bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual characteristics, child‐mother and child‐younger sibling interactions of 4‐year‐olds
Authors: Hinde Robert A. , Tamplin Alison , Barrett Jane 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the relations between the individual characteristics (Temperament, Locus of Control, Self‐concept) of 4‐year‐olds, child‐mother and child‐sibling interactions. The temperamental characteristics Active and Moody, and the Self‐concept categories Worrying/Cross and Likes to be Alone, had generally similar relations to child‐mother and child‐sibling interactions, but the other characteristics did not. The relations between child‐mother and child‐sibling interactions did not support either the hypothesis that a ‘good ’ child‐mother relationship leads to ‘good ’ interactions with a sibling, or that firstborns compensate for a ‘poor ’ child‐mother relationship with a ‘good ’ sibling one. The relations were more complex than either of these hypotheses would suggest, but made intuitive sense.
Early child rearing in Japan: Cross‐cultural and intra‐cultural perspectives
Authors: Barratt Marguerite Stevenson 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWithin the field of cross‐cultural developmental psychology, examinations of parenting serve to focus attention on development in the proximal context of the family and the distal context of the culture. Even though Japan is economically in the mainstream of the industrialized Western world, there are many cultural differences between Japan and Western countries; these include differences in cultural values, beliefs about children, parental behaviours and differences in the children themselves. The focus of this special issue is observational studies of early child rearing in Japan; included are cross‐cultural comparisons with the United States, Germany and France, as well as studies within Japan. The contexts of the observations reported in this special issue include homes, laboratory playrooms, and day care centres. With intra‐cultural and cross‐cultural perspectives, an updated view of Japanese child rearing in the early years is presented.
Weaning in Japan: A longitudinal study of mother and child behaviours during milk‐ and solid‐feeding
Authors: Negayama Koichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBehaviours of seven Japanese mother‐infant dyads during daytime feeding of both milk and solids were observed longitudinally to the middle of the second year. The first 3 months were a period of exclusive milk‐feeding largely uninterrupted by mother‐infant social interaction. In the following 6 months there was increasing mother‐infant communicative interaction during milk‐feeding and the mother began attempts to feed solids. After 8 months, weaning was promoted by reduction in some types of interaction during milk‐feeding, and increased rejection by the infant of passive feeding as self‐feeding of solids increased. Self‐feeding was at first mainly by hand, and later with tools. A positive correlation was found between hand‐feeding at 12‐14 months and active physical stimulation of the infant by the mother during milk‐feeding in the first year. Self‐feeding of solids with tools increased significantly after 1 1/2 years, and the mother supported this development. The mother showed non‐intentional eating‐like mouth movement at the moment infants ate (empathetic behaviour), and this behaviour peaked in the latter half of the first year and decreased thereafter. The development of independence or autonomy in feeding was a mutual or cooperative process between mother and infant, and was initiated by the infant rather than imposed by the mother.
Infant and parental pathways to pre‐school cognitive competence
Authors: Vyt Andre 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a longitudinal study, 62 parent‐child dyads were seen during the second year of life and at 4 years of age. At 12 months, measures included parental sensitive responsiveness during free play, knowledge of cognitive‐communicative development in infancy, and level of exploration and disinhibitedness of the infant. At 16 and at 20 months, parental responsiveness and directiveness and infant task mastery behaviour were assessed in constructive play. Quality of verbal guidance of the parent was assessed in a joint attention situation. At 48 months of age, the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were administered at home, together with dyadic tasks. A path analysis revealed a model in which both verbal abilities and perceptual performance outcome measures were well predicted by the quality of parental verbal guidance in the second year. The latter measure was shown to be independent of the socioeconomic status of parents in the group, but was significantly related with knowledge of infant cognitive‐communicative development. Of the measures at the outset of the second year, only socioeconomic status remained as having a direct path at pre‐school age. The consistency of the model with other empirical findings underscores parental verbal scaffolding as an important shaper of cognitive development.
Shared focus in mother—child joint activity in the second year of life
Authors: Aureli Tiziana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractShared focus between mother and child during joint activity was examined. Ten dyads were observed at 16 and 20 months. We found that the level of conventionality expressed by shared focus increases with age. The activity becomes more oriented towards the cultural aspects of the objects than to material aspects, and social games become more oriented towards symbolic and linguistic aspects than to practical ones. Moreover, we found that the content of the game influences the function of the child's utterances both at 16 and at 20 months. These results point to the cultural specification of joint activity, which can be viewed as mediating the development of intersubjectivity as well as individual behaviour.
The role of three‐dimensional depth cues in infants' perception of partly occluded objects
Authors: Slater Alan , Johnson Scott P. , Kellman Philip J. , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNewborn infants were familiarized to a three dimensional display consisting of a rod which moved behind a central occluder, so that only the top and bottom of the rod were visible. The infants' eyes were 38 cm from the rod and the occluder was 15 cm in front of the rod, a separation intended to ensure that the gap between the two was detected by the infants. On subsequent test trials the infants looked longer at a complete rod than at two rod pieces, suggesting that the hidden unity, or completeness of the rod had not been perceived. In a study by Johnson and Náñez (in press), using computer. generated stimuli, 4 month olds perceived the hidden unity of a similar display presented on a VDU in the complete absence of three. dimensional depth cues. Taken together, these findings suggest that, for these displays, perception of three. dimensional depth cues is not necessary for the detection of the unity of partially hidden objects. It is suggested that age changes in early infancy in the perception of occluded objects may result either from the emergence of abilities to perceive objects from kinematic information or from the emergence of sensitivity to that information itself.
Co‐morbidity of crying and feeding problems with sleeping problems in infancy: Concurrent and predictive associations
Authors: Wolke Dieter , Meyer Renate , Ohrt Barbara , Riegel Klaus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe co‐morbidity of crying, feeding and sleeping problems at 5 months of age was investigated in a representative sample of 432 infants in South Germany. A crying, sleeping or feeding problem was reported in 32.7% of these infants by their parents and a further 14.6% had two or more of these problems. Little co‐morbidity between crying and feeding problems was found. There were moderate to strong associations between crying and sleeping behaviours. Feeding problems showed little relationship to sleeping behaviour, but feeding type and frequency of feeds were related to night waking. Breastfed infants woke much more often at night. Crying and feeding problems at 5 months were poor predictors of sleeping behaviour at 20 or 56 months of age. Later sleeping behaviour was best predicted by infant sleeping behaviour. At 56 months, maternal distress due to sleeping and co‐sleeping practices was predicted by maternal distress due to crying and feeding practices at 5 months of age. The predictions were significant but generally weak to modest in strength. Future studies on the consequences of crying or feeding problems should take into account patterns of co‐morbidity. So‐called ‘post‐colicky’ sleep problems are not due to increased crying per se but rather appear to be the consequence of associated infant sleeping problems and parental caretaking patterns for dealing with night waking in infancy.
The freshwater dissolved organic matter fluorescence–total organic carbon relationship
Authors: Cumberland Susan A. , Baker Andy 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) enable comparisons of humic‐like (H‐L) and fulvic‐like (F‐L) fluorescence intensities with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic systems. The fluorescence‐DOC relationship differed in gradient, i.e. the fluorescence per gram of carbon, and in the strength of the correlation coefficient. We compare the fluorescence intensity of the F‐L and H‐L fractions and DOC of freshwater DOM in north Shropshire, England, featuring a river, wetland, spring, pond and sewage DOM sources. Correlations between fluorescence and DOC varied between sample sites. Wetland water samples for the F‐L peak gave the best correlation, r = 0·756; the lowest correlation was from final treated sewage effluent, r = 0·167. The relationship between fluorescence and DOC of commercially available International Humic Substances Society standards were also examined and they generally showed a lower fluorescence per gram of carbon for the F‐L peak than the natural samples, whereas peat wetland DOM gave a greater fluorescence per gram of carbon than river DOM. Here, we propose the strength of the fluorescence–DOC correlation to be a useful tool when discriminating sources of DOM in fresh water. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of bromide and iodide ions in the salinization mapping of the aquifer of Glafkos River basin (northwest Achaia, Greece)
Authors: Mandilaras D. , Lambrakis N. , Stamatis G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeawater intrusion causes many problems for groundwater quality, whereas natural remediation is time consuming. However, in cases where groundwater replenishment is feasible, groundwater quality remediation is possible and rapid. The alluvial aquifer in the lowland of the Glafkos River basin, which extends south of Patras city, was for over 30 years the major water source supplying the broader area. Groundwater quality has been degraded due to seawater intrusion, caused by overpumping and generally by inappropriate groundwater management. During the last decade, groundwater quality has been remedied due to diminished groundwater abstractions. The remediation rate was further higher because of rapid discharge of the brackish groundwater, through wells with freely flowing water in the coastal area, where, however, groundwater quality remains low.This paper deals with the hydrogeochemical processes that take place in the area. It is ascertained that ion exchange and mineral dilution processes are dominant. The ion relations between chloride, bromide and iodide, as well as the distribution maps of their concentrations, were used to determine the spatial distribution of the seawater intrusion front. In the lower part of the area in a distance from 1000 and 1500 m from the coast, the rBr−/rCl− ratio showed low values (<2·5 × 10−3) similar to those of seawater. The rI−/rCl− ratio also presented low values (<7 × 10−5), with the lowest one (2·7 × 10−5) detected along the coastline. In the upper part of the area, a gradual change of those ratios was observed upstream, until they receive values similar to those of the surface waters of Glafkos River. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Physical and Chemical Limnology and Plankton during the Spring Melt Period in a Subarctic Lake
Authors: Forsström Laura , Sorvari Sanna , Rautio Milla , Sonninen Eloni , Korhola Atte 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe springtime limnology of subarctic Lake Saanajärvi, NW Finnish Lapland, was studied in 1999 with particular interest on the estimation of the effects of acid pulse. No clear pH depression was seen during the study year with exceptionally thin snow cover, in contrast to the year 1997, when a clear episodic decline in surface water pH was measured. In contrast to many Arctic lakes, no phytoplankton spring bloom was observed, probably because of the combination of low nutrient concentrations, dilution effect, flushing and rapid change in light climate. Low temperatures and limited food resources, resulting in long life cycles of zooplankton and with a clear winter maximum, may be the main factor controlling the atypical succession of zooplankton in Lake Saanajärvi. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative Study of Functional Response of Common Hemipteran Bugs of East Calcutta Wetlands, India
Authors: Saha Nabaneeta , Aditya Gautam , Bal Animesh , Kumar Saha Goutam 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe common and abundant hemipteran water bugs Anisops bouvieri, Diplonychus rusticus, D. annulatus, of the wetlands of East Kolkata are known predators of a wide range of aquatic insects including the mosquito larvae. In the laboratory their predation were assessed in respect to short term and long term periods using the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus to reveal their possible role in regulating the dipteran population in nature. The attack rate (a) and handling time (Th ) of these predators varied with respect to the prey size. For the backswimmers A. bouvieri the values for a and Th for the small prey were 5.47 L and 18.72 min respectively, while in case of the belostomatid bugs, the values for the same were 5.37 L and 8.64 min (for D. rusticus), 5.81 L and 20.16 min (for D. annulatus). The predation rate varied with prey and predator densities for both the prey sizes. It was revealed that on an average A. bouvieri can kill and consume 10–82 and 6–44, D. rusticus 10–118 and 10–84 and D. annulatus 10–70 and 10–138 small and large sized prey per day, respectively. However the mutual interference (m) values of the three predators varied with the prey size and ranged between 0.053–0.326 for A. bouvieri, 0.0381–0.066 for D. rusticus and 0.0556–0.115 for D. annulatus, respectively. In the long term experiments A. bouvieri killed between 6–119 small preys and 3–31 large preys, D. rusticus killed 50–94 small preys and 50–96 large preys and D. annulatum were found to kill between 14–74 small prey and 50–131 large prey per day, respectively. The clearance rates were found to be proportional to the predator density as well to the prey size and density, and differed between the predator species significantly. These data are supportive of qualifying the water bugs, A. bouvieri, D. rusticus, and D. annulatus as potential biological resources in regulating the population of mosquito larvae in the wet‐lands. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anthropogenic Disturbance on Shallow Cryptofaunal Communities in a Marine Life Conservation District on Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Bailey‐Brock Julie , Brock Richard , Kam Alan , Fukunaga Atsuko , Akiyama Hanae 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCryptic invertebrate communities in coral rubble and sand from Hanauma Bay, a Marine Life Conservation District, were analyzed. Substratum samples were collected from the shallow bench and sand channels next to the beach and the cryptofauna were examined. Sand from the shallows (0.6 m deep) is frequently trampled by beach users and has a depauperate community dominated by a polychaete (Saccocirrus alanhongi) and a variety of nematodes (mean no. taxa = 12, mean no. individuals = 1,143 (0.1 m–2), but sand collected 25 m seaward from below trampling depths (3 m). showed significantly greater diversity (mean no. taxa = 46, mean no. individuals = 6,448 (0.1 m–2). Coralline rubble from 0.5 m depth was acid dissolved to extract the cryptofauna that was trapped on 0.5 and 0.25 mm sieves. In total, 102 taxa and 10,673 individual invertebrates (0.1 m–2) were found. Rubble collected from areas used by waders had a greater diversity than sand habitats. This substratum provides a greater variety of microhabitats and protection from trampling for endolithic fauna than sand. Waders may actively avoid rubble because of the discomfort from walking on this hard, uneven substratum. We found that despite enforced protective measures, i.e., stopping fishing and collecting of marine life, banning fish feeding, and limiting the number of visitors, disturbance by human trampling on shallow sands still reduces the species richness in these areas. Cryptic biota below wading depths, and from adjacent coral rubble on sand, are not similarly affected. These results are similar to those from another heavily used beach on Oahu and cryptofauna ecology may be useful to adopt as a management option for Marine Preserves in other locations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
LRRC4 inhibits human glioblastoma cells proliferation, invasion, and proMMP‐2 activation by reducing SDF‐1α/CXCR4‐mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Minghua , Chen Qiong , Li Dan , Li Xiaoling , Li Xiayu , Huang Chen , Tang Yunlian , Zhou Yanhong , Wang Di , Tang Ke , Cao Li , Shen Shourong , Li Guiyuan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGliomas take a number of different genetic routes in the progression to glioblastoma multiforme, a highly invasive variant that is mostly unresponsive to current therapies. The α‐chemokine stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF)‐1α binds to the seven transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled CXCR‐4 receptor and acts to modulate cell migration and proliferation by activating multiple signal transduction pathways. Leucine‐rich repeats containing 4 (LRRC4), a putative glioma suppressive gene, inhibits glioblastoma cells tumorigenesis in vivo and cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. We also previously demonstrated that LRRC4 controlled glioblastoma cells proliferation by ERK/AKT/NF‐κB signaling pathway. In the present study, we demonstrate that CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed in human glioblastoma U251 cell line, and that SDF‐1α increases the proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasion in CXCR4+ glioblastoma U251 cells through the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. The reintroduction of LRRC4 in U251 cells inhibits the expression of CXCR4 and SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated downstream intracellular pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt leading to proliferate, chemotactic and invasive effects. Furthermore, we provide evidence for proMMP‐2 activation involvement in the SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated signaling pathway. LRRC4 significantly inhibits proMMP‐2 activation by SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a possible important “cross‐talk” between LRRC4 and SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated intracellular pathways that can link signals of cell proliferation, chemotaxis and invasion in glioblastoma, and may represent a new target for development of new therapeutic strategies in glioma. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 245–255, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential effects of anoxia on heart rate in developmental stages of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus that differ in their tolerance of anoxia
Authors: Fergusson‐Kolmes Linda , Podrabsky Jason E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEmbryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can experience oxygen deprivation as part of their normal developmental environment. We exposed embryos to anoxia and monitored heart activity for 48 hr, and subsequent aerobic recovery from anoxia for 40 hr. Embryos were tested at four different developmental stages that differ in their tolerance of anoxia. Our results indicate that high tolerance of anoxia is associated with an arrest of heart contractility during the first 24 hr of anoxia. These embryos recover to normoxic levels of heart rate within 16 hr of aerobic recovery. In contrast, embryos from later developmental stages that have a highly reduced ability to survive long‐term anoxia experience a severe bradycardia but not an arrest of heart rate. These data illustrate a new and potentially powerful model for investigating the effects of anoxia on the developing cardiovascular system in vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:419–423, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life of children with neurological impairment who receive a fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Srivastava Rajendu , Downey Earl C. , Feola Peter , Samore Matthew , Coburn Laurie , Holubkov Richard , Mundorff Michael , Nkoy Flory , Desrochers Dan , James Brent C. , Rosenbaum Peter , Young Paul C. , Dean Jonathan M. , O'Gorman Molly 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDChildren with neurological impairment (NI) commonly have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated with a fundoplication. The impact of this procedure on quality of life is poorly understood.OBJECTIVESTo examine the quality of life of children with NI who have received a fundoplication for GERD and of their caregivers.METHODSThe study was a prospective cohort study of children with NI and GERD who underwent a fundoplication at a children's hospital between January 1, 2005, and July 7, 2006. Quality of life of the children was assessed with the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) and of the caregivers with the Short‐Form Health Survey Status (SF‐36) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI), both at baseline and 1 month after fundoplication. Functional status was assessed using the WeeFIM®. Repeated‐measures analyses were performed.RESULTSForty‐four of the 63 parents (70%) were enrolled. The median WeeFIM® score was 31.2 versus the age‐normal score of 83 (P= .001). Compared with the baseline scores, mean CHQ scores improved over 1 month in the domains of bodily pain (32.8 vs. 47.5,P= .01), role limitations–physical (30.6 vs. 56.6,P= .01), mental health (62.7 vs. 70.6,P= .01), family limitation of activities (43.3 vs. 55.1,P= .03), and parental time (43.0 vs. 55.3,P= .03). The parental SF‐36 domain of vitality improved from baseline over 1 month (41.3 vs. 48.2,P= .001), but there were no changes from baseline in Parenting Stress scores.CONCLUSIONSParents reported that the quality of life of children with NI who receive a fundoplication for GERD was improved from baseline in several domains 1 month after surgery. The quality of life and stress of caregivers did not improve in nearly all domains, at least in the short term. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:165–173. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.