bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low density lipoprotein from patients with Type 2 diabetes increases expression of monocyte matrix metalloproteinase and ADAM metalloproteinase genes
Authors: Worley Joanna R , Hughes David A , Dozio Nicoletta , Gavrilovic Jelena , Sampson Mike J 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Aims
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by increased plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines [such as tumour necrosis factor – alpha; TNF-α] and soluble forms of adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte – endothelial interactions. These molecules are synthesised as transmembrane proteins and the plasma soluble forms are generated by ectodomain cleavage from the cell surface by members of the ADAM [a
d isintegrin a nd m etalloproteinase] proteinase family. We hypothesised that plasma low density lipoprotein [LDL] from subjects with Type 2 diabetes would influence in vitro monocytic ADAM and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] gene expression differently compared to control LDL.

Methods
We examined relative mRNA expression by real time PCR in a monocytic cell line [THP-1] cultured for 4, 8 and 24 hrs with human plasma LDL derived from subjects with [n = 5] or without [n = 4] Type 2 diabetes. Gene expression for MMP-1 and 9, and ADAM – 8, 15, 17 and 28 was studied.

Results
Type 2 diabetes LDL significantly increased gene expression of MMP – 1 [p < 0.01] MMP – 9 [p < 0.001], and ADAM 17 [p < 0.05], – 28 [p < 0.01] and – 15 [p < 0.01] compared to control LDL. Type 2 diabetes LDL had disparate effects on inhibitors of MMP.

Conclusion
These data suggest that Type 2 diabetes LDL could lead to increased adhesion molecule and TNF alpha cell surface shedding, and vascular plaque instability, by promoting increased expression of ADAM and MMP genes.
Association of the Growth Hormone Receptor d3-Variant and Catch-up Growth of Preterm Infants with Birth Weight of Less Than 1500 Grams
Authors: Schreiner Felix , Stutte Sonja , Bartmann Peter , Gohlke Bettina , Woelfle Joachim 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Background: Preterm infants with very low birth weight frequently exhibit impaired longitudinal growth during the first years of life. Recently, the d3-isoform (genomic deletion of exon 3) of the GH receptor (GHR) has been linked to an increased responsiveness to GH.
Objective: Our objective was to test whether the GHRd3 isoform is associated with postnatal catch-up growth in very low birth weight preterm infants.
Design and Patients: We compared the postnatal growth pattern of 77 otherwise healthy preterm infants (mean gestational age, 28.5 wk; range, 23–35 wk) with a birth weight below 1500 g (mean birth weight, 941 g) to their GHR exon 3 genotype, which was analyzed by multiplex PCR. On examination, mean age of the children was 6.0 yr (range, 4.2–8.0 yr).
Results: Children homozygous or heterozygous for the GHRd3 allele showed a significantly higher rate of postnatal catch-up, compared with those homozygous for the full-length allele.
Conclusions: Our results define the GHR exon 3 genotype as a predictor for the postnatal growth pattern of very low birth weight preterm infants. Those who carry at least one GHRd3 allele are more likely to catch-up.
Periodising neoliberalism?
Authors: Craig David , Cotterell Gerry 
Published: August 2007

English
The last decade has seen a number of attempts to periodise neoliberalism and the wider liberal project into different phases. While acknowledging the difficulties any periodisation approach entails, this article proposes a number of core factors against which periodisation might be considered. In its main body, it describes recent and current developments in factors including strategy; labour market policy; institutional reform; disciplinary inclusion and exclusion; and other geopolitical and social aspects of reaction, regendering and re-embedding. In concluding, the article evaluates both the prospects for periodisation as method, and the extent to which a significant, recent period shift in the neoliberal project has emerged.
‘Citizen governance’: opportunities for inclusivity in policy and policy making?
Authors: Simmons Richard , Birchall Johnston , Doheny Shane , Powell Martin 
Published: August 2007

English
The term ‘citizen governance’ (CG) is currently attracting attention in policy circles. Yet there is no universally agreed definition, and the term is used in different ways. This article identifies key tensions between citizen governors’ ‘representation’ and ‘steering’ roles, and presents a framework that attempts to make these tensions more explicit. Case study evidence suggests that the effectiveness of CG structures is contextual rather than universalistic, and that different sets of assumptions are often conflated in governance. We argue that if inclusivity in policy making is a genuine goal, these assumptions need to be made more explicit and accommodated in structures that work.
Sharing God’s love or meeting government goals? Local churches and public policy implementation
Authors: Cairns Ben , Harris Margaret , Hutchison Romayne 
Published: August 2007

English
Set within the context of the growing expectations on faith organisations in the UK to be involved in public policy implementation, this article considers the capacity of churches to contribute to implementation of the twin public policy themes of delivering public services and encouraging community engagement. Building on an empirical study, it suggests that churches can make an important contribution to the implementation of the twin policy agenda but that their theological underpinnings and organisational characteristics also raise questions about their suitability to play a major role in public policy implementation. The implications of the findings for the broader ‘faith communities’ policy agenda are discussed.
Borders at the edge of the enlarged European Union: barriers or bridges?
Authors: Lawrence Roger 
Published: August 2007

English
Borders and borderlands are traditionally seen as barriers. The enlargement of the European Union has changed the nature of borders with some internal borders becoming ‘softer’ and new external borders ‘harder’. This article is a study of the contextual background of transnational collaboration across such changing borders in South East Europe. It identifies trends such as transnational funding programmes and the role of minority ethnic groups, which may change the nature of borders from barriers to bridges.
Clients' experience of case formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis
Authors: Pain Christina Morberg. , Chadwick Paul. , Abba Nicola. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. Case formulation (CF) is considered essential to the practice of cognitive behaviour therapy, and crucial when working with more complex problems such as psychosis. Several claims are made for the beneficial impact of CF on clients, although little empirical research has been conducted.Design. The study used content analysis methodology to assess clients' experience of the CF process in cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis. In addition, therapists ranked seven documented benefits for them of CF.Method. Thirteen clients and their respective therapists were interviewed 2–3 weeks after shared written formulation.Results. Overall, clients' reactions to CF were cognitively, behaviourally, and emotionally complex, and subject to change over time. Therapists reported that they found the CF to be most useful in increasing their understanding of their clients.Conclusions. Formulation is a complex process for clients, and future research into CF faces methodological challenges.
Microarray Analysis of the Cellular Pathways Involved in the Adaptation to and Progression of Motor Neuron Injury in the SOD1 G93A Mouse Model of Familial ALS
Authors: Ferraiuolo Laura , Heath Paul R. , Holden Hazel , Kasher Paul , Kirby Janine , Shaw Pamela J. 
Published: August 2007

The cellular pathways of motor neuronal injury have been investigated in the SOD1 G93A murine model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using laser-capture microdissection and microarray analysis. The advantages of this study include the following: analysis of changes specifically in motor neurons (MNs), while still detecting effects of interactions with neighboring cells; the ability to profile changes during disease progression, an approach not possible in human ALS; and the use of transgenic mice bred on a homogeneous genetic background, eliminating the confounding effects arising from a mixed genetic background. By using this rigorous approach, novel changes in key cellular pathways have been detected at both the presymptomatic and late stages, which have been validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.At the presymptomatic stage (60 d), MNs extracted from SOD1 G93A mice show a significant increase in expression of genes subserving both transcriptional and translational functions, as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial preprotein translocation, and respiratory chain function, suggesting activation of a strong cellular adaptive response. Mice 90 d old still show upregulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, whereas transcription and mRNA processing genes begin to show downregulation. Late in the disease course (120 d), important findings include the following: marked transcriptional repression, with downregulation of multiple transcripts involved in transcriptional and metabolic functions; upregulation of complement system components; and increased expression of key cyclins involved in cell-cycle regulation. The changes described in the motor neuron transcriptome evolving during the disease course highlight potential novel targets for neuroprotective therapeutic intervention.
Reproducibility of Acoustic Rhinometry in the Investigation of Occupational Rhinitis
Authors: Castano Roberto , Thériault Gilles , Gautrin Denyse , Ghezzo Heberto , Trudeau Carole , Malo Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2007

Background To diagnose occupational rhinitis, it is mandatory to conduct an objective assessment of changes in nasal patency during specific inhalation challenge (SIC). The reproducibility of acoustic rhinometry measurements in the setting of occupational challenges has never been examined. This study assessed the reproducibility of acoustic rhinometry during SIC investigation of occupational rhinitis. Methods Twenty-four subjects underwent acoustic rhinometry measurements during SIC investigation of occupational rhinitis. Subjects attended 3–6 days of SIC within a week by means of a realistic or closed-circuit apparatus methodology Results All of the within-day intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for nasal volume (2–5 cm) and minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) based on a different number of measurements (2–7) were above 0.85; all of the coefficients of variation (CVs) for the same parameters were low (below 10%). The between-day CVs based on different numbers of SIC sessions ranged from 8.0 to 8.8% and from 6.8 to 8.8% for nasal volume and MCA, respectively. The between-day ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.88 and from 0.83 to 0.94 for nasal volume and MCA, respectively. Conclusion Acoustic rhinometry showed good within- and between-day reproducibility and can be recommended for the objective monitoring of nasal patency during SIC investigating occupational rhinitis.
Effects of the Cottle's Maneuver on the Nasal Valve as Assessed by Acoustic Rhinometry
Authors: Tikanto Jukka , Pirilä Tapio 
Published: August 2007

Backround The nasal valve is the narrowest segment of the nasal cavity and plays an essential role in breathing. There has been plenty of discussion in the literature concerning the location and function of the nasal valve. The Cottle's maneuver (CM) is a test in which the cheek on the side to be evaluated is gently pulled laterally with one to two fingers to open the valve. This test is used to determine if the most significant site of nasal obstruction is at the valve or farther inside the nasal cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the dimensional changes caused by the CM in the nose as measured by acoustic rhinometry (AR). Methods Eight adult volunteers with no nasal symptoms were recruited and their nasal cavities were measured by AR. The measurements were done with and without the CM both before and after decongestion with a mixture of 1:1000 epinephrine and 4% lidocaine in cotton pledgets. The MCA1 and MCA2 and their distances from the nostril, as well as the volume—measured from the zero point to the MCA2 point—were determined. Results The main effect of the CM was a mean increase in MCA1 by 33% (p = 0.001) and 44% (p < 0.001) before and after decongestion, respectively. The distance of MCA1 increased significantly, because of the CM, by 12% (p = 0.006) before and 7% (p = 0.008) after decongestion. The percentage increases in volume were 33% (p = 0.001) and 44% (p < 0.001), respectively. Decongestion of the nasal mucosa induced a statistically significant (p = 0.001) increase in both MCA1 (by 21%) and MCA2 (by 28%). Conclusion The CM significantly increased MCA1 in AR, and the increase was more evident after decongestion of the nasal mucosa. The changes in MCA2 were nonsignificant. We conclude that the value of the CM in investigating a possible valve insufficiency may be greater if the nose is studied both before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Topical Tobramycin in an Animal Model of Pseudomonas Sinusitis
Authors: Antunes Marcelo B. , Feldman Michael D. , Cohen Noam A. , Chiu Alexander G. 
Published: August 2007

Background Topical antimicrobials are commonly used to treat Pseudomonas sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Despite their popularity, there is limited data in the literature to support its use. This study is the first to examine the effects of topical tobramycin in an animal model of Pseudomonas sinusitis. Methods Pseudomonas aeruginosa sinusitis was induced in the maxillary sinus of New Zealand white rabbits. Study groups received various concentrations of topical tobramycin instilled through a single lumen catheter embedded within the maxillary sinus for 7 consecutive days. A control group received normal saline irrigation. Bacterial counts were measured from the nasal lavage after irrigation. The sinonasal complex was analyzed and a histological grading system was used to score the degree of infection at study end. Results Nasal lavage bacterial counts of the saline control group remained persistently elevated throughout the study. Introduction of increasing concentrations of topical tobramycin caused the bacterial counts to fall to zero by study end. There was a dose-dependent histological response in which increasing concentrations of tobramycin led to a marked reduction but not total elimination of inflammation within the mucosa and underlying bone. Conclusion As opposed to normal saline irrigations, topical tobramycin led to a significant improvement in the degree of infection within an animal model of P. aeruginosa sinusitis. Despite the elimination of bacteria within the nasal lavage, there was a suggestion of a residual indolent infection as evidenced by persistent inflammation within the mucosa and underlying bone.
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: An Uncommon Sinobronchial Allergic Mycosis
Authors: Braun Jean Jacques , Pauli Gabrielle , Schultz Philippe , Gentine André , Ebbo David , de Blay Frédéric 
Published: August 2007

Background The identification of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is still controversial and much more recent than that of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Their association has been reported very rarely in the literature. Methods The aim of this study was to present a review of 6 cases of AFS associated with ABPA from a series of 12 cases of AFS and to compare AFS associated with ABPA and isolated AFS. Results All cases of AFS presented with chronic rhinosinusitis. The six cases with AFS and ABPA were atopic, asthmatic, with pulmonary infiltrates (five cases), central bronchiectasis (four cases), and both (three cases). The mycological and immunoallergological features of isolated AFS and AFS associated with ABPA were similar: eosinophilic allergic mucin with noninvasive fungi hyphae, high levels of blood eosinophils, total IgE, specific IgE, IgG, and positive skin tests to Aspergillus. The association of AFS and ABPA was concomitant (two cases) or remote in time (four cases). The treatment with oral corticosteroids and sinus surgery (six cases) associated with antifungal drugs (four cases) led to resolution in three cases, considerable improvement in one case, and therapeutic failure in two cases (follow-up longer than 5 years in all cases). Conclusion Independently of the signs linked to the organs involved (sinuses and bronchi) the mycological and immunoallergological features were similar for AFS and AFS associated with ABPA. AFS and ABPA can be isolated or associated in a sinobronchial allergic mycosis.
Silent Sinus Syndrome: Lack of Orbital Findings in Early Presentation
Authors: Wise Sarah K. , Wojno Ted H. , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: August 2007

Background Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is an uncommon disease process, classically described as unilateral maxillary sinus opacification that presents with enophthalmos and atelectasis of bony sinus walls from chronic negative pressure. Patients are largely free of characteristic rhinosinusitis symptoms. Methods Operative reports, clinic notes, and radiological studies were reviewed for cases of SSS treated in a tertiary care institution over a 7-year period. Presenting symptoms, radiological features, and surgical findings were evaluated. Results Seventeen cases of SSS were identified. Presentation ranged from incidental computed tomography (CT) scan findings to unilateral enophthalmos with altered midface anatomy. Facial pain ipsilateral to the disease process occurred in 30% of cases. Vision changes were uncommon. Radiological studies universally revealed an opacified maxillary sinus on the affected side. Maxillary sinus walls were contracted and demineralized with significant orbital floor depression in 11 advanced cases. Four early cases revealed only lateralized uncinate process on CT scan without increased orbital volume, and two moderate cases showed increased orbital volumes on CT scan without clinical enophthalmos. All patients had a significantly lateralized uncinate process at surgery, often closely apposed to demineralized orbital walls. Conclusion Some authors maintain that SSS presentation must include enophthalmos. However, our series shows cases of lateralized uncinate processes and increased orbital volumes on CT scan, as would be seen in classic SSS, but lacking clinical enophthalmos. Such cases should be considered as potentially representing early SSS, before the development of clinical orbital findings.
Fully Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Tumors: Technique and Results
Authors: Uren Brent , Vrodos Nick , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: August 2007

Background The aim of this study was to describe our two-surgeon fully endoscopic approach to pituitary surgery and to report results in terms of tumor remission, improvement in vision, and complications. A retrospective chart review was performed. Methods Our prospectively recorded surgical database was searched for all endoscopic transsphenoidal procedures between January 2001 and December 2005. Those patients who had surgery had their medical charts reviewed and presenting symptoms and signs, lesion characteristics, endocrine investigations, operative details, complications, and treatment outcomes recorded. Results Thirty-two patients were included in the study. Twenty-three patients had macroadenomas, five patients had microadenomas, and four patients had other pathologies. Most patients with macroadenomas had significant supra- or parasellar extension. Of the 14 patients who had visual loss at presentation, 13 had postoperative improvement. Two patients had postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks, which were successfully treated endoscopically. Eight patients required some form of hormone replacement after surgery. After a mean follow-up of 31 months, the overall remission rate for patients with macroadenomas was 82% and for patients with microadenomas was 100%. Conclusion The fully endoscopic transsphenoidal approach provides excellent visualization for tumor resection and results in acceptable remission rates.
Zinc-Specific: Food Frequency Questionnaire
Authors: Lacey Janet M. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose: A new dietary zinc assessment tool (ZAT) was evaluated to determine its usefulness in estimating zinc intakes among college students. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire specifically designed for calculating average zinc intakes was administered to university students who had also completed three-day food records. Zinc intakes from the two instruments were compared. Results: Among 171 participants (38 male, 133 female) aged 20.2 ± 1.6 years (mean ± standard deviation), the two dietary assessment methods were positively correlated (r=0.33, p<0.001). The ZAT correctly identified 76% of the women who were obtaining less than the National Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowance for zinc (8 mg/day for females, 11 mg/day for males). Conclusions: This convenient tool may assist in the identification of problematic dietary patterns at an early stage. Further design modifications and expanded studies are warranted.
Correlation weighted successive projections algorithm as a novel method for variable selection in QSAR studies: investigation of anti‐HIV activity of HEPT derivatives
Authors: Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Akhlaghi Yousef 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCorrelation weighted successive projections algorithm (CWSPA), as a modified version of successive projections algorithm (SPA), is proposed for selection of descriptors in the non‐linear quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) study of a series of 1‐[2‐hydroxyethoxy‐methyl]‐6‐(phenylthio)thymine] (HEPT) derivatives, as non‐nucloside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). In the proposed procedure the correlation coefficient of each descriptor with the activities (rg) was an additional criterion for selection of descriptors. The extent of contribution of r in the selection of variables, m, was also optimized and r‐CWSPA was the selected condition (m = 4). Three layer radial basis function networks (RBFNs) and molecular descriptors derived solely from molecular structure were used to construct the non‐linear QSAR models. Utilizing r‐CWSPA a limited number of uncorrelated and informative descriptors were selected. The relative standard error percent in anti‐HIV activity predictions for the training set by the application of cross‐validation (RSECV%) was 9.77%, and for prediction set (RSEP%) was 8.61% when the selected number of descriptors were 20. The obtained model outperforms those given in the literature in both the fitting and predicting stages. RBFN analysis yielded predicted activities in an acceptable agreement with the experimentally obtained values (cross‐validation r = 0.924, prediction r = 0.939). Compared to SPA, r‐CWSPA resulted in a lower RSECV% and RSEP% values using lower number of selected variables. The results show that considering the correlation of variables to the independent variables increase the performance of selection, as a result, the quality of the set of selected variables. Finally, a simple procedure for selection of variables using r‐CWSPA was proposed in which there was no need to test all possible initial descriptors. The results from the simple procedure were comparable to the procedure in which all of the possible initial descriptors were tested. The proposed method was successfully validated by five different training and test sets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.