bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Magnesia for Boron Removal from Irrigation Water
Authors: Dionisiou Nina , Matsi Theodora , Misopolinos Nikolaos D. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe risk of B phytotoxicity due to high levels of B in irrigation water can be avoided by removing B from the water, before its use, through adsorption on certain adsorbents, such as magnesia (industrial MgO), if the latter can be proven to be an effective and easy to handle means for B removal. In addition, if such a material is applied as a fertilizer after its use and the adsorbed B is easily released into the soil solution, B phytotoxicity could constitute a potential hazard. The objectives of this work were to: (a) establish the optimum working conditions (equilibration time, solution to adsorbent ratio, and particle size of the adsorbent) for B adsorption, (b) assess the magnitude of B adsorption by magnesia, both in capacity and intensity terms, as well as the influence of temperature, (c) study B desorbability from magnesia, spiked with B at two rates, 5 and 0.5 mg g−1, and (d) compare the results from b and c to those obtained using reagent grade MgO. The results showed that the time to achieve equilibrium depended on the B concentration of the external solution and ranged from 6 h (for B ≤ 10 mg L−1) to 48 h (for B ≥ 50 mg L−1). The percentage of B adsorbed decreased as the volume of external solution to adsorbent increased and a working ratio of 50:1 was selected. For magnesia, B adsorption was particle size dependent with the smallest fraction (<0.1 mm) sorbing more B than the other three fractions studied (0.1–1.0, 1.1–2.0, 2.1–4.0 mm). Boron adsorption was conducted under strongly alkaline pH (10.3 ± 0.2 and 10.4 ± 0.1 for the reagent and magnesia, respectively) and increased with temperature. Both adsorbents exhibited a high B adsorption capacity (Langmuir maximum values were 5.85 ± 0.39 and 4.45 ± 1.31 mg B g−1 for the reagent and magnesia, respectively) comparable to other metal oxides. However, the reagent grade MgO seemed to be superior to magnesia in terms of capacity and strength of B retention. This superiority of the reagent was attributed to its greater surface area (34.7 compared with 5.8 m2 g−1 for magnesia) and to its conversion to Mg(OH)2 during the adsorption process, whereas magnesia remained unaltered, as was evident from X‐ray diffractograms. Based on this data, magnesia seems to be an effective means for removing excess B from irrigation water, particularly if a material of fine particle size is used. Boron desorbability after 240 h of desorption time was more pronounced for magnesia reaching up to 55 and 60% of the amount of B added, at the spiked rates of 5 and 0.5 mg g−1, respectively. Although these figures indicate that approximately half of the amount of B added remained adsorbed, they cannot be easily extrapolated to field conditions, and if B‐laden magnesia is applied to soils, the possibility of B phytotoxicity cannot be excluded.
Repeated Compost Application Effects on Phosphorus Runoff in the Virginia Piedmont
Authors: Spargo John T. , Evanylo Gregory K. , Alley Marcus M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTIncreasing amounts of animal and municipal wastes are being composted before land application to improve handling and spreading characteristics, and to reduce odor and disease incidence. Repeated applications of composted biosolids and manure to cropland may increase the risk for P enrichment of agricultural runoff. We conducted field research in 2003 and 2004 on a Fauquier silty clay loam (Ultic Hapludalfs) to compare the effects of annual (since 1999) applications of composted and uncomposted organic residuals on P runoff characteristics. Biosolids compost (BSC), poultry litter‐yard waste compost (PLC), and uncomposted poultry litter (PL) were applied based on estimated plant‐available N. A commercial fertilizer treatment (CF) and an unamended control treatment (CTL) were also included. Corn (Zea mays L.) and a cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop were planted each year. We applied simulated rainfall in fall 2004 and analyzed runoff for dissolved reactive P (DRP), total dissolved P (TDP), total P (TP), total organic C (TOC), and total suspended solids (TSS). End of season soil samples were analyzed for Mehlich‐3 P (M3P), EPA 3050 P (3050P), water soluble P (WSP), degree of P saturation (DPS), soil C, and bulk density. Compost treatments significantly increased soil C, decreased bulk density, and increased M3P, 3050P, WSP, and DPS. The concentration of DRP, TDP, and TP in runoff was highest in compost treatments, but the mass of DRP and TDP was not different among treatments because infiltration was higher and runoff lower in compost‐amended soil. Improved soil physical properties associated with poultry litter‐yard waste compost application decreased loss of TP and TSS.
Particulate Matter Concentration and Air Quality Affected by Windblown Dust in the Columbia Plateau
Authors: Sharratt B. S. , Lauer D. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe USEPA has proposed to regulate PMcoarse (particulate matter 2.5 to 10 μm in diameter). Exceedance of the proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PMcoarse is expected within the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest United States based on the high frequency of dust storms and the large contribution of crustal material to fugitive dust in the region. The objective of this study was to explore the implication of the proposed NAAQS for PMcoarse on air quality. Concurrent observations of both PM10 (particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter) and PMfine (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter) were made at Kennewick, WA from 1999 through 2005. Daily PMcoarse concentration was determined as the difference between PM10 and PMfine concentrations. The number of exceedances of the proposed USEPA NAAQS for PMcoarse was determined for various levels of the standard (the proposed daily level is 70 μg m−3). Over the 7 yr of this study, the PM10 standard was exceeded on 16 d with PMfine constituting 4 to 7% of PM10. The proposed PMcoarse standard would have been exceeded on 35 d and represents a 120% increase in the number of exceedances over the current PM10 standard. Changing the level of the proposed PMcoarse standard to that of the current PM10 standard (150 μg m−3) would result in a 20% decrease in the number of exceedances of the PM standard. The results of this study suggest that the proposed NAAQS for PMfine and PMcoarse will be exceeded more frequently than the current PMfine and PM10 standard in a region subject to seasonal dust storms.
Assessment of IgE binding to native and hydrolyzed soy protein in serum obtained from dogs with experimentally induced soy protein hypersensitivity
Authors: Serra Montserrat , Brazís Pilar , Fondati Alessandra , Puigdemont Anna 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To assess binding of IgE to native, whole hydrolyzed, and separated hydrolyzed fractions of soy protein in serum obtained from dogs with experimentally induced soy protein hypersensitivity.
Animals—8 naïve Beagles (6 experimentally sensitized to native soy protein and 2 control dogs).
Procedures—6 dogs were sensitized against soy protein by administration of allergens during a 90-day period. After the sensitization protocol was completed, serum concentrations of soy-specific IgE were measured and intradermal skin tests were performed in all 6 dogs to confirm that the dogs were sensitized against soy protein. Serum samples from each sensitized and control dog underwent western blot analysis to assess the molecular mass band pattern of the different allergenic soy fractions and evaluate reactivities to native and hydrolyzed soy protein.
Results—In sera from sensitized dogs, a characteristic band pattern with 2 major bands (approx 75 and 50 kd) and 2 minor bands (approx 31 and 20 kd) was detected, whereas only a diffuse band pattern associated with whole hydrolyzed soy protein was detected in the most reactive dog. Reactivity was evident only for the higher molecular mass peptide fraction. In control dogs, no IgE reaction to native or hydrolyzed soy protein was detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data suggest that the binding of soy-specific IgE to the hydrolyzed soy protein used in the study was significantly reduced, compared with binding of soy-specific IgE to the native soy protein, in dogs with experimentally induced soy hypersensitivity.
Honey, I shrunk the DNA: DNA length as a probe for nucleic‐acid enzyme activity
Authors: van Oijen Antoine M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe replication, recombination, and repair of DNA are processes essential for the maintenance of genomic information and require the activity of numerous enzymes that catalyze the polymerization or digestion of DNA. This review will discuss how differences in elastic properties between single‐ and double‐stranded DNA can be used as a probe to study the dynamics of these enzymes at the single‐molecule level. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 144–153, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Simple determination of huperzine A in human plasma by liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method
Authors: Li Yun‐Xia , Jiang Xue‐Hua , Lan Ke , Wang Ling 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuperzine A is a potent, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In the present work, a rapid and sensitive LC–MS–MS method for the determination of huperzine A in human plasma using codeine phosphate as internal standard has been developed and validated. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate, chromatographed on a C18 column (5 µm, 150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase consisting of 1% formic acid–methanol (40:60, v/v), and detected using a tandem mass spectrometer with a TurboIonSpray ionization interface. The run time was only 2 min. Good linearity was achieved in the range 0.126 ‐25.2 ng/mL and the limit of detection in plasma was 0.064 ng/mL. The average recovery for huperzine A was 83.4% from plasma. The analytical sensitivity and accuracy of this assay is adequate for characterization of huperzine A in human plasma. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Penicillin G acylase as chiral selector in CE using a pullulan‐coated capillary
Authors: Gotti Roberto , Calleri Enrica , Massolini Gabriella , Furlanetto Sandra , Cavrini Vanni 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the present study, penicillin G acylase (PGA), an enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases, has been investigated as chiral selector in CE using the partial filling technique. Owing to the strong disposition of PGA to be adsorbed by the inner capillary wall, permanently coated capillaries were used to diminish both the protein–wall interactions and the EOF. In particular, the silica surface of the capillary was chemically coated by an antiadhesive and an hydrophilic layer of pullulan, a high‐molecular‐mass homopolysaccharide. The coating procedure consisted in the silanization with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the subsequent coupling of the hydroxyl groups of pullulan onto the silanized capillary. Using this approach, a significant EOF suppression was obtained within a wide pH range (pH 3.0–9.0); this result was very important in order to find the suitable conditions for the application of partial filling technique. The optimization of partial filling was carried out by considering the effects of different experimental conditions (buffer pH, PGA concentration, and loading duration), on the migration time and enantioresolution of rac‐ketoprofen. Under the selected conditions as: 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 240 µM of PGA (partial filling of 120 s at a pressure of 50 mbar), a series of acidic compounds resulted to be enantioresolved in about 10 min. The long‐term stability of the proposed coating was evaluated; more than 100 injections were performed without significant loss of reproducibility.
The volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Kigelia africana Benth.
Authors: Asekun Olayinka Taiwo , Olusegun Ekundayo , Adebola Oyedeji 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe volatile constituents of the oil from the leaves and flowers of Kigelia africana Benth. from Lagos Nigeria, isolated by hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC and GC‐MS. The leaf oil was found to contain 25 components, while the flower oil contained nine. Both oils were rich in non‐terpenoids; hexadecanoic acid (21.91%, leaf oil; 57.00%, flower oil) was the most abundant in both oils. The other major components were ethyl linoleate (21.73%) and α‐pinene (12.28%) in leaf oil and terpenolene (8.26%), myristic acid (7.95%) and linalool (6.71%) in the flower oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluß der Düngung auf den Eiweißgehalt und auf die Aminosäurenzusammensetzung von Winterweizen in ernährungswissenschaftlich‐ökonomischer Hinsicht
Authors: Prugar J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractErgebnisse von Düngungsversuchen mit organisch‐mineralischer Düngung bei Winterweizen wurden durch Berechnung der Selbstkosten für die Produktion einer Gewichtseinheit der Eiweißstoffe und der essentiellen Aminosäuren in ernährungswissenschaftlich‐ökonomischer Hinsicht ausgewertet.Die Kosten je i kg Eiweißstoffe sanken mit steigender Mineraldüngung. Die markantesten Unterschiede traten bei der Variante ohne organische Düngemittel auf; ähnlich verhielt sich auch der Kornertrag.Die Selbstkosten je i kg essentieller Aminosäuren waren in einigen Fällen bei der Kombination Mineral II (max. 160 kg N/ha) höher als die Kosten bei der Kombination Mineral I (max. 120 kg N/ha), da ihr Gehalt im Korn sank. Dies gilt vor allem für die organisch mit Stroh + N gedüngte Variante. Die geringsten Aufwände waren bei der organisch ungedüngten Variante mit höherer Mineraldüngung erforderlich.
Beständigkeit von S‐Methylmethionin in Pufferlösungen und pflanzlichen Produkten bei ihrer Gefrierkonservierung
Authors: Kovatscheva E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUntersucht wurde die Beständigkeit von S‐Methylmethionin (MMS+) in Citrat‐Phosphat‐Pufferlösungen mit pH 4,0, 6,0 und 8,0 und in Pflanzensäften aus Sellerie und roten Rüben (in Ampullen) innerhalb von 12 Monaten bei +2, —13 und —18 °C. Außerdem wurde seine Beständigkeit bein Gefrieren und Aufbewahren seiner gefrorenen Pflanzenquellen (Sellerie, Blumenkohl, Himbeeren u. a.) bei —18 °C verfolgt.Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse berechtigen uns, die Gefrierkonservierung als das geeignetste Konservierungsverfahren für die maximale Erhaltung von MMS+ in seinen Pflanzenquellen zu empfehlen.
Zur Frage der proteolytischen Spaltung von Proteinen bei gleichzeitiger Ultrafiltration der Reaktionsprodukte
Authors: Friedrich M. , Braudo E. E. , Antonova T. W. , Noack R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEin proteolytischer Abbau von Casein bei gleichzeitiger Ultrafiltration der Spaltungsprodukte zeigt unter den gegebenen Bedingungen keinen höheren Spaltungsgrad als eine proteolytische Spaltung ohne Ultrafiltration oder Dialyse.Die Ultrafiltration wurde mit DIAFLO‐Membranen verschiedener Porengröße durchgeführt. Die Spaltung wurde sowohl durch E280 des trichloressigsäurelöslichen Überstandes als auch durch Bestimmung des Zuwachses an α‐Aminostickstoff durch 2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzolsulfonsäure ermittelt.
Identification of fish species by testing the minced‐meat tissue
Authors: Podeszewski Z. , Zarzycki B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe detection is based on the fact that the sarcoplasmatic protein fractions of fish meat behave differently when subjected to starch‐gel electrophoresis. This makes it possible to demonstrate the presence of another fish species in minced fish meat stated to contain but one fish species. In case of fish stuffings consisting of two fish species, fish identification is simple. Under favourable circumstances, it is also possible to detect and identify foreign additions in a mixture of more than two fish species.
Studies on the conditions of growth of baker's yeast, grown in solution of molasses or debis
Authors: Al‐Mudhaffar S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMolasses and debis (slurry of dates) can be used as a medium for the growth of yeast. Optimum conditions for the growth of baker's yeast, grown in a medium of molasses and debis have been examined. A temperature of 25 °C, a pH of 4.5, a concentration of 5% (W/V) solution of molasses or debis and culture shaking are the optimum conditions for the growth of yeast.
Eiweißangebot in der Nahrung und Dejodierung in der Leber
Authors: Voss Ch. R. , Hartmann N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBei männlichen Wistarratten wird der Einfluß von 66 oder 2 gegenüber 18 Gew.% Eiweiß enthaltenden Diäten auf die Dejodierung von L‐Thyroxin in Homogenatüberständen der Leber geprüft.Nach Eiweißarmer Diät zeigt das untersuchte Lebereiweiß höhere, nach Eiweißreicher Diät geringere Dejodaseaktivität; die Unterschiede sind statistisch signifikant.Das Dejodierungsvermögen der Gesamtleber unter Berücksichtigung des Körpergewichtes der Tiere ist nach Eiweißarmer Diät signifikant, nach Eiweißreicher Diät nicht signifikant erniedrigt. Demnach ist der Bezugswert für die Berechnung der Dejodierungsgröße mit von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Aussage.
Zur Alkalibehandlung von Proteinen. 2. Mitt. Enzymatische Hydrolyse von alkalibehandeltem ß‐Casein und Säurecasein
Authors: Freimuth U. , Krause W. , Döss A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractZum Nachweis der durch Alkalibehandlung ausgelösten Proteinveränderungen wurde die Proteolyse einer verdünnten wäßrigen Lösung von ß‐Casein und Säurecasein durch Trypsin verwendet. Nach einer Alkalibehandlung der Proteine bei pH 12,0, Reaktionstemperaturen zwischen 30 und 90 °C und Einwirkungszeiten zwischen 15 und 360 min sind der Hydrolysegrad der tryptischen Spaltung und die molaren Spaltungszahlen maximal um 25% erniedrigt. Weiterhin ist eine deutliche Verminderung der scheinbaren Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Hydrolyse durch Trypsin zu beobachten.Aus den ermittelten Werten für die Partialhydrolyse der Proteine und denen für die durchschnittliche Racemisierung der Aminosäuren im Protein infolge Alkalieinwirkung ist zu folgern, daß zwischen der Abnahme des Hydrolysegrades sowie der Hydrolysekonstanten und der Racemisierung von Aminosäuren ein Zusammenhang besteht.
Fettsäuren einiger Waldpilze
Authors: Aho L. , Kurkela R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Gesamtlipidgehalt und der Anteil der freien Fettsäuren von neun Waldpilzarten wurde bestimmt. Der Gesamtlipidgehalt schwankte zwischen 9 und 16% der Trockensubstanz. Bei den Gesamtlipiden variierte der Anteil an freien Fettsäuren von 15,9 bis 46,5%. Die Zusammensetzung der freien Fettsäuren von sechs Pilzarten wurde analysiert. Linolsäure bildete die Hauptkomponente der freien Säuren, und die Gesamtlipide wiesen einen Linolsäuregehalt von 30,3 bis 60,7% auf.
Beitrag zur Prüfung und Beurteilung von Elasten unter milchwirtschaftlichen Aspekten
Authors: Konrad H. , Gabrio T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Migration von Fremdstoffen aus Bedarfsgegenständen in Lebensmittel wurde am Beispiel des Übergangs von Phenyl‐ß‐naphtylamin (PBN), N‐Dimethylbutyl‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylen‐diamin (MBPPD) und Äthylenthioharnstoff (ETU) aus Gummi in die Milch studiert. Für die semiquantitative Bestimmung wurden dünnschicht‐ (DC) bzw. gaschromatographische (GC) Methoden eingesetzt; die Nachweisempfindlichkeit lag für PBN bei 0,05 (DC), für ETU bei 0,5 (DC) bzw. 0,05 (GC) und für MBPPD bei 0,01 mg/kg (DC). Die bei Modellversuchen in die Milch migrierten Mengen werden unter lebensmittelrechtlichen und milchwirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert.
Succinic Acid in Yeast Autolysates and its Sensory Properties
Authors: Velíšek J. , Davídek J. , Kubelka V. , Thu Tran Thi Bich , Hajšlová J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSuccinic acid content of 6 samples of yeast autolysates, powders and pastes, was determined being 66 to 1390 mg/100 g. Succinic acid solutions of various concentrations and pH were prepared to gain fundamental informations about its sensory properties and the intensities of sour, salty and bitter taste were organoleptically evaluated. In other experiments, aqueous solutions of monosodium glutamate and sodium succinate were compared and the influence of the two salts on flavour of beef broth was tested. In some cases, there was no significant difference between the two salts and the flavour of beef broth was enhanced by their addition.
Über die Untersuchung von Organochlor‐Insektizidrückständen in Tabak und Tabakwaren. 1. Mitt. Die Analysenmethode
Authors: Richter M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wird eine Analysenmethode zur quantitativen Serienbestimmung von Organochlor‐Insektizidrückständen im Tabak mitgeteilt. Diese Methode beruht auf einer Hexanextraktion, anschließender säulenchromatographischer Reinigung und Vortrennung sowie qualitativer und quantitativer gaschromatographischer Analyse. Folgende 16 Substanzen werden analysiert: HCB, α‐HCH, Lindan, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlorepoxid, o,p′‐DDE, p,p′‐DDE, o,p′‐DDD, p,p′‐DDD, o,p′‐DDT, p,p′‐DDT, Dieldrin, α‐Endosulfan, ß‐Endosulfan und Endo‐sulfansulfat. Bei einer Einwaage von 5 g Tabak können noch nachgewiesen werden: HCB, α‐HCH, Lindan, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlorepoxid ‐ 0,001 ppm; o,p′‐DDE, p,p′‐DDE, p,p′‐DDE, Dieldrin – 0,003 ppm; o,p′‐TDE, p,p′‐TDE – 0,01 ppm; o,p′‐DDT, α‐Endosulfan, ß‐Endosulfan – 0,02 ppm; Endosulfansulfat – 0,03 ppm; p,p′‐DDT ‐ 0,05 ppm.
Zur Anwendung der Methodenkombination Kjeldahl‐Naßaufschluß/Berthelot‐Reaktion bei der Stickstoffbestimmung in biologischen Materialien 2. Mitt. Aufbau und Erprobung einer teilautomatisierten Apparatur zur routinemäßigen Bestimmung des Stickstoffs
Authors: Lange R. , Friebe R. , Linow Mitarbeit F. Unter , Schaffner B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Aufbau und die Arbeitsweise einer teilautomatisierten Analysenlinie, basierend auf der Methodenkombination Kjeldahl‐Naßaufschluß/Berthelot‐Reaktion, zur Bestimmung von Stickstoff in biologischen Materialien werden beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse eines dreijährigen Betriebes werden unter den Gesichtspunkten der Variabilität der Untersuchungmaterialien, der Richtigkeit und Meßgenauigkeit diskutiert. Das Analysenverfahren eignet sich mit einer Richtigkeit von 98% und einer Meßgenauigkeit von 4% zur Bestimmung von Amid‐ sowie nichtaromatisch gebundenem Ringstickstoff. Für die Streuung der Meßwerte erweist sich anhand der statistischen Auswertung der Anaylsenergebnisse als wesentliche Ursache der Hochtemperaturaufschluß.
Sensory characteristics of 2‐heptanone. Part I. Threshold values, concentration/odour intensity relations, methodological aspects
Authors: Barylko‐pikielna N. , Rothe M. , Pietrzak E. , Jackowska A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe evaluation of threshold values and concentration/odour intensity relations for 2‐heptanone has been carried out in two laboratories applying strictly uniform materials, methods and laboratory procedures. The results obtained in aqueous and oil medium are discussed taking into consideration the influence of methods and judges as variability factors. It has been concluded that standardization of the methods and detailed laboratory procedure seem to be critical factors for inter‐reproducibility of the results in various sensory laboratories.