bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ETS‐family genes in pancreatic development
Authors: Kobberup Sune , Nyeng Pia , Juhl Kirstine , Hutton John , Jensen Jan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractETS‐family factors play major roles in development and cancer, notably as critical targets for extra‐cellular signaling pathways, including MAPK‐signaling. Given the presently limited knowledge on the role of ETS‐factors in pancreatic development, we here sought to characterize all 26 individual members of the ETS‐family in relation to pancreatic development using a combination of genomics, RT‐PCR, and histological techniques. This analysis uncovers 22 ETS family genes displaying select spatial and temporal expression patterns in the developing pancreas. Highly specific expression of ETS‐family components is observed in pancreatic progenitor cells or the associated embryonic mesenchyme. Other members are linked to the differentiation of more mature pancreatic cells, including exocrine and endocrine cell types. We find that two members of the Etv subfamily, Etv4 and Etv5, are expressed in cells proximal to pancreatic mesenchyme, and, furthermore, induced in FGF10‐arrested pancreatic progenitors suggesting that these factors mediate mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial signaling. Developmental Dynamics 236:3100–3110, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Focal gene misexpression in zebrafish embryos induced by local heat shock using a modified soldering iron
Authors: Hardy Melissa E. , Ross Louis V. , Chien Chi‐Bin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMisexpression of genes in a temporally and spatially controlled fashion is an important tool for assessing gene function during development. Because few tissue‐specific promoters have been identified in zebrafish, inducible systems such as the Cre/LoxP and Tet repressor systems are of limited utility. Here we describe a new method of misexpression: local heat shock using a modified soldering iron. Zebrafish carrying transgenes under the control of a heat shock promoter (hsp70) are focally heated with the soldering iron to induce gene expression in a small area of the embryo. We have validated this method in three stable transgenic lines and at three developmental timepoints. Local heat shock is a fast, easy, and inexpensive method for gene misexpression. Developmental Dynamics 236:3071–3076, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Spectroscopic, Electrochemical and Structural Characterization of a Family of Ru Complexes Containing the C2‐Symmetric Didentate Chiral 1,3‐Oxazoline Ligand and Their Catalytic Activity
Authors: Sala Xavier , Santana Naiara , Serrano Isabel , Plantalech Elena , Romero Isabel , Rodríguez Montserrat , Llobet Antoni , Jansat Susanna , Gómez Montserrat , Fontrodona Xavier 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical characterization and a preliminary catalytic investigation of a family of RuII complexes with general formula [Ru(Y)(terpy)(phbox‐R)]n+ [where terpy is 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine, phbox‐R is a C2‐symmetric bidentate oxazoline ligand (R = Et or iPr), and Y is a monodentate ligand], are discussed. The X‐ray structure of [RuCl(terpy)(phbox‐iPr)]2+ has been solved and confirms, as we described recently, the predicted generation of the less hindered atropisomer, which is determined by the conformation of the stereogenic centers in the bidentate ligand. The catalytic properties of the aquo complexes have been tested in epoxidation reactions, and moderate selectivity for the epoxides is obtained for styrene and trans‐stilbene when using PhI(OAc)2 as co‐oxidant. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Turbostratic Boron Nitride Coated on High‐Surface Area Metal Oxide Templates
Authors: Klitgaard Søren K. , Egeblad Kresten , Brorson Michael , Herbst Konrad , Christensen Claus H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBoron nitride coatings on high‐surface area MgAl2O4 and Al2O3 have been synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and by X‐ray powder diffraction. The metal oxide templates were coated with boron nitride using a simple nitridation in a flow of ammonia starting from ammonium borate adsorbed on MgAl2O4 or γ‐Al2O3. This procedure resulted in the formation of a turbostraticboron nitride film with a thickness of a few individual BN layers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Double Group Transfer Reactions as Indicators of Aromatic Stabilization
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Cossío Fernando P. , Sierra Miguel A. , Fernández Israel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe main features of double hydrogen atom transfer reactions insyn‐sesquinorbornanes, which involve the concomitant formation of an aromatic ring, have been studied computationally within the framework of Density Functional Theory. The very good linear correlations, which exhibit high correlation coefficients between the recently available Aromatic Stabilization Energies (ASE) from the Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) method and the activation and reaction energies, as well as geometric features (C–C bond lengths) of the corresponding transition states of the transformations, suggest that the calculated values are useful in estimating the aromatic character of a molecule. The studied process may be used for benchmarking of energetic aromatic indices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
In vivo resorption of a biodegradable polyurethane foam, based on 1,4‐butanediisocyanate: A three‐year subcutaneous implantation study
Authors: van Minnen B. , van Leeuwen M.B.M. , Kors G. , Zuidema J. , van Kooten T.G. , Bos R.R.M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDegradable polyurethanes (PUs), based on aliphatic diisocyanates, can be very useful in tissue regeneration applications. Their long‐term in vivo degradation has not been extensively investigated. In this study a biodegradable PU with copolyester soft segments of DL‐lactide/ϵ‐caprolactone and hard segments synthesized from 1,4‐butanediisocyanate was evaluated with regard to tissue response during degradation and, ultimately, the resorption of the material. Highly porous PU foam discs were subcutaneously implanted in rats and rabbits for intervals up to 3 years. A copolymer foam of DL‐lactide and ϵ‐caprolactone served as a control. The foams, the surrounding tissues and the draining lymph nodes were evaluated with light and electron microscopy. In the first stages of degradation the number of macrophages and giant cells increased. As the resorption stage set in their numbers gradually decreased. Electron microscopy showed macrophages containing pieces of PU. The size of the intracellular PU particles diminished and cells containing these remnants gradually disappeared after periods from 1 to 3 years. After 3 years an occasional, isolated macrophage with biomaterial remnants could be traced in both PU and copolymer explants. Single macrophages with biomaterial remnants were observed in the lymph nodes between 39 weeks and 1.5 years following implantation. It is concluded that the PU foam is biocompatible during degradation. After 3 years PU samples had been resorbed almost completely. These results indicate that the PU foam can be safely used as a biodegradable implant. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Improvement of survival of skin flaps by combined gene transfer of hepatocyte growth factor and prostacyclin synthase
Authors: Nakagawa Aya , Makino Hirofumi , Aoki Motokuni , Miyake Takashi , Shiraya Suguru , Nakamura Toshikazu , Ogihara Toshio , Kimata Yoshihiro , Morishita Ryuichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing the local blood flow is a critical factor for long‐term survival of skin flaps. Thus, a molecular therapy to increase the blood flow by means of an angiogenic factor is considered to be a useful strategy to improve skin flap survival. We focused on a combined strategy to stimulate not only angiogenesis, but also vasodilation of local microvessels, using co‐transfection of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) genes to enhance the survival of random‐pattern skin flaps.Methods and resultsA 2 × 8 cm full thickness cranial pedicled random‐pattern flap was made on the back of each 12‐week‐old male rat. At 3 days before operation, 400 µg of human HGF and PGIS naked plasmid DNA or control plasmid was transfected into the flaps by needle‐less injection using a Shima Jet, resulting in successful expression of human HGF and PGIS in the skin flaps. Transfection of both genes into the distal half of skin flaps at 3 days prior to operation significantly increased the survival rate of skin flaps, while transfection all over the flaps did not. In addition, transfection prior to operation was more effective than simultaneous treatment. Moreover, co‐transfection of these genes improved the survival area of skin flaps, accompanied by an increase in blood flow of skin flaps, even in a diabetic model.ConclusionsOverall, these results indicate that combination treatment with HGF and PGIS genes by Shima Jet could be an effective strategy to improve skin flap survival. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting malignant gliomas with a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐selective oncolytic adenovirus
Authors: Horst Maarten ter , Brouwer Eric , Verwijnen Suzanne , Rodijk Mark , de Jong Marion , Hoeben Rob , de Leeuw Bertie , Smitt Peter Sillevis 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein abundantly expressed in malignant gliomas. We have constructed a novel oncolytic adenovirus, Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1, for treatment of these tumors. In this construct, the E1 region is under control of the tissue‐specific GFAP promoter (gfa2) with three additional copies of the glial specific ‘B’ enhancer. Infection of a GFAP‐positive cell line with Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1 resulted in E1A and E1B expression at 75% and 30% of the levels obtained after wtAd5 infection. Q‐PCR showed that Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1 replicated 4.5 times more efficiently in the GFAP‐positive than in the GFAP‐negative cell lines. Cell viability assays showed efficient elimination of GFAP‐positive cells by Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1, in some cell lines as efficiently as wtAd5, while the elimination was attenuated in GFAP‐negative cell lines. When tested in human tumor xenografts in nude mice, Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1 effectively suppressed the growth of GFAP‐positive SNB‐19 glial tumors but not of GFAP‐negative A549 lung tumors. In Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1, the E3 region was deleted to create space for future insertion of heterologous therapeutic genes. Experiments with dl7001, an E3‐deleted variant of wtAd5, confirmed that the specificity of Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1 replication was based on the promoter driving E1 and not on the E3 deletion. Strategies to further improve the efficacy of Ad5‐gfa2(B)3‐E1 for the treatment of malignant gliomas include the insertion of therapeutic genes in E3 or retargeting to receptors that are more abundantly expressed on primary glioma cells than CAR. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of temperature and water availability during late maturation of the soybean seed on germ and cotyledon isoflavone content and composition
Authors: Rasolohery Claudine A , Berger Monique , Lygin Anatoliy V , Lozovaya Vera V , Nelson Randall L , Daydé Jean 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Isoflavone content in soybean seeds is strongly influenced by both environment and genotype. However, little is known about the effect of environment and genotype on isoflavones in germ versus cotyledons. To determine the effect of temperature and soil moisture status during soybean seed development on seed isoflavone concentration and composition, a set of two French and three US cultivars of similar maturity were grown in the greenhouse. At the R6 growth stage, plants were subjected to one of three night/day temperature regimes (13/23°, 18/28° or 23/33 °C) in either optimal or sub‐optimal soil water conditions.RESULTS:In cotyledons, a three‐ to six‐fold variation in total isoflavone content was observed between the high and low temperature treatments, whereas the germ contents had less than a two‐fold variation. Soil water supply had less effect than temperature on the isoflavone contents and compositions. In both seed parts, the isoflavone concentrations were highly dependent on the cultivar.CONCLUSION:These results show that isoflavone content and composition in cotyledon and germ are unrelated and it should be possible to independently manipulate these seed traits through plant breeding and crop management systems. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Encapsulation of Inorganic Particles with Nanostructured Cellulose
Authors: Nelson Kimberly , Deng Yulin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInorganic‐cellulose core‐shell and hollow cellulose nanoparticles were prepared by self‐encapsulation with regenerated cellulose in a poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel layer surrounding inorganic particle templates in N‐methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) (4‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide) monohydrate solution. The hydrogel layer surrounding the inorganic particle surface plays a decisive role in the core‐shell formation. The core‐shell nanostructures were characterized using TEM, SEM, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The cellulose shell was found to be composed of cellulose spheres or nodules with dimensions of approximately 30 nm. Individual, regenerated cellulose nanoparticles were also synthesized by addition of nonsolvent under agitation to dilute solutions of cellulose dissolved in NMMO. The effects of the rate of addition of water (the nonsolvent) on the nanostructure, morphology and crystallinity of the regenerated cellulose nanoparticles were studied. The results indicate that the faster the water‐addition rate, the smaller the cellulose nanoparticles formed.magnified image
Chain Walking Ethylene Copolymerization with an ATRP Inimer for One‐Pot Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyethylenes Tethered with ATRP Initiating Sites
Authors: Zhang Kejian , Wang Jianli , Subramanian Ramesh , Ye Zhibin , Lu Jianmei , Yu Qiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyethylenes tethered with ATRP initiating sites by chain walking ethylene copolymerization with an acrylate‐type ATRP inimer, 2‐(2‐bromoisobutyryloxy) ethyl acrylate (BIEA) is reported. Because of its ability to incorporate acrylate‐type comonomers and tolerance toward the α‐bromoester group, the chain walking Pd‐diimine catalyst, [(ArNC(Me)(Me)CNAr)Pd(CH3)(NCMe)]SbF6 (Ar = 2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3), allowed the successful synthesis of a series of hyperbranched copolymers tethered with 2‐bromoisobutyryl groups at different densities. These copolymers may serve as polyfunctional macroinitiators for the ATRP of functional monomers to further synthesize core‐shell structured functionalized copolymers with a hyperbranched polyethylene core grafted with side chains of the functional monomers.magnified image
Synergistic effects of expandable graphite with magnesium hydroxide on the flame retardancy and thermal properties of polypropylene
Authors: Chen Xiaolang , Wu Hong , Luo Zhu , Yang Bo , Guo Shaoyun , Yu Jie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study, the flammability characterization and synergistic effects of different particle size of expandable graphite (EG) with modified magnesium hydroxide (MH) in flame‐retardant polypropylene (PP) composites were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the particle size of EG had a great effect on the flammability of the PP/MH/EG composites. The EG2 with smaller particle size could apparently increase the LOI value and improved the UL‐94 flammability properties rating of the PP composites. The data obtained from the TGA and FTIR curves indicated that the thermo‐oxidative stability of PP/MH/EG composites increased with decreasing particle size of EG. And the smaller the particle size of EG, the higher the residues of the composite. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1756–1760, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flexural and tensile moduli of polypropylene nanocomposites and comparison of experimental data to Halpin‐Tsai and Tandon‐Weng models
Authors: Kalaitzidou Kyriaki , Fukushima Hiroyuki , Miyagawa Hiroaki , Drzal Lawrence T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis research focuses on the reinforcing efficiency of nanomateterials and the role of the reinforcement's dispersion and orientation on the nanocomposite's flexural and tensile moduli. Polypropylene‐based composites reinforced with (i) exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, xGnP™, (ii) vapor grown carbon fibers, (iii) PAN‐based carbon fibers, (iv) highly structured carbon black and (v) montmorillonite clay were fabricated by extrusion and injection molding. It was found that graphite platelets are the best reinforcement in terms of flexural modulus whereas PAN‐based carbon fibers cause the largest improvement in the tensile modulus. The difference in the reinforcing efficiency during the flexural and tensile testing is attributed to (i) the degree of fiber alignment along the flow direction during injection molding, which is higher in the thinner tensile specimens than in the flex specimens; and (ii) the different deformation modes of the two tests. The importance of good dispersion of the reinforcements within the polymer matrix and of perfect contact between the two phases is emphasized comparing the experimental modulus data to theoretical predictions made using the Halpin‐Tsai and the Tandon‐Weng models. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1796–1803, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite fibers with new organomica via in situ intercalation
Authors: Jung Min‐Hye , Chang Jin‐Hae , Kim Jeong‐Cheol 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites with a newly synthesized organomica (C16BIMD‐Mica) were obtained by using the in situ interlayer polycondensation of ethylene glycol with dimethylterephthalic acid. The PET hybrids were melt‐spun to produce monofilaments with various organoclay contents and draw ratios. The thermomechanical properties and morphologies of the PET hybrid fibers were determined using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and a universal tensile machine. The XRD analyses and TEM micrographs showed that the levels of exfoliation and intercalation could be controlled by varying the clay content. The thermomechanical properties of the PET hybrid fibers were found to be better than those of pure PET fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1820–1826, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
The effect of nanoclays on the nucleation, crystallization, and melting mechanisms of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Medellín‐Rodríguez F.J. , Mata‐Padilla J.M. , Hsiao B.S. , Waldo‐Mendoza M.A. , Ramírez‐Vargas E. , Sánchez‐Valdes S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe influence of organomodified nanoclay (montmorillonite) on the crystallization and melting mechanisms of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied. Films of both neat polymer and clay nanocomposites were prepared after molecular weight optimization through melt extrusion. Products exhibited the tactoidlike morphology since no compatibilizers were used. The effect of introduction of nanoclay within the polymer was studied through isothermal crystallization and linear heating. The results indicated that low nanoclay concentrations induce the formation of the β‐crystalline structure, its formation being inhibited with high nanoclay contents. Dynamic nonisothermal bulk crystallization experiments indicated that nanoclays act as nucleating agents of iPP. Isothermal, bulk crystallization studies indicated that the crystallization process (induction time and crystallization kinetics) is proportionally accelerated by the nanoclay presence. There was also an accelerated formation of secondary crystallization when nanoclays were present in high concentrations. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1889–1897, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of propylene‐ethylene block copolymer/polyalphaolefins blends
Authors: Ha H.S. , Kang M.C. , Cho H.H. , Kim B.K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties of propylene–ethylene block copolymer (PPB) blends with predominantly atactic molecular structure of low molecular weight polypropylene and propylene copolymers with either ethylene or 1‐butene (APAO) have been studied. It has been found that blend properties depend on comonomer type, content, and molecular weight of APAO as well as blend composition. APAO having ethylene comonomer showed better miscibility with PPB than the other ones, and high comonomer content of APAOs gave dramatic increase in impact strength over 30 wt%. It has been concluded that APAO can be used as an effective modifier of PPB. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1905–1911, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Excitonic transition energies in single‐walled carbon nanotubes: Dependence on environmental dielectric constant
Authors: Ohno Yutaka , Iwasaki Shinya , Murakami Yoichi , Kishimoto Shigeru , Maruyama Shigeo , Mizutani Takashi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe dependence of optical transition energies in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on environmental dielectric constant (εenv) have been investigated in the range of εenv from 1.0 to 37, by immersing SWNTs bridged overtrenches in various organic solvents by means of photoluminescence (PL) and the excitation spectroscopies. With increasing εenv, both E11 and E22 exhibited a redshift by several tens meV and a tendency to saturate at a εenv ∼ 5 without an indication of significant (n,m) dependence. The redshifts can be explained by dielectric screening of the repulsive electron–electron interaction. We have also investigated the time‐resolved PL in air and in solvent, respectively, utilizing the excitation intensity correlation technique. When the sample was immersed in solvent, the correlation signal collapsed, and the decay time decrease as compared to in air. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic state of carbon in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites
Authors: Okotrub A. V. , Bulusheva L. G. , Guselnikov A. V. , Kolesov B. A. , Dikov Yu. P. , Molodtsov S. L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectronic state of carbon occurred in the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites has been probed using X‐ray emission (XES), X‐ray absorption (XAS), and X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The XES and XAS spectra of seven meteorites Orgueil, Mighei, Murchison, Murray, Staroe Boriskino, Isna, and Kainsaz were compared to the graphite and detonation nanodiamonds spectra. The carbon in the meteorites was found to be presented by the graphite‐like component mainly, which ratio to the diamond‐like component decreases with the meteorite age. The strong charging effect was found in the XPS C 1s‐spectra of the youngest meteorites Kainsaz and Isna that can be due to encapsulation of nanocarbon granules within the dielectric silicate matrix. The presence of the letter species in the chondrites was supported by Raman spectroscopy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)