bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal HB‐EGF administration favors adult SVZ cell mobilization to demyelinated lesions in mouse corpus callosum
Authors: Cantarella Cristina , Cayre Myriam , Magalon Karine , Pascale Durbec 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the adult rodent brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) represents a special niche for neural stem cells; these cells proliferate and generate neural progenitors. Most of these migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. SVZ‐derived progenitors can also be recruited spontaneously to damaged brain areas to replace lost cells, including oligodendrocytes in demyelinated lesions. In this study, we searched for factors able to enhance this spontaneous recruitment of endogenous progenitors. Previous studies have suggested that epidermal growth factor (EGF) could stimulate proliferation, migration, and glial differentiation of SVZ progenitors. In the present study we examined EGF influence on endogenous SVZ cell participation to brain repair in the context of demyelinated lesions. We induced a focal demyelinated lesion in the corpus callosum by lysolecithin injection and showed that intranasal heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor (HB‐EGF) administration induces a significant increase in SVZ cell proliferation together with a stronger SVZ cell mobilization toward the lesions. Besides, HB‐EGF causes a shift of SVZ‐derived progenitor cell differentiation toward the astrocytic lineage. However, due to the threefold increase in cell recruitment by EGF treatment, the absolute number of SVZ‐derived oligodendrocytes in the lesion of treated mice is higher than in controls. These results suggest that enhancing SVZ cell proliferation could be part of future strategies to promote SVZ progenitor cell mobilization toward brain lesions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Differential regulation of dendrite complexity by AMPA receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2 in motor neurons
Authors: Prithviraj Ranjini , Kelly Kristen M. , Espinoza‐Lewis Ramon , Hexom Tia , Clark Amy B. , Inglis Fiona M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractActivity‐dependent developmental mechanisms in many regions of the central nervous system are thought to be responsible for shaping dendritic architecture and connectivity, although the molecular mechanisms underlying these events remain obscure. Since AMPA glutamate receptors are developmentally regulated in spinal motor neurons, we have investigated the role of activation of AMPA receptors in dendritic outgrowth of spinal motor neurons by overexpression of two subunits, GluR1 and GluR2, and find that dendrite outgrowth is differentially controlled by expression of these subunits. Overexpression of GluR1 was associated with greater numbers of filopodia, and an increase in the length and complexity of dendritic arbor. In contrast, GluR2 expression did not alter dendritic complexity, but was associated with a moderate increase in length of arbor, and decreased numbers of filopodia. Neither GluR1 nor GluR2 had any effect on the motility of filopodia. In addition, GluR1 but not GluR2 expression increased the density of dendritic puncta incorporating a GFP‐labeled PSD95, suggesting that GluR1 may mediate its effect in part by augmenting the number of excitatory synapses within motor neuron dendrites. Together these results suggest that in spinal motor neurons, AMPA receptors composed of GluR1 subunits may facilitate neurotrophic mechanisms in these neurons, permitting sustained dendrite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, whereas expression of AMPA receptors containing GluR2 acts to preserve existing dendritic arbor. Thus, the observed downregulation of GluR1 in motor neurons during postnatal development may limit the formation of new dendrite segments and synapses, promoting stabilized synaptic connectivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
CO2 Fixation and Activation by CuII Complexes of 5,5″‐Terpyridinophane Macrocycles
Authors: Verdejo Begoña , Blasco Salvador , González Jorge , García‐España Enrique , Gaviña Pablo , Tatay Sergio , Doménech Antonio , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Jiménez Hermas R. , Soriano Conxa 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn aza‐terpyridinophane receptor containing the polyamine 4,7,10,13‐tetraazahexadecane‐1,16‐diamine linked through methylene groups to the 5,5″ positions of a terpyridine unit has been prepared and characterized (L). The acid‐base behaviour, CuII speciation and ability to form ternary complexes (CuII‐L‐carbonate) have been explored by potentiometric titrations in 0.15 M NaClO4 and by UV/Vis and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. Comparisons are made with a previously reported terpyridinophane containing the polyamine 4,7,10‐triazatridecane‐1,13‐diamine (L1). For this latter receptor, reductive coupling between indigo and carbon dioxide at indigo‐modified electrodes produces carboxylated derivatives via a solid‐state reaction under electrochemical activation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Isolation and physiology of a dimethyl phthalate degrading bacterial strain YZ2
Authors: Wu Dong‐lei , Mahmood Qaisar , Zheng Ping , Hassan Muhammad Jaffar 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA bacterial strain YZ2 was isolated from digested sludge of Sibao wastewater treatment plant located in Hangzhou, China and was characterized using morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The microbial colonies on LB medium were yellowish, 3–5 mm in diameter and convex in the center. The individual cells of isolate were short rods, measuring 0.6 × 0.9 – 1.0 × 1.5 μm with small side projections, clubbed ends, and without any filaments. Individual cells were gram‐positive. Based on 16S rDNA (1438 bp) sequence analysis, isolate was identified as Rhodococcus sp. isolate YZ2 capable of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) biodegradation under nitrate‐reducing conditions. Results of batch experiments showed that the degradation of DMP was optimum at pH 7.5 and 31°C. In the range of 70–600 mg l−1, the initial DMP concentrations showed very high correlation with biodegradation rate (0.9773 < r2 < 0.9941), suggesting a first‐order reaction. The half‐life value showed an increase from 0.89 to 2.22 days during biodegradation of various DMP concentrations. HPLC and LC‐MS analysis showed that MMP and PA may be the first and second intermediates, respectively, during DMP biodegradation under anoxic conditions. PA did not accumulate in the culture liquid, while MMP could not be mineralized by Rhodococcus sp. YZ2. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Application of supercritical fluid extraction to regenerate spent Pd‐active carbon catalyst
Authors: Dąbek Lidia , Świątkowski Andrzej , Dziaduszek Jerzy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPd‐active carbon‐type catalysts are used in a wide variety of processes, typical examples of which are liquid‐phase hydrogenation reactions. In the case of these catalysts, a loss of their catalytic activity is observed. The aim of the present work was to assess the possibility of regenerating spent Pd/AC catalysts using supercritical fluid extraction. The following Pd/AC catalyst samples were investigated and compared: a commercial 10 wt % Pd catalyst (Aldrich) (denoted by CC), a spent catalyst (SC), SC subjected to supercritical fluid–CO2 extraction (SC/SFE/C), SC subjected to supercritical fluid–CO2–ethanol extraction (SC/SFE/C‐Et), and SC subjected to supercritical fluid–ethane–propane extraction (SC/SFE/E‐P). The last three catalysts were additionally subjected to heating in a hydrogen atmosphere at 410 K for 3 h. These were denoted by SC/SFE/C/H, SC/SFE/C‐Et/H, and SC/SFE/E‐P/H, respectively. The spent Pd/AC catalyst (SC) consists of mixed CC samples used in the reduction with hydrogen of various organic compounds. The catalysts CC, SC/SFE/C, SC/SFE/C/H, SC/SFE/C‐Et/H, and SC/SFE/E‐P/H were tested in the reduction of octanoylbenzene with hydrogen. The activity of the catalysts was estimated by measuring the reaction time and also the amount of hydrogen used in relation to the theoretical quantity required for the reaction. XPS and XRD methods were used to evaluate the changes occurring in the form of the palladium present on the Pd/AC catalyst surface during the regeneration processes. It was found that supercritical fluid‐CO2 extraction followed by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere is the most effective method for regenerating that catalyst. The results of our investigations indicate that regeneration of a spent Pd/AC catalyst, irrespective of the reaction in which it has been used, should be based on the complete removal of byproducts, the purification of the catalyst surface, and the restoration of the original form of the palladium. The procedure proposed in this paper, i.e. SFE (CO2) and heating in H2, fulfils both the conditions mentioned above. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
A new programming environment for software defined radio applications
Authors: Hossain Riyadh , Wesseling Matthias , Leopold Claudia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe mobile communication market is confronted with an increasing number of communication standards and a corresponding complexity of the mobile terminal applications. To cope with this complexity, the Software Defined Radio (SDR) approach gains more and more attractiveness. Hardware platforms for SDR must meet the conflicting goals of flexibility, that is support for different protocols, and low power consumption. Therefore, upcoming platforms deploy parallelism, which complicates software development and requires specific knowledge about the hardware architecture. To simplify the development process, we suggest to separate the application development process into two steps, such that developers only need experience in either the software or the hardware area. In the first step, the application is specified in a hardware‐independent way, and in the second step, the hardware‐specific implementation is done by application‐independent tools. We developed a new programming environment called Virtual Radio Engine (VRE) that supports this approach. This paper describes the VRE tool chain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steady and unsteady laminar flows of Newtonian and generalized Newtonian fluids in a planar T‐junction
Authors: Miranda A. I. P. , Oliveira P. J. , Pinho F. T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn investigation of laminar steady and unsteady flows in a two‐dimensional T‐junction was carried out for Newtonian and a non‐Newtonian fluid analogue to blood. The flow conditions considered are of relevance to hemodynamical applications and the localization of coronary diseases, and the main objective was to quantify the accuracy of the predictions and to provide benchmark data that are missing for this prototypical geometry. Under steady flow, calculations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and extraction flow rate ratios, and accurate data for the recirculation sizes were obtained and are tabulated. The two recirculation zones increased with Reynolds number, but the behaviour was non‐monotonic with the flow rate ratio. For the pulsating flows a periodic instability was found, which manifests itself by the breakdown of the main vortex into two pieces and the subsequent advection of one of them, while the secondary vortex in the main duct was absent for a sixth of the oscillating period. Shear stress maxima were found on the walls opposite the recirculations, where the main fluid streams impinge onto the walls. For the blood analogue fluid, the recirculations were found to be 10% longer but also short lived than the corresponding Newtonian eddies, and the wall shear stresses are also significantly different especially in the branch duct. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous and discrete adjoint approaches for aerodynamic shape optimization with low Mach number preconditioning
Authors: Asouti V. G. , Zymaris A. S. , Papadimitriou D. I. , Giannakoglou K. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDiscrete and continuous adjoint approaches for use in aerodynamic shape optimization problems at all flow speeds are developed and assessed. They are based on the Navier–Stokes equations with low Mach number preconditioning. By alleviating the large disparity between acoustic waves and fluid speeds, the preconditioned flow and adjoint equations are numerically solved with affordable CPU cost, even at the so‐called incompressible flow conditions. Either by employing the adjoint to the preconditioned flow equations or by preconditioning the adjoint to the ‘standard’ flow equations (under certain conditions the two formulations become equivalent, as proved in this paper), efficient optimization methods with reasonable cost per optimization cycle, even at very low Mach numbers, are derived. During the mathematical development, a couple of assumptions are made which are proved to be harmless to the accuracy in the computed gradients and the effectiveness of the optimization method. The proposed approaches are validated in inviscid and viscous flows in external aerodynamics and turbomachinery flows at various Mach numbers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MGMT in primary and recurrent human glioblastomas after radiation and chemotherapy and comparison with p53 status and clinical outcome
Authors: Wiewrodt Dorothee , Nagel Georg , Dreimüller Nadine , Hundsberger Thomas , Perneczky Axel , Kaina Bernd 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe DNA repair protein O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) plays a pivotal role in alkylating drug resistance. Here, we determined MGMT activity in primary and recurrent glioblastomas (GBM, WHO grade IV) of patients who received radiation therapy (RT) or RT plus chemotherapy with alkylating agents (temozolomide, chloroethylnitrosoureas). The mean MGMT activity of untreated GBM was 37 ± 45 (range 0–205) fmol/mg proteins. In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd recurrences, MGMT activity increased from 66 ± 50 (13–194) to 68 ± 44 (14–143) and 182 ± 163 (64–423) fmol/mg protein, respectively. Comparing patients who received RT only with RT plus chemotherapy, a significant increase of MGMT in 1st recurrences was only found after treatment with RT plus chemotherapy, indicating either selection of MGMT expressing cells or induction of the MGMT gene by alkylating agents. The p53 status was not significantly related to the MGMT expression level, although a trend for lower MGMT activity in p53 positively stained tumors was observed. Patients expressing MGMT activity of ≤30 fmol/mg protein in the pretreatment tumor had a significant better therapeutic response than patients expressing MGMT above this level, which was shown by Kaplan‐Meyer curves and the recurrence free interval after primary tumor resection. In patients who received RT only, this correlation was not found. The data revealed a threshold of MGMT expression (30 fmol/mg protein) below which patients respond better to alkylating agents. Therefore, determination of MGMT activity in the primary tumor appears to be useful in predicting the outcome of GBM therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of γ‐Irradiation on the Structure and Properties of Poly(propylene)/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Touati Naima , Kaci Mustapha , Ahouari Hania , Bruzaud Stéphane , Grohens Yves 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe oxidative degradation of PP/OMMT nanocomposites under γ‐irradiation was studied. Changes in structure and properties resulting from γ‐exposure in the range 0–100 kGy were investigated. The results were analyzed by comparing the influence of PP‐g‐MA and pristine OMMT on the oxidation kinetics of neat PP. γ‐Irradiation in the presence of air strongly degraded the properties of PP materials, particularly for radiation doses above 20 kGy. The rate of oxidative degradation of PP/OMMT/PP‐g‐MA nanocomposites was much faster than that of neat PP. This suggests that PP‐g‐MA and pristine OMMT components behave as oxidation catalysts, leading to the formation of free radicals in the polymer matrix.magnified image
New Photocleavable Structures, 4
Authors: Ganster Beate , Fischer Urs Karl , Moszner Norbert , Liska Robert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs highly reactive acylphosphine oxide‐based photoinitiators (PIs) are limited in the application for dental materials by their absorption behavior, we were interested to prepare acylgermane 1. UV‐Vis absorption maximum of the important n–π* transition was red shifted about 30 nm compared to monoacylphosphine oxides. Photo‐DSC results with a dental LED lamp showed nearly the same reactivity for 1 compared to camphorquinone (CQ), while monoacylphosphine oxides are not reactive. In broadband irradiation experiments, significantly higher reactivity compared to CQ was found. Application‐oriented tests showed sufficient storage stability of the formulation and excellent photobleaching behavior.magnified image
The emerging neuropathology of essential tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Vonsattel Jean Paul G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders. At the same time, it is among the most poorly‐understood of these disorders. The underlying anatomical pathology of ET has been elusive until recently. Postmortem studies have begun to display some of the underlying brain changes in patients with this disease. These types of investigations are likely to lead the way to additional insights into the pathophysiology of ET and guide the development of therapies for this common movement disorder. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Interpretation of torsional shear results for nonlinear stress–strain relationship
Authors: Yang Z. X. , Li X. S. , Yang J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTorsional tests are frequently used in material testing to determine shear stress–strain relationships. In the tests, torque is applied to a solid or hollow cylindrical specimen, whose twist angle is recorded as the response. While the raw test results are readily available in terms of torque–twist sets, converting them into intrinsic stress–strain relationships is not always straightforward, owing to the nonlinear stress–strain behavior and the non‐uniform radial distribution of the stress and strain fields. It follows that the approaches currently used to interpret torsional data are essentially empirical based.The present paper addresses this data interpretation issue from a more rigorous perspective. The paper includes two parts: the first part concerns hollow cylindrical specimens under torsion, where an analytical‐based recursive procedure is developed; and the second part deals with solid torsional specimens, for which an analytical solution given by Nadai is directly employed. Examples pertaining to these two cases are examined and the resulting shear stress–strain curves are compared with those based on a number of popular empirical methods. The proposed analytical approaches can serve as a benchmark for checking the accuracy and validity of those empirical propositions. It is worth noting that, for brittle materials exhibiting softening behavior, only the analytical method gives the correct interpretation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variationalr‐adaption in elastodynamics
Authors: Zielonka M. G. , Ortiz M. , Marsden J. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe develop a variationalr‐adaptive finite element framework for solid dynamic applications and explore its conceptual links with the theory of dynamic configurational forces. The central idea underlying the proposed approach is to allow Hamilton's principle of stationary action to determine jointly the evolution of the displacement field and the discretization of the reference configuration of the body. This is accomplished by rendering the action stationary with respect to the material and spatial nodal coordinates simultaneously. However, we find that a naive consistent Galerkin discretization of the action leads to intrinsically unstable solutions. Remarkably, we also find that this unstable behavior is eliminated when a mixed, multifield version of Hamilton's principle is adopted. Additional features of the proposed numerical implementation include the use of uncoupled space and time discretizations; the use of independent space interpolations for velocities and deformations; the application of these interpolations over a continuously varying adaptive mesh; and the application of mixed variational integrators with independent time interpolations for velocities and nodal parameters. The accuracy, robustness and versatility of the approach are assessed and demonstrated by way of convergence tests and selected examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD‐34 selected hematopoetic stem cell transplantation from HLA identical family members for fanconi anemia
Authors: Balci Yasemin Isik , Akdemir Yasemin , Gumruk Fatma , Cetin Mualla , Arpaci Fikret , Uckan Duygu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHematopoetic stem cell transplantation, even from an HLA 6/6 identical family member is associated with an increased frequency of complication in fanconi anemia (FA). The increased susceptibility for chromosomal breaks has been suggested as a contributory factor for increased risk of toxicity, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and increased incidence of post‐transplant solid tumors. Therefore, non‐irradiation based preparative regimens usually containing fludarabine and T‐cell depletion of HLA geno‐identical bone marrow cells have increasingly been used in patients with FA. Here, we report three children with FA who underwent CD‐34 selected HSCT from HLA‐identical family donors with reduced intensity fludarabine‐based regimen. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1065–1067. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence analysis of the SRGN, AP3B1, ARF6, and SH2D1A genes in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ma Daoxin , Rudd Eva , Edner Josefine , Gavhed Sofie , Ramme Kim Göransdotter , Fadeel Bengt , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Henter Jan‐Inge , Zheng Chengyun 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the present study, DNA sequencing of the genes SRGN, ARF6, AP3B1, and SH2D1A was performed in a well defined cohort of 18 families with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). A heterozygous nucleotide change (C > T) in the 3′untranslated region of the SRGN gene and a monoallelic 3‐base pair deletion (c.2409_2411delGAA) in exon 21 of the AP3B1 gene were observed in two different families. Additionally, two novel polymorphisms, one in intron 17 of AP3B1 and another in intron 2 of SH2D1A were identified. We conclude that mutations in SRGN, ARF6, and AP3B1 are not likely to be common in patients fulfilling the FHL criteria. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1067–1069. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Awareness and use of complementary therapies for AD
Authors: Larner Andrew J 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough complementary and alternative therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are widely available, few studies have been published about patients' knowledge and use of these treatments. Dr Larner reports on a study carried out at his cognitive function clinic to investigate the awareness and use of complementary and alternative therapies for AD by patients and their caregivers. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd