bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerosing therapy and eccentric training in flexor carpi radialis tendinopathy in a tennis player: Figure 1
Authors: Knobloch Karsten , Spies Marcus , Busch Kay H , Vogt Peter M 
Published: May 2007

Background:Tendinopathy of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon is a rare entity. Recent research revealed the role of a neurovascular ingrowth at the point of pain in various tendinopathic locations, such as at the Achilles and patellar tendon, in plantar fasciitis as well as in supraspinatus and tennis elbow tendinopathy. However, beyond the elbow no such neovascularisation has been reported to date.Methods:We present a 35-year old tennis player suffering tremendous pain (visual analogue scale (VAS) rating of 9/10) at the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon with adjacent calcification in close proximity to the pisiform bone. The patient was assessed with power Doppler and laser Doppler quantification of neovascularisation at the point of pain.Results:Power Doppler and laser Doppler quantification of neovascularisation at the point of pain identified higher capillary blood flow at three points over the painful vs the non-painful tendon (146/240/232rU vs 93/74/70rU at the non-affected side). Sclerosing therapy using polidocanol under power and laser Doppler guidance was initiated, with immediate decrease of capillary blood flow by 25% with resolution of the neovascularisation in power Doppler. Immediately following sclerosing, the patient’s reported pain level on the VAS was reduced from 9/10 to 4/10. Following a short period of rest, eccentric training of the forearm muscle was initiated over 12 weeks with functional complete recovery and complete resolution of wrist pain.Conclusion:Sclerosing therapy using polidocanol under power- and laser-Doppler guidance can decrease capillary blood flow by 25% with resolution of the neovascularisation. Subsequent eccentric training of the forearm muscle over 12 weeks can result in complete resolution of wrist pain.
Factors associated with menstrual dysfunction and self-reported bone stress injuries in female runners in the ultra- and half-marathons of the Two Oceans
Authors: Micklesfield L K , Hugo J , Johnson C , Noakes T D , Lambert E V 
Published: May 2007

Objective:To investigate factors associated with menstrual dysfunction, self-reported bone stress injuries and energy balance in women runners.Methods:613 runners were randomly sampled during the registration period for an endurance event. Demographic information, including self-reported height and weight, training and injury history and menstrual history, was collected by questionnaire.Results:Ultra-marathon (ULTRA) participants (n = 276) were significantly older (mean (SD) 39 (8.2) vs 34 (10.5) years; p<0.001), lighter (58.2 (6.6) vs 59.6 (8.3) kg; p<0.05) and reported a higher training volume (p<0.001) than half-marathon (HALF) participants (n = 337). Significantly more ULTRA subjects than HALF subjects reported a previous bone stress injury (21% vs 14%; p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups for menstrual status, but age at menarche was later (p<0.01) in the ULTRA group. Data were combined according to the absence (REG; n = 368/602 (61%)) or presence (IRREG; n = 234/602 (39%)) of a history of menstrual irregularity. Subject morphology was similar between groups, but the IRREG group had a higher self-reported measure on the self-loathing subscale (SLSS; p<0.01). The whole group was then classified according to current menstrual status, with 165 women being classified as currently irregular. (OLIGO/AMEN; 11.6%) and 445 women as currently regular (EUMEN; 88.4%). There were no morphological differences between the groups, however the OLIGO/AMEN group had a later age of menarche (p<0.01) than the EUMEN group. Further, women who reported a previous bone stress injury had higher SLSS scores than those who did not (2.91 (0.98) vs 2.68 (0.84); p<0.05).Conclusions:There may be two independent mechanisms associated with energy balance, which are related to bone stress injuries, but may not necessarily be related to menstrual dysfunction.
No neurochemical evidence for brain injury caused by heading in soccer
Authors: Zetterberg Henrik , Jonsson Michael , Rasulzada Abdullah , Popa Cornel , Styrud Ewa , Hietala Max Albert , Rosengren Lars , Wallin Anders , Blennow Kaj 
Published: May 2007

Background:The possible injurious effect to the brain of heading in soccer is a matter of discussion.Objective:To determine whether standardised headings in soccer are associated with increased levels of biochemical markers for neuronal injury in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.Methods:23 male amateur soccer players took part in a heading training session involving heading a ball kicked from a distance of 30 m at least 10 m forward. Ten players performed 10 and 13 players performed 20 approved headings. The players underwent lumbar puncture and serum sampling 7–10 days after the headings. The study also included 10 healthy male non-athletic control subjects. CSF was analysed for neurofilament light protein, total tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100B and albumin concentrations. Serum was analysed for S-100B and albumin.Results:None of the biomarker levels were abnormal and there were no significant differences between any of the three groups, except for a slightly increased CSF S-100B concentration in controls compared with headers. Biomarker levels did not correlate with the number of headings performed.Conclusion:Repeated low-severity head impacts due to heading in soccer are not associated with any neurochemical signs of injury to the brain.
Diagnostic value of combining immunostaining for CD3 and nuclear morphometry in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Lira M , Schenka A A , Magna L A , Cotta A C , Cintra M L , de Souza E M , Brousset P , Vassallo J 
Published: May 2007

Background:Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common skin lymphoid neoplasm. In initial stages, differential diagnosis of MF from other benign dermal lymphoid infiltrates (BDLI) may be impossible on morphological basis alone. In previous studies, only deletion of CD7 in MF proved to be of diagnostic help, but not the ratio between immunoexpression of CD4 and CD8.Methods:30 cases of MF and 11 cases of BDLI were analysed, in order to compare morphometric parameters, which could be of diagnostic aid. As CD7 is frequently deleted in MF, immunohistochemical detection of T-cells was made using an antibody to CD3. Images of 100 CD3-positive cells per case in both groups were captured and analysed using a simple computer program for nuclear perimeter, area, diameter and nuclear contour index.Results:All parameters showed statistically significant higher values for MF. Area was the variable with the strongest discriminating power between the two groups of patients. Thus even if morphological evaluation is not accurate to distinguish benign versus malignant dermal lymphoid infiltrates, due to the variability of size and shape of these cells, a more sensitive method promptly shows this difference.Conclusion:Results suggest that morphometry of CD3-positive lymphoid cells may add valuable information in the differential diagnosis of MF and benign dermatoses.
Development of real time PCR to detectToxoplasma gondiiandBorrelia burgdorferiinfections in postal samples
Authors: Joss A W L , Evans R , Mavin S , Chatterton J , Ho-Yen D O 
Published: May 2007

Background:Most of the samples sent to reference laboratories are delivered by post. Thus, diagnostic PCR tests on blood samples have to be performed using methods which are optimised and validated for such conditions. There is a low probability that the organismsToxoplasma gondiiandBorrelia burgdorferiwill be present.Aim:To confirm that robotic extraction methods followed by real time PCR will detect as little as one organism/test sample in postal specimens.Methods:Human blood samples spiked with decreasing numbers of each organism (range 105–1/per extract) were extracted using two commercial kits on a Qiagen BioRobot EZ1 Workstation. Extracts of whole blood and blood fractions were tested by real time PCR. The effect of storage of blood for 1–6 days at room temperature was also investigated.Results:Maximum sensitivity (1 organism/test sample) was achieved forT gondiiwith either extraction method; the sensitivity forB burgdorferiwas between 1 and 10 organisms/test. Whole blood was the most suitable sample to extract, as both organisms were as likely to be detectable in the red cell as the white cell fraction. Sensitivity was not reduced by storing spiked samples at room temperature for up to 6 days. Inhibitory effects on PCR were not a significant problem provided that samples were extracted using the blood extraction kit.Conclusions:Using appropriate robotic extraction methods, bothT gondiiandB burgdorferican be detected by real time PCR with near maximum possible sensitivity in whole blood samples. Blood samples can be transferred to reference laboratories by post without loss of sensitivity over the likely transit period.
Best of the web in pathology: a practical guide to finding specific pathology resources on the internet
Authors: Boehm J 
Published: May 2007

Background:Although a large number of pathology-specific websites (PSWs) are accessible on the internet, the potential use of PSWs is relatively unknown among pathologists. As a PSW-directory does not exist, it may be difficult to find certain resources that are scattered over the internet.Aims:To critically revisit PSWs in order to create a collection of selected websites that may be useful for practising pathologists worldwide.Methods:Using special medical databases and link collections, extensive search for PSWs was performed on the world wide web. Each website was evaluated with regard to content and practical use for pathologists.Results:PSWs contain electronic training manuals, journals, case collections, photo-archives, link directories, or slide collections of virtual microscopy. PSWs offer lavishly illustrated education material for undergraduates and postgraduates in pathology, but may also be very useful as reference books or as an instrument of continuing medical education for experienced pathologists. The paper shows how to find PSWs, and presents an annotated list of 100 of the best PSWs.Conclusions:PSWs as a whole form a heterogeneous patchwork of information. It is suggested that a central catalogue listing all PSWs that are available worldwide be established. This database would enable pathologists to have immediate access to all up-to-date pathology-specific resources on the internet, without the need to perform any laborious web research for themselves. It is hoped that in the future, the repertoire of on-line resources in pathology will be systematically perfected. The internet will then play a central role in the daily practice of pathologists as a medium of information and communication.
A GALLERY OF CHUA ATTRACTORS: PART II
Authors: BILOTTA ELEONORA , PANTANO PIETRO , STRANGES FAUSTO 
Published: May 2007

Chua's circuit is a physical system which can be used to investigate chaotic processes. One of its identifying features is the ability to produce a huge variety of strange attractors, each with its own characteristic form, size and model. These characteristics extend to a range of different systems derived from the original circuit.In the first paper A Gallery of Chua's Attractors. Part I, we presented physical circuits and some generalizations based on Chua's oscillator, together with techniques for building the circuit and a summary description of its chaotic behavior.In this second part of our work, we present an overview of forms which can only be produced by the physical circuit, using novel techniques of scientific visualization to explore, discover, analyze and validate our large collection of data. Starting with cases already known in the literature, we show that the circuit can produce an infinite set of three-dimensional patterns. A small sample is included in our paper. More specifically, we present 195 strange attractors generated by the circuit. For each attractor we provide three-dimensional images, time series and FFTs. Finally, we provide Lyapunov exponents for a subset of "base attractors".
Trousseau's syndrome: multiple definitions and multiple mechanisms
Authors: Varki Ajit 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn 1865, Armand Trousseau noted that unexpected or migratory thrombophlebitis could be a forewarning of an occult visceral malignancy. An analysis by Sack and colleagues in 1977 extended the term Trousseau's syndrome to include chronic disseminated intravascular coagulopathy associated with microangiopathy, verrucous endocarditis, and arterial emboli in patients with cancer, often occurring with mucin-positive carcinomas. In recent times the term has been ascribed to various clinical situations, ranging all the way from these classic descriptions to any kind of coagulopathy occurring in the setting of any kind of malignancy. These multiple definitions of Trousseau's syndrome are partly the consequence of multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms that apparently contribute to the hypercoagulability associated with cancer. Even the classic syndrome probably represents a spectrum of disorders, ranging from exaggerated fluid-phased thrombosis dependent on prothrombotic agents such as tissue factor to a platelet- and endotheliumum-based selectin-dependent microangiopathy associated with mucin-producing carcinomas, along with thrombin and fibrin production. Also considered here are recent hypotheses about genetic pathways within tumor cells that might trigger these thrombotic phenomena, and the reasons why therapy with heparins of various kinds remain the preferred treatment, probably because of their salutary actions on several of the proposed pathologic mechanisms.
Stable differentiation and clonality of murine long-term hematopoiesis after extended reduced-intensity selection for MGMT P140K transgene expression
Authors: Ball Claudia R. , Pilz Ingo H. , Schmidt Manfred , Fessler Sylvia , Williams David A. , von Kalle Christof , Glimm Hanno 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEfficient in vivo selection increases survival of gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and protects hematopoiesis, even if initial gene transfer efficiency is low. Moreover, selection of a limited number of transduced HSCs lowers the number of cell clones at risk of gene activation by insertional mutagenesis. However, a limited clonal repertoire greatly increases the proliferation stress of each individual clone. Therefore, understanding the impact of in vivo selection on proliferation and lineage differentiation of stem-cell clones is essential for its clinical use. We established minimal cell and drug dosage requirements for selection of P140K mutant O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT P140K)–expressing HSCs and monitored their differentiation potential and clonality under long-term selective stress. Up to 17 administrations of O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-urea (BCNU) did not impair long-term differentiation and proliferation of MGMT P140K–expressing stem-cell clones in mice that underwent serial transplantation and did not lead to clonal exhaustion. Interestingly, not all gene-modified hematopoietic repopulating cell clones were efficiently selectable. Our studies demonstrate that the normal function of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is not compromised by reduced-intensity long-term in vivo selection, thus underscoring the potential value of MGMT P140K selection for clinical gene therapy.
Dosage-dependent requirement of BMP type II receptor for maintenance of vascular integrity
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Jian , Kinzel Bernd , Müeller Matthias , Mao Xiaohong , Valdez Reginald , Liu Yongxing , Li En 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGerm-line mutations in bone morphogenic protein type II receptor (Bmpr2) confer susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is characterized by obstructive vascular lesions in small arteries. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that account for the etiology of this disorder remain elusive, as does the role of Bmpr2 in postnatal tissue homeostasis. Here we show that in adult mice, stably silencing Bmpr2 expression by RNA interference does not increase pulmonary arterial resistance but results in severe mucosal hemorrhage, incomplete mural cell coverage on vessel walls, and gastrointestinal hyperplasia. We present evidence that BMP receptor signaling regulates vascular remodeling during angiogenesis by maintaining the expression of endothelial guidance molecules that promote vessel patterning and maturation and by counteracting growth factor–induced AKT activation. Attenuation of this function may cause vascular dysmorphogenesis and predisposition to angioproliferative diseases. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between PAH and other diseases associated with the BMP/TGF-β pathways, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and juvenile polyposis syndrome.
Expansion and evolution of insect GMC oxidoreductases
Authors: Iida Kaori , Cox-Foster Diana L , Yang Xiaolong , Ko Wen-Ya , Cavener Douglas R 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe GMC oxidoreductases comprise a large family of diverse FAD enzymes that share a homologous backbone. The relationship and origin of the GMC oxidoreductase genes, however, was unknown. Recent sequencing of entire genomes has allowed for the evolutionary analysis of the GMC oxidoreductase family.ResultsAlthough genes that encode enzyme families are rarely linked in higher eukaryotes, we discovered that the majority of the GMC oxidoreductase genes in the fruit fly (D. melanogaster), mosquito (A. gambiae), honeybee (A. mellifera), and flour beetle (T. castaneum) are located in a highly conserved cluster contained within a large intron of theflotillin-2(Flo-2) gene. In contrast, the genomes of vertebrates and the nematodeC. eleganscontain few GMC genes and lack a GMC cluster, suggesting that the GMC cluster and the function of its resident genes are unique to insects or arthropods. We found that the development patterns of expression of the GMC cluster genes are highly complex. Among the GMC oxidoreductases located outside of the GMC gene cluster, the identities of two related enzymes, glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) and glucose oxidase (GOX), are known, and they play major roles in development and immunity. We have discovered that several additional GLD and GOX homologues exist in insects but are remotely similar to fungal GOX.ConclusionWe speculate that the GMC oxidoreductase cluster has been conserved to coordinately regulate these genes for a common developmental or physiological function related to ecdysteroid metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that the GMC gene cluster may be the birthplace of the insect GMC oxidoreductase genes. Through tandem duplication and divergence within the cluster, new GMC genes evolved. Some of the GMC genes have been retained in the cluster for hundreds of millions of years while others might have transposed to other regions of the genome. Consistent with this hypothesis, our analysis indicates that insect GOX and GLD arose from a different ancestral GMC gene than that of fungal GOX.
Selection strategy and the design of hybrid oligonucleotide primers for RACE-PCR: cloning a family of toxin-like sequences from Agelena orientalis
Authors: Pan Zhensheng , Barry Richard , Lipkin Alexey , Soloviev Mikhail 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
the use of specific but partially degenerate primers for nucleic acid hybridisations and PCRs amplification of known or unknown gene families was first reported well over a decade ago and the technique has been used widely since then.

Results
here we report a novel and successful selection strategy for the design of hybrid partially degenerate primers for use with RT-PCR and RACE-PCR for the identification of unknown gene families. The technique (named PaBaLiS) has proven very effective as it allowed us to identify and clone a large group of mRNAs encoding neurotoxin-like polypeptide pools from the venom of Agelena orientalis species of spider. Our approach differs radically from the generally accepted CODEHOP principle first reported in 1998. Most importantly, our method has proven very efficient by performing better than an independently generated high throughput EST cloning programme. Our method yielded nearly 130 non-identical sequences from Agelena orientalis, whilst the EST cloning technique yielded only 48 non-identical sequences from 2100 clones obtained from the same Agelena material. In addition to the primer design approach reported here, which is almost universally applicable to any PCR cloning application, our results also indicate that venom of Agelena orientalis spider contains a much larger family of related toxin-like sequences than previously thought.

Conclusion
with upwards of 100,000 species of spider thought to exist, and a propensity for producing diverse peptide pools, many more peptides of pharmacological importance await discovery. We envisage that some of these peptides and their recombinant derivatives will provide a new range of tools for neuroscience research and could also facilitate the development of a new generation of analgesic drugs and insecticides.
Pre-apoptotic response to therapeutic DNA damage involves protein modulation of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3 in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Wergeland Line , Sjøholt Gry , Haaland Ingvild , Hovland Randi , Bruserud Øystein , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are characterized by non-mutated TP53, high levels of Hdm2, and frequent mutation of the Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase. The juxtamembrane mutation of FLT3 is the strongest independent marker for disease relapse and is associated with elevated Bcl-2 protein and p53 hyper-phosphorylation in AML. DNA damage forms the basic mechanism of cancer cell eradication in current therapy of AML.
Hdm2 and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 members are among the most intensely induced genes immediately after chemotherapy and Hdm2 is proposed a role in receptor tyrosine kinase regulation. Thus we examined the DNA damage related modulation of these proteins in relation to FLT3 mutational status and induction of apoptosis.

Results
Within one hour after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), the AML cells (NB4, MV4-11, HL-60, primary AML cells) showed an increase in Flt3 protein independent of mRNA levels, while the Hdm2 protein decreased. The FLT3 mutant MV4-11 cells were resistant to IR accompanied by presence of both Mcl-1 and Hdm2 protein three hours after IR. In contrast, the FLT3 wild type NB4 cells responded to IR with apoptosis and pre-apoptotic Mcl-1 down regulation. Daunorubicin (DNR) induced continuing down regulation of Hdm2 and Mcl-1 in both cell lines followed by apoptosis.

Conclusion
Both IR and DNR treatment resulted in concerted protein modulations of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3. Cell death induction was associated with persistent attenuation of Mcl-1 and Hdm2. These observations suggest that defining the pathway(s) modulating Flt3, Hdm2 and Mcl-1 may propose new strategies to optimize therapy for the relapse prone FLT3 mutated AML patients.