bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo thermographic analysis of clear corneal incision during phacoemulsification: comparison for coaxial, microcoaxial and bimanual techniques
Authors: DUPONT‐MONOD S , LABBE A , CHASSIGNOL A , GRISE A , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To measure the wound corneal temperature of clear corneal incisions (CCIs) during phacoemulsification (PKE) using different surgical techniques: standard coaxial, microincision coaxial and microincision bimanual. Methods Human corneal emissivity was determined on corneal graft with the “Black Tape” method. After validation of the method on porcine corneas, the temperature of 35 CCIs was recorded continuously during PKE (7 coaxial with 1.8 mm incision, 14 coaxial 2.2 mm, 8 coaxial 2.75 mm, and 6 bimanual 1.3 mm) using portable laser targeted infrared thermometer. Results No thermal differences were observed within the three groups in PKE mode 1 (nucleus sculpting and grooving) (p=0.56) and in PKE mode 2 (nuclear fragments phacoemulsification) (p=0.32). Bimanual 1.3 mm CCIs’s temperature was lower than the three other groups during irrigation‐aspiration mode (p<0.05). Conclusion Clear corneal microincisions did not induce temperature increase of CCIs during phacoemulsification compared to larger incisions.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the tenomodulin gene (TNMD) in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: NEVALAINEN T , TOLPPANEN AM , KOLEHMAINEN M , PULKKINEN L , UUSITUPA M , KAARNIRANTA K 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose TNMD is an X‐chromosomal gene, which encodes a putative angiogenesis inhibitor, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, which has proven to be expressed in retina. Associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of TNMD with the prevalence of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) was examined. Methods The study population comprised of 38 men and 65 women with exudative AMD, 16 men and 23 women with dry AMD and 35 men and 75 women without AMD (controls). Patients with choroidal neovascularization attributable to AMD were diagnosed by fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography in the Department of Ophthalmology at Kuopio University Hospital. There were no signs of AMD in the control group as visualized in fundus photographs. In both groups, selection criteria required subjects to be over 65 years of age and diabetes mellitus was considered an exclusion criterion. Results Men with rs5966709‐G genotype had higher prevalence of AMD (exudative and dry form combined) than subjects with rs5966709‐T‐genotype (69% vs 47%, p=0.045). However, the difference in the prevalence of exudative and dry form of AMD was not statistically significant (p=0.061, p=0.179). Among women the subjects with rs2073163‐CT‐genotype had lower prevalence (28%) of exudative form of AMD than other genotypes (49% and 59% for subjects with rs2073163‐CC‐ and rs2073163‐TT‐genotypes, correspondingly, p=0.028). Conclusion The rs5966709‐G genotype of TNMD is a modest AMD risk factor for men, while rs2073163‐CT‐genotype might be protective for women in exudative AMD.
Three Families with Best’s Disease and Normal Electro‐oculogram Recordings
Authors: ARNDT C , MEUNIER IA , BEN SALAH S , BAZALGETTE C , VALETTE L , MAZOIR E , SENECHAL A , HAMEL C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To describe 3 families with Best’s disease with normal electro‐oculogram (EOG) and without VMD2 mutations. Methods Evaluation of the patients included visual acuity, fundus and autofluorescence (Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph), Goldmann visual fields, optical coherence tomography (Zeiss, OCT3), full field (ISCEV protocol) and multifocal electroretinograms, and EOG (ISCEV protocol). The diagnosis of Best’s disease was based on autosomal dominant inheritance, typical yellowish, autofluorescent material in the central macula accumulating beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, and decrease of the EOG Arden ratio. Results Among the 1130 families with various retinal dystrophies followed up in Montpellier, 40 (3.5%) were found with vitelliform macular dystrophy. Best’s disease was observed in 20 of them while 13 families had adult macular vitelliform dystrophy and 7 had reticular dystrophy. In the group with Best’s disease, a normal EOG was recorded in 3 families. None of these 3 families carried mutations in VMD2 or RDS, and linkage to the VMD2 locus was excluded in one of them. Conclusion In patients with Best’s disease and VMD2 (bestrophin) mutations, the decreased response of the EOG is attributed to an abnormal transepithelial chloride transport. However, the observation of families with normal EOG and no VMD2 mutations suggests that other genes are responsible for Best’s disease which could not impair the ionic transport but yet lead to similar subretinal deposits.
EyeDiagnostics – a collaboration tool in eye care
Authors: MARTIN LM , DOCKMO Y , SONNSJÖ B , GLÜCKMAN T , WANGER P 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose An Internet‐based system for inter‐professional collaboration between opticians/optometrists and ophthalmologists was developed and tested during 2007‐2008. The purpose of the current study was to describe the main screening findings and the actions taken, based on the test results. Methods State‐of‐the‐art non‐mydriatic fundus cameras and visual field testing equipment were installed and the opticians were offered targeted training in the use of these instruments. The examination results were uploaded to EyeDiagnostics server and evaluated by ophthalmologists. 2301 subjects,63% women and 37% men, age 24 to 91 years (median 63, IQ 53‐73), have been examined by one of 55 different opticians and the findings evaluated by one of two experienced ophthalmologist. Results 63% (1 335) of the examined subjects showed no abnormalities. In 30% (675) a follow‐up examination was judged to be indicated, which could be performed by the optician. 7% (159) of the tested subjects were referred to ophthalmic health care for treatment or further examinations. Conclusion Modern technology in communication, fundus imaging and visual field examination have made it possible to reach a large number of people with advanced ophthalmic testing. This increase in diagnostic facilities can be expected to reduce workload in medical ophthalmic care, since many subjects, e.g. with family history of glaucoma, can be screened and followed using the EyeDiagnostics system.
Commercial interest
Ophthabase: a generic extensible patient registry system
Authors: TRÖGER E , WILKE R , PROKOFYEVA E , ZRENNER E 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To allow analyses on large amounts of patient datasets as well as to assemble populations of patients for clinical trials it is of great importance to have a robust and easily accessible patient registry system. Problems regarding technological and organisational aspects are usually reappearing among such systems. To enhance reusability we are pursuing a generic approach for our system, using a standardized model as a basis for free specifications of data definitions. Methods The system is a Web application based on the Java. The model containing the data definitions is based on the CDISC Operational Data Model (ODM), a common standard for interchange of clinical data. The ODM‐file is parsed at compile‐time to generate the persistence layer, as well as templates for the Web‐masks, reports, search‐forms and interfaces. The application includes reusable aspects, e.g. auditing mechanisms, user management and input validation. Results The generic system was successfully used in Tuebingen to construct a concrete patient registry called Ophthabase. Although created for ophthalmology, the generic concept allows creation of almost any kind of patient registry. The patient registry can easily be modified by editing the ODM‐file. The generated system is less error‐prone during system development, since data modelling is separated from technological concerns. Conclusion The generic concept will be extended in the future to further augment the patient registry systems, e.g. by adding sophisticated search routines, analytic functionality or optional pedigrees. Multi‐centre data interchange will be possible based on Web Services using a mediator‐server able to match ODM‐models of different patient registries. The ODM‐file can also be used to configure clinical trial systems.
Prevalence of age‐related macular degeneration in the AGES ‐ Reykjavik Study
Authors: ARNARSSON A , JONASSON F , EIRIKSDOTTIR G , HARRIS T , LAUNER L , KLEIN BEK , KLEIN R , COTCH MF , GUDNASON V 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence of age‐related macular degeneration in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility ‐ Reykjavik Study. Methods The random sample includes individuals born between 1907 and 1935 who were recruited to participate from 2002‐2006. 5272 participated in the 3rd follow‐up visit which included an eye examination. After a maximum dilatation of the pupil all had a digital fundus photography centered on the macula. The photographs were graded by masked graders at the Wisconsin Ocular Epidemiology Grading Center using a modification of the Wisconsin Age‐related Maculopathy Grading System. Results The participants were 67 years and older. There were 5138 right macular fundus photographs gradable for early age‐related maculopathy (ARM). The prevalence of early ARM was 18.3% (95% CI 17.3‐18.9). Among the participants 4.4% (95% CI 3.9‐4.7) had late age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). For pure geographic atrophy (GA) there were 5036 gradable photographs of the right macula and the prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI 1.7‐2.3). Those with GA and also exudative AMD (mixed type) are not included in this category. For exudative late AMD there were 5152 gradable photographs of the right macula and the prevalence was 2.3% (95% CI 1.9‐2.5). GA, when present, was located in the centre circle (foveal area) in the vast majority of cases. Conclusion We found a steep age‐related increase in the prevalence of age‐related maculopathy in this elderly white population and geographic atrophy was usually located in the foveal area. The prevalence was similar for both late types of age‐related macular degeneration.
Anthropomorphic measurements and general and ocular parameters in adult Chinese. The Beijing eye study
Authors: JONAS JB , XU L , WANG Y , ZHANG H 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To determine whether anthropomorphic measurements are associated with ocular and general parameters. Methods The population‐based Beijing Eye Study, which included 4439 subjects (age: 40+ years) out of 5324 subjects invited to be examined in the year 2001, was repeated in 2006 with 3251 (73.2% of 4439, or 61.1% of 5324) subjects participating. The anthropomorphic measurements body height and weight, socioeconomic variables, and ocular parameters were evaluated. Results Out of the 3251 subjects included in the study, measurements of body height and weight were available for 3214 (98.9%) subjects. In multivariate analysis, body height was significantly associated with the systemic parameters higher level of education (P=0.004), higher income (P<0.001), lower body mass index (P<0.001), lower systolic blood pressure (P=0.012), higher diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001), male gender (P<0.001), lower age (P<0.001) and living in an urban region (P<0.001), and with the ocular parameter of a deep anterior chamber (P<0.001). Conclusion In adult Chinese, body length is associated with higher level of education, higher income, lower systolic blood pressure, higher diastolic blood pressure, lower body mass index, in addition to living in an urban region and to be male. From an ophthalmic point of view, tall subjects had deeper anterior chambers. Since the socioeconomic, systemic and ocular parameters examined influence occurrence and therapy of ocular diseases, these data may helpful in the assessment of risk factors and in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases.
Diagnostic ability of glaucoma probability score to discriminate between healthy individuals and glaucoma suspects
Authors: FERRERAS A , PAJARIN AB , PINILLA I , FOGAGNOLO P , GUERRI MONCLUS N , EGEA ESTOPINAN MC , GARCIA‐MARTIN E 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the contour‐line independent glaucoma probability score (GPS) classification obtained with the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) 3 to differentiate between healthy and suspected glaucoma subjects (SG). Methods 62 normal eyes and 48 SG (normal standard automated perimetry, intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg, and retinal nerve fiber layer defects measured with Stratus optical coherence tomography or scanning laser polarimetry GDx VCC) were included. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the GPS numerical values and compared with HRT3 stereometric parameters. Results GPS nasal and the FSM discriminant function had the best ability to differentiate between healthy and suspected glaucoma eyes. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.830 and 0.818, respectively. Sensitivity was 47.9% for GPS nasal at a fixed specificity of 90%. Conclusion GPS had a good diagnostic ability to discriminate between normal and SG. There are structural changes at early stages of the disease that can be quantified by means of GPS.
Optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in perimetrically unaffected eyes of glaucoma patients: an optical coherence tomography study
Authors: DI STEFANO G , DA POZZO S , FANNI D , RAVALICO G 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT) may detect early changes in perimetrically unaffected (PU) fellow eyes of glaucomatous patients by analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH). Methods 37 glaucomatous patients with unilateral field loss and 34 age‐matched controls were recruited. In glaucoma patients, PU eyes and the affected ones were analyzed separately. For each group, mean values (±SD) of age, mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, as well as RNFL thickness parameters and ONH measurements were calculated. Comparisons between fellow eyes of glaucoma patients and between healthy and PU eyes of glaucoma patients conducted with t test and Mann‐Whitney U‐test, respectively. Number of clock‐hour sectors flagged with probability levels <5% or <1% were collected and differences between healthy subjects and PU eyes of glaucoma patients evaluated on Fisher exact test. Results Global (Average Thickness) and sectoral parameters (Inferior and Nasal Average), Max‐min, as well as 2‐ and 6‐o’clock sectors resulted significantly thinner in PU eyes than in control group, whereas ONH analysis did not provide any significant difference between the two groups. Proportion of eyes with clock‐hour position flagged with probability <5% or <1% was not significantly different between healthy and PU eyes. Conclusion PU eyes of glaucoma patients represent a group at risk to develop functional impairment over time since an early RNFL thinning was identified on OCT.
Pharmacological control of myopia ‐ current options and future possibilities
Authors: WILDSOET C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To review current pharmacological options for myopia control and explore future options. The underlying cause of both myopia and associated retinal complications is excessive ocular growth, which is a logical target for pharmacological intervention. Methods This presentation will review relevant research using animal models for myopia as well as clinical myopia research. Results The first attempts to control human myopia with drugs date back to the middle of the 19th century and involved topical atropine, an antimuscarinic drug. Possible reasons for why it remains the only drug in wide‐spread use for myopia control today, despite its significant adverse ocular side‐effects, will be considered along with general and drug‐specific clinical issues associated with long‐term use of topical ophthalmic formulations. Other plausible pharmacological treatment options will also be explored. Conclusion Progress in developing acceptable drug treatments for myopia control has been disappointing, especially given the near epidemic levels of myopia in some countries. However, the increased attention paid to the translation value of biomedical research may help to change this situation.
Derangement of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) activity in progressive myopia
Authors: IOMDINA E , KOSTANYAN I , RADCHENKO V , KAKUEV D , MINKEVICH N , SHEKHTER A , TARUTTA E , KVARATSKHELIJA N 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To study the Tenon’s capsule ultrastructure and PEDF metabolism of the sclera and Tenon’s capsule in progressive myopia. Methods Transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against PEDF molecule, nucleotide sequence of PEDF mRNA and histochemistry with Kongo red staining specific to amyloid structures have been used to study 140 samples of 106 eyes of patients aged 7‐22 with progressive myopia of 5.5‐31.0 D and 29 eyes of patients aged 7‐23 with emmetropia or low hyperopia (control group). The samples were obtained during scleroplasty, squint and eye trauma surgery. Results Myopic samples of the Tenon’s capsule showed a looser and less regular organization of collagen fibrils, and a fall of the mean fibril diameter (d=75.7±7 nm) as compared to control samples (d=87±9 nm). These structural abnormalities are similar to those of highly myopic sclera. Soluble PEDF level decreased 2‐3 times, while accumulation of insoluble PEDF around fibroblasts was found to correlate with the formation of amyloid‐like fibril structures and an increased PEDF stability to hydrolysis. In PEDF’s mRNA obtained from myopic sclera 3 point mutations were revealed. All these substitutions change conservative amino acid residues near the serpin loop and can affect the conformation and stability of PEDF molecule. Conclusion Serious defects of extracellular matrix organization and disorders in PEDF metabolism in the highly myopic Tenon’s capsule were detected.These disorders may contribute to myopia progression and development of its complications.
Use of imposed myopic defocus to control the progression of myopia
Authors: MORGAN IG 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Animal studies suggest that axial elongation of the eye is controlled by pathways that detect hyperopic defocus (growth‐promoting) and others that detect myopic defocus (growth‐inhibiting). The inhibitory pathways generate more powerful signals, and brief periods of imposed myopic defocus block the axial elongation induced by otherwise constant hyperopic defocus. An intervention to prevent myopic progression based on these findings was trialled in a Sydney paediatric ophthalmology practice. Methods The study was approved by the ANU Human Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of 30 progressing myopes. Participants removed their corrections for 30 minutes per day, replacing them with +3D glasses. During this period, they were encouraged to avoid nearwork. Participants were followed for two years, with initial and final cycloplegic retinoscopy, and subjective refraction and axial length measured at 4 monthly intervals. Results Complete data was obtained for 20 participants. In 13 cases, there was sufficient pre‐trial data on subjective refractions to compare pre‐trial progression with progression during the trial. Of the 26 eyes available for this analysis, progression was reduced by over 80‐100% in 7 eyes, by 60‐80% in 7 eyes, by 40‐60% in 5 eyes, by 20‐40% in 1 eye, and by less than 20% in 6 eyes. In 16/26 eyes, the estimated reduction in progression was at least 1D over the two years. Conclusion These results are consistent with other data on the impact of imposed myopic defocus in humans. However, an RCT in Singapore using monocular rather than binocular treatment has given negative results. A school‐based trial of binocular treatment has now commenced in Guangzhou in collaboration with Professor Mingguang He of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre.
Central corneal thickness effect on GDx VCC parameters
Authors: BORQUE E , FERRERAS A , PUEYO V , POLO V , LARROSA JM , ALIAS EG 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Evaluate the effect of extreme central corneal thickness in RNFL parameters measured by GDx VCC. Methods A total of 131 eyes of 131 subjects were included divided into 60 control and 71 glaucoma patients. All of the glaucoma eyes had reproducible defects on standard automated perimetry. Central corneal thickness was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter. ROC curves were plotted in the sample subgroups with exteme pachimetry values (outside mean ± 2SD) and were compared with ROC curves of the subjects in the normal pachimetry range (mean ± 2SD). Results No differences were found in the areas under the ROC curve of the parameter of the GDx VCC in thinnest and thickest subgroups when compared with the mean pachymetry group. Conclusion Central corneal thickness has no influence in RNFL measurements of GDx VCC.
Clinical Assessment of Disc at Risk
Authors: LATIES AM , JONAS JB 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Diagnostic agreement among clinicians is fundamental to a clinical diagnostic criterion. We assessed the inter‐observer variability among examiners for the clinical entity popularly called Disc at Risk, a risk factor for non‐arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods Examiners graded a randomized series of 40 monoscopic optic nervehead images, yes or no, as to whether each individual image merited the clinical diagnosis of a Disc at Risk. Ten academic ophthalmologists including (7 neuroophthalmologists) Group 1 and Group 2, 51 comprehensive ophthalmologists familiar with NAION participated. Results Good agreement was found for Group 1 at lower cup‐disc ratios, (CD ratio) reaching 100% for horizontal CD ratios below 0.27. Agreement fell sharply at horizontal CD ratios 0.28 and above. Disagreement was high in horizontal CD ratios from 0.38 to 0.47 (26 Yes responses to 44 No). When vertical or when horizontal and vertical ratios were combined percent agreement followed a similar pattern. For comprehensive ophthalmologists (Group 2) percent agreement was consistently less than Group 1. Agreement varied from 26 to 74% across the full range of horizontal CD ratios. Conclusion Poor agreement among comprehensive ophthalmologists over a wide range of CD ratios, undermines the creditability of the assessment in regular clinical practice. Even though skilled practitioners of Group I demonstrated better agreement than did comprehensive ophthalmologists, lack of agreement was evident over a broad range of common CD ratios. As a result, the diagnosis of a Disc at Risk is rendered suspect in many instances even by this specialist group.