bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality Risk of Charcot Arthropathy Compared With That of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Diabetes Alone
Authors: Sohn Min-Woong , Lee Todd A. , Stuck Rodney M. , Frykberg Robert G. , Budiman-Mak Elly 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare mortality risks of patients with Charcot arthropathy with those of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and those of patients with diabetes alone (no ulcer or Charcot arthropathy).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort of 1,050 patients with incident Charcot arthropathy in 2003 in a large health care system was compared with patients with foot ulcer and those with diabetes alone. Mortality was determined during a 5-year follow-up period. Patients with Charcot arthropathy were matched to individuals in the other two groups using propensity score matching based on patient age, sex, race, marital status, diabetes duration, and diabetes control.

RESULTS
During follow-up, 28.0% of the sample died; 18.8% with diabetes alone and 37.0% with foot ulcer died compared with 28.3% with Charcot arthropathy. Multivariable Cox regression shows that, compared with Charcot arthropathy, foot ulcer was associated with 35% higher mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.35 [95% CI 1.18–1.54]) and diabetes alone with 23% lower risk (0.77 [0.66–0.90]). Of the patients with Charcot arthropathy, 63% experienced foot ulceration before or after the onset of the Charcot arthropathy. Stratified analyses suggest that Charcot arthropathy is associated with a significantly increased mortality risk independent of foot ulcer and other comorbidities.

CONCLUSIONS
Charcot arthropathy was significantly associated with higher mortality risk than diabetes alone and with lower risk than foot ulcer. Patients with foot ulcers tended to have a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease and macrovascular diseases than patients with Charcot arthropathy. This finding may explain the difference in mortality risks between the two groups.
Obesity and Albuminuria Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kramer Holly , Reboussin David , Bertoni Alain G. , Marcovina Santica , Lipkin Edward , Greenway Frank L. , Brancati Frederick L. ,   the Look Ahead Research Group
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between obesity measures and albuminuria in adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Study, BMI and waist circumference were measured among 4,985 participants while total percent body fat was measured by whole-body DEXA scans among 1,351 participants. Odds of albuminuria by quartiles of BMI, waist circumference, and percent total body fat were calculated using logistic regression analysis while adjusting for covariates.

RESULTS
The highest quartile of BMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.72 [95% CI 1.40–2.11]) and waist circumference (OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.42–2.15]) was significantly associated with albuminuria compared with the lowest quartile after adjustment for covariates. No associations were noted between quartiles of percent total body fat and albuminuria in any model.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased BMI and abdominal obesity are associated with albuminuria in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes.
Investigation of the effect of fluid elasticity on a cake filtration process
Authors: Surý Alexander , Machač Ivan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the constant pressure cake filtration of suspensions in viscoelastic fluids. The filtration equations, based on the capillary hybrid model for power law fluid flow, were used for the description of this type of filtration. Filtration experiments with suspensions of nearly spherical polystyrene particles Krasten in viscoelastic aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide Praestol were carried out at constant pressure in a laboratory cylindrical filtration unit. The fluid rheological properties were measured on a rotational rheometer Haake RheoStress 150. Elastic effects manifested themselves predominantly at the early period of the filtration due to higher filtration velocity which resulted in an evidently increased filtration resistance. Analysing the experimental data, procedures for the evaluation of the effective specific filter cake resistance γ ef, filter screen resistance R fs, and the elongation flow coefficient E have been proposed. The filtration process predicted using the proposed filtration equation agrees very well with that determined experimentally.
Rearrangement of N-(3-pyridyl)nitramine
Authors: Spaleniak Grzegorz , Daszkiewicz Zdzisław , Kyzioł Janusz 
Published: February 2009

AbstractContrary to other N-(pyridyl)nitramines, the title compound cannot be rearranged to 3-amino-2-nitropyridine or other isomers. Hypothetical products of its transformation under influence of concentrated sulphuric acid, viz. 3-hydroxypyridine, 3,3′-azoxypyridine and 3,3′-azopyridine, were obtained from 3-nitro- and 3-aminopyridine in oxidation and reduction reactions. N-(3-Pyridyl)nitramine was prepared and rearranged in concentrated sulphuric acid. 3-Hydroxypyridine and 3,3′-azoxypyridine were isolated from the reaction mixture, other products were identified by the HPLC and GCMS methods. The results indicate that N-(3-pyridyl)hydroxylamine is an intermediate formed from N-(3-pyridyl)nitramine under the influence of concentrated sulphuric acid. The reaction path, leading to the final products, is discussed in context of the mechanism of nitramine rearrangement.
Explicit Construction of the Modified Spherical Harmonic Series for the Gravity Gradients and Analysis of their Characteristics
Authors: Petrovskaya M. , Vershkov A. 
Published: February 2009

Explicit Construction of the Modified Spherical Harmonic Series for the Gravity Gradients and Analysis of their CharacteristicsThe present paper complements the research carried out in PV2008 (Petrovskaya and Vershkov, 2008), concerning the expansion of the gravity gradients in the local north-oriented reference frame in orthogonal series of modified spherical harmonics. In PV2008 procedures are developed for recovering the orthogonal bases of these series. Then an idea is briefly described how the spectral relations can be obtained between the gravity gradients and the geopotential. However no explicit procedures are demonstrated for their derivation. In the present paper successive transformations are described for each derivative which convert the initial non-orthogonal expansion into the orthogonal series. The resulting spectral relations are applied for evaluating the harmonic coefficients of these series at different altitudes, on the basis of the geopotential model EGM2008. The corresponding degree variances are estimated. The new simple expressions for the gravity gradients are convenient for various applications. In the present paper they are implemented for constructing digital colored maps for Fennoscandia region which attracts much attention of geophysicists. These maps visually demonstrate an anomalous behavior of the gravity gradients in this area.
Apolipoprotein E genotype and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Juvela Seppo , Siironen Jari , Lappalainen Jaakko 
Published: February 2009

Object
After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), conflicting results concerning an association between the APOE genotype and impaired outcome have been reported. The authors tested prospectively whether APOE ε2 or ε4 allele–containing genotypes (ε2+ and ε4+) affect outcome after SAH.

Methods
Previous disease histories and clinical and radiological variables were recorded for 105 patients who were admitted within 48 hours after SAH. Fifteen patients (14%) had the ε2+ genotype and 31 (17%) had ε4+ genotypes. Factors predicting poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale and cerebral infarction visible on CT scans obtained at 3 months after SAH were tested with multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
Apolipoprotein E ε2 or ε4–containing genotypes were not associated with outcome, occurrence of cerebral infarction, or with any of their predictors, either in univariate or multivariate analysis. Poor outcome was predicted independently by the occurrence of intraventricular bleeding and intracerebral hematoma as well as by elevated levels of both plasma glucose and D-dimer, and delayed cerebral ischemia (p < 0.05 for each factor), and in univariate analysis only by clinical condition on admission and patient age. Cerebral infarction was predicted independently according to clinical condition on admission (p < 0.05), amount of subarachnoid blood (p < 0.01), duration of intraoperative parent artery clipping (p < 0.01), and body mass index (p < 0.05). In the univariate analysis only cerebral infarction was also predicted by patient age, intracerebral hematoma, and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions
Severity of bleeding for the most part predicts outcome after SAH; APOE polymorphisms seem to have no prognostic value for outcome after SAH. This result was in accordance with the findings from the largest ischemic stroke studies.
Surgical treatment of parietal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Binder Devin K. , Podlogar Martin , Clusmann Hans , Bien Christian , Urbach Horst , Schramm Johannes , Kral Thomas 
Published: February 2009

Object
Parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE) accounts for a small percentage of extratemporal epilepsies, and only a few and mostly smaller series have been reported. Preoperative findings, surgical strategies, pathological bases, and postoperative outcomes for PLE remain to be elucidated.

Methods
Patients with PLE were identified by screening a prospective epilepsy surgery database established in 1989 at the University of Bonn. Charts, preoperative imaging studies, surgical reports, and neuropathological findings were reviewed. Seizure outcome was classified according to Engel class (I–IV).

Results
Forty patients (23 females and 17 males) with PLE were identified and had a mean age of 25.0 years and a mean preoperative epilepsy duration of 13.7 years. Nine patients had a significant medical history (for example, trauma, meningitis/encephalitis, or perinatal hypoxia). Preoperative MR imaging abnormalities were identified in 38 (95%) of 40 patients; 26 patients (65%) underwent invasive electroencephalography evaluation. After lesionectomy of the dominant (in 20 patients) or nondominant (in 20 patients) parietal lobe and additional multiple subpial transections (in 11 patients), 2 patients suffered from surgical and 12 from neurological complications, including temporary partial Gerstmann syndrome. There were no deaths. Histopathological analysis revealed 16 low-grade tumors, 11 cortical dysplasias, 9 gliotic scars, 2 cavernous vascular malformations, and 1 granulomatous inflammation. In 1 case, no histopathological diagnosis could be made. After a mean follow-up of 45 months, 27 patients (67.5%) became seizure free or had rare seizures (57.5% Engel Class I; 10% Engel Class II; 27.5% Engel Class III; and 5% Engel Class IV).

Conclusions
Parietal lobe epilepsy is an infrequent cause of extratemporal epilepsy. Satisfactory results (Engel Classes I and II) were obtained in 67.5% of patients in our series. A temporary partial hemisensory or Gerstmann syndrome occurs in a significant number of patients.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging changes after sorafenib and sunitinib chemotherapy in patients with advanced renal cell and breast carcinoma
Authors: Hill Kenneth L. , Lipson Adam C. , Sheehan Jonas M. 
Published: February 2009

Object
The authors report novel imaging findings associated with the treatment of sorafenib (Nexavar) and sunitinib (Sutant), 2 agents used in the treatment of advanced metastatic disease.

Methods
Patients with renal cell and breast carcinoma metastases to the brain were identified from the prospective database at the Penn State Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Cancer Institute.

Results
Four patients who received sorafenib or sunitinib after surgical or radiosurgical treatment of their metastases were identified from the database. Clinical and/or radiographic changes consisting of seizures and cognitive or motor changes were described, associated with an increase in peritumoral edema and enhancement. These findings were observed to improve with discontinuation of the medications.

Conclusions
The administration of sorafenib and sunitinib in patients with metastatic breast and renal cell carcinoma may lead to reversible clinical and imaging changes following surgical or radiosurgical treatment of their brain lesions. The authors hypothesize that leakage of the drug across a locally impaired blood-brain barrier contributes to peritumoral edema and inflammation, which may be erroneously interpreted as disease progression.
A screening platform for glioma growth and invasion using bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Zhao Hong , Tang Carol , Cui Kemi , Ang Beng-Ti , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: February 2009

Object
The study of tumor cell growth and invasion in cancer biology is often limited by the inability to visualize tumor cell behavior in real time in animal models. The authors provide evidence that glioma cells are heterogeneous, with a subset responsible for increased invasiveness. The use of bioluminescence (BL) imaging to investigate dynamic aspects of glioma progression are discussed.

Methods
Glioblastoma multiforme–initiating cells were generated under conditions typically used to sustain neural stem cells. The invasiveness potential was determined using a Matrigel chamber. The presence of an “invasiveness gene signature” that correlated with patient survival outcome was ascertained through microarray gene expression analysis. To measure invasiveness, the authors devised a method focussed on BL imaging and tested it in vitro and in vivo using a zebrafish xenograft model. Bioluminescence imaging signals were verified using known inhibitors of glioma growth: AEE788, N-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester, and compound E.

Results
The authors' data support the idea that glioblastoma multiforme–initiating cells are heterogeneous and possess an invasive subset; BL imaging was used as a readout method to assess this invasive subset. The in vitro data obtained using a known glioma growth inhibitor, AEE788, showed that BL imaging could detect cellular movement and invasion even before overall cell death was detectable on conventional viability assays. Further work using a zebrafish tumor xenograft model supported the efficacy of BL imaging in monitoring changes in tumor load.

Conclusions
The authors used optically transparent zebrafish and high-resolution confocal imaging to track tumor growth in vivo and demonstrate the efficacy of this model for screening antitumor and antiangiogenic compounds. The integration of zebrafish transgenic technology into human cancer biological studies may aid in the development of cancer models targeting specific organs, tissues, or cell types within tumors. Zebrafish could also provide a cost-effective means for the rapid development of therapeutic agents directed at blocking tumor growth and invasion.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion during carotid endarterectomy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mack William J. , Kellner Christopher P. , Sahlein Daniel H. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Kim Grace H. , Mocco J , Zurica Joseph , Komotar Ricardo J. , Haque Raqeeb , Sciacca Robert , Quest Donald O. , Solomon Robert A. , Connolly E. Sander , Heyer Eric J. 
Published: February 2009

Object
Recent data from both experimental and clinical studies have supported the use of intravenous magnesium as a potential therapy in the setting of cerebral ischemia. This study assessed whether intraoperative magnesium therapy improves neuropsychometric testing (NPT) following carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Methods
One hundred eight patients undergoing CEA were randomly assigned to receive placebo infusion or 1 of 3 magnesium-dosing protocols. Neuropsychometric testing was performed 1 day after surgery and compared with baseline performance. Assessment was also performed on a set of 35 patients concurrently undergoing lumbar laminectomy to serve as a control group for NPT. A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of magnesium therapy on NPT. A subgroup analysis was then performed, analyzing the impact of each intraoperative dose on NPT.

Results
Patients treated with intravenous magnesium infusion demonstrated less postoperative neurocognitive impairment than those treated with placebo (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.74, p = 0.01). When stratified according to dosing bolus and intraoperative magnesium level, those who were treated with low-dose magnesium had less cognitive decline than those treated with placebo (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.50, p < 0.01). Those in the high-dose magnesium group demonstrated no difference from the placebo-treated group.

Conclusions
Low-dose intraoperative magnesium therapy protects against neurocognitive decline following CEA.
Occult Filaria Infection: Could it be a Cause of Chronic Dry Cough?
Authors: Chowdhury Abdul Wadud , Saha Amitav , Chowdhury Ziaur Rahman , Abdullah Abu Sadique 
Published: February 2009

Background: Management of chronic dry cough is a challenging problem for physicians. A significant proportion of patients remain undiagnosed and not cured for a long period. So this study was undertaken to identify etiology of chronic dry cough.Methods: A prospective study was done in a private center, Dhaka during the period of April 2007-February, 2008 among 80 patients who were suffering from chronic dry cough for more than three months.Results: 80 patients of chronic dry cough were prospectively studied on the basis of history, clinical examination and investigation reports. Among them, (41, 51.25%) were diagnosed as having usual causes of dry cough like cough variant asthma (21, 26.25%), heart Failure (10, 12.5%), sinusitis/post nasal drip (4.5%), gastro esophageal reflux disease (2, 2.5%) and drug- ACE inhibitor (4,5%). This group of patients improved after treatment of their primary cause except 6 (7.5%), who showed no improvement. These patients and the rest 39 (48.75%) patients did not have any discernible cause of chronic cough. They were evaluated by CFT for filaria. Among them, 20 cases (25%) showed moderate to strongly positive result. This CFT filaria positive group was treated with a combination of ivermectin and albendazole. Patients were followed up for up to four months. Result showed cough was totally absent in 80% treated patients with the rest 20% showing significant improvement.Conclusion: This study advocates that, significant proportion of chronic dry cough patients were actually suffering from occult filaria and they responded well to treatment with drugsivermectin and albendazole combination. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1994 J Medicine 2009; 10: 3-6
Laboratory Tests Required to Reach the Diagnosis in Patients with Grossly Elevated ESR
Authors: Haque Md Zahirul , Alam Saki Md Zakul , Noman Mesbahuddin , Siddique Md Abu Naser , Azhar Md 
Published: February 2009

This study was done in medicine indoor department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2004 to March 2004. Consecutive 100 patients, who were found to have an ESR equal to or more than 100 mm in 1st hour, were included in this study. Among them 56 were male and 44 were female. All of them were classified in five age groups. Haematological disorder appeared to be the most common cause (41%) of marked ESR elevation; followed by infectious diseases (36%) and connective tissue disorders (17%). In 4% cases the cause can not be elicited. In this study, most commonly done investigation was peripheral blood film (76 patients) and gave positive clue to diagnosis in 45% cases. Bone marrow study was done in 53 cases and gave positive diagnosis in 69% cases. Other tests with high diagnostic yield were RA test (35%), X-ray spine (62%), Widal test (42%), Splenic aspirate study for kala-azar (46%), DAT for kala-azar (47%), FNAC of lymph node (77%), Pleural fluid study (100%). Most of the patients have needed 3 (46% patient) to 4 (27% patient) special investigations along with routine investigations to reach the diagnosis. doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1995 Â J Medicine 2009; 10: 7-11 Â Â
Steroid Dependent Ulcerated Erythema Nodosum Leprosum 16 Years after Successful Treatment of Leprosy
Authors: Nur Zannatun , Mohammed Fazle Rabbi , Chowdhury Monzurul H , Shams Md Ziaus , Alam Md Billal , Ahasan HAM Nazmul 
Published: February 2009

Leprosy could be best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses. The second is lepra reaction, whose course and sequelae often extend many years beyond the cure of the infection and may have severely debilitating physical, social, and psychological consequences. Type-2 lepra reaction is also termed Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) regardless of the site of involvement, which is in turn a Coomb and Gell Type III hypersensitivity reaction. The paradox of ENL is that it can be a life-threatening disorder and requires control with immunosuppression which may itself pose life-threatening risks for patients Indian studies found its prevalence rate of almost 50% in those with LL and 9% in BL cases and the mean time to presentation with ENL was 3.7 months after starting multi-drug therapy (MDT). Hitherto we report a severe and steroid dependent case of chronic ulcerated ENL, not only occurred sixteen years after successful treatment of lepromatous leprosy, but also had an unusual initial presentation of arthritis. To the best of our knowledge, ENL for such a prolonged period of 15 years was not reported earlier. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.2002J Medicine 2009; 10: 31-33
Pattern of Lipid Profile and Obesity among Secretariat Employees of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Billal , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Islam Md Ziaul , Islam Md Nazrul , Mohammed Fazle Rabbi , Nur Zannatun , Mahbub Md. Shahriar , Faiz Md Abul 
Published: February 2009

Background: By the dawn of this modern era of science, the prime challenge of physician is cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The most important modifiable risk factors of CVDs are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. The effects of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity include abnormal blood lipid and obesity. We tried to evaluate the lipid profile and obesity among the employees of Bangladesh Secretariat.Methods: This cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out among 1000 employees of Bangladesh Secretariat in December, 2008. All classes of employees irrespective of age or sex were included. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting lipid profile were measured in each case. Socio-demographic variables and different related risk factors were also evaluated.Result: Out of 1000 employees with a male, female ratio of 4.75:1, 65% had sedentary life style.20.6% were smoker and only 0.05% had a history of taking alcohol regularly. 10.1% had a history of hyperlipidemia in first degree relatives. Only 2.1% were known cases of hyperlipidemia. BMI of 47% employees were in normal range with a mean 24.38 Â± 3.14 SD. Mean fasting total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride (TG) level was found 170.65 Â± 39.37, 103.72 Â± 30.9, 36.45 Â± 5.93 and 169 Â± 97.69 SD respectively. Abnormal fasting total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and TG were found in 17.3%, 48.5%, 75.6% and 48.5% employees respectively.Â Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and obesity are two important modifiable risk factors of CVDs. Early detection and prevention of obesity and abnormal lipid profile can largely reduce morbidity and mortality and alleviate undue burden on our limited health budget. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2007J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 3-6