bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refugee Hiring and Organizational Performance
Authors: Santangelo Grazia D. , Rocha Vera , Sofka Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

Prior research on the performance effects of hiring immigrants has mainly considered people who choose to move to other countries. We shift attention to forced migrants (i.e., refugees) and study the relationship between their employment and firm performance. We focus on the specific labor market conditions that refugees face and theorize that performance improves among firms that hire refugees. We explain this relationship using two interconnected mechanisms that revolve around refugees’ limited outside options. First, as refugees have strong incentives to remain employed, they put extensive effort into their jobs, work long hours, and, thereby, reduce the employer’s labor costs related to worker turnover (effort mechanism). Second, as refugees are generally willing to accept low pay, hiring them reduces the employer’s labor costs related to salaries (remuneration mechanism). Moreover, we theorize that greater job insecurity at the hiring firm strengthens both mechanisms because it increases refugees’ perceived risk of being fired and their fear of being unemployed. We find support for our theoretical predictions in a matched sample of 27,782 firms in Denmark covering the period from 2001 to 2016. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Migration and Organization. Funding: V. Rocha received financial support from the Carlsberg Foundation [Grant CF21-0156]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15980 .
A risk stratification model for high-flow nasal cannula use in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Japan: A single-center retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kurihara Ibuki , Sugawara Hitoshi 
Published: February 2024

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a strain on the healthcare system, and sudden changes in disease status during home treatment have become a serious issue. Therefore, prediction of disease severity and allocation of sufficient medical resources, including high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), to patients in need are important. We aimed to determine risk factors for the need of HFNC use in COVID-19.

Methods
This was a single-center retrospective observational cohort study including all eligible hospitalized adult patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 14, 2020 and August 5, 2021 who were treated in the study hospital. The primary outcome is the need for HFNC. Nineteen potential predictive variables, including patient characteristics at hospital admission, were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score. Accuracy of the risk score was determined using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
The study cohort included 148 patients. The rate of the need for HFNC was 22.9%. Among the 19 potential variables, percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) <92% (odds ratio [OR] 7.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.806–20.82) and IL-6 (OR 1.021, 95% CI 1.010–1.033) were included in developing the risk score, which was termed interleukin (IL)-6-based COVID-19 severity (IBC-S) score.

Conclusions
The IBC-S score, an easy-to-use risk score based on parameters available at the time of hospital admission, predicted the need for HFNC in patients with COVID-19. The IBC-S score based on interleukin-6 and SpO2 might aid in determining patients who should be transported to a tertiary medical institution or an isolation facility.
Modelling the GDP of KSA using linear and non-linear NNAR and hybrid stochastic time series models
Authors: Almarashi Abdullah M. , Daniyal Muhammad , Jamal Farrukh 
Published: February 2024

Background
Gross domestic product (GDP) serves as a crucial economic indicator for measuring a country’s economic growth, exhibiting both linear and non-linear trends. This study aims to analyze and propose an efficient and accurate time series approach for modeling and forecasting the GDP annual growth rate (%) of Saudi Arabia, a key financial indicator of the country.

Methodology
Stochastic linear and non-linear time series modeling, along with hybrid approaches, are employed and their results are compared. Initially, conventional linear and nonlinear methods such as ARIMA, Exponential smoothing, TBATS, and NNAR are applied. Subsequently, hybrid models combining these individual time series approaches are utilized. Model diagnostics, including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), are employed as criteria for model selection to identify the best-performing model.

Results
The findings demonstrated that the neural network autoregressive (NNAR) model, as a non-linear approach, outperformed all other models, exhibiting the lowest values of MAE, RMSE and MAPE. The NNAR(5,3) projected the GDP of 1.3% which is close to the projection of IMF benchmark (1.9) for the year 2023.

Conclusion
The selected model can be employed by economists and policymakers to formulate appropriate policies and plans. This quantitative study provides policymakers with a basis for monitoring fluctuations in GDP growth from 2022 to 2029 and ensuring the sustained progression of GDP beyond 2029. Additionally, this study serves as a guide for researchers to test these approaches in different economic dynamics.
Clarifying the relationship between mental illness and recidivism using machine learning: A retrospective study
Authors: Cohen Talia R. , Fronk Gaylen E. , Kiehl Kent A. , Curtin John J. , Koenigs Michael 
Published: February 2024

Objective
There is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the relationship between recidivism and mental illness. This retrospective study aimed to use rigorous machine learning methods to understand the unique predictive utility of mental illness for recidivism in a general population (i.e.; not only those with mental illness) prison sample in the United States.

Method
Participants were adult men (n = 322) and women (n = 72) who were recruited from three prisons in the Midwest region of the United States. Three model comparisons using Bayesian correlated t-tests were conducted to understand the incremental predictive utility of mental illness, substance use, and crime and demographic variables for recidivism prediction. Three classification statistical algorithms were considered while evaluating model configurations for the t-tests: elastic net logistic regression (GLMnet), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forests (RF).

Results
Rates of substance use disorders were particularly high in our sample (86.29%). Mental illness variables and substance use variables did not add predictive utility for recidivism prediction over and above crime and demographic variables. Exploratory analyses comparing the crime and demographic, substance use, and mental illness feature sets to null models found that only the crime and demographics model had an increased likelihood of improving recidivism prediction accuracy.

Conclusions
Despite not finding a direct relationship between mental illness and recidivism, treatment of mental illness in incarcerated populations is still essential due to the high rates of mental illnesses, the legal imperative, the possibility of decreasing institutional disciplinary burden, the opportunity to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in prison, and the potential to improve meaningful outcomes beyond recidivism following release.
Household food insecurity is associated with greater autonomic dysfunction testing score in Latinos with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bermúdez-Millán Angela , Feinn Richard , Lampert Rachel , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Segura-Pérez Sofia , Wagner Julie 
Published: February 2024

Aim
We examined household food insecurity (HFI) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in a subset of low-income Latinos with type 2 diabetes with data from a stress management trial.

Methods

Inclusion
Latino or Hispanic, Spanish speaking, age less than 18 years, ambulatory status, type 2 diabetes more than 6 months, A1c less than 7.0%.

Exclusion
Pain or dysfunction in hands (e.g., arthritis) precluding handgrip testing; medical or psychiatric instability. HFI was assessed with the 6-item U.S. household food security survey module; with responses to > = 1 question considered HFI. An ANS dysfunction index was calculated from xix autonomic function tests which were scored 0 = normal or 1 = abnormal based on normative cutoffs and then summed. Autonomic function tests were: 1) 24-hour heart rate variability as reflected in standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (SDNN) heart rate acquired with 3-channel, 7-lead ambulatory electrocardiogram (Holter) monitors; 2) difference between the highest diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during sustained handgrip and the average DBP at rest; 3) difference between baseline supine and the minimal BP after standing up; and, from 24-hour urine specimens 4) cortisol, 5) normetanephrine, and, 6) metanephrine.

Results
Thirty-five individuals participated, 23 (65.7%) of them were women, age mean = 61.6 (standard deviation = 11.2) years, HbA1c mean = 8.5% (standard deviation = 1.6) and 20 participants (57.1%) used insulin. Twenty-two participants (62.9%) reported HFI and 25 (71.4%) had one or more abnormal ANS measure. Independent t-tests showed that participants with HFI had a higher ANS dysfunction index (mean = 1.5, standard deviation = 0.9) than patients who were food secure (mean = 0.7, standard deviation = 0.8), p = 0.02. Controlling for financial strain did not change significance. Total ANS index was not related to glycemia, insulin use or other socioeconomic indicators. In this sample, HFI was associated with ANS dysfunction. Policies to improve food access and affordability may benefit health outcomes for Latinos with diabetes.
The effect of moderate and vigorous aerobic exercise training on the cognitive and walking ability among stroke patients during different periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zecheng , Guo Hongpeng , Yuan Yuan , Liu Xuebin 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe study examined whether rehabilitation using aerobic exercise is more appropriate for patients less than 3 months post-stroke or more appropriate for patients more than 3 months post-stroke.MethodPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI databases were searched from inception to September 2023. All studies included must be written in English and grey literature was excluded. The quality of the study was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The primary outcomes are cognitive ability and walking ability. The intervention of the experimental group must be or include high-intensity aerobic training or moderate-intensity aerobic training. In addition, we required low intensity routine exercises in control group.ResultOnly 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that aerobic exercise has a positive rehabilitation effect on cognitive and walking ability of stroke patients. Global Cognitive Function (SMD = 0.81 95%CI 0.49–1.12), Walking Capacity (SMD = 1.19, 95%CI 0.75–1.62), VO2peak (SMD = 0.97, 95%CI 0.66–1.28), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD = 2.73, 95%CI 2.03–3.43). We further observed that patients who suffered a stroke within the past three months exhibited superior rehabilitation outcomes compared to patients who suffered a stroke more than three months ago, specifically in terms of cognitive ability, walking tests, and cardiopulmonary function.ConclusionsIt is recommended to carry out treatment for patients in the initial stage of stroke, and it is required to pay attention to exercise intensity in the process of treatment to ensure patient safety.
Orthostatic hypotension in stroke/TIA patients: Association with new events and the effect of the NAILED intervention
Authors: Ögren Joachim , Mooe Thomas , Irewall Anna-Lotta 
Published: February 2024

Background
Fear of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and a reported association with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events may limit antihypertensive treatment after stroke/TIA. In the NAILED trial, systematic titration of antihypertensive treatment resulted in lower blood pressure (BP) and reduced the incidence of stroke. Our aim was to assess the association between OH and CV events or death in a stroke/TIA population and the association between group allocation in the NAILED trial and risk of OH during follow-up.

Methods and findings
This post-hoc analysis included all patients with complete BP measurement at baseline in the NAILED trial (n = 814). OH was defined as a drop in systolic BP ≥20 or diastolic BP ≥10 mmHg 1 minute after standing from a seated position. The association between OH and a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death was assessed using an adjusted Cox regression model with OH as a time-varying variable. The association between group allocation (intervention vs. control) and OH was assessed using logistic regression. During a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, 35.3% of patients had OH at some point. OH was not significantly associated with the composite outcome (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.80–1.54). Allocation to the intervention group in the NAILED trial was not associated with OH during follow-up (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.62–1.13).

Conclusions
OH was not associated with an increased risk of CV events or death in this stroke/TIA population. Systematic titration of antihypertensive treatment did not increase the prevalence of OH compared to usual care. Thus, OH did not reduce the gains of antihypertensive treatment.
Efficacy of acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy on brain function activation area and neurological function in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Tao , Zhou Yihao , Dai Anhong , Li Song , Zhou Li , Zhang Xiahui , Zhang Wei , Shi Jing 
Published: February 2024

Background
The probability of motor deficits after stroke is relatively high. At the same time many studies have reported that acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy have a significant effect on the treatment of stroke.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical value of acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy on brain eloquent areas and neurological function in ischemic stroke.

Methods
Seven databases were electronically searched to screen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different intervention methods (acupuncture, rehabilitation) in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The search time is from January 1, 2000 to April 20, 2023, and the search languages are limited to Chinese and English. Two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Results
A total of 17 randomized controlled studies were included, including 699 patients, with a maximum sample size of 144 cases and a minimum sample size of 11 cases. Among them, 3 studies reported the brain function in SM1 area. The effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [relative risk (OR) = 3.24, 95%CI: 1.49 to 7.05, P < 0.05]. The FMA score of patients in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group [mean difference (MD) = 4.79, 95% CI: 3.86 to 5.71, P < 0.00001]. The NIHSS score of patients in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group [mean difference (MD) = -4.12, 95% CI: -6.99 to -1.26, P < 0.05].None of studies reported adverse events.

Conclusions
Acupuncture rehabilitation for ischemic stroke can activate corresponding brain functional areas and improve neurological deficits. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture rehabilitation treatment is better than that of basic western medicine treatment, and it is more effective in improving neurological deficits. At the same time, clinical research needs to use high-quality randomized double-blind controlled trials with more detailed and larger sample designs, long-term efficacy evaluation and evidence-based research methods.
Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease while augmenting Metabolic Syndrome’s effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Elguezabal Rodelo Rebeca Garazi , Porchia Leonardo M. , Torres‐Rasgado Enrique , López-Bayghen Esther , Gonzalez-Mejia M. Elba 
Published: February 2024

Background
The aim was to evaluate the effect different types of abdominal fat have on NAFLD development and the effects of abdominal fat has on the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and NALFD.

Methods
Data was collected from the cross-sectional NHANES dataset (2017–2018 cycle). Using the controlled attenuation parameter (USG CAP, dB/m), which measures the level of steatosis, the cohort was stratified into two groups: NAFLD(+) (≥274 dB/m) and NAFLD(-). Using complex samples analyses, associations between liver steatosis or NAFLD and types of abdominal fat area [Total abdominal (TAFA), subcutaneous (SAT), and visceral (VAT)] were determined. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to evaluate the associations between adipose tissues and NAFLD. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)]. Participants were also classified by MetS, using the Harmonizing Definition criteria.

Results
Using 1,980 participants (96,282,896 weighted), there was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between USG CAP and TAFA (r = 0.569), VAT (r = 0.645), and SAT (r = 0.479). Additionally, the risk of developing NAFLD was observed for total abdominal obesity (OR = 19.9, 95%CI: 5.1–77.8, p<0.001), visceral obesity (OR = 9.1, 95%CI: 6.2–13.5, p<0.001) and subcutaneous obesity (OR = 4.8, 95%CI: 3.2–6.9, p<0.001). Using 866 participants (44,399,696 weighted), for visceral obesity, participants with MetS and visceral obesity (OR = 18.1, 95%CI: 8.0–41.3, p<0.001) were shown to have a greater risk than participants with MetS only (OR = 6.3, 95%CI: 2.6–15.2, p<0.001). For subcutaneous obesity, again, participants with MetS and subcutaneous obesity (OR = 18.3, 95%CI: 8.0–41.9, p<0.001) were shown to have a greater risk than the MetS-only group (OR = 10.3, 95%CI: 4.8–22.4, p<0.001).

Conclusion
TAFA, VAT, and SAT were positively associated with USG CAP values and increased the risk of developing NAFLD. Also, the type of abdominal fat depots did affect the association between MetS and NAFLD.
Patient-reported outcomes and symptom clusters pattern of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Wiranata Juan Adrian , Hutajulu Susanna Hilda , Astari Yufi Kartika , Leo Benedreky , Bintoro Bagas Suryo , Hardianti Mardiah Suci , Taroeno-Hariadi Kartika Widayati , Kurnianda Johan , Purwanto Ibnu 
Published: February 2024

Objective
This study aims to characterize patient-reported chemotherapy-induced toxicity in patients with breast cancer, determine its association with treatment regimens and patient characteristics, identify toxicity symptom clusters within a specific chemotherapy timeframe and analyze the correlation between symptom clusters within and between the timeframe to understand the changes and influences across chemotherapy.

Methods
Forty-six patient-reported toxicities during neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer were evaluated using adapted CTCAE version 4.0. Chi-Square/Fisher’s Exact test was performed to analyze the difference in the incidence of toxicity symptoms by chemotherapy regimens. Poisson regression performed to assess factors associated with patient’s total chemotherapy toxicity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) conducted to identify symptom clusters at T1 (first half) and T2 (second half of planned cycle). Factor scores were generated and Spearman correlation performed to explore the factor scores correlation between symptom clusters.

Results
A total of 142 patients with stage I-III breast cancer were included. The incidence of several toxicities differed significantly among three chemotherapy regimens. Subjects age ≥51 years are associated with lower number of reported toxicity (IRR/incidence rate ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval/CI 0.88 to 0.99, p = 0.042). Receiving more chemotherapy cycles are associated with higher number of reported toxicity (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10, p<0.001). Two symptom clusters identified at T1 (psychoneurological-pain/PNP-T1 and gastrointestinal-psychological/GIP-T1 cluster) and three at T2 (psychoneurological-pain/PNP-T2, epithelial/EPI-T2, and gastrointestinal cluster/GI-T2), with moderate-strong positive correlation between PNP-T1 and GIP-T2 (p<0.001), PNP-T1 and PNP-T2 (p<0.001), and GIP-T1 and PNP-T2 (p<0.001).

Conclusions
This study investigated 46 patient-reported toxicities prospectively during adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Anthracycline-taxane combination regimen had higher proportions of toxicity incidence. Subject’s age and number of chemotherapy cycles significantly associated with total number of toxicity symptoms. Two symptom clusters at T1 and three at T2 were identified, with significant correlation between symptom clusters within and between chemotherapy timeframe.
Quality of life of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis: A comparative analysis of the EQ-5D-3L and CLIQ questionnaires
Authors: Galvão Endi Lanza , de Pina Carvalho Janaína , Machado de Assis Tália Santana , Freire Mariana Lourenço , Cota Gláucia , Nascimento Silva Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the performance of the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Impact Questionnaire (CLIQ) using the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D-3L) as a reference standard (criterion validation); to evaluate the responsiveness of the instruments and estimate a cut-off point for the CLIQ to be able to discriminate between high and low impacts of cutaneous leishmaniasis on patients.

Methods
Between 2020 and 2022, a longitudinal validation study was conducted at a reference centre for leishmaniasis in Brazil. The EQ-5D-3L and CLIQ questionnaires were administered before, during and after treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The correlation between the instruments was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, responsiveness was assessed using the Wilcoxon test, and CLIQ cut-off points were proposed based on results of the EQ-5Q-3L, dichotomized between patients reporting no problems’ and ’some or extreme problems’.

Results
There were satisfactory correlation coefficients between the two instruments before (-0.596) and during treatment (-0.551) and a low correlation between the instruments after the end of treatment (-0.389). In general, the responsiveness of the instruments was satisfactory. The CLIC scores that maximized sensitivity and specificity for recognizing impaired health status before and during treatment were 7 points and 17 points, respectively. However, at the end of treatment, based on the results for the EQ-5D-3L, the CLIC was not able to discriminate between individuals with high and low impacts of the disease.

Conclusion
The CLIQ corresponds well with the EQ-5D-3L when applied before and during treatment but does not seem to be appropriate for follow-up evaluations after the end of treatment.