bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in sulfosalt research
Authors: Dittrich Herbert , Stadler Andreas , Topa Dan , Schimper Hermann‐Josef , Basch Angelika 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn overview over the progress in sulfosalts research is given, including basic and application oriented research work. The ternary and multinary compound semiconductor family is defined. The chemical composition possibilities are given as well as an introduction to the structural systematics. The peculiarities of the complex crystal structures are outlined. The main characteristics of thermodynamic properties are given exemplarily by the SnS–Sb2S3 pseudo‐binary phase diagram. A new phase in the Sn–Sb–S system, SnSb4S7, is reported and the new crystal structure is shown. The published methods of synthesis, thin film deposition, and nanoparticle preparation are listed in tables. A detailed listing of different methods, used for sulfosalt thin film deposition is presented. Data of physical properties are collected and presented. A compilation of measured bandgaps is given. The potential of sulfosalts in possible applications and the role in actual applications are widespread. They include photovoltaic (thin film solar cells) and thermoelectric energy conversion (thermoelectric generator, Peltier elements), phase change memory (rewritable compact discs), catalysis, X‐Ray detectors, and cryoelectronics. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In0.11Ga0.89N‐based p‐i‐n photodetector
Authors: Su Y. K. , Lee H. C. , Lin J. C. , Huang K. C. , Lin W. J. , Li T. C. , Chang K. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe InGaN photodetector with a In composition of i‐In0.11Ga0.89N active layer have been fabricated by MOCVD system. From the photoluminescence measurement, the FWHM of InGaN epitaxial layer was only 13.8 nm. The strong luminescence peak was located at wavelength of 399 nm. We also found that the FWHM of X‐ray diffraction of GaN and InGan layer were 218 and 350 arcsec, respectively. Clear photo‐responses are also observed in InGaN photodetector with 11% content at responsivity measurement. The cut‐off range of spectral responsivity was occurred at 400 nm. The highest spectral responsivity of photodetector was 0.206 A/W at wavelength of 380 nm. The rejection ratio was approached to 103. The external quantum efficiency was about 67%. The current density‐voltage (J‐V) characteristic of i‐InGaN p‐i‐n photodetector was measured. The dark and photo current density were 1.77×10‐4 A/cm2 and 4.5×10‐2 A/cm2 when biased at ‐3 V, respectively. At photovoltaic characteristics, the Voc and Jsc of the i‐InGaN photodetector are 1.63 V and 3.1×10‐2 A/cm2, respectively. The fill factor of i‐InGaN p‐i‐n photodetector was about 37%. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AlInN/GaN based multi quantum well structures – growth and optical properties
Authors: Hums Christoph , Gadanecz Aniko , Dadgar Armin , Bläsing Jürgen , Lorenz Pierre , Krischok Stefan , Bertram Frank , Franke Alexander , Schaefer J. A. , Christen Jürgen , Krost Alois 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh indium content ([In>]25%) AlInN/GaN multi quantum well structures grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray reflection, and photoluminescence measurements. The samples, which exhibit an excellent crystalline quality and smooth interfaces, are found to show broad luminescence below the GaN‐bandgap which shifts with increasing indium content to longer wavelength. At elevated indium content an additional broadening of the luminescence band has been observed. A comparison of the AlInN bandgap and the luminescence energies shows a pronounced stokes shift. XPS measurements reveal a staggered band lineup in Al1‐xInxN /GaN heterostructures with x > 0.25 is found. These findings indicate an indirect transition from the AlInN conduction to the GaN valence band as origin of the luminescence behavior. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐polar AlN and GaN/AlN on r‐plane sapphire
Authors: Ranalli Fabio , Parbrook Peter J. , Bai Jie , Lee Kean B. , Wang Tao , Cullis Antony G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report on the morphological, structural and optical properties of a ‐plane GaN grown on r ‐plane sapphire using an AlN buffer layer grown at high temperature via MOVPE. Growth of smooth layers has been shown with the potential for device application. Atomic Force Microscopy showed submicron features and crystallographic terraces. High resolution X‐ray diffraction was used to study the crystallographic orientation of the epilayer with respect to the substrate. Anisotropies in the in‐plane structure were also revealed. The comparison with samples grown using conventional two‐step technology shows improved structural quality of the nonpolar GaN grown on the AlN buffer layer. Transmission electron microscope images showed that the microstructure of the a ‐GaN is dominated by stacking faults and threading dislocations, with density of 3.1 x 105 cm–1 and 1.2 x 1010 cm–2, respectively. A complex microstructure was revealed at the AlN/GaN interface, where roughness originates and smoothed out away from it. The low temperature photoluminescence spectrum shows band edge emission at 355 nm and two peaks at 360 nm and 375 nm, which are related to stacking faults. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ti‐mask selective‐area growth of GaN nanorings by RF‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy
Authors: Kouno Tetsuya , Kishino Katsumi , Sekiguchi Hiroto , Kikuchi Akihiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGaN nanorings with InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were successfully fabricated on a GaN template by RF‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE) using a titanium (Ti) mask selective‐area growth (SAG) technique. We employed focused ion beam (FIB) milling to make patterns on the Ti‐mask (ring groove patterns). 3‐period InGaN/GaN MQWs integrated into the GaN nanorings exhibited a clear room‐temperature photoluminescence (RT‐PL) spectrum with a peak wavelength of 462 nm and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the RT‐PL spectrum was 145 meV. In addition, we fabricated GaN double nanorings and hexagonal nanorings with InGaN/GaN MQWs by controlling the amount of FIB etching, and the growth conditions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pharmacokinetic interaction of single dose of piperine with steady‐state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients
Authors: Pattanaik Smita , Hota Debasish , Prabhakar Sudesh , Kharbanda Parampreet , Pandhi Promila 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPiperine, the active principle of piper species, is commonly used as a spice and adjuvant in various traditional systems of medicine. It has been known as a bioavailability‐enhancer. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of piperine on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of a single dose of carbamazepine in poorly controlled epilepsy patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Patients (n = 10 each) receiving either 300 mg or 500 mg dose of carbamazepine twice daily were selected. After administration of carbamazepine, venous blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 h. Subsequently, piperine (20 mg p.o.) was administered along with carbamazepine and samples were collected similarly. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by Studentst‐test. Piperine significantly increased the mean plasma concentrations of carbamazepine at most of the time points in both dose groups. There was a significant increase inAUC0‐12hr(p< 0.001), averageCss(p< 0.001),t1\2el(p< 0.05) and a decrease inKel(p< 0.05), in both the dose groups, whereas changes inKaandt1\2awere not significant.Cmax(p< 0.01) andtmax(p< 0.01) were increased significantly following piperine administration in the 500 mg dose group; however, these parameters were not significant in the lower dose group. Piperine could significantly enhance the oral bioavailability of carbamazepine, possibly by decreasing the elimination and/or by increasing its absorption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton affinity and enthalpy of formation of formaldehyde
Authors: Czakó Gábor , Nagy Balázs , Tasi Gyula , Somogyi Árpád , Šimunek Ján , Noga Jozef , Braams Bastiaan J. , Bowman Joel M. , Császár; Attila G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe proton affinity and the enthalpy of formation of the prototypical carbonyl, formaldehyde, have been determined by the first‐principles composite focal‐point analysis (FPA) approach. The electronic structure computations employed the all‐electron coupled‐cluster method with up to single, double, triple, quadruple, and even pentuple excitations. In these computations the aug‐cc‐p(C)VXZ [X = 2(D), 3(T), 4(Q), 5, and 6] correlation‐consistent Gaussian basis sets for C and O were used in conjunction with the corresponding aug‐cc‐pVXZ (X = 2–6) sets for H. The basis set limit values have been confirmed via explicitly correlated computations. Our FPA study supersedes previous computational work for the proton affinity and to some extent the enthalpy of formation of formaldehyde by accounting for (a) electron correlation beyond the “gold standard” CCSD(T) level; (b) the non‐additivity of core electron correlation effects; (c) scalar relativity; (d) diagonal Born–Oppenheimer corrections computed at a correlated level; (e) anharmonicity of zero‐point vibrational energies, based on global potential energy surfaces and variational vibrational computations; and (f) thermal corrections to enthalpies by direct summation over rovibrational energy levels. Our final proton affinities at 298.15 (0.0) K are ΔpaHo (H2CO) = 711.02 (704.98) ± 0.39 kJ mol−1. Our final enthalpies of formation at 298.15 (0.0) K are ΔfHo (H2CO) = −109.23 (−105.42) ± 0.33 kJ mol−1. The latter values are based on the enthalpy of the H2 + CO → H2CO reaction but supported by two further reaction schemes, H2O + C → H2CO and 2H + C + O → H2CO. These values, especially ΔpaHo (H2CO), have better accuracy and considerably lower uncertainty than the best previous recommendations and thus should be employed in future studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Acetone, butanone, pentanone, hexanone and heptanone in the headspace of aqueous solution and urine studied by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Pysanenko Andriy , Wang Tianshu , Španěl Patrik , Smith David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUrine is commonly analysed in clinical practice by a variety of liquid‐phase techniques to check for excessive ketone bodies, proteins and salts to name just a few compounds. However, little work has been carried out to measure the volatile compounds emitted by urine since these do not yet have an established role in clinical diagnosis. There is, however, a growing body of evidence that these volatile compounds can be indicators of adverse physiological conditions and disease and with the advent of sensitive gas‐phase analytical methods they can be quickly quantified in urine headspace and potentially provide valuable support for clinical diagnosis. Thus, we are developing selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, for the real‐time analysis of urine headspace, ultimately to support rapid diagnosis in the clinical environment. In this paper we focus on volatile ketones in the headspace of aqueous solutions and urine donated by three healthy volunteers. Using SIFT‐MS, we have unambiguously quantified in urine headspace acetone, by far the most abundant ketone, butanone, pentanone, hexanone and heptanone using NO+ precursor ions. Further to this, we have determined the Henry's Law coefficients, HLC, for these ketones in aqueous solution to allow the liquid‐phase concentrations in urine to be estimated from headspace levels of their vapours. In addition, the influence of the addition of physiological amounts of dissolved urea, sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid on the partitioning of these ketones between the aqueous phase and gas phase has been investigated and found to be small, which gives greater credence to the use of the HLC obtained using aqueous solutions for the estimation of ketone concentrations in urine. Finally, parallel measurements of the levels of acetone in exhaled breath and urine headspace have been obtained and shown to be very similar, which gives support to the previous deduction from breath analysis that acetone is a truly systemic compound. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stakeholder relations and the persistence of corporate financial performance
Authors: Choi Jaepil , Wang Heli 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe examine the effect of a firm's relations with its nonfinancial stakeholders, including its employees, suppliers, customers, and communities, on the persistence of both superior and inferior financial performance. In particular, integrating and extending the resource‐based view of the firm and stakeholder management literatures, we develop the arguments that good stakeholder relations not only enable a firm with superior financial performance to sustain its competitive advantage for a longer period of time, but more importantly, also help poorly performing firms to recover from disadvantageous positions more quickly. The arguments are supported by the analysis of a series of first‐order autoregressive models. Our findings further suggest that the positive effect of good stakeholder relations on the persistence of superior performance is not as strong as that of some other firm resources, such as technological knowledge, but it is the only factor examined that promises to help a firm recover from inferior performance. Therefore, the role of positive stakeholder relations in helping poorly performing firms recover is found to be more critical than its role in helping superior firms sustain their performance advantage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block‐Copolymer Vesicles as Nanoreactors for Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Chen Qi , Schönherr Holger , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe impact of the spatial confinement of polystyrene‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) (PS‐b‐PAA) block copolymer (BCP) vesicles on the reactivity of encapsulated bovine pancreas trypsin is studied. Enzymes, as well as small molecules, are encapsulated with loading efficiencies up to 30% in BCP vesicles with variable internal volumes between 0.014 aL (internal vesicle diameter, din = 30 nm) and 8 aL (din = 250 nm), obtained by manipulating the vesicle preparation conditions. The kinetics of the trypsin‐catalyzed reaction of a fluorogenic substrate inside and outside the vesicles is quantitatively estimated using fluorescence spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with the use of NaNO2 as selective quencher for non‐encapsulated fluorophores. The values of the catalytic turnover number obtained for reactions in differently sized nanoscale reactors show a significant increase (up to ≈5×) with decreasing BCP vesicle volume, while the values of the Michaelis–Menten constant decrease. The observed increase in enzyme efficiency by two orders of magnitude compared to bulk solution is attributed to an enhanced rate of enzyme–substrate and molecule–wall collisions inside the nanosized reactors, as predicted in the literature on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations.
Epigenetic Landscaping During hESC Differentiation to Neural Cells
Authors: Golebiewska Anna , Atkinson Stuart P. , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency and lineage specification from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are still largely unclear. To address the role of chromatin structure in maintenance of pluripotency in human ESCs (hESCs) and establishment of lineage commitment, we analyzed a panel of histone modifications at promoter sequences of genes involved in maintenance of pluripotency, self-renewal, and in early stages of differentiation. To understand the changes occurring at lineage-specific gene regulatory sequences, we have established an efficient purification system that permits the examination of two distinct populations of lineage committed cells; fluorescence activated cell sorted CD133+ CD45−CD34− neural stem cells and β-III-tubulin+ putative neurons. Here we report the importance of other permissive marks supporting trimethylation of Lysine 4 H3 at the active stem cell promoters as well as poised bivalent and nonbivalent lineage-specific gene promoters in hESCs. Methylation of lysine 9 H3 was found to play a role in repression of pluripotency-associated and lineage-specific genes on differentiation. Moreover, presence of newly formed bivalent domains was observed at the neural progenitor stage. However, they differ significantly from the bivalent domains observed in hESCs, with a possible role of dimethylation of lysine 9 H3 in repressing the poised genes.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Human Gastrointestinal Neoplasia-Associated Myofibroblasts Can Develop from Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Worthley Daniel L. , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Davies Ruth , Moore Sarah , Nivison-Smith Ian , Bik To L. , Browett Peter , Western Robyn , Durrant Simon , So Jason , Young Graeme P. , Mullighan Charles G. , Bardy Peter G. , Michael Michael Z. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This study characterized the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to human neoplasia and the perineoplastic stroma. The Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry was used to identify solid organ neoplasia that developed in female recipients of male allogeneic stem cell transplants. Eighteen suitable cases were identified including several skin cancers, two gastric cancers, and one rectal adenoma. Light microscopy, fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the nature and origin of the neoplastic and stromal cells. In contrast to recent reports, donor-derived neoplastic cells were not detected. Bone marrow-derived neoplasia-associated myofibroblasts, however, were identified in the rectal adenoma and in a gastric cancer. Bone marrow-derived cells can generate myofibroblasts in the setting of human gastrointestinal neoplasia.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Ag5Se(PO4) and Ag5Te(PO4) with Two‐Dimensional Framework Trapping PO43– anions
Authors: Shestimerova Tatiana A. , Oleneva Olga S. , Mitiaev Alexander S. , Bykov Mikhail A. , Davliatshin Dmitry I. , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNew compounds Ag5Se(PO4) and Ag5Te(PO4) have been synthesized as black air‐stable polycrystalline powders, and their structures determined from X‐ray powder diffraction data. The two new compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the space group P4/nmm (No. 129) with the unit cell parameters a = 6.8886(5), c = 7.2724(7) Å, Z = 2 and a = 7.0098(5), c = 7.3423(7) Å, Z = 2, respectively. Their crystal structures comprise a positively charged silver–chalcogen framework and separate tetrahedral PO43– ions. The framework features irregular coordination of chalcogen atoms with a coordination number of eight and manifold Ag–Ag bonds ranging from 2.89 to 3.23 Å. The interactions within the framework and between the framework and the PO43– anions were analyzed with the help of structural data and vibrational spectra. Ag5Te(PO4) has a room‐temperature conductivity of 4.5 × 10–5 S·m–1 and an activation energy of 0.57 eV in the range 400–500 K.
Dynamic Disorder of Bi82+ Clusters in the Plastic Phase (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9
Authors: Wosylus Aron , Dubenskyy Vitaly , Schwarz Ulrich , Ruck Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBlack, air‐insensitive crystals of the bismuth‐rich tetraiodido‐indate(III) (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9 have been prepared from melts of the contributing elements. X‐ray diffraction on a single crystal at 293 K and 220 K revealed a cubic structure with [InI4]– tetrahedra, isolated Bi3+ ions and rotationally disordered Bi82+ square antiprisms ace group Fmc; a = 20.162(2) Å at T = 293(1)]. The principal arrangement of the complex ions corresponds to the AuCu3 type. The small bulk modulus B0 = 12(1) GPa and its large pressure derivative B0′ = 11(1) as well as the low Debye temperature θD = 52 K are in accordance with a plastic behavior. Cooling below 148(1) K induces the first order transition into an orderedphase with 0.43 % higher density but much larger unit cell and lower crystallographic point group. The transition enthalpy ΔH ≈ 3.8 kJ·mol–1 and transition entropy ΔS ≈ 3 R were determined from specific heat data. A similar reversible phase transition into a lower symmetric structure is observed at a pressure of approximately 5 GPa. (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9 is a diamagnetic semiconductor.
Physical activity assessment and health outcomes in old age: how valid are dose–response relationships in epidemiologic studies?
Authors: Meyer Katharina , Stolz Christian , Rott Christoph , Laederach-Hofmann Kurt 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
In this systematic review the validity of the dose–response relationships between physical activity (PA) and energy expenditure (EE) on defined health outcomes (cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, cancer) for the elderly is questioned. Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were reviewed for epidemiological longitudinal studies in populations aged 60+ for the years 1985–2007. Although most of the 18 identified studies generally demonstrated an inverse dose–response relationship between PA and EE level with morbidity and mortality, the range of dose–responses was remarkably broad. The nature of the dose–response relationship remained unclear. PA questionnaires - even those constructed for the elderly - do not cover the extremely diverse aspects of age-specific PA behavior and modes of muscular activity. Only non-age-specific tables had been used to estimate the EE in the elderly. Direct measurements of EE were limited. The results have implications for the interpretation of the dose–response relationships between PA and EE on defined health outcomes in old age.
Activity‐Based Costing and Its Application in a Turkish University Hospital
Authors: Yereli Ayşe Necef 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTResource management in hospitals is of increasing importance in today's global economy. Traditional accounting systems have become inadequate for managing hospital resources and accurately determining service costs.Conversely, the activity‐based costing approach to hospital accounting is an effective cost management model that determines costs and evaluates financial performance across departments. Obtaining costs that are more accurate can enable hospitals to analyze and interpret costing decisions and make more accurate budgeting decisions.Traditional and activity‐based costing approaches were compared using a cost analysis of gall bladder surgeries in the general surgery department of one university hospital in Manisa, Turkey. AORN J 89 (March 2009) 573–591. © AORN, Inc, 2009.