bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Far infrared and Raman spectroscopy analysis of inorganic pigments
Authors: Kendix E. , Moscardi G. , Mazzeo R. , Baraldi P. , Prati S. , Joseph E. , Capelli S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFew research studies from the early seventies reported the use of far infrared (FIR) spectroscopy and its analytical potential. Especially in the field of cultural heritage, particular attention has not been given to this technique because of its destructive character; however, this can be overcome by employing Raman microscopy. Provided that enough quantity of the sample is available, FIR spectroscopy may represent a useful analytical method in the case of inorganic compounds that are not active in the mid infrared region and, because of the fluorescent effect produced by the organic media, not detectable even by Raman spectroscopy. In this article, the application of FIR spectroscopy has been applied for the characterisation of several inorganic pigments. A preparation method based on the use of polyethylene has been developed that allows analyses with moderate quantity of sample (0.5–1.5 mg). The data obtained have been compared with Raman results with the aim to build a common database. Some applications on real case studies are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N2H2 isotropic Raman Q‐branch linewidths: an Energy‐Corrected Sudden scaling law
Authors: Joubert Pierre , Bonamy Jeanine , Gomez Laura , Bermejo Dionisio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Energy‐Corrected Sudden (ECS) model has been widely developed to calculate rovibrational Raman linewidths as well as the overlap between lines through the off‐diagonal elements of the relaxation matrix. The accuracy of the results depends on the precision of the input data on which the ECS parameters are fitted. Starting from recent experimental and theoretical data for nitrogen (N2) Q‐branch perturbed by hydrogen from 77 to 580 K, we have determined the ECS parameters for this molecular system and calculated systematically the N2H2 line broadening coefficients for J = 0 to 20 up to 2000 K, which will be useful for combustion diagnostics purposes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy of archaeological resins
Authors: Edwards Howell G. M. , David A. Rosalie , Brody Rachel H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe adoption of Raman spectroscopy as a first‐pass screening technique for the presence of organic compounds on diverse substrates is now being advocated for the non‐destructive examination of potential sites for limited sampling for other analytical techniques. In this paper, examples of the analytical capability of Raman spectroscopy using long wavelength excitation in the near infrared for the characterisation of archaeological resins from Egyptian Dynastic and pre‐Dynastic periods and artefacts are used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the technique. The resin specimens and artefacts span a period of about 7000 years. Raman spectra have been obtained of resin specimens from archaeological sites and of resins on several artefacts; from the latter it is possible to assess the influence of diverse substrates upon the spectral information that can be derived from the resins themselves. Key molecular spectral features are proposed for each resin studied and the presence of degradation assessed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AFM Imaging of RGD Presenting Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Using Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hsiong Susan X. , Cooke Peter H. , Kong Hyun‐Joon , Fishman Marshall L. , Ericsson Maria , Mooney David J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeveral high‐resolution imaging techniques such as FESEM, TEM and AFM are compared with respect to their application on alginate hydrogels, a widely used polysaccharide biomaterial. A new AFM method applicable to RGD peptides covalently conjugated to alginate hydrogels is described. High‐resolution images of RGD adhesion ligand distribution were obtained by labeling biotinylated RGD peptides with streptavidin‐labeled gold nanoparticles. This method may broadly provide a useful tool for sECM characterization and design for tissue regeneration strategies.magnified image
A Linearization Procedure for Determining Radical Reactivity Ratios in Restricted Penultimate Copolymerization Systems, 2
Authors: Hinkelmann Franz , Olaj Oskar Friedrich , Schnöll‐Bitai Irene , Zifferer Gerhard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA large number of the already published data of the experimental rate constants of propagation as a function of the monomer composition for copolymerization systems has been analyzed by applying a linearization procedure (introduced in the preceding publication) and new linear least square methods in order to obtain the radical reactivity ratios s. The compilation of data comprises the originally published parameter sets and those determined by the alternative methods. Besides the determination of the s parameters, the linearization plots also offer the possibility to rate the error of data sets as either non‐correlated or systematic. Simulations taking into account a random scatter in the experimental values give more insight into the accuracy of data. The limited applicability of the simplifying assumptions introduced by Fukuda et al. is confirmed. Correlations between the monomer and radical reactivity ratios, respectively, and the homopropagation rate constants are investigated. A systematic procedure for rating radical reactivity ratios based on the linearization procedure is proposed.magnified image
A Novel Poly(aryleneethynylene) with Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) Side Chains: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Electroactive Property
Authors: Hou Yanhui , Wan Xiangjian , Yang Min , Ma Yanfeng , Huang Yi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel poly(aryleneethynylene), in which the main chain and the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) side chains are coplanar, has been prepared and characterized. The polymer can self‐assemble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the π‐extended coplanar backbones adopt good face‐to‐face stacking, which is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Cyclic voltammetry has revealed that the polymer has reversible electroactive properties. The optical bandgap deduced by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and the electrochemical bandgap are 2.03 and 2.14 eV. The conductivities of the powder and the realigning solid of the polymer are 6 × 10−8 and 4 × 10−6 S cm−1.magnified image
Evaluation of a screening instrument for essential tremor
Authors: Lorenz Delia , Papengut Frank , Frederiksen Henrik , Kopper Florian , Klebe Stephan , Christensen Kaare , Schreiber Stefan , Deuschl Günther 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo evaluate a screening instrument for essential tremor (ET) consisting of a seven‐item questionnaire and a spiral drawing. A total of 2,448 Danish twins aged 70 years or more and a second sample aged 60 years or more (n = 1,684) from a population‐based northern German cross‐sectional study (PopGen ET) were screened for ET. Inclusion criteria were a previous diagnosis of ET, a positive answer to two or more questions of the questionnaire or a spiral rating >4 (range of scale 0–9). Three hundred thirteen of 380 positively screened and 321 negatively screened subjects were clinically examined. Definite or probable ET was diagnosed in 104 patients, possible in 86 and other tremors in 98 patients. The sensitivity of the screening instrument was 70.5%, the positive predictive value was 64.9%, the specificity was 68.2%, and the negative predictive value was 73.5%. Tremor severity correlated significantly with higher spiral scores and more positive items. More patients were identified by spiral drawing in all tremor groups. The interrater and intrarater reliability for spirals ranged from 0.7 to 0.8 using intraclass coefficient. A cluster analysis revealed that the questionnaire can be reduced to three items, about uncontrollable tremor in any body part, tremor while drinking or pouring and other family members with tremor, without loosing efficacy. We present an easy to use and reliable screening instrument that is effective to identify patients with ET but not able to exclude patients with other tremor forms. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Preliminary results on approximating a wavefunction as an unconstrained sum of Slater determinants
Authors: Beylkin Gregory , Mohlenkamp Martin J. , Pérez Fernando 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA multiparticle wavefunction, which is a solution of the multiparticle Schrödinger equation, satisfies the antisymmetry condition, thus making it natural to approximate it as a sum of Slater determinants. Many current methods do so but, in addition, they impose structural constraints on the Slater determinants, such as orthogonality between orbitals or a particular excitation pattern. By removing these constraints, we hope to obtain much more efficient expansions.We use an integral formulation of the problem, a Green's function iteration, and a fitting procedure based on the computational paradigm of separated representations. For constructing and solving a matrix‐integral system of equations derived from antisymmetric inner products, we develop new algorithms with computational complexity competitive with current methods.We describe preliminary numerical results and make some observations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The stability of a pre‐stressed annular thin film in tension
Authors: Coman Ciprian D. , Bassom Andrew P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe work presented here considers the elastic instabilities experienced by an annular thin filmsubjected to prescribed displacement fields on its two boundaries. It is shown how singular perturbation methods enable an accurate analytical description of the localised wrinkling pattern that sets in near the inner rim of the film. The theoretical results obtained are corroborated by direct numerical simulations of the full problem. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of porosity on the elastoplastic behavior of high performance cast alloys
Authors: Ries Michael , Krempaszky Christian , Hadler Brigitte , Werner Ewald 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBased on geometrical data of porous components obtained by computer tomography, a micromechanical unit cell model is proposed to predict the influence of porosity on mechanical properties of high performance cast alloys. Simulations of uniaxial loaded periodic unit cells are compared to experimental data of tensile tests on porous materials. In this way a relationship between some significant geometrical data of the pores and the macroscopic material parameters is obtained. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of rotating shafts with flexible disks
Authors: Šašek Jakub , Hajžman Michal , Zeman Vladimír 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the methodology of the modelling of rotating shafts with flexible disks. Rotating shafts are modelled as a one dimensional continuum on the basis of the Bernouli‐Euler theory, which assumes that the shaft cross section remains a flat plane and is perpendicular to the centerline during vibration. Disks are modelled as a three dimensional continuum by means of the finite element method. The presented approach allows to introduce centrifugal and gyroscopic effects. The special coupling matrix is used for the connecting a rotating shaft and a mounted flexible disk. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Common adverse events associated with an SSRI: meta‐analysis of early paroxetine data
Authors: Aursnes Ivar , Gjertsen Marianne Klemp 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeWe wanted to determine to what extent adverse drug effects associated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) were known but not assessed before application for registration of paroxetine.MethodsWith a special permit from the Norwegian Ministry of Health, we obtained reports from 82 clinical trials presented by the paroxetine license holder in 1989. There were 17 double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials with parallel design with 903 patients on paroxetine and 592 on placebo. Altogether 32 adverse effects showed a risk difference (RD) between paroxetine and control groups of more than 0.5%. We did a meta‐analysis for each of these adverse effects. We then compared the outcome with the frequencies stated in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) at the time of registration and those reported in the current SPC.ResultsAt the time of registration 19 of the adverse effects were statistically significant. Only eight of these adverse effects were listed as being common in the first SPC from 1989. Five out of the nineteen adverse effects are not mentioned in the current SPC. Among them are headache with RD 5.4%, decreased libido RD 2.6%, nervousness RD 2.0% and paresthesia RD 1.7%.ConclusionsFrequently occurring adverse reactions that are included in today's SPC for paroxetine were evident and documented already in the early studies accompanying the application for marketing authorization in 1989. Some other adverse effects observed then are still not mentioned in the SPC of today. Meta‐analyses of adverse effects should be mandatory at the stage of first registration of a drug. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of sea surface emissivity on temperature‐dependent refractive index
Authors: Masuda K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTheoretical calculations of emissivity difference, Δε, with changing of water temperature from 301 to 279 K are performed at 820 cm−1 using the temperature‐dependent refractive index of sea water recently proposed by Newman and co‐workers. The results are compared with the calculations using the temperature‐dependent refractive index presented in 1977 by Pinkley and co‐workers. The difference in Δε between the two models is as small as ∼0.0003 for emission angles less than 30° . At larger emission angles, the discrepancy in Δε between the two models is notable. For example, Δε are ∼ − 0.0055 and ∼ − 0.0070 for the Newman and Pinkley models, respectively, at an emission angle of 55° . This discrepancy is mainly caused by the fact that the temperature dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index of the Pinkley model is ∼1.5 times larger than that of the Newman model and the sea surface emissivity is significantly sensitive to the change of imaginary refractive index at this wavenumber. It is important that accurate values of the imaginary part of the refractive index be obtained. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Thin film nanocrystalline silicon and nanostructured interfaces for multibandgap triple junction solar cells
Authors: Schropp R. E. I. , Li H. , Rath J. K. , van der Werf C. H. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present the main research aspects encountered during the development of thin film silicon‐based single and multijunction solar cells using hot‐wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) of the active silicon layers. First of all, a significant current enhancement is obtained by using textured Ag/ZnO back contacts instead of plain stainless steel. The textured interface acts as a diffuse scattering mirror, due to which the optical path in the cell is lengthened. We studied the root‐mean‐square (RMS) roughness by 2D atomic force microscopy (AFM) and found that the morphology of the surfaces needs to be controlled to avoid cavities and shunting paths. A further drawback of such rough metallic surfaces is the parasitic absorption due to surface particle plasmons. Nevertheless, optimized back reflectors lead to an enhancement of the photocurrent of as much as 50%. The second large step forward is the use of multijunction (tandem) cells, in which at least one of the cells contains nanocrystalline silicon. This material behaves optically like 1.1 eV material and, used in the bottom cell, it forms a perfect combination with the 1.7 eV amorphous material in the top cell. Using silicon germanium (1.5 eV) in the middle cell, our triple junction cells have reached nearly 11% efficiency and they are stable within 3% relative. The difference between the best single junction and triple junction n‐i‐p cells obtained so far in our lab and the reported best cells with plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) i‐layers can be mainly attributed to the differences in the rough substrates and to the use of rather thin i‐layers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined TEM and SKPFM investigation of the surface layers on rolled AA5050 aluminium alloy using ultra‐microtomy
Authors: Premendra  , Tanem B. S. , Mol J. M. C. , Terryn H. , deWit J. H. W. , Katgerman L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article studies the evolution of near‐surface morphology as a function of various thermo‐mechanical treatments along the fabrication line of rolled AA5050 aluminium alloy. Ultra‐microtomy has been used to prepare cross‐sectional thin foils for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and proper surfaces for scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) analysis. A slight increase in the Volta potential difference (between the inter‐metallics and the matrix) between the as‐cast surface and the surface obtained after the first hot‐mill pass, emphasized that the changes in surface micro‐structure, which in turn affect the corrosion and electrochemical properties of the finished product, had already occurred at that stage. The Volta potential difference during the subsequent hot‐mill pass remained relatively constant. As far as the near‐surface morphology was concerned, hot‐rolling resulted in the formation of a heavily deformed surface layer. Annealing of the hot‐rolled aluminium sheet resulted in partial re‐crystallization of the surface layer. Subsequent cold‐rolling re‐introduced deformation in the near‐surface region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redistribution of cytosolic FGFR1 after induced migration of urothelial cells in culture
Authors: Veranič Peter , Dariš Barbara , Zupančič Daša , Batista Urška , Jezernik Kristijan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe distribution of cytosolic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) was studied in correlation to cell migration in urothelial cell line g/G. Cell motility was analysed with a new method using consecutive series of photographs of cells relocated on CELLocate coverslips and with image analysis software. The results confirmed that FGF1 stimulated cell motility only when cells were grown on collagen I coating. During the transition from sessile to motile cell phenotype a complete redistribution of cytosolic FGFR1 was revealed. In sessile cells, FGFR1 had a filamentous distribution and its location matched cytokeratin 7. In cells of the migrating phenotype, the distribution of FGFR1 was diffuse, mainly located in cytosol. Our data reveal that the location of cytosolic FGFR1 depends on the motile characteristics of the cell. The results also indicate that attachment of cells to collagen I is crucial for the induction of urothelial cell motility with FGF1.
Involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in infection‐induced edema
Authors: Ajonuma Louis Chukwuemeka , He Qiong , Chan Paul Kay Sheung , Ng Ernest Hung Yu , Fok Kin Lam , Wong Connie Hau Yan , Tsang Lai Ling , Ho Lok Sze , Lau Miu Ching , Huang Hong Yi , Yang Dong Zi , Rowlands Dewi Kenneth , Tang Xiao Xiao , Zhang Xiao Hu , Chung Yiu Wa , Chan Hsiao Chang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAbnormal fluid accumulation in tissues, including the life‐threatening cerebral and pulmonary edema, is a severe consequence of bacteria infection. Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis is an obligate intracellular gram‐negative human pathogen responsible for a spectrum of diseases, causing tissue fluid accumulation and edema in various organs. However, the underlying mechanism for tissue fluid secretion induced by C. trachomatis and most of other infectious pathogens is not known. Here, we report that in mice C. trachomatis infection models, the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP activated chloride channel, is up regulated together with increased cytokine release and tissue fluid accumulation that can be reversed by treatment with antibiotic specific for C. trachomatis and CFTR channel blocker. However, C. trachomatis infection cannot induce tissue edema in CFTR
tm1Unc
mutant mice. Administration of exogenous IL‐1β to mice mimics the C. trachomatis infection‐induced CFTR upregulation, enhanced CFTR channel activity and fluid accumulation, further confirming the involvement of CFTR in infection‐induced tissue fluid secretion.
Cell type dependent endocytic internalization of ErbB2 with an artificial peptide ligand that binds to ErbB2
Authors: Hashizume Toshihiro , Fukuda Takayuki , Nagaoka Tadahiro , Tada Hiroko , Yamada Hidenori , Watanabe Kazuhide , Salomon David S. , Seno Masaharu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractErbB2, which is a member of the epidermal growth factor (erbB) receptor family, is frequently overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers. Antibody and small molecule anti‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed for targeted therapies for cancers overexpressing erbB2. Internalization and downregulation of erbB2, which is induced by a ligand, may be important for efficacious therapeutic effects. However, ligand‐dependent erbB2 internalization has not been well characterized. Here we investigated the internalization of erbB2 in SKBr3 and SKOv3 cells, both overexpressing erbB2, using an EC‐1 peptide fused to eGFP (EC‐eGFP), which specifically binds to erbB2. ErbB2 was internalized in SKOv3 cells when the cells were treated with EC‐eGFP. The accumulation of endosomal erbB2 was EC‐eGFP dependent, which colocalized with transferrin implying endocytosis via clathrin‐coated pits. In contrast, internalization of erbB2 was not observed in SKBr3 cells. As a result, two different mechanisms, which are cell type dependent for the internalization of erbB2, are proposed.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, suppresses CD40 expression and attenuates inflammatory responses after lithium pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus in rats
Authors: Sun Hong , Huang Yuangui , Yu Xin , Li Yongnan , Yang Jun , Li Rui , Deng Yanchun , Zhao Gang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInflammatory responses in the brain are involved in the etiopathogenesis and sequelae of seizures. Ligation of microglial CD40 plays a role in the development of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Our study showed that there was an increased CD40 expression on activated microglia in the brain injury after lithium pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Since peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) acts as a regulator of CNS inflammation and a powerful pharmacological target for counteracting CNS diseases, we investigated the role of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, in the modulation of CD40 expression and in the pathological processes of inflammation after SE. We found that rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of CD40, tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), and microglial activation in different regions of hippocampus. The results were indicated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively. Rosiglitazone also prevented neuronal loss in the CA1 area after SE observed by Nissl‐staining. These protective effects were significantly reversed by the co‐treatment with T0070907, a selective antagonist of the PPARγ, which clearly demonstrated a PPARγ‐dependent mechanism. Our data provide evidence that rosiglitazone considerably attenuates inflammatory responses after SE by suppressing CD40 expression and microglial activation. Our data also support the idea that rosiglitazone might be a potential neuroprotective agent in epilepsy.