bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Education Materials: Recommendations of Tribal Leaders, Indian Health Professionals, and American Indian Community Members
Authors: Roubideaux Yvette D. , Moore Kelly , Avery Charlene , Muneta Ben , Knight Margaret , Buchwald Dedra 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The Association of American Indian Physicians, the only national organization of its kind, conducted a series of focus groups to gather input from tribal leaders, Indian health professionals, and American Indian community members to guide the development of culturally appropriate diabetes education materials for the National Diabetes Education Program. METHODS During the focus groups, participants shared their experiences with and recommendations for a variety of diabetes education materials. RESULTS Overall, 95% of participants expressed a strong preference for diabetes education materials relevant to their specific tribe or culture. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations from these focus groups were used to develop a national diabetes education campaign for American Indian communities.
Exercise Behavior in a Community Sample With Diabetes: Understanding the Determinants of Exercise Behavioral Change
Authors: Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Brez Sharon , Hotz Stephen B. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with exercise behavior among adults with diabetes. METHODS Exercise behavior (stage of exercise readiness and energy expenditure) and potential determinants were measured on a subsample (n=46) of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes from a randomized population-based telephone survey. Participants were assessed at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Sociodemographic and biomedical characteristics did not significantly differ between the stages of exercise behavior. Scores on the psychosocial constructs of self-efficacy, behavioral processes, self-concept, and social support were significantly higher for those in the action stage than those in the preaction stage of exercise readiness. Self-efficacy and behavioral process of change were significantly associated with energy expenditure; self-efficacy was the strongest predictor in the longitudinal analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings may generate direction for theory development and guide health and medical practitioners when intervening on the specific constructs. Populationand community-based surveys have utility for assessing diabetes health-related behavior (eg, exercise behavior).
Telecommunication Support for Rural Women With Diabetes
Authors: Smith Lucretia , Weinert Clarann 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The Women to Women Diabetes Project tested the use of telecommunication technology to deliver diabetes education and social support to rural women with diabetes. The aims were to (1) test the effects of the computer intervention in providing support, information, and education on selected outcomes, and (2) evaluate the women's attitudes toward and satisfaction with the intervention and the support provided. METHODS Thirty women were randomized into computer and noncomputer groups and participated for 10 months. For 5 months, one group participated in a self-help support and educational group via the computer; the other group continued to use their usual modes of support and communication. Psychosocial well-being scales were administered and attitudes were surveyed. RESULTS Improving health and higher educational levels positively influenced measures of social support and quality of life. Women who were married or who reported greater support had higher scores on the Personal Resource Questionnaire. The women expressed positive effects of the computer-based support group on their lives. CONCLUSIONS The intervention was enthusiastically accepted, and could be conducted effectively in isolated rural areas.
Self-Reported Factors That Affect Glycemic Control in College Students With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ramchandani Neesha , Cantey-Kiser Jean M. , Alter Craig A. , Brink Stuart J. , Yeager Shelley D. , Tamborlane William V. , Chipkin Stuart R. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This study examined the self-reported impact of different factors on the overall diabetes care of college students with type 1 diabetes. METHODS An 18-item questionnaire was mailed to 164 students with type 1 diabetes attending college away from home; results from 42 students fulfilled study criteria and were analyzed. Metabolic control was assessed by relative changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from medical records. RESULTS HbA1c levels did not change significantly between high school and college, yet most college students reported that diabetes was more difficult to manage in college. Commonly reported barriers to diabetes control included diet, irregular schedules, lack of parental involvement, peer pressure, drugs and alcohol, fear of hypoglycemia, and finances. Factors identified as improving diabetes control were an increased sense of responsibility, increased frequency of blood glucose testing, exercise, contact with healthcare providers, fear of hyperglycemia, and knowledge of the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Many students reported testing their blood more frequently and taking more injections than in high school; most were on intensive insulin regimens. CONCLUSIONS Despite the perception that diabetes management was more difficult in college, metabolic control was maintained during college, possibly due to a more intensive treatment approach.
Correlates of Self-Efficacy in Diabetes Self-Care Among Hispanic Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Bernal Henrietta , Woolley Steve , Schensul Jean J. , Dickinson Jane K. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with increased diabetes self-efficacy among insulin-requiring Hispanic adults with diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used to obtain self-reported data on a nonrandom sample of 97 insulin-requiring Hispanic adults with diabetes. The Insulin Management Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale (IMDSES) was translated into Spanish and administered with a demographic questionnaire by trained bilingual/bicultural interviewers in each respondent's own home. Factor analysis of the IMDSES revealed 4 subscales that corresponded with major diabetes self-care management behaviors. RESULTS Respondents gave low to average self-efficacy ratings on their ability to manage all aspects of their disease. Behaviors that required problem solving in changing circumstances received the lowest scores. Attending diabetes classes and having home nursing visits were associated with an increased sense of selfefficacy, particularly as it related to diet and insulin. Englishspeaking ability was associated with a general sense of selfefficacy in managing diabetes care. CONCLUSIONS The model tested was able to explain modest levels of selfefficacy, particularly in 2 of the most important diabetes management areas, insulin and diet management.
Long-Term Disease Management Needs of Southern African Americans With Diabetes
Authors: Anderson-Loftin Wanda , Moneyham Linda 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this qualitative study explored the issues, concerns, and needs of low-income, southern African Americans in managing type 2 diabetes over time. METHODS Two focus groups (N=22) were conducted with the target population to collect data. Group sessions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The data revealed an overall theme of learning to live with diabetes, which consisted of 3 processes: (1) symptom management, (2) making healthy choices, and (3) emotional adjustment. This article focuses on the processes of symptom management and making healthy choices. Findings suggest that the sequential processes of symptom management and making healthy choices occurred over time primarily through experiential learning in this population and were influenced by social support, caring and collaborative provider-client relationships, and access to resources and culturally sensitive supportive services. CONCLUSIONS Experiential educational methods that incorporate social support and access to resources may be more appropriate than the traditional didactic method of teaching diabetes self-care.
The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education With Frequent Follow-Up on the Health Outcomes of African American Men
Authors: Hendricks Leo E. , Hendricks, Rosetta T. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine whether objective clinical, patient performance, quality-of-life, and subjective outcomes are significantly different among African American men with type 2 diabetes who received follow-up at either monthly or 3-month intervals after participating in a structured diabetes self-management education program. METHODS Prior to the diabetes self-management education program, 30 African American men with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to 2 groups to receive telephone follow-up at either monthly or 3-month intervals over a 6-month period. Information obtained at follow-up contact included HbA1c level, perception of general health, and present diabetes knowledge. In addition, daily foot care, dietary, exercise, and medication compliance measures were assessed postprogram. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the participants who received follow-up at monthly and 3-month intervals on any measures of the selected clinical, patient performance, quality-of-life, and subjective outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study showed that telephone follow-up at 3 month intervals following a structured program of diabetes self-management education may be just as effective in contributing to favorable diabetes health outcomes as monthly follow-up.
Adherence to 1997 Diabetes Screening Guidelines in a Large Ambulatory Clinic
Authors: Koll Elizabeth , Hewitt Jeanne Beauchamp 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the 1997 American Diabetes Association screening guidelines were being implemented by primary care providers. METHODS A retrospective health record review was undertaken in a large midwestern ambulatory care clinic. A master list was developed of clients aged 45 to 54 years who had been given a physical examination between January 1, 1998, and June 30, 1998. A total of 310 records were systematically selected and abstracted. Data were anaylzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Although all subjects met the age criterion by design, and a high percent were high risk, only 57.7% were screened for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the 1997 screening guidelines was inadequate in this practice setting; therefore the authors suggest replicating this study in other practice settings. Diabetes educators should continue to promote the practice of screening high-risk individuals of all ages.
The Conceptual Framework of the National Diabetes Education Outcomes System (NDEOS)
Authors: Peeples Malinda , Mulcahy Kathryn , Tomky Donna , Weaver Todd 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this article describes the systems-based conceptual framework for the definition of diabetes education outcomes and the development of the National Diabetes Education Outcomes System (NDEOS). METHODS Development of the NDEOS was based on integrating diabetes education into the diabetes care system; identifying and tracking standardized learning, behavioral, and clinical outcomes measurements; and gathering data at the individual, program, and national levels. Each component was formulated based on available literature and through consensus with the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) Outcomes Task Force and other multidisciplinary healthcare professionals. RESULTS Behavior change is the key outcome measurement for diabetes self-management education (DSME). In addition, diabetes educators should collect other immediate, intermediate, and long-term outcomes for monitoring the impact of DSME. The NDEOS system includes standardized data collection tools for the participant, the educator, and the program manager, and provides reports at the individual, program, and national levels. CONCLUSIONS By capturing outcomes data using valid, reliable, and evidence-based tools, the NDEOS strives to support diabetes educators and provide a uniform data set that can be used to influence public policy, support reimbursement negotiations, and assist researchers.
Heuristic Model Linking Contextual Processes to Self-Management in African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Jack Leonard , Murry Velma McBride , Landers-Potts Melissa , Liburd Leandris 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This article examines the influence of various environmental factors on the diabetes self-care practices of African American adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A heuristic model was developed that considers how community barriers and supports, availability and use of insurance, diabetes education, medical provider-patient relationships, extended family processes, and psychological functioning may indirectly affect metabolic control through the patient's ability to regulate diabetes. RESULTS The proposed model offers a framework to demonstrate the complexity of diabetes management that may be unique to the African American experience. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive view of the environmental context will lead to new and more effective approaches in diabetes education and counseling for African American adults with type 2 diabetes.
Peer Coaching: An Intervention for Individuals Struggling With Diabetes
Authors: Joseph Dayle Hunt , Griffin Martha , Hall Rosemary F. , Sullivan Elaine Doherty 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the value of peer coaching and its influence on behavior change. METHODS Coaches who were known to be successfully managing their diabetes were paired with individuals who were struggling with behavior change associated with managing diabetes. The pairs were matched according to age, sex, and physical appearance. Coaches met initially with participants in a face-to-face meeting for 1 hour and talked with them once a week for 10 to 15 minutes for the next 8 weeks. The initial interview and subsequent phone conversations focused on the person's problems and efforts at behavior change. RESULTS At the end of the study, the pairs participated in a videotaped focus group to discuss their views on coaching and its influence on behavior change. Participants reported that coaching was personal, useful in disease management, and helpful in their quest to establish and adhere to routines of care. Participants also reported making progress toward changing their behavior related to diet, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. Sustained behavior change was not measured. CONCLUSIONS Peer coaching appears to have merit as a viable, low-cost intervention with the potential of helping individuals with diabetes who need to change their behavior.
Drinking Perceptions and Management Strategies of College Students With Diabetes
Authors: Miller-Hagan Raelene S. , Janas Bernadette G. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to explore how college students with diabetes perceive and manage alcohol consumption. METHODS Fifteen college students with diabetes attending a large northeastern university participated in a single semistructured interview that focused on the impact of starting college on diabetes management and situational obstacles to diet-related self-care. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparative method of analysis. RESULTS Students perceived alcohol as a pervasive part of the university environment and felt strong peer pressure to drink in alcohol-related social situations. Students described 3 distinct drinking practices and identified factors that shaped decisions about drinking. Most students developed personal strategies to manage drinking, usually without guidance. CONCLUSIONS Some of the students' strategies appeared reasonable for avoiding adverse outcomes of drinking; however, other strategies may have increased their risk of hypoglycemia or poor glucose control. More research is needed to understand how students' management strategies influence diabetes control and to explore how education and counseling from healthcare providers can improve students' management of drinking.
Beliefs and Attitudes of African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes Toward Depression
Authors: Egede Leonard E. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This qualitative study was conducted with African Americans with type 2 diabetes to explore beliefs and attitudes about depression. METHODS Twenty-five adults participated in 4 focus groups. The sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The Health Belief Model was used as a theoretical framework for the design and analysis of the focus group data. RESULTS Five themes pertinent to depression management emerged: (1) There were misconceptions about the etiology of depression and individual vulnerability to depression. (2) Depression was perceived as severe. (3) Treatment was perceived as beneficial. (4) Stigma was a significant barrier to seeking treatment. (5) Cues to action did not appear to change beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Despite awareness about the severity of depression and benefits of treatment, several barriers and erroneous beliefs may interfere with the ability of African Americans with type 2 diabetes to seek and adhere to treatment for depression.
A Practical Model for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Minority Youth
Authors: Burnet Deborah , Plaut Andrea , Courtney Rachel , Chin Marshall H. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This article proposes a model grounded in behavioral theory and empirical evidence for use when developing a program to prevent type 2 diabetes in highrisk minority youth. METHODS The model is based on key concepts of 4 behavioral theories: the Health Belief Model, Social Learning Theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Ecological Model. Determinants of behavior to target for change are selected based on their theoretical link to behavior change, their success in changing behavior in past programs, and through thorough formative research in the target community. RESULTS Diabetes prevention in children requires modifying a complex set of behavior patterns. Social norms and the environment are especially important in children in whom cognitive processes have not fully developed. Family and community involvement is essential for developing a health program and providing a supportive environment in which to change behavior and ongoing reinforcement to maintain behavior changes. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral theory informs the selection of factors to target in a behavioral intervention. Special considerations apply when working with children. A program to target risk must be based in behavioral theory, supported by practical data, and tailored to the needs and beliefs of the target community.
A Focus Group Study of Accessibility and Related Psychosocial Issues in Diabetes Education for People With Visual Impairment
Authors: Willams Ann S. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify accessibility and related psychosocial issues in diabetes care and education for visually impaired adults who have diabetes. METHODS Two focus groups of adults with visual impairment and diabetes were conducted; data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The 3 main issues identified were lack of access to up-to-date diabetes information in an accessible format, lack of understanding by healthcare providers of the needs and competencies of people with both visual impairment and diabetes, and lack of access to nonvisual diabetes self-management equipment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides qualitative support for the view that visually impaired people in the United States may, as a group, be systematically excluded from receiving high quality diabetes care and education. Equal access to diabetes care and education for visually impaired people requires increased accessibility of diabetes care and education programs, and increased professional and public awareness that the diabetes programs are accessible. Some specific recommendations are to make all patient education materials available in low-vision/nonvisual formats and to teach all diabetes education professionals how to work effectively with visually impaired people.
A Randomized Pilot Study of improving Foot Care in Home Health Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Corbett Cynthia F. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve patients' foot care knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care practices. METHODS A prospective, randomized, single center, 2-group design was used with a convenience sample of 40 home care patients from a Medicare-certified home health agency. Baseline measures of foot care knowledge, self-efficacy, and reported self-care practices were obtained at study entry and 6 weeks later to control for foot care interventions provided during routine home care services. After obtaining the 6-week baseline measures, patients who were randomized to the intervention group received individualized education about proper foot care. All patients were interviewed a third time 3 months after study entry to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. RESULTS The educational intervention improved patients' knowledge, confidence, and reported foot care behaviors. CONCLUSIONS A brief, individualized educational intervention about standard foot care topics improved patients' foot care knowledge and self-efficacy as well as reported self-care practices. Incorporating such interventions into routine home care services may enhance the quality of care and decrease the incidence of lower-extremity complications.
Measuring Perceptions of Diabetes-Related Concepts: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Fitzgerald James T. , Gruppen Larry D. , Wray Linda A. , Shay Barbara R. , Anderson Robert M. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this pilot study explored health professionals' and patients' perceptions of diabetes through the development of the Diabetes Semantic Differential Scales (DSDS). These scales evaluate the meaning of diabetes-related concepts. METHODS Health professionals (n=39) attending a CME course completed the health professional version of the DSDS. Patients (n=70) completed the patient version of the DSDS. RESULTS The reliability of the DSDS was supported. The scale scores of health professionals, African American patients, and Caucasian patients, examined initially by one-way analyses of variance, showed significant differences among the groups for 4 of the 18 diabetes concepts. Effect sizes were also examined among these groups. For 7 concepts, there was a significant practical difference between the perceptions of the health professionals and the African American patients. For the Caucasian patients, differences were noted for 6 concepts. CONCLUSIONS There are 3 primary inferences from this pilot study. First, health professionals and patients are likely to hold different perceptions of key diabetes concepts. Second, the concepts on which professionals and patients differ are not always what one would expect. Third, health professionals should clarify patients' understanding of diabetes to minimize the potential for miscommunication.