bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous human lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity againts tumour target cells. I. The effect of malignant disease
Authors: Pross Hugh F. , Baines Malcolm G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpontaneous human lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC) against tumour‐cell targets was examined in a series of patients with localized or malignant disease, both treated and untreated, and patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The level of SLMC was assessed by means of two previously established assay systems; the xenogeneic assay involving the mouse mastocytoma line P815, and the allogeneic assay in which the human chronic myelogenous leukemia‐derived line, K562, was used. The assay systems involve the use of Ficoll‐Isopaque‐separated, iron‐plus‐magnetism‐purified lymphocytes in an overnight 51chromium release assay, and reflect the cytotoxic ability of human non‐T, complement receptor‐, Fc receptor‐positive lymphocytes. In the present paper, lymphocytes from all normal donors tested showed significant activity in the SLMC assay, with some variation from day to day. This variation was markedly reduced when different normal donors were tested on the same day and under identical experimental conditions. In contrast, lymphocytes from many patients with malignant disease had decreased SLM activity, and this decrease was highly significant in patients with treated or untreated metastatic disease, or untreated CLL. This was also the case when the data were expressed relative to the number of cytotoxic cells in the normal control population, or in comparison to the relative SLMC activity of lymphocytes from patients with other conditions. Markedly decreased SLMC was observed in some patients in spite of normal T and B lymphocyte proportions, or the presence of the ability to mount a vigorous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to PPD. A comparison of the xenogeneic and allogeneic assays showed that the same information with respect to whether SLMC was normal or abnormal was obtained with both assays in the majority of cases. The significance of the data is discussed with respect to the possible role of SLMC in vivo and the relevance of SLMC to the assessment of specific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in malignant disease.
A plasma membrane antigen highly associated with oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung and undetectable in normal adult tissue
Authors: Bell C. Elliott , Seetharam Shakuntla 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plasma membrane antigens of an oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung were studied to determine if any antigens absent from normal adult tissue could be identified. Rabbit and monkey antisera were prepared to a highly purified plasma membrane fraction of an oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung. The specificities of the antisera were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence method on frozen section substrate. The rabbit antiserum, after absorption with normal lung, liver, colon and peripheral nerve homogenates and extracts, failed to react with any detectable normal adult tissue. The absorbed antiserum did react with 7 of 7 oat‐cell carcinomas of the lung, but failed to react with any of 7 adeno‐carcinomas of the lung, 6 epidermoid carcinomas of the lung, 7 colon carcinomas, 8 breast carcinomas, 4 kidney carcinomas, and 1 pancreatic carcinoma. The unabsorbed monkey antiserum failed to react with any detectable normal adult tissue, and had a tumor reactivity pattern nearly identical to that of the absorbed rabbit antiserum. Thus similar results were obtained with antisera from two different species. It is concluded that oat‐cell carcinomas of the lung express a plasma membrane antigen (s) undetectable in normal adult tissue and highly associated with this tumor type.
Selective inhibition of T lymphocyte repopulation of lymphoid organs as a mechanism of immunosuppression in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Haba Seiji , Takatsu Kiyoshi , Kitagawa Masayusu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanism of selective suppression of T‐cell activity in Ehrlich tumor‐bearing mice was investigated in an adoptive cell transfer system of secondary antibody responses to haptens. The induction of secondary antidinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody response after stimulation with DNP‐homologous carrier (TD) of thymus‐dependent DNP‐carrier (TD)‐primed spleen cells was markedly inhibited in tumor‐bearing recipient mice, whereas the response to thymus independent DNP‐carrier (TID) was intact as compared to that seen in normal recipients. However, if tumors were induced in the DNP‐TD‐primed donor mice and the spleen cells were assayed for responsiveness to DNP‐TD in normal recipients, they generated a normal anti‐hapten antibody response. After the DNP‐TD‐primed cells had been transferred into normal recipients and tumors had been induced in the recipients before DNP‐TD‐stimulation, the cells in tumor‐bearers responded normally. These results indicate that the tumor‐bearing state neither directly suppresses the responsiveness of primed cells nor interferes with the mechanism for antigen stimulation of primed cells. Direct measurement of recovery of transferred primed T and B cells from the spleen of tumor‐bearing recipients revealed that the net recovery of T‐cell activity markedly decreased, whereas the recovery of B cells in the spleens of tumor‐bearing hosts was not affected or was even higher than the normal. Prevention of repopulation by T lymphocytes of lymphoid organs due to a postulated change in the microenvironment is suggested as a mechanism for the selective suppression of T‐cell activity in Ehrlich tumor‐bearing animals.
Influence of cell‐free tumour‐associated antigen preparations on the development of immunity to chemically induced rat tumours
Authors: Embleton M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInbred rats were treated with extranuclear tumour membrane fractions or 3 M KCl‐solubilized extracts of two antigenically distinct 3‐methylcholanthreneinduced sarcomas, Mc7 and Mc57. The rats developed tumour‐specific humoral antibody responses, but were not immune to tumour challenge. Moreover, they were unresponsive to subsequent immunization with irradiated tumour grafts, this effect being immunologically specific for the tumour from which the cell‐free extracts was derived. in vitro studies revealed a depressed state of cell‐mediated tumour immunity in animals inoculated with cell‐free tumour extracts, and this was associated with the presence of serum inhibitory factors and suppressor lymphoid cells which abrogated the cytotoxic effect of sensitized lymphoid cells in vitro. It is postulated that the development of an inappropriate immune response due to the effect of tumour antigen during the induction phase of tumour immunity may be relevant to the immunobiology of tumour‐bearing hosts.
Inducibility of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) cycle and surface marker properties of ebv‐negative lymphoma lines and their in vitro EBV‐converted sublines
Authors: Klein George , Zeuthen Jesper , Terasaki Paul , Billing Ron , Honig Ron , Jondal Mikael , Westman Anitha , Clements Geoffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo EBV‐negative lymphoma lines of human B‐cell origin, BJAB and Ramos, were compared with altogether six of their in vitro EBV‐converted, EBNA‐ and EBV‐DNA‐carrying sublines (four of Ramos and two of BJAB derivation). All converted lines closely resembled the parental line with regard to karyotype and HL‐A and B antigen typing. Induction of EBV antigens (EA and VCA) by P3HR‐1 virus superinfection was either similar in the converted and the negative lines, or somewhat increased in certain converted lines. These findings argue against a simple, virally determined repressor model and emphasize the role of cellular controls in restricting the EBV cycle in virus‐carrying B‐lymphocyte lines of human origin. IUdR inducibility varied in the different converted lines. There was a possible relationship between average number of EBV‐genome equivalents per cell and inducibility. Converted sublines did not differ from the original negative lines with regard to surface immunoglobulin and Fc receptors. There was a dramatic increase in complementconsuming ability, however, following EBV conversion. Among the EBV‐positive lines, there was a linear relationship between complement‐consuming and EBV‐receptor activity, the latter measured by a quantitative absorption test.
Undulating membraneous structures associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in tumour cells
Authors: Schaff Zsuzsa , Lapis K. , Grimley P. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe morphology and occurrence of tubuloreticular and undulating membraneous structures (TRS and UMS) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum were examined under normal and pathologic conditions. It was concluded that TRS and UMS are cytoplasmic inclusions of similar type but of different organization. The occurrence of UMS in a human cell line derived from a carcinoma of the lung and in a transplantable chicken hepatoma derived from an MC‐29 virus‐induced liver tumour is described.
An experimental model for meningeal leukemia in rats (L5222). Effect of treatment with BCNU and cyclophosphamide
Authors: Fiebig H. H. , Zeller W. J. , Schmähl D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn experimental model of meningeal leukemia in rats is developed by intracerebral (IC) inoculation of leukemic cells from the transplantable acute leukemia L5222. The L5222 proliferates exponentially in the central nervous system (CNS) and the disease becomes systemic 2 days following IC inoculation. Chemotherapeutic studies with BCNU and cyclophosphamide yielded cures in a high percentage of cases when treatment began at an early stage of meningeal leukemia. When treatment was started at the advanced stage, only BCNU showed a large number of cures. However, cyclophosphamide resulted in a marked increase of life‐span. The activity of cyclophosphamide against meningeal leukemia, which is in contrast to the results obtained by Skipper et al. (1961) in the L1210 mouse leukemia, suggests that cyclophosphamide crosses in part the blood—brain barrier in a rat bearing meningeal leukemia. After subcutaneous inoculation, BCNU and cyclophosphamide showed the same rate of cures.
Breast cancer and use of rauwolfia and other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive patients: A nationwide case‐control study in Finland
Authors: Aromaa A. , Hakama M. , Hakulinen T. , Saxén E. , Teppo L. , Idänpään‐Heikkilä J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo nationwide registers, the Finnish Cancer Registry and a register of persons entitled to free drugs for hypertension, were linked in a case‐control study of the association of breast cancer and use of rauwolfia. Cases were all hypertensive patients in whom breast cancer was diagnosed in 1973. To test the association specifically with rauwolfia, controls were hypertensive women matched with the cases for age and geographic area and approximately matched for duration of treatment for hypertension. There were 109 case‐control pairs. Use of any physician‐prescribed drugs during the year prior to diagnosis of breast cancer was ascertained from original prescriptions. In the first set of analyses the patients were classified according to the drug used during most days of the year (“main antihypertensive agent”). In the second set a person qualified as a user of the respective drug regardless of the amount taken. The relative risks in the use of rauwolfia, methyldopa, another synthetic antihypertensive or a diuretic as main antihypertensive agent all ranged between 0.90 and 1.11. The results based on use of a drug in any amount were similar. Next, pairs in which duration of treatment for hypertension was different for cases and controls were excluded. The relative risk associated with use of rauwolfia as main antihypertensive agent then increased from 1.00 to 1.30 and the risk associated with use of any amount of rauwolfia from 1.16 to 2.14. Simultaneously, the relative risk in the use of digitalis was raised from 1.33 to 2.67 and of nitroglycerin from 1.00 to 1.71. Cases also used more types of antihypertensive agents simultaneously than controls. There was no association between rauwolfia‐use and breast cancer in analyses limited to pairs in which neither case nor control used digitalis. Thus, there was not a consistent drug‐specific association between rauwolfia‐use and breast cancer in hypertensive patients. An underlying association of hypertension, heart disease or its treatment (digitalis) and breast cancer may have confounded some of the results of this and earlier studies. In conclusion, it is unlikely that use of rauwolfia increases the risk of breast cancer.
Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Oldham R. K. , Weese J. L. , Herberman R. B. , Perlin E. , Mills M. , Heims W. , Blom J. , Green D. , Reid J. , Bellinger S. , Law I. , McCoy J. L. , Dean J. H. , Cannon G. B. , Djeu J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29°C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large‐cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small‐cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor‐associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor‐associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adeno‐carcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor‐associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).
Effect of friend leukemia virus on megakaryocytes and platelets in mice
Authors: Brown W. M. , Axelrad A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thrombocytopenia that follows infection of C3H/Bi mice with Friend leukemia virus (FV) has been investigated. At various times after infection, megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen were collected on Nuclepore filters, stained with the Feulgen procedure, and counted. At the same times, platelets in circulating blood were enumerated by the direct method of Brecher et al., 1963 We found that megakaryocyte numbers decreased within 3 days of infection; platelet numbers began to fall at 7 to 9 days. At 11 days megakaryocyte numbers in femoral marrow and spleen were reduced to less than one‐third of control values, platelets to about one‐quarter of control values. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that the thrombocytopenia which occurs after FV infection in mice results from the reduction in megakaryocytes that is brought about by the infection. Whether all classes of megakaryocytes are equally affected by FV was next examined. At various times following infection, megakaryocytes in marrow suspensions were concentrated by unit gravity sedimentation and microspectrophotometric measurements of nuclear DNA content were made. The kinetic data showed that, following FV infection, megakaryocytes of high nuclear DNA content were markedly reduced in number, but those of low nuclear DNA content were relatively unaffected. Thus the virus infection may interfere with the normal sequential doubling in DNA content of megakaryocytes and/or it may lead to preferential elimination by the host of those megakaryocytes in the higher DNA classes.
Studies on the microcytotoxicity test. I. Evidence that the effects of normal lymphoid cells on tumour cell growth in microtest plates may be caused by non‐immunological modifications of the culture medium
Authors: Brooks C. G. , Rees R. C. , Baldwin R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymph node cells from normal Wistar rats were found to affect the growth/survival of syngeneic chemically‐induced solid tumour cells in the microcytotoxicity test. Whether inhibition or enhancement of tumour cell numbers occurred depended on the particular tumour cell type and, in some cases, on the particular in vitro subline used. Fractionation of LNC on nylon wool columns revealed that the two effects were mediated by distinct subpopulations of lymphoid cells: column‐retained cells showed predominantly an inhibitory effect and column‐eluted cells predominantly an enhancing effect. When column‐retained and column‐eluted cells were cultured under the conditions of the microcytotoxicity test but in the absence of tumour cells, the resulting cell‐free supernatants caused inhibition and enhancement respectively of tumour cell growth. The inhibitory activity was maximal within one hour of lymphocyte culture, while the enhancing effect developed slowly during incubation. Furthermore, the tumour cells themselves were found to produce growth‐enhancing activity. It is proposed that interaction between these various supernatant activities accounts at least in part for the non‐specific effects of normal lymphoid cells in the microcytotoxicity test.
Expression of viral proteins in mammalian cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses
Authors: Aupoix M. , Vigier P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of viral proteins in nine lines of hamster and rat cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses (ASV) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific antisera to purified gp85 and p27 of AMV‐B and a polyvalent antiserum to all the p proteins of this same virus. The lines of ASV‐transformed cells were either low virus producers (VP) or inducible or non‐inducible non producers (NP). Cytoplasmic expression of p proteins was observed in all the cell lines except the least inducible NP cell line, and cytoplasmic expression of gp85 in all the cell lines. The degree of expression varied widely with the lines and was not related to the class of permissiveness or inducibility. However, in the inducible NP class, the expression of p proteins and gp85 was higher in the most inducible cell lines. The data also suggest that the expression of the p proteins must be uncoordinate in at least some cell lines and must also be uncoordinate with the expression of gp85. In the VP cell lines and the most inducible NP lines, gp85 and some p proteins other than p27 were also expressed on the cell membrane. The membrane expression of gp85 and of the p proteins which were expressed appeared to be coordinate and to parallel the degree of cytoplasmic expression. In contrast, no, or a negligible expression of viral proteins was observed on the membrane of the least inducible and the non‐inducible cell lines. These results suggest that there may exist translational and/or post‐translational controls of the expression of viral proteins in the ASV‐transformed mammalian cells and that the permissiveness and the inducibility of the cells may depend on the insertion of viral proteins in the cell membrane. The failure of p27 to insert in the cell membrane could account for the low permissiveness or the non‐permissiveness of the cells.
Geographic correlation between the occurrence of endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours in vratza district, Bulgaria
Authors: Chernozemsky I. N. , Stoyanov I. S. , Petkova‐Bocharova T. K. , Nicolov I. G. , Draganov I. V. , Stoichev I. I. , Tanchev Y. , Naidenov D. , Kalcheva N. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData on the occurrence of endemic nephropathy (EN) and urinary tract and other cancers in an endemic region of Vratza district, Bulgaria, for the years 1965–1974, are presented. In endemic villages a high incidence of urinary tract tumours, affecting in particular the renal pelvis and ureter, closely correlated with the EN incidence and mortality rates. In the villages with high and moderate EN incidences urinary tract tumours are the most common neoplasms. They account for 25% of all tumour sites in males and 30% in females. In hyperendemic villages age‐adjusted incidences of EN and urinary tract tumours were 506/105 and 104/105 in females, and 315/105 and 89/105 in males respectively. EN mortality in these villages accounted for over 40% of all deaths in females and about 30% in males. Both diseases displayed peculiar geographic clustering. Females and middle‐aged persons were most often affected. Urinary tract neoplasms were often multiple and nearly 90% of them originated in the uro‐epithelium. In endemic and non‐endemic villages of the region studied, the frequency and pattern of non‐urinary tract cancers were rather similar, with statistical values close to those of the rural population of Vratza District and Bulgaria as a whole.
Sequential examination of lymphocyte proliferative capacity in patients with malignant melanoma receiving bcg immunotherapy
Authors: Golub Sidney H. , Forsythe Alan B. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of 42 patients with malignant melanoma treated with BCG adjuvant immunotherapy were studied for sequential changes in cellular immune reactivity to non‐specific mitogens. Lymphocyte preparations were made monthly and stored in a viable condition in liquid nitrogen. After 6 months of treatment, all lymphocyte samples from an individual were recovered and tested for DNA synthesis after stimulation with PHA, PWM, Con A, PPD and MLC. The responses to the mitogens in the blastogenesis test were stable during the course of therapy. The MLC response did increase significantly in patients treated with tumor‐cell vaccines, and declined sharply in the six patients who subsequently relapsed and died. The in vitro PPD response increased 1 to 3 months after initiation of BCG in patients who were initially unresponsive to PPD in vitro. However, PPD‐positive patients did not show any significant alteration of the PPD response. The PPD response did increase less sharply in patients whose disease eventually recurred than in those who remained without evidence of clinical disease. BCG therapy does not appear to correct lymphocyte proliferative defects in melanoma patients. Of the assays employed, the MLC and PPD tests appear to be the most useful as monitors of clinical status and response to therapy.