bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIBODY RESPONSES OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO. ENHANCING EFFECTS OF HYDROCORTISONE
Authors: Finlay Graeme J , Booth Roger J , Marbrook John 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCultures of human tonsillar lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen in the presence of hydrocortisone succinate generate more sheep red blood cell‐specific plaque‐forming cells than when the hydrocortisone is absent. Such enhancement is even more marked when sheep red blood cells and pokeweed mitogen are present in cultures this contrasts with the inability of sheep red blood cells to enhance pokeweed mitogen‐stimulated response in cultures lacking hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone causes greater enhancement when the concentration of cells in culture is high than when it is low. These data are consistent with hydrocortisone inhibiting the activity of suppressor cells which would otherwise mask helper effects.
THE EFFECT OF OESTROGEN ON SELECTIVE TRANSFER OF IgG1 INTO MAMMARY SECRETION OF EWES
Authors: Darton PJ , McDowell GH 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTwo separate experiment were conducted to examine the effects of exogenous oestrogen on selective transfer of IgG1 into mammary secretion of ewes. In one experiment, non‐pregnant ewes were induced to lactate artificially by first developing mammary glands with injections of progesterone plus low doses of oestrogen then triggering milk secretion with either glucocorticoid or high doses of oestrogen. In the other experiment, lactating ewes were injected with oestrogen each day for 6 days.The results of the experiments suggest that oestrogen affects selective transfer of IgG1 into mammary secretion of the ewe. Moreover, the results show that, in the absence of high levels of oestrogen in blood, the magnitude of the selective transfer of IgG1 into mammary secretion is related inversely to the synthetic activity of the glandular epithelium.
BITING PREVALENCE AND MALARIA TRANSMISSION PATTERNS IN THE ANOPHELES PUNCTULATUS COMPLEX (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Afifi Saad ED , Spencer Margaret , Hudson Paul B , Tavil Nathaniel W 
Published: November 2007

SummarySeasonal prevalence and malaria transmission patterns of Anopheles farauti, An. punctulatus and An. koliensis were studied in two coastal and two inland villages in the Madang district of northern Papua New Guinea. The monthly manbiting rates (average biting density of vector mosquitoes per man per night) were observed over a two‐year period to establish typical seasonal prevalence patterns. Observations on the frequency of feeding and the human blood index were combined to derive the manbiting habit. A daily survival rate was determined from the dissection of mosquito ovaries by Polovodova's age‐grading method. The extrinsic cycle in the mosquito was not observed, and the value for this parameter was extracted from the literature. All parameters were combined to estimate the monthly variations in vectorial capacity of each of the vector species, and the vectorial capacities of the individual species were added together to give a total monthly vectorial capacity of the punctulatus complex in each locality. The results showed that malaria transmission can be perennial, with a period of more intense transmission between August and January in the southern area, and between September and February in the northern. A period of very low transmission can be expected between February/March and July/August.
BABESIA BOVIS (ARGENTINA): ANALYSIS OF PARACOAGULATION PROTEINS IN ACUTELY INFECTED CATTLE
Authors: Goodger BV , Wright IG , Mahoney DF 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe proteins in plasma and serum from cattle infected with Babesia bovis that react with protamine sulphate and ethanol have been characterized. Their sizes and chain structures suggest they are intermediates in the conversion of fibrinogen to cross‐linked fibrin. In addition, comparison with reference proteins and in vitro systems strongly indicate the proteins are, in the main, the products of thrombin activation in vivo and not those of fibrinolysis.
BINDING OF REVERSE T3 TO HEPATIC NUCLEAR PROTEIN
Authors: Smith Howard C , Robinson Shirley E , Eastman Creswell J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe study was undertaken to examine the potential intrinsic biological activity of reverse T3 by comparing its binding to nuclear protein in vitro with that of other iodothyronines. Nuclear protein was extracted from normal pig liver using methods described for rat tissues. At 25° 30% of the added 125I rT3 was specifically bound to the nuclear protein. The order of potency in displacing 125I rT3 was rT3 > 3′, 5′T2 > T4 > T3 > 3,3′T2 > 3,5T2. This contrasted with the order of potency in displacing 125I T3 which was T3 > T4 > 3,3′T2 > 3,5T2 > rT3 > 3′, 5′T2. This difference in the hierarchy of iodothyronine binding is consistent with binding of these radioligands to different components of the nuclear protein extract.These experiments demonstrate separate binding components of nuclear protein for T3 and rT3 in a thryoid hormone responsive tissue and may be relevant to the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA USING RABBIT ANTISERA TO LEUKAEMIA CELLS AND LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL LINES
Authors: Pilkington GR , Lee GTH , O'Keefe D , Plain M , Wilson FC , Jose DG 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLeukaemic cells from seventeen untreated acute lymphocytic leukaemia (A.L.L.) patients have been typed at presentation with heteroantisera prepared in rabbits by complement mediated cytotoxicity. Reactivity with antisera has suggested a preliminary grouping of patients, in this study, into Null, pre‐T (post‐thymic T‐cell precursor) and T‐cell subtypes. The leukaemic cells have also been classified with the established markers, E‐rosette receptor, surface immunoglobulin and C3 receptor as well as total white cell count at presentation.Anti NALM‐1 (Null‐lymphoblastoid cell line) serum reacted with cells from all childhood A.L.L. patients tested but could be made specific for cALL antigen of the common Null form of A.L.L. by further absorption or dilution. Antisera to membrane fractions from cells of high white cell count Null‐A.L.L. patients reacted with cells of these patients as well as T‐A.L.L. patients. Anti MOLT‐4 (adult T‐A.L.L. derived lymphoblastoid cell line) serum reacted only with cells of T‐A.L.L. patients.
ENDONUCLEASE FINGERPRINTING OF PLASMIDS MEDIATING GENTAMICIN RESISTANCE IN AN OUTBREAK OF HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Davey R Brent , Pittard James 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThree plasmids which each determined the same extensive antibiotic resistance phenotype, including resistance to gentamicin, and which had been recovered from organisms involved in an outbreak of gentamicin‐resistant infections in Melbourne hospitals in 1975–1976, were analysed by fingerprinting with the restriction endonucleases Eco RI, Hind III and Pst I. In each case the fingerprints for all three plasmids were identical, despite the tact that each plasmid originated in a different host species at different hospitals. This observation confirms our earlier hypothesis (Davey and Pittard, 1977) that the plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance in the outbreak were the closely related descendants of one ancestral(IncL) plasmid.
TOWARDS PREDICTION AND SURVEILLANCE OF MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS ACTIVITY IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Kay BH 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCurrent practices for early warning of activity of Murray Valley encephalitis and other medically‐important arboviruses are reviewed with view to improvement. Data From previous papers on Culex annulirostris populations, environmental factors and virus infection rates were reanalysed and the results considered as a basis for prediction and surveillance. This goal will only be achieved with improved national cooperation, a better epidemiological understanding and greater knowledge of the bionomics of the major vector, Culex annuliroslris. The improved monitoring system will utilize meteorological, serological and entomological criteria.
THE ZIO‐REACTIVE SITES IN THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES OF THE RAT
Authors: Loesch A 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe extraocular muscles of the rat were investigated by means of the zinc‐iodide‐osmium (ZIO) impregnation technique. It has been disclosed that the ZIO reaction product has the ability to impregnate synaptic vesicles of the motor axons. Within the muscle fibres ZIO impregnation has concerned mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, small sarcoplasmic vesicles, some dense bodies and, sporadically, terminal cisterns (diads) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Although it would be difficult to indicate any chemical substances in the muscles which would be directly involved in the ZIO reaction, the problem of specificity of the method is discussed.
NORMAL AND CAESARIAN SECTION DELIVERY AND THE INITIATION OF LACTATION IN WOMEN
Authors: Kulski JK , Smith Margaret , Hartmann PE 
Published: November 2007

SummaryStudies were undertaken to determine the effects of Caesarean section and normal delivery on the timing of milk ‘coming in’ and the changes in milk composition during the first 7 days post‐partum. The time interval between delivery and milk ‘coming in’ was determined in a group of 107 women who delivered normally and 57 women who delivered by Caesarean section. Progressive changes in the concentration of lactose, glucose, total protein, casein, fat, α‐lactalbumin, lactorferrin, albumin, sodium, chloride, potassium, IgA, IgG and IgM were measured in small samples of milk (0·5 ‐ 3·0 ml) expressed from 11 women who delivered normally and 8 women who delivered by Caesarean section.The time interval between delivery and milk ‘coming in’ in women who delivered normally and those who delivered by Caesarean section was 59 ± 16·3 h and 63·6 ± 24·2 h (mean ± SD). respectively. The concentration of lactose and potassium increased by approximately 100% and 50%, respectively, from the low values between 0 and 30 h, to normal milk values by 5 days after delivery In both groups of women, whereas the concentration of total protein, α‐lactalbumin, lactoferrin, albumin, sodium, chloride. IgA, IgG and IgM decreased to approximately 28%, 85%, 71%, 26%, 36%, 47%, 7%. 13% and 12%, respectively, of the day I values by 5 days of lactation in both groups of women.The method of delivery made no significant (P > 0.05) difference to the timing of either milk ‘coming in’ or the changes in the concentration of milk constituents in the mammary secretion during the first 7 days post‐partum.
SPECIFIC AND NON‐SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Aaskov JG , Fraser JRE , Dalglish Debra A 
Published: November 2007

SummaryT‐lymphocytes from epidemic polyarthritis patients exhibited a virus specific proliferative response when exposed to Ross River virus in vitro. The magnitude of this response was greater than that of lymphocytes from asymptomatic seropositive donors. The natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes from these patients was depressed early in disease but returned to normal levels as the severity of the symptoms decreased. Although no in vivo role can yet be assigned to natural killer cells in epidemic polyarthritis, changes in their activity appeared to be more closely associated with the presence or absence of disease symptoms than were levels of anti‐viral antibody or the ability of T‐lymphocytes from peripheral blood to proliferate on re‐exposure to Ross River virus.
Noninvasive multidetector computed tomography enterography in patients with small-bowel crohn's disease: is a 40-second delay better than 70 seconds?
Authors: Vandenbroucke F. , Mortelé K. J. , Tatli S. , Pelsser V. , Erturk S. M. , de Mey J. , Silverman S. G. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) enterography combines neutral enteric contrast with intravenously administered contrast material. The optimal intravenous (IV) contrast material protocol has still not been established. Purpose: To determine the optimal delay time to image patients with small-bowel Crohn's disease during MDCT enterography. Material and Methods: After oral administration of 1350 ml of neutral contrast medium, 26 patients with small-bowel Crohn's disease underwent MDCT enterography; scans were obtained 40 s (enteric phase) and 70 s (parenchymal phase) after IV administration of 100 ml of iodinated contrast material. Three radiologists, blinded to clinical and pathological findings, independently and retrospectively evaluated each scan in two separate reading sessions for the presence or absence of CT features of Crohn's disease activity. The interobserver agreement was evaluated, and the efficacy of each phase in detecting active disease in the terminal ileum for each reader was determined. The gold standard was pathology ( n = 13), endoscopy ( n = 3), and clinical evaluation ( n = 10). Results: No statistically significant difference was present between the enteric and the parenchymal phase for each reader in each segment regarding the presence or absence of CT features of Crohn's disease. The interobserver agreement for the presence of five main features of active Crohn's disease in the terminal ileum ranged from poor to excellent. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy for active Crohn's disease in the terminal ileum ranged from 40 to 90%, 88 to 100%, 70 to 94%, 44 to 100%, and 69 to 96%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two phases for each reader. Conclusion: MDCT enterography in patients with suspected active Crohn's disease can be obtained at either 40 s or 70 s after IV contrast material.
Host specificity of ambrosia and bark beetles (Col., Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in a New Guinea rainforest
Authors: HULCR JIRI , MOGIA MARTIN , ISUA BRUS , NOVOTNY VOJTECH 
Published: November 2007

Abstract 1. Bark and ambrosia beetles are crucial for woody biomass decomposition in tropical forests worldwide. Despite that, quantitative data on their host specificity are scarce.2. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae and Platypodinae) were reared from 13 species of tropical trees representing 11 families from all major lineages of dicotyledonous plants. Standardised samples of beetle‐infested twigs, branches, trunks, and roots were taken from three individuals of each tree species growing in a lowland tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea.3. A total of 81 742 beetles from 74 species were reared, 67 of them identified. Local species richness of bark and ambrosia beetles was estimated at 80–92 species.4. Ambrosia beetles were broad generalists as 95% of species did not show any preference for a particular host species or clade. Similarity of ambrosia beetle communities from different tree species was not correlated with phylogenetic distances between tree species. Similarity of ambrosia beetle communities from individual conspecific trees was not higher than that from heterospecific trees and different parts of the trees hosted similar ambrosia beetle communities, as only a few species preferred particular tree parts.5. In contrast, phloeophagous bark beetles showed strict specificity to host plant genus or family. However, this guild was poor in species (12 species) and restricted to only three plant families (Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Sapindaceae).6. Local diversity of both bark and ambrosia beetles is not driven by the local diversity of trees in tropical forests, since ambrosia beetles display no host specificity and bark beetles are species poor and restricted to a few plant families.
Detecting the impact of oceano‐climatic changes on marine ecosystems using a multivariate index: The case of the Bay of Biscay (North Atlantic‐European Ocean)
Authors: HEMERY GEORGES , D'AMICO FRANK , CASTEGE IKER , DUPONT BERNARD , D'ELBEE JEAN , LALANNE YANN , MOUCHES CLAUDE 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLarge‐scale univariate climate indices (such as NAO) are thought to outperform local weather variables in the explanation of trends in animal numbers but are not always suitable to describe regional scale patterns. We advocate the use of a Multivariate Oceanic and Climatic index (MOCI), derived from ‘synthetic’ and independent variables from a linear combination of the total initial variables objectively obtained from Principal Component Analysis. We test the efficacy of the index using long‐term data from marine animal populations. The study area is the southern half of the Bay of Biscay (43°–47°N; western Europe). Between 1974 and 2000 we monitored cetaceans and seabirds along 131000 standardized line transects from ships. Fish abundance was derived from commercial fishery landings. We used 44 initial variables describing the oceanic and atmospheric conditions and characterizing the four annual seasons in the Bay of Biscay. The first principal component of our MOCI is called the South Biscay Climate (SBC) index. The winter NAO index was correlated to this SBC index. Inter‐annual fluctuations for most seabird, cetacean and fish populations were significant. Boreal species (e.g. gadiformes fish species, European storm petrel and Razorbill …) with affinities to cold temperate waters declined significantly over time while two (Puffin and Killer Whale) totally disappeared from the area during the study period. Meridional species with affinities to hotter waters increased in population size. Those medium‐term demographic trends may reveal a regime shift for this part of the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the specific observed trends were highly correlated to the SBC index and not to the NAO. Between 40% and 60% of temporal variations in species abundance were explained by the multivariate SBC index suggesting that the whole marine ecosystem is strongly affected by a limited number of physical parameters revealed by the multivariate SBC index. Aside the statistical error of the field measurements, the remaining variation unexplained by the physical characteristics of the environment correspond to the impact of anthropogenic activities such overfishing and oil‐spills.
Optimisation of hard pretzel production
Authors: Yao Ni , Floros John D. , Seetharaman Koushik 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAbsence of a thorough understanding of the baking conditions on hard pretzel quality has resulted in considerable loss of production and on productivity. Baking time, oven zone 1 temperature, drying time and kiln drying temperature were identified as important factors affecting pretzel quality in modern pretzel production, from a total of eleven factors following a screening experiment design. A central composite circumscribe design was then employed to optimise these four variables. The test for lack of fit was not significant (P < 0.05) for the responses, except for colour a* values. The analysis of variance of the responses indicated that models explained 99%, 91% and 87% variability for moisture content, ΔEab and pasting time, respectively. The four variables were optimised when pretzel moisture content, ΔEab and pasting time were considered simultaneously using desirability function approach. Validation experiment results revealed that the two most important qualities of pretzel, moisture content and ΔEab could be reliably predicted.
Modelling microbial growth in meat broth with added lactic acid under refrigerated storage
Authors: Cardenas Fernanda C. , Giannuzzi Leda , Zaritzky Noemí E. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLactic acid is a classical preservative in meat industry and it is used with high efficiency on sanitization of meat surfaces. This work analyses the effect of temperature and added lactic acid on the growth of different beef muscle‐isolated bacteria: Pseudomonas sp. and two enterobacteria identified as Klebsiella sp. and Escherichia coli, in a liquid model system. Inoculation levels between 104 and 106 CFU mL−1 in a culture medium of meat extract broth at 2% were studied, with addition of lactic acid in concentrations of 0.29, 0.39 and 0.58 m, which allowed to reach pH values of 6.1, 5.8 and 5.6 respectively. Culture media inoculated with each micro‐organism were incubated at three temperatures: 0, 4 and 10 °C in aerobiosis; bacterial counts as a function of time were mathematically modelled by applying Gompertz equation. Derived parameters: lag phase (LPD), specific growth rate (μ) and maximum population density were calculated. When the observed effect was bacteriostactic a linear regression was used. Results were compared with a meat extract broth control at pH = 7. At 10 °C added lactic acid produced a higher variation in μ values for Klebsiella sp. and E. coli, whereas LPD values were modified between six and three times for each micro‐organism. The highest LPD values were observed for E. coli, followed by Pseudomonas and finally by Klebsiella. LPD values for E. coli at 0 °C ranged between 40 and 50 days, whereas at 10 °C they varied between 3 and 6.5 days. Escherichia coli did not grow at 0 °C, except when the control system was at pH 7. The effect of temperature on μ values was modelled through an Arrhenius type equation and the corresponding activation energies were determined; μ and LPD values were correlated with the undissociated acid concentration for the three tested temperatures.
Effect of malt pretreatment on HCl extractability of calcium, phosphorus and iron of sorghum (Sorghum biocolor) cultivars
Authors: Idris Wisal H. , Abdel Rahaman Samia M. , ElMaki Hagir B. , Babiker Elfadil E. , El Tinay Abdullahi H. 
Published: November 2007

SummarySorghum grains of cultivars Wad Ahmed and Tabat were germinated for 4 days to obtain 1‐, 2‐ and 4‐day‐old malts. Sorghum malt was added at a concentration of 5% and 10% to ground whole sorghum flour. Malting was found to have no effect on minerals content. However, soaking of the seeds prior germination was slightly decreased minerals content. HCl extractability (an index of bioavailability) of Ca, P and Fe was investigated. HCl‐extractable Ca, P and Fe of raw ground whole sorghum flour of WadAhmed cultivar were found to be 32.5%, 42.5% and 3.8%, while for Tabat were 35.7%, 44.4% and 5.7%, respectively. Malt pretreatment of the flour significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved minerals extractability with an increase in malt concentration and incubation period. Incubation of 10%, 4‐day‐old malt with ground whole sorghum flour for 120 min was found to improve HCl extractability of Ca to 103%, P to 104% and Fe to 23% for WadAhmed cultivar, while for Tabat were improved to 102%, 86% and 26%, respectively.
Irradiated herbs and spices detection: light‐induced fading of the photo‐stimulated luminescence response
Authors: Bortolin Emanuela , Boniglia Concetta , Calicchia Arcangelo , Alberti Angelo , Fuochi Piergiorgio , Onori Sandro 
Published: November 2007

SummaryReliability of the photo‐stimulated luminescence (PSL) technique, both as screening and identification methods, has been tested with several kinds of irradiated herbs and spices over a long period of storage. To check the influence of storage modality on the PSL response, the samples were divided into groups kept in environments with different light exposure. The results clearly indicate a marked light‐induced bleaching of the PSL signal, which may lead to a false negative classification, in a significant percentage, for spices stored in typical market conditions. To limit the occurrence of wrong classifications, the suggestion reported in the European Committee of Normalization Standard 13751 to draw the necessary amount of product from a light‐protected position becomes mandatory. Thermoluminescence measurements, performed for comparison purposes, gave correct results for all the samples tested.