bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brainstem functional magnetic resonance imaging: Disentangling signal from physiological noise
Authors: Harvey Ann K. , Pattinson Kyle T.S. , Brooks Jonathan C.W. , Mayhew Stephen D. , Jenkinson Mark , Wise Richard G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the importance of respiratory and cardiac effects on signal variability found in functional magnetic resonance imaging data recorded from the brainstem.Materials and MethodsA modified version of the retrospective image correction (RETROICOR) method (Glover et al, [2000] Magn Reson Med 44:162–167) was implemented on resting brainstem echo‐planar imaging (EPI) data in 12 subjects. Fourier series were fitted to image data based on cardiac and respiratory recordings (pulseoximetry and respiratory turbine), including multiplicative terms that accounted for interactions between cardiac and respiratory signals. F‐tests were performed on residuals produced by regression analysis. Additionally, we evaluated whether modified RETROICOR improved detection of brainstem activation (in 11 subjects) during a finger opposition task.ResultsThe optimal model, containing three cardiac (C) and four respiratory (R) harmonics, and one multiplicative (X) term, “3C4R1X,” significantly reduced signal variability without overfitting to noise. The application of modified RETROICOR to activation data increased group Z‐statistics and reduced putative false‐positive activation.ConclusionIn addition to cardiac and respiratory effects, their interaction was also a significant source of physiological noise. The modified RETROICOR model improved detection of brainstem activation and would be usefully applied to any study examining this brain region. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1337–1344. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recognizing α‐, β‐ or γ‐substitution in pyridines by mass spectrometry
Authors: Corilo Yuri E. , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA general mass spectrometric method able to recognize the site of substitution of monosubstituted pyridines is described. The method requires that the molecule under investigation forms, upon ionization and dissociation, the respective α‐, β‐ or γ‐ pyridinium ion of m/z 78. Pyridinium ions are stable and common fragments of ionized and protonated pyridines and are found to function as appropriate structurally diagnostic fragment ions. They can be identified by their characteristic and nearly identical collision‐induced dissociation behavior and distinguished by the combined use of two structurally diagnostic ion/molecule reactions with acetonitrile and 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane. α‐, β‐ or γ‐substitution in pyridines can, therefore, be securely recognized via an MS‐only method based on structurally diagnostic ions and by the inspection of a single molecule (no need for intracomparisons within the whole set of isomers). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships among activities of extracellular enzyme production and virulence against Helicoverpa armigera in Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Kaur Gurvinder , Padmaja V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExtracellular enzymes produced by Beauveria bassiana, are believed to play a key role in cuticle hydrolysis. Enzyme production and pathogenicity has been found to be positively correlated. Twenty‐eight isolates of B. bassiana, collected from different geographical regions and host ranges were characterized by in vitro extracellular enzyme production and SDS–PAGE techniques for discerning biochemical basis for virulence among the different isolates. In vitro analysis of extracellular enzymes like protease, amylase, caseinase, chitinase and lipase was undertaken in an attempt to understand their relevance to virulence of the isolates. The different isolates of B. bassiana were evaluated for virulence to the second instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera in laboratory bioassays. SDS–PAGE of total intracellular soluble proteins was also studied in order to understand affinities among the different isolates of B. bassiana. The relationship between enzyme production and pathogenicity and vice versa was nearly 50%. There was a 50% relationship associated with original insect host, pathogenicity and enzyme production. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of polyvalent and safe Bacillus thuringiensis strains with potential use for biocontrol
Authors: Raddadi Noura , Belaouis Abir , Tamagnini Isabella , Hansen Bjarne Munk , Hendriksen Niels Bohse , Boudabous Abdellatif , Cherif Ameur , Daffonchio Daniele 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSixteen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were screened for their anti‐insect, antibacterial and antifungal determinants by phenotypic tests and PCR targeting major insecticidal proteins and complements, chitinases, lactonases, β‐1,3‐glucanases and zwittermicinA. Six strains had genes of at least two major insecticidal toxins and of insecticidal complements. With regard to fungal biocontrol, all the strains inhibited Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus growth and four strains had all or most of the antifungal determinants examined, with strain Bt HD932 showing the widest antifungal activity spectrum. Autolysins, bacteriocin and AHL‐lactonases were produced by all or most of the tested strains with different activity spectra including pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes. Safety evaluation was carried out via PCR by screening the B. cereus psychrotolerance‐related genes, toxin genes and the virulence pleiotropic regulator plcR. Diarrheal enterotoxins and other toxin genes were widespread among the collection with strains Bt HD9 and H45 lacking psychrotolerance‐related genes, while five strains were positive. Only three strains (BMG1.7, H172, H156) resulted positive with primer sets targeting partial or complete plcR gene. By Vero Cell Assays, Bt HD868 followed by Bt HD9 were shown to be the safest strains. These polyvalent and safe Bt strains could be very promising in field application. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement ofYarrowia lipolyticalipase production by fed‐batch fermentation
Authors: Fickers Patrick , Destain Jacqueline , Thonart Philippe 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTwo different types of fed‐batch fermentation were investigated to improve production yields of the Lip2 extracellular lipase inY. lipolyticamutant‐strain LgX64.81 grown in a 20l bioreactor. Compare to batch cultures, culture feeding with the complete medium led to a 2‐fold increased lipase production (2016 ± 76 U ml–1) whereas addition of a combination of glucose and olive oil led to a 3‐fold increase. The high level of lipase production obtained on glucose media withY.lipolyticaLgX64.81 could be related to its phenotype i.e. a lower sensibility to glucose catabolite repression due to a modification in the level ofHXK1expression. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Appropriate probe search method to specify groups in higher taxonomic ranks
Authors: Nakano Masahiro , Fukuda Kazumasa , Taniguchi Hatsumi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new method for procedures using a computer to find out useful candidates for probes discriminating a certain group in higher ranks of bacteria is presented. In order to make the search of the probes systematic, two indices are proposed, i.e., Coincidence Ratio Inside Group (CRIG) and Coincidence Number Outside Group (CNOG), which indicate the rate of matching of probes inside or outside group respectively. Using two indices, allowance grades indicating usefulness of arbitrary sequence as a probe are defined from 9 (5 in species) to 0. Its application to the 16S rRNA gene of 2206 bacterial species selected from the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP‐II) (J.R. Cole et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 31: 442–443, 2003) is shown. Small nucleotide sequences of the length L (L = 15, 19, 23) were searched from about 550 bases. As a result of computer calculations, appropriate probes are found in all taxonomic ranks, in addition, it is found that 95% of genera can be identified uniquely. The method is useful for DNA chips or targeted PCR which can select a desirable bacteria set in any taxonomic rank. The method is in principle deterministic, and widely applied to any type of nucleotide sequences. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tryptophan inhibits bacteriorhodopsin formation in Halorubrum sodomense A01
Authors: Raj S. Mohan , Vatsala T. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBacteriorhodopsin (bR) is well recognized for its applied values. We observed that the bottleneck associated with the use of different peptones for bR production was linked to the presence of tryptophan (Trp). Trp at 0.36 mM in the culture medium inhibits bR formation. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that bR content (mg l–1) of Halorubrum sodomense A01 decreased to 2.9 mg l–1 in 0.36 mM Trp compared to control (0.11 mM Trp) where 12.3 mg l–1 of bR was obtained. Our results provide useful information for the design of production conditions for bR to be used in applied settings. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contribution of cell wall degrading enzymes to pathogenesis of Fusarium graminearum: a review
Authors: Kikot Gisele Eleonora , Hours Roque Alberto , Alconada Teresa Maria 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPlant‐pathogenic fungi produce an array of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that enable them to penetrate and infect the host tissue; these enzymes are collectively called cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDE). They may contribute to pathogenesis by degrading wax, cuticle and cell walls, thus aiding tissue invasion and pathogen dissemination. Furthermore, they can act as elicitors of host defense reaction.Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease caused principally by Fusarium graminearum on crops, occurring all over the world. Important economic losses on wheat‐growing areas have been registered by altering quality parameters of grains. Significant progress has been made in understanding the infection process from F. graminearum on wheat, based on genomic technologies. The virulence degree of this phytopathogen on crops could arise from differences in the production of extracellular enzymes, factors controlling the establishment of infection.Fusarium graminearum isolates from different geographical areas have been examined, and a combination of morphological and molecular data allowed the division of fungi in diverse groups, which have been related to the variation in pathogenicity. In most studied cases there is a correlation between the presence of pectic enzymes, disease symptom and virulence, being also their production decisive in the infection process. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bioremediation of chromium(VI) contaminated soil by Streptomyces sp. MC1
Authors: Polti Marta A. , García Roberto O. , Amoroso María J. , Abate Carlos M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis work provides quantitative information on Cr(VI) reduction in soil samples by an indigenous actinomycete. Streptomyces sp. MC1, previously isolated from sugarcane, has shown ability to reduce Cr(VI) in liquid minimal medium. A reduction of 100 and 75% was obtained at initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 5 and 50 mg l–1, respectively, after 48 h of incubation. Bioremediation ability of Streptomyces sp. MC1 was assayed in soil extracts and soil samples. Relative growth of Streptomyces sp. MC1 was 77 and 38% when grown in soil extract with 10 and 50 mg l–1 of Cr(VI), respectively. MC1 was able to reduce 30% of Cr(VI) after 96 h of incubation with 10 mg l–1 of Cr(VI), and reduction coincided with the exponential growth phase at pH 7 and 30 °C.In soil samples, Streptomyces sp. MC1 was able to reduce up to 94% of the Cr(VI) bioavailability (50 mg kg–1) after 7 d. These results were compared with non‐inoculated soil samples with Cr(VI). Bioremediation activity of Streptomyces sp. MC1 was not inhibited by natural soil microbial flora. Besides, Streptomyces sp. MC1 growth was not inhibited by 50 mg kg–1 of Cr(VI). In contrast to findings obtained by other authors, our results showed almost complete Cr(VI) removal from soil without any previous treatment, and without addition of any substrate and with a normal soil humidity level. These results confirm the Cr(VI)‐contaminated soil bioremediation potential of Streptomyces sp. MC1. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Injection temperature significantly affects in vitro and in vivo performance of collagen‐platelet scaffolds
Authors: Palmer M.P. , Abreu E.L. , Mastrangelo A. , Murray M.M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCollagen‐platelet composites have recently been successfully used as scaffolds to stimulate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) wound healing in large animal models. These materials are typically kept on ice until use to prevent premature gelation; however, with surgical use, placement of a cold solution then requires up to an hour while the solution comes to body temperature (at which point gelation occurs). Bringing the solution to a higher temperature before injection would likely decrease this intra‐operative wait; however, the effects of this on composite performance are not known. The hypothesis tested here was that increasing the temperature of the gel at the time of injection would significantly decrease the time to gelation, but would not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the composite or its ability to support functional tissue repair. Primary outcome measures included the maximum elastic modulus (stiffness) of the composite in vitro and the in vivo yield load of an ACL transection treated with an injected collagen‐platelet composite. In vitro findings were that injection temperatures over 30°C resulted in a faster visco‐elastic transition; however, the warmed composites had a 50% decrease in their maximum elastic modulus. In vivo studies found that warming the gels prior to injection also resulted in a decrease in the yield load of the healing ACL at 14 weeks. These studies suggest that increasing injection temperature of collagen‐platelet composites results in a decrease in performance of the composite in vitro and in the strength of the healing ligament in vivo and this technique should be used only with great caution. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 964–971, 2009
Effect of pH and NaCl/CaCl2 on the solubility and emulsifying properties of sweet potato protein
Authors: Mu Tai‐Hua , Tan Sze‐Sze , Chen Jing‐Wang , Xue You‐Lin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on the solubility and emulsifying properties, namely emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) of sweet potato proteins (SPPs) at pH 1–10, were investigated.RESULTS: At lower NaCl (0.1 mol L−1) and CaCl2 (0.05 mol L−1) concentrations, the solubility profiles of the SPPs were very similar to those in distilled water, and the lowest solubility occurred at pH 4. Increased NaCl and CaCl2 concentration resulted in lower SPP solubility in most of the pH studied (P < 0.05). At pH < 3, NaCl improved the EAI of SPP while at pH > 7 it reduced the EAI of the SPP (P < 0.05). Moreover, addition of NaCl also resulted in reduction of ESI of the SPP in most of the pH studied (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the presence of 0.2 mol L−1 CaCl2 rendered the EAI and ESI of the SPPs independent of the influence of pH.CONCLUSION: The present studies show that pH and salts modified the emulsifying properties of the SPPs, and CaCl2 at a certain concentration could be used to improve the emulsifying properties of the protein. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fiber‐optic sensor active networking with distributed erbium‐doped fiber and Raman amplification
Authors: Diaz S. , Abad S. , Lopez‐Amo M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis work is meant to provide a review of different multiplexing topologies employing distributed erbium‐doped fiber and Raman amplification to solve the problem of power‐loss compensation in fiber‐optic sensor (FOS) networks. This is a key parameter in large multiplexing networks, particularly when employing intensity‐modulated sensors. These topologies are studied both theoretically and experimentally, and a comparative analysis is carried out between them. The main parameters considered in the analysis are power budget, optical signal‐to‐noise ratios, scalability and architecture complexity.
1H and 13C NMR assignments for two new cordiaquinones from roots of Cordia leucocephala
Authors: Diniz Jaécio Carlos , Viana Francisco Arnaldo , Oliveira Odaci Fernandes , Maciel Maria Aparecida M. , Torres Maria da Conceição de Menezes , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Silveira Edilberto R. , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFrom the roots of Cordia leucocephala (Boraginaceae), two new meroterpenoid naphthoquinones, 6‐[10‐(12,12‐dimethyl‐13α‐hydroxy‐16‐methenyl‐cyclohexyl)ethyl]‐1,4‐naphthalenedione (cordiaquinone L) and 5‐methyl‐6‐[10‐(12,12‐dimethyl‐13β‐hydroxy‐16‐methenyl‐cyclohexyl)methyl‐1,4‐naphthalenedione (cordiaquinone M) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated after detailed 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) data analyses and comparison with literature data for analogous compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete multinuclear magnetic resonance characterization of a set of polyfluorinated acids and alcohols
Authors: Marchione Alexander A. , Buck Robert C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA complete 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR assignment of a homologous series of polyfluorinated acids and alcohols is reported. These assignments were obtained chiefly through single and multiple‐bond 1H–13C and 19F–13C correlation experiments (HSQC, HMBC). 19F NOESY experiments were required for assignment of two compounds with diastereotopic 19F nuclei in the CF2chain of the molecule. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labeling of human neural precursor cells using ferromagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Focke Almut , Schwarz Sigrid , Foerschler Annette , Scheibe Johanna , Milosevic Javorina , Zimmer Claus , Schwarz Johannes 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFetal human neural precursor cells (NPCs) are unique with respect to their capacity to proliferate and to preserve their potential to differentiate into neurons and glia. Human mesencephalic neural precursor cells (hmNPCs) provide a source for dopaminergic neurons. Preclinical and clinical research will benefit from reliable in vivo tracking of transplanted cells. Here, we investigate the potency of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs) to label hmNPCs, the effect of VSOPs on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hmNPCs, and the sensitivity of 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect labeled cells in living rats following transplantation. When incubated with VSOPs at 1.5 mM, >95% of hmNPCs incorporated VSOPs without detectable impact on cell viability (>90%) or proliferative capacity, as measured by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell cycle distribution. Labeled hmNPCs differentiate into neurons (>30%) and glia with no detectable difference compared to nonlabeled cells. Following transplantation into rat striata, marked paramagnetic signal changes were detected for as long as three months postsurgery using MRI, corresponding to the histologically‐identified graft. Our data indicate that hmNPCs can be labeled with VSOPs without impairment of viability, proliferation, or multipotency. Labeled, transplanted cells are detectable in vivo using 1.5T MRI. Magn Reson Med 60:1321–1328, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved 3D phase contrast MRI with off‐resonance corrected dual echo VIPR
Authors: Johnson Kevin M. , Lum Darren P. , Turski Patrick A. , Block Walter F. , Mistretta Charles A. , Wieben Oliver 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging with a three‐dimensional, radially undersampled acquisition allows for the acquisition of high resolution angiograms and velocimetry in dramatically reduced scan times. However, such an acquisition is sensitive to blurring and artifacts from off‐resonance and trajectory errors. A dual‐echo trajectory is proposed with a novel trajectory calibration from prescan data coupled with a multi‐frequency reconstruction to correct for these errors. Comparisons of phantom data and in vivo results from volunteer, and patients with arteriovenous malformations patients are presented with and without these corrections and show significant improvement of image quality when both corrections are applied. The results demonstrate significantly improved visualization of vessels, allowing for highly accelerated PC acquisitions without sacrifice in image quality. Magn Reson Med 60:1329–1336, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐element phased‐array coil for imaging of rat spinal cord at 7T
Authors: Mogatadakala Kishore V. , Bankson James A. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTo overcome some of the limitations of an implantable coil, including its invasive nature and limited spatial coverage, a three‐element phased‐array coil is described for high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of rat spinal cord. This coil allows imaging both thoracic and cervical segments of rat spinal cord. In the current design, coupling between the nearest neighbors was minimized by overlapping the coil elements. A simple capacitive network was used for decoupling the next neighbor elements. The dimensions of individual coils in the array were determined based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) measurements performed on a phantom with three different surface coils. SNR measurements on a phantom demonstrated higher SNR for the phased array coil relative to two different volume coils. In vivo images acquired on rat spinal cord with our coil demonstrated excellent gray and white matter contrast. To evaluate the performance of the phased array coil under parallel imaging, g‐factor maps were obtained for acceleration factors of 2 and 3. These simulations indicate that parallel imaging with an acceleration factor of 2 would be possible without significant image reconstruction–related noise amplifications. Magn Reson Med 60:1498–1505, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo “hot spot” MR imaging of neural stem cells using fluorinated nanoparticles
Authors: Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Walczak Piotr , Kedziorek Dorota A. , Chacko Vadappuram P. , Schmieder Anna H. , Wickline Samuel A. , Lanza Gregory M. , Bulte Jeff W.M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTo optimize 19F MR tracking of stem cells, we compared cellular internalization of cationic and anionic perfluoro‐15‐crown‐5‐ether (PFCE) nanoparticles using cell culture plates with different surface coatings. The viability and proliferation of anionic and cationic PFCE‐labeled neural stem cells (NSCs) did not differ from unlabeled cells. Cationic PFCE nanoparticles (19F T1/T2 = 580/536 ms at 9.4 Tesla) were superior to anionic particles for intracellular fluorination. Best results were obtained with modified polystyrene culture dishes coated with both carboxylic and amino groups rather than conventional carboxyl‐coated dishes. After injecting PFCE‐labeled NSCs into the striatum of mouse brain, cells were readily identified in vivo by 19F MRI without changes in signal or viability over a 2‐week period after grafting. These results demonstrate that neural stem cells can be efficiently fluorinated with cationic PFCE nanoparticles without using transfection agents and visualized in vivo over prolonged periods with an MR sensitivity of approximately 140 pmol of PFCE/cell. Magn Reson Med 60:1506–1511, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.