bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera on High Fat Induced Hyperlipidemic Rat Model
Authors: Himi Humayra Zaman , Rahman Md.Mahbubur , Hasan Syed Abir , Cruze Lia Rose Merry D. , Zaman Tasnuva Sharmin , Chowdhury Md. Mustafiz 
Published: March 2024

Background: The art or practice of herbal remedies refers to the use of herbs and herbal treatments for the purpose of maintaining health and preventing, treating, or curing sickness. In some areas, herbal treatments can also be referred to as herbal medicine.
Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic potentiality of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera extract in high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
Materials and Methods: Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Male rats were made hyperlipidemic by giving high fat diet. M. oleifera was administered in a dose of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg.b.w./day for 30 days in high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The SGPT, SGOT, total cholesterol,triglyceride, LDL,HDL , Urea and creatinine levels were measured after the treatment.
Results: For both the SGPT and the SGOT, it was seen that groups 5 and 6 exhibited statistically significant (p< 0.05) outcomes in the case of the SGPT. When conducting the renal function test, it was observed that the levels of creatinine and urea were statistically significant (p< 0.05) in the cases of groups 4, 5, and 6. In the case of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), groups 4, 5, and 6 showed statistically significant findings (p< 0.05) in HDL levels, while groups 5 and 6 showed statistically significant LDL levels. The triglyceride levels in the group were found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05), while the findings obtained from groups 5 and 6 were also found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study revealed that M. oleifera has anti hyperlipidemic activity.
Comparative Effects of Fermented and Unfermented Parkia biglobosa Bean Seeds in Diabetic Induced Experimental Rats
Authors: Rachael Omodara, Tolani , Anthony Awoyinka, Olayinka , Olubunmi Omojokun, Ayomide 
Published: March 2024

Aims: The present work investigates the hypoglycemic effect of fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa (PB, African locust beans) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Its effect was compared with that of unfermented Parkia biglobosa.
Methodology: In order to assess the hypoglycemic effects of the fermented seeds on experimental animals, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined. The microbiota analysis of the fecal sample was also determined.
Result: Alloxan administered to the rats significantly increased the FBS of the test animals. However, dietary supplementation with fermented PB for three weeks ameliorated the FBS of the rats like that of the unfermented group. The animals fed with fermented Parkia biglobosa gained weight like those fed with unfermented Parkia biglobosa. High levels of HDL and low levels of LDL were observed in animals treated with fermented Parkia biglobosa compared with low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL observed in animals treated with unfermented Parkia biglobosa.
Conclusion: The results of this present study demonstrate that both fermented and unfermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa exert a hypoglycemic effect. Hence, Parkia biglobosa has an anti-diabetic property with fermented form seemingly better.
Speciation of Uranyl Nitrato Complexes in Acetonitrile and in the Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
Authors: Servaes Kelly , Hennig Christoph , Billard Isabelle , Gaillard Clotilde , Binnemans Koen , Görller‐Walrand Christiane , Van Deun Rik 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComplex formation between the uranyl ion and nitrate ions in acetonitrile and the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][Tf2N]) has been studied by absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and uranium LIII EXAFS spectroscopy. The experimental results point to the existence of a trinitrate species [UO2(NO3)3]– with D3h symmetry in both solvents. The atomic distances in the uranium(VI) coordination sphere for the trinitrato complex in acetonitrile are U–Oax = 1.77 ± 0.01 Å and U–Oeq = 2.48 ± 0.01 Å. EXAFS data show that the uranyl ion in the ionic liquid is surrounded by six oxygen atoms in the equatorial plane at a distance of 2.49 ± 0.01 Å. The U–N distance of 2.92 ± 0.01 Å indicates a bidentate coordination of the nitrate group in both solvents. A structural comparison is made between the uranyl trinitrato complex anion [UO2(NO3)3]– and the uranyl tricarbonato complex anion [UO2(CO3)3]4–. No evidence is found for the presence of uranyl nitrato complexes in aqueous solution. The optical absorption, MCD and EXAFS spectra resemble those of the hydrated free uranyl ion. There are two axial oxygen atoms at 1.77 ± 0.01 Å and five equatorial oxygen atoms at 2.41 ± 0.01 Å. These values agree well with structural parameters obtained for the uranyl aqua ion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Elimination of SAS Interferences in Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cr(VI) by Means of Fumed Silica
Authors: Niewiara Ewa , Baś Bogusław , Kubiak Władysław W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the work the procedure of chromium(VI) determination by catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) with application of fumed silica, is presented. Two variants of the method are proposed: in the first fumed silica is put directly to the electrolytic cell containing tested solution, in the second the silica is shaken with the sample and next centrifuged. The effectiveness of many surface‐active substances removal from synthetic solutions as well as natural water samples, is studied. In the experiments the fumed silica (Sigma‐Aldrich) of the specific surface area in the range 200–390 m2 g−1 was used. Two types of the working electrodes were applied, i.e., hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and cyclic renewable mercury film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE). In the silica presence i) the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 0.1 μg L−1 Cr(VI) is <2% (HMDE) and <5% (Hg(Ag)FE), n=7, ii) the detection limits estimated deposition time 20 s were respectively 14 ng L−1 (HMDE) and 22 ng L−1 (Hg(Ag)FE). The accuracy of the method was tested by studying the recovery of Cr(VI) from spiked natural water samples.
Supplementary data confirming the relationship between critical Shields stress, grain size and bed slope
Authors: Pender Gareth , Shvidchenko Andrey B. , Chegini Amir 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article presents new experimental data on threshold conditions for motion of coarse uniform sediments. The experiments were conducted with 2·8 mm gravel in a 7·5 m long by 0·3 m wide flume and included measurements of hydraulic characteristics and rate of bed particle movement for a range of flows at different bed slopes. A reference transport method was used to define the beginning of sediment motion. Results from experiments with glass balls (diameters 6 and 9 mm) and coarse uniform gravels (17·5 and 38·6 mm) conducted by other researchers were used as an additional independent data set. The experimental data confirm the recent finding that the critical Shields stress for motion of coarse uniform sediment varies with both grain size and bed slope. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NF‐kB and caspases are involved in the hyaluronan and chondroitin‐4‐sulphate‐exerted antioxidant effect in fibroblast cultures exposed to oxidative stress
Authors: Campo Giuseppe M. , Avenoso Angela , Campo Salvatore , D'Ascola Angela , Traina Paola , Samà Dario , Calatroni Alberto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis play a critical role in the onset and progression of cellular damage. It was previously reported that hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin‐4‐sulphate (C4S) were able to protect human skin fibroblasts from oxidative stress. This antioxidant activity is due to the chelation of transition metal ions. Nuclear factor kB (NF‐kB), complexed with the inhibitory protein IkBα, is an ubiquitous response transcription factor involved in inflammatory reactions and acts by inducing cytokine expression, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules. Caspases are specific proteases responsible for the regulation and the execution of apoptotic cell death. The damage caused by free radicals may be amplified greatly by the activation of these factors. The study investigated whether the ability of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to reduce oxidative damage in fibroblast cultures involves NF‐kB and caspases modulation.The treatment of fibroblasts with both HA and C4S limited the cell damage induced by FeSO4 plus ascorbate. An interesting aspect of this treatment was that these GAGs significantly inhibited NF‐kB DNA binding, as confirmed by the normalization of IkBα protein, and reduced caspase activation at both mRNA and protein level. A possible explanation for these results, since lipid peroxidation intermediates may induce NF‐kB and caspase activation, is that HA and C4S indirectly blocked NF‐kB DNA binding and apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.These data suggest that, during oxidative stress, HA and C4S may reduce cell damage by inhibiting NF‐kB and apoptosis activation as well as protecting cells from free radical attack. According to these finding the use of HA and C4S could be positive both as tool to clarify the exact mechanism of GAGs/ROS interaction, and also as drug therapy to reduce oxidative stress during inflammation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of UV Curing on Electrical Properties of a UV‐Curable co‐Polyacrylate/Silica Nanocomposite as a Transparent Encapsulation Resin for Device Packaging
Authors: Wang Yu‐Young , Hsieh Tsung‐Eong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectrical properties of UV‐curable co‐polyacrylate/silica nanocomposite resins prepared via sol‐gel process for device encapsulation were investigated. It was found that, by appropriate UV curing process and the formation of nanoscale silica particles finely dispersed in the resin matrix, the leakage current density of the nanocomposite resin films decreases from 235 to 1.3 nA · cm−2 at the applied electrical field of 10 kV · cm−1. The silica nanoparticles also restricted the motions of polar functional groups in organic matrix that the nanocomposite films with satisfactory dielectric properties [dielectric constant (ε) = 3.93 and tangent loss (tanδ = 0.0472) could be obtained. Chemical structure analyses revealed that excessive UV curing results in photooxidation and/or photodegradation in resin samples, leading to the polar groups and ionic/radical segments in organic matrix as well as the SiOSi structure in the vicinity of silica nanoparticles. These organic/inorganic functional groups generated more permeation paths for charge carrier migration and hence deteriorated the electrical properties of the nanocomposite samples. Though post‐baking treatment at 80 °C for 1 h followed by UV curing improved the rigidity of the resin sample, it brought the polar functional groups closer to each other and similarly degraded electrical properties of the nanocomposite resins.magnified image
High‐efficiency blue light‐emitting polymers based on 3,6‐silafluorene and 2,7‐silafluorene
Authors: Wang Ergang , Li Chun , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel blue‐emitting polymer based on 3,6‐silafluorene and 2,7‐silafluorene was synthesized via the Suzuki polycondensation. The resulting polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents, such as toluene, xylene, THF, and chloroform. The thermal, electrochemical, photophysical, and electroluminescence properties of the resulting polymers were investigated. The device fabricated from the copolymer with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/polymer/Ba/Al exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 1.95%, a luminous efficiency of 1.69 cd A−1 and a maximal brightness of 6000 cd m−2. It has been found that the incorporation of the 3,6‐silafluorene unit into the poly(2,7‐silafluorene) main chain can not only improve the color purity of the devices from the resulting copolymer but also enhance its device efficiency. Moreover, no undesired long‐wavelength green emission was observed in the PL spectra of P36‐27SiF90 compared to that of PFO with a dominating emission at 500–600 nm after thermal annealing at 200 °C for 8 h. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4941–4949, 2007
Chemical lonization mass spectrometry of fatty acids: The effect of functional groups on the CI spectra1
Authors: Plattner R. D. , Gardner H. W. , Kleiman R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemical ionization (CI) mass spectra of functionally substituted fatty esters are a useful aid in determining molecular weight. Isobutane and ammonia CI mass spectra of various hydroxy, keto, epoxy and hydroperoxy fatty esters are reported and discussed.
Fatty acid and sterol compositions of malagasy tamarind kernel oils
Authors: Andriamanantena R. W. , Artaud J. , Gaydou E. M. , Iatrides M. C. , Chevalier J. L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe oil contents of six samples of Malagasy tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) kernel were determined by hexane extraction (6.0–6.4%) and chloroform/methanol extraction (7.4‐9.0%). The protein contents were very low (trace‐0.1%). Investigation by gas liquid chromatography revealed 15 fatty acids, mainly palmitic (14–20%), stearic (6–7%), oleic (15–27%), linoleic (36–49%), arachidic (2–4%), behenic (3–5%) and lignoceric (3–8%) acids. Testing for the sterol fraction enabled seven sterols to be separated and quantitatively analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. The main sterols were β‐sitosterol (66–72%), campesterol (16–19%) and stigmasterol (11–14%).
Surface activity of separated phases of the surfactant/water/corn oil system
Authors: Wan L. S. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAqueous solutions of octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X‐114) show phase separation on standing and also in the presence of corn oil. The surface tension of varying concentrations of the upper phase of these systems decreases markedly at lower concentrations, tending to become constant at higher concentrations. The surface activity of this phase as observed from surface tension/ concentration curves may be greater, less than or about the same as that of the corresponding upper phase concentration of the control which is a surfactant solution without the oil. Results of this study indicate that the surface activity of the upper phase of Triton X‐114 solutions is not affected so much by the solubilization of corn oil but by the limit to which solubilization has occurred. The surface activity of this phase is much less than that of the lower phase of corresponding systems. However, the surface activity of the lower phase is not influenced by the solubilizate or solubilization of the oil.
USAID program for the prevention and treatment of vaginal fistula
Authors: MacDonald P. , Stanton M.E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe cornerstone of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) fistula program is to support and strengthen local capacity for fistula repair. The USAID program includes support to upgrade facilities, enhance local surgical repair capability, allocate equipment and supplies to operating rooms, implement quality improvement systems, and cover the women's transportation costs to and from the treatment facilities. The program also offers training in clinical and counseling skills; transferring skills South‐to‐South; and monitoring and evaluating the program's effectiveness. As new fistula cases continually increase the backlog of untreated cases, its efforts are also directed toward the prevention of fistula and the reintegration of treated women into their communities. Furthermore, the program challenges the culture of sexual violence against women that leads to traumatic gynecologic fistulas.
AUGUST MENCKEN & BRO.
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter chronicles Mencken's rebellion against his father; he plot to his escape from working at the family cigar factory to become a newspaperman. Unable to do so, Mencken retreats into the world of books. He is influenced by the works of iconoclasts such as Thomas Henry Huxley, James Huneker, and Percival Pollard. During this period of despair, he never guessed that some of these same men would later become his friends. The death of August Mencken in 1899 left Henry Louis Mencken finally free to pursue journalism, “the maddest, gladdest, damndest existence ever enjoyed by mortal youth”.
THE DUEL OF SEX
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores another private aspect of Mencken that extended beyond his domesticity at home and his musical evenings with The Saturday Night Club. With his growing fame and America's repudiation of its Victorian and Puritan past, Mencken's social life entered a new phase. With the publication of his book, In Defense of Women, Mencken became known as “the German Valentino”, and his life was filled with a succession of girlfriends. When Marion Bloom decided to marry, another woman entered his life, Southern writer Sara Haardt.
THE GREAT GOD MENCKEN
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
In 1926, Mencken was at the zenith of his popularity. Walter Lippmann called him “the most powerful personal influence on this whole generation of educated people”. This chapter analyzes Mencken's celebrity: his popularity among college students and writers, both in the United States and overseas. Ironically, for all of his popularity, a deep well of loneliness gripped him. Mencken met Hollywood actress Aileen Pringle, and began a passionate love affair.
VARIATIONS ON A FAMILIAR THEME
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Sara Haardt's health crisis in 1929 occurred when Mencken was immersed in the writing of Treatise on the Gods, a culmination of his thinking on the nature and origin of religion. The book was controversial, especially for its comments on the Jewish race. He gave a revealing interview, not expecting that in the next few years a series of events would alienate some of his closest Jewish friends.
HARD TIMES
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The situation of The American Mercury did not improve during the Depression, and brought Alfred Knopf; his father, Samuel; and Mencken at a crossroads. Samuel Knopf wanted Mencken to expand the magazine along his own editorial lines; Mencken balked. A new generation of college students derided him; critics said that Mencken's columns aroused as much controversy as the weatherman. At this juncture, George Jean Nathan wrote his memoirs, Friends of Mine, and his disloyalty put an end to their troubled friendship.
BALTIMORE'S FRIENDLY DRAGON
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Mencken's return to his home at 1524 Hollins Street marked the beginning of his critical rehabilitation. With the success of the new edition of The American Language, Mencken began writing a series of nostalgic pieces on his childhood that will form his memoirs and establish the way the next generation would remember him. His opposition against Roosevelt and his New Deal policies did not change as he followed the campaign trail of Kansas Governor Alfred Landon.
THE WEAPON OF SILENCE
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
While Mencken had been critical of Roosevelt's social programs and rebelled against the United States entering a war he did not believe in, his increasing bitterness focused on issues of liberty and censorship, and the government's attempt to stifle the press. Under the authority of the War Powers Act, Roosevelt established an Office of Censorship. Although it was not as extreme as what the nation had experienced during World War I, it was nevertheless harsh and prompted Mencken to reflect on what could happen in the future, when another President used these same powers. As was his custom, he turned to Thomas Jefferson: “Our liberty depends on the freedom of the press, and that cannot be limited without being lost”.
ON THE HOME FRONT
Authors: Rodgers Marion Elizabeth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Although World War II did not affect Mencken personally, he was dismayed by the way shortages interfered with the routine of American life. He also became disillusioned with the practice of journalism. To Mencken, reporters have become timid bystanders, leaving their work early in order to play golf. Just as he had during World War I, Mencken focused on neutral subjects in his books. His trilogy of memoirs, Happy Days, Newspaper Days, and Heathen Days were greeted with much success, as was his New Dictionary of Quotations and the fourth edition of The American Language.
Lyrical Leftists, Juvenile Publishing, and the Politics of Progressive Education
Authors: Mickenberg Julia L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter traces the parallel development of three phenomena in the early 20th century, which separately and in combination helped create a basis for leftist influence in the children's literature field in the mid-20th century. First, the Greenwich Village, bohemian avant-garde otherwise known as the “Lyrical Left” which invested great hope in a “new, free generation” of children, gained cultural ascendancy through magazines like The Masses, producing writers such as Alfred Kreymborg, Wanda Gag, and Carl Sandburg. In the 1920s, these authors would write children's books geared toward liberating the child's imagination. Second, juvenile publishing became a distinct branch of the American publishing industry, and juvenile editing like children's librarianship became a specialty almost completely dominated by educated, independent-minded women. Finally, thanks largely to the efforts of Lucy Sprague Mitchell, progressive education, emphasizing experience, cooperation, and child-centeredness helped produce a vogue in children's literature about the “here and now”, with emphasis on industrial workers and machines, as well as works promoting internationalism or highlighting “cultural gifts”; progressive educational practices also helped make school libraries central to the educational experience, and dramatically increased the market for children's literature.
Darwinism and Sociopolitical Thought
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses how Darwin succeeded in capturing a wide audience of scientists and non-scientists. Darwinian theory was used to support all types of political and ideological positions, from the most reactionary to the most progressive, including racism, militarism, laissez-faire economics, unfettered capitalism, Marxism, and anarchism. Laissez-faire economic theory, social Darwinism, application of Darwinism in international relations, political left's embrace of Darwinian theory, and debates over whether Darwin himself was a social Darwinist.
Dissent from Darwin
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses the customary assumptions about the nature of the earth and about heredity and species that challenged Darwin's model. Topics covered include the age of the Earth, definitions of the word “species” in the 18th and 19th centuries, challenges to Darwin's account of speciation, holes in the fossil record, neo-Lamarckism, orthogenesis, and saltationism.