bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formaldehyde Vapour Effects in Chicken Embryo
Authors: Magras I. N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA total of 763 fertile chicken eggs were divided in two groups. The eggs of the first group were manipulated intact. The shell of each egg of the second group was drilled at the air chamber position. The eggs of both groups were divided in 6 subgroups and they were placed in an automatic incubator. Between the second and the fourth day of incubation each subgroup of eggs was moved to another incubator saturated with formaldehyde vapour, and it was exposed for a certain time. The hatched chicks were examined, measured, and processed, in order to search for any external, visceral, and skeletal malformation. Although the chicks of the first group did not show any particular abnormalities after their exposure to formaldehyde vapours, those of the second group were found to be affected in a rate of about 29:100. The observed embryotoxic effects of the hatched chicks of the second group were mainly early and late prenatal deaths, extensive and limited congenital anomalies as well as reduction deformities.
Estudio Ontogenico Comparativo de la Lamina epitelial de los Compartimentos Gastricos no Glandulares en Ovinos Merinos
Authors: Regodon S. , Franco A. , Masot A. J. , Redondo Y E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA total of 74 embryos and fetuses were used in a comparative analysis of the epithelium of the non‐glandular stomach compartments of merino sheep during development. The mechanical protection showed by the tegumentary epithelium in the superficial layers of the rumen, reticulum and omasum is supported by a buffer system of neutral mucopolysaccharides secreted by the deeper strata. Neutral mucopolysaccharides first appeared in epithelial cells at 46 days of fetal life. Acid mucopolysaccharides, mucins, and mucoid compounds were not detected. Growth curves and formulas were constructed for the epithelial layers.
Ultrastructure of Pre‐ and Postcolostral Enterocytes of the Newborn Calf
Authors: Kaup F.‐J. , Drommer W. , Jochims K. , Pickel M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTen calves were used to elucidate the ultrastructure of enterocytes before and 24 h after colostral intake. Tissue samples were obtained from duodenum, jejunum (5 locations) and ileum. Protein A‐gold technique was applied to immuno‐electron‐microscopically demonstrate colostral IgA. The prominent feature of the precolostral enterocytes are intra‐cytoplasmic vacuoles. The frequency of vacuoles increases from cranial jejunum to ileum and from the villi bases to the tips. The appearance of absorptive vacuoles after colostral administration correlates with the incidence of precolostral empty vacuoles. Bovine IgA was detected in absorptive vacuoles and within the intestinal lumen of postcolostral calves. In addition to a diffuse IgA labelling of most vacuoles, a few corresponding enterocytic vacuoles labelled inhomogenously or negatively. This study demonstrates morphologically that the main site of colostral absorption is the middle‐to‐caudal region of the small intestine. Immunoelectron microscopy of IgA labelling provides indications of a selective IgA absorption in addition to pinocytosis.
Basket and Basal‐duct Cells in Domestic Animals: Different Cytokeratin Expression and Shape
Authors: Zedda M. , Farina V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCytokeratins (CKs) are a multigenic family of proteins constituting intermediate filaments in epithelia, indicated in humans by the numbers 1–20. Different cell‐types can be immunocytochemically identified on the grounds of their CK expression. This investigation was designed to study CK expression of basket cells (BCs) and basal‐duct cells (BDCs) in some domestic animals.Frozen sections of mammary and major salivary glands from cows, sheep, pigs and rabbits were treated using the immunofluorescent method, using as monoclonal antibodies clones CK‐E3, CKB1, KS‐1A3, and LDS‐68, respectively, revealing the human CKs 17, 14, 13, 7.BCs surrounding acini and BDCs were stained by CK 17 antibody only in the rabbit. CK 14 was detectable in both cell types in cows, sheep and pigs, except in the case of bovine salivary BCs. CK 13 was revealed in BCs and BDCs of all mammary glands and also rabbit salivary glands. In the salivary glands of the other species, only BDCs were stained. CK 7 gave unreliable results in all the species and cell types examined. Interestingly, in the rabbit, also BDCs are basket‐like in shape.The antibodies employed showed different staining depending on species and gland. On the grounds of immuno‐reactivity and shape. BCs and BDCs can be considered the same cell type in the rabbit. In the other species, they appear to be different, since BDCs may express additional CKs and are triangular‐shaped, whereas BCs are truly basket‐like.It is worth noting that clone KS‐1A3 in the rabbit and CKB1 in the sheep and pig can be considered markers of the basket/basal system.
Detection of Coagulating Gland Renin by Hybridohistochemistry
Authors: Kon Y. , Endoh D. , Fukamizu A. , Murakami K. , Yamashita T. , Watanabe T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTo obtain evidence of renin‐synthesizing cells in the murine coagulating gland (CG), CG renin mRNA was detected by hybridohistochemistry. as well as in vitro reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in intact, castrated and testosterone‐treated C57BL/6 mice. Hybridohistochemistry using paraffin sections of the kidneys and the CGs for the detection of renin mRNA was performed with digoxigenin‐labelled probes. Some paraffin sections were immunohisto‐chemically stained for renin by the peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase method. Total RNA was extracted, incubated by reverse transcriptase, and amplified by PCR. In the kidneys, the immunoreactivity and the positive signals of hybridohistochemistry using an antisense probe were restricted to the same juxtaglomerular cells. In the control and at 7 days after testosterone administration to castrated mice, both renin‐immunoreactivity and ‐hybridoreactivity were expressed by the epithelial cells in the CGs, while, in the CGs of the castrated mice and 3 days after testosterone injection of castrated animals, neither renin‐immunoreactivity nor ‐hybridoreactivity was detected in the epithelial cells. Using RT‐PCR, renin mRNA from the mice in the control and 7 days after testosterone injection of castrated was amplified, whereas, in the castrated and the 3 days after testosterone injection of castrated groups, it was not detected. The data presented here provide additional evidence that CG renin is regulated by testosterone.
Subpopulations of Stromal Cells from Long‐term Human Bone Marrow Cultures: Ontogeny of Progenitor Cells and Expression of Growth Hormone Receptors *
Authors: Lincoln D. T. , Sinowatz F. , Gabius S. , Gabius H. J. , Temmim L. , Baker H. , Mathew T. C. , Waters M. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLong‐term culture of bone marrow derived stromal colony forming cells (S‐CFC) in matrix and nutrient defined agar medium resulted in stromal cell colonies that pass sequentially through three distinct morphological stages: firstly, aggregated loose syncytium of round to ovoid cells (stage I), a second developmental stage of large branching colonies in which the cells become enlarged, elongated with cytoplasmic projections forming a loosely anastomized network with adjacent cells (stage II), and finally cells become dissociated, loosing their long, thin cytoplasmic filaments and breaking their contacts with one another, but remain large and retain a bi‐polar nature (stage III). Cells were also grown in liquid medium in a culture microenvironment closely resembling conditions of haemopoiesis in vitro. Using a panel of well defined monoclonal antibodies reactive against the rat, rabbit and human growth hormone receptors, this study found immunochemical evidence of the presence and localization of binding sites of growth hormone (GH) in the cell membrane and extra‐nuclear Golgi area of long‐term bone marrow derived human stromal cells in liquid and semi‐solid nutrient agar mediums. GH‐receptor immunoreactivity was present in small proliferating progenitor cells, myofibroblast‐like cells, large reticular fibroblast cells, adipocytes and endothelial cells. Only MAb known to be reactive against human tissue resulted in strong immunoreactivity. The expression of GH‐receptors not only on small proliferating, but also on the well differentiated cells, indicates a role for growth hormone on non‐progenitor cells. GH‐receptor immunoreactivity on differentiating and/or differentiated cells suggests that GH is also necessary for, or has a trophic function in differentiation. We propose that direct GH action is necessary not only for differentiation of progenitor cells as implied by the dual effector hypothesis, but also their subsequent clonal expansion, differentiation and maintenance.
Presence of Cerium‐cytochemical Reactions of Glomerular Phosphatases of Normal Gerbil Meriones crassus: An Ultrastructural Localization Study
Authors: Safer A.‐M. , Abou‐Salem K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPhosphatase cytochemical activity in the normal glomerulus of the desert gerbil Meriones crassus was demonstrated using cerium ions as capturing agents. Three major enzymes have been recognized: sodium‐potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+‐K+‐ATPase), alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and acid phosphatase (ACPase). However, cytochemical staining for these markers to map their localizations and distributions reveal a high positivity of Na+‐K+‐ATPase. This appeared as uniform dense precipitates surrounding the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the plasma membranes of the epithelial and endothelial cells of the glomerular layers. Negligible ALKase reaction product being over the glomerular epithelia including the GBM. In contrast, the cytochemical profiles of ACPase was unusual, with dense reaction products extensively covering the endoplasmic reticulum at the region of Golgi apparatus products lysosomes (GERL) complex, including its cisternal and tubular elements and the lysosomal‐vacuolar apparatus of the glomerular epithelial cells. All other subcellular organelles showed no activity.For Na+‐K+‐ATPase, the reaction product was successive when acetate buffer (as decalcifying agent, pH 5.0) was used. This reaction was still seen when a medium containing levamisole was used. Cytochemical controls for all enzymes were incubated in substrate‐free media including those using levamisole as an inhibitor of ALPase.The data presented, which is reported for the first time, is not an attempt to determine the contribution of the selected phosphatases in the glomerular physiology and pathology. Such findings may, nevertheless, have functional implications in the fact that these markers may be involved in the ultrafiltration and other metabolic activities of the glomerulus at the molecular and/or cellular level. In addition to earlier morphological and recent histochemical work, the present study updates and reorganizes information to be used as a baseline to which the gerbil model can now be employed to investigate the behavioural adaptations of the desert rodents.
Zur Entwicklung der Gelenkhöhle des Hufgelenks an der Beckengliedmasse beim Fetus und Fohlen im Vergleich zum adulten Pferd
Authors: Breit S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTen horses, younger than 1 year, were used to investigate the articulatio interphalangea distalis of the pelvic limb. The expansion of the dorsal recess was compared to those of adult horses. The recessus dorsalis always formed a shape like the letter ‘m’ or like a triangle with oblique angles. Consequently the great proximo‐distal expansion on the medial side of the dorsal recess very probably has nothing to do with the age of horses.
Ultrastructure of Rat Purkinje Neurons after Chronic Ethanol Consumption and Prolonged Abstinence 1
Authors: Wenisch S. , Hild A. , Bitsch I. , Leiser R. , Hummel G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn the present study of nutrition control of Wistar white rats, the ultrastructure of cerebellar Purkinje cells was studied after chronic ethanol exposure and a subsequent period of prolonged abstinence: a qualitative investigation of the perikarya of Purkinje cells was performed in age‐matched controls (group A) and rats alcohol‐fed for 5 months and withdrawn from this diet for 3 months (group B). The results showed massive accumulation of small dense bodies as well as obvious deposition of lipofuscin in the Purkinje cells of group B. Furthermore, ring‐shaped Golgi apparatus units, lamellar bodies and degenerative foci dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of the alcohol‐treated animals referred to degeneration processes and neuronal cell death, the morphological characteristics and the aetiology of which are discussed.
Entwicklung, Zytoarchitektonik und Feinstruktur des mesencephalen Trigeminuskerns bei Hauswiederkäuern *
Authors: Hummel G. , Hild A. , Wenisch S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDevelopment, cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in domestic ruminants The ontogenetic development and cell differentiation of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Ntm) is lightmicroscopically examined in 58 bovine embryos and fetuses ranging from 2.4 to 80 cm Crown‐Rump‐Length (CRL). The cytoarchitecture and fine structure in adult cattle, sheep, and goats are investigated with the aid of light‐ and electronmicroscopy.At 2.4 cm CRL, the proneurons of the Ntm are detectable for the first time within the ventricular zone of the alar plate, possessing one drop‐like cytoplasmic protrusion, whereas at 5 cm CRL, two cell types with differing sizes appear. Up to a CRL of 11.5cm, the nucleus shows advanced maturation processes and has reached his final position at the border of the mesencephalic central grey. From 26 cm CRL onward, three cell types, and at 34 cm CRL four cell types, are discernible based on their nissl‐granule arrangement. The cytomorphological differentiation and the maturation of the cells proceeds until 56 cm CRL, at which point the topographical and cytological characteristics of the Ntm are comparable with those of adult animals.In adult cattle, sheep and goats the Ntm consists of large (40–60 μm) and scarce medium‐sized (30–40μm) neurons with round and oval shapes. Scarcer small (20–25 μm) round and medium‐sized multipolar neurons occur. The Nissl bodies are scattered throughout the pericaryon of the large neurons in a dust‐like pattern and in the medium‐sized neurons in a grained form. Within the cytoplasmic streets, which are situated between the membranes of the rough ER, numerous neurofilaments and mitochondria are detectable. Large Golgi complexes are placed in a perinuclear position. The neurons are also characterized by some somatic spines, and by a moderate distribution of axosomatic synapses, in which axon‐endings with flattened synaptic vesicles predominate.
Light and Electron Microscopic Examination of Various Doses of Given Vitamin A on the Development of Cornea in Mice; Partly presented in ICEM 13‐Paris
Authors: Erdoǧan D. , Karabay G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryVitamin A (0.2 μgr, 0.6 μgr, 1.2 μgr) was administered orally to the mice on days 8–11 of gestation. Fetuses were removed on day 17 of gestation. No external malformation of the fetuses was seen on the stereomicroscope investigation. Corneal degeneration was seen on the light and electron microscopic examination. As a result it was accepted that vitamin A taken during the critical periods of gestation affected the development of cornea.
Intraepitheliale Nervenendigungen in den Zungenrandpapillen neugeborener Ferkel
Authors: Sommer U. , Schlechta C. , Kressin M. , Schnorr B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe structure and occurrence of nerve fibres and nerve terminals in the lingual marginal papillae of newborn piglets are investigated by means of the osmium‐zinc‐iodate method and by transmission‐electron microscopy. Subepithelial nerve fibres primarily accompany the blood vessels. They cross the epithelium with an almost vertical course to terminate in the stratum superficiale or the stratum corneum. Due to rows of varicosities, the axons look like a ‘string of pearls’. As a result of the superficial localization and the typical ultrastructure, they seem to have a sensory function. Therefore, the papillae marginales are considered to function as mechanoreceptors.
Estudio Anatómico Comparado de las Arterias de la Base del Encéfalo del Pudú pudu (Molina, 1782) y del Bovino
Authors: Schweitzer‐Delaunoy W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA comparison using the corrosion method was made betweenPudú pudu(Molina, 1782) ventral brain arteries and those of the cow.ThePudú's Rete mirabile epidurale rostrale (Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, 1994) is ventrally formed by branches of the A. maxillaris, and caudally formed by the A. vertebralis.The Hypophysis is surrounded by the Rete mirabile rostrale. The lateral parts are rostrally joined to that gland by a thin vascular bridge and caudally by thick arteries.ThePudú's Circulus arteriosus cerebri is asymmetrical, that is, on the right side the A. cerebri rostralis ends in the A. cerebri media. The left‐side A. cerebri rostralis irrigates every rostral portion of the encephalon.In the cow, practically the same arteries come out of the Circulus arteriosus cerebri, which is not asymmetrical. The A. cerebri caudalis comes first out of the A. communicans caudalis and then the branches for the Pons, and finally the A. cerebelli rostralis. In this species, there are arterial blocks that are not present inPudú.
Correlación Anatomo‐radiológica de la Cabeza en la Cabra de Raza Canaria (Capra hircus L.)
Authors: Arencibia A. , Vázquez J. M. , Ramirez‐Gonzalez J. A. , Moreno F. , Gil F. , Latorre R. , Ramirez‐Zarzosa G. , Sandoval J. A. , Sosa‐Perez Y C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA radiologic and tomographic study was made of the cranioencephalic topography of canary goats of medium weight and size.In a first step, the exocranialis references corresponding to an axis designed at the level of the meatus acusticus externus and parallel to the basicranial axis were anatomically and radiologically defined. Conventional stereotaxic techniques were then used to reach the standard position of the head in order to obtain macroscopical cross sections at different levels perpendicular to the base of the cranium.In a second step, a tomographic study was made to confirm the design of the axis.
Vimentin‐and Desmin‐Positive Cells in the Moulting Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) Skin
Authors: Bavdek S. V. , Golob Z. , Dijk J. Van , Dorrestein G. M. , Fazarinc G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution of vimentin‐ and desmin‐positive cells in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) dermis was investigated by means of immunohistochemical reactivity with the commercially available (Euro‐Diagnostics) polyclonal antibodies. The staining pattern for vimentin in the paraffin sections was generally comparable to that in other animal species with regard to endothelial cells, vascular wall cells, muscle cells and fibroblasts. The modified Schwann cells in the inner core of the Herbst corpuscles reacted distinctly with anti‐vimentin and anti‐desmin. Some connective tissue cells in the superficial dermal layer, in the feather papilla and along the pulp core inside of the regenerating feathers were particularly well stained with anti‐vimentin. Fibroblast‐like cells of the regenerating feathers, particularly at the base of the pulp, also reacted strongly with anti‐desmin. The findings were discussed with regard to references.
The Developmental Relation among Mesonephros, Gonad and External Genitalia in the Fetus of Goat (Copra prisca)
Authors: Magras I. N. , Alifakiotis T. , Pampoukidou A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe mesonephros, the gonad, the external genitalia and the developmental relationships between them were examined on 21 goat fetuses, 29 to 92 days old. Three fetuses were not sexually differentiated, however 11 were males and 7 females. The development of the gonad could be divided in a not differentiated stage and a gonadal and external genitalia differentiation stage. A close relationship between the fetal gonad and the mesonephros was found during the stage of differentiation. The epicenter of this relation is the giant mesonephric nephron, a peculiar structure of mesonephros, from which epithelial cells presumably migrate into the gonad.
Consideraciones Anatomofuncionales de una Aponeurosis Radiocarpiana Caudal en Tigre, Leon y Gato Domestico (Panthera tigris, Panthera leo y Felis catus)
Authors: Graziotti G. H. , Victorica C. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study describes a strong aponeurosis on the caudal surface of the antebrachium, between the Mm. Flexoris and the M. pronator quadratus. This aponeurosis has not been experimentally validated.By dissection and macroscopic examination of formaldehyde‐prepared material, and experimental surgical tran‐section of the structure in F. catus, the aponeurosis is described and its functional capacity is determined.The origin of the aponeurosis is the Facies caudalis, Margo medialis of the Radius and distal Ulna and inserts on the Crista transversa of the Radius and the Ligg. radiocarpeum palmare and ulno‐carpeum palmare, and a strong Pars radialis. Its disposition is similar to that of the supernumerary M. anterior radialis brevis in humans.Surgical transection of the aponeurosis in F. catus resulted in hyperextension of the Manus and a decrease in the Carpus in its weight‐bearing ability. These findings indicate the anatomico‐functional importance of the aponeurosis in providing support to the claws.
Study on the Developmental Changes in Angulation of Spinal Nerves, the Length of the Dorsal Roots and Spinal Nerves in Sheep
Authors: Ghazi S. R. , Gholami S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study reports the angulation of spinal nerves, the length of dorsal roots, the length of spinal nerves and the transverse and vertical diameters of the spinal cord during pre‐ and postnatal life in sheep of the Mehraban breed in Iran. The spinal cord of these animals was divided into 4 regions with respect to the angulation of spinal nerves. The first region was from the first to fifth cervical and the second was from the sixth cervical to the eighth thoracic in fetuses and from the six cervical to fourth thoracic in adults. The third region was from the ninth thoracic to second lumbar in fetuses and from the fifth thoracic to second lumbar in adults, and the fourth region was from third lumbar to fourth sacral in the animals of all age groups. The length of dorsal roots from their point of emergence from the spinal cord to the dorsal root ganglia showed a direct correlation with the length of the spinal nerves. While angulation of the spinal nerves showed a converse correlation with the length of either spinal nerves or dorsal roots. The transverse diameters of the spinal cord were always longer than the vertical diameters. The greatest diameters (vertical — 7.00 mm; transverse — 10.00 mm) are recorded at C1, T1 and L6 in adult sheep.