bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiatherogenic property of triterpenoids‐enriched extract from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Zhang Qin , Chang Zai , Yang Jie , Wang Qiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the antiatherogenic activity and the chemical constituents of a triterpenoids‐enriched extract from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The extract displayed a significant, dose‐responsive antiatherogenic effect on LDLR−/− mice after a 24‐week application in a daily dose 50, 100, 200, 1000 mg/kg, respectively. Pronounced systemic inflammation and cutaneous xanthomatosis inhibition effects of the extract, combined with hypocholesteremic and plaque stable properties, were shown in this study. At 200 mg/kg in the high dose treated group, the percent inhibitions of two inflammatory markers in serum, CRP and MCP‐1, were 47.6 ± 4.2% and 36.8 ± 5.0%, and significant reductions in aortic atherosclerotic lesion areas were 62.3 ± 3.9% (en face) and 77.8 ± 3.1% (cross section) compared with the model group. No abnormal behavior or lethality were observed with the extract up to 1000 mg/kg. Fifteen triterpenoids were separated and identified from the extract. This study provided new evidence of the antiatherogenic property of S. miltiorrhiza correlated with triterpenoids by an antiinflammatory mechanism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metrological evaluation of signal formation in CD‐SEM—a quantitative computer simulation
Authors: Iyasu Takeshi , Kimura Yoshihide , Anazawa Norimichi , Shimizu Ryuichi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent progress in the study of secondary electron (SE) emission has enabled the secondary yields to be evaluated quantitatively for major part of material of practical interest, inorganic, and metrological substances.1We have been involved in the development of quantitative computer‐simulation program to provide precise knowledge of SE‐signal formation in CD‐SEM (critical dimension scanning electron microscopy) by using the database on (k, α), describing the SE yield by

where (dE/dz)Ep is the energy dissipation in‐depth to be derived from Monte Carlo simulation for an incident electron of primary energy Ep.This approach allows for the precise assessment of the edge positions of a mask pattern from the experimental δ profile. Applying different thicknesses of Cr to the mask pattern, Cr/SiO2, we obtained a calibration curve between the real position of Cr‐pattern edge and peak position of a theoretical δ‐profile to be measured with CD‐SEM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the resource‐based and relational views: knowledge transfer and spillover in vertical alliances
Authors: Mesquita Luiz F. , Anand Jaideep , Brush Thomas H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe compare resource‐based and relational perspectives to examine competitive advantages within the context of vertical learning alliances. Previous research has shown that through such alliances suppliers acquire knowledge to forge new capabilities and attain performance improvements. We ask whether such improvements are exclusive to the learning partnership, or are available in other average partnerships of this supplier. We posit that the extent to which such performance improvements are partnership exclusive depends on whether the newly forged capabilities lie entirely within the supplier firm's boundaries, or at the learning dyad level. As such, we untie two forms of performance improvements arising from learning dyads. While the resource‐based view helps explain the performance gains learning suppliers deploy across average partners, the relational view reveals the additional performance edge that remains exclusive to the learning partnership. Based on empirical evidence from a survey of 253 suppliers to the equipment industry, we find that partnership exclusive performance (i.e., ‘relational performance’), the true source of learning dyads' competitive advantage, is a function of suppliers acquiring know‐how within the dyad, developing dyad‐specific assets and capabilities, and structuring buyer‐supplier relational governance mechanisms. We discuss implications for research and practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey and evaluation of tool features for understanding reverse‐engineered sequence diagrams
Authors: Bennett C. , Myers D. , Storey M.‐A. , German D. M. , Ouellet D. , Salois M. , Charland P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSequence diagrams can be valuable aids to software understanding. However, they can be extremely large and hard to understand in spite of using modern tool support. Consequently, providing the right set of tool features is important if the tools are to help rather than hinder the user. This paper surveys research and commercial sequence diagram tools to determine the features they provide to support program understanding. Although there has been significant effort in developing these tools, many of them have not been evaluated using human subjects. To begin to address this gap, a preliminary study was performed with a specially designed sequence diagram tool that implements the features found during the survey. On the basis of an analysis of the study results, we discuss the features that were found to be useful and relate these to the tasks performed. It concludes by proposing how future tools can be improved to better support the exploration of large sequence diagrams. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metadecision making: rehabilitating interdisciplinarity in the decision sciences
Authors: Matthews David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn his bookMetadecisions: Rehabilitating Epistemology, van Gigch makes the case for an expanded decision science. The aim of this paper is to continue the project which van Gigch initiated by first considering the limitations of the dominant ‘mathematical’ approach to the decision sciences and then rehabilitating the initial interdisciplinarity of the field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication praxis for ethical accountability: the ethics of the Tree of Action: dialogue and breaking down the wall in Cyprus
Authors: Laouris Y. , Laouri R. , Christakis Aleco 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes the thesis that it is unethical to plan an action for social change without excavating the knowledge and wisdom of the people who are responsible for implementing the plans of action and the people whose lives will be affected. But the people, being immersed in contemporary complexity, do not know what they know until they know it as a consensus emerging from structured dialogue among a group which represents all stakeholders. We argue that the science of dialogic design may be used to achieve such an emergence. As a consequence, it satisfies the Özbekhan Axiom of Engagement and the Laouris Law of Requisite Action. The paper elaborates for the first time on the ethics of the ‘Tree of Action’, which some stakeholders participating in co‐laboratories have called the ‘Tree of Life’. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication on the paper ‘‘A reference‐dependent regret model for deterministic tradeoff studies’’
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Triantaphyllou Evangelos , Kujawski Edouard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis communication focuses on a fundamental problem related to the recently introduced Reference‐Dependent Regret Model (RDRM) [E. Kujawski, Syst Eng 8(2) (2005), 119– 137] for deterministic multi‐criteria decision‐making. Kujawski asserted that the RDRM model satisfies three properties. The first of these properties, referred to as the ‘‘independence of dominated alternatives,’’ seems to be an intuitive one. According to this property, the RDRM model preserves the ranking of two alternatives Ai and Aj with ranking Ai>Aj when a new alternative dominated by Ai is introduced or an old alternative dominated by Aj is dropped. In this communication it is demonstrated algebraically and also by means of a numerical example that the RDRM model may fail to satisfy this property. The implication is that when the concepts of regret and/or rejoicing are considered and defined in terms of all the available alternatives in accordance with the RDRM, adding or dropping a dominated alternative can change the ranking of the alternatives and violate the independence of dominated alternatives property. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng.
Effect of hydrated fillers and red phosphorus on the limiting oxygen index of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl actate)‐poly(vinyl butyral) and low density polyethylene‐poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) blends
Authors: Burns Mara , Wagenknecht Udo , Kretzschmar Berndt , Focke Walter W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of EVA‐PVB and low density polyethylene (LDPE)‐poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) polymer blends containing hydrated filler‐type flame retardants and red phosphorus were measured. When used as the sole flame retardant, magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and alumina trihydrate (ATH) performed best in EVA and PVB, respectively. Magnesium hydroxide addition had a limited effect on the LOI of plasticized PVB, and addition of red phosphorus made little difference. This result is attributed to a mismatch between the decomposition temperature of Mg(OH)2 and the temperature at which the PVB plasticizer vaporizes. Otherwise, low‐level addition of red phosphorus significantly improved LOI values. The presence of hydroxyl groups on the polymer backbone had a beneficial effect with respect to LOI values in ATH‐filled blends. An LOI value of 30 was achieved in EVOH with as little as 32% of ATH and 3% of red phosphorus. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prevention of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Nobuoka Daisuke , Gotohda Naoto , Konishi Masaru , Nakagohri Toshio , Takahashi Shinichiro , Kinoshita Taira 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic fistula (PF) is still one of the serious complications after total gastrectomy (TG). The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for PF after TG and to evaluate our attempts to prevent PF.MethodsFrom August 1992 to July 2006, 740 consecutive patients with gastric neoplasm underwent TG at the National Cancer Center Hospital East. Univariate and multivariate analyses of potential risk factors for the development of PF and the effectiveness of operative procedures to prevent PF were performed.ResultsPostoperative PF was identified in 130 patients (18%). On multivariate analysis, body mass index (P < 0.001) and the operative procedure (TG with pancreaticosplenectomy) (P = 0.001) were independent risk factors. In TG with splenectomy (pancreas‐preserving method), total preservation of the splenic artery was significantly correlated with a lower incidence of PF (P < 0.001). In TG with pancreaticosplenectomy, the use of a linear stapling device was an effective surgical technique for closure of the cut end of the pancreas, but there was no significant difference from conventional methods. Recently, the incidence decreased significantly for TG overall and TG with splenectomy.ConclusionsPF after TG is more likely to occur in obese patients undergoing TG with pancreaticosplenectomy. When TG with splenectomy (pancreas‐preserving method) is performed, the splenic artery should be totally preserved. If TG with pancreaticosplenectomy is performed, the use of a linear stapling device for closure of the cut end of the pancreas should be suggested. These improvements in surgical techniques are useful to prevent PF.
Applications of quantum cascade lasers for sensitive trace gas measurements of CO, CH4, N2O and HCHO
Authors: Schiller C.L. , Bozem H. , Gurk C. , Parchatka U. , Königstedt R. , Harris G.W. , Lelieveld J. , Fischer H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe here a sensitive quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) employed for aircraft based measurements during the GABRIEL 2005 and HOOVER 2006 and 2007 campaigns. This 3-channel instrument measures CO, HCHO, CH4 and N2O using a 64-m path double corner cube White cell. Performance of the instrument was examined for the four species and precisions for CO, N2O and CH4 were measured in the field to be 0.5, 0.5 and 0.7% respectively (2σ). The 1σ detection limit for HCHO was ∼500 pptv for a 2 s average, while signal averaging of the HCHO over a 2 min time interval resulted in a 150 pptv detection limit with a duty cycle of 60%.
HDL Composition Regulates Displacement of Cell Surface‐Bound Hepatic Lipase
Authors: Rouhani Naghmeh , Young Elizabeth , Chatterjee Cynthia , Sparks Daniel L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHDL is able to displace cell surface‐bound hepatic lipase (HL) and stimulate vascular triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis, much like heparin. Displacement appears to be a result of a high‐affinity association of HL and apoA‐I. HDL varies in its ability to displace HL, and therefore experiments were undertaken to evaluate the impact of HDL composition and structure on HL displacement from cell surface proteoglycans. HDL apolipoprotein and lipid composition directly affect HL displacement. ApoA‐II and apoC‐I significantly increase HL displacement from the cell surface. While changes in HDL cholesteryl ester and fatty acid content have no effect on HL displacement, increases in HDL phospholipid and TG content significantly inhibit HL displacement. HDL fractions from hyperlipidemic patients are unable to displace HL from the cell surface. These results indicate that the structure and composition of HDL particles in plasma are central to regulation of HL displacement and the hydrolytic activity of HL.
An optimal partial regularity result for minimizers of an intrinsically defined second-order functional
Authors: Scheven Christoph 
Published: July 2008

For a compact Riemannian manifold

N

and a domain

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{m}

, we consider the intrinsic bi-energy

\mathcal{E}_{2}(u): = \int \limits_{\Omega }|\mathrm{∇}Du|^{2}\:dx

for maps

u\::\Omega \rightarrow N

. We prove that the minimizers of

\mathcal{E}_{2}

constructed by R. Moser satisfy

u∊W_{\mathrm{loc}}^{2,2}(\Omega ,N)

. Furthermore, we apply a dimension reduction argument in order to show

\mathcal{H}\text{-}\mathrm{\dim }(\mathrm{\sin g}(u))⩽m−5

for all minimizers

u∊W^{2,2}(\Omega ,N)

of the functional

\mathcal{E}_{2}

. This result is optimal since we show that the map

u_{0}\::B^{m}\rightarrow S^{m−1}

,

x\mapsto \frac{x}{|x|}

minimizes

\mathcal{E}_{2}

in its Dirichlet class for

m⩾5

.

Résumé

Pour une variété riemanienne compacte et un domaine

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{m}

, nous considérons la bi-énergie intrinsèque

\mathcal{E}_{2}(u): = \int \limits_{\Omega }|\mathrm{∇}Du|^{2}\:dx

pour les applications

u\::\Omega \rightarrow N

. Nous démontrons que les minimiseurs de

\mathcal{E}_{2}

construée par R. Moser satisfont

u∊W_{\mathrm{loc}}^{2,2}(\Omega ,N)

. En outre, nous utilisons une méthode de réduction de la dimension pour prouver

\mathcal{H}\text{-}\mathrm{\dim }(\mathrm{\sin g}(u))⩽m−5

pour tout minimiseur

u∊W^{2,2}(\Omega ,N)

de la fonctionnelle

\mathcal{E}_{2}

. Ce résultat est optimal parce que nous démontrons que l'application

u_{0}\::B^{m}\rightarrow S^{m−1}

,

x\mapsto \frac{x}{|x|}

minimise

\mathcal{E}_{2}

dans sa classe de Dirichlet pour

m⩾5

.
Molecular imaging reveals a correlation between 2′‐CH3‐MPTP‐induced neonatal neurotoxicity and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in adult transgenic mice
Authors: Ho Gideon , Kumar Saravana , Zhang Chunyan , Kng Yin Ling , Zhuo Lang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe previously reported that a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the neurotoxicant, 1‐methyl‐4‐(2′‐methylphenyl)‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine or 2′‐CH3‐MPTP, to postnatal day 4 (PD4) mice caused acute and transient gliosis in the brain, which can be noninvasively monitored during a course of 8 h immediately after the dosing [Ho, G., Zhang, C.Y., Zhuo, L., 2007. Non‐invasive fluorescent imaging of gliosis in transgenic mice for profiling developmental neurotoxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 221, 76–85]. In the current study, we examined the consequence of PD4 mice receiving multiple injections (4 × 8 mg/kg, s.c. in 2 h intervals) of the same neurotoxicant 24–72 h after the last injection. Here we showed that the multiple dosing scheme (with a higher cumulative dose) triggered a severe gliosis not only in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but also in hippocampus and cerebellum when examined by noninvasive in vivo imaging and by immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, in the PD5 to PD7 mice. When neonates treated with the neurotoxicant at PD4 were allowed to develop to 10 weeks of age and examined with IHC, a majority of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons were found to be permanently depleted from the adult SNpc. Our findings suggest that neurotoxicant‐elicited neonatal gliosis can be used as an early molecular signature to predict the permanent loss of DA neurons in the developed brain. Since 2′‐CH3‐MPTP is an inducer of Parkinsonism in mice, the molecular imaging method described here is a relatively simple and powerful tool for longitudinally studying the developmental aspect of Parkinsonism.
Prediction of autistic disorder using neuro fuzzy system by applying ANN technique
Authors: Arthi K. , Tamilarasi A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe major challenge in medical field is to diagnose disorder rather than a disease. In this paper, a neuro fuzzy based model is designed for identification or diagnosis of autism. The problematic areas are gathered from every individual and the related linguistic inputs are converted into fuzzy input values which are in turn given as input to feed forward multilayer neural network. The network is trained using back propagation training algorithm and tested for its performance with the expertise.
Recent trends and patterns in fertility in Australia
Authors: Borrie W. D. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe fall in the birth rate in Australia, from 23·6 per 1000 population in 1946 to 19·4 in 1967 is analysed according to various biosocial factors: the age composition of the female population and the age incidence of marriage in relation to it, the timing of births, the size of completed family and the overall effect of the variables.
Do Child Welfare Clinics Influence Growth?
Authors: Desai Patricia , Clarke Leotta M. , Heron Catherine E. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryChild welfare clinics established in a rural Jamaican community for research purposes are described. These special clinics were able to devote more resources to the care of their children than is usual, yet the growth and health of these children were very similar to those in another group to whom this service was not available and who attended routine government welfare clinics only infrequently.
Non-Marital Pregnancies in Australia since 1947
Authors: Ruzicka L. T. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn this paper, non-marital pregnancies are defined as the sum of ex-nuptial confinements and the first nuptial confinements delivered within the first 8 months of marriage. Analysis is based on the annual statistics of live births, marriages and female non-married population as enumerated in the 1947–71 censuses. The incidence of non-marital pregnancies increased significantly in Australia between 1947 and 1971. This was found to be mainly due to rising ex-nuptial fertility rates, and, to a much lesser extent, to increased frequency of pre-marital pregnancies. A lesser proportion of pregnant non-married women were married before delivery in 1971 than in 1947. Some of the social implications are discussed.
Recent Trends in Teenage Pregnancy in England and Wales
Authors: Teper Sue 
Published: July 2008

SummaryData published annually by the Registrar General for England and Wales indicate that over the past 10 years the numbers of births—and, since 1968, of legal therapeutic abortions—to teenagers have increased substantially. During much of the same period the fertility of older women declined. This paper examines the recent demographic trends in teenage pregnancy, and compares the fertility of these teenagers with that of older women.
Sex Ratios in Large Sibships, in the Presence of Twins and in Jewish Sibships
Authors: James William H. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIt is argued that the author's hypothesis relating timing of insemination (and hence coital rate) to the sex ratio of the resulting children is supported by the available data on the variation of sex ratio with (1) sibship size, (2) the presence of twin sibs, and (3) parental adherence to the Jewish faith.
Nursing Practices and Lactation Amenorrhoea
Authors: Elias Marjorie F. , Teas Jane , Johnston Johanna , Bora Carolyn 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe study examines the effects of nursing practices on the duration of lactation in middle-class American women. Thirty-two nursing mothers were followed for 2 years post-partum, data being collected at eight home visits by interview and by nursing records kept by the mothers. Those women who nursed frequently (>8/day) during exclusive breastfeeding remained amenorrhoeic longer than infrequent nursers, introduced supplements later and did not resume menses as promptly thereafter. They continued an hour or more of night nursing during supplemented nursing. Duration of exclusive nursing and night nursing after supplementation were the major influences on duration of amenorrhoea. Mothers' age, weight-for-height, and nursing frequency before supplementation showed no significant effect but night nursing after supplementation was a major factor in post-supplementation duration of amenorrhoea. Those women who both supplemented later and maintained an hour of night nursing after supplementing remained amenorrhoeic for 6–10 months longer than those who supplemented early and/or reduced subsequent night nursing.
Characteristics of Users of Traditional Contraceptive Methods in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir M. , Uddin M. M. , Chowdhury S. R. , Ahmed T. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe 1981 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey found that 55% of ever-married women had some knowledge of traditional methods of contraception and the overall level of ever use was 23%. There was a positive relationship between use and socioeconomic variables. Current use of traditional methods at 7·7% was only slightly below the figure for modern methods (10·9%). It is suggested that traditional methods still have an important role in family planning and that this should not be disregarded.
Canadian Fertility Trends in Perspective
Authors: Needleman Lionel 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThis paper examines the broad movements of Canadian period and cohort fertility over the last hundred years or so, and compares them with corresponding trends in the United States and other industrialized countries. The main movement in Canada was a decline in fertility extending from the nineteenth century to the present time, interrupted in the 1940s and 1950s by a ‘baby boom’. The long decline in cohort fertility is largely explained by the decrease in the proportions of families of six or more children. This decrease continued during the baby boom, but in these years was more than offset, though not for Catholics, by the effects of increases in the proportions of families with three, four, and five children.