bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterization, and prominent thermal stability of phase‐change microcapsules with phenolic resin shell and n‐hexadecane core
Authors: Jiang Yanbin , Wang Dujin , Zhao Tong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrocapsules with phenolic resin (PFR) shell and n‐hexadecane (HD) core were prepared by controlled precipitation of the polymer from droplets of oil‐in‐water emulsion, followed by a heat‐curing process. The droplets of the oil phase are composed of a polymer (PFR), a good solvent (ethyl acetate), and a poor solvent (HD) for the polymer. Removal of the good solvent from the droplets leads to the formation of microcapsules with the poor solvent encapsulated by the polymer. The microstructure, morphology, and phase‐change property as well as thermal stability of the microcapsules were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimety (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The phase‐change microcapsules exhibit smooth and perfect structure, and the shell thickness is a constant fraction of the capsule radius. The initial weight loss temperature of the microcapsules was determined to be 330°C in N2 and 255°C in air, respectively, while that of the bulk HD is only about 120°C both in air and N2 atmospheres. The weight loss mechanism of the microcapsules in different atmosphere is not the same, changing from the pyrolysis temperature of the core material in N2 to the evaporation of core material caused by the fracture of shell material in air. The melting point of HD in microcapsules is slightly lower than that of bulk HD, and a supercooling was observed upon crystallization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Ozone‐gas treatment of cationic dyeable polyester and poly(butylene terephthalate) fibers
Authors: Lee Myung Sun , Lee Muncheul , Wakida Tomiji , Saito Masumi , Yamashiro Takumi , Nishi Kenji , Inoue Goichi , Ishida Shinzo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCationic dyeable polyester and poly(butylene terephthalate) fabrics were treated with ozone gas under atmospheric pressure and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The effect of the ozone‐gas treatment was investigated on the basis of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, moisture regain, water absorption, and dyeing properties. The ozone‐gas treatment caused an increase in the oxygen content of each fiber. From the wave separation of C1s, the oxygen was incorporated in the form of CO and COO on the fiber surface, and also, despite an increase in the water absorption, the fiber density as an index of crystallinity increased a little with the treatment. As the result, we concluded that the treatment caused a change not only on the fiber surface but also in the internal structure of both fibers. Then, it seemed that the treatment brought about an effect on the dyeing properties. The apparent dyeing rate with the cationic dye increased remarkably with the ozone‐gas treatment, whereas that with the disperse dye increased slightly. Therefore, it was clear that the ozone‐gas treatment caused a change not only in the fine structure but also in the dyeing behavior. These phenomena were the same as those of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2423–2429, 2007
Preparation and characterization of polystyrene/titanium dioxide composite particles containing organic ultraviolet‐stabilizer groups
Authors: Zou Jiangpeng , Zhao Yi , Yang Mingjiao , Dan Yi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolystyrene/titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite particles containing organic ultraviolet (UV)‐stabilizer groups were prepared by the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(3‐methacryloxy‐2‐hydroxylpropoxy)benzophenone with sodium sulfopropyl lauryl maleate as a surfactant in the presence of rutile TiO2 modified with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, and the product was poly[styrene‐co‐sodium sulfopropyl lauryl maleate‐co‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐(3‐methacryloxy‐2‐hydroxylpropoxy) benzophenone] [poly(St‐co‐M12‐co‐BPMA)]/TiO2 composite particles. The structures of the composite particles were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The Fourier transform infrared and UV–vis measurements showed that poly(St‐co‐M12‐co‐BPMA) was grafted from the surface of TiO2, and this copolymer possessed a high absorbance capacity for UV light, which is very important for improving the UV resistance of polystyrene. The thermogravimetric analysis measurements indicated that the percentage of grafting and the grafting efficiency could reach 513.9 and 59.9%, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry measurement indicated that the glass‐transition temperature of the poly(St‐co‐M12‐co‐BPMA)/TiO2 composite particles was higher than that of poly (St‐co‐M12‐co‐BPMA).These research results are very important for preparing polystyrene with high UV resistance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Preparation and properties of cycloolefin copolymer/silica hybrids
Authors: Ou Cheng‐Fang , Hsu Ming‐Chieh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolymer substrates are widely used in the flat‐panel‐display industry because of their flexibility, light weight, and high power efficiency. However, the lower glass‐transition temperatures and thermal stability and higher water/oxygen permeation of cycloolefin copolymers (COCs) constrain their applications in display substrates. In this research, COC/tetraethyloxysilane (TEOS) hybrids were synthesized via a sol–gel process. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the glass‐transition temperature of the hybrids was higher than that of neat COC and rose significantly as the TEOS content was increased from 1 to 15 wt %. According to an analysis of IR spectra, the fraction of hydrogen‐bonded carbonyl groups in the hybrids increased as the TEOS content increased. This meant that the interfacial interaction contributed by hydrogen bonds for the COC/TEOS hybrid system increased as the TEOS content increased from 1 to 15 wt %. On the basis of scanning electron microscopy, the number of dispersed droplets of silica increased as the content of TEOS increased. The decomposition temperatures of the hybrids, investigated with thermogravimetric analysis, were not affected significantly by the addition of TEOS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2542–2548, 2007
Elevated plasma asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine levels are linked to endothelial progenitor cell depletion and carotid atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Surdacki Andrzej , Martens‐Lobenhoffer Jens , Wloch Alicja , Marewicz Ewa , Rakowski Tomasz , Wieczorek‐Surdacka Ewa , Dubiel Jacek S. , Pryjma Juliusz , Bode‐Böger Stefanie M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveSimilarities between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherosclerosis include endothelial dysfunction (an antecedent of plaque formation) and depletion of circulating bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that endothelial progenitor cell depletion and subclinical atherosclerosis in RA may be related to accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine.MethodsWe studied 30 patients with active RA and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were clinically evident atherosclerosis, traditional risk factors, hyperhomocysteinemia, and renal dysfunction. The blood endothelial progenitor cell count was assayed by flow cytometry and expressed as a percentage of lymphocytes. PlasmaL‐arginine, asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine, and symmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine were measured with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mean carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) was assessed by B‐mode ultrasound.ResultsIn RA patients, we found elevated levels of asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine (mean ± SD 0.49 ± 0.07 μmoles/liter versus 0.40 ± 0.07 μmoles/liter in controls;P< 0.001), a depressed endothelial progenitor cell count (0.039 ± 0.025% versus 0.063 ± 0.035%;P< 0.05), and increased IMT (0.65 ± 0.13 mm versus 0.55 ± 0.10 mm;P< 0.01), with no differences in levels ofL‐arginine or symmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine. The endothelial progenitor cell count was inversely correlated with the level of asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine. IMT was positively related to the ratio of asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine toL‐arginine and negatively related to the endothelial progenitor cell count, in univariate and multivariate analyses.ConclusionPlasma asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine levels are elevated in RA patients free of cardiovascular disease or risk factors. Asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine accumulation may contribute to endothelial progenitor cell depletion via depressed NO‐dependent endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and/or survival, with consequent impairment of endothelial progenitor cell–mediated endothelial repair, which can promote atherogenesis in RA.
No evidence for genetic association of interferon regulatory factor 1 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Fife Mark S. , Gathercole Laura , Ogilvie Emma M. , Stock Carmel J. W. , Mack Lisa F. , Donn Rachelle P. , Thomson Wendy , Woo Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comprises several clinically distinct subgroups and is the most widespread cause of chronic childhood disability. A significant association between JIA and a polymorphism in the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF‐1) gene has previously been reported, implicating IRF1 in disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to replicate the IRF1 association in JIA using single‐marker and haplotype analyses in a case–control study, using control subjects different from those in the previous study and a larger cohort of patients (n = 765).MethodsDNA from 765 patients with JIA and 508 unaffected control subjects was genotyped for 4 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the IRF‐1 gene. Association of genotypes at the IRF1 loci was assessed using single‐marker and haplotype analyses.ResultsNo significant differences in genotype frequency or allele frequency were observed between patients and control subjects.ConclusionThis replication study used a much larger patient cohort to examine the association of IRF1 in JIA. However, despite the increased statistical power, we observed no significant association for IRF1 markers, either individually or as haplotypes. It is therefore unlikely that this gene is involved in JIA susceptibility.
RANKL:Osteoprotegerin ratio and bone mineral density in children with untreated juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Rouster‐Stevens Kelly A. , Langman Craig B. , Price Heather E. , Seshadri Roopa , Shore Richard M. , Abbott Kathy , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine bone mineral density (BMD) in patients at the time of diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), to compare the RANKL:osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in patients with juvenile DM with that in healthy control subjects, and to evaluate whether BMD is associated with the RANKL:OPG ratio and the duration of untreated disease.MethodsThirty‐seven children with juvenile DM were enrolled. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed before treatment, and Z scores for the lumbar spine (L1–L4) were determined. The duration of untreated disease was defined as the period of time from the onset of rash or weakness to the time at which DXA was performed. Serum specimens obtained at the time of DXA were analyzed for concentrations of RANKL and OPG, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The RANKL:OPG ratio was also determined in 44 age‐matched healthy control subjects.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis of juvenile DM, patients had a significantly increased RANKL:OPG ratio compared with that in healthy children (mean ± SD 2.19 ± 3.03 and 0.13 ± 0.17, respectively; P < 0.0001). In patients with a lumbar spine BMD Z score of −1.5 or lower, the RANKL:OPG ratio was significantly higher than that in patients with a lumbar spine BMD Z score higher than −1.5 (P = 0.038). Lumbar spine BMD Z scores (mean ± SD −0.13 ± 1.19 [range −2.10 to 2.85]) were inversely associated with the duration of untreated disease (R = −0.50, P = 0.003).ConclusionChildren with juvenile DM have an elevated RANKL:OPG ratio at the time of diagnosis, resulting in expansion of the number of osteoclasts and activation of the bone resorptive function. This may lead to a lack of normal bone mineral accretion and a subsequent reduction in the lumbar spine BMD Z score. Patients with a longer duration of untreated juvenile DM have reduced lumbar spine BMD Z scores. These data suggest that early diagnosis could reduce the likelihood of reduced lumbar spine BMD in these patients by prompting intervention strategies at an early stage.
Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents
Authors: Schmidt Tannin A. , Gastelum Nicholas S. , Nguyen Quynhhoa T. , Schumacher Barbara L. , Sah Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the synovial fluid (SF) constituents hyaluronan (HA), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), and surface‐active phospholipids (SAPL) contribute to boundary lubrication, either independently or additively, at an articular cartilage–cartilage interface.MethodsCartilage boundary lubrication tests were performed with fresh bovine osteochondral samples. Tests were performed using graded concentrations of SF, HA, and PRG4 alone, a physiologic concentration of SAPL, and various combinations of HA, PRG4, and SAPL at physiologic concentrations. Static (μstatic, Neq) and kinetic (<μkinetic, Neq>) friction coefficients were calculated.ResultsNormal SF functioned as an effective boundary lubricant both at a concentration of 100% (<μkinetic, Neq> = 0.025) and at a 3‐fold dilution (<μkinetic, Neq> = 0.029). Both HA and PRG4 contributed independently to a low μ in a dose‐dependent manner. Values of <μkinetic, Neq> decreased from ∼0.24 in phosphate buffered saline to 0.12 in 3,300 μg/ml HA and 0.11 in 450 μg/ml PRG4. HA and PRG4 in combination lowered μ further at the high concentrations, attaining a <μkinetic, Neq> value of 0.066. SAPL at 200 μg/ml did not significantly lower μ, either independently or in combination with HA and PRG4.ConclusionThe results described here indicate that SF constituents contribute, individually and in combination, both at physiologic and pathophysiologic concentrations, to the boundary lubrication of apposing articular cartilage surfaces. These results provide insight into the nature of the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by SF and its constituents. They therefore provide insight regarding both the homeostatic maintenance of healthy joints and pathogenic processes in arthritic disease.
Effects of tumor necrosis factor blockade on cardiovascular risk factors in psoriatic arthritis: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Sattar Naveed , Crompton Philippa , Cherry Lynne , Kane David , Lowe Gordon , McInnes Iain B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a robust, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study examining the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modulation on concentrations of traditional and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with an inflammatory condition.MethodsIn this double‐blind study, 127 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and active psoriasis were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms (placebo, onercept 50 mg, or onercept 100 mg for 12 weeks). Traditional and novel biochemical risk factors were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment period.ResultsAt baseline, an elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) level correlated positively with lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin‐6, and homocysteine levels but was inversely correlated with concentrations of all other lipid moieties and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Onercept at a dose of 100 mg induced significant (P ≤ 0.002) reductions in the levels of CRP (−14.0 versus 6.5 mg/liter with placebo), Lp(a) (−3.11 versus 1.52 mg/dl with placebo), and homocysteine (−1.72 versus 0.34 μmoles/liter with placebo) and an increase in the SHBG concentration (4.3 versus −1.3 mmoles/liter with placebo). The 100‐mg dose of onercept was also associated with significant (P < 0.05) increases in the level of circulating apolipoprotein AI (Apo A‐I) (4.0 versus −5.6 mg/dl with placebo); however, levels of Apo B (6.3 versus −0.4 mg/dl with placebo) and triglycerides (0.09 versus 0.04 mmoles/liter) were also increased.ConclusionThis study is the first to demonstrate that targeting the TNF pathway can significantly decrease Lp(a) and homocysteine levels and elevate Apo A‐I and SHBG concentrations. These data support an important precursor role for high‐grade inflammation in modulating these putative risk parameters. However, TNF blockade–induced increases in triglyceride and Apo B levels were unexpected and suggest that it is not possible, on the basis of biochemical changes in isolation, to suggest that cardioprotection would necessarily follow; rather, direct measures of atherosclerotic progression with TNF blockade (e.g., using carotid ultrasound) would be better.
Treatment with cyclophosphamide delays the progression of chronic lesions more effectively than does treatment with azathioprine plus methylprednisolone in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Grootscholten Cecile , Bajema Ingeborg M. , Florquin Sandrine , Steenbergen Eric J. , Peutz‐Kootstra Carine J. , Goldschmeding Roel , Bijl Marc , Hagen E. Christiaan , Van Houwelingen Hans C. , Derksen Ronald H. W. M. , Berden Jo H. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the effect of treatment with either pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC) or azathioprine (AZA) combined with methylprednisolone (MP), on serial biopsy results in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, and to evaluate the predictive value of various histopathologic and clinical parameters with regard to disease outcome.MethodsBiopsy specimens from patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, obtained at study entry and after 2 years of therapy, were scored according to a standardized method, and results assessed in relation to disease outcome.ResultsOf the 87 patients originally enrolled, 39 underwent repeat biopsy. These patients were representative of the overall group, both at entry and at 2‐year followup. The median activity index changed from 8.0 to 2.7 (no differences between the treatment groups). In the group treated with AZA plus MP (AZA group), the increase in the median chronicity index (from 2.7 to 3.8) was larger than that in the CYC group (from 2.7 to 3.0) (P = 0.050). In multivariate analyses, renal function at enrollment and after 2 years was the best predictor of renal function at the last visit, while none of the histopathologic variables (either at entry or at 2 years) added to this prediction. Comparing patients whose disease transitioned to class II with those who had persistent proliferative lupus nephritis revealed no differences between the treatment groups at either time point, and no clinical differences at 2 years. However, a higher serum creatinine level at entry and greater proteinuria at last visit were characteristic of patients who still had proliferative lupus nephritis at 2 years.ConclusionThese results indicate that, although both CYC and AZA are effective in reducing active lesions in lupus nephritis, progression of chronic lesions is more effectively halted by CYC. Variables assessed by repeat biopsy do not predict clinical outcome.
Defining a session on Web search engines
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. , Spink Amanda , Blakely Chris , Koshman Sherry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetecting query reformulations within a session by a Web searcher is an important area of research for designing more helpful searching systems and targeting content to particular users. Methods explored by other researchers include both qualitative (i.e., the use of human judges to manually analyze query patterns on usually small samples) and nondeterministic algorithms, typically using large amounts of training data to predict query modification during sessions. In this article, we explore three alternative methods for detection of session boundaries. All three methods are computationally straightforward and therefore easily implemented for detection of session changes. We examine 2,465,145 interactions from 534,507 users of Dogpile.com on May 6, 2005. We compare session analysis using (a) Internet Protocol address and cookie; (b) Internet Protocol address, cookie, and a temporal limit on intrasession interactions; and (c) Internet Protocol address, cookie, and query reformulation patterns. Overall, our analysis shows that defining sessions by query reformulation along with Internet Protocol address and cookie provides the best measure, resulting in an 82% increase in the count of sessions. Regardless of the method used, the mean session length was fewer than three queries, and the mean session duration was less than 30 min. Searchers most often modified their query by changing query terms (nearly 23% of all query modifications) rather than adding or deleting terms. Implications are that for measuring searching traffic, unique sessions may be a better indicator than the common metric of unique visitors. This research also sheds light on the more complex aspects of Web searching involving query modifications and may lead to advances in searching tools.
Oppression and empowerment: perceptions of violence among urban youth
Authors: Andres‐Hyman Raquel C. , Forrester Alice , Achara‐Abrahams Ijeoma , Lauricella Mary Lou , Rowe Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractYouth violence in the United States has emerged as a major concern for communities, policymakers and community researchers. This paper reports on the efforts of a child mental health clinic to build a community consensus around addressing violence that affects youth and all members of the community. We describe and give case examples regarding our approach to acquiring the perspectives of the community, particularly that of youth, discuss key themes and implications that emerged from our work, and offer preliminary recommendations for designing a youth violence prevention initiative in a disenfranchised community. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the brand image on new products: the facilitative effect of happy mood states
Authors: Greifeneder Rainer , Bless Herbert , Kuschmann Thorsten 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Investigates the influence of mood and brand favorability on the evaluation of brand extensions. It is argued that affective states have an impact on the likelihood that the evaluation of a new product is based on the implications of the brand rather than on the implications of the features of the new product. Specifically, participants reported more positive evaluations of a new product when it was introduced by a positive rather than a negative brand – and this differential impact of category information was more pronounced for participants in a positive compared to a neutral or a negative mood.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.