bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Ganga River Basin: Source Identification and Risk Assessment
Authors: Kushwaha Stuti , Raju N. Janardhana , Macklin Mark , Ramanathan AL. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Sediment serves as a heavy metal store in the riverine system and provides information about the river’s health. To understand the distribution of heavy metal content in the Ganga River basin, a total of 25-bed sediment and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples were collected from 25 locations in December 2019. Bed sediment samples were analyzed for different physio-chemical parameters, along with heavy metals. Due to insufficient quantity of SPM, the samples were not analyzed for any physio-chemical parameter. The metal concentrations in bed sediments were found to be as follows: Co (6–20 mg/kg), Cr (34–108 mg/kg), Ni (6–46 mg/kg), Cu (14–210 mg/kg), and Zn (30–264 mg/kg) and in SPM, the concentrations were Co (BDL-50 mg/kg), Cr (10–168 mg/kg), Ni (BDL-88 mg/kg), Cu (26–80 mg/kg), and Zn (44-1186 mg/kg). In bed sediment, a strong correlation of 0.86 and 0.93 was found between Ni and Cr, and Cu and Zn respectively and no significant correlation exists between organic carbon and metals except Co. In SPM, a low to moderate correlation was found between all the metals except Zn. The risk indices show adverse effects at Pragayraj, Fulhar, and Banshberia. Two major clusters were formed in HCA among the sample points in SPM and bed sediment. This study concludes that the Ganga River at Prayagraj, Bansberia, and Fulhar River is predominately polluted with Cu and Zn, possibly posing an ecological risk. These results can help policymakers in implementing measures to control metal pollution in the Ganga River and its tributaries.
Photocatalytic upcycling of polylactic acid to alanine by sulfur vacancy-rich cadmium sulfide
Authors: Yan Ning , Wu Yue , Nguyen Phuc , Wong Sie Shing , Zhang Tianyong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Photocatalytic conversion has emerged as a promising strategy for harnessing renewable solar energy in the valorization of plastic waste. However, research on the photocatalytic transformation of plastics into valuable nitrogen-containing chemicals remains limited. In this study, we present a visible-light-driven pathway for the conversion of polylactic acid (PLA) into alanine under mild conditions. This process is catalyzed by defect-engineered CdS nanocrystals synthesized at room temperature. We observed a distinctive volcano-shaped relationship between sulfur vacancy content in CdS and the corresponding alanine production rate reaching up to 4.95 mmol/g catalyst/h at 70 oC. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra, photocurrent spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed the crucial role of sulfur vacancies in enhancing active sites on the CdS surface. Sulfur vacancy-rich CdS exhibited high stability, maintaining catalytic performance and morphology over several runs, and effectively converted real-life PLA products. This work not only highlights a facile approach for fabricating defect-engineered catalysts but also presents a sustainable method for upcycling plastic waste into valuable chemicals.
Using Priorities between Human and Livestock Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) to Identify Data Gaps in Livestock AMR Surveillance
Authors: Venkateswaran Narmada , Swetschinski Lucien R. , Fastl Christina , Bari Carlotta Di , Criscuolo Nicola G. , Mulchandani Ranya , Zhao Cheng , Meštrović Tomislav , Ikuta Kevin S. , Martins Sara Babo , Coyne Lucy A. , Afonso João Sucena , Huntington Ben , Rushton Jonathan , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Sartorius Benn , Boeckel Thomas P. Van , Pigott David M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both humans and livestock. Despite this, there is limited global consensus on data-informed, priority areas for intervention in both sectors. We compare current livestock AMR data collection efforts with other variables pertinent to human and livestock AMR to identify critical data gaps and mutual priorities.
Methods
We globally synthesized livestock AMR data from open-source surveillance reports and point prevalence surveys stratified for six pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium) and eleven antimicrobial classes important in human and veterinary use, published between 2000 and 2020. We also included all livestock species represented in the data: cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, turkeys, ducks, horses, buffaloes, and goats. We compared this data with intended priorities calculated from: disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), livestock antimicrobial usage (AMU), livestock biomass, and a global correlation exercise between livestock and human proportion of resistant isolates.
Results
Resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides in Staphylococcus aureus were identified as priorities in many countries but, less than 10% of these reported livestock AMR data. Resistance data for Escherichia coli specific to cattle, chickens, and pigs, which we prioritized, were also well collected. AMR data collection on non-typhoidal Salmonella and other livestock species were often not prioritized. Of 232 categories prioritized by at least one country, data were only collected for 48% (n = 112).
Conclusions
The lack of livestock AMR data globally for broad resistance in Staphylococcus aureus could underplay their zoonotic threat. Countries can bolster livestock AMR data collection, reporting, and intervention setting for Staphylococcus aureus as done for Escherichia coli. This framework can provide guidance on areas to strengthen AMR surveillance and decision-making for humans and livestock, and if done routinely, can adapt to resistance trends and priorities.
Need For Formalized Robotic Training and Curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency: An Examination of Current Resident Outlooks and Perspectives
Authors: Adkoli Anusha , Eng Samanatha , Stephenson Ruth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Study Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate current robotic surgery training methodologies for ACGME-accredited obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residency programs, better understand current resident perspectives, and explore potential areas for improvement within resident education.
Design: A cross-sectional study was done of ACGME-accredited OB/GYN residents in the 2023-2024 academic year. Setting:The study was done on a national setting via web-based survey.
Participants: 75 surveys were included.
Interventions: The study was conducted via a 33-question survey study using a mixture of multiple choice, multiple answer, and Likert scale questions.
Measurements and Main Results: Participants noted that 98.7% of their institutions perform robotic surgery and 90.7% have access to robotic console trainers. Outside of the operating room, slightly more than half of participants (57.3%) have formalized robotics training curriculums. A variety of training modalities were noted to be utilized by residents with the most helpful being hands-on training (67.7%) followed by dual assist console (45.6%). The least helpful was noted to be online modules (58.7%). Most residents either strongly agree (45.3%) or agree (36.0%) that standardized robotics curriculums should be implemented for all OB/GYN residency programs. The largest barriers to completion of this training were noted to be attending comfort with resident participation in the case (74.0%), personal time (58.9%), and availability or access to trainers (42.5%).
Conclusion: A formalized and standardized robotic training curriculum should be considered for OB/GYN residents with a multi-modal model utilizing a combination of training modalities as well as dedicated didactic hours.
Securing ocean space for the sustainable development of small-scale fisheries
Authors: Basurto Xavier , Vidin John , Franz Nicole , DeLand Sarah , Smith Beatrice , Cleary Jesse , Vegh Tibor , Halpin Patrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Coastal small-scale fishing (SSF) communities increasingly face an untenable competition for ocean space, while it is recognized securing SSF access to marine resources is key for their sustainable development. Can preferential access areas (PAAs)—a relatively understudied policy tool—address this tension? We provide the first global review of the status and importance of PAAs and offer a research agenda for the future. While 44 countries have established a total of 63 PAAs worldwide they only cover an aggregate 3% of continental shelf area. Yet, if appropriately enforced through shared governance with SSFs, these small coastal areas could provide millions of people with a sustainable future. This would require a shift in perception of PAAs as a “line of defense” against large-scale fishers and instead as “preferential stewardship areas,” where small-scale fishers have increased user rights, and can find incentives to fish responsibly for nutrition security, economic, and social development.
A low energy security-aware routing protocol based on grey clustering analysis in WSNs
Authors: Shen Saijie , Xu Feng , lv xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise an extensive array of spatially dispersed sensor nodes, interconnected through a wireless medium to monitor and record physical information from the environment. In WSNs, multi-hop routing is employed for data transmission among nodes, rendering these networks susceptible to a diverse range of attacks. In order to mitigate these threats, proficient trust management schemes must be employed to ascertain node reliability and segregate malevolent nodes from the rest of the network. In recent years, trust-based routing protocols and multipath routing have become important ways to improve the security and performance of WSNs. This paper mainly introduces grey theory based on multipath and proposes a low energy security-aware routing protocol for WSNs based on grey clustering analysis (SPBCDS). Firstly, during the route establishment phase, the protocol employs a grey clustering analysis algorithm to classify the security status of each candidate cluster by conducting security analysis of the cluster area. Secondly, to ensure data privacy and enhance protocol fault tolerance, a dynamic slicing technique is introduced to select the set of candidate cluster heads, taking into account both the security status of the candidate clusters and the distance between cluster heads. Subsequently, the packets are sliced proportionally based on the security status level of the candidate clusters and directed to the corresponding candidate cluster head nodes. Experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm effectively reduces network energy consumption, extends the network lifecycle, and enhances overall network reliability.
Preferences to accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services among adolescent girls and young women in higher learning institutions in Tanzania; a qualitative study
Authors: Mwalukunga Lusajo J. , Moshi Fabiola V. , Kibusi Stephen M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Around 89% of the 1.8 billion individuals aged 10 to 24 globally reside in developing countries. Annually, approximately 21 million girls aged 15 to 19 in these regions become pregnant, with about 12 million giving birth. These statistics underscore substantial disparities in accessing sexual and reproductive health services among young people, emphasizing the lack of privilege and limited accessibility, necessitating a deeper understanding of their preferences and perceptions regarding such services.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was employed to explore Sexual and Reproductive Health experiences among adolescent girls and young women from two universities in Dodoma. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 13 adolescent girls and young women aged 19 to 24 years. Thematic analysis was done to identify themes and sub-themes, such as individual, socio-cultural, and health system barriers.
Results
Community-based sources, media-based sources, healthcare services accessibility, and diverse needs of services provision emerged as superior themes of the study.
Conclusion
The study reveals diverse preferences among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in higher learning institutions for accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Despite available options, including community and media-based sources, and recommendations for peer education and online platforms, individual, socio-cultural, and health system barriers persist. The study advocates for trustworthy online platforms with comprehensive content on contraception, STI prevention, and decision-making, ensuring confidentiality and user-friendliness. It suggests integrating health clubs within institutions to foster open dialogue and collaboration with healthcare professionals, educators, and peers.
Partial Least Squares Analysis of the Relationship Among Organic Acid, Total Soluble Solids, Total Phenolic, and Total Flavonoids in Ficus carica
Authors: Luo Jiajie , Dong Xueqian , Liang Jing , Jia Ming , Sun Lei , Han Yanling , Sun Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Figs (Ficus carica Linn.) are a new generation of economic forest crops with high nutritional value. This study aimed to clarify the intrinsic association between organic acids and the quality of figs after introducing multispecies. The figs introduced in Shandong are rich in organic acids and contain a wide variety of highly concentrated bioactive compounds. A total of 24 organic acids were detected in this experiment, 13 of which were newly detected. Citric acid was the main organic acid in Shandong-introduced figs, accounting for 66% of the total acid on average. This was followed by malic and citric acids, accounting for 15.9% and 11.6%, respectively. The mean total phenolic, flavonoid, and soluble solid contents were 1.627 mg/g, 0.588 mg/g, and 16.217 °Brix, respectively. The fig cultivar Banane had the highest total organic acid content and high total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The results of the partial least squares regression showed that the regression coefficients of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chicoric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and quinic acid on the total soluble solids were in the range of 0.194–0.279, favoring the accumulation of total soluble solids. Trans-aconitic acid, citric acid, cis-aconitic acid, pyruvic acid, and tartaric acid promoted the accumulation of total phenolics and flavonoids. The regression coefficients ranged from 0.200 to 0.310 for total phenolics and 0.233 to 0.290 for total flavonoids. The discovery of a close intrinsic association between organic acids and nutrients provides a new reference basis for screening good fig cultivars and their nutritional development.
Comparative Study of Mean, Correlation, Path and ADH Activity in the Screening of Submergence Tolerance in Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh Rahul , Satyendra Satyendra , Prasad Bishun Deo , Talekar Nilesh Suryakant , C.P. Chetariya C.P. Chetariya , Singh Suresh Prasad , Thakur Dharamsheela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Present research investigation comprised of 28 rice genotypes of different origin were evaluated simultaneously under normal and artificially submerged conditions in Random Block Design with three replications to assess genetic parameters, correlation coefficients, direct and indirect effect of yield and yield attributing traits. Whereas, in submerged condition Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was carried out at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after submergence and 5 days after de-submergence The combined analysis of correlation and path revealed significant association in control and submergence stress condition. In control condition, maximum positive significant phenotypic correlation of grain yield was observed with filled grain/panicle followed by Days to 50% Flowering whereas highest negative significant phenotypic correlation was found for grain L/B ratio followed by panicle length. In submergence stress, Survival index had significant role in grain yield and association with other traits. Grain yield in submergence condition is positive significant phenotypic correlated with filled grain/panicle and flag leaf length. Survival index and days to 50% flowering showed negative significant association with grain yield. Phenotypic path coefficient analysis revealed filled grain/panicle and days to 50% flowering showed moderate and positive direct effect on grain yield. Whereas in submergence condition Plant height at Maturity (cm) and Filled Grain/ Panicle showed positive and moderate direct phenotypic effect on grain yield. Biochemical study revealed that high alcohol dehydrogenase activity coupled with high survival percentage was recorded for RYC-743, Rajendra Sweta, Swarna Sub1, and IR 96321-315-402-B-1. Hence, selection for these characters could bring improvement in yield and yield attributing traits.
Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Jojoba Oil as novel antibacterial agent for controlling Pectobacterium carotovorum in potato
Authors: Abdallah Yasmine , Ali Esmat F. , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A.M. , Bagy Hadeel M. Khalil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The current work describes an environmentally friendly way to create silver nanoparticles. Five bacterial isolates were isolated and tested for pathogenicity test, all of this isolates were able to produced typical symptoms of soft rot disease. Isolates Pcc2 caused the highest disease severity. According to 16sRNA it is identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. As a reducing and capping agent, jojoba oil was utilized in the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs may be identified by their UV-VIS, FTIR, and spectra. The transmission electron microscope was used to examine the shape and size of the harmless silver nanoparticles (TEM). The average particle size of the silver nanoparticles, according to the TEM data, was 25.6 ± 10.3 nm, and they had a spherical shape. The silver nanoparticles' surface had organic molecules bound to it, according to FTIR spectroscopy tests. Increasing the dosage of AgNPs had the greatest antibacterial effect against P. carotovorum, which produced soft rot on potatoes. From these results we can conclude that the use of AgNPs safety methods for controlling postharvest disease of potato.
Mendelian randomization Identifies RSPO3 in Serum as a Potential Target for Endometriosis
Authors: Guo Weijie , Zhong Zhuoling , Yang Xiuqi , Ou Taoaixin , Zhang Dingyi , Liu Yanxu , Zhang Yaoyao , Xiong Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Endometriosis lacks effective early intervention and treatment. Our objective is to explore potential protein drug targets in serum for endometriosis and different subtypes of endometriosis, using Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization to provide support for clinical intervention.
Design
Multi-validated two-sample Mendelian randomization study, combined with Bayesian co-localization analysis to determine drug targets.
Setting
Summary statistics from published GWAS in European ancestry populations.
Population or Sample
Instrumental variants for serum proteins of finding cohort were obtained from a study on 3301 people, and instrumental variants for endometriosis and different subtypes of endometriosis of finding cohort were obtained from FinnGen cohort. Data of endometriosis of replicated cohort including 191747 people were obtained from UK biobank, and data of serum proteins of replicated cohort were obtained from a study including 35559 people.
Methods
Using Mendelian randomization, we explored and discovered a significant causal association between certain serum proteins and endometriosis. This finding was validated using data on endometriosis and serum proteins from a validation cohort. Finally, Bayesian colocalization analysis was applied to identify potential drug targets. Additionally, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted on different subtypes of endometriosis to identify proteins potentially associated with these subtypes.
Main outcome measures
Data for the endometriosis discovery cohort were obtained from the FinnGen cohort, and data for the endometriosis validation cohort were obtained from the UK Biobank.
Results
Results from the MR analysis in the finding cohort indicated ten protein–Endometriosis pairs, including Intercellular adhesion molecule 2, R-spondin-3, Intercellular adhesion molecule 4, Endoglin, OX-2 membrane glycoprotein, Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2, Tryptase gamma, Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 9 in the plasma. After validation analysis and Bayesian co-localization analysis, RSPO3 was identified as a potential drug target for endometriosis.
Conclusions
We conducted Mendelian Randomization analysis on GWAS data from a large population, confirming a causal relationship between serum levels of RSPO3 and endometriosis. This suggests that RSPO3 may influence the onset and progression of endometriosis, providing a protective effect. This finding supports its potential as a preventive and therapeutic approach for endometriosis.
Funding
The study was supported by funding from the projects of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau, (Y.Z., Grant No. 2021-YF05-02110-SN), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Y.Z., Grant No. 2020M680149, 2020T130087ZX).
Product state-resolved reactive scattering calculations using stairshaped grids in hyperspherical coordinates for the quantum wavepacket method
Authors: Umer Umair , Usama Syed Muhammad , Zhao Hailin , Sun Zhigang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Effcient calculations of the quantum product state-resolved diﬀerential cross-sections play a crucial role in unraveling the dynamics of a chemical reaction. Using hyperspherical coordinates, a stair shaped grid-based time-dependent quantum wave packet method is proposed for efficiently calculating the product quantum state-resolved reactive scattering information. As numerical examples, quantum product state-resolved reaction probabilities for the reactions of O + O2 and Cl + H2 (v0 =1) with J = 0 are computed, which involve long-time resonance states extending over long-range grids and are difficult for obtaining accurate results using the time-dependent method. The results through calculations are being compared to those obtained using the reactant coordinate-based (RCB) method and the interaction-asymptotic decomposition method (IARD).