bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy As Primary Treatment for Stage IE and IIE Nasal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Li Ye-Xiong , Yao Bo , Jin Jing , Wang Wei-Hu , Liu Yue-Ping , Song Yong-Wen , Wang Shu-Lian , Liu Xin-Fan , Zhou Li-Qiang , He Xiao-Hui , Lu Ning , Yu Zi-Hao 
Published: December 2005

Purpose The optimal therapy remains unclear for nasal natural killer (NK)/T–cell lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to analyze the outcome of radiotherapy as the primary treatment for localized stage IE and IIE diseases. Patients and Methods One hundred five patient cases were reviewed. There were 83 stage IE and 22 stage IIE patients. All except three patients received radiotherapy (RT) alone or RT combined with chemotherapy (CT; combined-modality therapy [CMT]). Overall, 31 patients were treated with RT alone, 34 with RT followed by CT, 37 with CT followed by RT, and three with CT alone. Results Five-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients were 71% and 59%, respectively. The 5-year OS and PFS were 78% and 63% for stage IE, and 46% and 40% for stage IIE, respectively. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 91 patients (87%) after RT and/or CT. Initial RT resulted in a superior CR as compared with initial CT, with 54 (83%) of 65 patients achieving CR with initial RT, versus only eight (20%) of 40 after initial CT. For 102 patients who received RT with or without CT, the outcome of primary treatment with RT alone was compared with that of CMT. Five-year OS and PFS was 66% and 61% for RT alone, and 76% and 61%% for CMT, respectively (OS, P = .6433; PFS, P = .8391). Conclusion RT as primary therapy resulted in good outcome in early-stage disease, and the addition of CT to RT was not accompanied by an improvement in survival.
Salvage Radioimmunotherapy With Murine Iodine-131–Labeled Antitenascin Monoclonal Antibody 81C6 for Patients With Recurrent Primary and Metastatic Malignant Brain Tumors: Phase II Study Results
Authors: Reardon David A. , Akabani Gamal , Coleman R. Edward , Friedman Allan H. , Friedman Henry S. , Herndon James E. , McLendon Roger E. , Pegram Charles N. , Provenzale James M. , Quinn Jennifer A. , Rich Jeremy N. , Vredenburgh James J. , Desjardins Annick , Guruangan Sri , Badruddoja Michael , Dowell Jeanette M. , Wong Terence Z. , Zhao Xiao-Guang , Zalutsky Michael R. , Bigner Darell D. 
Published: December 2005

Purpose To assess the efficacy and toxicity of intraresection cavity iodine-131–labeled murine antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 (131I-m81C6) among recurrent malignant brain tumor patients. Patients and Methods In this phase II trial, 100 mCi of 131I-m81C6 was injected directly into the surgically created resection cavity (SCRC) of 43 patients with recurrent malignant glioma (glioblastoma multiforme [GBM], n = 33; anaplastic astrocytoma [AA], n = 6; anaplastic oligodendroglioma [AO], n = 2; gliosarcoma [GS], n = 1; and metastatic adenocarcinoma, n = 1) followed by chemotherapy. Results With a median follow-up of 172 weeks, 63% and 59% of patients with GBM/GS and AA/AO tumors were alive at 1 year. Median overall survival for patients with GBM/GS and AA/AO tumors was 64 and 99 weeks, respectively. Ten patients (23%) developed acute hematologic toxicity. Five patients (12%) developed acute reversible neurotoxicity. One patient (2%) developed irreversible neurotoxicity. No patients required reoperation for radionecrosis. Conclusion In this single-institution phase II study, administration of 100 mCi of 131I-m81C6 to recurrent malignant glioma patients followed by chemotherapy is associated with a median survival that is greater than that of historical controls treated with surgery plus iodine-125 brachytherapy. Furthermore, toxicity was acceptable. Administration of a fixed millicurie dose resulted in a wide range of absorbed radiation doses to the SCRC. We are now conducting a phase II trial, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, using patient-specific 131I-m81C6 dosing, to deliver 44 Gy to the SCRC followed by standardized chemotherapy. A phase III multicenter trial with patient-specific dosing is planned.
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Lung: A Prognostic Spectrum
Authors: Asamura Hisao , Kameya Toru , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Noguchi Masayuki , Tada Hirohito , Ishikawa Yuichi , Yokose Tomoyuki , Jiang Shi-Xu , Inoue Takeshi , Nakagawa Ken , Tajima Kinuko , Nagai Kanji 
Published: December 2005

Purpose Neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the lung include typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large-cell NE carcinoma (LCNEC), and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Their clinicopathologic profiles and relative grade of malignancy have not been defined. Patients and Methods From 10 Japanese institutes, 383 surgically resected pulmonary NE tumors were collected. The histologic diagnosis was determined by the consensus of a pathology panel consisting of six expert pathologists as TC, AC, LCNEC, or SCLC on the basis of the WHO classification, and its relationship to clinicopathologic profiles was analyzed. Results Of the 383 tumors, 18 were excluded because of an improper specimen. The pathology panel reviewed the remaining 366 tumors, and a diagnosis of NE tumor was made in 318 patients (87.4%); 55 patients had TC, nine had AC, 141 had LCNEC, and 113 had SCLC. The 5-year survival rates of patients with all stages were as follows: 96.2% for TC, 77.8% for AC, 40.3% for LCNEC, and 35.7% for SCLC. There was significant prognostic difference between TC and AC as well as between AC and LCNEC+SCLC. However, there was no difference between LCNEC and SCLC, and their survival curves were superimposed. The multivariate analysis indicated that histologic type, completeness of resection, symptoms, nodal involvement, and age were significantly prognostic. Conclusion The grade of malignancy of NE tumors was upgraded in the following order: TC, AC, LCNEC, and SCLC. No prognostic difference was noted between LCNEC and SCLC. The high-grade NE histology uniformly indicated poor prognosis regardless of its histologic type.
Extranodal Natural Killer T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal-Type: A Prognostic Model From a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Lee Jeeyun , Suh Cheolwon , Park Yeon Hee , Ko Young H. , Bang Soo Mee , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Dae Ho , Huh Jooryung , Oh Sung Yong , Kwon Hyuk-Chan , Kim Hyo Jin , Lee Soon Il , Kim Jung Han , Park Jinny , Oh Seok Joong , Kim Kihyun , Jung Chulwon , Park Keunchil , Kim Won Seog 
Published: December 2005

Purpose Patients with natural killer T (NK/T) -cell lymphomas have poor survival outcome, and for this condition there is no optimal therapy. The purpose of this study was to design a prognostic model specifically for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, which can identify high-risk patients who need more aggressive therapy. Patients and Methods This multicenter retrospective study was comprised of 262 patients who were diagnosed with NK/T-cell lymphoma. Results After a median follow-up duration of 51.2 months, 5-year overall survival rate in 262 patients was 49.5%. Prognostic factors for survival were “B” symptoms (P = .0003; relative risk, 2.202; 95% CI, 1.446 to 3.353), stage (P = .0006; relative risk, 2.366; 95% CI, 1.462 to 3.828), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = .0005; relative risk, 2.278; 95% CI, 1.442 to 3.598), and regional lymph nodes (P = .0044; relative risk, 1.546; 95% CI, 1.009 to 2.367). Of 262 patients, 219 had complete information on four parameters. We identified four different risk groups: group 1, no adverse factor; group 2, one factor; group 3, two factors; and group 4, three or four factors. The new model showed a superior prognostic discrimination as compared with the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Notably, the distribution of patients was balanced when a new model was adopted (group 1, 27%; group 2, 31%; group 3, 20%; group 4, 22%), whereas 81% of patients were categorized as low or low-intermediate risks using IPI. Conclusion The newly proposed model for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma demonstrated a more balanced distribution of patients into four groups with better prognostic discrimination as compared with the IPI.
Catatonic Schizophrenia and the Use of Memantine
Authors: Carpenter Stacey S , Hatchett A Daniel , Fuller Matthew A 
Published: December 2005

Objective: To report a case of catatonic schizophrenia treated with memantine that resulted in a rapid reduction of catatonic symptoms. Case Summary: A 68-year-old male with catatonic schizophrenia presented with bizarre and catatonic behavior manifested by mutism, waxy flexibility, immobility, staring, nonresponsiveness to verbal commands, grimacing, rigidity, and posturing. During the course of his hospitalization, he was treated with memantine up to 10 mg/day. The catatonia responded rapidly and significantly to memantine. Discussion: Few treatment options are available for the management of catatonia. Lorazepam is generally the agent that has been used most often and has had varying degrees of success. Our report adds to a recently published case that also suggested that memantine might be useful for the management of catatonic behaviors in a patient with schizophrenia. While its mechanism of action is unknown, it has been thought that glutamate antagonists, such as memantine, may be beneficial in catatonic schizophrenia due to a glutamatergic dysfunction present in catatonic patients. It also has been hypothesized that there is a decrease in γ-aminobutyric acid released to the supplementary motor areas, resulting in less glutamate inhibition. This results in a net effect of glutamatergic hyperfunction in the striatum, which may produce catatonia. Based on this hypothesis, memantine would be beneficial as an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist to decrease the amount of glutamate in the striatum and thereby relieve symptoms of catatonia. However, these potential benefits must be weighed against recently reported adverse reactions associated with memantine use, namely, psychosis and seizures. Conclusions: Memantine produced a rapid and significant reduction in catatonic symptoms in our patient with catatonic schizophrenia.
Analysis of Severe Adverse Events Related to the Use of Mifepristone as an Abortifacient
Authors: Gary Margaret M , Harrison Donna J 
Published: December 2005

Background: The systematic analysis of morbidity and mortality for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medical abortion regimen using mifepristone is possible using data from the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System. Objective: To assess mifepristone's mortality, morbidity, sentinel events, and quality of postmarketing surveillance using mifepristone adverse event reports (AERs). Methods: Six hundred seven unique mifepristone AERs submitted to the FDA over a 4 year span were coded using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Coding was based only on data in AERs and may underestimate severity and treatment rendered. Two board-certified obstetrician/gynecologists, the authors, made individual evaluations, compared them, and agreed upon final coding. Results: The most frequent AERs were hemorrhage (n = 237) and infection (66). Hemorrhages included 1 fatal, 42 life threatening, and 168 serious cases; 68 required transfusions. Infections included 7 cases of septic shock (3 fatal, 4 life threatening) and 43 cases requiring parenteral antibiotics. Surgical interventions were required in 513 cases (235 emergent, 278 nonemergent). Emergent cases included 17 ectopic pregnancies (11 ruptured). Second trimester viability was documented in 22 cases (9 lost to follow-up, 13 documented fetal outcome). Of the 13 documented cases, 9 were terminated without comment on fetal morphology, 1 was enrolled in fetal registry, and 3 fetuses were diagnosed with serious malformations, suggesting a malformation rate of 23%. Conclusions: Hemorrhage and infection are the leading causes of mifepristone-related morbidity and mortality. AERs relied upon by the FDA to monitor mifepristone's postmarketing safety are grossly deficient due to extremely poor quality.
Evaluation of pituitary function in the fatigued patient: a review of 59 cases
Authors: Greenfield Jerry R , Samaras Katherine 
Published: December 2005

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the results of dynamic pituitary testing in patients presenting with fatigue.Methods: We reviewed clinical histories and insulin tolerance test (ITT) results of 59 patients who presented with fatigue and other symptoms of glucocorticoid insufficiency over a 4-year period. All patients referred for ITT had an early-morning cortisol level of <400 nM and a low or normal ACTH level.Results: Peak cortisol and GH responses following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were normal in only seven patients (12%). Median age of the remaining 52 patients was 47 years (range, 17–67 years); all but five were female. Common presenting symptoms were neuroglycopaenia (n= 47), depression (n= 37), arthralgia and myalgia (n= 28), weight gain (n= 25), weight loss (n= 9), postural dizziness (n= 15) and headaches (n= 13). Other medical history included autoimmune disease (n= 20; particularly Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease and coeliac disease), postpartum (n= 8) and gastrointestinal (n= 2) haemorrhage and hyperprolactinaemia (n= 13). 31 subjects had peak cortisol levels of <500 nM (suggestive of ACTH deficiency; 18 of whom had levels < 400 nM) and a further six had indeterminate results (500–550 nM). The remaining 15 subjects had normal cortisol responses (median 654 nM; range, 553–1062 nM) but had low GH levels following hypoglycaemic stimulation (5.9 mU/l; 3–11.6 mU/l).Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients presenting with fatigue and symptoms suggestive of hypocortisolism should be considered for screening for secondary adrenal insufficiency, particularly in the presence of autoimmune disease or a history of postpartum or gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Whether physiological glucocorticoid replacement improves symptoms in this patient group is yet to be established.
Adiponectin and the development of diabetes in patients with coronary artery disease and impaired fasting glucose
Authors: Knobler Hilla , Benderly Michal , Boyko Valentina , Behar Shlomo , Matas Zipora , Rubinstein Ardon , Raz Itamar , Wainstein Julio 
Published: December 2005

Objectives: Adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing properties, and high adiponectin levels have been shown to be associated with reduced risk of developing diabetes. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have relatively low adiponectin levels and high prevalence of glucose intolerance. The role of adiponectin in predicting the development of diabetes in this high-risk group has not been determined. The study aimed to determine whether baseline adiponectin levels predict the development of diabetes in a group of patients with CAD and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
Methods: A total of 588 patients who participated in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study and who had at baseline fasting glucose of 100–125 mg/dl were included and followed for 6.2±1.3 years. Adiponectin was determined in frozen plasma samples taken at baseline.
Results: Of the patients with IFG at baseline, 256 (44%) developed diabetes during follow-up. The patients who developed diabetes had at baseline higher body-mass index, fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and diastolic blood pressure than patients who did not develop diabetes. Adiponectin levels at baseline were significantly lower in patients who developed diabetes than in patients who did not develop diabetes (P = 0.009, nonparametric Kruskall–Wallis test). An increase of 1 unit of natural logarithm of adiponectin level was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.61–0.96) for diabetes development.
Conclusion: Patients with CAD and IFG have a very high rate of conversion to type 2 diabetes. Even in this high-risk group, high adiponectin levels are associated with reduced risk of developing diabetes.
Three-month sustained-release triptorelin (11.25 mg) in the treatment of central precocious puberty
Authors: Carel Jean-Claude , Blumberg Joëlle , Seymour Christine , Adamsbaum Catherine , Lahlou Najiba , _ _ 
Published: December 2005

Objective: Depot GnRH agonists are commonly used in the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP). The triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-month depot, currently used in adult indications, had not previously been evaluated in CPP.
Design: This was a multicenter, open-label, 12 month trial conducted in 64 CPP children (54 girls and 10 boys), treated quarterly.
Methods: Children with a clinical onset of pubertal development before the age of 8 years (girls) or 9 years (boys), pubertal response of LH to GnRH ≥7 IU/l, advanced bone age >1 year, enlarged uterus (≥36 mm) and testosterone level ≥0.5 ng/ml (boys), were included. Suppression of gonadotropic activation, as determined from serum LH, FSH, estradiol or testosterone, and pubertal signs were assessed at Months 3, 6 and 12.
Results: GnRH-stimulated peak LH ≤3 IU/l, the main efficacy criterion, was met in 53 out of 62 (85%), 60 out of 62 (97%) and 56 out of 59 (95%) of the children at Months 3, 6 and 12 respectively. Serum FSH and sex steroids were also significantly reduced, while pubertal development regressed in most patients. Mean residual triptorelin levels were stable from Month 3 through to Month 12. The triptorelin 3-month depot was well tolerated. Severe injection pain was experienced in only one instance. Five girls experienced mild-to-moderate or severe (one girl) withdrawal bleeding.
Conclusions: The triptorelin 3-month depot efficiently suppresses the pituitary–gonadal axis and pubertal development in children with CPP. This formulation allows a 3-fold reduction, over the once-a-month depot, in the number of i.m. injections required each year.
Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): lower prevalence in southern Italy than in the USA and the influence of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS
Authors: Carmina E , Napoli N , Longo R A , Rini G B , Lobo R A 
Published: December 2005

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a common disorder and is thought to be extremely prevalent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the USA the prevalence of MBS in PCOS has been reported to be as high as 43–46% using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria. Because of differences in diet, lifestyle and genetic factors, we postulated that the prevalence of MBS might not be as high in Italian women. This study sought to determine the prevalence of MBS in Italian women using both the ATP-III and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and to determine whether the prevalence is influenced by the way in which PCOS is diagnosed.
Design: Assessment of the prevalence of MBS in 282 women with PCOS, aged 18–40 years, living in western Sicily. Eighty-five age- and weight-matched normal women served as controls.
Methods: Patients were divided into those with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism (classic PCOS; n = 225) and others with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries but who were ovulatory (ovulatory PCOS; n = 57). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was carried out, as were lipid determinations; insulin resistance was assessed by the Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). We used ATP-III and WHO criteria to diagnose MBS.
Results: Using ATP-III criteria, the prevalence of MBS was 8.2% and using WHO criteria it was 16% in Italian women with PCOS. In controls, the prevalence was 2.4% using both methods. In classic PCOS patients, MBS was higher (8.9% by ATP-III, 17.3% by WHO) than in ovulatory PCOS (5% and 10.6% respectively). Body weight significantly modified prevalence rates.
Conclusion: MBS is substantially higher in women with PCOS than in the general population, and the prevalence is higher in those women diagnosed by classic criteria. However, the prevalence of MBS in PCOS appears to be much lower in Italy than in the USA.
Hormone replacement therapy and mortality in 52- to 70-year-old women: the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study
Authors: Pentti Kati , Honkanen Risto , Tuppurainen Marjo T , Sandini Lorenzo , Kröger Heikki , Saarikoski Seppo 
Published: December 2005

Objectives: To analyze prospectively the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and mortality in women before old age.
Design and methods: A group of 11 667 women (91% of the age cohort of the area) aged 52–62 years from the population-based Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study were followed for 7 years in 1994–2001. Information about HRT use and health events was obtained from two repeated questionnaires in 1989 and 1994. Information about deaths and causes of death from the follow-up period was obtained from the Statistics Finland. Cox’s proportional-hazards models were used to calculate risk of death related to the use of HRT.
Results: At the start of follow-up, 2203 women had used HRT >5 years, 3945 women ≤5 years and 5519 women had never used it. During the follow-up, 361 deaths occurred. Compared with non-users of HRT, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death from any cause was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–1.36) in women who used HRT ≤5 years and 1.06 (95% CI 0.78–1.46) in women who used HRT >5 years. The adjusted HR for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in women who used HRT ≤5 years was 0.79 (95% CI 0.36–1.73), and in women who used HRT >5 years, 2.16 (95% CI 0.93–4.98). For breast cancer mortality the adjusted HR for ≤5 years of HRT use was 0.96 (95% CI 0.32–2.82) and 2.62 (95% CI 0.98–7.00) for >5 years of HRT use.
Conclusions: History of HRT use does not affect overall or CHD mortality in women. More than 5 years of HRT use may increase the risk of breast cancer mortality.
The relative importance of genetic and environmental effects for the early stages of thyroid autoimmunity: a study of healthy Danish twins
Authors: Hansen Pia S , Brix Thomas H , Iachine Ivan , Kyvik Kirsten O , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: December 2005

Objective: In euthyroid individuals, autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOab) and thyroglobulin (Tgab) are regarded as early markers of thyroid autoimmunity. Family and twin studies suggest that development of thyroid autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease is under genetic influence. We aimed to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental effects for the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid subjects.
Methods: A representative sample of healthy twin pairs was identified through the Danish Twin Registry; 1372 individuals, divided into 283 monozygotic (MZ), 285 dizygotic same sex (DZ), and 118 opposite sex twin pairs were investigated. Serum TPOab and serum Tgab were measured. Proband-wise concordance and intraclass correlations were calculated, and quantitative genetic modelling was performed.
Results: Probandwise concordance and intraclass correlations were consistently higher for MZ than for DZ twin pairs indicating genetic influence. Genetic components (with 95% confidence intervals) accounted for 73% (46–89%) of the liability of being thyroid antibody positive. Adjusting for covariates (age, TSH and others), the estimate for genetic influence on serum TPOab concentrations was 61% (49–70%) in males and 72% (64–79%) in females. For serum Tgab concentrations, the estimates were 39% (24–51%) and 75% (66–81%) respectively.
Conclusions: Early markers of thyroid autoimmunity appear to be under strong genetic influence. The analyses suggest that it is the same set of genes that operate in males and females. However, complex mechanisms such as dominance and/or epistasis may be involved.