bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin/Weave/Pattern
Authors: Coates Nigel 
Published: December 2006

Abstract‘Fabric is the perfect mediator between the firm and the flowing.’ Nigel Coates celebrates the textile's rediscovery as a metaphor for the architectural envelope, liberating it from its reputation as having only a supporting, ‘comfort role’ in the interior. He describes his own experiments with textiles at Branson Coates Architecture and the Royal College of Art (RCA), in which they alternately become skin, weave and pattern operating at every scale from the individual body to the urban plan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Textile Tectonics: An Interview with Lars Spueybroek
Authors: Ludovica Tramontin Maria 
Published: December 2006

Abstract‘Architectural design is not about having ideas, but about having techniques, techniques that operate on a material level. It's about making matter think and live by itself.’ Here Lars Spuybroek of NOX talks to Maria Ludovica Tramontin about his engagement with the work of Gottfried Semper and Frei Otto and how it has led him to his own brand of textile tectonics or ‘soft constructivism’, in which textiles are transformed into the tectonic through conventional textile techniques ‐ weaving, bundling, interlacing, braiding, knitting or knotting ‐ effectively building structure through softness and flexibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Camouflage as Aesthetic Sustainability
Authors: Richter Dagmar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA textile approach to architecture offers unique opportunities to explore a structure's surface and texture. Through a discussion of the history of the technique of camouflage and her own projects with Design Research and Development (DR_D), Dagmar Richter demonstrates the potential for surface enrichment to exceed mere ornament or patterning. A ‘performative texture’, camouflage interacts with its context mimicking the natural and effectively disguising whatever it covers. With a now long military association, camouflage also provides anything but a neutral background for its cover. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric Matter
Authors: Obuchi Yusuke , Spyropoulos Theodore , Verebes Tom 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe assimilation of digital techniques in production and manufacturing has enabled innovative explorations into nonstandard material organisation. Yusuke Obuchi, Theodore Spyropoulos and Tom Verebes of the Design Research Lab (DRL) at the Architectural Association (AA) describe how an interest in a textiles approach has developed out of a preoccupation with the interrelationship between material and computational design methods. They describe three projects that aspire to embed forms of material intelligence into architectural space. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabric Architecture and Flexible Design
Authors: Kronenburg Robert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRobert Kronenburg is one of the leading advocates of portable and flexible architecture. Over the last decade he has written substantial books and curated major international shows on the subject. Here he highlights how recent innovations in material and digital techniques have facilitated the onset of a new type of fabric architecture that is able to house increasingly larger and culturally more significant facilities. Outlining the most pertinent technological developments in the field, he also provides a comprehensive account of some of the most important projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tensile Structure Design An Engineer's Perspective
Authors: Wakefield David 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHere, David Wakefield, the founder of Tensys, an engineering consultancy that specialises in lightweight fabric structure analysis, describes the leading principles that underlie tensile structure design. He explains not only the application of materials and the importance of detailed stress analysis, but also where future developments might lie in this field. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tectonics and Textiles
Authors: McQuaid Matilda 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTechnical textiles are now omnivalent ‐ used in many different everyday applications ‐ and have been adopted by civil engineers and physicians alike. In an exhibition, ‘Extreme Textiles’ at New York's Cooper‐Hewitt Museum last year, curator Matilda McQuaid brought these common but often ignored extraordinary materials to public attention. Here she highlights the high‐performance qualities of this very special category of materials. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Textiles for 21st Century Living
Authors: O'Mahony Marie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHere, Marie O'Mahony focuses on one of the most exciting areas of innovation for textiles ‐ the hybridisation of materials and engineering techniques. It is, as she explains, the very blurring of what a textile constitutes that opens up so many possibilities for material science and application in architecture. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hotel of Reflections
Authors: Watson Howard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHoward Watson describes the derelict 19th‐century alcohol factory on the Asian bank of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, which became a 30‐year restoration and renovation project for architects Nedret and Mark Butler. On the hotel's completion, their daughter Yasha realised an ingenious treatment of the interiors that takes its cue from the buildings' waterside setting. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
National Waterfront Museum, Swansea
Authors: Melvin Jeremy 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAt the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea, Wales, Wilkinson Eyre Architects has united old and new structures, as well as maritime and industrial history. Jeremy Melvin describes the curatorial drive behind the museum's construction, and also how the architects have deftly drawn on their own experience of projects that have some association with industry and science. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiat Tagliero Service Station
Authors: Denison Edward 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn 2006, the spotlight has very much been on the Modern Movement, with the major exhibition at the V&A in London ‐ ‘Modernism: Designing a New World 1914‐1936’. Here, Edward Denison describes how Giuseppe Pettazzi's Fiat Tagliero service station in Asmara in Eritrea, East Africa, epitomised Italy's futuristic ambitions for a new colony. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stokes flow through a single‐screw extruder
Authors: Blyth M. G. , Pozrikidis C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStokes flow through a single‐screw extruder driven either by an axial pressure‐gradient, or by the rotation of the screw, or by a combination of both is analyzed. The geometry of the screw is chosen to resemble that encountered in the metering section of a real‐life industrial extruder. Working on the simplifying assumption of large helical pitch, a perturbation analysis is performed in non‐orthogonal helical coordinates, and contributions to the velocity and pressure fields are computed up to second‐order by finite element methods for unidirectional and two‐dimensional Stokes flow. Velocity fields are presented for different screw geometries, the axial flow rate is computed for pressure‐ and rotation‐driven flow, comparisons with simple models are made, and the effect of the pitch on the trajectories of passively convected particles is demonstrated. In the case of purely pressure‐driven flow, the flow rate decreases, whereas in the case of rotating flow the flow rate increases as the gap between the screw and the barrel is reduced. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
The characterization and classification of the Black River Upper Morass, Jamaica, using the three‐parameter test of vegetation, soils and hydrology
Authors: Azan Shakira , Webber Dale 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The characterization and classification of the Black River Upper Morass was conducted using the criteria of the three‐parameter test for vegetation, soils and hydrology at 14 sites within the study area.
The Upper Morass exhibited 71% hydrophytic vegetation typical of wetlands (vascular and non‐vascular plants including Cladium jamaicense, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia and Sagittaria lancifolia) and 29% vegetation atypical of wetlands.
The Upper Morass is classified as a Palustrine System with sub‐classes of Aquatic Bed and Persistent Emergent Wetland.
The presence throughout the Upper Morass of monoculture stands of the invasive species Eichhornia crassipes and Typha domingensis, which are known to invade disturbed or partially drained wetlands, confirmed that the study area was a disturbed ecosystem.
The Upper Morass exhibited hydric (flood‐water and groundwater) soils, which, in association with its temporarily flooded and saturated wetland hydrology, indicated that it is groundwater‐driven.
Application of the three‐parameter test indicated a linkage between the functions of the Upper Morass and the Lower Morass, and thus a need for conservation of the Black River Morass System as a single unit rather than two independent wetlands. Two key instruments of conservation will be further detailed ecological assessments and the implementation of a management plan.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vegetation communities of British lakes: a revised classification scheme for conservation
Authors: Duigan Catherine , Kovach Warren , Palmer Margaret 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA revised classification scheme is described for standing waters in Britain, based on the TWINSPAN analysis of a dataset of aquatic plant records from 3447 lakes in England, Wales and Scotland, which is held by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee.Separate ecological descriptions of 11 distinct lake groups (A–J) are presented with summary environmental data, macrophyte constancy tables and maps showing their distribution. These lake groups include small dystrophic waters dominated bySphagnumspp.; large, acid, upland lakes supporting a diversity of plant species, includingJuncus bulbosus,Littorella uniflora,Lobelia dortmannaandMyriophyllum alterniflorum; low‐altitude, above‐neutral lakes with a high diversity of plant species, characterized by the presence ofPotamogetonspp.,Charaspp. or water‐lilies and other floating‐leaved vegetation; and coastal, brackish lakes, with macroalgae.The Plant Lake Ecotype Index (PLEX) is presented as an indicator of changing lake environments. PLEX scores reflecting the new classification scheme have been developed for individual plant species and lakes. Applications of the index are demonstrated.There is discussion of possible applications of the data collected and the resultant classification, in the context of the Habitats Directive, the Water Framework Directive and other conservation requirements.© Crown copyright 2006. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison between the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database and the Science Citation Index in terms of journal hierarchies and interjournal citation relations
Authors: Zhou Ping , Leydesdorff Loet 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe journal structure in the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database (CSTPCD) is analyzed from three perspectives: the database level, the specialty level, and the institutional level (i.e., university journals vs. journals issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences). The results are compared with those for (Chinese) journals included in the Science Citation Index (SCI). The frequency of journal–journal citation relations in the CSTPCD is an order of magnitude lower than in the SCI. Chinese journals, especially high‐quality journals, prefer to cite international journals rather than domestic ones; however, Chinese journals do not get an equivalent reception from their international counterparts. The international visibility of Chinese journals is low, but varies among fields of science. Journals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a better reception in the international scientific community than university journals.
Towards understanding the roles of social capital in knowledge integration: A case study of a collaborative information systems project
Authors: Bhandar Mamata , Pan Shan‐Ling , Tan Bernard C.Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractInformation systems (IS) projects involving multiple organizations are very common today. Knowledge integration in such projects is a complex task of integrating diverse knowledge bases across organizations that may possess distinct strategic goals and even conflicting interests. Prior research has indicated that social capital, a resource based on social relationships, positively influences knowledge integration and interorganizational relationships, but the exact nature of the interaction has been unclear. Based on an in‐depth case study, this article examines a four‐organization (three clients and one IT service provider) collaborative IS project wherein the clients were business partners for 7 years when they embarked on the project. The study explicitly identifies the roles through which social capital can be leveraged for knowledge integration in a collaborative IS project. Findings suggest that social capital can be leveraged as a motivator, an integrator, and a facilitator during the various stages of a collaborative IS project.
Synthesis of a new π‐deficient phenylalanine derivative from a common 1,4‐diketone intermediate and study of the influence of aromatic density on prolyl amide isomer population
Authors: Dörr Aurélie , Lubell William D. 
Published: December 2006

Abstractmagnified image Enantiopure (2S)‐N‐(Boc)‐3‐(6‐methylpyridazinyl)alanine (14) has been synthesized to serve as a phenylalanine analog lacking significant π‐donor capability. Two approaches were developed to furnish the target compound from L‐aspartic acid as chiral educt in respectively six and nine steps and 13% and 12% yields. In both routes, a key homoallylic ketone intermediate was synthesized by a copper‐catalyzed cascade addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to a carboxylic ester. Dipeptide models Ac‐Xaa‐Pro‐NHMe (21a–c) were prepared and the relative populations of prolyl cis‐ and trans‐amide isomers were measured in chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide, and water by proton NMR spectroscopy in order to assess the significance of the electron density of the neighboring aromatic residue on the prolyl amide geometry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 290–299, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The ‘Published Online’ date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
In vitro and in vivo confocal Raman study of human skin hydration: Assessment of a new moisturizing agent, pMPC
Authors: Chrit L. , Bastien P. , Biatry B. , Simonnet J.‐T. , Potter A. , Minondo A. M. , Flament F. , Bazin R. , Sockalingum G. D. , Leroy F. , Manfait M. , Hadjur C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe hydration capacities of a biomimetic polymer, 2‐methacryloyloxethylphosphorylcholine polymer (pMPC), alone and microencapsulated, in association with another well known hydrating polymer, Hyaluronic acid, were investigated in vitro on skin models and in vivo on volunteers by using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The hydration impact and the relative water content in the Stratum corneum were calculated from the Raman spectra using the OH (water)/CH3 (protein) ratio. Moreover, the follow‐up of the presence of pMPC through the Stratum corneum was possible with confocal Raman microspectroscopy, using a characteristic vibration of pMPC, different from that of the encapsulating material. From our in vitro measurements, the improved hydration of the Stratum corneum was confirmed by the use of the encapsulated form of pMPC, which was higher when combined with Hyaluronic acid. On the basis of these in vitro findings, we validated this trend in in vivo measurements on 26 volunteers, and found a good correlation with the in vitro results. Mechanical and ultrastructural studies have been carried out to demonstrate the positive effects of the pMPC on the Stratum corneum function, namely the interaction with lamellar lipids and the plasticizing effects, which are both supposed to spell out the moisturizing effect. This study demonstrates the efficiency of a original hydrating agent, pMPC, entrapped with Hyaluronic acid in a new type of microcapsules by the use of a novel tool developed for both in vitro and in vivo approaches. This indicates a new step to evaluate and improve new moisturizers in response to the cosmetics or dermatologic demands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85:359–369, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Stability of globular proteins in H2O and D2O
Authors: Efimova, Y. M. , Haemers, S. , Wierczinski, B. , Norde, W. , Well A. A. van 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn several experimental techniques D2O rather then H2O is often used as a solvent for proteins. Concerning the influence of the solvent on the stability of the proteins, contradicting results have been reported in literature. In this paper the influence of H2O–D2O solvent substitution on the stability of globular protein structure is determined in a systematic way. The differential scanning calorimetry technique is applied to allow for a thermodynamic analysis of two types of globular proteins: hen's egg lysozyme (LSZ) with relatively strong internal cohesion (“hard” globular protein) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is known for its conformational adaptability (“soft” globular protein). Both proteins tend to be more stable in D2O compared to H2O. We explain the increase of protein stability in D2O by the observation that D2O is a poorer solvent for nonpolar amino acids than H2O, implying that the hydrophobic effect is larger in D2O. In case of BSA the transitions between different isomeric forms, at low pH values the Nm and F forms, and at higher pH values Nm and B, were observed by the presence of a supplementary peak in the DSC thermogram. It appears that the pH‐range for which the Nm form is the preferred one is wider in D2O than in H2O. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 264–273, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Analysis of structural changes in permanent waved human hair using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kuzuhara Akio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism leading to the reduction in tensile strength of permanent waved human hair, the structure of cross‐sections at various depths of permanent waved white human hair was directly analyzed without isolating the cuticle and cortex, using Raman spectroscopy. The β‐sheet and/or random coil content (β/R) and the Amide III(unordered) band intensity existing throughout the cortex region of virgin white human hair remarkably increased, while the α‐helix (α) content slightly decreased by performing the permanent waving treatment. This suggests a secondary structural change from the α‐helix form to the random coil form in the proteins existing in the microfibril of the cortex region. On the other hand, the SS band intensity existing in the matrix of the cortex region almost did not change, despite the reduction in the tensile strength of the white human hair following the permanent waving treatment. Moreover, the transmission electron microscope observation shows that the macrofibril (the microfibril and matrix) existing in the cortex region of the virgin white human hair was remarkably disturbed, while the cuticle region was almost unchanged by performing the permanent waving treatment. From these experiments, the authors concluded that some of proteins existing in the cortex region (the microfibril and matrix) of the virgin white human hair were changed, thereby leading to the remarkable reduction in the tensile strength of the white human hair after the permanent waving treatment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 274–283, 2007This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Extended abdominoperineal resection with gluteus maximus flap reconstruction of the pelvic floor for rectal cancer
Authors: Holm T , Ljung A , Häggmark T , Jurell G , Lagergren J 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Intraoperative tumour perforation, positive tumour margins, wound complications and local recurrence are frequent difficulties with conventional abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal cancer. An alternative technique is the extended posterior perineal approach with gluteus maximus flap reconstruction of the pelvic floor. The aim of this study was to report the technique and early experience of extended APR in a select cohort of patients.

Methods
The principles of operation are that the mesorectum is not dissected off the levator muscles, the perineal dissection is done in the prone position and the levator muscles are resected en bloc with the anus and lower rectum. The perineal defect is reconstructed with a gluteus maximus flap. Between 2001 and 2005, 28 patients with low rectal cancer were treated accordingly at the Karolinska Hospital.

Results
Two patients had ypT0 tumours, 20 ypT3 and six ypT4 tumours. Bowel perforation occurred in one, the circumferential resection margin (CRM) was positive in two, and four patients had local perineal wound complications. Two patients developed local recurrence after a median follow-up of 16 months.

Conclusion
The extended posterior perineal approach with gluteus maximus flap reconstruction in APR has a low risk of bowel perforation, CRM involvement and local perineal wound complications. The rate of local recurrence may be lower than with conventional APR.
Laparoscopic surgery impairs tissue oxygen tension more than open surgery
Authors: Fleischmann E , Kugener A , Kabon B , Kimberger O , Herbst F , Kurz A 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Wound infection remains a common and serious complication after colonic surgery. Although many colonic operations are performed laparoscopically, it remains unclear whether this has any impact on the incidence of wound infection. Subcutaneous tissue oxygenation is an excellent predictor of surgical wound infection. The impact of open and laparoscopic colonic surgery on tissue oxygenation was compared.

Methods
Fifty-two patients undergoing elective open and laparoscopic left-sided colonic resections were evaluated in a prospective observational study. Anaesthesia management was standardized and intraoperative arterial partial pressure of oxygen was kept at 150 mmHg in both groups. Oxygen tension was measured in the subcutaneous tissue of the right upper arm.

Results
At the start of surgery subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (Psqo2) was similar in both groups (mean(s.d.) 65·8(17·2) and 63·7(23·6) mmHg for open and laparoscopic operations respectively; P = 0·714). Tissue oxygen remained stable in the open group, but dropped significantly in the laparoscopic group during the course of surgery (Psqo2 after operation 53·4(12·9) and 45·5(11·6) mmHg, respectively; P = 0·012).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic colonic surgery significantly decreases Psqo2, an effect that occurs early in the course of surgery. As tissue oxygen tension is a predictor of wound infection, these results may explain why the risk of wound infection after laparoscopic surgery remains higher than expected.