bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job satisfaction and importance for intensive care unit research coordinators: results from binational survey
Authors: Rickard Claire M , Roberts Brigit L , Foote Jonathon , McGrail Matthew R 
Published: August 2007

Objective. To measure Intensive Care Unit Research coordinator job satisfaction and importance and to identify priorities for role development.Background. Research coordinator numbers are growing internationally in response to increasing clinical research activity. In Australia, 1% of registered nurses work principally in research, many as Research coordinators. Internationally, the Association of Clinical Research Professionals currently has 6536 certified Research coordinators in 13 countries, with likely additional large numbers practicing without the voluntary certification. Research coordinators are almost always nurses, but little is know about this emerging specialty.Design. Cross‐sectional study using anonymous self‐report questionnaire.Methods. After ethics approval, the McCloskey–Mueller Satisfaction Scale and McCloskey–Mueller Importance Scale were administered via the Internet. The sample was 49 (response rate 71%) Research coordinators from the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Unit Research coordinators’ Interest Group.Results. Research coordinators were satisfied with structural aspects of the position working business hours; flexibility of working hours; high levels of responsibility and control over their work. Dissatisfaction was expressed regarding: remuneration and recognition; compensation for weekend work; salary package; career advancement opportunities; and childcare facilities.Conclusions. High priorities for role development are those rated highly important but with much lower satisfaction. These are: compensation for weekend call‐out work; salary and remuneration package; recognition by management and clinicians; career advancement opportunities; departmental research processes; encouragement and feedback; and number of working hours.Relevance to clinical practice. Increasing numbers of nurses have been attracted to this clinically based research position. These data contribute to the understanding and development of the role.
Genetics and evolution of weedy Helianthus annuus populations: adaptation of an agricultural weed
Authors: KANE NOLAN C. , RIESEBERG LOREN H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAgricultural weeds are a major cost to economies throughout the world, and have evolved from numerous plant species in many different plant families. Despite their ubiquity, we do not yet know how easily or often weeds evolve from their wild ancestors or the kinds of genes underlying their evolution. Here we report on the evolution of weedy populations of the common sunflower Helianthus annuus. We analysed 106 microsatellites in 48 individuals from each of six wild and four weed populations of the species. The statistical tests lnRV and lnRH were used to test for significant reductions in genetic variability at each locus in weedy populations compared to nearby wild populations. Between 1% and 6% of genes were significant outliers with reduced variation in weedy populations, implying that a small but not insignificant fraction of the genome may be under selection and involved in adaptation of weedy sunflowers. However, there did not appear to be a substantial reduction in variation across the genome, suggesting that effective population sizes have remained very large during the recent evolution of these weedy populations. Additional analyses showed that weedy populations are more closely related to nearby wild populations than to each other, implying that weediness likely evolved multiple times within the species, although a single origin followed by gene flow with local populations cannot be ruled out. Together, our results point to the relative ease with which weedy forms of this species can evolve and persist despite the potentially high levels of geneflow with nearby wild populations.
Experimental studies of evolution in guppies: a model for understanding the evolutionary consequences of predator removal in natural communities
Authors: REZNICK DAVID N. , GHALAMBOR CAMERON K. , CROOKS KEVIN 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGuppies (Poecilia reticulata) in Trinidadian streams are found with a diversity of predators in the lower reaches of streams, but few predators in the headwaters. These differences have caused the adaptive evolution of guppy behaviour, morphology, male colouration and life history. Waterfalls often serve as barriers to the upstream distribution of predators and/or guppies. Such discontinuities make it possible to treat streams like giant test tubes by introducing guppies or predators to small segments of streams from which they were previously excluded. Such experiments enable us to document how fast evolution can occur and the fine spatial scales over which adaptation is possible. They also demonstrate that the role predators play in structuring this ecosystem resembles many others studied from a more purely ecological perspective; in these streams, as elsewhere, predators depress the numbers of individuals in prey species which in turn reduces the effects of the prey species on other trophic levels and hence the structure of the ecosystem. A focus on predators is important in conservation biology because predators are often the organisms that are most susceptible to local extinction. Their selective loss occurs because large predators have been deliberately exterminated and/or are more susceptible to environmental disturbances. Furthermore, we will argue that predator re‐introductions might be destabilizing if, in the absence of predators, their prey have evolved in a fashion that makes them highly susceptible to predation, even after time intervals as short as 50–100 years. A better understanding of the evolutionary impacts of top predators will be critical goal for the policy and practice of large carnivore restoration in the future.
Filaria/Wolbachia activation of dendritic cells and development of Th1‐associated responses is dependent on Toll‐like receptor 2 in a mouse model of ocular onchocerciasis (river blindness)
Authors: DAEHNEL K. , GILLETTE‐FERGUSON I. , HISE A. G. , DIACONU E. , HARLING M. J. , HEINZEL F. P. , PEARLMAN E. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) regulate dendritic cell function and activate signals that mediate the nature of the adaptive immune response. The current study examined the role of TLRs in dendritic cell activation and in regulating T cell and antibody responses to antigens from the filarial parasites Onchocerca volvulus and Brugia malayi, which cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis, respectively. Bone‐marrow‐derived CD11c+ cells from C57BL/6 and TLR4−/– mice produced high levels of IL‐6 and RANTES, and showed elevated surface CD40 expression, whereas CD11c+ cells from myeloid differentiation factor 88−/– (MyD88−/–), TLR2−/– and TLR2/4−/– mice were not activated. Similarly, IFN‐γ production by splenocytes from immunized TLR2−/– mice was significantly impaired compared with splenocytes from C57BL/6 and TLR4−/– mice. In contrast, there was no difference among these strains in Th2‐associated responses including IL‐5 production by splenocytes from immunized animals, serum IgE and IgG1, or eosinophil infiltration into the corneal stroma. Neutrophil recruitment to the cornea and CXC chemokine production was inhibited in immunized TLR2−/– mice compared with C57BL/6 and TLR4−/– mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an essential role for TLR2 in filaria‐induced dendritic cell activation, IFN‐γ production and neutrophil migration to the cornea, but does not affect filaria‐induced Th2‐associated responses.
Whole blood donor deferral rate and characteristics of the Turkish population
Authors: Arslan Ö. 
Published: August 2007

summary Whole blood (WB) donors are deferred for several reasons, either permanently or temporarily. In this retrospective study, we quantified the rate of and reasons for donor deferral among Turkish donors.Computer records of the last 5 years were analysed to quantify the deferral rate and reasons. Deferrals were categorized as temporary short‐term (1–56 days), long‐term (57–365 days) and multiple years or permanent (more than 365 days). Deferred donors were also analysed according to gender, age and education level.A total of 95 317 persons were admitted for WB donation: 89·1% of them were male donors and 59·9% were in the 30 to 49‐year old age category. Rates of deferral for temporary short‐term, long‐term, permanent or for unknown reasons were 66, 22·5, 10 and 1·5% respectively. Female donors were deferred more frequently than male donors (25·8 vs. 13·3%, P≤ 0·0001). The deferral rates were significantly different among the different age groups (P < 0·0001). Donor education level had no effect on the deferral rates (P > 0·05). The main reason for deferral was common cold and/or sore throat or elevated temperature (20·4%) in male donors and low haemoglobin (51·6%) in female donors. Although the three uppermost reasons for deferral in women were identical for all age categories, these varied in the male group (high‐risk sex partner for the younger group vs. hypertension and low haemoglobin for the older group).Although permanent and temporary deferral rates are similar between the Turkish population and western countries, leading causes vary widely.
A Case Report of Borrmann 2 Type Gastric Cancer Complicated with Lung Cancer and Treated with Laserthermia
Authors: MUTO Nobuyoshi , SHIBATA Harumichi , SHIINA Yasubumi , TAKAYASU Hiroyuki , KONAGAYA Minoru , AOKI Jun , SUZUKI Sohtaro , MIWA Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: A 52 year‐old female was admitted to our hospital for lung cancer. We performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for her complaint of epigastralgia, and diagnosed Borrmann 2 type gastric cancer on the posterior wall of the angle.Chemotherapy with CDDP and VDS was commenced for lung cancer, and endoscopic Nd‐ YAG laser local hyperthermia (Laserthermia) was carried out for gastric cancer. Nd‐ YAG laser provided computer‐controlled thermo‐monitering system was irradiated in 3W, intermittently. Laserthermia could be applied safely to the clinical endoscopy.Conclusions were as follows; 1) Borrmann 2 type gastric cancer complicated with lung cancer was treated with laserthermia without severe complication. 2) This is the first report that the Laserthermia controlled by computer thermo‐system was put in to clinical use. 3) Laserthermia with chemotherapy was more effective than laserthermia alone.
Acute Gastric Lesions Induced by Transcatheter Arterial Embolization and Intra‐arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: OKUHIRA Masaru , NAKANO Toshiaki , KUNIEDA Kouji , KITAJIMA Tomoko , AMOU Yasuo , NONAKA Tsuneyuki , HIRAMATSU Arata , MIZUNO Takako , SAMESHIMA Yoshiko 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:We performed an endoscopic study of the acute gastric lesions induced by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and infusion chemotherapy (one shot infusion: OSI). Forty‐eight patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated, and of them, 25 received TAE and 23 were treated with OSI. Endoscopy was performed within 1 week both before and after therapy and any gastric mucosal changes were noted. Before treatment, all patients had gastric lesions such as redness, erosion, hemorrhage and ulcer. These lesions were exacerbated or new lesions appeared after both TAE and OSI in about 50% of the subjects, and no significant difference in the incidence of lesions was observed between these two treatments. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the exacerbation or new appearance of gastric lesions and the Child's classification, the catheter position, or the presence or absence of A‐P shunt or portal thrombus.The appearance and/or exacerbation of these gastric lesions was not prevented by the administration of common antiulcer drugs before treatment. Thus the possibility that these gastric effects of TAE and OSI may occur should always be kept in mind and appropriate preventive or therapeutic measures should be adopted.
Clinical and Endoscopic Study of Ischemic Colitis
Authors: IGARASHI Masahiro , KATSUMATA Tomoe , YAMAMOTO Yoshimasa , MITOMI Hiroyuki , KOBAYASHI Kiyonori , HONMA Jiro , SAIGENJI Katsunori , OKABE Haruya , SEGAWA Kenichi , ATARI Hideo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:The clinical signs and symptoms of ischemic colitis have been analyzed. Eighty‐one cases were investigated; there were 62 cases of the transient type, 15 of the stricturing type, and 4 cases of the gangrenous type. All cases were diagnosed by colonoscopy.In addition, the healing process of the transient type, observed by colonoscopy, was analyzed. The results were noted as follows.1. Sudden onset of abdominal pain was the initial complaint in most of the cases. The onset time of this pain was morning (8.7%), afternoon (23.2%), and night (68.1 %).2. The average amount of time from the onset of abdominal pain to hemorrhage was 6.6 +/‐ 4.1 hours. Abdominal pain persisted for 1.6 +/‐ 0.7 days and hemorrhage continued for an average of 1.5 +/‐ 0.8 days.3. The transient type was common in the young age group (under 40), and the stricturing type was common in the advanced age group (over 70).4. In cases of the transient type, the lesions healed within 7 days in 68% of all cases, and within 14 days in 82% of them. On the other hand, in cases of the stricturing type, during these same time spans, the lesions healed in 33% and 50% of affected patients, respectively.5. The change in the findings of longitudinal ulcers in cases of the transient type, which were typical findings of ischemic colitis, disappeared within about 6 days in most cases.It is concluded that an emergency colonoscopy is essential in the diagnosis of ischemic colitis of the transient type.
Flow Cytometric Measurement of DNA Index and BrdUrd Labeling Index in Endoscopic Biopsy Specimens of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: KOSAKA Takeo , MATSUMOTO Hisashi , ISHIDA Tetsuya , TAKEGAWA Shigeru , OOYAMA Shigekazu , KAMATA Toru , KANNO Masahiro , YAMAGUCHI Akio , YONEMURA Yutaka , MIWA Koichi , MIYAZAKI Itsuo , II Toru 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:We compared values of the DNA Index (DI) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling index (BULI) of biopsy specimens with those of resected specimens from 12 patients with colorectal cancer, to evaluate the cell cycle by flow cytometry (FCM). From each patient, 4 biopsy specimens were endoscopically removed. Also, small pieces of tissue, 0.5 cm in diameter, were taken from 4 different sites of the resected tumor. Both kinds of specimens were labeled in vitro with BrdUrd. Their DI and BULI values were evaluated from the DNA/BrdUrd bivariate scatter diagram by FCM. It was found that the coefficients of variation (CVs) for endoscopic biopsy specimens were siginificantly lower than those for resected specimens, 4.2 ± 1.3 (Mean ± S. D.) and 5.4 ± 1. 7, respectively. In 8 cases without intratumoral DI heterogeneity, there was a good correlation in the values of DI between the biopsy and resected specimens (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). A significant correlation was also found in the BULI values between the two types of specimens (r = 0.73, p < 0.01). These results suggested that 4 biopsy specimens were enough to estimate DI and BULI by FCM and that DI and BULI values determined by flow cytometry could be useful for decision‐making about the therapeutic modality for preoperative patients.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Invasion of the Right Intrahepatic Bile Duct Observed by Peroral Cholangioscopy: a Case Report
Authors: PUA Shirley C. , FUJI Tadasu , AIBE Tsuyoshi , AKIYAMA Tetsuji , NOGUCHI Takayoshi , TANAKA Shinya , HARIMA Kenzo , SASAKI Toshiyuki , KONDO Satoshi , ADACHI Kayoko , TANAKA Hiroko , OKITA Kiwamu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A 48‐year‐old chronic alcoholic with previous hepatitis B virus infection presented with recurrent episodes of obstructive jaundice secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma. The obstructive nature of the jaundice was confirmed by the peroral cholangioscopic findings of a friable nodular mass partially obstructing the right hepatic duct, and by relief of obstructive signs and symptoms after endoscopic sphincterotomy freed the common bile duct of “dark greenish formed materials”.
Peroral Micro‐Pancreatoscopy (PMPS) for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Diseases
Authors: SUGA Toshihiro , MIYAKAWA Hiroyuki , MURASHIMA Yoshio , YAOSAKA Toru , KOITO Kazumitsu , NATSUI Kiyoto , SATO Takahiro , WATANABE Masao , OIKAWA Yumiko , NAGAKAWA Tatsuya , NOBUTA Aichiro 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:In order to observe the inside of the main pancreatic duct endoscopically, we have performed pancreatoscopy using a microfiberscope with an external diameter of 0.75 mm which was inserted even into the undilated duct via a canula for ERCP without papillotomy. The peroral micro‐pancreatoscopy (PMPS) was carried out on 38 patients (16 cases of tumor, 21 of chronic pancreatitis and 1 of a cyst) and was successful in 33 patients (87%). In patients with cancer, rough elevation, redness, bleeding, or ulceration were recognized on the mucosa of the stenotic and the obstructed duct. In chronic pancreatitis, protein plugs were most frequently observed floating in the juice or attached to the ductal wall; some stones were also found in two patients.PMPS is one of the most useful techniques for the diagnosis of the earlier stages of pancreatic diseases.
Studies on the Phenomenon of Locational Variation in the Speed of Discoloration During the Endoscopic Congo Red Test. The First Report: Quantitative Study of Parietal Cell Populations by Cell Isolation Method
Authors: TANI Norio , KIMURA Norio , KARASAWA Hiroyuki , HARA Masafumi , MUTOU Nobuyoshi , KONDOU Hitoshi , MIWA Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A quantitative study of parietal cell populations was done using the cell isolation method designed by the authors in order to investigate the cause of the phenomenon of locational variation in the speed of discoloration during the endoscopic Congo red test. The endoscopic Congo red test was performed in three mongrel dogs and five patients with peptic ulcers. In each case, at the time when spotty discoloration was observed, three biopsy specimens were obtained from both the quickly discolored portion (Q) and the slowly discolored portion (S) of the greater curvature of the middle body. After determination of wet weight, the biopsy specimens, having been separated into two groups (the Q‐group and the S‐group), were digested simultaneously with collagenase and dispose in the same way in each case. The number of parietal cells per microlitre in the obtained cell suspensions were counted using Neubauer's hemocytometer, staining with tetranitroblue tetrazolium. The number of parietal cells per milligram tissue wet weight was calculated for each sample from both groups. The number of parietal cells per milligram wet weight of the quickly discolored portion was 2.0 times (on average) as large as that of the slowly discolored portion in the case of the dogs. In the case of patients, the former was 1.7 times (on average) as large as the latter, with a statistically significant difference. We concluded that the locational variation of the speed of discoloration during the endoscopic Congo red test may be mainly due to the unequal distribution of parietal cells.
Duodenal Lipoma ‐A Report of Two Cases Resected by Endoscopic Polypectomy‐
Authors: CHANG Shih‐Yong , LIN Jaw‐Town , WANG Teh‐Hong , WANG Jin‐Town , CHEN Chi‐Long 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Duodenal lipomas are rarely reported. We reported two asymptomatic pedunculated duodenal lipomas successfully resected by endoscopic polypectomy. Case 1 was a 48‐year‐old Chinese female who came for a physical check‐up. Upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic examination revealed a 2.0 × 1.0 cm pedunculated polyp in the posterior wall of the bulb. Case 2 was a 67‐year‐old female. A 1.7 times 1.0 cm olive‐shaped pedunculated polyp was found by endoscopic examination during a health check‐up. Both tumors were polypectomised by endoscopy and proven to be duodenal lipomas pathologically. The diagnosis of duodenal lipoma has largely been made by surgery and autopsy in the past. It may be made nowadays with abdominal computed tomography and repeated deep biopsies. Duodenal lipomas may be treated by endoscopic polypectomy if the tumor is small and pedunculated.>
Injection Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: SHARMA Niranjan , TAKASE Yasuhiro , SHIBUYA Susumu , IWASAKI Yoji 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Survival period, causes of death and variceal rebleeding in 20 patients with esophageal varices associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of injection sclerotherapy. The first injection sclerotherapy successfully stopped active variceal bleeding in all seven emergency cases. These were followed up as elective cases later on. The remaining 13 patients, who had a history of variceal bleeding, were treated as elective cases from the beginning. Endoscopic evaluation of the varices was performed at intervals of six months to one year, after the first sclerotherapy, and recurrence was treated by elective sclerotherapy. 85% of the patients died within one year. Three out of 20 cases were still alive until this study was performed. But, whereas 17 patients died mainly due to hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, only one patient died due to variceal rebleeding. No deaths were observed to have been directly due to sclerotherapy or its complications. Hence we think that injection sclerotherapy should be considered one of the treatments for esophageal varices in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.
Endoscopic and Radiological Observations of the Growth of an Esophageal Diverticulum
Authors: MIWA Masahiko , KOHDA Shizuo , KOHZUMA Kazunori , TADOKORO Masao , SHINOURA Asahi , OGASAWARA Michio , ISHIKOH Toshitake , MIWA Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A 60‐year‐old female was admitted to the hospital because of acute mediastinitis caused by the perforation of a diverticulum of the esophagus. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and on the endoscopic examination the diverticulum was completely cured.Approximately two years after the first admission, the patient was admitted twice because of acute gastritis. Barium‐meal upper gastrointestinal examination and upper G. I. endoscopy were performed on each occasion. These examinations clearly suggested that the diverticulum had chronic inflammation, with polypoid hyperplasia, and documented the growth of the diverticulum between the 2nd and 3rd admission. As far as we know, this is a very rare report, describing the course and enlargement of an esophageal diverticulum.
Pedunculated Submucosal Ectopic Mucosa of the Stomach Treated by Endoscopic Polypectomy: Report of Two Cases
Authors: FUKUMOTO Shiro , ADACHI Kyoichi , OHTSU Keiichi , ARIMA Noriyuki , WATANABE Makoto , SHIMADA Yoshihiro , UNO Koji , MIKAMI Masayuki , KOBAYASHI Hiroo , HATTORI Shuzo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:We report here two cases of submucosal ectopic gastric mucosa which grew with pedunculation. A lesion 23 mm in size was located in the posterior wall of the upper gastric body in a 61‐year‐old female. A 58‐year‐old female had a lesion 12 mm in size in the anterior wall of the upper gastric body. Both were elevated lesions expressed as Yamada's type IV and were endoscopically diagnosed as submucosal tumors. For the purpose of total biopsy, endoscopic polypectomy was performed in both cases. Histological examination of the polypectomized specimens showed gastric mucosa in the submucosal layer.These two cases were unique in that ectopic gastric mucosa was pedunculated and diagnosed after endoscopic polypectomy, not by postoperative pathological examination.