bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of frost damage on the quality of canola(B. napus)
Authors: Daun J. K. , Clear K. M. , Mills J. T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSamples of frost‐damaged rapeseed from the 1982 Western Canadian Crop were tested for oil content, protein content, fat acidity, chlorophyll content, fatty acid composition, glucosinolate content, conductivity and germination. These quality factors were related to two frost‐related damage factors, green seeds and external “frost‐damage,” used in the Canadian grain grading system. The green seed factor was positively correlated with chlorophyll, free fatty acids and conductivity, and a negative correlation was found with linolenic acid, iodine value and germination. The frost‐damage factor was positively correlated with conductivity, free fatty acids and palmitic acid and negatively correlated with linolenic acid, iodine value, oil content and germination. The effects of frost damage were explained by assuming that the seed maturation process was halted due to freezing.
Chlorinated long‐chain fatty acids. Their properties and reactions. XII. The dechlorination pathways of sodium 9(10)‐chloro‐10(9)‐oxooctadecanoates in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
Authors: Ketola M. , Leskinen U. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe dechlorination pathways of the equal mixture of 9‐chloro‐10‐oxo‐and 10‐chloro‐9‐oxooctadecanoic acids in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were investigated. The reaction product mixture of these acids, isolated after dechlorination, was found to contain α‐hydroxyoxo and long‐chain alkanedioic acids at a weight ratio of 15 to 1. The most abundant compounds formed were 9‐hydroxy‐10‐oxo and 10‐hydroxy‐9‐oxooctadecanoic acids. The minor reaction products consisted of Favorskii rearrangement products, 2‐heptyl‐1,11‐undecanedioic, 2‐octyl‐1,10‐decanedioic and 2‐nonyl‐1,9‐nonanedioic acids. On the other hand, the expected α,β‐unsaturated oxoacids could not be detected in the reaction product mixture.
Crystal Structure of Hydrogenated Canola Oil
Authors: Naguib‐Mostafa A. , Smith A. K. , deMan J. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractScanning electron microscopy was used to study the crystal structure of hydrogenated Canola oil. Fixation of the samples was carried out at 10 C using osmium tetroxide vapor in a sealed container. Tristearin was used as a standard and was prepared in its three reported polymorphic forms α, β′ and β. Crystallization from ethyl acetate gave either a mixture of β′ and β or pure β′ polymorphic forms depending on the concentration of tristearin. Micrographs of these forms were obtained showing the morphology of the crystals. A Canola sample which was selectively hydrogenated to an iodine value of 70 was detergent fractionated, washed, dried and subjected to the same fixation procedure. Micrographs were obtained of its predominant β‐polymorphic form.
Lipid methodology — Chromatography and beyond. Part III. Analyses of natural and2H‐labeled glycerolipids by GC/MS and LC/MS with specific enzymic hydrolyses
Authors: Kuksis A. , Myher J. J. , Marai L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the concluding part of this series, the authors review recent attempts to adopt combinations of chromatography with other complementary analytical techniques to the study of stable isotope‐labeled molecules as tracers of glycerolipid metabolism. It is shown that LC/MS in combination with specific enzymic hydrolyses has special advantages for this purpose. Using deuterium‐labeled non‐lipid precursors, effective labeling of both newly synthesized fatty acids and glycerol has been obtained and their molecular association and positional distribution (fatty acids) in the newly formed glycerolipid molecules has been determined as an indicator of the metabolic pathways involved. The above experimental routines extend the analytical lipid methodology beyond the capabilities of chromatography and radio‐chromatography with or without complementary enzymatic analyses.The studies reviewed in the present part and in the previous two parts of this series provide outlines for a potential practical assessment of the various metabolic pathways of glycerolipids, including the identification and quantitation of the true precursor and product pools involved in specific biosynthetic or degradative transformations. Such investigations have not been possible in the past by chromatographic or radio‐chromatographic means. Some of the problems that remain may be subject to solution by means of GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS. It is hoped that the new and improved methodology will be matched in the future by comparable advances in the sampling of plasma and cellular components, in selected isotope labeling of the de novo products, and by improvements in the overall design of the metabolic experiments. Although the extension of lipid methodology beyond chromatography has greatly simplified the demands of the experimental design, it is obvious that improved experimental design and sampling techniques will result in further advances in the quality of the observations and in the understanding of lipid metabolism.
Lipids in margarines and margarine‐like foods
Authors: Slover H. T. , Thompson R. H. , Davis C. S. , Merola G. V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe lipid composition of margarines from stores in selected locations in the U.S. is reported. The lipids determined include the fatty acids, tocopherols and major plant sterols. Data are included for isomeric octadecenoic fatty acids (14 isomers or groups of isomers) and four isomeric octadecadienoic fatty acids common in partially hydrogenated vegetable fats, insofar as these are separable by capillary gas chromatography. Amounts of individual lipids found in vegetable oil margarines, spreads, imitation and diet margarines were: palmitate, 8.49 to 13.17% (normalized weight percent, calculated as triglyceride); stearate, 4.78 to 9.53%; linoleate, 6.06 to 46.39%; linolenate, 0.18 to 3.57%; α‐tocopherol, 0.3 to 24.3 mg/100g; γ‐tocopherol, 3.0 to 55.0 mg/100g; δ‐tocopherol, 0.5 to 18.9 mg/100g; campesterol, 10.6 to 106.3 mg/100g; stigmasterol, 13.1 to 60.9 mg/100g; sitosterol, 42.3 to 412.9 mg/100g. Amounts oftrans‐unsaturated octadecenoic fatty acids in these margarines varied from 10.74 to 30.06%. Small amounts of thetrans,trans, trans,cis andcis,trans isomers of linoleate also are reported.
Analysis of lipids by high performance liquid chromatography—chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Erdahl W. L. , Privett O. S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe apparatus and techniques for the analysis of lipids by high performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with computer controlled chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry are presented. The interfaces between the liquid chromatograph and the mass spectrometer and between the computer and the mass spectrometer are described. The identification of lipid classes separated by adsorption chromatography and molecular species by reverse phase chromatography also is presented. The techniques are applied to reference compounds and to examples of plant and animal lipids.
Refining, bleaching and hydrogenating meat fats
Authors: Latondress E. G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMeat fats are most often steam refined. This has been the accepted practice for at least 35 years. Meat fats are caustic refined for a few specialized products. The caustic refining conditions differ from those used for vegetable oils primarily in the amount of mixing used after the addition of caustic.Bleaching of meat fats is accomplished easily. Most meat fats are light in color and require clarification more than bleaching. The green color of tallows containing large amounts of chlorophyll is easily removed with activated earth.Meat fats are hydrogenated to develop the SFI curves needed for various products and also are hydrogenated to saturation for use as plasticizing agents. The hydrogenation of lard and tallow is not as complicated as that of most vegetable oils, because the original fat is more saturated and the reaction has fewer possible routes to follow.
Fluorination of methyl ricinolate with N,N‐diethyl‐1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropylamine
Authors: Watanabe S. , Fujita T. , Usui Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFluorination of methyl ricinolate (I) with N,N‐diethyl‐1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoroprophylamine (PPDA) was attempted to give methyl 12‐fluoro‐9‐octadecenoate (II) in 61% yield.
Peritonectomy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Long‐Term Outcomes from a Single Brazilian Institution
Authors: Akaishi Eduardo , Teixeira Frederico , Katayama Marcelo , Mizumoto Nelson , Costa Frederico P. , Buzaid Antonio Carlos , Hoff Paulo M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of a single institution, Hospital Sírio‐Libanes in São Paulo, Brazil, regarding the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.MethodsBetween October 2002 and October 2006, 46 consecutive patients were treated with radical cytoreduction and hyperthermic peritoneal chemotherapy. There were 21 patients with peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM) from colorectal origin (among whom 8 had an appendiceal primary), 15 with ovarian carcinomas, 2 with primary peritoneal mesotheliomas, and 8 with other cancers. The median age was 49 years (range 18–77 years). All patients were followed for a median of 20 months. Demographic data, tumor histology, the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI), operative procedures (extension of resection, lymphadenectomy), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) characteristics (drugs, temperature, duration) were prospectively recorded. Perioperative mortality and morbidity and the long‐term outcome were assessed.ResultsComplete cytoreduction was achieved in 45 patients. The median PCI was 11, and the mean operating time was 17 h. There were no procedure‐related deaths, but major morbidity was observed in 52% and included fistulas, abscesses, and hematologic complications. The overall Kaplan–Meier 4‐year estimated survival was 56%. Among patients with PSM from colorectal carcinoma, the estimated 3‐year survival was 70%. Nine (42%) patients had a recurrence, three with peritoneal disease. The median disease‐free‐interval was 16 months. The ovarian cancer patients had an estimated 4‐year survival rate of 75% and median disease‐free survival duration of 21 months.ConclusionsCytoreductive surgery with HIPEC may improve survival of selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, with acceptable morbidity.
Coevolution of dispersal in a parasitoid–host system
Authors: Green Darren Michael 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInterspecific interactions and the evolution of dispersal are both of interest when considering the potential impact of habitat fragmentation on community ecology, but the interaction between these processes is not well studied. We address this by considering the coevolution of dispersal strategies in a host–parasitoid system. An individual‐based host–parasitoid metapopulation model was constructed for a patchy environment, allowing for evolution in dispersal rates of both species. Highly rarefied environments with few suitable patches selected against dispersal in both species, as did relatively static environments. Provided that parasitoids persist, all the variables studied led to stable equilibria in dispersal rates for both species. There was a tendency toward higher dispersal rates in parasitoids because of the asymmetric relationships of the two species to the patches: vacant patches are most valuable for hosts, but unsuitable for parasitoids, which require an established host population to reproduce. High host dispersal rate was favoured by high host population growth rate, and in the parasitoid by high growth rates in both species.
Peripheral neuropathy in a patient with d‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Authors: Haliloglu G. , Temucin C. M. , Oguz K. K. , Celiker A. , Coskun T. , Sass J. O. , Fischer J. , Topcu M. 
Published: January 2009

Summaryd‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D‐2‐HGA; OMIM 600721) is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder with a wide clinical spectrum. The severe phenotype is homogeneous and is characterized by early infantile‐onset epileptic encephalopathy with hypotonia, delayed cerebral visual development, cardiomyopathy and facial dysmorphic features. The mild phenotype has a more variable clinical expression with hypotonia and developmental delay. We present peripheral neuropathy as an additional clinical and electrophysiological feature in a 16‐year‐old boy with a homozygous missense mutation in exon 3 of the d‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene (D2HGDH) at position c.458T>C. This mutation results in replacement of a methionine residue, which was highly conserved during evolution, by threonine (p.Met153Thr).
Sequence variants in four candidate genes (NIPSNAP1, GBAS, CHCHD1 and METT11D1) in patients with combined oxidative phosphorylation system deficiencies
Authors: Smits P. , Rodenburg R. J. , Smeitink J. A. M. , den van Heuvel L. P. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, comprising five enzyme complexes, is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria and is the final biochemical pathway in oxidative ATP production. Defects in this energy‐generating system can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms; these diseases are often progressive and multisystemic. Numerous genes have been implicated in OXPHOS deficiencies and many mutations have been described. However, in a substantial number of patients with decreased enzyme activities of two or more OXPHOS complexes, no mutations in the mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes known to be involved in these disorders have been found. In this study, four nuclear candidate genes—NIPSNAP1, GBAS, CHCHD1 and METT11D1—were screened for mutations in 22 patients with a combined enzymatic deficiency of primarily the OXPHOS complexes I, III and IV to determine whether a mutation in one of these genes could explain the mitochondrial disorder. For each variant not yet reported as a polymorphism, 100 control samples were screened for the presence of the variant. This way we identified 14 new polymorphisms and 2 presumably non‐pathogenic mutations. No mutations were found that could explain the mitochondrial disorder in the patients investigated in this study. Therefore, the genetic defect in these patients must be located in other nuclear genes involved in mtDNA maintenance, transcription or translation, in import, processing or degradation of nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins, or in assembly of the OXPHOS system.
Consumers’ Desire towards Current and Prospective Reproductive Genetic Testing
Authors: Hathaway Feighanne , Burns Esther , Ostrer Harry 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAs our knowledge and abilities in molecular genetics continues to expand, so does our ability to detect certain conditions/traits prenatally; however, it is unknown if this increase in scientific ability will be utilized by the consumers of genetic services. Our study gauges the consumers’ opinion towards reproductive testing for diseases and enhancements. Prior to their initial visit with a genetic counselor, patients were asked to participate in a survey. These consumers were asked to indicate traits and conditions for which they would choose reproductive genetic testing. The majority of respondents would elect to have prenatal genetic testing for mental retardation (75%), deafness (54%), blindness (56%), heart disease (52%), and cancer (51%). Our results indicated that 49.3% would choose testing for a condition that resulted in death by 5 years of age, whereas only 41.1%, 24.9%, and 19% would choose testing for conditions that results in death by 20, 40, and 50 years of age, respectively. Most respondents did not desire testing for enhancements (e.g. 13% would choose testing for superior intelligence). Our study suggests that consumers desire more reproductive genetic testing than what is currently offered; however, their selection of tests suggests self‐imposed limits on testing.
High-yield Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube by Mechanothermal Method
Authors: Manafi SA , Amin MH , Rahimipour MR , Salahi E , Kazemzadeh A 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This study reports on the mechanothermal synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) from elemental graphite powder. Initially, high ultra-active graphite powder can be obtained by mechanical milling under argon atmosphere. Finally, the mechanical activation product is heat-treated at 1350°C for 2–4 h under argon gas flow. After heat-treatment, active graphite powders were successfully changed into MWCNTs with high purity. The XRD analyses showed that in the duration 150 h of milling, all the raw materials were changed to the desired materials. From the broadening of the diffraction lines in the XRD patterns, it was concluded that the graphite crystallites were nanosized, and raising the milling duration resulted in the fineness of the particles and the increase of the strain. The structure and morphology of MWCNTs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The yield of MWCNTs was estimated through SEM and TEM observations of the as-prepared samples was to be about 90%. Indeed, mechanothermal method is of interest for fundamental understanding and improvement of commercial synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). As a matter of fact, the method of mechanothermal guarantees the production of MWCNTs suitable for different applications.
Lithography-Free Fabrication of Large Area Subwavelength Antireflection Structures Using Thermally Dewetted Pt/Pd Alloy Etch Mask
Authors: Lee Youngjae , Koh Kisik , Na Hyungjoo , Kim Kwanoh , Kang Jeong-Jin , Kim Jongbaeg 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We have demonstrated lithography-free, simple, and large area fabrication method for subwavelength antireflection structures (SAS) to achieve low reflectance of silicon (Si) surface. Thin film of Pt/Pd alloy on a Si substrate is melted and agglomerated into hemispheric nanodots by thermal dewetting process, and the array of the nanodots is used as etch mask for reactive ion etching (RIE) to form SAS on the Si surface. Two critical parameters, the temperature of thermal dewetting processes and the duration of RIE, have been experimentally studied to achieve very low reflectance from SAS. All the SAS have well-tapered shapes that the refractive index may be changed continuously and monotonously in the direction of incident light. In the wavelength range from 350 to 1800 nm, the measured reflectance of the fabricated SAS averages out to 5%. Especially in the wavelength range from 550 to 650 nm, which falls within visible light, the measured reflectance is under 0.01%.
In‐Situ X‐Ray Studies of Cocoa Butter Droplets Undergoing Simulated Spray Freezing
Authors: Pore M. , Seah H. H. , Glover J. W. H. , Holmes D. J. , Johns M. L. , Wilson D. I. , Moggridge G. D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSpray freezing offers a novel manufacturing route to fine powders with controlled crystalline structures. Here we simulate this process by freezing (using a cold dry air flow) suspended 2‐mm diameter droplets of cocoa butter such that X‐ray diffraction observation of the droplet’s evolving crystalline structure is possible in situ. Initially the Form I polymorph is observed in the droplets: this transforms to Form II over a few minutes and then to Form III over a few hours, even at 0 °C. If the droplet is then warmed to 24 °C, further transformation to Form IV and then Form V occur over approximately 2 h. These phase transformations are similar to those which would be expected in a bulk cocoa butter sample, but occur significantly faster in the droplets. Small crystal sizes in the frozen droplet, resulting from the droplet’s low Biot number (and thus even temperature distribution), is postulated as being the cause for the unexpectedly rapid evolution in the crystal habit.
Feed‐back regulation of successive meiotic cytokinesis
Authors: Shamina Natalia V. , Zharkov Nikolai A. , Omelyanchuk Leonid V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe paper considers a number of abnormal phenotypes with impaired temporal regulation of cytokinesis during the meiotic division of pollen mother cells. The phenomenon of “non‐stop” cytokinesis with blocked arrest of the phragmoplast centrifugal motion and cell plate growth as well as incomplete and premature cytokinesis are described. The obtained data suggested a model for regulation of the processes involved in the arrest of the main cytokinesis processes during its completion in the plant meiosis.
Self-Care Behaviour and Factors Associated with Patient Outcomes Following Same-Day Discharge Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lauck Sandra , Johnson Joy L. , Ratner Pamela A. 
Published: January 2009

Background: The demand for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exerts constant pressure on health care systems to meet the growing needs of patients. The practice of same-day discharge PCI has emerged as a medically safe option to optimize resource utilization and improve access to care. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe elective same-day discharge PCI patients' self-care behaviour in the two to five days following their procedure, and the factors associated with cardiac self-efficacy (CSE) and self-care agency (SCA). Methods: Using a cross-sectional correlational design, 98 consecutive patients were contacted by telephone, following PCI, and asked about their CSE, SCA, and adherence to discharge recommendations. Associations between selected variables were explored through multiple regression analysis. Results: The findings revealed a high degree of adherence to discharge recommendations, although participants' appreciation of the long term management of their chronic disease was limited. Factors associated with lower levels of CSE and SCA included the burden of having additional chronic co-morbidities, living alone and lacking social support, and a positive screening for psychosocial distress. Conclusion: Same-day discharge PCI presents a sustainable option for delivery of care for most patients. Some clients may require additional support to manage the transition between acute intervention and chronic disease management.
Consumer decision making and aging: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Yoon Carolyn , Cole Catherine A. , Lee Michelle P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe review existing knowledge about older consumers and decision making. We develop a conceptual framework that incorporates the notion of fit between individual characteristics, task demands and the contextual environment. When the fit is high, older consumers use their considerable knowledge and experience to compensate for the impact of any age‐related changes in abilities and resources. When the fit is relatively low, older consumers feel increased need to adapt their decision making processes. We discuss these consumer adaptations and propose a number of research questions related to the processes underlying them in order to contribute to a better understanding of how they can lead to more effective consumer decision making for older adults. We further consider some pragmatic implications of the adaptations for marketing management and public policy.