bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where Are the Mimics When Passing Seems Easy?
Authors: Laitin David D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at defensive mimicry, or rather the relative absence of it during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Given the high stakes for the victim population and the cultural proximity between the two ethnic groups, one would reasonably expect many Tutsis to seek to avoid harm by pretending to be Hutus, but this does not seem to have been the case. A rich body of survival testimonies suggests that Tutsis sought self-preservation through flight, hiding, bribery, friendship cultivation, and other tactics, but not through mimicry, except in a small number of cases. The chapter explains why this was the case and musters quantitative evidence and theoretical arguments to suggest that this counter-intuitive pattern likely extends to other high-intensity civil war situations outside Rwanda.
Prelude
Authors: Cheeke Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This short chapter traces the two vital principles which help us to understand Pater’s idea of personhood: outline and undulancy (or flux). These opposing but interpenetrating figures underpin his writings and frequently recur in the chapters that follow. The ‘Prelude’ traces them throughout his work and across his career, closing with a reading of the ‘Conclusion’ to Studies in the Renaissance (1873) in which they are central, and where ‘art’ is personified in a particularly significant way.
Impersonality
Authors: Cheeke Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter is focused upon ‘impersonality’ as a centrally important and widely various phenomenon in Pater’s work, in his sense of the Western philosophical tradition, and more broadly to the nineteenth century and his modernist successors, with a close reading of the Imaginary Portrait ‘Sebastian van Storck’ (1886). Pater was especially preoccupied with the kind of temperament or personality drawn to the extinction of the self, and to the philosophical ideal of an Impersonal Absolute—with what he thinks of as the ‘malady’ of temperament in figures such as Coleridge or Pascal, and indeed with the ‘infectious mania’ of this recurring thread in the history of philosophy itself. Pater is deeply ambivalent both about the ‘malady’ and about the will to impersonality, and ‘Sebastian van Storck’ is the only work in which Pater considers the sickness of personality associated with ascêsis and self-negation outside the sublimation of art, or the transformation into a philosophical body of work.
Personification
Authors: Cheeke Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the trope of personification and the poetics of prosopopoeia in Pater’s writings about Greek myth and religion, particularly in the essay ‘A Study of Dionysus: The Spiritual Form of Fire and Dew’ (1876). This is then placed in relation to his thinking about personhood in later works, firstly in the idea of a companionable divine logos in Marius the Epicurean (1885), and later in the theory of Platonic Universals expounded in Plato and Platonism (1893). I consider Pater’s dialogue with the writings of Arnold and Ruskin on personification, and the daring ways in which Pater’s mythopoeism went further than anyone else in the nineteenth century. I explore the significance of ‘caprice’—the undulancy or wavering inherent to all human relations—as a fundamental corollary of Pater’s religious and metaphysical vision of personification and prosopopoeia.
Use of Minimal Amounts of Hyaluronidase in the Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Acute Vascular Occlusion by Hyaluronic Acid: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Ugo Urso Simone , Paola Molinari , Salvatore Fundarò , Giovanni Mosti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Complications from hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are increasingly frequent, given the very high number of treatments performed every day worldwide. They are routinely treated with high doses of hyaluronidase, which can cause significant local and general unwanted effects.

Objectives
The aim of our work is to demonstrate that when the origin of the complication is precisely identified and treated under ultrasound guidance, a few hyaluronidase units are enough to treat it effectively.

Methods
Five young female patients came to our observation for vascular lesions from injection of HA fillers performed in the immediately preceding days, in 4 cases, and a few weeks earlier in the fifth case. All lesions were accurately identified by ultrasound and treated with hyaluronidase.

Results
The 4 promptly treated patients fully recovered with a hyaluronidase dose of 87 ± 44 IU (range, 30-150 IU). The fifth patient, treated later, markedly improved regarding clinical picture and symptoms. No early or late side effects have been reported from this hyaluronidase dosage.

Conclusions
Our data confirm that if the lesion at the origin of the skin damage is precisely localized with ultrasound examination and treated under ultrasound guidance, a few units of hyaluronidase, injected directly into the HA accumulation, effectively resolve the skin damage. At the doses we used, which were much lower than those usually recommended, hyaluronidase proved to be not only effective but also free of any side effects.

Level of Evidence: 5
Thalamic epileptic spikes disrupt sleep spindles in patients with epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Wodeyar Anirudh , Chinappen Dhinakaran , Mylonas Dimitris , Baxter Bryan , Manoach Dara S , Eden Uri T , Kramer Mark A , Chu Catherine J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In severe epileptic encephalopathies, epileptic activity contributes to progressive cognitive dysfunction. Epileptic encephalopathies share the trait of spike-wave activation during non-REM sleep (EE-SWAS), a sleep stage dominated by sleep spindles, which are brain oscillations known to coordinate offline memory consolidation. Epileptic activity has been proposed to hijack the circuits driving these thalamocortical oscillations, thereby contributing to cognitive impairment.
Using a unique dataset of simultaneous human thalamic and cortical recordings in subjects with and without EE-SWAS, we provide evidence for epileptic spike interference of thalamic sleep spindle production in patients with EE-SWAS.
First, we show that epileptic spikes and sleep spindles are both predicted by slow oscillations during stage two sleep (N2), but at different phases of the slow oscillation. Next, we demonstrate that sleep-activated cortical epileptic spikes propagate to the thalamus (thalamic spike rate increases after a cortical spike, P ≈ 0). We then show that epileptic spikes in the thalamus increase the thalamic spindle refractory period (P ≈ 0). Finally, we show that in three patients with EE-SWAS, there is a downregulation of sleep spindles for 30 s after each thalamic spike (P &lt; 0.01).
These direct human thalamocortical observations support a proposed mechanism for epileptiform activity to impact cognitive function, wherein epileptic spikes inhibit thalamic sleep spindles in epileptic encephalopathy with spike and wave activation during sleep.
Multi-scale analysis of acupuncture mechanisms for motor and sensory cortex activity based on SEEG data
Authors: Chang Xiaoyu , Hao Pengliang , Zhang Shuhua , Dang Yuanyuan , Liu Aijun , Zheng Nan , Dong Zhao , Zhao Hulin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese therapy, is gaining attention for its impact on the brain. While existing electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance image research has made significant contributions, this paper utilizes stereo-electroencephalography data for a comprehensive exploration of neurophysiological effects. Employing a multi-scale approach, channel-level analysis reveals notable $\delta $-band activity changes during acupuncture. At the brain region level, acupuncture modulated connectivity between the paracentral lobule and the precentral gyrus. Whole-brain analysis indicates acupuncture’s influence on network organization, and enhancing $E_{glob}$ and increased interaction between the motor and sensory cortex. Brain functional reorganization is an important basis for functional recovery or compensation after central nervous system injury. The use of acupuncture to stimulate peripheral nerve trunks, muscle motor points, acupoints, etc., in clinical practice may contribute to the reorganization of brain function. This multi-scale perspective provides diverse insights into acupuncture’s effects. Remarkably, this paper pioneers the introduction of stereo-electroencephalography data, advancing our understanding of acupuncture’s mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits in clinical settings.
Phonological properties of logographic words modulate brain activation in bilinguals: a comparative study of Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji
Authors: Lin Zhenglong , Li Xiujun , Qi Geqi , Yang Jiajia , Sun Hongzan , Guo Qiyong , Wu Jinglong , Xu Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The brain networks for the first (L1) and second (L2) languages are dynamically formed in the bilingual brain. This study delves into the neural mechanisms associated with logographic–logographic bilingualism, where both languages employ visually complex and conceptually rich logographic scripts. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined the brain activity of Chinese–Japanese bilinguals and Japanese–Chinese bilinguals as they engaged in rhyming tasks with Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Results showed that Japanese–Chinese bilinguals processed both languages using common brain areas, demonstrating an assimilation pattern, whereas Chinese–Japanese bilinguals recruited additional neural regions in the left lateral prefrontal cortex for processing Japanese Kanji, reflecting their accommodation to the higher phonological complexity of L2. In addition, Japanese speakers relied more on the phonological processing route, while Chinese speakers favored visual form analysis for both languages, indicating differing neural strategy preferences between the 2 bilingual groups. Moreover, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that, despite the considerable neural overlap, each bilingual group formed distinguishable neural representations for each language. These findings highlight the brain’s capacity for neural adaptability and specificity when processing complex logographic languages, enriching our understanding of the neural underpinnings supporting bilingual language processing.
Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation of Glycyrrhizin Using RP-HPLC-DAD: Application to Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract
Authors: Lyngdoh Waibiangki , Jat Sandeep , Kumar Pramod 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra is commonly known as licorice. Licorice is the major source of glycyrrhizin. There is no reported stability indicating method for glycyrrhizin in the literature so far. Therefore, it was proposed to develop a stability indicating method and validate the method for glycyrrhizin and its application in G. glabra root extract. Method validation parameters were performed as per the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax Extended C-18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The separation achieved using the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile in gradient elution. The flow rate was kept at 1 mL/min, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy detection was at 250 nm. The average retention time of glycyrrhizin was found to be 7.30 min. Stress degradation studies were performed and confirmed that only acidic degradation has shown a degradation profile of glycyrrhizin up to 40%. The percentage of glycyrrhizin was found to be 0.40% in the G. glabra extract. This may be further explored for commercial applications.
A Novel Risk-Adjusted Metric to Compare Hospitals on Their Antibiotic Prescribing at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J , Merchant James A , Cho Hyunkeun , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Alexander Bruce , Beck Brice , Goto Michihiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge is common, but there is no metric to evaluate hospital performance at this transition of care. We built a risk-adjusted metric for comparing hospitals on their overall post-discharge antibiotic use.

Methods
This was a retrospective study across all acute-care admissions within the Veterans Health Administration during 2018–2021. For patients discharged to home, we collected data on antibiotics and relevant covariates. We built a zero-inflated, negative, binomial mixed model with 2 random intercepts for each hospital to predict post-discharge antibiotic exposure and length of therapy (LOT). Data were split into training and testing sets to evaluate model performance using absolute error. Hospital performance was determined by the predicted random intercepts.

Results
1 804 300 patient-admissions across 129 hospitals were included. Antibiotics were prescribed to 41.5% while hospitalized and 19.5% at discharge. Median LOT among those prescribed post-discharge antibiotics was 7 (IQR, 4–10) days. The predictive model detected post-discharge antibiotic use with fidelity, including accurate identification of any exposure (area under the precision-recall curve = 0.97) and reliable prediction of post-discharge LOT (mean absolute error = 1.48). Based on this model, 39 (30.2%) hospitals prescribed antibiotics less often than expected at discharge and used shorter LOT than expected. Twenty-eight (21.7%) hospitals prescribed antibiotics more often at discharge and used longer LOT.

Conclusions
A model using electronically available data was able to predict antibiotic use prescribed at hospital discharge and showed that some hospitals were more successful in reducing antibiotic overuse at this transition of care. This metric may help hospitals identify opportunities for improved antibiotic stewardship at discharge.
Intravenous Versus Subcutaneous Infliximab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chetwood John David , Tran Yvonne , Subramanian Sreedhar , Smith Philip J , Iborra Marisa , Buisson Anthony , Paramsothy Sudarshan , Leong Rupert W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Subcutaneous [SC] infliximab may provide multiple benefits over intravenous [IV] formulations. However, studies for efficacy and safety in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] have been constrained by small sizes that limit the interpretation of outcomes, particularly for subgroups potentially at high risk of disease relapse.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis up to January 2023, to evaluate the change in clinical remission after transitioning from IV to SC infliximab in patients with IBD in clinical remission. The primary outcome was measured using the relative risk for meta-analysis.

Results
We identified 15 studies of patients established ≥ 3 months on IV infliximab, consisting of 1371 patients and 840 patient-years of follow-up. There was no loss of clinical remission in the IBD cohort overall, Crohn’s disease [CD], or perianal CD [p = 0.55 and p = 0.11 at 9–12 months, and p = 0.50 at 6 months, respectively]. Neither prior IV dose [≤ 10 mg/kg 6-weekly] [p = 0.48] nor IBD disease subtype was associated with an increased clinical relapse rate at 6 months (p = 0.48 and p = 0.45 [UC vs CD], respectively).

Conclusion
Changing patients established on IV infliximab to an SC formulation is associated with a high ongoing clinical remission and a low adverse event rate. Furthermore, there are no signals for adverse outcomes among different IBD disease subtypes, nor in those on escalated IV infliximab dosing schedules up to 10 mg/kg 6-weekly. These data should provide patients and clinicians alike with confidence in SC infliximab use in IBD.
Double-balloon venous ethanol ablation for treatment of repetitive monomorphic ventricular complexes from intramural infero-basal septum: a case report
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Mirizzi Gianluca , Todiere Giancarlo , Gimelli Alessia , Nesti Martina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Ablation failures are common in case of intramural location of the arrhythmogenic substrate.

Case summary
We report the case of a patient with cardiomyopathy contributed by frequent monomorphic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) from intramural basal interventricular septum treated with double-balloon venous ethanol ablation (VEA) after a previous failed endocardial radiofrequency (RF) ablation.

Discussion
Double-balloon VEA represents a safe and effective therapeutic option in case of intramural VAs also in the absence of venous collaterals joining selectively an intramural arrhythmic substrate.
Edoxaban for 12 vs. 3 months in cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis according to different doses: insights from the ONCO DVT study
Authors: Chatani Ryuki , Yamashita Yugo , Morimoto Takeshi , Muraoka Nao , Umetsu Michihisa , Nishimoto Yuji , Takada Takuma , Ogihara Yoshito , Nishikawa Tatsuya , Ikeda Nobutaka , Otsui Kazunori , Sueta Daisuke , Tsubata Yukari , Shoji Masaaki , Shikama Ayumi , Hosoi Yutaka , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Tsukahara Kengo , Nakanishi Naohiko , Kim Kitae , Ikeda Satoshi , Mushiake Kazunori , Kadota Kazushige , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The ONCO DVT study revealed the superiority of 12-month relative to 3-month edoxaban treatment for cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) regarding the thrombotic risk.

Methods and Results
In this pre-specified subgroup analysis of the ONCO DVT study, we stratified the patients into those with a standard edoxaban dose (60 mg/day; N = 151) and those with a reduced edoxaban dose (30 mg/day; N = 450) and evaluated the clinical outcomes for the 12- and 3-month treatments. The cumulative 12-month incidence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism was lower in the 12-month than 3-month group for both the 60 mg (1.3% vs. 11.6%, P = 0.02; odds ratio [OR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.97) and 30 mg (1.1% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.002; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03–0.60) edoxaban subgroups, which was consistent across the edoxaban doses without a significant interaction (P = 0.90). The 12-month cumulative incidence of major bleeding was higher in the 12-month group than in the 3-month group for the 60 mg edoxaban subgroup (14.3% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.046; OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 0.97–13.52), whereas it did not significantly differ between the two groups for the 30 mg edoxaban subgroup (8.7% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.89; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.49–1.91), signalling there was a potential interaction (P = 0.07).

Conclusions
A 12-month edoxaban regimen for cancer-associated isolated distal DVT was consistently superior to a 3-month regimen, across the edoxaban doses for the thrombotic risk. However, caution was suggested for the standard dose of edoxaban due to the potential for an increased risk of bleeding with prolonged anticoagulation therapy.

Trial registration number
NCT03895502 (ONCO DVT Trial): https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03895502
Family living and cooperative breeding in birds are associated with the number of avian predators
Authors: Bliard Louis , Dufour Paul , Griesser Michael , Covas Rita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cooperative breeding occurs when individuals contribute parental care to offspring that are not their own. Numerous intra- and interspecific studies have aimed to explain the evolution of this behavior. Recent comparative work suggests that family living (i.e., when offspring remain with their parents beyond independence) is a critical stepping stone in the evolution of cooperative breeding. Thus, it is key to understand the factors that facilitate the evolution of family living. Within-species studies suggest that protection from predators is a critical function of group living, through both passive benefits such as dilution effects and active benefits such as prosocial antipredator behaviors in family groups. However, the association between predation risk and the formation and prevalence of family groups and cooperative breeding remains untested globally. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative analyses including 2,984 bird species to show that family living and cooperative breeding are associated with increased occurrence of avian predators. These cross-species findings lend support to previous suggestions based on intraspecific studies that social benefits of family living, such as protection against predation, could favor the evolution of delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding.
Sustainability and drivers of Populus tremuloides regeneration and recruitment near the southwestern edge of its range
Authors: Crouch Connor D , Wilhelmi Nicholas P , Rogers Paul C , Moore Margaret M , Waring Kristen M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) ecosystems are highly valued in the southwestern United States because of the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Aspen has experienced extensive mortality in recent decades, and there is evidence that many areas in Arizona, United States lack adequate recruitment to replace dying overstory trees. Maintaining sustainable levels of regeneration and recruitment (i.e. juveniles) is critical for promoting aspen ecosystem resilience and adaptive capacity, but questions remain about which factors currently limit juvenile aspen and which strategies are appropriate for managing aspen in an increasingly uncertain future. To fill these critical knowledge gaps, we sampled aspen populations across Arizona and collected data representing a suite of biotic and abiotic factors that potentially influence juvenile aspen. Specifically, we addressed two questions: (i) Is aspen sustainably regenerating and recruiting in Arizona? and (2) Which biotic and abiotic factors significantly influence aspen regeneration and recruitment? We found that many aspen populations in Arizona lack sustainable levels of juvenile aspen, and the status of recruitment was especially dire, with 40% of study plots lacking a single recruiting stem. Aspen regeneration was less abundant on warmer sites than cooler ones, highlighting the threat that a rapidly warming climate poses to aspen sustainability. Aspen recruitment was significantly more abundant in areas with recent fire than in areas without fire, and recruitment had a strong positive relationship with fire severity. The most important limiting factors for aspen recruitment were ungulate browse, especially by introduced Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), and the invasive insect, oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi). We conclude with a discussion of how management can promote sustainability of aspen populations by addressing the array of threats that aspen faces, such as a warming climate, chronic ungulate browse, and outbreaks of oystershell scale.
Osiris gene family defines the cuticle nanopatterns of Drosophila
Authors: Sun Zhengkuan , Inagaki Sachi , Miyoshi Keita , Saito Kuniaki , Hayashi Shigeo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nanostructures of pores and protrusions in the insect cuticle modify molecular permeability and surface wetting and help insects sense various environmental cues. However, the cellular mechanisms that modify cuticle nanostructures are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate how insect-specific Osiris family genes are expressed in various cuticle-secreting cells in the Drosophila head during the early stages of cuticle secretion and cover nearly the entire surface of the head epidermis. Furthermore, we demonstrate how each sense organ cell with various cuticular nanostructures expressed a unique combination of Osiris genes. Osiris gene mutations cause various cuticle defects in the corneal nipples and pores of the chemosensory sensilla. Thus, our study emphasizes on the importance of Osiris genes for elucidating cuticle nanopatterning in insects.