bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of treatment of conjunctival melanoma in 61 consecutive patients
Authors: POGRZEBIELSKI A , BOGDALI A , NAPORA‐KRAWIEC A , ROMANOWSKA‐DIXON B 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Analysis of patients with conjunctival melanoma. Methods Retrospective analysis of 61 consecutive patients with histopathologic diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma treated between 1991‐2007 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology of Jagiellonian University in Krakow. There were 30 (49.2%) women and 31 (50.8%) men in mean age of 57.6 years (25‐89). Results The tumors involved in 29 cases right eye and in 32 cases left eye. 26 (42.6%) melanomas were located in temporal quadrant; 37 (60.6%) tumors involved limbus and 22 (36.1%) bulbar conjunctiva; in 2 (3.3%) patients tumors infiltrated tarsal conjunctiva. 53 tumors (86.9%) were pigmented, 5 (8.2%) ‐ amelanotic and 3 tumors (4.9%) ‐ mixed. In 59 (96.7%) patients the tumors were nodular and in 2 (3.3%) diffuse, superficial. In all cases surgical excision was performed and in 44 (73.13%) cases adjunctive Ru‐106 brachytherapy. In 20 (32.7%) cases recurrence of melanoma necessitating secondary treatment was observed. The mean time to recurrence was 24.65 months (2‐91). In 5 (8%) cases documented metastasis occurred. Among all patients 5 (8%) died because of metastatic disease, 3 because of other reasons. 6 cases were lost to follow‐up because they moved to other countries. Conclusion Conjunctival melanoma most commonly occurs in form of a melanocytic, nodular tumor localized in corneal limbus and bulbar conjunctiva. Local recurrence of the tumor may be expected despite the surgical excision combined with adjunctive therapies.
Genetic predisposition to uveal melanoma
Authors: DESJARDINS L , LUMBROSO LEROUIC L , LEVY C , STOPPA LYONNET DUE , PLANCHER C , ASSELAIN B , BUECHER B 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Uveal melanoma is a rare tumor with exceptional familial or bilateral cases. The possibility of genetic predisposition has been evoked. We have tried to identify patients with history compatible with genetic predisposition of uveal melanoma and to perform genetic testing. Methods Between 1994 and 2008 we have registered for all our uveal melanoma patients the history of personal and/or familial previous cancer. According to the antecedents, selected patients were seen for genetic counselling and were offered blood test. Results 1665 patients treated in our institution for uveal melanoma had registered personal and familial history of previous cancer. 152 patients had previous cancer: 35 breast cancers, 9 gynaecological cancers, 21 digestive cancers and 87 other locations. 34 of them had a cancer before the age of 50; 23 patients had a familial history of uveal melanoma; 39 patients had a familial history of cutaneous melanoma; 276 patients had a familial history of breast cancer; 40 patients had a familial history of pancreatic cancer; 822 patients had a familial history of other cancers. 143 patients had a genetic counselling, 81 patients had blood sampling and genetic testing was performed on BRCA1and or BRCA2 for 27 patients and p16‐CDK4 for 18 patients. All the results were negative. Conclusion Further studies should be performed to determine the genes possibly implied in a predisposition to uveal melanoma.
Surgical treatment of severe choroidal detachment after brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma
Authors: ANGI M , DAMATO BE 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Choroidal detachment is a rare but potentially serious complication of plaque radiotherapy of choroidal melanoma. We present a patient who was successfully treated by trans‐scleral drainage over the pars plana using an unconventional technique. Methods A 69‐year‐old man was referred to our service for an infero‐nasal, collar‐stud melanoma in the left eye. On ultrasonography, the tumour measured 14.1 x 11 mm, with a thickness of 5.8 mm. The patient was treated with a 20 mm ruthenium plaque. Two weeks after the plaque removal, the patient was referred back to our service with a painful eye and ocular hypotension. Ophthalmoscopy showed severe choroidal detachments. The patient was managed expectantly, but the pain became uncontrollable. The supra‐choroidal fluid was drained through a circumferential deep scleral incision over the pars plana and under a lamellar scleral flap hinged posteriorly. A high intraocular pressure was maintained with infusion, using a 6 mm cannula placed in an area between the choroidal detachments. The patient was on warfarin and this was not discontinued before the surgery. Results Postoperatively, the eye was comfortable, the intraocular pressure returned to normal and the choroidal detachments did not recur. Conclusion Our technique has several advantages over previously described methods. First, it avoids the risk of retinal tear, because of the pars plana location of the incision. Second, the scleral flap facilitates wound closure, also avoiding the risk of retinal prolapse. Third, it does not require the warfarin therapy to be stopped. We propose this technique as a relatively safe and effective treatment for severe, painful and persistent choroidal detachment after plaque radiotherapy of choroidal melanoma.
A clinical pathway for episcleral brachytherapy
Authors: DE FRUTOS‐BARAJA JM , DE LUIS‐PEREZ FJ , SAORNIL‐ALVAREZ MA , LOPEZ‐LARA‐MARTIN F , GIRALDO‐ARGÜELLO A , ESTEBAN‐CASADO R , CEBALLOS‐GARCIA MA , GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C , ANDRES‐RODRIGUEZ C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To develop the clinical pathway of episcleral brachytherapy as developed in our center. Methods 1 .‐ Recruitment multidisciplinary team 2 .‐ A critical review of clinical practice guidelines applicable 3 .‐ Combining the expertise of professionals with revisions to guidelines previously outlined and the rest of literature applicable 4 .‐ design of the clinical pathway and indicators for evaluation Results The clinical pathway designed consists of 3 tables: time from diagnosis until they have all the data for treatment, during treatment and variances on the pathway and the establishment of indicators to assess the degree of compliance with the pathway i. ‐ Number of patients included in the pathway in relation to that should have been included ii .‐ Number of patients with variances from the clinical pathway iii .‐ Total number of variances iv .‐ Survey of patients v. ‐ Survey of professionals Conclusion The establishment of the delimitation of functions through a clinical pathway has served the research team, who is also the team that develops clinical treatments in our center, to narrow the deadlines for action of each specialty and the order in which they must be made. The research team is inclined to clinical pathways of more immediate usefulness for clinical practice the existence of guides in the scientific literature. An improvement that could be done would be the computerization of the pathway. Acknowledgments: This work has been financed partly by a grant of the Junta de Castilla y León (Order SAN/1829/2007 of November 13, BOCYL of November 15, 2007)
Wavefront aberration measurements in dog and cat eyes using an aberrometer designed for human eyes
Authors: ROSOLEN SG , LAMORY B , CHATEAU N , PICAUD S , SAHEL JA , LE GARGASSON JF 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To measure the ocular optical aberrations in dog and cat using a wavefront aberrometer based on Hartmann‐Shack technology. Methods Data were obtained from eyes of two normal sedated dogs and one normal sedated cat in accordance to the ARVO statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and Vision research. Wavefront aberrations were measured using an irx3 aberrometer (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). Spherical defocus, astigmatism and Zernike coefficients up to the 8th order were analyzed. Results The optimal acquisition time was 10 ms for all animals. Refractive errors have been analyzed in a 6 mm pupil diameter in all cases. The refractive errors in dog #1, dog #2 and the cat were +2.9D(‐2.0D)111°;‐0.8D(‐0.8D)126° and +3.3D(‐2.1D)98°, respectively while their Root Mean Square (RMS) higher‐order aberrations amounted to 1.9, 1.1, and 2.1 µm RMS respectively. SD in sphere and cylinder was 1.0D in the cat and less than 0.5D in both dogs. SD in the higher‐order RMS was 0.8 µm in the cat and less than 0.5 µm in both dogs. Conclusion Ocular optical aberrations can be measured in sedated dog and cat using a Hartmann‐Shack aberrometer with reduced image acquisition time. The tested animals had relatively large higher‐order wavefront aberrations when compared with healthy human eyes. Measurement reproducibility was affected by tear layer effects. This variability could be further reduced using a larger sensor area, specific head contention device and artificial tears. The measured range of aberrations could be corrected using available adaptive optics technology in order to image retinal cells in living dogs and cats. Financial interest disclosure: B. Lamory and N. Chateau are employees of Imagine Eyes
Objective measurement of near and distance visions by optokinetic response determination
Authors: HAN ER , YEO WE , LEE JH 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of using optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) suppression and induction method as an objective measurement of visual acuity at near and distance. Methods Eighty‐three eyes of 83 patients were examined from December 2007 to February 2008. The visual stimuli were presented on a 17‐inch monitor screen located 40cm from subject for measuring visual acuity at near and on a 127‐inch projector screen located 3m for visual acuity at distance. Eye movement were recorded by infrared oculography and analyzed. The correlation between objective visual acuities at near and distance and subjective visual acuities at near and distance were evaluated. And the reproducibility of objective visual acuity measurement was also investigated. Results Linear regression identified that objective visual acuities measured by using OKN suppression and induction methods were found to be correlated with subjective visual acuities(r2; induction method at near: suppression method at near: induction method at distance: suppression method at distance = 0.641:0.685:0.566:0.724, P<.05). And the objective visual acuity measurement showed high reproducibility(intraclass correlation; induction method at near: suppression method at near: induction method at distance: suppression method at distance = 0.963:0.994:0.945:0.988, P<.05). The suppression method is useful in patient with visual acuities better than 20/120 while the induction method is useful in patient with visual acuities worse than 20/120. Conclusion The objective near and distance visual acuities measured by presenting optokinetic stimuli on 17‐inch monitor screen located 40cm from subject and on a 127‐inch projector screen located 3m were highly correlated with subjective near and distance visual acuities.
Effect of the interposition of optical filters with different visible light transmittances in mesopic and scotopic condition pupil size
Authors: SANCHEZ RAMOS C , VINAS PENA M , DIAZ SERRANO Y , TORETS C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To determine how can the pupil size, in mesopic and scotopic condition, be affected by the interposition of optical filters. Also, the variability of the effect of these optical filters due to each filter’s different visible light transmittance. Methods The transversal study included data from 56 eyes of 28 subjects. To measure the different pupil size, in high mesopic, low mesopic and scotopic condition, was used a digital binocular infrared pupillometer. The obtained pupil size’s measurements, without filter, were compared with the results after the insertion of the different optical filters used: 16 filters with different transmittances (from 82% to 5%). Results Some filters, 5 of the 16, with different transmittances, 63%, 17%, 8%, 6% and 5%, caused significant variations in the pupil size in mean mesopic condition. The 2 highest transmittance’s filters, 63% and 17%, between these 5 filters, which produced significant results (p<0.00, high mesopic condition, 4.0lux), were the ones that led a higgest pupil size variation, in the 3 different light conditions. Conclusion The influence of some optical filters in pupil size variation, was confirmed. This effect on pupil size was significant only in high mesopic condition, and it was independent of each filter’s different visible light transmittance.
A comparison of intermediate and near visual outcomes and reading ability in patients bilaterally implanted with bifocal ZM900, ReSTOR IOLs and with multifocal ReZoom IOLs
Authors: FANNI D , DI LAURO MT , RAVALICO G 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To compare intermediate and near distance visual outcome, reading performance, level of satisfaction and quality of vision at intermediate and near distance in patients bilaterally implanted with diffractive (AMO Tecnis ZM900 or Alcon ReSTOR) and refractive (AMO ReZoom) multifocal IOLs (MIOL). Methods This study enrolled 71 cataract patients, 26 of whom received ZM900 diffractive IOL bilaterally (Group A), 22 of whom received ReSTOR diffractive IOL bilaterally (Group B) and 23 of whom received ReZoom refractive IOL bilaterally (Group C). Best distance‐corrected intermediate and near visual acuity (BCDIVA ‐ BCDNVA), defocus curve, binocular vision, reading speed, contrast sensitivity and Visual Function‐7 (VF‐7) modified questionnaire scores for intermediate and near distance everyday activities were assessed a month after surgery. Inclusion criteria were: age range 50‐80 years, no concomitant ocular diseases and no intraoperative complicances. Results BCDIVA and BCDNVA were better in group A and B than in group C. Group A achieved better contrast sensitivity than group B and C. Reading speed and VF‐7 questionnaire scores were comparable in all groups. Conclusion Intermediate and near distance performances were acceptable in all groups but diffractive IOLs proved slight1y better than refractive IOLs at near distance. Particularly, diffractive ZM900 IOL obtained better resu1ts than the other lenses. In our opinion the modified prolate aspherical surface of this lens could explain this phenomenon.
10 years followup in children affected by various eye diseases: sensibility and specificity of VA, fundus and 30 Hz and mixed response electroretinogram done during anaesthesia as predictors of visual outcome
Authors: ANGELI R , PEZZOTTA S , BARILLA D , BERTONE C , ANTONINI M , FAZZI E , GUAGLIANO R , BIANCHI PE , TINELLI C , RUBERTO G 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to define the relationship between 30 herz and mixed maximal response electroretinogram, recorded under anaesthesia, and the visual outcome in subjects affected by various retinal and/or optic disk affections. Methods We present a review of 87 among 260 children examined under anaesthesia. All subjects(mean age 3,12)underwent ERG without adaptation, in a mid luminance, at 30 hertz and mixed maximal response. Results were matched with fundus findings and the visual acuities. Multiple statistical analysis comprehending student’s t test for independent samples was used for comparisons between groups. A P value of less than 0.05 was assumed to indicate statistical significance. Results Diagnosis linking fundus findings and ERG were: 7 Leber dystrophy, 12 ROP, 20 retinal dystrophy, 6 ny, 5 CVI, 2 Joubert syndrome, 1 Retinoblastoma, 5 ON coloboma, 1 Morning glory syndrome, 12 pale papilla, 2 congenital cataract associated with retinal anomalies, 14 not defined. Mean VA was 1,94 in right eye, 2,04 in the left. Significant correlations and “p” values were found between 30 hz amplitude, a and b amplitudes, b latency and visual acuities. ROC curves were statistically significant in latency and ampitudes in a and b waves. Conclusion Our work indicate a correlation between fundus findings, ERG and visual outcome. When we are unable to perform a correct diagnosis by visit and instrumental methods in awake conditions, a brief anaesthesia allow to obtain results otherwise arduous.
Retinal thickness vs. retinal sensitivity at the central human macula
Authors: BERNARDES R , CUNHA‐VAZ J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To assess the detailed correlation between retinal thickness and retinal visual function in the central 300 µm human macular area. Methods Twenty‐four eyes with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) (12 eyes with and 12 eyes without central foveal involvement) underwent retinal thickness measurement (RT) and retinal sensitivity, performed by Cirrus HD‐OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) and MP1 (Microperimetry, Nidek, Japan) systems, respectively. The average retinal thickness in the 300 µm diameter area, centered in the fovea, was computed and correlated with the central MP1 value. RT could also be locally correlated with MP1 values in areas of 30 µm in diameter centered at each stimulus site. Precise correspondence between stimuli and RT locations was ensured by bringing into co‐registering the fundus image references from both modalities. Results A moderate correlation was found between RT and central MP1 value (R=‐0.578, p=0.003). The correlation decreases when analysing, separately, eyes with or without central foveal involvement (p>0.05 for both groups) being stronger for the CSME eyes with central involvement. Conclusion Cirrus HD‐OCT high resolution mapping allows to correlate structure and function at detailed level in the central fovea. It became possible to demonstrate the lack of direct correlation RT/MP1 and the reason why an apparent correlation exist when considering all cases of being part of the same group.
Lens cellular culture models obtained after cataract surgery: interest in cytogenetics analysis
Authors: MILLAZO S , COPIN H , JANY B , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To model two new techniques of lens cellular culture after cataract surgery, depending of the technique used, in order to study cytogenetics characteristics Methods Two techniques were provided to obtain lens cells during cataract surgery according to the technique used. Twenty phacoemulsification from patients (range 15 to 83 years‐old) allowed to collect anterior capsules were collected during capsulorhexis before. Capsules were applied in thin layer on slides. Then they have been set in culture. Thirty posterior phacophagia (range 1 month‐old to 8 years‐old) allowed to collect liquids and were then cytocentrifuged. The cells centrifugated were set in culture. A cytogenetic analysis was performed with the lens cells and blood. An informed consent was obtained from the patients. Results Twelve of the twenty capsules could lead to lens culture. The culture centrifugated cells of eighteen phacophagia could be used to perform a cytogenetic analysis and found a regular karyotype according to the blood results. The lens is specially exposed to UV rays and cytogenetic anomalies could be induced and then identify. Other applications could be applied with these lens cells as study of lens pharmacological effects of drugs. Conclusion The techniques described are simple to perform and could be used in different applications. The cytogenetic analysis we used is one of those and confirms the interest to compare blood and tissue results.
Application of agar sandwich technique for morphologic studies of anterior lens capsule
Authors: STUNF S , HVALA A , GLOBOCNIK PETROVIC M , HAWLINA M 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Preparation of the anterior lens capsule for morphological studies is difficult due to its transparency, small size and delicacy. During preparation the capsule curls upon itself, causing various artefacts in capsule thickness and epithelial cells organization. The samples can also be easily lost. To overcome these problems, the agar sandwich technique was introduced. Methods The capsules were obtained during routine cataract surgery and immediately fixated in 10% paraformaldehid for 1 to 2 hours. The agar sandwich consisted of 8mm wide agar disc and agar in liquid state, to be poured over the disc. The discs were pre‐prepared and stored in alcohol, while the liquid phase was stored cold in syringe and melted for each case. With the aid of laboratory microscope pre‐fixated capsule was gently straightened on the agar disc, mounted in the agar sandwich and fixated overnight. Fixation was followed by standard procedure for light or electron microscopy samples. Results Anterior lens capsules from different cataracts were included in the study. Once positioned in the sandwich, the capsule remained in its shape throughout the preparation. The agar sandwich did not interfere with the standard Hematoxilyn‐Eosin staining or cutting. Agar was clearly seen around the capsule on light microscopy samples. The appearance of basement membrane remained unchanged. However, for epithelial cells preservation the pre‐fixation and gentle handling of the sample were crucial. Conclusion The agar sandwich technique is a not‐complicated technique, which turned out as an effective method in processing of the anterior lens capsule samples. In combination with pre‐fixation no interfering with histological section or interpretation was noted.
Spontaneous cataract formation in DBA/2J mice
Authors: OLESZCZUK AK , REJDAK R , RUMMELT C , KICZYNSKA M , ZARNOWSKI T , SCHUETTAUF F , THALER S , ZRENNER E , KRUSE F , JUNEMANN A 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose DBA/2J mouse develop spontaneously changes in anterior chamber like pigment dispersion syndrome, iris atrophy, posterior synechiae leading to IOP increase. Additionally, there are observations suggesting cataract formation. The aim of this study was to describe features of cataract formation in DBA/2J mice. Moreover, presence and pattern of the L‐ kynurenine aminotransferases (KAT I , II and III) immunoreactivity in the cataractous lens of DBA/2J mice was investigated. Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted using polyclonal antibodies against KAT I, II and KAT III on 18 cataractous lenses of 8‐, 11‐ and 24‐month old DBA/2J mice (6 in each group). All the sections of the lens were stained with Periodic Acid – Schiff (PAS), and normal anatomy of the anterior segment of the eye was confirmed. Moreover, all the animals subjected to the study were examined using slit lamp and anterior chamber photography. Results As observed clinically, the animals developed cataract during aging. PAS staining revealed presence of lens opacification. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed presence of KAT I, II and KAT III in the extracellular structures of cataract showing specific pattern of the stain. In cortical cataract the immunoreactivity was observed on cortical lens fibres. In nuclear cataract, KAT II revealed stronger and diffused staining than KAT I. Additionally both KATs showed more pronounced staining at the edge of small clefts. Conclusion Manifestation of L‐kynurenine aminotransferases in extracellular matrix during cataract formation in DBA/2J mice suggests that products of L‐kynurenine pathway might be involved in mechanisms of cataractogenesis in this animal model.