bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Long‐term Weight Maintenance
Authors: Vogels Neeltje , Diepvens Kristel , Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate available variables of a long‐term weight maintenance study to investigate possible factors predisposing to weight regain after a period of weight loss.Research Methods and Procedures: The Maastricht Weight Maintenance Study is an ongoing longitudinal study of healthy men and women (29 men and 62 women; 18 to 65 years of age; BMI = 30.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2). A variety of parameters were measured before and after a very‐low‐energy diet and after a follow‐up of at least 2 years.Results: Mean weight loss was 7.9 ± 3.6 kg, and percent weight regain was 113.8 ± 98.1%. Percent BMI regain was negatively associated with an increase in dietary restraint (r = −0.47, p < 0.05). Percent weight regain was negatively correlated with baseline resting metabolic rate (r = −0.38, p = 0.01) and baseline fat mass (r = −0.24, p = 0.05) and positively correlated with the magnitude of change in body weight (BW) expressed as maximum amplitude of BW (r = 0.21, p < 0.05). In addition, amplitude of BW was positively correlated with the frequency of dieting (r = 0.57, p < 0.01).Discussion: The best predictors for weight maintenance after weight loss were an increase in dietary restraint during weight loss, a high baseline resting metabolic rate, a relatively high baseline fat mass favoring a fat‐free mass–sparing effect during weight loss, a rather stable BW, and a low frequency of dieting. Therefore, BW maintenance after BW loss seems to be a multifactorial issue, including mechanisms that regulate an individuals’ energy expenditure, body composition, and eating behavior in such a way that energy homeostasis is maintained.
Body Weight and Health Status: Importance of Socioeconomic Position and Working Conditions
Authors: Laaksonen Mikko , Sarlio‐Lähteenkorva Sirpa , Leino‐Arjas Päivi , Martikainen Pekka , Lahelma Eero 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the association between relative body weight and health status and the potential modifying effects of socioeconomic position and working conditions on this association.Research Methods and Procedures: The data were derived from three identical cross‐sectional surveys conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Respondents to postal surveys were middle‐aged employees of the City of Helsinki (7148 women and 1799 men, response rate 67%). BMI was based on self‐reported weight and height. Health status was measured by the Short‐Form 36 subscales and component summaries.Results: Body weight was inversely associated with physical health, but in mental health, differences between BMI categories were small and inconsistent. In women, physical health deteriorated monotonically with increasing BMI, whereas in men, poor physical health was found among the obese only. Socioeconomic position did not modify the association between BMI and health. In women, the association between body weight and physical health became stronger with decreasing job control and increasing physical work load, whereas in men, a similar modifying effect was found for high job demands.Discussion: Body weight was associated with physical health only. Lower levels of relative weight in women than in men may be associated with poor physical health. High body weight combined with adverse working conditions may impose a double burden on physical health.
Tanner Staging of Secondary Sexual Characteristics and Body Composition, Blood Pressure, and Insulin in Black Girls
Authors: Hoffman William H. , Barbeau Paule , Litaker Mark S. , Johnson Maribeth H. , Howe Cheryl A. , Gutin Bernard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess Tanner staging (breast and pubic hair development) and its relationship to measures of body composition, blood pressure, and fasting insulin and glucose in young black girls.Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 138 black girls, 8 to 12 years of age, recruited from elementary schools in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. Exclusion criteria included the presence of any acute/chronic medical conditions. Pubertal stages were assessed by one of two pediatricians and analyzed individually, as well as with a composite index (prepubertal, pubertal/premenarcheal, or pubertal/menarcheal). Glucose and insulin were measured after a 12‐hour fast. Measures of body composition included height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, fat mass, fat‐free soft tissue, bone mineral density (DXA), and visceral adipose tissue (magnetic resonance imaging). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by Dinamap.Results: With age in the model, breast development explained significant proportions of the variance in height, weight, fat‐free soft tissue, bone mineral density, and insulin. Adding pubic hair development or menarche to those models did not significantly increase the proportion of variance that was explained by breast development. Furthermore, using a composite index of pubertal staging explained a smaller proportion of the variance compared with breast development alone.Discussion: Combined with age, breast development was a better predictor of body composition and fasting insulin than was pubic hair development or a composite index of pubertal staging.
Best Practice Recommendations for Surgical Care in Weight Loss Surgery
Authors: Kelly John , Tarnoff Michael , Shikora Scott , Thayer Bruce , Jones Daniel B. , Forse R. Amour , Hutter Matthew M. , Fanelli Robert , Lautz David , Buckley Frederick , Munshi Imtiaz , Coe Nicolas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To establish evidence‐based guidelines for best practices for surgical care in weight loss surgery (WLS).Research Methods and Procedures: We carried out a systematic search of English‐language literature on WLS in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Key words were used to narrow the field for a selective review of abstracts. Data extraction was performed, and evidence categories were assigned according to a grading system based on established evidence‐based models.Results: We assessed types of WLS, recommended guidelines for appropriateness, developed strategies for medical error reduction, established criteria for credentialing of systems and practitioners, and specified research needed for the future.Discussion: Surgeon training, credentialing, and type of surgery performed were identified as key factors in patient safety. Other important issues in the delivery of best practice care included appropriate patient selection; use of a multidisciplinary treatment team; facility staffing, equipment, and administrative support; and early recognition and proper management of complications.
Behavioral and Psychological Factors in the Assessment and Treatment of Obesity Surgery Patients
Authors: Greenberg Isaac , Perna Frank , Kaplan Marjory , Sullivan Mary Anna 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To provide evidence‐based guidelines on the psychological and behavioral screening of weight loss surgery (WLS) candidates and the impact of psychosocial factors on behavior change after gastric bypass surgery.Research Methods and Procedures: The members of the Behavioral and Psychological subgroup of the Multidisciplinary Care Task Group conducted searches of MEDLINE and PubMed for articles related to WLS, behavior changes, and mental health, including quality of life (QOL) and behavior modification. Pertinent abstracts and literature were reviewed for references. A total of 198 abstracts were identified; 17 papers were reviewed in detail. Search periods were from 1980 to 2004.Results: We found a high incidence of depression, negative body image, eating disorders, and low QOL in severely obese patients. Our task subgroup recommended that all WLS candidates be evaluated by a licensed mental health care provider (i.e., psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker), experienced in the treatment of severely obese patients and working within the context of a multidisciplinary care team. We also recommended development of pre‐ and postsurgical treatment plans that address psychosocial contraindications for WLS and potential barriers to postoperative success.Discussion: The psychological consequences of obesity can range from lowered self‐esteem to clinical depression. Rates of anxiety and depression are three to four times higher among obese individuals than among their leaner peers. A comprehensive multidisciplinary program that incorporates psychological and behavior change services can be of critical benefit in enhancing compliance, outcome, and QOL in WLS patients.
Specialized Staff and Equipment for Weight Loss Surgery Patients: Best Practice Guidelines
Authors: Whittemore Anthony D. , Kelly John , Shikora Scott , Cella Robert J. , Clark Thom , Selbovitz Leslie , Flint Loring 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To provide evidence‐based guidelines on the specialized personnel, equipment, and physical plant required for safe and effective care of severely obese weight loss surgery (WLS) patients.Research Methods and Procedures: We examined MEDLINE (Ovid and PubMed) and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature for articles on facilities resources for care of WLS patients published in English between January 1980 and March 2004. We queried several web sites for appropriate references; these included the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the American College of Surgeons. The majority of reference material was descriptive and not specific to facilities resources for WLS patients. We identified a substantial body of literature on the general subject of patient safety; three of these articles were used to develop recommendations on the use of technology for medical error reduction. All other recommendations are based on 11 expert opinion reports.Results: We recommended adequate training and credentialing for all medical staff; dedicated support and administrative personnel; and specialized interventional, diagnostic, operating room, and transport equipment. We specified needed adaptations to the physical plant and developed evidence‐based guidelines for medical error reduction and systems improvements.Discussion: Specialized resources and dedicated staff are needed to protect the health of WLS surgery patients and staff. Adaptations include preoperative preparation for safe means of patient transport; techniques of anesthesia and intraoperative exposure; provisions for postoperative recovery; and measures to assure postoperative patient safety, hygiene, and comfort.
Coding and Reimbursement for Weight Loss Surgery: Best Practice Recommendations
Authors: Kaplan Lee M. , Fallon John A. , Mun Edward C. , Harvey Alan M. , Kastrinakis William V. , Johnson Elvira Q. , Nierman Robert S. , Keroack Christopher R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To review the use and usefulness of billing codes for services related to weight loss surgery (WLS) and to examine third party reimbursement policies for these services.Research Methods and Procedures: The Task Group carried out a systematic search of MEDLINE, the Internet, and the trade press for publications on WLS, coding, reimbursement, and coding and reimbursement policy. Twenty‐eight articles were each reviewed and graded using a system based on established evidence‐based models. The Massachusetts Dietetics Association provided reimbursement data for nutrition services. Three suppliers of laparoscopic WLS equipment provided summaries of coding and reimbursement information. WLS program directors were surveyed for information on use of procedure codes related to WLS.Results: Recommendations focused on correcting or improving on the current lack of congruity among coding practices, reimbursement policies, and accepted clinical practice; lack of uniform coding and reimbursement data across institutions; inconsistent and/or inaccurate diagnostic and billing codes; inconsistent insurance reimbursement criteria; and inability to leverage reimbursement and coding data to track outcomes, identify best practices, and perform accurate risk‐benefit analyses.Discussion: Rapid changes in the prevalence of obesity, our understanding of its clinical impact, and the technologies for surgical treatment have yet to be adequately reflected in coding, coverage, and reimbursement policies. Issues identified as key to effective change include improved characterization of the risks, benefits, and costs of WLS; anticipation and monitoring of technological advances; encouragement of consistent patterns of insurance coverage; and promotion of billing codes for WLS procedures that facilitate accurate tracking of clinical use and outcomes.
Increased Susceptibility to Insulin Resistance Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Aging Rats**
Authors: Catalano Karyn J. , Bergman Richard N. , Ader Marilyn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Recent data have suggested that the insulin resistance observed with aging may be more related to adiposity than aging per se. We asked whether the insulin resistance observed in aged rats was comparable (both in magnitude and location) to that of fat‐fed rats.Research Methods and Procedures: We performed hyperinsulinemic (5 mU/min per kg) euglycemic clamps with tracer in conscious, 6‐hour fasted young (YL), fat‐fed young (YF), fat‐fed old (OF), and calorically restricted old (OL) rats.Results: Intraabdominal fat measurements showed that OF and YF rats were more obese than YL (p ≤ 0.001; YF > OF > YL). Caloric restriction not only prevented age‐related obesity but also reduced the ratio of intraabdominal fat to lean body mass (LBM) compared with YL (OL: 0.59 ± 0.05 vs. YL: 1.07 ± 0.04; p = 0.017). Despite similar incremental insulin, YF and OF rats required 40% less infused glucose to maintain euglycemia than YL and OL rats (p < 0.001). Insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake (SiRd: ΔRd/(ΔInsulin × GlucoseSS) was impaired in OF rats (OF: 14.03 ± 1.79 vs. YL: 23.08 ± 1.87 × 103 dL/min × kg LBM per pM; p = 0.004) and improved in OL rats (29.41 ± 1.84 × 103 dL/min × kg LBM per pM; p = 0.031) compared with YL. Despite greater obesity, YF rats did not exhibit lower SiRd compared with OF rats (p = 0.58). In contrast, the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production (EGP; SiEGP: ΔEGP/(ΔInsulin × GlucoseSS) was not impaired in OF rats (OF vs. YL; p = 0.61) but was markedly impaired in YF rats by ∼75% (1.72 ± 0.66 × 103 dL/min × kg per pM; p = 0.013). Surprisingly, separate regression analysis for old and young animals revealed that old rats exhibited a significantly steeper regression between Si (Rd and EGP) and adiposity than young rats (p < 0.05). Thus, older rats showed a proportionately greater decrement in insulin sensitivity with an equivalent increase in adiposity.Discussion: These data suggest that, in rodents, youth affords significant protection against obesity‐induced insulin resistance.
Heritability of Body Composition Measured by DXA in the Diabetes Heart Study
Authors: Hsu Fang‐Chi , Lenchik Leon , Nicklas Barbara J. , Lohman Kurt , Register Thomas C. , Mychaleckyj Josyf , Langefeld Carl D. , Freedman Barry I. , Bowden Donald W. , Carr J. Jeffrey 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the heritability of body composition measured by DXA in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS).Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 292 women and 262 men (age, 38 to 86 years; BMI, 17 to 57 kg/m2) from 244 families. There were 492 white and 49 African‐American sibling pairs. DXA measurements of percentage fat mass (FM), whole body FM, and lean mass (LM), as well as regional measurements of trunk fat mass (TFM) and appendicular lean mass (ALM), were obtained. Heritability of FM, LM, and BMI were estimated using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines.Results: After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and height, the heritability estimates of various compositional attributes were %FM = 0.64, whole body FM = 0.71, TFM = 0.63, whole body LM = 0.60, ALM = 0.66, and BMI = 0.64 (all p < 0.0001). Additional adjustment for diabetes status, smoking, dietary intake, and physical activity resulted in only minor changes in the heritability estimates (ĥ2 = 0.63 to 0.72, all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, heritability of TFM after additional adjustment for whole body FM was significant (ĥ2 = 0.55, p < 0.0001), and heritability of ALM after additional adjustment for whole body LM was also significant (ĥ2 = 0.51, p < 0.0001).Discussion: These data suggest that FM and LM measured by DXA are highly heritable and can be effectively used in designing linkage studies to locate genes governing body composition. In addition, regional distribution of FM and LM may be genetically determined.
Depressive Mood and Abdominal Fat Distribution in Overweight Premenopausal Women
Authors: Lee Eon Sook , Kim Yang Hyun , Beck Sung‐Ho , Lee Sangyeoup , Oh Sang Woo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: There is increasing evidence that depressive mood is associated with central obesity, but little is known about the association between depression and abdominal fat distribution. This study investigated this relationship in premenopausal women.Research Methods and Procedures: We recruited 101 overweight premenopausal women who had no eating disorders as defined using the DSM IV criteria. Depressive mood was assessed using Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Areas of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue at the level of vertebral body L4–L5 were measured using computed tomography. Associations of VAT, SAT, and the ratio of VAT to SAT with natural logarithmic transformation [(ln)]SDS were evaluated using linear regression. Anthropometric indices and physical fitness were also measured. Information on socioeconomic status, education level, and alcohol and smoking habits was obtained using self‐administered questionnaires. A hospital nutritionist assessed nutritional status. All of these factors were adjusted for as possible confounding factors in the analyses.Results: The (ln)SDS score showed a positive association with the area of VAT, even after adjusting for the confounders mentioned above (p < 0.01). BMI, waist circumference, maximal oxygen uptake, and age were also associated with the area of VAT (all p < 0.05). In contrast, the (ln)SDS score was not associated with SAT (p > 0.10).Discussion: We showed that depressive mood is associated with VAT, not with SAT, in overweight premenopausal women. These findings may explain some of the association between depression and coronary heart disease. More studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship.
Prevalence of Weight Cycling and its Relation to Health Indicators in Finland
Authors: Lahti‐Koski Marjaana , Männistö Satu , Pietinen Pirjo , Vartiainen Erkki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: This study was performed to identify weight cyclers and to assess the prevalence of weight cycling and its relation to health indicators in Finnish adults.Research Methods and Procedures: Data for the study consisted of 3320 men and 3540 women (25 to 64 years of age). The subjects went through a health examination, and data on intentional weight losses and regains during the last 10 years were collected by a questionnaire. The subjects were divided into five groups: severe weight cyclers (weight loss ≥ 5 kg at least three times with regain), mild weight cyclers (weight loss ≥ 5 kg one to two times and regain), successful dieters (weight loss ≥ 5 kg with no regain), nonobese nondieters, and obese nondieters.Results: Approximately 7% of men and 10% of women were defined as severe weight cyclers, and an additional 11% and 19% were defined as mild weight cyclers, respectively. In men, 20% of severe weight cyclers and 15% of obese nondieters perceived their health as poor, whereas in other groups, these proportions were <10%. In both sexes, severe weight cyclers seemed to have visited a doctor more frequently than nonobese nondieters. Severe weight cyclers were also more likely to use some medication compared with other groups.Discussion: Weight cycling is more common in women than in men, and it seems to be associated with more regular visits to a doctor and poor self‐perceived health. However, because of the cross‐sectional design of the study, causal conclusions cannot be drawn.
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2004 Update
Authors: Pérusse Louis , Rankinen Tuomo , Zuberi Aamir , Chagnon Yvon C. , Weisnagel S. John , Argyropoulos George , Walts Brandon , Snyder Eric E. , Bouchard Claude 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the eleventh update of the human obesity gene map, which incorporates published results up to the end of October 2004. Evidence from single‐gene mutation obesity cases, Mendelian disorders exhibiting obesity as a clinical feature, transgenic and knockout murine models relevant to obesity, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from animal cross‐breeding experiments, association studies with candidate genes, and linkages from genome scans is reviewed. As of October 2004, 173 human obesity cases due to single‐gene mutations in 10 different genes have been reported, and 49 loci related to Mendelian syndromes relevant to human obesity have been mapped to a genomic region, and causal genes or strong candidates have been identified for most of these syndromes. There are 166 genes which, when mutated or expressed as transgenes in the mouse, result in phenotypes that affect body weight and adiposity. The number of QTLs reported from animal models currently reaches 221. The number of human obesity QTLs derived from genome scans continues to grow, and we have now 204 QTLs for obesity‐related phenotypes from 50 genome‐wide scans. A total of 38 genomic regions harbor QTLs replicated among two to four studies. The number of studies reporting associations between DNA sequence variation in specific genes and obesity phenotypes has also increased considerably with 358 findings of positive associations with 113 candidate genes. Among them, 18 genes are supported by at least five positive studies. The obesity gene map shows putative loci on all chromosomes except Y. Overall, >600 genes, markers, and chromosomal regions have been associated or linked with human obesity phenotypes. The electronic version of the map with links to useful publications and genomic and other relevant sites can be found at http:obesitygene.pbrc.edu.
E‐Selectin Genotypes and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Meigs James B. , Hu Frank B. , Perhanidis Jessica S. , Hunter David , Rifai Nader , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction increases risk for type 2 diabetes. We examined whether variation in the gene for E‐selectin (SELE), a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, was associated with levels of E‐selectin or diabetes quantitative traits (including fasting levels of insulin and hemoglobin A1c) in 719 nondiabetic participants of the Nurses’ Health Study or with risk of diabetes in 602 incident (over 10 years of follow‐up) cases and 655 control women matched for age, race, and fasting status. Variation in three single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with cardiovascular disease risk and having effects on E‐selectin function, S128R, G98T, and L554F, was not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with levels of E‐selectin or diabetes quantitative traits, or with risk of incident diabetes in the primary analysis. Among women with low levels of subclinical inflammation (C‐reactive protein levels below the population median), S128R R allele carriers had a diabetes risk factor‐adjusted relative risk of incident diabetes of 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.81) relative to those with the SS genotype. Apart from an association in this subgroup, we conclude that the E‐selectin variants we examined are not important genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women.