bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography versus automated perimetry for follow‐up of optic neuritis
Authors: Noval Susana , Contreras Inés , Rebolleda Gema , Muñoz‐Negrete Francisco J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for follow‐up of optic neuritis (ON) compared with subjective visual function tests.Methods:  Twelve patients with ON underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation at initial diagnosis, including best corrected visual acuity (VA), visual fields testing and OCT examination. These examinations were repeated periodically over 6 months. Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness evolution was analysed and correlated with VA and visual field mean deviation.Results:  Six months after ON, mean RNFL in the affected eye decreased significantly compared with that in the fellow eye (24.54%). A significant correlation was found between RNFL thinning and final VA (r = 0.807, p = 0.005), with a 1‐line drop in VA for every 5.4‐µm decrease. All patients with an altered visual field had an abnormal RNFL value; of the seven patients with normal visual fields, 57% had an abnormal RNFL value (p < 5%).Conclusions:  Optical coherence tomography can detect axonal damage as early as the third month after an isolated initial episode of ON, even in the presence of normal visual fields. Mean RNFL thinning is correlated with final VA.
Use of amniotic membrane as an adjuvant in refractory glaucoma
Authors: Drolsum Liv , Willoch Christian , Nicolaissen Bjørn 
Published: August 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the results after amnion‐shielded trabeculectomy with concomitant use of mitomycin C.Methods:  The study comprised patients with severely refractory glaucomas who had previously undergone two or more regular trabeculectomies with mitomycin C and, in one case, cyclodestructive cryotherapy. The patients were admitted for surgery between May 2003 and May 2004. Trabeculectomy was performed through a limbus‐based incision in nine eyes of nine patients. Cryopreserved human amniotic membranes obtained from our biobank were impregnated with 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin C and washed for 2 mins in balanced salt solution. One membrane was sutured to the scleral surface and partly positioned under the scleral flap, and another was secured to subconjunctival tissue.Results:  The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 32.2 mmHg (range 22–44 mmHg). After a follow‐up of 6–18 months (mean 9.8 months), the mean IOP was 16.4 mmHg (range 11–26 mmHg). The mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced from 2.4 preoperatively to 1.4 postoperatively. There were no devastating complications.Conclusions:  Amnion‐shielded trabeculectomy is a procedure that should be evaluated as an option in refractory glaucoma.
Retinal pigment epithelium changes after photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in pathological myopia
Authors: Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Da Pozzo Stefano , Ravalico Giuseppe 
Published: August 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in eyes with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with pathological myopia (PM).Methods:  We carried out an open‐label, prospective, interventional case series including 26 patients affected by subfoveal CNV in PM who underwent PDT with a 12‐month follow‐up. Particular attention was paid to the detection of changes at the RPE level in the areas exposed to the laser compared with baseline conditions.Results:  The median age of the patients was 58.5 years and the median duration of symptoms was 2 weeks. A pigmentary zone was present before PDT in 20 eyes (77%), incompletely encircling the CNV in all but two of the 20 eyes. At the end of the follow‐up, the CNV in all eyes was seen to be completely or incompletely encircled by a band of hyperpigmentation, which was surrounded by RPE alterations, including depigmentation in all cases and atrophic changes in 14 eyes.Conclusions:  After PDT, alterations in the RPE develop in myopic eyes. These include accentuation of the pigmentary zone surrounding the CNV and progressive atrophic changes. Further studies are needed to correlate post‐PDT RPE damage with longterm visual outcome.
Fcγ receptor polymorphisms and periodontal status: a prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Wolf D. L. , Neiderud A. M. , Hinckley K. , Dahlén G. , Van De Winkel J. G. J. , Papapanou P. N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAims: The aims of this study were to assess: (i) the distribution of Fcγ receptor polymorphisms among patients with chronic periodontitis (“cases”) and control subjects with no/minimal loss of periodontal tissue support in a Caucasian population; (ii) whether these polymorphisms can serve as severity markers for periodontitis; and (iii) whether they have any bearing on the response to periodontal therapy.Methods: The study sample consisted of 132 cases and 73 controls of comparable age and gender. Full‐mouth periodontal status was assessed. Subgingival plaque (PL) samples and blood samples were obtained and analysed with respect to 19 bacterial species and homologous serum immunoglobulin G titres. Polymorphisms in the Fcγ receptor IIa (131R/H) and IIIb (NA1/NA2) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Patients underwent periodontal therapy and were followed up at 4 and 30 months.Results: Neither polymorphism showed a skewed distribution among cases and controls. At baseline, periodontitis patients with Fcγ RIIa‐H/H131 genotype had more PL and deeper pockets than patients in other genotype groups (p<0.05). Both bacterial levels and antibody titres were unrelated to genotype. The longitudinal analysis failed to detect an association between genotype and response to periodontal therapy.Conclusions: The present data failed to demonstrate a clinically relevant relationship between the Fcγ receptor IIa (131R/H) or IIIb (NA1/NA2) polymorphism and periodontal status.
Pre‐term delivery and periodontal disease: a case–control study from Croatia
Authors: Bošnjak Andrija , Relja Tomislav , Vučićević‐Boras Vanja , Plasaj Hrvoje , Plančak Darije 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAim: The aim of this report was to assess the strength and influence of periodontitis as a possible risk factor for pre‐term birth (PTB) in a cohort of 81 primiparous Croatian mothers aged 18–39 years.Methods: PTB cases (n=17; mean age 25±2.9 years; age range 20–33 years) were defined as spontaneous delivery after less than 37 completed weeks of gestation that were followed by spontaneous labour or spontaneous rupture of membranes. Controls (full‐time births) were normal births at or after 37 weeks of gestation (n=64; mean age 25±2.9 years; age range 19–39 years). Information on known risk factors and obstetric factors included the current pregnancy history, maternal age at delivery, pre‐natal care, nutritional status, tobacco use, alcohol use, genitourinary infections, vaginosis, gestational age, and birth weight. Full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed on all mothers within 2 days of delivery.Results: PTB cases had significantly worse periodontal status than controls (p=0.008). Multivariate logistic regression model, after controlling for other risk factors, demonstrated that periodontal disease is a significant independent risk factor for PTB, with an adjusted odds ratio of 8.13 for the PTB group (95% confidence interval 2.73–45.9).Conclusion: Periodontal disease represents a strong, independent, and clinically significant risk factor for PTB in the studied cohort. There are strong indicators that periodontal therapy should form a part of preventive prenatal care in Croatia.
Estrogen and alendronate therapies may prevent the influence of estrogen deficiency on the tooth‐supporting alveolar bone: a histometric study in rats
Authors: Duarte P. M. , Gonçalves P. , Casati M. Z. , De Toledo S. , Sallum E. A. , Nociti F. H. 
Published: August 2006

Background and Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate histometrically the influence of estrogen deficiency, and its therapies, on the quality of the tooth‐supporting alveolar bone.Material and Methods:  Seventy‐three female rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group 1 (n = 15), sham surgery; group 2 (n = 15), bilateral ovariectomy (OVX); group 3 (n = 14), OVX plus calcitonin (16 IU/kg); group 4 (n = 14), OVX plus estrogen (20 µg/kg); and group 5 (n = 15), OVX plus alendronate (5 mg/kg). Eighty days after surgery, the animals were killed and their mandibles were removed and processed for histology. Bone density (BD) in the furcation area of the first mandibular molar (i.e. the percentage of demineralized bone tissue in a 1,000 µm zone under the furcation) was histometrically obtained.Results:  Data analysis demonstrated that estrogen deficiency negatively affected the tooth‐supporting bone density (79.45% ± 4.22 and 55.23% ± 6.45, for groups 1 and 2, respectively), and that estradiol and alendronate therapies prevented this effect (61.67% ± 6.87, 78.09% ± 3.12 and 81.47% ± 4.58, for groups 3, 4 and 5, respectively).Conclusion:  Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the density of tooth‐supporting bone is affected by estrogen deficiency, and that estradiol and alendronate therapies, but not calcitonin, provide protection against this effect.
Location of putative stem cells in human periodontal ligament
Authors: Chen S. C. , Marino V. , Gronthos S. , Bartold P. M. 
Published: August 2006

Background and Objective:  The origin of cells in the mature periodontium, and the location of their progenitors, are still unknown. It is also unknown whether inflammation influences the number and distribution of these cells within the periodontium. Molecules such as STRO‐1, CD146 and CD44 have been identified on a variety of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to identify and localize putative stem cells in diseased and healthy human periodontal ligament using cell‐surface markers for mesenchymal stem cells.Material and Methods:  Healthy and periodontitis‐affected teeth were collected, fixed in 10% neutral‐buffered formalin, decalcified and embedded in paraffin in preparation for immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against STRO‐1, CD146 and CD44 were used to identify putative stem cells in the periodontal ligament.Results:  Putative stem cells were identified in both healthy and diseased periodontal ligament. They were mainly located in the paravascular region and small clusters of cells were also found in the extravascular region. Wider distributions of these cells were detected in sections of diseased ligament.Conclusion:  Within the periodontal ligament of both healthy and diseased teeth, cells have been identified consistent with their identification as putative stem cells. The presence of an inflammatory reaction associated with periodontitis may enhance the number of these cells.
Cytokine production in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Kita M. , Oseko F. , Nakamura T. , Imanishi J. , Kanamura N. 
Published: August 2006

Background and Objective:  Although some functions and characterizations of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells have been reported, the role of hPDL cells in periodontal disease is poorly understood. We have previously reported that hPDL cells produce many kinds of inflammatory cytokines by stimulation with Prevotella intermedia. In this study, we examined the production of cytokines in hPDL cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis as compared with P. intermedia.Material and Methods:  hPDL cells cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagles's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics. After three to four passages, hPDL cells were stimulated with P. intermedia (ATCC25601) or P. gingivalis (ATCC33277) for 24 h. Total RNA was extracted by ISOGEN and the expression of cytokine mRNA was determined using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Cytokines in the culture supernatants were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  The expression of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA was detected in hPDL cells after stimulation with P. gingivalis as well as P. intermedia. There were no significant differences in the kind of cytokines expressed in hPDL cells between P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. However, P. gingivalis induced a significantly higher production of cytokines in hPDL cells than P. intermedia (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  This study demonstrated that hPDL cells produce many kinds of cytokines as a result of bacterial stimulation, including stimulation with P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. These results suggest that hPDL cells may play a role in cytokine production in periodontal disease.
Incidence of Noncarious Cervical Lesions and Their Relation to the Presence of Wear Facets
Authors: Telles Daniel , Pegoraro Luiz Fernando , Pereira José carlos 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTProblem:  Noncarious cervical lesions are characterized by loss of tooth structure in the cervical area, compromising its integrity and resulting in esthetic problems for the patient.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to assess noncarious cervical lesions in young patients in an attempt to establish a possible relationship to the presence of wear facets.Materials and Methods:  First‐year dental students of Bauru Dental School were studied to verify the prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions and their relationship to the presence of wear facets. After 3 years, the students were examined again to verify the incidence of new lesions, trying to establish a correlation to the previous existence of wear facets.Results:  Of the 1,131 teeth analyzed, 129 had noncarious cervical lesions. Twenty‐nine of the 40 students had at least one tooth with one lesion. After 3 years, the incidence of new lesions was 57. Mandibular first molars (22.3%), mandibular first premolars (13.2%), mandibular second premolars (13.2%), and maxillary first molars (12.4%) showed the highest prevalence of lesions. On final analysis, 86.8% of all teeth presenting lesions showed wear facets. The identification of new lesions associated with the presence of wear facets identified during the first exam 3 years earlier was statistically significant (p < 0.01).Conclusions:  The patterns of wear facets found in the study population examined were associated with an increased occurrence of noncarious cervical lesions.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEOcclusal factors, especially the presence of wear facets, should be considered in the management of noncarious cervical lesions.
Correlation between Facial Measurements and the Mesiodistal Width of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Gomes Vanderlei Luiz , Gonçalves Luiz Carlos , Do Prado Célio jesus , Junior Itamar Lopes , De Lima Lucas Bárbara 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTOne of the most difficult aspects during the selection of maxillary anterior teeth for a removable prosthesis is determining the appropriate mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth. Many attempts have been made to establish methods of estimating the combined width of these anterior teeth, and improving the esthetic outcome. The proportion of facial structures and the relationship between facial measurements and natural teeth could be used as a guide in selecting denture teeth. The aim of this study was to verify the relation between the combined mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth and the facial segments: the width of the eyes, the inner canthal distance (ICD), the interpupillary distance (IPD), the interalar width, and the intercommissural width (ICm). Standardized digital images of 81 dentate Brazilian subjects were used to measure both facial and oral segments when viewed from the frontal aspect through an image processing program. To measure the distance between the upper canines on a curve, accurate casts were made from the upper right first premolar to the upper left first premolar. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was conducted to measure the strength of the associations between the variables (α =0.05). The results showed a significant correlation between all facial elements and the combined mesiodistal width of the six teeth, when observed from the frontal aspect. The ICD, IPD, and ICm showed the highest probability of being correlated to the mesiodistal width of the teeth (p=0.000).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis article considers facial analysis with digital photography as a practical and efficient application to select the mesiodistal width of artificial anterior teeth in an esthetically pleasing and natural appearance during an oral rehabilitation treatment.
Remineralization Potential of a Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide Whitening Gel
Authors: Gladwell Jason , Simmons Darrin , Wright J. timothy 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose:  Little knowledge exists regarding the potential remineralizing benefits of adding fluoride to carbamide peroxide‐based whitening gels. The aim of this project was to evaluate whether a whitening system with fluoride will remineralize previously demineralized enamel.Materials and Methods:  Twenty‐four extracted teeth were sectioned into quadrants labeled A to D. Tooth quadrants in groups A, B, and D were demineralized with a lactic acid, methyl‐cellulose gel system to mimic incipient carious lesions. Group C was neither demineralized nor treated. Group D was demineralized, but not treated with a whitening gel. Groups A and B were exposed to one of two commercially prepared 10% carbamide peroxide whitening gels: one that was fluo‐ride free (group A) and one that contained fluoride (0.463%NaF) (group B). Remineralization was evaluated histologically and analyzed statistically using paired t tests accepting p < 0.05 as significant.Results:  Shade comparisons showed equal whitening efficacy of both gel A and B. Paired t tests show a significant reduction in lesion depth after treatment with the fluoride containing gel (B: mean lesion depth=100 μm; p < 0.01), while there was no difference for the gel lacking fluoride (A: mean lesion depth=110 μm).Conclusion:  Under the conditions of this study, the addition of fluoride to a tooth whitening system does not affect the gel’s whitening efficacy. The addition of fluoride could provide remineralization properties to the gel. As tooth whitening therapies continue to grow and evolve, a strong focus should rest on improving these materials in ways that will provide ever greater patient benefits. Coupling the esthetic benefits of whitening with the preventive benefits of fluoride is a natural step in this direction.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCETherapuetic quantities of fluoride can impact remineralization properties of commercially available tooth whitening gels without altering whitening properties.
Accuracy of LED and Halogen Radiometers Using Different Light Sources
Authors: Roberts Howard W. , Vandewalle Kraig S. , Berzins David W. , Charlton David G. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose:  To determine the accuracy of commercially available, handheld light‐emitting diode (LED) and halogen‐based radiometers using LED and quartz‐tungsten‐halogen (QTH) curing lights with light guides of various diameters.Methods:  The irradiance of an LED curing light (L.E.Demetron 1, SDS/Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) and a QTH curing light (Optilux 501, SDS/Kerr) were measured using multiple units of an LED (Demetron L.E.D. Radiometer, SDS/Kerr) and a halogen radiometer (Demetron 100, SDS/Kerr) and compared with each other and to a laboratory‐grade power meter (control). Measurements were made using five light guides with distal light guide diameters of 4, 7, 8, 10, and 12.5 mm. For each light guide, five readings were made with each of three radiometers of each radiometer type. Data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance/Tukey; α=0.05.Results:  In general, both handheld radiometer types exhibited significantly different irradiance readings compared with the control meter. Additionally, readings between radiometer types were found to differ slightly, but were correlated. In general, the LED radiometer provided slightly lower irradiance readings than the halogen radiometer, irrespective of light source. With both types of handheld radiometers, the use of the larger‐diameter light guides tended to overestimate the irradiance values as seen in the control, while smaller‐diameter light guides tended to underestimate.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe evaluated LED or halogen handheld radiometers may be used interchangeably to determine the irradiance of both LED and QTH visible‐light‐curing units. Measured differences between the two radiometer types were small and probably not clinically significant. However, the diameter of light guides may affect the accuracy of the radiometers, with larger‐diameter light guides overestimating and smaller‐diameter guides underestimating the irradiance value measured by the control instrument.
Inclusion of novel bacteria in rumen microbiology: Need for basic and applied science
Authors: KOBAYASHI Yasuo 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTRumen microbiology has made a significant contribution to the understanding of ruminant nutrition. However, further progress in research has been hindered by the incomplete analysis of the rumen microbiota comprised of bacteria, protozoa and fungi, most of which remain uncharacterized due to the difficulties in their isolation and cultivation. In order to maximize rumen fiber digestion, it is necessary to understand the community structure of rumen microbes, especially bacteria, and the factors that influence their composition. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques allow the analysis of such bacteria without cultivation, thereby identifying many functional, but uncultured, bacteria as new targets for basic and applied research. Specific uncultured bacterial groups are being considered as important members of a fibrolytic consortium in the rumen, judging by their ecologic distribution. The inclusion of such uncharacterized bacteria in analyses is crucial for understanding the rumen microbial community and its manipulation. In addition, these bacteria could potentially be candidates as probiotics and sources of enzymes for animal feed and other industrial uses.
Social behavior in laboratory rats: Applications for psycho‐neuroethology studies
Authors: YAMAMURO Yutaka 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe social behavior in laboratory animals occurs in conspecific groups. In the past two decades, the physiological basis of the social behavior in laboratory rats has been gradually elucidated through various neural approaches. In addition, the relevance of social related behavior for psycho‐neuroethology studies has been extensively proposed. An analysis of social recognition behavior of new conspecifics is a useful approach for the study of memory without aversive alternatives such as fear, pain and anxiety. Furthermore, it is considered that artificial or experimental social isolation can induce altered emotional states in laboratory rats. This article reviews the past findings regarding social behavior and aspects of its expression, and discusses further possibilities for animal models of human neuro‐psychiatric disorders.