bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis on microbial and rat metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Guangtong , Yang Min , Song Yan , Lu Zhiqiang , Zhang Jinqiang , Huang Huilian , Guan Shuhong , Wu Lijun , Guo De‐an 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGinsenoside Rb1 is an active protopanaxadiol saponin from Panax species. In order to compare the similarities and differences of microbial and mammalian metabolisms of ginsenoside Rb1, the microbial transformation by Acremonium strictum and metabolism in rats were comparatively studied. Microbial transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 by Acremonium strictum AS 3.2058 resulted in the formation of eight metabolites. Ten metabolites (M1–M10) were detected from the in vivo study in rats and eight of them were identified as the same compounds as those obtained from microbial metabolism by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis and comparison with reference standards obtained from microbial metabolism. Their structures were identified as ginsenoside Rd, gypenoside XVII, 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rg3, 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside F2, compound K, 12β‐hydroxydammar‐3‐one‐20(S)‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, and 25‐hydroxyl‐(E)‐20(22)‐ene‐ginsenoside Rg3, respectively. The structures of the additional two metabolites were tentatively characterized as 20(22),24‐diene‐ginsenoside Rg3 and 25‐hydroxyginsenoside Rd by HPLC‐MS/MS analysis. M7–M10 are the first four reported metabolites in vivo. The time course of rat metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 was also investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment of a HPLC method for preclinical pharmacokinetic study of the novel anti‐Parkinson's disease candidate drug FLZ in rats
Authors: Li Li‐bo , Zhang Jin‐lan , Wang Yu‐xiang , Wei Huai‐ling , Liu Geng‐tao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn HPLC method was established and validated for the determination of compound FLZ, a synthetic novel anti‐Parkinson's disease candidate drug, in rat plasma. FLZ and the internal standard bicyclol were extracted from plasma by solid‐phase extraction method and analyzed on a Restek C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 320 nm. The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range from 25 to 500 ng/mL (r2 > 0.999), the limit of quantitation was 25 ng/mL and the average recovery was 92.0% with the RSD less than 5.9%. The relative standard deviation for intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 3.8 and 6.9%, respectively. The established HPLC method was validated to be a simple, rapid and reliable procedure and applied to study the preclinical pharmacokinetics of FLZ in rat plasma, and it was the first time that the pharmacokinetics of FLZ had been investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental motivations: a classification scheme and its impact on environmental strategies and practices
Authors: Paulraj Antony 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEcological deterioration has significantly changed the role of businesses in society and the way they are perceived. In fact, consumers are more aware of environmental issues and are demanding that the businesses take appropriate action in preserving the environment. Extant research suggests that stringent regulations had been instrumental to the timing and direction of many firms' responses to environmental preservation. In addition to these legislative requirements, firms also adopt ecologically responsive practices for various other reasons. Therefore, understanding the different motivations of environmental initiatives is pertinent. Additionally, it is also important to determine whether environmental strategies and practices differ significantly across firms with different motivations. With the above ambition in mind, this manuscript addresses the crucial issues related to corporate environmental strategy through the development of an empirical taxonomy of environmental motivations and the subsequent testing of any significant differences in corporate environmental strategy and green practices across the clusters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Photolabile Glutamate Protecting Group with High One‐ and Two‐Photon Uncaging Efficiencies
Authors: Gug Sylvestre , Charon Sébastien , Specht Alexandre , Alarcon Karine , Ogden David , Zietz Burkhard , Léonard Jérémie , Haacke Stefan , Bolze Frédéric , Nicoud Jean‐François , Goeldner Maurice 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA π‐extended [2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propoxy]carbonyl (NPPOC) derivative has been prepared as an efficient UV and near‐IR photolabile protecting group for glutamate. This glutamate cage compound exhibits efficient photorelease upon one‐photon excitation (εΦ=990 M−1 cm−1 at 315 nm). In addition, it also shows efficient photorelease in activation of glutamate receptors in electrophysiological recordings. Combined with a high two‐photon uncaging cross‐section (δΦ=0.45 GM at 800 nm), its overall properties make this new cage—3‐(2‐propyl)‐4′‐methoxy‐4‐nitrobiphenyl (PMNB)—for glutamate a very promising tool for two‐photon neuronal studies.
Fluorescent Agonists for the Torpedo Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Krieger Florian , Mourot Alexandre , Araoz Romulo , Kotzyba‐Hibert Florence , Molgó Jordi , Bamberg Ernst , Goeldner Maurice 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have synthesized a series of fluorescent acylcholine derivatives carrying different linkers that vary in length and structure and connect the acylcholine unit to the environment‐sensitive fluorophores 7‐(diethylamino)coumarin‐3‐carbonyl (DEAC) or N‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐yl) (NBD). The pharmacological properties of the fluorescent analogues were investigated on heterologously expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo californica and on oocytes transplanted with nAChR‐rich Torpedo marmorata membranes. Agonist action strongly depends on the length and the structure of the linker. One particular analogue, DEAC‐Gly‐C6‐choline, showed partial agonist behavior with about half of the maximum response of acetylcholine, which is at least 20 times higher than those observed with previously described fluorescent dansyl‐ and NBD‐acylcholine analogues. Binding of DEAC‐Gly‐C6‐choline to Torpedo nAChR induces a strong enhancement of fluorescence intensity. Association and displacement kinetic experiments revealed dissociation constants of 0.5 nM for the αδ‐binding site and 15.0 nM for the αγ‐binding site. Both the pharmacological and the spectroscopic properties of this agonist show great promise for characterizing the allosteric mechanism behind the function of the Torpedo nAChR, as well as for drug‐screening studies.
High‐Relaxivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agent Based on Supramolecular Assembly between a Gadolinium Chelate, a Modified Dextran, and Poly‐β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Battistini Elisa , Gianolio Eliana , Gref Ruxandra , Couvreur Patrick , Fuzerova Silvia , Othman Mohammad , Aime Silvio , Badet Bernard , Durand Philippe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNanosized contrast agents have great potential in magnetic resonance molecular imaging applications for clinical diagnosis. This study proposes new nanoparticles spontaneously formed under mild conditions and composed of a noncovalent adduct between a gadolinium complex, a polymer of β‐cyclodextrin (pβCD: MW 1.5×106 g mol−1) and a dextran grafted with alkyl chains (MD). The formation of this supramolecular nanoassembly is based upon a “lock‐and‐key” recognition process in which the hydrophobic alkyl chains of MD and the adamantyl moieties of macrocyclic GdIII chelates are included in the cavities of pβCD. The large number of βCDs contained in the pβCD resulted in the formation of 200 nm diameter nanoparticles, each entrapping 1.8×105 molecules of a low‐molecular‐weight Gd complex. This system, which exhibits a great relaxivity enhancement (48.4 mM−1 s−1, at 20 MHz and 37 °C) compared to the GdIII chelate itself (5.2 mM−1 s−1), appears to be a promising strategy for the in vivo targeted delivery of GdIII complexes. The mechanisms of particle formation, conjugation strategies, and relaxometric characterizations in the field of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.
A Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Probe for the Hypochlorite Anion
Authors: Chen Xinqi , Wang Xiaochun , Wang Shujuan , Shi Wen , Wang Ke , Ma Huimin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new rhodamine B‐based fluorescent probe for the hypochlorite anion (OCl−) has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The probe comprises a spectroscopic unit of rhodamine B and an OCl−‐specific reactive moiety of dibenzoylhydrazine. The probe itself is nearly nonfluorescent because of its spirolactam structure. Upon reaction with OCl−, however, a largely enhanced fluorescence is produced due to the opening of the spirolactam ring by the oxidation of the exocyclic hydrazide and subsequently the formation of the hydrolytic product rhodamine B. Most notably, the fluorescence‐on reaction shows high sensitivity and extremely high selectivity for OCl− over other common ions and oxidants, which makes it possible for OCl− to be detected directly in their presence. In addition, the reaction mechanism has been investigated and proposed. The OCl− anion selectively oxidizes the hydrazo group in the probe, and forms the analogue of dibenzoyl diimide, which in turn hydrolyzes and releases the fluorophore. The reaction mechanism that is described here might be useful in developing excellent spectroscopic probes with cleavable active bonds for other species.
Symmetrically Tetrasubstituted [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Their Systematization and Regioselective Synthesis of Several Types of Bis‐Bifunctional Derivatives by Double Electrophilic Substitution
Authors: Vorontsova Natalia V. , Rozenberg Valeria I. , Sergeeva Elena V. , Vorontsov Evgenii V. , Starikova Zoya A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Hopf Henning 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe possible number of chiral and achiral tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes possessing different types of symmetry (C2, Ci, Cs, C2v, C2h) is evaluated and a unified independent trivial naming descriptor system is introduced. The reactivity and regioselectivity of the electrophilic substitution of the chiral pseudo‐meta‐ and achiral pseudo‐para‐disubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes are investigated in an approach suggested to be general for the synthesis of bis‐bifunctional [2.2]paracyclophanes. The mono‐ and diacylation of chiral pseudo‐meta‐dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane 14 with acetylchloride occur ortho‐regioselectively to produce tri‐ 22, 23 and symmetrically 21 tetrasubstituted acyl derivatives. The same reaction with benzoylchloride is neither regio‐, nor chemoselective, and gives rise to a mixture of ortho‐/para‐, mono‐/diacylated compounds 27–31. The double acylation of pseudo‐meta‐dimethoxy[2.2]paracyclophane 18 is completely para‐regioselective. Electrophilic substitution of pseudo‐meta‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)[2.2]paracyclophane 20 regioselectively generates the pseudo‐gem‐substitution pattern. Formylation of this substrate produces the monocarbonyl derivatives 35 only, whereas the Fe‐catalyzed bromination may be directed towards mono‐ 36 or disubstitution 37 products chemoselectively by varying the reactions conditions. The diacylation and dibromination reactions of the respective achiral diphenol 12 and bis(methoxycarbonyl) 40 derivatives of the pseudo‐para‐structure retain regioselectivities which are characteristic for their pseudo‐meta‐regioisomers. Imino ligands 26, 25, and 39, which were obtained from monoacyl‐ 22 and diacyldihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophanes 21, 38, are tested as chiral ligands in stereoselective Et2Zn addition to benzaldehyde producing 1‐phenylpropanol with ee values up to 76 %.
Synthesis of Copper Dendrite Nanostructures by a Sonoelectrochemical Method
Authors: Haas Iris , Shanmugam Sangaraju , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCopper dendrites have been prepared by a sonoelectrochemical process from an aqueous solution of Cu2+ in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol. A SEM image of the morpholohy of the copper formed on the electrode after one electric pulse is presented. A subsequent sonic pulse removes the copper from the electrode surface, cleaning it for the next step. The formation of the dendrites is accounted for by the “drying‐mediated self‐assembly of nanoparticles” theory.
Optically Active Zwitterionic λ5Si,λ5Si′‐Disilicates: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Behavior in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Theis Bastian , Burschka Christian , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe zwitterionic λ5Si,λ5Si′‐disilicates 1–8 were synthesized and characterized by solid‐state and solution NMR spectroscopy. In addition, compounds 2⋅6 H2O, 3⋅2 CH3CN, 4⋅5/2 CH3CN, 6⋅CH3OH, 7, and 8⋅CH3OH⋅CH3CN were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The optically active (Δ,Δ,R,R,R,R)‐configured compounds 1–8 contain two pentacoordinate (formally negatively charged) silicon atoms and two tetracoordinate (formally positively charged) nitrogen atoms. One (ammonio)alkyl group is bound to each of the two silicon centers, and two tetradentate (R,R)‐tartrato(4−) ligands bridge the silicon atoms. Although these λ5Si,λ5Si′‐disilicates contain SiO4C skeletons, some of them display a remarkable stability in aqueous solution as shown by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Field‐Effect Transistor Properties of Carbazolenevinylene Oligomers: From Linear to Cyclic Architectures
Authors: Song Yabin , Di Chong‐an , Wei Zhongming , Zhao Tianyue , Xu Wei , Liu Yunqi , Zhang Deqing , Zhu Daoben 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo cyclic carbazolenevinylene dimers 1 and 2 were synthesized by McMurry coupling reactions. A linear compound 3 was also prepared for comparison. Compounds 1–3 were fully characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, elemental analysis, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Quantum chemical simulations showed that the cyclic compounds possessed smaller HOMO–LUMO gaps and more extended conjugation. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of the cyclic compounds showed blueshifts compared with that of the linear compound 3. Time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) analysis revealed that this was due to the different selection rules for molecules with cyclic and linear architectures. The cyclic conformation also significantly affected the molecular ordering in the solid state. The X‐ray crystal structure of 1 showed partial π–π overlapping between the adjacent molecules. Thin films of 1–3 were fabricated by the vacuum‐deposition method on Si/SiO2 substrates. Multicrystalline thin films were obtained from compounds 1 and 2, but only amorphous thin films could be obtained for the linear compound 3. Another important difference between the cyclic and linear compounds was the reduced reorganization energy for the cyclic compounds. These two facts have resulted in improved field‐effect transistor (FET) mobilities for the cyclic compounds compared with the linear compound. In addition, as the substrate temperature has a significant influence on the morphology and the degree of crystallinity of the thin films deposited, the device performance could be optimized by varying the substrate temperature. The FET devices based on 2 gave the highest mobility of 0.013 cm2 V−1 s−1. The results showed that carbazole derivatives with cyclic structures might make better FETs.
New Highly Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by CuII and a C1‐Symmetric Aminopyridine Ligand, and Its Application to the Synthesis of Miconazole
Authors: Blay Gonzalo , Domingo Luis R. , Hernández‐Olmos Victor , Pedro José R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new catalytic asymmetric Henry reaction has been developed that uses a C1‐symmetric chiral aminopyridine ligand derived from camphor and picolylamine. A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and unsaturated aldehydes react with nitromethane and other nitroalkanes in the presence of DIPEA (1.0 equiv), Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O (5 mol %), and an aminopyridine ligand (5 mol %) to give the expected products in high yields (up to 99 %), moderate‐to‐good diastereoselectivites (up to 82:18), and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 %). The reaction is air‐tolerant and has been used in the synthesis of the antifungal agent miconazole.
PdI2‐Catalyzed Coupling–Cyclization Reactions Involving Two Different 2,3‐Allenols: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐(1′,3′‐Dien‐2′‐yl)‐2,5‐dihydrofuran Derivatives
Authors: Deng Youqian , Li Jing , Ma Shengming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed dimeric coupling–cyclization reactions of two different 2,3‐allenols afforded 4‐(1′,3′‐dien‐2′‐yl)‐2,5‐dihydrofuran derivatives 3. 2‐Substituted 2,3‐allenols 1 cyclized to form the 2,5‐dihydrofuran ring, whereas the 2‐unsubstituted 2,3‐allenols 2 provided the 1,3‐diene unit at the 4‐position. The reaction is proposed to proceed through an oxypalladation, insertion, and β‐hydroxide elimination process. The CC double bond was formed with high E stereoselectivity by β‐hydroxide elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Triple Twinning of the Cluster Trimers Bi2[PtBi6Br12]3 and Bi2[PtBi6I12]3.
Authors: Guenther Anja , Steden Folker , Ruck Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Halides Ln4X5Z. Part 1. C and/or C2 in Ln4X5Z.
Authors: Mattausch Hansjuergen , Schaloske Manuel C. , Hoch Constantin , Zheng Chong , Simon Arndt 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Halides Ln4X5Z. Part 2. An Orthorhombic Variant of Ln4X5Z Structure.
Authors: Mattausch Hansjuergen , Schaloske Manuel C. , Hoch Constantin , Simon Arndt 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Halides Ln4X5Z. Part 3. The Chloride La4Cl5B4 — Preparation, Structure, and Relation to La4Br5B4, La4I5B4.
Authors: Mattausch Hansjuergen , Oeckler Oliver , Simon Arndt 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Research on Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln: La, Nd, Eu and Y) Nanocrystals: Preparation, Structure and Photoluminescence Characterization.
Authors: Zhang Aiyu , Lue Mengkai , Yang Zhongsen , Zhou Guangjun , Zhou Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical and Optical Properties of Cetineite‐Type Rb‐, Sr‐, and Ba‐Oxoselenoantimonates(III).
Authors: Sendor Dorota , Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Dronskowski Richard , Simon Ulrich 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Magneto‐Elastic Coupling in Multiferroic Hexagonal Manganites.
Authors: Lee Seongsu , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Conservation Accounts for Aluminum Cluster Anion Reactivity Pattern with O2.
Authors: Burgert R. , Schnoeckel H. , Grubisic A. , Li X. , Stokes S. T. , Bowen K. H. , Gantefoer G. F. , Kiran B. , Jena P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Galvanic Replacement Reaction on Metal Films: A One‐Step Approach to Create Nanoporous Surfaces for Catalysis.
Authors: Bansal Vipul , Jani Harit , Du Plessis Johan , Coloe Peter J. , Bhargava Suresh K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystalline ZnGa2O4 Spinel Phosphor via a Single‐Source Inorganic Precursor Route.
Authors: Zou Lu , Xiang Xu , Wei Min , Li Feng , Evans David G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure, Physical Properties and Electronic Band Structure of TlScQ2 (Q: S, Se and Te).
Authors: Teske Christoph L. , Bensch Wolfgang , Mankovsky Sergey , Ebert Hubert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heptafluorozirconates and ‐hafnates AIBIIZr(Hf)F7 (AI: Rb, Tl; BII: Ca, Cd) — Synthesis, Structures, and Structural Relationships.
Authors: Meddar Lynda , El‐Ghozzi Malika , Avignant Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Crown Ether as Template for Microporous and Nanostructured Uranium Compounds.
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.