bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of the eukaryotic initiation factor 3f in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Doldan Adriana , Chandramouli Anupama , Shanas Reneé , Bhattacharyya Achyut , Cunningham John T. , Nelson Mark A. , Shi Jiaqi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAberrant regulation of the translation initiation is known to contribute to tumorigenesis. eIF3 plays an important role in translation initiation. eIF3f is the p47 subunit of the eIF3 complex whose function in cancer is not clear. Initial studies from our group indicated that eIF3f expression is decreased in pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of eIF3f induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The eIF3f gene is located at chromosome band region 11p15.4. Loss of 11p15.4 is a common event in many tumors including pancreatic cancer. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of the decreased expression of eIF3f in pancreatic cancer, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in 32 pancreatic cancer specimens using three microsatellite markers encompassing the eIF3f gene. We showed that the prevalence of LOH ranged from 71% to 93%. We also performed eIF3f gene copy number analysis using quantitative real time PCR to further confirm the specific allelic loss of eIF3f gene in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated a statistically significant decrease of eIF3f gene copy number in pancreatic tumors compared with normal tissues with a tumor/normal ratio of 0.24. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridization and tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that eIF3f expression is significantly decreased in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. These data provides new insight into the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of eIF3f during pancreatic tumorigenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinol decreases phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase activity in colon cancer cells
Authors: Park Eun Young , Wilder Erik T. , Chipuk Joseph E. , Lane Michelle A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPreviously, we showed that retinol inhibited all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐resistant human colon cancer cell invasion via a retinoic acid receptor‐independent mechanism. Because phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) regulates cell invasion, the objective of the current study was to determine if retinol affected PI3K activity. Following 24 h of serum starvation, the ATRA resistant human colon cancer cell lines HCT‐116 and SW620 were treated with 0, 1, or 10 µM retinol. Thirty minutes of retinol treatment resulted in a significant decrease in PI3K activity in both cell lines. To determine the mechanism by which retinol reduces PI3K activity, the levels and heterodimerization of the regulatory subunit, p85, and the catalytic subunit, p110, of PI3K were examined. Retinol treatment did not alter p85 or p110 protein levels or the heterodimerization of these subunits at any time point examined. To determine if retinol affected the ability of PI3K to phosphorylate the substrate, phosphatidylinositol (PI), PI3K was immunoprecipitated from control cells and incubated with 10 µg PI and increasing concentrations of retinol or 10 µg retinol and increasing concentrations of PI. Retinol decreased PI3K activity in a dose‐responsive manner and increased PI suppressed the inhibitory effect of retinol on PI3K activity. Finally, the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, mimicked the ability of retinol to decrease cell invasion. Computational modeling revealed that retinol may inhibit PI3K activity in a manner similar to that of wortmannin. Thus, a decrease in PI3K activity due to retinol treatment may confer the ability of retinol to inhibit ATRA‐resistant colon cancer cell invasion. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preventing cell death induced by carbonyl stress, oxidative stress or mitochondrial toxins with vitamin B anti‐AGE agents
Authors: Mehta Rhea , Shangari Nandita , O'Brien Peter J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCarbonyls generated by autoxidation of carbohydrates or lipid peroxidation have been implicated in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in tissues adversely affected by diabetes complications. Tissue AGE and associated pathology have been decreased by vitamin B1/B6 in trials involving diabetic animal models. To understand the molecular cytoprotective mechanisms involved, the effects of B1/B6 vitamers against cytotoxicity induced by AGE/advanced lipid end product (ALE) carbonyl precursors (glyoxal/acrolein) have been compared to cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress (hydroperoxide) or mitochondrial toxins (cyanide/copper). Thiamin was found to be best at preventing cell death induced by carbonyl stress and mitochondrial toxins but not oxidative stress cell death suggesting that thiamin pyrophosphate restored pyruvate and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenases inhibited by mitochondrial toxicity. However, B6 vitamers were most effective at preventing oxidative stress or lipid peroxidation cytotoxicity suggesting that pyridoxal or pyridoxal phosphate were antioxidants and/or Fe/Cu chelators. A therapeutic vitamin cocktail could provide maximal prevention against carbonyl stress toxicity associated with diabetic complications.
Does garlic have a role as an antidiabetic agent?
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Tzu , Sheen Lee‐Yan , Lii Chong‐Kuei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDiabetes affects a large segment of the population worldwide, and the prevalence of this disease is rapidly increasing. Despite the availability of medication for diabetes, traditional remedies are desirable and are currently being investigated. Garlic (Allium sativum), which is a common cooking spice and has a long history as a folk remedy, has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. However, there is no general agreement on the use of garlic for antidiabetic purposes, primarily because of a lack of scientific evidence from human studies and inconsistent data from animal studies. The validity of data from previous studies of the hypoglycemic effect of garlic in diabetic animals and the preventive effects of garlic on diabetes complications are discussed in this review. The role of garlic as both an insulin secretagogue and as an insulin sensitizer is reviewed. Evidence suggests that garlic's antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and antiglycative properties are responsible for garlic's role in preventing diabetes progression and the development of diabetes‐related complications. Large‐scale clinical studies with diabetic patients are warranted to confirm the usefulness of garlic in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
Towards automatic structured multiblock mesh generation using improved transfinite interpolation
Authors: Allen C. B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe quality of any numerical flowfield solution is inextricably linked to the quality of the mesh used. It is normally accepted that structured meshes are of higher quality than unstructured meshes, but are much more difficult to generate and, furthermore, for complex topologies a multiblock approach is required. This is the most resource‐intensive approach to mesh generation, since block structures, mesh point distributions, etc., need to be defined before the generation process, and so is seldom used in an industrial design loop, particularly where a novice user may be involved. This paper considers and presents two significant advances in multiblock mesh generation: the development of a fast, robust, and improved quality interpolation‐based generation scheme and a fully automatic multiblock optimization and generation method. A volume generation technique is presented based on a form of transfinite interpolation, but modified to include improved orthogonality and spacing control and, more significantly, an aspect ratio‐based smoothing algorithm that removes grid crossover and results in smooth meshes even for discontinuous boundary distributions. A fully automatic multiblock generation scheme is also presented, which only requires surface patch(es) and a target number of mesh cells. Hence, all user input is removed from the process, and a novice user is able to obtain a high‐quality mesh in a few minutes. It also means the code can be run in batch mode, or called as an external function, and so is ideal for incorporation into a design or optimization loop. To demonstrate the power and efficiency of the code, multiblock meshes of up to 256 million cells are presented for wings and rotors in hover and forward flight. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined extended finite element and level set method for biofilm growth
Authors: Duddu Ravindra , Bordas Stéphane , Chopp David , Moran Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a computational technique based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the level set method for the growth of biofilms. The discontinuous‐derivative enrichment of the standard finite element approximation eliminates the need for the finite element mesh to coincide with the biofilm–fluid interface and also permits the introduction of the discontinuity in the normal derivative of the substrate concentration field at the biofilm–fluid interface. The XFEM is coupled with a comprehensive level set update scheme with velocity extensions, which makes updating the biofilm interface fast and accurate without need for remeshing. The kinetics of biofilms are briefly given and the non‐linear strong and weak forms are presented. The non‐linear system of equations is solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme. Example problems including 1D and 2D biofilm growth are presented to illustrate the accuracy and utility of the method. The 1D results we obtain are in excellent agreement with previous 1D results obtained using finite difference methods. Our 2D results that simulate finger formation and finger‐tip splitting in biofilms illustrate the robustness of the present computational technique. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic syndrome traits in long‐term survivors of pediatric sarcoma
Authors: Hoffman Karen E. , Derdak Joanne , Bernstein Donna , Reynolds James C. , Avila Nilo A. , Gerber Lynn , Steinberg Seth M. , Chrousos George , Mackall Crystal L. , Mansky Patrick J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeThe metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, conveys an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This cross‐sectional study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome traits (MST) in long‐term survivors of pediatric sarcoma (SARC) who received multi‐modality therapy (MMT).MethodsThirty‐two SARC survivors (predominantly Ewings; median age 36.5; median age at MMT 15) underwent body composition, activity, and psychosocial analysis. Serum endocrine and inflammatory parameters and urine beta(2)‐microglobulin (B2M) were evaluated. The prevalence of MST was compared to age‐ and gender‐matched U.S. population data.ResultsSARC survivors were more likely to have two or more MST (OR 2.38 95% CI: [1.14, 5.04]). Analysis of individual MST demonstrated higher prevalence of hypertension (OR 2.61 95% CI: [1.20, 5.59]), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 3.63 95% CI: [1.75, 7.60]), and male visceral abdominal obesity (20–39 years old OR 4.63 95% CI: [0.91, 21.63], 40–59 years old OR infinity). Survivors 18–39 years old had a higher prevalence of the MS (OR 4.29 95% CI: [1.50, 11.21]), defined as three or more MST. Plasminogen activator inhibitory activity (P = 0.016) and B2M (P = 0.027) increased with increasing numbers of MST. In males, total testosterone declined (P = 0.0027) as the number of MST increased. Average (P = 0.014) and maximum (P = 0.021) activity levels decreased as the number of MST increased.ConclusionAfter a median follow up of 17 years, adult SARC survivors of MMT had an increased prevalence of MST, especially those less than 40 years old. The development of MST in this population was associated with decreased testosterone and activity levels. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:341–346. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of community pharmacists' views of over‐the‐counter omeprazole and simvastatin
Authors: Stewart Derek , John Dai , Cunningham Scott , McCaig Dorothy , Hansford Denise 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeSimvastatin and omeprazole were re‐classified to pharmacy status in Great Britain in summer 2004. The purpose of this study was to compare the views of community pharmacists on over‐the‐counter (OTC) omeprazole and simvastatin.MethodsA pre‐piloted questionnaire mailed to 2000 randomly selected community pharmacy premises, with open questions relating to pharmacists' views. Pharmacists' attitudes on aspects of supply were sought using Likert scales. Content analysis was performed on responses to the open question and Wilcoxon signed ranks test (z) used to compare responses to the attitudinal statements.ResultsOne thousand one hundred and fifty‐six questionnaires were returned (57.8%). Themes around omeprazole illustrated positive views compared to concerns relating to simvastatin. Whereas omeprazole was seen as a welcome addition, there were issues around the poor evidence base for simvastatin. Further simvastatin related concerns were in areas of cardiovascular risk assessment, adverse drug reactions and likelihood of patients not committing to therapy. For both agents, excessive cost was an issue. Nearly three‐quarters of pharmacists agreed they were entirely confident about selling omeprazole (835, 73%), significantly more than simvastatin (691, 60%); (z = 9.243, p < 0.001).ConclusionsTwo re‐classified medicines have raised common and product‐specific themes. Many themes relate to clinical governance such as evidence‐based practice, risk management and continuing professional development (CPD). Views on the availability and circumstances surrounding the OTC supply differ in certain regards, for example, more believe that they should be involved in the sale of simvastatin personally than for sales of omeprazole. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PS/PMMA mixed polymer brushes on the surface of clay layers: Preparation and application in polymer blends
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yang Yongfang , Zhao Chuanzhuang , Zhao Hanying 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) mixed polymer brushes on the surface of clay layers were prepared by using in situ free radical polymerization. Free radical initiator molecules with two quaternary ammonium groups at both ends were intercalated into the interlayer spacing of clay layers. The amount of polymer brushes grafted on the surface of clay layers can be controlled by controlling the polymerization time. Thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope results indicated successful preparation of the mixed polymer brushes on the surface of clay layers. The kinetics of the grafting of the monomers was also studied. The mixed polymer brushes on the surface of clay layers were used as compatibilizers in blends of PS and PMMA. In the blends, the intercalated clay particles tend to locate at the interface of two phases reducing the interfacial tension. In the meanwhile, PMMA homopolymer chains tend to intercalate into clay layers. The driving force for the intercalation is the compatibility between homo‐PMMA chains and PMMA brushes on the surface of clay layers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5329–5338, 2007
Incidents of bee poisoning with pesticides in the United Kingdom, 1994–2003
Authors: Barnett Elizabeth A , Charlton Andrew J , Fletcher Mark R 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFor over 20 years, the UK Agriculture Departments have monitored the direct effects of pesticides on beneficial insects, mainly honeybees (Apis mellifera, L.) and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, L.), as part of the Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS). The Central Science Laboratory (CSL) has contributed to WIIS by providing the required laboratory skills for the determination of bee diseases and the expert analytical experience necessary to determine low‐level pesticide residues and interpret these results. The results from WIIS form part of the pesticide regulatory process coordinated by the Pesticides Safety Directorate (PSD) and are published each year. This paper has reviewed the data from WIIS over the 10 year period from 1994 to 2003. The overall trend is that suspected poisoning incidents, reported by beekeepers and the general public, have declined from 56 incidents per year to 23 incidents per year. The number of these incidents that have been attributed to pesticide poisoning has also declined, from 25 incidents to five incidents per year. The possible reasons for these changes and the circumstances involved in the bee poisoning incidents are discussed. However, the source of the pesticide in bee poisoning incidents is often uncertain and the likely cause of these incidents and any trends over time are also discussed. © Crown copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new look at thermal properties of nanotubes
Authors: Zettl A. , Chang C. W. , Begtrup G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe thermal conductance of nanotubes is examined over a wide temperature range and as a function of mechanical manipulation. It is found that carbon nanotubes maintain impressive thermal conductance up to their decomposition temperature of ∼3200 K. For both carbon and boron nitride multiwalled nanotubes the thermal conductance is relatively independent of tube bending angle, but it can be substantially tuned by “telescoping” the tubes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interlayer asymmetry gap in the electronic band structure of bilayer graphene
Authors: McCann Edward 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe low‐energy electronic band structure of bilayer graphene consists of four bands: a pair of bands split from zero energy by the interlayer coupling and a pair of bands which touch at zero energy in a nominally undoped system. The latter support massive, chiral quasiparticles with a parabolic dispersion and Berry phase 2π. Asymmetry between the potential energies of the layers opens a tuneable gap between the conduction and valence bands. A self‐consistent Hartree approximation is used to model the control of such an interlayer asymmetry gap induced by a transverse electric field in a graphene‐based field‐effect transistor. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of catalysts' activation on their activity and selectivity in carbon nanotubes synthesis
Authors: Usoltseva A. , Kuznetsov V. , Rudina N. , Moroz E. , Haluska M. , Roth S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper we have investigated the influence of catalysts' activation conditions on their selectivity in carbon nanotubes CVD synthesis by means of methane decomposition reaction using Fe‐ and FeCo‐catalysts synthesized via polymerized complex rout providing homogeneous distribution of catalytic components. It was shown that variation of catalysts' reduction conditions results in formation of different types of NTs (MWNTs or SWNTs). The most effective catalyst activation leading to formation of SWNTs consists in catalyst reduction by reaction mixture at high temperature. That can be explained in terms of carbon deposits nucleation on metals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of structurally sorted single‐wall carbon nanotube ensembles
Authors: Crochet J. , Clemens M. , Hertel T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing density gradient ultracentrifugation and isopycnic fractionation we structurally sort traditionally prepared single‐wall carbon nanotube suspensions, and show that fractions with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of over 1% can be isolated. Moreover, we find that traditionally prepared suspensions appear to be composed of a significant fraction of small nanotube aggregates which reduce the quantum yield of the ensembles by a factor of 5 with respect to the most photoluminescent fractions. In order to better understand the nature of the nonradiative decay processes that lead to lower ensemble PL quantum yields, nanotube ropes of diameter enriched tubes are made and compared with the aforementioned ensemble measurements. Changes in the optical properties are discussed in terms of energy transfer to metallic tubes, carbonaceous particles, and smaller band gap tubes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carbon nanotubes in liquid crystals as versatile functional materials
Authors: Scalia Giusy , Lagerwall Jan P. F. , Schymura S. , Haluska M. , Giesselmann F. , Roth Siegmar 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLiquid crystals can be easily aligned in desired directions by treated surfaces or by external fields. The least ordered liquid crystal phase, the nematic, exhibits orientational order that can be easily transferred onto carbon nanotubes dispersed in it. The alignment of the carbon nanotubes can be demonstrated by polarized Raman spectroscopy. Carbon nanotubes not only well integrate in the matrix but also, even at very low concentration, have a detectable effect on the liquid crystal properties that can be very attractive for display applications. The presence of big aggregates of carbon nanotubes, on the other hand, interfere strongly with the switching behaviour of the liquid crystal, as we can show following the local switching of liquid crystal molecules with Raman spectroscopy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Random and localized resistive switching observation in Pt/NiO/Pt
Authors: Yun Jung‐Bin , Kim Sejin , Seo Sunae , Lee Myoung‐Jae , Kim Dong‐Chul , Ahn Seung‐Eon , Park Yongsoo , Kim Jiyoung , Shin Hyunjung 
Published: October 2007

AbstractResistive memory switching devices based on transition metal oxides are now emerging as a candidate for nonvolatile memories. To visualize nano‐sized (10 nm to 30 nm in diameter) conducting filamentary paths in the surface of NiO thin films during repetitive switching, current sensing–atomic force microscopy and ultra‐thin (<5 nm) Pt films as top electrodes were used. Some areas (or spots), which were assumed to be the beginning of the conducting filaments, appeared (formation) and disappeared (rupture) in a localized and random fashion during the switching and are thought to contribute to resistive memory switching. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical calculation of overlap and kinetic integrals in prolate spheroidal coordinates. II
Authors: Romanowski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe efficient algorithm calculating the overlap and the kinetic integrals for the numerical atomic orbitals is presented. On the basis of the prolate spheroidal coordinates, the overlap and the kinetic integral are reduced to the integral over the rectangular domain. The integration over the rectangular domain is performed by the adaptive integration scheme. The developed algorithm is applied to calculate the integrals for the pairs of hydrogen and gallium eigenfunctions. It is demonstrated that high accuracy can be obtained for small number of integrand evaluations what guarantees the efficiency of the presented algorithm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008