bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF STRONTIUM SELENITE BROTH AND MANNITOL‐SELENITE‐CYSTINE BROTH IN THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM EGG PRODUCTS
Authors: Chandler RA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOf 103 isolations of Salmonella sp from egg pulp and albumen, 92 were made using strontium selenite enrichment broth and 54 were made using mannitol‐selenite‐cystine enrichment broth. The results suggest that the former medium may be used successfully for enrichment and subsequent detection of salmonellae in egg products.
COPPER DEFICIENCY IN THE RAT
Authors: Gallagher CH , Reeve Vivienne E , Wright R 
Published: November 2007

SummaryDaily administration of increasing closes intraperitoneally of 2·5–4·0 mg NaCN/kg to male Wistar rats for 5 weeks produced acute signs of poisoning immediately post‐injection hut no sign of chronic toxicity except lower final body weights than in control rats. CN−‐treated rats had less liver copper than controls, but not below the range of normality, and their liver mitochondrial membranes were 24% less able to bind adenine nucleotides than control membranes. No other biochemical or pathological sign of copper deficiency occurred. Liver cytochrome oxidase activity was normal after the 5 weeks of CN−administration, as was the ability of liver mitochondria to synthesize phospholipids. The ultrastructure of hepatocytes was normal without evidence of the enlarged, misshapen mitochondria produced by copper deficiency. Normal cytochrome oxidase activity of liver mitochondria, together with reduced liver copper levels and reduced binding affinity of mitochondrial membranes for adenine nucleotides, indicate that the membrane binding site for adenine nucleotides is not cytochrome oxidase per se but may involve copper, perhaps by virtue of its cationicity. With repeated exposure to CN− rats develop tolerance to acute poisoning. It is suggested that this may he due to the switch in glucose cata‐bolism towards the pentose pathway at the expense of other pathways.
DEFENCE REACTIONS IN AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AUSTRALIAN AND NEW GUINEAN FRESHWATER CRAYFISH TO EUROPEAN‐CRAYFISH‐PLAGUE FUNGUS
Authors: Unestam Torgny 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe deposition of melanin on the surface of the cell wall of the crayfish‐plague fungus, Aphanomyces astaci, in infected cuticles of Australian crayfish seemed to be correlated with some degree of resistance to infection.The most obvious reactions towards the fungal structures present in the blood in viva were their encapsulation by blood cells, many of which then disintegrated. This was followed by melanization of the fungal surface. Crayfish blood inhibited completely hyphal growth in vitro and the disintegrating blood cells were apparently responsible for this effect as well as for the melanization. Phagocytosis of fungal structures was not observed. Melanization in vivo and in vitro, due to a polyphenoloxidase released by the blood cells, was stimulated by the presence of the fungal cell wall surface. This seems to be a typical reaction of the crayfish in general.It was known earlier that European and Japanese freshwater crayfish are very susceptible to attack by the crayfish‐plague fundgs but that North American crayfish have a higher, although not complete, resistance and may be the natural hosts for the parasite. Nine species from different parts of Australia and from New Guinea were tested in aquaria and were all found to be susceptible, often very susceptible. Their susceptibility to infection was very similar to that of the European species, and the results support strongly the hypothesis that the parasite originated in North America and not in the Australian region or elsewhere, It would appear that man has not yet introduced the disease to the Australian region. Should this, however, occur, it will probably prove disastrous to the Australian and New Guinean freshwater crayfish fauna.
PURIFICATION, PROPERTIES AND KINETICS OF SHEEP AND HUMAN RENIN SUBSTRATES
Authors: Skinner SL , Dunn JR , Mazzetti J , Campbell DJ , Fidge NH 
Published: November 2007

SummarySheep plasma renin substrate was purified 1,200‐fold by using nephrectomised sheep plasma, followed by DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography and gel filtration. The purified substrate contained 8 μg angiotensin II/mg protein and had an estimated molecular weight of 52,000. The kinetic characteristics of the purified substrate were identical both to those of unpurified nephrectomised sheep plasma and to normal sheep plasma substrates. At pH 7·5, Km of the human renin‐sheep substrate reaction was 0·29 μM and for sheep renin‐sheep substrate, 2·0 μM. Sheep substrate was susceptible to peptic digestion with generation of pepsitensin.Human renin substrate was less readily purified. DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography of plasma from pregnant women at 36–40 weeks' gestation produced a 70‐fold increase in purity (0·9 μg angiotensin II/mg protein). No further increase was achieved with gel filtration. Human renin substrate behaved as a larger (mol. wt. 82,000) more anionic protein than sheep substrate and was resistant to the proteolytic actions of both pepsin and sheep renin. Km for the human renin‐human substrate reaction was high and could not be accurately determined (range 3–8 μM. mean 5·7 μM). The presence of human substrate in a human renin‐sheep substrate system did not alter the measured initial velocity.In both sheep and man, the normal concentration of renin substrate is considerably less than Km and must therefore be considered a determinant of angiotensin production rate in vivo.
RESISTANCE OF MICE TO KREBS ASCITES TUMOUR, SARCOMA S180 AND PC6 PLASMACYTOMA AFTER IMMUNISATION WITH SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS 11RX
Authors: Tindle RW , Neoh SH , Ashley MP , Hardy D , Kotlarski Ieva 
Published: November 2007

SummaryResistance to Krebs ascites tumour, sarcoma S180 (ascitic form) and PC6 plasmacytoma can be induced with prior immunisation with live Salmonella enteritidis 11RX. One thousand to ten thousand more tumour cells are needed to give an LD50 after immunisation. Resistance to PC6 could be recalled 137 days after intravenous immunisation with 11RX protein antigen intraperitoneally as measured by prolonged survival or monitoring the death of 5[131I]‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine labelled tumour cells in vivo. The range of tumours to which resistance can be produced by 11RX immunisation suggests that the mechanism of resistance does not involve antigens common to the tumours and Salmonella enteritidis 11RX.
LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC EFFECTS IN THE NON‐SPECIFIC TUMOUR RESISTANCE INDUCED BY ATTENUATED SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS 11RX IN MICE
Authors: Ashley MP , Neoh SH , Kotlarski Ieva , Hardy D 
Published: November 2007

SummarySuppression of growth of a number of different murine tumours, injected subcutaneously or into the foot pad, was induced by prior intraperitoneal or intravenous immunisation with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX. The effect of immunisation on tumour growth was relatively minor, but could be enhanced by addition of 11RX antigen preparations to the suspensions of tumour cells used for challenge. The significance of these findings is discussed.
EFFECTS OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ADRENAL MEDULLARY HORMONES ON DOG HIND LIMB BLOOD FLOW AFTER HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Anderson WP , Ludbrook J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe contributions of the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medullary catecholamines to the response of dog hind limb resistance vessels to haemorrhage were examined. Anaesthetized dogs were bled either 30% or 45% of blood volume. There was little difference between the vascular conductance response in untreated hind limbs and sympathectomized limbs. Conductance in limbs that had been both sympathectomized and alpha‐adrenergically blocked with phenoxybenzamine was markedly above that of untreated limbs. Blood flow in both the untreated limbs and the sympathectomized limbs was closely similar to that predicted from the pressure‐flow curve for the hind limbs obtained in non‐bled dogs. Flow was higher than predicted in the limbs with combined sympathectomy and alpha‐adrenergic blockade. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system exerted little vasoconstrictive influence after haemorrhage, but that circulatory catecholamines exerted a strong vasoconstrictive influence that was opposed in the normal limbs by an almost equally powerful vasodilatory force of undetermined origin.
AN EVALUATION OF SELECTIVE BROTHS BASED ON THE BI‐SELENITE ION AND ON HYPERTONIC STRONTIUM CHLORIDE IN SALMONELLAE DETECTION IN EGG PRODUCTS
Authors: Chandler RA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOf the 104 isolations of Salmonella sp. from egg pulp, 97 were obtained from strontium chloride M broth, 42 from strontium selenite broth and 57 from strontium selenite A broth. The results suggest that the first medium may be used more successfully than bi‐selenite based media for enrichment and subsequent detection of salmonellae in egg products; however, the growth of S. pullorum was not satisfactory in strontium chloride M broth.
THE ROLE OF THYMUS‐DERIVED CELLS IN IMMUNITY TO SALMONELLA INFECTION
Authors: Davies R , Kotlarski Ieva 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe ability of thymus‐derived (T) cell depleted mice to eliminate a dose of the normally avirulent 11RX strain of Salmonella enteritidis was compared to that of normal mice by following the fate of the challenge organisms in the liver and spleen of both types of mice. Although the mice did not require normal numbers of T cells to survive infection with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX, T cell depiction reduced the ability of mice effectively to eliminate the organism from their tissues.In addition, T cell depletion abolished the ability of live Salmonella enteritidis 11RX vaccine to protect mice against a subsequent challenge with the virulent C5 strain of Salmonella typhimurium.
THE SPECIFICITY OF NEMATODE ALLERGENS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS
Authors: Hogarth‐Scott RS , Feery Brian J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryExtracts of nematodes have been used as skin test antigens in the diagnosis of nematode infections for many years. Ascaris lumbricoides and Taxocara canis are two nematodes commonly involved in human parasitism, the latter being associated with the clinical condition of Visceral Larva Migrans.In vitro and in vivo experiments reported in this paper confirm experimentally, as well as clinically, the existence of cross‐reacting antigens between T. canis and Ascaris spp., and probably between T. canis and other nematodes. These cross‐reactions compromise the usefulness of skin tests in the diagnosis of such parasitic infections.
CYTOTOXIC T CELLS IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY OF MICE INFECTED WITH ECTROMELIA VIRUS
Authors: Pang T , Gardner ID , Blanden RV 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPeritoneal exudate cells from mice infected with ectromelia virus were cytotoxic for virus‐infected target cells as measured in a 51Cr release assay. Cytotoxic activity seemed to be T cell‐dependent as it was largely abolished by treatment with anti‐θ serum and complement but was not impaired by macrophage depletion. The kinetics of development of cytotoxicity in the peritoneal cavity lagged behind spleen cytotoxicity by 1–2 days. Peak activity in peritoneal cells was present about 6 days after intravenous infection with virus. These studies suggest that macrophages present in the free peritoneal cell populations of ectromelia‐infected mice are not cytotoxic for virus‐infected target cells. The effect of macrophages in virus clearance is therefore likely to be due to phagocytic rather than cytotoxic effects.
ELECTROLYTIC O‐DEMETHYLATION OF METHOXYCATECHOLAMINES
Authors: Head RJ , Parker DAS 
Published: November 2007

SummaryElectrolysis of 3‐niethoxycatecholamines in physiological solutions resulted in the formation of the parent catecholamines and their oxidation products. Conversion occurred at the anode. Maximal catecholamine production occurred in the presence of ascorhic acid.
THE INFLUENCE OF ADRENERGIC NERVES ON THE RESPONSE OF BLOOD VESSELS IN THE RABBIT EAR TO 2‐PHENYLALANINE‐8‐LYSINE VASOPRESSIN (OCTAPRESSIN)
Authors: Gerke DC , Frewin DB , Frost BR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe blood vessels in the rabbit ear have been used to investigate the effects of octapressin on vascular smooth muscle. Continuous administration of this drug resulted in tachyphylaxis. Cocaine enhanced the response of the ear to octapressin; however, this potentiation was not evident when phentolamine was concurrently added to the perfusate. Denervation and reserpinisation of the ear also eliminated the potentiation of octapressin's response by cocaine. The results suggest that there is a small, indirect sympathomimetic component involved in octapressin's action on the vasculature.
ORD RIVER ARBOVIRUSES — ISOLATIONS FROM MOSQUITOES
Authors: Liehne CG , Leivers S , Stanley NF , Alpers MP , Paul S , Liehne PFS , Chan KH 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOne hundred and thirty presumptive viruses have been isolated from 485 pools made from 23,872 mosquitoes collected in the Ord River area of North‐West Australia. One hundred and eleven of the virus isolates came from pools of Culex annulirostris, the dominant mosquito species caught in the vicinity of Kununurra. Forty‐five of the viruses pathogenic for newborn mice have been further characterized‐19 as Flaviviruses, 1 Alphavirus, 9 Koongol, 1 Mapputta and 15 non‐haemagglutinating viruses of which 6 are Corriparta. Thirty‐seven isolates were from Culex annulirostris. 7 from Aedeomyia catasticta and 1 from Aedes tremuls. All Corriparta isolates were from Aedeomyia catasticta. The Flaviviruses comprised 13 Kunjin and MVE isolates.
ASSAY OF HUMAN LYMPHOKINES IN VITRO. EVIDENCE FOR A MIGRATION STIMULATION FACTOR (MStF) WHICH INTERFERES WITH THE MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITION ASSAY
Authors: Aaskov JG , Anthony Honor M 
Published: November 2007

SummaryWhen cultured in vitro, human lymphocytes produced a range of materials which were able to reduce the migration inhibitory effect of human macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and in some cases stimulated macrophage migration to greater than control levels. In addition, lymphocytes stimulated with antigen or mitogen produced a lymphokine‐like migration stimulation “factor”. Detectable production of this factor occurred 24–48 h after antigen stimulation.The migration stimulation factor (MStF) (MVV 50–250,000; pI 6·5) was not chemotactic and could be separated from migration inhibition and chemotactic factors by chromatography and iso‐electric focussing.
STUDIES ON THE TRANSFER OF PLASMA IRON TO MILK IN THE LACTATING RAT
Authors: Loh TT , Kaldor I 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe transfer of an intravenous dose of 59Fe from plasma to milk in the lactating rat was a rapid process which accelerated exponentially with time until a plateau was reached 2 to 4 hours after injection. This transfer of iron involved little participation of the iron in the mammary gland pool. Also, neither the lactoferrin of the milk whey nor the iron‐carrier molecule of the casein played a specific role in the iron transfer process. The present results show that the total percentage of plasma 59Fe transferred to the milk and sucklings in the lactating rat is much more than those values reported in lactating rabbits (Tarvydas, Jordon and Morgan, 1968) and sows (Hansard, 1965).
INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF COPPER, CYTOCHROME OXIDASE, PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS AND ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING
Authors: Gallagher CH , Reeve Vivienne E 
Published: November 2007

SummaryStudies are reported on the interrelationships in liver mitochondria of copper status, cytochrome oxidase activity, adenine nucleotide binding capacity and phospholipid synthesis. Direct exposure of mitochondria to cyanide or diethyldithiocarbamate depressed cytochrome oxidase activity, ADP‐binding and phospholipid synthesis. Fractionation of mitochondria to increase the specific activity of cytochrome oxidase about 10‐fold did not increase the affinity to bind ADP. Ageing of mitochondria or dialysis of mitochondria or mitochondrial membrane preparations against water or diethyldithiocarbamate at 0–2° for 18 h did not decrease cytochrome oxidase activity or copper content of reisolated and resuspended mitochondria or mitochondrial membrane preparations, but considerably reduced the affinity to bind ADP. The respiratory inhibitors, fluoride and azide, at concentrations inhibitory to cytochrome oxidase did not reduce ADP‐binding or phospholipid synthesis. Atractyloside did not inhibit cytochrome oxidase activity but did inhibit ADP‐binding and phospholipid synthesis. Pre‐incubation of mitochondrial membrane preparations with Cu+ + increased the copper content and ADP‐binding affinity. The results indicate that cytochrome oxidase is not the ADP‐binding site of the mitochondrial membrane system and that reduced cytochrome oxidase activity per se does not depress binding affinity. Copper appears to be a component of the adenine nucleotide binding sites of mitochondrial membranes because the copper‐complexing agents, cyanide and diethyldithiocarbamate, depressed ADP‐binding, while increased mitochondrial membrane copper content increased ADP‐binding.
THE INHIBITORY INFLUENCE OF THE PYLORIC ANTRUM ON GASTRIC SECRETION IN DOGS
Authors: Hunt DR , Forrest APM 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of denervation of the pyloric antrum and of subsequent vagotomy on the secretory responses of an innervated or a denervated gastric‐pouch in the dog to histamine and pentagastrin was determined. The increased sensitivity of the gastric pouch to stimulation after these procedures is in keeping with the concept that an inhibitory reflex is concerned with the control of acid gastric secretion.
SEMI‐AUTOMATED CATECHOLAMINE ASSAY
Authors: Head RJ , Crabb GA , De La Lande IS , Frewin DB 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThree semi‐automated procedures are described for the estimation of the catecholamine contents of urine, tissue and plasma samples. The three procedures are based on the fIuorometric tri‐hydroxyindole assay which has been modified for automatic analysis. These techniques offer several advantages over currently available assays in that they are more convenient, provide for faster analysis rate and give increased sensitivity. The results of the present studies in which the catecholamine contents of urine, tissue and plasma samples were determined using the semi‐automated assay provided a range of values which was identical to that obtained using other methods.
THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN PRETREATMENT ON THE SWEATING RESPONSE OF OLDER FEMALE SUBJECTS
Authors: Tam HS , Frewin DB , Elliott K , Luke WK , Downey JA 
Published: November 2007

SummarySeven healthy female volunteers (aged 50 to 67 years) have been subjected to a thermal stress and their sweat rates evaluated using hygrosensors on five different locations on their body surface. It was found that the sweating rate was highest on the forehead in all but one of the subjects with the chest being the next most prominent site for the response. Five of the subjects were restudied after aspirin pretreatment. In the presence of this drug, resting body temperature was lowered, sweating occurred at a lower oral temperature and the mean sweating rate at a standardized body temperature was significantly higher. These findings are consistent with aspirin's known pharmacological actions, although in this study the increased sweating rates have been demonstrated in afebrile subjects.
BRAIN DAMAGE BY EXTRACTS OF PARASITISED ANNUAL RYEGRASS (LOLIUM RIGIDUM) IN NURSLING RATS
Authors: Peterson JE , Jago Marjorie V 
Published: November 2007

SummaryExtracts of annual ryegrass. (Lolium rigidum) infected with Anguina sp., and Corynebacterium sp. and associated with an outbreak of annual ryegrass toxicity in sheep, were administered to 2‐week‐old rats by a single intraperitoneal injection. Rats that received a lethal dose of toxin developed neurological signs including incoordination and convulsions from the second day and most died between 2 and 7 days after injection. Histologically, the brains showed widespread lesions of focal necrosis consistent with anoxia. Peripheral circulation rate was greatly reduced after 3 days and gangrene of the tail and hind legs developed in some rats, Evidence of restricted blond How was also seen in kidneys, lungs and bruin. It was concluded that the toxin contains a long‐acting vasoconstrictor.
IMPORTANCE OF LUMINAL LECITHIN IN INTESTINAL ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF LIPID IN THE RAT
Authors: Tso P , Simmonds WJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFeeding a gastric test meal, the absorption and transport of fat was studied in control and bile fistula rats with bile salts replaced but with and without egg lecithin supplemented. No evidence was found that luminal lecithin played an important role in the transport of absorbed fat as chylomicrons.
INCORPORATION OF [2‐3H] ETHANOLAMINE INTO RAT MUSCLE PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES
Authors: Shamgar Felix A , Collins Frederick D 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe contribution of phosphatidylethanolamine methylation to phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in rat muscle was investigated by studying the incorporation of [2‐3H] ethanolamine. The specific radioactivities of individual molecular species of muscle phosphoglycerides were measured by a combination of argentation thin‐layer chromatography and countercurrent distribution.The specific radioactivity of phosphatidylethanolamine was approximately one thousand times that of phosphatidylcholine. Amongst individual phosphatidylethanolamines, hexaenoic species possessed the highest specific radioactivities and tetracnoic the lowest. Because of the very low incorporation into phosphatidylcholine, the specific radioactivities of combined rather than of individual fractions were measured.The results indicate that the contribution of phosphatidylethanolamine methylation to the overall biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in muscle is of minor importance.
THE METABOLISM OF EXOGENOUS HISTAMINE BY AORTIC TISSUES
Authors: Foldes Andrew , Stacey Michael J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA thin layer chromatographic system is presented for the separation of histamine (H), 1,4‐methylhistamine (M), acid metabolites comprising imidazole and methylimidazole acetic acids (A) and N‐acetylhistamine (N).The system was applied to separation of the histamine metabolites formed following incubation of rabbit and guinea‐pig thoracic aorta segments with labelled histamine.The effects of various agents known to affect histamine uptake, storage and metabolism in vascular tissue were studied on the disposition of histamine metabolites.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANOMALOUS THERMOREGULATION IN THE PRE‐DIABETIC SPINY MOUSE (ACOMYS CAHIRINUS):
Authors: Wise PH 
Published: November 2007

SummaryDecreased cold tolerance, reduced food requirement for body weight maintenance and comparative resistance to the hypoglycemic effect of fasting in high ambient temperatures have been demonstrated in the spiny mouse. These phenomena could be related to anomalous spiny mouse thermoregulation, a phenomenon which is common in desert rodents and is simulated by mutant and artificially diabetic rodent species. The data can be interpreted as showing evidence for a survival advantage of genotypes with potential diabetic expression, and may provide an explanation of the geographic distribution of certain species.