bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial predictors of failure to return to work in non-chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
Authors: Iles R A , Davidson M , Taylor N F 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:To identify psychosocial predictors of failure to return to work in non-chronic (lasting less than 3 months) non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).Methods:A systematic review of prognostic studies was carried out. Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL and PEDro electronic bibliographic databases up to April 2006 were searched. Included studies took baseline measures in the non-chronic phase of NSLBP (ie, within 3 months of onset), included at least one psychosocial variable and studied a sample in which at least 75% of participants had NSLBP. Baseline measures had to be used to predict at least one work-specific outcome.Results:The search identified 24 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. From these studies there is strong evidence that recovery expectation is predictive of work outcome and that depression, job satisfaction and stress/psychological strain are not predictive of work outcome. There is moderate evidence that fear avoidance beliefs are predictive of work outcome and that anxiety is not predictive of work outcome. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether compensation or locus of control are predictive of work outcome.Conclusions:To predict work outcome in non-chronic NSLBP, psychosocial assessment should focus on recovery expectation and fear avoidance. More research is needed to determine the best method of measuring these constructs and to determine how to intervene when a worker has low recovery expectations.
Lung and other cancer site mortality in a cohort of Italian cotton mill workers
Authors: Mastrangelo G , Fadda E , Rylander R , Milan G , Fedeli U , Rossi di Schio M , Lange J H 
Published: April 2008

Background:Several studies report a lower than expected mortality in lung cancer among workers exposed to organic dust. Recent studies also reported a decreased risk for cancer at other sites.Objectives:To evaluate the mortality from lung and other cancer sites in cotton mill workers.Material and methods:A cohort of 3961 Italian cotton mill workers was divided into those working with carding (exposed to high levels of endotoxin-containing cotton dust) and other tasks, which generally have lower exposure. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated using death rates of the regional general population as a reference. Cancer mortality was analysed in relation to the length of employment in the two task groups. An internal analysis was also performed through Poisson regression.Results:Among workers in carding departments, lung cancer SMRs were 1.88 (CI: 0.69 to 4.08), 1.01 (CI: 0.20 to 2.94) and 0.22 (CI: 0.00 to 1.24), respectively, for <6, 6–12 and >12 years of employment (χ2for trend = 5.45; p<0.05). A significant (p = 0.04) trend was confirmed by Poisson regression. No reduced risks were found for other forms of cancer, nor for those working with other tasks.Conclusions:The results support previous reports that a high and prolonged exposure to cotton dust and other endotoxin-containing organic dusts is related to a lower risk of lung cancer. There was no indication of a reduced risk for other forms of cancer.
Lung cancer and exposure to arsenic in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Mostafa M G , McDonald J C , Cherry N M 
Published: April 2008

Background:Arsenic is a known carcinogen but the risk of lung cancer from the widespread contamination of drinking water in rural Bangladesh has not been estimated.Objectives:To determine whether estimated exposure of villagers in Bangladesh to arsenic in drinking water differed between those with lung cancer and those with non-malignant lesions.Methods:Data were obtained from 7286 subjects who underwent lung biopsy in 2003–2006 at a diagnostic centre taking referrals from throughout Bangladesh. Analysis was limited to 5372 people living in villages for the last 10 years who reported using tube well water. Of these, 3223 with a primary lung tumour were enrolled as cases and 1588 with non-malignant lesions as referents in an unmatched analysis. Arsenic exposure was estimated by average concentrations for each of 64 districts. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of age, arsenic and smoking on risk and to investigate relationship to cell type.Results:Male cases were older than referents and more likely to smoke, to smoke >20 units/day and to smoke bidi—small, hand-rolled cigarettes. Odds ratios for lung cancer increased steadily with mean arsenic concentration, but the confidence interval excluded 1.0 only at concentrations >100 μg/l (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.80). This trend was seen only in smokers where the increased risk at >100 μg/l was 1.65 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.18). A similar trend was seen in women smokers. Squamous cell lung cancer was more frequent in smokers and, having adjusted for smoking, in districts with arsenic concentrations >100 μg/l.Conclusions:Among Bangladeshis who smoke, those whose drinking water is contaminated with arsenic at concentrations >100 μg/l are at increased risk of lung cancer. With high levels of exposure misclassification and short latency of exposure, the study cannot estimate or exclude the likely long term risk in non-smokers and at lower arsenic concentrations.
Identification of common root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher et Allen) loci in bread wheat
Authors: Toktay Halil , McIntyre C. Lynne , Nicol Julie M. , Ozkan Hakan , Elekcioglu Halil I. 
Published: April 2008

Plant parasitic nematodes are a major biotic cause of wheat-yield loss in temperate wheat-growing regions. A major strategy to develop resistance to root-lesion nematodes (RLNs) in wheat is to assess and then exploit their natural genetic variation. This study examines RLN (Pratylenchus thornei) resistance in 1 Middle Eastern landrace (AUS4930 7.2) and 1 synthetic hexaploid wheat, CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA (CROC), using F2 and F9 populations generated by crossing AUS4930 7.2 and CROC with the susceptible cultivar Pastor, and inoculating these crosses with P. thornei in greenhouse trials. Wheat microsatellite markers linked to previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to P. thornei and P. neglectus were used to screen both populations. In the AUS4930 7.2 × Pastor population, resistance loci on chromosomes 1B, 2B, and 6D were detected. Similarly, in the CROC × Pastor population, 2 resistance loci, located on chromosomes 1B and 3B, were identified. Interestingly, a resistance locus located on chromosome 6D was not detected. More detailed mapping is required in these 2 populations, developed using new RLN resistance sources, to determine whether the QTLs identified on these chromosomes are the same, are allelic, or are linked to different resistance loci from those previously identified, and to determine whether these 2 sources contain other novel resistance loci.
Characterization of PM2.5 and conversion rate of sulfur dioxide to sulfate in inland areas of Taiwan
Authors: Horng Chuen-Liang , Cheng Man-Ting 
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sulfur conversion rate and the characterization of PM2.5 particulate matter and acidic gases in inland Taiwan region. The measurements were taken at two different sites located near the fossil fuel power plant in central Taiwan. First site was Wufong and the other site was Nantou, which is located 15 km south from Wufong. PM2.5 and gaseous acids were measured by annular denuder system. PM2.5 ionic species including SO42–, NO3–, NH4+, Cl–, Ca2+, K+, Na+, and H+and gaseous HNO3 and HCl were analyzed. Results showed that the average ratio of PM2.5 and SO42– was higher during daytime, probably due to the anthropogenic activities. Wind field map also clearly displayed that Wufong was located upwind and Nantou was located downwind during daytime. Sulfur conversion ratio in the downwind site was higher than upwind site. Experimental data showed that sulfur conversion rate between these sites was 5%–9% h–1. The increased PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations recorded in the Nantou site were from the direction of Taichung city during daytime.
Effect of initial microbial density on inactivation of Escherichia coli by monochloramine
Authors: Kaymak Baris , Haas Charles N. 
Published: April 2008

Numerous water disinfection studies have reported deviations from the Chick-Watson Law, which was used to develop the Ct tables provided by the USEPA’s SWTR. Some of the modifications of the Chick-Watson Law incorporate explicit dependence on initial microbial density. In this study, a series of inactivation experiments were conducted with Escherichia coli cultured under three different growth conditions to investigate cell density effects on inactivation. Cell density dependent inactivation was observed in E. coli cultures grown on nutrient agar slant overnight and grown in chemostat with hydraulic residence time of 110 h. The disinfection efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) greater at higher initial microbial density. Inactivation of E. coli cultured in nutrient broth for only 3 h was independent of cell density. These results have a major significance for utilities in terms of optimization of the disinfection process and balancing the risks associated with exposure to pathogens and disinfection/disinfectant byproducts.
Additions to the Bioecology of the New England Tingidae andPiesmidae (Heteroptera)
Authors: Bailey Noraman S. 
Published: April 2008

Intermittent summer collecting during the past ten years has added
to my collection a considerable number of noteworthy records. These
include additional stations or species previously reported from only a
few localities within a particular state and for some of the less wellknown
species in New England, new records for the occurrence of
six species previously unreported from one or more of the New England
states, and a few new host plant records.This is the first of a series of papers now in progress which will
supplement my studies of the Tingidae of New England 1951 ). For
ease of reerence, therefore, it follows the pattern of that study in the
sequence of genera and of species. (Bailey,1951, page 5). All
collections were made by the author unless otherwise specied.
A New Flightless Dolichoctis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) From Sumbawa
Authors: Darlington P. J. 
Published: April 2008

The genus Dolichoctis, of the tribe Lebiini, includes a large number
of small Carabidae of the Oriental‐Australian area. They are
characterized by size (length often c 5 mm or less), by details
of the mouthparts (which need not be given here — see Darlirgton
1968, 124), and almost always by presence of 2 minute punctures
without setae on the posterior half of the third interval of each
etytron. Most are arboreal, occurring often in under‐story foliage
of rain forest, although a few species probably occur in leaf litter
on the ground. All previously known Dolichoctis are fully winged,
so far as I know. The finding of a species in which wing atrophy has
occurred is therefore of special interest. Atrophy of wings is in
fact. rare among all the Lebiini of the Indo‐Australian islands: of
16o members of he tribe found on New Guinea. only one has
reduced wings (Nototarus papua Darlington 1968, 186). Of course
wing atrophy is very common among some other Carabidae in some
other parts of the world (Darlington 1936; 1943).Erratumdx.doi.org/10.1155/1970/10180
Variation in Cell Number in a Population of Bembix Americana(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
Authors: Alcock John 
Published: April 2008

This paper reports the results of observations made during the
summers of 1971 and 1972 on a small group of Bembix americana
Fabricius nesting in a vacant lot in Seattle, Washington. This population
was judged to be intermediate to comata Parker and spinolae
Lepeletier at the subspecific level (H. E. Evans, pers. comm.).Probably no North American digger wasp has been more thoroughly
studied than B. americana (Evans 1957, 1966; Evans and
Matthews 1968). However there has only been one report of this.
species making nests with more than a single call (Parker 1925).
Evans (1966) notes the uniqueness of this account and the difficulty
of accurately digging out nests in dense colonies. Nevertheless in
the course of my work I discovered that some of the wasps in Seattle
were making multi‐celled nests. The evidence for this is presented
here as well as data on the nest building behavior of marked females
over a period of time.
Morphology of the Sternal Glands of Polistes Fuscatus and P. Canadensis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Post David C. , Jeanne Robert L. 
Published: April 2008

Although 13 exocrine glands have been located in wasps of the
genus Polistes, and 12 in Mischocyttarus (Landolt and Akre, 1979),
their morphology and functions have been little studied. Recently,
however, the sternal gland on the sixth gastral (terminal) segment of
females of these wasps has attracted attention because its secretion is
repugnant to some species of ants. Female wasps rub the secretion
onto the nest petiole, thus forming a chemical barrier against
predatory ants (Jeanne, 1970; Hermann and Dirks, 1974; Turillazzi
and Ugolini, 1978, 1979; Post, 1980).Close to the anterior margin ofthe sternite is a hyaline area covered
with a tuft of long hairs (‘sternal brush’) (van der Vecht, 1968). In
Polistes a cluster of gland cells underlies the cuticle on each side of the
sternal brush (Landolt and Akre, 1979; Turillazzi, 1979). Ducts lead
from the gland cells to the cuticular surface within the sternal brush.
A smaller number of gland cells also occurs in a band along the
anterior margin of the fifth gastral sternite (Hermann and Dirks,
1974; Turillazzi, 1979).We undertook the present study to determine the presence of these
glands in Polistes fuscatus (F.), a temperate zone species, and in P.
canadensis (L.), a tropical species, and to compare the size and
morphology of the glands in these species with those in congeners
previously investigated by Hermann and Dirks (1974) and Turillazzi
(1979)
An Unusual New Genus of ChrysididaeFrom Oman (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Kimsey Lynn Siri 
Published: April 2008

The chrysidid tribe Elampini comprises a diverse group of genera.
There are a number of small (1‐3 species) highly derived genera in
this group. Nearly all of these occur in 2 regions, southwestern
North America and the area comprising the Middle East, southern
USSR and North Africa. The small North American genera are
Hedychreides Bohart, Microchridium Bohart, Minymischa Kimsey,
Pseudolopyga Bodenstein and Xerochrum Bobart. Those in the latter
region include: Haba Semenov, Prochridium Linsenmaier and
the new genus, Adelopyga, described below. One genus, Muesebeckidium
Krombein, occurs in both North and South America.The following abbreviations are used: F = flagellomere, MOD = midocellus diameter, PD = puncture diameter, Rs = forewing
radial sector, and S = gastral sternum.
A Key to the Species of SpintharinaWith Descriptions of New Species andIndication of Species Groups(Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
Authors: Bohart Richard M. 
Published: April 2008

Spintharina Semenov (type species: vagans Radoszkowski occurs
in the southern Palearctic and Ethiopian Regions. This group is
characterized by the absence of teeth on tergum III, a long triangular
forewing marginal cell, and an apically blunt or emarginate
lateral propodeal projection. Fragmentary evidence points to Masaridae
as hosts. have been able to study types or authentically
determined specimens of 23 of the 26 species. Status of the other 3 is
in doubt. Complete synonymy and distribution will be given in a
generic revision of Chrysididae now in preparation by L. S. Kimsey
and R. M. Bohart. I would like to thank Dr. Kimsey for turning
over to me her basic research on the genus, and for reviewing this
paper.Technical terms used in the key and descriptions are: F‐I etc.,
flagellomeres; T‐I etc., terga; S‐I etc., sterna; MOD, midocellus
diameter.Type material has been studied at or borrowed from most of the
important European and South African Museums. Acknowledgements
will be made in the aforementioned revision.
New Praestochrysis and Notes on DescribedSpecies From the Oriental Region(Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
Authors: Bohart R. M. 
Published: April 2008

The genus Praestochrysis Linsenmaier is distinguished by having
5 distinct teeth on tergum III and a rather stout antenna. In any case
the latter has flagellomere I less than 3 times as long as broad.
Bohart (1986, Insecta Mundi 1:148‐154) gave a key to species of the
Ethiopian Region. One additional species, lamborni, is here described
from that region. It keys out to couplet 6 in the 1986 paper
but differs in having no transverse frontal carina.Abbreviations used in the following descriptions are: F‐I, etc.,
flagellomeres; TFC, transverse frontal carina; MOD, median ocellus
diameter; T‐I, etc., terga; S‐II, sternum.
Where and When It Hurts Most: The Theology of Hope and Accompaniment in the Context of HIV and Aids in Marriage and Family Life
Authors: Mashau  
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe reality and effects of HIV and Aids are enormous and devastating, i.e. marriages are broken, the married are widowed and children become orphans. This has direct impact in the church's life in that some of the people infected and affected by the spread of HIV and Aids are members of the global church. In most cases these people are rejected and judged by the church without realising that the church is rejecting its own. Metaphorically speaking the church of God is HIV positive whenever one of its own is positive. The main question that this paper addresses is: what is it to become a church when and where the effects of HIV and Aids shake marriages and families? What should be the response of the church in the light of the scourge that she faces? This paper proposes a theology of hope and accompaniment that seeks to stand in solidarity with those infected and affected by HIV and Aids thereby providing them with hope that enables them deal with the present as they wait eagerly for the future.
'Hawks and Doves': The Impact of Operation Murambatsvina on Johane Marange Apostolic Church in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sibanda Fortune , Makahamadze Tompson , Maposa Richard Shadreck 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper discusses the socio-economic and religious impact of Operation Murambatsvina on Johane Marange Apostolic Church in Masvingo, a city and Zvishavane, a mining town. It adopts a comparative approach in order to demonstrate the extent to which this phenomenon impacted on the religious and socio-economic activities of this movement in the two urban centres. While the majority of the church members were negatively affected, there are some who unintentionally benefited from this operation. The church was threatened numerically and theologically as some members were forced to translocate to rural areas. It is argued that in spite of the continued disruptions by the government and municipal authorities, the Vapositori of Marange continue to operate their informal business and missionary activities without necessarily compromising their traditions. The paper uses the 'hawks and doves' metaphor to demonstrate the relationship between the marauding government and municipal police and the vulnerable Vapositori during and in the post-Murambatsvina era.
Aristotle and the Problem of Human Knowledge
Authors: Wians William 
Published: April 2008

AbstractI shall argue that, according to Aristotle, the knowledge we may attain is profoundly qualified by our status as human knowers. Throughout the corpus, Aristotle maintains a separation of knowledge at the broadest level into two kinds, human and divine. The separation is not complete—human knowers may enjoy temporarily what god or the gods enjoy on a continuous basis; but the division expresses a fact about humanity's place in the cosmos, one that imposes strict conditions on what we may know, with what degree of certainty, and in what areas. While passages bearing on human knowledge are familiar, looking at them collectively and in comparison with certain other well known Aristotelian doctrines may significantly affect how we understand the goals of his philosophy and why our hopes for reaching them must be limited.
Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part IV: Boundary Layer Cloud Objects during 1998 El Niño
Authors: Xu Kuan-Man , Wong Takmeng , Wielicki Bruce A. , Parker Lindsay 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Three boundary layer cloud object types—overcast, stratocumulus, and cumulus—that occurred over the Pacific Ocean during January–August 1998 are identified from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) single scanner footprint data. Characteristics of each cloud object type matched with atmospheric states are examined for large regions in the tropics and subtropics and for different size categories. Stratocumulus cloud objects dominate the entire boundary layer cloud population in all regions and size categories. Overcast cloud objects, which have the largest average size, are more prevalent in the subtropics and near the coastal regions, while cumulus cloud objects are prevalent over the open oceans and the equatorial regions, particularly within the small-size categories. Cloud objects with equivalent diameters less than 75 km are excluded in the analysis.
The differences between the tropical and subtropical statistical distributions of cloud properties are small for liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical depth, and top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) albedo, but large for cloud-top temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), for each of the three cloud object types. The larger cloud objects have higher LWPs, cloud optical depths, TOA albedos, and OLRs, but lower SSTs and cloud-top heights for the stratocumulus and overcast types. Lower-tropospheric stability seems to be the primary factor for the differences in the distributions of cloud physical properties between the regions or between the size categories. Atmospheric dynamics also play a role in determining the differences in the distributions of cloud physical properties between the size categories, but not a significant role for those between the types or between the regions. The latter may be due to uncertainties in the matched vertical velocity data. When the three cloud object types are combined in small regions, lower-tropospheric stability determines the transition of boundary layer cloud types along a Pacific transect. The proportion of each type is the most important factor for diagnosing the combined cloud properties along this transect, such as LWP, cloud optical depth, and TOA albedo. Atmospheric dynamics also play complicated roles in determining the combined cloud properties along this transect.