bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal Cord Subacute Combined Degeneration Mimicked by Copper Deficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Ayalew Zekarias Seifu , Netsere Mehariw Wondimu , Abebe Matyas Adugna , Maru Surafel Tilahun , Azibte Gebeyehu Tessema , Biza Aynalem Demsis , Mossie Getnet Yigzaw 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis case report underscores the diagnostic challenge of copper‐deficiency myelopathy (CDM) and subacute combined degeneration (SCD) due to their similar clinical presentations. A 32‐year‐old male farmer initially treated for SCD with normal vitamin B12 levels showed no improvement, leading to a delayed diagnosis of CDM. His symptoms included sensory ataxia, spasticity, and sensory loss in the lower extremities, which resolved with oral copper supplementation. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for CDM, especially in patients who are unresponsive to B12 therapy. This case also highlights that marginal copper deficiency can cause significant neurological symptoms and that early intervention with copper supplementation can lead to full recovery, preventing irreversible damage. It also emphasizes the need for comprehensive testing, including copper levels, in cases of atypical myelopathy to avoid a delayed diagnosis.
What if I fail? Examining the association between avoidance motivation and research career intentions
Authors: Deemer Eric D. , Li Heming , Mathis Diana L. , Barr Amy C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigated how avoidance motivation, which entails a fear of failure and focus on avoiding negative outcomes, influences adolescents’ aspirations toward scientific research careers. Participants consisted of 245 high school students participating in a summer science enrichment program. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that failure avoidance relative to the conduct of scientific tasks was a significant negative predictor of research career intentions after controlling for academic ability, cognitive capacity to regulate general interest, and online versus in‐person programming implemented before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results of post hoc probing also revealed a significant interaction between failure avoidance and inconsistency of interest whereby participants with low inconsistency of interest and high failure avoidance reported the lowest level of research career intentions. Our findings aim to inform strategies to support sustained engagement and motivation among prospective science undergraduates, contributing to the broader discourse on science career development.
The Influence of Ionic Liquid Modification on the Restructuring of Trimetallic PtNiMo/C Catalysts During Conditioning
Authors: Danisman Bilal , Yang Juntao , Zhang Gui‐Rong , Brummel Olaf , Márton Kovács Miklós , Dworschak Dominik , Steffen Julien , Ledendecker Marc , Görling Andreas , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Libuda Jörg , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDuring preconditioning of PtNiMo/C catalyst metal dissolution and redeposition takes place. At slow scan rates this leads to increased steady activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, ionic liquids (IL) influence the activity of Pt‐based catalysts and can alter the leaching of Pt‐alloy catalysts. This study investigates the influence of ILs on the preconditioning of PtNiMo/C catalysts. Therefore, preconditioning parameters as well as the IL employed were varied. ILs with long side chains like [C8fC1][BETI] resulted in a spreading of the activity development during preconditioning over a longer cycle time and with damped amplitude for the activity changes. For shorter side chains like [BMIM][BETI] the development is like the pristine catalyst. Ex‐situ and in‐situ characterization revealed that [BMIM][BETI] leached fast to the electrolyte, which was not observed for the other ILs. Nevertheless, for all ILs a strongly reduced platinum leaching was observed. Even for the leached [BMIM][BETI] a stable wetting layer influencing the leaching seems to remain. Nevertheless, only for the other ILs where an immobilized bulk phase is remaining a difference in catalyst restructuring during the preconditioning is observed and a higher number of small sized Pt clusters and a lower amount of bigger Pt clusters resulted.
Generalization challenges and strategies in tunnel boring machine performance prediction
Authors: Huang Shengfeng , Korfiatis George , Sousa Rita 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAchieving robust generalization in machine learning for tunnel boring machine performance prediction is challenging, particularly when models are developed on data from different projects. This study assesses the generalization abilities of K‐nearest neighbors, support vector regression, artificial neural networks, random forest, classification and regression trees, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) for predicting penetration rate (PR) and explores the potential of incremental learning to enhance it. The datasets were collected from two tunnels (Line C and Line S) that were constructed in similar geological formation, with similar technology, in Porto, Portugal. In the first part, these models are trained using Line C data and applied to Line S for generalization assess under different splitting and scaling methods. XGBoost demonstrated superior performance in both accuracy and generalization, making it the base model for incremental learning. In the second part, the incremental learning, applied by continually updating the XGBoost model when new data becomes available, was evaluated across different PR ranges and different incremental sizes. Finally, the model trained using Line C data plus Line S data was compared to the model using Line S only to investigate the impact of including Line C data on generalization. Our findings show that for the imbalanced data of PR <125 mm/rpm, incremental learning show unstable generalization but exhibited improved generalization on PR < 25 mm/rpm. For the balanced data of PR <25 mm/rpm, incremental learning showed more stable and gradually improved generalization. Combining Line C data with Line S data for training improved generalization significantly. The study results provide important insights into developing generalization strategies, highlighting the benefits of pre‐training with similar data and the challenges of dealing with imbalanced data in real‐life projects.
Voltammetric Sensor for Naproxen Enantiomers Based on a Paste Electrode Modified With a Chiral Nickel(II) Complex
Authors: Zilberg Rufina A. , Teres Julia B. , Vakulin Ivan V. , Bulysheva Elena O. , Mukhametdinov Genghiskhan R. , Sycheva Maria A. , Volkova Anastasia А. , Titov Aleksei A. , Maleev Victor I. , Larionov Vladimir A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn enantioselective voltammetric sensor (EVS) comprising a paste electrode made of graphitized thermal Carboblack C (CBPE) modified with a Ni(II) complex based on (S)‐(2‐aminomethyl)pyrrolidine and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde was developed for the recognition and determination of naproxen (Nap) enantiomers. The proposed sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS‐SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), molecular dynamics and quantum chemical simulations, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. Using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the CBPE@(S)‐Ni sensor was found to have good selectivity for Nap enantiomers (ip1S/ip1R = 1.43, ip2S/ip2R = 1.27 for the first/second peaks, respectively). The sensor demonstrates the highest sensitivity to (S)‐Nap (6.44 and 6.90 μA/mM for the first and second peaks). The linear concentration range is from 5.0 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3 M and from 2.0 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−3 M for (S)‐ and (R)‐Nap, respectively, where the detection limits for the first and second peaks are 5.31 × 10−7 M and 4.96 × 10−7 M for (S)‐Nap and 7.40 × 10−7 and 6.79 × 10−7 for (R)‐Nap. The suggested sensor was successfully tested for the determination of Nap enantiomers in mixtures, in biological fluids, and in medicinal drug forms. In all the cases, the relative standard deviation (RSD) does not exceed 4.7%; the recovery percentage is in the range of 99.2%–101.3%.
Update on safety and feasibility of the combination of pembrolizumab and pelvic chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Duska Linda R. , Petroni Gina R. , Thaker Premal H. , Crane Erin K. , Holman Laura L. , Armstrong Debrorah K. , Romano Kara , Scalici Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to standard‐of‐care chemoradiation (CRT) is established as the new standard of care in high‐risk, locally advanced cervical cancer. However, the optimal sequencing of therapies is unknown. Defining safety and feasibility of the combination was a primary objective of this study examining concurrent versus sequential schedules.MethodsPembrolizumab was given after or during CRT in a randomized phase 2 design. Patients aged 18 years and older with locally advanced cervical cancer, stages IB–IVA (according to 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging) were randomized 1:1 to treatment regimens. CRT was identical for both arms. Pembrolizumab was administered every 3 weeks for three doses; no maintenance was allowed. Safety assessments included the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs), and feasibility was measured by the completion of treatment in a predefined timeframe. Translational specimens (blood and tissue) were collected.ResultsIn total, 94 evaluable patients completed treatment. Treatment‐related grade ≥2 toxicity was experienced by 85 of 94 patients (90%); 40 patients (43%) had at least one grade 3 AE, and 22 (23%) had at least one grade 4 AE. There were no grade 5 AEs. Eighty percent of patients completed radiotherapy within 56 days, and 85% completed five or six doses of cisplatin and three doses of pembrolizumab (74 of 94 patients; 79%).ConclusionsThe final results of this study support the safety and feasibility of adding pembrolizumab to pelvic CRT, concurrently and sequentially. Progression‐free and overall survival were not affected or different between treatment arms. An analysis of the translational end points is ongoing and will inform future study designs.
Enhanced the Long‐Cycle Performance of SiOx/C Anode Materials Via Ti and Sn Bimetallic Doping Strategy
Authors: Yang Baoguo , Bai Zhe , Luo Qian , Tang Zhenyuan , Li Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSilicon oxide (SiOx), due to its significant reversible capacity and significantly reduced volume expansion compared to pure silicon, holds promise as a candidate for high‐performance lithium‐ion battery anode materials. Unfortunately, SiOx still faces challenges for commercialization due to its volume expansion exceeding 160 %, low initial coulombic efficiency, and low electrical conductivity. In this study, we employed metal oxides containing Ti and Sn to dope SiOx/C materials, utilizing a sol‐gel method to prepare SiOx/TiO2/SnO2/C composite anode materials. Furthermore, we adjusted the doping ratios of Sn and Ti to explore the optimal amount for improving the electrochemical performance of the material. Ultimately, it was found that the SiOx/TiO2/SnO2/C composite material prepared with a molar ratio of silicon, titanium, and tin at 10 : 0.7 : 0.3 exhibited the best performance, achieving an initial discharge capacity of 1845.33 mAh ⋅ g−1 at a current density of 100 mA ⋅ g−1 and maintaining a reversible capacity of 843.41 mAh ⋅ g−1 after 100 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 75.9 %. This work provides a relatively simple method to composite Ti and Sn metal oxides with SiOx, introducing additional conductive pathways to enhance the material‘s conductivity.
Cancer Awareness and Screening Practices of Ghanaian Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Akakpo Martin Gameli 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer screening has been identified as an important contributor to cancer prevention and the control of both morbidity and mortality from cancer. Despite its importance, screening rates have remained low in Ghana. This study investigated some key predictors of screening habits and the rates of awareness for selected cancers that are amenable to screening and early detection. The health belief model provided theoretical support for the investigation.MethodsData was collected from 503 adults in an online survey with a questionnaire, between June and August 2021. Univariate statistical analysis was used to determine the frequencies and percentages of variables. The multivariate analysis used a correlation and a logistic regression to measure association and test a model.ResultsParticipants were aged between 18 and 74 with a mean age of 32.74. Females made up 61.4% of the sample while males accounted for 38.6%. Only 37.6% of participants had previously screened for cancer while 62.4% had never screened. The study hypothesized that age, gender, and Cancer Awareness predict the Cancer Screening habits of respondents. The logistic regression showed that, Age (B = 0.10, SE = 0.01, p = 0.00) and Gender (B = −0.2.71, SE = 0.30, p = 0.00) predicted cancer screening habit.ConclusionAge and gender can predict screening habits. Awareness did not predict screening in this study. The reason and meaning of the findings are discussed and suggestions for improvement of screening uptake and for future research are provided.
A Distributed Information Granulation Method for Time Series Clustering
Authors: Mu Yashuang , Liu Tian , Zhang Wenqiang , Guo Hongyue , Wang Lidong , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTime series clustering is an important research problem in machine learning and data mining. With the rapid increase in the amount of time series data, many traditional clustering algorithms cannot directly deal with large‐scale time series due to some limitations in the memory capacity and the execution time. In this study, we suggest a distributed information granulation method for large‐scale time clustering problem. First, a distributed time series partitioning method is designed to randomly divide the original time series dataset into some data blocks. Then, the distributed time series granulation method is developed in the map‐reduce framework by the principle of reasonable granularity, where each time series can be described by some representative data points to show the trend state information. Finally, we introduce the large‐scale time series clustering method in terms of the fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithm. The experimental studies demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness on several UCR publicly benchmark time series datasets. Compared with the classical clustering methods, the proposed method can achieve a 4.86–9.65% improvement in average clustering accuracy. Meanwhile, the proposed method exhibits more advantages in both unequal length time series clustering and execution time.
Immune Regulatory Crosstalk in Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis
Authors: Yildiz Ramazan , Ganbold Khatanzul , Sparman Njeri Z. R. , Rajbhandari Prashant 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBrown adipose tissue (BAT) and thermogenic beige fat within white adipose tissue (WAT), collectively known as adaptive thermogenic fat, dissipate energy as heat, offering promising therapeutic potential to combat obesity and metabolic disorders. The specific biological functions of these fat depots are determined by their unique interaction with the microenvironments, composed of immune cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and nerve fibers. Immune cells residing in these depots play a key role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic energy homeostasis. The dynamic microenvironment of thermogenic fat depots is essential for maintaining tissue health and function. Immune cells infiltrate both BAT and beige WAT, contributing to their homeostasis and activation through intricate cellular communications. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of various immune cell populations in regulating thermogenic adipose tissue, though many remain undercharacterized. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immune cells that regulate adaptive thermogenesis and their complex interactions within the adipose niche, highlighting their potential to influence metabolic health and contribute to therapeutic interventions for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Formation of a Hemispherical Droplet in a Temperature Responsive Ionic Liquid by Optical Tweezers
Authors: Kobayashi Rai , Tsuboi Yasuyuki , Yuyama Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhase separation is related to a variety of chemical and biological processes. It proceeds stochastically in solutions, such that controlling it is a challenging issue. Here, we demonstrate local liquid‐liquid phase separation of a temperature‐responsive ionic liquid (IL) solution by utilizing a near‐infrared laser beam. Upon focusing the laser beam onto the glass/solution interface, a single liquid droplet is formed due to optical trapping and a photothermal effect. The resultant droplet deposits on to the glass substrate, exhibiting a hemispherical shape. Under further laser irradiation, the droplet grows to a large size and increases in ionic liquid concentration, which is confirmed by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. We observe that the droplet formation strongly depends on the surface properties of a glass substrate. We discuss the formation dynamics by considering optical and thermal potentials in addition to the interaction between the Ionic liquid and the substrate.
Porphyria Diagnostics Part 2: Essential Biochemical Testing for Diagnosis of the Porphyrias
Authors: Ramanujam Vaithamanithi‐Mudumbai Sadagopa , Moghe Akshata , Huda Ruksana , Turner Shalonda B. , Anderson Karl E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPorphyrins and porphyrin precursors are normally detected in small amounts in healthy individuals but are found in large quantities in the urine, feces, blood, plasma, bone marrow, and liver in patients with various types of porphyrias. These are intermediates, or are derived from intermediates, in the pathway for heme biosynthesis. Heme is synthesized in all body tissues but in the largest amounts in the bone marrow and liver. Accurately measuring these compounds is important for diagnosis and monitoring of porphyrias. In addition, measurement of enzyme activities and mutation analyses by DNA sequencing enables confirmation of a porphyria diagnosis and genetic counseling. Biochemical approaches described here include measurements of porphyrin precursors and porphyrins in the urine, feces, plasma, erythrocytes, and liver, and determination of specific enzyme activities in erythrocytes and other cells. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Zebrafish Model for Thrombosis and Brain‐Behavior Studies
Authors: Mary Jabila , Jagadeeswaran Pudur 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHemostasis is a defense mechanism for preventing fluid loss in an injured organism with a circulatory system. In mammals, it begins at the site of the injury, with platelet adhesion to components of the subendothelial matrix activating a series of platelet signaling events that ultimately form a primary hemostatic plug. This process is followed by coagulation cascade activation, leading to fibrin formation and reinforcement of the plug. Thrombosis, an intravascular form of fibrin formation, is unpredictable and often associated with severe pain. Despite decades of research, many hemostatic and thrombotic factors remain unknown. To address this, we introduced zebrafish as a genetic model for studying thrombosis and pain. The piggyback knockdown method is used to knock down genes related to hemostasis and other biochemical or physiological pathways. Blood collection in zebrafish is important in characterizing hemostasis mutants such as hemophilia, in assaying blood coagulation, and in counting thrombocytes in diseases such as thrombocytopenia. FACS analysis is used to study thrombocyte development. Thrombocyte aggregation by flow cytometry and a plate tilt method is used in the functional evaluation of thrombocytes in hemostasis. Defects in coagulation can be studied by kinetic blood coagulation assays and bleeding assays. Laser thrombosis is a global assay that measures blood clotting, thrombocyte function, and endothelial function, including stasis. This technique is useful when screening for genes affecting hemostasis in a genome‐wide manner. As pain is sensed by the PAR2 receptor, the trypsin aversion assay detects this pathway and can be used to identify genes related to pain pathways. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Gene silencing by piggyback knockdownBasic Protocol 2: Blood collection from adult zebrafishBasic Protocol 3: Quantification of thrombocytes by FACS analysisBasic Protocol 4: Thrombocyte aggregation assay by flow cytometryAlternate Protocol 1: Whole‐blood aggregation assay by the plate tilt methodBasic Protocol 5: Kinetic blood coagulation assaysSupport Protocol: Preparation of zebrafish thromboplastinBasic Protocol 6: Laser thrombosis assayBasic Protocol 7: Chemically induced gill bleeding assayAlternate Protocol 2: Mechanically induced bleeding assayBasic Protocol 8: Trypsin aversion assay in zebrafish larvae
Minimal Component, Protein‐Free, and Cost‐effective Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Iwanski Jessika B. , Lawal Odunayo S. , Kwon William T. , Vazquez Isabella , Churko Jared M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) have become a powerful source for the in vitro modeling of cardiac diseases and various other essential applications, including cardiotoxicity screening and regenerative cell replacement therapies. Although many differentiation protocols have been developed to generate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells, these protocols are costly and complex, requiring expensive and often unnecessary components (e.g., B27 medium supplement). In addition, the use of animal‐derived growth factors limits their use for regenerative medicine purposes. To address these issues, herein, we have developed an efficient, cost‐effective, and protein‐free hPSC‐CM protocol using only two components: DMEM/F12 basal medium and l‐ascorbic acid 2‐phosphate. By eliminating xenobiotic and complex components, the efficiency of directed differentiations is increased, the variability between cardiac differentiations is decreased, and the scalability of cell production is enhanced. Adaptation of this efficient, low‐cost, and user‐friendly cardiac differentiation protocol will enrich the utility and applicability of hPSC‐CMs in drug discovery, cell therapies, tissue engineering, disease modeling, precision medicine, and cardiac regenerative medicine. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: hPSC cell cultureBasic Protocol 2: hPSC‐CM differentiationBasic Protocol 3: Characterization of hPSC‐CMs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging