bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis through linkage analysis of quantitative traits
Authors: Criswell Lindsey A. , Chen Wei V. , Jawaheer Damini , Lum Raymond F. , Wener Mark H. , Gu Xiangjun , Gregersen Peter K. , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo dissect the heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through linkage analysis of quantitative traits, specifically, IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM‐RF) and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) autoantibody titers.MethodsSubjects, 1,002 RA patients from 491 multiplex families recruited by the North American RA Consortium, were typed for 379 microsatellite markers. Anti‐CCP titers were determined based on a second‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and IgM‐RF levels were quantified by immunonephelometry. We used the Merlin statistical package to perform nonparametric quantitative trait linkage analysis.ResultsFor each of the quantitative traits, evidence of linkage, with logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of >1.0, was found in 9 regions. For both traits, the strongest evidence of linkage was for marker D6S1629 on chromosome 6p (LOD 14.02 for anti‐CCP and LOD 12.09 for RF). Six other regions with LOD scores of >1.0 overlapped between the 2 traits, on chromosomes 1p21.1, 5q15, 8p23.1, 16p12.1, 16q23.1, and 18q21.31. Evidence of linkage to anti‐CCP titer but not to RF titer was found in 2 regions (chromosomes 9p21.3 and 10q21.1), and evidence of linkage to RF titer but not to anti‐CCP titer was found in 2 regions (chromosomes 5p15.2 and 1q42.3). Several covariates were significantly associated with 1 or both traits, and linkage analysis exploring the covariate effects revealed striking effects of sex in modulating linkage signals for several chromosomal regions. For example, sex had a striking impact on the linkage results for both quantitative traits on chromosome 6p (P = 0.0007 for anti‐CCP titer and P = 0.0012 for RF titer), suggesting a sex–HLA region interaction.ConclusionAnalysis of quantitative components of RA is a promising approach for dissecting the genetic heterogeneity of this complex disorder. These results highlight the potential importance of sex or other covariates that may modulate some of the genetic effects that influence the risk of specific disease manifestations.
Überwachung und Analyse der Lebensdauer von Tunnelbauwerken
Authors: Bergmeister Konrad , Santa Ulrich , Strauss Alfred 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIm Tunnelbau bildet die Überwachung der signifikanten Einwirkungs‐ und Strukturparameter während der Bauphase und des Betriebs die Basis für die Bewertung des Zustands und der Sicherheit des Bauwerks. Die erfassten Daten stellen des Weiteren die Grundlage zur nummerischen und mechanischen Modellbildung dar, um eine effiziente Entscheidungsfindung und Maßnahmenplanung zu gewährleisten. Die Überwachung beinhaltet die Erfassung und Bewertung der geologischen Gegebenheiten, der induzierten Auswirkungen während des Vortriebs und die kontinuierliche Kontrolle für den weiteren Betrieb und Unterhalt des Bauwerks. Methoden der Bauwerksüberwachung und Diagnose stellen aufgrund der quantitativ erfassten Systemparameter ein wesentliches Element für die Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse dar. Die geeignete Wahl von Kontroll‐ und Messinstrumenten ist jedoch nur einen Teilaspekt der Bauwerksüberwachung. Die Auswertung und Interpretation der erhobenen Daten, die Gegenüberstellung mit den normativen Anforderungen und Grenzwerten, die Anpassung der analytischen Modellannahmen aufgrund des Vergleichs von gemessenen und berechneten Daten zeigen die Komplexität dieses Aufgabengebietes.
Inferior infarction following alcohol septal ablation: A consequence of “collateral damage”?
Authors: Chowdhary Saqib , Galiwango Paul , Woo Anna , Schwartz Leonard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlcohol septal ablation is fast becoming the most common method to reduce left ventricular outflow tract gradient in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is routinely used as an adjunct to avoid the spread of alcohol to non‐target areas of myocardium. We report two cases where despite the careful use of MCE, remote inferior wall myocardial infarctions occurred. The likely mechanism and possible preventive measures are discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The organization of frontoparietal cortex in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri): II. Connectional evidence for a frontal‐posterior parietal network
Authors: Remple Michael S. , Reed Jamie L. , Stepniewska Iwona , Lyon David C. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTree shrews are small squirrel‐like mammals that are the closest living relative to primates available for detailed neurobiological study. In a recent study (Remple et al. [2006] J. Comp. Neurol. 497:133–154), we provided anatomical and electrophysiological evidence that the frontoparietal cortex of tree shrews has two motor fields (M1 and M2) and five somatosensory fields (3a, 3b, S2, somatosensory caudal area [SC], and parietal ventral area [PV]). In the present study, we injected anatomical tracers into M1, M2, 3a, 3b, SC, and posterior parietal cortex to establish the ipsilateral cortical connections of these areas. The results provide evidence for a number of new cortical areas including medial motor and somatosensory areas (MMA and MSA), three posterior parietal areas (PPd, PPv, and PPc), and an area ventral to temporal inferior cortex (TIV). M1 receives topographic projections from M2, MMA, 3a, and PPv, and nontopographic connections from the temporal anterior and dorsal areas (TA and TD), PPc, TIV, and MSA. The connections of M2 are similar to those of M1, except that M2 receives denser projections from TIV, PPc, and dorsal frontal cortex and sparser input from M1. Areas 3a, 3b, and SC receive dense topographic projections from each other, S2, and PV and sparser connections from PPd and PPv. Area 3a receives additional input from posterior parietal and temporal regions and from M1 and MMA. Overall, the frontoparietal connections of tree shrew cortex are most similar to those of prosimian primates and quite different from those of more distant relatives such as rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:121–149, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large deviations for a catalytic Fleming‐Viot branching system
Authors: Grigorescu Ilie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe consider a jump‐diffusion process describing a system of diffusing particles that upon contact with an obstacle (catalyst) die and are replaced by an independent offspring with position chosen according to a weighted average of the remaining particles. The obstacle is a bounded nonnegative function V(x) and the birth/death mechanism is similar to the Fleming‐Viot critical branching. Since the mass is conserved, we prove a hydrodynamic limit for the empirical measure, identified as the solution to a generalized semilinear (reaction‐diffusion) equation, with nonlinearity given by a quadratic operator. A large‐deviation principle from the deterministic hydrodynamic limit is provided. The upper bound is given in any dimension, and the lower bound is proven for d = 1 and V bounded away from 0. An explicit formula for the rate function is provided via an Orlicz‐type space. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antisymmetric Hamiltonians: Variational resolutions for Navier‐Stokes and other nonlinear evolutions
Authors: Ghoussoub Nassif 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe theory of anti‐self‐dual (ASD) Lagrangians, introduced in [6], is developed further to allow for a variational resolution of nonlinear PDEs of the form Λu + Au + ∂φ(u) + f = 0 where φ is a convex lower‐semicontinuous function on a reflexive Banach space X, f ∈ X*, A : D(A) ⊂ X → X* is a positive linear operator, and where Λ : D(λ) ⊂ X → X* is a nonlinear operator that satisfies suitable continuity and antisymmetry properties. ASD Lagrangians on path spaces also yield variational resolutions for nonlinear evolution equations of the form u̇(t) + Λu(t) + Au(t) + ∂φ(u(t)) + f = 0 starting at u(0) = u0. In both stationary and dynamic cases, the equations associated to the proposed variational principles are not derived from the fact that they are critical points of the action functional, but because they are also zeroes of the Lagrangian itself. For that we establish a general nonlinear variational principle that has many applications, in particular to Navier‐Stokes‐type equations, to generalized Choquard‐Pekar Schrödinger equations with nonlocal terms, as well as to complex Ginsburg‐Landau‐type initial‐value problems. The case of Navier‐Stokes evolutions is more involved and will be dealt with in [9]. The general theory of antisymmetric Hamiltonians and its applications is developed in detail in an upcoming monograph (7). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The arcsine law as a universal aging scheme for trap models
Authors: Arous Gérard Ben , Černý Jiří 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe give a general proof of aging for trap models using the arcsine law for stable subordinators. This proof is based on abstract conditions on the potential theory of the underlying graph and on the randomness of the trapping landscape. We apply this proof to aging for trap models on large, two‐dimensional tori and for trap dynamics of the random energy model on a broad range of time scales. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global growth deficiencies in mice lacking the ribosomal protein HIP/RPL29
Authors: Kirn‐Safran Catherine B. , Oristian Daniel S. , Focht Richard J. , Parker Shaila G. , Vivian Jay L. , Carson Daniel D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBecause of their deleterious effects on developing organisms, ribosomal protein (RP) mutations have been poorly described in mammals, and only a few heterozygous mutations have been shown to be viable. This observation is believed to be due to the fact that each RP is an essential component in the assembly of a functional stable ribosome. Here, we created gene targeted mutant mice lacking HIP/RPL29, an RP associated with translationally active ribosomes in eukaryotes. In contrast to other RP mutants, HIP/RPL29 null mice are viable but are up to 50% smaller than their control littermates at weaning age. In null embryos, delayed global growth is first observed around mid‐gestation, and postnatal lethality due to low birth weight results in distortion of the Mendelian ratio. Prenatal growth defects are not fully compensated for during adulthood, and null animals display proportionately smaller organs and stature, and reach sexual maturity considerably later when compared with their control siblings. Additionally, HIP/RPL29 null embryonic fibroblasts have decreased rates of proliferation and protein synthesis and exhibit reduced steady state levels of core RPs. Altogether, our findings provide conclusive genetic evidence that HIP/RPL29 functions as an important regulator of global growth by modulating the rate of protein synthesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:447–460, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the expression patterns of newly identified zebrafish retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors
Authors: Waxman Joshua S. , Yelon Deborah 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) signaling is important for multiple aspects of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Heterodimers of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) transduce RA signaling. It is not yet clear how the diversity of receptor combinations relates to the diversity of functions for RA. The expression patterns of three zebrafish RARs and four RXRs were reported recently. Here, we identify an additional RAR, a zebrafish RARgamma paralog, and two additional RXRs, duplicates of the previously identified RXRalpha and RXRgamma. Thus, the zebrafish genome contains duplicates of each RAR and RXR gene. All zebrafish RAR and RXR paralogs have overlapping and distinct areas of expression, as might be expected for duplicate genes in the process of diverging in function. By representing what is potentially the complete set of zebrafish RARs and RXRs, this study provides a valuable reference for future functional studies of the individual zebrafish RARs and RXRs. Developmental Dynamics 236:587–595, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SOST expression is restricted to the great arteries during embryonic and neonatal cardiovascular development
Authors: van Bezooijen Rutger L. , DeRuiter Marco C. , Vilain Nathalie , Monteiro Rui M. , Visser Annemieke , van der Wee‐Pals Lianne , van Munsteren Conny J. , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Aguet Michel , Mummery Christine L. , Papapoulos Socrates E. , Ten Dijke Peter , Löwik Clemens W.G.M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSpatial–temporal regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt activity is essential for normal cardiovascular development, and altered activity of these growth factors causes maldevelopment of the cardiac outflow tract and great arteries. In the present study, we show that SOST, a Dan family member reported to antagonize BMP and Wnt activity, is expressed within the medial vessel wall of the great arteries containing smooth muscle cells. The ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, common carotids, and pulmonary trunk were all associated with SOST expressing smooth muscle cells, while the heart itself, including the valves, and more distal arteries, that is, pulmonary arteries, subclavian arteries, and descending aorta, were negative. SOST was expressed from embryonic day 15.5 up to the neonatal period. SOST expression, however, did not correspond with inhibition of Smad‐dependent BMP activity or β‐catenin–dependent Wnt activity in the great arteries. Activity of both signaling pathways was already down‐regulated before induction of SOST expression. Developmental Dynamics 236:606–612, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and behavioural disturbances and the use of psychotropic drugs in Norwegian nursing homes
Authors: Selbæk Geir , Kirkevold Øyvind , Engedal Knut 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric and behavioural symptoms in dementia are associated with a range of negative outcomes, including institutional placement and the widespread use of psychotropic drugs in spite of limited evidence for their efficacy.AimsTo determine the prevalence of psychiatric and behavioural symptoms and the pattern of psychotropic drug prescription in patients with various degrees of dementia.MethodsA sample of 1,163 non‐selected nursing home patients were assessed by means of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Lawton's activities of daily living scale. In addition, information was collected from the patients' records.ResultsDementia was found in 81% of the patients and 72% of them had clinically significant psychiatric and behavioural symptoms. The frequencies of symptoms increased with the severity of the dementia. Psychotropic medication was being prescribed to 75% of patients with dementia. There was a significant relationship between the type of drug and the symptom for which it had been dispensed.ConclusionPsychiatric and behavioural symptoms are frequent in nursing homes and the rate increases with the progression of the dementia. Systematic programmes are needed for disseminating skills and providing guidance regarding the evaluation and treatment of these symptoms in nursing homes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐year sea ice spring melt transitions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from time‐series synthetic aperture radar data, 1992–2002
Authors: Yackel J. J. , Barber D. G. , Papakyriakou T. N. , Breneman C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper synthesizes 10‐years' worth of interannual time‐series space‐borne ERS‐1 and RADARSAT‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected coincident with daily measurement of snow‐covered, land‐fast first‐year sea ice (FYI) geophysical and surface radiation data collected from the Seasonal Sea Ice Monitoring and Modeling Site, Collaborative‐Interdisciplinary Cryospheric Experiment and 1998 North Water Polynya study over the period 1992 to 2002. The objectives are to investigate the seasonal co‐relationship of the SAR time‐series dataset with selected surface mass (bulk snow thickness) and climate state variables (surface temperature and albedo) measured in situ for the purpose of measuring the interannual variability of sea ice spring melt transitions and validating a time‐series SAR methodology for sea ice surface mass and climate state parameter estimation. We begin with a review of the salient processes required for our interpretation of time‐series microwave backscatter from land‐fast FYI. Our results suggest that time‐series SAR data can reliably measure the timing and duration of surface albedo transitions at daily to weekly time‐scales and at a spatial scales that are on the order of hundreds of metres. Snow thickness on FYI immediately prior to melt onset explains a statistically significant portion of the variability in timing of SAR‐detected melt onset to pond onset for SAR time‐series that are made up of more than 25 images. Our results also show that the funicular regime of snowmelt, resolved in time‐series SAR data at a temporal resolution of approximately 2·5 images per week, is not detectable for snow covers less than 25 cm in thickness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water resources in mountain regions: a methodological approach to assess the water balance in a highland‐lowland‐system
Authors: Weingartner Rolf , Viviroli Daniel , Schädler Bruno 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMountains and highlands are typically areas that provide considerable quantities of water, the latter being an important resource for the lowlands. These run‐off quantities remain discernible in the superior‐scale river systems and significantly contribute to the global water resources. Therefore, mountain regions ought to be given specific consideration with regard to management endeavours. Although well known in principle, details of water resources originating from mountains remain under discussion. A new approach has been introduced, which depicts the water balance of Switzerland in a spatially distributed manner, based on catchments of about 150 km2. The main feature of this approach is the areal precipitation, which is calculated using run‐off, evaporation and storage change of glaciers, instead of being derived from gauged precipitation values. This methodology was selected because measurement and regionalization of precipitation remain subject to large uncertainties in mountainous areas. Subsequently, the view is widened to the European Alps, which, as compared with the surrounding lowlands, contribute considerably higher annual discharge, especially in the summer months. Finally, the focus is put on the hydrological significance of mountains in general. In dry regions, mountains, in particular, are indispensable contributors to the water resources downstream. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On robustness of large quantile estimates to largest elements of the observation series
Authors: Strupczewski W. G. , Kochanek K. , Weglarczyk S. , Singh V. P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe robustness of large quantile estimates of largest elements in a small sample by the methods of moments (MOM),L‐moments (LMM) and maximum likelihood (MLM) was evaluated and compared. Bias (B) and mean square error (MSE) were used to measure the estimation methods performance. Quantiles were estimated by eight two‐parameter probability distributions with the variation coefficient being the shape parameter. The effect of dropping largest elements of the series on large quantile values was assessed for various variation coefficient (CV)/sample size (n) ‘combinations’ withn= 30 as the basic value. To that end, both the Monte Carlo sampling experiments and an asymptotic approach consisting in distribution truncation were applied.In general, both sampling and asymptotic approaches point to MLM as the most robust method of the three considered, with respect to bias of large quantiles. Comparing the performance of two other methods, the MOM estimates were found to be more robust for small and moderate hydrological samples drawn from distributions with zero lower‐bound than were the LMM estimates. Extending the evaluation to outliers, it was shown that all the above findings remain valid. However, using the MSE variation as a measure of performance, the LMM was found to be the best for most distribution/variation coefficient combinations, whereas MOM was found to be the worst. Moreover, removal of the largest sample element need not result in a loss of estimation efficiency. The gain in accuracy is observed for the heavy‐tailed and log‐normal distributions, being particularly distinctive for LMM. In practice, while dealing with a single sample deprived of its largest element, one should choose the estimation method giving the lowest MSE of large quantiles. Forn= 30 and several distribution/variation coefficient combinations, the MLM outperformed the two other methods in this respect and its supremacy grew with sample size, while MOM was usually the worst. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating the response of a closed‐basin lake to recent climate changes in tropical West Africa (Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana)
Authors: Shanahan Timothy M. , Overpeck Jonathan T. , Sharp W. E. , Scholz Christopher A. , Arko Justice A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHistorical changes in the level of Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana, have been simulated using a catchment‐scale hydrological model in order to assess the importance of changes in climate and land use on lake water balance on a monthly basis for the period 1939–2004. Several commonly used models for computing evaporation in data‐sparse regions are compared, including the Penman, the energy budget, and the Priestley–Taylor methods. Based on a comparison with recorded lake level variations, the model with the energy‐budget evaporation model subcomponent is most effective at reproducing observed lake level variations using regional climate records. A sensitivity analysis using this model indicates that Lake Bosumtwi is highly sensitive to changes in precipitation, cloudiness and temperature. However, the model is also sensitive to changes in runoff related to vegetation, and this factor needs to be considered in simulating lake level variations. Both interannual and longer‐term changes in lake level over the last 65 years appear to have been caused primarily by changes in precipitation, though the model also suggests that the drop in lake level over the last few decades has been moderated by changes in cloudiness and temperature over that time. Based on its effectiveness at simulating the magnitude and rate of lake level response to changing climate over the historical record, this model offers a potential future opportunity to examine the palaeoclimatic factors causing past lake level fluctuations preserved in the geological record at Lake Bosumtwi. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.