bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis of the parotid gland: clinically indistinguishable from a neoplasm
Authors: Singh Bharath , Maharaj Tejprakash Jugpershad 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTuberculosis of the parotid gland may be clinically indistinguishable from a neoplasm. This poses a problem with regard to management, because the treatment of tuberculosis is medical, whilst that of the majority of tumours is surgical. If radical surgery with resection of a branch or branches of the facial nerve is embarked upon in a patient with tuberculosis, without prior histological diagnosis, unnecessary permanent disability will result.Two cases of tuberculosis of the parotid gland are reported, demonstrating the clinical similarity of tuberculosis to a parotid neoplasm and the absolute need for histological diagnosis before embarking on surgery that will require resection of the branches of the facial nerve.The conclusion is that although tuberculosis of the parotid gland is rare, it still exists and must be thought of as one of the differential diagnoses of a parotid tumour. This must be kept in mind, especially when the decision to sacrifice branches of the facial nerve is indicated, in order to get a tumour-free margin on an excisional biopsy. If the suspicion of tuberculosis is high, a therapeutic trial of antituberculous chemotherapy, for one week, can be diagnostic.
A long-standing cystic lymph node metastasis from occult thyroid carcinoma—report of a case
Authors: Hwang Chung-Feng , Wu Che-Min , Su Chih-Ying , Cheng Liang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe authors describe a patient with a cervical cystic mass present for 14 years which proved to be a cystic metastasis from apapillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. This is probably the first case report of a long-term lateral cervical cyst caused by an occult thyroid carcinoma.
The management of quinsy—a prospective study
Authors: Chowdhury C. R. , Bricknell M. C. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA prospective study for the treatment of quinsy was undertaken between January 1989 and September 1991. This was to determine whether abscess tonsillectomy reduces inpatient stay without increasing operative risk compared to incision and drainage combined with interval tonsillectomy. Fifty-three patients were entered into the study. Twenty-one had abscess tonsillectomy and 32 had incision and drainage. This study showed that there is a 95 per cent probability that abscess tonsillectomy reduces hospital stay by between 2.04 and 4.84 (Student's t test t = 5.01; df = 31, p<0.001) days compared to incision and drainage followed by interval tonsillectomy. This is a significant saving in time and resources. Abscess tonsillectomy reduces patients lost to follow-up, avoids the social inconvenience of a second admission, effectively relieves symptoms, treats a contralateral abscess and is the only method of treating children with a quinsy. We recommend abscess tonsillectomy should be performed for quinsy where expertise and facilities are available.
Branchial cyst—to endoscope or not?
Authors: Bath A. P. , Murty G. E. , Bradley P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCervical cystic metastases are uncommon, originating predominantly from an oropharyngeal primary. Pre-operative differentiation from a branchial cyst can prove difficult. Three cases which presented clinically as branchial cysts but were subsequently found to be cystic metastases are described, and the literature is reviewed. Endoscopy, ipsilateral tonsillectomy and blind biopsies of Waldeyer's ring, combined with excision of the cervical lesion are recommended in patients over 40 years old.
Benign nasal schwannoma
Authors: Donnelly Martin J. , Al-Sader Mohammed Hussain , Blayney Alexander W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNerve sheath tumours of the head and neck region mainly involve the eighth cranial nerve with only 4 per cent occurring in the paranasal sinuses. Only 32 cases of benign schwannomas occurring in the paranasal sinuses have been reported. We present a further case, review the current literature, and discuss the clinical details and specific histological features.
Diffuse tuberculous parotitis
Authors: Rowe-Jones J. M. , Vowles R. , Leighton S. E. J. , Freedman A. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParenchymatous parotid tuberculosis diffusely affecting the entire gland is very rare. We present a case, associated with a primary pulmonary focus, that was confirmed after positive identification of alcohol and acid-fast bacilli in gastric washings. Both sites of infection resolved with quadruple anti-tuberculous chemotherapy.
Combined therapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx: a report of 49 cases
Authors: Hongzheng Sheng , Haixia Jia 
Published: November 2007

From April, 1986 to June 1989 49 Patients (29 male, 20 female) aged 20 to 70 years old whod developed carcinomea of naospharynx (included 15 with relapses) were trated with neoadjuvant regional chemothrapy, followed by radiotherapy, or crysurgery and radiotherapy.Thirty-three of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma with poor differentiated, four with well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were included. Tumours were treated with three moalities: (I) Induction regional chemotherapy with temporal aftery catheterization as well as superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy of the femoral artery (chemotherapeutic agents: pingyangmycinum (P), Cisplatin (D), Vomcromstine (V), Methotrexate (M) and P.D.M. programmes); (2)Liquid cryosurgery in 25 cases; (3) Radiotherapy was carried out for two weeks after crysosurgery after chemotherapy.The date showed CR (complete response—all tumour gone) and PR (partial response—more than 50 percent reduction) in 40 cases (81.6 per cent) and NR (no response—less than 50 per cent or no response) in nine cases (18.3 per cent) following regional chemotherapy. All of the patients were followed up for more than one year, and 48 of them survived (97.9 per cent). Thirty-five cases were followed up over two years and 28 of them survived (80 per cent). Twenty cases were followed up over three years, and 12 of them survived (60 per cent).The effect of regional chemotherapy and crysurgery in combined treatment for carcinoma of the nasopharynx is discussed in this paper.
Radiotherapeutic effect on oropharyngeal flora in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Abu Shara K. A. , Ghareeb M. A. , Zaher S. , Mobacher A. , Khalifa M. Ch. , Saleh S. Z. 
Published: November 2007

The affect of radiotherapy on oropharyngeal bacterial flora was studied in the hope that this might help in controlling post-operative infections in previously irradiated patients. Eighty patients were included from whom swabs were taken before and at the end of irradiation, Swabs were also taken two weeks after treatment in the last 40 patients. Thirty healthy controls were included.It was found that coagulase positiveStaphylococcus aureus, β-haemolytic streptococci, Candida albicans, B.proteus, andPseudomonas aeruginosa, were significantly increased at the end of irradiation, whileKlebsiellawas increased significantly in the period after irradiation. Culture and sensitivity was performed for the organisms isolated in the last 40 patients.From this study it is evident that irradiation has a significant effect on oropharyngeal flora.
Hearing impairment and ear pathology in Nepal
Authors: Little Paul , Bridges Alison , Guragain Rajendra , Friedman Del , Prasad Rakesh , Weir Neil 
Published: November 2007

A stratified random cluster sample of 15,845 subjects was performed in two regions of Nepal to determine the prevalence and main causes of hearing impairment (the most common disability) and the prevalence of ear disease. Subjects reporting current ear pain, or ear discharge, or hearing impairment on direct questioning by a Nepali health worker (primary screening failed), had otoscopy and audiometry (using the Liverpool Field Audiometer) performed, and a questionnaire administered relating to past history. In every fifth house subjects who passed the primary screening (1,716 subjects) were examined to assess the false negative rate of screening. An estimated 16.6 per cent of the study population have hearing impairment (either ear worse than 30 dB hearing threshold level (HTL) 1.0–4.0 kHz, or 50 dB HTL 0.5 kHz), and 7.4 per cent ear drum pathology, equivalent to respectively 2.71 and 1.48 million people extrapolated to the whole of Nepal. Most hearing impairment in the school age group (55.2 per cent) is associated with otitis media or its sequelae. Probably at least 14 per cent of sensorineural deafness is preventable (7 per cent infectious disease, 3.9 per cent trauma, 0.8 per cent noise exposure, 1 per cent cretinism, and 1 per cent abnormal pregnancy or labour). Most individuals reporting current ear pathology (61 per cent) had never attended a health post, and of those receiving ear drop treatment, 84 per cent still had serious pathology. Of subjects who reported ear drop treatment at any time, 31 per cent still had serious pathology. The use of traditional remedies was prevalent.In conclusion this study shows high prevalences of hearing impairment and ear drum pathology. To reduce hearing impairment in Nepal, particularly in the school age group, a priority should be the effective treatment of otitis media.
Sensory interaction testing in platform posturography
Authors: Norré Marcel E. 
Published: November 2007

Mostly techniques measuring the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) have been used for the evaluation of patients with dizziness problems. Some investigators, however, have also tried to take into account the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR). So recording techniques for the Romberg-test have been proposed and called posturography (PG). By interfering with the visual and proprioceptive sensory inputs during this PG-testing one tries to find out how ‘sensory interaction’ is organized in the balance performance of the patient examined. To interfere with vision, closure of the eyes has been commonly used and to interfere with proprioception, the patient can be put on foam-rubber, which makes the contribution of the foot-ankle proprioception less adequate. These interferences are applied once separately and once combined. The degree of ‘abnormality’ is assessed by a score-system for parameters surface (S) and velocity (V), which measure the postural sway. A comparison of tests with and without influence on the sensory inputs gives an idea of the sensory interaction. Patients with peripheral vestibular disorders were examined: patients with BPPV, with spontaneous vertigo attacks and with a sudden vestibular deficit.When applying this evaluation technique different formulae or patterns can be found. Firstly complete normal evaluation, which means that there is no influence of the vestibular disturbance upon the PG results. Secondly a normal balance when using all available sensory information, but disturbed balance as soon as one of the sensory inputs is influenced by the test conditions. Thirdly striking destabilization when closing the eyes. Fourthly striking destabilization when misleading the ankle and foot proprioceptor. Fifthly a combined effect, when the vestibular input is the only one not influenced by the test conditions and sixthly no specific effect, no complementary compensatory effect of this sensory interaction.In the group of patients with peripheral vestibular disorders, no special pattern linked to a peripheral syndrome could be found. Not only in the acute stage could abnormal PG be found: in fact, PG provides ‘functional’ data, which are complementary to the ‘classical’ evaluation and subdivide the patients into other sub-categories. The sensory interaction testing points to some conditions where balance will be more inclined to be troubled.
Sensorineural hearing loss in sickle cell anaemia – a United Kingdom study
Authors: Ajulo S. O. , Osiname A. I. , Myatt H. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been a well-documented complication of sickle cell disease in the literature from West Africa, West Indies, United States of America and the Middle East. We present a study of 52 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease and 36 control patients with haemoglobin genotype AA, matched for age and sex. Seven patients with sickle cell disease (13.5 per cent) were found to have sensorineural hearing loss i.e.>20 dB at two or more frequencies, while all the patients in the control group had normal hearing (p<0.05).Our study shows the incidence of SNHL in the UK to be similar to that reported in the US A and much lower than that found in malaria endemic areas of the tropics.We highlight the factors which we consider responsible for these differences and suggest that the crucial period in the development of SNHL in sickle cell disease may be intra-uterine or during the first few years of life. All sickle cell patients should be encouraged to have regular hearing assessment.
Posterior crus stapedectomy
Authors: Vartiainen Eero , Nuutinen Juhani , Karjalainen Seppo , Pellinen Pentti 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of stapedectomy were compared between 162 otosclerotic ears operated on using the posterior crus technique and 182 otosclerotic ears undergoing Teflon piston stapedectomy. The large fenestra technique with fascia seal to the oval window was used in all cases. Mean follow-up period was 9.6 years. Neither short- nor long-term hearing results showed any significant differences between the two surgical technique groups. Complications of surgery were more common in patients undergoing Teflon piston stapedectomy. On the other hand, a re-operation for recurring conductive deafness was performed significantly more often in patients undergoing posterior crus stapedectomy.
Malignant melanoma of the ear
Authors: Davidsson Åke , Hellquist Henrik B. , Villman Kenneth , Westman Gunnar 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on 16 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the external ear and the patients were followed up for two to 116 months. Fourteen patients had surgical excision with wide margins as initial treatment, whilst two had an amputation performed. Eleven patients had no recurrences, two died of other diseases, and four died of malignant melanoma. The five patients who developed recurrences received further surgery and two also radiotherapy.Seven of the cases were histologically of the nodular type, six were superficial spreading, two were in situ melanoma, and one was a lentigo maligna. The thickness ranged from 0.15 to 11.5 mm. Classification according to Clark et al. (1969) revaled that as many as nine cases were Clark level IV or more. Immunostaining with PCNA yielded strong positivity in all cases, however, statistical analysis did not reveal any differences that could be correlated to the prognosis. Estimation of the vascularization at the base of the tumours by means of immunostaining with CD31 did not reveal any significant differences either.We concluded that in our material the thickness of the tumour is of greater prognostic value than the estimation of proliferation by PCNA and vascularization by CD31. The value of PCNA and CD31 as possible prognostic parameters needs to be evaluated in a larger series. It is emphasized that malignant melanoma of the external ear is a highly malignant tumour, and that four of our 16 patients died of their disease, three of them within a year after diagnosis. Malignant melanoma of the external ear is readily inspected and thereby an early diagnosis should be possible.
Medical therapy of rhinosporidiosis with dapsone
Authors: Job Anand , Venkateswaran Sarada , Mathan Minnie , Krishnaswami Hemalatha , Raman Rajagopal 
Published: November 2007

AbstractClinical, histopathological and ultrastmctural studies in three cases of rhinosporidiosis show complete remission of infection within one year of therapy with dapsone. Light and electron microscope studies confirmed arrest of the maturation of the spores and accentuated granulomatous response with fibrosis following dapsone therapy.
Near-total laryngopharyngectomy with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in advanced pyriform carcinoma
Authors: Su Chih-Ying , Hwang Chung-Feng 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSuccessful restoration of phonation, as well as swallowing in laryngopharyngeal surgery for patients with advanced pyriform carcinoma still remains a major challenge. In a five-year period, near-total laryngectomy perations were performed on 21 patients with laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. This report particularly emphasizes the value of near-total laryngopharyngectomy with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for four extensive hypopharyngeal carcinoma cases (three of which were of pyriform origin). All four patients regained intelligible shunt speech and smooth swallowing. The follow-up period ranged from 19 to 44 months. They ave had no recurrence of disease since surgery.The authors suggest that an advanced pyriform carcinoma case, with a normal contralateral hemilarynx and pyriform sinus, is a candidate for a near-total excision of the laryngopharynx.
Palpation compared with ultrasound in the assessment of malignant cervical lymph nodes
Authors: John D. G. , Rhys Williams S. , Ahuja A. , Evans R. , To K. F. , King W. W. K. , Van Hasselt C. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis prospective study compares the results of pre-operative clinical examination and simple ultrasound examination of the neck in 18 patients with proven head and neck primary tumours and palpable cervical lymphadenopathy, who then underwent 21 radical neck dissections. Neck palpation and ultrasound examination were compared with histological examination. Ultrasound did not add significantly to the information obtainable by simple neck palpation in this group of patients.
Otorhinolaryngological diseases in the minoan era
Authors: Velegrakis George , Skoulakis Charalambos , Bizakis John , Segas John , Helidonis Emmanuel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMinoan civilization was one of the civilizations of the past and flourished in the island of Crete between the years 2600 B.C. and 1100 B.C. Archaeological excavations brought to the light buildings and items, showing that the Minoans had an extensive knowledge about hygiene and health matters.Among the items were idols, depicting anatomical parts of the human body and different pathological changes. These idols were offered by suffering people to gods and goddesses in order to beg for their help in curing them.In a study carried out on idols kept in the Heraklion Museum, a number of interesting anatomical details and pathological changes, concerning the head and neck area were recognized.
CGRP-immunoreactive cells supplying laryngeal sensory nerve fibres in the cat's nodose ganglion
Authors: Tanaka Yasumusa , Yoshida Yoshikazu , Hirano Minoru 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThrough a combination of retrograde staining by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and immunohistochemistry, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-reactive sensory neurons projecting from the laryngeal mucosa were detected in the feline nodose ganglion. The size of the CGRP-immunoreactive cell which was regarded as a laryngeal sensory neuron, was about 60 ±m in diameter: the shape of the immunoreactive laryngeal sensory neuron was unipolar. CGRP-reacted laryngeal sensory cells were found in the rostral part of the nodose ganglion extending to the middle part. They aggregated in the most rostral part, were sparse in other parts and were approximately 50 per cent of WGA-reactive laryngeal sensory neurons in number. Our results suggest that this neurotransmitter might play an important role in laryngeal peripheral sensory innervation.
Recurrent meningitis due to a congenital fistula of the stapedial footplate
Authors: Kaddour H. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA rare case of a congenital fistula of the stapes footplate, in a 10-year-old girl, resulting in recurrent meningitis, is reported. A full ENT examination and a high index of suspicion, is essential if the diagnosis is to be made.Exploratory tympanotomy should be considered on clinical grounds, even if a high resolution CT scan of the temporal bones does not show any anomalies, in order to ascertain the definite diagnosis of a fistula and to seal it permanently.
Twelve cases of glottic carcinoma in situ treated by radiotheraphy: an observation on clinical course versus response
Authors: Brooks J. P. , Morgan D. W. , Glaholm J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCarcinoma in Situ (CIS) of the glottis is an uncommon and poorly understood condition with few, large, long- term studies. Twelve cases are presented which were treated with radiotherapy. At three-year follow-up all the patients are disease free and in 83 per cent the mucosa has returned to normal. The alternative methods of treatment are discussed.
Trismus in patients with malignant tumours in the head and neck
Authors: Ichimura Keitchi , Tanaka Toshlyoshi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn order to elucidate the causal mechanism of trismus in head and neck cancer, 21 patients manifesting trismus out of 212 patients with malignant tumours in the head and neck (treated in Tokyo University Branch Hospital from 1983 to 1991) were reviewed. Nine patients developed trismus either by infiltration of the muscles of mastication or by reflex spasm. Trismus was considered to have developed as a result of irradiation in five cases and of surgical intervention in seven cases. In some cases of oropharyngeal cancer, CT revealed no evidence of tumour invasion into the infratemporal fossa when trismus occurred, suggesting that trismus was caused either by the reflex spasm of muscles or by microinvasion too small to be seen in CT films. Maxillary sinus tumours were often without tnsmus even when they extended posteriorly to the infratemporal fossa.
Conchal flap meatoplasty
Authors: Martin-Hirsch D. P. , Smelt G. J. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA meatoplasty technique is described which has proved successful in the treatment of chronic otitis externa. The procedure opens the superficial meatus by eliminating the sharp rim at the junction of the conchal bowl and the posterior canal wall cartilage; thinning the skin and increasing the circumference of the external auditory orifice.
Primary tracheal tuberculosis in an otherwise healthy 65-year-old Caucasian woman
Authors: Dilkes M. G. , Gautama P. , Knowles C. H. , Chevretton E. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a case of primary tracheal tuberculosis that presented with a hard, fixed lymph node in the right supraclavicular fossa, and progressive dysphagia due to an inflammatory mass caused by a tuberculous lesion in the trachea. This case underlines the old adage that tuberculosis is ‘the great masquerader”.
Pressure exerted by head bandages used in otological surgery
Authors: Hill J. , Allans W. , Malhan D. , Williams E. D. 
Published: November 2007

he pressure exerted by head bandages at the operation site following ear surgery was measured using a balloon catheter and pressure transducer. The initial pressures achieved, their diminution with time and the relationship of pressure to the induction of headache in the patient were studied.The principal findings were that the standard otological head bandage is rarely tight enough to prevent haematoma formation, bandages have lost their efficacy after the first hour and headaches are associated with a significantly higher initial bandage pressure.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis: an unusual cause of submandibular swelling
Authors: Gaffney R. J. , Walsh M. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis, resulting in submandibular swelling, are presented. How actinomycosis may present under the guise of malignancy is well demonstrated.Factors predisposing to the condition, difficulties with diagnosis, isolation methods of the causative organism and treatment of the disease, are discussed.