bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of rigidity of hyperbolic splittings in simple two-dimensional maps
Authors: Bandtlow Oscar F , Just Wolfram , Slipantschuk Julia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chaotic hyperbolic dynamical systems enjoy a surprising degree of rigidity, a fact which is well known in the mathematics community but perhaps less so in theoretical physics circles. Low-dimensional hyperbolic systems are either conjugate to linear automorphisms, that is, dynamically equivalent to the Arnold cat map and its variants, or their hyperbolic structure is not smooth. We illustrate this dichotomy using a family of analytic maps, for which we show by means of numerical simulations that the corresponding hyperbolic structure is not smooth, thereby providing an example for a global mechanism which produces non-smooth phase space structures in an otherwise smooth dynamical system.
Tailored mesoscopic plasma accelerates electrons exploiting parametric instability
Authors: Kumar Rakesh Y , Sabui Ratul , Gopal R , Li Feiyu , Sarkar Soubhik , Trickey William , Anand M , Pasley John , Sheng Z-M , Trines R M G M , Scott R H H , Robinson A P L , Sharma V , Krishnamurthy M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Laser plasma electron acceleration from the interaction of an intense femtosecond laser pulse with an isolated microparticle surrounded by a low-density gas is studied here. Experiments presented here show that optimized plasma tailoring by introducing a pre-pulse boosts parametric instabilities to produce MeV electron energies and generates electron temperatures as large as 200 keV with the total charge being as high as 350 fC/shot/sr, even at a laser intensity of a few times 1016 Wcm−2. Corroborated by particle-in-cell simulations, these measurements reveal that two plasmon decay in the vicinity of the microparticle is the main contributor to hot electron generation.
Investigating the impact of polarization on surface plasmon polariton characteristics in plasmonic waveguides under periodic driving fields
Authors: Herath Kosala , Gunapala Sarath D , Premaratne Malin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study examines the impact of polarization in the driving field on the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes within plasmonic waveguides under the influence of a periodic driving field. Addressing a significant knowledge gap in the existing literature, we present a comprehensive investigation employing Floquet engineering techniques, with a specific emphasis on elliptically polarized fields as the dressing field. Our analysis reveals that the use of generalized Floquet states allows us to derive Floquet states for specific polarized dressing fields, such as linear, left-handed circular, and right-handed circular polarization. Remarkably, we demonstrate that Floquet states depend on the chirality of the dressing field’s polarization. Employing the Floquet-Fermi golden rule, we assess electron transport under various polarization types and find that the specific polarization type influence electron transport properties. However, we establish that the chirality of the polarization of the dressing field does not impact the transport properties. During our numerical analysis, we assess the alterations in SPP characteristics arising from two distinct types of polarization in dressing fields: linear polarization and circular polarization. Our results underscore the potential of employing a dressing field to effectively mitigate the propagation losses of SPPs in plasmonic metals, with the extent of improvement contingent on the specific polarization type. To quantify the performance enhancements of commonly used plasmonic metals under linearly and circularly polarized dressing fields, we employ a figure of merit (FoM). This study offers insights into the practical utilization of periodic driving fields as a powerful tool in advancing plasmonic communication within chip-scale environments.
Evolution and performance analysis of quantum well FinFET for 3 nm technology node with type-II strained tri-layered hetero-channel system
Authors: Nanda Swagat , Dhar Rudra Sankar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
3D FinFETs are meticulously scaled down to sub-14 nm leading to reemerging undesirable characteristics namely increased Drain Induced Barrier Leakage (DIBL), higher subthreshold swing and excessive leakage currents. This inhibits the scaling of FinFETs and research suggests probable utilization of strained silicon technology in FinFETs to improve the on currents and transconductance of the nano devices. The emergence of quantum effects including velocity overshoot and carrier confinement severely affects the electrical characteristics at sub-10 nm channel length devices. Therefore, amalgamation of strained silicon prove to be a boon in FinFETs while being at par with the proposed 3 nm technology node of IRDS 2018, and designing to develop reliable devices at 08 nm gate length is the requisite. Thus, exploring the design and performance investigation of novel 08 nm Quantum Well FinFETs (QW-FinFETs) incorporating a tri-layered strained silicon Heterostructure-On-Insulator (HOI)are proposed with distinct channel dimensions which are analyzed and compared with existing devices. The optimum QW-FinFET device developed for 3 nm technology node of IRDS 2018 achieved a ∼25% enhancement in drain currents with Device D2 portraying almost ∼103% escalations in electron mobility on account of ballistic transport of charge carriers without scattering and enriching the performance for the future generation of device resulting in faster switching operation in sub-nano regime.
Influence of silicon nitride (Si3N4) reinforcement on mechanical properties and wear behaviour of AZ31–Nano alumina (Al2O3) composites developed through the stir casting route
Authors: Veera Ajay C , Manisekar K , Thoufiq Mohammed K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, hybrid composites consisting of AZ31 alloy matrix reinforced with 2 wt% aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) and 2, 4, or 6 wt% silicon nitride microparticles (Si3N4) have been prepared using the stir casting route. The mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, compression strength, impact strength, and sliding wear performance, were evaluated for the fabricated hybrid composites. The mechanical properties improve significantly with the inclusion of reinforcement content. The hybrid composite having 4 wt% Si3N4 reinforcement exhibits higher mechanical properties like micro-hardness (68.8 HV), tensile strength (172 MPa), percentage of elongation (11.9%), compression strength (278 MPa), and impact strength (6.4 J). The wear rate and coefficient of friction tend to reduce with the inclusion of Si3N4 reinforcement content under dry sliding wear conditions. Worn-out surface micrograph investigation displays wear mechanisms such as abrasive wear and plastic deformation with micro–ploughing and micro-cutting.
Study the effect of generating randomly rough interfaces on electron transport properties across the heterostructures
Authors: Abubaker Ali Hazim , Ebrahiminejad Zhaleh , Tehrani-Nasab Said 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the present paper, generating randomly rough interfaces -with two different types of correlation functions and dissimilar characteristics and morphologies- have been considered. The correlation functions of generated interfaces have Gaussian and exponential forms and they have been used in heterostructures as the rough interfaces. The main purpose of the present research is to study the effect of interfaces roughness types on the coherent electron transport through heterostructures. In order to better evaluation, the transport properties of heterostructures have been obtained for both planar and rough interfaces. The results show that the transmission probability and current density have the lower values with considering the rough interfaces, in comparison with the planar ones. Moreover, it is found that the generated interfaces by exponential correlation function were rougher than that Gaussian ones.
A novel finite difference scheme for numerical solution of fractional order population growth model
Authors: Rahrovi Yahya , Mahmoudi Yaghoub , Salimi Shamloo Ali , Jahangirirad Mohammad , Fathizadeh Einollah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new scheme based on the implicit finite difference method for solving the fractional population growth model (FPGM). We use the well-known L1 finite difference method to approximate the Caputo fractional derivative of order 0 < α ≤ 1, and the linear interpolation to approximate the integral part. We provide a study on the stability and convergence of the scheme. We present the numerical solution of the proposed method and compare it with three other methods to demonstrate its validity and efficiency.
Studies on the impacts of the pore size and shape on deuterium retention in tungsten fuzzy nanostructures
Authors: Chen J.Y. , Dai S.Y. , Yang K.R. , Zu C.R. , Liu D.P. , Ni W.Y. , Liu S.G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tritium retention in plasma-facing materials is a critical issue that can significantly impact the long-term and steady-state operation of fusion devices. The experiments conducted in the laboratory device MIES have confirmed that the presence of the tungsten (W) nanostructure (called ‘fuzz’) leads to a substantial retention of hydrogen isotopes within W fuzz layer. This observation motivates us to conduct dedicated modeling to investigate the influence of W nanostructures on deuterium (D) retention using the three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo code SURO-FUZZ. The SURO-FUZZ code offers a great flexibility in generating diverse microscopic structures of the W fuzzy surface through the quartet structure generation set (QSGS) approach, which allows us to explore the effects of the pore size and shape on D retention. In this study, several different W nanostructures generated by QSGS approach are utilized to conduct a comprehensive comparison between MIES experiments and SURO-FUZZ simulations. It is demonstrated that the simulated D retention can be brought into a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. On this basis, predictive estimations of D retention on EAST and ITER have been performed with SURO-FUZZ modeling. The simulation results indicate that the total D retention induced by W fuzz remains well below the administrative limit of 700 g.
Template free synthesis of vacancy tailored, highly mesoporous one-dimensional δ-MnO2 for energy storage applications
Authors: Ramakrishnan Aswini , Swaminathan Sindhu , Mayandi Jeyanthinath , K G Deepa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work involves the synthesis of highly conducting, ultra-thin, mesoporous manganese dioxide, nanotubes and nanowires, using a sol–gel technique. This is a template-free method for preparing mesoporous (3.3 to 5.4 nm) nanotubes and nanowires of 10–15 nm radius with surface area (221.19 m2/g-102.09 m2/g). In the MnO2 lattice, oxygen and cationic vacancies are tailored by changing the reducing agent for improved energy storage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies are conducted to quantify the oxygen and cationic vacancies. The tailored one-dimensional δ-MnO2 is used as an electrode material for symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor designs. A non-toxic, less volatile aqueous neutral electrolyte is used for the supercapacitive measurement, giving a specific capacitance of 460.75 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 with symmetric mode at 1 V. With activated carbon, this material can also produce asymmetric supercapacitors with a specific capacitance of 107.38 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 at 1.7 V.
Real-World Impact of Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Apparent Treatment-Resistant or Difficult-to-Control Hypertension and Stages 3 and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bakris George , Chen Cindy , Campbell Alicia K , Ashton Veronica , Haskell Lloyd , Singhal Mukul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH). We assessed clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization events, and costs in patients with aTRH or difficult-to-control hypertension and stage 3–4 CKD with uncontrolled vs. controlled BP.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study used linked IQVIA Ambulatory EMR–US and IQVIA PharMetrics Plus claims databases. Adult patients had claims for ≥3 antihypertensive medication classes within 30 days between 01/01/2015 and 06/30/2021, 2 office BP measures recorded 1–90 days apart, ≥1 claim with ICD-9/10-CM diagnosis codes for CKD 3/4, and ≥1 year of continuous enrollment. Baseline BP was defined as uncontrolled (≥130/80 mm Hg) or controlled (&lt;130/80 mm Hg) BP. Outcomes included risk of major adverse cardiovascular events plus (MACE+; stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), healthcare resource utilization events, and costs during follow-up.

RESULTS
Of 3,966 patients with stage 3–4 CKD using ≥3 antihypertensive medications, 2,479 had uncontrolled BP and 1,487 had controlled BP. After adjusting for baseline differences, patients with uncontrolled vs. controlled BP had a higher risk of MACE+ (HR [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.03–1.36]), ESRD (1.85 [1.44–2.39]), inpatient hospitalization (rate ratio [95% CI]: 1.35 [1.28–1.43]), and outpatient visits (1.12 [1.11–1.12]) and incurred higher total medical and pharmacy costs (mean difference [95% CI]: $10,055 [$6,741–$13,646] per patient per year).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with aTRH and stage 3–4 CKD and uncontrolled BP despite treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive classes had an increased risk of MACE+ and ESRD and incurred greater healthcare resource utilization and medical expenditures compared with patients taking ≥3 antihypertensive classes with controlled BP.
Comparing Antoine parameter sources for accurate vapor pressure prediction across a range of temperatures
Authors: Moshele Puleng , Stenzel Mark R , Drolet Daniel , Arnold Susan F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Determining the vapor pressure of a substance at the relevant process temperature is a key component in conducting an exposure assessment to ascertain worker exposure. However, vapor pressure data at various temperatures relevant to the work environment is not readily available for many chemicals. The Antoine equation is a mathematical expression that relates temperature and vapor pressure. The objective of this analysis was to compare Antoine parameter data from 3 independent data sources; Hansen, Yaws, and Custom data and identify the source that generates the most accurate vapor pressure values with the least bias, relative to the referent data set from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Temperatures predicted from 3 different Antoine sources across a range of vapor pressures for 59 chemicals are compared to the reference source. The results show that temperatures predicted using Antoine parameters from the 3 sources are not statistically significantly different, indicating that all 3 sources could be useful. However, the Yaws dataset will be used in the SDM 2.0 because the data is readily available and robust.
Electronic cigarette social norms among adolescents in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Yazidjoglou Amelia , Watts Christina , Joshy Grace , Banks Emily , Freeman Becky 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is common and increasing, especially among youth. In 2022/2023, 30% of 12- to 17-year-olds reported ever using e-cigarettes in Australia—a &gt;50% increase from 2017 (14%). Several adverse e-cigarette health effects have been identified and most effects remain unknown. Social norms, rules that govern social behaviours, are associated with current and future adolescent e-cigarette use. Understanding social norms in Australian adolescents is critical to the development of targeted and effective e-cigarette prevention activities. This study aims to explore e-cigarette social norms among adolescents living in New South Wales, Australia. A total of 32 online single or paired semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted involving 46 participants aged 14–17 years, as part of the Generation Vape project. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied within a constructivist perceptive. Adolescents perceived e-cigarettes use as prolific among their peers, with use considered common, acceptable and normal. Fuelled by social exposure to e-cigarettes, ‘everyone’ was generally thought to be using them (descriptive norms). E-cigarette use was considered so entrenched that it was part of adolescent identity, with abstinence regarded as atypical. Use was driven by an internalised desire to fit it (injunctive norm), rather than being attributed to overt/external ‘peer-pressure’. Positive e-cigarette norms exist among Australian adolescents with norm formation strongly influenced by social exposure, including e-cigarette promotion. Prevention efforts should include limiting adolescent exposure to e-cigarette marketing to help redefine existing pro-e-cigarette social norms and protect health.
Women, Peace and Security as deterrence? NATO and Russia's war against Ukraine
Authors: O'Sullivan Míla 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
NATO's security turn following Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine opened new prospects for adopting the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda from external operations to all tasks of the alliance. Drawing on feminist institutionalism and feminist pragmatist approach to security, this article interrogates NATO's WPS localization in deterrence and territorial defence. I demonstrate that NATO has in the past decade been unable to operationalize WPS in deterrence and defence. I identify following obstacles to NATO's post-2014 WPS considerations: first, implementing WPS pragmatically as an external, depoliticized and low-priority military agenda pushed primarily by femocrats; second, taking WPS to the strategic level while omitting practical localization in deterrence and defence; and third, approaching WPS partnership with Ukraine as a unidirectional transfer of NATO's WPS knowledge to Ukraine rather than a mutual learning. I argue that these institutional factors made NATO's WPS implementation only reactive and ultimately ill-prepared for such gendered security crisis as the one caused by Russia's full-out war against Ukraine in 2022. The article makes the case for rethinking feminist conceptualization of deterrence through the convergence of WPS and resilience agendas. This concerns going beyond military deterrence and centring social and political practices which are linked to societal resilience.
NATO and the global colour line
Authors: Sen Somdeep 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article explores the role of NATO in the upkeep of what W. E. B. Du Bois termed the global ‘colour line’—namely a racialized division of the world. Formally, the organization views itself as a defensive alliance, focused on safeguarding the freedom and security of its member states. However, building on works that reveal the racialized founding and workings of international relations, I argue that this seemingly defensive aspiration is premised on an antagonistic, racialized conception of the global order that is tantamount to what Du Bois conceived as the ‘colour line’. For one thing, it is premised on the metropolitan notion that values such as freedom, security, stability, human rights, democracy and rule of law are endogenous to transatlantic alliance and, by extension, the global North. Furthermore, by positioning itself as a line of defence against threats to these values also presumes that such ‘good values’ are lacking beyond the geographical limits of this alliance. Empirically, this article will focus on NATO's policy engagement in the Middle East and its strategic concerns with ‘threats’ of terrorism, conflict, fragility and instability emanating from the region that undermine the freedom and security of the NATO states.
Strategic clarity or calamity? Competing logics of deterrence in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Harris Peter , McKinney Jared M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What is the best way to restore or uphold deterrence when an existing deterrent is perceived to have decayed? One common answer is that deterrers should simply add more of the ingredients that generally make for strong deterrents: more certainty that threats will be carried out, more capabilities to inflict severe punishments upon an adversary, and greater capacity to carry out threats with celerity (speed). This answer draws upon an intuitive quantitative logic that more is always better when it comes to dissuading an adversary from taking unwanted actions. In this article, however, we explain how following this quantitative logic can have the unintended consequence of worsening security relations and provoking war, especially under conditions of shifting power. Using proposals for the United States to provide ‘strategic clarity’ regarding its intentions to defend Taiwan against Chinese aggression as a case-study, we show how efforts to maximize the certainty, severity and celerity of threats can backfire in practice. In general terms, our conclusion is that scholars and policy practitioners must assess the viability of deterrents from a qualitative perspective. With specific reference to Taiwan, we find that strategic clarity would be unlikely to strengthen deterrence in the Taiwan Strait.
Bargaining with Patriarchy in Peacemaking: The Failure of Women, Peace, and Security in Afghanistan
Authors: Akbari Farkhondeh , True Jacqui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
After two decades of effort to embed Women, Peace, and Security (WPS), why and how did the agenda fail to transform patriarchal gendered structures and prevent the regression of women’s rights and security in Afghanistan? To address this question, the paper investigates how the WPS agenda was conceptualized and operationalized in Afghanistan. We apply Kandiyoti’s concept of patriarchal bargains to analyze multi-level power dynamics across four peace and conflict phases between 2001 and 2022, drawing from primary and secondary sources, including interviews with women leaders and key experts. While 20 years of engagement could not be expected to transform the country’s conservative gender order, we argue that WPS efforts lacked a grounded understanding of the gendered constraints in a conflict transition as well as a political strategy for achieving its goals. While the case of Afghanistan is unique, it is nonetheless highly relevant to other settings making significant investments in WPS. For advancing WPS, the paper suggests that the international normative framework must be connected to local voices that understand the context-specific, patriarchal power dynamics and how to bargain with them to achieve outcomes and gains for women’s security and rights.
An unusual anterior mitral leaflet perforation in a patient with no infective endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Wei Kaiming , Yao Yu , Liu Chuanzhen , Cao Yuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Mitral valve perforation refers to the occurrence of cracks or openings in the structure of the mitral valve, allowing blood to escape through these gaps. Typically, this is caused by infective endocarditis and the most common site is the anterior leaflet. However, it is crucial to explore other potential causes of valve damage, particularly when conventional risk factors are not apparent.

Case presentation
We present a case of a middle-aged male patient who developed mitral valve perforation because of aortic valve regurgitation in the absence of infective endocarditis.

Conclusion
Exploring such rare cases contributes to a deeper understanding of valvular diseases and enhances clinical decision making for effective management.