bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Oblique Tunnel Portals and Blockage Ratio on the Aerodynamic Performance of Urban Rapid Rail Tunnels
Authors: Weng Miaocheng , Zhang Yu , Xiong Kang , Liu Fang , Zhu Xinyi , Zou Zhenbo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study aims to understand the differences in aerodynamic pressure between urban rapid rail transit and high-speed railway tunnels caused by different tunnel portal structures. In this paper, a three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow model is used to simulate trains entering tunnels with three portal forms. The effects of tunnel portal forms and blockage ratio on the aerodynamic interaction between trains and tunnels are analyzed. Using full-scale test data, the reliability of simulating train entry into the tunnel is verified. Based on validated simulations, peak values and maximum pressure gradients are investigated for three scenarios mentioned above. As a result, the transient pressure caused by the three types of the inclined portals does not differ significantly, but it affects a train?s surface pressure varies over time. The ring oblique as well as reversed ring oblique portals both reduce primary compression wave?s maximal pressure gradient, while reversed ring oblique portal exhibiting better performance. In addition, the study also identifies a critical blockage ratio, which determines the opposing effects of the two portal types in mitigating the aerodynamic interaction.
Static and Dynamic Time Filtering Techniques for Hybrid RANS-LES Simulation of Non-Stationary Turbulent Flows
Authors: Jamal Tausif , Shobayo Olalekan , Walters D. Keith , Bhushan Shanti 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Unsteady turbulent wall bounded flows can include complex flow physics such as temporally varying mean pressure gradients, intermittent regions of high turbulence intensity, and interaction of different scales of motion. The present study investigates the performance of the dynamic hybrid RANS-LES (DHRL) modeling framework for non-stationary turbulent flows using two variants of an exponential temporal filter for calculating statistics of the resolved turbulent flow. The first adopts a static filter size (static exponential time filtering?SETF) based on the characteristic time scale of imposed mean flow unsteadiness. The second uses a dynamic filter size (dynamic exponential time filtering?DETF) to vary the filter size based on local statistics of the resolved turbulent flow. Both of the time-filtered variants and the baseline (stationary) form of DHRL are compared against an industry standard Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES), and a conventional hybrid RANS-LES (HRL) models. Model performance is evaluated based on comparison to previously documented Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results. Simulations are performed for a fully developed flow in a channel with time-periodic driving pressure gradient. Results highlight the relative merits of each model type and indicate that the use of a time-filtering technique improves the accuracy of the DHRL model for non-stationary flow, and that a dynamic filter offers clear advantages over a static filter.
Design of Experiments Informed Investigation of Magnetic Field Assisted Nickel Electroplating on Copper
Authors: Balsamy-Kamaraj Abishek , Merugu Saketh , Mahajan Chaitanya , Gupta Dr. Anju 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nickel coatings have demonstrated significant benefits in protecting copper from oxidation and fouling, thereby enhancing the longevity of copper-based components. This study employed an electroplating apparatus featuring a Watts bath and copper electrode to investigate the impact of flowing electrolyte, both with and without an applied magnetic field, on the interfacial characteristics of nickel-coated copper surfaces. The findings reveal the relationship between current density and deposition thickness. The application of a perpendicular magnetic field and increase in current density generally increased coating thickness to 0.2 ?m from 0.05 ?m, with the most pronounced effects at moderate flow rates and narrower gaps; however, at the highest flow rate and widest gap, deposition thickness diminished due to the divergence of magnetic field lines. Design of Experiments analysis revealed the magnetic field homogeneously improved surface roughness uniformity compared to other variables. Lower current densities produced smoother surfaces, while magnetically-assisted electroplating yielded consistent roughness values even at higher current densities. Exposure to the magnetic field improved wettability, evidenced by decreased contact angles. This enhancement is attributed to the alignment of nickel particles during deposition, facilitating a transition from the Cassie-Baxter to the Wenzel wetting state. Notably, thicker deposits were observed at lower flow rates and narrower electrode gaps, suggesting significant influence of gas bubble dynamics on the deposition process. These findings provide insights into the complex interplay between electrochemical reactions, hydrodynamics, and magnetic fields in nickel electrodeposition, with implications for optimizing coating.
A Mathematical Model Design for Pu Content Analyzed by 244Cm in Spent Fuel of Fast Reactors
Authors: Zhao Jinlei , He Lixia , Zhao Haocheng , Zhang Yuqi , Li Wentao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pyroprocessing is employed in the reprocessing of integral fast reactors (IFRs). According to China's domestic regulations of nuclear material control, analysis of the content of uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) should be carried out during the interval from unloading spent fuel to its transition into pyroprocessing. Nondestructive analysis (NDA) is a common technique to analyze the content of U/Pu in spent fuel. However, due to the high radio activity of spent fuel from fast reactors, the complexity of the signal characteristics, and the weak signal from Pu, it isn't easy to apply conventional NDA techniques directly. The article studies the reaction principle between 244Cm and Pu, which provides a theoretical basis for new NDA methods to indirectly measure the content of U/Pu through 244Cm. A model based on the one-speed neutron-diffusion equation, which selects burnup (BU), cooling time (CT), initial enrichment of uranium (IE), and the mass of 244Cm to characterize the physical properties of the spent fuel, is established and validated in the article. On this basis, the liquid metal fast breeder reactors are simulated to obtain the information of plutonium and curium of 336 groups under different BU/CT/IE, and the nonlinear multivariate regression model of Pu content concerning the BU/CT/IE and 244Cm content is obtained by using the nonlinear multiple regression analysis, and R2 is greater than 0.99.
Survival Signature-Based Structural Importance Analysis of Multistate System With Binary-State Components
Authors: Mutar Emad Kareem , Hassan Zahir Abdul Haddi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
System reliability analysis aims to identify a system’s weaknesses or critical components and quantify their failures’ impact. Analyzing the influence of system components on system failure is a common problem in reliability engineering, known as the importance analysis of a system. Reliability analysis uses two main models: the binary-state system and the multistate system (MSS). To evaluate the reliability of MSS with binary-state components, computing methods of survival signature are studied. The structural functions of MSS and the survival signature allow for various mathematical approaches, including logical differential calculus (LDC). LDC can be employed to identify situations where a change in the number of functioning components leads to a change in the system's state, known as the structural importance measure. This paper presents a technique for calculating structural importance measures of MSS with binary-state components. The technique uses the survival signature of MSS instead of the structure function. It is based on logical differential calculus, specifically direct partial logical derivatives (DPLD). Numerical and application examples are provided to demonstrate and validate the technique, exhibiting its superiority and potential for real engineering use.
Propagation of systematic sensor uncertainty into the frequency domain
Authors: Rexer Manuel , Pelz Peter F. , Kuhr Maximilian Markus Georg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When it comes to the identification of dynamic system parameters, like stiffness and damping, the systematic measurement uncertainty is mostly ignored in the frequency domain because of its complicated and elaborate uncertainty propagation. Nevertheless, the uncertainty is far from being negligible. In order to examine the importance of the systematic measurement uncertainty in the frequency domain, the propagation of systematic uncertainty caused by four different sensor error types is investigated by using Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that an uncertainty in the bias only affects static measurements, i.e. with an excitation frequency of the system being equal to 0. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the linearity and sensitivity only impacts the magnitude of the Fourier coefficient, whereas the uncertainty in the hysteresis results only in an uncertainty in the phase. Subsequently, it is shown that the linearity and hysteresis uncertainty are completely independent in the frequency domain. The results lead to simple propagation relations applicable to various engineering, science and industry challenges without the need for the conduction of complex Monte Carlo simulations.
Success and safety of neonatal endotracheal tube exchanges: a NEAR4NEOS multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Miller Kathleen , Pouppirt Nicole , Wildenhain Paul , Abou Mehrem Ayman , Brajkovic Ivana , DeMartino Cassandra , Glass Kristen , Hodgson Kate Alison , Jung Philipp , Moussa Ahmed , Puia-Dumitrescu Mihai , Quek Binhuey , Rumpel Jennifer , Shay Rebecca , Tingay David , Tyler Michelle D , Unrau Jennifer , Wagner Michael , Shults Justine , Nishisaki Akira , Foglia Elizabeth E , Herrick Heidi M 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo compare success and safety of endotracheal tube (ETT) exchanges with primary intubations and identify factors associated with ETT exchange outcomes.DesignRetrospective observational study of prospectively collected National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates data. ETT exchanges are the placement of a new ETT when one is already in place, whereas primary intubations do not have a pre-existing ETT. The primary outcome was first-attempt success. Secondary outcomes included number of attempts, adverse tracheal intubation-associated events (TIAEs), severe TIAEs, desaturation and bradycardia. Descriptive statistics compared characteristics for ETT exchanges and primary intubations. Univariable and multivariable analyses compared primary and secondary outcomes and identified factors independently associated with ETT exchange outcomes.ResultsA total of 1572 ETT exchanges and 9999 primary intubations across 21 sites were included from October 2014 to September 2022. ETT exchanges represented 2.3%–31.2% (mean 13.6%) of intubations across sites. Patient, provider and practice characteristics varied significantly between ETT exchanges and primary intubations. In univariable analyses, ETT exchanges were associated with higher first-attempt success (70.5% vs 53.6%; p<0.001) and fewer safety events. In multivariable analyses, ETT exchanges were associated with an increased adjusted OR (aOR) of first-attempt success (1.71; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.86; p<0.001). ETT exchanges were associated with lower aOR of all safety outcomes except severe TIAEs. Factors independently associated with ETT exchange first-attempt success included video laryngoscopy and paralytic premedication.ConclusionCompared with primary intubations, ETT exchanges were associated with higher first-attempt success and fewer safety events. Video laryngoscope and paralytic premedication were associated with improved ETT exchange outcomes.
Clival canal defect: a rare cause of recurrent meningitis and fungal brain abscess in an immune-competent child
Authors: John Sujonitha , Evans Jennifer , Warris Adilia , Hatcher James , Mok Quen 
Published: February 2025

A girl in her early childhood years (2–5 years) presented with multiple episodes of meningitis. Following the sixth episode, she clinically deteriorated with the development of multiple brain abscesses and hydrocephalus, requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and prolonged antibiotic and antifungal therapy. MRI of the brain revealed a possible anatomical defect at the C1 level of the cervical spine, communicating into the nasopharyngeal cavity. Needle aspiration of the brainstem collection confirmedAspergillus fumigatuson molecular testing. A transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy exposed an underlying mucosal defect communicating with the base of the clivus. Following successful repair of the defect, she showed significant improvement with no further episodes of meningitis.This case highlights the benefit of a multidisciplinary team approach and the need for any patient with recurrent meningitis to undergo extensive evaluation. Long-term isavuconazole has shown excellent efficacy and tolerability in our case. Control of infection may not be possible without surgical correction.
Impact of exercise on musculoskeletal pain and disability in the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ruchat Stephanie-May , Beamish Nicole , Pellerin Sophie , Usman Muhammad , Dufour Sinead , Meyer Sarah , Sivak Allison , Davenport Margie H 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of exercise on musculoskeletal pain (low back pain (LBP), pelvic girdle pain (PGP), lumbopelvic pain (LBPP) and bodily pain) and kinesiophobia during the postpartum period.DesignSystematic review with random effects meta-analysis.Study eligibility criteriaOnline databases were searched from database inception to 12 January 2024. Studies of all designs (except case studies) of any publication date or language were included if they contained information on the population (women and people in the first year postpartum), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other interventions (eg, electrotherapy, infrared irradiation, ultrasound; ‘exercise+cointervention’)), comparator (no exercise or different exercise measures) and outcome (symptom severity of LBP/PGP/LBPP, related disability, bodily pain and kinesiophobia).Results37 studies (N=3769 participants) from 15 countries were included. Moderate certainty evidence showed that exercise-only interventions, including various strengthening exercises targeting the trunk muscles, were associated with a greater reduction in LBPP symptom severity (4 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=210; mean difference −2.21 points (on a 0–10 Visual Analogue Scale) 95% CI −3.33 to −1.08) and related disability (6 RCTs, n=296; standardised mean difference −1.17, 95% CI −1.92 to −0.43; large effect size) as compared with no exercise. Similar results were found for bodily pain (2 RCTs, n=318). Evidence was limited and inconclusive regarding the impact of exercise interventions on kinesiophobia.ConclusionPostnatal exercises, including a variety of muscular strengthening exercises targeting the trunk muscles, decrease the symptom severity of LBPP and related disability.
Professional experiences on use of the mental health act in ethnically diverse populations: a photovoice study
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Mooney Roisin , Joseph Doreen , McCabe Rose , Newbigging Karen , McCrone Paul , Raghavan Raghu , Keating Frank , Husain Nusrat 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThere are long-standing ethnic and racial inequalities in experiences and outcomes of severe mental illness, including compulsory admission and treatment (CAT).AimsTo gather professional experiences about (1) remedies for ethnic inequalities in the use of the Mental Health Act ((MHA) 1983 and 2007) and (2) recommendations for improving care experiences and for reducing ethnic inequalities.MethodWe undertook a participatory research process using photovoice to gather experience data. Photographs were assembled and narrated by 17 professionals from a variety of disciplines. We undertook a thematic analysis.ResultsIneffective communications between inpatient and community services, insufficient staff capacity, a lack of continuity of care and language and cultural constraints meant MHA assessments were lacking information, leading to elevated perceptions of risk. Practitioners felt helpless at times of staff shortages and often felt CAT could have been prevented. They felt voiceless and powerless and unable to challenge stereotypes and poor practice, especially if they were from a similar demographic (ethnicity) as a patient. Interdisciplinary disagreements and mistrust led to more risk-aversive practices. The legislation created an inflexible, risk-averse and defensive process in care. Police involvement added to concerns about criminalisation and stigma. There were more risk-averse practices when team members and families disagreed on care plans. More rehabilitation and recovery-orientated care are needed. Legislative compliance in a crisis conflicted with supportive and recovery-orientated care.ConclusionClear standards are needed, including specific protocols for MHA assessment, police interactions, alternatives to admission, early intervention and continuity of care.
Trends in the utilisation of maternal and child healthcare services from the public and private health sectors in India, 2005–2021: an analysis of cross-sectional survey data
Authors: Purbey Anchal , Kumar Abhishek , Mozumdar Arupendra , Mishra Punit , Acharya Rajib , Saggurti Niranjan 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo estimate the levels and trends of maternal and child healthcare (MCH) service utilisation in India across subsidised and unsubsidised health sectors and to explore total market approach to identify geographies where the private sector has potential to improve MCH services in India.Design and settingThis study used three recent rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), a cross-sectional survey in India, conducted in 2005–2006, 2015–2016 and 2019–2021. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate the utilisation of key MCH indicators from subsidised and unsubsidised health sectors. Market sustainability of key MCH indicators was assessed by level of MCH services and subsidisation.Participants36 850, 190 898 and 176 843 ever-married women aged 15–49 years, 4440, 22 500 and 15 334 children under 5 years of age with diarrhoea before the survey, and 2552, 6960 and 6117 children with symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in NFHS 2005–2006, 2015–2016 and 2019–2021, respectively.Outcome measuresThe study used three maternal healthcare indicators: women had four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, had institutional delivery, and received postnatal care (PNC); and two child healthcare indicators: care seeking for ARI and diarrhoea.ResultsIn India, utilisation of maternal healthcare services increased over the last 15 years: four or more ANC visits increased from 37% to 58% and PNC of mothers increased from 33% to 78% between 2005–2006 and 2019–2021. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that utilisation of ANC (67% from public vs 18% from private health facilities), institutional delivery (64% from public vs 25% from private health facilities) and PNC (73% from public vs 27% from private health facilities) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in public than in private health facilities. Care seeking for ARI and diarrhoea among children was significantly higher (p<0.001) in private than in public health facilities; care for ARI was 68% in private health facilities compared with 32% in public health facilities.ConclusionsA targeted approach is needed to enhance the competitiveness of private sectors, especially in maternity care markets, to ensure the sustainability of healthcare services in India. Strengthening both the private and public sectors is crucial, with a focus on improving care quality and addressing regional disparities in access to maternal and child health services.
Mental health in public safety personnel with workplace injuries requiring surgery: a longitudinal population-wide administrative data study in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Spiwak Rae , Gawaziuk Justin , Burton Lauren , Wightman Anthony , Comaskey Brenda , Sareen Jai , Chateau Dan , Bolton James , Turgeon Thomas , Kraut Allen , Mahar Alyson , Afifi Tracie O , Sareen Jitender , Mota Natalie , Nantais Jordan , Logsetty Sarvesh 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesPublic safety personnel (PSP) are responsible for ensuring the safety and security of communities, often putting their own lives and well-being at risk by performing dangerous and demanding work. As a result, these workers are particularly vulnerable to workplace-related physical and mental traumatic injuries. Research is needed to understand the mental health of PSP following traumatic physical injury to inform effective prevention programmes and interventions. The objective of this study was to investigate whether PSP with traumatic physical workplace injuries requiring surgery with anaesthetic have higher post-injury rates of mental disorders compared with the general population with similar non-workplace injuries.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingPopulation-based study using linked anonymised administrative data for PSP and the general population in Manitoba, Canada.ParticipantsThis study compared two groups hospitalised for a traumatic physical injury requiring surgery with anaesthetic between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2018: (1) PSP (n=293) injured in the workplace and matched 1:5 on sex, age, geographical region and surgical procedure code with (2) individuals in the general population (GenPop) injured outside the workplace (no Workers Compensation Board claim) (n=1198).Primary and secondary outcomes and measuresAs planned in the study protocol, the prevalence of mental disorders including anxiety, depression and substance use was measured in the cohorts 2 years pre- and post-injury.ResultsThis study found an elevated unadjusted risk of depression in PSP compared with the general population in the 2 years post-injury, adjusting for pre-injury mental health (rate ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.17; p<0.0001). After adjusting, there were no significant differences in rates between the two cohorts; however, the significant group × care interaction term for depression suggests a greater risk for PSP compared with GenPop over time.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that, compared with a matched cohort, PSP have an increased risk of depression from the pre-injury to post-injury period following a traumatic physical workplace injury. PSP have a unique mental health trajectory following workplace injury that should be considered when developing rehabilitation strategies for this important population.