bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐mediated inner ear disease and parvovirus b19
Authors: Cotter Cheryl S. , Singleton George T. , Corman Lourdes C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuman parvovirus B19 (HP‐B19), the etiologic agent of the common childhood illness erythema infectiosum, has been implicated in systemic immune disorders. Patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and/or dizziness, not readily categorized, were evaluated for immune‐mediated inner ear disease. Appropriate serologic studies including parvovirus B19 antibody titers were conducted. Thirty patients with suspected immune‐mediated inner ear disease were treated with corticosteroid trial for 5 to 7 days, then reexamined with repeat audiogram and/or vestibular testing. Seventeen patients with clinical response were treated with long‐term corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Six patients had positive HP‐B19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers and 8 patients had positive parvovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers. All 14 patients responded to therapy. Parvovirus B19, therefore, is a possible etiology of immune‐mediated inner ear disease.
Endoscopic laser excisional biopsy for selected glottic carcinomas
Authors: Peretti Giorgio , Cappiello Johnny , Nicolai Piero , Smussi Cinzia , Antonelli Antonino R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFrom January 1988 to December 1990, 44 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the true vocal cord (33 T1a, 11 Tis) underwent carbon dioxide laser excision. The mean follow‐up was 28 months (range, 12 to 44 months). Endoscopic excisional biopsy was the primary treatment in 38 of the 44 patients, whereas postoperative radiotherapy was added in 6 cases in which the pathology report showed positive margins. Recurrent vocal cord SCC developed in 8 (18%) of the cases, with an average interval of 17.8 months. Re‐treatment consisted of a second laser excision in 4 cases, radiotherapy in 1, hemilaryngectomy in 1, and total laryngectomy in 2. The definitive cure rate with endoscopic excisional biopsy for the patients originally treated with laser excision alone was 94.7% (36/38). Endoscopic laser treatment for selected glottic SCC proves to be an excellent alternative to radiotherapy or open neck surgery.
Parental Rules and Monitoring of Children’s Movie Viewing Associated With Children’s Risk for Smoking and Drinking
Authors: Dalton Madeline A. , Adachi-Mejia Anna M. , Longacre Meghan R. , Titus-Ernstoff Linda T. , Gibson Jennifer J. , Martin Susan K. , Sargent James D. , Beach Michael L. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. Evidence suggests that media portrayals of tobacco and alcohol use are important predictors of adolescent smoking and drinking. We examined the role of parents in monitoring and limiting children’s movie exposure and whether or not this was associated with a lower risk of adolescent smoking and drinking.DESIGN. We surveyed 2606 child-parent dyads between 2002 and 2003. We asked children (9–12 years of age) how often their parents engaged in specific behaviors to monitor their movie viewing and if their parents allowed them to watch R-rated movies. We also surveyed children about parental monitoring of nonmedia-related behaviors. The primary outcomes were risk of smoking and drinking alcohol, defined by attitudinal susceptibility or early experimentation with either substance.RESULTS. Less than half (45.0%) the children were prohibited from watching R-rated movies. Of those who were allowed to watch R-rated movies, one third (34.7%) always viewed them with a parent and two thirds (65.3%) sometimes watched them without a parent. Less than 10% of the children reported that their parents consistently engaged in all 4 movie-monitoring behaviors. Even after controlling for parental monitoring of nonmedia-related behaviors and other covariates, children were at lower risk of smoking and drinking if their parents prohibited them from watching R-rated movies. Parental coviewing of R-rated movies was associated with a lower risk of child smoking but not drinking if parents consistently monitored what their children watched.CONCLUSIONS. Parental rules and monitoring of children’s movie viewing may have a protective influence on children’s risk for smoking and drinking, over and above parental monitoring of nonmedia related behaviors. This highlights a potential role for parents in preventing early initiation of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents.
Mental Health Screening in Pediatric Practice: Factors Related to Positive Screens and the Contribution of Parental/Personal Concern
Authors: Hacker Karen A. , Myagmarjav Enkhbolor , Harris Victoria , Suglia Shakira Franco , Weidner Deborah , Link David 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The goals were to examine factors related to positive Pediatric Symptom Checklist scores in an urban practice and to examine the relative contribution of parental/personal concern about emotional and behavioral problems to mental health problem identification.METHODS. Annual screening using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist was implemented in Cambridge Pediatrics (Cambridge, MA). A social worker was colocated in the clinic to provide therapeutic interventions for patients. A sample of 1668 screened patients between 4 years 11 months and 19 years of age was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine factors predictive of positive Pediatric Symptom Checklist scores, including demographics, socioeconomic indicators, enrollment in counseling, and parental/personal concern. Parental/personal concern, counseling, and positive Pediatric Symptom Checklist scores were examined to determine their efficacy as screening methods.RESULTS. Six percent of the population had positive Pediatric Symptom Checklist scores. There were statistically significant relationships between a positive score and being in counseling, parental/personal concern, having public insurance, and living in an area with median household incomes of less than $50000. Parental/personal concern was 40% sensitive for a positive score. A positive Pediatric Symptom Checklist score with or without parental/personal concern identified 3.8% of the population; parental/personal concern with or without a positive Pediatric Symptom Checklist score identified 4.5%.CONCLUSIONS. Mental health screening can be effectively implemented in a pediatric practice. Colocated mental health professionals provide additional support. The combination of a screening tool and questions about parental/personal concern and present counseling can provide critical information about a child’s mental health.
Doppler Flow Velocimetry in the Superior Mesenteric Artery on the First Day of Life in Preterm Infants and the Risk of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Murdoch Edile M. , Sinha Ajay K. , Shanmugalingam Shanti T. , Smith Gordon C.S. , Kempley Stephen T. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to relate Doppler indices of splanchnic perfusion and vascular resistance to the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis.
METHODS. We conducted a prospective cohort study with analysis of Doppler flow velocity waveforms of splanchnic vessels on the first day of life. Clinical management and diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis were performed blind to the Doppler results in a tertiary NICU on 64 eligible preterm neonates admitted for intensive care. We measured necrotizing enterocolitis using an objective diagnostic classification.
RESULTS. When adjusted for gestational age at birth, the following indices of the Doppler flow velocity wave form in the superior mesenteric artery were significantly predictive of the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis: end-diastolic velocity, mean velocity, and pulsatility index. The association between necrotizing enterocolitis and Doppler velocimetry indicative of high vascular resistance was independent of a range of other factors and comorbidities (race, mode of delivery, umbilical arterial catheter, growth restriction, patent ductus arteriosus, jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, and hypotension).
CONCLUSIONS. We concluded that neonates with high resistance patterns of blood flow velocity in the superior mesenteric artery on the first day of life are at increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis.
Implementation and Case-Study Results of Potentially Better Practices for Family-Centered Care: The Family-Centered Care Map
Authors: Johnston Anne M. , Bullock Candice E. , Graham Jean E. , Reilly Maureen C. , Rocha Colleen , Hoopes Robert D. , Van Der Meid Vanessa , Gutierrez Susan , Abraham Marie R. 
Published: November 2006

Objective. The objective of this study was to enhance the ability to coordinate and deliver care in a holistic manner, through a family-centered care map, so that the developmental, physical, and psychosocial needs of the infant and family are met.Methods. A Web-based map was based on 7 distinct clinical phases with 3 variations of an infant's course through a NICU. Sixty-three potentially better practices were identified and 7 potentially better practices were implemented through case studies.Results. Measures of family satisfaction revealed improvements in delivery of family-centered care. Increases in discharge growth parameters for extremely low birth weight infants were demonstrated. Length of stay for very low birth weight infants decreased from 73 to 60 days in Vermont.Conclusions. The collaborative process enhances identification of potentially better practices and results in both qualitative and quantitative improvements in family-centered care.
Evaluation and Development of Potentially Better Practices for Staffing in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Atwater Amy , Hartmann Elaine , Brown Betty Beverly , Carteaux Pat , Freeman Maria , Hegwood Pat , Michael Laura , Rikli Joan , Secrest Joel , Bauman Barbara , Plsek Paul 
Published: November 2006

Objective. Five NICUs that participate in the Vermont Oxford Network's Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002 attempted to identify potentially better practices that would have a directly impact on nurse recruitment and retention. The group identified nurse recruitment and retention as an important initiative for many hospitals that face a nursing shortage.Methods. The group analyzed information from hospital demographics, literature reviews, process analysis questionnaires, and site visits.Results. The literature review, process analysis questionnaire, and benchmarking with magnet hospitals identified 5 drivers for retention and recruitment. The drivers evolved into 5 potentially better practices that cover orientation, recognition and rewards, work environment, nurse/physician collaboration, and nursing autonomy. The magnet hospitals, which are known to have the highest retention rate and the lowest turnover rate, have many of these potentially better practices in place.Conclusion. The 5 practices described herein have the potential to decrease nursing turnover in NICUs.
Management of High-Order Multiple Births: Application of Lessons Learned Because of Participation in Vermont Oxford Network Collaboratives
Authors: Kantak Anand D. , Grow Jennifer L. , Ohlinger Judy , Adams Heather J. , Knupp Amy M. , Lavin Justin P. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The delivery and care of sextuplets is complex. Potentially better practices that were developed as part of the Vermont Oxford Network improvement collaboratives were used to prepare for a sextuplet delivery at Akron Children's Hospital.METHODS. The team used potentially better practices that were learned from the Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002 using multidisciplinary teams. There was extensive media coverage of the delivery.RESULTS. The goal was to use nearly all potentially better practices that focused on the goals of reducing nosocomial infection, reducing chronic lung disease, reducing radiograph use, reducing length of stay, reducing blood gas use, promoting nutrition, reducing intraventricular hemorrhage, and enriching family-centered care. The center aimed to use these 97 potentially better practices. Of the 97 possible potential better practices as set by the Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002, 96 (99%) were used.CONCLUSIONS. This is a blueprint that any center that is faced with high-order multiple births could use as a reference point to begin planning. The team created a benchmark to achieve in every birth of very low birth weight infants and not just a special situation of high-order multiple births.
Validity of Parentally Reported Weight and Height for Preschool-Aged Children in Belgium and Its Impact on Classification Into Body Mass Index Categories
Authors: Huybrechts Inge , De Bacquer Dirk , Van Trimpont Inge , De Backer Guy , De Henauw Stefaan 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of parentally reported weight and height values for preschool-aged children (3–7 years of age) in Belgium and the accuracy of BMI classifications using those data.METHODS. The subjects were 297 preschool-aged children (157 boys and 140 girls). A questionnaire with questions about height and weight was distributed to the children and completed by their parents. Nurses of the Centres for Pupils Counselling conducted anthropometric measurements by following standardized procedures. National and international age- and gender-specific BMI cutoff values were used to determine BMI categories.RESULTS. Mean differences between reported and measured values for weight (−0.57 kg) and BMI (−0.51 kg/m2) were statistically significant, although small. For height, the mean difference (0.14 cm) was not statistically significant. When national and international BMI cutoff values for overweight were used, sensitivity values were 47% and 44%, respectively, and specificity values were 94% and 95%. Among all children requiring nutritional advice on the basis of being overweight or obese, more than one half of the overweight children and &gt;75% of the obese children would be missed with the use of parentally reported weight and height values. Conversely, 70% of the children being classified as underweight with the use of these reported data could be encouraged wrongly to gain weight. The bias of parent-reported BMI values was significantly greater when weight and height were both guessed, rather than being measured at home.CONCLUSIONS. Our results show the inaccuracy of parentally reported weight and height values in Belgium for classifying preschool-aged children into BMI categories. Therefore, accurate measurements of weight and height should be encouraged in studies in which BMI of children is a variable of interest.
Asthma Guideline Use by Pediatricians in Private Practices and Asthma Morbidity
Authors: Cloutier Michelle M. , Wakefield Dorothy B. , Sangeloty-Higgins Pamela , Delaronde Steven , Hall Charles B. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. We sought to examine whether pediatric clinicians in private, non–health maintenance organization practices could implement the national asthma guidelines and whether, when implemented, these guidelines would decrease medical services utilization and improve asthma care for children.
METHODS. A trial of a disease management program (Easy Breathing II) involving 20 private pediatric practices in the greater Hartford, Connecticut area was conducted between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2003. Demographic data on participating practitioners and patients were obtained from questionnaires. Medical services utilization data from claims were obtained from ConnectiCare, a regional managed care organization.
RESULTS. Of the 16750 children enrolled in Easy Breathing II, 2458 were enrolled in ConnectiCare and 490 had asthma. Inhaled corticosteroid use increased in the community overall during the study period. After enrollment in Easy Breathing II, with adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, asthma severity, season, and calendar year, children with persistent asthma experienced an additional 47% increase in inhaled corticosteroid use, a 56% reduction in outpatient visits, and a 91% decrease in emergency department visits for treatment of asthma. Adherence to national asthma guidelines for prescribing inhaled corticosteroids was 95%. Seventeen of the 20 practices are still using Easy Breathing, 5 years after program implementation.
CONCLUSIONS. Pediatric primary care clinicians in private practice settings can implement an asthma management program patterned after the national asthma guidelines. When implemented, this program is successful in reducing medical services utilization for children with asthma. Just as differences in patterns of medical services utilization exist in private practices, compared with urban clinics, the impact of disease management on medical services utilization differs in private practices, compared with urban clinics.
Infant Mortality Trends and Differences Between American Indian/Alaska Native Infants and White Infants in the United States, 1989–1991 and 1998–2000
Authors: Tomashek Kay M. , Qin Cheng , Hsia Jason , Iyasu Solomon , Barfield Wanda D. , Flowers Lisa M. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. To describe changes in infant mortality rates, including birthweight-specific rates and rates by age at death and cause. Methods. We analyzed US linked birth/infant-death data for 1989–1991 and 1998–2000 for American Indians/Alaska Native (AIAN) and White singleton infants at ≥20 weeks’ gestation born to US residents. We calculated birthweight-specific infant mortality rates (deaths in each birthweight category per 1000 live births in that category), and overall and cause-specific infant mortality rates (deaths per 100000 live births) in infancy (0–364 days) and in the neonatal (0–27 days) and postneonatal (28–364 days) periods. Results. Birthweight-specific infant mortality rates declined among AIAN and White infants across all birthweight categories, but AIAN infants generally had higher birthweight-specific infant mortality rates. Infant mortality rates declined for both groups, yet in 1998–2000, AIAN infants were still 1.7 times more likely to die than White infants. Most of the disparity was because of elevated post-neonatal mortality, especially from sudden infant death syndrome, accidents, and pneumonia and influenza. Conclusions. Although birthweight-specific infant mortality rates and infant mortality rates declined among both AIAN and White infants, disparities in infant mortality persist. Preventable causes of infant mortality identified in this analysis should be targeted to reduce excess deaths among AIAN communities.
Socioeconomic Gradients in Health for White and Mexican-Origin Populations
Authors: Goldman Noreen , Kimbro Rachel T. , Turra Cassio M. , Pebley Anne R. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. We assessed whether the few findings to date suggesting weak relationships between education and health-related variables among Hispanics are indicative of a more widespread pattern. Methods. We used logistic regression models to examine education differentials (i.e., education gradients) in health behaviors and outcomes among White and Mexican-origin adults, adolescents, and infants. We gathered information from 3 data sets: the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, and the National Health Interview Survey. Results. In contrast with patterns for Whites, education was weakly associated or not associated with numerous health-related variables among the US Mexican-origin population. Among adults, Mexican immigrants were especially likely to have weaker education gradients than Whites. Conclusions. The weak relationships between education and health observed among individuals of Mexican origin may have been the result of several complex mechanisms: social gradients in health in Mexico that differ from those in the United States, selective immigration according to health and socioeconomic status, and particular patterns of integration of Mexican immigrants into US society.
The Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Individual Socioeconomic Factors on Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
Authors: Lantz Paula M. , Mujahid Mahasin , Schwartz Kendra , Janz Nancy K. , Fagerlin Angela , Salem Barbara , Liu Lihua , Deapen Dennis , Katz Steven J. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. Previous research has generally found that racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis attenuate when measures of socioeconomic status are included in the analysis, although most previous research measured socioeconomic status at the contextual level. This study investigated the relation between race/ethnicity, individual socioeconomic status, and breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Methods. Women with stage 0 to III breast cancer were identified from population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registries in the Detroit and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. These data were combined with data from a mailed survey in a sample of White, Black, and Hispanic women (n=1700). Logistic regression identified factors associated with early-stage diagnosis. Results. Black and Hispanic women were less likely to be diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer than were White women (P< .001). After control for study site, age, and individual socioeconomic factors, the odds of early detection were still significantly less for Hispanic women (odds ratio [OR]=0.45) and Black women (OR = 0.72) than for White women. After control for the method of disease detection, the White/Black disparity attenuated to insignificance; the decreased likelihood of early detection among Hispanic women remained significant (OR=0.59). Conclusion. The way in which racial/ethnic minority status and socioeconomic characteristics produce disparities in women’s experiences with breast cancer deserves further research and policy attention.
Evaluation of the effects of short-chain fatty acids and extracellular pH on bovine neutrophil function in vitro
Authors: Mills Steven W. , Montgomery Shaylyn H. , Morck Douglas W. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and pH on neutrophil oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and morphology after exposure to acetate, propionate, butyrate, or succinate at pH 5.5 and 6.7.
Sample Population—Neutrophils isolated from bovine blood samples and Porphyromonas levii, Prevotella spp, and Bacteroides fragilis isolated from lesions of cattle with acute interdigital phlegmon (foot rot).
Procedures—Bacteria were cultured in strictly anaerobic conditions. Bacterial SCFA production was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Neutrophils were isolated, stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan (OZ), and incubated with dihydroethidium or dichlorofluorescein diacetate to measure production of O2−and H2O2, respectively. Phagocytosis was assessed after exposure to serum-opsonized bacteria. Cellular morphology was assessed with differential staining.
Results—All bacteria produced at least 3 of the 4 SCFAs. Production of both O2− and H2O2 was markedly curtailed in PMA-stimulated neutrophils exposed to SCFA at pH 5.5, compared with production at pH 6.7. Succinate caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in O2− production at pH 6.7 in OZ-stimulated neutrophils. Monoprotic SCFAs elicited a significant increase in H2O2 production in OZ-stimulated neutrophils at pH 6.7 but a significant decrease at pH 5.5. Monoprotic SCFAs significantly increased phagocytosis at pH 6.7 but decreased phagocytic activity at pH 5.5. Cellular necrosis was observed in cells exposed to SCFAs at pH 5.5.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Establishment and persistence of anaerobic bacteria in cattle with foot rot infection may result in part from neutrophil dysfunction secondary to the effects of bacterially secreted SCFA in acidotic microenvironments.