bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory mechanism of the Glabrene against non‐small cell lung cancer by suppressing FGFR3
Authors: He Miao , Wu Huiling , Hu Lingjing , Liu Nan , Zhang Guoduo , Wang Shumei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly malignant tumor with limited effective treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Glabrene on NSCLC through its interaction with FGFR3.MethodsHCC827 cells were implanted into nude mice and treated with Glabrene. Tumor volume was monitored at 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after medical treatment. Tissue analysis included Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, as well as immunohistochemistry for Ki67, ERK1/2, and p‐ERK1/2 expression. Cell viability was determined with the CCK8 method. We utilized immunofluorescence techniques to observe apoptosis, as well as the levels of E‐cadherin and Vimentin expression. Cellular proliferation was determined via plate cloning assay and cellular mobility was determined via scratch assay. Cellular invasion ability was assessed via a transwell assay. mRNA and protein levels of FGFR3, MMP1, MMP9, vimentin, E‐cadherin, ERK1/2, and p‐ERK1/2 were detected via qPCR and Western blot. IGF‐1, VEGF, and Estradiol (E2) levels were measured through Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThis study verified that Glabrene was capable of suppressing tumor growth in NSCLC mice, reversing tumor tissue's pathological morphology, attenuating the capacities of cancerous cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion, and leading to apoptosis. Besides, Glabrene could reduce the FGFR3 expression in HCC827 cells. Over‐expression of FGFR3 promotes the proliferation of HCC827 cells, increase both contents of IGF‐1, VEGF, and E2, and expressions of MMP1, MMP9, vimentin, and p‐ERK1/2, while Glabrene inhibited FGFR3. Glabrene, and inhibition of FGFR3 expression were capable of decreasing FGFR3, MMP1, MMP9, vimentin, and p‐ERK1/2 expression, as well as contents of IGF‐1, VEGF, and E2 in model mice and HCC827 cells, and promoting the expression of E‐cadherin.ConclusionGlabrene has the potential as a therapeutic agent for NSCLC by reducing cancer invasion and migration through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Anchoring device to prevent membrane detachment and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes after fetal intervention
Authors: Bergh E. P. , Mann L. K. , Won J. H. , Nobles A. , Johnson A. , Papanna R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of using a novel device designed for minimally invasive suturing to anchor fetal membranes to the uterine wall and to close surgical defects after fetoscopy.MethodsWe tested the WestStitch™ suturing device both ex vivo and in vivo. In the ex‐vivo studies, 12‐Fr trocar defects were created with a fetoscope in five specimens of human uterine tissue with fetal membranes attached. Specimens were examined for integrity of the anchoring stitch. For the in‐vivo studies, trocar defects were created in the two uterine horns of three pregnant ewes, each carrying twins at approximately 79–90 days' gestation. One trocar defect in each ewe was repaired using the suture device, and the other was left unrepaired as a control. The repair sites were examined for membrane‐anchoring integrity when the defect was created and at delivery.ResultsFetal membranes were anchored successfully to the uterine myometrium using the suture‐delivery device in all five experiments performed ex vivo. The in‐vivo experiments also revealed successful membrane anchoring compared with controls, both at the time of device deployment and 1–9 weeks after the procedure.ConclusionsWe successfully anchored amniotic membranes to the underlying myometrium using a suturing device, both ex vivo and in vivo. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the device and to determine whether it can successfully anchor fetal membranes percutaneously in human patients. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The role of stereochemistry in combustion processes
Authors: Elliott Sarah N. , Moore Kevin B. , Mulvihill Clayton R. , Copan Andreas V. , Pratali Maffei Luna , Klippenstein Stephen J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStereochemical effects significantly influence chemical processes, yet it is not well understood if they are a leading source of uncertainty in combustion modeling. Stereochemistry influences a combustion model (i) at the earliest stage of its construction when mapping the reaction network, (ii) in the computation of individual thermochemical and rate parameters, and (iii) in the prediction of combustion observables. The present work reviews the importance of enumerating stereochemical species and reactions at each of these steps. Further, it analyzes the separate influence of several types of stereochemistry, including geometric, optical, and fleeting transition state diastereomers. Three reaction networks serve to examine which stages of low‐temperature oxidation are most affected by stereochemistry, including the first and second oxidation of n‐butane, the third oxidation of n‐pentane, and the early stages of pyrolysis of 1‐ and 2‐pentene. The 149 reactions in the n‐butane mechanism are expanded to 183 reactions when accounting for diastereomerism. Each of these 183 reactions is parameterized with ab initio kinetics computations to determine that, for the n‐butane mechanism, the median factor of diastereomeric deviation is 3.5 at 360 K for rate constants and as high as 1.6 for mechanism reactivity, in terms of ignition delay times, as opposed to a mechanism without stereochemical expansion.This article is categorized under:
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Thermochemistry
Software > Simulation Methods
A Change of Heart: Animality, Power, and Black Posthuman Enhancement in Malorie Blackman’s Pig-Heart Boy
Authors: Trott Emma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs cardiac xenotransplantation moves from labs into hospitals, this chapter asks what Malorie Blackman’s young adult novel Pig-Heart Boy reveals about power, race, and identity in relation to the experimental therapy. Common heart metaphors are analyzed to ask how the xenograft shapes the teenage protagonist’s developing selfhood, challenges species boundaries, and conceptualizes a move to the posthuman. While a greater appreciation of biological correspondences between creatures has the potential to challenge anthropocentrism, this can be disrupted by power imbalance, producing not empathy but the development of bioresources. Pig-Heart Boy’s protagonist is a Black British boy who understands that power is inherent to ethical debates about xenotransplantation, and he draws parallels between racism and speciesism. While the novel’s opportunities to fully critique shared power structures are not taken, this chapter suggests that this Black child’s agency in choosing to be the first to receive cutting-edge treatment reimagines histories of abusive experiments on Black bodies and positively speculates on a society without structural health inequities. Acknowledging the complexities in Black posthumanism, this chapter argues that Pig-Heart Boy shows the potential for Black enhancement within posthumanist futures.
Transformative Emergence: Research Challenges for Enabling Social-ecological Tipping Points Toward Regional Sustainability Transformations
Authors: Tàbara J. David , Mangalagiu Diana , Frantal Bohumil , Mey Franziska , Maier Raphaela , Lilliestam Johan , Sarrica Mauro , Mandel Antoine , Lieu Jenny , Cottone Paolo , Veland Siri , Martínez-Reyes Amanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA crucial task to accelerate global decarbonisation is to understand how to enable fast, equitable, low-carbon transformations in Coal and Carbon Intensive Regions (CCIRs). In this early literature review we underlined the relevance of the boundary concept of social-ecological tipping points (SETPs) and showed that the research and policy usage of SETPs applied to accelerate structural regional sustainability transformations faces three key challenges: (I) integrating theoretical and empirical contributions from diverse social and ecological sciences, together with complexity theory (II) designing open transdisciplinary assessment processes able to represent multiple qualities of systemic change and enable regionally situated transformative capacities, and (III) moving away from one-directional metaphors of social change, or static or homogeneous conceptions of individual agency and single equilibrium in energy transitions; and instead, focus on understanding the conditions and capacities for the emergence of systemic transformations and regenerative processes across multiple levels and forms of agency. We refer to these complex and place-situated processes as learning to enable regional transformative emergence.
Artificial-intelligence-enabled dynamic demand response system for maximizing the use of renewable electricity in production processes
Authors: Wicaksono Hendro , Trat Martin , Bashyal Atit , Boroukhian Tina , Felder Mine , Ahrens Mischa , Bender Janek , Groß Sebastian , Steiner Daniel , July Christoph , Dorus Christoph , Zoerner Thorsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transition towards renewable electricity provides opportunities for manufacturing companies to save electricity costs through participating in demand response programs. End-to-end implementation of demand response systems focusing on manufacturing power consumers is still challenging due to multiple stakeholders and subsystems that generate a heterogeneous and large amount of data. This work develops an approach utilizing artificial intelligence for a demand response system that optimizes industrial consumers’ and prosumers’ production-related electricity costs according to time-variable electricity tariffs. It also proposes a semantic middleware architecture that utilizes an ontology as the semantic integration model for handling heterogeneous data models between the system’s modules. This paper reports on developing and evaluating multiple machine learning models for power generation forecasting and load prediction, and also mixed-integer linear programming as well as reinforcement learning for production optimization considering dynamic electricity pricing represented as Green Electricity Index (GEI). The experiments show that the hybrid auto-regressive long-short-term-memory model performs best for solar and convolutional neural networks for wind power generation forecasting. Random forest, k-nearest neighbors, ridge, and gradient-boosting regression models perform best in load prediction in the considered use cases. Furthermore, this research found that the reinforcement-learning-based approach can provide generic and scalable solutions for complex and dynamic production environments. Additionally, this paper presents the validation of the developed system in the German industrial environment, involving a utility company and two small to medium-sized manufacturing companies. It shows that the developed system benefits the manufacturing company that implements fine-grained process scheduling most due to its flexible rescheduling capacities.
Confinement tonicity on epidemic spreading
Authors: Almocera Alexis Erich S. , González Alejandro H. , Hernandez-Vargas Esteban A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmerging and re-emerging pathogens are latent threats in our society with the risk of killing millions of people worldwide, without forgetting the severe economic and educational backlogs. From COVID-19, we learned that self isolation and quarantine restrictions (confinement) were the main way of protection till availability of vaccines. However, abrupt lifting of social confinement would result in new waves of new infection cases and high death tolls. Here, inspired by how an extracellular solution can make water move into or out of a cell through osmosis, we define confinement tonicity. This can serve as a standalone measurement for the net direction and magnitude of flows between the confined and deconfined susceptible compartments. Numerical results offer insights on the effects of easing quarantine restrictions.
Comparing major and mild cognitive impairment risks in older type-2 diabetic patients: a Danish register-based study on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vs. glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues
Authors: Battini Vera , Barbieri Maria Antonietta , Carnovale Carla , Spina Edoardo , Clementi Emilio , Sessa Maurizio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The prevalence of major and mild cognitive impairment (CI) in type-2 diabetes older patients is 15–25% and 30–60%, respectively, thus affecting quality of life and health outcomes. There is, therefore, the need of head-to-head studies aiming at identifying the optimal treatment for individuals with type-2 diabetes at increased risk of mild and major CI. This study focuses on the risk of developing mild and major CI in Danish patients treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1a) using administrative and healthcare registers.

Methods
An active comparator design with a 3-year follow-up period was used. The main outcome was the hospital admission with a diagnosis of mild CI or major CI. Multivariate Cox Regression analysis was performed using the high-dimensional propensity score to obtain adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) estimates. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and marginal structured model were used to calculate risk differences while accounting for the variations of confounders throughout the follow-up period.

Results
Our results show a significant higher risk of major CI between DPP-4i and GLP-1a in unadjusted [HR (95% CI) = 3.13 (2.45–4.00), p < 0.001] and adjusted analyses [HR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.22–2.06), p = 0.001]. No statistically significant differences were observed for mild CI. IPTW resulted stable throughout the follow-up period. Marginal structure modeling (β (95% CI) = 0.022 (0.020–0.024), p < 0.001) resulted in a higher risk of major CI for DPP-4i when compared to GLP-1a.

Discussion
DPP-4i was associated with an increased risk of developing major CI when compared to GLP-1a among older individuals with type-2 diabetes.
An overload of missense variants in the OTOG gene may drive a higher prevalence of familial Meniere disease in the European population
Authors: Parra-Perez Alberto M. , Gallego-Martinez Alvaro , Lopez-Escamez Jose A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeniere disease is a complex inner ear disorder with significant familial aggregation. A differential prevalence of familial MD (FMD) has been reported, being 9–10% in Europeans compared to 6% in East Asians. A broad genetic heterogeneity in FMD has been described, OTOG being the most common mutated gene, with a compound heterozygous recessive inheritance. We hypothesize that an OTOG-related founder effect may explain the higher prevalence of FMD in the European population. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the allele frequency (AF) and distribution of OTOG rare variants across different populations. For this purpose, the coding regions with high constraint (low density of rare variants) were retrieved in the OTOG coding sequence in Non-Finnish European (NFE).. Missense variants (AF < 0.01) were selected from a 100 FMD patient cohort, and their population AF was annotated using gnomAD v2.1. A linkage analysis was performed, and odds ratios were calculated to compare AF between NFE and other populations. Thirteen rare missense variants were observed in 13 FMD patients, with 2 variants (rs61978648 and rs61736002) shared by 5 individuals and another variant (rs117315845) shared by two individuals. The results confirm the observed enrichment of OTOG rare missense variants in FMD. Furthermore, eight variants were enriched in the NFE population, and six of them were in constrained regions. Structural modeling predicts five missense variants that could alter the otogelin stability. We conclude that several variants reported in FMD are in constraint regions, and they may have a founder effect and explain the burden of FMD in the European population.
A decade of neonatal sepsis in Stockholm, Sweden: Gram-positive pathogens were four times as common as Gram-negatives
Authors: Oldendorff Frida , Nordberg Viveka , Giske Christian G , Navér Lars 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess Gram-positive bacterial (GPB) bloodstream infection (BSI) in neonates, covering incidence, morbidity, mortality, antimicrobial resistance patterns and biomarkers in Region Stockholm, Sweden between 2006 and 2016.

Methods
A population-based retrospective epidemiological study including infants with GPB-BSI, admitted to the neonatal units at Karolinska University Hospital (KUH). Data were collected from patient records, the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register, the microbiological laboratory at KUH and the Swedish Public Health Agency.

Results
We identified 357 infants with GPB-BSI, representing an incidence of 1.47/1000 live births (LB). Group B streptococcus (GBS) was the most common pathogen causing BSI in full-term infants and early-onset sepsis (EOS) (0.20/1000 LB), while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were predominant in infants born very preterm and in late-onset sepsis (LOS) (0.79/1000 LB). There were no fatal GBS BSI cases, but 10.2% developed meningitis. The GPB case fatality rate was 9.5% and the sepsis fatality rate 2.8%. In GPB-BSI, 1/10 did not have an elevated C-reactive protein level. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) BSI increased during the study period, but no methicillin or vancomycin resistant strains were found. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rate was highest in CoNS isolates.

Conclusion
GPB-BSI was four times more common than Gram-negative BSI in neonates but resulted in lower mortality rate. GBS was the most common pathogen in full-term infants and in EOS. CoNS was the most common pathogen in LOS and infants born very preterm, and the AMR rate was high in these isolates. The increasing trend of S. aureus BSI indicates a need of further investigation.
Diurnal temperature fluctuations improve predictions of developmental rates in the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus
Authors: Hofmann Sven , Schebeck Martin , Kautz Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is a widespread pest in Norway spruce-dominated forests in Eurasia. Predicting its phenology and voltinism is crucial to plan forest management measures and to mitigate mass outbreaks. Current phenology models are based on constant temperatures inferred from laboratory experiments; however, insect life cycles under natural conditions are rather driven by diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Therefore, phenology models based on fluctuating temperatures would reflect field conditions more realistically and might thus improve model predictions. In a laboratory experiment, we investigated the development of I. typographus, applying mean temperatures between 3 and 35 °C and diurnal temperature oscillations of up to ± 15 °C. Subsequently, we calibrated developmental rate models and applied them to climate data, in order to assess the effect of temperature fluctuations on voltinism under field conditions. Our results showed that diurnal temperature oscillations significantly affected developmental rates. Compared to constant temperatures, development was faster at temperature oscillations falling below the lower developmental threshold, and slower at temperature oscillations exceeding the developmental optimum. Furthermore, short exposures to suboptimal temperatures affected I. typographus less than expected from constant conditions. Natural temperature fluctuations thus accelerate development under cool, shaded conditions, whilst slowing it under hot, sun-exposed conditions, thereby ultimately affecting voltinism. Our findings highlight the importance to account for diurnal temperature fluctuations for more accurate predictions of developmental rates of I. typographus in natural thermal environments, and provide the fundament for improving current phenology models to support effective bark beetle management in a warming climate.
Plane Stress Problems for Isotropic Incompressible Hyperelastic Materials
Authors: Horgan C. O. , Murphy J. G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe analysis of plane stress problems has long been a topic of interest in linear elasticity. The corresponding problem for non-linearly elastic materials is considered here within the context of homogeneous incompressible isotropic elasticity. It is shown that when the problem is posed in terms of the Cauchy stress, a semi-inverse approach must be employed to obtain the displacement of a typical particle. If however the general plane stress problem is formulated in terms of the Piola-Kirchhoff stress, the deformation of a particle requires the solution of a non-linear partial differential equation for both simple tension and simple shear, the trivial solution of which yields a homogeneous deformation. It is also shown that the general plane stress problem can be solved for the special case of the neo-Hookean material.
Probabilistic Transport-Induced Emissions and Health Risks for Adelaide, South Australia
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Rahman Md. Mizanur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe research aims to assess the risks associated with the transport-induced emissions (major criteria pollutants) in Adelaide, South Australia. A stochastic emission modelling strategy was implemented for a probabilistic risk assessment of the transport system for current and future scenarios, by analysing the road specific transport system data. The simulated result suggests that NOx and PM2.5 risks are significant at about 35% of city areas, especially along the roads with heavy vehicle concentration and higher traffic. The risk will significantly increase in 10 years if the current practice persists, demonstrating a high probability (more than 60%) of emissions above 150% of the air quality standard. The research suggests that appropriate planning is necessary to cope with the development needs for the system’s future sustainability.
The Dynamic Influence of Personality on Psychological Contract Evaluations: a 2-Study Investigation of Approach/Avoidance Goals and Emotion Regulation Strategies
Authors: Griep Yannick , Hansen Samantha D. , Kraak Johannes M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Consistent with recent developments, we question the validity of trait neuroticism (N) and conscientiousness (C) as antecedents of psychological contract breach (PCB) and violation feelings. We investigate how key mediating (i.e., approach/avoidance goals) and moderating (i.e., emotion regulation strategies) mechanisms of the personality-PCB relationship operate over time. In Study 1 (550 observations), state N or C was associated positively with PCB and state N was associated positively with violation feelings. In study 2 (394 observations), state N was positively related to momentary avoidance goals, which in turn were related negatively to PCB and related positively to violation feelings. Moreover, suppression moderated the latter relationship; as suppression increased, the relationship between avoidance goals and violation feelings grew stronger. In contrast, state C was related positively to approach goals, which in turn were related positively to PCB and negatively to violation feelings. We discuss implications for theory and practice.