bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terodiline, Emepronium Bromide or Placebo for Treatment of Female Detrusor Overactivity? A Randomised, Double‐blind, Cross‐over Study
Authors: ANDERSEN J. R. , LOSE G. , NØRGAARD M. , STIMPEL H. , ANDERSEN J. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In a randomised, double‐blind study, 20 women with idiopathic detrusor instability and associated symptoms were treated with terodiline 25 mg bd, placebo, and emepronium bromide 200 mg tds—each drug being given for 3 weeks with placebo as wash‐out period before cross‐over. The results were evaluated according to drug preference, frequency charts and elimination of detrusor instability on cystometry. Serum levels of both drugs were monitored as control of tablet intake.The preference for terodiline to placebo was statistically significant: 14/3 women (P<0.05), and the majority of women (12/4) preferred terodiline to emepronium. Terodiline also gave a small but significant reduction in 24 h micturition frequency and eliminated detrusor instability in almost 50% of the patients (P<0.05). Side effects were frequent but mild in all three treatment periods. It was concluded that terodiline offers an alternative in the treatment of female detrusor instability.
One Hundred Artificial Sphincters
Authors: NURSE Diane E. , MUNDY A. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred patients with urinary incontinence of various aetiologies underwent implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). In 40 patients various reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract were carried out at the same time.In 93 patients the results were successful and they are continent. Six are incontinent and 4 of these await AUS replacement. One patient has had a urinary diversion with the sphincter still in situ and functioning.The complication rate was 45% (of which 29% were designated “sphincter‐related”). Half of these were accounted for by two complications: one was a change in bladder behaviour in patients with neuropathic bladders and the other was stress incontinence as a direct result of implanting low pressure devices. If these two factors and the “sphincter‐unrelated” problems are discounted, the complication rate was 13%.The AUS is a satisfactory and successful method of treatment for sphincter weakness incontinence regardless of aetiology and the results suggest no contraindication to implantation at the same time as reconstructive surgery of the lower urinary tract.
Continent Cutaneous Ileostomy (Kock Pouch) prior to Renal Transplantation
Authors: MARECHAL J. M. , SANSEVERINO R. , GELET A. , MARTIN X. , SALAS M. , DUBERNARD J. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Two patients in end‐stage renal failure and with neurogenic bladders due to spina bifida complicated by myelomeningocele were considered for renal transplantation.One patient had had a right nephrectomy and urinary diversion via an ileal conduit; the other, after various external drainage procedures (cystostomy, bilateral nephrostomy), had had a tubular ileocystoplasty. Both underwent 2 surgical procedures prior to renal transplantation: in case 1 we performed a left nephrectomy and then ileal conduit removal + Kock pouch; in case 2 a bilateral nephrectomy was performed via 2 posterior incisions and then we removed the ileocystoplasty and formed the pouch.The continent ileostomy was formed according to the original technique with slight modifications. The patients have been followed up for 12 and 15 months after transplantation.
Transferrin Receptor Expression in Primary Superficial Human Bladder Tumours Identifies Patients who Develop Recurrences
Authors: SMITH N. W. , STRUTTON G. M. , WALSH M. D. , WRIGHT G. R. , SEYMOUR G. J. , LAVIN M. F. , GARDINER R. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A group of 65 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma was followed for 2 years and tumour recurrence rate was correlated both with transferrin receptor status of the initial primary tumour and with the results of voided urine cytology. Nine of 24 patients with transferrin receptor negative tumours had recurrences compared with 30 of 41 patients with transferrin receptor positive tumours. This difference was highly significant.Urine cytology at presentation was also predictive of further tumour formation: of 30 patients who were transferrin receptor positive and had positive urine cytology, 25 developed recurrences.
Silver Alloy Coated Catheters Reduce Catheter‐associated Bacteriuria
Authors: LIEDBERG H. , LUNDEBERG T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The tendency of indwelling catheters to cause urinary tract infection was evaluated in a randomised clinical study of 223 patients. A Foley catheter coated with silver alloy on both inner and outer surfaces was used in 60 patients; 60 others received a Teflonised latex Foley's catheter and the remaining 103 patients were excluded because of antibiotic treatment, diabetes, etc.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of catheter‐associated bacteriuria (> 105 organisms/ml) in the 2 groups after 6 days' catheterisation: 6 patients with the silver coated catheter developed bacteriuria compared with 22 who had the Teflonised latex catheter. This suggests that the silver impregnated urethral catheters reduce the incidence of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection.
Does Microinvasion of the Capsule and/or Micrometastases in Regional Lymph Nodes Influence Disease‐free Survival after Radical Prostatectomy?
Authors: HERING F. , RIST M. , ROTH J. , MIHATSCH M. , RUTISHAUSER G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary –Since 1976, 126 patients with clinically localised carcinoma of the prostate have been managed by radical retropubic prostatectomy. All patients with tumour spread beyond the capsule or metastasis in lymph nodes received radiotherapy. Tumour category pT3 was divided into invasion of the capsule or infiltration of the seminal vesicle.The disease‐free 10‐year survival rate in patients with minimal invasion of the capsule was 72% and in patients with infiltration of the seminal vesicles it was 26%. Unilateral lymph node metastases were classified as microscopic disease or macroscopic infiltration.The disease‐free 10‐year survival rate in patients with metastasis in 1 lymph node (micro‐ and macro‐metastasis) was 65% in contrast to 0% in patients with bilateral disease.
The Perineal Artificial Sphincter for Acquired Incontinence–a Cut and Dried Solution?
Authors: WARWICK D. J. , ABRAMS P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sixteen males with stress incontinence due to sphincter damage were investigated with videourodynamic studies after implantation of a perineal artificial urinary sphincter. Twelve patients were rendered dry; 4 remained incontinent, all of whom were shown by cystometry to have incontinence from detrusor instability. Of these, 2 also had stress incontinence proven by videourography.Detrusor instability was present in 9 patients before implantation; the instability worsened considerably in 2 patients and new instability was shown in another 2 patients.The limitations of the artificial urinary sphincter and the implications of detrusor instability in patients with an artificial sphincter are discussed.The artificial urinary sphincter is an extremely successful device for the treatment of acquired stress incontinence.
Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Urological Society of Australasia, 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting, Darwin, Australia, 1990
Authors: Maher P. O. , Millard R. J. , Golovsky D. 
Published: November 2008

The 43rd Annual General Meeting of the Urological Society of Australasia was held at the Beaufort Hotel, Darwin, Australia from 27 May to 3 June 1990. The meeting was organised by Mr Peter Maher, President of the Society, and a committee from Sydney. Principal guests of the meeting were Mr R. Hall from Newcastle upon Tyne, England, Professor R. Hartung of the Technische Universität, Munich, Germany, and Professor M. Resnick from Case Western University, Cleveland, USA.The programme featured keynote presentations from principal guests on the topics of laser therapy, stones, bladder outlet obstruction, cancer and paediatrics. The Harry Harris Oration was delivered by Professor Alan Powell, Dean of Arts, North Territory University, on the subject, “The Australian Aborigines; Past, Present, and the Future”.The Keith Kirkland prize for the best paper presented by a trainee was awarded to Dr M. Frydenberg for his paper on Growth Factor receptors in prostatic disease.The Alban Gee prize for the best poster went to Mr A. Low for his presentation on the Brindley Sacral Root Stimulator.The 44th ASM of the Society will be held at the Sheraton Mirage Hotel, Gold Coast, Queensland, between 14 and 19 April 1991.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder due to Partial Sacral Agenesis
Authors: SAITO M. , KONDO A. , KATO K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifteen patients with partial sacral agenesis were treated over a mean period of 68 months. Partial unilateral agenesis was present in 7 and bilateral sacral agenesis was present in 8. Three important diagnostic features are emphasised: symptoms referable to neurogenic bladder without an obvious neurogenic lesion (all 15 patients); skin or hair abnormalities in the lumbosacral region (9/15) and paraesthesia or other neurological disorders of the lower extremities (8/15). The definitive diagnosis can be made by careful inspection of a plain film of the lumbosacrum.Detrusor contractility was absent in 13 patients but preserved in 2; 11 patients were managed by clean intermittent catheterisation, 2 voided using detrusor contractility and 2 voided by means of the Valsalva/Crede manoeuvre. In 5 patients surgery in the intradural space preserved sexual function and prevented further deterioration in function of the lower extremities but could not restore bladder function that had already deteriorated. Complete continence was achieved in 11 patients and socially acceptable continence in 4. Early diagnosis and conservative treatment with clean intermittent catheterisation are extremely important in management. Should functional deterioration of the bladder and/or sensomotor function of the lower limbs occur, neurosurgery should be performed promptly.
Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients with Urothelial Tumours
Authors: SELLA A. , LOGOTHETIS C. J. , DEXEUS F. H. , AMATO R. , FINN L. , FITZ KAREN 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The proportion of cancer patients who receive potentially curative therapy declines with increasing chronological age. Between January 1979 and January 1988, 36 patients aged from 76 to 84 years (median 78) consented to cisplatin combination chemotherapy. Eighteen patients received 1 to 7 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (median 5). This resulted in a drop in creatinine clearance rate from 70 ± 28.5 ml/min to 49 ± 20 ml/min. Eight patients (44%) are alive without evidence of disease, with a whole group median survival of 23 months. The dose intensity of cisplatin was found to predict recurrence. Eighteen other patients were treated for metastatic disease; 39% had an objective response after receiving 2 to 9 cycles (median 7). Only 2 patients (11%) are alive and free of disease. In this group no significant kidney damage occurred and the dose intensity of cisplatin did not predict response. Treatment resulted in a significant sepsis rate (39%) and 6 patients (17%) withdrew from treatment because of toxicity.It was concluded that cisplatin combination chemotherapy can be administered without treatment‐related death and its efficacy is similar to that in younger patients. Age should not exclude patients from the potential benefit of such therapy. An important cause of reduced benefit from chemotherapy among elderly patients may be the reduced dosage of cisplatin.
Single‐blind, Randomised, Parallel Group Study of the Bard Biocath Catheter and a Silicone Elastomer Coated Catheter
Authors: BULL E. , CHILTON C. P. , GOULD C. A. L. , SUTTON T. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary A group of 69 community patients undergoing long‐term urethral catheterisation for urinary incontinence took part in this study; 33 patients with a mean age of 70.03 years (± 16.6) received the Dow Corning Silastic catheter (16 F 10‐ml balloon) and 36 patients with a mean age of 75.61 years (± 12.6) received the Bard Biocath catheter (16 F 10‐ml balloon). Over a 16‐week period catheters were monitored every 2 weeks and changed as necessary. The Bard Biocath catheter remained in situ for an average of 89.61 days (± 35.31) and the Silastic catheter remained in situ for an average of 56.7 days (± 38.8); this difference was statistically significant.Used catheters were analysed for encrustation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average time in situ for non‐encrusted Biocath catheters was 83.7 days and 25.28 days for non‐encrusted Silastic catheters.It was found that 70% of patients who received Biocath catheters preferred them to their previous catheters whereas only 30% of patients in the Silastic group preferred the trial catheter. The incidence of bypassing was 28% in the Biocath group and 52.8% in the Silastic group.
First Clinical Report of a New Biodegradable Membrane for Use in Urological Surgery
Authors: SCOTT R. , GORHAM S. D. , AITCHESON M. , BRAMWELL S. P. , SPEAKMAN M. J. , MEDDINGS R. N. 
Published: November 2008

Summary Following preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments a new collagen Vicryl mesh has been devised. The membrane has been extensively tested in the laboratory and has been found to resist the passage of urine. It holds sutures well and has been shown on an experimental animal to be biodegradable.The membrane has now been applied in human subjects. It has been particularly efficacious in renal surgery and as a means of sealing a bladder after it has been opened. With respect to the ureter the sealing effect is excellent, to the extent of having produced a urinoma. The membrane has been found to be easily applied in vesicovaginal fistulae but difficulties have been experienced in the presence of infection. It is also an ideal membrane for repair of a urethrovaginal fistula—an area where natural tissues are less easily available.This is the first recorded use of this new biodegradable membrane in the human subject.
Meconium Vaginalitis
Authors: GARAT J. M. , ALGABA F. , PARRA L. , GÓMEZ L. 
Published: November 2008

Meconium peritonitis is a form of chemical peritonitis resulting from in utero perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and may occur as early as 24 weeks of fetal life (Heydenrich and Marcus, 1976). The meconium that is spilled into the peritoneal cavity may traverse a patent processus vaginalis into the vaginal cavity and be confused with intrauterine torsion or a testicular tumour.Since Olnick and Hatcher (1953) described the first case of meconium vaginalitis in 1953, approximately 20 cases have been reported.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Renal Carcinoma with Extension into the Vena Cava: Staging Accuracy and Recent Advances
Authors: MYNENI L. , HRICAK H. , CARROLL P. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In 16 patients with surgical confirmation of inferior vena cava thrombi from renal carcinoma, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were compared to assess the ability of non‐invasive, cross‐sectional imaging techniques to detect tumour thrombus, the level of its extension, and vessel wall invasion. MRI accurately detected tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava in all 16 cases (CT in 14) and demonstrated the cephalad extent of tumour thrombi in 15 of 16 (CT in 11). The level of extension was more easily seen on MRI, as was the presence of extension into the hepatic veins—a finding not detected by CT. Tumour invasion of the wall of the inferior vena cava was correctly demonstrated in 7 cases on MRI and in 1 case on CT. In 8 of 16 patients, gradient recall acquisition in steady state (GRASS imaging) was performed in addition to conventional spin echo sequences and it correctly identified the composition of thrombus in all: tumour in 6 patients, blood clot in 1 and both tumour and blood clot in the remaining patient.MRI and CT are excellent for detection of tumour but MRI is superior in the evaluation of vascular extension. In addition, the use of GRASS imaging allows differentiation of tumour from blood thrombus.
Effect of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy on Thermoregulation
Authors: LLOYD S. N. , KIRK D. , DEANE R. F. , KYLE K. F. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryHypothermia is a well recognised complication of open surgery. We had observed hypothermia, occasionally followed by rebound hyperthermia in the early post‐operative period, in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and therefore decided to monitor patients undergoing this procedure more closely. During a 12‐month period, 32 patients were monitored during 38 percutaneous nephrolithotomies; 12 procedures were performed using irrigation fluid at room temperature (22°C) and 26 with fluid warmed to 37°C. Although no statistically significant differences between temperature changes were seen, the most profound temperature falls occurred in patients who received fluid at room temperature. The recovery ward staff observed improved post‐operative recovery in patients who had received warmed fluid. Three of the 5 patients who underwent more than 1 percutaneous procedure received fluid at 22°C and fluid at 37°C on separate occasions. In each patient a more profound temperature fall occurred when the cold fluid was used. Only 1 patient, who received cold fluid, developed rebound hyperthermia in the early post‐operative period. Warming of irrigation fluid and close monitoring of core temperature may prevent unnecessary morbidity in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Prostate‐specific Antigen and other Prognostic Factors in Patients with Hormone‐resistant Prostatic Cancer Undergoing Experimental Treatment
Authors: FOSSÅ SOPHIE D. , PAUS ELISABETH , LINDEGAARD METTE , NEWLING D. W. W. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn 58 patients with progressive hormone‐resistant metastatic cancer of the prostate, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) > 100 μg/l, haemoglobin < 12.0 g/dl and pronounced fatigue were found to be independent adverse prognostic factors. These risk factors distinguished a subgroup of patients with a median survival of 9 months (none or only 1 risk factor present) from a subgroup with a median survival of 4 months ( 2 risk factors present).The clinician should be reluctant to enter patients from the second group into complicated and resource‐demanding clinical studies, particularly if such trials require frequent and inconvenient follow‐up examinations.
Chronic Testicular Pain following Vasectomy
Authors: McMAHON A. J. , BUCKLEY J. , TAYLOR A. , LLOYD S. N. , DEANE R. F. , KIRK D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe incidence of chronic testicular pain following vasectomy has not been previously assessed. We have carried out a survey by postal questionnaire and telephone interview of 172 patients 4 years after vasectomy to assess the incidence of chronic testicular pain. Significant early post‐operative complications occurred in 6 patients (3.5%): 2 infection, 3 haematoma and 1 orchitis. Chronic testicular discomfort was present in 56 patients (33%), considered by 26 (15%) to be troublesome but not by the other 30 (17%). Testicular discomfort related to sexual intercourse occurred in 9 cases (5%). Of the 9 patients who had sought further medical help only 2 had had further surgery (1 an epididymectomy and 1 excision of a hydrocele). Only 3 patients regretted having had the vasectomy because of chronic pain. On ultrasound examination, epididymal cysts were a common finding on both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients following vasectomy. Prior to vasectomy, all patients should be counselled with regard to the risk of chronic testicular pain.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Staging of Bladder Cancer
Authors: PERSAD R. , KABALA J. , GILLATT D. , PENRY B. , GINGELL J. C. , SMITH P. J. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed on 55 bladder cancer patients on whom clinicopathological staging was available from transurethral resection and cystectomy specimens. The overall accuracy of MRI scanning in this group was 84%, although true concordance rates are debatable without open surgical correlation. In the subgroup of 25 patients who had accurate open surgical correlation (from cystectomy, laparotomy or post mortem) the concordance rate was 76% with MRI. Errors occurred mainly in the T3 group of tumours, with 2 being overstaged and 2 being understaged out of a total of 12 in the open surgical correlation group (66% accuracy). Difficulties were also encountered in staging tumours at the bladder base, with an error rate of 22% (2 of 9) for T4 tumours in this area. With regard to lymph node staging there was a 100% (5 of 5) specificity in defining pathologically involved nodes but there was a false negative rate of 15% (3 of 19).Although it has many advantages over CT scanning, MRI produces a significant error rate in terms of over‐and under‐staging invasive tumours. There are difficulties associated with detecting minimal involvement of adjacent organs and lymph nodes as well as determining the exact depth of muscle penetration. Improvements may come in the future with the use of contrast enhancement agents such as gadolinium as well as more advanced machines.
Prolapse of the Urethral Mucosa in Prepubertal West Indian Girls
Authors: TROTMAN M. D. W. , BREWSTER E. M. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryForty‐two cases of urethral mucosal prolapse were reviewed in Trinidad, West Indies. The main presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding; 31% of patients had associated infection and 97% belonged to social classes III to V; 33% had conservative management and 67% had surgical treatment. It was concluded that treatment should be medical rather than surgical and it is suggested that this is a disease of the low socio‐economic group.
The Effect of Prostatic Capsule Perforation on the Absorption of Irrigating Fluid during Transurethral Resection
Authors: SALMELA L. , AROMAA U. , LEHTONEN T. , PEURA P. , OLKKOLA K. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary Thirty patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate using ethanol‐tagged irrigating fluid were investigated in order to study the effects of a breach in the prostatic capsule. Measurements were made of end‐tidal ethanol (ET‐ethanol) in the expired air, serum glycine and sodium, haemoglobin, blood loss and volumetric determination of irrigating fluid absorption. Perforation of the prostatic capsule occurred in 13 patients (Group P), with 17 judged to have no perforation (Group NP). In all Group NP patients the ET‐ethanol remained below 0.05%o, serum sodium decreased by ≥ 3 mmol/l and serum glycine remained < 1.5 mmol/l. ET‐ethanol was significantly increased in Group P, rising to between 0.1 and 0.45%o in 5 patients, 3 of whom showed a reduction in serum sodium >5 mmol/l. Five patients in Group P demonstrated significantly raised serum glycine concentrations up to 15 mmol/l.These findings suggest that perforation of the prostatic capsule may lead to rapid absorption of irrigating fluid, and that ET‐ethanol monitoring is a useful method of detecting this quickly.