bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmental and laminar organization of the spinothalamic neurons in cat: Evidence for at least five separate clusters
Authors: Klop Esther Marije , Mouton Leonora J. , Holstege Gert 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe spinothalamic tract (STT), well known for its role in the relay of information about noxe, temperature, and crude touch, is usually associated with projections from lamina I, but spinothalamic neurons in other laminae have also been reported. In cat, no complete overview exists of the precise location and number of spinal cells that project to the thalamus. In the present study the laminar distribution of retrogradely labeled cells in all spinal segments (C1–Coc2) was investigated after large WGA‐HRP injections in the thalamus. The results show that this distribution of STT cells differed greatly between the different spinal segments. Quantitative analysis showed that there exist at least five separate clusters of spinothalamic neurons. Lamina I neurons in cluster A and lamina V neurons in cluster B are mainly found contralaterally throughout the length of the spinal cord. Cluster C neurons are located bilaterally in the ventrolateral part of laminae VI–VII and lamina VIII of the C1–C3 spinal cord. Cluster D neurons were found contralaterally in lamina VI in the C1–C2 segments, and cluster E neurons were located mainly contralaterally in the medial part of laminae VI–VII and lamina VIII of the lumbosacral cord. Most spinothalamic neurons are not located in the enlargements and most spinothalamic neurons are not located in lamina I, as suggested by several other authors. The location of the spinothalamic neurons shows remarkable similarities, but also differences, with the location of spino‐periaqueductal gray neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:580–595, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased cell proliferation and granule cell number in the dentate gyrus of protein repair‐deficient mice
Authors: Farrar Christine E. , Huang Christine S. , Clarke Steven G. , Houser Carolyn R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that mice lacking protein L‐isoaspartate (D‐aspartate) O‐methyltransferase (Pcmt1−/− mice) have alterations in the insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and insulin receptor pathways within the hippocampal formation as well as other brain regions. However, the cellular localization of these changes and whether the alterations might be associated with an increase in cell number within proliferative regions, such as the dentate gyrus, were unknown. In this study, stereological methods were used to demonstrate that these mice have an increased number of granule cells in the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. The higher number of granule cells was accompanied by a greater number of cells undergoing mitosis in the dentate gyrus, suggesting that an increase in neuronal cell proliferation occurs in this neurogenic zone of adult Pcmt1−/− mice. In support of this, increased doublecortin labeling of immature neurons was detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. In addition, double immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that phosphorylated IGF‐I/insulin receptors in the subgranular zone were localized on immature neurons, suggesting that the increased activation of one or both of these receptors in Pcmt1−/− mice could contribute to the growth and survival of these cells. We propose that deficits in the repair of isoaspartyl protein damage leads to alterations in metabolic and growth‐receptor pathways, and that this model may be particularly relevant for studies of neurogenesis that is stimulated by cellular damage. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:524–537, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential connections of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex with the orbital and medial prefrontal networks in macaque monkeys
Authors: Kondo Hideki , Saleem Kadharbatcha S. , Price Joseph L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPrevious anatomical studies indicate that the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) of monkeys is organized into an “orbital” network, which appears to be related to feeding and reward, and a “medial” network, related to visceral control and emotion. In this study, we examined the connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal networks with the perirhinal (areas 35 and 36) and parahippocampal (areas TF and TH) cortex with anterograde and retrograde axonal tracers. The perirhinal cortex is reciprocally connected with orbital network areas Iapm, Iam, Ial, 13m, 13l, 12r, and 11l. In contrast, the parahippocampal cortex is reciprocally connected with the medial network, especially areas around the corpus callosum (areas 24a/b, caudal 32, and 25), and with area 11m. Projections from the parahippocampal cortex also extend to areas 10m, 10o, Iai, and rostral area 32, as well as to dorsolateral areas 9 and 46. In addition, both the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex are reciprocally connected with areas that are intermediate between the orbital and medial networks (areas 13a, 13b, and 14c) and with the supracallosal area 24a′/b′. Outside the frontal cortex, the perirhinal cortex and the orbital prefrontal network are both interconnected with the ventral part of the temporal pole (TG), area TE and the ventral bank and fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the dysgranular insula. In contrast, the parahippocampal cortex and the medial prefrontal network are connected with the dorsal TG, the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and dorsal bank of STS, and the retrosplenial cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:479–509, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collective Grain Interaction I. New Paradigm for Plasma Crystal Formation
Authors: Tsytovich V. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe concept of collective grain interaction in complex plasmas is developed for large non‐linearity in grain screening. It is shown that for the case where the characteristic collective radius exceeds the non‐linear screening radius the collective interactions can fully determine the non‐linear collective attraction well. Based on the physics of collective non‐linear grain attraction a new paradigm for plasma crystal formation is formulated according to which the plasma crystal formation is related with localization of grains in non‐linear collective attraction wells. Nonlinearity in screening is an important feature of new paradigm and takes into account that the grain charges are large in accordance with most experiments where the plasma crystals where observed. The physical consequence of large non‐linearity is the presence of relative large potential well at distances only several times larger then the non‐linear screening radius. The calculated location of the potential well is of the order of the observed inter‐grain distances in plasma crystals and the deepness of the potential well is close to observed temperature of phase transition. The new paradigm considers formation of plasma crystal as result of grain trapping in the collective non‐linear potential well. The grain interactions close to the position of the potential well are in this paradigm relatively weak contrary to previous paradigm relating the plasma crystal formation with strong grain interactions. This new approach opens the possibility for direct calculation of the deepness of the attraction collective well, the critical value of the coupling constant. Results of these calculations show a reasonable agreement with both the observations of crystals in low pressure high‐frequency discharges and in large pressure discharges. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differences in HCV‐specific T cell responses between chronic HCV infection and HIV/HCV co‐infection
Authors: Dutoit Valérie , Ciuffreda Donatella , Comte Denis , Gonvers Jean‐Jacques , Pantaleo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were investigated using a panel of 728 overlapping peptides spanning the whole HCV genome in 47 HCV mono‐infected and 26 HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals using the IFN‐γ ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry. The frequency of HCV‐specific T cell responses was similar (∼40%) in both groups, but the breadth of the T cell responses tended to be reduced in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. Of interest, 23 new HCV‐derived epitopes were identified, and CD4+ HCV‐specific T cell responses were detected overall in a proportion similar to CD8+ T cell responses. A tendency towards a dominant CD8+ T cell response was associated with HIV/HCV co‐infection. HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells secreted both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, although a reduction in the percentage of IL‐2/IFN‐γ‐secreting cells was observed in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. The increase in CD4+ T cell counts after antiretroviral therapy in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals was not associated with restoration of HCV‐specific T cell responses. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the characterization of HCV‐specific T cell responses in HCV mono‐infected and HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals.
Amino‐phosphanes in RhI‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation: New Mechanistic Insights Using D2O as Deuterium‐Labeling Agent
Authors: Andrieu Jacques , Camus Jean‐Michel , Balan Cédric , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn previous work, we have demonstrated that the dangling amino group in amino‐phosphane ligands increases the rate of Rh‐catalyzed styrene hydroformylation as a function of the amino group basicity and of the distance between the P and N functions. We now report additional stereochemical and mechanistic insights resulting from new catalytic experiments performed with Rh‐α‐P,N catalytic systems in the presence of D2O. In addition to the expected D0 product, the formation of the β‐D1 aldehyde, PhCH(CH2D)CHO was observed in all cases by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, indicating that H/D exchange occurs for the rhodium‐hydride complex. Minor amounts of a β‐D2 product, PhCH(CHD2)CHO, were also formed under certain conditions, demonstrating the reversibility of the olefin coordination step. The composition of the aldehyde mixture is slightly affected by the nature of the catalytic precursor or the P,N ligand used. In the specific case of the α‐P,N ligand [α‐P,N = (SAr,SC)‐Ph2PCH{o‐C6H4Cl(Cr(CO)3)}NHPh], in combination with the [RhCl(COD)]2 precatalyst, products PhCD(CH3)CHO (α‐D1) and PhCD(CH2D)CHO (α,β‐D2) were also produced. This result suggests a reversible deprotonation assisted by an intramolecular H‐bonding interaction between the dangling ammonium function and the carbonyl moiety. This isotopic exchange process decreases the asymmetric induction from 14 to 7 % ee when using the enantiopure version of this ligand. Aldehydes bearing a D atom on the formyl group, e.g. PhCH(CH3)CDO, were never observed. The latter observation excludes protonolysis of the rhodium‐acyl intermediate as the aldehyde forming step. In addition, it also excludes a bimolecular reaction involving the rhodium‐acyl and rhodium‐hydride intermediates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of New Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing Alkenyl‐ and Alkynylphosphane Ligands
Authors: Díez Josefina , Gamasa M. Pilar , Gimeno José , Lastra Elena , Villar Amparo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCarbonyl substitution of the complex [RuI(5‐C9H7)(CO)2] with the activated phosphanes Ph2PR (R = CH2CH=CH2, CH2CH2CH=CH2, and C≡CPh) affords the complexes [RuI(5‐C9H7)(CO)(Ph2PR‐P)] [R = CH2CH=CH2 (1a), CH2CH2CH=CH2 (1b), C≡CPh (1c)]. The reaction of the complex [RuCl(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)2] with the corresponding phosphanes, in refluxing THF, gives the complexes [RuCl(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)(Ph2PR‐P)] [R = CH2CH2CH=CH2 (2b), C≡CPh (2c)] by substitution of PPh3. The cationic derivatives [Ru(5‐C9H7)(L)(Ph2PR‐3P,C,C)][X] [L = CO, X = SbF6, R = CH2CH=CH2 (3a), CH2CH2CH=CH2 (3b); L = PPh3, X = PF6, R = CH2CH2CH=CH2 (4b)] have been prepared by treatment of the complexes 1a,b and 2b with a halide abstractor such as AgSbF6 or NaPF6, respectively. Deprotonation reactions of the complexes 3b and 4b with cesium carbonate have beencarried out, giving rise to the neutral complexes [Ru(5‐C9H7)(L)(Ph2PCH2CH=CHCH2‐2P,C)] [L = CO (5a), PPh3 (5b)]. The reaction of complex 3a with MeCN generates the complex [Ru(5‐C9H7)(MeCN)(CO)(Ph2PCH2CH=CH2‐P)][SbF6] (6). The vinylidene [Ru(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)(Ph2PC≡CPh‐P){C=C(Ph)H}][PF6] (7) and allenylidene [Ru(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)(Ph2PC≡CPh‐P)(C=C=CPh2)][PF6] (8) derivatives have been synthesized by reaction of complex 2c with phenylacetylene or 1,1‐diphenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol, respectively. The structures of the derivatives 1c, 3a, and 4b have been determined bysingle‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Determination of Patent Blue V (E131) at a Nafion‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Desimoni Elio , Brunetti Barbara , Cosio Maria Stella 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPatent Blue V was determined in aqueous solutions at a Nafion‐coated glassy carbon electrode using a DPV technique. Preliminary cyclic voltammetric studies allowed to choose the most sensitive peak and a further DPV study allowed determining the analyte in the 10−7–10−6 M range, with a detection limit equal to 7.6×10−8 M, two orders of magnitude lower than at a bare GC electrode. The modified electrode was applied to the analysis of matrices of alimentary concern in presence of tartrazine. Thanks to the method high sensitivity, very diluted samples can be analyzed minimizing the matrix effects.
Genotoxicity of hydrochlorothiazide in cultured human lymphocytes. I. Evaluation of chromosome delay and chromosome breakage
Authors: Andrianopoulos Constantinos , Stephanou Georgia , Demopoulos Nikos A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHypertension is often treated with diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Previous results on the in vitro genotoxicity of HCTZ are equivocal. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxicity of HCTZ in cultured human lymphocytes using the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus (CBMN) assay. In addition, micronucleus (MN) induction was analyzed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with an α‐satellite DNA centromeric probe to distinguish between clastogenic and aneugenic effects. Lymphocyte cultures from 32 healthy adults were exposed to 5 and 40 μg/ml HCTZ. Age, gender, and smoking were evaluated as factors affecting the MN analysis. We found that HCTZ increased MN frequencies. FISH analysis revealed that HCTZ exerts its genotoxicity more strongly at the 40 μg/ml concentration, and principally through chromosome delay (aneugenicity). Multiregression analysis of our results confirmed the known effect of age and gender on MN induction in human lymphocytes. Smoking was also a confounding factor for MN induction, especially for centromere‐negative MN frequencies. Under the experimental conditions used, only age had a clear positive effect on the response of lymphocytes to HCTZ. These data indicate that HCTZ produces micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes by a mechanism that involves chromosome delay and to a lesser extent through chromosome breakage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural durability in automotive design
Authors: Thomas J. J. , Nguyen‐Tajan T.M.L. , Burry P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe fatigue design is realized at PSA within a probabilistic approach. This approach takes into account the industrial context of the design. It includes the analysis of customer distribution, the handling of the production scatter, and the definition of relevant loading specifications ad acceptance criterion for the designers. This approach avoids variable amplitude analysis by the mean of an appropriate fatigue equivalence method, and by the mean of the Dang Van criterion for the fatigue analysis of the FEM results. Extension of this work to structures undergoing damage due to vibrations is adressed.
Fatigue behaviour of technical springs
Authors: Kaiser B. , Berger C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTechnical Springs belong to the components with the highest cyclic and superposed static load. Nevertheless they have to fulfill the requirements of lightweight constructions. This is only possible, if high strength materials with special properties are carefully manufactured to well designed springs and special additional treatments are carried out, which impose an advantageous residual stress profile in the surface layers of the springs. After a short historical view on the spring research activities in Professor Thums area, some aspects of the fatigue behaviour of hot formed parabolic leaf springs are presented. Then the fatigue properties of cold formed helical compression springs made of different steel spring wires are discussed. Finally some results on the fatigue behaviour of helical springs at a very high number of load cycles are reported.
Effects of MAP kinase inhibitors on epidermal growth factor‐induced neoplastic transformation of human keratinocytes
Authors: Mizuno Hideya , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Ma Wei‐Ya , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe previously reported data regarding the mechanism of neoplastic transformation in JB6 Cl41 mouse skin epidermal cells. However, experimental in vitro models for studying neoplastic transformation of human cells could provide further insight into the mechanisms of human cancer development. In this study, we have established a neoplastic transformation model with HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, and showed the usefulness of this cell line for studying the mechanisms of neoplastic transformation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment induced a dose‐dependent anchorage‐independent cell transformation in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, PD98059, a mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, or SP600125, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, decreased cell growth, EGF‐induced DNA synthesis and transformation. Unlike observations in the JB6 mouse epidermal cell model, SB203580, a stress‐activated protein kinase‐2/p38 α and β (p38) inhibitor, increased EGF‐induced transformation in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, or p38 are implicated in EGF‐induced neoplastic transformation of human cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contractile properties of the proximal urethra and bladder in female pig: Morphology and function
Authors: Pel J.J.M. , van Asselt E. , van Mastrigt R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsTo compare the contractile properties of proximal urethral and bladder muscle of the female pig.Materials and MethodsIn two proximal segments (I and II) of the urethra, small muscle bundles were excised to measure the force‐length (maximum force) and the force‐velocity (unloaded shortening velocity) relation using the stop‐test. The rate of force development was calculated using phase plots. Contractile properties of urethral and bladder segments were statistically compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Immunohistochemical staining of whole circumference urethral cross sections was used to identify the location of smooth and striated muscle fibres.ResultsOn isometric force development, the urethral muscle bundles revealed a fast (∼0.5 sec) and a slow (∼2.1 sec) time constant, whereas in bladder only a slow (∼2.3 sec) component was measured. On average, isometric force was highest in bladder. The length range over which force was produced was smallest in urethral segment II, followed by urethral segment I and finally bladder. The unloaded shortening velocity was 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 1/sec, respectively. Histological preparations showed that smooth as well as striated muscle was present in proximal urethra. In urethral muscle bundles, spontaneous contractions were measured with a frequency of 0.4 Hz.ConclusionsDifferences in contractility found between urethra and bladder may be ascribed to the presence of striated muscle in the proximal urethra. The regulation of tone and spontaneous contractions may be part of the continence mechanism in the female pig urinary tract. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrater reliability and physical examination of the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle, validity comparisons using MR imaging
Authors: Kearney Rohna , Miller Janis M. , DeLancey John O. L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsDefects in the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle are seen with MR imaging. This study aims to determine interrater reliability of physical examination in detecting these defects, and to validate findings from physical examination using comparisons with MR images.MethodsTwo examiners palpated the pubovisceral muscles of 29 women to assess for defects in this muscle. Each examiner was blinded to the others findings. MR scans were acquired on a further 24 women after structured clinical examination by one examiner. These images were read to determine pubovisceral muscle defects, blinded to patient identifiers. Agreement between raters and between MR imaging and clinical examination were calculated.ResultsThe two examiners had positive agreement (presence of a defect) of 72.7% and negative agreement (absence of a defect) of 83.3%. The positive agreement between physical examination and MR imaging was 27.3% and the negative agreement 86.5%.ConclusionThe structured physical examination to detect defects in the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle can be learned as shown by good interrater agreement. However, examination alone underestimates these defects compared with MR imaging. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic studies support the use of multi‐product immunoassays to monitor host cell protein impurities
Authors: Krawitz Denise C. , Forrest William , Moreno G. Tony , Kittleson Joshua , Champion Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn the biopharmaceutical industry, recombinant protein drugs are commonly produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. During the development process, removal of CHO cell‐derived proteins from the biopharmaceutical product is monitored using multi‐product immunoassays. Such immunoassays are developed by raising antibodies to a single CHO cell protein preparation. However, these assays are utilized to monitor CHO cell protein impurities during the recovery of products from different CHO cell lines. To address whether underlying differences between CHO cell lines result in sufficient protein expression changes to exclude the suitability of multi‐product immunoassays, a comparative proteomics study of three independently generated CHO cell lines was performed. Statistical analysis of over 1000 proteins resolved by 2‐D PAGE demonstrated that the protein expression profiles of three different CHO cell lines exhibit very few differences in protein expression. Only 11 qualitative changes in protein expression and 26 quantitative changes greater than two‐fold were observed. Identification of protein spots by mass spectrometry revealed that many of the observed changes were due to post‐translational modifications rather than expression of novel proteins in each cell line. These results suggest that multi‐product immunoassays are suitable for monitoring host cell proteins in biopharmaceuticals produced in different CHO cell lines.