bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncogenicity of k‐region epoxides of benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Authors: Flesher James W. , Harvey Ronald G. , Sydnor Katherine L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats were given a subcutaneous injection of the parent hydrocarbon or its K‐region epoxide in 0.1 ml sesame oil on alternate days to a total of 30 doses and observed for sarcoma at the site of injection for 275 days. The parent compounds, benzo(a)pyrene (0.2 μmole/dose) and 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (0.2 μmole/dose), induced sarcoma in 100% of the animals with an average latent period of 101 and 95 days, respectively, whereas five of 12 rats (42%) injected with the K‐region epoxide of B(a)P (1.0 μmole/dose), developed sarcoma in 151±22 days, and the K‐region epoxide of DMBA (0.4 μmole/dose) failed to elicit tumors. Under these experimental conditions, these K‐region epoxides are, at best, only weak carcinogens.
Demonstration of tumor‐associated immunity with a leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay
Authors: Hellström Ingegerd , Hellström Karl Erik , Shantz Geraldine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay of Halliday was used to search for immune reactions against tumor‐associated antigens of mouse tumors as well as against embryonic antigens in such neoplasms. Soluble antigen extracts were prepared from transplanted (BALB/c) methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas and carcinomas, from normal BALB/c embryos taken at 14–18 days' gestation and from kidneys and livers of adult BALB/c mice. Peritoneal cells (PC) from mice immunized against syngeneic tumors gave leukocyte adherence inhibition more commonly when exposed to antigens prepared from the same tumor than did PC from normal (untreated) mice or from mice immunized against a different tumor. However, different tumor antigen preparations varied vastly in their ability to give specific adherence inhibition; some preparations consistently gave a high tumor‐specific inhibition, while others did not. This may explain why the degree of reactivity observed was low and its tumor specificity not absolute when data obtained with all different antigen extracts were pooled. PC from multiparous mice gave adherence inhibition when exposed to antigenic extracts from syngeneic mouse embryos or from tumors, as compared to PC from virgin mice exposed to the same extracts. Furthermore, PC from tumor‐immunized mice reacted more commonly against antigen extracts from mouse embryos than did peritoneal cells from normal untreated mice. Adherence inhibition was not observed when PC from tumor‐immunized or multiparous mice were exposed to antigen extracts from adult syngeneic livers or kidneys.
Specific anti‐fibroblast cytotoxicity of antibodies to fibroblast surface antigen
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki , Sjögren Hans O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn antiserum to SF antigen was shown to be selectively cytotoxic to two human fibroblast lines, while two tumor cell lines (one melanoma and one Hela cell line) were resistant. The selective cytotoxicity was also demonstrable in mixtures of fibroblasts and tumor cells. The cytotoxic effect was abrogated by admixture of human serum containing SFA.
Immunosuppression in burkitt's lymphoma. II. Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations related to clinical status
Authors: Magrath I. T. , Simon R. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, defined in terms of their E and EAC' rosetteforming capacity in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and controls. Total lymphocyte counts were reduced in patients compared to controls (p<0.005), and correlated with clinical stage and disease status. Presenting patients with Stage D tumours had the lowest levels, while patients in remission for at least 18 months had total lymphocyte counts simitar to those of controls. Absolute numbers of both E and EAC' rosette‐forming cells (RFC) were reduced, compared to controls, in tumour‐bearing patients (p < 0.0005 for both E and EAC' RFC) and also, to a lesser extent, in patients in remission (p < 0.025 and < 0.05 for E and EAC' RFC respectively). In the case of E RFC a significant reduction was present even when patients in remission for over 18 months were considered alone (p < 0.05). Non‐RFC were present in similar numbers in patients and controls, so that the reduction in total lymphocyte count can be accounted for entirely by the reduced numbers of RFC. As anticipated by this, percentages of RFC were also reduced in patients compared to controls, EAC' RFC to a lesser extent than E RFC. Non‐RFC percentages were correspondingly increased. Tumour‐bearing patients had significantly impaired PHA responses and cutaneous reactivity, which correlated significantly with very low levels of RFC. One possible explanation for these results is that immunoreactive lymphocytes are sequestered within the tumour. This is consistent with the immunosuppression observed in tumour‐bearing patients, and would also result in difficulty in detecting even a powerful tumour‐specific immune reaction by means of an assay dependent upon the participation of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Cancer incidence in alaska natives
Authors: Lanier Anne P. , Bender Thomas R. , Blot William J. , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Hurlburt Ward B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey of cancer incidence among Alaska Natives for the 5‐year period 1969–73 revealed fewer cancer cases overall than expected in relation to US rates, but significantly increased risk for certain cancer sites: the nasopharynx in both sexes (with excesses over 15‐fold), the liver in males, and the salivary glands, gallbladder, kidney and thyroid in females. Compared with earlier reports, the observations suggest marked changes in cancer incidence among Alaska Natives over the past two decades, with declines in esophageal and invasive cervical cancers, and increases in cancers of the lung, colon and rectum.
Fc receptor‐bearing cells as a reliable marker for quantitation of host lymphoreticular infiltration of progressively growing solid tumors
Authors: Kerbel R. S. , Pross H. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDisaggregated cell suspensions made from transplanted solid tumors, either chemically‐induced fibrosarcomas, or spontaneous mammary carcinomas, can contain very high numbers of Fc receptor‐bearing cells which are of host origin. Because most types of lymphoreticular cells have Fc receptors, and because T cells—most of which are Fc receptor‐negative—appear to infiltrate such tumors only to a very limited degree, the possibility that Fc receptor cells could serve as a reliable and simple marker for host lymphoreticular cell infiltration of solid tumors was tested. This was accomplished by comparing the ratios of Fc rosetting cells to serologically detectable host cells in H2d or H2k haplotype tumor cell suspensions grown in (H2d × H2k) F1 hybrid mice, where host cells could be distinguished from tumor cells by treatment with the appropriate anti‐H2 serum. Ratios of 0.8 to 1.08 were obtained for four different tumors including the SaD/2 fibrosarcoma, a CBA spontaneous fibrosarcoma, and the T1699 and CaD/2 mammary carcinomas. Analysis of the results showed that enumeration of Fc rosettes was a reliable host cell marker for at least three of the four tumors tested. The mean non‐malignant host cell content of the various tumors, as assessed by anti‐H2 cytotoxicity tests, ranged from 23% to 41%.
Neoplastic transformation of rat embryo cells with herpes simplex virus
Authors: Darai Gholamreza , Munk Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSprague Dawley rat embryo cells (REF) were transformed by inoculation with herpes simplex virus (HSV) and incubation at 42°C for 8 days. The infected cultures were subsequently returned to 37°C and two types of cell clone were isolated from foci of growing cells after 4 weeks. One of the clones consisted of epithelial‐like cells and did not produce HSV (TEF‐tep‐NP). The second consisted of spindle‐shaped cells and cultures of these cells persistently developed small areas of degeneration where production of infectious HSV (REF‐Tsp‐P) took place. An additional clone which did not produce any more HSV (REF‐Tsp‐NP) was isolated from REF‐Tsp‐P in the presence of HSV‐antiserum. REF‐Tsp‐P and REF‐Tsp‐NP grew more rapidly than REF and also formed foci in soft agar. REF‐Tep‐NP had a growth rate between that of normal rat embryo cells and that of both REF‐Tsp‐NP and REF‐Tsp‐P and did not form foci in soft agar. REF‐Tsp‐NP cells, in contrast to REF‐Tep‐NP cells, were resistant to superinfection with HSV types 1 and 2. REF‐Tsp‐P and REF‐Tsp‐P and REF‐Tsp‐NP produced metastasizing sarcomas in rats. After inoculation of 103 REF‐Tsp‐NP cells into 1‐day‐old rats tumours developed rapidly. REF‐Tep‐NP cells did not induce tumours in rats. The parental REF cells produced no tumours, even when 108 cells were inoculated into the rats. Positive immunofluorescence was observed in all three transformed cells only with the hyperimmune rabbit sera but not with human anti‐HSV reconvalescence immune sera.
Canine testicular tumors: Epidemiologic features of 410 dogs
Authors: Hayes Howard M. , Pendergrass Thomas W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistologically confirmed testicular tumors were diagnosed in 410 dogs from 12 North American veterinary university hospitals and clinics. Three tumor‐cell types, Sertoli cell tumor, interstitial cell tumor and seminoma, were about equally represented. Several breeds were identified with high risk for different testicular tumor‐cell types. Cytogenetic and immunogenetic studies of these dog families could offer leads applicable to familial testicular cancer in man. The multiplicity of breeds within the series suggests that, as in man, other factors, in addition to heredity, play a role in etiology. Cryptorchid dogs appear to have a 13.6 times higher risk of testicular tumor than normal dogs. Additionally, male dogs with an inguinal hernia have an increased risk (4.7) of testis tumors. There were no detectable excesses of other urogenital anomalies or urogenital tumors among the series. The Shetland Sheepdog is suggested as an appropriate model for research into the mechanisms responsible for testicular maldescent and tumorigenesis.
In vitro generation of primary and secondary cytotoxic cell‐mediated immune responses to chemically induced mouse sarcomas
Authors: Kall Mary Ann , Hellström Ingegerd , Hellström Karl Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMixtures of lymph node and spleen cells from normal (untreated) BALB/c mice and from BALB/c mice whose syngeneic tumors had been excised 7–28 days previously (“tumor‐excised mice”), were sensitized in vitro by cultivation for 9 days with cells from syngeneic, methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas. The in vitro‐ sensitized lymphoid cells were tested in a 36‐h microcytotoxicity assay for reactivity against target cells carrying the sensitizing tumor antigens, as well as against control target cells lacking these antigens. After co‐cultivation with tumor cells, lymphoid cells from both normal and tumor‐excised mice were cytotoxic to tumor cells carrying the sensitizing antigens. The cytotoxicity was generally specific, and occurred at low effector: target cell ratios (in some experiments down to 1:1). When lymphoid cells from tumor‐excised mice were exposed in vitro for 9 days to cells carrying the same antigens as those which were originally present on the surgically excised tumors, the effector cells obtained gave a dose‐dependent cytotoxic response suggestive of a linear relationship. When lymphoid cells from normal mice were similarly sensitized for 9 days, specifically cytotoxic lymphoid cells were generated but no linear dose‐dependent response was detected.
Serum antibodies to herpesvirus early antigens in patients with cervical carcinoma determined by anticomplement immunofluorescence technique
Authors: Ito Hisao , Tsutsui Fumio , Kurihara Soju , Akabayashi Tomoko , Tobe Takashi , Nishimura Chiaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were used with the anticomplement immuno‐fluorescence (ACIF) technique to develop a simple procedure for detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) early antigens. Test cells used in the ACIF assay were HEp‐2 cells infected with HSV‐2 sequentially treated with inhibitors of protein and of DNA synthesis. The cells were first treated for 7 h with cycloheximide (100 μg/ml) and then for 3 h with hydroxyurea (150 μg/ml). In this assay serum titers giving more than 21.5% ACIF‐positive cells correlated to invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Using these criteria 18 out of 43 patients with invasive carcinoma, none of 8 patients with carcinoma in situ, and only 1 of 43 controls, were 'diagnosed as positive. Thus an elevated titer of antibodies against HSV‐2 antigens correlated to cervical carcinoma.
Antigens on melanoma cells detected by leukocyte dependent antibody assays of human melanoma antisera
Authors: Hersey P. , Honeyman M. , Edwards A. , Adams E. , McCarthy W. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxic assays have been used to examine antigens on human melanoma cells obtained either directly from patients or from long‐term melanoma cell lines. A panel of melanoma antisera was selected from human subjects which could be shown not to have significant reactivity to histocompatibility antigens. With these antisera extensive cross‐reactions between melanoma cells were found. However, the cross‐reactivity was incomplete and the pattern of reactivity was different for each antiserum tested. These results were not consistent with a common melanoma antigen on human melanoma cells but rather indicated heterogeneity of melanoma antigens and multiple antibody specificities in the sera tested. This appeared to be confirmed by extensive cross‐absorption studies which indicated limited cross‐reactivity of antigens on melanoma cells from either long‐term or short‐term cultures. Several changes in the antigenic profile of melanoma cells in vitro from both long‐term and short‐term cultures were documented which resulted from contamination of the melanoma cell lines with non‐melanoma cells and fibroblasts. Melanoma antisera may therefore be useful to monitor changes in long‐term cultures which would otherwise give spurious results in in vitro tests. These results appear to have considerable significance for understanding tumour/host relationships and for the establishment of rational immunotherapeutic procedures and diagnostic tests in melanoma.
Demonstration of a phase (stage)‐specific embryonic brain antigen in human meningioma
Authors: Kehayov I. , Botev B. , Vulchanov V. , Kyurkchiev S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe water‐soluble antigens of human embryonic brain were studied using a rabbit antiserum to human 8‐ to 10‐week embryonic brain (non‐absorbed and absorbed with extracts of human embryonic and adult organs). A phase (stage)‐specific brain antigen (s) characteristic for the human 8‐ to 10‐week‐old embryo was detected by double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gel. The testing of this anti‐embryonic brain serum against saline extracts of human brain tumours (meningiomas, glioblastomas, astrocytomas, neurinomas and brain metastasis of carcinoma) revealed the presence of an “embryonic” antigen in the human meningioma only. Immunochemically this meningioma‐associated antigen is identical to a phase (stage)‐specific antigen of the 8‐ to 10‐week embryo.
Indomethacin enhancement of spleen‐cell responsiveness to mitogen stimulation in tumorous mice
Authors: Pelus Louis M. , Strausser Helen R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells removed from C57Bl/6J mice bearing a methylcholanthrene‐induced fibrosarcoma (MC‐16) demonstrate suppressed responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced mitogenesis as compared to non‐tumorous mice. A similar depression of PHA‐induced mitogenesis was observed with spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice bearing syngeneic mammary adenocarcinomas (C3HBA). The administration of indomethacin, a non‐competitive irreversible prostaglandin (Pg) synthesis inhibitor, (75 or 100 μg/mouse, IP) on an alternate day basis to groups of tumor‐bearing mice of both strains, significantly enhanced immune cell responsiveness to mitogenic stimulation. The addition of indomethacin (10 μg/ml) to cultures of spleen cells from these tumor‐bearing mice, as well as to DBA/1J mice bearing the Cloudman S‐91 melanoma, enhanced spleen‐cell responsiveness to mitogen‐induced DNA synthesis by as much as 156%. Indomethacin administration in vivo or in vitro had no significant effect on mitogen‐induced DNA synthesis of spleen cells from non‐tumor‐bearing animals. It is hypothesized that tumors, or tumor‐cell antigens, increase Pg production of a population of spleen cells, and that the increased Pg content of the spleen may be important in controlling immune responsiveness in mice.
Expression of feline type‐C virus in normal and tumor tissues of the domestic cat
Authors: Levin Reuven , Ruscetti Sandra K. , Parks Wade P. , Scolnick Edward M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor and normal tissues from domestic cats were examined for FeLV and RD‐114 specific nucleic acids and proteins. Virus‐positive tissues showed a 100‐ to 200‐fold higher level of FeLV and a 200‐ to 400‐fold higher level of FeLV p30 than virus‐negative tumors and normal cat tissues. In contrast, the levels of RD‐114 viral RNA and p30 antigen were comparable in the majority of tumorous and normal tissues examined. When the DNA of these tissues was examined for FeLV‐related sequences, the virus‐positive tumors were found to contain extra copies of FeLV DNA. Virus‐negative tumors contained DNA sequences homologous with FeLV but the copy number of these sequences could not be distinguished from normal tissues. The results indicate that in certain FeLV‐induced type‐C lymphoproliferative diseases, extra type‐C sequences not present in normal tissues can be identified.
Antibody responses to membrane antigens in monkeys infected with herpesvirus saimiri
Authors: Prevost Jean‐Marie , Pearson Gary R. , Wallen William C. , Rabin Harvey , Qualtiere Louis F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antibody response to Herpesvirus saimiri (HSV)‐induced membrane antigens (MA) was followed in HSV‐infected owl monkeys using the membrane immunofluorescence (MF) and antibody‐dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADLC) assays. These responses were correlated with the loss of T‐cell responsiveness to general mitogens. Antibody titers to MA as determined by ADLC but not MF increased to remarkably high titers in those monkeys that developed malignant disease following virus infection, while remaining at relatively low and constant levels in those monkeys that developed a chronic virus infection in the absence of malignant disease. This disease‐related antibody response pattern was paralleled by the loss of T‐cell function in diseased animals. The development of leukemia in HVS‐infected owl monkeys did not suppress the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to act as effector cells in the ADLC assay. The relationship of these immune response patterns to the development of malignant disease in this system is discussed.
Affinity of estradiol mustard for estrogen receptors and its enzymatic degradation in uterine and breast cancer cytosols
Authors: Leclercq Guy , Deboel Marie‐Christine , Heuson Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstradiol mustard (EM) is the 3,17β‐diester of estradiol‐17β (E2) with the nitrogen mustard derivative chlorphenacyl. The ability of EM to bind to cytoplasmic estrogen receptors was tested by inhibition of the binding of 3H‐E2 to rat uterine cytosol at 18°C and 30°C. At both temperatures an inhibition curve was observed in the presence of a large excess of drug, suggesting that the latter has a very weak binding affinity (100,000 times lower than E2). Incubation of uterine cytosol with increasing amounts of 3H‐E2 in the presence and absence of an excess of EM indicated that the drug interacted with the receptors at the same sites as E2 (competitive inhibition). Preincubation of uterine cytosol at 18°C with EM induced a progressive reduction of 3H‐E2 binding capacity. This reduction also occurred, although to a lesser extent, when long‐term incubation of the cytosol with EM was performed in the presence of labelled E2 from the start. The process was faster at 18°C than at 4°C and did not occur with EM preincubated in homogenization buffer. Exchange assays by 3H‐E2 of uterine receptors preincubated with labelled E2 and excess EM indicated that the drug‐induced inhibition of binding capacity was reversible and produced no apparent alteration of the receptors. Furthermore, the rate of exchange was similar to that observed with receptors previously filled with unlabelled E2. In 9 “receptor‐positive” cytosols from human breast cancers, time‐course study of the binding of 3H‐E2 in the presence of excess of EM yielded similar results as those obtained with rat uterine cytosol. These results show that EM has a very low binding affinity for the estrogen receptors and that it is metabolized into one or several compounds of higher binding affinity. They suggest that EM is probably not significantly concentrated by the estrogen target tissues such as mammary cancers. Therefore, the drug is unlikely to be very valuable in the treatment of breast cancer through a specific mechanism involving concentration by the estrogen receptors.
Properties of a baboon lymphotropic herpesvirus related to Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Falk Lawrence , Deinhardt Friedrich , Nonoyama Meihan , Wolfe Lauren G. , Bergholz Carolyn , Lapin Boris , Yakovleva Lelita , Agrba Viola , Henle Gertrude , Henle Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from splenic lymphocytes of a lymphomatous baboon (Papio hamadryas) by co‐cultivation of the lymphocytes with X‐irradiated cells of marmoset or baboon lymphoblastoid cell cultures; the baboon splenic lymphocytes failed to grow when cultured alone. A herpesvirus, associated with each cell line, was identified by immunofluorescence, molecular hybridization and electron microscopy. Antigenic comparison with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) showed that the baboon herpesvirus and EBV shared cross‐reacting viral capsid antigens (VCA): 20 of 20 (100%) anti‐VCA(EBV)‐positive human sera and 55 of 62 (89%) baboon sera reacted with the baboon lymphoblastoid cells and baboon sera stained EBV VCA in P3HR‐1 and EB‐3 cells. No nuclear antigen, as assayed by anti‐complement immunofluorescence tests, was detected in baboon lymphoblastoid cells when human or baboon anti‐VCA positive sera were used. Baboon anti‐VCA‐positive sera also failed to stain EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA) in Raji or P3HR‐1 cells. Preliminary molecular hybridization studies showed only approximately 40% homology between viral DNA of baboon cell lines and DNA of EBV derived from P3HR‐1 cells.