bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of oleic acid‐induced myofibril disassembly in rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Huang Yuahn‐Sieh , Wang Seu‐Mei , Hsu Kwan‐Lih , Tseng Yung‐Zu , Wu Jiahn‐Chun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the mechanism of oleic acid (OA)‐induced disassembly of myofibrils in cardiomyocytes. OA treatment disrupted myofibrils, as revealed by the disorganization of several sarcomeric proteins. Since focal adhesions (FAs) are implicated in myofibril assembly, we examined structural changes in FAs after OA treatment. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies against FA proteins (vinculin, integrin β1D, and paxillin) showed that FAs and costameres disintegrated or disappeared after OA treatment and that the changes in FA proteins occurred prior to myofibril disassembly. The effects of OA on FAs and myofibrils were reversed after removal of OA. OA decreased expression of integrin β1D, paxillin, vinculin, and actin, and induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of FA kinase (FAK) and paxillin. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with sodium orthovanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor. This inhibitor also prevented OA‐induced myofibril disassembly, indicating the involvement of PTP in myofibril disassembly. Furthermore, OA increased protein levels of PTP‐PEST. The upregulation of this phosphatase correlated with the tyrosine dephosphorylation of paxillin and FAK, which are targets for PTP‐PEST. In addition, OA decreased RhoA activity and the phosphorylation of cofilin, a downstream target of RhoA. Cofilin dephosphorylation increased its actin‐severing activity and led to the depolymerization of F‐actin, which might provide another potential mechanism for OA‐induced myofibril disassembly. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 638–649, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of the general amber force field in modeling aqueous POPC membrane bilayers
Authors: Jójárt Balázs , Martinek Tamás A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to answer the question of whether the general amber force field (GAFF) is good enough to simulate fully hydrated POPC membrane bilayers. The test system contained 128 POPC and 2985 TIP3P water molecules. The equilibration was carried out in a nonarbitrary manner to reach the stable liquid‐crystalline phase. The simulations were performed by using particle mesh Ewald electrostatics implemented in molecular dynamics packages Amber8 (NPT ensembles) and NAMD2 (NPγT ensembles). The computational results were assessed against the following experimental membrane properties: (i) area per lipid, (ii) area compressibility modulus, (iii) order parameter, (iv) gauche conformations per acyl chain, (v) lateral diffusion coefficients, (vi) electron density profile, and (vii) bound water at the lipid/water interface. The analyses revealed that the tested force field combination approximates the experimental values at an unexpectedly good level when the NPγT ensemble is applied with a surface tension of 60 mN m−1 per bilayer. It is concluded that the GAFF/TIP3P combination can be utilized for aqueous membrane bilayer simulations, as it provides acceptable accuracy for biomolecular modeling. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Frequency of new or worsening symptoms in the posthospitalization period
Authors: Epstein Kenneth , Juarez Esther , Loya Kathy , Jo Gorman Mary , Singer Adam 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhen patients are discharged from the hospital, they are assumed to be stable until follow‐up as outpatients.OBJECTIVETo study the frequency of new or worsening symptoms within 2‐5 days of hospital discharge.DESIGNRetrospective analysis of data from telephone calls to patients by centralized call center.SETTINGPatients discharged by hospitalists employed by IPC—The Hospitalist Company.PATIENTS15,767 patients surveyed between May 1, 2003, and October 31, 2003.INTERVENTIONPatients discharged home were contacted by a central call center in the first several days after discharge.MEASUREMENTSPatient demographics, self‐rated health status, prevalence of new or worsening symptoms, medication issues, home health services issues, and status of scheduled follow‐up appointments.RESULTSOf the patients surveyed, 11.9% reported new or worsening symptoms since leaving the hospital. There were no differences by age. Women were more likely than men to be symptomatic. Patients with worse health status were more likely to have new or worse symptoms (P < .0001). Symptomatic patients were minimally more likely to have made a follow‐up appointment (61.0% vs. 58.4%, P < .05) and were more likely to have medication issues (22.2% vs. 6.8%, P < .0001) and problems with receiving home health care services (5.8% vs. 3.6%, P < .05).CONCLUSIONSA significant percentage of patients had new or worsening symptoms in the first several days after discharge. These patients were only minimally more likely to have made follow‐up appointments. A system to manage the postdischarge transition period is essential to improving posthospitalization outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:58–68. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Rising to the challenge: How to develop responsible leaders
Authors: Wilson Andrew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractToday's companies recognize that they are actors in large, complex systems and that they need to interact in a web of relations with various groups of stakeholders. In particular, businesses are facing increasing pressures to make a positive contribution to society beyond the traditional economic benefits that derive from corporate activities. However, many organizations are struggling to define and develop the leadership skills and abilities necessary to translate the principles of corporate social responsibility into practice. A new study provides some clarity.
Creating Defined 3‐D Defects Inside an Opaline Ormocer® Matrix with Two‐Photon Lithography
Authors: Lange Birger , Jhaveri Shalin J. , Steidl Lorenz , Ayothi Ramakrishnan , Ober Christopher K. , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe creation of defined structures inside a synthetic opal is a key step toward applications in optics, where control of the propagation of light inside a photonic crystal is necessary. In a previous paper, we described the nanostructuring of Ormocer® to form inverse opals (Lange et al., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2006, 27, 1746). Here, we report an application for this robust replica process in which defects can be directly produced within the PC by two‐photon lithography. The holes of an inverse opal structure are first filled with a resin of similar refractive index. In this transparent material, polymerization can be initiated at defined places via two‐photon lithography. After removal of the unpolymerized resin, buried fluorescent defects of dimensions comparable to the repeating units of the replica are found. The wavelength of their emission can be adjusted to the band gap of the replica.magnified image
Study of Adhesion and Fracture of Polymer Laminates by Imaging of Interfaces
Authors: Horiuchi Shin , Yin Dehui , Liao Yonggui , Ougizawa Toshiaki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe adhesion and fracture of styrene‐acrylonitrile random copolymer and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA/SAN) laminates were studied. They showed a drastic transition from brittle to ductile on varying the acrylonitrile (AN) content in SAN, with changes in the fracture mode from interfacial failure to cohesive fracture. Energy‐filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an in‐lens detector system were employed to study the interface and adhesion of the laminates. The effect of the AN content in SAN on the PMMA/SAN interfacial structures could be revealed by imaging of the interfaces using elemental mapping and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The in‐lens detector system in the SEM enabled the differentiation of thin interfaces with poor adhesion strength, yielding smooth and flat fracture surfaces, where numerous nanosized fibrils were formed normal to the surfaces.magnified image
Block Copolymer Based Molecular Motor
Authors: Perelstein Oleg E. , Ivanov Viktor A. , Velichko Yury S. , Khalatur Pavel G. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Potemkin Igor I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe propose a model of molecular motor based on diblock copolymer strongly adsorbed on a patterned surface. One of the blocks of the copolymer is modeled as field responsive. It is shown that time‐periodic collapse‐readsorption of the responsive block leads to the directed motion (reptation) of the molecule along the “track” provided by the surface pattern. Both the Langevin dynamics (LD) technique of computer simulation for the bead‐spring model and numerical solution of the Newton equations of a simplified (toy) model of the copolymer are used. The physical reason of directionality of the motion is shown to be an anisotropy of the friction of the molecule with the surface.magnified image
Observation of OH…N scalar coupling across a hydrogen bond in nocathiacin I
Authors: Huang Xiaohua Stella , Liu Xiaohong , Constantine Keith L. , Leet John E. , Roongta Vikram 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe report here the observation of OH…N hydrogen‐bond 1hJN, OH scalar coupling in a biologically active natural product. The intramolecular hydrogen bond between the threonine hydroxyl (Thr‐OH) group and the thiazolyl nitrogen at the second thiazole ring (Thz‐2) in nocathiacin I was directly detected by a 1H15N HMBC NMR experiment. The magnitude of the scalar coupling constant 1hJN, OH was accurately measured to be 1.8 ± 0.1 Hz by a J‐resolved 1H15N HMBC experiment. By adding the OH…N distance restraint, the 3D solution structure of nocathiacin I was refined. The structure refinement indicated that the distance between the Thr‐3 hydroxyl hydrogen and the Thz‐2 nitrogen is ⩽2.50 Å in all the refined structures, and there are no NOE restraint violations ≥ 0.23 Å. The presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in nocathiacin I is further supported by a number of NMR parameters and additional NMR experiments. This observation provides valuable information for characterizing molecular conformations, and for studying structure‐activity relationships. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new eremophilanolide from Senecio sinuatus Gilib
Authors: Burgueño‐Tapia Eleuterio , López‐Escobedo Susana , González‐Ledesma Manuel , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFrom the hexane extracts of Senecio sinuatus roots, the new 3β‐angeloyloxy‐6β‐hydroxyeremophil‐1(10)‐en‐8β,12‐olide (3), along with the known compounds 3β‐angeloyloxy‐6β‐hydroxyeremophil‐1(10)‐ene (1), 3β‐senecioyloxy‐6β‐hydroxyeremophil‐1(10)‐ene (2), and 3β‐angeloyloxy‐6β,8α‐dihydroxyeremophil‐1(10)‐en‐8β,12‐olide (4), were isolated. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of 1–4 were achieved using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques, including gHMQC and gHMBC experiments. A Monte Carlo search, followed by B3LYP/6‐31G*DFT calculation, provided the theoretical conformations of the eremophilane rings, which were in agreement with results derived from 1H1H NMR coupling constant analysis, and confirmed by NOESY experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents' perceptions, attitudes, and needs regarding sex education for the child with myelomeningocele
Authors: Passo Sherrilyn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNurses working in a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for children with myelomeningocele desired to learn more about parents' ideas and needs in the area of sex education. Private interviews were conducted with 52 parents, using a structured interview guide. Mothers were seen as the main sex educator for girls, whereas both parents were seen as sex educators for boys. Sixty percent of the parents believed that sex education should begin during the school‐age years. Lack of adequate knowledge about their child's potential for sexual functioning was perceived by all parents. Parents' responses indicated a need for clinic staff to “open the door” to discussing sexuality and a need for realistic guidance about their child's sexual potential. Parents indicated that they saw the referral hospital as a more helpful resource than local resource persons, and selected means by which they and their children might learn more about sexuality from clinic staff. Based on information gathered in the study, clinic staff can plan a teaching and counseling program to help parents become more effective sex educators.
Temporal experience and motor behavior among the aging
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joyce J. , Donovan Michael J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to provide comparative data among institutionalized and noninstitutionalized persons between 70 and 89 years of age. Several measures of temporal experience and body movement were used to compare the groups. One‐half of the sample were nursing home residents, and the other half lived in their own or relatives' homes. Differences between the institutionalized and noninstitutionalized groups were observed. The institutionalized group was more past oriented and displayed more gross motor activity. Older persons projected further into the past than did the younger persons.
Predominant Source of Interpersonal Influence in Relationships Between Psychiatric Patients and Nursing Staff
Authors: Topf Margaret , Dambacher Betty 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObserver ratings of two 1/2‐hour interviews between the same randomly selected nurse‐patient pairs were undertaken. It was hypothesized that (a) nurses and patients would emit complementary dominant and submissive behaviors, respectively, on a status dimension during both interviews; (b) neither nurses nor patients would exert greater interpersonal influence for change on the status dimension; (c) patients would not reciprocate higher levels of nurse friendliness during the first interview but would during the second; and (d) nurses would exert greater interpersonal influence for change in feeling toward reciprocal friendliness in patients. Interviews were rated using the Leary Interpersonal Check List. Interjudge reliability was established for Leary's coding system as used in the present study. The results of four separate† tests supported the hypotheses related to nurse and patient positions on the status and feeling dimensions during each of the two interviews. The patterns of correlation coefficients in two separate cross‐lagged panel analyses provided strong support for a lack of greater influence by either party for status and some support for greater nurse influence for change in patient feelings. The results support the position that a social psychological model emphasizing the rules of interpersonal complementarity can be used to understand and generate remedies for maladaptive interpersonal behavior.
Attitudes of Nursing Personnel Toward Death and Dying: I. Linguistic Indicators of Avoidance
Authors: Mood Darlene W. , Lakin Barbara A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo sequential studies were conducted to examine the suitability of quantitative linguistic analysis for the study of attitudes. Attitudes of nursing personnel toward death and the care of dying patients were examined unobtrusively by observing changes in selected linguistic behaviors. Avoidance was defined as the substitution of a pronoun for a negatively affected noun. Both studies supported the hypotheses that the use of the pronoun it would be greater in death‐related than in non‐death‐related responses (ps<.01). The initial study demonstrated that general pronoun usage was also increased in selected death‐related response categories (p<.01), but this finding may have been related to more standard pronoun usage in English rather than to use as a substitute for purposes of avoidance. The inference of increased use of it as a substitute for negatively affected nouns was substantiated by a review of it‐referents for a segment of the data. The scientific and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Nurse Practitioner Research
Authors: Diers Donna , Molde Susan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSelected literature was reviewed to identify conceptual and methodological issues in research on nurse practitioner practice. Conceptual issues include definitions of the independent and dependent variables. Methodological issues discussed include samples, comparison groups, sources of data, quasi‐experimental design, standards of care, and cost analysis. Implications for increasing the meaningfulness and rigor of research in primary care are presented.
Attitudes of nursing personnel toward death and dying: II. linguistic indicators of denial
Authors: Mood Darlene W. , Lick Catherine F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the attitudes of nursing personal toward death and dying by means of quantitative linguistic analysis. Previous research findings on the attitudinal concept of avoidance support the suitability of the approach. This study sought to examine the proposition that denial, another attitudinal concept appearing frequently in the literature on death and dying, would be manifested in language by increased use of negative lexical forms. It was hypothesized that the use of negatives would increase significantly in death‐related responses as compared with non‐death‐related responses. The sample consisted of 40 nursing personnel interviewed on their expectations and care of terminally ill patients. Dependent variable measures include the ratio of negative lexical forms to total number of words for all death‐related and all non‐death‐related responses. Similar proportions were obtained for selected response categories. Significantly more negatives were used in death‐related responses, thus supporting the hypothesis. The value of these methods is discussed, as are the clinical implications for nursing.
Effects of individual and group relaxation therapy on blood pressure in essential hypertensives
Authors: Nath Charlotte , Rinehart Joan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo determine if progressive muscle relaxation could be taught as effectively in group situations as in individual situations and if progressive muscle relaxation reduced blood pressure, 15 essential hypertensives were taught progressive muscle relaxation. Nine were taught individually, whereas the remaining six were taught as a group. The sessions were once weekly for 4 weeks. Blood pressure measurements were made at the beginning and end of each session, as well as at the beginning of the first and last session. No differences were found between these methods of instruction. Decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures from the beginning to the end of each session were found, as well as decreases in systolic pressure from session one to session four. It was concluded () that group instruction and individual instruction are equally effective, () that progressive muscle relaxation is effective in reducing blood pressure, and (c) that 4 weeks is inadequate for reducing diastolic blood pressure.
Labor market competition and nurses' earnings: An economic analysis
Authors: Link Charles R. , Settle Russell F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo hypotheses concerning the earnings of professional nurses were tested: () that increased competition among hospitals for the services of nurses will increase nurses' earnings; () that adoption of collective bargaining arrangements will lead to higher nursing salaries. Data for the study were obtained mainly from the 1‐in‐100 public use sample of the 1970 U.S. Census of Population and the 1970 American Hospital Association annual survey of hospitals. The sample consisted of 694 married registered nurses who worked full time in hospitals and resided in the 123 largest metropolitan areas of the United States in 1969. Multivariate regression analysis of these data yielded evidence supporting both hypotheses. Nursing salaries in one‐hospital metropolitan areas were found to be 10%–11% less than those in areas with many hospitals, other things being equal. In addition, the presence of collective bargaining agreements appeared to enhance nursing salaries.
Disability among schizophrenics in a rural community: Services and social support
Authors: Turner Sarah L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFormerly hospitalized schizophrenics referred to a rural North Carolina Community Mental Health Center for aftercare were interviewed for evidence of disability in social functioning and for information on the extent and quality of their community ties. Of the 103 respondents, 25% were classified as severely disabled. Inadequate functioning was significantly (r < .001) associated with a low level of social support, whether this was measured by the amount of recent interaction with associates or by qualitative indices of respondents' beliefs about and attitudes toward intimates. Psychiatric treatment histories for these respondents were summarized from service records. There were no statistically significant differences between the disabled and nondisabled on the basis of duration or number of hospitalization experiences, amounts or categories of outpatient care, or intake of medication. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and race.
The use of modeling to teach empathy to nursing students
Authors: Layton Janice M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVarious combinations of modeling, labeling, and rehearsal (videotaped) were used to teach empathy to four experimental groups; a fifth group served as a no‐treatment control. The subjects were 56 junior and senior baccalaureate nursing students, all of whom were women. A repeated‐measures design was employed, with posttesting immediately following treatment and 3 weeks later. Learning was measured by means of a written test (Empathy Test) and an interview that was evaluated using the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory and the Carkhuff Empathy Scale. The treatment was effective for junior students but not for senior students, and only the groups receiving the rehearsal conditioning performed better than the control group. There was also an interaction between treatment and time, with juniors improving on the second posttesting. A secondary hypothesis about correlations between the instruments was partially confirmed, thus lending support to their construct validity. The Carkhuff scale was correlated with itself for both testings, with the Barrett‐Lennard inventory for both testings, and with the Empathy Test on the second testing.
Changes in mental status in older adults with four days of hospitalization
Authors: Roslaniec Anita , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe changes that occur in mental status in older adults during 4 days of hospitalization in an acute‐care setting. It was hypothesized that elderly patients would experience significant changes in all components of mental status (i.e., level of consciousness, orientation, attention/concentration, memory, higher cognitive functions) during this period of time. A sample of 25 individuals ranging in age from 65 to 89 years was obtained from the medical and surgical units of an acute‐care hospital. Each individual's mental status was evaluated twice using a mental status examination designed for the study. The first assessment was conducted on the afternoon of admission day, and the second was completed on the fourth hospital day. Statistically significant changes in three components of mental status were found: disorientation increased, level of consciousness declined, and memory improved. The significance of these findings for nursing is discussed.