bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using lessons learned from a multidecadal intercept survey of Puerto Rico spear fishers to improve data collection in the U.S. Caribbean
Authors: Coffill-Rivera Manuel E. , Neal J. Wesley , Rodríguez-Ferrer Grisel , Lilyestrom Craig G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Spearfishing is a common activity used to harvest coastal marine species worldwide and can be a significant contributor to landings of ecologically and economically relevant species. As such, it is important to monitor spearfishing catch and effort. Spearfishing is commonly practiced throughout the Caribbean, yet characteristics of this gear's fishery remain understudied in the region. Thus, the objectives of this study were to provide a description of the Puerto Rico spearfishing fishery utilizing a long-term MRIP APAIS data set, examine the data set quality of this survey, and provide suggestions to improve MRIP implementation in the U.S. Caribbean.

Methods
We described the Puerto Rico recreational spearfishing fishery using a multidecadal (2000–2015) Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) Access Point Angler Intercept Survey conducted along the coast of Puerto Rico and surrounding territories. Data issues were identified in the survey results, including possible errors in measurement and identification; therefore, we limited analyses to species composition, enumeration, and mean catch rates.

Result
There were 89 species identified, with snappers (family Lutjanidae) being the most encountered family. Other economically relevant finfish frequently reported were Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus (n = 121), Queen Triggerfish Balistes vetula (n = 115), and Red Hind Epinephelus guttatus (n = 90). Multiple reef fishes were landed during their spawning season, while prohibited by seasonal closures. Further, spearfishing accounted for 25.8% of the total harvest throughout the study period.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that spearfishing could be a considerable contributor to finfish landings in Puerto Rico, warranting its continued and improved monitoring in the region. Further, modifications in the design of fisheries surveys are warranted. We suggest increasing the allocation of resources, training, data quality assurance and quality control, and funding for the MRIP to maximize the accuracy of data obtained and meet MRIP U.S. Caribbean priorities. Implementation of a recreational fishing license would assist by creating a registry to monitor total recreational fishing effort and by generating funds to supplement the MRIP. The use of electronic reporting can help mitigate discrepancies with species identification and size measurements and enhance overall recreational fisheries data collection.
What are Internal medicine residents' attitudes toward obesity as a disease, people living with obesity, and obesity treatment?
Authors: Chae Kacey , German Jashalynn , Kendrick Karla , Tackett Sean , O’Rourke Paul , Gudzune Kimberly A. , Laudenslager Marci 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveDespite the rising prevalence of people living with obesity, physicians are providing suboptimal care to these individuals, which may be a consequence of inadequate education in weight management and negative attitudes toward people living with obesity. Internal Medicine (IM) residency is an ideal setting to address physicians' attitudes toward people living with obesity. However, there is a paucity of recent literature on this topic. This study sought to assess the current attitudes of IM residents toward obesity as a disease, people living with obesity, and obesity treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2020 across two IM programs assessing residents' attitudes toward obesity as a disease, people living with obesity, and obesity treatment.RESULTSAmong 42 residents who participated in the survey, 64% were women; 31 percent were Post Graduate Year 1, 31% PGY‐2, and 38% PGY‐3. Mean attitude scores were high on statements regarding obesity as a chronic disease [4.7 (SD 0.4)] and its association with serious medical conditions [4.9 (SD 0.3)]. Residents had overall positive attitudes toward people living with obesity. In contrast, residents felt negatively regarding their level of success in helping patients lose weight [2.0 (SD 0.7)].CONCLUSIONSWhile residents recognized obesity as a chronic disease and had positive attitudes toward people living with obesity, their low ratings regarding weight management success suggest that targeted educational efforts are needed to increase obesity treatment self‐efficacy.
Implementation of a light therapy team to administer photobiomodulation therapy: A standardized protocol to prevent and treat oral mucositis in the pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant population
Authors: Magee Kathleen , Robins Jenell , Staton Sharon , Llaurador Gabriella , Stevens Alexandra M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is a painful and common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The Children's Oncology Group recently published guidelines recommending photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and treating OM in pediatric HSCT patients. However, this is a rarely used intervention in pediatric hospitals.ProcedurePatients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, or autologous HSCT for a neuroblastoma diagnosis, had PBM administered from the first day of conditioning to transplant Day +20. We successfully developed a standardized treatment protocol and workflow to ensure consistent and uniform delivery of PBM. In addition, clinical patient data were compared before and after PBM implementation.ResultsThe administration of PBM at our center was feasible, but required dedicated staff. A registered nurse (RN) was determined to be the best fit to deliver PBM. Sixty‐two patients received PBM from October 2022 to September 2023; patients from 2021 before PBM implementation were used for comparison. Patients receiving PBM were more likely (p = .03) to engage in teeth brushing (56/62 = 90%) compared to baseline (61/81 = 75%). Mean days of OM decreased from 11.3 to 9 days; patients who received PBM were less likely (p < .001) to be discharged on total parental nutrition (TPN) (11/62 = 18%) compared to baseline (50/82 = 61%). OM‐related supportive care costs (TPN and patient‐controlled anesthesia [PCA]) were lower (p = .02) for those who received PBM (median cost = $31,229.87 vs. $37,370.66).ConclusionPBM, as the standard of care in the pediatric HSCT population, is safe, feasible, and well‐tolerated. At our center, a dedicated RN was critical to providing standardized treatment and ensuring sustainability.
Promising natural products targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 for cancer therapy
Authors: Lu Jiani , Yu Danmei , Li Hongtao , Qin Pengcheng , Chen Hongzhuan , Chen Lili 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of Src homology‐2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) inhibitors is a hot spot in the research and development of antitumor drugs, which may induce immunomodulatory effects in the tumor microenvironment and participate in anti‐tumor immune responses. To date, several SHP2 inhibitors have made remarkable progress and entered clinical trials for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. Multiple compounds derived from natural products have been proved to influence tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and other cellular functions, modulate cell cycle and immune cell activation by regulating the function of SHP2 and its mutants. However, there is a paucity of information about their diversity, biochemistry, and therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2 in tumors. This review will provide the structure, classification, inhibitory activities, experimental models, and antitumor effects of the natural products. Notably, this review summarizes recent advance in the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of natural products targeting SHP2 in inhibiting the various signaling pathways that regulate different cancers and thus pave the way for further development of anticancer drugs targeting SHP2.
Generalized eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux formulation for the parametrization of atmospheric convection and turbulence
Authors: Vraciu Cristian V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe atmospheric convection is a phenomenon that has a length scale smaller than the resolution at which the state‐of‐the‐art general circulation numerical models are running, and thus the convection needs to be parametrized. In this work, a theoretical formulation for the parametrization of subgrid‐scale convection based on subgrid averaging that represents a generalized eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux formulation is presented. The subgrid fluxes are derived by considering a decomposition of subgrid variables into convective and turbulent variables, and by assuming that the convection is modeled by round convective plumes with generic radial profiles. The main difference between our formulation and the mass‐flux formulations is that the condition of a very small fractional area occupied by the convection is replaced with the condition that the convective vertical velocity goes to the mean state far from the updraft region of the plume. The plume model can also be generalized by considering that the convective elements are energy‐consistent plumes, governed by the conservation of mass, momentum, kinetic energy, and buoyancy, which provides a physical‐based closure for the entrainment. Therefore, the closing problem of our formulation consists of the specification of the convective radial profiles and the boundary conditions at the initial vertical level. Furthermore, our formulation allows one to consider more realistic profiles for the convective variables, making the formulation suitable for the parametrization of atmospheric convection at the convective gray zone. This aspect is discussed in the last part of this work, where it is showed how the formulation can be implemented at any resolution. Moreover, in the present framework, no distinct assumptions are required for each convective type, thus facilitating the parametrization of convection in a unified way.
A moist‐thermal quasi‐geostrophic model for monsoon depressions
Authors: Chaudhri A. K. , Byrne M. P. , Scott R. K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonsoon depressions (MDs) are synoptic‐scale storms that occur during the summer phase of the global monsoon cycle and whose dynamical mechanisms remain incompletely understood. To gain insight into the dynamics governing the large‐scale structure of MDs, we formulate an idealised moist‐thermal quasi‐geostrophic model that includes distinct thermal and moisture fields in simple forms. A linear‐stability analysis of the model, with basic states corresponding to typical monsoon conditions, shows three distinct mode classifications: thermal‐Rossby modes, heavy precipitating modes, and a moist‐thermal mode. In the linearised model, the presence of a background precipitation gradient strengthens thermal‐Rossby modes by coupling the dynamics to latent heating. The separation of heavy precipitating modes from fast‐propagating thermal‐Rossby modes is further examined with numerical experiments of large‐amplitude MDs. Wind‐induced evaporation is found to amplify large‐amplitude MDs in conditions analogous to those over the northern Bay of Bengal. An energetic analysis shows the pathways by which the MDs derive energy from the background state. A further series of experiments through a continuum of meridional temperature gradients demonstrates the sensitivity of large‐scale MD dynamics to the background state and suggests a possible mechanism to explain variations in the propagation direction of MDs.
Resonant Raman Scattering Study of Strain and Defects in Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown MoS2 Monolayers
Authors: Gontijo Rafael N. , Bunker Nathaniel , Graiser Samarra L. , Ding Xintong , Smeu Manuel , Elías Ana Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of bottom‐up synthesis routes for semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and the assessment of their defects are of paramount importance to achieve their applications. TMD monolayers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be subjected to significant strain and, here, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies are combined to characterize strain in over one hundred MoS2 monolayer samples grown by CVD. The frequency changes of phonons as a function of strain are analyzed, and used to extract the Grüneisen parameter of both zone‐center and edge phonons. Additionally, the intensity of the defect‐induced longitudinal acoustic (LA) and transverse acoustic (TA) Raman bands are discussed in relation to strain and electronic doping. The experimental mode‐Grüneisen parameters obtained are compared with those calculated by density functional theory (DFT), to better characterize the type of strain and its resulting effects on Grüneisen parameters. The findings indicate that the use of Raman spectra to determine defect densities in 2D MoS2 must be always conducted considering strain effects. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work constitutes the first report on double resonance Raman processes studied as a function of strain in 2D‐MoS2. The new approach to obtain the Grüneisen parameter from zone‐edge phonons in MoS2 can also be extended to other 2D semiconducting TMDs.
Pachymic acid activates TP53INP2/TRAF6/caspase‐8 pathway to promote apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Li Xunjia , He An , Liu Chengxuan , Li Ying , Luo Yan , Xiong Weijian , Nian Weiqi , Zuo Deyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile pachymic acid (PA), a key component of Poria cocos (Schw.), has demonstrated anti‐tumor effects in lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers, its impact on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. This study evaluated the effect of PA on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in human renal cancer A498 and ACHN cells as well as in cancer xenograft mice using wound scratch test, Western blotting, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays. In a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, PA exhibited significant inhibition of RCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, PA upregulated the expression of tumor protein p53‐inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) and tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which were downregulated in renal papillary and chromophobe carcinoma, resulting in inhibited tumor growth in mice. PA treatment elevated cleaved‐caspase 3 and 8, and PARP levels, and facilitated TP53INP2 and TRAF6 binding to caspase 8, promoting its ubiquitination. Molecular docking revealed interactions between PA and TP53INP2, TRAF6. In summary, PA inhibits RCC development by upregulating TP53INP2 and promoting TRAF6‐induced caspase 8 ubiquitination, activating apoptotic pathways.
Einleitung
Authors: Albrecht Joanna , Hüning Nadine 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungGesellschaftliche Teilhabe bedeutet laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation [WHO] „das Einbezogensein in eine Lebenssituation“. Die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention [UN-BRK] und das Gesetz zur Stärkung der Teilhabe und Selbstbestimmung von Menschen mit Behinderungen [BTHG] sichern Menschen mit einer Beeinträchtigung [MB] umfängliche Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben zu. Dazu gehört die aktive Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen und sozialen Leben, die Mitgestaltung sozialer und gesellschaftlicher Prozesse sowie die aktive und möglichst selbstständige Gestaltung des eigenen Lebens. Für das Individuum bedeutet dies, einerseits über Teilhabemöglichkeiten zu verfügen und andererseits diese Möglichkeiten aktiv zu nutzen.
Menschen mit einer geistigen Beeinträchtigung
Authors: Albrecht Joanna , Hüning Nadine 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung„Niemand darf wegen seiner Behinderung benachteiligt werden“. Diese Formulierung ist eindeutig, jedoch hängt die Beurteilung einer behinderungsbezogenen Benachteiligung unter anderem von dem Verständnis des gesellschaftlich verankerten Behinderungsbegriffs ab. Dieses Verständnis hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten im deutschsprachigen Raum verändert.
Robot revolution and human capital accumulation: implications for growth and labour income
Authors: Le Thanh , Nguyen Huong Quynh , Vu Mai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe develop a model of endogenous growth with automation to study the impact of industrial robots on growth and labour income. We incorporate human capital accumulation into that framework to examine the role of human capital in sustaining growth without displacing low-skilled labour. While automation replaces low-skilled labour with industrial robots in conducting routine tasks, horizontal innovation creates new varieties in which low-skilled labour has an employment advantage. Labour-augmenting technology takes place to improve productivity of low-skilled labour. As such, those latter types of innovation help counterbalance the adverse effect of automation on low-skilled labour. Human capital, the essential production factor that takes part in every economic activity, including conducting non-routine tasks, accumulates over time through education and training. We show that there exists a long-run equilibrium at which either robots or low-skilled workers are employed, together with human capital, to produce varieties. In the fully endogenous model, final output grows at the rate of human capital accumulation. An improvement in the quality of education and training leads to an acceleration of both automation and variety expansion, but not human capital growth. Our numerical exercise indicates that a permanent increase in automation entails a permanent impact on the range of automated varieties, long-run output level and human capital wage. The shock lowers long-run growth and low-skilled workers’ wage and their effective income share. However, it has no effect on the effective income share of human capital.
Sampling of microplastics at a materials recovery facility
Authors: Lindstrom Abigail P. , Conny Joseph M. , Ortiz-Montalvo Diana L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract Detecting, separating, and characterizing airborne microplastics from other airborne particulates is currently challenging due to the various instrumental constraints and related sample preparation hurdles that must be overcome. The ability to measure these real-world environments is needed to better assess the risks associated with microplastics. To that end, the current study focused on developing a methodology for sampling and characterizing airborne microplastics. Particulate sampling was carried out at a municipal materials recovery facility near a conveyer belt containing sorted plastic materials to collect airborne environmental particles on filters. Nucleopore filters were mounted on Teflon support rings, coated with 100 nm aluminum to reduce the background signal for micro-Raman spectroscopy, and marked with a fiducial pattern using a laser engraver. The fiducial pattern was crucial in identifying samples, relocating particles, and efficiently enabling orthogonal measurements on the same samples. Optimum sampling conditions of 2 h at 25 L/min were determined using light microscopy to evaluate the particle loadings. The filters were then cut into slices which were attached to sections of thin beryllium-copper sheeting for easy transfer of the filter between microscopy platforms. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify carbon-rich particles. Light microscopy was used to identify colored particles which were also carbon-rich which were then analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy to identify specific polymers.
Handling of problematic ion chromatograms with the Automated Target Screening (ATS) workflow for unsupervised analysis of high-resolution mass spectrometry data
Authors: Braun Georg , Krauss Martin , Spahr Stephanie , Escher Beate I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a versatile analytical method for the analysis of thousands of chemical pollutants that can be found in environmental and biological samples. While the tools for handling such complex datasets have improved, there are still no fully automated workflows for targeted screening analysis. Here we present an R-based workflow that is able to cope with challenging data like noisy ion chromatograms, retention time shifts, and multiple peak patterns. The workflow can be applied to batches of HRMS data recorded after GC with electron ionization (GC-EI) and LC coupled to electrospray ionization in both negative and positive mode (LC-ESIneg/LC-ESIpos) to perform peak annotation and quantitation fully unsupervised. We used Orbitrap HRMS data of surface water extracts to compare the Automated Target Screening (ATS) workflow with data evaluations performed with the vendor software TraceFinder and the established semi-automated analysis workflow in the MZmine software. The ATS approach increased the overall evaluation performance of the peak annotation compared to the established MZmine module without the need for any post-hoc corrections. The overall accuracy increased from 0.80 to 0.86 (LC-ESIpos), from 0.77 to 0.83 (LC-ESIneg), and from 0.67 to 0.76 (GC-EI). The mean average percentage errors for quantification of ATS were around 30% compared to the manual quantification with TraceFinder. The ATS workflow enables time-efficient analysis of GC- and LC-HRMS data and accelerates and improves the applicability of target screening in studies with a large number of analytes and sample sizes without the need for manual intervention.Graphical Abstract
Soccer (football) and brain health
Authors: Pensato Umberto , Cortelli Pietro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide, played by over 270 million people and followed by many more. Several brain health benefits are promoted by practising soccer and physical exercise at large, which helps contrast the cognitive decline associated with ageing by enhancing neurogenesis processes. However, sport-related concussions have been increasingly recognised as a pressing public health concern, not only due to their acute impact but also, more importantly, due to mounting evidence indicating an elevated risk for the development of neurological sequelae following recurrent head traumas, especially chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). While soccer players experience less frequent concussions compared with other contact or combat sports, such as American football or boxing, it stands alone in its purposeful use of the head to hit the ball (headings), setting its players apart as the only athletes exposed to intentional, sub-concussive head impacts. Additionally, an association between soccer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been consistently observed, suggesting a potential “soccer-specific” risk factor. In this review, we discuss the neurological sequelae related to soccer playing, the emerging evidence of a detrimental effect related to recurrent headings, and the need for implementation of comprehensive strategies aimed at preventing and managing the burden of head impact in soccer.