bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importation, Host Specificity Testing, Rearing and Release of Three Parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Eastern Australia
Authors: NEALE C. , SMITH D. , BEATTIE G. A. C. , MILES M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThree parasitoids of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, Ageniaspis citricola (Logvinovskaya), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan) and Cirrospilus quadristriatus Subba Roa and Ramamani were introduced from southern China and Thailand to eastern Australia in 1990‐91. After quarantine testing against 17 other insect hosts with leafmining and gall forming habits, they appeared to be restricted to citrus leafminer and releases were made in Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. A. citricola established throughout Queensland and C. quadristriatus in all four states. Some recoveries were made of C. phyllocnistoides but establishment has not yet been confirmed.
A New Species of Nesolycaena Waterhouse and Turner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Northeastern Australia
Authors: BRABY M. F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Nesolycaena medicea sp.n. from northern Queensland is described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia are compared with the known species of Nesolycaena Waterhouse and Turner, and a key to species is provided. The genus, as currently defined, contains four species. All species are allopatric and have limited, patchy distributions in northern and eastern Australia. N. urumelia (Tindale) is recorded from Queensland for the first time.
Review of the Australian Genus Gudanga Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Including New Species from Western Australia and Queensland
Authors: MOULDS M. S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Gudungu is redefined and its relationships discussed. The two previously known species, G. browni Distant and G. boulayi Distant, are redescribed and four additional species described as new, G. aurea sp.n., G. solutu sp.n. and G. kalgoorliensis sp.n. from Western Australia, and G. adamsi sp.n. from Queensland.
Kin Association in the Allodapine Bee Exoneura richardsoni Rayment (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: SCHWARZ MICHAEL P. , LOWE ROGER M. , LEFEVERE KATHELIJNE S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Exoneura richardsoni is a common allodapine bee which, in southern montane Victoria, primarily nests in dead fronds of tree ferns. We sampled intact colonies from the Dandenong Ranges from August 1992 through to February 1993. The bee is univoltine, with egg production commencing in later winter and adult eclosion occurring over summer. The majority of colonies in both re‐used and newly founded nests contain more than one female. Intra‐colony relatedness is very high (r =± s.e., 0.759 ± 0.087) in re‐used nests and moderately high (0.498 ± 0.152) in newly cofounded colonies, indicating maintenance of kin integrity during nest re‐use and kin recognition during foundress association. This is only the second time that kin cofounding has been demonstrated in a primitively social bee species. Samples during winter and early summer show that per capifa brood production increases with colony size up to about 3 or 4 females per nest, and this may explain the high degree of social nesting in this species. Whilst eusociality could occur in some nests, the opportunities for older, adult brood members to help rear younger siblings are very limited. It seems likely that in E. richardsoni and at least some other Australian allodapine bees, the selective maintenance of high levels of social nesting and kin recognition does not depend on the existence of eusociality.
New Species of Chloropinae (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Australia
Authors: ISMAY J. W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Elachiptereicus Becker is recorded from Australia for the first time. Elachiptereicus australiensis, Chloropsina deemingi and Eutropha spenceri spp.n. are described from Australia. Existing keys to genera and species are modified to incorporate these additions.
Positions of Juvenile Stages of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and of Four Other Flies in Bovine Dung
Authors: BISHOP A. L. , McKENZIE H. J. , BARCHIA I. M. , MURISON R. , SPOHR L. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA study was made of the positions of juvenile stages of Culicoides brevitarsis and of four other species of flies (Diptera) breeding in bovine dung. The objective was to provide information on sampling cores of dung for laboratory experiments and to study fly behaviour associated with the breeding habitat. Oviposition and field exposure of dung were restricted to 2 d and this enabled relatively discrete populations of flies to be investigated. All species were reasonably abundant after 2 d of oviposition. Distributions were contrasted by dividing the dung into vertical and horizontal segments. C. brevitarsis, A ustralosepsis niveipennis and Leptocera mirabilis oviposited mainly in the top of the dung, while Sepsis nitens and Psychoda sp. oviposited mainly in the lower half. After hatching, the proportions of flies varied between positions and over time. Except for C. brevitarsis, the adult flies were reared from the half of the pat associated with oviposition. C. brevitarsis and A. niveipennis rearings were evenly distributed in centre and outer positions 4 d after dung deposition and C. brevitarsis showed clear changes in vertical position over time. Moisture content in the dung decreased by 16.1% after 10 d, mainly in the upper half of the pat. Greater numbers of C. brevitarsis were associated with areas of higher moisture. The fly species varied in their times of emergence with C. brevitarsis emerging later in the lower half positions than in the upper half positions 10 d after deposition of the dung. A procedure for sampling cores of dung is proposed.
Immature Stages of Two Unusual Species of Dicrotendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australia
Authors: CRANSTON P. S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTTwo species of the chironomine genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, D. balciunasi Epler, 1988 and D. lindae Epler, 1988 are described, and the queried generic placement is confirmed. The subtropical to tropical distribution of both species is documented, and information provided on their larval ecology and responses to pollution.
Evaluation of Coloured Sticky Traps for Monitoring Populations of Austroasca viridigrisea (Paoli) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Cotton Farms
Authors: MENSAH R. K. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTField tests on the colour response of Austroasca viridigrisea adults were conducted using square (30 × 30 cm) coloured sticky traps placed in a cotton field. Among the colours tested, adults were attracted most to yellow traps emitting light in the 500‐600 nm region (peak reflectance at 560 nm), followed by green and orange, then red, deep blue, black, magenta and true blue. Dilution of yellow with white to produce yellow‐white hues resulted in a significant decline in A. viridigrisea captures. Reflectance spectra of painted surfaces of enamel colours and also traps with different hues of yellow indicated that A. viridigrisea capture rates were directly related to the amount of light reflected in the 500‐600 nm zone, the wavelength at which peak reflectance of green plants occurs. This positive behavioural response of A. viridigrisea to yellow suggests that the leafhopper can discriminate foliage‐like hues (500‐580 nm) from non foliage‐like hues (<500 nm and >580 nm) and therefore could detect herbaceous foliage on the basis of colour. Significantly higher numbers of adults were caught at heights between 25‐75 cm than at 100, 125 and 150 cm above ground level. To monitor flight phenology and populations of A. viridigrisea, yellow sticky traps should be placed at heights between 25 and 75 cm above ground level.
Laboratory Susceptibility of Locusta migratoria (L.), Austracrisguttulosa (Walker) and Valanga irregularis (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to an Oil Formulation of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)
Authors: MILNER R. J. , STAPLES J. A. , PRIOR C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTConidia of Metarhizium spp. formulated in mineral oil (Propar 12) were bioassayed against adults of three acridids which are sporadic pests of pasture and crops in northern Australia. Each insect was treated by placing a drop of a suspension of conidia in oil under the pronotum and was then incubated at 29°C and observed daily. Eight isolates were screened against Locusta migratoria and those found to be the most virulent were all M. flavoviride“group 3”. One of these “group 3” isolates, FI985 originally from Austracris guttulosa, was the most virulent, while three other genetically similar isolates from Africa also were highly virulent. With these four isolates, a dose of 50,000 conidiahsect caused 100% mortality in 8 d. Subsequent experiments were all with FI985. The LD50 for adult L. migratoria was 4,363 conidia (95% confidence limits: 987‐16,460) on a slope of 1.50 for the 9‐d mortality data and was 387 (68‐1,602) conidia on a slope of 1.11 for the 12‐d data. The spur‐throated locust, Austracris guttulosa, was more susceptible than L. migratoria—the LD50 for 9‐d mortality was 413 conidia (227‐867) and, for the 12‐d mortality data, it was 92 conidia (43‐164) on a common slope of 1.59. The larger females died on average 1.5 d later than the males at each dose. A more limited test of the susceptibility of the giant grasshopper, Valanga irregularis showed that this species was also susceptible to FI985. Taken together with previous data, this shows that FI985 could be used as a mycoinsecticide against all five of Australia's main acridid pests.
A New Species of Acrodipsas Sands (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Inland New South Wales and Southern Queensland
Authors: SANDS D. P. A. , MILLER C. G. , KERR J. F. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Acrodipsas mortoni sp.n. from inland New South Wales and southern Queensland is described, figured, contrasted with the related A. arcana (Miller and Edwards) and assigned to the illidgei species‐group.
Maternal Frass is Necessary for Embryonic Development in Weiseana barkeri Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: NAHRUNG HELEN , MAROHASY JENNIFER 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTEggs of Weiseana barkeri, a potential biological control agent for Acacia nilotica, are laid in batches covered in frass. an experiment measuring embryonic development in eggs with and without a frass covering indicated the presence of frass is necessary for the termination of diapause and the initiation of development in egg batches.
Control of Vector‐Borne Disease by Genetic Manipulation of Insect Populations: Technological Requirements and Research Priorities
Authors: PETTIGREW M. M. , O'NEILL S. L. 
Published: April 2007

The possibility of controlling vector‐borne disease through the development and release of transgenic insect vectors has recently gained popular support and is being actively pursued by a number of research laboratories around the world. Several technical problems must be solved before such a strategy could be implemented: genes encoding refractory traits (traits that render the insect unable to transmit the pathogen) must be identified, a transformation system for important vector species has to be developed, and a strategy to spread the refractory trait into natural vector populations must be designed. Recent advances in this field of research make it seem likely that this technology will be available in the near future.In this paper we review recent progress in this area as well as argue that care should be taken in selecting the most appropriate disease system with which to first attempt this form of intervention. Much attention is currently being given to the application of this technology to the control of malaria, transmitted by Anopheles gambiae in Africa. While malaria is undoubtedly the most important vector‐borne disease in the world and its control should remain an important goal, we maintain that the complex epidemiology of malaria together with the intense transmission rates in Africa may make it unsuitable for the first application of this technology. Diseases such as African trypanosomiasis, transmitted by the tsetse fly, or unstable malaria in India may provide more appropriate initial targets to evaluate the potential of this form of intervention.
Seasonal fluctuations in bodyweight, lipid content and the starvationlongevity of Amorbus obscuricornis (Westwood) and Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou) (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Authors: Steinbauer MJ 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe live weight (LW) and dry weight (DW), lipid and water content and starvation‐longevity of adult Amorbus obscuricornis and adult Gelonus tasmanicus were examined in successive seasons. Amorbus obscuricornis was consistently heavier than G. tasmanicus. In both species, water content was inversely related to lipid content. the LW, DW and lipid contents of A. obscuricornis were lowest in spring. In contrast, LW and DW of G. tasmanicus were highest in spring, whereas lipid content was highest in autumn. These differences appear to be related to the reproductive cycles of these species. Starvation‐longevity of both species was affected by relative humidity, being greatest at 99% and declining rapidly below 80%, and by temperature, being greatest for A. obscuricornis at 10.6°C and increasing for G. tasmanicus with decreasing temperature to 4.5°C. These differences may be related to differences in the habitat preferences of the two species, with G. tasmanicus apparently preferring cooler habitats than A. obscuricornis. It was considered that the conditions that pre‐wintering adults of either species could withstand would facilitate their hibernation.
Host species and plant part specificity of the polyphagous onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in an Australian cottongrowing area
Authors: Milne M , Walter GH 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe determined the pattern of host plant use of Thrips tabaci by surveying wheat and five weed species growing near cotton crops in the area centred on the Namoi Valley, northern New South Wales. Highest densities of T. tabaci females and larvae were found on inflorescences and vegetative parts of turnip weed, Rapistrum rugosum, and lowest on wheat, Triticum aestivum. the other plant species (Paterson's curse, Echium plantagineum, curled dock, Rumex crispus, Mayne's pest, Verbena tenuisecta and sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus) hosted intermediate densities of T. tabaci. the presence of high densities of reproductive T. tabaci on flowering and vegetative parts of turnip weed suggests that this species is a primary host of T. tabaci in the study area.
A weight‐based phenology model for immature stages of the red‐headed cockchafer, Adoryphorus coulonii (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), a pest of pastures in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Candy Steven G , McQuillan Peter B 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new method of modelling insect phenology which can be used when stadia occupancy times are unobserved is described. the method was motivated by a study of larvae of the red‐headed cockchafer which were reared and weighed regularly for a range of constant temperatures using largely field‐collected first, second and third‐instar larvae. These larvae had undergone an unknown but significant proportion of their development in the field. the method first models development rate as a function of temperature using relative growth rates in mean larval weight. Predicted mean larval weight was then used as a physiological time scale in an ordinal regression model of the proportion of the population in each of first to third‐instar stage. an algorithm to predict proportions in the field of each stage up to and including the pupal stage given a known starting date for the population and daily maximum and minimum soil temperatures is described and tested using data from two field sites. Growth rates under laboratory conditions were slower than those in the field probably due to the handling required for weighing. As a result, an adjustment to the rate parameter and a 10d̀C lower development threshold were required for the growth and phenology models to predict trajectories for mean larval weight and proportion of second‐instar larvae which were consistent with observations from the field sites.
Athrotaxivora tasmanica gen. & sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): an unusual moth associated with King William pine (Athrotaxis selaginoides D. Don., Taxodiaceae) in Tasmanian montane rainforests
Authors: McQuillan PB 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe adult, final‐instar larva and pupa of Athrotaxivora tasmanica gen. n. and.sp. n. are described. Although a member of the superfamily Gelechioidea, it does not clearly conform to any of the existing gelechioid families or subfamilies but is here tentatively associated with the Xyloryctinae. Larvae are external feeders on the foliage of the King William pine, Athrotaxis selaginoides, in the cool temperate rainforests of western Tasmania. This is the first record of the coniferous family Taxodiaceae as a foodplant for Gelechioidea in the southern hemisphere.
Development of Trichogramma australicum Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and in artificial diet
Authors: Dahlan AN , Gordh Gordon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDevelopment of Trichogramma australicum in eggs of Helicoverpa armigera and in artificial diet was compared. Females required significantly more time to insert their ovipositors into artificial eggs than into host eggs. the number of eggs deposited by a female wasp in artificial diet was significantly higher than in H. armigera eggs. Duration of egg, larval and prepupal stages was longer in artificial diet than in host eggs, but the pupal stage was shorter in artificial diet. Immatures and adults of T. australicum reared in artificial diet were significantly larger than those reared in host eggs. Compared with controls, mortality of immature T. australicum was not significantly different in host eggs, but was significantly different in artificial diet. A higher number of abnormal wasps emerged from artificial diet, whereas no abnormal wasps emerged from host eggs. Differences in the amount of diet or ooplasm consumption, varying chemical constituents and physical properties of artificial diet and host eggs may have contributed to the observed differences in development of T. australicum.
Establishment of Chilocorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a Carica papaya L. orchard infested by Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Authors: Elder RJ , Bell KL 
Published: April 2007

AbstractReleases of two coccinellid predators, (Chilocorus baileyi (Blackburn) and Chilocorus circumdatus Gyllenhal, of oriental scale (Aonidiella orientalis) onto papaya resulted in successful establishment of the predators with a new generation being produced. Both coccinellids took 5 weeks from egg to adult in the field. Use of the coccinellids offers a potential control method for this scale on the few occasions when the established parasitoids fail to control the scale and scale numbers become large on limited numbers of papaya trees.
REVERSAL OF CYCLIC CREEP IN MILD STEEL AND COPPER
Authors: OLDROYD P. W. J. , RADON J. C. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract— The progressive change of mean strain during the cyclic plastic deformation of a material between fixed stress limits is commonly called cyclic creep. If, in tension‐compression testing, the mean stress exceeds a certain critical small compressive value, shortening is to be expected; but, if it is less than this or if it is tensile, lengthening is to be expected. The value of the mean stress decides the eventual direction of cyclic creep but not necessarily the initial direction of cyclic creep. In a pre‐strained metal, the form of the tension and compression curves differs because of the Bauschinger effect. This affects the behaviour of the material during the first cycle and also, to a decreasing extent, during subsequent cycles. Thus, if the mean stress tends to cause cyclic creep in a direction opposed to that in which pre‐straining has induced initial creep, a reversal of creep can occur. Observations have been made of the phenomena in mild steel (for both directions of pre‐strain) and also in high conductivity copper.It was found that the phenomenon of creep reversal does not depend on the metal undergoing cyclic hardening or softening. However, changes in the strain range and changes in the mean strain caused by cyclic creep itself produced changes in the limits of true stress when cycling was carried out between fixed limits of nominal stress. It was also shown that a reversal of cyclic creep might occur as a result of cyclic hardening or softening of a metal which possesses similar tension and compression characteristics.
COLLABORATIVE STUDY ON THERMAL FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ALLOYS IN JAPAN
Authors: TAIRA S. , FUJINO M. , OHTANI R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted by the Subcommittee of the Japanese Society of Materials Science Committee on High Temperature Strength, in order to examine thermal fatigue properties of four Japanese high temperature alloys, and to determine short tensile, creep and isothermal fatigue properties.Thermal fatigue lives of SUS 304 and Hastelloy X were found to be shorter than isothermal fatigue lives at the maximum temperature of the thermal cycle. Intergranular cracks were observed more frequently in in‐phase thermal fatigue than in isothermal fatigue at the maximum temperature. The lower bounds of out‐of‐phase thermal fatigue life and in‐phase thermal fatigue life were nearly equal to Manson's pc‐type fatigue life and his cp‐type fatigue life, respectively. An empirical formula previously reported by the authors was found to be useful as an approximate life prediction of thermal fatigue based on isothermal fatigue lives.
Development of an educational ‘toolkit’ for health professionals and their patients with prediabetes: The WAKEUP study (Ways of Addressing Knowledge Education and Understanding in Pre‐diabetes)
Authors: Evans P. H. , Greaves C. , Winder R. , Fearn‐Smith J. , Campbell J. L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAims  To identify key messages about pre‐diabetes and to design, develop and pilot an educational toolkit to address the information needs of patients and health professionals.Methods  Mixed qualitative methodology within an action research framework. Focus group interviews with patients and health professionals and discussion with an expert reference group aimed to identify the important messages and produce a draft toolkit. Two action research cycles were then conducted in two general practices, during which the draft toolkit was used and video‐taped consultations and follow‐up patient interviews provided further data. Framework analysis techniques were used to examine the data and to elicit action points for improving the toolkit.Results  The key messages about pre‐diabetes concerned the seriousness of the condition, the preventability of progression to diabetes, and the need for lifestyle change. As well as feedback on the acceptability and use of the toolkit, four main themes were identified in the data: knowledge and education needs (of both patients and health professionals); communicating knowledge and motivating change; redesign of practice systems to support pre‐diabetes management and the role of the health professional. The toolkit we developed was found to be an acceptable and useful resource for both patients and health practitioners.Conclusions  Three key messages about pre‐diabetes were identified. A toolkit of information materials for patients with pre‐diabetes and the health professionals and ideas for improving practice systems for managing pre‐diabetes were developed and successfully piloted. Further work is needed to establish the best mode of delivery of the WAKEUP toolkit.