bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iressa strengthens the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel in NSCLC models that harbor specific molecular characteristics
Authors: Rosetti Marco , Zoli Wainer , Tesei Anna , Ulivi Paola , Fabbri Francesco , Vannini Ivan , Brigliadori Giovanni , Granato Anna Maria , Amadori Dino , Silvestrini Rosella 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most lethal malignant tumor and is also considered one of the most chemoresistant cancers. Despite the benefits obtained from platinum‐based therapy, the majority of patients treated will progress and die. In the continuing quest for personalized therapy based on the biomolecular characteristics of each single patient, clinical practice now seems to be oriented towards combining conventional drugs with molecular‐targeted agents. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of docetaxel, one of the most widely used drugs for second‐line treatment, and Iressa, an EGFR‐targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor, administered singly or in sequence. The study was performed on three human NSCLC cell lines (ChaGo‐K1, CAEP and RAL) that exhibit different expression of proliferation and apoptosis‐related markers, and do not harbor EGFR mutations. The efficacy of docetaxel and Iressa differed in the three cell lines and an important synergistic interaction was observed with the sequence 1‐h docetaxel → 72‐h Iressa during which Iressa doubled the fraction of docetaxel‐induced apoptotic cells, amplifying a caspase‐dependent apoptosis and inhibiting docetaxel‐induced p21 hyperexpression. Moreover, the important role of MAPK‐dependent modulation of this molecular marker was shown using a specific inhibitor. The results from the present preclinical study demonstrate the cytotoxic activity of Iressa and its ability to increase taxane activity in a model that does not harbor EGFR‐specific mutations, thus highlighting the importance of focusing on alternative molecular targets of Iressa activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:710–716, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Canonical and non‐canonical wnts differentially affect the development potential of primary isolate of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Baksh Dolores , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study examines the role of Wnt signaling events in regulating the differential potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult bone marrow (BM). Immunohistochemical analysis of BM revealed co‐localization of Wnt5a protein, a non‐canonical Wnt, with CD45+ cells and CD45− STRO‐1+ cells, while Wnt3a expression, a canonical Wnt, was associated with the underlying stroma matrix, suggesting that Wnts may regulate MSCs in their niche in BM. To elucidate the role of Wnts in MSC development, adult human BM‐derived mononuclear cells were maintained as suspension cultures to recapitulate the marrow cellular environment, in serum‐free, with the addition of Wnt3a and Wnt5a protein. Results showed that Wnt3a increased cell numbers and expanded the pool of MSCs capable of colony forming unit — fibroblast (CFU‐F) and CFU — osteoblast (O), while Wnt5a maintained cell numbers and CFU‐F and CFU‐O numbers. However, when cells were cultured directly onto tissue culture plastic, Wnt5a increased the number of CFU‐O relative to control conditions. These findings suggest the potential dual role of Wnt5a in the maintenance of MSCs in BM and enhancing osteogenesis ex vivo. Our work provides evidence that Wnts can function as mesenchymal regulatory factors by providing instructive cues for the recruitment, maintenance, and differentiation of MSCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:817–826, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WWOX in biological control and tumorigenesis
Authors: Aqeilan Rami I. , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe WW domain‐containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene is located at 16q23.1–16q23.2, a region that spans the second most common human fragile site, FRA16D. The WWOX protein contains two N‐terminal WW domains and a central short chain oxidoreductase‐like domain. In the last few years, considerable amount of data have shown inactivation of WWOX in a variety of human malignancies. Moreover, interacting partners have been identified biochemically that define, at least in part, the molecular mechanism of WWOX action. Recently, we demonstrated that targeted deletion of the Wwox gene in the mouse led to increased incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced tumor formation, thereby providing the first in vivo evidence that WWOX is a bona fide tumor suppressor. This review focuses on the most recent progress in understanding WWOX function as a tumor suppressor. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 307–310, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maspin augments proteasome inhibitor‐induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Chen Di , Yin Shuping , Meng Yonghong , Yang Huanjie , Landis‐Piwowar Kristin R. , Li Yiwei , Sarkar Fazlul H. , Reddy G. Prem Veer , Dou Q. Ping , Sheng Shijie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractProteasome inhibitors are known to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. On the other hand, maspin, a non‐inhibitory serine protease inhibitor, is shown to sensitize cancer cells to therapeutic agents that induce apoptosis. We examined the consequence of maspin expression in prostate cancer cells targeted for treatment with various proteasome inhibitors. We observed that proteasome inhibitors induced apoptosis more effectively in maspin transfected human prostate cancer DU145 cells than in control cells. Interestingly, increased apoptosis in these cells was associated with a significant induction of maspin expression. MG‐132, a proteasome inhibitor, induced endogenous and ectopic [cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV)‐driven] maspin expression, and maspin siRNA attenuated MG‐132‐induced apoptosis. Proteasome inhibitor‐induced maspin expression was inhibited by actinomycin D (Act D) and cyclohexamide (CHX), and by the inhibitors of p38MAPK, but not ERK1/2 or NF‐κB. Electrophoretic mobility‐shift assay (EMSA) and promoter‐reporter activity analyses suggested that p38MAPK activated transcription factor AP‐1 is responsible for proteasome inhibitor‐induced maspin expression. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors induce maspin expression by activating p38MAPK pathway, and that maspin thus expressed, in turn, augments proteasome inhibitor‐induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Our results suggest that gene therapy involving ectopic maspin expression may dramatically improve the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 298–306, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C6‐ceramide inhibited Na+ currents by intracellular Ca2+ release in rat myoblasts
Authors: Liu Zheng , Xu Jian‐Guang , Zhang Hua , Fang Yan‐Jia , Mei Yan‐Ai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCeramides are novel second messengers that may mediate signaling leading to apoptosis and the regulation of cell cycle progression. Moreover, ceramide analogs have been reported to directly modulate K+ and Ca2+ channels in different cell types. In this report, the effect of C6‐ceramide on the voltage‐gated inward Na+ currents (INa) in cultured rat myoblasts was investigated using whole‐cell current recording and a fluorescent Ca2+ imaging experiment. At concentrations of 1–100 µM, ceramide produced a dose‐independent and reversible inhibition of INa. Ceramide also significantly shifted the steady‐state inactivation curve of INa by 16 mV toward the hyperpolarizing potential, but did not alter the steady‐state activation properties. C2‐ceramide caused a similar inhibitory effect on INa amplitude. However, dihydro‐C6‐ceramide, the inactive analog of ceramide, failed to modulate INa. The effect of C6‐ceramide on INa was abolished by intracellular infusion of the Ca2+‐chelating agent BAPTA, but was mimicked by application of caffeine. Blocking the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum with xestospongin C or heparin, an inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker, induced a gradual increase in INa amplitude and eliminated the effect of ceramide on INa. In contrast, ruthenium red, which is a blocker of the ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ receptor did not affect the action of C6‐ceramide on INa. Intracellular application of the G‐protein agonist GTPγS also induced a gradual decrease in INa amplitude, while the G‐protein antagonist GDPβS eliminated the effect of C6‐ceramide on INa. Calcium imaging showed that C6‐ceramide could give rise to a significant elevation of intracellular calcium. Our data show that increased calcium release through the IP3‐sensitive Ca2+ receptor, which probably occurred through the G‐protein and phospholipase C pathway, may be responsible for C6‐ceramide‐induced inhibition of the INa of rat myoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 151–160, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of income and equality in poverty reduction: recent cross‐country evidence
Authors: Ram Rati 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper uses a reasonable model and recent cross‐country data to study empirically the effects of income and equality on poverty. Three main points are noted. First, the estimates show highly significant roles of income and equality in poverty reduction, and the effects of increased income and lower inequality are both substantial. Second, the elasticity of poverty with respect to inequality is substantially larger than that relative to income. Third, the estimates suggest a ‘growth elasticity’ of poverty that is much smaller than the values used in almost every study. Therefore, most of the well‐known and influential recent research seems to have overstated the impact of income growth on poverty alleviation by de‐emphasising the role of inequality, to which poverty is highly responsive, and by using an income (growth) elasticity of poverty that is much larger than what seems reasonable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Th17 and Th1 responses directed against the immunizing epitope, as opposed to secondary epitopes, dominate the autoimmune repertoire during relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kroenke Mark A. , Segal Benjamin M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been suggested that relapses of EAE and MS may be associated with, and even driven by, T cells specific for novel epitopes that are primed during the course of tissue destruction in the target organ or in secondary lymphoid tissues. We show, however, that IFNγ and IL‐17 responses against the immunizing epitope remain dominant through out the course of multiphasic EAE. Furthermore, induction of tolerance against a putative secondary epitope did not prevent clinical relapses. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of nitric oxide in the brain during lipopolysaccharide‐evoked systemic inflammation
Authors: Czapski Grzegorz A. , Cakala Magdalena , Chalimoniuk Malgorzata , Gajkowska Barbara , Strosznajder Joanna B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a well‐established source of nitric oxide (NO•) during inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), little is known about the involvement of constitutive isoforms of NOS (cNOS) in the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to compare the responses of the expression and activity of iNOS and the two cNOS isoforms, neuronal and endothelial (nNOS and eNOS, respectively), in the brain to systemic inflammation and their roles in the cascade of events leading to degeneration and apoptosis. A systemic inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide [LPS; 1 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)]. The relative roles of the NOS isoforms were evaluated after injection ofNG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (NNLA; 30 mg/kg b.w.), which preferentially inhibits cNOS, or 1400W (5 mg/kg b.w.), an inhibitor of iNOS. Biochemical and morphological alterations were analyzed up to 48 hr after administration of LPS. Systemic LPS administration evoked significant ultrastructural alterations in brain capillary vessels, neuropils, and intracellular organelles of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Apoptotic/autophagic processes occurred in many neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), which coincided with exclusive enhancement of iNOS expression and activity in this brain region. Moreover, inhibitors of both iNOS and cNOS prevented LPS‐evoked release of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) from SN mitochondria. Collectively, the results indicate that synthesis of NO•by both the inducible and constitutive NOS isoforms contribute to the activation of apoptotic pathways in the brain during systemic inflammation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone modulates voltage‐activated sodium current and odor responses in Necturus maculosus olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Zhang Wenling , Delay Rona J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe terminal nerve (nervus terminalis) extends from the basal forebrain to the nasal cavity and has been shown to contain gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH). The specific function of the terminal nerve is unknown, but it has been hypothesized that it modulates the function of olfactory neurons. To examine the effects of GnRH on isolated Necturus maculosus olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), we used the perforated configuration of the patch clamp technique to record current responses. GnRH had no effect on the membrane current at any holding potential but did modulate voltage‐activated TTX‐sensitive sodium current (INa). Within 1 min of applying GnRH, approximately 60% of the OSNs showed a decrease in the magnitude of INa. Initial responses to GnRH were inhibitory, although in one group of cells the initial inhibitory response was followed by a potentiation of INa with continual application (∼5 min). The time course of the GnRH response suggested that a second messenger pathway mediated the response. Inhibitors of PKC, tyrosine kinase, and PI3K were all able to inhibit the INa, but none of them could prevent the GnRH response. Application of a cAMP analog mimicked the effects of GnRH, and only inhibitors of PKA and PKG could prevent GnRH‐induced inhibition of INa. This suggests that the modulation of voltage‐activated sodium currents by GnRH involve a cyclic nucleotide pathway. In addition, GnRH modulated the odor responses of OSNs. Our data suggest the release of GnRH, presumably from the terminal nerve, can serve to modulate olfactory sensory neurons. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of phosphorylated α‐synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of transgenic mice that express human α‐synuclein
Authors: Wakamatsu Masaki , Ishii Aiko , Ukai Yuriko , Sakagami Junko , Iwata Shingo , Ono Mieko , Matsumoto Kayo , Nakamura Atsushi , Tada Norihiro , Kobayashi Kazuto , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Yoshimoto Makoto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractParkinson's disease is neuropathologically characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies, whose major component is α‐synuclein. We had previously generated transgenic mice that expressed human α‐synuclein carrying an Ala53Thr point mutation (hα‐syn140m) under the control of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter and found that hα‐syn140m was localized not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nuclei of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, we carried out immunohistochemical analysis of the brain of Tg mice using anti‐PSer129, an antibody that specifically recognizes α‐synuclein phosphorylated at Ser129. The antibody detected only phosphorylated hα‐syn140m, whereas phosphorylation of endogenous α‐synuclein, if any, was below the detection limit of the method employed. The analysis showed that approximately one‐third of the hα‐syn140m‐positive neurons in the midbrain of heterozygous Tg mice were concomitantly reactive to anti‐PSer129. The ratio almost doubled in homozygotes, indicating that the phosphorylation level depends directly on the amount of substrate. In addition, the ratio did not change at least up to 48 weeks of age. These data strongly suggest that hα‐syn140m underwent constitutive phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation level was maintained to a certain level until the aged stages. Remarkably, hα‐syn140m localized in the nuclei seemed to be preferentially phosphorylated compared with that in the cytoplasm. Among kinases that have been reported to be involved in the phosphorylation of α‐synuclein, the β subunit of casein kinase‐2 was detected in the nuclei by immunohistochemistry. These data imply that at least casein kinase‐2 is involved in the phosphorylation of hα‐syn140m in the Tg mice. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple method for determination of five terpenoids from different parts of Tripterygium wilfordii and its preparations by HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Ling , Shao Qing , Qu Hai‐Bin , Cheng Yi‐yu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBy optimizing the extraction, separation, and analytical conditions, a reliable and accurate high‐performance liquid chromatography method coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was developed for simultaneous determination of five terpenoids, i. e., triptolide, tripchlorolide, demethylzelastral, wilforlide B, and wilforlide A, in root, stem, leaves, root bark, twig, and root without bark of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f and six of its herbal preparations. This approach would thus provide a more accurate and general method for evaluating the quality of the herb and its preparations. Separation of these five terpenoids was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB‐C8 column with gradient elution using water and acetonitrile as solvents, both containing 0.05% formic acid, at a temperature of 30°C and a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set at 100°C, and the nitrogen flow rate at 1.5 L/min. Good linear relationships were obtained with correlation coefficients for the analytes exceeding 0.992, and the LOD and LOQ were less than 0.149 μg and 0.297 μg on column, respectively. Intra‐day and inter‐day precision of the analytes were less than 1.25% and 5.97%, respectively, and the average recovery rates obtained were in the range of 95.9 ± 3.7% to 100.4 ± 5.0% for all terpenoids with RSDs below 4.99%. Quantitative analysis of the five terpenoids in different parts of Tripterygium wilfordii and its six preparations showed that the contents of the terpenoids varied significantly. The tender root contained higher concentrations of triptolide, tripchlorolide, demethylzelastral, and wilforlide B than any other part of the herb. Correspondingly, the root bark contained the greatest concentration of wilforlide A, and the stem and twig came in second and third. This suggested that we could infer whether the medicinal materials were absolute roots without bark or not from the comparative contents of these terpenoids in the tablets in view of the fact that only the roots without bark are the valid officinal part of the plant. This method and the quantitation results obtained can provide a scientific and general as well as simple and convenient approach for the product manufacturers to set up quality control standards and for informing the public about the quality and safety of the preparations.
Subcritical water chromatography: A green approach to high‐temperature liquid chromatography
Authors: Yang Yu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAt temperatures and pressures lower than 374°C and 218 atm, subcritical water has widely tunable properties such as dielectric constant, surface tension, viscosity, and dissociation constant achieved by simply adjusting the temperature with a moderate pressure to keep water in the liquid state. At elevated temperatures, water acts like a weak polar organic solvent. Thus, subcritical water has been used as a green eluent to replace hazardous solvents commonly used as organic modifiers in RPLC. Subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) is capable of separating polar, moderately polar, and even some nonpolar analytes. Most of these low molecular weight solutes are stable at elevated temperatures during a chromatographic run. Some new packing materials are also quite stable and robust at mild temperatures ranging from 80 to 150°C. Advantages of SBWC include the elimination of hazardous organic solvents used in traditional RPLC, rapid analysis time, improved selectivity, temperature‐dependent separation efficiency, temperature‐programmed elution, and compatibility with both gas‐ and liquid‐phase detectors. In this paper, the technical aspects as well as the applications of SBWC are reviewed. Topics addressed in this review include the unique characteristics of subcritical water, analytes separated by SBWC, packing materials tested for SBWC, the application of GC and LC detection techniques in SBWC, SBWC instrumentation development, temperature effects on SBWC separation, and models developed for separation in SBWC.
Thermochemistry for enthalpies and reaction paths of nitrous acid isomers
Authors: Asatryan Rubik , Bozzelli Joseph W. , Simmie John M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent studies show that nitrous acid, HONO, a significant precursor of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere, is formed during the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide in soils. The term nitrous acid is largely used interchangeably in the atmospheric literature, and the analytical methods employed do not often distinguish between the HONO structure (nitrous acid) and HNO2 (nitryl hydride or isonitrous acid). The objective of this study is to determine the thermochemistry of the HNO2 isomer, which has not been determined experimentally, and to evaluate its thermal and atmospheric stability relative to HONO. The thermochemistry of these isomers is also needed for reference and internal consistency in the calculation of larger nitrite and nitryl systems. We review, evaluate, and compare the thermochemical properties of several small nitric oxide and hydrogen nitrogen oxide molecules. The enthalpies of HONO and HNO2 are calculated using computational chemistry with the following methods of analysis for the atomization, isomerization, and work reactions using closed‐ and open‐shell reference molecules. Three high‐level composite methods G3, CBS‐QB3, and CBS‐APNO are used for the computation of enthalpy. The enthalpy of formation, ΔHof(298 K), for HONO is determined as −18.90 ± 0.05 kcal mol−1 (−79.08 ± 0.2 kJ mol−1) and as −10.90 ± 0.05 kcal mol−1 (−45.61 ± 0.2 kJ mol−1) for nitryl hydride (HNO2), which is significantly higher than values used in recent NOx combustion mechanisms. H‐NO2 is the weakest bond in isonitrous acid; but HNO2 will isomerize to HONO with a similar barrier to the HONO bond energy; thus, it also serves as a source of OH in atmospheric chemistry. Kinetics of the isomerization is determined; a potential energy diagram of H/N/O2 system is presented, and an analysis of the triplet surface is initiated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 378–398, 2007
Interminable Paths and Trails: Extreme Cases
Authors: Dirac G. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with terminable and interminable paths and trails in infinite graphs. It is shown that

The only connected graphs which contain no 2 – ∞ way and in which no finite path is terminable are precisely all the 1 – ∞ multiways.
The only connected graphs which have no 2 – ∞ trail and in which no finite trail is terminable are precisely all the 1 – ∞ multiways all of whose multiplicities are odd numbers and which have infinitely many bridges.
In addition the strucuture of those connected graphs is determined which have a 1 – ∞ trail and in which no 1 – ∞ trail but every finite trail is terminable.

In this paper the terminology and notation of a previous paper of the writer [1] and of F. HARARY's book [6] will be used. Furthermore, a graph consisting of the distinct nodes n1,…,nδ (where δ≧1) and of one or more (ni, ni+1)‐edges for i = 1,…, δ – 1 will be called a multiway, and analogously for 1 – ∞ and 2 – ∞ multiways. The number of edges joining ni and ni+1 will be called the (ni,+1)‐multiplicity. Thus a multiway in which each multiplicity is 1 is a way. Multiplicities are allowed to be infinite.