bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses during sedation with epidural and local anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted jejunostomy feeding tube placement with cardiopulmonary responses during general anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted or open surgical jejunostomy feeding tube placement in healthy dogs
Authors: Hewitt Saundra A. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Sinclair Melissa D. , Sears William C. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of laparoscopic-assistedjejunostomy feeding tube (J-tube) placement in healthy dogs under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia and compare cardiopulmonary responses during this epidural anesthetic protocol with cardiopulmonary responses during general anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted or open surgical J-tube placement.
Animals—15 healthy mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly assigned to receive open surgical J-tube placement under general anesthesia (n = 5dogs; group 1), laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under general anesthesia (5; group 2), or laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia (5; group 3). Cardiopulmonary responses were measured at baseline (time 0), every 5 minutes during the procedure (times 5 to 30 minutes), and after the procedure (after desufflation [groups 2 and 3] or at the start of abdominal closure [group 1]). Stroke volume, cardiac index, and O2 delivery were calculated.
Results—All group 3 dogs tolerated laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia. Comparison of cardiovascular parameters revealed a significantly higher cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, and O2 delivery in group 3 dogs, compared with group 1 and 2 dogs. Minimal differences in hemodynamic parameters were foundbetween groups undergoing laparoscopic-assistedandopen surgical J-tube placement under general anesthesia (ie, groups 1 and 2); these differences were not considered to be clinically important in healthy research dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sedation with epidural and local anesthesia provided satisfactory conditions for laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement in healthy dogs; this anesthetic protocol caused less cardiopulmonary depression than general anesthesia and may represent a better choice for J-tube placement in critically ill patients.
Effects of a magnesium adhesive cement on bone stability and healing following a metatarsal osteotomy in horses
Authors: Waselau Martin , Samii Valerie F. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Litsky Alan S. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare biodegradable magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement), calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), and no cement on bone repair, biocompatibility, and bone adhesive characteristics in vivo in horses.
Animals—8 clinically normal adulthorses.
Procedures—Triangular fragments (1-cm-long arms) were created by Y-shaped osteotomy of the second and fourth metatarsal bones (MTII and MTIV, respectively). Fragments were replaced in pairs to compare Mg-cement (MTII, n = 8; MTIV, 8) with Ca-cement (MTIV, 8) or with no cement (MTII, 8). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed for 7 weeks, at which time osteotomy sites were harvested for computed tomographic measurement of bone density and callus amount, 3-point mechanical testing, and histologic evaluation of healing pattern and biodegradation.
Results—All horses tolerated the procedure without clinical problems. Radiographically, Mg-cement secured fragments significantly closer to parent bone, compared with Ca-cement or no treatment. Callus amount and bone remodeling and healing were significantly greater with Mg-cement, compared with Ca-cement or no cement. Biomechanical testing results and callus density among treatments were not significantly different. Significantly greater woven bone was observed adjacent to the Mg-cement without foreign body reac-tion, compared with Ca-cement or no cement. The Mg-cement was not fully degraded and was still adhered to the fragment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both bone cements were biocompatible in horses, and Mg-cementmay assistfracture repair by osteogenesis and fragmentstabilization. Fur ther studies are warranted on other applications and to define degradation characteristics.
Assessment of cartilage degradation effects of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in equine cartilage cocultured with synoviocytes
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Schnabel Lauren V. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Mayr Karen G. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, compared with interleukin (IL)-1α, on cartilage matrix molecule gene expression in a coculture system of equine cartilage explants and synoviocytes.
Sample Population—Articular cartilage and synovium specimens harvested from femoropatellar joints of 4 horses, aged 3 to 5 years.
Procedures—Synoviocytes were isolated and cocultured with cartilage explants. Cultures were treated with human recombinant MMP-13 (1, 25, or 100 ng/mL) or IL-1α (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 ng/mL) for 96 hours, with medium exchange at 48 hours. Cartilage extracts and media were analyzed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and results were adjusted to cartilage DNA content. Quantitative PCR was performed on mRNA from cartilage (MMP-3, MMP-13, aggrecan, and collagen type IIB [COL2A1]) and synoviocytes (MMP-3 and MMP-13), and results were adjusted to 18S ribosomal subunit mRNA expression. Treatments were performed in triplicate, and the experiment was repeated 4 times.
Results—Cultures treated with MMP-13 or IL-1α had increased media GAG concentration at 48 and 96 hours. Aggrecan and COL2A1 mRNA expression were increased by application of MMP-13 or IL-1α. Gene expression of the catabolic mediator, MMP-3, in cartilage and synoviocytes was increased in cultures treated with MMP-13 or IL-1α. Expression of MMP-13 mRNA in cartilage was increased by IL-1α, but decreased in synoviocytes by MMP-13 treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results support the use of recombinant MMP-13 in a coculture system of synoviocytes and cartilage explants for the study of osteoarthritis.
Changes in the myocardial performance index during dobutamine administration in anesthetized cats
Authors: Hori Yasutomo , Uechi Masami , Indou Atsuko , Yamano Shigeki , Ebisawa Takashi , Teshima Kenji , Asano Kazushi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the relationship between myocardial performance index (MPI; also known as the Tei index) and cardiac function in anesthetized cats administered dobutamine.
Animals—6 adult cats.
Procedures—Cats were anesthetized by administration of propofol (6 mg/kg, IV), and anesthesia was maintained by administration of isoflurane. Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were monitored. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and aortic blood flow (ABF) were measured by use of transesophageal ultrasonography. Left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), mitral E-wave velocity-to-A-wave velocity (E:A) ratio, and ejection time were measured by use of transthoracic echocardiography. Dobutamine was administrated via a cephalic vein at rates of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 μg/kg/min.
Results—Heart rate, SAP, cardiac output, and ABF increased with dobutamine administration, whereas stroke volume significantly decreased. The LVFS significantly increased, and the E:A ratio significantly decreased. Total isovolumic time and the MPI significantly decreased. The MPI was negatively correlated (r = −0.63) with LVFS. Conversely, the MPI was positively correlated with the E:A ratio (r = 0.47), stroke volume (r = 0.66), and total isovolumic time (r = 0.95). However, the MPI was not significantly correlated with heart rate, SAP, cardiac output, or ABF.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Analysis suggested that the MPI provides a sensitive clinical assessment of cardiac response to medication in cats, which may be similar to the usefulness of the MPI reported in humans.
Prevalence of obese dogs in a population of dogs with cancer
Authors: Weeth Lisa P. , Fascetti Andrea J. , Kass Philip H. , Suter Steven E. , Santos Aniel M. , Delaney Sean J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the body condition score (BCS) distribution for dogs examined at a teaching hospital and examine whether the BCS distribution for dogs with cancer differed significantly from the distribution for dogs without cancer.
Sample Population—1,777 dogs with cancer and 12,893 dogs without cancer.
Procedures—A retrospective prevalence case-control study was conducted that used medical records from 1999 to 2004. Information was collected on BCS (9-point system), age, breed, sex, neuter status, diagnosis, and corticosteroid administration. Body condition score at the time of examination for cancer (dogs with cancer) or first chronologic visit (dogs without cancer) was recorded. Logistic regression was used to compare BCS prevalence distributions between groups.
Results—The overall prevalence of obese dogs (BCS ≥ 7/9) was 14.8% (2,169/14,670), and the overall prevalence of overweight dogs (BCS ≥ 6/9 to < 7/9) was 21.6% (3,174/14,670). There was a significant difference in the BCS distribution between dogs with and without cancer, with a slightly lower prevalence of being overweight and obese in dogs with cancer. The prevalence of obese and overweight dogs varied with specific cancer types when compared with the prevalence for dogs without cancer.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Differences in obesity prevalence among cancer types is suggestive of an incongruous effect of this variable on cancer expression or a differential effect of specific cancer types on weight status. Systematic use of BCSs will help elucidate the association between obesity and cancer development.
Phase I clinical trial of the use of zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in dogs
Authors: Borgatti-Jeffreys Antonella , Hooser Stephen B. , Miller Margaret A. , Lucroy Michael D. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the threshold for acute toxicosis of parenterally administered zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4), a candidate second-generation photosensitizer, in mice and evaluate the compound's safety in a phase I clinical trial of ZnPcS4-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in pet dogs with naturally occurring tumors.
Animals—Male Swiss-Webster mice and client-owned dogs with naturally occurring neoplasms.
Procedures—For the study of acute toxicosis, mice were given graded doses of ZnPcS4. To determine safety, a rapid-titration phase I clinical trial of ZnPcS4-based PDT in tumor-bearing dogs was conducted.
Results—In mice, administration of ≥ 100 mg of ZnPcS4/kg resulted in renal tubular necrosis 24 hours after IP injection. In tumor-bearing dogs, ZnPcS4 doses ≤ 4 mg/kg induced no signs of toxicosis and resulted in partial to complete tumor responses in 10 of 12 dogs 4 weeks after PDT. Tumor remission was observed with ZnPcS4 doses as low as 0.25 mg/kg.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A conservative starting dose of ZnPcS4 was arrived at on the basis of mouse toxicosis findings. Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate–based PDT was tolerated well by all dogs and warrants further study. The identification of the maximum tolerated dose through traditional phase I clinical trials may be unnecessary for evaluating novel PDT protocols.
Identification of serum biomarkers for canine B-cell lymphoma by use of surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Gaines Patrick J. , Powell Timothy D. , Walmsley Scott J. , Estredge Kevin L. , Wisnewski Nancy , Stinchcomb Dan T. , Withrow Stephen J. , Lana Susan E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To identify biomarker proteins for B-cell lymphoma in canine serum by use of surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and build classification trees with multiple biomarkers that have high sensitivity and specificity for that tumor type.
Sample Population—Sera from 29 dogs with B-cell lymphoma and 87 control dogs (approx equal numbers of healthy dogs, dogs with malignant cancers other than B-cell lymphoma, and dogs with various nonneoplastic diseases or conditions).
Procedures—Serum samples were fractionated chromatographically and analyzed via SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Peak amplitudes of the spectra from the 2 sample groups were compared to identify potential biomarker peaks, and classification trees were built by use of computer software to detect patterns formed by multiple biomarkers among SELDI data sets.
Results—Several biomarker protein peaks in canine serum were identified, and a classification tree was built on the basis of 3 biomarker protein peaks. With 10-fold cross-validation of the sample set, the best individual serum biomarker peak had 75% sensitivity and 86% specificity and the classification tree had 97% sensitivity and 91% specificity for the classification of B-cell lymphoma.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of biomarker proteins identified in canine serum, classification trees were constructed, which may be useful for the development of a diagnostic test for B-cell lymphoma in dogs. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these biomarkers are useful for screening susceptible dog populations or for monitoring disease status during treatment and remission of B-cell lymphoma in dogs.
Effect of the VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus on canine mammary tumor cells
Authors: Lee Jih-Jong , Chen Poshen B. , Yang Su-Hua , Cheng Chiung-Hsiang , Chueh Ling-Ling , Pang Victor F. , Hsiao Michael , Lin Chung-Tien 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the antitumor effect of the chicken anemia virus (CAV) VP3 gene in canine mammary tumor (CMT) cells.
Sample Populations—Established primary canine cell lines that originated from epithelial cells of resected CMTs and nonneoplastic mammary gland epithelial (MGE) cells.
Procedures—Expression vectors and lentiviral vectors encoding the VP3 gene from a Taiwan-Ilan isolate of CAV were used to deliver the VP3 gene into CMT cells and nonneoplastic MGE cells. Ectopic gene expression and the pro-apoptotic effect of the VP3 gene on CMT and nonneoplastic MGE cells by either transfection or viral infection were evaluated via immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot analysis, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling analysis.
Results—Overexpression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein–VP3 fusion protein was detected predominantly in the nuclei of CMT cells. In contrast, the VP3 protein was localized to the cytoplasm of nonneoplastic MGE cells. Among the fusion protein–expressing CMT cells, most underwent characteristic changes of apoptosis, whereas apoptosis was not detected in fusion protein–expressing, nonneoplastic MGE cells. Induction of apoptosis by VP3 gene overexpression in CMT cells was associated with the caspase-9–, but not the caspase-8–, mediated apoptosis pathway.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data indicate that the VP3 gene of the CAV induces apoptosis in malignant CMT cells, but not in nonneoplastic canine MGE cells. On the basis of such tumor cell–specific killing, the VP3 gene may be a promising agent for the treatment of malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs.
Effects of urine alkalization and activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carprofen in dogs
Authors: Raekallio Marja R. , Honkavaara Juhana M. , Säkkinen Mia S. , Peltoniemi S. Marikki 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of oral administration of activated charcoal (AC) and urine alkalinization via oral administration of sodium bicarbonate on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carprofen in dogs.
Animals—6 neutered male Beagles.
Procedures—Each dog underwent 3 experiments (6-week interval between experiments). The dogs received a single dose of carprofen (16 mg/kg) orally at the beginning of each experiment; after 30 minutes, sodium bicarbonate (40 mg/kg, PO), AC solution (2.5 g/kg, PO), or no other treatments were administered. Plasma concentrations of unchanged carprofen were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography at intervals until 48 hours after carprofen administration. Data were analyzed by use of a Student paired t test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs rank test.
Results—Compared with the control treatment, administration of AC decreased plasma carprofen concentrations (mean ± SD maximum concentration was 85.9 ± 11.9 mg/L and 58.1 ± 17.6 mg/L, and area under the time-concentration curve was 960 ± 233 mg/L•h and 373 ± 133 mg/L•h after control and AC treatment, respectively). The elimination half-life remained constant. Administration of sodium bicarbonate had no effect on plasma drug concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After oral administration of carprofen in dogs, administration of AC effectively decreased maximum plasma carprofen concentration, compared with the control treatment, probably by decreasing carprofen absorption. Results suggest that AC can be used to reduce systemic carprofen absorption in dogs receiving an overdose of carprofen. Oral administration of 1 dose of sodium bicarbonate had no apparent impact on carprofen kinetics in dogs.
Computed tomography of the lungs of Indian pythons (Python molurus)
Authors: Pees Michael C. , Kiefer Ingmar , Ludewig Eberhard W. , Schumacher Juergen P. , Krautwald-Junghanns Maria-Elisabeth R. , Oechtering Gerhard U. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) for detection of pneumonia in snakes.
Animals—8 clinically normal Indian pythons (Python molurus) and 5 pythons with evidence of respiratory tract disease.
Procedures—Preliminary examinations (clinical examination, conventional radiography, and microbiologic examination of a transtracheal wash sample) were performed. The lungs of each snake were then examined by use of CT performed in accordance with a standardized protocol. Structures of the lungs were assessed, and thickness and attenuation of the parenchyma were determined.
Results—It was possible to assess lung parenchyma in all pythons. Mean ± SD attenuation in healthy pythons was −744.4 ± 47.1 Hounsfield units. Significant differences were not evident between the right and left lungs or among measurement areas within a lung. In all Indian pythons with clinical signs of dyspnea and microbiologic detection of pathogens, hyperattenuation of the alveolar tissue was evident.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of the results revealed the benefit of CT for use in the diagnosis of pneumonia in snakes. A standardized protocol and reference values were established as a basis for CT assessment of the lungs of snakes.
Quantification of mucin gene expression in tracheobronchial epithelium of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic bronchitis
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , Birkenheuer Adam J. , Marr Henry S. , Rogala Allison R. , Large Edward E. , Adler Kenneth B. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To develop a real-time PCR assay for the quantification of mucin gene expression in tracheobronchial brushing specimens from dogs and compare mucin gene expression in specimens from dogs with naturally occurring chronic bronchitis with that in specimens from healthy dogs.
Animals—7 healthy dogs and 5 dogs with chronic bronchitis.
Procedures—Primers that were designed to span the predicted intron-exon boundaries of a canine MUC5AC-like gene were used to develop a real-time PCR assay for quantification of expression of that gene. Total mRNA was isolated from tracheobronchial brushing specimens obtained from dogs with and without bronchitis during anesthesia; MUC5AC-like gene expression in those samples was quantified by use of the real-time PCR assay.
Results—The PCR assay was sensitive and specific for the target sequence, the predicted amino acid sequence of which had greatest homology with human, porcine, and rat MUC5AC. The assay was able to quantify the target over a wide dynamic range. Dogs with chronic bronchitis had a 3.0-fold increase in the quantity of MUC5AC-like mRNA, compared with healthy dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The ability to measure mucin gene expression from tracheobronchial brushing specimens collected from client-owned dogs during routine bronchoscopy should prove to be a useful tool for the study of bronchitis in dogs and expand the usefulness of airway inflammation in dogs as a model for bronchitis in humans.
Breaking strength and elasticity of synthetic absorbable suture materials incubated in phosphate-buffered saline solution, milk, and milk contaminated with Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Nichols Sylvain , Anderson David E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine in vitro effects of PBSS, milk, and bacteria-contaminated milk (BCM; contaminated by Streptococcus agalactiae) on properties of 3 synthetic absorbable suture materials.
Sample Population—3 types of synthetic absorbable suture materials (poliglecaprone 25, polyglycolic acid, and polydioxanone).
Procedures—Suture materials were tested to determine breaking strength and elasticity before (day 0) and after incubation in 3 media (PBSS, milk, and BCM) for 7, 14, and 21 days. A loop of suture material was elongated at a rate of 60 mm/min until it reached the breaking point. Tensile properties were statistically analyzed among media and incubation times.
Results—Incubation in milk and BCM significantly decreased breaking strength and elasticity of poliglecaprone 25, compared with results for incubation in PBSS. Incubation in BCM significantly decreased tensile properties of polyglycolic acid suture, compared with results for incubation in PBSS and milk. After incubation for 21 days, tensile properties of polydioxanone did not differ significantly among the media but were significantly decreased from values on day 0.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of this study, poliglecaprone 25 is an inappropriate suture material for use in teat surgery. Polyglycolic acid suture should be avoided in teats of cattle with mastitis. Of the suture materials tested, polydioxanone was best suited for use in teat surgery, as determined on the basis of material testing after incubation in milk, even when the milk was contaminated with bacteria.
Evaluation of local and systemic effects after intramuscular implantation of lead shot alternatives in rats
Authors: Hoots Eric A. , Renberg Walter C. , Patton Kristin M. , Roush James K. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the local and systemic effects of IM implantation of lead shot alternatives in rats.
Animals—22 laboratory rats.
Procedures—Sterile IM implantation of shot metals was performed, with euthanasia and necropsy at 2, 8, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation. Skeletal muscle specimens were examined histologically and kidney specimens were tested for heavy metals. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of corrosion of metals was performed.
Results—Corrosion of susceptible metals was greatest at 2 weeks in vivo and in vitro. Inflammation associated with all pellet types was greatest 2 weeks after implantation. Nickel-plated steel incited significantly greater inflammation at 2 weeks, compared with bismuth alloy. Kidney iron concentration was significantly greater at 26 weeks, compared with other test periods. Local tissue deposition of iron was verified by use of Prussian blue staining for all iron-containing metals. Concentration of arsenic in kidneys was significantly greater at 8, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation, compared with 2 weeks.
Clinical Relevance and Impact for Human Medicine—Humans or dogs wounded with nickel-plated steel may require more aggressive initial monitoring than those wounded with other shot types. Monitoring of systemic arsenic concentrations may be indicated in patients wounded with shotgun pellets.