bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children and adolescents at risk for seclusion and restraint in inpatient psychiatric treatment: a case control study
Authors: Czernin Klara , Bründlmayer Anselm , Oster Anna , Baumgartner Josef S. , Plener Paul L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: To reduce coercion in acute inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric units, a better understanding of individuals at risk for seclusion and/or restraint (S/R) is needed. We report data on the proportion of patients secluded/restrained and factors associated with higher risk of S/R.
Methods: A case-control study included all admissions (n=782) to a department of child and adolescent psychiatry within 36 months between 2019 and 2022. Data on age, gender, out of home care, primary and comorbid ICD-10 diagnoses, length of stay, prior/multiple admissions were compared between admissions with and without S/R using chi square tests for categorical and t-tests for continuous variables. Uni- and multivariate binary logistic regression models were computed.
Results: The overall proportion of S/R was 12.8% (n=100). Females (p=.001), patients in out of home care (p<.001), with prior admission (p<.001), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; p<.001) and Borderline personality disorder (BPD; p<.001) were at a significantly higher risk of S/R. Length of stay in days (OR 1.01), out of home care (OR 3.85), PTSD (OR 6.20), BPD (OR 15.17), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/conduct disorder (OR 4.29), and manic episode/bipolar disorder (OR 36.41) were significantly associated with S/R in multivariate regression.
Conclusions: Child and adolescent psychiatric staff should consider risk factors when using coercive measures. Patients with PTSD and/or BPD are the most vulnerable subgroup. Clinical practice needs to be adapted in order to prevent the use of S/R and its potential hazards.
Investigation of the Effects of an 8-Week Cross-Country Skiing Exercise Program on Various Reaction Time Parameters, Selective Attention and Academic Achievement in Adolescents
Authors: ÇAĞIN Musab , POLAT Sezen ÇİMEN , SAROL Halil , RAMOS Amador GARCÍA , ÇEVİKER Abdulkerim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Exercise slows or helps reverse the shrinkage of key cognitive brain regions such as the hippocampus, which is important for information processing, learning, reasoning and planning. For this reason, it is thought that regular exercise of individuals, especially during adolescence, which is considered one of the most important processes of development, can increase their performance in areas where cognitive activities are at the forefront. Cross-country skiing, one of the leading branches of winter sports, has a much more complex structure, unlike the branches that are widely preferred today (football, basketball, volleyball, etc.) and is a branch where many motor skills are exhibited at the same time. For this reason, the effects of cross-country skiing, which is defined as more complex and difficult than other branches, on cognitive activities are a matter of curiosity. In this context, the aim of the research is; The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 8-week cross-country skiing exercise on various reaction time parameters, selective attention and academic achievement in adolescent individuals. The study involved 54 adolescents who had no prior experience in any licensed sports. The participants were divided in experimental and control groups. Reaction performances were determined using the ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests, selective attention performances were evaluated using the Flanker Test and academic achievement was determined using the e-Okul system. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant group × time interactions for hand and foot simple, selective, discriminative reaction time, selective attention and academic achievement (p<0.05) due to improved values at post-test for the experimental group but not for the control groups. No significant group × time interactions were observed for correct reaction rate for all reaction parameters (p>0.05). The study concludes that the cross-country skiing exercise, which was applied to adolescents for eight weeks, had a positive impact on the parameters of reaction, selective attention and academic achievement. Therefore, parents are suggested to encourage their children to exercise and engage in sports practices like cross-country skiing to improve cognitive and academic performance during adolescence.
TREM2 Recognition of Candidalysin Orchestrates Mucosal Immunity in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Authors: Deng Weiwei , Chen Yishan , Liu Siqi , Lin Kefan , Zhang Kai , Wang Di , Yu Zhiying , Zhao Weijia , Xu Yingping , Wang Xiaowen , Yang Bin , Li Ruoyu , Liang Yunsheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The landscape of oral mucosal immunity, particularly in the context of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), remains largely uncharted. By employing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on murine models of OPC, we have illuminated the immune dynamics within this niche. We discovered a new subpopulation: TREM2-expressing macrophages, intrinsic to the oral mucosa, which infiltrated in response to Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. However, these macrophages were significantly depleted under cortisone acetate (CA)-induced immunosuppression. This study unveiled the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) characteristics of TREM2 during OPC, where TREM2 demonstrated the ability to directly recognize candidalysin at positions G65, N73, and N91-K92, inducing downstream inflammatory signaling regulation of TNF-α, which orchestrated macrophage and neutrophil responses and influenced Th17 cell differentiation. As a result, the absence of TREM2 increases the susceptibility of mice to OPC. Conversely, administering TREM2 agonists has been shown to facilitate the clearance of OPC induced by CA in mice. Therefore, our findings expand the understanding of TREM2 beyond its known association with neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, positioning it as a key receptor in bridging the host-fungus immune interface, and providing novel therapeutic insights for glucocorticoid-induced OPC.
Tunisian Artemisia campestris L.: A Potential Therapeutic Agent against Myeloma - Phytochemical and Pharmacological Insights
Authors: Limam Inès , Ghali Ridha , Abdelkarim Mohamed , Ouni Anis , Araoud Manel , Abdelkarim Mouaadh , Hedhili Abderrazek , Fennira Fatma Ben-Aissa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Artemisia campestris L. (AC) leaves are widely recognized for their importance in traditional medicine. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted on this plant overworld, the chemical composition and the biological activity of the leaves grown in Tunisia remains poorly investigated. In this study of AC, various solvent-based extraction methods were employed (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) to investigate its bioactive constituents by LC-MS analysis, and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer activities.
Results
Data analysis revealed diverse compound profiles in AC extracts. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities, while Hexane showed superior phytosterol extraction. Ethyl acetate extract displayed potent antimicrobial activity against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, all extracts demonstrated, for the first time, robust antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Cytotoxicity assays revealed the significant impact of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts on metastatic breast cancer and multiple myeloma, examined for the first time in our study. Moreover, further analysis on multiple myeloma cells highlighted that the ethyl acetate extract induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death and resulted in an S phase cell cycle blockage, underscoring its therapeutic potential.
Conclusions
This investigation uncovers novel findings in AC, notably the identification of lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, previously unreported. The study sheds light on the promising role of AC extracts in therapeutic interventions and underscores the need for continued research to harness its full potential in medicine and pharmaceutical development.
Evaluating Guideline and Registration Policies Among Neurology Journals: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Authors: Tran Andrew V. , Stadler John K. , Ernst Zachary , Smith Caleb A. , Nees Danya , Hughes Griffin K. , Vassar Matt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Neurological disorders have had a substantial rise the last three decades, imposing substantial burdens on both patients and healthcare costs. Consequently, the demand for high-quality research has become crucial for exploring effective treatment options. However, current neurology research has some limitations in terms of transparency, reproducibility, and reporting bias. The adoption of reporting guidelines (RGs) and trial registration policies has been proven to address these issues and improve research quality in other medical disciplines. It is unclear the extent to which these policies are being endorsed by neurology journals. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the publishing policies of top neurology journals regarding RGs and trial registration.
Methods
For this cross-sectional study, neurology journals were identified using the 2021 Scopus CiteScore Tool. The top 100 journals were listed and screened for eligibility for our study. In a masked, duplicate fashion, investigators extracted data on journal characteristics, policies on RGs, and policies on trial registration using information from each journal’s Instruction for Authors webpage. Additionally, investigators contacted journal editors to ensure information was current and accurate. No human participants were involved in this study. Our data collection and analyses were performed from December 14, 2022, to January 9, 2023.
Results
Of the 356 neurology journals identified, the top 100 were included into our sample. The five-year impact of these journals ranged from 50.844 to 2.226 (mean [SD], 7.82 [7.01]). Twenty-five (25.0%) journals did not require or recommend a single RG within their Instructions for Authors webpage, and a third (33.0%) did not require or recommend clinical trial registration. The most frequently mentioned RGs were CONSORT (64.6%), PRISMA (52.5%), and ARRIVE (53.1%). The least mentioned RG was QUOROM (1.0%), followed by MOOSE (9.0%), and SQUIRE (17.9%).
Conclusions
While many top neurology journals endorse the use of RGs and trial registries, there are still areas where their adoption can be improved. Addressing these shortcomings leads to further advancements in the field of neurology, resulting in higher-quality research and better outcomes for patients.
On the randomized multiple row-action methods for solving linear least-squares problems
Authors: Wu Nian-Ci , Liu Chengzhi , Wang Yatian , Zuo Qian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The randomized row-action method is a popular representative of the iterative algorithm because of its efficiency in solving the overdetermined and consistent systems of linear equations. In this paper, we present an extended randomized multiple row-action method to solve a given overdetermined and inconsistent linear system and analyze its computational complexities at each iteration. We prove that the proposed method can linearly converge in the mean square to the least-squares solution with a minimum Euclidean norm. Several numerical studies are presented to corroborate our theoretical findings. The real-world applications, such as image reconstruction and large noisy data fitting in computer-aided geometric design, are also presented for illustration purposes.
AMS subject classifications: 65F10, 65F20, 65F25, 65D10, 68W20
The effects of mobile phone addiction on bedtime procrastination in university students: the masking effect of physical activity and anxiety
Authors: Meng Shuqiao , Zhang Yu , Tong Wenxia , Ge Xiaoyu , Tang Lingling , Zhang Meng , Tang Wenjing , Onyebuchi Nzubechi , Han Yahui , Han Shanshan , Li Bo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Good sleep is one of the necessary conditions to ensure the normal performance of the physiological and psychological functions of college students. This study aimed to explore the relationship between mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students and the mediating mechanisms of physical exercise and anxiety between the two, with a view to seek ways to prevent and intervene in college students' sleep procrastination and improve their sleep quality.
Methods
Using SPSS 29.0 analysis with Bootstrap's method, 3,800 first-year students, sophomores, and juniors were given the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, Physical Activity Scale, and Anxiety Scale. The results of the analyses included mediation tests and effect analyses of anxiety and physical activity.
Results
(1)The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination (r = 0.149, p < 0.01) as well as anxiety (r = 0.497, p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between mobile phone addiction and physical activity (r = -0.447, p < 0.01). Physical activity was also found to have significant negative correlations with anxiety (r = -0.506, p < 0.01) and bedtime procrastination (r = -0.424, p < 0.01). Furthermore, anxiety showed a significant positive correlation with bedtime procrastination (r = 0.334, p < 0.01). (2) Physical activity and anxiety acted as substantial mediators between mobile phone addiction and nighttime procrastination. Both mediators had considerable masking effects, with the mediating effect amounting to 50.3% and 25.1%, respectively. (3) Physical exercise and anxiety played a chain mediating role between mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination, and the masking effect was also significant, with a mediating effect size of 13.4%.
Conclusions
This study reveals the special characteristics of the influencing factors and pathways of bedtime procrastination in this group of college students, providing targeted evidence for the prevention and intervention of bedtime procrastination in college students. It also has an important reference value for the effects of exercise and comprehensive intervention to improve bedtime procrastination and enhance the quality of sleep in college students.
Reaction Rebalancing: A Novel Approach to Curating Reaction Databases
Authors: Phan Tieu-Long , Weinbauer Klaus , Gärtner Thomas , Merkle Daniel , Andersen Jakob L. , Fagerberg Rolf , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Reaction databases are a key resource for a wide variety of applications in computational chemistry and biochemistry, including Computer-aided Synthesis Planning (CASP) and the large-scale analysis of metabolic networks. The full potential of these resources can only be realized if datasets are accurate and complete. Missing co-reactants and co-products, i.e., unbalanced reactions, however, are the rule rather than the exception. The curation and correction of such incomplete entries is thus an urgent need.
Methods: The SynRBL framework addresses this issue with a dual-strategy: a rule-based method for non-carbon compounds, using atomic symbols and counts for prediction, alongside a Maximum Common Subgraph (MCS)-based technique for carbon compounds, aimed at aligning reactants and products to infer missing entities.
Results: The rule-based method exceeded 99% accuracy, while MCS-based accuracy varied from 81.19% to 99.33%, depending on reaction properties. Furthermore, an applicability domain and a machine learning scoring function were devised to quantify prediction confidence. The overall efficacy of this framework was delineated through its success rate and accuracy metrics, which spanned from 89.83% to 99.75% and 90.85% to 99.05%, respectively.
Conclusion: The SynRBL framework offers a novel solution for recalibrating51chemical reactions, significantly enhancing reaction completeness. With rigorous validation, it achieved groundbreaking accuracy in reaction rebalancing. This sets the stage for future improvement in particular of atom-atom mapping techniques as well as of downstream tasks such as automated synthesis planning.
Relationship between risk of locomotive syndrome and low back pain in Japanese postpartum women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kajiwara Yuu , Matsumoto Daisuke , Inoue-Hirakawa Tomoe , Kawabe Rika , Nagai-Tanima Momoko , Aoyama Tomoki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy and childbirth lead to various physiological and anatomical changes, often resulting in low back pain and decline in physical activity in postpartum women. Locomotive syndrome is reportedly associated with low back pain and physical activity levels. However, the prevalence of locomotive syndrome and related factors in postpartum women have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between locomotive syndrome risk and low back pain and physical activity in postpartum women.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we included 86 women (30.0 ± 4.2 years) within 1 year postpartum. We assessed the locomotive syndrome risk using the stand-up test and 2-step test, physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, and low back pain using the Oswestry Disability Index. The Oswestry Disability Index score and physical activity levels were compared between groups with and without the risk of locomotive syndrome.
Results
Overall, 45 women (52.3%) had a high risk of locomotive syndrome. The high-risk locomotive syndrome group had significantly higher Oswestry Disability Index [10 (0–26)] than the non-locomotive syndrome group [4 (0–24)] (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of age, number of births, or proportion of women with low physical activity levels.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that more than half of the women within 1 year after childbirth were at risk of locomotive syndrome, suggesting a relationship between locomotive syndrome and low back pain. Prevention of postnatal low back pain may necessitate addressing decline in prenatal motor function. The findings underscore the importance of early identification and intervention for locomotive syndrome risk in postpartum women to prevent future low back pain and improve mobility.
Pan-genome Analysis of GT64 Gene Family and Expression Response to Verticillium wilt in Cotton
Authors: Zhao Zengqiang , Zhu Zongcai , Jiao Yang , Zhang Guoli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The GT64 subfamily, belonging to the glycosyltransferase enzyme family, plays a critical function in plant adaptation to stress conditions and the modulation of plant growth, development, and organogenesis processes. However, a comprehensive identification and systematic analysis of GT64 in cotton are still lacking.
Results
This study used bioinformatics techniques to conduct a detailed investigation on the GT64 gene family members of eight cotton species for the first time. A total of 39 GT64 genes were detected, which could be classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic tree. Among them, six genes were found in upland cotton. Furthermore, we investigated the precise chromosomal positions of these genes and visually represented their gene structure details. Moreover, we forecasted cis-regulatory elements in GHGT64s and ascertained the duplication type of the GT64 in the eight cotton species. Evaluation of the Ka/Ks ratio for similar gene pairs among the eight cotton species provided insights into the selective pressures acting on these homologous genes. Additionally, we analyzed the expression profiles of the GT64 gene family. Through overexpression of GHGT64_4 in tobacco, overexpression of this gene in tobacco could improve disease resistance of tobacco. Subsequently, VIGS experiments conducted in cotton demonstrated reduced disease resistance upon silencing of the GHGT64_4, suggesting its involvement in affecting lignin and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways, thus impacting cotton resistance. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed an early immune response against Verticillium dahliae in G. barbadense compared to G. hirsutum. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that some GT64 genes might play a role under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Subcellular localization results showed that GHGT64_4 is mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Conclusions
These discoveries enhance our knowledge of GT64 family members and lay the groundwork for future investigations into the disease resistance mechanisms of this gene in cotton.
Development of a Nomogram for Diagnosing Malignant Biliary Strictures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xia Peichen , Yin Minhao , Han Xu , Zhu Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Diagnosing biliary strictures is a significant clinical challenge. Currently, there is no reliable clinical evaluation system to guide diagnosis and treatment.
Aims
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors associated with malignant biliary strictures (MBS) and to develop a nomogram for assessing the malignancy of biliary strictures.
Methods
Patients with biliary strictures admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included and the medical records of them were analyzed to identify independent risk factors associated with MBS through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic analysis. Subsequently, a nomogram was established to aid clinical diagnosis.
Results
The study comprised 602 patients, with 290 patients classified as benign and 312 as malignant. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that symptoms of fever, CA19-9, presence or history of choledocholithiasis, imaging findings of malignancy, and ERCP results indicative of malignancy were identified as independent predictors of MBS, and the AUC value of the nomogram was 0.917 in the training set and 0.897 in the validation set.
Conclusions
The study identified several independent predictors for determining MBS and constructed a nomogram to assist in the diagnosis of biliary strictures. When the total point of the nomogram was greater than 128.0, the patient was considered to have a high likelihood of MBS.
Staging of improbability inside hydrograph investigation of river sink of partially scorched hilly section
Authors: Patil Rajvardhan Shrikant , Bharadiya Nitin Nathalal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

SWAT requires daily precipitation. In simulation 18 precipitation files have been used. On a daily basis rainfall statistics is exercised, in order to model the surface runoff SCS curve quantity method is implemented. This paper, focused on the blow of atmosphere transform lying on hydrographs. Beginning from year 2003 to 2022 hydrographs have been drawn, and analysis has been carried out. We found interesting results as; due to melting of glaciers in the Amu Darya River basin has a tremendous impact on hydrograph. A model has been prepared and Hydrograph analysis has been carried out. Due to variations in the Hydrograph, we can study the change in the collection of discharge through the catchment area also we can study the variations in the stream flow. From hydrograph analysis and disparity, people living in nearby areas are suffering from water scarcity. Farmers are suffering due to uncertainty in the collection of water and changes in climatic conditions. Industries are not able to draw a sufficient amount of water for production. A detailed study of hydrograph and its impact on society has been broadly mentioned. This article mainly emphasizes on application of SWAT modeling of hydrological processes in changing environment.