bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROWTH-HORMONE DEPENDENCE OF NON-SUPPRESSIBLE INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY (NSILA) AND OF NSILA-CARRIER PROTEIN IN RATS
Authors: Kaufmann U. , Zapf J. , Froesch E. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent growth hormone (GH) treatment on the serum levels of NSILA and of its binding protein were studied in rats.
After hypophysectomy NSILA levels fall to 6 % of the normal. Under GH treatment they rise slowly to 65 % of normal after 12 d. In parallel with the changes of serum NSILA, [35S] sulphate incorporation into costal cartilage in vitro is markedly decreased in hypox animals and restored towards the normal by GH treatment. The relative binding activity of [125I] NSILA-S of serum "stripped" from endogenous NSILA is also reduced after hypophysectomy to approx. 30 % of normal, i. e. to a lesser extent than serum NSILA levels. This concentration of binding protein is sufficient to bind trace amounts of labelled NSILA-S. The half-life of an intravenously injected tracer of [125I]NSILA-S is not significantly decreased in hypox animals. Substitution with GH results in a rise of the relative binding activity to normal after 12 d.
Chromatography of serum, equilibrated with [125I]NSILA-S tracer, on Sephadex G-200 at neutral pH reveals different radiochromatographic patterns for serum from hypox and normal rats: In hypox rats the main peak of radioactivity appears at 60 % bed volume, in normal rats between 45 and 50 %. During GH treatment this main peak shifts from 60 back to 45–50 %.
The distribution of binding activity is similar for normal and hypox rat serum after chromatography on Sephadex G-200 at acidic pH. Furthermore, the binding characteristics of "stripped" hypox and normal serum are identical. This suggests that the same binding protein is present in the normal and hypox rat serum in different molecular forms. It is concluded that GH is a major factor regulating the level of NSILA and of its binding protein in the rat.
LONG-TERM CONTROL OF THYROTOXICOSIS WITH THE BETA-BLOCKER SOTALOL - A MODEL OF UNTREATED HYPERTHYROIDISM?
Authors: Wahlberg Peter , Carlsson Sten-Anders 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five patients with hyperthyroidism and no goitre were treated only by beta blockade with sotalol. All but one became clinically euthyroid, although the thyroid hormone values in their sera remained high. The TSH response to intravenous TRH remained absent. One patient had fluctuating thyroid hormone values, one has had borderline values for 20 months, one had a hormonal recovery within 6 months, one became clinically thyrotoxic and was switched to carbimazole, and one who had first been treated with carbimazole and had a relapse of high hormone values at 3 months and of clinical symptoms within 9 months after cessation of carbimazole treatment became clinically euthyroid with beta blockade.
Sotalol offers a symptom control of hyperthyroidism without lowering the thyroid function, and thus makes it possible to study the long-term hormonal pattern of hyperthyroidism without suppression of thyroid hormone secretion. The results show that the course of hyperthyroidism may vary in duration and pattern. TRH stimulation may cause none or a small TSH response even when the disease is in hormonal remission. The cause of this phenomenon is discussed.
The duration of hyperthyroidism cannot be forecast by present methods, and this should be borne in mind when patients are treated with antithyroid drugs for this disorder.
EFFECT OF ANTITHYROID TREATMENT ON CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM I: CHEMICAL QUANTITIES IN SERUM AND URINE
Authors: Mosekilde Leif , Christensen Merete Sanvig , Melsen Flemming , Sørensen Niels Schwartz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of antithyroid treatment on the disturbed calcium-phosphorus metabolism in hyperthyroidism was studied in 16 patients. Elevated serum concentrations and urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus were almost normalized 4 weeks after the start of medical treatment. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was decreased in the hyperthyroid state and became normal after medical treatment. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated throughout the study with an increase to a maximum peak after 8 weeks of antithyroid treatment. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was initially markedly increased and fell rapidly during therapy. The observed changes suggest decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation with deposition of bone mineral after antithyroid treatment.
Alterations in the serum albumin concentration during the investigation period influenced the total serum calcium concentration. Using albumin adjusted serum calcium values no hypocalcaemia was found during medical treatment or after a subsequent subtotal thyroidectomy.
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM
Authors: Transbøl I. , Christiansen C. , Baastrup P. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a sample of lithium-treated manic-depressive outpatients who had been under treatment for several years. The sample included 86 patients, 70 females and 16 males, who had been treated for an average of 80 months. One-hundred-and-five blood donors, 58 females and 47 males, aged from 21 to 70 years, served as a reference population for the determinations of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine-resin uptake (T3RU), the free T3 and T4 indices (FT3I and FT4I) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Raised TSH levels occurred in 20 patients (23 %), all females, and all but one being over the age of 40 years. This prevalence of 19 cases of hypothyroidism among 56 females over 40 years of age (34 %) contrasted sharply with one single case in the remaining 30 patients (P < 0.001). Highly significant reductions (P < 0.001) of FT3I3I and FT4I were observed in the 20 patients with raised TSH levels, in whom log TSH also correlated very closely with FT3I and FT4I (r=−0.73 and −0.86, respectively, P <0.001). The remaining patients had average normal values of T4, FT4I and TSH, but slightly depressed levels of T3 (P < 0.05) and FT3I (P <0.01), possibly reflecting decreased peripheral deiodination of thyroxine.
Our data suggest, that cases of hypothyroidism continue to appear as treatment continues. Determination of TSH is recommended at 6 to 12 months intervals in manic-depressive patients undergoing long-term lithium therapy.
EFFECT OF ACTH AND DEXAMETHASONE ON THE DIURNAL RHYTHM OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Reck G. , Nowostawskyj H. , Breckwoldt M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present study is concerned with the role of maternal cortisol in regulating diurnal rhythm of unconjugated oestriol in 9 pregnant women. Blood was drawn at 30 min intervals between 5 p. m. and 3 a. m. In 5 patients endogenous ACTH-secretion was simultaneously suppressed by 12 mg dexamethasone over 48 h. Between 8 p. m. and 2 a. m., 0.25 mg ACTH1-24 (Synacthen®) was infused into the subjects. Free oestriol was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the total plasma cortisol by the protein binding method.
Patients without dexamethasone demonstrated high oestriol levels (21.5 ± 9 ng/ml) and episodic secretion between 5 p. m. and 8 p. m. At the same time cortisol concentrations were relatively low (274.1 ± 66 ng/ml). Ninety min after starting ACTH-infusion, plasma oestriol decreased in negative correlation to rising cortisol (r = −0.916, P < 0.001). Between 11 p. m. and 2 a. m. oestriol levels were significantly below the control values (12.9 ± 3 ng/ml, P < 0.001) and were associated with high cortisol levels (887 ± 312 ng/ml). Episodic oestriol production did not occur during the period of elevated cortisol levels.
Under dexamethasone both oestriol (2.1 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and cortisol values (36.5 ± 24 ng/ml) were markedly suppressed. Only cortisol production could be stimulated during ACTH-infusion (374 ± 80 ng/ml), whereas oestriol concentration remained in the range of the controls (1.91 ± 0.5 ng/ml). These results suggest that diurnal rhythm of unconjugated oestriol is predominantly regulated by feed-back action of maternal cortisol on the foetal hypothalamus.
THE TIME COURSE CHANGE AFTER CASTRATION IN SHORT-LOOP NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL OF LH BY HCG IN WOMEN
Authors: Miyake A. , Aono T. , Kinugasa T. , Tanizawa O. , Kurachi K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The time course of change in the suppressive effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or LH-β following castration was studied by a specific LH-β radioimmunoassay. At 14–50 days after castration 8 women were given 10 000 IU of HCG in a single intramuscular injection (group 1), 5 women were given 2000 IU of HCG in the same way (group 2), and 5 were injected with saline as controls (group 5). In addition, 5 women 6–15 months (group 3) and 7 women 3–8 years (group 4) after castration were given 10 000 IU of HCG. The serum concentrations of HCG in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 reached peak levels of 209.4, 44.1, 210.6 and 238.6 mU/ml, resepctively, 4 h after the HCG injection. The serum LH concentration in group 1 was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) by HCG administration, but the reductions in the LH levels in groups 2, 3 and 4 after HCG injection were not significantly different from that of the controls. These findings suggest that the threshold of the short-loop negative feedback control of LH in women changes with time after castration.
MAMMARY GLAND PROLACTIN RECEPTOR AND PITUITARY PROLACTIN SECRETION IN LACTATING MICE WITH DIFFERENT LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroshi , Yanai Reiko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
SHN female mice, a high mammary tumour strain, are superior to SLN, a low mammary tumour strain, in lactational performance. Mammary gland prolactin receptor and pituitary prolactin secretion during lactation were compared between these strains. The binding activity, the number of receptor sites per mg tissue and the association constant were measured by the in vitro incubation of mammary gland slices with 125I-labelled bovine prolactin, and the pituitary and plasma levels of prolactin were assayed by homologous radioimmunoassay. There was only a slight difference between strains in any of the parameters for prolactin receptor and for prolactin secretion on either day 4 or day 9 of the first lactation. Almost all the correlation coefficients between each parameter for prolactin receptor and the pituitary or plasma level of prolactin were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that any parameter for prolactin examined in this study is not always directly indicative of lactational performance and further show that the individual variation in the pituitary prolactin secretion during lactation is not so great as to alter the prolactin receptor.
THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND HCG ON ADRENAL STEROIDOGENESIS IN THE NEONATAL BABOON (PAPIO PAPIO)
Authors: Pepe Gerald J. , Townsley John D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We have studied three, term newborn baboons (Papio papio) to determine whether differential responses to chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and ACTH exist with respect to cortisol (F), dehydroepiandrosterone (D), or dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS) secretion as judged by the serum level of these hormones. Serum F, D and DS levels were measured by radioimmunoassay 30, 15 and 0 min prior to constant iv infusion (120 min) of (A) 12 IU ACTH, (B) 2000 USP Units HCG or (C) normal saline. Steroid concentrations measured on samples obtained during the infusion (30, 60 and 120 min) were averaged and compared with the average pre-treatment values. Statistical analyses were by analysis of variance with comparison of individual means by least significant difference procedure. Each animal was examined 6 times (day 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 of life) receiving each treatment twice in a staggered schedule. Mean serum concentrations (μg/100 ml ± sd) of D, DS and F prior to treatment were 8.0 ± 3.8; 394 ± 196; 47.0 ± 18.7, respectively. ACTH, but not HCG, increased (P < 0.025) serum D, DS and F levels. The response of D and F to ACTH expressed as a per cent of pre-treatment values were similar #$x2266; 100 %) and greater (P < 0.05) than the mean DS percentage (29%) response. These results indicate that ACTH but not HCG is an adrenocorticotrophin in the baboon neonate.
Since the effect of ACTH was not limited to C21 steroid hormone production, these results do not support the suggestion that the neonatal baboon adrenal exhibits a differential response to ACTH stimulation.
FAT CELL SIZE AND LIPID CONTENT OF SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: Rognum Torleiv Ole , Bjerve Kristian S. , Seip Martin , Trygstad Olav , Oseid Svein 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fat cell size and lipid composition of subcutaneous tissue from 3 patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy have been measured before and after treatment with either pimozide, fenfluramine or hypophysectomy. The fat cell volume before treatment ranged between 9.8 × 104 and 17.7 × 104 μm3, compared to 9.0 ×104 and 85.3 × 104 μm3 in 15 controls. The amount of lipids was only 1/10 to 1/50 of normal, triglycerides being the most heavily reduced lipid component.
Neither the fat cell size nor the lipid content were affected by treatment with hypophysectomy, pimozide or fenfluramine.
THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE PREPARATION OF HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE, FOR IMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Storring P. L. , Bangham D. R. , Cotes P. Mary , Gaines Rose E. , Jeffcoate S. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The preparation and nature of the International Reference Preparation of Human Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone for Immunoassay are described.
A collaborative assay of this material (coded 68/40) in terms of the International Reference Preparation of Human Pituitary Gonadotrophins (FSH and LH (ICSH)), for Bioassay (coded 69/104) was carried out by twelve laboratories in seven different countries, using different bioassay and immunoassay methods. The weighted combined potency estimate (with 95 % confidence limits) was 52.1 (46.3–58.7) IU/ampoule with male accessory reproductive organ weight gain assays; 80.2 (73.2–87.9) IU/ampoule with ovarian ascorbate depletion assays; 127 (124–129) IU/ampoule with in vitro Leydig cell testosterone production assays; and 124 (121–126) IU/ampoule with testis receptor binding assays. Immunoassay estimates in terms of the same standard were heterogeneous and gave an unweighted mean potency estimate of 33.2 IU with 95% confidence limits of 14.8– 74.4 IU/ampoule.
Estimates from different methods gave significantly different results, and the reasons for this are discussed in terms of the differences between the materials being compared and the methods used in the comparison. These data illustrate the conceptual difficulties involved in comparing hetero geneous reference preparations, especially by both bioassay and immunoassay, and some of the causes of inevitable discontinuity of assay results, as described in the 26th Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. On the basis of these results, and in the interest of maintaining continuity of its unitage, the International Reference Preparation has been allocated a potency of 77 IU/ampoule.
SERUM GONADOTROPHINS IN RATS AFTER CASTRATION OR HEAT TREATMENT OF THE TESTES
Authors: Aafjes J. H. , Vreeburg J. T. M. , Schenck P. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In rats spermatogenesis was disturbed by heat treatment of the testes. This resulted in increases of both LH and FSH. The increased gonadotrophin levels could be suppressed with testosterone. For suppression of FSH to levels of control animals more testosterone was needed than for LH.
The increase of gonadotrophins after castration could be suppressed with testosterone released evenly from silastic capsules. For this suppression low serum levels of testosterone relative to testosterone levels in intact control animals were sufficient. This may indicate that testosterone episodically secreted has a lesser suppressive action on gonadotrophin secretion than a constant presence of this hormone.
The suppressive action of testosterone on serum gonadotrophin levels after castration was potentiated by 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione, a steroid which inhibits strongly the enzymatic transformation of testosterone into oestradiol.
THE STABILITY OF STANDARDS FOR RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN TSH: RESEARCH STANDARD A AND THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE PREPARATION INITIALLY 68/38
Authors: Cotes P. Mary , Das Rose E. Gaines , Kirkwood T. B. L. , Bennie J. G. , Hunter W. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The stability of the International Reference Preparation of human TSH for immunoassay (previously distributed in ampoules coded 68/38) and of Research Standard A for HTSH has been examined by radioimmunoassay of accelerated degradation samples (stored as the dry ampouled preparations). Potency estimates on degradation samples suggest a high order of stability of immunopotency recognisable by two antisera (MRC 72/356 and Hunter 3A). For the International Reference Preparation the loss of immunopotency during storage at −20°C is predicted to have been 0.56 % per year.
THYROID HORMONE UPTAKE AND T4 DERIVED T3 FORMATION IN DIFFERENT SKELETAL MUSCLE TYPES OF NORMAL AND HYPERTHYROID RATS
Authors: van Hardeveld C. , Kassenaar A. A. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In this study hind-limb perfusion was used to investigate conversion of T4 to T3 in skeletal muscle tissue. For this purpose the rats were depleted of thyroid hormones by thyroid ablation with 0.75 mCi 131I and were perfused 2 weeks later, when the skeletal muscle tissue consumed oxygen at a normal rate due to one subcutaneous dose of 10 μg T3/100 g b. w. 3 days before the perfusion experiments were started. T4*1) of high specific activity (> 2000 μCi/μg) was added to the perfusate. In the muscle (mixed type) a mean T4 → T3 conversion of 2 % (range 0.5–3.9) was found after 120 min of perfusion. T3 generation from T4 in skeletal muscle did not correspond with T3 muscle uptake. This observation makes a significant overestimation of T3 by selective uptake of a small contamination of T3* in the T4* preparation highly improbable. In red muscle the T4 and T3 uptake was about 50 % higher than in white muscle. The observed Tetracc and T3c were significantly higher in red than in white muscle. The uptake of thyroid hormones by both muscle types was not changed in hyperthyroid rats. The Tetrac and T3 formation from T4, however, was increased in red muscles of hyperthyroid rats. The results show that thyroid hormone metabolism can vary markedly depending upon the type of muscle studied and they present a basis for a better understanding of clinical and biochemical evidence for a different susceptibility of red and white muscle fibers to thyroid hormones.
THYROID FUNCTION DURING PREGNANCY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HYDATIDIFORM MOLE AND HYPEREMESIS
Authors: Bruun Th. , Kristoffersen K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thyroid function tests, serum protein-bound iodine (PBI), serum triiodothyronine reaction (T3-test) and serum cholesterol were measured in three groups of pregnant women:
1) 57 with normal pregnancy,
2) 35 with hyperemesis and
3) 14 with hydatidiform mole.
A pattern of high values of PBI and T3-test and relatively low values of cholesterol in most of the patients with hydatidiform mole, and in almost one third of the patients with hyperemesis was found. A positive correlation of the volume of molar tissue and the values of PBI was observed. The treatment of patients with hyperemesis mostly resulted in normalisation of the thyroid function tests, while this was not the case in patients with mole. It is suggested that there might be a common cause of the thyroid stimulation in patients with mole and hyperemesis.
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM:
Authors: Christiansen C. , Baastrup P. C. , Lindgreen P. , Transbøl I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ninety-six manic-depressive patients were studied during long-term lithium treatment. Highly significant elevations were observed respecting the levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (P < 0.001) as well as the protein-corrected levels of serum calcium (P < 0.001) and serum magnesium (P <0.001), thus indicating a state of 'primary' hyperparathyroidism. The patients as a group had normophosphataemia and normophosphatasia supporting the impression of a rather mild state of biochemical hyperparathyroidism.
EFFECT OF FASTING ON 32P TRANSLOCATIONS IN PRE-LABELLED PANCREATIC ISLETS
Authors: Asplund Kjell , Freinkel Norbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rapid, short-lived efflux of inorganic 32P-orthophosphate that occurs when pre-labelled pancreatic islets are exposed to nutrient insulin secretagogues (the "phosphate flush") has been proposed to reflect some early step in β-cell secretory activation. In the present study, glucose-initiated phosphate efflux was studied during fasting.
Pancreatic islets were isolated from fed and 48-h fasted rats by collagenase digestion. After pre-labelling with 32P-orthophosphate and basal perifusion with 0.5 mg/ml glucose, tissue analyses disclosed similar stores of radioactivity in the two groups of islets. Stimulatory perifusion with glucose at this time failed to promote insulin release from islets which had been secured from fasted donors although the "phosphate flush" was preserved. However, the characteristics of phosphate efflux were altered. Maximal glucose-induced phosphate release was greater with islets from fasted animals whereas phosphate release in response to low level stimulation with glucose was diminished. Accordingly, the dose-response curve for glucose-initiated phosphate efflux in islets from fasted rats was displaced to the right and compatible with a decreased sensitivity to glucose at the activation site for the "phosphate flush."
Thus, while glucose is unable to enhance insulin release in vitro after fasting, glucose still elicits increased phosphate efflux. However, the phenomenon appears to be attended by an impaired responsiveness to activation by glucose, supporting the contention that some early step in the sequence of stimulus secretion coupling in the β-cell may be obtunded after food deprivation.
THE EFFECT OF OOPHORECTOMY ON PLASMA OESTRONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE LEVELS IN THE RAT
Authors: Fearnley M. , Hodgkinson A. , Holmes A. L. , Nordin B. E. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma oestrone and androstenedione levels have been measured in oophorectomized and sham-operated rats by means of radioimmunoassay. The mean oestrone level in the oophorectomized animals was approximately two-thirds of that in the intact animals while the androstendione levels were about half of those in the intact rats. A direct relationship was observed between the plasma oestrone and androstenedione levels in the control animals and to a lesser extent in the oophorectomized animals. The results indicate that approximately 50 % of circulating androstenedione and 30 % of circulating oestrone originate in the ovaries in the female adult rat.
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM
Authors: Transbøl I. , Christiansen C. , Baastrup P. C. , Nielsen M. Damkjœr , Giese J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypermagnesaemia is a well-known but as yet unexplained concomitant of lithium treatment. Prior suggestions implicating a role for aldosterone in magnesium homoeostasis prompted this study of plasma renin, plasma aldosterone and serum magnesium in 17 maniodepressive patients on long-term lithium treatment.
In addition to hypermagnesaemia (P < 0.001), this group of patients had raised plasma levels of aldosterone (P < 0.001) and increased plasma renin concentration (P < 0.05). Serum magnesium was positively correlated to plasma aldosterone (r = 0.58, P < 0.02).
The relation between activation of the renin-aldosterone system and the presence of hypermagnesaemia during chronic lithium treatment could conceivably be mediated through a lithium-induced hypovolaemic state.