bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble quantum computation and algorithmic cooling in optical lattices
Authors: Popp M. , Vollbrecht K.G.H. , Cirac J.I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe show how to perform universal quantum computation with atoms confined in optical lattices which works both in the presence of defects and without individual addressing. We further present a scheme for cooling atoms close to the ground state of the Mott‐insulator regime. This method is based on a similar set of operations as for ensemble quantum computation and aims at cooling to temperatures which are low enough for the experimental realization of quantum simulation in present setups.
Plasticity of the coordination sphere of Ag2+
Authors: Grochala Wojciech 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe geometric distortions of the ligand environment around Ag2+ cations have been examined for over 20 structurally characterized fluorides of Ag2+. Divalent silver is subject to a strong Jahn–Teller effect and it is most frequently found in an elongated or a compressed octahedral site. Typical Ag–F bond lengths vary from 2.34 to 2.60 Å (axial, R ax) and from 2.01 to 2.11 Å (equatorial, R eq) for the elongated octahedral site. The corresponding values for the compressed octahedral coordination are 2.00–2.09 Å (R ax) and 2.20–2.42 Å (R eq). The ellipsoidal Ag2+ cation exhibits significant plasticity of its coordination sphere, similar to its lighter d9 congener, Cu2+: the dependence of R eq vs. R ax is inverse and monotonic. The Jahn–Teller distortion parameter D (=R ax/R eq) takes values from 0.83 to 1.29, with the forbidden range from 0.94 to 1.11 (close to ideal octahedron). Novel parametrization and subsequent analysis of the valence bond sums reveal that selected compounds of Ag2+ require careful structural re‐examination. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of sequential lithium insertions on the physical properties of spinel manganese oxide
Authors: Ning Liancai , Wu Jinping , Zhou Chenggang , Yao Shujuan , Pi Zhenbang , Cheng Hansong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe present first principles studies based on density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the lithium intercalation process in spinel manganese oxide compound. The lattice volume change, energetics, and insertion voltage were systematically examined upon sequential lithium insertions into the lattice. The charge transfer mechanism upon lithium intercalation was studied by analyzing the calculated spectra of density of states. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Ab initio quantum chemical studies of the reactions of CF3CFHO2 with HO2
Authors: Zhang Weichao , Du Benni 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe potential energy surface (PES) for the CF3CFHO2+HO2 reaction has been theoretically investigated using the DFT [B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)] and B3LYP/6‐311++G(3df,3pd)//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) levels of theory. Both singlet and triplet PESs are investigated. The reaction mechanism on the triplet surface is simple. It is revealed that the formation of CF3CFHOOH+3O2 is the dominant channel on the triplet surface. On the basis of the ab initio data, the total rate constants for the reaction CF3CFHO2+HO2 in the T = 210–500 K range have been computed using conventional transition state theory with Wigner's tunneling correction and have been fitted by a rate constant expression as k = 1.04 ×10−12(cm3 molecule−1 s−1) exp (700.33/T). Calculated transition state rate constants with Wigner's tunneling correction for the reaction CF3CFHO2+HO2 are in good agreement with the available experimental values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Theoretical study in [C2H4–Tl]+ and [C2H2–Tl]+ complexes
Authors: Mendizabal Fernando , Olea‐Azar Claudio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe studied the attraction between [C2Hn] and Tl(I) in the hypothetical [C2Hn–Tl]+ complexes (n = 2,4) using ab initio methodology. We found that the changes around the equilibrium distance C–Tl and in the interaction energies are sensitive to the electron correlation potential. We evaluated these effects using several levels of theory, including Hartree–Fock (HF), second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2), MP4, coupled cluster singles and doubles CCSD(T), and local density approximation augmented by nonlocal corrections for exchange and correlation due to Becke and Perdew (LDA/BP). The obtained interaction energies differences at the equilibrium distance Re (C–Tl) range from 33 and 46 kJ/mol at the different levels used. These results indicate that the interaction between olefinic systems and Tl(I) are a real minimum on the potential energy surfaces (PES). We can predict that these new complexes are viable for synthesizing. At long distances, the behavior of the [C2Hn]–Tl+ interaction may be related mainly to charge‐induced dipole and dispersion terms, both involving the individual properties of the olefinic π‐system and thallium ion. However, the charge‐induced dipole term (R−4) is found as the principal contribution in the stability at long and short distances. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Das Zügelgurt‐Fachwerk der Muldebrücke Wurzen
Authors: Reintjes Karl‐Heinz , Gebert Gregor 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDie neue Muldequerung Wurzen im Zuge der B 6 hat eine Gesamtlänge von 530 m und unterteilt sich in die 215 m lange Flußbrücke und die 315 m lange Vorlandbrücke. Spezielle Randbedingungen hinsichtlich der Trassierung und des Hochwasserschutzes sowie hohe gestalterische Ansprüche haben zu einer außergewöhnlichen Lösung für die Flußbrücke geführt. Das gewählte Fachwerk in Zügelgurtform ist im Mittelstreifen angeordnet und folgt der gekrümmten Trassierung. Der Aufsatz beschreibt den Prozeß der Lösungsfindung und geht ausführlich auf die statischen und konstruktiven Besonderheiten der Flußbrücke ein. Des weiteren werden Hinweise zu möglichen Modifizierungen und zum Potential der Konstruktion gegeben.
The co‐occurrence of adolescent boys’ and girls’ use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships
Authors: Sears Heather A. , Sandra Byers E. , Lisa Price E. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTWe examined the co‐occurrence of and risk factors for adolescent boys’ and girls’ self‐reported use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships. The participants were 324 boys and 309 girls in grades 7, 9, or 11 who completed surveys at school. Descriptive analyses showed that 19% of boys and 26% of girls reported having used two or more forms of dating violence. One third of students in grade 7 had already used at least one form of aggressive behaviour in this context.Canonical correlation analyses indicated that boys’ and girls’ use of multiple forms of dating violence were predicted by their attitudes toward and experiences with violence. After controlling for general abusiveness, boys’ use of sexually abusive behaviour and girls’ use of psychologically abusive behaviour were linked to specific risk factors that suggest an enactment of social scripts associated with their respective gender roles.
Brief Report: Binge drinking among high‐risk male and female adolescents in Israel
Authors: Isralowitz Richard , Reznik Alex 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTA major factor attributed to the problem and consequences of underage alcohol use is binge drinking. The objective of this study was to examine binge drinking and other alcohol‐related problem behaviour among high‐risk male and female adolescents who were from alternative schools and programs because of learning and/or behaviour problems. Self‐report data were collected from a purposive sample of 917 adolescents in Israel who ranged from 12 to 18 years. Binge drinking during the last 30 days prior to the survey was reported by 33% of males and 23% of females . Results of other alcohol‐related behaviour showed gender status not related to being in a car when the driver had been drinking (12%) or having driven a car or motorcycle after drinking (5%). Multiple regression analysis showed binge drinking related to what a youth does with time; a decline in relations with family members; selling drugs; and, having been in a serious fight during the last 12 months. Country of origin, i.e. born in Israel or the Former Soviet Union, was not found linked to binge drinking. Further research of binge drinking and alcohol‐related problem behaviour among high‐risk youth is important so that it can be applied to immediate and longstanding prevention efforts.
Acute heart failure associated with high admission blood pressure — A distinct vascular disorder?
Authors: Milo‐Cotter Olga , Adams Kirkwood F. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Uriel Nir , Kaluski Edo , Felker G. Michael , Weatherley Beth , Vered Zvi , Cotter Gad 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundAlthough blood pressure (BP) is elevated in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), first admission BP has not been meticulously recorded before treatment in previous studies.MethodsDuring three consecutive months, all AHF admissions (335 patients) to a city hospital which provides the sole inpatient medical service for approximately 500,000 people were registered. First BP was recorded before treatment at the first patient encounter in the ambulance or the emergency room.ResultsMean BP at admission was 164±38/88±22 mm Hg. Mean BP in the highest quartile was 212±22/115±13 mm Hg. Patients with higher baseline BP had higher ejection fraction (highest versus lowest quartile 48±13% vs. 33±14%, p<0.001), less atrial fibrillation (18% vs. 42%, p=0.001) as well as lower mean urea and higher mean haemoglobin. The apparently more favourable baseline characteristics in patients with higher admission BP did not translate into lower morbidity – the rate of worsening heart failure – was not related to admission BP. However, 6 month mortality was lower in patients with higher admission BP (4% vs. 19.3%, p=0.002).ConclusionsBlood pressure is elevated substantially at the onset of AHF. The different characteristics and outcome of patients admitted with high‐BP associated AHF suggest that this presentation may be a specific disorder related to a distinct yet unknown pathophysiological mechanism.
Late Holocene sea-level changes and isostasy in western Denmark
Authors: Gehrels W. Roland , Szkornik Katie , Bartholdy Jesper , Kirby Jason R. , Bradley Sarah L. , Marshall William A. , Heinemeier Jan , Pedersen Jørn B.T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCores and exposed cliff sections in salt marshes around Ho Bugt, a tidal embayment in the northernmost part of the Danish Wadden Sea, were subjected to14C dating and litho- and biostratigraphical analyses to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes and to establish a late Holocene relative sea-level history. Four stages in the late Holocene development of Ho Bugt can be identified: (1) groundwater-table rise and growth of basal peat (from at least 2300 BC to AD 0); (2) salt-marsh formation (0 to AD 250); (3) a freshening phase (AD 250 to AD 1600?), culminating in the drying out of the marshes and producing a distinct black horizon followed by an aeolian phase with sand deposition; and (4) renewed salt-marsh deposition (AD 1600? to present). From 16 calibrated AMS radiocarbon ages on fossil plant fragments and 4 calibrated conventional radiocarbon ages on peat, we reconstructed a local relative sea-level history that shows a steady sea-level rise of 4 m since 4000 cal yr BP. Contrary to suggestions made in the literature, the relative sea-level record of Ho Bugt does not contain a late Holocene highstand. Relative sea-level changes at Ho Bugt are controlled by glacio-isostatic subsidence and can be duplicated by a glacial isostatic adjustment model in which no water is added to the world's oceans after ca. 5000 cal yr BP.
LITERARY MURDER
Authors: MANKIN ROBERT 
Published: August 2006

John Brewer, The Pleasures of the Imagination. English Culture in the Eighteenth Century (London: HarperCollins, 1997)John Brewer, Sentimental Murder. Love and Madness in the Eighteenth Century (London: HarperCollins, 2004)Times have changed. Consider how George Orwell, in 1946, imagined the reader sitting down to a moment of pleasure.
Evaluation of psychosomatic stress in children by measuring salivary chromogranin A
Authors: Lee Tsubasa , Shimizu Toshiaki , Iijima Megumi , Obinata Kaoru , Yamashiro Yuichiro , Nagasawa Shingo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Aim: To investigate the usefulness of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol as stress markers, and the effects of distraction on the suppression of stress in children. Methods: We examined salivary CgA and cortisol responses before and after venipuncture in hospitalized children with and without distraction using a kaleidoscope. Results: Salivary CgA levels immediately after venipuncture were significantly higher than those immediately before it, and at 60 min after venipuncture they were significantly lower than those immediately after it. However, salivary cortisol showed no significant differences at any of the three time points. In contrast, distracted by the kaleidoscope, there were no significant differences in salivary CgA and cortisol levels at all three time points.Conclusion: In children, salivary CgA level is a useful marker of stress. As an index of the effect of distraction, the measurement of salivary CgA is useful.
Evaluation and comparison of gene clustering methods in microarray analysis
Authors: Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Mukhopadhyay Indranil , Zheng Xiaojing , Tseng George C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Microarray technology has been widely applied in biological and clinical studies for simultaneous monitoring of gene expression in thousands of genes. Gene clustering analysis is found useful for discovering groups of correlated genes potentially co-regulated or associated to the disease or conditions under investigation. Many clustering methods including hierarchical clustering, K-means, PAM, SOM, mixture model-based clustering and tight clustering have been widely used in the literature. Yet no comprehensive comparative study has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods.
Results: In this paper, six gene clustering methods are evaluated by simulated data from a hierarchical log-normal model with various degrees of perturbation as well as four real datasets. A weighted Rand index is proposed for measuring similarity of two clustering results with possible scattered genes (i.e. a set of noise genes not being clustered). Performance of the methods in the real data is assessed by a predictive accuracy analysis through verified gene annotations. Our results show that tight clustering and model-based clustering consistently outperform other clustering methods both in simulated and real data while hierarchical clustering and SOM perform among the worst. Our analysis provides deep insight to the complicated gene clustering problem of expression profile and serves as a practical guideline for routine microarray cluster analysis.
Contact: ctseng@pitt.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PYCHEM: a multivariate analysis package for python
Authors: Jarvis Roger M. , Broadhurst David , Johnson Helen , O'Boyle Noel M. , Goodacre Royston 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Summary: We have implemented a multivariate statistical analysis toolbox, with an optional standalone graphical user interface (GUI), using the Python scripting language. This is a free and open source project that addresses the need for a multivariate analysis toolbox in Python. Although the functionality provided does not cover the full range of multivariate tools that are available, it has a broad complement of methods that are widely used in the biological sciences. In contrast to tools like MATLAB, PyChem 2.0.0 is easily accessible and free, allows for rapid extension using a range of Python modules and is part of the growing amount of complementary and interoperable scientific software in Python based upon SciPy. One of the attractions of PyChem is that it is an open source project and so there is an opportunity, through collaboration, to increase the scope of the software and to continually evolve a user-friendly platform that has applicability across a wide range of analytical and post-genomic disciplines.
Availability:
Contact: Roger.Jarvis@manchester.ac.uk or admin@pychem.org.uk
Supplementary information: Further information is available from the project home page at whilst details of data generation are available at
BREASTS ARE BACK! COLETTE'S CRITIQUE OF FLAPPER FASHION
Authors: Freadman Anne 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
This paper focuses on Colette's writing for the periodical press, particularly her writing on fashion, and sets out to discuss it in terms of its capacity to effect the high purposes of satire. Its method of reading is contextualizing, rather than immanent — it brings it into relation with a number of issues on which it bears: the history of fashion, the history of the body, generational change, the visual determinants of the fashions of the early twentieth century. Although humour is prominent, Colette is not content merely to make jokes. Ancient satire, which derives from the rhetoric of praise and blame, is the source of literary and art criticism, and Colette borrows both its modes and its vocation to elevate fashion writing to the level of cultural critique. Moralistic, it teaches something about social mores by making fun of them. Hence, Colette makes us laugh at the fact that fashion affects not only clothes, but bodies; style fashions the body and hence the self.
Loss of Trigeminal Sensitivity Reduces Olfactory Function
Authors: Husner Alexander , Frasnelli Johannes , Welge‐Lüssen Antje , Reiss Gilfe , Zahnert Thomas , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe trigeminal and olfactory nerves share overlapping innervation areas in the nasal cavity and seem to work in an interactive way. Loss of olfactory function leads to a decreased trigeminal sensitivity, as shown in anosmic subjects. To report the impact of disturbed trigeminal sensitivity on the olfactory function, we present a patient with unilateral loss of trigeminal function resulting from a meningeoma. Thresholds to a selective olfactory stimulus were elevated by a factor of 64 on the affected side. Recordings of event‐related potentials in response to olfactory stimuli showed a significantly reduced response on the affected side. This report indicates that loss of trigeminal function may affect the sense of smell.
Intraparotid Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Head and Neck Melanoma
Authors: Loree Thom R. , Tomljanovich Paul I. , Cheney Richard T. , Hicks Wesley L. , Rigual Nestor R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective: The objective of this retrospective clinical review was to assess the safety and accuracy of intraparotid sentinel node biopsy in patients with melanoma.Setting. This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.Patients: Twenty‐eight patients with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck undergoing sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in which the radionuclide localized to the parotid gland on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy were studied.Methods: All patients underwent wide local excision of the tumor and intraparotid sentinel node biopsy using intraoperative gamma probe localization.Results: There were 25 men and 3 women ranging in age from 34 to 81 years. The primary site was on the auricle in 14 patients: temple, 4; forehead, 5; cheek, 3; and on the neck in 2 patients, respectively. The mean Breslow thickness was 2.3 mm (range, 0.9–7.0 mm). In 27 of 28 patients, an intraparotid SLN was identified. In one patient, final pathology did not reveal lymphoid tissue despite a high count in the parotid tissue excised. Median number of SLN per patient was two. Six patients had microscopic metastases in the SLN. In two of these patients, additional microscopic lymph node metastases were found in the neck after subsequent formal lymphadenectomy. The pathologic staging for the group (n = 14) was: stage 1B, 4; 2A, 4; stage 2B, 3; and stage 3B, 3 patients, respectively. All patients are alive and without evidence of disease (mean follow up, 31 months). There were no surgical complications, specifically no patient experienced temporary or permanent facial paralysis.Conclusion: Intraparotid SLN biopsy for staging cutaneous head and neck melanoma is a reliable, accurate, and safe procedure.
Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Tonsillectomy Specimens
Authors: Sisk Jamie , Schweinfurth John M. , Wang Xiaohong T. , Chong Kong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectives: The objectives of this prospective case–control study were to study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillectomy specimens from pediatric patients without recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and to study methods of HPV detection.Methods: Fifty pediatric patients without known RRP undergoing tonsillectomy for hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis were enrolled in the study. After tonsillectomy, a 20‐mg section was subjected to DNA extraction, and DNA content and purity were confirmed with spectrophotometry. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using consensus primer pools PGMY 09/11 targeted at the L1 region. Amplification products were detected and analyzed with standard agarose gel electrophoresis. Positive samples were then subjected to reverse line blot assay to determine virus genotype. Laryngeal papilloma specimens of 15 patients obtained during routine debulking procedures were also analyzed and served as positive controls.Results: Of 50 tonsil samples tested, two were positive for HPV DNA after PCR and gel electrophoresis. One of these samples was confirmed with typing and tested positive for HPV 11. All 15 papilloma specimens were positive for DNA of HPV types 6 and/or 11.Conclusions: In the current study, the prevalence of HPV DNA in tonsillar tissue of patients without RRP is 2%, whereas the incidence of this disease is 2 to 4 cases per 100,000 (0.004%). These findings are significantly different (P = .005 within a 95% confidence interval) suggesting that host factors in addition to infection play a role in pathogenesis of RRP. The molecular methods described in this study are well suited for detection of HPV in tonsillar tissue.
Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures: A Review of 96 Cases
Authors: Gossman David G. , Archer Sanford M. , Arosarena Oneida 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectives: The optimal treatment algorithm for frontal sinus fracture management remains ill‐defined. The purpose of the study was to classify fracture types, review management methods, document associated injuries, and identify complications associated with various treatment options.Study Design: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review evaluating a 13‐year experience with frontal sinus fracture management.Methods: Complete medical records of 96 frontal sinus fracture patients treated by the University of Kentucky Otolaryngology Service from 1990 to 2003 were reviewed.Results: The average patient age was 39 years. Fifty percent of the fractures involved the anterior table of the frontal sinus alone, and 50% involved both anterior and posterior tables. Forty‐seven percent of the injuries were managed with observation, whereas 50% of patients underwent surgical repair. In the surgical group, 60% underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), 23% had a cranialization procedure, and 17% underwent sinus obliteration. The average length of follow up was 9 months. Complications occurred in 17% of the patients (5% in the nonsurgical group and 12% in the surgical group).Conclusion: Our results support conservative management of nondisplaced or minimally displaced fractures based on the low complication rate seen in this series. Significant bone displacement can frequently be managed with simple ORIF. Complex fractures affecting the orbit or intracranial contents require cranialization or possibly obliteration. A subset of patients with suspected frontal sinus outflow obstruction can be considered for observation or simple ORIF with close follow up and endoscopic repair if outflow complications manifest.