bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of plant–soil feedback in a degraded alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Tiancai , Sun Jian , Shi Peili 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Although biotic and abiotic factors have been confirmed to be critical factors that affect community dynamics, their interactive effects have yet to be fully considered in grassland degradation. Herein, we tested how soil nutrients and microbes regulated plant–soil feedback (PSF) in a degraded alpine grassland. Our results indicated that soil total carbon (STC; from 17.66 to 12.55 g/kg) and total nitrogen (STN; from 3.16 to 2.74 g/kg) exhibited significant (P &lt; 0.05) decrease from non-degraded (ND) to severely degraded (SD). Despite higher nutrients in ND soil generating significantly (P &lt; 0.05) positive PSF (0.52) on monocots growth when the soil was sterilized, a high proportion of pathogens (36%) in ND non-sterilized soil resulted in a strong negative PSF on monocots. In contrast, the higher phenotypic plasticity of dicots coupled with a higher abundance of mutualists and saprophytes (70%) strongly promoted their survival and growth in SD with infertile soil. Our findings identified a novel mechanism that there was a functional group shift from monocots with higher vulnerability to soil pathogens in the ND fertile soil to dicots with higher dependence on nutritional mutualists in the degraded infertile soil. The emerging irreversible eco-evolutionary in PSF after degradation might cause a predicament for the restoration of degraded grassland.
Not idle: The gymnastics of refugee activism in—and out of—the aid apparatus
Authors: Thomson Marnie Jane 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
‘Are refugees idle?’ This was a common question I received from UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) representatives when I was conducting research at their global headquarters in Geneva. Refugees are not idle, even in camps with a heavy aid presence like Nyarugusu camp in Tanzania. Refugees engage in various kinds of labour, including activism. Based on more than two years of ethnographic research in Nyarugusu camp, in aid and government offices across Tanzania, and at regional and global hubs of the UNHCR in Kenya and Switzerland, this article outlines three forms of activism refugees engage in despite the many obstacles the aid apparatus presents for such activism. I argue that refugees must perform metaphorical gymnastics in order to advocate for themselves, for their communities, and for their country of origin. The refugee view of the aid apparatus provides valuable critiques for changes that could be made to improve humanitarian services.
The DESI one-per cent survey: exploring the halo occupation distribution of luminous red galaxies and quasi-stellar objects with AbacusSummit
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Zhang Hanyu , Ross Ashley J , Donald-McCann Jamie , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Wechsler Risa H , Zheng Zheng , Alam Shadab , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Bianchi Davide , Brooks David , de la Macorra Axel , Fanning Kevin , Forero-Romero Jaime E , Honscheid Klaus , Ishak Mustapha , Kehoe Robert , Lasker James , Landriau Martin , Manera Marc , Martini Paul , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Nadathur Seshadri , Newman Jeffrey A , Nie Jundan , Percival Will , Poppett Claire , Rocher Antoine , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Samushia Lado , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Yu Jiaxi , Zhou Zhimin , Zou Hu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the first comprehensive halo occupation distribution (HOD) analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) One-Percent Survey luminous red galaxy (LRG) and Quasi Stellar Object (QSO) samples. We constrain the HOD of each sample and test possible HOD extensions by fitting the redshift-space galaxy 2-point correlation functions in 0.15 &lt; r &lt; 32 h−1 Mpc in a set of fiducial redshift bins. We use AbacusSummit cubic boxes at Planck 2018 cosmology as model templates and forward model galaxy clustering with the AbacusHOD package. We achieve good fits with a standard HOD model with velocity bias, and we find no evidence for galaxy assembly bias or satellite profile modulation at the current level of statistical uncertainty. For LRGs in 0.4 &lt; z &lt; 0.6, we infer a satellite fraction of $f_\mathrm{sat} = 11\pm 1~{y{\ \mathrm{per\,cent}}}$, a mean halo mass of $\log _{10}\overline{M}_h/M_\odot =13.40^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$, and a linear bias of $b_\mathrm{lin} = 1.93_{-0.04}^{+0.06}$. For LRGs in 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 0.8, we find $f_\mathrm{sat}=14\pm 1~{{\ \mathrm{per\,cent}}}$, $\log _{10}\overline{M}_h/M_\odot =13.24^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$, and $b_\mathrm{lin}=2.08_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$. For QSOs, we infer $f_\mathrm{sat}=3^{+8}_{-2}\mathrm{per\,cent}$, $\log _{10}\overline{M}_h/M_\odot = 12.65^{+0.09}_{-0.04}$, and $b_\mathrm{lin} = 2.63_{-0.26}^{+0.37}$ in redshift range 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 2.1. Using these fits, we generate a large suite of high fidelity galaxy mocks, forming the basis of systematic tests for DESI Y1 cosmological analyses. We also study the redshift-evolution of the DESI LRG sample from z = 0.4 up to z = 1.1, revealling significant and interesting trends in mean halo mass, linear bias, and satellite fraction.
Hot Jupiter diversity and the onset of TiO/VO revealed by a large grid of non-grey global circulation models
Authors: Roth Alexander , Parmentier Vivien , Hammond Mark 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The population of hot Jupiters is extremely diverse, with large variations in their irradiation, period, gravity, and chemical composition. To understand the intrinsic planet diversity through the observed population level trends, we explore the a priori scatter in the population created by the different responses of atmospheric circulation to planetary parameters. We use the SPARC/MITgcm three-dimensional global circulation model to simulate 345 planets spanning a wide range of instellation, metallicity, gravity, and rotation periods typical for hot Jupiters, while differentiating between models with and without titanium oxide (TiO)/vanadium oxide (VO) in their atmosphere. We show that the combined effect of the planetary parameters leads to a large diversity in the ability of atmospheres to transport heat from day-side to night-side at a given equilibrium temperature. We further show that the hotspot offset is a non-monotonic function of planetary rotation period and explain our findings by a competition between the rotational and divergent parts of the circulation. As a consequence, hotspot offset and phase curve amplitude are not necessarily correlated. Finally, we compare the observables from our grid to the population of Spitzer and Hubble observations of hot Jupiters. We find that the sudden jump in brightness temperature observed in the Spitzer secondary eclipse measurements can be naturally explained by the cold-trapping of TiO/VO at approximately 1800 K. Spectra, phase curves and thermal structures from the model grid used in this study are available to the community, for more details see the data availability section.
The Impact of Non-Lyrical Elements on Undergraduate Students’ Lyric Interpretation
Authors: Markulin Grace 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Much of the extant research regarding lyric analysis centers on lyrics as the primary therapeutic musical element, to the detriment of all other non-lyrical elements. Non-lyrical musical elements, such as musical style, may drastically affect how listeners interpret lyric text within lyric analysis tasks. The purpose of this qualitative heuristic inquiry was to investigate the effects of musical style (instrumentation, vocal timbre, and texture) on lyric interpretation among undergraduate students aged 18–36 via focus groups and individual interviews. Participants listened to and discussed the lyrics and non-lyrical elements of 3 stylistically distinct recordings of one song (“Everybody Hurts”). Focus groups and interviews were transcribed, then coded and analyzed via initial coding and focused coding protocols (Saldaña, 2021). One primary theme emerged from the data: lyric text carried the basic message of the song, though non-lyrical elements influenced the perceived intention and connotation of that message. Three code categories emerged under the primary theme: (1) musical elements around the text gave context and nuance; (2) cohesion of musical elements determined the emotional impact of a given recording; (3) descriptions of musical style occurred in conjunction with multisensory comparisons. These findings provide evidence of a symbiotic relationship between lyrics and non-lyrical musical elements within song recordings, which both support clinical decision-making when choosing repertoire for lyric analysis and provide a foundation for further research into the role of non-lyrical musical elements in lyric analysis.
Emergent Spinor Fields from Exotic Spin Structures
Authors: Hoff da Silva J M , da Rocha R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The classification of emergent spinor fields according to modified bilinear covariants is scrutinized in space-times with nontrivial topology, which induce inequivalent spin structures. Extended Clifford algebras, constructed by equipping the underlying space-time with an extended bilinear form with additional terms coming from the nontrivial topology, naturally yield emergent extended algebraic spinor fields and their subsequent extended bilinear covariants, which are contrasted to the classical spinor classification. An unexpected duality between the standard and the exotic spinor field classes is therefore established, showing that a complementary fusion process among the spinor field classes sets in, when extended Clifford bundles are addressed in multiply connected space-times.
The SocialVidStim: a video database of positive and negative social evaluation stimuli for use in social cognitive neuroscience paradigms
Authors: Tully Laura M , Blendermann Mary , Fine Jeffrey R , Zakskorn Lauren N , Fritz Matilda , Hamlett Gabriella E , Lamb Shannon T , Moody Anna K , Ng Julenne , Parakul Narimes , Ritter Bryn M , Rahim Raisa , Yu Grace , Taylor Sandra L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the SocialVidStim—a database of video stimuli available to the scientific community depicting positive and negative social evaluative and neutral statements. The SocialVidStim comprises 53 diverse individuals reflecting the demographic makeup of the USA, ranging from 9 to 41 years old, saying 20–60 positive and 20–60 negative social evaluative statements (e.g. ‘You are a very trustworthy/annoying person’), and 20–60 neutral statements (e.g. ‘The sky is blue’), totaling 5793 videos post-production. The SocialVidStim are designed for use in behavioral and functional magetic resonance imaging paradigms, across developmental stages, in diverse populations. This study describes stimuli development and reports initial validity and reliability data on a subset videos (N = 1890) depicting individuals aged 18–41 years. Raters perceive videos as expected: positive videos elicit positively valenced ratings, negative videos elicit negatively valenced ratings and neutral videos are rated as neutral. Test–retest reliability data demonstrate intraclass correlations in the good-to-excellent range for negative and positive videos and the moderate range for neutral videos. We also report small effects on valence and arousal that should be considered during stimuli selection, including match between rater and actor sex and actor believability. The SocialVidStim is a resource for researchers and we offer suggestions for using the SocialVidStim in future research.
Returns to work following retirement in Germany, Russia, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Platts Loretta G , Glaser Karen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most unretirement research has focused on single countries, indicating that socio-economic advantage and financial need predict unretirement in particular settings. Remarkably, little is known about whether the frequency and predictors of unretirement—returning to paid work after ceasing work at retirement—vary in relation to the country setting. We followed recent retirees over time in Germany, Russia, and the United Kingdom to compare unretirement rates and predictors, and whether financial need predicted unretirement in a middle-income setting rather than in a high-income setting. We harmonized data ex post from four prospective surveys: German Socio-Economic Panel Study (1991–2016), Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994–2016), and for the United Kingdom, British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008), and Understanding Society (2010–2015). Unretirement was examined using Cox regression in relation to gender, age, education, health, household income, and financial difficulties. After 20 years of follow-up, the cumulative hazard of unretirement attained 0.20 in German, 0.24 in British, and 0.40 in Russian participants. Unretirement rates were generally higher for retirees who were younger, in better health and had higher household income. Worries about finances did not predict unretirement in Russia; such concerns predicted higher unretirement rates only in fully adjusted models in Germany and the United Kingdom. Since retirees in financial need may have difficulties finding suitable jobs, unretirement is a process with the potential to deepen financial inequality in later life. Variations in unretirement rates and predictors across countries demonstrate the importance of extending unretirement research to incorporate a cross-national comparative perspective.
The Mountain Model for Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Initiatives
Authors: Waldrop Julee , Dunlap Jayne Jennings 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis article introduces the Mountain Model, the first conceptual model for evidence-based practice quality improvement (EBPQI) initiatives. The Mountain Model merges modern evidence-based practice (EBP) and quality improvement (QI) paradigm principles into a unified conceptual framework with the goal of disseminating and sustaining EBPQI projects across health care and related settings. The model was developed within the nursing discipline, but is designed for transdisciplinary implementation through interprofessional teams.
Sex, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Substance Use Disorders in US Military Veterans: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study
Authors: Moore Avalon S. , Stefanovics Elina A. , Jankovsky Anastasia , Potenza Marc N. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
US veterans report more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than nonveterans, and a greater number of ACEs has been linked to substance use disorders (SUDs). To date, however, no study has examined whether specific ACEs may be linked to SUDs in this population in a sex-related fashion.

Methods
We analyzed data from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative survey of 4069 US veterans. ACEs, current alcohol use disorder (AUD), and current drug use disorder (DUD) were assessed using validated self-report measures.

Results
Being raised in a household with people with SUDs was independently associated with current AUD. Childhood sexual abuse and having an incarcerated family member were independently associated with current DUD. Sex moderated associations with specific ACEs. Specifically, female veterans who had experienced physical neglect in childhood or were raised with a mentally ill family member in the home were more likely to endorse current AUD and DUD, whereas male veterans who experienced sexual abuse in childhood or who were raised in a home with someone who used substances were more likely to endorse current AUD and DUD.

Conclusions
Results underscore the importance of targeted and sex-sensitive interventions in addressing potentially unresolved childhood traumas as part of treatment efforts for SUDs in veterans.
Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures: The Association Between Obesity and Perioperative, Clinical, and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Merrell Lauren A. , Gibbons Kester , Ganta Abhishek , Konda Sanjit R. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the association between obesity and treatment approaches, perioperative factors, and clinical and radiographic outcomes following subtrochanteric fracture fixation.
METHODS: Design: Retrospective Cohort

Setting:
Academic Medical Center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients operatively treated for an AO/OTA 32Axa, 32Bxa, or 32Cxa subtrochanteric femur fracture.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: Injury characteristics, perioperative parameters, fixation information, postoperative complications, clinical and radiographic outcomes. Univariable analyses were conducted between the obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and the non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) cohorts. Regression analyses were performed to assess BMI as a continuous variable

RESULTS:
Of 230 operatively treated subtrochanteric fracture patients identified, 49 (21%) were obese and 181 (79%) were non-obese. The average age of the obese cohort was 69.6 ± 17.2 years, with 16 (33%) males and 33 (77%) females. The average age of the non-obese cohort was 71.8 ± 19.2 years, with 60 (33%) males and 121 (77%) females. Aside from BMI, there were no significant differences in demographics between the obese and non-obese (age [p=0.465], gender [p=0.948], ASA Score [p=0.739]). Both cohorts demonstrated similar injury characteristics including mechanism of injury, atypical fracture type, and AO/OTA fracture pattern (32A, 32B, 32C). Obese patients underwent more open reduction procedures (59% open obese, 11% open non-obese, p<0.001), a finding further quantified by a 24% increased likelihood of open reduction for every 1 unit increase in BMI (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2-1.3, p<0.001). There was no difference in average nail diameter, 1 vs 2-screw nail design, or number of locking screws placed. The obese cohort was operated on more frequently on a fracture table (p<0.001) when compared to the non-obese cohort which was operated on more frequently on a flat table (p<0.001). There were no significant differences (p>0.050) in postoperative complications, mortality/readmission rates, hospital quality measures, fixation failure or time to bone healing.

CONCLUSIONS:
The treatment of subtrochanteric fractures in obese patients is associated with a higher likelihood of surgeons opting for open fracture reduction and the use of different operating room table types, but no difference was observed in postoperative complications, mortality or readmission rates, or healing timeline when compared to non-obese patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Enhancing the evaluation of physical function following orthopaedic trauma care: comparison of PROMIS Computerized Adaptive Testing and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA)
Authors: Luijten Michiel A.J. , Haverman Lotte , Terwee Caroline B. , Poeze Martijn , Verbeek Diederik O. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare measurement properties of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference (PI)) computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to traditional Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) (dysfunction index (DI) and bother index (BI)). To explore factors associated with PROMIS scores.

METHODS:
Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Level-I Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
isolated upper/lower extremity fracture patients were recruited from the orthopaedic trauma outpatient clinic (October 1, 2021 to January 1, 2023).

Outcome measures:
Correlations (Pearson), reliability (Standard error (SE)(T score), efficiency (amount of information per item(1 – SE2/ Nitems)) and floor/ceiling effects were assessed. An r>0.7 represented high correlation, SE≤2.2 represented sufficient reliability. Factors associated with worse PROMIS scores were also identified.

RESULTS:
In total, 202 patients completed PROMs at median 98 days follow-up. Correlations between PROMIS-PF and SMFA-DI, and PROMIS-PI and SMFA-BI were -0.84 and 0.65. Reliability was very high for both instruments (mean SE 2.0(PROMIS-PF), SE 2.1(PROMIS-PI) and SE 1.2(SMFA-DI), SE 1.8(SMFA-BI)). Relative efficiency for PROMIS-PF versus SMFA-DI, and PROMIS-PI versus SMFA-BI was 7.8(SD2.5), and 4.1(SD1.7), respectively. Neither PROMIS nor SMFA exhibited floor/ceiling effects. In the multivariable regression analyses, elevated levels of depression, among other factors, showed an (independent) association with worse PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI scores.

CONCLUSIONS:
PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI CATs showed a (high and moderate) correlation with SMFA and hence measure a comparable construct of physical function and discomfort. As CATs are much more efficient to administer, they present a compelling alternative to SMFA for evaluating impact of fracture treatment. The relation between symptoms of depression and PROMIS scores emphasizes the importance of psychosocial aspects of health in orthopaedic trauma patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors Influencing Optimal Bracing Compliance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Asada Tomoyuki , Kotani Toshiaki , Sakuma Tsuyoshi , Iijima Yasushi , Sakashita Kotaro , Ogata Yosuke , Akazawa Tsutomu , Minami Shohei , Ohtori Seiji , Koda Masao , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: April 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To identify factors contributing to optimal bracing compliance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
Poor brace compliance is a key factor affecting brace treatment success in AIS. Predictive factors influencing optimal brace compliance to achieve brace treatment success remain unknown.

Materials and Methods.
This study included AIS patients aged 10 to 15, with a Cobb angle of 20° to 40°. Demographics data, radiographic assessments, and patient-reported outcomes (including the SRS-22r patient questionnaire) were collected. Brace compliance was monitored using in-brace thermometers, defining optimal bracing time as >18 h/d. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of optimal bracing time from the demographic and patient-reported outcomes score before bracing.

Results.
Among 122 patients, 59.0% achieved optimal bracing time by six months. The achieved group indicated higher scores in the satisfaction domain before bracing (3.3±0.7 vs. 3.1±0.6; P=0.034). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the satisfaction domain before bracing was an independent factor associated with the achievement of the optimal bracing time [OR 1.97 (95% CI: 1.00–3.89), P=0.049]. The model with bracing at one-month follow-up also demonstrated the bracing at 1 month was a significant factor [OR 1.52 (95% CI: 1.30–1.79), P<0.001].

Conclusions.
Optimal bracing compliance in AIS is significantly influenced by prebracing satisfaction and brace compliance at earlier time points. These findings highlight the need to address psychological factors and early compliance in AIS bracing treatment. SRS-22r can be useful to identify the need for psychological support.