bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unprotected left main disease managed with drug‐eluting stents: Long‐term outcome of 100 patients with increased surgical risk
Authors: Wood Frances O. , Saylors Elizabeth K. , Schneider Joel E. , Jobe R. Lee , Mann J. Tift 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine long‐term clinical outcomes in high surgical risk patients (pts) with unprotected left main (ULM) disease who were managed with drug‐eluting stents (DES). Background: The long‐term efficacy of unprotected left main (ULM) stenting with DES remains uncertain. Methods: From June 2003 to December 2005, 100 pts with increased surgical risk underwent ULM stenting with DES. Patient risk was estimated by EuroSCORE. Disease was confined to the ostium/main stem in Group A (31 pts) and involved the bifurcation in Group B (69 pts). Study endpoints were MI, TVR, and death. Results: Mean age was 68 ± 1 years, EF 52 ± 1%. Mean EuroSCORE was 5.2 ± 0.4, and 41% pts had a EuroSCORE of >6. In Group A, 87% of lesions were directly stented. In Group B, 61% of pts received one stent and 39% received two stents. Primary success was 95%. Follow‐up data (mean 28 ± 1 months) were obtained in all patients. Restenosis occurred at the proximal stent margin in 5/9 pts. There were 12 cardiac deaths (88% cardiac survival) and 9 noncardiac deaths (79% total survival). In Group B, 5 pts died suddenly: 3 within the first week and 2 additional pts after 1 year. Sudden death did not occur in Group A. All cause event‐free survival was 65% in Group A and 67% in Group B. Conclusion: A substantial number of late adverse events occurred in both ostial and bifurcation groups with equal frequency. Until definitive data from randomized trials are available, ULM stenting should be performed only in patients with prohibitive surgical risk. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The parallel wire technique for septal defect closure
Authors: Chiam Paul TL , Cohen Howard A , Ruiz Carlos E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPercutaneous closure of sedundum atrial septal defects (ASD) has been shown to be safe and effective. Usually crossing the defect is relatively straightforward. Occasionally, with fenestrated ASDs, trying to cross the defect(s) may be challenging. We report the use of a “paralle wire” (0.018 or 0.014 inch wire) technique to maintain access and be able to recross the same defect easily in case of misplacement until just before the device was secured and released. This technique could be used also as a “body wire” for large ASDs with deficient rims to reduce the incidence of device prolapse, and for patent foramen ovale and ventricular septal defect closures. This is a simple and easily reproducible method with the equipment readily available in virtually all catheterization laboratories. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of Statistical Design to Benzylation of Toluene with Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Alam A. , Zahangir Alam M. , Islam S. T. A. , Alam S. , Saha M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBenzylation of toluene with benzyl alcohol in the presence of benzenesulphonic acid was studied statistically with a three‐factored experimental design. Factorial design was employed to study the effect of factors and the interactions of two or more factors on the yield of benzylation. Temperature, the molar ratio of toluene to benzyl alcohol, and amount of catalyst were considered as major variables. A mathematical equation was derived with the help of experimental design to calculate the predicted yields under certain experimental conditions. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked.
Enhancement of Hydrocyclone Classification Efficiency for Fine Particles by Introducing a Volute Chamber with a Pre‐Sedimentation Function
Authors: Liu P.‐K. , Chu L.‐Y. , Wang J. , Yu Y.‐F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new hydrocyclone was designed with a volute chamber positioned prior to the inlet. Since the volute chamber prior to the inlet has a pre‐sedimentation function due to the centrifugal sedimentation effect, coarse particles are concentrated on the outer side and fine particles are concentrated on the inner side as the particles reach the entrance of the hydrocyclone. Consequently, coarse particles in the hydrocyclone are easily separated into the underflow and fine particles are easily transferred into the overflow. As a result, the separation or classification performance of the hydrocyclone was improved effectively. Compared with the traditional type of hydrocyclone, this new type of hydrocyclone with a volute chamber before the inlet was shown to possess a much higher classification efficiency for fine particles.
Chiral Bidentate Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Based Palladium Complexes Bearing Carboxylate Ligands: Highly Effective Catalysts for the Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Cyclic Enones
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shi Min 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAxially chiralcis‐chelated bidentate bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene)–palladium(II) complexes with two weakly coordinating carboxylate ligands are effective catalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to cyclic enones, producing the corresponding adducts in moderate‐to‐high yields and with good‐to‐high enantioselectivities, in most cases under mild conditions.
Crystal growth of zirconium‐doped KTiOPO4 crystals in the K2O‐P2O5‐TiO2‐ZrF4 system
Authors: Ivanenko V. I. , Zatovsky I. V. , Slobodyanik N. S. , Nagornyi P. G. , Baumer V. N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractZirconium‐doped KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals were grown using a high temperature flux method in the K2O‐P2O5‐TiO2‐ZrF4 system. The dopant content in the single crystals with general composition KTi1‐xZrxOPO4 (where x = 0 – 0.026) strongly depends on zirconium concentration in the homogeneous melts. AES‐ICP method and X‐ray fluorescence analysis were used to determine the composition of the obtained crystals. Phase analyses of the products were performed using the powder XRD. The structures of KTiOPO4 containing different quantities of Zr were refined on the basis of single crystal XRD data. Applying ZrF4 precursor for zirconium injection into the flux allowed growing the zirconium‐doped KTP crystals at 930–750°C. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of L‐aspartate crystals grown in gel medium
Authors: Rathi F.A.P. , Dinakaran S. , Robert R. , Mahalakshmi R. , Yogam F. , Das S. Jerome 
Published: February 2008

AbstractL‐Aspartate [C4H7NO4], also called as 2‐aminobutanedoioic acid, an organic amino acid was crystallized with the aid of sodium metasilicate gel. Diffusion of the supersaturated solutions in porous gel network by solubility reduction method in silica gel was carried out in our laboratory. The crystals were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals the presence of functional groups in the crystals. Optical absorbance of the crystals was studied by UV – Visible spectroscopy and the thermal properties were studied by thermo gravimetric analysis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous synthesis of different structures of calcium oxalate by living bi‐template
Authors: Li Sheng , Sun Dong‐Mei , Wu Qing‐Sheng , Ding Ya‐Ping 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBiomimetic living bi‐templates, mung bean sprouts (MBS), were employed to control the crystallization of calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD). Two kinds of crystals in different shapes were simultaneously grown on the outer surface and the inner stem wall of MBS respectively. The whole process is in the living system that material flow and energy exchange ceaselessly. The products were respectively characterized by SEM, XRD. A presumable mechanism is proposed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Re‐determination of the pseudobinary system Li2O – MoO3
Authors: Moser M. , Klimm D. , Ganschow S. , Kwasniewski A. , Jacobs K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe quasi‐binary phase diagram lithium oxide – molybdenum(VI) oxide was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. The four intermediate phases Li4MoO5, Li2MoO4, Li4Mo5O17, and Li2Mo4O13 show incongruent melting. The system has one eutectic point at 50.5 mol% MoO3 and 49.5 mol% LiO0.5 with a eutectic temperature of 524.6°C. At this point the melt is in equilibrium with Li2MoO4 and Li4Mo5O17. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, compositional and optical properties of gallium selenide thin films doped with cadmium
Authors: Qasrawi A. F. , Saleh A. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPolycrystalline cadmium doped gallium selenide thin films were obtained by the thermal co‐evaporation of GaSe crystals and Cd grains onto glass substrates. The structural, compositional and optical properties of these films have been investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and UV‐visible spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Particularly, the elemental analysis, the crystalline nature, the energy band gap, the refractive index, the dispersion energy and static dielectric constant have been identified. The absorption coefficient spectral analysis in the sharp absorption region revealed a direct forbidden energy band gap of 1.22 eV. The cadmium doping has caused a significant decrease in the values of the energy band gap and in all the dispersive optical parameters, as well. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large Second‐Order NLO Activity in Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Grafted with PdII and CuII Chromophoric Complexes with Tridentate Bent Ligands Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Borbone Fabio , Carella Antonio , Caruso Ugo , Roviello Giuseppina , Tuzi Angela , Dardano Principia , Lettieri Stefano , Maddalena Pasqualino , Barsella Alberto 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo N‐salicylidene‐N′‐acylhydrazines tridentate ligands containing heterocycles were prepared and utilized for the synthesis of mononuclear acentric complexes of CuII and PdII and pyridine serves as an additional ligand (MLxPy, M = metal, Lx = ligand). Characterization also includes single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. These complexesshow high second‐order nonlinear optical activity (μβ = 620 × 10–48esu for both CuLIIPy and PdLIIPy and μβ = 1600 × 10–48 and 1400 × 10–48 esu for CuLIPy and PdLIPy, respectively, at incident wavelength of 1907 nm). The properties of polymers (PMLx) obtained by grafting poly(4‐vinylpyridine) with fragments of the complexes are also reported. The polymers exhibit good thermal stability, high glass‐transition temperatures and the absence of crystallinity. The second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of thin, transparent poled films, prepared by spin coating and thermal corona poling, were investigated for some of the polymers. The value of the d33 parameter was measured at 1064 and 1500 nm (i.e., with and without resonance contribute). In the latter case, the d33 values are 21 and 12 pm/V for PCuLII and PPdLII, respectively. A high time stability of the NLO properties of these materials was found. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A comparison of forest and moorland stream microclimate, heat exchanges and thermal dynamics
Authors: Hannah David M. , Malcolm Iain A. , Soulsby Chris , Youngson Alan F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAlthough the importance of riparian forest in moderating stream temperature variability is recognized, most previous research focuses on conifer harvesting effects and summer maximum temperature with highly variable findings. This article compares stream temperature, microclimate and heat exchange dynamics between semi‐natural forest and moorland (no trees) reaches in the Scottish Cairngorms over two calendar years to provide a longer‐term perspective. Mean daily water column temperature is warmer for moorland than forest in late winter–early spring, but cooler in summer. Daily water column temperature range is greater for moorland than forest. Streambed temperature dynamics are markedly different between reaches, reflecting contrasting groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions. Mean, minimum and maximum daily air temperature is cooler, humidity is lower, and wind speed is much higher for moorland than forest on average. Net radiation is the dominant heat sink in autumn–winter and major heat source in spring–summer for moorland and summer for forest. Net radiation is greater in summer and lower in winter for moorland than forest. Sensible heat is an energy source in autumn–winter and sink in spring–summer, with loss (gain) greater in summer (winter) for moorland than forest. Latent heat is predominantly a sink for both reaches, with magnitude and variability higher for moorland than forest. Streambed heat flux is much smaller than fluxes at the air–water interface, with moorland and forest illustrating seasonal and between‐reach differences attributable to different GW–SW interactions. Seasonal patterns in stream energy budget partitioning are illustrated schematically. To our knowledge, this is the first such study of mixed woodland, which generates notably different results to work on coniferous forest. This research provides a process basis to model stream thermal impact of changes in forest practice, and so inform decision making by land and water resource managers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of seasonal adjustment on the properties of business cycle regimes
Authors: Matas‐Mir Antonio , Osborn Denise R. , Lombardi Marco J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe study the impact of seasonal adjustment on the properties of business cycle expansion and recession regimes using analytical, simulation and empirical methods. Analytically, we show that the X‐11 adjustment filter both reduces the magnitude of change at turning points and reduces the depth of recessions, with specific effects depending on the length of the recession. A Monte Carlo analysis using Markov‐switching models confirms these properties, with particularly undesirable effects in delaying the recognition of the end of a recession. However, seasonal adjustment can help to clarify the true regime when this is well underway. These results continue to hold when a seasonally non‐stationary process with regime‐dependent mean is misspecified as one with deterministic seasonal effects. The empirical findings, based on four coincident US business cycle indicators, reinforce the analytical and simulation results by showing that seasonal adjustment leads to the identification of longer and shallower recessions than obtained using unadjusted data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring goal‐setting as a tool for leadership development
Authors: Kaufman Eric K. , Israel Glenn D. , Rudd Rick D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGoal‐setting theory is based on the premise that conscious goals affect action and is supported by four decades of research and more than 1,000 scholarly publications. Although the theory has been widely applied in management settings, it is an underused framework in the broader field of leadership development. This study considers the effects of goal‐setting as applied in a leadership program conducted for local board members in a nonprofit membership organization, the Florida Farm Bureau Federation. A final reduced regression model explains about 25% of the variance in individual performance by considering goal specificity, goal difficulty, education level, and gender. This study has implications for professional development programming and its application of goal‐setting theory. Additional research is needed to explore further the application of goal‐setting theory in programming for volunteer leaders.
Can organizational climate be managed? Making emotions rational
Authors: Håkonsson Dorthe Døjbak , Obel Børge , Burton Richard M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA leader's job is often to attempt achieving organizational alignment. Many theories propose climate as an effective means to help leaders carry out this task. Nevertheless, our understanding of which exact actions are needed to manage climate remains somewhat diffuse. We present a new cognitiveoriented view on climate, which enables us to discuss the influence of climate on managing the balance between integration and adaptation. In this article, we argue that climate is not as easy to manage as previously argued. In the short run, climate may serve as an effective emotional inertia to maintain the system in fit, as long as it is properly perceived and supported by the leadership style. In the longer run, climate is more influential to change, making it difficult to perceive it properly. This challenge may lead to transformative changes, causing leaders to have little control.
Do all institutions benefit from leadership training? Challenging tradition through systems inquiry
Authors: Nadim Abbas , Singh Parbudyal 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThere is a fascination in the business community with leadership. There is an endless stream of training and development programs on how to become effective leaders to the extent that leadership training is now a big business. But the fascination is not restricted to the business community. People are enthralled by the idea of leadership, search for more information on it, and truly believe that by becoming a leader, they can reach a more desirable future. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that all organizations do not benefit universally from their investment in employees' leadership training. After reviewing the leadership literature and systems concepts, it is recommended that the redesign of an organization in a social systemic framework will lead to optimization of benefit from leadership training.
Non–contrast‐enhanced MR angiography of the thoracic aorta using cardiac and navigator‐gated magnetization‐prepared three‐dimensional steady‐state free precession
Authors: Amano Yasuo , Takahama Katsuya , Kumita Shinichiro 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurposeTo assess the usefulness of non–contrast‐enhanced MR angiography using cardiac and navigator‐gated magnetization‐prepared three‐dimensional (3D) steady‐state free precession (SSFP) imaging for the diagnosis of diseases of the thoracic aorta.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two patients with diseases of the thoracic aorta were examined using a 1.5 Tesla unit. Non–contrast‐enhanced MR angiography was done using parasagittal 3D SSFP combined with cardiac‐gating and k‐space weighted navigator‐gating techniques, using T2‐prepared and fat‐suppression pulses. Imaging quality and the diagnostic capability of this technique were compared with the imaging quality of 2D SSFP or contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography and with final diagnoses.ResultsNon–contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography provided signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios of the thoracic aorta comparable to non–contrast‐enhanced 2D or contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography (P > 0.17). This imaging technique gave accurate diagnoses in 19 of the 22 patients.ConclusionNon–contrast‐enhanced MR angiography using cardiac and navigator‐gated magnetization‐prepared 3D SSFP technique was useful for the diagnosis of diseases of the thoracic aorta. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptotic insults to human chondrocytes induced by sodium nitroprusside are involved in sequential events, including cytoskeletal remodeling, phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase‐1/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, and Bax‐Mitochondria‐Mediated caspase activation
Authors: Cherng Yih‐Giun , Chang Hua‐Chia , Lin Yi‐Ling , Kuo Ming‐Liang , Chiu Wen‐Ta , Chen Ruei‐Ming 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) can regulate chondrocyte activities. This study was aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)‐induced insults to human chondrocytes. Exposure of human chondrocytes to SNP increased cellular NO levels but decreased cell viability in concentration‐ and time‐dependent manners. SNP time dependently induced DNA fragmentation and cell apoptosis. Treatment with 2‐phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazoline‐1‐oxyl 3‐oxide, an NO scavenger, significantly lowered SNP‐induced cell injuries. Administration of SNP interrupted F‐actin and microtubule cytoskeletons and stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase‐1 (MEKK1) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). Similar to SNP, cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of F‐actin formation, disturbed F‐actin polymerization and increased MEKK1 and JNK activations. Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of MEKK1 (dnMEK1) in human chondrocytes significantly ameliorated SNP‐induced cell apoptosis. Exposure to SNP promoted Bax translocation from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, but application of dnMEKK1 lowered the translocation. SNP time dependently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, complex I NADH dehydrogenase activity, and cellular ATP levels, but increased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Activities of caspase‐9, ‐3, and ‐6 were sequentially increased by SNP administration. This study shows that SNP can induce apoptosis of human chondrocytes through sequential events, including cytoskeletal remodeling, activation of MEKK1/JNK, Bax translocation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1018–1026, 2008
Chromatographic separation of cytidine triphosphate from fermentation broth of yeast using anion‐exchange cryogel
Authors: Wang Lianghua , Shen Shaochuan , Yun Junxian , Yao Kejian , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA novel separation method was developed to isolate directly cytidine triphosphate (CTP) from fermentation broth of yeast using anion‐exchange supermacroporous cryogel. The anion‐exchange cryogel with tertiary amine groups was prepared by graft polymerization. The breakthrough characteristics and elution performance of pure CTP in the cryogel bed were investigated experimentally and the CTP binding capacity was determined. Then the separation experiments of CTP from crude fermentation broth of yeast using the cryogel column were carried out using deionized water and 0.01 M HCl as washing buffer, respectively. The chromatographic behavior was monitored and analyzed. The purity and concentration of the obtained CTP in these processes were determined quantitatively by HPLC. The maximal purity of CTP obtained at the condition of 0.01 M HCl as washing buffer and 0.5 M NaCl in 0.01 M HCl as elution buffer reached 93%.
Investigation of the retention mechanism of naphthol and benzenediol on calix[4]arene stationary phase based on quantum chemistry calculations
Authors: Hu Kai , Qu Kang , Li Yongbo , Ding Chenghua , Wang Xie , Zhang Junqiang , Ye Baoxian , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCalixarenes are macrocyclic oligomers having the shape of a conical vase. Their inner cavity can accommodate various guest molecules, i. e. form supramolecules. Thus, calixarenes can be employed to manipulate selectivity in separation sciences. The essential step of separation is the interaction between calixarene and analytes. Therefore, in the present work, the retention mechanisms of benzenediol and naphthol positional isomers on a calix[4]arene column were investigated. The optimized supramolecular structures showed that there exist hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions for benzenediol, and for naphthol the π–π interactions dominate. Thermodynamic results from quantum chemistry calculations using DFT‐B3LYP/STO‐3G** basis set were consistent with the retention behaviors of benzenediol and naphthol positional isomers on the calix[4]arene column. This work will provide theoretical support for the design of new calixarene stationary phases.