bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First two publications by Duchesne of Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Paris Harry S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryParis, H. S.: First two publications by Duchesne of Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae). – Taxon 49: 303–317. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The botanical authority for Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae) is frequently given as (Duch. in Lam.) Duch. ex Poir., Duch. ex Poir, or just simply Poir., in reference to A. N. Duchesne's contribution to volume 2 of J. B. P. A. de M. de Lamarck's Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique, published in Paris by Panckoucke in 1786 and volume II of J. L. M. Poiret's Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, published in 1818. However, the binomial Cucurbita moschata apparently was published first in Duchesne's Essai sur l'Histoire Naturelle des Courges, of which a number of copies exist in libraries in Paris. This small, duodecimo book consists of 46 pages but does not bear a date, place of publication, nor the name of the publisher. The Essai contains most of the same rows of print as those of the article in Lamarck's Encyclopédie and contains a note added in proof dated 18 August 1786, indicating that it too must have been published in 1786 in Paris by Panckoucke. The Essai differs from the article in the Encyclopédie by presenting the binomial Cucurbita moschata, by its completeness, and by its clarity of presentation. Cucurbita moschata was also named and described by Duchesne in A. H. Tessier and A. Thouin's Encyclopédie Méthodique, Agriculture, volume 3, page 606, which was published in 1793, also in Paris by Panckoucke. Emphasizing horticulture instead of botany, this is a shorter version of the Essai and served in part as the basis for Poiret's writing on Cucurbita in his Dictionnaire. There is a strong likelihood that the Essai was issued prior to the first part of volume 2 of the Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique, and is thus also the first publication of Cucurbita maxima.
Generic limits in the seagrass family Zosteraceae
Authors: Tomlinson Philip Barry , Posluzny Usher 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTomlinson, P. B. & Posluzny, U.: Generic limits in the seagrass family Zosteraceae. – Taxon 50: 429–437. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The seagrass family Zosteraceae may be divided into four groups of species on the basis of morphological and developmental evidence. It is proposed to treat each of these groups as a genus; this involves the elevation of Zosterella from subgeneric to generic rank as Nanozostera. The family thus now includes: Heterozostera (one sp.), Nanozostera (eight spp.), Phyllospadix (five spp.), and Zostera (four spp.). Molecular and morphological evidence suggests that Phyllospadix is the most divergent taxon, while Heterozostera and Nanozostera are the most closely related.
An improved method of DNA isolation from plants collected in the field and conserved in saturated NaCl/CTAB solution
Authors: Štorchová Helena , Hrdličková Radmila , Chrtek Jindřich , Tetera Martin , Fitze Dorothee , Fehrer Judith 
Published: April 2006

SummaryŠtorchová, H., Hrdličková, R., Chrtek, J., Jr., Tetera, M., Fitze, D. & Fehrer, J.: An improved method of DNA isolation from plants collected in the field and conserved in saturated NaCl/CTAB solution. – Taxon 49: 79‐84. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A simple method for isolation of genomic DNA from wild plants sampled in remote field areas is presented. The protocol combines NaCl/CTAB leaf preservation with sorbitol extraction of secondary compounds which often contain inhibitors of Taq DNA polymerase activity. The obtained DNA is suitable for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of plant populations as well as for specific amplification of chloroplast DNA sequences. The NaCl/CTAB leaf preservation is a powerful alternative to silica gel drying‐based preservation.
Rhacophyllus and Zerovaemyces—teleomorphs or anamorphs?
Authors: Redhead Scott A. , Seifert Keith A. , Vilgalys Rytas , Moncalvo Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRedhead, S. A., Seifert, K. A., Vilgalys, R. & Moncalvo, J.‐M.: Rhacophyllus and Zerovaemyces—teleomorphs or anamorphs? – Taxon 49: 789–798. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The originally monotypic genus Rhacophyllus was conceived for an agaric‐like fungus that bore sheets of miniature sclerotium‐like bodies (lysomeres) in place of lamellae. Subsequently it was demonstrated that a “normal” Coprinus‐like teleomorph exists as an alternative state (morph). Following this discovery, most authors have treated Rhacophyllus as an anamorph. Ontogenetic studies indicate that the Rhacophyllus state is a variation on basidiome production. Rhacophyllus apparently was rediscovered and redescribed as a new genus Zerovaemyces, for which a new family, Zerovaemycetaceae, and a new order, Loculomycetes, were also described, all as teleomorphs. Nomenclatural application of these names are analysed, and it is concluded that Rhacophyllus (and Zerovaemyces, Zerovaemycetaceae) are best considered to be nomina anamorphosium. These decisions affect the naming of other taxa newly resolved molecularly. An analogous second case of modified basidiomes involves the anamorph Decapitatus gen. nov., described here for the well‐known gemmiferous state of Mycena citricolor, Decapitatus flavidus comb. nov. (= Stilbum flavidum).
Muntingiaceae, a new family of dicotyledons with malvalean affinities
Authors: Bayer Clemens , Chase Mark W. , Fay Michael F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBayer, C., Chase, M. W. & Fay, M. F.: Muntingiaceae, a new family of dicotyledons with malvalean affinities. ‐ Taxon 47: 37–42.1998. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The family Muntingiaceae, here described, includes the Neotropical, monotypic genera Muntingia and Dicraspidia, and probably Neotessmannia, which have previously been included in Elaeocarpaceae, Tiliaceae, or Flacourtiaceae. Morphological data discussed here and molecular data published elsewhere indicate that none of these families can be regarded as closely related to these genera. Muntingiaceae belong to a clade that comprises core Malvales (Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Bombacaceae, and Malvaceae) and several other families. Within this alliance, relationships are presently unresolved.
Hypothesizing hybrids and parents using character intermediacy, parental distance, and equality
Authors: Estabrook George F. , Gil‐ad Nir L. , Reznicek Anton A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEstabrook, G. F., Gil‐ad, N. L. & Reznicek, A. A.: Hypothesizing hybrids and parents using character intermediacy, parental distance, and equality. – Taxon 45: 647‐682. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A simple method for objectively screening morphological variation in study sets suspected of containing hybrids is presented. The method applies to a collection of specimens in which two or more species along with some or all of their hybrids are suspected to be represented. The purpose of the method is to hypothesize which specimens might be of hybrid origin, and for each of these specimens to indicate which other two specimens resemble those that might have been its parents. The method is employed in the computer program HYWIN by using two kinds of computationally intense techniques: evaluation of a hybrid optimality score for each triplet generated from three quantitatively defined criteria: hybrid intermediacy (IN), parental distance (PD), and equality (EQ); and simulation of a probability hypothesis to generate measures of the level of statistical certainty. The method can be applied in direct studies of hybrids and their parents, taxonomic treatments, pinpointing of specimens that merit study with other techniques, and screening of data sets for putative hybrids and hybrid species prior to phylogenetic reconstruction.
Typification of Linnaean specific and varietal names in the Leguminosae (Fabaceae)
Authors: Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTurland, N. J. & Jarvis, C. E. (ed.): Typification of Linnaean specific and varietal names in the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). – Taxon 46: 457‐485. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes, neotypes and epitypes are designated by 31 specialists for 213 previously untypified Linnaean plant names (including one by the younger Linnaeus) belonging to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae). These newly proposed types support the current usage of the names concerned. Earlier but ineffective or supersedable type statements are discussed.
Sulphuryl fluoride fumigation: effect on DNA extraction and amplification from herbarium specimens
Authors: Whitten W. Mark , Williams Norris H. , Glover Kenneth V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhitten, W. M., Williams, N. H. & Glover, K. V.: Sulphuryl fluoride fumigation: effect on DNA extraction and amplification from herbarium specimens. – Taxon 48: 507‐510. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Dried leaf samples were exposed to sulphuryl fluoride (Vikane) during herbarium fumigation. DNA was extracted from fumigated leaf samples and from unfumigated controls. Both fumigated and control samples yielded good quality DNA; DNA amplification yielded similar products from both sets of samples. Vikane does not appear to degrade DNA present in herbarium specimens, and appears to be a non‐destructive fumigant for pest control in herbaria.
Processus ponctuels et martingales: résultats récents sur la modélisation et le filtrage
Authors: Brémaud P. , Jacod J. 
Published: April 2006

This paper contains a review of the results of the martingale approach to point processes and its applications to the theory of dynamical systems (in the engineering sense), mainly estimation problems.Some of the topics reviewed are: stochastic intensity, absolutely continuous changes of measure, martingale representations, changes of times, filtering, queues, etc.
Markov chains with applications in queueing theory, which have a matrix-geometric invariant probability vector
Authors: Neuts Marcel F. 
Published: April 2006

It is shown that a class of infinite, block-partitioned, stochastic matrices has a matrix-geometric invariant probability vector of the form (x0, x1,…), where xk = x0Rk, for k ≧ 0. The rate matrix R is an irreducible, non-negative matrix of spectral radius less than one. The matrix R is the minimal solution, in the set of non-negative matrices of spectral radius at most one, of a non-linear matrix equation.Applications to queueing theory are discussed. Detailed explicit and computationally tractable solutions for the GI/PH/1 and the SM/M/1 queue are obtained.
Limit theorems for the simple branching process allowing immigration, I. The case of finite offspring mean
Authors: Pakes Anthony G. 
Published: April 2006

This paper presents limit theorems for the population sizes of a Bienaymé–Galton–Watson process allowing immigration. For the non-critical cases it is known that the limit distribution is non-defective iff a logarithmic moment of the immigration distribution is finite. The new results of this paper are concerned with the situation where this moment is infinite and give limit theorems for a certain slowly varying function of the population size. A parallel discussion is given for the critical case and also for the continuous-time process.The methods of the paper are used to give some results on the rate of decay of the transition probabilities and on the growth rate of the stationary measure. These in turn are used to obtain some limit theorems for a reversed-time process.
Characterizations of Poisson traffic streams in Jackson queueing networks
Authors: Melamed Benjamin 
Published: April 2006

The equilibrium behavior of Jackson queueing networks (Poisson arrivals, exponential servers and Bernoulli switches) has recently been investigated in some detail. In particular, it was found that in equilibrium, the traffic processes on the so-called exit arcs of a Jackson network with single server nodes constitute Poisson processes—a result extending Burke's theorem from single queues to networks of queues.A conjecture made by Burke and others contends that the traffic processes on non-exit arcs cannot be Poisson in equilibrium. This paper proves this conjecture to be true for a variety of Jackson networks with single server nodes. Subsequently, a number of characterizations of the equilibrium traffic streams on the arcs of open Jackson networks emerge, whereby Poisson-related stochastic properties of traffic streams are shown to be equivalent to a simple graph-theoretical property of the underlying arcs. These results then help to identify some inherent limitations on the feasibility of equilibrium decompositions of Jackson networks, and to point out conditions under which further decompositions are ‘approximately’ valid.
On N-person stochastic games by denumerable state space
Authors: Federgruen A. 
Published: April 2006

This paper considers non-cooperative N-person stochastic games with a countable state space and compact metric action spaces. We concentrate upon the average return per unit time criterion for which the existence of an equilibrium policy is established under a number of recurrency conditions with respect to the transition probability matrices associated with the stationary policies. These results are obtained by establishing the existence of total discounted return equilibrium policies, for each discount factor α ∈ [0, 1) and by showing that under each one of the aforementioned recurrency conditions, average return equilibrium policies appear as limit policies of sequences of discounted return equilibrium policies, with discount factor tending to one.Finally, we review and extend the results that are known for the case where both the state space and the action spaces are finite.
Limit theorems for point processes generated in a general branching process
Authors: Härnqvist Martin 
Published: April 2006

With the general convergence theory for branching processes as basis a special problem is studied. An extra point process of events during life is assigned to each realised individual, and the behaviour of the superposition of such point processes in action is studied as the population grows. With the proper scaling and under some regularity conditions the superposition is shown to converge in distribution to a Poisson process. Another scaling gives rise to a mixed Poisson process as limit.Established weak convergence techniques for point processes are applied, together with some recent strong convergence results for branching processes.
Competing risks and independent minima: a marked point process approach
Authors: Arjas Elja , Greenwood Priscilla 
Published: April 2006

Given an indexed family of rate functions, we construct a family of independent random variables such that their minimum and the corresponding index form a marked point having the same rates. If the rates have common discontinuities, the random variables are conditionally independent, given a random allocation of these jumps. Between any two adjacent points of a marked point process there is a similar structure. Coherent functions in system lifetime theory provide examples.Non-identifiability of multivariate lifetime distributions from mortality data is interpreted in this context.
Open networks of queues: their algebraic structure and estimating their transient behavior
Authors: Massey William A. 
Published: April 2006

We develop the mathematical machinery in this paper to construct a very general class of Markovian network queueing models. Each node has a heterogeneous class of customers arriving at their own Poisson rate, ultimately to receive their own exponential service requirements. We add to this a very general type of service discipline as well as class (node) switching. These modifications allow us to model in the limit, service with a general distribution. As special cases for this model, we have the product-form networks formulated by Kelly, as well as networks with priority scheduling. For the former, we give an algebraic proof of Kelly's results for product-form networks. This is an approach that motivates the form of the solution, and justifies the various needs of local and partial balance conditions.For any network that belongs to this general model, we use the operator representation to prove stochastic dominance results. In this way, we can take the transient behavior for very complicated networks and bound its joint queue-length distribution by that for M/M/1queues.
Modeling of repairable systems
Authors: Ebrahimi Nader 
Published: April 2006

The reliability of many stochastic repairable systems depends on several characteristics that are time dependent. In this paper, we develop general repair models for a repairable system by using auxiliary stochastic processes which describe physical characteristics of the system and derive various properties of resulting models. We also obtain an inference procedure to assess the number of failures and expected number of failures for our proposed models by observing auxiliary processes.Clearly, our inference procedure is different from the traditional approach, where successive times of occurrence of failures are observed.
The Volume of a Tetrahedron whose Vertices are Chosen at Random in the Interior of a Parent Tetrahedron
Authors: Mannion David 
Published: April 2006

We solve a problem proposed by V. Klee (1969). He asked for a calculation of κ, the expected value of V, the volume of a daughter tetrahedron whose vertices are chosen at random (i.e. independently and uniformly) in the interior of a parent tetrahedron of unit volume. We discover:We also calculate the second, fourth and sixth moments of V.
A revision of native Moroccan species of Lavandula L. section Pterostoechas Ging. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Upson Tim M. , Jury Stephen L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA revision of the eight native Moroccan species of Lavandula L. section Pterostoechas Ging., based on herbarium studies, SEM photographs, and field observations, is presented utilising morphological, phenological and ecological characters. Within Lavandula of Morocco, L. sect. Pterostoechas with six species is the most diverse, one of which is described here as new (L. rejdalii Upson & Jury). Four of these species are endemic: L. maroccana Murb., L. tenuisecta Coss. ex Ball, L. rejdalii Upson & Jury, and L. mairei Humbert [with two varieties, L. mairei var. mairei and L. mairei var. antiatlantica (Humbert) Maire]. The other two species, Lavandula multifida L. and L. coronopifolia Poir., are native but more widespread species. The distribution of the species in Morocco is shown in grid maps. Lavandula brevidens (Humbert) Maire and its infraspecific taxa are not retained, being reduced to synonymy under L. tenuisecta and L. rejdalii. Full synonymy is given for all taxa and names are lectotypified as necessary.
Unearthing a 19th century mycological treasure: discovery of the first edition of Fries’s Scleromyceti Sueciae in the Schweinitz Herbarium at PH
Authors: Untereiner Wendy A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA search for Fries’s Scleromyceti Sueciae at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH) was initiated following the receipt of a specimen annotated “Suec. Fr.” from the Schweinitz Herbarium. Study of the collection of fungi at PH revealed 340 similarly annotated specimens, 76 printed labels from Fascicles 1–6, and 8 of the first edition of the Scleromyceti Sueciae, and a page of the index from Decade XXXI of Fascicle 9. In many cases, sheets from this exsiccata were folded inward to form packets that enclosed both the specimen and the printed label. This paper also reports the discovery of 21 specimens from the Deutschlands Schwämme at PH.
Yams reclassified: a recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales
Authors: Caddick Lizabeth R. , Wilkin Paul , Rudall Paula J. , Hedderson Terry A. J. , Chase Mark W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnalyses of morphological and molecular characters for Dioscoreales Hook. f. (Chase & al., 1995b; Caddick & al., 2000a; Caddick & al., 2002) have redefined the order, which now comprises three families, Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreaceae, and Nartheciaceae. Since recent analyses of morphological and molecular data sets (Caddick & al., 2002) have indicated well­supported relationships within Dioscoreaceae R. Br., a formal reclassification of the family is presented here. Dioscoreaceae now contain four distinct genera,Dioscorea, Stenomeris, Tacca(previously in Taccaceae), andTrichopus. The Malagasy endemicAvetra sempervirensis close sister toTrichopus zeylanicus, and is here reclassified as a second species of this genus. The dioecious Dioscoreaceae genera,Borderea, Epipetrum, Nanarepenta, Rajania, Tamus, andTestudinaria, are nested withinDioscoreain phylogenetic analyses (Caddick & al., 2002), and are therefore sunk into it.
Some floristic characteristics of the northern Chihuahuan Desert: a search for its northern boundary
Authors: Muldavin Esteban H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn index of Chihuahuan floristic affinity was constructed to characterize the floristic variation over a 5° latitudinal gradient in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, with an emphasis on evaluating northern boundary conditions. The index was based on evaluating the ranges of 494 species from 590 vegetation plots from Bouteloua eriopoda and B. gracilis grasslands and Larrea tridentata scrub, distributed among four sites along the gradient. The most northern site, the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (34°N latitude), while maintaining a complement of primarily southern distributed species, had the lowest index values and the fewest Chihuahuan endemics (3%) and Southwestern desert species (19%) in general. At the intermediate sites (Jornada/Tularosa basins and Otero Mesa), one and two degrees further south, index values increased conspicuously along with number of Chihuahuan endemics (7%) and the Southwestern desert species (37%). At 29°N latitude, the Sierra del Carmen Protected Area in northern Mexico was the furthest southern site. It represented typical hot and dry Chihuahuan Desert conditions where Chihuahuan endemics comprised 29% of species complement and Southwestern desert species made up 55%. With respect to floristic boundaries, the Sevilleta was clearly transitional to the southern Shortgrass Prairie and Intermountain (Great Basin­Colorado Plateau) provinces. While it supported several grassland and shrubland associations that maintained their overall Chihuahuan character, there were also several associations with primarily northern affinities, and also a set unique to the Sevilleta, reflecting its ecotonal nature. The results show that sound biosystematics, biogeographical analyses and indices like those presented here can provide an important context for questions in synecology, plant ecology, and conservation biology.
On the single-server queue with non-homogeneous Poisson input and general service time
Authors: Hasofer A. M. 
Published: April 2006

In this paper, a single-server queue with non-homogeneous Poisson input and general service time is considered. Particular attention is given to the case where the parameter of the Poisson input λ(t) is a periodic function of the time. The approach is an extension of the work of Takács and Reich . The main result of the investigation is that under certain conditions on the distribution of the service time, the form of the function λ(t) and the distribution of the waiting time at t = 0, the probability of a server being idle P0 and the Laplace transform Ω of the waiting time are both asymptotically periodic in t. Putting
where b(t) is a periodic function of time, it is shown that both Po and Ω can be expanded in a power series in z, and a method for calculating explicitly the asymptotic values of the leading terms is obtained.In many practical queueing problems, it is expected that the probability of arrivals will vary periodically. For example, in restaurants or at servicestations arrivals are more probable at rush hours than at slack periods, and rush hours are repeated day after day
Two classification theorems of states of Markov chains
Authors: Kim C. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo theorems on Markov chains, both of which already appear in the literature: the classification of the states into the set of all non-recurrent (transient) states and recurrent classes, and the corresponding classification for idempotent Markov chains due to Doob, are proved from the viewpoint of ergodic theory.