bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the implication of exponentially decaying internal heat generation on mixed convection flow from a vertical porous plate influenced by second‐order thermal and momentum slips
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Samaila Gabriel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article contains vital information on the internal heat generation effect on mixed convection slip flow past a vertical plate. The partial differential equations were first simplified to ordinary differential equations through similarity transformation. The simplified first‐order differential equations were integrated with Maple Software 2022 after utilizing the shooting technique. One of the most important discoveries is that the internal heat generation acts as a barrier to stop heat from flowing from the left to right plate edge. However, this could be averted by considering strong mixed convection to covet away the heat conducted through the left surface of the plate and the internal heat generated. However, for weak mixed convection, the movement of the fluid from the left to the right surface of the plate is achievable even with minimal internal heat generation. Since the right surface temperature is warmer (higher) than the left surface, the flow properties, in this case, are also affected by the internal heat generation, which also causes the reverse of heat flow from the plate. Particle injection could also be used to avert unwanted reversed flow for various momentum slip conditions considered. There is a marginal reverse flow at the plate surface, which may be related to the flow's mixed convective characteristics. Due to the plate surface's reinforcement, the rise in flow formation caused by the momentum slip parameter is more substantial close to the plate.
Incremental Adaptation or Generational Shift?
Authors: Ing David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs Industry 4.0 matures, what’s next? A generational shift to 5.0? Or an incremental adaptation to 4.x? Systems changes may involve both Socio-Technical Systems (STS) changes and Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) changes. Distinctions are explored historically circa 1492 with The Age of Discovery and Industry 0.0, evolving through centuries before a 1.0 Industrial Revolution. From the late twentieth century, The Age of Information was led by STS changes bringing a service economy and a knowledge society. Into 2024, polycrisis appears to be building with SES changes of natural disruptions due to climate change and the pandemic. Prospects for 2030 see eras of a maturing 4.x and emerging 5.0 alongside each other, with uncertainty as to which system characterizes the period.
The ALE partition functions of M-strings
Authors: Del Zotto Michele , Lockhart Guglielmo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We compute the equivariant partition function of the six-dimensional M-string SCFTs on a background with the topology of a product of a two-dimensional torus and an ALE singularity. We determine the result by exploiting BPS strings probing the singularity, whose worldvolume theories we determine via a chain of string dualities. A distinguished feature we observe is that for this class of background the BPS strings’ worldsheet theories become relative field theories that are sensitive to finer discrete data generalizing to 6d the familiar choices of flat connections at infinity for instantons on ALE spaces. We test our proposal against a conjectural 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) generalization of the Nekrasov master formula, as well as against known results on ALE partition functions in four dimensions.
Correlation functions for open strings and chaos
Authors: Ðukić Vladan , Čubrović Mihailo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the holographic interpretation of the bulk instability, i.e. the bulk Lyapunov exponent in the motion of open classical bosonic strings in AdS black hole/brane/string backgrounds. In the vicinity of homogeneous and isotropic horizons the bulk Lyapunov exponent saturates the MSS chaos bound but in fact has nothing to do with chaos as our string configurations live in an integrable sector. In the D1-D5-p black string background, the bulk Lyapunov exponent is deformed away from the MSS value both by the rotation (the infrared deformation) and the existence of an asymptotically flat region (the ultraviolet deformation). The dynamics is still integrable and has nothing to do with chaos (either in gravity or in field theory). Instead, the bulk Lyapunov scale captures the imaginary part of quasinormal mode frequencies. Therefore, the meaning of the bulk chaos is that it determines the thermal decay rate due to the coupling to the heat bath, i.e. the horizon.
Supersymmetric Casimir energy on $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 conformal supergravity backgrounds
Authors: Panopoulos Pantelis , Papadimitriou Ioannis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We provide a first principles derivation of the supersymmetric Casimir energy of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs in four dimensions using the supercharge algebra on general conformal supergravity backgrounds that admit Killing spinors. The superconformal Ward identities imply that there exists a continuous family of conserved R-currents on supersymmetric backgrounds, as well as a continuous family of conserved currents for each conformal Killing vector. These continuous families interpolate between the consistent and covariant R-current and energy-momentum tensor. The resulting Casimir energy, therefore, depends on two continuous parameters corresponding to the choice of conserved currents used to define the energy and R-charge. This ambiguity is in addition to any possible scheme dependence due to local terms in the effective action. As an application, we evaluate the general expression for the supersymmetric Casimir energy we obtain on a family of backgrounds with the cylinder topology ℝ × S3 and admitting a single Majorana supercharge. Our result is a direct consequence of the supersymmetry algebra, yet it resembles more known expressions for the non-supersymmetric Casimir energy on such backgrounds and differs from the supersymmetric Casimir energy obtained from the zero temperature limit of supersymmetric partition functions. We defer a thorough analysis of the relation between these results to future work.
Wird der Einsatz der virtuellen Realität in der HNO-Heilkunde-Lehre von Studierenden automatisch positiv bewertet?
Authors: Offergeld C. , Kuhn S. , Kromeier J. , Heermann S. , Widder A. , Flayyih O. , Everad F. , Knopf A. , Albrecht T. , Burkhardt V. , Hildenbrand T. , Ramackers W. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Analog zu anderen Fachdisziplinen hat auch die digitale HNO-Heilkunde-Lehre deutliche Fortschritte während der Pandemiezeit verzeichnen können. So waren die HNO-Kliniken bundesweit vergleichsweise zeitig in der Lage, ein komplettes virtuelles Lehrangebot, auch unter Einsatz von innovativen Formaten, aufzubieten. Dies wurde entsprechend in studentischen Lehrevaluationen gewürdigt. Durch den zwischenzeitlich vermehrten Einsatz der virtuellen Realität (VR) in der Lehre sollte eine höhere Zufriedenheit durch eine Verbesserung der Lehrqualität zu erwarten sein.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden Studierende (n = 180) nach Absolvierung des HNO-Blockpraktikums im Sommersemester 2023 mittels standardisiertem Fragenbogen befragt. Ziel der Evaluation war es, die Zufriedenheit und die Einschätzung der Effektivität der neu implementierten Methode VR zu ermitteln. Die VR wurde zur Vermittlung der Ohranatomie und der Koniotomie eingesetzt. Vergleichend wurde die VR mit den Inhalt Koniotomie auch bei Assistenzärzt:innen eingesetzt und evaluiert.

Ergebnisse
Die Lehrveranstaltung wurde mit einem Mittelwert von 11,7 auf einer Punkteskala bis 15 (wie in der Oberstufe der Schulen) von den Studierenden positiv wahrgenommen. Die Effektivität und der Stellenwert des Einsatzes der VR im HNO-Lernportfolio wurden von den Studierenden unterschiedlich bewertet und fand nicht den erwarteten uneingeschränkten Zuspruch. Anders gestaltete sich die Beurteilung bei den Assistenzärzt:innen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die VR stellt einen innovativen und vielseitigen Baustein im Lehrportfolio der HNO-Heilkunde dar. Diese neue Lehrmethode wird als zukunftsorientiertes Tool angesehen und akzeptiert. Dabei votierten die beteiligten Ärzte durchweg positiv, während die Studierenden im individuellen und subjektiven Bereich eher kritische Beurteilungen abgaben und Limitationen aufzeigten. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu den von den Interessenvertretungen der Studierenden geforderten Weiterentwicklung innovativer Lehrmethoden.
Pumping Lemmas Can be “Harmful”
Authors: Xie Jingnan , Hunt III Harry B. , Stearns Richard E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA pumping lemma for a class of languages $$\varvec{\mathcal {C}}$$

C

is often used to show particular languages are not in $$\varvec{\mathcal {C}}$$

C

. In contrast, we show that a pumping lemma for a class of languages $$\varvec{\mathcal {C}}$$

C

can be used to study the computational complexity of the predicate “$$\in \varvec{\mathcal {C}}$$

∈

C

” via highly efficient many-one reductions. In this paper, we use extended regular expressions (EXREGs, introduced in Câmpeanu et al. (Int. J. Foundations Comput. Sci. 14(6), 1007–1018, 2003)) as an example to illustrate the proof technique and establish the complexity of the predicate “is an EXREG language” for several classes of languages. Due to the efficiency of the reductions, both productiveness (a stronger form of non-recursive enumerability) and complexity results can be obtained simultaneously. For example, we show that the predicate “is an EXREG language” is productive (hence, not recursively enumerable) for context-free grammars, and is Co-NEXPTIME-hard for context-free grammars generating bounded languages. The proof technique is easy to use and requires only a few conditions. This suggests that for any class of languages $$\varvec{\mathcal {C}}$$

C

having a pumping lemma, the language class comparison problems (e.g., does a given context-free grammar generate a language in $$\varvec{\mathcal {C}}$$

C

?) are almost guaranteed to be hard. So, pumping lemmas sometimes could be “harmful” when studying computational complexity results.
Study on impact of robotic-assisted orthopaedic industrial noise (SIREN)
Authors: Goffin Joaquim , MacRae Emma , Farrow Luke , Whittaker Duncan , Dixon James , Rankin Iain , Krishnamurthy Anjan , Stevenson Iain 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate noise exposure to the operating room staff consisting of the surgeon, assistant, anaesthetist and Mako Product Specialist (MPS) during Mako robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). We aimed to determine whether employees were exposed to noise at or above a lower exposure action value (LEAV) set out by the Noise at Work Regulations 2005, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK.

Materials and methods
We prospectively recorded intra-operative noise levels in Mako robotic-arm assisted TKA and THA over a period of two months using the MicW i436 connected to an iOS device (Apple), using the Sound Level Meter App (iOS) by the National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH). Data obtained was then used to calculate “worst case” daily exposure value to assess if sound levels were compliant with UK guidelines. Comparison between operating room staff groups was performed with ANOVA testing.

Results
A total of 19 TKA and 11 THA operations were recorded. During TKA, for the primary surgeon and the assistant, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq) was over 80 dB, exceeding the LEAV set out by the Noise at Work Regulations by HSE. During THA, the average LAeq and peak sound pressure levels did not exceed the LEAV. The calculated daily exposure for the primary surgeon in TKA was 82 dB. A Tukey post hoc test revealed that LAeq was statistically significantly lower in the anaesthetist and MPS (p < .001) compared to the primary surgeon and assistant in both TKA and THA.

Conclusions
Operating room staff, particularly the primary surgeon and assistant are exposed to significant levels of noise during Mako robotic-arm assisted TKA and THA. Formal assessments should be performed to further assess the risk of noise induced hearing loss in robotic-arm assisted arthroplasty.
Low platelet count at diagnosis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is correlated with the severity of disease and renal prognosis
Authors: Jin Yanli , Wang Fangyuan , Tang Jiale , Luo Liying , Huang Lingyu , Zhou Fangyu , Qi Enyu , Hu Xinyue , Deng Shuanglinzi , Ge Huan , Jiang Yuanyuan , Feng Juntao , Li Xiaozhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease that involves inflammation of blood vessels. There is increasing evidence that platelets play a crucial role not only in hemostasis but also in inflammation and innate immunity. In this study, we explored the relationship between platelet count, clinical characteristics, and the prognosis of patients with AAV. We divided 187 patients into two groups based on their platelet count. Clinicopathological data and prognostic information were retrospectively gathered from medical records. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for prognosis, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality. The cutoff point for platelet count was set at 264.5 × 109/L, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting progression to ESRD in patients with AAV. We observed patients with low platelet count (platelets < 264.5 × 109/L) had lower leukocytes, hemoglobin, complement, acute reactants, and worse renal function (P for eGFR < 0.001). They were also more likely to progress to ESRD or death compared to the high platelet count group (platelets > 264.5 × 109/L) (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0338, respectively). Low platelet count was potentially an independent predictor of poor renal prognosis in the multivariate regression analysis [HR 1.670 (95% CI 1.019–2.515), P = 0.014]. Lower platelet count at diagnosis is associated with more severe clinical characteristics and impaired renal function. Therefore, platelet count may be an accessible prognostic indicator for renal outcomes in patients with AAV.
Making sense of farmland biodiversity management: an evaluation of a farmland biodiversity management communication strategy with farmers
Authors: Leader Aoife , Kinsella James , O’Brien Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiodiversity is a valuable resource that supports sustainability within agricultural systems, yet in contradiction to this agriculture is recognised as a contributor to biodiversity loss. Agricultural advisory services are institutions that support sustainable agricultural development, employing a variety of approaches including farmer discussion groups in doing so. This study evaluates the impact of a farmland biodiversity management (FBM) communication strategy piloted within Irish farmer discussion groups. A sensemaking lens was applied in this objective to gain an understanding of how this strategy could create an actionable space for FBM promotion amongst farmers. The strategy was piloted with six Irish dairy farmer discussion groups, after which focus groups were conducted with members of these groups. Additionally, baseline and endline surveys were completed by the members to determine their knowledge, attitude and on-farm practices relating to FBM. Analysis of the focus group data identified that the communication strategy supported the affordance of sensemaking with respect to FBM. Analysis of the data from the baseline and endline surveys relating to knowledge, attitudes and practices found that engaging with the communication strategy promoted farmers to improve their attitude in relation to FBM. Results from this study provide important lessons for agricultural advisory services to support farmers in incorporating FBM into the overall management of their farms and, in turn, to promote the improvement of farmland biodiversity and contribute to a sustainable future.
Numerical Study of Ignition and Combustion of Hydrogen-Enriched Methane in a Sequential Combustor
Authors: Impagnatiello Matteo , Malé Quentin , Noiray Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIgnition and combustion behavior in the second stage of a sequential combustor are investigated numerically at atmospheric pressure for pure $${\text{CH}}_{4}$$

CH
4

fueling and for two $${\text{CH}}_{4}$$

CH
4

-$${\text{H}}_{2}$$

H
2

fuel blends in 24:1 and 49:1 mass ratios , respectively, using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Pure $${\text{CH}}_{4}$$

CH
4

fueling results in a turbulent propagating flame anchored by the hot gas recirculation zones developed near the inlet of the sequential combustion chamber. As the $${\text{H}}_{2}$$

H
2

content increases, the combustion process changes drastically, with multiple auto-ignition kernels produced upstream of the main flame brush. Analysis of the explosive modes indicates that, for the highest $${\text{H}}_{2}$$

H
2

amount investigated, flame stabilization in the combustion chamber is strongly supported by auto-ignition chemistry. The analysis of fuel decomposition pathways highlights that radicals advected from the first stage flame, in particular OH, induce a rapid fuel decomposition and cause the reactivity enhancement that leads to auto-ignition upstream of the sequential flame. This behavior is promoted by the relatively large mass fraction of OH radicals found in the flow reaching the second stage, which is approximately one order of magnitude greater than it would be at chemical equilibrium. The importance of the out-of-equilibrium vitiated air on the ignition behavior is proven via an additional LES that features weak auto-ignition kernel formation when equilibrium is artificially imposed. It is therefore concluded that parameters affecting the relaxation towards chemical equilibrium of the vitiated flow can have an important influence on the operability of sequential combustors fueled with varying fractions of $${\text{H}}_{2}$$

H
2

blending.
85 years counteracting an invasion: chestnut ecosystems and landscapes survival against ink disease
Authors: Marzocchi Gloria , Maresi Giorgio , Luchi Nicola , Pecori Francesco , Gionni Alessandra , Longa Claudia Maria Oliveira , Pezzi Giovanna , Ferretti Fabrizio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA retrospective examination of early pest and disease outbreaks, such as ink disease, offers new insights into their impact on ecosystems and landscapes. Ink disease, caused by Phytophthora spp., is one of the most destructive diseases affecting Castanea sativa Mill. It first appeared in Europe in the early 18th century, with the initial recorded case in Italy (Piedmont) dating back to 1845. However, its spread instilled significant concerns in several chestnut-growing regions primarily devoted to fruit production. In 1938, a comprehensive assessment of Phytophthora xcambivora outbreaks was conducted in the Bolognese Apennines (Italy), providing a detailed overview of chestnut cultivation status. Thirty-six disease foci were documented, and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of ink disease. To understand the disease’s impact on chestnut ecosystem and landscape over the past 85 years, the 1938 sites were revisited to assess chestnut persistence and phytosanitary status, with Phytophthora species detected using isolation and molecular techniques. Monitoring data revealed that C. sativa still thrives in all but one site, with its wood seemingly able to coexist in dynamic equilibrium with the disease. While P. xcambivora was still detected in several foci, the extent of damage appeared limited. The potential for natural control, likely influenced by the complexity of soil biota, along with the natural spread of hypovirulence in chestnut blight and biological control of the Asian chestnut gall wasp, could explain the continued presence of chestnut in the investigated area and potentially throughout the Italian chestnut range, despite nearly two centuries of ink disease prevalence. Nevertheless, ongoing monitoring is essential to dynamically comprehend the factors at play and their efficacy, particularly in the context of climate change and the possible spread of other Phytophthora species. The survival of chestnut ecosystems amidst ink disease underscores the preservation of the economic, ecological, and landscape values associated with these woodlands.
Diet comparison between sympatric European bison, red deer and fallow deer in a Mediterranean landscape
Authors: Filella Jordi Bartolomé , Morán Fernando , Kemp Yvonne J. M. , Munir Hajra , Gort-Esteve Araceli , Cassinello Jorge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt the end of 2020, 18 European bison (Bison bonasus) were introduced to El Encinarejo estate, in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. This hunting-oriented estate has 956 hectares of dehesa, Mediterranean forest and scrubland in which about 400 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 200 fallow deer (Dama dama) coexist with the bison. To know how trophic resources are used by these herbivore species, faecal samples were collected during the year 2021. The microhistological analysis technique was used to determine the percentage of epidermal fragments of the main functional groups (woody plants, graminoids, legumes and forbs) in each sample. The results showed significant differences between animal species and seasons of the year. Globally, woody plants are preferentially consumed in autumn and winter, graminoids in summer and legumes and forbs in spring. The woody component was the most abundant in the diet of the three species, accounting for 81% of the plant fragments present in red deer faeces, 52% in bison and 38% in fallow deer. This is the first study describing the dietary use of Pistacia lentiscus by European bison, the substantial use throughout all seasons indicates it as a very important diet source. In addition, the interspecific comparison showed that the bison significantly consumed more graminoids (21%), whereas legumes were more present in fallow deer diet (32%). Finally, red deer consumed less forbs than the other two species (8%). It is concluded that there is a certain distribution of trophic resources between the three species that may facilitate their coexistence.