bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Health Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Assisted Living Facilities in New York State: March 2020-December 2022
Authors: D'Ascanio Antonella M. , Hewlett Dial , Davda Karen , Montecalvo Marisa A. 
Published: April 2024

Context:
Assisted living facility (ALF) residents are especially vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the age and comorbidities of the resident population and the social nature of these facilities.

Objective:
To collate all New York State Department of Health guidance and regulations to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection within ALFs from March 2020 through December 2022 and to include US Food and Drug Administration COVID-19 testing and vaccine authorizations.

Design:
A narrative chronological review of all New York State Department of Health guidance.

Results:
Documents and associated guidance and regulations are divided into 4 sections: (1) lockdown until COVID-19 vaccine emergency use authorization; (2) COVID-19 vaccine authorization until phased reopening; (3) phased reopening, vaccination requirements, and booster vaccination; (4) the period of the bivalent booster.

Conclusion:
Controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within ALFs required a multifactorial approach that included stringent infection control measures, testing, and vaccination and careful attention to the social structure and support systems within ALFs. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlighted the complexity of controlling spread of an easily transmissible respiratory pathogen in assisted living communities and the need to structure infection control programs within the diverse ALFs that provide care for our aging population.
Prevalence of Burnout Among Public Health Professionals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spencer-Hwang Rhonda , Cruz Analyn , Ong MY , Chitanda Ashley , Harvey Yolisa , Hwang Jayden , Shah Huma , Tamares Shanalee , Wilber Lori 
Published: April 2024

Context:
Since the initial outbreak of COVID-19, health professionals—both clinical health care, as well as public health concentrations—have faced tremendous pressures. A growing body of literature indicates the pandemic has magnified already prevalent burnout rates among clinical health professionals and to what extent for public health professionals remains to be determined.

Objective:
This study purpose is to conduct a systematic review of literature examining burnout prevalence among public health professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic—nationally and internationally—with identification of potential risk factors.

Design:
We conducted a literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and ClinicalKey since inception through April 4, 2023. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed, original research studies (qualitative or quantitative), in English, assessing prevalence of, or risk factors for, burnout in public health professionals. Two authors independently screened abstracts, titles, full report of studies and abstracted data related to burnout. This review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Reviews guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines with narrative synthesis. Protocol for this review registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023424468).

Results:
Of 3327 health-related articles mentioning burnout, 15 met inclusion criteria (11 quantitative and 4 qualitative) with 10 in international settings and 5 in US majority of quantitative studies were from international settings and only 1 in United States. Seventy-eight percent of studies that included prevalence data, exhibited a burnout prevalence greater than 50% (with a range of 19%-81%). The pandemic likely heightened (13% increase) already elevated burnout prevalence. Major risk factors identified included overwork, lack of support, changing roles, and full-time employment status, though many risk factors had not been studied in the United States.

Conclusions:
Burnout is prevalent among public health professionals, nationally and internationally, and likely heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. More research is warranted assessing burnout among differing public health concentrations and interventions developed. Public health is an essential framework for protecting and promoting health nationally and internationally, and we need to ensure and support solidity of that framework.
Latent Profiles of Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy in Chinese Residents and Its Related Predictors
Authors: Du Yawen , Wang Xiaokang , Bu Xiaoou , Hu Fawen , Long Junwei , Wang Pei 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to explore the latent profiles of coronavirus-related health literacy among Chinese residents and investigate whether some predictive factors are linked with different latent subgroups of coronavirus-related health literacy.

Design/Setting:
This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese residents beginning in April 2020.

Participants:
A total of 1610 Chinese residents aged 15 to 69 years were involved and were asked to complete the questionnaire about coronavirus-related health literacy, demographic information, and COVID-19 pandemic-related information.

Main Outcome Measure:
Examined the latent profiles of coronavirus-related health literacy and explored the influencing factors of different profiles of coronavirus-related health literacy.

Results:
The results showed that there were 3 latent subgroups, namely, high coronavirus-related health literacy (45.53%), medium coronavirus-related health literacy (47.76%), and low coronavirus-related health literacy (6.71%). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, education, and the frequency of exposure to news about the pandemic could predict group membership.

Conclusions:
Most Chinese residents have medium coronavirus-related health literacy. Education is an important factor that has a long-term stable influence on coronavirus-related health literacy, and the frequency of exposure to news about the pandemic is a factor that can improve coronavirus-related health literacy in a short time.
Solid organ transplant-related central nervous system infections
Authors: Morado-Aramburo Oscar , Hasbun Rodrigo 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Central nervous system (CNS) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may present atypical or nonspecific symptoms. Due to a wider range of infectious agents compared with immunocompetent hosts, diagnosis is challenging. This review categorizes CNS infections in SOT recipients by cause.

Recent findings
New studies have reported new data on the epidemiology and the risk factors associated with each specific pathogen described in this review. Additionally, we included the treatment recommendations.

Summary
The latest findings give us an insight into the different pathogens causing infectious neurologic complications in SOT recipients.
Benchmark Outcomes in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Multicenter Analysis of 80 996 Transplants From 126 Centers
Authors: Rompianesi Gianluca , Montalti Roberto , Vrakas Georgios , Zarrinpar Ali , Warren Curtis , Loiaco Giuseppe , Rubba Fabiana , Troisi Roberto I. 
Published: April 2024

Background.
We defined clinically relevant benchmark values in deceased donor kidney transplantation (KT), to assess the best achievable results in low-risk patient cohorts from experienced centers.

Methods.
We identified the “ideal” cases from the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files from centers performing ≥50 KT per year between 2010 and 2018. Cases have been selected based on the kidney donor profile index values (<35%), a cold ischemia time (CIT) ≤18 h, a HLA mismatch ≤4, and excluding blood group (ABO) incompatible, dual and combined transplants. The outcomes of the benchmark cohort have been compared with a group of patients excluded from the benchmark cohort because but not meeting 1 or more of the abovementioned criteria.

Results.
The 171 424 KT patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files were screened and 8694 benchmark cases of a total of 80 996 KT (10.7%) from 126 centers meeting the selection criteria were identified. The benchmarks for 1-, 3-, and 5-y patient survival are ≥97%, ≥92.5%, and ≥86.7%, and ≥95.4%, ≥87.8%, and ≥79.6% for graft survival. Benchmark cutoff for hospital length of stay is ≤5 d, ≤23.6% for delayed graft function, and ≤7.5% and ≤9.1% for 6-mo and 1-y incidence of acute rejection. Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-y actuarial graft survivals were 96.6%, 91.1%, and 84.2% versus 93.5%, 85.4%, and 75.5% in the benchmark and comparison groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-y actuarial patient survivals were 98.1%, 94.8%, and 90.0% versus 96.6%, 91.1%, and 83.0% in the benchmark and comparison groups, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
For the first time, we quantified the best achievable postoperative results in an ideal scenario in deceased donor KT, aimed at improving the clinical practice guided by the comparison of center performances with the ideal outcomes defined.
Current Status of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy: Investigating Structural Racial Disparity
Authors: Vadlakonda Amulya , Curry Joanna , Gao Zihan , Chervu Nikhil , Ali Konmal , Lee Hanjoo , Thompson Carlie K , Benharash Peyman 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) remains a personal decision, influenced by psychosocial factors, including cosmesis and peace of mind. Although use of CPM is disproportionately low among Black patients, the degree to which these disparities are driven by patient- vs hospital-level factors remains unknown.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients undergoing mastectomy for nonmetastatic ductal or lobular breast cancer were tabulated using the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2020. The primary endpoint was receipt of CPM. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed with interaction terms between Black-serving hospital (BSH) status and patient race to evaluate associations with CPM. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate long-term survival.

RESULTS:
Of 597,845 women studied, 70,911 (11.9%) were Black. After multivariable adjustment, Black race (adjusted odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.67) and treatment at BSH (adjusted odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.85) were independently linked to lower odds of CPM. Although predicted probability of CPM was universally lower at higher BSH, Black patients faced a steeper reduction compared with White patients. Receipt of CPM was linked to improved survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.86), whereas Black race was associated with a greater HR of 10-year mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.17).

CONCLUSIONS:
Hospitals serving a greater proportion of Black patients are less likely to use CPM, suggestive of disparities in access to CPM at the institutional level. Further research and education are needed to characterize surgeon-specific and institutional practices in patient counseling and shared decision-making that shape disparities in access to CPM.
In vivoAuto-tuning of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Delivery for Effective Immunotherapy using High-Avidity, Low-Affinity Antibodies
Authors: Kopp Anna , Dong Shujun , Kwon Hyeyoung , Wang Tiexin , Desai Alec A. , Linderman Jennifer J. , Tessier Peter , Thurber Greg M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have experienced a surge in clinical approvals in the past five years. Despite this success, a major limitation to ADC efficacy in solid tumors is poor tumor penetration, which leaves many cancer cells untargeted. Increasing antibody doses or co-administering ADC with an unconjugated antibody can improve tumor penetration and increase efficacy when target receptor expression is high. However, it can also reduce efficacy in low-expression tumors where ADC delivery is limited by cellular uptake. This creates an intrinsic problem because many patients express different levels of target between tumors and even within the same tumor. Here, we generated High-Avidity, Low-Affinity (HALA) antibodies that can automatically tune the cellular ADC delivery to match the local expression level. Using HER2 ADCs as a model, HALA antibodies were identified with the desired HER2 expression-dependent competitive binding with ADCsin vitro. Multi-scale distribution of trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan co-administered with the HALA antibody were analyzedin vivo, revealing that the HALA antibody increased ADC tumor penetration in high-expression systems with minimal reduction in ADC uptake in low-expression tumors. This translated to greater ADC efficacy in immunodeficient mouse models across a range of HER2 expression levels. Furthermore, Fc-enhanced HALA antibodies showed improved Fc-effector function at both high and low expression levels and elicited a strong response in an immunocompetent mouse model. These results demonstrate that HALA antibodies can expand treatment ranges beyond high expression targets and leverage strong immune responses.
The growth rate of senile plaques is determined by the competition between the rate of deposition of free Aβ aggregates into plaques and the autocatalytic production of free Aβ aggregates
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits (senile plaques) is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigates what processes are primarily responsible for their formation. A model is developed to simulate the diffusion of amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers, the production of free Aβ aggregates through nucleation and autocatalytic processes, and the deposition of these aggregates into senile plaques. The model suggests that efficient degradation of Aβ monomers alone may suffice to prevent the growth of senile plaques, even without degrading Aβ aggregates and existing plaques. This is because the degradation of Aβ monomers interrupts the supply of reactants needed for plaque formation. The impact of Aβ monomer diffusivity is demonstrated to be small, enabling the application of the lumped capacitance approximation and the derivation of approximate analytical solutions for limiting cases with both small and large rates of Aβ aggregate deposition into plaques. It is found that the rate of plaque growth is governed by two competing processes. One is the deposition rate of free Aβ aggregates into senile plaques. If this rate is small, the plaque grows slowly. However, if the rate of deposition of Aβ aggregates into senile plaques is very large, the free Aβ aggregates are removed from the intracellular fluid by deposition into the plaques, leaving insufficient free Aβ aggregates to catalyze the production of new aggregates. This suggests that under certain conditions, Aβ plaques may offer neuroprotection and impede their own growth. Additionally, it indicates that there exists an optimal rate of deposition of free Aβ aggregates into the plaques, at which the plaques attain their maximum size.
Loss of precise auditory sampling as a sign of value-driven visual attentional capture
Authors: Harcevnicow Rodrigo Caramés , Sánchez-Costa Thaiz , Carboni Alejandra , Constantino Francisco Cervantes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBy linking with rewards, sensory signals gain salience and the ability to influence selective attention even when they have become irrelevant. The dynamics of reward-driven distraction in the brain remains unclear, particularly at the time of shaping multisensory associations. It is unknown whether reward-driven distraction by visual signals interferes with the robust ability of the brain to phase-lock to auditory modulations. In a dynamic audiovisual (AV) coherence task, we investigated how visual reward associations affect performance and modulate auditory encoding precision. Participants were presented with dual visual object streams flickering at different rates, accompanied by an amplitude-modulated sound matching one of the flicker periods, for subjects to identify the matching visual object. At the periphery, an irrelevant color feature flickers in sync with the target and may capture observers’ attention, due to a prior color-reward association training regime. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings assessed participants’ sensitivity to the audiovisual task. The findings indicate that target discrimination was impoverished in the presence of colors that had previously been associated with reward. The phase locking of auditory responses also decreased, evidencing an attentional shift away from auditory modulation representations. Moreover, down-modulations of auditory phase locking predicted the effect size of participants’ reward-driven distraction. These findings highlight how value-driven attentional capture fundamentally alters multimodal processing in the temporal domain. They suggest that less precise neural representations of unisensory streams not connected to reward-associated cues undermine the processing of temporal coherence relationships between multisensory streams. Momentary inter-modal competition, induced by reward-driven distraction, appears consistent with the systematic exploit of gaps in active attentional sampling strategies that unfold over time.
Callose Deficiency Modulates Plasmodesmata frequency and the intercellular space In Rice Anthers
Authors: Somashekar Harsha , Takanami Keiko , Benitez-Alfonso Yoselin , Oishi Akane , Hiratsuka Rie , Nonomura Ken-Ichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFertilization relies on pollen mother cells able to transit from mitosis-to-meiosis to supply gametes. This process involves remarkable changes at the molecular, cellular and physiological levels including (but not limited to) remodelling of cell wall. During meiosis onset, cellulose content at the pollen mother cell walls gradually declines with the concurrent deposition of the polysaccharide callose in anther locules. We aim to understand the biological significance of cellulose-to-callose turnover in pollen mother cells walls using electron microscopic analyses of rice flowers. Our observations indicate that in wild type anthers, the mitosis-to-meiosis transition coincides with a gradual reduction in the number of cytoplasmic connections called plasmodesmata. A mutant in theOryza sativacallose synthase GSL5, impaired in callose accumulation in premeiotic and meiotic anthers, displayed a reduction in plasmodesmata frequency among pollen mother cells and tapetal cells suggesting a role for callose in plasmodesmata maintenance. In addition, a significant increase in cell-cell distance between pollen mother cells and impaired premeiotic cell shaping was observed in the mutant. The results suggest that cellulose-to-callose turnover during mitosis-meiosis transition is necessary to maintain cell-to-cell connections and optimal intercellular spacing among anther locular cells explaining the regulatory influence of callose metabolism during meiosis in flowering plants.HighlightsCellulose-to-callose switch during meiosis onset in pollen mother cell walls correlates with changes in cytoplasmic connections called plasmodesmata, among meiocytes and between meiocytes and surrounding somatic cells.A mutant in GSL5 (glucan synthase like 5) affects callose deposition but no other cell wall component (e.g., cellulose) in premeiotic and meiotic anthers, except at dyad stage.Impaired callose synthesis is proposed to alter plasmodesmata frequency, the extracellular spacing and the shaping of pollen mother cells during mitosis-to-meiosis transition.Increase in plasmodesmata frequency negatively correlates with cell-cell distance between pollen mother cells in both wildtype and a callose mutant.
TRIP12 governs DNA Polymerase β involvement in DNA damage response and repair
Authors: Inanc Burcu , Fang Qingming , Andrews Joel F. , Zeng Xuemei , Clark Jennifer , Li Jianfeng , Dey Nupur B. , Ibrahim Md , Sykora Peter , Yu Zhongxun , Braganza Andrea , Verheij Marcel , Jonkers Jos , Yates Nathan A. , Vens Conchita , Sobol Robert W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe multitude of DNA lesion types, and the nuclear dynamic context in which they occur, present a challenge for genome integrity maintenance as this requires the engagement of different DNA repair pathways. Specific ‘repair controllers’ that facilitate DNA repair pathway crosstalk between double strand break (DSB) repair and base excision repair (BER), and regulate BER protein trafficking at lesion sites, have yet to be identified. We find that DNA polymerase β (Polβ), crucial for BER, is ubiquitylated in a BER complex-dependent manner by TRIP12, an E3 ligase that partners with UBR5 and restrains DSB repair signaling. Here we find that, TRIP12, but not UBR5, controls cellular levels and chromatin loading of Polβ. Required for Polβ foci formation, TRIP12 regulates Polβ involvement after DNA damage. Notably, excessive TRIP12-mediated shuttling of Polβ affects DSB formation and radiation sensitivity, underscoring its precedence for BER. We conclude that the herein discovered trafficking function at the nexus of DNA repair signaling pathways, towards Polβ-directed BER, optimizes DNA repair pathway choice at complex lesion sites.Graphical Abstract
Towards improving full-length ribosome density prediction by bridging sequence and graph-based representations
Authors: Nallapareddy Mohan Vamsi , Craighero Francesco , Gobet Cédric , Naef Felix , Vandergheynst Pierre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTranslation elongation plays an important role in regulating protein concentrations in the cell, and dysregulation of this process has been linked to several human diseases. In this study, we use data from ribo-seq experiments to model ribosome densities, and in turn, predict the speed of translation. The proposed method, RiboGL, combines graph and recurrent neural networks to account for both graph and sequence-based features. The model takes a graph representing the secondary structure of the mRNA sequence as input, which incorporates both sequence and structural codon neighbors. In our experiments, RiboGL greatly outperforms the state-of-the-art RiboMIMO model for ribosome density prediction. We also conduct ablation studies to justify the design choices made in building the pipeline. Additionally, we use gradient-based interpretability to understand how the codon context and the structural neighbors affect the ribosome density at the A-site. By individually analyzing the genes in the dataset, we elucidate how structural neighbors could also potentially play a role in defining the ribosome density. Importantly, since these neighbors can be far away in the sequence, a recurrent model alone could not easily extract this information. This study lays the foundation for understanding how the mRNA secondary structure can be exploited for ribosome density prediction, and how in the future other graph modalities such as features from the nascent polypeptide can be used to further our understanding of translation in general.