bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF AGE, SEX, STARVATION, HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND GROWTH HORMONE FROM SEVERAL SPECIES ON THE INORGANIC SULPHATE POOL AND ON THE INCORPORATION IN VIVO OF SULPHATE INTO MOUSE COSTAL CARTILAGE
Authors: Herbai Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of several conditions on sulphate incorporation into costal cartilage was investigated in mice of the N.M.R.I.-strain and in dwarfmice (dw/dw) by a new double isotope technique. The method permits estimation of sulphate incorporation into costal cartilage in vivo after correction for the size of the exchangeable inorganic sulphate pool of the individual animal.
Detoxication to phenyl sulphate of injected phenol, following an injection of 3H-phenol and 35S-sulphate into the mice, allows determination of the sulphate pool. The incorporation rate of sulphate is expressed in ng, and includes all SO4 which had been incorporated in vivo into 5 pairs of cartilaginous ribs including their osteochondral junctions during 30 minutes. Sulphation rate was rather constant in growing female mice between 3 and 8 weeks age and then decreased markedly. Growing male mice exhibited an increase of sulphation activity until an age of 5 weeks and then a gradual decrease, similar to that of the females. Growth rates of both sexes were positively correlated with sulphate uptake activities. The form of the disappearance curve of incorporated sulphate suggested that the standard cartilage sample includes regions with different sulphate-metabolizing activities.
Hypophysectomy resulted in a decrease of sulphation rate to a level about 30% of the control values, which was constant for several weeks. Starvation of the animals likewise depressed the sulphation rate and after 72 hours starvation the values became similar to those after hypophysectomy. Dwarf mice had much lower sulphation activities than their heterozygous controls. Neither bovine GH nor human GH elevated the low sulphation activity of hypophysectomized mice but porcine and ovine GH-preparations had a pronounced and dose-dependent effect. Normal growing male and female mice showed no response to large doses of ovine GH. Ear, xiphoid and tracheal cartilage from hypophysectomized animals behaved as costal cartilage with respect to the reduction in sulphation rate, but GH restored the sulphation values to normal only in costal cartilage. A single dose of 1 mg ovine GH given to hypophysectomized mice at different times in relation to the sulphation experiment increased sulphate incorporation only after a time lag of more than 8 but less than 17 hours after injection of GH, whose effect lasted at least 38 hours.
FUNCTIONAL MICROANGIOPATHY IN ALLOXAN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Scher Steven M. , Lawrence A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Increased capillary permeability can be demonstrated in rats with recently acquired diabetes mellitus induced with alloxan. Alloxan injected non-diabetic rats failed to demonstrate such functional microangiopathology. Diabetic animals were characterized by more rapid transudation of intravenously administered bromphenol blue into intradermal wheals, more rapid loss of radioactive rat serum proteins from the vascular compartment and by the development of gross peripheral oedema or anasarca after intravenous administration of high molecular weight dextran. By contrast, non-diabetic rats, lacking increased vascular permeability, died in acute pulmonary oedema following intravenous colloid overload. It is proposed that functional pathology of the microvasculature characterized by increased capillary permeability may be significantly responsible for the special anatomic changes seen in human diabetic angiopathy.
DISAPPEARANCE IN PLASMA AND TISSUE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVITY AFTER AN INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF [6,7-3H] NORETHYNODREL IN WOMEN
Authors: Laumas K. R. , Murugesan K. , Hingorani V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After an iv injection of [6,7-3H] norethynodrel to six women, the disappearance of radioactivity in plasma and the uptake in endometrium, myometrium and cervix at different times have been studied. The plasma disappearance curve due to norethynodrel and its metabolites showed an initial rapid disappearance with an average half-life of 76 min and a subsequent slower disappearance with a mean half-life of 45 h. The average volumes of distribution V1 and V̄ are about 17 and 119 litres respectively. The disappearance curve has been analysed on the basis of a biexponential curve representing a model consisting of two compartments. The second average half-life of 45 h is much longer than that of other hormones studied and it also explains the effectiveness of norethynodrel for 24 h or longer. Disappearance of radioactivity in the erythrocytes followed a similar pattern of disappearance of radioactivity in plasma, however, the levels were lower.
The molar concentration of radioactivity was of the order of 14.5 × 10−9 m in the endometrium, 7.1 × 10−9 m in the myometrium and with the progress of time a higher uptake in the endometrium compared with the myometrium was found. Sub-cellular distribution showed 60–70% in the 105 000 g supernatant and 30% in the nuclear fraction of the endometrium. The significance of these results on the transport and action of norethynodrel is discussed.
EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION OF [6,7-3H]OESTRONE AND [6,7-3H] 17β-OESTRADIOL METABOLITES IN FEMALE RAT TISSUES, DURING LONG-TERM INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS
Authors: Hertogh R. De , Ekka E. , Vanderheyden I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Equilibrium concentrations of oestrone (OE1) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) metabolites in rat tissues were investigated by means of long-term infusions with varying amounts of labelled hormones.
3 hour-infusions were found sufficient to allow an equilibrium to be established between concentrations of metabolites in the plasma, liver, uterus, adrenals, fat and striated muscle and the infusion rate. In all these tissues, except the uterus, the equilibrium concentration was directly proportional to the rate of infusion. (The »concentration index«, i. e. the concentration per unit rate of infusion was constant). Hence, the results could be directly interpreted on a physiological basis. OE1 and OE2 were the major metabolites in all the tissues investigated, accounting for 47 to 78% of the total radioactivity in the plasma, 82 to 102% in the uterus, 40 to 48% in the liver, 80 to 120% in the adrenals, 53 to 85% in the adipose tissue and 66 to 93% in the muscle. Other fractions consisted of conjugates, mostly in the liver: 11 to 23% and in the plasma: 15 to%, of polar metabolites, mostly in the liver: 19% to 33%, or of non-polar metabolites, mostly in the adipose tissue: 5 to 17% and in the adrenals: 2 to 12%. The infused hormone was always predominant in all the tissues investigated except in the liver where the OE1/OE2 ratio was about 10, in either type of infusions. Hence, extensive interconversion between OE1 and OE2 was found to occur in that tissue. OE1 was taken up to a higher level than OE2 in the adipose tissue, whereas the reverse situation occurred in the uterus. In the latter tissue, the uptake was higher towards the end as compared to the early period of the cycle.
A »molar concentration index« (i. e. molar concentration per unit rate of infusion) of the infused hormone (either OE1 or OE2) was calculated. It ranged from 0.7 to 7 × 10−11 m/kg/ng/h, depending on the tissue investigated. Hence the OE2 concentration in these tissues under physiological conditions is not likely to exceed 10−9 m/kg.
The results are discussed with regard to the mechanism of hormone uptake in the tissues and the metabolism of the hormone, as assessed by urinary analysis.
ROLE OF NON-LUTEAL OVARIAN TISSUES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Kraicer P. F. , Kisch E. S. , Nussbaum M. , Tandlich Ada 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The maintenance of pregnancy by daily injections of progesterone from the time of nidation to term has been studied in rats following removal of the ovaries, removal of the active corpora lutea or pharmacological suppression of the corpora lutea with ergocornine. Progesterone was able to maintain normal embryogenesis following ergocornine or removal of corpora lutea but not in ovariectomized rats. This suggests that the non-luteal tissues of the ovary secrete hormones essential for the maintenance of gestation. Other observations include a high pre-implantation loss of embryos and an increase in the average conceptus weight not correlated with the litter size following removal of corpora lutea or of the ovaries. It is concluded that pregnancy is maintained by the combined activities of luteal and non-luteal ovarian tissues.
EXCRETION OF OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Frandsen Per , Jensen Svend Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method has been developed for the estimation of oxytocin in human urine. The assay of oxytocin was based on the milk-ejecting activity measured in lactating rats following a preceding chromatographic concentration of oxytocin. Recovery experiments of oxytocin were performed, and the yield was about 70%. No endogenous milk-ejecting activity was detected, i. e. the excretion of endogenous oxytocin, if any, was less than 2 mU per 24 h. The 4 hour urine excretion of vasopressin and oxytocin was respectively about 5% and 0.2% of the subcutaneously injected dose.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF URINARY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Arends J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A description of a radioimmunoassay procedure for human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in urine is presented.
The labelled hormone used is purified by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide columns, and several parameters are described for assessing the immunological reactivity of the final product.
Separation of free from antibody-bound hormone is accomplished by salting-out with ammonium sulphate, and a detailed account of the technique is given.
Interference with both the precipitation process and with the antigen – antibody reaction by non-hormonal constituents in urine can for all practical purposes be disregarded.
Application of the method for routine work on pregnancy urines shows good correlation with a bioassay method. Comparison of biopotency and immunopotency of HCG in urines from patients with trophoblastic diseases indicates a deviation from HCG in normal uncomplicated pregnancies, although this is not of sufficient magnitude to allow a differential diagnosis.
The inter-assay variation coefficient is about 18% and the sensitivity is good, but is limited in practice due to cross reactivity with luteinizing hormone.
COMPARISON BETWEEN β1–24 CORTICOTROPHIN DW-75 (SANDOZ) AND NATURAL CORTICOTROPHIN IN NORMAL ADULTS PRETREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: Helweg-Larsen Karin , Ulrich Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three different ACTH preparations, a synthetic pentacosapeptide (DW-75, Sandoz), a synthetic tetracosapeptide (Synacthen®) and natural ACTH (Acton®) were administered to 11 normal young experimental subjects by intravenous injection. The biological activity was measured by the rise in plasma 11-OH-corticosteroids in the experimental subjects in whom the endogenous ACTH production was suppressed by means of dexamethasone.
The study of the stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex showed that both with regard to magnitude of the maximal response and the duration of the response, the three preparations had more or less the same activity per international unit as measured by Sayers' subcutaneous test. In addition, it was found with all three ACTH preparations that the intravenous injection of a dose between 1 IU and 2 IU gave a maximal rise in plasma 11-OH-corticosteroids.
SQUALENE AND LANOSTEROL SYNTHESIS IN THE FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT AT MIDGESTATION
Authors: van Leusden H. A. , Siemerink M. , Telegdy G. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to investigate the synthesis of squalene and lanosterol in the human foeto-placental unit at midgestation, two complete foeto-placental units, two isolated midgestation foetuses and two isolated midgestation placentas were perfused with [14C] sodium acetate immediately following their removal at laparotomy. The perfusions were carried out at 36°C for 90 minutes, administering 5.0 mCi (foeto-placental units), or 2.5 mCi (separate perfusions of foetuses or placentas) amounts of [14C] sodium acetate.
Chromatographic evidence indicated the presence of [14C] squalene-like material in the extracts of all adrenals and livers. Radiochemically homogeneous squalene was isolated in the form of squalene dodecabromide from one adrenal and two liver extracts, which were studied more in detail. In the extracts of all placentas, testicles, carcasses and perfusates, the presence of any [14C] squalene was excluded by crystallization.
Sufficient material for the identification of [14C] lanosterol was present in the extracts of three adrenals, three livers, four testicles and two carcasses. From all these extracts radiochemically homogeneous [14C]-lanosterol was isolated. The [14C] lanosterol-like material present in all perfusates was so limited that it precluded further identification.
In the extracts of three placentas, the presence of any [14C] lanosterol was excluded by crystallization. From the extract of a separately perfused placenta a minute amount of radiochemically homogeneous [14C] lanosterol was isolated.
It is concluded that the midgestation human foetus is capable of synthesizing major quantities of squalene and lanosterol. Little, if any, squalene and lanosterol are formed by the midgestation human placenta.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION AND CONVERSION OF ANDROGENIC HORMONES IN THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND
Authors: Koref O. , Steczek K. , Fehér T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubated rat adrenal slices failed to convert cholesterol, pregnenolone and 17-OH-progesterone into C19-steroids under the experimental conditions used. Dehydroepiandrosterone was converted to androstenedione and 11-OH-androstenedione. The formation of androstenedione and 11-OH-androstenedione could also be demonstrated by using testosterone precursor. Corticotrophin in vitro did not affect the rate of conversion and the amount of 11-hydroxylated derivative increased when ATP was also added to the medium. Human chorionic gonadotrophin enhanced 11-hydroxylation in the presence of ATP. Inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase activity by metopirone was not affected by ATP.
UPTAKE AND BINDING IN VIVO OF 3H LABELLED ANDROGEN IN THE RAT EPIDIDYMIS AND DUCTUS DEFERENS
Authors: Hansson Vidar , Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the administration of [3H] testosterone and [3H]5α-dihydrotestosterone to adult castrated male rats, a selective uptake of androgen was found in the epididymis and ductus deferens,in contrast to the much lower uptake by skeletal muscle. Simultaneous administration of non-labelled androgen reduced the uptake in the epididymis and ductus deferens by about 60–70 per cent. One day after castration, the uptake in the epididymis was about 54 per cent higher than in the intact animals. The 105 000 × g supernatant fraction of homogenates obtained from both the ductus deferens and the epididymis, contained androphilic macromolecules excluded from Sephadex G-100 gel.
The 600 × g crude nuclear fraction of homogenized epididymal tissue contained salt extractable androgen binding macromolecules.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN THE GUINEA PIG AGAINST IODINATED PIG INSULIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Andersen O. Ortved , Brunfeldt K. , Hansen B. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Guinea pigs are immunized with pig insulin with an iodine content of 0–10.4 127I/mole. It is shown that a qualitatively different antibody formation occurs against the various 127I-insulin preparations. It is also demonstrated that labelling with 125I of the 127Iliodinated insulin does not introduce any detectable changes in the reactivity with the corresponding antisera.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC ACIDOPHIL CELLS OF THE RAT PITUITARY
Authors: Schelin U. , Lundin P. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The morphology of normal and neoplastic acidophil cells of the rat pituitary has been studied by electron microscopy with special reference to the size and shape of the secretory granules. In the female rats, pregnant or non-pregnant, growth hormone (GH) cells and prolactin cells are easily separated, but in the male rats this separation is very uncertain. Acidophil tumours with granules similar to the GH type or to the prolactin type can be induced with stilboestrol treatment. These results indicate a close relationship between the two types of acidophil cells. They may be derived from a common progenitor which can be differentiated into either GH or prolactin cell or they may represent one cell type capable of producing both hormones.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES LEADING TO A RELATIVE ACCUMULATION OF NON-THYROGLOBULIN THYROIDAL IODOCOMPOUNDS IN RAT THYROID GLANDS
Authors: Kohler H. , Haeberli A. , Binswanger Ch. , von Gruenigen C. , Studer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A small amount (3–4 per cent) of the homogenate of normal rat thyroid glands, labelled with radioiodine, resists enzymatic digestion by pancreatin and pronase and remains at the origin in alkaline and acid paper chromatography (»origin material«). Under certain conditions the pancreatin resistant compound can account for over 50 per cent of intrathyroidal iodine. The percentage of labelled origin material increases when the interval between single shot labelling and enzymatic digestion of the gland is extended to several days or weeks. The phenomenon is even more pronounced when the rats are kept on a low iodine diet (LID) during the whole experiment. Furthermore a relative increase of the labelled iodinated material occurs when rat thyroid glands are blocked with a thyrostatic drug or labelled to near isotopic equilibrium instead of short term labelling only. If the rats are kept on LID during the equilibration procedure, the relative concentration of origin material will again exceed that found in the thyroids of the control rats kept on HID.
Autoradiography revealed that the centre of a PTU-blocked thyroid gland contains little radioactivity whereas large amounts of labelled colloid remain in the peripheral follicles. Mechanical separation of the peripheral layers from the thyroid core indicates that the enzyme resistant material is located mainly in hypcrplastic follicles. Ultracentrifugation studies have shown that the substance is heterogeneous. A small fraction is sedimented at low centrifugal speed, the bulk, however, remains in the supernatant and is of low molecular weight as shown by sucrose density centrifugation and sephadex gel filtration.
ANTIGONADOTROPHIC PROFILE OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Petrusz P. , Robyn C. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Forty-two antisera were prepared in rabbits against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG), human urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations. The gonadotrophic profiles of the antigens were previously characterized by bioassay, immunoassay and bioimmunoassay methods.
The 25 most potent antisera were tested in statistically valid bioassays for their HCG and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) neutralizing activities as well as for their neutralizing potencies against the FSH-like activity present in HCG preparations.
The anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios of the anti-HCG sera tested varied between 6.2 and > 254, while those of the anti-HHG, anti-LH and anti-HMG sera were close to 2. It was found that the total dose of immunological activity (anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing potency) rather than that of the biological activity administered to the rabbits was decisive for obtaining antisera with high anti-HCG and anti-FSH titers. Immunization with a highly purified HCG preparation (> 17 000 IU/mg) resulted in antisera exhibiting lower anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios than did immunization with partially purified preparations. A highly purified urinary LH preparation which did not contain any detectable FSH activity gave rise to antisera exhibiting anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios of approximately 2.0. These highly purified HCG and LH preparations were shown previously to possess high anti-FSH neutralizing potencies (Petrusz et al. 1971b).
Booster injections did not change significantly the quality or the titer of the antigonadotrophic sera studied.
The HCG neutralizing potency of anti-HCG sera was approximately 3 times higher when assayed against a highly purified HCG preparation (> 17 000 IU/mg) as compared to potency estimates obtained against the laboratory standard of HCG (about 2000 IU/mg). It is suggested that consideration should be given to the establishment of standard preparations of antigonadotrophic sera.
It is concluded that bioimmunoassays are more suitably than conventional bioassay methods for the assessment of the antigenic purity of human gonadotrophin preparations.
URINARY EXCRETION OF MONO- AND DISULPHATES OF C19 AND C21 STEROIDS WITH REFERENCE TO THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Jänne Olli 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of mono- and disulphates of C19 and C21 steroids was determined in seven women during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The enhanced production of progesterone during the postovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle was reflected in the appearance of 5α-pregnane-3β,20α-diol disulphate in the urine of all the women studied, in amounts ranging from 26 to 206 μg/24 h. In addition, the urinary excretion of epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and 3β,17β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-16-one as well as of total C19O2 17-ketosteroids and of total 16-oxygenated ketonic C19 steroids was significantly higher during the luteal than during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The increase in the excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphates were quantitatively very similar, the mean increase being 314 and 350 μg/24 h, respectively.
BEEINFLUSSUNG DER OVARIALFUNKTION ERWACHSENER WEIBLICHER RATTEN DURCH NEONATALE BEHANDLUNG MIT VERSCHIEDENEN STEROIDEN MIT BEKANNTER GESTAGENWIRKUNG
Authors: Cupceancu B. , Neumann F. , Steinbeck H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of a single neonatal dose of synthetic gestagens on the differentiation of the gonadotrophin-secretion pattern was studied. Norethindrone acetate, norethindrone oenanthate and ethinodiol diacetate established an acyclic male pattern of gonadotrophin secretion, as evidenced by permanent vaginal oestrus, lack of corpora lutea in the ovaries and lasting sterility. The same syndrome was also caused by neonatal allylestrenol and medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment, although with higher doses. The effect of norethandrolone was less pronounced. The vaginal cycle and the ovary were not influenced by neonatal treatment with megestrol acetate, norgestrol, gestonorone caproate, chlormadinone acetate or clomegestone acetate. However, fertility was distinctly decreased in animals treated with the last mentioned steroids – with the exception of chlormadinone acetate.
UPTAKE AND BINDING OF 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE IN RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE IN VIVO
Authors: Hansson Vidar , Tveter Kjell J. , Attramadal Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the intravenous administration of [3H] 5α-dihydrotestosterone to adult castrated male rats, the highest uptake of radioactivity was found in the liver and the prostate, in contrast to the much lower uptake in muscle tissue and blood. The results were essentially the same as after the administration of [3H] testosterone. The uptake in the prostate was, however, retained for a long period of time, while the concentration of radioactivity in the liver decreased rapidly after administration and was already lower than that in the prostate after 30 minutes.
After the injection of [3H] 5α-dihydrotestosterone in vivo, the labelled adrogen was found to be associated with macromolecules in the prostatic cytosol and with salt extractable nuclear macromolecules.