bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte‐specific expression of a soluble form of the murine complement control protein Crry confers demyelination protection in the cuprizone model
Authors: Briggs Dustin T. , Martin Carol B. , Ingersoll Sarah A. , Barnum Scott R. , Martin Brian K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractComplement has been implicated as a potential effector mechanism in neurodegeneration; yet the precise role of complement in this process remains elusive. In this report, we have utilized the cuprizone model of demyelination‐remyelination to examine the contribution of complement to disease. C1q deposition was observed in the corpus callosum of C57BL/6 mice during demyelination, suggesting complement activation by apoptotic oligodendrocyte debris. Simultaneously, these mice lost expression of the rodent complement regulatory protein, Crry. A soluble CNS‐specific form of the Crry protein (sCrry) expressed in a transgenic mouse under the control of an astrocyte‐specific promoter was induced in the corpus callosum during cuprizone treatment. Expression of this protein completely protected the mice from demyelination. Interestingly, sCrry mice had low levels of demyelination at later times when control mice were remyelinating. Although the sCrry transgenic mice had lower levels of demyelination, there was no decrease in overall cellularity, however there were decreased numbers of microglia in the sCrry mice relative to controls. Strikingly, sCrry mice had early recovery of mature oligodendrocytes, although they later disappeared. TUNEL staining suggested that production of the sCrry protein in the transgenic mice protected from a late apoptosis event at 3 weeks of cuprizone treatment. Our data suggest complement provides some protection of mature oligodendrocytes during cuprizone treatment but may be critical for subsequent remyelination events. These data suggest that temporal restriction of complement inhibition may be required in some disease settings. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Translocator protein (18 kDa) is involved in the regulation of reactive gliosis
Authors: Veiga Sergio , Carrero Paloma , Pernia Olga , Azcoitia Iñigo , Garcia‐Segura Luis Miguel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTranslocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO), previously known as peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptor, is a critical component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Brain inflammation results in the induction of the expression of TSPO in glial cells and some TSPO ligands decrease reactive gliosis after brain injury. However, since some TSPO ligands are neuroprotective, their effects on reactive gliosis may be the consequence of a reduced neurodegeneration. To assess whether TSPO ligands can modulate reactive gliosis in absence of neuronal death, we have tested their effects on the inflammatory response induced in the hippocampus of male rats by the intracerebroventricular infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment did not induce neuronal death, assessed by Fluoro jade‐B staining, but increased the number of cells immunoreactive for vimentin and MHC‐II, used as markers of reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia, respectively. Furthermore, LPS produced an increase in the number of proliferating microglia. The TSPO ligand PK11195 reduced the number of MHC‐II immunoreactive cells and the proliferation of microglia in LPS treated rats. In contrast, another TSPO ligand, Ro5‐4864, did not significantly affect the response of microglia to LPS. Neither PK11195 nor Ro5‐4864 affected the LPS‐mediated increase in the number of vimentin‐immunoreactive astrocytes at the time point studied, although PK11195 reduced vimentin immunoreactivity. These findings identify TSPO as a potential target for controlling neural inflammation, showing that the TSPO ligand PK11195 may reduce microglia activation by a mechanism that is independent of the regulation of neuronal survival. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Past and recent deliberate self‐harm: Emotion and coping strategy differences
Authors: Brown Seth A. , Williams Kelly , Collins Amanda 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOnly limited information on nonsuicidal deliberate self‐harm behavior among nonclinical populations is available, and it is unclear whether coping and emotional difficulties remain among those with a past history of self‐harm behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine emotions and coping strategies among three nonclinical groups with a recent, past, and no history of nonsuicidal deliberate self‐harm behavior. College students completed self‐report measures of self‐harm behavior, suicidal thoughts, emotional dispositions, and coping strategies. Contrary to expectations, there were few differences in coping strategies among the three groups ( p > .0033). Those with a recent history (n = 23; in the last 12 months) and past history (n = 32; more than 12 months ago) of self‐harm behavior reported greater levels of negative emotion (e.g., hostility, guilt, sadness) than those who have never self‐harmed (n = 161; p < .0045). This indicates that although self‐harm behavior had discontinued (>12 months ago), negative emotion differences were present, and both recent and past self‐harmers merit concern in managing their negative emotions to lower their risk for future difficulties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 791–803, 2007.
Florida obsessive‐compulsive inventory: Development, reliability, and validity
Authors: Storch Eric A. , Bagner Daniel , Merlo Lisa J. , Shapira Nathan Andrew , Geffken Gary R. , Murphy Tanya K. , Goodman Wayne K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Florida Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory (FOCI) is a new self‐report questionnaire that has separate scales for symptom enumeration (The Checklist) and evaluation of symptom severity (Severity Scale). The present research investigated the FOCI in a sample of 113 patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). The results indicated that the FOCI Severity Scale is internally consistent (α = .89) and highly correlated with the total score from the Yale–Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS; Goodman et al., 1989a). The correlations of the FOCI Severity Scale with measures of depression and global severity of psychopathology were similar to those obtained with the Y‐BOCS Total Severity Score. The FOCI Symptom Checklist had adequate reliability (K‐R 20 = .83) and moderate correlations (rs < .45) with the FOCI Severity Scale, the Y‐BOCS scales, and measures of depression and severity of psychopathology. These findings imply concurrent validity for the FOCI Severity Scale. A strength of the FOCI is that it offers a quick evaluation of both presence and severity of OCD symptoms. An important limitation is that the FOCI does not assess the severity of individual symptoms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 851–859, 2007.
Multidimensional patterns of change in outpatient psychotherapy: The phase model revisited
Authors: Stulz Niklaus , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this study, groups of psychotherapy outpatients were identified on the basis of shared change patterns in the three dimensions of the phase model of psychotherapeutic outcome: well‐being, symptom distress, and life functioning. Treatment courses provided by a national provider network of a managed care company in the United States (N = 1128) were analyzed using growth mixture models. Several initial patient characteristics (treatment expectations, amount of prior psychotherapy, and global assessment of functioning) allowed for the discrimination between three patient groups of shared change patterns. Those patterns can be classified into three groups as phase model consistent, partial rapid responders, or symptomatically highly impaired patients with each having typical change patterns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 817–833, 2007.
Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review
Authors: Chawla Neharika , Ostafin Brian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe construct of experiential avoidance has become more frequently used by clinical researchers. Experiential avoidance involves the unwillingness to remain in contact with private experiences such as painful thoughts and emotions and is often proposed to be critical to the development and maintenance of psychopathology. This review summarizes the empirical studies on experiential avoidance as a factor in the etiology of maladaptive behavior and its relationship to specific diagnostic categories. Although some of the current literature suggests that experiential avoidance may be implicated in various forms of psychopathology, a fundamental limitation of this research is the lack of theoretical integration and refinement with regard to operationalizing and assessing experiential avoidance. Future studies should attempt to understand the core processes involved in experiential avoidance better, and then clearly operationalize the construct and determine its incremental validity relative to other constructs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 871–890, 2007.
Promoting resiliency in children of mothers with co‐occurring disorders and histories of trauma: Impact of a skills‐based intervention program on child outcomes
Authors: Noether Chanson D. , Brown Vivian , Finkelstein Norma , Russell Lisa A. , VanDeMark Nancy R. , Morris Laura S. , Graeber Carla 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUsing a quasi‐experimental design, this study examined the effectiveness of a standardized intervention model designed to build resiliency in children of women with co‐occurring mental health and substance use disorders and histories of interpersonal abuse. The children and mothers who participated in this study were a subset of the sample used for the Women, Co‐occurring Disorders and Violence Study (WCDVS). The children's intervention model consisted of three components: clinical assessment, service coordination and advocacy, and a psychoeducational skills‐building group. Children in the comparison group received individual, group, and family services. Six‐month and 12‐month outcomes were examined among 253 children. Children in the intervention group improved significantly more than children in the comparison group. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 823–843, 2007.
Effects of trauma intervention on HIV sexual risk behaviors among women with co‐occurring disorders in substance abuse treatment
Authors: Amaro Hortensia , Larson Mary Jo , Zhang Annie , Acevedo Andrea , Dai Jianyu , Matsumoto Atsushi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWomen in substance abuse treatment often have co‐occurring mental health disorders and a history of trauma; they are also at high risk for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases via unprotected sex. A quasi‐experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of trauma‐enhanced substance abuse treatment combined with HIV/AIDS prevention (N = 122) on reducing sexual risk behaviors compared to treatment with services‐as‐usual (N = 110). Participants in the services‐as‐usual condition were 2.8 times more likely to engage in unprotected sex at the 6‐month follow‐up and 4.5 times more likely to do so at the 12‐month follow‐up than those in the intervention program. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 895–908, 2007.
The impact of violence and abuse on women's physical health: Can trauma‐informed treatment make a difference?
Authors: Weissbecker Inka , Clark Colleen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA history of traumatic experiences has been associated with poor physical health. This study examined associations between trauma and physical health, as well as changes in physical health over time, in women with co‐occurring disorders and histories of violence who received either integrated trauma‐informed services or usual care. Results revealed that women who had experienced more severe trauma also suffered worse physical health and were more likely to engage in poor health behaviors. Receiving behavioral health care services was associated with improved physical health and health behaviors. Predictors of physical health improvements included reduced interpersonal abuse, reduced severity of posttraumatic symptoms, improved health behaviors, and adequate access to medical care. Implications for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are discussed.
Air bells of water spiders are an extended phenotype modified in response to gas composition
Authors: Schütz Dolores , Taborsky Michael , Drapela Thomas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe water spider Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck) is the only spider that spends its whole life under water. Water spiders keep an air bubble around their body for breathing and build under‐water air bells, which they use for shelter and raising offspring, digesting and consuming prey, moulting, depositing eggs and sperm, and copulating. It is unclear whether these bells are an important oxygen reservoir for breathing under water, or whether they serve mainly to create water‐free space for feeding and reproduction. In this study, we manipulated the composition of the gas inside the bell of female water spiders to test whether they monitor the quality of this gas, and replenish oxygen if required. We exchanged the entire gas in the bell either with pure O2, pure CO2, or with ambient air as control, and monitored behavioural responses. The test spiders surfaced and replenished air more often in the CO2 treatment than in the O2 treatment, and they increased bell building behaviour. In addition to active oxygen regulation, they monitored and adjusted the bells by adding silk. These results show that water spiders use the air bell as an oxygen reservoir, and that it functions as an external lung, which renders it essential for living under water permanently. A. aquatica is the only animal that collects, transports, and stores air, and monitors its property for breathing, which is an adaptive response of a terrestrial animal to the colonization of an aquatic habitat. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:549–555, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting of the glucocorticoid hormone receptor with plasmid DNA comprising glucocorticoid response elements improves nonviral gene transfer efficiency in the lungs of mice
Authors: Dames Petra , Laner Andreas , Maucksch Christof , Aneja Manish Kumar , Rudolph Carsten 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundIt has been previously demonstrated that plasmid DNA transport into the nucleus could be increased by transcription factor binding. We chose the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) which binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor which is shuttled into the nucleus upon ligand binding such as dexamethasone.MethodsWe cloned two, four, and eight repetitive sequences of the GRE into the reporter plasmid pEGFPLuc. Binding of the pEGFPLuc‐GRE to the GR was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments. GR expression in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells was confirmed by Western blotting. Intracellular trafficking of GR was examined using a fusion protein of cyano‐fluorescent protein (CFP) and GR. Transfection efficiencies of pEGFPLuc compared to pEGFPLucGRE2–8 were examined in vitro and in vivo upon tail vein injection of cationic liposome gene vectors containing dexamethasone (safeplexes) and aerosol application of polyethylenimine (PEI)‐pDNA particles.ResultsBinding of GRE containing plasmids to the GR was shown in EMSA experiments and intranuclear shuttling of CFP‐GR after ligand stimulation was confirmed. Enhanced gene transfer efficiency of pEGFPLucGRE2 in vitro was only observed on confluent cells. A 2.5‐fold increase in gene expression in the lungs of mice after tail vein injection of pEGFPLucGRE2 complexed with safeplexes compared with pEGFPLuc was observed. PEI‐mediated aerosol gene delivery of pEGFPLucGRE2 was 4.7‐fold higher than pEGFPLuc only after intraperitoneal dexamethasone.ConclusionThe results suggest that inclusion of GRE sequences into plasmid DNA vectors combined with dexamethasone application could improve transgene expression in the lungs in vivo. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pyrazolylamine‐phosphonate monoester chelator for the fac‐[M(CO)3]+ core (M = Re, 99mTc): synthesis, coordination properties and biological assessment
Authors: Palma Elisa , Oliveira Bruno L. , Figueira Flávio , Correia João D. G. , Raposinho Paula D. , Santos Isabel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAiming to develop new strategies for the labeling of hydroxyl‐containing biomolecules with the organometallic core fac‐[99mTc(CO)3]+, we have prepared a new model bifunctional chelator, L4 (ethyl hydrogen (2‐{[2‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)phosphonate), combining a pyrazolyl‐amine chelating group and a monophosphonate ethyl ester function (–P(O)OHOEt). The phosphonate group allows metal stabilization, and, simultaneously, can be considered as a potential attachment site for a biomolecule. Reaction of L4 with the precursor [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ gave the model radiocomplex [99mTc(CO)3(k3‐L4)] (6a). This radiocomplex was identified by comparing its chromatographic profile with that of the corresponding Re analog (6) under the same conditions, also prepared and fully characterized by the usual analytical techniques. Radiocomplex 6a is moderately lipophilic (log Po/w = 1.07), presenting high stability in vitro without any measurable decomposition or ligand exchange, even in the presence of strong competing chelators such as histidine and cysteine (37°C, 24 h). Biodistribution studies of the complex in CD‐1 mice indicated a rapid blood clearance, and a rapid clearance from main organs, occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary pathway. Complex 6a presents also a high robustness in vivo, demonstrated by its resistance to metabolic degradation in blood, and intact excretion into the urine, after RP‐HPLC analysis of blood and urine samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiating emotional intelligence in leadership
Authors: Dijk Carina Fiedeldey‐Van , Freedman Joshua 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLeadership has received considerable attention since the 1990s. We claim that leaders can be found at all levels of employment, and at the very least, all managers are expected to be leaders. Yet managerial status does not guarantee leadership. Leadership is a necessary component of and a filter for successful management. Effective managers demonstrate leadership capabilities. Leadership attributes are well captured in measures of emotional intelligence (EQ). Hence, leadership can improve if managers work to develop their EQ. We show how EQ, and hence leadership, can vary by level of employment among a composite international group of 3,305 employees with the Six Seconds Emotional Intelligence Assessment. The relationship between six leadership groups, as based on their EQ performance, across different employment levels was statistically examined, suggesting that leadership is realized in different ways depending on level of employment. It appears that employees become more skillful in emotional literacy and consequential thinking as they progress up the employment ladder. Intrinsic motivation and optimism are best leveraged by nonmanagerial rather than senior employees. The diminishing incorporation of empathy with an increase in employment level seems to stand in sharp contrast. Nonmanagerial employees, specialists, and entrepreneurs will benefit from developing their competence in pursuing their objectives with an overarching sense of purpose. The finding that high‐EQ leaders seem to dominate in the managerial levels may be viewed as encouraging.
Combined otolith morphology and morphometry for assessing taxonomy and diversity in fossil and extant killifish (Aphanius, †Prolebias)
Authors: Reichenbacher Bettina , Sienknecht Ulrike , Küchenhoff Helmut , Fenske Nora 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSystematic assignment of fossil otoliths is virtually always based on studies of otolith morphology and subsequent comparisons with otoliths from collections and/or literature. Although this usually represents a practical method, comparisons and subsequent evaluation may be biased by subjective criteria used in the individual descriptions. Quantitative morphometric studies focusing on variations in the otolith morphology of extant fishes have been conducted in fisheries research, mostly based on Fourier shape analysis and related methods. However, with regard to fossil otoliths, these approaches are generally not suitable, mainly due to preservation‐related problems. Here we present a new approach for quantifying otolith variation between species and populations of killifish (cyprinodontiforms) in the genera Aphanius Nardo and †Prolebias Sauvage that can be used with both extant and fossil otoliths. Our new approach includes the definition of 10 variables from linear and angle measurements of an otolith and statistical analyses. Best results were obtained by presorting the otoliths into three groups based on sulcus shape (straight, bent, S‐shaped). In this case, canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) with jackknifed cross‐validation yielded an overall species classification success of 86–96%. The three groups based on sulcus shape separate according to zoogeographic patterns (i.e., Mediterranean Aphanius, Arabian Aphanius, European †Prolebias) and probably reflect phylogenetic lineages. Application of CDA to compare otolith variation between populations resulted in an overall classification success (jackknifed) of 33–83%. High levels of variation were observed for Aphanius dispar and †Prolebias malzi, but not for A. fasciatus and †P. weileri. We suggest that otolith variation between populations results predominantly from geographic separation. Combination of qualitative characters (sulcus morphology) with quantitative approaches (otolith morphometry) presents a new approach for obtaining a better understanding of the taxonomy, diversity, and zoogeography of both fossil and extant killifishes. Moreover, the method may also be suitable for assessing taxonomy and diversity in other species‐rich groups like the atheriniforms and many perciforms because these groups display otolith Bauplans that are similar to those seen in killifishes. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution model for Folch partition
Authors: Qian Jing , Poole Colin F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPartition coefficients for 86 varied compounds were determined for the chloroform–methanol–water (8:4:3 v/v) biphasic partition system and used to derive a model for the distribution of neutral compounds between the water‐rich and chloroform‐rich layers. The partition coefficients, log Kp, were correlated through the solvation parameter model giving log Kp = 1.336 – 0.014E + 0.413S + 1.583A + 1.344B – 1.378V with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.973, standard error of the estimate 0.151, and Fischer statistic 286. In the model the solute descriptors are excess molar refraction, E, dipolarity/polarizability, S, overall hydrogen‐bond acidity, A, overall hydrogen‐bond basicity, B, and McGowan's characteristic volume, V. The model is expected to be able to estimate further values of the partition coefficient to about 0.13 log units. The chloroform–methanol–water partition system is shown to have different selectivities to 44 common water–organic solvent and totally organic biphasic partition systems.