bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation response of human cervical carcinoma cells transfected with sense and antisense p53 retroviral constructs
Authors: Stevens Craig W. , Velasco Juan A. , Dipaolo Joseph A. , Dritschilo Anatoly , Notario Vicente 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDominant transforming genes such as raf, myc, and ras, alone or in combinations, have been shown to modify the radiation response of various cell types. Recent studies have shown that the status of the expression of p53, the gene detected most frequently altered in human cancer, participates in the response of various cell types to DNA‐damaging agents, including ionizing radiation. We now report the radiation responses of three human cervical carcinoma cell lines expressing various endogenous levels of wild‐type or mutant p53. In order to modulate the levels of p53, cervical carcinoma cells were transfected with retroviral vectors in which a wild‐type full‐length human p53 cDNA was inserted in the sense or antisense orientation relative to the retroviral promoter sequences. Results showed that alterations in the endogenous levels of p53 did not result in consistent differences in the cellular responses to ionizing radiation. These data indicate that the level of wild‐type p53 is not a major participant in the mechanisms of response to ionizing radiation by these cervical carcinoma cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐Iß plasma levels decrease following local radiation therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Fenig Eyal , Sulkes Aaron , Rescigno John , Shohat Batya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExogenous interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) has been shown to confer radioprotection to normal tissues. However, there is little information on the effects of radiotherapy on endogenous cytokine production. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of breast radiotherapy on plasma IL‐1 levels and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with early‐stage breast cancer. IL‐1 and lymphocyte subsets were determined in 13 patients before and after radiation therapy utilizing specific immunologic assays. Local radiation to the breast caused significant reduction in plasma IL‐1 levels (mean 269 ± 177 vs. 3 ± 50 pg/ml, P < 0.01). This was accompanied by a marked decrease in the lymphocyte counts of all patients (1850 ± 560 vs. 1013 ± 344, P < 0.05). Local radiotherapy can have a significant effect on systemic cytokine levels that may potentially impact on the radiation response of normal tissues and tumors. To our knowledge this is the first report of the effect of local radiotherapy on plasma levels of IL‐1. It is hoped that this may provide further insights into the biological responses to radiation and their impact on clinical outcome. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of self‐adhesive, silicone‐coated polyamide net dressing on irradiated human skin
Authors: Adamietz Irenäus A. , Mose Stephan , Haberl Annette , Saran Frank H. , Thilmann Christoph , Böttcher Heinz D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is no established biological or pharmacological procedure to prevent acute skin reactions during irradiation. Mechanical protection of irradiated skin during treatment is therefore essential. Some silicone‐coated materials developed for skin transplants may be beneficial to irradiated patients in this respect. In a prospective study, the tolerance of silicone‐coated polyamide net was tested in 21 patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) due to malignant disease. In 7 patients the portal skin was intact and in 14 patients the portal included an epitheliolysis and a skin ulcer. The ability of silicone‐coated net strips to adhere to irradiated skin and the local skin irritation under the adherent net were evaluated. Patient tolerance of dressing strips was good. There were no reactions to the adherent dressing net by non‐irradiated skin. No additional skin irritation due to the tested material was observed in the irradiated region. The ulcers covered by silicone‐coated dressings reepithelialized quickly during RT. There was no injury to new epithelium during changes of dressing. Our results demonstrate that silicone‐coated polyamide net dressings could be used for skin protection during irradiation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute parotitis during mantle irradiation: Incidence, onset, duration, and treatment
Authors: Fein Douglas A. , Corn Benjamin W. , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Curran Walter J. , Coia Lawrence R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetailed information, including the incidence, onset, and duration of symptoms, as well as the management of irradiation‐related sialadenitis, is not well defined in the literature. Between June 1967 and October 1993 126 patients received mantle irradiation in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease at the Fox Chase Cancer Center. All patients were treated with continuous course, once daily external beam radiotherapy (RT) using megavoltage equipment. The mantle fields extended from the level of the external acoustic meatus to the level of the insertion of the diaphragm. Seven of 126 patients (5.5%) treated with mantle irradiation developed clinical signs of parotitis during their RT treatments. Each patient described a painful sensation over the parotid gland. Palpable swelling over the parotid gland was appreciated in three patients. No systemic symptoms developed in any patient. All patients developed symptoms within the first week of treatment. Six patients were treated with aspirin and in each case the symptoms resolved within 48 hr. One patient did not receive medication and his symptoms persisted for 5 days. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐dose‐rate dependence of the phenotypic and genotypic expressions of mutagenesis by 137Cs γ‐rays
Authors: Xing Y. , Lindquist K. , Liu J. , Crompton N. E. A. , Kitani H. , Patel T. C. , Martin S. G. , Elkind M. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo examine the dependence on exposure rate of killing and mutagenesis by γ‐rays, two lines of Chinese hamster cells were studied. V79 cells were used to induce 6‐thioguanine resistance (6‐TGr) due to a mutation of the constitutive gene hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hgprt). Mutation of the bacterial gene guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) was studied in a line of mutated CHO cells, hgprt—which carried a single copy of gpt—by scoring cells that became 6‐TGr. The purpose of the study was to determine if the induction of either the mutant phenotypes or genotypes depended on dose rate, i.e., presumably were influenced by repair. To simulate a cell‐renewal population of cells in vivo, low enough dose rates of γ‐rays were used which permitted essentially continuous growth for 50–100 doublings in cell number. Considerable repair of mutagenesis as well as lethality was evident. Compared to exposures at high‐dose‐rate, the decreased frequency of mutants at low‐dose‐rate appeared to be accompanied by a shift in genotype toward that of unexposed cells, i.e., in a shift toward a higher frequency of intragenic mutations than was observed with high‐dose‐rate exposures. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiosensitization of mouse breast cancer cells in vitro by estramustine
Authors: Rockwell Sara 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstramustine, a conjugate of estradiol and nitrogen mustard, has been shown previously to depolymerize microtubules, inhibiting the formation of mitotic spindles and arresting cells in G2/M. Estramustine at concentrations of 10–30 μM inhibited the growth of EMT6 mouse breast carcinoma cells in a concentration‐dependent fashion. The viability (clonogenicity) of the cells also decreased as the drug concentration and exposure time increased. Pretreatment of EMT6 cells for 48 hr with 10 or 20 μM estramustine increased the radiosensitivity on EMT6 cells, producing enhancement ratios of 1.2 and 2.1, respectively. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alteration of Ki‐67, DNA content and cell cycle distribution during radiotherapy for cervix cancer
Authors: Bravo Isabel , Sansonetty Filipe , Craveiro Rogéria , José Bento M. , Figueiredo Graciette , Vieira Elio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study involving 158 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, DNA content, S‐phase fraction (SPF), and Ki‐67 proliferative index were evaluated in fresh tissue using flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis. Of all tumors, 57.1% were aneuploid. In this subgroup, 25% of tumors had a DNA index between 1.6 and 1.8. SPF values ranged from 0.5 to 57.2% and were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in tumors with an abnormal DNA content (aneuploid). Ki‐67 labeling index ranged from 1.7 to 65.0%. No association was found between any of the above‐mentioned parameters and clinical stage or histological type of tumor. When analyzing overall survival, a statistically significant difference was found between stage IIB patients with aneuploid and diploid DNA content. In 39 carcinomas evaluated after 1 week of radiotherapy, irradiation induced a significant decrease in Ki‐67 index. In 7 aneuploid tumors where cell cycle analysis was feasible, a significant increase in G2 + M phase fraction was observed (P < 0.02). We suggest these parameters are therefore useful to monitor radiation‐induced alterations in cell cycle and proliferation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acoustic pulse generated in a patient during treatment by pulsed proton radiation beam
Authors: Hayakawa Yoshinori , Tada Junichiro , Arai Norio , Hosono Katsuhisa , Sato Masaru , Wagai Toshio , Tsuji Hiroshi , Tsujii Hirohiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcoustic pulses were detected from a patient treated by a pulsed proton radiation beam. The dose rate of the proton beam was 0.3 cGy/pulse. The signals from 100 to 700 pulses were accumulated to improve the signal to noise ratio. After accumulation, the random noise level was negligibly small compared to the signal. These results suggest the feasibility of non‐invasive monitoring of proton dose distributions in patients by sensing acoustic pulses generated during irradiation by a pulsed proton radiation beam. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the results of postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Sakata Koh‐Ichi , Aoki Yukimasa , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Nakagawa Keiichi , Hasezawa Kenji , Muta Nobuharu , Terahara Atsuro , Onogi Yuzo , Sasaki Yasuhito , Akanuma Atsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNinety patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (RT) at the University of Tokyo between January 1982 and December 1992. Total dose was 50 Gy/5 weeks. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 19.7%. Sex, age, tumor site, tumor length, depth of tumor invasion, degree of lymph node metastasis, number of lymph node metastases, presence of macroscopic or microscopic residual tumor, and use of chemotherapy were analyzed for prognostic significance for survival by multivariate analysis. Tumor site (P <0.01) and number of lymph node metastases (P <0.01) were significant prognostic factors for survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma who underwent postoperative RT. Depth of tumor invasion (P< 0.09) and presence of macroscopic or microscopic residual tumor (P< 0.1) were marginally significant. The 2‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 50.0% and 0% in upper thoracic esophageal cancer, 54.5% and 21.3% in middle thoracic esophageal cancer, and 52.1% and 36.1% in lower thoracic esophageal cancer. The 5‐year survival rate was 41.1% in pT1, 50.0% in pT2, 10.5% in pT3, and 0% in pT4. The 5‐year survival rate was 30.6% in those with no lymph nodes involved, 35.8% in those with 1–3 lymph nodes involved, 27.3% in those with 4–7 lymph nodes involved, and 7.1 % in those with 8 or more lymph nodes involved. The 2‐year survival rate was 15.0% for patients who had macroscopic residual tumor, 33.3% for patients whose surgical margins were microscopically involved, and 57.7% for patients whose surgical margins were free of tumor. Careful histological examination of the resected specimen will identify patients most likely to benefit from postoperative RT. Data from this non‐randomized series suggest that postoperative RT improves survival in cases with pT2 or pN1. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of BW12C on mouse tumor response to radiation
Authors: Hendrikse A. , Blekkenhorst G. , Hering E. , Mohamed F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe substituted benzaldehyde BW12C has previously been shown to decrease tumor oxygenation. This, in turn, was linked to the drug's ability to alter the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and/or to change tumor blood flow. In the present study, the ability of BW12C to modify oxygen‐hemoglobin binding affinity, tumor blood flow, and tumor radiosensitivity was investigated using BALB/c mice with a 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced rhabdomyosarcoma and WHT mice with a Fib/T tumor. Results for BALB/c mice indicated that BW12C caused an initial decrease in the P50 and in tumor blood flow, which was accompanied by a decrease in the radiosensitivity of the chemically induced rhabdomyosarcoma. When the P50 and tumor blood flow levels returned to normal again, tumor radiosensitivity increased and exceeded that of mice that were not given BW12C. Although BW12C caused a similar pattern of change in WHT mice with respect to oxygen‐hemoglobin binding affinity, the drug had no effect on Fib/T tumor blood flow or radiosensitivity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Splenic irradiation for patients with polycythemia vera
Authors: Wazer David E. , McKeough Paul , Madoc‐Jones Hywel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeven patients with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PCV) with symptomatic splenomegaly received 10 courses of splenic irradiation. Patients received a total dose of 250–1,425 cGy to the whole spleen with twice‐weekly fractionation beginning with 25 cGy per fraction, gradually escalating to no more than 100 cGy per fraction. All 10 courses resulted in palliation of the symptoms of abdominal discomfort and early satiety. Greater than 50% reduction in spleen size was observed in 7 of 10 courses. The primary toxicity was a transient decrease in circulating platelets though two patients with thrombocytopenia at presentation had improvement in their platelet counts corresponding with a decrease in spleen size. These results demonstrate that splenic irradiation with low dose, twice‐weekly irradiation is an effective way to reduce spleen size and palliate symptoms in patients with PCV. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early prostate specific antigen (PSA) response predicts PSA nadir in patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation
Authors: Ennis Ronald D. , Fischer Diana B. , Pcschel Richard E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum prostate specific antigen (PSA) values decrease after external beam radiation (EBRT) for clinically localized prostate cancer, reaching their nadir 6–12 months after treatment. The nadir PSA value is predictive of disease‐free survival. This prospective study was initiated to evaluate whether the early response of PSA as measured by 1) the rate of PSA decrease during treatment (PSA slope) and 2) the immediate (within 1 month) post‐treatment PSA would predict the PSA nadir.Thirty patients treated with EBRT for clinical stages A2‐C2 (T1c‐T3c) adenocarcinoma of the prostate were enrolled in this prospective study. Nine patients were subsequently excluded because they were lost to follow‐up after less than 1 year (n = 6) or their pretreatment PSA was measured by a method other than Hybritech (n = 3). Serum PSA measurements were obtained at weeks 2, 4, and 6 of treatment (n = 21) as well as immediate post‐treatment PSA at the first follow‐up 2–4 weeks after treatment (n = 17). The end‐point analyzed was whether or not the PSA nadir was ≦ 1.5 ng/ml. A linear regression model of log(PSA) vs. time (treatment week) was fit for each patient's data. The rate of decrease of PSA (PSA slope) was estimated from this regression. The PSA slope, pretreatment PSA, immediate post‐treatment PSA, stage, and grade were studied by Cox life table regression analysis to determine predictors of PSA nadir. In the Cox model, time was measured from the start of radiotherapy until PSA ≦ 1.5 ng/ml or until the last measurement for those who did not reach this level. Models combining the significant individual factors were then constructed. The minimum follow‐up is 52 weeks and the median is 66 weeks.The PSA slope (P= 0.05) and the immediate post‐treatment PSA (P =0.02) predicted a PSA nadir ≦ 1.5 ng/ml. Pretreatment PSA approached significance (P =0.09). A model which combined pretreatment PSA and PSA slope predicted PSA nadir ≦ 1.5 ng/ml (P= 0.05) as did PSA slope combined with immediate post‐treatment PSA (P = 0.01). Within each model, PSA slope was the stronger predictor.In conclusion, the early response of serum PSA as measured by the PSA slope and the immediate post‐treatment PSA appears to be predictive of PSA nadir in patients treated with EBRT. More patients and longer follow‐up are needed to confirm this finding and determine whether the early response predicts disease‐free survival. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the protein kinase C inhibitor H‐7, l‐(5‐isoquinolinylsulfonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine, as a radiosensitizer in HeLa cells
Authors: Schnell Frederick J. , Bases Robert E. , Vikram Bhadrasain , Franklin William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe isoquinoline sulfonamide H‐7 has been shown to delay the onset of radiation‐induced G2 arrest suggesting its possible application as a radiosensitizer. The effectiveness of H‐7 as a radiosensitizer and its toxicity in HeLa cells were evaluated. Cells were treated with either 10 or 100 μmM H‐7 and exposed to gamma radiation (0–6 Gy). H‐7 was toxic to cells at concentrations greater than 10 μM. Addition of H‐7 had no effect on the overall dose response of the HeLa cells to gamma radiation. These results suggest that the use of agents which inhibit protein kinase C activity does not necessarily result in decreased cell survival. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of combined chloroquine and mild hyperthermia on hybrid spheroids containing either HeLa or S91/6 mouse melanoma cells
Authors: Djordjevic Bozidar , Lange Christopher S. , Aral Isamettin A. , Rotman Marvin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe found no significant decrease in the colony forming ability (clonogenicity) of either HeLa or S91/6 melanoma cells in hybrid spheroids incubated for 24 hr at 37°C with up to 30 μM chloroquine, nor for incubations of up to 9 hr at either 37 or 41°C with 30 μM chloroquine. Incubation for 24 hr at 41°C with chloroquine caused spheroids to disintegrate. When heating was applied to hybrid spheroids intermittently for 3 hr at the beginning and at the end of a 24 hr period of incubation with 30 μM chloroquine, there was no effect on HeLa cells but there was a highly significant decrease in the clonogenicity of S91/6 melanoma cells. Short‐term treatment (3 hr) with a combination of mild hyperthermia and 30 μM chloroquine which is non‐toxic to unirradiated cells in hybrid spheroids is, nevertheless, effective in decreasing the clonogenicity of irradiated cells of both lines. A similar increase in radiation lethality [radiation potentiating factor (RPF) of about 1.6] was obtained in both HeLa and in S91/6 cells. RPFs did not change significantly after correction of survival curves for cellular multiplicity, nor were they different from those previously reported by us for these cell lines in two versions of dense suspension cultures. Since many cells from biopsies will not grow in conventional culture systems but will do so in hybrid spheroids, the finding of similar RPF values in both systems for cell lines which will grow under both conditions suggests that hybrid spheroids may be useful for radiopotentiation studies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro test of the cytotoxic equivalence between pulsed dose rate and continuous low dose rate
Authors: Erickson Beth , Shadley Jeff D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed low dose rate (PDR) irradiation is being investigated as an alternative to continuous low dose rate (CLDR) irradiation for the treatment of certain malignancies. Mathematical modeling by Brenner and Hall suggests that the two irradiation regimens will be equivalent under certain conditions. We are testing these predictions directly by using the mouse/SCC VII in vitro‐in vivo tumor model. This study involved in vitro irradiations that would not be expected to severely stress the assumptions of the mathematical model. The cytotoxicity of CLDR was compared to that for PDR regimens consisting of hourly radiation pulses of 5, 10, or 20 minutes and a 20‐minute radiation pulse every 2 hours. A total dose of 15.7 Gy of 60Co γ‐rays was delivered over the same total time for all irradiations. Confluent cultures were irradiated in low serum at room temperature to minimize the effects of cell proliferation and cell cycling. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that an average of ≧80% of cells were in G0/G1 phase, with ≦5% incorporating bromodeoxyuridine. Also, mitotic indices averaged <0.2%. There were no significant differences between the mean values for these cell cycle measures between CLDR and PDR or between PDR regimens. All PDR regimens showed increased cell kill relative to the CLDR, but in no case were the increases statistically significant. The increase in cell kill was by factors of 1.14–2.00, with the greatest increase in cell kill in the PDR regimen using 5‐minute pulses once per hour. The increase in cell kill, even if it was real, would not appear to be sufficient to violate the criteria for being “clinically indistinguishable,” as suggested by Brenner and Hall. Although these results generally support the modeling of Brenner and Hall, this experimental model does show increased cell killing in the PDR regimens, and this in vitro model does not stress the assumptions of the Brenner‐Hall model as severely as in vivo models would. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cisplatin‐induced enhancement of radioresponse in a murine mammary carcinoma: Test of a role for apoptosis
Authors: Wheeler James A. , Clifton Stephens L. , Milas Luka , Hunter Nancy R. , Willingham Veronica I. , Meyn Raymond E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProgrammed cell death or apoptosis has recently been recognized as an important mode of cell death in the response of tumor cells to cytotoxic treatments associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy (RT). We previously showed that both cisplatin and radiation induced substantial apoptosis in the murine mammary tumor MCA‐4 when administered as single agents in vivo. Moreover, the levels of apoptosis correlated with tumor response measured as tumor growth delay. In the current study a role for apoptosis in a combined treatment with cisplatin and radiation was evaluated. Mice bearing MCA‐4 tumors were irradiated at different times following an injection with cisplatin, and tumor growth delay was assessed. Apoptosis was scored from histological sections of the tumors. The results showed that whereas the cisplatin sensitized the MCA‐4 tumor to a subsequent irradiation in terms of the growth delay, the apoptotic index never rose above the maximum level characteristic of either agent when used singly. Thus, there was no indication that cisplatin sensitized the tumor cells to radiation‐induced apoptosis. We conclude that apoptosis is not the only important mechanism for cell killing in tumors following cytotoxic treatment and that tumor response is a complex composite of many different factors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.