bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESG-РИЗИКИ БАНКІВ
Authors: ШУЛЬГА Наталія , ОМЕЛЕНЧУК Володимир 
Published: April 2024

Країни єврозони почали активно запро­ваджувати Європейський зелений курс, що базу­ється на підтримці запропонованих трьох клю­чових опор з погляду компоненти "фінанси": Регламенті про таксономію, Директивах та Регламентах щодо формування нефінансової звітності та додаткових Регламентах пруден­ційного регулювання з боку Європейського банків­ського нагляду (ЄБН). Зазначене обумовило потребу в імплементації ESG (Еnvironment, Social та Governance) міркувань у діяльність вітчизняних банків та їхніх клієнтів з огляду на останні напра­цювання європейської фінансової спільноти, яка невпинно рухається за проголошеним зеленим курсом. Найближчим часом вітчизняні банки, особливо ті, що належать до категорії малих і середніх, можуть стикнутися з труднощами здійснювати оцінку кредитоспроможності пози­чальників з урахуванням їх ESG-факторів, а також сформувати інфраструктуру ризик-менеджменту з орієнтацією на стале фінансування, основною скла­довою якого є "зелене" кредитування. Метою статті є розкриття ESG-ризиків закордонних банків у контексті дотримання ключових опор європейсь­кого зеленого курсу, запропонованих у частині фінансової складової, а також впро­вадження їхніх напрацювань у діяльність вітчиз­няних банків з урахуванням національних особли­востей. У ході дослідження використано сукуп­ність загально відомих методів наукового пізнання: порівняння, аналізу та синтезу, групування, абстра­гування, спостереження тощо. Зазначено зміст запропонованих ключових опор підтримки Європейського зеленого курсу з погляду компоненти "фінанси". Ідентифіковано ESG-фактори та визначено їх вплив на традиційні ризики банків. Розглянуто практику врахування ESG-факторів у процесі управління ризиками окремих європейсь­ких банків. Ідентифіковано труднощі, з якими можуть стикнутися вітчизняні банки за здійс­нення комплексної оцінки ESG-ризиків своїх пози­чальників. Для їхнього подолання обґрунтовано заходи на макрорівні (сформувати механізми страхо­вого, державного та приватного захисту переходу країни до Європейського зеленого курсу); мікро­рівні (визначити ризик-апетит та імплементувати ESG-ризики в операційну діяльність банків; розро­бити інструментарій оцінки ESG-ризиків, проце­дури формування резервів на покриття очікува­них втрат з урахуванням "екологічної" складової позичальників та емітентів цінних паперів; оцінити рівень ESG-ризиків позичаль­ників і здійснити їх кластеризацію; розробити внутрішньо управлін­ську звітність щодо сталого фінансування).
Buber's Ethics
Authors: Seidler Victor Jeleniewski 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores tensions between Judaism and Christianity as ethical traditions and what they can learn from each other if the Jewishness of Jesus is fully recognised. It investigates Judaism as a counter-cultural tradition to Christianity and secularised European modernities, drawing on Buber's Hasidism and his understanding of dialogue, relationship and everyday ethics. The author traces ethics as a practice of truth-telling as well as relating to show how justice is more than an individual virtue; it is a matter of community and the transformation of structural relationships of power, abuse and cruelty. It is through relating equally as ethical humans that we can hope to engage with different worlds.
The Courage to Be an Outsider
Authors: Mendes-Flohr Paul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
By disposition an outsider, Martin Buber had the requisite ‘civil courage’ to speak the truth as he saw it and thus the spiritual stamina to court the scorn of being marked an outsider, or worse. Accordingly, he called upon his fellow Zionists resolutely to reject the prevailing form of European nationalism and its self-righteous, self-centred pursuit of Realpolitik. The failure to eschew what Buber alarmingly called a ‘hypertrophic’ nationalism would perforce vitiate the very cure – the restoration of national dignity and spiritual renewal – that Zionism seeks to offer the ailing Jewish people. By adopting Realpolitik, a people can win the national rights for which it strove and yet fail to regain its spiritual health – because ‘nationalism, turned false, eats at its very marrow’. A nationalism of sacro egoismo – a political ethic that assumes that the pursuit of national self-interest is sacred and thus morally justified – spells not only spiritual evisceration but also political disaster.
Ich-Du
Authors: Collins Carmen , Monteiro Basilio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we will use Martin Buber's ‘I and Thou’ concept to nurture empathy for future generations to come inside the classroom. In a modern world where a class's progress is measured by data and the robotisation of learning, we propose the use of Socratic dialogue as it allows for empathy to flourish, not just for students but for teachers as well. Learning through dialogue allows for everyone, both inside and outside the classroom, to learn how to have more empathy. This type of pedagogy creates a humanised approach to learning through the establishment of relationships. The way a student perceives the world around them, and the people in their life, must be nurtured with empathy for a better world.
Application of Amine Salts of Glycyrrhizinic Acid for Prevention of Grape Rot during Storage Period
Authors: Shatirova M. I. , Asadullayev R. A. , Nagiyeva Sh. F. 
Published: April 2024

Rots of various origins account for a significant part of the losses of grapes both during the growing season and during long-term storage. Along with traditional methods, to prevent damage to grapes during storage, environmentally friendly preparations were tested, the raw materials for which were licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza). The corresponding salts of glycyrrhizic acid were synthesized by the interaction of glycyrrhizic acid with o-phenylenediamine and methyl ester of p-aminobenzoic acid in a medium of dry acetone. The universal grape variety Moldova was chosen as the object of the study, and the storage was carried out in a refrigerator at a temperature of 5°C for 4 months. To prevent the development of pathogenic microflora, granules of sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) were used at the rate of 20 g per 7–8 kg of grapes and in the same dose granules of o-phenylenediamine glycyrrhizic acid and methyl ether of p-aminobenzoic acid, as well as granules of dried crushed licorice root. It was revealed that when using Na2S2O5, to protect against the effects of harmful microflora, there were no losses either from rotting or from tearing the berries from the crest of the bunch, the color and consistency of the berries remained the same as during storage. The effectiveness of the tested drugs with the same method of application was somewhat less: in the variant with licorice root granules, losses amounted to more than half, with o-phenylenediamine glycyrrhizic acid (compound 2) – about half of the product, with methyl ester of p-aminobenzoic acid (compound 3), the yield of standard products was slightly more than 70% of the batch stored.
Siliceous Rocks in the Fertilizer System of Agricultural Crops
Authors: Kulikova A. Kh. 
Published: April 2024

Over the past 25 years, the influence of siliceous rocks (diatomite, zeolite, flask) on soil properties (typical chernozem, leached chernozem), yield and quality of agricultural crops (cereals, potatoes and vegetables, technical) when used both in pure form and together with mineral fertilizers and bird droppings has been studied. The possibility of creating new types of more effective fertilizers based on siliceous rocks by enriching them with elements or compounds (in particular amino acids) that most fully meet the requirements of crops has been studied. Studies have shown that the yield of grain crops when using diatomite as a fertilizer is little inferior to mineral fertilizers. Thus, the increase in grain yield of winter wheat on average over all the years of research reached 0.60–1.30, spring wheat – 0.15–0.67, barley – 0.50–0.93 t/ha. The increase in corn grain yield, depending on the dose of zeolite application, ranged from 0.93 (dose of 500 kg/ha) to 1.36 (dose of 2000 kg/ha) t/ha. Potatoes and vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, table beets), as well as industrial crops (sugar beet, sunflower) are highly responsive to the use of siliceous products as fertilizers. In particular, the yield of sugar beet root crops increased by 6.5 t/ha on average when diatomite was applied at a dose of 3 t/ha, and in some years – up to 8.6 t/ha. The increase in crop yield increased very significantly when combined with nitrogen fertilizers from N30 to N60 – by 11.3 and 12.5 t/ha. The high efficiency of silicon-containing rocks as fertilizers of agricultural crops is due to their complex influence on the fundamental properties of the soil: physical (structural condition, soil density, structure of the arable layer), biological (activity of soil microorganisms), chemical (nutritional regime, environmental safety), as well as on the protective properties of plants.
PROSPECTS FOR OBSERVING BINARY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES WITH THE SPACE RADIOINTERFEROMETER
Authors: Malinovsky A. M. , Mikheeva E. V. 
Published: April 2024

A list of candidates for binary supermassive black holes, compiled from available data on optical band variability and emission spectrum shape, has been analysed. An artificial neural network has been constructed to estimate the radiation fluxes at the frequency 240 GHz. For those candidates of binary supermassive black holes for which the network building procedure proved possible, the criterion of possibility to observe the source at the Millimetron Space Observatory was tested. The result of this study is presented as a table of 17 candidates for binary supermassive black holes. Confirmation (or refutation) of the binarity of these objects by means of observational data commited on a space interferometer with parameters similar to those of the Millimetron Space Observatory will be an important milestone in the development of the theory of galaxy formation.
MODERN ESTIMATES OF THE MASS OF THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Bobylev V. V. , Baykova A. T. 
Published: April 2024

An overview of various methods used to estimate the mass of the Galaxy is given. The results obtained on the basis of the analysis of the galactic rotation curve, on the kinematics of dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, on globular clusters, on the streams of dwarf galaxies, on distant halo stars, on escape velocities, on the dynamics of the Local group of galaxies, as well as results of N-body modeling are included. Estimates of the mass of the Galaxy \(M\) of the form (i) \(M( r)\), i.e. the mass enclosed inside a sphere with a radius of \(r\), (ii) \({{M}_{{200}}}\), where r 0 kpc, and (iii) virial estimates, \({{M}_{{{\text{vir}}}}}\). Such estimates were selected by us based on literary data,a significant part of which was obtained in the Gaia era. According to 20 individual estimates, the average value was found \({{\bar {M}}_{{200}}} = 0.88 \times {{10}^{{12}}} {{M}_{ \odot }}\) with a variance of \(0.24 \times {{10}^{{12}}} {{M}_{ \odot }}\) and a weighted average error of \(0.06 \times {{10}^{{12}}} {{M}_{ \odot }}\). According to 28 individual estimates we obtained \({{\bar {M}}_{{{\text{vir}}}}} = 1.05 \times {{10}^{{12}}} {{M}_{ \odot }}\) with variance \(0.44 \times {{10}^{{12}}} {{M}_{ \odot }}\) and a weighted average error of \(0.09 \times {{10}^{{12}}} {{M}_{ \odot }}\).
PECULIARITIES OF LONG-TERM SPOT ACTIVITY OF SOME LATE SPECTRAL-TYPE STARS
Authors: Kozhevnikova A. V. , Alekseev I. Yu. , Kozhevnikov V. P. 
Published: April 2024

We present an analysis of long-term photometric observations of several dozen chromospherically active stars with solar-type activity (both from our own observations and from data available in the literature). The distribution of cold photospheric spots has been modeled based on a zonal model – several hundred models have been obtained. It has been found that the majority of stars have spots located at middle and moderate latitudes, the maximum spot areas can occupy from 7 to 58% of the star’s surface. It is shown that for some stars we can suspect the drift of spots in latitude, both towards the equator and towards the pole. However, the speed of such a drift is several times lower than that of sunspots. The presence of stellar activity cycles in 15 stars was revealed: cycles last from 3 to 28 years and expressed in changes in the brightness of the system, as well as in changes in the total spottedness of the star. The paper is based on a talk presented at the astrophysical memorial seminar “Novelties in Understanding the Evolution of Binary Stars”, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Professor M.A. Svechnikov.
HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL SPECTRA OF THE DORMANT LBV STAR P Cyg
Authors: Klochkova V. G. , Panchuk V. E. , Tavolzhanskaya N. S. 
Published: April 2024

High resolution optical spectra (R = 60 000) of the dormant LBV star P Cyg were obtained on the BTA telescope in the wavelength range \(\Delta \lambda G7 = 780\) nm. After performing a detailed identification of different types lines (photospheric absorptions, permitted and forbidden emissions, components of lines with profiles of type P Cyg), we studied the variability of their profiles and patterns of radial velocities. The average radial velocity from positions of forbidden emissions ([N II] 5754.64, [Fe II] 5261.62, [Fe II] 7155.14 and [Ni II] 7377.83 Å) is accepted as the system \({{V}_{{{\text{sys}}}}} = - 34 \pm 1.4\) km/s. About a dozen photospheric absorptions of CNO-triad ions and Si III are found, their stable position, \({{V}_{r}}({\text{abs}}) = - 73.8\) km/s, shifted relative to \({{V}_{{{\text{sys}}}}}\) at \( - 40\) km/s, indicates that these absorbtions are formed in the pseudophotosphere region. The high-excitation emissions ([O I] 5577, 6300, 6363 Å, [O III] 4959 and 5007 Å, as well as He II 4686 Å) are absent in the spectra. The radial velocity \({{V}_{r}}({\text{DIBs}}) = - 11.8\) km/s according to the position of numerous DIBs is consistent with the position of the interstellar components of the D-lines Na I and K I forming in the galactic Perseus arm. An excess of color \(E(B - V) = 0.34 \pm {{0.03}^{m}}\) and interstellar absorption \({{A}_{v}}{{ = 1.09}^{m}}\) were determined by measurements of equivalent widths of nine DIBs.
ЧИСЛА ХРОМОСОМ НЕКОТОРЫХ ТАКСОНОВ ASTERACEAE СТАРОГО И НОВОГО СВЕТА
Authors: Krivenko D. A. , Vinogradova Yu. K. 
Published: April 2024

Представлены числа хромосом (2n) и уровень плоидности (nx), в соответствии с предполагаемым основным числом хромосом (x), для 35 видов, подвидов, нотовидов, а также гибридов из 17 родов семейства Asteraceae (Compositae): Aster (1), Amberboa (1), Carduus (1), Centaurea (4), Cirsium (1), Crepis (1), Erigeron (5), Hieracium (1), Hypochaeris (1), Leontopodium (1), Pilosella (1), Scorzoneroides (1), Solidago (9), Sonchus (2), Taraxacum (2), Tragopogon (2), и Tripleurospermum (1). Изучаемые экземпляры – происхождением из Европы (европейская часть России, Франция и Великобритания, включая ее коронные земли), Кавказа (Армения и Россия), Центральной Азии (Таджикистан), Сибири (Иркутская область и Республика Бурятия), Дальнего Востока России (Приморский край) и Северной Америки (США). Впервые число хромосом определено у Centaurea cheiranthifolia subsp. willdenowii (2n = 18 + 0–2B). Неизвестное ранее число хромосом (цитотип) установлено у Solidago × snarskisii (2n = 36). Для других таксонов были подтверждены ранее известные числа хромосом.
MACROPHYTES OF THE LITTORAL ZONE IN LAKES OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF THE ARKHANGELSK REGION
Authors: Moseev D. S. , Parinova T. A. , Volkov A. G. , Bragin A. V. , Sergienko L. A. 
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes distribution of 94 species of aquatic plants in 18 lakes, different in size, origin, trophic status, hydrological and hydrochemical conditions. Macrophytes and their communities were studied in 11 large and small lakes in the Kenozersky National Park, in 2 large lakes in the Onezhskoye Pomorye National Park, and in 5 small lakes in the Pinezhsky State Nature Reserve. The eutrophic lake Porzhenskoye in the Kenozersky National Park stands out with the greatest species number, 52 species. Fewer species of macrophytes were identified in oligotrophic lakes. It is shown that the majority of aquatic plants of the Arkhangelsk Region inhabit narrow range from low to medium total dissolved solids – 54 species. Eurybiont species, occurring in a large range of total dissolved solids from 1 to 1020 mg/l, show a great species diversity – 24 species. Only 11 species tend to grow in karst lakes with elevated level of total dissolved solids from 500 to 1020 mg/l – vascular plants: Ranunculus kauffmannii, Eleocharis acicularis, E. quinqueflora, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Potamogeton obtusifolius, Stuckenia pectinata, Sparganium hyperboreum; mosses: Calliergon cordifolium, Scorpidium scorpioides; algae: Chara aspera, C. subspinosa. The majority of species in the lakes of specially protected natural areas of the Arkhangelsk Region, growing in a narrow water pH range, are neutrophytes – 31 and neutro-alkalophytes – 27. Thirteen protected species of macrophytes were discovered in the flora of lakes in the Arkhangelsk Region – Chara aspera, C. strigosa, C. subspinosa, C. virgata, Fissidens fontanus, Fontinalis dalecarlica, F. hypnoides, Isoëtes echinospora, I. lacustris, Lobelia dortmanna, Nymphaea candida, N. tetragona, Sparganium gramineum.
INFLUENCE OF CRUDE OIL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOTES AND SEEDLINGS OF THE GREEN ALGA <i>ULVA LACTUCA</i> (ULVACEAE) OF THE BARENTS SEA
Authors: Salakhov D. O. , Pugovkin D. V. , Voskoboinikov G. M. 
Published: April 2024

The ability of the zygotes and seedlings of the green alga Ulva lactuca to develop under the influence of crude oil in various concentrations was determined. The oil at a content of 1 mg/l in water does not have a damaging effect on the germination of zygotes and their further development into multicellular seedlings. Juvenile seedlings have a wider tolerance range than zygotes and can develop under oil content in marine water up to 3 mg/l. The real threat of the death of zygotes, which rovide replenishment of ulva algae thickets in the littoral with young thalli, is observed under short-term oil pollution of more than 25 mg/l, or with constant oil pollution of more than 5 mg/l. The oil content in water of 25 mg/l and above stops the development of most seedlings by irreversibe destroying the structure of their cells.
THE EFFECT OF COLD TREATMENT ON THE GERMINATION OF <i>CARDIOCRINUM CORDATUM</i> VAR. <i>GLEHNII</i> (LILIACEAE) SEEDS
Authors: Butuzova О. G. , Kovaleva A. A. , Andronova E V. 
Published: April 2024

The seeds of Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii are characterized by a complex morphophysiological type of dormancy. There are three mechanisms of germination inhibition: two of them are localized in the embryo and one in the surrounding structures of the seed. To overcome these mechanisms, different temperature regimes for seed stratification are required.It was revealed that the mechanism of inhibition of embryo postdevelopment is removed at higher temperatures of 18–20°C for 1.5 months for stored seeds or 2 months for fresh ones. Optimal rates of embryo development were observed at 9–10°C. At the end of postdevelopment, the embryos in different experimental variants could significantly differ in length. However, the degree of heterogeneity of the sample by embryo length did not affect the germination rate and the final percentage of germinated seeds.@The temperature regime during embryo postdevelopment did not affect the subsequent growth of the embryonic root and seed germination, as well as cold stratification at the beginning of the experiment did not stimulate embryo growth.The development of embryo root was possible only after exposure to cold (0–2°C). It was demonstrated that the energy of seed germination and the germination rate significantly depend on the duration of cold stratification, regardless of the moment of exposure to cold. The longer the cold treatment was, the faster the seed germination. At the same time, not only cold stratification on water, but also dry storage of seeds at 0–2°C accelerated their germination.Under natural conditions, seed germination of C. cordatum var. glehnii occurs in 18–19 months after dissemination. In laboratory experiment, freshly harvested seeds of this species could be germinated in 7–8 months, taking into account that approximately 4 months of warm stratification are required for the further development of the embryo, and 3.5–4 months of cold stratification are required to remove the mechanism of germination inhibition.Differences in the duration and period of exposure to cold, however, did not affect the final percentage of germinated seeds. In almost all variants, the final percentage of germination was high (from 86 to 100%).The results of the experiment indicate that the process of seed germination of C. cordatum var. glehnii is realized in nature under the effect of different durations of temperature influences, which ensures the plasticity in the reproduction of this species in natural conditions.
Induction of the Antioxidant Activity by Selenium Compounds in the <i>Aspergillus niger</i> Mycelium
Authors: Poluboyarinov P. A. , Kuznetsova A. V. , Moiseeva I. Ya. , Mikulyak N. I. , Kaplun A. P. 
Published: April 2024

Investigation of the antioxidant activity (AOA) induction by selenium compounds (Na2SeO3, diacetophenonyl selenide (DAPS-25), L-selenocystine) in various organisms is interesting as a protection from stress induced cell membranes damages. A comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity of 23 amino acids was performed by coulometric titration with electrogenerated bromine and iodine. The activity decreases in the order: cystine tryptophan selenocystine tyrosine 3,3'-dimethyl-L-selenocystine methionine. Only amino acids with sulfhydryl and selenol groups as more active reductants can interact with the electrogenerated iodine: cysteine selenocysteine threo-3-methyl-L-selenocysteine. Probably the correction of the antioxidant status at the amino acids level is based on the sulfhydryl and selenol groups in radicals. In case they are not enough, cystine, selenocystin, tryptophan, tyrosine, and methionine will act as scavenger-reductants. It was found that selenium compounds dose-dependently induce the total antioxidant activity of the A. niger mycelium and affect indicators of the antioxidant status (amino acid composition and catalase activity), which in turn stimulates the biomass accumulation. DAPS-25 and sodium selenite treatment at the high doses (0.025 mg Se/L) caused the greatest effect on the total AOA induction (3.4–5.5 times). Lower concentrations (0.0025–0.00025 mg Se/L) had a lesser effect (25.8–41.7%). Activity in samples with L-selenocystin increased by 1.6–43.3%. It is noted that the iodine antioxidant activity in the mycelium was generally lower than the bromine one.
Synthesis of Liposomes Conjugated with CpG Oligonucleotide and Loaded with a Set of T-Cell Epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Tretiakova D. S. , Azhikina T. L. , Boldyrev I. A. , Svirshchevskaya E. V. , Vodovozova E. L. 
Published: April 2024

The synthesis of lipid conjugate of immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotide CpG-ODN (PD-CpG-DOPE) is described. Liposomes loaded with a composition of T-cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (7 peptides) and carrying PD-CpG-DOPE conjugate in the membrane, including lyophilized liposomes suitable for long-term storage, were prepared. In vitro experiments on mouse peritoneal exudate cells showed a tendency to increase the immunogenicity of liposomes with peptides when PD-CpG-DOPE conjugate was introduced into the lipid bilayer, compared with the addition of the (commercial) phosphorothioate derivative of CpG-ODN in solution.