bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paget's sarcoma of the mandible
Authors: Gleich Lyon L. , Eberle Robert C. , Shaha Ashok R. , Solomon Marshall 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Sarcomatous change occurs in less than 1% of patients with Paget's disease. It has been reported in only 9 patients in the mandible, and has been uniformly fatal. Comparison of Paget's sarcoma of the mandible to osteosarcoma of the mandible and to osteosarcoma in other locations was made to attempt to explain and improve the outcome of patients with these tumors.Methods. Two 78‐year‐old women with Paget's sarcoma of the mandible treated with radical resection are reported. The literature is reviewed to compare the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with mandibular Paget's sarcoma to patients with osteosarcoma in non‐Pagetoid mandibles and with osteosarcoma outside of the head and neck.Results. Both patients died within 2 years of lung metastases. The patients with mandibular Paget's sarcoma were markedly older, with an average age of 65.6 years, compared to 32.5 years for mandibular osteosarcoma. Paget's sarcoma of the mandible was uniformly rapidly fatal; in non‐Pagetoid mandibles the 5‐year survival is 40%. There have been reports of only 7 patients who have survived with Paget's sarcoma in other locations. In osteosarcoma of the extremities 5‐year disease‐free survival exceeds 75% with multimodality therapy.Conclusions. Paget's sarcoma of the mandible is a rare tumor which affects elderly patients. It progresses rapidly and has a much poorer prognosis than osteosarcoma occurring in a non‐Pagetoid mandible. The prognosis may be improved with early detection and treatment with multimodality therapy. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue/floor of mouth
Authors: Woolgar Julia A. , Scott John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Cervical lymph node metastasis has a major influence on survival in oral cancer. However, the factors influencing its occurrence are uncertain. Our aim was to improve the prognostic efficiency of the histologic assessment of the primary tumor in predicting metastasis in an individual patient.Methods. The relationship between selected clinical and histologic features of the primary tumor of tongue/floor of the mouth and the actual metastatic status was investigated in 45 patients. Invasive cell grading was supplemented by histologic measurements of tumor size and assessments of vascular and perineural invasion.Results. Ten histologic features showed significant differences in relation to metastasis. A logistic regression model with two predictor variables (total histologic malignancy score and vascular invasion) classified correctly 39 (87%) of the 45 cases.Conclusions. Histologic assessment of tumor size and malignancy grade are useful in predicting metastasis. Vascular and perineural invasion are important predictors and should be included in multifactorial malignancy grading schemes. Application of the prognostic index to the biopsy specimen would aid in treatment planning. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Management of penetrating laryngotracheal injuries
Authors: Grewal Harsh , Rao Prakashchandra M. , Mukerji Sanjay , Ivatury Rao R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Penetrating Iaryngotracheal injuries are uncommon; however, these injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In an attempt to define the management of penetrating laryngotracheal injuries, we reviewed our experience with these injuries.Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients admitted to a Level I trauma center who required operative management for penetrating laryngotracheal injuries. During the period of this study all patients with penetrating neck injuries were managed according to a protocol of selective exploration.Results. Of fifty‐seven patients with penetrating laryngotracheal injury 32 patients sustained gunshot wounds and 25 had stab wounds. The injuries were to the larynx in 24 (42%) and trachea in 33 (58%). Forty‐six (81%) had isolated airway injuries and 11 (19%) had combined airway and digestive‐tract injuries. Emergent airway management in 32 (56%) patients included: tracheostomy (15), endotracheal intubation (14), and cricothyroidotomy (3). Respiratory distress and subcutaneous crepitus were the commonest clinical findings. Diagnostic evaluation included: Iaryngoscopy/tracheoscopy (17), esophagoscopy (12), contrast esophagography (9), angiography (8), and bronchoscopy (3). Repair of laryngotracheal and esophageal injury was performed in the majority of patients. Selected patients with milder Iaryngotracheal injury did not have tracheostomy performed, with no increase in morbidity or mortality. There were 2 (3.5%) early deaths from associated major vascular injury.Conclusion. Mortality can be minimized by aggressive airway control. Endotracheal intubation can be accomplished safely in selected patients with penetrating laryngotracheal injuries. Digestive‐tract injuries can often clinically occult and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality; therefore, early evaluation of the esophagus is vital. Simple repair of Iaryngotracheal and digestive‐tract injuries can be performed safely with good results. In patients with minor injuries, tracheostomy does not appear to be mandatory. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lack of potassium channel induces proliferation and survival causing increased neurogenesis and two‐fold hippocampus enlargement
Authors: Almgren Malin , Persson Ann‐Sophie , Fenghua Chen , Witgen Brent M. , Schalling Martin , Nyengaard Jens R. , Lavebratt Catharina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe megencephaly mice show dramatic progressive increase in brain size and seizures. The overgrowth affects primarily the hippocampus and ventral cortex. The phenotype originates from a mutation in the Shaker‐like voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv1.1 brain, which results in a malfunctioning protein. A key question in elucidating the mechanism behind the unique brain overgrowth is whether it is caused by an increase in cell number. By applying stereological techniques, we found that the number of both neurons and astrocytes, as well as structure volume, was increased approximately two‐fold within dentate gyrus (DG), CA2/3, and hilus of 12‐week‐old mceph/mceph versus wild type mice. In CA1, there was a tendency toward an increase in volume and in number of astrocytes. The volume estimates in newborn and p14 mice suggest that the overgrowth in mceph/mceph hippocampus starts between birth and the second week of life. To investigate the hyperplasia, cell proliferation was studied within the subgranular zone of the DG using BrdU and Ki67. There was a three‐fold increase in proliferation in mceph/mceph mice compared to wild type mice at an age before onset of epileptic symptoms (3 weeks), and these new mceph/mceph neurons showed increased migration and had a 6‐week survival rate as the new neurons in wild type DG. Also when seizures were frequent in mceph/mceph (9 weeks old), the proliferation rate was three‐fold higher than in wild type. The number of TUNEL‐positive cells in hippocampus was lower in mceph/mceph supporting additional overgrowth mechanism than induced by seizures. In conclusion, lack of a functional Kv1.1 ion channel subunit in the mceph/mceph mice causes a unique neuronal hyperplasia in distinct hippocampal regions and consequently hippocampal enlargement from 2 to 3 weeks of age. This phenotype is a result, at least in DG, from increased proliferation, neurogenesis, and enhanced general hippocampal cell survival. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the performance of flow‐routing algorithms used in GIS‐based hydrologic analysis
Authors: Wilson John P. , Lam Christine S. , Deng Yongxin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFlow direction and specific catchment area were calculated for different flow‐routing algorithms using TAPES‐G and TauDEM. A fuzzy classification was used along with eight topo–climatic attributes to delineate six landscape classes from a 10‐m USGS DEM. A series of maps and tabular outputs were produced to compare flow‐routing predictions in different parts of the study area in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. The matched pair t‐test was used to compare the performance of pairs of specific catchment area grids across six user‐defined fuzzy landscape classes. The results show that (1) the ‘source’ cells predicted with the D∞, DEMON, and FD8 algorithms were confined to hilltops; (2) two single flow‐routing algorithms (Rho8, D8) produced poor results; and (3) the choice of flow‐routing algorithm has potentially important consequences for the calculation of upslope contributing areas, sediment transport capacity, topographic wetness, and several other topographic indices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of immunoescape mechanisms with Epstein‐Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ogino Takeshi , Moriai Shigetaka , Ishida Yoshiya , Ishii Hideyuki , Katayama Akihiro , Miyokawa Naoyuki , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Ferrone Soldano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the association of immunoescape mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) lesions with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection and clinical course of the disease. Tumor biopsy specimens obtained from 36 Japanese NPC patients were examined for antigen processing machinery component and HLA class I antigen expression, CD8+T cell infiltration, and Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) and IL‐10 expression using immunohistochemical staining. The results were correlated with the histopathological characteristics of the lesions, the clinical course of the disease and EBV infection. LMP2, TAP1, tapasin and HLA class I antigens were downregulated in more than 65% of the lesions tested, while FasL, Fas and IL‐10 were expressed in at least 60% of the lesions. Statistical analysis showed that (i) HLA class I antigen expression was significantly correlated with LMP2 and tapasin expression (r= 0.39 and 0.45, respectively); (ii) CD8+T cell infiltration into tumor lesions was significantly correlated with HLA class I antigen, LMP2 and Fas expression (r= 0.34, 0.49 and 0.44, respectively); (iii) LMP2 and FasL expression was significantly correlated with IL‐10 expression (r= 0.49 and 0.52, respectively); (iv) IL‐10 expression was significantly associated with EBERs and EBV oncoprotein LMP1 expression (p= 0.00078 and 0.015, respectively) and (v) FasL overexpression was significantly associated with reduced patients' survival (p= 0.033). Multivariate analysis identified FasL overexpression as an independent unfavorable prognostic marker. These results suggest that NPC cells may utilize multiple immunoescape mechanisms, including dysfunction of HLA class I antigens and Fas/FasL apoptosis pathways. Furthermore, FasL expression appears to be associated with IL‐10 upregulation in EBV positive NPC cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of mutated BRAFV600E variant in circulating DNA of stage III–IV melanoma patients
Authors: Daniotti Maria , Vallacchi Viviana , Rivoltini Licia , Patuzzo Roberto , Santinami Mario , Arienti Flavio , Cutolo Gianluca , Pierotti Marco A. , Parmiani Giorgio , Rodolfo Monica 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBRAFV600E is the most represented somatic point mutation in cutaneous melanoma, thus providing a unique molecular marker for this disease. The development of efficient methods for its detection in free circulating DNA of patients may lead to the improvement of diagnostic and prognostic tools. With this aim, we evaluated whether BRAFV600E represents a detectable marker in the plasma/serum from melanoma patients in a pilot study. Circulating cell‐free DNA was extracted from the serum or plasma of 15 healthy donors and 41 melanoma patients at different clinical stages and obtained either presurgery or after surgery during follow‐up. Quantitative analysis showed higher levels of circulating free DNA in patients compared to controls, with the highest levels detected in samples obtained presurgery and at stage IV. Four different PCR methods were compared for their capacity to amplify a few copies of BRAFV600E in wild‐type DNA. BRAFV600E was detectable in circulating DNA of 12 patients and in none of the controls; only 1 PCR method reproducibly amplified BRAFV600E. Positive samples were obtained from 8/13 patients at stage IV and from 4/24 patients at stage III, but not in 4 patients at stage I–II; half of the positives were obtained presurgery and half at follow‐up. Correspondence between circulating DNA and related tumors were examined for 20 patients, and a correlation was found for stage IV patients. In conclusion, this method can be utilized for monitoring the disease in stage IV melanoma patients but it appears unsatisfactory for the early detection of melanoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depletion of CD4+CD25+ human regulatory T cells in vivo: Kinetics of Treg depletion and alterations in immune functions in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Mahnke Karsten , Schönfeld Kurt , Fondel Sabine , Ring Sabine , Karakhanova Svetlana , Wiedemeyer Katharina , Bedke Tanja , Johnson Theron Scott , Storn Volker , Schallenberg Sonja , Enk Alexander Herrmann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from melanoma patients affects immune responses against tumors. By application of recombinant IL‐2‐diphteria toxin fusion protein, also known as ONTAK, we were able to significantly reduce the frequency of Treg in peripheral blood, whereas other cell populations remained unaffected. The reduction of Treg started immediately after the first bolus of ONTAK with a dose of 5 μg ONTAK per kg bodyweight and lasted for 13 days with subsequent recovery thereafter. Successive ONTAK treatments further reduced the number of circulating Treg. Using the contact sensitizer DCP we show that all patients developed vast eczema after Treg depletion, whereas no or only mild eczematous reactions were detectable before ONTAK treatment. Corresponding induction of DCP‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detectable. Moreover, after immunization of ONTAK treated patients with tumor antigen peptides, MelanA/MART‐1 and gp100, significant induction of peptide specific CD8+ T cells could be observed in 90% of the patients treated. These cells displayed effector functions, as they were able to lyse peptide‐pulsed target cells and secreted IFNγ upon restimulation. In aggregate, our data indicate that ONTAK depletes Treg in vivo significantly, resulting in enhanced immune functions and substantial development of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in vaccinated individuals. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses in imagable orthotopic models of hormone refractory metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Ranki Tuuli , Särkioja Merja , Hakkarainen Tanja , Smitten Karl von , Kanerva Anna , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviruses represent a promising developmental strategy for the treatment of cancer refractory to current treatments, such as hormone refractory metastatic breast cancer. In clinical cancer trials, adenoviral agents have been well tolerated, but gene transfer has been insufficient for clinical benefit. One of the main reasons may be the deficiency of the primary adenovirus receptor, and therefore viral capsid modifications have been employed. Another obstacle to systemic delivery is rapid clearance of virus by hepatic Kupffer cells and subsequent inadequate bioavailability. In this study, we compared several capsid‐modified oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of breast cancer with and without Kupffer cell inactivation. Replication deficient capsid‐modified viruses were analyzed for their gene transfer efficacy in vitro in breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples and in vivo in orthotopic models of breast cancer. The effect of Kupffer cell depleting agents on gene transfer efficacy in vivo was evaluated. An aggressive lung metastatic model was developed to study the effect of capsid‐modified oncolytic adenoviruses on survival. Capsid‐modified viruses displayed increased gene transfer and cancer cell killing in vitro and resulted in increased survival in an orthotopic model of lung metastatic breast cancer in mice. Biodistribution of viruses was favorable, tumor burden and treatment response could be monitored repeatedly. Kuppfer cell inactivation led to enhanced systemic gene delivery, but did not increase the survival of mice. These results facilitate clinical translation of oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of hormone refractory metastatic breast cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus 16 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Furniss C. Sloane , McClean Michael D. , Smith Judith F. , Bryan Janine , Nelson Heather H. , Peters Edwards S. , Posner Marshall R. , Clark John R. , Eisen Ellen A. , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV)16 seropositivity reflects past HPV16 exposure and is associated with risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that HPV16 seropositivity is associated with risk for HNSCC, to correlate HPV16 seropositivity with HPV16 tumor DNA, and to correlate HPV16 seropositivity and HPV16 DNA with sexual history and patient survival. In a case–control study of approximately 1,000 individuals, we assessed serology to the HPV16 L1 protein and in cases only, assayed tumors for HPV16 DNA. HPV16 seropositivity was associated with 1.5‐ and 6‐fold risks for tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx, respectively. There was a dose response trend for HPV16 titer and increasing risk of HNSCC (p < 0.0001) and HPV16 tumor DNA (p < 0.0001). In cases, HPV16 DNA and seropositivity were significantly associated with sexual activity; odds ratios (ORs) of 12.8 and 3.7 were observed for more than 10 oral sexual partners and ORs of 4.5 and 3.2 were associated with a high number of lifetime sexual partners, respectively. Finally, HPV16 seropositivity and HPV16 tumor DNA were associated with hazard ratios of 0.4 and 0.5, respectively, indicating better survival for HPV positive individuals. HPV16 seropositivity was associated with risk for HNSCC, with greatest risk for pharyngeal cancer. We observed dose response relationships between serology titer and both risk for HNSCC and HPV16 tumor DNA. In cases, HPV16 tumor DNA and positive serology were associated with sexual history and improved disease free survival. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) composite biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration: In vitro performance assessed by osteoblast proliferation, osteoclast adhesion and resorption, and macrophage proinflammatory response
Authors: Cool S. M. , Kenny B. , Wu A. , Nurcombe V. , Trau M. , Cassady A. I. , Grøndahl L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of composite materials for bone tissue engineering is dependent on the materials' ability to support bone regeneration whilst inducing a minimal inflammatory response. In this study we examined the in vitro osteogenic and inflammatory properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐valerate) (PHBV) with various calcium phosphate‐reinforcing phases: nano‐sized hydroxyapatite (HA); submicron‐sized calcined hydroxyapatite (cHA); and submicron‐sized β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), using bioassays of cultured osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages. Our study showed that the addition of a nano‐sized reinforcing phase to PHBV, whilst improving osteogenic properties, also reduces the proinflammatory response. Proinflammatory responses of RAW264.7/ELAM‐eGFP macrophages to PHBV were shown to be markedly reduced by the introduction of a reinforcing phase, with HA/PHBV composites having the lowest inflammatory response. Osteoclasts, whilst able to attach to all the materials, failed to form functional actin rings or resorption pits on any of the materials under investigation. Cultures of osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) readily attached and mineralised on all the materials, with HA/PHBV inducing the highest levels of mineralization. The improved biological performance of HA/PHBV composites when compared with cHA/PHBV and β‐TCP/PHBV composites is most likely a result of the nano‐sized reinforcing phase of HA/PHBV and the greater surface presentation of mineral in these composites. Our results provide a new strategy for improving the suitability of PHBV‐based materials for bone tissue regeneration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Vascularization and cellularization of collagen scaffolds incorporated with two different collagen‐targeting human basic fibroblast growth factors
Authors: Zhao Wenxue , Chen Bing , Li Xiaodong , Lin Hang , Sun Wenjie , Zhao Yanhong , Wang Bin , Zhao Yannan , Han Qianqian , Dai Jianwu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo develop a collagen‐based wound targeting repair system, we introduced two collagen‐binding domains (CBDs) into the human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Three expression vectors were constructed: the first one (named V‐bFGF) contained bFGF and the CBD WREPSFCALS derived from von Willeband's factor (vWF); the second (named C‐bFGF) contained bFGF and the CBD TKKTLRT derived from collagenase; the third (named bFGF) was bFGF as a control. The recombinant proteins of V‐bFGF and C‐bFGF were demonstrated to retain both growth factor activity and collagen‐binding activity. We found that C‐bFGF possessed higher collagen‐binding ability than V‐bFGF. The targeted repair systems consisting of collagen scaffolds and CBD‐bFGFs were assembled in vitro and then implanted subcutaneously. Results showed that C‐bFGF promoted vascularization at the implanted sites more effectively than V‐bFGF. Histological analysis showed more cells migrated into collagen scaffolds incorporated with C‐bFGF than those with V‐bFGF. These data suggested that the higher collagen‐binding ability the CBD‐bFGF possessed, the more significant vascularization, and cellularization were observed. In summary, CBD‐bFGF/collagen system could be used as a targeted repair system with beneficial effects of the restriction of bFGF diffusion, the prolonging of bFGF activity, and the targeted promotion of vascularization and cellularization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007