bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rectus femoris transposition with traditional transfer for treatment of stiff knee gait in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hemo Yoram , Aiona Michael D. , Pierce Rosemary A. , Dorociak Robin , Sussman Michael D. 
Published: February 2007

Purpose To assess the outcome of children with cerebral palsy following reposition of the distal rectus femoris tendon for treatment of stiff knee gait. Methods Children with cerebral palsy with stiff knee gait who underwent rectus femoris transfer were studied retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were cerebral palsy of diplegic or quadriplegic type, preoperative and 1 year postoperative three-dimensional motion analysis, and no other surgery except rectus femoris transfer at the time of study. The patients were separated into two groups: in group I, the rectus femoris was transferred to the distal medial hamstring tendons, either the gracilis or the semitendinosus; in group II, the distal tendon of the rectus femoris was transposed laterally and attached to the iliotibial band/intermuscular septum. Results Peak knee flexion during swing phase, total dynamic knee range of motion, knee range of motion during swing phase, and time to peak knee flexion during swing phase were all improved in both groups. Hip and pelvic kinematics were not influenced by the surgery. Velocity, stride length, and cadence were all improved following the surgery. There was no difference between the transfer group and the transposition group. Conclusion These findings suggest that distal transfer of the rectus femoris is effective in improving swing phase knee function by diminishing the mechanical effect of the dysphasic swing phase activity of the rectus femoris, not by converting the rectus femoris to an active knee flexor.
The impact of climate change on sugarbeet yield in the UK: 1976–2004
Authors: JAGGARD K. W. , QI A. , SEMENOV M. A. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYSince the 1970s, the delivered sugar yield per hectare has risen at an average annual rate of 0·111 t/ha, while the sugar yield in the official variety trials has increased at an average annual rate of 0·204 t/ha. These increases are usually considered to be the result of improvements in varieties and in beet agronomy. The present paper considers the possible impact of recent changes in climate on UK sugar yields by using the Broom's Barn Crop Growth Model and daily weather data collected over the last 30 years. Simulations of sugar yield using weather in eastern England since 1976 increased by an average annual rate of 0·139 t/ha, which accounted for about two thirds of the rate in the official variety trials. This increase was not an artefact of the accuracy of weather recording but it was, in part, accounted for by the trend to earlier sowing. Although it was not statistically significant, the earlier sowing trend was associated with an increase of 0·025 t/ha per year and was an indirect effect of the climate change. The annual deviations from these trends have not tended to become significantly bigger or smaller over the three decades. The model is not variety-specific, so it makes no allowance for variety improvements during the last 30 years. Clearly, varieties have improved so the implication must be that some of the changes in agronomy have tended to decrease the yields significantly. The changes in agronomic practice most likely to be responsible are the extension of the crop processing campaign, leading to greater post-harvest storage losses, and a decrease in the irrigated area.
A beef-associated outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in The Netherlands with implications for national and international policy
Authors: KIVI M. , HOFHUIS A. , NOTERMANS D. W. , WANNET W. J. B. , HECK M. E. O. C. , VAN DE GIESSEN A. W. , VAN DUYNHOVEN Y. T. H. P. , STENVERS O. F. J. , BOSMAN A. , VAN PELT W. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYA ten-fold increase in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 cases in The Netherlands during September–November 2005 prompted an outbreak investigation. A population-based matched case-control study included 56 cases and 100 controls. Risk factors for infection were consumption of a pre-processed raw beef product (odds ratio 4·2, 95% confidence interval 1·5–12·0) and of food from mobile caterers (odds ratio 4·9, 95% confidence interval 1·1–22·1). Bacterial molecular typing established a link with another DT104 outbreak in Denmark caused by beef from a third European country. The incriminated beef was traced in The Netherlands and sampling yielded DT104 of the outbreak-associated molecular type. We concluded that this outbreak was caused by imported contaminated beef. Consumers should be informed about presence of raw meat in pre-processed food products. Optimal utilization of international networks and testing and traceability of foodstuffs has the potential to prevent foodborne infections.
Induction of CD40 Expression and Enhancement of Monoclonal Antibody Production on Murine B Cell Hybridomas by Cross‐Linking of IgG Receptors
Authors: Martín‐López Alicia , García‐Camacho Francisco , Belarbi El Hassan , Martínez‐Escobar Sergio , Contreras‐Gómez Antonio , Molina‐Grima Emilio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 55–6 murine B cell hybridoma line not constitutively expressing CD40 was treated with increasing amounts of intact anti‐mouse surface immunoglobulin G antibody (anti‐mIgG) either not preincubated or preincubated for 48 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro, cross‐linking of surface immunoglobulin G (sIgG) with the whole molecule of anti‐IgG antibodies induced the expression of CD69, CD40, and CD19 surface antigens on 55–6 cells. The effect of sIgG ligation was dose‐dependent, and preincubation with LPS enhanced their responsiveness to anti‐mIgG stimulation. The expression of these surface molecules reached the maximum value during the first part of the cell cycle, corresponding to the position of the G1 peak of the DNA distribution. Stimulation of cells with anti‐mIgG did not induce changes either in the number of viable cells or in the fraction of cells undergoing proliferation (mitosis). However, preincubation of 55–6 cells with LPS for 48 h before stimulation with anti‐mIgG increased both the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, in comparison with non‐preincubated cells. Moreover, on cells preincubated with LPS prior to anti‐mIgG treatment, specific IgG2a production rate was enhanced significantly compared to that obtained in control cultures. The correlation between the antibody production rate and the amount of IgG that is detectable on the cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry. A good correlation between secreted and surface IgG was observed, and the results of cell cycle analyses demostrated that the 55–6 hybridoma cell line has a substantially higher sIgG content in G1 phase.
Mortality Attributable to Nosocomial Infection: A Cohort of Patients With and Without Nosocomial Infection in a French University Hospital
Authors: Fabbro-Peray Pascale , Sotto A. , Defez C. , Cazaban M. , Molinari L. , Pinède M. , Mahamat A. , Daurès J.P. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveTo assess nosocomial infection (NI) as a risk factor for death and to estimate the population-attributable risk of death from NI.Design.A prospective cohort study of patients with and without NI.Setting.Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.Patients.Patients were recruited from May 7, 2001, to January 10, 2003. Patients in acute care and long-term care units who had NI were enrolled, and patients without NI were randomly selected and matched with patients with NI for age, sex, type of care (acute care vs. long-term care) and length of stay in hospital at study inclusion.Outcome Measures.Vital status within 60 days after study inclusion was assessed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the relative death risk from NI after adjusting for comorbidities, severity of the underlying disease, and all other confounding factors. The adjusted population-attributable risk was assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel method.Results.We recruited 1,914 patients with NI and 5,172 patients without NI. The median age of the patients with NI was 73 years; 1,045 (54.6%) were female. NI was associated with death within 60 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.4—;2.2]; P-C.001). The adjusted population-attributable risk of death for all sites of infection was 1.7% (95% CI, 1.4-2.1). If we consider the NI incidence to be 3%-6% in French hospitals, the population-attributable risk of death from NI would range from 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.5%) to 4.0% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.9%).Conclusion.In this study, NI appeared to have a significant impact on mortality. Multicenter studies will be needed to confirm these results.
Institutional evaluation and its influence on organizational learning
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Nien 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of organizational learning within Taiwanese Institute of Technology academic libraries, and in particular the nature of the relationship between the institutional evaluation of those libraries by the Ministry of Education and the responses of the libraries.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 library personnel, including directors. These interviews explored issues arising from a survey of the related literature and resulted in the emergence of five important themes.FindingsThe results of this study show that few libraries seem to be achieving what might be considered an adequate level of organizational learning, largely it seems because of internal barriers and structural problems with how the evaluation is implemented.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study apply only to the particular types of libraries studied and to the concept of evaluation and organizational learning as it applies to these types of libraries. The research implications are that library management needs to operate in a transformational manner; then continue with assistance and consistency to give support needed to all parts of the library organization so that comprehensive and meaningful choices can be made.Practical implicationsLibraries must engage more in a learning dialogue with their particular contexts, thus enhancing their capacity for true organizational learning. These implications concerning learning processes can also be applied widely to academic libraries outside Taiwan.Originality/valueThe contribution of the study lies in two directions: extension and development of existing conceptual frameworks in organizational learning; and examination of the use of evaluation procedures in an unusual setting.
Effects of loading speed on the failure behaviour of FRP composites
Authors: Das B. , Sahu S.K. , Ray B.C. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe objective of the present work is to ascertain the failure modes under different loading speeds along with change in percentage of constituents of FRP composites.Design/methodology/approachThis involves experimental investigation of FRP composites with woven roving fibers and matrix. Different types of composites, i.e. glass: epoxy, glass: polyester and (carbon+glass): epoxy are used in the investigation with change in percentage of constituents. The variability of fiber content of the composite is in the range of 0.55‐0.65 weight fractions. The matrix dominated property, like inter laminar shear strength (ILSS) has been studied by three point bend test using INSTRON 1195 material testing machine with increasing five cross head velocities.FindingsThe variation of ILSS of laminates of FRP composites is significant for low loading speed and is not so prominent for high speed. The variation of ILSS are observed to be dependent on the type and amount of constituents present in the composites. The laminates with carbon fiber shows higher ILSS than that of glass fiber composites. The laminates with epoxy matrix shows higher ILSS than polyester matrix composites for the same fiber. There is no significant variation of ILSS beyond loading speed 200 mm/min and this can be used for specifications of testing. Matrix resins such as polyester and epoxy are known to be highly rate sensitive. Carbon fiber are relatively rate independent and E‐glass fibers are rate sensitive. Woven roving carbon glass fiber reinforced polymer shows small rate dependence and woven roving glass fiber reinforced polymer shows significant rate sensitivity.Originality/valueThe findings are based on original experimental investigations in the laboratories of the institute and can be used for characterization of composites.
Development of flight control system for 2D differential geometric guidance and control problem
Authors: Li Chaoyong , Jing Wuxing , Wang Hui , Qi Zhiguo 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to provide further study on the development and analysis of flight control system for two‐dimensional (2D) differential geometric (DG) guidance and control system based on the application of a set‐point weighting proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller.Design/methodology/approachThe commanded angle‐of‐attack is developed in the time domain using the classical differential geometry theory. Then, a set‐point weighting PID controller is introduced to develop a flight control system so as to form the 2D DG guidance and control system, and the gains of the PID controller are determined by the Ziegler‐Nichols method as well as the Routh‐Hurwitz stability criterion. Finally, the classical frequency method is utilized to study the relative stability and robustness of the designed flight control system.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the designed controller yields a fast responding and stable system which is robust to the high frequency parameters variation. Moreover, the DG guidance law is viable and effective in a realistic missile defense engagement.Originality/valueThis paper provides a novel approach on the development of DG guidance and control system associated with its stability analysis.
Developing a benchmark for company‐wide sales capability
Authors: Sweet Catherine , Sweet Tim , Rogers Beth , Heritage Valerie , Turner Mike 
Published: February 2007

PurposeBased on a broad set of indicators of individual and company capabilities, this research sets out to establish a meaningful, straightforward benchmark of sales performance for a cross‐industry group of 19 companies, based on the perceptions of their salespeople.Design/methodology/approachThe establishment of the benchmark involved the completion of questionnaires by 426 salespeople across 19 companies.FindingsThe research identified some areas for development common to most companies in the survey.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough comprehensive, this survey needs to be repeated over time to maintain the benchmark. Benchmarking can be helpful to many companies trying to improve their sales capability.Originality/valueThis is a practical case study of a benchmarking approach to developing the sales function in a number of organisations.
Mere nip and tuck? Training and development's changing role
Authors: Auluck R.K. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to study the changing role of training and development over a seven‐year period.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative analysis; comparative analysis of 763 training and development/HRD job advertisements featured over a seven month‐period in 1996‐1997 and in 2003‐2004.FindingsChange in the training and development role has been patchy and not as extensive as some of the literature has suggested.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was confined to training and development/HRD job advertisements from one, albeit leading, UK HR magazine and only allowed a seven‐year gap between the two sets of data gathered. It would have been interesting to have analysed job advertisements from multiple sources and over a longer period of time, and to have had a ten‐year gap between the two sets of data. However, the data gathering was a very time‐consuming process which limited the scope of the data gathered.Practical implicationsPractitioners need to consider how the training and development/HRD role is represented to the external world and the implications this has for the perceived image of the profession. Further, given the amount of resources invested in the recruitment process, those compiling job advertisements need to take care to ensure that the final product accurately reflects what is required of the post and incorporates any changes to the role over time.Originality/valueFirst study to use training and development/HRD job advertisements to examine the ways in which the role of training and development has changed.
Action reflection learning: a learning methodology based on common sense
Authors: Rimanoczy Isabel 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the origins and evolution of action reflection learning, a methodology of learning developed over the last 30 years by practitioners working with the MiL Institute in Sweden and LIM, Leadership in International Management LLC.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a descriptive exploratory qualitative study conducted by the author to explore the principles and elements of ARL. The research included a literature review, a survey and interviews with 23 ARL practitioners from Europe, USA and Latin America. The paper presents the elements identified in that study and the assumptions on which the ARL approach is grounded.FindingsWhile the elements can be related to a broad body of knowledge and conceptual theories, the ARL practice has evolved almost oblivious of scholarly models, raising interesting questions about the usefulness for adult educators of theoretical frameworks, as well as the development process of what is called “common sense”.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the value of practitioners' judgment, and questions the connection between theories and practice, when theoretical frameworks are not applied as academics would like to see them used. Teachers, instructors, facilitators and other professionals involved with designing and implementing learning scenarios will find a new perspective to their practice.
Library Review: a popular magazine on libraries and literature
Authors: MacLeod Robert D. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo give a snapshot of a noteworthy event in library history – the launch of the first issue of Libray Review, in 1927.Design/methodology/approachThe article is a reproduction of the first editorial notes.FindingsThe notes illustrate the policy of the magazine as that of helping to advance the standard of library service by helping all who administer or minister to the service. It aimed to associate the message of the book with all kinds of social educational effort.Originality/valueThe article provides historical information for information professionals.
Reviewing libraries and librarianship: what has changed in 80 years?
Authors: McMenemy David 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revisit the Editorial from the first ever issue of Library Review on the 80th anniversary of the journal and discuss whether the issues described in 1927 remain relevant in 2007 and what new issues may be concerning librarians in the 21st century.Design/methodology/approachThe article is a reflective viewpoint.FindingsThat the ethos of librarianship espoused by R.D. MacLeod in 1927 resonates today, and that while the terminology may change, areas of reflection in librarianship remain similar, even while new challenges present themselves.Practical implicationsThe emphasis is on reflection and review and as such the paper calls for the wider profession to maintain and improve on standards of reflective practice and championing of values.Originality/valueReflecting on viewpoints expressed at the founding of the journal, the article reflects on historic and contemporary concerns.
The restructuring of the portal at the Institut Pasteur Library: a case study
Authors: Medawar Katia 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo describe the restructuring project of the portal BioLib at the Institut Pasteur Library in Paris and to share experiences with others facing similar challenges.Design/methodology/approachProvides an outline of the history and the steps followed during the initial project (2001), an evaluation of the use of the portal and the stages in restructuring the portal for its subsequent relaunch in 2006.FindingsThe initial portal was not used because of lack of a friendly interface and poor content. Information is provided about the concept and functionalities of a portal, what can go wrong, and how to make it survive.Originality/valueA useful source of information for professionals wishing to develop a portal or conduct a similar project with the “dos” and “taboos” to take into account.
Dietary advice based on food‐specific IgG results
Authors: Hardman Geoffrey , Hart Gillian 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo provide evidence that elimination diet based on food‐specific IgG test results is an effective, reliable and valid aid to the management of chronic medical conditions.Design/methodology/approachA postal survey, commissioned by Allergy UK, was carried out with 5,286 subjects reporting a wide range of chronic medical conditions, who had taken a food‐specific IgG enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay blood test. Questionnaires, issued three months after the results, were analysed to investigate the effect of eliminating the foods identified by the test. To check for response bias, a separate group of patients who had not responded were interviewed by telephone. The analysis and reporting of the data was carried out at the University of York.Findings – Of patients who rigorously followed the diet 75.8 per cent had a noticeable improvement in their condition. Of patients who benefited from following the recommendations 68.2 per cent felt the benefit within three weeks. Those who reported more than one condition were more likely to report noticeable improvement. 81.5 per cent of those that dieted rigorously and reported three or more co‐morbidities showed noticeable improvement in their condition. For those who dieted rigorously and reported high benefit, 92.3 per cent noticed a return of symptoms on reintroduction of the offending foods.Originality/valueThese data provide evidence for the use of elimination diet based on food‐specific IgG blood test results as an aid to management of the symptoms of a range of chronic medical conditions.