bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics‐based analysis of the relationship between plasminogen regulatory genes and photoaging
Authors: Weng Tengyu , Zhang Xiaoning , He Juan , Yang Yi , Li Chengxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet radiation causes skin photoaging by producing a variety of enzymes, which impact both skin health and hinder beauty. Currently, the early diagnosis and treatment of photoaging remain a challenge. Bioinformatics analysis has strong advantages in exploring core genes and the biological pathways of photoaging.AimsTo screen and validate key risk genes associated with plasminogen in photoaging and to identify potential target genes for photoaging.MethodsTwo human transcriptome datasets were obtained by searching the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the mRNAs in the GSE131789 dataset were differentially analyzed, and then the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find out the strongest correlations. Template genes, interaction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), modular genes with the most WGCNA correlations, and genecard database genes related to plasminogen were performed, and further Kyoto genes and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway analysis. Two different algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machines‐recursive feature elimination (SVM‐RFE), were used to find key genes. Then the data set (GSE206495) was validated and analyzed. Real‐time PCR was performed to validate the expression of key genes through in vitro cellular experiments.ResultsIFI6, IFI44L, HRSP12, and BMP4 were screened from datasets as key genes for photoaging and further analysis showed that these genes have significant diagnostic value for photoaging.ConclusionIFI6, IFI44L, HRSP12, and BMP4 play a key role in the pathogenesis of photoaging, and serve as promising potential predictive biomarkers for photoaging.
Influence of further decompensation on survival across clinical stages of decompensated cirrhosis: The role of portal hypertension and HVPG changes
Authors: Garcia‐Guix Marta , Ardevol Alba , Sapena Victor , Alvarado‐Tápias Edilmar , Huertas Anna , Brujats Anna , Fajardo Javier , Cuyas Berta , Poca María , Guarner Carlos , Torras Xavier , Escorsell Àngels , Villanueva Càndid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDecompensated‐cirrhosis encompasses several stages with different prognosis, such as bleeding, ascites and bleeding‐plus‐ascites. Development of further‐decompensation worsens survival, while non‐selective β‐blockers (NSBBs) can modify the risk. However, how this applies to each stage is uncertain. We aimed to investigate, in each stage of decompensated‐cirrhosis, the influence of further‐decompensation on mortality and whether changes in portal‐pressure (HVPG) under NSBBs influence these outcomes.MethodsPatients with variceal bleeding were consecutively included differentiating those with bleeding‐alone from those who also had ascites. Patients with ascites and high‐risk varices referred for primary‐prophylaxis were also investigated. A baseline haemodynamic study was performed and was repeated after 1‐3‐months under NSBBs. Outcomes were investigated by competing‐risk.ResultsTotally 103 patients had bleeding‐alone, 186 bleeding‐plus‐ascites and 187 ascites‐alone. Mean follow‐up was 32‐months (IQR, 12–60). Patients with bleeding‐plus‐ascites had higher HVPG and were more hyperdynamic than patients with ascites‐alone and these than those with bleeding‐alone. At each stage, the mortality risk was more than twice in patients developing further‐decompensation vs. those without (p < .001). In each stage, HVPG‐decrease under NSBBs showed better discrimination to predict further‐decompensation than the baseline MELD, Child–Pugh or HVPG, by time‐dependent ROC‐curves (c‐statistic >70%). At each stage, patients without HVPG‐decreases, either ≥10% or ≥20% from the baseline, had higher risk of further‐decompensation (sHR from 2.43 to 6.73, p < .01) and worse survival.ConclusionsIn each stage of decompensated cirrhosis, mortality risk significantly and very markedly increase with further‐decompensation. HVPG‐non‐response to NSBBs may adequately stratify the risk of further decompensation and death, in each stage. This suggests potential benefit with pre‐emptive therapies in HVPG‐non‐responders at each‐stage.
The Andes as a semi‐permeable geographical barrier: Genetic connectivity between structured populations in a widespread spider
Authors: Salgado‐Roa Fabian C. , Pardo‐Diaz Carolina , Rueda‐M Nicol , Cisneros‐Heredia Diego F. , Lasso Eloisa , Salazar Camilo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeographical barriers like mountain ranges impede genetic exchange among populations, promoting diversification. The effectiveness of these barriers in limiting gene flow varies between lineages due to each species' dispersal modes and capacities. Our understanding of how the Andes orogeny contributes to species diversification comes from well‐studied vertebrates and a few arthropods and plants, neglecting organisms unable to fly or walk long distances. Some arachnids, such as Gasteracantha cancriformis, have been hypothesized to disperse long distances via ballooning (i.e. using their silk to interact with the wind). Yet, we do not know how the environment and geography shape its genetic diversity. Therefore, we tested whether the Andes contributed to the diversification of G. cancriformis acting as an absolute or semi‐permeable barrier to genetic connectivity between populations of this spider at opposite sides of the mountain range. We sampled thousands of loci across the distribution of the species and implemented population genetics, phylogenetic, and landscape genetic analyses. We identified two genetically distinct groups structured by the Central Andes, and a third less structured group in the Northern Andes that shares ancestry with the previous two. This structure is largely explained by the altitude along the Andes, which decreases in some regions, possibly facilitating cross‐Andean dispersal and gene flow. Our findings support that altitude in the Andes plays a major role in structuring populations in South America, but the strength of this barrier can be overcome by organisms with long‐distance dispersal modes together with altitudinal depressions.
High floral disparity without pollinator shifts in buzz‐bee‐pollinated Melastomataceae
Authors: Kopper Constantin , Schönenberger Jürg , Dellinger Agnes S. 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Shifts among functional pollinator groups are commonly regarded as sources of floral morphological diversity (disparity) through the formation of distinct pollination syndromes. While pollination syndromes may be used for predicting pollinators, their predictive accuracy remains debated, and they are rarely used to test whether floral disparity is indeed associated with pollinator shifts.

We apply classification models trained and validated on 44 functional floral traits across 252 species with empirical pollinator observations and then use the validated models to predict pollinators for 159 species lacking observations. In addition, we employ multivariate statistics and phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether pollinator shifts are the main source of floral disparity in Melastomataceae.

We find strong support for four well‐differentiated pollination syndromes (‘buzz‐bee’, ‘nectar‐foraging vertebrate’, ‘food‐body‐foraging vertebrate’, ‘generalist’). While pollinator shifts add significantly to floral disparity, we find that the most species‐rich ‘buzz‐bee’ pollination syndrome is most disparate, indicating that high floral disparity may evolve without pollinator shifts. Also, relatively species‐poor clades and geographic areas contributed substantially to total disparity.

Finally, our results show that machine‐learning approaches are a powerful tool for evaluating the predictive accuracy of the pollination syndrome concept as well as for predicting pollinators where observations are missing.
Sustaining democracy in Africa: The case for Ghana
Authors: Ackah Kofi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn balance, Africa generally has made some progress in good governance under liberal, multiparty democracy in the past two or three decades. But there are well‐noted, wide‐ranging dysfunctions in governance, which inhibit human development and fulfilment. Several papers have been published, which propose various solutions to the dysfunctions. Among them are proposals for types of all‐inclusive democratic politics. I examine a couple of these proposals and conclude that they generate formidable feasibility challenges, even for the types of democracy they advocate. This paper focuses on Ghana, but with a thrust intended to have import for the sustainability of democracy across Africa. The argument is basically that the operating democratic constitutions in Africa provide a normatively desirable liberal, multiparty democracy, which promises a reasonably good life for all without exception; but practice has resulted in enduring, multiple deprivations and low standards of living for millions of citizens. The reason for the undesirably wide gap between the ideal and the practice is not because multiparty democracy is inconsistent with African traditions or is otherwise not good for Africans, as some scholars claim, but because of those who tend to run it—their general incompetence, including or marked by their intellectual and ethical inability to rise above partisan limitations and failure to leverage the efficiencies of the free market system. The proposed solution for Ghana, intended to eliminate or significantly mitigate the dysfunctions just mentioned and to sustain the multiparty democracy, is to redesign the National Development Planning Commission (NPDC), a constitutional organ which serves the partisan executive, into a robust, non‐partisan, independent institution, anchored on the principles of separation of powers and checks and balances, to enable it to do at least the following two things: (a) to produce, with representation from key stakeholders, including political parties, technocratically objective, competent, efficient and accountable rolling and all‐inclusive National Development Plans (NDPs) in place of vote‐inspired and partisan manifestoes, with budgets approved by parliament; and (b) to monitor, evaluate and report on the governing party's implementation of the NDPs to parliament. Democracy will become sustainable as the general quality of lives grows steadily under the continuous implementation of all‐inclusive NDPs, which are to be crafted to efficiently and sustainably deliver public goods and services that serve district, regional and the common needs and interests of all Ghanaians rather than the interests of the few and powerful or, at best, of majorities.
Crisis coordination in complex intergovernmental systems: The case of Australia
Authors: Kapucu Naim , Parkin Andrew , Lumb Miriam , Dippy Russell 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs the scale and intensity of disasters and crises continue to increase, planning and managing crises have become a critical policy and governance issue. Of particular importance to this topic is crisis coordination, as effective response and recovery support the continuity of operations of governments and businesses, and are essential to the economy, health, and public safety. This paper applies a network governance perspective to explore the practical application of intergovernmental crisis coordination in Australia with reference to the COVID‐19 crisis contributing to a better understanding of the role of governing bodies in dealing with major crises in a coordinated manner. This paper also highlights the need to leverage collaborative leadership, organizational capacity, and a culture of collaboration to develop robust and connected networks in addressing crisis coordination within Australia's complex federal system.
Do the blood anti‐Müllerian hormone concentrations in young females correlate with the ovarian follicular population later in life in water buffalo?
Authors: de Morais Rodrigo , Sousa Alysson Jorge de Oliveira , da Costa de Almeida Nathalia Nogueira , Ohashi Otávio Mitio , Santos Simone do Socorro Damasceno , Monteiro Bruno Moura , Rolim Filho Sebastião Tavares , King William Allan , Miranda Moysés dos Santos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this longitudinal study, the anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in blood were determined in 32 Murrah buffalo females at 8, 10, 12, 16 and 19 months of age when females were synchronized and the antral follicular population (AFP) was estimated. Correlations of AFP to the AMH level at 19 months of age and retrospectively to younger ages were investigated. Then females were split into high and low AFP, and their AMH levels were compared for all ages and tested as predictors of AFP categories. The highest AMH level (p < .05) was detected at 8 months, reducing but not differing (p > .05) at 10, 12 and 16 months then reducing again (p < .05) at 19 months of age. The mean AFP was 17.6 ± 6.3 follicles, and it was positively correlated with AMH in all ages tested. High AFP females had approximately two times more antral follicles than low AFP (p < .05) and their AMH levels were higher (p < .01) than in low AFP ones in all ages. Only at 8 months, AMH levels can be used to precociously detect high AFP heifers (a cut‐off point of 464.7 pg/mL; p < .05), while low AFP heifers could be detected by AMH measurements at 8, 10, 12 and 16 months of age (p < .05). We conclude that AMH of buffalo calves correlates with AFP of heifers later in life and depending on the age, its levels could be used to identify future females with low or high AFP.
A step forward in conceptualizing psychological closeness/distance to suicide methods: A qualitative approach
Authors: Clary Kelly L. , Murley William D. , Ortiz Rachel S. , Rogers Megan L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of death, making suicide prevention a major public health priority. Increasing understanding of factors influencing suicidal behavior is paramount. Previous research has implicated psychological closeness, characterized by perceptions of how close/distant or attached/detached one feels to a particular object, as a cognitive factor that influences suicidal behavior. However, a better understanding of how psychological closeness to suicide methods is conceptualized by relevant populations is needed to improve its assessment and understand how it may confer risk for suicide.MethodsThe goal was to refine the conceptualization of psychological closeness to suicide methods by incorporating feedback from relevant populations. We conducted 30 interviews with those primarily identifying as having lived experience of suicide (n = 10), clinicians who work with suicidal patients (n = 11), and suicide researchers (n = 9). A rigorous thematic approach using NVivo software was used to uncover common themes.ResultsPrimary themes included familiarity, comfort, and attachment, with one emerging theme of symbolism. We define these themes, provide context to their meaning, and share exemplary quotes across diverse participants.ConclusionWe consider clinical, research, and policy implications from an interdisciplinary lens and discuss the strengths and limitations of this study.
Neural Generative Models and the Parallel Architecture of Language: A Critical Review and Outlook
Authors: Rambelli Giulia , Chersoni Emmanuele , Testa Davide , Blache Philippe , Lenci Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccording to the parallel architecture, syntactic and semantic information processing are two separate streams that interact selectively during language comprehension. While considerable effort is put into psycho‐ and neurolinguistics to understand the interchange of processing mechanisms in human comprehension, the nature of this interaction in recent neural Large Language Models remains elusive. In this article, we revisit influential linguistic and behavioral experiments and evaluate the ability of a large language model, GPT‐3, to perform these tasks. The model can solve semantic tasks autonomously from syntactic realization in a manner that resembles human behavior. However, the outcomes present a complex and variegated picture, leaving open the question of how Language Models could learn structured conceptual representations.
Barley yellow dwarf virus‐GAV 17K protein disrupts thiamine biosynthesis to facilitate viral infection in plants
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Yang Xue , Chen Siyu , Wang He , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Daowen , Yang Jin , Chen Linlin , Sun Bingjian , Li Honglian , Shi Yan 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYThiamine functions as a crucial activator modulating plant health and broad‐spectrum stress tolerances. However, the role of thiamine in regulating plant virus infection is largely unknown. Here, we report that the multifunctional 17K protein encoded by barley yellow dwarf virus‐GAV (BYDV‐GAV) interacted with barley pyrimidine synthase (HvTHIC), a key enzyme in thiamine biosynthesis. HvTHIC was found to be localized in chloroplast via an N‐terminal 74‐amino acid domain. However, the 17K‐HvTHIC interaction restricted HvTHIC targeting to chloroplasts and triggered autophagy‐mediated HvTHIC degradation. Upon BYDV‐GAV infection, the expression of the HvTHIC gene was significantly induced, and this was accompanied by accumulation of thiamine and salicylic acid. Silencing of HvTHIC expression promoted BYDV‐GAV accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis of HvTHIC silenced and non‐silenced barley plants showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal induction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis‐antenna protein, and MAPK signaling pathway. Thiamine treatment enhanced barley resistance to BYDV‐GAV. Taken together, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism underlying how BYDV impedes thiamine biosynthesis to uphold viral infection in plants.
Neutrophil antigen antibodies affect engraftment and secondary graft failure in hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation
Authors: Alswied Abdullah , Hassan Sajjad , Rai Herleen , Flegel Willy Albert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch is limited on the role of antibodies against human neutrophil antigen (HNA) in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation outcomes.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on medical records of patients at the NIH Clinical Center enrolled in six research protocols. This case–control study included 21 patients tested for HNA antibodies from January 2010 to March 2022 who underwent HPC transplantation. In addition, 42 patients following the same research protocols were randomly selected as a control group.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of time to neutrophil engraftment was significantly impacted by the patients' anti‐HNA status (p = .042), with the patients with anti‐HNA experiencing delayed engraftment. Secondary graft failure occurred in 4 out of 42 patients (9.52%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7–22.1) of the control group, while 5 out of 9 patients (55.5%; 95% CI: 26.7–81.1) with anti‐HNA experienced secondary graft failure (p = .005). Furthermore, patients with anti‐HNA had a lower proportion (p = .008 for full and p = .002 for partial chimerism) and cumulative incidence (p = .016 for full and p = .010 for partial chimerism) of achieving donor chimerism compared to the control group.DiscussionThe study reveals a potential link between anti‐HNA and HPC transplantation outcomes not previously reported. Patients with anti‐HNA had a lower proportion and cumulative incidence of achieving donor chimerism. Additionally, anti‐HNA status affected the time for neutrophil engraftment, with a slower rate of neutrophil engraftment and increased risk of secondary failure in patients with anti‐HNA.
A Shunt-Assisted Silicon Electrode for Micro Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Zhu Yulan , Liu Guodong , Li Yong , Tong Hao , Cao Peiyao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Stray current causes undesired material dissolution in micro-electrochemical machining (micro-ECM). The reduction of stray corrosion, caused by stray current, continues to be a major challenge for accuracy improvement. To limit the distribution of stray current, a shunt-assisted silicon electrode, with an auxiliary anode sharing stray current, is proposed in this study. The auxiliary anode is arranged outside the insulating layer of the sidewall-insulated electrode. It is proved in simulation that the auxiliary anode can help reduce the average material removal rate on the machined surface by 55% and improve processing accuracy. A fabrication process of shunt-assisted silicon electrode by bulk silicon process and thin film deposition process are presented. Microgrooves and holes are machined in ECM experiments. The angle between each side-wall and the vertical plane is less than 10 deg. The gap between the sidewall of the machined structures and electrode-outer-contour is about 30 μm±6 μm for the grooves and 45 μm±10 μm for the holes. These long-term experiments and consistent processing results show the shunt-assisted electrode is reliable in ECM process. But due to the stray corrosion induced by DC power supply and conservative feed method, the effect of the shunt-assisted silicon electrode in inhibiting stray corrosion is not significant. In the future, a micro-ECM system with novel power supply and active control methodologies is expected to better utilize the effect of the shunt-assisted silicon electrode.
Harnessing Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Surface Modification and Strengthening
Authors: Pang Hao , Ngaile Gracious 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) shows promise for surface modification and strengthening. While previous research has explored its potential for surface hardening and polishing, the application of cavitation for surface texturing remains relatively unexplored. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of using hydrodynamic cavitation for surface texturing and hardening, as well as identify the key process parameters that influence the outcomes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are utilized to analyze the behavior of cavitation under various conditions, and experimental validation is conducted. The study examines the influence of different chamber insert geometries on cavitation intensity and energy release. It also investigates the effect of process parameters on surface morphology and hardness. The results demonstrate that hydrodynamic cavitation can effectively strengthen specific regions of interest when the cavitation intensity is controlled. However, the formation of surface texture through plastic deformation may be limited to ductile materials or those with low yield strength. The study highlights the significance of utilizing suitable cavitation generators capable of continuously generating cavitation for consistent and controlled intensity. Preliminary results suggest that innovative vortex-based devices have the potential to deliver controlled cavitation intensity to desired areas.
Erratum: “A Numerical Scheme for Anisotropic Reactive Nonlinear Viscoelasticity” [ASME J. Biomech Eng., 2023, 145(1), p. 011004; DOI: 10.1115/1.4054983]
Authors: Ateshian Gerard A. , Petersen Courtney A. , Maas Steve A. , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this erratum, we correct a mistake in a subcomponent of the numerical algorithm proposed in our recent study for modeling anisotropic reactive nonlinear viscoelasticity (doi:10.1115/1.4054983), for the special case where multiple weak bond families may be recruited with loading. This correction overcomes a nonphysical response noted under uni-axial cyclical loading.