bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encodage analogique et transfert sans mapping
Authors: Ripoll T. , Coulon D. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Is mapping a necessary condition for analogical transfer ?
According to classical models of reasoning by analogy (SME, ACME, SIAM, IAM), analogical transfer requires that subjects make first of all complete one-to-one correspondences between base and target elements. It is only when the mapping is finished that subjects may project inferences from the base to the target. Consequently, these models predict that a cross-mapping between base and target (same base-target elements which play different roles) should increase the time necessary for transfering a property from the base to the target. Empirical results obtained here are inconsistent with this prediction because, in a series of experiments, we show that the increase in time to match two cross-mapping objects does not involve an increase in time to process the target. Consequently, it seems that there is at least a partial independency between mapping and transfer.
Key words : analogy, inference, mapping, transfer.
Principe de solidité et capture manuelle chez le bébé de 10 mois
Authors: Molina Michèle , Vandeville Aurélie , Lehalle Henri , Jouen François 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Solidity principle and manual catching in 10-month-old infants.
The research evaluated 10-month-old infants' capacity to regulate their catching behavior according to the solidity principle as defined by Spelke. Twelve infants were observed in three conditions in which babies had to reach for an object placed behind an open box. In a first condition, the object was smaller than the box : It could be freely displaced through the box (Possible situation). In a second condition, the object was taller than the box : It could not be freely displaced through the box without violating the solidity principle (Impossible situation). In a third situation, babies had to reach for the taller object placed behind a bigger box but still allowing a free displacement of the object through it (control condition). Latency and number of manual captures were recorded for each situation during three successive trials. Results reveal that during the first trial, latency of the first capture does not vary across to the three conditions. During the two following trials, latency increases for the impossible situation whereas it decreases conjointly for possible and control situations. Results reveal that during the first trial, the impossible situation induces more captures than possible and control situations. During the two next trials, the number of captures decreased progressively for the impossible condition but remained constant for the possible and control conditions. Taken together, the results provide evidence that 10-month-old infants do not use the solidity principle before initiating a reaching action.
Key words : manual capture, infant, solidity.
Évaluation d'entraînements multi-sensoriels de préparation à la lecture pour les enfants en grande section de maternelle : une étude sur la contribution du système haptique manuel
Authors: Gentaz Edouard , Colé Pascale , Bara Florence 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Cette recherche étudie chez les enfants en grande section de maternelle (5 ans) les effets de l'ajout de la modalité haptique (tactilo-kinesthésique) dans un entraînement destiné à favoriser la compréhension et l'utilisation du principe alphabétique. Deux entraînements qui se différencient par les modalités sensorielles sollicitées sont évalués. L'entraînement « HVAM » (Haptique-Visuel-Auditif-Métaphonologique) sollicite les modalités haptique, visuelle et auditive et l'entraînement « VAM » (Visuel-Auditif-Métaphonologique) les modalités visuelle et auditive. Ces deux entraînements proposent de façon commune des exercices destinés à développer la conscience phonologique (en particulier phonémique), la connaissance des lettres et des associations lettres/sons. Cependant, le travail sur l'identité des lettres est basé sur une exploration visuo-haptique et haptique dans l'entraînement HVAM et sur une exploration seulement visuelle dans l'entraînement VAM. Les performances sont mesurées avant et après les entraînements par deux épreuves destinées à évaluer la compréhension et l'utilisation du principe alphabétique (tests de lecture de pseudo-mots et de connaissance des lettres) et par trois épreuves de conscience phonologique. Les résultats révèlent une amélioration de la lecture de pseudomots plus importante après l'entraînement HVAM qu'après l'entraînement VAM. Par ailleurs, une amélioration similaire après les deux entraînements est observée dans les autres tests. L'ajout de la modalité haptique dans de tels entraînements semble amplifier leurs effets bénéfiques sur le niveau de lecture des enfants. Ces résultats peuvent s'expliquer par les différentes spécificités fonctionnelles des modalités sensorielles sollicitées.
Mots-clés : apprentissage de la lecture, haptique et métaphonologie.
Evolution conceptuelle de la théorie des buts d'accomplissement dans le domaine du sport
Authors: Cury F. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
L'objet principal de cet article était de démontrer la pertinence théorique et la validité empirique du modèle tridimensionnel dans le cadre de l'étude de la motivation d'accomplissement sportive. En particulier, sont présentés : 1/ les fondements conceptuels de la théorie des buts d'accomplissement, 2/ les bases théoriques à l'origine du modèle tridimensionnel et sa validation empirique dans le domaine du sport, 3/ les facteurs personnels et environnementaux conduisant à l'adoption des buts, 4 /I les relations entre les trois buts et la motivation intrinsèque sportive, et 5/ les relations entre les trois buts et les conduites d'apprentissage du sportif.
Mots clés : buts d'évitement de la performance, buts d'approche de la performance, buts de maîtrise, motivation d'accomplissement sportive.
Effets de la fréquence du voisinage orthographique interlangue lors de la reconnaissance visuelle de mots chez les bilingues
Authors: Font Noëlle , Lavaur J.-M. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Nous avons manipulé la fréquence du voisinage orthographique interlangue dans une tâche de décision lexicale monolingue et de décision de langue. Dans la décision lexicale, les bilingues français/espagnol traitent plus lentement des mots qui possèdent un voisin orthographique plus fréquent dans l'autre langue (voisins orthographiques interlangues) que des mots spécifiques à une seule langue, à la fois dans les listes françaises et espagnoles. Pour les deux langues, nous obtenons des ralentissements similaires pour les voisins orthographiques interlangues dans la tâche de décision de langue. Les résultats sont interprétés dans le cadre du modèle d'Activation Interactive Bilingue (BIA).
Mots clés : bilinguisme, reconnaissance visuelle de mots, voisins orthographiques interlangues, mots spécifiques.
Vieillissement et raisonnement : une approche multifactorielle
Authors: Lauverjat Fabienne , Pennequin Valérie , Fontaine Roger 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Cette étude tente de comprendre les déterminants à la fois cognitifs et non cognitifs des effets du vieillissement sur une tâche de raisonnement déductif, ainsi que leur contribution respective dans la prédiction de ces performances. 60 personnes âgées de 60 à 98 ans ont participé à cette étude. Les principaux résultats mettent en avant l'importance de facteurs environnementaux dans les capacités de raisonnement des personnes âgées, et leurs interactions avec les facteurs cognitifs de mémoire de travail et de vitesse de traitement de l'information.
Mots clés : vieillissement, intelligence fluide, facteurs environnementaux, ressources cognitives.
L'utilisation des contrastes dans l'analyse des données : Comment tester les hypothèses spécifiques dans la recherche en psychologie ?
Authors: Brauer Markus , McClelland Gary 
Published: November 2007

Summary : The use of contrasts in data analysis : How to test specific hypotheses in psychological research
Omnibus tests with multiple degrees of freedom test relatively vague questions whereas most hypotheses that we derive from our theoretical models make quite precise predictions. In order to respond to this level of precision, we suggest to test specific contrasts rather than to perform omnibus tests. Two conditions have to be satisfied before one can claim that a given contrast is a parsimonious description of the observed means : 1/ the contrast itself has to explain a significant part of the variance, and 2/ if one statistically controls for the effects of this contrast, the residual variance has to be non-significant. Using specific examples, this article presents the analyses that allow researchers to test these two conditions in different experimental designs.
Key words : contrast, omnibus test, residual variance, degree of freedom.
L'expertise dans la lecture musicale : intégration intermodale
Authors: Drai-Zerbib Véronique , Baccino Thierry 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Expertise in musical reading : cross-modal integration
This article presents an experiment using eye-tracking analysis to describe the role of expertise in musical sight-reading, particularly, the construction of a retrieval structure (Ericsson and Kintsch, 1995) able to simplify access to musical knowledge. First, participants had to listen to piano scores and then to read and perform the score. Two versions of scores were used : with or without slurs either during the listening phase (auditory modality) or during the reading phase (visual modality). Results show that skilled readers have very low sensitivity to the written form of the score and instead reactivate a representation of the musical passage from the material listened to. In contrast, less skilled readers (novices) seem to be very dependent on the written code and on the input modality (auditory vs visual) and must build a new representation based on visual cues. Findings are analysed according to the C/I model of text comprehension (Kintsch, 1998) and theory of long term working memory (Ericsson and Kintsch, 1995).
Connaissance du contexte et anticipation posturale chez l'enfant au cours du développement
Authors: Jover Marianne , Mellier Daniel 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Influence of knowledge in postural anticipation in children during development
This article examines research on the development of anticipatory postural adjustment (APA). We present first a definition of APA in which the differentiate anticipation of events depending whether there are internal (selfinduced) or external. Studies on the development of APA centered on anticipation of self-inflicted postural destabilization show a progressive integration, in the feed-forward control of posture, of postural perturbations associated to the movement. The development of postural anticipation of an external event requires the subject to know the event's characteristics (for example, the weight of an object to catch). The development of this anticipation during childhood raises several hypotheses about the links between knowledge of context and postural anticipation.
Shape Selectivity in Adsorption of n‐ and Iso‐alkanes on a Zeotile‐2 Microporous/Mesoporous Hybrid and Mesoporous MCM‐48
Authors: Devriese L. I. , Cools L. , Aerts A. , Martens J. A. , Baron G. V. , Denayer J. F. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe adsorption of linear and branched C5–C9 alkanes in the temperature range 50–250 °C on mesoporous MCM‐48 material and its microporous/mesoporous variant Zeotile‐2 at low surface coverage is investigated using the pulse chromatographic technique. On MCM‐48, the differences in adsorption between linear and branched alkanes are merely a result of differences in volatility, indicating that the MCM‐48 material does not present shape‐selective adsorption sites. On Zeotile‐2, there is a preferential adsorption of linear over branched alkanes. The difference arises from a difference in adsorption entropy rather than enthalpy. Upon their adsorption on Zeotile‐2 branched alkanes lose relatively more entropy than their linear isomers do. Zeolitic molecular pockets embedded in the walls of the mesoporous Zeotile‐2 impose steric constraints on the bulky isoalkanes. Zeotile‐2 combines adsorption properties from microporous and mesoporous materials. Compared to the nitrogen molecule, linear and branched C5–C9 alkanes are superior probes for investigating micropores and micropockets in hierarchical materials.
Polymer‐Fulleren‐Solarzellen
Authors: Thompson Barry C. , Fréchet Jean M. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNichtfossile Energien wie die Sonnenenergie stehen zunehmend im Mittelpunkt unterschiedlichster Forschungsfelder. Vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Entwicklung preiswerter und leichter Photovoltaikeinheiten bieten organische Polymere, die eine einfache Fertigung der aktiven Schichten durch Verfahren in Lösung ermöglichen. Die Funktion derartiger excitonischer Solarzellen beruht auf dem photoinduzierten Elektronentransfer von einem Donor zu einem Akzeptor. Ein mittlerweile sehr verbreitetes Akzeptormaterial sind Fullerene, die sich durch eine hohe Elektronenaffinität und einen effizienten Ladungstransport auszeichnen. Am effektivsten sind solche Solarzellen als bikontinuierliches Polymer‐Fulleren‐Komposit, auch als Heteroübergang bezeichnet. Die zurzeit besten derartigen Solarzellen erreichen einen Wirkungsgrad von etwa 5 %; um anwendungs‐ und markttaugliche Systeme zu erhalten, muss jedoch erst das komplexe Wechselspiel zwischen der Morphologie der aktiven Schicht und ihren elektronischen Eigenschaften deutlich besser verstanden werden.
Stearic acid surface modifying Mg(OH)2: Mechanism and its effect on properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/Mg(OH)2 composites
Authors: Huang Honghai , Tian Ming , Yang Jian , Li Hongxia , Liang Wenli , Zhang Liqun , Li Xiaolin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this article, FTIR spectra and ESEM images were employed to evaluate the effect of stearic acid surface modification of Mg(OH)2. As a result, the absorbing peak intensity of organic group on Mg(OH)2 increased with the coating amount of stearic acid increasing and there was no so‐called surface saturation as expected. The results indicated stearic acid surface treatment of Mg(OH)2 belonged to the acid–base reaction between stearic acid and Mg(OH)2, and it would not stop until Mg(OH)2 was reacted completely. In addition, stearic acid surface treatment of Mg(OH)2 had remarkable influence on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/Mg(OH)2 composites. With the increasing coating amount of stearic acid, the composites had decreased tensile strength, increased elongation at break, and deteriorated flame retardancy, compared with the composites filled with the uncoated Mg(OH)2. However, stearic acid surface treatment of Mg(OH)2 benefited processing ability of composites, and the composites had better processing ability as the coating amount of stearic acid increased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Nonlinear imaging study of extracellular matrix in chemical‐induced, developmental dissecting aortic aneurysm: Evidence for defective collagen type III
Authors: Gong Bin , Sun Ju , Vargas Grace , Chang Qing , Xu Ya , Srivastava Deepak , Boor Paul J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Using a recent model of dissecting aortic aneurysm (DAA) caused by in utero exposure to semicarbazide, we examined the elastin and collagen using standard methods and two nonlinear imaging techniques, multiphoton fluorescence (MPF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy.METHODS:Sprague‐Dawley rat dams were given semicarbazide (6.13 mg/kg/day i.p.) from gestational days 14 to 20 (GD14–20). Fetuses were harvested on GD20 and pups on postnatal day 1 (PND1), PND7, and PND28; matched controls were from dams treated with saline. Aortic immunohistopathology and collagen/elastin signal intensity via MPF and SHG microscopy at an excitation wavelength of 800 nm were studied.RESULTS:Massive DAA of the aortic arch occurred in nearly 100% of pups at birth (i.e., no GD20 fetuses showed lesions). MPF and SHG demonstrated that collagen was significantly degraded at GD20 and in newborns, but normalized by PND28. GD20 fetuses and newborn pups showed a decreased content of medial and adventitial collagen type III in pooled aortas by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. In 7‐ and 28‐day‐old pups resolution of DAA blood in vascular media and a recovery of stainable collagen type III was found. Elastin in healed DAA (PND28 pups) was focally disorganized.CONCLUSION:MPF and SHG microscopy provide sensitive and high‐resolution information on aortic elastin and collagen. In this model of DAA, collagen displays aberrant imaging quality likely linked to a marked decrease in collagen type III in the developing extracellular matrix. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Police practices and perceptions regarding juvenile interrogation and interrogative suggestibility
Authors: Meyer Jessica R. , Reppucci N. Dickon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecent media coverage has highlighted cases in which young suspects were wrongly convicted because they provided interrogation‐induced false confessions. Although youth may be more highly suggestible and easily influenced by authority than adults, police are trained to use the same psychologically coercive and deceptive tactics with youth as with adults. This investigation is the first standard documentation of the reported interrogation practices of law enforcement and police beliefs about the reliability of these techniques and their knowledge of child development. Participants were 332 law enforcement officers who completed surveys about interrogation procedures and developmental issues pertaining to youth. Results indicated that, while police acknowledge some developmental differences between youth and adults, there were indications that (1) how police perceive youth in general and how they perceive and treat them in the interrogation context may be contradictory and (2) their general view is that youth can be dealt with in the same manner as adults. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoracic aneurysm repair: Managing severe tortuosity with brachiofemoral traction
Authors: Lioupis Christos , Medda Massimo , Inglese Luigi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChallenging anatomy of the thoracic aorta is often encountered, and aortic tortuosity may be a major impediment to the propulsion of the stent‐graft. Traction on both ends of a guidewire, with one end exiting the right upper extremity and the other end exiting the lower extremity, is an excellent option to manage thoracic aorta tortuosity. Careful application of simple guidelines may lessen associated risks and improve safety. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereocontrolled Intramolecular Aziridination of Glycals: Ready Access to Aminoglycosides and Mechanistic Insights from DFT Studies
Authors: Lorpitthaya Rujee , Xie Zhi‐Zhong , Kuo Jer‐Lai , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractStereocontrolled intramolecular aziridination of the glycal‐derived sulfamates offers a highly efficient strategy to divergently prepare aminoglycosides. Rhodium‐catalyzed nitrogen‐atom transfer to CC bonds formed semistable aziridines, which were subjected to various nucleophiles (C, O, S, and N) to give cyclic sulfamate‐containing aminosugar derivatives selectively. The second nucleophilic displacement of sulfonyloxy moieties of [1,2,3]‐oxathiazepane‐2,2‐ dioxides allows straightforward access to aminoglycosides with selective α‐ or β‐linkages. This approach is operationally simple, complements existing methods, and is a versatile protocol for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized amino sugars. In addition, the mechanism of the rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular aziridination of glycals and its ring‐opening reaction was extensively studied by using DFT calculations.
Asymmetric Synthetic Access to the Hetisine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Nominine
Authors: Peese Kevin M. , Gin David Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA dual cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of the hetisine alkaloids has been developed, illustrated by a concise asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐nominine (7). The approach relies on an early‐stage intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a 4‐oxido‐isoquinolinium betaine dipole with an ene–nitrile dipolarophile. Subsequent late‐stage pyrrolidine‐induced dienamine isomerization/Diels–Alder cascade allows for rapid construction of the carbonnitrogen polycyclic skeleton within this class of C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids.
The contingent influence of organizational capabilities on proactive environmental strategy in the service sector: An analysis of North American and European ski resorts
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Aragón‐Correa J. Alberto , Rueda‐Manzanares Antonio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOur study of 134 North American and European ski resorts examines the influence of externally focused organizational capabilities on the generation of proactive environmental strategies under contingent effects of uncertainty in the general business environment. We find that the capabilities of strategic proactivity and continuous innovation are associated with proactive environmental strategies. Managerial perceptions of uncertainty in the general business environment moderate the deployment of the capability of continuous innovation at all levels of uncertainty and stakeholder engagement at low and average levels of uncertainty. The study contributes to the resource‐based view (RBV) by illuminating an important contingency under which capabilities are likely to be deployed to generate a proactive corporate strategy. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of miconazole 50‐mg mucoadhesive buccal tablets with miconazole 500‐mg gel in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis
Authors: Bensadoun Rene‐Jean , Daoud Jamel , El Gueddari Brahim , Bastit Laurent , Gourmet Rene , Rosikon Andrzej , Allavena Christophe , Céruse Philippe , Calais Gilles , Attali Pierre 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Topical antifungal treatments are recommended but rarely used as first‐line therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients with cancer. Miconazole Lauriad 50‐mg mucoadhesive buccal tablet (MBT) Loramyc reportedly delivered rapid and prolonged, effective concentrations of miconazole in the mouth. The objective of the current study was to compare MBT with miconazole 500‐mg oral gel (MOG) in patients with head and neck cancer.METHODS.Two hundred eighty‐two patients with head and neck cancer received a 14‐day treatment of either single‐dose MBT or MOG administered in 4 divided doses. The primary endpoint was clinical success at Day 14, and secondary endpoints included clinical success at Day 7, clinical cure, improvement in clinical symptoms, mycologic cure, recurrence rate, and safety.RESULTS.The success rate was statistically not inferior (P < .0001) in the MBT population to the rate observed in the MOG group (56% vs 49%, respectively; P < .0001). After adjustment for the extent of lesions and salivary secretions, a trend toward superiority was observed in favor of MBT (P = .13), particularly among patients with multiple lesions (P = .013). Results for secondary endpoints were comparable to those observed for the primary endpoint. Compliance with MBT was excellent, and >80% of patients completed treatment. Both treatments were safe.CONCLUSIONS.The success rate of MBT Loramyc was significantly not inferior to that of MOG in the treatment of cancer patients with OPC; and, after adjusting for prognostic variables, it was more effective than MOG. MBT was well tolerated and, thus, may be recommended as first‐line treatment in cancer patients who have OPC as an alternative to systemic antifungal agents. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.