bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O-RADS MRI scoring system: key points for correct application in inexperienced hands
Authors: Cabedo Lledó , Sebastià Carmen , Munmany Meritxell , Fusté Pere , Gaba Lydia , Saco Adela , Rodriguez Adela , Paño Blanca , Nicolau Carlos 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of the O-RADS MRI criteria in the stratification of risk of malignancy of solid or sonographically indeterminate ovarian masses and assess the interobserver agreement of this classification between experienced and inexperienced radiologists.

Methods
This single-centre retrospective study included patients from 2019 to 2022 with sonographically indeterminate or solid ovarian masses who underwent MRI with a specific protocol for characterisation according to O-RADS MRI specifications. Each study was evaluated using O-RADS lexicon by two radiologists, one with 17 years of experience in gynaecological radiology and another with 4 years of experience in general radiology. Findings were classified as benign, borderline, or malignant according to histology or stability over time. Diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement were assessed.

Results
A total of 183 patients with US indeterminate or solid adnexal masses were included. Fifty-seven (31%) did not have ovarian masses, classified as O-RADS 1. The diagnostic performance for scores 2–5 was excellent with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 97.4%, 100%, 96.2%, and 100%, respectively by the experienced radiologist and 96.1%, 92.0%, 93.9%, and 94.8% by the inexperienced radiologist. Interobserver concordance was very high (Kappa index 0.92). Almost all the misclassified cases were due to misinterpretation of the classification similar to reports in the literature.

Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of O-RADS MRI determined by either experienced or inexperienced radiologists is excellent, facilitating decision-making with high diagnostic accuracy and high reproducibility. Knowledge of this classification and use of assessment tools could avoid frequent errors due to misinterpretation.

Critical relevance statement
Up to 31% of ovarian masses are considered indeterminate by transvaginal US and 32% of solid lesions considered malignant by transvaginal US are benign. The O-RADs MRI accurately classifies these masses, even when used by inexperienced radiologists, thereby avoiding incorrect surgical approaches.

Key points
• O-RADS MRI accurately classifies indeterminate and solid ovarian masses by ultrasound.
• There is excellent interobserver agreement between experienced and non-experienced radiologists.
• O-RADS MRI is a helpful tool to assess clinical decision-making in ovarian tumours.

Graphical Abstract
World Health Organization World Hand Hygiene Day, 5 May 2024. SAVE LIVES: clean your hands campaign: promoting knowledge and capacity building on infection prevention and control, including hand hygiene, among health and care workers
Authors: Kilpatrick Claire , Tartari Ermira , Deeves Miranda , Pittet Didier , Allegranzi Benedetta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization’s (WHO) World Hand Hygiene Day continues to “bring people together and accelerate hand hygiene action at the point of care in health care to contribute to a reduction in health care-associated infections and the achievement of safer, quality health care for all”.
Genetically predicted dietary macronutrient intakes and atrial fibrillation risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Zhuoya , Zhang Jiale , Jiao Haoyang , Tian Wei , Zhai Xu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
Previous observational investigations have indicated a potential association between relative dietary macronutrient intakes and atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) risk. In this study, we employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) to evaluate the presence of causality and to elucidate the specific causal relationship.

Methods
We employed six, five, and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for relative carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, identified from a genome-wide association study that included 268,922 individuals of European descent. Furthermore, we acquired summary statistics for genome-wide association studies on AF from the FinnGen consortium, which involved 22,068 cases and 116,926 controls. To evaluate the causal estimates, we utilized the random effect inverse variance weighted method (IVW) and several other MR methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to confirm the robustness of our findings.

Results
Our analysis indicates a convincing causal relationship between genetically predicted relative carbohydrate and protein intake and reduced AF risk. Inverse variance weighted analysis results for carbohydrates (OR = 0.29; 95% CI (0.14, 0.59); P < 0.001) and protein (OR = 0.47; 95% CI (0.26, 0.85); P = 0.01) support this association. Our MR analysis did not identify a significant causal relationship between relative fat intake and AF risk.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between higher relative protein and carbohydrate intake and a lower risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Attachment insecurities, emotion dynamics and stress in intimate relationships during the transition to parenthood
Authors: Kouri Georgia , Meuwly Nathalie , Richter Marianne , Schoebi Dominik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In intimate relationships, which are characterized by emotional interdependence, partners act as attachment figures which serve emotion regulation functions. The experience of emotions as well as the strategies that partners use to regulate them and to respond to relational experiences, especially during stressful periods, differ greatly according to their attachment orientation. An important aspect in emotion dynamics is emotional inertia, which reflects the degree to which a person’s current affective state is resistant to change on a moment-to-moment basis. Inertia has been related to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, like suppression and rumination, preferentially used by highly anxious and avoidant individuals. The aim of this study is to examine associations between attachment orientations and reports on the experience of positive and negative affect, and their dynamics in daily life across the transition to parenthood.

Methods
Longitudinal data from a sample of 152 mixed-gender couples collected across the transition to parenthood was analyzed. We predicted that individuals with a more insecure attachment would report more negative and less positive affect, and that their emotional experience would be more resistant to change over time. We explored effects when participants reported feeling stressed.

Results
The data suggested that attachment anxiety was associated with less positive and more negative affect and that attachment avoidance was associated with more positive affect. Anxious individuals showed lower emotional inertia and not higher as we expected. Reported stress for anxious and avoidant individuals was significantly associated with more negative but not less positive affect.

Conclusions
Results are discussed in the light of their impact on couples during stressful periods. Differences between anxiety and avoidance are found, emphasizing the importance of attachment insecurities on the experience of emotion. Furthermore, our findings on momentary fluctuating affect offer complementary insight into the emotional functioning of individuals with different attachment orientations.
GCMS-based phytochemical profiling and in vitro pharmacological activities of plant Alangium salviifolium (L.f) Wang
Authors: Hongal Annapurneshwari M. , Shettar Arun K. , Hoskeri Joy H. , Vedamurthy A. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
There is an urge for traditional herbal remedies as an alternative to modern medicine in treating several diseases. A significant number of modern pharmaceutical drugs are based on or derived from medicinal plants or their extracts. These drugs derived from the plant origin have various antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities. Alangium salviifolium belongs to Cornaceae family and is well known for its medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant effect and possible bioactive components present in the chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract of Alangium salviifolium leaves.

Methodology
Dried leaves of Alangium salviifolium were subjected to serial solvent extraction using increasing polarity of solvents, i.e., chloroform, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water. Crude extracts were further tested for qualitative analysis of phytochemicals using standard procedure, while GCMS analysis was performed to identify the probable phytocompounds. Antibacterial activity was performed against bacterial pathogens using agar well method, whereas antioxidant activity was performed using in vitro PM, DPPH and FRAP assays.

Results
Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of key phytochemical classes. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, several high and low molecular weight chemical compound kinds were discovered. These chemical substances are regarded as having significant biological and pharmacological effects. All crude extracts had considerable and comparable in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Conclusions
According to the findings of this study, Alangium salviifolium leaves are a rich source of phytoconstituents that are crucial in stopping the advancement of numerous disorders.
Influence of tool nose angle on cutting performance in hot machining of Inconel 718
Authors: Liu Xin , Lin Xiaoliang , Jia Xiaowei , Li Yueyang , Shao Changfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuperalloy Inconel718 is an important material for aircraft preparation because of its excellent performance at high temperatures. However, when cutting Inconel718, a large amount of cutting heat will be generated, resulting in excessive tool temperature and serious wear, which accelerates the tool failure. In order to solve this problem, the influence of tool angle on the process of thermal aided machining was studied by simulation model combined with thermal aided machining technology. During the cutting process, the workpiece preheating temperature rises from room temperature 20° C to 500° C, the front tool angle range is − 5° to 10°, and the rear tool angle range is 4° to 16°. By analyzing various parameters, it was found that a smaller tool rake angle can effectively reduce the tool temperature. Additionally, a flank angle of around 12° was found to decrease the maximum wear area of the tool by approximately 10.5%. Moreover, it was observed that implementing heat-assisted machining can result in a significant reduction of tool temperature by 11.1%, as well as a decrease in cutting force ranging from 18 to 22%, particularly at temperatures exceeding 500 °C.
Machine Learning–Based Survival Prediction Models for Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Rask Kragh Jørgensen Rasmus , Bergström Fanny , Eloranta Sandra , Tang Severinsen Marianne , Bjøro Smeland Knut , Fosså Alexander , Haaber Christensen Jacob , Hutchings Martin , Bo Dahl-Sørensen Rasmus , Kamper Peter , Glimelius Ingrid , E Smedby Karin , K Parsons Susan , Mae Rodday Angie , J Maurer Matthew , M Evens Andrew , C El-Galaly Tarec , Hjort Jakobsen Lasse 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE Patients diagnosed with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (aHL) have historically been risk-stratified using the International Prognostic Score (IPS). This study investigated if a machine learning (ML) approach could outperform existing models when it comes to predicting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study used patient data from the Danish National Lymphoma Register for model development (development cohort). The ML model was developed using stacking, which combines several predictive survival models (Cox proportional hazard, flexible parametric model, IPS, principal component, penalized regression) into a single model, and was compared with two versions of IPS (IPS-3 and IPS-7) and the newly developed aHL international prognostic index (A-HIPI). Internal model validation was performed using nested cross-validation, and external validation was performed using patient data from the Swedish Lymphoma Register and Cancer Registry of Norway (validation cohort). RESULTS In total, 707 and 760 patients with aHL were included in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Examining model performance for OS in the development cohort, the concordance index (C-index) for the ML model, IPS-7, IPS-3, and A-HIPI was found to be 0.789, 0.608, 0.650, and 0.768, respectively. The corresponding estimates in the validation cohort were 0.749, 0.700, 0.663, and 0.741. For PFS, the ML model achieved the highest C-index in both cohorts (0.665 in the development cohort and 0.691 in the validation cohort). The time-varying AUCs for both the ML model and the A-HIPI were consistently higher in both cohorts compared with the IPS models within the first 5 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSION The new prognostic model for aHL on the basis of ML techniques demonstrated a substantial improvement compared with the IPS models, but yielded a limited improvement in predictive performance compared with the A-HIPI.
Rehumanizing Ainu
Authors: Tamura Yurika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article argues that many contemporary female Ainu performance-activists from the Ainu community of Japan, including a performance scene led by Ainu huci (female elders) at an Ainu cultural education center in Sapporo, Japan, engage in performance of desubjectification, which emphasizes the sameness of their humanity with the dominant Japanese rather than arguing for Ainu ethnic difference or their colonial history. At first glance, their performance and iterations seem detached from the discourse of Indigenous resistance. However, this article demonstrates how such iteration of singularity—sameness—derives from a particular Ainu colonial history and argues that their performance critically eschews colonial and imperial ideas of authenticity, ethnic difference, and the universal human. In doing so, the Ainu performance scene in this article presents itself as a theoretical performance activism against the Western (and Japanese imperial) notion of Indigenous peoples as less-than-human. By using bodies, sound, and sensations, these performers define Ainu Indigeneity in their own terms, and achieve an Ainu Indigenous critique of the “human,” the concept that is built on exclusion and marginalization of ethnic minorities and colonized subjects.
Indigenous Women on the Frontlines of Climate Activism
Authors: Guajajara Sônia Bone , Xakriabá Célia , McNee Malcolm , Langdon Elena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this public address, transcribed and translated from the Portuguese, two leaders of Brazil’s pan-ethnic Indigenous rights movement, Sônia Bone Guajajara and Célia Xakriabá, describe their respective formation, their involvement in environmental and human rights struggles, and the global stakes involved in the recognition and protection of the traditional territorial claims and land-use practices of Indigenous peoples in the Brazilian Amazon and beyond.
Hortense Spillers and the Ungendering of (Re)productive Racial Capitalism
Authors: Weinbaum Alys Eve 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article theorizes the reproductive dimensions of racial capitalism. It begins by bringing into conversation Black Marxist theories of racial capitalism and Marxist feminist theories of social and biological reproduction proffered by Cedric Robinson and Silvia Federici respectively. It demonstrates that since its inception, racial capitalism has depended on processes of racialized (re)productive accumulation that are ongoing but not yet fully theorized. At the center of the essay is a close reading of Hortense Spillers’s 1987 contribution “Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe: An American Grammar Book.” Though Spillers is not generally regarded as either a Black Marxist or a Marxist feminist, the essay argues that she ought to be recognized as a theorist of racialized (re)productive accumulation—a process that begins aboard the slave ship, persists on the plantation, and endures into the present. Racialized (re)productive accumulation exploited she whom Spillers often denotes as “the captive female,” and, also, paradoxically, ungendered her. Ultimately, through examination of the process of ungendering in Atlantic slavery, the essay suggests that Spillers opens up new ways to think about the history of racial capitalism, (re)productive dispossession, and the possibility of its refusal. The article concludes by considering how Spillers’s complex insights about the process of ungendering might yet be mobilized to secure truly substantive forms of reproductive justice.
Surrogacy at the Fertility Frontier
Authors: Vertommen Sigrid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurrogacy is a popular assisted reproductive practice in Israel, and it has been legal since 1996, albeit, until recently, only for married heterosexual couples. Same-sex couples who aspired to genetic parenthood were therefore “forced” to look for available surrogates abroad, in countries such as the United States, India, Nepal, Mexico, and Russia. This resulted in the emergence of a lucrative transnational surrogacy industry in Israel that relies on the reproductive labor power of racialized egg cell providers and surrogates in the global South, East, and North. While much of the existing research on surrogacy in Israel explains its ubiquity by centering cultural accounts of Jewishness, this article rethinks contemporary policies, practices, and markets of assisted reproduction from the vantage point of the “colonial episteme,” by unpacking the complex “intimacies” and reproductive afterlives of settler colonialism and racial capitalism in Israel/Palestine. The article argues that surrogacy operates both as a demographic frontier in the consolidation of a Jewish state in Israel/Palestine and as a commodity frontier for the accumulation of capital in a booming surrogacy industry. Surrogacy and other reproductive technologies also emerge as sites of reproductive resistance through practices of surrogacy strikes and sperm smuggling.
Creation and Characterization of the β-1,4-Glucanase (CMCase)Producing Mutant Strains of Bacillus sp. with Ultraviolet Radiation and Ethidium Bromide
Authors: Sezan A , Baylan M 
Published: April 2024

In this study, the β-1,4-glucanase-producing Bacillus sp. strains were isolated from soil; then, in these strains, the undesired enzyme genes such as α-amylase, xylanase, protease were inactivated by mutation using Ethidium bromide (EtBr) and UV ray; thus, only β-1,4-glucanase producing strains were obtained. The enzyme activities (pH, temperature, thermostability, etc.) of the wild strain and its two mutant variants (UV mutant (mUV), EtBr mutant (mEB)) producing β-1,4-glucanase were partially characterized. It was found that the optimum pHs for the mUV, mEB, and the wild strain were 7.0, 6.0 and 9.0, respectively; and the optimum temperatures were 50, 60, and 50 ℃, respectively. Finally, the molecular weights of the cellulase enzymes of all the three bacteria were found to be 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis.
Effects of estradiol, progesterone and kisspeptin-1 concentrations at the time of insemination on conception rates in cattle
Authors: Kaya S , Kaçar C , Arı UC , Merhan O , Demir MC , Bekyürek T , Gürbulak K 
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of kisspeptin (Kiss-1), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) levels at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on conception rates and also whether or not there is a relationship between Kiss-1 and E2 levels in cattle. Cows (n=100) raised on a semi-closed farm system and having corpus luteum were administered 25mg of prostaglandin F2a (Dinolytic®, Zoetis, Spain) and were evaluated following injection for signs of estrus. Just prior to AI, pre-ovulatory follicle diameters were assessed by ultrasonography (USG) and recorded. Then blood samples were collected. Blood serum samples were separated and stored until analyzed. Pregnancies were determined with rectal USG on day 30±2 following AI. The mean follicular diameters at the time of AI were similar in pregnant (17.9±0.01 mm) and non-pregnant (17.9±0.01 mm) cows. E2, P4, and Kiss-1 levels at the time of AI were determined from serum samples using the ELISA method. The Kiss-1 level at the time of AI in pregnant cows (80.58±4.4 pg/mL) was statistically higher than that in non-pregnant cows (66.68±2.48 pg/mL) (P=0.003). There were no statistically significant differences in E2 and P4 levels between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Moreover, while a significant correlation was found between serum kiss-1 level and follicle diameter, no significant correlation was found between serum estrogen and progesterone levels. In conclusion, Kiss-1 levels at the time of AI may be used to predict the possibility of successful pregnancy in cattle, allowing different approaches to be developed to increase pregnancy rates in animals with low Kiss-1 levels at the time of AI.
Effects of Free-Choice Provision of Different Forage Sources in Preweaning Period on Performance and Some Rumen Parameters of Simmental Calves
Authors: Türkmen M , Muruz H 
Published: April 2024

The objective was to evaluate the effect of free-choice provision of different forage sources [(alfalfa hay (AH) or grass hay (GH)] in preweaning period on performance and rumen fermentation of dairy calves. Twenty-one Individually housed Simmental calves (46.69 ± 4.14 birth weight, 3 days old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments of 7 calves each: Control: pelleted starter without forage, GH: pelleted starter + GH and AH: pelleted starter feed + AH. The study continued from 3 days of age to 56 days of age. All calves were fed 2 × 2.6 L of whole milk (5.2 L/day) until the end of the experiment. Starter and forage were offered ad libitum in different buckets during the experiment. Feed intake was monitored daily and body weight was measured at the begining and end of the experiment. Ruminal fluid samples were taken from calves on the last day of the experiment. Inclusion of forage in the diet had no significant effect on starter intake, final body weight, body structure, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio. Fecal scores were also not affected by the treatments. At the end of the study, calves fed pelleted starter had lower rumen pH than calves fed forage supplemented diets (P<0.001). On the other hand, calves fed with forage-supplemented diets had higher acetate and acetate to propionate ratios than calves fed starter diets alone (P<0.01). The results of this experiment indicate that consumption of 5.74% GS and 6.60% AH of total DMI can improve the rumen environment without affecting starter feed consumption and animal performance, but If larger scale, on-farm studies confirm the results of this study, to achieve maximum growth in the preweaning period, it may be recommended to give the calves GH or AH separately from the starter feed.