bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholinacetylase in Innervated and Denervated Sympathetic Ganglia and Ganglion Cells of the Cat
Authors: Buckley G. , Consolo S. , Giacobini E. , Sjöqvist F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract>Cholinacetylase (ChAc) activity was determined in normal and denervated lumbosacral sympathetic ganglia of the cat. Preganglionic denervation resulted in 98 per cent decrease of the ChAc. The postsynaptic ChAc activity was related to the proportion of presumably cholinergic cell bodies in the denervated ganglion. ChAc was found in about 13 per cent of the cell bodies in the 7th lumbar ganglion before as well as after denervation. The average enzyme activity in the cell decreased by about 50 per cent after denervation. The results indicate that ChAc is rather specifically located in cholinergic presynaptic and postsynaptic structures. The data favour the concept that sympathetic ganglia of the cat contain at least two different cell populations with distinct cytochemical, histochemical and pharmacological characteristics.
The Effect of Reserpine on Transmission in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Engberg I. , Lundberg A. , Ryall R. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEngberg, I., A. Lundberg and R. W. Ryall. The effect of reserpine on transmission in the spinal cord. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 115–122.In unanesthetized acute spinal cats, in which monoamine oxidase is inhibited, an i.v. injection of reserpine gives a profound depression of transmission from the flexor reflex afferents (FRA) to primary afferents and motoneurones. The effect is similar to that evoked by the monoamhe precursors DOPA or 5‐HTP including a release of late reflex actions from the FRA. In chrohic spinal cats reserpine has no effect on transmission from the FRA. The effect of reserpine is partially reversed by the 5‐HT antagonist Deseril (which also partially reverses the effect of 5‐HTP) but not by phenoxybenzamine (which reverses the effect of DOPA). It is postulated that reserpine acts by liberation of 5‐HT from descending fibres. The possibility that reserpine also acts on transmission from the FRA through liberation of noradrenaline is discussed.
Effect of Reserpine on the Urinary Excretion and the Tissue Levels of Noradrenaline in the Rat1
Authors: Andén Nils‐Erik , Henning Matts 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndén, S.‐E. and M. Henning.Effect of reserpine on the urinary excretion and the tissue levels of noradrenaline in the rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 134–138.Reserpine. (10 mg/kg i.p.) caused R redtiction to about 10 per cent of the normal in the amoumt of noradrenaline excreted in the urine by adreno‐demedullated rats. After 48 hrs the noradrenalinc exerction had increased significantly (P<0.095) to ahout 30 per cent and after 72 hrs to about 55 per cent of normal. Simultaneously with these increases the sympathetic. nerve function is restored partially and completely, respectively. The noradranaline levels of sympathetically innervated organs were reduced almost completely after the reserpine injection and there was no significant change of them at the time of the functional recovery. Similarly results were obtained when an additional dose of reserpine (1 mg/kg i.p.) was given 72 hrs after the first one.
Nervous Control of Urinary Bladder in Cats: II. The expulsion phase
Authors: Edvardsen Per 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEdvardsen, P. Nervous control of urinary bladder in, cats. II. The expulsion phase. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 172–182.The volume threshold for micturition is altered by transection of the brain stem at variousu levels and also by section of the sympathetic nerves to the bladder. The aim of the present experiments has been to investigate whether the supraspinal influences are brought about by means of changes in peripheral sympathetic mechanisms. Mostly male cats were investigated using the ‘direct cystometry’ method. Cystometrograms obtained preoperatively were compared with those obtained after peripheral sympathectomy and during the phase of increased motility following laparotomy. Then the effects of brain stem transection on the micturition threshold in the. presence and absence of sympathetic innervation were compared. The peripheral factor responsible for eliciting the micturition reflex was found to be the tension in the bladder wall as assessed from the intravesical pressure. The lower volume threshold found after sympathectomy is due to the hypertonicity of the bladder following this procedure. The tonic supraspinal influence on the micturition reflex, on the other hand, was not altered by interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder. Thus, the expulsion of urine is controlled by two different mechanisms, namely a peripheral regulation of the tension in the bladder wall and a supraspinal regulation of the micturition reflex threshold.
Tonic Supraspinal Mechanisms Influencing the Intestino – Intestinal Inhibitory Reflex
Authors: Johansson Börje , Jonsson Olof , Ljung Bengt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractJohansson, B., O. Jonsson and H. Ljung. Tonic supraspinal mechanisms influencing the intestino‐intestinal inhibitory reflex. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 200–204.Supraspinal control mechanisms acting on the spinal intestino‐intestinal inhibitory reflex have been studied with regard to their possible tonic influence. The experiments which were done on chloralose or chloralose‐urethane anesthetized, vagotomized cats involved acute experimental lesions at the mesencephalic and cervical spinal levels of the CNS. The results indicate that the autonomic reflex is subjected to facilitation from suprabulbar areas and to strong tonic suppression from bulbar structures.
On the Components of the Kr85Wash‐Out Curves from the Small Intestine of the Cat
Authors: Kampp Mogens , Lundgren Ove , Sjöstrand Johan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe wash‐out of intra‐arterially injected Kr35from denervated small intestinal segments (mainly jejunum) of the cat was recorded by means of a scintillation detector at various levels of vascular tone. The elimination curve could be resolved into four components (I‐IV) at all blood flow levels. Four independent methods were used in an attempt to localize the different componerits, namely, registration of the elimination of β‐activity, local injections into different parts of the intestinal segment, autoradiography and comparisons of weights of the compartments. The following localization of the four components was made probable. The first component reflected predominantly a countercurrent exchange of krypton between the ascending and descending limbs of the vascular loops in the mucosa at “resting” flow levels. During vasodilatation, this component mirrored mainly the wash‐out of the tracer from a well‐perfused region in the mucosa‐submucosa. The second and third components mainly reflected the disappearance of Kr85from the mucosa and the muscularis, respectively. The slowest component (IV) probably mirrored an elimination of Kr85from the perivascular fat of the mesentery and an absorption of the tracer from the intestinal lumen.
Aortic Baroreceptor Activity in Normal and Hypertensive Rabbits
Authors: Aars Harald 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe baroreceptor activity in the entire left aortic nerve was recorded in 9 normal and 5 hypertensive rabbits. A technique based on rectification and integration of the nerve potentials allowed separate analysis of the mean, systolic and diastolic activities. The nervous activities measured at different diastolic blood pressures showed only small variations during recordings over several hours. and small inter‐individual variations. In hypertensive rabbits, the receptors required a higher pressure to start firing than in normal rabbits. The activity was lower at all pressures in hypertensive animals. The difference from normal rabbits increased with increasing pressure, and was most pronounced for the systolic part of the firing. Mechanisms for causing the resetting of baroreceptor activity in hypertension are discussed. It is concluded that a combination of hypertensive wall changes and exhaustion or destruction of some receptors is probably responsible for the resetting.
The Distribution of Fatty Acids between Serum Albumin and Red Cell Ghosts
Authors: Göransson Göran 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe chemical composition of red cell ghosts are reported. Incubations with red cell ghosts and labeled fatty acids bound to albumin have been carried out. The results show that long and saturated acids are bound to a greater extent to the cell membranes than short and un‐saturated acids. With an increasing mole ratio fatty acids/albumin an increasing percentage of oleic acid was transfered to the cell membranes. It is pointed out that this same tendency was noted earlier in experiments with serum, lipo‐proteins and fatty acids bound to albumin.
A Study of the Muscle Activity and Blood Flow in the Muscles of the Upper Arm in Supporting Heavy Loads
Authors: Carlsöö Sven , Guharay A. R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA fairly heavy load can be held in the arm without any muscular activity and also without an increase in muscle temperature. However, when voluntary effort is used to bring the muscles into activity, the temperature increased gradually. The importance of “passive tissues” in such type of work has been stressed.
Glucose Metabolism and Response to Insulin of Isolated Fat Cells and Epididymal Fat Pads
Authors: Gliemann Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe glucose uptake and the conversion of glucose 1‐14C to 14C‐carbon dioxide and 14C‐tri‐glyceride by epiclidymal fat pads and fat cells isolated after treatment with collagenase was studied with varying concentrations of glucose in the incubation medium. The isolated fat cells took up and metabolized slightly more glucose than the fat pads at a low concentration (0.1 mglml) but seveial fold more than the fat pads at a high concentration (1.6 mg/ml). In the presence of insulin, the isolated cells took up and metabolized 2–3 times more glucose than the fat pads at the low medium glucose concentration and about the same as the fat pads at the high medium glucose concentration. The isolated cells were about 10 times more sensitive to insulin than the fat pads. The isolated cells responded to a concentration of 1.25 μU of insulin per ml and a maximal effect was obtained with a concentration of 20 μU per ml. The equivalent figures for the epididymal fat pads were about 10 μU per ml and 320 μU per ml. Isolated fat cells, preincubated with insulin (100 μU/ml) and then washed, were stimulated for 15–30 min whereas epididymal fat pads, similarly preincubated with insulin (1,000 pU/ ml) and washed remained fully stimulated throughout a 2 hr incubation period. The differences in glucose metabolism of isolated fat cells and epididymal fat pads could be partially explained by a limitation of the glucose diffusion into the fat pad. In addition, the isolated cells seemed more permeable to glucose than fat cells of the “intact” tissue.
Effects of Gastrin and Histamine on Vagally Induced Acid and Pepsin Secretion in Antrectomized Dogs*
Authors: Olbe Lars , Ridley Peter T. , Uvnäs Börje 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe acid and pepsin responses to sham feeding were studied in 3 Pavlov pouch dogs in which the gastrin releasing regions had been removed. A threshold dose of gastrin extract or histamine for acid secretion potentiated the acid sham feeding response but did not alter the pepsin sham feeding response. Suprathreshold doses of either agent had an additive effect on the potentiated acid sham feeding response but siynificantly inhibited the pepsin sham freding: response.
Monosynaptic Excitation of Alpha Motoneurones from Supraspinal Structures in the Cat
Authors: Lund S. , Pompeiano O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe origin of descending fibres evoking monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in motoneurones was studied.Lumbar flexor and extensor motoneurones were recorded from intracellularly.The ipsilateral ventral and lateral funicles were stimulated at thoracic level in cats with and without chronic lesions of the ipsilateral cervical cord or vestibular complex.In other experiments the ipsilateral Deiters' nucleus was stimulated.Valleys in decending ipsilateral fibres evoke a monosynaptic EPSP in the majority of the flexor and extensor motoneurones with an amplitude corresponding to about 25 per cent of the homonymous group Ia EPSP.The effect is almost entirely of supraspinal origin.Most extensor motoneurones receive this action from fibres originating in the ipsilateral Deiters' nucleus.Flexor, and probably some species of extensor motoneurones, receive the action from a supraspinal structure outside the ipsilateral vestibular complex.The results are discussed in relation to the cerebellar influence on the Deiters' nucleus and the cerebellar inhibition of extensor rigidity.
The Secretion of Sodium and Potassium in Cat Submandibular Saliva during the First Period after Start of Stimulation
Authors: Petersen Ole Holger , Poulsen Jørgen Hedemark 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn a previous publication the existence of a positive sodium rest transient in the cat submandibular saliva was shown.This sodium transient was greater and had a longer duration than the well known positive potassium rest transient.In the present work a negative potassium transient, succeeding the positive potassium transient and in many respects being closely linked to the positive sodium transient, has been demonstrated.This negative potassium transient, as well as the positive potassium transient, is also reflected in the venous outflow from the gland.
Cardiac Rhythm during Breath‐Holding and Water Immersion in Man
Authors: Paulev Poul‐Erik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA report is given of the pulse alterations in 30 subjects during face immersion with and without apnea.The breath was held after one mamixal inspiration, at a transmural, thoracic pressure of zero to +5 mm Hg.Apnea in itself produced a decrease in pulse averaging 9 per cent of the control pulse (mean: 75pLS.E.2.2 beats/min).Apnea plus immersion of the face in 15d̀ C water produced a 14 per cent fall, and face immersion in 15d̀ C water without apnea produced a 7 per cent fall.—In 11 supine subjects the pulse response during apnea was found to be a function of the transmural, thoracic pressure, with little difference between the response in air and in 36d̀ C water.—Both the bradycardia provoked by apnea plus face immersion and that provoked by apnea during whole body immersion is temperature dependent.It is concluded that the bradycardia observed during apneic diving in man, originates from two independent factors.One of these is an ‘apnea bradycardia’ elicited from the intrathoracic, high pressure baroreceptors, and the other is a bradycardia elicited by cold stimulation of the skin.Thus, the validity of Irvings concept of a general vertebrate diving reflex (with unknown receptors) common to animals and man, seems dubious.
The Effect of Oxygen Breathing at Atmospheric Pressure on the Metabolism of Glycerol and Ethanol in Cats.
Authors: Larsen Jens Anker 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt was found that breathing of oxygen may depress the elimination rate of glycerol in chloralose anesthetized cats.but the depressive effect was highly dependent on the simultaneous metabolism of ethanol.When glycerol and ethanol were infused together, the addition of glycinc increased the elimination rate of glycerol.This increase was inhibited by oxygen breathing.A similar although less pronounced change was seen in the metabolism of ethanol.The results suggest that the effect of oxygen breathing may be explained by inhibition of dehydrogenases responsible for the oxidation of ethanol and by inhibition of the production of adenosine‐5‐triphosphate.
The Effect of Exercise on the Development of Collateral Circulation after Experimental Occlusion of the Femoral Artery in the Cat
Authors: Sanne H. , Sivertsson R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFlow resistance in the collateral vessels passing an occlusion of the femoral artery was determined 5 weeks after the occlusion in 24 cats kept in small cages and 21 cats trained daily on a treadmill. The collateral resistance was determined at maximal vasodilatation to reveal whether a structural outgrowth had taken place. Despite the occurrence of a pronounced “spontaneous” outgrowth of the colalteral vessels, it could be shwon that collateral resistance was 30 per cent less in the trained group. This difference was statistically highly significant (0.01>p>0.001). On the other hand, flow resistance in the vascular bed, distal to the occlusion, did not change after the arterial occlusion and was not affected by training
Hemodynamics of the Bone Marrow Circulation
Authors: Michelsen Kåre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn 44 anesthetized rabbits the femur was perfused in situ through the nutrient artery by blood led through an extracorporal perfusion arrangement from the left carotid artery. Blood inflow, perfusion pressure and intramedullary venous pressure were recorded. At perfusion pressures of 110 to 150 cm of saline (80 to 110 mm of Hg) blood flow in the different animals ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 ml/minXg wet marrow tissue, and intramedullary venous pressure from 10 to 80 cm of saline (7 to 60 mm of Hg). Flow and intramedullary venous pressure both increased with the perfusion pressure whereas flow decreased and intramedullary venous pressure increased when the venous pressure outside the bone increased, showing that in the bone marrow both an arterial and a venous resistance were present. The predominant effect of noradrenaline was to constrict, and of acetylcholine to dilate arterial vessels. No reactive hyperemia could be demonstrated upon occlusion of the arterial inflow. The arterial vessel showed only a weak ability to autoregulate flow. The venous resistance varied greatly from one preparation to another, differing from only a small fraction of‐to more than half the total vascular resistance in the bone marrow. It stayed constant or increased with increasing perfusion pressure, thereby causing the pressure‐flow relationship curves to differ from convex against the pressure‐ to convex against the flow axis. The hemodynamic properties demonstrated were explained as being due to the unusual vascular anatomy and the rigid enclosement of the bone marrow
Fecal Sterols in Infants Bile Acids and Steroids 194
Authors: Gustafsson J.‐Å. , Werner B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe predominant sterols in feces of 31 infants have been studied by gas‐liquid chromatogaphy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Cholesterol, β‐sitosterol, and campesterol were the predominant sterols in feces of infants under one year of age. At about the age of 1 year, coprostanol began to appear in feces; after this tiem the predominant fecal sterols were coprostanol, cholesterol, campesterol, 24a‐ethylcoprostanol, and β‐sitosterol. The sterol pattern of feces of infants from 5 months of age up to the highest age investigated (1 year and 9 months), however, was characterized by considerable individual variation
Postexcitatory Depression of Gustatory Receptors
Authors: Hellekant Göran 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt was observed that when the same sapid solution was applied two or more times to the tongue of the cat, the first exposure depressed following responses although the tongue was continuously rinsed with water between the periods of stimulation. This depression vanished gradually but was noticeable after some substances even after one min of water rinse. The time course of the depression depended on the chemical and its concentration, but seemed to be unaffected a) by changes in temperature (27–40°C), b) by the duration of stimulation (3–10 sec) and c) the flow rates of the water rinse (1.7–5 ml/sec).
Exercise and Arterial Pressure during Simulated Increase of Gravity
Authors: Linnarsson D. , Rosenhamer G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHeart rate and arterial pressure were continuously recorded in eight healthy young adults in the sitting position at 3 G, acting in the head‐seat direction, before and during leg exercise at 600 kpm/min for 6 min. In spite of the threefold increase of the hydrostatic pressure gradient along the head‐trunk line the arterial mean pressure at the level of the heart was higher at 3 G than at normal gravity, both at rest and during exercise. Exercise at 3 G resulted in a more rapid rise in the arterial mean and pulse pressures, the final increments being similar or somewhat greater than they were at normal gravity. The results emphasize the importance of the leg muscle pump as a booster of the cardiac pump in situations where large hydrostatic pressures in the lower portion of the body would otherwise tend to curtail the effective circulating blood volume.
Effect of Direct Current on the Responses to Colored Flashes of Single Cells in Monkey Cortex
Authors: Guld Christian , Lennox‐Buchthal Margaret 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn monkeys the response to monochromatic flashes was recorded of single units in the cortex corresponding to within 1–2° from the fovea. All units which responded selectively to blue, to green or to red flashes did so in an on fashion.Direct currents were applied through the tip of the recording microelectrode. The effects of currents were those to be expected of jntracellular electrodes. Smaller polarizing currents than those exciting the cell directly affected the response to light. This effect was related to the cell's spectral sensitivity. The response of red‐sensitive cells was decreased by depolarizing currents but polarizing currents did not change the response of green‐sensitive units. The conclusion is that red‐ and green‐sensitive units have a specific synaptic organization in the cortex. Units responding to all colors were affected by polarizing currents in the way to be expected, i.e. their response was increased by depolarizing and decreased by hyperpolarizing currents. The response of blue‐sensitive units was affected variously.
Muscle Spindle Responses to Concomitant Variations in Length and in Fusimotor Activation1
Authors: Lennerstrand Gunnar , Thoden Uwe 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe capability of the different fusimotor fibres to mediate the governing signals in the proposed ‘follow‐up length’ servo regulation of muscle movements can be judged from the responses of spindle endings to increasing rates of fusimotor fibre stimulation concomitant with passive muscle shortening. Spindle endings in the ankle and the intercostal muscles have been studied. Dynamic and static fusimotor fibres have been stimulated in isolation or in combinations. Length and fusimotor inputs have been modulated in triangular waves, mostly of equal periodicity. For a servo action the afferent impulse frequency should be able to increase in pace with increasing fusimotor drive in spite of concomitant length decrements. Most of the static fibres, but none of the dynamic fibres, could induce an acceleration of the spindle discharge over the physiological range of length changes. This ability of the static fibres was not affected by the co‐activation of a dynamic fibre either with varying rates or with constant rate of stimulation, but when the activation by another static fibre was added, the increase in impulse rate was sometimes transformed into a decline. Some static fibres, most of which had type II effects on the position sensitivity, showed little ability to perform servo action as defined above. Other functional implications of the results are also discussed.