bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment
Authors: Barrientos Armando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the stratification effects of social protection institutions on employment. The conventional approach, supported by current theories of welfare institutional development, is to assume that the structure of employment shapes social protection institutions. This makes sense when researching the origins of welfare institutions. However, once social protection institutions are in place, they exercise considerable influence on employment. The direction of causality is now from social protection to employment. The discussion in the chapter explores the stratification effects of social protection institutions on the structure of employment. The chapter discussed social protection contribution to three changes in employment in the region: tertiarisation, job polarisation and relocation, and participation in global production networks. Approaching the association between social protection and employment as a causal link brings new insights on social protection institutions in the region.
No trauma-related diagnosis in emergency trauma room whole-body computer tomography of patients with inconspicuous primary survey
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Pepke Julia , Obertacke Udo , Stadthalter Holger 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Whole-body computer tomographic examinations (WBCT) are essential in diagnosing the severely injured. The structured clinical evaluation in the emergency trauma room, according to ATLS® and guidelines, helps to indicate the correct radiological imaging to avoid overtriage and undertriage. This retrospective, single-center study aimed to evaluate the value of WBCT in patients with an inconspicuous primary survey and whether there is any evidence for this investigation in this group of patients.

Methods
This retrospective, single-center study was conducted with patients admitted to a maximum-care hospital and supraregional trauma center in Germany and part of the TraumaNetwork DGU® in southwest Germany between January 2012 and November 2017. Hospital files were used for evaluation, and WBCT was carried out using a 32-row MSCT device from Siemens Healthineers, Volume Zoom, Erlangen, Germany. For evaluation, non-parametric procedures such as the chi-square test, U test, Fisher test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to test for significance (p < 0.05).

Results
From 3976 patients treated with WBCT, 120 patients (3.02%) showed an inconspicuous primary survey. This examination did not reveal any trauma sequelae in any of this group. Additionally, 198 patients (4.98%) showed minor clinical symptoms in the primary survey, but no morphological trauma sequence could be diagnosed in WBCT diagnostics. Three hundred forty-two patients were not admitted as inpatients after WBCT and discharged to further outpatient treatment because there were no objectifiable reasons for inpatient treatment. Four hundred fifteen patients did not receive WBCT for, e.g., isolated extremity trauma, child, pregnancy, or death.

Conclusion
Not one of the clinically asymptomatic patients had an imageable injury after WBCT diagnostics in this study. WBCT should only be performed in severely injured patients after clinical assessment regardless of “trauma mechanism.” According to guidelines and ATLS®, the clinical examination seems to be a safe and reliable method for reasonable and responsible decision-making regarding the realization of WBCT with all well-known risk factors.
Exploring the Topography of the Obturator Artery and Corona Mortis: a Detailed Analysis with Surgical Implications
Authors: Konarska-Włosińska Monika , Ostrowski Patryk , Del Carmen Yika Alicia , Dziedzic Martyna , Bonczar Michał , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
The obturator artery (ObA) is described as a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It arises close to the origin of the umbilical artery, where it is crossed by the ureter. The main goal of the present study was to create an anatomical map of the ObA demonstrating the most frequent locations of the vessel’s origin and course.

Methods
In May 2022, an evaluation of the findings from 75 consecutive patients who underwent computed tomography angiography studies of the abdomen and pelvis was performed.

Results
The presented results are based on a total of 138 arteries. Mostly, ObA originated from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery (79 out of 138; 57.2%). The median ObA diameter at its origin was found to be 3.34 mm (lower quartile [LQ] = 3.00; upper quartile [UQ] = 3.87). The median cross-sectional area of the ObA at its origin was found to be 6.31 mm2 (LQ = 5.43; UQ = 7.32).

Conclusions
Our study developed a unique arterial anatomical map of the ObA, showcasing its origin and course. Moreover, we have provided more data for straightforward intraoperative identification of the corona mortis through simple anatomical landmarks, including the pubic symphysis. Interestingly, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the morphometric properties of the aberrant ObAs and the “normal” ObAs originating from the internal iliac artery was found. It is hoped that our study may aid in reducing the risk of serious hemorrhagic complications during various surgical procedures in the pelvic region.
Hermitian–Yang–Mills connections on some complete non-compact Kähler manifolds
Authors: Zhang Junsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe give an algebraic criterion for the existence of projectively Hermitian–Yang–Mills metrics on a holomorphic vector bundle E over some complete non-compact Kähler manifolds $$(X,\omega )$$

(
X
,
ω
)

, where X is the complement of a divisor in a compact Kähler manifold and we impose some conditions on the cohomology class and the asymptotic behaviour of the Kähler form $$\omega $$
ω
. We introduce the notion of stability with respect to a pair of (1, 1)-classes which generalizes the standard slope stability. We prove that this new stability condition is both sufficient and necessary for the existence of projectively Hermitian–Yang–Mills metrics in our setting.
Effects of different exercise intensities or durations on salivary IgA secretion
Authors: Uchino Takamasa , Uchida Masataka , Ito Reita , Fujie Shumpei , Iemitsu Keiko , Kojima Chihiro , Nakamura Mariko , Shimizu Kazuhiro , Tanimura Yuko , Shinohara Yasushi , Hashimoto Takeshi , Isaka Tadao , Iemitsu Motoyuki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) secretion at different intensities or durations of acute exercise.

Methods
Twelve healthy untrained young males were included in randomized crossover trials in Experiment 1 (cycling exercise for 30 min at a work rate equivalent to 35%, 55%, and 75% maximal oxygen uptake [$${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max]) and Experiment 2 (cycling exercise at 55% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max intensity for 30, 60, and 90 min). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after, and 60 min after each exercise.

Results
Experiment 1: The percentage change in the s-IgA secretion rate in the 75% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max trial was significantly lower than that in the 55% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max trial immediately after exercise (− 45.7%). The percentage change in the salivary concentration of cortisol, an s-IgA regulating factor, immediately after exercise significantly increased compared to that at baseline in the 75% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max trial (+ 107.6%). A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage changes in saliva flow rate and salivary cortisol concentration (r = − 0.52, P < 0.01). Experiment 2: The percentage change in the s-IgA secretion rate in the 90-min trial was significantly lower than that in the 30-min trial immediately after exercise (−37.0%). However, the percentage change in salivary cortisol concentration remained the same.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that a reduction in s-IgA secretion is induced by exercise intensity of greater than or equal to 75% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max for 30 min or exercise duration of greater than or equal to 90 min at 55% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max in healthy untrained young men.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Swallowing Difficulties and Swallowing-Related Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India
Authors: Dodderi Thejaswi , Sreenath Drishti , Shetty Mahima Jayaram , Chilwan Uzair , Rai Santosh P. V. , Moolambally Sheetal Raj , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Kothari Mohit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelf-reported swallowing difficulties are highly prevalent but underreported among older adults. The aging population in India is increasing, yet there is a lack of empirical data on self-reported swallowing difficulties in older adults. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported swallowing difficulties and assess the swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) among community-dwelling older adults in India. We recruited 361 older adults (60–91 years) from the community. Participants completed the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) to assess self-reported swallowing difficulties and the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) to assess swallowing-related QOL. Participants rated the EAT-10 from 0 for ‘no problem’ to 4 for ‘severe problem’. The DHI rating included 0 for ‘never’, 2 for ‘sometimes’, and 4 for ‘always’. The total scores of EAT-10 and DHI were summarised using descriptive statistics. Statistically significant differences between pass–fail groups of EAT-10 and DHI were evaluated using an independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance test, respectively. The overall mean score for EAT-10 was 3.34, and 7.56 for DHI, with higher scores observed among females. 36.6% of older adults self-reported experiencing swallowing difficulties, while 47.4% self-reported having poor swallowing-related QOL at p < 0.05. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.86) was found between EAT-10 and total DHI scores at p < 0.001. The present study sheds light on the widespread yet underreported issue of self-reported swallowing difficulties and the impact on swallowing-related QOL among older adults in India. These findings emphasize the urgent need for early swallowing screening programs among older adults.
Comparison of iCT-based navigation and fluoroscopic-guidance for atlantoaxial screw placement in 78 patients with traumatic cervical spine injuries
Authors: Gierse Jula , Mandelka Eric , Medrow Antonia , Bullert Benno , Gruetzner Paul A. , Franke Jochen , Vetter Sven Y. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background context
Studies have shown biomechanical superiority of cervical pedicle screw placement over other techniques. However, accurate placement is challenging due to the inherent risk of neurovascular complications. Navigation technology based on intraoperative 3D imaging allows highly accurate screw placement, yet studies specifically investigating screw placement in patients with traumatic atlantoaxial injuries are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare atlantoaxial screw placement as treatment of traumatic instabilities using iCT-based navigation or fluoroscopic-guidance with intraoperative 3D control scans.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of patients with traumatic atlantoaxial injuries treated operatively with dorsal stabilization of C1 and C2. Patients were either assigned to the intraoperative navigation or fluoroscopic-guidance group. Screw accuracy, procedure time, and revisions were compared.

Results
Seventy-eight patients were included in this study with 51 patients in the navigation group and 27 patients in the fluoroscopic-guidance group. In total, 312 screws were placed in C1 and C2. Screw accuracy was high in both groups; however, pedicle perforations > 1 mm occurred significantly more often in the fluoroscopic-guidance group (P = 0.02). Procedure time was on average 23 min shorter in the navigation group (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
This study contributes to the available data showing that navigated atlantoaxial screw placement proves to be feasible as well as highly accurate compared to the fluoroscopic-guidance technique without prolonging the time needed for surgery. When comparing these data with other studies, the application of different classification systems for assessment of screw accuracy should be considered.
Effective division of the intersegmental plane using a robotic stapler in robotic pulmonary segmentectomy
Authors: Okazaki Mikio , Suzawa Ken , Shien Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Kohei , Tanaka Shin , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purposes
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) segmentectomy is becoming increasingly common because of the expanded indications for segmentectomy and the widespread adoption of robotic surgery. The precise division of the intersegmental plane is necessary to ensure oncologic margins from the tumor and to preserve the lung function. In this study, we present a strategy for accurately dividing the intersegmental plane using a robotic stapler and review the surgical outcomes.

Methods
RATS portal segmentectomy was performed using the Da Vinci Xi system and the intersegmental plane was dissected using a robotic stapler. We evaluated the perioperative outcomes in 92 patients who underwent RATS portal segmentectomy between May 2020 and January 2023. These results were compared with those of 82 patients who underwent complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (CVATS) during the same period.

Results
The operative and console times were 162 and 97 min, respectively. No intraoperative complications occurred, and postoperative complications were observed in four cases (4.3%). The operative time, blood loss, postoperative complications, and maximum incision size were significantly lower in the RATS group than in the CVATS group. However, RATS requires a significantly higher number of staplers than CVATS.

Conclusions
The division of the intersegmental plane using a robotic stapler in RATS portal segmentectomy was, therefore, found to be safe and effective.
Improvement of diabetes-induced spinal cord axon injury with taurine via nerve growth factor-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Yachen , Gao Bihu , Chen Xiaochi , Shi Xiaoxia , Li Shuangyue , Zhang Qing , Zhang Cong , Piao Fengyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common neurological complication caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Axonal degeneration is generally accepted to be the major pathological change in peripheral DN. Taurine has been evidenced to be neuroprotective in various aspects, but its effect on spinal cord axon injury (SCAI) in DN remains barely reported. This study showed that taurine significantly ameliorated axonal damage of spinal cord (SC), based on morphological and functional analyses, in a rat model of DN induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Taurine was also found to induce neurite outgrowth in cultured cerebral cortex neurons with high glucose exposure. Moreover, taurine up-regulated the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurite outgrowth relative protein GAP-43 in rat DN model and cultured cortical neurons/VSC4.1 cells. Besides, taurine increased the activating phosphorylation signals of TrkA, Akt, and mTOR. Mechanistically, the neuroprotection by taurine was related to the NGF–pAKT–mTOR axis, because either NGF-neutralizing antibody or Akt or mTOR inhibitors was found to attenuate its beneficial effects. Together, our results demonstrated that taurine promotes spinal cord axon repair in a model of SCAI in STZ-induced diabetic rats, mechanistically associating with the NGF-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway.
Revisiting clustering for efficient unsupervised dialogue structure induction
Authors: Raedt Maarten De , Godin Fréderic , Develder Chris , Demeester Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the development of a task-oriented dialogue system, defining the dialogue structure is a time-consuming task. Hence, several works have looked into automatically inferring it from data, e.g., actual conversations between a customer and a support agent. To recover such dialogue structure, recent methods based on discrete variational models learn to jointly encode and cluster utterances in dialogue states, but (i) represent utterances by only considering preceding dialogue context, and (ii) are slow to train since they are optimized with a compute-expensive decoding objective. We revisit and improve upon an existing efficient pipeline approach, commonly adopted as a baseline, that first encodes utterances and then clusters them with k-means to induce the dialogue structure. However, the existing approach represents utterances as bag-of-words or skip-thought vectors, which have been shown to perform poorly in semantic similarity tasks, and without considering dialogue context. We therefore first investigate the use of more powerful transformer-based encoders for encoding utterances. Next, we propose ellodar, a method for learning representations that capture both preceding and subsequent dialogue context, inspired by word-to-vec training strategies. ellodar is efficient since representations are learned directly in the encoding space by finetuning just a single linear layer on top of a frozen sentence encoder with a vector-to-vector regression training objective. Extensive experiments on representative datasets for dialogue structure induction (SimDial, Schema Guided Dialogues, DSTC2, and CamRest676) demonstrate that in terms of effectiveness to induce the correct dialogue structure, (i) clustering utterances represented by transformed-based encoders improves recent joint models by 13%–32% on standard cluster metrics, and (ii) clustering ellodar’s representations yields additional improvements ranging from +20% to +26%, with speedups of $$\times $$
×
$$\textbf{10}$$
10
–$$\textbf{10}^{\textbf{4}}$$

10
4

compared to the recent joint models.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Regulate Surgical Brain Injury by Activating the cGAS-STING Pathway
Authors: Li Bingbing , Xu Lixia , Wang Zhengang , Shi Qi , Cui Yang , Fan Weijia , Wu Qiaoli , Tong Xiaoguang , Yan Hua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurgical brain injury (SBI), induced by neurosurgical procedures or instruments, has not attracted adequate attention. The pathophysiological process of SBI remains sparse compared to that of other central nervous system diseases thus far. Therefore, novel and effective therapies for SBI are urgently needed. In this study, we found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were present in the circulation and brain tissues of rats after SBI, which promoted neuroinflammation, cerebral edema, neuronal cell death, and aggravated neurological dysfunction. Inhibition of NETs formation by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor or disruption of NETs with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) attenuated SBI-induced damages and improved the recovery of neurological function. We show that SBI triggered the activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING), and that inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway could be beneficial. It is worth noting that DNase I markedly suppressed the activation of cGAS-STING, which was reversed by the cGAS product cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGMP-AMP, cGAMP). Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of DNase I in SBI was also abolished by cGAMP. NETs may participate in the pathophysiological regulation of SBI by acting through the cGAS-STING pathway. We also found that high-dose vitamin C administration could effectively inhibit the formation of NETs post-SBI. Thus, targeting NETs may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for SBI treatment, and high-dose vitamin C intervention may be a promising translational therapy with an excellent safety profile and low cost.
Graphical Abstract
The schematic diagram shows the formation of NETs activated cGAS-STING pathway after SBI, leading to increased microglia activation, accompanied with elevation of inflammatory factors, which in turn aggravated brain injury.
Atypical Time to Contact Estimation in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Vagnetti Roberto , Vicovaro Michele , Spoto Andrea , Battaglini Luca , Attanasio Margherita , Valenti Marco , Mazza Monica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present atypical sensory processing in the perception of moving stimuli and biological motion. The present study aims to explore the performance of young adults with ASD in a time to contact (TTC) estimation task involving social and non-social stimuli. TTC estimation involves extrapolating the trajectory of a moving target concealed by an occluder, based on the visible portion of its path, to predict the target’s arrival time at a specific position. Sixteen participants with a diagnosis of level-1 ASD (M = 19.2 years, SE = 0.54 years; 3 F, 13 M) and sixteen participants with TD (M = 22.3 years, SE = 0.44 years; 3 F, 13 M) took part in the study and underwent a TTC estimation task. The task presented two object types (a car and a point-light walker), different object speeds, occluder lengths, motion directions and motion congruency. For the car object, a larger overestimation of TTC emerged for ASDs than for TDs, whereas no difference between ASDs and TDs emerged for the point-light walker. ASDs exhibited a larger TTC overestimation for the car object than for the point-light walker, whereas no difference between object types emerged for TDs. Our results indicated an atypical TTC estimation process in young adults with ASD. Given its importance in daily life, future studies should further explore this skill. Significant effects that emerged from the analysis are discussed.
Automated assembly quality inspection by deep learning with 2D and 3D synthetic CAD data
Authors: Zhu Xiaomeng , Mårtensson Pär , Hanson Lars , Björkman Mårten , Maki Atsuto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the manufacturing industry, automatic quality inspections can lead to improved product quality and productivity. Deep learning-based computer vision technologies, with their superior performance in many applications, can be a possible solution for automatic quality inspections. However, collecting a large amount of annotated training data for deep learning is expensive and time-consuming, especially for processes involving various products and human activities such as assembly. To address this challenge, we propose a method for automated assembly quality inspection using synthetic data generated from computer-aided design (CAD) models. The method involves two steps: automatic data generation and model implementation. In the first step, we generate synthetic data in two formats: two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) point clouds. In the second step, we apply different state-of-the-art deep learning approaches to the data for quality inspection, including unsupervised domain adaptation, i.e., a method of adapting models across different data distributions, and transfer learning, which transfers knowledge between related tasks. We evaluate the methods in a case study of pedal car front-wheel assembly quality inspection to identify the possible optimal approach for assembly quality inspection. Our results show that the method using Transfer Learning on 2D synthetic images achieves superior performance compared with others. Specifically, it attained 95% accuracy through fine-tuning with only five annotated real images per class. With promising results, our method may be suggested for other similar quality inspection use cases. By utilizing synthetic CAD data, our method reduces the need for manual data collection and annotation. Furthermore, our method performs well on test data with different backgrounds, making it suitable for different manufacturing environments.