bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder wall grafting in rats using salt‐modified and collagen‐coated polycaprolactone scaffolds: Preliminary report
Authors: Yu Dah‐Shyong , Lee Chi‐Feng , Chen Hong‐I , Chang Sun‐Yran 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  A rat model was used for the evaluation of collagen‐coated and salt‐modified polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for bladder grafting after hemicystectomy.Methods:  SD rats underwent partial cystectomy and cystoplasty with collagen‐coated and salt‐modified polycaprolactone scaffolds. The grafts of the regenerated bladder wall were harvested at different intervals and tissue regeneration was evaluated microscopically. Anatomic and functional characters were evaluated by cystography and urodynamics.Results:  At harvesting, after 1 and 2 months, we found good preservation of the bladder shape and volume in all 16 rats receiving PCL cystorrhaphy. No stone formation was observed. Good epithelialization and ingrowth of smooth muscle cells were seen after 2 months grafting. Collagen‐coated PCL scaffolds showed considerable encrustation, which appeared to be absorbed and disappear with time. The cystographic and urodynamic examinations revealed intact contour and a well‐accommodated bladder with reservoir volume and contractility.Conclusions:  In the rat model, we have successfully demonstrated the applicability of collagen coated and salt‐modified PCL in reconstruction of the partial cystectomized bladder.
Effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor on the contractility of prostate tissues and urethral pressure responses in a rat model of benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Kang Kyung K , Kim Ju M , Yu Jae Y , Ahn Byoung O , Yoo Moohi , Kim Young C 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  This study was performed to investigate the effect of DA‐8159, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:  We assessed the influence of DA‐8159 on the contractility of rat prostate tissues in an organ‐bath experiment. In addition, in order to investigate whether chronic administration of DA‐8159 prevents the increase of electrostimulation‐induced intraurethral pressure (IUP) responses associated with BPH, BPH was induced by steroid hormones (testosterone plus 17β‐estradiol) and DA‐8159 (5, 20 mg/kg) was concomitantly administered once a day for 8 weeks. After that the electrostimulation‐induced IUP responses were measured. Finally, we investigated the acute treatment effect of DA‐8159 on IUP responses in an established BPH model after a single intravenous injection of DA‐8159 (0.3, 1 mg/kg).Results:  DA‐8159 concentration‐dependently reduced the contraction of the isolated prostate strips with an IC50 value of 70 μM. In chronic treatment study, while the BPH control rats showed a significantly increased IUP both at the baseline and by electrostimulation, the chronic DA‐8159 treatment significantly attenuated the increase in IUP responses in a dose‐ and frequency‐dependent manner. In the acute treatment study, a single intravenous injection of DA‐8159 also prevented the increase in urethral pressure in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions:  These results suggest that DA‐8159 may be beneficial on lowering the urethral pressure associated with BPH via dilatation of the prostate, but a further evaluation of the efficacy on humans needs to be performed.
Genetic diversity in pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus) in Sweden: role of spatial, temporal and insecticide resistance factors
Authors: Kazachkova Nadiya , Meijer Johan , Ekbom Barbara 
Published: August 2007

Abstract1 Pollen beetles Meligethes aeneus are pests of oilseed Brassica crops that are subject to intensive chemical control. Resistance to pyrethroids has been reported. Although this insect is of great economic importance, little is known about its genetic properties and population structure.2 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis with the restriction endonuclease combination EcoRI and PstI was performed on 133 samples of groups of three pollen beetles collected during 2001–04 from five different provinces of Sweden. Both susceptible and resistant insects were studied. Using one primer combination, more than 450 polymorphic DNA fragments were obtained and, in total, four primer combinations were used for analysis. A subsample of 59 single beetles was analysed using one primer combination.3 AFLP profiles were analysed by similarity measures using the Nei and Li coefficient and Neighbour‐joining dendrograms were generated. The dendrogram built using 133 samples showed three distinct groups, each containing beetles representing one generation. Statistical analysis using analysis of molecular variance of single beetle samples showed no evidence of significant genetic difference between resistant and susceptible beetles. Instead, a clear difference between samples, depending on time of collection and generation, was observed.4 The expected regional population structure, although statistically significant, explained little of the variation. The levels of genetic variation within populations were very high. There appears to be a high rate of gene flow between pollen beetle populations. The implications of this in the context of insecticide resistance are discussed.
Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats (Capra hicus)
Authors: Broadwater Joshua J. , Schorling Jamie J. , Herring Ian P. , Pickett J. Phillip 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective To document normal ophthalmic findings and ocular abnormalities in captive adult pygmy goats.Animals studied Ten healthy adult pygmy goats (five male, five female; 5–11 years of age; 26–45 kg body mass) underwent complete ophthalmic examinations.Procedure Direct illumination, diffuse and slit‐beam biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, IOP measurements and Schirmer tear tests were performed. TonoVet®rebound tonometry, followed by topical application of 0.5% ophthalmic proparacaine, and Tono‐Pen XL®applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to obtain estimates of IOP.Results Ophthalmic abnormalities included corneal scars and pigmentation, incipient cataracts, lenticular sclerosis, and vitreal veiling. Mean STT values were 15.8 mm/min, with a range of 10–30 mm/min. Mean IOP values were 11.8 mmHg for TonoVet®‐D, with a range of 9–14 mmHg; 7.9 mmHg for TonoVet®‐P, with a range of 6–12 mmHg; and 10.8 mmHg for Tono‐Pen XL®, with a range of 8–14 mmHg.Conclusions Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats, including normal means and ranges for STT and IOP measurements, using applanation and rebound tonometry, are provided.
Pretreatment with feline interferon omega and the course of subsequent infection with feline herpesvirus in cats
Authors: Haid Clemens , Kaps Simone , Gönczi Enikö , Hässig Michael , Metzler Alfred , Spiess Bernhard M. , Richter Marianne 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  Recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN‐ω), a type I IFN, may have the potential to limit virus replication and associated clinical signs when administered early on in the course of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV‐1) infection and reactivation, respectively. The effect of rFeIFN‐ω pretreatment on the course of subsequent FHV‐1 infection in cats was investigated.Animals studied  Nine SPF cats were divided into an IFN group (n = 5) and a control‐group (n = 4).Procedures  The IFN group was pretreated for 2 days with 10 000 units rFeIFN‐ω twice a day topically into both eyes and 20 000 units rFeIFN‐ω once a day orally, whereas the control group was mock‐treated. Subsequently all cats were infected with FHV‐1. Samples for FHV‐1 DNA detection and quantitation, virus isolation, and titration of FHV‐1 antibodies were collected. Clinical and ocular signs were recorded and scored.Results  Courses of median individual clinical and ocular scores and virus load did not differ significantly between both groups using anova for repeated measurements. Analysis (anova) of each individual ocular parameter revealed significantly high scores for epithelial keratitis (P = 0.016) in the IFN group compared to the control group. Periods of virus shedding did not differ significantly between both groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.Conclusions  Results indicated a lack of beneficial effects of rFeIFN‐ω pretreatment in the course of primary FHV‐1 infection in cats.
Perinatal hypoxia induces subsequent retinal degeneration in the offspring of ovoviviparous fish, Xiphophorous maculates
Authors: Lü Lan‐Hai , Li Ji‐Cheng , Wai Maria Sen Mun , Lam Wai Ping , Forster E. Lucy , Fang Ma‐Rong , Yew David T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  This experiment evaluated the perinatal hypoxic effect on the retina of offspring of the ovoviviparous fish.Animal studied  The ovoviviparous fish Xiphophorous maculates was used for the experiment.Procedure  The mothers were kept in a hypoxic environment of 3.5% oxygen for 6 h, starting 30 h before hatching. Subsequently, the retinae of the offspring were fixed, sectioned at 6 µm and evaluated microscopically from the age of 1 to 35 days.Results  Degeneration of the outer nuclear layer of the retina was noted on the 3rd day and severe retinal degeneration was observed on the 35th day. Immunocytochemistry confirmed apoptosis by TUNEL reaction. There was no difference in neovascularization, as revealed by vascular endothelial growth factor, between controls (group 1) and hypoxic fish (group 2).Conclusions  Perinatal hypoxia could have long‐lasting effects on the central nervous system in some species.
The effect of low dose rocuronium on globe position, muscle relaxation and ventilation in dogs: a clinical study
Authors: Auer Ulrike , Mosing Martina , Moens Yves P. S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  The purpose of this study was to evaluate globe position, muscle relaxation and changes in ventilatory parameters after intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg rocuronium.Study design  Prospective clinical study.Animal studied  Sixteen dogs of different breeds, with a body weight of 22.1 ± 13 kg and age of 5.6 ± 2.8 years (mean ± SD), were anesthetized for a short ophthalmic examination requiring central position of the globe.Procedures  All dogs were premedicated with 0.005 mg/kg medetomidine and 0.1 mg/kg methadone IV. Anesthesia was induced with propofol to effect and maintained with 10 mg/kg/h propofol by continuous rate infusion. Following endotracheal intubation all dogs breathed 100% oxygen via an anesthetic circle system. Neuromuscular function was assessed with an acceleromyograph (TOF‐Guard®, Organon Teknika NV, Turnhout, Belgium) and by stimulation of the nervus peroneus superficialis. The ventilation parameters were measured using spirometry and capnography. After baseline measurements 0.1 mg/kg rocuronium was administered IV. Minute volume (MV), tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR), end expiratory carbon dioxide concentration (PE’CO2) and maximal depression of the response of the first twitch (T1) of train‐of‐four (TOF) stimulation and train‐of‐four ratio (TOFR) was measured. The change in the position of the globe was recorded.Results  T1 decreased to 61 ± 18% and the TOF ratio to 45 ± 21% of baseline values. Both parameters returned to baseline after 9 min. There was no significant reduction in MV, TV and RR and no increase in PE’CO2. The globe rotated to a central position of 45 ± 7.7 s after administration of rocuronium and remained there for 23 ± 10.8 min in all dogs.Conclusion  Rocuronium administered intravenously at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg to dogs causes a central position of the globe but minimal impairment of ventilation parameters.
Visual outcome in a group of dogs with ocular blastomycosis treated with systemic antifungals and systemic corticosteroids
Authors: Finn Michael J. , Stiles Jean , Krohne Sheryl G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective To evaluate the success of the use of systemic corticosteroids and antifungal medications in the treatment of dogs with ocular lesions associated with systemic blastomycosis.Design Retrospective study.Animals studied Medical records of 25 dogs diagnosed with blastomycosis, via either cytology or histopathology, at the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2005, were reviewed.Procedure Data collected from the medical records included signalment, presence and progression of ocular lesions, antifungal drugs administered, oral and topical corticosteroid administration, length of follow‐up, response to treatment, and visual outcome.Results Of the 25 cases reviewed, 12 dogs (19 eyes) with follow‐up information were found to have lesions consistent with ocular blastomycosis. Length of follow‐up in the 12 cases ranged from 1 month to 31 months with a mean of 9 months. Antifungal therapy for all cases consisted of oral itraconazole (5 mg/kg every 24 h) initially. In seven cases, the antifungal drug administered was changed from itraconazole to oral fluconazole. Two of these also received intravenous amphotericin B, and two received additional treatment with itraconazole. All 12 dogs also received oral prednisone. The dose of oral prednisone utilized ranged from 0.2 mg/kg/day to 1.4 mg/kg/day with a mean of 0.7 mg/kg/day; the duration of oral prednisone administration ranged from 2 weeks to 8.5 months with a mean of 3 months. Topical prednisolone was a component of the treatment of 16 of the 19 eyes. Duration of topical prednisolone treatment ranged from 1 month to 30 months with a mean of 5 months. Lesions not located in the eyes exhibited a positive response to treatment in 11 (92%) of the 12 dogs. Overall, 14/19 (74%) affected eyes were visual at the time of their final recheck. All eyes with mild or moderate lesions and 5/10 (50%) severely affected eyes were visual at their last recorded recheck examination.Conclusions The administration of systemic corticosteroids did not appear to adversely affect the survival rate and might have played a role in preservation of vision in a majority of dogs in this group with ocular blastomycosis.
Solid intraocular xanthogranuloma in three Miniature Schnauzer dogs
Authors: Zarfoss Mitzi K. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective Macrophages that contain abundant intracytoplasmic lipid are called ‘foam cells’. In four canine globes submitted to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), foam cells formed a solid intraocular mass. The purpose of this study was to describe the histopathologic findings in these cases.Procedure The electronic COPLOW database (1993–2006) was searched for the diagnosis of ‘foam cell tumor’. Clinical history, gross pathology and histopathology (5‐micron sections, hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff) were reviewed in all cases. Cases were included if the globe was grossly filled by a solid mass and if all intraocular structures were effaced by lipid‐laden foam cell macrophages admixed with birefringent, Alcian blue‐positive crystals oriented in stellate patterns.Results All three patients (four globes) satisfying the selection criteria were Miniature Schnauzers. In all cases the clinical history included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and chronic bilateral uveitis that was interpreted to be lens‐induced. All globes were enucleated because of glaucoma.Conclusions The term solid intraocular xanthogranuloma was used to describe these cases because the intraocular contents were effaced by a solid mass of foam cells and birefringent crystals. The cases in this report suggest that diabetic Miniature Schnauzers with hyperlipidemia are at risk for lipid and macrophage‐rich uveitis, which may in some cases form a solid inflammatory intraocular mass, precipitate glaucoma, and lead to enucleation.
The effects of cataract stage, lens‐induced uveitis and cataract removal on ERG in dogs with cataract
Authors: Maehara Seiya , Itoh Norihiko , Wakaiki Shinsuke , Yamasaki Ayako , Tsuzuki Keiko , Izumisawa Yasuharu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cataract stage, lens‐induced uveitis and cataract removal on the electroretinogram (ERG) of dogs with cataract.Animals studied  Fifty‐seven dogs diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral cataract whose ERG was recorded at Rakuno Gakuen University Teaching Animal Hospital from 2001 to 2004.Procedures  Four responses were recorded during the ERG: rod ERG, standard combined ERG, single‐flash cone ERG and 30‐Hz flicker ERG. Cataracts were divided into four stages: incipient, immature, mature and hypermature, and with or without lens induced uveitis (LIU). Noncataractous eyes of dogs with unilateral cataract were used as the control. We compared ERG amplitude, implicit time, and the b‐ to a‐wave amplitude ratio of cataractous vs. noncataractous eyes, preoperative vs. postoperative cataractous eyes, and cataractous eyes with and without LIU.Results  No significant difference was found in ERG amplitude between incipient, immature and hypermature cataractous eyes, while in mature cataractous eyes decreased amplitude was confirmed in all responses compared with control eyes. However, no significant difference in b/a ratio was found at any stage of cataract. In postoperative eyes, increased amplitude was recorded in all responses compared to preoperative values. In eyes with LIU a decreased amplitude in the rod ERG and b‐wave of standard combined ERG was recorded and, furthermore, a significant decline was confirmed in b/a ratio.Conclusion  ERG values were influenced by cataract stage and LIU. LIU was associated with a reduction in the b/a ratio.
Angiostatin and integrin αvβ3 in the feline, bovine, canine, equine, porcine and murine retina and cornea
Authors: Pearce Jacqueline W. , Janardhan Kyathanahalli S. , Caldwell Sarah , Singh Baljit 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose Angiogenesis is tightly controlled in the ocular tissues of domestic animals but its mechanisms are not fully understood. This is largely because of insufficient data on the expression of molecules that impact angiogenesis. Because angiostatin and one of its receptors integrin αvβ3 inhibit and promote angiogenesis, respectively, we hypothesized that the normal retina and cornea of domestic animals would express angiostatin but not integrin αvβ3.Procedure Normal eyes of the cat, cow, dog, horse, pig and rat were evaluated for angiostatin and integrin αvβ3 by light and electron immunocytochemistry and estern blots.Results Angiostatin was detected in the corneal epithelium of the cat, dog, horse, pig and rat, but was not found in cow corneal epithelium. Angiostatin was localized in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner and outer plexiform layers, and the photoreceptor layer of the cat, cow, dog and rat. Horse and pig retinas showed additional staining in the matrix of the inner nuclear layer. Immunogold electron microscopy further confirmed angiostatin in cat retina. Western blots showed angiostatin in corneal and retinal homogenates. Integrin αvβ3 was absent in cornea and retina of all the species studied.Conclusion These data show that angiostatin, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, is present while integrin αvβ3, which promotes angiogenesis, is absent in normal cornea and retina of the domestic animals in this study with the exception being angiostatin absence in cow corneal epithelium. Therefore, angiostatin may contribute to the anti‐angiogenic environment in the normal domestic animal eye while its absence in the cow may contribute to greater propensity for corneal vascularization. Because integrin αvβ3 is one of the receptors for angiostatin, its absence may prevent angiostatin from killing normal retinal and corneal cells.
The importance of free fatty acids in the development of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wilding J. P. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe recent increase in the prevalence of obesity has been associated with a coincident rise in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, whereas weight loss has been shown to decrease the risk of Type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological mechanisms that have been proposed to explain this link are fundamentally concerned with insulin resistance and the decline in pancreatic B‐cell function that accompanies an increase in visceral obesity. They involve the rise in the plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) that are associated with an increase in fat mass. Elevated levels of FFAs can lead to insulin resistance, and evidence is growing that B‐cell function is impaired through lipotoxicity. Factors such as tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and adiponectin, released from adipose tissue, can also modulate insulin resistance. Many interventions that are helpful in treating or preventing Type 2 diabetes, such as weight loss and certain pharmacological interventions, reduce circulating FFA concentrations to a greater or lesser extent. Recent study results suggest that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists have an effect on the development of Type 2 diabetes. However, in light of concerns over the apparent increase in congestive heart failure with PPARγ agonists, their place in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes remains to be determined.
Ethnic differences in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Simmons D. , Clover G. , Hope C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAims/hypothesis  To compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in European, Maori and Pacific peoples with diabetes.Methods  Biomedical assessment and retinal examination, using photography where possible, was undertaken in 458 (67.5% of eligible) randomly selected household survey participants with known diabetes (168 Europeans, 144 Maori, 149 Pacific people). Glycaemia was measured by glycated haemoglobin, fructosamine and random glucose.Results  In those with Type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of moderate or more severe retinopathy was 4.0% in Europeans, 12.9% in Maori and 15.8% in Pacific people (P = 0.003). There was no significant ethnic difference in the prevalence of retinopathy overall or in that of macular disease. Cataracts were more common in Pacific people (19.3%, 16.4%, 36.6%, respectively, P < 0.001). After adjusting for diabetes duration and ethnicity, Type 1 diabetes was associated with 5.3(1.7–16.4)‐fold increase in moderate or more severe retinopathy. Although Maori and Pacific people with Type 2 diabetes were more hyperglycaemic, with higher systolic and lower diastolic blood pressure, in the logistic regression analysis, moderate or more severe retinopathy was associated with diabetes duration, insulin therapy, ethnicity and the extent of renal disease, but not glycaemia.Conclusions  These data demonstrate that moderate or more severe retinopathy is more common in Polynesians than Europeans. The reasons for this are unclear, but may be related to long‐standing hyperglycaemia.