bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Study on a 26-Membered Macrolide, Amphidinolide B: Synthesis of the C1—C13 Fragment
Authors: Ohi Katsuhide , Shima Kyoko , Hamada Kozue , Saito Yoshio , Yamada Naoki , Ohba Shigeru , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The C1—C13 fragment of amphidinolide B (1) was synthesized from D-erythrose (3). The Evans alkylation reaction protocol allowed the introduction of the stereogenic center at the C11 position, which was unambiguously confirmed by a single X-ray crystallographic analysis.
1,2,3-Triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexylcyclotrisilanes: Synthesis and Ring-Opening by Halogens
Authors: Unno Masafumi , Masuda Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Hideyuki 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Reaction of dichlorophenylthexylsilane (thexyl = 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl) with lithium naphthalenide in tetrahydrofuran at −65 °C gave cis,cis- and cis,trans-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexylcyclotrisilane 1 (cis,cis-1 and cis,trans-1) in yields of 19 and 52%, respectively. The structures of both isomers were determined by X-ray crystallography. The ring-opening reaction of each isomer with bromine leads to the formation of 1,3-dibromo-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexyltrisilane (2); cis,cis-1 gave only (1R,3R)/(1S,3S)-1,3-dibromo-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexyltrisilane ((1R,3R)/(1S,3S)-2) (87% yield). While cis,trans-1 formed (1R,2s,3S)- and (1R,2r,3S)-1,3-dibromo-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexyltrisilane ((1R,2s,3S)-2 and (1R,2r,3S)-2, in 13 and 31% yields) as well as (1R,3R)/(1S/3S)-2 (44% yield). The structures of (1R,3R)/(1S,3S)-2 and (1R,2r,3S)-2 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. From the stereochemical results observed in the ring-opening reactions, it is concluded that the cleavage of the Si–Si bonds occurs with retention–inversion of the configuration of the silicon atoms. In the chlorination, cis,cis-1 gave (1R,3R)/(1S,3S)-1,3-dichloro-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexyltrisilane ((1R,3R)/(1S,3S)-3, 40% yield) and (1R,2r,3S)-1,3-dichloro-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexyltrisilane ((1R,2r,3S)-3, 30% yield); cis,trans-1 gave (1R,3R)/(1S,3S)-3 (33% yield), (1R,2r,3S)-3 (14% yield), and (1R,2s,3S)-1,3-dichloro-1,2,3-triphenyl-1,2,3-trithexyltrisilane in 40% yield. The structure of (1R,2r,3S)-3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The result indicates that stereoselectivity was lower in the ring-opening by chlorine than in that by bromine.
Irradiation Effects of Excimer Laser Light on Vinylidene Chloride–Vinyl Chloride (Saran®) Copolymer Film
Authors: Izumi Yoshinobu , Kawanishi Shunichi , Takagi Noriaki , Honda Shigeo , Yamamoto Tadashi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Vinylidene chloride–vinyl chloride copolymer (Saran® copolymer) film was irradiated with ArF and KrF excimer laser light in a vacuum at ambient temperature. The irradiation of ArF and KrF excimer laser light mainly caused the formation of diene and triene structures, respectively. From the dependence on the laser intensity it was concluded that diene and triene were formed via single-photon and multi-photon processes, respectively. The wavelength dependence was explained by photochemical and photothermal effects for the ArF and KrF lasers, respectively.
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
Authors: Otsuka Koji , Terabe Shigeru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A review of the research on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), carried out mainly in our laboratory, is described from the viewpoints of (1) fundamental characteristics of MEKC, such as the separation principle, chromatographic parameters, selectivity and resolution, thermodynamic parameters, retention index, and band broadening; (2) selectivity manipulation, including effects of surfactants, temperature, pH, and various additives; (3) on-line coupling of MEKC with mass spectrometry; (4) applications, such as the separation of closely related compounds and enantiomer separations; and (5) on-line neutral sample concentration techniques.
Structural Genealogy of BEDT-TTF-Based Organic Conductors I. Parallel Molecules: β and β″ Phases
Authors: Mori Takehiko 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A method is proposed to systematize a number of structural modifications of BEDT-TTF (bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene)-based organic conductors and related materials. Analysis of actual crystal structures indicates that most crystal structures are constructed of two essential building blocks: “ring-over-bond” (RB) and “ring-over-atom” (RA) overlap modes. Several different ways to pile up these elements lead to various structures which are conventionally designated as β,β′,β″,θ,α, and α″-phases. In the β- and β″-phases, introduction of “dislocations” along the stacking axis generates a number of modifications. Here dislocations mean interactions of two donor molecules which have larger displacements along the molecular long axis than the standard RB and RA modes. Systematic nomenclature to distinguish these modifications is proposed. Transfer integrals are, however, not very sensitive to the existence of dislocations, so that the Fermi surfaces of these multiple phases are derived from the fundamental structure by folding the first Brillouin zone.
Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Phases of 4-(4-Iodobenzylideneamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl
Authors: Ishida Takayuki , Togashi Kensuke , Imachi Ron , Yamamoto Hajime , Yasui Masanori , Iwasaki Fujiko , Nogami Takashi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Temperature dependences of d.c. magnetic susceptibilities and magnetizations were measured for two different crystallographic phases of 4-(4-iodobenzylideneamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl. Intermolecular ferromagnetic (Weiss temperature θ = +0.71 K) and antiferromagnetic (θ = −0.23 K) interactions were found for α- and β-phases, respectively, in the magnetic measurements above 1.8 K; the former phase showed a bulk ferromagnetic transition at 0.28 K. Based on the X-ray crystallographic data, intermolecular magnetic interactions are discussed. In the α-phase crystal, NO-radical sites form two-dimensional zigzag sheets. The ferromagnetic interaction within the sheet can be interpreted in terms of a β-hydrogen mechanism, ON(↑)–Cα(↓)–Cβ(↑)–Hβ(↓)···(↑)ON&lt;, in which the magnetic interaction is transmitted by β-hydrogens. A dimer structure was found in the β-phase crystal, and direct exchange and/or dipole interactions between N–O radicals seem to be the main origin of the antiferromagnetic interaction.
Transient Membrane Potential in Response to a Bitter Substance in a Membrane Filter Impregnated with Phospholipid and 1-Octanol
Authors: Yata Terumasa , Nomura Kazuo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Transient and steady membrane potentials in response to a bitter substance have been measured in a membrane filter impregnated with phospholipid and 1-octanol. Quinine, which is one of the alkaloids, was used as the bitter substance. The internal and external solutions both contained 0.1 mol dm−3 KCl. A cation exchange liquid membrane was formed in a Teflon filter by impregnating it with a 1-octanol solution of dihexadecyl hydrogenphosphate (DCP). After the injection of the solution of quinine hydrochloride into the external solution, the membrane potential rapidly increased to reach a peak and gradually decreased to relax to a level of another steady potential. The time course curve of membrane potential was resolved in the early portion and the other portion after the peak to obtain the Donnan potential at the interface and the diffusion potential within the membrane at steady state, respectively. In comparison with the case of the response to HCl, even a small amount of aqueous quinine hydrochloride induced a great magnitude of change both in the Donnan potential and in the diffusion potential within the membrane. The amount of quinine transported across the membrane was measured by UV spectrophotometry. From the time dependence of the UV spectrum, we determined the time lag for the membrane diffusion to obtain the diffusion coefficient of quinine in the membrane. According to the theoretical expressions of the Donnan potential at the interface for the charged membrane and the intramembrane diffusion potential derived by solving the Nernst–Planck equations taking into account the Donnan equilibrium at the interface, these two constituents of the total membrane potential were estimated using the diffusion coefficient. By fitting the theoretical curves to the experimental results, large values of the partition coefficient and the equilibrium constant of the complex formation with DCP for monoprotonated quinine ion relative to potassium ion were obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Water-Soluble, All-Inorganic Composition, Keggin-Type Triniobium(V)-Substituted SiW9Nb3O407− Heteropolyoxoanions with Alkali Metal Countercations (Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+)
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Ohsawa Katsunori , Taguchi Takayuki , Kaneko Masahiko , Takayama Toshio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The Keggin-type triniobium(V)-substituted tungstoheteropolyanion, A-β-SiW9Nb3O407−, was synthesized as its hepta alkali-metal salts of Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+countercations. These alkali-metal salts were useful for allowing the crystallization of SiW9Nb3O407−, itself, and/or the SiW9Nb3O407−-supported organometallic complexes, as well as controlling the water solubility of these complexes. The analytically pure compounds, obtained as homogeneous colorless solids via a stoichiometric reaction of the (Bu4N)6H2Si2W18Nb6O77, (Nb–O–Nb)3-bridged anhydride with the corresponding alkali tetrafluoroborates, and then with the alkali hydroxides, were compositionally characterized by complete elemental analyses, TG/DTA and FABMS spectra. They were structurally characterized by FT-IR and solution 183W NMR measurements, as well as solid-state CP/MAS and GHD/MAS 29Si NMR and solution 29Si NMR measurements. The cation-dependent properties of these heteropolytungstates in the solid state were observed in the thermal stabilities, the amounts of hydrated water and adsorbed water, the solubilities in water and in organic solvents, and in the ease of crystallization.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Di-μ-phenoxo-bridged Dinuclear CuIINiII and CuIICoII Complexes and Cyclic Di-μ-phenoxo-μ-amido-bridged Tetranuclear Cu2IIZn2II and Cu4IIComplexes Derived from the 1,2-Bis(2-oxidobenzamidato)benzenecuprate(II) Dianionic Ligand-Complex
Authors: Sunatsuki Yukinari , Matsuo Toshihiro , Nakamura Masaaki , Kai Fumiaki , Matsumoto Naohide , Tuchagues Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Dipotassium N,N′-1,2-phenylenebis(2-carbamoyl-κN-phenolato-κO]cuprate(II)), K2[CuL], reacts with nickel(II), cobalt(II), and zinc(II) acetates, and 2,2′-bipyridine in a 1 : 1 : 2 molar ratio in methanol to yield the hetero-metal dinuclear complexes [CuLNi(bpy)2]·3MeOH (1·3MeOH), [CuLCo(bpy)2]·2DMF (2·2DMF), and [CuLZn(bpy)2]·1.5H2O (3), respectively. Crystal data for 1 : P1 (No. 2) with a = 15.969(2), b = 23.494(3), c = 12.705(2) Å, α = 92.15(1), β = 91.652(10), γ = 101.521(9)°, V = 4663(1) Å3, and Z = 4; 2, P21/c (No. 14) with a = 12.604(3), b = 24.364(5), c = 13.823(2) Å, β = 94.49(1)°, V = 4231(1) Å3, and Z = 4. 1 and 2 have a similar discrete di-μ-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear structure, in which the Cu(II) ion assumes a square-planar geometry with the N2O2 donors atoms consisting of two amido nitrogen and two phenoxo oxygen atoms of the tetradentate ligand, and the Ni(II) or Co(II) ion assumes an octahedral geometry with the two phenoxo oxygens of the tetradentate ligand and four nitrogen atoms from two bpy. The magnetic-susceptibility data were reproduced based on the isotropic spin Hamiltonian H = −2JS1·S2 with J = −118.0 cm−1, (S1, S2) = (1/2, 1) for 1 and J = −11.0 cm−1, (S1, S2) = (1/2, 3/2) for 2, respectively. When 3 was recrystallized from DMF/2-propanol, [CuLZn(bpy)]2·2DMF (3′) was obtained. The 1 : 1 : 1 reaction of K2[CuL′], copper(II) acetate monohydrate, and 2,2′-bipyridine in methanol yielded [CuL′Cu(bpy)]2·2MeOH (4), (H4L′ = 1,2-bis(hydroxybenzamido)ethane). Crystal data for 3′: Pbca (No. 61) with a = 19.143(2), b = 18.195(2), c = 16.832(3) Å, and Z = 4; 4, P21/n (No. 14) with a = 13.407(1), b = 13.172(4), c = 13.764(2) Å, β = 94.11(1)°, V = 2424.4(8) Å3, and Z = 4. 3′ and 4 have a similar cyclic di-μ-phenoxo-μ-amido-bridged tetranuclear structure, which can be described as two di-μ-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear units bridged together by the coordination of one amido oxygen atom from each dinuclear unit to the zinc(II) or copper(II) ion of the other dinuclear unit, with Zn(1)–O(3)* = 2.004(3) and Cu(2)–O(4)* = 1.924(4) Å bond distances, respectively. In the tetranuclear structure, the copper(II) ion coordinated by the tetradentate ligand assumes a square-planar geometry and the zinc(II) or the other copper(II) ion assumes a square-pyramidal coordination geometry with two phenoxo-oxygen atoms, two nitrogen atoms of bpy, and one amido oxygen atom. The magnetic susceptibility of 4 was reproduced by an equation derived from the H = −2J(S1·S2 + S3·S4) − 2J′(S2·S3 + S4·S1) spin Hamiltonian with J = −14.6 cm−1 and J′ = −4.0 cm−1.
Solvatochromism and Structure of Acetylacetonatocopper(II) Complexes with N,N′-Dipropyl-, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrapropyl-, and N,N- and N,N′-Diisopropylethylenediamines
Authors: Miyamae Hiroshi , Kudo Hideyuki , Hihara Goro , Sone Kozo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Seven copper(II) complexes of the general formula [Cu(acac)(diam)]X were prepared, where acac and diam stand for acetylacetonate and one of the diamines in the title, and X− for a bulky univalent anion, respectively. Their solvatochromism was compared with that of the corresponding complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine and related diamines, to see the effect of their bulky N-alkyl groups. X-ray crystal analyses showed that the perchlorates of N,N′- and N,N-diisopropyl complexes are apparently 6- and 5-coordinated, respectively, in their crystals, although their ClO4− ions are held extremely weakly and are easily driven out by solvent molecules in solution, leading to their solvatochromism. The Cu–N and Cu–O(acac) bond distances in the former, 199.5(4)/202.4(5) and 190.6(4)/190.1(4) pm, respectively, are similar to each other, while the Cu–N(isopropyl)2 distance, 206.4(9) pm, in the latter is notably longer than the Cu–NH2 distance, 196(1) pm.
Steric Effects of Axial Methyl Substituents on Axial Coordination of Macrocyclic Nickel(II) and Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Mochizuki Katsura , Ikeuchi Kouki , Kondo Takeshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The nickel(II) complex with L1 (5,5,7-trimethylcyclam: 5,5,7-trimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane), trans-[NiL1(H2O)2]Cl2·H2O, was isolated. An X-ray structural analysis gave strong evidence for the presence of steric interaction between the axial methyl substituent at the 5-position and the water molecule coordinating to the nickel(II) ion. The bimacrocyclic cobalt(III) complex with L3 (6,6′-bi[5R(S),7S(R)-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane], trans-[Co2L3Cl4]Cl2, was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by X-ray crystallography, as well as the monomacrocyclic trans- and cis- dichlorocobalt(III) complexes with L2 (5R(S),7S(R)-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The structure of trans-[Co2L3Cl4]2+ was quite different from that of [Ni2L3]4+. In trans-[Co2L3Cl4]2+, the bridged six-membered chelate rings adopted an approximately twist-boat conformation. The steric interaction between the coordinated chloride anions on the cobalt(III) ion and the methyl substituents introduced at the 5- and 7-positions in the six-membered chelate ring was discussed.
Sulfenato and Sulfinato Complex Formation via Oxidation of OC-6-3′2-Bis{2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]ethanethiolato}cobalt(III) (1+) Complex by Molecular Dioxygen
Authors: Yamanari Kazuaki , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Kushi Yoshihiko , Komorita Takashi , Fuyuhiro Akira 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The first ligand oxidation of sulfur donors of OC-6-3′2-[Co(pyet)2]+ [pyet = 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]ethanethiolate (1−)] by molecular dioxygen is attained in the presence of active charcoal. The oxidation products are characterized as one (thiolato)(sulfinato) complex OC-6-3′2-[Co(pyet)(pyesi)]+ (b; 82%), one (thiolato)(sulfenato) complex OC-6-3′2-[Co(pyet)(pyese)]+ (d; 14%) and a mixture of four bis(sulfenato) complexes OC-6-3′2-[Co(pyese)2]+ (h, i, j, and k; 4%), [pyese = 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]ethanesulfenate (1−); pyesi = 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]ethanesulfinate (1−)]. It is apparent that the route producing the monosulfinato complex is dominant in the dithiolatocobalt(III) complex as well as in the dithionickel(II) complexes. The isolation of OC-6-3′2-[Co(pyet)(pyese)]+, however, is extremely interesting because this complex is the first example of an oxidation product free from an O2.
The Study of π–π Interaction in Layered [3.3]Orthocyclophanes. Charge-Transfer Complexes of [3.3]Orthocyclophanes with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Mataka Shuntaro , Thiemann Thies , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Mimura Keisuke , Mitoma Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Dibenzo[3.3]orthocyclophanes ([3.3]OCPs) with a bicyclo[4.4.1]undecane substructure form charge-transfer (C-T) complexes with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). 3,4 : 8,9-Dibenzobicyclo[4.4.1]undecane (9) and its 11-methylene derivative 8 are flexible molecules and take a chair-boat conformation. Complexes 8- and 9-TCNE exhibit the absorption maximum at ca. 420 nm, which coincides with the value for the TCNE complex of o-xylene. On the other hand, acetal 5, methylcarbinol 6, and dimethylmethylene derivative 7 are rigid, layered [3.3]OCPs with stacked benzene rings. Compounds 5, 6, and 7 form a 1 : 1 complex with TCNE in solution. The absorption maxima of the complexes at ca. 500 nm suggest an enhanced C-T complexation due to a π–π through-space interaction in 5, 6, and 7. A 2 : 1 complex of rigid [3.3]OCP 7 with TCNE crystallized from dichloromethane, while OCP 8 gave a red crystalline 2 : 3 complex with TCNE. X-ray crystallographic analyses of these two complexes is given.
Regioselective Synthesis of Prenylisoflavones. Syntheses of Allolicoisoflavone A, 2,3-Dehydrokievitone, and Related Compounds
Authors: Tsukayama Masao , Li He , Tsurumoto Ken , Nishiuchi Masaki , Kawamura Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 2′,4′,5,7-tetrakis(benzyloxy)-5′-iodoisoflavone (12), synthesized from the 5-iodochalcone 9, with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol gave the corresponding 5′-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butynyl)isoflavone 13. The catalytic hydrogenation of 13 gave 2′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-5′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)isoflavone (2). Dehydration of the benzoate 14 of 2 afforded a mixture of 5′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)isoflavone 15 and the isomer 5′-(3-methyl-3-butenyl)isoflavone 16. The separation of 15 was accomplished by a treatment of the mixture (15 and 16) with mercury(II) nitrate. Hydrolysis of 15 afforded 2′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-5′-prenylisoflavone (allolicoisoflavone A) (1). In a similar manner, 2′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-8-prenylisoflavone (2,3-dehydrokievitone) (3) and 2′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)isoflavone (2,3-dehydrokievitone hydrate) (4) were synthesized from the corresponding 8-iodoisoflavone 22. The tetramethyl ether 5 of 3 was also prepared from the 8-iodotetramethoxyisoflavone 32.
Substitution for Apoprotein of Neocarzinostatin by Self-Aggregate of Cholesterol-Bearing Pullulan
Authors: Taniguchi Ikuo , Fujiwara Masashi , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Sunamoto Junzo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A nanoparticle of cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP) self-aggregates effectively complexed with a neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-chr) in 0.5 M (1 M = 1 mol dm−3) AcONa/AcOH (pH 4.7) at 2 °C in the dark. The complex so obtained was very colloidally stable even after 4 d at 37 °C in a weak acidic medium. The complexed NCS-chr still maintained in vitro cytotoxicity to HeLa, HepG2, and 3′-mRLh-2 cells. In all cases, the cytotoxicity of the complex was higher than that of free NCS-chr itself. When the galactose moiety was additionally conjugated to CHP, the modified complex showed high cytotoxicity to a 3′-mRLh-2 cell. This cytotoxicity of the complex was almost comparable to that of intact NCS, which is ascribed to the galactose specific receptor-mediated endocytosis of the modified complex. This is the first finding to show that the complexed NCS-chr so obtained still maintains the strong cytotoxicity in vitro, and that the self-aggregate of hydrophobized polysaccharide (HPS) can nicely substitute for the apoprotein of NCS.
Facile Synthesis of α-Fluoroalkyl Sulfides under the Oxidative Desulfurization–Fluorination Conditions
Authors: Furuta Satoru , Kuroboshi Manabu , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Upon treatment with n-Bu4NH2F3 and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, various organic sulfides underwent a Pummerer-type rearrangement, followed by fluorination, to give α-fluoro sulfides. The fluoro-Pummerer rearrangement, when applied to RCH(SMe)CF2SMe, gave trifluoro sulfides RCF(SMe)CF2SMe. When an HF-pyridine reagent was used as the fluorinating agent, an oxidative desulfurization–fluorination reaction occurred depending on the structure of the substrates.
Syntheses of Tungsten Diazoalkane Complexes from a Dinitrogen Complex and Diketones. Conversion of Molecular Nitrogen into Pyrazoles via the Diazoalkane Complexes as Intermediates
Authors: Harada Yuji , Mizobe Yasushi , Ishii Youichi , Hidai Masanobu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The hydrazido(2-) complexes [WCl2(NNH2)(L)(PMe2Ph)2] (L = PMe2Ph, CO), derived from the dinitrogen complex cis-[W(N2)2(PMe2Ph)4] (1), reacted with β-diketones R1COCHR2COR3 (R1 = Me, But, Ph; R2 = H, Me; R3 = Me, Et, But, Ph) to afford a series of diazoalkane complexes [WCl2(NN=CR1CHR2COR3)(L)(PMe2Ph)2]. The detailed structure of cis,mer-[WCl2(NN=CMeCH2COPh)(PMe2Ph)3] has been determined by X-ray analyses. These diazoalkane complexes were treated with a KOH/EtOH mixture to produce pyrazoles in moderate yields, whereas the reaction of 1 with a MeCOCH2COPh/KOH/EtOH mixture resulted in the direct formation of 5-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole.
Irradiation Effects of Excimer Laser Light on Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) Film
Authors: Izumi Yoshinobu , Kawanishi Shunichi , Hara Shinji , Yoshikawa Daishi , Yamamoto Tadashi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The irradiation effects of intense ultraviolet (UV) light from ArF and KrF excimer lasers on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) were studied. The optical absorption spectroscopy made it clear that irradiation with ArF and KrF excimer laser light mainly caused the formation of diene and triene structures, respectively. From the dependence on the laser intensity it was found that ArF and KrF laser-induced reactions proceeded via single-photon and multi-photon processes, respectively. The wavelength dependence was explained by photochemical and photothermal effects of ArF and KrF excimer lasers, respectively. These results indicate that the distinction of the photo-reaction between the two is closely related to the difference in the absorption sites.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Ultramicroporous Cesium Hydrogen Salt of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid, Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Yoshinaga Yusuke , Okuhara Toshio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
An ultramicroporous heteropoly compound, Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40, was synthesized by a titration method using aqueous solutions of H3PW12O40 and Cs2CO3. Concentrations of the starting materials and the drop rate of Cs2CO3 solution were determined to synthesize Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40 having nearly uniform micropores and very low external surface area. The Dollimore-Heal method of N2 isotherms showed that Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40 prepared by the controlled conditions has no mesopores. Adsorption of various molecules having different sizes revealed that the micropore size of Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40 was in the range from 0.43 to 0.59 nm and the fraction of the external surface area was less than 3% of the total surface area. A model for the unique ultramicropores has been proposed on the basis of the pore size, pore volume, and the primary crystallite size, in which the ultramicropores are spaces formed between the crystal faces of the mcirocrystallites as the primary particles of Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40.