bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two pathologic types of hepatocellular carcinoma with lymph node metastasis with distinct prognosis on the basis of CK19 expression in tumor
Authors: Zhuang Peng‐Yuan , Zhang Ju‐Bo , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Wei , Wu Wei‐Zhong , Tan Yun‐Shan , Hou Jun , Tang Zhao‐You , Qin Lun‐Xiu , Sun Hui‐Chuan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Few studies have investigated the pathologic types and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lymph node metastasis (LNM). The purpose was to explore pathologic types and pertinent therapy of HCC with LNM.METHODS.An immunohistochemical study for CK19 and OV‐6 was performed on tissue microarrays of HCC with LNM (n = 47) and those without LNM (n = 125). The clinicopathologic factors and patient survival were analyzed.RESULTS.Immunopositivity of CK19 and OV‐6 in HCC with LNM were higher than that in 125 HCC without LNM (27.7% vs 5.6%, P = .000; 29.8% vs 12.8%, P = .009); their expressions were significantly correlated in HCC with LNM (correlation coefficient: 0.637, P = .000). The CK19 expression and tumor (T) classification of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC) tumor staging system were 2 independent risk factors for developing LNM (odds ratio [OR], 5.170, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.840‐14.528, P = .002; OR, 1.879, 95% CI, 1.236–2.857, P = .003). The CK19(+) group had shorter median survival (7.7 months vs 21.7 months, P = .013); CK19 expression was the independent prognostic factor for overall survival in HCC with LNM and was correlated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression (correlation coefficient: 0.484, P = .001 and 0.459, P = .001, respectively).CONCLUSIONS.CK19 expression and AJCC/UICC T classification were 2 independent risk factors for developing LNM in HCC. CK19 expression was the independent prognostic factor for HCC with LNM. It is of clinical significance for treatment modalities to differentiate HCC with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma‐like differentiation (CK19[+]) from one with a higher T classification (CK19[−]). Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
The Material and Energy Basis of Rome: An Investigation of Direct and Indirect Resource Use through Material Flow, Energy and Footprint Methods
Authors: Ascione Marco , Campanella Luigi , Cherubini Francesco , Bargigli Silvia , Ulgiati Sergio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResults from this study of stability/sustainability conditions of an urban system show that an average citizen of Rome, in one year, uses directly or indirectly as much as 45 tons of abiotic material (minerals, raw fuel, topsoil). Out of such an abiotic flow, about 6.5 tons of fuel per person are required, while the Italian nationwide average is 3.6 tons per year. In addition, 816 tons of water are indirectly used or diverted from their natural pattern in support of individual food, electricity and commodity demand. Despite the scarce 0.05 Ha of productive land available per capita, each citizen in Rome virtually “uses” 4.51 Ha of productive land. Each Roman releases in one year 20 tons CO2, 50 kg CO, 36 kg NOx and 24 kg SO2, and generates about 450 kg of solid waste, thus contributing in several ways to environmental pollution. Finally, to generate 100 € of local GDP requires 29 kg of raw oil, an amount that is only paid about 10 € in the international market.
Oligodendrocyte‐specific protein is encephalitogenic in rhesus macaques and induces specific demyelination of the optic nerve
Authors: Bajramovic Jeffrey J. , Brok Herbert P. M. , Ouwerling Boudewijn , Jagessar S. Anwar , van Straalen Linda , Kondova Ivanela , Bauer Jan , Amor Sandra , Hart Bert A. ‘t , Ben‐Nun Avraham 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOligodendrocyte‐specific protein (OSP) is a candidate autoantigen in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the potential of OSP to induce EAE in rhesus monkeys, an out bred animal model for MS that is immunologically close to humans. Since OSP is a four‐membrane spanning protein with highly hydrophobic regions, we synthesized recombinant proteins encompassing only the hydrophilic regions of human OSP (soluble (s)hOSP). Immunization with shOSP proteins induced clinical signs and histological features of optic neuritis in four out of ten rhesus monkeys. The development of clinical disease was associated with the presence of a strong cellular proliferative response to the immunizing shOSP protein. Analysis of the cellular responses in combination with neuropathological observations also indicates an important role for neutrophils in the disease process. Interestingly, all immunized monkeys developed antibody responses to OSP peptide 103–123, a B cell epitope previously identified in MS patients. These responses did not correlate with the development of clinical disease, but may have relevance as a biomarker for immunoreactivity towards OSP in myelin disorders. Our data demonstrate that in rhesus monkeys immune responses directed at OSP are encephalitogenic, leading to inflammatory responses throughout the central nervous system and to selective demyelination of the optic nerve.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are linked to synergistic IFN‐β induction via X‐box binding protein 1
Authors: Smith Judith A. , Turner Matthew J. , DeLay Monica L. , Klenk Erin I. , Sowders Dawn P. , Colbert Robert A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractType I IFN are strongly induced upon engagement of certain pattern recognition receptors by microbial products, and play key roles in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. It has become apparent that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced unfolded protein response (UPR), in addition to restoring ER homeostasis, also influences the expression of certain inflammatory cytokines. However, the extent to which UPR signaling regulates type I IFN remains unclear. Here we show that cells undergoing a UPR respond to TLR4 and TLR3 ligands, and intracellular dsRNA, with log‐fold greater IFN‐β induction. This synergy is not dependent on autocrine type I IFN signaling, but unexpectedly requires the UPR transcription factor X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1). Synergistic IFN‐β induction also occurs in HLA‐B27/human β2m‐transgenic rat macrophages exhibiting a UPR as a consequence of HLA‐B27 up‐regulation, where it correlates with activation of XBP‐1 splicing. Together these findings indicate that the cellular response to endogenous ‘danger’ that disrupts ER homeostasis is coupled to IFN‐β induction by XBP‐1, which has implications for the immune response and the pathogenesis of diseases involving the UPR.
Protective anti‐mycobacterial T cell responses through exquisite in vivo activation of vaccine‐targeted dendritic cells
Authors: Kamath Arun T. , Valenti Mario P. , Rochat Anne‐Françoise , Agger Else M. , Lingnau Karen , von Gabain Alexander , Andersen Peter , Lambert Paul‐Henri , Siegrist Claire‐Anne 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVaccine efficacy largely depends upon DC targeting and activation. The most potent TLR soluble ligands induce diffuse DC activation, which may be associated with marked pro‐inflammatory responses and possibly adverse effects. This raises the concern that effective vaccine adjuvants may similarly rely on widespread DC activation. Using a promising candidate vaccine against tuberculosis (fusion protein of Ag85B and 6‐kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT‐6)) formulated in the potent IC31® adjuvant, DC targeting and activation was studied in vivo, following the fate of antigen and adjuvant in the draining lymph nodes, to define the magnitude of DC targeting/activation required in vivo to induce protective vaccine responses. Unexpectedly, protective IFN‐γ‐mediated Ag85B‐ESAT‐6/IC31® responses were associated to the activation of a minute population (less than 0.3%) of CD11c+ lymph node DC, without detectable systemic pro‐inflammatory responses. This activated peripheral tissue‐derived DC population, characterized by enhanced CD80, CD86, CD40 and IL‐12p40 expression, was only identified when focusing on adjuvant‐ or antigen‐labeled CD11c+ DC, which were found to support T cell proliferation. Immunization with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Alum) resulted in a similar proportion of antigen‐associated DC but without detectable enhancement of CD80, CD86, CD40 or IL‐12p40 expression. Thus, potent protective IFN‐γ‐producing responses may be elicited by the exquisite activation of a minute number of in vivo targeted DC.
Immunosenescent colitogenic CD4+ T cells convert to regulatory cells and suppress colitis
Authors: Totsuka Teruji , Kanai Takanori , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Tomita Takayuki , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Sakamoto Naoya , Okamoto Ryuichi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases progress steadily by the expansion of colitogenic CD4+ cells. However, it remains unknown whether colitogenic CD4+ cells are long‐living like memory cells or exhausted like effector cells. To assess the longevity of colitogenic lamina propria (LP) CD4+ cells, we performed sequential transfers of LP CD4+ cells from colitic CD4+CD45RBhigh cell‐transferred SCID mice into new SCID mice. Although SCID mice transferred with colitic LP CD4+ cells stably developed colitis until at least the sixth transfer, the interval to the development of colitis gradually lengthened as the number of transfers increased. The incidence of colitis gradually decreased after the seventh transfer. Furthermore, non‐colitic LP CD4+ cells from mice transferred over seven times expressed significantly higher levels of PD‐1 and produced significantly lower amounts of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐17 than colitic LP CD4+ cells recovered after the first transfer. Most notably, we found that re‐transfer of non‐colitic LP CD4+ cells recovered after multiple transfers prevented the development of colitis in SCID mice co‐transferred with CD4+CD45RBhigh cells. Thus, colitogenic LP CD4+ cells may be exhausted over time, become non‐functional, convert to regulatory cells, and finally suppress colitis in the process of immunosenescence.
Synthesis of 6‐(4,5‐Dihydrofuran‐2‐yl)‐ and 6‐(Tetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)purine Bases and Nucleosides
Authors: Bambuch Vítězslav , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel approach to the synthesis of purine derivatives (bases and nucleosides) bearing 4,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐yl and tetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl substituents at the 6‐position as partly and fully saturated analogues of biologically active 6‐hetarylpurine nucleosides is reported. Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of 6‐iodopurines with new (4,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐yl)zinc chloride (1) gave 6‐(4,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐yl)purines in high yields. Their catalytic hydrogenation gave 6‐(tetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)purines. These modified purine bases and nucleosides did not exhibit any significant cytostatic or anti‐HCV activity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Earthquakes – From Cause to Effect
Authors: Lenhardt Wolfgang A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEarthquakes are an unpopular issue in Central Europe. The main reason is the erratic character of the occurrences of earthquakes. The past has shown that moderate earthquakes can even happen in regions, which were deemed to be aseismic. The destructive potential of an earthquake when compared with other natural hazards such as landslides or torrential floods, hail and avalanches differs in their spatial extent and its sudden impact. While these other natural hazards can often be anticipated in a short term, earthquake occurrences cannot be forecasted within a few days. In the following paragraphs the basics of earthquake cause, hazard and risk are briefly outlined to inform the reader on the major factors which contribute to an assessment of an earthquake situation for a particular region or site.
Sustainable Coping with Natural Hazards by TripelBudgetierung – Case Study “Debris Flow Enterbach, Inzing in Tyrol, Austria”
Authors: Schiegg Hans‐Olivier 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe method of TripelBudgetierung (TriB) empowers to show, that only sustainable coping with natural hazards provides durably maximum safety at lowest risk and cost. “Triple” means economic, ecologic and social. TriB results in the scenario‐specific time curves of the triple value of the case‐specific system. Based on these curves, the Portfolio Theory (Markowitz) elaborates in respect to return and risk the most efficient mix of measures, thus, the optimal allocation of a given budget. A case study shows the practical application of such an approach.
The neural basis of response inhibition and attention allocation as mediated by gestational age
Authors: Lawrence Emma J. , Rubia Katya , Murray Robin M. , McGuire Philip K. , Walshe Muriel , Allin Matthew , Giampietro Vincent , Rifkin Larry , Williams Steven C.R. , Nosarti Chiara 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChildren and adolescents born before 33 weeks of gestation, that is very preterm, may experience problems with the inhibitory control of behaviour and the allocation of attention. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have found preterm‐born adolescents to display altered brain activation in tasks measuring inhibitory control. However, adolescence is a period during which dynamic changes are occurring in the brain, and it is not yet known whether these functional alterations will persist into adulthood, or instead reflect developmental delay. This study used an event‐related fMRI Go/No‐Go motor response inhibition paradigm, which included an oddball task measuring attention allocation to infrequent stimuli, to compare blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal between 26 preterm‐born adults and 21 controls. Group differences in brain activation were observed in inhibition and attention networks during both conditions. During motor response inhibition, preterm‐born participants compared to controls showed increased BOLD signal in medial and right lateral posterior brain regions, including middle temporal/occipital gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus. During oddball trials, preterm‐born young adults displayed attenuated brain activation in a fronto‐parietal‐cerebellar network which is involved in mediating attention allocation. This pattern of reduced brain activation in task‐relevant regions of attention allocation, and increased activation in posterior brain regions during inhibitory control, suggests adult alteration of inhibition and attention processing following very preterm birth, which may reflect a developmental delay. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giving speech a hand: Gesture modulates activity in auditory cortex during speech perception
Authors: Hubbard Amy L. , Wilson Stephen M. , Callan Daniel E. , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: April 2008

AbstractViewing hand gestures during face‐to‐face communication affects speech perception and comprehension. Despite the visible role played by gesture in social interactions, relatively little is known about how the brain integrates hand gestures with co‐occurring speech. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an ecologically valid paradigm to investigate how beat gesture—a fundamental type of hand gesture that marks speech prosody—might impact speech perception at the neural level. Subjects underwent fMRI while listening to spontaneously‐produced speech accompanied by beat gesture, nonsense hand movement, or a still body; as additional control conditions, subjects also viewed beat gesture, nonsense hand movement, or a still body all presented without speech. Validating behavioral evidence that gesture affects speech perception, bilateral nonprimary auditory cortex showed greater activity when speech was accompanied by beat gesture than when speech was presented alone. Further, the left superior temporal gyrus/sulcus showed stronger activity when speech was accompanied by beat gesture than when speech was accompanied by nonsense hand movement. Finally, the right planum temporale was identified as a putative multisensory integration site for beat gesture and speech (i.e., here activity in response to speech accompanied by beat gesture was greater than the summed responses to speech alone and beat gesture alone), indicating that this area may be pivotally involved in synthesizing the rhythmic aspects of both speech and gesture. Taken together, these findings suggest a common neural substrate for processing speech and gesture, likely reflecting their joint communicative role in social interactions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of overall quality of life in preterminal cancer patients
Authors: Beijer Sandra , Kempen Gertrudis I.J.M. , Pijls‐Johannesma Madelon C.G. , de Graeff Alexander , Dagnelie Pieter C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRecently, a few studies reported that fatigue was a predominant contributor to patient‐perceived overall QoL in patients with different types of cancer in a relatively early stage of disease. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether fatigue is also a major contributor to overall QoL in preterminal cancer patients. Ninety‐eight preterminal cancer patients, mainly lung (44%) and gastrointestinal cancer (25%), with an estimated life expectancy of 1–6 months were included. QoL domains as well as overall QoL were measured using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire. Data were analysed by Pearson's correlations and multivariate modelling. Fatigue showed the strongest correlation with overall QoL (r = −0.63, p < 0.001), followed in decreasing order by role functioning (r = 0.53), physical functioning (r = 0.47), social functioning (r = 0.44), nausea (r = −0.37), cognitive functioning (r = 0.33), appetite loss (r = −0.31), dyspnea (r = −0.26) and emotional functioning (r = 0.24). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the fatigue scale paid by far the highest individual contribution to overall QoL (standardized regression coefficient (SRC): −0.41, p = 0.002), followed by social functioning (SRC: 0.18, p = 0.05). None of the other domains or symptom scales contributed independently to overall QoL. Our results clearly demonstrate that, in preterminal cancer patients, fatigue is a major contributor of overall QoL, corroborating reports in cancer patients in earlier disease stages. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐stage model for robust real‐time face tracking
Authors: Do Jun‐Hyeong , Bien Zeungnam 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe propose a novel face tracking framework, the three‐stage model, for robust face tracking against interruptions from face‐like blobs. For robust face tracking in real‐time, we considered two critical factors in the construction of the proposed model. One factor is the exclusion of background information in the initialization of the target model, the extraction of the target candidate region, and the updating of the target model. The other factor is the robust estimation of face movement under various environmental conditions. The proposed three‐stage model consists of a preattentive stage, an assignment stage, and a postattentive stage with a prerecognition phase. The model is constructed by means of effective integration of optimum cues that are selected in consideration of the trade‐off between true positives and false positives of face classification based on a context‐dependant type of categorization. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking method improves the performance of the real‐time face tracking process in terms of success rates and with robustness against interruptions from face‐like blobs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 321–327, 2007
Association between X‐linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia syndrome and lenticulostriate vasculopathy in neonate
Authors: Jagła Mateusz , Kruczek Piotr , Kwinta Przemko 
Published: April 2008

AbstractX‐linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia syndrome (XLAG) (OMIM #3000215) is a rare, severe malformation of the brain cortex with abnormal neuronal migration caused by mutations of the ARX gene. All the reported patients with lissencephaly are males who presented with a posterior‐to‐anterior gradient, moderately increased thickness of the brain cortex, agenesis of corpus callosum, micropenis, and cryptorchidism. We describe the neurosonographic findings associated with the XLAG syndrome. To our knowledge, the association between XLAG and lenticulostriate vasculopathy has not been reported before. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
The Universal Postal Union's strategy for fighting “snail mail” fraud may be the key to making e‐commerce safer
Authors: Vial Virginie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOpen networks, high‐tech or low‐tech, are by their nature vulnerable to fraudulent use, and e‐commerce platforms are increasingly targets of illegal activity. An international security initiative to reduce drug trafficking through the mails has devised strategies that could also be useful for protecting companies and consumers from online fraud. The author examines the characteristics of networks that make them vulnerable to abuse, and examines the Universal Postal Union's security scheme for working with national postal services to develop a comprehensive database of illegal transactions and upgrade screening processes for detecting them. Finally the author proposes a general framework of action for private companies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conducting business in the UAE: A brief for international managers
Authors: Akoum Ibrahim F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe United Arab Emirates is a rising business star that has swiftly emerged as a key business and political player in the region. The continuing influx of international business giants epitomizes the country's resounding success in nurturing its reputation as a centre of business opportunity. Success and growth, however, has had concomitant adverse effects. Thus, the flip side of the booming economy has been disconcerting demographic imbalances and inflationary pressures, raising the cost of doing business and eroding the competitiveness of the fledgling economy. Overall, the UAE offers an enticing business environment with a liberal lifestyle and ample business opportunities apart from the hydrocarbon sector. Foreign businesses have opportunities in various sectors including financial and trade services, tourism, entertainment, construction, manufacturing, education, and health services. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accidental Nd:YAG laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Ying Howard S. , Symons Robert C.A. , Lin Kristie L. , Solomon Sharon D. , Gehlbach Peter L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThere are few reports in the literature to describe the natural history of an occupational Nd:YAG laser‐induced retinal injury.MethodsThe chronological response to a Nd:YAG laser‐induced injury was studied in a 48‐year‐old male using the techniques of color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. When he developed choroidal neovascularization his response to photodynamic therapy with verteporfin was recorded.ResultsThe patient initially developed a macular hole, which spontaneously closed. Three months after the injury a choroidal neovascular membrane developed. This stabilized after the use of photodynamic therapy.ConclusionsSurgical closure of Nd:YAG induced macular holes should be delayed to allow spontaneous closure. Photodynamic therapy was successful in treating choroidal neovascularization in this case. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:240–242, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychogenic propriospinal myoclonus
Authors: Williams David R. , Cowey Max , Tuck Kate , Day Bruce 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report a case of probable psychogenic propriospinal myoclonus (PSM) in a patient who developed a sudden onset of disabling axial flexor myoclonus following a cosmetic surgical procedure. The electrophysiological findings were consistent with previous reports of PSM. Spontaneous remissions and disappearance of the jerks, sustained for 2 years, following removal of superficial surgical screws support the diagnosis of a psychogenic movement disorder. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society