bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient-Based Empirical Risk Minimization Using Local Polynomial Regression
Authors: Jadbabaie Ali , Makur Anuran , Shah Devavrat 
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we consider the widely studied problem of empirical risk minimization (ERM) of strongly convex and smooth loss functions using iterative gradient-based methods. A major goal of the existing literature has been to compare different prototypical algorithms, such as batch gradient descent (GD) or stochastic gradient descent (SGD), by analyzing their rates of convergence to ϵ-approximate solutions with respect to the number of gradient computations, which is also known as the oracle complexity. For example, the oracle complexity of GD is [Formula: see text], where n is the number of training samples and p is the parameter space dimension. When n is large, this can be prohibitively expensive in practice, and SGD is preferred due to its oracle complexity of [Formula: see text]. Such standard analyses only utilize the smoothness of the loss function in the parameter being optimized. In contrast, we demonstrate that when the loss function is smooth in the data, we can learn the oracle at every iteration and beat the oracle complexities of GD, SGD, and their variants in important regimes. Specifically, at every iteration, our proposed algorithm, Local Polynomial Interpolation-based Gradient Descent (LPI-GD), first performs local polynomial regression with a virtual batch of data points to learn the gradient of the loss function and then estimates the true gradient of the ERM objective function. We establish that the oracle complexity of LPI-GD is [Formula: see text], where d is the data space dimension, and the gradient of the loss function is assumed to belong to an η-Hölder class with respect to the data. Our proof extends the analysis of local polynomial regression in nonparametric statistics to provide supremum norm guarantees for interpolation in multivariate settings and also exploits tools from the inexact GD literature. Unlike the complexities of GD and SGD, the complexity of our method depends on d. However, our algorithm outperforms GD, SGD, and their variants in oracle complexity for a broad range of settings where d is small relative to n. For example, with typical loss functions (such as squared or cross-entropy loss), when [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is at the statistical limit, our method can be made to require [Formula: see text] oracle calls for any [Formula: see text], while SGD and GD require [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] oracle calls, respectively. Funding: This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N000142012394], in part by the Army Research Office [Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant W911NF-19-1-0217], and in part by the National Science Foundation [Transdisciplinary Research In Principles Of Data Science, Foundations of Data Science].
3.05 kW, 13.7 GHz linewidth fiber amplifier based on PRBS phase modulation for SBS suppression
Authors: Xie Wei , Yang Yifeng , Wang He , Wang Kaiyuan , Duan Xinyu , Liu Kai , Chen Xiaolong , Xiong Xiaoqiang , Zhang Dawei , Meng Junqing 
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we establish a multi-stage fiber amplifier with pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) phase modulation. The stimulated Brillouin gain spectra of the main amplifier with both the unmodulated and pseudo-random binary sequence phase modulated configuration are measured (with corresponding output power), and the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The pseudo-random binary sequence phase modulation parameters are optimized by theoretical simulation. With a two-stage preamplifier chain and a counter-pumping main amplifier stage, a maximum 3.05 kW output power with a slope efficiency of 85.9% is obtained experimentally. The central wavelength of the fiber amplifier is 1050 nm, associated with a full-width at half-maximum linewidth of 13.7 GHz. The stimulated Brillouin scattering reflectivity is below 0.01% at 3.05 kW at 13.7 GHz, which indicates that stimulated Brillouin scattering can be suppressed efficiently at this power and linewidth level.
Integrating inverse design and partially etched platform: an ultra-compact polarization splitter and rotator as an example
Authors: Chen Houyu , Wang Yinghui , Mao Simei , Cheng Lirong , Zhao Caiyue , Liu Xuanyi , Li Qian , Fu H. Y. 
Published: March 2024

Silicon photonics devices benefit greatly from a partially etched platform and inverse design. Herein, we propose a bi-layer polarization splitter and rotator with a topology pattern and demonstrate it on a silicon-on-insulator platform. Our device exhibits a significantly reduced physical footprint of only 2µm×6µm, compared to traditional directional couplers and tapered waveguides. The device accomplishes the functions of polarization conversion and separation in such a compact design without redundant tapered or bending waveguides. The tested minimum insertion loss with the fabrication batch reaches 0.57 and 0.67 dB for TE and TM modes, respectively. The TE mode demonstrates a wider bandwidth and lower ILs than the TM modes, averaging around 1 dB from 1530 to 1565 nm. The M modes exhibit approximately 2 dB ILs at the same wavelength range, decreasing to about 1 dB between 1565 and 1580 nm. Improved designs and fabrication conditions strongly suggest the potential for further performance enhancement in the device. This successful initiative validates the exceptional performance resulting from the integration of the partially etched platform and inverse design, providing valuable insights for future photonic integrated device designs.
Landscape of toxin-neutralizing therapeutics for snakebite envenoming (2015–2022): Setting the stage for an R&D agenda
Authors: Borri Juliette , Gutiérrez José María , Knudsen Cecilie , Habib Abdulrazaq G. , Goldstein Maya , Tuttle Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Background
Progress in snakebite envenoming (SBE) therapeutics has suffered from a critical lack of data on the research and development (R&D) landscape. A database characterising this information would be a powerful tool for coordinating and accelerating SBE R&D. To address this need, we aimed to identify and categorise all active investigational candidates in development for SBE and all available or marketed products.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this landscape study, publicly available data and literature were reviewed to canvas the state of the SBE therapeutics market and research pipeline by identifying, characterising, and validating all investigational drug and biologic candidates with direct action on snake venom toxins, and all products available or marketed from 2015 to 2022. We identified 127 marketed products and 196 candidates in the pipeline, describing a very homogenous market of similar but geographically bespoke products and a diverse but immature pipeline, as most investigational candidates are at an early stage of development, with only eight candidates in clinical development.

Conclusions/Significance
Further investment and research is needed to address the shortfalls in products already on the market and to accelerate R&D for new therapeutics. This should be accompanied by efforts to converge on shared priorities and reshape the current SBE R&D ecosystem to ensure translation of innovation and access.
Demography, commonly diagnosed disorders and mortality of guinea pigs under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2019—A VetCompass study
Authors: O’Neill Dan G. , Taffinder Jacques L. , Brodbelt Dave C. , Baldrey Vicki 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Guinea pigs are popular as domestic pets but there is limited information on the health of the wider pet population. This study aimed to report demography, commonly diagnosed disorders and mortality of guinea pigs under UK primary veterinary care.

Methods
Diagnosis and mortality information on guinea pigs was extracted from anonymised UK primary-care clinical records in VetCompass.

Results
From 51,622 guinea pigs under primary veterinary care during 2019, a specific breed was not recorded in 50,098 (97.05%). Of guinea pigs with information recorded, 23,206 (47.33%) were female and 25,828 (52.67%) were male. There were 1,020 (2.08%) neutered and 48,014 (97.92%) entire. Median adult bodyweight overall was 1.05kg (interquartile range [IQR] 0.90–1.19, range 0.40–2.66). From a random sample of 3,785/51,622 (7.33%) guinea pigs, the most prevalent disorders were overgrown nail(s) (n = 1,005, 26.55%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.15–27.99), dermatophytosis (228, 6.02%, 95% CI 5.29–6.83) and corneal ulceration (189, 4.99%, 95% CI 4.32–5.74). Among the 30 most common disorders, females showed predisposition for 3 disorders and males showed predisposition for 5 disorders. The disorder with the youngest age of affected animals was dermatophytosis (1.11 years) while weight loss had the oldest age of affected animals (4.64 years). From 757 recorded deaths, the median age at death overall was 4.03 years (IQR 2.56–5.44, range 0.17–10.00). Among deaths with a recorded cause, the most common causes of death were anorexia (n = 82, 13.87%, 95% CI 11.19–16.93), collapsed (58, 9.81%, 95% CI 7.54–12.50) and peri-anaesthetic death (20, 3.38%, 95% CI 2.08–5.18).

Conclusions
These results can assist veterinarians and owners by providing demographic, disorder and mortality benchmarks that support improved clinical care and welfare outcomes in guinea pigs. Many common disorders in guinea pigs were husbandry related.
O Engajamento em comentários LGBTfóbicos na campanha publicitária "Como Explicar?" do Burger King
Authors: Milani Victor Gomes , Moura Raphael Michels Fantinato de 
Published: March 2024

Campanhas publicitárias são meticulosamente elaboradas para alcançar o maior número possível de pessoas, utilizando uma variedade de estratégias adaptáveis para conquistar públicos-alvo. À medida que surgem questões sociais somadas a esse contexto, há uma crescente intenção de representar uma ampla gama de diversidade. Esta pesquisa visa analisar a recepção do público em relação a uma campanha publicitária pró-LGBT lançada pelo Burger King, veiculada no YouTube, compreendendo alguns aspectos abordados nas reações à campanha. Para isso, filiamo-nos à Análise Crítica do Discurso (Fairclough, 2003), que concebe discurso como uma parte essencial da prática social, influenciadora e mantenedora de estruturas de poder. Nosso corpus consistiu em 20 comentários retirados da seção de discussão da campanha publicitária no YouTube. Utilizamos o sistema de Avaliatividade (Martin; White, 2005) como ferramenta analítica da semântica do discurso, mais especificamente o subsistema de Engajamento, para verificar como esses 20 comentaristas se posicionaram e interagiram com outras vozes em seus textos. Os comentários foram classificados conforme as subcategorias de Engajamento e, discutidos a partir de uma perspectiva linguístico-social. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos discursos é marcada por comentários LGBTfóbicos, que contestam a legitimidade da campanha e apresentam argumentos para negar a importância de abordar o tema na mídia. Esses discursos utilizam estratégias que dificultam o diálogo e excluem a comunidade LGBT+ dos espaços de consumo.
Efektivitas model LC 7E dengan metode TSTS terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan minat belajar peserta didik
Authors: Zahra Sayidatul Maghfiroh Az , Suparni  
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the learning cycle. 7E (LC 7E), LC 7E with TSTS method, and conventional method of learning on critical thinking skills and interest in learning. The type of research is quantitative with the research design is nonequivalent control group design. The independent variables are LC 7E and LC 7E with the TSTS method. The dependent variables are critical thinking ability and interest in learning. The population are VII grade students at MTs Negeri 9 Bantul and the samples are class VII C, VII B, and VII A. The research instruments used were data collection instruments in the form of critical thinking ability tests and learning interest scales as well as learning instruments in the form of learning modules dan LKPD. The data analysis used for critical thinking ability data is Kruskall Wallis test while for learning interest data is One Way Test Anova test and followed by Scheffe Test. The research results show that in terms of critical thinking abilities (1) LC 7E is no more effective than the conventional model, (2) the LC 7E with the TSTS method is no more effective than the conventional model, and (3) the LC 7E with the TSTS method is no more effective than the LC 7E. Meanwhile, in terms of interest of learning shows that (4) Learning C 7E is more effective than the conventional model, (5) LC 7E model with the TSTS method is more effective than the conventional model, and (6) the Learing Cycle 7E with the TSTS method is not more effective than the LC 7E.
“I am surprised they have allowed you in here to do this”: women’s prison writing as heterotopic space of narrative inclusion
Authors: Whitecross Rosalchen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The focus of this paper is the hidden world of women’s imprisonment as revealed in their writing produced in creative writing workshops. Proceeding from the perspective of narrative inquiry as a methodology to study lived experience, this study explores the juxtaposed spaces of the closed, exclusionary carceral world and the open, creative space of the writing workshop. Here we come to find the personal, situated within the wider carceral institution, in the marginalised voices of women in prison, writing their stories in their own words. The prison environment is seldom envisaged as a space that promotes literacy, education, the arts or creativity. This paper takes a relational perspective of creative writing workshops as a space which enables and facilitates prison writing, becoming a bridge between the enclosed prison space and the world outside. Following Foucault (1986. Of other spaces. Translated by Jay Miskowiec. Diacrities 16(1). 22-27) the creative writing workshop and the textual space of writing may be seen as heterotopic spaces of play, empathy and inclusion that reflect the prison in the language of marginalisation. It gives the opportunity to women in prison to write about their inner lifeworld as a process to bear witness to their experience and work through the trauma of imprisonment. This writing in the textual space becomes a reflection of the repressive heterotopic space of prison and serves as a counter-narrative to the master narrative of punishment and prison. Therefore, whilst the writers in prison reach out to poetic and creative techniques to capture colours, metaphors and genres such as the fairy tale, the reader is constantly confronted by the harsh reality of their lived experience of confinement and their lives pre-imprisonment.
Toward an ethnographic materialist semiotics: spatial scope, indexicality, and chronotope in a Chinese academic institution
Authors: Dong Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Jan Blommaert had a profound impact on studies of language in society, pushing many concepts, theories, and research approaches to the center of sociolinguistics. Materialist semiotics is one of the theories and research approaches that he argued for forcefully. Blommaert’s approach to semiotics aligns with Kress’s social semiotics and Scollon and Scollon’s geosemiotics, with an emphasis on the social and materialist nature of signs. By theorizing materialist semiotics, Blommaert argued against the traditional abstract view, which saw meaning systems as timeless and context-less. This paper discusses three core elements of materialist semiotics – spatial scope, orders of indexicalities, and chronotopicity – and presents an ethnographic landscaping case study of a Chinese university’s on-campus bilingual signage, in order to illustrate materialist semiotics and to attract more scholarly attention to Blommaert’s oeuvre, which offers a wealth of theoretical and empirical potential, and continues to inspire us to do more, to go further.
Enchantment of things in the Chinese literary narrative tradition
Authors: Tang Weisheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The enchantment of things has been found in the long tradition of Chinese literary narrative. This article explores the three salient ways Chinese people have developed of thinking about and writing about their (imagined) relationship with the things around them, i.e., Bo Wu 博物, Gan Wu 感物, and Guan Wu 观物. In the Bo Wu tradition, people described strange things that may or may not have existed in the actual world, and in doing so, they displayed either their extensive knowledge of these things, or the fertility of their imagination; in the Gan Wu tradition, people tried to express some kind of emotional attachment to things, and conceived of them as being able to feel like humans; and in the Guan Wu tradition, people tried to lose themselves in the contemplation of the world of things. The three Chinese traditions are reconsidered in this article in relation to the relevant Western lines of thought and particularly to emerging thing theory in Western philosophy.
Auto-phylo v2 and auto-phylo-pipeliner: building advanced, flexible, and reusable pipelines for phylogenetic inferences, estimation of variability levels and identification of positively selected amino acid sites
Authors: López-Fernández Hugo , Pinto Miguel , Vieira Cristina P. , Duque Pedro , Reboiro-Jato Miguel , Vieira Jorge 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The vast amount of genome sequence data that is available, and that is predicted to drastically increase in the near future, can only be efficiently dealt with by building automated pipelines. Indeed, the Earth Biogenome Project will produce high-quality reference genome sequences for all 1.8 million named living eukaryote species, providing unprecedented insight into the evolution of genes and gene families, and thus on biological issues. Here, new modules for gene annotation, further BLAST search algorithms, further multiple sequence alignment methods, the adding of reference sequences, further tree rooting methods, the estimation of rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions, and the identification of positively selected amino acid sites, have been added to auto-phylo (version 2), a recently developed software to address biological problems using phylogenetic inferences. Additionally, we present auto-phylo-pipeliner, a graphical user interface application that further facilitates the creation and running of auto-phylo pipelines. Inferences on S-RNase specificity, are critical for both cross-based breeding and for the establishment of pollination requirements. Therefore, as a test case, we develop an auto-phylo pipeline to identify amino acid sites under positive selection, that are, in principle, those determining S-RNase specificity, starting from both non-annotated Prunus genomes and sequences available in public databases.
Light emitting diode and laser diode system behaviour description and their performance signature measurements
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Lingaraj Vanitha , KailairaJan Jeyaprakash Jegadish Kumar , Jebanazer Jeneetha , Govindaswamy Nishanthi , Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Orabi Orabi Salem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper has clarified the light emitting diode and laser diode system behaviour description and their external quantum efficiency measurements. Light output of LED spontaneous emission and laser diode stimulated emission are clarified. Stimulated and amplified spontaneous emission of laser diode and LED system configuration are demonstrated. The management of hybrid light sources spectrum illumination interaction for efficient solar cells light intensity and short circuit current density enhancement. The laser diode has presented better performance in the light output power especially under the same temperature effects. It is ensured that the dramatic effects of the temperature on both laser diode performance efficiency.
DNA-based nanostructures for RNA delivery
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Luo Liangzhi , Hao Ziyang , Liu Dongsheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, genetic disorders, and infectious diseases. However, the delivery of RNA molecules into target cells has been a major challenge due to their susceptibility to degradation and inefficient cellular uptake. To overcome these hurdles, DNA-based nano technology offers an unprecedented opportunity as a potential delivery platform for RNA therapeutics. Due to its excellent characteristics such as programmability and biocompatibility, these DNA-based nanostructures, composed of DNA molecules assembled into precise and programmable structures, have garnered significant attention as ideal building materials for protecting and delivering RNA payloads to the desired cellular destinations. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the design and application of three DNA-based nanostructures: DNA origami, lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) technology related to frame guided assembly (FGA), and DNA hydrogel for the delivery of RNA molecules. Their biomedical applications are briefly discussed and the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
The crystal structure of dichlorido-bis(3-methyl-3-imidazolium-1-ylpropionato-κ2
O,O′)-zinc(II), C14H20Cl2N4O4Zn
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Wang Xiuge 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
C14H20Cl2N4O4Zn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.562(2) Å, b = 27.953(8) Å, c = 8.804(2) Å, β = 117.092(4)°, V = 1875.9(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0441, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1031, T = 296 K.
The Senses of Nietzsche’s “Complete Irresponsibility”
Authors: de Jong Johan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With his doctrine of the “complete irresponsibility of man,” Nietzsche in different ways complicates the opposition between responsibility and irresponsibility. This article traces the different and conflicting senses of irresponsibility throughout Nietzsche’s development. First, the doctrine is shown to build on Nietzsche’s early study of Heraclitus (section I), whom Nietzsche admired for expounding and embodying a radical “innocence” that was both responsible and irresponsible in different senses. When presented as “philosophical conviction” in Human, All too Human, Nietzsche paradoxically speculates about the doctrine’s incorporation out of a sense of responsibility for the future of mankind (section II). Section III shows how Nietzsche’s later writings evince an increasing awareness of this paradox by explicitly positing complete irresponsibility as his own redemptive doctrine in Twilight of the Idols. After 1881, he has come to affirm a new notion of responsibility and criticizes a weak sense of irresponsibility as the abdication of one’s task. I end by discussing the relation of these different senses of irresponsibility, and argue that the fact that Nietzsche’s texts often deliberately complicate rather than clarify such distinctions is an important reflection of how he textually takes responsibility for “complete irresponsibility” (section IV).