bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allele frequencies of three factor VIII gene polymorphisms in Iranian populations and their application in hemophilia A carrier detection
Authors: Azimifar S. Babak , Seyedna S. Yoosef , Zeinali Sirous 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHemophilia A is an X‐linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) primers were designed to determine allele frequencies of three FVIII gene linked markers, IVS7 nt 27 G/A SNP, BclI/intron 18, and HindIII/intron 19 among 85 normal Iranian women from unrelated families. Then same method was applied to perform carrier detection for hemophilia A families. The allele frequencies of IVS7 nt 27 “G”/“A” allele, BclI “T”/“A” allele, and HindIII “C”/“T” allele among normal women were 0.88/0.12, 0.52/0.48, and 0.48/0.52, respectively. The three polymorphisms were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium, which decreased the overall heterozygosity to 51%. Twenty‐one women from 15 unrelated hemophilia A families were referred to us for hemophilia A carrier detection. Taking advantage of these three biallelic polymorphisms in conjunction with multiallelic St14 VNTR (locus DXS52), IVS13 (CA)n STR, and IVS22 (CA)n STR, carrier status was determined in 16 women (16/21 or 76% of the at‐risk women) from 11 families (11/15 or 73% of the families). The used ARMS methods are rapid and can easily be applied in conjunction with other FVIII gene linked polymorphisms for indirect mutation detection of hemophilia A where they are informative. Am. J. Hematol. 81:335–339, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An interactive framework for power system harmonics measurement using graphical programming and the Internet
Authors: Lin Hsiung Cheng 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTraditional methods to measure power system harmonics employ the power harmonic analyser or the software package such as Matlab. They, however, have limitations in capability of graphical programming environment and extension to the Internet connection for remote monitoring and control. This paper presents an alternative approach using a virtual instrument (VI) that can carry out power system harmonics measurement based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The experimental results testify to its good performance and remote monitoring capability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 44–52, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20066
A mutation in the zebrafish Na,K‐ATPase subunit atp1a1a.1 provides genetic evidence that the sodium potassium pump contributes to left‐right asymmetry downstream or in parallel to nodal flow
Authors: Ellertsdottir Elin , Ganz Julia , Dürr Katrin , Loges Niki , Biemar Frederic , Seifert Franziska , Ettl Anne‐Katrin , Kramer‐Zucker Albrecht K. , Nitschke Roland , Driever Wolfgang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWhile there is a good conceptual framework of dorsoventral and anterioposterior axes formation in most vertebrate groups, understanding of left‐right axis initiation is fragmentary. Diverse mechanisms have been implied to contribute to the earliest steps of left‐right asymmetry, including small molecule signals, gap junctional communication, membrane potential, and directional flow of extracellular liquid generated by monocilia in the node region. Here we demonstrate that a mutation in the zebrafish Na,K‐ATPase subunit atp1a1a causes left‐right defects including isomerism of internal organs at the anatomical level. The normally left‐sided Nodal signal spaw as well as its inhibitor lefty are expressed bilaterally, while pitx2 may appear random or bilateral. Monocilia movement and fluid circulation in Kupffer's vesicle are normal in atp1a1am883 mutant embryos. Therefore, the Na,K‐ATPase is required downstream or in parallel to monocilia function during initiation of left‐right asymmetry in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 235:1794–1808, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring vehicle speed at a license plate using a pair of linescan cameras
Authors: Sakuma Satoshi , Takahashi Yasuko , Suzuki Akira , Shio Akio , Ohtsuka Sakuichi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn automatic vehicle speed measurement system is presented that can reliably associate the vehicle ID with the retrieved vehicle speed. The system captures images of vehicles passing between two points on the ground that are in the same vicinity, using a pair of linescan cameras installed in a parallel configuration, and measures the speed of passing vehicles by measuring the time taken for the vehicle license plate to move between the two points. In the proposed method, a pair of linescan cameras arranged in parallel is first used to detect passing vehicles and retrieve images of the front sections of the vehicles by capturing images of the vehicles from an angle diagonal to the direction of motion. High‐resolution images of the front section of the vehicles are obtained by image capture at a diagonal to the direction of the vehicles in order to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution images of the objects passing in front of the linescan cameras without the images being overly large. However, the license plate in the retrieved images is distorted depending on the position of the plate and the vehicle speed, and this distortion is corrected by performing a geometrical transformation on the images, based on the position at which the license plate passes the cameras and the time the vehicle takes to pass, as determined by finding corresponding blocks. After this, license plate recognition is used to determine the vehicle speed at the position of the license plate. A 24‐hour vehicle speed measurement experiment that used an infrared LED for illumination only during the nighttime achieved an 85.1% success rate in measuring the speeds of vehicles at the position of the license plates, thus verifying the validity of the proposed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(10): 33–45, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20274
A management system for Internet routing using the OSPF LSA
Authors: Nagami Kenichi , Matsushima Satoru , Kikuchi Yutaka , Nakagawa Ikuo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractImproved network reliability is a key concern for the Internet and corporate networks built on Internet technology. VPN operators, including Internet service providers and corporate networks, must be able to monitor the network services they provide to their users in order to quickly detect link or equipment problems and improve the reliability of their networks. The conventional approach to network monitoring, using SNMP and ICMP, tests whether another location can be reached from the monitoring terminal. But the delivery of user packets within the network is hindered not only by link or equipment failures, but also by mistaken routing information, which can effectively make the destination unreachable. For this reason, network monitoring also requires routing‐information monitoring, in addition to link and equipment monitoring. In this paper, we consider OSPF routing information within an autonomous system operated by a single organization, and propose and implement a routing information monitoring system. Our implementation connects to multiple networks and measures the stability of routing information on each network, considered an important indicator in monitoring routing information. It also detects routing‐information problems that cannot be measured using conventional network‐monitoring techniques, and by addressing those problems, contributes to improved network reliability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(10): 46–53, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20278
A Self‐Sacrificing Template Route to Spinel MIIIn2S4 (MII = Mn, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co, Ni) and MIIn5S8 (MI = Cu, Ag) Porous Microspheres
Authors: Lei Shuijin , Tang Kaibin , Qi Yunxia , Fang Zhen , Zheng Huagui 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA facile, self‐sacrificing template route has been developed to synthesize spinel MIIIn2S4 (MII = Mn, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co, Ni) and MIIn5S8 (MI = Cu, Ag) porous microspheres. The BET surface areas of the products are around 70 m2 g–1. The urchin‐like In2.77S4 microspheres precursor acts as both starting material and template to confine the growth of the final products. The phase structures and morphologies of the products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. Possible formation process and growth mechanism for the porous structure are proposed based on the experimental results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cultural macroevolution and the transmission of traits
Authors: Borgerhoff Mulder Monique , Nunn Charles L. , Towner Mary C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCultural traits are distributed across human societies in a patterned way. Study of the mechanisms whereby cultural traits persist and change over time is key to understanding human cultural diversity. For more than a century, a central question has engaged anthropologists interested in the study of cultural trait variation: What is the source of cultural variation? More precisely, are cultural traits transmitted primarily from ancestral to descendant populations (vertical transmission) or between contemporary, typically neighboring populations (horizontal transmission), or do they emerge as independent innovations? While debates among unilineal evolutionists and diffusionists have long since faded, there is still much uncertainty about how traits are transmitted at this macroevolutionary level, as well as about the implications of these transmission patterns for testing hypotheses regarding the adaptive function of particular cultural traits across human populations.
In vitro and in vivo (cyto)toxicity assays using PVC and LDPE as model materials
Authors: Van Tienhoven E. A. E. , Korbee D. , Schipper L. , Verharen H. W. , De Jong W. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe choice for a biomaterial is partly based on the outcome of (cyto)toxicity assays. The rationales behind the selection of certain parameters, such as cell lines, controls, and animals, were evaluated using a positive and a negative control, and one experimental sample designed to induce intermediate toxicity. Extraction and direct contact assays were performed using human epidermal keratinocytes and mouse fibroblasts and mouse epithelial cells. Cell survival was measured with the tetrazolium salt (MTT) reduction assay. In addition, local implantation studies were performed in mice and rats. The positive control induced a high degree of toxicity in all in vitro tests performed, indicating that the toxicity observed in the direct contact assay was due to in situ extraction of toxic components. In the direct contact assay the negative control tested on the mouse fibroblasts resulted in a significant reduction of cell survival. No decrease in cell survival was found using the experimental sample. Subcutaneous implantation studies in mice showed that the positive control material induced a severe degeneration in mice. However, in rats just minimal alterations were noted. The experimental material induced moderate responses only in mice. Our results indicate that the direct contact assay provides limited additional information on the cytotoxicity of materials if certain limitations are not taken into account. For the in vivo implantation assay mice were superior to rats in detecting local toxic responses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Influence of hydroxyapatite microstructure on human bone cell response
Authors: Rouahi Myriam , Gallet Olivier , Champion Eric , Dentzer Joseph , Hardouin Pierre , Anselme Karine 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMicrostructure of calcium phosphate ceramics has been shown to influence long‐term in vitro cellular events like proliferation and differentiation, and to favor bone integration in vivo. As long‐term cellular events are known to be dependent of early cell adhesion events, we decided to study the in vitro influence of the microstructure of a microporous hydroxyapatite (mHA) and a nonmicroporous hydroxyapatite (pHA) ceramic on serum protein adsorption and SaOs‐2 human bone cells attachment after 30 min, 1, 4, and 24 h and cell growth after 96 h. Plastic coverslips were used as controls. Hydroxyapatite composition of mHA and pHA was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy. The surface energies of ceramics were calculated from contact‐angle measurements in di‐iodomethane, water or complete culture medium. The total surface energy was 44.8 mJ/m2 for pHA and 48.7 mJ/m2 for plastic. The contact‐angle measurement was impossible on mHA likely because they displayed 12% of open microporosity, pHA ceramic exhibiting only closed pores (2.5%). Moreover, the roughness amplitude was largely higher on mHA (Sa = 4.35 μm) than on pHA (Sa = 0.065 μm) and plastic (Sa = 0.042 μm). Three different techniques were used to evaluate protein adsorption on the ceramics. SDS‐PAGE of desorbed proteins demonstrated that more proteins desorbed from mHA (66.02 μg/m2) than from pHA (17.2 μg/m2) or plastic (0.08 μg/m2). A new method was used to evaluate in situ the quantity of adsorbed total proteins: the temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The TPD analysis confirmed that 10‐fold more proteins adsorbed on mHA compared with those on pHA. A direct immunolabeling on ceramics revealed than more fibronectin and serum albumin adsorbed on microporous ceramic than on dense ceramic. The morphology of SaOs‐2 cells was the same on all the substrates after 30 min. At later time points, cell morphology on mHA was radically different than on other surfaces, with the particularity of the cytoplasmic edge that appeared undistinguishable from the surface. Only the extremity of the cells and lamellipodia were visible. Cells seemed like “adsorbed” by the mHA surface, whereas on plastic and pHA surfaces the cells displayed classical aspects of polygonal spreading. The cells displayed on mHA the highest initial attachment potential after 30 min, 1, 4, 24 h but the lower proliferation potential after four days. This study confirms that a microporous ceramic surface can modulate the adsorption of proteins and further the adhesion and proliferation of human bone cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The influence of the crystallinity of electrostatic spray deposition‐derived coatings on osteoblast‐like cell behavior, in vitro
Authors: Siebers M.C. , Walboomers X.F. , Leeuwenburgh S.C.G. , Wolke J.G.C. , Jansen J.A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article describes the influence of the crystallinity of carbonate apatite (CA) coatings on osteoblast‐like cell behavior. Porous CA coatings were produced with electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), and subsequently, received heat treatments of 400, 500, or 700°C to induce various coating crystallinities. As a result, an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), a crystalline CA (CCA), and a crystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) structure were formed, respectively. Uncoated titanium substrates served as the control group. After seeding rat osteoblast‐like cells, the initial cell attachment was similar between the groups, and approached 100% after 6 h. Between the various coatings, no differences were observed for proliferation, differentiation, or mineralization. However, proliferation of the osteoblast‐like cells was lower on all coated substrates after longer culture periods, compared to the uncoated substrates, while at the same time differentiation was stimulated. Furthermore, after 8 and 16 days of incubation, scanning electron microscopy showed more signs of mineralization on coated substrates, compared to the uncoated substrates. In conclusion, porous ESD‐derived CA coatings have a positive effect on the in vitro differentiation of osteoblast‐like cells, compared to uncoated, as‐machined titanium. However, this effect is not further enhanced by the degree of crystallinity of the ESD‐derived CA coatings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Peptide‐loaded dendritic‐cell vaccination followed by treatment interruption for chronic HIV‐1 infection: A phase 1 trial
Authors: Ide Fuyuaki , Nakamura Tetsuya , Tomizawa Mariko , Kawana‐Tachikawa Ai , Odawara Takashi , Hosoya Noriaki , Iwamoto Aikichi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractImmune response enhanced by therapeutic HIV‐1 vaccine may control viral proliferation after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although which strategies for therapeutic vaccination are feasible remains controversial, application of dendritic cells (DCs) as a vaccine adjuvant represents a promising approach to improving deteriorated immune function in HIV‐1‐infected individuals. The safety and efficacy of DC‐based vaccine loaded with HIV‐1‐derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) peptides were thus investigated in this study. Autologous DCs loaded with seven CTL peptides with HLA‐A*2402 restriction were immunized to four HIV‐1‐infected individuals under HAART. In terms of safety, peptide‐loaded DCs were well tolerated, and only mild local and general symptoms were observed during vaccine administration. ELISPOT assays to detect IFN‐γ production in CD8+ lymphocytes revealed a limited breadth of responses to immunized peptides in two of four participants, but no response in the remaining two participants. Differences in immunological response might be attributable to the fact that responders displayed higher nadir CD4 counts before starting HAART and were immunized with a larger number of DCs per reactive peptide than non‐responders. Discontinuation of HAART after vaccination failed to lower viral set points compared to those before starting HAART. This early outcome warrants further exploration to elucidate the therapeutic value of vaccination with DCs in HIV‐1 infection. J. Med. Virol. 78:711–718, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus Co‐infection and viral subtypes at an HIV testing center in Brazil
Authors: Pereira G.A.S. , Stefani M.M.A. , Martelli C.M.T. , Turchi M.D. , Siqueira E.M.P. , Carneiro M.A.S. , Martins R.M.B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing sites have been recognized recently as potential settings for hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening since both viruses share common routes of transmission. HIV and HCV prevalence, predictors, co‐infection rates, and viral subtypes were studied in 592 attendants at an anonymous HIV Counseling and Testing Center in central Brazil. Anti‐HIV‐1 and ‐HCV antibodies were screened by ELISA, and Western blots were used to confirm HIV infection. Among HIV‐seropositive samples, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and nested‐PCR were used to subtype HIV‐1 by the Heteroduplex Mobility Analysis (HMA) and HCV by the line probe assay (INNO‐LiPA). HIV and HCV seroprevalence was 3.2% (95% CI 2.0–4.9) and 2.5% (95% CI 1.5–4.0), respectively. Intravenous drug use was the risk factor most strongly associated with both HIV and HCV infections, even in a population with few intravenous drug users (n = 6); incarceration was also associated with HCV. HIV/AIDS‐positive sexual partner and homosexual/bisexual behaviors were associated independently with HIV‐1. The prevalence of HCV infection among HIV‐positive persons was 42% (95% CI 20–66), higher than in HIV‐negative persons (1.2%; 95% CI 0.5–2.5). HIV‐1 subtype B was identified in the env and gag regions of the genome. HCV subtype 3a predominated among co‐infected persons and one HCV subtype 1a was detected. Overall, a similar prevalence of HIV and HCV infections and a higher prevalence of HCV among HIV‐positive persons were observed. Integrated HIV and HCV screening at HIV testing sites may represent a unique opportunity to provide diagnosis and prevention strategies at a single visit. J. Med. Virol. 78:719–723, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Network of sexual contacts and sexually transmitted HIV infection in Burkina Faso
Authors: Latora Vito , Nyamba André , Simpore Jacques , Sylvette Bahiré , Diane Sandwidi , Sylvére Bukiki , Musumeci Salvatore 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo thirds of the people who have been infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world live in Sub‐Saharan African countries. The results of a study measuring the degree distribution of the network of sexual contacts in Burkina Faso are described. Such a network is responsible for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and in particular of HIV. It has been found that the number of different sexual partners reported by males is a power law distribution with an exponentγ = 2.9 (0.1). This is consistent with the degree distribution of scale‐free networks. On the other hand, the females can be divided into two groups: the prostitutes with an average of 400 different partners per year, and females with a stable partner, having a rapidly decreasing degree distribution. Such a result may have important implications on the control of sexually transmitted diseases and in particular of HIV. Since scale‐free networks have no epidemic threshold, a campaign based on prevention and anti‐viral treatment of few highly connected nodes can be more successful than any policy based on enlarged but random distribution of the available anti‐viral treatments. J. Med. Virol. 78:724–729, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for vaginal shedding of cytomegalovirus in healthy pregnant women using real‐time PCR: Correlation of CMV in the vagina and adverse outcome of pregnancy
Authors: Tanaka Kaori , Yamada Hideto , Minami Mashiho , Kataoka Soromon , Numazaki Kei , Minakami Hisanori , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the genital tract during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes is not understood fully. A real‐time PCR assay was used to determine vaginal shedding of CMV in 993 healthy pregnant Japanese women and the results were compared with the outcome of pregnancy. CMV DNA was detected in 76 (7.7%) of the women. The outcome of pregnancy could be determined finally in 848 women, of whom 60 (7.1%) were CMV positive. The carriers of CMV had an increased miscarriage rate (RR 6.96, 95% CI 2.04–23.84, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that latent genital tract CMV infection predisposes to adverse pregnancy outcomes. J. Med. Virol. 78:757–759, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.