bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recursive Structures and Ershov's Hierarchy
Authors: Ash Christopher J. , Knight Julia F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAsh and Nerode [2] gave natural definability conditions under which a relation is intrinsically r. e. Here we generalize this to arbitrary levels in Ershov's hierarchy of Δ sets, giving conditions under which a relation is intrinsically α‐r. e.Mathematics Subject Classification: 03C57, 03D55.
Yosida Type Representation for Perfect MV‐Algebras
Authors: Belluce Lawrence P. , Nola Antonio Di 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn [9] Mundici introduced a categorical equivalence Γ between the category of MV‐algebras and the category of abelian 𝓁‐groups with strong unit. Using Mundici's functor Γ, in [8] the authors established an equivalence between the category of perfect MV‐algebras and the category of abelian 𝓁‐groups. Aim of the present paper is to use the above functors to provide Yosida like representations (see [4]) of a large class of MV‐algebras.Mathematics Subject Classification: 03G20, 03B50, 06D30, 06F20.
Effective Nonrecursiveness
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProductive sets are sets which are “effectively non recursively enumerable”. In the same spirit, we introduce a notion of “effectively nonrecursive sets” and prove an effective version of Post's theorem. We also show that a set is recursively enumerable and effectively nonrecursive in our sense if and only if it is effectively nonrecursive in the sense of Odifreddi [1].
Minimal Axiomatization in Modal Logic
Authors: Bellissima Fabio , Cittadini Saverio 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider the problem of finding, in the ambit of modal logic, a minimal characterization for finite Kripke frames, i.e., a formula which, given a frame, axiomatizes its theory employing the lowest possible number of variables and implies the other axiomatizations. We show that every finite transitive frame admits a minimal characterization over K4, and that this result can not be extended to K.
On Series of Ordinals and Combinatorics
Authors: Jones James P. , Levitz Hilbert , Nichols Warren D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper deals mainly with generalizations of results in finitary combinatorics to infinite ordinals. It is well‐known that for finite ordinals ∑bT<αβ is the number of 2‐element subsets of an α‐element set. It is shown here that for any well‐ordered set of arbitrary infinite order type α, ∑bT<αβ is the ordinal of the set M of 2‐element subsets, where M is ordered in some natural way. The result is then extended to evaluating the ordinal of the set of all n‐element subsets for each natural number n ≥ 2. Moreover, series ∑β<αf(β) are investigated and evaluated, where α is a limit ordinal and the function f belongs to a certain class of functions containing polynomials with natural number coefficients. The tools developed for this result can be extended to cover all infinite α, but the case of finite α appears to be quite problematic.
Computation Models for Parameterized Complexity
Authors: Cesati Marco , Dilanni Miriam 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA parameterized computational problem is a set of pairs (x,k), wherekis a distinguished item called “parameter”. FPT is the class of fixed‐parameter tractable problems: for any fixed value ofk, they are solvable in time bounded by a polynomial of degree α, where α is a constant not dependent on the parameter. In order to deal with parameterized intractability, Downey and Fellows have introduced a hierarchy of classes W[l] ⊆ W[2] ⊆ ⃛ containing likely intractable parameterized problems, and they have shown that such classes have many natural, complete languages. In this paper we analyze several variations of the halting problem for nondeterministic Turing machines with parameterized time, and we show that its parameterized complexity strongly depends on some resources like the number of tapes, head and internal states, and on the size of the alphabet. Notice that classical polynomial‐time complexity fails in distinguishing such features. As byproducts, we show that parameterized complexity is a useful tool for the study of the intrinsic power of some computational models, and we underline the different “computational powers” of some levels of the parameterized hierarchy.
Some Hierarchies of Primitive Recursive Functions on Term Algebras
Authors: Sprenger Klaus‐Hilmar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe compare two different Grzegorczyk hierarchies {Hnσ}n≥0 and {Lnσ}n≥1 on term algebras, which grow according to the height and length of terms, respectively. The solution of almost all inclusion problems among the Grzegorczyk classes and the (simultaneous) recursion number classes Rnσ and Snσ on term algebras shows {Hnσ}n≥0 to generalize Weihrauch's Grzegorczyk hierarchy on words {Enk}n≥0 to arbitrary term algebras. However, by regarding terms as words, {Lnσ}n≥1 turns out to be computationally equivalent to Weihrauch's hierarchy {Enσ}n≥0 on the whole. Especially, L2σ} is equivalent to polynomial time computability and contains several natural term algebra functions. This establishes a notion of feasible term algebra functions and predicates.
Incompleteness Results in Kripke Bundle Semantics
Authors: Nagaoka Kazuaki , Isoda Eiko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractKripke bundle and C‐set semantics are known as semantics which generalize standard Kripke semantics. In [4] and in [1, 2] it is shown that Kripke bundle and C‐set semantics are stronger than standard Kripke semantics. Also it is true that C‐set semantics for superintuitionistic logics is stronger than Kripke bundle semantics ([6]). Modal predicate logic Q‐S4.1 is not Kripke bundle complete ([3] ‐ it is also yielded as a corollary to Theorem 6.1(a) of the present paper). This is shown by using difference of Kripke bundle semantics and C‐set semantics. In this paper, by using the same idea we show that incompleteness results in Kripke bundle semantics which are extended versions of [2].
The Wave Equation with Computable Initial Data Whose Unique Solution Is Nowhere Computable
Authors: Pour‐El Marian B. , Zhong Ning 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe give a rough statement of the main result. Let D be a compact subset of ℝ3× ℝ. The propagation u(x, y, z, t) of a wave can be noncomputable in any neighborhood of any point of D even though the initial conditions which determine the wave propagation uniquely are computable. A precise statement of the result appears below.
On Partial Classes Containig All Monotone and Zero‐Preserving Total Boolean Functions
Authors: Strauch Birger 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe describe sets of partial Boolean functions being closed under the operations of superposition. For any class A of total functions we define the set 𝔐(A) consisting of all partial classes which contain precisely the functions of A as total functions. The cardinalities of such sets 𝔐(A) can be finite or infinite. We state some general results on 𝔐(A). In particular, we describe all 30 closed sets of partial Boolean functions which contain all monotone and zero‐preserving total Boolean functions.
Derivatives of Computable Functions
Authors: Zhong Ning 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAs is well known the derivative of a computable and C1 function may not be computable. For a computable and C∞ function f, the sequence {f(n)} of its derivatives may fail to be computable as a sequence, even though its derivative of any order is computable. In this paper we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the sequence {f(n)} of derivatives of a computable and C∞ function f to be computable. We also give a sharp regularity condition on an initial computable function f which insures the computability of its derivative f′.
Rheological Investigations in Understanding Shear‐Enhanced Crystallization of Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Wang Ke , Tang Changyu , Zhao Ping , Yang Hong , Zhang Qin , Du Rongni , Fu Qiang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA novel experimental technique to follow the crystallization processes of poly(propylene)/MWCNT composites that experience a steady shear deformation using dynamic melt rheometry is described. The effects of heterogeneous nucleation, temperature, and preshear on the crystallization behaviors were determined. A quantitative evaluation of crystallization kinetics difference between quiescent and preshear conditions could be achieved. By combining rheology with POM, we demonstrate that two different crystallization processes account for the shear‐enhanced crystallization at low and high temperatures, respectively.magnified image
Cooperation of Ha‐ras and Bcl‐2 during multistep skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Chari Nikhil S. , Kim Hyung Woo , Wang Xuemei , Roop Dennis R. , Cho Song H. , DiGiovanni John , McDonnell Timothy J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States. Deregulation of bcl‐2 and ras family members is commonly observed in NMSC. It has been previously demonstrated that simultaneous bcl‐2 and Ha‐ras gene expression in keratinocytes results in disordered differentiation and resistance to cell death induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It was, therefore, interest to assess the extent of cooperation between bcl‐2 and Ha‐ras during multistep skin carcinogenesis. The keratin 1 promoter was used to generate HK1.ras and HK1.bcl‐2 transgenic mice, which were subsequently crossed to generate HK1.ras/bcl‐2 double transgenic mice. The apoptotic index (AI) following UV‐irradiation was significantly lower in HK1.bcl‐2 and HKI.ras/bcl‐2 epidermis compared to control littermates. Interestingly, the AI of HK1.ras/bcl‐2 mice was significantly lower than even HK1.bcl‐2 mice following UV‐irradiation. To investigate the interaction of these oncogenes in skin tumorigenesis, a two‐stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol was used to induce tumors. The individual contributions of Ha‐ras and bcl‐2 to papilloma latency, incidence, and growth rate in HK1.ras/bcl‐2 double transgenic mice was marginally additive. Papillomas arising in HK1.ras transgenic mice exhibited the highest rate of apoptosis whereas papillomas arising in the HK1.ras/bcl‐2 double transgenic mice exhibited rates of apoptosis that were significantly lower than papillomas arising in either control littermate or HK1.ras mice. Constitutive expression of either Ha‐ras or bcl‐2 exhibited similar rates of malignant tumor progression and they were not significantly different than control littermates. Importantly, when these two oncoproteins were coexpressed, a significant, and synergistic, increase in malignant transformation was observed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The high‐risk benign tumor: Evidence from the two‐stage skin cancer model and relevance for human cancer
Authors: Glick Adam , Ryscavage Andrew , Perez‐Lorenzo Rolando , Hennings Henry , Yuspa Stuart , Darwiche Nadine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBenign tumors that form following chemical initiation and promotion in the mouse skin can be grouped into two classes. The majority of papillomas do not progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and these are designated as low‐risk or terminally benign papillomas. In contrast, a much smaller group forms the true precursor to the SCC, and these have a significantly higher frequency and rate of malignant conversion than the bulk of low‐risk papillomas. In standard two‐stage carcinogenesis studies both tumor types are present, but grossly indistinguishable. Here we describe properties and potential origins of high‐risk papillomas and discuss the relevance of this model for certain human cancers with defined premalignant states. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mild Parkinsonian signs: An overview of an emerging concept
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Bennett David A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMild Parkinsonian signs (MPS) include gait and balance changes, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. MPS can occur commonly during the clinical examination of older people who do not have known neurological disease, with prevalence estimates for MPS as a whole ranging from 15% to 95%. MPS are generally progressive and they are coupled with functional difficulties, impaired gait and balance, and increased risks of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality. The mechanistic basis for these signs is unclear, but is likely to be multifactorial, with possible factors including an age‐associated decline in dopaminergic nigrostriatal activity, the early development of neurodegenerative (Lewy body or Alzheimer's type) pathologies in the basal ganglia, or the accumulation of vascular pathology in the brain. It would be valuable to identify those individuals with MPS who are at increased risk for the development of future Alzheimer's disease, full‐blown Parkinson's disease, or strokes, and to develop therapeutic strategies to intervene to lessen the likelihood of MPS‐related morbidity and mortality. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Neuropathological study 16 years after autologous adrenal medullary transplantation in a Parkinson's disease patient
Authors: Kompoliti Katie , Chu Yaping , Shannon Kathleen M. , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo date, there is no clinicopathological correlation of adrenal medullary transplant cases in patients with survival beyond a few years. Postmortem examination of a brain from a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD), 16 years after autologous adrenal medullary transplant, was performed using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and chromogranin A. The patient experienced a four‐year initial improvement in motor function followed by resumption of the progressive nature of her disease that continued until her death. She expired 16 years following grafting. At autopsy, TH stain of the brain revealed severe loss of TH‐immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and Lewy bodies, confirming the diagnosis of PD. The transplant site was identified by the presence of scarring and there was complete absence of any TH staining cells at the site of the transplant. There were few surviving cells staining with chromogranin A. The absence of TH‐staining cells in the transplant 16 years after surgery provides further evidence that adrenal medullary transplants do not survive in the long term. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Levodopa responsiveness in disorders with parkinsonism: A review of the literature
Authors: Constantinescu Radu , Richard Irene , Kurlan Roger 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA literature review was conducted to investigate whether or not levodopa (LD) responsiveness (LR) is a useful criterion in the diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders. Although LR does appear to differ among the parkinsonian disorders, there is considerable confusion in the literature. While most patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a sustained benefit from LD, a small minority of patients with documented PD do not respond. The literature suggests that the LR rate is higher for multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) than based on published diagnostic criteria. Magnitude and duration of response to LD and tolerability (time course, type and distribution of dyskinesias, mental effects and motor worsening) may be useful features in distinguishing PD, MSA, PSP, and CBD. Efforts should be directed toward better defining LR when used for diagnostic purposes and in scientific publications. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Buck (Capra hircus) genes encode new members of the spermadhesin family
Authors: Melo Luciana Magalhães , Teixeira Dárcio Ítalo Alves , Havt Alexandre , da Cunha Rodrigo Maranguape Silva , Martins Danyelly Bruneska Gondim , Castelletti Carlos Henrique Madeiros , de Souza Paulo Roberto Eleutério , Filho José Luiz de Lima , Freitas Vicente José de Figueirêdo , Cavada Benildo Sousa , Rádis‐Baptista Gandhi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSpermadhesins are the major proteins of boar seminal plasma and form a group of polypeptides probably involved in reproduction. In previous work, a member of the spermadhesin family from buck seminal plasma, called BSFP, was characterized by mass spectrometry and N‐terminal sequencing. The present study aimed to clone and characterize the BSFP gene and investigate its expression along the genital tract using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cDNAs of the seminal vesicle, testis, epididymis, bulbourethral gland, and ductus deferens were prepared from a buck. Following 3′‐ and 5′‐end amplifications using seminal vesicle cDNA, we cloned and sequenced four highly similar (97–98%) nucleotide sequences encoding spermadhesins, which were named Bodhesin‐1(Bdh‐1), Bdh‐2, Bdh‐3, and Bdh‐4. All deduced amino acid sequences contained the CUB domain signature and were 49–52% similar to boar AWN. Among the four Bdh amino acid sequences, Bdh‐2 was the most similar to the BSFP N‐terminal fragment. By using real‐time PCR, it was verified specific amplifications for all Bdh in the seminal vesicle, testis, epididymis, and bulbourethral gland, with the exception of Bdh‐2 in epididymis. The amplicons had a melting temperature and size of approximately 78°C and 130 bp, respectively. Bdh expression was higher in the seminal vesicle when compared to the other tissues. The present work confirms that goat is the fifth mammalian species, after pig, cattle, horse, and sheep, in which spermadhesin molecules are found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on buck spermadhesin genes using molecular cloning and expression profile. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 8–16, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot study of the Video Observations Aarts and Aarts (VOAA): a new software program to measure motor behaviour in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Aarts Pauline BM , Jongerius Peter H , Aarts Michel AG , Van Hartingsveldt Margo J , Anderson Patricia G , Beumer Annechien 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new computer software program to score video observations, Video Observations Aarts and Aarts (VOAA) was developed to evaluate paediatric occupational therapy interventions. The VOAA is an observation tool that assesses the frequency, duration and quality of arm/hand use in children, in particular those with cerebral palsy. Reliability studies show that the first module, designed to evaluate a forced‐use programme, has an excellent content validity index (0.93) and good intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability (Cohen's kappas ranging from 0.62 to 0.85 for the three activities tested). With the built‐in statistical package, paediatric occupational therapy departments can conduct therapeutic evaluations with children with impairments in the upper extremities. Further research is recommended to apply the VOAA in clinical studies in paediatric occupational therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis of invasive mold infections in children post allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Roman Elizabeth , Osunkwo Ifeyinwa , Militano Olga , Cooney Erin , van de Ven Carmella , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundInvasive mold infections (IMI) are a leading cause of infectious mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant (AlloSCT) recipients. Fluconazole, the current standard for fungal prophylaxis, is ineffective against molds. We initiated a pilot study to determine the safety and activity of prophylactic liposomal amphotericin B (AMB) in preventing IMI in pediatric and adolescent AlloSCT recipients during the first 100 days.ProcedureFifty‐one patients (57 AlloSCT) were given AMB (3 mg/kg/day) intravenously, day 0–100. Median age 6 years, 32 males, 19 females. Donors: 33 unrelated and 2 related cord blood, 13 related and 1 unrelated peripheral blood stem cell and 8 related bone marrow (BM); 30 received myeloablative and 27 reduced intensity conditioning. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis comprised tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil.ResultsMedian follow‐up is 557 days. AMB was generally well tolerated. The probability of developing ≥grade II acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD was 45% and 7%, respectively. Estimated 1‐year OS is 62.4% for all patients with 78.8% and 26.7% for average‐risk and poor‐risk, respectively. The incidence of IMI was 0%.ConclusionsThese results suggest prophylactic AMB is tolerable and may prevent IMI, especially Aspergillus, during the first 100 days post AlloSCT in pediatric and adolescent patients. A randomized study is needed to determine the efficacy of this approach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:325–330. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm Banking for Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients: Sperm Quality, Patient, and Parent Perspectives
Authors: Ginsberg Jill P. , Ogle Susan K. , Tuchman Lisa K. , Carlson Claire A. , Reilly Maureen M. , Hobbie Wendy L. , Rourke Mary , Zhao Huaqing , Meadows Anna T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundInfertility is often a complication for adolescent and young adult males who receive cancer therapy, a problem that might be averted through using cryopreserved sperm. We aim to evaluate feasibility of offering newly diagnosed patients the opportunity to bank sperm and, to determine the beliefs and decision‐making processes of patients and their parents who considered sperm banking.ProcedureEligible patients and parents were approached and offered sperm cryopreservation. Semen samples from patients who sequentially attempted sperm banking were analyzed. Questionnaires were then administered to patients and parents who had been approached about sperm banking.ResultsSemen samples from 68 patients were analyzed. Nine patients were azoospermic; all had been pre‐treated with chemotherapy. Fifty patients completed the questionnaire. Parent and patient made the decision together to bank 80% of the time. All sons who attempted to bank and their parents felt they had made the right decision, including those who attempted but failed.ConclusionsViable sperm can be collected successfully from adolescent and young adults who are newly diagnosed with cancer. Semen quality was dramatically reduced by one course of gonadotoxic therapy. Parents and patients want information regarding sperm cryopreservation early. Parents appear to play an important role in the decision to sperm bank. We recommend sperm banking be offered to all eligible patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:594–598. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical implication of isolated right dominant heart in the fetus
Authors: Jung Eui , Won Hye‐Sung , Lee Pil Ryang , Kim Ahm , Park In‐Sook 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical implication of isolated right dominant heart (RDH) in fetal echocardiography.Study designWe reviewed the medical records of pregnant women diagnosed with fetal RDH at Asan Medical Center from December 1999 to December 2005. The criteria of RDH were the ratio of right‐to‐left atrial and ventricular width and the ratio of the diameter of pulmonary artery‐to‐aorta were greater than 1.5. Fetuses with congenital heart disease, including coarctation of the aorta (CoA), noncardiac anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded.ResultsRDH was identified in 44 fetuses. Twenty‐nine (66%) were confirmed to have normal heart and 15 (34%) had cardiac anomalies by postnatal echocardiogrphy; 11 CoA, 1 interruption of aortic arch, 1 patent ductus arteriosus, and 2 ventricular septal defect. Mean gestational age at presentation with RDH was later in normal fetuses as compared to fetuses with CoA (p < 0.005). Only 26% (4/15) of fetuses presenting with RDH during the second‐trimester were found to have normal heart postnatally, compared with 86% (25/29) of those diagnosed in the third‐trimester.ConclusionRDH in the fetus is a risk factor for postnatal CoA particularly when diagnosed in the second‐trimester, and should be an indication for neonatal echocardiography. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.