bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-ganglioside antibody-induced tumor cell death by loss of membrane integrity
Authors: Roque-Navarro Lourdes , Chakrabandhu Krittalak , de León Joel , Rodríguez Sandra , Toledo Carlos , Carr Adriana , de Acosta Cristina Mateo , Hueber Anne-Odile , Pérez Rolando 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGangliosides have been involved in multiple cellular processes such as growth, differentiation and adhesion, and more recently as regulators of cell death signaling pathways. Some of these molecules can be considered as tumor-associated antigens, in particular, N-glycolyl sialic acid–containing gangliosides, which are promising candidates for cancer-targeted therapy because of their low expression in normal human tissues. In this study, we provided the molecular and cellular characterization of a novel cell death mechanism induced by the anti-NGcGM3 14F7 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in L1210 murine tumor cell line but not in mouse normal cells (B and CD4+ T lymphocytes) that expressed the antigen. Impairment of ganglioside synthesis in tumor cells abrogated the 14F7 mAb cytotoxic effect; however, exogenous reincorporation of the ganglioside did not restore tumor cell sensitivity to 14F7 mAb-induced cytotoxicity. 14F7 F(ab′)2 but not Fab fragments retained the cytotoxic capacity of the whole mAb. By contrary, other mAb, which recognizes N-glycolylated gangliosides, did not show any cytotoxic effect. These mAbs showed quite different capacities to bind NGcGM3-positive cell lines measured by binding inhibition experiments. Interestingly, this complement-independent cell death mechanism did not resemble apoptosis, because no DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, or Fas mediation were observed. However, NGcGM3 ganglioside-mediated 14F7 mAb-induced cell death was accompanied by cellular swelling, membrane lesion formation, and cytoskeleton activation, suggesting an oncosis-like phenomenon. This novel mechanism of cell death lets us to support further therapeutic approaches using NGcGM3 as a molecular target for antibody-based cancer immunotherapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):2033–41]
Chemoprevention by perillyl alcohol coupled with viral gene therapy reduces pancreatic cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Lebedeva Irina V. , Su Zhao-zhong , Vozhilla Nichollaq , Chatman Lejuan , Sarkar Devanand , Dent Paul , Athar Mohammad , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest of cancers. Even with aggressive therapy, the 5-year survival rate is &lt;5%, mandating development of more effective treatments. Melanoma differentiation–associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) shows potent antitumor activity against most cancers displaying safety with significant clinical efficacy. However, pancreatic cancer cells display inherent resistance to mda-7/IL-24 that is the result of a “protein translational block” of mda-7/IL-24 mRNA in these tumor cells. We now show that a dietary supplement perillyl alcohol (POH) has significant chemopreventive effects for pancreatic cancer and, when coupled with adenovirus-mediated mda-7/IL-24 gene therapy (Ad.mda-7), effectively eliminates s.c. and i.p. xenografts of human pancreatic cancer cells in nude mice, promoting enhanced survival. The combination of POH and Ad.mda-7 efficiently abrogates the mda-7/IL-24 protein translational block, resulting in MDA-7/IL-24 protein production and growth suppression. Of direct translational relevance, clinically achievable concentrations of POH with Ad.mda-7, both of which have been found safe and without toxic effects in human trials, were used. This novel and innovative approach combining a dietary agent and a virally delivered therapeutic cytokine provides a means of both preventing and treating human pancreatic cancer with significant clinical translational potential. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):2042–50]
Genes Involved in Differentiation, Stem Cell Renewal, and Tumorigenesis Are Modulated in Telomerase-Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells
Authors: Chapman Emma J. , Kelly Gavin , Knowles Margaret A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe expression of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, immortalizes normal human urothelial cells (NHUC). Expression of a modified hTERT, without the ability to act in telomere maintenance, did not immortalize NHUC, confirming that effects at telomeres are required for urothelial immortalization. Previous studies indicate that inhibition of telomerase has an immediate effect on urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell line viability, before sufficient divisions to account for telomere attrition, implicating non–telomere effects of telomerase in UC. We analyzed the effects of telomerase on gene expression in isogenic mortal and hTERT-transduced NHUC. hTERT expression led to consistent alterations in the expression of genes predicted to be of phenotypic significance in tumorigenesis. A subset of expression changes were detected soon after transduction with hTERT and persisted with continued culture. These genes (NME5, PSCA, TSPYL5, LY75, IGFBP2, IGF2, CEACAM6, XG, NOX5, KAL1, and HPGD) include eight previously identified as polycomb group targets. TERT-NHUC showed overexpression of the polycomb repressor complex (PRC1 and PRC4) components, BMI1 and SIRT1, and down-regulation of multiple PRC targets and genes associated with differentiation. TERT-NHUC at 100 population doublings, but not soon after transduction, showed increased saturation density and an attenuated differentiation response, indicating that these are not acute effects of telomerase expression. Some of the changes in gene expression identified may contribute to tumorigenesis. Expression of NME5 and NDN was down-regulated in UC cell lines and tumors. Our data supports the concept of both telomere-based and non–telomere effects of telomerase and provides further rationale for the use of telomerase inhibitors in UC. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1154–68)
Frequency and Timing of Loss of Imprinting at 11p13 and 11p15 in Wilms' Tumor Development
Authors: Brown Keith W. , Power Frances , Moore Beth , Charles Adrian K. , Malik Karim T.A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Epigenetic changes occur frequently in Wilms' tumor (WT), especially loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2/H19 at 11p15. Our previous results have identified imprinted transcripts (WT1-AS and AWT1) from the WT1 locus at 11p13 and showed LOI of these in some WTs. In this article, we set out to test the relationship between LOI at 11p13 and 11p15 and their timing in WT progression relative to other genetic changes. We found a higher level (83%) of 11p13 LOI in WT than of 11p15 LOI (71%). There was no correlation between methylation levels at the 11p13 and 11p15 differentially methylated regions or between allelic expression of WT1-AS/AWT1 and IGF2. Interestingly, retention of normal imprinting at 11p13 was associated with a small group of relatively late-onset, high-stage WTs. An examination of genetic and epigenetic alterations in nephrogenic rests, which are premalignant WT precursors, showed that LOI at both 11p13 and 11p15 occurred before either 16q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or 7p LOH. This suggests that these LOH events are very unlikely to be a cause of LOI but that LOH may act by potentiating the effects of overexpression of IGF2 and/or WT1-AS/AWT1 that result from LOI. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1114–23)
Increased Rac1b Expression Sustains Colorectal Tumor Cell Survival
Authors: Matos Paulo , Jordan Peter 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 can stimulate various signaling pathways that contribute to cell transformation. In particular, the activation of the NFκB transcription factor initiates an antiapoptotic response and promotes cell cycle progression through increased cyclin D1 expression. As a potential oncogenic mechanism to up-regulate this pathway, the overexpression of the Rac1b splicing variant was reported in some colorectal tumors. Rac1b exists predominantly in the active GTP-bound state and selectively promotes the pathway leading to NFκB activation. Here, we studied the role of endogenous Rac1b in colorectal cancer cells. We found that depletion of Rac1b by small interfering RNAs inhibited endogenous NFκB activation and reduced cell viability to 50% within 48 hours. This reduction was due to increased apoptosis, although a reduced G1-S progression rate was also observed. These data show, for the first time, that colorectal cells expressing alternative spliced Rac1b also depend on Rac1b signaling to sustain their survival. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1178–84)
A Role for Fibroblasts in Mediating the Effects of Tobacco-Induced Epithelial Cell Growth and Invasion
Authors: Coppe Jean-Philippe , Boysen Megan , Sun Chung Ho , Wong Brian J.F. , Kang Mo K. , Park No-Hee , Desprez Pierre-Yves , Campisi Judith , Krtolica Ana 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Cigarette smoke and smokeless tobacco extracts contain multiple carcinogenic compounds, but little is known about the mechanisms by which tumors develop and progress upon chronic exposure to carcinogens such as those present in tobacco products. Here, we examine the effects of smokeless tobacco extracts on human oral fibroblasts. We show that smokeless tobacco extracts elevated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen, oxidative DNA damage, and DNA double-strand breaks in a dose-dependent manner. Extended exposure to extracts induced fibroblasts to undergo a senescence-like growth arrest, with striking accompanying changes in the secretory phenotype. Using cocultures of smokeless tobacco extracts–exposed fibroblasts and immortalized but nontumorigenic keratinocytes, we further show that factors secreted by extracts-modified fibroblasts increase the proliferation and invasiveness of partially transformed epithelial cells, but not their normal counterparts. In addition, smokeless tobacco extracts–exposed fibroblasts caused partially transformed keratinocytes to lose the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, as well as involucrin, changes that are indicative of compromised epithelial function and commonly associated with malignant progression. Together, our results suggest that fibroblasts may contribute to tumorigenesis indirectly by increasing epithelial cell aggressiveness. Thus, tobacco may not only initiate mutagenic changes in epithelial cells but also promote the growth and invasion of mutant cells by creating a procarcinogenic stromal environment. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1085–98)
WT1 Induction of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 3 Represents a Novel Mechanism of Growth Suppression
Authors: Morrison Debra J. , Kim Marianne K.H. , Berkofsky-Fessler Windy , Licht Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
In its role as a tumor suppressor, WT1 transactivates several genes that are regulators of cell growth and differentiation pathways. For instance, WT1 induces the expression of the cell cycle regulator p21, the growth-regulating glycoprotein amphiregulin, the proapoptotic gene Bak, and the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor Sprouty1. Here, we show that WT1 transactivates another important negative regulator of the Ras/MAPK pathway, MAPK phosphatase 3 (MKP3). In a WT1-inducible cell line that exhibits decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis on expression of WT1, microarray analysis showed that MKP3 is the most highly induced gene. This was confirmed by real-time PCR where MKP3 and other members of the fibroblast growth factor 8 syn expression group, which includes Sprouty 1 and the Ets family of transcription factors, were induced rapidly following WT1 expression. WT1 induction was associated with a block in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation, an effect mediated by MKP3. In the presence of a dominant-negative MKP3, WT1 could no longer block phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Lastly, when MKP3 expression is down-regulated by short hairpin RNA, WT1 is less able to block Ras-mediated transformation of 3T3 cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1225–31)
A New Bulk Shallow-Cumulus Model and Implications for Penetrative Entrainment Feedback on Updraft Buoyancy
Authors: Bretherton Christopher S. , Park Sungsu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new refinement of Albrecht et al.’s bulk model for shallow-cumulus convection is presented. It is used to illuminate fundamental aspects of oceanic shallow-cumulus boundary layer structure, including updraft buoyancy and vertical velocity scales, cumulus mass flux, temperature and humidity profiles, and trade-inversion height.The new model, like Albrecht et al.’s, includes a subcloud mixed layer and a cumulus layer with linear gradients of conserved thermodynamic variables, topped by a sharp capping inversion. Albrecht et al.’s model was not mathematically well posed, leading to an inconsistency between its heat and moisture balances at the inversion base. The new bulk model resolves this problem by diagnosing, rather than prognosing, the cumulus-layer gradients and introducing a penetrative entrainment closure to determine the growth of the cumulus layer into the overlying free troposphere. It uses more realistic assumptions about lateral cumulus entrainment and detrainment and a simplified sub-cloud-layer entrainment closure. When applied to a Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) trade-cumulus case, the steady state and the transient response of the bulk model to a sudden increase in sea surface temperature both compare favorably to a large-eddy simulation (LES).The new closure shows that penetrative entrainment constantly adjusts the cumulus-layer temperature and moisture profiles to keep the updraft buoyancy and vertical velocity small in inverse proportion to a penetrative entrainment efficiency A, estimated to be 5 from LES. Energy-balance arguments provide a skillful prediction of the steady-state bulk-model trade-inversion height. They also show that penetrative entrainment is driven by destabilization of the cumulus layer by radiative cooling and Lagrangian surface temperature increases.
Stratified Turbulence: A Possible Interpretation of Some Geophysical Turbulence Measurements
Authors: Riley James J. , Lindborg Erik 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Several existing sets of smaller-scale ocean and atmospheric data appear to display Kolmogorov–Obukov–Corrsin inertial ranges in horizontal spectra for length scales up to at least a few hundred meters. It is argued here that these data are inconsistent with the assumptions for these inertial range theories. Instead, it is hypothesized that the dynamics of stratified turbulence explain these data. If valid, these dynamics may also explain the behavior of strongly stratified flows in similar dynamic ranges of other geophysical flows.
A Bulk Parameterization of Giant CCN
Authors: Mechem David B. , Kogan Yefim L. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
A parameterization for giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), suitable for use in bulk microphysical models, has been developed that uses precise representations of the condensational growth of aerosol particles in the subcloud layer. The formulation employs an observationally based GCCN distribution function and directly observable parameters of GCCN, such as concentration and the shape of the aerosol spectra. The parameterization couples naturally to parameterizations of sea salt flux from the ocean surface. The behavior of the GCCN parameterization in a large eddy simulation (LES) framework is consistent with simulations employing explicit, size-resolving microphysical methods. The parameterization properly represents the sensitivity of cloud, drizzle, turbulence, and radiative properties to changes in GCCN concentration for polluted and clean background CCN environments.
Wind–Evaporation Feedback and Abrupt Seasonal Transitions of Weak, Axisymmetric Hadley Circulations
Authors: Boos William R. , Emanuel Kerry A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
For an imposed thermal forcing localized off the equator, it is known that conservation of absolute angular momentum in axisymmetric flow produces a nonlinear response once the forcing exceeds a critical amplitude. It is shown here that, for a moist atmosphere in convective quasi-equilibrium, the combination of wind-dependent ocean surface enthalpy fluxes and zonal momentum advection can provide a separate feedback that causes the meridional flow to evolve nonlinearly as a function of a sea surface temperature (SST) forcing, even if an angular momentum–conserving response is not achieved. This wind–evaporation feedback is examined in both an axisymmetric primitive equation model and a simple model that retains only a barotropic and single baroclinic mode. Only SST forcings that do not produce an angular momentum–conserving response are examined here. The wind–evaporation feedback is found to be inhibited in models with linear dynamics because the barotropic component of the Hadley circulation, which is coupled to the baroclinic circulation via surface drag, keeps surface winds small compared to upper-level winds. In models with nonlinear dynamics, the convergence of zonal momentum into the ascending branch of the cross-equatorial Hadley cell can create barotropic westerlies that constructively add to the baroclinic wind at the surface, thereby eliminating the inhibition of the wind–evaporation feedback. The possible relevance of these results to the onset of monsoons is discussed.
An Alternative Method to Fabricate Metal Nanohole Arrays
Authors: Chen Shuoshuo , Ling Zhiyuan , Li Yi , Wang Jinchi 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
A new replication method was developed to produce metal nanohole arrays with highly ordered honeycomb-like structure. In this process, porous anodic alumina was used as template; hot-press and electroless plating techniques were introduced to fabricate polycarbonate nanopillar arrays and Ni metal nanohole arrays, separately. With this method, metal nanohole arrays with precise replication of the porous anodic alumina can be fabricated on a large scale simply and rapidly.
Water-soluble Porphyrin Easily Derived from Tetraphenylporphyrin: Alkyloxo(methoxo)porphyrinatoantimony Bromides
Authors: Matsumoto Jin , Shiragami Tsutomu , Yasuda Masahide 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
In order to develop water-soluble porphyrins, alkyloxo(methoxo)porphyrinatoantimony bromides (alkyl = decyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl) were prepared. These complexes have more than 200 mg/100 g of solubility in aqueous solution. From the analysis of absorption spectra and surface tension, it was elucidated that the porphyrin complexes are present as aggregates in aqueous solution.
Ceramium periconicum sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta): a new subtidal species from Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Cho Tae Oh , Riosmena-Rodriguez Rafael 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Ceramium periconicum sp. nov. is described from Baja California Sur, Mexico based on the developmental morphology of vegetative and reproductive plants. The new species is characterized by 4–5 periaxial cells, three cortical initials per periaxial cell (a third of which are produced by vertical division and situated between adjacent periaxial cells), absence of basipetal cortical filaments, and by projecting tetrahedral tetrasporangia in seriate series in an abaxial row. Thalli are less than 3 mm tall and occur in dense tufts. C. periconicum differs from most incompletely corticated Ceramium species in that each periaxial cell divides to produce three cortical initials. Within the genus, three cortical initials per periaxial cell have been reported in C. codii and C. reptans. C. periconicum differs from these species in that two cortical initials are directed acropetally and the third is directed laterally, having been cut off vertically from the periaxial cell and maturing without further divisions between the two adjacent periaxial cells. C. periconicum is also distinguishable from other Ceramium species, such as C. australe, C. clarionense, C. macilentum, C. shepherdii, C. caudatum, C. mazatlanense, and C. personatum by the absence of basipetal cortical filaments and by the sequential production of tetrasporangia from the abaxial sides of fertile axes.
Structural characterization of milled wood lignins from different eucalypt species
Authors: Rencoret Jorge , Marques Gisela , Gutiérrez Ana , Ibarra David , Li Jiebing , Gellerstedt Göran , Santos J. Ignacio , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús , Martínez Ángel T. , del Río José C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe chemical structure of milled-wood lignins fromEucalyptus globulus,E. nitens,E. maidenii,E. grandis, andE. dunniiwas investigated. The lignins were characterized by analytical pyrolysis, thioacidolysis, and 2D-NMR that confirmed the predominance of syringyl over guaiacyl units and only showed traces ofp-hydroxyphenyl units.E. globuluslignin had the highest syringyl content. The heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR spectra yielded information about relative abundances of inter-unit linkages in the whole polymer. All the lignins showed a predominance of β-O-4′ ether linkages (66–72% of total side-chains), followed by β-β′ resinol-type linkages (16–19%) and lower amounts of β-5′ phenylcoumaran-type (3–7%) and β-1′ spirodienone-type linkages (1–4%). The analysis of desulfurated thioacidolysis dimers provided additional information on the relative abundances of the various carbon-carbon and diaryl ether bonds, and the type of units (syringyl or guaiacyl) involved in each of the above linkage types. Interestingly, 93–94% of the total β-β′ dimers included two syringyl units indicating that most of the β-β′ substructures identified in the HSQC spectra were of the syringaresinol type. Moreover, three isomers of a major trimeric compound were found which were tentatively identified as arising from a β-β′ syringaresinol substructure attached to a guaiacyl unit through a 4-O-5′ linkage.
Latitudinal Influence on First-Year Growth and Survival of Largemouth Bass
Authors: Slaughter Joe E. , Wright Russell A. , DeVries Dennis R. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We examined the effects of latitude of origin on the first-year growth and survival of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We brought largemouth bass from three latitudinally disparate populations (northern largemouth bass M. s. salmoides from south-central Wisconsin; Florida largemouth bass M. s. floridanus, originally from central Florida but currently stocked throughout Alabama; and native northern largemouth bass from southern Alabama) to a common rearing environment to compare their age-0 growth over two replicate growing seasons. During 1999, the northern subspecies from Wisconsin grew faster than the northern or Florida subspecies from Alabama. However, in 2000 the Florida subspecies grew faster than the age-0 fish from either northern subspecies population. Our results indicate that the effects of prey availability and age-0 density can overwhelm any predisposition for growth based on latitudinal or genetic origin. Given concerns about the genetic consequences of largemouth bass stockings, the lack of any consistent growth advantage in the first year represents an important piece of information to be taken into account when deciding about stocking nonnative subspecies of largemouth bass.