bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A NEW AND POTENT PROGESTAGEN. A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Viinikka Lasse , Ylikorkala Olavi , Nummi Simo , Virkkunen Pekka , Ranta Tapio , Alapiessa Unto , Vihko Reijo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The biological effects of a new synthetic progestagen, Org 2969 (13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol) were studied in healthy normally menstruating women. Two of them were given 0.125 mg, five 0.060 mg and two 0.030 mg of Org 2969 daily on days 1–20 during one menstrual cycle. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone and oestradiol were analyzed on days 8–23 in order to evaluate the function of the hypophyseal-ovarian axis. The serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and bilirubin were determined to evaluate possible side effects on liver function on days 8, 15 and 23. Serum cortisol was measured on days 8 and 23. The basal body temperature was recorded daily during the whole cycle, and endometrium biopsies were taken on days 21 or 22 of the cycle. All samples were taken similarly during the treatment cycle and the preceding control cycle. According to the hormone determinations, all the treatment cycles were anovulatory except in one woman receiving the lowest dose. The treatment led to decreased spinnbarkeit, arborization and sperm penetration in the cervical mucus. Liver function tests and serum cortisol remained unchanged during the treatment.
OLIGOMERIC OESTRADIOL ESTERS: A NEW CLASS OF LONG-ACTING OESTROGENS
Authors: Kuhl Herbert , Auerhammer Walter , Taubert Hans-Dieter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dimeric and trimeric oestradiol derivatives were administered as single subcutaneous injections into ovariectomized rats and the duration of oestrogenic effect was determined by means of daily vaginal smears. It could be shown that these preparations have a very protracted oestrogenic effect, and their threshold dose is considerably higher as compared to monomeric oestradiol diacetate. A dimeric compound containing one free hydroxy group caused a relatively even response in all animals with a linear relationship between the logarithm of dose and the duration of action. The effect was even more protracted when fully esterified dimeric or trimeric oestradiol succinates were used, but occurred in a more scattering manner. The duration of effect of 40 μg of the trimeric compound exceeded that of the equivalent dose of oestradiol undecylate. It is conceivable that the depot-effect of these oestradiol derivatives is due to delayed elimination.
ANALYSIS OF SUCKLING-INDUCED CHANGES IN ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL PROLACTIN CONCENTRATION IN THE LACTATING RAT BY THREE ASSAY METHODS
Authors: Nicoll C. S. , Mena F. , Nichols C. W. , Green Suzanne H. , Tai Mary , Russell Sharon M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Suckling-induced changes in adenohypophyseal prolactin (PRL) concentrations in lactating rats were measured in two experiments by three assays: a disc electrophoretic assay (DEA), a bioassay (BA) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Substantial discrepancies among the three assays were found in the absolute amounts of pituitary PRL measured and in the changes in adenohypophyseal PRL concentration that were recorded between suckling intervals. The results indicate that in dynamic states of secretory activity the correspondence among BA, RIA and DEA estimates of pituitary PRL concentration is poor.
HORMONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS SUCCESSFULLY OPERATED FOR PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Muls E. , Bouillon R. , De Moor P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied during the first seven days after the operative removal of the parathyroid adenoma with special emphasis on biochemical and hormonal changes during the first 24 h. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels fell abruptly after the parathyroidectomy and normalized within 3 h. The half-life of the biologically inert c-terminal PTH-fragment (M. W. 7000–7500) was calculated to be about 180 min. No significant changes in serum calcitonin levels were found. The serum phosphorus levels, which were already low pre-operatively, decreased transiently but significantly during the first 90 min after the removal of the parathyroid adenoma. This fall in serum phosphorus preceded a slow decrease of the calcaemia. During the first post-operative week the calcaemia continued to decline, while serum phosphorus levels increased. The pre-operative cholesterol levels were low compared to age-paired normal Belgians. During the first post-operative week the cholesterolaemia decreased even more, whereas at long term follow-up a clearcut increase of the serum cholesterol levels has to be expected.
A STUDY OF INSULIN RECEPTORS IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Pedersen Oluf , Beck-Nielsen Henning 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin binding sites were demonstrated in human mononuclear leucocytes by use of a technique which includes isolation of mononuclear leucocytes from defibrinated blood and separation of cell bound and free [125I] insulin with silicone oil.
The binding was time and temperature dependent. At 15°C equilibrium was reached after 90 min and a plateau maintained for at least 50 min. Incubations were carried out at 4°C, 15°C and 37°C. Maximal binding was obtained at 15°C. The optimum pH for insulin receptor interaction occurred at about 8. [125I] insulin binding to mononuclear leucocytes was demonstrated to be a linear function of cell number concentration over a range of 17–70× 106×ml−1. The binding was a displaceable function of native insulin concentration.
In a group of 21 young healthy persons with normal body weight we found a mean specific cell binding fraction of 1.92 ± 0.58 (s) × 10−2. Analysis of the equilibrium between insulin and its receptor revealed an apparent heterogeneity of insulin receptors.
METABOLISM OF 20β-HYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE IN UTERINE TISSUE OF NON-PREGNANT RATS IN VITRO
Authors: Lisboa B. P. , Holtermann M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro experiments carried out with uterus preparations of ovariectomized adult rats indicate the presence in this tissue of a 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase which catalyzes the conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone.
Since a hepatic 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase is absent in adult female rats, the myometrial enzyme can be responsible for the biological activity of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in these animals.
Besides progesterone five metabolites were isolated and identified after incubation of [4-14C]20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one with uterine tissue: 20β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one, 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one, 5α-pregnane-3α,20β-diol, 4-pregnene-3α,20β-diol and 4-pregnene-3β,20β-diol. The conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone permits us to regard all five steroids isolated as progesterone metabolites in the rat uterus.
20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one is the first C21-metabolite with a 5β(H)-configuration isolated in the rat uterus, which indicates the presence of 5β-reductase in this tissue.
PROGESTERONE-INDUCED AUGMENTATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSES TO LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE IN OESTROGEN-PRE-TREATED AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN
Authors: Nillius Sven Johan , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Modulating effects of oestradiol-17β and progesterone on the pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) were investigated in 12 women with functional amenorrhoea. The pituitary reserve capacity for gonadotrophin section was investigated with repeated intravenous LRH tests before and after administration of oestradiol-1β followed by either progesterone or saline. Intramuscular injection of 1 mg of oestradiol-17β benzoate resulted in a suppression of both the basal gonadotrophin levels in serum and the gonadotrophin responses to LRH 24 h later. Progesterone, 25 mg im, was then administered in eleven experiments. Six h later, when the mean serum progesterone level had increased to levels similar to those seen in the early post-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, there was a marked augmentation of the pituitary capacity to release both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in response to LRH. This was not found in eight experiments where saline was given instead of progesterone after oestrogen pretreatment. These findings suggest that the greatly increased pituitary sensitivity to LRH at midcycle may be caused not only by the oestradiol increase in blood during the late follicular phase but also in part by the small pre-ovulatory rise of progesterone during the mid-cyclic LH peak. Furthermore, they add further support to the hypothesis that progesterone as well as oestradiol is involved in the induction of the LH peak at midcycle. Progesterone may be of importance to secure the release of enough LH for ovulation and normal corpus luteum formation to occur.
PROLACTIN IN THE RAM: SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD PLASMA FROM BIRTH UNTIL THREE YEARS OLD
Authors: Ravault J. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Peripheral prolactin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in nine Ile de France rams, born in autumn and reared under natural conditions of light and temperature until three years old. During December, when the rams were 80–100 days old, a brief and transitory peak of prolactin occurred (70 ng PS6/ml plasma ± 10 ng). During each following year, the prolactin level fell in winter to approximately 20 ng/ml. However, in summer the prolactin level was 4 times higher than the winter level during the first year and 11 times higher during the 2nd and 3rd years. A possible role of prolactin variation throughout the breeding season is discussed.
THYROID HORMONE RESPONSE TO VARYING DOSES OF TSH
Authors: Faber Jens , Friis Thorkild , Kirkegaard Carsten , Lauridsen Ulrik Birk , Nerup Jørn , Rogowski Preben , Siersbœk-Nielsen Kaj 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fifty-five normal subjects were studied following intravenous injection of increasing doses of bovine thyrotrophin (b-TSH) from 0.5 to 250 mU/kg. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the TSH injection. Dose-related increments in serum T3 and T4 were demonstrated with doses of b-TSH = 2.5 mU/kg and a maximum response was obtained after approximately 100 mU/kg. The fractional increase in serum T3 was greater than in serum T4, but the ratio between the increase in serum T4 and serum T3 (21.3/1 ng/ng) was independent of the dose of b-TSH and time after TSH stimulation. The T3 response was reproducible and unaffected by sex and age.
DYNAMIC STUDY OF POST-NATAL THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Vigouroux E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thyroid function in development was investigated in post-natal rats. The thyroid iodine content rapidly increased from birth (137 ± 26 ng iodine/mg thyroid) up to day 10 (338 ± 42 ng iodine/mg thyroid) then increased more slowly up to day 30 (425 ± 34 ng iodine/mg thyroid). The maximal plasma concentration of thyroxine was observed on day 16 (56.9 ± 3.5 ng T4/ml) and of iodide on day 10 (110.2 ± 12.6 ng I−/ml). The turnover rate constant of extrathyroidal thyroxine was higher at birth (8.0 ± 2.3 %/h) than at any older age studied (average 6 %/h). Thyroxine secretion by the thyroid was more intense before weaning (37 ng hormonal iodine/h/100 g body weight on days 10 and 20) than after weaning (22 ± 6 ng hormonal iodine/h/100 g body weight in 30 days old rats). The peripheral deiodination rate of thyroxine represented about 90 % thyroxine secretion rate in newborn and 10 days old rats and only 40% in adult females. In pre-weaning rats, after a single injection of both [131I]L-T4 and [125I]Na, extrathyroidal radioactivity disappeared more slowly than in 30 days old rats and adult animals. This suggests that iodide concentrations of extrathyroidal tissues are higher before than after weaning.
CORTICOSTERONE, 18-OH-DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE, DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE AND ALDOSTERONE SECRETION IN TISSUE CULTURE OF FOETAL RAT ADRENALS IN THE PRESENCE AND THE ABSENCE OF ACTH
Authors: Salmenperä M. , Kahri A. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for simultaneous analysis of the main corticosteroids secreted by the rat adrenal is described. Purification is performed using previously established steps involving dichloromethane extraction, ethanol-cyclohexane partition and Sephadex-LH-20 column chromatography. Deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone are then quantitated with radioimmunoassay and corticosterone and 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone with gas liquid chromatography as their 0-methyloxime-trimethylsilyl ethers. The coefficient of variation of the method for these steroids in concentrations found in the tissue culture of foetal rat adrenals varies between 3.9–10.9%
The secretion of these steroids in the tissue culture of foetal rat adrenals is studied. The steroid secretory pattern is correlated with a differentiation stage of the cultures as detected by electron microscopy. The initial secretory activity declines considerably after 15 days of cultivation to a low level. This is the case also with respect to aldosterone although the cortical cell population changed from the mixed population of the differentiated (zona fasciculata-like) and undifferentiated (zona glomerulosa-like) cells to homogenous undifferentiated growth. Addition of ACTH increased deoxycorticosterone secretion rapidly. Corticosterone, 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone secretion was observed only after the differentiation of the cells (especially changes in their mitochondrial compartment) was evident morphologically.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF ANAESTHETIZED EWES NEAR OESTRUS
Authors: Moor R. M. , Bruce N. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive microspheres were used to measure the rate and distribution of blood flow to the reproductive tract of anaesthetized sheep. Seven sheep were examined on day 14, 6 on day 15 and 10 on day 16 of the oestrous cycle: oestrus is normally on day 16 or 17. The rate of blood flow to the myometrium, endometrium and oviducts increased by 2-fold from day 14 to 15: the weights of these organs increased on day 16. Blood flow to the vagina and cervix increased by over 10-fold from day 14 to 15 but vaginal and cervical weights remained unchanged.
Thirty minutes after the administration of 1200 IU PMSG, blood flow increased in the vagina and cervix on day 14, the myometrium on day 15 and the vagina, cervix and oviducts on day 16. However, these results must be viewed with caution since there were substantial, though not significant changes in the controls. The results favour the hypothesis that, near the end of the oestrous cycle, oestrogen has a dominant role in the control of blood flow to the reproductive tract of sheep.
CYTOSOL AND NUCLEAR [3H]OESTRADIOL BINDING IN THE FOETAL TISSUES OF GUINEA PIG
Authors: Pasqualini J. R. , Sumida C. , Gelly C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The formation of [3H]oestradiol macromolecule complexes was studied in vivo and in vitro in the kidney, lung and liver of intact foetal guinea pig. Specific binding of [3H]oestradiol was demonstrated in the cytosol and nuclear fractions of foetal kidney. Intensive binding was found in the cytosol of foetal lung but most of the bound radioactive material (71 %) was [3H]oestrone. Some binding was found in the cytosol of foetal liver but not in the nucleus of this tissue.
In the in vivo experiments, the binding of radioactive material to plasma proteins was studied: 22 % of the plasma radioactivity was bound of which 67 % was identified as oestrone sulphate. Oestradiol sulphate represented 7 % and unconjugated oestradiol only 0.6 % (0.1 % of the total plasma radioactivity). On the other hand, 2–3 % of the foetal plasma radioactivity was found as unbound [3H]oestradiol.
In the kidney, the formation of [3H]oestradiol complexes in the cytosol fraction does not depend on temperature while nuclear [3H]oestradiol complexes increase with increasing temperature. Maximal formation of [3H]oestradiol complexes in the cytosol fraction and the 0.1 m TRIS and 0.3 m NaCl nuclear extracts was reached after 15 min but binding in the 1 m NaCl nuclear extract continued to increase up to 30 min.
After incubation of purified nuclei of foetal kidney with 1.1 × 10−7 m [3H]oestradiol, specific binding was found in the different nuclear fractions. Specific binding was also detected in isolated nuclei previously extracted by 0.1 m TRIS and 0.3 m NaCl before being incubated with 1.1 × 10−7 m [3H]oestradiol.
The Kd of binding of [3H]oestradiol in the renal cytosol fraction is 2.5 × 10−10 m with n = 4.5 × 10−14 moles/mg protein. Incubation of isolated 1 m NaCl nuclear extract from foetal kidney with [3H]oestradiol gives a Kd of 3.3 × 10−10 m with n = 2.5 × 10−14 moles/mg protein.
It is concluded that the nuclear complexes in the foetal kidney could be formed either through an intermediate cytosol complex or that the "two step" mechanism could take place in the nucleus. Furthermore, direct binding of [3H]oestradiol with high affinity was observed in the 1 m NaCl nuclear extract.
THE EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE ON PITUITARY-GONADAL FUNCTION IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Smals A. G. H. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Lequin R. M. , Benraad Th. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mean basal plasma LH and FSH levels in 8 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome were respectively 5 and 15-fold higher than in 8 eugonadal males, whereas plasma testosterone concentration were half the normal value
After an intravenous bolus injection of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (100 μg of LH-RH) the gonadotrophin increase in the Klinefelter patients was more marked than in the control subjects, but in both groups the plasma testosterone levels remained essentially unchanged. In contrast to the bolus injection, an 8 h infusion of LH-RH after the bolus elicited a significant plasma testosterone increase in both the eugonadal males (59%) and the Klinefelter patients (51%).
These findings indicate that despite an impressive endogenous hypergonadotrophism, Leydig cells in Klinefelter's syndrome can still respond to a sustained further increase of these endogenous gonadotrophins and thus still have functional reserve.
TRANSITORY GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Trygstad Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out in order to determine whether children with a transitory type of growth hormone deficiency showed an accelerated growth in height velocity on treatment with human growth hormone (HGH).
Following careful diagnostic routine procedures 13 extremely short children were diagnosed as having isolated growth hormone deficiency, and were successfully treated with HGH. A true isolated growth hormone deficiency was present in 5 of the children, whereas 8 showed a normal increase in serum growth hormone on repeated growth hormone stimulation tests after their development of puberty and termination of HGH treatment. Three boys with bone ages of 5.5, 8.0 and 9.5 years showed an undisputable effect following HGH administration. They showed an initial growth at the start of treatment, and a second growth spurt during development of puberty. Two of the boys reached final statures of 14 cm taller than the predicted heights. The other patients, including the children with true isolated growth hormone deficiency showed an initial spurt of growth at the start of the HGH treatment immediately followed by a pubertal growth spurt. The mean acceleration of height velocity for the children with true isolated growth hormone deficiency was from 3.4 cm during the year before treatment to 7.0 cm during the first year on treatment, as compared to 2.8 and 7.4 cm, respectively, for the children with transitory growth hormone deficiency. A girl with severe anorexia nervosa who had a transitory growth hormone deficiency, showed an accelerated high velocity from 1.1 cm to 7.6 cm during the first year following treatment with HGH.
The question whether HGH treatment should be made available to all short children with no known syndrome, and presenting a height less than −3.5 sds, a bone age/chronological age ratio of less than ⅔, and a height velocity less than −2 sds is discussed. The only way to know if a child will respond to HGH treatment is to give it for a trial period of at least six months. At least a physiological stimulus to growth hormone secretion should be decisive in the selection of growth retarded children for HGH treatment. Different mechanisms seem to be responsible for physiological growth hormone secretion to sleep or exercise, and the secretion obtained with pharmacological stimuli.
STIMULATORY EFFECT OF THE DOPA-DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITOR Ro 4-4602 ON PROLACTIN RELEASE; INHIBITION BY L-DOPA, METERGOLINE, METHYSERGIDE AND 2-Br-α-ERGOCRYPTINE
Authors: Pontiroli A. E. , Castegnaro E. , Vettaro M. P. , Viberti G. C. , Pozza G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the role of serotonin (5-HT) in the effect of L-dopa on prolactin (PRL) release, normal subjects received L-dopa alone or L-dopa plus a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (Ro 4-4602) in basal conditions and following the repeated administration of metergoline, a specific anti-5-HT agent. The inhibiting effect of L-dopa on PRL levels was enhanced by metergoline. On the contrary, L-dopa plus Ro 4-4602 induced a sharp increase in serum PRL levels. This effect was completely abolished by metergoline, which also significantly reduced fasting PRL levels in all the subjects studied. Ro 4-4602 alone induced a significant increase in serum PRL levels, similar to that commonly observed with chlorpromazine and TRH. The effect was similar in males and in females and was reproducible in experiments performed on different days. The effect of Ro 4-4602 was completely abolished by 2-Br-α-ergocryptine and metergoline, and, to a lesser degree, was reduced by methysergide. These results suggest that Ro 4-4602 is a reliable stimulus to PRL release and show that any stimulus to PRL secretion may be blocked by both dopa-minergic and anti-serotonin agents.
PLASMA PROLACTIN IN UNDISTURBED CANNULATED MALE RATS; EFFECTS OF PERPHENAZINE, FREQUENT SAMPLING, STRESS AND CASTRATION PLUS OESTRONE TREATMENT
Authors: Mattheij John A. M. , van Pijkeren Thea A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Blood was collected from undisturbed male rats by means of chronically indwelling intrajugular cannulae and the plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration was determined by a radioimmunoassay. The effect of perphenazine, frequent bleeding, handling and brief ether stress in normal males and of stress in castrated oestrone treated males was determined. The plasma PRL concentration in undisturbed intact males was low. Castration plus oestrone treatment for 3 or 7 weeks had little or no effect on the PRL concentration. Neither frequent blood sampling nor removal of 3 ml blood over a period of 5 h affected plasma PRL concentration. Intravenous administration of perphenazine caused a striking and prolonged increase in plasma PRL in intact males. Brief handling or mild ether stress caused a significant rise in PRL within 2 min in intact males; 15–20 min later PRL had returned to the undisturbed level. Brief ether stress in oestrone treated castrates induced a comparable pattern of prolactin release, although of greater magnitude. In these animals a second stress one hour later induced a similar response. It is concluded that chronic cannulation neither affects the unstressed prolactin level nor interferes with the ability of the adenohypophysis to release PRL. The results also indicate that when rats are handled a truly stress free sample can only be obtained when the blood is drawn within one minute after the initial disturbance of the animal. The evidence presented indicates that oestrone treatment increases the responsiveness of male rats to stress-induced PRL release.