bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varied routes of entry into secondary care and delays in the management of lung cancer in New Zealand
Authors: STEVENS Wendy , STEVENS Graham , KOLBE John , COX Brian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim:  To determine secondary care transit times for lung cancer patients, whether these times conformed to international guidelines and the major factors which influenced these times.Methods:  An audit of secondary care management in Auckland‐Northland of lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2004 (565 patients) provided the opportunity to assess entry routes into and transit times in secondary care.Results:  The most common entry route was via the emergency department (ED) (35%, 198 patients), especially for those with metastatic disease (P < 0.0005). The median time from entry to diagnosis was 22 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 11; 42) overall, but only 11 days (IQR: 6; 18) when entry occurred via ED. The median time from entry to treatment was 64 days (38; 93); 59 days (36; 87) for palliative treatment and 76 days (50; 111) for curative treatment. Initiation of treatment within British Thoracic Society recommended times occurred for 41% patients undergoing surgical resection, 36% receiving definitive (56% palliative) radiation therapy and 40% receiving chemotherapy. The factors that influenced transit times in multivariate analysis included the entry route, the presenting symptoms, the investigations performed, the tumor type, multidisciplinary discussion and Maori ethnicity.Conclusion:  A high proportion of lung cancer patients, especially those treated curatively, were not managed within internationally recommended timeframes. Improved access to primary care may facilitate earlier diagnosis and better resource allocation and prioritizing patients in secondary care may improve the timeliness of treatment for those most likely to benefit from it, thereby improving survival outcomes.
The scattered debris of the Magellanic Stream
Authors: Westmeier T. , Koribalski B. S. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Searching the H i Parkes All-Sky Survey and its northern extension, we detected a population of very compact high-velocity clouds (HVCs) with similar velocities in the Galactic standard-of-rest frame which appear to be arranged in several filaments aligned with the nearby Magellanic Stream. A comparison with published O vi/Ca ii absorption and H i emission-line measurements suggests that the HVCs are condensations within an extended and mainly ionized component of the Magellanic Stream. They coincide in position with a faint gas stream predicted in numerical simulations of the Magellanic Clouds by Gardiner & Noguchi. Consequently, the Magellanic Stream could be much more extended than generally believed.
ANALYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AROMATIC PLANTS BY RP‐HPLC AND GC‐MS AFTER SILYLATION
Authors: PROESTOS CHARALAMPOS , KAPSOKEFALOU MARIA , KOMAITIS MICHAEL 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Aromatic plants of Greek origin, Origanum dictamnus (dictamus), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Origanum vulgare L. (oregano), Mellisa officinalis L. (balm mint) and Sideritis cretica (mountain tea) were examined for the content of phenolic substances. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of the plant extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was also used for identification of phenolic compounds after silylation. The most abundant phenolic acids were gallic acid (1.5–2.6 mg 100 g−1 dry sample), ferulic acid (0.34–6.9 mg 100 g−1 dry sample) and caffeic acid (1.0–13.8 mg 100 g−1 dry sample). (+)‐Catechin and (−)‐epicatechin were the main flavonoids identified in oregano and mountain tea. Quercetin was detected only in eucalyptus and mountain tea.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPlant‐derived polyphenols receive considerable interest because of their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Undoubtedly, it is very important not only to determine those properties but also to determine each and every phenol in aromatic plants both qualitatively and quantitatively. A number of analytical methods have been proposed for the separation and determination of these compounds. Most of these protocols are based on a high performance liquid chromatography technique with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after silylation of the phenolic compounds is used in this research together with the aforementioned technique as an alternative and more sensitive method to detect and understand the compositional profile of the extracts as well as the structure and functional relationship of the components in the extracts, based on MS spectra.
A SIMPLE AND RAPID DETECTION BY PCR OF ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN NATURALLY CONTAMINATED VEGETABLES
Authors: IBENYASSINE KHADIJA , AITMHAND RAJAA , KARAMOKO YAHAYA , ENNAJI MOULAY MUSTAPHA 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Contaminated vegetables have been identified as one of the principal sources of foodborne illnesses. Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria that can contaminate vegetables and cause serious foodborne disease. The development of simple and rapid assays for detection of E. coli would enable official agencies and food industries to identify contaminated foodstuffs in a timelier manner. In this work, we detected E. coli contamination in four types of vegetables using a 24 h procedure. This method is very specific, rapid and simple to use in the laboratory. Indeed, the enrichment, DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification procedures described here can also be used for detection of E. coli in other foods.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFoodborne disease remains an important public health threat worldwide; one of the most important food safety hazards is associated with raw vegetables. Several studies have found that products can support the growth of enteric bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli. Culture techniques are universally recognized as the standard method for detecting pathogenic bacteria in foods. Bacteria are detected and subsequently identified by growth on solid selective culture media and by analysis of metabolic properties or serotyping. This process is lengthy and may last 5–10 days or more. In our investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of E. coli in vegetables was realized within 24 h. The pre‐enrichment step used in this study did not have any inhibiting effect on the PCR. Therefore, it became possible to rapidly and directly detect E. coli in raw vegetables by the PCR technique just by heating samples.
PERFORMANCE OF PETRIFILM AEROBIC COUNT PLATES ON ENUMERATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN FERMENTED MILKS
Authors: NERO LUÍS AUGUSTO , DE ANDRADE RODRIGUES LÍVIA , VIÇOSA GABRIELA NOGUEIRA , ORTOLANI MARIA BEATRIZ TASSINARI 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare Petrifilm Aerobic Count (AC) plates and the conventional pour plate methodology using the de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe (MRS) agar for the enumeration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented milks (FMs), with different starter cultures added. FM samples (n = 66) were collected and plated on both methodologies, with incubation under anaerobic conditions at 35C for 48 h. The count results were compared by analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05) and regression analysis. No differences between the mean counts obtained by both methodologies were observed, even when distinct FMs were compared. Considering all samples, a high correlation level was obtained between Petrifilm AC and MRS agar (r = 0.92), but these indexes were lower in FMs with Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (r = 0.90) and Lactobacillus fortis (r = 0.81). Despite some slight interferences, Petrifilm AC has proven to be a convenient methodology on enumerating LAB in FM.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study focused on the evaluation of an important tool for monitoring the microbiologic quality in the food industry. Petrifilm plates are widely used in the food industry, and their application for several microorganisms groups and foods must be properly evaluated for convenient application. Petrifilm Aerobic Count (AC) plates, associated to the de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth, were already described as adequate for the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) enumeration in foods. However, A previous study was conducted only with experimental inoculation of LAB in sterile milk and naturally occurring LAB in raw milk (Nero et al. 2006). This article is a complement of the first one, and we show the convenience of Petrifilm AC plates on LAB enumeration in fermented milks, considering different types of LAB starter cultures on the performance of this methodology.
MONITORING CHANGES IN GERMINATION AND PERMEABILITY OF BACILLUS CEREUS ENDOSPORES FOLLOWING CHEMICAL, HEAT AND ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS USING FLOW CYTOMETRY
Authors: CRONIN ULTAN P. , WILKINSON MARTIN G. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT The germination inhibition of Bacillus cereus endospores and the removal of various structural components were undertaken using a number of standard treatments. Concomitantly, the changes in the entry and retention of the fluorescent nucleic acid dyes, SYTO 9, propidium iodide (PI) or Hoechst 33342, or hydrolysis of carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), were analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) and epifluorescence microscopy. SYTO 9 and PI staining followed by FCM analysis detected six discrete subpopulations of endospores across all treatments, while CFDA/Hoechst 33342 staining allowed the identification of subpopulations of permeabilized endospores possessing intracellular esterase activity. Differential permeability to PI and Hoechst 33342 as revealed using FCM appeared related to the germination stage and the absence of specific structural components. Additionally, endospores halted at specific points during germination had characteristic FCM fluorescence profiles. This study highlighted the potential of FCM as a useful technique for rapidly studying endospore germination and structural alterations following treatment with sporistatic/sporicidal physicochemical treatments.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe flow cytometry methods described in this report could be used to differentiate between endospores halted at various stages of germination, e.g., those that have lost dipicolinic acid only versus those that have also begun to degrade their cortex. Furthermore, the methods could simultaneously supply information on the mechanism of action of germination inhibitors and whether or not enzyme activity (nonspecific intracellular esterase) was present in treated endospores. The method also allows the discrimination between endospores with a specific structural component removed, e.g., endospores lacking coat (highly propidium iodide [PI] permeable) versus intact endospores (impermeable to PI). An extension of this methodology would be the quantification of the percentage of endospores exhibiting structural damage, e.g., damage to the exosporium, following treatment with sporistatic/sporicidal physicochemical treatments. Indeed, using these methods, the direct examination of food, environmental or clinical samples to rapidly evaluate the viability/structural integrity of contaminating endospores is possible.
ASSESSMENT OF CONVENTIONAL DETECTION METHOD, IMMUNOANALYSIS AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR SALMONELLA SPP. MONITORING IN CHICKEN
Authors: VON RÜCKERT DIMITRI ALEKSANDER SALDANHA , DE ARRUDA PINTO PAULO SÉRGIO , VANETTI MARIA CRISTINA DANTAS , MORAES MAURO PIRES , JUNIOR ABELARDO SILVA , NERO LUÍS AUGUSTO 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Three Salmonella spp. detection methodologies were evaluated in superficial chicken carcasses samples collected in a poultry slaughter. One hundred thirty‐five were tested by conventional isolation procedure, 70 by immunoanalysis and 90 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of Salmonella spp. isolation among the methodologies was evaluated considering their applicability as monitoring tools for quality control programs, like the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). The immunoanalysis and PCR methods showed significant differences from the conventional isolation procedure (qui‐square = 18.51; gl = 2; P < 0.0001), and they presented higher frequencies of positive results. Besides being more sensitive and specific, immunoanalysis and PCR were faster and more practical in Salmonella spp. monitoring. These characteristics make these alternative techniques more suitable as monitoring tools for quality control programs as HACCP.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Salmonella spp. detection in chicken during the slaughter is fundamental to assure microbiological safety, a worldwide concern. The chicken slaughter process must be conducted in order to avoid the contamination of the carcasses, resulting in food with low levels of microbial contamination, including pathogens as Salmonella spp. This paper shows the adequacy of three methodologies for this purpose (the conventional isolation and two alternative methodologies, VIDAS and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), so as to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Considering the results, it is possible to identify which one is more convenient for proper Salmonella spp. monitoring in distinct slaughterhouses. In addition, the obtained results allow the observation of the most efficient tested methodologies which showed more sensitivity and specificity, leading their application in food industries, scientific researches and official inspection services.
TRAINING, VALIDATION AND MAINTENANCE OF A PANEL TO EVALUATE THE TEXTURE OF DRY BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
Authors: ROMERO DEL CASTILLO R. , VALERO J. , CASAÑAS F. , COSTELL E. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT The inclusion of dry beans in diets has clear health benefits. However, consumers in developed countries mainly choose beans for their sensory qualities, especially for their texture. This article describes the constitution, training and validation of a panel of judges to evaluate the texture of dry beans. The judges were trained in the perception of different textures, analyzed a wide range of beans and selected seed‐coat roughness, seed‐coat perceptibility and creaminess/mealiness of the cotyledon as the main attributes to be scored. After training, the panel was capable of discriminating between different varieties of beans and even between beans of the same variety grown at different locations. The analysis of the behavior of the panel in a standard tasting session 2 years after its formation showed that periodic inclusion of samples from the extremes of the scales for the attributes during tasting sessions was sufficient to keep the panel trained.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis article could serve as a guide for the training of sensory panels to evaluate the texture of dry beans. It describes the selection of the attributes on which the analysis is based, references for the extreme values of the attributes and how to train the panel. It also provides a practical example of the analysis of the behavior of the panel some time after training.
PSYCHOLOGIC DIMENSIONS IN THE PERCEPTION OF EVERYDAY ODORS: PLEASANTNESS AND EDIBILITY
Authors: ZARZO MANUEL 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Different studies have reported that when a wide range of odors are assessed at a similar odor intensity, the hedonic dimension (pleasantness) is the most salient. Multivariate statistical methods can be applied to odor profile databases in order to further understand other underlying dimensions in the psychologic perception of everyday smells. One of the few odor profile databases published in the literature using odorant samples representative of ordinary odors was obtained by Chrea and coworkers (2005) . In the present study, this data set was reanalyzed using principal component analysis. The first component was related with the hedonic dimension, while the second component discriminated food versus nonfood odors. These results suggest that ordinary smells could be classified according to their hedonic and edible character, which is of interest to provide some consensus in odor classification as well as to develop low‐dimensional odor maps. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDifferent classification schemes of ordinary odors have been proposed in the literature, but none of them is based on the psychologic dimensions of odor perception, which is the proposal of this study. In a reported research, a panel of about 120 subjects rated the hedonic tone of 146 odor descriptors on a numeric scale. Similarly, if a panel is asked to rate the hedonic as well as the edible character of a large set of odors, the results would allow the classification of odor descriptors according to both psychologic dimensions. A scatter plot of these ratings might be regarded as a two‐dimensional map of ordinary odors. The same idea could be extended to other relevant dimensions of olfactory perception space, which might provide the basis to develop low‐dimensional odor maps, as well as to achieve certain consensus in odor classification.
FRESH‐CUT ANNURCA APPLES: ACCEPTABILITY STUDY AND SHELF‐LIFE DETERMINATION
Authors: TORRIERI E. , DI MONACO R. , CAVELLA S. , MASI P. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT To establish the likelihood of purchase and acceptability level of new fresh‐cut apples, the responses of two categories of consumers, children and adults, were evaluated. The effect of storage time on acceptability was investigated and the shelf life of fresh‐cut apples was determined by using a Weibull hazard model. The samples were distributed at different storage time (from second to fifth day) at the Science Museum of Naples as part of an educational program for children to evaluate the likelihood of buying and the acceptability level of the product. The data were collected over 5 weeks, and the test was performed in 2,421 children and 224 adults. The product was distributed at the University of Naples at different storage time (time 0 to 10 days) to perform the Weibull test using 63 consumers. The adults and children appreciated the product, and the adults were generally willing to buy it. The Weibull analysis proved an appropriate method to evaluate product shelf life, which was estimated at 7.5 days at 4C. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study contributes to enhance the competitiveness of a traditional food as Protected Geographical Indication Annurca apples. In fact, an attractive way to improve the consumption of this variety of apple is to market it as a ready‐to‐eat product. Also, the research allows for a better understanding of the children's acceptability level of new fresh‐cut apples in order to improve the intake of apples among primary schoolchildren. In fact, an interesting way to increase the children's consumption of fruit is to distribute it at school level and also to increase the convenience for children. Finally, the fact that the product was distributed to the Science Museum of Naples can be considered as a premarket test for a new product launch.
EFFECT OF SERVING TEMPERATURE ON THE SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF RED AND WHITE WINES
Authors: ROSS CAROLYN F. , WELLER KAREN 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT Convention dictates that red wines should be served around room temperature and white wines should be served chilled. The objective of this study was to determine the sensory impact of white wine serving temperature (4, 10 and 18C) and red wine serving temperature (14, 18 and 23C) on wine sensory attributes. A trained panel evaluated a series of adjusted model wines served at different serving temperatures. The control white wine was adjusted to enhance sweetness and acidity, while the control red wine was adjusted to enhance bitterness and astringency. For both wines, the adjusted wine was rated significantly higher on the enhanced sensory attribute compared with the unaltered control. In white wine, serving temperature significantly affected perceived aroma, with sweetness and acidity intensities impacted by the interaction between the panelist and temperature (P ≤ 0.05). In red wine, serving temperature significantly affected aroma intensity. These results indicate that the sensory attributes of white wines may be more influenced by serving temperature than red wines.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe temperature at which wine is served is thought to affect the intensity of the different sensory attributes in wine. Depending on whether the wine is white or red, different taste and mouthfeel attributes are of interest. In white wine, the typically cooler serving temperature is thought to suppress sweetness while enhancing acidity. Serving red wine close to room temperature is thought to enhance wine aroma while diminishing perceived bitterness and astringency typically associated with red wine. While these relationships have been suggested, there is little scientific published research describing the effect of serving temperature on the perception of different wine attributes. With increased understanding of the relationship between temperature and sensory properties, recommendations for serving temperature ranges could possibly be built. The objective of this study was the examination of the sensory impact of white wine serving temperature (4, 10 and 18C) and red wine serving temperature (14, 18 and 23C) on salient wine sensory attributes.
Case study: the performance and design outline of a buffering stormwater drainage system for a low‐lying area
Authors: Zhou Yongchao , Li Tian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPerformance evaluation and safety assessment of a buffering stormwater drainage system (BSDS) for a low‐lying area are discussed in this paper. Unlike a conventional pump drainage system, the BSDS, which drains stormwater runoff of a low‐lying area to a nearby channel system through underground conduits with gravity, and then buffering peak flows with the storage capacity of a channel system, will discharge stormwater to rivers outside the low‐lying area with pumps or flood gates if necessary. This kind of drainage system is considered to be environment friendly and economic both in terms of capital cost and operating & maintenance expenses. To investigate the design parameters and evaluate the performance and safety of BSDS, a hydraulic model coupling the conduit systems and a channel system was developed in this paper, and a case‐study approach based on field investigation and simulation test was used. Moreover, the design requirements for safety of BSDS were drawn through a simulation test.
Object Perception: Vision and Audition
Authors: O’Callaghan Casey 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVision has been the primary focus of naturalistic philosophical research concerning perception and perceptual experience. Guided by visual experience and vision science, many philosophers have focused upon theoretical issues dealing with the perception of objects. Recently, however, hearing researchers have discussed auditory objects. I present the case for object perception in vision, and argue that an analog of object perception occurs in auditory perception. I propose a notion of an auditory object that is stronger than just that of an intentional object of audition, but that does not identify auditory objects with the ordinary material objects we see.