bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) Approach in a Case Study Predicting the Distribution of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Gas Saturation
Authors: Tsaniyah Z , Komara E , Utama W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Predicting the distribution of CO2 gas saturation is one example of how multiphase flow might be evaluated in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). The TOUGH2 simulator is one of the numerical simulations commonly used for multiphase flow simulation. Ordinary numerical simulations have several issues, including high grid spatial resolution and high processing costs. One of the most effective deep learning approaches to predicting the distribution of CO2 gas saturation is the deep neural network (DNN). A deep neural network is a network with three interconnected layers, there are input, hidden, and output layers. DNN learns about the previously constructed architecture from the input data. DNN requires a large quantity of data as input. Thus, in this study, we use 700 data points for each of the train_a and train_b variables. The distribution of CO2 gas saturation will be predicted automatically by the trained DNN model. This technique can handle complex data patterns, such as gas saturation in multiphase flow problems. The reconstruction loss findings show that the loss value decreases as the number of epochs increases. Furthermore, we used 3 and 4 epochs to determine the difference in results between the two. As a result, the model with 4 epochs and 10−3 regularization weight obtained the lowest error value of 0.4305. In summary, this model is capable of predicting CO2 gas saturation distribution, but more research is needed to produce more optimal results. This research hopes to help monitor multiphase flow in CCS systems in the future by forecasting the distribution of CO2 gas saturation.
On-chip growth of one-dimensional In2O3 nanostructures by vapor trapping method and their comparative gas-sensing performance
Authors: Phan Hong Phuoc , Chu Manh Hung , Nguyen Van Duy , Nguyen Duc Hoa , Nguyen Manh Hung , Nguyen Ngoc-Viet , Nguyen Van Hieu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we use the chemical vapour deposition trapping method to grow various one-dimensional (1D) indium oxide (In2O3) nanostructures, namely nanorods (NRs), nanoneedles (NNs), and nanowires (NWs). The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesised nanostructures are analysed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing the morphology of In2O3 under different growth conditions with previous research findings, we investigate the growth mechanism and the role of gold catalysts. The In2O3 sensor presented a good selection for C2H5OH gas. The NWs-based sensor exhibits a superior response and faster response-recovery rates (50%, and 49 s/343 s) in comparison to the NRs- (45%, and 35 s/339 s) and NNs-based sensors (8%, and 70 s/496 s) when exposed to 200 ppm C2H5OH at 400 °C. Besides, the sensors exhibited good stability under the switch-off reversible cycle. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was effectively used in classifying target gases such as 25–200 ppm C2H5OH, NH3, and CO at the temperature of 350 °C–450 °C. We attribute the NWs-based sensor’s better gas-sensing performance to its favourable morphology for gas diffusion and modulation of depletion depth.
Optimization of magnetic field design for Hall thrusters based on a genetic algorithm
Authors: TAN 谭 Rui 睿 , HANG 杭 Guanrong 观荣 , WANG 王 Pingyang 平阳 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Magnetic field design is essential for the operation of Hall thrusters. This study focuses on utilizing a genetic algorithm to optimize the magnetic field configuration of SPT70. A 2D hybrid PIC-DSMC and channel-wall erosion model are employed to analyze the plume divergence angle and wall erosion rate, while a Farady probe measurement and laser profilometry system are set up to verify the simulation results. The results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm contributes to reducing the divergence angle of the thruster plumes and alleviating the impact of high-energy particles on the discharge channel wall, reducing the erosion by 5.5% and 2.7%, respectively. Further analysis indicates that the change from a divergent magnetic field to a convergent magnetic field, combined with the upstream shift of the ionization region, contributes to the improving the operation of the Hall thruster.
Evolution of ecosystem services under the impact of urbanization using the InVEST model in the xiongan new area, China
Authors: Gao Xuxu , Xiao Fengjin , Liu Qiufeng , Xu Yuqing , Yu Changwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the impact of land use on ecosystem service functions is crucial for guiding land management and ecological environment protection in Xiongan New Area (XANA), China. This paper employs the InVEST model to assess the temporal and spatial characteristics of water yield, carbon storage, water purification, and soil conservation ecosystem services in XANA from 1980 to 2020, analyzing geographical and spatial variations in ecosystem service capabilities. Through correlation analysis and the grid Moran’s I index, we explored the mechanisms of ecosystem action and the trade-offs and synergies among these services. Our results revealed that urban land use in XANA increased throughout the 1980–2020 period, with the fastest growth occurring from 2010 to 2020, primarily due to cultivated land conversion. Prior to 2010, cultivated land expanded rapidly, consuming significant amounts of water resources. Changes in land use structure drove increases in water yield and nitrogen output in the XANA ecosystem while decreasing carbon storage and soil erosion. Urban land area change was the primary factor influencing water yield and nitrogen output, while reduced water area was the main driver behind decreased carbon storage in the region. Cultivated land was identified as the primary contributor to soil erosion. The synergy between carbon storage and water conservation is closely tied to water area and urban land, while the synergies between carbon storage and water quality purification, soil conservation and water quality purification hinge on water areas and cultivated land areas. To ensure the sustainable development of XANA, it is essential to protect the wetland ecosystem in the Baiyangdian Lake basin, enhance forest and grassland coverage, and monitor temporal and spatial changes in different ecosystem services and their interrelationships closely.
Dependency on imported agricultural inputs—global trade patterns and recent trends
Authors: Sandström Vilma , Huan-Niemi Ellen , Niemi Jyrki , Kummu Matti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Industrial food production systems depend on inputs such as fertilisers, pesticides, and commercial animal feeds that are highly traded commodities in global markets. Disturbances in international trade can threaten the local food production if the imports of the key agricultural inputs were drastically reduced. However, despite the importance of the topic, a comprehensive analysis focusing on the import dependency of multiple agricultural inputs at the global level and thus revealing the vulnerability of regions and individual countries does not exist. Here, we analyse the temporal trends of agricultural input trade globally at the national scale from 1991 to 2020 by applying statistics of the use and trade of synthetic fertilisers (N, P, and K), pesticides and livestock and aquaculture feeds (grouped into oilseed feeds and other feed crops). The results show that the import dependency of agricultural inputs has increased over the past 30 years, but there is high variation between countries. Countries with high import dependency combined with high use of these inputs, such as many industrial agricultural producers in South America, Asia as well as Europe, show high vulnerability to trade shocks. Also, our findings highlight that potential agricultural intensification in Sub-Saharan African countries—currently with low use of the inputs per cropland area but high import dependency—can lead to higher dependency on imported agricultural inputs. Therefore, understanding of the past trends and current risks associated with the dependency on imported agricultural inputs should be highlighted to mitigate the risks and build more resilient and sustainable food systems.
Cost evaluation of continuation of therapy with dalbavancin compared to standard-of-care antibiotics alone in hospitalized persons who inject drugs with severe gram-positive infections
Authors: Donnelly Devin , Pillinger Kelly E , Debnath Ashita , DePasquale William , Munsiff Sonal , Louie Ted , Jones Courtney Marie Cora , Shulder Stephanie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for severe gram-positive infections and may require prolonged hospitalization and intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. Dalbavancin (DBV) is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide that may reduce costs and provide effective treatment in this population.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of PWID with severe gram-positive infections. Patients admitted from January 1, 2017, to November 1, 2019 (standard-of-care [SOC] group) and from November 15, 2019, to March 31, 2022 (DBV group) were included. The primary outcome was the total cost to the healthcare system. Secondary outcomes included hospital days saved and treatment failure.

Results
A total of 87 patients were included (37 in the DBV group and 50 in the SOC group). Patients were a median of 34 years old and were predominantly Caucasian (82%). Staphylococcus aureus (82%) was the most common organism, and bacteremia (71%) was the most common type of infection. Compared to the SOC group, the DBV group would have had a median of 14 additional days of hospitalization if they had stayed to complete their therapy (P = 0.014). The median total cost to the healthcare system was significantly lower in the DBV group than in the SOC group ($31,698.00 vs $45,093.50; P = 0.035). The rate of treatment failure was similar between the groups (32.4% in the DBV group vs 36% in the SOC group; P = 0.729).

Conclusion
DBV is a cost-saving alternative to SOC IV antibiotics for severe gram-positive infections in PWID, with similar treatment outcomes. Larger prospective studies, including other patient populations, may demonstrate additional benefit.
Adaptation and validation of the Greek version of the Communication and Language Assessment questionnaire for persons with Multiple Sclerosis (CLAMS)
Authors: Dimitriou Nefeli , Nasios Grigorios , Nousia Anastasia , Anyfantis Emmanouil , Messinis Lambros , Dimakopoulos Georgios , El-Wahsh Sarah , Bakirtzis Christos , Kostadima Vasiliki , Konitsiotis Spiridon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the present study was to validate the Communication and Language Assessment questionnaire for persons with Multiple Sclerosis (CLAMS) into the Greek language.

Method
106 Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) and 51 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. We evaluated patients’ cognitive abilities with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS). All PwMS completed the CLAMS and three additional questionnaires (Speech Pathology-Specific Questionnaire for persons with Multiple Sclerosis, SMS; Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39, SAQOL-39; the Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen, BDI-FS), and all HCs filled in the CLAMS.

Results
The internal consistency of the CLAMS was excellent (a = 0.933) for the PwMS and a significant difference was found between PwMS and HCs for the total CLAMS score. Statistical analyses showed a significant positive correlation between the CLAMS and the other questionnaires (SMS, BDI, and SAQOL-39) and a statistically significant negative correlation between the CLAMS and the three subtests of the BICAMS (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Greek Verbal Learning Test-II, and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised). There was no correlation between the CLAMS and participants’ age, disease duration, and disease type.

Conclusion
The Greek version of the CLAMS is a valid self-reported questionnaire for the evaluation of language and communication symptoms in PwMS.
Late genitourinary toxicity in salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: impact of daily fraction doses
Authors: Takano Seiya , Tomita Natsuo , Takaoka Taiki , Niwa Masanari , Torii Akira , Kita Nozomi , Okazaki Dai , Uchiyama Kaoru , Nakanishi-Imai Mikiko , Ayakawa Shiho , Iida Masato , Tsuzuki Yusuke , Otsuka Shinya , Manabe Yoshihiko , Nomura Kento , Ogawa Yasutaka , Miyakawa Akifumi , Miyamoto Akihiko , Takemoto Shinya , Yasui Takahiro , Hiwatashi Akio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the impact of daily fraction doses on late genitourinary (GU) toxicity after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer.

Methods
This multi-institutional retrospective study included 212 patients who underwent SRT between 2008 and 2018. All patients received image-guided intensity-modulated SRT at a median dose of 67.2 Gy in 1.8-2.3 Gy/fraction. The cumulative rates of late grade ≥2 GU and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were compared using Gray test, stratified by the ≤2.0 Gy/fraction (n = 137) and ≥2.1 Gy/fraction groups (n = 75), followed by multivariate analyses. The total dose was represented as an equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) with α/β = 3 Gy.

Results
After a median follow-up of 63 months, the cumulative rates of 5-year late grade ≥2 GU and GI toxicities were 14% and 2.5%, respectively. The cumulative rates of 5-year late grade ≥2 GU toxicity in the ≥2.1 Gy/fraction and ≤2.0 Gy/fraction groups were 22% and 10%, respectively (P = .020). In the multivariate analysis, ≥2.1 Gy/fraction was still associated with an increased risk of late grade ≥2 GU toxicity (hazard ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-4.99; P = .023), while the total dose was not significant.

Conclusion
The present results showed that ≥2.1 Gy/fraction resulted in a higher incidence of late grade ≥2 GU toxicity in SRT.

Advances in knowledge
The impact of fraction doses on late GU toxicity after SRT remains unknown. The results suggest that higher fraction doses may increase the risk of late GU toxicity in SRT.
Synthesis and electronics of donor–accepter linear arrays comprising anthracene bisimide with butadiynylene spacers
Authors: Iwanaga Tetsuo , Tanaka Keisuke , Kawano Kento 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To further explore the π-conjugated systems of anthracene bisimide (ABI) and investigate their electronic properties, we synthesized donor–accepter linear arrays. These arrays consist of an ABI unit as the accepter and a 9,10-anthrylene unit as the donor, linked by a butadiynylene spacer. We constructed these donor–accepter arrays through Hay coupling of the corresponding 9,10-diethynylABI derivative with a 9,10-diethynylanthracene derivative. Theoretical calculations and electronic spectra analysis were employed to compare the photophysical properties of these compounds with those of their acetylene analogs. Moreover, we evaluated the intramolecular electronic interactions between the ABI and anthrylene units, focusing on the effects of the butadiynylene spacer and array sequences.
Functional characterization of the language network of polyglots and hyperpolyglots with precision fMRI
Authors: Malik-Moraleda Saima , Jouravlev Olessia , Taliaferro Maya , Mineroff Zachary , Cucu Theodore , Mahowald Kyle , Blank Idan A , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
How do polyglots—individuals who speak five or more languages—process their languages, and what can this population tell us about the language system? Using fMRI, we identified the language network in each of 34 polyglots (including 16 hyperpolyglots with knowledge of 10+ languages) and examined its response to the native language, non-native languages of varying proficiency, and unfamiliar languages. All language conditions engaged all areas of the language network relative to a control condition. Languages that participants rated as higher proficiency elicited stronger responses, except for the native language, which elicited a similar or lower response than a non-native language of similar proficiency. Furthermore, unfamiliar languages that were typologically related to the participants’ high-to-moderate-proficiency languages elicited a stronger response than unfamiliar unrelated languages. The results suggest that the language network’s response magnitude scales with the degree of engagement of linguistic computations (e.g. related to lexical access and syntactic-structure building). We also replicated a prior finding of weaker responses to native language in polyglots than non-polyglot bilinguals. These results contribute to our understanding of how multiple languages coexist within a single brain and provide new evidence that the language network responds more strongly to stimuli that more fully engage linguistic computations.
New Tools and Nuanced Interventions to Accelerate Achievement of the 2030 Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Vasconcelos Andreia , Nunes-Alves Cláudio , Hollingsworth T Déirdre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization roadmap for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) sets out ambitious targets for disease control and elimination by 2030, including 90% fewer people requiring interventions against NTDs and the elimination of at least 1 NTD in 100 countries. Mathematical models are an important tool for understanding NTD dynamics, optimizing interventions, assessing the efficacy of new tools, and estimating the economic costs associated with control programs. As NTD control shifts to increased country ownership and programs progress toward disease elimination, tailored models that better incorporate local context and can help to address questions that are important for decision-making at the national level are gaining importance. In this introduction to the supplement, New Tools and Nuanced Interventions to Accelerate Achievement of the 2030 Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases, we discuss current challenges in generating more locally relevant models and summarize how the articles in this supplement present novel ways in which NTD modeling can help to accelerate achievement and sustainability of the 2030 targets.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Evidence From a Phase 3 Trial to Support Flat-Dosing of Rifampicin for Tuberculosis
Authors: Ngo Huy X , Xu Ava Y , Velásquez Gustavo E , Zhang Nan , Chang Vincent K , Kurbatova Ekaterina V , Whitworth William C , Sizemore Erin , Bryant Kia , Carr Wendy , Weiner Marc , Dooley Kelly E , Engle Melissa , Dorman Susan E , Nahid Payam , Swindells Susan , Chaisson Richard E , Nsubuga Pheona , Lourens Madeleine , Dawson Rodney , Savic Radojka M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The optimal dosing strategy for rifampicin in treating drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) is still highly debated. In the phase 3 clinical trial Study 31/ACTG 5349 (NCT02410772), all participants in the control regimen arm received 600 mg rifampicin daily as a flat dose. Here, we evaluated relationships between rifampicin exposure and efficacy and safety outcomes.

Methods
We analyzed rifampicin concentration time profiles using population nonlinear mixed-effects models. We compared simulated rifampicin exposure from flat- and weight-banded dosing. We evaluated the effect of rifampicin exposure on stable culture conversion at 6 months; TB-related unfavorable outcomes at 9, 12, and 18 months using Cox proportional hazard models; and all trial-defined safety outcomes using logistic regression.

Results
Our model-derived rifampicin exposure ranged from 4.57 mg · h/L to 140.0 mg · h/L with a median of 41.8 mg · h/L. Pharmacokinetic simulations demonstrated that flat-dosed rifampicin provided exposure coverage similar to the weight-banded dose. Exposure-efficacy analysis (n = 680) showed that participants with rifampicin exposure below the median experienced similar hazards of stable culture conversion and TB-related unfavorable outcomes compared with those with exposure above the median. Exposure-safety analysis (n = 722) showed that increased rifampicin exposure was not associated with increased grade 3 or higher adverse events or serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Flat-dosing of rifampicin at 600 mg daily may be a reasonable alternative to the incumbent weight-banded dosing strategy for the standard-of-care 6-month regimen. Future research should assess the optimal dosing strategy for rifampicin, at doses higher than the current recommendation.
Effect of Preoperative Antibiotic Therapy on Operative Culture Yield for Diagnosis of Native Joint Septic Arthritis
Authors: Khodadadi Ryan B , Damronglerd Pansachee , McHugh Jack W , El Zein Said , Lahr Brian D , Yuan Brandon J , Abu Saleh Omar M , Suh Gina A , Tande Aaron J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) is definitively diagnosed by a positive Gram stain or culture, along with supportive clinical findings. Preoperative antibiotics are known to alter synovial fluid cell count, Gram stain, and culture results and are typically postponed until after arthrocentesis to optimize diagnostic accuracy. However, data on the impact of preoperative antibiotics on operative culture yield for NJSA diagnosis are limited.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed adult cases of NJSA who underwent surgery at Mayo Clinic facilities from 2012 to 2021 to analyze the effect of preoperative antibiotics on operative culture yield through a paired analysis of preoperative culture (POC) and operative culture (OC) results using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations.

Results
Two hundred ninety-nine patients with NJSA affecting 321 joints were included. Among those receiving preoperative antibiotics, yield significantly decreased from 68.0% at POC to 57.1% at OC (P &lt; .001). In contrast, for patients without preoperative antibiotics there was a non-significant increase in yield from 60.9% at POC to 67.4% at OC (P = .244). In a logistic regression model for paired data, preoperative antibiotic exposure was more likely to decrease OC yield compared to non-exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–3.64; P = .006). Within the preoperative antibiotic group, additional antibiotic doses and earlier antibiotic initiation were associated with lower OC yield.

Conclusions
In patients with NJSA, preoperative antibiotic exposure resulted in a significant decrease in microbiologic yield of operative cultures as compared to patients in whom antibiotic therapy was held prior to obtaining operative cultures.