bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised immunophenotypic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Habib Luzette K. , Finn William G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundProteomics and functional genomics have revolutionized approaches to disease classification. Like proteomics, flow cytometry (FCM) assesses concurrent expression of many proteins, with the advantage of using intact cells that may be differentially selected during analysis. However, FCM has generally been used for incremental marker validation or construction of predictive models based on known patterns, rather than as a tool for unsupervised class discovery. We undertook a retrospective analysis of clinical FCM data to assess the feasibility of a cell‐based proteomic approach to FCM by unsupervised cluster analysis.MethodsMulticolor FCM data on peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) lymphocytes from 140 consecutive patients with B‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), including 81 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLLs), were studied. Expression was normalized for CD19 totals, and recorded for 10 additional B‐cell markers. Data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis using complete linkage by Pearson's correlation. Analysis of CLL in PB samples (n = 63) discovered three major clusters. One cluster (14 patients) was skewed toward “atypical” CLL and was characterized by high CD20, CD22, FMC7, and light chain, and low CD23. The remaining two clusters consisted almost entirely (48/49) of cases recorded as typical BCLL. The smaller “typical” BCLL cluster differed from the larger cluster by high CD38 (P = 0.001), low CD20 (P = 0.001), and low CD23 (P = 0.016). These two typical BCLL clusters showed a trend toward a difference in survival (P = 0.1090). Statistically significant cluster stability was demonstrated by expanding the dataset to include BM samples, and by using a method of random sampling with replacement.ConclusionsThis study supports the concept that unsupervised immunophenotypic profiling of FCM data can yield reproducible subtypes of lymphoma/chronic leukemia. Expanded studies are warranted in the use of FCM as an unsupervised class discovery tool, akin to other proteomic methods, rather than as a validation tool. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The differentiation and morphogenesis of craniofacial muscles
Authors: Noden Drew M. , Francis‐West Philippa 
Published: February 2006

AbstractUnraveling the complex tissue interactions necessary to generate the structural and functional diversity present among craniofacial muscles is challenging. These muscles initiate their development within a mesenchymal population bounded by the brain, pharyngeal endoderm, surface ectoderm, and neural crest cells. This set of spatial relations, and in particular the segmental properties of these adjacent tissues, are unique to the head. Additionally, the lack of early epithelialization in head mesoderm necessitates strategies for generating discrete myogenic foci that may differ from those operating in the trunk. Molecular data indeed indicate dissimilar methods of regulation, yet transplantation studies suggest that some head and trunk myogenic populations are interchangeable. The first goal of this review is to present key features of these diversities, identifying and comparing tissue and molecular interactions regulating myogenesis in the head and trunk. Our second focus is on the diverse morphogenetic movements exhibited by craniofacial muscles. Precursors of tongue muscles partly mimic migrations of appendicular myoblasts, whereas myoblasts destined to form extraocular muscles condense within paraxial mesoderm, then as large cohorts they cross the mesoderm:neural crest interface en route to periocular regions. Branchial muscle precursors exhibit yet another strategy, establishing contacts with neural crest populations before branchial arch formation and maintaining these relations through subsequent stages of morphogenesis. With many of the prerequisite stepping‐stones in our knowledge of craniofacial myogenesis now in place, discovering the cellular and molecular interactions necessary to initiate and sustain the differentiation and morphogenesis of these neglected craniofacial muscles is now an attainable goal. Developmental Dynamics 235:1194–1218, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontal nasal prominence expression driven by Tcfap2a relies on a conserved binding site for STAT proteins
Authors: Donner Amy L. , Williams Trevor 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe AP‐2 transcription factor family is linked with development of the head and limbs in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Recent evidence has also implicated this gene family in the evolution of the neural crest in chordates, a critical step that allowed the development and elaboration of the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton. In mice, the inappropriate embryonic expression of one particular AP‐2 gene, Tcfap2a, encoding AP‐2α, results in multiple developmental abnormalities, including craniofacial and limb defects. Thus, Tcfap2a provides a valuable genetic resource to analyze the regulatory hierarchy responsible for the evolution and development of the face and limbs. Previous studies have identified a 2‐kilobase intronic region of both the mouse and human AP‐2α locus that directs expression of a linked LacZ transgene to the facial processes and the distal mesenchyme of the limb bud in transgenic mice. Further analysis identified two highly conserved regions of ∼200–400 bp within this tissue‐specific enhancer. We have now initiated a transgenic and biochemical analysis of the most important of these highly conserved regions. Our analysis indicates that although the sequences regulating face and limb expression have been integrated into a single enhancer, different cis‐acting sequences ultimately control these two expression domains. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that a conserved STAT binding site provides a major contribution to the expression of Tcfap2a in the facial prominences. Developmental Dynamics 235:1358–1370, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two–three‐year stability and interrelations of bulimotypic indicators and depressive and anxious symptoms in middle‐aged women
Authors: Procopio Cicely A. , Holm‐Denoma Jill M. , Gordon Kathryn H. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:There is a paucity of research examining eating disorder symptoms among middle‐aged women.Method:This prospective study assessed the stability of bulimic symptoms and 5 associated variables (perfectionism, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, anxiety symptoms, and perceived weight status) in a sample of 150 middle‐aged women (mean age = 45.19 years) over a 2.5‐year time period. In addition, interrelations among bulimic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed.Results:Results suggested that all 6 bulimia‐related variables remained significantly stable over 2.5 years. In addition, notable relations between Time 1 and Time 2 variables emerged (e.g., anxious symptoms at Time 1 predicted bulimic symptoms at Time 2).Conclusion:Thus, the results indicate that bulimic symptoms exist in middle‐aged women, and that they remain relatively stable over a 2.5‐year time period. Clinical implications for middle‐aged women with eating disorder symptoms are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Blindness and bulimia nervosa: A description of a case report and its treatment
Authors: Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Crespo Jose M. , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Krug Isabel , Vallejo‐Ruiloba Julio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveBlindness has rarely been described in the eating disorder (ED) literature. In case reports in which this condition has been reported before an ED, it was concluded that visual body image was not essential for the development of the ED. This is the first report in which bulimia nervosa (BN) and its treatment in a blind woman were described.MethodWe report a single diagnosed and treated case of BN in a blind, 47‐year‐old Spanish woman. This case presented as its main characteristics the late onset of the ED, restrictive dieting, binging, and consequent purging behavior characterized by vomiting and great difficulties of coping with stress. From the beginning, the woman's body image was not essential. The treatment consisted of 21 individual outpatient sessions, which followed a non–symptom‐oriented cognitive‐behavioral approach, in which problem solving and stress management strategies were employed.ResultsBefore, after the treatment, and at the 6‐month and 1‐year follow‐up, the clinical evolution of the patient was assessed.ConclusionAlthough a few descriptions of single case reports on blindness in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have already been reported in the literature, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case in which this condition and its treatment have specifically been reported in an individual with BN. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Fe(Cu)‐Containing Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Applications as Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Han Huayun , Zhang Sujuan , Hou Hongwei , Fan Yaoting , Zhu Yu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this paper three coordination polymers, {[Fe(fcz)2Cl2]·2CH3OH}n (1), {[Cu(fcz)2(H2O)]·SO4·DMF·2CH3OH·2H2O}n (2), and {[Cu(fcz)2Cl2]·2CH3OH}n (3) {fcz = 1‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐1,1‐bis[(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐l‐yl)methyl]ethanol}, were synthesized. Crystallographic analysis reveals that polymer 1 exhibits a 2‐D rhombohedral grid structure with (4, 4) nets, while polymer 2 has a 1‐D double‐chain framework. The structure of polymer 3 is similar to that of 1. We found that polymers 1–3 could effectively catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with H2O2 (30 mass‐%) as oxidant in aqueous medium. Various reaction conditions were studied, and optimal reaction conditions were obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the selectivity to benzaldehyde was almost up to 100 % and the conversion of benzyl alcohol was 87 % for 1, 79 % for 2, and 68 % for 3. The results of the recycling test showed that the catalytic activity decreased by only about 7 % after three consecutive reaction cycles. However, under similar conditions, when we used the corresponding metal salt instead of the polymer as catalyst, or replaced the water with acetonitrile as solvent, neither the selectivity nor the conversion was the same. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Novel 3D CuI Metal–Organic Framework with Middle‐Size Channels Despite the Sixfold ThSi2 Interpenetrating Topological Structure
Authors: Xie Cheng‐Zhi , Zhang Ze‐Feng , Zhang Bao‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Qing , Wang Ru‐Ji , Shen Guang‐Qiu , Shen De‐Zhong , Ding Bin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new univalent copper coordination polymer with an unusual asymmetric ThSi2 topological structural network was synthesized and 1D middle‐size channels were found despite the sixfold ThSi2 interpenetrating topological structure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Syntheses, Structures, and Characterization of Two Manganese(II)‐Aminobenzoic Complexes
Authors: Wang Ruihu , Yuan Daqiang , Jiang Feilong , Han Lei , Gao Song , Hong Maochun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA discrete tetranuclear manganese(II) complex, {(H3O)2Mn4(4‐Haba)2(4‐aba)6(SCN)4(H2O)2]} (1) and a two‐dimensional coordination polymer [Mn(3‐aba)2]n (2) (4‐Haba = 4‐aminobenzoic acid, 3‐Haba = 3‐aminobenzoic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, X‐ray crystallography, and magnetic susceptibility. In complex 1, 4‐aba in three types of coordination modes connects MnII centers to form a discrete tetranuclear anionic molecule. Hydrogen bonding interaction links the tetranuclear units to generate a one‐dimensional supramolecular chain. In complex 2, 3‐aba in an exo‐tridentate mode bridges six‐coordinate MnII centers forming a two‐dimensional coordination architecture. Studies of the magnetic susceptibilities of 1 and 2 reveal weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between adjacent MnII centers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Reduction of Diketones and Oxidation of Diols by Biocatalytic Hydrogen Transfer
Authors: Edegger Klaus , Stampfer Wolfgang , Seisser Birgit , Faber Kurt , Mayer Sandra F. , Oehrlein Reinhold , Hafner Andreas , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe asymmetric reduction of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical diketones as well as the stereoselective oxidation of various diols by biocatalytic hydrogen transfer was investigated by employing lyophilized cells of Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 containing alcohol dehydrogense ADH‐‘A’. Symmetrical and nonsymmetrical diketones at the (ω‐1)‐ and (ω‐2)‐positions are reduced to the Prelog product with high stereopreference, while sterically more demanding ketone moieties, for example those at the (ω‐3)‐position, remain unchanged. For the oxidation mode, differentiation between primary and secondary alcohols is achieved, and the (S)‐configured secondary alcohols at the (ω‐1)‐ and (ω‐2)‐positions are oxidized preferentially. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The (S)‐Proline/Polyelectrolyte System: An Efficient, Heterogeneous, Reusable Catalyst for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Kucherenko Alexandr S. , Struchkova Marina I. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA direct asymmetric aldol reaction between unmodified aldehydes and ketones was achieved using the (S)‐proline/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) hexafluorophosphate heterogeneous catalytic system with enantioselectivities and yields comparable to those obtained in the (S)‐proline‐catalyzed reactions performed under homogeneous conditions. Recycling of the catalyst was possible at least six times without loss of activity and enantioselectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electroless Deposition of Thionin onto Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Single Wall and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Improvement of the Electrochemical Reversibility and Stability
Authors: Salimi Abdollah , Noorbakhsh Abdollah , Soltanian Saied 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA simple procedure was developed to prepare a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and thionin. Abrasive immobilization of CNTs on a GC electrode was achieved by gently rubbing the electrode surface on a filter paper supporting carbon nanotubes, then immersing the GC/CNTs‐modified electrode into a thionin solution (electroless deposition) for a short period of time (5–50 s for MWCNTs and 5–120 s for SWCNTs ). Cyclic voltammograms of the resulting modified electrode show stable and a well defined redox couple with surface confined characteristic at wide pH range 2–12. The electrochemical reversibility and stability of modified electrode prepared with incorporation of thionin into CNTs film was compared with usual methods for attachment of thionin to electrode surfaces such as electropolymerization and adsorption on the surface of preanodized electrodes. The formal potential of redox couple (E°′) shifts linearly toward the negative direction with increasing solution pH. The surface coverage of thionin immobilized on CNTs glassy carbon electrode was approximately 1.95×10−10 mol cm−2 and 3.2×10−10 mol cm−2 for MWCNTs and SWCNTs, respectively. The transfer coefficient (α) was calculated to be 0.3 and 0.35 and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (Ks) were 65 s−1 and 55 s−1 for MWCNTs/thionin and SWCNTs/thionin‐modified GC electrodes, respectively. The results clearly show a great facilitation of the electron transfer between thionin and CNTs adsorbed on the electrode surface. Excellent electrochemical reversibility of redox couple, high stability, technically simple and possibility of preparation at short period of time are of great advantages of this procedure for modification of electrodes.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitric Oxide on a SWCNT/RTIL Composite Gel Microelectrode
Authors: Li Chang Ming , Zang Jianfeng , Zhan Dongping , Chen Wei , Sun Chang Q. , Teo Ai. L. , Chua Yek. T. , Lee Vee. S. , Moochhala Shabbir. M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSingle walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) were used to make a gel microelectrode for studies of the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). The Faraday response of the gel microelectrode was contributed from two components: an outside‐surface microdisk and a thin‐layer cell formed by inner porous electrode materials, and enhanced by the thin‐layer effect. An EC mechanism, electrochemical NO oxidation followed by a chemical oxidation, was proposed. The gel microelectrode with a Nafion coating eliminated interferences from nitrite and some biomolecules, improved stability, and had a linear response range from 100 nM to 100 μM.
Sheath fault detection and classification based on wavelet analysis
Authors: Wang X. H. , Song Y. H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a wavelet based algorithm to detect and classify sheath insulation faults on underground transmission cables. This algorithm can detect a high impedance sheath to earth fault, classify it, and discriminate it from other phenomena, such as load change, harmonics and surges on the cores. For the development of the algorithm, a simplified fault model is introduced to simulate a sheath to earth fault on a power transmission cable. Before applying wavelet analysis, an ‘adaptive noise cancelling’ (ANC) technique is used to extract the fault signal. Simulation studies are reported on a 300 mm2 concentric copper PVC insulated bonding lead. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security cost allocation of transmission networks applied in a course of the electricity market
Authors: Kim Balho H. , Yoo Chong‐Il , Hur Don 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe developing competition in the electric utility industry is likely to see a substantial change in the way the industry operates. It is certainly agreed that the decades of regulatory transmission tariffs will give way in the near future to a new deregulated marketplace where the fast, accurate, and equitable means of allocating the transmission embedded costs to market participants will become more widely accessible and prevalent. In this overall perspective, this paper primarily sets out to investigate the assigning of transmission embedded costs to individual generators in two aspects: one part that reflects transmission network capacity‐use under normal state and the other part that proposes reliability benefits under failure state largely because the security leaves much room for consideration in the transparent cost allocation. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated using a simple 6‐bus test system, which offers both conceptual accuracy and computational efficiency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CFD‐based multi‐objective optimization method for ship design
Authors: Tahara Yusuke , Tohyama Satoshi , Katsui Tokihiro 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper concerns development and demonstration of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based multi‐objective optimization method for ship design. Three main components of the method, i.e. computer‐aided design (CAD), CFD, and optimizer modules are functionally independent and replaceable. The CAD used in the present study is NAPA system, which is one of the leading CAD systems in ship design. The CFD method is FLOWPACK version 2004d, a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RaNS) solver developed by the present authors. The CFD method is implemented into a self‐propulsion simulator, where the RaNS solver is coupled with a propeller‐performance program. In addition, a maneuvering simulation model is developed and applied to predict ship maneuverability performance. Two nonlinear optimization algorithms are used in the present study, i.e. the successive quadratic programming and the multi‐objective genetic algorithm, while the former is mainly used to verify the results from the latter. For demonstration of the present method, a multi‐objective optimization problem is formulated where ship propulsion and maneuverability performances are considered. That is, the aim is to simultaneously minimize opposite hydrodynamic performances in design tradeoff. In the following, an overview of the present method is given, and results are presented and discussed for tanker stern optimization problem including detailed verification work on the present numerical schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor production limits autoimmune demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss
Authors: Butzkueven Helmut , Emery Ben , Cipriani Tania , Marriott Mark P. , Kilpatrick Trevor J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAutoimmune injury to oligodendrocytes evokes an endogenous response in the central nervous system, which initially limits the acute injury to oligodendrocytes and myelin, and subsequently promotes remyelination. The key molecular and cellular events responsible for this beneficial outcome are incompletely understood. In this article, we utilize murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to focus on the effect of endogenously produced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) upon mature oligodendrocyte survival after demyelinating injury. We show that the mRNA for LIF is markedly upregulated in the spinal cord in the context of acute inflammatory demyelination. After clinical disease onset, administration of neutralizing anti‐LIF antibodies over a four day period significantly worsens disease severity in two different murine EAE models. We also show that administration of neutralizing antibodies results in reduced activation of the cognate LIF receptor components in the spinal cord. Histologically, anti‐LIF antibody administration increases the extent of acute demyelination (P < 0.01) and doubles the oligodendrocyte loss already induced by EAE (P < 0.05), without altering the extent of inflammatory infiltration into the spinal cord. Although acute EAE induces a rapid, three‐fold increase in the proliferation of NG2 positive oligodendrocyte progenitors (P < 0.001), this response is not diminished by antagonism of endogenous LIF. We conclude that endogenous LIF is induced in response to autoimmune demyelination in the spinal cord and protects mature oligodendrocytes from demyelinating injury and cell death, thereby resulting in attenuation of clinical disease severity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.