bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific anti‐tumor responses by cultured immune spleen cells. I. In vitro culture method and initial characterization of factors which block immune cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro
Authors: Nelson Karen , Pollack Sylvia B. , Hellström Karl Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from BALB/c mice which either bore syngeneic sarcomas or were normal controls were cultured in vitro. The culture supernatants of spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice inhibited (blocked) specific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity to the tumor borne by the spleen donor. They also mediated specific antiserum‐dependent cytotoxicity with control lymphoid cells. The appearance of blocking activity in culture supernatants was prevented by lysis of Q‐positive spleen cells with antiserum and complement. The blocking activity was removed by passing culture supernatants through an anti‐mouse immunoglobulin affinity column and was recovered in a 3 M NaSCN eluate of the column.
Human meningioma antigens
Authors: Winters W. D. , Rich J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from patients with various types of central nervous system tumors display antibodies reactive in serologic assays with cells and extracts derived from human brain neoplasms. Soluble antigens extracted and purified from surgical specimens of human meningiomas (MSA) were used to test for precipitating antibodies in sera from patients with various histologic types of brain tumors, non‐neural solid tumors and from normal donors. Blind studies by immunodiffusion (ID) showed that 63% (15/24) of meningioma patients, 53% (9/17) of glioma patients and 17% (5/29) of patients with various other brain neoplasms had antibodies that reacted with two of three meningioma‐associated antigens. Sera from normal donors and patients with non‐neural solid neoplasms reacted to a limited extent (7/118) with another of these tumor‐associated antigens. Cross‐reaction and absorption studies revealed that the three meningioma‐associated antigens were detecting different antibodies. None of the antigens was related to HLA antigens or to the human non‐neurotropic viruses used in our assays.
Antibody patterns to herpesviruses in kaposi's sarcoma: Serological association of european kaposi's sarcoma with cytomegalovirus
Authors: Giraldo G. , Beth E. , Kourilsky F. M. , Henle W. , Henle G. , Miké V. , Huraux J. M. , Andersen H. K. , Gharbi M. R. , Kyalwazi S. K. , Puissant A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were examined for antibody titres to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 by four techniques: indirect haemagglutination (IHA), complement fixation (CF), virus neutralization (NT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF). The patients were classified, according to the stage of disease, as progressive and regressive. Control sera were obtained from healthy adults, matched for age, sex, race, socio‐economic status and geographic location, as well as from patients with melanoma, some of whom were receiving chemotherapy similar to that given to the KS patients. All KS sera contained CMV‐neutralizing antibodies. Seventy‐five percent of the European KS patients, mainly regressors, showed elevated anti‐CMV titres by IHA with a significant increase in the geometric mean over the corresponding healthy adult group and the melanoma group. An overrepresentation of high anti‐CMV titres, although less marked, was found by CF. There was no significant association with antibodies to EBV, HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 related antigens. By contrast, the African KS patients, mainly progressors, did not show a serologic association with CMV or with EBV and HSV‐1 and 2. The implication of these results is discussed.
Immunological studies of women with primary breast carcinoma
Authors: Jeejeebhoy H. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes from disease‐free women and women with primary breast carcinoma were comparable vis‐a‐vis their capacity to inactivate breast tumor cells in vitro. Sera from comparable numbers of women in each of these two groups either blocked, potentiated or left unaffected the anti‐tumor‐cell cytotoxicity of their lymphocytes. As such, the results cast doubt on the validity of the hypothesis that there is a positive correlation between the presence of humoral blocking factors and in vivo tumor progression.
Lectin agglutinability of non‐neoplastic and neoplastic human lymphoid cells in vitro
Authors: Glimelius Bengt , Nilsson Kenneth , Pontén Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAgglutination by two lectins, Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), has been investigated in a human lymphoid cell system. The main conclusions of this study are: (1) no systematic correlation exists between the neoplastic state and sensitivity to Con A or RCA; (2) cells of neoplastic lines vary unsystematically in their surface properties as evaluated by Con A agglutination, with the possible exception that presence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a high degree of agglutination and (3) cells of diploid lymphoblastoid lines and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated lymphocytes agglutinate similarly and significantly better than unstimulated T‐ or B‐lymphocytes. The relatively simple Con A agglutination assay can be used as an adjunct in classification of human lymphoid cell lines.
Origin and partial characterization of Fc receptor‐bearing cells found within experimental carcinomas and sarcomas
Authors: Kerbel R. S. , Pross H. F. , Elliott E. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA variety of marine connective and epithelial tissue tumors, including the SAD/2 and FS9 fibrosarcomas, the TA3/Ha and CAD/2 mammary carcinomas and a primary methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma, were found to contain a high proportion of cells with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (“Fc receptors”). Experiments were undertaken to assess whether these cells were neoplastic, or whether they represented the infiltration into the tumor of non‐malignant host cells such as macro‐phages or lymphocytes. It was found that long‐term established in vitro cell lines of the TA3/Ha SAD/2 and CAD/2 tumors were entirely negative for the Fc receptor, whereas injection of these cells led to the formation of tumors containing a high proportion of Fc receptor‐bearing cells. Many of these cells were actively phagocytic as assessed by ingestion of iron filings or antibody‐coated erythrocytes. Injection of Fc receptor‐negative cultured tumor cells into F1 hybrids, in which host cells could be distinguished from the tumor cells by anti‐H2 sera, revealed that many or all of the Fc receptor‐bearing cells in the resultant tumor were of host origin. In contrast to its effect on normal spleen cells, anti‐θ serum treatment also partially inhibited Fc rosettes, suggesting a T‐lymphocyte origin for some of the Fc receptor‐bearing cells. Since almost all cells with potential anti‐tumor activity bear Fc receptors, it is suggested that an index of host cell infiltration of carcinomas and sarcomas can quickly and easily be ascertained by enumeration of Fc receptor‐bearing cells.
Lung cancer and smoking in Danish women
Authors: Jensen Ole M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn most developed countries, including Denmark, cancer of the lung is the most frequent malignant disease among men, whereas the problem is less among women. Examination of Danish mortality data for the period 1931 to 1972 reveals a 5‐fold increase in female rates as opposed to a 16‐fold increase in male rates. Since about 1960 female rates have, however, increased faster than male rates with a consequent decline in the male‐female ratio. It is demonstrated that more recent female birth‐cohorts have higher mortality rates than the older ones. The increasing mortality from lung cancer among more recent female cohorts is shown to parallel increasing proportions of smokers in these cohorts. Further data are presented to indicate that not only is smoking more widespread among young than among old women, but the proportion of cigarette smokers among all smokers falls from 98% in the youngest to 33% in the oldest age‐group. No causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer can be claimed from the evidence presented. The present findings are, however, what would be expected if cigarette‐smoking were an aetiological factor in female lung cancer.
Inhibition of syngeneic fibrosarcoma growth by lymphocytes sensitized on tumor‐cell monolayers in the presence of the thymic humoral factor
Authors: Small Myra , Trainin Nathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present experiments were performed to investigate the possibility of inhibiting tumor growth in vivo with syngeneic lymphocytes sensitized in vitro on monolayers of the tumor under test, and to study the effect of a thymic humoral factor (THF) in this sensitization process. Monolayers of fibrosarcoma cells were used to sensitize spleen cells from syngeneic donors against the tumor. Such sensitized lymphocytes manifested cytotoxic activity against cells of the fibrosarcoma in a microassay measuring tumor‐cell detachment. However, when the sensitized lymphocytes were mixed with the fibrosarcoma cells and injected into syngeneic mice, enhanced tumor growth was observed in vivo. Addition of thymic humoral factor to the cultures during sensitization resulted in increased cytotoxic activity by the lymphocytes in vitro and a reduction in the tumor enhancement caused by these cells when injected in vivo. Enhanced tumor growth occurred when activated lymphocytes of allogeneic as well as syngeneic origin were injected together with the fibrosarcoma cells. Enhancement, which was already apparent when the spleen cells had been sensitized for 24h, could be circumvented by separate administration of lymphocytes and tumor cells. Syngeneic lymphocytes injected systemically after sensitization for 5 days exerted anti‐tumor reactivity against the fibrosarcoma grafted in the foot‐pad of syngeneic mice. Tumor growth was further inhibited by systemic injection of lymphocytes which had been sensitized in the presence of the thymic humoral factor.
Reactivity of serum from rous‐sarcoma‐bearing chickens with autochthonous and with allogeneic tumor cells: Preferential autochthonous recognition
Authors: Wainberg M. A. , Markson Y. , Doljanski F. , Weiss D. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplement‐mediated cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that sera from random‐bred chickens bearing Rous sarcoma (RS) tumors are usually more reactive in vitro against RS cells of autochthonous than of allogeneic origin. Absorption of such sera with autochthonous, but not with allogeneic, RS cells abrogated the fluorescence staining capacity. Sera from tumor‐bearing birds did not stain normal chicken embryo cells (CEC), but reached with a higher proportion of CEC transformed by the RS virus than with cultured RS tumor cells. Tumor cells incubated at 37° C with autochthonous serum and fluorescent horse anti‐chicken immunoglobulin conjugate displayed cell surface fluorescence patching.
Temperature‐sensitive mutants of murine leukemia virus. V. Impaired leukemogenic activity in vivo
Authors: Greenberger Joel S. , Stephenson John R. , Aaronson Stuart A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vivo biologic activities of a clonal isolate of the Rauscher strain of murine leukemia virus and several conditional lethal mutants with impaired replicative functions at the non‐permissive temperature were investigated. The parental virus induced a rapidly developing lymphoid leukemia in a high percentage of NIH Swiss mice inoculated as newborns. Mice inoculated in parallel with temperature‐sensitive mutant viruses showed no evidence of disease. The implications of these findings with regard to the requirements for type‐C virus replication to permit oncogenic transformation of lymphoid cells in vivo are discussed.
Soluble tumour‐specific antigen and its relationship to tumour growth
Authors: Thomson D. M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHooded rats bearing a syngeneic methylcholanthrene‐induced tumour were evaluated for extent of in vivo host immunity and this was correlated by in vitro techniques with the levels of circulating tumour antigen and specific antibody. Early tumour growth was associated with detectable immunity, as measured by the capacity of the animal to reject a second direct challenge of the same tumour at a remote site. Radio‐immunoassay for circulating tumour antigen and indirect membrane immunofluorescence for antitumour antibody did not detect either component at this stage. Animals with advanced tumours lost immunity as detected by direct tumour challenge, and this closely coincided with the appearance of rising levels of circulating soluble tumour antigen. Although the host possessed the immunologic ability to react against its own neoplasm, this ability was insufficient to produce tumour rejection. Active immunotherapy initiated at the time of, or up to 10 days after, intramuscular challenge with tumour, increased tumour immunity sufficiently for tumour growth to be prevented. Successful immunization was associated with the early appearance (16 days) of measurable levels of antitumour antibody and absence of circulating antigen. It is concluded that soluble tumour antigen present in the local microenvironment of the tumour in the early stages of tumour growth interferes with the ability of immune cells to cause tumour rejection. As the tumour progressively grows, sufficient soluble antigen is produced and released systemically to suppress the effector arm of the host's tumour immune response at distant sites. The levels of circulating soluble tumour antigen attained may be of critical importance in the suppression of rejection responses that prevent metastasis.
Ultraviolet inactivation of Epstein‐Barr virus: Effect on synthesis of virus‐associated antigens
Authors: Sairenji Takeshi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relative sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light of genome functions of the P3HR‐1 strain of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was studied. The formation of viral capsid antigen (VCA) appeared to be more sensitive than that of early antigen (EA), while the synthesis of membrane antigen (MA) was most resistant, as seen on examination in the presence of cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C). However, the appearance of both VCA and EA, but not that of MA, was delayed with UV‐irradiated virus, in either the presence or absence of Ara‐C. The synthesis of EA and VCA induced by UV‐irradiated virus was suppressed in the presence of Ara‐C, while that of MA was not.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. X. Presence of Epstein‐Barr genomes in separated epithelial cells of tumours in patients from Singapore, Tunisia and Kenya
Authors: Desgranges C. , Wolf H. , De‐Thé G. , Shanmugaratnam K. , Cammoun N. , Ellouz R. , Klein G. , Lennert K. , Muñoz N. , Zur Hausen H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies from Singapore, Tunisia and Kenya were compared, before and after separation of epithelial and lymphoid cells, for their EBV‐DNA content, using the cellular DNA‐EBV‐cRNA hybridization test. In all instances where successful separation of the two cell types was achieved, epithelial tumour cells showed a higher EBV‐DNA content than lymphoid cells or tumour before cell separation. It is, therefore, suggested that EBV‐DNA is mostly limited to epithelial cells. No significant difference was observed between NPC tumours originating from various geographical areas.
Characterization of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in human malignant melanoma
Authors: Roubin Régine , Césarini Jean‐Pierre , Fridman Wolf H. , Pavie‐Fischer Janine , Peter Hans H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the skin infiltrate of superficial spreading melanoma, non phagocytosing mononuclear cells (NPMC) represent a major cell component. The number of NPMCs decreases as a function of tumour progression. In addition, when an NPMC is in contact with a malignant melanocyte, the latter cell exhibits ultrastructural degenerative changes. In the blood of healthy donors and of melanoma patients, atypical mononuclear cells (AMC) can be identified. AMCs have been shown to participate in antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reactions against melanoma cells in vitro. In this paper, it is reported that NPMCs and AMCs have in common their size, and some ultrastructural features such as indented nuclei, dispersed organelles, rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles and surface microvilli. The two cell types are negative for non‐specific esterase. They also fail to react for peroxidase at either the light or the electron microscopic level. They do not adhere to glass. AMCs do not form spontaneous E rosettes, they have no surface IgG and they have no receptors for complement. However, they do form rosettes with EAIgG. On frozen sections firm binding of EAIgG has been seen on the skin infiltrate in three cases out of 10. It is concluded that NPMCs might react with tumour cells in vivo, in the same manner as do AMCs in vitro.
Tumour‐associated transplantation antigen in sera of rats with large RSV‐induced sarcomas
Authors: El Ridi Rashika , Bubeník H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA factor inhibiting tumour growth in syngeneic hosts was found in the sera of inbred Lewis rats carrying Rous sarcoma virus‐induced tumour (RSL). The findings presented here suggest that the serum factor is a tumour‐associated transplantation antigen (TATA) shed from the neoplasm into the circulation. All the tumour‐bearers' sera tested with RSL cells were negative in indirect membrane immunofluorescence; however, on passive transfer into syngeneic rats, they protected the animals against the growth of an RSL tumour inoculum. A similar protective effect was also observed after injection of TATA prepared from RSL cell membranes by solubilization with potassium cholate. When incorporated into Freund's adjuvant, tumour‐bearers' sera immunized the animals against a subsequent RSL sarcoma graft. Sera collected from immunosuppressed rats bearing large sarcomas which presumably contain neither tumour‐specific antibody nor antigen‐antibody complexes, transferred inhibition of tumour growth to syngeneic hosts. Intact immunological reactivity of recipients was a necessary prerequisite for the protective effect of sera, since the passive transfer of an inhibitory serum to immunosuppressed rats did not inhibit tumour growth. We assume that the TATA present in tumour‐bearers' serum is released from the growing neoplasm as a result of either cell death or membrane metabolic turnover.
Intermittent chemotherapy and immunotherapy with BCG in remission maintenance of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: Effects upon immunological function
Authors: Ekert H. , Jose D. G. , Wilson F. C. , Matthews R. N. , Lay H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwelve children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who had been in complete remission on continuous chemotherapy for at least 12 months, were treated with intermittent courses of chemotherapy alternating with BCGBCG: Calmette‐Guérin strain of Mycobacterium bovis.
inoculation during the drug‐free intervals. Measurements were made of leukocyte populations in blood and bone marrow and of blastogenic responses of blood lymphoid cells to phytohemagglutinin and soluble leukemic blast cell membrane antigen. Antibody titers to a soluble leukemic blast‐cell membrane‐derived antigen were determined. Comparison was made with similar measurements during a second phase of intermittent chemotherapy without BCG inoculation (phase II). Two children showed bone‐marrow relapse and two developed central nervous system leukemia during the study. Rises in blood and bone‐marrow lymphoid cell numbers were found during both phases of the study. Blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, depressed at the start of the study following at least 12 months of continuous chemotherapy, rose during intermittent chemotherapy and BCG and remained within normal ranges during phase II. Antibody titers and blastogenic responses to leukemia blast‐cell membrane antigens increased in eight of twelve and six of seven children respectively during the BCG phase and were maintained during phase II. Only one child showed further increases in phase II. The combination of BCG and intermittent chemotherapy may increase leukemia‐associated immunity in some patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission. The separate contributions of either BCG or intermittent chemotherapy in producing this effect cannot be determined by this study.
Immunization against Marek's disease using Marek's disease virus‐specific antigens free from infectious virus
Authors: Lesnik F. , Ross L. J. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunity against Marek's disease was conferred by the use of non‐infectious materials extracted with non‐ionic detergents from cells infected with the attenuated strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV). Antibody‐free Rhode Island Red chicks were inoculated at 1 week of age with cell extracts emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant and were given a second inoculation 1 week later without adjuvant. Protection against natural infection was obtained in groups inoculated with both soluble (not sedimented at 100,000xg/2 h) and insoluble antigens present in Nonidet P40 (NP40) extract, but only with the insoluble fraction of deoxycholate extract. The results suggest that the immunizing antigens can be partially solubilized with 0.5% NP40 and that the growth and spread of MDV are reduced in immunized chickens.
The relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the HL‐A system among tunisians
Authors: Betuel H. , Camoun M. , Colombani J. , Day N. E. , Ellouz R. , De‐Thé G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious reports have demonstrated an association between the HL‐A system and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Chinese in Singapore. The present paper describes an investigation of HL‐A profiles among NPC cases and non‐NPC controls from Tunisia, to determine whether a similar association occurs in a different ethnic group. A total of 109 NPC cases and 84 controls were typed. At the second HL‐A locus the results were similar to those found in Singapore, but the effect was less marked and did not reach high statistical significance. At the first HL‐A locus, no association between A2 and NPC was found, in contrast to the Singapore results.
Comparative in vitro sensitivity of two methylcholanthrene‐induced murine sarcoma lines to humoral and cellular immune cytotoxicity
Authors: Bataillon Georges , Pross Hugh , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMC57M and G are the tissue‐culture derivatives of two methylcholanthreneinduced murine C57Bl sarcomas. Their sensitivity to immune cytotoxicIn this report, the term “cytotoxicity”, unless otherwise qualified, will be used in the generic sense, covering such various in vitro effects of immune effectors as true cytotoxicity (actual reduction in the number of target cells), cytostasis (inhibition of target‐cell growth) and cytolysis. Clearly, other phenomena yet to be explored, such as cell adhesiveness or cell membrane permeability to isotopically‐labelled products, may well be involved in and interfere with the final outcome of some of the assays used in this work.
, cytostatic or cytolytic spleen cells and sera was compared in parallel in vitro assays. The level of cross‐reactivity displayed by the two lines was found to depend on the nature of the immune effector rather than on the assay which was used. It was high with immune spleen lymphocytes, alone or in the presence of decomplemented antisera, and low with antisera in the presence of rabbit complement. MC57G cells were more sensitive than MC57M cells to both effectors. Both cell lines were insensitive to antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Preliminary evidence is presented, suggesting a probable involvement of embryonic and Moloney leukemia virus‐induced cell surface antigens in the in vitro sensitization of the two tumor lines to immune sera.