bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface adsorption of DNA to tissue engineering scaffolds for efficient gene delivery
Authors: Jang Jae‐Hyung , Bengali Zain , Houchin Tiffany L. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGene delivery from tissue engineering scaffolds has potential to promote localized transgene expression that can induce the formation of functional tissues. Substrate‐mediated delivery, an alternative delivery strategy to sustained release, is based on immobilization of DNA complexes to the polymer surface for subsequent delivery to cells cultured on the substrate. We investigate polyethylenimine (PEI)/DNA complex immobilization and subsequent cellular transfection on tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated from poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLG). The properties of the substrate and the complex affect both immobilization and cellular transfection. PLG promotes binding of PEI/DNA complexes, with percent bound independent of the N/P ratio or the DNA dosage. The levels of transgene expression are similar to or greater than control studies based on bolus DNA delivery, with orders of magnitude less DNA. Immobilization also homogeneously distributes the DNA throughout the scaffold, resulting in large numbers of transfected cells (>60%) at low surface quantities (<50 ng). Importantly, this approach can be employed to transfect cells throughout a three‐dimensional scaffold. Tissue engineering scaffolds that are prefabricated into various shapes from a range of materials could potentially employ this strategy for numerous applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Sequential bilateral torsion of normal ovaries in a prepubertal child
Authors: Karnik Alka S. , Sainani, MD Nisha I. , Kamat, MD Neemish N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report a case of bilateral ovarian torsion in a prepubertal girl with normal ovaries that occurred at an interval of 1 year. The diagnosis was made on gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography, and ovarian salvage was performed. The role of preventive contralateral ovarian pexy in cases of ovarian torsion is emphasized. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:33–37, 2006
Androgen insensitivity syndrome: in utero diagnosis by four‐dimensional sonography and amniotic fluid karyotype
Authors: Bonilla‐Musoles Fernando , Kushner‐Dávalos Luis , Raga Francisco , Machado Luiz E. , Osborne Newton G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe describe a fetus with androgen insensitivity syndrome diagnosed at 16 weeks' gestation with two‐dimensional (2D) and four‐dimensional (4D) sonography and karyotype analysis in a 37‐year‐old pregnant woman. Two‐dimensional (2D) sonography revealed a female phenotype. Karyotype analysis revealed an unremarkable 46,XY chromosomal complement. Repeat 4D sonography confirmed a female phenotype with edematous labia majora, consistent with androgen insensitivity syndrome. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:30–32, 2006
Charles Manning Child (1869–1954): the past, present, and future of metabolic signaling
Authors: Blackstone Neil W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCharles Manning Child's work focused on metabolic gradients and their influence on organismal development. Early in the 20th century, his work had considerable currency, but by the second half of the century he had become little more than a historical footnote. Yet today Child's ideas are once again topical. While there were issues of cause and effect that Child and his students were never able to address adequately, in hindsight the extent of his eclipse hardly seems warranted. In fact, the demise of Child's theories may have resulted from larger changes in the nature of biology in the early 20th century. Child frequently studied planarians, hydroids, and other animals that are capable of asexual, agametic reproduction, and his theories most clearly apply to such organisms. In contrast, Thomas Hunt Morgan, initially one of Child's competitors in studies of regeneration, later developed the field of transmission genetics based on fruit flies, which can only reproduce via gametes. Child's theories and model systems were largely casualties of the success of Morgan's mechanistic paradigm. Nevertheless, in modern biology metabolic gradients, recast in terms of redox signaling, have become central to understanding both normal and pathological development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with resection of the left hepatic duct prior to hepatic resection
Authors: Miyazawa Mitsuo , Toshimitsu Yasuko , Torii Takahiro , Okada Katsuya , Koyama Isamu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExtended hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma results in high operative or in‐hospital mortality rates despite of the recent progress in perioperative management. As a new procedure to prevent postoperative hepatic failure in hilar cholangiocarcinoma infiltrating predominantly the right hepatic duct, we devised a combination of extended right lobectomy plus caudal lobectomy with resection of the left hepatic duct prior to hepatic resection by utilizing intraoperative cholangiography, and applied the procedure to a 70‐year‐old patient. He had a favorable postoperative course and remains recurrence‐free at 4 years after operation. This is a procedure for confining the extent of hepatectomy to the minimum necessary, aiming at curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:72–75. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei and the urinary tract: Involvement and treatment related complications
Authors: Smeenk R.M. , Bex A. , Verwaal V.J. , Horenblas S. , Zoetmulder F.A.N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by intraperitoneal accumulation of mucus produced by neoplastic cells of mostly appendiceal origin. The aim of this study was to analyze primary and secondary involvement and treatment‐related complications of the urinary tract in PMP.MethodsA retrospective study of 92 patients with PMP, treated by cytoreduction and intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at The Netherlands Cancer Institute between 1996 and 2004.ResultsSeven patients presented with involvement of the urinary tract. Major urologic complications occurred in five patients, of which two had secondary involvement of the urinary tract. Major urologic complications consisted predominantly of surgical complications related to the bladder. All patients with secondary involvement and/or urologic complications had undergone previous pelvic surgery.ConclusionsThe urinary tract is rarely involved in patients with PMP. Secondary involvement is mostly observed and may be a result of seeding of PMP of pelvic origin after prior pelvic surgery. There is a low urologic complication risk of treatment with cytoreduction and HIPEC. The combination of secondary involvement and previous pelvic surgery is an omen of treatment‐related urologic complications, necessitating (surgical) re‐interventions and further management in close collaboration with urologists. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:20–23. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theaflavin‐3, 3′‐digallate induces epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation
Authors: Mizuno Hideya , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Zhu Feng , Ma Wei‐Ya , Bode Ann M. , Yang Chung S. , Ho Chi‐Tang , Dong Zigang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBlack tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide and especially in Western nations. Theaflavins, a mixture of theaflavin (TF‐1), theaflavin‐3‐gallate (TF‐2a), theaflavin‐3′‐gallate (TF‐2b), and theaflavin‐3,3′‐digallate (TF‐3) are the major components of black tea. Among these black tea components, theaflavin is generally considered to be the more effective component for the inhibition of carcinogenesis. Recently, TF‐3 has been shown to have an antiproliferative effect on tumor cells, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we showed that TF‐3‐induced internalization and downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These results suggested that TF‐3 induces EGFR endocytosis and degradation. We further showed that TF‐3 stimulated EGFR ubiquitination and tyrosine kinase activation. Interestingly, TF‐3‐induced EGFR downregulation is inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, but not by the EGFR‐specific receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478. Furthermore, pretreatment with TF‐3 inhibited EGF‐induced EGFR autophosphorylation, ERKs phosphorylation and AP‐1 activation in JB6 Cl41 cells. In addition, TF‐3 inhibited EGF‐induced anchorage‐independent cell transformation. Overall, our results indicate that TF‐3 might exert chemopreventive effects through the downregulation of the EGFR. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 in breast cancer: a potential target for therapy
Authors: Mehrotra Sanjana , Morimiya Akira , Agarwal Beamon , Konger Raymond , Badve Sunil 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe anti‐tumour actions of cyclooxygenases (COX) are thought to be mediated by inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. However, COX‐2 inhibition also alters cellular production of other prostaglandins such as prostacyclin (PGI2). The latter action is believed to be important for the development of adverse cardio‐vascular events. Microsomal PGES (mPGES‐1) is an enzyme downstream to COX‐2 and affects PGE2 production only. It is possible that targeting mPGES‐1 could decrease PGE2 production without affecting PGI2 production. In order to assess the potential of mPGES‐1 as a target for therapy, we analysed its expression in breast cell lines and normal and malignant breast tissues. The expression of mPGES‐1 and COX‐2 was correlated in tumour cells and vascular endothelium, and with prognostic parameters in breast cancer. Although not detectable in normal epithelial cells, expression was noted in areas of fibrocystic change and in situ carcinoma. mPGES‐1 expression was noted in 79% of breast cancer tissues. Its expression did not correlate with COX‐2 overexpression or with prognostic markers of breast cancer. Endothelial cells did not show mPGES‐1 expression. Upregulation of mPGES‐1 is therefore frequent in pre‐malignant and malignant breast disease. In this study, coordinate over‐expression of COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 was not observed, particularly in the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Targeting mPGES‐1 might prove to be an alternative therapeutic strategy to inhibit PGE2 production. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the profiling depth in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Crossman Lee , McHugh Nansie A. , Hsieh Yunsheng , Korfmacher Walter A. , Chen Jiwen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry is generally considered to be a surface analysis technique. In this report, the profiling depth of imaging mass spectrometry was examined. MALDI matrix solution was found to be able to gain access to the tissue interior and extract analyte molecules to the tissue surface. As a consequence, prazosin, a small molecule pharmaceutical compound, located as deep as 40 µm away from the surface was readily detected after matrix application. Likewise, cytochrome c, a 12 kDa protein, was also detectable from the tissue interior. Moreover, for prazosin, not only the extent of matrix effect, but also the extraction efficiency of the matrix solvent appeared to be dependent on the type of tissue. These results indicated that experimental conditions that decrease the matrix solvent evaporation during matrix application may increase analyte extraction efficiency and hence sensitivity of the analysis. Furthermore, thin sections should be used to avoid differential extraction efficiency of matrix solvent in different tissues for whole‐body analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of intramolecular proton migration in a series of model, metal‐cationized tripeptides using in situ generation of an isotope label
Authors: Bulleigh Kellis , Howard Angela , Do Trang , Wu Qun , Anbalagan Victor , Stipdonk Michael Van 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this study we used an isotope label, generated in situ, to investigate intramolecular proton migration or scrambling during formation of [b2+17+Li]+ products by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of Li+‐cationized tripeptides. To generate the isotope label, we used a McLafferty‐type rearrangement of N‐terminally acetylated, C‐terminal peptide tert‐butyl esters in which all amide positions were exchanged with deuterium. Using a set of small, model peptides, we show that intramolecular proton scrambling occurs during CID, particularly amongst adjacent sites along a peptide backbone, on the time scales employed for low‐energy collisional activation in an ion‐trap mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of two‐dimensional gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the stable carbon isotopic analysis of C2–C5non‐methane hydrocarbons emitted from biomass burning
Authors: Nara Hideki , Nakagawa Fumiko , Yoshida Naohiro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA two‐dimensional gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (2D‐GC/C/IRMS) system was developed for stable carbon isotopic measurements of C2–C5non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in biomass burning smoke. The 2D‐GC/C/IRMS system successfully improved the accuracy and precision for the measurements of C4and C5saturated compounds in a smoke sample by selective injection of target compounds into a combustion furnace and consequently allowed us to provide complete baseline separation for all individual NMHCs. The analytical precision of theδ13C of each compound was better than 0.5‰ for more than 500 pmolC injections and 2.1‰ for 30 pmolC injections, which was estimated from replicate analysis of standard gases. This system was applied to the analysis of NMHCs in smoke samples collected from laboratory biomass burning experiments. From the combustion of three fuel materials (rice straw, pine wood, and maize), we found that the isotopic fractionation between fuel material and individual NMHCs is almost independent of the fuel material and thus theδ13C values of the fuel materials are reflected inδ13C values of most of NMHCs. However, only i‐butane emitted from maize combustion showed anomalous13C‐depletion of −11.6‰ relative to theδ13C value of maize. Such a large13C depletion suggests the specific isotopic fractionation process which is attributed to the maize combustion itself or the chemical properties of i‐butane during production from a radical recombination reaction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental conditions and timing for the spawning of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) and the endangered trout cod (M. macquariensis) in southeastern Australian rivers
Authors: Koehn John D. , Harrington D. J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe environmental conditions and timing of spawning of Murray cod and trout cod were investigated over three successive years in the regulated Murray River and in the nearby, unregulated Ovens River. Larvae were collected in drift samples from early November. Murray cod larvae were present for up to ten weeks, but trout cod larvae were present for only about two weeks. Cod larvae were collected in both rivers in each year sampled, despite a range of flow conditions. Spawning periods, estimated by back‐calculating larval ages and egg incubation times, were in part, concurrent for the two species, beginning in October when water temperatures had exceeded 15°C, allowing the occasional hybridization that has been noted between these two species. Trout cod larvae (10.0–18.2 mm) were significantly larger than Murray cod larvae (9.5–14.8 mm) in both years and the larvae of both species were significantly larger in 1995/6 than in 1994/5 in the Murray River. There was no relationship between larval size and water temperature, but later spawning times at the upper Murray River site coincided with lower water temperatures. Larval abundance varied significantly between sites, samples and years, with peak larval abundances occurring in November. Murray cod larval abundance was best explained by the explanatory variables of year, day length and change in flow over the previous 7 d. Environmental conditions for the spawning of Murray cod and trout cod are similar, and both species exhibit a similar larval dispersal strategy by emergence into the drift. Spawning occurred regularly under a range of flow conditions and it is likely that recruitment of these species in these rivers is driven by the subsequent survival of larvae and juveniles. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New confidence intervals for the difference between two sensitivities at a fixed level of specificity
Authors: Qin Gengsheng , Hsu Yu‐Sheng , Zhou Xiao‐Hua 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor two continuous‐scale diagnostic tests, it is of interest to compare their sensitivities at a predetermined level of specificity. In this paper, we propose three new intervals for the difference between two sensitivities at a fixed level of specificity. These intervals are easy to compute. We also conduct simulation studies to compare the relative performance of the new intervals with the existing normal‐ approximation‐based interval proposed by Wieand et al. Our simulation results show that the newly proposed intervals perform better than the existing normal‐approximation‐based interval in terms of coverage accuracy and interval length. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘WHEN ARE THE CHILDREN GOING TO LEAVE HOME!’: FAMILY CULTURE AND DELAYED TRANSITIONS IN SPAIN
Authors: Holdsworth Clare 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACT
This paper distinguishes the characteristics of recent trends towards older ages of leaving home in Spain. Based on analysis of in-depth interviews with young people and parents from Bilbao in the Basque Country, I explore how familism and family solidarity play a key role in the current trend towards delayed family formation, focusing on the postponement of leaving home. This analysis illustrates the various leaving home strategies that young Basque people adopt, and how these are negotiated with parents and other family members. The analysis of the interview data also captures the ways in which young people negotiate with and recreate family culture, both while living in and leaving the parental home. The different strategies adopted by young people are classified by a typology based on the extent to which young people recognise and conform to a prescribed cultural model of behaviour, namely leaving home to get married and (preferably) buy a property.
Effect of a laxative with and without tegaserod in adolescents with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: KHOSHOO V. , ARMSTEAD C. , LANDRY L. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryAimTo determine the effect of a laxative alone and in combination with tegaserod in alleviating pain and improving stool frequency in adolescents with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome.PatientsForty‐eight postpubertal adolescents of both sexes with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome, as defined by Rome II criteria, were randomly allocated to Group A (n = 27) for treatment with a laxative (polyethylene glycol 3350 oral solution) only or Group B (n = 21) for combination therapy with the laxative and tegaserod. Symptoms of abdominal pain (scale 0–10) and frequency of bowel movements were recorded daily in the pre‐treatment phase and the post‐treatment phase after a 7‐day ‘washout’ period. Patients served as their own controls.ResultsTreatment with the laxative alone (Group A) resulted in significant increase in frequency of bowel movements (P < 0.05), but not significant improvement in pain (P > 0.05). Treatment with the combination of the laxative and tegaserod (Group B) led to significant increase in the frequency of bowel movements and also significant reduction in pain (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe laxative alone improved stooling but not pain in adolescents with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Addition of tegaserod resulted in alleviation of pain as well.
Blood oxidative stress markers are unreliable markers of hepatic steatosis
Authors: BONNEFONT‐ROUSSELOT D. , RATZIU V. , GIRAL P. , CHARLOTTE F. , BEUCLER I. , POYNARD T. ,   FOR THE LIDO STUDY GROUP
Published: December 2005

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis are associated with hepatic oxidative stress, which is partially dependent on the amount of hepatic fat.AimTo determine whether the circulating lipid and oxidative stress parameters could be non‐invasive markers of hepatic steatosis.MethodsSixty‐four patients with NAFLD or viral hepatitis were tested for lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant defence systems, lipid parameters and liver function tests.ResultsHepatic steatosis was correlated with lipids, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase/erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ratio. γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the presence of steatosis. No difference in blood oxidative stress markers was observed according to the presence or absence of steatosis except for the superoxide dismutase/erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ratio. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the NAFLD group (n = 17, 60% mean steatosis grade) than in the viral hepatitis group (n = 20, 13% mean steatosis grade). Only superoxide dismutase was lower and vitamin E higher in NAFLD than in viral hepatitis patients.ConclusionsStandard blood oxidative stress markers do not predict the extent of hepatic steatosis as they probably do not accurately reflect intrahepatic oxidative stress. Serum lipid levels were best correlated with hepatic steatosis.
Statins and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: THISTED H. , JACOBSEN J. , MUNK E. M. , NØRGAARD B. , FRIIS S. , McLAUGHLIN J. K. , SØRENSEN H. T. , JOHNSEN S. P. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryBackgroundCase reports have suggested that statins may cause acute pancreatitis.AimTo examine if statins are associated with risk of acute pancreatitis.MethodsWe identified 2576 first‐time admitted cases of acute pancreatitis from hospital discharge registers in three Danish counties, and 25 817 age‐ and gender‐matched controls from the general population. Prescriptions for statins prior to admission with acute pancreatitis or index date among controls were retrieved from prescription databases. We used conditional logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios for acute pancreatitis among ever (ever before), current (0–90 days before), new (first prescription in 0–90 days before) and former (>90 days, but not 0–90 days before) users of statins.ResultsAdjusted odds ratios for acute pancreatitis among ever, current, new and former users of statins were 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.115–1.80), 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.64), 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.43–2.37) and 2.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.37–2.97), respectively. There was an indication of an inverse association between the number of filled prescriptions and risk of acute pancreatitis.ConclusionsOur findings speak against a strong causative effect of statins on the risk of acute pancreatitis, and may even indicate a mild protective effect.