bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment commitment as a moderator of the maternal employment status/child behavior relationship
Authors: Barling Julian , Fullagar Clive , Marchl‐Dingle Jenifer 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch findings suggest that maternal employment exerts no consistent detrimental effects on children. In this study, the moderating role of employment commitment and child sex on the relationship between maternal employment status and child behavior is investigated. Mothers and teachers provided behavioral ratings for 185 elementary school children (M age = 9.42 years). Employment commitment moderated the influence of employment status on mothers' and teachers' ratings of children's attention problems and immaturity: Children whose mothers' employment status and commitment were not congruent were less attentive and more immature than those whose mothers' employment status and commitment were congruent. The statistical and applied significance of these results is suggested, as is the possibility that mother‐child interactions mediate the manner in which incongruencies between employment status and employment commitment influence children's inattention‐immaturity.
On the importance of knowing the affective meaning of job demands
Authors: Payne Roy L. , Jabri Muayyad M. , Pearson Alan W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTheorizing about the effects of job demands on mental health, job satisfaction and performance can be enhanced by allowing for a more complicated view of job demands. This paper describes an empirical attempt aimed at investigating facets of job demands. It hypothesizes that (1) many individuals will agree that job demands of certain kinds and strengths, will be associated with either satisfaction, or dissatisfaction, (2) that there will be no general agreement for some types of demands. Correlational analysis was performed on two independent sets of data to test the hypotheses, which were both supported. These results raised questions about the status of the concept of demands itself and a recommendation is made that it be replaced by the more neutral term ‘job demands milieu’ which can be applied to other aspects of the job environment such as task‐based milieu, role‐based milieu, or physical environmental milieu.
Fear, victimization, and stress among urban public school teachers
Authors: Dworkin Anthony Gary , Haney C. Allen , Telschow Ruth L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractData from the National Institute of Education's Safe School Study Report suggested that teachers in American urban public schools are emotionally and physically victimized and that the result is heightened level of stress associated with teaching. This study, which is part of larger, longitudinal project, explores the linkages between reported experiences of victimization by 291 urban public school teachers and task‐specific stressors in the performance of the teaching role. The level of reported stress and nature and degree of victimization differ by the grade level taught and the race of the teacher. Generally, minority teachers (black and brown) are less likely to report being stressed or victimized than are white teachers, while elementary school teachers report their work to be most stressful. There is no evidence of a specific causal ordering between fear of victimization and teacher stress. Rather, each may feed upon and facilitate the other.
Employee behaviors before and after stress management
Authors: Murphy Lawrence R. , Sorenson Susan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA quasi‐experiment was used to compare employee behaviors before and after stress management training. Organizational records on employee absenteeism, performance ratings, equipment accidents, and work injuries were obtained for highway maintenance workers who received biofeedback (BIO=21) or muscle relaxation (MR=16) training. Similar data were gathered for a comparison group of employees who did not volunteer for training (n = 80). The pre‐training period (time 1) consisted of 2 1/2 years. The post‐training period was divided into the year immediately after training (time 2) and the following 1/2 year (time 3). Multiple regression analyses indicated that the MR (but not BIO) group variable explained unique variance in time 2 absenteeism (p < 0.05) but not in performance ratings, equipment accidents, nor work injuries (p > 0.05). Neither group entered predictive models for any measure at time 3 (p > 0.05). The results provide limited support for relaxation training offered as a prevention activity in work settings.
Religion and attitudes toward work: A new look at an old question
Authors: Chusmir Leonard H. , Koberg Christine S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of specific religions and degree of religious beliefs to various job‐related attitudes and values such as motivational needs, job satisfaction, work ethic, and work, job and organizational commitment. Subjects were 222(107 male, 115 female) managerial and non‐managerial workers in the Rocky Mountain area. Results showed no significant correlations between work‐related altitudes and specific religious affiliation or degree of religious conviction. However, religious conviction was significantly finked to organizational rank, with non‐managerial employees reporting a higher degree of religious conviction than managerial employees. Protestant workers scored higher in Protestant Work Ethic than did non‐Protestants and persons with no religious affiliation had higher need for Power than Protestants, Catholics or affiliates of Eastern religions.
Multiple roles and organizational commitment
Authors: Randall Donna M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUsing role theory as a conceptual framework, the influence of extra‐organizational ties on the employee's level of organizational commitment is explored in the present study. Two competing models of the relationship between work and outside work ties are proposed: an expansion model which holds that individuals view the available supply of energy and effort as abundant and expandable, and a scarcity model which posits that strong commitment to one role may preclude attachment to other roles. The findings reveal that level of organizational commitment is not substantively related to effort devoted to outside work claimants nor to their perceived importance. It appears that employees generally manage work and outside work spheres separately and levels of organizational commitment are relatively immune from the influence of outside work claimants.
The politics of leadership: The relationship between task‐people leadership and subordinate influence
Authors: Deluga Ronald J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present research was to investigate the political nature of leadership by examining the association of the task‐people leadership approach with strategies used by subordinates to influence their superiors. Forty‐eight faculty members (31 males and 17 females) from a school of higher education completed the T‐P Leadership Questionnaire and Profile of Organizational Influence Strategies. Reponses were analyzed using Pearson product‐moment correlations. The results indicated that as perceived task‐centered leadership increased, employees reported a significantly greater use of bargaining, assertiveness, higher authority, and coalition as strategies to influence their superiors. The relationships were observed only during second influence attempts. Further, it was observed that as the perceived level of people‐centered leadership behavior rose, subordinates reported a significantly decreased use of bargaining and higher authority as influence strategies during first influence attempts. The findings are discussed in terms of the reciprocal and political character of managerial‐ subordinate relationships.
Reactions to physically dangerous work: A conceptual and empirical analysis
Authors: Jermier John M. , Gaines Jeannie , McIntosh Nancy J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study addressed some conceptual issues central to understanding human reactions to dangerous settings and empirically explored the meaning of physically dangerous work in three different occupational groups (street patrol officers, n=96; investigators, n=21; and clerical and support service workers, n=60) practicing in the same organizational setting (city police department). Objective hazards, estimated with occupational risk statistics, explained 56 per cent of the variation in experienced physical danger which, in turn, significantly heightened emotional exhaustion, dissatisfaction with pay, and disaffection from the employing organization, in the street patrol officer group only, perceived physical danger significantly correlated with task variety, task significance and feedback. The data are interpreted to mean that for street patrol officers, experienced physical danger adds a modicum of enrichment and significance to the work itself. One theme of the analysis is that potentially stigmatic features of the work can be transformed into socially meaningful illusions that enhance the personal dignity of the performer (cf. Hughes, 1958). However, the dominant theme is that physically dangerous work produces fear and related affective distress. Further research on this topic is recommended because of the affective and behavioral consequences of perceived physical danger and also because definitions and meanings of dangerous work are socially, politically and morally important.
Tribological degradation of two vegetable‐based lubricants at elevated temperatures
Authors: Siniawski Matthew T. , Saniei Nader , Pfaendtner Jim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRenewable‐based lubricants are being considered as potential alternatives to petroleum‐based lubricants for various reasons, mainly increased environmental sensitivity. However, understanding the tribological performance of such vegetable‐based lubricants under elevated temperatures is critical for their industrial implementation. This study focuses on the friction and abrasion rate characteristics of soybean and sunflower base oils in comparison to a base mineral oil under sliding wear at elevated temperatures. It was found that the abrasion rate and friction were less severe for the vegetable‐based lubricants up to temperatures around 100°C. The observed performance of the vegetable‐based lubricants was verified using a kinetic reaction mechanism model of lubricant degradation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rayleigh quotient minimization algorithm based on algebraic multigrid
Authors: Hetmaniuk U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new algebraic extension of the Rayleigh quotient multigrid (RQMG) minimization algorithm to compute the smallest eigenpairs of a symmetric positive definite pencil (A, M). Earlier versions of RQMG minimize the Rayleigh quotient over a hierarchy of geometric grids. We replace the geometric mesh information with the algebraic information defined by an algebraic multigrid preconditioner. At each level, we minimize the Rayleigh quotient with a block preconditioned algorithm. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of this new algorithm to compute several eigenpairs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced amplified emission induced by surface plasmons on gold nanoparticles in polymer film random lasers
Authors: Popov O. , Zilbershtein A. , Davidov D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report on random lasing from polymer films containing Rh6G laser dye and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Different sizes of AuNP, varying from 10 to 150 nm, were used in the different films, but all had the same mass concentration of gold. We found a strong dependence of the random lasing characteristics (threshold for lasing, the emission intensity, and the spectral narrowing) on the size of the AuNP. In particular, we show that the emission intensity and threshold for lasing versus the NP size qualitatively agree with the prediction of the Mie‐type calculation that considers both the scattering cross section and the absorption of the NP. The experimental spectral narrowing versus the pumping energy is in qualitative agreement with calculations based on diffusion equations (which include appropriate scattering and absorbing terms). This suggests that photon scattering, as enhanced by surface plasmons (SPs) originating on the AuNP, is the dominant underlying mechanism for random lasing of our polymers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Deposition of Diamond
Authors: Bárdos Ladislav , Baránková Hana 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNanocluster diamonds can be synthesized in open air on stainless steel and molybdenum substrates with a hybrid cold atmospheric plasma source using air plasma and an air + alcohol mixture. At microwave powers below 300 W and at gas flow rates below 300 sccm the temperature of a thermally insulated steel substrate placed 1.5 cm from the hollow cathode caused by the air plasma were less than 600 °C. 200 nm thick coatings with nanocluster diamond grains and aggregates exhibiting diamond peaks in the Raman spectra at 1 325 cm−1 on stainless steel and at 1 322 cm−1 on Mo were formed after 1 h on untreated substrates.magnified image
Proteomics of semen and its constituents
Authors: Duncan Mark W. , Thompson Heather S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSemen is a complex fluid comprising sperm and other products of the testes together with secretions from the accessory sex glands including the prostate, seminal vesicles, and the bulbourethral gland. Studies of the protein components of seminal fluid, with or without the sperm present, can improve our understanding of reproductive biology; have potential clinical applications in the assessment and treatment of infertility; can assist with the diagnosis and management of urological diseases; and, at times, can offer important forensic insights. This review examines the application of proteomic methods to the study of spermatozoa and seminal fluid and highlights some of the unique challenges associated with the collection, fractionation, and analysis of this fluid. The discussion is restricted to issues relating to human semen, although we make occasional reference to important studies from animals.
Crystallization study of amorphous Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 alloy by internal friction measurement
Authors: Yang K. W. , Jia E. G. , Shui J. P. , Zhu Z. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have successfully measured the internal friction and electrical resistivity of Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 bulk metallic glass during a constant heating process. The results of electrical resistivity suggest that the position of the internal friction peak is the onset temperature of crystallization. The dependence of internal friction on frequencies show both linear and nonlinear relations. The internal friction at 623 K in the supercooled liquid region decreases monotonously with the increase of annealing time, indicating structural relaxation and subsequent crystallization occurs during isothermal annealing near the crystallization temperature. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On (ε,k)‐min‐wise independent permutations
Authors: Alon Noga , Itoh Toshiya , Nagatani Tatsuya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA family of permutations of
$\cal{F}$ [n] = {1,2,…,n} is (ε,k)‐min‐wise independent if for every nonempty subset X of at most k elements of [n], and for any x ∈ X, the probability that in a random element π of $\cal{F}$, π(x) is the minimum element of π(X), deviates from 1/∣X∣ by at most ε/∣X∣. This notion can be defined for the uniform case, when the elements of $\cal{F}$ are picked according to a uniform distribution, or for the more general, biased case, in which the elements of $\cal{F}$ are chosen according to a given distribution D. It is known that this notion is a useful tool for indexing replicated documents on the web.We show that even in the more general, biased case, for all admissible k and ε and all large n, the size of $\cal{F}$ must satisfy

as well as

This improves the best known previous estimates even for the uniform case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Host specificity ofArgulus coregoni(Crustacea: Branchiura) increases at maturation
Authors: MIKHEEV V. N. , PASTERNAK A. F. , VALTONEN E. T. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYWe tested the hypothesis that host specificity in ectoparasites does not depend exclusively on the features of the host but also on surrounding habitats, using 2 fish ectoparasites,Argulus coregoniandA. foliaceus(Crustacea: Branchiura), occurring sympatrically in Finnish lakes. Although these parasites are considered to be of low specificity, we found that the larger of the 2 species,A. coregonideveloped a pronounced preference for salmonid hosts at the beginning of maturation (defined by the presence of copulating specimens).Argulus foliaceusinfects a much wider range of fish hosts. We showed that specialization ofA. coregonion salmonids does not necessarily result from incompatibility with other fishes, but could instead reflect higher sensitivity of oxygen depletion compared withA. foliaceus. AdultA. coregonimay meet these demands by attaching to salmonids, the typical inhabitants of well-aerated waters. Young parasites of both species showed little host specificity and attached mainly to fishes with higher body reflectivity. In host choice experiments,A. coregoniof 4–5 mm length preferred salmonids (rainbow trout) to cyprinids (roach) irrespective of the type of fish host, on which it had been previously grown in the laboratory. We suggest that such an innate ontogenetic shift in host preference maintains the major part of the parasite population on its principal host, ensuring successful reproduction within suitable habitats.
Paradigm misplaced? Antarctic marine ecosystems are affected by climate change as well as biological processes and harvesting
Authors: Nicol Stephen , Croxall John , Trathan Phil , Gales Nick , Murphy Eugene 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA recent review by Ainley et al. has suggested that recent investigations of the ecological structure and processes of the Southern Ocean have “almost exclusively taken a bottom-up, forcing-by-physical-processes approach relating individual species' population trends to climate change”. We examine this suggestion and conclude that, in fact, there has been considerable research effort into ecosystem interactions over the last 25 years, particularly through research associated with management of the living resources of the Southern Ocean. Future Southern Ocean research will make progress only when integrated studies are planned around well structured hypotheses that incorporate both the physical and biological drivers of ecosystem processes.
Congenital Cholesteatoma of the Mastoid Temporal Bone
Authors: Warren Frank M. , Bennett Marc L. , Wiggins Richard H. , Saltzman Karen L. , Blevins Katherine S. , Shelton Clough , Harnsberger H Ric 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: Congenital mastoid cholesteatomas are rare lesions of the temporal bone. The clinical presentation of these lesions is variable, making them difficult to identify preoperatively. We evaluated our series of mastoid congenital cholesteatomas (CCs) in an effort to better define the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and surgical challenges specific to this lesion.Study Design: Retrospective chart and radiologic study review.Methods: The medical records of patients with the diagnosis of mastoid CC on radiologic imaging over a 15‐year period were reviewed. All had surgical and pathologic confirmation. Eight patients underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT). Six also underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scanning. Demographic information, clinical presentation, imaging results, and operative findings were recorded.Results: Nine patients with the diagnosis of mastoid CC satisfying the inclusion criteria were found. Clinical findings were variable, with the most common presentation being an incidental finding. Imaging findings were more uniform. All CT scans demonstrated an expansile, well‐circumscribed mass centered within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. All MR scans showed a well‐circumscribed mass with high intensity on T2‐weighted images with precontrasted T1 sequences showing the lesion to be isointense or slightly hyperintense to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Operative findings included lateral mastoid cortex erosion, sigmoid sinus exposure, ossicular destruction, facial nerve exposure, and associated postauricular abscess. Management of these lesions is reviewed.Conclusion: Congenital mastoid cholesteatomas have a variable and nonspecific clinical presentation. Surgical challenges arise from the indolent nature of this clinical entity, which belies the extent of otologic involvement. Imaging with CT and magnetic resonance imaging are diagnostic, defines the extent of these lesions, and facilitates preoperative surgical planning.
Inositol Hexaphosphate and Paclitaxel: Symbiotic Treatment of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Janus Seth C. , Weurtz Beverly , Ondrey Frank G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Nuclear factor (NF)‐κB is an early response gene that has been associated with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) progression. NF‐κB activation is induced by some chemotherapy agents, including paclitaxel. The activation of this gene can be correlated with apoptosis resistance. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate. NF‐κB levels were evaluated in oral cavity HNSCC lines after treatment with paclitaxel and IP6, alone and in combination. Resulting levels of cell death and apoptosis were assessed, and conclusions are drawn regarding a possible synergistic relationship between paclitaxel and IP6.Methods: NF‐κB activation in cancer cells treated with paclitaxel and IP6, alone and in combination, was measured by transient transfection, and results were interpreted by luminometry. Cell proliferation of treated cells was measured by MTT assay. Cell viability and apoptosis of cancer cells treated with paclitaxel and IP6 combinations were quantitated by trypan blue staining and Caspase‐Glo 3/7 assay, respectively.Results: IP6 was observed to significantly downregulate NF‐κB activation in both NA and CA‐9‐22 oral cavity HNSCC cell lines. Paclitaxel treatments caused increased NF‐κB activation in the same cell lines. IP6 was observed to mitigate paclitaxel‐induced NF‐κB activation in the CA‐9‐22 cell line. IP6, when combined with paclitaxel, reduces CA‐9‐22 cell proliferation, increases cell death, and increases apoptosis, when compared with treatment with paclitaxel alone.Conclusions: IP6 reduces paclitaxel induced NF‐κB activation and increases paclitaxel‐mediated cell killing and apoptosis. As a well‐tolerated and safe supplement, IP6 deserves further study in the treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.