bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and biochemical studies in Argentinean patients with variegate porphyria
Authors: Rossetti María V , Granata Bárbara X , Giudice Jimena , Parera Victoria E , Batlle Alcira 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundA partial deficiency in Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX) produces the mixed disorder Variegate Porphyria (VP), the second acute porphyria more frequent in Argentina. Identification of patients with an overt VP is absolutely important because treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis but more critical is the identification of asymptomatic relatives to avoid acute attacks which may progress to death.MethodsWe have studied at molecular level 18 new Argentinean patients biochemically diagnosed as VP. PPOX gene was amplified in one or in twelve PCR reactions. All coding exons, flanking intronic and promoter regions were manual or automatically sequenced. For RT-PCR studies RNA was retrotranscripted, amplified and sequenced. PPOX activity in those families carrying a new and uncharacterized mutation was performed.ResultsAll affected individuals harboured mutations in heterozygous state. Nine novel mutations and 3 already reported mutations were identified. Six of the novel mutations were single nucleotide substitutions, 2 were small deletions and one a small insertion. Three single nucleotide substitutions and the insertion were at exon-intron boundaries. Two of the single nucleotide substitutions, c.471G>A and c.807G>A and the insertion (c.388+3insT) were close to the splice donor sites in exons 5, 7 and intron 4 respectively. The other single nucleotide substitution was a transversion in the last base of intron 7, g.3912G>C (c.808-1G>C) so altering the consensus acceptor splice site. However, only in the first case the abnormal band showing the skipping of exon 5 was detected. The other single nucleotide substitutions were transversions: c.101A>T, c.995G>C and c.670 T>G that result in p.E34V, p.G332A and W224G aminoacid substitutions in exons 3, 10 and 7 respectively. Activity measurements indicate that these mutations reduced about 50% PPOX activity and also that they co-segregate with this reduced activity value. Two frameshift mutations, c.133delT and c.925delA, were detected in exons 3 and 9 respectively. The first leads to an early termination signal 22 codons downstream (p.S45fsX67) and the second leads to a stop codon 5 codons downstream (p.I309fsX314). One reported mutation was a missense mutation (p.G232R) and 2 were frameshift mutations: c.1082insC and 1043insT. The last mutation was detected in six new apparently unrelated Argentinean families.ConclusionMolecular analysis in available family members revealed 14 individuals who were silent carriers of VP. Molecular techniques represent the most accurate approach to identify unaffected carriers and to provide accurate genetic counselling for asymptomatic individuals. The initial screening includes the insertion search.
Autoxidation Resistant Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether
Authors: Hoshino Hayato , Sakakibara Kazuhisa , Watanabe Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The bond dissociation energy of the C–H bond at the α-position of an ether oxygen in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) has been evaluated theoretically to be 393.3 kJ/mol by using an isodesmic reaction method. Essential factors accounting for this rather higher bond dissociation energy in CPME comparable to secondary C–H bond have been investigated on the basis of the structures and their thermodynamic data such as heats of formation (ΔHf°) of CPME radical and relevant ether radicals evaluated by the theoretical approach.
Hydrothermal Preparation of Biomineral Botallackite Cu2(OH)3Cl Hollow Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Chen Zhitao , Gao Lian 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
A novel and facile way to produce botallackite (Cu2(OH)3Cl) flower-like solid and hollow architectures with an average diameter of 400 nm is put forward, meanwhile, its probable reaction mechanism is also discussed.
An Improved Synthesis of Methyl Protodioscin: Tautomerization and Direct Access to the 3-O-Substituted Kryptogenin
Authors: Xu Qing-Chun , Liu Yang , Liu Jiao , He Chun-Xian , Yan Mao-Cai , Cheng Mao-Sheng 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The acid-catalyzed tautomerization of 3-O-substituted kryptogenin 2 was studied, and the effects of acids such as silica gel, TMSOTf, acetic acid, and CDCl3, are discussed. Additionally, a Zn/KI/HOAc reduction based on this tautomerization was adopted, which afforded 2 directly, and provided a facile procedure for the synthesis of methyl protodioscin and other furostanol saponins in a mild way.
Synthesis and Properties of Cyclic [5]meta-Phenyleneacetylene and Its Corresponding Cyclophane Polyone, [25](1,3)Cyclophanedecaone
Authors: Yamakawa Jun , Ohkoshi Masanori , Takahashi Futoshi , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Nishinaga Tohru , Yoshida Masato , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The cyclic [5]meta-phenyleneacetylene (3) ([5]CMPA) and its corresponding cyclophane polyones 4 and 5 are synthesized. 3, a “missing link” between [4]CMPA and [6]CMPA, shows a fairly pronounced emission, indicating a rigid structure, whereas 5 is colorless in contrast to conventional diarylethane-1,2-diones owing to its conformational mobility and all-s-cis and twisted dione structure.
Single-component CT Crystals Based on 1,4-Benzoquinone Derivatives and TEMPO Radical
Authors: Nobusawa Mitsunori , Akutsu Hiroki , Yamada Jun-ichi , Nakatsuji Shin’ichi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Four kinds of TEMPO-substituted 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives were found to afford single-component CT crystals formed by the interactions between a benzoquinone ring and one or two TEMPO groups of the neighboring molecules.
On-site Determination of Trace Nickel in Liquid Samples for Semiconductor Manufacturing by Highly Sensitive Solid-phase Colorimetry with α-Furil Dioxime
Authors: Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Zhang Yan-Fan , Onodera Hirofumi , Nishizawa Saori , Shida Junichi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
A new, highly sensitive colorimetry for trace NiII at the parts per billion level has been developed. The method is based on effective adsorption of the orange-colored NiII chelate with α-furil dioxime to a membrane filter. There was superior tolerance to coexistence of high concentration of salts such as sodium nitrate in the trace NiII analysis. The proposed method was successfully applied to the NaOH solutions used for the silicon wafer processing and enabled on-site NiII analysis which has been urgently needed in the semiconductor manufacturing.
Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling of Benzylic Carbonates with Organostannanes
Authors: Ohsumi Masato , Kuwano Ryoichi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The cross-coupling of benzylic carbonates with arylstannanes proceeded in the presence of [Pd(η3-C3H5)Cl]2–DPPPent catalyst, affording the desired diarylmethanes in good yield.
Choriocarcinoma in an AIDS patient – relapsing but not fatal
Authors: Shah Archan M , Tidswell Mark , Prefontaine Michel , Skiest Daniel J , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: June 2008

Summary Choriocarcinoma is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients, in contrast to a good prognosis in immunocompetent individuals. Respiratory failure due to metatstatic choriocarcinoma is associated with high mortality in any patient. We report a case of a woman with AIDS that survived metastatic choriocarcinoma and respiratory failure. We also observed that in contrast to some in vitro studies, the markedly elevated levels of β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in this patient did not have any apparent inhibitory effect on viral replication.
Comparison of cryotherapy to imiquimod 5% in the treatment of anogenital warts
Authors: Stefanaki Christina , Katzouranis Ilias , Lagogianni Eirini , Hagjivassiliou Maria , Nicolaidou Electra , Panagiotopoulos Antonios , Anyfantakis Vassilis , Bethimoutis George , Eustathios Rallis , Antoniou Christina , Katsambas Andreas 
Published: June 2008

Summary The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of crotherapy versus imiquimod 5% in the treatment of anogenital warts. Eighty HIV-negative males were included in the analysis; 35 of them were treated with imiquimod 5% three times a week for 6–10 hours and 45 of them with cryotherapy once in three weeks. Follow-up appointments were arranged every month for the first three months and then at six and 12 months, or in between whenever the patients noticed any signs of recurrence. Treatment for both groups was continued for a total of 12 weeks or until the warts cleared. At the end of three months, irrespective of the type of treatment, 78.8% of the patients demonstrated 100% improvement. Cryotherapy was more effective, as 86.7% of patients showed 100% improvement compared with 68.6% of patients in the imiquimod group. On the contrary, 17.1% of the imiquimod group did not show any signs of improvement, compared with 2.2% of the cryotherapy group ( P = 0.017). However, patients treated with imiquimod tended to improve earlier than patients on cryotherapy ( P = 0.012). No statistically significant difference was observed regarding the recurrence rate between the two groups ( P = 0.138). Treatment with imiquimod was less painful than cryotherapy ( P = 0.034). Cryotherapy was more effective than imiquimod 5% for the treatment of anogenital warts in males but was more inconvenient.
Multiple aphthoid syphilitic chancres of the oral cavity
Authors: Veraldi S , Lunardon L , Persico M C , Francia C , Bottini S 
Published: June 2008

Summary We describe the case of a 31-year-old man who was affected by three asymptomatic, aphthoid, syphilitic chancres of the oral cavity. These lesions were accompanied by right latero-cervical and chin lymphadenopathy. The infection was previously diagnosed as aphthous stomatitis. The search for Treponema pallidum by means of darkfield microscope examination was positive. The patient was successfully treated with oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple aphthoid syphilitic chancres of the oral cavity reported in the literature. We suggest that all patients with a recent history of painless ulcers in the oral cavity, accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy in which the clinical diagnosis has not been confirmed, should undergo a darkfield microscope examination.
Treatment of anal human papillomavirus-associated disease: a long term outcome study
Authors: Nathan M , Hickey N , Mayuranathan L , Vowler S L , Singh N 
Published: June 2008

Summary Treatment for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal canal disease has been unsatisfactory. The objective of our study was to determine the treatment outcome in our cohort with anal HPV disease. Overall, 181 patients were evaluated over a median period of 19.1 months (range = 2.8–125.5). Eighty-eight patients (48.6%) with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and 82 patients (45.3%) with low-grade AIN underwent treatment. One hundred and forty-one patients (77.9%) received laser ablative treatment as an outpatient procedure. The treatment yielded cure, defined as a disease-free state at 12 months after treatment, in 63.0% (114/181). Median time to cure for the cohort was 31.5 months (95% confidence interval: 23.0–40.0). Treatment outcome showed no evidence of being affected by age, sexual preference, history of smoking or presence of high-grade disease. Median time to cure was significantly affected by a positive HIV status ( P = 0.02) and the extent (volume) of the disease ( P = 0.01). Contrary to the current view that treatment of HPV-related anal disease is difficult, unrewarding due to recurrences and may lead to substantial morbidity, we demonstrate that effective treatment is possible for both low- and high-grade AIN. These findings should help with the general desire to introduce screening for AIN for at-risk groups.
Interaction of organic and psychological factors in persistent genital arousal disorder in women: a report of six cases
Authors: Goldmeier David , Leiblum Sandra 
Published: June 2008

Summary There have been a number of case reports published recently describing women who complain of persistent genital arousal. Most of these papers do not report medical data or observations from genital examination. We report in such detail on six cases of persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) in women. We further advance the hypothesis that in many cases the objective genital component may be induced by a variety of psychophysiological and pathological factors such as anxiety, genital prolapses and dermatoses. Genital engorgement so produced may not be continuous but when present may be enhanced and perpetuated by both anxiety focussed on the genitals and masturbation used in an attempt to relieve the sensations. Premorbid affective psychological illness negatively colours the subjective perception of this genital engorgement, leading to either elicitation or maintenance of PGAD. We discuss this hypothesis in relation to our six cases.
Characteristics of primary and late latent syphilis cases which were initially non-reactive with the rapid plasma reagin as the screening test
Authors: Singh Ameeta E , Wong Tom , De Prithwish 
Published: June 2008

Summary The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of primary and late latent syphilis cases that were non-reactive on initial screening by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) but reactive by treponemal tests. RPR test results of all primary and late latent syphilis cases in the province of Alberta, Canada during 1980–2001 were compiled. The proportion of syphilis cases that were non-reactive by RPR testing was compared with reactive cases. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with non-reactive RPR results. Among primary syphilis cases, 224 (26%) were non-reactive on initial RPR and were compared with 639 reactive primary cases. Independent factors associated with a non-reactive result were male gender (odds ratio, [OR] = 1.99 [1.22–3.26]), Caucasian ethnicity (OR = 1.77 [1.20–2.61]) and diagnosis during the 1980–1986 syphilis outbreak period in Alberta (OR = 3.13 [1.45–6.74]). Of the late latent cases, 512 (39%) were non-reactive by RPR and 791 were reactive. A non-reactive test for late latent cases was associated with male gender (OR = 2.91 [2.15–3.94]), Canadian Aboriginal (OR = 2.91 [1.59–5.32]), Caucasian (OR = 1.87 [1.35–2.58]), black ethnicity (OR = 1.76 [1.28–2.42]) and diagnosis during the 1980–1986 Alberta syphilis outbreak (OR = 1.67 [1.29–2.16]). RPR testing alone is insufficient to diagnose primary and late latent infections under certain conditions and patient characteristics. Case detection was lower for late latent syphilis when compared with primary syphilis based on the properties of the RPR. Further studies are needed to inform the optimal use of the RPR test in laboratory testing algorithms for the diagnosis of syphilis and to determine the cost effectiveness of better screening tests for syphilis.
Preventing sexually transmissible infections in Australian general practice
Authors: Khan Asaduzzaman , Plummer David , Hussain Rafat , Minichiello Victor 
Published: June 2008

Summary The aims of the present study were to explore aspects of sexually transmissible infections (STI) prevention in general practice and to examine general practitioners' (GPs) perceived barriers to sexual-health promotion. The data from a postal survey of 409 GPs practising in New South Wales, Australia (response rate 45.4%) are analysed to explore the prevention of STI in general practice and to examine practitioners' perceived barriers to sexual-health promotion. About 49% of GPs reported having STI leaflets/pamphlets for patients in their clinic, while 21% had posters on STI displayed in their waiting room. Two-third (67%) of GPs provided STI-specific printed materials/leaflets to patients with STI. Female GPs were more likely to be proactive in STI prevention. Time and funding appear to be the major barriers to sexual-health promotion, followed by inadequate access to counselling. One-fifth (22%) of GPs felt that they had little influence in changing patients' risk behaviour, while about 28% emphasized the need for further preventive care training. The present study identifies inconsistencies in STI-prevention activities in general practice along with barriers to undertake sexual-health promotion. This area warrants further attention if GPs are to contribute fully to the control of STI.
Mortality of the elderly is still exceedingly high at diagnosis of AIDS despite favourable outcomes after highly active antiretroviral therapy in Recife, Brazil
Authors: Lacerda H R , Kitner D 
Published: June 2008

Summary This study aimed to compare the outcome of an elderly group of AIDS patients with that of a younger group and their features at the time of the diagnosis of AIDS. We evaluated 58 patients aged >60 years and 114 aged 20–39 years, followed for 35.3 months. There was an obvious delay in diagnosing the elderly as they had more AIDS-defining diseases at diagnosis and their most frequent opportunistic infection was pulmonary tuberculosis. Mortality at the time of the diagnosis of AIDS was four times higher in the elderly (24.1% versus 6.1%, P < 0.001). However, when comparing only those submitted to highly active antiretroviral therapy, there was a similar frequency of favourable outcomes; 76.9% in the elderly against 83.1% in the young ( P = 0.455). Mean CD4 lymphocyte was 438 cells/mm3 at the end of follow up in the young when compared with 442 cells/mm3 in the elderly ( P = 0.945). The types of antiretroviral schema and the number of antivirals per patient were similar in both groups.
Focal Salmonella enteritidis infection in a patient with HIV infection and other multiple causes of immunodeficiency
Authors: Peppa Dimitra , Sutton Julian K , Bin-Reza Faisal , Morris-Jones Stephen D , Miller Robert F 
Published: June 2008

Summary An HIV-infected man receiving antiretroviral therapy—who also had lupus-like vasculitis and membranous glomerulonephritis (treated with prednisolone and azathioprine), beta-thalassaemia minor trait and post-radiotherapy functional asplenia (mimicking sickle cell disease-induced hyposplenism)—developed focal soft issue and bone infection caused by Salmonella enteritidis at the site of previous mycobacterial infection.
The prevalence of chlamydial infection in Estonia: a population-based survey
Authors: Uusküla A , Kals M , Denks K , Nurm ÜK , Kasesalu L , DeHovitz J , McNutt L A 
Published: June 2008

Summary The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among Estonian men and women by a cross-sectional study based on the screening of a probability sample of the residents of Tartu using participant-collected, mail-delivered testing for C. trachomatis complemented with the self-administered questionnaire. Full participation as defined by returning both the questionnaire and specimen was 34% ( n = 479; 95% confidence interval [CI] 32–37%). Study participation was 40% ( n = 560; 95% CI 37–43%) for subjects returning either or both the study questionnaire and specimen. After weighing the population distribution, the prevalence estimate for the age group of 18–35 years was 5.4% (95% CI 3.0–7.5%), 6.9% (95% CI 3.6–10.3%) among women and 2.7% (95% CI 0.3–5.0%) among men. The number of sexual partners in the past 12 months was the strongest predictor of infection.
Patient-delivered partner therapy in the UK: what do the professionals think?
Authors: Shivasankar Sivapatham , Challenor Rachel 
Published: June 2008

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate consultant genitourinary (GU) physicians' and health advisers' views regarding acceptability of patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) in the United Kingdom (UK). A postal questionnaire was sent to all consultant GU physicians and senior health advisers: 206 (65%) physician questionnaires and 153 (77%) health-adviser questionnaires were returned. One hundred and three (50%) physicians and 31 (22%) health advisers reported ever having used PDPT. Approximately one-third of professionals are strongly opposed to PDPT. However, the majority of both professional groups are cautiously prepared to consider PDPT, but only if there is no other option and only if a health professional first makes contact with the partner. Chief concern among health professionals is the legal status of PDPT in the UK. Here, the current General Medical Council (GMC) guidance on remote prescribing is helpful. The outcome of the Medical Research Council randomized controlled trial on accelerated partner therapy, which fits in with GMC guidance, is eagerly awaited as professionals would welcome evidence-based national guidance.
Acne vulgaris and acne rosacea as part of immune reconstitution disease in HIV-1 infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Scott Christopher , Staughton Richard C D , Bunker Christopher J , Asboe David 
Published: June 2008

Summary Immune reconstitution disease (IRD) has been widely reported following the commencement of antiretrovirals. We report a case series from a cohort of HIV-1-infected patients of whom four developed acne vulgaris and one developed acne rosacea after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Acne vulgaris, as part of IRD, has been reported only once in the literature, whereas acne rosacea has not, to our knowledge, previously been described. This serves as a reminder not to overlook dermatological manifestations of disease in patients with HIV infection after starting antiretrovirals.
UK National Audit of Chlamydial Infection Management in Sexual Health Clinics. Case notes audit: information-giving, partner notification and follow-up
Authors: McClean Hugo , Carne Chris , Bunting Paul , Bhaduri Sumit , Fernandes Arnold , Dhar Jyoti , Estreich Steve , Daniels David 
Published: June 2008

Summary Verbal information-giving is good, but only half of cases were reportedly given written information on chlamydia. Follow-up by ‘phoning or texting (43%) was as common as follow-up in clinics (39%). About one-fourth of cases did not have follow up, with no recall for around 60% of these cases. Advice about partner notification (PN) was provided by a health adviser or other suitably trained health professional to 91% of cases, and the method of PN was documented for 92% of these cases. PN outcome was not documented for about 25% of these cases. There was no information on the chlamydial status of sexual contacts of about half of cases, and no information about the treatment status of sexual contacts of about 40% of cases. The average number of contacts screened per index was 0.52 outside London and 0.29 for the London Regions, levels below those suggested in the National Guideline.
UK National Audit of Chlamydial Infection Management in Sexual Health Clinics. Clinic policies audit
Authors: Carne Chris , McClean Hugo , Bhaduri Sumit , Bunting Paul , Fernandes Arnold , Dhar Jyoti , Estreich Steve , Daniels David 
Published: June 2008

Summary There was a wide range of activity and chlamydial diagnoses between the 177 clinics that responded. Most (92%) clinics have nucleic acid tests for chlamydial diagnosis. Different practitioners largely share roles in providing advice to patients about partner notification, treatment adherence, safer sex advice and abstinence. Most (97%) clinics have information leaflets about chlamydia, although about 30% of clinics lack leaflets containing information about antibiotics and hormonal contraception. About two-third clinics follow the National Guideline recommended interval for providing a test of cure where this is indicated. Only 18% of clinics routinely ask patients to reattend, with 40% having a policy of no routine follow-up and 62% using telephone or text follow-up. These categories were not mutually exclusive. Most (86%) of the 146 English clinics had a local Chlamydia Screening Programme coordinator for their Primary Care Trust area, although cooperation varies, with cooperation over treatment of 70% and Programme policy of 62%.