bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of clinical, MRI and multimodality evoked potentials in neurologic Wilson disease
Authors: Das M. , Misra U. K. , Kalita J. 
Published: April 2007

The aims of this study were evaluate motor, somatosensory, visual and auditory brainstem evoked potential (MEP, SEP, VEP, ABER) changes in Wilson disease (WD) and correlate these with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings.Neurologic WD diagnosed on the basis of clinical, ceruloplasmin and Kayser–Fleischer ring were evaluated including pedigree charting, hepatic, renal, hematologic and osteoarticular manifestations. Blood counts, serum chemistry, MRI, MEP to tibialis anterior, tibial SEP, VEP and ABER were performed. Evoked potential (EP) changes were correlated with clinical and MRI findings.Eighteen WD patients were recruited from 17 families whose mean age was 16 years. Movement disorders were present in 14, cognitive decline in 12 and pyramidal signs in 12 patients. MRI revealed involvement of basal ganglia in 80%, thalamus in 40%, brain stem in 46.7% and subcortical white matter in 53.3%. MEP was abnormal in 35.7%, SEP in 30.8%, VEP in 57% and ABER in 61.5% patients; the latter three EP changes were subclinical. Frequency and number of EP abnormalities were higher with increasing severity of illness.SEP, VEP and ABER reveals subclinical abnormality and MEP helps in documenting both clinical and subclinical abnormalities. Number of EP abnormalities increases with increasing clinical severity of WD.
Use of proteomics for the identification of novel drug targets in brain diseases
Authors: Morón Jose A. , Devi Lakshmi A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn spite of the rapid advances in the development of the new proteomic technologies, there are, to date, relatively fewer studies aiming to explore the neuronal proteome. One of the reasons is the complexity of the brain, which presents high cellular heterogeneity and a unique subcellular compartmentalization. Therefore, tissue fractionation of the brain to enrich proteins of interest will reduce the complexity of the proteomics approach leading to the production of manageable and meaningful results. In this review, general considerations and strategies of proteomics, the advantages and challenges to exploring the neuronal proteome are described and summarized. In addition, this article presents an overview of recent advances of proteomic technologies and shows that proteomics can serve as a valuable tool to globally explore the changes in brain proteome during various disease states. Understanding the molecular basis of brain function will be extremely useful in identifying novel targets for the treatment of brain diseases.
Treatment with IFNαin vivo up‐regulates serum‐soluble TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL) levels and TRAIL mRNA expressions in neutrophils in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients
Authors: Tanaka Hideo , Ito Takuo , Kyo Taiichi , Kimura Akiro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an interferon α (IFNα)‐induced, apoptosis‐inducing molecule. TRAIL could be one of the reagents for therapeutic use in combination with imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here we examined serum‐soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) levels in CML patients either before or during therapies with IFNα or imatinib. In untreated CML patients, serum sTRAIL was detectable and the levels were substantially comparable with those in healthy donors. sTRAIL levels significantly increased in patients during IFNα therapy, but not at all in patients during imatinib therapy. TRAIL mRNA expressions in neutrophils in CML patients undergoing IFNα therapy was significantly elevated when compared with those in patients prior to therapy. TRAIL mRNA expressions were also detectable in CD34‐positive cells in bone marrow, and the levels increased in patients during IFNα therapy. In vitro IFNα stimulation of CML neutrophils increased intracellular TRAIL rather than cell‐surface TRAIL, and the secretion of sTRAIL in the culture supernatant was observed. This sTRAIL secretion was augmented with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation only in IFNα‐primed neutrophils, whereas LPS alone had no effect. Taken together, in vivo IFNα treatment provokes the release of sTRAIL when administered systematically in CML patients. The main source of the IFNα‐induced serum sTRAIL may be neutrophils in CML, and sTRAIL may be one of the mechanisms of the anti‐proliferative action of IFNα on CML. These findings give another rationale for the use of IFNα or recombinant sTRAIL in CML, and also implicate the potential importance of neutrophils in tumor immunosurveillance.
Implant Stability Measurements Using Resonance Frequency Analysis in the Grafted Maxilla: A Cross‐Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Rasmusson Lars , Stegersjö Göran , Kahnberg Karl‐Erik , Sennerby Lars 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: High failure rates have been presented for implants placed in grafted bone. The bone graft‐implant interface constitutes a most complex healing situation, where the time scale for osseointegration and development of implant stability currently is not known. Purpose: The aim of the study was to measure the stability of implants placed in grafted bone after various follow‐up periods. Methods: Implant stability measurements by means of resonance frequency analysis were performed in 10 patients previously treated with a Le Fort I osteotomy and interpositional bone grafts. The implants were placed 3 to 4 months after the grafting procedure. Sixty‐seven Brånemark implants were subjected to resonance frequency analysis measurements at fixture placement and up to 5.5 years after implant surgery. Periapical radiographs were used for assessment of marginal bone levels. Results: The radiographic examinations showed marginal bone loss with time during the 5.5‐year follow‐up. The resonance frequencies varied from 5860 to 8440 Hz. When accounting for abutment length and marginal bone level, there was a tendency of increasing resonance frequency with time. Two implants with low resonance frequencies failed during the prosthetic phase. Conclusion: The results indicate an increased implant stability with time, which may reflect bone formation, remodeling, and maturation at the implant interface.
On Cutting Torque Measurements during Implant Placement: A 3‐Year Clinical Prospective Study
Authors: Friberg Bertil , Sennerby Lars , Gröndahl Kerstin , Bergström Christina , Bäck Thomas , Lekholm Ulf 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Evaluation of jaw bone quality at implant placement is mainly based on preoperative radiographic assessments and subjective hand registrations during implant site preparation. An objective technique with cutting torque measurements has been introduced, presenting an objective bone quality or bone hardness value of individual implant sites. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cutting torque measurements during implant placement and to compare these values in different regions in mandibles and maxillae. The objective was to identify implants at risk for failing at implant placement. Material and Methods: Cutting torque measurements were performed during placement of Mk II self‐tapping implants (Brånemark System TM) in 105 patients, comprising 72 edentulous (40 maxillae) and 34 partially edentulous (22 maxillae) jaws. A total of 523 implants were inserted, of which 420 were of the Mk II design and of which 412 were subjected to cutting torque measurements. Statistical analyses were performed by comparing cutting torque values of maxillae and mandibles and of different jaw regions. Cutting torque values were also correlated with radiographically and clinically assessed bone quality scores. Patients were followed clinically for a minimum of 3 years. Results: A statistically significant difference in cutting torque values of maxillae and mandibles was seen, although not when comparing anterior and posterior regions within the same jaws or of different jaws. Significant correlations were found between values of cutting torque and bone quality. The majority of failures were seen in bone of medium to high density, whereas implants inserted in bone of poor density presented a better outcome, perhaps due to an adapted surgical protocol and an extended healing period. The overall implant survival rate at 3 years was 95%, and when analyzing different jaw categories, survival rates of 92.0% and 99.4% were seen for edentulous maxillae and mandibles, respectively. The corresponding figures for partially edentulous jaws were 95.4% and 97.6%. Conclusion: It was not possible to identify sites at risk for future implant losses or to determine a lower limit value of cutting torque in order to achieve successful implant integration.
Implant Treatment of Posterior Mandibular Sextants
Authors: Martinez Henry , Davarpanah Mithridade , Celletti Renato , Missika Patrick 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTIn mandibular posterior sextants an insufficient bone quality or volume may contraindicate implant placement. Crestal bone resorption, supra‐eruption of teeth, and minimal bone coronal to the mandibular canal are the principal reasons for not placing dental implants. The available prosthetic space is also a major factor in determining surgical and prosthetic treatment. Various surgical approaches are used to create adequate bone volume in the posterior mandible, thereby allowing the possibility for implant placement. The therapeutic choice is made depending upon residual bone volume and available prosthetic space. The risks and disadvantages of the various techniques must be seriously evaluated and explained to the patient.
Nonsubmerged Implants in the Treatment of the Edentulous Upper Jaw: A Prospective Clinical and Radiographic Study of ITI Implants—Results after 1 Year
Authors: Åstrand Per , Anzén Bengt , Karlsson Ulf , Sahlholm Sten , Svärdström Pia , Hellem Sölve 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:A new generation of ITI implants, including a hollow cylinder, a hollow screw, and a solid screw, was described in 1988. Currently, the solid screw is the main alternative.Purpose:The aim of this study was to gain further clinical documentation of ITI solid‐screw implants used in the edentulous upper jaw. This is a report 1 year after loading.Materials and Methods:Twenty‐eight patients with edentulous upper jaws (mean age, 57 yr) were supplied with four to eight ITI solid‐screw implants in the upper jaw. In total, 167 implants (3.3 and 4.1 mm in diameter) were inserted. The implants were loaded about 7 months postoperatively. All patients were supplied with fixed screw‐retained bridges.Results:Twelve implants failed: 10 prior to loading and 2 after. Overall implant survival rate was 92.8%. Three of the five patients with implant loss were smokers. Signs of peri‐implantitis were found in seven patients, affecting 12 implants. Mean marginal bone level at the loading of the implants (7 months after insertion) was situated 4.7 mm from the reference point of the implant. There was no significant change between loading and the 1‐year examination. However, at several implants, the bone level at baseline was situated far apical of the reference point, indicating a bone loss before loading.Conclusions:The ITI screw implants, used in the edentulous upper jaw, had a survival rate of 92.8%. Mean bone loss between loading and the 1‐year examination was 0.1 mm. Some implants had a bone level indicating a significant bone loss before loading. Peri‐implantitis was found at about 7.2% of the implants inserted and at 25% of the failing implants.
Histopathologic Observations on Late Oral Implant Failures
Authors: Esposito Marco , Thomsen Peter , Ericson Lars E. , Sennerby Lars , Lekholm Ulf 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Despite good success rates of osseointegrated oral implants, failures do occur. To minimize losses, failure mechanisms should be elucidated. Purpose: This study sought to describe the morphology of tissues surrounding late failed Brånemark implants in relation to their clinical and radiographic findings to acquire a better understanding of the etiologic factors. Material and Methods: Ten failed implants and their surrounding tissues were consecutively retrieved from nine patients after prosthesis placement (late losses). On radiographs, a radiolucent line was visible around nine clinically mobile implants. Tightening of the abutment screw evoked pain at seven mobile implants. Clinically, no other visual inflammatory sign or symptom was manifest. A fistula originated from one stable implant, surrounded on radiographs by a diffuse bone rarefaction. Retrieved implants were electrochemically dissolved. Intact tissue‐implant thin (1 μm) and ultrathin (70–80 nm) sections were analyzed with light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Peri‐implant marginal tissues displayed moderate inflammatory infiltrates located adjacent to and beneath the junctional epithelium. One patient affected by oral lichen planus displayed an intense lymphocyte/plasma cell‐dominated immune reaction. Deep peri‐implant tissues surrounding mobile implants consisted of a dense, fibrous tissue capsule with minimal inflammation. Epithelial downgrowth was observed around four implants. Small areas of nonmineralized bone in contact with the implant were noticed in the apical portion of two implants. One implant was almost entirely colonized by bacterial plaque with the exception of its apical portion, where bone‐implant contact was observed. The stable implant was characterized by bone‐implant contact. Conclusion: Altogether clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings indicated that two major etiologic factors might have been implicated in the failure process of the investigated implants: excessive occlusal load in relation to the bone‐supporting capacity and, in two cases, infection.
Hydroxyapatite Granule/Carrier Composites Promote New Bone Formation in Cortical Defects
Authors: Liljensten Elisabeth L. , Attaelmanan Atta G. , Larsson Cecilia , Ljusberg‐Wahren Helena , Danielsen Nils , Hirsch Jan‐Michaél , Thomsen Peter 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: A great deal of interest has been focused on finding substitutes for autogenous bone grafts. Among the most interesting materials are different calcium phosphate compositions (e.g., hydroxyapatite [HA]), due to their biocompatible properties in hard and soft tissue. Purpose: The bone response to porous ceramic HA granules in combination with two lipid and one polysaccharide carrier was evaluated in an experimental bone defect model in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Circular defects (Ø 4 mm) were made in both tibias of 32 rabbits. The 64 defects were divided into four groups. Group A was augmented with a composite of HA granules and a phospholipid‐diacetyl‐glycerol carrier, group B with HA granules and a phospholipid carrier, group C received HA granules and a sodium hyaluronan carrier, and group D served as control. The animals were killed after 6 weeks annd ground sections were evaluated using light microscopic morphometry. X‐ray microfluorescence (XRF) was applied in order to evaluate the suitability of this method to examine bone‐biomaterial interfaces. Calcium distribution was studied using x‐ray fluorescence line scans at selected interface regions of two sections in group B. Results: The HA/phospholipid composites were easier to shape and handle than the HA/hyaluronan composite. Group A had 36% newly formed bone area within the defect. Groups B and C showed significantly more newly formed bone within the defect (47% and 49%, respectively) compared to the control group (31%). The XRF analysis revealed that the amount of calcium in the newly formed bone was similar to that observed for the HA granules and slightly lower when compared to the mature, lamellar bone. Conclusions: Synchrotron radiation may be a new, suitable technique to study the interface between bone and bio‐materials with regard to mineral content. The results suggest that HA granule/lipid and HA granule/hyaluronan composites have interesting properties as bone‐substitute materials.
Early Functional Loading of Brånemark Dental Implants: 5‐Year Clinical Follow‐up Study
Authors: Ericsson Ingvar , Randow Kjell , Nilner Krister , Peterson Arne 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Short‐term clinical studies have indicated the possibility of one‐stage surgery and early loading of machined titanium implants. However, long‐term data comparing the outcome to the conventional two‐stage technique are missing. Purpose: A clinical and radiographic study was performed to compare the outcome of oral rehabilitation of the endentulous mandible by fixed suprastructures connected to implants installed according to either (1) a one‐stage surgical procedure and early loading (experimental group ‐ EG) or (2) the original two‐stage concept (reference group ‐ RG). The EG and RG comprised 16 and 11 subjects, respectively. Materials and Methods: The following specific inclusion criterion were adopted: (1) all patients had to consider themselves to be in good general health, (2) the amount of bone had to enable the installation of five to six, at least 10‐mm long fixtures (Mk II fixtures; Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) between the mental foramina, and (3) the patients had to be available for the follow‐up and maintenance program. A total of 88 implants were placed in the EG compared to 30 in the RG. In the EG, fixed appliances were connected to the implants within 20 days following implant installation while the fixed appliances in the RG were connected about 4 months following fixture installation. At delivery of the suprastructures, all patients were radiographically examined, an examination that was repeated at the 18‐ and 60‐month follow‐ups. Results: The analysis of the radiographs from the EG disclosed that during the observation period, between 18 and 60 months, the mean loss of bone support amounted to 0.2 mm (SD = 0.4). The corresponding value observed in the RG was 0.0 mm (SD = 0.5). During the 60‐month observation period, no fixture was lost in any of the two groups examined. The implants under study as well as those in the reference material were at all observation intervals found to be clinically stable. Conclusions: This clinical study demonstrated that it is, at least based on a 5‐year observation period, possible to successfully load via a permanent fixed rigid cross‐arch suprastructure titanium dental implants soon after installation. However, such a treatment approach has to be strictly limited to the interforamina area of the endentulous mandible. Furthermore, the bone resorption was found to be within the same range around such implants as around implants installed and loaded according to the original two‐stage protocal.
Immediate and Delayed Implant Placement Into Extraction Sockets: A 5‐Year Report
Authors: Polizzi Giovanni , Grunder Ueli , Goené Ronnie , Hatano Naoki , Henry Patrick , Jackson William J. , Kawamura Kunio , Renouard Franck , Rosenberg Ruben , Triplett Gilbert , Werbitt Marvin , Lithner Berit 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: As a complement to the earlier reported 3‐year results from a prospective multicenter study of immediate and delayed placement of implants into fresh extraction sockets, the 5‐year results are reported. Purpose: The purpose of this 5‐year report was to evaluate the immediate and long‐term success of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets, with respect to implant size and type, bone quality and quantity, implant position, initial socket depth, and reason for tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: This paper presents the 5‐year results of the original 12 centers that participated with 143 consecutively included patients. A total of 264 implants were placed either immediately after tooth extraction or after a short soft‐tissue healing time (3–5 weeks). The patients were divided into five subgroups, depending on the type of insertion method used. Results: The outcome demonstrated that the cumulative implant survival rate after 5 years of loading has not changed and remains 92.4% in the maxilla and 94.7% in the mandible. No difference in failure rates can be seen between the groups when relating the failures to insertion method. Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated that placing Brånemark implants into fresh extraction sites can be successful over a period of 5 years of loading. One of the outcomes of the study shows that there is a clinical correlation between implant failure and periodontitis as a reason for tooth extraction, even if it is difficult to give it a casual association. It can be hypothesized that periodontitis affected tissues might have a negative local influence because of the presence of infrabony defects that could possibly increase the gap between bone and implant or jeopardize achievement of primary stability.
Factors Affecting Late Fixture Loss and Marginal Bone Loss Around Teeth and Dental Implants
Authors: Hultin Margareta , Fischer Juhani , Gustafsson Anders , Kallus Thomas , Klinge Bjôrn 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: The predictability and high success rate of implant treatment have averted attention from factors affecting fixture loss and bone loss around implants. Purpose: The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate late fixture loss and marginal bone loss around implants that have been in function for 5 years and to relate these findings to bone loss in the natural dentition. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty‐three consecutively treated patients who had received an implantanchored fixed prosthesis and completed a 5‐year follow‐up were selected. Intraoral and panoramic radiographs were used to assess bone loss. Results: The bone loss was greater around remaining implants in patients who had lost implants after loading. No correlation was found between bone loss around implants and that around teeth. Only 2% of the fixtures were lost during 5 years of functional load. Most fixture losses occurred in the edentulous maxilla. Seven of the nine patients who lost fixtures were smokers. Conclusion: These findings show that patients who lost implants also lost more bone around the remaining implants. There was no correlation between bone loss around implants and that around teeth, indicating that different interacting mechanisms are involved.