bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity of the Mucosa of the Gastric Remnant Using Endoscopic Biopsy Specimen, Comparison Between B‐I and B‐II.
Authors: SOWA Michio , NAKANISHI Kazuo , CHUNG Yong‐Suk , KATO Yasuyuki , KUBO Toshiaki , FUJIMOTO Yasuhisa , NISHIWAKI Hideki , YOSHIKAWA Kazuhiko , UMEYAMA Kaoru , KOBAYASHI Kenzo , OTANI Shuzo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: In this study, the stomal portion of the gastric remnant mucosa following a gastrectomy for gastric cancer was examined endoscopically and histopathologically. The ODC activity was assayed from biopsies from the stomal portion of the gastric remnant and from the greater curvature. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. Endoscopic changes in the stomal mucosa (redness) were found significantly more often in patients following a B‐II than in patients who had had a B‐I. Histopathological changes consisting of glandular dilatation and an irregular glandular structure were detected in many of the stomal mucosal specimens.2. The ODC activity was significantly higher in the stomal portion of the remnant stomach tlian in the greater curvature. As for the stomal portion, ODC activity was significantly higher following a B‐II titan following a B‐I.In summary, the present findings suggest that active cell proliferation occurs in the gastric remnant mucosa, particularly in the region of anastomosis, and that an enhancement of cell proliferation kinetics plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary cancer in the stomal portion of the remnant stomach.
Laparoscopic Findings of Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis —Particular investigation in early PBC—
Authors: SHIBATA Minoru , UENO Yukihisa , YAMAMURO Wataru , ISHII Kunihiko , KUBO Shuichi , SATO Genichiro , YOSHIDA Naoya , HATORI Tomoki , HATTA Yosio , ENOMOTO Makoto 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: of 17 cases of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), seven cases whose ALP (alkaline phosphatase) was less than twice the upper limit of the normal range were defined as being “early PBC”, and ten cases whose ALP was more than twice the upper limit of the normal range were defined as being “classical PBC” in order to investigate their clinical pictures and laparoscopic findings.There were no significant differences between early PBC and classical PBC in terms of sex differences, age, a positive rate of antimitochondrial antibody and histological findings. On the other hand, apart from IgM being as high as 86%, laboratory studies indicated that early PBC cases showed relatively low abnormal levels of GOT (29%), ALP (43%), γ‐GTP (57%), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (57%). Classical PBC cases exhibited almost 100% abnormal values.Laparoscopic examination of all the classical PBC cases revealed such specific characteristics of PBC as reddish patches, protuberance formations and mesh‐like white markings. Early cases revealed one of the following nonspecific findings: proliferation of the portal veins, irregularity of the liver surface, dullness of the liver edge and enlargement of the liver. However, in terms of the specific findings, none of the patients had reddish patches, and half of the patients demonstrated protuberance formations and mesh‐like white markings in part of the liver.
Endoscopic Biliary Drainage for Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: Clinical Analysis and Assessment of Biliary Decompression
Authors: KON Yoichi , HIGUCHI Tsugio , YOSHIHAMA Yutaka , AOKI Takashi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: The efficiency of non‐operative methods of biliary decompression was evaluated in 74 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) was performed in 54 patients and included nasobiliary drainage (NBD) in 18 patients, duodenobiliary drainage with a endoprosthetic tube measuring 7. 2 Fr in diameter (7.2DB) in 22 patients and duodenobiliary drainage with a endoprosthetic tube measuring 10 Fr in diameter (10DB) in 14 patients. 20 patients had percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).A “Jaundice Reduction Index” was calculated for each group using the regression coefficient analysis of the fall in serum bilirubin levels measured at 1 week intervals. Values of 0.23, 0.30, 0.62 and 0.65 were obtained for the 10DB, 7.2DB, NBD and PTBD groups respectively.Our results indicate a statistically significant superiority in the efficiency of biliary decompression in the 10DB and 7.2DB patients when compared with the NBD and PTBD patients. The difference between the 10DB and the 7.2DB groups was not statistically significant. Moreover, endoprosthesis using a stent tube, measuring 7.2 Fr in diameter, provided sufficient biliary decompression on initial drainage. A stent tube with a larger diameter is preferable for endoprosthesis, but our results suggest that the use of stent tube with a bigger internal diameter is not necessary for the increased efficiency of biliary decompression.
Colonoscopic Follow‐up Study after Polypectomy
Authors: BABA Rika , NAGASAKO Kou , YASHIRO Kurato , SATO Shuichi , SUZUKI Shigeru , OBATA Hiroshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:One hundred and forty‐seven patients with colonic adenoma and early cancer were followed by one or more total colonoscopies. A very precisely planned colonoscopic follow‐up schedule for the polypectomized patients was then assessed. In patients who received a single follow‐up examination, the incidence of developing new polyps was 46.7% (1 year), 53.9% (2 years) and 73.3% (3 years or more). Patients who received multiple follow‐up examinations showed an average incidence of developing new polyps (polyp positive examinations/total examinations) of 46.9%. With regards to the location and histology of the polyps, there was no difference found between the initial and new polyps. Seventeen colon cancers (14 mucosal, 2 early invasive, 1 advanced) were detected in 16 patients in the follow‐up examinations. The time elapsed from a diagnosis of ‘clean colon’ to a new cancer developing was 1.9±1.0 years. The rate of new pedunculated polyps was found to be significantly low (p <0.01), and their size was significantly smaller (p<0.01) when compared with polyps in the initial early colon cancer. Follow‐up examinations every two years are recommended
Helicobacter pylori Distribution in Human Gastric Mucosa with Chronic, Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: KOHLI Yoshihiro , KATO Takuji , ITO Shigeji , IWAI Makoto , HATA Masanori , YAMAZAKI Yukinao 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:In animals a continuous administration of 0.02% NH3 induced by Helicobacter pylori is well known to lead to glandular atrophy of the gastric mucosa and to induce active, chronic gastritis. In addition, this organism has been demonstrated to be closely related to chronic, active gastritis in man. In the present study, a phenol red dye spraying endoscopy was re‐formed in 54 patients with chronic, atrophic gastritis to elucidate the distribution of this organism in the human gastric mucosa, and to clarify the relationship between its presence and chronic, atrophic gastritis. No red color reaction was found in 12 (92.3%) of 13 patients who had no glandular atrophy of the stomach. A diffuse and/or regional red color reaction was most prominent in those with slight degrees of glandular atrophy of the stomach, and was less striking in those with severe atrophy of the gastric mucosa associated with intestinal metaplasia. In addition, no red color reaction was visible in 14 (87.5%) of 16 patients showing a C0 pattern in the fundic‐pyloric border classification, whereas a diffuse and/or regional red color reaction was observed in over 75% of patients showing C1 ‐O2 patterns and less frequently in those with an O3 Pattern. These data suggest a positive relationship between the presence of this organism and chronic, atrophic gastritis in man.
An Alternative Procedure for Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in Patients with Billroth II Gastrectomy
Authors: HASHIBA Kiyoshi , CAPPELLANES Carlos Alberto , D'ASSUNCAO Marco Aurélio , de PAULA Aureo Ludovico 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: An EST was performed on 33 patients with choledocholithiasis and a previous Billroth II gastrectomy according to an alternative technique, using a cannula as a cutting guide. This seems to be an easy and safe technique which may be used in cases in which the deep cannulation of the common bile duct is possible.
Depressed Type Mucosal Cancer of Large Intestine with Converging Mucosal Folds —Report of a Case—
Authors: OZEKI Yutaka , SAIGA Toshio , MATSUBARA Nagaki , KOYAMA Akihiro , HONMA Mitsuo , KOYAMA Noboru 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: A case of depressed type mucosal cancer of the large intestine with converging mucosal folds is discussed. A 71‐year‐old female was admitted to our hospital with melena. A total colonoscopy revealed a type IIa + IIc lesion measuring 1. 5cm in diameter with converging mucosal folds in the transverse colon. An endoscopic biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of submucosal carcinoma was made and a partial colectomy was performed. The resected specimen showed a type IIc + IIa cancer. Histologically, a well differentiated adenocarcinoma which was limited to the mucosa in association with fibrosis in the submucosa was revealed. The submucosal fibrosis was thought to be a cause of the converging mucosal folds.
Clinical Significance of Sterilization of Endoscopic Instrument
Authors: KOHLI Yoshihiro , KATO Takuji , IWAKI Makoto , ITO Shigeji , YAMAZAKI Yukinao , HATA Masanori 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Since the first successful isolation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) from human gastric mucosa, this Organism has been demonstrated to be closely related to chronic, active gastritis and peptic ulcerations. It also promotes glandular atrophy of the gastric mucosa, and adversely affects healing and or relapse of peptic ulcers in man. However, the source of H. pylori infection has remained controversial. In our clinic, AGML developed in 2–3% of patients endoscoped. In some of these patients, phenol red dye spraying endoscopy was performed before and after the test, and H. pylori infection after the preceding endoscopy wm ascertained with the phenol red reaction and in culture.To prevent H. pylori infection from contaminating endoscopic instruments, several sterilization methods using running water, 70% ethanol, 0.2% benzalkonium chloride and 2% glutaraldehyde were compared. The results obtained showed that sterilization of endoscopic instruments with running water or 70% ethanol was insufficient to eliminate the risk of H. pylori infection, whereas sterilization with 0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 2% glutaraldehyde was sufficient. It was especially important that the biopsy channel was washed with these latter solutions.
Role of Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: WATANABE Makoto , AKAGI Shuji , UCHIDA Yasushi , KOHGE Naruaki , FUKUMOTO Shiro 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was evaluated. Twenty two patients who were suspected of having pancreatic cancer, following physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging techniques, received a laparoscopy at our clinic. The laparoscopic and histological findings were analyzed retrospectively. Eighteen patients in whom the pancreas was observed were laparoscopically diagnosed as having pancreatic cancer, and one other patient from a laparoscopic ultrasonography. Among 14 patients in whom a direct forceps biopsy of the pancreas was done, pancreatic tissue was obtained from 11 patients (78.6%) and cancer was histologically proven in only 3. Liver metastasis were observed in 11 patients, among whom an aimed biopsy to the hepatic lesion was done in 10, and adenocarcinoma was histologically proven in all of these patients. Peritonitis carcinomatosa was confirmed in 4 patients and adenocarcinorna was proven in all of the patients by histology after a punch biopsy to the lesion. Thus, histological evidence of cancer was obtained in 13 out of the 22 patients studied (59.1%).By doing laparoscopy, histological evidence of pancreatic cancer could be obtained by a less invasive procedure than lapayotomy. Conclusively, laparoscopy seems to be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Analysis of Comparative Studies Using Different Contrast Agents for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: CHONG James , BARKIN Jamie S. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: Pancreatitis induced by ERCP ha been associated with numerous pathogenic factors such as a previous history of pancreatitis, acinarization, mechanical and thermal injury, medications, and lastly the type of contrast agent used. Conventional contrast agents are characterized by both ionicity and high osmolality. These traditional agents have demonstrated deleterious effects upon multiple organ systems. Newer contrast agents have been developed with properties of low osmolality and non‐ionicity in efforts to their decrease potential toxic effects, This review analyzes the current literature regarding the role of different contrast agents in the incidence of ERCP related pancreatitis.Nine randomized, double‐blind, prospective studies have been published comparing low and high osmolality contrast agents for ERCP. Although five studies have shown lower degrees of amylase/lipase elevation after ERCP for the low osmolality agents, only three studies demonstrated a statistically significant advantage for the reduction of clinical pancreatitis among the low osmolality agent groups. In addition, these studies also varied in terms of specific contrast agents used, inclusion and exclusion criteria, rates of acinarization, and definition of clinical pancreatitis. However, after combining all of the data from these studies, there was a statistically significant advantage in reducing ERCP induced pancreatitis for non‐ionic, low osmolality agents (1.44%) compared with the ionic, high osmolality agents (7.39%) [p = 0.007] and the ionic, low osmolality agents (9.67%) [p = 0.0001]. There was no statistical difference between the ionic, high osmolality agents and the ionic, low osmolaltiy agents [p = 0.5481. This data seem to suggest that ionicity rather than osmolality may play a more significant role in the incidence of ERCP induced pancreatitis. The major disadvantage of the use of low osmolality, non‐ionic agents is their relatively high cost. Overall, controversy remains about whether these newer agents should be utilized in all patients or be selectively used in only high risk patients. Presently, we utilize these agents routinely.
Gastric Mucosal Injury by Transendoscopic Compressed Air Delivery of Powdered NaCl, KCl or NSAIDs in Dogs
Authors: HOSHINO Teruo , ENDO Toru , KUSAKARI Koji , ISHIDA Masashi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: Seven kinds of NaCl, KCl, aspirin, indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, lactose and sucralfate, all in powder form, were administered by an endoscopic compressed air drug delivery system, in doses of 25 mg each, to specific target sites of the gastric mucosa of dogs. Changes in the gastric mucosa were endoscopically observed. When NaCl, KCl and aspirin were administered, mucosal lesions were observed but were limited to the target site of the gastric mucosa. Indomethacin (2/7 dogs) and diclofenac sodium (3/7 dogs) were observed to induce superficial gastritis at the pyloric antrum but did not induce gastric mucosal lesions at the target sites. In addition, no lesions were induced by either lactose or sucralfate.In the present study, it was possible to induce an experimental gastric mucosal lesion at the target site of the gastric mucosa by administration of a small amount of powdered drugs via an endoscope and compressed air. The administration of the powdered drugs by endoscopy is useful for investigation of the direct effects of drugs such as aspirin, NaCl and KCl on the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, this method is applicable in order to investigate and develop drugs (such as sucralfate) for direct therapy of gastric mucosal lesions.
Back Pain in Peptic Ulcer Diseases
Authors: KATOH Yoshihisa , ISHIDA Motoo , HIRAISHI Hideyuki , MASUYAMA Hironori , HARADA Takashi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: The incidence of back pain in patients with peptic ulcers in relation to the location of the ulceration was investigated. One hundred and seventeen patients with gastric ulcers and 35 patients with duodenal ulcers consecutively seen over the past five years were the subjects in this study. The location of the ulceration was assessed by endoscopy in all cases.Forty‐eight out of 117 (41.0%) and 11 out of 35 (31.4%) patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers respectively complained of back pain with or without other symptoms. Further, there were 7 patients with gastric ulcers and 1 with duodenal ulcers who had only back pain or had back pain with other symptoms other than epigastric pain.There were no significant differences between the location of ulceration and the symptoms i. e., epigastric and back pain.Back pain in this study is considered to be a referred pain via visceral afferent pathways, and it may occur more commonly than has been earlier documented.It should be taken into consideration also that some patients with peptic ulcers complain of back pain as their main symptom. (Dig Endosc 1944; 6 : 17–23)
The Usefulness of Endoscopic Color Doppler Ultrasonography (ECDUS) for Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy (EIS)
Authors: SATO Takahiro , KOITO Kazumitsu , NOBUTA Aichiro , NAGAKAWA Tatsuya , NATSUI Kiyoto , HIGASHINO Kiyoshi , TOCHIHARA Masahiro , MIYAKAWA Hiroyuki , FUJINAGA Akira , IMAMURA Akimichi , YAOSAKA Toru , SUGA Toshihiro , MURASHIMA Yoshio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: We studied 12 patients using endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) guided by endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS). The ECDUS was performed with a PENTAX FG‐32UA (7.5MH2, convex type) and a HlTACHl EUB 565 as a display machine.The EIS needle, as well as changes in intramural blood flow before and after EIS were clearly observed with the ECDUS.When the sclerosant was injected properly into the esophageal varices, the blood flow in the esophageal varices could not be detected with color Doppler flow imaging nor with fast‐Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. Therefore EIS was safely performed with an adequate volume of sclerosant having been accurately injected into the varices.Of the disadvantages of this technique, the forceps channel was found to be a bit narrow, and the anterior view was somewhat oblique. Even so, EIS guided by ECDUS is surely a promising method for the treatment of esophageal varices, especially once the technical difficulties are overcome. (Dig Endosc 1994; 6 : 39–44)
Clinical Features of Patients with Pancreas Divisum
Authors: SUGA Toshihiro , NAGAKAWA Tatsuya , MIYAKAWA Hiroyuki , ANBO Tomonori , SATO Takahiro , NATSUI Kiyoto , TOCHIHARA Masahiro , HIGASHINO Kiyoshi , KOITO Kazurnitsu , FUJINAGA Akira , IMAMURA Akimichi , YAOSAKA Toru , MURASHIMA Yoshio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: Between 1972 and 1992, 18, 128 ERCPs were performed. Pancreas divisum (PD) was diagnosed in 184 of these patients (1.02%). The clinical features of 108 cases were investigated (M53, F55, average age 54) who were encountered during the last 8 years.In a morphological study, we examined changes in both the ventral and dorsal ducts. An ERP of the dorsal pancreas demonstrated severe changes (SE) in 2 of 73 patients (3%), moderate changes (MO) in 4 (5%) and minimal changes (MI) in 17 (23%). When the ventral pancreas was examined, SE and MO occurred in one each of the 89 patients (1%), and MI in 5 (6%). The rate of ductal abnormalities in the dorsal pancreas (32%) was significantly higher than the rate in the ventral pancreas (8%). However, the dorsal duct changes did not correlate with alcoholism.The exocrine or endocrine function in the majority of the patients with PD was normal or slightly disturbed.An investigation of abdominal pain revealed that patients who complained of pancreatic‐type pain were 33%, and this rate was higher than the rate in the control group without PD (12.8%).In conclusion, it was suggested that PD was related to mild dorsal pancreatitis. (Dig Endosc 1994; 6: 80–86)
Three Cases of Sebaceous Glands in the Esophagus
Authors: ISHII Keita , MITSUHASHI Toshiharu , SAIGENJI Katsunori , KAN Tomoya , ATARI Eio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: Three cases of patients with sebaceous glands in the esophagus are described in this study.Case 1: This patient had suffered from heart burn for several months. An endoscopy disclosed a slightly elevated rounded granular yellowish lesion 5 mm in diameter in the middle esophagus. Multiple rounded yellowish lesions ranging from 1 to 2 mm in size were also recognized at the immediate distal site. A biopsy revealed normal squamous esophageal epithelium with sebaceous glands making up the underlying elevated lesions.Case 2: This patient had suffered with difficulty in swallowing for a month. An endoscopy disclosed multiple rounded granular yellowish lesions ranging from 1 to 2 mm in diameter in the middle esophagus. A biopsy revealed sebaceous glands (similar to case 1).Case 3: This patient had suffered from epigastric discomfort for a year. An endoscopy disclosed multiple rounded granular yellowish lesions ranging from 1 to 2 mm in diameter in the middle esophagus. A biopsy revealed sebaceous glands.
A New Assessment of Esophageal Varices by Endoscopic Ultrasonography Using a 15/20‐Megahertz Ultrasonic Probe
Authors: NISHIZONO Masatoshi , SAKATA Junichiro , OHASHI Tsuyoshi , HARAGUCHI Yasuaki , ETO Tanenao , KAMIKAWA Hideki , BEKKI Fumitoshi , NAGASAKI Yoshikazu , KOGA Nobuhiko , KOGA Toshihiko , YAMASHITA Yuichi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: We examined esophageal varices using the new technique of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) that employed a high‐resolution 15/20 MHz ultrasonic probe. EUS employing the direct contact method, in which the forceps‐channel probe was in direct contact with the lumen, was used in patients with esophageal varices (58 cases) and in control patients without varices (32 cases). Findings were also compared with additional EUS employing the conventional balloon method which was performed on 21 of the patients with esophageal varices.The direct contact method visualized all the varices (endoscopic Grade 1 varices; 2.0 ± 0.7 mm in diameter (mean ± SD) and 11.9 ± 3.1 cm in length, endoscopic Grade 2 or 3 varices; 5.8 ± 3.2 mm in diameter and 16.3 ± 3.0 cm in length).In the 21 patients who underwent EUS by the two different methods, varices were displayed by both methods in 9 cases (7 endoscopic Grade 2 varices, and 2 Grade 3 varices). In the other 12 cases (8 endoscopic Grade 1 varices, and 4 Grade 2 varices) varices were displayed only by the direct contact method, and not by the balloon method.The direct contact method can be regarded as a useful technique for the evaluation of esophageal varices.
A New Method for Measurement of Gastric and Colonic Lesions with an Electronic Endoscope and Image Processor
Authors: MUNAKATA Akihiro , IWANE Satoru , HATADA Yasumasa , TOHNO Hiroshi , BABA Takio , NAKAJIMA Hitoshi , YOSHIDA Yutaka , ITOH Masazumi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:In order to measure the sizes of gastric and colonic lesions endoscopically, we established a system composed of an electronic endoscope, image processor, and personal computer. The long and short diameter of the lesion were calculated by a program which corrected the curvature radius of the lens of the endoscope and variables. 1) To evaluate its accuracy, we measured a 10 mm scale spherical model at different distances from the lens of the endoscope. The mean value was 9.7 mm, ranging from 9.0 to 10.9 mm. The rate of error was –0.38±4.4 % (mean±SE). 2) Using this system, we measured the sizes of 34 gastric and colonic lesions in 34 patients (3 with gastric cancers, 20 with gastric polyps, and 11 with colonic polyps), and compared them with the real sizes of the resected or polypectomized specimens. The rate of error was–1.1±1.3% (mean±SE). The results showed that our system was useful to evaluate the accurate sizes of gastric and colonic lesions endoscopically.