bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black pigments in the liver related to gold and titanium deposits. a report of four cases
Authors: Brenard R. , Dumortier P. , Del Natale M. , Honhon B. , Van Den Berghe M. , Bataille C. , Rickaert F. , Henrion J. , Peny M. O. , Rahier J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBlack pigments are rarely described in the liver. We report four patients with chronic cholestasis and black pigments described on liver histological examination. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis identified these black pigments as gold particles in the first three patients and titanium particles in the fourth. The origin of the gold deposits was unknown in this first patient and related to gold salts therapy in the two others. Titanium deposits was associated with hepatic granulomas and related to total knee replacement.
Influence of trap type, trap colour, and trapping location on the capture of the pine moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Authors: Athanassiou Christos G. , Kavallieratos Nickolas G. , Gakis Stergios F. , Kyrtsa Lavrentia A. , Mazomenos Basilios E. , Gravanis Fotios T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStudies were conducted to evaluate the effect of type, location, and colour of traps baited with 1 mg of the sex pheromone (Z)‐13‐hexadecen‐11‐ynyl acetate in polyethylene vials on the capture of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), males. The experiments were carried out during two flight seasons in 2002 and 2003 at a low elevation Mediterranean pine forest on the hill of Goritsa (Magnesia, Thessaly, Central Greece). The hill is covered by approximately 120 ha of pines, among which Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae) is predominant with Pinus halepensis Mill. (Pinaceae) as second most common species. Among the commercially available trap types used, the Delta and Pherocon II captured significantly more males than the Funnel trap. Furthermore, pine density had a significant effect on trap type and trap colour catches. Delta traps caught significantly more adults than the other two trap types in the low density pine stand, while in the medium and high‐density pine stands no significant differences were noted between Delta and Pherocon II traps. In addition, trap colour performance varied according to pine density; white‐ and yellow‐coloured traps caught significantly more males than the other two trap colours in the high‐density stand. The first adults were captured in traps during May, and traps continued to capture adults in low numbers (< two individuals per trap) until mid‐June. A period of 3–4 weeks of no trap captures followed until mid‐July, when captures restarted, at low numbers. The peak of T. pityocampa flight was observed during late August–September.
Corneal endothelial cell density reduction: a complication of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens
Authors: Murata Hiroshi , Kato Satoshi , Fukushima Harumi , Tsutsumi Atsuko , Numaga Jiro , Amano Shiro 
Published: January 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the influence of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens on corneal endothelial cells.Methods:  Seventeen eyes of 17 patients were evaluated, and corneal endothelial cells were measured twice: just before retinal photocoagulation using an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens and 33.2 ± 10.2 days after surgery.Results:  A statistically significant reduction was found in corneal endothelial cell numbers before versus after surgery (P = 0.0003).Conclusion:  Our results show corneal endothelial cells to be decreased by retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens. When a patient with a low corneal endothelial cell density receives retinal photocoagulation using an indirect contact lens, it is important to be aware of the potential for further loss.
Langerhans cell hyperplasia in scabies: a mimic of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Bhattacharjee Pradip , Glusac Earl J. 
Published: January 2007

Aim:  In the absence of mites, the histologic diagnosis of human scabies can be difficult. Scabies can mimic a variety of inflammatory and lymphoproliferative disorders. It is under‐recognized that scabies can also mimic Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Methods:  Sixteen examples of scabies were reviewed histologically and immunohistochemically (CD1a, CD3, CD20, CD30 and S100).Results:  Immunohistochemical labeling showed florid CD1a and S100 positivity in most cases, indicative of Langerhans cell hyperplasia. Scattered CD30+ lymphocytes were also typically present, within a dense infiltrate, primarily composed of T lymphocytes and eosinophils.Conclusion:  Because of the prominent CD1a+/S100+ component, scabies can mimic Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This finding should be considered in conjunction with scattered CD30+ cells and clinical features to avoid misdiagnosis.
The Global Forum for Bioethics in Research: Report of a Meeting, November 1999
Authors: Hofman Karen 
Published: January 2007

The first meeting of the Global Forum for Bioethics in Research was initiated by the Fogarty International Centre of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and sponsored by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and the NIH. Held in Bethesda on November 7-10,1999, the intent was to bring together individuals involved in medical research in low- and middle-income nations to share views with each other and with organisations that support clinical research. Approximately 120 persons from 34 countries participated, including individuals from developing countries, pharmaceutical organisations, and communities where medical research is under way.The participants addressed the partnerships required between research sponsors and investigators involved in clinical trials in developing countries and the long-term needs for international multicentred training programs.
Recent Developments in Health Law
Authors: Willgoos Christine 
Published: January 2007

The Office of Inspector General (OIG), Department of Health and Human Services, has issued a proposed rule under section 5201 of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (OCESAA) that would provide a safe harbor from civil sanctions under section 1128A(a)(5) of the Social Security Act for independent dialysis facilities that pay premiums for Supplementary Medical Insurance (Medicare Part B) or Medicare Supplemental Health Insurance Policies (Medigap) for financially needy Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).End-stage renal disease is a chronic disease that requires regular dialysis treatments and monitoring of laboratory values, diet and medication. ESRD patients suffer from irreversible renal failure, often accompanied by diabetes, anemia, hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Malpractice and Negligence: Estate of Taylor v. Muncie Medical Investors, L.P.
Authors: Roberti Stefanie 
Published: January 2007

The Court of Appeals of Indiana upheld the trial court's judgment and refused to create a new tort for “wrongful prolongation of life” because existing law offers a remedy to those who do not wish to be kept alive through artificial measures. Specifically, the court affirmed the trial court's dismissal in favor of Muncie Medical Investors, LP, the operator of Woodlands Nursing Home (“Woodlands”) since the plaintiffs could have sought relief under I.C. § 16-36-1-8 which provides for court resolution of disputes regarding an individual's treatment at the end of life.In 1992, Rebecca Taylor suffered a stroke that left her paralyzed on her left side and confined to a wheelchair. Taylor executed a living will in late 1993 directing that if she was suffering from a terminal illness with “no reasonable possibility of recovery,’’ then no “extraordinary means” to prolong her life should be used.
Critical Biological Agents: Disease Reporting as a Tool for Determining Bioterrorism Preparedness
Authors: Horton Heather H. , Misrahi James J. , Matthews Gene W. , Kocher Paula L. 
Published: January 2007

Before September 11, 2001, a mass-casualty terrorist attack on American soil was generally considered a remote possibility. Similarly, before October 4, 2001—the first confirmed case of anthrax caused by intentional release — widespread bioterrorism seemed implausible. Among the arguments that such a biological artack was unlikely included: the lack of a historical precedent; the technological and organizational challenges to acquiring and weaponizing a biological agent; and the almost universal moral opprobrium that would certainly accompany the use by terrorists of such a weapon. In the wake of September 11th and October 4th, however, many are reconsidering the likelihood of a large-scale bioterrorist attack against civilians.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines bioterrorism as the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or toxins for the purpose of harming or killing civilian. One measurement of the public health system's level of bioterrorism preparedness is the quality and distribution of laws mandating the reporting of diseases caused by certain biological agents.
Obtaining Informed Consent for Research: A Model for Use with Participants Who Are Mentally Ill
Authors: Poythress Norman G. 
Published: January 2007

An issue of ongoing concern to clinical investigators, medical ethicists, and institutional review board (IRB) members is the problem of obtaining informed consent in research that involves people with mental illness as research participants. Although the presence of a mental disorder per se does not render a person incapable of giving informed consent, some individuals afflicted with significant cognitive impairment, formal thought disorder, substantial anxiety or depression, or a variety of other symptoms may be impaired in their capacity to comprehend consent disclosures and therefore to exercise consent to research participation in a competent manner.The stakes surrounding this informed consent issue are significant. On the one hand, the inclusion in research of participants who are not capable of giving informed consent may result in their exposure to unwarranted risks and significant harm. These concerns may be exacerbated in certain clinical trials in which patients are required to discontinue their medications during “washout periods” at the onset of a study, or are randomly assigned to a placebo treatment and remain off medication for (potentially) extended periods.
Managed Care: Health Providers' Bill of Rights Now Law in California
Authors: Lee Bryan 
Published: January 2007

On September 25, 2002, California Governor Gray Davis approved the Health Care Providers’ Bill of Rights (A.B. 2907). The legislation, which went into effect January 1, 2003, outlaws several practices by insurers that physicians complained represented an imbalance of power. Insurers are now unable to compel doctors to take more patients than they feel they can handle, and managed care companies cannot unilaterally change the terms of their contracts with doctors without notice. Governor Davis praised the legislation, stating, “in order to provide patients with world-class care, we must ensure that our doctors have world-class rights.”California has one of the highest levels of health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration in the nation, at 52 percent. Seventy-eight percent of HMO patients are enrolled in five HMOs. As a result of these practice conditions, doctors reportedly often felt pressured to comply when HMOs “ordered [them] to take on additional patients,” “changed contracts without warning,” and were “lax in payments.”
Public Health: Smoking Ban Exceeds Board of Health's Authority
Authors: Lockner Sam 
Published: January 2007

InD.A.B.E., Inc., v. Toledo-Lucas County Board of Health,the Supreme Court of Ohio held that the Ohio Revised Code does not grant a local board of health the power to proscribe smoking in all public places as defined by the Lucas County Regional Health District Clean Indoor Air Regulation.On May 24, 2001, the Board of Health of the Lucas County Regional Health District adopted the regulation in question, prohibiting smoking in all public areas in Lucas County, which were defined as “every enclosed, indoor area to which members of the general public are invited or in which members of the general public are normally permitted.” In addition, the regulation prohibited smoking within twenty feet of any entrance or open window of these public areas and in all vehicles of public transportation.
Drug Labeling: FDA Requires New Label for Antibiotics to Prevent Overuse
Authors: Tiwary Devesh 
Published: January 2007

In February, the Food and Drug Administration announced a rule imposing new manufacturer labeling requirements for antibiotics. The aim of the new standards is to educate physicians and patients about the dangers of improper antibiotic use. Overprescription of antibiotics, as well as patient failure to comply with treatment regimens, has led to the development of drug-resistant bacteria. “Antibacterial resistance is a serious and growing public health problem in the United States and worldwide,” FDA Commissioner Mark McClellan said in a press release accompanying the rule. “Without effective antibiotic drugs, common infections, that were once easily treated, can create a serious health threat to children and adults alike.”The FDA regulates foods, drugs, and cosmetics introduced into interstate commerce for safety and effectiveness. Currently, the agency requires drug labels to provide “adequate directions for use,” including indications, quantity of dose, frequency, duration, route, and preparation.
Conflict and Compromise over Tradeoffs in Universal Health Insurance Plans
Authors: Pauly Mark V. 
Published: January 2007

Despite a consensus across the political spectrum that the problem of the chronically uninsured is in dire need of solution, little progress has heen made. Public spending goes to topping up coverage for the elderly, already heavily subsidized under Medicare, or helping people temporarily without insurance because of international trade dislocations, so that it is clear that something is lacking in the case for significantly reducing the number of uninsured persons. In this paper I suggest that there have been two missing ingredients: a strategy for breaking the political deadlock around this issue, and information about the benefits of coverage sufficient to persuade kindly but skeptical taxpayers that they should be willing to pay to help solve this problem.This article begins with a discussion of these two problems. It then outlines a strategy based on income-related or conditioned refundable tax credits for private and public insurance, coupled with a plan to assemble persuasive information that may move things forward.
Health of the People: The Highest Law?
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. 
Published: January 2007

From my perspective, as a White House official watching the budgetary process, and subsequently as head first of a health care financing agency and then of a public health agency, I was continually amazed to watch as billions of dollars were allocated to financing medical care with little discussion, whereas endless arguments ensued over a few millions for community prevention programs. The sums that were the basis for prolonged, and often futile, budget fights in public health were treated as rounding errors in the Medicare budget.William Roper (1994)
Making Risk-Benefit Assessments of Medical Research Protocols
Authors: Rajczi Alex 
Published: January 2007

Most medical experiments are reviewed by groups known as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs); according to every standard account of medical research ethics, an IRB should not approve an experiment unless it has an acceptable combination of risks and benefits. This requirement is often stated in different terms. Some codes say that an experiments benefits to individuals and society must outweigh its risks. Others say that the experiment must have a favorable risk-benefit ratio. The Code of Federal Regulations says that risks must be reasonable in relation to the expected benefits.However, even though everyone agrees that an experiment must have an acceptable combination of risks and benefits, almost nothing has been said about what it would mean to weigh risks against benefits, compute risk-benefit ratios, or figure out if an experiments risks are reasonable.
Imwinkelried's Argument for Normative Ethical Testimony
Authors: Barnes David W. 
Published: January 2007

Professor Imwinkelried has boldly attempted to justify the admissibility of normative ethical expertise in the face of a legal evidentiary rule requiring a scientific basis for expert testimony. Because ethical testimony is inherently unscientific, Professor Imwinkelried prudently focuses his analysis on circumstances where evidentiary requirements are less strict; those involving the legislative rather than adjudicative function of courts and those in which substantive law overrides normally rigorous evidentiary requirements. While both proposals may have merit and are thoughtful and creative, Professor Imwinkelried ultimately fails to provide sufficient doctrinal support or persuasive rationale for his arguments.Professor Imwinkelrieds argument for the admissibility of “expert” normative ethical testimony has two parts. The major proposition is that, when courts are engaged in legislative functions, they should be permitted to consider all sources of information. The assumption that apparently underlies this proposition is that nothing limits courts’ exercise of legislative powers.
Dying in America — An Examination of Policies that Deter Adequate End-of-life Care in Nursing Homes
Authors: Hoffmann Diane E. , Tarzian Anita J. 
Published: January 2007

The quality of end-of-life care in this country is often poor. There is abundant literature indicating that dying individuals do not receive adequate pain medication or palliative care, are tethered to machines and tubes in a way that challenges their dignity and autonomy, and are not helped to deal with the emotional grief and psychological angst that may accompany the dying process. While this is true for individuals in many settings, it seems to be especially true for individuals in nursing homes. This is somewhat puzzling given that (1) considerable resources have been devoted to bringing public attention to this problem, (2) we have the knowledge and expertise to provide such care, and (3) we have a government-financed benefit that covers this type of care - the Medicare hospice benefit (MHB).While utilization of hospice care has increased during the last decade, there is considerable evidence that hospice care remains underutilized particularly in the long term care setting.
Forensic Science
Authors: Giannelli Paul C. 
Published: January 2007

The United States Supreme Court has long recognized the value of scientific evidence - especially when compared to other types of evidence such as eyewitness identifications, confessions, and informant testimony. For example, inEscobedo v. Illinois,the Court observed: “We have learned the lesson of history, ancient and modern, that a system of criminal law enforcement which comes to depend on the ‘confession’ will, in the long run, be less reliable and more subject to abuses than a system which depends on extrinsic evidence independently secured through skillful investigation.” Similarly, inDavis v. Mississippi,the Court commented:Detention for fingerprinting may constitute a much less serious intrusion upon personal security than other types of police searches and detentions. Fingerprinting involves none of the probing into an individual's private life and thoughts that marks an interrogation or search. Nor can fingerprint detention be employed repeatedly to harass any individual, since the police need only one set of each person's prints. Furthermore, fingerprinting is an inherently more reliable and effective crime-solving tool than eyewitness identifications or confessions and is not subject to such abuses as the improper line-up and the “third degree.”
A Normative Justification for Distinguishing the Ethics of Clinical Research from the Ethics of Medical Care
Authors: Litton Paul , Miller Franklin G. 
Published: January 2007

In the research ethics literature, there is strong disagreement about the ethical acceptability of placebo-controlled trials, particularly when a tested therapy aims to alleviate a condition for which standard treatment exists. Recently, this disagreement has given rise to debate over the moral appropriateness of the principle of clinical equipoise for medical research. Underlying these debates are two fundamentally different visions of the moral obligations that investigators owe their subjects.Some commentators and ethics documents claim that physicians, whether acting as care givers or researchers, have the same duty of beneficence towards their patients and subjects: namely, that they must provide optimal medical care. In discussing placebo surgery in research on refractory Parkinson's disease, Peter Clark succinctly states this view: “The researcher has an ethical responsibility to act in the best interest of subjects.”
Comparison of the Conformational Stability for Several Vinylhalomethanes and Silanes with Experiment Using MP2 Perturbation Theory and DFT
Authors: Förner Wolfgang , Badawi Hassan M. 
Published: January 2007

In recent literature it was reported that the valence triple zeta basis set augmented by polarization functions is not too reliable for vinyl monohalo- and dihalomethanes and -silanes, the halogen being fluorine and chlorine. The major conclusion was that a valence triple zeta basis is too small to be augmented by polarization functions in a balanced way, at least on vinylmonofluoromethane. Thus we decided to apply the 6-311++G** basis set to the complete series of methanes, silanes and germanes (the latter ones are just added for completeness because no experimental data are available for them and, moreover, we published them already previously) and to compare the results to experimental data available in the literature to see whether the failures of this basis set show up in the complete series of molecules. In the literature we found five such molecules and the information which of the conformers is the most stable. Indeed we found that predictions on the relative stability of conformers in those systems with this basis set and MP2 as well as DFT are with a 60:40 chance, three being correct predictions and two being incorrect ones out of the five. However, since the energy differences are rather small in these systems and due to the fact that - as a consequence of twofold degeneracy of the gauche conformer on the potential curve of the torsional vibration - the abundances of the conformers in equilibrium do not change too much, we decided to calculate also vibrational spectra for three examples and to compare them also to experiment. It is reported that besides the failures in total energy (we have chosen two examples where predictions of the nature of the stable conformer are correct, and one where it is not), the vibrational spectra are rather well reproduced, especially when experimental energies are used to calculate abundances in equilibrium in the case where the prediction of the stable conformer failed.