bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of home management of diarrhea among under-five children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abate Biruk Beletew , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Wondimagegn Addis , Abebe Gebremeskel Kibret , Araya Freweyni Gebreegziabher , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Bizuayehu Molla Azmeraw 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Diarrhea is particularly prevalent in low-income or marginalized populations because these groups have less access to clean water sources, hygienic conditions, and healthcare. Dehydration due to electrolyte and fluid loss is the main cause of deaths associated with diarrhea. An especially important factor in this death from dehydration is the caregivers’ knowledge, attitude, and diarrhea management techniques. While a number of research have been done on managing diarrhea at home, the results tend not to be consistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled estimate of knowledge, attitude and practice of home-based management of diarrhea in East Africa.

Methods
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was used to search articles from electronic databases (Cochrane library, Ovid platform (Medline, Embase, and Emcare), Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, and institutional repositories in East Africa countries. The last search date was on 01/06/ 2023 Gregorian Calendar. The authors extracted year of publication, country, study design, knowledge level, attitude level and practice level of home-based management of diarrhea. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of knowledge, attitude and practice of home-based management of diarrhea. Subgroup analysis was done by country, and sample size. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also done.

Results
A total of 19 articles with (n = 7470 participants) were included for the final analysis. From the random-effects model analysis, the pooled prevalence of good practice, good knowledge and favorable attitude towards home based management of diarrhea in East Africa was found to be 52.62% (95% CI: 45.32%, 59.92%) (95% CI: I2 = 78.3%; p < 0.001), 37.44% (95% CI: 26.99%, 47.89%) (95% CI: I2 = 89.2%; p < 0.001) and 63.05% (95% CI: 35.7%, 90.41%) (95% CI: I2 = 97.8%; p < 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion and recommendations
The level of good knowledge, attitude and practice of home based management of diarrhea in East Africa is found to be low. A collaborative effort from different stakeholders to enhance the knowledge, attitude and practice is needed to tackle the burden of diarrhea and its consequences.
Sublethal thermal stress promotes migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Kuo Chi-Yu , Tsai Chung-Hsin , Wu Jun Kui , Cheng Shih-Ping 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Radiofrequency ablation is a viable option in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. Some reports suggest that thermal ablation may also be safe for the management of low-risk thyroid cancer. In this study, we applied transient heat treatment to thyroid cancer cells to mimic clinical scenarios in which insufficient ablation leads to incomplete eradication of thyroid cancer.

Methods
Differentiated thyroid cancer cell lines B-CPAP, TPC-1, and FTC-133 were subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures for 10 min. Effects on cell growth, clonogenicity, wound healing assay, and Transwell invasion were determined.

Results
Heat treatment at 45°C or higher reduced cell growth, whereas viability of thyroid cancer cells was not changed after heat treatment at 37, 40, or 42°C. Heat treatment at 40°C increased the number of colony formations by 16% to 39%. Additionally, transient heat treatment at 40°C resulted in a 1.75-fold to 2.56-fold higher migratory activity than treatment at 37°C. Invasive capacity was increased after heat treatment, ranging from 115% to 126%. Expression of several epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, including ZEB1, N-cadherin, and MMP2, was upregulated following heat treatment at 40°C.

Conclusion
We for the first time demonstrate that sublethal thermal stress may increase clonogenicity, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells.
Racial Feeling-With, White Acknowledgement, and Rhetorical Quiet within the National Memorial for Peace and Justice
Authors: Aden Roger C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama, commemorates victims of lynching in a three-part experience featuring 800 coffin-size monuments that appear to be suspended in the air. While providing a space for Black grieving, the memorial's design also creates an experience that invites white Americans to feel-with Black grief-yet-hope. This felt experience may produce discomfort for white visitors, as well as white acknowledgement of generations of white supremacist violence against Black Americans. Such an experience is possible because the memorial generates rhetorical quiet or the creative, artful, and public expression of interiority—an attempt to share that which is deeply felt but which often eludes efforts to be adequately communicated through traditional rhetorical/verbal forms.
“The Angel of Sarbandan”: Ford Foundation Philanthropy, Transnational Development Rhetoric, and the Scalar Geopolitics of 1950s Iran
Authors: Barney Timothy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 1954, the Ford Foundation, new to international grant-giving, administered a small grant to a U.S.-educated Tehran native, Najmeh Najafi, to begin a development program for “village women” in rural Iran. Development was fast becoming a central transnational discourse of the post-war decolonization period and the early Cold War, and Najafi appears as a unique contributor to this discourse, as investment in women and women's programs would not become commonplace in international philanthropy until the early 1970s. But rather than a mere footnote, Najafi's case represents an important example of Ford's surveillance and increasingly “projectized” approach to development processes in strategic areas of the world, even as Najafi evaded Ford's attempts to make her “legible” in their global philanthropic system. This essay offers a rhetorical history of Najafi's negotiations with Ford and the tensions that arose between them around the binaries of North/South, East/West, developed/developing, and masculine/feminine. Using a lens of “scalar geopolitics” to emphasizes linkages between the local, national, and global, the article mines both Najafi's memoirs and Ford's grant archives in order to reflect on the complex ways development and philanthropy were framed and constituted during a tumultuous era in Iran and beyond.
Rugged Individualism Revisited: Herbert Hoover's Adaptation of Individualism in the 1928 Election
Authors: Johnson Brandon M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With Trump's election in 2016 prompting us to reflect on what qualifies one to the U.S. presidency, I turn to the 1928 election to consider the only other candidate who became president without having held elected office or a military position: Herbert Hoover. I argue that Hoover was able to establish his presidential qualifications by articulating a vision of “rugged individualism” as an American value, one that was not linked to traditional political experience but instead to a distinctively American character that combined past myths of the frontier and the “self-made man.” In so doing, Hoover adapted “individualism” into a “rugged individualism” connected to twentieth-century conservative economic policies. Through this discourse, Hoover was able to establish himself as the heir to previous Republican presidents while pushing the boundaries of presidential qualifications and the use of individualism as a rhetorical appeal. Beyond providing the first article-length critique of Hoover's 1928 campaign, my analysis adds to the scholarship on the use of rugged individualism as a rhetorical appeal, one that foreshadows the Republican response to the Great Depression and later conservative economic rhetoric.
Gradient estimates for a class of higher-order elliptic equations of p-growth over a nonsmooth domain
Authors: Tian Hong , Zheng Shenzhou 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article is devoted to a global Calderón-Zygmund estimate in the framework of Lorentz spaces for the

m

m

-order gradients of weak solution to a higher-order elliptic equation with

p

p

-growth. We prove the main result based on a proper power decay estimation of the upper-level set by the principle of layer cake representation for the

L

γ
,
q

{L}^{\gamma ,q}

-estimate of

D

m

u

{D}^{m}u

, while the coefficient satisfies a small BMO semi-norm and the boundary of underlying domain is flat in the sense of Reifenberg. In particular, a tricky ingredient is to establish the normal component of higher derivatives controlled by the horizontal component of higher derivatives of solutions in the neighborhood at any boundary point, which is achieved by comparing the solution under consideration with that for some reference problems.
Technology Integration in Teacher Education Practices in Two Southern African Universities
Authors: Schlebusch Gawie , Bhebhe Sithulisiwe , Schlebusch Luzaan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The integration of digital technology into the practices of teacher education is expected to become the norm in the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. This study sought to determine how lecturers integrate technology into teacher education in two Southern African universities (one in South Africa and one in the Kingdom of Eswatini). In this study, a multiple case study design was utilised, employing a qualitative research approach within an interpretive research paradigm. The study occurred at the two universities as mentioned earlier, conveniently chosen as they were the workplaces of the researchers. Data collection involved an open-ended questionnaire completed by lecturers, and a focus group discussion consisted of purposively selected lecturers from both institutions. Thematic analysis was applied to examine the data gathered from study participants. The findings indicated that initially, lecturers from both universities had limited digital literacy as they were in the process of transitioning from traditional face-to-face teaching methods and required guidance on integrating technology into their instructional practices. The study concludes that the availability of digital tools, software, and the Internet will not automatically equip student teachers with the required competencies to include technology into their instructional methods.
A cross-cultural perspective on the comprehension of novel and conventional idiomatic expressions
Authors: Pavlina Svetlana Yu. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper examines factors that affect the comprehension of novel and conventional idiomatic expressions by second language students of English. Using the Conventional Figurative Language Theory (CFLT), the study explores how the understanding of novel and conventional idioms differs and how it is affected by context. I find that novel idioms tend to be easier to comprehend than conventional idioms and interpret this effect through the role of digital media in the creation and dissemination of new phraseological coinages. However, I also observe that while the understanding of conventional idioms is enhanced by context, the role of context in the comprehension of novel idioms is not pronounced. I conclude by discussing the strategies that facilitate the comprehension of both novel and conventional idioms such as the analysis of mental imagery associated with their literal meanings, reliance on background knowledge, and attention to the motivation of an idiomatic expression.
Putting “Duty” Back on Track
Authors: Keating Gregory C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Brown v. USA Taekwondo grapples with the problems that have dogged California law governing the determination of duty in negligence for more than fifty years now. The great California duty decisions of the late 1960s—Rowland v. Christian and Dillon v. Legg—were the bookends to an age of American tort law inaugurated by MacPherson v. Buick and Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad. MacPherson and Palsgraf altered both the internal structure of negligence law and tort law’s relation to contract and property by making reasonable foreseeability of harm the master principle of responsibility in tort. Rowland and Dillon brought the age of reasonable foreseeability to a close. As their implications unfolded over time, we learned that making reasonable foreseeability of harm the fundamental test for both the existence of obligation and the extent of liability imposes more responsibility than we can bear. Reaching the limits of reasonable foreseeability as the master principle of duty doctrine left courts hard-pressed to say when fundamental responsibilities of care should be expanded and when they should be contracted. Ever since, California courts have been muddling their way through duty cases. They have been uncertain both about when an actor bears some responsibility for reducing a risk or mitigating a harm and about how they should go about making such determinations. USA Taekwondo’s efforts to recast Rowland’s laundry list of relevant factors as a two-step test shows us how we might begin to bring our own age of confusion to a close.
„Mykenische Kultur“ – zur Geschichte des Konzepts „mykenische Kultur“ im 19. Jahrhundert und zum „Cultur“- und „Civilisations“-Begriff in den Buchpublikationen Heinrich Schliemanns
Authors: Mühlenbruch Tobias 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Auf der Basis der in diesem Beitrag ausgewerteten Schriften des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden „mykenische“ Befunde und Funde erstmals von H. Schliemann 1878 mit dem Konzept „Civilisation“ und anschließend, 1879, von einerseits A. Furtwängler und G. Loeschcke sowie andererseits F. Lenormant mit einer spezifischen „Cultur“ bzw. „Civilisation“ verbunden. A. Milchhöfer führte 1883 den Begriff „mykenische Cultur“ ein, den Schliemann erst in seinem letzten Grabungsbericht zu Troja, 1891 erschienen, verwendete. Bereits vorher, 1886, hatten Furtwängler und Loeschcke von einem „mykenischen Culturkreis“ und „Mykenischen Kreis“ geschrieben und zudem von einem „mykenischen Reich“. Schliemann hatte im selben Jahr in seinem Grabungsbericht zu Tiryns noch die Formulierung der „tirynthischen und mykenischen Civilisation“ gebraucht.
In den hier betrachteten archäologischen Werken wurden die Begriffe „Cultur“ und „Civilisation“ nicht ausdrücklich definiert. Hinsichtlich der Verwendung der Begriffe „Cultur“ und „Civilisation“ sowohl bei Schliemann als auch bei seinen Kollegen, die Beiträge zu seinen Büchern beisteuerten oder die er zitierte, fällt auf, dass beide Termini offenbar zumindest weitgehend synonym verstanden wurden. Eine Bewertung der „Höhe“ von „Cultur“ bzw. „Civilisation“ findet sich in Passagen von Schliemann und seinen Kollegen und jeweils sind evolutionistische Vorstellungen nachzuweisen.
Research on the strength prediction for pervious concrete based on design porosity and water-to-cement ratio
Authors: Zhao Pingzhong , Liu Xiaoyan , Zuo Junqing , Huangfu Huang , Liu Ruidan , Xie Xian , Wang Xinyu , Li Tianyu , Liu Dazhi , Shah Surendra P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The strength prediction of pervious concrete is hard to implement for the mix design due to the porous structure. This work studied the influence of the water-to-cement ratio on the fluidity, viscosity, and mechanical properties of cement paste. Then, the porosity, permeability, and compressive strength of the pervious concrete with various porosities were investigated, and the test results were fitted and analyzed. The result indicates that as the water-to-cement ratio increases, the viscosity of the cement paste reduces and the fluidity increases. The water-to-cement ratio has a negative linear relationship with net slurry strength. The porosity and permeability of pervious concrete fluctuate in accordance with the same rule as the water-to-cement ratio changes. The compressive strength of pervious concrete with varying design porosities increases initially, then declines as the water-to-cement ratio rises. According to the linear fitting analysis, when the water-to-cement ratio is constant, the permeability and compressive strength of pervious concrete have a positive and negative linear relationship with the design porosity, respectively. By analyzing the fitting results and combining the volume method of pervious concrete, a calculation method for mix proportion design is proposed to predict the strength of pervious concrete.
Functional connectivity in ADHD children doing Go/No-Go tasks: An fMRI systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Sihyong J. , Tanglay Onur , Chong Elizabeth H. N. , Young Isabella M. , Fonseka Rannulu D. , Taylor Hugh , Nicholas Peter , Doyen Stephane , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed in childhood. Two common features of ADHD are impaired behavioural inhibition and sustained attention. The Go/No-Go experimental paradigm with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning has previously revealed important neurobiological correlates of ADHD such as the supplementary motor area and the prefrontal cortex. The coordinate-based meta-analysis combined with quantitative techniques, such as activation likelihood estimate (ALE) generation, provides an unbiased and objective method of summarising these data to understand the brain network architecture and connectivity in ADHD children. Go/No-Go task-based fMRI studies involving children and adolescent subjects were selected. Coordinates indicating foci of activation were collected to generate ALEs using threshold values (voxel-level: p < 0.001; cluster-level: p < 0.05). ALEs were matched to one of seven canonical brain networks based on the cortical parcellation scheme derived from the Human Connectome Project. Fourteen studies involving 457 children met the eligibility criteria. No significant convergence of Go/No-Go related brain activation was found for ADHD groups. Three significant ALE clusters were detected for brain activation relating to controls or ADHD < controls. Significant clusters were related to specific areas of the default mode network (DMN). Network-based analysis revealed less extensive DMN, dorsal attention network, and limbic network activation in ADHD children compared to controls. The presence of significant ALE clusters may be due to reduced homogeneity in the selected sample demographic and experimental paradigm. Further investigations regarding hemispheric asymmetry in ADHD subjects would be beneficial.
DyIrSn and the Lu3Co2In4-type stannides Sm3Rh2Sn4 and RE
3Ir2Sn4 (RE = Y, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu)
Authors: Schumacher Lars , Koldemir Aylin , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Lu3Co2In4-type stannides RE
3Ir2Sn4 (RE = Y, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu) were synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing sequences in sealed silica ampoules. For a more comprehensive phase analytical study, the isotypic stannide Sm3Rh2Sn4 and the ZrNiAl-type stannides DyIrSn and LT-YIrSn were also obtained. The polycrystalline samples were characterized through their X-ray powder patterns. The structures of DyIrSn and Gd3Ir2.63(2)Sn3.37(2) (ZrNiAl type, space group P6‾2m), Sm3Ir2.52(2)Sn3.48(1), Gd3Ir2.49(1)Sn3.51(1) and Tm3Ir2.20(3)Sn3.80(3) (Lu3Co2In4 type, space group P6‾) were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data, revealing residual Ir/Sn disorder in the low-symmetry variants. The RE
3Ir2Sn4 stannides are derived from the equiatomic stannides REIrSn (≍RE
3Rh3Sn3) by partial Ir/Sn substitution. The symmetry reduction from space group P6‾2m to P6‾ is forced by the Ir/Sn ordering within the RE
6 trigonal prisms. The new Sn2 position shows the rare motif of a trigonal planar tin coordination with 289 pm Sn2–Sn1 distances (data for Gd3Ir2.49(1)Sn3.51(1)). 119Sn Mössbauer spectra confirm the two crystallographically independent tin sites in Tm3Ir2Sn4 and the structural disorder in Gd3Ir2Sn4.
Estimation on magnetic entropy change and specific heat capacity through phoenomological model for Heusler melt spun ribbon of Ni47Mn40−x
Si
x
In3 (x = 1, 2 and 3)
Authors: Kavu Kulathuraan , Sankaran Esakki Muthu , Kaliamurthy Ashok Kumar , Hasan Imran , Sahadevan Jhelai , Vignesh Shanmugam , Suganthi Sanjeevamuthu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this, we report the temperature-dependent magnetization [M(T)] in two distinct magnetic fields of 0.5 T and 5 T for Ni47Mn40−x
Si
x
In3 (x = 1, 2, and 3) alloys. Using a phenomenological model and Maxwell’s thermodynamic relation, the values of the magnetic entropy change and specific heat capacity are calculated, and their values are also compared. The maximum magnetic entropy change and specific heat capacity peak values for different magnetic fields are both steadily reduced for the samples with x = 1 to 3 samples, which is followed by an increase in relative cooling power value. In comparison to 0.5 T magnetic field, the samples investigate the highest values of magnetic entropy change (3.32, 2.81, 2.01 J kg−1 K−1) and specific heat capacity (32.37, 14, 4.32 J kg−1 K−1) with a magnetic field of 5 T. According to this finding, the sample is more responsible for the magnetic field than chemical pressure.
Newborn Screening and Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Wade-Vallance Adam 
Published: February 2024

Canadian newborn screening (NBS) programs aresuccessful in improving the prognosis of many affectedneonates with early-onset disorders by enabling rapiddiagnosis and treatment. However, many problems still existwith NBS programs including inconsistent coverage acrossprovinces or territories, gaps in disease screening, andvariable testing methodologies. Whole-genome sequencing(WGS) represents an increasingly cost-effective means ofscreening all genetic conditions with a single primary assay.Many benefits of WGS have been cited, including the ability to determine the exact causative mutation of a condition which could enable targeted therapy. Despite this, WGS in NBS carries serious ethical ramifications pertaining to disclosure of results, storage of data, and future development in NBS programs. Due to these factors, we are as-of-yet unprepared to incorporate WGS into Canadian NBS programs.
MedBulletin
Authors: Meducator The , Amir Takhliq , Yu James 
Published: February 2024

MedBulletins are hand-picked, at-a-glance summaries of current news and hot topics in Health, Medicine, and Biomedical Research. The aim is to keep readers up-to-date with the latest issues and breakthroughs within these diverse fields. MedBulletins are selected and written by Meducator staff on a regular basis.
À beira do rio e à margem da história: (re)ocupando espaços através da etnoeducação patrimonial e da reexistência de uma comunidade quilombola no Guaporé afro-amazônico
Authors: Cardoso de Mello Louise 
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta a segunda fase da iniciativa de etnoeducação patrimonial. Por um Museu do Forte Vivo desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto de arqueologia comunitária junto aos discentes quilombolas do Forte Príncipe da Beira (Costa Marques/RO) com a retomada do ensino presencial. Após receber o reconhecimento do IPHAN mediante o Prêmio Luiz de Castro Faria 2022, o projeto tem agora a oportunidade de testar algumas das lições aprendidas em tempos pós-pandêmicos. Os resultados dessa abordagem metodológica são problematizados no marco conceitual da Arqueologia da Reexistência e no contexto mais amplo dos Estudos Afro-Latino-Americanos, inserindo-se no debate acerca da multivocalidade/plurivocalidade nos processos de patrimonialização e disputa de memórias.