bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eine Substanz mit dreifacher Wirkung
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEs ist wie Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe: Tumorzellen werden daran gehindert, jenes Kontroll‐Protein abzubauen, dass die Zellteilung im Zaum hält und Tumorzellen in den Zelltod schickt. Argyrin A heißt der Wirkstoff, der den Abbau des Proteins p27 unterdrückt. Es gehört zu der neuen Gruppe von Wirkstoffen, die das Proteasom adressieren.
Remos Prognose
Authors: Siering Carsten , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWie wird sich das Klima in Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2100 verändern? Mit dieser Frage beschäftigte sich das Max‐Planck‐Institut für Meteorologie in Hamburg im Auftrag des Bundesumweltministeriums. Nun liegt eine umfangreiche Klimaprognose vor, die unter www.umweltbundesamt.de heruntergeladen werden kann.
Photoactive Branched and Linear Surface Architectures for Functional and Patterned Immobilization of Proteins and Cells onto Surfaces: A Comparative Study
Authors: Stegmaier Petra , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMolecular architecture affects the properties of surface layers. Photosensitive silanes with branched architectures allow patterning and coupling of proteins and cells on surfaces while maintaining their biofunctional state. Attachment can be directed to the activated regions of irradiated substrates with high selectivity (see image of mouse fibroblasts).magnified imageNovel photosensitive silanes with a branched molecular architecture combining three end‐functionalized oligoethylene glycol (OEG) and alkyl arms are presented. These molecules are synthesized and applied to the modification of silica surfaces. The resulting layers are tested in their ability for the selective, patterned and functional immobilization of proteins and cells. The results demonstrate and accurately quantify the benefits of branched OEG structures against linear analogues for preventing non‐specific interactions with the biological material. Linear structures guarantee high selectivity for the attachment of proteins, however, they fail in the case of cells. Branched structures provide good antifouling properties in both cases and allow the formation of protein patterns with higher densities of the target protein, as well as cell patterns. The results demonstrate the careful balance between surface functionality, composition and architecture that is required for maximizing the performance of any surface‐based assay in biology.
Association of serum γ‐glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of fatty liver
Authors: Kim Chul‐Hee , Park Joong‐Yeol , Lee Ki‐Up , Kim Jin‐Ho , Kim Hong‐Kyu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlthough elevated serum concentrations of γ‐glutamyltrans‐ ferase (GGT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is unclear whether each is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes or merely a surrogate marker for fatty liver or hepatic injury.MethodsWe assessed clinical and laboratory findings in 3556 non‐diabetic subjects (2217 men, 1339 women; age, 45.7 ± 8.1 (range 20–79) years) without fatty liver or clinically significant hepatic dysfunction who underwent voluntary medical check‐ups at a 5‐year interval.ResultsThe odds ratio of developing type 2 diabetes increased significantly with increasing GGT and ALT levels at baseline. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, fasting glucose, and ALT, the highest quartile of GGT remained significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Compared with the first GGT quartile, the odds ratios of the second, third, and fourth GGT quartiles were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.25–1.65), 1.12 (0.45–2.78), and 3.07 (1.21–7.76), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for the second, third, and fourth ALT quartiles in the same logistic regression model were 2.40 (0.83–6.94), 2.85 (1.03–7.90), and 4.31 (1.56–11.88), respectively. The risk of type 2 diabetes was additive with respect to GGT and ALT quartiles.ConclusionsIncreased serum GGT and ALT levels are independent, additive risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects without fatty liver or hepatic dysfunction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on a male‐typical behavior and excitatory synaptic transmission in the amygdala
Authors: Cooke Bradley M. , Woolley Catherine S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMammalian puberty entails the emergence of behaviors such as courtship, coitus, and territorial aggressiveness. In adult rodents, the medial amygdala (MeA) is an important site for gonadal steroid hormone regulation of social behaviors and is sensitive to changes in the level of gonadal steroids. Here we show that prepubertal gonadectomy of male rats reduces the expression of a sexually dimorphic behavior, juvenile rough‐and‐tumble play, as well as the level of excitatory synaptic transmission assayed in adulthood. Behavioral observations in juveniles showed that gonadectomy reduced the initiation of playful attacks, particularly between postnatal days 31–35. Whole‐cell voltage clamp recordings made in slices from adults showed that gonadectomy also reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in MeA neurons without affecting paired pulse facilitation, an index of vesicle release probability. As mEPSC frequency can reflect the number of excitatory synapses per neuron, we also compared the dendritic morphology of Lucifer Yellow filled neurons from intact and gonadectomized adults. This showed that gonadectomy significantly reduced the density of dendritic spines without affecting overall dendritic length or branching of MeA neurons, which is consistent with a gonadectomy‐induced reduction in the number of excitatory synapses. These findings suggest that peripubertal androgens activate rough‐and‐tumble play and promote the maintenance and/or development of new excitatory synapses in the MeA. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Effect of Ti addition on magnetic properties of TbCu7‐type Sm‐Fe‐Co‐Mn system nitrides
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Osanai Kenta 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo support the development of high‐performance isotropic bonded magnets, experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of Ti addition on the magnetic properties of Sm‐Fe‐Co‐Mn system nitride compounds with TbCu7‐type structure. Sm10(Fe0.9Co0.1)89.5−xMn0.5Tix (x=0 to 1.0) alloy ribbons were prepared by the single‐roller rapid‐quenching method. The effects of alloy composition and of heat treatment and nitriding conditions on the magnetic properties were examined. The optimum preparation conditions of the compounds were as follows. Composition: {Sm10(F0.9Co0.1)89Mn0.5Ti0.5}86.8N13.2; roller speed: 50 m/s; heat treatment: 700°C×60 min in high‐purity Ar gas; nitriding conditions: 420°C×15 h in high‐purity N2 gas. Typical magnetic properties of the obtained compound powders were Jr = 0.97 T, HcJ = 730.8 kA/m,(BH)max = 140.0 kJ/m3 (17.6 MGOe), Tc=500°C. XRD, TEM photographs, and recoil loops of the hysteresis curve demonstrated that this sample had the characteristics of an exchange spring magnet. The value of (BH)max for the isotropic compression molding bonded magnet prepared from the {Sm10(F0.9Co0.1)89Mn0.5Ti0.5}86.8N13.2 powder was 94.8 kJ/m3 (11.9 MGOe) at a bonded magnet density of 6.07 Mg/m3. The reversible temperature coefficient of Jr was α(Jr)=−0.04%/°C and the temperature coefficient of HcJ in the range from 25°C to 125°C obtained by linear extrapolation was α(HcJ)=−0.40%/°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(7): 25–31, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10124
Self‐excited hybrid‐field synchronous motors
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a new well‐organized dynamic mathematical model and new dynamic vector simulators for newly emerging self‐excited hybrid‐field synchronous motors (SelE‐HFSMs) that have rotor field by both permanent magnet and diode‐shorted field winding. The proposed new mathematical model has the following completeness and generality: (1) it consists of three consistent basic equations such as circuit, torque‐evolution, and energy‐transmission equations; (2) it deals with pole saliency and contains nonsaliency as a special case; (3) it is a dynamic model and contains a static one as a special case; and (4) it is established in the general reference frame including the stator and rotor reference frames as special cases. The proposed new dynamic vector simulators are established in the form of a vector block diagram based on the new model. They have the following attractive features: (1) they succeed in realizing clear configurations with physically meaningful vector signals, which clearly show motor electromagnetic mechanism; (2) vector signals utilized as transfer signals between blocks are defined in the general reference frame; consequently, the simulators in the frame can be directly and easily reduced to the ones in the stator and rotor reference frames; (3) they are compact, and can be easily programmed by commercially available standard simulation software. Two typical and compact but sufficiently general dynamic vector simulators are newly presented. Validity of the model is verified analytically, and validity of the simulators is confirmed by numerical experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(8): 20–33, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10131
A design for robust power system stabilizer by means of H∞ control and particle swarm optimization method
Authors: Zoka Yoshifumi , Miyatani Hajime , Yorino Naoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes two types of PSS design methods that take into account robustness for comparably large power systems. The first one is a design method based on ∞ control theory and the second one is a parameter determination method for a standard PSS by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In order to deal with large‐scale systems, a reduced model is developed to get the target system which preserves major oscillation modes only. The major oscillation modes are selected by using the residue concept, and the PSS is designed based on the target system. In order to verify effectiveness, the proposed methods are compared with the other previously proposed method based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) through many numerical simulations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(8): 34–43, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10132
Analysis of magnetic bearing using inductive levitation by relative motion between magnet and conductor
Authors: Takanashi Takeshi , Matsuya Yuji , Ohtsuka Yusuke , Nishikawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn chemical plants, an anticorrosion magnetic drive pump is commonly used to deliver corrosive chemical liquids because of its high anticorrosion performance. However, when bubbles enter the chemical pump and accumulate between the shaft and the bearing, the shaft is often broken by thermal shock. The magnetic bearing which holds the rotor in noncontact has the advantage of avoiding thermal shock and keeping the rotor in a stable state by restoring force induced from the eddy current in the conductor. A model of magnetic bearing was analyzed using the three‐dimensional finite element method. In this model, a restoring force of 68.6 N and a braking torque of 8.7 N‐m were found. The locus of the rotation axis was also estimated using a radial load and a drag coefficient. The rotor may be located inside the movable range. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 80–87, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20652
Genetic, molecular and functional analyses of complement factor I deficiency
Authors: Nilsson Sara C. , Trouw Leendert A. , Renault Nicolas , Miteva Maria A. , Genel Ferah , Zelazko Marta , Marquart Hanne , Muller Klaus , Sjöholm Anders G. , Truedsson Lennart , Villoutreix Bruno O. , Blom Anna M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractComplete deficiency of complement inhibitor factor I (FI) results in secondary complement deficiency due to uncontrolled spontaneous alternative pathway activation leading to susceptibility to infections. Current genetic examination of two patients with near complete FI deficiency and three patients with no detectable serum FI and also close family members revealed homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in several domains of FI. These mutations were introduced into recombinant FI and the resulting proteins were purified for functional studies, while transient transfection was used to analyze expression and secretion. The G170V mutation resulted in a protein that was not expressed, whereas the mutations Q232K, C237Y, S250L, I339M and H400L affected secretion. Furthermore, the C237Y and the S250L mutants did not degrade C4b and C3b as efficiently as the WT. The truncated Q336x mutant could be expressed, in vitro, but was not functional because it lacks the serine protease domain. Furthermore, this truncated FI was not detected in serum of the patient. Structural investigations using molecular modeling were performed to predict the potential impact the mutations have on FI structure. This is the first study that investigates, at the functional level, the consequences of molecular defects identified in patients with full FI deficiency.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Iron(II/III) Complexes with N2O22– Coordinating Schiff Base Like Ligands
Authors: Weber Birgit , Jäger Ernst‐G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn overview on the structure–reactivity relationship of iron(II/III) complexes with Schiff base like N2O2 coordinating ligands is given. The high flexibility of the ligands results in a wide range of possible applications from model complexes for the reaction with small biomolecules such as nitric oxide to molecular switching materials either as a result of the occurrence of the spin‐crossover phenomenon or the spontaneous long‐range magnetic ordering. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Hydroclimatic and channel snowpack controls over suspended sediment and grain size transport in a High Arctic catchment
Authors: McDonald Dana M. , Lamoureux Scott F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTemporal variability in suspended sediment delivery processes was studied during three seasons in a 7·9 km2 catchment at Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut in the Canadian High Arctic. Discharge was controlled primarily by the magnitude of snowmelt, with limited inputs from ground ice melt and precipitation. Years with greater snowpack non‐linearly increased sediment yield and resulted in seasonal counter‐clockwise hysteresis, while a year with low snowpack resulted in reduced sediment yield and clockwise hysteresis, and indicates that sediment was increasingly available after the onset of streamflow. In addition to the event‐scale hysteresis observed during the nival discharge peak, diurnal clockwise hysteresis was observed during all three seasons and suggests daily exhaustion of sediment supplies. These results indicate that the channel snowpack plays a primary role over sediment accessibility during the nival discharge peak. Similarly, grain size analysis of suspended material in the river showed that the coarsest mean grain size was transported during the early phase of peak nival discharge and indicates that isolated sources of coarse material were being accessed by high velocity flow. Snowpack is present through the peak nival period and conditions sediment availability by isolating channel sediments from high‐energy flow. These results indicate sediment delivery characteristics in small High Arctic catchments reflect complex interactions with channel snowpack and disproportionate responses to flow conditions that differ from glacial and temperate settings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation and characterization of microcapsules by complex coacervation with liquid or solid aroma cores
Authors: Leclercq Segolene , Harlander Kristin R. , Reineccius Gary A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe process parameters typically reported in the literature for the encapsulation of aroma compounds via coacervation are reviewed and their effects on capsule formation discussed. We then report on our approach to produce coacervates [liquid (limonene or medium chain triglycerides) or solid core (menthol)] using gum acacia/gelatin as wall materials. Manufacturing parameters were optimized to allow the production of consistent batches of coacervate microcapsules. Capsules were cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde and freeze‐dried. Coacervates were characterized for their structure and shape, size distribution, flavour load and water uptake rate. In addition, a brief storage study compared the ability of coacervate capsules and spray‐dried capsules (using modified starch as carrier material) to protect limonene from oxidation. No detectable increase in limonene oxide could be detected in capsules made by coacervation over 25 days in storage at 45 °C, whereas a significant increase in limonene oxide was detected in spray‐dried powder over the same period. Encapsulation by coacervation (as described in this paper) appears to be an effective technique for encapsulating aroma compounds and provides a good barrier against oxidation of sensitive material. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the exit value of a forward contract
Authors: Power Gabriel J. , Turvey Calum G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDefault risk associated with forward contracts can be substantial, yet these financial instruments are widely used to hedge price risk. An objectively priced exit option on the forward contract would help reduce the likelihood of litigation associated with contract default. A method is proposed to compute the exit option's value for an arbitrary forward contract, using Black's (1976) model and option premium data. The time series dynamics of the exit option value are confirmed to be, like its underlying, well described by a martingale with heavy‐tailed (Student) GARCH residuals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29: 179–196, 2009
Do futures lead price discovery in electronic foreign exchange markets?
Authors: Cabrera Juan , Wang Tao , Yang Jian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUsing intraday data, this study investigates the contribution to the price discovery of Euro and Japanese Yen exchange rates in three foreign exchange markets based on electronic trading systems: the CME GLOBEX regular futures, E‐mini futures, and the EBS interdealer spot market. Contrary to evidence in equity markets and more recent evidence in foreign exchange markets, the spot market is found to consistently lead the price discovery process for both currencies during the sample period. Furthermore, E‐mini futures do not contribute more to the price discovery than the electronically traded regular futures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:137–156, 2009
Estimation of physical intensity models for default risk
Authors: Denault Michel , Gauthier Geneviève , Simonato Jean‐Guy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe estimation of physical intensity processes in the context of default risk is investigated here. Using data from Moody's Corporate Bond Default Database, a term structure of default probabilities for different rating classes is constructed each year from 1970 to 2001. Two specifications used for modeling the dynamics of the (risk‐neutral) intensity process in the bond‐pricing literature are then examined empirically: the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and square‐root cases. The results reveal that the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck case is not an adequate modeling alternative with a rejection of this specification in five out of seven credit classes and nonsignificant mean reverting behavior for all credit classes. The square‐root case obtains better results with four credit classes out of seven for which this specification cannot be rejected and significant mean reversion parameters in many cases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:95–113, 2009
A missense mutation in ABCB4 gene involved in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 leads to a folding defect that can be rescued by low temperature #
Authors: Delaunay Jean-Louis , Durand-Schneider Anne-Marie , Delautier Danièle , Rada Alegna , Gautherot Julien , Jacquemin Emmanuel , Aït-Slimane Tounsia , Maurice Michèle 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a rare liver disease characterized by early onset of cholestasis that leads to cirrhosis and liver failure before adulthood. PFIC3 may be improved by chronic administration of ursodeoxycholic acid, although in many cases liver transplantation is the only therapy. The disease is caused by mutations of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette, sub-family B, member 4 (ABCB4) [multidrug resistance 3 (MDR3)] gene encoding a specific hepatocellular canalicular transporter involved in biliary phosphatidylcholine secretion. Several mutations have been reported; however, the effect of individual mutations has not been investigated. ABCB4 is highly homologous to ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1 (ABCB1) (MDR1), the multidrug transporter responsible for drug resistance of cancer cells. We have studied the effect of mutation I541F localized to the first nucleotide-binding domain, which is highly conserved between ABCB4 and ABCB1. Plasmids encoding the wild-type human ABCB4 or rat ABCB1–green fluorescing protein (GFP) construct, and corresponding I541F-mutants, were expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, human (HepG2) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Expression studies showed that ABCB4 was localized at the bile canalicular membrane in HepG2 cells and at the apical surface in MDCK cells, whereas the I541F mutant was intracellular. In MDCK cells, ABCB1-I541F also accumulated intracellularly in compartments, which were identified as the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi, and remained partially endoH-sensitive. After shifting cells to 27°C, ABCB1-I541F was expressed at the apical cell surface in a mature and active form. Similarly, ABCB4 was significantly trafficked to the membrane of bile canaliculi in HepG2 cells.Conclusion: Mutation I541F causes mislocalization of both ABCB4 and ABCB1. Intracellular retention of ABCB4-I541F can explain the disease in PFIC3 patients bearing this mutation. The observation that plasma membrane expression and activity can be rescued by low temperature opens perspectives to develop novel therapies for the treatment of PFIC3. (Hepatology 2009.)