bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal leishmaniasis in brazil
Authors: Zajtchuk Joan T. , Casler John D. , Netto Eduardo M. , Marsden Phillip D. , Grogl Max , Neafie Ronald C. , Hessel Craig R. , De Magalhaes Albino Vercosa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis and laboratory identification of Leish‐mania brazilicnsis braziliensis, a parasitic disease affecting the upper aerodigestive tract, is difficult. A retrospective computer‐assisted analysis of patient records was done after examination of 58 patients with mucosal leishmaniasis in an endemic area of L. braziliensis braziliensis in Bahia, Brazil during January 1987. Biopsies of clinically active and clinically inactive mucosal patients were examined for parasites using routine hematoxylin and eosin histopathology and a new technique for rapid detection of Leishmania amastigotes using a genus‐specific indirect immunofluorescent assay.No amastigotes were found in specimens from seven patients with clinically inactive mucosal disease using immunofluorescent monoclonal assay techniques, whereas specimens from seven out of 14 patients with clinically active mucosal disease were positive. These results suggest that the immunofluorescent antibody technique is markedly superior in identifying the intra‐cellular amastigote in tissue sections of mucosal biopsies when compared to histopathology techniques or with other standard tests done in rural areas of Brazil.Various clinical and laboratory test data of the entire group of patients were examined and the efficacy of treatment evaluated. The median interval of time noted between cutaneous and mucosal disease was 4.5 years. Relapse was noted in 31% of patients treated with a low dose of meglumine antimoniate (10 mg per kg of body weight). Patients treated with a high dose of meglumine antimoniate (20 mg per kg of body weight) had a relapse rate of 27.3%. A chi‐squarc statistical analysis revealed no significant difference (χ2 = 0.049) between the two groups. Patients were considered cured if mucosal granulations were clinically absent after 4.6 years.
A DNA linkage study of usher's syndrome excluding much of chromosome 4
Authors: Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBy applying molecular genetic techniques to families in whom inherited forms of hearing impairment are segregating, it will be possible to identify and isolate genes that cause hearing impairment. This will increase our understanding of the biochemical and cytochemical processes associated with hearing, and ultimately could have therapeutic implications. To achieve this goal, DNA linkage studies must be done to localize defective genes to specific chromosome regions. Previous data had suggested that the gene causing Usher's syndrome was located on chromosome 4 in close proximity to the Vitamin D binding protein. A DNA linkage analysis of this chromosome does not confirm the linkage relationship and excludes much of chromosome 4 as the site of the Usher's syndrome gene.
Histopathologic consequences of surgical approaches to the singular nerve
Authors: Ohmichi Takuya , Rutka John , Hawke Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSelective sectioning of the singular nerve has proven successful in the relief of incapacitating benign positional vertigo (BPV), presumably on the histopathologic basis of posterior am‐pullary cupulolithiasis. Although the surgical techniques of transmeatal and the recently introduced retrosigmoid IAC approach have been well described, little has been written about the singular nerve's anatomical relationships determined histo‐logically for each surgical approach. The anatomical relationships of the singular nerve in both the transmeatal and retrosigmoid IAC approaches are discussed.Histologic evidence presented suggests that other mechanisms may also be ultimately responsible for improvement in the symptoms of BPV following transmeatal surgery. Moreover, the high incidence of injury to the endolymphatic duct during retrosigmoid surgery raises questions about the exact role of the endolymphatic duct and sac in inner ear homeostasis.
The role of leucocyte elastase in malignant tumors of the head and neck
Authors: Zöller Elisabeth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn elevated concentration of leucocyte elastase in the extracellular compartment leads to an inactivation of plasma proteins as well as changes in tissue structure. The presence of raised plasma elastase values in tumors of the lower respiratory tract has been well substantiated. This study was undertaken to find out whether tumors of the upper respiratory tract show a similar pattern. Elevated plasma elastase values were found in all of the three tumor groups examined (hypopharyngeal, mesopharyn‐geal, epipharyngeal) with respect to the control group.Thus, the investigation of leucocyte elastase using enzyme im‐munoassay techniques could play a significant ancillary role in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors.
The effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation on phonation in an in vivo canine model
Authors: Berke Gerald S. , Moore Dennis M. , Gerratt Bruce R. , Hanson David G. , Bell Theodore S. , Natividad Manuel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present investigation was designed to examine the effect of variation in recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation (RLNS) on vocal fold vibration. Photoglottography (PGG), electroglottog‐raphy (EGG), and subglottic pressure (Psub) were measured in seven mongrel dogs using an in vivo canine model of phonation. The PGG, EGG, and Psub signals were examined at three fundamental frequencies (F0) (100 Hz, 130 Hz, and 160 Hz) for RLNS, using a constant rate of air flow. Increasing RLNS, which caused activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, produced a modest increase in F0, a marked increase in Psub, no change in the open quotient (OQ), and an increase in the closing quotient (CQ). Phase quotient (Qp), which describes the interval between opening of the lower and upper fold margins, decreased with increasing RLNS.
Sclerosing lesions of the temporal bone
Authors: Schrimpf Robert , Karmody Collin S. , Chasin Werner D. , Carter Barbara 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSclerosis of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone is often seen on radiographs of patients who have or have had chronic otitis media. Occasionally lesions are seen that cause sclerosis of the entire temporal bone. The otolaryngologist must be alert to the fact that these findings may signify important pathology beyond that of chronic otitis media and indeed may be indicative of life threatening problems in adjacent or distant areas. In this paper the differential diagnoses of sclerotic lesions of the temporal bone will be discussed. These include fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis, meningioma, ossifying fibroma and metastatic lesions to the temporal bone. Three representative cases with sclerotic temporal bones are presented. The first is a patient with a conductive hearing loss secondary to stenosis of the external auditory canal. He was found to have a fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone. The second case is an elderly male with a draining ear and a facial nerve paresis. He was found to have adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland metastatic to the temporal bone. The third case is that of a woman with a meningioma who demonstrated a sclerotic temporal bone on routine radiographs of the skull.
Infectious facial and nasal cutaneous necrosis: Evaluation and diagnosis
Authors: Koopmann Charles F. , Coulthard Stanley W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of the literature reveals that pyogenic gangrenosum (ecthyma gangrenosum) is fatal to most patients, especially infants. In this article, the authors review the differential diagnosis of facial necrosis, present two cases of infants who succumbed to the systemic manifestations of the disorder, and a third case of survival in an adult with concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus and pyogenic gangrenosum. Finally, a brief discussion of Pseudomonas gastroenteritis, Pseudomonas septicemia, and pseudomembranous enterocolitis is presented.
Clinical update on rhinoscleroma
Authors: Shum Tony K. , Whitaker Clay W. , Meyer Paul R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRhinosclcroma is recognized more frequently now because of the recent influx of immigrants from endemic Central America. This chronic infectious disease presents with three overlapping clinical stages and can involve any part of the respiratory tract. A review of the clinical presentation leads to a patient evaluation plan consisting of physical examination and radiographic studies. A highly sensitive and specific method is introduced for identification of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis in the biopsy specimen using the immunoperoxidase technique. A study of the immune status of the patient revealed general immunological competence except in effective phagocytosis of the organism by the Mikulicz cells. The choice of chronic antibiotic therapy should be guided by individual patient consideration with respect to age and sex. Repeat biopsies help determine the duration of antibiotic therapy. Relapses do occur and close observation is the key to long‐term follow‐up of the patient.
Principles of surgical management of midfacial carcinoma
Authors: Wodd Benjamin G. , Levine Howard L. , Bailin Philip L. , Tucker Harvey M. , Esposito Salvatore J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of large, midfacial, squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas treated by the Departments of Otolaryngology and Dermatology (Cleveland Clinic Foundation) are reported. Most cases required total/partial resection of the external nose, upper lip, hard palate, nasal septum, and adjacent midfacial soft tissues. Emphasis is placed on the principles of preoperative and intraoperative management as it relates to intraoral prosthetic design and total margin control of the surgical specimen. The immediate and delayed reconstructive philosophy and techniques employed here are discussed in detail. Recurrence rates and free‐of‐disease survival times are also reviewed.
Fibrolipoma of the pyriform sinuses: Thirty‐seven year follow‐up
Authors: Jesberg Norman 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLipomas and fibrolipomas of the larynx and hypopharynx are rare. Indeed, by 1934 Birkett was able to report only 42 extrinsic and 5 intrinsic cases. Additional occurrences have been reported since then and it has been emphasized that these tumors although histologically benign ore clinically malignant.A case of recurrent fibrolipoma of the pyriform sinuses requiring right transthyroid lateral pharyngotomy in 1951 and 1966 and left transthyroid lateral pharyngotomy in 1961 is reported. The patient has been followed by one observer for the last 35 years and is at present in her 84th year. There has been neither histopathological evidence of liposarcomatous transformation nor recurrence since 1966. Previous recurrences appeared on the contralateral side from first observance after 10 years and on the same side after 15 years.
Reflectance spectrophotometric studies on mucosal pathology of the upper airway
Authors: Ohyama Masaru , Furuta Shigeru , Kurono Yuichi , Yano Hiromi , Ogawa Kazuaki , Katsuda Kenji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReflectance spectrophotometry analysis has been applied to the human nasal mucosa in vivo to determine the objective parameters of the colors of the mucous membrane, as well as to study the hemodynamics and enzymatic activities related to respiratory chain metabolism in the nasal mucosa. In 24 normal subjects, there were three main spectral peaks: the peak at around 500 nm (P1), the smallest at 560 nm (P2) and the highest one at 660 nm (P3). In 28 patients with nasal allergy, spectral P3 shifted remarkably toward the shorter wavelength at around 640 nm, compared to that of normal subjects. Additionally, the increment of the absorption band at P2 was also observed. These phenomena could be seen in the nasal mucosa of the subjects after use of decongestant spray.Reflectance spectrophotometric analysis will serve as a non‐invasive method of giving us useful information for a further understanding of the mucosal pathophysiology of the upper airway.
Hyperuricemia: A possible etiologic factor in chronic recurrent parotitis
Authors: Eilon Amos , Deutsch Elimelech , Zelig Silviu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic recurrent parotitis is a common salivary gland disease. It is often associated with such clinical conditions as antecedent pyogenic infections, mumps, debilitation, intense fluid restriction and drugs.A case of chronic recurrent parotitis in a patient with hyperuricemia is presented, the presumptive pathophysiology is discussed, and an interrelationship between these two entities is suggested.
Malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Nissen Rick L. , Yonkers Anthony J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe true incidence of malignant hyperthermia is unknown, but the frequency has been estimated as high as 1/14,000 anesthetic events. Review of the literature reports mortality rates up to 70%. Without prompt medical intervention, it is a uniformly fatal disease. Thus, it behooves the physician to have an awareness of the syndrome and its features, so that early recognition and adequate treatment take place. This paper presents a review of the literature on the occurrence, pathology, symptoms and treatment of malignant hyperthermia.
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Esclamado Ramon M. , Glenn Michael G. , Mcculloch Timothy M. , Cummings Charles W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review of 135 patients surgically treated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) from 1982 to 1987 was performed to identify perioperative complications and potential risk factors. The incidence of complications was 13% (18/135). Airway problems comprised 77% (14/18) of these complications, resulting in one death. There were three postoperative hemorrhages and one postoperative arrhythmia. Comparison of the complication group versus the noncomplication group showed a statistically significant difference in the minimum oxygen saturation (66% vs. 79%) and apnea index (75 vs. 57) on the pro‐operative sleep study and in the amount of narcotic administered intraoperatively. Patients with intubation complications tended to be heavier, whereas patients with extubation complications received significantly more narcotic analgesia intraoperatively. Risk for a perioperative complication was not related to age, type of obstructive symptoms, medical problems, or concurrent septoplasty/tonsillectomy. A protocol for perioperative airway management is presented.
Tuberculosis of the larynx: Clinical aspects in 19 patients
Authors: Soda Antonio , Ganem Jose , Berlanga Diego , Sanchez Andres , Rubio Horacio , Salazar Margarita 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngeal tuberculosis continues to exist in spite of extensive tuberculosis eradication campaigns. We present 19 cases of laryngeal tuberculosis seen in our institution between 1982 and 1987. From the clinical findings it is clear that the localization of the lesions has changed since the preantibiotic era. Today the spread appears to be mainly via lymphatic and hematogenic routes, as opposed to the direct spread more common previously. The fibrosis caused by the lesions is incapacitating and frequently requires surgical correction.
Diagnosis of surgical sinusitis using nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography
Authors: Nass Richard L. , Reede Deborah L. , Holliday Roy A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ability to identify surgical sinus disease using diagnostic nasal endoscopy and coronal CT scanning of the paranasal sinuses is studied prospectively. Fifty consecutive patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis lacking surgical indications by traditional work‐up comprise the patient population. Sixty percent had endoscopic or CT indications for surgery. There was a 90% correlation between endoscopy and CT examination with the combined work‐up being more accurate than either modality alone. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 18 cases. There were no major complications. Approximately 89% of the postoperative group report significant improvement, with 55.6% reporting total relief of symptoms.A complete endoscopic sinus work‐up can often identify surgically correctable sinusitis despite normal routine rhinoscopic and plain‐film examination. It is. therefore, warranted in those patients with a suggestive history.
Steroids in rhinoplasty
Authors: Scott Griffies W. , Kennedy Kevin , Gasser Charles , Fankhauser Charles , Taylor Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective double‐blind randomized pilot study was performed to test the benefits of steroids versus placebo in controlling edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty within the immediate postoperative period. Thirty consecutive patients who underwent rhinoplasty with osteotomies were entered into the study. Sixteen patients received 10 mg of intravenous dexnmethnsone before the procedure and 14 patients received placebo. All rhino‐plastics were performed by residents under the supervision of staff otolaryngologists. A 4‐point scale was used to assess the extent of periorbital edema and ecchymosis at 24 hours pustop‐eratively. A one‐time bolus of 10 mg of dexamethasone was beneficial in decreasing edema and ccchymosis in rhinoplasty. This benefit was demonstrated statistically (p &It .005). No complications were attributed to the administration of dexamethasone.
Olfactory function following late repair of choanal atresia
Authors: Gross‐Isseroff Ruth , Ophir Dov , Marshak Gabriel , Ganchrow Judith R. , Beizer Michael , Lancet Doron 
Published: October 2006

AbstractResults of olfactory function tests (threshold determination and odor identification) in three cases of bilateral and one case of unilateral choanal atresia are reported. All four patients underwent successful repair of choanal atresia at relatively advanced ages (8 to 31 years). Test results showed that patients who had suffered from bilateral atresia had permanent olfactory deficits, while the patient who had suffered from unilateral atresia appeared to have normal olfactory acuity. Although these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of cases examined, they suggest the possibility that early sensory exposure might be needed for the normal development of central olfactory functions in analogy to the visual system.
Gadolinium‐DTPA‐Enhanced magnetic resonance scanning in cerebellopontine angle tumors
Authors: Wayman John W. , Dutcher Paul O. , Manzione James V. , Kido Daniel K. , Nelson Curtis N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging has quickly emerged and already replaced computerized tomography (CT) in the evaluation of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions, although even MR scanning may occasionally yield equivocal results. We recently studied six patients with a new MR image‐enhancing contrast, gado‐linium‐DTPA (Gd‐DTPA). All patients were suspected of having CPA pathology, and the standard MR scan was either negative, equivocal, or left unanswered questions regarding confirmed lesions. The Gd‐DTPA‐enhanced MR scan confirmed tumors or added useful information in five of six patients.
Rigid endoscopic repair of paranasal sinus cerebrospinal fluid fistulas
Authors: Maggiano Holly , Papay Francis A. , Dominquez Steven , Levine Howard L. , Lavertu Pierre , Hassenbusch Samuel J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe advent of functional transnasal endoscopic sinus surgery has brought new opportunities in the repair of difficult cerebro‐spinal fluid leaks of the paranasal sinuses. The following four case reports illustrate the repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks with the use of rigid transnasal endoscopy for enhanced angled visualization and illumination. A description of surgical techniques and instrumentation involving transnasal endoscopy in repair of sphenoidal and ethmoidal cerebrospinal fluid fistulas is reported. A discussion of etiology, diagnoses, and conservative versus surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is presented.
Simultaneous auditory stimuli shorten saccade latencies
Authors: Konrad Horst R. , Rea Chuck , Olin Bruce , Colliver Jerry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEye movement responses induced by vestibular, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic stimulation are largely dependent on the velocity of the stimulus. Saccade latencies, on the other hand, are a function of the anatomic and physiologic components of the reflex. By producing an audible click simultaneously with the movement of a visual target used to stimulate a saccadic eye movement, the saccade latency is significantly shortened. This does not appear to be due to alerting. It is probably due to an auditory input to the superior colliculus which decreased threshold for initiating a saccadic eye movement. Twenty normal participants were tested with or without the click stimulus. Latencies were significantly shorter when the click stimulus was presented simultaneously with the eye movement. The anatomic pathways in this reflex are reviewed in the presentation. This study provides further information on sensory interaction in saccade reflexes and emphasizes the need to control stimulus conditions during saccade testing.
The large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
Authors: Jackler Robert K. , de la Cruz Antonio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt has long been known that abnormally large vestibular aqueducts may accompany congenital malformations of the cochlea and semicircular canals. Recently, enlargement of the vestibular aqueducts as the sole radiographically detectable inner ear anomaly has been recognized as a distinct pattern of congenital inner ear malformation. Patho‐genesis of the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome probably stems from an early derangement in the embryogenesis of the endolymphatic duct. This anomaly appears to be relatively common in children with sensorineural hearing loss and is probably significantly underdiagnosed. Hearing loss is typically bilateral and progressive, with stepwise rather than fluctuant hearing decrements often triggered by relatively minor head trauma. A review of 17 patients (33 ears) revealed an average hearing level at presentation of 57 dB with a speech discrimination score of 66%. Considerable variability exists in hearing level among affected ears, ranging from normal hearing (4%) to profound deafness (39%). In 12 patients (23 ears) with an average long‐term follow‐up of 7.3 years, the hearing loss progressed by an average of 25 dB, with a drop of 29% in speech discrimination over the period of observation. An endolymphatic to subarachnoid shunt was performed on seven ears in an effort to stabilize hearing. Four of these ears had a substantial immediate postoperative drop in hearing. For this reason, endolymphatic sac surgery is not recommended for patients with this deformity.
Effects of preoperative embolization on glomus jugulare tumors
Authors: Murphy Terrence P. , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe charts of 35 patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the effects of embolization on glomus jugulare tumors. Eighteen patients underwent embolization; 17 did not. All tumors were removed with a type A infratemporal fossa approach. The charts were evaluated for operative blood loss, operative time, length of hospitalization, new postoperative cranial nerve deficits and recurrence of tumor. Embolized patients had significantly less operative blood loss and operative time. Embolization did not affect length of hospitalization or reduce the incidence of new postoperative cranial nerve deficits. The surgeon's experience also plays a central role in reducing operative blood loss and operative time. The potential risks of embolization must be considered in the treatment regimen of glomus jugulare tumors.