bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confidential enquiry as a tool in diabetic pregnancy care
Authors: Hawthorne GC , Wright C 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe perinatal mortality for diabetic pregnancy remains five times higher than the background population. The Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Survey has, in association with the local organisation of the National Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy (CESDI), selected some of the deaths in diabetic pregnancy for confidential enquiry on a regional basis. The process of the enquiry is described. As the number of cases is too small, no recommendations for management are made. An extension of this process of enquiry across England and Wales would enable the aggregated results to be published and trends or patterns in problems with care in diabetic pregnancy identified.
A box for your pills?
Authors: Rutter MK , Stewart MW 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAspirin use is frequently omitted from the medical records of people with diabetes. In this study we revised our clinical review form to document aspirin usage amongst patients with large vessel disease. In a comparison of 50 ‘old’ and 50 ‘new’ forms used in patient groups comparable for age and gender, the proportion of patients documented as taking aspirin was significantly higher on the new forms (p = 0.001). We suggest that the inclusion of a simple box on clinical review forms is likely to improve documentation and appropriate use of aspirin in both primary and secondary prevention.
Patient acceptability and safety of a new 3.0 ml pre‐filled insulin pen in a clinical setting
Authors: Llewelyn JA , Martin J , Bates PC 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis multi‐national study was designed to examine the acceptability and safety of a new 3.0 ml pre‐filled insulin pen in clinical use. There were 74 patients (60 with type 1 and 14 with type 2 diabetes) who completed the eight week study during which all insulin injections were administered using the new pens. Patients were familiar with the use of insulin pens before the study and they maintained their pre‐study insulin regimens during the study. At the final visit each patient completed a questionnaire which assessed the ease of use of the new pen and compared it with the pre‐study delivery system. Features of the new pen which were ranked highly included: dose correction, re‐setting after dose delivery, cartridge visibility and dialling the insulin dose. More than 50% said that they would prefer to use the new pen in the future and 74% said that they would recommend the pen to other people with diabetes. Safety was assessed from adverse events, the vast majority of which were mild. Such clinical testing is important to ensure that technical improvements result in real patient benefits and this study demonstrated that the new pen had a high patient acceptability with a clinically acceptable safety profile.
Life threatening hypoglycaemia due to previously unrecognised coeliac disease in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bhattacharyya A , Tymms DJ 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCoeliac disease is currently recognised to be associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the presentation varies. We report a patient with long‐standing type 1 diabetes presenting to us with life‐threatening hypoglycaemia for two years before the coexistence of coeliac disease was recognised. Following dietary intervention, her symptoms and life style improved remarkably. We conclude that any unexplained hypoglycaemia in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus should make us think of coexisting coeliac disease.
Coronary risk factors in post‐menopausal type 2 patients: A case for oestrogen replacement therapy
Authors: Ismail AA , Gill GV 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have explored detailed coronary artery disease risk factors in a group of 257 people with type 2 diabetes aged>50 years (130 women, 127 men) with a mean (SD) age of 66±8 years and diabetes duration of 9±7 years. Major coronary risk factors were highly adverse in women, in particular total cholesterol (6.1±1.3vs. 5.3±1.1 mmol/L, p < 0.0001), triglyceride (2.5±1.4 vs. 2.0±1.1 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and LDL‐cholesterol (3.8±1.0vs. 3.4±1.1 mmol/L, p < 0.005). HbA1c (8.1±1.7vs. 7.5±1.6%, p < 0.005) and Body Mass Index (31.0±6.5 vs. 28.7±4.6, p < 0.005) were also significantly higher in women. Hypertension was more common (43% vs. 33%) and smoking rates lower (21% vs. 27%), but these differences were not significant. HDL‐cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) levels and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) were similar between sexes. Angina was more common in women than men (38% vs. 26%, p < 0.05). Our results show that female type 2 diabetic patients of post‐menopausal age have significantly adverse lipid profiles compared to age and duration‐matched male counterparts. In addition, they have poor glycaemic control, and a greater degree of obesity. These results raise the question of whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be beneficial in these patients.
Evaluation of 8 mm insulin pen needles in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ross SA , Jamal R , Leiter LA , Josse RG , Parkes JL , Qu S , Kerestan SP , Ginsberg BH 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied whether the use of 8 mm insulin pen needles, shorter than the standard 12.7 mm needles, affects glucose control in obese and non‐obese people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. A prospective, open‐label, nine‐week, crossover study involved 106 insulin pen‐using patients. During the initial period, all subjects used B‐D brand standard length needles. In the second period, subjects were randomised to either B‐D or NovoFine brand 8 mm pen needles. In the third period, subjects were crossed over to the alternative brand. Fructosamine levels were measured, leakage of insulin from injection sites was quantified, and pain was assessed. Glucose control was not altered in either obese or nonobese subgroups after switching to either brand of 8 mm needle. However, a few individuals, most of whom were obese, experienced a clinically significant increase in fructosamine levels after switching to an 8 mm needle. B‐D 8 mm needles were significantly less painful than either of the other needles tested. Obese subjects were significantly more likely to experience insulin leakage from their injection sites compared to non‐obese people, but the leakage was not significantly correlated with changes in fructosamine levels. Non‐obese people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes can switch to 8 mm insulin pen needles without compromising their glucose control and with less pain. Some obese patients who switch to 8 mm needles may have a higher risk of poorer glucose control, and should therefore consult with their healthcare professional. All patients should carefully monitor their blood glucose when changing to a shorter needle.
Pilot study of prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients with diabetes attending a hospital clinic
Authors: Elhadd TA , Robb R , Jung RT , Stonebridge PA , Belch JJF 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a pilot study, we have estimated the crude prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic, using the sensitive Doppler ultrasound measurement of systolic ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI). This was compared with the available clinical methods of PAOD detection, ie peripheral pulse palpation. We have also investigated whether the measurement of toe systolic pressure (TSP) improved the detection rate of PAOD amongst those who had a normal ABPI. Of the 48 patients studied, 12 had palpable dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulse and 36 had absent pulse. Patients were of both types of diabetes mellitus, had no history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and did not have symptoms suggestive of intermittent claudication. An ABPI value of>0.9 was taken as normal. TSP was assessed by a strain gauge method. All patients who had palpable pulses had an ABPI > 1.0 with median (range) 1.10(1.01–1.30). Of those who had impalpable pulses, 18 patients had evidence of significant peripheral arterial insufficiency with an ABPI median (range) of 0.76 (0.49–0.89) and 18 patients had a normal ABPI with median (range) of 1.08 (0.92–1.25). TSP measurements were not different from the ankle systolic pressure. The study groups were no different in terms of their duration of diabetes, smoking habit, Body Mass Index or glycated haemoglobin levels, but those in the group with a low ABPI were significantly older, p<0.05. The prevalence of asymptomatic PAOD in our study cohort was 33% We conclude that palpable pulses are a predictor of normal ABPI, but impalpable pulses are not a strong predictor of PAOD.
The health‐related quality of life of diabetic patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Wandell PE 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPsychiatric disorders are more common in diabetic than in non‐diabetic subjects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of psychiatric disorders on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of diabetic patients, using the Swedish Health‐Related Quality of Life Survey (SWED‐QUAL), a generic HRQOL questionnaire developed from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). A total of 413 diabetic patients (including both type 1 and type 2) were contacted, and 289 replied to the questionnaire.Diabetic patients with a psychiatric disorder (n = 38) showed a decreased HRQOL on three out of 13 scales (p<0.01) compared with diabetic patients with no psychiatric disorder (n = 251), ie on ‘role limitations due to emotional health’, ‘sleep problems’, and ‘cognitive functioning’. Compared with the standard population sample (SPS) controls, diabetic patients with psychiatric disorders showed a decreased HRQOL on ten scales, and patients with no psychiatric disease on six scales (p<0.01). The use of psycho‐active drugs was associated with a worse outcome with respect to the HRQOL, ie in 24.4% of the diabetic patients, compared with 14.8% with a psychiatric disorder.The conclusion is that patients with psychiatric disorders are a large subgroup in the diabetes population and that these disorders have a considerable impact on the HRQOL, thus demanding special efforts towards better care.
Ketosis‐onset diabetes associated with acanthosis nigricans: A sign of long‐term insulin‐dependency?
Authors: Chan NN , Darko D , O'Shea D , Feher MD 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous marker of insulin resistance, hyperinsu‐linaemia and obesity, and is often seen clinically in association with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus1,2. Ketosis in type 2 diabetes, with3,4 or without metabolic acidosis,5 has been reported in patients with acanthosis nigricans, who required large doses of insulin to achieve adequate glycaemic control, reflecting the co‐existent insulin‐resistant state. Recently the classification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes has been debated, with a view that these metabolic states should no longer be regarded as separate entities but rather as a continuum,5 since it has been shown that the presence of ketosis does not necessarily predict future insulin‐dependency. This has been illustrated in several cases in which patients fell into the category of ‘ketosis‐onset diabetes with subsequent non‐insulin‐dependency’5−7 We describe two cases of ketosis‐onset diabetes with cutaneous signs of insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans) as further evidence to suggest that long‐term insulin is not always required in this category of patients.
A simple and cost‐effective diabetic clinic database
Authors: Ismail AA , Gill GV , Beeching NJ , Gill GV , Houghton GM 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComputerised diabetes clinic databases are considered to be vital for properly organised care, but setting up such systems may be impeded by financial and manpower shortages. During a recent 12 month period, a research nurse in our Diabetes Centre abstracted demographic, medical and risk factor data onto a standard pro forma, before each clinic. The data were entered onto a public domain computer database. Data were obtained on a total of 3132 patients, 46% female, mean (SD) age 57±15 years, and mean (SD) duration of diabetes 9.2 (9.1) years. Eighty‐five per cent had type 2 and 15% had type 1 diabetes; 33% were on insulin treatment, 25% diet and 42% tablets. Data extraction took a mean of 3.2 minutes, and entry 2.0 minutes per case. The total manpower cost was £0.85 per patient, estimated costs for setting up the whole database were £3900, and annual maintenance costs are £1200. An effective and useful clinic computer database can be set up cheaply and easily.
Can we improve the education for type 2 diabetes patients in general practice?. A pilot study of the effects of differing educational delivery methods
Authors: Bradshaw Colin , Bryce Celia , McColl Elaine , Eccles Martin , Sampson Rod 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEducation is widely regarded as fundamental to good diabetes care yet, in the UK, it is often low in the practical priorities of clinicians running a busy clinic. In addition, many clinicians are not trained in the production or delivery of educational packages for adults. In this pilot project we employed a person trained in adult education to develop a structured educational programme on foot care, management and natural history of diabetes. The programme ran concurrently using three different methods in three practices. The education was provided in one practice by the clinicians, in the second by video and the clinicians and in the third by the adult educator and clinicians. Patient knowledge, HbA1c, weight and smoking status were assessed before and after the programme. There were baseline differences in the practices with patients in the video practice scoring higher for knowledge. Post‐programme assessment showed that there had been improvement in knowledge levels in the practice with the in situ adult educator and an increase in incorrect answers in the traditional practice. There had been no change in HbA1c, weight or comfort with diabetes but 41.2% of smokers stated they had ceased over the period of the study.
New fubdubgs frin ‘the largest ever diabetes congress’
Authors: Wroe W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFirst, the statistics. This year's EASD meeting on 28 September—2 October was the largest ever, with 10 039 delegates from over 80 countries taking part—including, it should be noted, Miss America (Nicole Johnson), a person who has not allowed her diabetes to stand in the way of her successful and busy life. It was the largest congress on diabetes ever held—twice the size of the last American Diabetes Association meeting—and the general interest in the research and clinical presentations was reflected in the fact that 105 journalists attended.
Preparation of poly(IPDI‐PTMO‐siloxanes) and influence of siloxane structure on reactivity and mechanical properties
Authors: Li Chien‐Yu , Chen Jui‐Hung , Chien Pei‐Chi , Chiu Wen‐Yen , Chen Ruei‐Shin , Don Trong‐Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSiloxane‐modified polyurethanes were prepared through isophorone diisocyanates (IPDI), poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO), and siloxanes. IPDI served as the hard segment in the structure. Both PTMO and siloxanes were diols and served as the soft segments. In addition, different chemical structures of siloxanes were used, in which siloxane chains would remain in the main chain of polyurethanes (PU) or become the side chain of PU. First, the reactivities of PTMO and siloxanes to react with IPDI in bulk system were studied through DSC, in which the reaction heat was related to their reactivities. Copolymerization of IPDI, PTMO, and siloxanes in bulk were also studied. The results showed that hydrophobicity and steric hindrance of siloxane diols led to their low reactivities. Next, a series of siloxane‐modified PU in toluene solvent were synthesized, and the conversion of NCO groups was determined by the method of chemical titration. In the synthesis of PU copolymers in a solution polymerization, because of low reactivity of siloxanes, a two‐step procedure was adopted. The siloxane diol was first reacted with IPDI in toluene to form NCO‐terminated prepolymer. Then PTMO was added to form final PUcopolymers. The addition of side‐chain siloxanes resulted in PU copolymers with higher molecular weight than main‐chain siloxanes. Both main‐chain and side‐chain siloxanes increased the elongation at break and tensile strength of final PU copolymers. The microphase‐separation of siloxane segments was observed by SEM, which was the main cause for the improved mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:625–632, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Preparation and properties of transparent thermoplastic segmented polyurethanes derived from different polyols
Authors: Lee Da‐Kong , Tsai Hong‐Bing , Tsai Ruey‐Shi , Chen Po Hung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVarious segmented polyurethanes of different soft segment structure with hard segment content of about 50 wt% were prepared from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4‐butanediol and different polyols with a Mn of 2000 by a one‐shot, hand‐cast bulk polymerization method. The polyols used were a poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol, a poly(tetramethylene adipate)glycol, a polycaprolactonediol and two polycarbonatediols. The segmented polyurethanes were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV‐visible spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X‐ray diffraction, and their tensile properties and Shore A hardness were determined. The DSC and DMA data indicate that the miscibility between the soft segments and the hard segments of the segmented polyurethanes is dependent on the type of the soft segment, and follows the order: polycarbonate segments > polyester segments > polyether segments. The miscibility between the soft segments and the hard segments plays an important role in determining the transparency of the segmented polyurethanes. As the miscibility increases, the transparency of the segmented polyurethanes increases accordingly. The segmented polyurethanes exhibit high elongation and show ductile behavior. The tensile properties are also affected by the type of the soft segment to some extent. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:695–701, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Gas transmission through polymer films: A discussion of the approximations in the B.S. method
Authors: James D. I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe equations relating to gas transmission rate given in some published specifications are considerably in error, particularly at large values of mercury displacement. The exact integrated expression applying to an extended interval is cumbersome to use, however, and a good approximation to it would be acceptable in most cases. An equation has been derived which is both theoretically justified and empirically satisfying and, within the limit of the specifications as at present laid down, would be in error by no more than 5 %.
Preparation of α‐(aminoalkyl) acrylic esters and their phthalimido substituted derivatives
Authors: Auld P. W. , Haken J. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSynthesis of α‐(aminoalkyl) acrylates has proceeded along the conventional malonic ester route. The amino structure was protected by the use of phthalimido derivatives with subsequent removal of the phthalate moiety to produce the desired esters. Ethyl α‐alkyl acrylates with phthalimido, phthalimidoethyl and phthalimidobutyl groups as the α‐substituent were prepared together with the phthalimidoethoxyethyl derivative. The esters were prepared in substantial purity but with some difficulty owing to their ease of polymerisation. Infra‐red spectra and polymerisability studies were carried out on the new α‐phthalimidoalkyl acrylates and are presented here. Hydrolysis (with hydrazine hydrate) of these intermediate esters to their corresponding α‐(aminoalkyl) acrylates was shown qualitatively using a modified ninhydrin test. It was necessary to develop a modified test procedure since excess hydrazine from the hydrolysis was found to interfere with the ninhydrin colour reaction.
Aqueous‐phase polymerisation of butadiene and isoprene initiated by group VIII metal compounds
Authors: Blackley D. C. , Matthan R. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA wide range of compounds of the Group VIII metals has been investigated as possible catalysts for the polymerisation of butadiene and isoprene in the aqueous phase. The compounds studied included the fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, nitrates and sulphates, and also certain chelate complexes of the Group VIII metals. Substantial amounts of polybutadiene were obtained using rhodium chloride, rhodium bromide, iridium chloride, platinous iodide, and iron (III) acetylacetonate. The first three gave stereoregular (high trans‐1,4‐) polybutadiene; the last two gave mixed microstructures. With isoprene, significant polymerisation was observed with iridium chloride, platinous iodide, and iron (III) acetylacetonate. In each case, the product was non‐stereoregular.A more detailed study of the rhodium chloride‐butadiene system has indicated that the locus of the polymerisation is the aqueous phase, probably the surfactant micelles. A mechanism for the polymerisation has been proposed in the light of these results. This mechanism suggests certain predictions regarding the effects of chloride ions and of isoprene upon the polymerisation rate. These predictions have been tested experimentally, as also has the prediction that the polymer should contain chemically combined surfactant.
A kinetic study of the mechanism of emulsion polymerisation of vinyl chloride
Authors: Ugelstad J. , Mørk P. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperiments are described in which the rate of radical production, in the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl chloride, has been increased or decreased in the course of the reaction. The results strongly support previous conclusions. The mechanism of desorption and re‐absorption of radicals and the kinetic consequences of the interparticle termination are discussed.
Parametric amplification of magnetoinductive waves supported by metamaterial arrays
Authors: Sydoruk Oleksiy , Kalinin Victor , Shamonina Ekaterina 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA theoretical study of parametric amplification of magnetoinductive waves propagating on metamaterial arrays is presented. It is shown that phase matching conditions in an array can be fulfilled provided that the near‐field magnetic coupling between the neighbouring elements is sufficiently high. Equations governing wave propagation are derived and the effect of losses on parametric amplification is analyzed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental and numerical analyses of the resonances of split ring resonators
Authors: Aydin Koray , Özbay Ekmel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors investigate the resonances of split‐ring resonator (SRR) structures experimentally and theoretically. The transmission measurements were performed on a single SRR unit cell and periodic arrays of SRRs. The magnetic response of the SRR structure was demonstrated by comparing the SRRs' transmission spectra of with that of closed ring resonators (CRR). The surface currents along the SRR surfaces at the magnetic and electrical resonances were simulated and a circular surface current was observed at the magnetic resonance frequency. The transmission characteristics of SRR arrays with two different orientations were also presented by varying the incident angles of the plane wave. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)