bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distortion product emission features and the prediction of pure tone thresholds
Authors: Kimberley Barry P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDistortion product emission (DPE) growth functions, demographic data, and pure tone thresholds (PTTs) were recorded in 229 normal‐hearing and hearing‐impaired ears. Half of the data set (115 ears) was used by a discriminant analysis routine to classify DPE and demographic features into either a normal PTT group or an impaired PTT group (PTT greater than 30 dB SPL [sound pressure level]) at six frequencies in the audiometric range. The six discriminant functions developed from this classification process were then used to predict PTT group membership in the remaining 114‐ear data set. Frequency‐specific prediction accuracy was approximately 85% overall.Of the 45 DPE and demographic variables evaluated, the DPE amplitude associated with an f2 (a primary tone of frequency) of moderate level (50 dB SPL) and a frequency corresponding to PTT was generally most predictive. DPE features associated with frequencies immediately adjacent to the PTT frequency also appear to be useful. DPE level was found to be weakly correlated with subject age; perhaps for this reason, age was frequently included in discriminant functions. This study describes the DPE measures that can most reliably categorize PTTs as normal or impaired in large populations with varied cochlear hearing status.
Management of chronic sinusitis in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Davidson Terence M. , Murphy Claire , Mitchell Mark , Smith Cecilia , Light Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis is extremely common in patients with cystic fibrosis. It causes numerous problems in these patients and can put them at risk for life‐threatening illness. Potential problems include nasal obstruction, congestion, sinus pain and pressure, infection (usually with Pseudomonas organisms), hyposmia or anosmia, and the seeding of bacteria into the lower respiratory tract. Cystic fibrosis patients with chronically infected sinuses are at increased risk for pneumonia following lung transplantation. A prophylactic protocol has been developed for the management of chronic sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis. These patients are fully evaluated at the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Medical Center. Based on the results of the evaluation, they are treated with endoscopic sinus surgery, partial middle turbinectomy, septoplasty, and a large middle meatal maxillary antrostomy. Surgery is followed by a rigorous regimen of pulsatile hypotonic saline nasal irrigation to wash away tenacious cystic secretions. Tobramycin (Nebcin®) is given once daily in the nasal irrigant to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas organisms. At the USCD Nasal Dysfunction Clinic, this prepulmonary transplantation protocol is now used in all cystic fibrosis patients with chronic sinusitis.
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula: The identification and management in pediatric temporal bone fractures
Authors: Mcguirt William F. , Stool Sylvan E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula represents a potentially lethal complication and requires a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis. A 12‐year retrospective study of pediatric basilar skull fractures identified 147 patients with temporal bone fractures, of which 37 patients exhibited evidence of CSF fistula. The diagnosis is made from a combination of clinical, radiographic, and chemical evaluation. The evolution of diagnostic techniques are reviewed, and the more recent and sensitive tests, such as beta‐2 transferrin, are emphasized. Treatment of CSF fistula is nonsurgical in most cases. Surgical exploration and mastoid obliteration were required in two patients, and the indications for surgical treatment are explored. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial and not routinely indicated.
The use of tissue expanders in the correction of ectropion in an animal model
Authors: Day Terry A. , Aarstad Robert F. , Hoasjoe Denis K. , Stucker Fred J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of tissue expanders in eyelid reconstruction has seen limited application. To determine the efficacy of tissue expanders in the correction of cicatricial ectropion, an animal model was developed. Lower‐eyelid blepharoplasty with overcorrection was performed on 18 New Zealand white rabbits. After 1 month, if significant ectropion was present, tissue expanders (1.8‐cm3 Cylindrical/Microdome [CUI Corporation, Carpinteria, Calif.]) were inserted on one side, the other eye being the control. These were inflated in the following weeks to a total volume of 2 cm3. The tissue expanders were then removed, and the animals were followed for 1 month. Although the early results were encouraging, the ectropion progressed toward its preoperative severity. It appears that lower‐eyelid ectropion remains a therapeutic problem that is only partially corrected with tissue expansion alone.
Nasal mucociliary clearance after radiation therapy
Authors: Stringer Scott P. , Stiles Warren , Slattery William H. , Krumerman Jon , Parsons James T. , Mendenhall William M. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIrradiation has been demonstrated to cause decreased mucociliary clearance in animal models. We sought to verify this effect clinically by using the saccharin transport test to evaluate nasal mucociliary clearance in 9 patients previously treated with radiation therapy to the nasal cavity. The patients also completed a questionnaire examining the prevalence of nasal symptoms before and after radiation therapy. Patients who received radiation therapy had no clearance of saccharin from the nasal cavity at a minimum of 20 minutes. The controls had a median clearance time of 5 minutes. The patients noted a higher prevalence of nasal congestion, drainage, and facial pain after radiation therapy. This study demonstrates that radiation therapy to the nasal cavity causes a decrease in nasal mucociliary clearance. This alteration should be considered when selecting therapy for malignancies in the nasal area.
Techniques for outcomes research in chronic sinusitis
Authors: Gliklich Richard E. , Metson Ralph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAccurate assessment of patient outcome after sinus surgery requires the collection of valid and reliable data. Symptom‐based surveys were administered in a prospective manner to 104 patients with chronic sinusitis, Test‐retest reliability for the Chronic Sinusitis Survey based on duration of symptoms (0.86, P<.0001) was superior to that for a similar survey based on severity of symptoms (0.57, P<.0001). Results of the Chronic Sinusitis Survey also correlated significantly with subscales of a general health assessment in the extent to which chronic sinusitis limits physical activity (0.40, P<.01), interferes with work or other activities (0.36, P<.01), and affects patient perception of bodily pain (0.46, P<.001). The Chronic Sinusitis Survey is an efficient and reliable method to follow health status and health‐related quality of life outcomes in patients with chronic sinusitis.
Radiotherapy in the treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Tharp Morgan E. , Shidnia Homayoon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBecause of reports of anaplastic transformation following irradiation, this study examines the incidence of anaplastic transformation and local control of these lesions. This review of seven patients who had verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck that was treated with irradiation shows local control in 71% of cases. There were no cases of anaplastic transformation. This report adds to the literature two cases of “de‐differentiation” to less differentiated squamous carcinomas; one such case occurred after surgery alone. The literature is reviewed. Overall, anaplastic transformation is reported in 7% of patients who had irradiation. De‐differentiation occurs after surgery as well. The rate of local control with irradiation is less than 50%; with surgery it is 85%. It is concluded that surgery should be used if the procedure has acceptable morbidity. Otherwise, irradiation can be used. Failures can be salvaged surgically. “Anaplastic transformation” should not affect treatment approach.
Determination of nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma by in situ hybridization for epstein‐barr virus EBER1 RNA: Sensitivity and specificity in cervical node metastases
Authors: Dictor Michael , Sivén Maria , Tennvall Jan , Rambech Eva 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAfter time‐consuming and costly investigations, patients with neck metastases from an occult primary often receive unnecessarily large radiation volumes to treat a possible origin in the nasopharynx. In this study a colorimetric antisense Epstein‐Barr early ribonucleoprotein 1 (EBER1) oligonucleotide probe specific for Epstein‐Barr virus RNA was hybridized in situ to metastatic tissue obtained from 18 nasopharyngeal, 54 oral and pharyngeal, and 12 occult carcinomas derived from an unselected population. All 16 nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) were positive for EBER1. Both cases of keratinizing NPC and all 54 other metastases were negative. A single positive case of occult carcinoma indicated its origin from NPC. In retrospect, 7 patients with occult carcinoma had received unnecessary treatment with irradiation to the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma appears to be a less common origin of occult carcinoma than previously considered. In the proper clinicopathologic context EBER1 in situ hybridization (EBER1‐ISH) allows exclusion of NPC with a high degree of accuracy. Thus unnecessarily large radiation volumes and their adverse sequelae may be reduced in the treatment of occult carcinoma. Conversely, a positive result of ISH allows exclusion of further extensive diagnostic procedures.
Reduction rhinoplasty and nasal patency: Change in the cross‐sectional area of the nose evaluated by acoustic rhinometry
Authors: Grymer Luisa F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe feeling of nasal patency is related to the dimensions of the nasal cavity. After aesthetic reduction rhinoplasty, the cross‐sectional areas of the nose may decrease critically. In this study, acoustic rhinometry, a new method based on acoustic reflections, was used to evaluate the internal dimensions of the nasal cavity in 37 patients before reduction rhinoplasty and again 6 months after surgery. The internal dimensions of the nasal cavity—especially the anterior dimensions—were reduced after rhinoplasty. Compared with the preoperative values, the minimum cross‐sectional area (at the nasal valve) decreased by 22% (totally) to 25% (unilaterally) (P = .000), and the cross‐sectional areas at the piriform aperture decreased by 11% to 13% (P = .02).
Lymphoma of the head and neck and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Clinical Investigation and Immunohistological Study: Introduction
Authors: Finn Douglas G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has made an enormous impact in the practice of medicine within the past decade. of the many associated problems, the increasing frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related malignancies, particularly lymphoma, has been both a fascinating area of study and a most difficult clinical condition to manage.This study investigates lymphoma of the head and neck with clinical studies, as well as immunohistochemical assessments from individual patients. Lymphomas of the head and neck, as they present to the otolaryngologist, can present difficult and challenging diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. It is well‐known that a significant number of acquired immunodeficiency patients present initially with symptoms related to the otolaryngology field; it was also found that a certain number of lymphomas in the head and neck in HIV+ patients are the initial presentation. In addition, the associated disorders, such as related infections and synchronous additional neoplasms, are described. Also presented are recommendations for diagnosis and work‐up of these conditions, based on the experience. In addition, the study of lymphoma as a neoplasm from the molecular biology viewpoint and its course in the immunodeficient state have been important areas of study in an effort to dissect the progression to oncogenesis. The rapidly expanding literature base in this area is discussed.
Relationship of environmental tobacco smoke to otitis media in young children
Authors: Kitchens George G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtitis media (OM) continues to be a major health problem of children in the United States. The role of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as a predisposing factor has not been completely discerned. This study and discussion is an investigation and review of the influence of passive cigarette smoking on OM in children, and its effect on the practice of otolaryngology within the pediatric population. A prospective study of 175 children with recurrent OM and requiring tympanostomy tubes (case group) was compared to an age‐matched group of 175 children (controls) to determine the role passive cigarette smoking has on the incidence of this disease. The results revealed that the case group more commonly had exposure to ETS (P=.04). Prospective follow‐up of the case group revealed no significant difference in the clinical course of the children who were exposed to ETS and those who were not.
Pressure measurements in the normal and occluded rabbit maxillary sinus
Authors: Scharf Keith E. , Lawson William , Shapiro Jack M. , Gannon Patrick J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOcclusion of the maxillary ostium is considered to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis. In this study, the authors determined the effect of ostial occlusion on pressure in the rabbit maxillary sinus which, like most humans, has only one ostium. We compared pressures in the normal and occluded maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized adult animals. Serial pressure measurements were obtained from sinuses with patent ostia in nasal‐breathing rabbits and with occluded ostia in both nasal‐breathing and tracheotomized animals.Sinuses with patent ostia showed pressure curves synchronous with the respiratory cycle. Inspiratory and expiratory pressures in the nasal cavity and the sinus were isobaric. Sinuses with occluded ostia initially developed a positive pressure followed by a negative pressure that reached a subatmospheric plateau of‐28.2 ± 7.3 mm H2O (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) within 20 to 50 minutes.This is the first quantitative study of sinus pressures using the rabbit as an animal model. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role of ostial occlusion in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis in humans.
Management of advanced cervical metastasis using intraoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Freeman Stephen B. , Hamaker Ronald C. , Huntley Tod C. , Borrowdale Richard , Rate William R. , Garrett Peter G. , Pugh Newell 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeventy‐five patients who had advanced cervical metastasis with possible invasion of the deep muscles or carotid artery were approached with aggressive resection and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). All metastatic nodes were greater than 3 cm, 65% were fixed on clinical examination, and 35% involved the carotid artery. Forty‐six (61%) of the patients had previously received irradiation. Fifteen of the patients required extended neck dissections with carotid resections and grafting. After the resection an average single dose of 2000 cGy of electron beam IORT was delivered.At 2 years, the local control rate within the IORT port was 68% and the absolute survival rate was 45%. Local control rates for close and microscopic margins (76% and 73%, respectively) were significantly better than the control rate for gross residual disease (25%, P<.05).The combination of extended neck dissection, including carotid artery resection if necessary, and IORT appears to offer improved control.
Treatment of vocal fold granuloma using botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Nasri Sina , Sercarz Joel A. , Mcalpin Tina , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractContact granuloma of the vocal folds has been associated with abnormal use of the voice, and acid reflux may exacerbate the inflammatory process. Treatments have included voice therapy and antireflux measures. Surgical excision is considered in patients who do not respond to medical management.Localized injections of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX®) have been effective in patients with disorders of muscular control in the head and neck. In this study, granulomas resolved in six patients who underwent injection of the affected vocal folds. Botulinum toxin type A is probably successful because it prevents forceful closure of the arytenoids during phonation and coughing. Localized injection of this neurotoxin is promising both as an initial treatment and as an alternative treatment in patients who do not respond to standard therapy or who are poor surgical candidates.
Contribution from crossed and uncrossed brainstem structures to the brainstem auditory evoked potentials: A study in humans
Authors: Møller Aage R. , Jho Hae Dong , Yokota Masashi , Jannetta Peter J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe neural generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in humans are not completely known. Attempts to identify the anatomical location of the neural generators of the human BAEP based on the results of studies in animals commonly used in auditory experimentation have been difficult because of the considerable anatomical differences between the ascending auditory pathways in humans and animals.The authors of this study compared recordings obtained from different locations on the lateral side of the brainstem in six patients undergoing micro vascular decompression surgery for a cranial nerve disorder affecting the fifth cranial nerve (i.e., trigeminal neuralgia). Ipsilateral click stimulation evoked prominent responses from the caudal aspect of the pons up to the junction between the pons and the midbrain, but all components of the responses with latencies shorter than 8 msec had smaller amplitudes when recorded at more rostral locations. Components with latencies in the range of peak V elicited by contralateral click stimulation had their largest amplitudes when recorded from the lateral brainstem at the level of the fourth cranial nerve (thus, close to the inferior colliculus). Earlier components of the contralateral responses (latencies in the range of the latency of peak III) had their largest amplitudes when recorded from the caudal lateral brainstem.The results of this study indicate that the part of the uncrossed auditory pathway that is located rostral to the cochlear nucleus contributes little to the farfield potentials (i.e., BAEP), and it is doubtful whether the contralateral response that can be recorded at the level of the cochlear nucleus contributes noticeably to the BAEP.
Perioperative ketorolac tromethamine and postoperative hemorrhage in cases of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Authors: Gallagher Judith E. , Blauth Jeannette , Fornadley John A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe charts of 258 patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy between June 1991 and June 1993 were reviewed. One hundred sixty‐nine of these patients received ketorolac tromethamine during the perioperative period as a nonnar‐cotic alternative for postoperative pain management. The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage among patients who received ketorolac tromethamine was 10.1%, compared to 2.2% in those patients who received narcotic analgesia only. The average time to adequate oral intake and discharge was evaluated. Ketorolac appeared to moderately decrease the time to adequate oral intake. The use of ketorolac did not significantly alter the time to discharge.The increased incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in patients receiving ketorolac should be considered before this medication is used in the perioperative period. The risk/benefit ratio of ketorolac use as a postoperative analgesic may be better demonstrated in a prospective study.
Basic fibroblast growth factor in human saliva: Detection and physiological implications
Authors: Van Setten G.‐B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAfter the detection of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha in various body fluids and human saliva the current study aimed to investigate the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in human saliva. Basic FGF is stimulating the proliferation of cells of mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin and is highly angioge‐netic. After ELISA technique was established, saliva was collected from eight healthy individuals. Run in duplicate, 14 (87.5%) of the 16 samples investigated contained measurable amounts of bFGF. In the samples containing bFGF the concentration varied between 0.1 pg/mL and 8.4 pg/mL (mean concentration, 3.8 pg/mL; SD, 3.5). There was no correlation between age and sex and bFGF concentrations. It is therefore concluded that bFGF is present in human saliva and may even constitute a constant component. The physiological importance of this finding is discussed.
Antigen Diffusion from the perilymphatic space of the cochlea
Authors: Yeo Sanmg W. , Gottschlich Stefan , Harrris Jeffrey P. , Keithley Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe diffusion pattern of horseradish peroxidase (HEP) injected into the scala tympani of the cochlear basal turn of guinea pigs was studied to test whether antigen presented in this manner can gain access to the endolymphatic sac. By two hours, HEP reaction product was found throughout the cochlea, with the greatest amounts in the spiral ligament, spiral lim‐bus, basilar membrane, and organ of Corti. In several cochleas, very weak labeling was seen in the stria vascularis. HEP reaction product was maximal in the basal turn. By two hours, HEP reaction product was also observed in the endolymphatic sac lumen, epithelial cells, subepithelial tissue, and perisaccular connective tissue. It was more common in the proximal portion. At this time, macrophages within the lumen already appeared to have phagocytosed the HEP. By 72 hours after injection, the inner ear was cleared of HEP.The results of this study support the hypothesis that antigen in the scala tympani gains access to the endolymphatic sac lumen, where it may be presented by macrophages to the systemic immune system. Antigen most likely does not gain access to the endolymphatic space in the cochlea, but it gets to the endolymphatic sac through the perilymph and the Derisaccular tissue.
Expression of immunoregulatory cytokines duruing actue and chronic middle ear immune response
Authors: Bikhazi Paul , Ryan Allen F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn both patients and experimental animals, immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found to dominate acute otitis media with effusion (OME), whereas IgA tends to be present in chronic but not in acute OME. To determine whether local immunoregulation could account for this difference, the expression of cytokines associated with the production of different antibody isotypes was investigated in experimental acute and chronic OME. Mice were systemically immunized and then challenged transtympanically, once to produce an acute OME or once per week for 6 weeks to produce chronic OME. Hybridization with molecular probes for cytokine genes showed that cells producing interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and BL‐4, but not IL‐5, were present during acute OME. In chronic OME, IL‐2‐positive (IL‐2+) and IL‐4+ cells were less prevalent, but IL‐5+ cells were numerous. These finding support a model by which locally produced IL‐2 and IL‐4 augment IgG production in acute OME, whereas, IL‐5 contributes to increased IgA production in chronic OME.