bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary excretion of angiotensin I, II, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in patients with anaphylactoid reactions
Authors: HERMANN K. , RITTWEGER R. , RING J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHuman urine samples, purified on octadecasilyl‐silica cartridges, contained immunoreactive angiotensin I, II, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. The daily excretion of these peptides in healthy volunteers was 190.00±38.43 (n=12), 17.48±3.09 (n=12), 63.43±14.84 (n=8) and 13.52±1.42 (n=7) pmol/24 hr, respectively (mean±s.e.m.). Patients with a history of anaphylactoid reactions to drugs or food additives showed clinical symptoms such as urticaria, flush, nausea, dizziness and hypotension after oral provocation with cyanocobalamine, propyphenazone, acetylsalicylic acid and sodium benzoate. In five of the seven patients, angiotensin I and II were increased several fold in the urine fractions after symptoms were reported. The average increase in the urine concentration of both peptides was fourfold and 5.5‐fold. In three out of five patients, the mean excretion of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive material was also elevated by a factor of 5.7 and 4.4, respectively. Oral provocation with a placebo failed to elicit anaphylactoid symptoms or an increase in the urine levels of angiotensin I or angiotensin II. Angiotensin I and angiotensin II‐like immunoreactivity could be characterized on HPLC as Ile5‐angiotensin I, Ile5‐angiotensin II and angiotensin II metabolites. HPLC characterization of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in two different gradient systems showed retention times different than the retention times of the corresponding synthetic standard peptides indicating that both peptides are not authentic AVP and OXT. These results suggest that angiotensin I and angiotensin II may be involved in the clinical events observed during some forms of anaphylactoid reactions.
Increased sensitivity to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in airways previously exposed to low doses of TDI
Authors: ERJEFÄLT I. , PERSSON C. G. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRepeated airway exposures to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) may cause sensitization and asthma. This study has examined the acute inflammatory response to TDI in guinea‐pig tracheobronchial airways, the development of increased sensitivity to TDI and the effects of xanthines and a glucocorticoid on these responses to TDI. A restricted surface area of the tracheobronchial mucosa of Ketalar‐Xylazin anaesthetized guinea‐pigs was exposed to TDI, dissolved in olive oil, by means of 1 min infusions through an oral catheter. The TDI‐induced inflammatory process was quantified by determination of airway luminal entry of plasma. Already 3 nl (∼20 pmol) of TDI produced a significant and sustained exudation response (P < 0.001 to P < 0.01, 5 and 17 hr after exposure). Pretreatment with intravenous enprofylline (25 μmol/kg) reduced (P < 0.05) the acute response measured at 5 hr whereas budesonide (116 μmol/kg intraperitoneally or 26 μmol/kg by tracheal superfusion) was without effect. Two repeated exposures to TDI 3 nl (on days 1 and 8) made the animals hyperresponsive to TDI so that on day 15 a previously subthreshold dose of TDI (0.3 nl) produced significant exudation both at 5 and 17 hr after exposure (P < 0.001 to P < 0.01). Similarly, two repeated dermal exposures to a large dose of TDI (20 μl) lowered the threshold for tracheal provocation with TDI. Budesonide (2.6 μmol/kg orally) given daily during the topical airway ‘sensitization’ regimen (days 1–14) significantly reduced the response to the subsequent 0.3 nl challenge dose of TDI (P < 0.05). The effects of daily treatments with either theophylline (100 μmol/kg) or enprofylline (50 μmol/kg) were not significant. We conclude that two separate airway exposures to a low inflammatory dose of TDI increased about tenfold the airway mucosal sensitivity to this agent. Only the acute inflammatory response was reduced by xanthines. The development of increased responsiveness but not the acute inflammatory response to TDI was reduced by glucocorticoid treatment.
‘Horoscope effect’ not only for seasonal but also for non‐seasonal allergens
Authors: AALBERSE R. C. , NIEUWENHUYS E. J. , HEY M. , STAPEL S. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe report on the relation between the month of birth and the chance of developing an IgE antibody response as found in a study sample of 150000 subjects. Our results confirm that for the three seasonal allergens birch pollen, grass pollen and house dust mite, an increased relative risk was found for subjects born up to 3 months before the main season for that allergen in The Netherlands. For cat and dog allergy an increased relative risk was found from November to January, perhaps reflecting increased exposure to these pets during the winter. Surprisingly, however, also for egg white and cow's milk a clearly increased relative risk was found from November to January and a decreased relative risk in May. These data support the hypothesis of a ‘sensitive’ period in the first months of life during which allergen exposure is more likely to prime for an allergy later in life. The results with the non‐seasonal allergens suggest that another seasonal factor exists which early in life assists (or prevents) priming by allergen.
Purification of human blood basophils using negative selection by flow cytometry
Authors: TANIMOTO Y. , TAKAHASHI K. , TAKATA M. , KAWATA N. , KIMURA I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBasophils were purified from peripheral blood of normal donors using Percoll discontinuous gradients and negative selection by flow cytometry. The mean purity of basophils obtained was 84.77±4.1 (s.d.)% (range 77.3–90.0%, n= 13). The overall yield of these procedures was 16.0±2.6% (range 11.0–19.9%, n= 13), and cell viability of purified basophils exceeded 90%.Properties of highly purified basophils obtained by flow cytometry did not differ from those of partially enriched basophil preparations from Percoll discontinuous gradients in respect of: (i) intracellular histamine content; (ii) percentage of spontaneous histamine release in buffer; and (iii) percentage of histamine release triggered by ionophore A 23187 or anti‐IgE. Moreover, purified basophils responded chemotactically to complement C5a in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings suggest that our procedure for purification of human basophils does not affect the functions of basophils and may be useful for in vitro studies on the role of basophils in hypersensitivity reactions such as bronchial asthma.
Comparative evaluation of RAST and MAST‐CLA for six allergens for the diagnosis of inhalant allergic disease in 232 patients
Authors: SCOLOZZI R. , VICENTINI L. , BOCCAFOGLI A. , CAMERANI A. , PRADELLA R. , CAVALLINI A. , BAGNI B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare a recent multiple allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay (MAST‐CLA) with the RAST for the diagnosis of inhalant allergic disease in 232 patients with rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma. As judged by concordance of clinical history, skin prick tests to a range of six allergens common to our geographic area, and by nasal provocation tests, 70 patients were non‐allergic and 162 allergic: 70 to grasses, 46 to mites, four to mugwort, eight to pellitory, and 34 were sensitive to several allergens. In our patient sample that, among other things, comprises subjects with fairly rare monoallergies, MAST‐CLA testing gave results which closely corresponded to positive RAST for the allergens studied, and demonstrated a close correlation with the diagnosis of inhalant‐specific allergy. Our results showed that, for overall allergens, MAST‐CLA was lightly less sensitive and more specific than RAST (the two in vitro tests gave an identical overall efficiency).
Comparison of allergic responses to dust mites in U.K. bakery workers and Swedish farmers
Authors: TEE R. D. , GORDON D. J. , VAN HAGE‐HAMSTEN M. , GORDON S. , NUNN A. J. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , TAYLOR A. J. NEWMAN 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe IgE RAST response to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and four storage mites (Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Glycyphaghus domesticus, and Acarus siro) was examined in 251 U.K. bakery workers and compared with that previously found in 440 Swedish farmers. Storage mites are found commonly in stored hay and grain so both these groups potentially encounter them in their work. In neither group of workers was a positive RAST (≥0.35 PRU) to D. pteronyssinus correlated with a positive RAST to a single storage mite. As in the Swedish farmers, significant though not strong correlations were found in the U.K. bakers between positive RAST responses to G. domesticus and L. destructor and to T. putrescentiae and L. destructor (P < 0.05).Homologous and heterologous RAST inhibition studies showed there was low cross‐reactivity between storage mites and D. pteronyssinus. L. destructor showed the least inhibition by the other antigens, suggesting it possessed the fewest common allergens.The most important difference in the IgE responses between the two groups was the much higher response to D. pteronyssinus in the U.K. bakers, which was not found in the Swedish farmers whose highest IgE response was to L. destructor.
Haemopoietic growth factors induce human basophil migration in vitro
Authors: YAMAGUCHI M. , HIRAI K. , SHOJI S. , TAKAISHI T. , OHTA K. , MORITA Y. , SUZUKI S. , ITO K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAccumulation of basophils in inflammatory sites is an important aspect of the late‐phase allergic reaction involving skin and upper and lower airways, suggesting the existence of mechanisms for basophil migration. Because haemopoietic growth factors have been shown to stimulate various functions of human basophils, we tested the ability of haemopoietic growth factors to migrate basophils in vitro. Both IL‐3 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) induced migration of purified normal basophils (purity c. 80%) in a dose‐dependent fashion at picomolar concentrations, while granulocyte (G)‐CSF, macrophage (M)‐CSF, and IL‐4 had no effect at all. Chequerboard analyses indicate that migratory activity of both factors are chemokinetic. These results suggest that local production of both factors during allergic reactions might potentially play an initial role in the recruitment of basophils from the circulation to sites of inflammatory reactions.
A retrospective study on the safety of immunotherapy in pregnancy
Authors: SHAIKH W. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEighty‐one Indian patients received immunotherapy for allergic diseases during 109 pregnancies. Their allergy clinic records were analysed retrospectively and this revealed an incidence similar to or less than the general population with regard to abortion, perinatal mortality, prematurity, toxaemia and congenital malformation. A control group of 60 contemporary Indian patients (82 pregnancies) who refused immunotherapy were also analysed retrospectively and this revealed a higher incidence of abortion, prematurity and toxaemia as compared with those treated with immunotherapy. It is concluded that immunotherapy for allergic diseases is safe in pregnancy. Immunotherapy is safe even when it is initiated for the first time in a pregnant patient, an aspect not reported in any study until now.
Atopy in childhood. III. Relationship with pulmonary function and airway responsiveness
Authors: SEARS M. R. , BURROWS B. , HERBISON G. P. , FLANNERY E. M. , HOLDAWAY M. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe relationship between atopy and pulmonary function in children, and how these relate directly or indirectly to airway hyperresponsivcness, is uncertain. We have examined these relationships in a sample of 13‐year‐old children. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, skin‐prick tests to 11 common allergens, spirometry and an abbreviated methacholine challenge test were completed by 662 members (341 boys) of a birth cohort of New Zealand children followed longitudinally to age 13. There was a significant relationship between the presence and degree of atopy, and baseline pulmonary function. Low FEV1/VC ratios were associated with a greater likelihood of airway responsiveness, not only in subjects with diagnosed asthma, but also in the full cohort and in the sub‐group of 426 children who denied asthma or current wheeze. The relationships between baseline FEV1/VC and airway responsiveness were stronger in atopic than in non‐atopic children, with the strongest relationships in children sensitive to house dust mite and/or cat dander. In the presence of atopy, progressively lower levels of lung function were strongly associated with a higher prevalence of airway responsiveness (P < 0.001). In non‐atopic subjects, only those with the most impaired lung function (FEV1/VC <75%) showed any substantive prevalence of airway responsiveness. The relationship between the degree of atopy and the FEV1/VC ratio, although significant in univariate analysis, became completely non‐significant after accounting for airway responsiveness. In 13‐year‐old children, atopy, especially to house dust mite and cat dander, was correlated with pulmonary function expressed as FEV1/VC ratio. Airway responsiveness likewise correlated with impaired baseline lung function. The apparent relationship of lung function to atopy occurred primarily as a result of the relationship between atopy and airway responsiveness. Atopy and impaired lung function were additive factors predicting airway responsiveness.
Effect of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol on serum markers of bone metabolism in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: MARTINATI L. C. , SETTE L. , CHIOCCA E. , ZANINOTTO M. , PLEBANI M. , BONER A. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐nine children with grass pollen hay fever were randomly treated with nasal inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 200 or 400μg‘day or sodium cromoglycate (SCG) 30 ing/day for 2 months during the pollen season. Scrum osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH). total alkaline phosphatase (AP). hone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and type I collagen telopcptide (ICTP) were measured immediately before, I and 2 months after treatment and 1 week after stopping the therapy. No significant changes in OC, PTH, AP, BAP and ICTP serum level occurred within each group. Minor and probably clinically insignificant between group differences were occasionally found. Our study shows that BDP nasal spray has no significant effect on common markers of bone metabolism.
Interleukin‐8 is a chemo‐attractant for eosinophils purified from subjects with a blood eosinophilia but not from normal healthy subjects
Authors: SEHMI R. , CROMWELL O. , WARDLAW A. J. , MOQBEL R. , KAY A. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with potent neutrophil chemotactic activity, was studied for its effect on eosinophil migration responses, in vitro. Normal density eosinophils were isolated from healthy, non‐atopic subjects <0.35 × 109 eosinophils/1) and individuals with various diseases associated with a blood eosinophilia (range 0.56 × 109‐12.2 × 109 eosinophils/1). IL‐8 prod need a dose‐dependent migrational response for eosinophils from subjects with an eosinophilia, optimal at 10−8m (P < 0.01) and the major component of the migrationsl response was chemokinesis. On a molar basis, FL‐8 (EC50∼ 10−10m) was 100‐fold more potent than platelet activating factor (PAF), although a comparison of the migrational responses showed that at optimal concentrations IL‐8 (10−8m) produced only 30% maximal responses stimulated by PAF (10−6m). In contrast, IL‐8 tested over a wide concentration range had a negligible effect on eosinophils from normal subjects. A direct correlation between the total blood eosinophil counts for all subjects and the absolute magnitude of the migrational response to IL‐8 (r= 0.727,P < 0.01 at 10−8m), PAF (r= 0.551, P < 0.03 at 10−6m) and N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) (r= 0.689. P < 0.02 at 10−8m), suggested that heightened eosinophil migrational responses in inflammatory mediators may arise as a consequence of in vitro priming mechanism(s) associated with the development of an eosinophilia. In this regard, eosinophils derived from human cord blood mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of eosinophilopoietic cytokines IL‐3 and IL‐5, produced migrational responses to IL‐8 and PA F. that were comparable with that of eosinophils from eosinophilic subjects. Furthermore, incubation of eosinophils from normal donors with IL‐5 (optimal concentration 10−9m), significantly enhanced the subsequent migrational responses to both IL‐8 (10−8m, P < 0.01)and PAF (10−8mP < 0.05). Therefore, the increased responsiveness of eosinophils from eosinophilic subjects may reflect in vivo priming by IL‐5 and this phenomenon may contribute partly to the mechanism(s) by which eosinophils preferentially accumulate at sites of allergic inflammation.
Sensitization to Chortoglyphus arcuatus and Aleuroglyphus ovatus in Dermatophagoides spp. allergic individuals
Authors: PUERTA L. , FERNÁNDEZ‐CALDAS E. , LOCKEY R. F. , CARABALLO L. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of specific IgE to the storage mites Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Ao) and Chortoglyphus arcuatus (Ca) was studied in 77 individuals with allergic asthma and/or chronic allergic rhinitis. All these individuals had a positive skin test (weal ≥ 3 mm) to extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssimis (Dp) and/or Dermatophagoides farinac (Df). Sera from 29 non‐atopic individuals were used as controls. A RAST was considered positive when a serum bound ≥1% of the total counts added. The prevalence of a positive RAST to Dp was 75.3%, and to at least one of the two storage mites (Ao and Ca), 76.6%. Among patients with a positive RAST to Dp. 79.3% and 75.8% were RAST positive to Ao and Ca, respectively. RAST inhibition studies with a pool of sera from 13 subjects with high RAST binding to all three mites showed significant crossreactivity between Ao and Ca and minimal to moderate crossreactivity between Dp and Ao and Co, This study demonstrates that Sensitization to Ao and Ca is common in individuals with respiratory allergies in Cartagena, Colombia and suggests that Ao, Ca and Dp have unique and common allergenic determinants.
Atopic dermatitis: correlation of peripheral blood T cell activation, eosinophilia and serum factors with clinical severity
Authors: WALKER C. , KäGI M. K. , INGOLD P. , BRAUN P. , BLASER K. , BRUIJNZEEL‐KOOMEN C. A. F. M. , WÜTHRICH B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn the first part of this study peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. Iheir activation slate and various serum parameters were measured in extrinsic and intrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) patients compared to normal individuals. Beside the characteristic eosinophilia, significantly increased numbers of CD4+ T cells with increased expression of IL‐2 receptors (IL‐2R) and HLA‐DR were noted in the AD patients. In addition, extrinsic AD patients showed increased numbers of CD23+ B cells and decreased numbers of CD16+ natural killer cells. Moreover, increased serum levels of eosinophil canonic protein (ECP) and soluble 1L‐2R as well as soluble factors lhat prolong survival of eosinophils in vitro could be demonstrated. In the second section of this study we determine how these blood immunological parameters relate to the clinical severity of the skin lesions of AD, by weekly analysis of 12 AD patients attending a high altitude clinic for 3 to 6 weeks. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of treatment with topical steroids, but during the observation period a significant improvement in clinical status was observed in all AD patients independent of topical steroid therapy. A progressive decrease in eosinophil and activated T cell numbers. soluble IL‐2R levels and serum eosinophil survival prolonging activity could be demonstrated, which closely correlated with the clinical severity of the AD.
Murine mast cells attach to and migrate on laminin‐, fibronectin‐, and matrigel‐coated surfaces in response to FcεRI‐mediated signals
Authors: THOMPSON H. L. , THOMAS L. , METCALFE D. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have examined the possibility that mouse bone marrow‐derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC) have the capacity to attach to and migrate on extracellular matrix components in vitro through the use of time lapse videography. Unactivated mast cells did not display significant interaction with slide flasks coated with either 3% BSA or collagen IV, and FcεRI‐mediated activation of BMCMC did not appreciably increase their attachment and migratory characteristics. Both activated and unactivaled BMCMC adhered to surfaces coated with a synthetic IKVAV laminin polypeptide, but this association resulted in the immobilization of the cells to the substrate. BMCMC did not adhere to surfaces coated with laminin, fibronectin or matrigel until Fcε RI‐mediated activation, after which they displayed rapid, random movement on these surfaces. Cells continually interacted with laminin. fibronectin or matrigcl by flattening, interspaced by periods of movement as rounded cells with small pseudopodia. The mean velocity of BMCMC on laminin, fibronectin or matrigel was similar and averaged approximately 180 μm/hr. The mean velocity of BMCMC on these three substrates was not significantly different from the mean velocity of monocytes on laminin. The movement of BMCMC on these substrates demonstrated a directional tendency. In summary. these results demonstrate that mast cells activated through FcεRI are capable of attachment to and motion on components of extracellular matrix, and demonstrate one mechanism by which mast cells may migrate to areas of inflammation and wound repair.
Bovine β‐lactoglobulin levels in hydrolysed protein formulas for infant feeding
Authors: MÄKINEN‐KILJUNEN S. , SORVA R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA bovine milk protein, β‐lactoglobulin (βLG), was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in seven different infant formulas based on protein hydrolysates from cows' milk whey or casein, and from bovine collagen and soy. βLG levels in the formulas were 1/100 to 1/4800 000 lower than in cows' milk (CM). There was a great difference in the βLG level between the partly and the extensively hydrolysed formulas; the amount of βLG was 40 000‐fold higher in the partial hydrolysates vs the extensively hydrolysed formulas. Residual βLG may have been responsible for the allergic reactions described in some children with cows' milk allergy (CMA) receiving these formulas.
Allergens from Dermatophagoides mites with chymotryptic activity
Authors: YASUEDA H. , MITA H. , AKIYAMA K. , SHIDA T. , ANDO T. , SUGIYAMA S. , YAMAKAWA H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new set of allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae (provisionally named DPS and DF5, respectively) was isolated from the whole culture of mites. The apparent molecular weights of both allergens were shown to be 25000 on SDS‐PAGE under a reducing condition and 27000 on Sephadex G‐75 gel nitration chromatography. Both DP5 and DF5, as well as Der f III, possessed proteolytic activity. The results of substrate specificity and susceptibility to various protease inhibitors of DP5 and DF5 strongly suggested that they belonged to the chymotrypsin‐like serine protease family. In sera from 88 mite‐allergic patients, specific IgE antibodies to DP5 and/or DF5 were detected in only 41% of the sera by radio‐allergosorbent test, while 90% and 93% had specific IgE antibodies to Der p I and/or Der f I and Der p II and/or Der f II, respecti vely.