bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased lipolysis in LCHAD deficiency
Authors: Halldin M. U. , Forslund A. , von Döbeln U. , Eklund C. , Gustafsson J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryAn increasing number of fatty acid oxidation defects are being detected owing to diagnostic improvements and a greater awareness among clinicians. The metabolic block leads to energy disruption, fatty infiltration, and toxic effects on organ functions exerted by β‐oxidation metabolites. This investigation was undertaken to assess the influence of long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency on lipolysis and energy turnover. We addressed the question whether the lipolysis and glucose production rates would be altered in the fasting state in a child with this disease. Lipolysis, glucose production and resting energy expenditure (REE) were studied in a 17‐month‐old girl with LCHAD deficiency and her healthy twin sister. Lipolysis and glucose production were determined after a 4–6 h fast by constant‐rate infusion of [1,1,2,3,3‐2H5]glycerol and [6,6‐2H2]glucose and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. REE was estimated by indirect calorimetry. The affected girl showed 50% higher lipolysis than did her sister, whereas the glucose production rates were similar. Plasma levels of dicarboxylic acids of 6–12 carbon atoms chain length, 3‐hydroxy fatty acids of 6–18 carbon atoms chain length, total free fatty acids, and acylcarnitines were increased in the patient, as was REE. Since glucose production rates and plasma glucose levels were similar in the two girls, the increased lipolysis observed in the patient probably represents a compensatory mechanism for energy generation. This is achieved at the price of an augmented risk for fatty acid infiltration and toxic effects of β‐oxidation intermediates. This highlights the importance of avoiding fasting in these patients.
Effect of land use conversion on soil organic carbon sequestration in the loess hilly area, loess plateau of China
Authors: Chen Liding , Gong Jie , Fu Bojie , Huang Zhilin , Huang Yilong , Gui Lide 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChanges in land use may alter land cover, which results in carbon stock changes in biomass as well as in the soil. In China's loess plateau, vegetation restoration has been conducted since 1950s to control soil erosion and improve the ecosystem, with significant investment of money and manpower. Despite these efforts, soil erosion has still been severe. To reduce soil erosion and improve land quality, China initiated another state‐funded project, Grain‐for‐Green, in 1999 in the loess plateau. However, it is not clear how effective this newly initiated project will be. In this study, we evaluated the effect of land‐use conversion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and the potential effect of the current project on SOC sequestration in the Anjiapo catchment area of the loess hilly area of the loess plateau in China. This evaluation is based on SOC measurements in cropland versus in other converted land use types. We found that SOC sequestration mainly occurred in the surface soil after land use conversion took place. Land use conversion from cropland to shrubland or wild grassland (i.e. undisturbed land) was better for SOC sequestration than tree plantation in the semi‐arid loess hilly area. By using the land use change in the study area as a scenario, the potential contribution of land use change on SOC sequestration due to the Grain‐for‐Green project was estimated. It was found that this project in the loess plateau of China would be helpful for SOC sequestration if successfully implemented.
Epidemiology of specific phobia subtypes: Findings from the Dresden Mental Health Study
Authors: Becker Eni S. , Rinck Mike , Türke Veneta , Kause Petra , Goodwin Renee , Neumer Simon , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study determined the prevalence, age of onset, comorbidity, and impairment associated with specific phobia subtypes in the community. Data were drawn from the Dresden Mental Health Study (N = 2064), a representative community-based sample of young women in Dresden, Germany. The lifetime prevalence of any specific phobia was 12.8%, with subtypes ranging in prevalence between 0.2% (vomiting, infections) and 5.0% (animals). There were significant differences in the mean age of onset of specific phobias. Significant differences in comorbidity patterns also emerged between subtypes. No significant differences were found in level of impairment associated with the subtypes. The findings suggest that specific phobias are common among young women and that they differ in prevalence, associated comorbidity, and mean age of onset. These data suggest significant differences in the phenomenology and clinical significance of specific phobia subtypes.
The worldwide burden of postpartum haemorrhage: Policy development where inaction is lethal
Authors: Potts Malcolm , Hemmerling Anke 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMost maternal deaths occur to women who are not attended by trained health professionals. Postpartum hemorrhage is the single most common cause of maternal death. The delivery of large haemochorial placenta in our species predisposes to heavy bleeding and can be dealt with only by using effective uterotonics. The 1987 Safe Motherhood Initiative has failed to reduce maternal mortality significantly, and shortages of trained personnel will not be remedied in the foreseeable future. Bold new policies are imperative and need to be derived from an appropriate evidence base. It is suggested that these should include the low‐cost shock garments in primary health facilities and making misoprostol easily accessible in both the public and private sector.
Elektrophysiologische Erregungsabläufe - Aktuelle Aspekte der ablativen Therapie von supraventrikulären Herzrhythmusstörungen
Authors: Müller Michael , Sause Armin 
Published: December 2006

Die invasive Elektrophysiologie und Katheterablation hat seit der Einführung von hochfrequentem Wechselstrom und steuerbarer Katheter eine enorme Entwicklung erfahren. Seit Anfang der 90er Jahre stellt sie vor allem für supraventrikuläre Rhythmusstörungen (SVT), die eine anatomisch gut definierbare Erregungskreisbahn aufweisen, die Therapie der ersten Wahl dar. Sie hat in vielen Bereichen die medikamentöse Therapie nahezu vollkommen ersetzt.Durch die Entwicklung neuer dreidimensionaler Bildgebungsverfahren, sowie neuer Ablationsformen (gekühlte Elektrodenspitze, Kryo, Mikrowelle, Laser) kann die individuelle Anatomie des Patienten und dessen elektrophysiologische Erregungsabläufe dargestellt und dadurch auch komplexere Rhythmusstörungen erfolgreich abladiert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang sind derzeit die größten Fortschritte in der Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern zu verzeichnen.
Causality and pathway search in microarray time series experiment
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Nitai D. , Chatterjee Snigdhansu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMotivation: Interaction among time series can be explored in many ways. All the approach has the usual problem of low power and high dimensional model. Here we attempted to build a causality network among a set of time series. The causality has been established by Granger causality, and then constructing the pathway has been implemented by finding the Minimal Spanning Tree within each connected component of the inferred network. False discovery rate measurement has been used to identify the most significant causalities.Results: Simulation shows good convergence and accuracy of the algorithm. Robustness of the procedure has been demonstrated by applying the algorithm in a non-stationary time series setup. Application of the algorithm in a real dataset identified many causalities, with some overlap with previously known ones. Assembled network of the genes reveals features of the network that are common wisdom about naturally occurring networks.Contact: nitai@lilly.com; chatterjee@stat.umn.edu
Assembling millions of short DNA sequences using SSAKE
Authors: Warren René L. , Sutton Granger G. , Jones Steven J. M. , Holt Robert A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSummary: Novel DNA sequencing technologies with the potential for up to three orders magnitude more sequence throughput than conventional Sanger sequencing are emerging. The instrument now available from Solexa Ltd, produces millions of short DNA sequences of 25 nt each. Due to ubiquitous repeats in large genomes and the inability of short sequences to uniquely and unambiguously characterize them, the short read length limits applicability for de novo sequencing. However, given the sequencing depth and the throughput of this instrument, stringent assembly of highly identical sequences can be achieved. We describe SSAKE, a tool for aggressively assembling millions of short nucleotide sequences by progressively searching through a prefix tree for the longest possible overlap between any two sequences. SSAKE is designed to help leverage the information from short sequence reads by stringently assembling them into contiguous sequences that can be used to characterize novel sequencing targets.Availability: Contact: rwarren@bcgsc.ca
Analysis of theDECREASED APICAL DOMINANCEGenes of Petunia in the Control of Axillary Branching
Authors: Simons Joanne L. , Napoli Carolyn A. , Janssen Bart J. , Plummer Kim M. , Snowden Kimberley C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractControl of branch development is a major determinant of architecture in plants. Branching in petunia (Petunia hybrida) is controlled by the DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE (DAD) genes. Gene functions were investigated by plant grafting, morphology studies, double-mutant characterization, and gene expression analysis. Both dad1-1 and dad3 increased branching mutants can be reverted to a near-wild-type phenotype by grafting to a wild-type or a dad2 mutant root stock, indicating that both genes affect the production of a graft-transmissible substance that controls branching. Expression of the DAD1 gene in the stems of grafted plants, detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction correlates with the branching phenotype of the plants. The dad2-1 mutant cannot be reverted by grafting, indicating that this gene acts predominantly in the shoot of the plant. Double-mutant analysis indicates that the DAD2 gene acts in the same pathway as the DAD1 and DAD3 genes because the dad1-1dad2-1 and dad2-1dad3 double mutants are indistinguishable from the dad2-1 mutant. However, the dad1-1dad3 double mutant has an additive phenotype, with decreased height of the plants, delayed flowering, and reduced germination rates compared to the single mutants. This result, together with the observation that the dad1-1 and dad3 mutants cannot be reverted by grafting to each other, suggests that the DAD1 and DAD3 genes act in the same pathway, but not in a simple stepwise fashion.
Gradual Soil Water Depletion Results in Reversible Changes of Gene Expression, Protein Profiles, Ecophysiology, and Growth Performance in Populus euphratica, a Poplar Growing in Arid Regions
Authors: Bogeat-Triboulot Marie-Béatrice , Brosché Mikael , Renaut Jenny , Jouve Laurent , Le Thiec Didier , Fayyaz Payam , Vinocur Basia , Witters Erwin , Laukens Kris , Teichmann Thomas , Altman Arie , Hausman Jean-François , Polle Andrea , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , Dreyer Erwin 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. plants to soil water deficit were assessed by analyzing gene expression, protein profiles, and several plant performance criteria to understand the acclimation of plants to soil water deficit. Young, vegetatively propagated plants originating from an arid, saline field site were submitted to a gradually increasing water deficit for 4 weeks in a greenhouse and were allowed to recover for 10 d after full reirrigation. Time-dependent changes and intensity of the perturbations induced in shoot and root growth, xylem anatomy, gas exchange, and water status were recorded. The expression profiles of approximately 6,340 genes and of proteins and metabolites (pigments, soluble carbohydrates, and oxidative compounds) were also recorded in mature leaves and in roots (gene expression only) at four stress levels and after recovery. Drought successively induced shoot growth cessation, stomatal closure, moderate increases in oxidative stress-related compounds, loss of CO2 assimilation, and root growth reduction. These effects were almost fully reversible, indicating that acclimation was dominant over injury. The physiological responses were paralleled by fully reversible transcriptional changes, including only 1.5% of the genes on the array. Protein profiles displayed greater changes than transcript levels. Among the identified proteins for which expressed sequence tags were present on the array, no correlation was found between transcript and protein abundance. Acclimation to water deficit involves the regulation of different networks of genes in roots and shoots. Such diverse requirements for protecting and maintaining the function of different plant organs may render plant engineering or breeding toward improved drought tolerance more complex than previously anticipated.
Spatial Variation of Deuterium Enrichment in Bulk Water of Snowgum Leaves
Authors: Šantrůček Jiří , Květoň Jiří , Šetlík Jiří , Bulíčková Lenka 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Deuterium enrichment of bulk water was measured and modeled in snowgum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel) leaves grown under contrasting air and soil humidity in arid and wet conditions in a glasshouse. A map of the enrichment was constructed with a resolution of 4 mm by using a newly designed cryodistillation method. There was progressively increasing enrichment in both longitudinal (along the leaf midrib) and transversal (perpendicular to the midrib) directions, most pronounced in the arid-grown leaf. The whole-leaf average of the enrichment was well below the value estimated by the Craig-Gordon model. The discrepancy between model and measurements persisted when the estimates were carried out separately for the leaf base and tip, which differed in temperature and stomatal conductance. The discrepancy was proportional to the transpiration rate, indicating the significance of diffusion-advection interplay (Péclet effect) of deuterium-containing water molecules in small veins close to the evaporating sites in the leaf. Combined Craig-Gordon and desert-river models, with or without the Péclet number, P, were used for predicting the leaf longitudinal enrichment. The predictions without P overestimated the measured values of δdeuterium. Fixed P value partially improved the coincidence. We suggest that P should vary along the leaf length l to reconcile the modeled data with observations of longitudinal enrichment. Local values of P, P(l), integrating the upstream fraction of water used or the leaf area, substantially improved the model predictions.
Localization of Mechanisms Involved in Hydropassive and Hydroactive Stomatal Responses of Sambucus nigra to Dry Air
Authors: Kaiser Hartmut , Legner Nicole 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The response of stomata to a reduction of air humidity is composed of a hydropassive opening followed by active closure. Whereas the mechanisms behind the hydropassive opening are largely understood, the location and physiological basis of the sensing mechanisms leading to active closure are not yet known. This study attempts to evaluate the importance of a single pore's transpiration on its own response and that of adjacent pores. Selected stomata on attached intact leaves of Sambucus nigra were sealed with mineral oil and the response to a reduction of humidity was continuously observed in situ. Blocking a pore's transpiration had no appreciable effect on hydropassive opening and subsequent stomatal closure. If the adjacent stomata were additionally sealed, the closing response was reduced, but not the hydropassive opening. On the other hand, sealing the entire leaf surface, except a small area including the observed stomata, also reduced stomatal closure. These results indicate that strictly local processes triggered by a pore's own transpiration are not required to induce stomatal closure. To describe the effect of one pore's transpiration on the hydropassive and hydroactive responses of neighboring stomata, a simple spatial model was constructed. It suggests that 90% of the closing effect covers an area of approximately 0.5 mm2, whereas the effect on hydropassive opening affects an area of approximately 1 mm2. This divergence may suggest mechanisms other than or in addition to those involving changes of local leaf water potential.
Recessiveness and Dominance in Barley Mutants Deficient in Mg-Chelatase Subunit D, an AAA Protein Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis
Authors: Axelsson Eva , Lundqvist Joakim , Sawicki Artur , Nilsson Sara , Schröder Ingrid , Al-Karadaghi Salam , Willows Robert D. , Hansson Mats 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMg-chelatase catalyzes the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX at the first committed step of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. It consists of three subunits: I, D, and H. The I subunit belongs to the AAA protein superfamily (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) that is known to form hexameric ring structures in an ATP-dependant fashion. Dominant mutations in the I subunit revealed that it functions in a cooperative manner. We demonstrated that the D subunit forms ATP-independent oligomeric structures and should also be classified as an AAA protein. Furthermore, we addressed the question of cooperativity of the D subunit with barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant analyses. The recessive behavior in vivo was explained by the absence of mutant proteins in the barley cell. Analogous mutations in Rhodobacter capsulatus and the resulting D proteins were studied in vitro. Mixtures of wild-type and mutant R. capsulatus D subunits showed a lower activity compared with wild-type subunits alone. Thus, the mutant D subunits displayed dominant behavior in vitro, revealing cooperativity between the D subunits in the oligomeric state. We propose a model where the D oligomer forms a platform for the stepwise assembly of the I subunits. The cooperative behavior suggests that the D oligomer takes an active part in the conformational dynamics between the subunits of the enzyme.
Molecular Identification and Physiological Characterization of a Novel Monosaccharide Transporter from Arabidopsis Involved in Vacuolar Sugar Transport
Authors: Wormit Alexandra , Trentmann Oliver , Feifer Ingmar , Lohr Christian , Tjaden Joachim , Meyer Stefan , Schmidt Ulrike , Martinoia Enrico , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (TMT) family comprises three isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana, and TMT–green fluorescent protein fusion proteins are targeted to the vacuolar membrane. TMT promoter–β-glucuronidase plants revealed that the TONOPLAST MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER1 (TMT1) and TMT2 genes exhibit a tissue- and cell type–specific expression pattern, whereas TMT3 is only weakly expressed. TMT1 and TMT2 expression is induced by drought, salt, and cold treatments and by sugar. During cold adaptation, tmt knockout lines accumulated less glucose and fructose compared with wild-type plants, whereas no differences were observed for sucrose. Cold adaptation of wild-type plants substantially promoted glucose uptake into isolated leaf mesophyll vacuoles. Glucose uptake into isolated vacuoles was inhibited by NH4 +, fructose, and phlorizin, indicating that transport is energy-dependent and that both glucose and fructose were taken up by the same carrier. Glucose import into vacuoles from two cold-induced tmt1 knockout lines or from triple knockout plants was substantially lower than into corresponding wild-type vacuoles. Monosaccharide feeding into leaf discs revealed the strongest response to sugar in tmt1 knockout lines compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that TMT1 is required for cytosolic glucose homeostasis. Our results indicate that TMT1 is involved in vacuolar monosaccharide transport and plays a major role during stress responses.
ArabidopsisDCP2, DCP1, and VARICOSE Form a Decapping Complex Required for Postembryonic Development
Authors: Xu Jun , Yang Jun-Yi , Niu Qi-Wen , Chua Nam-Hai 
Published: December 2006

AbstractmRNA turnover in eukaryotes involves the removal of m7GDP from the 5′ end. This decapping reaction is mediated by a protein complex well characterized in yeast and human but not in plants. The function of the decapping complex in the development of multicellular organisms is also poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana DCP2 can generate from capped mRNAs, m7GDP, and 5′-phosphorylated mRNAs in vitro and that this decapping activity requires an active Nudix domain. DCP2 interacts in vitro and in vivo with DCP1 and VARICOSE (VCS), an Arabidopsis homolog of human Hedls/Ge-1. Moreover, the interacting proteins stimulate DCP2 activity, suggesting that the three proteins operate as a decapping complex. Consistent with their role in mRNA decay, DCP1, DCP2, and VCS colocalize in cytoplasmic foci, which are putative Arabidopsis processing bodies. Compared with the wild type, null mutants of DCP1, DCP2, and VCS accumulate capped mRNAs with a reduced degradation rate. These mutants also share a similar lethal phenotype at the seedling cotyledon stage, with disorganized veins, swollen root hairs, and altered epidermal cell morphology. We conclude that mRNA turnover mediated by the decapping complex is required for postembryonic development in Arabidopsis.
Isolation and characterization of the mating type locus of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black leaf streak disease of banana
Authors: CONDE‐FERRÁEZ LAURA , WAALWIJK CEES , CANTO‐CANCHÉ BLONDY B. , KEMA GERT H. J. , CROUS PEDRO W. , JAMES ANDREW C. , ABELN EDWIN C. A. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYIdiomorphs mat1‐1 and mat1‐2 from Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black leaf streak disease of banana, were isolated. Degenerate oligos were used to amplify the HMG box of the mat1‐2 idiomorph from M. fijiensis, showing homology with the HMG box of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Using a DNA walking strategy, anchored on the DNA lyase gene towards the HMG box, a 9‐kb‐long region of mat1‐2 was obtained. A 5‐kb fragment from the mat1‐1 region was obtained by long‐range PCR using primers on the flanking regions, which have close to 100% identity between both idiomorphs. High‐identity (77–89%), inverted regions within both idiomorphs were found, which suggest unique inversion events, which have not been found before, and that could have been significant in the evolution of this species. The predicted genes showed the conserved introns in both idiomorphs as well as an additional intron within the alpha box. The implications for the evolution of species in the Mycosphaerella complex on banana are discussed.
Inaccuracy of high‐performance liquid chromatography estimation of haemoglobin F in the presence of increased haemoglobin A1c
Authors: GREY V. , WILKINSON M. , PHELAN L. , HUGHES C. , BAIN B. J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryIncreasingly high‐performance liquid chromatography is being used for identification and quantification of normal and variant haemoglobins. In many laboratories, the Beta Thal Short programme of the Bio‐Rad Variant II instrument is used for this purpose. We noted that a factitious elevation of haemoglobin F was sometimes observed in diabetic patients and therefore carried out a systematic study of this phenomenon. We found discrepant results in 41% of samples from diabetic patients but in no normal volunteers. This factitious elevation could be predicted from a retention time for haemoglobin F of more than 1.15 min, the normal retention time being 1.08–1.15 min. Haemoglobinopathy laboratories need to be alert to the possibility of this erroneous result.