct 5-ene 5 proponoic acid] 3,3,8,8 tetramethyl was selected as best lead against epidermal growth factor receptor of human based on the energy score calculated using the Auto-dock software.

Conclusions:
This study strongly supports that unexploited banana peels could be used to harvest promising lead molecules against non-small cell lung cancer.