bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of polyamines on apoptosis induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Han Liping , Xu Changqing , Jiang Chunming , Li Hongzhu , Zhang Weihua , Zhao Yajun , Zhang Li , Zhang Yanqiao , Zhao Weiming , Yang Baofeng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe incubated neonatal Sprague—Dawley rat cardiomyocytes in primary culture in a medium simulating ischemia (consisting of hypoxia plus serum deprivation) for 2 h, then re‐incubated them for 24 h in normal culture medium to establish a model of simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Apoptotic cell death was measured by MTT assay, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Morphological alterations were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, the expression of caspases‐3 and −9 and Bcl‐2 and the release of cytochrome c by Western blotting, and the intracellular free‐calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) by laser confocal scanning microscopy. The results showed that pretreatment with 10 μmol/l spermine or spermidine significantly inhibited apoptosis in the I/R cells, suppressed the expression of caspases‐3 and −9 and cytochrome c release, up‐regulated Bcl‐2 expression and decreased [Ca2+]i. However, pretreatment with 10 μmol/l putrescine had the opposite effects. Evidence for this “double‐edged” effect of polyamines on apoptosis in I/R‐injured cardiomyocytes is presented for the first time. It may suggest a novel pharmacological target for preventing and treating cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Association study between the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 gene and suicidality in bipolar disorder
Authors: De Luca Vincenzo , Tharmalingam Subi , Kennedy James L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFamily, adoption and twin studies show that genetics influences suicidal behavior, but does not indicate specific susceptibility variants. Stress response is thought to be mediated by the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is known to be a regulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal pathway (HPA). Alterations in HPA system have been related to impulsivity, aggression and suicidal behaviour, that are common features in Bipolar Disorder (BD). CRH is a hypothalamic factor that stimulates the pituitary gland. Two CRH receptors are known, CRHR1 and CRHR2. To search for markers conferring genetic susceptibility to suicide, we typed three polymorphisms of the CRHR2 gene, CRHR2(CA), CRHR2(GT), and CRHR2(GAT), in 312 families where at least one subject had DSM-IV bipolar disorder. Family based association analyses in the suicide attempters using FBAT yielded no difference in the distribution of the alleles for all three markers. HBAT analysis for quantitative measures on suicide-related traits showed association between haplotype 5-2-3 and higher severity. The current results show that haplotype variation at the CRHR2 locus is associated with suicidal behaviour. This is to our knowledge the first investigation on suicidal behavior and genetic variation at the CRHR2 locus, an important regulator of the HPA axis.
Air Pollution and Lichens in Hong Kong
Authors: Thrower S. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA simple scale using tropical lichen species has been used by secondary school students to assess air pollution zones in Hong Kong. The distribution of lichens was found to be related to the sites of power stations, a desalting plant, and heavily industrialised areas. As in temperate climates, both complexity of growth form and numbers of species increase with distance from the sources of air pollution.
A Revision and Review of Lemmopsis and Some Related Species
Authors: Ellis L. T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLemmopsis is retained as a genus in the Lichinaceae. Three species are recognised, L. arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr., L. oblongans (Nyl. ex Crombie) A. L. Sm. and L. pelodes (Körber ex B. Stein) comb. nov. Lemmopsis leptogiella (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. is transferred to Porocyphus. The status of Psorotichia flotowiana (Hepp) Müll.Arg. is discussed and its affinities suggested.
Citrine–Green Taxa in the Genus Candelariella
Authors: Gilbert O. L. , Henderson A. , James P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe citrine–green Candelariella flavovirella (Nyl.) Lettau and C. heidelbergensis (Nyl.) Poelt are shown to differ from the yellow-orange species C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Mull. Arg. and C. aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. respectively, mainly in the suppression of calycin. As distinctive and geographically scattered chemotypes it is suggested that the rank of form is most appropriate and the required new combinations are made. A citrine–green population of C. medians (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. is described as f. steepholmensis O. Gilbert f.nov.
Composition and Succession of Lichen Communities in an Inner Coastal Dune Area in Southern Sweden
Authors: Magnusson M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cryptogamic vegetation, dominated by lichens, in a secondary coastal dune area is described. The Coelocaulon aculeatum community colonizes large exposed sand patches. The Cladonia glauca–C. mitts community colonizes where litter has accumulated. The Cladonia mitis and C. portentosa communities occupy more sheltered sites than the Coelocaulon aculeatum community. The scattered Cladonia zopfii community colonizes both exposed and slightly more sheltered sand patches. The common Cladonia uncialis–C. mitis community usually colonizes smaller sand patches with some humus accumulation than those colonized by the Coelocaulon aculeatum community. The Cladonia mitis, the C. portentosa and the Cladonia uncialis–C. mitis communities and probably the Cladonia zopfii community are suggested to be final stages in the lichen succession.
The Lichen Flora of a High-Level Limestone-Epidiorite Outcrop in the Ben Alder Range, Scotland
Authors: Gilbert O. L. , Fox B. W. , Purvis O. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe lichen flora of a very small, but outstandingly rich, outcrop of limestone and epidiorite at 1030 m in the Ben Alder range is described. One hundred and six calcicolous species were encountered, many of which are rare nationally; eight are not known elsewhere in Britain. The site is compared with other calcareous mountains in Scotland and possible reasons for its distinctive lichen flora are suggested.
Caliciales of Costa Rica
Authors: Tibell L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA synopsis of 26 species belonging to 10 genera of Caliciales (s.lat.) occurring in Costa Rica is given. Short comments on the ecology and distribution of the species, indications of occurrence of secondary substances, and observations on the ultrastructure of the spores in some species are included. The mainly tropical genera Pyrgidium, Schistophoron and Tylophoron are given particular attention. Seventeen species are new to Central America and the following five new to science: Caliciurn constrictum sp. nov., Chaenothecopsis rubina sp. nov., Coniocybe sanguinea sp. nov., Schistophoron variabile sp. nov., and Tylophoron crassiusculum sp. nov. Two new combinations, Mycocalicium albonigrum (Nyl.) comb. nov. and Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) comb, nov., are made. Lectotypes have been designated for Tylophoron annulatum Krempelh., T. cupulare Vainio, T. moderatum var. consociata Vainio and T. rufocapillatum Nádv. Names of several taxa in Pyrgidium and Tylophoron have been put into synonomy. Arthothelin, thuringione and thiophanic acid (in Calicium hyperelloides Nyl.) and lecanoric acid, 2'-O-methylperlatoic acid and lichexanthone (in Tylophoron) are reported for the first time in the Caliciales.
Studies on Physciaceae (Lichens) II. The Genus Pyxine in Europe
Authors: Moberg R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSix species of Pyxine have been reported from Europe (including the Azores), but only two, Pyxine sorediata (syn. P. endochrysoides) and P. subcinerea (syn. P. chrysanthoides), are now accepted, the remaining four being excluded for various reasons. Buellia convexa is found to be a synonym of B. pulverulenta.
The Thermal Operating-Environment of a Lichen
Authors: Kershaw K. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe energy balance processes at a surface are reviewed in relation to the development of extreme temperature profiles that constitute the normal operating environment of a lichen. The specific nature of this operating environment, irrespective of altitude or latitude is emphasized and illustrated with a number of specific examples. These range from the ‘desert’ thermal environment following forest fire in low-arctic spruce-lichen woodland to boundary layer conditions at 2000 m, which is the environment of Rhizocarpon superficiale. The importance of winter temperatures and the ameliorating effects of snow cover and thallus colour are also related to the ecology and thermal environment of arctic and alpine lichens. Finally the thermal regime of corticolous and pendulous epiphytic lichens is discussed, again in terms of boundary layer and canopy microclimate. It is concluded that the thermal environment of a lichen largely interacts physiologically with the thermal tolerance limits of the dry thallus on one hand and the temperature optimum of net photosynthesis on the other.
Notes on the Maritime, Lignicolous Lichen Lecanora Orae-Frigidae
Authors: Brodo I. M. , Vánská H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLecanora symmicta var. sorediosa Westman, a soraliate, yellow, crutose lichen frequently found on wood substrata along the sea shores in the arctic and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere, is now generally accepted as a distinct species, and has recently been provided with a new name: Lecanora arae-frigidae R. Sant. Besides usnic acid it contains zeorin, thiophanic acid and two accessory xanthones. The Finnish material of L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. examined for comparison differs having thiophanic acid inconstant as well as three unknown substances, while lacking one of the xanthones. One specimen of L. orae-frigidae from the White Sea coast in Karelian A. S. S. R. was growing with a small thallus of Lecanora grantii Magnusson, a new record of the latter species for Europe.
A New Subantarctic Species of the Lichen Genus Peltularia
Authors: Jørgensen P. M. , Galloway D. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPeltularia crassa P. M. Jørg. & D. Galloway, a new, umbilicate lichen in the family Coccocarpiaceae is described from Campbell Island south of New Zealand. It occurs also on Macquarie Island. Its taxonomic and phytogeographical relationships are discussed.
Goniocysts, Goniocystangia and Opegrapha Lambinonii and Related Species
Authors: Sérusiaux E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe term gomocyst, introduced by Norman in the last century, has been used to designate lichen thalli consisting of algal colonies embedded in a hyphal envelope. It has been applied to the Moriolaceae, ‘Botrydina’ and several groups in the Lecideaceae s. lat. A preliminary survey demonstrates that the concept encompasses different structures. Nevertheless, and ad interim, the term is here used to describe the small diaspores produced by several species of foliicolous Opegrapha in a peculiar organ, the gomocystangium. Four such species are known in Opegrapha: O. dibbemi sp. nov. in Costa Rica, O. lambinoniiSérusiaux in Zaire, O. luzonensis sp. nov. in the Philippines and O. santessonii sp. nov. in Zaire, but foliicolous lichen thalli with goniocystangia are known from undisturbed rain forests at low elevations in four continents.
Differences in formation of vegetative cells and their walls in Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia as further evidence for the classification of these genera
Authors: Peveling E. , König J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe formation of vegetative cells from zoospores and the morphogenesis of the multilayered cell walls during this process was observed in some Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia species. In Trebouxia species, e.g. Trebouxia erici, the wall of the vegetative cell is formed around the zoospore while in Pseudotrebouxia species, e.g. Pseudotrebouxia corticola, firstly an autosporangium with its wall is formed then the autosporangium further divides.
Lichens Growing on the Ella Island Meteorite, Central East Greenland
Authors: Hansen E. S. , Graff-Petersen P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMature as well as juvenile stages of thalli and apothecia occurring on numerous meteorite fragments found on Ella Island can be referred to 10 genera of lichens: Acarospora, Candelariella, Gyalidea, Lecanora, Lecidea, Physcia, Pseudephebe, Polysporina, Rinodina and Xanlhoria. In their colonization phase these lichens are influenced by the mineralogy and chemistry of the meteorite fragments. Thus Xanlhoria shows a distinct preference for the meteorite minerals rich in iron, whereas Candelariella appears to avoid these minerals.
The Cortical Surfaces in Parmelia Saxatilis and P.Caperata: A Histochemical Approach
Authors: Modenesi P. , Vanzo C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHistochemical aspects of the amorphous layers in two species of Parmelia apseudocyphellate and a pored epicorticate, were compared. In P. saxatilis this layer, called the ‘ syncortex ’ (a new term), is composed of strongly acidic (sulphated) polysaccharides containing hyaluronic acid. It is easily distinguishable histochemically from the cortical interhyphal matrix. In P. caperata the mild acidic polysaccharidic composition of the epicortex and the interhyphal matrix is shown. The function of these amorphous layers is discussed on the basis of these results.
Morphological and Chemical Variation in the Cladonia Macilenta/Bacillaris Aggregate in Denmark
Authors: Christensen S. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe lichen substances of 64 Danish specimens of the Cladonia macilenta bacillaris aggregate were analysed by thin layer chromatography. Nine chemical types were found. The presence of thamnolic acid was not found to be correlated with any of the examined morphological parameters.
Electrophoretic Analysis of Esterase and Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme forms in Single Spore Cultures of Cladonia Cristatella
Authors: Fahselt Dianne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSome enzymes, particularly esterases and phosphatases, are commonly variable within lichen populations. Mycobiont cultures of Cladonia cristatella Tuck, were examined electrophoretically in order to determine whether isozymes of these enzymes varied among 12 cultures initiated from single ascospores of the same apothecium. There were significant differences among mycobionts with respect to growth in liquid malt-yeast medium, and there was isozymic variability among them just as there is among intact thalli in natural lichen populations. These results are consistent with the idea that in nature ascospores could participate in the reproductive process. Enzymatic differences within a population may originate from propagules, including sexual ones, which initiate individual thalli.
Two New Species of Peltigera
Authors: Holtan-Hartwig J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo new lichen species Peltigera frippii Holt.-Hartw. and P. scabrosella Holt.-Hartw.are described. Their morphology, chemistry, and ecology are discussed, and their distribution in Norway is mapped. New chemical data are also given for the related species P. lyngei Gyelnik, P. malacea (Ach.) Funck, P. neckeri Müll. Arg., and P. scabrosa Th. Fr.
Studies on the Genus Nephroma II. The Southern Temperate Species
Authors: White F. Joy , James P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reassesses the southern temperate South American and Australasian species of Nephroma, analyses their chemistry and provides a key to the 14 species and three varieties accepted. N. occultum from North America is also discussed due to its close relationship to N. microphyllum and N. papillosum. Three pairs of morphotypes are described for the first time: N. analogicum-N. chubutense, N. kuehnemannii-N. microphyllum and N. skottsbergii-N. papillosum. N. papillosum sp. nov. and N. skottsbergii sp. nov. from Chile and Argentina are newly described. N. lobuligerum and N. lepidophyllum are reduced to varietal rank. N. lyallii is placed in synonymy with N. plumbeum and a new combination N. plumbeum var. isidiatum (J. Murray) F. J. White & P. James is made.
Haematomma and Ophioparma: Two Superficially Similar Genera of Lichenized Fungi
Authors: Rogers R. W. , Hafellner J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe genus Haematomma Massal. (type species: H. ochroleucum (Necker) Laundon) includes the pantropical and subtropical H. puniceum group, but differs in a range of characters including ascus structure, paraphyses, and chemistry from Ophioparma Norman (type species: Ophioparma ventosa (L.) Norman). The differences are such that a new family Ophioparmaceae Rogers & Hafellner is described with Ophioparma as its type genus, and the circumscription of the family Haematommaceae Hafellner is emended to take these changes into account. The combination Rosellinula kalbii (Hafellner) comb. nov. is proposed.
Lichens on Elms in the British Isles and the Effect of Dutch Elm Disease on their Status
Authors: Watson M. F. , Hawksworth D. L. , Rose F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe nature of elm bark as a lichen substratum is considered; a method of bark pH measurement is described and examples show the effects of the environment on bark pH. A summary of elm taxonomy includes a field key to the identification of elms. An estimation of the degree of restriction of 97 lichen species found on elms is given together with distribution maps of the most restricted species, and a list of lichens recorded on elm. The spread and control of Dutch Elm Disease is discussed. The future of elms and the consequences for the more highly restricted lichen species are reviewed. Bacidia incompta, Collema fragrans, Gyalecta flotowii, G. ulmi, and particularly Caloplaca luteoalba and Cryptolechia carneolutea, are most at risk from the widespread loss of elms.
Studies on the Cladonia Chlorophaea Complex at Dungeness, England
Authors: Ferry B. W. , Pickering Margaret 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe terricolous lichen flora on the Dungeness shingle, in south-east England, includes an abundance of members of the Cladonia chlorophaea complex. From a detailed examination of morphological and chemical attributes, the ‘species’ present are identified as Cladonia chlorophaea s. str., C. fimbriata, C. humilis, C. merochlorophaea, C. cryptochlorophaea and C. merochlorophaea var. novochlorophaea. Cladonia fimbriata and C. chlorophaea are dominant on the younger, more seaward ridges, whilst C. merochlorophaea becomes important on the older ridges. Cladonia humilis is confined to sandy substrata.
A Comparison of Light, Fluorescence and Electron Microscopic Observations in Assessing the SO2 Injury of Lichens Under Different Moisture Conditions
Authors: Holopainen T. , Kauppi M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree lichen species, Hypogymnia physodes, Bryoria capillaris and Peltigera canina were fumigated with 215 μig m−3 of SO2 (6 h per day, 5 days per week) in exposure chambers under three different moisture conditions. The treatments were (1) low humidity (40–50° r.h. continuously), (2) high humidity (80–90° r.h. continuously) and (3) high humidity + water (80–90° r.h. + daily moistening). The value of light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy in assessing the SO, injury in the lichens was compared. The three lichen species studied were all damaged by this level of SO, fumigation, and injury increased with increased duration of exposure. Electron microscopy was the most sensitive method of revealing cellular injuries after 5 days of exposure in all the species studied. Fluorescence microscopy revealed changes in the colour and intensity of fluorescence after 10 days of exposure in the two epiphytic species, but no clear changes in the cyanobacterial cells of P. canina could be detected by this method. Light microscopy revealed plasmolysis of the algal cells in the two epiphytic species after 10–15 days of fumigation. All the species studied were clearly more sensitive to SO2 when cultured in air of high humidity, although slight cellular injuries also occurred in the dry air treatment (40–50° r.h.). Additional daily moistening tended to protect against injury in the lichens cultured at high humidity. In the present continuous flow fumigation chamber P. canina proved to be sensitive to SO2 in regard to ultrastructural injuries that could be observed in both the cyanobacterial and fungal cells.
Chemical Variation and Geographical Distribution of Asahinea Chrysantha (Tuck.) Culb. & C.Culb.
Authors: Randlane T. , Saag A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSixty-two samples of Asahinea chrysantha from different localities in the Soviet Union were analysed by TLC. Three different chemotypes are recognised, each with a different geographical distribution. The most restricted of the three is an usnic acid deficient chemotype (I), with atranorin, alectoronic and α-collatolic acids, which is chemically the same as A. scholanderi and A. kurodakensis. Chemotype II contains usnic acid in addition to the basic chemistry, and chemotype III is α-collatolic acid deficient and has the widest geographical range. A centre of speciation of Asahinea in Soviet Primorje or Japan is proposed.
Reproductive Modes of Lichens in Stressful Environments in Central Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic
Authors: Fahselt Dianne , Maycock Paul , Wong Pak Yau 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLichens of the most highly stressful habitats in Sverdrup Pass, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, were examined for reproductive structures, as were lichens of less extreme sites within the same landform features. The study areas included twenty-two stands in a calcareous erosional mountain system and two microhabitats within the ablation zone of a valley glacier. In the most limited stands in the erosional mountains 83% of the lichens were apotheciate species and 93% of these were represented by specimens bearing apothecia. On stressful rock surfaces in the glacier fellfield most species also produced sexual fruiting bodies.
The Genus Pertusaria in Tasmanian Rainforests
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe genus Pertusaria is a conspicuous component of the Tasmanian rainforest lichen flora and is represented by five species: P. gibberosa Müll.Arg., P. gymnospora sp. nov., P. jamesii sp. nov., P. novaezelandiae Szatala and P. truncata Krempelh. Pertusaria nothofagi Zahlbr. is added to the synonymy of P. truncata. Descriptive, ecological and distributional data for each species are provided.
Thelidium Pluvium (Verrucariaceae), a New Lichenized Species From North-West Europe
Authors: Orange A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThelidium pluvium sp. nov. is newly described from rocks in streams in Great Britain, Ireland and Norway. It is characterized by perithecia which are partly covered by a thalline layer, a thin involucrellum, and 1-septate spores. A provisional key is given to species of Thelidium in north-west Europe.