bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of dye electrochemical treatment by combination with ultrasound technique
Authors: Rivera M. , Pazos M. , Sanromán M. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Currently, the combination of conventional physicochemical techniques appears to be an attractive option to apply to wastewater treatment. In this work, a hybrid technique, called sonoelectrochemistry as a result of the combination of electrochemical and ultrasound technology, was undertaken in order to increase the efficiency of textile wastewater remediation.RESULTS: Results have demonstrated the superiority of the sonoelectrochemical process over each treatment alone. Although in the sonoelectrochemical treatment, the decolourisation rate of di‐azo dyes was lower than mono‐azo or diphenylnaphthylmethane dyes, in all cases a first‐order kinetic behaviour was detected. In addition, the influence of inert electrolyte concentration (Na2SO4) was assayed. On the other hand, colour removal was considerably faster than the decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD), which was attributed to the ease of chromophore destruction. Hence, for example for Lissamine Green B the efficiency of sonoelectrochemical decolourisation was 95% compared with 60% of COD removal after 1 h treatment. Additionally, a flow system with total reflux by the electrochemical and the sonoelectrochemical treatment was considered and a similar behaviour to previous experiments was found.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results obtained, the feasibility of this hybrid technique was demonstrated. Furthermore, an efficient flow system was devised for dye decolourisation, which could be extrapolated to develop a continuous process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of environmental change and price policies on livelihoods in tropical agroforestry systems
Authors: Pascual Unai , Martínez‐Espiñeira Roberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractShifting cultivation is one of the most widely distributed forms of agroforestry in the tropics. This paper assesses the potential of using price policies prompting labour mobility to break the fallow crisis typical of such systems leading to the well‐known vicious circle of land degradation and increased poverty. Given changing environmental conditions and endogeneity of household choices, a numerical bio‐economic model is used, based on data from Mexico, to simulate possible scenarios. Results suggest that reducing staple prices can achieve a win‐win outcome when farmers are not constrained to exit and enter the shifting cultivation system. This provides support for the ‘spontaneous reforestation’ hypothesis due to out‐migration when the correct economic policies are in place. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Between ‘senior brother’ and ‘overlord’: Competing versions of horizontal inequalities and ethnic conflict in Calabar and Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Ukiwo Ukoha 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThrough a comparative analysis of ethnic relations in two multi‐ethnic cities in southern Nigeria, this article seeks to isolate factors that might explain why some countries manage to avoid violence in the midst of longstanding ethnic conflicts while ethnic relations in other countries are characterised by periodic violence. The factors isolated include the persistence of horizontal inequalities, absence of mediating social capital, institutionalisation of politics of non‐inclusion and construction of indigeneity and homeland discourses. The article explores the interconnections between the different factors. Its main contribution lies in its specification of the contexts in which horizontal inequalities are likely to result in violent ethnic conflicts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abdominal muscle function in ventilation and locomotion in new world opossums and basal eutherians: Breathing and running with and without epipubic bones
Authors: Reilly Stephen M. , McElroy Eric J. , White Thomas D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAll tetrapods have the same four basic abdominal hypaxial muscle layers that wrap around the abdomen between the pelvis, ribcage, and spine. However, the marsupials and our immediate mammalian ancestors have epipubic bones extending anteriorly into the ventral hypaxial layers with two additional muscles connecting them to the ventral midline and femur. Studies of two marsupials have shown that all of the abdominal hypaxials play a part bilaterally in resting ventilation and during locomotion there is an asymmetrical pattern of activity as the hypaxial muscles form a cross‐couplet linkage that uses the epipubic bone as a lever to provide long‐axis support of the body between diagonal limb couplets during each step. The cross‐couplet epipubic lever system defines the earliest mammals and is lost in placental mammals. To expand our understanding of the evolution of mammalian abdominal muscle function and loco‐ventilatory integration we tested the generality of the cross‐couplet system in marsupials and conducted the first formal studies of hypaxial abdominal motor patterns in generalized placental mammals focusing on a representative rodent and insectivore. These new data reveal 1) that continuous abdominal muscle tonus during resting ventilation and a 1:1 breath to step cycle during locomotion appear to be the basal condition for mammals, 2) that the loss of epipubic bones in eutherians is associated with a shift from the cross‐couplet dominated motor pattern of marsupials to a shoulder‐to‐pelvis system with unilateral activation of abdominal muscles during locomotion and 3) that hypaxial function in generalized eutherians is more similar to marsupials than cursorial mammals. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic development of the scorpionfly Panorpa emarginata Cheng with special reference to external morphology (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Authors: Du Xiaoliang , Yue Chao , Hua Baozhen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Mecoptera are thought to be one of the most primitive groups in the Holometabola, but their embryology is rarely studied. By means of scanning electron microscopy, we studied the external features of the embryo of the scorpionfly Panorpa emarginata in middle and late development. The embryo remains in the superficial position until hatching. Embryonic development can be divided into 10 stages along with the first‐instar larva. The external features are described from the germ band to the first‐instar larva, with special reference to the components and segmentation of the head, the segmentation of abdomen and the formation of abdominal prolegs. Our results confirm that the head consists of an anterior‐most acron and six trunk segments: the labral, antennal, intercalary, mandibular, maxillary, and labial segments. The labrum is confirmed to derive from the paired appendages. Our observations also provide additional direct evidence that the abdominal prolegs are not serially homologous with the thoracic legs. The presence of the eleventh abdominal segment is clarified. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and activity of COX‐1 and 2 and 5‐LOX in joint tissues from dogs with naturally occurring coxofemoral joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Lascelles B. Duncan X. , King Stephanie , Roe Simon , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Jones Samuel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the neurobiology of pain in naturally occurring models of osteoarthritis (OA) may improve the understanding of human OA pain. Both COX and LOX have been associated with joint pain. This study evaluated COX‐1, COX‐2, and 5‐LOX expression and activity in a naturally occurring canine model of secondary OA. Hip joint capsule with synovial tissue (HJC) and femoral head subchondral bone (FH) was collected from normal dogs and dogs undergoing total hip replacement for coxofemoral joint OA. Tissues were analyzed for COX‐1, COX‐2, and LOX protein, and PGE2and LTB4. Significantly more COX‐2 protein was present in OA HJC than normal joints (p = 0.0009). There was no significant difference in COX‐1 or LOX protein, although LOX protein was increased (p = 0.069). PGE2concentration in normal and OA HJC was similar (p = 1.0). LTB4concentration in OA HJC was significantly greater than normal HJC (p = 0.028). Significantly more COX‐1 (p = 0.0098), COX‐2 (p = 0.0028), and LOX (p = 0.0095) protein was present in OA FH tissue compared to normal FH tissue. There were no differences in PGE2or LTB4concentration in normal and OA FH tissue (p = 0.77 andp = 0.11). Together, these data suggest both COX‐2 and 5‐LOX are appropriate targets for the management of pain associated with naturally occurring OA. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Paracrine effect of transplanted rib chondrocyte spheroids supports formation of secondary cartilage repair tissue
Authors: Gelse Kolja , Brem Matthias , Klinger Patricia , Hess Andreas , Swoboda Bernd , Hennig Friedrich , Olk Alexander 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe study's objective was to investigate if transplanted chondrocyte or periosteal cell spheroids have influence on ingrowing bone marrow‐derived cells in a novel cartilage repair approach in miniature pigs. Autologous rib chondrocytes or periosteal cells were cultured as spheroids and press‐fitted into cavities that were milled into large, superficial chondral lesions of the patellar joint surface. Within the milled cavities, the subchondral bone plate was either penetrated or left intact (full‐thickness or partial‐thickness cavities). The transplantation of chondrocyte spheroids into full‐thickness cavities induced the formation of additional secondary repair cartilage that exceeded the original volume of the transplanted spheroids. The resulting continuous tissue was rich in proteoglycans and stained positive for type II collagen. Cell labeling revealed that secondarily invading repair cells did not originate from transplanted spheroids, but rather from arroded bone marrow. However, secondary invasion of repair cells was less pronounced following transplantation of periosteal cells and absent in partial‐thickness cavities. According to in vitro analyses, these observations could be ascribed to the ability of chondrocyte spheroids to secrete relevant amounts of bone morphogenetic protein‐2, which was not detected for periosteal cells. Transplanted chondrocyte spheroids exert a dual function: they provide cells for the repair tissue and have a stimulatory paracrine activity, which promotes ingrowth and chondrogenesis of bone marrow‐derived cells. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Root size and nitrogen‐uptake activity in two maize (Zea mays) inbred lines differing in nitrogen‐use efficiency
Authors: Liu Jinxin , Chen Fanjun , Olokhnuud Chunliang , Glass A. D. M. , Tong Yiping , Zhang Fusuo , Mi Guohua 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConsiderable differences in response to nitrogen (N) availability among plant species and cultivars have been well documented. Focusing on the uptake of N, it is not clear which factor or factors determine efficient N acquisition. Two maize (Zea maysL.) inbred lines (478, N‐efficient; W312, N‐inefficient) were used to compare the relative contribution of root uptake activity and root size to N acquisition. Nitrogen‐efficient inbred 478 had higher yields and accumulated more N under field conditions than W312 under both high‐ (135 kg N ha–1) and low‐N (no N supplied) conditions. The root system of 478, as indicated by total root length, root biomass, and root‐to‐shoot ratio, was larger and more responsive to low N stress. Especially, 478 developed more and longer axial roots at low N stress. On the contrary, the average N‐accumulation rate in 478 was lower than that of Wu312. In solution culture,13NO3–influx in 478 was lower than in W312 after 8 h of nitrate provision. The expression of nitrate‐transporter genesZmNRT1.1, ZmNRT2.1, ZmNRT2.2,andZmNAR2.1was stronger and lasted for a longer time after NO$ _3^- $induction in W312. It is concluded that the efficient N acquisition in 478 is due to (1) a larger root system and (2) a stronger response of root growth to low N induction.
The tumor suppressor NPRL2 in hepatocellular carcinoma plays an important role in progression and can be served as an independent prognostic factor
Authors: Otani Satoshi , Takeda Shin , Yamada Suguru , Sakakima Yoshikazu , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Nomoto Shuji , Kasuya Hideki , Kanazumi Naohito , Nagasaka Tetsurou , Nakao Akimasa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground/AimsHepatocarcinogenesis is a multifactorial, multistep process that involves the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes throughout the different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. NPRL2 is one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes identified on chromosome 3p21.3, a region which frequently contains genetic abnormalities found in the early stages of the development of various human cancers. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate NPRL2 expression in HCC and to explore the prognostic significance of NPRL2.MethodWe investigated NPRL2 mRNA expression in 70 HCC specimens, using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the correlation between NPRL2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters.ResultsNPRL2 mRNA was found to be expressed equally in both HCC tissues and corresponding non‐cancerous liver tissues. However, higher NPRL2 expression correlated significantly with tumor size (P = 0.0062) and serum PIVKA‐II levels (P = 0.0002). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that higher NPRL2 mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (risk ratio 0.39; P < 0.0001).ConclusionOur results suggest that NPRL2 mRNA expression has prognostic significance for the survival of patients with HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:358–363. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐travel by Hong Kong residents
Authors: McKercher Bob 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe study examined non‐travel by Hong Kong residents. Cluster analysis was used to segment the non‐travelling population into five groups. Overall, two‐thirds of non‐travellers indicated that taking a pleasure trip each year is unimportant to them. Yet, when asked to identify barriers to travel, lack of interest is cited rarely. Instead, intrapersonal barriers were identified as the most critical barriers by elderly singles and couples with low incomes. Affordability, work and family commitments were identified by all other groups. Non‐travellers simply do not have the travel bug and often have to rely on socially acceptable barriers to rationalise their lack of interest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations in the first MyTH4 domain of MYO15A are a common cause of DFNB3 hearing loss
Authors: Shearer A. Eliot , Hildebrand Michael S. , Webster Jennifer A. , Kahrizi Kimia , Meyer Nicole C. , Jalalvand Khadijeh , Arzhanginy Sanaz , Kimberling William J. , Stephan Dietrich , Bahlo Melanie , Smith Richard J. H. , Najmabadi Hossein 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives.To use clinical and genetic analyses to determine the mutation causing autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) segregating in two consanguineous Iranian families.Study Design.Family study.Methods.Members of each family received otologic and audiometric examination for the type and extent of hearing loss. Linkage mapping using Affymetrix 50K GeneChips and short tandem repeat (STRP) analysis localized the hearing loss in both families to the DFNB3 locus. Direct sequencing of the MYO15A gene was completed on affected members of both families.Results.Family L‐3165 segregated a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.6371G>A) that results in a p.R2124Q amino acid substitution in the myosin XVa protein, while family L‐896 segregated a novel homozygous missense (c.6555C>T) mutation resulting in a p.P2073S amino acid change.Conclusions.These are the first MYO15A mutations reported to cause DFNB3 sensorineural hearing loss in the Iranian population. Like other mutations located in the myosin tail homology 4 (MyTH4) domain, the p.R2124Q and p.P2073S mutations are predicted to disrupt the function of the myosin XVa protein, which is integral to the mechanosensory activity of hair cells in the inner ear. Laryngoscope, 2009
Water Transport Properties of pH‐Responsive Hydrogels Based on Poly(methacrylic acid) with Polyether Side Chains by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Quijada‐Garrido Isabel , Prior‐Cabanillas Alberto , París Rodrigo , Frutos Gloria , Barrales‐Rienda José M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree pH‐responsive hydrogel families have been synthesized through the photopolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) with: i) a poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer, P(MAA‐co‐PEGMEMA), ii) a poly(propylene glycol) macromonomer, P(MAA‐co‐PPGMEMA), and iii) the two above‐mentioned macromonomers, to give a terpolymer P(MAA‐co‐PEGMEMA‐co‐PPGMEMA). Their swelling properties at pH 7 have been investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Equimolecular compositions of both P(MAA‐co‐PEGMEMA) and P(MAA‐co‐PPGMEMA) hydrogels showed the lowest swelling kinetics rates. For P(MAA‐co‐PEGMEMA‐co‐PPGMEMA) hydrogels, the different structure of the side chains established an antagonist effect on the swelling. In addition, from the MRI intensity profiles and taking into account the first stage of the swelling, water diffusion coefficients (D) have been estimated.magnified image
Extending logistic regression to provide full‐probability‐distribution MOS forecasts
Authors: Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStatistical post‐processing of dynamical forecasts, using the Model Output Statistics (MOS) approach, continues to be an essential component of weather forecasting. Even in the current era of ensemble forecasting, ensemble‐MOS methods are used to transform raw ensemble forecasts into well‐calibrated probability forecasts. Logistic regression has been found to be an especially useful method for this purpose for predictands, such as precipitation amounts, that are distinctly non‐Gaussian. However, the usual implementation of logistic regression fits separate forecast equations for different predictand thresholds, yielding finite sets of threshold probabilities rather than full forecast probability distributions. Furthermore, these individual threshold probabilities are not constrained to be mutually consistent, so that negative probabilities may be implied for some ranges of the predictand. In this paper, logistic regressions are extended to yield full continuous, and coherent, probability distribution forecasts by including the predictand threshold itself as an additional predictor in the forecast equation. The procedure is illustrated using 6–10 day precipitation forecasts for a sample of locations in the U.S., drawn from the GFS reforecast dataset. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Microvascular anastomotic aneurysms in the clinical setting: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lykoudis Efstathios G. , Papanikolaou George E. , Katsikeris Nick F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMicrovascular anastomotic aneurysms are an uncommon complication in reconstructive surgery, which can lead to free flap failure or even threaten the life of the patient. The literature referring to microvascular anastomotic aneurysms was reviewed in order to highlight their clinical presentation, diagnostic work‐up, and therapeutic management. Also, a case of a ruptured aneurysm following free transfer of a fibula flap to the lower face is presented. No prospective studies were found. Only few case reports and some sporadic cases in retrospective studies referring to free flap complications were identified. All the aneurysms were false, the main etiologic factor was assumed to be infection, and the presenting signs were either arterial bleeding, as a result of rupture, or the presence of a pulsating mass. No widely accepted therapeutic guidelines were found, and the treatment was tailored to the specific clinical presentation of each case. Regarding the reported case, excision of the ruptured aneurysm and restoration of vascular continuity with a vein graft ensured complete survival of the flap. In conclusion, microvascular anastomotic aneurysms, although uncommon, represent a complication that every reconstructive surgeon should be aware of. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial for a successful outcome. Selection of the appropriate treatment should be based on the presenting sign, the location, the degree of flap neovascularization as well as the condition and quality of the recipient bed; and comprises either ligation of the nutrient artery or excision of the aneurysm and restoration of arterial continuity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Vein grafting in fingertip replantations
Authors: Yan Hede , Jackson William D. , Songcharoen Somjade , Akdemir Ovunc , Li Zhijie , Chen Xinglong , Jiang Liangfu , Gao Weiyang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this retrospective study, the survival rates of fingertip replantation with and without vein grafting were evaluated along with their postoperative functional and cosmetic results. One hundred twenty‐one‐fingertip amputations were performed in 103 patients between September 2002 and July 2007. Thirty‐four amputated fingertips were replanted without vein grafting, while 87 amputated fingertips were replanted with vein grafting for arterial and/or venous repairs. The overall survival rates of the replantations with and without vein grafting were 90% (78/87) and 85% (29/34), respectively. The survival rates were 88% (36/41) with venous repair, 93% (25/27) with arterial repair, and 89% (17/19) with both. Nineteen patients without vein grafting and 48 patients with vein grafting had a follow‐up period of more than one year. Good cosmetic and functional outcomes were observed in both groups of patients. The results show that vein grafting is a reliable technique in fingertip replantations, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05) in survival between those with and without vein grafting. Furthermore, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in survival was found between cases with vein grafts for arterial and/or venous repairs. In fingertip replantations with vein grafting, favorable functional and esthetic results can be achieved without sacrificing replantation survival. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Molecular structures of regioisomeric 7‐arylidene hexahydroindazoles from 1H NMR spectra
Authors: Pivnenko Nikolay S. , Turov Alexander V. , Abakumov Vladimir V. , Kutulya Lidiya A. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe structural characterization of two regioisomeric products of the interaction of 2,6‐bis‐(4‐methoxybenzylidene)‐3R‐methylcyclohexanone with methyl hydrazine was achieved using 1H NMR spectral data, including chemical shifts, coupling constants and results of COSY and nuclear overhauser effect (NOE) experiments. Configurations of the new chiral centers in the (3S,3aR,6R,7E)‐7‐(4‐methoxybenzylidene)‐3,4,5,7‐hexahydro‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐ and 2,4‐dimethyl‐2H‐indazoles were assigned on the basis of experimental data combined with molecular modeling by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The distinction in the helical twisting power of studied compounds under addition to a nematic liquid crystal is discussed on the basis of peculiarities of the molecular structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.