bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic microsatellite markers of freshwater prawn Palaemon paucidens (De Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Palaemonidae)
Authors: SONG KYO‐HONG , JUNG JONGWOO , KIM WON 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci developed from the freshwater prawn Palaemon paucidens. Their genetic characteristics were assessed in 48 individuals selected from six Korean populations. The number of alleles ranged from two to 21, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were between 0.13 and 0.83, and 0.46 and 0.95, respectively. We examined the cross‐specific amplification of each locus in three species of palaemonid prawn and one species of atyid prawn.
Isolation and characterization of 11 microsatellite primers for a temperate reef fish, the California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher)
Authors: POORTVLIET MARLOES , OLSEN JEANINE L. , SELKOE KIMBERLY A. , COYER JAMES A. , BERNARDI GIACOMO 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEleven microsatellites were characterized for Semicossyphus pulcher (California sheephead) using an enrichment protocol. The number of alleles varied from three to 14 for a sample of 40 individuals from two populations. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.311 to 0.891. All loci but one were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. No evidence for linkage disequilibrium was observed. These polymorphic microsatellites will be useful for genetic diversity and connectivity analyses of S. pulcher.
Isolation and characterization of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci for Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: RIGUEIRO C. , ARROYO J. M. , RODRÍGUEZ R. , HAMPE A. , JORDANO P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report the first 16 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers developed for Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae). Markers were tested on all three subspecies as well as on three local populations, including analyses of both leaf and seed endocarps. A total of 87 alleles were found (mean number of alleles per locus was 5.44) for 72 individuals genotyped. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.097 to 0.792 and from 0.093 to 0.794, respectively. The levels of polymorphism and exclusionary power of the developed markers render them applicable for parentage analyses and measurements of seed dispersal through direct comparison of endocarps and adult tree genotypes.
Intron‐spanning primers for the amplification of the nuclear ANT gene in decapod crustaceans
Authors: TESKE PETER R. , BEHEREGARAY LUCIANO B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain reaction primers that amplify the low‐copy nuclear adenine nucleotide transporter gene in decapod crustaceans. These were tested on 35 species from 14 decapod families, and a single polymerase chain reaction product amplified in 32 species. Of 49 sequences generated, only two did not contain an intron, and the longest intron identified was more than 834 nucleotides in length. The amplified fragment is likely to be useful at various taxonomic levels. While the intron is suitable for phylogeographical/population genetic studies and to identify cryptic speciation, the second exon region is sufficiently long to provide signal at both the phylogeographical and phylogenetic levels.
Religion and Voting: A Study of the 1968 Canadian Federal Election in Ontario
Authors: Mcdonald Lynn 
Published: January 2009

On a cherchC A ddceler le genre de liaisons qui existaient entre certaines dimensions de la ferveur religieuse et les prdfdrences dans le vote a l'aide de donndes recueillies sur questionnaire dam la Province de l'Ontario au moment de 1'Clection fCdCrale canadienne de 1968. Les dimensions de la ferveur religieuse sont les suivantes: engagement social dans la communautd religieuse, orthodoxie doctrinale, I'intensitC de la pratique religieuse, les attitudes vis‐his les autres groupes religieux et la question des Ccoles dpardes, et l'affiliation religieuse des candidats. Les mesures de l'engagement social sont trks dtroitement reliees A celles des preferences dans le vote tandis que la religion des interrogks ne produit aucun resultat tangible. La liaison entre la religion et le vote est de meme nature et intensite tant au niveau provincial que federal.Propositions on the association of a number of dimensions of religiosity with voting preferences were tested by survey data collected in Ontario at the time of the 1968 Canadian federal election. The religiosity variables include: social involvement in the religious community, doctrinal orthodoxy, devotionalism, attitudes to other religious groups and to the separate schools issue, and the religion of the candidates. Measures of social involvement had the strongest association with voting preferences while the religion of the candidate had no significant effect. The association between religion and voting was of the same kind and strength at the provincial level as at the federal.
Clinicopathological Features and Outcome for Dogs with Mast Cell Tumors and Bone Marrow Involvement
Authors: Marconato L. , Bettini G. , Giacoboni C. , Romanelli G. , Cesari A. , Zatelli A. , Zini E. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Mast cell tumors (MCTs) with bone marrow (BM) involvement are poorly documented in dogs and are associated with a poor prognosis. Successful treatment strategies have not been described.Hypothesis:Clinicopathologic findings of affected dogs are not specific. Administration of lomustine or imatinib is beneficial.Animals:Fourteen dogs with MCT and BM involvement.Methods:Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed in each dog on admission and during follow‐up. All dogs received prednisone. Additionally, 8 dogs received lomustine and 3 dogs received imatinib. Imatinib was administered if tumor‐associated tyrosine kinase KIT was aberrant.Results:On admission, 11 dogs had a single cutaneous nodule and 3 dogs had multiple nodules. Involvement of regional lymph nodes, liver, or spleen was observed in each dog. BM infiltration with mast cells (MCs) was observed in all dogs. On CBC, nonregenerative anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia was common. Four dogs had circulating MCs. Increased alkaline phosphatase or alanine transferase activity was observed in 12 and 10 dogs, respectively. Treatment with lomustine induced partial remission in 1 of 8 dogs. Median survival time was 43 days (range, 14–57). Dogs on imatinib experienced complete remission. Two dogs survived for 117 and 159 days, and the third was alive after 75 days. Dogs treated symptomatically did not improve and were euthanized after 1, 14, and 32 days.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:A combination of clinical and laboratory evaluation helps in identifying dogs with MCT and BM infiltration. Administration of lomustine is not helpful in affected dogs. The beneficial effect of imatinib warrants further investigation.
Effects of Norepinephrine and Combined Norepinephrine and Fenoldopam Infusion on Systemic Hemodynamics and Indices of Renal Function in Normotensive Neonatal Foals
Authors: Hollis A.R. , Ousey J.C. , Palmer L. , Stephen J.O. , Stoneham S.J. , Boston R.C. , Corley K.T.T. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Norepinephrine increases arterial blood pressure but may have adverse effects on renal blood flow. Fenoldopam, a dopamine‐1 receptor agonist, increases urine output in normotensive foals. The combination of norepinephrine and fenoldopam may lead to improved renal perfusion compared with an infusion of norepinephrine alone. The combined effects of these drugs have not been reported in the horse.Hypothesis: Norepinephrine will alter the hemodynamic profile of foals without affecting renal function. Addition of fenoldopam will change the renal profile during the infusions without changing the hemodynamic profile.Animals: Five conscious pony foals.Methods: Each foal received norepinephrine (0.3 μg/kg/min), combined norepinephrine (0.3 μg/kg/min) and fenoldopam (0.04 μg/kg/min), and a control dose of saline in a masked, placebo‐controlled study. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (direct), and cardiac output (lithium dilution) were measured, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), stroke volume, cardiac index (CI), and stroke volume index were calculated. Urine output, creatinine clearance, and fractional excretion of electrolytes were measured.Results: Norepinephrine and a combined norepinephrine and fenoldopam infusion increased arterial blood pressure, SVR, urine output, and creatinine clearance and decreased HR and CI compared with saline. The combination resulted in higher HR and lower arterial blood pressure than norepinephrine alone.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Norepinephrine might be useful for hypotensive foals, because in normal foals, this infusion rate increases SVR without negatively affecting renal function (creatinine clearance increased). Fenoldopam does not provide additional benefit to renal function. These findings warrant further investigation.
Investigating TrkA Expression in Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma
Authors: Fan T.M. , Barger A.M. , Sprandel I.T. , Fredrickson R.L. 
Published: January 2009

Background: The tropomyosin‐related kinase A (TrkA) proto‐oncogene encodes for a receptor that binds with high affinity to the neurotrophin ligand, nerve growth factor (NGF). Intracellular signaling mediated by the TrkA/NGF axis orchestrates neuronal cell differentiation, mitogenesis, and survival. Interestingly, TrkA also is expressed by bone forming cells, and its signaling promotes antiapoptotic effects in actively dividing osteoblasts.Hypothesis: In canine immortalized cell lines and naturally occurring tumor samples, osteosarcoma (OSA) cells will express TrkA. In canine OSA cell lines, TrkA signaling will promote cell mitogenesis and survival.Methods: In vitro, TrkA expression in canine OSA cell lines was assessed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry. In vitro, the involvement of TrkA‐mediated signaling for cell mitogenesis and survival were investigated with commercially available assays. In vivo, TrkA expression was evaluated in primary tumors and pulmonary metastases with immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results: In vitro, canine OSA cells expressed TrkA mRNA and protein. Ligation of TrkA with exogenous NGF did not induce mitogenesis. Blockade of TrkA signaling with either a protein kinase inhibitor or NGF‐neutralizing antibody induced apoptosis of canine OSA cell lines. In vivo, the majority (10/15) of canine OSA primary tumors and pulmonary metastases (9/12) expressed TrkA protein.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Canine OSA cells express TrkA, and its signaling protects against apoptosis. Most dogs with spontaneously arising OSA express TrkA within their primary tumors and pulmonary metastatic lesions, warranting further investigations with TrkA antagonists as a novel treatment option for canine OSA.
Plasma Vasopressin Concentrations in Healthy Foals from Birth to 3 Months of Age
Authors: Wong D.M. , Vo D.T. , Alcott C.J. , Peterson A.D. , Brockus C.W. , Hsu W.H. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has received increased attention in equine critical care but there is minimal information of AVP concentration in foals. The clinical usefulness of measuring AVP in ill foals depends on knowledge of age‐related changes in AVP concentrations in healthy foals.Hypothesis:Plasma AVP concentrations will be significantly different when measured from birth to 3 months of age in healthy foals.Animals:Thirteen healthy university‐owned foals.Methods:Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected from healthy foals at birth and 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 84 days of age. Plasma was harvested and plasma AVP concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results:No statistically significant differences were detected in plasma AVP concentrations over the study period. Plasma AVP concentrations over the entire study period was 6.2 ± 2.5 pg/mL.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:There was no age‐related variation in plasma AVP concentrations detected in healthy foals from birth to 3 months of age suggesting that AVP concentrations are similar across foals of these ages.
Glycogen Synthase 1 (GYS1) Mutation in Diverse Breeds with Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
Authors: McCue M.E. , Valberg S.J. , Lucio M. , Mickelson J.R. 
Published: January 2009

Background:A missense mutation in theGYS1gene was recently described in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM).Objectives:The first objective was to determine the prevalence of theGYS1mutation in horses with PSSM from diverse breeds. The second objective was to determine if the prevalence of theGYS1mutation differed between horses diagnosed with PSSM based on grade 1 (typically amylase‐sensitive) or grade 2 (typically amylase‐resistant) polysaccharide.Animals:Eight hundred and thirty‐one PSSM horses from 36 breeds.Procedures:Horses with PSSM diagnosed by histopathology of skeletal muscle biopsy samples were identified from the Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory database. Eight hundred and thirty‐one cases had blood or tissue that was available for DNA isolation; these 831 cases were genotyped for theGYS1mutation by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:The PSSM mutation was identified in horses from 17 different breeds. The prevalence of theGYS1mutation in PSSM horses was high in Draft‐ (87%) and Quarter Horse‐related breeds (72%) and lower in Warmbloods (18%) and other light horse breeds (24%), when diagnosis was based on grade 2 diagnostic criteria. Overall, the PSSM mutation was present in 16% of grade 1 and 70% of grade 2 PSSM horses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:GYS1mutation causes PSSM in diverse breeds and is the predominant form of PSSM in Draft‐ and Quarter Horse‐related breeds. False‐positive diagnosis, as well as the possibility of a second glycogenosis in horses with neuromuscular disease (type 2 PSSM), might explain the absence of theGYS1mutation in horses diagnosed with excessive glycogen accumulation in muscle.
Impact of Telomerase Status on Canine Osteosarcoma Patients
Authors: Kow K. , Thamm D.H. , Terry J. , Grunerud K. , Bailey S.M. , Withrow S.J. , Lana S.E. 
Published: January 2009

Background:We demonstrated previously that canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell lines and samples from clinical patients are predominantly telomerase positive. In contrast, the majority of OSA samples from human patients appear to be telomerase negative, maintaining telomere length by an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. The purpose of the current study was to examine the telomerase status of a large number of OSA samples from dogs and determine if telomerase status can serve as a prognostic factor.Hypothesis:The majority of clinical canine OSA appendicular lesions will be telomerase positive, and telomerase positivity will negatively impact disease outcome.Animals:Sixty‐seven dogs with appendicular OSA presenting to the Colorado State University Animal Cancer Center for treatment.Methods:The Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol was performed on tissue samples from primary canine appendicular OSA to determine the presence of telomerase activity. Telomere restriction fragment (TRF) analysis was utilized to determine telomere length and detect ALT. Outcome data were obtained in a retrospective manner and correlated with telomerase status.Results:Seventy‐three percent of canine OSA samples were telomerase positive. Telomerase status did not have an impact on disease‐free interval or survival time. Nine of 10 telomerase‐negative samples examined were consistent with an ALT phenotype, based on TRF analysis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of canine OSA are telomerase positive, suggesting that telomerase may be a valuable target for canine OSA therapy. Additionally, telomerase status does not appear to be a prognostic factor in canine OSA.
Use of Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy in 28 Dogs with Bladder and Urethral Calculi
Authors: Defarges A. , Dunn M. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) has been used as an alternative to cystotomy in human medicine to remove urinary calculi. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of EHL to remove urinary calculi in dogs.Hypothesis: EHL is an efficient and safe method of treatment of bladder and urethral calculi in dogs.Methods: Dogs presented between January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2007 with lower urinary tract calculi diagnosed by radiographs or ultrasound examination were included in the study. Physical examination, CBC, biochemistry, urinalysis, and urine culture were performed at presentation. EHL and voiding urohydropulsion were performed under general anesthesia. Patients received IV fluids for 12 hours after which they were rechecked by ultrasound examination and discharged with antibiotics and anti‐inflammatory drugs for 5 days. All patients were reevaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after presentation by physical examination, urinalysis, and ultrasonography.Results: Twenty‐eight dogs (19 males, 9 females) presented with bladder or urethral calculi or both underwent lithotripsy. Their median weight was 8.3 kg. Calcium oxalate calculi were present in 22 dogs, struvite in 4, and mixed calculi in 2. Fragmentation was done in the bladder (23 dogs) and in the urethra (12 dogs). Calculus‐free rate was higher for urethral than for bladder calculi in males and higher for bladder calculi in females than in males. No major complications were reported. Twelve dogs relapsed within 6 months.Conclusions: Results of this study support the use of EHL as a minimally invasive treatment for bladder calculi in females and for urethral calculi in male dogs.
Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin in Maternal, Umbilical Cord, and Neonatal Sera
Authors: Muller Anouk E. , Oostvogel Paul M. , DeJongh Joost , Mouton Johan W. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Dörr P. Joep , Danhof Meindert , Voskuyl Rob A. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin were studied in umbilical cord and neonatal sera relative to maternal concentrations in prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus infection. The subjects were 44 pregnant women receiving amoxicillin as 1 or 2 g as an intravenous infusion. To measure the concentrations, blood samples were obtained from the mother, the arterial and venous umbilical cord, and the neonate. The pharmacokinetics were characterized by a five-compartment model by using nonlinear mixed-effects (population) modeling. The population estimates for the clearance, central volume of distribution, and the two peripheral maternal volumes of distribution were 19.7 ± 0.99 liters/h, 6.40 ± 0.61 liters, and 5.88 ± 0.83 liters (mean ± standard error), respectively. The volume of distribution of the venous umbilical cord and the neonatal volume of distribution were 3.40 liters and 11.9 liters, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were used to simulate the concentration-time profiles in maternal, venous umbilical cord, and neonatal sera. The peak concentration in the venous umbilical cord serum was 18% of the maternal peak concentration. It was reached 3.3 min after the maternal peak concentration. The concentration-time profile in neonatal serum was determined by the profile in venous umbilical cord serum, which in turn depended on the profile in maternal serum. Furthermore, the simulated concentrations in maternal, venous umbilical cord, and neonatal sera exceeded the MIC for group B streptococcus for more than 90% of the 4-h dosing interval. In a first approximation, the 2-g infusion to the mother appears to be adequate for the prevention of group B streptococcal disease. However, to investigate the efficacy of the prophylaxis, further studies of the interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics are indicated.
Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin in an Experimental Model of
Escherichia coli
Chorioamnionitis in Rabbits
Authors: Launay Elise , Joram Nicolas , Jacqueline Cédric , Miegeville Anne Francoise , Caillon Jocelyne , Potel Gilles , Roze Jean Christophe , Gras-Le Guen Christèle 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Pregnant rabbits were treated with ciprofloxacin alone or with gentamicin in a model of
Escherichia coli
chorioamnionitis, and the results were compared with those for untreated rabbits. The survival rate increased and the bacteremia decreased significantly in treated fetuses in comparison to controls (
P
= 0.003). Nevertheless, rapid selection of resistant mutants is a major limit to ciprofloxacin applications.
Distinct Mode of Interaction of a Novel Ketolide Antibiotic That Displays Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Kouvela Ekaterini C. , Kalpaxis Dimitrios L. , Wilson Daniel N. , Dinos George P. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Ketolides represent the latest generation of macrolide antibiotics, displaying improved activities against some erythromycin-resistant strains, while maintaining their activity against erythromycin-susceptible ones. In this study, we present a new ketolide, K-1325, that carries an alkyl-aryl side chain at C-13 of the lactone ring. According to our genetic and biochemical studies, K-1325 binds within the nascent polypeptide exit tunnel, at a site previously described as the primary attachment site of all macrolide antibiotics. Compared with telithromycin, K-1325 displays enhanced antimicrobial activity against wild-type
Escherichia coli
strains, as well as against strains bearing the U2609C mutation in 23S rRNA. Chemical protection experiments showed that the alkyl-aryl side chain of K-1325 interacts specifically with helix 35 of 23S rRNA, a fact leading to an increased affinity of U2609C mutant ribosomes for the drug and rationalizing the enhanced effectiveness of this new ketolide.
Polymorphism in the CagA EPIYA Motif Impacts Development of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jones Kathleen R. , Joo Young Min , Jang Sungil , Yoo Yun-Jung , Lee Hak Sung , Chung In-Sik , Olsen Cara H. , Whitmire Jeannette M. , Merrell D. Scott , Cha Jeong-Heon 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
causes diseases ranging from gastritis to peptic ulcer disease to gastric cancer. Geographically, areas with high incidences of
H. pylori
infection often overlap with areas with high incidences of gastric cancer, which remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Strains of
H. pylori
that carry the virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (
cagA
) are much more likely to be associated with the development of gastric cancer. Moreover, particular C-terminal polymorphisms in CagA vary by geography and have been suggested to influence disease development. We conducted a large-scale molecular epidemiologic analysis of South Korean strains and herein report a statistical link between the East Asian CagA EPIYA-ABD genotype and the development of gastric cancer. Characterization of a subset of the Korean isolates showed that all strains from cancer patients expressed and delivered phosphorylatable CagA to host cells, whereas the presence of the
cagA
gene did not strictly correlate to expression and delivery of CagA in all noncancer strains.