bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal biomechanics are not exclusively compromised in high myopia
Authors: Yii Fabian , Strang Niall , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Dhillon Baljean , MacGillivray Tom 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearch assuming linearity has concluded that corneal biomechanics are compromised in high myopia. We investigated whether this assumption was appropriate and re‐examined these associations across different levels of myopia.MethodsMyopic (spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤ −0.50 D) eyes of 10,488 adults aged 40–69 years without any history of systemic and ocular conditions were identified in the UK Biobank. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was employed to test the linear association between corneal hysteresis (CH) or corneal resistance factor (CRF), separately, and SER while controlling for age, sex, corneal radius and intraocular pressure. Quantile regression (QR) was used to test the same set of associations across 49 equally spaced conditional quantiles of SER.ResultsIn OLS regression, each standard deviation (SD) decrease in CH and CRF was associated with 0.08 D (95% CI: 0.04–0.12; p < 0.001) and 0.10 D (95% CI: 0.04–0.15; p < 0.001) higher myopia, respectively. However, residual analysis indicated that the linearity assumption was violated. QR revealed no evidence of a significant association between CH/CRF and SER in low myopia, but a significant (p < 0.05) positive association became evident from −2.78 D (0.06 and 0.08 D higher myopia per SD decrease in CH and CRF). The magnitude of association increased exponentially with increasing myopia: in the −5.03 D quantile, every SD decrease in CH and CRF was associated with 0.17 D (95% CI: 0.08–0.25; p < 0.001) and 0.21 D (95% CI: 0.10–0.31; p < 0.001) higher myopia. In the −8.63 D quantile, this further increased to 0.54 D (95% CI: 0.33–0.76; p < 0.001) and 0.67 D (95% CI: 0.41–0.93; p < 0.001) higher myopia per SD decrease in CH and CRF.ConclusionsCorneal biomechanics appeared compromised from around −3.00 D. These changes were observed to be exponential with increasing myopia.
Adaptation of cultured decapod crustaceans to changing salinities: Physiological responses, molecular mechanisms and disease implications
Authors: Jaffer Yousuf Dar , Bhat Irfan Ahmad , Mir Ishfaq Nazir , Bhat Raja Aadil Hussain , Sidiq M. Junaid , Jana Prasanta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the production of economically important crustaceans, and decapods in inland saline areas has increased considerably. The osmoregulatory capacity of these decapods renders them culturable in wide salinity ranges, contributing to a global industry valued at billions of dollars. Therefore, gaining insights into the fundamental mechanisms that drive the adaptive capacity of crustaceans to thrive in diverse salinity ranges is essential. This comprehensive review paper unveils the pivotal adaptations of decapods that allow them to flourish in diverse salinities, ranging from freshwater to saline waters. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms of osmoregulation in decapod crustaceans with more emphasis on Litopenaeus vannammei. Moreover, the importance of maintaining an ideal osmotic balance for efficient digestion and nutrient absorption in L. vannamei is discussed. Furthermore, the effect of salinity on disease resistance in these species is explored, highlighting the need for effective disease management in aquaculture. Overall, this review explores the multifaceted factors influencing decapod crustaceans' adaptation to shifting salinities and also emphasizes the ongoing need for continued research in this domain.
Hausdorff dimension of plane sections and general intersections
Authors: Mattila Pertti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper extends some results of Mattila (J. Fractal Geom. 66 (2021) 389–401 and Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. A Math. 42 (2017) 611–620), in particular, removing assumptions of positive lower density. We give conditions on a general family , of orthogonal projections which guarantee that the Hausdorff dimension formula holds generically for measurable sets with positive and finite ‐dimensional Hausdorff measure, . As an application we prove for Borel sets with positive ‐ and measures that if , then for almost all rotations and for positively many . We shall also give an application to the estimates of the dimension of the set of exceptional rotations.
Reduced cold tolerance of viral-infected leafhoppers attenuates viral persistent epidemics
Authors: Chen Biao , Cao Gehui , Chen Yulu , Zhang Tong , Zhou Guohui , Yang Xin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Most arthropod-borne viruses produce intermittent epidemics in infected plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of these epidemics are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), a viral pathogen, significantly increases the mortality of its overwintering vector, the leafhopper species
Recilia dorsalis
. Cold-stress assays indicated that RSMV reduces the cold tolerance of leafhoppers, a process associated with the downregulation of leafhopper cuticular protein genes. An RSMV-derived small RNA (vsiR-t00355379) was found to facilitate the downregulation of a leafhopper endocuticle gene that is mainly expressed in the abdomen (named RdABD-5) and is conserved across dipteran species. The downregulation of
RdABD-5
expression in
R. dorsalis
resulted in fewer and thinner endocuticle lamellae, leading to decreased cold tolerance. This effect was correlated with a reduced incidence rate of RSMV in early-planted rice plants. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanism by which viral pathogens reduce cold tolerance in arthropod vectors and suggest an approach to managing the fluctuating prevalence of arboviruses.

IMPORTANCE

Increasing arthropod vector dispersal rates have increased the susceptibility of crop to epidemic viral diseases. However, the incidence of some viral diseases fluctuates annually. In this study, we demonstrated that a rice virus reduces the cold tolerance of its leafhopper vector,
Recilia dorsalis
. This effect is linked to the virus-derived small RNA-mediated downregulation of a gene encoding a leafhopper abdominal endocuticle protein. Consequently, the altered structural composition of the abdominal endocuticle reduces the overwinter survival of leafhoppers, resulting in a lower incidence of RSMV infection in early-planted rice plants. Our findings illustrate the important roles of RNA interference in virus-vector insect-environment interactions and help explain the annual fluctuations of viral disease epidemics in rice fields.
Wolbachia
strains
w
Mel and
w
AlbB differentially affect
Aedes aegypti
traits related to fecundity
Authors: Maciel-de-Freitas Rafael , Sauer Felix G. , Kliemke Konstantin , Garcia Gabriela A. , Pavan Márcio G. , David Mariana R. , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Hoffmann Ary , Lühken Renke 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Two
Wolbachia
strains,
w
Mel and
w
AlbB, have been transinfected into
Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes for population replacement with the aim of reducing dengue transmission. Epidemiological data from various endemic sites suggest a pronounced decrease in dengue transmission after implementing this strategy. In this study, we investigated the impact of the
Wolbachia
strains
w
Mel and
w
AlbB on
Ae. aegypti
fitness in a common genetic background. We found that
Ae. aegypti
females infected with the
w
Mel strain exhibited several significant differences compared with those infected with the
w
AlbB strain. Specifically,
w
Mel-infected females laid significantly fewer eggs, ingested a lower amount of blood, had a reduced egg production rate, and exhibited a decreased
Wolbachia
density at a later age compared with mosquitoes infected with the
w
AlbB strain. Conversely, the
w
AlbB strain showed only mild negative effects when compared with
Wolbachia
-uninfected specimens. These differential effects on
Ae. aegypti
fitness following infection with either
w
Mel or
w
AlbB may have important implications for the success of population replacement strategies in invading native
Ae. aegypti
populations in endemic settings. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for these differences in fitness effects and their potential impact on the long-term efficacy of
Wolbachia
-based dengue control programs.

IMPORTANCE

The transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya is on the rise globally. Among the most promising strategies to reduce arbovirus burden is the release of one out of two strains of
Wolbachia
-infected
Aedes aegypti
:
w
Mel and
w
AlbB. One critical aspect of whether this approach will succeed involves the fitness cost of either
Wolbachia
strains on mosquito life history traits. For instance, we found that
w
Mel-infected
Ae. aegypti
females laid significantly fewer eggs, ingested a lower amount of blood, had a reduced egg production rate, and exhibited a decreased Wolbachia density at a later age compared with mosquitoes infected with the
w
AlbB strain. Conversely, the
w
AlbB strain showed only mild negative effects when compared with
Wolbachia
-uninfected specimens. These differential effects on mosquito fitness following infection with either
w
Mel or
w
AlbB may have important implications for the success of population replacement strategies in invading native
Ae. aegypti
populations.
Quantitative comparison of cell–cell detachment force in different experimental setups
Authors: Vishen Amit Singh , Prost Jacques , Sens Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We compare three different setups for measuring cell–cell adhesion. We show that the measured strength depends on the type of setup that is used. For identical cells different assays measure different detachment forces. This can be understood from the fact that cell–cell detachment is a global property of the system. We also analyse the role of external force and line tension on contact angle and cell–cell detachment. Comparison with the experiments suggest that viscous forces play an important role in the process. We dedicate this article to Fyl Pincus who for many of us is an example to be followed not only for outstanding science but also for a marvelous human behavior.

Graphical abstract
Inflationary models constrained by reheating
Authors: Germán Gabriel , Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Padilla Luis E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study of reheating in inflationary models is crucial to understand the early universe and obtain information about the dynamics and parameters of inflation. The reheating temperature$$T_{re}$$Treand the duration of the reheating phase, quantified by the number ofe-folds$$N_{re}$$Nre, have significant implications for particle production, thermalisation, and the primordial power spectrum. The duration of reheating affects the abundance of particles, including dark matter, and shapes the primordial power spectrum and the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background. By combining cosmological observations and theoretical considerations, we can constrain both$$T_{re}$$Treand$$N_{re}$$Nre, which in turn restrict the spectral index$$n_s$$ns, the tensor-to-scalar ratior, and the parameters of the inflationary model. The use of consistency relations between observables, such as$$n_s$$nsandr, provides additional constraints on inflationary models and determines limits for other observables, such as the running of the scalar spectral index. These limits are valuable for assessing the viability of models and can serve to specify priors in Bayesian analyses of specific models. As an example of how to proceed, we study in detail a particular case of a generalized$$\alpha $$α-attractor model that accurately reproduces the observed quantities. We present equations for the conditions of instantaneous reheating, establish consistency relations, and explore the generalized$$\alpha $$α-attractor model using cosmological data. We study the model defined by its potential as a given formula and, furthermore, considering its possible origin in supergravity theories, we impose constraints on the reheating temperature to avoid the overproduction of gravitinos.
Loss of the DNA Repair Gene RNase H2 Identifies a Unique Subset of DDR-Deficient Leiomyosarcomas
Authors: Nakazawa Michael S. , Silverman Ian M. , Rimkunas Victoria , Veloso Artur , Glodzik Dominik , Johnson Adrienne , Ohsumi Toshiro K. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Conley Anthony P. , Roland Christina L. , Soliman Pamela T. , Beird Hannah C. , Wu Chia-Chin , Ingram Davis R. , Lazcano Rossana , Song Dawon , Wani Khalida M. , Lazar Alexander J. , Yap Timothy A. , Wang Wei-Lien , Livingston J. Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is an emerging therapeutic approach for leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and loss of RNase H2, a DDR pathway member, is a potentially actionable alteration for DDR-targeted treatments. Therefore, we designed a protein- and genomic-based RNase H2 screening assay to determine its prevalence and prognostic significance. Using a selective RNase H2 antibody on a pan-tumor microarray (TMA), RNase H2 loss was more common in LMS (11.5%, 9/78) than across all tumors (3.8%, 32/843). In a separate LMS cohort, RNase H2 deficiency was confirmed in uterine LMS (U-LMS, 21%, 23/108) and soft-tissue LMS (ST-LMS; 30%, 39/102). In the TCGA database, RNASEH2B homozygous deletions (HomDels) were found in 6% (5/80) of LMS cases, with a higher proportion in U-LMS (15%; 4/27) compared with ST-LMS (2%; 1/53). Using the SNiPDx targeted-NGS sequencing assay to detect biallelic loss of function in select DDR-related genes, we found RNASEH2B HomDels in 54% (19/35) of U-LMS cases with RNase H2 loss by IHC, and 7% (3/43) HomDels in RNase H2 intact cases. No RNASEH2B HomDels were detected in ST-LMS. In U-LMS patient cohort (n = 109), no significant overall survival difference was seen in patients with RNase H2 loss versus intact, or RNASEH2B HomDel (n = 12) versus Non-HomDel (n = 37). The overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of RNase H2 IHC for detecting RNA-SEH2B HomDels in U-LMS was 76%, 93%, and 71%, respectively, and it is being developed for future predictive biomarker driven clinical trials targeting DDR in U-LMS.
Right Ventricular Function on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Long-Term Outcomes in Stable Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Barrett Collin M. , Bawaskar Parag , Hughes Andrew , Athwal Pal Satyajit Singh , Guo Yugene , Alexy Tamas , Shenoy Chetan 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
In heart transplant recipients, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction may occur for a variety of reasons. Whether RV dysfunction in the stable phase after heart transplantation is associated with long-term adverse outcomes is unknown. We aimed to determine the long-term prognostic significance of RV dysfunction identified on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at least 1 year after heart transplantation.

METHODS:
In consecutive heart transplant recipients who underwent CMR for surveillance, we assessed 2 CMR measures of RV function: RV ejection fraction and RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS). We investigated associations between RV dysfunction and a composite end point of death or major adverse cardiac events, including retransplantation, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and heart failure hospitalization.

RESULTS:

A total of 257 heart transplant recipients (median age, 59 years; 75% men) who had CMR at a median of 4.3 years after heart transplantation were included. Over a median follow-up of 4.4 years after the CMR, 108 recipients experienced death or major adverse cardiac events. In a multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, time since transplantation, indication for transplantation, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, history of rejection, and CMR covariates, RV ejection fraction was not associated with the composite end point, but RVGLS was independently associated with the composite end point with a hazard ratio of 1.08 per 1% worsening in RVGLS ([95% CI, 1.00–1.17];
P
=0.046). RVGLS provided incremental prognostic value over other variables in multivariable analyses. The association was replicated in subgroups of recipients with normal RV ejection fraction and recipients with late gadolinium enhancement imaging. A similar association was seen with a composite end point of cardiovascular death or major adverse cardiac events.

CONCLUSIONS:
CMR feature tracking–derived RVGLS assessed at least 1 year after heart transplantation was independently associated with the long-term risk of death or major adverse cardiac events. Future studies should investigate its role in guiding clinical decision-making in heart transplant recipients.
Endothelial PTP1B Deletion Promotes VWF Exocytosis and Venous Thromboinflammation
Authors: Zifkos Konstantinos , Bochenek Magdalena L. , Gogiraju Rajinikanth , Robert Stéphane , Pedrosa Denise , Kiouptsi Klytaimnistra , Moiko Kateryna , Wagner Mathias , Mahfoud Felix , Poncelet Philippe , Münzel Thomas , Ruf Wolfram , Reinhardt Christoph , Panicot-Dubois Laurence , Dubois Christophe , Schäfer Katrin 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Endothelial activation promotes the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles and inflammatory mediators from specialized storage granules. Endothelial membrane exocytosis is controlled by phosphorylation. We hypothesized that the absence of PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) in endothelial cells promotes venous thromboinflammation by triggering endothelial membrane fusion and exocytosis.

METHODS:
Mice with inducible endothelial deletion of PTP1B (End.PTP1B-KO) underwent inferior vena cava ligation to induce stenosis and venous thrombosis. Primary endothelial cells from transgenic mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for mechanistic studies.

RESULTS:

Vascular ultrasound and histology showed significantly larger venous thrombi containing higher numbers of Ly6G (lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G)-positive neutrophils in mice with endothelial PTP1B deletion, and intravital microscopy confirmed the more pronounced neutrophil recruitment following inferior vena cava ligation. RT
2
PCR profiler array and immunocytochemistry analysis revealed increased endothelial activation and adhesion molecule expression in primary End.PTP1B-KO endothelial cells, including CD62P (P-selectin) and VWF (von Willebrand factor). Pretreatment with the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) kinase inhibitor BAY11-7082, antibodies neutralizing CD162 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) or VWF, or arginylglycylaspartic acid integrin-blocking peptides abolished the neutrophil adhesion to End.PTP1B-KO endothelial cells in vitro. Circulating levels of annexin V
+
procoagulant endothelial CD62E
+
(E-selectin) and neutrophil (Ly6G
+
) extracellular vesicles were also elevated in End.PTP1B-KO mice after inferior vena cava ligation. Higher plasma MPO (myeloperoxidase) and Cit-H3 (citrullinated histone-3) levels and neutrophil elastase activity indicated neutrophil activation and extracellular trap formation. Infusion of End.PTP1B-KO extracellular vesicles into C57BL/6J wild-type mice most prominently enhanced the recruitment of endogenous neutrophils, and this response was blunted in VWF-deficient mice or by VWF-blocking antibodies. Reduced PTP1B binding and tyrosine dephosphorylation of SNAP23 (synaptosome-associated protein 23) resulting in increased VWF exocytosis and neutrophil adhesion were identified as mechanisms, all of which could be restored by NF-κB kinase inhibition using BAY11-7082.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings show that endothelial PTP1B deletion promotes venous thromboinflammation by enhancing SNAP23 phosphorylation, endothelial VWF exocytosis, and neutrophil recruitment.
Addressing Disparities in Acute Stroke Management and Prognosis
Authors: Denny M. Carter , Rosendale Nicole , Gonzales Nicole R. , Leslie‐Mazwi Thabele M. , Middleton Sandy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT:
There are now abundant data demonstrating disparities in acute stroke management and prognosis; however, interventions to reduce these disparities remain limited. This special report aims to provide a critical review of the current landscape of disparities in acute stroke care and highlight opportunities to use implementation science to reduce disparities throughout the early care continuum. In the prehospital setting, stroke symptom recognition campaigns that have been successful in reducing prehospital delays used a multilevel approach to education, including mass media, culturally tailored community education, and professional education. The mobile stroke unit is an organizational intervention that has the potential to provide more equitable access to timely thrombolysis and thrombectomy treatments. In the hospital setting, interventions to address implicit biases among health care providers in acute stroke care decision‐making are urgently needed as part of a multifaceted approach to advance stroke equity. Implementing stroke systems of care interventions, such as evidence‐based stroke care protocols at designated stroke centers, can have a broader public health impact and may help reduce geographic, racial, and ethnic disparities in stroke care, although further research is needed. The long‐term impact of disparities in acute stroke care cannot be underestimated. The consistent trend of longer time to treatment for Black and Hispanic people experiencing stroke has direct implications on long‐term disability and independence after stroke. A learning health system model may help expedite the translation of evidence‐based interventions into clinical practice to reduce disparities in stroke care.
Treatment Modalities and Outcomes in Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: A Large Multicenter Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Lu Junlin , Li Zongze , Deng Hao , Shi Guangchao , Wang Wei , You Chao , Zhu Wei , Tian Rui 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) pose a high risk of morbidity and mortality due to recurrent hemorrhage, warranting aggressive management. However, few studies have compared the effectiveness of different treatment modalities for BSCMs. We aimed to assess the association of treatment modalities with recurrent hemorrhage and neurological outcomes in patients with BSCM.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an observational registry database covering population of southwest and southeast China. Adult patients with BSCM were included and followed up between March 1, 2011, to March 31, 2023. We compared outcomes between microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in propensity score-matched case pairs, incorporating demographic, medical history, and lesion characteristics. The outcomes studied included recurrent hemorrhage and poor prognosis (defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score, <4). Absolute rate differences and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using Cox models.

RESULTS:

Among 736 diagnosed patients with BSCM, 96 (48 matched pairs) were included after exclusions and propensity score matching (mean age, 43.1 [SD, 12.1] years; 50% women). During the median 5-year follow-up, no significant differences in recurrent hemorrhage (4.2% [microsurgery] versus 14.6% [SRS], HR, 3.90 [95% CI, 0.46–32.65];
P
=0.21) and poor prognosis (12.5% [microsurgery] versus 8.3% [SRS], HR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.08–1.08];
P
=0.07) were observed between microsurgery and SRS recipients. Furthermore, either microsurgery or SRS correlated with fewer recurrent hemorrhage (HR, 0.09 [95% CI, 0.02–0.39];
P
=0.001; HR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.07–0.69];
P
=0.01) compared with conservative treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, both microsurgery and SRS were safe and effective for BSCM, demonstrated comparable outcomes in recurrent hemorrhage and poor prognosis. However, interpretation should be cautious due to the potential for residual confounding.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2300070907.