bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Reigstad Bjørn , Jørgensen Kirsti , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: June 2006

Background:  Little is known about the extent of pain among adolescent psychiatric patients, and the relationships with psychosocial factors and psychiatric symptoms.Method:  A representative sample of 129 adolescent patients were assessed with measures including the Youth Self‐Report, the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and instruments assessing self‐perceptions, coping styles, stresses, sociodemographic factors, and childhood abuse.Results:  More than half of the adolescents (54%) reported to be bothered currently by frequent pain. Frequent pain correlated with depression, self‐harm, suicide attempt, and with ruminative and emotion oriented coping. Adolescents suffering from frequent pain had more often experienced childhood abuse/neglect. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, alcohol intoxication and childhood neglect were the strongest concurrent predictors of frequent pain.Conclusions:  Clinicians should ask child and adolescent psychiatric patients about pain, and be aware of possible connections with abuse/neglect, depression and suicidality.
Predictors of Physicians’ Involvement in Addressing Sexual Health Issues
Authors: Tsimtsiou Zoi , Hatzimouratidis Konstantinos , Nakopoulou Evangelia , Kyrana Evie , Salpigidis George , Hatzichristou Dimitris 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Although the World Health Organization has declared that sexual health is an integral part of overall health, physicians seem to engage in taking the sexual health history less than their patients would desire. This study aimed at investigating the factors that predict physicians’ involvement in addressing sexual health issues, including their attitudes toward the doctor–patient relationship, as well as sexual issues.

Methods
Physicians participating in educational courses on erectile dysfunction were the study sample, and anonymously and optionally completed a battery of questionnaires. In addition to demographics and a questionnaire on their involvement in taking sexual histories, the beliefs about the doctor–patient relationship were measured by the Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale, while the Physician Belief Scale was used as the measurement of the psychosocial aspects of patient care. Finally, participants completed the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory––Attitude subscale, in order to determine the possible role of physicians’ sexual attitudes.

Results
Previous training in communication skills was found to be the strongest predictor for sexual history taking. Physicians addressing patients’ psychosocial concerns were found to be more likely to ask for sexual health problems and to consider their management as less difficult. Other identified predictors of their involvement in sexual history taking were their medical specialty—possibly reflecting their level of education in sexual medicine––and having liberal sexual attitudes; female physicians and general practitioners reported more difficulty in dealing with sexual problems.

Conclusions
Physicians’ training in communication skills seems to be fundamental for sexual history taking and the management of sexual problems, as it improves their level of comfort in dealing with sexual issues; exposure to sexual medicine courses, and psychosocial orientation, as well as physicians’ personal sexual attitudes, are also important factors affecting their involvement in sexual medicine.
Determinants of Patient Satisfaction Following Penile Prosthesis Surgery
Authors: Akin-Olugbade Oluyemi , Parker Marilyn , Guhring Patricia , Mulhall John 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Penile prosthetic surgery is associated with satisfaction rates &gt;90% for the general penile implant population. It is suggested that satisfaction rates may be lower in certain populations. This study was undertaken to define potential predictors of satisfaction.

Methods
Patients undergoing penile prosthesis surgery completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) prior to surgery, and the IIEF and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaires at least 6 months postoperatively accompanied by a Global Satisfaction Question (GSQ).

Results
A total of 114 patients constituted the study population. Subgroups evaluated included patients with Peyronie’s disease (PD), body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30 kg/m2, radical prostatectomy (RP), and patient age &gt; 70 years. The mean patient age and duration of ED were 59 ± 14 and 3.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively. All groups demonstrated statistically significant differences between pre- and postoperative scores for the IIEF and EDITS. Patients with PD, a history of RP, and BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2 had significantly lower scores on the GSQ, IIEF satisfaction domain, and EDITS compared with the general implant population. Only PD impacted negatively on the postoperative IIEF erectile function domain score. On the multivariate analysis, factors associated with ≥5-point difference in the IIEF satisfaction domain score compared with the general implant population were PD (RR = 4.2), RP (RR = 2.2), and BMI &gt; 30 (RR = 1.8).

Conclusions
These data suggest that men diagnosed with PD, BMI &gt; 30, or previous RP undergoing penile prosthesis surgery have lower satisfaction rates than the general penile implant population.
Is Obtaining an Arrestee's DNA a Valid Special Needs Search under the Fourth Amendment? What Should (and Will) the Supreme Court Do?
Authors: Maclin Tracey 
Published: June 2006

In the past twenty years, advances in forensic DNA technology have revolutionized the American criminal justice system. The use of forensic DNA testing in America began in 1987, and its demonstrated scientific accuracy quickly led jurisdictions to accept expert testimony regarding DNA matches between suspects and crime scene evidence. Wielding the power to exonerate the innocent and apprehend the guilty, the use of DNA identification technology has become an indispensable resource for prosecutors and law enforcement officials, as well as for defense lawyers representing persons falsely accused or wrongfully convicted of crimes they did not commit. As states began to compile DNA profiles from convicted offenders, the need for a repository for these profiles resulted in the DNA database.Originally, DNA databases included only “those classes of offenders with a high recidivism rate, such as sex offenders and violent felons.” Recognizing the crime-solving potential of this technology, state legislatures soon began to expand the scope of DNA database statutes to include broader classes of offenders.
Who Needs Special Needs? On the Constitutionality of Collecting DNA and other Biometric Data from Arrestees
Authors: Kaye D. H. 
Published: June 2006

For years, the collection of DNA samples from individuals arrested for criminal misconduct has been advocated by police officials and endorsed by politicians. Louisiana, Virginia, California, and South Dakota have adopted laws to add DNA profiles derived from these samples to their DNA databases. Texas provides for DNA to be taken after indictment but before conviction. Although the U.S. Department of Justice initially shied away from the issue, the DNA Fingerprint Act of 20055 authorizes the collection of DNA from individuals arrested for violations of certain federal criminal laws, and the inclusion in the national DNA database of all profiles from states that type DNA prior to conviction.But are these laws constitutional? In an article in a previous issue of this journal, and reprinted in this issue, Professor Tracey Maclin concludes that fidelity to precedent should lead the Supreme Court to strike down the Louisiana and Virginia laws as violations of the Fourth Amendment.
Social and Ethical Issues in the Use of Familial Searching in Forensic Investigations: Insights from Family and Kinship Studies
Authors: Haimes Erica 
Published: June 2006

Since its origins in the mid-1980s, DNA profiling has become the most powerful tool for identification in contemporary society. Practitioners have deployed it to determine parentage, verify claims to identity in various civil contexts, identify bodies in wars and mass disasters, and infer the identity of individuals who have left biological traces at crime scenes. Thus DNA profiling can be used to implicate or exonerate individuals from participation in particular social relations and activities; this affords it a growing importance in major social institutions such as the family, the criminal justice system, immigration services, and health services. There are key state, security, civil liberty, personal, and commercial considerations surrounding the reliability and social implications of DNA profiling in establishing the identities of “family members,” “claimants,” “customers,” “suspects,” and “citizens.”Given that DNA profiling is increasingly influential in forensic inquiries, the recently-developed practice in the UK of “familial searching” of DNA databases has the potential to become a significant aspect of investigations.
Genes and Antisocial Behavior: Perceived versus Real Threats to Jurisprudence
Authors: Carey Gregory , Gottesman Irving I. 
Published: June 2006

Combine the following: medicine, ethics, jurisprudence, behavioral genetics, and antisocial behavior (ASB). Given our level of scientific knowledge today, this combination is more akin to a cerebral smorgasbord than to a dinner where starter, entree, wine, and dessert are carefully chosen to complement one another. Hence, any survey of menus must be highly selective. We accept as a given that there is a noteworthy genetic influence on ASB no matter how it is defined. In terms of behavioral research, the magnitude of that genetic influence is substantial, but so is the impact from the environment, broadly defined to include pre-and post-natal, physical (e.g., anoxia, fetal alcohol syndrome, or crack) as well as psychosocial (e.g., quality of parenting, ethnic culture, or religion) elements.We will discuss some of the major issues raised by this fact of genetic influence that have most applicability to topics usually raised by observers outside of behavioral genetics.
Abortion: Supreme Court Avoids Disturbing Abortion Precedents by Ruling on Grounds of Remedy – Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
Authors: Law Nathaniel 
Published: June 2006

On January 18, 2006, the United States Supreme Court unanimously held that the constitutional challenge to New Hampshire's Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act would be remanded to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, to determine whether the Court of Appeals could, consistent with New Hampshire's legislative intent, formulate a narrower remedy than a permanent injunction against enforcement of the parental notification law in its entirety.In 2003, New Hampshire enacted the Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act (“The Act”). The Act specifies, in pertinent part, that “No abortion shall be performed upon an unemancipated minor or upon a female for whom a guardian or conservator has been appointed… until at least 48 hours after written notice of the pending abortion has been delivered....” The Act allows for three exceptions where a physician may perform an abortion on a minor child without parental or guardian notification.
The Value of Using Imprecise Probabilities in Engineering
Design
Authors: Aughenbaugh Jason Matthew , Paredis Christiaan J. J. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Engineering design decisions inherently are made under risk and uncertainty. The characterization of this uncertainty is an essential step in the decision process. In this paper, we consider imprecise probabilities (e.g., intervals of probabilities) to express explicitly the precision with which something is known. Imprecision can arise from fundamental indeterminacy in the available evidence or from incomplete characterizations of the available evidence and designer’s beliefs. The hypothesis is that, in engineering design decisions, it is valuable to explicitly represent this imprecision by using imprecise probabilities. This hypothesis is supported with a computational experiment in which a pressure vessel is designed using two approaches, both variations of utility-based decision making. In the first approach, the designer uses a purely probabilistic, precise best-fit normal distribution to represent uncertainty. In the second approach, the designer explicitly expresses the imprecision in the available information using a probability box, or p-box. When the imprecision is large, this p-box approach on average results in designs with expected utilities that are greater than those for designs created with the purely probabilistic approach, suggesting that there are design problems for which it is valuable to use imprecise probabilities.
A Synoptic Climatology of Summertime Heat and Humidity in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina
Authors: Chen Fan , Konrad Charles E. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The synoptic patterns and boundary layer conditions over a range of antecedent periods associated with the summertime hot events for the years 1951–93 are examined. A hot event is defined as a single day with the highest average daily temperature within a surrounding 5-day window. Among these events, four event subtypes were determined on the basis of extreme values of temperature and/or dewpoint. Composite synoptic maps and vertical profiles of atmospheric variables are produced to distinguish the hottest and moistest events. The hot events, including the extreme categories, are influenced by similar large-scale circulation features. The region is under the control of the Bermuda high, which is centered off the coast of Florida and in the Atlantic Ocean. An upstream 500-hPa ridge produces subsidence and adiabatic warming in the midlevels of the troposphere. Composite patterns of the hottest and moistest events indicate stronger upstream 500-hPa ridging and upper-level subsidence, which suggest greater suppression of local convection and reduction in the upward turbulence transfer of surface sensible heat and water vapor. The moistest events are tied to considerably greater antecedent precipitation, which suggests increased evapotranspiration and accumulation of water vapor near the ground. The extreme hot and humid events are also associated with greater accumulated precipitation hours in the antecedent periods, especially on a 30-day scale. The hottest events also have less sky cover in the 30-day antecedent period, allowing more insolation and surface heating. The extreme events also have greater atmospheric thickness, lighter winds, and greater westerly component in the winds. Synoptic analysis shows that low-level thermal and moisture advection are not significant contributors to the heat and moisture in the extreme events of the Piedmont region.
The Role of Climate Forecasts in Western U.S. Power Planning
Authors: Voisin Nathalie , Hamlet Alan F. , Graham L. Phil , Pierce David W. , Barnett Tim P. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The benefits of potential electric power transfers between the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and California (CA) are evaluated using a linked set of hydrologic, reservoir, and power demand simulation models for the Columbia River and the Sacramento–San Joaquin reservoir systems. The models provide a framework for evaluating climate-related variations and long-range predictability of regional electric power demand, hydropower production, and the benefits of potential electric power transfers between the PNW and CA. The period of analysis is 1917–2002. The study results show that hydropower production and regional electric power demands in the PNW and CA are out of phase seasonally but that hydropower productions in the PNW and CA have strongly covaried on an annual basis in recent decades. Winter electric power demand and spring and annual hydropower production in the PNW are related to both El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) through variations in winter climate. Summer power demand in CA is related primarily to variations in the PDO in spring. Hydropower production in CA, despite recent covariation with the PNW, is not strongly related to ENSO variability overall. Primarily because of strong variations in supply in the PNW, potential hydropower transfers between the PNW and CA in spring and summer are shown to be correlated to ENSO and PDO, and the conditional probability distributions of these transfers are therefore predictable with long lead times. Such electric power transfers are estimated to have potential average annual benefits of $136 and $79 million for CA and the PNW, respectively, at the year-2000 regional demand level. These benefits are on average 11%–27% larger during cold ENSO/PDO events and are 16%–30% lower during warm ENSO/PDO events. Power transfers from the PNW to CA and hydropower production in CA are comparable in magnitude, on average.
Inconsistencies in the “New” Windchill Chart at Low Wind Speeds
Authors: Shitzer Avraham , de Dear Richard 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
An apparent error was detected in the calculation of windchill equivalent temperatures (WCETs) in the “new” chart and corresponding equation that were adopted in 2001 by the weather services in the United States and Canada. The problem is caused by significant discontinuities in WCETs at the assumed “calm” wind speed condition of 1.34 m s−1. As a result, published WCETs are not equal to, as they should be by definition, but are lower than air temperatures at the assumed calm wind speed condition. This inconsistency further propagates to higher wind speeds beyond the assumed calm condition. In this paper, a straightforward correction is proposed to circumvent these inconsistencies of the new windchill. The proposed correction makes this transition gradual rather than abrupt by applying it to the expression used for estimating the effects of wind on the convective heat exchange coefficient between humans and their cold and windy environment.
MBD2 is a critical component of a methyl cytosine-binding protein complex isolated from primary erythroid cells
Authors: Kransdorf Evan P. , Wang Shou Zhen , Zhu Sheng Zu , Langston Timothy B. , Rupon Jeremy W. , Ginder Gordon D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe chicken embryonic β-type globin gene, ρ, is a member of a small group of vertebrate genes whose developmentally regulated expression is mediated by DNA methylation. Previously, we have shown that a methyl cytosine-binding complex binds to the methylated ρ-globin gene in vitro. We have now chromatographically purified and characterized this complex from adult chicken primary erythroid cells. Four components of the MeCP1 transcriptional repression complex were identified: MBD2, RBAP48, HDAC2, and MTA1. These 4 proteins, as well as the zinc-finger protein p66 and the chromatin remodeling factor Mi2, were found to coelute by gel-filtration analysis and pull-down assays. We conclude that these 6 proteins are components of the MeCPC. In adult erythrocytes, significant enrichment for MBD2 is seen at the inactive ρ-globin gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, whereas no enrichment is observed at the active βA-globin gene, demonstrating MBD2 binds to the methylated and transcriptionally silent ρ-globin gene in vivo. Knock-down of MBD2 resulted in up-regulation of a methylated ρ-gene construct in mouse erythroleukemic (MEL)-ρ cells. These results represent the first purification of a MeCP1-like complex from a primary cell source and provide support for a role for MBD2 in developmental gene regulation.
A prospective cohort study on the absolute incidence of venous thromboembolism and arterial cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic carriers of the prothrombin 20210A mutation
Authors: Coppens Michiel , van de Poel Marlene H. , Bank Ivan , Hamulyak Karly , van der Meer Jan , Veeger Nic J. , Prins Martin H. , Buller Harry R. , Middeldorp Saskia 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe prothrombin 20210A mutation has been associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial cardiovascular disease. The risks for asymptomatic carriers of this mutation have thus far been studied only in case-control and retrospective cohort studies. Here we present the results of the first prospective observational study in asymptomatic first-degree family members of patients with either VTE or premature atherosclerosis and the prothrombin 20210A mutation. We included 464 individuals (236 carriers) with a total follow-up duration of 1816 years (943 years for the carriers). The annual incidence of a first VTE was 0.37% (95% CI, 0.08-1.08) for carriers and 0.12% (95% CI, 0.00-0.69) for noncarriers (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.3-29.6). The annual incidence of a first arterial cardiovascular event was 0.56% (95% CI, 0.18-1.31) for carriers and 0.73% (95% CI, 0.27-1.58) for noncarriers (adjusted HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.2-2.5). We conclude that the absolute incidence of a first VTE or arterial cardiovascular event is low; therefore, the clinical implications of carriership of the prothrombin 20210A mutation are limited, and routinely testing all first-degree relatives of probands with this mutation does not appear to be justified.
Assigning sex to pre-adult stalk-eyed flies using genital disc morphology and X chromosome zygosity
Authors: Carr Martin , Cotton Samuel , Rogers David W , Pomiankowski Andrew , Smith Hazel , Fowler Kevin 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
In stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) the eyes and antennae are laterally displaced at the ends of elongated eyestalks. Eyespan and the degree of sexual dimorphism in eyespan vary considerably between species and several sexually dimorphic species show sexual selection through female mate preference for males with exaggerated eyespan. The genes on which selection acts to regulate eyespan remain to be identified. This could be achieved by comparing gene expression during eyestalk development in males and females if the sex of pre-adult flies could be reliably assigned. Here we describe two techniques, one morphological and one microsatellite-based, that identify the sex of stalk-eyed fly larvae and pupae.

Results
We showed that genital discs of the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni have two highly distinct morphologies, compact ("C") and lobed ("L"). Segment composition (revealed by Engrailed expression) was consistent with C morphology being typical of males and L morphology of females. We confirmed the proposed association between disc morphology and sex by evaluating the combined heterozygosity of four X-linked microsatellite markers. We demonstrated that individuals with C genital discs had hemizygous (male) genotypes while those with L discs were heterozygous (female) genotypes. Similar dimorphism in genital disc morphology was observed in eight other species spanning three representative Diopsid genera. In every case the segment composition supported C morphology being male and L morphology female. We assigned larval sex by C or L morphology and compared cell division frequencies in male and female eye-antennal discs in two species (T. dalmanni and Diasemopsis meigenii) sexually dimorphic for eyespan. The number of mitotic (anti-H3-labelled) cells did not differ between the sexes in either species.

Conclusion
We have made novel use of two complementary techniques for identifying the sex of pre-adult stalk-eyed flies. These procedures will facilitate studies of the evolution of sexually dimorphic development in a variety of other species. Morphology and En expression in male and female genital discs are highly conserved within each genus of Diopsidae. Finally, sexual dimorphism for eyespan in two Diopsid species is unlikely to be due to an increased rate of cell division at the third larval instar in males.