bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the spinal cords of the sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii, gar Lepisosteus oculatus, and goldfish Carassius auratus by morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical approaches
Authors: Wai Maria Sen Mun , Lorke Dietrich Ernst , Zhang Aiqun , Kung Hsiang‐Fu , Yew David T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the spinal cords of phylogenetically ancient actinopterygeans. The spinal cords of the chondrostean Acipenser schrenckii (Amur sturgeon), holostean Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar), and teleost Carassius auratus (goldfish) were, therefore, analyzed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Morphology showed numerous similarities between sturgeons and gars. In both, a dorsal column between the two dorsal horns was lacking, giving the grey matter an inverted Y‐shape. In goldfish, a small dorsal column was seen, the grey matter occupied a larger area, neuronal density was much higher, and a ventral commissure was apparent, which was absent in sturgeons and gars. In the white matter of sturgeons and gars, small caliber axons predominated, whereas larger axons were frequent in goldfish. Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons were prevalent in the ventral horns of all three fish, mainly in motoneurons, but stained fibers were only found in sturgeons and gars. γ‐aminobutyric acid positive cells were seen in both the ventral and the dorsal horns of all three fish. Distribution of serotonin (5‐HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreaction was similar in sturgeons and gars, being located in both the ventral and the dorsal horns. In goldfish, 5‐HT label was confined to the ventral horn and TH label was mainly observed in a cell group located ventromedially. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis showed a gradual increase in protein number from sturgeons to gars to goldfish. In conclusion, the spinal cords of sturgeons and gars share many morphological and chemical features, distinguishing them from the goldfish spinal cord. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel method for three‐dimensional observation of the vascular networks in the whole mouse brain
Authors: Hashimoto Hisashi , Kusakabe Moriaki , Ishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel method for acquiring serial images suitable for three‐dimensional reconstruction of vascular networks in the whole brain of mouse was developed. The brain infused with a White India ink‐gelatin solution was fixed and embedded in paraffin containing Sudan Black B through xylene also containing Sudan Black B. Each sliced surface of the paraffin block was coated with liquid paraffin and its image was serially acquired. Coating with liquid paraffin extremely improved the quality of the image. The series of serial images was free of distortion and a three‐dimensional image was reconstructed without the problem of the alignment and registration of adjacent images. The volume‐rendered image indicated three‐dimensional distribution of blood vessels in a whole brain. No ghost or shadow was observed on a volume‐rendered image of the White India ink‐gelatin infused brain. The z‐axial resolution examined on the orthogonal sections reconstituted from serial images obtained at an interval of 5 μm showed no cross talk, indicating that the z‐axial resolution was no larger than 5 μm. A proper understanding of the vascular system in a whole brain is indispensable to reveal the development of the vascular system in the brain of normal and genetically manipulated mouse and vascular alterations in pathological situation, such as stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Although simple and inexpensive, this method will provide fundamental information on the vascular system in a whole brain. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coefficients of friction, lubricin, and cartilage damage in the anterior cruciate ligament‐deficient guinea pig knee
Authors: Teeple Erin , Elsaid Khaled A. , Fleming Braden C. , Jay Gregory D. , Aslani Koosha , Crisco Joseph J. , Mechrefe Anthony P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe coefficient of friction (COF) of articular cartilage is thought to increase with osteoarthritis (OA) progression, and this increase may occur due to a decrease in lubricin concentration. The objectives of this study were to measure the COF of guinea pig tibiofemoral joints with different stages of OA and to establish relationships between COF, lubricin concentrations in synovial fluid, and degradation status using the Hartley guinea pig model. Both hind limbs from 24 animals were harvested: seven 3‐month‐old (no OA), seven 12‐month‐old (mild OA), and 10 that were euthanized at 12 months of age after undergoing unilateral ACL transection at 3 months of age (moderate OA). Contralateral knees served as age‐matched controls. COFs of the tibiofemoral joints were measured using a pendulum apparatus. Synovial fluid lavages were analyzed to determine the concentration and integrity of lubricin using ELISA and Western blot, and the overall articular cartilage status was evaluated by histology. The results showed that the mean COF in the ACL‐deficient knees was significantly greater than that of the no OA (p < 0.01) and mild OA knees (p < 0.01). Lubricin concentrations in the ACL‐deficient knees were significantly lower than that in both of the other groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences in COF or lubricin concentration were found between the no OA and mild OA knees. Histology verified the extent of cartilage damage in each group. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:231–237, 2008
Introduction of a new interlocked intramedullary nailing device for stabilization of critically sized femoral defects in the rat: A combined biomechanical and animal experimental study
Authors: Schoen Matthias , Rotter Robert , Schattner Simone , Mittlmeier Thomas , Claes Lutz , Vollmar Brigitte , Gradl Georg 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe goals of this study were to develop a new intramedullary, rotation‐stable locking device and evaluate it biomechanically and in vivo for maintenance of a critical size osteotomy gap in a model of conscious pseudarthrosis. In standardized osteotomized rat femora (5 mm osteotomy gap) two different rotation‐ and axial‐stable locking devices (group pS + cS) were tested in vitro with respect to biomechanics and compared to a control group without an additional locking device (K; n = 6 for each group). For in vivo studies, 27 male Sprague Dawley rats (250–300 g) underwent a femoral defect osteotomy of critical size and were stabilized by one of the three methods (n = 9 for each group). All groups were examined radiologically postoperatively, after 14 days, and after 12 weeks. In vitro testing revealed higher compression and torsional rigidities for the two locking devices (p < 0.05) compared to the control group (compression rigidity: pS = 103.6 ± 13.2; cS = 91.3 ± 10.9; K = 52.8 ± 8.4 N/mm; torsional rigidity: pS = 5.9 ± 0.9; cS = 4.3 ± 1.4; K = 0.4 ± 0.1 Nmm/°). In vivo, group K and pS exhibited up to two thirds wire dislocation and reduction of the osteotomy gap, while dislocation was less frequent in the cS group. Thus, the locking device with compression of the wire showed advantages in rotational and axial stability for a critically sized defect, though the osteotomy gap could not be maintained in all cases over the 12‐week period. Nevertheless, our data corroborate the necessity of an internal fixation device with sufficient axial and rotational stability. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:184–189, 2008
The importance of nutrient balance, cropping strategy and quality of dairy cow diets in sustainable organic systems
Authors: Weller Richard F , Bowling Peter J 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews some of the key factors that influence the sustainability and performance of organic dairy farms. These include the efficient utilisation of on‐farm nutrients to maintain soil fertility and optimal crop production, minimising the importation of nutrients via purchased feeds and organic fertilisers, and the production of high‐quality milk products. The system requires the growing of a range of crops to produce diets with a minimum content of 60% forage and an adequate feed energy concentration, with the growing of high‐energy forages being limited on some farms by local climatic conditions. The compatibility between the genetic merit of the cow and the type of organic system depends on the quality of the forages produced on the farm and the level of concentrates fed annually. A failure to feed diets with sufficient energy, particularly during the early lactation period, leads to lower production, an increased risk of metabolic disorders and reduced reproductive efficiency. While purchasing concentrate feeds increases the stocking density, milk output and income per unit area of land, and also increases the flexibility to meet the annual feed requirements, the sustainability of the system is markedly reduced. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Adhesion molecules as prognostic markers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Torer Nurkan , Kayaselcuk Fazilet , Nursal Tarik Zafer , Yildirim Sedat , Tarim Akin , Noyan Turgut , KarakayalI Hamdi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive cancer with high metastatic potential and therefore, a high mortality rate. Ezrin, radixin, moesin, and E‐cadherin are transmembrane glycoproteins that regulate cell motility, migration, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the relationship of ezrin, moesin, and E‐cadherin expression with the clinicopathological features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.MethodsData including demographic features, size and grade of tumor, presence of perineural and lymphovascular invasion, and survival were obtained retrospectively from 46 patient records.ResultsNo significant correlation was found among ezrin, moesin, and E‐cadherin. Significant correlations were found between ezrin and the tomographic size of the tumor (P = 0.034) and resectability (P = 0.052). Moesin‐stained tumors were found to have high lymphovascular (P = 0.030) and perineural (P = 0.036) invasion rates and a high histopathologic grade (P = 0.053). E‐cadherin staining was correlated with perineural invasion (P = 0.003) but not with lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.334). Only moesin was correlated with survival in resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas and moesin‐negative patients had longer survivals compared with moesin‐positive patients (P = 0.021).ConclusionsWe could not demonstrate a relation between ezrin and E‐cadherin staining with survival. However, we found ezrin to be related to local tumor behavior, and moesin to be a potential prognostic molecule. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:419–423. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended Appleby's operation for pancreatic cancer involving celiac axis
Authors: Wu Yu Lian , Yan Hai Chao , Chen Li Rong , Gao Shun Liang , Chen Jian , Dong Xin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundIn Appleby's operation, the adequate flow of proper hepatic artery (PHA) from pancreaticoduodenal arcades was considered to be important in the previous reported pancreatic cancer cases. Insufficient blood flow of PHA was considered as the contraindication for Appleby's operation.MethodsWe herein reported a 20 cm in diameter pancreatic sarcomatoid carcinoma involving celiac axis (CA), which was treated by extended Appleby's operation without proper hepatic arterial flow. The extended Appleby's operation for pancreatic cancer involving CA and/or common hepatic artery (CHA) was firstly applied to the current case according to the 43 previous reported cases in English literature from a Medline search. In the extended Appleby's operation, the resection scope included total pancreas, total stomach, spleen, and CA; the anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arcades were removed in whipple's procedure, which was previously thought to be the contraindication for Applyby's operation.ResultsProper hepatic arterial flow from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was totally lost; No liver failure happened postoperatively.ConclusionsThe extended Appleby's procedure without blood flow of PHA might be feasible and offered a new approach to resection of pancreatic cancer involving CA and/or CHA; the involvement of pancreatic head might not be the contraindication for Appleby's operation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:442–446. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hold‐up volume and its application in estimating effective phase ratio and thermodynamic parameters on a polysaccharide‐coated chiral stationary phase
Authors: Lao Wenjian , Gan Jay 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAs an “unretained” marker, 1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butylbenzene (TTBB) has been commonly used to measure the hold‐up volume. Despite many racemates have been resolved on Chiralcel OJ column, the hold‐up volume of the column is still not well characterized. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chromatographic behavior of TTBB on the OJ column, and its application in estimating the effective phase ratio and thermodynamic parameters. The hold‐up volume was affected not only by the mobile phase composition but also the solvents used for dissolving TTBB. A higher concentration of TTBB (0.500 mg/mL) showed a better reproducibility than when used at a lower concentration. After correction for thermal expansion of the mobile phase, TTBB was found to have slight retention on the OJ phase. The effective phase ratio increased with an increase in the temperature and decrease in the strength of the mobile phase. The enthalpy and entropy of enantiomers of imidazolinone herbicides were independent of the temperature in a linear van't Hoff plot when the effective phase ratio was changed. This study shows that, based on the hold‐up volume from TTBB, thermodynamic evaluation with parameters derived from the distribution constant is valuable for understanding chromatographic retention and enantioseparation mechanisms of chiral analytes.
Targeted determination of the early stage SCLC specific biomarker pro‐gastrin‐releasing peptide (ProGRP) at clinical concentration levels in human serum using LC‐MS
Authors: Winther Bjørn , Moi Petter , Paus Elisabeth , Reubsaet J. Léon E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPro‐gastrin‐releasing peptide (ProGRP) is used as a specific diagnostic marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a rapidly growing neoplasm with high mortality. Our object was to develop an LC‐MS method for the detection and quantification of ProGRP in human serum using the specific tryptic digestion product NLLGLIEAK (m/z 485.8 for [M + 2H]2+). For this purpose the sample pretreatment, clean‐up, enrichment, and LC‐MS conditions were evaluated. Sample pretreatment was carried out using ACN precipitation to decrease the sample complexity. Although ProGRP (31–98) standards were soluble in 99% ACN, it showed that optimal signal intensities were obtained by adding ACN to the serum in a 1:1 ratio v/v. A simplified tryptic digest protocol was carried out using 100 mM triethanolamine buffer to ensure pH stability during the whole procedure. The simplified protocol also includes omission of reducing and alkylating reagents. Necessary additional sample clean‐up was achieved by trapping NLLGLIEAK on a RAM column (ADS‐C8) which was back‐flushed onto the analytical BioBasic C8 column. Volume of injection, sample enrichment, and column capacity are among the factors optimized to reach a mass LOD of 150 pg on column (OC) ProGRP (31–98). Detection of ProGRP in the serum sample of a patient suffering from SCLC with a clinically relevant concentration shows the potential of the method in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the disease.
Effect of metal‐free phosphorus anti‐wear compounds on passenger car emissions and fuel economy
Authors: Devlin Mark T. , Guevremont Jeffrey , Sheets Roger , Loper John , Guinther Greg , Thompson Karen , Jao Tze‐Chi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere has been concern for many years that phosphorus (P) from engine oils is volatilised, passes through the combustion chamber and is deposited on the catalyst system in passenger cars, causing the emission control system to lose efficiency. Therefore, as new engine oil specifications have been introduced, there has been a trend to require a reduction in P in fresh engine oils. The primary P source in current engine oils is zinc dithiophosphate (ZDP), which acts as an anti‐wear agent and antioxidant. Therefore, a reduction in P in the oil could compromise the anti‐wear and antioxidant performance of engine oils. Another detrimental effect of ZDP is that it is known to increase friction in the mixed lubrication regime, which in turn would decrease the ability of engine oils to improve fuel economy. Metal‐free P‐containing anti‐wear additives (MFPAWs) have been used for many years in other automotive and industrial lubricants. We examined the effect of an MFPAW in catalyst efficiency and fuel economy engine tests. Catalyst protection and the fuel economy benefits of engine oils were improved when the MFPAW was used in place of ZDP. Therefore, the total P content of an engine oil does not need to be reduced if the proper anti‐wear additive is selected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microscopic characterization of collagen modifications induced by low‐temperature diode‐laser welding of corneal tissue
Authors: Matteini Paolo , Rossi Francesca , Menabuoni Luca , Pini Roberto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser welding of corneal tissue that employs diode lasers (810 nm) at low power densities (12–20 W/cm2) in association with Indocyanine Green staining of the wound is a technique proposed as an alternative to conventional suturing procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate, by means of light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, the structural modifications induced in laser‐welded corneal stroma.Materials and MethodsExperiments were carried out in 20 freshly enucleated pig eyes. A 3.5 mm in length full‐thickness cut was produced in the cornea, and was then closed by laser welding. Birefringence modifications in samples stained with picrosirius red dye were analyzed by polarized LM to assess heat damage. TEM analysis was performed on ultra‐thin slices, contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, in order to assess organization and size of type I collagen fibrils after laser welding.ResultsLM evidenced bridges of collagen bundles between the wound edges, with a loss of regular lamellar organization at the welded site. Polarized LM indicated that birefringence properties were mostly preserved after laser treatment. TEM examinations revealed the presence of quasi‐ordered groups of fibrils across the wound edges preserving their interfibrillar spacing. These fibrils appeared morphologically comparable to those in the control tissue, indicating that type I collagen was not denatured during the diode laser corneal welding.ConclusionsThe preservation of substantially intact, undenatured collagen fibrils in laser‐welded corneal wounds supported the thermodynamic studies that we carried out recently, which indicated temperatures below 66°C at the weld site under laser irradiation. This observation enabled us to hypothesize that the mechanism, proposed in the literature, of unwinding of collagen triple helixes followed by fibrils “interdigitation” is not likely to occur in the welding process that we set up for the corneal suturing. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:597–604, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light‐emitting‐diode irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors
Authors: Lim Wonbong , Lee SungGa , Kim Inae , Chung Mina , Kim Misook , Lim Hoisoon , Park Jinsoo , Kim Okjoon , Choi Hongran 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects cells against cell injury in specific pathophysiological situations: inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the anti‐inflammatory effects have been reported in clinical fields for specific wavelength irradiation during wound healing, the physiological mechanism has not been clarified yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light‐emitting‐diode (LED) irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe present study investigated anti‐inflammatory effects of 635 nm irradiation on PGE2 release, COX and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dissociation in arachidonic acid (AA)‐treated human gingival fibroblast (hGF). These results were compared with their existing COX inhibitors: indomethacin and ibuprofen. The PGE2 release was measured by enzyme immunoassay, the COX expression was measured by western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and ROS level was measured by flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscope and RT‐PCR.ResultsResults showed that 635 nm irradiation and existing COX inhibitors inhibit expression of COX and PGE2 release. Unlike indomethacin and ibuprofen, 635 nm irradiation leads to a decrease of ROS levels and mRNA expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and secretary phospholipase A2 (sPLA2).ConclusionTaken together, 635 nm irradiation, unlike indomethacin and ibuprofen, can directly dissociate the ROS. This inhibits cPLA2, sPLA2, and COX expression, and results in the inhibition of PGE2 release. Thus, we suggest that 635 nm irradiation inhibits PGE2 synthesis like COX inhibitor and appears to be useful as an anti‐inflammatory tool. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:614–621, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial photodynamic therapy for a symptom‐targeted treatment of complex vascular malformations in the head and neck region
Authors: Betz Christian S. , Jäger H. Rolf , Brookes Jocelyn A.S. , Richards Robin , Leunig Andreas , Hopper Colin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy is based on an interaction of a drug and light in oxygenated tissue. The photosensitizing drug Foscan® is licensed in the EU for the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. The light can be applied by surface illumination or directly into tumour tissue by optical fibres. One interesting feature of PDT is that it does not cause major damage to nerves and major blood vessels. This raises the possibility of using this therapy in the treatment of benign neoplasms in the head and neck.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 11 patients with lymphatic [8] or venous malformation [3] were treated on 25 occasions. The treatments were carried out using Temoporphin (Foscan®) 0.15 mg/kg; the drug‐light‐interval was 4 days. Illumination was performed at 652 nm delivered interstitially through bare tip fibres at a total light dose of 20 J per fibre. Multiple fibres were positioned either image guided [13] or clinically [12] to ensure accurate targeting of tissue while avoiding damage of the surrounding and overlying tissue.ResultsIn all cases there was a significant reduction in the volume of abnormal tissue without damage to the overlying skin; the results were objectified using MRI‐imaging, CT‐volumetry and surface optical scanning. The best results were obtained with lymphatic malformations, especially for those that had not undergone previous surgery. Post‐treatment pain and swelling were successfully controlled with steroids and a variety of analgesics (opioids and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatories). No vascular or neurological signs were encountered.ConclusionThis minimally invasive approach to treat complex benign neoplasias seems promising. The treatment is safe, effective and repeatable and merits further evaluation. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:571–582, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.