bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic Processing of Cut Homeobox 1 by Neutrophil Elastase in the MV4;11 Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line
Authors: Goulet Brigitte , Markovic Yelena , Leduy Lam , Nepveu Alain 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Proteolytic processing by cathepsin L generates p110 Cut homeobox 1 (CUX1) at the end of the G1 phase, whereas an alternative transcript encodes p75 CUX1. These short CUX1 isoforms were reported to be overexpressed in cancer cells, and transgenic mice overexpressing the p75 isoform were found to develop myeloproliferative disease–like myeloid leukemias. In the present study, we report that the neutrophil elastase can also generate a short CUX1 isoform in the MV4;11 acute myeloid leukemia cell line. Proteolytic processing was so efficient that the full-length CUX1 protein was detected only when cells were maintained in the presence of the specific elastase inhibitor III. In agreement with these findings, higher levels of the processed cyclin E isoforms were also detected in MV4;11 cells. Reappearance of full-length cyclin E and CUX1 could be induced upon the treatment of MV4;11 cells with the differentiation inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or, unexpectedly, following overexpression of a short recombinant CUX1 protein. In both cases, the mechanism involved transcriptional repression of the neutrophil elastase gene. This result revealed a negative feedback loop whereby CUX1 shuts down the expression of the protease that cleaves it. Overall, the findings in MV4;11 and other cancer cells suggest that various mechanisms are used in cancer to favor the expression of short CUX1 isoforms. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):644–53)
Localization of Fas/CD95 into the Lipid Rafts on Down-Modulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Bénéteau Marie , Pizon Mathieu , Chaigne-Delalande Benjamin , Daburon Sophie , Moreau Patrick , De Giorgi Francesca , Ichas François , Rebillard Amélie , Dimanche-Boitrel Marie-Thérèse , Taupin Jean-Luc , Moreau Jean-François , Legembre Patrick 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is known to protect tumor cells from apoptosis and more specifically from the Fas-mediated apoptotic signal. The antitumoral agent edelfosine sensitizes leukemic cells to death by inducing the redistribution of the apoptotic receptor Fas into plasma membrane subdomains called lipid rafts. Herein, we show that inhibition of the PI3K signal by edelfosine triggers a Fas-mediated apoptotic signal independently of the Fas/FasL interaction. Furthermore, similarly to edelfosine, blockade of the PI3K activity, using specific inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, leads to the clustering of Fas whose supramolecular complex is colocalized within the lipid rafts. These findings indicate that the antitumoral agent edelfosine down-modulates the PI3K signal to sensitize tumor cells to death through the redistribution of Fas into large platform of membrane rafts. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):604–13)
The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Correlates with Long-Range Epigenetic Silencing in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Karpinski Pawel , Ramsey David , Grzebieniak Zygmunt , Sasiadek Maria M. , Blin Nikolaus 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), characterized by an exceptionally high frequency of methylation of discrete CpG islands, is observed in 18% to 25% of sporadic colorectal cancers. Another hypermethylation pattern found in colorectal cancers, termed long-range epigenetic silencing, is associated with DNA/histone methylation in three distinct gene clusters at chromosome 2q14.2, showing that DNA hypermethylation can span larger chromosomal domains and lead to the silencing of flanking, unmethylated genes. We investigated whether these two phenotypes are interrelated in colorectal cancers. The CIMP status of 148 sporadic colorectal cancers was determined by methylation-specific PCR. We determined the BRAF V600E mutation by mutant allele–specific PCR amplification. The methylation status of the MLH1 gene and of three CpG islands (EN1, SCTR, and INHBB), corresponding to three distinct clusters along 2q14.2, was determined by methylation-specific PCR. The average number of sites showing methylation in CIMP+ tumors was 2.21, compared with 1.22 for CIMP− individuals, and this difference was highly significant (P = 3.6 × 10−8, Mann-Whitney test). Moreover, all CIMP+ tumors showed hypermethylation of at least one of these loci, in contrast to CIMP− tumors, where 18 (16%) samples remained unmethylated. The mean number of simultaneously hypermethylated CpG islands at 2q14.2 differs significantly between CIMP− and CIMP+ tumors, suggesting varying effects of domain silencing in this region. Given that the number of hypermethylated loci at 2q14.2 likely affects the range of silenced flanking genes, high frequency of simultaneous hypermethylation of three CpG islands (EN1, SCTR, and INHBB) may have potential influence on specific characteristics of CIMP+ colorectal cancers. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):585–91)
Natural body temperature and kinetics of heat-shock protein synthesis in the toad-headed agamid lizard Phrynocephalus interscapularis
Authors: Ulmasov Khayot , Zatsepina Olga , Molodtsov Vasilii , Evgen'ev Michael 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We demonstrated that in the desert lizard Phrynocephalus interscapularis constitutive synthesis of both members of the hsp70 family of heat shock proteins takes place in summer. Elevation of environmental and body temperatures during the day was accompanied by a pronounced (2.0-2.5 times) increase in hsp70 synthesis. Synthesis of hsps continues during the day and drops to a basal level at night. Northern hybridization analysis demonstrated a higher content of hsp-coding RNA in the cells of P. interscapularis under normal physiological conditions in comparison with the lizard Lacerta vivipara, which inhabits regions with moderate climates.
Notes on the natural history and habitat use of Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri (Anura: Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Höbel Gerlinde 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEleutherodactylus fitzingeri were studied during the dry and rainy seasons at an Atlantic lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. The frogs had one of three dorsal colour patterns (mottled, striped, uniform) and one of two ventral colour patterns (white, yellow). Males had significantly more often a yellow venter than females. Juveniles with a white belly were significantly smaller than juveniles with a yellow belly. Males perched higher than females and juveniles. Perch height in males did not vary with the time of day, weather conditions or behaviour. Calling males used more sheltered perches than silent males, and males calling by day used more sheltered perches than males calling by night. Reproductive activity increased greatly at the onset of the rainy season. Males showed little site attachment.
Comparative surface morphology of the auditory papillae of Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (Hu, Djao & Liu, 1973), Ambystoma mexicanum (Shaw, 1789) (Amphibia: Caudata) and Bombina orientalis (Boulenger, 1890) (Amphibia: Anura)
Authors: Jagla Wolfgang , Schneider Hans 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In Paramesotriton caudopunctatus, Ambystoma mexicanum and Bombina orientalis two auditory papillae are present, the amphibian and basilar papillae. The amphibian papilla of P. caudopunctatus and A. mexicanum is an oval structure comprising two cell areas of approximately equal size, with oppositely oriented bundles of cilia. In B. orientalis the sensory epithelium of the amphibian papilla is composed of an anterior region, which is comparable to the entire sensory epithelium in the Caudata, and an appreciably longer, posterior section. This posterior patch is clearly sinusoidal in shape, similar to those of evolutionary advanced anurans. There is evidently a coevolution of the auditory system and complex vocal communication.
Salt tolerance of Rana temporaria: spawning site selection and survival during embryonic development (Amphibia, Anura)
Authors: Viertel Bruno 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSpawning site selection of Rana temporaria is dependent on the salinity of the water. In the nature reserve 'Salzwiesen von Münzenberg' (Germany) the frogs avoided increased conductivity values, Cl- ion concentrations and salinities and selected lower values for spawning. In the laboratory Gosner stages 20/21 to 22/23 were more sensitive to sodium than the earlier G stages 8 to 20/21 (exposition for 72 h) though they were exposed for the shorter time period of 24 h. The 'no observed effect concentration' (NOEC) between G stages 8/9 and 20/21 was 648 ppm (3350 μS, 2.2‰ salinity) for Na+ and 1872 ppm (6500 μS, 4.0‰ salinity) for K+. The NOEC between G stages 20/21 and 22/23 was 1490 ppm (7400 μS, 4.5‰ salinity) for Na+ and for K+ also 1872 ppm (6500 μS, 4.0‰ salinity). All developmental stages tolerated much higher ion concentrations and conductivity values in the laboratory than the adult frogs selected for spawning.
Predation on tadpoles by hatchlings of the freshwater turtle
Authors: Rödel Mark-Oliver 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExperiments with Pelomedusa subrufa, a widespread African freshwater turtle, showed that this species consumed large quantities of tadpoles. Tadpoles preyed upon, comprised between 0.05 and 21.55% of the turtle's biomass. This demonstrated that Pelomedusa subrufa was neither gape limited nor did it ignore very small prey. Tadpoles with an ovoid body shape (Hemisus marmoratus, Hyperolius nitidulus, Ptychadena maccarthyensis), which shared, under natural conditions, the pond bottom microhabitat with the turtles, were more threatened than the robust tall-finned Kassina tadpoles that lived in the middle of the water column. The translucent, slow swimming Phrynomantis microps tadpole occurred in larger ponds and preferred the upper water column in deeper parts of the pond. This species was especially at risk in ponds with reduced water levels. Turtles, in contrast to fish or dragonfly larvae, are capable of migrating to other ponds. They therefore might have a profound regional influence on tadpole communities in ephemeral savanna ponds.
Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus
Authors: Abell Allison J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe spatial distribution of Sceloporus virgatus in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona was studied during the breeding season. Male home ranges were, on average, more than four times larger than those of females. Home range overlap of both sexes was extensive, with most individuals overlapping multiple males and multiple females. Home range overlap of males with females was significantly correlated with an independently calculated estimate of male mating success. For most females (71%), one of the males overlapped a substantially larger portion of her home range than any other male. Similarly, for most females (76%) a single one of the overlapping males courted the female more often or was sighted at closer distances to the female. The remaining females did not associate primarily with a single male.
Taxonomic re-evaluation of the status of Draco cornutus Günther, 1864 (Reptilia: Agamidae)
Authors: Honda Masanao , Kobayashi Mari , Yong Hoi-Sen , Ota Hidetoshi , Hikida Tsutomu 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The taxonomic status of the flying lizard, Draco curnutus Günther, 1864, recently frequently regarded as a junior synonym of D. volans Linnaeus, 1758, is reassessed. Our field observations in Borneo confirmed sympatric occurrence of two morphotypes of D. volans sensu lato, one of which showed a diagnostic character of D. cornutus. The two morphotypes also differ from each other in live coloration, allozyme pattern and mitochondrial DNA sequence. From these results, it is concluded that D. curnutus is a valid species.
Biparental care in the tadpole-feeding Amazonian treefrog Osteocephalus oophagus
Authors: Jungfer Karl-Heinz , Weygoldt Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Central Amazonian treefrog Osteocephalus oophagus breeds in water-filled bromeliad or palm tree leaf axils or in treeholes. The larvae feed on eggs provided by their parents; larvae not provided with eggs die. Survival of the larvae is ensured by the fact that the pair always spawns at the same site. They return at intervals of 5 to 7 days. Pair bonding is the rule in areas with low frog densities. The first eggs develop into tadpoles and later clutches of fertilized eggs serve as food. There is no apparent communication system between larvae and mother. After metamorphosis of the larvae the pair continues to lay eggs into the same leaf axils and these eggs also develop into tadpoles. This behavior is compared to that of other frogs that feed their tadpoles on eggs. It seems to be the least advanced mode of parental care involving tadpole feeding and demonstrates one of the initial steps that has led to more complex parental care behaviors in frogs.
Two new species of anoles of the Norops crassulus group from Honduras (Reptilia: Sauria: Polychrotidae)
Authors: Köhler Gunther , McCranie James R. , Wilson Larry D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Two new species of anoles of the Norops crassulus group are described from Honduras. Both are distinguished from all other species of the genus Norops by unique characteristics of scale morphology and meristics, limb proportions, and male dewlap coloration.
Allometry and sexual dimorphism in the lung morphology of prairie rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis viridis
Authors: Keogh J. Scott , Wallach V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe quantified sexual dimorphism and allometric changes in the lung morphology of 160 juvenile and adult specimens of prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis, from a single population. In virtually all lung components, those of males are located more posteriorly than are those of females of the same body size. Males display a longer vascular component than females but there is no sexual dimorphism in size of the avascular component. Thus, males generally have longer lungs than do females at all body sizes. With increasing body size, the lung components are found more anteriorly, relative length of the vascular lung decreases, and relative length of the avascular lung increases in both sexes. However, total lung length increases isometrically with body size. These sexual and allometric differences suggest that intraspecific variation should be taken into account when lung size characters are used in snake systematic studies.
Movement- and attack-based indices of foraging mode and ambush foraging in some gekkonid and agamine lizards from southern Africa
Authors: Cooper William E. , Whiting Martin J. , Van Wyk Johannes H. , Mouton P. le F.N. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Two lizard foraging modes, ambush and active foraging, are usually quantified by the variables MPM (movements per minute) and PTM (proportion of time spent moving), but both variables may be affected by behaviors other than foraging. We introduce PAM, the proportion of attacks on prey discovered while lizards are moving (in relation to total attacks). PAM focuses exclusively on foraging behavior. Preliminary data reveal a very high, significant rank correlation between PAM and PTM, and a fairly high, but nonsignificant correlation between PAM and MPM. Collection of PAM data can be very time-consuming. In the absence of PAM, PTM appears to be a superior index of foraging activity to MPM, but all three indices provide valuable information on different aspects of foraging. We additionally present data for four agamine and five gekkonid species from southern Africa. The first quantitative data for agamines (all for Agama) agree with previous qualitative assessments that members of several agamine genera are ambush foragers. All the gekkonids, including three species of Rhotropus and one each of Pachydactylus and Phyllodactylus, are ambush foragers, like most geckos studied to date.
An Analysis of Sexual Isolation in the Domestic Fowl: Ii. the Basis of Homogamy in Females
Authors: Lill Alan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract(I) An experimental analysis of the mechanisms underlying homogamy in the domestic hen was made, because of the role of this trait in effecting potential sexual isolation between breeds and strains of chicken. (2) The principal stimuli and sensory modalities involved in breed and strain 'identification' were analysed by means of modification and comparative techniques. (3) It was demonstrated that the entire dimorphic plumage colour pattern of the Brown Leghorn cock is an important stimulus in 'identification' by females of that breed. However, females also discriminate between identically-coloured strains, implicating the involvement of other cues in the identification process. (4) Breed and strain specificity in male body size, courtship vocalisations, and non-vocal courtship patterns may have some isolating value, but is not of paramount importance in breed and strain 'identification' by hens. Specificity in other behavioural aspects of the phenotype (e.g. posture, deportment, activity level) was not examined, but should not be overlooked. (5) Homogamy appears to have a partly genetic basis in the Brown Leghorn hen, but specific (i.e. own-strain, heterosexual) prior experience is a necessary pre-requisite to the significant expression of the tendency under present conditions. (6) Heterosexual experience with strange-breed males enhanced sexual responsiveness to such and own-strain males; own-strain, heterosexual experience probably additionally enhanced stimulus specificity. (7) Wliilst no evidence suggesting that any brief, sharply-delineated, sensitive period for homogamy-enhancing experience existed in present material was forthcoming, it was demonstrated (a) that heterosexual experience prior to eleven weeks of age was not sufficient per se to effect a significant expression of homogamy subsequently and (b) that own-strain, heterosexual experience acquired after sexual maturity was efficacious as an enhancer of homogamy. (8) Differences in levels of solicitation behaviour and degree of homogamy exhibited between female groups deprived of own-strain, heterosexual experience for varying lengths of the juvenile phase are tentatively explained in terms of physical maturation and the ontogeny of social and sexual behaviour.
Breeding Behaviour of the Swallow-Tailed Gull in the Galapagos
Authors: Nelson J.B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe calls and displays of the swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus) are described and fitted into the pattern of larid displays; some ecological aspects of reproductive behaviour are briefly described. 1. The striking vocabulary includes a scream, snore, rattle and whistle. There is a 'long call' apparently homologous with the generalised gull long call and a special call associated with downward choking. 2. Swallow-tailed gulls breed in relatively small groups, the reproductive activities of the population of any island being highly unsynchronised, though those of the group significantly more so. The 'local' synchronisation is probably socially facilitated. 3. Fighting is rare, but includes a twisting movement reminiscent of the kittiwake's (Rissa tridactyla) cliff-adapted method. 4. Threat gaping is shown. 5. The oblique postures may be separated into (a) the retracted oblique (probably not equivalent to the generalised forward oblique of some other gulls) (b) a low oblique (probably homologous with the generalised oblique of other gulls). 6. A downward jerking movement may be a form of long calling and swallow-tails show a backward head jerk in closequarter territorial encounters. 7. An aggressive upright may be distinguished from an anxiety upright. 8. Upward choking (as in the kittiwake, but not in other gulls) and downward choking occur; both forms are hostile displays on the nest site. 9. The butterfly flight is probably strictly an intra-pair display and is associated with snore-scream calls. It may be related to the soar-and-swoop of the black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), which is probably ritualised pursuit flight. 10. In the swallow-tail foot-looking is commonly associated with agonistic behaviour. 11. Courtship feeding of female by male is a regular part of pre-laying pair behaviour as in other larids. 12. Pre-copulatory behaviour is accompanied by head tossing. 13. Nest building is accompanied by long bouts of nest site calling. The nest is architecturally functionless. 14. The single egg (incubation period 35 days and incubation stint about 24 hrs) produces a highly cryptic chick. 15. Egg shells are not systematically removed. 16. The chick may accompany its parents some distance from the site in the first 48 hours after hatching. 17. Squids form a large part of its diet. The position of the swallow-tailed gull with respect to other larids is tabularised and discussed.
Along-Valley Structure of Daytime Thermally Driven Flows in the Wipp Valley
Authors: Rucker Magdalena , Banta Robert M. , Steyn Douw G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
High-resolution Doppler lidar observations obtained during the Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) 1999 field campaign are used to investigate the along-valley structure of daytime valley flows in the Wipp Valley, Austria. The observations show that under varying ambient conditions the valley flow increases in speed through a narrow section of the valley. Furthermore, the along-valley volume flux diverges along the valley segment under investigation, which suggests that the observed along-valley acceleration of the valley flow cannot be explained by the horizontal constriction of the valley sidewalls. It is hypothesized that the along-valley acceleration of the flow is caused by an intravalley change in the horizontal pressure gradient induced by differential heating rates of the valley atmosphere.
Climatology of Hail in China: 1961–2005
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Yuqing 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A previous hail climatology of China was based upon observations during 1951–60. An effort has been made in this study to update this hail climatology in China with the use of a much longer record of observations from 1961 to 2005. This is made possible with the release of a new, comprehensive collection of hail observational data in May 2006 by the National Meteorological Information Center of China. The focus herein is to document the mean annual geographical distribution of hail frequency and seasonal and diurnal variations of hail occurrence. The results show that hail occurs most frequently in the high mountainous areas and northern plains. As a result, hail frequency is generally higher in northern China than in southern China. The hail frequency is highest over the central Tibetan Plateau. Hail seasons start in late spring and end in early autumn in northern and western China; they start mainly in spring in southern and southwestern China. On the diurnal time scale, hail events occur mainly between 1500 and 2000 local time in most of China except in Guizhou and Hubei Provinces (central western China), where hail events often occur during nighttime.
Impact of the Reduced Drag Coefficient on Ocean Wave Modeling under Hurricane Conditions
Authors: Moon Il-Ju , Ginis Isaac , Hara Tetsu 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Effects of new drag coefficient (Cd) parameterizations on WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model surface wave simulations are investigated. The new parameterizations are based on a coupled wind–wave model (CWW) and a wave tank experiment, and yields reduced Cd at high wind speeds. Numerical experiments for uniform winds and Hurricane Katrina (2005) indicate that the original Cd parameterization used in WW3 overestimates drag at high wind speeds compared to recent observational, theoretical, and numerical modeling results. Comparisons with buoy measurements during Hurricane Katrina demonstrate that WW3 simulations with the new Cd parameterizations yield more accurate significant wave heights compared to simulations with the original Cd parameterization, provided that accurate high-resolution wind forcing fields are used.