bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary immunodeficiency diseases and cancer: The immunodeficiency‐cancer registry
Authors: Kersey John H. , Spector Beatrice D. , Good Robert A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData from the newly established Immunodeficiency‐Cancer Registry show 151 tumors in 145 patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes, including: sex‐linked (Bruton's) agammaglobulinemia, 6 patients; severe combined system immunodeficiency, 9 patients; Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome, 24 patients; ataxia‐telangiectasia, 52 patients; common variable (late onset) immunodeficiency, 41 patients; isolated IgA deficiency, 7 patients; and isolated IgM deficiency, 6 patients. The risk of development of malignancy is from 2–10%, indicating that these individuals have a far greater than chance risk of developing malignancies, in spite of their short life‐spans. Tumors are divided into major histologic types: lymphoreticular, 58% of total; leukemias, 17% of total; epithelial. 18% of total; mesenchymal, 3% of total; and nervous system, 4% of total. Data are reported on 14 families in which 12 siblings had the same tumors and identical primary immunodeficiency diseases. The majority of tumors are lymphoreticular or leukemias: these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with primary immunodeficiency syndromes have intrinsic abnormalities of the lymphoid system which result in increased frequency of malignant transformation and inability to eliminate transformed cells. Further reporting of tumors is urged.
Increase of lymphocyte‐mediated tumor‐cell destruction by certain patient sera
Authors: Hellström Ingegerd , Hellström Karl Erik , Warner Glenn A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from one patient with an ovarian carcinoma, one with sarcoma, one with a breast carcinoma, and four patients with melanoma were found to “potentiate” (i.e. increase) the cytotoxic effect of blood lymphocytes reactive to the respective type of tumor target cells. This effect was specific. Furthermore, sera from the breast cancer and sarcoma patients and from one of the melanoma patients “armed” (i.e. made cytotoxic) lymphocytes from non‐reactive donors, not having (had) the respective tumor studied. The possible relevance, in vivo, of these findings, and the frequency with which they occur, need further clarification.
Spontaneous breakdown of immunological tolerance to gross‐virus‐induced cell‐surface antigens in the rat
Authors: Kuzumaki Noboru , Takeichi Noritoshi , Kodama Takao , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWKA/Mk rats injected with undiluted Gross virus at birth demonstrated loss of resistance to transplanted Gross lymphoma (WGT‐4), and also during later life did not contain detectable cytotoxic antibody to Gross virus‐specific cell‐surface antigen. These rats were considered to be immunologically tolerant to the Gross‐virus‐induced cell‐surface antigens, and all of them developed primary Gross lymphoma about 3 months after birth. Some rats injected with diluted virus at birth or undiluted virus at the age of 1 or 2 weeks also continued to be immunologically tolerant to Gross‐virus‐induced cell‐surface antigens for a certain period in proportion to the amount of virus administered, or age at the time of exposure to the virus. Thereafter, this tolerant state was spontaneously broken down and the rats developed transplantation resistance to WGT‐4, and produced cytotoxic antibody to Gross antigens for a considerable period. These rats did not develop Gross lymphoma. These facts suggest that susceptibility to leukemogenesis by the Gross virus in WKA/Mk rats might be ascribed to the immunologically tolerant state to the Gross‐virus‐induced cell‐surface antigens.
Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity responses to tumor‐associated and other antigens in acute leukemia
Authors: Char Devron H. , Lepourhiet Annick , Leventhal Brigid G. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐three patients with ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia), twenty‐five patients with AML (acute myelogenous leukemia), and thirty‐eight healthy persons were tested for cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity with a standard battery of recall antigens and membrane extracts of normal white cells. The leukemic patients were also tested with membrane extracts of autologous and allogeneic blast and remission cells. There was not a significant difference between normals and leukemics in their response to PPD, mumps or SKSD. Positive results were elicited in the leukemia patients by blast cell extracts and not by extracts of remission or normal cells. In both AML and ALL patients, there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of positive responses to autologous (and in ALL, allogeneic) blast extracts in remission and relapse. Serial responses of patients to autologous blast material were usually related to clinical status, being positive in remission and negative when a patient relapsed. There was a slight increase in remission length for patients who had positive responses to autologous material. A small group of ALL patients on an immunotherapy protocol, receiving BCG and allogeneic blast cells, was studied. There was no increase in incidence of positive reactions to the immunizing or other allogeneic blast cells after being on this protocol as compared with the reactions prior to receiving the cells. On different ALL treatment protocols there were different percentages of positive responses to autologous blast material. The pattern of responses seen in leukemia patients to autologous and allogeneic blast cells as compared with their responses to normal cells, remission cells, and other leukemia type cells provides evidence for cell‐mediated immunity to tumor‐associated antigens on human acute leukemia cells.
Detection by immunofluorescence of intracytoplasmic antigens in cell lines derived from human sarcomas
Authors: Moore M. , Witherow P. J. , Price C. H. G. , Clough Sylvia A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFourteen cell lines originating from a variety of tumours of human connective tissue including osteosarcoma (6), fibrosarcoma (3), chondrosarcoma (2), rhabdomyosarcoma (1), Ewing's tumour (1) and chordoma (1) were maintained in tissue culture for variable periods ranging from 2 to 48 weeks. During their term in culture, acetone‐fixed monolayers of cells were serially subjected to indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests using serum from cancer patients and individuals without malignancy, in an attempt to detect intracytoplasmic sarcoma‐associated antigens. Antigen‐positive cells were demonstrated in 10/14 cell lines, although their expression in tissue culture was variable, and cells exhibiting their IF features could not be unequivocally detected in the original tumour specimens. Such cells were present in cultures derived from sarcomas of different type (osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, etc.) indicating the cross‐reactive nature of the antigens associated with them. The overall incidence of antibodies reactive with the cell lines in sarcoma patients in various phases of disease was 13/34 (38%) but antibodies were only occasionally detected in the sera of individuals without malignancy or with histologically unrelated neoplasms. Similar antigen‐positive cells could not be identified in 15 tissue cultures of comparable age in vitro originating from normal adult, carcinoma, or embryonic tissue or in seven long‐established cell lines, thereby implying a degree of specificity for sarcoma‐derived cell lines. The nature of the IF+ cells and of the antigen (s) expressed by them is discussed.
Study by the isotopic antiglobulin technique of a cross‐reacting murine antibody produced by immunization with a syngeneic SV40 tumor
Authors: Burdick James F. , Stemple Dale , Wells Samuel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor line SV‐AL/N, derived from SV40 transformation of an embryonic cell line, was employed to immunize syngeneic mice, and the resultant antisera were investigated with the modified isotopic antiglobulin assay. A single specificity was detected in the antiserum, which reacted strongly with an antigen present on SV40‐transformed lines. However, the antigen was also present on cells derived from the same embryonic line as SV‐AL/N but transformed instead either spontaneously or by polyoma virus. The antigen was present on one non‐transformed syngeneic embryonic line and may have been present in low concentration in a non‐transformed syngeneic fibroblast line; it was not detected in several methylcholanthrene‐induced lines. Antiserum derived from multiple immunizations with irradiated syngeneic fetuses reacted weakly in a similar pattern. The results suggest that the antigen detected is present in the host genome in occult form, and is derepressed by several processes, perhaps including embryogenesis.
Analysis of minimal functions of simian virus 40. I. Oncogenic transformation of Syrian Hamster kidney cells in vitro by photodynamically inactivated SV40
Authors: Seemayer N. H. , Hirai K. , Defendi V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSV40 was photodynamically inactivated in the presence of Toluidine blue 0 by irradiation with white light for different periods of time. Different functions of SV40 were inactivated at different rates. The most sensitive function was the capacity of the virus to replicate followed by the capacity to induce T antigen and cell DNA synthesis. The transformation capacity was the most resistant. No evidence was obtained that the survival of transformation activity after large decrease in infectivity was due to multiplicity reactivation. Syrian hamster kidney cells transformed in vitro by photodynamically inactivated SV40 had the same properties as those transformed by control virus. They showed identical morphology, were T‐antigen positive, contained the same number of SV40 DNA genome equivalents integrated in their DNA and were oncogenic when inoculated into adult hamsters.
A comparison of DNA binding proteins from normal and virus‐transformed mouse cells
Authors: Rubio Victor , Tsai Wen‐Po , Rand Kenneth , Long Cedric 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteins from normal and virally transformed mouse cells, capable of binding to calf thymus DNA, were isolated and compared by DNA cellulose chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In accordance with previous studies (Salas and Green, 1971; Tsai and Green, 1973), two major proteins, P6 and P8, and two minor proteins, P3 and PS, were found in normal fibroblasts. Extracts prepared from log phase 3T6‐MSV (RLV) synthesized increased amounts of P3, P5, and P6, while SV‐3T3 cells grown under identical conditions showed an increased level of P3 protein. Non‐producer 3T3 cells carrying a defective murine sarcoma virus genome grown under conditions of serum deprivation produced normal levels of P5, P6, and P8 proteins whereas these proteins were present in low amounts in 3T3 cells grown in a similar fashion.
Induction of type C virus‐related functions in normal rat embryo fibroblasts by treatment with 5‐iododeoxyuridine
Authors: Verwoerd Daniel W. , Sarma Padman S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSecondary cultures of rat embryo fibroblasts, derived from six different strains of normal laboratory and wild rats, were treated with 5‐iododeoxyuridine in an attempt to establish the presence of endogenous type C viruses in rat cells. All the cell lines tested responded with a transient appearance of RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase (RDP) activity which reached a peak 3 days after the beginning of treatment. However, no viral particles or rat gs‐antigen could be detected at this stage. In the cells derived from two highly inbred strains, a spontaneous second burst of RDP activity was observed after 10–12 days, and on subculturing these cells a 20‐ to 40‐fold increase of enzyme activity could be obtained. During this peak of activity both gs‐antigen and viral particles capable of incorporating labelled uridine were detected. Electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of complete or immature virions in one cell strain. The virus induced was non‐infective for monolayer cultures of 10 different animal species. Attempts to rescue infective virus by complementation with murine leukemia or sarcoma viruses failed. Prolonged cultivation of treated cultures did yield cells with trasformed morphology, but no oncogenicity could be demonstrated for these cells.
Characterization of guinea‐pig embryo cells transformed by Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus
Authors: Rhim Johng S. , Duh Fuw G. , Cho Han Y. , Huebner R. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGuinea‐pig embryo cells were transformed in vitro by the Kirsten strain of mouse sarcoma virus (Ki‐MSV). The transformed cells were found to release infectious virus continuously and produced high titers of group‐specific, complement‐fixing antigen characteristic of the murine leukemia—sarcoma virus complex. Foci of transformed cells were similar in appearance to those obtained with Ki‐MSV in mouse and rat cells. The transformed cells produced RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase and type‐C virus particles with a density of approximately 1.15 g/ml in sucrose gradients by 3H‐uridine labelling. The transformed cells from one line produced tumors when transplanted into newborn guinea‐pigs. A number of focus‐derived clonal lines and “normal cells” derived from infected cells were isolated and characterized. All the focus‐derived lines were found to be MSV producers. The Ki‐MSV grown in guinea‐pig cells replicated efficiently in guineapig and NRK cells but very poorly in mouse cells. A non‐cytopathic type‐C virus‐producing line (clone No. 2) was isolated. A non‐focus‐forming virus grown in guinea‐pig embryo cells (clone No. 2) rescued infectious MSV by direct cocultivation with Ki‐MSK non‐producer NRK cells. The rescued MSV virus was neutralized by Ki‐MSV antiserum and produced foci readily in mouse, rat and guinea‐pig cells.
Differentiation of neuroblastoma cells induced in culture by 6‐thioguanine
Authors: Prasad Kedar N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn addition to cell death, 6‐thioguanine (TG) and 6‐mercaptopurine induced neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cell culture, whereas 2‐aminopurine had no effect on growth or morphology. 6‐TG was much more potent in causing morphological differentiation than any other agents used in this study. It increased the levels of catechol‐o‐methyltransferase and choline acetyltransferase, but had no significant effect on the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. 5‐bromodeoxyuridine increased the levels of all three enzymes. 6‐TG produced cell death with very little neurite formation in human neuroblastoma cell culture.
The humoral antibody response to a primary viral neoplasm (MSV) through its entire course in BALB/c mice
Authors: Lamon E. W. , Klein E. , Andersson B. , Fenyö E. M. , Skurzak H. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/c mice injected with Moloney sarcoma virus developed within 5–12 days tumors at the site of inoculation which usually completely regressed by day 20–25. Maximal tumor size was reached around day 15. Sera from these animals were examined for complement‐dependent cytotoxic activity against Moloney lymphoma cells. The cytotoxic antibody response was biphasic. The first peak was reached at day 10 and extended to day 15 (peak tumor size). Twenty days after virus infection in the early regressor sera, antibody titres fell to normal serum values, followed by a progressive rise which persisted in the long‐term regressors during the entire observation period of 3 to 6 months. Active sera from days 10, 15, 30 and long‐term regressors were pooled separately and fractionated on Sephadex G‐200 into 19S and 7S fractions, and reconcentrated to the original volume. The fractions were then tested for cytotoxic activity. Both 19S and 7S fractions of all pools contained cytotoxic activity. Immunofluorescence analysis of these fractions showed the 7S fractions to be detectable by membrane immunofluorescence but not the 19S. Virus neutralizing activity was found in both 19S and 7S fractions with higher activity in the sera from regressor animals.
Antibody to Epstein‐Barr virus in man in Australia and New Guinea
Authors: Pope J. H. , Walters Marilyn K. , Scott W. , Gunz F. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody to EB virus was assayed in 586 sera from several populations in Australia and New Guinea and from leukaemic and control groups. The prevalence of antibody to EB virus in a normal population in Brisbane increased gradually from about 31% in 1‐ to 5‐year‐olds to about 90% in adults. A similar age distribution occurred in a population from Griffith, N.S.W. In contrast, all 1‐ to 5‐year‐old Aboriginal children from the west coast of Cape York Peninsula and from New Guinea had antibody to EB virus, indicating a high rate of infection in early life. Aborigines from the east coast of Cape York Peninsula had a slightly lower prevalence. The geometric mean (GM) titres of 63 leukaemic cases from Sydney (1:72) and of 60 non‐leukaemic hospital patients (1:80) were not significantly different, but each was significantly higher than that (1:44) of 57 normal controls from Griffith. No association was found between the degree of remission in 29 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia and either the presence of antibody to heat‐labile EB viral complement‐fixing antigen or the titre of antibody to viral capsid antigen, or to crude or soluble EB viral complement‐fixing antigens. The significantly higher GM antibody titres in non‐leukaemic patients and in Aboriginal children with non‐malignant diseases suggest that some pathological process common to a variety of diseases results in moderately increased titres of antbody to EB virus.
Carcinogenicity of nitrosamines and methanesulphonate esters given intraperitoneally, in RF mice
Authors: Clapp N. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle injections of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) were given intraperitoneally to male RF mice at various doses. DEN induced lung adenomas, liver hepatomas and forestomach tumors (squamous‐cell carcinomas and papillomas) at all doses, and Leydig‐cell tumors of the testis at the highest dose given. DMN, while increasing lung tumor incidence, failed to induce liver tumors when given intraperitoneally —in contrast to high incidences obtained by oral administration. The reason for this difference is not obvious at this time. MMS and EMS were not carcinogenic as used in this study. None of these alkylating agents was leukemogenic.
Studies on mouse sarcoma virus. IV. The isoelectric point of the group‐specific antigen
Authors: Chuat J. C. , Bernard C. , Laprevotte I. , Seban C. , Boiron M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt least three classes of species‐specific, group‐specific (gsl) antigen‐bearing molecules were separated by isoelectric focusing of tween‐ether disrupted Moloney strain mouse sarcoma virus (M‐MSV) derived from a permanent producer rat cell line (78 A1). The bulk of gs1 antigen, as measured by complement‐fixation, was associated with a 3H‐uridine‐labelled component characterized by an isoelectric point (ip H) of 5.9 and a sedimentation coefficient of 2.7 Sw, 20 Statistical evaluation showed the ipH value to be remarkably stable. Neither ipH nor content of 3H‐uridine‐label was altered by ribonuclease (RNase), in contrast to an ipH 5.0 component found occasionally. The other gs1 antigen‐bearing molecules were only minor components and included an RNase‐resistant, ipH 5.5 component, frequently observed as a shoulder on the major peak, and an inconstant, poorly labelled component with a more variable ipH value of about 6.6. The significance of these findings is discussed in view of previous reports on the subject and of recent information regarding the structure of murine tumor viruses.
Binding of metabolites of dietary 4‐dimethyl‐aminoazobenzene and 2‐methyl‐4‐dimethylamino‐azobenzene to rat liver DNA and protein of subcellular fractions
Authors: Chauveau Jean , Meunier Michèle , Benoit Annie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe binding of metabolites of two related azo dyes of different carcinogenic potency, the carcinogenic 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) and the weakly carcinogenic 2‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (2‐Me‐DAB), to rat liver DNA and to subcellular fraction protein was studied following chronic oral administration for 1 to 3 weeks. Different techniques for measuring the amount of DAB metabolites bound to protein were first compared, then the whole study was performed with labelled DAB and 2‐Me‐DAB (aniline ring‐14C) of moderate specific activity. DAB metabolites were bound to liver DNA to a higher extent than those of 2‐Me‐DAB. In contrast, the binding of 2‐Me‐DAB metabolites was equal to or higher than that of DAB metabolites to protein. The amount of protein‐bound metabolites was studied on the nucleo‐mito‐chondrial fraction, microsomes, supernatant, nuclei, chromatin, nucleoplasm, nucleolar fraction and nuclear membrane. Following the administration of both dye diets, the supernatant protein bound the highest level of metabolites. The time‐course of binding of DAB metabolites to DNA and protein was different from that of 2‐Me‐DAB metabolites. These results show the possible involvement of carcinogen‐DNA binding in the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
The cellular events associated with regression and progression of murine (moloney) sarcomas
Authors: Russell Stephen W. , Cochrane Charles G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumors were induced in adult and neonatal mice by intramuscular injections of either 104 or 106 cells from a cultured murine (Moloney) sarcoma line. Neoplasms that progressed were induced in neonates by either dose, and in adults only by the larger dose; adult mice receiving 104 cells usually developed tumors that regressed. Light microscopic examinations were performed at 2–3 day intervals throughout the course of tumor development and subsequent regression or progression. Initially all tumors became infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes—mainly neutrophils—and edema was extensive. By the end of the second week post inoculation, this acute inflammatory infiltrate had been replaced in adult mice by one consisting of mononuclear cells; neonatal mice never developed significant numbers of these inflammatory cells in their tumors. Of particular significance, since mononuclear inflammatory cells were associated intimately with tumors during the process of regression, was the disappearance of these cells 12–14 days post inoculation from tumors destined to progress in adult mice. Hyperplastic changes were found in the cortices and medullae of regional lymph nodes draining both progressing and regressing sarcomas. Secondary neoplasms developed commonly, and the distribution of these lesions was related to the ages of mice at the time of inoculation.
RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase associated with a simian lymphoid cell line derived from a Herpesvirus saimiri‐induced lymphoma
Authors: Yang Stringner S. , Ablashi D. , Armstrong G. , Ting R. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis communication describes the spontaneous appearance of a membrane‐bound RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase in a simian lymphoma cell line that was established from a lymphoma tumor mass previously induced by Herpesvirus saimiri in an owl monkey. This membrane‐bound RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase fraction possesses many biochemical properties analogous to those of known primate and murine RNA tumor viruses. Characteristics of this RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase are clearly distinct from those of the DNA polymerase of Herpesvirus saimiri. This particular fraction incorporates tritiated ribonucleosides into RNA in an in vitro system, and it sediments at 1.15–1.16 g/cm3. It is not induced to greater production by halogenated deoxyuridines. The current observations were made at a time when the host cells were no longer producing Herpesvirus saimiri.