bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum otto machine in Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model with magnetic field and a symmetric cross interaction
Authors: Abd-Rabbou M. Y. , Khalil E. M. , Al-Awfi Saud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the quantum heat correlations associated with the quantum Otto machine, considering the discrete sides of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model as the working medium in the presence of a magnetic field and a symmetric cross interaction. The eigenenergy and occupation probabilities of two-sided and three-sided spin interactions are determined at thermal equilibrium. The results reveal symmetrical heat correlations around the coupling of the symmetric cross interaction, regardless of whether the working medium adopts anisotropic XY, Ising model, or mixed ferromagnetism. The work done by two or three sides of the mixed ferromagnetic working substance exhibits symmetry but with different maximum bounds. Furthermore, the efficiency of the two-sided mixed ferromagnetism model improves as the exchange parameter increases, while the maximum efficiency of the anisotropic XY model is lower compared to the efficiency of the Ising model and mixed ferromagnetism. It is also highlighted that a quantum heat engine or refrigerator can be generated by controlling the system’s anisotropy parameter using a three-sided spin interaction.
Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs
Authors: Primka Edward J. , Chen Shujun , Wan Lingyun , Du Daolin , Zhang Hailin , Will Rodney , Zou Chris B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Woody plant encroachment poses a significant threat to grasslands globally, and in the southcentral USA, juniper (Juniperus virginiana) is rapidly taking over large areas of grasslands. Despite ongoing research, the reasons behind the rapid encroachment of juniper species in Oklahoma remain elusive. We hypothesized that the interaction between juniper canopy, aeolian, and wet-deposition processes lead to a modification in trace-element inputs through stemflow and throughfall. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in determining the success of juniper encroachment.

Methods
We measured the influx of trace-elements in stemflow and throughfall beneath juniper canopies of different sizes, contrasting the results with those obtained under ambient precipitation.

Results
Our research unveiled a significant influence of the juniper canopy on trace-element inputs via stemflow and throughfall. Specifically, there was a significant increase in manganese, boron, and chlorine inputs, coupled with a decrease in copper inputs. Additionally, there was an increase in most cations and sulfate.

Results
Our results indicate that juniper encroachment alters the profile of trace-element, cation, and anion inputs beneath their canopies. Increased levels of manganese and reduction of copper inputs into the ecosystem may enhance the juniper growth, creating a positive feedback mechanism that could contribute to the success of juniper and other woody encroachers.
Is there gender bias in awarding cum laude for the PhD thesis?
Authors: van den Besselaar Peter , Mom Charlie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the Dutch academic system, PhD theses can be awarded with cum laude and at most 5% of all PhD graduates receive this selective distinction for their thesis. In this paper, we investigate whether there is gender bias in awarding cum laude, using data from one of the major Dutch research universities. We measure the quality of the PhD theses using bibliometric data. A main result is that the set of PhD theses receiving cum laude on average do not have a higher quality than the best theses not getting cum laude. A second main result is that, after controlling for the quality of the PhD theses, women still have a substantially lower probability to receive cum laude. These results strongly suggest that the distribution of awards suffers from gender bias, and the study creates a strong doubt about the adequacy of the procedures leading to cum laude for the PhD thesis.
The Language Issue in Law. A Recollection of Rodolfo Sacco Contribution to Interpretation
Authors: Ferreri Silvia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA certain parallelism between the study of language and comparison in law is detected. Sacco often referred to studies in linguistics. Some references are more obvious while the quotation of Stalin's considerations in the area of language may be more unexpected. The development and adaptation of legal rules to society's evolution are compared with the changes occurring in language: often unpredictable and difficult to govern, indicating some independence of certain cultural expressions from political or economic directives.
Proving Domestic Violence as Gender Structural Discrimination before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Sękowska-Kozłowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince Opuz v. Turkey (2009), the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) delivered over a dozen judgments in which it examined domestic violence through the prism of gender-based discrimination. Apart from the individual circumstances of the cases, the Court considered the general approach to domestic violence in the defendant states, searching for a large-scale structural gender bias. Hence, although the Court has not directly referred to the notion of “structural discrimination” in relation to domestic violence, it engaged in unveiling this problem within the state parties. Building on the case law of the Court, the article presents and systemizes information that may prove structural gender discrimination in domestic violence cases. It navigates potential applicants through the Court’s interpretation and indicates arguments and sources that may support their claims. In particular, it discusses what kind of data and information may demonstrate the general, discriminatory attitude of the authorities towards domestic violence and what sources the applicants may use while seeking the evidence.
Alternative hosts of Leishmania infantum: a neglected parasite in Europe
Authors: Tsakmakidis Ioannis , Lefkaditis Menelaos , Zaralis Konstantinos , Arsenos Georgios 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMulti-host pathogens that infect various animal species and humans are considered of great importance for public and animal health. Leishmania spp. parasites are a characteristic example of such pathogens. Although leishmaniosis in humans is endemic for about 100 countries around the world it is classified as a neglected tropical disease. There are three main forms of leishmaniosis in humans: cutaneous (CL), visceral (VL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniosis (MCL). Each year, about 30,000 new cases of VL and more than 1 million new cases of CL are recorded. In Europe L. infantum is the dominant species with dogs being reservoir hosts. Apart from dogs, infection has been recorded in various animals, which suggests that other species could play a role in the maintenance of the parasite in nature. Herein we provide an in-depth review of the literature with respect to studies that deal with Leishmania infantum infections in domestic and wild animal species in Europe. Given the fact that domesticated and wild animals could contribute to the incidences of leishmaniosis in humans, the aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review which could potentially be used for the development of measures when it comes to the control of the Leishmania infantum parasite.
The impact of interpersonal perceptions on the process of dealing with errors while providing and processing peer-feedback on writing
Authors: Aben Jochem E. J. , Lara Mayra Mascareño , Timmermans Anneke C. , Dingyloudi Filitsa , Strijbos Jan-Willem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBecause of the improvement-oriented nature of peer-feedback activities, students have to deal with errors (e.g., spelling and argumentation errors) when providing and processing peer-feedback on writing assignments. Despite the central role of errors in feedback activities, it is uncertain how students deal with errors and whether the dealing with errors is affected by interpersonal perceptions. Therefore, this study explores (1) whether cognitive sub-phases are distinguishable during the process of dealing with errors and (2) the extent to which dealing with errors is affected by interpersonal perceptions. Six dyads of Dutch 11th grade students provided and processed peer-feedback on argumentative texts while thinking-aloud, and they reflected on the processes in a post-interview. The think-aloud utterances and interviews were analyzed with a mixed-methods design, using quantitative content analyses, and qualitative thematic analyses. The dealing with errors during peer-feedback provision displayed two patterns: error identification either occurred simultaneously with the decoding and often any evaluation-related thoughts lacked, or error-identification occurred as a result of an interpreting/evaluating phase. Also during peer-feedback processing, two main patterns were observable: students either knew immediately whether they agreed with feedback, or they first had to study the feedback more thoroughly. Additionally, interpersonal perceptions seemed to affect most students implicitly during feedback provision, and most students explicitly during feedback processing. As such, this study provides empirical evidence for the existence of cognitive sub-phases in the process of dealing with errors during peer-feedback activities, and portrays how these activities may be affected by interpersonal perceptions.
Fostering noticing of classroom discussion features through analysis of contrasting cases
Authors: Blair Kristen P. , Banes Leslie C. , Martin Lee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProductive classroom discussion has been shown to support student learning across academic domains. Facilitating successful discussion hinges on the teacher’s ability to make adept in-the-moment observations of various aspects of student talk and classroom dynamics. In two studies, we explore a pedagogical intervention using contrasting cases to support novice teachers in learning to notice key features of classroom discussion. Study 1 involves preservice teachers in a bilingual teaching methods course in a university-based credential program. Study 2 involves undergraduates in an education psychology course, many of whom are prospective teachers. Study participants engaged in analyzing transcript-based contrasting cases of discussion vignettes as they collaboratively developed guiding principles for effective class discussion. Data include pre- and post-instruction video noticing task reflections, principles identified, and transcribed partner discussions during the activity. Post-instruction, learners displayed increased student-centered noticing when watching videos of classroom discussions. Additionally, there was increased awareness of the absence of productive features or missed opportunities within the discourse. In this proof-of-concept set of studies, we explore the potential of contrasting cases-based activities to help prepare teachers for the complex task of orchestrating discussion by supporting them in learning to notice.
Pathological findings in South American camelids presented at a farm animal clinic in Northern Germany (2005–2021)
Authors: Neubert Saskia , Puff Christina , Kleinschmidt Sven , Kammeyer Patricia , von Altrock Alexandra , Wendt Michael , Wagener Matthias Gerhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo expand the knowledge about common diseases in llamas and alpacas in Germany, a screening of the cases of South American camelids presented at the Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany from 2005 to the end of November 2021 was performed. A retrospective evaluation of necropsy reports from this period was conducted. Overall, necropsy reports were evaluated from 187 alpacas, 35 llamas and one vicuña (n = 223). A total of 50.2% of the dissected animals were thin or cachectic. Pathological alterations of the gastrointestinal tract were the most common findings (44.8%). In addition, liver changes were recorded, most frequently in adult animals. In contrast, diseases of the respiratory tract and the nervous system were found more frequently in juvenile animals. This study provides an overview of common pathologies in South American camelids in Germany and thus may help to recognise different disease symptoms at an early stage.
How does active yeast supplementation reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxins in Wistar rats? A radiolabeled assay and histopathological study
Authors: Sica Pietro , Domingues Maria Antonia , Mota Layna Amorim , Pinto Alana Uchôa , Baptista Ana Angelita Sampaio , Horii Jorge , Abdalla Adibe Luiz , Baptista Antonio Sampaio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)control the toxic effects of aflatoxins, which are not yet fully understood. Radiolabeled aflatoxin B1(AFB13H) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats fed with aflatoxin (AflDiet) and aflatoxin supplemented with active dehydrated yeast Y904 (AflDiet + Yeast). The distribution of AFB13H and its metabolites were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h by tracking back of the radioactivity. No significant differences were observed between the AflDiet and AflDiet + Yeast groups in terms of the distribution of labeled aflatoxin. At 72 h, for the AflDiet group the radiolabeled aflatoxin was distributed as following: feces (79.5%), carcass (10.5%), urine (1.7%), and intestine (7.4%); in the AflDiet + Yeast the following distribution was observed: feces (76%), carcass (15%), urine (2.9%), and intestine (4.9%). These values were below 1% in other organs. These findings indicate that even after 72 h considerable amounts of aflatoxins remains in the intestines, which may play a significant role in the distribution and metabolism of aflatoxins and its metabolites over time. The presence of yeast may not significantly affect this process. Furthermore, histopathological examination of hepatic tissues showed that the presence of active yeast reduced the severity of liver damage caused by aflatoxins, indicating that yeasts control aflatoxin damage through biochemical mechanisms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of yeasts against aflatoxin toxicity.Graphical abstract
Analysis of Morphological Change during a Co-invading Assemblage of Lizards in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Phillips John G. , Hagey Travis J. , Hagemann Molly , Gering Eben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhenotypic change plays diverse roles in species’ colonization, but most invasion studies target single species. To compare ecomorphological changes among co-invading species with overlapping niches, we examined three lizards on the island of O‘ahu (Anolis carolinensis, A. sagrei, Phelsuma laticauda). Using specimens from three decades of unfolding invasions obtained through museum collections and contemporary field work, we quantified shifts in three traits: snout vent length (SVL), forelimb-, and hindlimb-length (limb lengths relative to SVL). We hypothesized that competition among these three species has led to ecological shifts that will be detectable through morphological change. Overall, we found that unique patterns of phenotypic change were both species-specific and sex-specific within species: (1) male A. sagrei, female A. carolinensis, and male P. laticauda increased in SVL and (2) relative hindlimb length increased in female A. carolinensis since the 1980s. The observed changes involve traits that may be consequential to invasion dynamics. This study illustrates how museum- and field-based research can be integrated to document nuanced temporal patterns in the phenotypes of co-invading species that share similar niches in native ranges, raising questions about the underlying process(es) driving species- and sex-specific change in co-invaded systems.
Three-dimensional Versus Two-dimensional Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Peltrini Roberto , Esposito Maria Danila , Pacella Daniela , Calabrese Pietro , Vitiello Antonio , Pilone Vincenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy has several advantages in gastrointestinal surgery. This systematic review determined whether similar benefits exist for bariatric surgical procedures by systematically searching the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Six studies including 629 patients who underwent 2D (386) and 3D (243) laparoscopic bariatric surgeries were selected. Operative time was significantly shorter in patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic gastric bypass (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22-0.15). Similarly, a shorter hospital stay was detected both during sleeve gastrectomy (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.70-0.13) and gastric bypass (SMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.64-0.14) with 3D laparoscopy. The study showed the potential benefit of 3D imaging in preventing intra- and postoperative complications. Despite the limited evidence, surgeons may benefit from 3D laparoscopy during bariatric surgery.
Opioids-Induced Long QT Syndrome: A Challenge to Cardiac Health
Authors: Hu Jiale , Song Yongfei , Huang Xiaoyan , Li Chongrong , Jin Xiaojun , Cen Lichao , Zhang Chuanjin , Ding Beilei , Lian Jiangfang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe challenge posed by opioid overdose has become a significant concern for health systems due to the complexities associated with drug prohibition, widespread clinical use, and potential abuse. In response, healthcare professionals have primarily concentrated on mitigating the hallucinogenic and respiratory depressant consequences of opioid overdose to minimize associated risks. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that most opioids possess the capacity to prolong the QT interval, particularly in cases of overdose, thereby potentially resulting in severe ventricular arrhythmias and even sudden death if timely intervention is not implemented. Consequently, alongside addressing the typical adverse effects of opioids, it is imperative to consider their cardiotoxicity. To enhance comprehension of the correlation between opioids and arrhythmias, identify potential targets for prompt intervention, and mitigate the hazards associated with clinical utilization, an exploration of the interaction between drugs and ion channels, as well as their underlying mechanisms, becomes indispensable. This review primarily concentrates on elucidating the impact of opioid drugs on diverse ion channels, investigating recent advancements in this domain, and attaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the prolongation of the QT interval by opioid drugs, along with potential interventions.
Transactivator of Transcription (Tat)-Induced Neuroinflammation as a Key Pathway in Neuronal Dysfunction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Muvenda Tshengedzeni , Williams Aurelia A. , Williams Monray Edward 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe activity of HIV-1 and its viral proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for a wide array of neuropathological effects, resulting in a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits defined as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Amongst the various viral proteins, the transactivator of transcription (Tat) remains detectable even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppressed viremia, highlighting the significance of this protein in the modern ART era. Tat has been extensively researched in both fundamental and clinical settings due to its role in neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and neurocognitive impairment amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV). To date, numerous fundamental studies have explored Tat-induced neuroinflammation. However, there is no clear consensus on the most frequently studied inflammatory markers or the consistency in the levels of these Tat-induced inflammatory marker levels across different studies. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of studies investigating Tat-induced neuroinflammation. We conducted searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a search protocol tailored specifically to adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. From the 22 included studies, findings suggest that the HIV-1 Tat protein amplifies levels of neuroinflammatory markers. Amongst the vast array of inflammatory markers explored in the included studies, consistent results point to higher levels of CCL2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in primary cells and cell lines exposed to or transfected with HIV-1 Tat. These markers are regulated by key inflammatory pathways, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the p38 MAPK pathway, and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). Furthermore, Tat has been shown to induce neuronal apoptosis, both directly and indirectly. With regards to study designs, utilizing full-length Tat101 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 ng/ml and durations of 24 and 48 h appears optimal for investigating Tat-induced neuroinflammation. In this context, we highlight specific inflammatory markers and pathways that are potentially pivotal in Tat-induced neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal damage. A deeper investigation into these markers and pathways is crucial to better understand their roles in the development of HAND.
„mindmittens“
Authors: Albrecht Nadine , Tietjens Maike 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die Entwicklung der bewegungsunterstützenden, psychosozialen Intervention „mindmittens“ im Boxsport für Mädchen und junge Frauen mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept. Auf der Basis von Selbstkonzepttheorien und der Self-Determination-Theory findet die Entwicklung einer theoriegestützten Intervention in Anlehnung an das Intervention Mapping statt. Die Intervention wurde im Rahmen eines Kontrollgruppen-prä-post-Designs mit n = 21 für die Interventionsgruppe (MAlter = 15,38) und n = 20 für die Kontrollgruppe (MAlter = 15,15) pilotiert und evaluiert. Die Probandinnen füllten zu beiden Messzeitpunkten das Physical Self-Inventory und die Multidimensionale Selbstwertskala aus. Zudem beantwortete die Interventionsgruppe einen Fragebogen für eine formative Evaluation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der zu erwartende Anstieg des Selbstkonzepts der Probandinnen nach Teilnahme an der Intervention in Teilen bestätigt. Das physische Selbstkonzept der Interventionsgruppe nähert sich dem der Kontrollgruppe an (PSI-S‑R Gesamtskala: F (1, 39) = 5,352; p = 0,026; η2 = 0,121; Physischer Selbstwert: F (1, 39) = 5,069; p = 0,030; η2 = 0,115; Physische Stärke: F (1, 39) = 7,459; p = 0,009; η2 = 0,161). Eine signifikante Veränderung des globalen Selbstkonzepts oder des Selbstwerts zeigt sich nicht. Die formative Evaluation ergibt, dass der überwiegende Teil der Teilnehmerinnen alle Bereiche von Verständlichkeit bis zukünftige Anwendung der Übungen positiv bewertet.