bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do Web users respond to non‐banner‐ads animation? The effects of task type and user experience
Authors: Hong Weiyin , Thong James Y.L. , Tam Kar Yan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrior research on Web animation typically focuses on banner ads, where the findings suggest that users are capable of ignoring the animation when performing online tasks. Research on non‐banner‐ads animation (e.g., animation applied to the main content of an e‐commerce Web site), however, is relatively scarce with inconclusive results. We propose that the effects of non‐banner‐ads animation are moderated by task type and the Web user's experience with the animation. Drawing upon divided attention theories, especially the central capacity theory, this research investigates the effects of non‐banner‐ads animation on Web users' clicking behavior, task performance, and perceptions through an online shopping experiment. The results show that non‐banner‐ads animation does attract Web users' attention, with the animated item more likely to be clicked first and also more likely to be purchased when users are performing browsing tasks. Meanwhile, Web users' task performance and perceptions are negatively affected in the presence of animation. Moreover, the negative effects of animation on task performance are greater in browsing tasks than in searching tasks. Finally, experience can help Web users to reduce the distraction from animation and is more effective when users are engaged in searching tasks than when they are engaged in browsing tasks.
A tale of two hurricanes: Comparing Katrina and Rita through a knowledge management perspective
Authors: Chua Alton Y.K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study compares the preparation and response efforts to Katrina and Rita through a knowledge management (KM) perspective. To achieve this objective, a theoretical KM framework is developed to examine the KM processes that underpin disaster management activities. The framework is then used to identify different dimensions along which the two disasters can be compared. The data, totaling some 500 documents, were drawn from a wide variety of news, congressional, and Internet sources. The findings show that the nonchalance towards the disaster's imminence, grossly inadequate preparations, and the chaotic responses seen in Katrina stood in stark contrast to the colossal scale of precautionary measures and response operations primed for Rita. The article concludes by highlighting three KM implications for managing large‐scale natural disasters.
Study of Aconitine toxicity in rat embryos in vitro
Authors: Xiao Kai , Wang Li , Liu Yuqing , Peng Cheng , Yan Guangyan , Zhang Jianjun , Zhuo Yanqiang , Li Hongxia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aconitum is widely used in traditional medicine for its anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and cardiotonic properties. Knowledge is limited, however, on its effects on embryonic development. METHODS: Whole embryo culture was applied to explore the effects of aconitine on rat embryos during their critical period of organogenesis. All embryos isolated on gestational day 9.5 were exposed to 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/ml of aconitine with and without S9 mix, and scored for their growth and differentiation at the end of the 48‐hr culture period. RESULTS: The embryonic growth and development were adversely affected at the concentration of 2.5 µg/ml aconitine without S9 mix, represented as reduced crown‐rump length and head length, decreased number of somites, and lower morphologic score. When the concentration of aconitine was increased to 5 µg/ml, it induced severe dysmorphogenesis effects, including cardiac defect (undivided cardiac tube and inflated pericardial cavity), irregular somites, and brain malformation (e.g., narrow brain vesicles). In the presence of S9 mix, Aconitine toxicity to rat embryos was reduced to a certain extent. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that Aconitine had direct embryotoxic effects during the rat organogenetic period. NOAEL was about 1 µg/ml and metabolism in S9 mix could induce the attenuation of Aconitine toxicity. Until more is known about the effects of Aconitine in pregnant women, we suggest its use should be treated with caution. Birth Defects Res B, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joining up children's services: safeguarding children in multi‐disciplinary teams
Authors: Frost Nick , Robinson Mark 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article we reflect on the complexity and the contested nature of the roles of multi‐disciplinary teams working with children. This is an increasingly important issue in the current UK child welfare policy environment. The article uses the theories of Etienne Wenger to understand data gathered from five multi‐disciplinary teams working with children. We explore key issues relating to location; information sharing; models of understanding; and professional identities. We hope to demonstrate that the teams addressed tensions creatively through their engagement with diversity while at the same time developing common team values. We argue that effective strategies for making multi‐disciplinary teams work will combine inter‐agency issues with internal team‐specific aspects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young people's views of children's rights and advocacy services: a case for ‘caring’ advocacy?
Authors: Barnes Vivienne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper looks at some preliminary findings from research with young people in foster and residential care in the UK who have received advocacy services from a range of local authority and voluntary agencies. The study also includes the views of professionals, from both children's rights and social services. The initial findings highlight the importance to young people of their relationship with rights professionals. They speak about the value to them of care and respect, aspects not always seen as fundamental to rights work. Caring, in its various guises is seen by young people as a vital component of their relationship with children's rights workers. They also see this as important within advocacy work itself since caring about the outcome is often key. A pure individual rights focus with an emphasis on challenge and ‘being heard’ may not take account of the complexity of their situation and may pose difficult dilemmas for young people, especially in dealings with their carers.This ‘caring’ advocacy is not the paternalistic approach of a professional who ‘knows what's best for you’ but is a model based on a strong awareness of ways that young people are excluded and oppressed. It is also about placing a positive value on their contribution as citizens and links to a view of society that gives importance to an ethic of inter‐relationship and care as well as an ethic of individual rights. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Dispersed in Organic Ligand Solutions by Using a Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy‐Based Strategy
Authors: Van Lokeren Luk , Maheut Géraldine , Ribot François , Escax Virginie , Verbruggen Ingrid , Sanchez Clément , Martins José C. , Biesemans Monique , Willem Rudolph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDiffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY NMR) is presented as a tool for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of organic ligands in suspensions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by a sol‐gel process by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of titanium tetra‐n‐butoxide in the presence of pentane‐2,4‐dione (acacH: acetylacetone), as well as para‐toluenesulfonic acid (pTsA) and n‐butanol (nBuOH). NMR spectroscopic studies were performed in various deuterated solvents, on both dispersed xerosols and diluted sols. The bipolar‐pulsed field gradient longitudinal eddy‐current delay (LED) pulse sequence was used for data acquisition. The data were processed by inverse Laplace transformation (ILT), by using a maximum entropy algorithm, to afford 2D DOSY spectra. Different diffusion regimes for organic ligands in the bound and unbound states were successfully discriminated, more particularly in [D3]acetonitrile, thus allowing assessment of their interactions with the nanoparticles.
Nitroxide Radicals as Probes for Exploring the Binding Properties of the Cucurbit[7]uril Host
Authors: Mezzina Elisabetta , Cruciani Francesca , Pedulli Gian Franco , Lucarini Marco 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEPR spectroscopy was used for the first time to explore the binding properties of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7), a representative member of the cucurbituril family. Evidence for the formation of a complex between nitroxide radicals and the host system in an aqueous solution was provided by large changes in the nitrogen hyperfine splitting, attributed to the different polar environments experienced by the included radical. In the presence of alkali cations, the EPR spectra of benzyl tert‐butyl nitroxide were characterised by new signals attributed to the radical hosted in the CB7 cavity in which one metal cation is in close contact with the nitroxidic oxygen. The formation of the coordination complex results in a substantial increase in the electron spin density on the nitrogen in inverse order with respect to the size of the cation owing to increased localisation of negative charge on the oxygen atom from bonding to the alkali cation. The EPR spectra showed selective line‐broadening effects as a result of metal exchange between bulk water and the coordination complex. Analysis of the EPR linewidth variations allowed us to measure the corresponding kinetic rate constants for the first time. NMR spectroscopy showed that this behaviour is not peculiar to nitroxides but is also exhibited by the related carbonyl compounds. These data allowed us to quantify the template effect and to reach the conclusion that, in the presence of a guest having a coordinating lone pair, the formation of ternary metal‐guest‐CB complexes must be taken into account when discussing the complexation behaviour of cucurbituril derivatives in the presence of salts.
Quantum Mechanical Calculations of Conformationally Relevant 1H and 13C NMR Chemical Shifts of N‐, O‐, and S‐Substituted Calixarene Systems
Authors: Bifulco Giuseppe , Riccio Raffaele , Gaeta Carmine , Neri Placido 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQM GIAO calculations of 13C and 1H chemical shift values of the ArCH2Ar group in N‐, O‐, and S‐substituted calixarene systems were performed with a hybrid DFT functional MPW1PW91 and 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. A good reproduction of experimental data was obtained for some representative calixarenes and for a series of simplified calixarene models. This allowed the derivation of chemical shift surfaces versus ϕ and χ dihedral angles. The applicability of chemical shift surfaces in the study of calixarene conformational features is illustrated.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Macrocyclic Dihydroxystilbenes Linked between thepara–paraPositions
Authors: Mateo Carmen , López Vilmarí , Medarde Manuel , Peláez Rafael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new family of diphenylethanes has been synthesized as conformationally restricted analogues of antimitotic combretastatins. The two phenyl rings are linked between thepara‐phenolic positions through a 3‐oxapentamethylene or hexamethylene chain. The key macrocyclization step was achieved in moderate yields by using an intramolecular McMurry pinacol coupling of linked aromatic dialdehydes, except for the nitro‐substituted compounds. The relative stereochemistry of the isomeric pinacols was determined by a combination of spectroscopic, chemical derivatization, and molecular‐modeling approaches. The NMR spectra of these compounds (with a polyoxygenated crownophane skeleton) indicate severe conformational restrictions relative to their parent combretastatins; the rotation of the phenyl rings is hampered by interactions of their substituents and the linker and the conformational restrictions imposed by the substituted bridge.
High Temperature Oxidation of the Refractory Alloy Glass Nb35Ni60Sn5.
Authors: Gallino Isabella , Busch Ralf , Yim Haein Choi , Jastrow Lioba , Koester Uwe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Propargylic Oxiranes, Phenols and Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Murao Tomohiko , Sugimoto Kenji , Ihara Masataka 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New 5‐Hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one Derivatives Has Both Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Rho Ho Sik , Baek Heung Soo , You Jae Won , Kim Sujong , Lee Jin Young , Kim Duck Hee , Chang Ih Seop 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Versatile Synthesis of Cyclic Diphenyl Ether‐Type Diarylheptanoids: Acerogenins, (.+‐.)‐Galeon, and (.+‐.)‐Pterocarine
Authors: Jeong Byeong‐Seon , Wang Qian , Son Jong‐Keun , Jahng Yurngdong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Price competition during and after promotions
Authors: Sigué Simon Pierre , Karray Salma 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe provide a framework for setting regular prices and using promotional discounts in a duopoly where long‐term promotional effects are present and the firms' pricing and promotional strategies are common knowledge (e.g., as in online markets). We show that at equilibrium, the two firms may not promote and instead adopt an Everyday Low Price (EDLP) strategy. Consumers' tendency to stockpile promoted products, the level of brand loyalty and product differentiation, and the possibility of a postpromotional sales increase critically influence regular prices, price discount rates, and profits. Under some conditions consumer stockpiling intensifies promotional competition and reduces firms' profits while the possibility of attracting new consumers reduces the need to heavily promote and ensures better profits. Managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Kinetics of the Schiff Base Metal Complexes Bearing Side Chain of Cyclic morpholine in Carboxylic Ester Hydrolysis
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Lin , Li Min‐Jiao , Ou Zhong‐Wen , Chen Guo‐Xu , Liu Fu‐An , Xie Jia‐Qing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that two Schiff base transition metal complexes bearing the side chain of the morpholine ring were synthesized and characterized, and two complexes with the same base agent but different metal ions were used as a simulant hydrolase in the catalytic hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl picolinate in this paper. The mechanism of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis is proposed and supported by the results of the spectral analysis and the kinetic calculation. A kinetic mathematical model, applied to the calculation of the kinetic and thermodynamics parameters of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis, has been established on the foundation of the mechanism proposed. The result of the study shows that the two complexes have a good catalytic activity in PNPP catalytic hydrolysis, and the rate of the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis was increased with the increase of the pH values in the buffer solution and affected by the polarization effect of metal ion of the complexes.
Some Interface Electrochemical Properties of Kaolinite
Authors: Jiao Yan‐Ni , Hou Wan‐Guo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe interface electrochemical properties of clay were theoretically analyzed to obtain some relationships among point of zero net charge (PZNC), point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC), intrinsic surface reaction equilibrium constants (K in 1‐pK model, Kinta1 and Kinta2 in 2‐pK model, *KintNa and *Kint in inert electrolyte chemical binding model) and structural negative charge density (σst) of clay, and some interface electrochemical parameters of kaolinite were measured. The following main conclusions were obtained. For clay possessing structural negative charges, the PZNC independent of electrolyte concentration (c) should exist just as amphoteric solid without structural charges such as oxides or hydroxides. A common intersection point (CIP) should appear among the potentiometric (or acid‐base) titration curves at different c and the pH at the CIP should be pHPZNC. A CIP among potentiometric titration curves at different c for kaolinite was observed, and the value of pHPZNC of kaolinite was 2.16. The values of pHPZNPC were decreased with increasing c, which arises from the presence of structural negative charges of kaolinite. In addition, it was observed that a good linear relationship existed between pHPZNPC and lg c. According to the values of pHPZNC and σst measured, the intrinsic surface reaction equilibrium constants, pK and pKinta1 and pKinta2 of 1‐pK and 2‐pK models could be directly calculated for clay, and the values of pK, pKinta1 and pKinta2 for kaolinite were 2.93, 1.90 and 3.97, respectively. These experimental values of pKinta1 and pKinta2 for kaolinite are obviously lower than those optimized with fitting programs in literatures, which maybe arises from the introduction of a type of permanent negatively charged sites in the models of literatures. An interesting result obtained in this study is that the inert electrolyte chemical binding does not exist for kaolinite, which also arises from the presence of structural negative charges.
Study on Cyclometalated Palladium‐azo Complexes as Colorimetric Probes for Hazardous Gas in Water
Authors: Yu Chun‐Wei , Li Shun‐Hua , Zheng Hong , Xu Jin‐Gou 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA synthesized cyclometalated palladium‐azo complex was explored as a multifunctional probe for visual detection of SO2, H2S and NH3 in water. In acidic aqueous environment, the sensing solution underwent a sharp color change from poor violet to deep blue when titrated with Na2SO3 standard solution. But the color changed from poor violet to bright yellow when titrated with Na2S standard solution. In basic environment, the sensing solution rapidly changed to magenta when titrated by NH4Cl‐NH3 standard buffer solution at high concentration. However, the color of sensing solution changed to blue when titrated by NH4Cl‐NH3 standard buffer solution at low concentration although the pH was kept constant during the titration. Different species of these hazardous gases at environmentally relevant concentration levels were differentiated by independent optical signal outputs, and the interference from other inorganic ions commonly existing in water was very small.
Dehydration Kinetics of Zinc Phosphate Tetrahydrate α‐Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O Nanoparticle
Authors: Yuan Ai‐Qun , Wu Jian , Huang Zai‐Yin , Zhou Ze‐Guang , Wen Yan‐Xuan , Tong Zhang‐Fa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTG‐DTG technique and Harcourt‐Esson integrated equation were used to study the dehydration process of zinc phosphate tetrahydrate α‐Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O nanoparticle and its thermal decomposition kinetics. The results show that there are three stages of dehydration between 300 and 800 K during the thermal decomposition of α‐Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O nanoparticle. The first stage is controlled by chemical reaction with an activation energy of 69.48 kJ·mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 1.77×106 s−1. The second is controlled by nucleation and growth with an activation energy of 78.74 kJ·mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 5.86×109 s−1. The third is controlled by nucleation and growth with an activation energy of 141.5 kJ·mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 1.01×1012 s−1. The kinetic compensative effects not only exist in Arrhenius equation but also in Harcourt‐Esson equation. Activation energy E is dependent on both the decomposition fraction α and temperature T.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Poly(oxyethylene)‐Substituted Phthalocyaninato Oxotitanium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Atilla Devrim , Durmuş Mahmut , Yılmaz Özgür , Gürek Ayşe Gül , Ahsen Vefa , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of tetra‐ and chlorotetrapoly(oxyethylene)‐substituted oxotitanium(IV) phthalocyanines are reported for the first time. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. These complexes showed monomeric behaviour in solution. General trends are described for photodegredation, singlet oxygen, triplet state and fluorescence quantum yields, and triplet and fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanine complexes are very useful for PDT applications. The complexes showed high triplet quantum yields and triplet lifetimes in DMSO. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ), which give an indication of the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications where singlet oxygen is required (Type II mechanism), were 0.72 and 0.78 for 3a and 5a, respectively. Thus, these complexes show potential as Type II photosensitizers. These complexes were also quenched by benzoquinone for fluorescence quenching studies.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Neodymium(III)‐Mediated Reformatsky‐Type Reactions of α‐Halo Ketones with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Kirsch Stefan F. , Liébert Clémence 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a neodymium(III) iodide induced process, α‐bromo ketones 1 and aldehydes 2 are effectively converted into aldol products 3. This Reformatsky‐type reaction proceeds through the formation of a neodymium enolate at room temperature in CH2Cl2. The analogous reaction in the presence of NdBr3/NaI at 50 °C in THF favors the formation of corresponding aldol–Tishchenko products 5 in good yields. Studies to define the scope and limitations of these reactions mediated by neodymium(III) salts are also described.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Rapid Organocatalytic Aldehyde‐Aldehyde Condensation Reactions
Authors: Erkkilä Anniina , Pihko Petri M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report the results of the systematic optimization of the α‐methylenation of aldehydes with aqueous formaldehyde. A simple combination of a secondary amine catalyst and a weak acid co‐catalyst has been identified, allowing access to α‐substituted acroleins in a matter of minutes. In the absence of formaldehyde, the catalytic system promoted the self‐condensation reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. Both of these reactions exhibited linear relationships between co‐catalyst acidities and reaction rates. A second‐order dependence of catalyst concentration was observed, pointing to the involvement of two molecules of the ammonium catalyst in the rate‐determining step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)