bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet satellitism and phagocytosis by neutrophils: Association with antiplatelet antibodies and lymphoma
Authors: White Leonard A. , Brubaker Leonard H. , Aster Richard H. , Henry Patrick H. , Adelstein Edward H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSatellitism and phagocytosis of platelets by neutrophils in EDTA anticoagulated blood have been considered in vitro phenomena without clinical significance. We observed these in a patient with acute, severe thrombocytopenic purpura who subsequently proved to have malignant lymphoma. Wide oscillations in the platelet count were noted and recurrent, severe gastrointestinal bleeding occurred even when the platelet count was normal. Platelet function was abnormal as shown by decreased platelet adhesion to glass beads, absence of a secondary wave of aggregation in response to ADP and epinephrine, and no aggregation with collagen. Suspension of control platelets in the patient's plasma induced similar aggregation defects in the control platelets. Combination chemotherapy resulted in regression of lymphadenopathy, but platelet abnormalities and bleeding persisted. Platelet satellitism and phagocytosis by neutrophils seen on peripheral blood films may be associated with true thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function and bleeding with an underlying systemic disease.
Methods for establishing a working immunoradiometric assay for serum ferritin
Authors: Ryan Sherry , Watson Lynn R. , Tavassoli Mehdi , Green Ralph , Crosby William H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe two‐site immunoradiometric assay for measurement of serum ferritin requires purified human ferritin and an avid high‐titer antihuman ferritin antibody. Some of the antibody is radioiodinated following purification by immunoadsorption. All methods for preparation of these materials for the assay are described in minute detail. Performance of the assay itself and calculation of results are also described, and attention is drawn to several potential pitfalls. Adherence to these detailed descriptions will help to eliminate difficulties experienced by centers wishing to establish their own working serum ferritin assay.
Aplastic anemia associated with bone marrow suppressor T‐Cell hyperactivity: Successful treatment with antithymocyte globulin
Authors: Amare Mammo , Abdou Nabih I. , Robinson Maria G. , Abdou Nancy L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn five patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia, the colony‐forming unit (CFU‐c) assay was used to quantitate stem cells and test the possible presence of supressor cells inhibiting bone marrow differentiation. All five marrows failed to form CFU‐c. In one out of the five cases tested, coculture of the patient's marrow with normal marrow suppressed the latter to form CFU‐c. Removal of T‐cells from the patient's bone marrow freed the aplastic marrow to produce more colonies and, in the coculture study, abrogated its inhibitory activity on the normal bone marrow. Treatment of the patient with horse antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG), improved the peripheral blood count and myelopoiesis. Furthermore, the aplastic marrow increased its colony forming capacity from < 1% pre‐ATG to 46% post‐ATG of the normal control, and its inhibitory activity on the normal marrow was ablated. In selected cases of aplastic anemia, with evidence of T‐suppressor cell hyperactivity, treatment with ATG may offer an alternative approach to bone‐marrow transplantation.
Relapse Following Marrow Transplantation for Acute Leukemia
Authors: Harrison David T. , Flournoy Nancy , Ramberg Robert , Boyd Cheryl , Erne Kathy , Buckner C. Dean , Fefer Alexander , Sanders Jean E. , Storb Rainer , Thomas E. Donnall 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne‐hundred‐thirty‐six patients who underwent marrow transplantation for endstage acute leukemia were studied with respect to factors that might predict failure to eradicate or recurrence of leukemia following transplantation. One‐hundred‐five patients were recipients of allogeneic and 31 recipients of syngeneic marrow. Sixty‐four patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 72 acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANL). The frequency of persistence of leukemia and relapse was 35% for patients with ANL and 44% for those with ALL.When all the patients are considered as one group pretransplant factors considered simultaneously through proportional hazards modeling showed only the WBC at admission for transplantation to be significant (P = 0.02). The presence of an enlarged spleen, either at diagnosis or at transplantation, was associated with an increased probability of relapse (P < 0.006) among patients with ANL. In patients with ANL. In patients with ALL, active central nervous system (CNS) disease at the time of transplantation significantly increased the risk of relapse in the CNS (P < 0.01). Patients with a white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 20, 000/mm3at admission for transplantation had an increased rate of relapse (P < 0.003). Patients whose leukemic cells showed a karyotypic abnormality on cytogenetic analysis had an increased probability of relapse as compared to those with karyotypically normal leukemic cells (P = 0.04). Following transplantation, the persistence of leukemic cells in the marrow one week after transplantation indicated an increased likelihood of failure to achieve remission and an increased likelihood of subsequent relapse in those who achieved a remission (P < 0.001).
Effect of a single ingestion of alcohol on iron absorption
Authors: Celada Antonio , Rudolf Hans , Donath Alfred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of alcohol on inorganic and organic iron absorption was studied in 70 subjects, using a whole‐body counter technique. The mean iron absorption of a test dose was 24.44%, while in the presence of whisky, absorption fell to 9.73% (P < 0.0001). Absorption of a test dose in the presence of whisky without alcohol was 10.14% (P < 0.0001). The alcohol in whisky, therefore, was not responsible for the diminshed iron absorption (P > 0.20).The absorption of the iron contained in wine with alcohol was 73.31 μg and wine without alcohol was 67.50 μg. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.20).The absorption of inorganic iron contained in a test meal was 165.55 μg and was not changed in the presence of ethanol (151.35 μg) (P > 0.10). However, the presence of ethanol affected the absorption of heme iron: 538.68 μg compared with 442.41 μg with ethanol (P < 0.0001).These studies show that the acute ingestion of ethanol does not influence the absorption of inorganic iron, while it does diminish the absorption of the organic form.
Spontaneous resolution of severe aplastic anemia associated with viral hepatitis a in a 6‐year‐old child
Authors: Smith Dean , Gribble T. John , Yeager Anne S. , Schwartz Herbert C. , Robinson William , Greenberg Harry B. , Purcell Robert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecovery from acquired aplastic anemia associated with hepatitis is rare. This case of a 6‐year‐old boy with severe aplastic anemia is the first reported association of this disease with a hepatitis A infection. Antibody to hepatitis A (anti‐HA) was not detected on admission, but was detected three weeks later. Infection with hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) were excluded. The peak titer of anti‐HA was higher than would be expected for passive transfer of antibody resulting from transfusions. The persistence of antibody for more than 20 months after the last transfusion was not consistent with passive antibody, which would be expected to disappear over that time. This child had indications for allogeneic marrow transplant and a sibling donor who was histocompatible. However, the transplant was postponed because the prognosis was considered to be poor in the presence of active hepatitis. There was a spontaneous remission without the necessity of the transplantation procedure.
Red‐cell hypoplasia and increased bone marrow reticulin in systemic lupus erythematosis: Reversal with corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Cavalcant Jack , Shadduck Richard K. , Winkeistein Alan , Zeigler Zella , Mendelow Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 29‐year‐old Chinese male developed severe aregenerative anemia. The bone marrow was diffusely hypercellular with increased marrow reticulin and a persistent failure of eryihroid differentiation beyond the pronormoblast stage. Although he did not manifest classic features of systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple serologic studies were in accord with this diagnosis.The patient's defect in erythropoiesis was studied by an in vitro technique for the growth of erythroid colonies. Despite the severe erythroid hypoplasia, the patient's marrow yielded abundant large erythroid colonies. Serum erythropoietin activity was high as judged by use of this in vitro assay. Although the patient's native serum did not affect colony formation, a separated IgG fraction was markedly inhibitory to colony growth. This suggests that the erythroid hypoplasia may have resulted from a unique autoantibody. The patient's hematologic abnormalities completely reversed following treatment with corticosteroids.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation and related syndromes: Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Bick Rodger L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is being recognized with increased frequency and not only are newer diagnostic modilities becoming available for this syndrome, but newer, some controversial, methods of management are also being recognized and may prove to increase survival in DIC. In addition, several syndromes classically considered seprate, definitive disease entities, may actually share similar or identical pathophysiology to DIC. This review summarizes current, as well as controversial aspects of the etiology, pathophysiolog, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and management of DIC. In addition, a brief discussion of syndromes which may share similar or identical pathophysiology to DIC is included.
Serial studies on in vitro colony formation in patients with acute leukemia in relation to the maintenance of remission
Authors: Kubota Kazuo , Mizoguchi Hideaki , Miura Yasusada , Chiyoda Shin , Muto Yoshitomo , Takaku Fumimaro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the purpose of preventing a relapse of acute leukemia which is currently the major problem in the successful treatment of the disease, repeated consolidation or intensification therapy during the first year following remission is important. To evaluate these therapies, we investigated the serial changes in CFU‐C's of the marrow cells from 12 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in remission and tried to estimate the relationship between the intensity of consolidation or intensification therapy and the duration of remission, utilizing the degree of reduction in CFU‐C's seven days after these treatments as an indicator. As a result, after 21 out of 22 courses of therapy where CFU‐C's were reduced significantly after the therapy, the patients were still in remission at the time of the next intensification therapy (at most for about 100 days). On the other hand, after five out of ten courses where CFU‐C's were not reduced significantly, the patients were in relapse at the time of the next intensification therapy. From these results, it may be inferred that cases whose CFU‐C's are not reduced significantly should be treated intensively again within a short period.
Marrow adipose tissue: Response to erythropoiesis
Authors: Bathija Ambika , Davis Stephen , Trubowitz Sidney 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA group of rabbits was treated chronically with phenylhydrazine to induce hemolysis and stimulate erythropoiesis. The mean volume of the marrow fat cell of a control group of hematologically normal rabbits was 54.8 pl; the mean volume of the perinephric fat cell was 549.5 pl, a volume ratio, perinephric/marrow of 10: 1. In the experimental animals the mean volume of the marrow fat cell fell to 25.9 pl; the volume of the perinephric fat cell was unchanged and the volume ratio, perinephric/marrow was 18: 1. Fat cell volume studies performed on rabbits subjected to chronic bleeding yielded comparable data. The l‐C14 palmitate uptake (esterification capacity) calculated on a cell basis was the same for both marrow and perinephric fat cells and was unaffected by phenylhydrazine treatment. The fatty acid composition shows higher content of unsaturated fatty acids in the marrow fat than in the perinephric fat of the control animal. In the experimental animal there appears to be a preferential release of the unsaturated fatty acid. The findings of the study suggest that increased hematopoiesis stimulates lipolysis of marrow fat cells, probably through the local release of a chemical substance. Marrow fat appears to be functionally related to hematopoiesis rather than to systemic fat storage. Marrow fat may be involved in the metabolic support of hematopoiesis.
Giant platelet granules in a child with the chediak‐higashi syndrome
Authors: Parmley R. T. , Poon M.‐C. , Crist W. M. , Malluh A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious ultrastructural investigations have not identified abnormal lysosomes in platelets obtained from humans or animals with the Chediak‐Higashi Syndrome. We report here a patient whose megakaryocytes and platelets were found to contain giant granules when viewed by light and electron microscopy. The granules measured up to 1.5 μm in diameter, contained either homogeneous or heterogeneous material, were acid phosphatase positive, and were present in approximately 30% of bone marrow megakaryocytes and 5% of circulating platelets. A decrease was observed in serotonin containing dense granules, serotonin uptake and serotonin release as reported previously. Microtubules in platelets and megakaryocytes were intact and no other morphologic abnormalities were identified. No clinical evidence of bleeding was observed in this patient and platelet counts have been normal. The lack of giant platelet lysosomes in other reported cases of Chediak‐Higashi Syndrome attests to significant heterogeneity in this disease with a spectrum of clinical and laboratory findings.
Posttransfusion purpura: Therapeutic failure of PlAl‐negative platelet transfusion
Authors: Gerstner James B. , Smith Martin J. , Davis Kent D. , Cimo Philip L. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of platelet type‐specific transfusion in posttranfusion purpura is reported. Seven days after receiving 4 units of whole blood during total hip replacement a 69‐year‐old woman developed fulminant thrombocytopenic purpura. Her undiluted serum inhibited the clot retraction of PlAl‐positive, but not PlAl‐negative blood. Anti‐PlAl titer of her serum, determined by 51Cr platelet lysis technique, was 1:64. The serum had no lytic activity against platelet‐rich plasma from two PlAl‐negative donors. No anti‐HLA antibody was detectable in the serum by lymphocytotoxicity technique, and serum obtained prior to transfusions had no platelet lytic activity. Four units of PlAl‐negative platelet concentrate were administered, the first instance in which this treatment has been used. No rise in platelet count ensued, and the patient succumbed to purpura. Exchange transfusion or plasmapheresis remain the treatments of choice.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: Association with a platelet aggregating factor and arterial thromboses
Authors: Cimo Philip L. , Moake Joel L. , Weinger Ronald S. , Ben‐Menachem Yoram , Khalil Kamal G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia were studied. Thrombocytopenia appeared 3–16 days following the initiation of prophylactic or therapeutic doses of heparin. The mean lowest platelet count recorded was 48,000/mm3. When heparin was stopped, recovery from thrombocytopenia began within 24 hours and was complete by ten days. Two patients developed fatal thromboses, and two others had myocardial infarctions while thrombocytopenic. In the serum of seven patients, including three of the four with arterial thrombosis, a heparin‐dependent platelet aggregating factor was present. The factor caused release of platelet 14C serotonin but did not lyse platelets. It was present in the globulin fraction of all positive sera, and in one serum studied it was isolated in the IgG/IgA immunoglobulin fraction. The factor was not present in 16 normal sera or in the sera of 15 nonthrombocytopenic patients receiving heparin. Our observations suggest that heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia is common and that, in some patients it may be accompanied by severe arterial thrombosis. In vivo platelet aggregation is a possible explanation for the thrombocytopenia and the thrombosis in this disorder.
Bone marrow adipose tissue: Response to acute starvation
Authors: Bathija Ambika , Davis Stephen , Trubowitz Sidney 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdipose tissue is a major component of normal rabbit marrow. Its physiologic function has not been elucidated, but it is generally believed to be, essentially, a passive space filler. The response of marrow fat cells to lipolytic stimuli was studied by subjecting rabbits to acute starvation. Following 2 weeks of starvation and a weight loss of 28%, the mean marrow fat cell volume was 50.9 ± 9.6 pl (control, 42.8 ± 8.1 pl), and the mean volume of the perinephric fat cell 134.3 ± 87.8 picoliter (pl) (control, 318 ± 89.7 pl). Esterification capacity for labeled palmitate of the marrow fat cells did not change from control; the esterification capacity of the perinephric fat cells fell by about 60%. After 3 weeks of starvation and further weight loss to 34% of initial weight, the perinephric fat cells decreased their mean cell volume to 50.2 ± 33.6 pl. The marrow fat cell volume remained essentially unchanged from control. Esterification capacity of the marrow fat cells again did not differ from that of the control animals, but the esterification capacity of the perinephric fat cells fell further to 19% of that of the marrow fat cells. Despite the urgent energy requirements of the starved animals, the marrow fat cells did not yield their stored fat and continued to esterify free fatty acids at an unaltered rate. Drastic weight loss produced no change in volume, in esterification capacity, or in number of fat cells in the femoral marrow of the rabbit. Marrow adipocytes are metabolically active cells that are involved in the hematopoietic process rather than involved with the total energy needs of the animal.
Nonspecific serum iron in thalassemia: Quantitation and chemical reactivity
Authors: Graham Gary , Bates George W. , Rachmilewitz Eliezer A. , Hershko Chaim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe reported earlier an abnormal iron population in the serum of patients with transfusional hemosiderosis secondary to thalassemia. The iron is not bound to transferrin, ferritin, or hemoglobin and is referred to as nonspecific iron. This publication reports studies of the chemical reactivity and nature of the nonspecific iron and the development and validation of a method for its quantitative analysis. The quantitation depends on the mobilization of this iron from nonspecific macromolecular binding sites by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and subsequent separation from Fe3+‐transferrin‐CO⅔− and residual hemoglobin by ultrafiltration. Analyses of filtrate iron were carried out by atomic absorption and colorimetric methods. The accuracy of the test was established via an ultrafiltration titration of serum of known unsaturated iron‐binding capacity. The method proved to be accurate and highly reproducible. Sera containing artificial introduced nonspecific iron were prepared. The reactivity of artificial and thalassemic nonspecific iron was examined with regard to reduction and chelation, and chelation by apotransferrin. Artificial and thalassemic nonspecific iron were found to be virtually identical in reactivity and to exhibit multiphasic kinetics consistent with nonspecific binding to several serum protein sites. The reaction of apotransferrin with nonspecific iron was complete within one minute. The reduction‐chelation and apotransferrin reactivity studies offer independent analyses of nonspecific serum iron concentrations which compared closely with the chelation‐ultrafiltration technique.
Cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia in nonhematologic malignancies
Authors: Wortman J. , Rosse W. , Logue G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients with nonhematologic malignancies had the simultaneous finding of hemolytic anemia due to high‐titer cold agglutinins. In each patient, the cold agglutinin had “anti‐I” specificity and was of the IgM kappa immunoglobulin class. Although patients with hematologic malignancies not uncommonly have cold agglutinins, the association between these antibodies and nonhematologic malignancies is unusual.
Zinc inhibition of calmodulin: A proposed molecular mechanism of zinc action on cellular functions
Authors: Brewer George J. , Aster Jon C. , Knutsen Conrad A. , Kruckeberg Walter C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCalcium stimulates, and zinc inhibits, a wide variety of cell types. In the erythrocyte, we have found calcium and zinc to have antagonistic actions in a variety of systems. An important mechanism for calcium effects on cells is activation of calmodulin. Calmodulin is a small ubiquitous protein which, when activated by calcium, has a large array of cellular regulatory functions. We now report that calmodulin function is inhibited by low concentrations of zinc. Zinc inhibition of calmodulin provides a rational molecular mechanism for the diverse cellular inhibitory effects of zinc, as well as for zinc's antagonism of calcium effects.
Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children
Authors: McWilliams Nancy B. , Maurer Harold M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) characteristically follows a viral illness in preschool children. The exact role of viruses in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains uncertain, but the finding of markedly elevated levels of platelet‐associated IgG serves to distinguish it from the chronic form of the disease and permits speculation on the mechanisms of platelet destruction. Although the spleen is important in both antibody production and platelet destruction, bone marrow synthesis of IgG has also been shown to be increased.The clinical course may be alarming, but mortality is low and prognosis excellent. Controversy has surrounded the role of steroids in the management of acute childhood ITP in retrospective studies. Controlled studies, however, indicate that thrombocytopenia is reversed sooner in treated patients.New assays for platelet‐associated IgG offer new insights into this disorder and will allow delineation of acute and chronic disease at the time of diagnosis.
Characterization of platelets from normal mink and mink with the Chediak‐Higashi syndrome
Authors: Meyers K. M. , Holmsen H. , Seachord C. L. , Hopkins G. , Gorham J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBleeding times of mink with the Chediak‐Higashi (CH) syndrome was markedly prolonged. Platelet counts were normal but there was an impaired platelet aggregation response to collagen. The metabolic adenine nucleotide pool of platelets from normal and CH mink was labeled with 14C‐adenine and the platelets were gel‐filtered. Gel‐filtered platelets (GFP) from CH mink contained only 37.9% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 9.6% of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) found in normal platelets and the ATP/ADP ratio was similar to the 14C‐ATP/14C‐ADP ratio. Platelet content of Ca2+, Mg2+, and in particular 5‐hydroxytryptamine was decreased. When GFP were incubated with thrombin to induce maximal secretion, only negligible amounts of ATP and ADP were released. The specific activity of the extracellular nucleotides approximated that within the platelet. These findings suggest that the stored nucleotide pool in CH platelets is virtually absent and that the abnormalities in platelet function may be due, in part, to the essential absence of secretable ADP and serotonin. The release of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by CH platelets was 56% and 27.8% of normal, respectively.