bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting multiple observations in complex systems through low-dimensional embeddings
Authors: Wu Tao , Gao Xiangyun , An Feng , Sun Xiaotian , An Haizhong , Su Zhen , Gupta Shraddha , Gao Jianxi , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForecasting all components in complex systems is an open and challenging task, possibly due to high dimensionality and undesirable predictors. We bridge this gap by proposing a data-driven and model-free framework, namely, feature-and-reconstructed manifold mapping (FRMM), which is a combination of feature embedding and delay embedding. For a high-dimensional dynamical system, FRMM finds its topologically equivalent manifolds with low dimensions from feature embedding and delay embedding and then sets the low-dimensional feature manifold as a generalized predictor to achieve predictions of all components. The substantial potential of FRMM is shown for both representative models and real-world data involving Indian monsoon, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, foreign exchange market, and traffic speed in Los Angeles Country. FRMM overcomes the curse of dimensionality and finds a generalized predictor, and thus has potential for applications in many other real-world systems.
High-performance bifacial perovskite solar cells enabled by single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hu Xian-Gang , Ji Kangyu , Zhao Songru , Liu Dongtao , Li Bowei , Hou Peng-Xiang , Liu Chang , Liu Lirong , Stranks Samuel D. , Cheng Hui-Ming , Silva S. Ravi P. , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBifacial perovskite solar cells have shown great promise for increasing power output by capturing light from both sides. However, the suboptimal optical transmittance of back metal electrodes together with the complex fabrication process associated with front transparent conducting oxides have hindered the development of efficient bifacial PSCs. Here, we present a novel approach for bifacial perovskite devices using single-walled carbon nanotubes as both front and back electrodes. single-walled carbon nanotubes offer high transparency, conductivity, and stability, enabling bifacial PSCs with a bifaciality factor of over 98% and a power generation density of over 36%. We also fabricate flexible, all-carbon-electrode-based devices with a high power-per-weight value of 73.75 W g−1 and excellent mechanical durability. Furthermore, we show that our bifacial devices have a much lower material cost than conventional monofacial PSCs. Our work demonstrates the potential of SWCNT electrodes for efficient, stable, and low-cost bifacial perovskite photovoltaics.
Cryo-EM structures of Banna virus in multiple states reveal stepwise detachment of viral spikes
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Xia Han , Rao Guibo , Fu Yan , Chong Tingting , Tian Kexing , Yuan Zhiming , Cao Sheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBanna virus (BAV) is the prototype Seadornavirus, a class of reoviruses for which there has been little structural study. Here, we report atomic cryo-EM structures of three states of BAV virions—surrounded by 120 spikes (full virions), 60 spikes (partial virions), or no spikes (cores). BAV cores are double-layered particles similar to the cores of other non-turreted reoviruses, except for an additional protein component in the outer capsid shell, VP10. VP10 was identified to be a cementing protein that plays a pivotal role in the assembly of BAV virions by directly interacting with VP2 (inner capsid), VP8 (outer capsid), and VP4 (spike). Viral spikes (VP4/VP9 heterohexamers) are situated on top of VP10 molecules in full or partial virions. Asymmetrical electrostatic interactions between VP10 monomers and VP4 trimers are disrupted by high pH treatment, which is thus a simple way to produce BAV cores. Low pH treatment of BAV virions removes only the flexible receptor binding protein VP9 and triggers significant conformational changes in the membrane penetration protein VP4. BAV virions adopt distinct spatial organization of their surface proteins compared with other well-studied reoviruses, suggesting that BAV may have a unique mechanism of penetration of cellular endomembranes.
Aerosol forcing regulating recent decadal change of summer water vapor budget over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Zhili , Lei Yadong , Che Huizheng , Wu Bo , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the Asian water tower, has been getting wetter since the 1970s. However, the primary drivers behind this phenomenon are still highly controversial. Here, we isolate the impacts of greenhouse gases (GHG), aerosols, natural forcings and internal climate variability on the decadal change of summer water vapor budget (WVB) over the TP using multi-model ensemble simulations. We show that an anomalous Rossby wave train in the upper troposphere travelling eastward from central Europe and equatorward temperature gradient in eastern China due to the inhomogeneous aerosol forcing in Eurasia jointly contribute to anomalous easterly winds over the eastern TP. Such anomalous easterly winds result in a significant decrease in water vapor export from the eastern boundary of the TP and dominate the enhanced summer WVB over the TP during 1979-2014. Our results highlight that spatial variation of aerosol forcing can be used as an important indicator to project future WVB over the TP.
Comparison of genes involved in brain development: insights into the organization and evolution of the telencephalic pallium
Authors: Zhang Jiangyan , Zhao Rui , Lin Shiying , Yang Dong , Lu Shan , Liu Zenan , Gao Yuanyuan , Zhang Yiyun , Hou Bing , Xi Chao , Liu Jin , Bing Jie , Pang Erli , Lin Kui , Zeng Shaoju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the organization and evolution of the telencephalic pallium are not yet clear.. To address this issue, we first performed comparative analysis of genes critical for the development of the pallium (Emx1/2 and Pax6) and subpallium (Dlx2 and Nkx1/2) among 500 vertebrate species. We found that these genes have no obvious variations in chromosomal duplication/loss, gene locus synteny or Darwinian selection. However, there is an additional fragment of approximately 20 amino acids in mammalian Emx1 and a poly-(Ala)6–7 in Emx2. Lentiviruses expressing mouse or chick Emx2 (m-Emx2 or c-Emx2 Lv) were injected into the ventricle of the chick telencephalon at embryonic Day 3 (E3), and the embryos were allowed to develop to E12–14 or to posthatchling. After transfection with m-Emx2 Lv, the cells expressing Reelin, Vimentin or GABA increased, and neurogenesis of calbindin cells changed towards the mammalian inside-out pattern in the dorsal pallium and mesopallium. In addition, a behavior test for posthatched chicks indicated that the passive avoidance ratio increased significantly. The study suggests that the acquisition of an additional fragment in mammalian Emx2 is associated with the organization and evolution of the mammalian pallium.
Correlation between frailty and reduction in cortical thickness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Fukatsu-Chikumoto Ayumi , Hirano Tsunahiko , Takahashi Shun , Ishida Takuya , Yasuda Kasumi , Donishi Tomohiro , Suga Kazuyoshi , Doi Keiko , Oishi Keiji , Ohata Shuichiro , Murata Yoriyuki , Yamaji Yoshikazu , Asami-Noyama Maki , Edakuni Nobutaka , Kakugawa Tomoyuki , Matsunaga Kazuto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysical inactivity and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can lead to frailty and poor prognoses. However, little is known regarding the association between frailty and the human brain. We hypothesized that the brain structure could change according to frailty in patients with COPD and focused on cortical thickness. Cortical thickness measured by magnetic resonance imaging and frailty scores using the Kihon Checklist (KCL) were assessed in 40 patients with stable COPD and 20 healthy controls. Among the 34 regions assessed, multiple regions were thinner in patients with COPD than in healthy individuals (p < 0.05). We found significant negative correlations between the eight regions and the KCL scores only in patients with COPD. After adjusting for age and cognitive impairment, the association between the left and six right regions remained statistically significant. The correlation coefficient was the strongest in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (left: ρ = − 0.5319, p = 0.0006) (right: ρ = − 0.5361, p = 0.0005). Interestingly, among the KCL scores, the daily activity domain showed the strongest correlation (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 73%) with the bottom quartile of the reduction in the superior frontal gyrus. Frailty in patients with COPD is associated with a thickness reduction in the cortical regions, reflecting social vulnerability.
The prevalence of simian malaria in wild long-tailed macaques throughout Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Shahari Shahhaziq , Bin Abdullah Mohd Lutfi , Binti Isman Rohimly Anis Adlina , Binti Ashrat Norsharina , Amir Amirah , Atroosh Wahib Mohammed Mohsen , Fong Mun Yik , Lau Yee Ling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe parasite Plasmodium knowlesi has been the sole cause of malaria in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022. The persistence of this zoonotic species has hampered Malaysia’s progress towards achieving the malaria-free status awarded by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Due to the zoonotic nature of P. knowlesi infections, it is important to study the prevalence of the parasite in the macaque host, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Apart from P. knowlesi, the long-tailed macaque is also able to harbour Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium caotneyi and Plasmodium fieldi. Here we report the prevalence of the 5 simian malaria parasites in the wild long-tailed macaque population in 12 out of the 13 states in Peninsular Malaysia using a nested PCR approach targeting the 18s ribosomal RNA (18s rRNA) gene. It was found that all five Plasmodium species were widely distributed throughout Peninsular Malaysia except for states with major cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Of note, Pahang reported a malaria prevalence of 100% in the long-tailed macaque population, identifying it as a potential hotspot for zoonotic transmission. Overall, this study shows the distribution of the 5 simian malaria parasite species throughout Peninsular Malaysia, the data of which could be used to guide future malaria control interventions to target zoonotic malaria.
The Middle Pleistocene human metatarsal from Sedia del Diavolo (Rome, Italy)
Authors: Riga Alessandro , Profico Antonio , Mori Tommaso , Frittitta Riccardo , Nava Alessia , Mancini Lucia , Dreossi Diego , Radovčić Davorka , Rice Hannah , Bondioli Luca , Marchi Damiano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe peopling of Europe during the Middle Pleistocene is a debated topic among paleoanthropologists. Some authors suggest the coexistence of multiple human lineages in this period, while others propose a single evolving lineage from Homo heidelbergensis to Homo neanderthalensis. The recent reassessment of the stratigraphy at the Sedia del Diavolo (SdD) site (Latium, Italy), now dated to the beginning of marine isotope stage (MIS) 8, calls for a revision of the human fossils from the site. In this paper, we present the morphometric, biomechanical and palaeopathological study of the second right metatarsal SdD2, to both re-evaluate its taxonomical affinities and possibly determine the levels of physical activity experienced by the individual during lifetime. Results demonstrate the persistence of archaic features in SdD2 suggesting new insights into the technology and hunting strategies adopted by Homo between MIS 9 and MIS 8.
Flavor characteristics of garlic fish cakes using electronic nose and tongue analyses
Authors: Choi Hae-Yeon , Woo Hye-Eun , Go Eun-Seong , Kim Jin-Seong , Choi Jin-Hee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the utility of garlic powder as a functional ingredient. The aim was to develop fish cakes with improved functionality and sensory preference based on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics. Increasing amounts of garlic powder in the prepared fish cakes were associated with increasing total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. Furthermore, electronic tongue and electronic nose analyses showed an increased the intensity of umami and sourness and increased the levels of volatile compounds. The lowest trimethylamine peak corresponded to the highest amount of garlic powder. Sensory evaluation indicated that 3% garlic powder had the highest score for all criteria. Fishy odor decreased as the proportion of garlic powder increased. These findings suggest that the addition of 3% garlic powder improves quality characteristics, sensory preference, and antioxidant activity of fish cakes.
Feature-specific nutrient management of onion (Allium cepa) using machine learning and compositional methods
Authors: Hahn Leandro , Kurtz Claudinei , de Paula Betania Vahl , Feltrim Anderson Luiz , Higashikawa Fábio Satoshi , Moreira Camila , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Brunetto Gustavo , Parent Léon-Étienne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile onion cultivars, irrigation and soil and crop management have been given much attention in Brazil to boost onion yields, nutrient management at field scale is still challenging due to large dosage uncertainty. Our objective was to develop an accurate feature-based fertilization model for onion crops. We assembled climatic, edaphic, and managerial features as well as tissue tests into a database of 1182 observations from multi-environment fertilizer trials conducted during 13 years in southern Brazil. The complexity of onion cropping systems was captured by machine learning (ML) methods. The RReliefF ranking algorithm showed that the split-N dosage and soil tests for micronutrients and S were the most relevant features to predict bulb yield. The decision-tree random forest and extreme gradient boosting models were accurate to predict bulb yield from the relevant predictors (R2 > 90%). As shown by the gain ratio, foliar nutrient standards for nutritionally balanced and high-yielding specimens producing > 50 Mg bulb ha−1set apart by the ML classification models differed among cultivars. Cultivar × environment interactions support documenting local nutrient diagnosis. The split-N dosage was the most relevant controllable feature to run future universality tests set to assess models’ ability to generalize to growers’ fields.
Neuroprotection by acrolein sequestration through exogenously applied scavengers and endogenous enzymatic enabling strategies in mouse EAE model
Authors: Tang Jonathan , Alford Anna , Leung Gary , Tully Melissa , Shi Riyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe have previously shown that the pro-oxidative aldehyde acrolein is a critical factor in MS pathology. In this study, we found that the acrolein scavenger hydralazine (HZ), when applied from the day of induction, can suppress acrolein and alleviate motor and sensory deficits in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that HZ can alleviate motor deficits when applied after the emergence of MS symptoms, making potential anti-acrolein treatment a more clinically relevant strategy. In addition, HZ can reduce both acrolein and MPO, suggesting a connection between acrolein and inflammation. We also found that in addition to HZ, phenelzine (PZ), a structurally distinct acrolein scavenger, can mitigate motor deficits in EAE when applied from the day of induction. This suggests that the likely chief factor of neuroprotection offered by these two structurally distinct acrolein scavengers in EAE is their common feature of acrolein neutralization. Finally, up-and-down regulation of the function of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in EAE mice using either a pharmacological or genetic strategy led to correspondent motor and sensory changes. This data indicates a potential key role of ALDH2 in influencing acrolein levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior in EAE. These findings further consolidate the critical role of aldehydes in the pathology of EAE and its mechanisms of regulation. This is expected to reinforce and expand the possible therapeutic targets of anti-aldehyde treatment to achieve neuroprotection through both endogenous and exogenous manners.
Genome wide association study in Swedish Labrador retrievers identifies genetic loci associated with hip dysplasia and body weight
Authors: Kieler Ida Nordang , Persson Sofia Malm , Hagman Ragnvi , Marinescu Voichita D. , Hedhammar Åke , Strandberg Erling , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Arendt Maja Louise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenome wide association studies (GWAS) have been utilized to identify genetic risk loci associated with both simple and complex inherited disorders. Here, we performed a GWAS in Labrador retrievers to identify genetic loci associated with hip dysplasia and body weight. Hip dysplasia scores were available for 209 genotyped dogs. We identified a significantly associated locus for hip dysplasia on chromosome 24, with three equally associated SNPs (p = 4.3 × 10–7) in complete linkage disequilibrium located within NDRG3, a gene which in humans has been shown to be differentially expressed in osteoarthritic joint cartilage. Body weight, available for 85 female dogs, was used as phenotype for a second analysis. We identified two significantly associated loci on chromosome 10 (p = 4.5 × 10–7) and chromosome 31 (p = 2.5 × 10–6). The most associated SNPs within these loci were located within the introns of the PRKCE and CADM2 genes, respectively. PRKCE has been shown to play a role in regulation of adipogenesis whilst CADM2 has been associated with body weight in multiple human GWAS. In summary, we identified credible candidate loci explaining part of the genetic inheritance for hip dysplasia and body weight in Labrador retrievers with strong candidate genes in each locus previously implicated in the phenotypes investigated.
Adsorption of lead and chromium ions from electroplating wastewater using plantain stalk modified by amorphous alumina developed from waste cans
Authors: Ajala E. O. , Aliyu M. O. , Ajala M. A. , Mamba G. , Ndana A. M. , Olatunde T. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWaste beneficiation is key to environmental protection and the realisation of a circular economy. Herein, amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) derived from aluminium waste cans (AWC) was used to modify plantain stalk as an adsorbent for sequestration of lead (II) and chromium (VI) ions from electroplating wastewater. Raw plantain-stalk (RPS) and amorphous-alumina modified plantain stalk (APS) developed as adsorbents were characterised using various equipment such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The FTIR revealed that the adsorbents are rich in functional groups that could promote the adsorption process which includes carboxyl, hydroxyl, and aliphatic groups. Also, the BET analysis showed a substantial increase in the surface area of APS (174.448 m2/g) compared to that of RPS (40.531 m2/g) which could be due to the effect of modification by the a-Al2O3. The batch adsorption studies revealed that the APS achieved 99.38% and 98.33% removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II), respectively, which is superior to RPS adsorption efficiency. Also, the estimated and experimental data for the APS compared well under all the kinetic models studied with R2 > 0.88. This suggested that chemisorption is the most plausible adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) onto the APS. Further analysis showed that the Cr(VI) and Pb(II) adsorption followed the Langmuir model with the RL value of 0.038 and 0.999, respectively, which indicated that the two metal ions were effectively adsorbed onto the APS. Therefore, this work demonstrated that the modification of plantain-stalk with amorphous-alumina derived from AWC enhanced the characteristics of the APS and favoured its adsorption of the selected heavy metals.
PARSEG: a computationally efficient approach for statistical validation of botanical seeds’ images
Authors: Frigau Luca , Conversano Claudio , Antoch Jaromír 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman recognition and automated image validation are the most widely used approaches to validate the output of binary segmentation methods but, as the number of pixels in an image easily exceeds several million, they become highly demanding from both practical and computational standpoint. We propose a method, called PARSEG, which stands for PArtitioning, Random Selection, Estimation, and Generalization; being the basic steps within this procedure. Suggested method enables us to perform statistical validation of binary images by selecting the minimum number of pixels from the original image to be used for validation without deteriorating the effectiveness of the validation procedure. It utilizes binary classifiers to accomplish image validation and selects the optimal sample of pixels according to a specific objective function. As a result, the computational complexity of the validation experiment is substantially reduced. The procedure’s effectiveness is illustrated by considering images composed of approximately 13 million pixels from the field of seed recognition. PARSEG provides roughly the same precision of the validation process when extended to the entire image, but it utilizes only about 4% of the original number of pixels, thus reducing, by about 90%, the computing time required to validate a binary segmented image.
Rapid biodegradation of microplastics generated from bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Allemann Marco N. , Tessman Marissa , Reindel Jaysen , Scofield Gordon B. , Evans Payton , Pomeroy Robert S. , Burkart Michael D. , Mayfield Stephen P. , Simkovsky Ryan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of microplastics in various ecosystems has now been well documented and recent evidence suggests detrimental effects on various biological processes due to this pollution. Accumulation of microplastics in the natural environment is ultimately due to the chemical nature of widely used petroleum-based plastic polymers, which typically are inaccessible to biological processing. One way to mitigate this crisis is adoption of plastics that biodegrade if released into natural environments. In this work, we generated microplastic particles from a bio-based, biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-FC1) and demonstrated their rapid biodegradation via direct visualization and respirometry. Furthermore, we isolated multiple bacterial strains capable of using TPU-FC1 as a sole carbon source and characterized their depolymerization products. To visualize biodegradation of TPU materials as real-world products, we generated TPU-coated cotton fabric and an injection molded phone case and documented biodegradation by direct visualization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both of which indicated clear structural degradation of these materials and significant biofilm formation.