bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raster‐to‐Graph: Floorplan Recognition via Autoregressive Graph Prediction with an Attention Transformer
Authors: Hu Sizhe , Wu Wenming , Su Ruolin , Hou Wanni , Zheng Liping , Xu Benzhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecognizing the detailed information embedded in rasterized floorplans is at the research forefront in the community of computer graphics and vision. With the advent of deep neural networks, automatic floorplan recognition has made tremendous breakthroughs. However, co‐recognizing both the structures and semantics of floorplans through one neural network remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework Raster‐to‐Graph, which automatically achieves structural and semantic recognition of floorplans. We represent vectorized floorplans as structural graphs embedded with floorplan semantics, thus transforming the floorplan recognition task into a structural graph prediction problem. We design an autoregressive prediction framework using the neural network architecture of the visual attention Transformer, iteratively predicting the wall junctions and wall segments of floorplans in the order of graph traversal. Additionally, we propose a large‐scale floorplan dataset containing over 10,000 real‐world residential floorplans. Our autoregressive framework can automatically recognize the structures and semantics of floorplans. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, showing significant improvements on all metrics. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations indicate that our framework outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. Code and dataset for this paper are available at: https://github.com/HSZVIS/Raster-to-Graph.
DMT1 ubiquitination by Nedd4 protects against ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Lv Bingchen , Fu Ping , Wang Miao , Cui Likun , Bao Lei , Wang Xingzhi , Yu Lu , Zhou Chao , Zhu Mengxin , Wang Fei , Pang Ye , Qi Suhua , Zhang Zuohui , Cui Guiyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveNeuronal precursor cells expressed developmentally down‐regulated 4 (Nedd4) are believed to play a critical role in promoting the degradation of substrate proteins and are involved in numerous biological processes. However, the role of Nedd4 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role of Nedd4 in the ICH model.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were induced with ICH. Subsequently, the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, iron content, mitochondrial morphology, as well as the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and Nedd4 were assessed after ICH. Furthermore, the impact of Nedd4 overexpression was evaluated through analyses of hematoma area, ferroptosis, and neurobehavioral function. The mechanism underlying Nedd4‐mediated degradation of DMT1 was elecidated using immunoprecipitation (IP) after ICH.ResultsUpon ICH, the level of DMT1 in the brain increased, but decreased when Nedd4 was overexpressed using Lentivirus, suggesting a negative correlation between Nedd4 and DMT1. Additionally, the degradation of DMT1 was inhibited after ICH. Furthermore, it was found that Nedd4 can interact with and ubiquitinate DMT1 at lysine residues 6, 69, and 277, facilitating the degradation of DMT1. Functional analysis indicated that overexpression of Nedd4 can alleviate ferroptosis and promote recovery following ICH.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that ferroptosis occurs via the Nedd4/DMT1 pathway during ICH, suggesting it potential as a valuable target to inhibit ferroptosis for the treatment of ICH.
Native establishment improved and weed competition reduced by topsoil removal in direct‐sown native grasslands
Authors: Gibson‐Roy Paul , Delpratt John , Moore Greg 
Published: April 2024

SummaryAustralian temperate grasslands are among its most threatened plant communities. In agricultural landscapes, major barriers to their recovery are high soil nutrient levels that favour the growth of exotic pasture and other non‐native species, high standing weed biomass creating fierce aboveground competition, and rich weed seed and bud banks providing dense emergent seedling competition. Therefore, the return of grasslands to arable landscapes through restoration must rely on overcoming these challenges, ideally by reducing soil nutrients and mitigating the effects of weeds. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of topsoil removal for restoring diverse native grassy communities by direct seeding on sites with a legacy of elevated soil nutrients and competitive exotic vegetation. Conversely, it showed that repeated shallow cultivation (four times over 12 months) to stimulate weed emergence, followed each time by herbicide application, failed to achieve this outcome, at least in the short term (three years). Grassy community restoration is imperative in Australia, but importantly, it must utilise restoration protocols that are as effective as possible so that limited time, money, and resources are not wasted. In this light, the technique of topsoil manipulation may take us one step closer to achieving this goal in agricultural locations, where their loss is most pronounced.
Worries about leadership: Examining the role of career stage, gender, and personal resources
Authors: Tavares Gustavo M. , Iwai Tatiana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWorries about leadership (WAL) play a key role in explaining why so many individuals are not interested in pursuing leadership positions. However, less is known about how WAL evolves throughout one's career. We address this issue by examining individuals' worries about failure (WF) and worries about work–life imbalance (WWLI)—two dimensions of WAL—at different career stages and the role of perceived lack of personal resources relevant for leadership in increasing WAL. Moreover, we explore the moderating effect of gender on the relationship among career stage, personal resources, and WAL. Using a heterogeneous sample of professionals from different hierarchical levels (n = 487), our results show a decline in WF as individuals advance in their careers, whereas WWLI remains consistently higher. Importantly, WWLI becomes remarkably high for women in mid‐to‐late career stages compared to men. Furthermore, having fewer personal resources is associated with greater WAL, particularly affecting women.
The effect of apical patency on postoperative pain following endodontic therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiqian Liu , Ying Zhai , Mian Mao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether apical patency increases postoperative pain after endodontic therapy. This study explored the degree and incidence of postoperative pain during root canal therapy, as well as the number of required analgesic doses. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and gray literature from the date of database inception until May 2023. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. Twelve studies were considered eligible for meta‐analysis. The mean pain scores on days 1 (mean difference [MD] = ‐1.69) and 2 (MD = ‐0.85) differed significantly between the apical patency and non‐patency groups. The odds for pain after 24 h were significantly lower (OR 0.59) in the apical patency group than in the non‐patency group. Furthermore, the mean number of required analgesic doses was not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, apical patency significantly alleviated postoperative pain (low‐quality evidence) and reduced the incidence of pain (moderate evidence). However, high‐quality randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings.
Status epilepticus in Auckland, New Zealand: Treatment patterns and determinants of outcome in a prospective population‐based cohort
Authors: Fong Michael W. K. , Stephens Eleanor , Brockington Alice , Jayabal Jayaganth , Scott Shona , Zhang Tony , Litchfield Rhonda , Beilharz Erica , Dalziel Stuart R. , Jones Peter , Yates Kim , Thornton Vanessa , Bergin Peter S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveDetermination of the real‐world performance of a health care system in the treatment of status epilepticus (SE).MethodsProspective, multicenter population‐based study of SE in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) over 1 year, with data recorded in the EpiNet database. Focus on treatment patterns and determinants of SE duration and 30‐day mortality. The incidence, etiology, ethnic discrepancies, and seizure characteristics of this cohort have been published previously.ResultsA total of 365 patients were included in this treatment cohort; 326 patients (89.3%) were brought to hospital because of SE, whereas 39 patients (10.7%) developed SE during a hospital admission for another reason. Overall, 190 (52.1%) had a known history of epilepsy and 254 (70.0%) presented with SE with prominent motor activity. The mean Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS) was 2.15 and the mean SE duration of all patients was 44 min. SE self‐terminated without any treatment in 84 patients (22.7%). Earlier administration of appropriately dosed benzodiazepine in the pre‐hospital setting was a major determinant of SE duration. Univariate analysis demonstrated that mortality was significantly higher in older patients, patients with longer durations of SE, higher STESS, and patients who developed SE in hospital, but these did not maintain significance with multivariate analysis. There was no difference in the performance of the health care system in the treatment of SE across ethnic groups.SignificanceWhen SE was defined as 10 continuous minutes of seizure, overall mortality was lower than expected and many patients had self‐limited presentations for which no treatment was required. Although there were disparities in the incidence of SE across ethnic groups there was no difference in treatment or outcome. The finding highlights the benefit of a health care system designed to deliver universal health care.
Barefoot methodology as a viable farriery option
Authors: O'Grady Stephen E. , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe equine foot evolved to provide an effective interface between the distal limb and the ground for weight‐bearing, shock absorption and providing traction. The use of horseshoes became necessary when horses performed a lot of work on abrasive surfaces. These days, however, most equine athletes train and compete on soft, manufactured surfaces that are conducive to having the horses barefooted, especially if they have good‐quality hooves and can be taken out of work for a short period of time while the hoof goes through the adaptive process. Being barefoot for a period of time is often useful in treating horses with chronic foot lameness, hoof capsule distortions with compromised heel structures, sheared heels or frogs that are either recessed or prolapsed relative to the ground surface of the foot. The benefits of being barefooted include superior shock absorption, better energy damping and improved weight‐bearing ability. Without shoes, the foot undergoes greater expansion and vertical movement at the heels and foot shape is maintained by friction and wear between the entire solar surface of the foot and the ground. Shaping the barefoot hoof involves removing excessive hoof wall using hoof nippers at an angle of 45° dorsal to the sole‐wall junction (white line) to create a bevel in the bearing surface of the hoof wall. The heels are rasped horizontally to the same horizontal plane as the frog which makes the palmar foot ‘load sharing’. Starting at the heel quarter, the rasp is used around the circumference of the foot at a 45° angle and then a rounding motion from proximal to distal is used to produce a thick rounded perimeter to the distal hoof wall. It is important to leave all the horn/mass on the solar surface of the foot for protection. Adaptation to being barefoot requires a period of time to allow the structures of the foot to strengthen along with reshaping of the foot at 3–4‐week intervals. A version of this manuscript was presented at the American Association of Equine Practitioners Scientific Program in 2023.
Impact of aridity rise and arid lands expansion on carbon‐storing capacity, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem services
Authors: Tariq Akash , Sardans Jordi , Zeng Fanjiang , Graciano Corina , Hughes Alice C. , Farré‐Armengol Gerard , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrylands, comprising semi‐arid, arid, and hyperarid regions, cover approximately 41% of the Earth's land surface and have expanded considerably in recent decades. Even under more optimistic scenarios, such as limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, semi‐arid lands may increase by up to 38%. This study provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art regarding changing aridity in arid regions, with a specific focus on its effects on the accumulation and availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plant–soil systems. Additionally, we summarized the impacts of rising aridity on biodiversity, service provisioning, and feedback effects on climate change across scales. The expansion of arid ecosystems is linked to a decline in C and nutrient stocks, plant community biomass and diversity, thereby diminishing the capacity for recovery and maintaining adequate water‐use efficiency by plants and microbes. Prolonged drought led to a −3.3% reduction in soil organic carbon (SOC) content (based on 148 drought‐manipulation studies), a −8.7% decrease in plant litter input, a −13.0% decline in absolute litter decomposition, and a −5.7% decrease in litter decomposition rate. Moreover, a substantial positive feedback loop with global warming exists, primarily due to increased albedo. The loss of critical ecosystem services, including food production capacity and water resources, poses a severe challenge to the inhabitants of these regions. Increased aridity reduces SOC, nutrient, and water content. Aridity expansion and intensification exacerbate socio‐economic disparities between economically rich and least developed countries, with significant opportunities for improvement through substantial investments in infrastructure and technology. By 2100, half the world's landmass may become dryland, characterized by severe conditions marked by limited C, N, and P resources, water scarcity, and substantial loss of native species biodiversity. These conditions pose formidable challenges for maintaining essential services, impacting human well‐being and raising complex global and regional socio‐political challenges.
Futuristic opportunities for pretreatment processes in biofuel production from microalgae
Authors: Tan Chung Hong , Low Sze Shin , Cheah Wai Yan , Singh Jeevandeep , Chai Wai Siong , Tiong Sieh Kiong , Show Pau Loke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroalgal biofuel is a promising solution to replace fossil fuel as a renewable and environmental‐friendly energy source, thereby contributing to the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG‐7, or Affordable and Clean Energy. Unlike energy crops (like oil palm and sugar cane), microalgae benefit from faster growth rate, higher lipid content, smaller land area required, ability to flourish using waste or brackish water, and posing zero competition with food crops. Microalgae‐derived biofuels (like biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen) are sustainable energy sources that can be produced using well‐developed techniques (e.g., transesterification, fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and Fisher–Tropsch process). To prevent dire climate conditions resulting from the global temperature rise of 1.5°C and resolve worldwide energy security issue, our generation will need to establish and implement renewables on a global scale. To improve the industrial production of microalgal biofuel, the efficiencies of biomass and metabolite production to post‐cultivation biofuel synthesis processes must be enhanced. For the cultivation step, there exist three key techniques that can directly change the traits, structure, and behavior of microalgal cells, and induce them to accumulate targeted metabolites rapidly and in large amounts. These techniques are genetic engineering, chemical modulation, and nanomaterial approach. Genetic engineering commonly alters the chloroplast DNA of microalgae to overexpress or down‐regulate key genes in various metabolic pathways so that the cells accumulate more lipids. Chemicals can also be used to modulate microalgal growth and lipid accumulation by inducing oxidative stress or prevent conversion of lipid molecules. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles can also enhance microalgal lipid production by microenvironmental stress induction, vitamin supplementation, and light backscattering. Therefore, in this review, the recent progress as well as the pros and cons of genetic engineering, chemical modulation, and nanomaterial approach in achieving greater biofuel production from microalgae are comprehensively examined.
Factors to predict recurrence after epidural blood patch in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Lee Seung Hyun , Lee Jooyoung , Kim Da‐woon , Kim Dong Hyun , Ahn Sung Jae , Choi Moon Gwan , Jo Sungyang , Suh Chong Hyun , Chung Sun J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify predictors for the recurrence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) after epidural blood patch (EBP).BackgroundEpidural blood patch is the main treatment option for SIH; however, the characteristics of patients who experience relapse after successful EBP treatment for SIH remain understudied.MethodsIn this exploratory, retrospective, case–control study, we included 19 patients with SIH recurrence after EBP and 36 age‐ and sex‐matched patients without recurrence from a single tertiary medical institution. We analyzed clinical characteristics, neuroimaging findings, and volume changes in intracranial structures after EBP treatment. Machine learning methods were utilized to predict the recurrence of SIH after EBP treatment.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical features between the recurrence and no‐recurrence groups. Among brain magnetic resonance imaging signs, diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement and cerebral venous dilatation were more prominent in the recurrence group than no‐recurrence group after EBP (14/19 [73%] vs. eight of 36 [22%] patients, p = 0.001; 11/19 [57%] vs. seven of 36 [19%] patients, p = 0.010, respectively). The midbrain–pons angle decreased in the recurrence group compared to the no‐recurrence group after EBP, at a mean (standard deviation [SD]) of –12.0 [16.7] vs. +1.8[18.3]° (p = 0.048). In volumetric analysis, volume changes after EBP were smaller in the recurrence group than in the no‐recurrence group in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (mean [SD] −11.6 [15.3] vs. +4.8 [17.1] mL, p = 0.001) and ventricles (mean [SD] +1.0 [2.0] vs. +2.0 [2.5] mL, p = 0.003). Notably, the random forest classifier indicated that the model constructed with brain volumetry was more accurate in discriminating SIH recurrence (area under the curve = 0.80 vs. 0.52).ConclusionOur study suggests that volumetric analysis of intracranial structures may aid in predicting recurrence after EBP treatment in patients with SIH.
The potency of hematopoietic stem cell reprogramming for changing immune tone
Authors: Daman Andrew W. , Cheong Jin Gyu , Berneking Laura , Josefowicz Steven Z. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryInnate immune memory endows innate immune cells with antigen independent heightened responsiveness to subsequent challenges. The durability of this response can be mediated by inflammation induced epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are maintained through differentiation to mature immune progeny. Understanding the mechanisms and extent of trained immunity induction by pathogens and vaccines, such as BCG, in HSPC remains a critical area of exploration with important implications for health and disease. Here we review these concepts and present new analysis to highlight how inflammatory reprogramming of HSPC can potently alter immune tone, including to enhance specific anti‐tumor responses. New findings in the field pave the way for novel HSPC targeting therapeutic strategies in cancer and other contexts of immune modulation. Future studies are expected to unravel diverse and extensive effects of infections, vaccines, microbiota, and sterile inflammation on hematopoietic progenitor cells and begin to illuminate the broad spectrum of immunologic tuning that can be established through altering HSPC phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to emerging and speculative topics in this field where we posit that focused study of HSPC in the framework of trained immunity holds significant promise.
Geoeconomic Power Europe: When Global Power Competition Drives EU Integration
Authors: Haroche Pierre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe European Union's (EU's) ‘geoeconomic turn’ denotes the growing integration of international security considerations into EU economic policies. This article introduces the concept of ‘geoeconomic power Europe’ to show how this development has the potential to renew debates on the nature of EU power. Most existing conceptualisations of EU power – whether characterised as civilian, normative, market based, regulatory or liberal – tend to focus on the EU's endogenous characteristics. However, the added value of the concept of geoeconomic power is that it redirects attention to the ‘co‐constitution’ loop between global power competition and the evolution of EU power. In this article, I present an analytical framework that highlights the drivers of EU geoeconomic power and distinguishes between systemic pressures, the intra‐EU policy process and the impact on EU power. I conclude that the concept of geoeconomic power Europe can help to bridge theories of international security and economic interdependence, particularly neorealism and neofunctionalism.
Lawyers' legal aid participation: A qualitative and quantitative analysis
Authors: Hsu Ching‐fang , Chiang Ivan Kan‐hsueh , Chang Yun‐chien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article develops a framework to understand the legal profession's participation in providing services to indigent clients. Our theory is based on two factors: whether lawyers have successful practices, and whether the legal aid delivered to indigent clients is free or below market price. Pro bono signals moral high ground in the profession. Conversely, a regime in which legal assistance is provided at a discounted market price (“low bono”), an under‐explored area in the literature, attracts less competitive attorneys, and doing legal aid cases is perceived as signifying incompetence in one's professional capacity. Using a unique, comprehensive data set on all legal aid lawyers in Taiwan (nearly 4000), two nationwide attorney surveys, and 143 in‐depth interviews with practicing lawyers across the country, we offer the first comprehensive empirical analysis of legal aid lawyers and explain that the design of a legal aid regime attracts lawyers of different hemispheres into the endeavor.