bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality parameters and lipid composition of oil extracted from spent coffee grounds: A promising alternative to vegetable oils used for consumption and cosmetic purposes
Authors: Sakouhi Faouzi , Saadi Chaima , Omrani Ikbel , Boukhchina Sadok , Solana Raquel Rodriguez 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoffee grounds are the most commonly generated daily waste in the world, raising numerous questions regarding their proper management and their environmental impact. The present study focuses on the physical and chemical characterization of oil extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCG), with the aim of valorizing this by‐product as a potential source for oil production. The results obtained from the analysis of SCG oil were also compared to those of some edible oils (soybean, corn, and sunflower oils) and cosmetic oils (lentisc, sweet almond, and castor oils). The results revealed that spent coffee waste yielded an important amount of oil, specifically 17.19%, as compared to corn (4.31%) and soybean (19.52%) seeds. Regarding the fatty acids composition of SCG oil, eight components were identified, with a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for more than 45% of total fatty acids. The phytosterols composition of SCG oil revealed the presence of seven components, with β‐sitosterol being the predominant one. The tocopherol analysis showed that SCG oil contained only α and β isomers, with β‐tocopherol being the dominant form at over 68%. These findings accentuate the potential of spent coffee waste as a promising alternative for oil production and open up new applications for SCG oil, such as in the food industry, pharmaceutical applications, and cosmetics.Practical Application: Given the significant increase in the demand for vegetable oils, the oil industry has recently begun to explore new plant matrices, particularly those having low costs. SCG are the most commonly generated daily by‐product in the world. The present investigation aims to characterize and valorize the oil extracted from SCG. The obtained results revealed the potential of SCG as a promising alternative for oil production. Consequently, valorizing spent coffee waste as a natural by‐product for oil production can be an ideal solution to address numerous issues related to its proper management and its environmental impact. Hence, the oil industry can promote spent coffee waste, cheapest by‐products, as a promising alternative for oil production. Moreover, the present investigation represents a commendable model of the circular economy since the remaining waste obtained after extracting lipids from the coffee grounds waste can be used as natural fertilizer rich in protein for plant development.
Applicability of soil‐type index for shear wave velocity‐based liquefaction assessment
Authors: Ecemis Nurhan , Monkul Mehmet Murat , Orucu Murat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current simplified liquefaction assessment method based on the shear‐wave velocity, Vs has uncertainties about how the fine contents change the Vs‐based liquefaction resistance. According to the simplified method, for a given Vs, the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) increases with an increase in fine contents. However, field investigations recently revealed that for various silty sands, the correlation between CRR and Vs is soil‐type index dependent and not specific for all sand‐silt mixtures with the same fine contents. Therefore, a detailed experimental research program is performed in this study to clarify the effect of the soil‐type index on the shear wave velocity and CRR correlation. In the first part of the present study, the cyclic resistance of sand mixed with non‐plastic (NP) fines (dry weight of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 35%) was investigated using cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests. Seismic cone penetration (SCPT) tests were performed inside the large‐scale box to facilitate normalized cone penetration resistance (qc1N) and shear wave velocity measurements on the soils used in the CDSS tests. A new correlation was proposed between the qc1N and normalized shear wave velocity (Vs1) using the soil‐type index Ic representing the behavior of soil. Then, CRR‐Vs1 correlation was obtained experimentally for four distinct ranges of soil‐type index. Finally, the results of this study and the proposed CRR‐Vs1 trends in other investigations were used to discuss the soil‐type dependent Vs‐based liquefaction susceptibility zones.
Simplified state‐dependent seismic fragility assessment
Authors: Orlacchio Mabel , Baltzopoulos Georgios , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarthquakes are clustered in time and space; therefore, structures may be subjected to multiple consecutive instances of potentially damaging shaking, with insufficient in‐between time for repair operations to take place. Methodologies to evaluate the risk dynamics in this situation require vulnerability models that are able to capture the transitions between damage states, from the intact conditions to failure, due to multiple damaging earthquakes, that is, state‐dependent fragility curves. One of the state‐of‐the‐art methods for the assessment of structure‐specific state‐dependent fragility curves relies on a variant of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), which is often termed back‐to‐back or B2B‐IDA. The computational costs typically involved in B2B‐IDA motivate attempts to simplify the evaluation of state‐dependent fragility curves. This paper presents a simplified method for multi‐story moment‐resisting frame structures, based on pushover analysis in conjunction with a predictive model for the main features of a damaged structural system, such as residual deformations and loss of stiffness and/or strength. The predictive model enables the probabilistic definition of the post‐earthquake pushover curve of a damaged structural system, given the displacement demand imposed by a preceding damaging shock. The state‐dependent fragility curves are then evaluated via IDA of single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators based on these pushover curves. Illustrative applications validate the ability of the proposed methodology to provide state‐dependent fragilities with reduced computational costs compared to the back‐to‐back IDA method.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with oldest older age bipolar disorder in a global sample: Results from the global aging and geriatric experiments in bipolar disorder project
Authors: Chen Peijun , Sajatovic Martha , Briggs Farren B. S. , Mulsant Benoit , Dols Annemiek A. , Gildengers Ariel , Yala Joy , Beunders Alexandra J. M. , Blumberg Hilary P. , Rej Soham , Forlenza Orestes V. , Jimenez Esther , Schouws Sigfried , Orhan Melis , Sutherland Ashley N. , Vieta Eduard , Tsai Shangying , Sarna Kaylee , Eyler Lisa T. ,   the GAGE‐BD Investigators
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectsStudies of older age bipolar disorder (OABD) have mostly focused on “younger old” individuals. Little is known about the oldest OABD (OOABD) individuals aged ≥70 years old. The Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE‐BD) project provides an opportunity to evaluate the OOABD group to understand their characteristics compared to younger groups.MethodsWe conducted cross‐sectional analyses of the GAGE‐BD database, an integrated, harmonized dataset from 19 international studies. We compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of those aged <50 (YABD, n = 184), 50–69 (OABD, n = 881), and ≥70 (OOABD, n = 304). To standardize the comparisons between age categories and all characteristics, we used multinomial logistic regression models with age category as the dependent variable, with each characteristic as the independent variable, and clustering of standard errors to account for the correlation between observations from each of the studies.ResultsOOABD and OABD had lower severity of manic symptoms (Mean YMRS = 3.3, 3.8 respectively) than YABD (YMRS = 7.6), and lower depressive symptoms (% of absent = 65.4%, and 59.5% respectively) than YABD (18.3%). OOABD and OABD had higher physical burden than YABD, especially in the cardiovascular domain (prevalence = 65% in OOABD, 41% in OABD and 17% in YABD); OOABD had the highest prevalence (56%) in the musculoskeletal domain (significantly differed from 39% in OABD and 31% in YABD which didn't differ from each other). Overall, OOABD had significant cumulative physical burden in numbers of domains (mean = 4) compared to both OABD (mean = 2) and YABD (mean = 1). OOABD had the lowest rates of suicidal thoughts (10%), which significantly differed from YABD (26%) though didn't differ from OABD (21%). Functional status was higher in both OOABD (GAF = 63) and OABD (GAF = 64), though only OABD had significantly higher function than YABD (GAF = 59).ConclusionsOOABD have unique features, suggesting that (1) OOABD individuals may be easier to manage psychiatrically, but require more attention to comorbid physical conditions; (2) OOABD is a survivor cohort associated with resilience despite high medical burden, warranting both qualitative and quantitative methods to better understand how to advance clinical care and ways to age successfully with BD.
Hidden Ethical Challenges in Health Data Infrastructure
Authors: Contaxis Nicole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractData infrastructure includes the bureaucratic, technical, and social mechanisms that assist in actions like data management, analysis, storage, and sharing. While issues like data sharing have been addressed in depth in bioethical literature, data infrastructure presents its own ethical considerations, apart from the actions (such as data sharing and data analysis) that it enables. This essay outlines some of these considerations—namely, the ethics of efficiency, the visibility of infrastructure, the power of standards, and the impact of new technologies—in order to invite the bioethics community to participate in conversations about infrastructure, as their expertise is both needed and welcomed.
Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap for the laryngopharyngectomy defect
Authors: Kinkhabwala Corin M. , Amin Julian , Rist Tyler , Vaitaitis Vilija J. , Skoner Judith M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPartial or total laryngopharyngectomy defects have traditionally been reconstructed using the radial forearm, anterolateral thigh, or jejunal free flaps. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap (LDMFF) is an option for high‐risk patients with complex laryngopharyngeal ± cutaneous neck defects.MethodsRetrospective single‐surgeon case series from 2017 to 2022. Outcomes were assessed at both the back donor site and head and neck.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were identified. Flap survival was 100%. There was 1 (4.2%) pharyngocutaneous fistula and 2 (8.3%) tracheo‐esophageal peristomal fistulas. At last follow‐up, 17 (71%) were sustaining weight on oral intake, and 7 (29%) were G‐tube dependent with 4 of these able to do some type of oral intake. Seven (29.2%) had post‐operative stricture/stenosis requiring dilation. There were only minor donor site complications, all managed conservatively.ConclusionsThe LDMFF can be a robust reconstructive option, particularly for radiated high‐risk patients with complex pharyngeal defects, including skin.
Evolution and variation in amide aminoacyl‐tRNA synthesis
Authors: Lewis Alexander M. , Fallon Trevor , Dittemore Georgia A. , Sheppard Kelly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe amide proteogenic amino acids, asparagine and glutamine, are two of the twenty amino acids used in translation by all known life. The aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases for asparagine and glutamine, asparaginyl‐tRNA synthetase and glutaminyl tRNA synthetase, evolved after the split in the last universal common ancestor of modern organisms. Before that split, life used two‐step indirect pathways to synthesize asparagine and glutamine on their cognate tRNAs to form the aminoacyl‐tRNA used in translation. These two‐step pathways were retained throughout much of the bacterial and archaeal domains of life and eukaryotic organelles. The indirect routes use non‐discriminating aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (non‐discriminating aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase and non‐discriminating glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase) to misaminoacylate the tRNA. The misaminoacylated tRNA formed is then transamidated into the amide aminoacyl‐tRNA used in protein synthesis by tRNA‐dependent amidotransferases (GatCAB and GatDE). The enzymes and tRNAs involved assemble into complexes known as transamidosomes to help maintain translational fidelity. These pathways have evolved to meet the varied cellular needs across a diverse set of organisms, leading to significant variation. In certain bacteria, the indirect pathways may provide a means to adapt to cellular stress by reducing the fidelity of protein synthesis. The retention of these indirect pathways versus acquisition of asparaginyl‐tRNA synthetase and glutaminyl tRNA synthetase in lineages likely involves a complex interplay of the competing uses of glutamine and asparagine beyond translation, energetic costs, co‐evolution between enzymes and tRNA, and involvement in stress response that await further investigation.
Somatostatin in the Treatment of a Pancreatic Pseudocyst in a Child
Authors: Bosman‐Vermeeren J. M. , Veereman‐Wauters G. , Broos P. , Eggermont E. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryPancreatic pseudocyst is a know complication of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic trauma. The treatment of pancreatitis remains a challenge and the pancreatic pseudocyst is often approached surgically. Lately, the use of somatostatin and its long‐acting analogue octreotide have proved useful in the treatment of pancreatitis and its complications in adults. This is the first report on the use of somatostatin in the treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst in a child. We present the case of a posttraumatic pancreatic pseudocyst in a 10‐year‐old boy, regressing rapidly under somatostatin treatment, by which means surgical re‐intervention could be avoided.
A Curable Cause of Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo‐Obstruction in Children: Idiopathic Myositis of the Small Intestine
Authors: Giniès Jean‐Louis , François Henri , Joseph Marie‐Geneviève , Champion Gérard , Coupris Lionel , Limal Jean‐Marie 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe report an intestinal pseudo‐obstruction syndrome occurring in a 6‐month‐old infant girl suffering from acquired major and persistent abdominal distension, which 2 months later required ileostomy. Histologic examination of samples of the small intestine showed considerable inflammatory reaction in the muscular layers of the intestinal wall. Steroid therapy, begun as soon as the histologic results were known, resulted in recovery. In a similar case, reported previously, steroid therapy used after the lesions had already caused fibrosis and atrophy of the intestinal wall, proved ineffective. This particular form of pseudo‐obstruction is classified as “idiopathic myositis of the small intestine.” It is important to identify the condition because an early course of steroid therapy, before the appearance of fibrotic lesions, could improve the prognosis.
Inhibition of β‐Glucuronidase by Casein Hydrolysate Formula
Authors: Gourley Glenn R. , Kreamer Bill L. , Cohnen Monika 
Published: February 2024

Background:A casein hydrolysate infant formula has been shown to be associated with lower levels of neonatal jaundice than are standard infant formulas. Because β‐glucuronidase is related to neonatal jaundice, this study examined the effect of a casein hydrolysate formula on β‐glucuronidase.Methods:β‐glucuronidase activity was measured with or without added dietary components. The β‐glucuronidase sources used were meconium, breast milk, and the purified bovine liver enzyme. The dietary components assayed for their effect on β‐glucuronidase activity included casein hydrolysate formula (Nutramigen), whey‐predominant formula (Enfamil), breast milk, enzymatically hydrolyzed casein, and other constituents of the casein hydrolysate formula. Stool samples of 6‐day‐old infants, who were exclusively fed one of the two formulas or breast milk, were also assayed for inhibition of β‐glucuronidase.Results:Only Nutramigen, enzymatically hydrolyzed casein, and stool from Nutramigen‐fed infants consistently demonstrated significant inhibition of β‐glucuronidase activity, ranging from 45% to 85% of that in controls. The inhibition of β‐glucuronidase in purified bovine liver demonstrates a dose response in a pH range from 4 to 7.3.Conclusions:Hydrolyzed casein contains a β‐glucuronidase inhibitor that, in casein hydrolysate‐fed infants, persists after passage through the digestive tract. These data are consistent with the possibility that inhibition of β‐glucuronidase is a mechanism by which infants fed casein hydrolysate have lower jaundice levels than infants fed routine formulas or breast milk. Further study of this mechanism is needed.
Bound Iron Admixture Prevents the Spontaneous Generation of Peroxides in Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions
Authors: Lavoie Jean‐Claude , Chessex Philippe 
Published: February 2024

Background:Parenteral administration of iron is a matter of controversy because it is feared that it could contribute to oxidative reactions. The aim of this study was to verify if iron‐dextran participates in the redox reactions occurring in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions.Methods:Irondextran was compared with different forms of iron in the interaction with peroxides. Hydroperoxide levels were measured by a colorimetric technique in TPN solutions, in presence of varying sources (FeCl2, FeSO4, irondextran, iron sorbitol) and concentrations (0‐0.8 mM) of iron. The consumption and inhibition of peroxide generation were tested by analyzing the effect of iron on different sources of peroxides (H2O2, tert‐butyl and cumen hydroperoxide). The free radicals produced under conditions of a Fenton‐like reaction were measured by the oxidation of scopoletin. And the proportion of Fe3+ freed by both bound‐iron sources was counted by measuring the masking effect on the thiol function of cysteine.Results:Free‐iron admixture to parenteral nutrition induces the formation of free radicals, whereas sources of bound‐iron inhibit the generation of peroxides in parenteral nutrition without implying a Fenton‐like reaction.Conclusion:For patients requiring iron supplementation, bound‐iron should be added during the preparation of TPN solutions, because it protects against the spontaneous generation of peroxides.
Growth Hormone and Glutamine Do Not Stimulate Intestinal Adaptation Following Massive Small Bowel Resection in the Rat
Authors: Vanderhoof Jon A. , Kollman Kathryn A. , Griffin Scott , Adrian Thomas E. 
Published: February 2024

Background:Certain nutrients and other trophic factors are highly sensitive stimulants of intestinal adaptation following short bowel syndrome. Growth hormone and glutamine in a modified diet have been shown to enhance nutrient absorption in patients with severe short bowel syndrome. However, neither growth hormone nor glutamine is capable of enhancing adaptation in an animal model. This study was conducted to determine if the combination of glutamine and growth hormone could enhance gut adaptation following massive small bowel resection in the rat.Methods:Thirty‐four male rats received 70% jejunoileal resections. The first group received glycine and rat growth hormone, the second glutamine and rat growth hormone, and the third glycine but no growth hormone.Results:There was no evidence that the combination of glutamine and growth hormone could enhance mucosal mass, mucosal protein, or mucosal DNA levels relative to the other two control groups of animals. Likewise, sucrase activities were not enhanced by glutamine and growth hormone.Conclusion:It is unlikely that the combination of glutamine and growth hormone will be of benefit in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome. The results in previous human studies can be alternatively explained by the long‐term nonspecific effect of enteral nutrition on gut adaptation.
Effect of Octreotide on Gastrointestinal Motility in Children with Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lucanto Cristina , Flores Alejandro F. , Idries Shaheen , Hyman Paul E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:The somatostatin analogue octreotide has been proposed as a possible therapeutic agent in patients with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. This study was conducted to study the effects of 0.5 µg/kg and 1.0 µg/kg subcutaneous octreotide on antroduodenal motility in children with chronic gastrointestinal disorders.Methods:Twenty‐three children were studied, eight with intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, six with nonulcer dyspepsia, six with gastroesophageal reflux disease, and three with intractable constipation. After recording fasting motility for more than 4 hours, the children were randomized to receive 0.5 µg/kg or 1 µg/kg of subcutaneous octreotide. Motility was recorded for another hour after feeding in 12 children.Results:Phase III of the motor migrating complex was present in 13 of 23 children before and in 21 after octreotide (p < 0.02). All phase III episodes after administration of octreotide except one originated in the small intestine. Phase IIIs after octreotide were longer and were propagated faster than the spontaneous phase IIIs. There were no antral contractions during fasting after octreotide. There was a significant decrease in phase II intestinal motor activity in the hour after administration of octreotide (p < 0.001). There was no difference in effect between the two doses. After feeding, antral contractions were present in all children, and intestinal phase IIIs were not abolished.Conclusions:In children with chronic bowel disorders, subcutaneous octreotide induced phase IIIs that differed from spontaneous phase IIIs and were not inhibited by meals. Octreotide decreased antral motility during fasting and inhibited intestinal phase II. Feeding abolished the inhibitory effect of octreotide on antral motility.
Fecal Microflora in Healthy Infants Born by Different Methods of Delivery: Permanent Changes in Intestinal Flora After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Grölund Minna‐Maija , Lehtonen Olli‐Pekka , Eerola Erkki , Kero Pentti 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Newborn infants in modern maternity hospitals are subject to numerous factors that affect normal intestinal colonization‐for example, cesarean delivery and antimicrobial agents. To study the duration of the effect of external factors on intestinal colonization, two groups of infants with different delivery methods were investigated.Methods:The fecal flora of 64 healthy infants was studied prospectively. Thirty‐four infants were delivered vaginally, and 30 by cesarean birth with antibiotic prophylaxis administered to their mothers before the delivery. The fecal flora was cultured on nonselective and selective media in infants 3 to 5, 10, 30, 60, and 180 days of age. Gastrointestinal signs were recorded daily by the mothers for 2 months.Results:The fecal colonization of infants born by cesarean delivery was delayed. Bifidobacterium‐like bacteria and Lactobacillus‐like bacteria colonization rates reached the rates of vaginally delivered infants at 1 month and 10 days, respectively. Infants born by cesarean delivery were significantly less often colonized with bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group than were vaginally delivered infants: At 6 months the rates were 36% and 76%, respectively (p = 0.009). The occurrence of gastrointestinal signs did not differ between the study groups.Conclusions:This study shows for the first time that the primary gut flora in infants born by cesarean delivery may be disturbed for up to 6 months after the birth. The clinical relevance of these changes in unknown, and even longer follow‐up is needed to establish how long‐lasting these alterations of the primary gut flora can be.