bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The similiarity of facial expressions in response to emotion-inducing films in reared-apart twins
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Halberstadt L. J. , Butera F. , Myers J. , Bouchard T. , Ekman P. 
Published: October 2007

BackgroundWhile the role of genetic factors in self-report measures of emotion has been frequently studied, we know little about the degree to which genetic factors influence emotional facial expressions.MethodTwenty-eight pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart were shown three emotion-inducing films and their facial responses recorded. These recordings were blindly scored by trained raters. Ranked correlations between twins were calculated controlling for age and sex.ResultsTwin pairs were significantly correlated for facial expressions of general positive emotions, happiness, surprise and anger, but not for general negative emotions, sadness, or disgust or average emotional intensity. MZ pairs (n=18) were more correlated than DZ pairs (n=10) for most but not all emotional expressions.ConclusionsSince these twin pairs had minimal contact with each other prior to testing, these results support significant genetic effects on the facial display of at least some human emotions in response to standardized stimuli. The small sample size resulted in estimated twin correlations with very wide confidence intervals.
Rural environments reduce the genetic influence on adolescent substance use and rule-breaking behavior
Authors: Legrand L. N. , Keyes M. , McGue M. , Iacono W. G. , Krueger R. F. 
Published: October 2007

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that certain environmental factors can modify genetic effects. This is an important area of investigation as such work will help to guide the development of new intervention programs. In this paper, we address whether rural environments moderate the genetic influence on adolescent substance use and rule-breaking behavior (i.e. externalizing psychopathology).MethodOver 1200 Minnesotan 17-year-old twins were classified as either urban or rural. Externalizing behavior was operationalized as the use and abuse of alcohol and drugs along with symptoms of conduct, oppositional defiant, and antisocial personality disorders. Biometric factor modeling estimated whether the relative contribution of genetic and shared environmental factors varied from urban to rural settings.ResultsResidency effects reached statistical significance in the male sample only. In urban environments, externalizing behavior was substantially influenced by genetic factors, but in rural environments, shared environmental factors became more influential. This was apparent at both the individual-variable and factor levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a gene–environment interaction in the development of male adolescents' problem behaviors, including substance use. The results fit within an expanding literature demonstrating both the contextual nature of the heritability statistic and how certain environments may constrain the expression of genetic tendencies.
A meta-analysis of randomized trials of behavioural treatment of depression
Authors: Ekers D. , Richards D. , Gilbody S. 
Published: October 2007

BackgroundDepression is a common, disabling condition for which psychological treatments, in particular cognitive behavioural therapies are recommended. Promising results in recent randomized trials have renewed interest in behavioural therapy. This systematic review sought to identify all randomized trials of behavioural therapy for depression, determine the effect of such interventions and examine any moderators of such effect.MethodRandomized trials of behavioural treatments of depression versus controls or other psychotherapies were identified using electronic database searches, previous reviews and reference lists. Data on symptom-level, recovery/dropout rate and study-level moderators (study quality, number of sessions, severity and level of training) were extracted and analysed using meta-analysis and meta-regression respectively.ResultsSeventeen randomized controlled trials including 1109 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis of symptom-level post-treatment showed behavioural therapies were superior to controls [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.70, 95% CI −1.00 to −0.39, k=12, n=459], brief psychotherapy (SMD −0.56, 95% CI −1.0 to −0.12, k=3, n=166), supportive therapy (SMD −0.75, 95% CI −1.37 to −0.14, k=2, n=45) and equal to cognitive behavioural therapy (SMD 0.08, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.30, k=12, n=476).ConclusionsThe results in this study indicate behavioural therapy is an effective treatment for depression with outcomes equal to that of the current recommended psychological intervention. Future research needs to address issues of parsimony of such interventions.
The molecular pathogenesis of Paget disease of bone
Authors: Layfield Robert 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPaget disease of bone (PDB) is a condition characterised by increased bone remodelling at discrete lesions throughout the skeleton. The primary cellular abnormality in PDB involves a net increase in the activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, with a secondary increase in bone-forming osteoblast activity. Genetic factors are known to play an important role, with mutations affecting different components of the RANK–NF-κB signalling pathway having been identified in patients with PDB and related disorders. Whilst the disease mechanism in these cases is likely to involve aberrant RANK-mediated osteoclast NF-κB signalling, the precise relationship between other potential contributors, such as viruses and environmental factors, and the molecular pathogenesis of PDB is less clear. This review considers the roles of these different factors in PDB, and concludes that a fuller understanding of their contributions to disease aetiology is likely to be central to future advances in the clinical management of this debilitating skeletal disorder.
Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of LMWHs in venous thrombosis and stroke in neonates, infants and children
Authors: Nowak‐Göttl U , Bidlingmaier C , Krümpel A , Göttl L , Kenet G 
Published: October 2007

Since the early nineties it has been shown that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has significant advantages over unfractionated heparin and oral anticoagulants for both the treatment and the prevention of thrombosis, not only in adults, but also in children. The present review was based on an ‘EMBASE’, ‘Medline’ and ‘PubMed’ search including literature published in any language since 1980 on LMWH in neonates, infants and children. It included paediatric pharmacokinetic studies, the use of LMWH in children with venous thrombosis, LMWH administration in paediatric patients with ischaemic stroke, and its use in order to prevent symptomatic thromboembolism in children at risk. An increasing rate of off‐label use of LMWH in children has been reported, showing that LMWHs offer important benefits to children with symptomatic thromboembolic events and poor venous access. Two well‐conducted pharmacokinetic studies in this age group showed that neonates and younger infants require higher LMWH doses than older children to achieve the targeted anti‐Xa levels, due to an increased extra vascular clearance. Recurrent symptomatic thromboses under LMWH occur in approximately 4% of children treated for venous thrombosis, and in 7% of children treated for stroke; major bleed was documented in 3% of children with therapeutic target LMWH anti‐Xa levels, whereas minor bleeding was reported in approximately 23% of children receiving either therapeutic or prophylactic doses, respectively. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to evaluate the optimum duration and application for different LMWH indications in children.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 1120–1127; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707447; published online 1 October 2007
Thiazolidinediones: effects on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system
Authors: Quinn C E , Hamilton P K , Lockhart C J , McVeigh G E 
Published: October 2007

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been used for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes for the past 10 years. They may delay the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk of developing the condition, and have been shown to have potentially beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. TZDs act as agonists of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) primarily in adipose tissue. PPAR‐γ receptor activation by TZDs improves insulin sensitivity by promoting fatty acid uptake into adipose tissue, increasing production of adiponectin and reducing levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1(PAI‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Clinically, TZDs have been shown to reduce measures of atherosclerosis such as carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT). However, in spite of beneficial effects on markers of cardiovascular risk, TZDs have not been definitively shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients, and the safety of rosiglitazone in this respect has recently been called into question. Dual PPAR‐α/γ agonists may offer superior treatment of insulin resistance and cardioprotection, but their safety has not yet been assured. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 636–645; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707452; published online 1 October 2007
The multidrug transporter ABCG2 (BCRP) is inhibited by plant‐derived cannabinoids
Authors: Holland M L , Lau D T T , Allen J D , Arnold J C 
Published: October 2007

Background and purpose:Cannabinoids are used therapeutically for the palliation of the adverse side effects associated with cancer chemotherapy. However, cannabinoids also inhibit both the activity and expression of the multidrug transporter, P‐glycoprotein in vitro. Here we address the interaction of cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with the related multidrug transporter, ABCG2.Experimental approach:Cannabinoid inhibition of Abcg2/ABCG2 was assessed using flow cytometric analysis of substrate accumulation and ATPase activity assays. The cytotoxicity and chemosensitization by cannabinoids was determined with cell viability assays. Expression of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors was assessed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and cannabinoid modulation of ABCG2 expression was examined using immunoblotting.Key results:CBN, CBD and THC increased the intracellular accumulation of the Abcg2/ABCG2 substrate, mitoxantrone, in an over‐expressing cell line. The THC metabolite, (−)‐11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐THC was much less potent. The plant cannabinoids inhibited both basal and substrate stimulated ATPase activity of human ABCG2. Cannabinoid cytotoxicity occurred in the absence of known cannabinoid cell surface receptors, and only at concentrations higher than those required for Abcg2/ABCG2 inhibition. Sub‐toxic concentrations of the cannabinoids resensitized the overexpressing cell line to the cytotoxic effect of Abcg2/ABCG2 substrates, mitoxantrone and topotecan. This occurred in the absence of any effect on ABCG2 expression.Conclusions and implications:Cannabinoids are novel Abcg2/ABCG2 inhibitors, reversing the Abcg2‐mediated multidrug‐resistant phenotype in vitro. This finding may have implications for the co‐administration of cannabinoids with pharmaceuticals that are ABCG2 substrates.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 815–824; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707467; published online 1 October 2007
Effects of α‐lipoic acid on endothelial function in aged diabetic and high‐fat fed rats
Authors: Sena C M , Nunes E , Louro T , Proença T , Fernandes R , Boarder M R , Seiça R M 
Published: October 2007

Background and purpose:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of α‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) on endothelial function in diabetic and high‐fat fed animal models and elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the benefits of α‐LA.Experimental approach:Plasma metabolites reflecting glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial function, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), plasma and aortic malondialdehyde (MDA) and urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) were assessed in non‐diabetic controls (Wistar rats), untreated Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) diabetic and high‐fat fed GK rats (fed with atherogenic diet only, treated with α‐LA and treated with vehicle, for 3 months). Vascular eNOS, nitrotyrosine, carbonyl groups and superoxide anion were also assessed in the different groups.Key results:α‐LA and soybean oil significantly reduced both total and non‐HDL serum cholesterol and triglycerides induced by atherogenic diet. MDA, carbonyl groups, vascular superoxide and 8‐OHdG levels were higher in GK and high‐fat fed GK groups and fully reversed with α‐LA treatment. High‐fat fed GK diabetic rats showed significantly reduced endothelial function and increased UAE, effects ameliorated with α‐LA. This endothelial dysfunction was associated with decreased NO production, decreased expression of eNOS and increased vascular superoxide production and nitrotyrosine expression.Conclusions and implications:α‐LA restores endothelial function and significantly improves systemic and local oxidative stress in high‐fat fed GK diabetic rats. Improved endothelial function due to α‐LA was at least partially attributed to recoupling of eNOS and increased NO bioavailability and represents a pharmacological approach to prevent major complications associated with type 2 diabetes.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 894–906; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707474; published online 1 October 2007
Novel cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Brown A J 
Published: October 2007

Cannabinoids have numerous physiological effects. In the years since the molecular identification of the G protein‐coupled receptors CB1 and CB2, the ion channel TRPV1, and their corresponding endogenous ligand systems, many cannabinoid‐evoked actions have been shown conclusively to be mediated by one of these specific receptor targets. However, there remain several examples where these classical cannabinoid receptors do not explain observed pharmacology. Studies using mice genetically deleted for the known receptors have confirmed the existence of additional targets, which have come to be known collectively as non‐CB1/CB2 receptors. Despite intense research efforts, the molecular identity of these non‐CB1/CB2 receptors remains for the most part unclear. Two orphan G protein‐coupled receptors have recently been implicated as novel cannabinoid receptors; these are GPR119, which has been proposed as a receptor for oleoylethanolamide, and GPR55 which has been proposed as a receptor activated by multiple different cannabinoid ligands. In this review I will present an introduction to non‐CB1/CB2 pharmacology, summarize information on GPR55 and GPR119 currently available, and consider their phylogenetic origin and what aspects of non‐CB1/CB2 pharmacology, if any, they help explain.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 567–575; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707481; published online 1 October 2007
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract: a regulatory system in states of inflammation
Authors: Wright K L , Duncan M , Sharkey K A 
Published: October 2007

The emerging potential for the cannabinoid (CB) system in modulating gastrointestinal inflammation has gained momentum over the last few years. Traditional and anecdotal use of marijuana for gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea and abdominal cramps is recognized, but the therapeutic benefit of cannabinoids in the 21st century is overshadowed by the psychoactive problems associated with CB1 receptor activation. However, the presence and function of the CB2 receptor in the GI tract, whilst not yet well characterized, holds great promise due to its immunomodulatory roles in inflammatory systems and its lack of psychotropic effects. This review of our current knowledge of CB2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract highlights its role in regulating abnormal motility, modulating intestinal inflammation and limiting visceral sensitivity and pain. CB2 receptors represent a braking system and a pathophysiological mechanism for the resolution of inflammation and many of its symptoms. CB2 receptor activation therefore represents a very promising therapeutic target in gastrointestinal inflammatory states where there is immune activation and motility dysfunction.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 263–270; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707486; published online 1 October 2007
Interventional Nephrology and Dialysis: Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters: Overview of Design, Placement, and Removal Procedures
Authors: Ash Stephen R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe success of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) depends to a large extent on the success of the chronic PD access device. For the nephrologist placing and removing PD catheters, or for the nephrologist advising surgeons in this role, this article provides a review of designs of PD catheters and differences in function and complications, methods of insertion of PD catheters and relation to catheter outcomes, techniques for “burying” the external portion of the PD catheter and benefits of this technique, and techniques for removing PD catheters. As nephrologists become more closely involved in the creation, monitoring, and maintenance of access devices for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, the successful function of these devices will increase. Nephrologists should make the critical decisions regarding the choice of access devices and methods for placement as they do for the choice to remove such access devices.
Interventional Nephrology and Dialysis: Management of Complications of Endovascular Dialysis Access Procedures
Authors: Beathard Gerald A. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTEndovascular procedures are becoming the standard of care for the management of hemodialysis (HD) vascular access dysfunction. As with any type of medical procedure, these techniques result in procedure‐related complications. The expected frequencies are low. The most frequent procedure‐related complication seen in association with angioplasty that dictates the need for intervention is tearing of the vein or vein rupture. The clinical significance of this complication is variable, ranging from none to disaster for the access. The difference lies in the severity of the tear. Management depends on the clinical presentation, ranging from symptomatic measures alone to the need to occlude the graft. Since endovascular thrombectomy is a combined procedure including angioplasty, all of the complications of that procedure can occur with this procedure as well. The major unique procedure‐related complication requiring interventional therapy is the occurrence of a symptomatic peripheral artery embolus. This complication can generally be managed successfully by mechanical endovascular means. It is essential that the interventionalist be prepared to manage these complications appropriately when they are encountered.
Just go with the flow? Route selection and mortality during downstream migration of silver eels in relation to river discharge
Authors: Jansen Henrice M. , Winter Hendrik V. , Bruijs Maarten C. M. , Polman Harry J. G. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Jansen, H. M., Winter, H. V., Bruijs, M. C. M., and Polman, H. J. G. 2007. Just go with the flow? Route selection and mortality during downstream migration of silver eels in relation to river discharge. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1437–1443. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has been in steep decline for several decades. Fisheries and hydropower-induced mortality presumably play an important role during the downstream migration of silver eels, and downstream-migrating silver eels must make various navigation and route-selection decisions to reach the sea. We examined the influence of river discharge on route selection of silver eels. To quantify the impact of hydropower and fisheries on silver eel mortality, radio-telemetry experiments were performed in the River Meuse in 2002 and 2004, surgically implanting 300 silver eels with Nedap-transponders. Route selection and passage behaviour near detection stations was assessed. Silver eels were distributed over the alternative migration routes in the river in proportion to the discharge until the silver eels reached the entrance to the turbines. The eels altered their behaviour when approaching the turbines of hydropower plants and showed stationary and recurrent behaviour. We discuss the consequences of this on route selection and mortality rates caused by hydropower facilities and fisheries.
Biaxial Extensional Viscosity of Sheeted Noodle Dough
Authors: Liao Hung‐Ju , Chung Ying‐Chien , Tattiyakul Jirarat 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe flows encountered during the sheeting process contain a more extensional component and more stretching than simple shear. Evaluating the properties of the extensional rheological flow of wheat flour dough is essential to better understand the sheeting process and the final quality of the product. Our results show that the curves of biaxial extensional viscosity versus extensional strain rate for dough from different wheat cultivars including Dark Northern Spring (DNS), Hard Red Winter (HRW), and Western White Wheat (WW) with protein contents of 7.81–18.09% and water contents of 32–40% could be discriminated. During a lubricated compression test, the sheeted dough displayed a region of extensional thickening followed by a region of mild extensional thinning, giving rise to an s‐shaped extensional stress‐strain rate curve. The higher degree of extensional thinning was exhibited for the sheeted dough prepared from the flour of DNS and HRW wheat mixture with an extensional thinning index of n = 0.65–0.74; while the lower degree of extensional thinning was displayed for the DNS wheat with an extensional thinning index of n = 0.89–0.96. The data of biaxial extensional viscosity (ηBmax) versus water content and protein content could be described by power relationships. The results suggest that biaxial extensional viscosity can be a useful modeling and process design parameter that objectively represents the rheological properties during dough sheeting.
Rapid Methods to Predict Soft‐Wheat Dough Quality for Specific Food Products
Authors: Uthayakumaran S. , Barker N. , Batey I. L. , Dines J. , Miskelly D. , Wrigley C. W. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTA flour miller must provide flour with the potential to produce dough properties suited to the specifications for food manufacturers involved with a range of food products. This difficult task could be simplified if grain of suitable dough‐forming potential was segregated at harvest and delivered for milling. To achieve the identification of grain of suitable dough‐quality potential, various published testing systems were adapted and evaluated using a total of 149 grain samples from five successive harvests to establish procedures that could be applied to “running samples”, each representing the contents of a specific storage cell. Some of the methods proved to be inadequate for this purpose. The best possibilities were methods based on the swelling index for glutenin (SIG) principle. The SIG test, combined with grain‐protein content, is suitable for screening large numbers of wheat meal samples, making it possible for mill buyers to select stored grain lots that will suit the flour dough strength specifications for specific customers and their food products.