bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative changes in anthocyanin pigments of Vitis vinifera cv monastrell during maturation
Authors: Fernández‐López Jose A , Hidalgo Venancio , Almela Luis , Roca Jose M López 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe evolution of anthocyanin pigments of a Monastrell grape (Vitis vinifera L) cultivar during maturation has been assessed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Only anthocyanin 3‐glucosides and their p‐coumaryl esters were detected in the skin extracts of this cultivar. Total anthocyanin content increased from 310.25 mg kg−1 fresh weight at the beginning of ripening (20 August) to 1139.83 mg kg−1 when the grapes reached physiological maturity (24 September). Monoglucoside pigments accounted for between 87 and 82% of the total pigment content, and malvidin‐3‐glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin throughout the sampling period. Peonin‐derived pigments were least abundant at the beginning of ripening, but at maturity the cyanidin derivative content was the lowest.
Effect of storage and cooking on the dose response of 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone, a potential marker for irradiated chicken
Authors: Crone Anne V J , Hamilton John T G , Stevenson Mary H 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResults are presented indicating a linear relationship between irradiation dose (1–10 kGy) and the amount of 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone produced in chicken meat. After storage for 18 days at 4°C this linear relationship with dose persisted although there was a slight decrease in the concentration of the compound. 2‐Dodecylcyclobutanone was not generated by cooking and, despite a reduction in the amount of the compound in chicken meat cooked either before or after irradiation, it still proved to be a useful marker for the irradiated product. The compound was not detected in spoiled chicken meat.
Utilisation of a yeast pectinase in olive oil extraction and red wine making processes
Authors: Servili Maurizio , Begliomini Alberto L , Montedoro Gianfrancesco , Petruccioli Maurizio , Federici Federico 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe possibility of using an endo‐polygalacturonase produced by the yeast Cryptococcus albidus var albidus (yeast pectinase) in the mechanical olive oil extraction process and in the production of red wine was investigated.Compared with the control and olive pastes treated with a commercial enzyme preparation, an increase in oil yield was achieved by treatment with the yeast pectic preparation. Also, the finished oil quality (turbidity, oxidation induction time, chlorophyll, and the content of polyphenols and aromatic compounds) was generally better.Treatment of red musts with yeast pectinase resulted in an improved aromatic profile in the wines, even in the absence of an increase in colour intensity. Moreover, the use of the yeast pectinase did not cause any particular increase in the methanol content of the finished wines.
Participatory soil and water conservation planning using an erosion mapping tool in the central highlands of Kenya
Authors: Okoba B. O. , Tenge A. J. , Sterk G. , Stroosnijder L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDespite several approaches that aimed at mobilising East African farmers to embrace soil and water conservation (SWC) activities, farmers hardly responded since they were seldom involved in the planning of SWC activities. Two tools that employ farmers' participation were developed and applied at Gikuuri catchment in Kenya. The first tool involved farmers to map soil erosion using their own indicators and determine the soil erosion status at catchment scale. This formed the basis upon which they undertook to plan for SWC measures at catchment scale. Farmers also predicted crop yield losses based on the soil erosion status. Farmers widely approved the soil erosion status map since their own indicators and perceptions were used. The second tool provided cash flow trends for a variety of SWC activities and farmer situations. Farmers can use land with a high, moderate or low erosion status and often have rather different socio‐economic settings. The net benefits over 5 yr for bench terraces, fanya juu terraces and grass strips were illustrated to assist farmers in making informed decisions on SWC adoption. The two tools increased awareness on the need for collective actions among farmers and showed fields that cause run‐on on downslope fields. The improved awareness of erosion problems and the related financial consequences increased farmers' willingness to share the investment costs for cut‐off drains. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New burst test method for comparing strengths of blood vessel repairs
Authors: Klein Sanford L. , Israel Jaimie E. , Kronengold Russell T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn in vivo system was developed which allows researchers to determine the intraluminal pressures necessary to burst anastomosed blood vessels. Rat femoral arteries underwent standard microsurgical anastomoses and sham surgeries. After 6 min of leak‐free blood flow, the vessels were ligated and cannulated with PE 50 tubing. The catheter was tied into position with 6–0 suture, constructing a water‐tight balloon of tissue inclusive of the repair site around the tubing, then attached via a “Y” adapter to a pressure transducer with a digital readout and to a saline filled syringe in an infusion pump. The digital readout from the transducer accurately expressed the pressure on the anastomosis. The highest pressure recorded when the anastomosis ruptured was taken to be the anastomotic burst pressure. Mean burst pressure for 9 suture anastomoses was 326 mm mercury. All vessel burst pressures exceeded rat mean systolic pressure; 90% exceeded rat maximum systolic pressure. All sham surgeries failed to burst, even at pressures exceeding 1,500 mm Hg. The burst pressure test clearly provides researchers with a valid quantitative measure for in vivo comparison of the efficacies of various anastomotic techniques. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rat tail: A useful model for microvascular training
Authors: Bao Joseph Yue‐Se 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rat femoral vessel model is widely used as the basic model for microvascular training; however, it offers only a limited number of anastomoses and vessel sizes. Rat tail vessels provide long length, almost as long as the tail; adequate diameters, from about 1 mm to 0.2 mm; as well as the economy and a convenient location for practicing microvascular anastomoses. It is also the best choice for anastomosing vessels smaller than 0.5 mm diameter. Using stored, frozen tails harvested from sacrificed rats of other projects makes it even more frugal and convenient. Hence, it is an ideal model for microvascular training. The related anatomy and dissecting method are described and discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified trichrome staining technique of the nerve to determine proximal nerve viability
Authors: Meyer Richard , Claussen Gwendolyn C. , Oh Shin J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNormal myelinated fibers are stained “red” by modified trichrome staining of the frozen section of the nerve. We have used this technique for rapid assessment of the anatomical integrity of the proximal nerve stump by identifying well‐preserved myelinated fibers. This technique can also identify degenerating and degenerated myelinated fibers, fibrosis, and inflammatory cells. We report three cases in which the practical usefulness of this technique is demonstrated. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can quantitative 99mTc‐MDP bone scans be used to predict longitudinal growth of epiphyseal plate allografts after microvascular transplantation? An experimental study
Authors: Boyer Martin I. , Gilday David , Kiral Ahmet , Nolan Liana , Bowen C. Vaughan A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAllograft and autograft microvascular proximal tibial epiphyseal plate transplants were performed in female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits to quantify the growth rate and total growth potential of immunosuppressed and nonimmunosup‐pressed rabbits. The purpose of this experiment is to examine whether the 99mTc‐MDP radionuclide uptake of the transplanted epiphyseal plate at 1 week postoperatively, done to assess anastomotic patency of the transplant, could also serve as a predictor of eventual longitudinal growth of the transplant or replant. All transplants and replants demonstrating positive 99mTc‐MDP uptake in the proximal tibial epiphyseal plate at 1 week showed continued longitudinal growth. The precise amount of 99mTc‐MDP uptake, however, did not correlate with the amount of growth at 3 and 5 weeks follow‐up. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of isovolemic hemodilution with dextran and albumin on thrombus formation in artificial vessel grafts inserted into the abdominal aorta of the rabbit
Authors: Frost‐Arner Lieselotte , Bergqvist David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of isovolemic hemodilution with dextran‐70 and albumin on thrombus formation in artificial arterial grafts were investigated. A polytetrafluoroethylene graft (PTFE, length 13 mm, inner diameter 3 mm) was inserted into the abdominal aorta of rabbits. Three groups of animals were studied; 1) animals receiving isovolemic hemodilution with dextran‐70 (10 ml/kg body weight), 2) animals receiving isovolemic hemodilution with albumin (10 ml/kg body weight), and 3) non‐hemodiluted controls. The blood flow increased by about 70% and 60% after the hemodilution with dextran and albumin, respectively, and remained high in the hemodiluted animals, after insertion of the graft. After 2 days the vessel graft was removed and weighed. The thrombus mass was separately weighed. The results suggest that isovolemic hemodilution with both albumin and dextran is associated with a marked increase in blood flow in the rabbit. Hemodilution with dextran also reduced the amount of thrombus formation on the inner wall of the graft. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reinnervation and neovascularisation in prefabricated free muscle flaps
Authors: Kostakoglu Naci , Terenghi Giorgio , Manek Sanjiv , Batchelor Andrew G. , Polak Julia M. , Green Colin J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, immediate muscle reinnervation in flap prefabrication was investigated and compared with those flaps which were reinnervated after prefabrication. Using the flowthrough wrap‐around technique for neovascularisation, denervated external abdominal oblique random muscle flaps in Lewis rats were either immediately reinnervated by implantation of the epigastric nerve or reinnervated late after free transfer, following the prefabrication period of 15 days. Half of the flaps from each group were microsurgically transferred to isogeneic rats. Thirty days later, the flaps were harvested, and neovascularisation and reinnervation were studied with microangiography and immunohistochemistry using antibodies to protein gene peptide (PGP) 9.5, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Microangiography and quantification of the vWF‐stained vessels in the flaps confirmed increased neovascularisation over a longer time course. Reinnervation was found to have no influence over neovascularisation. Nerve sprouting was present 15 days after nerve implantation to the muscle and became widespread by 30 days. CGRP immunoreactivity, which is thought to have some role in trophic and regulatory processes, was observed only after 30 days of reinnervation. Regardless of the timing and extent of reinnervation, a considerable amount of muscle atrophy was observed in the flaps. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of luminal pore size on the patency rate and endothelialization of polymeric microvenous prostheses
Authors: Hermens R. A. E. C. , Doorn V. A. B. , van der Lei B. , Schakenraad J. M. , Bartels H. L. , Pennings A. J. , Robinson P. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn microvenous prosthetic surgery a continuous search for better patency rates is necessary to enable a clinical application. In this search for better patencies, modifications in the wall structure are being made. Directions found in the literature suggest that pore size plays an important role in achieving better patencies. Thus far, no study has been conducted to evaluate the influence of pore size on the patency rate of polyurethane microvenous prostheses. Since polyurethane is known to yield good patency rates, we conducted this study in which we compared different luminal pore sizes with regard to patency. Pore size varied from 0.6 to 20 μm in microvenous polyurethane‐based prostheses (length 5–6 mm, internal diameter 1 mm). The results showed a favorable patency rate in the pore sizes larger than 5.0 μm (patency 75%) when compared to pore sizes smaller than 2.0 μm (patency 50%). This study demonstrates that microvenous polyurethane‐based prostheses with a luminal pore size larger than 5.0 μm may yield better patency rates than prostheses with a luminal pore size smaller than 5.0 μm. Further studies are currently being performed to elucidate the very reasons for this effect. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on microvascular anastomosis of arteries with absorbable polyglyconate suture
Authors: Huang Gong‐Kang , Li Hao‐Qing , Wu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA synthetic, monofilament, slowly absorbing suture material, polyglyconate suture was tested to determine its suitability for use in microarterial anastomoses under ordinary tension and under undue tension. Microvascular repair of 34 rat femoral arteries averaging 0.63 mm in diameter using 8–0 polyglyconate suture on an atraumatic needle gave an immediate patency rate of 100% and a late patency rate of 94.1% after 1 to 24 weeks. Microanastomoses of 30 rabbit femoral arteries averaging 1.43 mm in diameter using 8–0 polyglyconate suture on an atraumatic needle gave an immediate patency rate of 100% and a late patency rate of 96.7% when a vessel segment of 3 to 7 mm was resected. Morphological studies included light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that polyglyconate suture retains tensile strength for an adequate period to allow vascular healing and causes a less pronounced tissue response than nonabsorbable nylon suture. Complete absorption of the suture material was followed by a complete regeneration of the vessel wall. These results demonstrated that absorbable polyglyconate suture might be suitable for microvascular anastomosis of arteries under ordinary tension and under tension to a certain degree. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histopathology of muscle flap microcirculation following prolonged ischemia
Authors: Siemionow Maria , Manikowski Wladyslaw , Gawronski Mieczyslaw 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate histological changes occurring in the microcirculation of a muscle flap following prolonged ischemia and to correlate them with the flow hemodynamics. The cremaster muscle flap model was used for direct in vivo studies of the microcirculation. In 45 rats, vascular clamps were applied to the iliac and femoral vessels following flap isolation. Flaps were subjected to various periods of ischemia, ranging from 4 to 6 hours, and 2 hr of reperfusion. In vivo observations of the microcirculation and vessel diameter measurements were taken at 1 hour intervals for an 8 hr period. With prolonged ischemia, return of circulation to the flap was delayed and no flow was observed following 6 hr of ischemia. Morphologic changes at 6 hr revealed red cell and platelet thrombi formation within the capillaries, marked dilatation of postcapillary venules, endothelial swelling in the capillaries, and microhemorrhage formation around the venules. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of postischemic reperfusion on microcirculation and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle
Authors: Lee Yi‐Hsuan , Wei Fu‐Chan , Lee Jay , Su Min‐Sheng , Chang Yu‐Cheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo study the effect of ischemia reperfusion injury on microvascular reactivity and tissue metabolism in skeletal muscle, a Sprague‐Dawley rat cremaster muscle was prepared as a tourniquet ischemia model and subjected to 2 hr ischemia followed by 1 hr reperfusion to simulate the timing of ischemia during microvascular surgery. The dose‐response curve of arteriolar reactivity to norepinephrine, lipid peroxidation, and ultrastructure of capillaries was determined in both the control and postischemic reperfusion stages. Judging from the results, we summarize our observations as follows: (1) Postischemic reperfusion significantly increased arteriolar reactivity to norepinephrine, in which the EC50 for vasoconstriction decreased in all three orders of arterioles. These results suggest that reperfusion could have impaired the vasodilation control mechanism, possibly being endothelium dependent. (2) Lipid peroxidation increased sixfold in the reperfusion group, suggesting that oxygen free radicals have produced significant tissue damage under the created conditions. (3) Significant endothelial damage in the capillaries shown by electron microscope observation supports these studies, indicating that ischemia/reperfusion in clinically transplanted skeletal muscles could cause significant damage to the tissue microcirculation both physiologically and metabolically. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercostal nerve crossing to restore elbow flexion and sensibility of the hand for a root avulsion type of brachial plexus injury
Authors: Ogino Toshihiko , Naito Takafumi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen patients with a root avulsion type of brachial plexus injury were treated with simultaneous intercostal nerve crossing to the musculocutaneous and median nerves, and nine cases were followed for more than 40 months. The average interval from injury to surgery was 2.7 months. The average age at operation was 18.6 years. The elbow flexor was M4 in six patients, M3 in two patients, and M1 in one patient. The wrist flexor was more than M3 in six patients and less than M2 in four patients. The finger flexor was more than M3 in four patients and less than M2 in five patients. Protective sensation in the areas innervated by the musculocutaneous and median nerves was restored in all cases. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two immediate synchronous free flap transfers in a severe traumatic mid‐hand defect: A case report
Authors: Lin Chih‐Hung , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 66‐year‐old patient sustained a severe right hand injury resulting in a thumb pulp defect and unreplantable amputation of the index, long, and ring fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint with joint exposure. There was also an 8 cm defect of the radial digital nerve of the little finger. Immediate one‐stage total reconstruction of all of the defects was accomplished by a free groin flap and a free glabrous skin flap from the foot. Opposable function of the hand was thus preserved. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replantation of a large amputated segment of the face: A new technique
Authors: Tanaka Yoshio , Tajima Sadao , Byen Mie , Byen Katsuto , Terao Khoichi , Chikamori Masayuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA microvascular replantation of an amputated large facial segment, using a segment of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and its venae comitantes instead of interpositional vein grafts, is presented, and the advantages of this procedure are discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Harvesting of the latissimus dorsi muscle: A small animal model for seroma formation
Authors: Bacilious Norma , Kulber David A. , Peters Eric D. , Gayle Lloyd B. , Chen Ming J. , Harper Alice D. , Hoffman Lloyd 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA common complication of soft tissue dissection and muscle harvesting is seroma formation. In order to manage and understand the formation of seromas, we developed a small animal model for seromas in the Sprague Dawley rat. Skin flaps and subcutaneous tissue were elevated and the latissimus dorsi muscle was harvested in 20 animals. Eighteen of the 20 rats (90%) formed clinically significant seromas. Sixteen animals had associated skin flap necrosis and 12 required serial drainage for recurrent seromas. At necropsy, gross capsular formation occurred in all animals who developed seromas. Microscopically, a fibrous capsule enveloping the seroma was seen associated with a focal chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. We conclude: (1) Elevation of the latissimus dorsi muscle in the rat is a reliable and practical animal model for seroma formation; (2) Sequelae of clinically significant seromas are often as severe as skin flap necrosis; (3) An inflammatory reaction may be associated with seromas. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatoprotective effects of lupeol and mango pulp extract of carcinogen induced alteration in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Prasad Sahdeo , Kalra Neetu , Shukla Yogeshwer 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLupeol, a triterpene present in mango and other fruits, is known to exhibit a number of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antilithiatic, and antidiabetic effects. In the present study, chemopreventive properties of lupeol and mango pulp extract (MPE) were evaluated against 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced alteration in liver of Swiss albino mice. Lupeol (25 mg/kg body weight, bw) or 1 mL of 20% w/v aqueous MPE/mouse were daily given once for 1 wk after a single dose of DMBA (50 mg/kg bw). Lupeol/MPE supplementation effectively influenced the DMBA induced oxidative stress, characterized by restored antioxidant enzyme activities and decrease in lipid peroxidation. A reduction of apoptotic cell population in the hypodiploid region was observed in lupeol and MPE supplemented animals. The inhibition of apoptosis was preceded by decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and restoration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential followed by decreased DNA fragmentation. In DMBA treated animals, downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 and upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and Caspase 3 in mouse liver was observed. These alterations were restored by lupeol/MPE, indicating inhibition of apoptosis. Thus, lupeol/MPE was found to be effective in combating oxidative stress induced cellular injury of mouse liver by modulating cell‐growth regulators.
Spatial mapping of the chemical shift in NMR
Authors: Mansfield P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn many biological systems, nuclear magnetic resonance chemical‐shift studies of 31P, 13C, and 1H can be of great value as a means of studying metabolic processes in vivo. This information is likely to be of great clinical value in the diagnosis of disease and in the study and monitoring of the effect of drug treatment. This paper discusses two new techniques, based on the echo‐planar imaging (EPI) method. One is the echo‐planar shift mapping (EPSM) technique and the other is a hybrid projection reconstruction‐echo‐planar (PREP) method. Both methods may be used to obtain complete chemical‐shift spectra at each point of a specified grid in a chosen plane through the subject. A major attraction of the EPSM method is the very high speed at which this information is obtained. The major attraction of the PREP hybrid method is its simplicity. Both techniques have the advantage of speed and efficiency over both the point‐by‐point topical magnetic resonance (TMR) and 3D Fourier transform approaches. The new mapping techniques may also be used to measure magnetic field spatial inhomogeneities, caused by either the presence of magnetic material or simply nonalignment of the magnet.