bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prestorage Leukocyte Depletion with In‐Line Filtration of Whole Blood in Comparison with Blood Component Leukocyte Depletion
Authors: Riggert J. , Simson G. , Dittmann J. , Köhler M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn‐line filtration of blood components appears to be an effective method to reduce white‐cell‐induced adverse reactions. We have investigated whether whole blood filtration (WBF), prior to component preparation, is comparable with filtration of already prepared blood components (CF), i.e. the red cell concentrate (RCC) and fresh plasma. Conventionally prepared nonfiltered blood components served as a control. No significant differences for most parameters investigated were found between leukodepleted RCCs and plasma units prepared by CF or WBF. All filtered RCCs and plasma units (CF and WBF) had white blood cell contaminations <1′105 per unit. Platelets were reduced in all filtered components: 95% in plasma and 99% in RCCs. Fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) prepared by CF and WBF had normal amounts of factors V, VIII, von Willebrand factor and thrombin‐antithrombin‐III complexes, whereas platelet factor 4 (PF‐4) was slightly increased in FFP prepared by WBF. RCCs and plasma units prepared from filtered whole blood (n = 20) had a significantly greater volume (RCC: 288±19 ml; plasma: 274±20 ml) than conventionally prepared (n = 20) and filtered products (RCC: 257±19 ml, plasma: 259±19 ml). For early filtration of blood components, WBF prior to component preparation seems to offer an interesting technique for obtaining a leukocyte‐depleted RCC and FFP.
A Rapid and Simple ABO Genotype Screening Method Using a Novel B/O2 versus A/O2 Discriminating Nucleotide Substitution at the ABO Locus
Authors: L. Olsson Martin , Chester M. Alan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn ABO genotype screening method discriminating the common alleles A1, A2, B, O1 and O2 at the ABO locus was made possible by the discovery of a novel nucleotide substitution (G1096A) present only in B and O2 alleles. A rapid and reliable single‐tube approach using multiplex PCR with four primers amplifying exons 6 and 7 of the ABO genes followed by simultaneous addition of two restriction enzymes was developed and validated in a population of 150 Swedish blood donors. This technique is the most cost‐efficient and informative ABO genotyping method reported to date.
The Beta Chain of the GPIIb Molecule on Ruminant Leukocytes and Platelets Is Not Labelled by the Sulfo‐NHS‐Biotin Method
Authors: Pintado C. O. , Moreno Angela , Barbancho M. , Pérez de la Lastra J. M. , Llanes D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGlycoprotein (Gp)IIb/IIIa molecules have been immunoprecipitated from platelets and leukocytes of cattle, goat, horse, human, sheep and swine using specific monoclonal antibodies. The sulfo‐NHS‐biotin (sulfosuccinimidobiotin) method used to label the proteins has been found unsuitable for labelling the β chain of the ruminant GPIIb/IIIa molecule. The β chain was present on ruminant leukocytes and platelets when immunoprecipitates were silver stained.
Blood Transfusion in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Davies Sally C. , Olatunji P.O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBlood transfusion is used as a life‐saving and prophylactic treatment in sickle cell disease. Despite the many complications associated with its use, few randomised controlled trials and careful research studies have been performed to fully define its role. This subjects is, therefore, discussed in the context of the current literature and authors' experience.
Establishment of a T‐Cell Line from Lymphocytes Presumably Implicated in Posttransfusion Graft‐versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Nishimura Motoko , Uchida Shigeharu , Mitsunaga Shigeki , Tokunaga Katsushi , Mitomi Yoshitada , Tadokoro Kenji , Juji Takeo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPosttransfusion graft‐versus‐host disease (PTGVHD) is known to develop in immunocompetent patients exhibiting clinical symptoms such as erythroderma, fever, liver dysfunction, diarrhea and pancytopenia. It is speculated that transfused blood donors' lymphocytes might recognize the recipients' HLAs as alloantigens. The thus stimulated lymphocytes might proliferate, expand and finally attack the host's immune system or tissues. However, details regarding these expanded donor cells such as: (1) whether they represent one clone or more, (2) the composition of lymphocyte subsets, and (3) the target HLA antigens of recipients, are not clear, since T‐cell lines derived from PTGVHD patients have not yet been obtained. The aim of this study is to characterize T‐cells responsible for PTGVHD and to identify their target molecules. For that purpose, we attempted to establish T‐cell lines derived from a PTGVHD patient. We show that the established T‐cell line, proven to be derived from donor lymphocytes, showed a CD4+ phenotype and had cytotoxic activities. Furthermore, we describe that the target of the cytotoxic T‐cell line (CTL) is an HLA‐DRBl*0405‐related molecule of the patient.
Evidence that the Gya, Hy and JoaAntigens Belong to the Dombrock Blood Group System
Authors: Banks J.A. , Hemming N. , Poole J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTen red cell samples lacking the high incidence Gyaantigen were found to have the previously undescribed Do(a‐b‐) phenotype. Fifteen Hy‐ red cell samples were Do(a‐b+) with weak expression of Doband 6 Jo(a‐) red cell samples were Do(a+) with weak expression of Doa. Five of the 6 Jo(a‐) samples had extremely weak expression of Dob. The sixth Jo(a‐) was Do(b‐). Immune precipitates were prepared from radio‐iodinated antigen‐positive red cells with anti‐Gya, ‐Hy, ‐Doaand Dob. Immunoblotting of these immune precipitates with affinity‐purified anti‐Gyaand anti‐Dobunder non‐reducing conditions revealed similar broadly migrating bands of Mr 48,700–59,750, suggesting that the Doaand Dobantigens are carried on the same glycoprotein as Gyaand Hy. The phenotypically associated high incidence Joaantigen has previously been shown to reside on the Gya/ Hy glycoprotein. Enzyme‐treated and chemically modified red cells tested with anti‐Doa, ‐Dob, ‐Gya, ‐Hy and ‐Joagave the same pattern of reactivity. We propose that Gya, Hy and Joabecome part of the Dombrock blood group system and that, henceforth, the Gya/Hy‐active glycoprotein be renamed the Dombrock‐active glycoprotein. The Gy(a‐) Hy‐ Jo(a‐) phenotype constitutes the ‘null’ phenotype within the Dombrock system.
Audit and Education in Transfusion Medicine
Authors: Toy Pearl T.C.Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBecause transfusions carry risks to the patient and because inappropriate transfusions are costly, interest in audits and effective education in transfusion medicine has increased over the last decade. Audits identify areas of practice that can be improved by follow‐up education of the physicians who prescribe the transfusions. Successful educational approaches to follow‐up on problems identified by audit include 30‐min one‐on‐one meetings with surgeons, traditional scheduled teaching conferences, daily clinical rounds on transfused patients, prospective review of blood transfusions and installation of transfusion practice algorithms in the operating room. Other than identifying inappropriate transfusions, audit and education have also been used successfully to improve bedside blood administration practices, decrease unnecessary crossmatches and reduce outdating of donor blood. Multi‐institutional audits play a useful benchmarking role. In summary, audit followed by targeted education can improve practices in transfusion medicine.
A Second Nonsecretor Allele of the Blood Group α(1,2)Fucosyl‐transferase Gene (FUT2)
Authors: Henry Stephen , Mollicone Rosella , Lowe John B. , Samuelsson Bo , Larson Göran 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhile screening Le(a+b+) Polynesian DN A samples for a candidate Sew allele, a point mutation (C571→T) resulting in a new stop codon (Arg191→stop) in the α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) was identified. This point mutation resulted in the gaining of a new restriction enzyme cleavage site (DdeI), which allowed restriction enzyme cleavage screening of 40 selected Polynesians and 42 random Caucasians. The nonsecretor phenotype in two of the three nonsecretor Polynesians analyzed was due to homozygosity for the ‘new’ mutation, whereas the third Polynesian nonsecretor (with Caucasian ancestors) was due to homozygosity of the ‘old’ (Trp143→stop) mutation. The nonsecretor phenotype in all Caucasians analyzed was a consequence of homozygosity for the ‘old’ mutation. Both the new and the old nonsecretor mutations were identified in the heterozygous state in some secretor‐positive Polynesians, while only the old mutation was found in the heterozygous state in Caucasians of the same phenotype.
Why Prescribe Highly Purified Factor VIII and IX Concentrates?
Authors: Berntorp Erik 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe aftermath of the HIV catastrophe and hepatitis virus transmission to hemophiliacs has been characterized by continuous efforts to improve the purity of factor VIII and factor IX concentrates, increasing sophistication of the virucidal methods used, and the introduction of recombinant factor VIII. The cost of hemophilia care is substantial and there is a large price difference between products depending on their purity; generally, the purer the concentrate, the higher the price. The use of expensive highly purified concentrates may be questioned if these products are not superior in terms of safety, efficacy or convenience. The properties of concentrates used in hemophilia care are discussed in this review, as are their safety and side effects. The available data do not clearly reveal any clinical difference between factor VIII concentrates, although the highly purified products may be of theoretical benefit. With regard to factor IX, purified products do not seem to carry any risk of the well‐known thromboembolic complications which occur in certain situations after treatment with prothrombin complex concentrates.
Evaluation of Platelet Function Using the in vitro Bleeding Time and Corrected Count Increment of Transfused Platelets: Comparison between Platelet Concentrates Derived from Pooled Buffy Coates and Apheresis
Authors: Eriksson L. , Kristensen J. , Olsson K. , Bring J. , Högman C. F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe functional capacity of transfused platelets was evaluated with in vitro bleeding time (IVBT) and corrected count increment (CCI) in order to compare platelet concentrates (PCs) derived from pooled buffy coats (BC‐PCs) with PCs collected by apheresis (A‐PCs). The suspension medium in the BC‐PCs was 30% CPD plasma and 70% of an additive solution (containing sodium and potassium chloride, sodium citrate and phosphate, mannitol), and in the A‐PCs the medium was 100% CPD plasma. IVBT was evaluated using a Thrombostat 4000/2. BC‐PC and A‐PC were transfused 57 and 41 times, respectively to 36 patients with chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia. PCs transfused within 2 days of donation were considered fresh, and those transfused within 3–5 days were considered stored. IVBT was determined before, as well as 10–30 min and 24 h after transfusion; CCI was determined 10–30 min and 24 h after transfusion. The median pretransfusion IVBT value was 486 s. It was measurable in 21 of 98 (21%) of the transfusions, i.e. below the cutoff limit of 486 s. Ten to 30 min after transfusion, the IVBT showed a measurable reduction in 90% of the transfusions with fresh BC‐PCs, 92% of those with fresh A‐PCs, 63% of those with stored BC‐PCs and 79% of those with stored A‐PCs. After 24 h, the corresponding values were 63% for fresh BC‐PCs, 50% for fresh A‐PCs, 26% for stored BC‐PCs and 38% for stored A‐PCs. The median value of CCI 10–30 min after transfusion was 20 for fresh BC‐PCs, 17 for fresh A‐PCs, 16 for stored BC‐PCs and 14 for stored A‐PCs. The difference in IVBT between fresh and stored BC‐PCs was significant (p = 0. 032), unlike that between fresh and stored A‐PC. After 24 h the corresponding values were 7 for fresh BC‐PCs, 4 for fresh A‐PCs, 4 for stored BC‐PCs and 3 for stored A‐PCs. When all transfusions with fresh PCs (BC‐PCs+A‐PCs) were compared with all transfusions with stored PCs, a statistical difference was demonstrated in both CCI (p = 0.027) and IVBT (p = 0.043). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) was ‐0.41 between CCI and IVBT486 s 10–30 min after transfusion, and 4.55 between the posttransfusion plateled count and IVBT, indicating a relatively poor correlation between CCI and IVBT, and a slightly better correlation between platelet count and IVBT. In conclusion, BC‐PCs showed a slightly higher CCI and a better response in IVBT than A‐PCs. No statistical difference was demonstrated between BC‐PCs and A‐PCs transfused within 2 days after donation, with respect to function and recovery in vivo. BC‐PCs stored for 3 days or more showed about the same CCI and IVBT as stored A‐PC but significantly lower CCI and higher IVBT than fresh BC‐PCs. This may indicate that the preparation and/or storage conditions were not optimal. IVBT seems to be a useful possibility to test the in vivo behavior of transfused platelets.
Inheritance of Abnormal Glycophorin C of the Gerbich and Yussef Type in a French Family
Authors: Loirat M.J. , Pineau‐Vincent F. , Schiffer C. , Muller J. Y. , Blanchard D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe discovery of a natural Gerbich antigen (anti‐Ge2) in the serum of a propositus prompted us to study his red blood cells (RBCs) by using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against glycophorin (GP) C and GPD. An mAb directed against the Ge4 antigen (mAb NaM10‐7G11) agglutinated both untreated and trypsin‐treated cells, demonstrating the expression of a trypsin‐resistant GPC (namely, GPC of the Gerbich type: GPCGe). Surprisingly, an anti‐Ge3 antibody (mAb NaM19‐3C4) agglutinated untreated cells, showing that they also express the Ge3 antigen that may be carried by normal GPC and CPD or by the abnormal GPC of the Yussef (Yus) type (GPCYus). Immunoblotting analysis performed with an mAb directed against the C‐terminal portion of GPC showed that the propositus' RBCs do not contain normal GPC and GPD but both GPCGe and GPCYus. Analysis of RBCs from the family demonstrated that, like the propositus, 2 of the 3 sisters had inherited both the GYPCGe and the GYPCYus alleles from the parents, who carried either the GYPCGe or the GYPC Yus allele. The third sister had inherited the normal GYPC alleles from her parents, whereas the child of the propositus had inherited the GYPCGe allele. Interestingly, natural anti‐Ge2 antibodies were identified in the serum of 2 of the 3 Ge‐negative individuals.
DNA Sequencing and Screening for Point Mutations in the Human Lewis (FUT3) Gene Enables Molecular Genotyping of the Human Lewis Blood Group System
Authors: Elmgren Anders , Börjeson Cecilia , Svensson Lola , Rydberg Lennart , Larson Göran 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe human Lewis gene encodes an α(1,3/1,4)‐fucosyltransferase responsible for synthesis of the Lea and Leb antigens. To define the molecular background for non‐functional Lewis genes we have sequenced PCR‐amplified DNA fragments from two Le(a‐b‐) individuals. One was homozygously mutated at nucleotides 202 (T→C) and 314 (C→T), altering Trp68 to Arg and Thrl05 to Met, and the other was homozygously mutated at nucleotides 59 (T→G) and 1067 (T→A), altering Leu20 to Arg and Ile356 to Lys. Using PCR we screened for these and additionally one other mutation atnucleotide 508 (G→A) among 40 Caucasians. Of 15 Le(a‐b‐) individuals, 7 typed as le59/1067 le202/314, 4 as le202/314le202/314 and 1 as le59/10671e59/1067. Of 21 Le(a‐b+) and 4 Le(a+b‐), 17 typed as LeLeand 7 as Lele202/314. A pedigree study of 8 Lewis‐positive individuals showed that the mutations at nucleotides 202 and 314 were located on the same allele.
Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Identification of D Variants: Ability to Detect Weak D and to Split epD2, epD5 and epD6/7
Authors: Jones Jefl , Filbey Derek 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRed cells from known D variant donors were tested with 41 monoclonal anti‐D reagents, 26 IgG and 15 IgM, with the view to selecting a panel to aid the identification of unusual D types. These antibodies gave reaction patterns which allowed the identification of most of the known D category cells, recognizing epD2, epD5, epD6/7, epD8 and epD9, but were unable to distinguish category III from normal D‐positive cells. Reactivity with HMi, HMii, DFR, DBT and RoHar cells split epD2, epD5 and epD6/7 into two, three and eight groups, respectively. A panel comprising 15 monoclonal anti‐D, 11 IgG and four IgM, was selected as representative of the antibodies tested. Reactivity of monoclonal anti‐D was dependent on antibody concentration and antibody avidity. An antibody concentration of at least 12 pg/ml was required for optimum reactivity of the two monoclonal antibodies tested. A simple calculation of division of the titre by the antibody concentration provided a relatively simple means of establishing the reactivity performance of the antibody and correlated well with ability to detect weak D (Du) cells. A characteristic variable reduction in reaction strength with all the IgG anti‐D was observed with weak D cells. The IgM antibodies, except the high avidity RUM‐1, T3D2T6, D9A4 and BS226, performed poorly in detecting weak D. The majority of the IgM antibodies tested reacted with RoHarr cells, while only one IgG antibody was positive.
The Impact of Neocyte Transfusion in the Management of Thalassaemia
Authors: Spanos Theodore , Ladis Vassilis , Palamidou Fany , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Banagi Anastasia , Premetis Evangelos , Kattamis Christos 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTransfusional iron overload leading to cardiopathy and other severe complications continues to be a major problem in chronically transfused homozygous β‐thalassaemia patients. It is well known that young red cells (neocytes) survive longer after transfusion and therefore may contribute to the extension of the intervals between transfusions. We evaluated the impact of neocytes in the total annual blood requirements and consequently the transfusional iron load in 18 thalassaemia patients. A two‐period study comparing transfusions of standard red cells versus neocytes in the same group of patients was performed. Neocytes were harvested by density separation using the Neocel®System. The method of preparation was simple with relatively low costs and required no special equipment. There was a significant difference (p <0.005) in PK and MCV values of the neocyte and older red cell (gerocyte) fractions indicating that a good separation of the two populations was achieved. All patients had a reduction in blood requirements during the neocyte period. The total annually transfused red blood cells and concomitant iron blood load were significantly reduced (p <0.001) by 20.2±9.1%. However, the response was variable. Seven of the 18 patients had a large reduction in blood consumption (24.8–34.8%), 9 others ranged between 10.7 and 21.6%, and in 2 the reduction was less than 10%. This reduction in blood requirements and in the transfused iron may change the chelation index resulting in more efficient iron chelation therapy and perhaps reduce the cost of the haemochromatosis therapy on a long‐term basis. We conclude that the use of neocyte therapy using this system can benefit the majority of chronically transfused patients by reducing transfusional iron overload and related complications and may lead to a much better quality of life.
Psychiatry, mental health nurses, and invisible power: Exploring a perturbed relationship within contemporary mental health care
Authors: Cutcliffe John , Happell Brenda 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTInterpersonal relationships, although considered to be the cornerstone of therapeutic engagement, are replete with issues of power; yet, the concept of ‘invisible power’ within such formal mental health care relationships is seldom explored and/or critiqued in the literature. This paper involves an examination of power in the interpersonal relationship between the mental health nurse and the consumer. Issues of power are emphasized by drawing on examples from clinical experiences, each of which is then deconstructed as an analytical means to uncover the different layers of power. This examination highlights the existence of both obscure and seldomly acknowledged invisible manifestations of power that are inherent in psychiatry and interpersonal mental health nursing. It also identifies that there is an orthodoxy of formal mental health care that perhaps is best described as ‘biopsychiatry’ (or ‘traditional psychiatry’). Within this are numerous serious speech acts and these provide the power for mental health practitioners to act in particular ways, to exercise control. The authors challenge this convention as the only viable discourse: a potentially viable alternative to the current of formal mental health care does exist and, most importantly, this alternative is less tied to the use of invisible power.
Long‐term homelessness in men with a psychosis: Limitation of services
Authors: Burns Adam , Robins Alan , Hodge Mark , Holmes Alex 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA proportion of persistently homeless men with psychosis are unable to function in the community, despite intensive outreach. The present study aimed to (i) develop a method to measure the number of homeless clients with a psychosis who are unable to maintain basic levels of function, despite the application of intensive community treatment; and (ii) determine if the proportion of these men had increased in an Australian inner urban setting over a 5‐year period. Criteria were developed and validated to define this group. A review of records of clients engaged in homeless settings was conducted in order to compare the proportion of men with these features in 2000 and 2005. In 2005, 23% met the criterion of long‐term homelessness with poor function, despite intensive outreach, as compared with 17% in 2000 (P = 0.62). The 2005 cohort was more likely to have attempted intensive community psychiatric treatment (P = 0.04). We conclude that a proportion of homeless men with a psychosis in Australia do not achieve basic function, despite access to intensive outreach. The proportion of these men did not change between 2000 and 2005. These men require additional specialized services, including access to long‐term supported housing.
A putative role for cell cycle‐related proteins in microtubule‐based neuroplasticity
Authors: Schmetsdorf Stefanie , Arnold Erik , Holzer Max , Arendt Thomas , Gärtner Ulrich 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (Cdks) are the main components that control the orderly progression through cell cycle. In the mature nervous system, terminally differentiated neurons are permanently withdrawn from cell cycle, as mitotic quiescence is essential for the functional stability of the complexly wired neuronal system. Recently, we characterized the expression and colocalization of cyclins and Cdks in terminally differentiated pyramidal neurons. The functional impact of the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins in differentiated neurons, however, has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we show by immunoelectron microscopy and immunobiochemical methods an association of cyclins and Cdks with the microtubule network. Cyclins D, E, A and B as well as Cdks 1, 2 and 4 were also found to be associated with the microtubule‐associated protein tau. Cyclin/Cdk complexes, in addition, exhibit kinase activity towards tau. In vitro, downregulation of cyclins and Cdks by a siRNA approach and by pharmacological inhibition promotes neurite extension. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins in terminal differentiated neurons is associated with physiological functions beyond cell cycle control that might be involved in microtubule‐based mechanisms of neuroplasticity.