bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entreprises et intelligence artificielle : quels apports, quels risques ?
Authors: Quéméner Myriam 
Published: March 2024

Apparue dans les années 50, l’intelligence artificielle (IA) revient en force et offre des perspectives dans tous les secteurs des activités économiques. Elle se nourrit désormais d’une masse considérable de données ou big data qui constituent la richesse des entreprises. L’intelligence artificielle n’est plus réservée aux services marketing pour définir les tendances de leur marché ou mieux cibler leurs clients, ces applications se diversifient, allant de la finance au domaine de la santé jusqu’au renforcement de la sécurité des entreprises. L’intelligence artificielle est cependant, comme le numérique, à double tranchant ; en instaurant une surveillance de masse, elle comporte des risques de dérives et crée des atouts pour les cyberdélinquants. C’est pourquoi progressivement se fait jour une règlementation destinée à préserver le rôle de l’homme face aux machines rendues intelligentes grâce à l’IA. Myriam Quéméner, avocat général à la cour d’appel de Paris et docteur en droit, est actuellement chargée des procédures économiques et financières à la chambre de l’instruction. Elle réalise la veille juridique en matière de droit du numérique et de cybersécurite pour le parquet général. Elle vient de publier “Le droit face à la disruption numérique” aux éditions lnextenso. L’auteur nous parle aujourd’hui des liens entre entreprises et intelligence artificielle et de la législation qui apparaît pour les réglementer.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND REPORT WRITING FOR BUILDING SCIENTISTS
Authors: Russell Katie C. , Jeter Sheldon , MacDougall Colin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Communication Skills and Report Writing for Building Scientists addresses the primary questions of inexperienced technical writers: “How should my report be written?” and “How do I present my work in style, format, data presentation and illustration program?” An undergraduate research report is given as an example of good report writing and key elements of the report are highlighted for student learning. This concise handbook also covers writing to land a job or applying to graduate school, and a step-by-step guide is provided on how to successfully navigate the job search or graduate school application process. Several sample resumes are provided as well as effective means to communicate with prospective employers or graduate programs of interest. The last section of this guide covers writing on the job and speaks to the kinds of tasks students face when they make the transition from classroom reporting to workplace communication, where problems are often open-ended and audiences cannot be assumed to be building science professionals. Instruction is also given to students on how to use the library as a research tool and how to master various virtual communication platforms: Zoom, Microsoft Teams and LinkedIn.
L’autobiographie de Maro Nazarbekian : trajectoire et autoperception dans l’autobiographie communiste
Authors: Papikyan Hayarpi 
Published: March 2024

Au Caucase comme dans le reste de l’Empire soviétique, l’autobiographie communiste d’institution devient le rite de passage initiatique pour l’admission au Parti communiste d’Arménie après la victoire des bolcheviks en 1921. L’autobiographie que Maro Nazarbekian (1864-1941) soumet au Comité du Parti communiste du Caucase du Sud en janvier 1925 et les deux brouillons du même texte trouvés dans le fonds de Maro Nazarbekian aux Archives nationales d’Arménie offrent un regard intéressant sur cette procédure institutionnelle. Cofondatrice du Parti social-démocrate hentchak (1887), Maro Nazarbekian présente sa candidature à l’adhésion au Parti bolchevik lorsque l’existence de son parti est déclarée illégale dans l’espace soviétique. Cet article essaye de saisir la construction identitaire et l’élaboration stratégique que cette révolutionnaire de la première heure entreprend dans son récit autobiographique d’institution. L’article s’appuie aussi sur d’autres documents du fonds de Maro Nazarbekian, la presse du parti hentchak, des fonds d’archives relatifs à Maro et aux hentchaks pour reconstruire son parcours révolutionnaire et le contexte historique dans lequel son récit autobiographique est produit.
Icariin ameliorates viral myocarditis by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Luo Wei , Lu Yi , Deng Jun-Hua , Liu Peng , Huang Yan , Liu Wan-Xi , Huang Chun-Li 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To explore the mechanism by which icariin alleviates viral myocarditis.

Methods:
CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes were used as an in vitro model of viral myocarditis to assess the effects of icariin treatment on cell viability, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of icariin on ferroptosis and TLR4 signaling were assessed. After AC16 cells were transfected with TLR4 overexpression plasmids, the role of TLR4 in mediating the regulatory effect of icariin in viral myocarditis was investigated.

Results:
Icariin significantly elevated cell viability and reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. Flow cytometry revealed that icariin decreased apoptosis rate, and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and 9 in CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes. Additionally, it suppressed ferroptosis including lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion, as well as the TLR4 signaling. However, TLR4 overexpression abrogated the modulatory effects of icariin.

Conclusions:
Icariin mitigates CVB3-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis. Further animal study is needed to verify its efficacy.
Identifying and Prioritizing the Indicators Influencing the Performance of the Permit-to-work System Using Hybrid Fuzzy Delphi Method - Improve Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods: An Exploratory Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mahdi , Yazdanirad Saeid , Zakerian Seyed Abolfazl , Karimi Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study aimed to identify and prioritize the main indicators that influence the performance of the permit-to-work (PTW) using hybrid fuzzy Delphi-improve analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) methods.

Materials and Methods:
By the fuzzy Delphi method, indicators that affect PTW are classified into seven main groups and 41 subindicators based on experts’ opinions; in the final stage, indicators and subindicators were weighted and prioritized using the IAHP methods.

Results:
The results of the IAHP method showed that accountability (0.178), preventive measures and risk avoidance (0.165), and training and qualification (0.141) are the most important ingredients also; the results revealed that identification of work-related hazards (0.221), preformation of gas test (0.173), signature of responsible person for safety (0.232), the record of the work steps (0.213), period of permit validity (0.153), and period of training courses (0.351) had most important among the subindicators.

Conclusion:
The results of this study can be used as a practical guide to plan the implementation of corrective measures for improving the performance of the PTW system and conduct an audit to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the PTW system in process industries.
The Role of Protocol Allograft Biopsies in Postrenal Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shukla Shubham , Naik Sachin , Niranjan A. V. , Rathi Manish 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease, offering improved outcomes compared to dialysis. However, factors such as immunological rejection, drug toxicity, and infections limit its success. Incorporating protocol biopsies (PBs) into standard care for kidney transplant recipients varies widely. This study aims to review the literature on the practice, histopathological findings, and benefits of performing PB on allograft function.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and other databases from 2000 to 2023. Studies describing findings of PBs within 2 years posttransplant were included. Data extraction covered study design, immunosuppression, biopsy timing, incidence of subclinical rejection (SCR), clinical rejection, and allograft function measures. Statistical analysis was performed using R and RevMan software.

Results:
Among 25 studies (3384 patients) included, 8 were randomized controlled studies. Protocol biopsy timing varied, with the highest number performed at 1 year (44.84%). The pooled incidence of SCR was 13%, with heterogeneity across estimates. Subgroup analysis did not reveal significant differences in SCR rates between high- and low-immunologic risk patients. Patients who underwent PBs had lower clinical rejection rates (12.64% vs. 20.17%) and better allograft function. Incidence of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity ranged from 1.2% to 63.4%, and BK virus nephropathy ranged from 0% to 5.9% in included studies.

Conclusion:
Performing PB at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years posttransplant can reveal SCR and potentially improve long-term graft outcomes. Treatment of SCR may reduce clinical rejection episodes. However, further research, particularly comparing PB with noninvasive methods, is needed to better understand their efficacy and complications in the modern transplant landscape.
The Spectrum of Ocular Manifestations among Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jain Apoorva , Sen Snigdha , Bhadauria Dharmendra Singh , Jain Anu , Imchen Merensoba T. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The study aims to report various ocular manifestations among renal transplant recipients.

Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted on renal transplant patients, with at least 4 months of posttransplant duration, attending a nephrology clinic. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed to record various ocular manifestations. The statistical association between ocular findings and pretransplant as well as posttransplant duration was assessed.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-three eyes of 62 patients, with a mean age of 37.6 ± 8.2 years and functional graft, were included in the study. Diabetic nephropathy was found to be the most common underlying cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal transplant. Hypertensive retinopathy (37.4%) was found to be the most frequent ophthalmic manifestation, followed by diabetic retinopathy (24.39%), dry eye (22.76%), cataract (18.69%), and change in refractive error (17.89%). The occurrence of hypertensive retinopathy and refractive power change was found to be significantly associated with pretransplant dialysis duration. In contrast, concerning the posttransplant period, the frequency of all the major ocular manifestations, except the dry eye, was observed to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Patients with ESRD and renal transplant should be advised to undergo regular comprehensive eye examinations. Many ocular manifestations are preventable and/or treatable, thus interdisciplinary partnership between nephrologists and ophthalmologists is warranted to improve vision and quality of life in transplant recipients.
A Descriptive Study on the Morphometric Aspects of the Articular Facets for the Talus in the Human Calcanei
Authors: Bhandare Vrushali Sachin , Methepatil Supriya Sarjerao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Subtalar joints stability is greatly dependent on the facets on the calcaneus for talus articulation. Understanding the various variances in these features will help clinicians develop a more effective and individualized strategy that will yield the greatest outcomes. Our study aimed to examine the morphometry and morphology of the articular facets for the talus on the calcanei in humans.

Methodology:
In the present descriptive study, an analysis was conducted on 300 calcanei, dry bones of human adults of undetermined sex and age. The facet on every calcaneus for articulation with the talus was studied meticulously. Statistical analysis was done to determine the percentage and P value.

Results:
In the present study out of 300 calcanei studied, type IB with a nonconstricted articular facet pattern was found in 49.67% of calcanei, followed by type I A with a constricted articular facet present in 27% of calcanei. This was followed by type IIA in 14% of calcanei, type IIB in 5.67% of calcanei, type II C was found in only 0.67% of calcanei, type III was found in 2.33% of calcanei, and Types IV and V were found in 0.33%.

Conclusion:
This research elucidates the interrelationship among the articular facets of the talus and its clinical implications. Identifying distinct facet types is crucial for implementing suitable interventions to prevent injuries and ensure optimal joint function. Understanding the morphometric characteristics of these facets will undoubtedly aid orthopedic surgeons in managing disorders of the ankle and subtalar joints effectively.
An Observational Study on Factors Causing Variable Response to Therapeutic Doses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Quazi Zuber Ali , Sardana Vijay , Maheshwari Dilip , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: March 2024

Context:
Immune-mediated neuropathies, notably Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and its subtypes, exhibit diverse clinical presentations. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a standard treatment for these conditions, but the variable clinical course complicates outcome prediction. Despite standard IVIG dosing, some patients continue to deteriorate.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the factors responsible for variable response to therapeutic doses of immunoglobulins in acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective, observational study.

Materials and Methods:
Acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy cases within 14 days of symptom onset and receiving IVIG were recruited. Hughes disability score (HDS), modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS), and modified Rankin score (mRS) were assessed before IVIG, immediately after IVIG, and 4 weeks thereafter.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Categorical variables are expressed as percentages, and continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Relationships between parameters were assessed using analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance. Correlations were measured using Pearson’s correlation, and proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
Among 60 GBS patients, the median age was 38 years, with upper respiratory tract infection as the most common antecedent infection (60%). The most common variant was pure motor type, while demyelinating (88.33%) was the most common electrophysiological subtype. Outcome correlated with post-IVIG scores of HDS and mRS. Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between onset-to-treatment duration and HDS and mEGOS scores after 4 weeks of IVIG, while mRS showed minimal correlation. No significant correlations were found between antecedent infection, gender, nerve conduction study pattern, GBS variant, and scores of HDS, mEGOS, and mRS.

Conclusions:
The study highlights the significance of onset-to-treatment duration. Factors with unfavorable course were age, delay in receiving IVIG, respiratory involvement, dysautonomia, cranial nerve involvement, and those with higher mEGOS scores at the 7th day of admission. Seasonal trends should not be overlooked. Serial evaluation of disability scores can predict the varying response to IVIG.
The Role of Androgen Receptors in Mediation of Nandrolone Effects on Spatial Memory and Neuronal Response of Pyramidal Neurons in the Hippocampal CA1 Area
Authors: Rezakhani Leila , Zarei Fatemeh , Khazaei Mozafar , Moradpour Farshad , Salimi Zahra 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Previously we have reported that intracerebroventricular microinjection of nandrolone decanoate (ND) improves spatial memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, but the underlying mechanism has not been clearly evaluated. The aim of this study was evaluated the role of androgen receptors (ARs) in the mediation of ND effects on spatial memory and neuronal response of pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area.

Materials and Methods:
In the current study, the rats were divided into four groups: the control group received DMSO, while other experimental groups received ND (60 μg/2.5 μL), nilutamide (5 μg/2.5 μL), and co-administration of nilutamide (5 μg/2.5 μL) + ND (60 μg/2.5 μL) for 4 days. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated through the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Moreover, we test the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal plasticity by in vitro field potential recordings. In electrophysiological investigations, the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and population spikes were recorded from the hippocampal slices taken from different groups.

Results:
At the behavioral level, our studies exhibited that escape latency and traveled distance in ND-treated rats significantly decreased during the MWM test’s training period, whereas administration of nilutamide before ND had no significant effect on escape latency and traveled distance in the MWM task. Furthermore, the results of field potential recording showed that the magnitude of fEPSP-long-term potentiation (LTP) of the ND-treated group was higher than the control group, while preadministration of nilutamide abolished the ND improvement effect on the magnitude of fEPSP-LTP.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the administration of ND induces improvement in spatial memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity through activation of central ARs.
Visual outcome of methanol toxic optic neuropathy after erythropoietin treatment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrobaian Malek , Alkhuraiji Arwa , Almohanna Rema , Alshehri Mohammed , Alyahya Bader 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the visual response of methanol-induced optic neuropathy to management with erythropoietin (EPO) along with conventional therapy.

METHODS:
This retrospective case series examines the ophthalmological data of patients diagnosed with methanol-induced optic neuropathy between 2020 and 2021 at two centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients’ characteristics and the results of initial and final ophthalmological examinations were documented and compared between patients who received EPO in addition to conventional management and those who received only conventional management.

RESULTS:
A total of nine cases were reviewed, of which eight (88.9%) were males and one was female (11.1%). The mean age was 37.7 years. At presentation, funduscopic examination revealed optic disc edema in four eyes (two patients), and 14 eyes had normal appearance (seven patients). Among the nine patients who received conventional management, 5 (55.6%) additionally received intravenous EPO during the treatment course. There was no clinically or statistically significant difference in terms of visual outcome between the two groups. The mean visual acuity at the final presentation was 1.32 ± 0.79 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) in the EPO group and 1.36 ± 0.85 LogMAR in the non-EPO group. Optical coherence tomography indicated that the EPO group had an average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of 48.13μm (±6.2), at the final assessment.

CONCLUSION:
Managing the visual impairments in individuals with methanol-induced optic neuropathy using intravenous EPO resulted in similar final visual outcomes compared to conventional management.
Assessment of refractive outcomes in eyes that underwent intraocular lens implantation in the posterior chamber but not “in-the-capsular bag:” A comparative retrospective study
Authors: Bin Helayel Halah , Balbaid Nasser T. , Fairaq Rafah , Bin Dakhil Turki A. , Al-Blowi Mohammed , Al-Swailem Samar A. , Khandekar Rajiv , AlMutlak Mohammed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to report visual and refractive outcomes in eyes that underwent intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in the absence of capsular support.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective chart review of cases undergoing posterior chamber iris-fixated IOL (IFIOL) and scleral-fixated IOL (SFIOL) implants from June 2014 to March 2020 with more than 3 months of follow-up and having a preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and more.

RESULTS:
Records of 120 eyes of 112 patients were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 46.9 ± 22.3 (14.4–98.0) years, and 62% (n = 70) of participants were male. Most of the eyes (102: 85%) were aphakic at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 22.95 ± 17.1 months. The efficacy index of sutured IFIOL and glued SFIOL outperformed sutured SFIOL at 3 months and final visits postoperatively (P < 0.001). All techniques studied here resulted in a similar safety index at 3 months (P = 0.4). The mean predictive error (postoperative spherical equivalent refraction minus intended target refraction) was +0.07 ± 1.5 D and −0.12 ± 1.4 D at 3 months and the final postoperative visit, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The studied techniques have relatively good visual and refractive outcomes in this series. In addition, techniques involving a small corneal incision with foldable IOL fixation to the iris or scleral tissue have superior efficacy and safety indices compared to creating large corneoscleral wounds for rigid IOL fixation techniques.
Comparative assessment of the corneal endothelium following phacoemulsification surgery in patients with type II diabetes and nondiabetes
Authors: Akansha  , Yadav Ramyash S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose is to assess the corneal endothelial changes after phacoemulsification surgery in diabetic patients and compare with those of nondiabetic subjects.

METHODS:
The study compared the corneal endothelial changes in diabetics and nondiabetics after phacoemulsification surgery. The study population included 40 patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control and 40 nondiabetic patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and percentage of hexagonality percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively (at 4 and 12 weeks) using a specular microscope.

RESULTS:
Mean ECD loss (%) was measured as 9.85% and 8.41% at 4 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively in the diabetic group while ECD loss percentage was 7.09% and 5.74% in the control group at the same time intervals, respectively. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted on comparing mean ECD measurements between the two groups at the postsurgical visits (4 weeks and 12 weeks). While the CCT was found to be similar in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, increase was observed in the values of (%CV in both the groups at postoperative 4 weeks’ and 12 weeks’ follow-up. The values of both %CV and percentage hexagonality showed statistically significant differences between the diabetic and nondiabetic group before surgery and at 4 weeks’ and 12 weeks’ postoperative examinations.

CONCLUSION:
The patients with diabetes suffered greater endothelial damage despite good glycemic control as compared to nondiabetic patients which indicates the necessity of far more care to protect cornea endothelium in patients with diabetes.