bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amylase Action in Maltodextrin-Sodium Dodecylsulfate Solution
Authors: Sakon Ken-ichi , Watanabe Takehiko , Ono Sôzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of maltodextrin was studied with enzyme-maltodextrin and enzyme-maltodextrin-sodium dodecylsulfate systems. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) is a complex forming agent for maltodextrin. When endo-enzyme such as Taka-amylase A was used as the enzyme, ratio of the initial velocity of the hydrolysis of the system containing SDS to that without SDS decreases with the increase of degree of polymerization (D.P.) of the maltodextrin and becomes zero with the maltodextrin of D.P. above about 60. When the liquefying α-amylase of Bacillus subtilis was used as an endo-enzyme, a similar result was also obtained. When exo-enzyme such as Glucoamylase of Rh. Delemar was used, the ratio decreases gradually with the increase of D.P. of maltodextrin, and remains in a relatively high level even in the case of maltodextrin of D.P. above 60. In the case of Taka-amylase A, the enzyme action is suppressed by the presence of the stiff helical segments of SDS complex and the initial velocity of the system with SDS decreases compared with the one without SDS. In the case of Glucoamylase, the presence of the stiff helical segment does not distinctively induce such a depression of the enzyme action as that in the case of Taka-amylase A. The depression is partly dependent on the inhibitory interaction of SDS with the enzyme.
A One-dimensional Model of a Conduction Calorimeter
Authors: Hattori Masaru , Tanaka Satohiro , Amaya Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An idealized one-dimensional model of a conduction calorimeter, composed of a container in which thermal change occurs, a thermal bath, and a solid thermal conductor connecting the container with the thermal bath, is presented. The boundary-value problem of heat conduction in the model calorimeter is solved by the Laplace transformation method. A proportionality relation between the quantity of heat evolved in the calorimeter container and the area enclosed by the recorded temperature curve and the time axis is establised.
The Density and Molar Volume of a Binary Liquid, B2O3-H2O
Authors: Kodama Hiroshi , Yokokawa Toshio , Niwa Kichizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The density of the binary B2O3-H2O liquid system with concentrations of from 4.9 to 83.0 mol% B2O3 has been measured, and the mean volume expansivity has been calculated. The molar volume and the expansivity of this system has then been compared with those of other binary borates. The experimental results suggest a change in the boron-to-oxygen coordination number between the 3B2O3·H2O and B2O3·H2O compositions. The thermal expansivity of this system shows a different trend from those of alkali borate melts.
Volumetric Determinations of Cyanide, Thiocyanate, and Iodide Ions with Mercury(II) Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Using These Mixed-ligand Complexes as Indicators
Authors: Nomura Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mercury (II) complexes of EDTA, methylthymolblue, or cresolphthaleincomplexone form mixed-ligand complexes with cyanide, thiocyanate, or iodide ions. These anions can be determined with mercury(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate, using the other mercury(II) complexes as indicators, because of the difference between the stability constant of the mixed-ligand complex of EDTA and that of the other complexes. The previously reported methods, however, require a calibration curve. The determination was simplified by Titer methods, using these mixed-ligand complexes as indicators. To the anion-sample solutions adjusted to a given pH value with a buffer solution, 5 ml portions of 1×10−4m mercury(II), an organic reagent, and anion solutions were added, these mixtures were then titrated with a 1×10−2m standard mercury (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution. These solutions change in color from pale pink (PC) or yellow (MTB) to red-violet (PC) or blue (MTB) by the end point. The Titer values were determined by the use known of standard anion solutions.
Optimum Geometric Position for Radioactivation by Fast Neutron with a Neutron Generator
Authors: Kishikawa Toshiaki , Shinomiya Chiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
With a 14MeV neutrol generator the optimum irradiation position of disk or square samples of appropriate numbers are given as a function of the configuration of the sample relative to the source. Calculated values are compared with experimental data.
Circular Dichroism of Chromium(III) Complexes. II. Correlation between Behavior in the Spin-forbidden Absorption Band Region and Absolute Configurations
Authors: Kaizaki Sumio , Hidaka Jinsai , Shimura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of twelve optically active chromium (III) complexes containing three bidentate ligands have been measured in the near-infrared to ultraviolet region. CD spectra in the spin-forbidden d-d absorption band region have been considered mainly in relation to the CD bands in the first spin-allowed d-d absorption band region. It has been concluded that the absolute configurations of chromium (III) complexes can be determined on the basis of the signs of the CD bands in the spin-forbidden band region. The splitting components of the CD bands in the spin-forbidden band region have been discussed considering the crystal field treatment by Macfarlane.
Telomerization of Vinyl Chloride with Carbon Tetrachloride Using Amine-Cupric Chloride. Effects of Amines and Solvents
Authors: Asahara Teruz\={o} , Sen\={o} Manabu , Wu Cheng-Ching 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Telomerization of vinyl chloride with carbon tetrachloride was investigated in reaction systems containing amines and cupric chloride. The yield of telomers CCl3(CH2CHCl)nCl and the content of the telomer with n=1 were high when aliphatic amines with relatively long chains were used. An increase in basicity of amines raised the yield of telomers. When bifunctional amines such as diamines and alkanolamines were used, the yield of telomers was low and the content of higher telomers was high. The effect of added solvents on the yield of telomers was not so remarkable and an increase in the dielectric constant of solvents decreased the yields. The results were examined on the basis of Asscher-Vofsi mechanism, but could not be explained satisfactorily. A partly modified scheme was proposed for the radical addition in the cage complex stabilized with amine.
Aromatic Arylation with Aryl Radicals. I. A Novel Method for Generating Aryl Free Radical
Authors: Kobayashi Michio , Minato Hiroshi , Kobori Nobumasa , Yamada Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate in DMSO decomposed instantaneously with evolution of nitrogen upon addition of a DMSO solution of sodium nitrite. Orientations and partial rate factors for phenylation of substituted benzenes indicated that not phenyl cation but phenyl radical was produced as an intermediate. Hammett’s plots of partial rate factors of meta and para positions yielded good straight lines with ρm=0.46 and ρp=1.67. Plausible mechanisms were discussed. From m-dinitrobenzene 2,6- and 2,4-dinitrobiphenyl were produced in 47 and 23% yields, respectively, and the synthetic value of this method was pointed out.
Studies on the Baudisch Reaction. III. A Possible Intermediate in the Reaction
Authors: Tanimoto Iwao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Baudisch reaction was applied to 1- and 2-naphthols, and 2-nitroso-1-naphthol was obtained as the sole product in both reactions. In a reinvestigation of the products obtained from phenols, it was also found that in some cases the nitroso group replaced the hydroxy group and a hydroxy group was newly introduced into the position ortho to the nitroso group. These results indicate that a copper(II)-hydroxylamine-catechol complex will be a possible intermediate of the reaction of phenol. The product studies on the reaction of catechols support the assumption. Kinetically, the formation of the complex seems to be the rate-determining step in the reaction of phenols.
Mechanism of Isotopic Exchange of Trisacetylacetonatoaluminum with Acetylacetone-14C in Organic Solvents
Authors: Saito Kazuo , Masuda Kazuyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetic study concerning isotopic exchange of acetylacetone (acacH) and trisacetylacetonatoaluminum [Al(acac)3] (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap., 41, 384 (1968)) has been extended to solutions in various organic solvents. Similar catalytic actions of water and acid were observed, and the concentration of acacH did not affect the rate, so that the kinetic formula is expressed by
R=[complex](k_1+k_2[H_2O]+k_1’[acid]+k_2’[acid][H_2O])
The rate constants and activation parameters are listed in Table 1. The k1 values are zero in non-polar solvents such as toluene and xylenes, whereas the k2 values are greater in these solvents than in polar solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and ethylacetate. The activation enthalpy is practically constant in these solvents, regardless of the participation of catalysts. The third and the fourth term seem to represent acid-catalysed reaction paths involving different proton carriers. The whole result appears to support our previous tentative conclusions that the exchange proceeds via an intermediate in which one of the acetylacetonate ligands is present as unidentate, and that the ease with which the free end recombines with the aluminum ion is responsible in determining the reaction rates.
Hot-Atom Chemistry of Bromine. IV. Chemical Effects of 81Br(n,γ)82gBr, 81Br(n,γ)82mBr and 82mBr(I. T.)82Br Excitation in Antimony Tribromide and Benzene System
Authors: Kishikawa Toshiaki , Aratono Yasuyuki , Shinomiya Chiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Antimony tribromide and a molecular compound between antimony tribromide and benzene (2:1) have been irradiated to provide 82mBr sources. The results obtained by the dissolution of the irradiated molecular compound, by means of which technique the chemical effects of 81Br(n,γ)82gBr and 82mBr(I.T.)82Br were determined separately, had shown very low organic yields from either (n,γ) or (I.T.) excitation. The reaction of 82mBr(I.T.)82Br in benzene showed a growth in the organic yields. Moreover, the organic yield of 82Br was lower when the system was frozen than when it was stored as a liquid. These results are explained by assuming that, in the frozen system, the antimony tribromide (82mBr) forms a molecular compound with the benzene. The higher organic yields in the frozen systems than those in the molecular compound itself must be due to the formation of free bromine (82mBr), which turns out to be an organic radiobromide. The hydrolytic behavior of the irradiated antimony tribromide and the molecular compound supports the idea of the presence of free bromine (82mBr) at the end of the irradiation.
Mass Spectra of Diaryl Disulfides, Diaryl Thiolsulfinates and Diaryl Thiolsulfonates
Authors: Kozuka Seizi , Takahashi Hideo , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mass spectra of diaryl disulfides, diaryl thiolsulfinates and diaryl thiolsulfonates have been studied by analyzing metastable peaks and mass numbers. The main fragmentation observed for the disulfides was the cleavage of the S–S bond while the fragmentation of thiolsulfinates was similar to that of disulfides after elimination of oxygen. In the case of thiosulfonates, however, no such deoxygenation was observed, formation of sulfonium ion and one oxygen migration from the sulfone sulfur to the thiol sulfur were observed. Formation of thiabenzonium ion was observed in the mass spectra of sulfinates and sulfonates.
The Reactions of 80Br Activated by Isomeric Transition in the Gaseous Phase. The Isotopic Variation between CH4 and CD4
Authors: Tachikawa Enzo , Kahara Toshiki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The roles of the excess kinetic energy and the thermal ionic processes in the reaction of the 80Br from the isomeric transition of 80mBr in gaseous CH4 and CD4 were investigated using a rare gas additive. A possible isotope effect has appeared on the substitution reaction of the energetic Br atom to form CH380Br or CD380Br, but not on the thermal processes to form CH380Br and CH280BrBr or their isotopic alternatives. At a zero mole fraction of moderator, the CH380Br/CD380Br ratio for the energetic process was found to be 2.7±0.3. This is consistent with the moderator and/or probability integral isotope effects. However, in a highly moderated system the results indicated that the former effect is more important than the latter. Furthermore it can be inferred from the total pressure effects on the energetic reaction products that the excited primary products are able to decompose unimolecularly due to internal excitation.
Syntheses of Benzo[e]-1,3,4-triazepine Derivatives from 2-Aminobenzophenones
Authors: Ishiwaka Takumi , Sano Mitsuru , Isagawa Kakuzo , Fushizaki Yasaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Aminobenzophenone semicarbazones (II) or 2-aminobenzophenone phenylhydrazones (III) were cyclized to 3,7-disubstituted 5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]-1,3,4-triazepines (IV) by treating them with paraformaldehyde. On the other hand, 3,7-disubstituted 2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]-1,3,4-triazepines (V) were prepared by the fusion of II at 190–195°C or by the treatment of III with phosgene. In the latter reactions, 1-carboxy derivatives (VI) of V were obtained by using two equimolar amounts of phosgene. Vf was treated with sodium ethoxide to give a ring-cleavage product, 5-chloro-2-ethoxycarbonylaminobenzophenone phenylhydrazone (VIIIf), which was then fused to afford 6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenylquinazoline (VIIb).
The Chemical Behavior of Low Valence Sulfur Compounds. III. Production of Ammonium Sulfamate by the Oxidation of Ammonium Thiosulfate
Authors: Naito Kunishige , Yoshida Masahiro , Shieh Mu-Chang , Okabe Taijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of ammonium thiosulfate with compressed oxygen in aqueous ammonia solution was examined. It was found that ammonium sulfamate and ammonium sulfate are mainly produced and a small amount of nitrite and imidodisulfonate obtained in the final solution. The most suitable conditions to produce ammonium sulfamate from ammonium thiosulfate industrially are as follows: reaction temperature 100°C, oxygen pressure 50 kg/cm2, concentration of ammonia 16 mol/l, concentration of cupric ion 0.1–0.2 mol/l. The electrolytic oxidation, hydrogen peroxide oxidation and ozone oxidation of ammonium thiosulfate were also examined.
Studies of the Behavior of Trivalent Uranium in an Aqueous Solution. III. Extraction from a Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Bis(n-butyl) Orthophosphoric Acid and by Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) Orthophosphoric Acid
Authors: Sat\={o} Akiko , Suzuki Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution of U(III) between hydrochloric acid solutions and benzene solutions of bis(n-butyl) orthophosphoric acid or cyclohexane solutions of bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid has been investigated by using the uranium-237 isotope as a tracer. It has been found that the log-log plot of the distribution ratio vs. the concentration of dimeric organophosphoric acids, and that of the distribution ratio vs. the hydrogen ion concentration, always show a good linearity, with a slope of 3. This indicates that the complex-forming reaction is as follows:
U^3++3(HA)_2\ightleftarrowsU(HA_2)_3+3H^+
where (HA)2 represents the dimeric solvent, (HDBP)2 or (HDEHP)2. The above results are in agreement with the conclusions reached in the cases of other trivalent actinide and lanthanide elements by other investigators.
Mass Spectra of Phenyl p-Toluenesulfonates. Substituent Effect in Fragmentation
Authors: Kozuka Seizi , Takahashi Hideo , Tamagaki Seizo , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mass spectra of substituted phenyl p-toluenesulfonates were analyzed with the aid of metastable peaks. Three steps in fragmentation were suggested as the main processes for these compounds i.e., the initial S–O bond cleavage giving sulfonylcation, the second desulfonylation and the final loss of acetylene. Effect of substituent on the rate of the decomposition was observed in these three steps. The results are discussed in terms of various internal energies of the initial fragment ions. Apparently, the rates of the initial decomposition depend on the nature of the substituents.
Reaction of Sulfoxides with Acylating Reagents. III. Mechanism of the Reactions of Phenyl Methyl Sulf oxide with Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Kise Masahiro , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Pummerer reaction, viz., the reaction of sulfoxides having at least one methyl or methylene group with carboxylic acid anhydride gives α-acyloxy derivatives of the corresponding sulfide. Earlier, we suggested on the basis of 18O tracer experiments with 18O-labeled acetic anhydride that the Pummerer reaction of dimethyl sulfoxide with acetic anhydride proceeds through an intermolecular nucleophilic attack of acetoxy group on the methylene carbon of the ylide-ylene intermediate. Noticeable acetoxy interchange has been found to take place during a similar Pummerer reaction of aryl methyl sulfoxide. However, the Pummerer reaction is the main path when the reaction with acetic anhydride is performed at around 120°C. In the Pummerer reaction of aryl methyl sulfoxides, the substituent effect is large (ρ=−1.6) and the kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD) is also substantial, i.e., 2.9. The reaction is assumed to involve the initial acetylation and the subsequent slow proton removal steps. Addition of sodium perchlorate or acetic acid accelerates the acetoxy exchange reaction rather than the Pummerer reaction.
Anionic Copolymerization of Butadiene and 1,1-Diphenylethylene
Authors: Yuki Heimei , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The anionic copolymerization of butadiene (M1) and 1,1-diphenylethylene was investigated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and benzene, using n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), Na-naphthalene, and Na-and K-dispersions as initiators. An alternating copolymer was formed in THF, where the reaction proceeded without termination and chain-transfer reactions. The monomer reactivity ratios, r1 were 0.13 (Li+), 0.09 (Na+), and 0.09 (K+) in THF at 0°C. The r1 values in benzene at 40°C were 54 (Li+), 0.71 (Na+), and 0.10 (K+). The order of rate constants in THF was k12&gt;k11&gt;k21; the last of these was 0.27m−1 sec−1, with n-BuLi at 0°C.
Studies on Hydrogenolysis. LVI. The Effect of Solvent and Additive on the Stereochemistry of Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of 2-Methyl-2-phenylaziridine Derivatives
Authors: Sugi Yoshihiro , Mitsui Sekio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to assess the effects of solvent and additive on the stereochemical course of the catalytic hydrogenolysis of styrene imine derivatives, the hydrogenolysis of optically active 2-methyl-2-phenylaziridine (Ia), 1,2-dimethyl-2-phenylaziridine (Ib), and l-acetyl-2-methyl-2-phenylaziridine (Ic) was carried out under various conditions. The hydrogenolysis of la and Ib over palladium hydroxide occurred preferentially with an inversion of the configuration in ethanol, but with a retention in benzene. Moreover, Ia was hydrogenolysed with a predominant inversion of the configuration in n-hexane, and the inverted product increased with a decrease in the adsorption strength of the hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrogenolysis of Ic, however, occurred with a significant inversion of the configuration in both ethanol and benzene. The addition of sodium hydroxide to the reaction mixture strongly promoted a retention of the configuration in the hydrogenolysis of Ia over palladium hydroxide, and finally Ia was hydrogenolysed with a stereospecific retention. In contrast, no such variations could be observed in the cases of Ib and Ic. The stereoselectivity was not affected significantly by the addition of sodium hydroxide in the Raney nickel-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of Ia. However, the addition of sodium hydroxide prompted a retention of the configuration in the case of Ib. These results can be explained consistently by the previously-proposed mechanism.
Reaction of Cobalt Hydrotetracarbonyl with Acetylene
Authors: Iwashita Yuji , Tamura Fumihide , Wakamatsu Hachiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of cobalt hydrotetracarbonyl with acetylene was carried out in methanol as a model of the carboxylation of acetylene. The complexes formed in this reaction were identified by means of IR, NMR, EA and molecular weight measurement. The main product was acetylene dicobalt hexacarbonyl. From the decomposition reaction of this complex in ethanol, ethyl acrylate, ethyl propionate and diethyl succinate were obtained. The yield of ethyl acrylate increased in the presence of carbon monoxide. The reaction course from acetylene to acrylate was examined.
Magnetic Susceptibilities of Chloroform Mixtures
Authors: Gopalakrishnan R 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Magnetic susceptibilities of nine typical liquid mixtures were determined as a function of concentration. Deviations from an additive law were observed for these mixtures of chloroform with triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, α-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, diphenyl ether, toluene, nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene. The observed deviations are explained on the basis of hydrogen bond formation.
Photo-Ionization of Molecules in Solutions. VI. Studies on the Photo-current Arising from the Flash-Excitation of Aromatics in Solutions
Authors: Imura Takeshi , Yamamoto Naoto , Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A technique is described for the study of the photocurrent due to the transient ionic species produced by the flash photolysis of aromatics in solutions at room temperature. The technique has proved to give valuable information in a way complementary to conventional flash spectrometry. The photo-ionization of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was studied by this method in polar and non-polar solvents. The photocurrents of the solutions of some electron donor-acceptor systems were also measured, and the results were compared with that obtained from flash spectrometry. The recombination rate constants of the ionic species were estimated from the decay of transient photocurrents.
Macro Chelate Rings. III. Syntheses and Configurations of Complexes of New Ligands, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)-diphenyl Ether and 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)diphenylamine
Authors: Okawa Hisashi , Koyama Hiroyuki , Inazu Takahiko , Yoshino Tamotsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two quadridentate chelating agents, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)diphenyl ether and 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bis(salicylideneaminoinethyl)diphenylarnine, which may form a metal complex with a ten-membered chelate ring, were synthesized by a sequence of steps. The cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes could be derived from the ligands. Their configurations around the central divalent metal ion were explored on the basis of the absorption in the ligand field in a solution. A tetrahedral configuration for cobalt(II) complexes as well as the zinc(II) complexes, and a pseudo-tetrahedral configuration for the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes, were concluded.