bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic interferometry: Reconstructing the earth’s reflection response
Authors: Draganov Deyan , Wapenaar Kees , Thorbecke Jan 
Published: August 2006

In 1968, Jon Claerbout showed that the reflection response of a 1D acoustic medium can be reconstructed by autocorrelating the transmission response. Since then, several authors have derived relationships for reconstructing Green’s functions at the surface, using crosscorrelations of (noise) recordings that were taken at the surface and that derived from subsurface sources. For acoustic media, we review relations between the reflection response and the transmission response in 3D inhomogeneous lossless media. These relations are derived from a one-way wavefield reciprocity theorem. We use modeling results to show how to reconstruct the reflection response in the presence of transient subsurface sources with distinct excitation times, as well as in the presence of simultaneously acting noise sources in the subsurface. We show that the quality of reconstructed reflections depends on the distribution of the subsurface sources. For a situation with enough subsurface sources — that is, for a distribution that illuminates the subsurface area of interest from nearly alldirections — the reconstructed reflection responses and the migrated depth image exhibit all the reflection events and the subsurface structures of interest, respectively. With only a few subsurface sources, that is, with insufficient illumination, the reconstructed reflection responses are noisy and can even become kinematically incorrect. At the same time, however, the depth image, which was obtained from their migration, still shows clearly all the illuminated subsurface structures at their correct positions. For the elastic case, we review a relationship between the reflection Green’s functions and the transmission Green’s functions derived from a two-way wavefield reciprocity theorem. Using modeling examples, we show how to reconstruct the different components of the particle velocity observed at the surface and resulting from a surface traction source. This reconstruciton is achieved using crosscorrelations of particle velocity components measured at the surface and resulting from separate P- and S-wave sources in the subsurface.
High-resolution geophysical characterization of shallow-water wetlands
Authors: Mansoor Nasser , Slater Lee , Artigas Francisco , Auken Esben 
Published: August 2006

We describe a procedure for rapid characterization of shallow-water, contaminated wetlands. Terrain-conductivity (TC), vertical-magnetic-gradiometry, and surface-water-chemistry data were obtained from a shallow-draft paddleboat operable in as little as [Formula: see text] of water. Measurements were taken every [Formula: see text], with data-acquisition rates exceeding [Formula: see text] of line ([Formula: see text] data points) per 8-hr field day. We applied this procedure to an urban wetland that is affected by point and nonpoint sources of pollution. We used a one-dimensional, laterally constrained inversion algorithm to invert the apparent-conductivity data set obtained from the TC survey and to create a pseudo-2D image of sediment conductivity. The continuously recorded surface-water depth and conductivity values were input as a priori information in the inversion. We used soil chemistry determined for 28 sediment samples collected from the site, as well as lithologic logs from across the wetland, to constrain interpretation of the geophysical data. The inverted sediment conductivity describes a pattern of contamination probably attributable to leachates from adjacent landfills and/or to saltwater ingress from a partial tidal connection that is not obvious in the surface-water data. Magnetic-gradiometry values and the in-phase component of an EM31 response both reflect primarily the distribution of junk metal associated with a legacy of illegal dumping. Historic aerial photographs suggest that this distribution reflects land-use history and defines the maximum previous extent of an adjacent landfill and a pattern of dumping correlated with historic roadways.
Modeling and inversion of PS-wave moveout asymmetry for tilted TI media: Part I — Horizontal TTI layer
Authors: Dewangan Pawan , Tsvankin Ilya 
Published: August 2006

One of the distinctive features of mode-converted waves is their asymmetric moveout (i.e., the PS-wave traveltime in general is different if the source and receiver are interchanged) caused by lateral heterogeneity or elastic anisotropy. If the medium is anisotropic, the PS-wave moveout asymmetry contains valuable information for parameter estimation that cannot be obtained from pure reflection modes. Here, we generalize the so-called [Formula: see text] method, which is designed to replace reflected PS modes in velocity analysis with pure (unconverted) SS-waves, by supplementing the output SS traces with the moveout-asymmetry attributes of PS-waves. The time-asymmetry attribute [Formula: see text] is computed in the slowness domain as the difference between the paired traveltimes of the PS arrivals corresponding to ray parameters (horizontal slownesses) of equal magnitude but opposite sign. Another useful asymmetry attribute is the offset [Formula: see text] of the PS-wave traveltime minimum on a common-midpoint (CMP) gather. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithmand the importance of including the asymmetry attributes of PS-waves in anisotropic velocity analysis for a horizontal transversely isotropic layer with a tilted symmetry axis (or TTI) medium. Simple analytic expressions for the moveout asymmetry of PSV-waves, derived in the weak-anisotropy approximation, are verified by anisotropic ray tracing. The attribute [Formula: see text] is proportional to the anellipticity parameter [Formula: see text] and reaches its maximum when the symmetry axis deviates by 20°–30° from the vertical or horizontal direction. All relevant parameters of a TTI layer can be estimated by a nonlinear inversion of the NMO velocities and zero-offset traveltimes of PP- and SS- (SVSV) waves combined with the moveout-asymmetry attributes of the PSV-wave. The inversion of pure-mode (PP and SS) moveouts alone is nonunique, while the addition of the attributes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] yields stable parameter estimates from 2D data acquired in the vertical symmetry-axis plane. If the TTI model is formed by obliquely dipping fractures, the anisotropic parameters can be inverted further for the fracture orientation and compliances.
Velocity-independent layer stripping of PP and PS reflection traveltimes
Authors: Dewangan Pawan , Tsvankin Ilya 
Published: August 2006

Building accurate interval velocity models is critically important for seismic imaging and AVO (amplitude variation with offset) analysis. Here, we adapt the [Formula: see text] method to develop an exact technique for constructing the interval traveltime-offset function in a target zone beneath a horizontally layered overburden. All layers in the model can be anisotropic, with an essential assumption that the overburden has a horizontal symmetry plane (i.e., up-down symmetry). Our layer-stripping algorithm is entirely data-driven and, in contrast to the generalized Dix equations, does not require knowledge of the velocity field anywhere in the medium. Important advantages of our approach compared to the Dix-style formalism also include the ability to handle mode-converted waves, long-offset data, and laterally heterogeneous target layers with multiple, curved reflectors. Numerical tests confirm the high accuracy of the algorithm in computing the interval traveltimes of both PP- and PS-waves in a dipping, transversely isotropic layer with a tilted symmetry axis (TTI medium) beneath an anisotropic overburden. In combination with the inversion techniques developed for homogeneous TTI models, the proposed layer stripping of PP and PS data can be used to estimate the interval parameters of TTI formations in such important exploration areas as the Canadian Foothills. Potential applications of this methodology also include the dip-moveout inversion for the P-wave time-processing parameter [Formula: see text] and stable computation of the interval long-spread (nonhyperbolic) moveout for purposes of anisotropic velocity analysis.
AVA simultaneous inversion of partially stacked seismic amplitude data for the spatial delineation of lithology and fluid units of deepwater hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Contreras Arturo , Torres-Verdín Carlos , Fasnacht Tim 
Published: August 2006

This paper describes the successful application of amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) inversion of prestack-seismic amplitude data to detect and delineate deepwater hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico. Detailed AVA fluid/lithology sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the nature of AVA effects in the study area based on well-log data. Standard techniques such as crossplot analysis, Biot-Gassmann fluid substitution, AVA reflectivity modeling, and numerical simulation of synthetic gathers were part of the AVA sensitivity analysis. Crossplot and Biot-Gassmann analyses indicate significant sensitivity of acoustic properties to fluid substitution. AVA reflectivity and angle-gather modeling indicate that the shale/sand interfaces represented by the top and base of the M-10 reservoir are associated with typical Class III AVA responses caused by relatively low-impedance gas-bearing sands. Consequently, prestack seismic inversion provided accurate and reliable quantitative information about the spatial distribution of lithology and fluid units within the turbidite reservoirs based on the interpretation of fluid/lithology-sensitive modulus attributes. From the integration of inversion results with analogous depositional models, the M-series reservoirs were interpreted as stacked terminal turbidite lobes within an overall fan complex. This interpretation is consistent with previous regional stratigraphic/depositional studies.
Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Weekly Paclitaxel As First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Blum Joanne L. , Dees E. Claire , Chacko Aparna , Doane Lisa , Ethirajan Sukumar , Hopkins Judith , McMahon Richard , Merten Suzan , Negron Angel , Neubauer Marcus , Ilegbodu Des , Boehm Kristi A. , Asmar Lina , O'Shaughnessy Joyce A. 
Published: August 2006

Purpose The taxanes and capecitabine have synergistic antitumor activity in preclinical models. This trial was designed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of weekly paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients and Methods Participants had histologically proven breast cancer, with measurable metastatic disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Group. Exclusion criteria included prior taxane therapy or any prior capecitabine or infusional fluorouracil. Participants received capecitabine 825 mg/m2/dose orally bid (1,650 mg/m2/d) for days 1 to 14. Paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 was administered intravenously weekly on days 1 and 8. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. Responders (complete or partial) or those with stable disease were treated until progression of disease or intolerable toxicity. Results Fifty-five women were enrolled; 94% received study therapy as first-line treatment for MBC. In the intent-to-treat population, objective responses (partial) were achieved in 30 patients (55%; 95% CI, 40% to 69%), and six additional patients had stable disease for 6 months or longer (clinical benefit rate of 65%). The median duration of response was 10 months (range, 2.5 to 18.7 months). Dose modifications and reductions were common, particularly for capecitabine, leading to a delivered dose-intensity of 75% for capecitabine and 91% for paclitaxel. The most frequent grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction (n = 10); neutropenia (n = 7); fatigue (n = 4); and leukopenia, diarrhea, and pain (n = 3 each). Conclusion Capecitabine in combination with weekly paclitaxel is an active and tolerable regimen as first-line therapy for women with MBC.
Development of Neuropathy in Patients With Myeloma Treated With Thalidomide: Patterns of Occurrence and the Role of Electrophysiologic Monitoring
Authors: Mileshkin Linda , Stark Richard , Day Bruce , Seymour John F. , Zeldis Jerome B. , Prince H. Miles 
Published: August 2006

Purpose Peripheral neuropathy frequently limits the duration of treatment with thalidomide for patients with multiple myeloma. We assessed the time course of occurrence, possible predictive factors, and the utility of serial nerve electrophysiological studies (NES) for detecting onset of neuropathy. Patients and Methods Seventy-five patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma were enrolled onto a multicenter trial of dose-escalating thalidomide with or without interferon. Patients underwent clinical assessment plus NES at baseline and every 3 months. Time to development of neuropathy according to clinical or NES criteria was compared. Patient and treatment-related factors were compared as predictors of neuropathy. Results Thirty-nine percent had some NES abnormalities at baseline. Patients received thalidomide at a median dose-intensity of 373 mg/d. Thirty-one of 75 patients (41%) developed neuropathy during thalidomide treatment; 11 patients (15%) discontinued treatment with thalidomide due to neuropathy. The actuarial incidence of neuropathy increased from 38% at 6 months to 73% at 12 months, with 81% of responding patients developing this complication. Serial NES did not reliably predict the imminent development of clinical neuropathy requiring thalidomide cessation, nor were patient age, sex, or prior therapy predictive. Patients who developed neuropathy had a longer duration of thalidomide exposure (median, 268 v 89 days; P = .0001). Cumulative dose or dose-intensity received was not predictive. Conclusion The majority of patients will develop peripheral neuropathy given sufficient length of treatment with thalidomide. To minimize the risk of neurotoxicity, therapy should be limited to less than 6 months. Electrophysiologic monitoring provides no clear benefit versus careful clinical evaluation for the development of clinically significant neuropathy.
Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Increased Bone Metabolism Rate in Young Adult Patients with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Sciannamblo Mariateresa , Russo Gianni , Cuccato Debora , Chiumello Giuseppe , Mora Stefano 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Context: Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) receive glucocorticoids as replacement therapy. Glucocorticoid therapy is the most frequent cause of drug-induced osteoporosis.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in CAH patients.
Design: This was a cross-sectional observational study.
Setting: The study was conducted at a referral center for pediatric endocrinology.
Patients and Other Participants: Thirty young patients with the classical form of CAH (aged 16.4–29.7 yr) treated with glucocorticoid from diagnosis (duration of treatment 16.4–29.5 yr) and 138 healthy controls (aged 16.0–30.0 yr) were enrolled.
Main Outcome Measures: BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and whole body by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation and resorption rates were estimated by serum measurements of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, respectively.
Results: CAH patients were shorter than controls (women −6.8 and men −13.3 cm). Therefore, several methods were used to account for the effect of this difference on bone measurements. Whole-body BMD measurements were significantly lower, compared with controls (P &lt; 0.03), after controlling for height (on average −2.5% in females and −9.3% in male patients). No differences were found in lumbar spine measurements. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen serum concentrations were higher in CAH patients than control subjects (P &lt; 0.04). BMD measurements and bone metabolism markers did not correlate with the actual glucocorticoid dose or mean dose over the previous 7 yr.
Conclusions: Young adult patients with the classical form of CAH have decreased bone density values, compared with healthy controls. This may put them at risk of developing osteoporosis early in life.
Adiponectin in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Its Association with Inflammatory Markers and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Winer Jeffrey C. , Zern Tosca L. , Taksali Sara E. , Dziura James , Cali Anna M. G. , Wollschlager Margaret , Seyal Aisha A. , Weiss Ram , Burgert Tania S. , Caprio Sonia 
Published: August 2006

AbstractContext: Adiponectin levels are lower in obese children and adolescents, whereas markers of inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines are higher. Hypoadiponectinemia may contribute to the low-grade systemic chronic inflammatory state associated with childhood obesity.Objective: We investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototype of inflammation, is related to adiponectin levels independently of insulin resistance and adiposity.Design, Setting, Participants, and Main Outcome Measures: In a multiethnic cohort of 589 obese children and adolescents, we administered a standard oral glucose tolerance test and obtained baseline measurements for adiponectin, plasma lipid profile, CRP, IL-6, and leptin.Results: Stratifying the cohort into quartiles of adiponectin levels and adjusting for potential confounding variables, such as age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index z-score, pubertal status, and insulin sensitivity, the present study revealed that low levels of adiponectin are associated not only with higher CRP levels, but also with components of the metabolic syndrome, such as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a high triglyceride-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio.Conclusions: The link between adiponectin levels and a strong marker of inflammation, CRP, is independent of insulin resistance and adiposity in obese children and adolescents. Adiponectin may be one of the signals linking inflammation and obesity. Thus, adiponectin may function as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome in childhood obesity.
Opposing Influences of Prenatal and Postnatal Growth on the Timing of Menarche
Authors: Tam Charmaine S. , de Zegher Francis , Garnett Sarah P. , Baur Louise A. , Cowell Christopher T. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Context and Objective: Menarche is a milestone of reproductive development, and its timing may be differentially influenced by the growth conditions before birth and those between birth and puberty. The present study explored the relationships among menarcheal timing and markers of prenatal and midchildhood growth in healthy Australian girls.
Setting, Design, and Patients: A total of 156 girls aged 8 yr from a birth cohort of full-term babies had height, weight, and waist circumference measured. One hundred three girls had dual x-ray absorptiometry performed and blood analyzed for insulin, leptin, IGF-I, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Girls were followed up at age 15 yr and their age of menarche was recorded.
Main Outcome Measures: Measures included age of menarche; birth weight and birth length; height, weight, waist circumference, and body composition by dual x-ray absorptiometry; and plasma insulin, leptin, IGF-I, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate at age 8 yr.
Results: Girls with earlier menarche were light and long at birth and had higher total and central adiposity and IGF-I and estradiol levels in midchildhood, compared with those with later menarche. Age of menarche was best predicted by combining size at birth and body mass index z score at age 8 yr (r2 = 0.12; P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: The timing of menarche appears to be influenced in opposing directions by pre- and postnatal growth. Menarche was found to occur earlier in girls who were long and light at birth and who had a higher fat mass and circulating IGF-I in childhood. These findings may partly explain ethnic differences and secular trends in the age of menarche.
Preparation of NaA Zeolite Membrane with High Permeability by Using a Modified VPT Method
Authors: Cheng Zhi-Lin , Chao Zi-Sheng , Wan Hui-Lin 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A novel method was developed for the preparation of NaA zeolite membrane with high quality. The method consisted of two stages, i.e., preseeding and secondary growth, and the two stages were both performed under the condition of vapor-phase transformation (VPT).
The Local Structure around Sodium Ions in Poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylic acid) Ionomers Studied by 23Na Solid-state NMR under a High Magnetic Field, 21.9 T
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Murakami Miwa , Ikeda Ryuichi , Deguchi Kenzo , Tansho Masataka , Shimizu Tadashi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The local structure of sodium ions in poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylic acid) ionomer neutralized by sodium hydroxide has been investigated using 23Na MAS and multiple-quantum-magic-angle-spinning (MQMAS) NMR techniques at a high magnetic field. Isotropic chemical shifts and quadrupolar coupling products of three kinds of nonequivalent 23Na ions, i.e., isolated, hydrated, and aggregated 23Na ions were estimated from peak positions in 23Na MQMAS spectra. The MQMAS technique at high magnetic fields is expected to be a powerful tool to investigate the local structure in amorphous systems containing quadrupole nuclei.
Control of Stereoselectivity in 4-tert-Butylphenol Hydrogenation over a Carbon-supported Rhodium Catalyst by Carbon Dioxide Solvent
Authors: Hiyoshi Norihito , Mine Eiichi , Rode Chandrashekhar V , Sato Osamu , Ebina Takeo , Shirai Masayuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
cis-4-tert-Butylcyclohexanol was obtained with a high cis ratio (cis/(cis + trans) = 0.9) in the hydrogenation of 4-tert-butylphenol over a carbon-supported rhodium catalyst along with hydrochloric acid in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent.
Conditions on Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes for “Specific” Interactions with “Nonspecifically” Adsorbed Hemoglobin
Authors: Kato Ken , Sano Masahito 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
“Nonspecificity” is commonly observed in adsorption of proteins onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We show that, although any forms of SWCNT adsorb hemoglobin, only individually isolated, small diameter SWCNTs can induce specific responses of hemoglobin against a functional group attached to the SWCNTs.
Fe3O4-modified Carbon Nanotubes: A Facile and Efficient Method to Orientate Alignment in Magnetic Field
Authors: Shan Yan , Gao Lian 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The orientation of carbon nanotubes (both SWNTs and MWNTs) has been demonstrated in magnetic field through modification with magnetic particles Fe3O4. The process of Fe3O4-modified CNTs composites is that acid-treated CNTs were refluxed in 2-pyrrolidone containing ferric triacetylacetonate at the solution’s boiling point with the protection of nitrogen gas. The composites are ideal materials to help the CNTs to be aligned in magnetic field.
Control of Anisotropic Tunnel Etching of Al by Indentation
Authors: Nishio Kazuyuki , Kanezawa Kenji , Masuda Hideki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Pitting sites on Al foil for electrolytic capacitors were controlled by the deformation of Al using a nanoindenter. During anodic etching of Al in hydrochloric acid solution, pitting was initiated at the edge of a triangular impression, and square pits were grown as a result of anisotropic dissolution of Al. Using this technique, 4 × 4 arrays of square pits were also obtained.