bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Chemistry and Pressure Effects on Steam Oxidation of Ferritic and Austenitic Steels
Authors: Pint B. A. , Pearson S. R. , De Las Casas Aranda R. , Lance M. J. , Raiman S. S. , Kung S. C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traditional laboratory steam experiments are conducted at ambient pressure with water of variable chemistry. In order to better understand the effect of steam pressure and water chemistry, a new recirculating, controlled chemistry water loop with a 650°C autoclave was constructed. The initial experiments included two different water chemistries at 550° and 650°C. Two 500-h cycles were performed using oxygenated (OT, pH ~9 and ~100 ppb O2) or all-volatile treated (AVT, pH ~9 and &lt;10 ppb O2) water conditions at each temperature. Coupons exposed included Fe-(9-11)%Cr and conventional and advanced austenitic steels as well as shot peened type 304H stainless steel. Compared to ambient steam exposures, the oxides formed after 1,000 h were similar in thickness for each of the alloy classes but appeared to have a different microstructure, particularly for the outer Fe-rich layer. An initial attempt was made to quantify the scale adhesion in the two environments.
Oxidation Behavior of Alloy 718 Built Up by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Kuo Yen-Ling , Hayashi Shigenari , Yu Hao , Kakehi Koji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The current work presented a study of isothermal-oxidation behavior of the additive manufactured (AM) Alloy718 in air at 800°C. The oxidation behavior of Alloy718 specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) process were comparatively examined. No significant differences were observed in oxidation kinetics while different microstructures of the oxide scale were found. Coarse and columnar chromia grains developed on SLM specimens, whereas the chromia scale of EBM specimens consisted of extremely fine grains. Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) analysis revealed that SLM specimens contain a higher content of Ti in chromia compared with EBM specimens. Process-induced supersaturation in SLM specimens might lead to a relatively high concentration of Ti in the chromia, which may affect the grain morphology of oxide scale in the SLM specimen.
Development of Steam Turbine for A-USC Plant
Authors: Suga Takeo , Takahashi Takeo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Enhancement of the steam conditions is one of the most effective measures to achieve the goal of higher thermal efficiency. 700°C class A-USC (Advanced Ultra Super Critical Steam Conditions) power plant is one of the remarkable technologies to achieve the goal and reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants. Toshiba has been working on the A-USC development project with subsidy from METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) and NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). In this project, A-USC power plants with steam parameters of 35MPa 700/720/720°C were considered. To date, various materials have been developed and tested to verify their characteristics for use in A-USC power plants. And some of these materials are being investigated as to their suitability for use in long term. Together with members of the project, we carried out the boiler component test using a commercially-operating boiler. We manufactured a small-scale turbine casing made of nickel-based alloy, and supplied it for the test. In addition, we manufactured a turbine rotor for turbine rotation tests, and carried out the test at 700°C and rotating speed of 3,600rpm conditions. In this paper, we show the results of the A-USC steam turbine development obtained by the project.
The Development of the Middle Scale Prototype for the Rotor Used in the 630 °C Steam Turbine
Authors: Gong Xiufang , Wang Tianjian , Gao Zhenhuan , Zhong Jie , Miki Kazuhiro , Ohsaki Satoru , Muto Yohei , Mito Yusuke , Yamane Yusuke , Takasawa Koichi , Takahashi Tatsuya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A 10%Cr martensitic steel for rotor applications, COST FB2, was used in 620°C steam turbines for about four years in China. In order to increase the unit efficiency to 50% of the coal-fired power plant, an advanced 630°C steam turbine developed by DongFang Turbine Co., Ltd will be put into operation in 2021. A three-ton middle-scale prototype turbine rotor forging (3387FC1) was developed and evaluated through the collaborative work of DongFang Turbine and the Japan Steel Works (JSW) using JMATR, a high-performance heat-resistant steel developed by JSW. Test results for the prototype rotor, including homogeneity of chemical composition, ultrasonic tests, mechanical properties, and long-term creep behaviors, and microstructure, are presented and discussed.
Creep Life Assessment Method for Welded Joint of Grade 91 Steel Using Small Sample
Authors: Yagchi Masatsugu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A new method of creep life assessment was developed to consider heat-to-heat variations of welded joints of materials used in power plants. This paper explains a scheme of the assessment method and also describes an actual implementation of the method for Grade 91 steel. In the method, creep properties of the welded joints are related to those of each base metal because the heat-to-heat variations of welded joints strongly depend on the creep properties of the corresponding base metals. To estimate the creep properties of each base metal of the target pipe, microstructure analyses and small punch creep tests were conducted using small samples cut from the base metals in service, and evaluations were done on the basis of material data base obtained using standard test samples of long-term service exposed pipes. It is expected that the precision of the life assessment of pipes will be significantly improved using the developed method because it can consider the heat-to-heat variations of their materials, which are not considered in existing life assessment methods.
Assessment of Effect of Taking Miniature Sample Scoop on Creep Life of Grade 91 Steel Pipe
Authors: Kanai Masayuki , Tomobe Masato , Yaguchi Masatsugu , Komazaki Shin-ichi , Kumada Akihiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The effect of taking miniature sample scoops on the creep life of ASME Grade 91 steel pipes was experimentally and analytically assessed in this work. Internal pressure tests were conducted on tubular specimens having defects on their outer surface, which simulate sampling scoops. The creep life did not decrease until the depth ratio of the defect to the wall thickness of the specimens was about 5%, and the creep life decreased with increasing defect depth when the depth ratio exceeded about 5%. When the depth ratio was about 11%, the creep life decreased to four-fifths of that of a specimen with no defects. In addition, as a result of investigating the stress concentration around a defect with a depth ratio of about 5% by the finite element method, stress concentration was clearly observed around the defect. These results suggest that taking a miniature sample up to a depth of 5% of the thickness of a Grade 91 steel pipe in service has a negligible effect on the creep life of the pipe.
Effects of γ-TiAl/γ Lamellar Interfaces and Grain-Boundary α2-Ti3Al Phase on Creep of TiAl Based Alloy
Authors: Wakabayashi Hideki , Yamagata Ryosuke , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The creep behavior of a γ-TiAl based alloy at 1073 K was investigated, examining three different microstructures: equiaxed γ (Eγ), γ/γ fully lamellar (FLγ), and equiaxed γ with α2 phase on grain boundaries (Eγα2). The aim was to understand the influence of lamellar interfaces and grain boundary α2 phase on creep behavior. Initially, creep rates were consistent across all specimens upon loading. However, Eγ exhibited a gradual decrease in creep rate compared to Eγα2 and FLγ. Notably, the minimum creep rate of Eγ was one order of magnitude lower than that of Eγα2 and FLγ. Conversely, Eγα2 and FLγ displayed a slight acceleration and the longest rupture strain, albeit with the shortest rupture time compared to Eγ. Upon microstructural analysis of of the creep-test specimens, it was observed that numerous dynamic recrystallized grains (DXGs) and sub-grains formed along grain boundaries and interiors in Eγ, whereas they were limited to the region along grain boundaries in FLγ. In contrast, very few DXGs were formed in Eγα2. These findings indicate that γ/γ interfaces inhibit the extension of DXGs into grain interiors, suggesting that the grain boundary α2 phase effectively suppresses the formation of DXGs.
Precipitation Kinetics of TCP (Fe2Nb) and GCP (Ni3Nb) Phases in Fe-Cr-Ni-Nb Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels with Partial Replacement of Nb with Ta
Authors: Oh Seongtak , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Kobayashi Satoru , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the present study, the precipitation kinetics of topologically close-packed (TCP) Fe2Nb Laves and geometrically close-packed (GCP) Ni3Nb phases is studied quantitatively in experimental alloys with different Ta / Nb+Ta ratio, to clarify the mec4hanism of the Ta effect. The microstructure of alloys is changed from Widmanstätten structure to lamellar structure due to discontinuous precipitation, with increasing Ta / Nb+Ta. It is confirmed that Ta partitions into both Fe2Nb Laves and Ni3Nb phases. However, two phases stability is changed by added Ta content. Ta accelerates the formation kinetics of the precipitates at grain boundaries, as well as γ“-GCP phase within grain interiors, due to increased supersaturation by Ta addition. Besides, Ta retards the transformation kinetics of metastable γ“-Ni3Nb to stable the δ-Ni3Nb phase. The results indicate that Ta decreases the driving force for the transformation of the δ-GCP phase.
Kajian Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Adopsi Anak di Indonesia dan Kazakhtan
Authors: Jupri Muhamad Sofan , Trigiyatno Ali , Latifah Sindiy Nurul , Nadzim M. Ibnu , Zuhaidah Naila Umdah 
Published: March 2024

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan legislasi adopsi anak dalam hukum Islam dan untuk menunjukkan perbedaan legislasi yang mengatur adopsi anak di Indonesia dan Kazakhtan. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi dengan metode yuridis yang teratur yang fokus pada penilaian hipotesis, penggalian gagasan, standar dan pedoman yang sah sehubungan dengan peninjauan ini dari bahan-bahan utama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mengasuh anak sesuai aturan Islam adalah wajar, namun tidak dipandang sebagai anak kandung pada umumnya. Pengangkatan anak menurut hukum Islamdisebut dengan istilahTabanny. Menurut hukum Islam, pengharaman bagi orang tua yang mengangkat anak namun dititahkan sebagai anak kandung. Regulasilegislasi pengangkatan anak di Indonesia dan Kazakhtan memiliki persamaan yaitu memiliki legislasi yang jelas. Legislasi pengangkatan anak di Indonesia dijelaskan dengan rinci dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 54 tahun 2007 tentang Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak, sedangkan untuk legislasi yang berlaku di Kazakhtan diatur dalam Pasal 84 sampai Pasal 110 Bab 13 Adopsi Anak Undang-undang Perkawinan dan Keluarga Republik Kazakhtan. Mengenai perbedaan pengangkatan anak antara Indonesia dan Kazakhstan, hukum Indonesia mengatur mengenai kepercayaan antara orang tua angkat dengan calon orang tua angkat, namun hal tersebut tidak dijelaskan di Kazakhstan.Undang-undang di Kazakhstan menjelaskan perbedaan usia minimum antara calon orang tua yang ingin mengadopsi dan calon anak yang ingin mengadopsi, namun peraturan di Indonesia tidak mengaturnya.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathways in a Pakistani Population
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Noreen Zarish , Loffredo Christopher A. , Johnson Jheannelle , Bhatti Attya , Nunlee-Bland Gail , Quartey Ruth , Howell Charles D. , Moses Gemeyel , Nnanabu Thomas , Cotin Sharleine T. , Clark Marika , Chandra Vijay , Jana Siddhartha S. , Kwabi-Addo Bernard , Korba Brent E. , Shahzad Sharoon , Bhatti Muhammad Farrukh , Ghosh Somiranjan 
Published: March 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is most prevalent in elderly individuals, especially in developed countries, and its prevalence is now increasing in developing countries like Pakistan. Objective: Our goal was to characterize key genes and their levels of expression and related molecular transcriptome networks associated with AD pathogenesis in a pilot case-control study in a Pakistani population. Methods: To obtain the spectrum of molecular networks associated with pathogenesis in AD patients in Pakistan (comparing cases and controls), we used high-throughput qRT-PCR (TaqMan Low-Density Array; n = 33 subjects) coupled with Affymetrix Arrays ( n = 8) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify signature genes associated with Amyloid processing and disease pathways. Results: We confirmed 16 differentially expressed AD-related genes, including maximum fold changes observed in CAPNS2 and CAPN1. The global gene expression study observed that 61% and 39% of genes were significantly ( p-value 0.05) up- and downregulated, respectively, in AD patients compared to healthy controls. The key pathways include, e.g., Amyloid Processing, Neuroinflammation Signaling, and ErbB4 Signaling. The top-scoring networks in Diseases and Disorders Development were Neurological Disease, Organismal Injury and Abnormalities, and Psychological Disorders. Conclusions: Our pilot study offers a non-invasive and efficient way of investigating gene expression patterns by combining TLDA and global gene expression method in AD patients by utilizing whole blood. This provides valuable insights into the expression status of genes related to Amyloid Processing, which could play potential role in future studies to identify sensitive, early biomarkers of AD in general.
A hybrid denoising approach for PPG signals utilizing variational mode decomposition and improved wavelet thresholding
Authors: Hu Qinghua , Li Min , Jiang Linwen , Liu Mei 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals are sensitive to motion-induced interference, leading to the emergence of motion artifacts (MA) and baseline drift, which significantly affect the accuracy of PPG measurements. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to effectively eliminate baseline drift and high-frequency noise from PPG signals, ensuring that the signal’s critical frequency components remain within the range of 1 ∼ 10 Hz. METHODS: This paper introduces a novel hybrid denoising method for PPG signals, integrating Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) with an improved wavelet threshold function. The method initially employs VMD to decompose PPG signals into a set of narrowband intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, effectively removing low-frequency baseline drift. Subsequently, an improved wavelet thresholding algorithm is applied to eliminate high-frequency noise, resulting in denoised PPG signals. The effectiveness of the denoising method was rigorously assessed through a comprehensive validation process. It was tested on real-world PPG measurements, PPG signals generated by the Fluke ProSim™ 8 Vital Signs Simulator with synthesized noise, and extended to the MIMIC-III waveform database. RESULTS: The application of the improved threshold function let to a substantial 11.47% increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and an impressive 26.75% reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) compared to the soft threshold function. Furthermore, the hybrid denoising method improved SNR by 15.54% and reduced RMSE by 37.43% compared to the improved threshold function. CONCLUSION: This study proposes an effective PPG denoising algorithm based on VMD and an improved wavelet threshold function, capable of simultaneously eliminating low-frequency baseline drift and high-frequency noise in PPG signals while faithfully preserving their morphological characteristics. This advancement establishes the foundation for time-domain feature extraction and model development in the domain of PPG signal analysis.
Natural based hydrogels promote chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zahedi Tehrani Tina , Irani Shiva , Ardeshirylajimi Abdolreza , Seyedjafari Ehsan 
Published: March 2024

Background: The cartilage tissue lacks blood vessels, which is composed of chondrocytes and ECM. Due to this vessel-less structure, it is difficult to repair cartilage tissue damages. One of the new methods to repair cartilage damage is to use tissue engineering. In the present study, it was attempted to simulate a three-dimensional environment similar to the natural ECM of cartilage tissue by using hydrogels made of natural materials, including Chitosan and different ratios of Alginate.Material and methods: Chitosan, alginate and Chitosan/Alginate hydrogels were fabricated. Fourier Transform Infrared, XRD, swelling ratio, porosity measurement and degradation tests were applied to scaffolds characterization. After that, human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) were cultured on the hydrogels and then their viability and chondrogenic differentiation capacity were studied. Safranin O and Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence staining and real time RT-PCR were used as analytical methods for chondrogenic differentiation potential evaluation of hADMSCs when cultured on the hydrogels.Results: The highest degradation rate was detected in Chitosan/Alginate (1:0.5) group The scaffold biocompatibility results revealed that the viability of the cells cultured on the hydrogels groups was not significantly different with the cells cultured in the control group. Safranin O staining, Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence staining and real time PCR results revealed that the chondrogenic differentiation potential of the hADMSCs when grown on the Chitosan/Alginate hydrogel (1:0.5) was significantly higher than those cell grown on the other groups.Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that Chitosan/Alginate hydrogel (1:0.5) could be a promising candidate for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Evaluation of Habenaria aitchisonii Reichb. for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive effects with in vivo and in silico approaches
Authors: Asiri Saeed Ahmed , Shabnam Madeeha , Zafar Rehman , Alshehri Osama M. , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Sadiq Abdul , Mahnashi Mater H. , Jan Muhammad Saeed 
Published: March 2024

Habenaria aitchisonii Reichb was analyzed in this research, including its chemical composition and its in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive activity. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were found to be the most powerful based on in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic assays. The acute oral toxicity of the crude methanolic extract was determined before in vivo studies. The acetic acid and formalin tests were used to measure the antinociceptive effect, and the potential mechanisms involved in antinociception were explored. The carrageenan-induced paw edema test was used to examine the immediate anti-inflammatory effect, and many phlogistic agents were used to determine the specific mechanism. Furthermore, for ex vivo activities, the mice were sacrificed, the forebrain was isolated, and the antioxidant levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) were estimated using a UV spectrophotometer. No toxicity was seen at oral dosages up to 3,000 mg/kg. The antinociceptive impact was much higher than the standard drug. Both the inflammatory and neurogenic phases of the formalin experiment revealed an analgesic effect in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. In carrageenan anti-inflammatory assays, the chloroform fraction (Ha.Chf) was the most potent fraction. We further studied the GC-MS of crude plant extract and found a total of 18 compounds. In the anti-inflammatory mechanism, it was observed that the Ha.Chf inhibits the COX-2 as well as 5-LOX pathways. The results exhibited that this species is a good source of phytocomponents like germacrone, which can be employed as a sustainable and natural therapeutic agent, supporting its traditional use in folk medicine for inflammatory conditions and pain.
Value orientations toward wild meat in Guyana are determined by gender, ethnicity, and location
Authors: Paemelaere Evi A.D. , Puran Anupana , Williams Timothy , Agard Gavin , Pierre Mia A. , Yang Huichang , Kenyon Ayla , Zammett Jose , van Vliet Nathalie 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding what drives differences in values toward wild meat is important for developing legislation and behavioral change campaigns that promote sustainable use. Value orientations (VOs) underly behavior. VOs are influenced by personal (e.g., gender, generation), social (e.g., media, family), location (e.g., rural versus urban), and experience determinants. In Guyana, an ethnic diverse nation in South America, the national hunting laws have recently been instated. The wildlife management agency is rolling out a behavioral change campaign in collaboration with a sustainable use initiative. To support this campaign, we evaluated VOs toward wild meat across Guyana.MethodsApplying Multiple Correspondence Analysis and generalized linear models to data from interviews, we examined location, personal, and societal determinants for their influence on these VOs and explored how VOs translated into behavior, specifically wild meat consumption frequency.ResultsLocation (Indigenous and coastal: rural, town, urban), intertwined with ethnicity, and gender showed the strongest associations with variation in VOs. Respondents from Indigenous territories expressed mostly positive VOs compared to coastal Guyanese. Women expressed more neutral or negative, and more negative biocentric VOs compared to men, and this difference was largest among Indigenous but non-existent in urban sites. Negative anthropocentric VOs toward wild meat consistently grouped together and dominated among those not consuming wild meat. Highest consumption was seen among those expressing positive materialistic VOs. Positive anthropocentric VOs were associate with intermediate consumption frequencies and most typical for men. Those expressing negative values toward wild meat based on biocentric orientations toward wildlife consumed wild meat, but rarely.DiscussionOur results direct behavioral change efforts to men on the coast who consume wild meat for enjoyment at bars, restaurants, or family events. Based on our study, positive messaging promoting the coexistence between consumption of mostly resilient species and caring about wildlife would be well-received to support sustainable use policies.