bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential influence of organ site on three subpopulations of a single mouse mammary tumor at two distinct steps in metastasis
Authors: Aslakson Cheryl J. , Rak Janusz W. , Miller Bonnie E. , Miller Fred R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor subpopulations 66c 14, 168FARN, and 4T07 are drug‐resistant variants selected from sister subpopulations derived from a single mouse mammary tumor. These subpopulations are heterogeneous in their capacities to form experimental metastatic growth in the lungs and liver. Initial survival kinetics of arrested cells, determined by the clearance of 125IUdR‐labelled cells, and subsequent growth rates, determined by sequential recovery of clonogenic tumor cells from occult metastases, both correlated with organ‐colonizing potential as determined by necropsy. The growth rates of these 3 subpopulations were determined in vitro in monolayer and in situ in the subcutis, in the liver following intrasplenic injection, and in the lung following intravenous injection. Clonogenic potential of all 3 lines was similar in vitro (54‐59%). Growth rates in vitro (population doubling times 16.5‐21 hr) and in the subcutis (tumor volume doubling times 5.2‐7.4 days) were similar for the 3 subpopulations, but differed significantly in the liver and lungs. For line 4T07, the most metastatic line to both lung and liver, population doubling times in vitro and in the lung and liver were similar, ranging from 17 to 26 hr. For lines 66c 14 and 168FARN, the growth rates in lungs and livers were much slower than in vitro. Line 66c14, which is relatively more metastatic to the lungs, grew much faster in the lung (39 hours) than in the liver (91 hr), but line 168FARN, which is relatively more metastatic to the liver, grew at a faster rate in the liver (37 hr) than in the lung (63 hr). Thus, 3 tumor subpopulations (seeds) derived from a single tumor were differentially affected by host organ factors (soil) at 2 distinct stages in the metastatic process.
Target lysis by human lak cells is critically dependent upon target binding properties, but LFA‐1, LFA‐3 AND ICAM‐1 are not the major adhesion ligands on targets
Authors: Quillet‐Mary Anne , Cavarec Laurent , Kermarrec Nathalie , Marchiol‐Fournigault Carmen , Gil Maria Luisa , Conjeaud Hélène , Fradelizi Didier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytotoxicity mediated by the CD2+ CD3− lymphocyte subset, either NK or LAK, is puzzling since no specific antigen recognition structures, equivalent to the CD3− associated het‐erodimer T‐cell receptor, have been recognized on these cells so far. The possibility exists that the CD3− cytotoxic effectors recognize their targets through non‐specific adhesion mechanisms. The goal of this study was: (a) to examine the correlation between binding properties and susceptibility to lysis of 6 informative target cell lines; (b) to evaluate the role, as ligands on these targets, of adhesion molecules such as LFA‐I, LFA‐3 and ICAM‐I. The effectors used in this study were IL‐2‐activated LGL, predominantly CD3, or highly purified CD3− lymphocytes from normal human donors. The 6 target lines studied included 2 pairs of EBV‐transformed B‐cell lines (721 LCL vs. 721.134, and MM vs. MM‐10F2) in which the parental lines were resistant to lysis while HLA variants were susceptible. A third pair was the Daudi Burkitt cell line, susceptible to LAK lysis, and an HLA‐positive transfected Daudi line which was more resistant to lysis. The binding properties of these targets to LAK effectors (conjugate formation) were evaluated using a sensitive double fluorescence flow cytometry method. In each pair examined, the susceptible targets formed more conjugates and were surrounded by more cytotoxic LAK effectors than their resistant counterparts, indicating that the conjugation properties of targets are closely correlated with their susceptibility to LAK lysis. The expression of adhesion molecules on the informative targets was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and their role was evaluated by inhibition of lysis after pre‐coating the targets with the relevant antibodies. The differences in the expression of the classical cell‐cell adhesion molecules LFA‐1, LFA‐3 and ICAM‐1 on the target surfaces were only marginal, insufficient to explain the striking differences in susceptibility to lysis and in binding properties. Coating the target cells with antibodies directed against these adhesion determinants had no effects on the lysis of susceptible target cells. The same antibodies reacting with the LAK effectors did inhibit lysis. Taken together, these results suggest that, on the targets, presently undefined membrane adhesion structures may have a major role in conjugate formation between target and CD3 effectors and determine the susceptibility of the targets to lysis.
Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of malignant melanoma over time is unlikely
Authors: Van Deresch E. P. , Muir C. S. , Nectoux J. , Macfarlane G. , Maisonneuve P. , Bharucha H. , Briggs J. , Cooke R. A. , Dempster A. G. , Essex W. B. , Hofer P. A. , Hood A. F. , Ironside P. , Larsen T. E. , Little J. H. , Philipps R. , Pfau R. S. , Prade M. , Pozharisski K. M. , Rilke F. , Schafler K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo assess whether the increase in malignant melanoma incidence could be due, at least in part, to changes in histological criteria of malignancy, pathologists in Australia, France, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and the USSR reviewed diagnoses of 50 consecutive pigmented naevi (40 junctional and compound; 10 intradermal) and 20 consecutive malignant melanomas made in each participating centre around 1930, around 1955 and around 1980. Collaborating pathologists re‐read the material, 2,665 cases in all, either from the original slide (82%) or from a recut block (17%), gave their diagnosis and indicated whether the lesion was benign (B), dubious benign (DB), dubious malignant (DM) or malignant (M). As the distribution of review diagnoses was much the same whether the original slide or one made from a recut block was read, the material was pooled. Overall, 2.8% of cases originally reported as B/DB were reviewed as DM/M, while 4.4% of the DM/M diagnoses were held to be B/DB. The shifts between categories were greatest around 1955 and least around 1980, suggesting increasing uniformity of interpretation. All available blocks were recut and sections sent to I ARC for review: 1.7% (22) of 1293 B/DB diagnoses were considered to be DM/M and 3.3% (18) of 551 DM/M diagnoses were considered to have been B/DB. The consistently low frequency of shift in diagnostic category, whether the material was reviewed in the collaborating laboratories or by one pathologist at IARC, in a study designed to give maximum attention to those lesions‐the junctional and compound naevi‐in which a change in opinion as to malignancy would be most likely to arise, suggests that pathologists, irrespective of geographical location, are using common criteria. These findings argue against changes in histological interpretation as being responsible for more than a small portion of the continuous increase of some 3% to 8% per annum observed in malignant melanoma incidence. Other explanations, such as an increase in the frequency or potential for malignant transformation of precursor lesions, must be sought. The anatomical distribution of the malignant melanomas examined followed the usual site pattern by sex, and their thickness was observed to decrease over the period of the study in most centres.
EGF in breast cyst fluid: Relationships with intracystic androgens, estradiol and progesterone
Authors: Boccardo F. , Torrisi R. , Zanardi S. , Valenti G. , Pensa F. , De Franchis V. , Barreca A. , Ferraro P. , Minuto F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between intracystic levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and those of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA‐S), Δ‐4‐androstenedione (Δ‐4‐A), 17‐β‐estradiol (17‐β‐E) and progesterone (PROG) have been studied in 77 breast cyst fluid (BCF) samples. EGF and all tested hormones appeared to be inversely correlated with the intracystic Na+/K+ ratio (p < 0.001). Consequently, when the BCFs were subdivided according to the Na+/K+ ratio, significantly higher levels of EGF, DHEA‐S, Δ‐4‐A, 17‐β‐E and PROG were found in Na+/K+ < 3 BCFs compared with Na+/K+ > 3 BCFs (p< 0.001 in all cases). Strong direct relationships were found among all steroid hormones when they were correlated to one another (p< 0.001). Intracystic EGF concentration was directly and significantly correlated with each tested hormone (p< 0.001). However, the relationship between EGF and steroid hormones appeared to be different in the 2 BCF types (Na+/K+ < 3 or >3).
Characterization by somatic cell genetics of a monoclonal antibody to the MDR1 gene product (P‐glycoprotein): Determination of p‐glycoprotein expression in multi‐drug‐resistant kb and cem cell variants
Authors: Cenciarelli Cristina , Currier Stephen J. , Willingham Mark C. , Thiebaut Franz , Germann Ursula A. , Rutherford Angelina V. , Gottesman Michael M. , Barca Stefano , Tombesi Marina , Morrone Stefania , Santoni Angela , Mariani Massimo , Ramoni Carlo , Dupuis Maria Luisa , Cianfriglia Maurizio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe isolated an IgG2a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) termed MAb57, specifically reactive with multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) human cells. Its specificity toward the MDRI gene product (P‐glycoprotein) has been demonstrated by the concordant segregation of the MAb57 epitope with the MDRI gene in interspecific mouse × human cell hybrids, and the reactivity of several different MDRI gene‐expressing cells with Mab57, particularly insect cells acutely infected with a baculovirus encoding the MDRI gene. Mab57 can be used to detect, by flow cytometry, variations in the relative drug‐resistance levels of several MDR KB and CEM cell variants. This immunological probe has also proven useful in selectively destroying MDR target cells in an antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated (ADCC) assay system as well as in detecting P‐glycoprotein expression in normal and malignant tissues and cells.
aberrant expression of HLA Class‐I antigens in burkitt lymphoma cells
Authors: Andersson Monika L. , Stam Nico J. , Klein George , Ploegh Hidde L. , Masucci Maria G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHLA class‐1 expression has been investigated by biochemical methods in 14 Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines and the corresponding Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) derived from the same individuals. Selective down‐regulation of one or more HLA class‐1 specificities was demonstrated in 9 out of 14 BL lines. The defect was restricted to a single HLA‐A allele in 3 of the lines (BL29, BL72, WW‐1‐BL). Four lines (BL28, BL37, BL41 and Jijoye M13) showed down‐regulation of both HLA‐A and ‐C alleles, and one (BL36) failed to express one HLA‐C allele. Only one BL line (WW‐2‐BL) had lost one HLA‐A and one HLA‐B allele. The allele‐specific defects were mainly detected in cell lines that had maintained the phenotypic characteristics of the original tumor. Expression of B‐cell activation markers and the EBV‐encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐2 correlated with up‐regulation of the Cw4 allele in the P79 subline of the BL line Jijoye. Treatment with gamma‐interferon (IFN) resulted in full or partial reversion of the HLA class‐1 defects in some of the cases but had no significant effect in others. This was not due to a cell‐line‐related unresponsiveness to IFN, nor did it reflect an allele‐specific mode of regulation because the same allele could respond differently in different cell lines. The data suggest that defective expression of HLA class‐1 antigens, which appears to be more prevalent for alleles within the HLA‐A and ‐C loci, is a common feature of BL cell lines. Different regulatory mechanisms appear to be involved.
Heterogeneity for integrin expression and cytokine‐mediated VLA modulation can influence the adhesion of human melanoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Mortarini Roberta , Anichini Andrea , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExpression of α and β subunits of VLA and VNR integrins was analyzed by cytofluorimetric analysis on 6 different human primary and metastatic melanoma cell cultures. Marked inter‐tumor heterogeneity was observed, and expression of VLA‐α, VLA‐α2 and VLA‐α6 was lower on primary melanomas than on metastatic lesions. The function of VLA products on melanoma cells was assessed by adhesion assays to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins using a panel of melanoma clones previously characterized for the presence and heterogeneity of expression of the distinct VLA‐α subunits. These experiments indicated that intra‐tumor heterogeneity in the integrin profile can influence the interaction of neoplastic cells with ECM proteins. Inhibition of adhesion with antibodies to VLA‐α subunits revealed that the presence on melanoma cells of VLA‐α2, VLA‐α5 and VLA‐α6 is relevant for the adhesion to type‐IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin respectively. Culture of tumor cells in the presence of cytokines such as rIL‐1β, rTNF‐α, rIFN‐γ or TGF‐β could induce up‐ or down‐modulation in the level of expression of multiple VLA integrins. Cytokine‐mediated antigenic shifts in the VLA profile of melanoma cells were detected by cytofluorimetric analysis as early as 24 hr after cytokine exposure. The cytokine‐dependent change in the matrix receptor profile of melanoma cells also affected the adhesion to ECM proteins as revealed by the enhanced adhesion of rTNF‐α‐treated cells to fibronectin. These data indicate that constitutive heterogeneity in the integrin profile or cytokine‐mediated shifts in VLA expression can affect the ability of human melanoma cells to interact with different ECM components.
Invasion of rous sarcoma virus‐transformed retinal cells: Role of cell motility
Authors: Brady‐Kalnay Susann M. , Soll David R. , Brackenbury Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransformation of retinal neuro‐epithelial cells by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) leads to many alterations in cell phenotype, including changes in cell movement, cell‐cell adhesion and protease secretion. To define and quantitate the alterations in cell movement, we analyzed video recordings of cultured cells using the computer‐assisted Dynamic Morphology System (DMS). Control neuro‐epithelial cells showed very low levels of translocation and membrane activity. After transformation, neuro‐epithelial cells exhibited increased membrane activity, although directed cell translocation remained low. Developing retinas also contain a small proportion of Muller glial cells, which were purified by repeated passaging of control cultures. In contrast to neuro‐epithelial cells, both control and RSV‐transformed glial cells showed high levels of translocation and membrane activity. To analyze how different kinds of cell movement affect invasive behavior, we compared the ability of control and RSV‐transformed cells to invade the chorio‐allantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos. Control neuro‐epithelial cells were not invasive. RSV‐transformed neuro‐epithelial cells, which showed low levels of translocation as revealed by DMS, were invasive. Similarly, RSV‐transformed glial cells were invasive while control glial cells, which translocated, were not invasive. These results suggest that high levels of cell translocation are not necessary for invasion. In addition, the results suggest that elevated membrane activity in neuro‐epithelial cells may be important for their invasion.
Immunotherapy of a mouse mammary carcinoma by sustained peritumor release of IL‐2
Authors: Vaage Jan , Mayhew Eric 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the local and systemic therapeutic effects of lnterleukin‐2 (IL‐2) used in 3 different preparations: suspended in PBS, suspended in 2% agar, and entrapped in multi‐lamellar liposomes suspended in 2% agar. The liposomes were composed of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in a 1:4 molar ratio. The net release of IL‐2 in vitro (by ELISA assay) at 37°C, measured at 4 hr, 2 days, and 10 days, was 50%, 75%, and 100% from agar, and 8%, 22%, and 33% from liposomes in agar. In the therapeutic tests, the IL‐2 preparations were injected close to s. c. implants of the MC2 mouse mammary carcinoma. Four injections at weekly intervals of IL‐2 in agar had as much local and systemic (against uninjected contralateral tumor implants in treated mice) therapeutic effect as the same total amount of IL‐2 in PBS given in 20 daily injections over 4 weeks. The IL‐2 liposome‐gel preparation was most effective (p < 0.05), probably due to the more sustained release of IL‐2. Three injections of this preparation gave a fixed and sustained peritumor release of IL‐2 which, at sub‐toxic levels, resulted in both local and systemic therapeutic effects.
Human colon carcinoma, fibrosarcoma and leukemia cell lines produce tumor‐associated trypsinogen
Authors: Koivunen Erkki , Saksela Olli , Itkonen Outi , Osman Sirpa , Huhtala Marja‐Liisa , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that cyst fluid of ovarian tumors contains 2 trypsinogen isoenzymes, called tumor‐associated trypsinogen‐1 (TAT‐1) and trypsinogen‐2 (TAT‐2), the levels of which correlate with the degree of malignancy of the tumors. In addition, these cyst fluids contain large amounts of tumor‐associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI), which is also expressed in many other human tumors. In the present study we examined the production of TAT‐1, TAT‐2 and TATI in 9 established tumor‐cell lines. TAT‐2 was produced by 5 cell lines. Its concentration in the conditioned medium of COLO 205 colon adenocarcinoma cells, K‐562 erythroleukemia cells and fibrosarcoma cell lines HT 1080,8387 and A 9733 was 460 μg/1, 9.8 μg/1, 21 μg/1, 8.8 μg/1 and 0.24 μg/l, respectively. TAT‐1 was detectable in the conditioned medium of COLO 205 and HT 1080 cells at concentrations of 64 μg/1 and 0.5 μg/1, respectively. TATI was detected only in the media of COLO 205 cells at a concentration of 23 μg/1. TAT‐2 zymogen was purified from the conditioned medium of COLO 205 and HT 1080 cells by immunoaffinity chromatography. According to its aminoterminal amino acid sequence, a molecular mass of 28 kDa by SDS‐PAGE, elution pattern in ion‐exchange chromatography and ability to be activated by enteropeptidase, the zymogen is identical to that previously isolated from cyst fluid of ovarian tumors. In addition, we found that TAT‐2 secretion could be down‐regulated by dexamethasone in HT 1080 cells but not in COLO 205 cells. The abundant production of TAT‐2 isoenzyme in different cancer cell lines suggests that it could contribute to the increased proteolytic activity of many human tumors.
Inhibition of respiration of tumor cells by methylglyoxal and protection of inhibition by lactaldehyde
Authors: Ray Manju , Halder Jyotsnabaran , Dutta Samir K. , Ray Subhankar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of methylglyoxal (MG), ascorbic acid and lactaldehyde has been tested on the in vitro respiration of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and several normal and malignant human tissues. Methylglyoxal inhibited the respiration of each type of malignant cell and tissue tested, but it had practically no inhibitory effect on the respiration of any of the normal cells and tissues. Ascorbic acid exhibited a synergistic effect with MG in inhibiting the respiration of all the neoplastic cells. In the presence of lactaldehyde, a catabolite of MG, the inhibitory effect of MG on the respiration of tumor cells was significantly reduced. Lactaldehyde can exert a similar protective effect on the loss of viability and transplantability of MG‐treated EAC cells.
The effect of dibutyryl camp (dBcAMP) on morphological differentiation, growth and invasion in vitro of a hamster brain‐tumor cell line: A comparative study of dBcAMP effects in 2‐ and 3‐dimensional cultures
Authors: Boghaert E. R. , Simpson J. , Jacob R. J. , Lacey T. , Walsh J. W. , Zimmer S. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of agents that stimulate cancer cells to differentiate is proposed as a potential approach to the treatment of malignancy. To evaluate the effects of a differentiation inducer on morphology, growth and invasion in vitro of brain‐tumor cells, a diffusely invasive hamster glial cell line (CxT3C15) was treated with Imm dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP). The efficacy of dBcAMP was tested in monolayer cultures, 3‐dimensional static cultures (i.e., spheroids) and confrontation cultures with an embryonic chick heart. CxT3C15 cells exhibited increased numbers of long cellular processes (morphological differentiation) following treatment of monolayer cultures with Imm dBcAMP. One mm dBcAMP also altered the macroscopic and ultrastructural morphology of CxT3C15 grown as spheroids. These alterations were: (i) a fast transition of rough to smooth morphology macroscopically, and (ii) fading of the cell borders concomitant with the disappearance of cell‐membrane excrescences, as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Exponential growth of CxT3C15 in monolayers was not changed following treatment with ImM dBcAMP. Treatment of CxT3C15 spheroids with the same dose of dBcAMP caused a reduction of relative volume increase (30‐40%). Invasion of CxT3C15 in an embryonic chick heart in vitro was not altered after addition (prior to or at the time of co‐culture) of Imm dBcAMP to the co‐cultures.These results indicate that invasion of CxT3C15 is not necessarily linked to morphological differentiation or moderated by reduced proliferation.
Characterization of a newly established human burkitt's lymphoma cell line, OMA‐BL‐1
Authors: Joshi Shantaram S. , Deboer Joanne M. , Strandjord Sarah J. , Pirruccello Samuel J. , Sanger Warren G. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Sharp J. Graham 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing culture techniques, we have been able to grow occult tumor cells from the bone marrow from cancer patients and have developed a new malignant lymphoid cell line, OMA‐BL‐I, from the bone marrow of a 17‐year‐old patient with recurrent Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumor cells grew rapidly in vitro in suspension culture, and very aggressively in vivo in athymic nude mice with metastases to the liver and abdominal cavity. The morphological, chromosomal, immunophenotypic and molecular biologic characteristics of fresh uncultured tumor cells from the patient and tumor cells grown in culture and in athymic nude mice were very similar. The cells were positive for Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigens (EBNA) and chromosome analysis of the cells revealed an atypical chromosomal abnormality of 45, X, ‐X, i(8q), HSR(18)(q21), t(8;14)(q24;q32). Southern analysis demonstrated that c‐myc was rearranged and amplified in these cells. Immunophenotypic analysis of the cells using flow cytometry showed monoclonal B cells expressing a surface IgG‐kappa isotype. The tumor cells grown in nude mice had a significant decrease in CD24 expression when compared to cultured tumor cells. Electron microscopy of the fresh and cultured cells revealed Herpes virus, most likely Epstein‐Barr virus, particles. This cell line has been maintained in culture for over 18 months. The aggressive growth and metastatic properties of this cell line in athymic nude mice make it a potentially useful experimental model to study the biology of human lymphoma.