bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über den Rindenbranderreger Fusicoccum quercus Oudem. und andere Rindenpilze der Eiche
Authors: Von Butin H. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Fusicoccum quercus Oudem., the cause of a bark dieback, and other bark fungi from oak. A survey of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic fungi on the bark of young oak includes F. quercus for which the symptoms and epidemiology are described in detail and Amphiporthe leiphaemia, Phomopsis quercella, Pezicula cinnamomea, Hercospora taleola, Colpoma quercinum and Botrytis cinerea.
Ein Beitrag zur Regeneration und zur Infektion dünner Fichtenwurzeln (Picea abies Karst.) durch Basidio‐ und Ascomyceten
Authors: Siepmann R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRegeneration of thin roots of spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and invasion of them by fungi present in the soil. 266 roots of spruce were severed 35–150 cm from the base of the tree; the diameter of the roots at the cut ends was 0.3–3 cm. Either replacement roots were formed and hyphae mainly of Ascomycetes were found in the original roots only near the cut ends or no new roots were formed and the ascomycetous hyphae had invaded Further. Formation of replacement roots was lower on calcareous soils. At and before the Front of the hyphae a brown substance occurred in the tracheids. Odontia bicolor had invaded the roots of a few trees on the calcareous soil, Fomes annosus was found in only one thin root. ‐ Roots with a diameter larger than 3 cm at the cut ends were invaded by Fomes annosus, and no new roots were formed.
Melampsoridium on Alnus in Europe. M. alni conspecific with M. betulinum
Authors: Roll‐Hansen F. , Roll‐Hansen Helga 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Melampsoridium betulinum from Betula verrucosa was found able in infection experiments to infect Alnus barbata, A. cordata, A. glutinosa, A. incana, A. orientalis, A. rhombifola, and A. viridis. Melampsoridium collections on Alnus spp. in Norway, Finland, Scotland, and Ireland were identified with M. betulinum. Alnus species seem to be poorer hosts for M. betulinum than the Betula species. M. alni is conspecific with M. betulinum.
Classification morphologique des ectomycorhizes du chêne et du hêtre dans le nord‐est de la France
Authors: Voiry H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMorphological classification of oak and beech ectomycorrhizae in the north‐east of France. The mycorrhizae are classed into three main groups (according to the structure of the outer mantle and of attached mycelium) and thirteen types. Each type is illustrated by photographs and a precise description. The morphological differentiation from group 1 to group 3 is pointed out, in relation to the place of the fungus in the systematic classification of species. The possible relationships between the morphology of mycorrhizae and their nutritional efficiency is discussed.
The bacterial disease of ash (Fraxinus excelsior), caused by Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi pv. fraxini1
Authors: Janse J. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe history and occurrence of the so‐called bacterial canker of ash (Fraxinus excelsior), caused by Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi pv. fraxini1 are outlined. Symptoms of the disease and other forms of damage, such as Nectria‐canker, damage by the ash bark beetle, Leperisinus varius and twig‐mining by the ash bud moth, Prays fraxnella are discussed in detail.
Detection of soluble antigens of Erwinia salicis in leaves of Salix alba by Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: De Kam M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSoluble antigens of Erwinia salicis are transported through the xylem vessels to the leaves of Salix species. These antigens can be detected by the use of the Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in willow trees in the absence of bacterial cells and are also produced in pure cultures. In this way populations of E. salicis occurring in stem or branches can be traced in the leaves. The possibilities for more general application in the detection of vascular parasites is discussed.
Economic significance of the infection of beech forests by Hypoxylon deustum (Hoffm. et Fr.) Grev. at Sara Mountain
Authors: Prljincevic M. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe fungus Hypoxylon deustum, which is destructive to beech, has been studied. Its spread in beech forests has been examined in detail. Parts of the beech trunks infected with this fungus have been analyzed and the damage to the forest economy has been estimated.In field experiments, beech trees have been infected with mycelia, ascospores and conidia of Hypoxylon deustum in order to investigate their pathogenic properties.
Infection of Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta stumps by basidiospores of Heterobasidion annosum
Authors: Redfern D. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInfection of Pinus contorta and Picea sitchensis stumps by basidiospores of Heterobasidion annosum is extremely variable, both within and between sites, but in general P. sitchensis stumps are less sus‐ceptible than those of P. contorta. Measurement of the cross‐sectional area occupied by H. annosum on each stump provides a more sensitive test of species susceptibility than assessment of the proportion of stumps infected. P. sitchensis stumps become infected on a variety of soils but there is evidence to suggest that infection may be reduced by high rainfall.In some infected stumps, H. annosum is confined to the lower stump tissues. Its absence from the upper portion of the stump may be due to replacement by other micro‐organisms or, alternatively, physical conditions in the upper stump tissues may prevent its continued survival after infection has taken place. In both species, but more commonly in P. sitchensis, some stumps remain alive for at least two years after felling, particularly on peat soils, due to the presence of root grafts with neighbouring trees. Results for P. sitchensis suggest that infection occurs more readily in living stumps than in those which die rapidly after felling.The viability of H. annosum basidiospore suspensions can be determined more accurately and more rapidly on a selective agar medium than on conifer stem sections.
Antagonism of some Bacillus species to a Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn isolate and its effect on the germination of Pinus nigra Arn. seed
Authors: Turchetti T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe antagonistic activity of some Bacillus species to a Rhizoctonia solani isolate was tested and the effects of a Bacillus subtilis strain on the germination of Pinus nigra Arn. seed were studied.
Kristallbildung bei Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (Fomes annosus P. Karst.) und anderen holzbewohnenden Pilzen
Authors: Von Holdenrieder O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProduction of crystals by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (= Fomes annosus P. Karst.) and some other wood‐inhabiting fungi. The formation of crystals was observed on hyphae and in the medium during in vitro investigations of antagonistic interrelationships between Heterobasidion annosum and 16 other fungi. In monocultures only Calciumoxalate was found. A crystalline organic compound was produced by Heterobasidion annosum on its hyphae, only in the presence of an antagonist. The compound was characterized spectrometrically.
Uber das Vorkommen von Calciumoxalat‐Kristallen1 in Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.
Authors: Von Volger C. , Hesse Chr. , Vogt A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe increasing appearance of rods (»Stäbchen«) being found in Heterobasidion annosum cultures was investigated. They proved to be neither bacterial impurities nor fomannosin but calcium oxalates. The number of rod‐shaped crystals depended on the quality of the tap water taken for the culture medium and on genetical aspects. The importance of calciumoxalates being formed by H. annosum is discussed.
Action in vitro de fongicides benzimidazoles et thiophanates sur Ceratocystis fimbriata E. et H. f. platani
Authors: Tawil M. , Pichenot Mathilde , Ambrosio M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn vitro action of selected benzimidazole and thiophanate systemic fungicides on Ceratocystis fimbriata E. et H. f. platani. The relative effects of several systemic fungicides (benzimidazoles: carbendazim, benomyl, and thiabendazole; and a thiophanate: methyl‐thiophanate) of French strain of Ceratocystis fimbriata E. et H. (platani were studied in vitro by measuring mycelium diameter growth, percent conidiospore germination, and development from chlamydospores. Both strains were sensitive to carbendazim and methyl‐thiophanate. These chemicals inhibited mycelium growth and development of chlamydospores.
Comparaison de deux methodes ?estimation de ľinfection dejeunespeupliersparleMarssoninabrunnea(Ell. et Ev.) P. Magn.
Authors: Joannes H. , Pinon J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Comparison of two methods for evaluating infection of young poplar leaves by Marssonina brunnea. Two methods for evaluating foliar infection by Marssonina brunnea have been compared on 783 twigs. They appear to be correlated. Distribution in infection classes can be coded and this allows a prediction of the number of spots per square centimeter. Application of the code to two other experiments is discussed.
Influence de la mycorhization et de la fertilisation sur le comportement de jeunes plants d'érable sycomore (Acer pseudoplatanus Link.)
Authors: Kabre A. , Garbaye J. , le Tacon F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Influence of mycorrhizae and fertilization on Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings. A greenhouse experi‐ment compared growth and mineral nutrition of Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings on two soils with different fertilizations and with different endomycorrhization treatments. A strain of Glomus mosseae and a mycorrhizal complex from an A. pseudoplatanus stand prove to be much more growth efficient than the natural inoculum of the soils, mainly by improving phosphorus nutrition. These effects are additive to those of fertilization. This last result suggests that controlled mycorrhization can be of great practical interest even on rich soils.
Simple diagnosis of ectomycorrhiza formation and demonstration of the architecture of the Hartig net by means of a clearing technique
Authors: Nylund J.‐E. , Kasimir Asa , Arveby Agneta Strandberg , Unestam T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConiferous ectomycorrhiza was cleared in KOH and bleached in H2 02 . After the treatment, the structure of the Hartig net and inner mantle could be studied in detail in entire mycorrhizal short roots. The Hartig net and inner mantle were found to be formed by the same type of labyrinthic tissue, a result of morphogenetic processes during mycorrhiza formation. Even early phases of mycorrhizal infection could easily be detected, which makes the method very suitable for diagnosticating mycorrhiza formation accurately.
Role of mycorrhiza and soil fungi in natural regeneration of fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Polish Carpathians and Sudetes
Authors: Kowalski S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChanges occurring in mycotrophy of fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) and in communities of the soil fungi, fungi living in roots, and fungi from rhizosphere were studied in mountain forest stands, both with good and poor regeneration of fir. The intent of these studies was to contribute to the elucidation of the problem of whether the lack of fir regeneration could be connected with microbiological changes taking place in the soil environment.
Temperature sensitivity of qualitative race‐cultivar interactions in Melampsora medusae Thüm. and Populus species
Authors: Singh S. J. , Heather W. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSix mono‐uredospore isolates (races) of Melampsora medusae Thiim. produced qualitatively distinct reactions, in vitro, when incubated at 15 °C on leaf disks of certain cultivars of Populus deltoides Marsh. The infection types in some race‐cultivar combinations were very temperature sensitive with less distinct reactions when incubated at 20 or 25°C. The significance of differential race‐cultivar‐temperature interaction in the epidemiology of M. medusae is discussed.
Cell wall‐degrading enzymes produced by Seiridium cardinale, agent of the cypress canker
Authors: Magro P. , Lenna P. Di , Marciano P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPolygalacturonase, Xylanase and Cellulase in Seiridium cardinale grown on cypress cell walls and on infected cypress shoots were detected.Isoenzymes were resolved by isoelectric focusing and differences were found between “in vivo” and “in vitro” patterns.
Decay susceptibility of wood in defoliated fir trees related to changing physical, chemical, and biological properties
Authors: Shortle W. C. , Ostropsky A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wood from balsam fir trees indicated that as cambial electrical resistance increased in defoliated trees, the susceptibility of wood to decay appeared to increase. Increased susceptibility of wood to decay was associated with decreasing electrical resistance of wood as the tree lost its capacity to compartmentalize decaying wood.
Fomannoxin, a phytotoxic metabolite of Fomes annosus: in vitro production, host toxicity and isolation from naturally infected Sitka spruce heartwood
Authors: Heslin M. C. , Stuart M. R. , Murchú P. Ó. , Donnelly D. M. X. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effect of different culture conditions on growth and production of fomannoxin and the sesquiterpene phytotoxin fomannosin by a single isolate of Fomes annosus was studied. Whereas fomannoxin was produced by actively growing hyphae, fomannosin production was associated with the declinning growth phase of the fungus. The presence of fomannoxin in chloroform extracts from the stained stein heartwood zone of Fomes annosus diseased Sitka spruce trees was established. Fomannosin however was not detected. Toxicity of fomannoxin to germinating seeds and young seedlings of Sitka spruce was demonstrated.
Combined air pollution and pine ring structure observed xylochronologically1
Authors: Yokobori M. , Ohta S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRing characteristics of pine trees grown in polluted air showed up distinctly as a decrease in newly devised synthetic indicators such as product of W (relative ring width) and DD (relative difference between maximum and minimum density within a ring) or product of W and MD (relative mean density). Intensity of combined air pollution was estimated by the total of daily maximum concentration of SO2, ozone, NO2, and NO2. Since synthetic indicators show a significant correlation, at the over 98% confidence level, with the intensity of combined air pollution, phytotoxicity of air to pine growth must be attributable at least in part to combined effect of air pollutants.
Field observations on the biocontrol of Dutch elm disease with Trichoderma virie pellets
Authors: Ricard J. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFifteen elm trees ranging in DBH from 25 to 40 cm were inoculated with ca. 8 mm diameter pellets containing propagules of Trichoderma viride IMI 206039 and IMI 2006040 besides nutrients. These pellets were inserted in the trunks every 10 cm around the circumference. Dead elms present upwind and downwind from the 15 treated elms remained standing during the four year duration of the experiment. No progress in the disease occurred during three growing seasons after the original treatment. During the fourth growing season (1982) 4 elms died and 11 survived, though one was severely damaged. These 11 surviving trees were retreated in September 1982.
Infections artificielles de jeunes plants ?Hevea brasiliensis par Rigidoporus lignosus (Kl.) Imaz. et Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. H. Cunn.1
Authors: Nandris D. , Nicole M. , Geiger J. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInoculations of young plants of Hevea brasiliensis by Rigidoporus lignosus (Kl.) Imaz. and Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. H. Cunn. Inoculations of young Rubber plants by two root rotting fungi, Rigidoporuslignosus and Phellinus noxius were performed under greenhouse conditions. For each parasite, parameters such as method of inoculation and level of soil moisture, were investigate. The results are discussed in relation to the fungal biology.
In vitro testing for the resistance of conifers to the fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. on callus cultures
Authors: Hřib J. , Rypáček V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDefence reactions to the fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii were studied in spruce, pine, larch and Douglas‐fir callus cultures. It was found that the defence reaction of the callus culture could indicate the degree of the resistance of the tree species to the wood‐destroying fungus.
Root and butt rot of Todo fir (Abies sachalinensis) caused by Heterobasidion annosum s.l. in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Tokuda S. , Ota Y. , Hattori T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe occurrence and symptoms of root and butt rot were examined in a 35 × 30 m plot of 68‐year‐old Todo fir plantation in Hokkaido, Japan. Forty‐seven percent of the cut stumps were decayed and 52% of the decayed stumps showed similar decay characteristics with yellowish orange to light brown colouration and expanded pockets in the heartwood. Morphological characteristics of the pure cultures isolated from the decay were similar to the cultures isolated from basidiocarps of Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato, found on fallen logs outside of the research site. Also DNA analysis based on the combined data set of three gene loci (glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein 80–1 and elongation factor 1‐alpha genes) showed that the isolates from the decay are included in the same clade with the Japanese H. annosum s.l. isolates. They form a subclade to H. parviporum (the European S group of H. annosum s.l.). This is the first report of molecular determination of H. annosum s.l. isolated from root and butt rot in a plantation in Japan.
Phylogeographic patterns ofArmillariaostoyaein the western United States
Authors: Hanna J. W. , Klopfenstein N. B. , Kim M.‐S. , McDonald G. I. , Moore J. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryNuclear ribosomal DNA regions (i.e. large subunit, internal transcribed spacer, 5.8S and intergenic spacer) were sequenced using a direct‐polymerase chain reaction method fromArmillaria ostoyaegenets collected from the western USA. Many of theA. ostoyaegenets contained heterogeneity among rDNA repeats, indicating intragenomic variation and likely intraspecific hybridization. Intragenomic variation was verified by visually editing base‐sequence offsets in regions with insertions/deletions, and using sequence‐specific internal primers to resequence heterogeneous regions. Phylogenetic analyses with Bayesian Inference methods were used to define groups withinA. ostoyae. Analysis ofA. ostoyaefrom outside the western USA indicated the presence of a Circumboreal group ofA. ostoyaethat also occurs in Utah; two other phylogeographic groups were associated with the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions of the USA. Mixed sequence types, an indication of intraspecific hybrids, were common in some geographic regions. Hybridization events may have influenced species evolution, contributing to variation in pathogenicity and virulence. The occurrence of these groups and intraspecific hybrids also indicates that paleogeography and paleoclimate may have influenced the phylogeography ofA. ostoyae. In addition, otherArmillariaspecies were examined for evolutionary relationships with the groups ofA. ostoyae. These findings will provide a basis for future research relating ecological function to genetic diversity withinA. ostoyae.
Distribution of Peach latent mosaic viroid in Commercial Orchards of Peach in the North of Tunisia
Authors: Fekih Hassen I. , Massart S. , Roussel S. , Kummert J. , Fakhfakh H. , Marrakchi M. , Jijakli M. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) was monitored during 2 years in peach orchards located in the North of Tunisia. PLMVd population was surveyed using a specific RT‐PCR test adapted to crude sap extract. During the first year (2004), 228 samples were randomly selected in 22 peach orchards (eight cultivars) and tested for the presence of PLMVd. Results showed that PLMVd is highly and equally present in four regions of the North of Tunisia. Analyses of some key factors in relation to PLMVd incidence revealed that the tree age did not influence the infection rate. The eight studied cultivars were clustered in three groups according to their PLMVd incidence. Furthermore, the early and season cultivars were statistically more infected than the late cultivars. Prospections in May and October 2005 were performed in four selected orchards. Each two orchards contained Early May Crest (early cultivar) and Carnival (late cultivar) cultivars, respectively. The difference in PLMVd incidence observed in 2004 was confirmed. Furthermore, no correlation between the tree physiological state and the viroid detection was observed. Further investigations on the origin of the differences in PLMVd incidence between Early May Crest and Carnival cultivars would be of interest.
Comparative Ultrastructure of Cucumbers Pretreated with Plant Growth‐promoting Rhizobacteria, DL‐3‐aminobutyric Acid or Amino Salicylic Acid after Inoculation with Colletotrichum orbiculare
Authors: Jeun Y. C. , Kim K. W. , Kim K. D. , Hyun J. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe infection behaviour of Colletotrichum orbiculare was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in the leaves of cucumber plants preinoculated with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Serratia marcescens (90‐166) or Pseudomonas fluorescens (89B61) after inoculation with the anthracnose pathogen. Moreover, the structural defence mechanisms mediated by pretreating dl‐3‐amino butyric acid or amino salicylic acid was compared with those mediated by these two PGPR. In untreated plants broadly spread intercellular/intracellular hyphae were found in leaf tissues. The cytoplasm of fungal hyphae appeared intact and the electron densities of intercellular and intracellular hyphae were not high even at 5 days after fungal inoculation, indicating lack of defence responses. However, in the leaves of plants preinoculated with both PGPR active defence responses were observed, i.e. sheath formation at penetration sites, and accumulations of endoplasmic reticula or of numerous vesicles around intracellular hyphae. Furthermore, the electron densities of most intracellular and intercellular hyphae were higher than those of untreated control plants. In the leaves of plants pretreated with both chemicals, the hyphae of the pathogen were rarely observed at 5 days after challenge inoculation. Similar to the case of PGPR‐pretreated plants, the most intercellular and intracellular hyphae in plant tissues were electron dense. However, no active defence responses were observed in leaf tissues. Moreover, in some cases, hyphal growth was restricted to the epidermal cell layer, and in particular, was not observed to develop in mesophyll cells of the plants. These results suggest that the mechanisms of systemically induced resistance are differently expressed by preinoculating with PGPR or by pretreating with chemicals.