bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ÜBER DEN ENZYMATISCHEN ABBAU VON D,L-3-METHOXY-4-HYDROXY-MANDELSÄURE ZU VANILLINSÄURE
Authors: Dirscherl Wilhelm , Brisse Betty 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The dehydrogenation of DL-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-glyoxylic acid by fractions of the rat liver, 20β-hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase (1. 1. 1.53, C = 20-dihydrocortisone: NAD oxidoreductase) and cells of pseudomonas fluorescens Type IV, as well as fractions obtained of this strain, was proved by paper chromatography of the incubation extracts. Quantitative measurements and kinetic research was only possible with cells of pseudomonas fluorescens and fractions obtained of them.
The enzymatic activity is bound to the particles of the pseudomonas cells and the microsomes of the rat liver. Until now it was only possible to get just a small amount into solution.
THE THREE-HOUR CONVERSION RATIO: A TEST FOR HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Wiener Jan D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum organic radioiodine was determined at 3 and 24 h after an oral tracer dose of 131I. With the method used radioactive iodoamino acids (radio-IAA) rather than total protein-bound radioiodine was measured. The radio-IAA was expressed both as such (%/l serum) and as the conversion ratio (CR, % of total serum radioactivity). The results of these measurements and of 3 and 24 h % uptake determinations were compared in 181 euthyroid and 59 hyperthyroid patients sent for routine diagnostic assessment of thyroid function with 131I.
The 3-h radio-IAA did not have any diagnostic value.
The diagnostic accuracy of the 3-h CR equalled or surpassed that of the other tests. It was found to discriminate eu- from hyperthyroidism even in the presence of iodine deficiency (where % uptake tests fail) and small thyroidal iodine pools (where other serum tests fail). Only in renal insufficiency and in cardiac failure may the 24-h radio-IAA effect a better differentiation between hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients.
A fair degree of correlation between the 3-h CR and the 24-h radio-IAA was found both in hyperthyroid and in euthyroid patients with small thyroidal iodine pools, but the variation of the 3-h CR with the 24-h radio-IAA was much smaller in the latter group.
Values for several parameters tended to decrease with increasing age. Factors influencing the radio-IAA and CR are discussed.
The new test should increase the diagnostic accuracy obtainable with the short-lived isotope 132I.
THE DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 11-DEOXYCORTISOL (COMPOUND S) IN LATE PREGNANCY URINE
Authors: Dässler C.-G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Paper chromatographic separation of Porter-Silber chromogenic 11-deoxycorticosteroids extracted from late pregnancy urine resulted in the detection of 11-deoxycortisol (Compound S). The amounts of urinary tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS) excreted by pregnant women seemed to be higher than those excreted by non-pregnant females.
OESTROGEN-INDUCED GLYCOGENESIS IN THE UTERI OF FASTED AND INSULIN-TREATED HYPOGLYCAEMIC RATS
Authors: Wood Joan R. , Wrenn T. Randall , Bitman Joel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Uterine glycogen was found to be markedly resistent to the stress of both prolonged fasting and insulin treatment, even though blood glucose levels were drastically lowered. Under these hypoglycaemic conditions the uterus was found to maintain its glycogen synthetic response, and oestradiol administration caused increases in both uterine glucose and glycogen. Insulin-induced decreases in blood glucose were partially restored by the oestrogen treatment.
NATRIURETIC ACTIVITY OF 16α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN MAN
Authors: Jacobs David R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 16α-hydroxyprogesterone on sodium, chloride and potassium balance was studied in four »normal« human subjects and one patient with hypopituitary adrenocortical insufficiency on a metabolic ward. Each subject was maintained on a constant intake of sodium, chloride, and potassium, and the daily 24-hour urinary excretion of these electrolytes and creatinine was measured, together with serial determinations of the corresponding serum concentrations. In three of the »normal« subjects, the administration of 16α-hydroxyprogesterone induced a saluresis, unaccompanied by a significant change in the potassium balance or endogenous creatinine clearance. A similar effect was observed in the patient with adrenocortical insufficiency, who was treated concomitantly with large dosages of deoxycorticosterone. One apparently »normal« subject, whose glomerular filtration rate was abnormally low, failed to respond to the administration of the steroid. These results indicate that 16α-hydroxyprogesterone is capable of exerting a natriuretic and chloruretic effect, similar to that observed with spironolactone and certain other endogenous adrenal steroids.
RESPONSE OF NEONATAL FEMALE RATS TO RESERPINE AND TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Simmons J. Emmett , Lusk Marilyn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Neonatal female rats treated with testosterone (12.5 μg/day) from days 4–8, or with a single injection of 62.5 μg of testosterone propionate on day 5, exhibit the persistent oestrus-anovulatory syndrome. The simultaneous injection of 6 μg reserpine/day (days 4–8) or a single injection of 30 μg of reserpine failed to alter the effect of testosterone propionate. Neonatal administration of reserpine alone, whether in multiple or single injections of the same aforementioned dosages, exerted no deleterious effect on the oestrus cycles of female rats. However, the ovaries of reserpine treated animals were heavily luteinized.
PERFUSION OF HUMAN TERM PLACENTA IN SITU WITH C-19 AND C-18 STEROIDS
Authors: Bolté E. , Gattereau D. , Joly M. , Lefebvre Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five human term placentas were perfused in situ with a combination of dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H (DHA-3H) and testosterone-4-14C (T-14C). Five other similar placentas were perfused with dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H sulphate (DHAS-3H) and T-14C. Finally three placentas were perfused with 17β-oestradiol-4-14C (OE2-14C). After termination of each of these three perfusions, 17β-oestradiol-6,7-3H (OE2-3H) was administered into the antecubital vein of the mother.
The free C-19 compounds (DHA-3H and T-14C) were extensively aromatized; 80% of the material recovered from the placenta, perfusate and urine was in a phenolic form. Identification of this phenolic material from the placenta and perfusate revealed that oestrone (OE1) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) accounted for 95 % of this. No oestriol (OE3) or ring D phenolic 16-ketols could be detected. The conjugated compound (DHAS-3H) had a pattern of metabolism similar to that of the free compounds but was less extensively utilized. Analysis of the neutral material indicated a virtual absence of placental synthesis and/or release in the foetal circulation of T from DHA and DHAS.
The placental metabolism of OE2-14C favoured a preferential release of OE1-14C in the foetal circulation. The 16α-hydroxylation of an 18 carbon steroid could not be detected from the placenta, perfusate or from the material released in the maternal circulation.
The absence of 16α-hydroxylase activity in the placenta at term makes it necessary to look into the foetal or maternal compartments for a satisfactory explanation for the rapid rise in the oestriol production at term.
OESTROGEN TREATMENT IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Norman N. , Vogt J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 1963 we reported the case of a female, 32 years of age, with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia, and successfully treated with large doses of ethinyloestradiol and subsequent total bilateral adrenalectomy.
A round shadow which had been present in her left lung was still unchanged since first observed in 1956. A tumour consisting of closely packed cells, with partly granulated cytoplasm, and apparently nonmalignant, was removed from this lung in January 1967, 5 years after adrenalectomy.
After this operation the pigmentation of the patient's skin was reduced. Six months after the operation, while on 5 mg prednisolone administered daily in the morning, her blood plasma contained ACTH in the lower normal range, and β-MSH was not significantly raised.
If the tumour was ACTH producing, and was the cause of her Cushing's syndrome, this might explain the unusual and striking effect of the oestrogen treatment observed before adrenalectomy.
FREE THYROXINE IN SERUM AND ITS USE IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Liewendahl K. , Lamberg B-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Free thyroxine in serum was determined by an equilibrium dialysis method, using Sephadex gel filtration for the separation of iodide and thyroxine in the dialysate. The values for the percentage free thyroxine (PFT4), the absolute free thyroxine (AFT4) and the protein-bound iodine (PBI) were compared in healthy subjects, and in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
The group comprising euthyroid patients, which were being treated for non-thyroid diseases, showed a markedly wider range of values for all these parameters than did the group of healthy subjects. Hence, the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups showed a greater overlap with the euthyroid patient group than with the group of healthy subjects. AFT4, calculated from PFT4 and PBI, showed the greatest discriminating power, whereas PFT4 alone had the largest overlap between the groups. The importance of AFT4 and the need for replacing PBI by the determination of total thyroxine in the calculation is emphasized.
In a group of pregnant women the PFT4 was in the hypothyroid range and the AFT4 slightly but significantly below the normal mean. In lipoid nephrosis there was a trend towards an increase in PFT4, whereas the AFT4 was normal. PFT4 did not seem to be influenced by cholecystographic contrast media or iodochloroxyquinoline.
PROPRANOLOL AND THE UTILIZATION OF RADIOIODINE BY THE HUMAN THYROID GLAND
Authors: Hadden D. R. , Bell T. K. , McDevitt D. G. , Shanks R. G. , Montgomery D. A. D. , Weaver J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of propranolol on radioiodine utilization by the thyroid gland has been studied in 18 patients. All parameters of iodine uptake by the thyroid – initial 5–20 minutes after intravenous administration, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after oral administration were unaltered by propranolol administration. In three of four patients studied an increase in isotopically labelled serum PBI was observed after 8 days propranolol therapy.
IN VITRO STUDIES OF THE RELEASE MECHANISM FOR VASOPRESSIN IN RATS
Authors: Warberg Jørgen , Thorn Niels A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When isolated hemilobes from rat neurohypophyses were incubated for over 40 min in a Ca-free K2SO4 Locke solution containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5 mm) or iodoacetate (3 mm), the release of hormone, which occurs in an inhibitor-free control medium on addition of Ca, was depressed to a considerable extent. Incubation with 2,4-dinitrophenol-containing medium for shorter periods was less effective.
When hemilobes were incubated for 50 min in a modified Locke solution containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5 mm) the release of hormone induced by excess K was considerably decreased.
When N-ethylmaleimide was added to unstimulated hemilobes, the release of the hormone slowly increased.
The inhibition of secretion caused by metabolic inhibitors may be explained by inhibition of the maintenance of a small pool of »readily releasable« hormone or by inhibition of an energy-dependent step in the release process.
UPTAKE OF OXYTOCIN IN TISSUES AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF TRITIATED OXYTOCIN IN RATS
Authors: Sjöholm Ingvar , Rydén Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of oxytocin in the kidneys, liver, uterus and skeletal muscle of the rat was followed during 10 min after intravenous injection of tritium labelled oxytocin. Oxytocin was found to be taken up and degraded mainly in the kidneys and the liver. After 150 seconds no intact oxytocin could be detected in these organs.
The time course of the distribution of the radioactivity in the liver and the skeletal muscle showed no noteworthy characteristics, whereas a different course was found in the kidneys and in the uterus. In the kidneys, the radioactivity increased continuously from 60 to 200 seconds after the injection, indicating an accumulation of oxytocin or its metabolites in the kidneys. In the uterus a high initial uptake was observed, followed by a decrease of the radioactivity from 60 to 100 seconds after the injection. This distribution pattern was specific to oxytocin, since the uptake of tritiated tyrosine and tritiated water was almost constant during the same time period. These findings may indicate a preferential distribution of oxytocin to the uterus.
EFFECT OF POLYDIETHYLSTILBOESTROL PHOSPHATE ON THE PITUITARY CONTENT OF FSH AND ICSH IN MALE RATS
Authors: Perklev Torsten , Gröning Yngve 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of a single dose of polydiethylstilboestrol phosphate (PSP) on the pituitary content of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) was studied in intact, adult male rats after 7, 28, 103 and 161 days, respectively. The body weight and different organ weights were also recorded. The results were compared with those obtained in untreated controls and in rats treated with daily doses of diethylstilboestrol (DES) for 7 days.
The pituitary FSH and ICSH content in the control rats decreased roughly to about half during a period of approximately 5 months, i. e. from the 2nd to the 7th month of life. PSP (400 μg/100 g body weight) and DES (320 μg/100 g body weight) reduced the pituitary content of FSH and ICSH to approximately 35 and 50% of the control values, respectively, measured on the 7th day of treatment. The gonadotrophin inhibiting effect of PSP lasted for more than 103 days. On the other hand, on Day 28 the pituitary content of ICSH was normal and that of FSH significantly elevated in the DES-treated rats. On Day 161 both PSP- and DES-treated animals had a significantly increased ICSH content, while the FSH content was normal.
Body weights, as well as the weights of the testes and accessory glands were reduced both by DES and PSP as early as on the 7th day after the commencement of treatment. Complete restoration of these parameters in DES-treated animals was found on Day 103, while PSP exerted its effect for more than 161 days. Daily injections of 3 IU of FSH and 1.5 IU of ICSH administered in the form of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) to PSP-treated rats from the day of PSP injection for 14 days counteracted the weight loss of the testes and accessory glands, as well as the loss of body weight and the reduced food intake. The hypertrophy of the adrenals and the sterility produced by the administration of PSP were completely prevented by HMG injections.
THE HALF-LIFE OF PORCINE CORTICOTROPHIN IN PIGS
Authors: Murphy S. Salisbury , Donald R. A. , Nabarro J. D. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The plasma half-life of exogenous unlabelled porcine ACTH (Organon) and porcine (synthetic 1–39) ACTH 131I has been compared with that of endogenous ACTH in the domestic pig.
A sensitive radioimmune assay was used for measurement of exogenous and endogenous ACTH. With ACTH 131I, free undamaged hormone in the plasma was assessed by a technique using antibody binding and charcoal separation. The estimated half-life of porcine ACTH 131I and exogenous unlabelled porcine ACTH were found to be 13 and 28 min respectively. The half-life of endogenous ACTH measured following the abrupt termination of an insulin hypoglycaemic stimulus by intravenous glucose and dexamethasone was 7 min. Radioimmune assay of endogenous ACTH produced in physiological amounts was considered to be the best method of assessing the half-life of the hormone.
METABOLISM OF 16α-HYDROXY-PREGNENOLONE AND 17α-HYDROXY-PREGNENOLONE IN THE FOETOPLACENTAL UNIT AND MOTHER AT MIDGESTATION
Authors: Reynolds J. W. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A combination of 16α-hydroxy-pregnenolone-4-14C (3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) and 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone-7α-3H (3β,17α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) was injected in three cases at laparotomy into the intact foeto-placental circulation 15 minutes prior to the interruption of gestation. The metabolites present in the various foetal tissues, placentas and maternal urine specimens were isolated and identified.
The following 14C-labelled metabolites were isolated from the foetal tissues: 16α-hydroxy-20α-dihydro-pregnenolone (5-pregnene-3β,16α,20α-triol) from the liver and residual foetal tissues and 16α-hydroxy-progesterone (16α-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) from the adrenals, liver and residual foetal tissues. The following 3H-labelled metabolites were isolated: pregnenetriol (5-pregnene-3β,17α,20α-triol) from the liver, gastrointestinal tract and residual foetal tissues, and cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one) from the adrenals.
From the placentas the following 14C-labelled metabolites were isolated: 16α-hydroxy-progesterone and 16-dehydro-progesterone (4,16-pregnadiene-3,20-dione). The following 3H-labelled placental metabolites were isolated: 17α-hydroxy-preogesterone (17α-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione), 17α-hydroxy-20α-dihydro-progesterone (17α,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) and androstenedione (4-androstene-3,17-dione).
Two 14C-labelled urinary metabolites were isolated: 16α-hydroxy-progesterone and isopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5β,17α-pregnan-20-one). The following 3H-labelled urinary metabolites were isolated: pregnanetriol (5β-pregnane-3α,17α.20α-triol), 17α-hydroxy-pregnanolone (3α,17α-dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one), aetiocholanolone (3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one) and oestriol.
No metabolites containing both the 14C- and 3H-labels were detected in any of the sources studied. A careful search was made for the presence of 16α,17α-dihydroxy-pregnenolone (3β,16α,17α-trihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) and 16α,17α-dihydroxy-progesterone (16α,17α-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) in all sources, but with negative results.
Two schemes are presented describing the metabolism of 16α-hydroxy-pregnenolone and 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone in the foeto-placental unit and maternal organism at midgestation.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN ON THE FEEDBACK CONTROL OF CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE
Authors: Asfeldt V. H. , Buhl J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Suppression of plasma corticosteroids by dexamethasone was studied in 4 control subjects before and during treatment with diphenylhydantoin (DPH), and also in 14 epileptic patients, 13 of whom received DPH while one received primidone.
At 8 a. m. the mean value of plasma corticosteroids in 31 normal subjects 9 hours after one mg of dexamethasone given orally was less than 4.4 μg/100 ml, but in the epileptic patients the plasma corticosteroids were not suppressed to this control level. Similar experiments in the control subjects demonstrated that during treatment with DPH an insufficient response to one mg dexamethasone is found. When suppression with 2 mg of dexamethasone given orally was repeated in 4 epileptic patients and in two control subjects receiving DPH, the plasma corticosteroids still did not decrease below 4.4 μg/100 ml. After 4 mg of dexamethasone, however, the plasma corticosteroids were suppressed to values of about 4.4 μg/100 ml in 4 out of 7 epileptic patients and in two control subjects receiving DPH.
A normal diurnal rhythm of plasma corticosteroids was found in 7 out of 9 epileptic patients and in 3 control subjects receiving DPH.
Krieger (1962) and Rinne (1966) observed a limited response to metyrapone in patients treated with DPH. This observation and the insufficient suppression of plasma corticosteroids by dexamethasone found in patients receiving DPH, is most likely a consequence of a partial inhibition of the feedback control of corticotrophin (ACTH) release. Since DPH does not appear to interfere with diurnal rhythm of ACTH release, it is most unlikely that the diurnal rhythm of ACTH release is dependent solely on a negative feedback mechanism.
In patients receiving DPH, the metyrapone test and the one mg dexamethasone test are of no value in the diagnosis of pituitary-adrenal diseases.
VARIABLE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED OESTRADIOL BY THE ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS IN THE POSTPUBERTAL FEMALE RAT
Authors: Kato Junzo , Inaba Machiko , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cyclic changes in phase with the oestrous cycle with regard to the amount of radioactive oestradiol taken up by the anterior hypothalamus were found in postpubertal rats following the injection of a physiological dose of tritiated oestradiol. Uptake at prooestrus was lower than that at dioestrus. In contrast no fluctuations in the concentration of the radioactivity in the other parts of brain, the hypophysis, and muscle or plasma were observed throughout the oestrous cycle. These findings suggest that the oestradiol receptor in the anterior hypothalamus of the rat is involved in the physiological regulation and maintenance of cyclical changes of the hypothalamo-pituitary system through the mechanism of action of feedback of oestrogen.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PLASMA OR WHOLE BLOOD CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE
Authors: Butte John C. , Noble Ernest P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An inexpensive, simple and relatively brief method is described for the simultaneous determination of corticosterone and cortisol in human plasma. Adrenal steroids are extracted from samples of 0.05–2 ml of plasma by methylene chloride and separated by partition chromatography on Celite 535 using methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride as eluting solvents. Cortisol and corticosterone are estimated by a fluorometric procedure. This method is also applicable for the determination of adrenal steroids in dog blood and rat plasma. Comparable values to the double isotope derivative technique are obtained for corticoid levels greater than 1 μg/100 ml plasma.
THE INFLUENCE OF IODINE IN THYROID IODINE ACCUMULATION AND TURNOVER IN EUTHYROID AUSTRALIAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Myhill J. , Oddie T. H. , Hales I. B. , Fisher D. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a whole-body counting technique with 131I-labelled thyroxine, measurements were made in euthyroid volunteers of fractional thyroxine degradation rate, total thyroxine turnover and thyroidal secretion of thyroxine. Thyroidal accumulation of 127I was also calculated from the chemical assay of 24-hour urine. The measurements were made in 18 subjects during the administration of 0, 100 and 200 μg of thyroxine per day in successive seven-week periods, and in 10 subjects during the administration of 0, 252 and 1009 μg of iodide daily in successive thirteen-week periods. When thyroxine was administered, the fall in thyroidal secretion rate was found to be parallel to the fall in radioiodine clearance rate. However, during administration of iodide thyroidal radioiodine clearance fell without appreciable alteration in total turnover of thyroxine. In addition thyroid iodine turnover increased progressively with increasing iodine intake and reached a mean value of 221 μg daily on a mean intake of 1250 μg I daily. The data indicate that the total body turnover of thyroxine is the quantity which is maintained in thyroid homeostasis. These data also indicate that the most significant effects on thyroid function of a chronic moderate increase in iodine intake are a) an inhibition of iodide concentrating activity, and b) an augmentation of nonthyronine iodide secretion. Neither effect is mediated by TSH.