bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons for conservation from the mistakes of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The promise and peril of big data and new communication modalities
Authors: Golding Jessie , Chmura Helen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNew datasets and information infrastructure are revolutionizing how societies respond to environmental crises, while creating novel challenges. Conservation biology can learn from other fields that have confronted crises while navigating changes in the scientific process. The COVID‐19 pandemic offers one such opportunity. We identify lessons from the use of big data and the sharing of preliminary scientific information in an increasingly “networked” communication system during the pandemic. Although big data were central to early pandemic responses, acquisition and sharing of big data alone were insufficient to produce knowledge for effective crisis response. Some shortcomings could be addressed by validating and automating processing of big data. Preliminary scientific information was widely available and shared through a broad communication infrastructure during the pandemic, contributing to widespread misinformation. Diverse actions connecting information producers and consumers could help mitigate misinformation risk. By examining pandemic lessons, conservation biologists may be better equipped to handle conservation crises.
Knowledge and attitudes on implementing cardiovascular pharmacogenomic testing
Authors: Russell Callan , Campion MaryAnn , Grove Megan E. , Matsuda Kelly , Klein Teri E. , Ashley Euan , Naik Hetanshi , Wheeler Matthew T. , Scott Stuart A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPharmacogenomics has the potential to inform drug dosing and selection, reduce adverse events, and improve medication efficacy; however, provider knowledge of pharmacogenomic testing varies across provider types and specialties. Given that many actionable pharmacogenomic genes are implicated in cardiovascular medication response variability, this study aimed to evaluate cardiology providers' knowledge and attitudes on implementing clinical pharmacogenomic testing. Sixty‐one providers responded to an online survey, including pharmacists (46%), physicians (31%), genetic counselors (15%), and nurses (8%). Most respondents (94%) reported previous genetics education; however, only 52% felt their genetics education prepared them to order a clinical pharmacogenomic test. In addition, most respondents (66%) were familiar with pharmacogenomics, with genetic counselors being most likely to be familiar (p < 0.001). Only 15% of respondents had previously ordered a clinical pharmacogenomic test and a total of 36% indicated they are likely to order a pharmacogenomic test in the future; however, the vast majority of respondents (89%) were interested in pharmacogenomic testing being incorporated into diagnostic cardiovascular genetic tests. Moreover, 84% of providers preferred pharmacogenomic panel testing compared to 16% who preferred single gene testing. Half of the providers reported being comfortable discussing pharmacogenomic results with their patients, but the majority (60%) expressed discomfort with the logistics of test ordering. Reported barriers to implementation included uncertainty about the clinical utility and difficulty choosing an appropriate test. Taken together, cardiology providers have moderate familiarity with pharmacogenomics and limited experience with test ordering; however, they are interested in incorporating pharmacogenomics into diagnostic genetic tests and ordering pharmacogenomic panels.
The combined immunohistochemical expression of AMBRA1 and SQSTM1 identifies patients with poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at risk of metastasis: A proof of concept study
Authors: Alexander Michael H. , Cousins William J. , Ewen Tom , South Andrew P. , Lovat Penny , Stefanos Niki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incidence continues to increase globally with, as of yet, an unmet need for reliable prognostic biomarkers to identify patients at increased risk of metastasis. The aim of the present study was to test the prognostic potential of the combined immunohistochemical expression of the autophagy regulatory biomarkers, AMBRA1 and SQSTM1, to identify high‐risk patient subsets.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 68 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded primary cSCCs with known 5‐year metastatic outcomes were subjected to automated immunohistochemical staining for AMBRA1 and SQSTM1. Digital images of stained slides were annotated to define four regions of interest: the normal and peritumoral epidermis, the tumor mass, and the tumor growth front. H‐score analysis was used to semi‐quantify AMBRA1 or SQSTM1 expression in each region of interest using Aperio ImageScope software, with receiver operator characteristics and Kaplan–Meier analysis used to assess prognostic potential.ResultsThe combined loss of expression of AMBRA1 in the tumor growth front and SQSTM1 in the peritumoral epidermis identified patients with poorly differentiated cSCCs at risk of metastasis (*p < 0.05).ConclusionsCollectively, these proof of concept data suggest loss of the combined expression of AMBRA1 in the cSCC growth front and SQSTM1 in the peritumoral epidermis as a putative prognostic biomarker for poorly differentiated cSCC.
Liquid biopsy‐based circulating tumour (ct)DNA analysis of a spectrum of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies yields clinically actionable results
Authors: Mata Douglas A , Lee Jessica K , Shanmugam Vignesh , Marcus Chelsea B , Schrock Alexa B , Williams Erik A , Ritterhouse Lauren L , Hickman Richard A , Janovitz Tyler , Patel Nimesh R , Kroger Benjamin R , Ross Jeffrey S , Mirza Kamran M , Oxnard Geoffrey R , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Elvin Julia A , Benhamida Jamal K , Decker Brennan , Xu Mina L 
Published: February 2024

AimsLiquid biopsy (LBx)‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can facilitate molecular profiling of haematopoietic neoplasms (HNs), particularly when tissue‐based NGS is infeasible.Methods and ResultsWe studied HN LBx samples tested with FoundationOne Liquid CDx, FoundationOne Liquid, or FoundationACT between July 2016 and March 2022. We identified 271 samples: 89 non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 43 plasma‐cell neoplasm (PCN), 41 histiocytoses, 27 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 25 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 22 myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 14 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and 10 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Among 73.4% with detectable pathogenic alterations, median maximum somatic allele frequency (MSAF) was 16.6%, with AML (36.2%), MDS (19.7%), and MPN (44.5%) having higher MSAFs than DLBCL (3.9%), NHL (8.4%), HL (1.5%), PCN (2.8%), and histiocytoses (1.8%) (P = 0.001). LBx detected characteristic alterations across HNs, including in TP53, KRAS, MYD88, and BTK in NHLs; TP53, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF in PCNs; IGH in DLBCL; TP53, ATM, and PDCD1LG2 in HL; BRAF and MAP2K1 in histiocytoses; TP53, SF3B1, DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 in MDS; JAK2 in MPNs; and FLT3, IDH2, and NPM1 in AML. Among 24 samples, the positive percent agreement by LBx was 75.7% for variants present in paired buffy coat, marrow, or tissues. Also, 75.0% of pairs exhibited alterations only present on LBx. These were predominantly subclonal (clonal fraction of 3.8%), reflecting the analytical sensitivity of LBx.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that LBx can detect relevant genomic alterations across HNs, including at low clonal fractions, suggesting a potential clinical utility for identifying residual or emerging therapy‐resistant clones that may be undetectable in site‐specific tissue biopsies.
Has the pandemic altered luxury consumption and marketing? A sectoral and thematic analysis
Authors: Hati Sri Rahayu Hijrah , Kamarulzaman Yusniza , Omar Nor Asiah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the literature available on consumer luxury consumption and the marketing of luxury products during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The Scopus database was utilized to search for research on luxury products during the pandemic. The study followed the SPAR‐4‐SLR procedure, with 59 articles analyzed using VOSviewer to provide network and density visualization. Triangulation of analysis was conducted using NVivo as the software offers rigor in the systematic literature review. The VOSviewer network and density visualization show that the analysis of the luxury industry literature can be elucidated by sectors and themes. The results indicate that the majority of the literature on luxury discussed hospitality, especially the hotel setting, followed by luxury fashion and tourism. Many sectors, such as luxury automotive, beauty, arts, and so forth were overlooked. Online landscape, branding, social responsibility, communication, sustainability, the self, and culture are the dominant themes in literature. The study sheds light on important themes, sectors, and research gaps, benefiting academic scholars and industry practitioners in understanding and navigating the challenges and opportunities in the luxury market during crises.
NK cell profiling in West Nile virus encephalitis reveals potential metabolic basis for functional inhibition
Authors: Spiteri Alanna G , Wishart Claire L , Pinget Gabriela V , Purohit Shivam K , Macia Laurence , King Nicholas JC , Niewold Paula 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important for viral defense. West Nile virus (WNV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) causes marked recruitment of bone marrow (BM)‐derived monocytes, T cells and NK cells, resulting in severe neuroinflammation and brain damage. Despite substantial numbers of NK cells in the CNS, their function and phenotype remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that NK cells mature from the BM to the brain, upregulate inhibitory receptors and show reduced cytokine production and degranulation, likely due to the increased expression of the inhibitory NK cell molecule, MHC‐I. Intriguingly, this correlated with a reduction in metabolism associated with cytotoxicity in brain‐infiltrating NK cells. Importantly, the degranulation and killing capability were restored in NK cells isolated from WNV‐infected tissue, suggesting that WNV‐induced NK cell inhibition occurs in the CNS. Overall, this work identifies a potential link between MHC‐I inhibition of NK cells and metabolic reduction of their cytotoxicity during infection.
Risk factors and clinical characteristics of surgical site infections in athletes undergoing Achilles tendon repair surgery
Authors: Guo Chenhao , Zhang Yuze , Dong Wenhan , Huang Bo , Liu Yinghai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAchilles tendon ruptures are common in athletes, requiring surgical intervention. However, the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) post‐surgery poses significant challenges. This study aims to analyse the risk factors and microbial aetiology associated with SSIs in athletes undergoing Achilles tendon repair. A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted from May 2021 to July 2023. The study included 25 patients with SSIs (case group) and 50 patients without SSIs (control group) post Achilles tendon repair surgery. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients with medically confirmed Achilles tendon ruptures who underwent surgical repair. Exclusion criteria included prior tendon pathologies and significant chronic illnesses. Diagnostic criteria for SSIs involved symptoms like elevated body temperature and localized tenderness, along with laboratory confirmations such as positive microbiological cultures. The study utilized VITEK® 2 for bacterial identification and involved statistical analyses like univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The study identified Staphylococcus aureus as the primary pathogen in SSIs. Significant risk factors included lack of prophylactic antibiotic use, presence of diabetes, open wounds and prolonged surgery duration. Univariate analysis revealed stark contrasts in these factors between infected and non‐infected groups, while multivariate analysis underscored their importance in SSI development. S. aureus emerged as the predominant pathogen in SSIs post Achilles tendon repair. Critical risk factors such as absence of prophylactic antibiotics, diabetes, open wounds and extended surgery duration play a vital role in SSIs. Addressing these factors is essential for better postoperative outcomes in Achilles tendon repair surgeries.
Depth of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Nos2‐knockout mice correlated to alterations in systemic inflammatory markers following 4NQO treatment
Authors: Santos Débora de Oliveira , Costa Anaíra Ribeiro Guedes Fonseca , Duarte Pedro Victor Silva , Pitorro Tássio Edno Atanásio , Fonseca Lúbia Cristina , Cardoso Sérgio Vitorino , de Faria Paulo Rogério , Loyola Adriano Mota 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral blood analysis is a non‐invasive and low‐cost technique of prognostic value for several diseases, including oral cancer. Considering the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in tumor‐associated inflammation, this study purposed to evaluate the influence of this enzyme on peripheral blood parameters and systemic inflammatory biomarkers during murine oral carcinogenesis.MethodsA 50 μg/mL solution of 4‐nitroquinoleine‐N‐oxide was provided to 15 C57BL/6J (Nos2+/+) and 16 B6.129P2‐Nos2tm1Lau/J (Nos2−/−) for 16 weeks. Animals were followed for 8 weeks after treatment. Blood samples and tongues were collected for hematological and histopathological analyses. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet cell parameters were analyzed. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and the systemic immune‐inflammation index were also calculated. The depth of invasion of all carcinomas was measured.ResultsDifferences were found in several blood parameters. The depth of invasion in Nos2−/− was lower than in Nos2+/+ (p = 0.009), and strong correlations were found between depth of invasion and neutrophil count (ρ = −0.68, p = 0.017), lymphocyte count (ρ = 0.72, p = 0.011), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (ρ = −0.65, p = 0.025), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (ρ = −0.73, p = 0.013), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (ρ = −0.67, p = 0.037) in Nos2−/− mice.ConclusionInducible nitric oxide synthase seems to have an important role in OSCC invasion and progression, which might be associated to alterations in immune‐inflammatory cell dynamics evidenced by peripheral blood and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.
Decoding bilingualism from resting‐state oscillatory network organization
Authors: Amoruso Lucia , García Adolfo M. , Pusil Sandra , Timofeeva Polina , Quiñones Ileana , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCan lifelong bilingualism be robustly decoded from intrinsic brain connectivity? Can we determine, using a spectrally resolved approach, the oscillatory networks that better predict dual‐language experience? We recorded resting‐state magnetoencephalographic activity in highly proficient Spanish‐Basque bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals, calculated functional connectivity at canonical frequency bands, and derived topological network properties using graph analysis. These features were fed into a machine learning classifier to establish how robustly they discriminated between the groups. The model showed excellent classification (AUC: 0.91 ± 0.12) between individuals in each group. The key drivers of classification were network strength in beta (15–30 Hz) and delta (2–4 Hz) rhythms. Further characterization of these networks revealed the involvement of temporal, cingulate, and fronto‐parietal hubs likely underpinning the language and default‐mode networks (DMNs). Complementary evidence from a correlation analysis showed that the top‐ranked features that better discriminated individuals during rest also explained interindividual variability in second language (L2) proficiency within bilinguals, further supporting the robustness of the machine learning model in capturing trait‐like markers of bilingualism. Overall, our results show that long‐term experience with an L2 can be “brain‐read” at a fine‐grained level from resting‐state oscillatory network organization, highlighting its pervasive impact, particularly within language and DMN networks.
Making way for memes in the social science classroom: How generational media preferences may impact discussions of racial inequities
Authors: Poudel Anna , Dance Lory Janelle , Marvin Sutton 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis pilot study analyzes student responses to two political cartoons which satirize racism in varying national contexts. Eight moderated focus groups viewed political cartoons then shared reactions via survey and discussion. We found that participants responded negatively to a French cartoon which they perceived endorsed racist attitudes. Participants had more positive responses to an American cartoon which they perceived to “punch up” at the racial hierarchy. A third, unanticipated set of findings relates to participants' spontaneous feedback that though they welcomed the use of popular comedy in teaching, political cartoons felt less engaging than other media formats. This left us with a new question to explore in a future second phase of our project: How can instructors consider generational differences regarding media preferences when selecting popular comedy materials for use in classroom discussions of racism? We speculate that memes, rather than political cartoons, may provide a more effective springboard for discussion. We plan to incorporate memes in the second phase of this project, a cross‐national study regarding the use of popular comedy materials as springboards to classroom discussions about racism.
Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with zoonotic pathogen occurrence in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Windsor, Ontario
Authors: Robinson Sarah J. , Pearl David L. , Himsworth Chelsea G. , Weese J. Scott , Lindsay L. Robbin , Dibernardo Antonia , Huynh Chris , Hill Janet E. , Fernando Champika , Jardine Claire M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsRat‐associated zoonotic pathogen transmission at the human–wildlife interface is a public health concern in urban environments where Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) thrive on abundant anthropogenic resources and live in close contact with humans and other animal species. To identify potential factors influencing zoonotic pathogen occurrence in rats, we investigated associations between environmental and sociodemographic factors and Leptospira interrogans and Bartonella spp. infections in rats from Windsor, Ontario, Canada, while controlling for the potential confounding effects of animal characteristics (i.e., sexual maturity and body condition).Methods and ResultsBetween November 2018 and June 2021, 252 rats were submitted by collaborating pest control professionals. Kidney and spleen samples were collected for L. interrogans and Bartonella spp. PCR and sequencing, respectively. Of the rats tested by PCR, 12.7% (32/252) were positive for L. interrogans and 16.3% (37/227) were positive for Bartonella species. Associations between infection status and environmental and sociodemographic variables of interest were assessed via mixed multivariable logistic regression models with a random intercept for social group and fixed effects to control for sexual maturity and body condition in each model. The odds of L. interrogans infection were significantly higher in rats from areas with high building density (odds ratio [OR]: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.31–10.79; p = 0.014), high human population density (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.20–9.11; p = 0.021), high proportion of buildings built in 1960 or before (OR: 11.21; 95% CI: 2.06–60.89; p = 0.005), and a moderate number of reports of uncollected garbage compared to a low number of reports (OR: 4.88; 95% CI: 1.01–23.63; p = 0.049). A negative association was observed between median household income and Bartonella spp. infection in rats (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08–0.89; p = 0.031).ConclusionsDue to the complexity of the ecology of rat‐associated zoonoses, consideration of environmental and sociodemographic factors is of critical importance to better understand the nuances of host–pathogen systems and inform how urban rat surveillance and intervention efforts should be distributed within cities.
Localization of eigenfunctions in the Dirichlet beaker
Authors: Cardone G. , Nazarov S. A. , Taskinen J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe construct the asymptotics of the eigenpairs of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator in a thin‐walled beaker and prove the localization effect for the functions near the bottom edge, a smooth closed contour, of the beaker. The main asymptotic terms are described by the eigenpairs of an ordinary differential equation on the edge and by the single eigenvalue belonging to the discrete spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian in an ‐shaped infinite waveguide. The corresponding eigenfunctions are shown to decay exponentially at some distance from the edge. Also, we find the asymptotics of eigenvalue sequences generated by planar Dirichlet problems on the bottom and walls of the limit beaker of zero thickness. Open questions related to other sequences of eigenvalues are discussed.
Costs-effectiveness and cost components of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions affecting antibiotic resistance outcomes in hospital patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Allel Kasim , Hernández-Leal María José , Naylor Nichola R , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Abou Jaoude Gerard Joseph , Bhandari Priyanka , Flanagan Ellen , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Pouwels Koen B , Yakob Laith 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionLimited information on costs and the cost-effectiveness of hospital interventions to reduce antibiotic resistance (ABR) hinder efficient resource allocation.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review for studies evaluating the costs and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at reducing, monitoring and controlling ABR in patients. Articles published until 12 December 2023 were explored using EconLit, EMBASE and PubMed. We focused on critical or high-priority bacteria, as defined by the WHO, and intervention costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we extracted unit costs, ICERs and essential study information including country, intervention, bacteria-drug combination, discount rates, type of model and outcomes. Costs were reported in 2022 US dollars ($), adopting the healthcare system perspective. Country willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds from Woodset al2016 guided cost-effectiveness assessments. We assessed the studies reporting checklist using Drummond’s method.ResultsAmong 20 958 articles, 59 (32 pharmaceutical and 27 non-pharmaceutical interventions) met the inclusion criteria. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as hygiene measures, had unit costs as low as $1 per patient, contrasting with generally higher pharmaceutical intervention costs. Several studies found that linezolid-based treatments for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuswere cost-effective compared with vancomycin (ICER up to $21 488 per treatment success, all 16 studies’ ICERs<WTP). Infection control measures such as hand hygiene and gown usage (ICER=$1160/QALY or $4949 per ABR case averted, all ICERs<WTP) and PCR or chromogenic agar screening for ABR detection were highly cost-effective (eg, ICER=$1206 and $1115 per life-year saved in Europe and the USA). Comparisons were hindered by within-study differences.ConclusionRobust information on ABR interventions is critical for efficient resource allocation. We highlight cost-effective strategies for mitigating ABR in hospitals, emphasising substantial knowledge gaps, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Our study serves as a resource for guiding future cost-effectiveness study design and analyses.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020341827 and CRD42022340064