bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roadside surveys support predictions of negligible naturalisation potential for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in north‐east Australia
Authors: ADDISON S J , FARRELL T , ROBERTS G N , ROGERS D J 
Published: May 2007

SummaryA survey of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) volunteers was conducted along the 1400 km of a cottonseed transport route in north‐east Australia to determine the extent of naturalisation from spilt seed. In each year, 1% of the road distance was inspected for volunteer plants. The survey results were juxtaposed with the eco‐climatic suitability predictions from inferential modelling. Over 3 years, 22 cotton plants were found at eight sites. Within the cotton production region, volunteers averaged 2.28 plants km−1 of road; their most likely source was seed cotton spilt during the previous harvest. Further north, three plants were found over 3 years, at an average density of 0.089 plants km−1 of road; all three plants were found in locations with a positive Ecoclimatic Index. No secondary spread was detected. Roadside slashing reduced plant survival and the potential to produce seed. In the wet tropics, weed competition and slashing prevented volunteers establishing. The surveys indicate that roadsides in north‐east Australia are a hostile environment for the establishment of cotton plants, with no evidence of naturalisation or secondary spread. Current transport practices utilizing fully covered loads present negligible risk of producing naturalised populations of cotton (either transgenic or non‐transgenic) on roadsides in north‐east Australia.
Modelling land use strategies to optimise crop production and protection of ecologically important weed species
Authors: MAKOWSKI D , DORE T , GASQUEZ J , MUNIER‐JOLAIN N 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThere is a need to develop farming systems that enable both a satisfactory level of crop production and suitable environmental conditions for natural species. Wildlife‐friendly cropping techniques, such as a reduced amount of applied herbicide or a lower crop density, might be adopted in order to maintain populations of weed species of biological interest. An alternative might be to adopt an intensive cropping system in a part of the field and spare the other part as set‐aside or field margins, available for the natural development of plant species. The objective of this study was to present a method to compare two strategies for maintaining a desirable level of abundance of a given species of interest in agricultural areas, specifically (i) a strategy based on a wildlife‐friendly cropping system in a large cultivated area and (ii) a strategy based on a more intensive cropping system in a reduced area of cultivation, i.e. with land‐sparing. The principle is to calculate the ratio of crop production obtained with strategy (i) to the production obtained with strategy (ii) for a given target density of natural species. We show that the value of this ratio, and thus the relative performance of the two strategies, depends on the density of the weed species that can be maintained in an uncultivated ecological area. The method is applied in case studies of two plant species with contrasting ecology and conservation goals. The numerical results show that the strategy based on a wildlife‐friendly cropping system is more profitable in most situations.
Is dose‐splitting of graminicides as effective as a single application?
Authors: MATHIASSEN S K , RAVN H W , KUDSK P 
Published: May 2007

SummaryDose‐splitting or reduced dose repeat application, i.e. the application of a herbicide twice to the same plant, is likely to become a more common scenario in future, if farmers adopt the use of novel techniques for prediction of herbicide efficacy shortly after application. Fourteen pot experiments were conducted to study whether graminicides applied to annual grass weeds as dose‐splitting treatments were as effective as single applications. The influence of time interval between applications and the ratio of the doses of the two applications were studied. Two statistical approaches were applied: comparison of the ED90 of the single treatments and a joint action model. The study revealed that flupyrsulfuron, iodosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop and glyphosate could be applied as repeat treatments with up to 14 days’ interval between the two applications without loss of activity. In some experiments, particularly with iodosulfuron, dose‐splitting enhanced herbicide performance. By contrast, prosulfocarb responded adversely, most likely due to the pronounced impact of weed growth stage on the activity of this herbicide. The ratio of the doses and the timing between the two applications had no significant influence on herbicide responses. The results of the present studies showed that even if a reduced dose of a graminicide results in an unsatisfactory control and it is necessary to re‐spray, the overall use of herbicide will not increase, if methods are available that can predict the efficacy of a herbicide application within the first 1–2 weeks after application.
Men's interpretations of graphical information in a videotape decision aid1
Authors: Pylar Jan , Wills Celia E. , Lillie Janet , Rovner David R. , Kelly‐Blake Karen , Holmes‐Rovner Margaret 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective  To examine men's interpretations of graphical information types viewed in a high‐quality, previously tested videotape decision aid (DA).Setting, participants, design  A community‐dwelling sample of men >50 years of age (N = 188) balanced by education (college/non‐college) and race (Black/White) were interviewed just following their viewing of a videotape DA. A descriptive study design was used to examine men's interpretations of a representative sample of the types of graphs that were shown in the benign prostatic hyperplasia videotape DA.Main variables studied  Men provided their interpretation of graphs information presented in three formats that varied in complexity: pictograph, line and horizontal bar graph. Audiotape transcripts of men's responses were coded for meaning and content‐related interpretation statements.Results  Men provided both meaning and content‐focused interpretations of the graphs. Accuracy of interpretation was lower than hypothesized on the basis of literature review (85.4% for pictograph, 65.7% for line graph, 47.8% for horizontal bar graph). Accuracy for pictograph and line graphs was associated with education level,  = 3.94, P = 0.047, and  = 7.55, P = 0.006, respectively. Accuracy was uncorrelated with men's reported liking of the graphs,  = 2.00, P = 0.441.Conclusion  While men generally liked the DA, accuracy of graphs interpretation was associated with format complexity and education level. Graphs are often recommended to improve comprehension of information in DAs. However, additional evaluation is needed in experimental and naturalistic observational settings to develop best practice standards for data representation.
Anti‐oxidative/Oxidative Status of Rat Liver After Ovariectomy
Authors: Kankofer M. , Radzki R. P. , Bieńko M. , Albera E. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe lack of protective action of oestrogens which appears during menopausal period may be the reason of serious metabolic disturbances including oxidative stress. The hypothesis was stated that ovariectomy may induce the variations of antioxidant/oxidant status which can be detected in rat liver. A total of 102 healthy Wistar female rats were included in the experiment and divided into control (CON; n = 6), sham‐operated (SHO; n = 48) and ovariectomized (OVX; n = 48) groups. Animals from SHO (n = 6) and OVX (n = 6) groups were killed every week during 8 weeks of experiment to detect dynamic changes in examined parameters. Anti‐oxidative enzyme activities [glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px); superoxide dismutase (SOD)] as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the intensity of lipid peroxidation, measured by the concentration of N,N,diethyl‐p‐phenylene diamine (DEPPD) radical, were determined in liver homogenates by the use of spectrophotometric methods. Wave‐like patterns of examined parameters within 8 weeks of experiment were detected. GSH‐Px activity tended to be higher in OVX animals and was significantly lower at 8th week when compared with 1st week of experiment. SOD activity was higher in SHO animals and showed significant differences between 3rd, 4th, 7th and 1st week. TAC values were significantly higher in OVX when compared with SHO groups in 2nd, 4th, 5th week and significantly lower in 3rd, 6th and 7th week of the experiment. The concentration of DEPPD radicals tended to increase in OVX group. In conclusion, ovariectomy which leads to oestrogen insufficiency is reflected as well in variation of anti‐oxidative/oxidative parameters in rat liver homogenates.
Adenocarcinoma Metastasis of the Intertransversarius Cervicis Muscle Eliciting a Right Forelimb Lameness in a Dog
Authors: Forterre F. , Kaiser S. , Matiasek K. , Brunnberg L. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThis article describes identification of a metastatic adenocarcinoma to the intertransversarius cervicis muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a dog that presented with chronic lameness of the right forelimb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right sided, ovoid signal abnormality within the intertransversarius cervicis muscle lateral to the sixth cervical (C6) vertebra. The lesion was uniform, hyperintense on T2‐ and isointense on T1‐weighted images to muscle and exhibited uniform contrast enhancement on T1‐weighted images. The MRI findings were consistent with a neoplasia. Surgical excision was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was metastatic fibrous adenocarcinoma. The dog recovered rapidly but 6 months post‐operatively he was killed because of lung metastases. Necropsy was declined and the primary tumour could not be identified.
Reference Histology of Veal Calf Genital and Endocrine Tissues – An Update for Screening on Hormonal Growth Promoters
Authors: Groot M. J. , Ossenkoppele J. S. , Bakker R. , Pfaffl M. W. , Meyer H. H. D. , Nielen M. W. F. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryAn animal experiment has been performed with 42 veal calves, 21 males and 21 females, which were fed and housed according to European regulations for veal calves. The animals were kept in six groups of seven animals and fed milk replacer supplemented with three different levels of lactulose (0%, 1% and 3%) and some roughage. At the start of the experiment the animals were 1–3 weeks of age and they were slaughtered at 26 weeks. From male animals prostate, bulbo‐urethal gland and testes were sampled, from female animals Bartholin's gland, uterus, cervix and ovaries were sampled. From all animals thyroid, thymus, adrenals, liver and kidneys were sampled. Histological investigation of the prostates and bulbo‐urethral glands showed normal histology. This means that dilated tubules, strong secretion, increased mucinous glandular tissue and severe hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, as is regularly observed in practice in the Netherlands, were not present in these animals. None of these prostates would be judged as positive in the screening for hormones as is performed by the Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (VWA). The female calves also showed normal histology of Bartholin's gland except for three animals that appeared to be in oestrus and showed some metaplasie of the ducts but with a normal gland to duct ratio. These animals would be judged as suspect. The liver and kidney showed minor alterations due to slight infections during the experimental period. This experiment showed that it is possible to raise veal calves according to the practice without getting positive histology in the prostate or Bartholin's gland.
Comparative Frequency of Osseous Macroscopic Pathology and First Report of Gout in Captive and Wild‐caught Ratites
Authors: Rothschild B. M. , Rühli F. R. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThis systematic survey of museum ratite (Pterocnemia, Rhea, Casuarius, Struthio, Dromias and Apteryx) skeletal collections was performed to reevaluate previous perspectives and assess effect of captivity on macroscopically detectable pathology. Trauma‐related pathology (e.g. focal periosteal reaction, malformed vertebrae) was significantly more common in captive birds (χ2 = 13.414, P < 0.0001) with variable timing of the different injuries. Pathology unrelated to trauma was equally represented in captive and wild‐caught ratites. The latter included osteophytes of osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, infectious arthritis, gout (reported for the first time in a ratite) and neoplasia.
Life cycle of Marphysa sanguinea (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) in the Venice Lagoon (Italy)
Authors: Prevedelli Daniela , Massamba N'Siala Gloria , Ansaloni Ivano , Simonini Roberto 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe life cycle of a brackish water population of Marphysa sanguinea (Polychaeta Eunicidae), from the Venice Lagoon (Italy), was investigated from April 1993 to August 1994. Marphysa sanguinea is a large‐sized gonochoric species with annual iteroparous strategy and synchronous spawning at population level. The sex‐ratio was close to 1:1. There were no morphological differences between males and females and spawning occurred without epitokal metamorphosis. The gonadial activity was maximum during summer period in both sexes. From May to September in the females, the greater number of immature oocytes could be observed; starting from November immature oocytes decreased and progressively those with a wider diameter increased in number. Spawning took place in April–May and generally not all eggs were spawned, a small proportion being kept as a reserve material for the following gamete production. The pelagic phase (trochophore and metatrochophore stages) was short (2–3 days). The reduction in the dispersal phase, together with the development of a strong anterior musculature, brought to an early acquisition of the benthic habit, which was attained with the construction of the mucous tube inside of which the larva lived. The results highlighted that colonization of brackish environments took place thanks to morphological and physiological features that allow this species to live in a sediment layer characterized by the stability of the physical and chemical characteristics of the substratum.
From small scales to the big picture: persistence mechanisms of planktonic grazers in the oligotrophic ocean
Authors: Paffenhöfer Gustav‐Adolf , Sherr Barry F. , Sherr Evelyn B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this review we evaluate whether universal behavioral and metabolic mechanisms exist, which permit marine proto‐ and metazooplankton to persist in continuously food‐limited environments such as the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and other oligotrophic ocean systems. We re‐visit the issue of what processes account for low steady‐state abundance of the dominant groups of planktonic grazers: phagotrophic protists and copepods, by examining evidence for the four processes proposed by Strom et al. (2000): grazing thresholds, behavioral response to prey patchiness, top–down control of grazers, and mixotrophy (combination of photosynthesis and phagotrophy in protists) and/or omnivory (switching between alternate prey types). Published observations reveal that grazing thresholds, below which feeders reduce their feeding efforts and, with that, their metabolic expenditures, do exist. There are also studies suggesting that both protistan and small metazoan plankton feeders may take advantage of patchiness of food particles and are frequently mixotrophic and/or omnivorous. Predator patchiness in response to prey patches may facilitate top–down control of grazers. Finally, we discuss processes, which may lead to low quasi steady‐state abundances of food particles and feeders.
Solar keratosis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation and treatment
Authors: Holmes Cara , Foley Peter , Freeman Michael , Chong Alvin H 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYSolar keratosis is a common problem encountered by dermatologists, particularly in Australia. Solar keratosis is most commonly found on sun‐exposed areas such as the scalp, face and forearms. UV radiation is thought to be the major aetiological factor, with age, immunosuppression and human papillomavirus being important contributing factors. Solar keratosis usually presents as a discrete, variably erythematous and irregular lesion with a scaly surface. Although the exact rate of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma is unknown, the majority of squamous cell carcinomas appear to arise from within solar keratosis. For this reason, solar keratosis is commonly treated and, consequently, an increasing number of therapeutic options is now available. Traditional therapies, such as liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, are still popular, but newer choices, such as photodynamic therapy and imiquimod cream, are now providing further options with similar efficacy and superior adverse effect profiles, albeit at a higher cost.
Prospective study to assess general practitioners' dermatological diagnostic skills in a referral setting
Authors: Moreno Gilberto , Tran Hue , Chia Alvin LK , Lim Adrian , Shumack Stephen 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYA prospective study was conducted to assess general practitioners' diagnostic skills in a referral setting. The primary objective was to identify general practitioners' strengths and weaknesses in diagnosing a broad spectrum of skin conditions. The diagnoses of 315 skin conditions made by 165 general practitioners were compared with a reference standard. The reference standard was made up of 73 histopathological diagnoses, 119 dermatologists' clinical diagnoses and 123 dermatologists' diagnoses plus follow up. The diagnoses assigned by referring general practitioners were consistent with dermatologists' clinical diagnoses and histology (where available) in 57% of cases. General practitioners made the correct diagnosis in 44% of cases when compared with histopathology. General practitioners were generally good at diagnosing conditions such as acne, warts, rosacea, molluscum contagiosum, vitiligo and skin tags. The proportion of correct diagnoses for premalignant and malignant skin tumours was 47%, and that of skin rashes requiring a diagnosis was 44%. Further education of general practitioners would help to improve their diagnostic skills in certain skin conditions.
Microsporum canis: Report of a primary school outbreak
Authors: Grills Claire E , Bryan Paul L , O'Moore Eammon , Venning Vanessa A 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARY Microsporum canis is the causative organism in less than 10% of all tinea capitis infections in the UK. Transmission is generally via contact with an infected family pet and there are only rare reports of case clustering. This article describes an outbreak of M. canis in a primary school classroom demonstrating human‐to‐human spread from an index case who was presumed to have acquired the infection prior to arriving in the UK. There was no suggestion of clinical improvement following 4 weeks of oral terbinafine 125 mg daily and treatment was changed to griseofulvin. The Health Protection team screened class members and confirmed cases (either clinically or mycologically) were also treated with griseofulvin 10–20 mg/kg/day for 10 weeks. Classmates and siblings of classmates were recommended to use selenium sulphide or ketoconazole‐containing shampoo twice weekly.
Lichen striatus following solarium exposure
Authors: Ciconte Antoinette , Bekhor Philip 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYTwo cases of lichen striatus occurring after solarium exposure are presented. Both patients were adult females who regularly attended a solarium prior to the development of their skin lesions. A 19‐year‐old woman attended the solarium twice weekly for 8 weeks prior to the appearance of lichen striatus on the chest and epigastrium. The condition resolved completely with the twice daily application of calcipotriol ointment for 6 months. The second patient, a 40‐year‐old woman, attended the solarium once weekly for 3 months before lichen striatus developed on the abdomen. She was treated with clobetasol propionate ointment, calcipotriol ointment and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and the eruption cleared 7 months after onset. The histopathological picture in both patients supported a diagnosis of lichen striatus.
Iododerma following sitz bath with povidone‐iodine
Authors: Aydıngöz İkbal E , Göktay Fatih , Serdar Zehra A , Yaşar Şirin , Aslan Canan 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYA 50‐year‐old man developed numerous pustules and bullae on the trunk and limbs 15 days after anal fissure surgery. The clinicopathological diagnosis was iododerma induced by topical povidone‐iodine sitz baths postoperatively. Complete resolution occurred within 3 weeks using systemic corticosteroids and forced diuresis.
Unusual case of lymphoedema in a morbidly obese patient
Authors: Weston Stephanie , Clay Christopher D 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYA morbidly obese 57‐year‐old woman presented with dermatological complications of obesity including cellulitis and severe localized lymphoedema of the right leg. There were two large pedunculated masses on the right lateral thigh with early involvement of the left and overlying skin changes of chronic lymphoedema. Our patient's condition is clinically consistent with a new entity recently described in the surgical pathology literature as massive localized lymphoedema.
Corn contact urticaria in a nurse
Authors: Liu Wendy , Nixon Rosemary L 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYA 33‐year‐old nurse presented with persistent hand dermatitis. Radioallergosorbent tests showed moderate to strong reactions to latex, avocado and banana. Despite avoidance of latex gloves, she failed to improve. Patch testing was negative. Prick testing showed a negative reaction to latex, but a strong reaction to corn, with relevance to cornstarch powder present in many medical examination gloves. She was diagnosed with corn contact urticaria, irritant contact dermatitis and type I hypersensitivity to latex fruits.
Inhibition of sympathetic pathways restores postoperative ileus in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Fukuda Hiroyuki , Tsuchida Daisuke , Koda Keiji , Miyazaki Masaru , Pappas Theodore N , Takahashi Toku 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Postoperative ileus (POI) is a transient bowel dysmotility following abdominal surgery. The effects of adrenergic blocking agents and celiac ganglionectomy were studied in rats to investigate the possible involvement of the adrenergic pathway in whole gastrointestinal (GI) transit in the early and late phases of POI.Methods:  After laparotomy, the terminal ileum was manipulated for 10 min. 51Cr was administered into the stomach or colon immediately after surgery. In another group, 51Cr was administered 24 h after surgery. Three hours after 51Cr was administered, the rats were killed, and GI and colonic transit was calculated as a geometric center (GC).Results:  Gastrointestinal transit was significantly delayed 3 h after intestinal manipulation, compared with GI transit in rats that had anesthesia only. Three hours after intestinal manipulation, guanethidine (5 mg/kg) and yohimbine (3 mg/kg) significantly improved delayed GI transit. Celiac ganglionectomy also significantly improved delayed GI transit. Twenty‐seven hours after intestinal manipulation, guanethidine, yohimbine and celiac ganglionectomy improved delayed GI transit induced by intestinal manipulation. Colonic transit was delayed 3 h after intestinal manipulation, and delayed colonic transit was partially restored within 27 h of intestinal manipulation. Guanethidine, yohimbine and celiac ganglionectomy improved delayed colonic transit 3 h and 27 h after intestinal manipulation.Conclusions:  Adrenoceptors activated by intestinal manipulation impair the motility of the entire GI tract in both the early and the late phase of POI.