bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of an aqueous grass pollen extract and glutaraldehyde‐treated grass pollen‐tyrosine adsorbate in the treatment of pollenosis
Authors: VERSTRAETEN J. M , WHEELER A. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHyposensitization therapy gave a subjective improvement in 84% of grass pollen‐sensitive patients receiving an eighteen dose course of aqueous pollen extract (SDV) and in 69 % of patients receiving a three dose course of glutaraldehyde‐treated pollen‐tyrosine adsorbate (Pollinex). Systemic reactions to treatment were considerably more frequent with the aqueous course, but virtually absent with the short adsorbate course, which seems therefore more convenient for the patient. The SDV treatment induced a more pronounced IgG antibody response both in patients and in guinea‐pigs receiving the clinical dosage schedule. The Pollinex treatment showed a tendency to enhance the IgE antibody response in new patients.
Comparison between ketotifen and DSCG in bronchial challenge
Authors: PAUWELS R. , LAMONT H. , VAN DER STRAETEN M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA double‐blind cross‐over study showed that orally taken ketotifen and inhaled DSCG have a comparable protective effect on allergen‐induced bronchoconstriction. Both drugs significantly inhibit the immediate bronchial reaction after a 3 day treatment with either 1 mg ketotifen or 20 mg DSCG four times daily. Late reactions, which occurred in three out of the ten patients, were inhibited in two of the three patients by ketotifen as by DSCG.
Response to bronchial provocation and exercise in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: PRICE J. F. , WELLER P. H. , HARPER S. A. , MATTHEW D. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTen of fifteen cystic fibrosis children with positive skin prick tests to common antigens gave an immediate bronchial reaction to the antigen inhaled, five of them also gave a late reaction; however only one gave a history of asthma. The antigen most commonly eliciting a positive skin reaction in cystic fibrosis patients is Aspergillus fumigatus. In six children tested to this antigen the bronchial response varied, two were negative, one gave an immediate reaction and three gave a dual (immediate and late) reaction. None of the children showed the characteristic pattern of response to exercise seen in asthmatic patients, an initial rise in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate followed by a fall of greater than 14% below the resting level. Two patients showed an abnormal rise in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate during exercise, a pattern described previously in cystic fibrosis.The results suggest that bronchial allergy, immediate or late does not completely explain susceptibility to asthma, and that other factors including perhaps the type of bronchial reactivity shown by bronchoconstriction after exercise may be required. However the majority of the children tested had bronchial allergy and anti‐allergy therapy such as inhaled sodium cromoglycate may have a place in the management of selected patients with cystic fibrosis.
Clinical correlations between long‐term (IgE) and short‐term (IgG S‐TS) anaphylactic antibodies in atopic and ‘non‐atopic’ subjects with respiratory allergic disease
Authors: PEPYS J. , PARISH W. E. , STENIUS‐AARNIALA B. , WIDE L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe sera of atopic and non‐atopic persons with allergic pulmonary disorders were examined for long‐term sensitizing, IgE and short‐term sensitizing heat‐stable (S‐TS) antibodies which were present separately or together in the sera of some patients sensitive to antigens such as budgerigar serum proteins and Aspergillus fumigatus.In fourteen atopic patients with extrinsic asthma, six had both types of antibody to common allergens, and of nine non‐atopic patients with cryptogenic (intrinsic) asthma, four had only heat‐stable short‐term sensitizing antibodies. The sera of atopic subjects with type I prick test reactions and positive RAST's, showed specific IgE antibody by baboon PCA tests to budgerigar serum proteins, A. fumigatus, Timothy grass pollen extract and hen egg extract, and not to Dermatophagoides farinae, possibly because of naturally occurring mite antibodies in the baboon.The sera of non‐atopic asthmatics, who had given negative prick test but positive immediate, dual or late intracutaneous tests, and only late asthmatic reactions, contained precipitins in most cases and gave little or no RAST reaction. On baboon PCA these sera contained either, S‐TS antibody alone, or S‐TS plus long‐term sensitizing antibody, or long‐term sensitizing antibody alone. Some of the sera with long‐term sensitizing antibody contained blocking antibody which could diffuse away in the 24 hr delay for the baboon PCA test and could also be responsible for the negative RAST.Tests with insoluble anti‐IgE immuno‐adsorbents on two sera from persons sensitive to aspergillus confirmed that the S‐TS activity was not due to IgE, and on two sera with negative RAST and negative prick tests to budgerigar serum antigens confirmed that the 24 hr monkey PCA responses were due to IgE.
Recognition of food‐allergic patients and their allergens by the RAST technique and clinical investigation
Authors: WRAITH D. G. , MERRETT J. , ROTH A. , YMAN L. , MERRETT T. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera from 119 patients with possible food allergies were tested against a panel of thirteen food allergens by the RAST technique. The results were compared with in vivo tests. 79% of foods causing symptoms gave a positive RAST to the specific food. Symptoms were grouped according to their time of appearance after taking the food; ‘immediate’ up to 1 hr and ‘non‐immediate’ more than 1 hr afterwards. Almost all those with ‘immediate’ symptoms were already aware of the foods causing them and there was a 100% correlation of the RAST result with these. Only a few of those with ‘non‐immediate’ symptoms were previously aware that these foods were responsible, and 64% of these gave a positive RAST. The majority of patients with a positive RAST result had total IgE in excess of 300 u/ml, had specific IgE antibodies against one or more common inhalant allergens, were under the age of 30 years and had a combination of asthma and eczema.We found the RAST method a useful and safe guide upon which to base a clinical investigation of food allergy, especially for patients whose symptoms appeared more than 1 hr after the food and in whom the relationship between their symptoms and food was not apparent. The RAST technique was surprisingly successful in identifying the foods which caused these ‘non‐immediate’ symptoms.
An anomalous effect of allergen concentration on weal size elicited by skin testing for immediate hypersensitivity
Authors: HUGGINS K. G. , BROSTOFF J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe report the finding of anomalous responses in the skin of atopic individuals when prick tested with serial dilutions of cocksfoot grass pollen extracts. Each pollen extract was standardized using RAST inhibition activity related to the WHO standard for IgE. 75% of the patients gave a larger weal area with an allergen concentration of 1:105 than with the next higher concentration, i.e. 1:104.Possible mechanisms whereby a larger skin weal is elicited with a lower concentration of allergen are discussed. This is not a rare finding and can be observed in patients undergoing routine skin testing in the clinic, even where extracts are diluted over a relatively narrow concentration range.
Quantification of serum IgE in patients with burns
Authors: GLEICH G. J. , DUNNETTE S. L. , VOLENEC F. J. , MANI M. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIgE levels in the serum of individuals with burns were sequentially measured and compared to IgE levels in normal control blood donors. Following a burn, the levels of IgE protein showed a significant, although modest, increase, usually evident between days 14 and 22. In an occasional patient, the IgE levels rose by as much as five times in value during this period. Because of the complexity of the clinical situation associated with the burn patients, we cannot ascribe these elevations of IgE to the burn per se, but must consider the possibility of other factors, especially those involved in the treatment of the burn as well as the infection. The magnitude of the elevation of IgE in the burn patients (geometric mean = 272 ng/ml) was considerably lower than the magnitude of the elevations seen in atopic dermatitis and generalized neurodermatitis (geometric means = 2265 and 2071 ng/ml, respectively). Thus simple trauma to the skin is not a sufficient explanation for the elevated serum IgE levels in atopic dermatitis and generalized neurodermatitis.
Clinical and immunological studies of venom immunotherapy
Authors: REISMAN ROBERT E. , ARBESMAN CARL E. , LAZELL MARY 
Published: April 2006

SummaryClinical and immunological studies were conducted in fifty insect‐sensitive patients receiving bee and yellow jacket venom immunotherapy. All patients had had anaphylactic reactions and had elevated serum levels of venom‐specific IgE (RAST) prior to therapy. Venom injections were given weekly starting at a dose of about 0.001 μg and aiming for a maximum of 50 μg or greater. Maintenance injections were administered monthly.In the majority of patients, venom‐specific IgG was produced by immunizing doses above 1 μg. Highest titres were related to higher doses. Almost all patients receiving doses of 50 μg of venom had an IgG antibody response.Sequential measurements of venom‐specific IgE were done in thirty‐seven patients. Twenty‐two had a declining titre, ten had a persistently elevated titre and five patients had a rise in antibody titre. There was no relationship between IgE and IgG antibody titres except for four patients who had a marked rise of both antibodies following venom therapy. Ten of the fifty patients received subsequent stings with no reactions. At the time of the subsequent uneventful sting, all but one had detectable serum IgG antibodies.These studies suggest: (1) venom immunotherapy appears effective for immunization of insect‐sensitive individuals; and (2) considerable variability in individual immunological response to therapy and thus the probable need to individualize the degree and extent of venom therapy.
Occupational asthma due to inhaled carmine
Authors: BURGE P. S. , O'BRIEN I. M. , HARRIES M. G. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo patients are described with occupational asthma due to carmine, a natural dye extracted from the insect Coccus cactus. Both had dual asthmatic reactons after carmine inhalation. Oral challenge provoked gastrointestinal symptoms in one patient, and asthma in them both, perhaps accounting for their continuing symptoms. One patient worked extracting carmine from the insects and the other used carmine as a cosmetic colouring agent.
Immunological parameters and α1‐antitrypsinin chronic urticaria
Authors: CHODIRKER W. B. , BAUMAN W. , KOMAR R. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum immunoglobulins, complement and α1‐antitrypsin were assayed in forty‐eight patients with chronic urticaria. Thirteen cases had chronic cold urticaria and thirty‐two had chronic idiopathic urticaria. Elevated mean serum IgM was found in chronic cold urticaria. Seven patients had partial immunoglobulin deficiencies. IgE was elevated in sixteen cases of chronic idiopathic and in two with chronic cold urticaria. Eight patients had depressed serum total haemolytic complement activity. Low C3 and normal C4 serum protein concentrations in four cases suggested alternative complement pathway activation. Twenty of forty‐six patients were atopic, although specific allergies responsible for the urticaria were not identified in any of them. α1‐antitrypsin levels were normal in all patients. The data suggest that the aetiology and pathogenesis of chronic urticarias in this study are heterogeneous. No evidence of abnormality of the protease inhibitor system in either chronic idiopathic or chronic cold urticaria was found.
‘Barn allergy’: asthma and rhinitis due to storage mites
Authors: CUTHBERT OLAF D. , BROSTOFF JONATHAN , WRAITH DEREK G. , BRIGHTONS WILLIAM D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe differential dignosis of asthma in farm workers is between a type I hypersensitivity to a pollen or dust allergen and a type III hypersensitivity to mould antigens.We describe asthma and rhinitis, and not farmer's lung, in a farming population due to the non‐pyroglyphid grain storage mite.Before a diagnosis of farmers' lung due to mouldy hay is made in any patient whether or not precipitins to Micropolyspora faeni are present, skin tests for storage mite should be made. If these are positive a diagnosis of ‘barn allergy’ should be considered and a trial of sodium cromoglycate be given.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgE antibodies to protein and polysaccharide antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: SEPULVEDA R. , LONGBOTTOM JOAN L. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryELISA has emerged as a useful alternative to other more costly and complex tests. Polystyrene microhaemagglutination plates have been used as solid phase to absorb Aspergillus fumigatus protein and polysaccharide components for detection of specific antibodies in patients with various forms of pulmonary aspergillosis. IgG and IgE antibodies to the polysaccharide as well as the protein allergens have been found. For the IgE test a double antibody technique has been developed, which is more sensitive than the conventional indirect ELISA.
Natural history of allergy to Hymenoptera
Authors: SETTIPANE G. A. , CHAFEE F. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOne hundred and nineteen patients who had a generalized reaction to a bee sting and who subsequently had a history of being re‐stung before desensitization were studied. The reaction, in these 119 patients was as follows: 44.5% had an improved grade of reaction, 42.9% had the same grade of reaction and 12.6% had a worse grade of reaction. Of these 119 patients, 39.5% had only a local reaction to their re‐sting. Those patients who were re‐stung within 2 weeks (anergic period) or over 5 years after a generalized reaction to a sting had significantly improved response. Results of pretreatment RAST to venoms of hornet, yellow jacket, wasp, honey bee and to phospholipase A appeared to correlate with the clinical signs and symptoms of the previous sting in 75% of cases.
Allergic reactions, including asthma, to the pineapple protease bromelain following occupational exposure
Authors: BAUR X. , FRUHMANN G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA 58‐year‐old pharmaceutical worker regularly developed asthma and rhinitis when handling bromelain, a purified protease of pineapple (Ananas comosus), at her workplace, where she had been employed for about 10 years. RAST and prick test showed strong positive reactions to bromelain. Both inhalation test with 0.03 mg bromelain and peroral challenge by ingestion of 190 g pineapple resulted in asthmatic reactions; the latter challenge was accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Five of six workers sensitized to papain, showed positive RAST and skin test results to bromelain, two of them also showed immediate asthmatic reactions after bronchial challenge with bromelain. Out of sixty asthmatics not exposed to airborne proteases but probably to these as constituents of foods, two had positive skin test results and eight had positive RAST results to bromelain; but in no case was there clear evidence for clinical sensitization.The presented data prove conclusively that bromelain is capable of inducing IgE mediated respiratory and gastrointestinal allergic reactions. Furthermore, there is evidence for immunological cross‐reaction between the two plant proteases bromelain and papain in human subjects.
Angioedema responding to antiprotease treatment but without abnormalities of the complement system
Authors: FREED D. L. J. , BUISSERET P. D. , LLOYD MARY J. , PUMPHREY R. S. H. , GARRETTS M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFour patients suffered from chronic or recurrent angioedema, of sudden onset in adult life, associated with visceral pain and impossible to control by dietary means. In spite of normal complement function they respond very well to tranexamic acid therapy. Antiprotease drugs need not be restricted to cases of ClsINH deficiency.
Aerobiological studies based in Galway. A comparison of pollen and spore counts over two seasons of widely differing weather conditions
Authors: MCDONALD M. S. , O'DRISCOLL B. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA comparison was made of the pollen and spore counts at Galway in relation to the varying weather conditions of the summers of 1977 and 1978 in an attempt to explain the low incidence of allergies in that area during the summer of 1978. The phenomenon was attributed to the change in the dominant wind direction, which, from May to September 1978 was mainly over sea. Correlations were made between changes in pollen and spore catches and variations in particular meteorological factors for both seasons investigated.
Skin tests with tuberculin (PPD) Candida albicans and Trichophyton spp. in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and asbestos related lung disease
Authors: PIERCE R. , TURNER‐WARWICK M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDelayed skin hypersensitivity responses were elicited in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) (twenty‐eight), asbestosis (eight), mesothelioma (eight) and a ‘control’ group, having miscellaneous lung diseases not normally believed to be associated with T cell deficiency (twenty). Three antigens, Candida albicans, trichophyton and purified protein derivative (PPD) in a range of doses were used.There was no evidence of impaired cellular immunity in CFA or in mesothelioma, indeed there was a significantly increased frequency of reactions to PPD in both of these conditions (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). There was, however, a trend of decreased responsiveness in the group with asbestosis.The dosage regimen used rarely gave completely negative results (only one of thirty‐two completed tests), and may provide a basis for a simple and standard regimen for screening patients suspected of having defective T cell responses.
Activation of the alternative complement pathway by extracts of cotton dust
Authors: WILSON M. R. , SEKUL A. , ORY R. , SALVAGGIO J. E. , LEHRER S. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryExtracts of cotton dust were tested for their ability to activate the alternative complement pathway in fresh normal human serum (NHS). Alternative pathway activation was determined by a haemolytic assay utilizing glutathione‐sensitized human erythrocytes, consumption of alternative pathway components in terms of alternative pathway CH50 units and an immunoelectrophoretic assay to detect split products of activation of factor B. All assays were performed under conditions that have been shown to block the initial steps of classical pathway activation but permit activation of the alternative complement pathway. Results demonstrate that the cotton dust extracts could consume alternative complement pathway proteins in a dose‐response manner. The complement activating factor is probably endotoxin since a cotton dust extract obtained by an extraction method for endotoxin yielded the greatest activity.
Anaphylaxis to wine
Authors: CLAYTON D. E. , BUSSE W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAnaphylaxis following the ingestion of wine was found in a non‐atopic woman. The reaction occurred within 15 min of wine ingestion but did not follow other alcoholic beverages. An immediate skin test response to the offending wine was found but specific IgE levels could not be measured by radioallergosorbent testing.
Occupational asthma in a research centre breeding locusts
Authors: BURGE P. S. , EDGE G. , O'BRIEN I. M. , HARRIES M. G. , HAWKINS R. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of work‐related asthma, rhinitis and urticaria was measured in a scientific establishment working with locusts. Twenty‐six percent of those handling the locust in the research centre had work‐related wheeze or breathlessness, and one‐third had work‐related rhinitis and urticaria. Work‐related symptoms were uncommon in scientists exposed to locusts in the field, and in other employees at the centre. Antigens were prepared from the locusts, Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria, as well as the moth, Chilo partellus, which was also bred at the centre. Skin prick testing with the locust antigens showed positive reactions in 55% of the atopic workers at the centre, but were also present in 43% of unexposed atopic workers. In this latter group there was a correlation between positive reaction to locust and dermatophagoides antigens. Atopic workers handling the locusts developed occupational asthma more often and more quickly than similarly exposed non‐atopic workers. IgG and IgE antibodies to the locust antigens were found to correlate significantly with both the degree of exposure and the presence of disease.
Hypersensitivity to chemicals. Correlation of tartrazine hypersensitivity with characteristic serum IgD and IgE immune response patterns
Authors: WELIKY N. , HEINER D. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA radioimmunoassay inhibition test (CARIAT) has been developed to measure human anti‐tartrazine IgD and IgE antibodies. Graphical analysis of the data obtained has shown that patients with clinically identified tartrazine hypersensitivity can be distinguished from controls by singular characteristics of their IgD but not their IgE antibody patterns. Clinical diagnoses of tartrazine hypersensitivity correlate with relative levels of serum IgD antibody specific for a soluble conjugate of tartrazine with rabbit serum albumin (TZ‐RSA). These tartrazine sensitive patients, however, have lower levels of ‘nonspecific’ IgD than controls, i.e., IgD that reacts with cellulose discs conjugated to phenylsulphonic acid antigenic determinants but does not react with TZ‐RSA. Although it is significant that the observations demonstrate an association of raised specific IgD levels in patients relative to controls, the possible presence in controls of IgD antibodies against other tartrazine antigenic determinants which may play a role in ameliorating or preventing allergic responses should be considered.Anti‐tartrazine IgD or IgE antibody was determined by assay of the IgD or IgE binding to paper discs coupled to a tartrazine antigen analog (AP‐discs). Each result was compared with the amount of antibody binding if the patient's or control serum was preincubated with a free soluble tartrazine‐protein conjugated antigen, before being tested on the discs coupled with antigen (AP‐discs). Reduction of the amount of IgD or IgE binding to the disc‐coupled antigen, when the sera were preincubated with free soluble antigen, indicated specificity of the antibodies for tartrazine antigenic determinants.The specificity of the serum anti‐tartrazine antibodies assayed appears to be the phenylsulphonic moiety, suggesting that the sensitizing agent responsible need not have been tartrazine but could have been one or more of the many other synthetic environmental chemicals with a sulphonated benzene ring. The results obtained suggest that diagnostic tests may be developed for tartrazine hypersensitivity and for hypersensitivity to other chemicals.
Circulating IgE levels in the over‐seventies
Authors: MERRETT T. G. , BURR M. L. , LEGER A. S. St , MERRETT J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a normal population aged over 70 years the geometric mean IgE value of 30.6 u/ml was not significantly different from that obtained previously in a similar epidemiological survey of a population aged 20–44 years. However, in the older population we have noted a significant sex difference–38.6 u/ml for males against 27.2 u/ml for females–which was only apparent in the atopic subjects of the younger population. There have been some other reports that IgE levels decrease with age, and possible reasons for these differences with our own results are discussed.