bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Factors and Equilibrium Analysis of Luminescent Down‐Shifting Process for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yawen , Yu Jialun , Li Jiangtao , Wang Yusheng , Sun Baoquan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUtilizing photoluminescent quantum dots (QDs) as a luminescent down‐shifting (LDS) layer to convert high‐energy photons into lower‐energy ones is a prominent approach to reducing parasitic absorption of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Here, a ray‐optic model is presented to gain insight into light conversion contribution on the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of the SHJ solar cell with an LDS layer. The correlation reveals that the primary factors impacting external quantum efficiency (EQE) are the absorption coefficient at short wavelengths and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the LDS layer. Notably, PLQY is dominant in determining the contribution to the device efficiency if the LDS layer can harvest all the parasitic light, particularly when there is no surface reflectance change. Furthermore, the EQE spectrum of high‐efficiency SHJ solar cells is experimentally investigated with the QDs LDS layer to validate the model, revealing that it aligns well with the experiment results. Employing a MgF2/QDs LDS layer, the Jsc with 0.50 mA cm−2 is enhanced, yielding the SHJ solar cells with an efficiency of over 22.3%. The work develops a broadly applicable model that aids in screening suitable photoluminescent materials for LDS layer applications in photovoltaic devices and elucidates the theoretical contributions to EQE.
Manipulating bimetal structure of CuCo at mesoscale via topological transformation of layered double hydroxides
Authors: Ping Qi , Hu Yujing , Zhang Jian , An Zhe , Shu Xin , Song Hongyan , Zhu Yanru , He Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTopological transformation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing bimetal components is a powerful method for producing bimetal catalysts, but suffers from uncontrollable bimetal structures and catalytically active sites due to the indistinct mechanism. This work demonstrates the manipulation of CuCo structure by simply changing the aspect ratio or Cu/Co distribution (one in layer and the other in interlayer) of LDHs, affording (i) exclusive Janus Cu‐Co particles or well‐alloyed CuCo particles and (ii) CuCo alloy with Janus Cu‐Co, monometallic Co, or monometallic Cu coexisting. The mesoscale key factor in the topological transformation is revealed. In the syngas conversion, the selectivity to alcohol reaches 49.3% and 43.2% with C2+ alcohol fraction of >94% on well‐alloyed CuCo and Janus Cu‐Co particles with good affinity of Cu‐Co sites. But the presence of monometallic Co or Cu suppresses alcohol selectivity or C2+ alcohol fraction by facilitating the production of hydrocarbons or methanol, respectively.
Selective electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Yan Junying , Xia Yuxuan , Yang Jie , Cheng Liuhuimei , Liu Huiqing , Wang Baoying , Li Ruirui , Wang Yaoming , Xu Tongwen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium‐ion batteries is pivotal for overcoming lithium resource shortages and mitigating environmental pollution. Herein, we propose a novel selective electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (BMSED) process for simultaneous cobalt and lithium recovery from a citric acid‐leaching lithium‐ion battery solution. By taking advantage of the accelerated water dissociation of bipolar membranes and the monovalent selectivity of Li+ over Co2+ ions from selective electrodialysis, one‐step preparation of 99.96% purity LiOH, cobalt salt, and 0.63 mol/L citric acid solution was achieved. The steric hindrance effect of citrate across anion‐exchange membranes was investigated via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy characterization. The competitive migration between the proton and metal cations across the cation‐exchange membrane could decrease the current efficiency. A carbon footprint analysis revealed that the BMSED procedure accounted for only 18.40% of the total carbon emissions, demonstrating the environmental friendliness of this recycling method.
Tau‐related reduction of glucose metabolism in mild cognitive impairment occurs independently of APOE ε4 genotype and is influenced by Aβ
Authors: Carbonell Felix , McNicoll Carolann , Zijdenbos Alex P. , Bedell Barry J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have shown that amyloid beta (Aβ) is significantly correlated with glucose metabolism in mild cognitive impairment independently of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype.METHODSWe used a singular value decomposition (SVD) approach to pairwise cross‐correlation among tau, Aβ, and fluorodeoxyglucose PET images. The resulting SVD‐based tau and Aβ scores as well as the APOE ε4 genotype, were entered as predictors in a voxelwise general linear model for statistical assessment of their effect on FDG.RESULTSWe found cortical regions where a reduced glucose metabolism was maximally correlated with distributed patterns of tau, accounting for the effect of Aβ and APOE ε4 genotype.DISCUSSIONBy highlighting the more significant role of tau, rather than Aβ, in the reduction of glucose metabolism, our results provide a better understanding of their combined effect in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease.Highlights
This study uses a data‐driven singular value decomposition approach to the cross‐correlation matrix between tau and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images, as well as between FDG and amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) images.
From a population of mild cognitive impairment subjects, we found that spatially distributed scores of tau PET are associated with an even stronger reduction of glucose metabolism, independent of the apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype and confounded by Aβ.
By highlighting the more significant role of tau, rather than Aβ, on the reduction of glucose metabolism, our results provide a better understanding of their combined effects in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
Impact of the polygenic risk scores for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Leffa Douglas T. , Povala Guilherme , Bellaver Bruna , Ferrari‐Souza João Pedro , Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Lussier Firoza Z. , Schaffer Aguzzoli Cristiano , Soares Carolina , Zalzale Hussein , Rohden Francieli , Bauer‐Negrini Guilherme , Abbas Sarah , Schneider Maitê , Therriault Joseph , Lopez Oscar L. , Villemagne Victor L. , Klunk William E. , Tudorascu Dana L. , Cohen Ann D. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Karikari Thomas K. , Rohde Luis Augusto , Molina Brooke S. G. , Pascoal Tharick A. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEpidemiological studies indicate a link between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and elevated risk of dementia. However, the impact of ADHD on cognition and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in individuals with cognitive impairment remains unclear.METHODSWe computed weighted ADHD polygenic risk scores (ADHD‐PRS) in 938 cognitively impaired participants (674 mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and 264 dementia; mean age 73.5 years). A subset underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau, as well as fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG‐PET).RESULTSWe observed lower executive function in individuals with high ADHD‐PRS for both MCI and dementia participants. Higher levels of CSF phosphorylated tau, but not Aβ, were observed in dementia participants with higher ADHD‐PRS. Increased ADHD‐PRS was associated with glucose hypometabolism in the frontal and parietal cortices.DISCUSSIONADHD‐PRS is associated with a more severe disease presentation in individuals with cognitive impairment due to dementia, characterized by impaired executive function, elevated tau pathology, and hypometabolism in the frontal and parietal cortices.Highlights
We calculated the genetic liability for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using polygenic risk scores (ADHD‐PRS).
Elevated ADHD‐PRS was associated with executive function deficits in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.
Higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau, but not amyloid beta (Aβ), were observed in dementia participants with higher ADHD‐PRS.
Higher ADHD‐PRS was associated with brain hypometabolism in individuals with AD dementia.
Hypometabolism in the parietal cortex mediated the effects of ADHD‐PRS on executive function.
Efficacy and Safety of Ofatumumab Treatment for Anti‐NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis (OFF‐AE): A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Kundian , Peng Fuhua , Liu Jia , Long Youming , Guo Shougang , Wang Honghao , Yu Gang , Zhang Yanlin , Han Xiong , Tu Ewen , Zheng Yake , Huang Jialu , Zhou Yanxia , An Dongmei , Lin Guanyan , Wang Baojie , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Ping , Jiang Yu , Cui Beijia , Yang Zhenyu , Du Maiqi , Jiang Meiling , Qin Limin , Kong Xueying , Gong Xue , Liu Xu , Cai Linjun , Li Jinmei , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveOfatumumab presents a potentially promising alternative to current second‐line immunotherapy for refractory anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis (NMDAR‐AE). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab as a novel second‐line immunotherapy for NMDAR‐AE.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, nested cohort study compared patients with NMDAR‐AE from the CHina Autoimmune encephalitiS outcomE study registry (CHASE) recruited between October 2011 and February 2024, treated with and without ofatumumab. The primary outcome was the proportion reaching a favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤2) at the last follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included mRS scores and Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) scores over the first 24‐month follow‐up and the proportion with further mRS score improvement after ofatumumab initiation. A propensity score matching was performed to balance major confounders.ResultsA total of 715 patients with AE were screened. Fifty‐eight propensity score‐matched patients with NMDAR‐AE each in the ofatumumab group and non‐ofatumumab group were analyzed. Fifty‐four patients (93.1%) in the ofatumumab group achieved further mRS score improvement with a median time of 14 days from ofatumumab initiation, and 53 (91.4%) reached a favorable functional outcome at the last follow‐up. For those who failed first‐line immunotherapy, the ofatumumab group demonstrated a faster mRS score and CASE score improvement and more frequently reached a favorable functional outcome at the last follow‐up compared with the non‐ofatumumab group (87.9% vs. 64.7%, odds ratio [OR] 3.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–13.94; p = 0.026). No serious adverse events associated with ofatumumab treatment were reported.InterpretationOfatumumab showed substantial efficacy and safety, particularly in patients who failed first‐line immunotherapy, warranting its consideration in NMDAR‐AE management. ANN NEUROL 2025
Tribological Behavior of Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) With Different Molecular Weights Under Artificial Seawater Lubrication
Authors: Cheng Bingxue , Shang Hongfei , Duan Haitao , Zhan Shengpeng , Jia Dan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUltra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), a polymer with significant beneficial properties, exhibits variable characteristics based on its molecular weight. Despite its pivotal role in various applications, research into the tribological behavior of UHMWPE in seawater environments, particularly as it pertains to molecular weight, remains scarce. This study presents an investigation into the tribological behavior of UHMWPE under artificial seawater environments, with a focus on the effects of molecular weight, load, and sliding speed. The results indicated that under artificial seawater lubrication, the friction coefficient and wear volume of UHMWPE increase with the sliding speed, while the wear rate decreases. Additionally, an increase in load results in a reduced friction coefficient but higher wear volume and rate. With an increase in molecular weight, the friction coefficient of UHMWPE initially increased and then decreased, whereas the wear rate initially decreased and then increased. Notably, UHMWPE with medium molecular weights (3.0 × 106 and 5.0 × 106 g/mol) exhibited superior wear resistance in artificial seawater environments. This study elucidates the complex interplay between molecular weight and tribological performance in UHMWPE under seawater lubrication, providing valuable insights for its application in marine environments.
Research Progress on Biosynthesis and Regulation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Liu Xin‐Xin , Izzat Selar , Wang Guang‐Qiang , Xiong Zhi‐Qiang , Ai Lian‐Zhong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has gained considerable attention and has been extensively studied owing to its physiological functions, including weight loss, immune regulation, and anti‐carcinogenesis. However, the CLA content is very low in natural sources and insufficient to exert a probiotic effect. Additionally, its chemical synthesis is limited by the lack of isomer selectivity, harsh reaction conditions, and the introduction of organic solvents. Therefore, the synthesis of CLA by microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria, holds great promise because of its isomer selectivity, green process, and probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria. This article reviews the CLA biosynthesis abilities and mechanisms of CLA producers, particularly lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the factors that impact the CLA yield are discussed. Special attention has been paid to the regulation of CLA synthesis, including the optimization of culture media and conditions, co‐culturing of different strains, and regulation of the activity and expression of CLA‐related enzymes. Furthermore, prospective future research directions for CLA biosynthesis regulation are discussed.
Efficient Conversion of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Based on Elucidation of the Limitations in Multienzyme Cascade Reactions
Authors: Yu Fengrui , Li Hongwen , Li Xianglong , Shi Jianping , Feng Yanbin , Xue Song 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), provides a direct method for maintaining NAD levels, which may alleviate aging and metabolic disorders. However, the enzymatic conversion of NMN in cascade reactions is limited by intermediate product inhibition, and quantitative insights into these limitations remain scarce. Here, an efficient multienzyme cascade system was developed by quantifying intermediate inhibition, which synthesizes NMN from D‐ribose in three tandem reactions with an Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system and pyrophosphatase (PPase). A critical Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) concentration of 0.5 mM was determined, which inhibits phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (Prs) at 0.08 µM. The incorporation of an ATP regeneration system and PPase markedly increased the NMN yield to 81.3%. The intermediate phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) hydrolysis rate was measured at 3 µM/min. The highly active nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) could compete with PRPP hydrolysis, thereby increasing the yield of NMN. This research facilitates large‐scale, efficient NMN manufacturing.
Restoration of human tooth enamel
Authors: Liu Hanlin , Li Bo , Gao Mingrui , Li Yangbei , Yang Xiuyi , Li Fengshi , Cai Zhi , Liu Yi , Liu Shaojia , Zhao Hewei , Guo Lin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHuman tooth enamel, consisting of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (∼85–88 vol%), proteins (∼2‐3 vol%), and requisite water (∼10–12 vol%), is 1–3 mm thick at the outer layer of the tooth. It possesses remarkable properties such as high stiffness, hardness, strength, and viscoelasticity. However, when tooth enamel undergoes deterioration due to various factors, including unhealthy dietary habits, wear and tear of the enamel and others, it progresses from surface stains to enamel loss, ultimately necessitating entire tooth enamel replacement. This is because the tooth enamel lacks the ability to generate cells on the damaged side of the tooth after eruption, preventing self‐repair. Thus, enamel repair materials are in urgent demand, but clinical tooth enamel restorative materials nowadays cannot fully replicate the microstructure and function of natural tooth enamel. Numerous efforts have been made to develop the next generation restorative materials for tooth enamel to address different types of damage, including stains, defects, and loss. Here, we introduce the fundamental characteristics of tooth enamel at the beginning. Then, we provide a summary of the preparation process and function of existing tooth enamel restorative materials based on the various types of tooth enamel defects in detail. Finally, suggestions and development directions in the field of tooth enamel restoration are presented, with the aim of providing a theoretical reference for the creation of tooth enamel restorative materials that better match the microstructure and function of natural tooth enamel.
Perspectives and Emerging Trends in Plasma Catalysis: Facing the Challenge of Chemical Production Electrification
Authors: Bogaerts Annemie , Centi Gabriele , Hessel Volker , Rebrov Evgeny 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrification of chemical production requires the development of innovative solutions, with plasma catalysis being among them. This perspective summarizes many years of studies and discussions made in the frame of the ERC Synergy project SCOPE dedicated to the above aspects. However, it does not aim to overview the project results but rather use them in combination with literature indications to outline the emerging trends and present gaps to pass from a research area to a key technology to develop sustainable production and associated changes required in the modalities of production. The perspective thus aims to offer a vision of the future for plasma catalysis and its role in facing societal challenges.
Simulation study on atomization characteristics of swirl nozzle for dust removal of coke dry quenching
Authors: Xie Bochen , Zhang Xucheng , Zhu Jiayu , Liang Peng , Zhang Zhining , Wang Yaling , Zhang Yaqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo study the atomization characteristics of nozzles during the wet dust removal process of coke dry quenching (CDQ), the swirl nozzle, plain orifice nozzle, air‐blast atomizing nozzle, and effervescent atomizing nozzle commonly used in engineering were simulated. Droplet distribution and particle size produced by different types of nozzles were obtained by using Fluent software. The simulation was performed using the realizable k‐ε turbulence model, the discrete phase model (DPM), and the Taylor analogical breaking (TAB) model. While simulating the atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle at different diameters and pressures, it was found that a nozzle with a diameter of 1.5 mm produced smaller droplet sizes and a more uniform distribution. The droplets near the nozzle had a small size, were affected by airflow and gravity, and collided with other droplets during migration, resulting in the increase of some droplet size. At the water supply pressure of 10 or 12 MPa, the size of almost atomized droplets was below 100 μm. Diameter of 1.5 mm pressure swirl atomizing nozzle at the water supply pressure of 12 MPa is the preferred working conditions of CDQ dust removal. When Ca(OH)2 solution was used as the medium for atomization dust removal and SO2 adsorption, the spray particle size range was 4.44 × 10−5 ~ 2.94 × 10−4 m, which was smaller and more uniform than when the water was used as the medium. This study could provide preliminary data reference for the collaborative removal of dust and gaseous pollutants in the wet dust removal process of CDQ.
Effect of wettability on saturation distribution and separation performance in oily wastewater treatment using mixed woven fibre bed coalescers
Authors: Luo Huiqing , Li Ruilong , Bai Zhishan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFibre bed coalescers are widely utilized in oil–water separation applications. Due to the diverse nature of oil–water emulsions and the complexity of the separation process mechanism, the design and operation of fibre bed coalescers still rely heavily on empirical data, warranting further investigation. In this study, two types of polymer fibres with opposite wettability in oil‐in‐water environments were respectively combined with stainless steel fibres to prepare mixed woven fibre beds. The separation performance was compared by examine the saturation distribution in the wettable and nonwettable coalescing media. The effects of key factors influencing the separation process were also explored. The saturation profiles of the wettable and nonwettable fibre beds differed, with the wettable coalescing media showing more stable performance under high inlet oil concentration compared to the nonwettable media. Additionally, an industrial‐scale trial was conducted to treat oily wastewater generated in the process of organosilicon production.
Dual Cu/Ir Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation and Pictet‐Spengler Cyclization: Stereodivergent Access to Chiral Indole Fused 9‐Azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes†
Authors: Liu Xin‐Lian , Xiao Lu , Liu Yi , Li Yan , Wang Zuo‐Fei , Chang Xin , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryNitrogen‐containing bridged‐heterocycles and indoles are key subunits of many natural products and pharmacologically active molecules. We herein present a bimetallic Cu/Ir catalyzed asymmetric allylation of ketimine esters and (E)‐4‐indolyl allyl carbonates followed by acid‐promoted Pictet‐Spengler cyclization sequences, enabling stereodivergent synthesis of chiral indole fused 9‐azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes containing an eight‐membered ring with one tertiary and two quaternary stereogenic centers. This one‐pot sequential protocol features step economy, good substrate tolerance, and excellent stereoselective control.
Factors Contributing to the False Diagnosis of Misleading Dermatofibromas
Authors: Kormos Nicholas Florin , Paval Ioana Daria , Baican Adrian Lucian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesDermatofibromas (DFs) are common benign skin lesions with unclear etiology, possibly reactive or tumoral. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of DF misdiagnosis and to correlate histopathological findings with clinical interpretations.MethodsThe extraction for this retrospective study was conducted from 8035 excisions performed between 2016 and 2022 by 9 physicians. A total of 50 cases with conclusive histopathological diagnoses of DF and 33 clinical cases of DF were identified. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe clinical arm included 33 cases, with 7 having DF in the differential diagnosis. The mean age for a confident DF diagnosis was 57.86 years, compared to 44.35 years for a probable diagnosis (p = 0.023). Diagnosis accuracy was 69% for certain cases versus 43% for probable cases. DF on legs had higher clinical uncertainty, 6/7 versus 9/26 (p = 0.016). In the histopathological arm of 50 patients, lesions on lower extremities had higher correct diagnosis rates (p = 0.024) and were least accurate on the torso (p = 0.009).ConclusionsDF can pose a challenge even for experienced clinicians. Location is crucial as DF may escape diagnosis in less common areas. Patients' age and physician's expertise induce uncertainty.