bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Non-)retours à l’Église gréco-catholique roumaine, entre adhésion et transmission religieuse
Authors: Mahieu Stephanie 
Published: December 2006

English The author analyses the individual and collective motives which have pushed some of the Greek-Catholics to join their former Church since 1989. The Romanian Greek-Catholic Church, founded in 1687, was outlawed by the communist party between 1948 and 1989. After it became legal again, the Church tried to reorganize itself. The author analyses such a return, in the light of the notions of conversion, membership and of religious transmission, and proposes to take the factor of the uniqueness of God into account, as it allows to complement the analyses in terms of religious identity and of “religious marketplace”. French L'auteure analyse les motifs à la fois individuels et collectifs qui ont poussé une partie des fidèles gréco-catholiques à rejoindre leur ancienne Église après 1989. L'Église gréco-catholique roumaine, fondée en 1697, a été mise hors-la-loi par le pouvoir communiste entre 1948 et 1989. Après son retour à la légalité, elle a tenté de se réorganiser. L'auteure analyse un tel retour, à la lumière des notions de conversion, d'adhésion et de transmission religieuse, et propose de prendre en compte le facteur de l'unicité de Dieu, qui permet de compléter les analyses en termes d'identité religieuse et de ``supermarché de la foi''.
The clinical effect of herbal magnetic corsets on lumbar disc herniation
Authors: He Chengqi , Chen Peng , Wang Xiaohong , Ding Mingfu , Lan Qun , Han Mei 
Published: December 2006

Objective: To determine the clinical effects of the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with herbal magnetic corsets. Design: A randomized control trial. Setting: The outpatient and inpatient departments of the Rehabilitation Center of the West China Hospital. Patients: Sixty patients with clinically diagnosed lumbar disc herniation were included in the study. Interventions: Both groups received lumbar traction, medium frequency electrotherapy and massage, whereas the experimental group wore herbal magnetic corsets in addition. Main outcome measures: Pain and lumbar function were assessed before treatment and at one week, two weeks and four weeks after intervention. Results: Both groups reported improvements in pain and lumbar function after treatment (P 0.05 or P 0.001). However, the experimental group reported gradually increasing relief over time leading to a better curative effect than observed in the control group (P 0.05 for visual analogue scale or P 0.001 for lumbar function). Conclusion: Herbal magnetic corsets can facilitate the reduction of pain caused by lumbar disc herniation and can improve lumbar function. This is a safe and effective non-operative therapeutic option for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
Transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring of an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme
Authors: Kouidi Evangelia , Farmakiotis Athanasios , Kouidis Nikolaos , Deligiannis Asterios 
Published: December 2006

Objective: To address whether transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring (TEM) of patients with chronic cardiac diseases, being exercised in public gyms, is safe and efficacious. Design: Data were obtained from 91 patients (72 men and 19 women; with a mean (SD) age of 56 (6) years and over a total of 11 820 exercise hours) with coronary heart disease and/or chronic heart failure (≤ stage III NYHA (New York Heart Association)), who were referred for cardiac exercise rehabilitation (phase III). Method: Twelve-lead electrocardiograms of indicated patients were transmitted from the qualified trainers in real time by standard telephone lines and were evaluated by the medical staff at the base. The TEM kits contain a telemedicine 12-lead electrocardiographic unit, a telephone modem, a computer receiver with special operating software and a laser printer. As soon as the ECG was monitored and diagnosed, the cardiologist contacted the exercise trainer and provided all the necessary instructions for intervention. Results: In total, 280 cases were monitored. Successful TEM was reported in 99.3% of the cases. The mean (SD) time from ECG recordings to final interventions was estimated at 294 (13) s. The patients were referred for TEM during or soon after exercise sessions, because of chest pain (36% of the TEM cases), palpitations (33%), dizziness (12%), unexpected fatigue (9%), hypertensive crises (7%) and other disorders (3%). Ischaemic ECG changes were recorded in 14 cases with thoracic pain and arrhythmias in nine patients with palpitations. In only one case was a medical emergency reported and an ambulance response required. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that TEM provides a workable facility in cardiac rehabilitation for monitoring patients who are exercising in gyms.
Social and sexual relationships of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: a review
Authors: Wiegerink Diana JHG , Roebroeck Marij E , Donkervoort Mireille , Stam Henk J , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T 
Published: December 2006

Objective: To investigate possible barriers to successful social and sexual relationships in adolescents and young adults of normal intelligence with cerebral palsy. Design: A literature review based on a PubMed and PsycINFO search for the period 1990–2003. Included were studies focusing on one or more of the outcome parameters (i.e. social, intimate and sexual relationships) or on associated factors that described relationships with the outcome parameters. Results: Fourteen papers were selected. Two studies investigated exclusively people with cerebral palsy whereas 12 concerned people with a congenital disability and/or physical disabilities, including people with cerebral palsy. All studies addressed adolescents or adults of normal intelligence. A. Social and sexual relationships: In social relationships adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy were less active than their age mates, and dating was often delayed and less frequent. Adolescents with congenital disabilities indicated that sexuality is an important aspect of their lives, but they experienced difficulties developing a sexual relationship. B. Associated factors: Psychological maladjustment, insufficient self-efficacy and low sexual self-esteem may impair the development of social and sexual relationships. Overprotection in raising children with cerebral palsy and the negative attitudes of other people may have a negative influence on the self-efficacy of people with cerebral palsy. Conclusion: The reviewed studies suggest many factors that may influence the development of social and sexual relationships in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy. However, evidence was found only for the personal factors self-efficacy and sexual self-esteem and their interrelationships with the parents' way of raising their children and successful experiences in social situations.
Research with bereaved parents: a question of how not why
Authors: Hynson J L , Aroni R , Bauld C , Sawyer S M 
Published: December 2006

Background: There is tension around the notion of research with bereaved parents. While it is recognised that the care of children with palliative care needs will only improve with better understanding of parent perspectives, the vulnerability of bereaved parents is equally recognised as a challenge to ethical research. An emerging literature suggests that research can be safely and ethically conducted with bereaved families, if performed sensitively. However, little is known about what research processes might enhance ethical research practice in this field. Aim: To explore the impact of the research process on bereaved parents, and to identify what elements enhance the experience of research participation. Methods: This qualitative study used in-depth interview techniques with the bereaved parents of children who had died from a range of conditions. Results: Interviews took place with 69 parents from 45 eligible families (70% of 64 selected eligible families) of children who had died from a range of chronic conditions. All participants considered the timing and nature of the initial approach by the researchers to be appropriate. The experience for parents was reported to be enhanced by the sensitivity of the initial approach. The use of in-depth qualitative interviews promoted parent empowerment through determining both pace and content of interviews. Although the majority of parents primarily chose to participate for altruistic reasons, many described the research process as personally beneficial. Conclusion: Participating in research was viewed positively by these bereaved parents. Careful attention to the research process in terms of timing, approach and the interviewer’s skills were key elements that underpinned a positive experience. The skilled utilisation of in-depth interviewing techniques was perceived to enhance ethical research practice.
QOLLTI-F: measuring family carer quality of life
Authors: Cohen Robin , Leis Anne M , Kuhl David , Charbonneau Cécile , Ritvo Paul , Ashbury Fredrick D. 
Published: December 2006

Background: The primary goal of palliative care is to optimize the quality of life (QOL) of people living with a life-threatening illness and that of their families. While there have been important advances in measurement of the QOL of palliative care patients, little attention has been paid to the QOL of their carers (family caregivers). To develop and deliver the most effective services to these carers, their QOL needs to be measured with acceptable and psychometrically sound instruments that have content validity. Methods: This study reports three phases of the development and testing of such a measure: QOLLTI-F, Quality of Life in Life Threatening Illness -Family Carer Version, simultaneously in English and French. Participants were carers from 12 Canadian palliative care services who were asked to complete QOLLTI-F on three occasions. Results: The final version of QOLLTI-F consists of 16 items. It was deemed acceptable by the vast majority of carers and a longer, 24-item version was completed in a median of 12 min. Content validity was assured by inclusion of all domains reported by carers to be important to their QOL: state of carer, patient wellbeing, quality of care, outlook, environment, finances and relationships. Construct validity was demonstrated, as principal components analysis indicated that the 16 items did indeed reflect these seven domains. Furthermore, the seven domain scores predicted 53% of the variance in global QOL, although the QOLLTI-F Total score predicted less well (43%). The test-retest reliability for the QOLLTI-F Total score was 0.77-0.80 and ranged from 0.50 to 0.79 for the seven domain scores. All QOLLTI-F scores were shown to be significantly different between days the carers considered bad, average and good, demonstrating responsiveness to change, with the exception of the Financial Concerns submeasure, which did not distinguish between average and good days. Conclusions: QOLLTI-F is unique in that in measuring one person’s QOL (the carer’s) it includes their perception of the condition of another (the patient). This attests to the close relationship between the two. It is also unique in that its content is derived from a qualitative study asking carers what is important to their own QOL, rather than focusing on the changes or burdens related to caregiving. QOLLTI-F also has the advantage of being briefer than other carer QOL measures. It contains measures of seven different domains that are determinants of carer QOL, in addition to a summary score. All these measures are valid, reliable and responsive to change in QOL.
Correlation coefficients in medical research: from product moment correlation to the odds ratio
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura 
Published: December 2006

Objective: Presentation of effect sizes that can be interpreted in terms of clinical or practical significance is currently urged whenever statistical significance (a ‘ p-value’) is reported in research journals. However, which effect size and how to interpret it are not yet clearly delineated. The present focus is on effect sizes indicating strength of correlation, that is, effect sizes that describe the strength of monotonic association between two random variables X and Y in a population. Methods: A logical structure of measures of association is traced, showing the interrelationships among the many measures of association. Advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Conclusions: Suggestions are made for the future use of measures of association in research to facilitate considerations of clinical significance, emphasizing distribution-free effect sizes such as the Spearman correlation coefficient and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance for ordinal versus ordinal associations, weighted and intraclass kappa for binary versus binary associations and risk difference (RD) for binary versus ordinal association.
Balancing Rights and Risk
Authors: Milligan Ian , Stevens Irene 
Published: December 2006

Summary: This study explored the effect of health and safety policies relating to children in residential establishments and their impact on the opportunities of young people to enjoy activities like visits to the beach or hillwalking. Data were gathered by analysing one health and safety policy, interviews and questionnaires with managers and basic grade staff in five authorities across Scotland, and focus group discussions with 24 young people in care. Findings: The policy which was analysed for this study had been adapted from a wider health and safety policy used in schools. Its application to residential units restricted activities for children in care. Unit managers were concerned about the restrictive impact of the policies and procedures. Young people described a limited range of activities and questioned their relevance and scope. Basic grade staff were the only group to report that health and safety guidance was positive. However, reasons for this appeared to be related to staff prioritizing safety over the potential benefits of activities which may carry a small degree of risk. Applications: It is argued that health and safety guidance must be specific to the circumstances of small,‘homely’ residential care settings. Attitudes to risk must be informed by the developmental needs of children, and guidance should be reviewed to reflect this.
Protecting Children in a Globalized World
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: December 2006

Summary: In Britain, the Laming Report has provided a lengthy exploration of the circumstances surrounding the death of Victoria Climbié and highlighted the failure of social work, health and police services to safeguard the child. However, the Report fails to engage in a satisfactory way with issues related to ‘race’ and ‘place’. Findings: It is maintained that the Report’s approach to ‘race’ is cursory and problematic. Furthermore, it is argued that ‘place’ and, more specifically, transnational migration is a core, but insufficiently examined, dimension to the tragedy. Important also, in terms of the Report’s limited engagement with these issues, is the evolution of a neo-liberal order in which migrants to Britain are viewed with suspicion and are the focus of legislation and policy discourses which are increasingly punitive. Applications: The article seeks to promote debate on the issues raised and emphasizes the significance, for social work and associated child welfare professionals, of issues related to ‘race’ and ‘place’.
Characterization of a β-glucanase produced by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus, and its potential for application in the brewing industry
Authors: Celestino Klecius R Silveira , Cunha Ricardo B , Felix Carlos R 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
In the barley malting process, partial hydrolysis of β-glucans begins with seed germination. However, the endogenous 1,3-1,4-β-glucanases are heat inactivated, and the remaining high molecular weight β-glucans may cause severe problems such as increased brewer mash viscosity and turbidity. Increased viscosity impairs pumping and filtration, resulting in lower efficiency, reduced yields of extracts, and lower filtration rates, as well as the appearance of gelatinous precipitates in the finished beer. Therefore, the use of exogenous β-glucanases to reduce the β-glucans already present in the malt barley is highly desirable.

Results
The zygomycete microfungus Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus secreted substantial amounts of β-glucanase in liquid culture medium containing 0.5% chitin. An active protein was isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies of the β-glucanase activity-containing culture supernatant. This isolated protein hydrolyzed 1,3-1,4-β-glucan (barley β-glucan), but showed only residual activity against 1,3-β-glucan (laminarin), or no activity at all against 1,4-β-glucan (cellulose), indicating that the R. microsporus var. microsporus enzyme is a member of the EC 3.2.1.73 category. The purified protein had a molecular mass of 33.7 kDa, as determined by mass spectrometry. The optimal pH and temperature for hydrolysis of 1,3-1,4-β-glucan were in the ranges of 4–5, and 50–60°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values for hydrolysis of β-glucan at pH 5.0 and 50°C were 22.39 mg.mL-1 and 16.46 mg.min-1, respectively. The purified enzyme was highly sensitive to Cu+2, but showed less or no sensitivity to other divalent ions, and was able to reduce both the viscosity and the filtration time of a sample of brewer mash. In comparison to the values determined for the mash treated with two commercial glucanases, the relative viscosity value for the mash treated with the 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase produced by R. microsporus var. microsporus. was determined to be consistently lower.

Conclusion
The zygomycete microfungus R. microsporus var. microsporus produced a 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanhydrolase (EC 3.2.1.73) which is able to hydrolyze β-D-glucan that contains both the 1,3- and 1,4-bonds (barley β-glucans). Its molecular mass was 33.7 kDa. Maximum activity was detected at pH values in the range of 4–5, and temperatures in the range of 50–60°C. The enzyme was able to reduce both the viscosity of the brewer mash and the filtration time, indicating its potential value for the brewing industry.
Cardiac involvement in Beagle-based canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ): electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and morphologic studies
Authors: Yugeta Naoko , Urasawa Nobuyuki , Fujii Yoko , Yoshimura Madoka , Yuasa Katsutoshi , Wada Michiko R , Nakura Masao , Shimatsu Yoshiki , Tomohiro Masayuki , Takahashi Akio , Machida Noboru , Wakao Yoshito , Nakamura Akinori , Takeda Shin'ichi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundCardiac mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has recently become important, because risk of respiratory failure has been reduced due to widespread use of the respirator. The cardiac involvement is characterized by distinctive electrocardiographic abnormalities or dilated cardiomyopathy, but the pathogenesis has remained obscure. In research on DMD, Golden retriever-based muscular dystrophy (GRMD) has attracted much attention as an animal model because it resembles DMD, but GRMD is very difficult to maintain because of their severe phenotypes. We therefore established a line of dogs with Beagle-based canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ) and examined the cardiac involvement.MethodsThe cardiac phenotypes of eight CXMDJand four normal male dogs 2 to 21 months of age were evaluated using electrocardiography, echocardiography, and histopathological examinations.ResultsIncreases in the heart rate and decreases in PQ interval compared to a normal littermate were detected in two littermate CXMDJdogs at 15 months of age or older. Distinct deep Q-waves and increase in Q/R ratios in leads II, III, and aVF were detected by 6–7 months of age in all CXMDJdogs. In the echocardiogram, one of eight of CXMDJdogs showed a hyperechoic lesion in the left ventricular posterior wall at 5 months of age, but the rest had not by 6–7 months of age. The left ventricular function in the echocardiogram indicated no abnormality in all CXMDJdogs by 6–7 months of age. Histopathology revealed myocardial fibrosis, especially in the left ventricular posterobasal wall, in three of eight CXMDJdogs by 21 months of age.ConclusionCardiac involvement in CXMDJdogs is milder and has slower progression than that described in GRMD dogs. The distinct deep Q-waves have been ascribed to myocardial fibrosis in the posterobasal region of the left ventricle, but our data showed that they precede the lesion on echocardiogram and histopathology. These findings imply that studies of CXMDJmay reveal not only another causative mechanism of the deep Q-waves but also more information on the pathogenesis in the dystrophin-deficient heart.
Pandemic influenza preparedness: an ethical framework to guide decision-making
Authors: Thompson Alison K , Faith Karen , Gibson Jennifer L , Upshur Ross EG 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Planning for the next pandemic influenza outbreak is underway in hospitals across the world. The global SARS experience has taught us that ethical frameworks to guide decision-making may help to reduce collateral damage and increase trust and solidarity within and between health care organisations. Good pandemic planning requires reflection on values because science alone cannot tell us how to prepare for a public health crisis.

Discussion
In this paper, we present an ethical framework for pandemic influenza planning. The ethical framework was developed with expertise from clinical, organisational and public health ethics and validated through a stakeholder engagement process. The ethical framework includes both substantive and procedural elements for ethical pandemic influenza planning. The incorporation of ethics into pandemic planning can be helped by senior hospital administrators sponsoring its use, by having stakeholders vet the framework, and by designing or identifying decision review processes. We discuss the merits and limits of an applied ethical framework for hospital decision-making, as well as the robustness of the framework.

Summary
The need for reflection on the ethical issues raised by the spectre of a pandemic influenza outbreak is great. Our efforts to address the normative aspects of pandemic planning in hospitals have generated interest from other hospitals and from the governmental sector. The framework will require re-evaluation and refinement and we hope that this paper will generate feedback on how to make it even more robust.
Adult Wilms' tumour: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Geethamani V , Kusuma V , Gowda KM Srinivasa , Saini Monika Lamba 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Wilms' tumor is the commonest primary malignant renal tumor in childhood. Rarely, it may present in the adult age group.

Case presentation
We report a 48-year-old male presenting with flank pain and haematuria. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a right renal mass measuring 11 × 10 cms, and a clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma was made. Nephrectomy was performed, and a final diagnosis of adult Wilms' tumor was made based on the criteria proposed by Kilton et al.

Conclusion
The possibility of an adult Wilms' tumor should be considered when a patient presents with pain in the flank and a renal mass. Rarity of the tumor favors documentation in literature.