bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Один з підходів викладання курсу «Реактивне програмування»
Authors: Полупан Ю.В. , Родіонов П.Ю. 
Published: April 2024

Сучасному бізнесу необхідні програмні системи нового типу, здатні залишатися чутливими при будь-яких навантаженнях. Цю потребу можна задовольнити, використовуючі прийоми реактивного програмування; однак розробка таких систем – складне завдання, яке потребує глибокого розуміння предметної галузі. Тому для бажаючих стати класичними програмістами-кодерами, вивчення основ використання реактивного підходу при створенні високонавантажених додатків є наразі актуальною задачею.
Дисципліна «Реактивне програмування» входить у комплекс наскрізної безперервної підготовки спеціалістів за освітньою програмою «Інженерія програмного забезпечення інформаційних систем» спеціальності 121 «Інженерія програмного забезпечення». У структурно-логічній схемі навчання дисципліна вивчається на етапі підготовки фахівців освітньо-кваліфікаційного рівня «бакалавр». Вивчення дисципліни базується на знаннях, навичках та уміннях, отриманих під час вивчення студентами дисциплін «Основи програмування», «Основи комп’ютерних систем і мереж», «Технології паралельних обчислень», «Функціональне програмування».
Однак існує багато підходів до вивчення реактивного програмування. Можна вивчати більш теоретичну базу, включаючи поведінкові патерни, такі як Observer та Iterator, які лежить в основі реактивності, а можна розглядати реактивність в практичній площині, вивчаючі готові інструментарії (реактивні розширення та фреймворки), завдяки яким створюються незалежні та високопродуктивні реактивні додатки.
В статті обгрунтовується один із підходів викладання дисципліни «Реактивне програмування» у вищих навчальних закладах, та наводиться інструментарій для більш ефективного розуміння слухачами основ реактивності. При вивченні дисципліни пропонується більш практичний підхід з використанням веб-фреймворка Angular, в основі якого лежить бібліотека RxJS з її можливістю створювати реактивний код. При цьому студенти навчаться обробляти асинхронні виклики за допомогою безлічі подій та створювати веб-додатки, використовуючі популярний фреймворк Angular від компанії Google.
Популярність фреймворку обумовлена декількома важливими аспектами, головним серед яких можна назвати зручність для розробника. Програми на Angular пишуться порівняно швидко, код має зрозумілу структуру. Angular підходить для написання додатків під різні платформи, має величезну навчальну базу та чималу спільноту, до нього можна підключати сторонні інструменти та модулі, розширюючи і без того великий функціонал.
Потенціал утилізації бетонних відходів на деокупованих територіях: екологічні та економічні аспекти
Authors: Маслош О.В. , Подкуйко В.М. 
Published: April 2024

дій отримала найбільш зруйновану інфраструктуру, оскільки в цю зону потрапили населені пункти з потужними промисловими об’єктами, багатоквартирними будинками, соціальною інфраструктурою та мостами. Мільйони кубічних метрів бетонних відходів, що утворилися в процесі такої руйнації, містять різні хімічні елементи та забруднення від вибухових речовин, такі як важкі метали, вуглеводні, ароматичні сполуки, нітрати, нітрити, хлориди.
Для прискорення нейтралізації забруднень у післявоєнному відновлені, суспільство може вживати заходи з утилізації та вторинного використання бетонних відходів для запобігання їхньому нагромадженню в навколишньому середовищі. Утилізація та використання бетонних відходів у післявоєнному відновлені повинні стати стратегічною метою, спрямованою на поліпшення управління відходами, зменшення впливу на навколишнє середовище та створення стійкого будівельного сектору.
В роботі показано, що потенціальними перевагами вторинного використання бетонних відходів будуть зменшення відходів, викидів CO2,підвищенняенергоефективності виробництва первинного бетону, мінімізація викидів забруднень. Своєю чергою це сприятиме впровадженню засад кругової економіки, на підставі яких повинно відбуватися післявоєнне відновлення, та стимулюванню залучення інноваційних технологій переробки бетонних відходів.
Утилізація бетонних відходів може відбуватися через різні стратегії, такі як сортування та рециклінг, використання вторинного бетону в конструкціях, виробництво вторинного бетону з домішками та співпраця з іншими галузями.
В роботі показано недоліки та переваги кожної стратегії, надано порівняльні характеристики видів рециклінгу, що дає уявлення про доцільність використання кожної стратегії в різних умовах.
Ефективна утилізація бетонних відходів повинна не тільки допомагати зберігати природні ресурси та зменшувати негативний вплив на довкілля, але і мати вагомі економічні переваги, тому в роботі виділено критерії екологічних та економічних факторів, які можуть бути використані при визначенні доцільності тієї чи іншої стратегії утилізації бетонних відходів.
Chronic lead exposure and burden of cardiovascular disease during 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study
Authors: Dang Peizhu , Tang Manyun , Fan Heze , Hao Junjun 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Lead exposure is an important risk factor for CVD. In our study, we aimed to estimate spatial and temporal trends in the burden of cardiovascular disease associated with chronic lead exposure.MethodsThe data collected for our study were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 and analyzed by age, sex, cause, and location. To assess the temporal trends in burden of CVD attributable to chronic lead exposure over 30 years, we used Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsIn 2019, the number of lead exposure-attributable CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were 0.85 and 17.73 million, 1.7 and 1.4 times more than those observed in 1990, respectively. However, the corresponding age-standardized rates (ASR) of death and DALY gradually decreased from 1990 to 2019, especially from 2013 to 2019. Over the last 30 years, among 21 GBD regions and 204 countries and territories, the High-income Asia Pacific and the Republic of Korea experienced the largest reductions in age-standardized DALY and death rates, while Central Asia and Afghanistan experienced the largest increases. Males and the elderly population suffered higher death rates and DALY burdens than females and the young population. Furthermore, we observed that higher socio-demographic index (SDI) regions demonstrated lower ASR of death and DALY rates. In 2019, the low and low-middle SDI regions, especially South Asia, exhibited the highest burden of CVD attributable to lead exposure.ConclusionOur study provides a thorough understanding of the burden of CVD attributable to chronic lead exposure. The findings confirm the significance of implementing lead mitigation strategies and increasing investment in CVD prevention and treatment. These measures are crucial in reducing the burden of CVD and promoting public health on a global scale.
Cultural considerations for the second language writing anxiety inventory: Saudi Arabian female university students
Authors: Waked Arifi N. , El-Moussa Omar , Pilotti Maura A. E. , Al-Mulhem Huda , El Alaoui Khadija , Ahmed Reem 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThis study examines the applicability of the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) to a population of 857 native Arabic-speaking Saudi Arabian female university students learning English as a foreign language (EFL).MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups. The first of these consisted of 430 students who participated in the testing portion of the study. The second group consisted of 427 students who participated in the replication portion of this study. The instrument used was the Second Language Writing Anxiety Index (SLWAI). Exploratory factor analysis was first conducted on the testing group to determine which items of this instrument applied to this population. A second factor analysis was then used to confirm the results found with the testing group.ResultsSLWAI is typically used to assess the degree of EFL writing anxiety across three dimensions: somatic anxiety, avoidance behavior, and cognitive anxiety. However, factor analysis of the data collected from both groups revealed that these dimensions are not entirely pertinent to the population studied. The three dimensions that emerged are somatic anxiety and two distinct aspects of cognitive anxiety: proficiency anxiety and appraisal anxiety. No evidence of avoidance behavior was found.DiscussionThese results suggest that the dimensions measured by the SLWAI may not be universal across differing sociocultural populations. This highlights the importance of assessing anxiety in individual populations with consideration to the unique circumstances in which they learn to write in English as a foreign language. By determining unique aspects of writing anxiety in differing populations, EFL instructors may be better able to identify and then target the needs of their students as they work through the process of developing English-language writing skills.
Low-voltage characteristic voltage based fault distance estimation method of distribution network
Authors: Huang Chongbin , He Haipeng , Wang Ying , Miao Rixian , Ke Zhouzhi , Chen Kai 
Published: April 2024

The traditional medium-voltage distribution network fault location method uses mainly the voltage and current measurements of the medium-voltage side, which results in problems such as high installation costs at the measuring points and complicated postoperation and maintenance work. Therefore, a fault location idea based on the distributed measurement of low-voltage side voltage is proposed in this paper. First, the characteristic voltage is adaptively selected according to the fault type. Second, the suspected fault section is determined by comparing the characteristic voltage amplitude of each measuring point. Third, the fault section is located using the section unit characteristic voltage drop defined for each suspected fault section. Finally, fault distance estimation is achieved based on the voltage difference matrix and characteristic voltage analysis. This method achieves accurate fault distance identification based on the distribution difference of the characteristic voltage of the low-voltage side under the fault state. This work provides a new economical and practical idea for determining the fault locations of distribution networks. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated by considering a 10 kV distribution network in Guangdong Province built in PSCAD/EMTDC.
Identification of a novel ANK1 gene variant c.1504-9G>A and its mechanism of intron retention in hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Xiong Ting , Xu Zhongjin , Wan Qian , Chen Feng , Ye Yao , Wang Hong , Wu Chongjun 
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to pinpoint pathogenic genes and assess the mutagenic pathogenicity in two pediatric patients with hereditary spherocytosis.Methods: We utilized whole-exome sequencing (WES) for individual analysis (case 1) and family-based trio analysis (case 2). The significance of the intronic mutation was validated through a Minigene splicing assay and supported by subsequent in vitro experiments.Results: Both probands received a diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis. WES identified a novel ANK1 c.1504-9G&gt;A mutation in both patients, causing the retention of seven nucleotides at the 5′ end of intron 13, as substantiated by the Minigene assay. This variant results in a premature stop codon and the production of a truncated protein. In vitro studies indicated a reduced expression of the ANK1 gene.Conclusion: The novel ANK1 c.1504-9G&gt;A variant is established as the causative factor for hereditary spherocytosis, with the c.1504-9G site functioning as a splicing receptor.
Diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis and other genital infections in young South African women: challenges in the syndromic approach
Authors: Søfteland Solrun , Sebitloane Motshedisi , Galappaththi-Arachchige Hashini Nilushika , Kleppa Elisabeth , Holmen Sigve , Pillay Pavitra , Ndhlovu Patrica Doris , Taylor Myra , Vennervald Birgitte Jyding , Naidoo Saloshni , Staff Anne Cathrine , Makua Manala , Gundersen Svein Gunnar , Kjetland Eyrun Floerecke 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionFemale genital schistosomiasis is a common but neglected disease, which results in symptoms similar to sexually transmitted infections in Schistosoma haematobium-endemic areas of Africa and Middle East. In primary healthcare of low-income countries, healthcare professionals use syndromic management protocols for guidance when treating symptoms of genital infection, due to lack of laboratory resources. These protocols do not include treatment for female genital schistosomiasis, despite the overlap of symptoms. Women are at risk of not receiving the appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate challenges and missed opportunities when using syndromic management protocols for sexually transmitted infections in female genital schistosomiasis-endemic areas.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from a large cross-sectional prevalence study conducted in 2011 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Young women in schistosomiasis-endemic areas were asked about genital symptoms and underwent laboratory testing and gynecological examinations to look for common genital infections including female genital schistosomiasis. We used the current South African syndromic management protocols as the basis and analyzed the associations between the reported genital symptoms and the differential diagnoses with logistic regression.ResultsBy use of the syndromic approach the conditions gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and herpes could be identified. The symptom “lower abdominal pain” was significantly associated with documented female genital schistosomiasis. However, the same association was not found with gonorrhea or chlamydia. We found no significant association between reported vaginal discharge syndrome and female genital schistosomiasis or between genital ulcer syndrome and female genital schistosomiasis.DiscussionFemale genital schistosomiasis frequently co-exists with, and mimics other genital infections in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The management protocols in schistosomiasis endemic countries should include advice on how to diagnose and manage this chronic, waterborne genital condition. There is an urgent need to upscale laboratory and diagnostic resources in low-and middle-income countries and specifically schistosomiasis-endemic areas, to diagnose these common genital infections more accurately and to treat affected women accordingly.
The efficacy of nasal administration of esketamine in patients having moderate-to-severe pain after preoperative CT-guided needle localization: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Xu Jiangning , Jian Jin , Zhang Yunyun , Wu Jingxiang , Qiu Yuwei 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundWhether nasal administration of esketamine can provide effective analgesia is unclear in patients with acute pain after preoperative CT-guided needle localization.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, patients were assigned to receive either nasal administration of esketamine (0.3 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg) or saline (identical in appearance to esketamine) when they had visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores &gt;3/10 during deep breathing after preoperative CT-guided needle localization. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with satisfactory pain relief, which was defined as VAS pain scores ≤3/10 measured 15 min after intranasal of esketamine or saline. Secondary outcomes included VAS measured following esketamine or saline, the incidence and cumulative dose of rescue hydromorphone use, and related adverse events.ResultsA total of 90 patients were included in the final analysis. Following intranasal treatment, the percentage of patients with satisfactory pain relief was 16.7% (5/30) in the saline group, 56.7% (17/30) in the 0.3 mg/kg esketamine group, and 53.3% (16/30) in the 0.5 mg/kg esketamine group (p = 0.002). The median VAS during deep breathing was less after the intranasal administration of esketamine {median (IQR), 3 (3, 5) in 0.3 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg esketamine compared to the saline group [5 (4, 6)], p = 0.009}. The incidence of rescue hydromorphone use was detected less in the esketamine group compared to the saline group (43.3% in the 0.3 mg/kg esketamine group, 36.7% in the 0.5 mg/kg esketamine group, and 73.3% in the saline group, p = 0.010). The adverse events were similar among the three groups (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionIntranasal administration of esketamine is easier and more effective in alleviating acute pain in patients after preoperative CT-guided needle localization without significant adverse effects.
Screening performance of COPD-PS scale, COPD-SQ scale, peak expiratory flow, and their combinations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the primary healthcare in Haicang District, Xiamen City
Authors: Shen Xueting , Yang Hua , Lan Chengdian , Tang Fen , Lin Qinfei , Chen Yingjie , Wu Jinxiang , Chen Xionghua , Pan Zhigang 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the screening performance of COPD-PS questionnaire, COPD-SQ questionnaire, peak expiratory flow (PEF), COPD-PS questionnaire combined with PEF, and COPD-SQ questionnaire combined with PEF for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. We distributed self-designed surveys and COPD screening scales (COPD-PS questionnaire and COPD-SQ questionnaire) to residents who underwent physical examination in five community health centers in Haicang District, Xiamen City, from February 2023 to May 2023, and measured their lung function and PEF with a portable device. We used logistic regression to obtain the coefficients of COPD-PS questionnaire, COPD-SQ questionnaire, and PEF, and plotted the receiver operating characteristic curves of each tool for diagnosing COPD and moderate-to-severe COPD. We evaluated and compared the optimal cut-off points and scores of sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and area under the curve (AUC) values, and assessed the screening efficiency of different methods.ResultsOf the 3,537 residents who completed the COPD-SQ questionnaire, COPD-PS questionnaire, and spirometry, 840 were diagnosed with COPD. We obtained the coefficients of COPD-PS questionnaire combined with peak expiratory flow (PEF), and COPD-SQ questionnaire combined with PEF, by logistic regression as −0.479-0.358 × PEF +0.321 × COPD-PS score and − 1.286-0.315 × PEF +0.125 × COPD-SQ score, respectively. The sensitivity of diagnosing COPD by COPD-SQ questionnaire, COPD-PS questionnaire, PEF, COPD-PS questionnaire combined with PEF, and COPD-SQ questionnaire combined with PEF were 0.439, 0.586, 0.519, 0.586, 0.612 respectively, and the specificity were 0.725, 0.621, 0.688, 0.689, 0.663 respectively, with ROC values of 0.606 (95%CI: 0.586–0.626), 0.640 (0.619–0.661), 0.641 (0.619–0.663), 0.678 (0.657–0.699), 0.685 (0.664–0.706) respectively. The sensitivity of diagnosing GOLD II and above by COPD-SQ questionnaire, COPD-PS questionnaire, PEF, COPD-PS questionnaire combined with PEF, and COPD-SQ questionnaire combined with PEF were 0.489, 0.620, 0.665, 0.630, 0.781 respectively, and the specificity were 0.714, 0.603, 0.700, 0.811, 0.629 respectively, with ROC values of 0.631 (95%CI: 0.606–0.655), 0.653 (0.626–0.679), 0.753 (0.730–0.777), 0.784 (0.762–0.806), 0.766 (0.744–0.789) respectively.ConclusionOur study found that the accuracy of COPD screening by COPD-SQ questionnaire and COPD-PS questionnaire can be improved by combining the results of PEF. The screening performance of COPD-SQ questionnaire combined with PEF is relatively better. In future research, further studies are needed to optimize the performance of screening tools and understand whether their use will affect clinical outcomes.
Whole-genome resequencing and transcriptional profiling association analysis revealed the intraspecies difference response to oligosaccharides utilization in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
Authors: Lan Zhenghui , Zhang Xueling , Xu Meng , Kong Junkai , Zuo Xuancheng , Wang Yixuan , Wang Chenxi , Teng Yingdi , Ni Yongqing , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAs prebiotics, oligosaccharides are frequently combined with Bifidobacterium to develop synbiotic products. However, a highly diverse gene repertoire of Bifidobacterium is involved in sugar catabolism, and even phylogenetically close species may differ in their sugar utilization capabilities. To further explore the mechanism underlying the differences in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis oligosaccharide metabolism.MethodsThis study screened strains with differential oligosaccharide metabolism. Subsequently, these strains were subjected to genome-wide resequencing and RT-qPCR.ResultsThe resequencing results indicated that the subspecies of B. animalis subsp. lactis had a high genome similarity. The RT-qPCR results revealed that glycosidase genes exhibited consistency in the phenotype of metabolism at the transcriptional level; the better the growth of the strains on the oligosaccharides, the higher was the expression of glycosidase genes related to the oligosaccharides. Our results suggested that the differences in the gene transcription levels led to intraspecies differences in the ability of the strains to metabolize oligosaccharides even when they belonged to the same subspecies.DiscussionFuture studies with more sample size could generalizable the conclusion to all B. animalis subsp. lactis strains, thus would lay the theoretical foundation for the utilization of the B. animalis subsp. lactis strain as probiotics and the development of synbiotic products.
Analysis of spinal muscular atrophy carrier screening results in 32,416 pregnant women and 7,231 prepregnant women
Authors: Zhou Bing-bo , Chen Xue , Zhang Chuan , Wang Yu-pei , Ma Pan-pan , Hao Sheng-ju , Hui Ling , Bai Yun-fei 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease that is one of the most common in childhood neuromuscular disorders. Our screenings are more meaningful programs in preventing birth defects, providing a significant resource for healthcare professionals, genetic counselors, and policymakers involved in designing strategies to prevent and manage SMA.MethodWe screened 39,647 participants from 2020 to the present by quantitative real-time PCR, including 7,231 pre-pregnancy participants and 32,416 pregnancy participants, to detect the presence of SMN1 gene EX7 and EX8 deletion in the DNA samples provided by the subjects. To validate the accuracy of our findings, we also utilized the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to confirm the reliability of screening results obtained by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultAmong the 39,647 participants who were screened, 726 participants were the carriers of SMN1. The overall carrier rate was calculated to be 1.83% (95% confidence interval: 0.86–2.8%). After undergoing screening, a total of 592 pregnancy carriers were provided with genetic counseling and only 503 of their spouses (84.97, 95% confidence interval: 82.09–87.85%) voluntarily underwent SMA screening.ConclusionThis study provides crucial insights into the prevalence and distribution of SMA carriers among the female population. The identification of 726 asymptomatic carriers highlights the necessity of comprehensive screening programs to identify at-risk individuals and ensure appropriate interventions are in place to minimize the impact of SMA-related conditions.