bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating factors affecting ERP selection in made‐to‐order SME sector
Authors: Deep Aman , Guttridge Peter , Dani Samir , Burns Neil 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the findings of research carried out as part of an industrial project for selection of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a made‐to‐order (MTO) small‐to‐medium enterprise (SME) scenario. It develops a framework or methodology for selection. It also highlights the areas pertaining to the unique needs of, first, the SME sector and, second, the MTO sector, to be considered while selecting a solution. A work book is developed to provide a structured ERP software selection process for SMEs using a comprehensive literature review plus practical experience. This research is potentially aimed at being useful to other SMEs as a guide for a structured selection process.Design/methodology/approachA combination of comprehensive literature review and experience of managing the selection process for an ERP system in an SME was employed for the study.FindingsOver the past few years, the number of large companies buying new ERP systems has reached saturation point. This has led to the ERP developers seeking instead other potential markets among SMEs. The MTO scenario within the SME sector is one which is very capricious in terms of demand forecasting, lead times, routings, etc. When selecting a system, an organisation in such a segment needs a tailored methodology and a list of key target areas to consider.Practical implicationsThe paper represents a very useful source of practical information for the SME sector to consider when selecting an ERP system.Originality/valueThe paper provides valuable insight into the details of ERP selection, focusing on the peculiarities of the SME MTO sector.
Helping successful leaders get even better
Authors: Goldsmith Marshall 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the steps used to help any successful person change their interpersonal behavior at work and at home.Design/methodology/approachProvides a review of “before‐and‐after” studies with tens of thousands of coaching participants from large corporations, each in a different sector with very different competitive pressures.FindingsThere are four key beliefs that tend to differentiate more successful people from their peers, and some specific coaching approaches that are more effective in working with this population.Research limitations/implicationsWhile much more research needs to be done on this topic, there is a clear body of knowledge that can help make the best performers even better.Practical implicationsIf successful people see the connection between their behavior change goals and their personal goals, they will be much more likely to change. Have the successful person receive input on one to two important, self‐selected behaviors as perceived by important, self‐selected raters. Then have the person involve these respected colleagues in the behavior change process. Finally, teach the successful person's colleagues to be helpful coaches, not cynics, critics or judges.Originality/valueMost research on behavioral change has focused on dysfunctional behavior. In this paper, the author presents knowledge on the unique challenges involved in helping successful people, rather than focusing on dysfunctional people.
RENAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA: FAILURE TO DEMONSTRATE A HUMORAL CONTROL FACTOR
Authors: Johnson Horton A. , Roman Jose M. Vera 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAn attempt was made to demonstrate a humoral factor controlling renal hyperplasia following unilateral nephrectomy. Rapid mixing of blood between parabiotic rats was obtained through carotid artery‐jugular vein cross cannulation. These experiments showed no evidence for the passage from a nephrectomized rat to an intact rat of a humoral agent controlling compensatory growth of the kidney.
A STUDY OF INEFFECTIVE ERYTHROPOIESIS IN SIDEROBLASTIC ANAEMIA AND ERYTHRAEMIC MYELOSIS
Authors: Wickramasinghe S. N. , Chalmers D. G. , Cooper E. H. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTErythropoiesis has been studied in three patients with sideroblastic anaemia and one case of erythraemic myelosis. The marrows showed erythroid hyperplasia, plasma iron turnover was high, red cell iron utilization low, and retention of 59Fe prolonged in the marrow. A combined quantitative cytochemical and autoradiographic analysis showed an accumulation of early polychromatic cells in G2 and the presence of several cells which were apparently arrested after a period in DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis was rarely seen in cells with pronounced siderotic deposits. These results indicate the presence of ineffective erythropoiesis with a disturbance in the progress of early polychromatic cells through interphase, probably leading to intra‐marrow cell death. In erythraemic myelosis there was also a reduced red cell production due to faults of cell division; the nature and consequence of the bizarre forms of cell replication are discussed.
THE NUMBER AND POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS OF DNA‐SYNTHESIZING CELLS IN HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Killmann Sven‐Aage 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe number of DNA‐synthesizing cells in the blood of patients with various disorders was studied autoradiographically after incubation of blood in vitro with [3H]thymidine. The DNA‐synthesizing cells were cytologically assigned to the following categories: erythroid, myeloid, lymphoplasmacytoid and unidentifiable (monocytoid or blast‐like) cells.The following patient categories were studied: mitral valvular disease (samples obtained from peripheral vein, pulmonary artery and left auricle), ‘autoimmune diseases’(systemic lupus erythematosus, schleroderma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, immunohaemolytic anaemia), patients with depressed haemopoiesis (aplastic anaemia, nitrogen‐mustard induced bone‐marrow hypoplasia) and with increased haemopoiesis (haemolytic anaemia, pernicious anaemia before and during initial vitamin‐B12 therapy, red‐cell mass regeneration after haemorrhage or iron deficiency) and patients with bacterial infection.In all conditions studied, the number of labelled monocytoid and blast‐like cells varied between 0 and 4/μl. Similarly, the number of labelled lympho‐plasmo‐cytoid cells was consistently low (0–8/μl) in all cases studied except two, where values of 37 and 63/μl were found. Both these patients had severe bacterial infections.The function(s) and potential(s) of these cells are discussed. The fate of the blast‐like and monocytoid cells remains obscure. The lympho‐plasmocytoid cells probably serve an immunological function, perhaps by disseminating immune responses. Whether or not some DNA‐synthesizing cells in the blood are haemopoietic stem cells cannot be decided from the available evidence.
EFFECTS OF INCREASED PARTIAL PRESSURES OF OXYGEN, NITROGEN AND HELIUM ON CELLS IN CULTURE
Authors: Stephenson N. G. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of gas‐phase oxygen, nitrogen and helium at superatmospheric as well as at atmospheric partial pressures have been studied, using both normal and malignant cells.The ability of certain types of cells in monolayer cultures to proliferate when exposed to high or low oxygen tensions, and to recover when cultured further under more optimal conditions, has been assessed.The presence of an inert gas at high partial pressure permits survival of various types of cells in culture at much higher oxygen tensions than would otherwise be possible. A tentative explanation for this phenomenon is provided and its significance discussed.
SOME MORPHOLOGIC AND KINETIC STUDIES OF THE DEVELOPING ERYTHROID CELLS OF THE COMMON GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS
Authors: Iorio Robert J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTDeveloping erythroid cells of the goldfish Carassius auratus were obtained from kidney prints and from smears of the peripheral blood. All preparations were stained with the May‐Grunwald Giemsa technique. Developing cells were divided into six different stages. The criteria used to stage the cells were degree of chromatin condensation, degree of basophilia, nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, and cell shape. The morphology of the maturation sequence for erythroid cells in this organism was similar to that found by other workers in other non‐mammalian vertebrates.Fish received intraperitoneal injections of tritiated thymidine, tritiated uridine or tritiated leucine so that the stages involved in DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis could be determined by means of autoradiography. For the tritiated thymidine studies the per cent labeled cells per stage from four different series receiving 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 μCi/g body weight were pooled, since subjecting the average per cent labeled cells per stage at the lowest and at the highest dosages to Student's t‐test showed no significant differences. In all four series the fish were killed 2 hr, 12 hr and daily, 1–8 days post‐injection. The 3H‐TdR studies showed that stages I‐IV were engaged in DNA synthesis; they also showed that about 5 days were required for the stage V cell to become a mature erythrocyte (stage VI cell).Tritiated uridine was injected at a dosage of 5.0 μCi/g body weight and animals were killed 1/2, 1, 3 and 6 hr post‐injection. Grain counts showed that stages I‐IV are engaged in RNA synthesis and that the rate of this synthesis decreased as maturation proceeded.Tritiated leucine was administered at a dosage of 5.0 μCi/g body weight, and fish were killed 45 min and 3 hr post‐injection. Grain counts indicate that stages I‐V are engaged in the synthesis of protein (assumed to be globin). The fact that DNA and RNA synthesis ceased with stage IV cells while protein synthesis continued into stage V cells indicated that the mechanism responsible for protein synthesis in stage V cells was produced at an earlier stage and was self‐sustained for about 5 days.
MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS IN MICE
Authors: Jr T. T. Odell , Jr E. A. Burch , Jackson C. W. , Friday T. J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTMegakaryocytopoiesis was investigated in young RFM/Unf mice by determining in autoradiograms of marrow smears the labeling index (percentage of cells labeled) of morphologic stages of megakaryocytes at intervals after a single injection of tritiated thymidine. The total maturation time of recognizable megakaryocytes is estimated to be 50–57 hr. The average times spent in the Type I (immature) and Type II (mature) compartments are, respectively, 15 and 42 hr, but we believe that there is a wide variation in these periods among individual megakaryocytes. The frequencies of megakaryocytes of Types I, II and III are 10, 86 and 4%, respectively.
THE REACTIVITY OF HUMAN SMALL LYMPHOCYTES IN CULTURE: THE EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATION AND DURATION OF EXPOSURE TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Simons M. J. , Fowler R. , Fitzgerald Margaret G. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) of column purified human small lymphocytes in culture has been quantitated by tritiated thymidine uptake into newly synthesized DNA. Using this system the dependence of lymphocyte response on PHA concentration, purity of PHA and duration of exposure was demonstrated in detail. Stimulation of lymphocytes was found to occur within 10 min of the addition of PHA. Maximal responsiveness occurred with exposure to PHA for 10 hr, while further exposure resulted in a sub‐maximal response.
GROWING BONES ON THE COMPUTER—SOME PITFALLS OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON BONE GROWTH
Authors: Kember N. F. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe linear arrangement of the proliferating cells in the growth cartilage of bone provides an apparently simple system for studying the relationship of cell kinetics to a gross endpoint, i.e. bone growth. The system has been reduced to a simple computer model which follows the effects of radiation on the growth of fifty or one hundred individual cartilage columns.When the computed data were compared with experimental curves some factors were discovered that had been omitted from the original model. A revised model proved of limited value in sorting out the relative importance of competing kinetic parameters but indicated some directions for future experimental studies.
DISTRIBUTION AND MULTIPLICATION OF COLONY FORMING UNITS FROM BONE MARROW AND SPLEEN AFTER INJECTION IN IRRADIATED MICE
Authors: Lahiri S. K. , Van Putten L. M. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe distribution and proliferation of CFUs from bone marrow and spleen cell suspensions were followed after injection in lethally irradiated isogeneic mice. It was found that a larger proportion of the injected bone marrow CFUs than of the spleen derived CFUs could be recovered from the recipient's spleen and femur. This consistently higher recovery points to the conclusion that a larger fraction of bone marrow‐derived CFUs than of spleen‐derived CFUs is capable of producing daughter CFUs, most likely due to a commitment to early differentiation of many spleen CFUs.
IN VIVO ORGAN RECONSTRUCTION FROM CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO
Authors: Wada Akira , Pollak O. J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTDispersed primary tissue culture cells from adrenal, aorta, heart and cornea of adult rabbits were placed into diffusion chambers. The chambers were implanted into serologically compatible litter mates.Chimaeric aggregates resembling embryonal organs formed in the chambers within 3 weeks. The ‘adrenal’had two to three cortical zones to both sides of a medulla. The ‘aorta’had a central fibromuscular layer and a surface layer of endothelial cells. The ‘heart’consisted of a muscular layer coated with endothelial cells; the aggregate assumed a chamber‐like shape. The ‘cornea’had a loose matrix covered on the convexity by epithelial cells.Upon transfer of the aggregates from in vivo to in vitro culture, cells dispersed within 1 week and propagated as a mixed population.Analysis of the phenomenon has been attempted and the course of future studies suggested. The study contributes to the discussion of cell automatism.
IN VITRO INCORPORATION OF 3H‐THYMIDINE, 3H‐URIDINE, 3H‐LEUCINE AND 3H‐MELPHALAN BY PLASMACYTOMA PLASMA CELLS
Authors: Ponti G. B. , Eridani S. , Astaldi G. , Giangrande A. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTBone marrow plasma cells from fifteen cases of multiple myeloma, immunologically typed, were incubated with different tritiated compounds.The labelling index with tritiated thymidine is generally low, while the mean grain count is fairly normal in the active cells. The labelling index of 3H‐uridine and 3H‐leucine was very high, while the mean grain count per cell lies within the normal range.The results obtained with 3H‐phenylalanine‐mustard (melphalan), which is a drug used in the treatment of the plasmacytoma, show also incorporation values roughly comparable to those of 3H‐leucine.The present data seem to support the clinical use of melphalan as a compound that is actively incorporated into the plasma cells of plasmacytoma although inhibition of protein synthesis due to specific binding to protein was not demonstrated.
A METHOD FOR QUANTITATION OF PROLIFERATIVE INTESTINAL MUCOSAL CELLS ON A WEIGHT BASIS: SOME VALUES FOR C57BL/6
Authors: Hagemann Ronald F. , Sigdestad Curtis P. , Lesher S. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTA method for determining the number of intestinal mucosal crypts, S cells, and total proliferative cells, on a weight basis has been presented. The number of crypts was obtained (following injection of tritiated thymidine) by dividing the disintegrations per minute (dpm) per mg intestine by the dpm per crypt. Multiplication of the number of crypts per mg by the number of labeled cells per crypt (determined radioautographically) resulted in the number of S cells per mg intestine. Division of the number of S cells per mg by the fraction of proliferative cells in S (obtained by cell cycle analysis) resulted in the number of proliferative cells per mg intestine.Values for duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of male C57BL/6 mice are given.
AREA RELATIONS BETWEEN LABELING INDEX CURVES FROM MULTICOMPARTMENT CELL KINETICS MODELS.
Authors: Buchal R. N. , Phillips D. L. , Trucco E. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe study of the multicompartment models in cell kinetics can be simplified by the use of a conservation law relating the integrals, with respect to time, of labeling index in various compartments. We present a proof of the conservation law directed to the nonmathematician, as well as four applications from biology. The first demonstrates a contradiction, which biologists have yet to resolve, between a certain biological model and experimental results. The second and third are simpler proofs of results already proven by other techniques in the literature. The fourth is a result which appears to be new.
THE KINETICS OF CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL EPITHELIA OF RATS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Authors: Wells A. B. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTLabelling indices of the tracheobronchial epithelia of conventionally‐derived rats with chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and minimal‐disease rats without CRD have been determined. The duration of the DNA synthesis phase (ts) computed from the percentage of mitoses labelled at various intervals of time after injection of tritiated thymidine was 7 hr: tG2 was 3.5 hr. Using the measured value of ts and the labelling indices, the mean turnover times of the tracheobronchial epithelia in three groups of six 5‐week‐old conventionally‐derived rats were calculated to be 11.2, 14.6 and 22.4 days, while in similar groups of 5‐week‐old minimal‐disease rats the turnover times were found to be 24.3, 36.5 and 41.6 days. The majority of cell divisions in the tracheobronchial epithelium of these minimal disease rats were probably required for growth rather than renewal. The mean turnover time of this tissue in 5‐week‐old Syrian hamsters was 73 days.The cells of the rat tracheobronchial epithelium have been classed as basal or superficial, depending on their shape and proximity to the basement membrane. The mean turnover time of the basal cells in 5‐week‐old minimal‐disease rats was 11.7 days calculated from labelling indices. The migration method of Brown & Oliver (1968) gave a similar value for the basal cells in minimal‐disease rats, and a value of 9.5 days for the basal cells in a group of conventionally‐derived rats. The mean turnover time in the latter was only 5.4 days if two rats with tracheobronchitis were included. Consideration of the slow rate of fall in mean grain count over labelled cells at intervals of time after labelling and the calculated turnover times suggests that the proliferative fraction of the basal cell population is close to unity. Well‐labelled cells were still present in both basal and superficial populations in the minimal‐disease rats at 10 days after labelling.The marked effects of CRD on cell proliferation in this epithelium are emphasized and the significance of this in relation to published work is discussed.
CELL CLASSIFICATION AND KINETIC ASPECTS OF NORMOBLASTIC AND MEGALOBLASTIC ERYTHROPOIESIS
Authors: Killmann Sven‐Aage 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTMitotic indices and 3H‐thymidine flash labelling indices have been determined in a total of 6000 erythroid cells from patients with megaloblastic anaemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) and 4000 erythroid cells from patients with increased, normoblastic erythropoiesis. In the anaemic states there is a lack of mitoses in the more mature erythroid compartments relative to the number of mitoses in the early erythroid precursors; this must reflect skipped division and/or cell death in the later precursors. In order to further locate the deficit of mitoses, erythropoietic cells were subdivided in a way which aimed at stratifying them according to cell generations. It appears that there are four consecutive generations of recognizable proliferating red cell precursors. Balance considerations of mitotic figures suggest that in stressed normopoiesis all cells which enter generation III divide, whereas only about one‐half of cells leaving generation III divide again in generation IV. In megaloblastic erythropoiesis it appears that only about one of three cells which leave generation III divide in generation IV. The data suggest that in megaloblastic anaemia, skipped division and/or cell death to a large extent take place in generation IV or at the transition from III to IV.In normoblastic erythropoiesis, the ratio labelled cells/mitotic cells is rather independent of cell maturation. In contrast, this ratio varies considerably in megaloblastic erythropoiesis, from 25:1 in early forms to 4‐5:1 in late forms. As an explanation of the lack of mitoses, relative to cells in DNA‐synthesis, in the early stages and the relative surplus of mitoses in the late stages it is proposed that cell cycle and cytological boundaries do not coincide in all cells. The present observations can be accounted for if a significant fraction of cells change their morphology (from basophilia to polychromasia) between their DNA‐synthesis phase and the subsequent mitosis. It cannot be decided whether in addition there is a death function between DNA‐synthesis and mitosis in the large basophilic megaloblasts, megaloblastic system could absorb a direct entry from the large basophilic cells amounting to perhaps about one‐half of the flux through the S‐pool of the large basophilic cells without being more dominated by very large cells than is actually the case; still, in large measure this will depend on the time from entry into the polychromatic pool until the subsequent mitosis or possible cell death. The alternative is a significant death function between S‐phase and mitosis at the level of the large basophilic E1‐E2 cells (generation I + II).
HYPODIPLOID METAPHASE FIGURES IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE CULTURES TREATED WITH COLCEMID
Authors: Fitzgerald P. H. , Brehaut Loreen A. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTA small proportion of dividing human lymphocytes exposed to colcemid continued cytokinesis in spite of partial or complete destruction of the mitotic spindle which made normal chromosome distribution impossible. At low concentrations of colcemid the cells divided into two, three, or more parts about chromosome aggregates, to form separate, apparently intact units, often with very low chromosome numbers. Greater concentrations of colcemid caused a more even dispersal of the chromosomes, and the cells tended to divide into two parts, between which the chromosomes were more or less equally distributed on a random basis.This abnormal nuclear division is viewed in relation to the many known effects of colchicine and colcemid on mitosis and other stages of the cell proliferation cycle.
CHALONE CONTROL OF MITOTIC ACTIVITY IN SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Authors: Bullough W. S. , Laurence Edna B. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTExtracts of skin with sebaceous glands contain a substance which inhibits mitotic activity in sebaceous glands both in vivo and in vitro. This substance is neither the epidermal chalone nor the melanocyte chalone, both of which are also present in skin extracts. However, it resembles these other chalones in that it is water soluble, is precipitated by ethanol, is activated by the two stress hormones adrenalin and hydrocortisone, and is not species specific. It is present within the sebaceous glands, and it is evidently a sebaceous gland chalone.