bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific transporter for iron(III): Phytosiderophore complex involved in iron uptake by barley roots
Authors: Murata Yoshiko , Harada Emiko , Sugase Kenji , Namba Kosuke , Horikawa Manabu , Ma Jian Feng , Yamaji Naoki , Ueno Daisei , Nomoto Kyosuke , Iwashita Takashi , Kusumoto Shoichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant growth. Gramineous plants have generally developed a distinct strategy to efficiently acquire insoluble Fe, which is characterized by the synthesis and secretion of an Fe-chelating substance, phytosiderophore (PS) such as mugineic acid (MA), and by a specific uptake system for Fe(III)-PS complexes. In a previous study, we identified a gene specifically encoding an Fe(III)-PS transporter (HvYS1) in barley. This gene as well as the encoded protein is specifically expressed in the epidermal cells of the roots, and gene expression is greatly enhanced under Fe-deficient conditions. The localization and substrate specificity of HvYS1 indicate that it is a specific transporter in barley roots. In contrast, ZmYS1, which has been reported as an Fe-PS transporter from maize, possesses broad substrate specificity despite a high homology with HvYS1. By assessing the transport activity of a series of HvYS1-ZmYS1 chimeras, we revealed that the outer membrane loop between the 6th and 7th transmembrane regions is essential for the substrate specificity. We also achieved an efficient short-step synthesis of MA and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA). Our new synthetic method enabled us to use them in a large quantity for biological studies.
Action mechanism of metallo-allixin complexes as antidiabetic agents
Authors: Hiromura Makoto , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a group of factors associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classified into 2 major types - type 1 DM and type 2 DM - characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action, respectively. Several synthetic pharmaceuticals have been developed and clinically used for treating DM; however, these pharmaceuticals continue to cause side effects. Recently, we proposed that oxovanadium(IV) (vanadyl) and zinc(II) (zinc) complexes are potent antidiabetic agents for both type 1 and type 2 DM therapy. This article reviews the vanadyl- and zinc-allixin and their related complexes that are being currently developed as novel types of antidiabetic metal complexes, focusing on their action mechanism in terms of regulation of the insulin signaling pathway and inhibition of lipolysis signaling in adipocyte cells.
On the Effectiveness of the Dynamic Force Adjustment for Reducing the Scatter of Instrumented Charpy Results
Authors: Lucon Enrico 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
One of the key factors for obtaining reliable instrumented Charpy results is the calibration of the instrumented striker. An interesting alternative to the conventional static calibration recommended by the standards is the dynamic force adjustment (DFA), in which forces and displacements are iteratively adjusted until equality is achieved between absorbed energies calculated under the test record (Wt) and measured by the machine encoder (KV). In this study, the procedure has been applied to the instrumented data obtained by ten international laboratories using notched and precracked Charpy specimens, in the framework of a Coordinated Research Project (CRP8) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). DFA is extremely effective in reducing the between-laboratory scatter for both general yield and maximum forces. The effect is less significant for dynamic reference temperatures measured from precracked Charpy specimens using the Master Curve procedure, but a moderate reduction of the standard deviation is, however, observed. It is shown that striker calibration is a prominent contribution to the interlaboratory variability of instrumented impact forces, particularly in the case of maximum forces.
Recent Spread of a Retrotransposon in theSilene latifoliaGenome, Apart From the Y Chromosome
Authors: Filatov Dmitry A , Howell Elaine C , Groutides Constantinos , Armstrong Susan J 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTransposable elements often accumulate in nonrecombining regions, such as Y chromosomes. Contrary to this trend, a new Silene retrotransposon described here, has spread recently all over the genome of plant Silene latifolia, except its Y chromosome. This coincided with the latest steps of sex chromosome evolution in this species.
Development and validation of aDaphnia magnafour-day survival and growth test method
Authors: Lazorchak James M. , Smith Mark E. , Haring Herman J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractZooplankton are an important part of the aquatic ecology of all lakes and streams. As a result, numerous methods have been developed to assess the quality of waterbodies using various zooplankton species. Included in these is the freshwater species Daphnia magna. Current test methods using D. magna involve acute lethality test methods ranging from 24 to 96 h in duration and chronic test methods with durations of 21 to 28 d. Whereas the current acute and chronic test methods are useful, a need exists for a shorter-duration test method that will provide a chronic or subchronic endpoint with this species. In the present study, a 4-d, static-renewal survival and growth test was developed for use with D. magna. The test results were compared to performance criteria and results from 7-d survival and reproduction tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia to determine the level of comparability between the two methods. Results from the 4-d D. magna survival and growth test method indicated that this method will produce consistent results with various reference toxicant materials and provide data that are both reproducible and useful for detecting potential toxicity in aquatic environments.
Asbestosis and Catalase Genetic Polymorphism
Authors: Franko Alenka , Dolžan Vita , Arnerić Niko , Dodič-Fikfak Metoda 
Published: December 2008

Asbestosis and Catalase Genetic PolymorphismCatalase (CAT) is part of the enzymatic defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to be involved in the pathogenesis of asbestosis. This study investigates whether CAT -262 C>T genetic polymorphism influences the risk of asbestosis in workers occupationally exposed to asbestos.The nested case-control study included 262 cases with asbestosis and 265 controls with no asbestos-related disease. Data on cumulative asbestos exposure and smoking were available. A real-time PCR assay was introduced for genotyping CAT -262 C>T promoter polymorphism.A slightly elevated risk of asbestosis was observed in subjects with the CAT -262 TT genotype compared to others (OR=1.36, CI 0.70-2.62). This risk did not change substantially after adjustment by sex, age, and smoking, but the involvement of cumulative asbestos exposure changed the OR to 1.91 (CI 0.93-3.91). These findings indicate that the CAT -262 TT genotype may be slightly associated with an increased risk of asbestosis. No synergistic effect was found between cumulative asbestos exposure and the CAT -262 TT genotype, but cumulative asbestos exposure acted as a confounder. These results are an important contribution to understanding the interactions between genetic and environmental factors that may modify the risk of asbestosis.
Assessing Clinical Competency: Reports from Discussion Groups
Authors: Turnwald Grant , Stone Elizabeth , Bristol David , Fuentealba Carmen , Hardie Lizette , Hellyer Peter , Jaeger Laurie , Kerwin Sharon , Kochevar Deborah , Lissemore Kerry , Olsen Christopher , Rogers Kenita , Sabin Beth , Swanson Cliff , Warner Angeline 
Published: December 2008

This report describes proposed new models for assessment of eight of the nine clinical competencies the American Veterinary Medical Association Council on Education requires for accreditation. The models were developed by discussion groups at the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges’ Clinical Competency Symposium. Clinical competencies and proposed models (in parentheses) are described. Competency 1: comprehensive patient diagnosis (neurologic examination on a dog, clinical reasoning skills); Competency 2: comprehensive treatment planning (concept mapping, computerized case studies); Competency 3: anesthesia, pain management (student portfolio); Competency 4: surgery skills (objective structured clinical examination, cased-based examination, “super dog” model); Competency 5: medicine skills (clinical reasoning and case management, skills checklist); Competency 6: emergency and intensive care case management (computerized case study or scenario); Competency 7: health promotion, disease prevention/biosecurity (360° evaluation, case-based computer simulation); Competency 8: client communications and ethical conduct (Web-based evaluation forms, client survey, communicating with stakeholders, telephone conversation, written scenario-based cases). The report also describes faculty recognition for participating in clinical competency assessments.
Comprehensive Modeling of Ion Conduction of Nanosized CaF2/BaF2 Multilayer Heterostructures
Authors: Guo Xiangxin , Maier Joachim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMolecular beam epitaxy‐grown CaF2/BaF2 heterolayers are a demonstration of the potential of nanoionics. It has been shown that ion conductivities both parallel and perpendicular to the interfaces increase with decrease in interfacial spacing. This size effect was attributed to the thermodynamically necessary redistribution of the mobile fluoride ions (N. Sata, K. Eberl, K. Eberman, J. Maier, Nature 2000, 408, 946; X. X. Guo, I. Matei, J.‐S. Lee, J. Maier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 103102). On this basis, the striking phenomenon of an upward bending in the effective parallel conductivity as a function of inverse interfacial spacing ${\sigma}_{m}^{||} ({{\rm 1}/ \ell})$ for low temperatures (T ≤ 593 K) has been satisfactorily explained by application of a modified Mott–Schottky model for BaF2 (X.X. Guo, I. Matei, J. Jamnik, J.‐S. Lee, J. Maier, Phys. Rev. B 2007, 76, 125429). This model was further confirmed by measurements perpendicular to the interfaces that offer complementary information on the more resistive parts. Here a successful comprehensive modeling of parallel and perpendicular conductivities for the whole parameter range, namely for interfacial spacings ranging from 6 to 200 nm and investigated temperatures ranging from 455 to 833 K, is presented. The model is based on literature data for carrier mobilities and Frenkel reaction constants and the assumption of a pronounced F− redistribution. Given the fact that an impurity content that was experimentally supported is taken into account and apart from minor assumptions concerning profile homogeneity, the only fit parameter is the space charge potential. In particular, it is worth mentioning that in BaF2 the low temperature Mott–Schottky space charge zone which is determined by impurities changes over, at high temperatures, into a Gouy–Chapman situation owing to increased thermal disorder. (The situation in CaF2 is of Gouy–Chapman type at all temperatures.)
Ultrathin Films of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics and Sensors: A Review of Fundamental and Applied Aspects
Authors: Cao Qing , Rogers John A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUltrathin films of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent an attractive, emerging class of material, with properties that can approach the exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics of individual SWNTs, in a format that, unlike isolated tubes, is readily suitable for scalable integration into devices. These features suggest the potential for realistic applications as conducting or semiconducting layers in diverse types of electronic, optoelectronic and sensor systems. This article reviews recent advances in assembly techniques for forming such films, modeling and experimental work that reveals their collective properties, and engineering aspects of implementation in sensors and in electronic devices and circuits with various levels of complexity. A concluding discussion provides some perspectives on possibilities for future work in fundamental and applied aspects.
Molecular Engineering of DNA: Molecular Beacons
Authors: Wang Kemin , Tang Zhiwen , Yang Chaoyong James , Kim Youngmi , Fang Xiaohong , Li Wei , Wu Yanrong , Medley Colin D. , Cao Zehui , Li Jun , Colon Patrick , Lin Hui , Tan Weihong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMolecular beacons (MBs) are specifically designed DNA hairpin structures that are widely used as fluorescent probes. Applications of MBs range from genetic screening, biosensor development, biochip construction, and the detection of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to mRNA monitoring in living cells. The inherent signal‐transduction mechanism of MBs enables the analysis of target oligonucleotides without the separation of unbound probes. The MB stem–loop structure holds the fluorescence‐donor and fluorescence‐acceptor moieties in close proximity to one another, which results in resonant energy transfer. A spontaneous conformation change occurs upon hybridization to separate the two moieties and restore the fluorescence of the donor. Recent research has focused on the improvement of probe composition, intracellular gene quantitation, protein–DNA interaction studies, and protein recognition.
Toward a consensus map of science
Authors: Klavans Richard , Boyack Kevin W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA consensus map of science is generated from an analysis of 20 existing maps of science. These 20 maps occur in three basic forms: hierarchical, centric, and noncentric (or circular). The consensus map, generated from consensus edges that occur in at least half of the input maps, emerges in a circular form. The ordering of areas is as follows: mathematics is (arbitrarily) placed at the top of the circle, and is followed clockwise by physics, physical chemistry, engineering, chemistry, earth sciences, biology, biochemistry, infectious diseases, medicine, health services, brain research, psychology, humanities, social sciences, and computer science. The link between computer science and mathematics completes the circle. If the lowest weighted edges are pruned from this consensus circular map, a hierarchical map stretching from mathematics to social sciences results. The circular map of science is found to have a high level of correspondence with the 20 existing maps, and has a variety of advantages over hierarchical and centric forms. A one‐dimensional Riemannian version of the consensus map is also proposed.
Why do standardized ISO 14001 environmental management systems lead to heterogeneous environmental outcomes?
Authors: Yin Haitao , Schmeidler Peter J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInstitutional theories and resource‐based views have suggested that, although they appear similar externally, standardized management systems may be implemented very differently in different organizations. This variability in implementation may be responsible for the heterogeneous performance of these standardized management systems. The current literature on the environmental impacts of ISO 14001 certification has largely neglected this phenomenon. Drawing on our survey of all US 14001 certificate holders, this study finds that great variability does exist in facilities' implementation of ISO 14001 standards. This heterogeneity has a significant impact on the linkage between ISO 14001 certification and facilities' environmental performance. In particular, we find that facilities that integrate ISO 14001 standards into their daily operations are more likely to report improvements in environmental performance. Environmental improvements are also more likely to occur in facilities that include performance management elements in their ISO 14001 standards. Furthermore, both types of facility are more likely to report that ISO certification contributes to this improvement. Neglecting the heterogeneity in facilities' implementation of ISO 14001 standards may explain the instability of findings from the empirical literature investigating the impacts of ISO 14001 certification. Theoretically, this paper informs the understanding of heterogeneous organizational behavior under isomorphic pressures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A method of estimating the output fluctuation of many photovoltaic power generation systems dispersed in a wide area
Authors: Murata Akinobu , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Otani Kenji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe largest output fluctuation is an index used to quantify the disturbance of a power grid caused by wind power plants and photovoltaic power generation systems connected to it. In order to develop its estimation method, we investigate the relationship between the largest output fluctuation and the standard deviation of a newly proposed random variable generated by differencing the output variation of photovoltaic power generation systems. Output fluctuation coefficients are defined and estimated using measured data of photovoltaic power generation systems located at 52 places. An approximation equation is presented to predict geographical correlations between the proposed random variables for photovoltaic power systems by using the distances between their locations. Finally, it is shown that the largest output fluctuation of many photovoltaic power generation systems dispersed in a wide area is predictable by using the output fluctuation coefficients and the equation approximating the geographical correlations of output fluctuations. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 9–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20723
Facile Synthesis of Bastnaesite‐Type LaF[CO3] and Its Thermal Decomposition to LaOF for Bulk and Eu3+‐Doped Samples
Authors: Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRare‐earth metal(III) oxide fluorides with the composition MOF (M = La–Lu) seem to offer promising host lattices for luminescence applications by doping these materials with trivalent lanthanoid cations. Unfortunately, there was no simple and practicable way to synthesize the compounds in phase‐pure quality with classical solid‐state chemistry reactions. However, by using the rare‐earth metal(III) fluoride oxocarbonates, MF[CO3], as solution‐born precursor materials that crystallize with a bastnaesite‐type structure, easy access is now possible by mild thermal decomposition. Synthetic details, investigations on the phase purity and the presence of the oxocarbonate anion [CO3]2– proved by IR measurements as well as from X‐ray powder diffraction data are given in this paper for the example of bulk LaF[CO3] and Eu3+‐doped samples. The latter (LaF[CO3]:Eu3+) shows a bright orange‐red luminescence that is stronger than that of the product of its thermal decomposition: trimorphic LaOF:Eu3+.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Use of Achiral Oxazolidine‐2‐thiones in Selective Preparation of trans 2,5‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Jalce Gaël , Franck Xavier , Figadère Bruno 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe use of achiral N‐acetyloxazolidine‐2‐thiones in the C‐glycosylation of lactol acetates has allowed us to prepare with high diastereoselectivity the expected trans 2,5‐disubstituted tetrahydrofurans. A study based on the role of the steric hindrance of the N‐acetyloxazolidine‐2‐thiones is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Macrocyclization of Di‐Boc‐guanidino‐alkylamines Related to Guazatine Components: Discovery and Synthesis of Innovative Macrocyclic Amidinoureas
Authors: Castagnolo Daniele , Raffi Francesco , Giorgi Gianluca , Botta Maurizio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of new and innovative macrocyclic amidinoureas from linear di‐Boc‐guanidino‐alkylamines related to guazatine was accomplished. The macrocyclization reaction proceeds under mild conditions affording 11‐ to 16‐membered rings with a new and previously undescribed structure in good yields. Enantiomerically pure macrocyclic amidinoureas were also synthesised. The strict correlation between macrocyclic amidinoureas and the natural productguazatine makes them very actractive also from a biological point of view. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
First Total Synthesis of 14C‐Labeled Procyanidin B2 – A Milestone Toward Understanding Cocoa Polyphenol Metabolism (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 36/2008)
Authors: Viton Florian , Landreau Cyrille , Rustidge David , Robert Fabien , Williamson Gary , Barron Denis 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the key steps of the first asymmetric total synthesis of procyanidin B2, one of the major dietary polyphenols present in cocoa and chocolate. During the last decades, the health benefits of foods consumed for pure pleasure have received much recognition. Many biological studies have evidenced the beneficial health effects of procyanidins. However, the absorption and metabolism of procyanidins is still not fully understood, and some aspects are still controversial. In order to strengthen this knowledge, the first total synthesis of procyanidin B2 was developed and applied to the preparation of a regioselectively radiolabeled analogue incorporating a 14C label at the 2‐position of the upper C‐ring moiety. This enantioselective synthesis was achieved in 14 “hot” steps, involving as key steps the Sharpless dihydroxylation of an elaborated alkene, a stereoselective intramolecular cyclization and the condensation of two (–)‐epicatechin units. The radiolabelled procyanidin B2 obtained through this reaction pathway will be used in bioavailability studies. Details are discussed in the article by F. Viton et al. on p. 6069 ff. The authors acknowledge Tonic Life Communications for the design of the cover page and the European Union 6th Framework project “FLAVO” for partial support of this research work.
Uranium series dates from the windy pits of the North York Moors, United Kingdom: implications for late Quaternary ice cover and timing of speleogenesis
Authors: Murphy P. J. , Lundberg J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWindy pits are open fissures within the Corallian strata of the North York Moors. Here we present nine thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U–Th dates on speleothem from the windy pits, the first radiometric dates on calcite for these features and for this region. The dates cluster within three time periods: the interglacial peaks of marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 (∼208 to ∼190 ka), MIS 5 (∼127 ka to ∼109 ka) and the Holocene, correlating with the marine isotope record and with the broad pattern of interglacial calcite deposition observed for northern England. However, of the two high‐resolution studies available for comparison, the windy‐pit dates match only the Lancaster Hole dates. The location of the windy pits outside of the Devensian ice limits, within the ice‐free but periglaciated region, suggests that the region has remained ice‐free since some time before MIS 7. The prevalence of widespread and prolonged permafrost conditions suggests a plausible mechanism for these open rift caves in slope‐side periglacial mass movement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Height functions for applying contact angles to 3D VOF simulations
Authors: Afkhami S. , Bussmann M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA rigorous methodology is presented for applying a contact angle as a contact line boundary condition within a 3D volume‐of‐fluid‐based flow algorithm, based on the recently developed height function methodology that yields accurate interface normals and curvatures from volume fractions. We demonstrate that the approach yields accurate estimates of curvature and surface tension at a contact line, values that converge with spatial refinement. We then study the efficacy of this approach via examples of both static and dynamic contact line phenomena. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.