bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal studies of thigh circumference growth in normal fetuses
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Rossavik Ivar K. , Cortissoz Catherine , Hill Reba M. , Hadlock Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo characterize the growth of the thigh circumference (ThC) in individual fetuses, longitudinal studies of ThC growth were carried out in 20 fetuses between 19 (±1.8) and 38 (±1.5) weeks, menstrual age. Because of measurement uncertainties, analysis of growth patterns was limited to the data collected after 22 weeks. The Rossavik growth model fit the data well [R2: 95.8(± 2.9 SD)%], but considerable coefficient variability was seen, particularly for the coefficient K. Use of the coefficient k‐value (1.138) derived from a cross‐sectional data set reduced the variability of the coefficient c by 95% and made the results of the longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies consistent with each other. This K ‐value was taken as the appropriate one for ThC growth curves. Studies of ThC growth in individual fetuses revealed considerable variability in growth curve shape, although the majority of curves could be approximated by a straight line. No differences between growth curves for males and females could be detected. The average longitudinal ThC growth curve was found to be very similar to the growth curve obtained in a cross‐sectional study of ThC growth. ThC growth after 26.1 weeks could be predicted with an accuracy of ± 15% from growth models derived from the data obtained before 26.1 weeks. These results indicate that ThC growth after 22 weeks (as with other parameters) can be followed in individual fetuses. However, because of the greater inherent variability in growth patterns, using each fetus as its own control may be more important.
Doppler color flow imaging
Authors: Merritt Christopher R. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy simultaneous processing of frequency, phase, and amplitude information in the backscattered ultrasound signal, new instruments now permit the realtime display of high‐resolution grey scale images of tissue combined with the simultaneous display of flow data from vessels within the scan plane. Doppler Color Flow Imaging, or DCFI, using such processing, permits blood flow direction and relative velocity to be detected and displayed in a color encoded display from throughout the ultrasound image. We have tested a new Doppler color flow imaging system over a period of two years to evaluate the carotid arteries, peripheral arteries and veins, and dialysis fistulas. In the abdomen and pelvis we have imaged blood flow to the liver, spleen, kidneys, uterus and renal transplants. Our experience in over 500 patients leads us to conclude that DCFI has significant advantages over conventional duplex Doppler sonography for blood flow evaluation. For examination of carotid and peripheral vessels, we have found DCFI to permit more rapid assessment in both normal and abnormal states. Areas of vessel narrowing or turbulent flow may be identified rapidly and accurately, and vessel orientation may be determined precisely, allowing accurate calculation of blood flow velocity from Doppler frequency shifts. The system we have used has adequate penetration and sensitivity to allow imaging of hepatic and renal blood flow and is extremely promising as a method of imaging organ perfusion and in the detection of abnormalities of perfusion that accompany disease, such as transplant rejection. Tumor vascularity may also be identified with DCFI, opening the possibilty of additional clinical applications.
Clinical utility of Doppler ultrasound in cardiac diseases
Authors: Nouri Soraya , Labovitz Arthur J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the past decade Doppler echocardiography has evolved to an extent that it has become a major noninvasive tool for cardiac evaluation in both acquired and congenital heart disease.This article describes current applications of Doppler techniques in the evaluation of cardiac anatomy and hemodynamics. The principles and methods employed in the use of Doppler echocardiography are described and illustrated for assessment and quantitation of flow velocities, pressure gradients, valve areas, valve regurgitation, stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac shunts, and diastolic filling indices.The increasing accuracy of these applications has led to a substantial reduction in the need for invasive diagnostic methods, such as cardiac catheterization, especially in patients where frequent follow‐up evaluations are indicated.
Doppler evaluation of the renal transplant
Authors: Needleman Laurence , Kurtz Alfred B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWell‐established roles for Doppler ultrasound assessment of renal transplants include postoperative evaluation for vascular occlusion and detection of renal artery stenosis. Doppler studies can often differentiate rejecting transplants from those that normally function. While very high Doppler indices are specific for rejection, waveforms in acute tubular necrosis may be abnormal. Mild cases of rejection may have normal waveforms. Further investigation is needed to determine the role of Doppler methods in graft dysfunction and to establish methods to improve their specificity.
Ultrasonography of the peroneal nerve muscle group in normal subjects and patients with peroneal paresis
Authors: Boonstra A. M. , van Weerden T. W. , te Strake L. , Hillen B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for measuring the cross‐sectional area (CS area) of the peroneal nerve muscle groups (PNMG) by ultrasonography is presented. The method has a good reliability and can be performed easily. The mean value of the ratio (× 100) of the right‐sided PNMG CS area to the left‐sided PNMG CS area in right‐handed normal subjects was 98%, with a standard deviation of 8.5%. The normal range for this value was 81%−115% (mean ± 2 SD). Examples of these measurements in patients with peroneal pareses during denervation and reinnervation are given.
“Bullet”‐shaped head in fetuses with spina bifida: A pointer to the spinal lesion
Authors: Chambers Sarah E. , Muir Berenice B. , Bell Jeanne E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA “bullet”‐shaped head, characterized by flattening in the parietal regions with pointing of the frontal bones, was noted in ultrasound examinations of fetuses with neural tube defects. In a series of 12 fetuses with spinal defects, this finding was present in nine. This abnormal head shape is a useful pointer to the spinal lesion.
Unusual causes of sonographic nonvisualization or nonrecognition of the gallbladder: A review
Authors: Hammond D. Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNonvisualization of the gallbladder by ultrasound in a fasting patient usually indicates calculous gallbladder disease. However, a number of other less common conditions can prevent gallbladder visualization or recognition. The latter occurs when the location or the morphology of the gallbladder is so altered that the gallbladder is difficult to identify. These conditions can be classified as: (1) congenital anomalies, (2) gallbladder contraction not due to stones, (3) conditions that cause shadowing or reverberation from the near wall of the gallbladder, and (4) the solid gallbladder pattern. Their distinction is important to proper patient management.
Measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness and subcutaneous tissue thickness in normal children by real‐time ultrasound imaging
Authors: Heckmatt J. Z. , Pier N. , Dubowitz V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA reproducible ultrasound imaging technique is described for measurement of midthigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness. We studied 276 children including those attending hospital outpatient clinics with non‐neurological disorders, newborn babies on the obstetric wards, and children attending a local primary school. There was no significant difference in muscle depth between girls and boys, but girls had a significantly greater subcutaneous tissue depth than boys. The results of this study provide a basis for the study of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy in neuromuscular disease.
Ultrasonic evaluation of urethrovesical junction in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Bergman Arieh , Ballard Charles A. , Platt Lawrence D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn ultrasonic evaluation of the bladder base and urethrovesical junction, at rest and during stress, using a tansrectal probe, was performed on 24 continent and 67 incontinent patients. Forty‐four of the incontinent patients had clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of stress urinary incontinence and 23 patients had detrusor instability incontinence.Thirty‐eight of the 44 patients (86%)with urodynamically and urethroscopically proven genuine stress urinary incontinence and a weak urethral sphincter had a urethrovesical junction (UVJ) drop during stress of ≥ 1 cm (mean 1.3 cm ± 0.6 cm), as demonstrated on transrectal ultrasonic evaluation. All 23 patients with detrusor instability and 22 of the 24 continent (control) patients had UVJ drop on straining of <1cm (mean 0.48 cm ± 0.23 cm and 0.54 cm ± 0.29 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). The sensitivity of ultrasonic evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence (when 1‐cm drop of UVJ is considered as the upper boundary of normal) was 86% and the specificity was 91%. This ultrasound technique is quick, simple, and appears to be accurate. We believe this technique should be considered in the preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence.
Simple adnexal cysts diagnosed by ultrasound in postmenopausal women
Authors: Andolf Ellika , Jörgensen Connie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty simple adnexal cysts in postmenopausal women detected by sonography were followed prospectively. The cysts were totally anechoic or with at most two septations. Size varied from 2 cm to 8 cm, but one was as large as 17 cm. Only seven were discovered at the pelvic examination prior to the scan. Fifteen underwent surgery and no malignant tumor was found. The remaining 15 were followed by sonography only. Six lesions had disappeared after one month, altogether 12 had disappeared after seven months. After two years, only two 2‐cm cysts remained. The results indicate that surgery on simple adnexal cysts may not be necessary but they should be followed by sonography.
Sonographic examination of the adult brain
Authors: Berland Lincoln L. , Bryan Cindy R. , Sekar B. Chandra , Moss C. Neil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhased‐array real‐time tranascranial ultrasound with a 2.5‐MHz transducer was used to examine 23 normal adult volunteers and patients, and 8 selected patients with abnormalities proven by computed tomography. Normal cerebral landmarks were consistently seen and pulsed Doppler signals were often obtainable from central cerebral arteries. Dilated lateral ventricles, subdural hygromas, or cerebral masses were identified in 6 of the 8 patients. In the 2 others abnormal cases, known suprasellar aneurysms were missed. While current technology will not provide accurate screening for cerebral abnormalities, ultrasound imaging may often be adequate for follow‐up examinations and for midline evaluation, and may provide simplified preoperative localization of some brain lesions. Doppler ultrasound examinations may be used for intracranial vessel hemodynamic evaluation.
The real‐time ultrasonography of pancreatic pseudocyst: Comparison of infected and noninfected pseudocysts
Authors: Lee Chuan‐Mo , Chang‐Chien Chi‐Sin , Lin Deng‐Yn , Yang Chaur‐Young , Sheen I‐Shyan , Chen Wen‐Jen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe real‐time ultrasonograms of 15 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts (10 infected and 5 noninfected) were analyzed to evaluate difference in ultrasound characteristics between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts. Only those who underwent ultrasound‐guided aspiration or operation within one week after sonography were reviewed according to the size, multiplicity, air content, internal echoes, and wall characteristics (such as thickness, regularity, and calcification) of pseudocysts. Among these ultrasonographic features of pseudocysts, there was no statistically significant difference between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts in cyst size, wall characteristics (thickness, regularity, and calcification), multiplicity, and air content. The most important and unique feature was the internal echoes within the pseudocyst. The internal echoes were classified into three grades. All the infected pseudocysts and one noninfected pseudocyst had internal echoes of grade 2 or higher, while the most noninfected pseudocysts had internal echoes of grade 1. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0037). These results indicate that grading internal echogenicity of the pseudocysts with real‐time ultrasonographies can add additional information important in differentiating infected from noninfected pseudocysts.
Portable obstetrical ultrasound calculation and analysis using an inexpensive laptop microcomputer and simple basic program
Authors: Dunne Morgan G , Dunne Sean B 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a commercially available inexpensive portable laptop microcomputer and a simple user‐friendly software package that allows rapid, portable obstetrical ultrasound calculation in the reading room, delivery suite, office setting, or over the telephone. The program is written in BASIC and may be modified by the user. The programming philosophy is described and a variety of BASIC subroutines and formulae useful to the obstetrical sonologist are listed. All fetal parameter formulae are referenced.
Dynamic ultrasonography of capsulo‐ligamentous knee joint traumas
Authors: de Flaviis Luca , Nessi Renato , Leonardi Manlio , Ulivi Michele 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography was performed on 10 patients with acute posttraumatic conditions of the knee in which X‐ray films could exclude the presence of fractures. In 2 of 10 cases, the sonographic picture was normal; in the remaining 8 patients, ultrasonography disclosed capsulo‐ligamentous lesions of different degrees of severity that were confirmed by surgery in 5 of 8 cases.The main sonographic signs of articular traumas were abnormal widening of the joint space (7 cases), intra‐articular hemorrhage (8 cases), rupture of the medial collateral ligament (4 cases), or irregularity of its structure (3 cases).Ultrasonography is proposed as an effective and simple first‐line method for the study of knee joint traumas. It can be performed in all cases presenting with painful joint swelling without radiographical evidence of fractures.
High‐resolution hip ultrasound in the limping child
Authors: Alexander J. E. , Seibert J. J. , Glasier C. M. , Williamson S. L. , Aronson J. , McCarthy R. E. , Rodgers A. B. , Corbitt S. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHip ultrasound was performed on 44 children (114 exams) presenting with a painful hip or a limp thought to be due to hip disease. Effusions were found in 20 patients (21 hips). Hip ultrasound in combination with aspiration of the joint was found to be useful in diagnosis of osteomyelitis and septic joints, transient synovitis, trauma, and traumatic synovitis. We had no false positives or false negatives for hip effusions by ultrasound. In previous reports, absolute measurements have been relied upon for determination of hip effusions. We present a characteristic appearance of a capsule with and without abnormal joints fluid. The results of these 44 patients are summarized.
Individual growth curve standards for fetal head and abdominal circumferences: Effect of the type of measurement on growth prediction
Authors: Stefos Theodor , Deter Russell L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHead and abdominal circumferences (HC, AC) can be measured directly or estimated from diameters. Accurate prediction of circumference growth after 26 weeks depends on growth model specification and the quality of the circumference measurement method used. To evaluate the effect of the method of measurement, direct and estimated HC and AC values from 20 normal fetuses, obtained between 15 and 38 weeks, were used to determine two pairs of functions for specifying HC and AC growth models. The two HC and AC data sets and pairs of model specification functions were used in various combinations to determine HC and AC growth models, to predict growth after 26 weeks, and to compare predicted values to actual measurements. Systematic and random prediction errors were determined for each combination. For HC no differences in either type of error were found. Similar results were obtained for AC with one exception, a statistically significant difference in systematic error between the directly measured circumferences — model specification based on estimated values combination and the estimated circumferences — model specification based on directly measured values combination. These results indicate that the prediction of future HC and AC growth is not significantly affected by the type of circumference measurement procedure used except in extreme cases where circumference measurements are made on parts of the body that can be easily distorted.
Ultrasound‐guided puncture of cystic tumors in the lower pelvis of young women
Authors: Granberg S. , Crona N. , Enk L. , Hammarberg K. , Wikland M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the period from 1984 through 1986, 72 ultrasound‐guided cyst punctures were performed in 60 young women (≤40 years). Thirty‐one punctures were performed using the transabdominal route and 41 punctures under the guidance of endovaginal scanning. General or local anesthesia were used in 97% of the transabdominal punctures while the corresponding figure for the endovaginal technique was 49%.Seventy‐seven percent (46/60) of the women developed no new cysts within one year of the last puncture. Thirteen percent (8/60) had to be punctured twice and 3% (2/60) three times. No complications occurred in any of the 72 punctures. Of those women with cyst relapses and/or persistent abdominal pain, 7 were subjected to laparotomy and 5 to laparoscopy.Ultrasound‐guided puncture of cystic tumors in the lower pelvis of young women seems to be an alternative to laparoscopically guided puncture or laparotomy. As compared to surgery, the ultrasound‐guided technique may mean less risk for pelvic adhesions in young women with unproven fertility.
Ultrasound in the diagnosis of lymphoma: A review
Authors: Jackson F. I. , Lalani Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective review of the ultrasound examination of 138 patients suffering from lymphoma has been undertaken. The value of ultrasound in determining the extent of disease throughout the body has been demonstrated, as well as some of the uses of ultrasound in therapy. The limitations of ultrasound examinations are also described.
Puncture of the seminal vesicles guided by a transrectal real‐time linear scanner
Authors: Abe Masahiro , Watanabe Hiroki , Kojima Munekado , Saitoh Masahito , Ohe Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn interventional technique using a transrectal real‐time linear scanner has been applied to the transperineal puncture of the seminal vesicles in 143 patients. The composition of this group was as follows: seminal vesiculitis, 98; hemospermia, 20; and prostatic cancer, 25. The aspiration of fluid and the injection of antibiotics and/or steroid drugs into the vesicles were performed for the diagnosis and treatment of seminal vesiculitis and hemospermia. Clinical symptoms improved in 62% of the former and in 50% of the latter cases. Cancer cells were detected in aspirated vesicular fluid in 7 out of 17 cases with prostatic cancer. A remarkable improvement in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer invasion into the seminal vesicles can be expected from this new diagnostic procedure.
Utility of sono‐graphic gallbladder wall patterns in differentiating malignant from cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Huang Yi‐Shin , Lee Shou‐Dong , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Wang Sun‐Sang , Lin Han‐Chieh , Tsai Yang‐Te 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐one patients with ascites associated with malignancy and 49 patients with cirrhotic ascites were enrolled in a sono‐graphic study of the gallbladder wall. Three gallbladder wall patterns were recognized: A, single‐layered, nonthickened wall; B, single‐layered, thickened wall; and C, double‐layered, thickened wall. Pattern A was found more frequently in patients with malignant ascites, while patterns B and C were detected more frequently in patients with cirrhotic ascites. If “nonthickened gallbladder wall” is used as a criterion for prediction of malignant ascites, the sensitivity is 80.6% and the specificity 93.9%. This suggests that sono‐graphic examination of the gallbladder wall is useful in the differentiation of malignant from cirrhotic ascites.
Prediction of normal fetal growth by the Rossavik growth model using two scans before 27 weeks, menstrual age
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Deter Russell L. , Shearer David M. , Levisky John S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndividual growth curve standards for five fetal anatomic parameters (head and abdominal circumferences, head and abdominal cubes, and femur diaphysis length) and estimated fetal weight were prospectively developed in 70 pregnant women who delivered infants with growth considered appropriate‐for‐menstrual age. For this purpose, we used the Rossavik growth model (P = c (t)k + s(t)rpar;, model specification functions previously reported, and the data of two scans before 27.0 weeks of menstrual age, separated by an interval of at least 5 weeks. The anatomic parameters and estimated weights of these fetuses in the last 14 weeks of gestation were found to have values close to their projected standards. Whereas there was a significant, although small, systematic error of overprediction for most of the parameters and estimated fetal weight, deviations between observed and expected values were, with few exceptions, within the ranges established by Deter for normal growth. This study demonstrates that the Rossavik growth model could be used to predict normal fetal growth in a sample of patients different from those from which the model was developed.
The ultrasound spectrum of emphysematous cholecystitis
Authors: Bloom Ronald A. , Libson Eugene , Lebensart Pinchus D. , Craciun Eli , Klin Baruch , Fields Scott I. , Haskell Liliana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report presents a gamut of ultrasound signs that may be seen in emphysematous cholecystitis. These can be summarized as follows:

Intraluminal gas: (a) A dense band of hyper‐reflective echoes with distal reverberations when gallbladder is full of gas. (b) A band of reverberations in the gas‐filled portion of the gallbladder with the usual signs of cholecystitis in the bile‐filled portion when the gallbladder is partially full of gas.
Intramural gas: (c) An area of high reflectivity in the gallbladder wall with reverberations that may change position with change in position of patient, (d) A bright hyper‐reflective ring emanating from the whole circumference of the gallbladder.
The influence of heart rate and age on diastolic blood flow velocity in the left ventricular inflow tract
Authors: van Dam Ina , Delemarre Ben , Hopman Jeroen , de Boo Theo , Uiterwaal Cuno , Fast Jules , van Oort Anton , van der Werf Tjeerd , Daniéls Otto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between age‐related blood flow velocity and heart rate in the left ventricular inflow tract, we studied 118 healthy volunteers (age > 15 years). The maximal velocity (Vmax) of the transmitral diastolic flow during early ventricular filling (E) and during filling due to atrial contraction (A) was measured at 3 sites in the left ventricle with pulsed Doppler echocardiography. At all these sites a significant positive correlation was found between the VmaxA and the EA ratio and the interaction of heart rate and age. VmaxA increases if age and heart rate increase. The influence of the interaction of age and heart rate on VmaxA is most pronounced near the mitral annulus. VmaxA is only related to age and decreases with advancing age. Our observations contribute to the explanation of the more important role of the atrial contraction in the elderly.