bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous injection of AlbunexR microspheres causes thromboxane mediated pulmonary hypertension in pigs, but not in monkeys or rabbits
Authors: ØISTENSEN J. , HEDE R. , MYRENG Y. , EGE T. , HOLTZ E. 
Published: December 2008

østensen, J., Hede, R., Myreng, Y., Ege, T. & Holtz, E. 1992. Intravenous injection of AlbunexR microspheres causes thromboxane‐mediated pulmonary hypertension in pigs, but not in monkeys or rabbits. Acta Physiol Scand144, 307–315. Received J April 1991, accepted 7 October 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Nycomed AS Research and Development, Oslo, Norway.Intravenous injection of the ultrasound contrast agent AlbunexR (manufactured by Nycomed AS, Oslo, Norway; 400 million air‐filled albumin microspheres per ml, mean diameter 4 ± 1 μm) caused a dose‐dependent increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure in nine pigs. The highest dose (0.014 ± 0.002 ml kg‐1) increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 17± mmHg to 42 ± 3 mmHg and decreased mean systemic arterial pressure from 111±9 to 93± 12 mmHg. The pressure responses began 22 ± 1 s after particle injection, and reached maximum after 51 ±3 s. No changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure or mean systemic arterial pressure were observed after AlbunexR injections during treatment with indomethacin (10 mg kg‐1+ 5 mgkg‐1 h‐1 i.v., n= 6) or the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist HN‐11500 (10 mg kg‐1+ 5 mg kg‐1 h‐l i.v., n= 3). No Doppler enhancement could be detected in a carotid artery following injection of 0.12 ml kg‐1 AlbunexR during indomethacin treatment. In five rabbits, AlbunexR caused Doppler enhancement in a carotid artery, and 0.48 ml kg‐1 did not affect mean pulmonary arterial pressure or other haemodynamic parameters in five rabbits or in three cynomolgus monkeys. The pressure response in pigs may be explained by release of thromboxane A2 from the pulmonary intravascular macrophages during phagocytosis of the microspheres. This response to AlbunexR was totally absent in rabbits and monkeys.
Functional and morphological comparisons between cochlear outer hair cells and muscle tissues in the guinea‐pig
Authors: BRUNDIN L. , WIKLUND N. P. , GUSTAFSSON L. E. , FLOCK Å. 
Published: December 2008

Brundin, L., Wiklund, N. P., Gustafsson, L. E. & Flock, AR. 1992. Functional and morphological comparisons between cochlear outer hair cells and muscle tissues in the guinea‐pig. Acta Physiol Scand144, 379–386. Received 24 April 1991, accepted 2i October 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Departments of Physiology and Urology, and the National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenThe effect of polylysine on the motility of outer hair cells and various muscle types was compared. Poly‐L‐lysine and its stereoisomer, poly‐D‐lysine, inhibited acoustically induced length changes of isolated outer hair cells from the guinea‐pig hearing organ. The frequency specific displacements of the hearing organ in response to a tone stimulus are also inhibited to polylysine (Brundin et al. 1991). Poly‐L‐lysine, and its stereoisomer, irreversibly attenuated motile responses to transmural stimulation of guinea‐pig ileum, vas deferens and taenia coli in a dose dependent manner, but were without significant effect on motile responses in skeletal and heart muscle. l‐lysine, D‐lysine, and the negatively charged polyaminoacid poly‐L‐aspartate, were without significant effect on outer hair cell and smooth muscle motility.The inhibitory effect of polylysine in smooth muscle is a direct effect on the muscle cell since polylysine attenuated acetylcholine‐ and adenosine triphosphate‐induced contractions in the ileum, and ATP‐ or noradrenaline‐induced contractions in the vas deferens.Pillar structures, believed to be of importance to excitation contraction coupling, were compared. In heart and skeletal muscle the pillars span the gap between sarcoplasmic reticulum and T‐tubuli, deeply recessed into the muscle cell. In smooth muscle and outer hair cell the pillars are in closer relation to the cell exterior. The length of the pillars of the outer hair cells exceeds by two times that of smooth and skeletal muscle.The susceptibility of outer hair cells and smooth muscle tissue to the positively charged polylysine may indicate similarities in membrane or channel composition.
The effect of immobilization on myotendinous junction: an ultrastructural, histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: KANNUS P. , JOZSA L. , KVIST M. , LEHTO M. , JÄRVINEN M. 
Published: December 2008

Kannus, P., Jozsa, L., Kvist, M., Lehto, M. & Järvinen, M. 1992. The effect of immobilization on myotendinous junction: an ultrastructural, histochemical and immunohistochemical study. Acta Physiol Scand144, 387–394. Received 28 April 1991, accepted 13 October 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Tampere Research Station of Sports Medicine, UKK‐Institute, and Department of Surgery, Tampere University Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary; and Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.The effect of immobilization on the myotendinous junction of the calf muscles in the rat was studied histochemically, immunohistochemically and morphometrically with a transmission electron microscope.After 3 weeks of immobilization, the contact area between the muscle cells and tendineal collagen fibres was reduced by almost 50% in both type I (slow‐twitch) and type II (fast‐twitch) muscle fibres. The terminal finger‐like processes of the muscle cells became shallow and cylindrical or were completely atrophied. Their basal membranes were slightly thickened. Histochemically, the most remarkable alteration in the myotendinous junction was the marked decrease in the sulphate containing glyco‐saminoglycans. In the basal lamina of the muscle fibres, the glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan content was also reduced. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the amount of type III collagen was markedly increased on the myotendinous interface, but the amount and distribution of type I collagen was not affected by immobilization.These findings suggest that immobilization causes degenerative changes at the myotendinous junction, which, in turn, most likely decrease its tensile strength and may predispose it to rupture during activity.
Influence of stretch‐shortening cycle on mechanical behaviour of triceps surae during hopping
Authors: BELLI A. , BOSCO C. 
Published: December 2008

Belli, A. & Bosco, A. 1992. Influence of stretch‐shortening cycle on mechanical behaviour of triceps surae during hopping. Acta Physiol Scand144, 401408. Received 20 March 1991, accepted 3 December 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Laboratories of Physiology, Universities of St Etienne and Lyon, France and Departments of Biology and Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.Six subjects performed a first series of vertical plantar flexions and a second series of vertical rebounds, both involving muscle triceps surae exclusively. Vertical displacements, vertical forces and ankle angles were recorded during the entire work period of 60 seconds per series. In addition, expired gases were collected during the test and recovery for determination of the energy expenditure. Triceps surae was mechanically modelled with a contractile component and with an elastic component. Mechanical behaviour and work of the different muscle components were determined in both series. The net muscular efficiency calculated from the work performed by the centre of gravity was 17.5±3.0% (mean ± SD) in plantar flexions and 29.9 ± 4.8% in vertical rebounds. The net muscle efficiency calculated from the work performed by the contractile component was 17.4 %% 2.9% in plantar flexions and 16.1 ± 1.47; in vertical rebounds. These results suggest that the muscular efficiency differences do not reflect muscle contractile component efficiency but essentially the storage and recoil of elastic energy. This is supported by the relationship (P < 0.01) found in vertical rebounds between the extra work and the elastic component work. A detailed observation of the mechanical behaviour of muscle mechanical components showed that the strategy to maximize the elastic work depends also on the force‐velocity characteristics of the movement and that the eccentric‐concentric work of the contractile component does not always correspond respectively to the ankle extension‐flexion.
The first breaths of air stimulate noradrenaline turnover in the brain of the newborn rat
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ H. , PEQUIGNOT J. , PEQUIGNOT J.‐M. , PEYRIN L. 
Published: December 2008

Lagercrantz, H., Pequignot, J., Pequignot, J.‐M. & Peyrin, L. 1992. The first breaths of air stimulate noradrenaline turnover in the brain of the newborn rat. Acta Physiol Scand144, 433–438. Received 19 July 1991, accepted 3 December 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Paediatrics (KS), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and UA CNRS 1196, Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude Bernard, Grange Blanche, Lyon, France.The aim of this study was to analyse the noradrenaline (NA)‐turnover in the brain around birth and its significance for neonatal adaptation. NA and its metabolite 3–methoxy‐4–hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) have been measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the pons‐medulla and cortex in rat foetuses and pups. The MHPG/NA ratio was used as an index of NA‐turnover. Catecholamines were also determined in the adrenals for comparison. The MHPG/NA ratios were found to increase 2.7–fold in the pons‐medulla and 2–fold in the cortex during the first day after birth. The surge of NA‐turnover occurred after the pups had been breathing air for two hours. The increase of NA‐turnover was significantly lower in the cortex of rat pups breathing a hypoxic gas mixture or when they were kept in a cooler environment. The differences were less marked in the pons‐medulla. We conclude that breathing air stimulates NA‐turnover in the brain of the newborn rat and this stimulatory effect is modulated by environmental factors.
Water flux and early signs of entrance into phase 111 of fasting in grey seal pups
Authors: NORDØY E. S. , STIJFHOORN D. E. , RÅHEIM A. , BLIX A. S. 
Published: December 2008

Norøy, E.S., Stijfhoorn, D.E., Råheim, A. & blix, A.S. 1992. Water flux and early signs of entrance into phase III of fasting in grey seal pups. Acta Physiol Scand144, 477482. Received 11 November 1990, accepted 13 November 1991 ISSN 0001–677. Department of Arctic Biology and Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, and Institutt for Energiteknikk, Kjeller, Norway.Body water loss and turnover rate were measured in fasting newly weaned grey seal (Halichaerus grypus) pups without access to water for 52 days, by use of bolus injections of deuterated water. Total body water (N) was 41.8 ±2.3 (SD)% of total body weight at day 3 and 44.5 ± 5.9 (SD)% at day 51 of fasting (P > 0.05), while the water content of body core decreased from 73 to 61 yo over the same period. The average water efflux rate in the same period was 362 ± 17 (SD) ml d‐1, the reduction in N over the same period contributing 35 yo to this end. The biological half‐time of deuterated water was 38.2 ± 3.3 (SD) d. Plasma osmolality increased from a stable level of 329±11(SD)mosmol kg‐1 to 445± 11 (SD) mosmol kg‐1 after day 38 of fasting. Plasma urea was the major contributor to this increase, in spite of a steadily decreasing urine urea concentration (Nordey et al. 1990) throughout the entire experimental period. It is concluded that grey seal pups endure 52 d of fasting without intake of water with a minor dehydration of body core, while they become hyperosmotic due to increased catabolism of protein after 38 d when sparing of the insulating blubber layer in preparation for life in cold water seems to occur.
Effect of hypoxic hypoxia and ritanserin on capillary flow and oxygenation in rabbit skeletal muscle
Authors: GUSTAFSSON U. , SJOBERG F. , LEWIS D. H. , THORBORG P. 
Published: December 2008

Gustafsson, U., Sjöberg, F., Lewis, D. H. & Thorborg, P. 1994. Effect of hypoxic hypoxia and ritanserin on capillary flow and oxygenation in rabbit skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Stand 150, 39–45. Received 2 April 1993, accepted 21 July 1993. ISSN 0001–6772. Clinical Research Centre and the Burns Unit, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, and Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden, and Dept of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA.This study examined capillary flow and oxygenation in rabbit skeletal muscle during hypoxic hypoxia (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.10) and after administration of ritanserin (highly selective 5‐Hydroxytryptamine‐2‐receptor antagonist). Capillary flow (hydrogen clearance) or oxygen pressure was measured with a multiwire micro‐electrode which was placed on the surface of the left vastus medialis muscle. For measurement of regional microcirculatory blood flow a laser‐Doppler flowmeter probe was placed on the contralateral muscle. An experimental sequence with normoxaemia (arterial Po2 12.5 kPa), followed by hypoxaemia (arterial Po2 3.9 kPa) and thereafter sustained hypoxaemia (arterial Po2 4.0 kPa) during which ritanserin (0.035 mg kg‐1 i.v.) was administered, was used. During hypoxaemia a decrease was seen in mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 27%, capillary flow by 25%, muscle oxygen pressure by 32% and laser‐Doppler flowmetry (LDF) flow by 24%. After the administration of ritanserin the mean arterial pressure was further reduced by 7%, whereas the capillary flow increased by 59% and the muscle oxygen pressure by 31 %. The LDF flow remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that, in this animal model, a decrease in skeletal muscle capillary flow and oxygenation during hypoxaemia can be reversed by the administration of ritanserin, despite a further reduction in blood pressure.
Changes in slow axonal transport of tubulin induced by local application of colchicine to rabbit vagus nerve
Authors: ARCHER D. R. , DAHLIN L. B. , McLEAN W. G. 
Published: December 2008

Archer, D. R., Dahlin, L. B. & MCLEAN, W. G. 1994. Changes in slow axonal transport of tubulin induced by local application of colchicine to rabbit vagus nerve. Acta Physiol Scand150, 57–65. Received 15 April 1993, accepted 30 July 1993. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK and Department of Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.The biochemical and morphological responses of the rabbit vagus nerve to local application of colchicine and to nerve crush were investigated. Fourteen days after the cervical vagus nerve had been crushed or subjected to local application of colchicine for 2 h, nodose ganglia of anaesthetized rabbits were either injected with [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine for studies of slow and fast axonal transport, respectively, or prepared for light microscopical examination. The radio‐labelled proteins of the faster of the two slow transport groups (SCb; 25–30 mm day1) were separated by one‐ or two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and both radio‐labelled tubulin and actin were quantified by densitometry from resulting fluorographs of gels. A relative increase in radio‐labelled tubulin was found in SCb in the crushed and colchicine‐treated nerves; this increase persisted for up to 50 days after nerve crush. Morphological changes in nerve cell bodies induced by colchicine were similar, but smaller in magnitude than those in crushed nerves. It is concluded that a temporary arrest of axonal transport produced by colchicine can lead to a redistribution of tubulin transport comparable with that found in regenerating nerve.
Modulation of neuroeffector transmission in guinea‐pig pulmonary artery and vas deferens by exogenous nitric oxide
Authors: CEDERQVIST B. , GUSTAFSSON L. E. 
Published: December 2008

Cederqvist, B. & Gustafsson, L. E. 1994. Modulation of neuroeffector transmission in guinea‐pig pulmonary artery and vas deferens by exogenous nitric oxide. Acta Physiol Scand150, 75–81. Received 11 March 1993, accepted 30 July 1993. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Physiology and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.Blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis enhances contractile responses to transmural nerve stimulation in guinea‐pig pulmonary artery, indicating neuromodulation by endogenous nitric oxide. In the present study, neuromodulatory effects of exogenous NO were examined in guinea‐pig pulmonary artery and vas deferens. Application of NO as acid nitrite, to the guinea‐pig pulmonary artery, inhibited the contractile response to transmural nerve stimulation as well as contractions to exogenous noradrenaline. The inhibition occurred in a dose‐dependent manner. Acid nitrite did not affect stimulation‐induced release of [3H]noradrenaline in guinea‐pig pulmonary artery. In the guinea‐pig vas deferens, contractile ‘twitch’ responses to brief (25 pulses) transmural nerve stimulation and stimulation‐induced release of [3H]noradrenaline was unaffected by acid nitrite. However, ‘twitch’ responses to prolonged stimulation were inhibited by acid nitrite, and tonic ‘hump’ responses were either enhanced or unaffected by acid nitrite. In conclusion, exogenous nitric oxide exerted an inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission post‐junctionally in guinea‐pig pulmonary artery. In guinea‐pig vas deferens, exogenous nitric oxide affected adrenergic and/or non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic neurotransmission in a complex fashion, however without alteration in noradrenaline release. The data support a role for NO in modulation of neuroeffector transmission, especially by modulation of effector sensitivity, whereas modulation of noradrenaline release seems an unlikely role for NO in these and similar peripheral tissues.
Depletion of secretory granules from the feline parotid gland: action of NANC transmitters per se
Authors: EKSTRÖM J. , ASZTÉLY A. , HELANDER H. F. , TOBIN G. 
Published: December 2008

Ekstrom, J., Asztély, A., Helander, H. F. & Tobin, G. 1994. Depletion of secretory granules from the feline parotid gland: action of NANC transmitters per se. Acta Physiol Scand 150, 83–88. Received 5 May 1993, accepted 30 July 1993. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Pharmacology, University of Goteborg, and Astra Hassle AB, Molndal, Sweden.A parotid acinar degranulation of approximately 60 and 40% was observed in cats under pentobarbitone anaesthesia after a 90‐min period of continuous stimulation of the parasympathetic auriculo‐temporal nerve at 10 Hz in the absence and presence of atropine, respectively. Atropine completely abolished the large fluid response of the gland to the nerve stimulation. In the non‐atropinized cats, bethanechol, infused into the carotid artery at a dose rate evoking a salivary flow similar to that in response to parasympathetic nerve stimulation, caused an acinar degranulation of approximately 25% and acinar vacuolation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.5 μg kg‐1 min‐1 also infused into the carotid artery for 90 min) caused an acinar degranulation of the same magnitude as the parasympathomimetic drug but the peptide did not give rise to any fluid secretion or vacuole formation. The experiments were performed in the presence of α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor blockers. Thus, in parotid glands of the cat, producing no overt secretion of fluid, non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic (NANC) mechanisms may be at work causing exocytosis of the acinar granules. These mechanisms are also likely to contribute to the secretion of granules in response to parasympathetic nerve activity in the absence of blockade of the classical autonomic receptors.
Effect of glucose‐6‐phosphate and pH on glucose transport in skeletal muscle plasma membrane giant vesicles
Authors: KRISTIANSEN S. , WOJTASZEWSKI J. F. , JUEL C. , RICHTER E. A. 
Published: December 2008

The effect of glucose‐6‐phosphate (G‐6‐P) and pH on glucose transport was studied in skeletal muscle plasma membrane giant vesicles containing GLUT4 but not GLUT1. Vesicles (average diameter 7.6 μm) were obtained by collagenase treatment of muscle. The vesicles were incubated with 10 mmol T‐1 G‐6‐P and, after 0.5 and 2 h of incubation, the intravesicular G‐6‐P concentration was 0.93 ± 0.4 mmol 1‐1 and 1.18 ± 0.5 mmol I“1 (mean ± SE, n = 4), respectively. In order to increase the intravesicular G‐6‐P concentration, 0.001% saponin was added during incubation, which increased the 2‐h intravesicular G‐6‐P concentration to 4.57±1.0 mmol 1‐1 (n = 4). Initially, vesicles were used for glucose transport studies after 30 min of incubation with 10 mmol 1‐1 of G‐6‐P. There was no effect of G‐6‐P on either the affinity constant (Km) or maximal velocity (Vmax) of the glucose transport.Subsequently, vesicles were incubated for 2 h with 10 mmol T‐1 of G‐6‐P and 0.001 % saponin. Still no effect of G‐6‐P on glucose transport could be detected. In contrast, the rate of D‐glucose transport was affected, when extravesicular pH was varied from 6.0 to 7.8. The maximum glucose transport rate was found at pH 7.2 and was decreased at both higher and lower pH.It is concluded that G‐6‐P has no effect on GLUT4 intrinsic activity in rat skeletal muscle plasma membrane. In contrast, GLUT4 intrinsic activity is sensitive to changes in pH.
Cardiorespiratory fitness of asthmatic children and validation of predicted aerobic capacity
Authors: Lochte Lene , Angermann Marie , Larsson Benny 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  Predicted aerobic capacity (PAC) was estimated by submaximal exercise test and compared with monitored aerobic capacity (MAC) measured by laboratory conditions [maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak)] in 18 children and adolescents, 10 asthmatics and 8 matched controls.Objectives:  To compare aerobic capacity between asthmatic children and controls, to estimate the agreement between PAC and MAC and observe for trend of PAC.Materials and Methods:  The design was prospective, 4 years (PAC) and cross‐sectional (MAC and VO2peak). Non‐parametric Wilcoxon rank sums were applied for statistical evaluation; the method of Bland and Altman estimated the agreement between PAC and MAC; P < 0.05.Results:  PAC at baseline and follow‐up, and MAC at follow‐up, showed significant differences between groups (P < 0.05), and the mean difference between PAC and MAC at follow‐up was −1.0 mLO2/min/kg [non‐significant (ns)], indicating that PAC had a bias towards underestimation as compared with MAC. Limits of agreement, mean difference [±2 standard deviations (SD)], ranged from −8.5 to 6.5 mLO2/min/kg, indicating good agreement between the two measurements. No trend of PAC was observed (ns). Physical activity level and subjective health showed no differences between groups, or level and categories, respectively.Conclusion:  The asthmatic participants presented with lower aerobic capacity than controls in both PAC and MAC; therefore, results confirmed the validity of the PAC method. Data warrant exploration by large‐scale paediatric asthma epidemiology.Please cite this paper as: Lochte L, Angermann M and Larsson B. Cardiorespiratory fitness of asthmatic children and validation of predicted aerobic capacity. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; 3: 42–50.
Molecular Analysis of the Sequences Surrounding
bla
OXA-45
Reveals Acquisition of This Gene by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
via a Novel IS
CR
Element, IS
CR5
Authors: Li Hongyang , Walsh Timothy R. , Toleman Mark A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

The
bla
OXA-45
gene of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
07-406 is driven by a promoter found within a truncated IS
Pme
1 insertion sequence. The gene is located between nonidentical repeats of a new IS
CR
element, IS
CR5
, which is likely responsible for its acquisition. Sequence analysis indicates that IS
CR5
is a chimera of IS
CR3
and IS
CR16
.