bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven healthcare indicators via precision gaming: With application to India
Authors: Huang Chih-Hao , Mohandas Namita , Raj Aparna , Howard Susan , Batarseh Feras A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrecision healthcare is an emerging field of science that utilizes an individual’s health information, context, and genetics to provide more personalized diagnostics and treatments. In this manuscript, we leverage that concept and present a group of machine learning models for precision gaming. These predictive models guide adolescents through best practices related to their health. The use case deployed is for girls in India through a mobile application released in three different Indian states. To evaluate the usability of the models, experiments are designed and data (demographic, behavioral, and health-related) are collected. The experimental results are presented and discussed.
The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis
Authors: Wong Ming Yu Claudia , Yuan Guangzhe Frank , Liu Caimeng , Lam Stanley Kam Ki , Fung Hong Wang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The classification of internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a mental condition for further study in 2013 marked the emerging recognition of potential mental health issues associated with internet and gaming addiction. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid growth of gaming technology have combined to increase internet gaming, resulting in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, poor sleep quality and psychological distress. Identifying the complex interplay between internet problem use, sleep disorders and psychological distress is crucial. However, it remains unclear how physical activity and self-compassion could improve sleep quality when individuals experience IGD symptoms. The current study, therefore, examined the relationships between IGD, sleep quality, self-compassion, physical activity and psychological distress using a path analysis approach. The study, targeting young adults (N = 283), found that physical activity played a significant role in connecting the variables and supporting the overall fit of the model. The results suggest that interventions targeting individuals with IGD should focus on promoting physical activity participation and developing self-compassion. Future research should continue to investigate the effectiveness of clinical interventions that incorporate self-compassion and physical activity counseling for individuals with IGD.
“Early in the morning, there’s tolerance and later in the day it disappears” – The intersection of resource scarcity, stress and stigma in mental health and substance use care in South Africa
Authors: Hines Abigail C. , Rose Alexandra L. , Regenauer Kristen S. , Brown Imani , Johnson Kim , Bonumwezi Jessica , Ndamase Sibabalwe , Ciya Nonceba , Magidson Jessica F. , Myers Bronwyn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Stress is a challenge among non-specialist health workers worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. Understanding and targeting stress is critical for supporting non-specialists and their patients, as stress negatively affects patient care. Further, stigma toward mental health and substance use conditions also impacts patient care. However, there is little information on the intersection of these factors. This sub-analysis aims to explore how substance use and mental health stigma intersect with provider stress and resource constraints to influence the care of people with HIV/TB. We conducted semi-structured interviews (N=30) with patients (n=15) and providers (n=15, non-specialist health workers) within a low-resource community in Cape Town, South Africa. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three key themes were identified: (1) resource constraints negatively affect patient care and contribute to non-specialist stress; (2) in the context of stress, non-specialists are hesitant to work with patients with mental health or substance use concerns, who they view as more demanding and (3) stress contributes to provider stigma, which negatively impacts patient care. Findings highlight the need for multilevel interventions targeting both provider stress and stigma toward people with mental health and substance use concerns, especially within the context of non-specialist-delivered mental health services in low-resource settings.
Random pinhole attenuator for high-power laser beams
Authors: Park Seong Cheol , Yun Hyeok , Yoon Jin Woo , Lee Seong Ku , Sung Jae Hee , Choi Il Woo , Nam Chang Hee , Kim Kyung Taec 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The intensity attenuation of a high-power laser is a frequent task in the measurements of optical science. Laser intensity can be attenuated by inserting an optical element, such as a partial reflector, polarizer or absorption filter. These devices are, however, not always easily applicable, especially in the case of ultra-high-power lasers, because they can alter the characteristics of a laser beam or become easily damaged. In this study, we demonstrated that the intensity of a laser beam could be effectively attenuated using a random pinhole attenuator (RPA), a device with randomly distributed pinholes, without changing the beam properties. With this device, a multi-PW laser beam was successfully attenuated and the focused beam profile was measured without any alterations of its characteristics. In addition, it was confirmed that the temporal profile of a laser pulse, including the spectral phase, was preserved. Consequently, the RPA possesses significant potential for a wide range of applications.
New grating compressor designs for XCELS and SEL-100 PW projects
Authors: Khazanov Efim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The problem of optimizing the parameters of a laser pulse compressor consisting of four identical diffraction gratings is solved analytically. The goal of optimization is to obtain maximum pulse power, completely excluding both beam clipping on gratings and the appearance of spurious diffraction orders. The analysis is carried out in a general form for an out-of-plane compressor. Two particular ‘plane’ cases attractive from a practical point of view are analyzed in more detail: a standard Treacy compressor (TC) and a compressor with an angle of incidence equal to the Littrow angle (LC). It is shown that in both cases the LC is superior to the TC. Specifically, for 160-cm diffraction gratings, optimal LC design enables 107 PW for XCELS and 111 PW for SEL-100 PW, while optimal TC design enables 86 PW for both projects.
Development of an ultrathin liquid sheet target for laser ion acceleration at high repetition rates in the kilohertz range
Authors: Füle M. , Kovács A. P. , Gilinger T. , Karnok M. , Gaál P. , Figul S. , Marowsky G. , Osvay K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A colliding microjet liquid sheet target system was developed and tested for pairs of round nozzles of 10, 11 and 18 μm in diameter. The sheet’s position stability was found to be better than a few micrometers. Upon interaction with 50 mJ laser pulses, the 18 μm jet has a resonance amplitude of 16 μm at a repetition rate of 33 Hz, while towards 100 Hz it converges to 10 μm for all nozzles. A white-light interferometric system was developed to measure the liquid sheet thickness in the target chamber both in air and in vacuum, with a measurement range of 182 nm–1 μm and an accuracy of ±3%. The overall shape and 3D shape of the sheet follow the Hasson–Peck model in air. In vacuum versus air, the sheet gradually loses 10% of its thickness, so the thinnest sheet achieved was below 200 nm at a vacuum level of 10–4 mbar, and remained stable for several hours of operation.
Terminus thinning drives recent acceleration of a Greenlandic lake-terminating outlet glacier
Authors: Holt Ed , Nienow Peter , Medina-Lopez Encarni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ice-contact proglacial lakes affect ice dynamics and the transition of glacier termini from land- to lake-terminating has been shown to cause ice flow acceleration. In recent decades, the number and size of Greenlandic ice-marginal lakes has increased, highlighting the need to further understand these lake-terminating ice-margins as their influence on ice sheet mass balance increases. Here, time series of satellite-derived observations of ice velocity, surface elevation, and terminus position were generated at a lake-terminating outlet glacier, Isortuarsuup Sermia, and the nearby land-terminating Kangaasarsuup Sermia in south-west Greenland. At Isortuarsuup Sermia, annual surface velocity at the terminus increased by a factor of 2.5 to 214 ± 4 m yr−1 (2013–2021), with the magnitude of this acceleration declining with distance up-glacier. Meanwhile, near-terminus surface elevation changed at a rate of −2.3 ± 1.1 m yr−1 (2012–2021). Conversely, velocity change at Kangaasarsuup Sermia was minimal, while surface elevation change was approximately half at comparable elevations (−1.2 ± 0.3 m yr−1). We attribute these dynamic differences to thinning at Isortuarsuup Sermia and subsequent retreat from a stabilising sublacustrine moraine, and emphasise the potential of proglacial lakes to enhance future rates of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Law and scale: lessons from Northern Ireland and Brexit
Authors: de Mars Sylvia , O'Donoghue Aoife 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAll aspects of law possess scaler elements, but critiques from the ‘politics of scale’, a concept well established in political geography, remain rare in legal analysis. Brexit, especially as regards Northern Ireland, provides a key opportunity to consider scaler analysis both in a descriptive and theoretical sense. Scale deepens our understanding of how law co-constitutes multiple scales but also highlights where a flat understanding of law tied to vertical jurisdictional frames foils attempts to garner a full understanding of its operation. Northern Ireland, a legal and political space that from one perspective lends itself to an apparently clear-cut vertical description of legal scales, actually presents a rich space where networked, rhetorical and nodular scales and structures continuously (re)contest scaled solutions. The Brexit outcome of what used to be known as the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland and is now known as the Windsor Framework – and specifically how the Framework is intended to operate in practice – provides an opportunity to not only understand Northern Ireland within a scale and law frame, but also to highlight the shortcomings of law's traditional scaler approach and what lessons may be learned when analysing or engaging with the intersection of law and politics in similar future situations.
Professors of racial medicine: imperialism and race in nineteenth-century United States medical schools
Authors: Willoughby Christopher D. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines some of the racist features of nineteenth-century medical school curricula in the United States and the imperial networks necessary to acquire the data and specimens that underpinned this part of medical education, which established hierarchies between human races and their relationship to the natural environment. It shows how, in a world increasingly linked by trade and colonialism, medical schools were founded in the United States and grew as the country developed its own imperial ambitions. Taking advantage of the global reach of empires, a number of medical professors in different states, such as Daniel Drake, Josiah Nott and John Collins Warren, who donated his anatomical collection to Harvard Medical School on his retirement in 1847, began to develop racial theories that naturalised slavery and emerging imperialism as part of their medical teaching.
A proposal for an updated and revised stratigraphical framework of the Miocene in the Achterhoek (eastern Netherlands)
Authors: Munsterman Dirk K. , Van den Bosch Maarten , Wesselingh Frank P. , Helwerda Marian , Busschers Freek S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The comprehensive overview of Neogene lithostratigraphy in the eastern Netherlands dates back to the mid-1970s. In the present study, continuous gamma-ray logs and in situ sediment core samples from six boreholes in the area allowed palynological and mollusc analyses and wireline log-based correlation. These investigations were aimed at updating and revising the existing Neogene lithostratigraphy within the Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Netherlands by integrating litho-, bio-, and sequence-stratigraphic approaches. The analytical results yielded the establishment of new holo- and lectostratotype sections, together with cross-border interregional correlation. The lithostratigraphic revision resulted in the modified definition of the Aalten, Eibergen and Delden members and the definition of two new proposed members: the Dale and Doetinchem members. The Ticheloven bed, removed in earlier studies, is proposed to be reinstated, and the Stemerdink Bed is upgraded in its hierarchical status to the Stemerdink member. All lithostratigraphic units are included in the present Miocene subdivision of the Groote Heide and Diessen formations, which include three recognisable unconformities: the Early-Miocene Unconformity (EMU), Mid-Miocene Unconformity (MMU) and Late-Miocene Unconformity (LMU). The new, revised, reintroduced and existing local lithostratigraphic units and sequences are discussed with their counterparts in the south and southeast of the Netherlands, in Germany and Belgium, and from this a regionally consistent framework has emerged of the regional Neogene lithostratigraphy.
Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU): A pilot search for diffuse, non-thermal radio emission in galaxy clusters with the Australian SKA Pathfinder
Authors: Duchesne S.W. , Botteon A. , Koribalski B.S. , Loi F. , Rajpurohit K. , Riseley C.J. , Rudnick L. , Vernstrom T. , Andernach H. , Hopkins A.M. , Kapinska A.D. , Norris R.P. , Zafar T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Clusters of galaxies have been found to host Mpc-scale diffuse, non-thermal radio emission in the form of central radio halos and peripheral relics. Turbulence and shock-related processes in the intra-cluster medium are generally considered responsible for the emission, though details of these processes are still not clear. The low surface brightness makes detection of the emission a challenge, but with recent surveys with high-sensitivity radio telescopes we are beginning to build large samples of these sources. The Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) is a Southern Sky survey being performed by the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) over the next few years and is well-suited to detect and characterise such emission. To assess prospects of the full survey, we have performed a pilot search of diffuse sources in 71 clusters from the Planck Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) cluster catalogue (PSZ2) found in archival ASKAP observations. After re-imaging the archival data and performing both (u, v)-plane and image-plane angular scale filtering, we detect 21 radio halos (12 for the first time, excluding an additional six candidates), 11 relics (in seven clusters, and six for the first time, excluding a further five candidate relics), along with 12 other, unclassified diffuse radio sources. From these detections, we predict the full EMU survey will uncover up to

$\approx 254$

radio halos and

$\approx 85$

radio relics in the 858 PSZ2 clusters that will be covered by EMU. The percentage of clusters found to host diffuse emission in this work is similar to the number reported in recent cluster surveys with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey [Botteon, et al. 2022a, A&A, 660, A78], suggesting EMU will complement similar searches being performed in the Northern Sky and provide us with statistically significant samples of halos and relics at the completion of the full survey. This work presents the first step towards large samples of the diffuse radio sources in Southern Sky clusters with ASKAP and eventually the SKA.
RG-CAT: Detection pipeline and catalogue of radio galaxies in the EMU pilot survey
Authors: Gupta Nikhel , Norris Ray P. , Hayder Zeeshan , Huynh Minh , Petersson Lars , Rosalind Wang X. , Hopkins Andrew M. , Andernach Heinz , Gordon Yjan , Riggi Simone , Yew Miranda , Crawford Evan J. , Koribalski Bärbel , Filipović Miroslav D. , Kapińska Anna D. , Shabala Stanislav , Vernstrom Tessa , Marvil Joshua R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present source detection and catalogue construction pipelines to build the first catalogue of radio galaxies from the 270$\rm deg^2$pilot survey of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU-PS) conducted with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The detection pipeline uses Gal-DINO computer vision networks (Gupta et al. 2024, PASA, 41, e001) to predict the categories of radio morphology and bounding boxes for radio sources, as well as their potential infrared host positions. The Gal-DINO network is trained and evaluated on approximately 5 000 visually inspected radio galaxies and their infrared hosts, encompassing both compact and extended radio morphologies. We find that the Intersection over Union (IoU) for the predicted and ground-truth bounding boxes is larger than 0.5 for 99% of the radio sources, and 98% of predicted host positions are within$3^{\prime \prime}$of the ground-truth infrared host in the evaluation set. The catalogue construction pipeline uses the predictions of the trained network on the radio and infrared image cutouts based on the catalogue of radio components identified using theSelavysource finder algorithm. Confidence scores of the predictions are then used to prioritiseSelavycomponents with higher scores and incorporate them first into the catalogue. This results in identifications for a total of 211 625 radio sources, with 201 211 classified as compact and unresolved. The remaining 10 414 are categorised as extended radio morphologies, including 582 FR-I, 5 602 FR-II, 1 494 FR-x (uncertain whether FR-I or FR-II), 2 375 R (single-peak resolved) radio galaxies, and 361 with peculiar and other rare morphologies. Each source in the catalogue includes a confidence score. We cross-match the radio sources in the catalogue with the infrared and optical catalogues, finding infrared cross-matches for 73% and photometric redshifts for 36% of the radio galaxies. The EMU-PS catalogue and the detection pipelines presented here will be used towards constructing catalogues for the main EMU survey covering the full southern sky.
The West German and Italian Left in the “Two Cultures” Debate: Trasnationalization and Localization (1964–1969)
Authors: Costa Ettore 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article delves into the transnational aspects of the “Two Cultures” debate initiated by the British chemist and writer C. P. Snow, and explores how Italian and West German intellectuals localized and translated aspects of the debate within their respective political landscapes. Snow described the relationship between science and the humanities, and attributed a unique social responsibility to science. Prominent leftist thinkers, including Gino Martinoli, Adriano Buzzati Traverso, Aldo Visalberghi, Giulio Preti, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Karl Steinbuch, Hans Mohr, Hilde Domin, Jürgen Habermas, and Robert Jungk, engaged Snow's ideas, each formulating their stance on the role of science. These intellectuals were divided in their response. Some concurred with Snow, viewing scientific advancement as a cornerstone of social progress and considering the scientific ethos as a model for political emulation. Others, however, were critical, questioning the very notions of scientific progress, rationality, and modernization. This intellectual discourse foreshadowed the New Left's critique of scientism in the 1970s, a movement that significantly challenged the longstanding marriage between socialism and science.
Hyper-exegesis in Persian translations of the Qu'ran: On the Disjointed Letters as Translational Challenges
Authors: Tahmasebian Kayvan , Gould Rebecca Ruth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough translation and commentary are often treated as distinct, separable activities in literary and intellectual history, the Persian tradition of Qur'an exegesis demonstrates that they are best understood in relation to each other. Introducing the concept of hyper-exegesis as a mode of interpretation that approximates translation, we examine the dialectical relationship between translation and commentary by focusing on how Persian exegetes have dealt with the so-called “disjointed letters” (ḥurūf muqaṭaʿāt). The disjointed letters inaugurate twenty-nine chapters (sūras) of the Qur'an. We show how six Persian translator-exegetes (the anonymous author of Tarjama-yi Tafsir-I Tabari, Isfarayini, Surabadi, Nasafi, Maybudi, and Razi) used commentary in response to their understanding of the Qur'an's inimitability. Persian translators’ confrontation with the disjointed letters are presented here as a case study of the ways in which translatability and commentary overlap and enrich each other. As a contribution to translation studies and literary theory, this research reveals how untranslatability is situated at the core of the translational enterprise, and how commentary functions as a mode of translating the ineffable.
Macroeconomic Expectations and Expected Returns
Authors: Deng Yizhe , Wang Yunqi , Zhou Ti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using the macroeconomic forecasts of professional economists, we construct a comprehensive macro condition index that summarizes subjective expectations of output, inflation, and labor and housing market conditions. The index predicts stock returns and produces countercyclical equity premium forecasts, both in- and out-of-sample. Our results contrast with the procyclical subjective equity premia documented in recent literature. We show that the index reflects the true but unobserved macroeconomic condition that impacts the equity premium. Moreover, the predictability is not affected by belief biases and operates via a discount rate channel. The index’s predictability conforms to an explanation based on time-varying risk premia.
A framework for understanding the contributions of local residents to protected area law enforcement
Authors: Sharkey William , Milner-Gulland E.J. , Sinovas Pablo , Keane Aidan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTerrestrial and marine protected areas have long been championed as an approach to biodiversity conservation. For protected areas to be effective, equitable and inclusive, the involvement of local residents in their management and governance is considered important. Globally, there are many approaches to involving local residents in protected area law enforcement. However, opportunities for comparing different approaches have been limited by the lack of a clear common framework for analysis. To support a more holistic understanding, we present a framework for analysing the contributions of local residents to protected area law enforcement. Informed by a review of the literature and discussions with conservation practitioners, the framework comprises five key dimensions: (1) the different points in the enforcement system at which local residents are involved, (2) the nature of local participation in decision-making, (3) the type of external support provided to local residents, (4) the different motivating forces for participation, and (5) the extent to which local participation is formalized. We apply the framework to three real-world case studies to demonstrate its use in analysing and comparing the characteristics of different approaches. We suggest this framework could be used to examine variation in local participation within the enforcement system, inform evaluation and frame constructive discussions between relevant stakeholders. With the global coverage of protected areas likely to increase, the framework provides a foundation for better understanding the contributions of local residents to protected area law enforcement.