bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors and heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease G3–G5 and G5D: a Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the ESC and the European Association of Rehabilitation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kouidi Evangelia , Hanssen Henner , Anding-Rost Kirsten , Cupisti Adamasco , Deligiannis Asterios , Grupp Clemens , Koufaki Pelagia , Leeson Paul , Segura-Orti Eva , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline , Clyne Naomi , Halle Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most patients reveal a high prevalence of CV risk factors such as diabetes or arterial hypertension and many have manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure with an increased risk of clinical events including sudden cardiac death. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension contribute to the development of CKD and the prevalence of CKD is in the range of 20–65% in diabetic and 30–50% in hypertensive patients. Therefore, prevention and optimal treatment of CV risk factors and comorbidities are key strategies to reduce CV risk and improve survival in CKD. Beyond common CV risk factors, patients with CKD are often physically inactive and have low physical function leading to subsequent frailty with muscle fatigue and weakness, sarcopenia and increased risk of falling. Consequently, the economic health burden of CKD is high, requiring feasible strategies to counteract this vicious cycle. Regular physical activity and exercise training (ET) have been shown to be effective in improving risk factors, reducing CVD and reducing frailty and falls. Nonetheless, combining ET and a healthy lifestyle with pharmacological treatment is not frequently applied in clinical practice. For that reason, this Clinical Consensus Statement reviews the current literature and provides evidence-based data regarding the role of ET in reducing CV and overall burden in patients with CKD. The aim is to increase awareness among cardiologists, nephrologists, and healthcare professionals of the potential of exercise therapy in order to encourage implementation of ET in clinical practice, eventually reducing CV risk and disease, as well as reducing frailty in patients with CKD G3–G5D.
Can rectal MRI and endorectal ultrasound accurately predict the complete response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy for rectal cancer?
Authors: Zhai Menglan , Lin Zhenyu , Wang Haihong , Yang Jinru , Li Mingjie , Li Xin , Zhang Lan , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Standardized assessments of clinical complete response (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for rectal cancer have been established, but their utility and accuracy remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of rectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endorectal ultrasonography (ERUS) for the determination of cCRs after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and to investigate the concordance between cCR and pathological complete response (pCR).

Methods
Ninety-four patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without immunotherapy were included. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each evaluation method were calculated.

Results
Combined MRI and ERUS assessments found cCR in seven of the 94 patients in our cohort. In the non-immunotherapy group, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI for diagnosing cCR were 50.0%, 85.2%, and 77.1%, respectively, whereas those of ERUS were 50.0%, 92.6%, and 82.9%, respectively; those of combined MRI and ERUS were 25.0%, 96.3%, and 87.5%, respectively. In the immunotherapy group, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with which MRI identified CR were 51.7%, 76.7%, and 64.4%, respectively; those of ERUS were 13.8%, 90.0%, and 52.5%, respectively, and those of combined MRI and ERUS were 10.3%, 96.7%, and 54.2%, respectively. We also found that 32 of 37 patients with pCR did not meet the cCR evaluation criteria. Of these pCR patients, 78.4% (29/37) received immunotherapy. In the entire cohort, there were five pCRs among the seven cCRs. Of the four cCRs that occurred in the immunotherapy group, three were pCRs.

Conclusions
Rectal MRI and/or ERUS did not provide sufficiently accurate assessments of cCR in patients with rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy, especially immunotherapy, and cCR did not predict pCR.
Profiles of Lifestyle Health Behaviors and Postmortem Dementia-Related Neuropathology
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S , Wagner Maude , Rogers Christina A , Mehta Rupal I , Bennett David A , Tangney Christy , Schoeny Michael E , Halloway Shannon , Arvanitakis Zoe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High engagement in lifestyle health behaviors appears to be protective against cognitive decline in aging. We investigated the association between patterns of modifiable lifestyle health behaviors and common brain neuropathologies of dementia as a possible mechanism. We examined 555 decedents from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, free of dementia at their initial concurrent report of lifestyle health behaviors of interest (physical, social, and cognitive activities, and healthy diet), and who underwent a postmortem neuropathology evaluation. First, we used latent profile analysis to group participants based on baseline behavior patterns. Second, we assessed the associations of profile membership with each neurodegenerative (global Alzheimer’s disease [AD] pathology, amyloid-beta load, density of neurofibrillary tangles, and presence of cortical Lewy bodies and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 cytoplasmic inclusions) and neurovascular pathologies (presence of chronic gross or microscopic infarcts, arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), using separate linear or logistic regression models, adjusted for age at death, sex (core model), vascular disease risk factors, and vascular conditions (fully adjusted model). Participants had either consistently lower (N = 224) or consistently higher (N = 331) engagement across 4 lifestyle health behaviors. We generally found no differences in neuropathologies between higher and lower engagement groups in core or fully adjusted models; for example, higher engagement in lifestyle health behaviors was not associated with global AD pathology after core or full adjustment (both p &gt; .8). In conclusion, we found no evidence of associations between patterns of lifestyle health behaviors and neuropathology. Other mechanisms may underlie protective effects of health behaviors against dementia.
Roles of the APETALA3–3 ortholog in the petal identity specification and morphological differentiation in Delphinium anthriscifolium flowers
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xie Yanru , Xie Wenjie , Li Li , Zhang Hanghang , Duan Xiaoshan , Zhang Rui , Guo Liping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) with its unique and highly complex floral structure is an ideal system to address some key questions in terms of morphological and evolutionary studies in flowers. In D. anthriscifolium, for example, the original eight petal primordia differentiate into three types at maturity (i.e., two dorsal spurred, two lateral flat, and four ventral reduced petals). The mechanisms underlying their identity determination and morphological differentiation remain unclear. Here, through a comprehensive approach combining digital gene expression (DGE) profiles, in situ hybridization, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we explore the role of the APETALLATA3–3 (AP3–3) ortholog in D. anthriscifolium. Our findings reveal that the DeanAP3–3 not only functions as a traditionally known petal identity gene but also plays a critical role in petal morphological differentiation. The DeanAP3–3 gene is expressed in all the petal primordia before their morphological differentiation at earlier stages, but shows a gradient expression level difference along the dorsventral floral axis, with higher expression level in the dorsal spurred petals, intermediate level in the lateral flat petals and lower level in the ventral reduced petals. VIGS experiments revealed that flowers with strong phenotypic changes showed a complete transformation of all the three types of petals into non-spurred sepals. However, in the flowers with moderate phenotypic changes, the transformation of spurred petals into flat petals is associated with moderate silencing of the DeanAP3–3 gene, suggesting a significant impact of expression level on petal morphological differentiation. This research also shed some insights into the role of changes in gene expression levels on morphological differentiation in plants.
Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses provide insights into the evolution and development of a medicinal plantSaposhnikovia divaricata(Apiaceae)
Authors: Wang Zhen-Hui , Liu Xiao , Cui Yi , Wang Yun-He , Lv Ze-Liang , Cheng Lin , Liu Bao , Liu Hui , Liu Xin-Yang , Deyholos Michael K , Han Zhong-Ming , Yang Li-Min , Xiong Ai-Sheng , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSaposhnikovia divaricata, 2n = 2x = 16, as a perennial species, is widely distributed in China, Mongolia, Russia, etc. It is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat tetanus, rubella pruritus, rheumatic arthralgia, and other diseases. Here, we assembled a 2.07 Gb and N50 scaffold length of 227.67 Mb high-quality chromosome-level genome of S. divaricata based on the PacBio Sequel II sequencing platform. The total number of genes identified was 42 948, and 42 456 of them were functionally annotated. A total of 85.07% of the genome was composed of repeat sequences, comprised mainly of long terminal repeats (LTRs) which represented 73.7% of the genome sequence. The genome size may have been affected by a recent whole-genome duplication event. Transcriptional and metabolic analyses revealed bolting and non-bolting S. divaricata differed in flavonoids, plant hormones, and some pharmacologically active components. The analysis of its genome, transcriptome, and metabolome helped to provide insights into the evolution of bolting and non-bolting phenotypes in wild and cultivated S. divaricata and lays the basis for genetic improvement of the species.
Telomere-to-telomere reference genome for Panax ginseng highlights the evolution of saponin biosynthesis
Authors: Song Yiting , Zhang Yating , Wang Xu , Yu Xikai , Liao Yi , Zhang Hao , Li Linfeng , Wang Yingping , Liu Bao , Li Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a representative of Chinese traditional medicine, also used worldwide, while the triterpene saponin ginsenoside is the most important effective compound within it. Ginseng is an allotetraploid, with complex genetic background, making the study of its metabolic evolution challenging. In this study, we assembled a telomere-to-telomere ginseng reference genome, constructed of 3.45 Gb with 24 chromosomes and 77 266 protein-coding genes. Additionally, the reference genome was divided into two subgenomes, designated as subgenome A and B. Subgenome A contains a larger number of genes, whereas subgenome B has a general expression advantage, suggesting that ginseng subgenomes experienced asymmetric gene loss with biased gene expression. The two subgenomes separated approximately 6.07 million years ago, and subgenome B shows the closest relation to Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. Comparative genomics revealed an expansion of gene families associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis in both ginseng subgenomes. Furthermore, both tandem duplications and proximal duplications play crucial roles in ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also screened functional genes identified in previous research and found that some of these genes located in colinear regions between subgenomes have divergence functions, revealing an unbalanced evolution in both subgenomes and the saponin biosynthesis pathway in ginseng. Our work provides important resources for future genetic studies and breeding programs of ginseng, as well as the biosynthesis of ginsenosides.
Fishing, Freedom, and the Market in Early Modern London
Authors: Sargeant Jack David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1699, London’s Billingsgate fish market was confirmed as a ‘free market’ by parliament. This statute marked the culmination of a commercial conflict between London’s Fishmongers’ Company and their arriviste rivals, the Company of Free Fishermen. This article uses the conflict to examine shifting ideas and practices governing the food markets of early modern London. Tensions between the popular values of the moral economy and the novel commercial and military priorities of central government placed strain on traditional understandings of economic ‘freedom’, as authorities increasingly came to accept the role of market competition in the allocation of basic foodstuffs.
A comprehensive review on reliability and degradation of PV modules based on failure modes and effect analysis
Authors: Rajput Pramod , Singh Digvijay , Singh K Y , Karthick Alagar , Shah Mohd Asif , Meena Radhey Shyam , Zahra Musaddak Maher Abdul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This review paper aims to evaluate the impact of defects on the reliability and degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules during outdoor exposure. A comprehensive analysis of existing literature was conducted to identify the primary causes of degradation and failure modes in PV modules, with a particular focus on the effect of defects. Based on a risk priority number (RPN) analysis of previous studies, dust accumulation on the PV surface (severity = 9), module shading (severity = 8) and humidity (severity = 7) were found to be the most significant causes of degradation. Furthermore, the degree of performance and degradation of PV modules were analyzed based on the identified failure mechanisms and modes. The analysis revealed that the decrease in efficiency ranged from 0.2 to 3%. The dust accumulation reduced the module efficiency by 3%, while corrosion in the module decreased efficiency by 1.9%. These findings highlight the importance of addressing specific defects to maintain optimal PV module performance in outdoor conditions. This review paper provides valuable insights into the effect of defects on the performance of PV modules, and critical defects occur during outdoor exposure to PV modules which depend on the type of PV technology and outdoor environment conditions and are able to mitigate the further performance of PV modules. The present study will help manufacturers improve the design and maintenance strategies of PV systems.
A flexible time-to-build model of supply chain disruptions
Authors: Kahn James 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: Aris Syntetos
This paper examines the impact of temporary supply chain disruptions in a general equilibrium model with multiple stages of production for capital goods and a flexible time-to-build structure. Production disruptions at one or more stages result in declines in overall shipments and increases in the ratios of unfilled orders and work-in-process inventories to shipments. The model is calibrated to industries in durable goods manufacturing during the Covid-19 pandemic, and is shown to generate realistic dynamic responses to temporary production disruptions. Consistent with the data, an unanticipated 1-month disruption to upstream production results in a decline in shipments and an increase in the ratio of unfilled orders to shipments lasting more than 6 months.
An Elekes–Rónyai Theorem for Sets With Few Products
Authors: Mudgal Akshat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven $n \in \mathbb{N}$, we call a polynomial $F \in \mathbb{C}[x_{1},\dots ,x_{n}]$ degenerate if there exist $P\in \mathbb{C}[y_{1}, \dots , y_{n-1}]$ and monomials $m_{1}, \dots , m_{n-1}$ with fractional exponents, such that $F = P(m_{1}, \dots , m_{n-1})$. Our main result shows that whenever a polynomial $F$, with degree $d \geq 1$, is non-degenerate, then for every finite, non-empty set $A\subset \mathbb{C}$ such that $|A\cdot A| \leq K|A|$, one has $$ \begin{align*} & |F(A, \dots, A)| \gg |A|^{n} 2^{-O_{d,n}((\log 2K)^{3 + o(1)})}. \end{align*} $$This is sharp since for every degenerate $F$ and finite set $A \subset \mathbb{C}$ with $|A\cdot A| \leq K|A|$, one has $$ \begin{align*} & |F(A,\dots,A)| \ll K^{O_{F}(1)}|A|^{n-1}.\end{align*} $$Our techniques rely on Freiman type inverse theorems and Schmidt’s subspace theorem.
Varied microbial community assembly and specialization patterns driven by early life microbiome perturbation and modulation in young ruminants
Authors: Pan Zhe , Ma Tao , Steele Michael , Guan Le Luo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Perturbations and modulations during early life are vital to affect gut microbiome assembly and establishment. In this study, we assessed how microbial communities shifted during calf diarrhea and with probiotic yeast supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, SCB) and determined the key bacterial taxa contributing to the microbial assembly shifts using a total of 393 fecal samples collected from 84 preweaned calves during an 8-week trial. Our results revealed that the microbial assembly patterns differed between healthy and diarrheic calves at 6- and 8-week of the trial, with healthy calves being stochastic-driven and diarrheic calves being deterministic-driven. The two-state Markov model revealed that SCB supplementation had a higher possibility to shift microbial assembly from deterministic- to stochastic-driven in diarrheic calves. Furthermore, a total of 23 and 21 genera were specific ecotypes to assembly patterns in SCB-responsive (SCB-fed calves did not exhibit diarrhea) and nonresponsive (SCB-fed calves occurred diarrhea) calves, respectively. Among these ecotypes, the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that Blautia and Ruminococcaceae UCG 014, two unidentified genera from the Ruminococcaceae family, had the highest predictiveness for microbial assembly patterns in SCB-responsive calves, while Prevotellaceae, Blautia, and Escherichia-Shigella were the most predictive bacterial taxa for microbial assembly patterns in SCB-nonresponsive calves. Our study suggests that microbiome perturbations and probiotic yeast supplementation serving as deterministic factors influenced assembly patterns during early life with critical genera being predictive for assembly patterns, which sheds light on mechanisms of microbial community establishment in the gut of neonatal calves during early life.
The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report
Authors: Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M , Wright Nicole C , Yu Elaine W , Langsetmo Lisa , Yearwood Gabby M H , Crandall Carolyn J , Leslie William D , Cauley Jane A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using race and ethnicity in clinical algorithms potentially contributes to health inequities. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Professional Practice Committee convened the ASBMR Task Force on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk to determine the impact of race and ethnicity adjustment in the US Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (US-FRAX). The Task Force engaged the University of Minnesota Evidence–based Practice Core to conduct a systematic review investigating the performance of US-FRAX for predicting incident fractures over 10 years in Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White individuals. Six studies from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) were eligible; cohorts only included women and were predominantly White (WHI &gt; 80% and SOF &gt; 99%), data were not consistently stratified by race and ethnicity, and when stratified there were far fewer fractures in Black and Hispanic women vs White women rendering area under the curve (AUC) estimates less stable. In the younger WHI cohort (n = 64 739), US-FRAX without bone mineral density (BMD) had limited discrimination for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) (AUC 0.53 (Black), 0.57 (Hispanic), and 0.57 (White)); somewhat better discrimination for hip fracture in White women only (AUC 0.54 (Black), 0.53 (Hispanic), and 0.66 (White)). In a subset of the older WHI cohort (n = 23 918), US-FRAX without BMD overestimated MOF. The Task Force concluded that there is little justification for estimating fracture risk while incorporating race and ethnicity adjustments and recommends that fracture prediction models not include race or ethnicity adjustment but instead be population-based and reflective of US demographics, and inclusive of key clinical, behavioral, and social determinants (where applicable). Research cohorts should be representative vis-à-vis race, ethnicity, gender, and age. There should be standardized collection of race and ethnicity; collection of social determinants of health to investigate impact on fracture risk; and measurement of fracture rates and BMD in cohorts inclusive of those historically underrepresented in osteoporosis research.
Strategic Fertility, Education Choices, and Conflicts in Deeply Divided Societies
Authors: Bezin Emeline , Chabé-Ferret Bastien , de la Croix David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fertility becomes a strategic choice for minorities when having a larger share of the population helps to increase power. If parents invest resources to educate their children, then raising fertility for strategic reasons might be at the cost of future human capital. We dispel this view using census data from several developing countries. We show that religious and ethnic minorities in Indonesia, China, and Malaysia tend to invest more in both education and fertility compared to larger groups. Solving for the Nash equilibrium of an appropriation game between two groups with education and fertility being prescribed as group-specific behavioral norms, we offer a rationale for the observed patterns provided that human capital is an important input to appropriation.
A metabarcoding assessment of the diet of the insectivorous bats of Madeira Island, Macaronesia
Authors: Gonçalves Angelina , Nóbrega Eva K , Rebelo Hugo , Mata Vanessa A , Rocha Ricardo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Understanding the trophic structure of species assemblages is crucial in order to comprehend how syntropic species coexist in space and time. Bats are the second most taxonomically diverse group of mammals and display a wide range of dietary strategies. Due to their ability to disperse over water, ca. 60% of all extant bat species occur on islands and for the most part their interspecific ecological interactions are poorly known. Using DNA metabarcoding, this study offers the first insights into the diet of Macaronesian bats by providing a holistic overview of prey consumed by all 3 bat species found on Madeira Island (Pipistrellus maderensis, Nyctalus leisleri verrucosus, and Plecotus austriacus) and investigating both interspecific (between P. maderensis and N. l. verrucosus) and intraspecific (between female and male N. l. verrucosus) dietary differences. We identified a total of 110 species of arthropod prey in the diet of the 3 bat species, including multiple agriculture and forestry pest species, a human disease-relevant species, and numerous taxa not previously recorded on the island. Lepidoptera was the primary prey order for all 3 bat species. The diet composition of P. maderensis and N. l. verrucosus differed significantly, with P. maderensis consuming more Diptera and multiple prey taxa not found in the diet of N. l. verucosus. Moreover, male N. l. verrucosus exhibited a broader niche breadth than females. This study is among the first to use DNA metabarcoding to evaluate the diet of insular bats and thus greatly advances knowledge regarding the trophic ecology and pest suppression services of these poorly-known mammals.