bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we agree about when patients are psychotic?
Authors: Nielsen J. , Mogensen B. , Martiny K. , Stage K. B. , Larsen J. K. , Lindhardt A. , Bertelsen A. 
Published: August 2008

Objective:  To investigate into the use of the term ‘psychotic’ as defined by ICD‐10 or by the concept of impaired reality testing, among psychiatric staff members.Method:  Questionnaire investigation using 11 short case vignettes.Results:  Responses were received from 266 psychiatric staff members: psychiatrists, nursing staff and psychologists. When using ICD‐10, patients were identified as psychotic with a sensitivity ranging from 90% to 55%. Specificity ranged from 60% to 75%. According to the concept of impaired reality testing, all three groups showed a sensitivity of about 60%, whereas specificity ranged from 65% to 50%. The combined use of the terms correlated significantly with responses regarding indication for legal detention for psychiatrists and nursing staff.Conclusion:  In identifying a patient as ‘psychotic’ a broad concept of impaired reality testing was widely used particularly in cases with legal issues. Psychotic symptoms, however, were identified with high sensitivity and specificity.
Spoilt for Choice—Is Organic Milk Really any Different?
Authors: Butler Gillian 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Many of us buy organic milk and other produce simply through a gut feeling that “it is better for you” We base our feeling on little more than prejudice. But it is a widespread prejudice: demand for organic milk grew by 40 million litres last year. Are there any grounds for that prejudice? And what does “better for you” mean? Gillian Butler has the evidence.
Marital Disruption and Economic Wellbeing
Authors: Aassve Arnstein , Betti Gianni , Mazzuco Stefano , Mencarini Letizia 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Divorce is always traumatic; but where are the divorced least badly off? Arnstein Aassve, Gianni Betti, Stefano Mazzuco and Letizia Mencarini look across Europe to see who suffers most.
Consumer Vulnerability and Credit Card Knowledge Among Developmentally Disabled Citizens
Authors: MANSFIELD PHYLIS M. , PINTO MARY BETH 
Published: August 2008

This study represents an exploratory investigation of credit card knowledge among one vulnerable consumer segment—the developmentally disabled. The results suggest that many of the individuals did not understand the complexity of credit card products and were not able to make reasoned assessments of financial concepts and credit terms. A little knowledge (learning) is a dangerous thing.     —Alexander Pope, 1709
Clinical evaluation of cessation of hyperopia in 123 children with accommodative esotropia treated with glasses for best corrected vision
Authors: Cho Yoonae A. , Yi Sungtae , Kim Seong‐Woo 
Published: August 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to determine age at successful cessation of hyperopic glasses, the influence of hyperopia on the esotropic angle and age at discontinuation of glasses in accommodative esotropia (AE) patients.Methods:  We performed a retrospective study in 123 AE patients who achieved complete emmetropization and maintained orthophoria without hyperopic glasses between March 1999 and February 2005. All patients had been prescribed the weakest possible glasses to provide best corrected vision and maintain fusion in hyperopia.Results:  Pure AE was found in 64 patients and partial AE in 59. At the initial visit, 56.1% of patients had refractive errors of 3.00−5.00 D (mean cycloplegic spherical equivalent [SE]). The angle of esotropia without correction was 30.90 ± 14.80 prism dioptres (PD) (mean ± standard deviation) in pure AE, and 42.70 ± 15.19 PD in partial AE (p = 0.000). The non‐accommodative component in partial AE was 24.07 ± 14.90 PD. The mean age at cessation of glasses use was 13.50 ± 3.81 years. Stereopsis was noted in 70.2% of patients at the initial visit and 96.4% at the last visit. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were 0.480 between the degree of hyperopia and amount of optically corrected esotropia (p = 0.000), and 0.434 between the degree of hyperopia and age at successful cessation of corrective glasses use (p = 0.000).Conclusions:  The mean age at resolution of hyperopia with good stereopsis was 13.5 years. The degree of hyperopia seemed to correlate with the angle of esotropia and the age of successful cessation of corrective glasses.
Neutralizing Antibodies against Human Papillomavirus Types 16, 18, 31, 52, and 58 in Serum Samples from Women in Japan with Low-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Ochi Hiroyuki , Kondo Kazunari , Matsumoto Koji , Oki Akinori , Yasugi Toshiharu , Furuta Reiko , Hirai Yasuo , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Kanda Tadahito 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT
We have very limited information on serum neutralizing antibody in women naturally infected with the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) that are causally associated with cervical cancer. In this study, serum samples collected from 217 Japanese women with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were examined for their neutralizing activities against HPV16, -18, -31, -52, and -58 pseudovirions. Eighty-four patients (39%), 35 patients (16%), 17 patients (8%), and 1 patient were positive for neutralizing antibodies against one, two, three, and four of these types, respectively. Presence of neutralizing antibody did not always correlate with detection of HPV DNA in cervical swabs collected at the time of blood collection. The neutralizing titers of the majority of sera, ranging between 40 and 640, were found to be conserved in the second sera, collected 24 months later, independently of emergence of HPV DNA in the second cervical swabs. The data strongly suggest that HPV infection induces anti-HPV neutralizing antibody at low levels, which are maintained for a long period of time.
Herpes Simplex Virus gE/gI and US9 Proteins Promote Transport of both Capsids and Virion Glycoproteins in Neuronal Axons
Authors: Snyder Aleksandra , Polcicova Katarina , Johnson David C. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT

Following reactivation from latency, alphaherpesviruses replicate in sensory neurons and assemble capsids that are transported in the anterograde direction toward axon termini for spread to epithelial tissues. Two models currently describe this transport. The Separate model suggests that capsids are transported in axons independently from viral envelope glycoproteins. The Married model holds that fully assembled enveloped virions are transported in axons. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) membrane glycoprotein heterodimer gE/gI and the US9 protein are important for virus anterograde spread in the nervous systems of animal models. It was not clear whether gE/gI and US9 contribute to the axonal transport of HSV capsids, the transport of membrane proteins, or both. Here, we report that the efficient axonal transport of HSV requires both gE/gI and US9. The transport of both capsids and glycoproteins was dramatically reduced, especially in more distal regions of axons, with gE
−
, gI
−
, and US9-null mutants. An HSV mutant lacking just the gE cytoplasmic (CT) domain displayed an intermediate reduction in capsid and glycoprotein transport. We concluded that HSV gE/gI and US9 promote the separate transport of both capsids and glycoproteins. gE/gI was transported in association with other HSV glycoproteins, gB and gD, but not with capsids. In contrast, US9 colocalized with capsids and not with membrane glycoproteins. Our observations suggest that gE/gI and US9 function in the neuron cell body to promote the loading of capsids and glycoprotein-containing vesicles onto microtubule motors that ferry HSV structural components toward axon tips.
Late Pleistocene northward-dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation, Gallelli Gravel Pit, Alberta, Canada, and the fate of Bison occidentalis
Authors: Wilson Michael C. , Hills Leonard V. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: August 2008

Late Pleistocene bison skeletal remains from the Gallelli Gravel Pit in the Bighill Creek Formation at Calgary, Alberta, document at least two individuals, including the largest postglacial bison reported from North America south of Beringia. Two partial crania, dated to 11 290 and 10 10014C years BP, are referred to the southern species Bison antiquus Leidy, indicating northward movement from the midcontinent as ice retreat opened a corridor between Laurentide and Cordilleran ice. Their large size suggests a dispersal phenotype exploiting newly available territory. DNA evidence links the 11 290-year-old bison to Clade 1, which includes modern B. bison . This supports in situ evolution of B. bison from B. antiquus through the intermediate usually called B.“occidentalis” . Bison of B. “occidentalis” character appeared in Alberta about 10 ka BP, and the DNA evidence counters the suggestion of a migratory wave from Beringia. The B. occidentalis type specimen is from Alaska, so this name may be inappropriate for southern populations. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the Bighill Creek Formation paleofauna comprises two faunules separated in time by the Younger Dryas climatic episode.
GATA4 and GATA5 are essential for heart and liver development in Xenopusembryos
Authors: Haworth Kim E , Kotecha Surendra , Mohun Timothy J , Latinkic Branko V 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
GATA factors 4/5/6 have been implicated in the development of the heart and endodermal derivatives in vertebrates. Work in zebrafish has indicated that GATA5 is required for normal development earlier than GATA4/6. However, the GATA5 knockout mouse has no apparent embryonic phenotype, thereby questioning the importance of the gene for vertebrate development.

Results
In this study we show that in Xenopus embryos GATA5 is essential for early development of heart and liver precursors. In addition, we have found that in Xenopus embryos GATA4 is important for development of heart and liver primordia following their specification, and that in this role it might interact with GATA6.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that GATA5 acts earlier than GATA4 to regulate development of heart and liver precursors, and indicate that one early direct target of GATA5 is homeobox gene Hex.
Comparative analysis of function and interaction of transcription factors in nematodes: Extensive conservation of orthology coupled to rapid sequence evolution
Authors: Haerty Wilfried , Artieri Carlo , Khezri Navid , Singh Rama S , Gupta Bhagwati P 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundMuch of the morphological diversity in eukaryotes results from differential regulation of gene expression in which transcription factors (TFs) play a central role. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansis an established model organism for the study of the roles of TFs in controlling the spatiotemporal pattern of gene expression. Using the fully sequenced genomes of threeCaenorhabditidnematode species as well as genome information from additional more distantly related organisms (fruit fly, mouse, and human) we sought to identify orthologous TFs and characterized their patterns of evolution.ResultsWe identified 988 TF genes inC. elegans, and inferred corresponding sets inC. briggsaeandC. remanei, containing 995 and 1093 TF genes, respectively. Analysis of the three gene sets revealed 652 3-way reciprocal 'best hit' orthologs (nematode TF set), approximately half of which are zinc finger (ZF-C2H2 and ZF-C4/NHR types) and HOX family members. Examination of the TF genes inC. elegansandC. briggsaeidentified the presence of significant tandem clustering on chromosome V, the majority of which belong to ZF-C4/NHR family. We also found evidence for lineage-specific duplications and rapid evolution of many of the TF genes in the two species. A search of the TFs conserved among nematodes inDrosophila melanogaster,Mus musculusandHomo sapiensrevealed 150 reciprocal orthologs, many of which are associated with important biological processes and human diseases. Finally, a comparison of the sequence, gene interactions and function indicates that nematode TFs conserved across phyla exhibit significantly more interactions and are enriched in genes with annotated mutant phenotypes compared to those that lack orthologs in other species.ConclusionOur study represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of TFs across three nematode species and other organisms. The findings indicate substantial conservation of transcription factors even across distant evolutionary lineages and form the basis for future experiments to examine TF gene function in nematodes and other divergent phyla.
Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera M Devika B , Hemingway Janet , Karunaratne SHP Parakrama 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
The current status of insecticide resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms were studied in the major vector of malaria, Anopheles culicifacies, and the secondary vector, Anopheles subpictus in five districts (Anuradhapura, Kurunegala, Moneragala, Puttalam and Trincomalee) of Sri Lanka. Eight other anophelines, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles jamesii, Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles tessellatus, Anopheles vagus and Anopheles varuna from Anuradhapura district were also tested.

Methods
Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, λ-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox. The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques.

Results
All the anopheline species had high DDT resistance. All An. culicifacies and An. subpictus populations were resistant to malathion, except An. culicifacies from Kurunegala, where there was no malathion carboxylesterase activity. Kurunegala and Puttalam populations of An. culicifacies were susceptible to fenitrothion. All the An. culicifacies populations were susceptible to carbamates. Both species were susceptible to the discriminating dosages of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin, but had different levels of resistance to other pyrethroids. Of the 8 other anophelines, only An. nigerrimus and An. peditaeniatus were resistant to all the insecticides tested, probably due to their high exposure to the insecticides used in agriculture. An. vagus showed some resistance to permethrin.
Esterases, GSTs and monooxygenases were elevated in both An. culicifacies and An. subpictus. AChE was most sensitive to insecticides in Kurunegala and Trincomalee An. culicifacies populations and highly insensitive in the Trincomalee An. subpictus population.

Conclusion
The complexity of the resistance segregating in these field populations underlines the need for new molecular tools to identify the genomic diversity, differential upregulation and different binding specificities of resistance conferring genes, and the presence of different subspecies with different vectorial capacities.
Novel function of STAT1β in B cells: induction of cell death by a mechanism different from that of STAT1α
Authors: Najjar Imen , Schischmanoff Pierre Olivier , Baran-Marszak Fanny , Deglesne Pierre-Antoine , Youlyouz-Marfak Ibtissam , Pampin Mathieu , Feuillard Jean , Bornkamm Georg W , Chelbi-Alix Mounira K , Fagard Remi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlternate splicing of STAT1 produces two isoforms: α, known as the active form, and β, previously shown to act as a dominant-negative factor. Most studies have dealt with STAT1α, showing its involvement in cell growth control and cell death. To examine the specific function of either isoform in cell death, a naturally STAT1-deficient human B cell line was transfected to express STAT1α or STAT1β. STAT1α, expressed alone, enhanced cell death, potentiated the fludarabine-induced apoptosis, and enhanced the nuclear location, the phosphorylation, and the transcriptional activity of p53. Unexpectedly, STAT1β, expressed alone, induced cell death through a mechanism that was independent of the nuclear function of p53. Indeed, in STAT1β-expressing B cells, p53 was stricktly cytoplasmic where it formed clusters, and there was no induction of the transcriptional activity of p53. These data reveal a novel role of STAT1β in programmed cell death, which is independent of p53.
Interaction between gene variants of the serotonin transporter promoter region (5‐HTTLPR) and catechol O‐methyltransferase (COMT) in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Tadić André , Victor Anja , Başkaya Ömür , von Cube Robert , Hoch Julia , Kouti Ioanna , Anicker Nina J. , Höppner Wolfgang , Lieb Klaus , Dahmen Norbert 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a heterogeneous symptomatology with instability in impulse control, interpersonal relationships and self‐image. BPD patients display repeated self‐injury, chronic suicidal tendencies and emotional dysregulation, mainly dysregulation of negative affect. In its etiology, genetic and environmental factors have been suggested. Recently, an investigation in male healthy volunteers found gene–gene effects of the catechol‐O‐methyl‐transferase (COMT) low‐activity (Met158) and the low‐expression allele of the deletion/insertion (short/long or S/L, respectively) polymorphism in the serotonin transporter‐linked promoter region (5‐HTTLPR) on the central processing of aversive stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to test for association between BPD and the COMT Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the 5‐HTTLPR S/L variant and the interaction of these two gene variants. One hundred sixty one well‐defined Caucasian BPD patients and 156 healthy controls were recruited from central Germany. In BPD patients, the genotype COMT Met158Met was over‐represented compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0085; adjusted P = 0.034). We observed no differences in 5‐HTTLPR genotypes between BPD and controls (P = 0.286). Additionally, the COMT Met158Met genotype was significantly over‐represented in BPD patients carrying at least one 5‐HTTLPR S allele (P = 0.0007; adjusted P = 0.028). Logistic regression analysis confirmed an interaction of the COMT Met158 and the 5‐HTTLPR S allele (P = 0.001). These data suggest an involvement of altered dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic neurotransmission as well as an interactive effect of COMT and 5‐HTTLPR gene variants in the etiology of BPD, and underline the usefulness of analyses of gene–gene effects in diseases of complex inheritance with multiple genes involved. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic and seismic investigations of historic features in the Suchon area, Kongju, Korea
Authors: Oh Jinyong , Abdallatif Tareq , Suh Mancheol 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntegrated geophysical surveys including magnetometer, gradiometer and seismic refraction were performed in the Suchon area, Kongju, Korea, which revealed three locations of buried architectural features. The magnetometer survey identified four main anomalies that were further tested using the gradiometer. Application of the second vertical derivative and the high‐pass filtering techniques to the magnetometer data isolated the deeper sources and enhanced the near‐surface features. Depth was estimated using magnetometer data and seismic refraction analysis. The study identified three promising areas that are strongly recommended for excavation, which can be seen in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the study area. They are strongly linked to shallow historical features, i.e. brick tomb structure, pottery collection and stone‐mound tomb, that were dominant during Baekche rule in Suchon area and therefore are believed to be from the Baekche period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual laboratories in engineering education: The simulation lab and remote lab
Authors: Balamuralithara B. , Woods P. C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractComputing and communication technology has had a significant impact on the engineering education system. This technology has improved online and collaborative learning. Besides that, it improves the students learning experiences. One of the distinguishing elements of engineering education is the laboratory requirement. In this paper, we discuss the current trends and key issues in virtual laboratories‐simulation environment laboratories and remote laboratories via the Internet. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 108–118, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20186
Directable animation of elastic bodies with point‐constraints
Authors: Kondo Ryo , Anjyo Ken 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe propose a simple framework for making elastic body animation with point constraints. In general, a physics‐based approach for constraint animation offers a variety of animations with physically correct realism, which are achieved by solving the equations of motion. However, in the digital animation industry, solving the equations of motion is an indirect path to creating more art‐directed animations that maintain a plausible realism. Our algorithms provide animators a practical way to make elastic body animation with plausible realism, while effectively using point‐constraints to offer directatorial control. The animation examples illustrate that our framework creates a wide variety of point‐constraint animations of elastic objects with greater directability than existing methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential development of body equilibrium among littermates in the newborn rabbit
Authors: Muciño Edith , Bautista Amando , Jiménez Ismael , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , Hudson Robyn 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInterest is growing among psychobiologists and behavioral ecologists in the role of sibling relations in shaping individual development and life histories. In litters of domestic rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus the heaviest pups at birth are more likely to survive the critical first postnatal week, they compete more effectively with littermates for milk and well‐insulated positions in the litter huddle, and are the heaviest at weaning. Here we report that high birth weight pups are also better able to maintain body equilibrium. Testing pups' ability to maintain equilibrium when placed on a 15° ramp for 2 min each day during the first postnatal week, we found that pups showed a continual daily improvement in their ability to maintain balance while moving on the ramp, rarely lost balance by postnatal day 8, and that heavier pups could maintain balance better and earlier than their lighter littermates. Better ability to maintain body equilibrium, however achieved, may help explain heavier pups' advantage in competing for vital resources such as milk and in gaining access to better‐insulated positions in the litter huddle. It also provides further support for the usefulness of birth weight, not only as an absolute measure but also relative to the weight of other littermates, as a predictor of different developmental trajectories, behavioral and physiological, among same‐age siblings in this mammal. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 24–33, 2009