bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Itinéraires du travail domestique en Inde : les filles d'Erayiur
Authors: Varrel Aurélie 
Published: October 2008

Aurélie Varrel — Itineraries of domestic labour in India : the girls from Erayiur.
India has a large but complex domestic labour sector. Little housemaids, adolescents of rural origin employed as servants by the urban middle classes, constitute a particular category, which is nonetheless at the centre of recent mutations. The spatial and professional itineraries of the young girls are supposed to be socially established ; but, in fact, they show diversified and complex patterns, related to their insertion in an economic whole, thereby transforming the archaic image generally associated to domestic employment.
L'évolution du commerce extérieur de l'Argentine et du Brésil traduit-elle une convergence de leurs économies?
Authors: Trotignon Jérôme 
Published: October 2008

Jerome Trotignon — Do the evolution of Argentina's and Brazil's foreign trade suggest a convergence of their economies ?
The process of commercially integrating Argentina's and Brazil's economies began in 1986, long before the creation of Mercosur in 1991. It may well be ushered in by a convergence of the two economies whose traditional cycles are not correlated. The evolution of the foreign trade of the two partner economies during the last fifteen years show that their trade interdependence is growing but their rates of mutual opening remain low. The multilateral diversification of their foreign trade tends to draw them towards export patterns resembling those of industrialized countries. Finally the net progression of their bilateral intra-branch trade suggests a growing linkage of their productive structures. But a more marked convergence may entail the promotion of their customs union, presently suffering from the peso crisis.
La dollarisation cubaine : éléments de réflexion pour une dé-dollarisation
Authors: Herrera Rémy , Nakatani Paulo 
Published: October 2008

Paulo Nakatani and Rémy Herrera — The dollar-Cuba : Elements of reflection for a dollar-disengagement.
This article first proposes to the reader a historical perspective explaining how today's conversion of Cuba into a dollar economy differs from that of the pre- revolutionary period. Secondly, it analyses the causes and mechanisms of the current dollar-conversion, accompanied by an assessment of its economic and social consequences. Thirdly, it examines the terms of the related debate as engaged both within and outside Cuba, as well as the rare but stimulating scenarios of dollar disengagement for Cuba.
Le fonctionnement de l'économie de plantation esclavagiste à Cuba (1790-1868)
Authors: Moulier Boutang Yann 
Published: October 2008

Yann Moulier Boutang — The functioning of the slave-plantation economy in Cuba (1790-1868).
Releasing the Cuban economy from the sugarcane hypertrophy has proven a crucial and recurrent problem for Cuba. Tracing the running of the slave economy from 1790 to 1870, as corresponds to the period of the cane specialization, helps to understand the whole social system designed to ensure labour supply. The article presents the principal determinants of the growth of slave labour stocking and the dynamics deforming the system. It shows how the « whitening » of the population and the complexity of social stratification came to hinge onto the openings of the legal, economic and demographic headways. It is around the large plantations that productivity, rural migration and social compromises were brought into interplay.
L'État et la monnaie en Amérique latine. Les tendances à la dollarisation
Authors: Morandi Angela Maria , Nakatani Paulo , Vasconcellos Pessôa de Mendonça Luis Jorge 
Published: October 2008

Angela Maria Morandi, Paulo Nakatani, Luiz Jorge Vasconcellos Pessôa de Mendonça — The state and national money in Latin America : Tendencies towards a dollar economy.
The tendency towards the transformation of Latin America into a dollar economy tends to modify international relations. This article departs from the basic tenet that the function of the values of the national monies concerned is determined by the parameters of the American economy to the extent that gains in labour productivity tend to follow by the same rule. The article then determines the function of the monetary authorities in respect to such a setting. Finally it shows how such developments are reflected through the strategies adopted by firms in the most dynamic sectors. In so doing, the authors assess the alterations of the competitive milieu in which the firms operate, that is the external, structural and systemic factors.
Crédit rural et politiques publiques dans le sertâo brésilien
Authors: Abramovay Ricardo 
Published: October 2008

Ricardo Abramovay — Rural loans and public policies in the Brazilian Sertâo.
The policy of reinforcing family agriculture has changed the relationship of the Brazilian State to its rural milieu. 750 000 families have benefited from credit, while half of them had never had any access to finances before. The use of bank intermediation however constitutes a bottleneck that threatens the integrity of the policy itself. Banks are very selective, they tend to avoid the most poor of the rural population or limit their access to credit only. Local financing constitutes a means stimulating the economic initiatives of rural inhabitants, in particular in the Sertâo-semi-arid region of the Northwest.
Microfinance et dynamiques économiques : quels effets après dix ans d'innovations financières ?
Authors: Doligez François 
Published: October 2008

François Doligez — Micro-finance and economic dynamics : What effects after ten years of financial innovations ?
This article examines some questions related to the impact of micro-finance on the « real sphere » : who has access to credit ? Does it improve revenues and investments and therefore the local economy or, on the contrary, does it induce negative effects on the consumption and the living levels of the borrowers ? The article is based on fieldwork concerning three rural micro-credit networks in Benin, in Guinea and in Nicaragua. The comparative analysis of more than 3 000 surveys brings to light the ambivalent development of access to credits and illustrates, beyond standardised methods that are frequently used, the importance of socioeconomic effects.
Les pratiques financières des femmes entrepreneurs. Exemples sénégalais
Authors: Guérin Isabelle 
Published: October 2008

Isabelle Guérin — The financial practices of women entrepreneurs : Senegalese examples.
African entrepreneurs in general, and women in particular, are confronted with two types of demands with distinctive temporalities : daily survival and the respect of long-term community obligations. Such a duality obliges them to reconsider management criteria : accordingly the amount of securities and debts becomes determinant. This article brings to light two principal results from the analysis of statistical and social data on the entrepreneurial activities of Senegalese women. The first concerns the magnitude and dynamics of financial activities : if women are able to stabilise their activities, it is due to their invention of new and collective forms of financial practices. The second bears on the diverse experiences that must be linked to the ambivalence in regard to debt.
Le secteur endogène va-t-il disparaître ? Tontine, « usuriers » et Crédit rural de Guinée
Authors: Lambert Agnès , Condé Kefing 
Published: October 2008

Agnès Lambert and Kefing Condé — Will the indigenous sector disappear ? Rotative savings, loan sharks and rural credit in Guinea.
Contrary to the expected effects of liberalisation policies, financial markets are segmented between commercial banks, micro-finance and the indigenous sector. The analysis of practices, through the study of financial market structuring in Guniea Conakry, demonstrates a complex reality. The same agents, producers, traders or functionaries ultimately turn either to the micro-financial sector (the rural credit scheme) either to the rotative savings or to usurers for solutions to their multiple problems. All the while, the two sectors continue to feed and transform each other : the intermediary sector frees the borrower of the usurer while allowing him to nourish the indigenous sector.
Comprendre et limiter les violences : une présentation
Authors: Cartier-Bresson Jean 
Published: October 2008

Jean Cartier-Bresson — Understanding and limiting violence : A presentation
A new understanding of violent internal conflicts has emerged form the initiatives of numerous researchers in international relations. It stresses the ethnic character of the conflicts and their economic objectives (looting). As an aggregate of crimes and homicides in third world countries, the theme amounts to a new agenda for security. In the light of various contributions, this presentation challenges the dominant view and attempts to clarify the basis of debates on the causes and consequences of violence, as well as the means to reduce it.
Matières premières, violences et conflits armés
Authors: Le Billon Philippe 
Published: October 2008

Philippe Le Billon — Raw materials, violence and armed conflicts
A number of armed conflicts in the third world are financed with raw materials. The relative importance of such income is on the increase, given the diminishing benefits of what is hereby termed as the geo-strategic rent of the cold war. The control of raw materials, territories and marketing networks now influence the strategies of armed groups, the process of conflicts and their resolution. It is however simplistic to qualify these as « resources wars », principally motivated by the cupidity of combatants. Foreign commercial interests and the state of dependency on raw materials, at times resulting in State delinquency, are just as important factors to take into account.
Colombie : un pari encore incertain
Authors: Le Bonniec Yves 
Published: October 2008

Yves Le Bonniec — Colombia : an uncertain bet
The recent Colombian attempt to ensure universal health insurance stems from a political conjuncture featuring social protection reform as solution to a serious political legitimacy crisis. Engaging in such a program have been impossible without this particular historical context, which draws the limits of the reform. The universalising process focuses on health insurance coverage to groups with no access to the contributory scheme. The implementation of this program reveals the ambiguities and constraints of a politically driven process that simultaneously aims at health protection and poverty reduction. Finally, by using structural analysis to several welfare regimes, one may outline the paradigm likely to shape the Colombian social protection system.
Le capital social comme protection sociale ? Le cas de la Mauritanie
Authors: Ballet Jérôme , Hamzetta Bilal 
Published: October 2008

Jérôme Ballet and Bilal O. Hamzetta — Social capital as social protection ?
The case of Mauritania The associative or communal approach presupposes that the spontaneous organization of individuals and the issuing binding norms suffice to ensure adequate protection and a whole set of social goods and services. This article illustrates the difficulties that such a proposition may be confronted with in the case of Mauritania. While distinguishing voluntarily mobilized social capital as opposed to social capital mobilized through constraint, it shows that in both cases, the well-to-do still get better social protection to the expense of the poor. This partly explains the shortcomings of social protection based on associative capital.
La performance opérationnelle des ONG humanitaires : une analyse en termes d'enjeux institutionnels
Authors: Quéinnec Erwan 
Published: October 2008

MISCELLANEOUS Erwan Quéinnec — The operational performance of humanitarian NGOs ; an analysis featuring institutional stakes
After two decades of almost unconditional success, ngos are now being questioned on their operational success mainly by funding agencies. So while the need for humanitarian services for beneficiary societies remains unchallenged, consensus still lacks on ways to conceive them. Indeed, beyond exhortations, humanitarian action is also belied by incentives, sanctions and institutional constraints. The author maintains that humanitarian action could in fact thrive without being really assessed, and as such appears to be resorting to a « resource economy » model.
Le cercle vicieux des crises bancaire, monétaire et financière en Turquie
Authors: Vérez. Jean-Claude 
Published: October 2008

Jean-Claude Vérez — The vicious circle of banking, monetary and financial crises in Turkey
Turkey suffered a serious economic crisis in 2001. The national income fell by 10 % ; the number of the unemployed grew by a million, the exchange rate has been falling regularly and inflation remains very high. The causes are of banking, monetary and financial nature. While the financial liberalization of the 90s affecting the region since the gulf war may contribute to the explanation, the main reasons are structural. So while Turkey's candidature for the membership in the European Union is accepted, the current situation remains full of incertitude.
Pauvreté, crime et croissance en Colombie : disparités régionales
Authors: Rocha Ricardo , Martinez Hermes 
Published: October 2008

Ricardo Rocha and Hermes Martinez — Poverty, crime and growth in Colombia : Regional disparities
This article entails a two-stage empirical study of the relationships between poverty, criminality and economic growth, on the basis of literature and statistical analysis, from departmental data covering the 1981-1998 period. Privations suffered by the population and reduced opportunity costs resulting from low budgetary provisions favour criminality, which in turn has negative repercussions on the saving-investment process. The results obtained suggest that despite the development of drug trafficking, the risks of increasing poverty and the loss of growth would have been higher if Columbia had not experienced a parallel economic and social progress. The results also bring to light the importance of political goodwill in improving growth.
La « force du Saint-Esprit » au service de la mondialisation
Authors: Aubrée Marion 
Published: October 2008

Marion Aubrée — The «force of the Holy Spirit » in the service of globalization
The numerical explosion of the Pentecostal current in Latin America has brought about reformulations inducing behavior related to the national and cultural fabric of its insertion. Brazil in this respect is particularly revealing of creativity given its numerous denominations tuned to new globalization determinants. Among these, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God has followed a remarkable path leading to Europe, among other places, whereby it is actively involved in proselytizing and addressing mainly African and Caribbean immigrants. The analysis studies the ritual adaptations of what the author terms as a « Neo-Pentecostalism » to the original cultures of the
L'hindouisme nationalisé et internationalisé
Authors: Heuzé Djallal G. 
Published: October 2008

Djallal G. HEUZÉ — Nationalized and internationalized Hinduism
Hinduism might be the set of religious practices and ideologies which endured the deepest evolution during the past thirty years. The process of change was the result of a long maturation made of reformism and reaction combined and com- plexely interacting. New phenomenas as the rise of unemployed youth, specific inferiority complexes and armed confrontations, helped to pave the way for a new kind of hinduism and hindu attitudes, nationalist, politicised, somewhat centralised and more and more simple. The contribution explains how the complex set of communal attitudes and history between hindus and muslims have helped to promote this evolution. It also introduces the major role played by the polemics about a small mosque of the Gangetic Plain. As it is finally argued, the process of internationalisation of hindu perspectives and organisations is related to its nationalisation.
La libéralisation financière : une déstructuration de la cohérence des modèles de développement thaïlandais et malais
Authors: Donadieu José 
Published: October 2008

José Donadieu — Financial liberalization : Disarticulation of the coherence of the Malayan and Thailand models
The financial liberalization carried out in Malaya and Thailand between the early 1980s and the early 1990s has disarticulated the coherence of the two countries' development models, without creating a new one. In particular, it involves the weakening of domestic financial institutions due to the increase of foreign currency debts, rendering them vulnerable to rate volatility, and due to financing investment projects unlikely to ensure improvement through local, and long-term industrial specialization.
L'épidémie du sida et les migrants en Asie
Authors: Simonet Daniel 
Published: October 2008

Daniel SlMONET — The aids epidemic and migrants in Asia
The article presents migratory movements in Asia and their role in the spread of aids. The impact of the disease on sectors employing migrants is analyzed in terms of economic and human costs. The second part studies the strategies of prevention. These are spread through information and according to legislation but also include sectoral and micro-economic measures.
La misère du Liban : une population appauvrie, peu d'État et plusieurs solidarités souterraines
Authors: Kochuyt Thierry 
Published: October 2008

Thierry Kochuyt — The misery of Lebanon : An impoverished population, little state and several underground networks of solidarity.
Due to a dualisation of the income structure and because of the present economic crisis, Lebanon faces a poverty which affects approximately one third of its population. And yet this issue is hardly addressed at the national level for ideological, financial and institutional reasons. This does not mean that poverty is completely ignored because the management of social inequality also takes place at a sub-national level where families, confessions and political elites dominate. These entities show solidarity with the poor who, in return, contribute to maintaining the traditional hegemonies of their donors.
ONG : les pièges de la professionnalisation. Introduction
Authors: Le Naëlou Anne 
Published: October 2008

Anne Le Naëlou — NGO's : The traps of professionalizing. Introduction.
The role of NGO's involved in development and international solidarity is increasingly complex and difficult to appreciate, in the context of the profound political mutations accompanying international relations crises, with the diminishing of development aid and the reduction of the ngo's share in the new configuration of intervening actors (urgencies or development). Professionalizing is therefore under consideration by NGO's and by funding agencies as a prospective for the changing of this private non-lucrative sector. Some appreciation is hereby made as regards the meanings and stakes of these changes.
Être un professionnel de l'humanitaire ou comment composer avec le cadre imposé
Authors: Dauvin Pascal 
Published: October 2008

Pascal Dauvin — Being a professional of the humanitarian or how to compose with an imposed framework.
This contribution aims at showing how the professionalizing of NGO's is a logic imposed by funding agencies and by the countries beneficiaries of aid. This manner of professionalizing is however not straight forward for expatriates who do not perceive the NGO's as organisations that function according to strict « managerial » terms. Considering actions observed in the field, the actions of NGO's thus appear as determined by trial and error or arrangements depending on the identity of the actors and the contexts of their intervention.
Une vision nouvelle de l'Afrique aujourd'hui?
Authors: Courade Georges 
Published: October 2008

Georges Courade — A new vision of today 's Africa ?
Analyses of the death of the continent are not new. While the one of Stephen Smith springs from popular clichés, it is nonetheless nuanced and clarifies a number of points. However, identifying with and addressing oneself to afro-centrists and to their friend's, amounts to an attitude that may be familiar in France but incomprehensible in the south of the Sahara.
L'Afrique est-elle soluble dans la violence ?
Authors: Janin Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Janin — Does Africa amount to no more than its violence ?
Africa is frequently stigmatised for its ills and excesses. For the keen observer that S. Smith is, the continent confirms this peculiar difference by unleashing multiple forms of violence. Thus yielding to the prevailing afro-pessimism, the journalist proposes a univocal view of Africa, hence forgetting to indicate the existence of ways out.
Gestion spatio-temporelle de la soudure alimentaire dans le Sahel burkinabé
Authors: Janin Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Janin — Spatiotemporal management of food supply in Burkinabé Sahel.
Sahel zones are marked by food risks (unavailability, insufficiency, fluctuation, inaccessibility). One of the difficulties for researchers and decision makers consists of assessing this risk in time and in space and in measuring the real vulnerability of the communities. Given the weak capacity of governments and international organisations to intervene and to forecast shortages, households have to individually manage the strategic periods of supply. However, to fight against seasonal food insecurity, they have a limited number of responses which must be associated with the adequate temporal management of their granaries.
Réalités, perceptions et usages des « famines vertes » du Sud éthiopien
Authors: Planel Sabine 
Published: October 2008

Sabine Planěl — Realities, perceptions and uses of « green famines » in Southern Ethiopia.
In Ethiopia, the mechanisms of redistribution of food aid are profoundly unequal depending on the regions, due to the remarkable ignorance of the various agrarian systems. Therefore, since their appearance in the 1980's, the «green famines » of the Ethiopian South, former granary, receive less aid. The case study of Wolaita, hereby presented, shows how inherited representations of space, territories and societies, shape the management of food aid policy at times without any relevance to food problems, with the resulting risk of aggravating preferences and ethno-regional inequalities as regards development in a weak federal country.
Le modèle de la croissance excluante et l'insécurité économique dans le Mercosur depuis 1990
Authors: Saludjian Alexis 
Published: October 2008

Alexis Saludjian — Excluding growth regime and economical insecurity in Mercosur countries since 1990.
Through a statistical study based on a methodology developed by D. Rodrik, this article gives new empirical evidence of the excluding growth regime that happened in Latin America during the 1990s. Indeed, in spite of macroeconomic volatility, some economists suggest that growth did not benefit in a homogeneous way to the population. The wage earners have been particularly concerned and excluded from the benefits of growth, even though the labour productivity has increased.
Stratégies actives et stratégies passives d'exportation en Amérique latine et en Asie orientale
Authors: Palma José Gabriel 
Published: October 2008

José Gabriel Palma - Export-led strategies in Latin America and East Asia: Growth as a product- and institution-specific phenomenon.
This paper investigates the growth implications of the old controversy of whether there is a difference for developing countries between exporting potato-chips and micro-chips. It concludes that the experience of Latin America and East Asia since 1980 (i.e., during the period of "globalisation") clearly shows that growth is indeed a product- and institution-specific phenomenon.