bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar metabolism by Dioscorea tubers during sprouting
Authors: Osagie Anthony U , Rees Tom Ap 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate claims that sprouting tubers of Dioscorea contain appreciable amounts of free pentoses and show high activity of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. [1−14C]‐ and [6−14C] glucose were supplied to tubers of Dioscorea rotundata Pair and Dioscorea bulbifera L. No significant labelling of free pentose was detected. The two isotopes labelled the fractions that contained the organic acids, ammo acids and protein almost equally. Pentoses were not detected in significant amounts when the sugar fractions were analysed by gas chromatography. It is argued that neither of the above suggestions is correct.
Influence of phenolic acids on morphological changes in roots of Pisum sativum
Authors: Vaughan D , Ord B 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAt relatively high concentrations (1 mM), ferulic, vanillic, p‐coumaric, p‐hydroxybenzoic, syringic and caffeic acids inhibited the growth of roots of Pisum sativum L cultured in a Hoagland nutrient solution under axenic conditions. These phenolic acids also profoundly affected root morphology in terms of extension growth of the main root and the number and size of the lateral roots. The precise growth effects depended on the phenolic acid. At concentrations that inhibited an increase in the length of the main root, the phenolic acids also inhibited cell division. To produce the maximum growth effect, the phenolic acids must be present continuously. Lower concentrations (1 μM)of the phenolic acids also affected root growth and morphology when the nitrogen content of the nutrient solution was limiting.
Effects of low and high dietary levels of beta‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) on the performance of laying chickens
Authors: Chowdhuryc Sachchidananda D 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn two experiments, commercial laying pullets and hens were fed diets containing either low or high concentrations of beta‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN), the toxin present in some legume seeds in the genus Lathyrus. BA PN was fed as mono‐beta‐aminopropionitrile fumarate. The main effects of feeding BAPN to laying birds appear to be on shell formation, egg weight and egg production. Heavier eggs, abnormal in shape and shell texture, were frequently obtained when BAPN was included in the diet. Effects on both egg weight and egg malformation were observed with or without a reduction in egg production.The toxic level of BA PN fumarate in the diet of laying birds appears to lie between 0.1 and 0.2 g kg−1. Considering BAPN content in seeds of different Lathyrus species and the level of active constituent of BAPN fumarate which had adverse effects, it was found that Lathyrus seeds which contain BAPN as a toxic constituent have margins of safety and could be utilised to constitute a proportion of the layer diets without any deleterious effects.
Effects of maturation and spawning on the gel‐forming ability of lizardfish (Saurida elongata) muscle tissues
Authors: Shimizu Yutaka , Wendakoon Chitra Nandanie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeasonal variations in the gel‐forming ability and chemical composition of the muscle of lizardfish (Saurida elongata Temminck et Schlegel) in the Seto Inland Sea were examined in relation to maturation and spawning of the fish. During the spawning period (June‐July) the gel‐forming ability decreased sharply with the marked decrease of myofibrillar protein content and the increase of myosin‐degrading (Modori) activity around 60°C as well as around 50°C. After spawning, however, in spite of a rapid recovery of the myofibrillar protein content, the gel‐forming potential remained at a very low level until September because of a high level of the myosin degrading activity. The Modori phenomenon observed at 50°C was distinguished from that occurring usually at 60°C according to SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of degraded myosin heavy chain.
Estimation of metabolisable energy for ruminants by near infrared reflectance photometry using multivariate methods
Authors: Berglund Ingemar , Larsson Kjell , Lindberg Walter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPartial least squares calibration is used to relate in‐vivo metabolisable energy for ruminants to N I R spectral data. The accuracy of predictions is compared with metabolisable energy estimated by rumen digestible organic matter in vitro. The measurement accuracy is in favour of the biological method. This is probably due to the lack of specificity of the N I R technique, ie chemical compounds that are different to rumen bacteria appear to the NIR spectrometer to be similar. This means that although a high precision is obtained the prediction accuracy is lessened as a result of low spectral selectivity. If sampling error and speed of analysis also are considered, the advantage of N I R spectroscopy becomes apparent.
Maize (Zea mays) response to nitrogen fertiliser on an ultisol in southern nigeria under two tillage and mulch treatments
Authors: Mbagwu Joe S C 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe response of maize to four rates of nitrogen (N) fertiliser (0, 60, 120 and 240 kg N ha−1) on an ultisol in south‐eastern Nigeria was evaluated under two tillage and two mulch treatments. Differences in plant height, leaf area index and grain yield between the conventionally tilled and zero‐tillage treatments were not significant at P < 0.05, but the mulched plots out‐yielded the unmulched plots by 23–46% during the drier seasons. On each tillage‐mulch combination, grain yield response to nitrogen was of a quadratic polynomial form, indicating that maximum yields occurred at 123, 139, 130 and 142 kg N ha−1 on the tilled‐mulched, tilled‐unmulched, untilled‐mulched and untilled‐unmulched plots, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (grain yield per kg N applied) decreased in the order tilled‐mulched (32.6) > untilled‐mulched (30.9) > untilled‐unmulched (27.8) > tilled‐unmulched (22.4) where the figures in parentheses represent nitrogen use efficiency (kg kg−1).For each tillage treatment maximum soil temperature was higher and moisture retained at 2 and 10 days after saturation lower on the unmulched than mulched plots. Percentage moisture loss between these days was 45.5, 83.3, 25.0 and 55.6 respectively, on the tilled‐mulched, tilled‐unmulched, untilled‐mulched and untilled‐unmulched plots. The untilled‐mulched plots had the highest contents of residual organic carbon and total N.
Effect of processing on thiamin and riboflavin contents of some high‐yielding rice varieties of punjab
Authors: Grewal Parminder K , Sangha Jaswinder K 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSix high‐yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L) were taken and subjected to 6 and 8% degree of milling. The raw rice and the parboiled rice were analysed microbiologically for thiamin and riboflavin contents. Milled parboiled rice contained more thiamin and riboflavin that milled raw rice at both the levels of milling because parboiling of paddy results in inward diffusion of water‐soluble vitamins to the endosperm. The thiamin content of brown rice is reduced after parboiling. The loss may be due to the partial decomposition of thiamin during the stages of parboiling, but the riboflavin content of brown rice is found to be increased after parboiling.
Apparent and true ileal digestibility of amino acids and nitrogen balance measured in pigs with ileo‐rectal anastomosis or T‐cannulas, given a diet containing peas
Authors: Leterme Pascal , Théwis André , Beckers Yves , Baudart Evelyne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe apparent ileal digestibility of the main constituents of a diet based on peas (Pisum sativum L) and of the amino acids of these peas was determined with three pigs which were surgically modified to create an ileo‐rectal anastomosis with complete isolation of the large intestine, and three pigs surgically fitted with a T‐cannula at the terminal ileum. The animals first received a diet containing ground peas as the sole protein source and then a protein‐free diet which permitted the estimation of the excretion of endogenous amino acids at the level of the ileum and the calculation of the true digestibility of pea amino acids. The apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, cell walls, starch and energy was systematically higher in cannulated pigs, but the difference was only significant for cell walls (P < 0.05). For the amino acids the difference was only significant for the apparent as well as the true digestibilities of methionine, proline and tryptophan. It seems that the observed difference originates from the collecting method for the cannulated pigs. The nitrogen balance has shown that with pigs an ileo‐rectal anastomosis emitted less urinary N and more faecal N (P < 0.05) than cannulated pigs. On the other hand, the estimation of the biological value and of the net protein utilisation of pea proteins was the same for both kinds of pig (P > 0.05).
Determination of aliphatic nitro compounds in the roots of Lotus pedunculatus—the effect of maceration on levels of components
Authors: Greenwood David R 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAliphatic nitro compounds (3‐nitropropanoyl esters of glucose)in the roots of Lotus pendunculatus Cav were determined by analysis of nitrite released on alkaline hydrolysis. This method was validated for quantitation of both total nitro compounds in ethanolic extracts and for individual components from TLC separations. The profiles of nitro compounds before and after maceration of root tissue were compared. A doubling of unesterified 3‐ nitropropionic acid and an associated increase in the putative monoester and 2, 6‐diester concentrations were detected, indicative of some hydrolysis of higher homologues. However, more than 75% of the 3‐nitropropionic acid remained esterified after the process of crushing root tissue to mimic predation by root‐feeding insects.
Nitrosation of some food‐related tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acids
Authors: Salvi Neeta A , Choughuley Ahmed S U 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA number of β‐carbolines whose nitroso derivatives are known mutagens and carcinogens are formed in cooked and processed foods. In this work the formation of N‐nitroso derivatives from 1‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole‐3‐carboxylic acid (1‐R‐THBC‐3‐COOH) and nitrite in aqueous solution was studied. The effect of reaction pH, nitrite concentration and duration of the reaction was evaluated. The yield of N‐nitroso‐1‐R‐THBC‐3‐COOH at 37°C was enhanced at low pH(about pH 2) and reached a maximum within 1 h when the stoichiometric amount was used in the reaction. Formation of the nitroso derivative was detected even when only half the stoichiometric quantity was used.
Effect of dielectric heat treatment on protein nutritional values and some antinutritional factors in soya bean
Authors: Petres Jolán , Márkus Zsuzsa , Gelencsér Éva , Bogár Zsuzsa , Gajzágó Ildiko , Czukor Bálint 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 10‐cm layers, batches (3 kg) of whole soya bean (Glycine max L var Evans) seeds at 14.3% moisture levels were dielectrically heated (frequency 27.12 MHz) to 115, 120 and 125°C. Net Protein Utilisation and Net Protein Ratio of soya bean proteins were improved by the treatments as observed in feeding trials in rats. Total lysine contents were slightly affected by the treatments. Trypsin inhibitor (TI), lectin and urease activities were very low and at acceptable levels in dielectrically heated soya bean samples. Kunitz inhibitor (KSTI) appears solely responsible for the residual TI activity measured in treated soya bean samples. When larger amounts (45 kg in 30‐cm layers) of soya bean seeds were heated to 120°C by dielectric energy, TI activity was sufficiently inactivated (93%).
Effect of harvest date and pod position on glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Booth Elaine J , Walker Kerr C , Griffiths D Wynne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPod samples from four varieties of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) were taken twice weekly from 26 to 3 days before harvest from upper, middle and lower third portions of the main raceme. Seeds were analysed for individual glucosinolate concentration by HPLC. Total glucosinolate content increased suddenly during the sampling period. The timing of the increase depended on variety but occurred before harvest would have been practical. Proportions of individual glucosinolates in Rafal, the only “high” glucosinolate variety examined, did not change over the sampling period. In the other varieties, the proportion of 2‐hydroxy‐but‐3‐enyl (progoitrin) increased and the proportion of 2‐hydroxy‐pent‐4‐enyl decreased as sampling progressed, so that the concentration of individual glucosinolates could not be predicted from total glucosinolate content. The ‘low’ glucosinolate varieties contained a significantly smaller concentration of progoitrin and summed aromatic glucosinolates than Rafal. Variations in glucosinolate content with pod position were smaller than those due to sampling date, but there was a greater concentration of glucosinolates in seeds from pods lower on the terminal raceme. The results would indicate that care should be taken if seed samples from the plant are taken.
Mechanical criteria of banana ripening
Authors: Nussinovitch A , Kopelman I J , Mizrahi S 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMechanical parameters have been evaluated as criteria suitable for following the progress of ripening of dwarf Cavendish bananas and for predicting the rate of the process from the data obtained at the initial stage. Three criteria have been found to be particularly suitable for that purpose and to give a very high and significant correlation coefficient (P <0.01) with parameters such as °Brix, starch content, water content, time and colour index. The three criteria are: the strain at a stress of 0.01 MPa; the ratio of stress at 0.05 strain to that at failure; and the ratio of the deformability modulus at small strain (0.2) to that at failure.
Separation and quantitative determination of grape and wine procyanidins by high performance reversed phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Manuel Jorge , Silva Ricardo Da , Rosec Jean‐Philippe , Bourzeix Michel , Heredia Nicolas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA method is described for the separation and quantitative analysis of procyanidins in grape and wine. On a polyamide chromatographic column an initial elution with water at pH 7.0 enabled elimination of interfering phenolic acids. A second elution with acetonitrile/water (30:70 v) was performed to extract catechins. A third elution with acetone/water (75:25 v) was carried out to obtain procyanidins. The quantitative determination of procyanidins was done by high performance reversed phase liquid chromatography. The HPLC analysis was brought down to ∼55 min. The method is accurate and reproducible and has an acceptable extraction efficiency.
Air classification of bean flour—effects on protein, antinutritional factors and the effect of a fines fraction on cultured explants of small intestinal mucosa
Authors: Van Der Poel Thomas F B , Aarts Henk L M , Kik Maria J L 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCommon beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L, cv Processor) were ground in different mills followed by air classification at two different classifier settings. These procedures yielded fines fractions containing protein levels ranging from 40.0% to 52.6%, depending mainly on cut points with classification. In the fines fractions, the protein content was at least double the level of the initial flour. Furthermore, levels of trypsin inhibitor activity and total and functional lectins in the fines fractions were one‐ to fourfold those of the initial flour. The coarse fractions, however, were not free of these antinutritional factors.Villus length in cultured explants of small intestinal mucosa was decreased in the presence of an air‐classified fines fraction. In addition, epithelium microvesicles were formed.From the present experiment it is concluded that air classification is effective in producing protein concentrates from Phaseolus beans. A clear separaton of constituents with lectin or trpsin inhibitory activity is not established. Based on the pathological effects of its constituents, fines fractions cannot be used in feeding practice without prior elimination of the lectins.
Effects of alley sward width, irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser on growth and yield of Cox's orange pippin apple trees
Authors: Hipps Neil A , Ridout Martin S , Atkinson David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom 1972 to 1988 an experiment was conducted which investigated the effects of four soil management treatments in combination with two rates of fertiliser application, on the growth and components of yield of Cox's Orange Pippin/MM 106 trees.By four years after planting, trees receiving irrigation and those in uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees growing in narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleys. This effect persisted throughout the life of the orchard, although after 16 years the girths of trees receiving irrigation were much greater than those of trees growing in bare soil.Increasing fertiliser application rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha−1 had either negligible or inconsistent effects on tree growth, fruit yield and size.The cumulative yield of fruit over 12 cropping years was much greater for trees growing in bare soil and for those receiving irrigation than for those growing in the narrow bare‐soil strip system.The increase in tree girth and yield caused by irrigation and bare soil, particularly in dry years, together with the lack of response to the larger rate of fertiliser application, suggests than water was more of a limiting factor than nitrogen supply for this orchard. Irrigation offers an alternative method of management to herbicide for increasing tree growth and fruit yield.
Nutritional value of cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and their isolated major protein fractions
Authors: Marquez Ursula M Lanfer , Lajolo Franco M 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe digestibility and nutritional properties of whole cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and their isolated and cooked major protein fractions were evaluated in rats. Isolated globulin GI was highly digestible (89.5%) but had a low NPR value (1.51). The albumins and glutelins exhibited intermediate digestibilities (79.1 and 73.2%) and a biological utilisation NPR of 3.18 and 2.91, respectively, 30% lower than casein. Whole beans exhibited the poorest digestibility (62.8%) with a faecal excretion of more than 30% of the ingested nitrogen and an intermediate NPR of 2.27. There was a direct relation between the amount of ingested dietary fibre and dry matter and N excretion. Enrichment of whole beans with the isolated albumin fraction, rich as it is in sulphur amino acids, did not improve NPR value. Dry beans apparently contain components producing undigestible protein complexes which affect amino acid availability and increase endogenous nitrogen excretion.
Prediction of mechanical dough development, water absorption and baking performance from farinograph parameters
Authors: Atkins Thomas D , Larsen Nigel G 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo systems for measuring flour water absorption (WA), the farinograph (FAR) and the Wheat Research Institute, 125 g mechanical dough development (MDD) standard bake test system, were compared using a representative sample of 20 commercial flours. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.93) was found which yielded the predictive equation: WAMDD = 0.66 × WAFAR + 181 The 95% prediction limits for 125 g MDD water absorptions from this equation were ± 15 g kg−1. This degree of accuracy was largely due to excellent farinograph reproducibility.Other farinograph parameters (development time, stability and breakdown) were highly correlated with the work input required for 125 g mechanical dough development, but only development time was significantly correlated with the volume of loaves baked on the 125 g standard bake system. This lack of prediction of baking quality for the farinograph could partly be because it simulates bulk fermentation mixing, rather than the more intensive mixing of the mechanical dough development process used for the loaves in this experiment. However, the loaf volume range was diminished since sample preparation involved bulking flours by water absorption.
Analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts from cones and leaves of a Humulus lupulus L cultivar
Authors: Langezaal Carlos R , Chandra Amitabh , Katsiotis Stavros T , Scheffer Johannes J C , De Haan Andre B 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExtracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cones and leaves of hop (Humulus lupulus L) at different combinations of temperature and pressure were analysed for their α‐ and β‐acids and volatiles, using HPLC and GC respectively. The yield and composition of the mixtures of bitter compounds from the cones were largely influenced by the temperature and pressure applied during the extraction. Bitter compounds could not be detected in the extracts from the leaves. The most important volatile components identified were β‐myrcene, β‐caryophyllene and α‐humulene. The extraction parameters also influenced the composition of the mixture of volatiles from the cones and leaves, 40°C and 20.0 MPa being optimum for the extraction of both bitter compounds and volatiles, which are thought to be important for the aroma of beer.
Structural specificity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Saponin Haemolysis and Its Impact on Two Haemolysis based Quantification Methods
Authors: Oleszek Wiesław 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral individual alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) root saponins were tested for their haemolytic activities using two methods, namely the haemolytic index test and a haemolytic micromethod. It was shown that individual saponins gave different haemolytic activities depending on their structure and also on the haemolytic test used. Generally it was found that saponin monodesmosides were more active than their bisdesmosidic analogues. These differences in haemolytic activities may strongly influence the results of saponin determination with haemolysis‐based methods.
Two digalactosyldiacylglycerols with different anomeric configuration in leguminous seeds
Authors: Kojima Michiyuki , Seki Tomokazu , Ohnishi Masao , Ito Seisuke 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG), galactosyl(α1 → 6)‐galactosyl (β1 → 3′)‐diacylglycerol (A isomer) and galactosyl(β1 → 6)‐galactosyl(β1 → 3′)‐diacylglycerol (B isomer), were found to be commonly distributed in some leguminous seeds. B isomer DGDG was detected in the range 1·9–32·5% of the whole DGDG from four varieties of kidney bean, five varieties of soya bean and adzuki bean, and one variety of pea, broad bean and scarlet runner bean. In kidney bean, the principal molecular species of diacylglycerol moieties in B isomer DGDG were dilinolenin (LnLn), linoleoyllinolenin (LLn) and oleoyllinolenin (OLn), whereas those in A isomer were LnLn, OLn and LLn. The major molecular species of B isomer DGDG from broad bean were predominantly dilinolenin (LL) and LLn which were found to be significantly different from those of kidney bean.