bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reclaiming the Public: a Reflection on Creating Civil Society in Romania
Authors: Kligman Gail 
Published: March 2007

“I think it is somewhat arbitrary to try to dissociate the effective practice of freedom by people, the practice of social relations and the spatial distributions in which they find themselves. If they are separated, they become impossible to understand. Each can only be understood through the other.” Michel Foucault, “Space, Knowledge, and Power” “If conditions were to be created for democracy in some countries in the Soviet bloc... it might be an appropriate transitional solution that would help to restore the devastated sense of civic awareness, to renew democratic discussion, to allow for the crystallization of an elementary political plurality, an essential expression of the aims of life. But to cling to the notion of traditional parliamentary democracy as one's political ideal and to succumb to the illusion that only this `tried and true' form is capable of guaranteeing human beings enduring dignity and an independent role in society would, in my opinion, be at the very least shortsighted.” Václav Havel, The Power of the Powerless: Citizens Against the State in Central-Eastern Europe
Ideology and the Czech Transformation: Neoliberal Rhetoric or Neoliberal Reality?
Authors: Dangerfield Martin 
Published: March 2007

As true liberals, we should start with a very heavy dose of monetarist medicine—with economic policy measures, not with formal institutional reform—because with “easy money” no real changes in economic behavior of any agents can be achieved. Václav Klaus and Tomas Ježek, December 1989
The Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Property Performance of Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Ward Susan , Crosby Jane 
Published: March 2007

Development of pultrusion technologies at ICI has lead to several new rein forced thermoplastic products Continuous tapes, prepregs and long fiber pellets are pres ently being commercialized. These products can be used in thermoforming, compression molding, extrusion and injection molding In soine of these processes, such as thermo forming, the end product contains continuous, unidirectional fibers The only factor that will effect the mechanical properties of the part therefore is the fiber matrix adhesion which can be controlled during pultrusion In other processes such as injection molding this is not the case Fibers in molded parts are both discontinuous and multidirectional It is therefore vital that the factors which con trol mechanical properties in discontinuous fiber reinforced composites be understood. It is the object of this paper to summarize the influence that orientation, fiber matrix adhe sion, and fiber length have on the mechanical properties of moldings containing 50% glass reinforced nylon 6/6, 40% carbon reinforced nylon 6/6, and 40% aramid reinforced nylon 6/6 composites. The effect that fiber loading has on the mechanical properties will also be discussed. Hopefully through this study the benefits and limitations of long fiber pultru sion compounds as injection molded products can be defined
HIV/AIDS in India: Problem and Response
Authors: Mohammed Shaukat , Panakadan Salil 
Published: March 2007

The current prevalence of HIV in India is estimated to be around 4. 6 million infections, 74.8 per cent of those infected being men and 85.3 per cent of infections occurring through the sexual route. Analysis of data from biological and behavioural surveillance from across the country brings out the fact that the epidemic is heterogeneously distributed and is spreading not onlygeographically, but also shows increasing rates in different risk groups, while continuing to affect the general population. The epidemic is in an advanced stage in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kar nataka, Manipur and Nagaland. Nationwide efforts have been initiatedduring the last decade through a comprehensive National AIDS Control Programme. The response has been participatory, multi-sectoral, evidence based and with a number ofsuccess stories. This gives us hope that a sustained high-quality response will contain and manage the epidemic and its consequences.
Planning for the International Quality Review Process
Authors: Malo Salvador , Valle Rosamaria , Wriedt Karin 
Published: March 2007

ThA article describes the way in which the International Quality Review Process (IQRP) contributes to the review of the international activities of a large, complex university and the formulation of a policy proposal for such activities. The National University of Mexico (UNAM) is one of the largest and most complex universities in the world and the most importanthigher education institution in the country. The article begins with a general description of UNAM in the context of the Mexican higher education system, the background to its international activities and the reasons behind the university s interest in the International Quality Review Process (IQRP). It describes the steps involved in the process, as well as the difficulties faced and the results obtained, in both the quality review process and in its incorporation into University life. The document ends with a description of the actions deemed necessary to consolidate an institutional policy of international activities in the near future. The article is a pre-publication of a chapter in the OECD-book Quality and Internationalisation in Higher Education', 1999 (Jane Knight and Hans de Wit, editors)
The Force Continuum: From Lethal to Less-than-Lethal Force
Authors: Trostle Lawrence C. 
Published: March 2007

There is a plethora of social scientific literature fraught with examples of law enforcement officers' use of lethal force, most frequently illustrating the misuse of lethal force. Many suggestions have been offered as to what might be done to constrain these officers. However, little social scientific research has been done on the technological development and deployment of "less-than-lethal weapons." These devices in and of themselves are not the sole solution, but they do provide an alternative to lethal force. There have been two major national conferences within the last two decades exploring this type of technology; albeit as a general rule the awareness of these types of devices still remains quite low among law enforcement.
Intelligent Materials for Future Electronics
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2007

Until now, electronic devices have been made using materials with given characteristics. In the future, however, materials should be designed to give the desired characteristics to electronic devices. As may be inferred from the widespread use of semi conductors in electronic devices, semiconductors are at present indispensable to the elec tronics industry. However, if we rely exclusively upon semiconductors, we run the risk of material shortages. Consequently, there is a need for new, alternative materials. Such new materials are already being referred to by a recently coined term: "Intelligent Materials". There is little hope for finding such intelligent materials in nature. It may, however, be possible to develop them through a kind of "genetic control in materials science". This paper discusses "intelligent materials" from the viewpoint of an individual whose experience is in the field of electronics.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of a Hydrogel Fiber in the Development of a Polymeric Actuator
Authors: Solari Massimo 
Published: March 2007

The ability of polymer gels to undergo reversible conformational variations when some particular environmental parameter is changed, such as temperature, pH, salt concentration, etc., can be used in the development of microactuators which are characterized by high power-to- weight ratio and built-in compliance. Such actuators could fit the requirements of some advanced bioengineering and robotics applications. Hydrogel fibers, derived from poly(acrylonitrile), show remarkable shrinking and swelling capabilities when the surrounding solution becomes acid or basic, respectively, as well as good resistance to mechanical stresses (Umemoto et al., 1991). An experimental protocol for evaluation of the electro-mechano-chemical properties of this material has been formulated, with the aim of extensively evaluating its performance for possible use as a microactuator. Tests have been grouped into two classes: mechano-chemical tests, in order to evaluate the concentration of the charged sites on the polymeric chain which are responsible for the shrinking and swelling of the gel fiber and to estimate the response of the fiber in terms of produced force density, speed of contraction, resistance to fatigue, maximum borne stress, etc., (when work ing in solutions of different pH values); and electro-mechano-chemical tests, in order to estimate the response of the fiber when the shrinking and swelling are caused by local changes of the pH induced, applying an electric field through the solution in which the hydrogel is immersed. The results show that the hydrogel fiber can generate a force density of 15 kg/cm2 during the shrinking phase, and 60 kg/cm2 in resistance to mechanical stresses. From the rest length, the maximum force exerted can be reached in about 5 seconds. The power-to-weight ratio is found to be about 5 10 4J/kg. A major shortcoming is chemical hysteresis, which could theoretically be eliminated by modifying the initial treatment used to ionize the polymer. The methods used for the characterization of the fiber and the results are presented and discussed.
Robust Control of Flexible Structures Using Multiple Shape Memory Alloy Actuators
Authors: Lashlee Robert , Butler Robert , Rao Vittal , Kern Frank 
Published: March 2007

The design and implementation of control strategies for large, flexible smart struc tures presents challenging problems. To demonstrate the capabilities of shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuators, we have designed and fabricated a three-mass test article with multiple shape-memory- alloy, NiTiNOL, actuators. Both force and moment actuators were implemented on the structure to examine the effects of control structure interaction and to increase actuation force. These SMA actu ators exhibit nonlinear effects due to dead band and saturation. The first step in the modeling process was the experimental determination of the transfer function matrix derived from frequency response data. A minimal state space representation was determined based on this transfer function matrix. Finally, a reduced order state space model was derived from the minimal state space representation. The simplified analytical models were compared with models developed by structural identification techniques based on vibration test data. From the reduced order model, a controller was designed to dampen vibrations in the test bed. To minimize the effects of uncertainties on the closed-loop system performance of smart structures, a linear quadratic Gaussian loop transfer recovery, LQG / LTR, control methodology was utilized. A standard LQG/LTR controller was designed; however, this controller could not achieve the desired performance robustness due to saturation effects. Therefore, a modified LQG / LTR design methodology was implemented to accommodate for the limited control force provided by the actua tors. The closed-loop system response of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) test article with robustness verification was experimentally obtained and is presented in this paper. The modified LQG / LTR controller demonstrated performance and stability robustness to both sensor noise and parameter variations.
The Acts of Cooperative Design
Authors: Branki Cherif NE 
Published: March 2007

An essential prerequisite to successful cooperative design is communication among designers in the design task concerned. Lin guistics may support the communication process by providing procedures for the analysis of verbal communication, whether spoken or written, and hence, immediately suggests itself as a source of descriptive methods that may fruitfully be employed in the study of communication in coop erative design. However, linguistics concepts can also be applied in other ways to cooperative design technology, notably in relation to the design of knowledge-based systems (agents). It is within this context that this paper presents a communication scheme called CASCADE (Communicative Acts in Cooperative Architectural Design Environments) which supports the interaction between agents. It commences by outlining a multi-agents framework and discusses the communication scheme and its implementation.
Complementary Roles of IDEFO and DSM for the Modeling of Information Management Processes
Authors: Malmstrdm Johan , Pikosz Peter , Malmqvist Johan 
Published: March 2007

The paper compares the IDEFO [1] (sometimes referred to as SADT) and DSM (Design Structure Matrix) [2,3] modeling tech niques. They both serve the purpose of modeling information flows. The aim of the paper is to identify positive and negative aspects of the different modeling techniques, thereby suggesting what kind of problems the different techniques are best suited for and how the techniques complement each other. As an example, both techniques are used to model the configuration management process at FFV Aerotech. It is argued that IDEFO focuses on the formal communication of specified information. DSM, on the other hand, focuses on informal com munication. The techniques support each other. Depending on the objectives with the modeling work, both techniques can be used. Useful insights can be reached with little additional work by using both techniques. It would be favorable if both techniques could be used in the same instrument, i.e., computer tool. Thereby, the same data could be used for analysis in the two techniques.
Evaluation of Alternate Chlorofluorocarbons in Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foams
Authors: Dell J.R. , Riley R.E. , Willoughby K. 
Published: March 2007

With the adoption of the Montreal Protocol last year, the search for al ternate blowing agents has intensified. HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b have been iden tified as two possible alternatives for CFC-11 in rigid foam applications. Although neither product is commercially available today, evaluations of both have begun in laboratories and on production equipment. Performance of foams manufactured on production equipment will be discussed. HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b were run in typical polyurethane/polysocyanurate for mulations on production-scale laminate board equipment. Again, physical properties and thermal conductivities will be discussed and compared. Full-scale flammability test results (i.e., ASTM E-84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteris tics of Building Materials) will be discussed. Despite the fact that HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b are not currently available to rigid foam manufacturers, this study gives good base line data on the performance of the two most promising alternate fluorocarbons to replace CFC-11 in the future. The studies demonstrate that either product is a viable blowing agent for the rigid foam industry.
A State-Space Model for Estimation of Thermal Parameters of a Homogeneous Slab
Authors: Norlen Urban 
Published: March 2007

This paper is concerned with estimation of the thermal resistance and thermal capacity from in situ thermal measurements of a homogeneous slab. A so- called state-space model in these two parameters is derived from the heat conduction equation. The model is formulated in a way suitable for estimation using standard computer software for building mathematical models using performance data. The state-space model is successfully applied to: (i) data from in situ thermal mea surements of a 800 mm loose fill insulation, and (ii) CEN-data that have recently become available for performance testing of identification methods.
An Inquiry into Management Learning
Authors: McAulay Laurie , Sims David 
Published: March 2007

This is an edited version of an electronic conference for members of the International Advisory Board of Management Learning, in which we invited our Board to discuss 'Management Learning in the year 2000'. Over the five weeks of the conference, from late August through September 1994, those members of the Board who were technologically equipped to do so and who wished were engaged in a lively and increasingly fluent debate about a range of issues under that heading, electronically chaired by David Sims. The editors of Management Learning then edited this conference thematically, taking in turn four main strands that developed in the discussion: * What is management learning? * How might Management Learning build a 'community' of debate and learning? How might Management Learning make a distinctive contribution? * Who should shape the agenda of Management Learning?
Team players or rivals in caring?
Authors: Pfeil Michael 
Published: March 2007

■ British and German nurses interpret their roles and the roles of parents in the care of children very differently. ■ The German nurses appeared to focus on the children in their care to the exclusion of the child's parents and family. Most German nurses in the study did not consider participation in the care to be a task for parents. ■ The British nurses' perception of the nursing role as caring for children, either directly or indirectly via supporting their families, appeared to limit the role of parents in the care considerably less than in the German children's wards.
Review : Childhood accidents
Authors: Lee Polly 
Published: March 2007

■ The Health of the Nation targets have raised the profile of the need for accident prevention strategies for school children ■ Tannahill's health promotion model identifies a model of health, which in turn leads to a goal for health promotion ■ To develop effective health promotion and accident prevention nurses need to work in co-operation with other agencies ■ Health promotion in schools reaches a large audience and is an important means of reaching this age group ■ For accident prevention to be effective, hazards and/or risk taking behaviour should be reduced
Review : Perceptions of job stress
Authors: Dearmun Annette K. 
Published: March 2007

■ The experiences of the first graduate children's nurses to qualify on Part 15 of the UKCC Register were drawn on for this study ■ The literature shows that stress is more prevalent in newly qualified staff nurses ■ In order to provide optimum support, awareness of the particular factors that create stress at this time is vital ■ There was a chronological dimension to the stress experience of the children's nurses', which began with an initial feeling of survival and ended with a sense of equilibrium ■ Situations which would have initially evoked stress were no longer perceived as stressful as their confidence grew ■ Towards the end of the year, any specific stressful events were associated with increased managerial responsibilities or beginning a new job ■ The nurses consistently reported increased stress when dealing with a number of specific situations
Defeating Satan and Liberating Israel: Jesus and Daniel's Visions
Authors: Evans Craig 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn recent scholarship there is greater acceptance of the authenticity of the 'son of man' sayings in the dominical tradition, though in some circles linkage with Dan. 7.13-14 is still denied. The present paper affirms this linkage, arguing that fundamental elements of Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom of God, especially with regard to the perceived struggle with the kingdom of Satan, cannot be properly understood apart from appreciation of the contribution of Daniel 7.
Criteria for Choice
Authors: Dantico Marilyn K. 
Published: March 2007

This article begins with a definition of politics as a problem-solving process. Thus, to understand politics we need to understand how people solve problems. This research focuses on the ways individuals perceive, evaluate, and use a limited amount of informa tion in solving problems in a criminal justice context. An experiment was used to control information and assess performance levels. In the first wave of the experiment Ss read "criminal court transcripts" from an assault and battery case, in which characteristics of the information source were varied. In the second treatment Ss read excerpts of the Miranda case. The data analysis presented here examines the effects of information source, individual level of cognitive complexity, and decision making rules or logics on verdicts.
The Basis of Anglican Fellowship: Some Challenges for Today
Authors: Sykes Stephen 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis article examines a central concern for the Anglican Communion, namely how a Communion without a strong central authority structure can maintain its unity in the face of potentially church-dividing issues. At present the major such issue relates to human sexuality, but the underlying problem itself is not new, and the article draws a parallel with the Kikuyu controversy of 1913 and subsequent years. The author questions the customary practice of beginning from a universal doctrine of the Church and seeing it as ‘translated’ or ‘inculturated’ into a diversity of contexts. He argues that the New Testament pattern is different. There, the experience of a variety of local churches is the starting point. Drawing on the terminology of the political philosopher Michael Walzer, he designates the local embodiment of the Church as ‘thick’ and its universal expression as ‘thin’. The concrete local embodiments of the Church should be our conceptual starting point, not an idealized picture of the Church universal.
Sensory Descriptors for a Taint in Water Packed in Test Pouches Made of Polyethylene Lined Aluminium
Authors: Linssen Jozef P. H. , Janssens Johanna L. G. M. , Roozen Jacques R. , Posthumus Maarten A. 
Published: March 2007

A panel of 48 assessors evaluated a taint in water, packed in test pouches made of low density polyethylene (LDPE) lined aluminium. This panel agreed upon eight descriptive attributes (in Dutch): metallic (metaal), syn thetic (synthetisch), dry (droog), rough (stroef), astringent (wrang), musty (muf), sickly (wee) and penetrating (doordringend). Fourteen assessors, selected with a standard triangle test, were asked to judge intensities for these attri butes on a visual analogue scale. Factor analysis reduced the original data- matrix to a six dimensional one losing only 6.4% of the original variance. Syn thetic and penetrating loaded high on one factor as well as rough and astringent on another one. Musty, sickly, metallic and dry loaded high on sepa rate factors. Direct dynamic headspace analysis of the LDPE-lined test pouches gave mainly peaks of branched alkanes of 12 carbon atoms. However, dynamic head space analysis of water in contact with the LDPE layer of the test pouches showed no alkanes but (C4 - C11) aldehydes and ketones.