bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freezing Resistance and Development of Faba Beans as Affected by Ambient Temperature, Soil Moisture and Variety
Authors: Herzog H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEffects of temperature and soil moisture on the development of some plant and leaf traits and of freezing resistance were examined in 5 (6) European varieties of winter faba beans. After pre‐growth at 15 °C for 1 week, temperature was kept either at this level or lowered to 8:2 °C (day might). Soil moisture was maintained at 70‐90 % of or above field capacity, or was allowed to approach wilting point.At 15 °C, specific dry matter content (D.M. per unit area) and water/D.M. ratio were the only traits in the lower expanded leaves (1‐3) that changed markedly with time. Several plant and leaf traits were affected by soil moisture and displayed varietal differences. However, freezing resistance remained unchanged with time and was hardly affected by soil moisture and varieties (Δ R < 0.2 °C). Interestingly freezing resistance and leaf traits were differently expressed in leaves 1‐3 of plants and thus contributed to some low correlations between these items.Likewise at 8:2 °C, only low correlations between leaf traits and freezing resistance were established. They were mainly due to developmental effects and soil moisture, since (i) specific water and D. M. content increased in parallel with freezing resistance (rate ‐ 0.45 °C/day), (ii) leaf traits and freezing resistance were differently expressed in leaves 1 and 2 (i.e. ‐12.5 and ‐13.5 °C) and (iii) low as well as high soil moisture raised freezing resistance (‐0.7°C) and specific D.M. content, but lowered water/D.M. ratio. With the exception of the old French land race Cote ďOr, varietal differences in freezing resistance at 8:2 °C were small (<0.5 °C). Neither in the first nor in the second leaf varietal rank pattern of freezing resistance was consistent with that of other traits and hence no genotypic correlations could be established. On the basis of these data, the usefulness of leaf traits in breeding as indirect criteria for freezing resistance appeared doubtful.
Effect of Plant Density, Sowing Technique and Toping on Yield and Yield Components of Field Beans
Authors: Kahnt G. , König K. , Hijazi L. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEffects of drilling, spaced seeding, plant density, row to row distance and toping on yield and yield components of field beans were studied at two sites for two years. Grain yield ranged from 29 to 54 dt/ha. Toping reduced the yield in all treatments. The reduction ranged from 1.6 to 19.2 dt/ha. Toping gave an interaction with site and year. It induced uniform early maturing and no lodging. Plant density and row to row distance affected the yield differently at different sites. Drilling and spaced seeding showed no divergence. Differences in yield were caused by differences in pods/plant, grains/pod and thousand seed weight.
N‐Dimethylamino Succinamic Acid (B‐Nine) as a Potential Aid in Improvement of Medicago sativa L.
Authors: Mohan R. , Yadava R. B. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe influence of N‐dimethylamino succinamic acid (B‐nine) on lucerne plants cv. IGFRI‐244 was investigated. B‐nine (a growth regulant) was sprayed as a foliar sprays, employing 10, 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 ppm alongwith water spray as control, and the effects were observed on plant growth, flowering, nutritive constituents and seed yield of the crop. Plant height was reduced from 6.19 to 26.85 % in various concentrations of B‐nine being highest retardation in 5000 ppm, whereas 250 ppm produced more branches and leaves with dense foliage in comparison to control and other treatments. Delayed flowering by 2–15 days with significant increase in seed yield and 1000 seed weight B‐nine bein maximum seed yield in 250 ppm. However, total seed yield was increased by 4.16 to 24.76 per cent over unsprayed control plants. Among the treated levels of B‐nine, 250 ppm also gave higher values for Carbohydrate, IVTDMD in shoot of lucerne plants with considerable decreased in 5000 ppm. NDF condent decreased progressively with increased concentration of B‐nine but always lesser than the value of IVTDMD.
Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Ammonium‐ und Nitrat‐Ernährung auf die Ertrags‐ und Proteinbildung bei Hafergenotypen
Authors: Flaig A. , Zoschke M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Investigations about the effect of ammonium‐ and nitrate nutrition on the formation of yield and protein of oats genotypes The formation of yield and proteins of three different oats genotypes (cv. Gambo, Flämingskrone, Caesar) in dependence on ammonium or nitrate nutrition was investigated in pot trials over 2 years (from 1982 to 1983). On oats the NH4‐nutrition showed in comparison to NO3 nutrition increases in grain yield up to 20 % due to a favourable influence on the number of panicles per pot (s. Fig. 1).Protein content and protein yield increased particularly by high fertilizing with NH4‐N (N3‐ and Invariant); the best effect was ascertained by the N4‐variant increase of 4 % (D.M.). Among the protein fractions (albumins, globulins, prolamins, glutelins) the albumin‐ and prolamin‐proteins increased after NH4‐fertilizing by 1–2 %, whereas at the same time the glutelins decreased by 1–4 %; the globulins showed no differences.
Photosynthesis and Assimilate Partitioning in Mungbean in Response to Source‐Sink Alteration
Authors: Mitra Surma , Ghildiyal M. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of alteration in source‐sink ratio by deflowering and defoliation technique on photosynthesis rate was examined in mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) var. PS 16. Deflowered plants where sink demand was decreased, maintained a higher rate of photosynthesis in spite of their higher starch content in the leaves. This treatment also increased the partitioning of assimilates to leaves, stem, roots and nodules indicating the existence of alternative sink capacity. The higher rate of photosynthesis of deflowered plants was associated initially with lower stomatal diffusive resistance and subsequently with higher leaf nitrogen content. Increase in sink demand for a particular leaf by excising other source leaves also increased the rate of photosynthesis. These results are discussed in relation to possible regulation through hormones.
Effect of Some Weed Control Treatments on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Associated Weeds
Authors: Ibrahim A. F. , El‐Wekjl H. R. , Yehia Z. R. , Shaban Sh. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo field experiments were carried out during 1984 and 1985 seasons at the Farm of Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, A. R. C, Ministry of Agric. (Egypt), to study the effect of five herbicides applied as a single or in tank mixtures as well as hoeing treatment on sesame plants and dominated annual weeds under Upper Egypt growing conditions. The herbicides alachlor at 2.304, pendimethalin at 2.040, linuron at 1.200, diuron at 0.960 and prometryn at 1.920 kg a.i./ha were applied preemergence as a single herbicides, as well as alachlor and pendimethalin combined with linuron, diuron or prometryn at the same rates. Two checks were included, one was left without weed removal, while the other was hand‐hoed.Pendimethalin at 2.040 applied alone or in mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best grass weed control, while excellent effectiveness against annual broad‐leaves was obtained by linuron at 1,200 and diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha alone or in mixtures with pendimethalin at 2.040 kg a.i./ha. Whereas, pendimithalin at 2.040 applied alone or in tank mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best control for total annual weeds and higher seed yield of sesame as well as other yield contributing characters.
Die Ontogenese von Zea mays L. und ihre Beeinflußbarkeit durch Wachstumsregulatoren
Authors: Kötting K. , Höfner W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract The ontogenesis of Zea mays L. and their modification by plant growth regulators During a period of 2 years with the maize variety Santos, the effects of the plant growth regulators CCC and RSW 0411 upon vegetative and generative development were tested by pot experiments. The experiments were carried out to optimize the PGR application to maize and to interpret possible PGR effects. The application shah improve the resistance to lodging by a reduction of ear–and plant height as well as by an increase of stalk diameter. At the same time, the sink‐capacity of the ear shah increase because this is lucrative to all specializations of corn production.The PGR RSW strongly reduced the stem elongation during the growing season after an application in ES 21. The basal stem diameter increased highly significant. The PGR CCC did not obviously effect the vegetative development of maize.RSW suppressed the branching of the tassel after an application in ES 21. Later applications did not disturb the tassel development, because the tassel were completely differentiated at the application time in ES 31/32 and ES 34/35. High application rates of CCC, applied in ES 31/32 and ES 34/35, increased significantly the grain yield by a higher number of kernels per ear. The 1000 kernels weight remained unchanged. The results of the ear ontogenesis indicated, that the PGR CCC lessened the reduction of female spikelets in the ear during the post‐silking period.
Zeitliche und vertikale Nitratverteilung in der ungesättigten und gesättigten Bodenzone grundwassernaher Sandböden Nordwestdeutschlands
Authors: Foerster P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Periodic and Vertical Nitrate Distribution in Unsaturated and in Saturated Zone of Sandy Soils Close to Groundwater in North‐West Germany Investigations into the periodic and vertical distribution of nitrate were conducted in three geologically, pedologically and climatically comparable arable sandy soils lying close to the groundwater zone of the coastal moorlands of N.W. Germany. Periodical and vertical distribution of nitrate was observed in unsaturated and in saturated zones of the soil.The investigation concerns podzol‐brown earths. The depth of the water‐unsaturated zone is 2 to 3 m. The crops in two locations consisted of maize and winter rye; in one location, of maize only. N‐manuring consisted of mineral fertilizers and/or of organic liquid manure. At two locations the investigations were conducted over 3 years, at one location, over 18 months.The results from the three locations indicate a corresponding clear variability of nitrate amounts in the soil depending on weather conditions, on the course of growth of the crops, and on the date, the rate and the type of manuring.The dependence of nitrate content on the time span is most clearly expressed in the top soil. The peak values of NO3 in the top soil appear in May, June and in the autumn months. Nitrate peaks in the top soil are continued in the subsequent ground levels with a time shift. Underneath the root zone, the nitrate peak values are transferred, largely without losses, by the seepage water through the capillary and groundwater zones close to the surface.In the capillary and groundwater zones the nitrate peak values are characterized by time‐dependent extension.The time‐span for transferring nitrate peak values from the top soil down to 4.00 m under the surface was determined to be approximately 6‐8 months.
Salinity Effects on Growth and Ionic Relations of two Triticale Varieties Differing in Salt Tolerance
Authors: Salim M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo varieties of triticale possessing differential tolerance to salinity were grown in a glass‐house in nutrient solution with or without the addition of 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl. Plants were harvested after 20, 30, 37 and 44 days of vegetative growth. Relatively salt sensitive variety had slightly better growth in nutrient solution without salt throughout the study period but it could not survive at 150 mM NaCl treatment upto the final harvest. Better relative growth rates of the salt tolerant variety were observed at all salt levels during the four harvests. A significant negative correlation between Cl in shoot tissue water and the growth depression was observed for the salt sensitive variety. Better salt tolerance of the relatively salt tolerant variety seemed to be due to its ability to avoid salt build‐up in plant body which was confirmed by short term Na and Cl uptake from labelled solution of 100 mM NaCl.
Combined Effect of Soil Water Availability and Growth Substances on Some Aspects of Chemical Composition of Cowpea Plants
Authors: Khalil Sohajr , Mandurah Hanan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCowpea plant (Vigna sinensis Savi) were grown in pots for two successive years. These plants were daily maintained at water holding capacities (15, 25, 45 and 65 %). The foliage of plants grown at every level of soil moisture was sprayed till dripping with either IAA solutions 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/1 or kinetin solutions 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/1 three times after 3, 6 and 9 weeks from sowing. Samples were taken at two physiological stages before flowering and during flowering for determination of photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrate fractions.Water stress decreased all photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and carotenoids). Meanwhile, it increased the ratios of “a/b” and (a + b)/carotenoids. IAA and kinetin at all concentrations increased photosynthetic pigments. In addition, the same treatments led to decrease in the ratios of “a/b” and a + b/carotenoids.Total carbohydrate content was decreased by decreasing soil moisture content. Meanwhile, reducing sugars as well as sucrose contents were increased. IAA and kinetin increased total carbohydrate, reducing sugars and sucrose of cowpea shoots comparing with respective controls.
Erhaltung der Ertragsfähigkeit des Bodens auf lange Sicht unter dem Einfluß von Fruchtfolgegestaltung, Düngung und Herbizideinsatz
Authors: Sturny W. G. , Weisskopf P. , Keller E. R. , Schwendimann F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Impact of crop rotation, fertilizer treatments and herbicidal applications on the long term maintenance of soil fertility V. Comparative studies regarding chemical and physical factors of the yield potential of a soil over a ten year experimental period In order to examine the influence of different crop management practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer treatments and herbicide applications on the yield potential of a soil, the Crop Science Department of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) conducted a long term field experiment commencing 1973. The experimental location was at the Swiss Federal Research Station for Farm Management and Agricultural Engeneering at Tanikon/TG (northeastern Switzerland).After the ten year period, chemical and physical soil properties were not found to be substantially affected by the various experimental treatments. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were more influenced by fertilizer treatments than by crop rotation and herbicide applications. Both cation exchange capacity and pH proved to be fairly stable values.Aggregate stability and organic matter exhibited similar profiles, although soil bulk density was affected by crop rotation. The volume of large and medium sized pores was similarly affected in that the corn‐dominated crop rotation resulted in a quantifiable impact upon soil compaction.Depending upon weed control efficiency, the grain yields of the winter wheat test crop clearly exhibited the effects of crop rotation whereas the lowest yields resulted from the corn‐dominated crop rotation.
Sorghum Leaf Area as a Function of Sixth Leaf Area
Authors: Chinnamuthu C. R. , Kailasam C. , Sankaran Dr. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the relationship between sixth leaf area and total leaf area of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) to obtain the total leaf area estimate without having to make the time consuming area measurement directly. Ten sorghum varieties were raised at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University campus Coimbatore from which the leaf samples were taken. The allometric relationship derived by logarithmic transformation between total leaf area (TLA) and sixth leaf area measured by leaf area meter (SLALW) and TLA and sixth leaf area measured by maximum length and width (SLALW) were not different significantly. The allometric relationship for all the ten varieties of pooled data wereTLA = 27.416 (SLAM)0.794and TLA = 14.355 (SLALW)0.857)Where TLA, SLAM and SLALW are measured in cm2. The standard error of estimate equalled to 0.00299 and 0.0035 for the regression of TLA‐SLAM and TLA‐SLALW respectively. The correlation co‐efficients for TLA‐SLAM and TLA‐SLALW were 0.94 and 0.93 respectively. Among the relationships tried for third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh leaf area by meter and length X width verses total leaf area, the SLA verses TLA found to be more suitable.
Compensation‐Induced Yield Gains in Mixtures of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Panse A. , Davis J. H. C. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOver the course of two planting seasons field trials were conducted at the CIAT farm in Palmira (Colombia). The experiments included nine tropical bean lines grown in pure stands and seven mixtures obtained by combining these lines on the basis of equal proportions in seed number.In the case of several pure lines, inferior seed quality led to low germination and uneven population densities, especially in the first planting season. Analogously, missing plants also occurred with the corresponding mixtures. A significant and positive relationship between mixing induced yield gains and patchiness in mixtures was found, indicating that intergenotypic compensation was a major determinant for mixture effects on yield. In common bean as a tropical subsistence crop seed quality is known to be erratic. It is concluded that compensation effects in mixtures of common bean may be expected to be of practical importance regarding the improvement of yield stability over seasons.
Kresse (Lepidium sativum L.) als Bioindikator zur Beurteilung der pflanzenphysiologischen Verträglichkeit von Flüssigmist
Authors: Dewes T. , Ahrens E. , Valentin U. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) as a biological indicator for the estimation of liquid manure compatibility to plant physiology In addition to other proposals for hydroponic tests an improved method with cress (Lepidium sativum L.) is described, which is suitable to study the compatibility of liquid manures to plant physiology. Simply standardizable conditions and particular applicability for serial studies are the characteristics of this method. Results could be obtained rapidly within 72 h. Using this test marked differences between different liquid manures were found especially in dependence on the storage time. An increasing storage time led to a better compatibility to plant physiology.
Maize Smut Induced by Ustilago maydis (D. C.) Corda – Specific Effect of Smut Intensity and Location of Galls on Yield Losses
Authors: Kostandi S. F. , Geisler G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeventeen maize hybrids were used in this study to estimate the damage effects of smut intensity and location of galls on yield during the growing seasons 1982, 1983 and 1984. The term “relative yield” was introduced to give an indication about the variation in yield of each maize hybrids among years in accordance with the proposed system of grade classification. Additional calculations were also applied to give quantitative measurements of the specific effect of grade and location of galls on yield losses. The results showed that:1. In most cases, the relative yield followed up the grade classification, being the highest for the highly resistant group (99.0 %) and the lowest for the highly susceptible ones (82.0 %).2. Small galls, as expressed in grade 2 and 3 did not appreciably reduce the yield, but the losses resulted from grade 4 up to grade 8 were more destructive and the losses ranged from 11.0 to 95.0 %, respectively.3. The loss in yield associated with smut galls located on ear, stem + ear, stem + tassel, stem and tassel were 57.1, 48.9, 38.6, 24.3 and 9.3 %, respectively.4. Yield losses were greatly influenced by increasing smut infection and/or smut location among years, due to the changes of climatical conditions.5. The loss in yield at any specific smut location tended to increase exponentially with increasing smut intensity, but the degree of severity was, however, greater when the galls were located on the ear.
Effect of Water Stress on the Photosynthesis, Productivity and Water Status of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Uprety D. C. , Bhatia Anju 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of water stress and its subsequent recovery on the photosynthesis, productivity and water status, was examined in three mungbean varieties (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) i.e. PS 16, P 105 and Pusa Baisakhi. The variety P 105 was found relatively less susceptible to water stress compared to high susceptibility in Pusa Baisakhi and PS 16. The adverse effect of stress was comparatively higher at the post‐flowering and pod development stages. It was observed that variety P 105 had inherently maintained higher water status by retaining higher water potential and water content under water stress condition, thereby effectively reducing the water loss. The higher transpiration rate in this variety regulates the flow of water within the plant. This type of regulation of water flow and maintenance of high water status in P 105 helped to resist the adverse effect of water stress on photosynthesis and productivity. Such adaptation mechanism was not observed in varieties PS 16 and Pusa Baisakhi. The recover) mechanism was, however, operated efficiently in susceptible varieties PS 16 and Pusa Baisakhi particularly for recouping the vegetative growth, but its effect could not be retained for reproductive characters, wherein also variety P 105 due to its efficient partitioning system yielded better than other cultivars.
Effects of an Early Application of Sulphur or Etephon as Foliar Spray on the Growth and Yield of Spring Barley in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Ramos J. M. , Garcia del Moral L. F. , Molina‐Cano J. L. , Salamanca P. , Roca de Togores F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLeaf area development, biomass production and yield of four spring barley varieties grown in a Mediterranean environment (southern Spain) in response to an early application of foliar sulphur or etephon have been studied. Both sulphur and etephon produced similar results compared to the control. Thus, whereas the maximum leaf area index on untreated plots was reached at the beginning of shooting, the growth of foliar area in the treated ones was extended until anthesis and its decline during maturity was similarly retarded. This led to a significant improvement in the biomass at anthesis (which was closely correlated with grain yield) as well as in the leaf area duration during grain filling. These effects were principally due to variations in the number of leaves per plant, caused by a higher tiller production in the treated plants and not by an increase in the number of leaves per tiller or by leaf size.An application of sulphur or etephon at tillering increases grain yield by raising both the number of ears per plant and per plot, without modifying the number of grains per ear or 1000‐grain weight. The similarity between the effects of sulphur and etephon may be due to the fact that sulphur absorbed by the leaves results in an increase in methyonine, the biological precursor or ethylene. The positive correlation between biomass at anthesis and number of ears over grain yield suggests that sink capacity and source activity are closely related and both simultaneously limited by the environment.