bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐stage Transthoracic Operation for the Treatment of Right Lung and Liver Hydatid Cysts
Authors: Erdogan Abdullah , Ayten Arife , Kabukcu Hanife , Demircan Abid 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this study we reviewed our experience of hydatid disease of the lung and the liver and discussed the safety and the follow‐up results of the one‐stage operation. Between 1990 and 2004, 142 patients with pulmonary hydatid disease underwent operation in our clinic. Of these, 27 (19%) patients had cysts located on the dome of the liver, treated with phrenotomy through a right thoracotomy. Hydatid cysts located in the lungs were managed by means of cystotomy. For liver cysts, cystotomy and the inversion of the cavity with sutures was the surgical method of choice, and a drain was left in place. The pulmonary cysts of 12 (8.4%) patients were bilateral and 5 (3.5%) patients had prior surgical treatment of hepatic (n = 1) or pulmonary (n = 4) hydatid cysts. The liver cysts were approached transdiaphragmatically after the lung cysts were excised in 27 (19%) patients. In patients with pulmonary cysts, cystotomy, with or without capitonnage was performed on 123 (86.6%) patients, and wedge resection was performed on 11 (7.7%), segmentectomy was performed on 6 patients (4.2%), and lobectomy was performed on 2 (1.4%) patients. There was no mortality, and only a small number of complications were encountered: empyema in 3, excessive biliary drainage in 2, and bronchopleural fistula in only 1. We suggest that the extraction of pulmonary and hepatic cysts simultaneously through the transthoracic route is a useful and safe surgical technique. This technique also prevents the need for a second operation.
Pancreatic Anastomoses after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Do We Need Further Studies?
Authors: Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Qureshi Sajid S. , Rajneesh Nanda , Shukla Parul J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPancreatic anastomotic leak is the single most important factor responsible for the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Management of the pancreatic remnant is controversially discussed, reflecting the complexity of anastomosing a pancreas of different textures to the digestive tract. A number of studies evaluating diverse options have often provided conflicting conclusions. This information is confusing particularly to those surgeons outside of large‐volume centers with broad experience and to general surgeons who perform pancreatic surgery. A PubMed search with the key words pancreaticoduodenectomy, pancreatic anastomosis, pancreaticojejunostomy, pancreaticogastrostomy, and pancreatic fistula was performed. Major series of pancreatic anastomosis published between 1990 and 2002 were studied from diverse centers worldwide. Their results with regard to pancreatic fistula, morbidity, and mortality were documented. Nine series of pancreaticojejunostomy and seven series of pancreaticogastrostomy were evaluated. Eight comparative studies evaluating the two techniques were also analyzed. A single randomized controlled trial was identified among these comparative studies. Equally good results were observed with the two techniques. Other uncommon methods of management of the pancreatic remnant (duct occlusion and ligation) were also evaluated. Pancreaticojejunostomy followed by pancreaticogastrostomy are the most favored techniques. A duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis is preferred over other methods. Fistula rates of less than 5%–10% should be the standard irrespective of the technique used. Unlike in the past, mortality can be reduced even in the event of an anastomotic dehiscence, and this aspect is primarily dependent on a meticulous anastomosis based on sound surgical principles rather than the method per se. Based on the information accumulated, adherence to these specific principles could ensure a safe and reliable pancreatic anastomosis with mimimal morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy, even in the hands of general surgeons operating outside high‐volume centers.
Laparoscopy‐assisted Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer in Young and Elderly Patients
Authors: Mochiki Erito , Ohno Testsurou , Kamiyama Youichi , Aihara Rusuke , Nakabayashi Toshihiro , Asao Takayuki , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOpen gastric surgery in elderly patients is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates than those reported among younger individuals. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery may have a larger impact on the elderly compared to the younger age group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the experience of laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) in patients with early gastric cancer and compare the results in patients 70 years of age and older to those in patients younger than 70 years of age. From January 1998 to October 2004, a total of 103 patients underwent LADG. Of these patients, 30 who were older than 70 years were compared with 73 who were younger. Preoperative co‐morbidity, operative results, postoperative outcomes, and survival were analyzed. Furthermore, as a standard control of this study, we reviewed 54 distal gastrectomy cases with open surgery (open distal gastrectomy; ODG) in the same term with the same background factors, categorized into elder (n = 16) and younger (n = 38). The mean age of the elderly patients was 75 years in the LADG group. A significantly higher proportion of elderly patients had concurrent diseases in both groups. Blood loss was significantly less in the elderly than in younger patients undergoing LADG, and it was less in the LADG group than in the ODG group. The overall 5‐year survival rates in the LADG group were not significantly different between elderly and younger patients. Laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy is a safe and effective treatment for early gastric cancer in the elderly. Therefore, chronological age alone should not be considered a contraindication in selecting patients for LADG.
Proximal Gastrectomy Reconstructed by Jejunal Pouch Interposition for Upper Third Gastric Cancer: Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Yoo Chang Hak , Sohn Byung Ho , Han Won Kon , Pae Won Kil 
Published: November 2005

AbstractProximal gastrectomy with jejunal pouch interposition (PGJP) has been advocated as an alternative operation for upper third gastric cancer. However, there has been no prospective randomized trial comparing PGJP with total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y esophagojejunostomy (TGRY). The aim of this study was to compare the short‐ and medium‐term results of PGJP and TGRY in a randomized clinical trial. Fifty‐one patients with upper third gastric cancer were randomized to either PGJP (n = 25) or TGRY (n = 26). Outcome measures were postoperative complications, nutritional status assessed by serum nutritional parameters, and postgastrectomy symptoms. There were no significant differences in operating time, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Blood loss was significantly less in the PGJP group (P = 0.036). Nineteen patients (73%) in the TGRY group had one or more postgastrectomy symptoms, which was significantly more frequent than in the PGJP group (32%; P = 0.012). There were also significant differences between the two groups with regard to food intake, weight recovery, hemoglobin, and serum vitamin B12 levels in favor of PGJP. In conclusion, proximal gastrectomy with jejunal pouch interposition for upper third gastric cancer is safe, and is associated with a greater reduction in postgastrectomy symptoms and better nutritional status compared with conventional total gastrectomy.
Escin: Inhibiting Inflammation and Promoting Gastrointestinal Transit to Attenuate Formation of Postoperative Adhesions
Authors: Fu Fenghua , Hou Yuezhi , Jiang Wanglin , Wang Ronghua , Liu Ke 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPostoperative peritoneal adhesions are common, serious complications of general abdominal and gynecologic surgery that can lead to chronic abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and infertility. As yet, there are no ideal drugs that may be prescribed for patients to prevent adhesion formation effectively. In this study the effects of escin, a natural drug, on the various steps of adhesion formation were investigated. The effects of escin on increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in a mouse model of acute inflammation, granuloma formation in a subchronic inflammatory rat model, gastrointestinal transit in rats with intestinal paralysis, intestinal motility in postoperative patients, and postoperative adhesion formation in a rat model were observed. It was shown that escin could inhibit acute inflammation and granuloma formation, cause acceleration of gastrointestinal transit, help recover intestinal motility, and attenuate the formation of postoperative adhesions. The findings suggest that escin attenuates the formation of postoperative adhesions by inhibiting inflammation and promoting gastrointestinal transit. Thus it may be concluded that both inhibition of inflammation and increased gastrointestinal motility during the early postoperative period have a positive effect on decreasing the formation of adhesions.
Percutaneous versus Conventional Tracheostomy in Burned Patients with Inhalation Injury
Authors: Gravvanis Andreas I. , Tsoutsos Dimosthenis A. , Iconomou Thomais G. , Papadopoulos Stefanos G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare conventional tracheostomy with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in patients with inhalation burn injury. A total of 37 patients with severe burn injuries and associated inhalation injury, underwent percutaneous tracheostomy in our burn unit and were retrospectively compared with 22 patients who underwent conventional surgical tracheostomy. In the first group, 25 of 37 patients and in the second group 17 of 22 patients presented with partial or full‐thickness burn injuries (or both) in the neck region. The cost of the procedure, operating time, complications, and incidence of pulmonary infection were recorded. There were no significant perioperative complications in the percutaneous tracheostomy group, and no patient required surgical revision or conversion to surgical tracheostomy. In the conventional tracheostomy group, 2 patients developed tracheal stenosis, 1 had a tracheoesophageal fistula, and 10 had stomal infections. The average procedure time in the first group was 9 minutes, and in the second group it was 22 minutes. The cost of the bedside percutaneous tracheostomy was one‐fifth the cost of a conventional tracheostomy. The incidence of pulmonary sepsis was 45% after percutaneous tracheostomy compared to 68% after conventional tracheostomy. With the percutaneous technique, spontaneous closure of the stoma occurred within 1 to 3 days after removal of the tracheostomy tube, whereas with the conventional technique it was within 5 to 7 days. Percutaneous tracheostomy is associated with a lower complication rate and can be safely performed at the bedside. Moreover, it is faster and can be done at a lower cost than conventional open tracheostomy.
Incisional Hernia: Early Complication of Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Burger Jacobus W.A. , Lange Johan F. , Halm Jens A. , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan , Jeekel Hans 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that early development of the incisional hernia is caused by perioperative factors, such as surgical technique and wound infection. Late development may implicate other factors, such as connective tissue disorders. Our objective was to establish whether incisional hernia develops early after abdominal surgery (i.e., during the first postoperative month). Patients who underwent a midline laparotomy between 1995 and 2001 and had had a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen during the first postoperative month were identified retrospectively. The distance between the two rectus abdominis muscles was measured on these CT scans, after which several parameters were calculated to predict incisional hernia development. Hernia development was established clinically through chart review or, if the chart review was inconclusive, by an outpatient clinic visit. The average and maximum distances between the left and right rectus abdominis muscles were significantly larger in patients with subsequent incisional hernia development than in those without an incisional hernia (P < 0.0001). Altogether, 92% (23/25) of incisional hernia patients had a maximum distance of more than 25 mm compared to only 18% (5/28) of patients without an incisional hernia (P < 0.0001). Incisional hernia occurrence can thus be predicted by measuring the distance between the rectus abdominis muscles on a postoperative CT scan. Although an incisional hernia develops within weeks of surgery, its clinical manifestation may take years. Our results indicate perioperative factors as the main cause of incisional hernias. Therefore, incisional hernia prevention should focus on perioperative factors.
Impact of predation by a cave‐dwelling bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, on the diapausing population of a troglophilic moth,Goniocraspidum preyeri
Authors: Sano Akira 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe predation pressure of the greater horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, on the diapausing population of the noctuid moth,Goniocraspidum preyeri, was examined at an abandoned mine in central Japan. These bats did not prey on the moths in summer. The number of moths preyed on was largest in March. More than 60% of the diapausing moths were eaten by only three or four bats, which accounted for over 90% of all the moth deaths. This moth was an important source of food at the end of the hibernating period when the bat had already used most of its stored subcutaneous fat. The predation onG. preyerimay have raised the overwintering success rate ofR. ferrumequinum.
Interactions between mycorrhizal colonization and plant life forms along the successional gradient of coastal sand dunes in the eastern Mediterranean, Turkey
Authors: Çakan Halil , Karataş Çiğdem 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe mycorrhizal status of dune plant species in relation to their plant life forms was surveyed along a successional gradient of sand dune on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Roots of 64 dune plant species belonging to 30 families were collected from sand dune communities at four different successional stages: embryonic dunes (ED), mobile dunes (MD), fixed dunes (FD), and remnant dunes (RD). Of the plant species surveyed in all successional stages, 54 (84%) had formed mycorrhizal associations. Nonmycorrhizal plants with cryptophyte life forms predominated in the earlier successional stages (ED and MD), whereas the number and percent coverage of mycorrhizal plant species belonging to hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes, and chamaephytes generally increased with the stabilization of sand dunes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization was found to be the dominant mycorrhizal type in ED, MD, and RD. But phanerophytes with dual colonization, AM and ectomycorrhizal, became the dominant life form with high plant coverage in the FD stage. Total percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonization showed significant positive correlations relating to soil parameters such as organic matter and nitrogen content, while negatively correlating to high soil reaction (pH).
Evolutionary characteristics of the artificially revegetated shrub ecosystem in the Tengger Desert, northern China
Authors: Wang Xin‐Ping , Li Xin‐Rong , Xiao Hong‐Lang , Pan Yan‐Xia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe rain‐fed sand‐binding vegetation which stabilizes the migrating desert dunes in the Shapotou area at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert was initiated in 1956. The shrubs initially employed were predominantly Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, and Artemisia ordosica, and a desert shrub ecosystem with a dwarf shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes has since developed. Since 1956 the success of this effort has not only ensured the smooth operation of the Baotou–Lanzhou railway in the sand dune area but has also played an important role in the restoration of the local eco‐environment; therefore, it is viewed as a successful model for desertification control and ecological restoration along the transport infrastructure in the arid desert region of China. Some of the effects of recovery from desertification and ecological restoration on soil properties are shown by the increase in the distribution of fine soil particles, organic matter, and nutrients. The physical surface structure of the stabilized sand dunes, and inorganic soil crusts formed by atmospheric dust, have also led to the gradual formation of microbiotic soil crusts. Sand dune stabilization is associated with: (1) decreased soil particle size, (2) increased total N, (3) increased thickness of microbiotic crusts, (4) increased thickness of subsoil, and (5) an increase in volumetric soil moisture in the near‐surface environment. After 17 years of dune stabilization, both the number of shrubs and community biomass decreased. The number of microbes, plant species and vegetation cover, all attained a maximum after the dunes had stabilized for 40 years. There is a significant positive correlation between the fractal dimension of soil particle size distribution (PSD) and the clay content of the shallow soil profile in the desert shrub ecosystem; the longer the period of dune stabilization, the greater the soil clay content in the shallow soil profiles (0–3 cm), and the greater the fractal dimension of soil PSD. This reflects the fact that during the revegetation processes, the soil structure is better developed, especially in the upper profile. Hence, the migrating sand dune becomes more stabilized. Therefore, the fractal model can be used to describe the texture and fertility of the soil, and, along with the degree of stability of the previously migrating sand dunes, can be used as an integrated quantitative index to evaluate the revegetation practice in the sand dune areas and their stabilization.
Dust and self-similarity for the Smoluchowski coagulation equation
Authors: Escobedo M. , Mischler S. 
Published: November 2005

Smoluchowski coagulation equation for a class of homogeneous coagulation rates of degree

\lambda \in [0,2)

. On the one hand for any initial datum

f_{\mathrm{in}} \in \dot{L}_1^1

we build a weak solution which conserves the mass when

\lambda \leq 1

and loses mass in finite time (gelation phenomenon) when

\lambda > 1

. We then extend this existence result to a measure framework allowing dust source term. In that case we prove that the income dust instantaneously aggregates and the solution does not contain dust phase. On the other hand, we investigate the qualitative properties of self-similar solutions to the Smoluchowski's coagulation equation when

\lambda < 1

. We prove regularity results and sharp uniform small and large size behaviour for the self-similar profiles.

Résumé

Nous considérons l'équation de Smoluchowski pour une classe de taux homogènes de degré

\lambda \in [0,2)

. D'une part, pour toute donnée initiale

f_{\mathrm{in}}\in \dot{L}_1^1

nous construisons une solution qui conserve la masse lorsque

\lambda \leq 1

et qui perd de la masse en temps fini (phénomène de gélification) lorsque

\lambda > 1

. Nous étendons ensuite ce résultat à un contexte mesure qui permet de prendre en compte un terme de source « poussière ». Dans ce cas, nous démontrons que la poussière entrant dans le système s'agglomère instantanément et que la solution ne contient pas de phase poussière. D'autre part, nous étudions les propriétés qualitatives des solutions auto-similaires lorsque

\lambda < 1

. Nous démontrons des résultats de régularité et établissons des estimations uniformes sur le comportement du profil auto-similaire pour les petites et les grandes tailles de particules.
Neuroprotection associated with alternative splicing of NMDA receptors in rat cortical neurons
Authors: Jaekel Beate , Mühlberg Katja , Garcia de Arriba Susana , Reichenbach Andreas , Verdaguer Ester , Pallas Mercè , Camins Antoni , Nörenberg Wolfgang , Allgaier Clemens 
Published: November 2005

Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to elevated extracellular K+concentrations (25 mM) induces membrane depolarization and an increase in action‐potential firing.Long‐term high K+treatment was associated with an increased neuronal cell death.In surviving neurons, multiple changes occurred in the proportion of individual NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) splice variant mRNA expression, whereas the overall expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B transcripts remained unaffected. The high K+‐induced changes in NR1 splice variant expression were virtually abolished upon a concurrent administration of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 3 μM).In voltage‐clamp recordings performed on neurons resistant to high K+treatment, inward currents induced by NMDA (1–1000 μM) were reduced.In K+‐resistant cells, the activity of calpain but not of caspase‐3 was diminished compared with controls kept in regular medium.NR function as well as calpain activity was not affected in cultures concomitantly treated with high K+and either TTX or a NR antagonist (CGS19755 (selfotel) or memantine).In conclusion, the present data indicate adaptive changes in NR1 splice variant expression and a decrease in NR function upon a sustained increase in neurotransmission. Accordingly, alternative splicing could be an endogenous mechanism to counteract cellular damage due to overactivation of excitatory NRs and may be associated with an impairment of necrotic mechanisms.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)147, 622–633. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706471
Long‐term bradycardia caused by atrioventricular block can remodel the canine heart to detect the histamine H1 blocker terfenadine‐induced torsades de pointes arrhythmias
Authors: Takahara Akira , Sugiyama Atsushi , Ishida Yuko , Satoh Yoshioki , Wang Kai , Nakamura Yuji , Hashimoto Keitaro 
Published: November 2005

Although a second‐generation histamine H1 blocker terfenadine induced torsades de pointes (TdP) arrhythmias in patients via the blockade of a rapid component of delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr), such action of terfenadine has not been detected in previous animal models.
We analysed the potential of the canine persistent atrioventricular block heart, a new in vivo proarrhythmia model, to detect a torsadogenic effect of terfenadine of an oral dose of 3 or 30 mg kg−1. The doses can provide therapeutic to supra‐therapeutic plasma concentrations as an anti‐histamine.
In 2 weeks of bradycardiac heart model, there were no significant changes in any of the electrocardiogram parameters after the administration of both doses of terfenadine.
In 4–6 weeks of bradycardiac heart model, the low dose of terfenadine hardly affected any of the electrocardiogram parameters except that it induced TdP in one out of six animals. The high dose significantly decreased the atrial rate and ventricular rate, prolonged the QT interval, and induced TdP in five out of six animals. Moreover, temporal variability of repolarization increased after the high‐dose administration.
These results suggest that long‐term bradycardia caused by atrioventricular block can remodel the canine heart to detect terfenadine‐induced TdP.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 634–641. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706493