bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel-catalyzed switchable arylative/endo-cyclization of 1,6-enynes
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Li Wei , Xu Weipeng , Wang Minyan , Kong Wangqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbo- and heterocycles are frequently used as crucial scaffolds in natural products, fine chemicals, and biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. Transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing functionalized carbo- and heterocycles. Despite significant progress, the regioselectivity of alkyne functionalization is entirely substrate-dependent. And only exo-cyclization/cross-coupling products can be obtained, while endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling remains elusive and still poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed switchable arylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes in which the nature of the ligand dictates the regioselectivity of alkyne arylation, while the electrophilic trapping reagents determine the selectivity of the cyclization mode. Specifically, using a commercially available 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand facilitates trans-arylation/cyclization to obtain seven-membered ring products, while a 2-naphthyl-substituted bisbox ligand promotes cis-arylation/cyclization to access six-membered ring products. Diastereoselective cyclizations have also been developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched piperidines and azepanes, which are core structural elements of pharmaceuticals and natural products possessing important biological activities. Furthermore, experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that the regioselectivity of the alkyne arylation process is entirely controlled by the steric hindrance of the ligand; the reaction mechanism involves exo-cyclization followed by Dowd-Beckwith-type ring expansion to form endo-cyclization products.
A Janus carbaporphyrin pseudo-dimer
Authors: He Haodan , Lee Jiyeon , Zong Zhaohui , Kim Jiwon , Lynch Vincent M. , Oh Juwon , Kim Dongho , Sessler Jonathan L. , Ke Xian-Sheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbaporphyrin dimers, investigated for their distinctive electronic structures and exceptional properties, have predominantly consisted of systems containing identical subunits. This study addresses the associated knowledge gap by focusing on asymmetric carbaporphyrin dimers with Janus-like characteristics. The synthesis of a Janus-type carbaporphyrin pseudo-dimer 5 is presented. It displays antiaromatic characteristics on the fused side and nonaromatic behavior on the unfused side. A newly synthesized tetraphenylene (TPE) linked bis-dibenzihomoporphyrin 8 and a previously reported dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) linked bis-dicarbacorrole 9 were prepared as controls. Comprehensive analyses, including 1H NMR spectral studies, single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations, validate the mixed character of 5. A further feature of the Janus pseudo-dimer 5 is that it may be transformed into a heterometallic complex, with one side coordinating a Cu(III) center and the other stabilizing a BODIPY complex. This disparate regiochemical reactivity underscores the potential of carbaporphyrin dimers as versatile frameworks, with electronic features and site-specific coordination chemistry controlled through asymmetry. These findings position carbaporphyrin dimers as promising candidates for advances in electronic structure studies, coordination chemistry, materials science, and beyond.
Distinct local and global functions of mouse Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors in mechanical nociception
Authors: Gautam Mayank , Yamada Akihiro , Yamada Ayaka I. , Wu Qinxue , Kridsada Kim , Ling Jennifer , Yu Huasheng , Dong Peter , Ma Minghong , Gu Jianguo , Luo Wenqin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe roles of Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) in transmitting mechanical hyperalgesia and in alleviating chronic pain have been of great interest but remain contentious. Here we utilized intersectional genetic tools, optogenetics, and high-speed imaging to specifically examine functions of SplitCre labeled mouse Aβ-LTMRs in this regard. Genetic ablation of SplitCre-Aβ-LTMRs increased mechanical nociception but not thermosensation in both acute and chronic inflammatory pain conditions, indicating a modality-specific role in gating mechanical nociception. Local optogenetic activation of SplitCre-Aβ-LTMRs triggered nociception after tissue inflammation, whereas their broad activation at the dorsal column still alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of chronic inflammation. Taking all data into consideration, we propose a model, in which Aβ-LTMRs play distinctive local and global roles in transmitting or alleviating mechanical hyperalgesia of chronic pain, respectively. Our model suggests a strategy of global activation plus local inhibition of Aβ-LTMRs for treating mechanical hyperalgesia.
An all-optical multidirectional mechano-sensor inspired by biologically mechano-sensitive hair sensilla
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Guo Zhihe , Zhao Xuyang , Liu Sheng , Chen Zhenmin , Dong Wen-Fei , Wang Shixiang , Sun Yun-Lu , Wu Xiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMechano-sensitive hair-like sensilla (MSHS) have an ingenious and compact three-dimensional structure and have evolved widely in living organisms to perceive multidirectional mechanical signals. Nearly all MSHS are iontronic or electronic, including their biomimetic counterparts. Here, an all-optical mechano-sensor mimicking MSHS is prototyped and integrated based on a thin-walled glass microbubble as a flexible whispering-gallery-mode resonator. The minimalist integrated device has a good directionality of 32.31 dB in the radial plane of the micro-hair and can detect multidirectional displacements and forces as small as 70 nm and 0.9 μN, respectively. The device can also detect displacements and forces in the axial direction of the micro-hair as small as 2.29 nm and 3.65 μN, respectively, and perceive different vibrations. This mechano-sensor works well as a real-time, directional mechano-sensory whisker in a quadruped cat-type robot, showing its potential for innovative mechano-transduction, artificial perception, and robotics applications.
Intercavity polariton slows down dynamics in strongly coupled cavities
Authors: García Jomaso Yesenia A. , Vargas Brenda , Domínguez David Ley , Armenta-Rico Román J. , Sauceda Huziel E. , Ordoñez-Romero César L. , Lara-García Hugo A. , Camacho-Guardian Arturo , Pirruccio Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBand engineering stands as an efficient route to induce strongly correlated quantum many-body phenomena. Besides inspiring analogies among diverse physical fields, tuning on demand the group velocity is highly attractive in photonics because it allows unconventional flows of light. Λ-schemes offer a route to control the propagation of light in a lattice-free configurations, enabling exotic phases such as slow-light and allowing for highly optical non-linear systems. Here, we realize room-temperature intercavity Frenkel polaritons excited across two strongly coupled cavities. We demonstrate the formation of a tuneable heavy-polariton, akin to slow light, appearing in the absence of a periodic in-plane potential. Our photonic architecture based on a simple three-level scheme enables the unique spatial segregation of photons and excitons in different cavities and maintains a balanced degree of mixing between them. This unveils a dynamical competition between many-body scattering processes and the underlying polariton nature which leads to an increased fluorescence lifetime. The intercavity polariton features are further revealed under appropriate resonant pumping, where we observe suppression of the polariton fluorescence intensity.
Flash healing of laser-induced graphene
Authors: Cheng Le , Yeung Chi Shun , Huang Libei , Ye Ge , Yan Jie , Li Wanpeng , Yiu Chunki , Chen Fu-Rong , Shen Hanchen , Tang Ben Zhong , Ren Yang , Yu Xinge , Ye Ruquan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advancement of laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has streamlined the fabrications of flexible graphene devices. However, the ultrafast kinetics triggered by laser irradiation generates intrinsic amorphous characteristics, leading to high resistivity and compromised performance in electronic devices. Healing graphene defects in specific patterns is technologically challenging by conventional methods. Herein, we report the rapid rectification of LIG’s topological defects by flash Joule heating in milliseconds (referred to as F-LIG), whilst preserving its overall structure and porosity. The F-LIG exhibits a decreased ID/IG ratio from 0.84 – 0.33 and increased crystalline domain from Raman analysis, coupled with a 5-fold surge in conductivity. Pair distribution function and atomic-resolution imaging delineate a broader-range order of F-LIG with a shorter C-C bond of 1.425 Å. The improved crystallinity and conductivity of F-LIG with excellent flexibility enables its utilization in high-performance soft electronics and low-voltage disinfections. Notably, our F-LIG/polydimethylsiloxane strain sensor exhibits a gauge factor of 129.3 within 10% strain, which outperforms pristine LIG by 800%, showcasing significant potential for human-machine interfaces.
Contamination of 8.2 ka cold climate records by the Storegga tsunami in the Nordic Seas
Authors: Bondevik Stein , Risebrobakken Bjørg , Gibbons Steven J. , Rasmussen Tine L. , Løvholt Finn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe 8200-year BP cooling event is reconstructed in part from sediments in the Norwegian and North Seas. Here we show that these sediments have been reworked by the Storegga tsunami – dated to the coldest decades of the 8.2 ka event. We simulate the maximum tsunami flow velocity to be 2–5 m/s on the shelf offshore western Norway and in the shallower North Sea, and up to about 1 m/s down to a water depth of 1000 m. We re-investigate sediment core MD95-2011 and found the cold-water foraminifera in the 8.2 ka layer to be re-deposited and 11,000 years of age. Oxygen isotopes of the recycled foraminifera might have led to an interpretation of a too large and dramatic climate cooling. Our simulations imply that large parts of the sea floor in the Norwegian and North Seas probably were reworked by currents during the Storegga tsunami.
Gradient matters via filament diameter-adjustable 3D printing
Authors: Qu Huawei , Gao Chongjian , Liu Kaizheng , Fu Hongya , Liu Zhiyuan , Kouwer Paul H. J. , Han Zhenyu , Ruan Changshun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGradient matters with hierarchical structures endow the natural world with excellent integrity and diversity. Currently, direct ink writing 3D printing is attracting tremendous interest, and has been used to explore the fabrication of 1D and 2D hierarchical structures by adjusting the diameter, spacing, and angle between filaments. However, it is difficult to generate complex 3D gradient matters owing to the inherent limitations of existing methods in terms of available gradient dimension, gradient resolution, and shape fidelity. Here, we report a filament diameter-adjustable 3D printing strategy that enables conventional extrusion 3D printers to produce 1D, 2D, and 3D gradient matters with tunable heterogeneous structures by continuously varying the volume of deposited ink on the printing trajectory. In detail, we develop diameter-programmable filaments by customizing the printing velocity and height. To achieve high shape fidelity, we specially add supporting layers at needed locations. Finally, we showcase multi-disciplinary applications of our strategy in creating horizontal, radial, and axial gradient structures, letter-embedded structures, metastructures, tissue-mimicking scaffolds, flexible electronics, and time-driven devices. By showing the potential of this strategy, we anticipate that it could be easily extended to a variety of filament-based additive manufacturing technologies and facilitate the development of functionally graded structures.
Prognosis and treatment outcomes for patients with stage IA triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tarantino Paolo , Leone Julieta , Vallejo Carlos T. , Freedman Rachel A. , Waks Adrienne G. , Martínez-Sáez Olga , Garrido-Castro Ana , Lynce Filipa , Tayob Nabihah , Lin Nancy U. , Tolaney Sara M. , Leone Jose P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the role of chemotherapy in stage IA triple-negative breast cancer, we conducted a retrospective population-based study including 8601 patients. The use of chemotherapy significantly increased from 2010 to 2019 in patients with T1b and T1c tumors (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Receipt of chemotherapy was associated with improved breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.70; p = 0.006), particularly in patients with T1c tumors (5-year BCSS 94.5% vs. 91.2%).
Tuning the plasmonic resonance in TiN refractory metal
Authors: Rana Anchal , Sharma Neeraj Kumar , Bera Sambhunath , Yadav Aditya , Gupta Govind , Rana Abhimanyu Singh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlasmonic coatings can absorb electromagnetic radiation from visible to far-infrared spectrum for the better performance of solar panels and energy saving smart windows. For these applications, it is important for these coatings to be as thin as possible and grown at lower temperatures on arbitrary substrates like glass, silicon, or flexible polymers. Here, we tune and investigate the plasmonic resonance of titanium nitride thin films in lower thicknesses regime varying from ~ 20 to 60 nm. High-quality crystalline thin films of route-mean-square roughness less than ~ 0.5 nm were grown on a glass substrate at temperature of ~ 200 °C with bias voltage of − 60 V using cathodic vacuum arc deposition. A local surface-enhanced-plasmonic-resonance was observed between 400 and 500 nm, which further shows a blueshift in plasmonic frequency in thicker films due to the increase in the carrier mobility. These results were combined with finite-difference-time-domain numerical analysis to understand the role of thicknesses and stoichiometry on the broadening of electromagnetic absorption.
Brisk walking improves motor function and lower limb muscle strength in Chinese women aged 80 years and older
Authors: Wang Yang , Lu Yifan , Fang Zilong , Yan Huiping , Li Jiahao , Ye Zhifan , Yu Yichao , Shan Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of a 12-week brisk walking exercise regimen on motor function improvements in elderly women. Twenty-six elderly women, aged 84.2 ± 3.2 years, participated in a 12-week brisk walking exercise program. Fitness assessments and blood biomarker analyses (including CHO, HDLC, LDLC, TC) were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, targeted metabolomics was employed to measure short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamin metabolites. The intervention led to significant enhancements in participants' flexibility (p < 0.05), lower limb muscle strength (p < 0.01), and cardiorespiratory endurance (p < 0.01), while muscle mass showed no significant changes. Fifteen significant differential metabolites were identified (VIP > 1.0, FC > 1.2 or < 0.8, and p < 0.05), with arginine, ornithine, aspartic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and pantothenic acid playing key roles across seven metabolic pathways. A 12-week brisk walking exercise program significantly enhanced flexibility, lower limb muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance among elderly women. These improvements did not extend to muscle mass or upper limb muscle strength. The observed enhancement in exercise capacity may be attributed to improved regulation of neurotransmitters.
A rigorous theoretical and numerical analysis of a nonlinear reaction-diffusion epidemic model pertaining dynamics of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Laiquan , Khan Arshad Alam , Ullah Saif , Haider Nadeem , AlQahtani Salman A. , Saqib Abdul Baseer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe spatial movement of the human population from one region to another and the existence of super-spreaders are the main factors that enhanced the disease incidence. Super-spreaders refer to the individuals having transmitting ability to multiple pathogens. In this article, an epidemic model with spatial and temporal effects is formulated to analyze the impact of some preventing measures of COVID-19. The model is developed using six nonlinear partial differential equations. The infectious individuals are sub-divided into symptomatic, asymptomatic and super-spreader classes. In this study, we focused on the rigorous qualitative analysis of the reaction-diffusion model. The fundamental mathematical properties of the proposed COVID-19 epidemic model such as boundedness, positivity, and invariant region of the problem solution are derived, which ensure the validity of the proposed model. The model equilibria and its stability analysis for both local and global cases have been presented. The normalized sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out in order to observe the crucial factors in the transmission of infection. Furthermore, an efficient numerical scheme is applied to solve the proposed model and detailed simulation are performed. Based on the graphical observation, diffusion in the context of confined public gatherings is observed to significantly inhibit the spread of infection when compared to the absence of diffusion. This is especially important in scenarios where super-spreaders may play a major role in transmission. The impact of some non-pharmaceutical interventions are illustrated graphically with and without diffusion. We believe that the present investigation will be beneficial in understanding the complex dynamics and control of COVID-19 under various non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Mitochondrial DNA as a target for analyzing the biodistribution of cell therapy products
Authors: Cho Young-Woo , Yoon Jaehyeon , Song Suk-Gil , Noh Young-Woock 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiodistribution tests are crucial for evaluating the safety of cell therapy (CT) products in order to prevent unwanted organ homing of these products in patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using intronic Alu is a popular method for biodistribution testing owing to its ability to detect donor cells without modifying CT products and low detection limit. However, Alu-qPCR may generate inaccurate information owing to background signals caused by the mixing of human genomic DNA with that of experimental animals. The aim of this study was to develop a test method that is more specific and sensitive than Alu-qPCR, targeting the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence that varies substantially between humans and experimental animals. We designed primers for 12S, 16S, and cytochrome B in mtDNA regions, assessed their specificity and sensitivity, and selected primers and probes for the 12S region. Human adipose-derived stem cells, used as CT products, were injected into the tail vein of athymic NCr-nu/nu mice and detected, 7 d after administration, in their lungs at an average concentration of 2.22 ± 0.69 pg/μg mouse DNA, whereas Alu was not detected. Therefore, mtDNA is more specific and sensitive than Alu and is a useful target for evaluating CT product biodistribution.
Orthotopic transplantation of the bioengineered lung using a mouse-scale perfusion-based bioreactor and human primary endothelial cells
Authors: Tomiyama Fumiko , Suzuki Takaya , Watanabe Tatsuaki , Miyanaga Jun , Suzuki Anna , Ito Takayasu , Murai Sho , Suzuki Yuyo , Niikawa Hiromichi , Oishi Hisashi , Notsuda Hirotsugu , Watanabe Yui , Hirama Takashi , Onodera Ken , Togo Takeo , Noda Masafumi , Waddell Thomas K. , Karoubi Golnaz , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhole lung engineering and the transplantation of its products is an ambitious goal and ultimately a viable solution for alleviating the donor-shortage crisis for lung transplants. There are several limitations currently impeding progress in the field with a major obstacle being efficient revascularization of decellularized scaffolds, which requires an extremely large number of cells when using larger pre-clinical animal models. Here, we developed a simple but effective experimental pulmonary bioengineering platform by utilizing the lung as a scaffold. Revascularization of pulmonary vasculature using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells was feasible using a novel in-house developed perfusion-based bioreactor. The endothelial lumens formed in the peripheral alveolar area were confirmed using a transmission electron microscope. The quality of engineered lung vasculature was evaluated using box-counting analysis of histological images. The engineered mouse lungs were successfully transplanted into the orthotopic thoracic cavity. The engineered vasculature in the lung scaffold showed blood perfusion after transplantation without significant hemorrhage. The mouse-based lung bioengineering system can be utilized as an efficient ex-vivo screening platform for lung tissue engineering.
Characterization of human papillomavirus genotypes and their coverage in vaccine delivered to Ethiopian women
Authors: Abate Alemayehu , Munshea Abaineh , Nibret Endalkachew , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Alemu Ashenafi , Abdissa Alemseged , Mihret Adane , Abebe Markos , Mulu Andargachew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is a significant public health concern in Ethiopia. It is mainly caused by persistent infection with the human papillomaviruses. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between carcinogenic risk of probable, possible and low risk HPV infection and those of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. A cross sectional study nested from prospective cohort study was conducted in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSSversion 26.0. HPV-16 was associated with a relatively higher risk of CIN II+, (AOR = 15.42; 95% CI 6.81–34.91). In addition, HPV-52, -18, -53 and -58, were significantly associated with an increased risk of CIN II+, (AOR = 7.38 (1.73–31.54), 5.42 (1.61–18.31), 4.08 (1.53–10.87), and 3.17 (1.00–10.03)), respectively. The current study shows high rate of HPV with predominance of HPV-16, -53, -58, -18, -35, and -52. The quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccine had only covered 27.1% and 45% of the circulating HPV genotypes. Ethiopia may need to consider introduction of nonavalent vaccine into the national public health strategy. Polyvalent vaccine which includes the genotypes not covered by existing approved vaccines should be considered.