bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical Expertise for Gene Diagnostics and Gene Therapy Clinical Studies
Authors: Kubyshkin A. V. , Balashova A. I. , Gyulbasarova E. V. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of the study: to develop proposals for improving regulatory documentation on ethical expertise (EE) of gene diagnostics and gene therapy clinical studies.Materials and methods. We used general philosophical research methods, including the formal-logical, historical method, comparative method, systematic approach and axiological method. We analyzed 10 international acts, including acts of «soft law», 4 documents adopted at the level of interstate integration entities, 7 domestic normative legal acts, and a number of various doctrinal sources on the topic under consideration. In addition, we analyzed the regulatory documents for ethical committees (EC) acivities, including those from a historical perspective.Results. We formulated the concept of EE, deﬁned the principles and main areas of EE, including the personalized medicine, and suggested the regulatory principles of EE operating.Conclusion. To improve the regulation of EE, the legal status and requirements for the activities of independent ECs should ﬁt the scope of EE, diﬀerentially related to the area of a trial (non-interventional trials, clinical trials with a drug treatment); at the national level, independent ECs conducting EE of drug treatmemnt clinical trials should be institutionalized into a single system; to improve the activities of independent ECs in the ﬁeld of clinical testing, the development of a special normative regulation is required.
Production of fresh cheese analogues; the impact of soy protein isolate and oat germ powder
Authors: Habibi R. , Khosrowshahi Asl A. , Roufegarinejad L. , Zomorodi S. , Asefi N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlant-based proteins are being rapidly explored in the food industry to produce healthy and nutritious foods. Herein, the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) ratio to oat germ powder (OGP) (0:0, 3.7: 6.3, 5:5, 0:10, 10:0, and 6.3:3.7%) were studied on the physicochemical, colour, rheological, microbial, antioxidant, and sensory properties of wheyless cheese. The results showed that by increasing SPI and OGP levels, ash, white index value, elastic modulus, and complex viscosity decreased, while pH, fat in dry matter, Chroma, and total colour (ΔE) increased. Also, syneresis was only observed in the control sample and was not observed in other samples. Control sample together with sample containing 10% of OGP showed the highest microbial count (i.e., mesophilic bacteria and yeasts-moulds), while samples containing 10% of SPI showed the lowest microbial count. Furthermore, the growth of both coliform and psychrophilic bacteria in all samples was negligible. Based on the results of sensory evaluation, with increasing SPI and OGP, the sensory evaluation score of samples decreased but they were within the acceptable range. According to the results obtained in this study, the combinations of 5% SPI and 5% OGP or 3.7% SPI and 6.3% OGP are recommended to be used in wheyless cheese production.
Evaluating effectiveness of prescribing regenerative therapy in patients with acute rhinosinusitis
Authors:   Saint Luke Lugansk State Medical University, Lugansk, 291045, Russia, Berest I. E. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction. In patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS), under the influence of external and internal factors, the final proliferative stage of inflammation is often disrupted, which necessitates the administration of drugs that regulate reparative regeneration at the site of alteration. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of local administration of reparative drugs for inflammation of the mucous membrane (MM) in patients with ARS. Materials and methods. The study was conducted with the participation of 138 patients with ARS (age 19–50 years), who were divided into 4 groups. Group No. 1 (n = 34) received standard anti-inflammatory treatment; in the comparison groups, additional local reparative drugs were prescribed: in group No. 2 (n = 36), sodium deoxyribonucleate solution; in group No. 3 (n = 34), dexpanthenol; in group No. 4 (n = 34), sodium hyaluronate. To assess the severity of disturbances in the regeneration of the ciliated epithelium of the nose, the regeneration index was assessed based on an analysis of the state of the inflammatory reaction of the mucus, mucociliary transport time (MCT), and disturbances in the crystallization of the solid phase of the nasal secretion (NS) obtained by the method of wedge-shaped dehydration. Patients were monitored upon presentation, on days 5, 10, 21, 30, 42, and 60. Results. In group No. 2, already on the 5th day, there was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in purulent discharge in the nasal cavity in comparison with other groups; on the 10th day, patients with a mild degree of severity of the inflammatory reaction of the mucous membrane predominated in this group. Pronounced positive dynamics in the structure of the solid phase of the NS and a statistically significant improvement in MCT in the groups taking reparative drugs were noted already from the 21st day of observation. Even by the 60th day in group No. 1, 25 (73.5%) patients had a mild degree of regeneration impairment, which was significantly higher than in the comparison groups. Conclusions. When using reparative drugs in patients with ARS, there was a significantly faster improvement in MCT, normalization of the solid phase of the NS, and a decrease in the proportion of people with identified disorders of reparative regeneration.
Basin-analogy for calculating spring flood volumes at insufficiency of meteorological data (Tuba river as a case study)
Authors: Galakhov Vladimir P. , Samoilova Svetlana Yu. , Lovtskaya Olga V. , Mardasova Elena V. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The necessity in provision of insufficient data on streamflow formation factors when predicting floods in the poorly explored and unstudied basins. For this purpose, in hydrological calculations and forecasts the method of hydrological analogy is applicable. Aim. To study probable application of the hydrological analogy method in calculations of spring flood volumes of a mountain river. The analysis was carried out by the example of the basins of the Tuba river and its tributaries (rivers Amyl, Kazyr and Kizir), as well as neighboring catchments (rivers Abakan and Syda). Methods. Integrated geographical-hydrometeorological analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and the hydrological analogy method. Results. We calculated total winter precipitation in the Amyl basin by means of (traditionally used in hydrology) elevation dependences, estimated average annual precipitation in the Tuba basin using modern glaciation data, and built a stochastic predictive model of flood runoff volume on the Amyl river (settl. Kachulka) based on the relationship between precipitation for the previous winter and flood periods. The influence of liquid (flood) precipitation on the forecast quality was analyzed. A comparative analysis of other Tuba tributaries (Kazyr, Kizir), including neighboring basins (rivers Abakan and Syda) in terms of their application as basins-analogies was performed. For instance, a feasible use of the Amyl basin as an analogy for forecasting flood runoff depth of the Tuba river (vill. Bugurtak) was analyzed. Conclusions. The correlation analysis of flood volumes of the Tuba, its main tributaries and neighboring rivers suggests that as an analogy the application of basins with similar conditions for precipitation formation (slope orientation relative to the direction of the prevailing moisture-bearing air masses) and average catchment elevation is currently favored. The Amyl basin use as the Tuba analogy is expedient for a medium-term forecast of melt runoff volumes (excluding liquid (flood) precipitation).
Improving Casing Running Efficiency through a Comprehensive Wellbore Quality Scorecard: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Cockburn C. B. , Huseynzade N. , Rasul-zada A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the successful development and implementation of a wellbore quality scorecard which is used to evaluate wellbore quality using deterministic and probabilistic methods. This evaluation is based on analysing the real time data during the final trip out of hole with the drilling BHA.
The Wellbore Quality Scorecard is being used systematically across a large multi-asset drilling project where there was a history of problematic hole sections. Casing and liner running operations frequently encountered difficulties, and it was recognised that a system for evaluating the hole condition would help to improve operational decision making. The result of the evaluation is used to provide a better understanding of the condition of the wellbore that was drilled before committing to run casing or liner. Understanding the wellbore condition helps the team to decide, for example, whether to run a wiper trip to condition the wellbore or to save time and go ahead with casing or liner run.
The evaluation process is a collaboration between the remote collaboration centre, the rigsite team and the office-based operations team. A database is generated which records historical wellbore condition vs liner and casing running information which holds very useful technical insights about how each wellbore parameter quantitatively affects the wellbore quality.
The paper will describe how this process has now been applied to over 50 hole sections, and how it has improved decision making and the liner and casing running success rate.
A machine learning model has been developed which predicts the likelihood of successfully running the casing or liner to the target depth. This information is used to compliment the Wellbore Quality Score for informing operational decisions.
Implications of Setting a Centralized Production Liner on Bottom: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Esteva M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Occasionally, operations require setting a production liner on bottom. This could be unintentional, e.g. when the liner hanger slips fail to operate, or intentionally, e.g. when the liner is purposely run without a hanger to guarantee sufficient bypass area. A consequence of setting the liner on bottom is that the buckling force will be compressive, and assessment of the buckling severity is required to avoid high buckling induced dogleg severity (DLS). After the liner is cemented, the induced DLS is made permanent. Thus, this change in well path trajectory could jeopardize the runnability and installation of completion equipment.
In this study, the buckling induced DLS is estimated using a finite element based stiff-string model. The model takes in consideration the additional compressive loads of setting the liner top packer. It also accounts for liner centralization. It was found that this model overcomes the limitation of the theoretical models implemented in widely used commercial casing design software as it captures the physics of the buckled casing in between centralizers with more accuracy.
Blind Trust: Challenges in Data Sharing for Oil and Gas Well Construction
Authors: Willerth M. , Gibson D. , Fortney R. , Piskin A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The drilling and completion of oil and gas wells is a collaborative business, involving employees from many contractors working together. Well construction generates many documents that are shared cross-functionally between these different groups. A regulator may receive an as-drilled plat from a well planner, using surveys from an MWD operator, based on a pipe tally from a rig contractor. In this scenario, the person legally specifying the well location has likely never physically seen the wellhead or the equipment used to define the location. The regulatory database might later be used by a different operator for identifying offset wells on a nearby drilling program, further confounding matters. While document sharing is critical for successful well construction, there is often little opportunity for verification before use or transmission to another party.
A review of documents related to well construction was performed. This included plats, well plans, bottom hole assembly reports, directional surveys, and other drilling records. The examination was performed on which data was contained in these documents, how it might be verified by a third party using it, and the potential for errors to arise when the data is received or transmitted. Of particular concern were documents such as well locations and directional surveys which are not only difficult to verify but are also likely to be further shared with additional parties. These documents are frequently the basis for critical decisions related to well construction, implying a strong potential for erroneous data to be used when making those decisions.
For most of the document types investigated, there was little to no standardization on the content or format of the data presented. Similarly, when documents contained redundant data (such as a well name across a directional survey record, bottom hole assembly reports, and well plans) there was often inconsistency in how that data was presented. While in many cases the accuracy of the data may still be unverifiable, several good practices for identifying gross errors in documentation and preventing erroneous data from entering a curated database are presented. Examples include ensuring personnel are trained in the significance of the data being received and requesting redundant data whenever possible so internal cross-validation can be performed for data consistency.
Data quality processes for internal workflows have long been a focus for the industry. As more systems become increasingly connected, a similar amount of attention must be paid to external workflows, where if care is not taken data of unknown and unverifiable quality may be used to make critical decisions.
Enhancing Information Retrieval in the Drilling Domain: Zero-Shot Learning with Large Language Models for Question-Answering
Authors: Pacis F. J. , Alyaev S. , Pelfrene G. , Wiktorski T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Finding information across multiple databases, formats, and documents remains a manual job in the drilling industry. Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in data-aggregation tasks, including answering questions. However, using LLMs for domain-specific factual responses poses a nontrivial challenge. The expert labor cost for training domain-specific LLMs prohibits niche industries from developing custom question-answering bots. This paper tests several commercial LLMs for information retrieval tasks for drilling data using zero-shot in-context learning. In addition, we studied the model’s calibration using a few-shot multiple-choice drilling questionnaire.
To create an LLM benchmark for drilling, we collated the text data from publicly available databases: the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), company annual reports, and petroleum glossary. We used a zero-shot learning technique that relies on an LLM’s ability to generate responses for tasks outside its training. We implemented a controlled zero-shot learning "in-context" procedure that sends a user’s query augmented with text data to the LLM as inputs. This implementation encourages the LLM to take the answer from the data while leveraging its pre-trained contextual-learning capability.
We evaluated several state-of-the-art generic LLMs available through an API, including G4, G3.5-TI, J2-ultra model, and L2 series. The paper documents the pre-trained LLMs’ ability to provide correct answers and identify petroleum industry jargon from the collated dataset. Our zero-shot in-context learning implementation helps vanilla LLMs provide relevant factual responses for the drilling domain. While each LLM’s performance varies, we have identified models suitable for a drilling chatbot application. In particular, G4 outperformed on all the tasks. This finding suggests that training expensive domain-specific LLMs is not necessary for question-answering tasks in the context of drilling data.
We demonstrate the utility of zero-shot in-context learning using pre-trained LLMs for question-answering tasks relevant to the drilling industry. Additionally, we prepared and publicly released the collated datasets from the NPD database and companies’ annual reports to enable results reproducibility and to foster acceleration of language model adoption and development for the subsurface and drilling industries. The petroleum industry may find our solution beneficial for enhancing personnel training and career development. It also offers a method for conducting data analytics and overcoming challenges in retrieving historical well data.
Footage Increase by 50% and Drilling Dynamics Optimized in the Challenging Colombian Foothills Thorough Re-Design of a Hybrid Bit Using a Novel Polygon Mesh Computational Simulation and Laboratory Test
Authors: Muñoz Libardo , Cuervo Luis Francisco , Huang Xu , Bradshaw Robert , Belloso Andrés , Velasquez Johanna , Lyons Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper will discuss the engineering process used to redesign the polycrystalline diamond cutter (PDC) and roller cone cutting structures of a Hybrid Bit in the challenging Foothills application of Colombia. The primary challenge to drill 14 3/4" section in Colombia foothills is high torque values its oscillations and vibration that produce premature damage of the PDC bits; specially while drilling Carbonera C5 formation, which has a very high abrasiveness and compressive strength (25 Ksi UCS). In addition to the traditional post-drilling analysis of the bit design, the use of an advanced polygonal mesh drilling simulation software in combination with laboratory test will be described as a key element to maximize the durability of the bit. This step of the process allows for the first-time an integrated analysis of the PDC/roller cone cutting structures all together. Analysis of the engagement balance along with the calculation of forces applied to the various cutting structure components, ultimately resulting in an improved optimization of bit performance beyond the common scenario considering the use of 4-5 PDC bits for the whole section.
A computational model, using a polygonal mesh simulation was developed for getting a deeper understanding of the PDC and roller cone interaction in the cutting structure of a hybrid drill bit; afterwards, this simulation software was calibrated with data from pressurized tests obtained in a drilling lab. Improvements of the bit cutting structure started with the ability to correlate the dull condition of the bit under several conditions of torque on bit (TOB), weight on bit (WOB) distribution and Depth of Cut (DOC). This, in turn, guided the bit design changes which were then validated by running the new design through the same simulation and achieving desirable results.
The optimized hybrid drill bit sets a footage record in the Foothills area drilling 50% further than standard PDC bits and achieving 39% more ROP than the previous hybrid bit design in offset wells. In addition to ROP and durability improvements, the original bearing – seal life was improved from 50% to 100% of effectiveness with the new design for this application in this hole size. The new design features optimized the depth of cut (DOC), the weight distribution across the cutting structure and increased stability and efficiency as well. Thus, overcoming the challenge to drill further and more efficiently through these challenging formations.
A specialized team has for the first-time optimized Roller cone structure and PDC structure together improving bottomhole drilling dynamics, performance and bit reliability for this application through the combination of robust polygonal mesh simulations of the drilling process and pressurized rock drilling tests in a drilling lab.
Evolution of Downhole Automation from Push-The-Bit to Point-The-Bit Rotary Steerable Systems
Authors: Brovko Katerina , Ignova Maja , Mantle Katharine , Zaitsev Evgeniy , Rego Marina , Alotaibi Saleh , Li Ling , Junqueira Diocleciano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rotary steerable systems (RSS) were first introduced as push-the-bit systems in the late 1990s and were drilling in manual mode sending downlinks by mud pulses downhole. The point-the-bit RSS was introduced in 2003. The first automated mode, known as inclination hold, was introduced in 2003. This was followed by vertical mode in 2004 and by hold inclination and azimuth mode in 2008. The last well profile type, the curve section, was not automated until 2020 when curve control was implemented for push-the-bit RSS. Implementing curve control for push-the-bit RSS has reduced the frequency of downlinks sent from surface and has improved the rate of penetration, thereby supporting a sustainable digital solution for directional drilling and drilling engineering. Curve control for point-the-bit RSS was introduced to the field in mid-2022 and has opened new applications for downhole automation. Point-the-bit RSS has a different steering mechanism (fixed bend) and it has the sensor offset farther from the bit, which creates challenges for implementation of trajectory automation.
In our work, we analysed several case studies and examined new application opportunities for autonomy for trajectory automation based on the field results. Until mid-2022 directional drillers sent manual downlinks to point-the-bit RSS from the surface to follow a planned trajectory and hit the target. These downlinks sent a steering ratio to achieve desired dogleg severity (DLS) and a desired toolface to turn the well if needed. By introducing downhole automation, the Directional Driller is able to send curvature commands, and the tool determines steering ratio to achieve planned DLS by applying a closed-loop algorithm to drill the trajectory. The closed-loop system minimizes the influences of variations of weight on bit, RPM, and formation characteristics on trajectory response.
Point-the-bit RSS have shown the ability to drill different curve profiles in curve control mode from 2D build to 3D build or drop. Some of the trajectories included a tangent section that were executed with DLS demand of zero. The case studies demonstrate that curve control mode has drilled entire hole sections while reducing the frequency of downlinks, increasing the rate of penetration, and increasing consistency.
Our work examined the next level of downhole automated directional trajectory control for point-the-bit RSS that is currently handled and controlled by the directional drillers (e.g., geometric and geological steering). The curve control mode minimizes the interactions with the surface and allows the driller/surface system to optimize the drilling parameters. The algorithm also minimizes the influences of variations of weight on bit, RPM, and formation characteristics on the trajectory response.