bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of two soft manual toothbrushes with different filament designs in relation to gingival abrasion and plaque removing efficacy
Authors: Versteeg PA , Rosema NAM , Timmerman MF , Van der Velden U , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:  Objectives:  To evaluate the effect of two soft manual toothbrushes with different filament and brush head designs in relation to gingival abrasion and plaque removing efficacy to the in relation flat trimmed manual reference toothbrush of the American Dental Association (ADA).Methods:  The study had a randomized single use cross‐over model (n = 76) with three sessions whereby all brushes were used by each subject. Subjects were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h. They brushed according to split‐mouth design. Pre‐ and post‐brushing plaque and gingival abrasion were assessed.Results:  The Sensodyne® Sensitive (SENS) was more abrasive than the ADA (P < 0.001) while the Oral‐B® Sensitive Advantage® (OBSA) was less abrasive than the SENS (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the OBSA and the ADA (P = 0.319). All three brushes showed statistically significant reductions (49–56%) in plaque versus baseline. Compared to the ADA and the SENS, the OBSA had a smaller percentage of plaque removal (56% versus 49%, P ≤ 0.001; and 50% versus 52%, P = 0.028).Conclusions:  The present study which compared two soft toothbrushes showed that the OBSA caused less gingival abrasion compared to the SENS‐brush with a marginal loss (2%) of efficacy.
Toothpaste detergents: a potential source of oral soft tissue damage?
Authors: Moore C , Addy M , Moran J 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:  Objectives:  Toothpastes are thought to be of benefit to cleaning teeth but may also have the potential for soft tissue damage at least on the cellular level by inclusion of detergents in their formulation. The aim of this study was to observe the in vitro response of oral mucosa like cells to toothpaste detergents.Methods:  TERT‐1 keratinocytes were exposed to varying concentrations of the detergents Adinol, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Tego Betain and Pluronic as well as PBS and culture medium. After 2‐min exposure, cells were washed and incubated in fresh medium for 24 h. Cell death was then spectrophotmetrically measured using an MTT assay.Results:  Except for Pluronic, cell viability was markedly reduced for all detergents at all increasing concentrations when compared to the positive medium control. Cells treated with Pluronic were stimulated compared to medium alone.Conclusions:  These in vitro data suggest that some detergents may have the potential to cause soft tissue damage in the mouth. Although in vivo, saliva may neutralize such effects. The results for Pluronic suggest a possible oxidative stress response that bears further study.
The Cardiff Dental Survey: oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in relation to smoking in young adults
Authors: Hunter L , Newcombe R , Richmond S , Owens J , Addy M 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:  Objective:  To examine the relationship between tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in young adults.Study design:  Cross‐sectional (conducted in the course of a cohort study).Setting:  Cardiff, UK, 1989 and 2000.Methods:  Plaque was recorded, as was presence or absence of bleeding on probing and loss of attachment (LA). Information concerning tobacco smoking was obtained from questionnaire data.Results:  At age 19–20 years, smokers had statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher whole mouth mean plaque scores than non‐smokers. Whole mouth mean bleeding scores, however, were similar in smokers and non‐smokers. The relationship of plaque to smoking was very similar at age 30–31, yet bleeding scores were approximately 25% lower in smokers than in non‐smokers (P < 0.01). Whole mouth LA scores showed small, statistically non‐significant differences between smokers and non‐smokers. At the age of 30–31 years, gender and social class had a negligible confounding effect on oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in smokers and non‐smokers.Conclusions:  Smokers consistently demonstrated poorer oral hygiene than non‐smokers. The effect of smoking in reducing gingival bleeding was already apparent at age 19–20 years despite the fact that, at this time, subjects might be assumed to have been exposed to a relatively small dose of tobacco over a short period of time. In the follow‐up study conducted at the age of 30–31 years, the impact of smoking on the periodontal tissues was, as expected, more pronounced.
In situ enamel morphology evaluation after acidic soft drink consumption: protection factor of contemporary toothpaste
Authors: Sauro S , Mannocci F , Piemontese M , Mongiorgi R 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:  Objective:  The enamel erosion induced by acidic soft drinks is an increasingly important problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of soft drinks on enamel erosion and the protection offered by representative modern toothpastes using a new ‘in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐replica technique’.Methods:  Six patients were selected to receive in vivo enamel replicas, fabricated with a polyvinyl‐siloxane/polyether impression material. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology of enamel surface before and after exposure to lemon juice and SPRITE®. The protective effectiveness of toothpaste was further evaluated with the same method. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness of the in situ SEM‐replica technique, we compared it to a direct in vitro SEM investigation on extracted teeth.Results:  Scanning electron microscopy investigation of the in situ replicas showed severe enamel morphology alterations after acidic soft drink exposure. On the other hand, it was also showed the protective effectiveness of toothpaste in preventing enamel erosion induced by acidic soft drinks. The direct in vitro SEM investigation provided similar enamel erosion results and proved the effectiveness of the in situ SEM‐replica technique.Conclusion:  Acidic soft drinks induce enamel erosion but regular use of toothpaste might reduce the risk for enamel erosion. The in situ SEM‐replica technique provides an accurate method for tracing enamel morphology alterations and erosion induced by acidic soft drinks.
Survey of medical doctors’ attitudes and knowledge of the association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Al‐Habashneh R , Aljundi SH , Alwaeli HA 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:  Objectives:  The study was designed to assess the views and knowledge of healthcare providers in general medicine and other specialties on the association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes.Material and Methods:  Two hundred and fifty physicians practicing in northern Jordan hospitals and healthcare centers were asked to complete a questionnaire. Completed questionnaires with the answers were returned completed by 197 participants (response rate was 79%).Results:  The majority of the physicians (81%) agreed that pregnancy increases the tendency to have gingival inflammation. However, 88% of doctors advised delay dental treatment until after pregnancy. Only half (54%) thought that tooth and gums problem can affect the outcomes of pregnancy. Moreover, approximately 50% agreed with the possible association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. Altogether, 52% agreed with the statement ‘a tooth for a baby’ and 57% believed that calcium will be drawn by the developing baby. If asked to advise patient to visit dentist during pregnancy, 50% said they would do so. Moreover, the majority (68%) did not advise women planning to become pregnant to include a periodontal evaluation as part of their prenatal care. About 32% felt that periodontal disease can be treated safely during pregnancy with a procedure called scaling and root planning. Reading the information in a book, magazine or pamphlet was useful and reliable information about preterm births and periodontal disease. Physicians do not routinely advise their patient to seek dental care during pregnancy. General practitioners were less informed about oral health practices on pregnant women. Issues on training need to be addressed. A public health campaign is required to educate healthcare providers to encourage pregnant women on the need for a regular dental check‐up during and prior to attempting pregnancy.Conclusion:  There is a need to educate healthcare personnel further about oral health and pregnancy outcomes.
Patients' Evaluation of Two Occlusal Schemes for Implant Overdentures
Authors: Aarts John M. , Payne Alan G. T. , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: There is an absence of conclusive evidence for occlusal schemes in implant overdentures.Purpose: To investigate the consequences of two different occlusal schemes on levels of satisfaction for patients wearing implant overdentures.Materials and Methods: Within an existing randomized controlled clinical trial, a physiologic occlusal scheme was compared with a lingualized occlusal scheme for 18 selected participants all with implant overdentures. Nine participants had conventional maxillary complete dentures opposing mandibular 2‐implant overdentures; a further nine participants had maxillary 3‐implant overdentures opposing mandibular 2‐implant overdentures. All participants recruited had been wearing their original prostheses for 3 years with a bilateral balance occlusal scheme. The participants' existing satisfaction levels, as a baseline, were determined using visual analogue scale questionnaires. They were followed by similar assessments of two further occlusal schemes using 2‐month assessment periods. On completion of the study, the participants selected their preferred occlusal scheme and semiformal interviews were conducted to assess the rationale for their choices.Results: Baseline data showed all the participants had pre‐existing high satisfaction levels. Thereafter, of those participants that received lingualized occlusion first, 55.6% reported that the physiologic occlusion was better than lingualized occlusion. For those participants who received the physiologic occlusion first, 85.7% reported that physiologic occlusion was better than lingualized occlusion. On completion of the study, 64.7% of the participants preferred the physiologic occlusion, 35.3% preferred the lingualized occlusion. However, when the two groups' satisfaction scores were modeled using the three main key indicator questions (general satisfaction, general ability to chew, or general function), there were no significant differences between them.Conclusions: Within the limitations of a small number of participants, the majority of them still indicated a preference for a physiologic occlusion for implant overdentures. Improved function was given as the main indicator for that preference. Having implant overdentures in one or both jaws is not a formative factor in patient's opinions on occlusal schemes.
Laser‐Welded Titanium Frameworks Supported by Implants in the Partially Edentulous Mandible: A 10‐Year Comparative Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Örtorp Anders , Jemt Torsten 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Comparative long‐term knowledge of different framework materials in the partially edentulous implant patient is not available.Purpose: To report and compare 10‐year data on free‐standing implant‐supported partial prostheses with laser‐welded titanium (test) and conventional gold alloy (control) frameworks.Materials and Methods: Altogether, 52 partially edentulous patients were consecutively provided with laser‐welded prostheses (n = 60) in the partially edentulous lower jaw (test group). A control group of 52 randomly selected patients with gold alloy castings (n = 60) was used for comparison. Clinical and radiographic 10‐year data were retrospectively collected and evaluated for both groups.Results: The overall 10‐year implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) was 93.0% (loaded implants, 96.4%), with a 10‐year implant CSR of 91.5 and 94.7% for test and control implants, respectively (p > .05). Out of a total of 22 lost implants, 17 implants (77.3%) were shorter than 10 mm. The overall 10‐year prosthesis CSR was 93.7%, with a corresponding 10‐year CSR of 88.4 and 100% for test and control groups, respectively (p < .05). Average 10‐year bone loss was 0.46 mm (SD 0.47) and 0.69 mm (SD 0.53) for the test and control groups (p < .001), respectively. Only 1% of the implants had >3 mm accumulated bone loss after 10 years. Altogether, 10 of the prostheses in both groups had implant component mechanical problems (8.3%). None of the frameworks or implants fractured, but more fractures of porcelain veneers were observed in the test group (p < .05).Conclusion: The protocol of implant treatment in the partially edentulous jaw functioned well during 10 years, although prosthodontic maintenance was required. However, laser‐welded titanium frameworks presented more problems as compared with gold alloy frameworks. More loaded implants were lost (p < .05), and higher incidence of porcelain chipping was noted in the test group (p < .05). However, bone loss was on an average lower for the test group during the 10 years of follow‐up (p < .001).
Utilization of Multiple Restorative Materials in Full‐Mouth Rehabilitation: A Clinical Report
Authors: NAM JUNG , RAIGRODSKI ARIEL J. , HEINDL HARALD 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTMany different restorative materials are currently available for use in modern dentistry. Clinicians and dental technicians should be able to choose the most suitable materials for each patient based on research, anecdotal evidence, clinical experience, as well as patient's expectations and desires. The purpose of this article is to share the challenges presented in full‐mouth rehabilitation and to describe the considerations in selecting three different restorative materials to achieve a successful restoration in terms of biomechanics, function, and esthetics.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEInterdisciplinary treatment planning, knowledge of available restorative materials, sequencing treatment modalities, and adequate communication between all parties involved are key to a successful treatment outcome when pursuing full‐mouth restorative rehabilitation.
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RESTORING MANDIBULAR INCISORS WITH PORCELAIN LAMINATE VENEERS
Authors: Walter Robert D. , Raigrodski Ariel J. , Swift, Jr. Edward J. 
Published: July 2008

Porcelain laminate veneers have been proven to be a successful treatment modality for maxillary incisors in clinical practice and in controlled clinical studies. However, the data in clinical studies on the success of veneers for restoring mandibular incisors are limited. Clinically, the successful restoration of mandibular incisors with porcelain laminate veneers is one of the more challenging procedures in all of esthetic restorative dentistry. Limited coronal dimensions, the small amount of enamel available for bonding (particularly in the cervical areas), materials and techniques for the bonding procedures, and the response of the tooth–veneer complex to forces generated during the incisal loading in both functional as well as parafunctional contacts must be considered as potential sources of success or failure. This Critical Appraisal reviews three recent scientific articles to shed some light on these issues and, as in all research endeavors, leads the reader to identify additional areas of concern that might stimulate further scientific inquiry. The first publication studied predictors for enamel thickness for mandibular incisors. The second examined bonding protocols for exposed dentin and suggested immediate dentin sealing. The third paper addressed fracture behavior of mandibular incisors restored with porcelain laminate veneers in vitro.
An assessment of shore‐based counts of gray whales
Authors: Rugh David J. , Muto Marcia M. , Hobbs Roderick C. , Lerczak James A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCounts of migrating whales depend on accurate sightings data. In this study, teams of shore‐based observers independently tracked whale pods during the southbound migration of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) while a routine (“standard watch”) census was underway. A comparison of sighting records showed that time and location accuracy was limited to 45 s, 3° (magnetic) horizontally, and 0.0057° (0.2 reticles) vertically. Of 242 attempts to track whale groups, 72 failed, 120 were “good tracks,” and 83 qualified as “best tracks” because they had ≥8 sightings/pod, ≥16‐min observation time, and unequivocal matches to sightings in the standard watch during uncompromised visibility. Between paired tracking teams, 39 attempts to conduct concurrent tracks resulted in 21 “good tracks” with complete agreement in 71% of the cases. Of 133 comparisons between trackers and the standard watch, 43% of the pod‐size estimates were the same, but the standard watch overestimated 10% of the pods and underestimated 47%. Thus, according to results from tracking teams, pods recorded as size 1 by observers on the standard watch should be corrected by +0.6; pods of 2 by +0.5; pods of 3 by +0.8; and pods >3 (4–10) were overestimated and should be corrected by −0.6.
Demographics and spatio‐temporal signature of the biotoxin domoic acid in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) stranding records
Authors: Bejarano Adriana C. , Gulland Frances M. , Goldstein Tracey , St Leger Judy , Hunter Michele , Schwacke Lori H. , VanDolah Frances M. , Rowles Teri K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCalifornia sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in otherwise good nutritional condition have been consistently affected by the marine biotoxin domoic acid since the late 1990s. In this study we evaluated the temporal and spatial stranding patterns of suspected and confirmed cases of domoic acid intoxicated sea lions from 1998 to 2006, using records of strandings along the California coast obtained from members of the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network. The majority of domoic acid cases were adult females (47%–82% of the total annual domoic acid cases), a contrast to strandings that were not related to domoic acid, which were generally dominated by juveniles and pups. Exposure to this biotoxin led to a 6.67‐fold increase in adult female strandings in 2000, and a 5.44‐fold increase in adult female deaths in 2006, relative to strandings and deaths of adult female not affected by domoic acid. Domoic acid cases have occurred annually since 1998 (except for 1999) between April and August, with clusters centered primarily at Pismo Beach (San Luis Obispo County), as well as at other beaches in San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Orange, and San Diego counties. The larger ecological and population level implications of increased domoic acid strandings and deaths, particularly among adult female sea lions, warrant further attention and need to be investigated.
Differential Adaptive Response and Survival of
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Enteritidis Planktonic and Biofilm Cells Exposed to Benzalkonium Chloride
Authors: Mangalappalli-Illathu Anil K. , Vidović Sinisa , Korber Darren R. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

This study examined the adaptive response and survival of planktonic and biofilm phenotypes of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis adapted to benzalkonium chloride (BC). Planktonic cells and biofilms were continuously exposed to 1 μg ml
−1
of BC for 144 h. The proportion of BC-adapted biofilm cells able to survive a lethal BC treatment (30 μg ml
−1
) was significantly higher (4.6-fold) than that of BC-adapted planktonic cells. Similarly, there were 18.3-fold more survivors among the BC-adapted biofilm cells than among their nonadapted (i.e., without prior BC exposure) cell counterparts at the lethal BC concentration, and this value was significantly higher than the value for BC-adapted planktonic cells versus nonadapted cells (3.2-fold). A significantly higher (
P
< 0.05) proportion of surviving cells was noticed among BC-adapted biofilm cells relative to BC-adapted planktonic cells following a 10-min heat shock at 55°C. Fatty acid composition was significantly influenced by phenotype (planktonic cells or biofilm) and BC adaptation. Cell surface roughness of biofilm cells was also significantly greater (
P
< 0.05) than that of planktonic cells. Key proteins upregulated in BC-adapted planktonic and biofilm cells included CspA, TrxA, Tsf, YjgF, and a probable peroxidase, STY0440. Nine and 17 unique proteins were upregulated in BC-adapted planktonic and biofilm cells, respectively. These results suggest that enhanced biofilm-specific upregulation of 17 unique proteins, along with the increased expression of CspA, TrxA, Tsf, YjgF, and a probable peroxidase, phenotype-specific alterations in cell surface roughness, and a shift in fatty acid composition conferred enhanced survival to the BC-adapted biofilm cell population relative to their BC-adapted planktonic cell counterparts.
Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization for Hospital-Acquired Enterococcal Bacteremia: Delivering Earlier Effective Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Forrest Graeme N. , Roghmann Mary-Claire , Toombs Latoya S. , Johnson Jennifer K. , Weekes Elizabeth , Lincalis Durry P. , Venezia Richard A. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTHospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia has been associated with increased hospital costs, length of stay, and mortality. The peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) test forEnterococcus faecalisand other enterococci (EFOE) is a multicolor probe that differentiatesE. faecalisfrom other enterococcal species within 3 h directly from blood cultures demonstrating gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains (GPCPC). A quasiexperimental study was performed over two consecutive years beginning in 2005 that identified GPCPC by conventional microbiological methods, and in 2006 PNA FISH was added with a treatment algorithm developed by the antimicrobial team (AMT). The primary outcome assessed was the time from blood culture draw to the implementation of effective antimicrobial therapy before and after PNA FISH. The severity of illness, patient location, and empirical antimicrobial therapy were measured. A total of 224 patients with hospital-acquired enterococcal bacteremia were evaluated, with 129 in the preintervention period and 95 in the PNA FISH period. PNA FISH identifiedE. faecalis3 days earlier than conventional cultures (1.1 versus 4.1 days;P< 0.001). PNA FISH identifiedEnterococcus faeciuma median 2.3 days earlier (1.1 versus 3.4 days;P< 0.001) and was associated with statistically significant reductions in the time to initiating effective therapy (1.3 versus 3.1 days;P< 0.001) and decreased 30-day mortality (26% versus 45%;P= 0.04). The EFOE PNA FISH test in conjunction with an AMT treatment algorithm resulted in earlier initiation of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for patients with hospital-acquiredE. faeciumbacteremia.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of SHV-56, a Novel Inhibitor-Resistant β-Lactamase fromKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Dubois Véronique , Poirel Laurent , Demarthe François , Arpin Corinne , Coulange Laure , Minarini Luciene A. R. , Bezian Marie-Christine , Nordmann Patrice , Quentin Claudine 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTA clinical strain ofKlebsiella pneumoniaewas found to possess the chromosomal geneblaSHV-56, encoding a new inhibitor-resistant β-lactamase with a pI of 7.6. SHV-56 is derived from SHV-11 by the single substitution K234R. This mutation therefore evidences a new critical site for inhibitor resistance among SHV enzymes.