bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of oestrogen receptor in symptomatic breast carcinoma, using fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: CUTHBERT A. , HERBERT A. , CODDINGTON R. , THEAKER J. , TAYLOR I. , ROYLE G. T. 
Published: May 2007

Oestrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER‐ICA) was used to determine oestrogen receptor (ER) content of cells in fine needle aspirate (FNA) specimens from 88 breast carcinomas. In 49 of these the radioligand binding assay for oestradiol was available for comparison. The predictive value of ER‐ICA staining for a positive radioligand binding assay (greater than 10 fmol/mg protein) was 95%. Although the predictive value of negative staining was only 66%, 34 out of 37 ER‐ICA negative tumours had radioligand binding assays below 60 fmol/mg protein.ER‐ICA staining showed a strong positive correlation with age of the patient, positivity being rare before the menopause. There was a weak inverse correlation with tumour grade but none with tumour size or lymph node status.The assessment of ER by immunocytochemistry using FNA cytology is a rapid technique, which may easily be repeated and provides a pre‐operative assessment of ER status. It allows confirmation that tumour cells are present in the sample and an assessment of tumour heterogeneity.
Cytopathology of Follicular Tumours of the Thyroid With Clear Cell Change
Authors: HARACH H. R. , VIRGILI E. , SOLER G. , ZUSMAN S. B. , DAY E. SARAVIA 
Published: May 2007

A retrospective cytological study of nine follicular tumours of the thyroid with clear cell change was undertaken. In five clear cell adenomas and one moderately differentiated clear cell follicular carcinoma the epithelial cells occurred singly or in sheets and clusters; they sometimes assumed a trabecular or follicular pattern. the cells usually had pale diffusely vacuolated cytoplasm with ill‐defined boundaries, a variable degree of anisonucleosis, nucleolar enlargement, and nuclear overlapping. Smears from a signet‐ring cell adenoma contained in addition a few cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles and compressed eccentric nuclei.In these cases a cytological diagnosis of ‘follicular lesion’ (or follicular neoplasia), clear cell type or signet‐ring cell type, was given. A cytodiagnosis of ‘carcinoma’ was made only in the poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma‐clear cell variant studied which showed unequivocal features of malignancy. Features suggestive of thyroid cyst, nodular goitre, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and cell hyperactivity (marginal vacuoles, ‘fire flare’) were also found in the aspirated specimens of these cases of clear cell tumour of the thyroid.
Immunocytochemical Staining of Serous Effusions: an Additional Method In the Routine Cytology Practice?
Authors: JENSEN M. LIDANG , JOHANSEN P. 
Published: May 2007

In a consecutive and prospective cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical study we have examined 100 serous fluids with a panel of antibodies. Three different immunocytochemical patterns of staining were recognized: (i) a benign profile showing no Ber‐EP4 or CEA‐positive cells; (ii) a malignant profile with Ber‐EP4 and strongly EMA‐positive epithelial cells; and (iii) a malignant profile in which mesothelial cells were strongly positive for EMA. By applying these profiles the number of malignant cases recognized increased from 19 to 38. All cytomorphologic malignant fluids showed a malignant profile, but in two cases a malignant epithelial profile was found in patients without otherwise proven malignant disease (false positive staining). Immunocytochemistry with anti‐Ber‐EP4 and anti‐EMA can be recommended as a routine procedure, but the marker result should always be correlated with cytomorphology, eventual histologic data and clinical records.Dans cette étude cytomorphologique prospective, nous avons analysé 100 liquides d'épanchement des séreuses, consécutifs, à l'aide d'une batterie d'anticorps. Trois profils immunocytochimiques différents ont été individualisés: (i) un profil bénin dans lequel aucune cellule n'est positive avec Ber‐EP4 ou l'ACE, (ii) un profil malin avec des cellules épithéliales fortement positives aves Ber‐EP4 et avec l'EMA et (iii) un profil malin dans lequel les cellules mésothéliales sont fortement positives avec l'EMA. En appliquant ces notions de profils, le nombre de cas malins reconnus passe de 19 à 38. Tous les cas cytologiquement malins avaient un profil malin, mais 2 cas de profil immunocytochimique épithélial malin correspondaient à des patients chez lesquels aucune pathologie maligne n'a été trouvée (faux positif). L'immunocytochimie avec l'anti Ber‐EP4 et l'anti EMA doit être recommandée en pratique de routine, mais les résultats de ces immunomarquages doivent toujours être corrélés avec l'étude morphologique et les éventuelles données histologiques et cliniques.In einer prospektiven cytomorphologischen und immuncytochemischen Studie wurden 100 seröse Ergüsse mit einer Gruppe von Antikörpern überprüft. Es fanden sich 3 unterschiedliche Reaktionsmuster: (i) eine gutartige Gruppe ohne positive Reaktion auf Ber‐EP4 oder CEA, (ii) eine maligne Gruppe mit Ber‐EP4 positiven und stark positiven EMA‐Zellen und (iii) eine maligne Gruppe mit stark positiven mesothelialen Zellen auf EMA. Unter Anwendung dieser Einteilung konnte die Zahl der diagnostizierten malignen Fälle von 19 auf 38 vergrößert werden. Alle cytologisch malignen Fälle entsprachen den malignen Gruppen, während 2 Patienten mit immuncytochemisch positiven Befund keinerlei Malignitätszeichen aufwiesen. Der immuncytochemische Einsatz von Anti Ber‐EP4 und Anti EMA kann als Routineverfahren empfohlen werden, wobei jedoch immer eine Korrelation mit der Cytomorphologie oder histologischen und klinischen Daten berücksichtigt werden sollte.
Ectopic Darier's Disease of the Cervix: an Extraordinary Cause of an Abnormal Smear
Authors: ADAM A. E. 
Published: May 2007

A small number of skin diseases may involve either extremity of the alimentary tract or the vulva. Fortunately for patients and cytoscreeners, they rarely involve the cervix or vagina. When they do, difficulty in diagnosis may arise if a full history is not provided. A case is described of cervicovaginal Darier's disease, which presented with an abnormal cervical smear and led to a dermatological referral.Un petit nombre de pathologies cutanées peuvent concerner une extrémité du tractus digestif ou la vulve. Heureusement pour les maladies et pour les cytotechniciens, ces affections touchent rarement le col ou le vagin. Lorsqu'elles le font, des difficultés diagnostiques peuvent exister si l'histoire clinique compléte n'est pas transmise. Ce travail décruit un cas de localisation cervico‐vaginale de maladie de Darier, qui s'est présenté avec un frottis cervical anormal et qui à conduit a une consultation dermatologique.Eine kleine Zahl von Hauterkrankungen befällt gelegentlich auch die Analregion und die Vulva. 1st dies der Fall kann bei Fehlen der Anamnese eine zytologische Beurteilung schwierig sein. Ein derartiger Fall, der ein dermatologisches Konzil crforderlich machte, wird vorgestellt.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae SSD1 orthologues are essential for host infection by the ascomycete plant pathogens Colletotrichum lagenarium and Magnaporthe grisea
Authors: Tanaka Shigeyuki , Yamada Kaori , Yabumoto Kayo , Fujii Satoshi , Huser Aurélie , Tsuji Gento , Koga Hironori , Dohi Koji , Mori Masashi , Shiraishi Tomonori , O'Connell Richard , Kubo Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2007

SummaryFungal plant pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to overcome the multilayered plant defence responses that confront them upon host invasion. Here we show that pathogenicity of the cucumber anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum lagenarium, and the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, requires a gene orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae SSD1, a regulator of cell wall assembly. Screening for C. lagenarium insertional mutants deficient in pathogenicity led to the identification of ClaSSD1. Following targeted gene replacement, appressoria of classd1 mutants retained the potential for penetration but were unable to penetrate into host epidermal cells. Transmission electron microscopy suggested that appressorial penetration by classd1 mutants was restricted by plant cell wall‐associated defence responses, which were observed less frequently with the wild‐type strain. Interestingly, on non‐host onion epidermis classd1 mutants induced papilla formation faster and more abundantly than the wild type. Similarly, colonization of rice leaves by M. grisea was severely reduced after deletion of the orthologous MgSSD1 gene and attempted infection by the mutants was accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the host cell. These results suggest that appropriate assembly of the fungal cell wall as regulated by SSD1 allows these pathogens to establish infection by avoiding the induction of host defence responses.
YaeT‐independent multimerization and outer membrane association of secretin PulD
Authors: Collin Séverine , Guilvout Ingrid , Chami Mohamed , Pugsley Anthony P. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryPrevious studies demonstrated that targeting of the dodecameric secretin PulD to the Escherichia coli outer membrane is strictly dependent on the chaperone‐like pilotin PulS. Here, we report that PulD multimerization and membrane association in strains producing PulS were unaffected when the levels of the essential outer membrane assembly factor YaeT(Omp85) were reduced by controlled expression of a paraBAD–yaeT transcriptional fusion. This behaviour contrasted markedly to that of the trimeric porin LamB, which remained monomeric under these conditions. Furthermore, resistance to extraction by the detergent Sarkosyl and by urea, and susceptibility to trypsin digestion all suggested that PulD localized to the outer membrane in YaeT‐depleted cells. We conclude that, unlike classical β‐barrel outer membrane proteins such as LamB, multimerization of PulD is largely YaeT‐independent.
The critical role of the linear plasmid lp36 in the infectious cycle ofBorrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Jewett Mollie W. , Lawrence Kevin , Bestor Aaron C. , Tilly Kit , Grimm Dorothee , Shaw Pamela , VanRaden Mark , Gherardini Frank , Rosa Patricia A. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryBorrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease, follows a life cycle that involves passage between the tick vector and the mammalian host. To investigate the role of the 36 kb linear plasmid, lp36 (also designated theB. burgdorferiK plasmid), in the infectious cycle ofB. burgdorferi, we examined a clone lacking this plasmid, but containing all other plasmids known to be required for infectivity. Our results indicated that lp36 was not required for spirochete survival in the tick, but the clone lacking lp36 demonstrated low infectivity in the mammal. Restoration of lp36 to the mutant strain confirmed that the infectivity defect was due to loss of lp36. Moreover, spirochetes lacking lp36 exhibited a nearly 4‐log increase in ID50relative to the isogenic lp36+clone. The infectivity defect of lp36‐minus spirochetes was localized, in part, to loss of thebbk17(adeC) gene, which encodes an adenine deaminase. This work establishes a vital role for lp36 in the infectious cycle ofB. burgdorferiand identifies thebbk17gene as a component of this plasmid that contributes to mammalian infectivity.
Leishmanin Skin Testing in the Diagnosis of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Freeman Keith , Mello Winstonde 
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Two hundred thirty‐three British troops were tested before and 2 months after a 6‐month period in Belize. No erythematous indurated reactions developed on the initial tests; four subjects developed such reactions on the second test. Three of these subjects had skin ulcer at the time of the second test the fourth developed an ulcer 2 weeks later.Leishmania braziliensis sp were isolated from all of these ulcers. Two subjects who showed no reaction on either of their tests developed skin ulcers within 1 month of the second test. Leishmania braziliensis sp were isolated from these ulcers. The leishmanin test performed 2 months after return from an endemic area does not provide a satisfactory screening test for leishmaniasis. An indurated reaction correlates well with the presence of disease, but a negative reaction does not exclude this developing later.
Embedded Foreign Body Presenting as an Umbilicated Dermal Nodule
Authors: Wong Reynold C. 
Published: May 2007

A 71‐year‐old woman who lived alone was seen for a nodule on her right volar wrist. She was brought in by her son, who stated he had noted the lesion a week ago. The last time he had seen his mother was 4 months ago, and she did not have a lesion at that time. The patient did not remember how long the lesion had been present and stated that it was not associated with any symptoms. She repeatedly denied any history of trauma. Her medical records did show that she had a diagnosis of dementia, probably Alzheimer's disease, and suffered from memory loss, both short‐ and long‐term, fearfulness, poor judgment, inability to learn necessary skills, and difficulty in solving simple problems.On examination, the lesion was 5–6 mm in size and slightly hyperpigmented with a 5–6 mm border of erythema (Fig. 1). There was a central umbilication measuring about 0.5 mm. The overall configuration of the lesion was volcano‐shaped. There was no tenderness. There was no exudation on palpation, neither was there any palpable evidence of a foreign body. There was no epitrochlear or axillary lymphadenopathy.Since the diagnosis was uncertain, it was recommended that the lesion be totally excised. An elliptic excision was performed, and a small spicule representing a tooth of a comb was discovered (Fig. 2). The lesion was repaired, and the defect healed without any complications. Histologic examination of the excised specimen revealed a mildly acanthotic epidermis with a localized area of dermal inflammation and scarring that surrounded a nidus of keratinizing epithelium. The findings were consistent with an inflamed epidermoid cyst. Foreign material was not identified.
Squamous‐cell Carcinoma and Lobomycosis (Jorge Lobo's Disease)
Authors: Baruzzi Roberto G. , Rodrigues Douglas A. , Mighalany Nilgeo S. , Salomáto Reinaldo 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Among the Cayabi Indians in Central Brazil, we found a high and unexpected prevalence of lobomycosis, which represents 21% of all the cases reported in the world medical literature until now. Most of the Cayabi patients have been observed for many years, and recently two developed cauliflower‐like tumours in old lobomycosis scar lesions. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed histologically. In both cases, the tumor was surgically removed, but several months later tumors recurred in both patients. The appearance of squamous cell carcinoma in chronic scar lesions and ulcers of various etiologies has been reported by many authors, and should include lobomycosis.
T Lymphocyte Subsets in Leprosy
Authors: Ashamalla L. , Yang S. J. , Michel M. , Rafla Leila 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPhenotypic analysis was done on 24 Egyptian leprosy patients and 11 healthy controls. The type of leprosy, duration of disease at the time of testing, and age were found to affect T cell subset distribution. As compared with controls, neural leprosy tended to have a decreased total T cell percentage, borderline leprosy an increased T suppressor cell percentage, and reactional borderline leprosy an increased T helper/suppressor ratio. Patients with the disease for less than 1 year had a higher mean percentage of T suppressor cells and a lower mean T helper/suppressor ratio than patients with leprosy for more than 1 year. The same was true in older (50–70 years old) versus younger (12–41 years old) patients.
Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome in Four Siblings Treated with Etretinate A Nine‐Year Evaluation
Authors: Kellum Robert E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Four siblings with Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (3 boys and 1 girl), aged 8 to 12 at time of first diagnosis in 1978 are reported. These four patients represent the second largest sibship reported in the literature, and the only familial cases treated with etretinate for 6 years with an additional 3 1/2 year follow‐up evaluation. No long‐term side effects of etretinate were found in the children. All four patients are the product of a second cousin marriage; all demonstrate the B5 locus on HLA typing.
PUVA Treatment Inhibits Nonimmunologic Immediate Contact Reactions to Benzoic Acid and Methyl Nicotinate
Authors: Larmi Eva 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:The effect of trioxsalen bath PUVA therapy on nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions (NIICRs) induced by benzoic acid (BA) and methyl nicotinate (MN) was studied in 12 dermatologic patients. One half of the back skin was covered with a cloth before each of ten irradiations on subsequent days. Four concentrations of each test substance were applied to the PUVA‐exposed and nonexposed areas before any irradiation and after the 1st, 5th, and 10th PUVA treatment. Erythema and edema reactions were observed visually 40 minutes after BA and MN application, and changes in the skin blood How were monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). PUVA therapy suppressed the NIICRs in all concentrations of BA and MN on the PUVA‐exposed area and occasionally on the nonexposed test sites. The suppressive effect was intesified during therapy.
Cutaneous Infections in Trinidad
Authors: Suite Marilyn 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Skin infection is common in patients with any skin diseases where pruritus is a prominent feature. A retrospective analysis was performed on the results of skin swab cultures from patients with eczema and a variety of other conditions. This paper presents the findings of bacteriologic culture and sensitivity testing of 131 swabs from 122 patients over a period of 22 months and examines the results in terms of the reported relationship between scabies and acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Staphylococcus aureus was most often isolated, and this appears to indicate that antistaphylococcal antibiotics should be the first line of treatment in the absence of the results of cultures.
Cryptococcal Cellulitis in Congenital Lymphedema
Authors: Krywonis Nancy , Kaye Valda N. , Lynch Peter J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:A 27‐year‐old woman with intestinal lymphangiectasia and congenital lymphedema developed cryptococ‐cal cellulitis as a result of her underlying depressed cell‐mediated immune responsiveness. Prompt therapy with amphotericin B and 5‐fluorocytosine resulted in an excellent outcome. The authors believe that the increasing population of patients with depression of cellmediated immune response will lead to an increase in the frequency with which cryptococcal cellulitis is seen and emphasize that proper evaluation of a patient with presumptive cellulitis includes consideration of fungal, as well as bacterial, etiology.
The Biological Effects of a Pulsed Electrostatic Field with Specific Reference to Hair Electrotrichogenesis
Authors: Maddin W. Stuart , Bell Peter W. , James John H. M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:This comparative, controlled study demonstrates the positive biologic effect on hair regrowth of a pulsed electrical field administered according to a regularized treatment schedule over 36 weeks. Mean hair count comparisons within the groups significantly favor the treatment group, which exhibited a 66.7 % hair count increase over baseline. The control group increase over baseline was 25.6%. It is notable also that 29 of the 30 treatment subjects (96.7%) exhibited regrowth or no further hair loss. The process is without side effects and untoward reactions. The rationale of this phenomenon is unclear but is considered to be due to an electrophysiologic effect on the quiescent hair follicle, similar to that documented with respect to bone fracture and soft tissue repair enhancement. The electrical pulse may cause increased cell mitosis through calcium influx, involving both the hair follicle sheath and dermal papilla cells.
Book Reviews
Authors: Beerman Herman 
Published: May 2007

Book reviewed in this article: Manuel Pratique De Greffe Des Cheveux. Jean Arouete Atlas of Cutaneous Facial Flaps & Grafts. Ronald L. Moy Recent Advances in Dermatology, VoL 8. R. H. Champion, R. J. Pye. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Tomasz F. Mroczkowski. Hair and Hair Diseases. C. E. Orfanos and R. Happle.
Multiple Dermatofibromas in Patients with Autoimmune Disorders Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Cohen Philip R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Multiple dermatofibromas have been previously reported in ten patients with autoimmune disorders; in six of these, the lesions initially appeared several months after commencing treatment with immunosuppressive medications. Two additional patients with autoimmune disorders receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy who subsequently developed multiple dermatofibromas are described: a 69‐year‐old man with a 24‐year history of pemphigus vulgaris (23 lesions on his legs) and a 22‐year‐old woman with a 2‐year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (four lesions on her legs and trunk). The association of multiple dermatofibromas in individuals with an altered immune system may provide insight into the pathogenesis of this cutaneous condition.
Red Sea Coral Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Addy Jonathan H. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Six of nine adults who developed Red Sea coral contact dermatitis had seafood allergies. Contact with the “fire” coral was followed by a series of skin eruptions starting with an immediate pruritic urticaria‐like lesion which forced the victims out of the water. Within minutes the affected area became erythematous and edematous with eventual blister formation approximately 6 hours after the initial contact. The blisters resolved, leaving violaceous papules and plaques in a streaky fashion corresponding to where the coral brushed the skin. The lesions became shiny and lichenoid in 3 weeks while pruritus persisted. Treatment with topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines reduced the severity of the disease but did not stop its evolution to the lichenoid stage. Complete resolution usually occurred after 15 weeks, leaving residual hyperpigmented macules.
The Treatment of Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis with lnjectable Collagen
Authors: Greenbaum Steven S. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (CNCH) consists of a painful, erythematous, often crusted, papule most commonly found on the helical rim of the ear of white men over the age of 40 years old (Fig. 1). It is seen less commonly in women and younger individuals, where the anatomic locations may vary to include the antihelix, antitragus, and other areas on the external ear. Over the years there have been many treatments for this disorder. We present the use of injectable collagen implants as a conservative, effective, and practical method for treatment of this disorder.
ENALAPRIL: A POWERFUL IN VITRO NON‐THIOL ACANTHOLYTIC AGENT
Authors: DE ANGELIS ERNEST , LOMBARDI MARIA LUISA , GRASSI MICHELE , RUOCCO VINCENZO 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDrugs containing sulfhydryl groups (thiol drugs) (e.g., penicillamine, captopril, thiopronine) can induce pemphigus in vivo and provoke acantholysis in vitro. Enalapril, like captopril, is an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor largely used as an antihypertensive drug; it has recently been reported to induce pemphigus, though it is not a thiol drug. In this study we investigated the possible in vitro acantholytic effect of enalapril on normal human skin from donors. The drug induced severe acantholytic changes of keratinocytes and complete suprabasal splitting at one tenth the concentration required by thiol drugs in similar experiments, even after a shorter period of culture. All skin samples from different donors was highly susceptible to the acantholytic effect of enalapril. In our experience, enalapril is the most powerful acantholytic drug in vitro.