bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE LEVELS IN HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS DURING TREATMENT WITH PROPRANOLOL
Authors: HARROWER A. D. B. , FYFFE J. A. , HORN D. B. , STRONG J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were measured in twelve hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment with propranolol, 40 mg four times daily, for 2 weeks. There was a significant fall in serum T3 and a significant rise in serum T4 concentrations in the group as a whole and it was concluded that the clinical effectiveness of propranolol in hyperthyroidism may be mediated in part by its action on the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Propranolol treatment should be withdrawn gradually as removal of the suppressive action of the drug on thyroid hormone metabolism is potentially hazardous, particularly in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
EFFECTS OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED OESTRADIOL DECANOATE ON PLASMA OESTRADIOL, OESTRONE AND GONADOTROPHIN LEVELS, VAGINAL CYTOLOGY, CERVICAL MUCUS AND ENDOMETRIUM IN OVARIECTOMIZED WOMEN
Authors: KICOVIC P. M. , LUISI M. , FRANCHI F. , ALICICCO E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY. Six ovariectomized women with the uterus left in situ were given a daily oral dose of 0.5 mg of oestradiol decanoate in oil for 14 days. After a single dose of oestradiol decanoate mean plasma oestradiol rose from 26.8 pg/ml to 66.8 pg/ml within 30min. There was a further rise to 100–110 pg/ml (P < 0.001) remaining at the same level over a 24 h period. On repeated daily administration of oestradiol decanoate this rise continued reaching the mean value of 187.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001) at 2 weeks, while plasma oestrone remained at the same level (147.1 pg/ml) as it was at 24 h. The ratio of plasma oestrone:oestradiol was < 1 at 2 weeks. Plasma FSH and LH fell progressively during the medication. Changes of the Maturation Index, cervical mucus Ferning and Spinnbarkeit demonstrated the strong ‘peripheral’ activity of this dose of oestradiol decanoate. All endometrial specimens showed late proliferative changes at 2 weeks. It was concluded that the favourable properties of oestradiol decanoate offer new possibilities for a more physiological oestrogen supplementation therapy.
INFLUENCE OF PRESYNCOPE AND POSTURAL CHANGE UPON PLASMA ARGININE VASOPRESSIN CONCENTRATION IN HYDRATED AND DEHYDRATED MAN
Authors: BAYLIS P. H. , HEALTH D. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma arginine vasopressin concentrations were measured in five healthy volunteers during postural change under conditions of dehydration and normal hydration. A rise in plasma arginine vasopressin was observed only after dehydration and standing for 40 min. Five further volunteers who developed presyncopal symptoms during orthostasis had exceedingly high plasma arginine vasopressin levels. Changes in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration occurred with no significant alterations in plasma osmolality.
THE ACTION OF THYROID HORMONE
Authors: BERNAL JUAN , REFETOFF SAMUEL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThyroid hormone affects both developmental and metabolic processes. It has a relatively specific effect on the synthesis of a number of enzymes and other proteins. The fundamental cellular mechanism of action seems to be at the level of genetic regulation. It involves interaction with nuclear receptors, leading to an activation of the protein synthesizing machinery. How binding to receptors is coupled to genetic activation is completely unknown. At least part of the metabolic effects of thyroid hormone could be mediated through an interaction with mitochondria and cell membrane, and with some enzymatic systems such as adenylcyclase.
REDUCTION OF PLASMA TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) INDUCED BY PROPRANOLOL
Authors: LOTTI GAETANO , DELITALA GIUSEPPE , DEVILLA LUISA , ALAGNA SERGIO , MASALA ANTONIO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of propranolol on plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine uptake by Sephadex G‐25 (RT3U%) was studied in fourteen thyrotoxic patients and eight normal volunteers. 40 mg of propranolol as a single oral dose caused significant reduction in total serum T3 which began 60 min after administration. No significant changes were observed in T4 and RT3U% values. Plasma T3 levels remained suppressed during a 5 day course of treatment with propranolol. These results suggest that propranolol has a direct effect on peripheral metabolism of T3 rather than on thyroid hormone secretion.
THE EFFECT OF ORAL GLUCOSE ON VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ACTIVITY IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS
Authors: GRAVES J. M. , COLWELL J. A. , NAIR R. M. G. , SARJI K. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have previously noted increased platelet aggregation and high von Willebrand factor activity in patients with chemical diabetes. In this paper we have studied platelet aggregation, plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, growth hormone, and von Willebrand factor activity during the glucose tolerance test in six normal and six chemical diabetic subjects. The results suggest that von Willebrand factor activity is suppressed coincident with the rise of glucose and insulin and provide further evidence of hormonal and metabolic control of levels of von Willebrand factor activity.
INCREASING GROWTH WITH RAISED CIRCULATING SOMATOMEDIN BUT NORMAL IMMUNOASSAYABLE GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: HOFFENBERG R. , HOWELL A. , EPSTEIN S. , PIMSTONE B. L. , FRYKLUND L. , HALL K. , SCHWALBE S. , RUDD B. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo patients are described with elevation of circulating somatomedin A concentration but normal growth hormone levels. One, a young male, appeared clinically acromegalic; the other, a young female, was tall with kyphoscoliosis, and her appearance resembled Marfan's syndrome. In both patients plasma growth hormone concentration was suppressible by hyperglycaemia. It is suggested that their clinical syndromes resulted from excessive somatomedin activity.
OESTROGEN‐PROGESTOGEN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION
Authors: GOULDING A. , MCCHESNEY R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo examine the effects of age and use of oestrogen‐progestogen oral contraceptive agents (OCA) on urinary calcium excretion, 24 h urine collections were obtained from 525 women aged 16‐69 years during a health survey, and measurements made of the amounts of calcium, creatinine, sodium, potassium and magnesium excreted. Younger women using OCA excreted more potassium and creatinine but less calcium, and less calcium and magnesium relative to creatinine, than corresponding controls using no OCA. Older women excreted less creatinine, but significantly greater amounts of calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium relative to creatinine than younger women.It is postulated that the diminished urinary calcium excretion observed in women using OCA resulted from suppression of bone resorption by oestrogens in OCA.
PREVENTION BY SOMATOSTATIN OF RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND PLASMA RENIN MEDIATED BY BETA‐RECEPTOR STIMULATION
Authors: ROSENTHAL JULIAN , ESCOBAR‐JIMENEZ FERNANDO , RAPTIS SOTIRIOS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe interrelationships of increased plasma renin and elevated blood pressure following acute β‐stimulation by orciprenaline and its prevention by somatostatin was studied in normal man. During somatostatin infusion basal values of renin and blood pressure were unchanged. Following orciprenaline both variables increased significantly. Combination of somatostatin and orciprenaline reduced the rise in plasma renin activity by 49%, mean arterial blood pressure by 21% and heart rate by 19%, compared with β‐stimulation alone.The results indicate that the inhibitory action of somatostatin on plasma renin activity may be mediated via β‐receptors. The lesser increase of blood pressure under somatostatin plus orciprenaline also indicates a possible inhibitory effect of somatostatin on β‐adrenergic receptors.
MORPHOLOGY OF PROLACTIN PRODUCING ADENOMAS
Authors: KOVACS K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYProlactin cell adenomas, not uncommonly found among tumours arising from the human pituitary gland, are regarded as representing a distinct pathological entity. They can be separated into three types: (1) densely granulated prolactin cell adenomas; (2) sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenomas; (3) mixed adenomas; consisting of prolactin cells and of growth hormone cells.By light microscopy, using conventional staining procedures, prolactin cell tumours correspond to acidophilic‐chromophobic adenomas and cannot be distinguished reliably from other adenoma types. Positive cytoplasmic staining of adenomatous prolactin cells can often be obtained by Herlant's eryfhrosin or by Brookes’carmoisine methods. Immunoperoxidase technique reveals the presence of immunoreactive prolactin in the cytoplasm of adenoma cells. By electron microscopy, densely granulated adenomatous prolactin cells closely resemble resting prolactin cells seen in the non‐tumorous pituitary. Decrease in size and number of secretory granules, proliferation of rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum membranes, formation of Nebenkerns, prominence of Golgi complex, presence of misplaced exocytosis are characteristic fine structural features of sparsely granulated adenomatous prolactin cells.Although more work is required to correlate structure with secretory activity, it is justified to conclude that morphologic features of prolactin cell adenomas are sufficiently distinctive to permit their identification. Immunostaining and electron microscopy are valuable techniques revealing the cell type from which pituitary adenomas derive.
OUTCOME OF SUB‐TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY FOR THYROTOXICOSISIN ICELAND AND NORTHEAST SCOTLAND
Authors: THJODLEIFSSON B. , HEDLEY A.J. , DONALD D. , CHESTERS M. I. , KJELD M. , BECK J.SWANSON , CROOKS J. , MICHIE W. , HALL R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA comparative study of the outcome of surgical treatment for thyrotoxicosis was carried out in two countries with dissimilar dietary iodine levels. In the area with a high iodine level (Iceland) the prevalence of post‐operative hypothyroidism was five times lower, but recurrent hyperthyroidism was five times hgher, than in the area with lower iodine levels (northeast Scotland). The total morbidity reached comparable levels in the two samples. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibody tests and serum thyrotrophin levels was lower and the functional capacity of the thyroid remnant higher in the area with the higher dietary iodine intake. The study provides further evidence that there are important regional differences in the prevalence of factors known to influence the response to surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis which should be taken into account when planning treatment services.
THYROID FUNCTION IN DIETARY AMENORRHOEA
Authors: THOMSON J. E. , BAIRD S. G. , THOMSON J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAbnormalities of thyroid function are well known to occur in anorexia nervosa. A commoner problem is the patient with secondary amenorrhoea due to weight loss, who does not have true anorexia nervosa. Eight such patients were studied and compared to a normal control group. Total and free thyroxine, total and free triiodo‐thyronine were found to be significantly lower in the amenorrhoea patients. No difference in basal thyroid stimulating hormone or reverse triiodothyronine levels were found. In three of four patients who had thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests performed a prolonged response was found. These results indicate that abnormal thyroid function tests may be found in this milder form of the disease. In addition, the normal reverse triiodothyronine levels suggest the possibility of two mechanisms existing, whereby T3 levels may be lowered in nutritional disorders.
BONE DISEASE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE; THERAPY WITH l α ‐HYDROXY VITAMIN D3
Authors: POSTLETHWAITE R. J. , HOUSTON I. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYResults of l α‐hydroxy vitamin D3 therapy in twelve children with renal bone disease are described. Nine of the twelve children showed a good response to 0.04–0.08μg/kg/day. Hypercalcaemia was the only side effect and proved easy to manage because of the short half‐life of lα‐OHD3.
PROPHYLACTIC 1α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 THERAPY IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: WALKER G. S. , PEACOCK M. , AARON J. , ROBINSON P. J. A. , DAVISON A. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐seven patients starting regular haemodialysis were treated with a 1 μg daily dose of l α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 and concurrent aluminium hydroxide therapy to prevent hyperphosphataemia. There was an increase in plasma calcium, but no significant improvement in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity or parathyroid hormone levels. Metastatic calcification progressed but was never a severe clinical problem. Quantitative bone histology showed a significant decrease in resorptive surfaces confirmed radiologically, but there was no significant decrease in forming surfaces. The expected increase in forming surfaces with length of dialysis was however prevented.
SPINAL CALCIUM CHANGES WITH 1α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3
Authors: DABEK J.T. , ROBINSON B.H.B. , NAIK R.B. , AL‐HITI K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDuring treatment of renal osteodystrophy with lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in eleven patients, regional changes in the skeleton have been compared with long‐term calcium balance as assessed by whole‐body calcium. Radial bone changes did not correlate well with calcium balance, but spinal calcium changes were of a similar magnitude when changes were large. Bone alkaline phosphate changes correlated well with changes in spinal calcium, but less well with changes in radial bone density.
THE EFFECT OF lα‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 WITH AND WITHOUT OESTROGENS ON CALCIUM BALANCE IN POST‐MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: MARSHALL D.H. , NORDIN B.E.C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBalance studies were performed in thirty‐three post‐menopausal women (all but five having vertebral crush fractures or femoral neck fractures) in the basal state and on treatment with l α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 and/or oestrogenic hormones. The results suggest that the effectiveness of oestrogen therapy is limited by calcium malabsorption and the effectiveness of l α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 is limited by oestrogen deficiency. The best results were obtained with combined therapy to remedy what appears to be two distinct deficiencies.To minimize the risks of hypercalcaemia and the possible risks of hormone therapy, we suggest that the treatment of choice in post‐menopausal osteoporosis may be l α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 1μg daily and ethinyloestrodiol 25 μg daily for 3 weeks in every 4. Patients on a low dietary intake of calcium should probably be given calcium supplements. With this regimen, it should not be necessary to screen patients initially for calcium malabsorption or oestrogen deficiency because the majority of patients present with a combination of the two factors.
1α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: BOYLE I.T. , FOCELMAN I. , BOYCE B. , THOMSON J.E. , BEASTALL G.H. , McINTOSH W.B. , McLENNAN I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe surgcal management of primary hyperparathyroidism with severe bone disease (and tertiary hyperparathyroidism) has frequently been complicated by severe and prolonged post‐operative hypocalcaemia. In seven such cases a short pre‐operative course of l α‐hydroxy vitamin D3 has been found to abolish these adverse features virtually completely and even to diminish pre‐operative symptoms where present. Exacerbation of hypercalcaemia has not occurred and this regimen is thus recommended as a routine measure.
1α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN THE TREATMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA
Authors: GERTNER J.M. , BRENTON D. B. , EDWARDS R.H.T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFive patients with nutritional osteomalacia or rickets and six children with rickets unresponsive to physiological doses of vitamin D were treated with 1α‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3 (lα‐OHD3). Patients with nutritional osteornalacia responded to l‐2μg/day of lα‐OHD3. The most striking findings were rises in plasma calcium and, in one case, a decrease in faecal calcium. In some cases there was a rise in plasma phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase remained unchanged. There was radiological healing.In three patients with cystinosis and one with hypophosphatsemia and Barrter's syndrome 2μg of lα‐OHD3 produced healing of rickets. Plasma phosphate rose on treatment, possibly by a suppression of parathyroid activity. The response to such low doses of lα‐OHD3 suggests impaired lα‐hydroxylation of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in these patients. A patient with intestinal malabsorption was resistant to high doses of lα‐OHD3 by mouth but responded to parenteral administration. A boy with osteopetrosis and the biochemical changes of rickets was resistant to large doses of lα‐OHD3 presumably because of failure of osseous response.
SEX HORMONES IN MALE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE. I. THE PRODUCTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND OF ANDROSTENEDIONE
Authors: VAN KAMMEN E. , THIJSSEN J.H.H. , SCHWARZ F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe production of testosterone (Te) and androstenedione (A) has been studied in twenty‐three patients with chronic renal failure. Four of the patients were being prepared for haemodialysis (HD) treatment — non‐HD patients — nineteen were on chronic HD treatment, five of whom had been nephrectomized bilaterally. Data are presented on plasma Te and A levels, on the response to HCG and on changes after HD. The Metabolic Clearance Rate (MCR), blood production rate and the mutual interconversion of both steroids were determined together with the plasma sex hormone binding globulin capacity.In all groups of patients, plasma levels of Te were low and stimulation with HCG resulted in an insufficient increase in plasma Te levels, indicating Leydig cell deficiency in chronic uraemic males. In addition, a tendency to increased metabolic breakdown of Te was observed, most probably caused by a deficient synthesis of the sex hormone binding globulin. In patients with high peripheral degradation of Te, the testicles were able to produce about normal amounts of Te.In the non‐HD patients an increase in the MCR and blood production rate of A was found. This may be due to an alteration in the testicular steroid secretion. The other groups of patients did not show differences in the production of A when compared with normal males. No significant changes in plasma levels of Te and A were observed during HD treatment.The picture emerging from our data is similar to the one observed in population groups with severe protein malnutrition.
POTENTIATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC‐PITUITARY‐ADRENAL RESPONSE TO METYRAPONE BY l‐DOPA IN ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS
Authors: HSU TAH‐HSIUNG 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of l‐DOPA administration on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal function were studied in five normal subjects and in five patients with active acromegaly. In acromegalic patients, oral l‐DOPA (500 mg every 4 h for six doses) failed to alter the urinary excretion of 17‐hydroxycorticoids (17‐OHCS), 17‐oxosteroids (17‐OS), and tetrahydro‐11‐desoxycortisol (tetrahydro‐comp S). However, when cortisol synthesis was blocked with oral metyrapone, enhancement of excretion of 17‐OHCS, 17‐OS, and tetrahydro‐comp S by l‐DOPA became apparent in acromegalic patients but not in the normals. In patients with acromegaly, on the day of metyrapone administration, the mean excretion rates of 17‐OHCS, 17‐OS, and of tetrahydro‐comp S were 8.6 mg, 6.4 mg and 4.1 mg/24 h, respectively. When 500 mg l‐DOPA was co‐administered with metyrapone, the corresponding values increased significantly (P<0.01) to 14.9 mg, 9.0 mg and 7.7 mg/24 h. This effect of l‐DOPA was not observed in the normal subjects. It was concluded that l‐DOPA markedly enhanced the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal response to metyrapone in acromegalic patients, but not in normal subjects. l‐DOPA (or one of its metabolites) probably acts upon a noradrenergic or a dopaminergic system located in the hypothalamus to alter the release of ACTH. The unusual pituitary‐adrenal response to l‐DOPA in acromegaly may reflect: (1) a supersensitive reaction of the pituitary‐adrenal axis to l‐DOPA; (2) a paradoxical response of the pituitary‐adrenal axis to l‐DOPA; or (3) a subtle pituitary‐adrenal dysfunction.
BROMOERGOCRYPTINE TREATMENT OF ACROMEGALY PERSISTING FOLLOWING CONVENTIONAL THERAPY
Authors: HOLDAWAY I. M. , FRENGLEY P. A. , SCOTT D. J. , IBBERTSON H. K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBromoergocryptine has been used to lower growth hormone concentrations in ten patients with acromegaly in whom previous attempts at pituitary ablation had failed to cure the disorder. Plasma immunoreactive and plasma receptor‐reactive growth hormone concentrations together with plasma somatomedin concentrations and urinary excretion of immunoreactive growth hormone were used to assess the response to treatment. Casual immunoreactive hormone concentrations in plasma were lowered to less than 8 mu/l and to less than 5 mu/l during glucose infusion in seven patients, and urinary growth hormone excretion was also brought into the normal range (<40 μu/12 h) in this group. There was at least a 40% reduction in these measurements in the remaining three patients who had the highest basal hormone concentrations of the group. Plasma somatomedin fell with treatment in eight patients, and intravenous glucose tolerance improved in seven of eight patients tested. Used in modest dosage (up to 15 mg/day) bromoergocryptine can lower plasma and urinary growth hormone and plasma somatomedin concentrations in acromegalic patients in whom previous treatments have decreased but not cured hormone overproduction.
BEHAVIOUR OF PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND ALDOSTERONE DURING THE FIRST 72 H OF LIFE
Authors: SPARANO F. , SCIARRA F. , NATOLI G. , MERCURI M. A. , ODOARDI A. , COLANGELO E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma rerun activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) were determined in fifty normal newborns during the first 72 h of life. PRA was elevated in all cases and tends to increase from the first (6.79 ± 0.69SE ng/ml/h) to the third day of life (8.24 ± 0.96SE ng/ml/h). PAC was also elevated and rose from 24.06 ± 3.23SE ng/dl on the first day to 39.20 ± 4.25SE ng/dl on the third day. No significant correlation was observed between PRA and PAC. Serum sodium was within the normal range, whereas serum potassium was slightly elevated during the first 48 h of life. The physiological significance of the high levels of PRA and PAC in newborns is not clear at present. Many factors may be involved in the increased activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system: low blood pressure, hypersensitivity of the macula densa to catecholamines, relative insensitivity of the immature kidney to aldosterone, hyperkalaemia and other control mechanisms for aldosterone secretion all of which probably operate simultaneously during the first days of life.
THE EFFECT OF LISURIDE HYDROGEN MALEATE IN THE HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA‐AMENORRHOEA SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND HORMONAL RESPONSES
Authors: DE CECCO L. , FOGLIA G. , RAGNI N. , ROSSATO P. , VENTURINI P.L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEleven women with secondary amenorrhoea and hyperprolactinaemia were treated with lisuride, a new semisynthetic ergot derivative.Acute administration of lisuride (100 μg orally) significantly suppressed serum prolactin (PRL) levels in nine out of eleven subjects. In these nine patients, prolonged treatment with lisuride (50–200 μg daily) lowered PRL levels into the normal range, menstrual cycles were resumed and eight patients ovulated.Two patients, in whom lisuride failed to lower PRL levels into the normal range, did not resume normal menstruation.These data demonstrate that lisuride may be used clinically to lower PRL levels and to restore cyclic gonadotrophin secretion and ovulation in amenorrhoeic patients with hyperprolactinaemia.