bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal debridement as a therapeutic approach for severe chronic periodontitis: a clinical, microbiological and immunological study
Authors: Del Peloso Ribeiro Érica , Bittencourt Sandro , Sallum Enilson A. , Nociti Francisco H. , Gonçalves Reginaldo Bruno , Casati Márcio Zaffalon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim: To clinically, microbiologically and immunologically characterize periodontal debridement as a therapeutic approach for severe chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods: Twenty‐five patients presenting at least eight teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of 5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were selected and randomly assigned to quadrant‐wise scaling and root planing or one session of full‐mouth periodontal debridement. The following clinical outcomes were assessed: plaque index, BOP, position of gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL) and PPD. Real‐time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay permitted the detection of IL‐1β, prostaglandin E2, INF‐γ and IL‐10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). All the parameters were evaluated at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results: Both the groups had similar means of PPD reduction and attachment gain over time. Besides a significant reduction in the bacterial level after treatment in both groups, microbiological analysis failed to demonstrate significant differences between them. Finally, no difference was observed between groups with respect to the levels of inflammatory mediators in GCF.Conclusion: Periodontal debridement resulted in a similar clinical, microbiological and immunological outcome when compared with standard scaling and root planing and therefore may be a viable approach to deal with severe chronic periodontitis.
Ten‐year results following treatment of intra‐bony defects with enamel matrix proteins and guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Sculean Anton , Kiss Alice , Miliauskaite Asta , Schwarz Frank , Arweiler Nicole B. , Hannig Matthias 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Surgery utilizing an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been shown to promote periodontal regeneration.Aim: To evaluate the 10‐year results following treatment with EMD, GTR, EMD+GTR, and open flap debridement (OFD).Material and Methods: Thirty‐eight patients out of an initial group of 56 participants were treated with one of the four modalities. Results were evaluated before surgery, at 1 year, and at 10 years. Primary outcome variable was CAL change.Results: Treatment with EMD yielded a mean CAL gain of 3.4±1.0 mm (p<0.001) and 2.9±1.4 mm (p<0.001) at 1 and 10 years, respectively. GTR resulted in a mean CAL gain of 3.2±1.4 (p<0.001) at 1 year and 2.8±1.2 mm (p<0.001) at 10 years. Mean CAL gain in the EMD+GTR group was of 3.3±1.1 mm (p<0.001) and 2.9±1.2 mm (p<0.001) at 1 and 10 years, respectively. Treatment with OFD demonstrated a mean CAL gain of 2.0±1.2 mm (p<0.01) at 1 year and 1.8±1.1 mm (p<0.01) at 10 years. Compared with OFD, the three regenerative treatments resulted in statistically significant (p<0.05) higher CAL gain, at both 1 and 10 years. The CAL change between 1 and 10 years did not present statistically significant differences in any of the four groups.Conclusion: The present results indicate that the clinical outcomes obtained with all four approaches can be maintained over a period of 10 years.
Different expression patterns of p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 proteins in benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms and in cultured human melanocytes
Authors: Curry Jonathan L. , Richards Hunter W. , Huttenbach Yve T. , Medrano Estela E. , Reed Jon A. 
Published: July 2008

Background:  The p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 proteins belong to the CIP/KIP family of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors involved in the growth arrest and cellular senescence. High levels of p27KIP1 unexpectedly have been detected in invasive malignant melanomas (MM), whereas the role of p57KIP2 in melanocytic lesions is unknown. We therefore chose to study the expression of p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 in melanocytic neoplasms.Design:  The expression of p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 were examined by immunohistochemistry in 40 melanocytic neoplasms and by Western blot analysis in cultured human melanocytes.Results:  Expression of both nuclear p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 (> 10% of cells with nuclear labeling) was observed in most cases with non‐proliferating melanocytes (8/10, benign nevi and 9/10 DN, dysplastic nevi), but in only a few cases containing proliferating melanocytes (3/11 RN, recurrent nevi and 2/9 MM, melanoma) (p < 0.002). In proliferating melanocytes, there was an inverse correlation of nuclear expression of p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 in both RN (p27KIP1 = 3/11 RN and p57KIP2 = 8/11 RN) and MM (p27KIP1 = 7/9 MM and p57KIP2 = 2/9 MM) (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis detected p57KIP2 only in proliferating melanocytes. p27KIP1 was detected in both proliferating and senescent melanocytes.Conclusion:  The difference in expression patterns of p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 in proliferating and senescent melanocytes suggests the interplay between these proteins may play a functional role in melanocytic tumorigenesis.
A scanning microscopic clue to the diagnosis of arthropod assault reaction: alteration of interstitial tissue is more common than a wedge‐shaped inflammatory infiltrate
Authors: Krahl Dieter , Sellheyer Klaus 
Published: July 2008

Background:  A scanning microscopic clue to the diagnosis of arthropod assault reactions is a wedge‐shaped inflammatory infiltrate. However, to describe an inflammatory infiltrate as wedge‐shaped or not involves a high degree of subjectivity.Methods:  We studied hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of 137 biopsies of arthropod assault reactions for epidermal and dermal changes and for the composition, density and depth of the inflammatory infiltrate.Results:  We found a wedge‐shaped inflammatory component in only 10.2% of the cases. A much more common feature is an alteration of the interstitial tissue present in 85.4% of the biopsies. It consisted of a narrowing of the spaces between the collagen bundles, which was readily observable on scanning magnification. On higher magnification, a loosely textured basophilic material was often noted within the dermis.Conclusions:  The hitherto often emphasized wedge‐shaped configuration of the inflammatory component of arthropod assault reactions is not of great diagnostic value. The altered interstitial tissue is easily recognizable by its diminished interstitial spaces at low power magnification and can serve as a scanning magnification clue to the diagnosis of arthropod assault reactions.
Anthropology of Religion
Authors: Bowie Fiona 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn anthropological approach to religion is characterised by engagement with the people studied through participant observation in the field. Although the ethnographer might be changed by this experience, the majority of anthropologists are constrained by academic and cultural conventions that prevent them from fully engaging with it. The challenge for anthropologists is to find a language that moves beyond the security of phenomenological or scientific approaches to religion, without becoming apologists for any one theological perspective.
Understanding Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Authors: Zelliot Eleanor 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, also called Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar in affection and respect, was born in 1891 in a Mahar Untouchable family and died in 1956 after a lifetime of service to his people and to India. His influence has spread throughout India and his image, a Western‐dressed gentleman pointing to the future and carrying a book, is found in many villages and all cities. The book represents the Constitution of independent India. His followers know the facts of his life and are so reverential that one right wing critic called him a ‘false God’. The word now used broadly for Untouchables, Tribals, and other low castes and classes is ‘Dalit’, which means ground down, but began a proud use in the 1970s with a literary movement called ‘Dalit Sahitya’, made famous at first by the ‘Dalit Panthers’ named in reference to the militant American ‘Black Panthers’. Like the word ‘Black’, it can be a source of controversy today. The term coined by Mohandas K. Gandhi, ‘Harijan’ or people of God, was resented by Ambedkar as patronizing, and the two also clashed over the idea of separate electorates for untouchables; Gandhi's win is still resented by some as depriving Dalits of their chosen leaders. Dr. Ambedkar's influence may be seen in literature, in educational and political institutions, in a massive Buddhist conversion, and in increased pride and self‐confidence among Dalits.
Mitochondrial Signaling in Mammalian Cells Activated by Red and Near‐IR Radiation
Authors: Karu Tiina I. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMitochondrial signaling is an information channel between the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the nucleus for the transduction signals regarding the functional state of the mitochondria. The present review examines the question whether radiation of visible and near‐IR (IR‐A) radiation can activate this retrograde‐type cellular signaling pathway. Experimental data about modulation of elements of mitochondrial retrograde signaling by the irradiation (mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm, reactive oxygen species ROS, Ca2+, NO•, pHi, fission‐fusion homeostasis of mitochondria) are reviewed. The terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome c oxidase is considered as the photoacceptor. Functions of cytochrome c oxidase as a signal generator as well as a signal transducer in irradiated cells are outlined.
Effects of a late evening snack combined with α‐glucosidase inhibitor on liver cirrhosis
Authors: Korenaga Keiko , Korenaga Masaaki , Uchida Koichi , Yamasaki Takahiro , Sakaida Isao 
Published: July 2008

Aim:  A late evening snack (LES) is recommended for protein‐energy malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, many cases of liver cirrhosis have accompanying impaired glucose tolerance and there are concerns that LESs might aggravate glucose intolerance. In this study, we concomitantly used an α‐glucosidase inhibitor with a LES and examined the effects on glucose tolerance. In addition, we examined whether or not there was an improvement in energy metabolism by slowing glucose absorption with the concomitant use of the α‐glucosidase inhibitor.Methods:  The subjects were 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. From before the study, all the patients had been taking a LES supplementation with a branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA)‐enriched nutrient mixture. The patients were started on the concomitant use of α‐glucosidase inhibitor (0.2 mg) taken just prior to the LES. The change of glucose tolerance and energy metabolism were examined using a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and indirect calorimetry.Results:  One week and three months after the start of the concomitant use of the α‐glucosidase inhibitor, the area under the concentration curve for plasma glucose was significantly decreased. Three months after the concomitant use, the non‐protein respiratory quotient was significantly improved. There were no serious side effects during the follow‐ups.Conclusion:  The concomitant use of the α‐glucosidase inhibitor use with LES showed the possibility of improving glucose tolerance and energy metabolism. In patients with impaired glucose tolerance, the concomitant use of an α‐glucosidase inhibitor with LES might be a useful measure for nutritional management.
Rhabdomyolysis with atorvastatin and fusidic acid
Authors: O'Mahony C , Campbell V L , Al-Khayatt M S , Brull D J 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but life-threatening complication of statin therapy. A 74-year-old man, treated with atorvastatin, developed rhabdomyolysis after the co-administration of fusidic acid and flucloxacillin. The patient recovered with supportive treatment and subsequently tolerated reintroduction of atorvastatin. Pharmacokinetic interactions can cause raised plasma statin concentrations, which can precipitate rhabdomyolysis in the presence of certain predisposing biological factors.
Abdominal compartment syndrome: an under-diagnosed contributory factor to morbidity and mortality in the critically ill
Authors: Hunter J D 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
As the abdomen is a closed cavity, it follows that any increase in abdominal contents will inexorably lead to a rise in the intra-abdominal pressure. Normally this is less than 7 mm Hg, but when it persistently exceeds 12 mm Hg, renal, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular and central nervous system dysfunction arises. A wide range of conditions encountered in both medical and surgical intensive care units are associated with a rise in intra-abdominal pressure. When this pressure is continually above 20 mm Hg, organ system failure can occur, a condition known as abdominal compartment syndrome. Failure to recognise and treat this syndrome is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.
CT and appendicitis: evaluation of correlation between CT diagnosis and pathological diagnosis
Authors: Andre J B , Sebastian V A , Ruchman R M , Saad S A 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the correlation between appendiceal size measured by contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis and the size of surgically removed appendixes on gross pathological examination.

Materials and methods
The initial database consisted of the cases of 301 children, collected over 2 years, of which 56 met inclusion criteria. Both the radiology and surgical pathology reports of these patients were reviewed.

Results
The mean size of appendixes meeting the CT size criteria of appendicitis was 10.3 mm, and that of the surgical pathology specimens was 10.4 mm. The pathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed in 54 of 56 cases, yielding a positive predictive value of 96.4%. The Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient was calculated to be 0.5443 (95% CI 0.329 to 0.706). The slope of the linear correlation was 0.5788. The mean absolute difference in CT size versus pathological size was 2.2 mm.

Conclusion
The data reveal a strong correlation in ability of CT to predict the presence of acute appendicitis, with moderate correlation in the size estimate of acutely inflamed appendixes, as imaged on CT, and the pathological specimen status after appendectomy.
Hydrofracturing-related sill and dyke emplacement at shallow crustal levels: the Eastern Elba Dyke Complex, Italy
Authors: Mazzarini Francesco , Musumeci Giovanni 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
An example of sheet-like intrusion emplacement at very shallow crustal levels on Elba Island, Italy, is described. The Eastern Elba Dyke Complex (EEDC) consists of decimetre- to metre-thick sheeted aplites emplaced within intensely folded low-grade metamorphic rocks. Field data indicate that sill and dyke emplacement was controlled by mechanical discontinuities, represented by fractures in the host rocks, and was strongly favoured by magma overpressure. The occurrence of angular fragments of host rocks in the dyke border zones and the branching of sills testify to hydraulic fracturing. Analysis of the spatial distribution and geometry of EEDC sills and dykes provides clues on fluid pressure conditions and the stress state at the time of magma emplacement, as well as on the depth of emplacement. The calculated stress ratio and driving pressure ratio were used to estimate a magma overpressure of 6–54 MPa at the time of emplacement of the EEDC at a depth of about 2 km.
Topotecan inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor production and angiogenic activity induced by hypoxia in human neuroblastoma by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α
Authors: Puppo Maura , Battaglia Florinda , Ottaviano Catherine , Delfino Silvana , Ribatti Domenico , Varesio Luigi , Bosco Maria Carla 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Neuroblastoma produce angiogenic peptides, and the extent of angiogenesis correlates with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome. Hence, angiogenic factor inhibition represents an important therapeutic option. One of the major drives to tumor angiogenesis is hypoxia, a decrease in oxygen tension that characterizes the tumor microenvironment. We investigated the effects of the topoisomerase I inhibitor, topotecan, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction by hypoxia in advanced-stage human neuroblastoma cells. Topotecan counteracted hypoxic induction of VEGF and decreased angiogenic activity of conditioned medium from hypoxic cultures in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Promoter-driven reporter studies showed the role of both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and -2α in VEGF transcription activation by hypoxia, because (a) overexpression of either protein by cotransfection with expression vectors resulted in VEGF promoter transactivation, which was abrogated by mutation in the HIF-binding site, and (b) targeted knockdown of HIF-1α/2α by RNA interference inhibited hypoxia-stimulated VEGF transcriptional activity and protein secretion. Topotecan-inhibitory effects on VEGF induction by hypoxia were mediated through suppression of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein accumulation and transactivation properties, which was specific and required ongoing RNA transcription. A similar pattern of results was obtained in cells treated with the hypoxia-mimetic agent, desferrioxamine. These data provide the first evidence that topotecan is a potent inhibitor of HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunits in hypoxic neuroblastoma cells, leading to decreased VEGF expression and angiogenic activity. An important clinical implication of these findings is that therapies targeted to the HIF pathway have the potential to inhibit neuroblastoma angiogenesis and growth. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):1974–84]
HSP90 inhibitor, DMAG, synergizes with radiation of lung cancer cells by interfering with base excision and ATM-mediated DNA repair
Authors: Koll Thuy T. , Feis Steven S. , Wright Mollie H. , Teniola Modupe M. , Richardson Mekel M. , Robles Ana I. , Bradsher John , Capala Jacek , Varticovski Lyuba 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) leads to inappropriate processing of proteins involved in cell survival pathways. We found that HSP90 inhibitor, 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG), is synergistic with radiation for non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, NCI-H460 and A549. To establish the optimal schedule for this combination, cells were radiated before, after, or simultaneously with DMAG, and survival was scored by clonogenic assay. The sequence of DMAG administration was critical for synergy with radiation, and pretreatment for 16 h led to maximal synergy. Similar radiosensitization was observed in isogenic cells in which expression of wild-type p53 was silenced by RNA interference, although p53 loss rendered cells overall less radiosensitive. The mechanistic basis for synergy was studied by Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, alkaline comet assay, and direct measurement of the activities of key base excision repair enzymes. Regardless of schedule of administration, DMAG led to degradation of proteins involved in activation of cell survival pathways after radiation, which did not explain the differences in the schedule of administration observed in clonogenic assays. In addition to previously reported decrease in activation of ATM, pretreatment with DMAG blocked activation of base excision repair machinery and activity of key enzymes, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, and DNA polymerase-β. Similarly, pretreatment with specific apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease inhibitor, CRT0044876, reproduced the effects of DMAG. Thus, administration of HSP90 inhibitors before radiation is critical for optimizing their use as radiosensitizers. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):1985–92]
Cloning and apoptosis-inducing activities of canine and feline TRAIL
Authors: Rong Sing , Cai Jenny H. , Andrews Jennifer 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The apoptosis process is crucial to various biological processes including embryo development and organism homeostasis. Inducing apoptosis of cancer cells has become a very attractive field for cancer therapy in the recent years. Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; also called Apo2L, TNFSF10, CD253, or TL2) is a member of tumor necrosis factor family. Preclinical studies showed that human TRAIL induced apoptosis of various tumor cell lines, whereas nontransformed normal cell lines were not affected. We have cloned both canine and feline TRAIL full-length genes by using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends-PCR technology. Truncated soluble versions of the canine and feline TRAIL genes were also constructed. The degree of identity between canine TRAIL protein and the human, mouse, chicken, porcine, and rat homologues is 81.3%, 61.7%, 54.3%, 82.9%, and 63.2%, respectively. The degree of identity between the feline TRAIL protein and the human, mouse, chicken, porcine, and rat homologues is 84.2%, 64.2%, 54.4%, 86.8% and 65.7%, respectively. The identity between the canine and feline TRAIL proteins is 93.2%. The canine and feline soluble TRAIL proteins were expressed in both mammalian and bacterial expression systems. Western immunoblot assays with TRAIL-specific antibody confirmed the identity of expressed protein. Both canine and feline TRAIL proteins were shown to specifically induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth of cancer cells at a level comparable with their human counterpart. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):2181–91]
Delivery of PTEN via a novel gene microcapsule sensitizes prostate cancer cells to irradiation
Authors: Tomioka Atsushi , Tanaka Motoyoshi , De Velasco Marco A. , Anai Satoshi , Takada Satoshi , Kushibiki Toshihiro , Tabata Yasuhiko , Rosser Charles J. , Uemura Hirotsugu , Hirao Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene MMAC/PTEN located on chromosome10q23.3 has dual phosphatase activity in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling pathway and inhibits Akt activation, a serine-threonine kinase, which is involved in proliferative and antiapoptotic pathways. Furthermore, MMAC/PTEN is frequently inactivated in a variety of tumors including prostate cancer. In this study, we generated a new type of gene transfer drug, GelaTen, which is a microsphere of cationized gelatin hydrogels incorporating PTEN plasmid DNA. Using our previously reported radiation-resistant PC3-Bcl-2 human prostate cancer cells (PTEN deleted), we examined the efficacy of GelaTen to force the expression of PTEN in vivo to inhibit tumor growth after intratumoral injection alone or with irradiation. Combinational therapy with GelaTen and irradiation improved both the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of growth inhibition compared with GelaTen or irradiation alone. These data show that GelaTen gene therapy, enabling radiosensitization, can potentially treat prostate cancers that have MMAC/PTEN gene alterations associated with radioresistance. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):1864–70]