bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of Organoarsenicals by Means of Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (ZIC®‐HILIC) and Parallel ICP‐MS/ESI‐MS Detection
Authors: Xie D. , Mattusch J. , Wennrich R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn analytical scheme was developed for the separation and detection of organoarsenicals using a zwitterionic stationary phase of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC®‐HILIC) coupled in parallel to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and to inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS). The optimization of separation and detection for organoarsenicals was mainly focused on the influence of the percentage of acetonitrile (MeCN) used as a major component of the mobile phase. Isocratic and gradient elution was applied by varying the MeCN percentage from 78 % to 70 % MeCN and 22 % to 30 % of an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (125 mM NH4Ac; pH 8.3) on a ZIC®‐HILIC column (150 × 2.1 mm id, 3.5 μm), to allow for the separation and successful detection of nine organoarsenicals (i.e., 3‐nitro‐4‐hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (roxarsone, Rox), phenylarsonic acid (PAA), p‐arsanilic acid (p‐ASA), phenylarsine oxide (PAO), dimethylarsinate (DMA), methylarsonate (MMA), arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenocholine (AsC) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO)) within 45 min. All analytes were prepared in the mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase, the splitting ratio between ICP‐MS and ESI‐MS detection, and the oxygen addition were adapted to ensure that there appeared a stably burning inductively coupled plasma. Furthermore, the analytical method was evaluated by the identification and quantification of AsB in the reference material DORM‐2 (dogfish muscle) resulting in a 95‐% recovery with respect to the AsB concentration in the extract.
A Two‐stage CSTR Cascade for Studying the Effect of Inhibitory and Toxic Substances in Bioprocesses
Authors: Hortsch R. , Löser C. , Bley T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn some biotechnological processes like wastewater treatment and biotransformation, substances are involved which are inhibitory or even toxic to the microorganisms. Their presence changes the cell physiology or even acts lethal on the cells so that the process breaks down completely. For studying such processes, a two‐stage continuous‐flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) cascade was developed where the toxic substance is only supplied to the second reactor. Mathematical modeling of the system showed that identical steady‐state conditions can be established in both bioreactors of the two‐stage CSTR cascade when the dilution rate of the second reactor is twice as high as the dilution rate in the first reactor, provided that both reactors are fed with the same culture medium and possess an identical working volume. The theoretically derived concept was verified by cultivating Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 under glucose‐limited aerobic conditions. Independently of the dilution rates established (D1 in the range of 0.26 to 0.38 h–1 and D2 = 2·D1), the steady‐state values of the biomass, glucose and ethanol concentration were almost identical in both reactors. Moreover, the dynamic behavior after each stepwise change of the dilution rates was also identical in both reactors, which was detected by dissolved‐oxygen measurements. Finally, the system was applied to the whole‐cell biotransformation of ethyl 2‐chloro‐3‐oxo‐butanoate as an example.
Dynamics of Arsenic Species in Laboratory‐Scale Horizontal Subsurface‐Flow Constructed Wetlands Treating an Artificial Wastewater
Authors: Rahman K. Z. , Wiessner A. , Kuschk P. , Mattusch J. , Kästner M. , Müller R. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKnowledge regarding the dynamics of arsenic species and their interactions under gradient redox conditions in treatment wetlands is still insufficient. The aim of this investigation was to gain more information on the biotransformation of As and the dynamics of As species in horizontal subsurface‐flow constructed wetlands. Experiments were carried out in laboratory‐scale wetland systems, two planted with Juncus effusus and one unplanted, using an As‐containing artificial wastewater under defined organic C‐ and SO42–‐loading conditions. Immobilization of As was found in all systems under conditions of limited C, mainly due to adsorption and/or co‐precipitation. The removal efficiencies were substantially higher in the planted systems (60–70 %) as compared to the unplanted system (37 % on average). Immobilization under the conditions mentioned above appeared to decrease over time in all systems. At the beginning, the dosage of organic carbon immediately caused intensive microbial dissimilatory sulfate reduction in all systems (in the range of 85–95 %) and highly efficient removal of total arsenic (81–96 % on average). Later on, in this operation period, the intensity of sulfate reduction and simultaneous removal of As decreased, particularly in the planted wetlands (ranging from 30–46 %). One reason could be the re‐oxidation of reduced compounds due to oxygenation of the rhizosphere by the emergent wetland plants (helophytes). A significant amount of reduced As [As(III)] was found in the planted systems (> 75 % of total As) during the period of efficient microbial sulfate reduction, compared to the unplanted system (> 25 % of total As). The immobilization of arsenic was found to behave more stably in the planted beds than in the unplanted bed. Both systems (planted and unplanted) were suitable to treat wastewater containing As, particularly under sulfate reducing conditions. The unplanted system seemed to be more efficient regarding the immobilization of As, but the planted systems showed a better stability of immobilized As.
The anatomy of wood and bark of Scots Pine. A review of literature
Authors: Schultze‐Dewitz G. , Koch G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSince one and a half century are known in the frame of an actual wood research a lot of investigations on wood of the European‐domestic tree species Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), that are with regard to their occurrence and utilization the most important ones. With a monographic treatment of Norway spruce 20 years ago there could be compiled characteristic structural features of wood and bark. But for the most distributed tree species Common or Scots pine it does not happen anything like that. Thus selected references shall inform on the relevant knowledge of its wooden and cortical tissues which could be held in recent times among others by 15 Fellows of the International Academy of Wood Science (IAWS). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A dubious resurrection of Ochetophila Poepp. ex Endl. (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Tortosa R. D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe split off of Discaria nana and D. trinervis from the genus Discaria, recently made by Kellermann et al. (2005), is not accepted. The occurrence of specimens with morphological intermediacy between both species and D. chacaye, show that those species, that had been segregated into the genus Ochetophila, are closely related to the last species. Moreover, the entire margin of leaves and the petals well developed, considered synapomorphies of Ochetophila, are present in other species of Discaria. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Discrimination of Pinus eldarica Medw. and its two new species by epicuticular wax, lignin content, electrophoretic isozyme and activity of peroxidase
Authors: Shayanmehr F. , Jalali S. Gh. , Ghanati F. , Kartoolinejad D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMondell pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) is a rare and drought resistant pine, found naturally only in semi desert environment southeast of Tbilisi, Georgia, and has been probably introduced to Iran more than 800 years ago. This species has gradually altered both in shape and growth rate in Nashtifan‐Khaf, and generated two species nova which so called as ball shaped and conical, according to characteristics of their shape and smaller stature. This study was conducted to discriminate these species nova using epicuticular wax features and certain biochemical characteristics i.e., peroxidase electrophoretic pattern (PAGE), the activity of soluble (SPO), ionically (IPO) and covalently (CPO) wall‐bound fractions of peroxidase, lignin and total protein content. Observation via scanning electron microspopy showed differences that in adaxial and abaxial surface of needles, and also seed surface, in ball shaped type with the others. But none of the biochemical characteristics had significant difference in these three types. The electrophoretic analysis showed that the peroxidase isozyme is not suitable marker for discriminating the species nova from wild type, in spite of obvious micro‐ and macromorphological differences. Results of current study, propose the use of molecular markers and cytogenetic studies in order to specify cause of species nova occurrence in the study area. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphology and environment: geographic distribution, ecological disjunction, and morphological variation in Actinocephalus polyanthus (Bong.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae)
Authors: Trovó M. , Sano P. T. , Winkworth R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMost Brazilian Eriocaulaceae have highly restricted geographic distributions. Actinocephalus polyanthus (Bong.) Sano is one of the few widely distributed species; furthermore this distribution includes an interesting ecological disjunction. Actinocephalus polyanthus occurs in montane areas from northern Minas Gerais to Paraná, as well as coastal sand dune habitats in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In attempt to investigate whether there is any correlation between the ecological disjunction and the patterns of morphology exhibited by this species, eight populations were sampled covering the geographic distribution and the ecological disjunction. We used multivariate statistical methods (UPGMA, PCA and DF) to describe the morphology, and to verify its correlation with its distribution and habitat. We conclude that sand dune populations are morphologically different from the montane populations. The main difference in these plants is the robustness. The sand dune plants are significantly smaller than the plants from montane areas. We also verified that these populations have a morphological identity. The occurrence of this species in such diverse environments may reflect the morphological diversity of the various populations of the species, and may be the primary cause of the difference in these populations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Insights on a sign‐preserving numerical method for the advection–diffusion equation
Authors: Sousa E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper we explore theoretically and numerically the application of the advection transport algorithm introduced by Smolarkiewicz to the one‐dimensional unsteady advection–diffusion equation. The scheme consists of a sequence of upwind iterations, where the initial iteration is the first‐order accurate upwind scheme, while the subsequent iterations are designed to compensate for the truncation error of the preceding step. Two versions of the method are discussed. One, the classical version of the method, regards the second‐order terms of the truncation error and the other considers additionally the third‐order terms. Stability and convergence are discussed and the theoretical considerations are illustrated through numerical tests. The numerical tests will also indicate in which situations are advantageous to use the numerical methods presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of long‐term exposure to ramelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist, on endocrine function in adults with chronic insomnia
Authors: Richardson Gary , Wang‐Weigand Sherry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of ramelteon, an MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor agonist used to treat insomnia, on endocrine function in adults with chronic insomnia.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, trial of adults (18–45 years) with chronic insomnia. Subjects received either ramelteon 16 mg or placebo nightly for 6 months. Hormonal measures of the thyroid, reproductive, and adrenal axes were analyzed monthly and compared with baseline and placebo values.ResultsWhile isolated changes were detected at some time points, there were no consistent statistically significant differences between treatments on measures of thyroid function (total T4, free T4, TSH, and total T3), adrenal function (AM cortisol, and ACTH), or on most reproductive endocrine measures [LH, FSH, estradiol (women), total, and free testosterone (men)]. Prolactin concentrations were increased overall in women in the ramelteon group compared with placebo (p = 0.003). No clinical effects of elevated prolactin were reported; average menstrual cycle length, duration of menses, and ovulation probability did not differ between groups.ConclusionsLong‐term exposure to ramelteon 16 mg, a potent melatonin receptor agonist, resulted in mild, transient increase in prolactin, in women only, that were not associated with measurable reproductive effects. There were no consistent changes in other endocrine measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrologic response of the Greenland ice sheet: the role of oceanographic warming
Authors: Hanna E. , Cappelen J. , Fettweis X. , Huybrechts P. , Luckman A. , Ribergaard M. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe response of the Greenland ice sheet to ongoing climate change remains an area of great uncertainty, with most previous studies having concentrated on the contribution of the atmosphere to the ice mass‐balance signature. Here we systematically assess for the first time the influence of oceanographic changes on the ice sheet. The first part of this assessment involves a statistical analysis and interpretation of the relative changes and variations in sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) and air temperatures around Greenland for the period 1870–2007. This analysis is based on HadISST1 and Reynolds OI.v2 SST analyses, in situ SST and deeper ocean temperature series, surface‐air‐temperature records for key points located around the Greenland coast, and examination of atmospheric pressure and geopotential height from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Second, we carried out a novel sensitivity experiment in which SSTs were perturbed as input to a regional climate model, and document the resulting effects on simulated Greenland climate and surface mass balance. We conclude that sea‐surface/ocean temperature forcing is not sufficient to strongly influence precipitation/snow accumulation and melt/runoff of the ice sheet. Additional evidence from meteorological reanalysis suggests that high Greenland melt anomalies of summer 2007 are likely to have been primarily forced by anomalous advection of warm air masses over the ice sheet and to have therefore had a more remote atmospheric origin. However, there is a striking correspondence between ocean warming and dramatic accelerations and retreats of key Greenland outlet glaciers in both southeast and southwest Greenland during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glacier change in western North America: influences on hydrology, geomorphic hazards and water quality
Authors: Moore R. D. , Fleming S. W. , Menounos B. , Wheate R. , Fountain A. , Stahl K. , Holm K. , Jakob M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe glaciers of western Canada and the conterminous United States have dominantly retreated since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the nineteenth century, although average rates of retreat varied from strong in the first‐half of the twentieth century, with glaciers stabilizing or even advancing until 1980, and then resuming consistent recession. This retreat has been accompanied by statistically detectable declines in late‐summer streamflow from glacier‐fed catchments over much of the study area, although there is some geographical variation: over recent decades, glaciers in northwest BC and southwest Yukon have lost mass dominantly by thinning with relatively low rates of terminal retreat, and glacier‐fed streams in that region have experienced increasing flows. In many valleys, glacier retreat has produced geomorphic hazards, including outburst floods from moraine‐dammed lakes, mass failures from oversteepened valley walls and debris flows generated on moraines. In addition to these hydrologic and geomorphic changes, evidence is presented that glacier retreat will result in higher stream temperatures, possibly transient increases in suspended sediment fluxes and concentrations, and changes in water chemistry. With climate projected to continue warming over the twenty‐first century, current trends in hydrology, geomorphology and water quality should continue, with a range of implications for water resources availability and management and hydroecology, particularly for cool and cold‐water species such as salmonids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variation in SIPA1 in relation to breast cancer risk and survival after breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Gaudet Mia M. , Hunter Kent , Pharoah Paul , Dunning Alison M. , Driver Kristy , Lissowska Jolanta , Sherman Mark , Peplonska Beata , Brinton Louise A. , Chanock Stephen , Garcia‐Closas Montserrat 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGenetic variation inSIPA1,signal‐induced proliferation‐associated gene 1, has been proposed to be associated with aggressive breast tumor characteristics related to metastasis and worse prognosis in humans and rodents. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located at −3092 (A<G, rs931127), exon 3−135 (C>T, rs3741378), and exon 14 + 14 (C>T, rs746429), and examined them in relation to breast cancer risk and overall survival, stratified by tumor characteristics in 2 independent case–control studies conducted in Poland (1,995 cases, 2,296 controls) and in Britain (2,142 cases, 2,257 controls). Vital status (n= 396 deaths) was available for 911 Polish and 1,919 British breast cancer cases with an average follow‐up time of 5.5 years. Overall, we found no significant associations between genetic variants ofSIPA1SNPs and breast cancer risk (per allele odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (CI): rs931127–0.99, 0.93–1.06; rs3741378–1.03, 0.94–1.13; and, rs74642–0.98, 0.92–1.04). In both studies,SIPA1polymorphisms were not related to overall mortality (per allele hazard ratios, 95% CI: 1.02, 0.88–1.17; 0.90, 0.72–1.11; 1.04, 0.90–1.21, respectively). Our results do not support a relationship betweenSIPA1polymorphisms and breast cancer risk or subsequent survival. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐photon laser confocal microscopy of micropermeability of resin‐dentin bonds made with water or ethanol wet bonding
Authors: Sauro Salvatore , Watson Timothy F. , Mannocci Francesco , Miyake Katsuya , Huffman Bradford P. , Tay Franklin R. , Pashley David H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated the micropermeability of six etch‐and‐rinse adhesives bonded to dentin. There were two principal groups: wet bonding with water or wet bonding with absolute ethyl alcohol. After bonding and the creation of composite build‐ups, the pulp chambers were filled with 0.1% lucifer yellow. The contents of the pulp chamber were kept under 20 cm H2O pressure to simulate pulpal pressure for 3 h. The specimens were vertically sectioned into multiple 0.5‐mm thick slabs that were polished and then examined using a two‐photon confocal laser scanning microscope (TPCLSM). The results showed that specimens bonded with adhesives using the water wet‐bonding condition all showed tracer taken up uniformly by the hybrid layer. This uptake of fluorescent tracer into the hybrid layer was quantified by computer software. The most hydrophobic experimental resins showed the highest fluorescent tracer uptake (ca. 1800 ± 160 arbitrary fluorescent units/std. surface area). The most hydrophilic experimental resins showed the lowest tracer uptake into water‐saturated hybrid layers. When ethanol wet‐bonding was used, significantly less fluorescent tracer was seen in hybrid layers. The most hydrophilic experimental resins and Single Bond Plus showed little micropermeability. Clearly, ethanol wet‐bonding seals dentin significantly better than water‐wet dentin regardless of the adhesive in etch‐and‐rinse systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Chemical bonding in view of electron charge density and kinetic energy density descriptors
Authors: Jacobsen Heiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStalke's dilemma, stating that different chemical interpretations are obtained when one and the same density is interpreted either by means of natural bond orbital (NBO) and subsequent natural resonance theory (NRT) application or by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), is reinvestigated. It is shown that within the framework of QTAIM, the question as to whether for a given molecule two atoms are bonded or not is only meaningful in the context of a well‐defined reference geometry. The localized‐orbital‐locator (LOL) is applied to map out patterns in covalent bonding interaction, and produces results that are consistent for a variety of reference geometries. Furthermore, LOL interpretations are in accord with NBO/NRT, and assist in an interpretation in terms of covalent bonding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Comput Chem, 2009.
Reaction mechanism of palladium‐catalyzed silastannation of allenes by density functional theory
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Cheng Lin , Hong Bo , Wu Zhijian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of Pd(0)‐catalyzed allenes silastannation reaction is investigated by the density functional method B3LYP. The overall reaction mechanism is examined. For the allene insertion step, the PdSi bond is preferred over the PdSn bond. The electronic mechanism of the allene insertion into PdSi bond to form σ‐vinylpalladium (terminal‐insertion) and σ‐allylpalladium (internal‐insertion) insertion products is discussed in terms of the electron donation and back‐donation. It is found that the electron back‐donation is significant for both terminal‐ and internal‐insertion. During allene insertion into PdSi bond, internal‐insertion is preferred over terminal‐insertion. By using methylallene, the regio‐selectivity for the monosubstituted allene insertion into PdSi and PdSn bond is analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
Conceptual DFT properties‐based 3D QSAR: Analysis of inhibitors of the nicotine metabolizing CYP2A6 enzyme
Authors: Van Damme Sofie , Bultinck Patrick 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStructure‐activity relationships of 46 P450 2A6 inhibitors were analyzed using the 3D‐QSAR methodology. The analysis was carried out to confront the use of traditional steric and electrostatic fields with that of a number of fields reflecting conceptual DFT properties: electron density, HOMO, LUMO, and Fukuif−function as 3D fields. The most predictive models were obtained by combining the information of the electron density with the Fukuif−function (r2= 0.82,q2= 0.72), yielding a statistically significant and predictive model. The generated model was able to predict the inhibition potencies of an external test set of five chemicals. The result of the analysis indicates that conceptual DFT‐based molecular fields can be useful as 3D QSAR molecular interaction fields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009