bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherence of climatic reconstruction from historical documents in China by different studies
Authors: Ge Quansheng , Zheng Jingyun , Tian Yanyu , Wu Wenxiang , Fang Xiuqi , Wang Wei‐Chyung 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMuch effort has been spent in the last few decades to reconstruct the climate over China using a variety of historical documents. However, differences in the results of reconstructions exist even when people are using similar documents. In order to address this issue, 14 published temperature series by different studies were analyzed for coherence and mutual consistency. The analyses on their temporal fluctuations indicate that for the individual time series (standardized) on the 10‐years time scales, 57 of the 91 correlation coefficients reach the significance level of 99%. The spatial patterns among the different time series also show high coherency. In addition, consistency also exhibit when comparing the reconstructions with other available natural climate change indicators. Above information was subsequently used to synthesize the temperature series for the last 500 and 1000 years. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Laserstrahlschweißen transparenter und farbiger Kunststoffe
Authors: Klein Rolf 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDas Laserstrahlschweißen thermoplastischer Kunststoffe ist heute ein etabliertes Verfahren in der industriellen Kunststoffbearbeitung. Es hat sich zur vollwertigen Alternative zu konventionellen Fügeverfahren wie Ultraschall‐, Vibrations‐ oder Heißspiegelschweißen bzw. Klebeverfahren entwickelt. Das Laserstrahlschweißen wird dort eingesetzt, wo eine möglichst geringe thermische Belastung der Bauteile bei hoher Schweißnahtqualität erforderlich ist. Weitere Vorteile des Laserstrahlschweißens sind eine erheblich reduzierte Wulstbildung im Vergleich zum Heißspiegelschweißen und die Vermeidung von Partikelemissionen, die beim US‐ oder Vibrationsschweißen auftreten können.
Convexity in x of the level sets of the first Dirichlet eigenfunction
Authors: Chu Chie‐Ping 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOn a planar domain which is convex in x, the level sets of the first Dirichlet eigenfunction for Laplacian are also convex in x. This gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture proposed by B. Kawohl. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strings, dual strings, and related canonical systems
Authors: Kaltenbäck Michael , Winkler Henrik , Woracek Harald 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA symmetric Nevanlinna function Q is of the form Q (z) = zQs (z2) where Qs and Q 0(z) = zQs (z) are also Nevanlinna functions. In such a situation Qs and –Q–10 are Stieltjes functions. An inverse result of L. de Branges implies that each Nevanlinna function is the Titchmarsh–Weyl coefficient of a uniquely determined canonical system with some nonnegative Hamiltonian matrix function H, and, according to M. G. Krein, each Stieltjes function is the Titchmarsh–Weyl coefficient of a uniquely determined string. The Hamiltonians corresponding to Qs , Q0 and Q are constructed in terms of the string corresponding to Qs and the dual string corresponding to –Q–10. The relations between the associated Fourier transformations are described by commuting isometric isomorphisms between the considered spaces. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A matricial analogue of Fejer's theory for different types of convergence
Authors: Krtinić Đorđe 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe describe the space of operators on a Hilbert space with the summable Fourier expansion and prove that this space does not depend on the kind of summability method. We consider the same problem in the spaces of operators with respect to unitarily invariant norms. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pointwise convergence of gradient‐like systems
Authors: Lageman Christian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractS. Łojasiewicz has shown that the ω ‐limit sets of the trajectories of analytic gradient systems consist of at most one point. We extend this result to the larger class of gradient‐like vector fields satisfying an angle condition. In particular, this includes gradient systems, defined by arbitrary C1 functions from an analytic‐geometric category. Corresponding pointwise convergence results are shown for discrete gradient‐like algorithms on a Riemannian manifold. This generalizes recent results by Absil, Mahony, and Andrews to the Riemannian geometry setting. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asymptotic estimations for a p ‐Ginzburg–Landau type minimizer
Authors: Lei Yutian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe author establishes the essential estimations, the Lp loc and the Cα estimations of |∇uε |, where uε is the minimizer of a Ginzburg–Landau type functional. Based on the results, the corresponding convergences (when ε → 0) of theminimizer in W1,p and C1,α senses are proved, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An interface problem for a Sierpinski and a Vicsek fractal
Authors: Metz Volker , Grabner Peter 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe suggest a flexible way to study the self‐similar interface of two different fractals. In contrast to previous methods the participating energies are modified in the neighborhood of the intersection of the fractals. In the example of the Vicsek snowflake and the 3‐gasket, a variant of the Sierpinski gasket, we calculate the admissible transition constants via the “Short‐cut Test”. The resulting range of values is reinterpreted in terms of traces of Lipschitz spaces on the intersection. This allows us to describe the interface effects of different transition constants and indicates the techniques necessary to generalize the present interface results. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Harmonic extensions of distributions
Authors: Alvarez Josefina , Guzmán–Partida Martha , Pérez–Esteva Salvador 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe obtain harmonic extensions to the upper half space of distributions in the weighted space wn +1D ′, which is the optimal space of tempered distributions S ′‐convolvable with the classical Euclidean version of the Poisson kernel. We also characterize the class of harmonic functions in the upper half space with boundary values in wn +1D ′, extending in this way results of P. Sjögren. Some facts concerning harmonic extensions of distributions in D ′, 1 < p ≤ ∞, are also approached in this paper, as well as natural relations among these spaces and the weighted space wn +1D ′. We can also obtain n ‐harmonic extensions of appropriate weighted integrable distributions associated to a natural product domain version of the Poisson kernel. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Subbundles of symplectic and orthogonal vector bundles over curves
Authors: Hitching George H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe review the notions of symplectic and orthogonal vector bundles over curves, and the connection between principal parts and extensions of vector bundles. We give a criterion for a certain extension of rank 2n to be symplectic or orthogonal. We then describe almost all of its rank n vector subbundles using graphs of sheaf homomorphisms, and give criteria for the isotropy of these subbundles. Finally, we sketch the use of these ideas in moduli questions for symplectic vector bundles. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reconstruction of a large upper tibial wound extending to the knee with a free latissimus dorsi flap: Optimizing the outcomes
Authors: Liau James E. , Pu Lee L. Q. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDespite recent advances in free tissue transfer, management of a large upper tibial wound extending to the knee can be challenging for reconstructive surgeons. In this report, we present two cases where a free latissimus dorsi flap was used for successful soft‐tissue coverage of the wound for limb salvage with optimal reconstructive outcomes. Our unique recipient vessel selection allows more effective free‐tissue transfer without using a vein graft. Our preferred flap inset technique with multiple interrupted horizontal mattress sutures over a closed suction drain leads to an improvement of the initial contour of soft‐tissue coverage that may contribute to the final optimized outcome in the lower‐extremity reconstruction with or without a further debulking procedure. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Child support enforcement policy and unmarried fathers' employment in the underground and regular economies
Authors: Rich Lauren M. , Garfinkel Irwin , Gao Qin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSome scholars have suggested that a negative consequence of strengthening child support enforcement is to encourage fathers to shift from regular sector to underground employment. We employ data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to investigate the relationship between the strength of child support enforcement (CSE) and levels of underground and regular sector employment among unmarried fathers. We find that, in general, living in a city with stricter CSE is associated with fewer hours of underground employment. We find little evidence that stronger enforcement is associated with employment or hours in the regular sector. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Epstein Barr virus induced lymphoma in a child with IPEX syndrome
Authors: Lucas Kenneth G. , Ungar David , Comito Melanie , Groh Brandt 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIPEX syndrome (immune deficiency, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked) is a disorder or regulatory T cell (Treg) function which can result in early death due to infection or complications related to autoimmunity. Therapeutic options for these patients can include allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) or the use of immunosuppressive regimens to control the manifestations of autoimmunity. We report a patient with IPEX syndrome who was managed with rapamycin and subsequently developed EBV induced lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1056–1057. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conducting polyaniline composites as microwave absorbers
Authors: John Honey , Thomas Rinku M. , Jacob Joe , Mathew K.T. , Joseph Rani 
Published: September 2007

AbstractConducting polymers are excellent microwave absorbers and they show technological advantage when compared with inorganic electromagnetic absorbing materials, being light weight, easily processable, and the ability of changing the electromagnetic properties with nature and amount of dopants, synthesis conditions, etc. In this paper we report the synthesis, dielectric properties, and expected application of conducting composites based on polyaniline (PAN). Cyclohexanone soluble conducting PAN composites of microwave conductivity 12.5 S/m was synthesized by the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of emulsion grade polyvinyl chloride. The dielectric properties of the composites, especially the dielectric loss, conductivity, dielectric heating coefficient, absorption coefficient, and penetration depth, were studied using a HP8510 vector network analyzer. The microwave absorption of the composites were studied at different frequency bands i.e, S, C, and X bands (2–12 GHz). The absorption coefficient was found to be higher than 200 m−1 and it can be used for making microwave absorbers in space applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:588–592, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of rubber hardness on the properties of fiber reinforced plastic composites made by the newly proposed rubber pressure molding technique
Authors: Kar Kamal K. , Sharma S. D. , Kumar Prashant 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe effect of rubber hardness on the properties of fiber‐reinforced plastic (FRP) composites is investigated in order to know the optimum composition of rubber mold used in rubber pressure molding (RPM) technique. A matching die set was used in RPM method, where the die was made of hard metal like steel and the punch from the flexible rubber like material, natural rubber. The use of flexible rubber punch generates and applies hydrostatic pressure on the surface of FRP composites. The hardness of rubber mold was controlled by incorporating carbon black as a filler material in the matrix of natural rubber and varied from 0 to 75 phr (per hundred rubber) in steps of 15 phr. Burn test, tension test, interlaminar shear test and interlaminar fracture toughness tests were conducted on the FRP composites to measure the void content, presence of delamination, tensile strength, inter laminar shear strength and inter laminar fracture toughness. The results are compared with the FRP composites made by conventional technique to evaluate the performance of RPM technique. It is observed that the laminates produced by RPM technique with different filler content in natural rubber mold show significant improvement in mechanical properties except interlaminar shear strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:618–630, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polystyrene/iron phthalocyanine composite: Radiation effect and characterization
Authors: Ghaffar A. M. Abdel , Youssef T.E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPSty/(OR)8PcFe(Pyz)2 composite films were fabricated using cast method. The prepared composite film was investigated as a function of iron phthalocyanine [(OR)8PcFe(Pyz)2] 3 content and applied irradiation dose. The structure of the prepared composite series (I–III) was characterized by using different analytical tools such as Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. The modification of the thermal and chemical properties of the prepared composites meet the requirements of advanced technical and industrial applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:631–636, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Composite electrodes consisting of platinum particles and polyaniline nanowires as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation
Authors: Liu Feng‐Jiin , Huang Li‐Ming , Wen Ten‐Chin , Yin Kuang‐Chih , Hung Ju‐Shei , Gopalan A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) with nanowire (PANI‐(NW)) network structure (mean diameter 10–20 nm) was successfully deposited on a stainless steel (SS) electrode by a galvanostatic process. Platinum particles were deposited into the PANI nanowire network structure to result the PANI(NW)‐Pt composite electrode. The PANI(NW)‐Pt electrode was used as electrocatalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. The PANI nanowires and PANI(NW)‐Pt nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Nanowire morphology with an average diameter of 10–20 nm could be seen from scanning electron micrograph. Small amount (70 mμm) of spherical Pt particles could be deposited into the PANI(NW). Catalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol was studied by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). For comparative purposes, bulk Pt (deposited Pt on SS) and PANI nanowires based electrodes were tested. The PANI(NW)‐Pt nanocomposite electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the electrooxidation of methanol in comparison to bulk Pt electrodes, which reveals that the PANI(NW)‐Pt nanocomposite electrodeis more promising for application in electrocatalyst as a support material. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:650–656, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Application of homogenization method on the evaluation and analysis of the effective stiffness for noncontinuous carbon nanotube/polymer composites
Authors: Luo Dongmei , Wang Wen‐Xue , Takao Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe effective stiffness of noncontinuous carbon nano‐tubes (CNTs)/polymer composites are predicted by the homogenization method with exact periodic boundary conditions. Numerical calculations for regular and staggered array models are performed by the macro–microscopic finite element methods. The results are compared with those from Mori–Tanaka and Halpin–Tsai theories, which show that the stiffness of CNTs composites are not only related to aspect ratio and CNTs volume fraction as described in the earlier theories, but also sensitive to the space between CNTs ends, the distribution of CNTs within the selected representative volume element, and the geometrical shape of CNTs. The results from the two empirical approaches are included in the present results with special spacing ratios of horizontal and vertical fiber ends (Tf/Hf). It is proved that the homogenization method is an efficient method to predict the effective stiffness of CNTs/polymer composites with periodic microstructure. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:688–695, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Adverse reactions of anti‐tuberculosis drugs in hospitalized patients: incidence, severity and risk factors
Authors: Javadi Mohammad Reza , Shalviri Gloria , Gholami Kheirollah , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Maghooli Golshan , Mirsaeedi Seid Mahdi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) has been a common chronic infectious disease in human communities. Besides disease‐related complications, there could be serious adverse reactions due to anti‐tuberculosis (anti‐TB) drug therapy.ObjectivesTo assess the incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by anti‐TB drugs. To determine possible covariates associated with detected ADRs.MethodsAll patients with respiratory TB admitted to a teaching hospital who received anti‐TB drugs during the research period entered the study and were monitored for ADRs. Socio‐demographic and medical history of patients were used as independent covariates. The relationship between independent covariates with frequency and severity of ADRs was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Preliminary analyses of the Mann–Whitney, Chi‐square, Kruskal–Wallis and the Fisher's exact tests were applied to determine factors unlikely associated with the independent variables.ResultsAmong 204 patients admitted, there were 92 patients (45.1%) with ADRs induced by anti‐TB drugs. Patients with a previous history of anti‐TB drugs usage (OR = 5.81, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.31–25.2), patients with a history of drug allergy (OR = 6.68, CI: 1.28–36.2), those from Afghani ethnic (OR = 4.91, 95%CI: 1.28–18.30) as well as smoker patients with concurrent diseases (OR = 19.67, CI: 1.24–341.51) had a higher rate of ADR incidence. Being female (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.96–36.40) and having previous history of ADR (OR = 17.46, 95%CI: 1.96–20.42) were identified as risk factors.ConclusionAnti‐TB drugs could cause severe and frequent adverse effects. Females, those with a previous history of ADRs to anti‐TB drugs and Afghani patients, should be considered as high‐risk groups. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of star polyfluorenes with a C60 core
Authors: Xu Guodong , Han Yang , Sun Minghao , Bo Zhishan , Chen Chunhai 
Published: September 2007

AbstractC60‐cored star polyfluorenes were synthesized and fully characterized. A high yield (81%) hexakisaddition of C60 was developed by using Prato reaction and bulky fluorene addends. Suzuki polycondensation of the hexakisadducts of C60 carrying six 2‐bromofluorene addends and AB‐type monomer (2‐bromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐ [1,3,2]‐dioxaborane) with Pd(PPh3)4 as the catalyst precursor afforded the desired C60‐cored star polyfluorenes. Their three‐dimensional structure can effectively reduce the aggregation of the polyfluorene chains. Annealing studies indicated that the C60‐cored star polyfluorenes are of good color stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4696–4706, 2007
Synthesis and properties of new fluorinated ester, thioester, and amide substituted polythiophenes. Towards superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Nicolas Mael , Guittard Frédéric , Géribaldi Serge 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA series of new fluorinated polythiophenes has been synthesized by oxidative chemical and electrochemical polymerization and by Ullmann coupling. The substitution with the perfluoroalkyl alkyl chain CH2CH2C6F13 on the 3 position of the thiophene ring is performed via an ester, thioester, or amide connector, (CH2)m‐C(O)X, m = 0–2, with a view to investigating the role of the linker on the polymerization and on the properties of the corresponding polymers. The bromination of the monomers at the 2 and 5 positions allows the use of Ullmann coupling to form soluble fluorinated oligomers. The electron affinity was determined from cyclic voltammetry and a value of 3.1 eV was found for the ester derivative; such materials represent interesting candidates for use in light‐emitting devices or as an electron accepting material in photodiodes/solar cells. The oxidative polymerizations need the connector to be spaced out from the heterocycle to reduce its withdrawal effect. The ester, thioester, and amide spacer determined to a large extent the efficiency of the oxidative polymerization, and particularly the electropolymerization, as well as the solubility of the polymers formed. All the polymers were analyzed by GPC and by UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. The electrochemical oxidation of the thioester and amide group prevents the formation of electroactive films by electropolymerization. But in the case of the ester group, the electroformed polymer exhibits exceptional stable superhydrophobic and lipophobic properties because of a porous surface and the presence of a fluorinated chain that confers low surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4707–4719, 2007
Involutions resulting from annual freeze–thaw cycles: a laboratory simulation based on observations in northeastern Japan
Authors: Ogino Yoshiko , Matsuoka Norikazu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA pilot laboratory experiment using a reversed two‐layer soil model simulated small‐scale involutions formed in a seasonal frost environment during the last glacial period. At the modelled site, the interface between the upper aeolian sandy loam and the lower volcanic pumice constitutes small‐scale involutions that display upward‐extending tapered projections and downward‐extending round hollows. Two scale‐reduced laboratory models were subjected to three accelerated annual freeze–thaw cycles with monitoring of frost heave, soil temperature, moisture and pressure. Ice segregation near the layer interface induces upheaving of coarse pumice grains on freezing and earlier settlement of mobilised loam on thawing, resulting in deformation of the interface. A reconstructed 3‐D interface displays mounds and depressions with a diameter of 15–20 cm and a height increasing with freeze– thaw alternations. The experimental results imply that the repetition of differential heave and soft‐loam settlement promotes decimetre‐scale involutions in near‐saturated soils subject to deep seasonal frost penetration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.