bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and tolerability of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in early postmenopausal women
Authors: Mattsson L A , Skouby S , Rees M , Heikkinen J , Kudela M , Stadnicki-Kolendo A , Mattila L , Salminen K , Vuorela A , Mustonen M ,   The Indivina 321 Study Group
Published: August 2007

Objective. Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (ccHRT) based on estradiol valerate (E2V) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is effective for relief of menopausal symptoms three years or more after the menopause. This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy and tolerability of ccHRT in early postmenopausal women (last menstrual period 1.3 years before study entry). Study design. This was a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multinational study of ccHRT comprising three different dose combinations of E2V/MPA in 459 early postmenopausal non-hysterectomized women experiencing 30 or more moderate to severe hot flushes a week and/or vasomotor symptoms requiring treatment. Main outcomes measures. The primary endpoint was change in frequency and severity of moderate to severe hot flushes at 12 weeks. Secondary outcome measures included number of bleeding days and evaluation of tolerability. Results. The frequency of hot flushes was reduced by ≥70% after one month ( P<0.001 for all doses at week 2 onwards), with little evidence of statistically different dose effects. Severity of flushing was also attenuated by ccHRT. Mean number of bleeding days fell to <1 per 28-day cycle at 52 weeks. Rates of amenorrhoea approached 80–90% at the end of the study, but were significantly lower at several time points with the highest-dose regimen (2 mg E2V + 5 mg MPA) than with the lower-dose options (1 mg E2V + 2.5 mg MPA and 1 mg E2V + 5 mg MPA; P<0.05). Adverse events declined in frequency over time with all regimens but throughout the study were more numerous with the highest-dose regimen than with lower doses ( P= 0.0002). Conclusions. Continuous combined HRT was effective for the relief of climacteric symptoms in early postmenopausal women and was well tolerated.
Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy relieves climacteric symptoms and improves health-related quality of life in early postmenopausal women
Authors: Pitkin Joan , Smetnik Vera Petrovna , Vadász Péter , Mustonen Mika , Salminen Kaisa , Ylikangas Stiina ,   The Indivina 321 Study Group
Published: August 2007

Objective. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) relieves menopausal symptoms but its effect on health related quality of life (HRQoL) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three dose regimens of continuous combined HRT, consisting of estradiol valerate (E2V) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on HRQoL in early postmenopausal women (last menstrual period 1–3 years before study entry). Study design. This was a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multinational study comparing E2V (1 mg or 2 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg or 5 mg) in different dose combinations. The intention-to-treat population comprised 459 women (average age 51.5 years). Main outcome measures. HRQoL was assessed by the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), the 15D Questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results. There were improvements on eight of the nine domains of the WHQ with all dose regimens during the first 12 weeks ( P<0.0001) and an improvement in the remaining domain (menstrual symptoms) with the lower-dose regimens ( P<0.05). These initial improvements in HRQoL were then maintained or augmented over the remainder of the study ( P<0.0001 for change from baseline at 52 weeks for all domains and dose regimens). Mean 15D total score had improved meaningfully and significantly by 12 weeks ( P<0.0001 versus baseline) in all treatment groups and this improvement was maintained thereafter. This improvement in 15D total score was most marked among previous non-users of HRT ( P<0.05 versus previous users). VAS scores recorded significant ( P<0.05) reductions in hot flushes, sweating and sleep disturbances in all groups after week 1 and highly significant ( P<0.0001) relief of all climacteric symptoms at week 52. Conclusion. Continuous combined HRT was associated with pronounced improvement of vasomotor symptoms and HRQoL in this population of early postmenopausal women.
Risk factors for clinical fractures among postmenopausal women: a 10-year prospective study
Authors: van Geel Tineke A C M , Geusens Piet P , Nagtzaam Ivo F , van der Voort Danny J M , Schreurs Cyril M J R , Rinkens Paula E L M , Dinant Geert-Jan 
Published: August 2007

Objective. Only scarce data are available on the long-term absolute risk (AR) of all clinical fractures, taking into account the time when they occurred. Therefore, we assessed during a 10-year follow-up the risk factors associated with the occurrence of any first or second clinical fracture. Study design. This was a population-based study in 10 general practice centres. The sample comprised 2372 postmenopausal women, aged between 50 and 80 years at baseline, who completed a questionnaire about the incidence of radiographically confirmed fractures and fracture risks, analysed by multiple Cox regression. Main outcome measure. AR for any clinical fracture. Results. During the 10-year follow-up, 380 women (16%) had a fracture. A first fracture occurred in 267 women (11%). Osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (T-score <−2.5; hazard ratio (HR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–2.3) and age over 60 years (HR1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8) were the only risk factors retained in the Cox analysis. The AR in the lowest-risk group was 10%, and it was 23% in the highest-risk group. A second fracture occurred in 113 women during follow-up (5%). The time when a fracture occurred was the only risk factor retained in the Cox analysis. The AR for a second fracture was 41% in the five years after any first fracture before baseline and 25% if the first fracture had occurred earlier (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.7). Conclusion. In postmenopausal women, over a 10-year follow-up, the AR of a second clinical fracture is highest in the five years after any first clinical fracture. The AR for a first clinical fracture is lower and depends on osteoporosis and age.
Detection of Amplifiable mRNA Extracellular to Insulin-Producing Cells: Potential for Predicting Beta Cell Mass and Function
Authors: Rani Sweta , Clynes Martin , O’Driscoll Lorraine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground: Detecting extracellular nucleic acids in the serum/plasma of cancer patients may help in cancer diagnosis. We investigated whether extracellular mRNAs are reproducibly detectable in conditioned medium (CM) from insulin-producing cell cultures and if their presence and amounts are indicative of cell number and/or function.Methods: We isolated mRNA from medium conditioned by the culture of several insulin-producing cell types: MIN6(L) (glucose-responsive), MIN6(H) (glucose-nonresponsive), and MIN6 B1 murine beta cells and monkey kidney fibroblast cells engineered to produce human preproinsulin (PPI) (Vero-PPI). We used reverse transcription–PCR analyses to evaluate the occurrence of several mRNAs and investigated whether the presence and amounts of the various extracellular mRNAs are associated with cell mass and/or function.Results: Reproducible amplification of mRNAs encoded by Pdx1, Npy, Egr1, Pld1, Chgb, Ins1, Ins2, and Actb from MIN6(L), MIN6(H), and MIN6 B1 cells and their CM suggests that beta cells transcribe and release these mRNAs into their culture environment. Similarly, PPI mRNA was detected in samples of Vero-PPI cells and CM. The amounts of some mRNAs reflected the numbers and functional status (i.e., glucose responsiveness vs nonresponsiveness) of the cells conditioning the medium. Although Pax4 mRNA was detected in the MIN6 B1 cell line, the fact that this transcript was not amplifiable from the corresponding CM suggested that mRNA release was selective.Conclusion: mRNAs may be secreted from insulin-producing cells, are reproducibly detected in the extracellular environment, and may have potential as extracellular biomarkers for assessing beta cell mass and function.
(Re)Visionen. Übersetzende als AutorInnen von Intertexten
Authors: Kalt Daniel 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Introducing the translator's name into literature as a trustworthy “label” would make translators more visible, recognize their independent contribution, and would also increase the overall (economic & symbolic) capital of what Bourdieu calls the literary field. A translated text is an intertext of the original in a foreign language. If, as in Borges's “Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote,” the text rewritten exactly in the same language is “infinitely richer” than the original, then a translation into a foreign language is also richer, for it is enriched by the new cultural context and the time elapsed since the writing of the original. Following Harold Bloom and Walter Benjamin one could argue that a translation works towards the completion of the original. The contributions of translators should be valued as highly as those of authors.
Überschwang durch Überschuss. Probleme beim Übersetzen einer Form – am Beispiel des Haiku. Eine theoretische Überlegung und ein praktischer Vorschlag
Authors: Takeda Arata 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Haiku is the shortest literary form in world literature. In the Western tradition, translating or adapting the Japanese haiku have not yet led, however, to fully satisfactory results. We need to examine the specific features of the Japanese haiku and the Japanese language in order to reconsider how the formal peculiarity of the haiku can be rendered by means of the European syllabic, metric, and typographic systems. New standards are proposed for composing haikus and translating them into the European languages.
“Die Tüpfelung, die unausschöpfliche, die man dem Beiwerk zuschreibt.” Die Aussage der punktierten Linie bei Paul Celan und Jean Daive
Authors: Amthor Wiebke 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
An ellipsis in Paul Celan's translation of Jean Daive's “Décimale blanche” leads, with the help of Foucault's concept of discourse, to a study of the relationship between poetry, statement, ellipsis, and response in this poem. What is Celan's motive for using “Wort” when Daive writes “nom”? Dotted lines and ellipses become discursive means both in Celan's translation and in his own work, to generate unstable relations between things, images, and language. Celan's poem “Muta” shows how dotted lines can turn language into a visual as well as a musical figure.
L'allégorie et l'ironie imitatives et productives dans la littérature médiévale
Authors: Žakelj Špela 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The concepts of allegory and irony had originally a philosophical and theological rather than literary meaning. To understand how these two concepts were transferred from Antiquity to the Middle Ages, we have to consider the notion of translatio studii. The most important channels through which knowledge of classical concepts was disseminated in the Middle Ages were texts of the classical rhetorical tradition, derivative compilations of early medieval authorities, oral instruction provided by the monastic schools and rhetorical manuals composed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Translation studies ensured that medieval theory and literature adopted classical philosophy and rhetoric, classical hermeneutics combined with Christian theology. The concept of allegory relied, at least in medieval secular literature, more strongly on the classical sources than the concept of irony, which had freed itself from ancient concepts. Medieval literature is saturated with allegories, but its definitions are usually associated with narratives, whereas medieval irony distinguishes itself as a specific mode of thought.
All Bad. The Biblical Flood Revisited in Modern Fiction
Authors: Tumanov Vladimir 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Modern retellings of the Flood pericope (Genesis 6–8) depend on the age of the targeted audience. Writing for adults, Wolfdietrich Schnurre, Brigitte Schär, Timothy Findley, and Anne Provoost ask whether universal annihilation can be justified. Their criticism of the divine notion that evil is universal and indiscriminate collective punishment is therefore justified, reveal values that are incompatible with those informing the original biblical narrative. However much modernity is aware that myths are symbolic, it apparently cannot assimilate their ethics without a critical reassessment. In this, modern writers rely on the realistic premises of modern novelistic narration. In contrast, modern retellings of the Flood story for children appear to be far more prepared to accept the ancient value system underlying the biblical narrative. Books for younger audiences seem to be much more comfortable with the notion of generalized evil and global punishment than works for adults. This becomes particularly striking in a number of picture books about Noah's ark. The narrative stance of writers ultimately depends on the way they perceive adulthood and childhood.
W.G. Sebalds laufende Bilder. Der Film und die Worte
Authors: Bonn Klaus 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
While research on Sebald's work has covered the intermedial relations in his writing between writing and ‘motionless’ pictures (photographs as well as paintings), the influence of film upon the realization of his texts has been neglected. How do filmic notions figure in Sebald's major novel “Austerlitz” and the stories “The Emigrants” and “Vertigo”? Sebald's review of Hanns Zischler's documentation on Kafka going to the movies may serve as a starting-point. Of special interest are documentary works that relate to Sebald's absorbing search for historical truth. He was also interested in feature films made by famous German directors, such as Fritz Lang and Werner Herzog.
Methodological approaches to studying immigrant communities: Why flexibility is important
Authors: Ogan Christine 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Since 9/11 it has become increasingly difficult to conduct primary research with Muslim migrant communities in Europe. In addition to the usual problems such as locating Muslim respondents that cross major demographic categories and preparing questions that are culturally and linguistically appropriate, the tensions between Muslims and non-Muslims that have followed violent incidents in Europe and North America have increased the likelihood of misunderstanding in the interview environment. This article addresses the management of methodological issues through examples taken from field work that took place among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands in 2006.
Effect of Material Parameters on Color of Cementitious Pastes
Authors: Woods Amy Lamb , Lee Jae-Yong , Struble Leslie J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
When matching in-situ concrete, such as for repairing or rehabilitating a structure, consideration must be given to its color. Matching the color can often be difficult and subjective. The aim of this study was to focus on the cement paste color component of concrete by performing laboratory experiments on hydrated paste samples to determine how various parameters affect the color. The two main categories investigated were: (1) materials and proportions, and (2) curing conditions. The lightness, hue, and saturation color values were measured using a colorimeter that gave L*a*b* numerical values. Cement powder color had the greatest effect on cement paste color. Other parameters that greatly affected the paste color were water-cement ratio, mineral admixtures, and hydration age for young pastes (less than 14 days). Parameters that showed very little effect were chemical admixtures and entrained air.
Status on Development of Code Requirements for Exterior Stone Cladding
Authors: Lewis Michael D. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Existing building codes legislated to set minimum standards for construction state dangerously little about stone used to clad buildings. Without standards, failures have proliferated from the use of new materials in unproven applications and familiar materials in new systems. In response, the American National Standards Institute called upon the industry to develop standards that could be adopted into code. Past reliance on judgment without adequate experience must be replaced by uniform standards that include fundamental principles for the design and installation of contemporary systems to protect the public. To improve responsible use of stone as cladding, building codes must address differences from other veneers. Masonry veneers are more homogenous in production, erection, and behavior than stone, yet stone is presently governed by the same provisions of the building code. The in-progress Code Requirements will include parts of the present ASTM C1242 Standard Guide for Design and ASTM C1528 Standard Guide for Selection. The contents will address minimum material properties by stone type, engineering evaluation, attachment types, safety factors, joint design, and weather barrier integration. This is the status of the document’s development, which upon completion, is intended to be incorporated into the building code. ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone has compiled the industry practice on behalf of producers, engineers, architects, contractors, and owners for over 80 years. While its standard test methods, material specifications, and guides are invoked by many projects’ construction documents, the documented knowledge is not currently incorporated into any of the model building codes, including the International Building Code. To develop the new standard Code Requirements for ANSI, professionals representing all interests of the stone building process are compiling the fundamental aspects of recommended stone cladding practice that should be mandatory.
LOX Compatible Toughened Bismaleimide Matrix Thermally Conductive Fiber Composites Part II: ASTM D2512 Specimen Fabrication, Cleaning And Testing
Authors: Gerzeski Roger 
Published: August 2007

AbstractComposites of 61.5 to 63.7 % Vf were fabricated out of baseline T650-35-UC309 and the thermally conductive YSH50A and YSH60A fibers using the toughened Bismaleimide 5250-4 RTM matrix resin. ASTM D2512-95 (2002)e1 (D2512) specimens were fabricated from these composites and the toughened Bismaleimide neat resin. D2512 mechanical impact tests conducted at 72 ft∙lbs (98 J) on six sets of specimens indicated that both thermally conductive fibers repeatedly improved the D2512 liquid oxygen (LOX) compatibility of their composites by 1700+ % over the baseline fiber composite’s. This improvement occurred regardless of the thickness of the tested thermally conductive fibered composite specimens or type of thermally conductive fiber used. Only flash type reactions were detected for the thermally conductive specimens, whereas, flash, char and noise type reactions were detected for the baseline fiber composite specimens. The 100 % D2512 ignition rate exhibited by the neat resin specimens implies that the D2512 LOX compatibility improvement exhibited by the thermally conductive fiber composite’s over the baseline fiber composites is directly attributable to the use of these thermally conductive fibers.
Integrins Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Authors: Hayashi Yohei , Furue Miho Kusuda , Okamoto Tetsuji , Ohnuma Kiyoshi , Myoishi Yasufumi , Fukuhara Yasuaki , Abe Takanori , Sato J. Denry , Hata Ryu-Ichiro , Asashima Makoto 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) components regulate stem-cell behavior, although the exact effects elicited in embryonic stem (ES) cells are poorly understood. We previously developed a simple, defined, serum-free culture medium that contains leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) for propagating pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells in the absence of feeder cells. In this study, we determined the effects of ECM components as culture substrata on mES cell self-renewal in this culture medium, comparing conventional culture conditions that contain serum and LIF with gelatin as a culture substratum. mES cells remained undifferentiated when cultured on type I and type IV collagen or poly-d-lysine. However, they differentiated when cultured on laminin or fibronectin as indicated by altered morphologies, the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased, Fgf5 expression increased, and Nanog and stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 expression decreased. Under these conditions, the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), which maintain cell self-renewal, decreased. In contrast, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity, which negatively controls cell self-renewal, increased. In the defined conditions, mES cells did not express collagen-binding integrin subunits, but they expressed laminin- and fibronectin-binding integrin subunits. The expression of some collagen-binding integrin subunits was downregulated in an LIF concentration-dependent manner. Blocking the interactions between ECM and integrins inhibited this differentiation. Conversely, the stimulation of ECM-integrin interactions by overexpressing collagen-binding integrin subunits induced differentiation of mES cells cultured on type I collagen. The results of the study indicated that inactivation of the integrin signaling is crucial in promoting mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Transcriptional Analysis of Quiescent and Proliferating CD34+ Human Hemopoietic Cells from Normal and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Sources
Authors: Graham Susan M. , Vass J. Keith , Holyoake Tessa L. , Graham Gerard J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Quiescent and dividing hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) display marked differences in their ability to move between the peripheral circulation and the bone marrow. Specifically, long-term engraftment potential predominantly resides in the quiescent HSC subfraction, and G-CSF mobilization results in the preferential accumulation of quiescent HSC in the periphery. In contrast, stem cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients display a constitutive presence in the circulation. To understand the molecular basis for this, we have used microarray technology to analyze the transcriptional differences between dividing and quiescent, normal, and CML-derived CD34+ cells. Our data show a remarkable transcriptional similarity between normal and CML dividing cells, suggesting that the effects of BCR-ABL on the CD34+ cell transcriptome are more limited than previously thought. In addition, we show that quiescent CML cells are more similar to their dividing counterparts than quiescent normal cells are to theirs. We also show these transcriptional differences to be reflected in the altered proliferative activity of normal and CML CD34+ cells. Of the most interest is that the major class of genes that is more abundant in the quiescent cells compared with the dividing cells encodes members of the chemokine family. We propose a role for chemokines expressed by quiescent HSC in the orchestration of CD34+ cell mobilization.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.