bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences with health information among caregivers of people with cancer from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: A qualitative study
Authors: Yuen Eva Y.N. , Hale Megan , Wilson Carlene 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesAlthough some research suggests that caregivers from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities have higher unmet information needs compared to their English-speaking counterparts, few studies have examined determinants of information needs among CALD cancer caregivers and their satisfaction with received information. This study aimed to explore experiences with cancer-related information among caregivers of people with cancer from CALD communities.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 caregivers from Arabic and Chinese backgrounds (12 in each group). Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 40.6 years, and most were female (83%). Six themes were identified: (a) lack of information to meet their needs; (b) challenges understanding cancer- and care-related information; (c) proactivity to make sense of, and understand information; (d) interpreting information: the role formal and informal services; and (e) engaging with health providers to access information.ConclusionsCaregivers identified significant language and communication barriers impacting their capacity to understand cancer-related information given by providers and they invested personal effort clarifying information. The importance of access to formal interpreter services, even when caregivers and care recipients seem proficient in English, was highlighted. Cultural sensitivity of providers when discussing a cancer diagnosis and treatment was also identified as an important consideration.Significance of resultsCulturally tailored outreach programs designed to provide key cancer-related information which are accessible to CALD caregivers have the potential to improve the health outcomes of both caregivers and care recipients.
Effectiveness of a WHO self-help psychological intervention to alleviate stress among healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 in China: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Jinghua , Luo Rui , Guo Pengyue , Zhang Dexing , Mo Phoenix K. H. , Wu Anise M. S. , Xin Meiqi , Shang Menglin , Cai Yuqi , Wang Xu , Chen Mingyu , He Yiling , Zheng Luxin , Huang Jinying , Xu Roman Dong , Lau Joseph T. F. , Gu Jing , Hall Brian J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
To examine the effectiveness of Self-Help Plus (SH+) as an intervention for alleviating stress levels and mental health problems among healthcare workers.

Methods
This was a prospective, two-arm, unblinded, parallel-designed randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited at all levels of medical facilities within all municipal districts of Guangzhou. Eligible participants were adult healthcare workers experiencing psychological stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale scores of ≥15) but without serious mental health problems or active suicidal ideation. A self-help psychological intervention developed by the World Health Organization in alleviating psychological stress and preventing the development of mental health problems. The primary outcome was psychological stress, assessed at the 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, insomnia, positive affect (PA) and self-kindness assessed at the 3-month follow-up.

Results
Between November 2021 and April 2022, 270 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either SH+ (n = 135) or the control group (n = 135). The SH+ group had significantly lower stress at the 3-month follow-up (b = −1.23, 95% CI = −2.36, −0.10, p = 0.033) compared to the control group. The interaction effect indicated that the intervention effect in reducing stress differed over time (b = −0.89, 95% CI = −1.50, −0.27, p = 0.005). Analysis of the secondary outcomes suggested that SH+ led to statistically significant improvements in most of the secondary outcomes, including depression, insomnia, PA and self-kindness.

Conclusions
This is the first known randomised controlled trial ever conducted to improve stress and mental health problems among healthcare workers experiencing psychological stress in a low-resource setting. SH+ was found to be an effective strategy for alleviating psychological stress and reducing symptoms of common mental problems. SH+ has the potential to be scaled-up as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of mental health problems in healthcare workers exposed to high levels of stress.
Volcanic Arc Weathering Rates in the Humid Tropics Controlled by the Interplay Between Physical Erosion and Precipitation
Authors: Moore Angus K. , Méndez Méndez Kimberly , Hughes K. Stephen , Granger Darryl E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVolcanic arcs are chemical weathering hotspots that may contribute disproportionately to global CO2 consumption through silicate weathering. Accurately modeling the impact of volcanic‐arc landscapes on the Earth's long‐term carbon cycle requires understanding how climate and physical erosion control weathering fluxes from arc landscapes. We evaluate these controls by examining the covariation of stream solutes, sediment geochemistry, and long‐term physical erosion fluxes inferred from cosmogenic 36Cl in magnetite in volcanic watersheds in Puerto Rico that span a ca. 15‐fold gradient in specific discharge. Analysis of this data using power‐law relationships demonstrates that CO2 consumption from arc‐rock weathering in the humid tropics is more strongly limited by physical erosion and the supply of primary minerals to the weathering zone than by temperature or the flux of fresh, chemically reactive waters through the critical zone. However, a positive correlation between long‐term physical erosion fluxes and specific discharge is also observed. This indicates that fresh mineral supply in arc environments may ultimately depend on precipitation rates, which may maintain a coupling between arc‐rock weathering fluxes and climate under principally supply limited weathering conditions.
Annual 10Be Record for 1510–1701 CE Obtained From Endogenic Travertine at Baishuitai, China: A New Proxy Record of Annual Solar Activity
Authors: Xu Hongyang , Miyahara Hiroko , Horiuchi Kazuho , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Zhao Xi , Gan Hailing , Luo Weijun , Meadows Michael E. , Zheng Xiangmin , Zhou Limin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 10Be record in laminated travertines is a potential proxy for reconstructing past solar activity down to the annual scale; however, correcting for the potential influence of climatic or environmental variations remains challenging. Here, we present an annually resolved 10Be record using travertines from Baishuitai, China, covering the period from 1510 to 1701 CE, along with environmental proxies, to evaluate climatic influences and implement corrections to accurately reconstruct solar activity. We demonstrate that the 10Be deposition in travertines exhibits two environmental impacts: the transport efficiency of atmospheric 10Be into travertine and the additional 10Be inflow from overland flow associated with rainfall. We show that these impacts can be corrected based on iron and potassium contents. The resulting corrected record agrees with ice‐core and tree‐ring records, demonstrating the feasibility of using such carbonate sediment 10Be records to reconstruct past solar activity.
Modeled Coastal‐Ocean Pathways of Land‐Sourced Contaminants in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence
Authors: Moulton Melissa , Zambon Joseph B. , Xue Z. George , Warner John C. , Bao Daoyang , Yin Dongxiao , Defne Zafer , He Ruoying , Hegermiller Christie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtreme precipitation during Hurricane Florence, which made landfall in North Carolina in September 2018, led to breaches of hog waste lagoons, coal ash pits, and wastewater facilities. In the weeks following the storm, freshwater discharge carried pollutants, sediment, organic matter, and debris to the coastal ocean, contributing to beach closures, algae blooms, hypoxia, and other ecosystem impacts. Here, the ocean pathways of land‐sourced contaminants following Hurricane Florence are investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with a river point source with fixed water properties from a hydrologic model (WRF‐Hydro) of the Cape Fear River Basin, North Carolina's largest watershed. Patterns of contaminant transport in the coastal ocean are quantified with a finite duration tracer release based on observed flooding of agricultural and industrial facilities. A suite of synthetic events also was simulated to investigate the sensitivity of the river plume transport pathways to river discharge and wind direction. The simulated Hurricane Florence discharge event led to westward (downcoast) transport of contaminants in a coastal current, along with intermittent storage and release of material in an offshore (bulge) or eastward (upcoast) region near the river mouth, modulated by alternating upwelling and downwelling winds. The river plume patterns led to a delayed onset and long duration of contaminants affecting beaches 100 km to the west, days to weeks after the storm. Maps of the onset and duration of hypothetical water quality hazards for a range of weather conditions may provide guidance to managers on the timing of swimming/shellfishing advisories and water quality sampling.
Influence of More Mechanistic Representation of Particle Dry Deposition on 1850–2000 Changes in Global Aerosol Burdens and Radiative Forcing
Authors: Clifton Olivia E. , Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Aleinov Igor , Cowan Tyler G. , Faluvegi Gregory , Kelley Maxwell 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRobust estimates of historical changes in aerosols are key for accurate constraints on climate sensitivity. Dry deposition is a primary sink of aerosols from the atmosphere. However, most global climate models do not accurately represent observed strong dependencies of dry deposition following turbulent transport on aerosol size. It is unclear whether there is a substantial impact of mischaracterized aerosol deposition velocities on historical aerosol changes. Here we describe improved mechanistic representation of aerosol dry deposition in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global climate model, ModelE, and illustrate the impact on 1850–2000 changes in global aerosol burdens as well as aerosol direct and cloud albedo effects using a set of 1850 and 2000 time slice simulations. We employ two aerosol configurations of ModelE (a “bulk” mass‐based configuration and a configuration that more explicitly represents aerosol size distributions, internal mixing, and microphysics) to explore how model structural differences in aerosol representation alter the response to representation of dry deposition. Both configurations show larger historical increases in the global burdens of non‐dust aerosols with the new dry deposition scheme, by 11% in the simpler mass‐based configuration and 23% in the more complex microphysical configuration. Historical radiative forcing responses, which vary in magnitude from 5% to 12% as well as sign, depend on the aerosol configuration.
Walking modulates visual detection performance according to stride cycle phase
Authors: Davidson Matthew J. , Verstraten Frans A. J. , Alais David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWalking is among our most frequent and natural of voluntary behaviours, yet the consequences of locomotion upon perceptual and cognitive function remain largely unknown. Recent work has highlighted that although walking feels smooth and continuous, critical phases exist within each step for the successful coordination of perceptual and motor function. Here, we test whether these phasic demands impact upon visual perception, by assessing performance in a visual detection task during natural unencumbered walking. We finely sample visual performance over the stride cycle as participants walk along a smooth linear path at a comfortable speed in a wireless virtual reality environment. At the group-level, accuracy, reaction times, and response likelihood show strong oscillations, modulating at approximately 2 cycles per stride (~2 Hz) with a marked phase of optimal performance aligned with the swing phase of each step. At the participant level, Bayesian inference of population prevalence reveals highly prevalent oscillations in visual detection performance that cluster in two idiosyncratic frequency ranges (2 or 4 cycles per stride), with a strong phase alignment across participants.
Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD+ salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity
Authors: Park Jae Woo , Park Se Eun , Koh Wuhyun , Jang Won Hee , Choi Jong Han , Roh Eun , Kang Gil Myoung , Kim Seong Jun , Lim Hyo Sun , Park Chae Beom , Jeong So Yeon , Moon Sang Yun , Lee Chan Hee , Kim Sang Yeob , Choi Hyung Jin , Min Se Hee , Lee C. Justin , Kim Min-Seon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ serves as a crucial coenzyme in numerous essential biological reactions, and its cellular availability relies on the activity of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-catalyzed salvage pathway. Here we show that treatment with saturated fatty acids activates the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of this pathway mitigates hypothalamic inflammation and attenuates the development of obesity in male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mechanistically, CD38 functions downstream of the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes burdened with excess fat. The activation of the astrocytic NAMPT–NAD+–CD38 axis in response to fat overload induces proinflammatory responses in the hypothalamus. It also leads to aberrantly activated basal Ca2+ signals and compromised Ca2+ responses to metabolic hormones such as insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide 1, ultimately resulting in dysfunctional hypothalamic astrocytes. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of the hypothalamic astrocytic NAD+ salvage pathway, along with its downstream CD38, to HFD-induced obesity.
DeepETPicker: Fast and accurate 3D particle picking for cryo-electron tomography using weakly supervised deep learning
Authors: Liu Guole , Niu Tongxin , Qiu Mengxuan , Zhu Yun , Sun Fei , Yang Ge 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo solve three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules in situ, large numbers of particles often need to be picked from cryo-electron tomograms. However, adoption of automated particle-picking methods remains limited because of their technical limitations. To overcome the limitations, we develop DeepETPicker, a deep learning model for fast and accurate picking of particles from cryo-electron tomograms. Training of DeepETPicker requires only weak supervision with low numbers of simplified labels, reducing the burden of manual annotation. The simplified labels combined with the customized and lightweight model architecture of DeepETPicker and accelerated pooling enable substantial performance improvement. When tested on simulated and real tomograms, DeepETPicker outperforms the competing state-of-the-art methods by achieving the highest overall accuracy and speed, which translate into higher authenticity and coordinates accuracy of picked particles and higher resolutions of final reconstruction maps. DeepETPicker is provided in open source with a user-friendly interface to support cryo-electron tomography in situ.
Pla2g12b drives expansion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
Authors: Thierer James H. , Foresti Ombretta , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Wilson Meredith H. , Moll Tabea O. C. , Shen Meng-Chieh , Busch-Nentwich Elisabeth M. , Morash Margaret , Mohlke Karen L. , Rawls John F. , Malhotra Vivek , Hussain M. Mahmood , Farber Steven A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVertebrates transport hydrophobic triglycerides through the circulatory system by packaging them within amphipathic particles called Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins. Yet, it remains largely unknown how triglycerides are loaded onto these particles. Mutations in Phospholipase A2 group 12B (PLA2G12B) are known to disrupt lipoprotein homeostasis, but its mechanistic role in this process remains unclear. Here we report that PLA2G12B channels lipids within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum into nascent lipoproteins. This activity promotes efficient lipid secretion while preventing excess accumulation of intracellular lipids. We characterize the functional domains, subcellular localization, and interacting partners of PLA2G12B, demonstrating that PLA2G12B is calcium-dependent and tightly associated with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. We also detect profound resistance to atherosclerosis in PLA2G12B mutant mice, suggesting an evolutionary tradeoff between triglyceride transport and cardiovascular disease risk. Here we identify PLA2G12B as a key driver of triglyceride incorporation into vertebrate lipoproteins.
Epigenetic profiling reveals key genes and cis-regulatory networks specific to human parathyroids
Authors: Jung Youngsook Lucy , Zhao Wenping , Li Ian , Jain Dhawal , Epstein Charles B. , Bernstein Bradley E. , Parangi Sareh , Sherwood Richard , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Park Peter J. , Mannstadt Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn all terrestrial vertebrates, the parathyroid glands are critical regulators of calcium homeostasis and the sole source of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism are clinically important disorders affecting multiple organs. However, our knowledge regarding regulatory mechanisms governing the parathyroids has remained limited. Here, we present the comprehensive maps of the chromatin landscape of the human parathyroid glands, identifying active regulatory elements and chromatin interactions. These data allow us to define regulatory circuits and previously unidentified genes that play crucial roles in parathyroid biology. We experimentally validate candidate parathyroid-specific enhancers and demonstrate their integration with GWAS SNPs for parathyroid-related diseases and traits. For instance, we observe reduced activity of a parathyroid-specific enhancer of the Calcium Sensing Receptor gene, which contains a risk allele associated with higher PTH levels compared to the wildtype allele. Our datasets provide a valuable resource for unraveling the mechanisms governing parathyroid gland regulation in health and disease.
Single-cell profiling identifies IL1Bhi macrophages associated with inflammation in PD-1 inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Zhou Ziyue , Zhou Xiaoxiang , Jiang Xu , Yang Bo , Lu Xin , Fei Yunyun , Zhao Lidan , Chen Hua , Zhang Li , Si Xiaoyan , Liang Naixin , Wang Yadong , Yang Dan , Peng Yezi , Yang Yiying , Yao Zhuoran , He Yangzhige , Wu Xunyao , Zhang Wen , Wang Min , Yang Huaxia , Zhang Xuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInflammatory arthritis (IA) is a common rheumatic adverse event following immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment. The clinical disparities between IA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) imply disease heterogeneity and distinct mechanisms, which remain elusive. Here, we profile CD45+ cells from the peripheral blood or synovial fluid (SF) of patients with PD-1-induced IA (PD-1-IA) or RA using single-cell RNA sequencing. We report the predominant expansion of IL1Bhi myeloid cells with enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activity, in both the SF and peripheral blood of PD-1-IA, but not RA. IL1Bhi macrophages in the SF of PD-1-IA shared similar inflammatory signatures and might originate from peripheral IL1Bhi monocytes. Exhausted CD8+ T cells (Texs) significantly accumulated in the SF of patients with PD-1-IA. IL1Bhi myeloid cells communicated with CD8+ Texs possibly via the CCR1-CCL5/CCL3 and CXCL10-CXCR3 axes. Collectively, these results demonstrate different cellular and molecular pathways in PD-1-IA and RA and highlight IL1Bhi macrophages as a possible therapeutic target in PD-1-IA.
Structural insights into IL-11-mediated signalling and human IL6ST variant-associated immunodeficiency
Authors: Gardner Scott , Jin Yibo , Fyfe Paul K. , Voisin Tomas B. , Bellón Junel Sotolongo , Pohler Elizabeth , Piehler Jacob , Moraga Ignacio , Bubeck Doryen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIL-11 and IL-6 activate signalling via assembly of the cell surface receptor gp130; however, it is unclear how signals are transmitted across the membrane to instruct cellular responses. Here we solve the cryoEM structure of the IL-11 receptor recognition complex to discover how differences in gp130-binding interfaces may drive signalling outcomes. We explore how mutations in the IL6ST gene encoding for gp130, which cause severe immune deficiencies in humans, impair signalling without blocking cytokine binding. We use cryoEM to solve structures of both IL-11 and IL-6 complexes with a mutant form of gp130 associated with human disease. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the disease-associated variant led to an increase in flexibility including motion within the cytokine-binding core and increased distance between extracellular domains. However, these distances are minimized as the transmembrane helix exits the membrane, suggesting a stringency in geometry for signalling and dimmer switch mode of action.
Fast topographic optical imaging using encoded search focal scan
Authors: Vilar Narcís , Artigas Roger , Duocastella Martí , Carles Guillem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA central quest in optics is to rapidly extract quantitative information from a sample. Existing topographical imaging tools allow non-contact and three-dimensional measurements at the micro and nanoscales and are essential in applications including precision engineering and optical quality control. However, these techniques involve acquiring a focal stack of images, a time-consuming process that prevents measurement of moving samples. Here, we propose a method for increasing the speed of topographic imaging by orders of magnitude. Our approach involves collecting a reduced set of images, each integrated during the full focal scan, whilst the illumination is synchronously modulated during exposure. By properly designing the modulation sequence for each image, unambiguous reconstruction of the object height map is achieved using far fewer images than conventional methods. We describe the theoretical foundations of our technique, characterise its performance, and demonstrate sub-micrometric topographic imaging over 100 µm range of static and dynamic systems at rates as high as 67 topographies per second, limited by the camera frame rate. The high speed of the technique and its ease of implementation could enable a paradigm shift in optical metrology, allowing the real-time characterisation of large or rapidly moving samples.