bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claims-Based Frailty Index and Its Relationship With Commonly Used Clinical Frailty Measures
Authors: Sison Stephanie Denise M , Shi Sandra M , Oh Gahee , Jeong Sohyun , McCarthy Ellen P , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship of claims-based frailty index (CFI), a validated measure to identify frail individuals using Medicare data, and frailty measures used in clinical practice has not yet been fully explored.

Methods
We identified community-dwelling participants of the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) whose CFI scores could be calculated using linked Medicare claims. We calculated 9 commonly used clinical frailty measures from their NHATS in-person examination: Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Index (SOF), FRAIL Scale, Frailty Phenotype, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Vulnerable Elder Survey-13 (VES-13), Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), and 40-item Frailty Index (FI). Using equipercentile method, CFI scores were linked to clinical frailty measures. C-statistics and test characteristics of CFI to identify frailty as defined by each clinical frailty measure were calculated.

Results
Of the 3 963 older adults, 44.5% were ≥75 years, 59.4% were female, and 82.3% were non-Hispanic White. A CFI of 0.25 was equipercentile to the following clinical frailty measure scores: SOF 1.4, FRAIL 1.8, Phenotype 1.8, CFS 5.4, VES-13 5.7, TFI 4.6, GFI 5.0, EFS 6.0, and FI 0.26. The C-statistics of using CFI to identify frailty as defined by each clinical measure were ≥0.70, except for CFS and VES-13. The optimal CFI cutpoints to identify frailty per clinical frailty measure ranged from 0.212 to 0.242, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.37–0.83 and 0.66–0.84, respectively.

Conclusions
Understanding the relationship of CFI and commonly used clinical frailty measures can enhance the interpretability and potential utility of CFI.
Gladstone and Ireland: a financial approach
Authors: Kanter Douglas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article examines William Gladstone’s Irish policy through the prism of his commitment to ‘sound’ finance, a fiscal programme involving low taxation, minimal government expenditure, balanced budgets and free trade. These prescriptions, it argues, served as an unintentional stimulus to Irish nationalism while also encouraging Gladstone’s receptivity to Home Rule, because by the 1880s he had become convinced that the cost of governing Ireland within the framework of the Union was imperilling ‘sound’ finance throughout the United Kingdom. Viewed from the vantage of fiscal policy, it concludes, Gladstone’s approach to Ireland was characterized by ideological rigidity rather than political adaptability.
Diagnostic survey of analytical methods used to determine bone mineralization in pigs
Authors: Williams Hadley R , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Bergstrom Jon R , Rahe Michael C , Siepker Christopher L , Sitthicharoenchai Panchan , Ensley Steve M , Radke Scott L , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPigs from 64 commercial sites across 14 production systems in the Midwest United States were evaluated for baseline biological measurements used to determine bone mineralization. There were three pigs selected from each commercial site representing: 1) a clinically normal pig (healthy), 2) a pig with evidence of clinical lameness (lame), and 3) a pig from a hospital pen that was assumed to have recent low feed intake (unhealthy). Pigs ranged in age from nursery to market weight, with the three pigs sampled from each site representing the same age or phase of production. Blood, urine, metacarpal, fibula, 2nd rib, and 10th rib were collected and analyzed. Each bone was measured for density and ash (defatted and non-defatted technique). A bone × pig type interaction (P &lt; 0.001) was observed for defatted and non-defatted bone ash and density. For defatted bone ash, there were no differences among pig types for the fibulas, 2nd rib, and 10th rib (P &gt; 0.10), but metacarpals from healthy pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) percentage bone ash compared to unhealthy pigs, with the lame pigs intermediate. For non-defatted bone ash, there were no differences among pig types for metacarpals and fibulas (P &gt; 0.10), but unhealthy pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) non-defatted percentage bone ash for 2nd and 10th ribs compared to healthy pigs, with lame pigs intermediate. Healthy and lame pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) bone density than unhealthy pigs for metacarpals and fibulas, with no difference observed for ribs (P &gt; 0.10). Healthy pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) serum Ca and 25(OH)D3 compared to unhealthy pigs, with lame pigs intermediate. Healthy pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) serum P compared to unhealthy and lame pigs, with no differences between the unhealthy and lame pigs. Unhealthy pigs excreted significantly more (P &lt; 0.05) P and creatinine in the urine compared to healthy pigs with lame pigs intermediate. In summary, there are differences in serum Ca, P, and vitamin D among healthy, lame, and unhealthy pigs. Differences in bone mineralization among pig types varied depending on the analytical procedure and bone, with a considerable range in values within pig type across the 14 production systems sampled.
Do perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy predict genitopelvic pain in the postpartum? A prospective study of new mothers
Authors: Dubé Sandrine , Beaulieu Noémie , Bergeron Sophie , Lafontaine Marie-France , Péloquin Katherine , Brault-Labbé Anne , Gosselin Patrick , Brassard Audrey 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Genitopelvic pain following childbirth is common and likely to challenge the psychological, relational, and sexual well-being of new mothers. While genitopelvic pain generally decreases during the postpartum period, personal and interpersonal characteristics may explain why genitopelvic pain persists beyond the period of physical recovery in some mothers. Body image concerns, increased stress, and relationship challenges would be particularly salient during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which could put new mothers at greater risk of sexual difficulties. Also, mothers may display a negative appraisal regarding genitopelvic pain and doubt their ability to cope with it, which may contribute to the pain.

Aim
The current study aimed to examine the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived intimacy in the occurrence and change in genitopelvic pain in new mothers in postpartum.

Methods
A total of 211 new mothers and their partners were recruited for a larger prospective dyadic study on the transition to parenthood.

Outcomes
Mothers completed a single item assessing genitopelvic pain, in addition to brief validated questionnaires measuring perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived couple intimacy during pregnancy and at 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum.

Results
Five multilevel modeling analyses revealed that adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism, and body image concerns were associated with a higher occurrence of genitopelvic pain from 4 to 12 months postpartum. Mothers’ and partners’ perceived intimacy was not significantly related to new mothers’ genitopelvic pain. None of the predictors modified the trajectory of genitopelvic pain over time.

Clinical Implications
Raising awareness among health care professionals regarding the role of perfectionism and body image concerns in genitopelvic pain may help them identify new mothers at risk of chronic genitopelvic pain, while offering a new avenue of intervention.

Strengths and Limitations
There has been little research examining the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy in postpartum genitopelvic pain. Based on a longitudinal prospective approach, this study identified perfectionism and body image concerns as significant predictors of postpartum genitopelvic pain. However, prepregnancy genitopelvic pain, genitopelvic pain intensity, and sexual distress were not measured.

Conclusion
Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and body image concerns are associated with new mothers’ genitopelvic pain up to 12 months postpartum.
Nitric oxide, energy, and redox-dependent responses to hypoxia
Authors: Samant Sanjib Bal , Yadav Nidhi , Swain Jagannath , Joseph Josepheena , Kumari Aprajita , Praveen Afsana , Sahoo Ranjan Kumar , Manjunatha Girigowda , Seth Chandra Shekhar , Singla-Pareek Sneh Lata , Foyer Christine H , Pareek Ashwani , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hypoxia occurs when oxygen levels fall below the levels required for mitochondria to support respiration. Regulated hypoxia is associated with quiescence, particularly in storage organs (seeds) and stem cell niches. In contrast, environmentally induced hypoxia poses significant challenges for metabolically active cells that are adapted to aerobic respiration. The perception of oxygen availability through cysteine oxidases, which function as oxygen-sensing enzymes in plants that control the N-degron pathway, and the regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes and processes is essential to survival. Functioning together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (·NO), nitrogen dioxide (·NO2), S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), and peroxynitrite (ONOO–), hypoxia signaling pathways trigger anatomical adaptations such as formation of aerenchyma, mobilization of sugar reserves for anaerobic germination, formation of aerial adventitious roots, and the hyponastic response. NO and H2O2 participate in local and systemic signaling pathways that facilitate acclimation to changing energetic requirements, controlling glycolytic fermentation, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt, and amino acid synthesis. NO enhances antioxidant capacity and contributes to the recycling of redox equivalents in energy metabolism through the phytoglobin (Pgb)–NO cycle. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the central role of NO and redox regulation in adaptive responses that prevent hypoxia-induced death in challenging conditions such as flooding.
Immune Responses in Discharged COVID-19 Patients With and Without Long COVID Symptoms
Authors: Wang Yeming , Guo Li , Cui Dan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Qiao , Ren Lili , Wang Geng , Zhang Xueyang , Huang Tingxuan , Chen Lan , Huang Lixue , Wang Xinming , Zhong Jinchuan , Wang Ying , Li Hui , Wang Jianwei , Cao Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The immune mechanisms of long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific memory immune responses in discharged COVID-19 patients with and without long COVID symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, we included 1041 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with the original virus strain in Wuhan (China) 12 months after initial infection. We simultaneously conducted a questionnaire survey and collected peripheral blood samples from the participants. Based on the presence or absence of long COVID symptoms during the follow-up period, we divided the patients into 2 groups: a long COVID group comprising 480 individuals and a convalescent group comprising 561 individuals. Both groups underwent virus-specific immunological analyses, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interferon-γ-enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot, and intracellular cytokine staining. At 12 months after infection, 98.5% (1026/1041) of the patients were found to be seropositive and 93.3% (70/75) had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells. The long COVID group had significantly higher levels of receptor binding domain (RBD)–immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, presented as OD450 values, than the convalescent controls (0.40 ± 0.22 vs 0.37 ± 0.20; P = .022). The magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses did not differ significantly between groups, nor did the secretion function of the memory T cells. We did not observe a significant correlation between SARS-CoV-2-IgG and magnitude of memory T cells. This study revealed that long COVID patients had significantly higher levels of RBD-IgG antibodies when compared with convalescent controls. Nevertheless, we did not observe coordinated SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity. As there may be multiple potential causes of long COVID, it is imperative to avoid adopting a “one-size-fits-all” approach to future treatment modalities.
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Linghui , Chen Yubin , Sun Yujing , Zhou Yuqiu , Li Qi , Jia Yannan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
There may be a higher risk of sexual dysfunction in the schizophrenia population. China has made significant contributions to the global community of patients with schizophrenia. Currently, there is no estimation of the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Aim
We conducted a meta-analysis to pool the evaluated prevalence of sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Medical Network, and Huayi Academic Literature Database from inception to September 2023. Meta-analysis was conducted with R version 4.3.1.

Outcomes
To examine the pooled prevalence of sexual dysfunctions among Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Results
In our meta-analysis, we included 16 studies with 5417 participants, among whom 1727 experienced sexual dysfunction. The results of the meta-analysis reveal that the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia is 50.43% (95% CI, 37.86%-62.95%). Subgroup analysis results indicate that various factors—including the specific type of dysfunction, duration of illness, assessment tools, mean ages, study region, gender, research setting, marital status, publication years, and type of antipsychotics—all have a particular impact on the occurrence rate of sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Female patients had a slightly higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction than male patients (65.22% vs 54.84%).

Clinical Implications
The findings of this study can be used in high-quality nursing care for the schizophrenia population, particularly for the care of specific sexual dysfunction nursing.

Strengths and Limitations
This meta-analysis is the first to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in China among patients with schizophrenia. The limited number of studies is the most important limitation.

Conclusions
The pooled prevalence of sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia is relatively high, and the prevention and intervention of individual sexual dysfunctions in schizophrenia are advised.
Edward O. Bixler, PhD: from the Apollo project and chimpanzees to sleep epidemiology
Authors: Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Calhoun Susan L , Bixler Edward O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What an honor to write about Dr. Edward O. Bixler’s contributions to the sleep field. In 1967, Dr. Bixler published a case report on a chimpanzee with implanted brain electrodes while working at an Air Force base in New Mexico. A few years later, in 1971, he published on the sleep effects of flurazepam in individuals with insomnia together with Dr. Anthony Kales, data that he had collected when the Sleep Research & Treatment Center (SRTC) was housed at the University of California Los Angeles. Dr. Bixler, a meticulous scientist, learned from Dr. Kales, a devoted clinician, to study “the whole patient, and all aspects of sleep,” a legacy that continued when the SRTC moved to Penn State in Hershey. Indeed, Dr. Bixler’s tenure at Penn State from 1971 until 2019 kept the science of the SRTC focused on that premise and helped translate scientific evidence into clinical care. He not only contributed early to the pharmacology of sleep and the effects of hypnotics, but he was also a pioneer in “sleep epidemiology.” His “Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area” study of 1979 was the first rigorous epidemiological study on sleep disturbances. Starting in 1990, he established the Penn State Adult Cohort to estimate the prevalence and natural history of sleep-disordered breathing and other sleep disorders in adults. Inspired by life-course epidemiology, he established in 2001 the Penn State Child Cohort to estimate the same phenomena in children. This Living Legend paper captures and highlights Dr. Bixler’s enduring legacy to sleep science.
Rooting Race in Place: Whites’ Racial Learning in Southern Kinds of Places
Authors: Thomas James M , Burdine Madeline , Oakes Erin , Peairs Rhondalyn , Allgood-Crouse Angela M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We draw from 70 in-depth interviews with White southerners to examine their memories of and experiences with learning about race and whiteness. Our emphasis is on place and how it shapes Whites’ racial learning. To date, most research on racial learning centers ethno-racial minority children and their families and emphasizes when racial learning occurs. Less attention is paid to where it takes place. To remedy this, we center Southern kinds of places - those places and the social scenes within them that reflect, extend, and challenge dominant ideas about race and region. We examine three specific scenes - southern homes, southern schools, and southern college campuses - to illustrate how each shapes the racial lessons Whites receive. By bringing into focus the places White southerners draw upon when making sense of race, our research offers an important contribution to our understanding of whiteness and its transmission.
Donor Muse Cell Treatment Without HLA-Matching Tests and Immunosuppressant Treatment
Authors: Minatoguchi Shinya , Fujita Yasuyuki , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Tominaga Teiji , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji , Dezawa Mari 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The strength of stem cell therapy is the regeneration of tissues by synergistic pleiotropic effects. Among many stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are comprised of heterogenous population are widely used for clinical applications with the expectation of pleiotropic bystander effects. Muse cells are pluripotent-like/macrophage-like stem cells distributed in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues as cells positive for the pluripotent surface marker stage-specific-embryonic antigen -3. Muse cells comprise ~1% to several percent of MSCs. While Muse cells and MSCs share several characteristics, such as mesenchymal surface marker expression and their bystander effects, Muse cells exhibit unique characteristics not observed in MSCs. These unique characteristics of Muse cells include selective homing to damaged tissue after intravenous injection rather than being trapped in the lung like MSCs, replacement of a wide range of damaged/apoptotic cells by differentiation through phagocytosis, and long-lasting immunotolerance for donor cell use. In this review, we focus on the basic properties of Muse cells clarified through preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by intravenous injection of donor-Muse cells without HLA-matching tests or immunosuppressant treatment. MSCs are considered to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells, whereas the range of their differentiation has long been debated. Muse cells may provide clues to the wide-ranging differentiation potential of MSCs that are observed with low frequency. Furthermore, the utilization of Muse cells may provide a novel strategy for clinical treatment.
Health Professionals Organizing for Climate Action: A Novel Community Organizing Fellowship
Authors: Basu Gaurab , Stojicic Pedja , Goldman Anna , Shaffer Jonathan , McCormick Danny 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Problem
Climate change is a public health and health equity crisis. Health professionals are well positioned to advance solutions but may lack the training and self-efficacy needed to achieve them.

Approach
The Center for Health Equity Education and Advocacy at Cambridge Health Alliance, a Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, developed a novel, longitudinal fellowship that taught health professionals about health and health equity effects of climate change, as well as community organizing practices that may help them mitigate these effects. The fellowship cohort included 40 fellows organized into 12 teams and was conducted from January to June 2022. Each team developed a project to address climate change and received coaching from an experienced community organizer coach. Effects of the fellowship on participants’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes were evaluated using pre- and postfellowship surveys.

Outcomes
Surveys were analyzed for 38 of 40 (95%) participants who consented to the evaluation and completed both surveys. Surveys used a 7-point Likert scale for item responses. McNemar’s test for paired data was used to assess changes in the proportion of respondents who agreed (“somewhat agree”/“agree”/“strongly agree”) with statements in pre- vs postfellowship surveys. Statistically significant improvements were found for 11 of the 17 items assessing knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Participants’ views of the fellowship and its effects were assessed through additional items in the postfellowship survey. Most respondents agreed that the fellowship increased their knowledge of the connections between climate change and health equity (32/38, 84.2%) and prepared them to effectively participate in a community organizing campaign (37/38, 94.7%). Each of the 12 groups developed climate health projects by the fellowship’s end.

Next Steps
This novel fellowship was well received and effective in teaching community organizing to health professionals concerned about climate change. Future studies are needed to assess longer-term effects of the fellowship.
Z-Drug Use and Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among LGB Populations: The Role of Psychological Distress
Authors: Tardelli Vitor S. , Fidalgo Thiago M. , Martins Silvia S. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Z-drugs (hypnotics such as zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) are sedative medications with misuse liability. The goals of this study are to report the (1) prevalence of past-year any Z-drug use, any BZD use, and any BZD misuse by sexual identity category and psychological distress; (2) associations among these 3 categories between sexual identity and past-year psychological distress; (3) associations among these 3 categories with sexual identity by past-year psychological distress status.

Methods
Data were collected from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (years 2015–2019 [n = 210,392]), a yearly representative national household survey of the American population. We report prevalences of any Z-drug use, any BZD use, and any BZD misuse by sexual identity and past-year psychological distress status. We ran logistic regressions with complex survey design with the 3 dichotomous variables described above as the dependent variables, stratified and not-stratified by psychological distress.

Results
Prevalence of any Z-drug an BZD use and any BZD misuse were higher among LGB (lesbian/gay/bisexual) populations, especially gay men and bisexual women. Psychological distress was positively associated with any Z-drug and BZD use and any BZD misuse. Women were at higher risk of Z-drug (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–1.37) and BZD use (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.55–1.73), but lower risk of BZD misuse (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76–0.88). When stratifying by psychological distress, differences between LGB and heterosexuals were more pronounced among those without past-year psychological distress, especially gay men and bisexual women.

Conclusions
The presence of psychological distress attenuates the disparities between LGB and heterosexual individuals in Z-drug use and BZD use and misuse.