bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site‐specific CGRP innervation coincides with bone formation during fracture healing and modeling: A study in rat angulated tibia
Authors: Li Jian , Kreicbergs Andris , Bergström Jonas , Stark Andreas , Ahmed Mahmood 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSensory neuropeptide involved in local bone turnover is known, but poorly understood. In the present study, we analyze the occurrence of neuronal CGRP during healing and modeling of straight and angular tibial fractures in 74 rats. Bone healing and modeling was assessed by radiography and reinnervation by semi‐quantitative immunohistochemistry method at fracture site between 1–12 weeks postfracture. The regenerating nerve fibers containing CGRP were observed in fracture callus as well as in close proximity to chondrocytes, with woven bone in both fractures already at week 1. Notably, it located predominantly on the concave side of angulated fracture in the manner of sprouting into bone from weeks 3 to 5 postfracture. In both fractures, fracture calluses peaked radiographically at week 3 postfracture. In angulated fracture, a reduction of 11% in callus thickness on convex side and an increase of 365% on concave side were noted from weeks 3 to 12. A 27‐fold increase in total neuronal CGRP in straight fracture and 38‐fold increases in angular fracture compared to intact bone was observed at week 3. In both types of fracture, neuronal CGRP was greater on the concave side than the convex; this difference was more pronounced in the angulated fracture. CGRP immunoreactivity clearly coincides with amount of new bone formation especially on the concave side of angulated fracture. The combined results suggest that fracture evokes an intense, localized in‐growth of new nerve fibers containing CGRP, which may prove to be a prerequisite of fracture healing and modeling. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1204–1212, 2007
Modeling the physico‐chemistry of acid sulfate waters through Raman spectroscopy of the system FeSO4H2SO4H2O
Authors: Sobron P. , Rull F. , Sobron F. , Sanz A. , Medina J. , Nielsen C. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMine waters containing extremely high concentrations of sulfuric acid and dissolved iron are found in the Rio Tinto (Spain) area. In this study, Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the speciation of the system iron(II)–sulfuric acid–water as an approach to study Rio Tinto's stream water. Several solutions of aqueous sulfuric acid containing iron(II) sulfate in the range 0–1.65 mol/kg were prepared, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of the ions present in the solutions were carried out using Raman spectroscopy. The intrinsic features of Raman spectroscopy allowed the identification of the species present in solution and calculation of the species concentration through band‐fitting of the Raman spectra. The activity coefficient product of the system iron(II) sulfate–sulfuric acid–water as a function of salt concentration is reported. Previous findings on the formation of iron(II) hexahydrate complexes in the mentioned system have been corroborated by means of Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bacteriocin producer Lactobacillus amylovorus DCE 471 is a competitive starter culture for type II sourdough fermentations
Authors: Leroy Frédéric , De Winter Tom , Remedios Maria , Moreno Foulquié , De Vuyst Luc 
Published: May 2007

AbstractType II sourdoughs were prepared using Lactobacillus amylovorus DCE 471, a producer of the bacteriocin amylovorin L. The strain was used as a starter culture for rye and wheat sourdoughs on laboratory scale (10 L), and in rye sourdough on pilot scale (100 L). The sourdoughs were acidified to a pH of around 3.5 within 15 h (laboratory dough) to 25 h (pilot‐scale dough). Final amylovorin L titres of 0.3–0.4 (laboratory scale) and 0.2 (pilot scale) MAU kg−1 of sourdough were detected. After baking of wheat dough that was supplemented with the pilot‐scale sourdough, no amylovorin L activity was recovered from the breadcrumbs. On laboratory scale, aeration or the addition of complex carbohydrates hardly affected growth or amylovorin L production. Rye and wheat sourdough fermentation were rather similar despite differences in sugar concentrations. The persistence of L. amylovorus DCE 471 during rye sourdough fermentation, both on laboratory and pilot scale, was confirmed by repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction (rep‐PCR) and by testing isolates towards an amylovorin L‐sensitive organism. Further, rep‐PCR indicated that the background microbiota of the flour—probably responsible for the production of low amounts of acetic acid—grew poorly and were overgrown by L. amylovorus DCE 471 during the pilot‐scale fermentation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging of wild strawberries
Authors: Almenar Eva , Del‐Valle Valeria , Hernández‐Muñoz Pilar , Lagarón José M , Catalá Ramón , Gavara Rafael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWild strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.) are high‐added‐value fruits but their marketing is complex owing to their short postharvest life. In this work, equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP) technology was used to maintain their quality and consequently to extend their life. Fresh strawberries were packaged with two continuous and three microperforated films (with different gas permeabilities) with the purpose of obtaining equilibrium atmospheres of diverse compositions. Weight loss, pH and acidity, solid content, colour, firmness, fungal decay and development of off‐flavours were selected to monitor fruit quality during 6 days at 10 °C. Among the five packages tested, microperforated films with one and three perforations provided adequate CO2 and O2 equilibrium concentrations in view of the evolution of chemical and physical quality parameters. These results were confirmed by sensory analysis. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
At‐destination visitor information search and venue decision strategies
Authors: DiPietro Robin B. , Wang Youcheng , Rompf Paul , Severt Denver 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNumerous studies have been conducted on consumers' information search prior to arrival at a destination. This study attempts to continue to fill a research gap focusing on travellers' information search behaviour for services not only before the trip but in transit to the destination and once at a destination. In particular, the research explores service‐related decisions before and during a trip, the sources of information utilised, which include locals residing at a destination, and how demographic and trip purpose characteristics influence decision‐making. Using the results of this study, practitioners and academics alike can design effective strategies for marketing to travellers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative quantification of alcohol exposure as risk factor for global burden of disease
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Klotsche Jens , Patra Jayadeep 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlcohol has been identified as one of the most important risk factors in the burden experienced as a result of disease. The objective of the present contribution is to establish a framework to comparatively quantify alcohol exposure as it is relevant for burden of disease. Different key indicators are combined to derive this quantification. First, adult per capita consumption, composed of recorded and unrecorded consumption, yields the best overall estimate of alcohol exposure for a country or region. Second, survey information is used to allocate the per capita consumption into sex and age groups. Third, an index for detrimental patterns of drinking is used to determine the additional impact on injury and cardiovascular burden. The methodology is applied to estimate global alcohol exposure for the year 2002. Finally, assumptions and potential problems of the approach are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale (ASRS) Screener in a representative sample of health plan members
Authors: Kessler Ronald C. , Adler Lenard A. , Gruber Michael J. , Sarawate Chaitanya A. , Spencer Thomas , Van Brunt David L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe validity of the six‐question World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale (ASRS) Screener was assessed in a sample of subscribers to a large health plan in the US. A convenience subsample of 668 subscribers was administered the ASRS Screener twice to assess test‐retest reliability and then a third time in conjunction with a clinical interviewer for DSM‐IV adult ADHD. The data were weighted to adjust for discrepancies between the sample and the population on socio‐demographics and past medical claims. Internal consistency reliability of the continuous ASRS Screener was in the range 0.63–0.72 and test‐retest reliability (Pearson correlations) in the range 0.58–0.77. A four‐category version The ASRS Screener had strong concordance with clinician diagnoses, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.90. The brevity and ability to discriminate DSM‐IV cases from non‐cases make the six‐question ASRS Screener attractive for use both in community epidemiological surveys and in clinical outreach and case‐finding initiatives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rat α‐ and γ‐motoneuron soma size and succinate dehydrogenase activity are independent of neuromuscular activity level
Authors: Roy Roland R. , Matsumoto Akiko , Zhong Hui , Ishihara Akihiko , Edgerton V. Reggie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe chronic level of neuromuscular activity, that is, activation and loading, strongly influences the morphological, metabolic, phenotypic, and physiological properties of skeletal muscles. The effects on the innervating motoneurons, however, are less established. We determined and compared the effects of 30 days of decreased activity (induced by a complete mid‐thoracic spinal cord transection, ST) or near inactivity (induced by spinal cord isolation, SI) on the soma size and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of motoneurons innervating a predominantly slow ankle extensor (soleus) and a predominantly fast ankle flexor (tibialis anterior) muscle of adult rats. Soleus and tibialis anterior motoneuron pools were labeled retrogradely using nuclear yellow. The α‐ and γ‐motoneurons were classified based on soma size. Mean number of labeled motoneurons, and mean soma size and SDH activity for both α‐ and γ‐motoneurons were similar in control, ST, and SI rats. Compared to previous reports showing significant decreases in muscle fiber size and adaptations toward a “faster” metabolic profile following ST and SI, the results indicate that, unlike the muscles they innervate, the motoneurons are relatively unresponsive to chronic reductions in neuromuscular activity. The implication of these results is that mean size and SDH activity are independent of the number of action potentials generated by both α‐ and γ‐motoneurons and that even the absence of afferent input to the spinal cord has no influence on size and oxidative metabolic potential of the motoneuron soma. Muscle Nerve, 2007
What you should know about queueing models to set staffing requirements in service systems
Authors: Whitt Ward 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne traditional application of queueing models is to help set staffing requirements in service systems, but the way to do so is not entirely straightforward, largely because demand in service systems typically varies greatly by the time of day. This article discusses ways—old and new—to cope with that time‐varying demand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Overexpression and gene amplification of BAG‐1L in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer
Authors: Mäki HE , Saramäki OR , Shatkina L , Martikainen PM , Tammela TLJ , van Weerden WM , Vessella RL , Cato ACB , Visakorpi T 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBAG‐1L (Bcl‐2‐associated anthanogene 1) has been found to interact with androgen receptor (AR), and has been suggested to be involved in the development of prostate cancer. In order to determine the presence of genetic and/or expression alterations of BAG‐1L in prostate cancer, we analysed human prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts as well as patient samples of untreated, hormone‐naïve, and hormone‐refractory prostate carcinomas for sequence variations using denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), for gene copy number using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and for expression using both quantitative RT‐PCR and immunostaining. Only one sequence variation was found in all 37 cell lines and xenografts analysed. BAG‐1 gene amplification was detected in two xenografts. In addition, gene amplification was found in 6 of 81 (7.4%) hormone‐refractory clinical tumours, whereas no amplification was found in any of the 130 untreated tumours analysed. Additionally, gain of the BAG‐1 gene was observed in 27.2% of the hormone‐refractory tumours and in 18.5% of the untreated carcinomas. In a set of 263 patient samples, BAG‐1L protein expression was significantly higher in hormone‐refractory tumours than in primary tumours (p = 0.002). Altogether, these data suggest that amplification and overexpression of BAG‐1L may be involved in the progression of prostate cancer. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular classification and genetic pathways in hyperplastic polyposis syndrome
Authors: Carvajal‐Carmona LG , Howarth KM , Lockett M , Polanco‐Echeverry GM , Volikos E , Gorman M , Barclay E , Martin L , Jones AM , Saunders B , Guenther T , Donaldson A , Paterson J , Frayling I , Novelli MR , Phillips R , Thomas HJW , Silver A , Atkin W , Tomlinson IPM 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHyperplastic Polyposis (HPPS) is a poorly characterized syndrome that increases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We aimed to provide a molecular classification of HPPS. We obtained 282 tumours from 32 putative HPPS patients with ≥ 10 hyperplastic polyps (HPs); some patients also had adenomas and CRCs. We found no good evidence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in our samples. The epithelium of HPs was monoclonal. Somatic BRAF mutations occurred in two‐thirds of our patients' HPs, and KRAS2 mutations in 10%; both mutations were more common in younger cases. The respective mutation frequencies in a set of ‘sporadic’ HPs were 18% and 10%. Importantly, the putative HPPS patients generally fell into two readily defined groups, one set whose polyps had BRAF mutations, and another set whose polyps had KRAS2 mutations. The most plausible explanation for this observation is that there exist different forms of inherited predisposition to HPPS, and that these determine whether polyps follow a BRAF or KRAS2 pathway. Most adenomas and CRCs from our putative HPPS patients had ‘classical’ morphology and few of these lesions had BRAF or KRAS2 mutations. These findings suggest that tumourigenesis in HPPS does not necessarily follow the ‘serrated’ pathway. Although current definitions of HPPS are sub‐optimal, we suggest that diagnosis could benefit from molecular analysis. Specifically, testing BRAF and KRAS2 mutations, and perhaps MSI, in multiple polyps could help to distinguish HPPS from sporadic HPs. We propose a specific model which would have diagnosed five more of our cases as HPPS compared with the WHO clinical criteria. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New soluble azophenol polymers prepared by oxidative polycondensation
Authors: Çanakçı Dilek , Tunçel Mehmet , Mart Hasan , Serin Selahattin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNew azophenol polymers (P1, P2 and P3) were synthesised by the oxidative polycondensation (OP) reaction of three different azophenol monomers in aqueous alkaline medium with NaOCl as the oxidant. The monomers and the polymers were characterised by elemental analyses, and UV‐visible, Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies, which revealed that the polymers synthesised by OP are composed of oxyphenylene (COC) and phenylene (CC) units. The polymers obtained are soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. Average molecular weights of the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography. Additionally, P2 and P3 are soluble in water and methanol. On the basis of thermogravimetric analyses, 5 and 50% weight‐loss temperatures of the polymers were found to be 218, 700 (P1), 263, 609 (P2) and 100, 809 °C (P3), respectively, suggesting a high thermal stability. Thermal analyses using differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the azophenol polymers are highly amorphous, and melting peaks were not observed in the heating cycles. This suggests that all the polymers are highly amorphous. The azophenol polymers show a reversible trans–cis–trans isomerisation process. These properties of the polymer could be promising for their technological usage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of conjugated triblock copolymers
Authors: Xiao Xing , Fu Yaqin , Sun Minghao , Li Lin , Bo Zhishan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of conjugated triblock copolymers containing hole‐transporting polycarbazole segments, electron‐transporting polyoxadiazole segments, and blue‐light‐emitting polyfluorene segments were prepared with a two‐step palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation (SPC). First dibromo‐terminated polymer precursors (polyfluorenes and polyoxadiazoles) were synthesized as the central buildingblocks. Then, the dibromo‐terminated polymer precursors were further polymerized with AB‐type monomers [2‐bromo‐7‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9‐octylcarbazole, 3‐bromo‐6‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9‐octylcarbazole, and 2‐bromo‐7‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene] to achieve the target triblock copolymers under SPC conditions. The formation of the triblock copolymers was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. The triblock copolymers exhibited good thermal stability. An investigation of the photophysical properties indicated that efficient, photoinduced through‐bond energy transfer occurred in such triblock copolymer systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2410–2424, 2007
Initiation of radical polymerization by peroxyacetates: Polymer end‐group analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Buback Michael , Frauendorf Holm , Günzler Fabian , Vana Philipp 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEnd‐groups of poly(methyl methacrylate) from radical solution polymerization of MMA using tert‐butyl peroxyacetate (TBPA), tert‐amyl peroxyacetate (TAPA), 1,1,2,2‐ tetramethylpropyl peroxyacetate (TMPPA), and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl peroxyacetate (TMBPA) as the initiators were analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The type and the relative concentration of the radical species, which actually initiate macromolecular growth, are determined. In the majority of cases, these species differ from the primary radicals from thermal decomposition of the peroxyacetates. Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) was applied for unambiguous peak assignment. The methylcarbonyloxyl radical, which is formed by the decomposition of all peroxyacetates, was found to undergo decarboxylation yielding an initiating methyl radical. TAPA‐ and TMPPA‐derived alkoxyl radicals mainly show β‐scission, TMBPA‐derived alkoxyl radicals additionally undergo a 1,5‐hydrogen‐shift reaction. The tert‐butoxyl radicals produced from TBPA undergo pronounced chain‐transfer reaction prior to their decomposition into methyl radicals and acetone. In the case of using benzene as a relatively inert solvent, the tert‐butoxyl radicals exhibit transfer to monomer yielding polymer molecules, which do not carry any initiator‐derived end‐groups. By using mesitylene as a cosolvent, small amounts of star polymer were generated via multiple hydrogen abstraction by tert‐butoxyl radicals from the three individual methyl groups of mesitylene. This uncomplicated procedure of modification of end‐group and polymer topology may be attractive for facile adjustment of polymer viscosity in technical processes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2453–2467, 2007
Electric‐field‐controlled synthesis of HPMA hydrogels containing self‐organized arrays of micro‐channels
Authors: Campbell Tedric D. , Washington Randy P. , Steinbock Oliver 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report the synthesis of poly N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide ordered arrays of fluid filled channels. The polymerization and crosslinking reactions are carried out under the influence of a constant electric field (60 V/cm). A charged comonomer, immobiline (pK 3.6), and porogen, polyethylene glycol (PEG) are added to the pregel solutions. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the channels have a typical diameter of 2–25 μm and are oriented parallel to the electric field employed during synthesis. The self‐organization of channels occurs around an optimal PEG concentration of 8.6 wt/vol %, whereas significantly higher or lower concentrations yield random, isotropic pore structures. Moreover, tensile strength measurements show that the mechanical stability increases with decreasing concentration of PEG. Rheology experiments reveal that the swelling degree of these superabsorbant hydrogels increases with increasing PEG. Possible applications of these microstructured hydrogels as bidirectional scaffolds for regenerating neurons in the injured spinal cord are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2593–2600, 2007
ℒ︁2‐Gain analysis and control of uncertain nonlinear systems with bounded disturbance inputs
Authors: Coutinho D.F. , Fu M. , Trofino A. , Danès P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a convex approach to regional stability and ℒ︁2‐gain analysis and control synthesis for a class of nonlinear systems subject to bounded disturbance signals, where the system matrices are allowed to be rational functions of the state and uncertain parameters. To derive sufficient conditions for analysing input‐to‐output properties, we consider polynomial Lyapunov functions of the state and uncertain parameters (assumed to be bounded) and a differential‐algebraic representation of the nonlinear system. The analysis conditions are written in terms of linear matrix inequalities determining a bound on the ℒ︁2‐gain of the input‐to‐output operator for a class of (bounded) admissible disturbance signals. Through a suitable parametrization involving the Lyapunov and control matrices, we also propose a linear (full‐order) output feedback controller with a guaranteed bound on the ℒ︁2‐gain. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.