bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Profiling and Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of Curcuma Angustifolia Rhizome Methanolic Extract: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Kavya P. , Gayathri M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurcuma angustifolia Roxb. is a plant with medicinal potential, traditionally used to treat different diseases. The present study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of C. angustifolia rhizome in vitro and in silico. The methanolic extract of C. angustifolia rhizome was analyzed by FTIR and GC‐MS to determine the phytochemicals present. The antidiabetic potential of the extract was evaluated by different assays in vitro. The extract inhibited both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes and the glucose diffusion through the dialysis membrane in a concentration‐dependent manner with IC50 values of 530.39±0.09, 293.75±0.11, and 551.74±0.3 μg/ml respectively. The methanolic extract also improved yeast cell's ability to take up glucose across plasma membranes and the adsorption of glucose. The findings were supported by molecular docking studies. The results showed that the methanol extract of C. angustifolia rhizome has significant antidiabetic activity and thus can be also studied to isolate the potential compound with antidiabetic activities.
Nutritional Composition and Therapeutic Potential of Pineapple Peel – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mehraj Mahrukh , Das Susmita , Feroz Fathima , Waheed Wani Ab , Dar S.Q , Kumar Sanjeev , Wani Atif Khurshid , Farid Arshad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPineapple (Ananas comosus), the succulent and vibrant tropical fruit, is a symbol of exoticism and sweetness that captures the hearts and palates of people around the world. The pineapple peel, often considered as waste, has garnered attention for its potential applications. The pineapple peel is rich in essential nutrients, including calcium, potassium, vitamin C, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and water, making it beneficial for the digestive system, weight management, and overall balanced nutrition. It contains significant amounts of sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose, along with citric acid as the predominant organic acid. The peel also contains bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme known for its digestive properties. Studies have highlighted the pharmacological properties of pineapple peel, such as its potential anti‐parasitic effects, alleviation of constipation, and benefits for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Efforts are being made to promote the utilization of pineapple peel as a valuable resource rather than mere waste. Its applications range from the production of vinegar, alcohol, and citric acid to the development of various food products, including squash, syrup, jelly, and pickles. Further research and innovation are required to fully explore the potential of pineapple peel and establish sustainable practices for its utilization, contributing to waste reduction and the development of value‐added products.
Vaginoscopic resection of hemivagina, in a 20‐year‐old virgin female with prior misdiagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome as a bicornuate uterus: A case report
Authors: Haghgoo Ameneh , Faegh Ali , Nasiri Saeed , Akhbari Farnaz 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageOHVIRA syndrome can be misdiagnosed due to its rarity, resulting in the need for more invasive interventions than vaginoscopy. Also, delayed diagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome can affect patient's quality of life by leading to chronic gynecological diseases such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.AbstractObstructive hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome is one of the infrequent congenital Mullerian duct anomalies characterized by obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This study presents a 20‐year‐old virgin female who was diagnosed with OHVIRA syndrome and treated by vaginoscopy using the hymen preservation technique. Also, she was misdiagnosed with non‐communicating rudimentary uterine horn 4 years ago. Late or misdiagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, early diagnosis and management are crucial. OHVIRA syndrome's misdiagnosis is possible with other Mullerian duct anomalies, such as a rudimentary uterine horn. Also, patients with misdiagnosis undergo unnecessary interventions.
A steady two‐dimensional cylindrical mass transport model to determine binary gas diffusivities: A proof‐of‐concept theoretical development
Authors: Ramírez Carlos A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBinary gas diffusivities, DABs, are key parameters in the analysis of many chemical engineering processes. Significant efforts to estimate diffusivities experimentally were made by Josef Stefan in the 19th century, who designed a column with liquid A at the bottom overlaid by a gas phase through which gas A diffused. His studies led to the determination of DABs for many gas pairs (B is commonly air), and to the development of alternate mass transport systems. The present proof‐of‐concept theory describes a steady two‐dimensional (2D) diffusion model consisting of a vertical cylinder thinly coated on its inner surfaces with either a sublimating or evaporating species A. The gas‐phase mass conservation partial differential equation is rendered dimensionless and solved by separation of variables. The theoretical molar flow rate of species A at the top of the cylinder, calculated analytically, can be equated to the experimental rate of mass loss from the coated walls, ultimately leading to DAB. The solution of the steady 2D diffusion model is explored in terms of the cylinder aspect ratio (height/radius), showing that the latter quantity can be tailored to obtain preselected sublimation rates of A. The interplay of the radial and axial diffusion mechanisms is also demonstrated as a function of geometry. Finally, the model's use in analyzing a projected sublimation/evaporation–diffusion experiment is discussed. This is the first time that a steady 2D diffusive transport model has been proposed to estimate DABs from experimental data.
Discovery of Potent Isoindolinone Inhibitors that Target an Active Conformation of PARP1 Using DNA‐Encoded Libraries
Authors: McCarthy Kelly A. , Marcotte Douglas J. , Parelkar Sangram , McKinnon Crystal L. , Trammell Lindsay E. , Stangeland Eric L. , Jetson Rachael R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInhibition of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP1), a DNA repair enzyme, has proven to be a successful strategy for the treatment of various cancers. With the appropriate selection conditions and protein design, DNA‐encoded library (DEL) technology provides a powerful avenue to identify small molecules with the desired mechanism of action towards a target of interest. However, DNA‐binding proteins, such as PARP1, can be challenging targets for DEL screening due to non‐specific protein−DNA interactions. To overcome this, we designed and screened a PARP1 catalytic domain construct without the autoinhibitory helical domain. This allowed us to interrogate an active, functionally‐relevant form of the protein resulting in the discovery of novel isoindolinone PARP1 inhibitors with single‐digit nanomolar potency. These inhibitors also demonstrated little to no PARP1−DNA trapping, a property that could be advantageous in the clinic.
Optimized Incorporation of Furan into Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Neu Justin , Ding Kan , Liu Shubin , Ade Harald , Xu Jie , You Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlexible electronics have received considerable attention in the past decades due to their promising application in rollable display screens, wearable devices, implantable devices, and other electronic applications. In particular, conjugated polymers are favored for flexible electronics due to their mechanical flexibility and potential for solution‐processed fabrication techniques, such as blade‐coating, roll‐to‐roll printing, and high‐throughput printing allowing for high‐performance transistor devices. Thiophene is the prevailing conjugated unit to construct these conjugated polymers due to its favorable electronic properties. On the other hand, furans are among the few conjugated moieties that are easily derived from bio renewable resources. To promote sustainability, we selectively introduced furan into the conjugated backbone of a high‐mobility polymer scaffold and systematically studied the effect on the microstructure and charge transport. We show that partially and selectively replacing thiophene units with furan can yield nearly comparable performance compared to the all‐thiophene polymer. This strategy offers an improvement in the sustainability of the polymer by incorporating bio‐sourced furan without sacrificing the high‐performance characteristics. Meanwhile, polymers with incorrect or complete furan incorporation show reduced mobilities. This work serves to develop coherent structure–morphology–performance relationships; such knowledge will establish guidelines for the future development of sustainable, furan‐based conjugated materials.
Mechanism and endoscopic‐treatment‐induced evolution of biliary non‐anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation revealed by single‐cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wu Zhaoyi , Liu Danqing , Ou Yanjiao , Xu Zeliang , Heng Gang , Liu Wei , Fu Nengsheng , Wang Jingyi , Jiang Di , Gan Lang , Dong Jiahong , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Zhiyu , Zhang Leida , Zhang Chengcheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiliary complications, especially non‐anastomotic stricture (NAS), are the main complications after liver transplantation. Insufficient sampling and no recognized animal models obstruct the investigation. Thus, the mechanisms and alterations that occur during endoscopic treatment (ET) of NAS remain unclear.MethodsSamples were obtained with endoscopic forceps from the hilar bile ducts of NAS patients receiving continuous biliary stent implantation after diagnosis. Retrospective analysis of multiple studies indicated that the duration of ET for NAS was approximately 1–2 years. Thus, we divided the patients into short‐term treatment (STT) and long‐term treatment (LTT) groups based on durations of less or more than 1 year. Samples were subjected to single‐cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptomic differences between STT and normal groups were defined as the NAS mechanism. Similarly, alterations from STT to LTT groups were regarded as endoscopic‐treatment‐induced evolution.ResultsIn NAS, inflammation and immune‐related pathways were upregulated in different cell types, with nonimmune cells showing hypoxia pathway upregulation and immune cells showing ATP metabolism pathway upregulation, indicating heterogeneity. We confirmed a reduction in bile acid metabolism‐related SPP1+ epithelial cells in NAS. Increases in proinflammatory and profibrotic fibroblast subclusters indicated fibrotic progression in NAS. Furthermore, immune disorders in NAS were exacerbated by an increase in plasma cells and dysfunction of NK and NKT cells. ET downregulated multicellular immune and inflammatory responses and restored epithelial and endothelial cell proportions.ConclusionsThis study reveals the pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms and evolution of NAS induced by ET, thereby providing preventive and therapeutic insights into NAS.Highlights
For the first time, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on the bile ducts of patients with biliary complications.
scRNA‐seq analysis revealed distinct changes in the proportion and phenotype of multiple cell types during Nonanastomotic stricture (NAS) and endoscopic treatment.
A reduction in bile acid metabolism‐related SPP1+ epithelial cells and VEGFA+ endothelial cells, along with explosive infiltration of plasma cells and dysfunction of T and NK cells in NAS patients.
SPP1+ macrophages and BST2+ T cells might serve as a surrogate marker for predicting endoscopic treatment.
Fish diversity of Colombian Andes‐Amazon streams at the end of conflict is a reference for conservation before increased land use
Authors: Bogota‐Gregory Juan David , Jenkins David G. , Acosta‐Santos Astrid , Agudelo Córdoba Edwin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReference conditions are difficult to find in the Anthropocene but essential for effective biodiversity conservation. Aquatic ecosystems in the Andes‐Amazon transition zone of Colombia are now at high risk due to expanded human activities after peace agreements in 2016 ended armed conflict because lands formerly controlled by FARC and other armed groups are now prone to agricultural and urban expansion. Particularly, expanding human land use may reduce fish diversity across the altitudinal gradient, especially in the premontane streams (i.e., <500 m a.s.l.) because lands are more amenable to human use than at greater altitudes. We evaluated fish α‐diversity (measured as species richness, total abundance, and effective species number) and β‐diversity (spatial and temporal) in 12 sites over 8 years bracketing the end of armed conflict. All α‐diversity and β‐diversity analyses were evaluated relative to categorical altitude (< or >500 m) and continuous altitude. Strong differences in fish community structure among sites occurred as a function of altitude. Fish communities exhibit altitudinal biodiversity gradients that are consistent in space and time, and that need to be accounted for conservation and management considerations. Our results provide a reference to identify short‐ and long‐term changes due to impending human land use at a critical moment for the conservation of tropical fish diversity. Similar studies in other areas of the upper Amazon Basin are needed to evaluate effects of subsequent human activities on diversity patterns and our study area to compare to reference conditions reported here.
Impacts of host availability and temperature on mosquito‐borne parasite transmission
Authors: Dahlin Kyle J.‐M. , O'Regan Suzanne M. , Han Barbara A. , Schmidt John Paul , Drake John M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change is predicted to cause range shifts in the mosquito species that transmit pathogens to humans and wildlife. Recent modeling studies have sought to improve our understanding of the relationship between temperature and the transmission potential of mosquito‐borne pathogens. However, the role of the vertebrate host population, including the importance of host behavioral defenses on mosquito feeding success, remains poorly understood despite ample empirical evidence of its significance to pathogen transmission. Here, we derived thermal performance curves for mosquito and parasite traits and integrated them into two models of vector–host contact to investigate how vertebrate host traits and behaviors affect two key thermal properties of mosquito‐borne parasite transmission: the thermal optimum for transmission and the thermal niche of the parasite population. We parameterized these models for five mosquito‐borne parasite transmission systems, leading to two main conclusions. First, vertebrate host availability may induce a shift in the thermal optimum of transmission. When the tolerance of the vertebrate host to biting from mosquitoes is limited, the thermal optimum of transmission may be altered by as much as 5°C, a magnitude of applied significance. Second, thresholds for sustained transmission depend nonlinearly on both vertebrate host availability and temperature. At any temperature, sustained transmission is impossible when vertebrate hosts are extremely abundant because the probability of encountering an infected individual is negligible. But when host biting tolerance is limited, sustained transmission will also not occur at low host population densities. Furthermore, our model indicates that biting tolerance should interact with vertebrate host population density to adjust the parasite population thermal niche. Together, these results suggest that vertebrate host traits and behaviors play essential roles in the thermal properties of mosquito‐borne parasite transmission. Increasing our understanding of this relationship should lead us to improved predictions about shifting global patterns of mosquito‐borne disease.
Virgin flaxseed oil supplemented or not with tocopherols and phytosterols prevents liver steatosis induced by high‐fat diets in male Wistar rats
Authors: Scanarotti Ignacio Gabriel , Sain Juliana , Fabro Ana , Bernal Claudio Adrián 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of a virgin flaxseed oil (FO) rich in n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, supplemented or not with a bioactive supplement (BS) containing tocopherols and phytosterols on the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a high‐fat (HF) animal model. Male Wistar rats were fed 60 days with a recommended (SO7, soybean oil 7%) or an HF diet (fat, 30%) containing soybean (SO30), corn (CO30), or FO (FO30) or the same oils supplemented with 1% of BS (SO30BS, CO30BS, or FO30BS, respectively). Hepatic and dietary FA composition, triacylglycerides (TAGs) content in serum and liver, nutritional parameters, in vivo TAG‐secretion rate, liver histology, mRNA levels of β‐oxidation‐related genes, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1a (CPT‐1a) enzyme activity were determined. At HF levels, FO30 and FO30BS groups showed the highest total n − 3 PUFA levels in diets and were associated with lower weight gain, liver TAG content, and microsteatosis degree. The CPT‐1a activity was enhanced in FO30 and FO30BS, showing differences only by the type of dietary oil. The BS supplementation induced an increase in the β‐oxidation‐related gene expression. Virgin FO prevented liver steatosis and hepatomegaly induced by HF diets. The BS supplementation reduced body fat accumulation and enhanced expression of β‐oxidation related genes, without affecting hepatic TAG content.Practical Applications: Scientific knowledge of functional lipids with high oxidative stability and biological activity has great practical application in reducing non‐communicable chronic diseases. This study provides evidence on the potential synergic and complementary effects of virgin FO, TP, and PS to be used for the prevention of the metabolic hepatic disorders involved during the evolution of the different steps of NAFLD. Specifically, based on different biological mechanisms, this stable combination of bioactive lipids could prevent not only the development of exacerbated hepatic TAG accumulation but also the hepatocellular injury seen at different stages from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis.
Synthesis of Artemisinin G from Artemisinin via Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Menghan , Liu Xiaoling , Zheng Xiaoshan , Luo Yining , Gao Yu , Chen Haijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. However, its application in the functionalization of natural products remains to be further explored. Herein, we report an efficient approach to synthesize artemisinin G from artemisinin via photocatalysis in high yield.
Practical and Divergent Synthesis of Carbocyclic Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Van de Velde Ewout , Van Hauwermeiren Anouk , Van Pelt Natascha , Matheeussen An , Caljon Guy , Van Calenbergh Serge 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA concise set of 4‐substituted pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine carboriboside analogues was synthesized in a divergent fashion via a central intermediate. An oxaziridine reagent allowed the synthesis of a crucial hydrazine glycon intermediate, which was transformed through a base‐build‐up strategy into the desired intermediate using a commercially available pyrimidine building block. Reaction with a variety of nucleophiles allowed late‐stage diversification. All analogues were evaluated for activity against a representative panel of Trypanosomatida. A methoxy‐substituted analogue displayed single‐digit micromolar activity against two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei in cellular assays.
Implementation frameworks guiding digital self‐management intervention in chronic pain: A scoping review
Authors: de la Vega R. , Bartels S. L. , Wicksell R. W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe development, evaluation and implementation of digital self‐management interventions for chronic pain have increased exponentially. While intervention outcomes appear promising to improve well‐being and functioning in target populations, it is unclear how the development and evaluation processes were structured and how implementation was planned and executed. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of implementation frameworks used to guide and evaluate scientific innovation in chronic pain.Databases and Data TreatmentFour bibliography databases (Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL) and two registries (PubMed Central, MedaRxiv) were systematically searched. Hits (n = 6830) and full texts (n = 351) were screened and read by two independent reviewers. Peer‐reviewed articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the narrative synthesis.ResultsIn total, 10 studies were identified that report on seven distinct interventions. Five implementation frameworks were utilized across these studies: Behavioural Interventions using Technology (BIT); Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR); mHealth Agile and User‐Centered Research and Development Lifecycle; Medical Research Council (MRC); Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption Implementation, and Maintenance (RE‐AIM). Frameworks were operationalized using qualitative and quantitative methods, evaluating the innovation on various levels (e.g., individual vs. organizational) and applying a variety of study designs (e.g., single‐arm or large trials).ConclusionsBy utilizing implementation frameworks, access to evidence‐based chronic pain care may be increased. Although the evidence on the utility of implementation frameworks to guide and evaluate digital self‐management interventions is still limited, the body of literature is increasing. Future studies are urged to operationalize, communicate and discuss the innovation process, to promote transparency and replicability.SignificanceThe use of implementation frameworks to guide and evaluate digital self‐management interventions for chronic pain is a recent development in the field. Several promising examples exist and are presented in this review. Currently, the evidence is still limited, and prospective studies need to transparently operationalize, communicate and discuss their efforts. By utilizing an implementation framework, promising interventions can be made available to end‐users, closing the research‐to‐clinical practice gap and increasing access to evidence‐based care to people with chronic pain.
Selective harmonic elimination in PUC‐5 multilevel inverter using hybrid IGWO‐DE algorithm
Authors: Sifat Zaid , Hussain Md Tahmid , Khan Mohd Anas , Hussain Md Shahbaz , Sarwar Adil , Tariq Mohd , Hasan Mehedi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of a multilevel inverter has received significant attention in recent years due to its numerous advantages. Because of the widespread use of multilevel inverters in industries and applications that require a wide range of voltages, achieving high‐quality voltage has presented a number of challenges. Many studies have been carried out to address the problem of unwanted harmonics in multilevel inverters. The inverter switching can be done at a low frequency using the Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) technique, and the unwanted harmonics can be significantly reduced; however, the issue with SHE is solving the transcendental equations and determining the optimum switching angle. To address this problem, a new and improved hybrid algorithm is proposed that combines two evolutionary algorithms, gray wolf optimization (GWO) with an improved and new convergence factor and Differential evolution (DE) with a dynamic scaling factor using a crossover operator. In this paper, the optimum switching angles for a packed U cell 5‐level inverter are estimated using the proposed algorithm for distinct modulation index values, and simulation results are compared with different algorithms. The simulation result of the proposed algorithm, IGWO‐DE is confirmed through experiment.