bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust in AI applications and intention to use them in cardiac care among cardiologists in the UK: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Mahdavi Mahdi , Frings Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background. The widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven applications among consultant cardiologists remains relatively low due to trust issues and perceived threat to professional autonomy, patient safety, and legal liability of misdiagnoses. There is a paucity of empirical research investigating the relationships between trust in AI applications and an intention to use (AI-Use) them among cardiologists. To address this gap, we surveyed a sample of cardiologists to examine the determinants of trust in AI and trust’s effects on AI-Use based on the organisational trust model.
Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of consultant cardiologists (n = 61) in the UK. Given the small sample size, we used a partial least square structural equation model (SEM) analysis approach to assess the measurement and structural models. We utilized factor loadings and weights for the measurement model assessment and coefficients, the redundancy indices, and goodness of fit (GoF) for the structural model assessment. We also undertook a content analysis of open-text responses around perceived risks, enablers, and barriers to AI use in cardiac care. We performed analyses in the R programme.
Results. The GoF of the final SEM model was 63%, showcasing a substantial improvement over the original model (GoF=51%). The final model encompassed all latent constructs from the original model and explained 70% of the variance in trust and 37% in AI use. The AI application ability (accuracy and reliability) significantly influenced trust (β=0.55, p<.001), while lower benevolence correlated with decreased trust (β=0.19, p<.05). Trust in AI emerged as the sole significant contributor to AI-Use (β=0.48, p<.001), indicating higher trust associated with increased future use. Participants perceived diagnosis accuracy as a prominent theme, mentioned 20 times about AI risk and frequently cited as both an enabler (n=39 times) and a barrier (n=29 times).
Conclusions. The enhanced GoF in the final model indicates an improved final SEM model compared with the original SEM model. Addressing diagnosis accuracy concerns and building trust in AI systems is crucial to facilitate increased AI adoption among cardiologists and seamless integration into cardiac care.
Factors that influence happiness of nursing students according to COVID-19 infection status
Authors: Jung Hyun-Ok , Han Seung-Woo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Happiness is a cognitive and emotional evaluation of one’s life, and the upward approach affects satisfaction and happiness throughout life, whereas the downward approach refers to lower-level factors that affect happiness in actual areas of life.
Methods
Data were collected from October 4, 2023 to November 15, 2023. The subjects were 343 students enrolled in five nursing schools in four major cities (D, G, K, and Y) in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients.
Results
For COVID+ students, happiness was significantly affected by adaptation to campus life and family strengths. This model had r2 = 0.401; i.e., it explained 40.1% of the variability in happiness. For COVID0 students, happiness was significantly affected by adaptation to campus life and subjective health status, with r2 = 0.346.
Conclusions
These results indicate the necessity of developing a happiness-promotion program for nursing students.
Splicing is dynamically regulated during limb development
Authors: Driscoll Sean , Merkuri Fjodor , Chain Frédéric J.J. , Fish Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Modifications to highly conserved developmental gene regulatory networks are thought to underlie morphological diversification in evolution and contribute to human congenital malformations. Relationships between gene expression and morphology have been extensively investigated in the limb, where most of the evidence for alterations to gene regulation in development consists of pre-transcriptional mechanisms that affect expression levels, such as epigenetic alterations to regulatory sequences and changes to cis-regulatory elements. Here we report evidence that alternative splicing (AS), a post-transcriptional process that modifies and diversifies mRNA transcripts, is dynamic during limb development in two mammalian species. We evaluated AS patterns in mouse (Mus musculus) and opossum (Monodelphis domestica) across the three key limb developmental stages: the ridge, bud, and paddle. Our data show that splicing patterns are dynamic over developmental time and differ between the two mammalian taxa. Additionally, multiple key limb development genes, including Fgf8, are differentially spliced across the three stages in both species, with expression levels of the conserved splice variants, Fgf8a and Fgf8b, changing across developmental time. Our data demonstrates that AS is a critical mediator of mRNA diversity in limb development and provides an additional mechanism for evolutionary tweaking of gene dosage.
Training needs of German healthcare professionals regarding sexual health and sex workers: Results of a nationwide, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Reinehr Sabrina , Neuendorff Nina R. , Veen Raquel , Langenbach Benedikt P. , Thieme Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Sexual health is an important aspect of human well-being. In terms of sexual health and healthcare, sex workers might need more specialized care than others, given their higher risk for both discrimination and various sexually transmitted diseases. Yet, however, little is known about the quality of healthcare professionals’ training regarding sexual health and healthcare of sex workers in Germany.
Methods
In an online survey, 130 physicians, 63 psychotherapists, and 154 medical students reported their perceived quality of training regarding sexual health problems in all their patients and regarding sex workers’ health issues specifically.
Results
A substantial share of respondents reported to have experienced inadequate training regarding both sexual health problems in general and specific issues concerning sex workers. However, most respondents reported feeling rather comfortable when dealing with these topics. There was a positive correlation between feeling comfortable when treating sexual health problems/ sex workers and the perceived training on these topics.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that sexual health issues and sex workers’ specific healthcare requirements are not sufficiently addressed in the curricula of German healthcare professionals. Future adaptations of these curricula might be necessary.
The potential use of antifungal essential oil volatiles to manage citrus decay during degreening
Authors: Dyk Meagan , Kellerman Hanli , Niekerk Jan van 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

New developing regulations of chemical-use on fruit calls for an integrated disease management approach using softer chemicals to reduce decay of fresh produce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of essential oil volatiles to manage postharvest citrus decay. Fifteen essential oils were tested in vitro for its fungicidal properties against growth- and spore-germination of two postharvest citrus pathogens. Cinnamon bark and oregano oils were fungicidal to fresh mycelial-growth of Penicillium digitatum (cinnamon: ≥212.16; oregano: ≥106.08 µl/L headspace) and Galactomyces citri-aurantii (cinnamon: ≥106.08; oregano: ≥212.16 µl/L headspace). Oregano inhibited sporulation of P. digitatum (≥53.04 µl/L headspace). When spores of these pathogens were exposed to cinnamon essential oil (≥106.08 µl/L headspace) for 72 h, spore germination was inhibited by 99.8% (P. digitatum) and 99.3% (G. citri-aurantii). Combining cinnamon with oregano (both at 53.04 µl/L headspace) inhibited spore germination, whilst inhibiting sporulation of P. digitatum. Cinnamon (167.67 µl/L headspace) and oregano (83.84 µl/L headspace) tested in the absence of growth media were fungitoxic to 100% of P. digitatum spores. In vivo studies showed that cinnamon (133.00 µl/L headspace) reduces green mould (43.33±15.06% control) when tested on sterile-wounded ‘Valencia’ oranges in the presence of a fruit sporulating with P. digitatum, and that oregano (106.20 µl/L headspace) inhibits the sporulation on fruit injected with P. digitatum. These essential oils did not negatively affect degreening of ‘Eureka’ lemons when treated together with ethylene. This study demonstrates the potential use of cinnamon bark and oregano to manage postharvest decay of citrus during degreening.
A recent and rapid genome expansion driven by the amplification of transposable elements in the Neotropical annual killifish Austrolebias charrua
Authors: Gajardo Felipe , Pereiro Luisa , Arezo Maria Jose , Nardocci Gino , Rojas Natalia , Gutiérrez Veronica , Papa Nicolas , Berois Nibia , Orellana Ariel , Gutierrez Rodrigo A , González Mauricio , Mendez Marco , Montecino Martin , Hodar Christian , Glavic Alvaro , Maass Alejandro , Garcia Graciela , Allende Miguel L , Valdivieso Camilo , Genova Alex Di 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background.
Neotropical annual killifish are able to survive in seasonal ponds due to their ability to undergo embryonic diapauses in the dry season and grow, reproduce and die in the span of a few months during the rainy season. The genus group Austrolebias is endemic to the South American basins and shows remarkable speciation and genetic plasticity. Austrolebias charrua co-exists with another annual killifish, Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, from which it diverged about 25 million years ago. Despite their similar life histories, both species show important differences in genome size. It is of interest to explore the genomic structure of these species as a basis for understanding their evolution and unique adaptations.
Results.
We have sequenced the genomes of A. charrua and C. melanotaenia and have determined that they show important structural differences between them. While A. charrua has undergone an evolutionarily recent and massive genome expansion, with a size (3Gb) that triples that of most characterized teleosts, C. melaotaenia has retained a genome size of 1Gb. The expansion of the genome in A. charrua has occurred due to amplification of repetitive elements, most recently of the LINE class of elements. We explore and characterize in detail the contribution to genome expansion of repetitive elements at the level of superfamilies, as well as analyze the relationship between these elements and coding genes in Austrolebias charrua. We also examine the selection pressures on gene sequences and identify functions that are under positive or purifying selection, and compare these data with that derived from other species.
Conclusions.
Our study adds a crucial element to the understanding of annual fish evolution and life history. We show that the genetic variability and plasticity in A. charrua is accompanied by a recent genome-wide expansion with an important contribution of repetitive elements. By comparing these findings with data from other species, we show that Austrolebias has undergone bursts of repetitive element expansion, with specific superfamilies of retrotransposons and DNA transposons being the most prevalent and recent. In addition, we characterize genes that are potentially implicated in adaptive traits because of their interaction with mobile elements or because they display evidence of positive selection. These genes are candidates for functional studies aimed at unraveling the genetic basis for annualism in this group of teleosts.
Key Contextual Factors Involved with Participation in Medical and Genomic Screening and Research for African American and Caucasian Americans: A Qualitative Inquiry American Journal of Community Genetics
Authors: Smith Crystal Lederhos , Stark B. Connor , Kobalter McKenna , Barks Mary Carol , Nakano-Okuno Mariko , Romesburg Ellen Weger , Limdi Nita , May Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Tremendous progress has been made promoting diversity in recruitment for genomic research, yet challenges remain for several racial demographics. Research has cited intertwined fears of racial discrimination and medical mistrust as contributing factors. This study aimed to identify key factors to establishing trust in medical and genomic screening and research among African Americans and White Americans. Participants completed online focus groups and resulting transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach, with content analysis methods based on recommendations by Schreier. Fifteen African Americans and 23 Caucasian Americans participated in the study, 63% of which were female. The mean age of participants was 38.53 (SD = 16.6). The Overarching Theme of Trust is Context Dependent was identified, along with the following five themes describing elements influencing trustworthiness for our participants: 1) Professional Experience, Education, and Training Bolster Trust; 2) Trust Depends on Relationships; 3) Cross-checking Provided Information is Influential in Establishing Trust; 4) Trust is Undermined by Lack of Objectivity and Bias; and 5) Racism is an Embedded Concern and a Medical Trust Limiting Component for African Americans. To effectively address mistrust and promote recruitment of diverse participants, genomic research initiatives must be communicated in a manner that resonates with the specific diverse communities targeted. Our results suggest key factors influencing trust that should be attended to if we are to promote equity appropriately and respectfully by engaging diverse populations in genomic research.
Does younger children’s social health insurance alleviate household impoverishment due to illness?
Authors: Zhou Jiali , Zhan Yong , chen huashuai , chen sijie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

How children’s social health insurance works when the household carries the medical expense burden has not yet been examined. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data from 2016 to 2018, we investigate the relationship between social health insurance and household medical impoverishment (MI) using a unique panel of Chinese younger children aged under 15 years. The results reveal that social health insurance for children can significantly reduce the incidence of household impoverishment due to illness. Under the health shock, the incidence of impoverishing health expenditure (IHE) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in households covered by children’s health insurance are both reduced significantly. From the perspective of relative poverty, the poverty alleviation effect of social health insurance for children is more significant. After using the Propensity Score Matching with difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) method to accommodate endogeneity problems, our findings are still robust. The poverty alleviation mechanism transmitted by children’s enrolling in social health insurance is mainly affected by hospitalization reimbursement and the share of out-of-pocket (OOP) medical payments to total medical expenditure for children. Moreover, the poverty-reducing effect of social medical insurance is mainly significant in rural areas, low-income families, and non-left-behind children.
EPR studies of rare-earth manganites La 0.7-x Eu x Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (x = 0.1-0.7)
Authors: Yatsyk I. , Mamedov D. V. , Shestakov A. V. , Fazlizhanov I. I. , Eremina R. M. , Andronenko S. I. , Pyataev A. V. , Vadnala S. , Asthana S. , Misra Sushil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The rare-earth manganites of Eu, La0.7−xEuxSr0.3MnO3 (x = 0.0–0.7) were investigated by the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the temperature range from 30 to 500 K. They revealed the coexistence of two to three magnetic phases in the samples with different Eu concentrations. The corresponding Curie temperatures were estimated from the characteristics of the variable-temperature EPR spectra for the various samples. The EPR data indicated the presence of Griffiths phases for the samples La0.7−xEuxSr0.3MnO3, from which the respective Griffiths temperatures were determined. It was found that the structural disorder (σ2), caused by the presence of different sets of atoms in crystal cells, characterized by the distribution of the cation radius, increased as x increased from 0.1 to 0.3 and decreased as x increased from 0.3 to 0.7. This, in turn, resulted in the sample with the maximum structural disorder, i.e. the sample with x = 0.3, being characterized by the maximum activation temperature. The activation energies are estimated here from the EPR data using the hopping model. The EPR linewidth behavior is found to be consistent with that predicted by the bottlenecked spin relaxation model. The perovskite La0.5Eu0.2Sr0.3MnO3 is found to be potentially useful in the design of magnetocaloric refrigeration units as a working fluid, since its Curie temperature (TC) is close to the room temperature/ The different ferromagnetic components in the samples studied here have been resolved by the technique of EPR, not possible by other techniques.
Shelf life of Penaeus vannamei coated with gelatin extracted from Oreochromis niloticus scales
Authors: Nogueira Sara Monaliza Sousa , Lima Jacqueline de Melo , Cerqueira Davi Araújo , de Oliveira Claudia Cinthia Santos , Vieira Cláudia Brandão , Moreira Antônio Glaydson Lima , Mattos Adriano Lincoln Albuquerque , Filho Men de Sá Moreira de Souza , de Souza Bartolomeu Warlene Silva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Fish products have high nutritional value but are very perishable. Fish gelatine coatings are a renewable technology that offers numerous benefits for preserving highly perishable fishery products with high nutritional value. A recent study evaluated the shelf life of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) coated with gelatine extracted from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scales and glycerol. The coated shrimp were stored frozen at -18°C for 180 days. The researchers applied the gelatine coating at a concentration of 1.5%, with 0.2% glycerol, to peeled and headless shrimp (“treatment G”) and compared them with uncoated shrimp (control – “treatment C”). They evaluated bacterial growth, pH, formation of volatile bases (TVB-N and TMA-N), and lipid oxidation (TBARS) every 30 days (day T0, T30, T60, T90, 120, 150 and 180). The study found that the gelatine extraction yield obtained was 24.64%. The total bacterial count (TBC) range for treatment C was 0.00 to 2.32 log CFU/g, while for treatment G it was only 0.00 to 1.48 log CFU/g. The shelf-life assessment showed that the gelatine and glycerol-based coating solution was effective in preserving P. vannamei in terms of microbiological parameters, pH, TVB-N, TMA-N and TBARS. The study concluded that the use of this coating combined with frozen storage could be a good alternative for maintaining the quality of Pacific white shrimp for an extended period.
Racial Disparities in Alcoholic Hepatitis Hospitalizations in the United States: Trends, Outcomes, and Future Projections
Authors: Pan Chun-Wei , Guifarro Daniel , Poudel Ayusha , Abboud Yazan , Kotwal Vikram 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) is a serious complication of alcohol consumption with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in the United States where alcohol-related liver diseases rank as one of the leading causes of preventable death. Our study aims to analyze the morbidity and mortality of AH across racial groups and project hospitalization trends up to 2028, thereby informing public health initiatives.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) spanning 2012 to 2021. The study population comprised hospitalizations identified using specific ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes for AH. We assessed hospitalizations, in-hospital mortality rates, length of stay (LOS), and morbidities related to alcoholic hepatitis adjusting for sociodemographic factors and hospital characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata and R software, employing logistic and linear regression analyses, and SARIMA models for forecasting.
Results:
Our results indicated a predominantly White cohort (68%), with a notable increase in AH hospitalizations among Hispanics (129.1% from 2012 to 2021). Racial disparities were observed in inpatient mortality, liver transplant accessibility, and the occurrence of in-hospital complications. The study forecasts a continued rise in hospitalizations across all racial groups, with Hispanics experiencing the sharpest increase.
Conclusion:
Our study reveals a disproportionate rise in the AH burden among Hispanics with projections indicating a persistent upward trend through 2028. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies and improved healthcare access to mitigate the increasing AH burden and address disparities in care and outcomes.
Examination of the Relationships between TEC Changes and Space Weather Conditions Before and After the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (Mw= 7.8 and Mw=7.5)
Authors: Bulbul Sercan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Earthquakes are major natural disasters that cause loss of life and property. Predicting earthquakes in advance is highly important. In recent years, GNSS measurements have been used to predict earthquakes, particularly by analysing total electron content (TEC) values obtained from these measurements. However, it is crucial to accurately analyse the TEC changes influenced by space weather conditions and distinguish them from those caused by earthquakes. This study investigated the impact of the Pazarcık-Kahramanmaraş (Mw: 7.8) and Ekinözü-Kahramanmaraş (Mw: 7.5) earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, on TEC changes. To achieve this goal, space weather conditions, such as the Kp, Dst (nT), F10.7 (sfu), P (\(N⁄c{m}^{3}\)), Bx (nT), By (nT), and Bz (nT) indices, were examined for one month before and after the earthquake occurred. Potentially active days were identified. After establishing space weather conditions, their impact on TEC changes was investigated. The results indicated that there was no significant influence of space weather conditions on TEC changes during the selected time frame, suggesting that these changes may be attributed to the earthquake. Additionally, CODE-TEC and ESA-TEC values for the selected time frame were obtained using the coordinates of 15 CORS-Tr stations in the earthquake region. The upper and lower boundary values of the TEC were determined, and days with anomalies were identified. As a result, it was found that there were days with a positive anomaly approximately 15–18 days before the occurrence of possible earthquakes, which could serve as a preparation period. Furthermore, postearthquake anomalies were suggested to potentially be caused by aftershocks.
Measurement dependence in tripartite non-locality
Authors: Sk Sk Sahadat Hossain , Molla Mostak Kamal Molla , Kundu Amit Kundu , Paul Biswajit Paul , Chattopadhyay Indrani Chattopadhyay , Sarkar Debasis Sarkar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The assumption of measurement independence is required for a local deterministic model to conduct a Bell test. So, the violation of a Bell inequality by such a model implies that this assumption must be relaxed. The degree to which this assumption needs to be relaxed to achieve violation of some bipartite Bell inequalities, has been investigated in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 250404(2010), Phys. Rev. A 99, 012121(2019)]. In this work, we study the minimum degree of relaxation required to simulate violations of various well-known tripartite Bell inequalities. Local deterministic models are also provided to achieve the violations of these Bell inequalities.
PACS numbers: 03.67.Mn, 03.65.Ud.;