bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDUCTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF LOCAL (SIMPLE) CALCERGY IN GRANULATION TISSUE IN THE RAT BY LEAD ACETATE INJECTION INTO POLYURETHANE SPONGES
Authors: Hirsch RS , McClure J , Vernon‐Roberts B 
Published: August 2007

SummaryGranulation tissue was allowed to grow into polyurethane sponges implanted subcutaneously in rats for 14 days prior to injection of saline (control) or lead acetate (PbAc) into the sponge centres. The reaction was studied for 21 days post‐injection utilising sponge dry weight gain, histology and electron microscopy. Five hours after PhAc injection, calcification was demonstrable within the central tissue‐free portion of the sponges. Calcification in granulation tissue was associated with collagen fibres and elicited a macrophage and multinucleated giant cell reaction. Mast cells were not found within sponges. Hydroxyapatile deposition was associated with an increase in sponge weight compared with controls. The injection of PbAc elicited calcification in granulation tissue in the same time scale reported for calcergy in mature connective tissue and the phenomenon of calcergy does not require the presence of collagen fibres or mast cells in its early stages.
LECTINS FROM INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIAN WILDFLOWERS—DETECTION OF LECTINS FROM BAUHINIA CARRONII, HARDENBERGIA COMPTONIANA, PTILOTIS OBOVATUS AND RHADOGIA CRASSIFOLIA
Authors: Flower RLP , Wilcox GE , Chugg V , Neal JR 
Published: August 2007

SummaryExtracts from 21 indigenous Australian plant species, representing eight genera, were tested for haemagglutinating activity to human and animal erythrocytes. Extracts from Bauhinia carronii, Hardenbergia comptoniana, Ptilotis obovatus and Rhadogia crassifolia agglutinated at least one of the erythrocyte types tested. The extracts from B. carronii and R. crassifolia contained mitogens for human lymphocytes. Both the haemagglutinating and mitogenic activity of the B. carronii extract were inhibited by lactose. Both the haemagglutinating and mitogenic activity of R. crassifolia were inhibited by maltose and α‐methyl‐glucoside. The haemagglutinating activity of H. comptoniana was inhibited by raffinose and the haemagglutinating activity of P. obovatus by maltose and α‐methylglucoside.
Protein kinase A increases the binding affinity and the Ca2+ release activity of the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 3 in RINm5F cells
Authors: Chaloux Benoit , Caron Annabelle Z. , Guillemette Gaétan 
Published: August 2007

Background information. In endocrine cells, IP3R (inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor), a ligand‐gated Ca2+ channel, plays an important role in the control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. There are three subtypes of IP3R that are distributed differentially among cell types. RINm5F cells express almost exclusively the IP3R‐3 subtype. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PKA (protein kinase A) on the activity of IP3R‐3 in RINm5F cells.Results. We show that immunoprecipitated IP3R‐3 is a good substrate for PKA. Using a back‐phosphorylation approach, we show that endogenous PKA phosphorylates IP3R‐3 in intact RINm5F cells. [3H]IP3 (inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate) binding affinity and IP3‐induced Ca2+ release activity were enhanced in permeabilized cells that were pre‐treated with forskolin or PKA. The PKA‐induced enhancement of IP3R‐3 activity was also observed in intact RINm5F cells stimulated with carbachol and epidermal growth factor, two agonists that use different receptor types to activate phospholipase C.Conclusion. The results of the present study reveal a converging step where the cAMP and the Ca2+ signalling systems act co‐operatively in endocrine cell responses to external stimuli.
First-Time Fathers’ Study: Psychological Distress in Expectant Fathers During Pregnancy
Authors: Boyce Philip , Condon John , Barton Jodi , Corkindale Carolyn 
Published: August 2007

Objective: High levels of distress have previously been reported among expectant fathers, with the level of distress for new fathers falling after the birth and during the first year of their infants’ lives. The aim of the present study was to report on the associations with the fathers’ initial high levels of distress. Method: The men completed a series of questionnaires on various aspects of their psychological functioning at a baseline assessment when their partners were in the late first trimester of their pregnancy. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was the key measure of psychological distress for the present study. Men scoring >5 on the GHQ were considered to be cases of distress. The cases and non-cases were contrasted on the baseline psychosocial measures. Results: A total of 312 men completed the questionnaires, of whom 18.6% were designated as cases. GHQ caseness was associated with high levels of symptoms on other measures of psychological distress, higher levels of alcohol consumption, poorer quality of their current intimate relationship, poorer social support, a lower quality of life, high levels of neuroticism and the use of immature ego defences. Multiple regression analysis identified the key variables associated with psychological distress to be high levels of neuroticism, dissatisfaction with social support and an excess number of additional life events. Conclusions: Psychological distress among expectant fathers is associated with a range of psychological variables, particularly poor marital relationship and poor social networks. This is consistent with a general vulnerability model for psychological distress. Fathers who had insufficient information about pregnancy and childbirth were also at risk of being distressed, suggesting that more attention needs to be paid to providing information to men about their partner's pregnancy, childbirth and issues relating to caring for a newborn infant.
Mirtazapine for Anorexia Nervosa with Depression
Authors: Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei Nik , Daud Tuti Iryani Mohd. , Abdul Rahman Fairuz Nazri , Baharudin Azlin 
Published: August 2007

Objective: To report the use of Mirtazapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa with depression primarily regarding its propensity for weight gain. Method: We present an outpatient case report of anorexia nervosa with depression. The patient's subsequent progress was recorded. Results: The patient gained 2.5 kg within 3 months to eventually attain a body mass index of 15 after 5 months. Her depression achieved full remission at 6 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Mirtazapine is the choice medication in this case. However, treating depression requires caution, given these patients’ physical vulnerability. Controlled trials of Mirtazapine for anorexia nervosa are needed.
DNA reference alignment benchmarks based on tertiary structure of encoded proteins
Authors: Carroll Hyrum , Beckstead Wesley , O'Connor Timothy , Ebbert Mark , Clement Mark , Snell Quinn , McClellan David 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMotivation: Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are at the heart of bioinformatics analysis. Recently, a number of multiple protein sequence alignment benchmarks (i.e. BAliBASE, OXBench, PREFAB and SMART) have been released to evaluate new and existing MSA applications. These databases have been well received by researchers and help to quantitatively evaluate MSA programs on protein sequences. Unfortunately, analogous DNA benchmarks are not available, making evaluation of MSA programs difficult for DNA sequences.Results: This work presents the first known multiple DNA sequence alignment benchmarks that are (1) comprised of protein-coding portions of DNA (2) based on biological features such as the tertiary structure of encoded proteins. These reference DNA databases contain a total of 3545 alignments, comprising of 68 581 sequences. Two versions of the database are available: mdsa_100s and mdsa_all. The mdsa_100s version contains the alignments of the data sets that TBLASTN found 100% sequence identity for each sequence. The mdsa_all version includes all hits with an E-value score above the threshold of 0.001. A primary use of these databases is to benchmark the performance of MSA applications on DNA data sets. The first such case study is included in the Supplementary Material.Availability: The databases, further details and the Supplementary Material are publicly available at http://csl.cs.byu.edu/mdsas/http://csl.cs.byu.edu/mdsas/Contact: hyrumdc@gmail.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Matter of Interest: Diplomatic Protection and State ResponsibilityErga Omnes
Authors: Vermeer-Künzli Annemarieke 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInternational law recognizes two mechanisms for the protection of individuals in case of violations of peremptory norms affecting individuals: invocation of State responsibilityerga omnesand diplomatic protection. While they share some fields of applications and are both based on some measure of indirect injury, there are important differences between these two mechanisms. This paper analyses and discusses these differences and similarities, and concludes by demonstrating that the essential distinction is to be found in the legal interest in the claim and the nature of the claim. The traditional conditions for the bringing of a claim based on indirect injury that are applicable to diplomatic protection (exhaustion of local remedies and nationality of claims) are not applicable to invocation of responsibilityerga omnes. This paper will argue that the latter is based on an obligation owed to the community as a whole, including the claimant State, and therefore constitutes a direct claim. In the interest of enhancing protection of individuals against violations of peremptory norms, the simultaneous existence of these two mechanisms should be welcomed.
IV.ProsecutorvThomas Lubanga, Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court, 29 January 2007
Authors: Barker J Craig , Happold Matthew 
Published: August 2007

On 29 January 2007, Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court (the ICC) handed down its decision confirming the charges brought against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, the first defendant to appear before the Court. In this and earlier decisions in the case, the Chamber has said a number of interesting things about the admissibility of cases before the Court, the elements of the war crime of child recruitment and the modes of liability under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (the Rome Statute).140More generally, however, the Chamber's actions also say much about the role the judges of the ICC see themselves as undertaking in the Court's proceedings.Thomas Lubanga is a national of the Democratic Republic of Congo (the DRC). He describes himself as a politician. It is alleged that from its foundation in 2000 he has been the leader of theUnion des patriots congolais(the UPC) and commander-in-chief of its military wing, theForces patriotiques pour la liberation du Congo(the FPLC). From mid-2002 to the end of 2003, the FPLC was engaged in fighting in the region of Ituri in the DRC. During the conflict, the UPC/FPLC is alleged to have committed numerous atrocities, including the widespread recruitment of children into its ranks.141The DRC had become a party to the Rome Statute on 11 April 2002 and, accordingly, the Statute entered into force for it on 1 July 2002, the date of the Court's establishment. Following strong hints from the Prosecutor,142on 19 April 2004 the President of the DRC referrred to the Court ‘the situation of crimes within the juris- diction of the Court allegedly committed anywhere in the territory of the DRC since the entry into force of the Rome Statute’.143On 23 June 2004, the Prosecutor opened an investigation into the situation, the ICC's first.144On 19 March 2005, Lubanga was arrested and detained by the DRC authorities, and charged with genocide, crimes against humanity, murder, illegal detention and torture in relation to crimes alleged committed between May 2003 and February 2005. On 17 March 2006, Lubanga was transferred from Congolese custody to that of the ICC.
Hydrophobicity, Solubility, and Emulsifying Properties of Enzyme‐Modified Rice Endosperm Protein
Authors: Paraman Ilankovan , Hettiarachchy N. S. , Schaefer Christian , Beck Markus I. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTRice endosperm protein was modified to enhance solubility and emulsifying properties by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum degree of hydrolysis (DH) was determined for acid, neutral, and alkaline type proteases. Solubility and emulsifying properties of the hydrolysates were compared and correlated with DH and surface hydrophobicity. DH was positively associated with solubility of resulting protein hydrolysate regardless of the hydrolyzing enzyme, but enzyme specificity and DH interactively determined the emulsifying properties of the protein hydrolysate. The optimum DH was 6–10% for good emulsifying properties of rice protein, depending on enzyme specificity. High hydrophobic and sulfhydryl disulfide (SH‐SS) interactions contributed to protein insolubility even at high DH. The exposure of buried hydrophobic regions of protein that accompanied high‐temperature enzyme inactivation promoted aggregation and cross‐linking of partially hydrolyzed proteins, thus decreasing the solubility and emulsifying properties of the resulting hydrolysate. Due to the highly insoluble nature of rice protein, surface hydrophobicity was not a reliable indicator for predicting protein solubility and emulsifying properties. Solubility and molecular flexibility are the essential factors in achieving good emulsifying properties of rice endosperm protein isolates.
Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Properties of Gluten‐Free Sourdoughs, Batters, and Quality and Ultrastructure of Gluten‐Free Bread
Authors: Moore M. M. , Juga B. , Schober T. J. , Arendt E. K. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to test whether sourdough could improve quality and delay staling of gluten‐free (GF) bread. Three strains of lactic acid bacteria used were Lactobacillus plantarum 2115KW, L. plantarum FST 1.11, and L. sanfranciscensis TMW 1.52, and these were subsequently compared with nonacidified control and chemically acidified sourdoughs, batters, and GF breads. Bread characteristics such as pH, total titratable acidity, and crumb hardness (five‐day storage) were evaluated. Extrusion (texture analyzer) measurements showed that the sourdoughs became significantly softer during 24 hr of fermentation (P < 0.001). Both LP 2115KW and LP FST 1.11 strains grew better and produced more acid than LS 1.52. Confocal laser‐scanning microscopy also revealed a breakdown in the structure of the sourdoughs over time. Crumb hardness increased significantly for all breads (P < 0.05). After five days of storage, two strains yielded significantly softer bread than the nonacidified control (P < 0.05). This was in distinct contrast to the chemically acidified control that at day 5 was significantly firmer than all other breads (P < 0.05). It was concluded that sourdough improves the delay in staling of GF bread, although the positive effects were smaller than those found in wheat bread.
Effect of Die Dimensions on Extrusion Processing Parameters and Properties of DDGS‐Based Aquaculture Feeds
Authors: Chevanan Nehru , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan , Rosentrater Kurt A. , Julson James L. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of die nozzle dimensions, barrel temperature profile, and moisture content on DDGS‐based extrudate properties and extruder processing parameters. An ingredient blend containing 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, whey, mineral and vitamin mix, with a net protein content adjusted to 28% was extruded in a single‐screw laboratory extruder using seven different die nozzles. Increasing moisture content of the ingredient mix from 15 to 25% resulted in a 2.0, 16.0, 16.3, 22.9, 18.5, 32.5, and 63.7% decrease, respectively, in bulk density, water‐solubility index, sinking velocity, L*, b*, mass flow rate, and absolute pressure, as well as 11.6, 16.2, and 7% increases, respectively, in pellet durability, water‐absorption index, and a*. Increasing the temperature from 100 to 140°C resulted in 17.0, 5.9, 35.4, 50.6, 28.8, 33.9, and 33.9% decreases, respectively, in unit density, pellet durability, sinking velocity, absolute pressure, specific mechanical energy, torque, and apparent viscosity, but a 49.1 and 16.9% increase, respectively, in dough temperature and water‐absorption index. Increasing the L/D ratio of the die nozzle resulted in an increase in bulk density, L*, a*, and torque, but a decrease in unit density, pellet durability, water‐absorption index, sinking velocity, b*, mass flow rate, dough temperature, and apparent viscosity. As demonstrated in this study, the selection of an appropriate die geometry, in addition to the selection of suitable temperature and moisture content levels, are critical for producing DDGS‐based extrudates with optimum properties.
Diaporthe eres (Phomopsis oblonga) as a Pathogen of Butternut (Juglans cinerea) in Connecticut
Authors: Anagnostakis S. L. 
Published: August 2007

Butternut seedlings from North Carolina (S. Schlarbaum, University of Tennessee) were planted during the spring of 2005 in an open space at the edge of the Mattatuck State Forest in Plymouth, CT. There were mature butternuts with visible cankers that were at the forest edge and out of reach. In May 2006, some seedlings had died and many small, dark lesions were found on the twigs and stems of living seedlings. Stems with lesions were surface sterilized with 10% bleach, rinsed with sterile water, the epidermis peeled away, and slices of the wood were placed on the surface of 2% water agar plates. From these, we consistently isolated a Phomopsis sp. that grew well on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C and produced alpha and beta spores (average 8 × 2 μm and 25 × 1 μm, respectively). A mixture of six such isolates on autoclaved pieces of butternut stem supported by water agar produced perithecia after 6 months with ascospores that matched the description of Diaporthe eres (two-celled, slightly constricted at the septum, and averaged 12 × 3 μm). Two of our isolates of Diaporthe eres, both of which were weakly pathogenic and recovered from the lesions, were inoculated into cut, dormant stems of butternut ‘Buckley’ in the laboratory, This ascomycete was reported to be a pathogen of Juglans ailantifolia and J. regia var. orientes in Japan (1) but has not been reported on J. cinerea. There is a rather vague report of Diaporthe spiculosa on other species of Juglans and Phomopsis juglandina on twigs (with a question mark) of J. regia (with a question mark) in California (2). These were not reported by T. Kobayashi. References: (1) T. Kobayashi. Bull. Gov. For. Exp. Stn. No. 226, 1970. (2) U.S. Dep. Agric. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. Agric. Handb. No. 165, 1960.
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera fusca on Coreopsis lanceolata in Italy
Authors: Garibaldi A. , Bertetti D. , Gullino M. L. 
Published: August 2007

Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Asteraceae) is an ornamental species grown in parks and gardens and very much appreciated for its long-lasting flowering period. During the summer and fall of 2006, severe outbreaks of a previously unknown powdery mildew were observed on plants in several gardens near Biella (northern Italy). Both surfaces of leaves of the affected plants were covered with dense white mycelia and conidia. As the disease progressed, infected leaves turned yellow and died. Mycelia and conidia also were observed on stems and flower calyxes. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid, borne in short chains (5 to 6 conidia per chain) and measured 33 × 20 (27 to 35 × 17 to 22) μm. Conidiophores, 68 × 11 (62 to 76 × 10 to 12) μm, showed the foot cell measuring 50 × 11 (38 to 58 × 10 to 12) μm, followed by one shorter cell measuring 18 × 12 (13 to 19 × 12 to 13) μm. Fibrosin bodies were present. Chasmothecia were spherical and amber with a diameter of 99 (93 to 105) μm. Each chasmothecium contained one ascus with eight ascospores. On the basis of its morphology, the causal agent was determined to be a Podosphaera sp. (1). The ITS region (internal transcribed spacer) of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS4/ITS6 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis (1) of the 531 bp obtained showed an E-value of 0.0 with Podosphaera fusca (3). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned GenBank Accession No. EF 442023. Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculations by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of healthy C. lanceolata plants. Three plants were inoculated. Three noninoculated plants served as the control. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at temperatures ranging from 20 to 28°C. Twelve days after inoculation, typical symptoms of powdery mildew developed on inoculated plants. Noninoculated plants did not show symptoms. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew on C. lanceolata in Italy. Species of Coreopsis were previously described as host to Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerotheca macularis and Leveillula taurica and S. fusca (2,4). Voucher specimens are available at the AGROINNOVA Collection, University of Torino. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) U. Braun. A Monograph of the Erysiphaceae (Powdery Mildews). Cramer, Berlin, GDR, 1987. (3) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu. Schlechtendalia 4:1, 2000 (4) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society. St Paul, MN, 1989.