bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the information behavior of lay mediaries
Authors: Abrahamson Jennie A. , Fisher Karen E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe notion of proxy information seekers or lay mediaries has risen to the forefront of recent information behavior research. Defined broadly as people who seek information on behalf of others without necessarily being asked to do so or engaging in follow‐up with the recipient(s), lay mediaries are becoming more prevalent and thus identifiable due to expanding information and communication technologies such as forwarding and other Web‐based alerting services. The bi‐fold purpose of our poster is to review past research on lay mediaries and related notions, and to propose a conceptual model that can be used to base future empirical and theoretical work.
Facets and measures of gene ontology annotation quality in model organism databases
Authors: MacMullen W. John 
Published: October 2007

AbstractModel organism databases are important repositories of data and information for biomedical research, but are useful to scientists only if the information they contain meets certain levels of quality. This methodology paper describes six facets of information quality applicable to Gene Ontology (GO) annotations in model organism databases, and defines corresponding metrics to be used in measuring the quality of annotations made by one or more human database curators. The defined facets and measures of annotation quality are: consistency, reliability, specificity, completeness, accuracy, and validity. Contextual factors, and factors affecting internal and external validity, are also discussed.
Linking and thinking: The use of typed informational relationships in aid of semantic navigation
Authors: Kopak Richard , Chiang Chia‐Ning 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn underlying challenge of hypertext systems is that of maintaining coherence in meaning when traversing nodes. Functional link typing is one method that has been proposed to address this challenge with the consequent action of increasing global coherence within the hypertext and facilitating increased comprehension. As such, functional link types are efficacious for navigating through the meaning relationships (semantics) of a hypertext and reduce reliance of physical navigation metaphors. The study described here employs a previously developed link type taxonomy in a Web‐based journal publishing system (OJS). The goal is to enable readers to create functionally meaningful relationships between journal articles with the outcome of enhancing later, semantic based, navigation through the collection as a whole.
Perceptions of bioinformatics researchers regarding copyright issues under the open access environment
Authors: Chang Duk‐Hyun , Roh Ryu‐Ha 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOpen access is considered an alternative model for the promotion of scholarly communication, and much research has been done for the introduction and implication of it. Open access, however, is a relatively a new concept and requires authors' voluntary participation such as transfer of copyrights and providing the public with his/her research outcomes. In terms that authors are the major stakeholders for the open access initiative, it is very important to investigate the researchers' perceptions on copyright issues in terms of the open access environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate researchers' perceptions on copyright issues which may be one of the primary issues for the open access initiatives. Through a literature review and a survey, this research portrays many issues surrounding copyright and open access. They may vary depending on the types of research outcomes such as preprints, research reports and postprints. It also surveys many conditions, especially in terms of copyright issues, that researchers demand when s/he decides to put their research outcomes to use by the public.
A social network approach for analyzing computer mediated communication dialogs
Authors: Pai Shantanu , Zhang Qiping 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTraditional performance measures in computer‐mediated communication research focus on performance time and quality. While communication process analyses provide us a deep understanding of performance outcomes with rich qualitative discourse analysis, it often lacks an appropriate method to reveal the relationship among individual communication activity codes. Social network analysis fills this gap by providing a way to visualize and analyze relationships between communication activity codes. In this paper we have illustrated an example of using social network software to analyze the communication pattern in a negotiation task.
Structuration theory and the use of XML for web site content management in government: Comprehensive prototyping as an induced change episode
Authors: Gil‐Garcia J. Ramon , Canestraro Donna , Costello Jim , Baker Andrea , Werthmuller Derek 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs with other emergent technologies, XML has the potential to help government agencies significantly improve the management and maintenance of their Web sites and other Web applications. However, the benefits and barriers of using XML for Web site content management cannot be adequately understood without a clear and systematic knowledge about the technology and the environment in which it will be embedded. Using structuration theory and Giddens' concept of change episode, this paper argues that comprehensive prototyping can potentially produce the necessary knowledge and shared understandings among participants about both technology and organizational context. Throughout their active engagement in training, facilitated workshops, team assignments, and prototyping activities, the participants developed similar conceptions about the capabilities and limitations of XML for Web site management. In terms of Giddens, their facilities, norms, and interpretive schemes became more similar because of the intensive interaction among team members (technical and program staff) and between teams (from multiple and diverse government agencies). Overall, participants reached a greater consensus about the importance of 50% of the potential benefits and 75% of the perceived barriers. The differences about benefits and barriers between technical and program staff (that were statistically significant) went from two benefits and six barriers to zero benefits and two barriers, suggesting more similar understandings.
eHealthSmart®: Designing personalized e‐technology to reduce health disparities on urban adult populations
Authors: Du Yunfei , Weglicki Linda S. , Mendez Jennifer , Jarosz Patricia , Awad Neveen , Ellis Darin , Tan Joseph K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis interdisciplinary study (information science, nursing, business, engineering, and gerontology) focuses on the design and development of personalized eHealthSmart®, an information system specific to smoking cessation, health diet, and exercise. In designing and developing eHealthSmart® we adopted theoretical frameworks of Kolb Learning‐Style Inventory and Davis Technology Acceptance Model. The system was built using ColdFusion scripting language, MySQL database, running at the Linux platform. It is clear from our pilot test that urban older adults have access, are comfortable, and willing to participate in educational programs that use personalized eHealth programs.
Libraries and AIDS in sub‐saharan Africa: Realities of culture and curriculum
Authors: Albright Kendra , Kigongo‐Bukenya Isaac 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defines a library as “any organized collection of printed books and periodicals or of any other graphic or audio‐visual materials, and the services of a staff to provide and facilitate the use of such materials as are required to meet the informational, research, educational or recreational needs of its users” (1970). Libraries, by UNESCO definition, are few in SSA, although there are many relevant information related activities. Historically, library and information professionals (LIS) in SSA suffer from the perception that libraries are not necessary. They face obstacles including illiteracy, oral tradition, and a limited awareness of the need for libraries. Despite the perception that libraries are unnecessary in SSA, there are record numbers of professionals graduating from LIS programs and engaged in productive information‐related work. A particular example is the need for information in the fight against AIDS. Information must be organized, managed, and disseminated to help combat the spread of the disease, offering a particular challenge for libraries. This paper presents the preliminary findings of a literature review and survey of library and information professionals in Sub‐Saharan Africa who are involved with HIV/AIDS information dissemination. AIDS information activities are reported, identifying challenges for LIS professionals in Sub‐Saharan Africa and the opportunity for libraries is presented. Implications for LIS education are discussed. Through examination of current information activities related to AIDS, libraries can take an important and more active role while facilitating the identity and reputation of the profession. LIS curriculum could be adjusted to address the unique information needs of Sub‐Saharan societies.
Games for co‐evolution of digital resources and knowledge tools
Authors: Keeler Mary A. , Pfeiffer Heather D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSuccessful digital resources have resulted from effective partnerships among content experts and tool builders, but such relationships are difficult to establish. Collaboratory testbeds were originally conceived as a response to that difficulty, but have been largely unsuccessful. We contend that effective testbed partnerships are as essential for knowledge‐tool advancement as that advancement is to the support of effective partnerships, since knowledge tools must evolve to augment rather than merely to replicate human inference. We are building a game framework as a method for instituting testbed partnerships and an architecture for modular knowledge‐tool integration, as essential steps in the co‐evolution of knowledge tools and digital resource testbeds.
Investigating the performance of automatic new topic identification across multiple datasets
Authors: Özmutlu H. Cenk , Cavdur Fatih , Spink Amanda , Ozmutlu Seda 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent studies on automatic new topic identification in Web search engine user sessions demonstrated that neural networks are successful in automatic new topic identification. However most of this work applied their new topic identification algorithms on data logs from a single search engine. In this study, we investigate whether the application of neural networks for automatic new topic identification are more successful on some search engines than others. Sample data logs from the Norwegian search engine FAST (currently owned by Overture) and Excite are used in this study. Findings of this study suggest that query logs with more topic shifts tend to provide more successful results on shift‐based performance measures, whereas logs with more topic continuations tend to provide better results on continuation‐based performance measures.
How to organize digital photos: A case study with amateur digital photographers
Authors: Jeong Wooseob 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDigital cameras are rapidly replacing older film camera both in personal and in professional level of photography. Many people already have a digital camera at home. Even a cell phone may have a digital camera on it. As a result, people have numerous digital photos on their PC taken by their digital camera. To manage the photos, numerous software packages are available; however, their effectiveness is still questionable.
Identifying the core of an emerging multidisciplinary domain
Authors: Proctor Jason M. , Weber Rosina O. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNew scientific fields often grow from the intersections and boundaries between existing disciplines. Before these new domains are well established, with important authors and key journals, publications are usually mixed into the journals and conferences of the parent domains, making it difficult to identify core works. This paper presents a validated approach that begins by finding authors in three disciplines who are contributing to the emerging field of quantitative microbial risk analysis, then mining their coauthors and citations to characterize the new domain. The algorithm's results are more comprehensive if the solution sets for the three fields are combined for processing at the end, rather than treating the new field as already established in the intersection of the selected authors.
Source and user characteristics affecting the source selection behavior
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Sun , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe study was conducted to examine how and why college students select certain information sources over others for their course‐related work. It also aimed at identifying user characteristics affecting the source perception and selection, and their effects. Research questions included: (1) What are the frequently used sources? If users with different characteristics select and use different sources, what are the characteristics and their impacts?; (2) What are the criteria considered to be important for the source selection? If users with different characteristics view the importance of selection criteria differently, what are the characteristics and their impacts?; and (3) What are the perceived characteristics of sources related to the actual selection/use of sources? If the relationship between the characteristics and selection/use of sources changes depending on user characteristics, what are such user characteristics? A Web survey with semantic differential rating scales was used to collect data. Students from a public university participated in the study (n=122). Findings suggest that users' problem‐solving style (emotion‐focused vs. problem‐focused) influences the sources selection behavior (e.g., source usage; source characteristics related to the selection).
Information behavior realities in organizations
Authors: Detlor Brian , Choo Chun Wei , Bergeron Pierrette , Heaton Lorna 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis short paper provides discussion on the influencing effect of information behavior in organizations, as well as the forces which influence information behavior itself. The research goal is to offer insight on the nature of information behavior in organizations. To do so, the authors present findings from their quantitative analysis of a Web‐based survey administered in one particular information knowledge and information intensive firm. Results point to: i) the stronger role information behavior plays over information management processes and policies in affecting organizational information use outcomes; ii) the influencing effect of the information environment on organizational information behaviors; and iii) the influencing effect of both the information environment and organizational information behaviors on personal information behavior.
Analyzing uncertainty tolerance in information discovery and use
Authors: Anderson Theresa Dirndorfer 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis short paper/poster discusses the role uncertainty plays in judgments of the meaning and significance of ideas and texts encountered by scholars working with networked information systems. Uncertainty is often associated with risk, fear and danger. However, the perception and strategic use of uncertainty can be both a positive and negative influence on behavior. This poster discusses an investigation of the nature of uncertainty in the context of scholarly research and the use of networked information systems in the ongoing research activities of two informants. What forms do positive and negative perceptions of uncertainty take in this context? How much uncertainty are people in such a context prepared to tolerate? The themes presented here are based on a process‐oriented, longitudinal study of these judgments. This poster invites discussion about the complexity surrounding searcher experiences of uncertainty by demonstrating how working through uncertainty becomes a mediating strategy for knowledge generation.
Identification of user sessions with hierarchical agglomerative clustering
Authors: Murray G. Craig , Lin Jimmy , Chowdhury Abdur 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe introduce a novel approach to identifying Web search user sessions based on the burstiness of users' activity. Our method is user‐centered rather than population‐centered or system‐centered and can be deployed in situations in which users choose to withhold personal content information. We adopt a hierarchical agglomerative clustering approach with a stopping criterion that is statistically motivated by users' activities. An evaluation based on extracts from AOL Search&&num;8482; logs reveals that our algorithm achieves 98% accuracy in identifying session boundaries compared to human judgments.
Information seeking like an ant: Mobile guide assistance for inducing where to go next
Authors: Lueg Christopher P. , Bidwell Nicola J. , Göth Christoph 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOne of the open questions in information behavior research is as to how, and to what extent, the human body 'mediates' exposure to and interaction with the complex information environment that is the real world. In this paper we contribute a relevant observation made during field experiments with mobile guides. We also provide possible explanations including one that draws from biology research, in particular research on insect navigation
4th Global Information Village Plaza ‐ Personal and Professional Trust in information in the 21st century
Authors: Bowen Aaron , Wilson Amanda 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBuilding on the success of the 2002‐2004 Global Information Village Plazas, this symposium maintains its interactive format, allowing ASIS&T members an opportunity to express their personal views about the challenges and opportunities that the information society represents in their personal and professional lives.The discussion will focus on the issue of trust in information ‐ specifically on how information professionals and members of a general public judge the authority of the information they receive. The discussion will pay particular attention to the way in which perceptions of trust change in different cultural contexts ‐ for example in societies and cultures that allow their citizens greater individual freedoms in comparison to more rigid or collective societies and cultures.This topic relates specifically to the theme of this year's conference ‐ Shaping the Digital Future for All ‐ in that information crosses national boundaries on a daily basis. Information shared between cultures can be subject to diverse perceptions of trust, which in turn affects a person's views of the value of an increasingly global information society in their personal and professional lives. The issue of trust in information is also relevant to librarians and information professionals, who must address questions such as what their role in building trust is, and how they may accomplish this in an era of global digital information, where users may turn to multiple sources of information of varying degrees of authority or subjectivity.This year's Global Information Village Plaza adds a new information and communication tool in the form of a blog, built and maintained by the same team who maintained the blog for the 2005 ASIS&T conference. This online interactive forum will be reachable by any professional, thereby allowing ASIS&T to expand its circle of interaction and offering the information professional community around the globe who will be unable to attend the 2006 Annual Meeting an opportunity to contribute their thoughts on trust in information.
An exploratory study of visual perception in relation to levels of meaning for children
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Hastings S.K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractYoung children often participate in reading picture books at home, public libraries, and preschools. Picture books provide children with meaning and an experience united in words and illustrations. Based on unobtrusive and participant observations in public libraries and preschools, this study employs surveys with parents and interviews with children in order to understand whether 3‐to 5‐year‐old children find distinct levels of meaning in images of picture books, and factors that influence their visual perception.
Image semantics in the description and categorization of journalistic photographs
Authors: Laine‐Hernandez Mari , Westman Stina 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper reports a study on the description and categorization of images. The aim of the study was to evaluate existing indexing frameworks in the context of reportage photographs and to find out how the use of this particular image genre influences the results. The effect of different tasks on image description and categorization was also studied. Subjects performed keywording and free description tasks and the elicited terms were classified using the most extensive one of the reviewed frameworks. Differences were found in the terms used in constrained and unconstrained descriptions. Summarizing terms such as abstract concepts, themes, settings and emotions were used more frequently in keywording than in free description. Free descriptions included more terms referring to locations within the images, people and descriptive terms due to the narrative form the subjects used without prompting. The evaluated framework was found to lack some syntactic and semantic classes present in the data and modifications were suggested. According to the results of this study image categorization is based on high‐level interpretive concepts, including affective and abstract themes. The results indicate that image genre influences categorization and keywording modifies and truncates natural image description.
A conception‐based approach to automatic subject term assignment for scientific journal articles
Authors: Chung EunKyung , Hastings Samantha K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study proposes a conception‐based approach to automatic subject term assignment when using Text Classification (TC) techniques. From the perspective of conceptual and theoretical views of subject indexing, this study identifies three conception‐based approaches, Domain‐Oriented, Document‐Oriented, and Content‐Oriented, in conjunction with eight semantic sources in typical scientific journal articles. Based on the identification of semantic sources and conception‐based approaches, the experiment explores the significance of individual semantic sources and conception‐based approaches for the effectiveness of subject term assignment. The results of the experiment demonstrate that some semantic sources and conception‐based approaches are better performers than the full text‐based approach which has been dominant in TC fields. In fact, this study indicates that subject terms are better assigned by TC techniques when the indexing conceptions are considered in conjunction with semantic sources.