bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing personalized ecologies
Authors: Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeople have unique sets of direct sensory interactions with wild species, which change through their days, weeks, seasons, and lifetimes. Despite having important influences on their health and well‐being and their attitudes towards nature, these personalized ecologies remain surprisingly little studied and are poorly understood. However, much can be inferred about personalized ecologies by considering them from first principles (largely macroecological), alongside insights from research into the design and effectiveness of biodiversity monitoring programmes, knowledge of how animals respond to people, and studies of human biology and demography. Here I first review how three major sets of drivers, opportunity, capability and motivation, shape people's personalized ecologies. Second, I then explore the implications of these mechanisms for how more passively and more actively practical improvements can be made in people's personalized ecologies. Particularly in light of the declines in the richness of these ecologies that are being experienced in much of the world (the so‐called ‘extinction of experience’), and the significant consequences, marked improvement in many people's interactions and experiences with nature may be key to the future of biodiversity.
Effects of deltamethrin exposure on the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) larvae from a dengue‐endemic region of northern part of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Prapti , Das Subhajit , Saha Abhirup , Raha Debayan , Saha Dhiraj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAedes albopictus is highly prevalent in the northern part of West Bengal and is considered to be responsible for the recent dengue outbreaks in this region. Control of this vector is largely relied on the use of synthetic pyrethroids, which can lead to the development of resistance. In the present study, larvae of three wild Ae. albopictus populations from the dengue‐endemic regions were screened for deltamethrin resistance, and the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) was investigated in deltamethrin exposed and unexposed larvae. Two populations were incipient resistant, and one population was completely resistant against deltamethrin. Monooxygenase titration assay revealed the involvement of CYPs in deltamethrin resistance along with an induction effect of deltamethrin exposure. Gene expression studies revealed differential expression of five CYP6 family genes, CYP6A8, CYP6P12, CYP6A14, CYP6N3 and CYP6N6, with high constitutive expression of CYP6A8 and CYP6P12 in all the populations before and after deltamethrin exposure. From these findings, it was evident that CYPs play an important role in the development of deltamethrin resistance in the Ae. albopictus populations in this region.
Baseline chest computed tomography for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia treated with intensive chemotherapy: A retrospective single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Janssens Emilie , Huygens Sammy , Moors Ine , Delie Anke , Kerre Tessa , Vande Weygaerde Yannick , Van Braeckel Eva , Boelens Jerina , Morbée Lieve , Schauwvlieghe Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a relatively common infection in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and is associated with high mortality rates. Optimising early detection is key to reduce the burden of IPA in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the added value of baseline chest CT before start of classical induction chemotherapy.MethodsAdult patients receiving first‐line intensive chemotherapy for AML were included if a baseline chest CT scan was available (±7 days). Data were collected from the electronic health record. IPA was classified using the EORTC/MSGERC 2020 consensus definitions.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2019, 99 patients were included. During first‐line treatment, 29/99 (30%) patients developed a probable IPA. Baseline chest CT was abnormal in 61/99 (62%) and 14/61 (23%) patients had typical radiological signs for IPA. An abnormal scan showed a trend towards higher risk for IPA (hazard ratio (HR): 2.12; 95% CI 0.95–4.84). Ground glass opacities were a strong predictor for developing IPA (HR 3.35: 95% CI 1.61–7.00). No probable/proven IPA was diagnosed at baseline; however, a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at baseline was only performed in seven patients. Twelve‐week mortality was higher in patients with IPA (7/26, 27% vs. 5/59, 8%; p = .024).ConclusionBaseline chest CT scan could be an asset in the early diagnosis of IPA and contribute to risk estimation for IPA. In patients with an abnormal baseline CT, performing a BAL should be considered more frequently, and not only in patients with radiological findings typical for IPA.
Health behaviors, knowledge, screening, and attitudes toward colorectal cancer among Iraqi adults
Authors: Mohammad Burhan Fareeq , Andsoy Isil Isik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the Iraqi population's health behaviors, knowledge, screening, attitudes toward colorectal cancer (CRC), and possible predictors that may affect their knowledge level.DesignCross‐sectional study.SampleOne thousand three hundred sixty‐one Iraqi adults from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq.MeasurementsThe odds ratio (OR) was used to find the association between knowledge of CRC and associated factors.ResultsAmong participants, 6.1% had a colonoscopy, 4.0% had a sigmoidoscopy, and 60.8% heard CRC screening. Participants had low knowledge level of CRC risk factors (5.52 ± 1.39), and symptoms (3.73 ± 1.16) and had a medium knowledge of screening (4.35 ± 1.02). Respondents who retired (OR = 1.30; p = .00) and who had graduated from university (OR = 0.86; p = .01) had a high knowledge of CRC, while those who were aged 70 and above (OR = ‐1.08; p = .00) had a low knowledge of CRC. Furthermore, it was found that Iraqi adults who answered “no idea” to questions related to attitude and who answered incorrectly questions related to risk factors were likely to have low knowledge (p = .00).ConclusionsWe found a lack of knowledge, screening, and misconceptions about CRC and screening among Iraqi adults. Thus, health training and screening programs should target Iraqi populations.
Effectiveness of lapatinib for enhancing 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and photodynamic therapy in human cancer cell lines with varied ABCG2 activities
Authors: Howley Richard , Olsen Jordyn , Chen Bin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract5‐Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence‐guided tumor surgery. We previously reported that lapatinib, a repurposed ABCG2 inhibitor, enhanced ALA‐induced PpIX fluorescence and PDT by blocking ABCG2‐mediated PpIX efflux. In the present study, we evaluated how the variation in ABCG2 activities/protein levels affected tumor cell response to the enhancement of PpIX/PDT by lapatinib and Ko143, an ABCG2 tool inhibitor. ABCG2 activities and protein levels were determined in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Effects of lapatinib and Ko143 on enhancing ALA‐PpIX fluorescence and PDT were evaluated and correlated with tumor cell ABCG2 activities. We found that both lapatinib and Ko143 enhanced ALA‐PpIX fluorescence and PDT in a dose‐dependent manner, although lapatinib exhibited lower efficacy and potency than Ko143 in nearly all cancer cell lines. The EC50 of ABCG2 inhibitors for enhancing ALA‐PpIX and PDT had a positive correlation with tumor cell ABCG2 activities, indicating that tumor cell lines with lower ABCG2 activities were more sensitive to ABCG2 inhibitors for PpIX/PDT enhancement. Our results suggest that, for optimal therapeutic enhancement, the dose of ABCG2 inhibitors needs to be tailored based on the ABCG2 expression/activity in tumors.
Comparison of Unplanned/Urgent‐Start Versus Conventional‐Start Peritoneal Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Yunfen , Jiang Weizhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe timing of peritoneal dialysis (PD) initiation, whether conventional‐start (planned) or urgent‐start (unplanned), may impact the outcomes of PD and the rate of associated complications in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of unplanned/urgent‐start PD versus conventional‐start PD in this cohort of patients. Electronic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus databases was done from inception until July 2023 for studies reporting outcomes of unplanned/urgent‐start and conventional‐start PD in CKD patients. Outcomes of interest included mechanical complications, post‐procedure infections, mortality, and transfer to hemodialysis. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and the influence of individual studies on the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were evaluated. Twenty‐seven studies were finally included in the review. The overall risk of post‐procedure infectious was comparable for both PD initiation methods (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.83–1.34). Similarly, the risks for peritonitis and exit site infections did not differ significantly. However, urgent‐start PD correlated with a significantly higher risk of overall mechanical complications (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.23–2.34). Specifically, the risk for leaks was notably higher (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.67–3.65) in the urgent‐start group compared to the conventional‐start PD group. Urgent‐start PD correlated with significantly increased mortality rates (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.39–2.41). There was no difference in the likelihood of technique survival and transfer to hemodialysis. Both urgent‐start and conventional‐start PD correlated with similar risks of overall infectious complications. Urgent‐start PD resulted in significantly increased risks of mechanical complications and mortality. Our findings emphasize the need for meticulous planning and consideration when opting for PD initiation.
Modeling Effects of Rumination on Free Recall Using ACT‐R
Authors: Gupta Anmol , Kaiser Clemens , Everaert Jonas , van Vugt Marieke , Roy Partha P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRuminative thinking, characterized by a recurrent focus on negative and self‐related thought, is a key cognitive vulnerability marker of depression and, therefore, a key individual difference variable. This study aimed to develop a computational cognitive model of rumination focusing on the organization and retrieval of information in memory, and how these mechanisms differ in individuals prone to rumination and individuals less prone to rumination. Adaptive Control of Thought‐Rational (ACT‐R) was used to develop a rumination model by adding memory chunks with negative valence to the declarative memory. In addition, their strength of association was increased to simulate recurrent negative focus, thereby making it harder to disengage from. The ACT‐R models were validated by comparing them against two empirical datasets containing data from control and depressed participants. Our general and ruminative models were able to recreate the benchmarks of free recall while matching the behavior exhibited by the control and the depressed participants, respectively. Our study shows that it is possible to build a computational theory of rumination that can accurately simulate the differences in free recall dynamics between control and depressed individuals. Such a model could enable a more fine‐tuned investigation of underlying cognitive mechanisms of depression and potentially help to improve interventions by allowing them to more specifically target key mechanisms that instigate and maintain depression.
Degrees of the stretched Kostka quasi‐polynomials
Authors: Gao Shiliang , Gao Yibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe provide a type‐uniform formula for the degree of the stretched Kostka quasi‐polynomial in all classical types, improving a previous result by McAllister in . Our proof relies on a combinatorial model for the weight multiplicity by Berenstein and Zelevinsky.
Circadian patterns of behaviour change during pregnancy in mice
Authors: Clarke Georgia S. , Vincent Andrew D. , Ladyman Sharon R. , Gatford Kathryn L. , Page Amanda J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFood intake and activity adapt during pregnancy to meet the increased energy demands. In comparison to non‐pregnant females, pregnant mice consume more food, eating larger meals during the light phase, and reduce physical activity. How pregnancy changes the circadian timing of behaviour was less clear. We therefore randomised female C57BL/6J mice to mating for study until early (n = 10), mid‐ (n = 10) or late pregnancy (n = 11) or as age‐matched, non‐pregnant controls (n = 12). Mice were housed individually in Promethion cages with a 12 h light–12 h dark cycle [lights on at 07.00 h, Zeitgeber (ZT)0] for behavioural analysis. Food intake between ZT10 and ZT11 was greater in pregnant than non‐pregnant mice on days 6.5–12.5 and 12.5–17.5. In mice that exhibited a peak in the last 4 h of the light phase (ZT8–ZT12), peaks were delayed by 1.6 h in the pregnant compared with the non‐pregnant group. Food intake immediately after dark‐phase onset (ZT13–ZT14) was greater in the pregnant than non‐pregnant group during days 12.5–17.5. Water intake patterns corresponded to food intake. From days 0.5–6.5 onwards, the pregnant group moved less during the dark phase, with decreased probability of being awake, in comparison to the non‐pregnant group. The onset of dark‐phase activity, peaks in activity, and wakefulness were all delayed during pregnancy. In conclusion, increased food intake during pregnancy reflects increased amplitude of eating behaviour, without longer duration. Decreases in activity also contribute to positive energy balance in pregnancy, with delays to all measured behaviours evident from mid‐pregnancy onwards.
imageKey points
Circadian rhythms synchronise daily behaviours including eating, drinking and sleep, but how these change in pregnancy is unclear.
Food intake increased, with delays in peaks of food intake behaviour late in the light phase from days 6.5 to 12.5 of pregnancy, in comparison to the non‐pregnant group.
The onset of activity after lights off (dark phase) was delayed in pregnant compared with non‐pregnant mice.
Activity decreased by ∼70% in the pregnant group, particularly in the dark (active) phase, with delays in peaks of wakefulness evident from days 0.5–6.5 of pregnancy onwards.
These behavioural changes contribute to positive energy balance during pregnancy.
Delays in circadian behaviours during mouse pregnancy were time period and pregnancy stage specific, implying different regulatory mechanisms.
Resolving Absorbed Work and Generalized Inertia Forces From System Energy Equation—A Hamiltonian and Phase-Space Kinematics Approach
Authors: Das Tuhin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper develops a theoretical basis and a systematic process for resolving all inertia forces along generalized coordinates from the overall energy equation of a dynamical system. The theory is developed for natural systems with scleronomic constraints, where the potential energy is independent of generalized velocities. The process involves expansion of the energy equation, and specifically a special expansion of the kinetic energy term, from which the inertia forces emerge. The expansion uses fundamental kinematic identities of the phase space. It is also guided by insights drawn from the structure of the Hamiltonian function. The resulting equation has the structure of the D’Alembert’s equation but involving generalized coordinates, from which the Lagrange’s equations of motion are obtained. The expansion process elucidates how certain inertia forces manifest in the energy equation as composite terms that must be accurately resolved along different generalized coordinates. The process uses only the system energy equation, and neither the Hamiltonian nor the Lagrangian function are required. Extension of this theory to non-autonomous and non-holonomic systems is an area of future research.
Cultural, Linguistic, and Geographical Diversity of Participants in Australian Physical Activity Research Studies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gilbert Stephen , Jordan Alastair , Ding Ding , Tiedemann Anne , Sherrington Catherine , Pinheiro Marina De Barros 
Published: March 2024

Background: The Australian population is highly diverse in terms of cultural heritage, languages spoken, and geographical dispersion. Health outcomes are often worse among these culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse populations, and this is reflected in rates of physical activity participation, with people from these groups often engaging in insufficient physical activity for health benefits. This research aimed to investigate if physical activity intervention studies conducted in Australia were (1) designed to recruit culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse participants and (2) recruiting culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse participants. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of physical activity intervention studies conducted in adults in Australia between 2015 and November 2022. Information relevant to inclusivity in study recruitment methods and diversity of recruited participants was extracted. Results: We identified and extracted data from 371 studies, of which 98 were protocol papers for which no follow-up data was available. Only 26 studies (7%) included methods to recruit culturally or linguistically diverse participants. Most studies (189, 51%) recruited participants from major city locations, with few studies recruiting from more remote locations. No studies included recruitment from very remote regions. Information on cultural, linguistic, or geographic diversity of participants recruited to physical activity studies was provided by 109 studies (40% of studies including results) with the majority recruiting White, English-speakers from major cities. Conclusions: Few Australian physical activity studies are designed to recruit culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse participants. Due to limited reporting of the diversity of participants, comparisons with population-representative data are unreliable.
Complete genome sequences of
Blautia hydrogenotrophica
DSM 10507
T
isolated from human feces and
Blautia coccoides
DSM 935
T
isolated from mouse feces
Authors: Böer Tim , Bengelsdorf Frank R. , Daniel Rolf , Poehlein Anja 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We report on the closed genome sequences of the acetogen
Blautia hydrogenotrophica
S5a33
T
(DSM 10507
T
) and of
Blautia coccoides
CLC-1
T
(DSM 935
T
). The
B. hydrogenotrophica
S5a33
T
genome harbors a chromosome (3,590,609 bp) and a plasmid (7,176 bp). The
B. coccoides
CLC-1
T
genome consists of a single chromosome (6,097,890 bp).
Comparative effectiveness of baricitinib and alternative biological DMARDs in a Swiss cohort study of patients with RA
Authors: Gilbert Benoit Thomas P , Mongin Denis , Aymon Romain , Lauper Kim , Laedermann Cédric , Perrier Clémentine , Mueller Ruediger , Courvoisier Delphine S , Finckh Axel 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThis observational study compares the effectiveness of baricitinib (BARI), a targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (tsDMARD), with alternative biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from a prospective, longitudinal cohort.MethodsWe compared patients initiating a treatment course (TC) of BARI, tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or bDMARDs with other modes of action (OMA), during a period when all these DMARDs were available in Switzerland. The primary outcome was drug maintenance; secondary outcomes included discontinuation rates related specifically to ineffectiveness and adverse events. We further analysed rates of low disease activity (LDA) and remission (REM) at 12 months and drug maintenance in bDMARD-naïve and tsDMARD-naïve population.ResultsA total of 1053 TCs were included: 273 on BARI, 473 on TNFi and 307 on OMA. BARI was prescribed to older patients with longer disease duration and more previous treatment failures than TNFi. Compared with BARI, the adjusted drug maintenance was significantly shorter for TNFi (HR for discontinuation: 1.76; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.35) but not compared with OMA (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.72). These results were similar in the b/tsDMARD-naïve population. The higher discontinuation of TNFi was mostly due to increased discontinuation for ineffectiveness (HR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.15), with no significant differences in drug discontinuation for adverse events (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.57). The LDA and REM rates at 12 months did not differ significantly between the three groups.ConclusionsBARI demonstrated a significantly higher drug maintenance compared with TNFi, mainly due to lower drug discontinuations for ineffectiveness. We found no difference in drug maintenance between BARI and OMA. Clinical outcomes did not differ between the three groups. Our results suggest that BARI is an appropriate therapeutic alternative to bDMARDs in the management of RA.
Differences in inpatient performance of public general hospitals following implementation of a points-counting payment based on diagnosis-related group: a robust multiple interrupted time series study in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Chen Chun , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Qingren , Hu Yipao , Liu Ruoyun , Zhang Xiangyang , Dong Yin 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThis study measures the differences in inpatient performance after a points-counting payment policy based on diagnosis-related group (DRG) was implemented. The point value is dynamic; its change depends on the annual DRGs’ cost settlements and points of the current year, which are calculated at the beginning of the following year.DesignA longitudinal study using a robust multiple interrupted time series model to evaluate service performance following policy implementation.SettingTwenty-two public general hospitals (8 tertiary institutions and 14 secondary institutions) in Wenzhou, China.InterventionThe intervention was implemented in January 2020.Outcome measuresThe indicators were case mix index (CMI), cost per hospitalisation (CPH), average length of stay (ALOS), cost efficiency index (CEI) and time efficiency index (TEI). The study employed the means of these indicators.ResultsThe impact of COVID-19, which reached Zhejiang Province at the end of January 2020, was temporary given rapid containment following strict control measures. After the intervention, except for the ALOS mean, the change-points for the other outcomes (p<0.05) in tertiary and secondary institutions were inconsistent. The CMI mean turned to uptrend in tertiary (p<0.01) and secondary (p<0.0001) institutions compared with before. Although the slope of the CPH mean did not change (p>0.05), the uptrend of the CEI mean in tertiary institutions alleviated (p<0.05) and further increased (p<0.05) in secondary institutions. The slopes of the ALOS and TEI mean in secondary institutions changed (p<0.05), but not in tertiary institutions (p>0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed a positive effect of the DRG policy in Wenzhou, even during COVID-19. The policy can motivate public general hospitals to improve their comprehensive capacity and mitigate discrepancies in treatment expenses efficiency for similar diseases. Policymakers are interested in whether the reform successfully motivates hospitals to strengthen their internal impetus and improve their performance, and this is supported by this study.