bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les conduites temporelles chez le jeune enfant (lacunes et perspectives de recherche)
Authors: Pouthas Viviane , Macar Françoise , Lejeune Helga , Richelle Marc , Jacquet Anne Yvonne 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Timing behavior in the young child : a critical overview (research deficiences and perspectives).
The main purpose of this critical overview of current knowledge in the field of the development of timing behavior in young children is to pave the way of future research. Traditional psycho-physiological methods have supplied coherent data on the estimation and perception of duration in children over age six. Only a few unsystematic studies have dealt with early temporal conditioning.
To determine whether complex temporal regulations in the adult human are the resuit of a continuous process, deriving from elementary forms of temporal organization of activity, much more data are needed on infant adaptation to time, as well as on the role of language and capacities for inhibition in the evolution of temporal behavior. Furthermore, studies on the physiological bases of internai timing mechanisms and the ontogenesis of temporal regulation in young animais should help to assess the relative weight of early experience, maturation and cognitive development in the child.
Key words : timing behavior, early learning, development.
Aspects génétiques et différentiels du fonctionnement cognitif lors de tâches de sériation
Authors: Lautrey Jacques , Bideaud Jacqueline , Pierre-Puysegur Marie-Agnès 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Developmental and differential aspects of cognitive functioning.
Seriation performances were observed among 120 children. Three factors were considered : 1) the child's age (front 6;5 to 10;0) ; 2) the type of experimental situation (classical seriation task and two revised seriation tasks called « Tunnel » and « Ecran-question », in which empirical cues are reduced) ; 3) the cognitive style (DIC). The analysis was conducted in regard to : 1 ) the use or not of a method (local acting opposed to methods (algorithmic or not)) ; 2) the type of method (extremum, voisin, insertion, permutation) ; 3) the type of procedure used for each method. The effect of age is mainly observed upon the passage from local acting to methods, and upon the increment of spontaneous verifications. The effect of cognitive style appears only in the Tunnel situation in which the use of a method is more observed among independent children. The specifie analysis of the procedures used for each method reveals, in the evolution of seriation performance, the role of : imagery representation taking in account the spatial properties of seriai order, memory and actions planification. Logical properties of seriai order don't seem to have a functional role for the resolution of seriation problems.
Key words : seriation, procedure, spatial representation.
Les marqueurs linguistiques comme indicateurs de l'anticipation
Authors: Sarocchi Françoise 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Pour valider des indicateurs des aspects temporels de l'activité (et en particulier de l'anticipation), nous proposons ici une comparaison entre les marqueurs linguistiques utilisés pour décrire les procédures prévues dans deux tâches différenciées par les implications que l'atteinte du but met en jeu, et par les mises en relation perceptive entre but et sous-buts qu'elles supposent.
Les résultats mettent en évidence l'existence de marqueurs qui situent le sujet par rapport à une projection dans l'avenir proche (et forment le soubassement de tout énoncé), et l'emploi de marqueurs spécifiques qui définissent la représentation qu'a le sujet des caractéristiques du problème posé (et permettent de prévoir la pertinence des procédures projetées).
Mots clés : Résolution de problèmes, anticipation, marqueurs verbaux.
Représentations écologiques et fonctionnelles dans une tâche de combinaison chez l'adulte
Authors: Mariné Claudette , Escribe Christian , Boudes Nicole 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
En référence au modèle de la pensée naturelle de Reuchlin, cette étude teste l'hypothèse d'une pluralité de modes de représentation et de traitement chez l'adulte dans une tâche de combinaison.
L'échantillon est composé de 22 élèves d'une école de manipulateur en électroradiologie médicale, en fin d'étude. L'épreuve comporte quatre exercices de combinaison de difficulté croissante. Pour chaque exercice, deux contextes sont proposés : l'un Abstrait (noms de couleurs), l'autre Concret (noms d'objets courants ou professionnels).
La comparaison des données en fonction du contexte fait apparaître que les performances et le nueau d'organisation des procédures se détériorent dans les exercices « Concret ». On observe également que les combinaisons significativement connotées sont produites plus systématiquement que les autres. Ces effets diminuent avec l'augmentation de difficultés des exercices.
Mots clés : représentation écologique, représentation fonctionnelle, procédures, combinaison.
Les structures de performance en français : caractérisation et prédiction
Authors: Monnin Pascal , Grosjean F. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Les recherches réalisées jusqu'à maintenant dans le but d'étudier l'évolution de la représentation gestuelle d'actions en tant qu'activité figurative avaient des difficultés à dégager des niveaux d'évolution cohérents. De là l'hypothèse, formulée par certains auteurs, d'une évolution indépendante de ce type d'activités figuratives par rapport au développement cognitif général.
La recherche présentée ici montre que ces difficultés sont liées à l'absence de prise en compte, dans l'analyse des catégories, du signifiant et du signifié des gestes.
Les modifications introduites dans le paradigme expérimental ont permis de dégager une évolution cohérente des comportements dans un échantillon de 320 enfants âgés de 4 à 12 ans ; 4 niveaux, sont en effet observés, chacun d'eux pouvant se définir comme une structure, c'est-à-dire comme composé d'un certain nombre d'éléments reliés entre eux par des rapports hiérarchiques dans un réseau représentationnel.
Mots clés : représentation gestuelle, réseau représentationnel, activité figurative, structure.
Une synthèse critique du modèle de probabilité d'élaboration
Authors: Corneille O. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Cet article propose une présentation critique du modèle de probabilité d'élaboration (ELM) de Petty et Cacioppo (1981, 1986). Ce modèle a conquis une place importante dans l'étude des phénomènes persuasifs. La simplicité de ses énoncés et les nombreuses recherches empiriques et appliquées auxquelles il a donné lieu ont contribué à son succès. Depuis quelques années, cependant, différentes études tendent à remettre en question la cohérence interne du modèle, et critiquent son aspect intégrateur. L'émergence récente d'une conception alternative de l'individu en Psychologie sociale est liée intimement à ce débat.
Mots clés : modèle de probabilité d'élaboration (ELM), persuasion, changement d'attitudes.
De la «cognition morale» à l'étude des stratégies du positionnement moral: aperçu théorique et controverses actuelles en psychologie morale
Authors: Bègue L. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : From « moral cognition » to the study of the strategies of moral positioning : Theoretical overview and current controversies in moral psychology.
This paper provides a critical presentation of current theories on moral judgment such as they have been developed, for the main part, through north american or anglo-saxon social psychology. Six principal models and certain tools that are associated with them are analysed successively. These are : The constructivist paradigm (Kohlberg, Gilligan), as well as the controversy of sexual differences in moral judgment, the theories of socialisation, including social learning and the internalization of values (Bandura, Hoffman), and also the dialectic (Hogan) and taxonomic (Forsyth) approaches. Four broad questions, concerning the often underestimated contribution ofthe contents and context in moral evaluation are then examined : a) the place for attributory processes, h) the problem of behavioral prediction, c) the sociocultural variations of judgment, and d) the problem, essential in our view, of the strategie and ideological signijicance of moral positioning. In Une with the works of Emler and Doise, we propose to relate the study of moral judgment to the theoretical field of social representations. The question ofthe role of values in the scientific study of moral judgment is also raised.
Key words : moral judgment, differential theories, positional strategy, ideological metasystems.
Le degré d'expertise a-t-il une influence sur la perception olfactive ? Quelques éléments de réponse dans le domaine du vin
Authors: Chollet S. , Valentin Dominique 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Expertise level and odour perception : What can we learn from red burgundy wines ?
We compare the olfactive dimensions used by expert and novice wine tasters to describe and categorise a series of 13 red burgundy wines. Verbal and non-verbal approaches have been used in parallel. The verbal approach included a communication task and a description task. Pairs of assessors were asked to match a series of samples based only on verbal exchanges. All the generated terms were recorded and the most frequently used terms served as a basis for the description task. The non-verbal approach included a similarity judgement task. Multivariate analyses have been used to analyse the data. Results show that (1) both groups of subjects were able to perform the communication task reasonably well and to generate a coherent set of descriptors, (2) the two groups of subjects used an equivalent number of dimensions to describe and categorise the wines, and (3) the two groups of subjects used the same dimensions for the non-verbal task, but different dimensions for the verbal task. This dissociation between verbal and non-verbal task suggests that the perceptual representation of wine is similar for the two groups of subjects but that the verbalisation of this representation varies with expertise level. Subjects with a higher level of expertise tend to use analytical ternis whereas subjects with a lower level tend to use holistic terms.
Key words : odour perception, wine expertise.
L'effet de Faux Consensus : une revue empirique et théorique
Authors: Verlhiac Jean-François 
Published: November 2007

Summary : The false Consensus Effect : An empirical and theoretical review.
Individuals conceive their attitudes with regard to objects or persons as relatively common and ordinary. This well-known phenomenon is stable, general and produces for judgements a False Consensus effect. This paper is a review ofthe False Consensus literature and reports the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenom. Four general theoretical perspectives are examined : (a) logical information processing (attributive hypothesis), (b) selective exposure and cognitive availability (cognitive hypotheses), (c) salience and focus of attention (selective information treatment hypotheses), and (d) motivational processes. Within the context of this work we report the social properties of consensus judgment and stress that these judgments depend on the social conditions in which they takes place (social regulation hypothesis of judgment). More precisely, the aim of this review is to show that the social consensus perception and its underlying mechanisms, depend on individuals personal histories that are connected to social context in which they are involved.
Key words : false consensus effect, social judgment, social regulation of judgment.
Comment étudier le coût et le déroulement de la rédaction de textes ? La méthode de la triple tâche : un bilan méthodologique
Authors: Piolat Annie , Olive T. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : How can the process and cost of writing texts be studied ? The triple task methodology
This methodological note has three goals. The first is to describe the various uses of the triple task paradigm (writing ; quick reactions, think aloud protocols) proposed by Kellogg (1986, 1987b) and Levy and Ransdell (1994, 1995). The dependent variables related to this paradigm are examined. The second aim is to evaluate the validity of the paradigm by measuring the task's reactivity and that of verbalisation. The third goal is to offer a short review of findings related to the use ofthe paradigm. We conclude by showing the efficacy of the triple-task paradigm for the investigation oftext writing.
Key words : writing, processes, cognitive effort, time processing, triple task.
Apprendre à partir d'exemples : abstraction de règles et/ou mémoire d'exemplaires ?
Authors: Didierjean André 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Learning from examples : Rule abstraction and/or instance memorization ?
In this article we examine how questions in two different domains are similar : work on reasoning by analogy and that of implicit learning. There is a disagreement between theories that associate transfer with generalization of knowledge, and theories that associate transfer with memorization of examples. First, we present a review of research from these two domains, proposing the hypothesis that abstract rules and examples can be elaborated conjointly. Then, we show that this hypothesis is plausible with regard to work concerning the organization of knowledge in experts, and we discuss the potential type of relations between these processes. Finally, we discuss the contributions of a comparison between the domain of reasoning by analogy and that of implicit learning.
Key words : analogical reasoning, implicit learning, expertise.
Le contrôle mental des stéréotypes : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Dumont Muriel , Yzerbyt Vincent 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Mental control of stereotypes : Stakes and perspectives
The purpose of our theoretical contribution is to demonstrate the relevance of distinguishing between thought suppression and inhibition. The existing literature mistakes one for another, using both those generic terms, and displays some inconsistencies between data that are wrongly considered as resulting from one single process. We propose an analysis presented as a typology of the phenomena related to mental control. The typology includes four categories : phenomena related to « simple suppression », to « strategic suppression », to « inhibition as a result of strategic activation », and to « pure inhibition ». The first and last groups of phenomena are clearly distinct from each other, whereas the intermediate groups are more similar. We review studies on mental control with specific interest in stereotype control. These studies show that consequences differed as a function of the kind of phenomena that was involved. Theoretical and practical implications of such phenomena for social life and stereotype change are also discussed.
Key words : mental control, suppression, inhibition, stereotypes, prejudice, automaticity.
Étude des relations entre les stratégies d'adaptation aux sentiments dépressifs, la symptomatologie dépressive et les idées suicidaires chez l'adolescent
Authors: Catteau V. , Chabrol Henri 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Relationships between coping strategies to face depressive feelings and the depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideations among adolescents
The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation and coping strategies to face depressive feelings in adolescents : 382 high-school students completed a questionnaire assessing coping strategies to face depression and a questionnaire assessing depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Multiple regression analyses showed that negative cognitions (rumination and self-blame) and lack of problem-focused strategies were the main predictors of the intensity of depressive symptomatology whereas depressive symptomatology and use of psychoactive substances were the main predictors of suicidal ideation for both boys and girls.
Key words : coping, depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideations, adolescents.
Les prédicteurs de l'adaptation chez l'adulte âgé
Authors: Alaphilippe Daniel , Bailly Nathalie , Gana Kamel , Martin Bettina 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Predictors of the adaptation in the old adult
This research examines factors of adaptation for old person according to their stress, self-representation and social characteristics. Eight hundred and sixty-one volunteers, aged more than sixty five years old were recruited to answer a mail survey. They all belonged to a pension fund of executives. Measurements were related to locus of control, subjective age, self esteem, stressing events, tenacity, well being, satisfaction of life, boredom and health. The population appears to be in good health, well adapted, with high well-being and satisfaction of life. Adaptation appears to be determined by two factors : one relating to health, the other with the satisfaction of life and the absence of boredom. The satisfaction of life appears to be determined by self-esteem, sex, and internality.
Wundt et la fondation en 1879 de son laboratoire
Authors: Nicolas Serge 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Wundt and the founding of his laboratory in 1879
The establishment of Wilhelm Wundt's Leipzig Institute for experimental psychology during the Winter Semester of 1879-1880 has been regarded as a major accomplishment in the institutionalization of psychology as a modern science. It is unfortunate that little information is available about the circumstances under which Wundt established and developped his laboratory. Only the date of 1879 has found its way into almost all histories of psychology and in many introductory books. In the first part of the paper, Wundt's early life and his call to Leipzig is presented. In the second part of the paper, the origin, development, and organization of Wundt's laboratory is chronicled. Emphasis is placed on the use of archival materials, documents, and eyewitness accounts.
Key words : Wundt, laboratory, Leipzig, Institute of experimental psychology.
La diffusion des savoirs comme devoir positiviste
Authors: Petit Annie 
Published: November 2007

On montre ici que l'association enthousiaste de Saint-Simon et de Comte, puis leurs conflits, relèvent pour beaucoup de leurs options sur la diffusion de savoirs : ils partagent ce souci, mais ils n'ont pas les mêmes manières, ils ne visent pas le même public et ne cherchent pas à diffuser les mêmes choses. Comte se consacre très tôt à la diffusion systématique des savoirs et des sciences : il entreprend des cours populaires, multiplie toutes sortes d'efforts de vulgarisation ; la Société positiviste est en 1848 fondée d'abord pour cela ; Comte développe ses propos en les appuyant sur des projets institutionnels — Ecole Positiviste, clubs, bibliothèque, réflexions sur les problèmes du journalisme et de l'édition. Savoir et faire savoir deviennent même les bases de la nouvelle religion.
Les positivistes de tous bords se sont penchés sur ces questions. Emile Littré, chef des «dissidents» réservés sur le militantisme socio-religieux, se montre très soucieux de diffuser les savoirs et leurs systématisations positivistes : il mobilise les médias, fonde une revue, fait passer le positivisme dans les Dictionnaires. Les «orthodoxes» se regroupent d'abord autour de Pierre Laffitte, qui continue la tradition comtienne des traités encyclopédiques et des grands panoramas. Pour tous, la diffusion des savoirs est un devoir passionnant.
Electroactive Polymeric Networks Created by Oxidation of Oligothiophene‐Functionalized Perylene Bisimides
Authors: You C.‐C. , Espindola P. , Hippius C. , Heinze J. , Würthner F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of fourfold oligothienyl‐functionalized perylene bisimides, N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,6,7,12‐tetra(4‐(7‐[2,2′]bithien‐5‐yl)‐heptanoyloxyphenoxy)perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (7a), N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,6,7,12‐tetra(4‐(7‐[2,2′;5′,2′′]terthien‐5‐yl)‐heptanoyloxyphenoxy)perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (7b), and N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,6,7,12‐tetra(4‐(7‐(5″‐Methyl‐[2,2′;5′,2″]terthien‐5‐yl))‐heptanoyloxyphenoxy)perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (7c), have been synthesized. Oligothienyl and perylene bisimide chromophores in these dyads display their characteristic optical UV/vis absorption properties. Upon excitation of the oligothiophene subunits, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurs to the perylene bisimide core. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that the reduction of the perylene bisimide moiety is not affected by the presence of oligothiophenes, showing two waves at around ‐0.7 and ‐1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively. On the other hand, the oxidation of the oligothienyl moieties leads to oxidative coupling for 7a and 7b, providing electroactive sexithiophene‐ and quaterthiophene‐perylene bisimide networks, respectively. Electrochemical deposition of compounds 7a,b was performed and the films were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and in situ conductance, which reveal remarkable p‐type conductivity. Significantly, two separate regimes of electrical conductance have been observed for the films generated from 7b.
Synthesis of 3‐ and 6‐Sulfonylindoles from ortho‐Alkynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilines by the Use of Lewis Acidic Transition‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Yamagishi Uichiro , Song Dschun , Konta Sayaka , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGold‐catalyzed reactions of ortho‐alkynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilines produced the corresponding 3‐sulfonylindoles in good to high yields. For example, the reaction of N‐mesyl‐N‐methyl‐2‐(1‐pentynyl)aniline, N‐mesyl‐N‐methyl‐2‐(phenylethynyl)‐aniline, and 2‐ethynyl‐N‐mesyl‐N‐methylaniline in the presence of 10 mol % of AuBr3 in toluene at 80 °C gave 3‐mesyl‐1‐methyl‐2‐propylindole, 3‐mesyl‐1‐methyl‐2‐phenylindole, and 3‐mesyl‐1‐methylindole in 95, 92, and 71 % yield, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the reactions of 2‐alkynyl‐6‐methoxy‐N‐sulfonyl‐anilines in the presence of indium catalyst (InBr3) afforded the corresponding 6‐sulfonylindoles as the major product in good yields. For example, the reaction of 6‐methoxy‐N‐methyl‐2‐(1‐pentynyl)‐N‐tosylaniline in the presence of 5 mol % of InBr3 in toluene at 80 °C gave an 87:13 mixture of 7‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐propyl‐6‐tosylindole and 7‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐propyl‐3‐tosylindole in 95 % yield. Most probably, the gold‐catalyzed reactions of ortho‐alkynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilines proceed through a [1,3] sulfonyl migration, whereas the indium‐catalyzed cyclizations of 2‐alkynyl‐6‐methoxy‐N‐sulfonylanilines, which produce 6‐sulfonylindoles, proceed by an unprecedented [1,7] sulfonyl migration.