bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolierung und NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen von (−)‐1‐O‐Benzyl‐β‐D‐primverosid aus grünen Früchten von Prunus laurocerasus
Authors: Weinges Klaus , Schick Hartmut , Lautenschläger Michael , Schilling Gerhard 
Published: July 2007

Isolation and NMR‐Spectroscopic Investigations of (−)‐1‐O‐Benzyl‐β‐D‐primveroside from Green Fruits of Prunus laurocerasusThe TLC of the acetylated aqueous extracts of the green fruits of Prunus laurocerasus reveals two spots corresponding to pentaacetyl‐glucopyranose and hexaacetyl‐1‐O‐benzyl‐β‐D‐primveroside (2), which can be quantitatively separated by flash chromatography. Saponification of 2 yields the free 1‐O‐benzyl‐β‐D‐primveroside (1) which affords D‐primverose (3) upon hydrogenolysis. The direct hydrogenolysis of 2 yields hexaacetyl‐β‐D‐primverose (4). The structures of compounds 1–4 have been verified by NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of the three stereoisomers of auxin‐glutaric acid to confirm the non‐existence of Kögl's auxin‐a and ‐b
Authors: Mori Kenji , Kamada Atsushi , Kido Masaru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAll of the three possible stereoisomers of (5S,1′S)‐4‐carboxy‐5‐methyl‐1‐(1′‐methylpropyl)heptanoic acid were synthesized and their stereostructures assigned unambiguously by 13C‐NMR and X‐ray analyses. The melting points and the specific rotations of the three isomeres were quite different from those reported for Kögl's auxin‐glutaric acid and its two stereoisomers. This fact indicates the non‐existence of Kögl's auxin‐a and ‐b.
Dithio‐ und Thionester, 50. α,β‐Acetylenische Thioamide, Dithioester und Thionester
Authors: Hartke Klaus , Gerber Hans‐Dieter , Roesrath Ulrich 
Published: July 2007

Dithio and Thiono Esters, 50. – α,β‐Acetylenic Thioamides, Dithio Esters, and Thiono Estersα,β‐Acetylenic amides 5 and thioamides 7 have been obtained by a palladium‐catalysed condensation of the terminal acetylenes 3 with N,N‐dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (4) or ‐thiocarbamoyl chloride (6). Sulfhydrolysis of the α,β‐acetylenic thioamidium salts 19 or amidium salts 21 leads to the formation of the α,β‐acetylenic dithio esters 22 or thiono esters 23. Both types may also be prepared by a palladium‐catalysed condensation of the terminal acetylenes 3 with methyl carbonodithiochloridate (25) or O‐methyl carbonothiochloridate (26). The thiono esters 23 are also accessible from 26 and the alkyne Grignard reagents 29. Finally, reactions of 22 and 23 with amines, thioles, alkylating agents, and cyclopentadiene are described.
Über die Inhaltsstoffe der Propolis, II
Authors: Seifert Michael , Haslinger Ernst 
Published: July 2007

Constituents of the Propolis, II1)Extraction of the propolis (bee glue) with n‐hexane yields a solution of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, aromatic esters, and waxes. The latter have been separated by fractionating crystallisation; the other compounds were isolated by column and thin‐layer chromatography. Their structures have been determined by GC/MS, NMR, and chemical degradation. The following classes of compounds have been found: monoester waxes, diester waxes, diacylglycerol ether, aromatic esters, keto waxes, hydroxy waxes, and fatty acids.
Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XCVIII. Synthese von Oligosacchariden der inneren Core‐ und Lipoid‐A‐Region von Lipopolysacchariden
Authors: Paulsen Hans , Brenken Mathias 
Published: July 2007

Building Units of Oligosaccharides, XCVIII. – Synthesis of Oligosaccharides of the Inner Core and Lipoid A Region of LipopolysaccharidesGlycosidic coupling of the Hep‐Kdo disaccharide bromide 9 with the Lipoid A analogous disaccharide 10 gives the tetrasaccharide 11 which was deprotected to yield the tetrasaccharide L‐α‐D‐Hepp‐(1→5)‐α‐Kdop‐(2→6)‐β‐D‐GlcpNhm‐(1→6)‐D‐GlcNhm (18). In a further block synthesis 10 was glycosylated with the Hep‐[Kdo]‐Kdo donor 24. Deprotection of the corresponding pentasaccharide 25 furnished L‐α‐D‐Hepp‐(1→5)‐[α‐Kdop]‐(2→4)‐α‐Kdop‐(2→6)‐β‐D‐GlcpNhm‐(1→6)‐D‐GlcNhm (31). Sheep erythrocytes can be coated with these oligosaccharides 18 and 31. The resulting complexes are used as synthetic antigens and immunogens containing the disaccharide L‐α‐D‐Hepp‐(1→5)‐α‐Kdop and the branched trisaccharide L‐α‐D‐Hepp‐[α‐Kdop‐(2→4)]‐α‐Kdo as antigenic determinants.
Organic azides in heterocyclic synthesis, 14. Synthesis of 3,6‐diaminopyridazine from 6‐azidotetrazolo[1,5‐b]pyridazine
Authors: Deeb Ali , Sterk Heinz , Kappe Thomas 
Published: July 2007

Abstract6‐Azidotetrazolo[1,5‐b]pyridazine („3,6‐Diazidopyridazine”︁, 1) reacts at ambient temperature with phosphanes or phosphites 2a–c to yield the phosphazenes 3a–c. In contrast to literature reports, the tetrazolopyridazines 1, and 3a,b react with phosphanes to yield 3,6‐bis(phosphoranylideneamino)pyridazines 4; however, the required temperature is rather high (180°C). The use of phosphites instead of phosphanes leads to „Michaelis‐Arbuzov‐type”︁ rearrangements; thus, 3a reacts in boiling 2d to afford 6, and heating of the trimethoxyphosphazene 3c in refluxing 1,2‐dichlorobenzene yields the methylamino derivative 7.
Inter‐ and intramolecular hetero‐Diels‐Alder reactions, 32. Iridoids, 26. Synthesis of bridged homoiridoids from secologanin by tandem‐Knoevenagel‐hetero‐Diels‐Alder reactions
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Bärtels Christoph 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe tandem‐Knoevenagel‐hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction of the chiral enantiomerically pure monoterpene glucoside secologanin (1) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds 6a–d and the analogous compounds 11a–b in the presence of ethylenediammonium diacetate as catalyst leads to the bridged cycloadducts 8a–d and 13a–b in 60–70% yield, except for 8d. Compound 8b can be transformed into 9 by treatment with methanol and into 10 by treatment with water. The cycloadditions are highly regio‐ and stereoselective, affording only the bridged but not the annulated compounds as single diastereomers.
Properties and reactions of substituted 1,2‐thiazetidine 1,1‐dioxides: Acylation of β‐sultams at C‐4, reduction of 4‐acyl‐β‐sultams, and stereochemistry of 4‐(α‐hydroxyalkyl)‐β‐sultams
Authors: Müller Martin , Otto Hans‐Hartwig 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAcylation of N‐silylated and 2,3‐substituted 1,2‐thiazetidine 1,1‐dioxides (β‐sultams) results in the formation of 4‐acylated β‐sultams 2 and 8. The desilylation of 2 to 3 is easily done with TBAF either on silica gel or in ethanolic solution. The acylated β‐sultams are reduced by sodium borohydride yielding α‐hydroxyalkyl β‐sultams 11 and 12, obtained as mixtures of diastereoisomers. These are separated by CC. The stereochemistry of the acylated and of the α‐hydroxylated β‐sultams is elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and compared to that of the antibiotic drug thienamycin.
Synthesis of substituted phenyl‐, biphenyl‐, and terphenylcarbaldehydes by coupling of arylpalladium complexes with alkyl‐ and aryl‐grignard reagents
Authors: Jendralla Heiner 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNovel arylcarbaldehydes 4 (R3 = alkyl or aryl) are prepared from arylcarbaldehydes 1 via arylpalladium complexes 3.
Reaction of α‐lithio O‐alkyloximes with diiodomethane – a synthesis of α‐iodomethylene oxime ethers
Authors: Shatzmiller Shimon , Lidor Ramy , Babar Eliezer 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRegiocontrolled deprotonation (e. g. lithiation) of acetone O‐methyloxime (1), 5,6‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐4H‐1,2‐oxazine (9a) and 4,5‐dihydro‐3‐methylisoxazole (9b) is achieved within 1 minute at −65°C in hexane/THF. The lithiated compounds react very fast at low temperature (−65°C) with diidomethane to give mainly the corresponding α‐iodomethylene oxime ethers 6 and 11a, b. A radical mechanism of this reaction is discussed.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Thiazinen, 43. Newman‐Kwart‐Umlagerung bei Thiocarbazoylierungen von Tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐on und Thiazolidin‐2‐on
Authors: Hanefeld Wolfgang , Von Gösseln Hans Joachim 
Published: July 2007

Investigations on 1,3‐Thiazines, 43. – Newman‐Kwart Rearrangement in the Course of Thiocarbazoylation of Tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐one and Thiazolidin‐2‐oneThiocarbazoylation of tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐one (1) with thiocarbazic acid chlorides leads to N‐thiocarbazoyl derivatives 5 and N‐carbazoyl‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐thiones 8, which are interpreted as products of an O‐thiocarbazoylation to 6, subsequent Newman‐Kwart rearrangement to 7 and final S→N transcarbazoylation. Thiocarbazoylation of thiazolidin‐2‐one (9) yields an isolable Newman‐Kwart rearrangement product 12 and its product 13 of S→N transcarbazoylation.
Herkunft der Methylsubstituenten in F‐Säuren
Authors: Scheinkönig Josef , Spiteller Gerhard 
Published: July 2007

Origin of the Methyl Substituents of F AcidsFeeding experiments with L‐[methyl‐13C]methionine on suspension cultures of Saccharum spec. demonstrate that the furan methyl groups of F acids 1 are derived from methionine. Specific incorporation of 13C label was confirmed by GC/MS analysis of the tetrahydrofuran derivatives 2.
1,3,2λ5‐Benzothiazaphosphole 2‐Oxide and 1,3,2λ5‐benzoxazaphosphole 2‐oxide derivatives, new and versatile phosphorylating reagents
Authors: Jacob Peter , Richter Wolfgang , Ugi Ivar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of the highly reactive five‐membered cyclic phosphorylating reagents 6a and 12 is described. The reagent 6a monophosphorylates alcohols without ring opening, whereas 12 diphosphorylates with ring opening yielding phosphate triesters.
Synthesis and Reactions of α‐Bromo‐N‐alkoxyimidates
Authors: Shatzmiller Shimon , Bercovici Sorin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe reaction of alkyl hydroxamates 2 with (C2H5)3O · BF4 in CH2Cl2 affords N‐alkoxyimidates 3. The direct alkylation of hydroxamic acids 1 with 1,2‐dibromoethane gives the 5,6‐dihydro‐1,4,2‐dioxazine derivatives 4. The reactions of the acyclic imidates 3 as well as the cyclic N‐alkoxyimidates 4 with N‐bromosuccinimide in CCl4 produces the α‐bromoimidates 5a–d and 6a–d. The α‐bromine atom in the bromides 5b, d and 6a, b, d can be displaced by fluorine and azido substituents to yield the α‐fluoro‐N‐alkoxyimidates 7b, d and 10a, b, d and the α‐azido compounds 8b, d and 11a, b, d, respectively. The reduction of the azides 8b, d and 11a, b, d affords the α‐aminoimidates 9b, d and 12a b, d, respectively. The reaction of the bromides 6a–d with benzene derivatives 14a–d in the presence of AgBF4 affords the aromatic substitution products 15a–d. Acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of 15a, c gives the arylsubstituted carboxylic acids 16 and 17.
Synthesis of (+)‐Artemeseole
Authors: Narjes Frank , Schaumann Ernst 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of the monoterpene (+)‐artemeseole (1b) is accomplished by starting from (Z)‐dienol 5. Sharpless epoxidation of 5 gives oxirane 4. Attempted opening of the epoxide ring in 4 or in derivatives 8a, b by various allyl or acetylide anions gives side reactions, but the desired coupling with a C3 unit is achieved in the reaction of silyl‐protected oxirane 8b with 9 or 13 giving 17 and 19a, respectively. Alkenol 19a is further converted into oxirane 21 by desilylation, tosylation, and base‐induced epoxide formation. Anion generation from 21 by reductive desulfurization yields (dialkenylcyclopropyl)methanol 3. Acid‐catalyzed cyclization to a tetrahydrofuran completes the synthesis of 1b.
Novel Prenylated 2‐Quinolinones from East Asian Zanthoxylum Species
Authors: Brader Günter , Wurz Gerald , Greger Harald , Hofer Otmar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn addition to already known 2‐quinolinones [flindersine (3), N‐methylflindersine (4), 8‐methoxyflindersine (5), zanthobungeanine (6), glycolone (1), O‐methylglycosolone (2)], four novel derivatives have been isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. The roots of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Z. simulans contain the novel prenylated schinifoline (7) and N‐methylschinifoline (8), whereas the leaves of Z. simulans predominantly form N‐acetoxymethylflindersine (10). From the roots of Z. scandens zascanol epoxide (9) has been isolated whose prenyl side chain is characterized by an epoxide ring and a terminal hydroxy group.
Syntheses of α‐Aminophosphonic Acids, VI. Synthesis of Diastereomerically Pure 1‐Aminocyclopropylphosphonic Acids
Authors: Groth Ulrich , Lehmann Lutz , Richter Lutz , Schöllkopfh Ulrich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe lithium or potassium derivative of diethyl isocyanomethylphosphonate (1) reacts with epoxides in the presence of boron trifluoride–diethyl ether to provide the diethyl 3‐hydroxy‐1‐isocyanoalkylphosphonates rac‐3. The corresponding mesylates rac‐4 undergo a base‐mediated cyclization to the diethyl 1‐isocyanocyclopropylphosphonates rac‐5. Acidic hydrolysis affords the diethyl 1‐aminocyanocyclopropylphosphonates rac‐6, which upon treatment with trimethylsilyl iodide yield the 1‐aminocyclopropylphosphonic acids rac‐7. A base‐mediated cycloalkylation of 1 with dibromoalkanes 10 gives the diethyl 1‐isocyanocycloalkylphosphonates 11, which are suitable precursors for the achiral 1‐aminocycloalkylphosphonic acids.
Synthesis of Aniline Derivatives with Potential Toxicological Implications to the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome
Authors: Ferrer Marta , Galceran Montserrat , Sánchez‐Baeza Francisco , Casas Josefina , Messeguer Angel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of anilides 2 from several saturated and unsaturated fatty acids 1 required for toxicological studies related to the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome is reported. In addition, a simple procedure for the microscale determination of the position of a carbon–carbon double bond of a fatty acid residue is described. This procedure involves epoxidation of the sample with 3,3‐dimethyldioxirane followed by oxidative cleavage with periodic acid to yield the corresponding carbonyl derivatives which are easily identifiable by GC‐MS analysis. Finally, the synthesis of anilino derivatives 5–8 formally derived from glycerol is also reported. For this purpose, a common precursor, i.e. 3‐(phenylamino)propane‐1,2‐diol (4) is prepared, and convenient procedures for its chemoselective acylation at either the hydroxy or the amino group have been developed.
Electroorganic synthesis, 57. Synthesis of advanced prostaglandin precursors by Kolbe electrolysis, II. – Preparation of coacids and anodic initiated tandem radical‐addition / radical‐coupling reaction with (1′R,4′S,3R/S)‐3‐(cis‐4‐acetoxycyclopent ‐2‐enyloxy)‐3‐ethoxypropionic acid
Authors: Weiguny Jens , Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe α‐silyl‐substituted carboxylic acids 4 and 10 were prepared and with other coacids subjected to a mixed Kolbe electrolysis with β‐cyclopentenyloxypropanoate 1. The stereochemical course of this cyclization reaction was determined on the basis of the 4‐methyl‐substituted product 23 by 1H‐NMR‐NOE spectroscopy. Conversion of the bicyclic reaction products 21b–d to advanced prostaglandin precursors such as lactone 30 was achieved in few steps. magnified image
Eine neue Strategie zur Festphasensynthese von O‐Glycopeptiden über 2‐Azidoglycopeptide
Authors: Paulsen Hans , Bielfeldt Tim , Peters Stefan , Meldal Morten , Bock Klaus 
Published: July 2007

A New Strategy for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of O‐Glycopeptides via 2‐Azido‐glycopeptidesThe building blocks Fmoc‐Thr(α‐D‐GalN3Ac3)‐OPfp (8) and Fmoc‐Ser(α‐D‐GalN3Ac3)‐OPfp (9) were synthesized. Both building blocks are active esters which can directly be used for the solid‐phase synthesis of O‐glycopeptides. The obtained glycopeptides carry an 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactosyl residue α‐linked to Thr or Ser. The conversion of the 2‐azido into the 2‐acetamido groups was achieved with thioacetic acid on solid support, and subsequently the sugar residues of the polymer bound glycopeptides were deacetylated with hydrazine hydrate in methanol. The subsequent cleavage from the resin with TFA/water gave after RP‐HPLC purification directly the desired deprotected O‐glycopeptides. magnified image
Synthesis of Dopamines Labelled with 13C in the α‐ or β‐Side Chain Position and Their Application to Structural Studies on Melanins by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Crescenzi Orlando , Kroesche Christoph , Hoffbauer Wilfried , Jansen Martin , Napolitano Alessandra , Prota Giuseppe , Peter Martin G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSolid‐state NMR spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of melanins prepared by peroxidase‐H2O2 oxidation of dopamines specifically 13C labelled in the α‐ or β‐side chain positions. A surprisingly diverse pattern of signals indicated the presence of uncyclized dopamine and noradrenaline‐derived units, in addition to indole and carbonyl carbon atoms. These structural features, coupled with the results obtained from elemental analysis of dopamine melanin samples prepared under different conditions, point to a pigment formation process more complex than previously believed. magnified image
Constituents of Holothuroideae, V. Isolation and Structure of Cerebrosides from the Sea Cucumber Pentacta australis
Authors: Higuchi Ryuichi , Inagaki Masanori , Togawa Kenichi , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Komori Tetsuya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFour new cerebrosides, PA‐0‐1, PA‐0‐5, PA‐2‐5 and PA‐2‐6, were isolated from the two cerebroside mixtures, PA‐0 and PA‐2, obtained from the less polar fraction of the methanol extract of the sea cucumber Pentacta australis. The structures of these cerebrosides were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Another cerebroside, PA‐1‐4, isolated in a pure state from a different cerebroside mixture PA‐1, was found to be identical with the known glucocerebroside CE‐2c obtained from the related sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata of the same family. Reversed‐phase HPLC was effective in isolating these cerebrosides, showing the very close similarity of their structures. An analysis of the mass spectrum of the dimethyl disulfide derivatives of cerebrosides was also useful for the determination of the double‐bond position in the sea cucumber cerebroside. magnified image
New Effective Transformations of Monosaccharides by Selective Inversion
Authors: Miethchen Ralf , Rentsch Daniel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRegio‐ and stereoselective acetalizations of methyl α‐D‐lyxopyranoside (1), methyl β‐L‐arabinopyranoside (6), methyl α‐D‐galactopyranoside (11), and methyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside (13) with chloral, including an inversion of the configuration at C‐3, were achieved with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coagent. Additionally, the formed methyl 3,4‐O‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethylidene)‐α‐D‐arabinopyranoside 2, methyl 2,3‐O‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethylidene)‐β‐L‐lyxopyranoside 7, methyl 2,3‐O‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethylidene)‐α‐D‐gulopyranoside 12, and methyl 2,3‐O‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethylidene)‐β‐D‐gulopyranosides 14 and 15 contain an N‐cyclohexylcarbamoyl group vicinal to the chloral acetal moiety; the compounds 12 and 15, moreover, a formyl group in 6‐position. The formyl and carbamoyl functions may be cleaved stepwise with methanolic sodium methoxide. Deformylation of the 6‐O‐formyl derivative 15 affords the urethane 16 with simultaneous migration of the carbamoyl group from the 4‐ to the 6‐position. The fluorination of 3 and 8 with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride/nitromethane/acetic anhydride, giving the glycosyl fluorides 4 and 9 without any cleavage of the cyclic chloral acetal functions, is described. BF3‐catalyzed glycosylations of chloro‐ethanol with the fluorides 4 and 9α/β yield the α‐glycoside 5 and the anomeric mixture 10α/β, respectively, showing that neither a cyclic chloral acetal function in 3,4‐O‐nor in 2,3‐O‐position affects such reactions.
Functional cooperation between KA2 and GluR6 subunits is involved in the ischemic brain injury
Authors: Jiang Hai‐Xia , Guan Qiu‐Hua , Pei Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Guang‐Yi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe investigated the possible relationships between KA2 subunit and GluR6 subunit, as well as the role of KA2 subunit in neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Our results indicated that intracerebroventricular infusion of KA2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS) not only knocked down the expressions of KA2 and GluR6, but also suppressed the assembly of the GluR6/KA2‐PSD95‐MLK3 signaling module, and inhibited JNK activation and phosphorylation of c‐jun. In addition, infusion of KA2 AS increased neuronal survival in CA1 region after 5 days of reperfusion. More interestingly, we found that the combination of KA2 and GluR6 AS exerted more significant effects than when pretreated with KA2 AS or GluR6 AS alone. Our results suggest that the KA2 subunit is involved in delayed neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia, at the same time, it is noteworthy that the functional cooperation between KA2 and GluR6 subunits plays a critical role in the ischemic brain injury by PSD95‐MLK3‐MKK4/7‐JNK3 signal pathway. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation of RPLC columns packed with porous sub‐2 μm particles
Authors: Petersson Patrik , Euerby Melvin R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEight commercially available sub‐2 μm octadecyl silane columns (C18 columns) have been characterised by the Tanaka protocol. The columns can be grouped into two groups that display large differences in selectivity and peak shape due to differences in hydrophobicity, degree of surface coverage and silanol activity. Measurements of particle size distributions were made using automated microscopy and electrical sensing zone measurements. Only a weak correlation could be found between efficiency and particle size. Large differences in column backpressure were observed. These differences are not related to particle size distribution. A more likely explanation is differences in packing density. In order to take full advantage of 100–150 mm columns packed with sub‐2 μm particles, it is often necessary to employ not only an elevated pressure but also an elevated temperature. A comparison between columns packed with sub‐2, 3 and 5 μm versions of the same packing indicates potential method transferability problems for several of the columns due to selectivity differences. Currently, the best alternative for fast high‐resolution LC is the use of sub‐2 μm particles in combination with elevated pressure and temperature. However, as shown in this study additional efforts are needed to improve transferability as well as column performance.
Water‐Soluble Carbon Nanotubes by Redox Radical Polymerization
Authors: Tasis Dimitrios , Papagelis Kostas , Prato Maurizio , Kallitsis Ioannis , Galiotis Constantinos 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWater‐soluble single‐ and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by grafting polyacrylamide chains from the graphitic surface via ceric ion‐induced redox radical polymerization. The reducing functionalities were covalently attached to the tubes by peroxide‐assisted radical reaction. The results showed that polymer chains were grafted onto CNTs by the redox process. The redox radical polymerization initiated by carbon nanotube‐bearing functionalities not only provides a powerful strategy for modifying the carbon nanostructures but also gives us the knowledge of their sidewall chemistry.magnified image