bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Birch Reduction with Low Reactive Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: Nallaparaju Jagadeesh Varma , Satsi Riin , Merzhyievskyi Danylo , Jarg Tatsiana , Aav Riina , Kananovich Dzmitry G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBirch reduction and similar dissolved metal‐type transformations hold significant importance in the organic synthesis toolbox. Historically, the field has been dominated by alkali metal reductants. In this study, we report that largely neglected, low‐reactive alkaline earth metals can become powerful and affordable reductants when used in a ball mill under essentially solvent‐free conditions, in the presence of ethylenediamine and THF as liquid additives. Calcium can reduce both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich arenes, with yields of products similar to those obtained with lithium metal. Magnesium reveals enhanced reducing power, enabling the reduction of benzoic acids while keeping electron‐rich aromatic moieties intact and allows for chemoselective transformations. The developed mechanochemical approach uses readily available and safer‐to‐handle metals, operates under air and ambient temperature conditions, and can be used for gram‐scale preparations. Finally, we demonstrate that the developed conditions can be used for other dissolved metal‐type reductive transformations, including reductive amination, deoxygenation, dehalogenation, alkene and alkyne reductions.
Convex unknown input observer for sensor fault estimation of nonlinear descriptor systems via linear matrix inequalities
Authors: Ortiz Nery , Linares Eduardo , Santillan Raul , López‐Estrada Francisco‐Ronay , Estrada‐Manzo Victor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel convex unknown input observer for simultaneously estimating system states and sensor faults in nonlinear systems. The observer design is based on the Lyapunov method and provides conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities. The methodology allows handling a larger family of systems than previous approaches as it considers unknown premise variables for the convex error system. Numerical simulations and real‐time experiments demonstrate the effectiveness in practical applications. The results suggest that the proposed convex observer can accurately estimate system states and sensor faults.
Gestational thyroid hormones and autism‐related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies
Authors: Zhong Caichen , Rando Juliette , Patti Marisa A. , Braun Joseph M. , Chen Aimin , Xu Yingying , Lanphear Bruce P. , Yolton Kimberly , Croen Lisa A. , Fallin M. Daniele , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Newschaffer Craig J. , Lyall Kristen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment. Few studies have considered associations with quantitatively measured autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐related traits, which may help elucidate associations for a broader population. Participants were drawn from two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), enrolling pregnant women who already had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, following pregnant women from the greater Cincinnati, OH area. Gestational thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in mid‐pregnancy 16 (±3) weeks gestation serum samples. ASD‐related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at ages 3–8 years. The association was examined using quantile regression, adjusting for maternal and sociodemographic factors. 278 participants (132 from EARLI, 146 from HOME) were included. TSH distributions were similar across cohorts, while FT4 levels were higher in EARLI compared to HOME. In pooled analyses, particularly for those in the highest SRS quantile (95th percentile), higher FT4 levels were associated with increasing SRS scores (β = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.93, 9.48), and higher TSH levels were associated with decreasing SRS scores (β = −6.94, 95% CI = −11.04, −2.83). The association between TSH and SRS remained significant in HOME for the 95% percentile of SRS scores (β = −6.48, 95% CI = −12.16, −0.80), but not EARLI. Results for FT4 were attenuated when examined in the individual cohorts. Our results add to evidence that gestational thyroid hormones may be associated with ASD‐related outcomes by suggesting that relationships may differ across the distribution of ASD‐related traits and by familial likelihood of ASD.
Nachhaltiger Hochwasserschutz in zweierlei Hinsicht
Authors: Ehlers Gerd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDie Küstenlinie der Insel Sylt ist im Besonderen im Bereich der Uferwand Westerland der Erosion ausgesetzt. Um einen fortschreitenden Abbruch der Küstenlinie zu verhindern, musste die vorhandene Ufermauer, im Ursprung aus dem Jahre 1912 und 1923 verstärkt, in ihrer Schutzfunktion zwingend erhalten bleiben. Auch bei der baulichen Umsetzung für den Neubau war dies maßgeblich und zu berücksichtigen. Die gesamte Hochwasserschutzanlage befand sich in einem schlechten Zustand, sodass akuter Handlungsbedarf bestand. Zusätzlich zur Beseitigung des schlechten Zustands der vorhandenen Uferwand wurde unter Berücksichtigung zukünftiger klimatischer Veränderungen eine Erhöhung der Küstenschutzanlage geplant und umgesetzt. Die aktuelle Wandhöhe entsprach nicht mehr dem technischen Standard, um Sturmflutereignisse abzuwehren. Der Neubau der Hochwasserschutzanlage hat nach aktuellem technischem Standard ein Schutzniveau von NHN +6,95 m. Die Wand kann zukünftig bei Bedarf mit relativ geringem Aufwand auf NHN +7,45 m erhöht werden und trägt somit bereits heute dem fortschreitenden Klimawandel Rechnung. Nachhaltiges Bauen in zweierlei Hinsicht – unter Erhalt des Bestands und unter Berücksichtigung künftiger Klimawandelanpassungsmaßnahmen. Die Bauunternehmung Gebr. Echterhoff GmbH & Co. KG – Niederlassung Hamburg – führte den Bau von fünf der insgesamt neun Abschnitte mit einer Länge von ca. 355 m bei einer Gesamtlänge von ca. 665 m erfolgreich durch.
The contours of evolution: In defence of Darwin's tree of life paradigm
Authors: van der Gulik Peter T. S. , Hoff Wouter D. , Speijer Dave 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoth the concept of a Darwinian tree of life (TOL) and the possibility of its accurate reconstruction have been much criticized. Criticisms mostly revolve around the extensive occurrence of lateral gene transfer (LGT), instances of uptake of complete organisms to become organelles (with the associated subsequent gene transfer to the nucleus), as well as the implications of more subtle aspects of the biological species concept. Here we argue that none of these criticisms are sufficient to abandon the valuable TOL concept and the biological realities it captures. Especially important is the need to conceptually distinguish between organismal trees and gene trees, which necessitates incorporating insights of widely occurring LGT into modern evolutionary theory. We demonstrate that all criticisms, while based on important new findings, do not invalidate the TOL. After considering the implications of these new insights, we find that the contours of evolution are best represented by a TOL.
Contemporary experience of mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair technology in patients with mitral annular calcification
Authors: Mustafa Ahmad , Basman Craig , Cinelli Michael P. , Goldberg Ythan , Wang Denny , Patel Vidhi , Kaur Arpanjeet , Singh Priyanka , Wei Chapman , Paliwoda Ethan , Kodra Arber , Pirelli Luigi , Thampi Shankar , Maniatis Gregory , Rutkin Bruce , Kalimi Robert , Koss Elana , Trost Biana , Supariwala Azhar A. , Jacob Scheinerman Samuel , Kliger Chad A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMitral annular calcification (MAC) has been an exclusion for many of the earlier pivotal trials that were instrumental in gaining device approval and indications for mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (M‐TEER).AimsTo evaluate the impact of MAC on the procedural durability and success of newer generation MitraClip® systems (G3 and G4 systems).MethodsData were collected from Northwell TEER registry. Patients that underwent M‐TEER with third or fourth generation MitraClip device were included. Patients were divided into −MAC (none‐mild) and +MAC (moderate‐severe) groups. Procedural success was defined as ≤ grade 2 + mitral regurgitation (MR) postprocedure, and durability was defined as ≤ grade 2 + MR retention at 1 month and 1 year. Univariate analysis compared outcomes between groups.ResultsOf 260 M‐TEER patients, 160 were −MAC and 100 were +MAC. Procedural success was comparable; however, there were three patients who required conversion to cardiac surgery during the index hospitalization in the +MAC group versus none in the −MAC group (though this was not statistically significant). At 1‐month follow‐up, there were no significant differences in MR severity. At 1‐year follow‐up, +MAC had higher moderate‐severe MR (22.1% vs. 7.5%; p = 0.002) and higher mean transmitral gradients (5.3 vs. 4.0 mmHg; p = 0.001) with no differences in mortality, New York Heart Association functional class or ejection fraction.ConclusionIn selective patients with high burden of MAC, contemporary M‐TEER is safe, and procedural success is similar to patients with none‐mild MAC. However, a loss of procedural durability was seen in +MAC group at 1‐year follow‐up. Further studies with longer follow‐ups are required to assess newer mTEER devices and their potential clinical implications in patients with a high burden of MAC.
Design Strategy of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis for C−H Bond Activation Reactions
Authors: Hasegawa Shingo , Motokura Ken 
Published: March 2024

AbstractC−H bond activation reactions facilitate highly efficient molecular transformations without requiring pre‐activating substrates. While the majority of reported reaction systems for C−H activation rely on metal complexes, certain reactions have demonstrated unique or superior catalysis of metal nanoparticles. This Concept article seeks to delineate recent reports that examine the novel catalysis and design strategy of supported metal nanoparticles for C−H bond activation reactions. These reactions include oxidative homocoupling of arenes, dehydrogenative alkylation of benzenes, selective H/D exchange reactions, and α,β‐dehydrogenation of ketones.
Structured discriminative Gaussian graph learning for multimode process monitoring
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yi , Zhang Dongping , Xie Lei , Zeng Jiusun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAiming at the actual industrial process background that different modes share the same system configurations and control structure, this article proposes a novel structured discriminant Gaussian graph learning for multimode process monitoring. The proposed method considers not only the sparsity of graph model but also the measurement of data variation based on a mismatched graph and the common node support between different graphical structures. The objective function involves two sets of regularization terms: the trace terms for mismatched measurements and the
‐norm imposed on the union of decomposed graph matrices. Due to the introduced mismatched trace terms, the cost of matching the data points and graph models that have inconsistent class labels can be expanded, which brings more discrimination for the graph‐based mode identification. While the common structure extracted by the
‐norm forces the estimated graph models to have structural similarities, thus alleviating the negative influence caused by graph discrimination. Once a relatively accurate and discriminative reference graph model is obtained, the downstream test graph learning and analysis can be conducted online by employing the moving window techniques. By comparing the matched and mismatched graph‐based measurements, the process mode can be identified correctly and stably. To grasp the abnormal process changes, the
‐norm for the row sparsity is again applied to the graph difference matrices, the sensitive monitoring statistics and the fault isolation results can be obtained effectively. All the optimization problems in this paper can be solved using the alternating direction multiplier (ADMM) algorithm. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is illustrated by the application to a real blast furnace iron‐making production process.
Determining the optimum planting date × maturity group combination for soybean produced in South Carolina
Authors: Holladay Sarah K. , Plumblee Michael T. , Marshall Michael W. , Jones Michael A. , Narayanan Sruthi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown that delayed planting of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) can reduce yield by as much as 30 lb ac−1 day−1 when planted after mid‐June. In South Carolina, soybean is often planted in rotation with other crops or double‐cropped behind cereal grains, which can lead to delayed planting and potential yield‐loss. In this study, our objective was to determine the optimum planting date (PD) × maturity group (MG) combination on non‐irrigated soybean yield in South Carolina, and to determine yield results for the entire planting window ranging from March through August. Four MGs (IV, V, VI, and VII) were planted on six PDs (March–August) in 2021 and 2022 in Florence and Blackville, SC. Data collection consisted of stand counts to determine final plant populations, end‐of‐season plant height and node counts, and yield/moisture content at harvest. The April, May, and June PDs resulted in the highest grain yield in Blackville in 2021 (averaging 76 bu ac−1) and 2022 (averaging 42 bu ac−1). The April and May PDs had the highest grain yield in Florence when averaged over both years (53 bu ac−1). MG alone did not influence yield in Florence. However, MGs V, VI, and VII produced the highest yields in Blackville. The optimum PD × MG combination for yield was the May planted MG V in Blackville (88 bu ac−1 in 2021 and 49 bu ac−1 in 2022) and the April planted MG VII in Florence (65 bu ac−1). Plant heights and node counts were highest when soybean was planted in April and May, and MG IV had the tallest plants overall due to its indeterminate growth habit. Results from this study suggest that planting soybean as early as late‐March and as late as late‐June may not reduce soybean yield in South Carolina as some late‐March and late‐June MG combinations met or exceeded the state yield average of 37 bu ac−1 and did not differ statistically from April and May yields. This research has already impacted soybean growers in South Carolina as the crop insurance window for full coverage has been extended to include earlier and later PDs as of 2023.
A comparative bibliometric study of the transport risk considerations of liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas
Authors: Huffman Mitchell , Hutchison Victoria , Ranganathan Sreenivasan , Noll Gregory , Baxter Christina , Hildebrand Michael , Wang Qingsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevailing safety guidance for the transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is based on the guidance for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) transportation; therefore, the safety considerations for LNG and LPG transport must be compared. A literature review was performed to understand and compare the development of research into LNG and LPG, their transportation, and the safety considerations involved. The literature review revealed key hazard differences, as well as the lack of transport safety studies compared to the vast field of research for both substances. With the scientific background established, the chemical and physical properties of LNG and LPG are compared, then the hazards related to their properties. Finally, with knowledge of the properties and hazards of both LNG and LPG, the available risk analyses are discussed. LNG transport has undergone minimal accident frequency analysis compared to LPG transport. Most of these frequency analyses have been for marine transport and contain high uncertainties in the determined probabilities due to sparse available data. It is also apparent that consequence analysis studies have not been adequately explored; however, modelling software provides consequence understanding via simulation. LNG transportation lacks the knowledge base from research and practice that LPG transportation has, and due to limited incident history, the lack of research into boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) potential of LNG and the lack of understanding of the severity, likelihood, and repeated explosions of rapid phase transition limit understanding of the risk of LNG transportation. Potential future research is recommended to address these vital knowledge gaps.
Numerical simulation of inter‐stage of multistage centrifugal pump by varying number of blades
Authors: Yadav Durvesh , Singh Raj Kumar , Kumarswamy Manjunath 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNumerous impellers are placed in line on the same shaft in a multistage centrifugal pump, comprising an impeller, diffuser, and return channel. The design of a two‐stage multistage centrifugal pump according to the specifications given in the literature was created using Creo Parametric software and validated by carrying out a numerical simulation of the first‐stage centrifugal pump by varying the number of blades and impeller speed and concluding that the pump with 7 blades and 1900 rpm rotation gives the best efficiency and head by comparing the obtained results to experimental ones. ANSYS Fluent 2022R1 was used for simulation. The optimal solutions from the first stage were used to analyze the second stage. It was observed that losses in the diffuser of the 1st stage and 2nd stage are almost the same, but head losses in the return passage of the 1st stage and 2nd stage have differences of 19.99%, 28.5%, and 23.59% for 5, 6, and 7 blades, respectively. The findings show that the multistage simulation could more accurately mirror the actual flow than the two‐stage simulation, but it also had more demanding computer configuration requirements. A two‐stage simulation is a good option for estimating pump performance because it balances computation time and numerical precision better.
Microservices‐based databank for Turkish hazelnut cultivars using IoT and semantic web technologies
Authors: Aydin Sahin , Aldara Dieaa 
Published: March 2024

SummaryInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) can play a crucial role in facilitating access to comprehensive information on the quality standards of Turkish hazelnut cultivars. In this regard, this study introduces a Hazelnut Databank System (HDS) that utilizes the microservices architecture, an integrated software system supported by the Internet of Things (IoT) and semantic web, to categorize Turkish hazelnut cultivars. The study focuses on developing microservices using various programming languages and frameworks. Specifically, C# on the .NET Core Framework was used for both microservices and the web‐based application implemented through the ASP.NET Core MVC Framework. Mobile‐based software applications were created using Xamarin. Forms, and the IoT application was developed using the Python programming language. The data storage is facilitated through the MS SQL Server database. Additionally, the study incorporates the implementation of a hazelnut species classification system using the DNN + ResNet50 machine learning model, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 95.77%. The overall usability of the system was evaluated, resulting in a score of 42 out of 50. By providing detailed information on Turkish hazelnut cultivars, the HDS has the potential to greatly improve hazelnut production quality in Turkey and increase awareness of hazelnut agriculture among relevant stakeholders.
Sensitizing Explosives Through Molecular Doping
Authors: Nicolau Shelby T. , Matzger Adam J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCocrystallization assembles multicomponent crystals in defined ratios that are held together by intermolecular interactions. While cocrystals have seen extensive use in the pharmaceutical industry for solving issues with stability and solubility, extension to the field of energetic materials for improved properties has proven difficult. Predicting successful coformers remains a challenge for systems lacking well‐understood synthons that promote reliable intermolecular assembly. Herein, an alternative method is investigated for altering energetic properties that operates in the absence of well‐defined interactions by molecular doping. An impact sensitive primary explosive, cyanuric triazide (CTA), was selected as the dopant to test if less impact sensitive secondary explosives could gain increased sensitization to impact when CTA is inserted into their crystal lattices. Molecular doping was successful in sensitizing three melt‐castable energetics: 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN), and 1,3,3‐trinitroazetidine (TNAZ). CTA could also be incorporated as a stabilized inclusion to sensitize DNAN further. These results demonstrate how the judicious choice of dopant can lead to specific property improvements, providing a method for creating energetic materials with new properties to access metal‐free primary explosives and physical hot spot models for explosive ignition.
Energy harvesting‐enabled energy‐efficient routing using spotted hyena optimization in wireless sensor network
Authors: Gupta Amardeep , Kumar Rout Ranjeet 
Published: March 2024

SummaryWith the continuous proliferation of sensing technology, it has become possible to utilize energy harvesting (EH)‐enabled sensor nodes for a variety of applications. However, conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs), that is, those without EH‐enabled nodes, still have limited applicability due to their limited battery resources. Further, the utilization of EH‐enabled nodes in the network not only imposes a financial burden on the user but also limits its performance due to its dependence on environmental conditions. To address this concern, in this paper, we propose the EH‐enabled energy‐efficient routing (EHEER) technique for green communication in WSN. The predominant concern being addressed in this paper is the selection of cluster head (CH), which helps in gathering, aggregating and forwarding the data from the cluster‐based routing paradigm. We use the spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) algorithm for optimizing the fitness parameters for CH selection, namely, energy ratio, distance considerations, node density, load balancing and the network's average energy. We use EH‐enabled nodes in the network strategically so as to keep control over the costs incurred in the network. The simulation outcomes empirically prove the efficacy of the proposed work, as it effectively increases the network stability and operational period by a huge margin as compared to the existing techniques.