bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimode chromatography‐based techniques for high purity isolation of extracellular vesicles from human blood plasma
Authors: Zimmerman Alan J. , de Oliveira Getulio Pereira , Su Xianyi , Wood Jacqueline , Fu Zhengxin , Pinckney Brandy , Tigges John , Ghiran Ionita , Ivanov Alexander R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in various biological pathways, such as immune responses and the progression of diseases, including cancer. However, it is challenging to isolate EVs at high purity from blood plasma and other biofluids due to their low abundance compared to more predominant biomolecular species such as lipoprotein particles and free protein complexes. Ultracentrifugation‐based EV isolation, the current gold standard technique, cannot overcome this challenge due to the similar biophysical characteristics of such species. We developed several novel approaches to enrich EVs from plasma while depleting contaminating molecular species using multimode chromatography‐based strategies. On average, we identified 716 ± 68 and 1054 ± 35 protein groups in EV isolates from 100 µL of plasma using multimode chromatography‐ and ultracentrifugation‐based techniques, respectively. The developed methods resulted in similar EV isolates purity, providing significant advantages in simplicity, throughput, scalability, and applicability for various downstream analytical and potential clinical applications.
Some pyrroles as inhibitors of the pentose phosphate pathways enzymes: An in vitro and molecular docking study
Authors: Özaslan Muhammet Serhat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) are pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. Compounds with a heterocyclic pyrrole ring system containing this atom can be derivatized with various functional groups into highly effective bioactive agents. In this study, pyrrole derivatives on these enzyme's activity were investigated. The IC50 values of different concentrations of pyrrole derivatives for G6PD were found in the range of 0.022–0.221 mM Ki values 0.021 ± 0.003–0.177 ± 0.021 and for 6PGD IC50 values 0.020–0.147, mM Ki values 0.013 ± 0.002–0.113 ± 0.030 mM. The 2‐acetyl‐1‐methylpyrrole (1g) showed the best inhibition value for G6PD and 6PGD enzymes. In addition, in silico molecular docking experiments were performed to elucidate how these pyrrole derivatives (1a–g) interact with the binding sites of the target enzymes. The study's findings on pyrrole derivatives could be used to create innovative therapeutics that could be a treatment for many diseases, especially cancer manifestations.
Advanced tree‐seed optimization based fractional‐order PID controller design for simplified decoupled industrial tank systems
Authors: Kottayathu Rajagopalan Achu Govind , Mahapatra Subhasish , Mahapatro Soumya Ranjan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractControlling coupled tank systems is challenging due to interactions between tanks, nonlinear dynamics, time delays, uncertainties, and cross‐coupling effects. The design of effective control strategies to address these complexities while ensuring stability and robust performance is difficult. Hence, this study focuses on presenting an innovative approach to enhance level control in coupled tank systems by employing a fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative (FOPID) controller. The FOPID controller is designed by imposing constraints on the performance metric and closed‐loop gain. Besides, the defined optimization problem is solved by employing a tree seed algorithm. Further, the stability is analyzed graphically using the singular value analysis. The inherent complexities of coupled tank systems are effectively addressed by designing decouplers. The unique characteristics of the tree seed algorithm to navigate complex solution spaces and its effective handling of constraints offer a robust optimization framework. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are analyzed in a range of simulation experiments conducted on distinct interconnected tank systems. Besides, the stability is verified graphically. The analysis highlights the effectiveness of the control law in handling uncertainties and disturbances. Besides, the proposed method reduces the settling time to around . Through a systematic integration of optimization and comprehensive stability analysis, the study provides a holistic solution for optimizing level control in coupled tank systems.
Development of a SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization assay based on a pseudotyped virus using a HIV system
Authors: Liang Ziteng , Tong Jincheng , Wu Xi , Liu Shuo , Wu Jiajing , Yu Yuanling , Zhang Li , Zhao Chenyan , Lu Qiong , Nie Jianhui , Huang Weijin , Wang Youchun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRegarding the extensive global attention to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that constitutes an international public health emergency, pseudovirus neutralization assays have been widely applied due to their advantages of being able to be conducted in biosafety level 2 laboratories and having a high safety factor. In this study, by adding a blue fluorescent protein (AmCyan) gene to the HIV system pSG3‐△env backbone plasmid HpaI and truncating the C‐terminal 21 amino acids of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (S), high‐titer SARS‐CoV‐2‐Sdel21‐AmCyan fluorescent pseudovirus was successfully packaged. The fluorescent pseudovirus was used to establish a neutralization assay in a 96‐well plate using 293T cells stably transfected with the AF cells. Then, parameters such as the ratio of backbone and membrane plasmid, sensitive cells, inoculation of cells and virus, as well as incubation and detection time were optimized. The pseudovirus neutralization assay demonstrated high accuracy, sensitivity, repeatability, and a strong correlation with the luminescent pseudovirus neutralization assay. Additionally, we scaled up the neutralizing antibody determination method by increasing the plate size from 96 wells to 384 wells. We have established a robust fluorescent pseudotyped virus neutralization assay for SARS‐CoV‐2 using the HIV system, providing a foundation for serum neutralization antibody detection, monoclonal antibody screening, and vaccine development.
Transfer of disulfide bond formation modules via yeast artificial chromosomes promotes the expression of heterologous proteins in Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Wu Pingping , Mo Wenjuan , Tian Tian , Song Kunfeng , Lyu Yilin , Ren Haiyan , Zhou Jungang , Yu Yao , Lu Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKluyveromyces marxianus is a food‐safe yeast with great potential for producing heterologous proteins. Improving the yield in K. marxianus remains a challenge and incorporating large‐scale functional modules poses a technical obstacle in engineering. To address these issues, linear and circular yeast artificial chromosomes of K. marxianus (KmYACs) were constructed and loaded with disulfide bond formation modules from Pichia pastoris or K. marxianus. These modules contained up to seven genes with a maximum size of 15 kb. KmYACs carried telomeres either from K. marxianus or Tetrahymena. KmYACs were transferred successfully into K. marxianus and stably propagated without affecting the normal growth of the host, regardless of the type of telomeres and configurations of KmYACs. KmYACs increased the overall expression levels of disulfide bond formation genes and significantly enhanced the yield of various heterologous proteins. In high‐density fermentation, the use of KmYACs resulted in a glucoamylase yield of 16.8 g/l, the highest reported level to date in K. marxianus. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of cells containing KmYACs suggested increased flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, enhanced flux entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a preferred demand for lysine and arginine as features of cells overexpressing heterologous proteins. Consistently, supplementing lysine or arginine further improved the yield. Therefore, KmYAC provides a powerful platform for manipulating large modules with enormous potential for industrial applications and fundamental research. Transferring the disulfide bond formation module via YACs proves to be an efficient strategy for improving the yield of heterologous proteins, and this strategy may be applied to optimize other microbial cell factories.
A nonlinear finite viscoelastic formulation relative to the viscous intermediate configuration applied to plants
Authors: Platen Jakob , Pauls Bennett , Anantheswar Atul , Lautenschläger Thea , Neinhuis Christoph , Kaliske Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the contribution at hand, a new formulation for finite strain viscosity relative to the viscous intermediate configuration is presented. The evolution of the viscous deformations is based upon a new numerical approach, which allows for a consistent consideration of anisotropic finite strain viscoelasticity, according to the authors knowledge. A standard Maxwell model is used to describe viscous behaviour at finite deformations. Furthermore, the orthotropic Yeoh material model is extended to include a distinction between behaviour under tensile and compression loading. The proposed formulation is validated, and parameters of the model are identified by material tests on Sorghum bicolor plants. Subsequently, numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the model. In general, the proposed Yeoh material formulation is shown to accurately represent the inability of fibres to carry compression loading. Furthermore, the viscoelastic approach, developed relative to the viscous intermediate configuration, is demonstrated to be capable of producing plausible results. Additionally, the mechanical behaviour of Sorghum bicolor plants is simulated using the introduced formulation. The results show that the contribution at hand describes a novel methodology to simulate the viscoelastic behaviour of plant materials reliably.
The Effect of Surgical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Arterial Tonometry
Authors: Tangutur Akshay , Cai Yi , Seay Everett G. , Thaler Erica R. , Keenan Brendan T. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of upper airway surgery on cardiovascular function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignA prospective, self‐controlled study from 2018 to 2023.SettingTwo academic medical centers.MethodsSeventy‐four patients underwent surgery for OSA, including: tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, epiglottidectomy, modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, maxillary expansion, and maxillomandibular advancement. Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP), peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT)‐based home sleep study, and sleep‐related patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were captured preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Paired T‐tests evaluated changes in outcomes after surgery.ResultsForty‐one patients successfully completed preoperative and postoperative assessments. Patients were generally middle‐aged (43.8 ± 12.5 years), obese (BMI 33.0 ± 5.8 kg/m2), male (68%), White (71%), and had severe OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] 33.9 ± 29.5 events/h). The 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) decreased from 30.7 ± 27.1 to 12.2 ± 13.6 events/h (P < .01) after surgery. There was no significant difference in 24‐h BP following surgery, though clinically meaningful reductions in nocturnal systolic (−1.95 [−5.34, 1.45] mmHg) and nocturnal diastolic (−2.30 [−5.11, 0.52] mmHg) blood pressure were observed. Stratified analysis showed patients undergoing skeletal surgery (n = 17) demonstrated larger average reductions compared to those undergoing soft tissue surgery in nocturnal systolic (−4.12 [−7.72, −0.51] vs −0.10 [−5.78, 5.58] mmHg) and nocturnal diastolic (−3.94 [−7.90, 0.01] vs −0.90 [−5.11, 3.31] mmHg) pressures. No meaningful changes were observed in PAT Autonomic Index (PAI) measurements.ConclusionSurgical therapy for OSA did not demonstrate statistically significant improvements in 24‐h BP. However, clinically meaningful reductions in nocturnal BP were observed, particularly in skeletal surgery patients, supporting the need for larger studies of cardiovascular outcomes following OSA surgery.
Effect of fixed carbon on the interfacial compatibility of coal gangue/polyethylene composites was investigated using anthracite as a model compound
Authors: Li Chao , Liao Hongqiang , Gao Hongyu , Cheng Fangqin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoal gangue (CG), a byproduct of coal mining, integrated with polyethylene (PE) offers potential in diverse applications. However, ensuring compatibility between CG and PE remains a challenge due to CG's complex nature. This study explores the influence of fixed carbon, represented by high‐carbon‐content anthracite, on the interface of CG/PE composites. Comprehensive investigations were conducted on physical, mechanical, thermal, microstructural, and chemical aspects. Results revealed that increasing carbon content positively impacted density and hardness while enhancing bending strength and modulus, albeit at a cost of reduced tensile strength. When the C content reached 80%, the hardness and density increased from 50.5 HD and 0.93 g cm−3 to 62.4 HD and 1.18 g cm−3, which were 23.6% and 26.9% higher, respectively. Meanwhile, the bending strength and bending modulus reached 17.2 and 1582.4 MPa, which were 53.6% and 239.1% higher than those of the composites prepared from pure PE (11.2 and 466.7 MPa), respectively. However, the tensile strength decreased by 48.7% from 11.7 to 6.0 MPa. Moderate carbon content positively affected thermal stability, yet higher concentrations posed stability challenges. Microstructural analyses unveiled varied interfacial morphologies, shedding light on carbon's role in enhancing material rigidity and hardness. Surface chemical studies suggested physical entanglement between carbon and PE. Additionally, varying carbon content influenced crystallization, elevating crystallinity and impacting mechanical properties. The findings underscore carbon's potential in reinforcing composite materials. This research provides insights into optimizing CG/PE composites and addressing CG treatment challenges.Highlights
Unveiled relationships between fixed carbon and properties in composites.
The structure was studied qualitatively and quantitatively by XRD.
The anthracite‐C substitution in composite preparation was unraveled.
Synthesis and characterization of perfluorocyclopentene‐thioether polymers
Authors: Bishop Alexis , Balmaceda Eve , Iacono Scott T. , Jennings Abby R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDue to their unique properties and use in high performance materials, the ability to obtain fluorinated polymers utilizing straightforward synthetic methods remains of interest. In this study, we report the facile synthesis of new fluoropolymers via nucleophilic addition of a di‐thiol to perfluorocyclopentene. Initially, model studies were completed with perfluorocyclopentene, benzenethiol and tetramethylsilane‐protected benzenethiol to identify the optimal reaction conditions for the polymerization. These reaction conditions were then utilized to prepare perfluorocyclopentene‐thioether polymers from perfluorocyclopentene and 4,4′‐thiobisbenzenethiol. The isolated polymers had molecular weight distributions consistent with step‐growth polymers and 19F NMR spectroscopy revealed that the addition of the nucleophile to perfluorocyclopentene was controlled. Analysis by DSC showed that the polymers were amorphous with glass transition temperatures around 65 °C. TGA in both air and nitrogen showed an initial degradation temperature around 370 °C, while the air analysis produced an additional plateau with a degradation temperature near 592 °C. This is the first known report of utilizing perfluorocyclopentene for the preparation of perfluorinated‐thioether polymers. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Von Schwimmern und Schwärmen
Authors: Iyer Priyanka , Gompper Gerhard 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungWie schwimmen Mikroorganismen in einer meist wässrigen Umgebung? Für sie erweist sich Wasser als so zähes Medium, dass sie nach einer Schwimmbewegung nicht weitergleiten. Ursache ist eine geringe Trägheit im Verhältnis zu einer relativ hohen Viskosität. Unter den Mikroorganismen gibt es im Wesentlichen zwei Typen: Pusher besitzen ihren Antrieb am Hinter‐, Puller am Vorderende. Auch das Schwarmverhalten von Mikroschwimmern wird teilweise durch die Gesetze der Mikrowelt bestimmt. So können sie die Brownsche Molekularbewegung aktiv zum Ansteuern eines Ziels nutzen. Doch es gibt auch viele Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Schwarmverhalten größerer Teilnehmer. Wie Massenkarambolagen beim Autoscooter oder Staus gibt es auch unter Bakterien das Phänomen der bewegungsinduzierten Aggregation. Ein Forschungsfeld ist die Simulation des Schwarmverhaltens, für das auch die Erkennung der Umgebung und Selbstadaption der Bewegung wichtig sind. Diese Simulationen sind für viele medizinische und technische Anwendungen interessant, zum Beispiel für den Transport medizinischer Wirkstoffe im Körper.
Proinsulin folding and trafficking defects trigger a common pathological disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis
Authors: Arunagiri Anoop , Alam Maroof , Haataja Leena , Draz Hassan , Alasad Bashiyer , Samy Praveen , Sadique Nadeed , Tong Yue , Cai Ying , Shakeri Hadis , Fantuzzi Federica , Ibrahim Hazem , Jang Insook , Sidarala Vaibhav , Soleimanpour Scott A. , Satin Leslie S. , Otonkoski Timo , Cnop Miriam , Itkin‐Ansari Pamela , Kaufman Randal J. , Liu Ming , Arvan Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrimary defects in folding of mutant proinsulin can cause dominant‐negative proinsulin accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), impaired anterograde proinsulin trafficking, perturbed ER homeostasis, diminished insulin production, and β‐cell dysfunction. Conversely, if primary impairment of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking (which also perturbs ER homeostasis) drives misfolding of nonmutant proinsulin—this might suggest bi‐directional entry into a common pathological phenotype (proinsulin misfolding, perturbed ER homeostasis, and deficient ER export of proinsulin) that can culminate in diminished insulin storage and diabetes. Here, we've challenged β‐cells with conditions that impair ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking, and devised an accurate means to assess the relative abundance of distinct folded/misfolded forms of proinsulin using a novel nonreducing SDS‐PAGE/immunoblotting protocol. We confirm abundant proinsulin misfolding upon introduction of a diabetogenic INS mutation, or in the islets of db/db mice. Whereas blockade of proinsulin trafficking in Golgi/post‐Golgi compartments results in intracellular accumulation of properly‐folded proinsulin (bearing native disulfide bonds), impairment of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking (regardless whether such impairment is achieved by genetic or pharmacologic means) results in decreased native proinsulin with more misfolded proinsulin. Remarkably, reversible ER‐to‐Golgi transport defects (such as treatment with brefeldin A or cellular energy depletion) upon reversal quickly restore the ER folding environment, resulting in the disappearance of pre‐existing misfolded proinsulin while preserving proinsulin bearing native disulfide bonds. Thus, proper homeostatic balance of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking is linked to a more favorable proinsulin folding (as well as trafficking) outcome.
Exploring T‐Duality for Self‐Dual Fields
Authors: Chakrabarti Subhroneel , Raman Madhusudhan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAvatars of T‐duality within Sen's formalism for self‐dual field strengths in various dimensions are studied. This formalism is shown to naturally accommodate the T‐duality relation between Type IIA/IIB theories when compactified on a circle without the need for imposing the self‐duality constraint by hand, as is usually done. The study of this formalism is continued on two‐dimensional target spacetimes and its study as a worldsheet theory is initiated. In particular, it is shown that Sen's action provides a natural worldsheet‐based understanding of twisted and asymmetrically twisted strings. Finally, it is shown that the ‐deformed theory of left‐ and right‐chiral bosons described in Sen's formalism possesses a scaling limit that is related via field‐theoretic T‐duality to a recently studied integrable deformation of quantum mechanics.
Safe migration: Re‐embedding as anticipatory, de‐territorial governance
Authors: Molland Sverre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2019, the United Nations (UN) promulgated the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration which charts the UN's global migration policy strategy, affording central importance to safety in migration. This ascendant focus on safe migration is echoed in a range of national and regional policy initiatives. Despite the policy enthusiasm for safe migration, to date, there is a dearth of critical scholarly attention to this policy shift. This paper builds on 7 years of ethnographic research on safe migration interventions in mainland Southeast Asia. Centring on the Mekong region, this paper examines two interlocking effects of safe migration policy instrumentalisation. On the one hand, safe migration discourse' spatio‐temporal underpinnings dispositions programmes to gravitate towards policy abstractions. Yet, in practice, safe migration interventions heavily depend on informal constellations of sociality, where migrants become re‐embedded as both objects and instruments of policy.
Role of Iridium in n‐Pentane Isomerization, Cyclohexane Ring Opening, and Cumene Cracking Over Ir/Pt‐HZSM5
Authors: Setiabudi H. D. , Abdulkadir B. A. , Jalil A. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProducing aromatic compounds sustainably from renewable sources is essential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. This study aims to elucidate the multifunctional behavior of Ir on Pt‐HZSM5, and their influence on the catalytic activity of n‐pentane isomerization, cyclohexane ring opening, and cumene cracking. The results showed that Ir created another active and Lewis's acid site, which increased the acid sites (H+), thus enhancing the catalytic performance of Pt‐HZSM5. Moreover, Ir inhibited the atomic hydrogen bonding interaction and hence improved the main reaction and suppressed the side reaction. Therefore, the mechanism of the main reaction over Ir/Pt‐HZSM5 can be described as the following steps: (i) Interaction of reactant with H+; (ii) Reaction of carbenium ion intermediate; and (iii) Interaction of a carbenium ion intermediate with H−, followed by desorption. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate catalytic pathways, offering insights into the design of efficient multifunctional catalysts for various petrochemical applications.