bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAYLIELLA GEN. NOV. IN THE TRIBE CERAMIEAE (CERAMIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) BASED ON MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE1
Authors: Cho Tae Oh , Boo Sung Min , Hommersand Max H. , Maggs Christine A. , McIvor Lynne , Fredericq Suzanne 
Published: May 2008

On the basis of comparative morphology and phylogenetic analyses of rbcL and LSU rDNA sequence data, a new genus, Gayliella gen. nov., is proposed to accommodate the Ceramium flaccidum complex (C. flaccidum, C. byssoideum, C. gracillimum var. byssoideum, and C. taylorii), C. fimbriatum, and a previously undescribed species from Australia. C. transversale is reinstated and recognized as a distinct species. Through this study, G. flaccida (Kützing) comb. nov., G. transversalis (Collins et Hervey) comb. nov., G. fimbriata (Setchell et N. L. Gardner) comb. nov., G. taylorii comb. nov., G. mazoyerae sp. nov., and G. womersleyi sp. nov. are based on detailed comparative morphology. The species referred to as C. flaccidum and C. dawsonii from Brazil also belong to the new genus. Comparison of Gayliella with Ceramium shows that it differs from the latter by having an alternate branching pattern; three cortical initials per periaxial cell, of which the third is directed basipetally and divides horizontally; and unicellular rhizoids produced from periaxial cells. Our phylogenetic analyses of rbcL and LSU rDNA gene sequence data confirm that Gayliella gen. nov. represents a monophyletic clade distinct from most Ceramium species including the type species, C. virgatum. We also transfer C. recticorticum to the new genus Gayliella.
TRANSPORT AND DEFENSIVE ROLE OF ELATOL AT THE SURFACE OF THE RED SEAWEEDLAURENCIA OBTUSA(CERAMIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Sudatti Daniela B. , Rodrigues Silvana V. , Coutinho Ricardo , Da Gama Bernardo A. P. , Salgado Leonardo T. , Amado Filho Gilberto M. , Pereira Renato C. 
Published: May 2008

Natural within‐thallus concentrations of elatol produced byLaurencia obtusa(Huds.) J. V. Lamour. inhibit herbivory and prevent fouling. However, elatol occurs in larger amounts within the thallus compared with the quantities from the surface of this alga. We evaluated whether the surface elatol concentrations inhibit both herbivory and fouling and whether the content of corps en cerise can be transferred to the external cell walls. Surface elatol concentrations did not inhibit herbivory by sea urchins, settlement of barnacle larvae, or mussel attachment. Evidence of a connection between the corps en cerise, where elatol is probably stored, and the cell wall ofL. obtusawas based on channel‐like membranous connections that transport vesicles from the corps to the cell wall region. Therefore,L. obtusapresents a specific process of chemical transport between the cell storage structures and the plant surface. We hypothesized that if high amounts of elatol are capable of inhibiting herbivory and fouling, if the tested organisms are ecologically relevant, and if elatol really occurs on the surface ofL. obtusaand this seaweed can transport this compound to its surface, the low natural concentration of defensive chemicals on the surface ofL. obtusais probably not absolute but may be variable according to environmental conditions. We also hypothesized that herbivory and fouling would not exert the same selective force for the production of defensive chemicals onL. obtusa’s surface since the low concentrations of elatol were inefficient to inhibit either processes or distinguish selective pressures.
The Dynamics of Second Language Emergence: Cycles of Language Use, Language Change, and Language Acquisition
Authors: ELLIS NICK C. 
Published: May 2008

This article outlines an emergentist account whereby the limited end‐state typical of adult second language learners results from dynamic cycles of language use, language change, language perception, and language learning in the interactions of members of language communities. In summary, the major processes are:1.Usage leads to change: High frequency use of grammatical functors causes their phonological erosion and homonymy.2.Change affects perception:Phonologically reduced cues are hard to perceive.3.Perception affects learning: Low salience cues are difficult to learn, as are homonymous/polysemous constructions because of the low contingency of their form–function association.4.Learning affects usage:(i) Where language is predominantly learned naturalistically by adults without any form focus, a typical result is a Basic Variety of interlanguage, low in grammatical complexity but communicatively effective. Becauseusage leads to change, maximum contact languages learned naturalistically can thus simplify and lose grammatical intricacies. Alternatively, (ii) where there are efforts promoting formal accuracy, the attractor state of the Basic Variety can be escaped by means of dialectic forces, socially recruited, involving the dynamics of learner consciousness, form‐focused attention, and explicit learning. Such influences promote language maintenance.Form, user, and use are inextricable.
Pain management in Swedish neonatal units – a national survey
Authors: Eriksson Mats , Gradin Maria 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which Swedish neonatal units have adopted the national guidelines for prevention and treatment of pain in newborn infants.Method: A survey was sent to all units in Sweden that provide neonatal care. For a list of potentially painful procedures, compiled from the national neonatal pain guidelines, the units were asked if they would use pharmacological and/or behavioural interventions, and in each case to specify the treatment.Results: The response rate was 80.4%. Eighty‐eight percent of the units had written guidelines for pain management, and 59% of these had been updated within the last 2 years. For almost every presented case, all units reported that they used either pharmacological or behavioural treatment or both. The survey showed a wide variation in morphine and paracetamol dosing and the absence of a paracetamol loading dose in a fourth of the units.Conclusions: This study suggests that a majority of Swedish neonatal units have adopted pain management guidelines in concordance with the Swedish national guidelines, and kept them up‐to‐date. For most painful situations a variety of behavioural and pharmacological interventions are used, often in combination.
Knowledge of Flemish paediatricians about children's oral health – results of a survey
Authors: Bottenberg Peter , Melckebeke Lieven Van , Louckx Fred , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the knowledge paediatricians have about oral health in children.Methods: A questionnaire on oral health knowledge was mailed to all members of the Flemish Paediatric Association representing 350 out of 676 Flemish paediatricians. Questions concerned timing of the first dental visit, effects of thumb sucking, fluoride supplements, trauma, fluorosis, mutans streptococci and caries, prevention of dental caries, nursing bottle caries and use of sealants.Results: Two hundred seventy‐six questionnaires (79%) were returned. Of the respondents, 71% said they have had some training on dental topics, and most rely on information brochures to be informed on dental subjects. Parents frequently questioned paediatricians about dental eruption. Paediatricians stated that the first dental visit should be scheduled at the age of 3. Eighty‐three percent of the paediatricians stated that thumb sucking was harmful to dentition; 7% regularly prescribed fluoride supplements. Knowledge about fluorosis was moderate. Paediatricians judged community water fluoridation and tooth brushing after consuming erosive drinks as effective. The efficacy of dairy products was underrated. Seventy‐three percent of the paediatricians were aware of nursing bottle caries, whereas only 39% were familiar with fissure sealing.Conclusion: Initiatives are needed to improve knowledge about oral health of physicians involved in preventive health care of children.
Efficient developmental screening instrument for 6‐ and 18‐month‐old children in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Lung For‐Wey , Shu Bih‐Ching , Chiang Tung‐Liang , Lin Shio Jean 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To develop an efficient developmental screening instrument for interview purposes.Methods: Using random sampling, two groups of babies were selected: The pilot group of 1747 babies was selected for testing of reliability and validity. Another group of 100 babies was selected for testing of the concurrent validity with the second edition of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development. The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study scales include four developmental dimensions: gross motor, fine motor, language/communication (language) and social/self‐care ability (social).Results: In testing the concurrent validity, the structural equation model showed that Taiwan Birth Cohort Study dimensions correlated with the Bayley Scale of Infant Development dimensions. In testing the predictive validity of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study, the correlation between the 6‐ and 18‐month results of the motor index was 0.29, and the language social index was 0.31.Conclusion: The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study 6‐ and 18‐month scales fulfill the criteria of developmental norm, predictive validity, validity and identification of relative risk for screening instruments. As a self‐report checklist, it is economical and efficient, thus, it can be utilized in clinical and community settings.
Colchicine prophylaxis for frequent periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis episodes
Authors: Tasher Diana , Stein Michal , Dalal Ilan , Somekh Eli 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To review our experience with colchicine for the prophylaxis of PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis).Patients and Methods: Prophylaxis with colchicine was offered to patients with frequent PFAPA episodes defined as episodes occurring every ≤14 days. Nine patients, aged 3.5–11.0 years, were treated with colchicine at a daily dosage of 0.5–1.0 mg and were followed up for 6–48 months (mean 2 years).Results: Colchicine treatment increased the interval between the episodes in eight out of the nine patients. The interval between the episodes was significantly increased following colchicine treatment from an average of 1.7 weeks to 8.4 weeks (p < 0.006). Only one patient had an abdominal pain that responded to dose adjustment.Conclusions: Colchicine prophylaxis may be beneficial for frequent PFAPA episodes.
Neonatal outcome of 58 infants exposed to maternal buprenorphine in utero
Authors: Hytinantti Timo , Kahila Hanna , Renlund Martin , Järvenpää Anna‐Liisa , Halmesmäki Erja , Kivitie‐Kallio Satu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To study the neonatal outcome of infants exposed to buprenorphine in utero.Methods: We prospectively followed 54 buprenorphine‐using pregnant women and their 58 infants. Urinary buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations in the mothers were measured prior to delivery, and in the infants during the first 3 days of life. The Finnegan score was used to evaluate neonatal abstinence syndrome. Other medical problems as well as social outcomes were recorded.Results: All infants had buprenorphine in their urine. A total of 38 infants required 20 ± 10 days (range 7–48 days) of morphine treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome. The length of hospital stay for all infants was 25 ± 19 days (range 3–125 days). The infants' highest urinary norbuprenorphine concentrations across their first 3 days of life correlated with the length of hospital stay and duration of morphine treatment (both p < 0.05). The mean birth weight and mean head circumference (n = 58) were below average (mean −0.7 standard deviation [SD] and mean −0.5 SD, respectively). Eleven infants were discharged home, 19 infants were placed in foster care and 28 infants were discharged with their mothers to Mother and Child homes or to other institutions.Conclusion: Maternal buprenorphine use at the time of birth may cause neonatal abstinence syndrome, requiring long‐term hospitalization. Multiple social problems require a multidisciplinary team approach.
Prolactin, Subjective Well-Being and Sexual Dysfunction: An Open Label Observational Study Comparing Quetiapine with Risperidone
Authors: Westheide Jens , Cvetanovska Gabriele , Albrecht Carsten , Bliesener Niclaas , Cooper-Mahkorn Déirdre , Creutz Cornelia , Hornung Wolfgang-Peter , Klingmüller Dietrich , Lemke Matthias R. , Maier Wolfgang , Schubert Michaela , Sträter Birgitta , Kühn Kai-Uwe 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is a frequent side effect of antipsychotic treatment. Increased prolactin levels are believed to be responsible for this sexual impairment despite contradictory results.

Aim
The primary objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between sexual dysfunction, subjective well-being and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia treated either with risperidone or quetiapine. The secondary objective was to explore the relationship between testosterone and the severity of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in male patients.

Methods
In a 4-week nonrandomized open label observational study, 102 inpatients with schizophrenia were recruited. Sexual functioning, subjective well-being and endocrinological parameters were assessed as well as psychopathological characteristics.

Main Outcome Measures
Two self-rating questionnaires concerned with sexual functioning (“Essener Fragebogen zur Sexualität”) and Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale (SWN) were completed by the patients. Plasma levels of prolactin in male and female patients were measured. Furthermore, in male patients testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was applied.

Results
After 4 weeks, patients treated with quetiapine reported less severe sexual impairment, as well as lower PANSS negative and general score compared with patients treated with risperidone. Additionally, emotional regulation as measured with the SWN was higher in patients treated with quetiapine. Risperidone was significantly associated with elevated prolactin levels. Prolactin levels were not correlated either with sexual dysfunction or PANSS. However, in the group of patients treated risperidone, sexual impairment was significantly associated with the SWN subscale emotional regulation.

Conclusions
Increased prolactin levels do not seem to be decisive for antipsychotic induced sexual dysfunction. Improvement of severity of illness and regaining the ability to regulate one's own emotion have positive influence on sexual functioning.
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Flexible Dose Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Viagra® (Sildenafil Citrate) in Korean Men with Erectile Dysfunction and Arterial Hypertension who are Taking Antihypertensive Agents
Authors: Park Hyun Jun , Park Nam Cheol , Shim Hong Bang , Park Jong Kwan , Lee Sung Won , Park Kwangsung , Kim Sae Woong , Moon Ki Hak , Lee Dong Hyeon , Yoon Sang Jin 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among men taking antihypertensive agents to control blood pressure.

Aim
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with ED taking antihypertensive agents.

Methods
A total of 198 male subjects, aged 20 years and older were enrolled. This study was conducted for 10 weeks as an open-label, multicenter and flexible dose trial with a 2-week screening period and an 8-week treatment phase.

Main Outcome Measures
Subjects were asked to complete Event Log Worksheets, as well as the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Global Efficacy Assessment Questions (GEAQ) questionnaires during the study period.

Results
The average age among the 167 subjects who completed the study was 55.8 (31.7 to 77.1). The scores for questions 3 and 4 of IIEF improved from 2.3 and 1.8 at baseline to 3.7 and 3.4 at week 4 and 3.8 and 3.4 at week 8, respectively. There were 86.3% of the patients reported improved erectile function at week 8; 88.3% of the patients reported improved ability to achieve sexual intercourse at week 8. There were no significant differences observed in the responses to questions 3 and 4 of IIEF and GEAQ by the number of antihypertensive agents taken. The adverse events were facial flushing (20.1%), headache (11.7%), palpitation (5.0%), rhinitis (2.8%), URI (2.8%), dizziness (2.2%), dyspnea (2.2%), and nausea (1.7%).

Conclusion
Sildenafil citrate is an effective treatment for ED; it is safe and well tolerated by patients with ED taking multiple antihypertensive agents for arterial hypertension.
Effects of day‐length and night temperature on the flowering of sorghum varieties with a dominant thermosensitivity gene
Authors: Yanase Masanori , Tarumoto Isao , Kasuga Shigemitsu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the flowering habit in sorghum varieties with a dominant thermosensitivity gene. The number of days from sowing to floral initiation in four varieties with a dominant thermosensitivity gene (TT and Tt) and two varieties of which flower initiation does not depend strongly on day‐length and night temperatures were evaluated under different day‐length and temperature conditions. The day‐length treatment at 25°C indicated that anything over a 12.5‐h day‐length has a long day effect on the flowering of the sorghum varieties examined. Under a long day condition of a 12.5‐h day‐length, floral initiation was accelerated under 30°C/20°C (day/night) conditions, compared to 25°C (constant) conditions in the varieties with a dominant thermosensitivity gene. Under a 15‐h day‐length, floral initiation was accelerated at night temperatures of 20°C and 15°C instead of at the constant 25°C. These results suggest that floral initiation was accelerated by a night temperature of lower than 20°C, even under long day‐length conditions in sorghum varieties with a dominant thermosensitivity gene.
Evaluation of the single pulse dose method for estimating herbage intake by cattle in a large scale free‐ranging system
Authors: Nakano Miwa , Yayota Masato , Ohtani Shigeru 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe single pulse dose method may be one of the few practical techniques for estimating fecal output and herbage intake in animals in large scale free‐ranging systems because the method reduces labor and time involved in capturing animals and collecting feces. This study aimed to evaluate the single pulse dose method using rare earth marker‐labeled herbage for estimating fecal output and herbage intake by cattle, in comparison with the actual values and the continuous dose method using chromium oxide. In experiment 1, the fecal output and herbage intake estimated by the single pulse dose method (FOS and HIS) and by the continuous dose method (FOC and HIC) were compared with the actual values in the zero grazing condition. Six Japanese Black cows were kept in individual pens and fed fresh herbage ad libitum. Average FOS and HIS were 104% and 108% of the actual values, respectively, and were closer to the actual values than FOC and HIC (85% and 89%). However, the animal‐to‐animal variation represented by the standard deviation in the single pulse dose method was greater than that in the continuous dose method. In experiment 2, the single pulse dose and the continuous dose methods were compared in the grazing condition, using six Japanese Black cows grazing a 77‐ha pasture. Although the differences of the mean fecal output and herbage intake between the two methods were greater than those in the zero grazing condition, the same tendency as that under the zero grazing condition was observed. The results suggest that the single pulse dose method slightly overestimates the herbage intake compared with the actual value and produces slightly less stable estimates than the continuous dose method. However, the method can be useful for estimating herbage intake by animals in large scale free‐ranging systems where the use of other estimation methods is difficult.
Comparison of the levels of dioxins and dioxin‐like compounds in blood and milk in grazing beef cows
Authors: Hirako Makoto 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo characterize the transfer profiles of dioxins and dioxin‐like compounds from the blood to milk in grazing beef cows, seven polychlorinated dibenzo‐para‐dioxins (PCDD), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and 12 coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co‐PCB) were analyzed in blood and milk samples collected from four Japanese Black cows at parturition, 1 and 2 months postpartum. The mean toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) of all three stages normalized by lipid content were 2.94 ± 0.35 and 7.83 ± 0.33 pg TEQ g−1 in the blood and milk, respectively. The total TEQ levels were highly correlated with each other in blood and milk samples (r = 0.58, P < 0.05). Temporal TEQ profiles of PCDD, PCDF (PCDD/F) and Co‐PCB were similar to those of the total TEQ. Regarding individual congeners, blood levels remained almost stable during the first 2 months after parturition irrespective of lactation length. Concentrations of highly chlorinated PCDD/F were significantly higher in colostrum than in mature milk, whereas no differences were found in their concentrations between milk samples collected 1 and 2 months after freshening. In contrast, concentrations of several Co‐PCB congeners were higher in milk collected at 2 months postpartum than in colostrum on a lipid weight basis. Furthermore, concentrations of octachlorodibenzo‐para‐dioxin and 2,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexachloro‐biphenyl in milk samples were significantly lower than those in blood samples, whereas milk concentrations of the other congeners were equivalent to or higher than blood concentrations of themselves. These results suggest that milk levels of dioxins and dioxin‐like compounds reflect the blood concentrations in beef cows, and that highly chlorinated PCDD/F congeners are hard to transfer from blood circulation to mature milk compared with colostrum, whereas most of Co‐PCB are readily excreted in both colostrum and mature milk.
STUDY ON FOOD PROCESS MONITORING BY SOLENOID SENSOR
Authors: KITAMURA YUTAKA , SUN JIAN‐FENG , GAUTZ LOREN 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT Electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is able to find the material properties of organic materials, such as phase change, ion concentration, water transfer and water content. The relationships between important process properties of foods and their impedance to 1V‐AC input from 100 kHz to 5 MHz were determined experimentally by the use of an EIS system with two noncontact sensors (solenoids winded by ϕ0.5‐mm nichrome wire on polyvinyl chloride tubes; one is 86.3‐mm length, the other is 247‐mm length). The model foods, which were aqueous glucose solution (0–50%) and sucrose solution (0–50%), showed a negative linear function between the concentration and the inductance obtained from the impedance values. However, sodium chloride solution (0–40%) presented a form of an exponential function. For agar gel (2–10%), the relationship between the hardness and the inductance was a positive linear function, which means that the inductance increases with the increase of gel hardness. These relationships were confirmed in yogurt processing. The system can be applied to yogurt processing as a technique for monitoring both fermentation and coagulation. In pudding processing, through this system, it can be found that the change of temperature affected the efficacy of the used system.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn this work, an electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) system with a noncontact sensor was used to monitor some food processing, for example, to monitor the fermentation and coagulation processing of producing yogurt. The results show that the EIS system with a noncontact sensor has the feasibility to be applied to monitoring food processing or nondestructive testing.