bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Albert Camus and the Popular Tradition
Authors: Zepp Evelyn H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study proposes to explore the relationship between Camus and his fiction and the popular tradition of carnival and the grotesque (as presented by Mikhail Bakhtin). The analysis focuses first on the material principle ‐ the “debasement” of abstract concepts to the level of the body, of the concrete. In Camus, this principle most often takes the form of a fusion of body and environment. Secondly, the study analyzes the principle of ambivalence ‐ the presence of “poles” which function simultaneously rather than in opposition. This principle, which is the prerequisite for humor (a neglected side of Camus), appears in “two‐in‐one images,” in bi‐level space, and in the ritual process of crowning‐discrowning. The presence of this literary tradition in Camus gives his work the immediate impact of ritual, and makes a full understanding and appreciation of him impossible if its presence is ignored.
Marguerite Duras' Cinematic Production: Towards the “Acknowledged Murder of the Cinema”
Authors: Guers‐Villate Yvonne 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCertain constant trends in Duras' career link her novelistic and cinematic production to make it deeply personal and original beyond the confines of specific genres. Her films are characterized by an emphasis upon the word rather than on the image and a strong anti‐realistic stance. Their development is briefly examined from Destroy, she said, her first one, to India‐Song, her acknowledged masterpiece, then to the voluntary deconstruction of cinematographic art that leads her from Le Camion to the predominantly dark screen of L'Homme atlantique. With this latest work to‐date shown in Paris in 1982, Duras seems to have come full circle having more or less retraced in her career as a cineast since 1968 the steps that had led her from mastery of structure and style to fragmentation and rejection of literary devices.
Handlungsstrukturen der Tragödie
Authors: Breuer Rolf 
Published: June 2007

Der erste Teil des Aufsatzes versucht eine Typologie der Tragödie auf der Basis inhaltlicher Merkmale, d.h. immer wiederkehrender Handlungsstrukturen. Grundlage der Typologie sind die sogenannte »Pragmatische Kommunikationstheorie« von Paul Watzlawick sowie begriffliche Differenzierungen der Handlungstheorie und Normenlogik. Es ergeben sich zwei Grundformen tragischer Handlungsstrukturen: einmal die Eskalationsstruktur, zum anderen die Widerspruchsstruktur. Der erste Typ betrifft in die Katastrophe eskalierende Handlungen als Vorgänge, bei denen der Rückkopplungs‐Charakter der Ursache‐Wirkungs‐Verkettung unterschätzt wird. Der zweite Typ betrifft Widersprüche zwischen den jeweiligen Zielen mehrerer Handlungen bzw. zwischen Mittel und Zweck einer Handlung.Der zweite Teil des Aufsatzes unternimmt es, diesen theoretischen Ansatz interpretatorisch vorzuführen. Und zwar wird als Beispiel einer Eskalationstragödie Shakespeares Macbeth, als Beispiel einer Widerspruchstragödie. Kyds Spanish Tragedy herangezogen.
Unholy Families: The Oedipal Psychopathology off Four Expressionist Ich‐Dramen1
Authors: Sheppard Richard William 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe psycho‐analytical theory of Jacques Lacan, combined with Vladimir Propp's theory of the folk‐tale, enables us to arrive at a more abstract, structural understanding of four key Expressionist Ich‐Dramen ‐ Kaiser's Von morgens bis mitternachts, Hasenclever's Der Sohn, Sorge's Der Bettler and Johst's Der Einsame ‐ which have, until now, been relatively impervious to exegesis. In Lacanian terms, all four plays can be read as multilevelled attempts to free the castrated “hero” from the power of the Father/Law which inevitably fail because of the subject's neurotic confusion of the signified with the signifier. Conversely, the tragic endings to which all four plays tend can be seen as the inevitable outcomes of the Lacanian “psychology of lack” and thus used as the basis of a critique of the fundamentals of that psychology.
Writing Women's Literary History
Authors: Busk‐Jensen Lise 
Published: June 2007

The criticism of the first two volumes of Nordisk kvindelitteraturhistorie (Nordic Women's Literary History, 1993) is the point of departure for a general discussion of problems in writing women's literary history. It is argued that literary history can dispense neither with authors’biographies nor with social history and that women's texts must be analysed in context with their own literary tradition before their aesthetic value can be fully established. The problem of gender‐marked texts is discussed and commented on in both the American and the French theoretical tradition, i.e. texts as representing experience versus sex as positions in the texts; it is argued that a possible concept of textual subjectivity could be the connection between the writer's self‐consciousness or identity and the correspondent textual self‐image understood as the subject of the discourse.In the last two sections the traditional feminist approach to history is criticized for being too closely bound up with 19th century evolutionism and the modern oppression/liberation paradigm. An alternative point of view in accordance with the history of mentality is suggested and a genre typology consisting in three varieties of the female ‘Bildungsroman’is put forward as a possible basis for writing women's literary history.
Henrik Ibsen's Theatre Mask. Tableau, Absorption and Theatricality in The Wild Duck
Authors: Østerud Erik 
Published: June 2007

This article gives an analysis of Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck based on some concepts developed from Michael Fried's book Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot. Keywords are here: visuality, tableau, theatricality and absorption.It is my view that Ibsen is wrapped up in visuality in his plays, expressed not only by the richness of details and the precision of depiction given to the theater décor, but also by the way he chooses to introduce and develop the conflict. In addition to the verbal dialogue there is in The Wild Duck a “visual dialogue,” revolving around one dominant metaphor: the metaphor of photography. This makes life in the play unfold as if pictures were permanently taken both of the characters and by them. Life is here shaped as a long parade of spectacular stagings or tableaux, where the visual confrontations and conflicts between the characters can be described as an endless stream of clashes between the poser's self‐image and the seeing eye's interpretation of the person on display.The unconscious, which Ibsen explores in his late period, is rooted in the new visual culture brought forth by the overwhelming technical innovations in the visual field during the nineteenth century.
Le syndrome d'abandon dans cinq romans de George Sand
Authors: Giacchetti Claudine 
Published: June 2007

II a souvent été dit que les romans “champêtres” de George Sand se lisent comme des contes de fée. car ils en sont proches, à la fois par l'agencement de leurs structures narratives, et par la richesse de leur investissement symbolique.L'un des moments privilégiés du conte de fée est la scène d'abandon de l'enfant dans la forèt. scénario qui trouve une élaboration très importante chez George Sand. Ce scénario déborde d'ailleurs la nomenclature restreinte des romans champêtres, puisqu'on le trouve non seulement dans la trilogie de La mare au Diable. François le Champi et La petite Fadette, mais aussi, avec certaines variantes, dans d'autres romans, dont Indiana et Mauprat. C'est une thématique qui illustre bien le “syndrome d'abandon”, decrit par la psychanalyse comme une angoisse d'insécurité affective, et qui se traduit, chez Sand, par tout un fantasme de l'égarement.Cette étude discutera du dispositif qui enclenche le traumatisme de l'abandon dans les cinq romans cités. Il s'agira des conditions de son occurrence, de la nécessité de sa répétition, et des circonstances de sa résolution. La constance de certains éléments spatio‐temporels (eau, paysage non balisé, régime nocturne) y sera examinée.La valorisation sexuelle (positive ou négative) d'une telle expérience est inscrite dans chacun des cinq romans (c'est d'ailleurs la thème unique de La mare au Diable). Dans chaque cas, la régression nécessaire que subit le sujet perdu lui permet un “retour sur soi”, et prépare la réparation gratifiante et stabilisante que le personnage sandien trouve toujours dans le geste thérapeutique du maternage.
Exerzitien in einer »überholten Kunst«— Gerhard Roths Theaterstücke
Authors: Schütte Uwe 
Published: June 2007

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das bisher vorliegende dramatische Werk Gerhard Roths. Der erste Teil skizziert zunaächst die Grazer Theaterszene der siebziger Jahre, welche den Rahmen abgab für die Uraufführungen der ersten drei Stücke. Diese werden anschließend, vor dem Hintergrund der schriftstelle‐rischen Entwicklung Roths, durch kurze Werkanalysen vorgestellt. Der zweite Teil konzentriert sich ausschließlich auf das 1985 uraufgeführte Schauspiel Erinnerungen an die Menschheit. In diesem von der Literaturwissenschaft bisher praktisch unbeachtet gebliebenen Stück versuchte Roth mit einem phantastisch‐surrealen Bildertheater neue Wege dramatischen Ausdrucks zu gehen. Nach einer Charakterisierung des Schauspiels, die aufgrund der bewußt chaotisch‐inkohärenten Anlage des Textes, nur tentativer Art sein kann, wird vor allem Roths zwangsläufig zum Scheitern verurteiltes Unternehmen einer Wiederbelebung des zeitgenössischen Theaters in Form seines Anti‐Theaters ‘auf dem Papier’diskutiert.“Du weißt, daß das Threater eine Schweineri ist, habe ich mir gesagt, und du wirst deine Studie üder das Threater, die du im Kopf hast, schreiben, diese Theaterstudies, die dem Theater ein für allemal ins Gesicht schläg! Was das Theater ist, was die Schauspieler sind, die Stükeschreiber, die Intendanten usf…”Thomas Bernhard, Ist es eine Komödie? Ist es eine Tragödie?
A seroepidemiological study of bovine pestivirus in Queensland beef and dairy herds conducted in 1994/95
Authors: TAYLOR LF , BLACK PF , PITT DJ , MACKENZIE AR , JOHNSON SJ , RODWELL BJ 
Published: June 2007

Objective To describe the distribution and prevalence of cattle herds with detectable antibody to bovine pestivirus in Queensland in 1994/95. Materials and Methods The study used 7,838 serum samples collected from 250 herds in Queensland, as part of a structured animal health surveillance program conducted in 1994 and 1995. Samples were collected from female cattle bred on the property. In each herd, 10 to 20 heifers less than two years of age and 10 to 15 older cows were sampled giving a 95% probability of detecting one or more seropositive animals if the seroprevalence was approximately 10% or greater. Sera were analysed for antibodies to bovine pestivirus using a virus neutralisation test. Results Total cattle numbers in sampled herds varied from 62 to 24,600 head, while total area of properties sampled varied from 50 to 395,400 hectares.Eleven percent of herds contained no seropositive animals among those sampled, and in 38% of herds, all sampled cattle aged one to two years of age were seronegative. There was a trend for larger herds to have one or more animals seropositive for bovine pestivirus (χ2 for Linear trend = 3.656, p = 0.056). Herds with more than 500 head of cattle were significantly more likely than herds with less than 500 head to contain one or more seropositive animals in any age group (prevalence ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval 1.01 – 1.23; p = 0.026). Age specific seroprevalence increased from around 10% in heifers, to between 75% and 85% in cows aged 10 years. The average annual incidence risk for bovine pestivirus infection varied from 0.12 to 0.24 seroconversions per cattle year at risk, and did not vary with age.The overall crude seroprevalence adjusted for herd size was 45%. There was a wide range of seroprevalence recorded for each level of stocking intensity. Conclusions This survey provides valuable baseline data on bovine pestivirus infection in Queensland cattle herds.
Infection with Photobacterium damselae subspecies damselae and Vibrio harveyi in snapper, Pagrus auratus with bloat
Authors: STEPHENS FJ , RAIDAL SR , BULLER N. , JONES B. 
Published: June 2007

Objective To diagnose the cause of chronic, low mortality associated with bloat in tanks of snapper at an aquaculture facility. Design A clinical, pathological and microbiological investigation into the cause of a low number of ongoing mortalities associated with bloat in snapper at an aquaculture facility is outlined. Necropsy, histology, microbiology and a comparison of haematology and water analysis from affected and unaffected fish and holding tanks, respectively were conducted. Results Affected moribund fish were found in lateral or dorsal recumbency floating on the water surface within 24 hours of death. Photobacterium damselae subspecies damselae was isolated from intestinal contents and Vibrio harveyi from the blood of affected fish and both were isolated from culture water. Both V harveyi and P damselae subspecies damselae isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and sulphamethoxazole plus trimethoprim. Environmental parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen were similar in tanks of affected and unaffected fish. Affected fish had gas distended swimbladders, anaemia, and the intestines were diffusely distended with a clear, pale yellowish fluid. Livers were mottled tan and green in a zonal pattern. Histologically the intestines of fish from tanks suffering mortality had a moderate granulocytic enteritis with oedema and infiltrations with eosinophilic granule cells that were also present as an infiltrate in the gills. There were elevated numbers of melanomacrophage centres and haemosiderin deposits in the spleen, kidney and liver of affected fish. Conclusion
Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subspecies damselae infection should be recognised as potential pathogens of snapper held in water of less than optimal quality.
Susceptibility of bacteria from feline and canine urinary tract infections to doxycycline and tetracycline concentrations attained in urine four hours after oral dosage
Authors: WILSON BJ , NORRIS JM , MALIK R. , MARTIN PA , WIGNEY DI , BARAL RM , GOVENDIR M. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives To measure urinary concentrations of doxycycline in cats and dogs and tetracycline in dogs 4 h after conventional oral dosing and determine whether these antibiotics were present in sufficient concentrations to be effective against common feline and canine urinary tract pathogens as assessed in vitro by Epsilometer and disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility methods. Design A prospective study involving oral administration to clinically normal cats and dogs of doxycycline or tetracycline (dogs only) and culture of bacteria from dogs and cats with urinary tract infections to determine their susceptibility to both doxycycline and tetracycline in vitro. Procedure In the first study, nine cats and eight dogs were administered doxycycline monohydrate (5 mg/kg every 12 h) and a further eight dogs were administered tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg/kg every 8 h) for 72 h. Blood was collected at 2 and 4 h, and urine at 4 h, after the last dose. The concentration of each agent in serum and urine was determined by modified agar diffusion. In the second study, 45 urine samples from cats and dogs with urinary tract infections were cultured. Every bacterial isolate was tested in vitro using both Epsilometer (doxycycline and tetracycline) and disc diffusion (doxycycline, tetracycline or amoxycillin‐clavulanate) tests. Results Serum doxycycline concentrations in sera of cats and dogs at 2 h were 4.2±1.0 mg/mL and 3.4±1.1 mg/mL, respectively. The corresponding concentrations at 4 h were 3.5±0.7 mg/mL and 2.8±0.6 mg/mL. Urinary doxycycline concentrations at 4 h (53.8±24.4 mg/mL for cats and 52.4±24.1 mg/mL for dogs) were substantially higher than corresponding serum values. Serum tetracycline concentrations in dogs at 2 and 4 h, and in urine at 4 h, were 6.8±2.8, 5.4±0.8, 144.8±39.4 mg/mL, respectively.Most of the urinary tract pathogens (35/45) were susceptible to urinary concentrations of doxycycline and 38/45 were susceptible to tetracycline. In contrast 41/45 of all isolates were susceptible to amoxycillin‐clavulanate. Conclusion This is the first report of urinary concentrations of doxycycline after conventional oral administration. Concentrations attained in the urine of normal cats and dogs were sufficient to inhibit the growth of a significant number of urinary tract pathogens and thus doxycycline may be a useful antimicrobial agent for some urinary tract infections.
Detection of Echinococcus granulosus coproantigens in faeces from naturally infected rural domestic dogs in south eastern Australia
Authors: JENKINS DJ , MCKINLAY A. , DUOLONG HE , BRADSHAW H. , CRAIG PS 
Published: June 2007

Objective To investigate the occurrence of Echinococcus granulosus in rural domestic dogs in farming areas around Yass, New South Wales, and Mansfield and Whitfield, Victoria. Design Faeces were collected per‐rectally from farm dogs voluntarily presented by their owners in four farming districts in New South Wales and two in Victoria. Procedure Faeces were collected in the field, an extract prepared from each sample and E granulosus coproantigens detected in an ELISA. Farmers were also questioned about their dog feeding and worming practices. Results
Echinococcus granulosus coproantigens were detected in 99 of 344 dogs (29%) from 95 farms in south eastern New South Wales and 38 of 217 dogs (17.5%) from 43 farms in Victoria.Cross‐reactions between E granulosus coproantigen trapping antibody and coproantigens in faeces from dogs monospecifi‐cally infected with other species of intestinal helminthes (Taenia ovis, T hydatigena, T pisiformis, Spirometra ericacei, Dipylidium caninum, hookworm, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis) were not evident.Dietary and worming data revealed many owners fed raw meat and occasionally offal from domestic livestock and wildlife to their dogs and few owners wormed their dogs frequently enough to preclude the chance of patent E granulosus being present in their dogs. Conclusion
Echinococcus granulosus occurs commonly in rural dogs in south eastern Australia and an education program promoting the public health importance of responsible management of rural dogs is urgently needed.
Antemortem diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in two cats on cyclosporin therapy
Authors: BARRS VR , MARTIN P. , BEATTY JA 
Published: June 2007

Clinical toxoplasmosis was diagnosed antemortem in two cats being treated with therapeutic doses of cyclosporin. The diagnosis was made by detecting tachyzoites on cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from one case and pleural effusion from the other. Despite early diagnosis and aggressive treatment in both cases, only one cat survived. Reactivation of latentToxoplasma gondiiinfection secondary to cyclosporin‐induced immunosuppression was considered likely in both cases. The presence of respiratory signs in cats treated with cyclosporin should alert clinicians to the possibility of clinical toxoplasmosis. Consideration should be given to determining the serostatus of cats toT gondiiprior to use of drugs which are potent inhibitors of cell mediated immunity such as cyclosporin.Two cases of feline toxoplasmosis are presented.
The use of mitomycin C as an adjunctive treatment for equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: RAYNER SG , VAN ZYL N. 
Published: June 2007

Objective To assess the effectiveness of topical mitomycin C application as an alternative adjunctive therapy to CO2 laser ablation in the treatment of equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Design A retrospective clinical study of eight client owned horses in which 10 affected eyes were treated for ocular squamous cell carcinoma over a 17 month period. (March 2003 to Procedure Each horse was given a general anaesthetic to allow CO2 laser ablation of the lesion(s). Mitomycin C at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL was then applied intraoperatively to the affected areas for 1 or 5 minutes. Postoperatively a triple antibiotic eye ointment was applied to the eye twice daily and each horse was treated with systemic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for 7 days. Results Recurrence following treatment was noted in three eyes. Two of these were retreated and no further signs developed. The remaining eye was enucleated at the request of the owner. Overall 90% of treated eyes appeared free of tumour a minimum of 11 months post treatment. Conclusion In this case series mitomycin C appeared to offer a valid alternative to other adjunctive therapies currently employed in the treatment of equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.
Pilot study ‐ parenteral treatment of recently acquired subclinical mastitis during lactation
Authors: BEGGS DS , WRAIGHT MD 
Published: June 2007

Objective To conduct a pilot study to investigate the effect of parenteral antibiotic treatment with penethamate hydriodide on recently acquired sub‐clinical mastitis. Design Sixty‐nine cows from five Western Victorian dairy farms were enrolled in a pilot trial. Cows that had an Individual Cow Cell Count (ICCC) of greater than 250,000 cells per mL in their milk at their first or second herd test were enrolled in the trial if they were in their first lactation, or if they had a history of ICCCs below 250,000 cells per mL at all herd tests during the previous lactation. These criteria were used in an effort to exclude cows with chronic subclinical mastitis and include cows with recently acquired subclinical mastitis. Procedure Cows were divided into control and treatment groups on the basis of having an odd or even ear tag number. The treatment group was treated with penethamate hydriodide shortly after the first or second herd test; the control group was left untreated. The ICCCs of subsequent herd tests were recorded for the remainder of lactation. Results In 58% of the treatment group, and 25% of the control group, all subsequent ICCCs for that lactation were less than 250,000 cells per mL (p<0.05). If only first and second lactation cows were considered, 72% of the treatment group, and 11% of the control group, had subsequent ICCCs less than 250,000 cells per mL (p<0.05). Conclusion An ICCC of greater than 250,000 cells per mL is a good predictor for more high ICCCs at subsequent herd tests. This effect was significantly altered in our trial by treatment with penethamate hydriodide at or near the first or second herd test. Whilst in general treatment of high ICCC cows during lactation is considered to be unrewarding, this pilot study suggests that treatment of cows and heifers appropriately selected on the basis of a previous history of low ICCCs can lead to sustained reductions in cell counts. These results support the case for further study into this area.