bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Technology Services for the Big Crew Change: An Indian IT Services Perspective
Authors: Lasrado Vineet , Pande Anil 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
This paper will discuss how and Exploration & Production Companies / National Oil Companies (NOCs) can leverage global Information technology services companies from India (or other talent surplus countries), to virtually expand the existing talent pool of the Industry. Exploration & Production industry trends, contrasts between the developed and developing markets such as India, capability of Indian IT services sector, and areas where IT services can make a contribution will be discussed. Based on the above factors, the potential of the IT services sector to build IT Solutions and create new talent for the industry will be analyzed.
Outsourcing of services to Oilfield Service Providers has been one of the strategies used to solve some of the people shortage problems in the industry. This has also allowed E&P companies to focus on their ‘core competency’ which is the exploration and production of oil and gas. A similar strategy which global Exploration & Production companies are tending to adopt in Information technology is IT Services Outsourcing. This helps the companies use their existing manpower, reduce costs, as also to let IT service companies do more of the ‘digital’ type work in E&P. Although IT outsourcing may have started purely based for cost reduction, IT outsourcing now has the strategic advantage of better access to talent and capabilities1. IT service providers can help in areas like Remote management of operations, basic collaborative operations, problem solving, leveraging associated Knowledge Management, and real time Data Management - which require a mix of Exploration & Production industry domain and IT experience. An increasing number of people with such experience would be required by the Industry with the increasing importance of IT function as a strategic part of business, and with the ‘Digitization’ of many functions.
The combination of a growing Exploration & Production Industry, Operators, NOCs as well as Vendors combined with the growth of the global software services sector and the availability of a large labour force in developing countries has the potential to contribute IT solutions and create an extended talent pool of professionals who can serve the global Exploration & Production industry and help solve the looming ‘crew change’ crisis.
Dual Activities without the Second Derrick— A Success Story
Authors: Webb Tamara , Selamat Kasim , Fletcher Billy 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Kikeh Field is located 120 km from Labuan in offshore Sabah Malaysia. The field, with 1330 m water depth, is the first deepwater development in Malaysia and consists of subsea and SPAR development wells.
The West Setia is a non-propelled Semi-Submersible Drilling Tender being used for SPAR development activities. The Drilling Tender utilizes six stability columns supported by a twin-hull configuration. However, the derrick and partial rig package still sits on the SPAR (or platform deck) to carry out drilling and completion operations.
The completion program covers not only standard scope of installation, i.e. lower, middle and upper completion, but also includes displacing fluid with nitrogen for riser dewatering and well clean up and testing. Several logging operations also were identified as tasks to be delivered during completion operations.
Considering the wide scope of completion work outlined in the program, a detailed work assessment was conducted focusing on areas where offline activities could be conducted safely and efficiently. As a result of the assessment, at least seven completion-related activities were identified.
During the first batch of SPAR completions which involved five wells, the result showed that the following activities were successfully completed offline, allowing the rig to be utilized for critical path operations: Tubular make up and racking backTree installationRiser annulus dewateringSetting/testing Mudline Hanger Packer (MLHP)Installation of flowline jumper and umbilicalClean up and flow testing the wellCement and reservoir evaluation loggingProduction Riser Tensioner installation and commissioningCycling and opening Formation Isolation Valve (FIV)
This paper will describe in detail each of the operations involved, discuss rig capabilities and limits, and explain the challenges, safety considerations and lessons learned from the project as well as the time savings and value created from each of the activities.
The Blossoming of Talent through Facilitating Articulation and Pursuit of Choices
Authors: Sen Ashis 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Need for Change
With increasing globalization, Inidan consumers enjoy choices like never before. Consequently, primacy of customer satisfaction is the new belief system of Inidan Organizations. The Changed belief system simultaneously demands and fules innovation; which in turn underlines the need for continous learing and development. After all innovation is not a caus, it is the result of organizational learning.
To learn, the learning objectives must be meaningful to the learner. He must find learning a personal need rather than the foisted need of the organization. For e.g. children learn the difficult skills of football despite challenges, because playing the gaem well as an objective, is dear to them. Rarely if ever, one bcomes a great foobballer since the school or state needs one.
Our managers discovered that constancy was giving way to rapid changes in the market place. Under conditions of rapid change, organizational climate needs to encourage innovation, risk taking and facilitate quick learning. To make this happen people need to challenge, culutural norms, established rules and procedures to ascertain their validity. Such acts need an enabling organizational climate fostered by successful leadership.

The Methodology
We are aware that work that is intrinsically rewarding to the individual generates the best. Kindling of intrinsic motivation by enabling and encouraging employees to visualize a desired future is leadership. We followed this process. Though, the process of involving people in crafting the organizational desired destiny was time intensive and arduous, the results in terms of employee engagement and leadership development has been invaluable, moving them from assigned work to self aspired challeges. Peoples’ movements forbid shorcuts.

Significant Results
Kindling intrinsic motivation by facilitating articulation and pursuit of choices enables us to attract, nurture and retain talent. Also, significant business results in terms of profits and market share have also been recorded.
New Cement Systems Developed for Sidetrack Drilling
Authors: Al-Yami A. S. , Nasr-El-Din H. A. , Jennings S. , Khafaji A. , Al-Humaidi A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Directional drilling makes it possible to drill multilateral wells into different parts of a reservoir from a single wellbore. Many directional wells are drilled to reach reservoirs inaccessible from a point directly above because of surface obstacles or geologic obstruction. Wellbore sidetrack drilling operations with hard cement plugs have been used for years. Placing cement plug in the borehole and allowing the cement to develop high compressive strength perform sidetracking technique. The hardened cement plug when drilled deflects the bit away from the current borehole, starting another open hole section.
Conventional cement formulations for sidetrack kickoffs usually fail when the ROP (Rate of Penetration) for the cement plugs is much more than the ROP in the formation Sidetracking failures, in building up kickoff angles, results in operational delays and cost overrun. High sonic compressive strength cement system with slow ROP should be designed and developed specifically for side tracking operations.
A rate of penetration device was used to optimize cement formulations to determine the ROP through cement plugs. Different chemicals for building up sonic compressive strength were evaluated. Special types of cements were designed and evaluated for possible use for sidetrack kick-off plugs. The effect of inert particles on the sonic compressive strength and ROP were investigated. The cement slurry was cured for 24 hours in the Ultrasonic cell at bottom hole static temperatures of 260-290°F and a bottom hole pressure of 4,700 psi to represent gas well conditions and 200-250°F and 2,200 psi for oil wells. The outcome of this work was cement formulations with high potential (high sonic compressive strength and slow ROP) that can be used to drill horizontal and multilateral wells.
Reservoir Characterization and Structural Correlation Using Shear Seismic and Pressure Data Integration in Ravva Field: An Innovative Technique
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Ravichandran V. , Kelly Damian 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Ravva oil and gas field is located offshore, eastern India, in the shallow waters of the Bay of Bengal. The field is operated by a Joint Venture of which Cairn India Ltd. is the Operator. The field has completed 15 years of production from Middle Miocene reservoir, with over 9 years on plateau production of 50,000 BOPD. The field has two oil blocks, designated as RA/D block and RE/F/B block. The latter is the smaller of the two: it accounts for nearly a quarter of Ravva STOIIP. Until an integrated reservoir modeling study was undertaken in 2004/05, the RE/F/B block was generally recognized as an area with poor understanding of structure and hydrodynamics. This lack of understanding was attributable to three main factors: a) attenuated seismic response in the central RF area due to the presence of gas at the shallower Late Miocene level b) complex compartmentalization with low net-to-gross and c) the Class II AVO response presented by hydrocarbon-charged Middle Miocene reservoir sands. To overcome these challenges, shear reflectivity (Rs) data, in conjunction with derivative rock property attributes and validated by dynamic pressure data, was used to develop a new geological model: the basis of an infill drilling campaign comprising of one producer and two injectors. The infill drilling campaign has now been carried out and the proposed wells have achieved their objectives.
This paper presents the novelty of the multi-disciplinary approach, in which shear information, inherent in the p-wave seismic gathers, was leveraged and integrated with reservoir pressures and other geotechnical data to make a representative model and realize a successful drilling campaign.
Very Low Water Saturations within the Sandstones of the Northern Barmer Basin, India
Authors: O'Sullivan T. , Zittel R. J. , Beliveau D. , Wheaton S. , Warner H. R. , Woodhouse R. , Ananthkrishnan B 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya Fields were discovered in early 2004 in the northern Barmer Basin of Rajasthan, in northwestern India. The data acquired in the field wells (including almost two kilometers of core) enabled a precise estimation of field stock tank oil initially in place (STOIIP). This paper summarizes the techniques that allowed the estimate of STOIIP to be more precisely defined and to be revised upward by 12%, a substantial increase when dealing with a billion barrel field (Mangala Field). Initial evaluation of the log data indicated a sequence of clean, quartzose sandstones with porosity greater than 25%. High porosities together with resistivity in the oil column over 5,000ohm-m, suggested that water saturations (Sw) were ~15% or even less. Based on the initial data and conventional techniques, the initial STOIIP estimates were made for the three fields.
An extensive core analysis programme was begun in appraisal wells, with the objective of improved definition of the actual reservoir STOIIP's. Two appraisal wells were cored with synthetic oil based mud, and Dean-Stark Sw analyses were done. In addition to routine core analyses and the Dean-Stark Sw data, a sizeable set of other special core analyses is also available. This includes extensive capillary pressure data, laboratory NMR, and core electrical properties measurements.
The petrophysical dataset verifies the existence of Sw's that are typically less than 5%PV, and often near 1%PV, in a very high-permeability and high-porosity reservoir containing little clay. The reservoir contains a medium gravity, highly paraffinic oil, and is moderately oil-wet. The various laboratory datasets challenged some of the traditional assumptions concerning the use of Archie constants in such reservoirs for Sw calculations. The upward revision of STOIIP is significant, and can be principally attributed to the more accurate estimation of reservoir fluid saturations. As this work demonstrates that very low Sw values exist in the Barmer Basin, the Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya fields can provide a model for the appropriate economic evaluation of similar reservoirs.
The laboratory results challenge some of the traditional thinking about the petrophysical properties of reservoirs such as these. It is indeed possible, that high quality reservoirs can have initial water saturations lower than 5% of pore volume on average, and with some zones less than 1%. Conventional log tools and analysis methods will not reveal these low levels without integration with core data and appropriately designed core analysis programmes. Also, and perhaps more importantly, this work clearly demonstrates the economic worth of extensive laboratory measurements and analyses on high-volume, high-value reservoirs such as those of the Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya Fields.
Assisted History Matching as a useful tool: An example from Trinidad
Authors: Walker Greg J. , Kromah Molyama , Pham Hung , Adeyeye Deji , Winchester Arlene 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The goal of all history matching for the reservoir models is to generate accurate predictions. There is also an assumption that a better history match should lead to a more accurate prediction, which can lead an asset team to concentrate on a single model.
The assisted history match techniques allow us to generate multiple models that satisfy the surveillance 1, and understand a range of outcomes for a set of models. What we need is to provide assurance that we are searching correctly for the range in outcomes, to understand the interaction between uncertainty, surveillance, and the business decision.
This paper describes an example for the Mahogany field in Trinidad, which is mainly gas with a thin oil rim. As the reservoir pressure is decreasing, there is a window of opportunity to drill an additional well.
The first task is to determine the correct value of a new gas well, to protect against water encroachment. The Mahogany field used BP's Top Down Reservoir Modeling (TDRM™) to test a hypothesis - is it possible to find models that match history, and have certain key features in the future? In this case we are specifically looking for a scenario with water at the existing gas well locations. Since the system is generating discrete models, we can then test which new gas well locations would mitigate the water.
We've also been able to use an idea from our Alaskan operations, and consider water injection with a dump flood. The appraisal of the water injection has been performed using computer assisted depletion planning tools (TDDP™ 2) to assess the best location and strategy for such a well.
Application of a Novel Open-Hole Horizontal Well Completion in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Naimi K. M. , Lee B. O. , Bartko K. M. , Kelkar S. K. , Shaheen M. , Al-Jalal Z. , Johnston B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Horizontal completion technology has progressed dramatically over the last six years, with the latest technical barriers being eclipsed with open-hole technology. These completions have allowed multiple zones to be fractured and the benefits of utilizing open-hole horizontal completion technology have been well documented. The efficiencies and benefits of utilizing open-hole completion with mechanical isolation, has lead to the operational benefits of multiple fracturing operations being pumped in one continuous operation equating to time savings, more efficient fractures, faster cleanup and less safety hazards. Conventional methods of cementing a liner in place, perforating, fracturing and repeating the process for the number of stages required can be very time consuming with added expense of removing the frac plugs with coiled tubing after the operations have been completed.
When drilling a horizontal well, there are two preferred completion options. First, the horizontal section can be completed open-hole or with slotted/preperforated liner. In these completions effective stimulation along the horizontal wellbore is almost impossible. The second completion system, cased/perforated liner, requires cementing the production liner and running multiple isolation systems to effectively treat different sections of the wellbore. Multiple coiled tubing trips and multiple rig-up and rig-down of the stimulation equipment is required. These multi-stage horizontal completions take weeks to complete at high costs and elevated risks. Ultimately, the high completion costs or the lack of production due to ineffective stimulation make many reservoirs uneconomical to exploit.
This paper will discuss the new completion designed specifically for open-hole fracturing of both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. This innovative, field proven system greatly increases the effectiveness of fracturing operations by segmenting the lateral and producing mechanical isolation points in the wellbore using the high performance open-hole packers. The system allows precision placement of fracturing fluids to maximize post-fracture productivity of the well. The completion system is run as part of an uncemented liner and spaced out based on the required number of stages. Once in place the packers are hydraulically set and fracturing treatments are pumped in separate stages but as a single continuous operation. By eliminating cementing requirements, natural fractures are undamaged and easily stimulated during pumping operations.
Effect of operating conditions on biomass growth during citric acid production by solid-state fermentation
Authors: Gasiorek Elżbieta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of aeration, agitation, and bed loading on biomass and product concentration during citric acid biosynthesis by solid-state fermentation was investigated. For this purpose, Aspergillus niger S was cultivated on sugar beet pulp in a 4.5 dm3 horizontal rotating drum bioreactor. The results suggest that the parameters examined have a remarkable effect on the quantity of biomass being formed and on the product concentration. The maximum citric acid production (about 150 g per kg of the substrate dry matter) was obtained under the following conditions: aeration rate 0.2 dm3 kg−1 min−1, mixing (periodical) 1 min once an hour, and bed loading 30 % of the bioreactor working volume. However, these values did not favour biomass formation. Moreover, it was found that accumulation of the product reached its maximum when the amount of biomass was minimal (approximately 252-29 g per kg of the substrate dry matter) under the conditions involved.
Asymmetric synthesis of 2,6-substituted dihydropyrone catalyzed by 3-monosubstituted and 3,3′-bisubstituted BINOL titanium complexes
Authors: Yu Hong , Zhang Ji , Zhao Yuan-Cong , Wang Na , Wang Qin , Yang Xin-Bin , Yu Xiao-Qi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAsymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reactions of aromatic aldehydes with Danishefsky’s diene derivative were carried out smoothly in the presence of the Ti(IV)-(R)-BINOL (1:1.2) complex to give the corresponding chiral 2,6-disubstituted dihydropyrones under mild conditions. The readily accessible I-Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 (1.2:1) complex was found to be an effective catalyst for this reaction. Aromatic aldehydes afforded the corresponding products in moderate yields (up to 72 %) with good enantioselectivities (up to 80 % ee). Aromatic aldehydes in presence of the TiCl4-NaOCH3-II (1:4.2:1.2) complex gave the products in higher yields (up to 73 %) with better enantioseletivities (up to 84 % ee).
Synthesis of new quinoxalinophenazinediones and tetrahydrobenzodipyrrolotetrones of biological interest
Authors: Hammam Ahmed , Youssef Mohamed , Atta Ferial , Mohamed Thana 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe reaction of two equivalents of sodium azide with diarylaminodibromo-p-benzoquinone (I) in DMF for 15–24 h produced quinoxalinophenazinediones together with a byproduct identified as diarylaminodiaminobenzoquinone. On the other hand, the reaction of bromanil with active methylenes, such as diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate, resulted in disubstitution products which, on treatment with primary amines, cyclized into benzodipyrroletetrones. Comparative antifungal and antibacterial studies were made.
Dicyclopentadiene hydrogenation in trickle-bed reactor under forced periodic control
Authors: Skála David , Hanika Jiří 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe behavior of a trickle-bed reactor under controlled periodic conditions was investigated. Hydrogenation of dicyclopentadiene (tricyclo(5,2,1,0)-deca-3,8-diene, DCPD) on an egg-shell type palladium catalyst was chosen as a model reaction. Isothermal hydrogenation of DCPD was carried out at atmospheric pressure under a periodic feed rate control regime. Optimal value of the reaction rate was found at period split of 0.5 and period length of 60 s. While the reaction rate increased by 12 % compared to the steady state regime, the selectivity of the DCPD hydrogenation decreased. This result was probably caused by a higher concentration of adsorbed hydrogen on the catalyst surface in the periodic regime.
Multiple model estimation: A convex model formulation
Authors: Hallouzi R. , Verhaegen M. , Kanev S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe multiple model (MM) framework provides an elegant solution to adaptive filtering problems. An important issue in the MM framework is how the estimation is performed. In this paper, a brief overview is given of the mainstream methods for MM estimation and a new method is proposed. Contrary to existing methods that mostly adopt a hybrid model structure, the newly proposed method uses a more general MM framework that allows for weighted combinations of the local models. The main advantage of this framework is that it has better model interpolation properties. These improved properties allow for smaller model sets, which are very useful in, for example, fault detection and identification (FDI) of partial faults. The improved interpolation properties are demonstrated by means of two simulation examples, one in which an FDI problem is addressed, and one in which a target tracking problem is addressed. Monte Carlo simulation results of these two examples are given. In these simulations, the well‐known interacting IMM filter is compared with two estimation algorithms based on the proposed model structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versatility and Vicissitude: An Introduction to Performance in Morpho‐Ecological Design
Authors: Hensel Michael , Menges Achim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe dictionary explanation of ‘performance’ is to ‘carry out an action’ or ‘to fulfil a task’. Invariably, this definition seems to invoke a tired utilitarian debate on the correlation between form and function. Here, Michael Hensel and Achim Menges explain how in this issue of AD they aim to move the debate on entirely. In so doing, they redefine form not as the shape of a material object alone, but as the multitude of effects, the milieu of conditions, modulations and microclimates that emanate from the exchange of an object with its specific environment – a dynamic relationship that is both perceived and interacted with by a subject. Performance evolves from the synthesis of this dynamic, while morpho‐ecological design concerns an instrumental approach, making form and function less of a dualism and more of a synergy that aspires to integral design solutions and an alternative model for sustainability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.