bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical Implantable Collamer Lens with Postoperative Adjunctive LASIK in the Treatment of High Compound Hyperopic Astigmatism
Authors: Li Daniel Q. , Gauvin Mathieu , Rocha Guillermo , Wallerstein Avi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess refractive and visual outcomes of a spherical Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) followed by planned postoperative adjunctive laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of high compound hyperopic astigmatism.
Methods
In this prospective, multi-center, multi-surgeon, consecutive observational case series, eyes with ≥ 3.50 D hyperopia and ≥ 2.00 D of astigmatism underwent surgery receiving a spherical Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) followed by a planned adjunctive LASIK postoperatively. Outcomes measures included postoperative uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, spherical (SEQ) and defocus equivalent (DEQ), efficacy index, safety index, and astigmatism vector analyses.
Results
48 eyes had a mean sphere of 6.18 ± 1.35 D and mean cylinder of 2.69 ± 0.89 D preoperatively. After ICL and LASIK, 94% of eyes achieved a UDVA within 1 line of preoperative CDVA. Efficacy and safety indices were 0.94 ± 0.13 and 1.00 ± 0.13, respectively. We obtained near-to-emmetropia SEQ postoperatively (mean − 0.03 ± 0.43D), and the scatterplot of attempted versus achieved refractive correction revealed a predictable procedure (R2 = 0.89). 93.8% and 100% of eyes achieved target SEQ within 0.75 and 1.00 D. 87.5% and 100% of eyes were within 0.50 and 0.75 D of intended plano cylinder.
Conclusion
Spherical ICL with postoperative adjunctive LASIK was safe with good early visual and refractive outcomes. The combined modality is a promising approach to treating high compound hyperopic astigmatism where toric hyperopic ICL is not available.
Physical exercise in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: a systematic review with meta- analysis
Authors: Pedroni Anderson Sartor , Perius Carine Andressa , Penna Giana Berleze , Macagnan Fabricio Edler 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: To review literature data demonstrating preservation of cardiac function in patients participating in exercise when initiating cardiotoxic anticancer therapy.
Methods: LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science, without filters for year of publication or languages. Study selection: Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were selected that included outcomes assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain index (GLS) comparing physical training concomitant with antineoplastic therapy to usual treatment.
Results: Four studies were included, totaling 137 individuals (51.5±8.5 years). Three studies combined training (resistance and aerobic) and exclusive aerobic training. All studies were performed on breast cancer patients. The data did not show protection from physical exercise on LVEF (MD: 1.37 [-0.84, 3.59]; p=0.23, I2:55%) and GLS (MD: 0.21 [-0.84, 1.26]; p=0.69, I2:49%). However, the reduction in VO2peak was greater in the control group (14%) compared to the intervention group (5%). Limitations: Clinical trials evaluating the cardioprotective effects of exercise on cardiac function are rare and heterogeneous.
Conclusion: Physical exercise performed at the start of cardiotoxic antineoplastic treatment does not alter echocardiographic markers of cardiac function. However, no dysfunctional changes were observed in this population in the time period investigated. The preventive role of exercise on functionality during this phase of treatment strengthens the evidence for peripheral benefits that have been widely recognized in the literature.
Mapping of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Isodose in Sabah State, Malaysia
Authors: Solleh Mohd Rafi Mohd , Sanusi Mohamad Syazwan Mohd , Idris Hairul Nizam , Yacob Mohd Zaini , Yahaya Faizal Bin , Wee Boon Siong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research has been conducted to achieved data of background level of terrestrial gamma radiation for Sabah State. This research is conducted with a sampling technique where sampling location is selected according to soil type, geology, and minerals. Results were analyzed as geospatial to map the terrestrial gamma radiation isodose. The results of measurement at 1,054 locations showed that the min dose rate of terrestrial gamma radiation for Sabah State is 73 ± 1 nGyhr-1. This value is nearly the min global dose rate estimated by UNSCEAR which is 59 nGyhr-1. However, it is lower when compared to min dose rate measured in Peninsular Malaysia which is 190 ± 1 nGyhr-1. The highest dose rate measured is 190 nGyhr-1 in Lobong-lobong village near to Mount Kinabalu (igneous zone) and the lowest dose rate was 5 nGyhr-1 measured at Pulau Mabul. The existence of few location with high and low terrestrial gamma radiation anomaly is because of the difference geology background and soil types from lithology system in Sabah State. Isolated cases of high terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate is because of high natural radioactivity soil coming from plutonic and volcanic that existed as a separated debris. Measured gamma radiation dose level in Sabah is low because of domination by rock lithology with low radioactivity from metamorphic and sedimentation types. This low dose is classified as the normal dose level for ionized radiation coming from environment. Exposure by public from terrestrial gamma radiation in Sabah State does not producing dangers to public's health. The data from this research is important as a base data for terrestrial gamma radiation level. At present, this data is never established at federal level although it is important as a reference for government in conducting studies e.g., laws enforcement on the usage of radioactive materials or to address the Licensing Act for nuclear industry. On top of that, the results from this research such as isodose map could convince the public that the Government of Malaysia had information and scientific data towards radiation safety especially nuclear waste issues.
A hybrid regularization method for identifying the source term and the initial value simultaneously for fractional pseudo-parabolic equations with involution *
Authors: Liang Ying-Qing , Yang Fan , Li Xiao-Xiao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we study the problem of identifying source term and initial value simultaneously for fractional pseudo-parabolic equations with involution. This is an ill-posed problem and the conditional stability is given. A hybrid regularization method, which combines the modified quasi-inverse and the modified quasi-initial value, is used to deal with the inverse problem. The error estimates of the exact solution and the regularization solution are given respectively under the priori and the posteriori regularization parameter choice rules. Several numerical examples are presented to certify the hybrid regularization method is effective.
Modeling cardiac microcirculation for the simulation of coronary flow and 3D myocardial perfusion
Authors: Pelagi Giovanni Montino , Regazzoni Francesco , Huyghe Jacques M , Baggiano Andrea , Alì Marco , Bertoluzza Silvia , Valbusa Giovanni , Pontone Gianluca , Vergara Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose: accurate modeling of blood dynamics in the coronary microcirculation is a crucial step towards the clinical application of in silico methods for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this work, we present a new mathematical model of microcirculatory hemodynamics accounting for microvasculature compliance and cardiac contraction; we also present its application to a full simulation of hyperemic coronary blood flow and 3D myocardial perfusion in real clinical cases.
Methods: microvasculature hemodynamics is modeled with a compliant multi-compartment Darcy formulation, with the new compli- ance terms depending on the local intramyocardial pressure generated by cardiac contraction. Nonlinear analytical relationships for vessels distensibility are included based on experimental data, and all the parameters of the model are reformulated based on histo-logically relevant quantities, allowing a deeper model personalization.
Results: Phasic flow patterns of high arterial inflow in diastole and venous outflow in systole are obtained, with flow waveforms morphology and pressure distribution along the microcirculation reproduced in accordance with experimental and in vivo measures. Phasic diameter change for arterioles and capillaries is also obtained with relevant differences depending on the depth location. Coronary blood dynamics exhibits a disturbed flow at the systolic onset, while the obtained 3D perfusion maps reproduce the systolic impediment effect and show relevant regional and transmural heterogeneities in myocardial blood flow (MBF).
Conclusion: the proposed model successfully reproduces microvasculature hemodynamics over the whole heartbeat and along the entire intramural vessels. Quantification of phasic flow patterns, diameter changes, regional and transmural heterogeneities in MBF represent key steps ahead in the direction of the predictive simulation of cardiac perfusion.
Neonatal Syringe Pumps in Zambia: a Multisite Cross-Sectional Case Study
Authors: Norton Oliver , Jha Prashant , Kazuma Seke , Lupupa Mumbi , Mmwamba Esther 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The global neonatal mortality rate is due to miss the third Sustainable Development Goal of 12 deaths per 100 live births by 2030. However, medical devices can play a crucial role in improving the quality of care given to neonates, helping to reduce the rate further.
Methods: This study focuses on determining the availability of syringe pumps to newborns in Zambia and whether this correlates to reduced neonatal mortality rates. Inventories of syringe pumps on 11 neonatal intensive care units (NICU), paediatric intensive care units (PICU), and paediatric high dependency units (PHDU) were conducted at 7 different hospitals. Neonatal mortality data for the second quarter of 2023, when the study was conducted, was requested from the hospitals.
Results: At least 1 syringe pump was available at 5 of the hospitals, however, syringe pumps were only available in 3 of the 7 NICUs. Only 3 of the 18 syringe pumps were found in the Copperbelt region, despite 5 of the hospitals being in this region. The largest syringe pump-to-bed ratio was 0.50 on the Livingstone University Teaching Hospital PHDU, while there were no syringe pumps in 6 of the wards. The Pearson correlation, between syringe pump-to-bed ratios and the mortality rates, was 0.16 while the Spearman was 0.38. A larger, multi-country study is needed to confirm these results.
Conclusions: In Zambia, there is a disproportionate availability of syringe pumps, for neonatal and paediatric care, in the central Lusaka and Southern regions compared to the Copperbelt region in the north.
Predictors of active pulmonary tuberculosis among hospitalized patients with atypical symptom and sign and underlying diseases having impact on the outcome of the COVID-19
Authors: Chen Chia-Hung , Kuo I-Ling , Huang Wan-Ting , Hsu Lin-Yi , Huang Hui-Hsuan , Huang Cheng-Yueh , Yeh Jun-Jun , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to focus on the diagnostic use of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to identify active pulmonary tuberculosis (aPTB) with atypical symptom and sign among the hospitalized patients with the underlying diseases having the impact on the outcome of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
Within the study period (2018.01.01-2021.12.31), for patients with underlying diseases having the impact on the outcome of the COVID-19, chest –x-ray (CXR) / HRCT scans along with their patients’ charts were reviewed. These patients (n = 4,380) were classified into the [aPTB] group I (G1, n = 277) and pulmonary disease without aPTB (G2, n = 4103). Lung morphology, and lobar (segmental) distribution using CXR/HRCT, the underlying diseases and clinical symptom/sign were analyzed. To identify independent variables associated with G1, multivariate analysis was performed. Independent variables were used to generate prediction scores, which were used to develop models for predicting G1.
Results
For the HRCT model, multivariate analysis revealed cavitation, clusters nodules/mass (CNM) of the right/left upper lobe or ground-glass opacity were useful predictors for the G1. The negative predictive value of the HRCT model, and the CNM model for the GI were 99.3%, and 97.5%, respectively. However, the CNM model has the highest positive predictive value of 95.4%.
Conclusions
The CNM model may play an auxiliary role for the identification of G1 with atypical symptom and sign among the patients with underlying diseases having the impact on the outcome of the COVID-19.
Assessment of fall risk in the home environment of Korean older adults: revision and validation of the K-HOME FAST
Authors: Kim Gwang Suk , Park Min Kyung , Kim Layoung , Lee Jae Jun , Kim Namhee , Yang Seung Bum , Lee Ji Yeon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Most older adults experience a fall inside their house. To prevent such falls, specially designed screening tools are required to assess fall risk in the home environment. Because the home environment varies based on culture and time, these tools must be regularly modified and validated. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Revised K-HOME FAST (Korean version of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool) and evaluate its validity and reliability.
Methods: The Revised K-HOME FAST was developed in these phases: 1) development of the Revised K-HOME FAST, 2) feasibility test, 3) verification of content validity, and 4) data collection and verification of reliability. Verification of content validity involved the participation of ten experts. Internal consistency was confirmed by conducting home-visit assessments with 211 community-dwelling older adults who had experienced at least one fall in the local community. Verification of inter-rater reliability involved six investigators forming pairs and conducting individual evaluations of the homes of 20 older adults with a history of falls.
Results: The final Revised K-HOME FAST consisted of 25 items categorized into seven home areas: bathroom/toilet, bedroom, living room, kitchen, stairs, entrance, and entire house. The item-content validity index of the Revised K-HOME FASTranged from 0.8 to 1.0, except for one item. The internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson Formula 20) of the Revised K-HOME FAST was .65. The agreement percentage for each item ranged from 92% to 100%, and the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.79 to 1.00, indicating high inter-rater reliability.
Conclusions: The Revised K-HOME FAST has satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing the risk of falls in the home environment of community-dwelling older adults in Korea. By incorporating the characteristics of Korea, the Revised K-HOME FAST is positioned to contribute substantially to the reduction of home fall risks for Korea’s aging population.
Association between B-type natriuretic peptide levels after the first dose of cyclophosphamide and early cardiac events and transplantation outcomes
Authors: Chiu Chang-Fang , Chen Tzu-Ting , Lin Ching-Chan , Wang Shing-Ting , Chen Chia-Yu , Lin Mei-Chan , Yeh Su-Peng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has proven to be an effective approach for preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after haploidentical HSCT. However, PTCy is associated with toxicities. It has been reported to be associated with a higher incidence of early cardiac events (ECEs) occurring during the first 100 days after HSCT. We performed a retrospective study including patients (187 patients) who underwent haploidentical peripheral stem cell transplantation between January 1, 2013, and October 13, 2022 in our institute. All patients received post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) as part of Graft versus Host disease prophylaxis. We investigated the association between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and ECEs after PTCy. The study found that elevated BNP levels (> 530 pg/ml) on day 4 after the first dose of PTCy were significantly correlated with ECEs (3-month cumulative incidence: 54% vs. 4.5%). Patients with high BNP levels also had a higher risk of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and worse overall survival (OS) (3-year NRM: high BNP levels vs. low BNP levels: 66% vs. 28%, p = 0.001; 3-year OS: high BNP levels vs. low BNP levels: 12% vs. 38%, p = 0.011 ). These findings suggest that BNP levels may be a useful biomarker for predicting PTCy-induced cardiotoxicity in HSCT patients.
A Model of Housing Demand Determinant in Owerri Urban, Imo State Nigeria
Authors: Kalu Abaraikwu Obialo , Nwankwo Stephen Ikpendu , Nwankwo Chidiuto Victoria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Despite the usual housing demand pattern in Nigeria- income, distance family preferences, gender; Owerri urban housing choice and demand characterization exhibited beyond that. The study adopted questionnaire method by using systematic sampling technique. 252 questionnaires were distributed and 174 questionnaires returned, five-point-rating method were used to rate the responses of respondents. X2 technique was used to analyze data collected. Analysis of the perception of the sampled population in Owerri urban revealed that income, distance, family preference, gender, were not the major housing demand determinants with p-value of 0.000 less than α level of 0.05, while age has a p-value of 0.006 less than α level of 0.05, nevertheless positive but H0 is accepted with some reservations. Analysis also showed that accessibility, security and location to the house triggers unquenched housing demand determinants to housing choice and demand in Owerri Urban which were translated into proposed model for housing demand pattern (HDP) using seven variables as major determinant factors for housing demand in Owerri Urban and beyond. DHk-1 = f {yk + dk + pk + gk + ek + ak+ lk + ………. Kn}.The study suggested that stakeholders should establish the open Registration System (ORS) to capture demand before eligibility and allocation is awarded to housing demandees in Owerri Urban.
Development of an Innovative Mix-Probe for Spatio-Temporal Measurements of Vorticity Fluctuations in the IR-T1 Tokamak
Authors: Mahjour Mahdi , Lafouti Mansoureh , Ghoranneviss Mahmood , Salem Mohammad Kazem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper, Mix- Probe is designed and fabricated for the first time in IR-T1 Tokamak. The spatio-temporal variation of vorticity fluctuations (\(\stackrel{\sim}{\omega })\), blob size, velocity, radial turbulent transport ( \({\stackrel{\sim}{{\Gamma }}}_{r})\), and electron temperature can be measured by this probe. The emphasis of this paper is on measuring. \({\stackrel{\sim}{\text{I}}}_{\text{s}\text{a}\text{t}}\) at the edge of the IR-T1 tokamak. The data collected by a Mix- Probe was analyzed using various methods such as Fast Fourier Transport (FFT), spectrogram, and cross-correlation. \({\stackrel{\sim}{\text{I}}}_{\text{s}\text{a}\text{t}}\) behaves differently compared to \(\stackrel{\sim}{\omega }\). Roughly in the region where \(\stackrel{\sim}{\omega }\) have maximum amplitude, amplitude of \({\stackrel{\sim}{\text{I}}}_{\text{s}\text{a}\text{t}}\) is reduced. By calculating the shearing rate ( \({\gamma }_{E\times B}\)), it was observed that the typical patterns of \(\stackrel{\sim}{\omega }\) and \({\gamma }_{E\times B}\) are similar. \({\stackrel{\sim}{\text{I}}}_{\text{s}\text{a}\text{t}}\) exhibits distinct behavior when compared to \({\gamma }_{E\times B}\). When \({\gamma }_{E\times B}\) reaches its maximum, \(\stackrel{\sim}{\omega }\) also reaches its peak, but \({\stackrel{\sim}{\text{I}}}_{\text{s}\text{a}\text{t}}\)remains at a minimum. Moreover, the cross correlation between \(\stackrel{\sim}{\omega }\) and \({\stackrel{\sim}{{\Gamma }}}_{r}\) was higher than the cross correlation between \({\stackrel{\sim}{\text{I}}}_{\text{s}\text{a}\text{t}}\) and \({\stackrel{\sim}{{\Gamma }}}_{r}\), as observed by calculating cross correlation.
Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Dysfunction in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective Observational Study with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Hongyi , Liu Anqi , Ni Yifei , Wang Jianping , Han Yueyin , Xie Bingbing , Geng Jing , Ren Yanhong , Zhang Rongguo , Liu Min , Dai Huaping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective: Respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a big challenge for treatment and rehabilitation nursing. To quantitatively assess diaphragm and chest wall dysfunction using dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (D-MRI) in patients with IPF.
Methods: Ninety-six patients with IPF and 50 gender- and age-matched controls were prospectively included and underwent D-MRI with a dynamic fast spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence Respiratory Muscles function were assessed with thoracic anterior-posterior (AP), left-right (LR), cranial-caudal (CC), and lung area ratios, height (DH) and area (DA) of diaphragm curvature between end-inspiration and end-expiration during quiet and deep breathing.
Results: During quiet breathing, the functional metrics of the diaphragm and chest wall were comparable between IPF patients and controls. However, during deep breathing, IPF patients exhibited significantly reduced ratios of AP, CC, and lung area compared to controls. Moreover, the median ratios of DH and DA were higher in IPF patients than in controls (DH: 0.96 vs 0.81, p<0.001; DA: 1.00 vs 0.90, p<0.001). Furthermore, the ratios of AP, CC, and lung area during deep breathing were found to correlate with pulmonary function, total lung volume, and 6-minute walk distance.
Conclusion: D-MRI demonstrated dysfunction of the diaphragm and chest wall in IPF patients and respiratory muscle dysfunction correlates with the severity of IPF.