bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental atherosclerosis: effects of oestrogen and atherosclerosis on thromboxane and prostacyclin formation
Authors: FOGELBERG MONICA , VESTERQVIST O. , DICZFALUSY U. , HENRIKSSON P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. We evaluated the effect of oestrogen and experimental atherosclerosis on the in vivo formation of thromboxane and prostacyclin in rabbits. Twenty‐four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups. One group received control diet, one group received control diet and oestrogen, one group received control diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol and one group received cholesterol supplemented diet and oestrogen during 3 months. The in vivo formation of thromboxane and prostacyclin were measured as 2,3‐dinor‐TxB2 and 2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGFlx in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectro‐metry.All rabbits on cholesterol diet became hypercholes‐terolaemic and developed atherosclerosis. As in previous experiments cholesterol and oestrogen‐treated rabbits had only minor atherosclerosis compared to purely cholesterol‐fed rabbits. The in vivo production of thromboxane in oestrogen‐treated rabbits decreased from 1641 ± 162 pg mg−1 creatinine pretreat‐ment to 808±92 pg mg−1 creatine at 12 weeks (P = 0.0001). In contrast, the in vivo production of prostacyclin increased during oestrogen treatment (P = 0.0027). The in vivo production of prostacyclin decreased during pure cholesterol feeding without oestrogen 1384 ± 219 pg mg−1 creatinine to 702 ±142 pg mg−1 creatinine (P = 0.0091). The ratio of in vivo prostacyclin to thromboxane formation increased 2–3‐fold during oestrogen therapy (P = 0.0007).In summary the study shows a pronounced reduction in the in vivo thromboxane formation and an increase in the ratio of prostacyclin/thromboxane production during oestrogen therapy. In parallel with this we found in this experiment, as well as in other experiments, a drastic reduction in atherosclerotic involvement during oestrogen therapy. These putative favourable changes in prostanoid formation during oestrogen treatment could add further positive actions of oestrogen on atherosclerosis in addition to previously described reductions in atherogenic lipopro‐teins and increases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Biliary lipids in familial combined hyperlipidaemia: effects of acipimox therapy
Authors: ERICSSON S. , ERIKSSON M. , ANGELIN B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Biliary lipid composition and plasma lipo‐protein levels were determined in nine gallstone‐free male patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL). In the basal situation, stimulated fasting duodenal bile from the patients contained a higher relative concentration of cholesterol than bile obtained from age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls (n= 22), 6.5 ± 0.3 (SEM) vs. 4.7 ± 0.2 mol % (P<0.01). This resulted in a higher cholesterol saturation of bile from FCHL patients, 85±6 vs. 70±2% (P<0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment with acipimox, 750 mg day‐1, total plasma triglycerides were lowered from 7.5± 1.5 to 4.6 ± 0.7 mmol l‐1 (P<0.05) and plasma cholesterol decreased from 8.0 ±0.1 to 7.1 ±0.3 mmol l‐1 (P<0.05) in the FCHL patients. These changes were mainly due to a decrease in very low density lipoprotein concentrations while low density lipopro‐tein levels remained unaltered.The relative proportion of cholesterol in stimulated fasting duodenal bile was reduced from 6.5±0.3 to 4.3 ± 0.5 mol % (P<0.01), resulting in ‘normalization’ of biliary cholesterol saturation, from 85 ± 6 to 58±6% (P< 0.005). No correlations between the changes in biliary lipid composition and those in plasma lipoprotein levels were observed.The results indicate that treatment with acipimox in patients with FCHL, a disorder commonly associated with supersaturated bile, does not increase biliary cholesterol, and presumably not the risk for gallstone formation.
Longitudinal study of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, the forearm and the lower extremities after spinal cord injury
Authors: BIERING‐SØRENSEN F. , BOHR H. H. , SCHAADT O. P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and shaft, and proximal tibia was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in six men and two women after traumatic spinal cord injuries. In six of these patients, BMC of the distal forearm was measured as well. The patients were 18–49 years old at injury and had complete motor lesions from C7 to LI. All but one had some spasticity, and they all used a wheelchair. The initial BMC measurements were carried out from 9–167 days (median 43) post‐injury and followed up by 5–13 (median 8) measurements up to 31 ‐53 months (median 41) after the injury. BMC of the lumbar spine and distal forearm remained nearly unchanged in the whole period, and the measurements were within the normal range, except for the lumbar spine when Harrington rods in the scanned area induced high BMC values. In the lower extremities the BMC decreased after injury. New steady‐state levels for BMC were reached at 2 years post‐injury for the proximal tibia and the femoral neck at 40–50% and 60–70% respectively of normal values. For the femoral shaft the decrease in BMC was more slow and it seems that a steady‐state was not reached within our observation period for several of the patients.This longitudinal study indicates, in agreement with a previous cross‐sectional study, that normal muscle function and load bearing is necessary to prevent bone loss.
Postprandial exocrine pancreatic function during long‐term treatment with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 in acromegalic patients
Authors: LIESSUM P. A. VAN , HOPMAN W. P. M. , PIETERS G. F. F. M. , SMALS A. G. H. , TANGERMAN A. , JANSENJ J. B. M. J. , ROSENBUSCH G. , LAMERS C. B. H. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.Long‐term treatment with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 (SMS) might impair exocrine pancreatic function, secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and pancreatic size. In five acromegalics on chronic treatment with SMS, we investigated postprandial 6‐h urinary excretion of p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and p‐aminosali‐cylic acid (PAS) after s.c. injection of 100 μg SMS or placebo and after ingestion of 2 mmol nBT‐PABA and 2 mmol PAS.In the acromegalics, urinary PABA/PAS ratio (reflecting exocrine pancreatic function) after SMS was similar to that after placebo (P > 0.10) and higher than in healthy volunteers (n= 8, P=0–05). The initial inhibition of plasma CCK secretion by SMS was cancelled during the 3rd h after the meal, whereas PP release remained completely abolished. Pancreatic size as measured by ultrasonography, was not reduced in seven acromegalics compared with 14 healthy volunteers.It is concluded that despite a blunted release of the trophic hormone CCK, long‐term treatment with SMS 201–995 neither induces an abnormally small pancreas nor deterioration of postprandial exocrine pancreatic function in patients with acromegaly.
Ascorbate‐induced hyperoxalaemia has no significant effect on lactate generation or erythrocyte 2,3, diphosphoglycerate in dialysis patients
Authors: TOMSON C. R. V. , CHANNON S. M. , WARD M. K. , LAKER M. F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To examine the possible effects of hyperoxalaemia on anaerobic metabolism and erythrocyte pyruvate kinase activity, we induced a rise in plasma oxalate in 11 dialysis patients by the oral administration of ascorbic acid, 500 mg day‐1 for 3 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the same antecubital vein before and after the supplementation period, without venous stasis, after an overnight fast. This protocol allowed patients to be used as their own controls. Five healthy subjects underwent an identical protocol to exclude any effect of ascorbate per se.Mean (SEM) plasma oxalate (μmol l‐1) rose from 30.3 (3.5) to 48.4 (6.1) in patients and from 1.4 (0.2) to 6.8 (0.9) in healthy subjects. Whole blood ascorbate (mgl‐1) rose from 70 (0.7) to 26.6 (2.5) in patients and from 9.3 (1.2) to 17.8 (1.8) in healthy subjects (reference range 7.5–20.0 mg l‐1).No changes were observed in either group in plasma creatinine, bicarbonate, haemoglobin, or erythrocyte 2,3, diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) after the 3 week supplementation period.Before supplementation lactate generation (area under curve, mmol min l‐1) in the 5 min following a 60 s period of standardized ischaemic forearm exercise was significantly (P= 0.026) greater in patients [69.1 (4.7)] than in healthy subjects [46.9 (6.7)]; no significant change in lactate generation occurred in either group after ascorbate‐induced hyperoxalaemia.We conclude that changes in plasma oxalate of the order of 20 μmol l‐1 have no significant effect on lactate generation or 2,3, DPG levels in uraemic subjects.,
Effect of a monounsaturated diet vs. a polyunsaturated fatty acid‐enriched diet on blood pressure in normotensive women and men
Authors: MENSINK R. P. , STOLWIJK A. M. , KATAN M. B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect on blood pressure of monounsaturated and (n‐6)polyunsaturated fatty acids was studied under strict dietary control in normotensive subjects. For 17 days 31 women and 27 men received a control diet providing 19.3% of energy as saturated fat. Then subjects were randomized over two test diets: one diet provided 15.1% of energy from monounsaturated and 7.9% from polyunsaturated fatty acids (‘mono diet’), and the other diet provided 10.8% from monounsaturated and 12.7% from polyunsaturated fatty acids (‘poly diet’). Saturated fat intake was now 12.8% on both diets.Mean blood pressure at the end of the control period was 116/69 mmHg for the mono group and 117/73 mmHg for the poly group. After 5 weeks on the test diet, blood pressure was 115/67 mmHg for the mono group and 117/72 mm Hg for the poly group (difference in changes between the two diet groups was not significant).These findings suggest that at a high fat intake, linoleic acid, when providing more than 7.9% of energy intake, does not influence blood pressure relative to oleic acid in normotensive women and men.,
Increased insulin resistance and fat cell lipolysis in obese but not lean women with a high waist/hip ratio
Authors: LANDIN K. , LÖNNROTH P. , KROTKIEWSKI M. , HOLM G. , SMITH U. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Increased lipolysis in abdominal adipocytes has been suggested to be of importance for the insulin resistance typical for abdominal obesity. In order to differentiate between fat distribution, measured as waist/hip ratio (WHR), and amount of body fat, glucose disposal during a euglycaemic clamp as well as lipolysis in isolated cells from abdominal and gluteo‐femoral regions were studied in 20 obese and 20 lean postmenopausal women with a high (n= 10) and low (n= 10) WHR, respectively.The lipolytic response was increased in cells from obese women irrespective of region. Furthermore, lipolysis was enhanced in abdominal compared with the gluteo‐femoral cells in obese women with a high WHR. Fasting blood glucose and insulin were increased in both groups of obese women while the degree of insulin resistance was most pronounced in the obese women with a high WHR.It is concluded that increased body fat is associated with both insulin resistance and increased lipolysis, and that this relationship is stronger in the presence of a high WHR. A high WHR may increase the expression of obesity as a risk for insulin resistance and this may be mediated through an increased lipolytic rate.
Hepatitis B vaccination of haemodialysis patients: randomized controlled trial comparing plasma‐derived vaccine with and without pre‐S2 antigen
Authors: SMIT‐LEIJS M. B. L. , KRAMER P. , HEIJTINK R. A. , HOP W. C. J. , SCHALM S. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The pre‐S2protein of the hepatitis B virus envelope evokes anti‐pre‐S2antibodies and enhances the anti‐HBs response after vaccination in mice. In order to evaluate the immunogenicity of the pre‐S2Ag in man, 102 HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc‐negative haemodialysis patients were vaccinated at random according to one of four vaccination schedules: 5 μg plasma vaccine Pasteur (containing 1 % pre‐S2) or 20 μg plasma vaccine MSD (no pre‐S2) at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 months; or 10 μg Pasteur or 40 μg MSD at 0, 1,2 and 6 months. Anti‐HBs levels were measured by RIA and expressed in IU 1‐1; anti‐pre‐S2response was evaluated by both EIA and Western blot analysis.Eighty‐four per cent (95% confidence interval: 75–93) of the patients exhibited an anti‐HBs response of 2 IU l‐1or more and 71% (95% confidence interval: 61–81) reached an anti‐HBs level of at least 10 IU l‐1 within 13 months of the start of vaccination. Anti‐HBs response correlated with age (the response rate decreased with increasing age) but not with either the type of vaccine or dosage. An anti‐pre‐S2response was observed in 16% (EIA) and 46% (Western blot) of the patients immunized with the Pasteur vaccine and none (EIA, Western blot) of the MSD group. The level of anti‐pre‐S2antibodies correlated with high anti‐HBs titres; an anti‐pre‐S2response occurred in only one anti‐HBs‐negative patient.The addition of 1% pre‐S2to the HBsAg plasma hepatitis B vaccine had no significant effect on the anti‐HBs response in haemodialysis patients and did not markedly broaden protective immunity. Further studies of recombinant vaccines with a higher pre‐S2content are needed to document the possibility of enhanced immunogenicity of pre‐S2Ag‐containing hepatitis B vaccines in man.
Atrial natriuretic factor, cyclic 3‘,5’‐guanosine monophosphate and prostaglandin E2 in liver cirrhosis: relation to blood volume and changes in blood volume after furosemide
Authors: JESPERSEN B. , JENSEN L. , SØRENSEN S. S. , PEDERSEN E. B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and cyclic 3′,5‐guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in 11 cirrhotic patients with ascites, 11 cirrhotic patients without ascites and 15 control subjects. The following were determined in 15 of the cirrhotic patients and in all the control subjects: blood volume (BV) and furosemide‐induced changes in BV, plasma values of ANF, cGMP, angiotensin II (AII), aldosterone (Aldo), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and urinary excretion rates of cGMP, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), water and sodium. Basal plasma levels of ANF and cGMP were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in controls, but were the same in both groups of cirrhotics (ANF: cirrhosis with ascites 12.7, without ascites 13.4, and in controls 5.8 pmol l‐1 (medians); cGMP: 7.7, 7.4 and 4.3 nmol l‐1, respectively). BV was less reduced after furosemide in the cirrhotic patients (6.0%) than in the healthy subjects (10.1%), but basal BV did not differ. Urinary sodium excretion rates after furosemide were significantly lower in the cirrhotic patients than in the controls. PGEl excretion rate increased after furosemide in the cirrhotic patients (0.29 to 0.66 pmol minl‐1; P < 0.01) but not in the controls (0.31 to 0.38 pmol minl‐1). After furosemide ANF and cGMP decreased slightly in both groups whereas AII and Aldo increased; AVP increased in the controls, but not in the cirrhotic patients.In conclusion, plasma values of ANF and cGMP are increased in liver cirrhosis both with and without ascites. This and the elevated PGEl2 excretion after furosemide may be compensatory phenomena in order to facilitate renal sodium excretion.
Acute effects of antacids on gastric juice components in duodenal ulcer patients
Authors: WEBERG R. , BERSTAD K. , BERSTAD A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In 10 duodenal ulcer patients gastric juice was aspirated every 10 min for 20 min before and 200 min after sham feeding. One antacid tablet or placebo was given 80 min after the sham feeding. Analyses of the aspirates showed that antacids reduced mean hydrogen ion activity and pepsin concentration significantly for 40 and 60 min, respectively, and increased phospholipid concentration for 30 min, compared with placebo. Highest mean pH was 2.52. The percentage of pH readings at or above pH levels of 2, 3, and 4 during the 2 h period following antacid administration was 29, 10, and 2%, respectively. No significant differences between antacid and placebo were found regarding intragastric concentrations of bile acids and prostaglandin E2. When one antacid tablet was administered 80 min after a real meal, the effect on intragastric pH was similarly weak, but lasted slightly longer.Acid neutralization alone can hardly explain the ulcer‐healing effect of low‐dose antacids. Antacid‐induced increase in intragastric concentration of phos‐pholipids is a new and potentially important observation.
Hyperoxaluria or hypercalciuria in nephrolithiasis: the importance of renal tubular functions
Authors: LINDSJÖ M. , FELLSTRÖM B. , DANIELSON B. G. , KASIDAS G. P. , ROSE G. A. , LJUNGHALL S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The role of the kidney in states of hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria was investigated in seven patients with hyperoxaluria after jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and six patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC). Eight apparently healthy persons formed a control group.Besides hyperoxaluria, the patients with JIB displayed an elevated plasma concentration of oxalate and the oxalate clearance was increased and higher than creatinine clearance, indicating a net tubular secretion of oxalate. The JIB patients had lower 24‐h urinary excretions of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and citrate and higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) than controls, indicating increased secretion of PTH to compensate for calcium malabsorption.IHC patients exhibited increased fasting urinary calcium even though their serum values were similar to those in the controls. These results indicate a reduced tubular calcium reabsorption, which was most pronounced in patients with highest PTH values.We conclude that hyperoxaluria in JIB patients is associated both with intestinal hyperabsorption and with enhanced tubular secretion of oxalate, and that in some patients with IHC hypercalciuria is due to reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium.
Effect of human recombinant erythropoietin on anaemia and dialysis efficiency in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: STEINHAUER H.B. , LUBRICH‐BIRKNER I. , DREYLING K.W. , SCHOLLMEYER P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of long‐term treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been studied in nine end‐stage renal disease patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).RHuEPO was administered subcutaneously twice weekly in rising doses starting with 50 Ukg–1 body weight. After 3 months of rHuEPO haemoglobin increased from 77±7 ± 3±2 to 112±7 ± 5±6 g l–1 (P < 0±03), haematocrit rose from 22±8 ± 1±2 to 30±3 ± 1±7% (P < 0±01). A consistent decrease in ferritin concentration was observed during this time (P < 0±05). After 12 months of rHuEPO treatment and increased oral iron supplementation the rises of haemoglobin and haematocrit remained stable without other significant haematological changes.The rHuEPO‐induced rise in haematocrit was associated with an increased peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) without change in diuresis and body weight. UF improved from 128 ± 28 ml 4 h–1 dwell time to 273 ± 45 ml 4 h–1 (P < 0±03) within 3 months of rHuEPO treatment, and remained stable during the following study period (month 12: 253 ± 43 ml 4h–1, P < 0±05).The rise in UF resulted in improved peritoneal clearances of creatinine, urea, potassium, and phosphate (P < 0±05, month 3). No change was observed in serum urea, creatinine, calcium, and potassium. Serum phosphate increased throughout the first 6 months of rHuEPO (P < 0±05). No severe adverse effects of rHuEPO treatment could be observed.The present results demonstrate that long‐term subcutaneous administration of rHuEPO is effective in correcting renal anaemia in CAPD patients and may improve dialysis efficiency by increased peritoneal ultrafiltration.
Cyclosporin‐A‐induced lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes and its influence on cytochrome P‐450
Authors: INSELMANN G. , BARTH A. , ENGEMANN R. , HEIDEMANN H. TH. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The present in vitro study using human liver tissue was performed to investigate the effect of cyclosporin A on lipid peroxidation and cytochrome P‐450 concentration in isolated liver microsomes. Incubations were either carried out with cyclosporin A concentrations of 10,30,100 and 300 μg ml‐1 for 1 h or for different time periods (15, 30, 60 and 90 min) with cyclosporin A 300 μg ml‐1. Lipid peroxidation was monitored measuring the amount of malondialdehyde. In additional experiments the effect of reduced and oxidized glutathione (1 mM) on cyclosporin‐A‐induced lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes was studied.Cyclosporin A caused a significant dose and time‐dependent increase of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. At the highest cyclosporin A concentration (300 μg ml‐1) malondialdehyde production increased 5‐fold in comparison to corresponding control values. Incubations for different time periods resulted in a 5‐fold net increase of malondialdehyde formation after 90 min.In the presence of reduced glutathione, cyclosporin‐A‐induced lipid peroxidation was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, cyclosporin‐A‐induced microsomal lipid peroxidation was accompanied by a significant dose‐dependent decline of the microsomal cytochrome P‐450 content. At a cyclosporin A concentration of 300 μg ml‐1, cytochrome P‐450 content was decreased to 49% in comparison to control values. In the presence of reduced gluthathione, cyclosporin A decreased the cytochrome P‐450 concentration only to 79% (P<0·05). In contrast, oxidized glutathione had no effect.In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that cyclosporin A induces lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes accompanied by a decrease of the microsomal cytochrome P‐450 content. Lipid peroxidation may therefore contribute to cyclosprin‐A‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Liquid crystal thermography as a screening test for deep vein thrombosis in patients with cerebral infarction
Authors: CAMERON E. W. , SACHDEV D. , GISHEN P. , MARTIN J. F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Pulmonary embolism secondary to deep vein thrombosis is a frequent cause of death in stroke patients. In a multicentre study of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, 112 patients with cerebral infarction and leg paresis were given aspirin 300 mg three times a day (t.d.s.) alone or with dipyridamole 100 mg t.d.s. To screen for deep vein thrombosis liquid crystal thermography of the legs was performed daily for 15 days on all patients. Those patients with positive thermography underwent immediate X‐ray venography of the appropriate limb as the definitive investigation for venous thrombosis.Twenty‐two patients had positive thermograms, of whom 16 had confirmed deep vein thrombosis as demonstrated by X‐ray venography. Only 8 of the 22 had clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis and 2 of those had a negative venogram. Of the 14 patients with positive thermography but negative clinical signs 10 had positive venograms. Difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the two treatment groups was not demonstrated.It is concluded that occult deep venous thrombosis is common after ischaemic stroke and it can occur without clinical signs. Liquid crystal thermography is a simple, rapid and cheap screening test that will allow the detection of clinically unrecognized thrombosis.