bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE FATTY ACIDS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF SESAME SEEDS (SESAMUM INDICUM)
Authors: YOSHIDA HIROMI , TANAKA MEGUMI , TOMIYAMA YUKA , MIZUSHINA YOSHIYUKI 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT The fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and major phospholipids (PLs) in sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds was investigated in relation to the endogenous antioxidants. γ‐Tocopherol was present in the highest concentration, and δ‐ and α‐tocopherols were found in very small amounts. Sesamin and sesamolin were the main lignan components. The lipids extracted from three cultivars were separated by thin‐layer chromatography. The major lipid components were TAGs and PLs, while steryl esters, free fatty acids and sn‐1,3‐ and sn‐1,2‐diacylglycerols were also present in minor proportions. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in fatty acid distribution existed when different sesame seed cultivars were examined. However, the principal characteristics of the fatty acid distribution in the TAGs, as well as the major PLs, were evident among the three cultivars; unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly concentrated in the sn‐2‐position, and saturated fatty acids primarily occupied the sn‐1‐ or sn‐3‐position. These results suggest that there are no essential differences (P > 0.05) in the oil components among three cultivars.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis paper describes the fatty acid compositions of glycerides, particularly the positional distribution of the fatty acids of triacylglycerols along with those of the main PL in sesame seeds in relation to the endogenous antioxidants. These results were similar to the positional fatty acid distributions in the lipid classes of peanut, corn and soybeans among the plants seeds in the literature, and suggest that there are no essential differences (P > 0.05) in the oil components among the three cultivars. The data obtained would be contributed to both producers and consumers to investigate the functional properties of sesame seed oil.
CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL AND SENSORIAL PROFILE OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OILS FLAVORED WITH HERBS AND SPICES DURING STORAGE
Authors: GAMBACORTA G. , FACCIA M. , PATI S. , LAMACCHIA C. , BAIANO A. , LA NOTTE E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT A study is reported on the chemical and sensorial characteristics of extra virgin olive oil flavored with hot pepper, garlic, oregano and rosemary during 7 months of storage. The oils were prepared by addition of the spice oily extracts at three different levels of concentration to an extra virgin olive oil. The following parameters were monitored: acidity, peroxide value (PV), K232, K270, (E)‐2‐hexenal/hexanal ratio and sensorial characteristics. At the end of the storage, all samples showed PV and K232 values lower than the control, whereas similar values of acidity, K270 and (E)‐2‐hexenal/hexanal ratio were observed. These results demonstrated that the herb and spice extracts improved the stability of the extra virgin olive oil. Tasters were able to distinguish among the levels of addition, and at the end of the storage, they preferred the oils flavored with 20 g/L of rosemary, 40 g/L of hot pepper, 40 g/L of oregano and 30 g/L of garlic.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research is strongly oriented to the industrial application. The obtained results could be immediately applied to flavored olive oil production since the experimental plan includes the set‐up of the process and the preference of consumers. Producers will acquire a novel product having a greater added value (due to the nutritional and antioxidant power of the spices) but without changes in the plants already present in the factories and, thus, without increases in costs.
PETROLEUM SEEPAGES AT ASUK, DISKO, WEST GREENLAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
Authors: Bojesen‐Koefoed J. A. , Bidstrup T. , Christiansen F. G. , Dalhoff F. , Gregersen U. , Nytoft H. P. , Nøhr‐Hansen H. , Pedersen A. K. , Sønderholm M. 
Published: June 2007

Organic geochemical screening and biological marker analysis was carried out on a total of 45 Albian‐Cenomanian sandstone and mudstone samples collected from a landslide block on thenorth coast of Disko island, central West Greenland. The landslide block covers an area of severalsquare kilometres, and originated approximately 400 m up‐section from where it moved to itspresent position after the last glaciation. The mudstones are generally rich in organic carbon butshow no potential for petroleum generation. However, biodegraded oil stains were found in thepoorly lithified sandstones. Staining by undegraded or only slightly degraded oil in volcanic rocks iscommon in this region, but the occurrence described here is the only known outcrop where staining occurs in siliciclastic sediments, and also the only one known in which the oil is severely biodegraded.The oil stains appear to represent a biodegraded variety of the Cretaceous marine shale derived Itilli oil type which is known from many locations in the Disko‐Nussusaq‐Svartenhuk Halvø region. The oils entered the sandstones before the landslide event, probably during or beforethe extrusion of the volcanic succession in the Paleogene.This is the first time that a petroleum seepage has been found to the east of the Kuugannguaq‐Qunnillik fault zone, which is located approximately 30 km west of Asuk. The presence of stainingby marine oil at Asuk demonstrates that marine petroleum source rocks were deposited muchfurther eastwards than was previously thought, thus expanding the area of potential explorationsignificantly. The presence of marine source rocks to the east of the Kuugannguaq‐Qunnillik faultzone may explain the frequent observation of Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators in seismic datacollected in the Vaigat Sound.
A 3D HIGH RESOLUTION MODEL OF BOUNDING SURFACES IN AEOLIAN‐FLUVIAL DEPOSITS: AN OUTCROP ANALOGUE STUDY FROM THE PERMIAN ROTLIEGEND, NORTHERN GERMANY
Authors: Fischer C. , Gaupp R. , Dimke M. , Sill O. 
Published: June 2007

The fluvial‐aeolian Rotliegend succession exposed in a quarry near Magdeburg (Flechtinger Höhenzug, Northern Germany) is an analogue for deeply‐buried gas‐bearing Rotliegend sandstones in the Southern Permian Basin. The spatial configuration of bounding surfaces within this succession was reconstructed with reference to twelve profiles with 926 sample points. Generally sub‐horizontal interdune migration surfaces were surveyed, and the areal extent of small‐scale superimposition surfaces and the thicknesses of intervening strata were measured. Based on these observations and also on the extent of different lithofacies types and on corresponding porosity and permeability data, a 3D lithofacies model (including bounding surface configurations) incorporating porosity and radial permeability was created using PETRELT™ software.In the quarry, aeolian sandstones approximately 12 m thick (φ∼ 5‐11 vol. %, κradial∼ 0.01‐10mD) are separated into a number of tabular bed sets by sub‐horizontal interdune migration surfaces. The surfaces are often associated with thin pelitic intervals with low permeabilities which originate from deflation and sheet flow events. Aeolian deposits consist mainly of two lithotypes: low‐angle cross‐bedded, and steeply cross‐bedded medium‐grained sandstones. Superimposition surfaces occur at the base of the low‐angle cross‐bedded sandstone bodies. The highest porosities and permeabilities occur within the steeply cross‐bedded sandstones, reflecting intense eodiagenetic calcite and quartz cementation with subsequent calcite dissolution. The low‐angle cross‐bedded sandstones may act as flow baffles.This outcrop‐derived, high resolution model may contribute to a better understanding of the subsurface architecture and reservoir properties of aeolian‐fluvial successions. Taking into consideration the centimetre‐ to metre‐scaled inhomogeneities observed at outcrop, lithotype modelling with reference to the occurrence of bounding surfaces may help to predict how similar reservoir rocks are partitioned.
Sociolinguistic Horizons: Language and Sexuality
Authors: Queen Robin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this essay, I examine the current state of research on the connections between language and sexuality and argue that the time has arrived for such research to adopt a more vigorous use of the scientific method, which will allow for testing the predictions made by the various theoretical interventions that have been proposed since the 1990s. I begin by outlining the major theoretical debate within the field, namely, the question of the place of social identity within a theory of language and sexuality and then detail several areas and trends in the research, including research focused on lexical and grammatical variation, language and sexual identity, language and heterosexuality, language and eroticism, and finally experimental approaches to language and sexuality. I conclude with a call for more integration of deductive and inductive approaches within the field.
Efficacy and anticarcinogenic activity of interferon for hepatitis C virus‐related compensated cirrhosis in patients with genotype 1b low viral load or genotype 2
Authors: Hasegawa Eiko , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: June 2007

Background:  We assessed the efficacy and anticarcinogenic effects of interferon (IFN) therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related cirrhosis.Methods:  The study subjects were 123 Japanese patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis with genotype 1b low viral load or genotype 2 who received IFN from 1989 to 2005 (18 patients continue to receive IFN therapy). They included 81 men and 42 women aged 29–74 years (median, 56 years).Results:  Univariate analysis identified four parameters that significantly influenced SVR; viral load (low HCV concentration, P < 0.001), duration of IFN therapy (≥ 52 weeks, P = 0.029), daily dose of IFN (≥ 6 million units, P = 0.018), induction therapy (presence, P = 0.010) and choline esterase (> 1.0 ΔpH, P = 0.037). Multivariate analysis identified viral load (risk ratio = 6.329, P < 0.001) and daily dose of IFN (risk ratio = 2.62, P = 0.042) as two independent parameters thatinfluenced SVR. During the observation period, newly developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected in 22 patients. The rates of development of HCC in patients with SVR were 5.8% at the fifth year and 10.3% at the 10th year, compared with 25.8% at the fifth year and 42.5% at the 10th year in non‐SVR patients. Multivariate analysis showed that IFN efficacy (SVR) was the only independent factor of hepatocarcinogenesis (hazard ratio: 0.185, 95% confidence interval: 0.042–0.810, P = 0.025)Conclusion:  Among patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis, the rate of development of HCC is significantly less in patients with SVR.
Impact of Transmission Intensity on the Accuracy of Genotyping To Distinguish Recrudescence from New Infection in Antimalarial Clinical Trials
Authors: Greenhouse Bryan , Dokomajilar Christian , Hubbard Alan , Rosenthal Philip J. , Dorsey Grant 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT
Antimalarial clinical trials use genotyping techniques to distinguish new infection from recrudescence. In areas of high transmission, the accuracy of genotyping may be compromised due to the high number of infecting parasite strains. We compared the accuracies of genotyping methods, using up to six genotyping markers, to assign outcomes for two large antimalarial trials performed in areas of Africa with different transmission intensities. We then estimated the probability of genotyping misclassification and its effect on trial results. At a moderate-transmission site, three genotyping markers were sufficient to generate accurate estimates of treatment failure. At a high-transmission site, even with six markers, estimates of treatment failure were 20% for amodiaquine plus artesunate and 17% for artemether-lumefantrine, regimens expected to be highly efficacious. Of the observed treatment failures for these two regimens, we estimated that at least 45% and 35%, respectively, were new infections misclassified as recrudescences. Increasing the number of genotyping markers improved the ability to distinguish new infection from recrudescence at a moderate-transmission site, but using six markers appeared inadequate at a high-transmission site. Genotyping-adjusted estimates of treatment failure from high-transmission sites may represent substantial overestimates of the true risk of treatment failure.
Diversity of
penA
Alterations and Subtypes in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Strains from Sydney, Australia, That Are Less Susceptible to Ceftriaxone
Authors: Whiley David M. , Limnios E. Athena , Ray Sanghamitra , Sloots Theo P. , Tapsall John W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Increasing numbers of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
strains with decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and other oral cephalosporins widely used for the treatment of gonorrhea have been isolated in Sydney, Australia, over several years. In this study, we examined the complete penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) amino acid sequences of 109 gonococci, selected on the basis of their diverse temporal and geographic origins and because they exhibited a range of ceftriaxone MICs: ≤0.03 μg/ml (
n
= 59), 0.06 μg/ml (
n
= 43), and 0.125 μg/ml (
n
= 7). Auxotyping, serotyping, and genotyping by
N. gonorrhoeae
multiantigen sequence typing sequence-based analysis was also performed. In total, 20 different amino acid sequence patterns were identified, indicating considerable variation in the PBP 2 sequences in this study sample. Only some of the
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates with significantly higher ceftriaxone MICs contained a mosaic PBP 2 pattern, while more isolates exhibited a nonmosaic PBP 2 pattern containing an A501V substitution. Although particular
N. gonorrhoeae
genotypes in our sample were shown to be less susceptible to ceftriaxone, the reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was not specific to any particular genotype and was observed in a broad range of auxotypes, serotypes, and genotypes. Overall, the results of our study show that
N. gonorrhoeae
strains exhibiting reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone are not of a particular subtype and that a number of different mutations in PBP 2 may contribute to this phenomenon.
Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae
Strains in Various Types of Private Health Care Centers
Authors: Arpin Corinne , Coulange Laure , Dubois Véronique , André Catherine , Fischer Isabelle , Fourmaux Sophie , Grobost Frédéric , Jullin Jacqueline , Dutilh Brigitte , Couture Jean-Francois , Noury Patrick , Lagrange Isabelle , Ducastaing Aline , Doermann Henri-Pierre , Quentin Claudine 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

During a 2004 survey, 49 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria were collected in 20 French private health care centers and one local hospital. They included 12 CTX-M-producing
Escherichia coli
strains (1.8% versus 0.3% in a 1999 survey). Most of them belonged to the same clone and contained a
bla
CTX-M-15
gene on similar conjugative plasmids.
Increasing Ceftriaxone Resistance and Multiple Alterations of Penicillin-Binding Proteins among Penicillin-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Isolates in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Su Lin-Hui , Huang Yhu-Chering , Lai Jui-Chia , Chen Hsiu-Ling , Wu Tsu-Lan , Lin Tzou-Yien 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

The rate of nonsusceptibility of penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strains to ceftriaxone increased significantly in Taiwan in 2005. Approximately 90% of the ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible isolates were found to be of four major serotypes (serotypes 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F). Seven amino acid alterations in the penicillin-binding protein 2B transpeptidase-encoding region specifically contributed to the resistance.
Comparative Role of Immunoglobulin A in Protective Immunity against the Bordetellae
Authors: Wolfe Daniel N. , Kirimanjeswara Girish S. , Goebel Elizabeth M. , Harvill Eric T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe genusBordetellaincludes a group of closely related mammalian pathogens that cause a variety of respiratory diseases in a long list of animals (B. bronchiseptica) and whooping cough in humans (B. pertussisandB. parapertussis). While past research has examined how these pathogens are eliminated from the lower respiratory tract, the host factors that control and/or clear the bordetellae from the upper respiratory tract remain unclear. We hypothesized that immunoglobulin A (IgA), the predominant mucosal antibody isotype, would have a protective role against these mucosal pathogens. IgA−/−mice were indistinguishable from wild-type mice in their control and clearance ofB. pertussisorB. parapertussis, suggesting that IgA is not crucial to immunity to these organisms. However, naïve and convalescent IgA−/−mice were defective in reducing the numbers ofB. bronchisepticain the upper respiratory tract compared to wild-type controls. Passively transferred serum from convalescent IgA−/−mice was not as effective as serum from convalescent wild-type mice in clearing this pathogen from the tracheae of naive recipient mice. IgA induced byB. bronchisepticainfection predominantly recognized lipopolysaccharide-containing O-antigen, and antibodies against O-antigen were important to bacterial clearance from the trachea. Since an IgA response contributes to the control ofB. bronchisepticainfection of the upper respiratory tract, immunization strategies aimed at inducingB. bronchiseptica-specific IgA may be beneficial to preventing the spread of this bacterium among domestic animal populations.
A Lagrangian-Based Approach for Determining Trajectories Taxonomy and Turbulence Regimes
Authors: Rupolo Volfango 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The use of the ratio between the acceleration and velocity time scales y = Ta/Tυ to separate Lagrangian trajectories in homogeneous classes is proposed. In fact, when analyzing subsurface floats data in the Atlantic Ocean and surface drifters data in the world’s ocean basins, it is observed that trajectories having different values of y are characterized by different shapes, correlation, and dispersal properties. In particular, trajectories having similar values of the acceleration and velocity time scales clearly show the influence of eddies and are characterized by an oscillating velocity correlation function. It is shown here that this trajectory screening is a useful procedure to rationalize the analysis of real Lagrangian trajectories and to avoid a mixture of different regimes, when averaging quantities. The mean statistical quantities computed averaging on quasi-homogeneous datasets put in evidence the role of the coherent structures in the dispersion properties, both in time and in the main oceanic current systems. These results are discussed in the context of the parameterization of eddy diffusivity in general circulation models.
Vertical Vorticity Balance in Meanders Downstream the Agulhas Retroflection
Authors: Ochoa José , Niiler Peter P. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The Agulhas Current flows poleward along the western boundary of the southeastern Indian Ocean where, at the southernmost latitude of the African continent, it executes a dramatic anticyclonic turn, or retroflection, to the east. Since 1978, a large number of drifting buoys have passed through this eastward-flowing Agulhas Return Current (ARC), or the zonal frontal boundary between subtropical and subpolar waters of the south Indian Ocean. The spatial distribution of the ensemble-averaged near-surface velocity along the ARC axis reveals a series of steady-state meanders of 700-km wavelength and amplitudes that decrease from 170 km in the first meander to 50 km in the following four meanders. Here an analysis of vorticity balance of the meandering ARC speed axis is presented that demonstrates a balance between the β term and advection of curvature vorticity. This balance implies that the ARC axis, or frontal region, is horizontally nondivergent in agreement with the other observations of flow in the surface layers of near-zonal oceanic fronts.
Instability and Diapycnal Momentum Transport in a Double-Diffusive, Stratified Shear Layer
Authors: Smyth William D. , Kimura Satoshi 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The linear stability of a double-diffusively stratified, inflectional shear flow is investigated. Double-diffusive stratification has little effect on shear instability except when the density ratio Rρ is close to unity. Double-diffusive instabilities have significant growth rates and can represent the fastest-growing mode even in the presence of inflectionally unstable shear with a low Richardson number. In the linear regime, background shear has no effect on double-diffusive modes except to select the orientation of the wave vector. The converse is not true: double-diffusive modes modify the mean shear via momentum fluxes. The momentum flux driven by salt sheets is parameterized in terms of a Schmidt number (ratio of eddy viscosity to saline diffusivity) Scs. In the oceanic parameter regime, Scs is less than unity and can be approximated as Scs = 0.08 ln[Rρ/(Rρ − 1)]. Enhanced molecular dissipation by unstable motions is quantified in terms of the dissipation ratio Γ, and the results are compared with observations. Corresponding results are given for diffusive convection in an inflectional shear flow, though linear theory is expected to give a less accurate description of this mechanism.
Dispersive Fluxes between the Coastal Ocean and a Semienclosed Estuarine Basin
Authors: Fram Jonathan P. , Martin Maureen A. , Stacey Mark T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScalar exchange between San Francisco Bay and the coastal ocean is examined using shipboard observations made across the Golden Gate Channel. The study consists of experiments during each of the following three “seasons”: winter/spring runoff (March 2002), summer upwelling (July 2003), and autumn relaxation (October 2002). Within each experiment, transects across the channel were repeated approximately every 12 min for 25 h during both spring and neap tides. Velocity was measured from a boat-mounted ADCP. Scalar concentrations were measured at the surface and from a tow-yoed SeaSciences Acrobat. Net salinity exchange rates for each season are quantified with harmonic analysis. Accuracy of the net fluxes is confirmed by comparison with independently measured values. Harmonic results are then decomposed into flux mechanisms using temporal and spatial correlations. In this study, the temporal correlation of cross-sectionally averaged salinity and velocity (tidal pumping flux) is the largest part of the dispersive flux of salinity into the bay. From the tidal pumping flux portion of the dispersive flux, it is shown that there is less exchange than was found in earlier studies. Furthermore, tidal pumping flux scales strongly with freshwater flow resulting from the density-driven movement of a tidally trapped eddy and stratification-induced increases in ebb–flood frictional phasing. Complex bathymetry makes salinity exchange scale differently with flow than would be expected from simple tidal asymmetry and gravitational circulation models.