bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caspase-8 prevents sustained activation of NF-κB in monocytes undergoing macrophagic differentiation
Authors: Rébé Cédric , Cathelin Séverine , Launay Sophie , Filomenko Rodolphe , Prévotat Laurent , L'Ollivier Coralie , Gyan Emmanuel , Micheau Olivier , Grant Steven , Dubart-Kupperschmitt Anne , Fontenay Michaëla , Solary Eric 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Caspases have demonstrated several nonapoptotic functions including a role in the differentiation of specific cell types. Here, we show that caspase-8 is the upstream enzyme in the proteolytic caspase cascade whose activation is required for the differentiation of peripheral-blood monocytes into macrophages. On macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) exposure, caspase-8 associates with the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD), the serine/threonine kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and the long isoform of FLICE-inhibitory protein FLIP. Overexpression of FADD accelerates the differentiation process that does not involve any death receptor. Active caspase-8 cleaves RIP1, which prevents sustained NF-κB activation, and activates downstream caspases. Together these data identify a role for caspase-8 in monocytes undergoing macrophagic differentiation, that is, the enzyme activated in an atypical complex down-regulates NF-κB activity through RIP1 cleavage.
Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular events in survivors of hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the bone marrow transplantation survivor study
Authors: Scott Baker K. , Ness Kirsten K. , Steinberger Julia , Carter Andrea , Francisco Liton , Burns Linda J. , Sklar Charles , Forman Stephen , Weisdorf Daniel , Gurney James G. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We ascertained the prevalence of self-reported late occurrence of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular (CV) disease in 1089 hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors who underwent HCT between 1974 and 1998, survived at least 2 years, and were not currently taking immunosuppressant agents and compared them with 383 sibling controls. All subjects completed a 255-item health questionnaire. The mean age at survey completion was 39.3 years for survivors and 38.6 years for siblings; mean follow-up was 8.6 years. Adjusting for age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI), survivors of allogeneic HCT were 3.65 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-7.32) more likely to report diabetes than siblings and 2.06 times (95% CI, 1.39-3.04) more likely to report hypertension compared with siblings but did not report other CV outcomes with any greater frequency. Recipients of autologous HCTs were no more likely than siblings to report any of the outcomes studied. Allogeneic HCT survivors were also more likely to develop hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.45-3.67) than autologous recipients. Total body irradiation (TBI) exposure was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.55-7.52). Thus, HCT survivors have a higher age- and BMI-adjusted risk of diabetes and hypertension, potentially leading to a higher than expected risk of CV events with age.
The histone methyltransferase MLL is an upstream regulator of endothelial-cell sprout formation
Authors: Diehl Florian , Rössig Lothar , Zeiher Andreas M. , Dimmeler Stefanie , Urbich Carmen 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Posttranslational histone modification by acetylation or methylation regulates gene expression. Here, we investigated the role of the histone lysine methyltransferase MLL for angiogenic functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Suppression of MLL expression by siRNA or incubation with the pharmacologic methyltransferase inhibitor 5′-deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine significantly decreased endothelial-cell migration and capillary sprout formation, indicating that methyltransferase activity is required for proangiogenic endothelial-cell functions. Because the expression of homeodomain transcription factors (Hox) is regulated by MLL, we elucidated the role of Hox gene expression. MLL silencing was associated with reduced mRNA and protein expression of HoxA9 and HoxD3, whereas HoxB3, HoxB4, HoxB5, and HoxB9 were not altered. Overexpression of HoxA9 or HoxD3 partially compensated for impaired migration in MLL siRNA-transfected endothelial cells, suggesting that HoxA9 and HoxD3 both contribute to MLL-dependent migration. As a potential underlying mechanism, MLL siRNA down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of the HoxA9-dependent axon guidance factor EphB4. In contrast, MLL knockdown effects on capillary sprouting were not rescued by HoxA9 or HoxD3 overexpression, indicating that MLL affects additional targets required for 3-dimensional sprout formation. We conclude that MLL regulates endothelial-cell migration via HoxA9 and EphB4, whereas sprout formation requires MLL-dependent signals beyond HoxA9 and HoxD3.
REEF: searching REgionally Enriched Features in genomes
Authors: Coppe Alessandro , Danieli Gian Antonio , Bortoluzzi Stefania 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
In Eukaryotic genomes, different features including genes are not uniformly distributed. The integration of annotation information and genomic position of functional DNA elements in the Eukaryotic genomes opened the way to test novel hypotheses of higher order genome organization and regulation of expression.

Results
REEF is a new tool, aimed at identifying genomic regions enriched in specific features, such as a class or group of genes homogeneous for expression and/or functional characteristics. The method for the calculation of local feature enrichment uses test statistic based on the Hypergeometric Distribution applied genome-wide by using a sliding window approach and adopting the False Discovery Rate for controlling multiplicity. REEF software, source code and documentation are freely available at http://telethon.bio.unipd.it/bioinfo/reef/.

Conclusion
REEF can aid to shed light on the role of organization of specific genomic regions in the determination of their functional role.
Inactivation of tumor suppressor Dlg1 augments transformation of a T-cell line induced by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein
Authors: Ishioka Kojiro , Higuchi Masaya , Takahashi Masahiko , Yoshida Sakiko , Oie Masayasu , Tanaka Yuetsu , Takahashi Sugata , Xie Li , Green Patrick L , Fujii Masahiro 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
The interaction of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax1 protein with the tumor suppressor Dlg1 is correlated with cellular transformation.

Results
Here, we show that Dlg1 knockdown by RNA interference increases the ability of Tax1 to transform a mouse T-cell line (CTLL-2), as measured interleukin (IL)-2-independent growth. A Tax1 mutant defective for the Dlg1 interaction showed reduced transformation of CTLL-2 compared to wild type Tax1, but the transformation was minimally affected by Dlg1 reduction. The few Tax1ΔC-transduced CTLL-2 cells that became transformed expressed less Dlg1 than parental cells, suggesting that Dlg1-low cells were selectively transformed by Tax1ΔC. Moreover, all human T-cell lines immortalized by HTLV-1, including the recombinant HTLV-1-containing Tax1ΔC, expressed less Dlg1 than control T-cell lines.

Conclusion
These results suggest that inactivation of Dlg1 augments Tax1-mediated transformation of CTLL-2, and PDZ protein(s) other than Dlg1 are critically involved in the transformation.
Pulmonary edema and acute upper airway obstruction
Authors: Tami Thomas A. , Chu Felix , Wildes Thomas O. , Kaplan Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPulmonary edema following the relief of acute upper airway obstruction is unusual and unpredictable. The cause is usually attributed to pulmonary and hemodynamic changes resulting from high negative intrathoracic pressures during obstructed respiration. The incidence of this problem is not known. Why pulmonary edema develops in only certain patients is also unclear. We reviewed the records of 27 consecutive adult patients admitted and treated for acute upper airway obstruction. Three of 27 (11%) developed pulmonary edema. Age, sex, diagnosis, duration of obstruction, history of cardiopulmonary disease, and perioperative fluid administration were evaluated. No differences were noted between those who did and those who did not develop pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema following acute upper airway obstruction appears to be more common than is generally appreciated, however, no specific factors seem related to its occurrence.
Acoustical analysis of the underlying voice differences between two groups of professional singers: opera and country and western
Authors: Burns Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn acoustical analysis of the speaking and singing voices of two types of professional singers was conducted. The vowels /i/, /a/, and /o/ were spoken and sung ten times each by seven opera and seven country and western singers. Vowel spectra were derived by computer software techniques allowing quantitative assessment of formant structure (F1‐F4), relative amplitude of resonance peaks (F1‐F4), fundamental frequency, and harmonic high frequency energy. Formant analysis was the most effective parameter differentiating the two groups. Only opera singers lowered their fourth formant creating a wide‐band resonance area (approximately 2,800 Hz) corresponding to the well‐known “singing formnnt.” Country and western singers revealed similar resonatory voice characteristics for both spoken and sung output. These results implicate faulty vocal technique in country and western singers as a contributory reason for vocal abuse/fatigue.
Otologic manifestations of AIDS: The otosyphilis connection
Authors: Smith Marshall E. , Canalis Rinaldo F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFive cases of otosyphilis presenting in patients with HIV infection are discussed. The group is representative of the known stages of the disease, from asymptomatic carrier to the fully expressed immunodeficiency syndrome, and it is of relevance because otosyphilis appears to have developed at an accelerated rate from the primary infection. Four patients had been treated with penicillin 2 to 5 years previously and had a positive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA‐ABS) test. The fifth had concurrent neurosyphilis and was VDRL‐test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) negative 2 years prior to the onset of symptoms. In all five patients, syphilis was in the latent stage. It is proposed that it is during this phase of the disease that HIV may alter its course and hasten the development of otosyphilis. It is also suggested that otosyphilis can present at any stage of HIV infection and should be considered in seropositive patients presenting with otologic complaints.
Evaluation of syncope from head and neck cancer
Authors: Papay Francis A. , Roberts Jay K. , Levine Howard L. , Wegryn Tara L. , Gordon Terry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFive patients suffering from recurrent syncope in association with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were examined. Two patients had exhaustive diagnostic work‐up for syncope, which eventually disclosed previously undiagnosed, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. Case reports describe glossopharyngeal neuralgia, a well recognized cause of syncope in the head and neck cancer patient, characterized by acute unilateral head or neck pain preceding each syncopal episode. The literature on the diagnosis of syncope is reviewed, and the syncopal mechanisms unique to the head and neck cancer patient are analyzed and discussed. A diagnostic approach to syncope in head and neck cancer is proposed.
Congenital perilymphatic fistula: A prospective study in infants and children
Authors: Reilly James S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 3‐year prospective study of 244 children (aged 5 months to 17 years) with sensorineural hearing loss of unknown cause revealed that 57 children (23%) had radiographic evidence of abnormalities of the temporal bone, detected by computed tomography scan, and/or progression of sensorineural hearing loss. Of these 57 children, 42 (74%) underwent surgical exploration, with 15 children (26%) of this subgroup demonstrating active congenital perilymphatic fistula. The prevalence of congenital perilymphatic fistula in a large, closely monitored population of children with unexplained sensorineural hearing loss appears to be at least 6% (15 of 244 children). The incidence may be higher because some congenital perilymphatic fistulae may leak intermittently and not be observed during middle ear surgery. Therefore, in children with suspected sensorineural hearing loss, early and frequent audiological evaluations should be made to rule out progressive/fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. These children should also have radiographic imaging of their temporal bone by computed tomography scan. The use of both methods is the best indicator for congenital perilymphatic fistula.
Development of morphological and physiological changes in the cochlea induced by cytomegalovirus
Authors: Keithley Elizabeth M. , Woolf Nigel K. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of viral infection in the cochlea was investigated by inoculation of live cytomegalovirus or inactivated virus. Auditory thresholds were measured on the day of inoculation and on the terminal day. Two to 8 days following inoculation, the animals were killed and the cochleae were evaluated histologically. The compound nerve potential showed an increase in threshold prior to the cochlear microphonic, indicating the nerve was affected prior to the outer hair cells. All experimental cochleas contained inflammatory and cytomegalic inclusion cells and showed degenerative changes. The number of infected cells was small relative to the histopathology. Control cochleae had normal structure and function. The degeneration, therefore, might be mediated by inflammation as well as by the cytopathic effect of the virus. Viral infections, therefore, might be better managed with anti‐inflammatory therapy in addition to antiviral agents.
The surgical management of extensive nasopharyngeal angiofibromas with the infratemporal fossa approach
Authors: Andrews James C. , Fisch Ugo , Aeppli Ulrich , Valavanis Anton , Makek Miro S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLarge juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are a therapeutic challenge because of their relation to major vasculature and cranial nerves at the base of the skull, and their propensity for recurrence. A classification scheme based on the growth pattern of this tumor is proposed to help the surgeon choose a procedure to access this lesion.This report describes the results obtained with the surgical removal of large (class III and IV) nasopharyngeal angiofibromas through the infratemporal fossa approach. Fourteen patients were cured and one individual developed a recurrence which was totally removed at a second procedure. Surgical morbidity was minimal and there was no mortality. Radiation therapy was necessary in only one patient who had tumor infiltration of the cavernous sinus.
Hyoid bone involvement by squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical and pathological features
Authors: Timon Conrad I. , Gullane Patrick J. , Brown Dale , Van Nostrand A. W. Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incidence of hyoid bone involvement by neoplasia is undetermined, despite its importance in hyoid‐preserving surgery. Eleven (1.46%) of 755 whole‐organ laryngeal specimens examined demonstrated hyoid bone infiltration. These included 6 cases originating from the larynx, 3 from the vallecula, and 1 case each from the pyriform fossa and tongue base.Clinically, vallecular involvement was helpful in determining hyoid invasion; however, computed tomography (CT) was disappointing.The greater cornu was the sole site of invasion in six cases. Ten of 11 cases were secondary to direct tumor spread. All carcinomas were advanced, with variable differentiation. Vascular and neural invasion was a prominent feature.Hyoid bone invasion is rare, and associated with a poor prognosis. Hyoid bone preservation is feasible in a majority of patients.
Frontal sinus fractures in the pediatric population
Authors: Wright Darin L. , Hoffman Henry T. , Hoyt David B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFull development of the frontal sinus is not achieved until approximately 19 years of age. An evaluation of frontal sinus injuries isolated to the subset of patients less than 20 years old has yet to be reported. In order to determine whether age was a factor in the clinical course of patients with frontal sinus fractures, 209 patients who sustained frontal sinus fractures from January 1985 to April 1990 were identified using the trauma registry from all six major trauma centers, one of which is a pediatric trauma center, in a county of 2.5 million people. Forty patients (19%) were between the ages of 6 and 19 years at the time of their injury. Computed tomography imaging of these pediatric patients identified associated head and neck fractures in 37 (93%) as well as significant central nervous system injury in 22 (55%). Seventeen pediatric patients were treated nonoperatively and 1 died prior to the planned surgery. A detailed analysis of extent of injury and treatment together with a comparison of the 169 adult and the 40 pediatric patients is presented.
Continuous pressure measurements in the pharynx and esophagus during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Skatvedt Olav 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPressure measurements were made preoperatively at six sites in the pharynx and esophagus in 18 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients, 3 social snorers, and 6 healthy normal controls. Repeat measurements were made approximately 2 months after uvulopalatopharyngoglossoplasty (UPPGP) in 10 of the OSAS patients. The pressure transducers were contained in a thin silicone tube inserted through one nostril, and measurements were made both in the awake state and throughout a night's sleep. Oxygen saturation was also continuously recorded and, additionally, nasal and oral airflow measurements were made as the postoperative control. The majority of patients had obstruction in more than one pharyngeal segment, and the site(s) of obstruction differed in the awake and sleeping states. After UPPGP, 3 of the patients had neither subjective nor objective evidence of obstruction, while the remaining 7, although subjectively improved, had varying degrees of residual obstruction in the nasopharynx and at the level of the soft palate.
Relationship of chronic ethmoidal sinusitis, maxillary sinusitis, and ostial permeability controlled by sinusomanometry: Statistical study
Authors: Bertrand B. , Eloy PH. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree hundred sixty‐seven successive patients suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) were thoroughly examined by means of maxillary sinusoscopy, a CT scan of the facial sinuses, and sinusomanometry (SMM). Ninety‐eight cases of unilateral CMS, 269 cases of bilateral CMS, and 444 chronic ethmoidal sinusitis (CES) cases were evaluated. According to SMM, the maxillary ostia were divided into two groups: 1. maxillary ostium patency (MOP) group and 2. the maxillary ostium nonpatency (MONP) group. The unilateral and bilateral pathologies were separately analyzed so as to minimize the effects of general or systemic causes on the results. MONP is, in both bilateral and unilateral groups, significantly linked with the presence of ethmoidal sinusitis (P < 10−6; P = .026), while the correlation between MOP and the ethmoid status does not appear to be significant in either group. Thus, there seems to be a close relationship between CES and maxillary ostial dyspermeability in cases of CMS.
Human rights is not enough: The need for demonstrating efficacy of an ethical approach to interviewing in India
Authors: Alison Laurence , Sarangi Sudhansu , Wright Allison 
Published: October 2006

Purpose. The present study compared attitudes about Human Rights (HR) and the advocation of coercive interviewing practices amongst Indian Police Officers, Offenders and a sample from the General Public.Method. 100 Police Officers, 50 Offenders and 50 members of the General Public completed a questionnaire that assessed their attitudes about the Human Rights of suspects and the use of coercion in suspect interviews.Results. Police Officers and the Public accepted both custodial violence and the use of intimidating interrogation strategies more readily than Offenders. They were also more prepared to suspend Suspects' Human Rights. Further, individuals who scored high on a coercive belief scale (CBS) were particularly inclined to favour custodial violence and suspend Human Rights. In addition, the self‐reported frequency with which Police Officers used intimidating and non‐intimidating interviewing techniques was related to their beliefs about Suspects' Human Rights and the extent to which they perceived intimidating interviewing methods to be useful.Conclusion. Attitudes about effective interviewing strategies may well be embedded within a broad social context. The effectiveness of a Human Rights Agenda requires that officers in India are informed of the effectiveness of ethical interviewing standards and the practical and legal dangers of using inappropriate methods.
Effects of Child- and Adolescent-Onset Endogenous Cushing Syndrome on Bone Mass, Body Composition, and Growth: A 7-Year Prospective Study Into Young Adulthood
Authors: Leong Gary M , Abad Veronica , Charmandari Evangelia , Reynolds James C , Hill Suvimol , Chrousos George P , Nieman Lynnette K 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The long-term effects on bone and fat mass in children with endogenous CS are unknown. In 14 children followed for 3–7 years into young adulthood after cure of CS, whereas bone mass largely recovered, persisting increases in total body and visceral fat suggests an increase risk of the metabolic syndrome.
Introduction: Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) is associated with decreased bone mass and increased central fat mass. Whereas bone mass seems to improve after successful treatment, little is known about whether central fat persists.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 14 children (10 girls and 4 boys) and adolescents with CS who were successfully treated and remained eucortisolemic. Growth, puberty, bone mass, and body composition were evaluated at baseline and during regular follow-up for 3 years and in seven children for a further 4 years of remission to assess final adult height (FH), BMI, bone mass, and body composition.
Results: CS compromised growth, leading to about a −0.8 SD loss of FH and 0.9 SD increase in weight and BMI. BMD apparent density (BMAD) SD Score (SDS) at the lumbar spine (LS) at diagnosis were −1.8 and −1.25, respectively, and after 3 years of follow-up approached the mean with no further increase apparent up to 7 years of follow-up. Whereas hip BMD SDS increased from −1.3 at diagnosis to −0.40 at 3 years and 0 at 7 years of follow-up, femoral neck BMAD remained at or around 0 SDS at diagnosis and during follow-up. BMI was &gt;25 kg/m2 in five of seven adult subjects, most of whom were women. Total body fat and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous was abnormally high in the majority of these subjects, whereas LS volumetric BMD was −0.7 SDS.
Conclusions: Despite remission of CS, children and adolescents have significant alterations in body composition that result in a small but significant decrease in bone mass and increase in visceral adiposity. Although bone mass largely recovers after endogenous CS, changes in total and visceral fat suggest these subjects are at increased risk of the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, long-term monitoring of body fat and bone mass is mandatory after treatment of CS.