bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of right ventricular ejection fraction in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Piepsz A. , Ham H. R. , Millet E. , Dab I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) determined by means of Krypton‐81 m represents a simple, noninvasive, and accurate procedure to quantify the right ventricular contractility. This procedure was applied to 25 young patients with cystic fibrosis. The RVEF tended to decrease with the progression of the lung disease, as assessed by the clinical S‐K score, the degree of the defects on lung scintigraphy, the Pa, and the lung function tests. However, the decrease of RVEF in patients with marked lung involvement was moderate, and terminal lung disease was sometimes associated with normal right heart contractility. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3; 24–28.
Lung function in infancy and childhood following neonatal intensive care
Authors: Arad I. , Bar‐Yishay E. , Eyal F. , Gross S. , Godfrey S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPulmonary function studies were performed in 11 neonatal intensive care survivors both during infancy and later in childhood. Lung function was compared with the respiratory support given in the neonatal period. The mean ± SE thoracic gas volume was 96 ± 4% predicted in infancy and rose to 122 ± 8% predicted during childhood (P < 0.005). The specific airway conductance (SGaw) in infancy was 57 ± 7% predicted and rose to 90 ± 8% predicted in childhood (P < 0.0025). Abnormalities in SGaw were found only in ventilated infants, and there was a negative logarithmic correlation between the treatment score in the neonatal period and the SGaw in both infancy and childhood. The data indicate a long‐term improvement in airway conductance of moderately affected infants with the development of mild hyperinflation in childhood possibly resulting from residual small airway abnormalities despite a symptomless clinical course. The residual abnormalities in prematurely born infants were in proportion to the intensity of treatment required in the neonatal period. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3; 29–33.
Vasodilatory effect of aerosol histamine during pulmonary vasoconstriction in unanesthetized sheep
Authors: Stecenko Arlene A. , Lefferts Peter L. , Mitchell John A. , Snapper James R. , Brigham Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of aerosol histamine on pulmonary vascular resistance during pulmonary vasoconstriction were studied in 12 unanesthetized sheep. Sheep were chronically instrumented with Silastic catheters in the pulmonary artery and left atrium, thermodilution Swan‐Ganz catheter in the main pulmonary artery for measurement of cardiac output, and tracheostomy for delivery of hypoxic gas and/or aerosol histamine. Seven minutes of isocapnic hypoxia (FlO2 = 0.12) caused pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) to increase from 17.2 ± 0.4 to 27.0 ± 1.0 cm H2O (X¯ ± SEM, P < 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to increase from 3.94 ± 0.33 to 4.71 ± 0.38 cm H2O · L−1. min (P < 0.05). When sheep breathed a combination of aerosol histamine (5 mg/ml) and 12% O2, PPA rose only to 21.3 ± 1.11 cm H2O and PVR decreased to 3.51 ± 0.31 cm H2O · L−1. min. This was a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller response compared to hypoxia alone. Aerosol histamine alone had no significant effect on PPA or PVR. Meclofenamate did not restore the histamine‐induced loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction. Aerosol histamine significantly blunted the pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by intravenous serotonin (8 μg/kg/min) and intravenous prostaglandin H2‐analog (0.74 μg/kg/min). It was concluded that in the awake sheep aerosol histamine acted as a pulmonary vasodilator only in the presence of pulmonary vasoconstriction. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3:94–100.
Circulating 5‐hydroxytryptamine concentrations in preterm newborns
Authors: Schumacher R. E. , Farrell P. M. , Olson E. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlterations in circulating 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) concentrations play a role in the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in adults. We undertook a study to develop a micromethod and measure circulating free 5‐HT concentrations in preterm newborns with and without respiratory distress. Forty‐six samples of platelet‐poor plasma were obtained from 29 preterm newborns with varying degrees of respiratory distress. Samples were taken on days 2–3 and 6–7 of life. For measuring 5‐HT concentrations we used a precolumn sample enhancement technique followed by ion exchange HPLC with electrochemical detection. The assay allowed detection of extremely small (50 pg) amounts of 5‐HT from small (0.2 ml) amounts of blood. The mean 5‐HT concentration on days 2–3 was 1.77 ± 0.74 ng/ml (mean ± 95% confidence limits) and on days 6–7 was 0.69 ± 0 23 ng/ml. This represented a significant fall in 5‐HT concentrations (P = 0.01). All of 16 paired serial samples fell with time (P = 0.006). We conclude that platelet‐poor plasma 5‐HT concentrations in premature newborns are low, that there is a significant decline in these values over the first week of life, and that, in contrast with adults, the presence of respiratory failure is not associated with increased free 5‐HT concentrations. The low 5‐HT concentrations seen in newborns may reflect the ability to increase pulmonary uptake. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3:117–122.
Physical exercise program for children with bronchial asthma
Authors: Szentágothai Klára , Gyene István , Szócska Miklós , Osváth Pál 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA long‐term physical exercise program was established for a large number of children with bronchial asthma. Asthmatic children were first taught to swim on their backs to prevent breathing problems customary for beginners using other strokes. They concurrently participated in gymnasium exercises, and the program was later completed with outdoor running. Program effectiveness was evaluated by monitoring asthmatic symptoms, changes in medication, and changes in the activity and physical fitness of the children. Data collected from 121 children showed that during the first year in the program the number of days with asthmatic symptoms decreased in a large majority of the patients while medication was decreased. School absenteeism and hospitalization dropped markedly. Parental evaluation of the children indicated much improvement in 51·2%, improvement in 40.5%, unchanged condition in 7.4%, and deterioration of general health was only reported in one child (0.8%). The same extent of improvement continued during the second year. The Cooper test was applied for the first time to such an exercise program and indicated that the participating asthmatic children performed as well as a control group of nonasthmatic children, and the cardiovascular efficiency of the asthmatics was actually better.
Cold air challenge in children with asthma
Authors: Reisman J. , Mappa L. , de Benedictis F. , McLaughlin J. , Levison H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a cold air bronchial provocation test. A total of 18 children with asthma (mean age 12 years) and 18 normal children (mean age 14 years) were studied. The cold air challenge consisted of a 4 min period of isocapnic hyperventilation of subfreezing air (mean temperature − 15°C). In‐Induced response in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) expressed as a percentage of predicted normal values was obtained at 4, 6, and 8 min post‐challenge. The average response to the cold air was a 27% decrease of FEV1 in asthmatics, which was significantly different from that of the normal children, who showed no statistically significant drop. In both the asthmatic and normal groups, the maximal drop in FEV1 had occurred by the time measurements 4 min post‐challenge had been made. At that time, the smallest overlap was observed between normal and asthmatic children. This suggests that the fourth minute postchallenge can be chosen as a cut‐off time to distinguish normal from asthmatic children. Considering a decrease of FEV1 greater than 10% as a positive test, the sensitivity of the cold air challenge was 95% and the specificity was 89%.
Normal values of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures with a portable apparatus in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Szeinberg Amir , Marcotte Jacque E. , Roizin Hector , Mindorff Catherine , England Sandra , Tabachnik Elvan , Levison Henry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMaximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (Plmax and PEmax) were measured over a wide age range using a cylindrical mouthpiece and a multiple trial procedure. Two hundred forty‐three students and 30 adults were studied. In addition, a comparison of a cylindrical and a scuba‐type mouthpiece was made in 16 subjects. Fifty percent of the subjects required five or more trials to achieve their maximal mouth pressures. Higher PEmax values were obtained using a cylindrical mouthpiece than with a scuba‐type mouthpiece in 15 of the 16 subjects tested. Plmax was not affected by mouthpiece type. Males had higher Plmax and PEmax values than females except in the 8–10 years age group. Maximal mouth pressures correlated with age in boys only. Technical considerations, such as the number of trials and the type of mouthpiece used, are important determinants of maximal mouth pressure values.
Infected thymic cyst: An unusual cause of respiratory distress in a child
Authors: Youngson George G. , Ein Sigmund H. , Geddie William R. , Cutz Ernest 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 15‐month‐old male developed acute respiratory distress following a prolonged upper respiratory tract infection. Laboratory and radiological investigations suggested tracheal compression by a malignant anterior mediastinal mass. Following a short course of steroid therapy, urgent exploration of the mediastinum and resection of the mass was carried out; resolution of the airway obstruction was obtained. Histotogical and bacteriological examination of the lesion revealed it to be a thymic cyst infected by Haemophilus Influenzae with abscess formation. The causes of tracheal compression in childhood are discussed.
Bronchoscopic evaluation of airway obstruction in campomelic dysplasia
Authors: Grad Roni , Sammut Paul H. , Britton John R. , Goodrich Paul , Hoyme H. Eugene , Dambro Nancy N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCampomelic dysplasia is a generalized disorder of cartilaginous growth and development, leading to early death from pulmonary insufficiency. We describe the airway dynamics as observed bronchoscopically in two affected infants. Both infants demonstrated anatomic compromise of the upper airway and diffuse laryngotracheobronchomalacia. Additionally, both had a characteristically small, bell‐shaped thoracic cage. The abnormal airway dynamics produced serious inspiratory and expiratory obstruction in these infants and, in combination with the restrictive chest wall defect, led rapidly to the development of respiratory failure. While palliative procedures such as tracheostomy may temporarily improve airway dynamics, future respiratory tract insults may prove fatal. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3:364–367.
Measurement of respiratory mechanics using the siemens servo ventilator 900C
Authors: Sly Peter D. , Bates Jason H. T. , Milic‐Emili J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe interrupter technique involves measuring the pressure changes at the airway opening during sudden cessation of flow and has been advocated for monitoring respiratory mechanics in artificially ventilated patients. The Siemens Servo Ventilator 900C has the ability to make airway occlusions without interrupting the patient's respiratory support. This study was performed to determine the suitability of the end‐inspiratory occlusion facility of the ventilator for interrupter measurements of respiratory resistance and compliance. Measurements were made in a physical model of the respiratory system consisting of two parallel compartments, whose individual resistances and elastances were independently determined. The accuracy of the resistance measurements made using the ventilator were found to be dependent on the inspiratory flow. With an inspiratory flow of 100 ml/s, the resistance of the system could be measured to within 18% of the true value, and the static compliance could be measured to within 26% of the true value. Much of the error in these determinations was due to the finite closure time of the valve in the ventilator, and to the compliance of the gas in the tubing connecting the ventilator with the model. We conclude that the Siemens Servo Ventilator 900C can be used to conveniently obtain estimates of resistance and compliance in ventilated patients.
Changes in lung tissue fibronectin content and synthesis during postnatal lung growth
Authors: Plumb Deborah J. , Dubaybo Basim A. , Thet Lyn A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied changes in lung tissue fibronectin content and synthesis during postnatal lung growth in rats. We reasoned that fibronectin, which is important in cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion, and in the organization of the extracellular matrix, might play a role in the rapid cell proliferation and alveolar septal formation that occurs postnally in mammalian lungs. Newborn rats were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11, 14, and 21 days after birth. The lungs were perfused and lavaged, tissue fibronectin was extracted using urea and heparin (Bray et al, Science 1981; 214:793) and the extracted fibronectin was measured by enzymelinked immunoassay. Tissue fibronectin synthesis was measured by the in vivo incorporation of 35S‐methionine into fibronectin that was extracted from lung tissue and immunoprecipitated. Lavage fibronectin and albumin content and lung tissue collagen (hydroxyproline) content were also determined. Lung tissue fibronectin content per g dry lung almost doubled between days 4 and 7 after birth, was slightly higher at day 14 than at day 7, and decreased sharply between days 14 and 21. Lung tissue fibronectin synthesis per g dry lung increased steadily between days 4 and 14 to reach a peak value of about 2.5 times the 4‐day value; it then decreased sharply between days 14 and 21. The period of increased fibronectin content and synthesis (4 to 14 days) coincided with the period during which lung cell proliferation and secondary alveolar septa formation are known to be the most active, and the sharp decrease in fibronectin content and synthesis (between 14 and 21 days) coincided with the period during which lung growth and remodeling markedly decrease. The changes in lavage fibronectin and tissue collagen content differed markedly from those in tissue fibronectin. Our results indicate that fibronectin may play a role in postnatal lung growth and remodeling and are consistent with the known importance of fibronectin in cell function and in tissue growth and repair.
Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in children with AIDS
Authors: Bye Michael R. , Bernstein Larry , Shah Kiran , Ellaurie Maadhava , Rubinstein Arye 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBetween October, 1985 and May 1987, 29 children (mean age 22 ± 22 months, range 2–54 months) with AIDS or ARC developed acute respiratory illness. The initial diagnostic procedure was flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL was positive for Pneumocystis carinii in 14 and for respiratory syncytial virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in 3 additional patients. Subsequent lung tissue analysis and/or clinical course suggested no false negative lavages. Complications possibly related to the procedure occurred in two patients. We find BAL an effective diagnostic technique in these patients, offering a less invasive alternative to open lung biopsy.
Corticosteroid treatment for pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia in children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: Rubinstein Arye , Bernstein Larry J. , Charytan Morris , Krieger Ben Zion , Ziprkowski Micha 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive children with positive serology for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot were followed for chronic pulmonary disease. Lung biopsies were performed in all patients, and confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia. All children demonstrated progressive hypoxia and increasing alveolar capillary oxygen gradients over at least 1 year of follow‐up. All children were on periodic intravenous gamma globulin treatment for a B‐cell defect prior to the initiation of corticosteroid therapy. Prednisone was initially given at a dose of 2 mg/kg daily and was subsequently tapered to an alternate day regimen. All children showed improvement in oxygenation. No deterioration in immune function was noted, and there was no increase in bacterial infection. This study indicates that corticosteroids can successfully reverse the severe hypoxia that may result from pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia in pediatric AIDS patients.
Respiratory pattern at hospital discharge in asymptomatic preterm infants
Authors: Hageman Joseph R. , Holmes Diane , Suchy Steven , Hunt Carl E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPneumogram (PG) recordings were performed in 87 very low birthweight (VLBW) asymptomatic infants just prior to hospital discharge to determine the relationships between: 1) a prior history of apnea of prematurity (AOP) and cardiorespiratory pattern; and 2) cardiorespiratory pattern at hospital discharge and postconceptional age. Apnea density (A6/D%) and longest apnea were significantly greater in those with (n = 66), versus without (n = 21) a prior history of AOP (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Although PG values for the 21 VLBW infants without a prior history of AOP did not differ significantly from those of full‐term infants, for the 66 VLBW infants with a prior AOP history A6/D% (P < 0.01), episodes of periodic breathing (P < 0.05) and longest apnea (P < 0.001) were significantly greater compared with full‐term infants. Postconceptional age was significantly less in the VLBW infants with A6/D% values above, compared with those within the 95th percentile for normal infants (median age, 36 and 37.5 weeks; P = 0.01). Therefore, respiratory pattern abnormalities in asymptomatic VLBW infants ready for hospital discharge are related to a prior history of AOP and may be significantly higher than in full‐term infants at the postconceptional ages at which hospital discharge now tends to occur.
Airway responsiveness to cold, dry air in normal infants
Authors: Geller David E. , Morgan Wayne J. , Cota Kathryn A. , Wright Anne L. , Taussig Lynn M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReactive airway disease may be related to genetic, infectious, and environmental factors. The latter two have been well documented, but there are no data on nonspecific airway responsiveness in normal infants prior to any insult to the respiratory tract. We measured forced expiratory flow by the thoracic compression technique and lung volume in 30 normal infants before and after challenge with cold, dry air (CDA) and compared the results with those in 12 infants who did not receive CDA challenge. As a group, infants challenged with CDA had a mean decrease in VmaxFRC of 17.9 ± 24.1% SD. This was significantly different (P < 0.01) from the lack of change (+ 1.3 ± 18.1% SD) seen in the control group. We conclude that nonspecific airway reactivity may exist from early infancy and may predate any known lung injury. The relationship of this airway responsiveness to subsequent reactive airway disease and other respiratory illnesses is unknown and requires longitudinal study.
Prevalence and significance of methicillin‐resistant stapHylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Boxerbaum Bernard , Jacobs Michael R. , Cechner Ronald L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent reports indicate that methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be emerging as a significant pediatric nosocomial pathogen. Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease are subject to many of the risk factors for MRSA colonization and/or infection. We retrospectively investigated the prevalence and significance of MRSA from sputum and throat cultures in 452 patients with CF followed during 1986. No MRSA had been isolated during 1984 or 1985. Although S. aureus was isolated from 212 patients (47%) in 1986, only 14 (3%) showed MRSA. The MRSA strains had 11 different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Neither age, clinical condition, nor recent prior hospitalization correlated with MRSA acquisition. Acquisition did not appear to directly affect the course of the pulmonary disease in these patients even though no patient received any treatment for their MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA is low, although patients with CF are subject to many risk factors. MRSA appears to be mainly community‐acquired and to represent colonization rather than infection. However, the potential for nosocomial MRSA infection is present, and vigilance is required in monitoring any changes in frequency of isolation or infection with these organisms.
Use of a single silastic IV catheter for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations
Authors: Dietrich Kenneth A. , Lobas Jeffrey G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUse of a single percutaneous silastic IV catheter for cystic fibrosis hospitalizations was evaluated among 23 patients during 45 hospitalizations. Patient ages ranged from 4 to 20 years and weights from 18 to 60 kg. Percutaneous silastic catheters were used for infusion of all IV antibiotics and IV fluids. Catheters remained in place for a total of 549 patient days (mean 12.2, range 2–34). No patient demonstrated clinical signs of local infection or sepsis. Thirty six catheters served as the single IV access for a patient's entire hospitalization. Nine catheters were removed because of discomfort, obstruction, or mechanical dysfunction before the conclusion of the hospitalization. A single, percutaneously placed silastic catheter appears to be a safe and effective way of maintaining IV access throughout the duration of hospitalization for cystic fibrosis exacerbations.
Postnatal development of rat lung following retarded fetal lung growth
Authors: Adamson Ian Y. R. , King Gillian M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPostnatal lung development was examined in rats born with smaller than normal lungs after either prenatal exposure to glucocorticoid or to an inhibitor of collagen synthesis. At birth, treated animals had lower than normal lung weights, lung to body weight ratios, hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, total DNA; and rates of DNA synthesis. Rats exposed to steroid showed a rapid recovery in growth during the normal postnatal cell proliferative phase from 4 to 11 days, though collagen levels did not return to normal until 3 weeks of age. Rats exposed to a prenatal proline analog showed a much slower rise in lung weight and total DNA, and these levels were still much below normal at 2–3 weeks when the cell proliferation phase was completed. Levels of disaturated phosphatidylcholine were significantly below normal up to 11 days, whereas total HYP was significantly reduced and less fibrillar collagen was seen in the lung throughout the study. The results indicate that the smaller but mature lungs at birth after antenatal steroid show a growth rebound and quickly become structurally normal. In contrast, inhibition of fibroblast growth and collagen deposition produces small lungs at birth, which continue to show inhibited growth and development at least up to 3 weeks of age, when the cell division phase is over.