bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclin E Expression and Outcome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Skalicky David A. , Kench James G. , Segara Davendra , Coleman Maxwell J. , Sutherland Robert L. , Henshall Susan M. , Musgrove Elizabeth A. , Biankin Andrew V. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The association of high cyclin E expression with poor outcome in some cancers, in particular breast cancer, suggests that it may play an important role in tumor biology. Because the influence of cyclin E expression on outcome is yet to be examined in pancreatic cancer, we assessed the relationship between the expression of cyclin E, p27Kip1, and survival in a large cohort of pancreatic cancer patients with long-term follow-up. Expression of cyclin E and p27Kip1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays of tumor samples from 118 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (75 resections and 43 biopsies). High cyclin E expression (&gt;10% positive nuclei) was identified in 39 of 118 (33%) patients. This was associated with poor prognosis on univariate analysis in the whole cohort (P = 0.005), as well as in the subgroup of 75 patients who underwent operative resection (P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, high cyclin E expression was an independent predictor of poor survival in both the entire cohort (P = 0.005) and the resected subgroup (P = 0.03), and was superior to all tested clinicopathologic factors (tumor size, lymph node metastases, differentiation, margin involvement, and perineural invasion) as a marker of survival. Low p27Kip1 expression (&lt;5% positive nuclei) was present in 41 of 111 (37%) patients, but was not associated with survival, and coexpression of p27Kip1 did not influence the association of high cyclin E expression with poor survival. High cyclin E expression is a strong independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer. Thus, if these data are confirmed in independent cohorts, measurement of cyclin E may add significant prognostic information to the currently used clinicopathologic variables and hence have potential clinical utility in the management of this disease. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1941–7)
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Risk: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Pereira Tiago Veiga , Rudnicki Martina , Pereira Alexandre Costa , Pombo-de-Oliveira Maria S. , Franco Rendrik França 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is evidence supporting a role for 5-10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To provide a more robust estimate of the effect of MTHFR polymorphisms on the risk of ALL, we did a meta-analysis to reevaluate the association between the two most commonly studied MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and ALL risk. All case-control studies investigating an association between the C677T or A1298C polymorphisms and risk of ALL were included. We applied both fixed-effects and random-effects models to combine odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Q-statistic was used to evaluate the homogeneity and both Egger and Begg-Mazumdar tests were used to assess publication bias. The meta-analysis of the C677T polymorphism and risk of childhood ALL included 13 studies with a total of 4,894 individuals. Under a fixed-effects model, the TT genotype failed to be associated with a statistically significant reduction of childhood ALL risk (TT versus CT + CC: OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73-1.06; P = 0.18). However, individuals homozygous for the 677T allele exhibited a 2.2-fold decrease in risk of adult ALL (TT versus CT + CC: OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26-0.77; P = 0.004). In both cases, no evidence of heterogeneity was observed. No association between the A1298C variant and susceptibility to both adult and childhood ALL was disclosed. Our findings support the proposal that the common genetic C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR contributes to the risk of adult ALL, but not to the childhood ALL susceptibility. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1956–63)
Reproducibility and Expression of Skin Biomarkers in Sun-Damaged Skin and Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Einspahr Janine G. , Xu Min-Jian , Warneke James , Saboda Kathylynn , Ranger-Moore James , Bozzo Paul , Duckett Laura , Goldman Rayna , Lin Po , Buckmeier Julie , Alberts David S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectives: To explore p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and polyamine content as biomarkers in skin cancer chemoprevention trials, we evaluated their expression in early stages of UV-induced squamous cell tumorigenesis.Methods: Biopsies were collected from three groups: 78 subjects with sun damage on forearms, 33 with actinic keratosis (AK) on forearms, and 32 with previous squamous cell carcinoma. Participants with sun damage were randomized to sunscreen or no sunscreen.Results: We found significant differences in p53 and polyamines in forearms from the sun-damaged group (11.5 ± 1.2% for p53, 65.5 ± 1.9 nmol/g for putrescine, and 187.7 ± 3.3 nmol/g for spermidine) compared with the group with sun damage plus AK (20.9 ± 2.3% for p53, P = 0.0001; 81.7 ± 3.9 nmol/g for putrescine, P = 0.0001; 209.4 ± 8.2 nmol/g for spermidine, P &lt; 0.06). PCNA was not different. When lesion histology was considered, there was a stepwise significant increase in p53 in biopsies without characteristics of AK compared with early AK (P = 0.02) and AK (P = 0.0006) and a similar pattern for PCNA with the only significant difference between early AK and AK. There was a stepwise increase in putrescine and spermidine in normal, sun-damaged forearm, forearm from subjects with AK, and the AK lesion itself (P &lt; 0.0001). No significant differences in p53 or polyamines were seen in 3-month biopsies or, as a result of sunscreen use, although PCNA in the sun-damaged group not using sunscreen decreased significantly.Conclusions: p53 expression and polyamines in skin were elevated in early stages of skin tumorigenesis and were not affected by sunscreen, adding validity to their use as biomarkers in skin cancer chemoprevention trials. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1841–8)
Mutagen Sensitivity and Neoplastic Progression in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Chao Dennis L. , Maley Carlo C. , Wu Xifeng , Farrow Diana C. , Galipeau Patricia C. , Sanchez Carissa A. , Paulson Thomas G. , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Reid Brian J. , Spitz Margaret R. , Vaughan Thomas L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background: Defects in DNA damage recognition and repair have been associated with a wide variety of cancers. We conducted a prospective study to determine whether mutagen sensitivity, as determined by an in vitro assay, was associated with the future development of cancer in patients with Barrett's esophagus, which is associated with increased risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Methods: We measured sensitivity to bleomycin in peripheral blood lymphocytes in a cohort of 220 patients with Barrett's esophagus. We followed these patients for 1,230 person-years (range, 3 months to 10.1 years; median, 6.4 years), using development of cancer and aneuploidy as end points. A subset of these patients was evaluated for inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes CDKN2A/p16 and TP53 [by mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH)] in their Barrett's segments at the time of, or before, the bleomycin test, and the patients were stratified by CDKN2A/p16 and TP53 status in an analysis of mutagen sensitivity and progression.
Results: Bleomycin-sensitive patients were found to be at significantly greater risk of developing aneuploidy (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-9.53) and nonsignificantly greater risk of cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-3.75). Among patients with detectable LOH at the TP53 locus (on chromosome 17p), increasing bleomycin sensitivity was associated with increased risk of developing cancer (Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and aneuploidy (Ptrend = 0.005).
Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that sensitivity to mutagens increases the risk of neoplastic progression in persons with Barrett's esophagus, particularly those with 17p LOH including TP53. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1935–40)
Maternal Androgen and Estrogen Concentrations Are Not Associated with Blood Pressure Changes in Uncomplicated Pregnancies
Authors: Troisi Rebecca , Vatten Lars , Hoover Robert N. , Roberts James M. , Cole Bernard F. , Potischman Nancy 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Systolic blood pressure increase between the second and third trimester of pregnancy has been associated with a substantially reduced maternal breast cancer risk, and it has been suggested that elevated androgens mediate the association. Androgen and estrogen concentrations were measured in maternal serum collected in 86 uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies. Overall, there were no consistent or statistically significant patterns of association between the hormones and systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial blood pressure or blood pressure change between trimesters. Results were similar with adjustment for factors related to the hormones. These data are not consistent with the hypothesis that elevated androgen concentrations mediate the observed reduction in maternal breast cancer risk associated with increases in blood pressure over the pregnancy. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):2013–5)
CpG DNA activation and plasma-cell differentiation of CD27− naive human B cells
Authors: Huggins Jennifer , Pellegrin Tina , Felgar Raymond E. , Wei Chungwen , Brown Miguel , Zheng Bo , Milner Eric C. B. , Bernstein Steven H. , Sanz Ignacio , Zand Martin S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnmethylated CpG DNA activation of naive CD27− B cells has been reported to require B-cell–receptor (BCR) cross-linking. We describe a culture system using CpG DNA with sequential steps for T-cell–independent activation of naive CD19+CD27− human peripheral blood B cells that induces efficient CD138+ plasma-cell differentiation. CD27+ and CD27− B cells were cultured in a 3-step system: (1) days 0 to 4: CpG, IL-2/10/15; (2) days 4 to 7: IL-2/6/10/15 and anti-CD40L; (3) days 7 to 10: IL-6/15, IFN-α, hepatocyte growth factor, and hyaluronic acid. Both CD27+ and CD27− B cells up-regulated intracytoplasmic TLR-9 following CpG DNA activation. CD27− B-cell activation required cell-cell contact. Both naive and memory B cells progressed to a plasma-cell phenotype: CD19lowCD20lowCD27+CD38+HLA-DRlow. Seventy percent of the CD27−-derived CD138+ cells demonstrated productive V chain rearrangements without somatic mutations, confirming their origin from naive precursors. Plasma cells derived from CD27+ B cells were primarily IgG+, while those from CD27− B cells were IgM+. Our results indicate that under certain conditions, naive B cells increase TLR-9 expression and proliferate to CpG DNA stimulation without BCR signaling. In addition to its immunologic significance, this system should be a valuable method to interrogate the antigenic specificity of naive B cells.
Humoral immune response and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor genotype are associated with better clinical outcome following idiotype vaccination in follicular lymphoma patients regardless of their response to induction chemotherapy
Authors: Weng Wen-Kai , Czerwinski Debra , Levy Ronald 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We have reported that anti-idiotype antibody response and FcγRIIIa 158 valine/valine (V/V) genotype both correlate with better outcome in a group of 136 follicular lymphoma patients receiving idiotype vaccination after induction chemotherapy. Here, we examined whether this correlation is related in any way to the chemotherapy response. In patients with complete response (CR), the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 69% for patients with antibody response and/or V/V genotype, while the PFS was only 40% for patients with neither; the median time to progression (TTP) was 10.47 versus 3.46 years (P = .012). In patients with partial response (PR), the 5-year PFS was 57% for patients with antibody response and/or V/V genotype, and 17% for patients with neither; the median TTP was not reached versus 1.31 years (P = .001). This study further confirms the strong association of clinical outcome with antibody response and with the functionally more active form of the Fc receptor in patients receiving idiotype vaccination regardless of their response to induction chemotherapy.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is protective during severe Gram-negative pneumonia
Authors: Renckens Rosemarijn , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , Bonta Peter I. , Florquin Sandrine , de Vries Carlie J. M. , Levi Marcel , Carmeliet Peter , van't Veer Cornelis , van der Poll Tom 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) levels are consistently elevated in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis and highly predictive for an unfavorable outcome. In addition, pneumonia is associated with strongly elevated PAI-1 levels in the pulmonary compartment. However, whether PAI-1 causally affects antibacterial host defense in vivo remains unknown. We report here that pneumonia caused by the common respiratory pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with local production of PAI-1 in the lungs of wild-type mice. PAI-1 deficiency impaired host defense as reflected by enhanced lethality and increased bacterial growth and dissemination in mice with a targeted deletion of the PAI-1 gene. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of PAI-1 in the lung using a replication-defective adenoviral vector markedly improved host defense against Klebsiella pneumonia and sepsis. PAI-1 deficiency reduced accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs during pneumonia, whereas PAI-1 overexpression in healthy lungs resulted in neutrophil influx, suggesting that PAI-1 protects the host against Klebsiella pneumonia by promoting neutrophil recruitment to the pulmonary compartment. These data demonstrate for the first time that PAI-1 is essential for host defense against severe Gram-negative pneumonia.
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 Update of the Breast Cancer Follow-Up and Management Guidelines in the Adjuvant Setting
Authors: Khatcheressian James L. , Wolff Antonio C. , Smith Thomas J. , Grunfeld Eva , Muss Hyman B. , Vogel Victor G. , Halberg Francine , Somerfield Mark R. , Davidson Nancy E. 
Published: October 2006

Purpose To update the 1999 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline on breast cancer follow-up and management in the adjuvant setting. Methods An ASCO Expert Panel reviewed pertinent information from the literature through March 2006. More weight was given to studies that tested a hypothesis directly relating testing to one of the primary outcomes in a randomized design. Results The evidence supports regular history, physical examination, and mammography as the cornerstone of appropriate breast cancer follow-up. All patients should have a careful history and physical examination performed by a physician experienced in the surveillance of cancer patients and in breast examination. Examinations should be performed every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For those who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed. Patients at high risk for familial breast cancer syndromes should be referred for genetic counseling. The use of CBCs, chemistry panels, bone scans, chest radiographs, liver ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, or tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 15-3, and CA 27.29) is not recommended for routine breast cancer follow-up in an otherwise asymptomatic patient with no specific findings on clinical examination. Conclusion Careful history taking, physical examination, and regular mammography are recommended for appropriate detection of breast cancer recurrence.
Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Adult Women with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Filipsson Helena , Holmdahl Gundela , Janson Per-Olof , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Hagenfeldt Kerstin , Thorén Marja 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Context: The chronic, often supraphysiological glucocorticoid doses used in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) might increase morbidity in cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Objective: Our aim was to assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in CAH women.
Subjects, Methods, and Design: We compared 61 women, 18–63 yr, with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency with 61 age- and sex- matched controls. Twenty-seven were younger than 30 yr, and 34 were 30 yr or older. Anthropometry, fat and lean mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, serum lipids, insulin, and adrenocortical steroids were studied.
Main Outcome Measure: Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were the main outcome measures.
Results: Younger patients and controls had similar waist to hip ratio, lean and fat mass, and insulin. Older patients had higher waist to hip ratio, lean mass, and insulin than controls. Fat mass was similar to controls but higher than in younger patients. Lipid profiles were slightly more favorable in older patients than controls. Gestational diabetes was more common in patients (21% of pregnancies vs. 0, P &lt; 0.026). Few older patients had hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. Despite moderate glucocorticoid doses, most patients had suppressed androgens.
Conclusions: No clear evidence of unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors were found. Increased fat mass and higher insulin levels were, however, found in patients older than 30 yr. High frequency of gestational diabetes is a risk marker for future diabetes. Lifelong follow-up, lifestyle modifications, and attempts to adjust and reduce the glucocorticoid doses seem important.
The relationship between the nasal cycle and mucociliary clearance
Authors: Littlejohn Mark C. , Stiernberg Charles M. , Hokanson James A. , Quinn Francis B. , Bailey Byron J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNasal airway resistances were measured bilaterally on subjects at 30‐minute intervals over 6 hours using anterior rhinomanometry. The first 10 subjects found to exhibit alternating congestion and decongestion of the nasal mucosa (i.e., the nasal cycle) were included in the study. Using the saccharin method, nasal mucociliary clearance was determined for each subject in both the congested and decongested phases of the cycle. The results were statistically significant at the P<.09 level, highly suggestive of a difference in nasal mucociliary clearance between the two phases of the cycle, with the congested phase having the more rapid clearance. However, when compared to the mucociliary clearance times in disease states, the difference in transport times between the two phases is probably not clinically significant.
Stapedectomy techniques in residency training
Authors: Strunk Chester L. , Quinn Francis B. , Bailey Byron J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe KTP‐532 laser has decreased the technical difficulty involved in teaching and performing a stapedectomy in our residency program. Use of this laser has resulted in improved hearing and a decreased number of major and minor complications compared to an equal number of large fenestra stapedectomies performed with hand‐held instruments. The major disadvantages of the KTP‐532 laser are its cost and limited availability, and the inconvenience of a micromanipulator. The laser should not be relied upon entirely in performing a stapedotomy on a thick footplate. The University of Texas Medical Branch experience in training residents in both large and small fenestra stapedectomy is reported.
Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery
Authors: Jenkins Herman A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWith advances in imaging, intracanalicular acoustic neuromas are identified readily in patients including, oftentimes, those with serviceable hearing. Fourteen patients were operated on in an attempt to preserve hearing. Hearing was retained in 10 (71%) of the 14. Serviceable hearing was present in 7 (50%), borderline serviceable hearing in 2 (14%), and nonserviceable hearing in 1 (7%). The problems, advantages, and disadvantages of the differing approaches are discussed.
Temporal bone fractures: Longitudinal or oblique? The case for oblique temporal bone fractures
Authors: Ghorayeb Bechara Y. , Yeakley Joel W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractClassical descriptions and illustrations of temporal bone fractures are misleading. Both oblique and longitudinal fractures produce a similar fracture line in the middle cranial fossa; however, externally, they are different. Oblique fractures cross the petrotympanic fissure while longitudinal fractures run within it. In a study of 150 temporal bone fractures, the majority were oblique. An array of fracture planes accounts for most of the fractures observed. Depending on the direction of trauma, fracture planes rotate around an anteroposterior axis. When they approach the horizontal (axial) plane, they result in oblique fractures. True longitudinal fractures are rare. They are vertical and perpendicular to the oblique planes.
Surgery for recurrent and residual cholesteatoma
Authors: Weiss Michael H. , Parisier Simon C. , Han Jin C. , Edelstein David R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred twelve patients (116 ears) were treated for recurrent and residual cholesteatoma. A retrospective review revealed that 66% had undergone canal wall down mastoidectomy at the previous surgery. The surgical procedure at revision was selected on the basis of an intraoperative assessment of the extent of disease, and clinical prediction of eustachian tube function. The average period of follow‐up was 3.4 years. Revision surgery was successful in providing the patient with a safe, dry ear in 105 (91%) of 116 cases. Surgical principles and hearing results are presented.
Once‐A‐Day therapy for sinusitis: A comparison study of cefixime and amoxicillin
Authors: Edelstein David R. , Avner Sanford E. , Chow James M. , Duerksen Roger L. , Johnson Jonas , Ronis Max , Rybak Leonard P. , Bierman Warren C. , Matthews Brian L. , Kohlbrenner Veronika M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of a once‐a‐day antibiotic in the treatment of sinusitis was studied. Two randomly assigned groups were treated with either once‐a‐day cefixime, a third generation cephalosporin, or amoxicillin three times a day.One hundred and fourteen patients were evaluated with antral punctures, microbiologic evaluation, and radiographic studies. Cultures revealed 40% gram‐negative organisms, 48% gram‐positive, and 12% anaerobes. The most common bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and viridans group streptococci. Ninety‐four percent of the cefixime group were cured compared with 96% of the amoxicillin group. Staphylococcus resistance was a problem in both groups, necessitating an occasional change to amoxicillin‐clavulanate potassium in the amoxicillin group.Once‐a‐day antibiotics offer the potential for improved compliance in the treatment of sinusitis. Cefixime offers an additional benefit of covering β‐lactamase producing strains of bacteria which are increasing in incidence and resistant to many penicillins.