bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 10‐year prospective study of ITI dental implants placed in the posterior region. I: Clinical and radiographic results
Authors: Blanes Rafael Juan , Bernard Jean Pierre , Blanes Zulema Maria , Belser Urs Christoph 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the long‐term fixture success rate, crestal bone loss and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters around ITI dental implants placed in the posterior region of partially edentulous patients.Material and methods: A total of 192 ITI dental implants were consecutively placed in premolars and molars of 83 partially edentulous patients admitted for treatment at Geneva Dental School. All implants were restored by means of ceramic‐to‐metal fused fixed partial dentures and single crowns. Patients were followed as part of a prospective longitudinal study focusing on implant success. Surgical, radiographic and clinical variables were collected at the 1‐year recall after implant placement and at the most recent clinical evaluation.Results: The mean observation time was 6 years (range 5–10 years). Four implants failed, yielding a 10‐year cumulative survival rate of 97.9%. The mean annual crestal bone loss was −0.04±0.2 mm. Hollow‐cylinder implants displayed more crestal bone loss (−0.13±0.24 mm) than hollow‐screw implants (−0.02±0.19 mm; P=0.032). Clinical parameters such as age, gender, implant length and bone quality did not affect crestal bone levels. Increase in recession depth (P=0.025) and attachment level (P=0.011) were significantly associated with crestal bone loss.Conclusions: ITI dental implants placed in the posterior jaw demonstrate excellent long‐term clinical success. Hollow‐cylinder implants seem to display a higher risk for crestal bone loss. Recession depth and attachment levels appear to be good clinical indicators of peri‐implant bone loss.
Vertical ridge augmentation by expanded‐polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and a combination of intraoral autogenous bone graft and deproteinized anorganic bovine bone (Bio Oss)
Authors: Simion Massimo , Fontana Filippo , Rasperini Giulio , Maiorana Carlo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate, from a histological and histomorphometrical perspective, the efficacy of a 1 : 1 mixture of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and autogenous bone graft associated with an expanded‐polytetrafluoroethylene (e‐PTFE) membrane for vertical ridge augmentation in the human.Material and methods: Seven patients with 10 surgical sites requiring vertical ridge augmentation of partially edentulous lower jaws were included in the study. The vertical augmentation procedure was performed combining a titanium‐reinforced e‐PTFE Gore‐Tex membrane with a composite graft consisting of a 1 : 1 ratio of DBBM (Bio‐Oss) and autogenous bone. Twenty‐seven Branemark implants have been inserted. Eleven biopsies from the regenerated area were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.Results: The healing period was uneventful in nine surgical sites. In one site the membrane showed an exposure after 3 months. At the abutment connection, all implants appeared stable and submerged by a hard regenerated tissue clinically similar to bone. The histological analysis showed new bone formation and ongoing remodelling of the autogenous bone and the DBBM particles.Conclusions: The findings from the present clinical and histological study support the use of a 1 : 1 combination of DBBM and autogenous bone chips for vertical ridge augmentation by means of guided bone regeneration techniques. The regenerated bone may lead to proper osseointegration of a dental implant inserted at the time of the regenerative procedure or after a healing period of at least 6 months. DBBM undergoes very slow resorption and substitution with new bone. Furthermore, long‐term clinical studies are needed to confirm the positive effect of DBBM in enhancing the lasting stability of the vertically augmented bone.
Effects of atmospheric temperature and humidity on outbreak of diseases
Authors: Choi Sung Hyuk , Lee Sung Woo , Hong Yun Sik , Kim Su Jin , Kim Nak Hoon 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:  The present study aimed to determine the plausibility of forecasting the outbreak of diseases based on the weather by analysing the impact of atmospheric temperature and humidity on the occurrence of different diseases.Methods:  The subjects of the present study were the 30 434 patients who visited the ED in 1 year from 1 February 2005 to 3 February 2006. The present study analysed the correlation between the daily number of patients who suffered from 22 types of traumatic and non‐traumatic diseases and the data on atmospheric temperature and humidity provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration.Results:  With traumatic disease, the occurrence tended to increase in proportion to the rise in temperature and humidity; whereas with non‐traumatic disease, the occurrence tended to increase according to the rise in temperature, irrespective of humidity changes. The research on the impact of atmospheric temperature and humidity on different diseases revealed a high level of distribution of most diseases in an environment with high temperature and humidity. However, in the case of pulmonary diseases and trauma to multiple body regions, the occurrence increased in environments with low temperature and high humidity for pulmonary diseases, and with low temperature and low humidity for trauma to multiple body regions.Conclusion:  Most diseases tend to increase in proportion to the rise in atmospheric temperature whereas being less affected by humidity. However, an increase in humidity in an optimum range of atmospheric temperature (12°C or higher) triggers an increase in the occurrence of diseases.
Family‐focused weight management program for five‐ to nine‐year‐olds incorporating parenting skills training with healthy lifestyle information to support behaviour modification
Authors: GOLLEY Rebecca K. , PERRY Rebecca A. , MAGAREY Anthea , DANIELS Lynne 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis case study aims to describe how general parenting principles can be used as part of parent‐led, family‐focused child weight management that is in line with current Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines. A parent‐led, family‐focused child weight management program was designed for use by dietitians with parents of young children (five‐ to nine‐year‐olds). The program utilises the cornerstones of overweight treatment: diet, activity, behaviour modification and family support delivered in an age‐appropriate, family‐focused manner. Parents participate in 16 sessions (4 parenting‐focused, 8 lifestyle‐focused and 4 individual telephone support calls) conducted weekly, fortnightly then monthly over six months. This case study illustrates how a family used the program, resulting in reduced degree of overweight and stabilised waist circumference in the child over 12 months. In conclusion, linking parenting skills to healthy family lifestyle education provides an innovative approach to family‐focused child weight management. It addresses key Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, works at the family level, and provides a means for dietitians to easily adopt age‐appropriate behaviour modification as part of their practice.
Back to basics: Estimating energy requirements for adult hospital patients
Authors: FERRIE Suzie , WARD Meagan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPredictive equations are a quick and non‐invasive way to estimate a patient's energy requirements, and can be a useful tool when used appropriately. However, as with any tool, the skill and experience of the user will affect the quality of the result. This paper looks at the origins and limitations of some of the more commonly used equations. Considerations in their use and interpretation, such as the use of injury and activity factors, adjusting weight and non‐protein calories, are also discussed.
Prevalence of malnutrition in adults in Queensland public hospitals and residential aged care facilities
Authors: BANKS Merrilyn , ASH Susan , BAUER Judy , GASKILL Deanne 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in Queensland public acute and residential aged care facilities, and explore effects of variables associated with malnutrition in these populations.Methods:  A multicentre, cross‐sectional audit of a convenience sample of subjects was carried out as part of a larger audit of pressure ulcers in Queensland public acute and residential aged care facilities in 2002 and again in 2003. Dietitians in 20 hospitals and six aged care facilities conducted single‐day nutritional status audits of 2208 acute and 839 aged care subjects using the Subjective Global Assessment, in either or both audits. Subjects excluded were obstetric, same‐day, paediatric and mental health patients. Weighted average proportions of nutritional status categories for acute and residential aged care facilities across the two audits were determined and compared. The effects of gender, age, facility location and medical specialty on malnutrition were determined via logistic regression.Results:  A mean of 34.7 ± 4.0% and 31.4 ± 9.5% of acute subjects and a median of 50.0% and 49.2% of residents of aged care facilities were found to be malnourished in Audits 1 and 2, respectively. Variables found to be significantly associated with an increased odds risk of malnutrition included: older age groups, male (in residential aged care facilities), metropolitan location of facility and medical specialty, in particular, oncology and critical care.Conclusion:  Malnutrition is significant in public acute and residential aged care facilities in Queensland. Action must be taken to increase the recognition, prevention and treatment of malnutrition especially in high‐risk groups.
Survey of porcine circovirus 2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in New South Wales piggeries
Authors: Finlaison D , Kirkland P , Luong R , Ross A 
Published: August 2007

Objective  To determine if postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is occurring in the New South Wales pig population and to determine the current and past seroprevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2).Design  Pig veterinarians were contacted seeking submission of tissues from animals with clinical signs suggestive of PMWS. Samples were also accepted from suspected cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Serological studies were also undertaken on archival sera and sera submitted during the study.Procedure  Histopathological examination was undertaken on all tissues submitted. The presence of PCV2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Sera were tested for PCV2 using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit modified for testing of serum samples.Results  No cases of PMWS were identified during the study. Four cases of PDNS were identified. PCV2 antibody was detected in 80% of archival sera from 1995 and 75.8% from 2001. Seroprevalence in samples tested during 2002–2003 was 87.8%. PCV2 was isolated from tissues of a case of PDNS.Conclusion  PCV2 is widespread in the New South Wales pig population and has been since at least 1995. This study describes the first isolation of an Australian PCV2. No cases of PMWS were identified in New South Wales.
Guidelines for the antiviral therapy of hepatitis C virus carriers with normal serum aminotransferase based on platelet counts
Authors: Okanoue Takeshi , Itoh Yoshito , Minami Masahito , Hashimoto Hiroaki , Yasui Kohichiro , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Takehara Tetsuo , Kumada Takashi , Tanaka Eiji , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Izumi Namiki , Sata Michio , Onji Morikazu , Yamada Gotaro , Okita Kiwamu , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  We aimed to identify the candidates for antiviral therapy, among patients who are hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers with normal serum aminotransferase (ALT), focused on the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:  Four hundred and sixty‐four HCV carriers with normal serum ALT and 129 HCV carriers with persistently normal ALT (PNALT) and platelet (PLT) counts ≥150 000/μL who received liver biopsies were enrolled. HCV carriers with normal serum ALT were divided into four groups according to their ALT levels (≤30 U/L or 31–40 U/L) and PLT counts (≥150 000/μL or <150 000/μL).Results:  In 129 HCV carriers with PNALT, the rate of progression of fibrosis stage was 0.05/year and no HCC was detected during the follow up for 10 years. Approximately 20% of patients with ALT ≤40 U/L and PLT counts ≥150 000/μLwere at stage F2–3; however, approximately 50% of patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L and PLT counts <150 000/μL were at stage F2–4. An algorithm for the management of HCV carriers with normal serum ALT was advocated based on ALT and PLT counts.Conclusion:  The combination of ALT and PLT counts is useful for evaluating the fibrosis stage in HCV carriers with normal serum ALT. Most patients with PLT counts <150 000/μL are candidates for antiviral therapy, especially those with ALT levels ≥31 U/L when we focus on the inhibition of the development of HCC.
Evolution of an International External Quality Assurance Model To Support Laboratory Investigation of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, Developed for the SIREVA Project in Latin America, from 1993 to 2005
Authors: Lovgren Marguerite , Talbot James A. , Brandileone Maria Cristina , Casagrande Silvana T. , Agudelo Clara Inés , Castañeda Elizabeth , Regueira Mabel , Corso Alejandra , Heitmann Ingrid , Maldonado Aurora , Echániz-Avilés Gabriela , Soto-Noguerón Araceli , Hortal María , Camou Teresa , Gabastou Jean-Marc , Fabio José Luis Di 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

In 1993 the Pan American Health Organization initiated a laboratory-based surveillance system, called the SIREVA project, to learn about
Streptococcus pneumoniae
invasive disease in Latin American children. In 1994, National Laboratories in six countries were trained to perform serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing using broth microdilution to determine the MIC for specified antibiotics. An international External Quality Assurance (EQA) program was developed to monitor and support ongoing laboratory performance. The EQA program was coordinated by the National Centre for Streptococcus (NCS), Edmonton, Canada, and included external proficiency testing (EPT) and a validation process requiring regular submission of a sample of isolates from each laboratory to the NCS for verification of the serotype and MIC. In 1999, the EQA program was decentralized to use three of the original laboratories as regional quality control centers to address operational concerns and to accommodate the growth of the laboratory network to more than 20 countries including the Caribbean region. The overall EPT serotyping accuracies for phase I (1993 to 1998) and phase II (1999 to 2005) were 88.0 and 93.8%, respectively; the MIC correlations within ±1 log
2
dilution of the expected result were 83.0 and 91.0% and the interpretive category agreements were 89.1 and 95.3%. Overall, the validation process serotyping accuracies for phases I and II were 81.9 and 88.1%, respectively, 80.4 and 90.5% for MIC agreement, and 85.8 and 94.3% for category agreement. These results indicate a high level of testing accuracy in participating National Laboratories and a sustained increase in EQA participation in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Spontaneous Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Latently Infected Murine Sensory Ganglia
Authors: Margolis Todd P. , Elfman Fred L. , Leib David , Pakpour Nazzy , Apakupakul Kathleen , Imai Yumi , Voytek Cindy 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTCareful studies of mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) indicate the presence of productive cycle viral gene products and persistent immune response, suggesting ongoing spontaneous viral reactivation in these tissues. In the present study we set out to determine whether infectious virus is present in murine TG latently infected with HSV-1 (KOS). At 37 days after ocular inoculation we found a small amount of infectious virus in ca. 6% of latently infected murine TG. Furthermore, the amount of infectious virus that we detected (PFU per viral antigen-positive neuron) was similar to that detected in acutely infected ganglia. We conclude that spontaneous reactivation of infectious HSV-1 occurs in the mouse TG and is likely the principle cause of viral protein expression in these tissues. We next examined the role of latency-associated transcript (LAT) in spontaneous ganglionic reactivation by examining ganglia latently infected with KOSdlLAT1.8, a LAT deletion virus. Through the use of immunocytochemistry we found that KOSdlLAT1.8 had a rate of spontaneous ganglionic reactivation very similar to that of HSV-1 (KOS). Studying spontaneous ganglionic reactivation of HSV in the mouse TG allows a direct study of viral reactivation from latently infected neurons without the potential confounders and complicating downstream events that accompany the study of viral reactivation by explantation or peripheral viral shedding. Since most cases of human viral shedding and reactivation are not associated with a known trigger, spontaneous ganglionic reactivation of HSV-1 may be a better model of human disease than existing models.
Promoter Complex in the Central Part of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Long Terminal Repeat
Authors: Rouault Francoise , Nejad Asl Shiva Badihi , Rungaldier Stefanie , Fuchs Eva , Salmons Brian , Günzburg Walter H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTUnique among the retroviruses, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) carries, in addition to the usual long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, another promoter, P2, which is located in the central part of the proviral U3 sequence, within the LTR open reading frame (ORF). Using an in vitro reporter system based on a sensitive luciferase expression assay, we investigated the regulation of the P2 promoter in the context of the Mtv-2 and Mtv-8 genomes. Irrespective of the genomic source, the activity of the P2 promoter is regulated by a downstream-located enhancer and an upstream-located negative regulatory element (NRE), the activity of which overrides the activator. During this study, we unexpectedly detected another independent neighboring promoter that we called P3. The novel P3 promoter does not seem to be controlled by any NRE but is influenced by the same enhancer that modulates the P2 promoter. The respective transcription starts of the two promoters located in this tight cluster are only 61 bases apart. The transcripts originating from this promoter complex carry the same first intron, which is bound by canonical splice donor and splice acceptor sites located in the LTR. One novel doubly spliced transcript carrying a 459-nucleotide-long ORF was detected in several MMTV-carrying murine cells and could be successfully expressed in murine cells as a His-tagged fusion product. The novel viral protein, the function of which remains to be elucidated, has an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa.
The Imidazopyrrolopyridine Analogue AG110 Is a Novel, Highly Selective Inhibitor of Pestiviruses That Targets the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase at a Hot Spot for Inhibition of Viral Replication
Authors: Paeshuyse Jan , Chezal Jean-Michel , Froeyen Matheus , Leyssen Pieter , Dutartre Hélène , Vrancken Robert , Canard Bruno , Letellier Carine , Li Tong , Mittendorfer Harald , Koenen Frank , Kerkhofs Pierre , De Clercq Erik , Herdewijn Piet , Puerstinger Gerhard , Gueiffier Alain , Chavignon Olivier , Teulade Jean-Claude , Neyts Johan 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-
a
]pyrrolo[2,3-
c
]pyridin-8-carboxylate (AG110) was identified as a potent inhibitor of pestivirus replication. The 50% effective concentration values for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-induced cytopathic effect, viral RNA synthesis, and production of infectious virus were 1.2 ± 0.5 μM, 5 ± 1 μM, and 2.3 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. AG110 proved inactive against the hepatitis C virus and a flavivirus. AG110 inhibits BVDV replication at a time point that coincides with the onset of intracellular viral RNA synthesis. Drug-resistant mutants carry the E291G mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). AG110-resistant virus is cross-resistant to the cyclic urea compound 1453 which also selects for the E291G drug resistance mutation. Moreover, BVDV that carries the F224S mutation (because of resistance to the imidazopyridine 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5
H
-imidazo[4,5-
c
]pyridine [BPIP]and VP32947) is also resistant to AG110. AG110 did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp but inhibited the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). Molecular modeling revealed that E291 is located in a small cavity near the tip of the finger domain of the RdRp about 7 Å away from F224. Docking of AG110 in the crystal structure of the BVDV RdRp revealed several potential contacts including with Y257. The E291G mutation might enable the free rotation of Y257, which might in turn destabilize the backbone of the loop formed by residues 223 to 226, rendering more mobility to F224 and, hence, reducing the affinity for BPIP and VP32947. It is concluded that a single drug-binding pocket exists within the finger domain region of the BVDV RdRp that consists of two separate but potentially overlapping binding sites rather than two distinct drug-binding pockets.
West Nile Virus-Induced Interferon Production Is Mediated by the Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR
Authors: Gilfoy Felicia D. , Mason Peter W. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
Cells carry a variety of molecules, referred to as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which are able to sense invading pathogens. Interaction of PRRs with viral compounds instigates a signaling pathway(s), resulting in the activation of genes, including those for type I interferon (IFN), which are critical for an effective antiviral response. Here we demonstrate that the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase PKR, which has been shown to function as a PRR in cells treated with the dsRNA mimetic poly(I:C), serves as a PRR in West Nile virus (WNV)-infected cells. Evidence for PKR's role as a PRR was obtained from both human and murine cells. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we demonstrated that PKR gene knockout, posttranscriptional gene silencing of PKR mRNA using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and chemical inhibition of PKR function all interfered with IFN synthesis following WNV infection. In three different human cell lines, siRNA knockdown and chemical inhibition of PKR blocked WNV-induced IFN synthesis. Using the same approaches, we demonstrated that PKR was not necessary for Sendai virus-induced IFN synthesis, suggesting that PKR is particularly important for recognition of WNV infection. Taken together, our data suggest that PKR could serve as a PRR for recognition of WNV infection.