bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐Catalyzed C2C3 Bond Cleavage of Phenylpyruvate with O2: Insight into Aliphatic CC Bond‐Cleaving Dioxygenases
Authors: Paine Tapan Kanti , England Jason , Que Lawrence 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIron(II)‐phenylpyruvate complexes of tetradentate tris(6‐methyl‐2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (6‐Me3‐TPA) and tridentate benzyl bis(2‐quinolinylmethyl)amine (Bn‐BQA) were prepared to gain insight into CC bond cleavage catalyzed by dioxygenase enzymes. The complexes we have prepared and characterized are [Fe(6‐Me3‐tpa)(prv)][BPh4] (1), [Fe2(6‐Me3‐tpa)2(pp)][(BPh4)2] (2), and [Fe2(6‐Me3‐tpa)2(2′‐NO2‐pp)][(BPh4)2] (3), [Fe(6‐Me3‐tpa)(pp‐Me)][BPh4] (4), [Fe(6‐Me3‐tpa)(CN‐pp‐Et)][BPh4] (5), and [Fe(Bn‐bqa)(pp)] (8), in which PRV is pyruvate, PP is the enolate form of phenylpyruvate, 2′‐NO2‐PP is the enolate form of 2′‐nitrophenylpyruvate, PP‐Me is the enolate form of methyl phenylpyruvate, and CN‐PP‐Et is the enolate form of ethyl‐3‐cyanophenylpyruvate. The structures of mononuclear complexes 1 and 5 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both the PRV ligand in 1 and the CN‐PP‐Et ligand in 5 bind to the iron(II) center in a bidentate manner and form 5‐membered chelate rings, but the α‐keto moiety is in the enolate form in 5 with concomitant loss of a CHβ proton. The PP ligands of 2, 3, 4, and 8 react with dioxygen to form benzaldehyde and oxalate products, which indicates that the C2C3 PP bond is cleaved, in contrast to cleavage of the C1C2 bond previously observed for complexes that do not contain α‐ketocarboxylate ligands in the enolate form. These reactions serve as models for metal‐containing dioxygenase enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of aliphatic CC bonds.
Efficacy and safety of bortezomib in patients with plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Musto Pellegrino , Rossini Fausto , Gay Francesca , Pitini Vincenzo , Guglielmelli Tommasina , D'Arena Giovanni , Ferrara Felicetto , Filardi Nunzio , Guariglia Roberto , Palumbo Antonio ,   for the GISMM, GISL, and GIMEMA Cooperative Groups, Italy
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The prognosis of patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL), an aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM), is usually poor. Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced MM. Currently available information regarding the role of bortezomib in PCL is scanty and derives from anecdotal, single–case reports.METHODS.The authors conducted a retrospective survey of unselected Italian patients with primary or secondary PCL who were treated with bortezomib outside of clinical trials. Twelve evaluable patients were recorded who had received bortezomib for 1 to 6 cycles as either a single agent or variously combined with other drugs. Three patients were treated with bortezomib as frontline therapy, and 9 patients received bortezomib after 1 to 4 lines of chemotherapy, including autologous stem cell transplantation and thalidomide.RESULTS.According to the International uniform response criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group, 5 partial responses (defined as a reduction in M‐protein of >50%), 4 very good partial responses (defined as a reduction of >90% in M‐protein), and 2 complete responses (defined as negative immunofixation) were achieved, for a response rate of 92%. Responses did not appear to be influenced by previous treatments or by other clinical or biologic parameters, including chromosome 13 deletion or the combination of bortezomib with other drugs. The median progression‐free and overall survivals after bortezomib were 8 months and 12 months, respectively. At the time of last follow–up, 8 patients were alive 6 to 21 months after treatment with bortezomib, 4 of whom were in very good partial or complete responses. Grade 3/4 hematologic or neurologic toxicities (graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE; version 3]) were reported to occur in 9 patients and 1 patient, respectively, whereas 6 patients experienced possible or documented infections.CONCLUSIONS.Bortezomib appears to be an effective drug for PCL that could significantly improve the usually adverse clinical outcome of these patients. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Achievement of long‐term local control in patients with craniopharyngiomas using high precision stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Combs Stephanie E. , Thilmann Christoph , Huber Peter E. , Hoess Angelika , Debus Jürgen , Schulz‐Ertner Daniela 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The long‐term outcome in patients with craniopharyngiomas treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) was evaluated.METHODS.A total of 40 patients with craniopharyngiomas were treated between May 1989 and July 2006 with FSRT. Most patients were treated for tumor progression after surgery. A median target dose of 52.2 grays (Gy) (range, 50.4–56 Gy) was applied in a median conventional fractionation of 5 × 1.8 Gy per week. Follow‐up examinations included thorough clinical assessment as well as contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans.RESULTS.After a median follow‐up of 98 months (range, 3–326 months), local control was 100% at both 5 years and 10 years. Overall survival rates at 5 years and 10 years were 97% and 89%, respectively. A complete response was observed in 4 patients and partial responses were noted in 25 patients. Eleven patients presented with stable disease during follow‐up. Acute toxicity was mild in all patients. Long‐term toxicity included enlargement of cysts requiring drainage 3 months after FSRT. No visual impairment, radionecrosis, or development of secondary malignancies were observed.CONCLUSIONS.The long‐term outcome of FSRT for craniopharyngiomas is excellent with regard to local control as well as treatment‐related side effects. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Insulin VNTR I/III genotype is associated with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rajasalu T. , Haller K. , Salur L. , Kisand K. , Tillmann V. , Schlosser M. , Uibo R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundIn type 1 diabetes (T1D), the influence of age at diagnosis and of the IDDM1 and IDDM2 genetic susceptibility loci on the profile of β‐cell autoantibodies has been demonstrated. We studied these associations in a group of 92 patients (children, adolescents and adults, aged 2–62 years) with newly diagnosed T1D.MethodsThe prevalence of the HLA‐DQB1*02 and *0302 alleles and of the classes of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the insulin gene (INS), and of β‐cell autoantibodies (GADA, IA‐2A, ICA and IAA) was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using linear and logistic regression models.ResultsThe presence of IAA, IA‐2A and ICA, but not of GADA, was negatively associated with age at diagnosis. Younger patients were more likely to have multiple autoantibodies. There was a tendency of a higher prevalence of IAA in patients with the HLA‐DQB1*02/0302 genotype or with the DQB1*0302 allele compared to patients lacking these markers. As a novel observation, the INS VNTR I/III genotype was significantly associated with the presence of GADA (OR = 4.79; p = 0.018).ConclusionThe association between the INS VNTR I/III genotype and GADA may suggest that in patients with T1D lacking the INS VNTR I/I genotype, the effect of other susceptibility factors prevails, which promotes the development of autoimmunity to β‐cell antigens other than insulin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Synthesis of Iridabenzenes by the Coupling of Iridacyclopentadienes and Olefins
Authors: Paneque Margarita , Poveda Manuel L. , Rendón Nuria , Álvarez Eleuterio , Carmona Ernesto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe iridacyclopentadiene [(TpMe2)Ir{C1(R)=C(R)C(R)=C4(R)}(H2O)(Ir–C4)] (1; R = CO2Me) reacts with propene at 60 °C to give the iridabenzene [(TpMe2)Ir{C1(Et)C(R)C(R)C(R)C5(R)}(H)(Ir–C5)] (6), which also contains a hydride ligand, as the main product, accompanied by complexes 7 and 8 derived from the insertion of propene into the Ir–C bonds of 1. In contrast, the closely related metallacycle [(TpMe2)Ir{C1(R)=C(H)C(R)=C4(R)}(H2O)(Ir–C4)] (1‐H) gives the iridabenzene [(TpMe2)Ir{C1(Me)C(R)C(H)C(R)C5(R)}(Me)(Ir–C5)] (13), which contains an iridium‐bonded methyl group, upon treatment with propene at 20 °C. The proposed mechanism for the formation of metallabenzenes 6 and 13 postulates Ir–propene → Ir=CHEt or Ir–propene → Ir=CMe2 isomerisations, followed by insertion of the alkylidene ligand into an Ir–C(R) bond (regioselective for 1‐H) and α‐H or α‐Me elimination from the resulting alkyliridium moiety. At 25 °C, neat acetonitrile induces stereoselective hydride migration onto both the Ir[pb2]C bonds of 6 to give a kinetic mixture (6:1 ratio) of the isomeric adducts [(TpMe2)Ir{C1H(Et)C(R)=C(R)C(R)=C5(R)}(MeCN)(Ir–C5)] (9) and [(TpMe2)Ir{C1H(R)C(R)=C(R)C(R)=C5(Et)}(MeCN)(Ir–C5)] (10), with the latter being the thermodynamically preferred product. In contrast, complex 13 is stable in acetonitrile up to 100 °C, where it mainly experiences ring fragmentation to give the iridacyclopentadiene 1‐H as its MeCN adduct. All new compounds have been fully characterised by microanalysis and spectroscopy. Additionally, the solid‐state structures of 5, 6 and 13 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Prof. Dr‐Ing. Dr‐Ing. E.h. Joachim Hagenauer on occasion of his 65th birthday
Authors: Huber Johannes , Eberspächer Jörg 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe following nine contributions are dedicated to Prof. Dr‐Ing. Dr‐Ing. E.h. Joachim Hagenauer, who was the Head of the Institute for Communications Engineering at the Munich University of Technology from April 1993 to September 2006. Among the authors are 22 Ph.D. students of Prof. Hagenauer. This editorial provides a brief overview on his enormous contributions to science around Applied Information Theory so far. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real exchange rates may have nonlinear trends
Authors: Cushman David O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe unit root null is tested against possible nonlinear‐trend stationarity for 13 US and German bilateral real exchange rates over the floating exchange rate period. Eight tests specified with nonlinear trends are applied. Simulations are used to determine individual and joint significance levels and to help interpret the results. Unit roots can be rejected for a number of the exchange rates, and nonlinear‐trend stationarity appears more plausible than mean or linear‐trend stationarity as the alternative. In several cases, estimates of the trends support the nonlinear‐trend conclusion with statistical and economic significance. Thus, purchasing power parity is probably violated, but real exchange rates have meaningful long‐run equilibrium values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Still‐face and separation effects on depressed mother‐infant interactions
Authors: Field Tiffany , Hernandez‐Reif Maria , Diego Miguel , Feijo Larissa , Vera Yanexy , Gil Karla , Sanders Chris 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMaternal emotional and physical unavailability have differential effects on infant interaction behavior as noted in a study by Field, Vega‐Lahr, Scafidi, and Goldstein (1986). In that study, four‐month‐old infants experienced their mother's still face and a brief separation from the mother. Spontaneous interactions preceded and followed these to serve as baseline and reunion episodes. Although the infants became more negative and agitated during both conditions, the still face elicited more stressful behaviors. The present study replicated the Field et al. (1986) study but also compared infants of depressed and infants of nondepressed mothers. The infants of depressed versus those of nondepressed mothers were less interactive during the spontaneous interactions, as were their mothers, and they showed less distress behaviors during the still‐face condition. During the “return to spontaneous interaction” following the still‐face condition, they were also less interactive, as evidenced by fewer positive as well as fewer negative behaviors. Their mothers were also less active. The nondepressed mothers and infants were extremely active, as if trying to reinstate the initial spontaneous interaction. Minimal change occurred during the separation condition except that both groups of infants vocalized less than they had during the spontaneous interaction. During the reunion following the separation period, the infants of depressed versus nondepressed mothers were paradoxically more active, although their mothers continued to be less interactive.
In vitro biological effects of sodium titanate materials
Authors: Davis R. R. , Lockwood P. E. , Hobbs D. T. , Messer R. L. W. , Price R. J. , Lewis J. B. , Wataha J. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMonosodium titanate (MST) particles effectively bind specific metals and are therefore promising compounds for delivery or sequestration of metals in biological contexts. Yet, the biological properties of MST are largely unexplored. Our previous study showed that the cytotoxicity of these compounds was mild, but the nature of the dose response curves suggested that residual titanates in culture may have interfered with the assay. In the current study, we assessed the importance of these artifacts, and extended our previous results using fibroblasts for biological evaluation. We also assessed the biological response to a new type of titanate (referred to as amorphous peroxo‐titanate or APT) that shows more promising metal binding properties than MST. Methods: The degree of titanate‐induced interference in the MTT (mitochondrial activity assay) was estimated by means of cell‐free assays with and without a final centrifugation step to remove residual titanate particulate. Cytotoxic responses to titanates were assessed by measuring succinate dehydrogenase activity (by MTT) in THP1 monocytes or L929 fibroblasts after 24–72 h exposures. Monocytic activation by APT was assessed by TNFα secretion (ELISA) from monocytes with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. Results: We confirmed that residual titanate particulates may alter the SDH activity assay, but that this effect is eliminated by adding a final centrifugation step to the standard MTT procedure. Addition of MST or APT at concentrations up to 100 mg/L altered succinate dehydrogenase activity by < 25% in both monocytes and fibroblasts. Fibroblasts displayed time‐dependent adaptation to the MST. APT did not trigger TNFα secretion or modulate LPS‐induced TNFα secretion from monocytes. Conclusions: Although further in vitro and in vivo assessment is needed, MST and APT exhibit biological properties that are promising for their use as agents to sequester or deliver metals in biological systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
The TGFβ/Smad 3‐signaling pathway is involved in butyrate‐mediated vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐expression
Authors: Daniel Carolin , Schroder Oliver , Zahn Nadine , Gaschott Tanja , Steinhilber Dieter , Stein Jurgen M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPreviously, we demonstrated the pivotal role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mediating the butyrate‐induced differentiation in colon cancer cells. Smad 3, a downstream component of transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) signaling, has been shown to act as a coactivator of VDR and to possibly regulate the vitamin D signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrate a distinct impact of the TGFβ/Smad 3‐signaling pathway in the butyrate‐mediated VDR expression and induction of differentiation. Butyrate treatment resulted in a significant induction of the phosphorylation level of Smad 3, while the combination of butyrate and a specific TGFβ1‐antibody or a TGFβ‐receptor inhibitor considerably diminished the butyrate‐induced upregulation of VDR expression. Using a specific inhibitor, we were also able to demonstrate an involvement of the p38 MAPK in the increase of Smad 3 phosphorylation following butyrate treatment, thus opening the view to further elucidate possible mechanisms mediating the upregulation of VDR expression following butyrate treatment in colon cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1420–1431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New type B colorableS(2, 4,v) designs
Authors: Forbes A. D. , Grannell M. J. , Griggs T. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnS(2, 4,v) design has a type B χ‐coloring if it is possible to assign one of χ colors to each point such that each block contains three points of one color and one point of a different color, and all χ colors are used. In this article we describe the constructions of type B χ‐colorableS(2, 4,v)s for (v, χ) = (61, 3), (100, 2) and (109, 3), and we give a new general construction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 357–368, 2007
A result on extendibility in the powers of graphs
Authors: Shavo Kara Walcher 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLet G be a graph on p vertices. Then for a positive integer n, G is said to be n‐extendible if (i) n < p/2, (ii) G has a set of n independent edges, and (iii) every such set is contained in a perfect matching of G. The purpose of this article is to show that if G2k is n‐extendible, for some k ∈ ℕ, then so is G2k+1, where Gq is the graph with the same vertex set as G and in which two vertices u and v are adjacent if and only if dG(u,v) ≤ q. We will also show that if Gk is 1‐extendible then so is Gk+1. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 1–22, 2007
Universal graphs with a forbidden near‐path or 2‐bouquet
Authors: Cherlin Gregory , Tallgren Lasse 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe consider the problem of the existence of universal countable C‐free graphs with C a connected finite graph. For C a tree arising by from a path by adjunction of one additional edge we show that a universal countable C‐free graph exists. We determine precisely the 2‐bouquets C (i.e., unions of two complete graphs with jost one point in common) for which a universal countable C‐free graph exists. We lay out some elements of a program for determining all the connected finite graphs C for which a countable universal C‐free graph exists. One element of this program is the Tree Conjecture, which is now proved [2]. Our methods involve a mixture of model theory and combinatorics, with the Δ‐system lemma playing a significant role. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 41–63, 2007
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a lipophilic, fluorine‐18‐labeled 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine derivative
Authors: Chitneni Satish K. , De Ruymaeker Tom , Balzarini Jan , Verbruggen Alfons M. , Bormans Guy M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a lipophilic, fluorine‐18‐labeled 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine derivative [18F]‐3 is described. Initially, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine 5 was synthesized by coupling trimethylsilyl protected acetylene to 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine 4, followed by deprotection in alkaline conditions. Compound 5 was then reacted with 4‐(4′‐iodophenyl)phenol to give 5‐[4(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine 6. Compound 6 was reacted with BrCH2CHF as alkylating agent to give stable or radiolabeled 3. The crude products were purified using reversed phase‐high performance liquid chromatography to obtain compound 3 and [18F]‐3 in 33 and 7.4% yield (decay corrected), respectively. The synthesis time to obtain pure [18F]‐3 was about 60 min (starting from BrCH2CHF). The specific radioactivity of the tracer was between 74 and 222 GBq/µmol. The log P7.4 of [18F]‐3 was found to be 2.4. However, biodistribution study in normal mice showed low uptake of the tracer in the brain. The affinity of compounds 6 and 3 for varicella‐zoster virus thymidine kinase enzyme (VZV‐TK) was examined in vitro and the results revealed that the fluorinated analog 3 has a poor affinity for the enzyme in contrast to the phenol precursor 6. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the enteropneust Ptychodera flava: Ciliary bands and nervous system
Authors: Nielsen Claus , Hay‐Schmidt Anders 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRipe specimens of Ptychodera flava were collected at Paiko Peninsula, Oahu, Hawaii, USA, and the development from egg to tornaria larva was followed in the laboratory. To complete the series, large tornaria larvae were collected from the plankton off the nearby Ala Moana Beach, and followed through metamorphosis to a juvenile stage with four pairs of gill slits. Ciliary band development was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the development of the serotonergic nervous system was followed by means of immunostaining. The development of the apical tuft and neotroch (circumoral/perioral ciliary band) and their subsequent degeneration accorded fully with previous descriptions. A perianal ciliary ring of separate cilia develops just after hatching. This later develops a midventral extension, the neurotroch, extending to the neotroch posterior to the mouth. The cilia of this ring apparently beat diaplectically, with the effective stroke in the clockwise direction when seen from behind. An additional ring of cilia develops several days later anterior to the perianal ring. This opisthotroch (called telotroch by previous authors) consists at first of separate cilia, but later they became organized as large compound cilia. The apical tuft disappears after about a week, the neotroch degenerates at the transition to the Agassiz stage, and the opisthotroch degenerates just after metamorphosis. The serotonergic nervous system of the fully grown tornaria consists of an apical ganglion with many perikarya, a paired lateral group of perikarya on the postoral ciliary band, and scattered perikarya along the opisthotroch. Serotonergic processes are found along the ciliary bands except for the ventral and perianal ciliary bands and are scattered along the epidermis. At the Spengel stage and at metamorphosis (Agassiz stage), the processes along the ciliary bands are concentrated in the three ciliated food grooves so as to form three separate nerves, and are retained on the proboscis at least until 2–3 gill slit stage. No serotonergic processes were found to extend from the proboscis to the collar region, and no serotonergic neurons were observed in the collar cord or in the ventral nerve cord. Our results therefore do not provide any clues as to the origin of the chordate neural tube relative to the dorsal‐ventral orientation of the enteropneusts. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.