bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing contamination while closing the gap: BASSI RF pulses in PASL
Authors: Warnking Jan M. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBandwidth‐modulated selective saturation and inversion (BASSI) pulses are a class of frequency‐ and gradient‐modulated radiofrequency (RF) pulses, derived from the hyperbolic secant pulse by temporal variation of the bandwidth parameter. These pulses afford optimal amplitude modulation, achieving uniform and highly selective profiles at any effective flip angle. In this paper, BASSI pulses are parameterized to obtain low RF energy pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) label pulses with minimal contamination of static spins outside the label region and highly selective PICORE/QUIPSS II saturation pulses allowing for small label gaps. They are compared to frequency offset corrected inversion (FOCI) label pulses and sinc saturation pulses in simulations and a phantom experiment. Drawing on the outstanding selectivity of bandwidth‐modulated saturation pulses, a new noninvasive method to measure in vivo the contamination effects due to direct and indirect saturation of static spins by the label pulse is presented. In an in vivo study on four subjects, contamination effects in a QUIPSS II PASL implementation based on BASSI pulses are compared to those present in a state‐of‐the‐art Q2TIPS sequence employing a FOCI label pulse. Residual contamination in the QUIPSS II/BASSI sequence is shown to be reduced by a factor of 3, compared to the Q2TIPS/FOCI sequence. In vivo human perfusion images obtained with a label gap of only 2 mm are presented. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Needle shear wave driver for magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Chan Q.C.C. , Li G. , Ehman R.L. , Grimm R.C. , Li R. , Yang E.S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is capable of quantitatively depicting the mechanical properties of tissues in vivo. In contrast to mechanical excitation at the surface of the tissue, the method proposed in this study describes shear waves produced by an inserted needle. The results demonstrate that MRE performed with the needle driver provides shear stiffness estimates that correlate well with those obtained using mechanical testing. Comparisons between MRE acquisitions obtained with surface and needle drivers yielded similar results in general. However, the well‐defined wave propagation pattern provided by the needle driver in a target region can reduce section orientation‐related error in wavelength estimation that occurs with surface drivers in 2D MRE acquisitions. Preliminary testing of the device was performed on animals. This study demonstrates that the needle driver is an effective option that offers advantages over surface drivers for obtaining accurate stiffness estimates in targeted regions that are accessible by the needle. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Location of anthralin radical generation in mouse skin by UV‐A irradiation: An estimation using microscopic EPR spectral‐spatial imaging
Authors: Matsumoto Ken‐ichiro , Kawai Sayo , Chignell Colin F. , Utsumi Hideo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn vivo location of the anthralin radical generated in mouse skin by ultraviolet A (UV‐A) irradiation was estimated by microscopic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral‐spatial imaging. An X‐band EPR spectrometer equipped with specially designed high‐power imaging coils and a TE‐mode cavity was employed. The maximum field gradient used in this study was 6.77 mT/mm. Anthralin was applied to the dorsal skin of live mice, which were then exposed to UV‐A irradiation. A broad singlet EPR spectrum (peak‐to‐peak line width = 0.6 mT and g = 2.004) was obtained. Microscopic EPR spectral‐spatial imaging of the skin tissue showed that the anthralin radical was located mainly in the epidermis (27 μm from the skin surface). This result was consistent with the finding that the proportions of the radical in the dermis and epidermis were about 15% and 85%, respectively. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bin‐packing problem with concave costs of bin utilization
Authors: Li Chung‐Lun , Chen Zhi‐Long 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe consider a generalized one‐dimensional bin‐packing model where the cost of a bin is a nondecreasing concave function of the utilization of the bin. Four popular heuristics from the literature of the classical bin‐packing problem are studied: First Fit (FF), Best Fit (BF), First Fit Decreasing (FFD), and Best Fit Decreasing (BFD). We analyze their worst‐case performances when they are applied to our model. The absolute worst‐case performance ratio of FF and BF is shown to be exactly 2, and that of FFD and BFD is shown to be exactly 1.5. Computational experiments are also conducted to test the performance of these heuristics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Transient analysis of Markov models of fault‐tolerant systems with deferred repair using split regenerative randomization
Authors: Temsamani Jamal , Carrasco Juan A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe (standard) randomization method is an attractive alternative for the transient analysis of continuous time Markov models. The main advantages of the method are numerical stability, well‐controlled computation error, and ability to specify the computation error in advance. However, the fact that the method can be computationally very expensive limits its applicability. In this paper, we develop a new method calledsplit regenerative randomization, which, having the same good properties as standard randomization, can be significantly more efficient. The method covers reliability‐like models with a particular but quite general structure and requires the selection of a subset of states and aregenerativestate satisfying some conditions. For a class of continuous time Markov models, model class C2, including typical failure/repair reliability‐like models with exponential failure and repair time distributions and deferred repair, natural selections are available for both the subset of states and the regenerative state and, for those natural selections, theoretical results are available assessing the efficiency of the method in terms of “visible” model characteristics. Those results can be used to anticipate when the method can be expected to be competitive. We illustrate the application of the method using a large class C2model and show that for models in that class the method can indeed be significantly more efficient than previously available randomization‐based methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
A sequential Bayesian generalization of the Jelinski–Moranda software reliability model
Authors: Washburn Alan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Jelinski–Moranda model of software reliability is generalized by introducing a negative‐binomial prior distribution for the number of faults remaining, together with a Gamma distribution for the rate at which each fault is exposed. This model is well suited to sequential use, where a sequence of reliability forecasts is made in the process of testing or using the software. We also investigate replacing the Gamma distribution with a worst‐case assumption about failure rates (the worst‐case failure rate in models such as this is not infinite, since faults with large failure rates are immediately discovered and removed). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Approximation algorithms for channel allocation problems in broadcast networks
Authors: Gandhi Rajiv , Khuller Samir , Srinivasan Aravind , Wang Nan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe study two packing problems that arise in the area of dissemination‐based information systems; a second theme is the study of distributed approximation algorithms. The problems considered have the property that the space occupied by a collection of objects together could be significantly less than the sum of the sizes of the individual objects. In the Channel Allocation Problem, there are requests that are subsets of topics. There are a fixed number of channels that can carry an arbitrary number of topics. All the topics of each request must be broadcast on some channel. The load on any channel is the number of topics that are broadcast on that channel; the objective is to minimize the maximum load on any channel. We present approximation algorithms for this problem, and also show that the problem is MAX‐SNP hard. The second problem is the Edge Partitioning Problem addressed by Goldschmidt, Hochbaum, Levin, and Olinick (Networks, 41:13–23, 2003). Each channel here can deliver topics for at most k requests, and we aim to minimize the total load on all channels. We present an O(n1/3)–approximation algorithm, and also show that the algorithm can be made fully distributed with the same approximation guarantee; we also generalize the (nondistributed) Edge Partitioning Problem of graphs to the case of hypergraphs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(4), 225–236 2006
Understanding and treating psychopathology in schools: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Davis Andrew S. , Kruczek Theresa , McIntosh David E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractInvestigating psychopathology in school‐aged children is a topical discussion given the recent increased focus of the U.S. government and professional psychology on this issue. In the last 5 years, the Surgeon General of the United States (Satcher, 2000) and the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) both addressed the need for schools to actively participate in the treatment of children's mental health disorders. Further, psychologists were charged with transforming mental health care for children and families by promoting collaboration between schools, families, and communities; identifying empirically supported interventions; and enhancing culturally competent care for children and teens (P. Tolan & K. Dodge, 2005). To achieve these goals, mental health professionals in the schools need to be able to understand and effectively treat psychopathology in the school setting. School‐based treatment of psychopathology should be based on effective collaboration and grounded within the cultural context of the student population. A comprehensive understanding takes into account the biological basis of these disorders and factors influencing risk and resiliency. Treatment needs for these students often combine traditional therapies and psychopharmacology. Within a comprehensive system of care, specific disorders such as Reactive Attachment Disorder, Early Onset Bipolar Spectrum Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and anxiety can and should be treated in schools. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 413–417, 2006.
Psychopathology in the schools: Multicultural factors that impact assessment and intervention
Authors: Suzuki Lisa A. , Alexander Charlene M. , Lin Pei‐Ying , Duffy Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAll cultures promote specific norms of behavior that can influence the assessment and intervention process with members of racially/ethnically diverse groups who are diagnosed with various forms of psychopathology. The purpose of this article is to highlight literature on the prevalence of psychological disorders with respect to children and adolescents from different racial/ethnic groups and present variables that may impact assessment and intervention within these diverse populations (e.g., contextual factors, racial and ethnic identity, religious/spiritual beliefs, parenting factors, student attitudes). In addition, cultural issues related to the assessment process and culturally sensitive recommendations for intervention are addressed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 429–438, 2006.
Empirically supported psychotherapy interventions for internalizing disorders
Authors: Oswald Donald P. , Mazefsky Carla A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe present article provides an overview of the best‐developed interventions for child and adolescent internalizing disorders characterized by anxiety and depression. The review emphasizes interventions that fall into established efficacy categories, but also addresses briefly several other promising treatment procedures. Research on the treatment of child and adolescent depression has not yielded interventions with clearly established efficacy, although there are a number of treatment approaches that may be characterized as possibly efficacious. The treatment of child and adolescent anxiety disorders, on the other hand, includes a number of interventions with good empirical support. While the field is clearly advancing, there remain important deficits and limitations with regard to the evidence base for interventions addressing child internalizing disorders. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 439–449, 2006.
Early onset bipolar spectrum disorder: Psychopharmacological, psychological, and educational management
Authors: McIntosh David E. , Trotter Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAlthough published research continues to advocate medication as the first line of treatment for early onset bipolar spectrum disorder (EOBSD; N. Lofthouse & M.A. Fristad, 2004), preliminary research demonstrating the utility of cognitive, cognitive‐behavioral, and psychoeducational therapies is promising. It appears as if future treatment of EOBSD will most likely include a combination of psychosocial treatments and medications; however, additional research needs to be conducted to support this assumption. This article provides a brief overview of published research related to EOBSD, the most common medications used to treat EOBSD, and preliminary research on the effectiveness of psychological treatments with children and adolescents classified with EOBSD. Finally, due to the lack of published behavioral and educational management strategies, this article provides practical suggestions for helping children and adolescents with EOBSD within the home and school settings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 451–460, 2006.
Prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the school setting
Authors: Kruczek Theresa , Salsman Jill 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTrauma has the potential to undermine both the educational and personal achievement of students. This article will provide a review and an integration of theoretical and empirical literature on the prevention and treatment of stress disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and teens. An initial review of the biopsychosocial factors related to the development of stress disorders is followed by a comprehensive model of preventive intervention. Recommendations for best practices to prevent and treat PTSD in the school setting are guided by existing treatment‐outcome literature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 461–470, 2006.
Psychopharmacology in the schools
Authors: Abrams Laura , Flood Jillian , Phelps LeAdelle 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPsychotropic medications prescribed frequently to children and adolescents for the treatment of anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are reviewed. Pediatric pharmacological options based on double‐blind, randomized studies are examined. We advocate that psychotropic medications be used only in conjunction with psychosocial interventions and that collaborative practices between medical and school professionals are essential. School psychologists play a critical role in medication management by monitoring behavioral, social‐emotional, and academic outcomes, coordinating the intervention team, interfacing with the prescribing physician, and providing psychosocial interventions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 493–501, 2006.
Empirical and clinical methods in the assessment of personality and psychopathology: An integrative approach for training
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Esquivel Giselle B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSchool psychologists have a critical role in identifying social‐emotional problems and psychopathology in youth based on a set of personality‐assessment competencies. The development of competencies in assessing personality and psychopathology is complex, requiring a variety of integrated methods and approaches. Given the limited extent and scope of formal preparation in personality assessment in school psychology training programs, it is important to develop models using multiple methods of assessment. It is proposed that an integrated paradigm associated with a combination of empirical and clinical methods serve as a framework for the development of school psychology practice competencies in personality assessment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 513–526, 2006.
Hydroxyl chain‐end functionalization of polymeric organolithium compounds with oxetane
Authors: Quirk Roderic P. , Kim Young J. , Guo Ya , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Arnould Mark A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHydroxyl chain‐end functionalizations of polymeric organolithium compounds with oxetane (trimethylene oxide) were studied in benzene at 25 °C. Functionalizations of poly(styryl)lithium and polystyrene‐oligo‐butadienyllithium proceed efficiently to form the corresponding ω‐hydroxypropyl‐functionalized polymers in 98 and 97% isolated yields, respectively. No nonfunctional polymer (≤1–2%) was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for either polymer. All functionalized polymers were characterized by 13C and 1H NMR analyses; no evidence for oxetane oligomerization at the chain end was observed. The MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of ω‐hydroxypropylpolystyrene was consistent with the expected structure without any detectable oligomerization of oxetane. A small, but detectable series of peaks corresponding to nonfunctional polystyrene was also observed in the MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum. The functionalization of the adduct of 1,1‐diphenylethylene and PSLi produced the corresponding ω‐hydroxypropyl‐functionalized polymer in only 86% isolated yield. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2684–2693, 2006
Selective preparation of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) by using fractional polycondensation
Authors: Kimura Kunio , Kohama Shin‐Ichiro , Kuroda Junya , Shimizu Yasuo , Ichimori Toshimitsu , Yamashita Yuhiko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSelective preparation of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) (POB) in the copolymerization system of p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (p‐ABA) and m‐acetoxybenzoic acid (m‐ABA) was examined by using reaction‐induced crystallization of oligomers. Polymer crystals mainly composed of p‐oxybenzoyl moiety were precipitated when the content of m‐ABA in the feed was 30 mol %. The formation of the polymer crystals was attributed to both the reactivity of monomer and the phase‐separation behavior of oligomer. Reactivity of p‐ABA was twice higher than that of m‐ABA, and thereby, the homo‐oligomers of p‐oxybenzoyl moiety were more rapidly formed in solution than do co‐oligomers at the early stage in polymerization. They were selectively precipitated by crystallization to form crystals because of low miscibility. Co‐oligomers containing m‐oxybenzoyl moiety were also formed in solution, but they were unable to be phase‐separated because of higher miscibility. Further polycondensation occurred between oligomers in the precipitated crystals, leading to the formation of POB. This polymerization proceeded with selecting certain monomers by crystallization and afforded a new methodology for fractional polycondensation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2732–2743, 2006
Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether initiated with transition‐metal ate complexes
Authors: Ihara Eiji , Yoshida Naoki , Ikeda Jun‐Ichi , Itoh Tomomichi , Inoue Kenzo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether was examined with transition‐metal ate complexes with trityl cation as initiators. The initiators were generated by the reaction of triphenylmethyl chloride [trityl chloride (TrCl)] with ate complexes of Nb, Mo, and W with lithium cation, which were obtained in situ by the reaction of the transition‐metal halides with anionic reagents (organolithium or lithium amide). When the polymerization was initiated with a mixture of TrCl and Li+[NbH5(NnBuPh)]−, the resulting poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)s had narrow molecular weight distributions (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight = 1.13–1.20). Although the polymerization was supposed to be initiated by the electrophilic attack of the trityl cation, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis of the resulting poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)s revealed the presence of H at the α‐chain end. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2636–2641, 2006
Preparation and ferromagnetic properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/polyaniline core–shell nanocomposites
Authors: Wu K. H. , Shin Y. M. , Yang C. C. , Ho W. D. , Hsu J. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMagnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4‐crosslinked polyaniline composites with a core–shell structure were prepared in the presence of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic powder in a toluene solution containing iron chloride as a surfactant and dopant. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy proved that Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 in the composites was responsible for the ferromagnetic behavior of the composites. The effects of the polyaniline and temperature on the magnetic properties of the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/polyaniline composites were studied with electron paramagnetic resonance and superconducting quantum interference device techniques. A clear evolution from ferromagnetic resonance to electron paramagnetic resonance was observed as a function of temperature, which was related to the passage through the Curie point (∼420 K). The magnetic properties of the resulting composites showed ferromagnetic behavior, such as high‐saturated magnetization (saturation magnetization = 35–39 emu/g), low coercive force (coercivity = 22–28 G), and low blocking temperatures (∼23 K). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2657–2664, 2006
Characteristics of polypyrrole electrodeposited onto roughened substrates composed of gold–silver bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Hsun‐Tsing , Liu Yu‐Chuan , Lin Li‐Huei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this work, the characteristics of polypyrrole (PPy) films electrodeposited onto an electrochemically roughened gold substrate with bimetallic silver and gold nanoparticles were first investigated. First, a silver substrate was roughened by a triangular‐wave oxidation–reduction cycle (ORC) in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M HCl. Subsequently, a gold substrate was roughened by a similar ORC treatment in this used solution. The results revealed that the surface of the roughened gold substrate demonstrated two different kinds of deposition domains because of the modification of silver nanoparticles. Encouragingly, some novel characteristics of PPy deposited onto this substrate were observed, in comparison with those on the roughened gold substrate without the modification of silver nanoparticles. They included a denser and more compact surface morphology, higher oxidation degree, increased conductivity, and improved surface‐enhanced Raman scattering. Furthermore, the nucleation and growth mechanism for PPy electropolymerization on this silver‐modified roughened gold substrate was distinguishable from that on the unmodified one. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2724–2731, 2006