bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulins with hapten‐binding activity: structure‐function correlations and genetic implications
Authors: Barstad P. , Hubert J. , Hunkapiller M. , Goetze A. , Schilling J. , Black B. , Eaton Barbara , Richards J. , Weigert M. , Hood L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe N‐terminal amino acid sequences of light and heavy chains from mouse myeloma immunoglobulins binding a variety of simple haptens are compared through the first hypervariable region with available sequences from the literature. These comparisons suggest that (a) the heavy chain sequences correlate closely with their respective hapten‐binding specificity, and (b) light chain sequences correlate closely in the case of some specificities (e.g., carbohydrate moieties) but fall into several distinct sets with others (e.g., phosphorylcholine and 2,4‐dinitrophenyl), We suggest that carbohydrate moieties may bind to the antibody combining site by multiple weak noncovalent interactions that require precise complementarity over an extended portion of the combining site. Accordingly, both the light and heavy chains are highly conserved. In contrast, the phosphorylcholine and 2,4‐dinitrophenyl moieties are small and have many possibilities for ionic or charge transfer interactions, but presumably occupy only a small portion of the active site crevice. Hence, a variety of light chain sequences are compatible with active sites that bind these haptens. Even in the case of a small hapten such as phosphorylcholine, however, the light chain sequences place important constraints on the interactions between hapten and immunoglobulin. Heavy/light chain recombination studies reported in this paper reveal the importance of specific heavy/light chain pairing for generation of the antibody specificity to phosphorylcholine. These chain recombination and sequence data also impose important constraints on certain theories of antibody diversity which are discussed.
Stimulation of specific suppressor T cells in newborn responder mice by the terpolymer L‐glutamic acid60‐L‐alanine30‐L‐tyrosine10 (GAT)
Authors: Debre P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of immunization with the terpolymer of L‐glutamic acid60‐L‐alanine40‐L‐tyrosine10 (GAT), the copolymers of L‐glutamic acid60‐L‐alanine40 (GA) and of L‐glutamic acid50‐L‐tyrosine50 (GT), were compared in adult and newborn BALB/c and BALB.B mice. As expected, BALB/c (H‐2d) and BALB.B (H‐2b) adult mice were responders to GAT and GA and nonresponders to GT, which induced suppressor T cells in BALB/c but not in BALB.B mice. In contrast, newborn mice expressed different phenotypes. Two‐week‐old mice developed responses to GAT, GA and GT‐complexed methylated bovine serum albumin, but immunization at birth with these copolymers induced a cross‐reactive tolerance in both strains. Neonatal GAT tolerance could be transferred in adult and involved suppressor T cells in the two inbred strains, whereas the GT‐specific immune suppression was not demonstrable in newborn BALB/c mice. The significance of these data to our understanding of the regulation of specific immune response and tolerance is discussed.
Studies on induction and control of cell‐mediated autoimmunity II. Prevention of induction and activity of autoreactive T cells by suppressor cells and by a suppressive serum factor
Authors: L'age‐Stehr Johanna , Diamantstein T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAutoreactive T lymphocytes (T‐ARC) can be detected in the spleen of mice treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) (125 mg/kg), a peak occurring 6 days after CY injection. Eight days after CY treatment, the mice develop a specific anergic state. This anergic state can be transferred to normal syngeneic animals by either splenic nylon wool‐nonadherent lymphocytes (suppressor cells, S‐ARC) or by the serum of anergic mice, implying the development of an active suppressive mechanism due to CY treatment. Precursors of both potentially T‐ARC as well as S‐ARC coexist in the spleen of normal animals. Precursors of S‐ARC present in the spleen and in the thymus of normal animals are sensitive to CY. However, committed S‐ARC obtained from anergic mice are resistant to CY. Committed S‐ARC as well as their precursors prevent induction of T‐ARC. Committed S‐ARC counteract expression of committed T‐ARC activity, whereas precursors of S‐ARC fail to do so.The autoimmune phenomenon described here represents an in vivo animal model system for induction of T‐ARC and for the control mechanism which normally prevents induction and/or expression of cell‐mediated autoreactivity by specific suppressor cells and by suppressive factors.
Characterization of natural killer (NK) cells and killer (K) cells in human blood: Discrimination between NK and K cell activities
Authors: Bolhuis R. L. H. , Schuit H. R. E. , Nooyen A. M. , Ronteltap C. P. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell suspensions enriched and depleted for rosette‐forming cells with sheep red blood cells (E‐RFC) and depleted for RFC with antibody complexes were prepared. The isolated fractions were characterized by cell surface marker analysis and tested for their natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cell activity against K‐562 cells and IgG‐coated P‐815 cells, growing in suspension, and against a number of monolayer tumor cell lines. It was found that the NK cells most likely belong to the T cell lymphocyte subpopulation. Furthermore, this study indicates that several subpopulations exist, e.g. NK cells that have no IgG Fc receptor (FcR) on their surface and NK cells that bear IgG FcR, indicating that for a proportion of NK cells the IgG FcR is not involved in the NK lytic process and hence antibody‐independent. Moreover, monocytes and B lymphocytes appear not to be directly involved in the NK cell lytic process.Furthermore, cell separation procedures were used to obtain cell suspensions either bearing IgG FcR or lacking IgG FcR. Cells bearing IgG FcR were isolated in such a way that they lost their IgG FcR by shedding, as a result of the separation procedure. Again, all fractions were simultaneously characterized by cell surface marker analysis and tested for their NK and K cell lytic activity. The effect of immune complexes on the NK and K cell lytic activities was investigated. The data indicate that the IgG FcR is not involved in the NK lytic mechanism, although this receptor may be present on the NK cell. Moreover, prolonged culturing of lymphocytes increases and/or induces NK cell lytic activity.
Some chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing surface immunoglobulins share determinants with T cells
Authors: Boumsell Laurence , Bernard A. , Lepage Virginia , Degos L. , Lemerle J. , Dausset J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne set of antigens is common to some chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells bearing surface immunoglobulins (Ig) and normal T cells. Proliferating cells from thirty‐eight patients were studied with four antisera recognizing normal human T but not B cells. These antisera were raised in rabbits against (a) Sezary cells, (b) blood lymphocytes from a patient with sex‐linked agammaglobulinemia, (c) T lymphoblasts and (d) thymus cells. In four CLL cases, the cells expressed the receptor for sheep erythrocytes and lacked surface Ig. Cells from thirty‐four CLL cases bore monoclonal surface Ig and did not bind sheep erythrocytes. Twelve out of these thirty‐four cases of CLL had cells which were lysed by one or, more frequently, by the four anti‐human T cell xenoantisera. By absorption experiments, one set of at least three antigens common to the cells of some of these CLL and T cells was defined. Depending on the patient, the cells can either carry one, some or all of the antigens of this set. However, it was also demonstrated by absorption that these cells lacked antigens particular to the T cell lineage, while the cells from T CLL cases carried both sets of antigens.
The clonal analysis of cytotoxic lymphocytes against 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐modified cells
Authors: Ching Lai‐Ming , Marbrook John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency and specificity of clones of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) produced when (CBA × C57BL)F1 spleen cell populations were cultured with 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐modified syngeneic F1 cells, was examined. The frequency of clones which lysed F1‐TNP targets was 1/3.3 × 104 spleen cells, and the frequency of clones which lysed the modified parental cells, CBA‐TNP and C57BL‐TNP was 1/6.7 × 104 and 1/2.9 × 105 spleen cells, respectively. Using a clonal analysis of the specificity of the CL, it was shown that the majority of the clones of CL which lysed the two modified parental targets, were specific for one or the other of the targets. Activity against modified allogeneic DBA/2‐TNP targets was also detected. The activity against DBA/2‐TNP targets was due mainly to clones of CL which were specific for DBA/2‐TNP targets. Only a minor part of the activity was due to clones which were cross‐reactive for both F1‐TNP and DBA/2‐TNP target cells.
Interaction of anti‐staphylococcal protein A antisera with Fc receptor‐bearing human normal lymphocytes
Authors: Biguzzi Sergio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStaphylococcal protein A (SpA) is known to bind the Fc region of IgG of most mammalians and to possess biologic activity both in vivo and in vitro, where it acts as a lymphocyte polyclonal mitogen. Its binding to the Feγ portion bears many features of the antibody‐antigen interaction, such as the dissociation constant, lattice formation, and complement activation. Moreover, SpA seems to compete with membrane Fc receptors for IgG so that the possibility of an interaction with the same CH domain(s) of IgG can be considered. In the present study, evidence is given that anti‐SpA anti‐sera obtained from chickens and rabbits are able to inhibit EA rosette formation by normal human lymphocytes and that they are able to recognize, with immunofluorescent staining, a subpopulation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) that closely resembles that of EA rosette‐forming cells (RFC). Moreover, the depletion of EA RFC by means of a single gradient centrifugation is accomplished by the parallel depletion of PBL stainable by anti‐SpA antisera. The relevance of these results in the hypothesis of a similarity between the combining sites of SpA and membrane Fc receptor(s) for IgG is discussed.
IgA‐containing plasma cells in the lamina propria of the gut: failure of a thoracic duct fistula to deplete the numbers in rat small intestine
Authors: Mayrhofer G. , Fisher R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe quantitative importance of the traffic of large lymphocytes through the thoracic duct to the maintenance of the IgA‐containing plasma cell population of the lamina propria of the gut was examined by draining the thoracic duct for periods of time up to 10 days. Contrary to the expectation that IgA‐secreting plasma cell numbers in the small intestine would decline exponentially with a half‐time of approximately 5 days, the numbers of cells remained relatively constant after an initial decline in the first 4 days of lymphatic diversion. Results of in vivo pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine suggest that plasma cell numers are maintained by cell proliferation within the intestinal lamina propria, and that this is a compensatory mechanism brought into play by removal of the normal supply of precursors from the thoracic duct. The compensatory local recruitment of dividing plasma cell precursors principally involves those committed to IgA synthesis. It is suggested that thoracic duct lymph diversion calls into play a local mechanism to make up the deficit of plasma cell precursors lost in the lymph. This may be an accentuation of normal regulation of IgA synthesis in the lamina propria, and suggests that the homing of thoracic duct large lymphocytes is not the only source of renewal of gut plasma cells.
Anti‐V region framework antibodies affect the ligand binding of VL dimer
Authors: Ben‐Neriah Yinon , Givol David , Gavish Moshe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of antibodies to the light chain variable region (VL) of protein MOPC‐315 (a, Λ2), on the binding of hapten by VL315 dimer or Fv315 (VL + VH) was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Anti‐VL did not change the binding properties of Fv but affected the binding properties of VL dimer. At pH 5, the binding properties of VL in the presence or absence of anti‐VL were the same, whereas at pH 8, anti‐VL reduced the number of ligands bound to VL from two to one. It has previously been shown that VLdimer binds one ligand at pH 5 and two ligands at pH 8, and that VL conformation at pH 5 is tighter. Hence, our results suggest that anti‐VL tightens the conformation of VL dimer at pH 8.0 such that it can bind only one ligend. Since Fv is not affected by anti‐VL, the results indicate that a combining site made of two identical chains (VLdimer) can undergo a conformational change upon interaction with its antibody. Such conformational change can indirectly affect the binding properties.
Regulation of delayed‐type hypersensitivity. IV. Antigen‐specific suppressor cells for delayed‐type hypersensitivity induced by lipopolysaccharide and sheep erythrocytes in mice
Authors: Gill Harvinda K. , Liew Foo Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice injected subcutaneous with 1 × 108 sheep red blood cells (SRBC) developed high levels of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBC 4–8 days after injection. Such DTH was suppressed when 100 μg lip polysaccharide (LPS) was injected intravenously 1–2 days before or at the time of SRBC injection. This suppression of DTH was transferable by spleen, lymph node, thymus and bone marrow cells to sensitize or normal syngeneic recipients, but could not be transferred by serum. Suppressor cells were not induced by LPS alone or SRBC alone, and they were antigen‐specific since DTH to chicken red blood cells was not affected. The suppressor cells appeared in the spleen in optimum number 3–4 days after induction. They were theta‐negative and Ig‐positive as judged by antiserum plus complement treatment and by Ig rosette separation. Attempts to obtain soluble suppressor factor from the suppressor cells by sanitation or in vitro incubation were unsuccessful. Mitomycin C treatment of the suppressor cells completely abolished the suppressor activity. Thus, LPS, in conjunction with antigen, appears to induce a population of specific suppressor B cells which are capable of regulating T cell function.
Mycoplasma neurolyticum: a potent mitogen for rat B lymphocytes
Authors: Naot Yehudith , Merchav Shoshana , Ginsburg Haim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mitogen prepared from Mycoplasma neurolyticum has been demonstrated to induce extensive transformation of in vitro cultured rat B lymphocytes. The data summarized in this report show that rat thymus cells as well as hydrocortisone‐resistant thymocytes were not activated by this mitogenic agent. On the other hand, spleen cells obtained from thymectomized, lethally irradiated and bone marrow‐reconstituted rats were extensively activated by M. neurolyticum. Furthermore, M. neurolyticum was shown to induce the development of antibody‐producing cells, as attested by the appearance of direct plaque‐forming cells against sheep red blood cells and trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cells in spleen cell cultures exposed to this mitogen. It was also demonstrated that stimulation of rat lymphocytes by this mitogen was inhibited by anti‐rat immunoglobulin antibodies.In view of these data, it was suggested that M. neurolyticum, which activates mouse B lymphocytes, is a potent mitogen for rat B lymphocytes as well. This mitogen is a significantly more powerful mitogen for rat B lymphocytes than any other known mitogens. The availability of such mitogenic material in the rat system will enable studies on control mechanisms of action and differentiation of rat B lymphocytes.
Fine specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes: C57BL effector cells induced by autologous cells modified with hapten (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NIP) are not heteroclitic
Authors: Andó Istvan , Kisielow Pawel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated to syngeneic cells derivatized with serologically cross‐reactive compounds (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NP) and (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NIP) in order to investigate the possible role of a heteroclytic T and B cell receptor marker (U. Krawinkel et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1977. 7: 566) in CTL‐target cell interaction. The cytotoxic cells of both BALB/c and C57BL/10 (B 10) origin react specifically with target cells of the inducer type; no heteroclicity of the overall cytotoxic response can be observed by CTL of B 10 origin. The results suggest that in this system, the specificity of CTL is determined by a receptor with a variable region different from that of the isolated NP‐specific antigen‐ binding T cell receptor material.
Relationship between histocompatibility antigens, other surface determinants and the IgE receptor on rat mast cells
Authors: Mossmann Horst , Schmitz Balthasar , Lauer Wolfgang , Staufier Uta , Gehrung Marina , Günther Eberhard , Hammer Dietrich K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat alloantibodies recognizing classical transplantation antigens (CTA) or non‐H‐1 determinants were able to compete effectively with monomeric IgE or IgG‐coated sheep erythrocytes for receptor sites on the rat mast cell surface. Inhibitory capacity, however, was entirely confined to anti‐CTA antibodies of the IgG2a subclass, whereas IgG1 antibodies lacked this ability.Analogously, F(ab')2 fragments of anti‐CTA antibody consistently failed to affect IgE binding, but exposure of cell‐bound F(ab′)2 to anti‐rat IgG restored its inhibitory capacity. From these results it was concluded that receptor sites recognizing the Fc portion of the anti‐CTA molecule are involved in the inhibition process.Based on a cytotoxicity assay and on comparative absorption studies on alloantisera, the existence and relative amount of CTA and I region‐associated antigens on purified rat mast cells and lymph node cells were analyzed. Whereas the CTA concentration per unit surface area on both cell types was very similar, rat mast cells consistently lacked Ia antigens.
Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity against tumor cells. I. Cultivated bone marrow‐derived macrophages kill tumor targets
Authors: Lohmann‐Matthes Marie‐Luise , Domzig Wolfgang , Taskov Hristo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse bone marrow cells are cultivated in a liquid culture system in the presence of fibroblast conditioned medium. Under these conditions, proliferation of macrophage and granulocyte precursor cells is induced. Cells of a 5‐day‐old culture are shown to act as cytotoxic effector cells against tumor targets such as P815, E14, YAC and L5178 Y. The effector cell is of macrophage origin since it is susceptible to treatment with the alloantiserum Mph‐1.2 plus complement. The kinetics of the reaction resembles the kinetics for killer (K) lymphocyte lysis. In contrast to bone marrow cells, peritoneal macrophages do not show cytotoxic activity against antibody‐coated tumor targets although they are susceptible to activation to cytotoxicity by lymphokines. The possible relationship of bone marrow effector cells and K lymphocytes is discussed.
In vitro induction of delayed‐type hypersensitivity
Authors: Bretscher Peter A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine spleen cells, cultured in vitro for 6 days in the presence of high concentrations of burro erythrocytes (BRBC), are sensitized to exhibit delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) specific for this antigen. Such cells, on being injected with antigen into the footpads of normal mice, cause a 24‐h swelling reaction. This activity of the cultured cells requires the presence of BRBC both during the in vitro incubation and in the footpad. The activity of the sensitized cells in causing swelling is sensitive to anti‐Thy‐1 antibody and complement, and the kinetics of the swelling reaction are characteristic of a DTH response. In vivo low‐dose priming of the spleen cell donors considerably enhances the ability of the cultured cells to cause swelling. This system provides a means of studying the regulation of the induction of DTH in vitro.
Induction Of Thymocytotoxic Autoantibodies After Injection of Bacterial lipopolysaccharides in Mice
Authors: Izui Shozo , Kobayakawa Takatoshi , Louis Jacques , Lambert Paul‐Henri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli LPS) has been shown to induce thymocytotoxic autoantibodies in various strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, DBA/2, AKR, A/J and C3HeB/FeJ). Titers up to 1:16 were observed. Such antibodies did not develop in C3H/HeJ mice which are low responders to LPS. The thymocytotoxic antibodies had the following characteristics: (a) 2‐mercaptoethanol sensitivity, (b) optimal reactivity at 4 °C, (c) cytotoxicity for autologous and syngeneic thymocytes but not for spleen cells. The cytotoxicity decreased after absorption with thymocytes, spleen cells or brain tissue but not with kidney or liver homogenates. These LPS‐induced thymocytotoxic antibodies were similar to the natural thymocytotoxic antibody occurring in NZB mice.
Lysolecithin analogs as adjuvants in delayed‐type hypersensitivity in mice. II. Studies on the mode of action
Authors: Arnold Bernd , Staber Frit Z. G. , Miller Jacques F. A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLysolecithin analogs (LLA) possess adjuvant activity in delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH). To elucidate their mode of action, we studied the influence of LLA on the recruitment of hemopoietic progenitor cells and on the induction and transfer of DTH. Whereas the number and composition of colony‐forming cells (CFC) in the bone marrow remained unaltered in LLA‐treated mice, the number of CFC in the spleen was augmented severalfold, and the content of macrophage progenitors was remarkably increased. DTH was induced with macrophages from peritoneal cells (PC) pulsed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). A more marked DTH response was obtained with KLH‐pulsed PC from LLA‐treated mice than from mice given phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). On the other hand, there was no difference in the DTH response following adoptive transfer of sensitized cells to naive mice pretreated either with PBS or LLA. It is concluded that the adjuvant effect of LLA can be accounted for partly in terms of their effects on macrophage progenitors and partly in terms of a more effective T cell activation by antigens associated with LLA‐derived macrophages.
Platelet‐activating factor and macrophages. I. Evidence for the release from rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages and not from mastocytes
Authors: Mencia‐Huerta Jean Michel , Benveniste Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid mediator of anaphylaxis, released from basophils of several mammalian species, that aggregates platelets and releases their vasoactive amines. The ionophore A23 187 induced the release of PAF from rat and mouse peritoneal cells, a mixed cell population that was fractionated using 5–15 % Ficoll gradients and adherence to plastic petri dishes. PAF was associated with large, acid phosphatase‐containing, adherent mononuclear cells. Mastocytes did not release PAF but released histamine by the action of ionophore or 48/80; they could not be held responsible for inactivation of PAF or inhibition of the PAF‐induced platelet aggregation.These data indicate that, besides blood basophils, peritoneal macrophages are a likely source for PAF, a result that adds a new important function to the macrophage: aggregation of platelets and liberation of their inflammatory and vasoactive substances.