bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between intestinal stem cell niche changes and small bowel crypt failure in patients with treatment-naïve celiac disease
Authors: Das Prasenjit , Battu Sudha , Mehra Lalita , Singh Alka , Ahmad Muzaffar , Agarwal Ashish , Chauhan Ashish , Ahmad Anam , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Gupta Siddhartha Datta , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
We hypothesized that crypt failure in the small bowel results in villous flattening in patients with celiac disease (CeD). We investigated whether alterations in the stem cell niche (ISC) are responsible for this phenomenon.

Materials and Methods:
We included 92 duodenal (D2/3) biopsies from treatment-naive patients of CeD and 37 controls. All underwent screening for serum anti-tissue transglutaminase and endoscopic upper small bowel biopsy. Immunohistochemical markers were used to investigate ISC niche alterations, including LGR5 for crypt basal cells (CBC), Bmi1 for position 4+ cells, β-Defensin for Paneth cells, R-spondin1 as WNT activator, transcription factor-4 as WNT transcription factor, BMP receptor1A as WNT inhibitor, fibronectin-1 as periepithelial stromal cell marker, H2AX as apoptosis marker, and Ki67 as proliferation marker. We also analyzed IgA anti-tTG2 antibody deposits by using dual-color immunofluorescence staining.

Results:
We found that in biopsies from patients with treatment-naive CeD with modified Marsh grade 3a–3c changes, the epithelial H2AX apoptotic index was upregulated than in controls. LGR5+ crypt basal cells were upregulated in all modified Marsh grades compared to controls. However, the Ki67 proliferation index, expressions of WNT-activator RSPO1, and position-4 cell marker Bmi1 did not significantly alter in patients’ biopsies as compared to controls (P = 0.001). We also observed depletion of pericrypt stromal fibronectin-1 in patients with CeD compared to controls. In addition, we identified IgA anti-TG2 antibody deposits in pericrypt stroma.

Conclusions:
Our data suggests that ISC niche failure is a plausible hypothesis for villous flattening in patients with CeD, resulting from pericrypt IgA anti-TG2 antibody complex-mediated stromal depletion.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonate: Another face of CA-MRSA
Authors: Rizwana M Mohamadiya , Shanmugapriya S , Sudha M Jaya , Appalaraju B , Ramesh S 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as Ritter’s disease, in its severe form occurs predominantly in infants and children. It is caused by infection with group II (often phage group 71) Staphylococcus aureus. The foci of infection include nasopharynx, less commonly umbilicus, urinary tract, superficial abrasion, conjunctivae, and blood. Staphylococci are non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci that appear predominantly as grape-like clusters. Although this organism is frequently a part of normal human microbial flora, it can cause significant opportunistic infections under certain conditions such as when extremes of age groups are involved, the presence of indwelling medical devices, and intravenous (iv) drug abuse. Staphylococcus aureus may cause a variety of infectious manifestations ranging from relatively benign skin infections to life-threatening systemic illnesses. SSSS caused by S. aureus strains produces exfoliative toxins which result in the development of blisters, erythema, and desquamation. Here, we present a case of an 11-day-old neonate who was diagnosed with SSSS. The causative agent responsible for this syndrome was identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The molecular characterization of the gene Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was detected positive for PVL which is a distinctive virulence factor seen almost in all of the community-acquired MRSA strains. The patient was discharged after parenteral clindamycin therapy with almost complete resolution of symptoms.
Highly cellular leiomyoma – A great histopathological masquerader of endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Garikapati Kavitha , Sharmila Vijayan , Joshi Prashant , Bharti Jyotsna N. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Leiomyoma is the most common benign uterine tumor, whereas endometrial stromal tumors are rare uterine tumors with limited clinical experience. The distinction between highly cellular leiomyoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma can pose a diagnostic challenge to the pathologists as both these tumors have considerable overlapping features on histology.
Psychiatric comorbidities and breast cancer: A study from Jammu region of UT of J&K, India
Authors: Mir Mehak T. , Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Rajiv K. , Sharma Rahul , Gul Naveed , Langer Bhavna 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females of all age groups. The diagnosis of cancer itself has a menacing impact on the psychosocial health of an individual leading to various psychiatric comorbidities. This can impact the overall prognosis of cancer patients.

Objectives:
To study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among female breast cancer patients and to assess its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors among these.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted for a period of 1 year in the Regional Cancer Centre. All females in the age group of 18 years and above, who were confirmed to have breast cancer were included in the study. A self-designed proforma was administered to elicit information about sociodemographic and clinical details of the study subjects. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities like depression, anxiety, and stress among these subjects. Data thus obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software.

Results:
A total of 205 subjects were included in the study. The mean age was reported as 49.25 ± 11.44 years, most of these were married homemakers residing in nuclear families in rural areas. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 60%, 73.17%, and 83.41%, and these were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with residence, number of living children, visits per month to hospitals, time since diagnosis, and type of treatment received.

Conclusion:
There is a high risk of psychiatric comorbidities among breast cancer female patients and an urgent need for effective strategies to prevent these.
Clinicomorphological and molecular analysis of medulloblastoma and association with survival: A single tertiary care center experience
Authors: Badiger Soumya , Gudipati Archana , Uppin Megha , Konatam Meher Lakshmi , Yeramneni Vamsi Krishna , Bhattacharjee Suchanda , Saradhi Mudumba Vijaya , Patnaik Sujata , Irukulla Monika 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a heterogeneous disease, displaying distinct genetic profiles, with specific molecular subgroups. Various clinical, pathological and molecular variables have been associated with disease outcome and therefore utilised in risk stratification of patients.

Objectives:
To perform molecular classification of medulloblastoma using surrogate immunohistochemistry (IHC) and associate molecular subgroups, histopathological types, and available clinicopathological parameters with overall survival (OS) of MB patients.

Results:
This study included 65 medulloblastoma patients. Immunohistochemical staining, using β-catenin YAP1 and GRB2-Associated Binding Protein 1 (GAB1) antibodies was used to classify MB cases into wingless signalling (WNT) activated, sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated, and non-WNT/non-SHH molecular subgroups. The relevant statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism version 9.3.0. Histological patterns included classic (40 cases, 62%), desmoplastic nodular (D/N) (14 cases, 22%), large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) (9 cases, 13%), medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) (1 case, 1.5%) and one special subtype, i.e., medulloblastoma with myogenic and melanotic differentiation. Molecular subgroups included WNT (4 cases, 6%), SHH (34 cases, 52%), and non-WNT/non-SHH (27 cases, 42%) subgroups. Histopathological types differed significantly according to tumor location, degree of anaplasia and molecular subgroups. Molecular subgroups differed significantly in age distribution and tumor location. The probability of survival was 78% and 68% after 1 and 2 years, respectively. Infants (<3 years of age), LC/A pattern, and TP53-mutant status among SHH subgroup conferred poor prognosis in our study. At the end of the study (at 65 months of maximum follow-up period) probability of survival was 51%.

Conclusions:
Immunohistochemical analysis helps in molecular classification of medulloblastoma in majority of the cases as well as helps in predicting prognosis and treatment response.
Curcumin mediated dendritic cell maturation by modulating cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNA-146a
Authors: Mirza Sheefa , Penny Clement , Jain Nayan K. , Rawal Rakesh M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Though cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), being a main component of tumor microenvironment (TME), are known to modulate immune response through secretion of various growth hormones, exosomes carrying miRNAs and cytokines; their effect on dendritic cells (DCs) are yet to be elucidated. Thus, aim of this study was to assess the effect of miRNAs and cytokines released by lung-CAFs and to evaluate immunomodulatory potential of curcumin on DC maturation through modulating their TME.

Material and Methods:
To check the effect of CAFs derived exosomes on DC maturation, we cultured imDCs in the presence of CAFs derived conditioned media (CAFs-CM) and characterized by the presence of maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86 and CTLA4 using qRT-PCR. Additionally, expression of miR-221, miR-222, miR-155, miR-142-3p and miR-146a was assessed to evaluate the role of epigenetic regulators on DC maturation. Likewise, cytokine profiling of CAFs-CM as well as CAFs-CM treated with curcumin was also conducted using ELISA.

Results:
Results revealed the generation of regulatory DCs which were characterized by decreased expression of maturation markers in the presence of CAFs-CM. In addition, such DCs showed higher expression of epigenetic regulator miR-146a which was positively correlated with increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and decreased expression of TNF-α (pro-inflammatory). Moreover, curcumin had the potential to convert regulatory DCs generated by CAFs into mDCs, which were characterized by high expression of co-stimulatory molecules, low expression of CTLA4, lower levels of immune suppressive cytokines production and lower levels of miR-146a.

Conclusion:
Collectively, these findings provide insight into understanding the immunomodulatory role of curcumin in targeting CAFs and modulating TME, thus enhancing antitumor immune response in DC based therapy.
Chondrosarcoma of the maxilla in a young female: A case report
Authors: Jayanthi P , Varun B. R , Nripan T , Sreena N. S , Joseph Anna P. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Sarcomas of the head and neck region are rare tumors, constituting less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in this area. Approximately 20% of these sarcomas originate from bone or cartilage. Chondrosarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors showing cartilaginous differentiation. These tumors usually show a predilection to the male gender and occur commonly in the older age group. Here, we report a case of chondrosarcoma of the anterior maxilla in a young female.
Percutaneous high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for non-resectable, chemo resistant malignant lesion of lung and liver
Authors: Yadawa Nandlal , Shahi Uday P. , Mandal Abhijit , Verma Ashish , Kumari Kiran , Aggrawal Lalit M. , Jaiswal Isha , Mourya Ankur , Jaiswal Anil K. , Srivastava Pammy 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To explore the feasibility and efficacy of interstitial brachytherapy application for nonresectable and chemo-resistant malignant liver and lung lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Percutaneous high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR ISBT) was applied in nine lesions of seven middle-aged patients with advanced carcinoma (five patients with liver lesion and two patients with lung lesion). All patients were surgically ineligible. All patients had already received systemic chemotherapy. Under computed tomography (CT) guidance (for lung lesion) or ultrasonography (USG) guidance (for liver lesion), a single stainless steel brachytherapy needle was inserted percutaneously in patients with lesion size ≤4 centimeter (cm) and multiple needles were inserted in patients of lesion size >4cm. A single dose of 15 Gy to 20 Gy with HDR ISBT was prescribed at the periphery of the lesion. The needles were removed just after treatment. Patients were kept under observation for 24 h after treatment.

Results:
The median size of the lesion was 6.5 cm. In all the cases of liver lesion, more than 75% shrinkage of tumor volume in follow-up at 6 mo was observed. It was more than 50% for lung lesion. None of the patients had developed significant complications as on the median follow up period of 15 mo (ranges 3–27 mo).

Conclusions:
Percutaneous CT-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy is a minimally invasive, safe, and feasible treatment option with minimal complication for inoperable, chemo resistant, advanced cancers with encouraging treatment outcomes.
Distributions and prognostic effects of ABO/Rh blood groups in patients with HER2/neu positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Dogan Izzet , Gurbuz Mustafa , Aydin Esra , Karabulut Senem , Tastekin Didem , Utkan Gungor 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of study was to look at ABO/Rh blood types frequency and prognostic significance in patients with HER2/neu positive gastric cancer.

Methods:
The study was designed retrospectively. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment approaches, and the ABO/Rh blood groups features were noted. The ABO/Rh blood types for patients and healthy donors were compared by the Chi-square method.

Results:
The average age was 61 years. The average survival time was 17.9 months (13.2–22.5). ABO blood types frequencies were not similar between patients (25.9% O, 6.3% AB, 57.1% A, and 10.7% B) and control group (34.9% O, 7.9% AB, 41.9% A, and 15.3% B) (P = 0.01). Patients and controls had the same Rh factor distribution (P = 0.07).

Conclusions:
We showed that A blood group frequency was increased in patients with HER2/neu receptor-positive gastric cancer than in a healthy population. Also, we detected that the frequency of O blood type was decreased. ABO/Rh blood types were not linked with prognosis for overall survival.
Multiple malignant primary tumors (non-head and neck): Contemplation needed
Authors: Naorem Raphel , Ghogale Kshitish S. , Waghmare Chaitali M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The incidence of multiple malignant primary tumors (MMPT) is increasing which needs attention. Hence, we undertook this study to analyze clinico-demographic details and treatment outcomes in patients with non-head and neck MMPT.

Materials and Methods:
Hospital case records of patients with histopathology proven MMPT registered in the radiation oncology department from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively studied. Modified Warren–Gates criteria were used to define MMPT. Patients with MMPT of the head and neck (both an index and second primary as head–neck) were excluded from the study. Demographic and clinical details were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Forty-two eligible cases of non-head and neck MMPT were studied. The median age at diagnosis of an index case was 55 years (minimum 21, maximum 85) with a male to a female sex ratio of 5:37. Twelve patients had synchronous (28.57%) and 30 had metachronous (71.42%) MMPT. The average period between metachronous tumors was 77.77 months (minimum 12, maximum 312). The most common site of an index and second primary tumor was the breast (26; 61.90% and 23; 54.76%, respectively). Seventeen (65.38%) out of 26 index breast cancer were bilateral breast cancer and nine were others. In six cases of MMPT, there was an association between the breast and cervix.

Conclusion:
Breast cancer was the most common site for both an index and second primary malignancy followed by genital cancers. With cautious monitoring and patient education, second primary tumor could be detected earlier and managed better giving a good quality of life to patients.
The use of interleukin-6 as a biomarker of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kalali Datis , Hadjiyianni Andriana , Isaakidou Athina 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Lung cancer is known for its fatality due to diagnosis at a late stage, indicating the need for the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) belongs to a family of inflammatory cytokines shown to be elevated in cancer patients. Hence, in this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the association of IL-6 levels between lung cancer patients and healthy individuals, as this would further support its use as a clinical biomarker.

Methods:
All major electronic databases were systematically searched to find the existing literature from 2012 until September 2022 on the association of IL-6 levels with lung cancer. Mean and standard deviation of IL-6 levels of lung cancer patients and controls were recorded from the included case–control studies. The natural logarithm of the ratio of means (RoM) between patients and controls with its respective 95% confidence intervals was calculated to retrieve a pooled RoM value.

Results:
Eight studies involving 559 lung cancer patients and 462 healthy controls were in included in the meta-analysis and a random-effects model was used due to high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.38%). Overall, IL-6 was found to be higher in lung cancer patients (pooled ln RoM = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.72–1.69, P < 0.0001) and all included studies were found to carry a low risk of bias after quality assessment.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis revealed that IL-6 levels are higher in biological samples of lung cancer patients, indicating that they could be used as a biomarker for diagnosing lung cancer without complications. Further research should be undertaken to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy, in order to obtain more concrete evidence for its clinical use.
Cancer in Kashmir Valley: Current trends, burden and pattern
Authors: Manzoor Farzana , Sheikh Arif R. , Nisar Saniya , Reshi Ruby , Ashraf Sabiha , Shafiki Maria 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
There is an overall surge of malignancies in most of the developing countries including India. Dearth of data from Kashmir prompted us to embark upon a study on burden and pattern of cancer in Kashmir over previous 5 years.

Methods:
Data acquisition from January 2016 to December 2020 was accomplished from the departmental archives of a large tertiary care institute of Kashmir valley. All histologically proven malignant cases were included for the present study. Information regarding the age, gender, site of primary malignancy and histological diagnosis was obtained.

Results:
A total of 5,392 cases of malignancies were considered for final analysis with a mean age at diagnosis of 56.73 years (SD = 15.96). Maximum number of cases were recorded in the age group of 60–69 years. Maximum number of malignancies were encountered in year 2018 with substantial drop in subsequent years. Gastrointestinal malignancies constitute more than one-third of total number of malignancies across both genders. In males, stomach was the common site of malignancy followed by lung and colorectal region whereas in females most common sites were breast, colorectal, and stomach.

Conclusion:
This study portrays close reflection of the cancer patterns within the valley in recent years which is strikingly different from rest of the country and world.
Online public interest in smoking and lung cancer: A comparative study in Google Trends
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. There is a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer; nearly 90% of cases are caused by cigarette smoking.

Aim:
To investigate the public interest in the relationship between lung cancer and tobacco smoking through an analysis of searches in Google Trends over the past 16 years.

Material and Methods:
We conducted a systematic search through Google Trends using the search terms “lung cancer” and “smoking” to identify the numbers of lung cancer and tobacco smoking searches in populations from Turkey, the United States, and the whole world between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019.

Results:
Online searches that reflect public awareness are nearly identical for both lung cancer and smoking; however, there is an inverse correlation between population interest and incidences of lung cancer and smoking. Furthermore, the numbers of searches on lung cancer and smoking decrease gradually in Turkey, in the world, and in the United States over the years, displaying a slight seasonal pattern.

Conclusion:
Informative and educational campaigns covering the whole year are required to raise awareness of the relationship between lung cancer and smoking and keep people argus-eyed.
Biodegradable concanavalin A functionalized polycaprolactone nanoparticle: A promising avenue for cancer therapy
Authors: Chowdhary Sapna Jain , Chowdhary Amit , Agrawal Govind Prasad , Mody Nishi , Jain Ashish 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Objective:
Receptor-based tumor-selective delivery of therapeutic efficacy and therapeutic index of cytotoxic drugs that exhibit dose-limiting toxicity is observed. Concanavalin A (Con A) was selected as the ligand for the proposed system, which was appended to the polycaprolactone nanoparticles (NPs) carrying the drug to be a very efficient approach for the treatment of cancer.

Methods:
Preparation of plain polycaprolactone nanoparticles was carried out employing the emulsion diffusion evaporation technique. Con A was conjugated using carbodiimide chemistry by coupling –COOH group on the surface of nanoparticles. The paclitaxel-loaded Con A-conjugated nanoparticles were further subjected to the characterization of various parameters, that is, surface morphology, particle size, and polydispersity index. In vitro drug release study of both the formulations (plain & conjugated) was done using a dialysis tube up to 48 h in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).

Results:
Studies done in xenograft models evidently propose a dose-dependent cytotoxicity response, that is, shrink in % cell growth with increase in the concentration of the drug. The fluorescence photomicrograph clearly revealed the access of the Con A-conjugated nanoparticles to the tumor. A noteworthy biodistribution difference of the paclitaxel from prepared systems was observed. At the same time, Con A-coupled nanoparticles increased the accumulation of paclitaxel in the tumor cells.

Conclusions:
Hence, the Con A-conjugated nanoparticles formulation as compared to uncoupled solid lipid nanoparticles formulation and free drug solution showed nearly two times higher uptake because of the lectin receptors on the surface of tumors. Hence, it was envisaged to design polymeric nanoparticles which would be administered intravenously for better therapeutic efficacy.