bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East Australian Current System: Frontal Barrier and Fine‐Scale Control of Chlorophyll‐a Distribution
Authors: Bourg Natacha , Schaeffer Amandine , Molcard Anne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe East Australian Current (EAC), as the western boundary current of the South Pacific Gyre, governs the mesoscale circulation dynamics along the East Coast of Australia. It also exhibits meandering and instabilities that generate fine‐scale structures. Understanding the interplay between these fine‐scale processes and the larger‐scale EAC patterns is crucial in regards to chlorophyll‐a distribution, a key indicator of phytoplankton abundance and an essential component of marine ecosystems. However, the link between fine‐scale and large‐scale variability in the EAC's separation dynamics and its impact on chlorophyll‐a distribution remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate this relationship using a clustering of high‐frequency radar data near the EAC's coherent jet and separation point, combined with satellite data on chlorophyll‐a concentration, sea surface temperature, and altimetry. Our findings reveal that the EAC acts as a frontal barrier for water‐mass and chlorophyll‐a concentration. The EAC separation enhances shelf‐offshore exchange and off‐shelf chlorophyll‐a concentration. In contrast, the extension of the current is characterized by fine‐scale structures with cyclonic vorticity and elevated strain, consequently contributing to an elevation of chlorophyll‐a levels in the region. In conclusion, the impact of separation dynamics on chlorophyll‐a distribution involves a complex interplay between large‐scale and fine‐scale processes, which may possibly compete under certain scenarios. Considering the implications of our findings in the context of future climate conditions, it becomes evident that purely dynamical changes in the separation latitude of the East Australian Current may hold consequences for chlorophyll‐a concentration distribution off the east coast of Australia.
Blood pressure outcomes at 18 months in primary care patients prescribed remote physiological monitoring for hypertension: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Persell Stephen D. , Anthony Lauren , Peprah Yaw A. , Lee Ji Young , Li Jim , Sato Hironori , Petito Lucia C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis pragmatic matched cohort study using EHR data extended the follow up to 18 months for BP outcomes comparing individuals prescribed remote patient monitoring (n = 288) and temporally-matched controls (n = 1152) from six primary care practices. After 18 months, the RPM-prescribed cohort had greater BP control < 140/90 mm Hg (RPM cohort: 71.5%, control cohort: 51.9%, p < 0.001) and lower systolic BP (131.6 versus 136.0 mm Hg, p = 0.004) using office and home measurements. BP control at 18 months assessed by office measurements only was also higher in the RPM group (62.2% versus 51.9%, p = 0.004).
PRRX1-TOP2A interaction is a malignancy-promoting factor in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours
Authors: Takihira Shota , Yamada Daisuke , Osone Tatsunori , Takao Tomoka , Sakaguchi Masakiyo , Hakozaki Michiyuki , Itano Takuto , Nakata Eiji , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Ozaki Toshifumi , Takarada Takeshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Paired related-homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a transcription factor in the regulation of developmental morphogenetic processes. There is growing evidence that PRRX1 is highly expressed in certain cancers and is critically involved in human survival prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of PRRX1 in cancer malignancy remains to be elucidated.

Methods
PRRX1 expression in human Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) samples was detected immunohistochemically to evaluate survival prognosis. MPNST models with PRRX1 gene knockdown or overexpression were constructed in vitro and the phenotype of MPNST cells was evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis combined with co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, RNA-seq and structural prediction were used to identify proteins interacting with PRRX1.

Results
High expression of PRRX1 was associated with a poor prognosis for MPNST. PRRX1 knockdown suppressed the tumorigenic potential. PRRX1 overexpressed in MPNSTs directly interacts with topoisomerase 2 A (TOP2A) to cooperatively promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increase expression of tumour malignancy-related gene sets including mTORC1, KRAS and SRC signalling pathways. Etoposide, a TOP2A inhibitor used in the treatment of MPNST, may exhibit one of its anticancer effects by inhibiting the PRRX1–TOP2A interaction.

Conclusion
Targeting the PRRX1–TOP2A interaction in malignant tumours with high PRRX1 expression might provide a novel tumour-selective therapeutic strategy.
LSD1 modulates the bone metastasis of breast cancer cells through hnRNPA2B1-mediated sorting of exosomal miRNAs
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Xin Benkai , Zhang Nan , An Peipei , Shi Yueru , Yang Jingtong , Wan Youzhong , He Yuquan , Hu Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBone metastasis is a key contributor to morbidity and mortality of breast cancer patients. We have previously shown that exosomal miRNAs derived from LSD1 knockdown (KD) breast cancer cells inhibit osteoblast differentiation and promote osteoclast differentiation. However, how LSD1 regulates exosomal miRNAs and whether miRNAs promote bone metastasis through the formation of pre-metastatic niches remains unclear. In vivo experiments demonstrates that exosomes derived from LSD1 KD breast cancer cells significantly promoted bone metastasis. To explore the mechanism underlying the effect of LSD1 on exosomes in breast cancer cells, exosomal and cellular miRNAs from control, LSD1 KD, and rescue cells were sequenced. Interestingly, approximately 80% of LSD1-associated miRNAs were downregulated in exosomes from LSD1 KD cells. The consensus sequence UAGGGC, was identified in many miRNAs downregulated in LSD1 KD exosomes. We found that hnRNPA2B1 regulated the exosomal sorting of miR-6881-3p and some other miRNAs. LSD1 deficiency reduced hnRNPA2B1 expression in breast cancer cells by decreasing the level of H3K9me2 demethylation in the promoter region of the hnRNPA2B1 gene. Our study revealed that LSD1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of exosomal sorting of miRNA.
The rapid proximity labeling system PhastID identifies ATP6AP1 as an unconventional GEF for Rheb
Authors: Feng Ran , Liu Feng , Li Ruofei , Zhou Zhifen , Lin Zhuoheng , Lin Song , Deng Shengcheng , Li Yingying , Nong Baoting , Xia Ying , Li Zhiyi , Zhong Xiaoqin , Yang Shuhan , Wan Gang , Ma Wenbin , Wu Su , Songyang Zhou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rheb is a small G protein that functions as the direct activator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to coordinate signaling cascades in response to nutrients and growth factors. Despite extensive studies, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that directly activates Rheb remains unclear, at least in part due to the dynamic and transient nature of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that are the hallmarks of signal transduction. Here, we report the development of a rapid and robust proximity labeling system named Pyrococcus horikoshii biotin protein ligase (PhBPL)-assisted biotin identification (PhastID) and detail the insulin-stimulated changes in Rheb-proximity protein networks that were identified using PhastID. In particular, we found that the lysosomal V-ATPase subunit ATP6AP1 could dynamically interact with Rheb. ATP6AP1 could directly bind to Rheb through its last 12 amino acids and utilizes a tri-aspartate motif in its highly conserved C-tail to enhance Rheb GTP loading. In fact, targeting the ATP6AP1 C-tail could block Rheb activation and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our findings highlight the versatility of PhastID in mapping transient PPIs in live cells, reveal ATP6AP1’s role as an unconventional GEF for Rheb, and underscore the importance of ATP6AP1 in integrating mTORC1 activation signals through Rheb, filling in the missing link in Rheb/mTORC1 activation.
Unconventional superconductivity in Cr-based compound Pr3Cr10−xN11
Authors: Chen C. S. , Wu Q. , Zou M. Y. , Zhu Z. H. , Yang Y. X. , Tan C. , Hillier A. D. , Chang J. , Luo J. L. , Wu W. , Shu L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report results of specific heat and muon spin relaxation (μSR) measurements on a polycrystalline sample of Pr3Cr10−xN11, which shows superconducting state below Tc = 5.25 K, a large upper critical field Hc2 ~ 20 T and a residual Sommerfeld coefficient γ0. The field dependence of γ0(H) resembles γ of the U-based superconductors UTe2 and URhGe at low temperatures. The temperature-dependent superfluid density measured by transverse-field μSR experiments is consistent with a p-wave pairing symmetry. ZF-μSR experiment suggests a time-reversal symmetry broken superconducting transition, and temperature-independent spin fluctuations at low temperatures are revealed by LF-μSR experiments. These results indicate that Pr3Cr10−xN11 is a candidate of p-wave superconductor which breaks time-reversal symmetry.
Integrated optical frequency division for microwave and mmWave generation
Authors: Sun Shuman , Wang Beichen , Liu Kaikai , Harrington Mark W. , Tabatabaei Fatemehsadat , Liu Ruxuan , Wang Jiawei , Hanifi Samin , Morgan Jesse S. , Jahanbozorgi Mandana , Yang Zijiao , Bowers Steven M. , Morton Paul A. , Nelson Karl D. , Beling Andreas , Blumenthal Daniel J. , Yi Xu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe generation of ultra-low-noise microwave and mmWave in miniaturized, chip-based platforms can transform communication, radar and sensing systems1–3. Optical frequency division that leverages optical references and optical frequency combs has emerged as a powerful technique to generate microwaves with superior spectral purity than any other approaches4–7. Here we demonstrate a miniaturized optical frequency division system that can potentially transfer the approach to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible integrated photonic platform. Phase stability is provided by a large mode volume, planar-waveguide-based optical reference coil cavity8,9 and is divided down from optical to mmWave frequency by using soliton microcombs generated in a waveguide-coupled microresonator10–12. Besides achieving record-low phase noise for integrated photonic mmWave oscillators, these devices can be heterogeneously integrated with semiconductor lasers, amplifiers and photodiodes, holding the potential of large-volume, low-cost manufacturing for fundamental and mass-market applications13.
Near-ultraviolet photon-counting dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Bingxin , Chen Zaijun , Hänsch Theodor W. , Picqué Nathalie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUltraviolet spectroscopy provides unique insights into the structure of matter with applications ranging from fundamental tests to photochemistry in the Earth’s atmosphere and astronomical observations from space telescopes1–8. At longer wavelengths, dual-comb spectroscopy, using two interfering laser frequency combs, has become a powerful technique capable of simultaneously providing a broad spectral range and very high resolution9. Here we demonstrate a photon-counting approach that can extend the unique advantages of this method into ultraviolet regions where nonlinear frequency conversion tends to be very inefficient. Our spectrometer, based on two frequency combs with slightly different repetition frequencies, provides a wide-span, high-resolution frequency calibration within the accuracy of an atomic clock, and overall consistency of the spectra. We demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio at the quantum limit and an optimal use of the measurement time, provided by the multiplexed recording of all spectral data on a single photon-counter10. Our initial experiments are performed in the near-ultraviolet and in the visible spectral ranges with alkali-atom vapour, with a power per comb line as low as a femtowatt. This crucial step towards precision broadband spectroscopy at short wavelengths paves the way for extreme-ultraviolet dual-comb spectroscopy, and, more generally, opens up a new realm of applications for photon-level diagnostics, as encountered, for example, when driving single atoms or molecules.
A concerted neuron–astrocyte program declines in ageing and schizophrenia
Authors: Ling Emi , Nemesh James , Goldman Melissa , Kamitaki Nolan , Reed Nora , Handsaker Robert E. , Genovese Giulio , Vogelgsang Jonathan S. , Gerges Sherif , Kashin Seva , Ghosh Sulagna , Esposito John M. , Morris Kiely , Meyer Daniel , Lutservitz Alyssa , Mullally Christopher D. , Wysoker Alec , Spina Liv , Neumann Anna , Hogan Marina , Ichihara Kiku , Berretta Sabina , McCarroll Steven A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman brains vary across people and over time; such variation is not yet understood in cellular terms. Here we describe a relationship between people’s cortical neurons and cortical astrocytes. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyse the prefrontal cortex of 191 human donors aged 22–97 years, including healthy individuals and people with schizophrenia. Latent-factor analysis of these data revealed that, in people whose cortical neurons more strongly expressed genes encoding synaptic components, cortical astrocytes more strongly expressed distinct genes with synaptic functions and genes for synthesizing cholesterol, an astrocyte-supplied component of synaptic membranes. We call this relationship the synaptic neuron and astrocyte program (SNAP). In schizophrenia and ageing—two conditions that involve declines in cognitive flexibility and plasticity1,2—cells divested from SNAP: astrocytes, glutamatergic (excitatory) neurons and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons all showed reduced SNAP expression to corresponding degrees. The distinct astrocytic and neuronal components of SNAP both involved genes in which genetic risk factors for schizophrenia were strongly concentrated. SNAP, which varies quantitatively even among healthy people of similar age, may underlie many aspects of normal human interindividual differences and may be an important point of convergence for multiple kinds of pathophysiology.
A vagal reflex evoked by airway closure
Authors: Schappe Michael S. , Brinn Philip A. , Joshi Narendra R. , Greenberg Rachel S. , Min Soohong , Alabi AbdulRasheed A. , Zhang Chuchu , Liberles Stephen D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAirway integrity must be continuously maintained throughout life. Sensory neurons guard against airway obstruction and, on a moment-by-moment basis, enact vital reflexes to maintain respiratory function1,2. Decreased lung capacity is common and life-threatening across many respiratory diseases, and lung collapse can be acutely evoked by chest wall trauma, pneumothorax or airway compression. Here we characterize a neuronal reflex of the vagus nerve evoked by airway closure that leads to gasping. In vivo vagal ganglion imaging revealed dedicated sensory neurons that detect airway compression but not airway stretch. Vagal neurons expressing PVALB mediate airway closure responses and innervate clusters of lung epithelial cells called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). Stimulating NEBs or vagal PVALB neurons evoked gasping in the absence of airway threats, whereas ablating NEBs or vagal PVALB neurons eliminated gasping in response to airway closure. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that NEBs uniformly express the mechanoreceptor PIEZO2, and targeted knockout of Piezo2 in NEBs eliminated responses to airway closure. NEBs were dispensable for the Hering–Breuer inspiratory reflex, which indicated that discrete terminal structures detect airway closure and inflation. Similar to the involvement of Merkel cells in touch sensation3,4, NEBs are PIEZO2-expressing epithelial cells and, moreover, are crucial for an aspect of lung mechanosensation. These findings expand our understanding of neuronal diversity in the airways and reveal a dedicated vagal pathway that detects airway closure to help preserve respiratory function.
A global dataset on species occurrences and functional traits of Schizothoracinae fish
Authors: Du Tingqi , Ding Chengzhi , Yang Ke , Chen Jinnan , Liu Xingchen , Lv Wenna , Ding Liuyong , He Dekui , Tao Juan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Schizothoracinae fish are a natural group of cyprinids widely distributed in rivers and lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions. These fish parallelly evolved with the QTP uplift and are thus important for uncovering geological history, the paleoclimatic environment, and the mechanisms of functional adaptation to environmental change. However, a dataset including species occurrences and functional traits, which are essential for resolving the above issues and guiding relevant conservation, remains unavailable. To fill this gap, we systematically compiled a comprehensive dataset on species occurrences and functional traits of Schizothoracinae fish from our long-term field samplings and various sources (e.g., publications and online databases). The dataset includes 7,333 occurrence records and 3,204 records of 32 functional traits covering all the genera and species of Schizothoracinae fish (i.e., 12 genera and 125 species or subspecies). Sampling records spanned over 180 years. This dataset will serve as a valuable resource for future research on the evolution, historical biogeography, responses to environmental change, and conservation of the Schizothoracinae fish.
Spatial and temporal assessment of snake encounters in urban Delhi, India
Authors: Barhadiya Gaurav , Purkayastha Jayaditya , Saha Ashis Kumar , Ghosh Chirashree 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDelhi, the capital city of India is, highly urbanized and surrounded by remnant forest, farms, ridges, and other green areas experience regular snake encounters in and around residential, institutional, and industrial areas. A total of 41 months of sampling from January 2019 to May 2022 was conducted wherein we, studied the snake assemblage in Delhi to determine the species composition, encounter frequency, seasonal activity patterns, and probable encounter sites in an urban setup. We documented 372 individuals belonging to 15 species from seven families out of 23 species found in Delhi. Snakes were found inside forests, public parks, homes, drain networks, streets, office buildings, and even in school-college buildings. The most recorded species being Ptyas mucosa (37.37%, n = 139), Naja naja (19.62%, n = 73), and Lycodon aulicus (13.44%, n = 50). The highest numbers of incidents were reported in the month of July (22.04%, n = 82) and August (19.89%, n = 74) during the peak monsoon season, for identifying high encounter sites, we used a geostatistical modeling tool, Ordinary kriging to identify places having more snake occurrences. We further used a statistical spatial method called average nearest neighbor distance to detect the pattern distribution of snake species. Spatial interpolation done through Ordinary kriging highlighted two areas having concentrated snake encounters. The results of the average nearest neighbor distance analysis showed three species having clustered and two species having dispersed distribution. The incidence of snake encounters was found to be highly seasonal and appeared to be associated mainly with monthly rainfall, temperature, and humidity. The findings of this study on snakes’ distribution patterns provide valuable insights into the conservation of these species. Understanding their habitat preferences and spatial distribution is crucial for the implementation of effective conservation strategies.
Research on fabric surface defect detection algorithm based on improved Yolo_v4
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Song Liyuan , Cai Yin , Fang Zhijun , Tang Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn industry, the task of defect classification and defect localization is an important part of defect detection system. However, existing studies only focus on one task and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of both tasks. This paper proposes a defect detection system based on improved Yolo_v4, which greatly improves the detection ability of minor defects. For K_Means algorithm clustering prianchors question with strong subjectivity, the paper proposes the Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to determine the number of Anchors. To solve the problem of low detection rate of small targets caused by insufficient reuse rate of low-level features in CSPDarknet53 feature extraction network, this paper proposes an ECA-DenseNet-BC-121 feature extraction network to improve it. And the Dual Channel Feature Enhancement (DCFE) module is proposed to improve the local information loss and gradient propagation obstruction caused by quad chain convolution in PANet networks to improve the robustness of the model. The experimental results on the fabric surface defect detection datasets show that the mAP of the improved Yolo_v4 is 98.97%, which is 7.67% higher than SSD, 3.75% higher than Faster_RCNN, 10.82% higher than Yolo_v4 tiny, and 5.35% higher than Yolo_v4, and the detection speed reaches 39.4 fps. It can meet the real-time monitoring needs of industrial sites.
Spatiotemporal optical vortex reconnections of multi-vortices
Authors: Adams Jordan , Agha Imad , Chong Andy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVortex reconnections are ubiquitous events found in diverse media. Here we show that vortex reconnections also occur between spatiotemporal vortices in optical waves. Since vortices exhibit orbital angular momentum (OAM), the reconnections of optical vortices create a variety of connected OAM states. Dispersion and diffraction can cause different reconnection pairs, depending on the orientation of the vortices. The transverse crossing of two vortices with a topological charge of one can produce unique vortex loop reconnection patterns. Higher topological charges result in arrays of vortex loops and connection points. Crossing of three vortices produces spherical structures made of three symmetrical vortex arms. A three vortices reconnection with higher topological charges develops complicated patterns similar to turbulence cascade phenomena in other media. Studying optical vortex interactions may bring insight into vortex reconnections in other fields. We also provide experimental results of two-vortex loop interaction.
Americans misperceive the frequency and format of political debate
Authors: Bailey Erica R. , White Michael W. , Iyengar Sheena S. , Akinola Modupe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDisagreement over divergent viewpoints seems like an ever-present feature of American life—but how common is debate and with whom do debates most often occur? In the present research, we theorize that the landscape of debate is distorted by social media and the salience of negativity present in high-profile spats. To understand the true landscape of debate, we conducted three studies (N = 2985) across online and lab samples. In contrast to the high-profile nature of negative debates with strangers, we found that people most commonly debate close contacts, namely family members and good friends. In addition, they often report feeling positive after engaging in debate. We then directly measured misperceptions regarding debate in a representative sample of Americans (N = 1991). We found that Americans systematically overestimated how often others engage in debate. This overestimation extended across debate partners (family members, good friends, acquaintances, coworkers, and strangers) and contexts (in-person and online; p’s < 0.001, d’s > 0.98), most strongly overestimating how often Americans debate strangers online. This misprediction may be psychologically costly: overestimating how often Americans debate strangers online significantly predicted greater hopelessness in the future of America. Together, our findings suggest that Americans may experience a false reality about the landscape of debate which can unnecessarily undermine their hope about the future.