bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clonal evolution of metastases from primary serous epithelial ovarian cancers
Authors: Khalique Lalarukh , Ayhan Ayse , Whittaker John C. , Singh Naveena , Jacobs Ian J. , Gayther Simon A. , Ramus Susan J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSeveral models of evolution from primary cancers to metastases have been proposed; but the most widely accepted is the clonal evolution model proposed for colorectal cancer in which tumors develop by a process of linear clonal evolution driven by the accumulation of somatic genetic alterations. Various other models of cancer progression and metastasis have been proposed, including parallel evolution and the same gene model. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of metastases from primary cancer in 22 patients diagnosed with high‐grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. We established somatic genetic profiles based on the pattern of loss of heterozygosity, in several different regions of tumor tissue within the primary tumor and metastatic deposits from each case. Maximum parsimony tree analysis was used to examine the evolutionary relationship between the primary and metastatic samples for each patient. In addition, we investigated the extent of genetic heterogeneity within and between metastatic tumors compared with primary ovarian tumors. Our data suggest that most, if not all, metastases are clonally related to the primary tumors. However, the data oppose a single model of linear‐clonal evolution whereby a late stage clone within the primary tumor acquires additional genetic changes that enable metastatic progression. Instead, the data support a model in which primary ovarian cancers have a common clonal origin, but become polyclonal, with different clones at both early and late stages of genetic divergence acquiring the ability to progress to metastasis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural analysis of glutamate‐, GABA‐, and glycine‐immunopositive boutons from supratrigeminal premotoneurons in the rat trigeminal motor nucleus
Authors: Paik Sang Kyoo , Lee Hyo Jeong , Choi Min Ki , Cho Yi Sul , Park Mae Ja , Moritani Masayuki , Yoshida Atsushi , Kim Yun Sook , Bae Yong Chul 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe supratrigeminal region (Vsup) is important for coordination of smooth jaw movement. However, little is known about the synaptic connections of the Vsup premotoneurons with the trigeminal motor neurons. In the present study, we examined axon terminals of Vsup premotoneurons in the contralateral trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) by a combination of anterograde tracing with cholera toxin B–horseradish peroxidase (CTB‐HRP), postembedding immunohistochemistry for the amino acid transmitters glutamate, GABA, and glycine, and electron microscopy. Tracer injections resulted in anterograde labeling of axon terminals of the Vsup premotoneurons in the motor trigeminal nucleus (Vmo). The labeled boutons in Vmo exhibited immunoreactivity for glutamate, GABA, or glycine: glutamate‐immunopositive boutons (69%) were more frequently observed than GABA‐ or glycine‐immunopositive boutons (19% and 12%, respectively). Although most labeled boutons (97%) made synaptic contacts with a single postsynaptic dendrite, a few glutamate‐immunopositive boutons (3%) showed synaptic contact with two dendrites. No labeled boutons participated in axoaxonic synaptic contacts. Most labeled boutons (78%) were presynaptic to dendritic shafts, and the remaining 22% were presynaptic to somata or primary dendrites. A large proportion of GABA‐ or glycine‐immunopositive boutons (40%) were presynaptic to somata or primary dendrites, whereas most glutamate‐immunopositive boutons (86%) were presynaptic to dendritic shafts. These results indicate that axon terminals of Vsup premotoneurons show simple synaptic connection with Vmo neurons. This may provide the anatomical basis for the neural information processing responsible for jaw movement control. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of periinfarct flow transients with laser speckle and Doppler after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
Authors: Luckl Janos , Zhou Chao , Durduran Turgut , Yodh Arjun G. , Greenberg Joel H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLittle information exists on the role and the characteristics of perfusion changes related to periinfarct depolarization. Our aim was to visualize and monitor periinfarct flow transients (PIFTs) in Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 10) with two different laser methods in a closed‐skull model of filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. A laser Doppler probe was placed over the ischemic cortex 5 mm lateral to Bregma, and a 5 × 5 mm area centered 5 mm posterior and 4 mm lateral to Bregma was thinned for laser speckle imaging. Both neurological and histological evaluations were performed at 72 hr postinjury. Mean flow during 90‐min ischemia was 29% of baseline measured by laser Doppler and 36–54% by laser speckle. Flow transients occurred in all rats, the number of PIFTs being 4.6 ± 1.8/90 min. By both methods, 95.6% of them occurred with temporal correlation. The average duration of PIFTs was also identical (162 ± 24 and 162 ± 34 sec, respectively). Five different morphologies of flow transients ranging from hypoperfusive to hyperemic were identified by laser speckle. The PIFTs changed their morphology dynamically over certain regions. All of the animals showed an infarct (178.5 ± 26 mm3) in the middle cerebral artery territory. Laser Doppler in itself can be a reliable method for counting/detecting PIFTs, but laser speckle is capable of monitoring the dynamic changes in PIFT morphology over the penumbral and periischemic cortex. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alive and creating: the mediating role of vitality and aliveness in the relationship between psychological safety and creative work involvement
Authors: Kark Ronit , Carmeli Abraham 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIndividual involvement in creative work is of crucial importance for organizations in a knowledge‐based economy. This study examined how psychological safety induces feelings of vitality and how feelings of vitality impact one's involvement in creative work. We examined these relationships among 128 part‐time graduate students who held managerial and non‐managerial position in their work organizations. The results suggest that employees' sense of psychological safety is significantly associated with feelings of vitality (both collected at time 1), which, in turn, result in involvement in creative work (collected at time 2). We discuss the implications of these findings for both theory and practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the sulfite‐bearing minerals scotlandite, hannebachite and orschallite: implications for the desulfation of soils
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Keeffe Eloise C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe structures of the naturally occurring sulfite‐bearing minerals scotlandite, hannebachite and orschallite have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. Raman bands are observed for scotlandite PbSO3 at 935, 880, 622 and 474 cm−1 and are assigned to the (SO3)2−ν1(A1), ν3(E), ν2(A1) and ν4(E) vibrational modes, respectively. For hannebachite (CaSO3)2·H2O these bands are observed at 1005, 969 and 655 cm−1 with multiple bands for the ν4(E) mode at 444, 492 and 520 cm−1. The Raman spectrum of hannebachite is very different from that of the compound CaSO3·2H2O. It is proposed, on the basis of Raman spectroscopy, that in the mineral hannebachite, the sulfite anion bonds to Ca through the sulfur atom. The Raman spectrum of the mineral orschallite Ca3[SO4](SO3)2·12H2O is complex resulting from the overlap of sulfate and sulfite bands. Raman bands at 1005 cm−1, 1096 and 1215 cm−1 are assigned to the (SO4)2−ν1 symmetric and ν3 asymmetric stretching modes. The two Raman bands at 971 and 984 cm−1 are attributed to the (SO3)2−ν3(E) and ν1(A1) stretching vibrations. The formation of sulfite compounds in nature offers a potential mechanism for the removal of sulfates and sulfites from soils. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence to equilibrium for a fully hyperbolic phase‐field model with Cattaneo heat flux law
Authors: Jiang Jie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe consider a fully hyperbolic phase‐field model in this paper. Our model consists of a damped hyperbolic equation of second order with respect to the phase function χ(t) , which is coupled with a hyperbolic system of first order with respect to the relative temperature θ(t) and the heat flux vectorq(t). We prove the well‐posedness of this system subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary condition and no‐heat flux boundary condition. Then, we show that this dynamical system is a dissipative one. Finally, using the celebrated Łojasiewicz–Simon inequality and by constructing an auxiliary functional, we prove that the solution of this problem converges to an equilibrium as time goes to infinity. We also obtain an estimate of the decay rate to equilibrium. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic settlements under linear surface pressures on rectangular areas
Authors: Algin Halil Murat , Algin Zeynep 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the practical closed‐form solutions for elastic settlement under the linear full‐contact pressures on rectangular areas resting upon an elastic mass. The linear pressure distribution is mostly assumed in practice for the rectangular footing having biaxial bending. The equations presented here are determined by evaluating the integration of Steinbrenner's strain approximation based on the stress solutions from the Boussinesq equations. The presented formulae are validated to be used for the elastic settlement under any point of linear full‐contact loading, triangular and embankment types of pressure cases. In this respect, it represents a significant step forward in the understanding of elastic settlement and rotation under the practical loading cases. The presented solutions are concise and easy to use. The numerical examples are demonstrated and the resulting influence factors in graphical forms are presented for their practical use especially in the elastic settlement calculations of rectangular footing subjected to the biaxial bending. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isoflurane anesthesia is a valuable alternative for α‐chloralose anesthesia in the forepaw stimulation model in rats
Authors: Sommers Mathieu G , van Egmond Jan , Booij Leo HDJ , Heerschap Arend 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIsoflurane (ISO) can be a valuable alternative for α‐chloralose (ACL) anesthesia in functional MRI (fMRI) studies. Therefore, we compared the efficacy of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect in fMRI studies during ISO and ACL anesthesia sequentially in the same animals. After non‐invasive instrumentation for ventilation and monitoring, series of T2* weighted MR images were acquired during forepaw stimulation, first under ISO, then followed by ACL anesthesia. The results demonstrated that ISO and ACL were both suitable to perform this fMRI experiment. The center of activation was at the same stereotactic position for both anesthetics and matched the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Under the applied conditions, the BOLD response during ISO anesthesia declined in magnitude during the first stimulation period, as compared to ACL. From this study, we conclude that since ISO has several positive properties in comparison to ACL, including fast pharmacokinetics and suitability for repeated measurements, it is a valuable alternative for anesthesia in fMRI studies of rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived value of corporate donations: an empirical investigation
Authors: Gipp Narissa , Kalafatis Stavros P. , Ledden Lesley 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
There is current recognition that value is the fundamental basis for all marketing activities. The present research provides an empirical examination of perceptions of value within the voluntary sector and specifically donations made by organisations towards the funding of charitable projects. The impact of a number of charity and project‐related variables on the formation of value and the corresponding effect of value on satisfaction and behavioural variables are examined.
The results support claims that past experience with and information about a charity as well as information about a specific project are significant determinants of value. However, the impact of these constructs is differential between the two components of value (i.e. get/benefits and give/sacrifices). We confirm the significant effect of value on satisfaction and indicate that satisfaction and benefits derived from a donation have a direct impact on behavioural intention.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for fish cultivation during the Yayoi Period in western Japan
Authors: Nakajima T. , Nakajima M. , Yamazaki T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPeople in the western part of Japan, where the cyprinid fish fauna is very rich, have utilised these fish as a protein resource since the Jomon Period. Abundant cyprinid fish remains have been recovered from archeological sites in western Japan dating from both the Jomon (ca. 12,000 BC–300 BC) and subsequent Yayoi (ca 300 BC–AD 300) times. They captured larger cyprinids, especially Cyprinus carpio and Carassius spp., coming inshore for spawning and processed them as a food stock. One can easily imagine that people who captured cyprinids during the spawning season might also have begun to cultivate those fish sometime during prehistory, but until now there has been no evidence of fish cultivation in ancient Japan. We examined cyprinid pharyngeal tooth remains recovered from an archeological site of the Yayoi Period, the Asahi site in the Nobi Plain near Nagoya. The common carp Cyprinus carpio accounted for more than two‐thirds of the recovered pharyngeal tooth remains. There are two peaks in the body length distribution, estimated from tooth size, of common carp from this site, one at 350–450 mm and the other, higher peak at 50–150 mm. We believe that the smaller fish of 50–150 mm in body length were cultivated, because it is very difficult to capture common carp of this size in substantial numbers in the field. We propose that fish cultivation started as a by‐product of the artificial control of water levels in the paddy fields used for rice agriculture, which were characteristic of the Yayoi Period in Japan. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and characterization of heterocyclic, and optically active poly(amide‐imide)s incorporating L‐amino acids
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Zahmatkesh Saeed , Ruoho Arnold E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractN,N′‐Pyromelliticdiimido‐di‐L‐alanine (1), N,N′‐pyromelliticdiimido‐di‐L‐phenylalanine (2), and N,N′‐pyromelliticdiimido‐di‐L‐leucine (3) were prepared from the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with corresponding L‐amino acids in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and pyridine solution (3/2 ratio) under refluxing conditions. The microwave‐assisted polycondensation of the corresponding diimide‐diacyl chloride monomers (5–7) with 4‐phenyl‐2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenyl) pyridine (10) or 4‐(p‐methylthiophenyl)‐2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenyl) pyridine (12) were carried out in a laboratory microwave oven. The resulting poly(amide‐imide)s were obtained in quantitative yields, and they showed admirable inherent viscosities (0.12–0.55 dlg−1), were soluble in polar aprotic solvents, showed good thermal stability and high optical purity. The synthetic compounds were characterized by IR, MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and specific rotation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of crystalline morphology on the degradation of polycaprolactone in a solution of phosphate buffer and lipase
Authors: Jenkins M. J. , Harrison K. L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe degradation of polycaprolactone (PCL) in a solution of lipase and phosphate buffer has been characterized using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron microscopy. The molecular weight of the polymer initially appeared to determine the degradation rate while the degree of crystallinity was found to increase with time. Samples of PCL were also conditioned using DSC to specify a known degree of crystallinity. This approach enabled the effects of molecular weight and degree of crystallinity on the degradation to be separated. It was observed that an increase in either molecular weight or degree of crystallinity reduced the rate of degradation. The work presented in this paper addresses a significant limitation associated with the characterization of “as received” samples and provides a more detailed understanding of the effect of polymer morphology on the degradation process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of Limonoids from seeds of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Meliaceae) by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: da Silva Vagner Pereira , Oliveira Rodrigo Rodrigues , Figueiredo Maria Raquel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIntroductionLimonoids are tetranortriterpenoids of considerable interest due to their structural varieties and biological activities, such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer and antiviral. They contain oxygen atoms that confer a moderate polarity and are responsible for the difficulties in their separation by traditional chromatographic methods. High‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is a versatile liquid–liquid separation technique, in which the sample is distributed between two non‐miscible phases to achieve separation.ObjectiveTo isolate limonoids from a complex Carapa guianensis seed extract by gradient elution HSCCC and to identify them by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods.MethodologyThe hexane extract of Carapa guianensis squeezed seeds was prepared by Soxhlet extraction. From this extract, 800 mg were submitted to gradient mode HSCCC, using the solvent systems hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water 1:2:X:1, X = 1.5 (system A) and X = 1.75 (system B). The upper organic phase of the system A was used as stationary phase, and the lower aqueous phases of both systems as mobile phases. In this procedure, 165 fractions of 4 mL (660 mL) were collected.ResultsSix compounds were isolated. Spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis allowed the identification of the substances, as follows: methyl angolensate (28.7 mg), 7‐deacetoxy‐7‐oxogedunin (17.9 mg), deacetylgedunin (3.7 mg), 6α‐acetoxygedunin (40.1 mg), gedunin (21.0 mg), and andirobin (5.8 mg).ConclusionThe use of gradient mode in HSCCC was a good alternative, exploiting small variations of partition coefficient between the substances. Thus it was possible to isolate them in a good relative abundance, compared with classical chromatographic methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic alkoxyamines for nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Ruehl Jean , Ningnuek Niwat , Thongpaisanwong Thanchanok , Braslau Rebecca 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA 5‐membered cyclic alkoxyamine and a 17‐membered cyclic alkoxyamine were synthesized and used in the polymerization of styrene. Polymerizations using the 5‐membered cyclic alkoxyamine resulted in polymers with uncontrolled molecular weights and high polydispersities. Polymerizations using the 17‐membered cyclic alkoxyamine produced oligomeric polymers in which multiple polymer chains are linked through NO‐C bonds. EPR homolysis experiments revealed that the 5‐membered cyclic alkoxyamine does not dissociate to form a nitroxide species, even at temperatures as high as 403 K. In contrast, the 17‐membered cyclic alkoxyamine does dissociate to form nitroxide, but the rate of dissociation is slower than that of parent acyclic alkoxyamine 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐3‐(1‐phenylethoxy)‐4‐phenyl‐3‐azahexane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8049–8069, 2008
A generalized knowledge‐based discriminatory function for biomolecular interactions
Authors: Bernard Brady , Samudrala Ram 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSeveral novel and established knowledge‐based discriminatory function formulations and reference state derivations have been evaluated to identify parameter sets capable of distinguishing native and near‐native biomolecular interactions from incorrect ones. We developed the r·m·r function, a novel atomic level radial distribution function with mean reference state that averages over all pairwise atom types from a reduced atom type composition, using experimentally determined intermolecular complexes in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and the Protein Data Bank (PDB) as the information sources. We demonstrate that r·m·r had the best discriminatory accuracy and power for protein‐small molecule and protein‐DNA interactions, regardless of whether the native complex was included or excluded, from the test set. The superior performance of the r·m·r discriminatory function compared with seventeen alternative functions evaluated on publicly available test sets for protein‐small molecule and protein‐DNA interactions indicated that the function was not over optimized through back testing on a single class of biomolecular interactions. The initial success of the reduced composition and superior performance with the CSD as the distribution set over the PDB implies that further improvements and generality of the function are possible by deriving probabilities from subsets of the CSD, using structures that consist of only the atom types to be considered for given biomolecular interactions. The method is available as a web server module at http://protinfo.compbio.washington.edu. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic effect of three benzopyrans isolated from Hypericum polyanthemum in U‐373 MG glioblastoma cell line
Authors: Grivicich Ivana , Ferraz Alexandre , Faria Denise H. , Regner Andréa , Schwartsmann Gilberto , Henriques Amelia T. , Poser Gilsane L. von , Rocha Adriana B. da 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe antiproliferative activity of three benzopyrans isolated from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum polyanthemum was analysed in order to determine their effect on the growth and cell cycle in the U‐373 MG glioblastoma cell line. Compound 1 was less cytotoxic than compounds 2 and 3. A synergistic effect was noticed when the three benzopyrans were used simultaneously. The cytotoxicity noted could be related to an arrest in G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in the U‐373 MG glioblastoma cell line. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunological response to mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in cancer patients: a four‐case series
Authors: Gardin Nilo Esvalter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEuropean mistletoe (Viscum album) has been used in complementary cancer treatment, but little is known concerning its effects on immunological parameters, although there is evidence that Viscum may stimulate the immune system. In this study, a trial was conducted with cancer patients to determine whether Viscum album extracts could improve the results of immune tests. These were: white blood cell count (leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes), CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes, intradermal tests of delayed hypersensitivity (candidin, trichophytin, purified protein derivative‐PPD), complement C3 and C4, and immunoglobulin A, G and M. Four patients received seven doses of subcutaneous Viscum album 20 mg, twice weekly. Immunological tests were carried out before and after treatment, and an increase in several parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were shown. Apart from reactions around the injection sites, treatment was well tolerated and all patients benefited from it. These results suggest that Viscum album can enhance humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, but further studies attesting to the possible clinical impact of these immunological effects are necessary. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.