bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Aspects of Self-Organizing Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architectures Entwurfsaspekte selbstorganisierender, heterogener Multicore-Architekturen
Authors: Buchty Rainer , Karl Wolfgang 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Already today we face architectures featuring up to several hundreds of processors, being able to manage several thousand concurrent threads. Future architectures, however, will not only see an increase in parallelism but also feature an increase in heterogeneity and reconfigurability. Judging from current production and prototype architectures, we also see that such systems will be tiled, i. e., individual cores with local memory interconnected through some means of on-chip communication. Current discussions show that existing approaches to application mapping, parallelization, data locality optimization, and system management do not match these upcoming architectures well, thus rather hampering than harnessing the power of future systems. We will therefore outline the requirements of upcoming architectures and demonstrate how self-organization, including bio-inspired, techniques may help to manage system complexity. Key to these techniques is a sophisticated decentralized, hierarchical monitoring approach suitable for sustained real-time monitoring and event correlation for current and future high-performance architectures.
Survival Comparison of Spring Chinook Salmon Reared in a Production Hatchery under Optimum Conventional and Seminatural Conditions
Authors: Fast David E. , Neeley Douglas , Lind David T. , Johnston Mark V. , Strom Charles R. , Bosch William J. , Knudsen Curtis M. , Schroder Steve L. , Watson Bruce D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe found insufficient evidence to conclude that seminatural treatment (SNT; i.e., rearing in camouflage‐painted raceways with surface and underwater structures and underwater feeders) of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha resulted in higher survival indices than did optimum conventional treatment (OCT; i.e., rearing in concrete raceways with surface feeding) for the specific treatments and environmental conditions tested. We reared spring Chinook salmon from fry to smolt in paired raceways under the SNT and OCT rearing treatments for five consecutive years. For four to nine SNT and OCT raceway pairs annually, we used passive integrated transponder, coded wire, and visual implant elastomer tags to compare survival indices for juvenile fish from release at three different acclimation sites 340‐400 km downstream to passage at McNary Dam on the Columbia River, and for adults from release to adult return to Roza Dam in the upper Yakima basin. The observed differences in juvenile and adult survival between the SNT and OCT fish were either statistically insignificant, conflicting in their statistical significance, or explained by significant differences in the presence of the causative agents of bacterial kidney disease in juvenile fish at release.
Drinking water treatment plant assessment through performance indicators
Authors: Vieira P. , Alegre H. , Rosa M. J. , Lucas H. 
Published: October 2008

Performance assessment (PA) of urban infrastructure services, mainly in the case of water systems, is becoming a major issue worldwide. Therefore, in the last decade, the need for a clear definition of management objectives of water services and the subsequent need to monitor goals achievement have led to the development of some initiatives to tackle the evaluation of the efficiency of those services, their main aim being the definition of systems of performance indicators. However, these PA systems are strongly oriented by a management/economic perspective and technical aspects have often been ignored. In addition, none of them has specifically addressed the drinking water treatment.
This paper presents a proposal for a PI system that applies to drinking water treatment facilities as a part of a standardised methodology for performance assessment. In total, ca. 80 PI have been defined and classified according to seven evaluation domains, namely: treated water quality; plant reliability; use of natural resources and raw materials; by-products management; safety; human resources; and, economical and financial resources.
The impact of climate change on drinking water supply by riverbank filtration
Authors: Eckert P. , Lamberts R. , Wagner C. 
Published: October 2008

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a well proven natural treatment, which in many countries is part of a multi-barrier concept in drinking water supply. The induced infiltration of river water into the aquifer produces a significant improvement in river water quality. Riverbank filtration wells are characterized by a high capacity.
Based on data from recent years, an integrated approach to assessing the impact of climate change on safe drinking water production by RBF is demonstrated in the Lower Rhine Valley, Germany. Influencing factors on quantitative as well as qualitative aspects were identified. During low river water periods, the capacity of the RBF-wells decreases. In addition the lower discharge within the river is accompanied by a increased concentration of several chemical compounds. Together with higher water temperatures which influence the hydrogeochemical processes during RBF, the changing raw water composition has to be considered for the subsequent technical treatment step.
However, our investigations reveal that despite the impact of climate change on RBF, the multi-protective barrier concept, including both natural and technical purification, has proven a reliable method for drinking water production. The sanitation of the Rhine over the last decades was an important step to make RBF more resilient to climate change.
Biosorption of Pb2 +  and Cd2 +  in a Fixed Bed Column with Immobilised Chorella sp. Biomass
Authors: Almaguer Cantu Veronica , Garza-González Ma Teresa , de la Rosa Javier Rivera , Loredo-Medrano Jose Angel 
Published: October 2008

The biosorption of Pb2 +  and Cd2 +  in a fixed bed column by immobilised Chlorella sp. was characterised in a fixed bed column. Effect of initial concentration of Pb2 +  and Cd2 + , pH, and pellet size on the biosorption capacity was studied, at laboratory scale, using a factorial experiment design 23, in a 10 cm height × 1 cm of diameter continuous flow column packed with immobilised biomass.
Equilibrium uptake of Pb2 +  and Cd2 + , increased with increasing initial metal ion concentration. It was favoured to pH 5, with a pellet of 5 mm of diameter. Langmuir model described the biosorption equilibrium of both metals.
The biosorption of each single cation was studied too in a large column (50 cm height × 5 cm of diameter) at bench scale with a range of flow of 40 to 80 mL min−1. The mass transfer coefficient was determined fitting the experimental data to continuity equations that were discretised in the radial terms with orthogonal collocation method.
Biological treatment of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) wastewater
Authors: Lei C. N. , Whang L. M. , Lin H. L. 
Published: October 2008

The amount of pollutants produced during manufacturing processes of TFT-LCD (thin-film transistor liquid crystal display) substantially increases due to an increasing production of the opto-electronic industry in Taiwan. The total amount of wastewater from TFT-LCD manufacturing plants is expected to exceed 200,000 CMD in the near future. Typically, organic solvents used in TFT-LCD manufacturing processes account for more than 33% of the total TFT-LCD wastewater. The main components of these organic solvents are composed of the stripper (dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and monoethanolamine (MEA)), developer (tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH)) and chelating agents. These compounds are recognized as non-or slow-biodegradable organic compounds and little information is available regarding their biological treatability.
In this study, the performance of an A/O SBR (anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor) treating synthetic TFT-LCD wastewater was evaluated. The long-term experimental results indicated that the A/O SBR was able to achieve stable and satisfactory removal performance for DMSO, MEA and TMAH at influent concentrations of 430, 800, and 190 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiencies for all three compounds examined were more than 99%. In addition, batch tests were conducted to study the degradation kinetics of DMSO, MEA, and TMAH under aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The organic substrate of batch tests conducted included 400 mg/L of DMSO, 250 mg/L of MEA, and 120 mg/L of TMAH. For DMSO, specific DMSO degradation rates under aerobic and anoxic conditions were both lower than 4 mg DMSO/g VSS-hr. Under anaerobic conditions, the specific DMSO degradation rate was estimated to be 14 mg DMSO/g VSS-hr, which was much higher than those obtained under aerobic and anoxic conditions. The optimum specific MEA and TMAH degradation rates were obtained under aerobic conditions with values of 26.5 mg MEA/g VSS-hr and 17.3 mg TMAH/g VSS-hr, respectively. Compared to aerobic conditions, anaerobic biodegradation of MEA and TMAH was much less significant with values of 5.6 mg MEA/g VSS-hr and 0 mg TMAH/g VSS-hr, respectively. In summary, biological treatment of TFT-LCD wastewater containing DMSO, MEA, and TMAH is feasible, but appropriate conditions for optimum biodegradation of DMSO, MEA, and TMAH are crucial and require carefully operational consideration.
The interactome: Predicting the protein-protein interactions in cells
Authors: Plewczyński Dariusz , Ginalski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe term Interactome describes the set of all molecular interactions in cells, especially in the context of protein-protein interactions. These interactions are crucial for most cellular processes, so the full representation of the interaction repertoire is needed to understand the cell molecular machinery at the system biology level. In this short review, we compare various methods for predicting protein-protein interactions using sequence and structure information. The ultimate goal of those approaches is to present the complete methodology for the automatic selection of interaction partners using their amino acid sequences and/or three dimensional structures, if known. Apart from a description of each method, details of the software or web interface needed for high throughput prediction on the whole genome scale are also provided. The proposed validation of the theoretical methods using experimental data would be a better assessment of their accuracy.
31P MRS analysis of the phospholipid composition of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) of patients with acute leukemia (AL)
Authors: Kuliszkiewicz-Janus Małgorzata , Tuz Mariusz , Kiełbiński Marek , Jaźwiec Bożena , Niedoba Joanna , Baczyński Stanisław 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the phospholipid concentration in acute leukemia (AL) blast cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) and bone marrow (BMMC). In vitro 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P MRS) was used. The integral intensities of the resonant peaks and the phospholipid concentrations in PBMC and BMMC were analyzed. Differences in the phospholipid concentrations in cells from myeloblastic or lymphoblastic lines were also evaluated. This investigation was carried out on phospholipid extracts from PBMC and BMMC from 15 healthy volunteers and 77 patients with AL (samples taken at the moment of diagnosis). A significant decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphtidylserine (PS) was observed in the PBMC of patients with AL relative to the results for the healthy volunteers. For ALL, we found a significant decrease in the concentration of phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen (CPLAS), SM, PI+PE (phosphatidylinositol + phosphatidylethanolamine) and PS in comparison with the results for healthy volunteers and patients with AML. Experiments with BMMC cells revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of CPLAS, SM, PI+PE, and PS in ALL relative to AML. Additionally, a significant decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration was observed in ALL compared to AML. If the phospholipid extracts were taken simultaneously from the same patient, there were no significant differences in the integral intensities and phospholipid concentrations between PBMC and BMMC.
The interaction between L1-type proteins and ankyrins - a master switch for L1-type CAM function
Authors: Hortsch Michael , Nagaraj Kakanahalli , Godenschwege Tanja 
Published: October 2008

AbstractL1-type cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are important mediators of neural differentiation, including axonal outgrowth and pathfinding and also of synapse formation and maintenance. In addition, their interactions with cytoskeletal components are highly conserved and regulated. How these different aspects of CAM functionality relate to each other is not well understood. Based on results from our and other laboratories we propose that ankyrin-binding to L1-type CAMs provides a master switch. The interaction with ankyrins directs L1-type adhesive proteins into different functional contexts, either ankyrin-independent functions, such as neurite outgrowth and axonal pathfinding or into ankyrin-dependent functions, such as L1’s role at axon initial segments (AIS), paranodal regions, synapses and in dendrites.
The Banks Peninsula Forests and Akaroa Cocksfoot:Explaining a New Zealand Forest Transition
Authors: Wood Vaughan , Pawson Eric 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This paper traces the dynamic of a rapid transition from forest to grass on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand, from 1850 to 1900, as well as the subsequent partial transition back towards forest. At an early stage a symbiotic relationship emerged between forest clearance and pasture cropping for cocksfoot seed, wherein the success of the conversion in one locality aided and abetted similar conversions elsewhere. For fifty years, 'the seed that followed the sawmill' was the basis for an international trade in cocksfoot, turning a peripheral area into a key production hearth in the global grass seed trade. The local and international conditions that led to the demise of the industry after the First World War are explored, to assess why the cocksfoot industry proved little more sustainable than the Peninsula's timber industry had been. In turn, it made way for the regeneration of the forest which is increasingly evident today.
Environmental Failure, Success and Sustainable Development: The Hauraki Plains Wetlands Through Four Generations of New Zealanders
Authors: Hatvany Matthew 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
From 1875 to 1920 the floodplains of the Hauraki Plains, the largest wetland complex in New Zealand, were almost entirely transformed through logging of kahikatea, diking and canalising of rivers, and drainage of the land. One of the world's most biologically diverse landscapes, millennia in the making, and sustainably exploited for centuries by Maori, was transformed by Pakeha colonists (White newcomers) into a landscape dominated by grass. This environmental transformation is interpreted as a result of culture: a colonial people whose culture blinded them to other ways of interacting with wetlands. Taking a long-term approach following one family of Pakeha through four generations of interaction with the Hauraki Plains wetlands, this study argues that the environmental transformation that happened there was less a question of culture than of a specific time and place (context of civilisation). As contexts of civilisation changed, and as later generation Pakeha became New Zealand-born, their sense of place, and especially the understanding of their place within the environment, changed. Ironically, restoration of the wetlands and the future of sustainable development in places like the Hauraki Plains are dependent on the past, on people better understanding the environmental failures and successes of their ancestors, and that no people are axiomatically predisposed by culture to be environmental destructors.
Tree Planting in Canterbury, New Zealand, 1850-1910
Authors: Star Paul 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
One hundred and fifty years ago, T.H. Potts (1824-1888) tried to save the totara forests near Christchurch, and in Parliament he made conservation of native bush a national issue. At the same time, he sought the development of New Zealand through the introduction of exotics. Potts was among the first to suggest public plantations of exotic forest trees and he experimented on his estate with Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) and Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). As a member of the Canterbury Plantation Board from its foundation in 1879 until his death, he participated in a pioneering attempt to improve the environment through exotic afforestation. Starting with consideration of Potts's contribution, this paper looks at early experimentation with tree planting in Canterbury and its encouragement, which predated attempts elsewhere in New Zealand. It stresses the role of individuals like Potts through to T.W. Adams (1842-1919) and of initiatives at the provincial (Canterbury) level. These activities have tended to be underplayed or overlooked by those tracing the late nineteenth century record of central government's fitful involvement in forestry and tree planting.
Colonial Geographies of Settlement: Vegetation, Towns, Disease and Well-Being In Aotearoa/New Zealand, 1830s-1930s
Authors: Beattie James 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A fruitful new area of environmental history research can be undertaken on the relationship between plants and health in colonial societies. By using New Zealand as a case study, I demonstrate the strength of settler beliefs in the connections between existing environments, environmental transformation, and their own health. I attempt to reconnect the historiographies of medical and environmental history by arguing that urban settlements - as much as rural areas - were important sites for debates about environmental change and human health. I adopt a broad perspective in order to sketch out the contours of a new field, demonstrating the complicated connections between health, aesthetic appreciation, medicine and garden history. Furthermore, I argue that many environmental-health ideas associated with miasmic theories became incorporated into the microbial 'revolution' taking place from the late nineteenth century. Finally, I note that a close study of settler environmental-health ideas reveals a far more ambiguous - a far more anxious - history of European engagement with temperate colonies than the existing historiography on the topic posits. Rather than wholly confident and arrogant agents of environmental exploitation, it reveals that great anxieties about health existed side-by-side with confidence in the environmentally transformative potential of colonisation.
Preparation and properties of alkoxysilane/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer latices
Authors: Sun Zheng‐Guang , Fan De‐Qin , Huang Shi‐Qiang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe incorporation of alkoxysilanes into latex systems is of major interest in the field of colloidal science. Two kinds of vinyl‐containing alkoxysilanes, methacyloxypropyltrimethoxyl silane and vinyltriethoxysilane, were copolymerized with butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate by seeded emulsion polymerization, and copolymer latices were obtained. The morphologies of the latex particles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy. Dynamic light scattering showed that the particle size increased and the particle size distributions of all the copolymer latex particles were alike with increasing amounts of organosilane. The effects of the organosilane content on the morphology of the particles, the rheology, and the swelling properties were also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polypropylene/linear low‐density polyethylene blends: Morphology, crystal structure, optical, and mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Dou Qiang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe morphology, crystal structure, crystallization behavior, optical, and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blended with metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) and Ziegler–Natta linear low‐density polyethylene (zLLDPE), with and without nucleating agents, were investigated. The correlation between the structures and optical properties was investigated. The addition of linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPEs), nucleating agents, and poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (POE) had little influence on the crystal form of the iPP. The growth along the b axis was favorable in the presence of nucleating agents and LLDPEs. The LLDPEs led to much finer crystal morphologies, and the nucleating agents further prohibited spherulite formation; consequently, light scattering from the bulk crystalline structure was reduced. In all blends, biphase morphology was observed, and POE could improve the adhesion between the iPP and mLLDPE. After blending with LLDPEs, the haze and stiffness decreased, and the gloss increased. mLLDPE enhanced the toughness whereas zLLDPE had a slight influence on it. The nucleating agents decreased the haze, increased the gloss more, and ameliorated the stiffness; however, they changed the toughness little. POE increased the toughness of the blend significantly, accompanied by a much lower haze, higher gloss, and almost the same stiffness. When the concentration of 1,3 : 2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethyl‐benzylidene sorbitol) exceeded 0.25 wt %, the optical properties and mechanical properties leveled off. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Rheological behavior of pH‐responsive associating ionic polymers of diallyammonium salts and sulfur dioxide
Authors: Umar Yunusa , Ali Shaikh Asrof , Hussein Ibnelwaleed , Abu‐Sharkh Basel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, the viscoelastic behavior of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes obtained from the hydrolysis of cationic acid salts (CAS's) as a function of their zwitterion fraction (x) and anion fraction (z) was studied. The dynamic viscosity (η′) dependence on frequency of polymer solutions of polybetaine/anionic polyelectrolyte (APE) with various compositions of x and z in 0.1N NaCl showed typical shear thinning behavior. η′ of a solution of CAS 4 (M2‐4 (4 mol % hydrophobe)) attained a maximum value in the presence of 1.67 equiv of NaOH (corresponding to an x : z ratio of 33 : 67) and decreased with any further addition of NaOH. We suggest this maximum to be a result of a combined effect of coil expansion and hydrophobic association. The influence of the temperature and concentration on η′ of CAS 4 (M2‐4) treated with 1.67 equiv of NaOH was also investigated. The rheology of CAS 4 (M2‐4) samples treated with 1.67, 1.81, and 2.0 equiv of NaOH suggested a reversible network. However, for APE 7 (M2‐5 (5 mol % hydrophobe)), elastic behavior was dominant, and the formation of highly interconnected three‐dimensional networks was suggested. At lower x : z ratios, the effect of coil expansion due to a higher APE fraction was more than counterbalanced by the lower degree of intermolecular hydrophobic associations, whereas at higher x : z ratios, coil contraction became the predominant effect. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009