bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of NO adsorption/dissociation on Pd (100) and (111) surfaces
Authors: Jia Xiang Feng , Yu Shuai Qin , Wang Ze Xin , Ma Yongshan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBoth adsorption and dissociation of the diatomic molecular NO on Pd (100) and (111) surfaces are studied using the extended London‐Eyring‐Polyani‐Sato (LEPS) method constructed by means of 5‐MP (the 5‐parameter Morse potential). All critical characteristics of the system that we obtain, such as adsorption geometry, binding energy, eigenvalues for vibration, are in good agreement with the experimental results. On Pd (100) surface, NO prefers to adsorb in fourfold hollow site (H) uprightly at low coverage. With increase in the coverage NO gradually tilts in fourfold hollow and bridge sites. For NOPd (111) system, two adsorption states are found at low coverage, of which one adsorption state is the B(tilt) state that the centroid of NO projects at bridge site, another (HBH state) that NO almost parallels to the (111) surface with the vibration frequency of 610 cm−1, but the frequency is near to that of the atoms, which is easy to be ignored in experiments. At high coverage, two transitional states (BH and HT) are found. NO is difficult to dissociate on Pd (100) and (111) surfaces. Especially for NOPd (111) system, the three‐well‐potential dissociation mode is initially put forward to show the remarkable dissociation process with two dissociation transitional states of NO on Pd (111). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Private Law Models for Public Law Concepts: The Roman Law Theory of Dominium in the Monarchomach Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty
Authors: Lee Daniel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe essay traces the juridical origins of the modern doctrine of popular sovereignty as developed by the monarchomach jurists of the late sixteenth century. Particularly, the use of doctrines from the Roman law of property explains the sovereign right of the people to resist and reconstitute the commonwealth. Reviving the civilian concept of dominium during the French Wars of Religion and dynastic royal politics, these radical jurists articulated the claim that the people, not kings, have property rights over the commonwealth. By conceptualizing the people corporately as property-owners in this way, they were able to draw on legal arguments from Roman law to justify popular resistance as an assertion of a corporate property right. In doing so, the monarchomachs expressed an elaborate theory of state and sovereignty within the grammar of the Roman private law.
Political Membership in the Contractarian Defense of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Ypi Lea 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article assesses the recent use of contractarian strategies for the justification of cosmopolitan distributive principles. It deals in particular with the cosmopolitan critique of political membership and tries to reject the claim that political communities are arbitrary for the scope of global justice. By focusing on the circumstances of justice, the nature of the parties, the veil of ignorance, and the sense of justice, the article tries to show that the cosmopolitan critique of political membership modifies the contractarian premises in a way that is both unwarranted and unnecessary. While failing to establish principles of global distributive justice, existing cosmopolitan adaptations of the social contract device simply weaken the method's justificatory potential.
Eros and Moderation in Plutarch'sLife of Solon
Authors: Hertzoff Andrew 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPlutarch is generally not considered a philosopher in his own right. However, a careful reading of his life of Solon, the Athenian lawgiver, in conjunction with an examination of his philosophical essays, shows that Plutarch is engaged in a debate with Epicureans and Stoics whose misjudgments of the worth and limits of human passions lead them knowingly or unknowingly to draw lines between the happy philosophical life and the life of politics. Through the life of Solon, Plutarch demonstrates how a philosopher would actually engage in politics, and with his proper understanding of human nature, educate that society through wise laws that encourage a moderate and healthy form of erotic life in the city. In doing so, Plutarch makes a case for a substantive contribution of Platonic philosophy to the guidance of the statesman.
Democratizing Dialectics with C.L.R. James
Authors: Douglas Andrew J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis essay explores the work of C.L.R. James in an effort to rethink the democratic import of dialectical thought. James is best known as a West Indian Marxist and the author of The Black Jacobins, but he is also a deeply democratic thinker and a creative reader of Hegel. Alongside the more orthodox Marxist strand of his thought, James develops a mode of dialectical reflection that is attentive to a sense of democratic uncertainty and that aims to enrich political participation among ordinary citizens. By thinking both with and against James, and by exploiting the ambiguities in his postwar writings on dialectics and American democratic culture, I argue that James inspires a kind of participatory democratic ethos grounded in the language and conceptual resources of Hegelian humanist thought and modern dialectical reflection.
Body sensor calibration and construction of 3D maps for robot navigation using the framework of conformal geometric algebra
Authors: López-Franco C. , Bayro-Corrochano E. 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYThe research, described in this paper, concerns the robot indoor navigation, emphasizing the aspects of sensor model and calibration, environment representation, and self-localization. The main point is that combining all of these aspects, an effective navigation system is obtained. We present a model of the catadioptric image formation process. Our model simplifies the operations needed in the catadioptric image process. Once we know the model of the catadioptric sensor, we have to calibrate it with respect to the other sensors of the robot, in order to be able to fuse their information. When the sensors are mounted on a robot arm, we can use the hand-eye calibration algorithm to calibrate them. In our case the sensors are mounted on a mobile robot that moves over a flat floor, thus the sensors have less degrees of freedom. For this reason we develop a calibration algorithm for sensors mounted on a mobile robot. Finally, combining all the previous results and a scan matching algorithm that we develop, we build 3D maps of the environment. These maps are used for the self-localization of the robot and to carry out path following tasks. In this work we present experiments which show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
MEAN-VALUE PROPERTY ON MANIFOLDS WITH MINIMAL HOROSPHERES
Authors: TODJIHOUNDE LEONARD 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLet (M,g) be a non-compact and complete Riemannian manifold with minimal horospheres and infinite injectivity radius. In this paper we prove that bounded functions on (M,g) satisfying the mean-value property are constant. We thus extend a result of Ranjan and Shah [‘Harmonic manifolds with minimal horospheres’, J. Geom. Anal.12(4) (2002), 683–694] where they proved a similar result for bounded harmonic functions on harmonic manifolds with minimal horospheres.
MIXED NORM ESTIMATES FOR POTENTIAL OPERATORS RELATED TO THE RADON TRANSFORM
Authors: DUOANDIKOETXEA JAVIER , ORUETXEBARRIA OSANE 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe define potential operators on hyperplanes and give sharp mixed norm inequalities for them. One of the operators coincides with the Radon transform for which mixed norm estimates are known but in reverse order. Those inequalities will be crucial in our proofs.
I0 SETS FOR COMPACT, CONNECTED GROUPS: INTERPOLATION WITH MEASURES THAT ARE NONNEGATIVE OR OF SMALL SUPPORT
Authors: GRAHAM COLIN C. , HARE KATHRYN E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the dual object of an infinite compact, connected group, every infinite Sidon set contains an infinite subset on which full interpolation can be performed using very small classes of measures (discrete measures on arbitrarily small sets or nonnegative discrete measures). In particular, the Figà-Talamanca–Rider subset of an infinite product of compact, connected, simple Lie groups has these kinds of interpolation. This substantially improves previous interpolation results.
A PARABOLIC SINGULAR INTEGRAL OPERATOR WITH ROUGH KERNEL
Authors: CHEN YANPING , DING YONG , FAN DASHAN 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLet Ω(y′) be an H1(Sn−1) function on the unit sphere satisfying a certain cancellation condition. We study the Lp boundedness of the singular integral operator where α≥n and ρ is a norm function which is homogeneous with respect to certain nonistropic dilation. The result in the paper substantially improves and extends some known results.
Mechanisms of oxygen sensing: a key to therapy of pulmonary hypertension and patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Weir E K , Obreztchikova M , Vargese A , Cabrera J A , Peterson D A , Hong Z 
Published: July 2008

Specialized tissues that sense acute changes in the local oxygen tension include type 1 cells of the carotid body, neuroepithelial bodies in the lungs, and smooth muscle cells of the resistance pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus (DA). Hypoxia inhibits outward potassium current in carotid body type 1 cells, leading to depolarization and calcium entry through L‐type calcium channels. Increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) leads to exocytosis of neurotransmitters, thus stimulating the carotid sinus nerve and respiration. The same K+channel inhibition occurs with hypoxia in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), causing contraction and providing part of the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). In the SMCs of the DA, the mechanism works in reverse. It is the shift from hypoxia to normoxia that inhibits K+channels and causes normoxic ductal contraction. In both PA and DA, the contraction is augmented by release of Ca++from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, entry of Ca++through store‐operated channels (SOC) and by Ca++sensitization. The same three ‘executive’ mechanisms are partly responsible for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). While vasoconstrictor mediators constrict both PA and DA and vasodilators dilate both vessels, only redox changes mimic oxygen by having directly opposite effects on the K+channels, membrane potential, [Ca++]iand tone in the PA and DA. There are several different hypotheses as to how redox might alter tone, which remain to be resolved. However, understanding the mechanism will facilitate drug development for pulmonary hypertension and patent DA.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)155, 300–307; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.291; published online 21 July 2008
Atypical pharmacologies at β‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Summers R J 
Published: July 2008

β‐Adrenoceptors are one of the most widely studied groups of G‐protein‐coupled receptors but continue to provide surprises and insights that have general relevance to pharmacology. Atypical pharmacologies have been described for ligands formerly (and still) described as antagonists acting at β1‐, β2‐ and β3‐adrenoceptors that involve ligand‐directed signalling and possibly allosteric interactions at the receptors. In the article by Ngala et al., in this issue of the Br J Pharmacol, another example of atypical interactions with β‐adrenoceptors is described, this time for agonists. Some of the responses to BRL37344 and clenbuterol can be explained in terms of actions at β2‐adrenoceptors, whereas others such as the increased glucose uptake and palmitate oxidation observed with pM concentrations of BRL37344 may involve interactions with other (possibly allosteric) sites. Atypical pharmacologies of ligands acting at β‐adrenoceptors have already indicated new ways in which ligands can interact with G‐protein‐coupled receptors and these mechanisms are likely to have important consequences for future drug development.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 285–287; doi:fn1; published online 21 July 2008
Respiratory, postural and spatio-kinetic motor stabilization, internal models, top-down timed motor coordination and expanded cerebello-cerebral circuitry: a review
Authors: Skoyles John 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHuman dexterity, bipedality, and song/speech vocalization in Homo are reviewed within a motor evolution perspective in regard to (i) brain expansion in cerebello-cerebral circuitry, (ii) enhanced predictive internal modeling of body kinematics, body kinetics and action organization, (iii) motor mastery due to prolonged practice, (iv) task-determined top-down, and accurately timed feedforward motor adjustment of multiple-body/artifact elements, and (v) reduction in automatic preflex/spinal reflex mechanisms that would otherwise restrict such top-down processes. Dual-task interference and developmental neuroimaging research argues that such internal modeling based motor capabilities are concomitant with the evolution of (vi) enhanced attentional, executive function and other high-level cognitive processes, and that (vii) these provide dexterity, bipedality and vocalization with effector nonspecific neural resources. The possibility is also raised that such neural resources could (viii) underlie human internal model based nonmotor cognitions.
The Effect of Warming Winter Temperatures on the Severity of Pierce's Disease in the Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Anas Osama , Harrison Una Jean , Brannen Phillip M. , Sutton Turner B. 
Published: July 2008

Pierce's disease (PD) caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a major threat to the rapidly growing Vitis vinifera/French-American hybrid winegrape industry in the southeastern United States. The bacterium, which is transmitted by xylemfeeding insects, is unable to survive low winter temperatures, and infected vines often recover the next year. Maps available from the 1970s indicate that PD is not a serious threat in the southeastern US, where the average minimum January temperature is ≤ 1.7°C. However PD symptoms developed in many vineyards planted in the late 1990s in areas identified as low risk. Surveys conducted in North Carolina and Georgia confirmed the presence of Xf in symptomatic vines using ELISA kits. Weather data for November to March from 84 weather stations from 1972-2005 for Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia were used to construct new maps using ArcGIS 9.1, and PD survey data from vineyards were superimposed on the maps. Areas for low risk for PD corresponded most closely with a minimum winter temperature of ≤ -12.2°C for 2 to 3 days or ≤ -9.4°C for 4 to 5 days. Warm winter temperatures during the last 8 years have resulted in a significant shift in the isotherms towards the north and west, increasing the risk of PD in the Piedmont region of the Southeast, and have extended the threat into Virginia and Tennessee. Accepted for publication 11 March 2008. Published 18 July 2008.
Morphological criteria to identify faecal pellets of sympatric ungulates in West African savanna and estimates of associated error
Authors: Hibert Fabrice , Fritz Hervé , Poilecot Pierre , Abdou Hama Noma , Dulieu Dominique 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIndirect surveys may prove to be useful tools in complementing classical direct counts when monitoring ungulate populations and may also promote better understanding of the precise structure and functioning of the rich ungulate communities of African savannas. However, the identification of faecal pellets can be difficult where several sympatric species occur. This study develops simple field criteria for distinguishing between pellets among ten sympatric West African ungulates. A discriminant analysis was performed, using the mean of measurements of pellet groups from different species to pinpoint and characterize the most useful morphological criteria for separation between them. The mean diameter of pellets within each pellet group proved to be the most valuable variable for species segregation, whilst the second axis separated species by mean indent depth. The pellet groups of six of the ten designated species could be identified with a minimum misclassification error. However, no simple morphological variables emerged to permit discrimination between hartebeest and topi, or between bushbuck and Bohor reedbuck pellets. Once pellet groups have been identified, their density and spatial distribution may provide useful information on the use of space and habitat of sympatric species, over given periods.
The Soft Seal disposable laryngeal mask airway in adults: comparison of two insertion techniques without intra‐oral manipulation
Authors: Kuvaki B. , Küçükgüçlü S. , İyilikçi L. , Tuncali B. E. , Çinar Ö. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryWe investigated whether insertion of the disposable Soft Seal laryngeal mask airway (SSLM) was successful without intra‐oral digital manipulation. One hundred patients undergoing anaesthesia using the SSLM were randomly assigned into two groups. Insertion was performed by either a direct or a rotational technique, both without intra‐oral digital manipulation. The primary outcome measure was successful insertion at first attempt. Other outcomes included insertion time, fibreoptic assessment of the airway view and airway morbidity. The first attempt success rate was higher (98%) with the direct technique than with the rotational technique (75%; p = 0.002) but insertion time was faster with the latter method (mean [range] 15 [8–50] s) than with the direct method (20 [8–56] s; p = 0.035). Fibreoptic assessment and airway morbidity were similar in both groups. We conclude that the SSLM can be successfully inserted without intra‐oral digital manipulation.
Quantitative trait loci for production traits in pigs: a combined analysis of two Meishan × Large White populations
Authors: Guo Y.‐M. , Lee G. J. , Archibald A. L. , Haley C. S. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryCombined analysis of data from two or more resource populations can improve the power and accuracy of QTL mapping and allow some cross‐validation of results. In this study, we performed a genome‐wide scan using combined data from two F2 populations derived from a cross between Large White and Chinese Meishan pigs. A total of 739 pigs were included in the analysis. In total 187 markers were genotyped in the two populations, including 115 markers genotyped in both populations, and these markers covered 2282 cM of the pig genome with an average of 13.58 cM between markers. Seven traits (teat number, birth weight, weaning weight, test‐end weight, fat depth at shoulder, fat depth at mid back and fat depth at loin) were analysed for both individual populations and the combined population. There were 9 (2, 10), 1 (4, 4) and 14 (5, 18) QTL that achieved 1% genome‐wide, 5% genome‐wide and suggestive significance levels respectively in population 1 (population 2, combined population). Additive effects of QTL detected in the two populations at all significance levels were largely consistent suggesting that the QTL represent real genetic effects, but this was not the case for dominance or imprinting effects. There were also a number of significant interactions between detected QTL effects and population.
Up‐regulated cytokine‐inducible SH2‐containing protein expression in allergen‐stimulated T cells from hen's egg‐allergic patients
Authors: Nakajima Y. , Tsuge I. , Kondo Y. , Komatsubara R. , Hirata N. , Kakami M. , Kato M. , Kurahashi H. , Urisu A. , Asano Y. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryBackground
Although changes in the fine balance of allergen‐specific T cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, their roles in the allergic reaction to hen's eggs (HE) have not yet been fully analysed.Objective
Using microarray technology, allergen‐stimulated T cells from HE‐allergic children were analysed to identify genes that are specifically up‐regulated in these cells.Methods
RNA from CD4+ CD14− cells, fractionated from allergen‐stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells, was analysed using a whole ‐genome microarray and real‐time RT‐PCR. The protein expression of selected genes was ascertained by flow cytometry.Results
In microarray analyses of allergen‐stimulated T cells, 43 genes were up‐regulated in HE‐allergic children but not in non‐HE‐allergic children. Among these, up‐regulation of three genes, cytokine ‐inducible SH2‐containing protein (CISH), nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cell inhibitor Z (NFKBIZ) and B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), was confirmed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. CISH, but not NFKBIZ or BCL2, showed a significantly higher ratio of antigen‐stimulated cell transcription over unstimulated cells in HE‐allergic than in non‐HE‐allergic children (P<0.01). Flow‐cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage of CD25+CISH+ cells in CD4+ cells from patients with HE allergy was significantly higher than that in controls (P<0.01). The expression level of CISH was significantly higher in IL‐4+ Th2 cells than in IFN‐γ+ Th1 cells.Conclusion
We noted that CISH expression in allergen‐stimulated CD4+ T cells from HE‐allergic patients was significantly increased in both mRNA and protein levels compared with that from non‐HE‐allergic children.
Control of cytokine gene transcription in Th1 and Th2 cells
Authors: Bowen H. , Kelly A. , Lee T. , Lavender P. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryAnalysis of T‐helper cell differentiation to T‐helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 lineages has begun to reveal a complex mechanism whereby transcription factors, enzymes that either deposit or remove covalent modifications from histone tails and DNA methylating enzymes are recruited to cytokine genes. Each resultant cell lineage subsequently displays a programme of transcriptional restrictions that firstly, facilitates expression of a particular subset of signature cytokines and secondly, silences expression of the cytokines normally recognized as being markers of the opposite differentiation limb. Some essential proteins in this differentiative paradigm, such as the transcription factors GATA3 and T‐bet, are well studied; however, the types of enzymatic activities that these proteins recruit in order to implement differentiation are more obscure. Recent genome‐wide studies of histone modifications have begun to clarify how specific modifications of histones impact upon both transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization. Here we review how this information has enlightened our knowledge of how Th1/Th2 differentiation is orchestrated.