bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Consumption and Injury Among Canadian Adolescents: Variations by Urban–Rural Geographic Status
Authors: Jiang Xuran , Li Dongguang , Boyce William , Pickett William 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context:

The impact of alcohol consumption on risks for injury among rural adolescents is an important and understudied public health issue. Little is known about whether relationships between alcohol consumption and injury vary between rural and urban adolescents. Purpose: To examine associations between alcohol and medically attended injuries by urban–rural geographic status using a representative national sample of Canadian adolescents. Methods: The study involved a secondary analysis of a national sample of Canadian adolescents aged 11‐15 years (n = 7,031) from the 2001‐2002 Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children Survey. Respondents were classified into 5 geographic categories of rural‐urban status. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the magnitude and homogeneity of associations between drinking patterns and adolescent injuries across these 5 geographic groupings. Findings: Higher rates of alcohol consumption and adolescent injuries were observed in more rural areas. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher risks for injury occurrence with evidence of a dose‐related pattern of risk. Associations between alcohol consumption and injury were consistent by urban–rural geographic status. Conclusions: Misuse of alcohol is an important potential cause of injury. Adolescents whose lifestyle includes alcohol consumption experience higher risks for injury, and this association is observed consistently by urban–rural geographic status. Findings of this study emphasize a need to intervene with high‐risk adolescents as a tertiary prevention strategy, irrespective of geographic background.
Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Hendryx Michael 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context: Research on health disparities in Appalachia has rarely compared Appalachia to other geographic areas in such a way as to isolate possible Appalachian effects. Purpose: This study tests hypotheses that nonmetropolitan Appalachia will have higher levels of mental health professional shortage areas than other nonmetropolitan areas of the same states, but that these disparities will dissipate when accounting for social and economic differences. Methods: The study analyzed secondary data for nonmetropolitan counties (N = 618) in the 13 Appalachian states. Appalachian counties were identified from the Appalachian Regional Commission designations. Mental health professional shortages were identified from Health Resources and Services Administration data. Area Resource File data were used to measure county‐level income, education, uninsurance, unemployment, race/ethnicity percentages, and urban influence codes. Logistic regression models tested whether Appalachia was significantly associated with shortage areas, and whether the Appalachian effect persisted after accounting for social and economic covariates. Findings: Seventy percent of Appalachian nonmetropolitan counties were mental health professional shortage areas, significantly higher than non‐Appalachian, nonmetropolitan counties in the same states. The Appalachian effect did not persist after controlling for the full set of other variables; education and race/ethnicity emerged as significant predictors. Conclusions: Appalachia location is associated with mental health professional shortages, but this effect is driven by underlying social differences, in particular by lower education. This method of identifying Appalachia for comparative purposes may be applied to many other health services research questions and to other defined geographic regions.
Determinants of Rural Women's Health: A Qualitative Study in Southwest Ontario
Authors: Leipert Beverly D. , George Julie A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context:

The influences of gender and geography are increasingly being acknowledged as central to a comprehensive understanding of health. Since little research on rural women's health has been conducted, an in‐depth qualitative approach is necessary to gain a better initial understanding of this population. Purpose: To explore the determinants of health and their influence on rural women's health. Methods: From November 2004 to September 2005, 9 focus groups and 3 individual interviews were conducted in 7 rural southwestern Ontario communities. Sixty‐five rural residents aged 26 years and older participated in the study. Semi‐structured interview questions were used to elicit participants' perceptions regarding determinants of rural women's health. Findings: Four Health Canada determinants (employment, gender, health services, and social environments) and 3 new determinants (rural change, rural culture, and rural pride) emerged as key to rural women's health. Conclusions: Although health determinants affect both urban and rural people, this qualitative study revealed that rural women experience health determinants in unique ways and that rural residents may indeed have determinants of their health that are particular to them. More research is needed to explore the nature and effects of determinants of health for rural residents in general, and rural women in particular.
Reason for Visit: Is Migrant Health Care That Different?
Authors: Henning George F. , Graybill Marie , George John 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT:
Purpose:

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the reasons for which migrant agricultural workers in Pennsylvania seek health care.

Methods:

Participants were individuals 14 years of age and over, actively involved in agricultural labor and presenting for medical care at 6 migrant health care centers. Bilingual health care providers randomly selected and interviewed the participants.

Findings:

The most commonly reported reason for visiting the health care provider was for physical examination. The most frequent acute problems were related to the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems. Frequently cited problems in the medical history were hypertension, musculoskeletal/back pain, and gastrointestinal conditions. Most medications being taken were for cardiovascular or pain‐related problems.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that migrant workers present with medical problems that are similar to those of the general primary care population. Many problems were recurrent and represented common chronic medical conditions.
Oestrogen receptors mediate oestrogen‐induced increases in post‐exercise rat skeletal muscle satellite cells
Authors: Enns D. L. , Iqbal S. , Tiidus P. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim:  Our laboratory recently demonstrated that increases in post‐exercise muscle satellite cell numbers are augmented by oestrogen. We investigated whether muscle oestrogen receptors (ORs) mediate this effect through administration of an OR antagonist, ICI 182,780.Methods:  Ovariectomized female rats were divided into three groups: sham, oestrogen (0.25 mg pellet) and oestrogen plus OR blocker (ICI 182,780). Each group was divided into control and exercised groups. ICI 182,780 (5 mg kg−1 sc) was administered 1 day prior to and 6 days following oestrogen pellet implantation. After 8 days of oestrogen exposure, animals ran downhill for 90 min (17 m min−1, −13.5° grade) on a treadmill. Soleus and white vastus muscles were removed 24 and 72 h post‐exercise and immunostained for total (Pax7), activated (MyoD) and proliferating (BrdU) satellite cells. Muscle damage was indirectly assessed by measuring β‐glucuronidase activity. Two markers (His48 and ED1) of leucocyte infiltration were also examined.Results:  β‐Glucuronidase activities and His48+ and ED1+ leucocytes increased post‐exercise, and these increases were attenuated with oestrogen. ICI 182,780 did not influence the attenuating effect of oestrogen on leucocyte infiltration or β‐glucuronidase activities in muscle. Total (Pax7+), activated (MyoD+) and proliferating (BrdU+) satellite cells increased post‐exercise, and these increases were augmented with oestrogen. Interestingly, ICI 182,780 abolished both exercise‐ and oestrogen‐mediated increases in these satellite cell markers.Conclusion:  Oestrogen may augment increases in muscle satellite cells following exercise through OR‐mediated mechanisms; furthermore, the attenuation of post‐exercise muscle damage and leucocyte infiltration by oestrogen appears to be a non‐OR‐mediated process.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from the marine isopodsSerolis paradoxaandSeptemserolis septemcarinata(Crustacea: Peracarida)
Authors: LEESE FLORIAN , KOP ANNA , AGRAWAL SHOBHIT , HELD CHRISTOPH 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study reports the successful isolation of highly informative microsatellite marker sets for two marine serolid isopod species. ForSerolis paradoxa(Fabricius, 1775), 13, and forSeptemserolis septemcarinata(Miers, 1875), eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated using the reporter genome enrichment protocol. The number of alleles per locus (NA) and the observed heterozygosity (HO) encompass a wide range of variation withinS. paradoxa(NA3–31,HO6–89%) andS. septemcarinata(NA2–18,HO9–94%). The suitability of the newly isolated markers for population genetic studies is evaluated.
Isolation and characterization of 19 microsatellite markers in a tropical and warm subtropical birch, Betula alnoides Buch.–Ham. ex D. Don
Authors: GUO J. J. , ZENG J. , ZHOU S. L. , ZHAO Z. G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Betula alnoides is an ecologically and economically important species in the tropics and warm subtropics. Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from this species, which displayed three to 12 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.100 to 0.905, and the expected heterozygosities from 0.510 to 0.893. These markers would be useful tools in genetic resource assessment, molecular marker‐assistant breeding, parentage analysis and genetic diversity studies for this species.
Cross‐amplification and characterization of 13 tetranucleotide microsatellites in multiple species of Neotropical canids
Authors: DA FONTOURA‐RODRIGUES MANOEL L. , LIMA‐ROSA CARLOS ANDRÉ V. , TCHAICKA LIGIA , VALDEZ FERNANDA P. , RODRIGUES FLÁVIO H. G. , DE PAULA ROGÉRIO C. , GOUGH MICHAEL P. , JOHNSON WARREN E. , BONATTO SANDRO L. , EIZIRIK EDUARDO 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe tested 47 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci developed for the domestic dog in four species of Neotropical canids, aiming to produce a standardized set that could be successfully used even in noninvasive samples across this group. We identified 13 suitable loci, nine of which constitute a standardized set for all species. Considering only the ideal panel of nine loci, the mean expected heterozygosity (averaged across species) per locus ranged from 0.58 to 0.92 (overall mean 0.76), and the maximum probability of identity value was 1.3 × 10−9. This set of loci has a great potential for application in evolutionary, ecological and conservation studies.
incor: a computer program for testing differences among independent correlations
Authors: SILVER N. C. , ZAIKINA H. , HITTNER J. B. , MAY K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn interactive fortran program (incor) performs the Paul (1989) procedure for testing the null hypothesis that more than two independent population correlations are equivalent. The program also performs subsequent range tests for comparing all possible pairwise correlations.
Isolation and characterization of highly polymorphic microsatellites in the chokka squid, Loligo reynaudii
Authors: NAUD MARIE‐JOSÉ , SHAW PAUL W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe chokka squid, Loligo reynaudii, is the target of a commercially valuable fishery in South Africa, but little information is available on population structure and mating system. We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers using both standard nonenrichment and enrichment protocols. Numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 11 to 30, and levels of expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.77 and 0.98. Three loci developed using an enriched library displayed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg genotype proportions suggesting high frequencies of null alleles. The remaining loci should prove useful for population and parentage studies.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Pitcairnia albiflos (Bromeliaceae), an endemic bromeliad from the Atlantic Rainforest, and cross‐amplification in other species
Authors: PAGGI G. M. , PALMA‐SILVA C. , BERED F. , CIDADE F. W. , SOUSA A. C. B. , SOUZA A. P. , WENDT T. , LEXER C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEight microsatellite markers were isolated from Pitcairnia albiflos, an endangered endemic bromeliad species restricted to ‘inselberg’ rock outcrops in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from two to 12. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.408 and 0.663, respectively. The cross‐amplification test in 16 taxa suggests that the markers will be useful in numerous related bromeliad species. The loci will be used to study genetic structure and reproductive biology in fragmented inselberg populations and the origin and maintenance of barriers to gene flow between sympatric Pitcairnia species.
Unravelling below‐ground plant distributions: a real‐time polymerase chain reaction method for quantifying species proportions in mixed root samples
Authors: MOMMER L. , WAGEMAKER C. A. M. , DE KROON H. , OUBORG N. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractKnowledge on below‐ground plant distributions is almost lacking to date, despite the fact that such information would be very valuable in understanding below‐ground competition and species‐specific interactions, processes that are expected to shape community structure. Methods available so far for below‐ground species determination have drawbacks that we tried to challenge. Some methods make use of differences in the chemical composition between species, but this is highly variable upon environmental factors. DNA‐based techniques — far less dependent on chemical composition — such as polymerase chain reaction on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers can so far only determine presence–absence of a species in a mixed root sample. Here, we present a quantitative DNA‐based technique that allows investigation of relative species abundances in experimental mixed root samples. We used quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on species‐specific markers obtained from intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses in root samples. This molecular technique is novel in the field of root ecology and its development overcame three challenges: (i) determination of species‐specific DNA fragments, (ii) development and optimization of the real time PCR protocol, (iii) designing a data treatment method based on a modified delta–delta‐cycle threshold (CT) analysis. The method gained robustness from using relative DNA abundances in species mixtures rather than absolute concentration readings. This requires accurate multispecies reference series as a calibration. Test samples with different known biomass ratios of all species showed proof of concept of this method. The pro's and contra's of this method are discussed in the light of its contribution to advancing ecological research on below‐ground plant–plant interactions.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret
Authors: SANTOS K. L. , SANTOS M. O. , LABORDA P. R. , SOUZA A. P. , PERONI N. , NODARI R. O. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Acca sellowiana has commercial potential due to the quality and the unique flavor of its fruit. Conservation of natural populations and management of breeding programmes would benefit from the availability of molecular markers that could be used to characterize levels and distribution of genetic variability. Thus, 13 microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched genomic library of A. sellowiana. They were characterized using 40 samples. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.513 to 0.913 and from 0.200 to 0.889, respectively. These are the first microsatellite loci characterized from A. sellowiana that will contribute to improve researches on its genetic conservation, characterization and breeding.
Detection and Quantification of Group C Rotaviruses in Communal Sewage
Authors: Meleg Edina , Bányai Krisztián , Martella Vito , Jiang Baoming , Kocsis Béla , Kisfali Péter , Melegh Béla , Szűcs György 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT

Group C rotaviruses have been recognized as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, cattle, and swine, although the true epidemiologic and clinical importance of this virus in these hosts has not yet been fully established. A real-time PCR assay based on a broadly reactive primer pair was developed and used to quantitatively determine the viral load of group C rotaviruses in environmental samples. A total of 35 raw and 35 treated sewage samples collected at the same sampling time in four Hungarian sewage treatment plants during a survey in 2005 were tested for the presence of group C rotaviruses. The overall detection rates were 91% (32 of 35) for the influent and 57% (20 of 35) for the effluent samples. Molecular characterization of the amplified partial VP6 gene revealed the cocirculation of human and animal (i.e., bovine and porcine) strains that were easily distinguishable by melting curve analysis. Human strains yielded relatively high viral loads (mean, 1.2 × 10
7
; median, 6.9 × 10
5
genome equivalents per liter influent sewage) and appeared to display seasonal activity over the study period, whereas animal strains appeared to circulate throughout the year at much lower average titers (bovine strains mean, 9.9 × 10
4
; median, 3.0 × 10
4
; porcine strains mean, 3.9 × 10
4
; median, 3.1 × 10
4
genome equivalents per liter influent sewage). Our findings suggest that monitoring of communal sewage may provide a good surrogate for investigating the epidemiology and ecology of group C rotaviruses in humans and animals.
Effects of long-term training on neutrophil function in male university judoists
Authors: Yamamoto Y , Nakaji S , Umeda T , Matsuzaka M , Takahashi I , Tanabe M , Danjo K , Kojima A , Oyama T 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:To clarify the effects of high-intensity and high-frequency long-term/chronic training on neutrophil function and serum levels of myogenic enzymes in male university judoists.Methods:The subjects were 24 male judoists who had stopped judo training for 6 months and then restarted their training. The following parameters were examined before and after a 2 h unified exercise loading (UEL) at the beginning of the restarted quotidian training (pre-training) and at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months thereafter: myogenic enzymes, neutrophil and leucocyte counts, and neutrophil phagocytic activity (PA) and oxidative burst activity as a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability.Results:Myogenic enzymes that were measured after UEL at all four points significantly increased except for creatine kinase at the 2-month point (p<0.01 in each) and neutrophil counts significantly increased after UEL at the pre-training, 2-month and 4-month points (p<0.01 in each), but these changes became smaller from the 2-month point. PA significantly decreased after UEL at the pre-training and 2-month points (p<0.01 in each), but no change was seen at the 4-month and 6-month points. On the other hand, no change in ROS production per cell after UEL was seen at the pre-training point, but it significantly increased after UEL at the 2-month, 4-month and 6-month points (p<0.01 in each).Conclusion:The changing rate of the levels of UEL-mediated myogenic enzymes, neutrophil mobilisation and neutrophil function was seen to decrease at the 2-month, 4-month and 6-month assessments, compared with the pre-training point: these may comprise at least some of the long-term training effects.
Maternal occupational exposures and risk of spontaneous abortion in veterinary practice
Authors: Shirangi A , Fritschi L , Holman C D J 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:To examine the relationship between occupational exposures and spontaneous abortion in female veterinarians.Methods:The Health Risks of Australian Veterinarians project (HRAV) was a questionnaire-based survey of all graduates from Australian veterinary schools from 1960 to 2000. Of 5748 eligible veterinarians sent the questionnaires, 2800 replied including 1197 females (42.8%). The response rate was 59% of women veterinarians eligible to participate. The pregnancy of women was defined as the unit of analysis. We restricted analyses to pregnancies of those women who reported being employed when the pregnancy began and were working only in clinical practice. Of 1355 pregnancies, 940 were eligible for the final analysis. Self-reported occupational exposures to anaesthetic gases,xrays, pesticides and long working hours in relation to spontaneous abortion were examined.Results:In a multiple logistic regression controlling for 12 potential confounders, there was a more than twofold significant increase (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.02 to 6.04) in the risk of spontaneous abortion in women exposed to unscavenged anaesthetic gases for ⩾1 h per week. Veterinarians who reported performing more than five radiographic examinations per week had a statistically significant elevated risk of spontaneous abortion compared to those who performed five or less (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.82). There was also approximately a twofold significant increased risk of spontaneous abortion in women who used pesticides at work (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.00).Conclusion:Female veterinarians, particularly those of childbearing age, should be fully informed of the possible reproductive effects of unscavenged anaesthetic gases, ionising radiation and pesticide exposure and reduce their exposure by using protective devices when they are planning to become pregnant and during pregnancy.
Nectar secretion strategy in three Japanese species: changes in nectar volume and sugar concentration dependent on flower age and flowering order
Authors: Kato Shinya , Sakai Satoki 
Published: April 2008

We explored how changes in nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration depend on flower age and flowering order in Gentiana triflora Pallas var. japonica (Kusnez.) Hara, Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb., and Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et Mey. var. esculenta (Koidz.) Ohwi. In G. triflora var. japonica and H. middendorffii var. esculenta, change in nectar volume was small, whereas larger changes in nectar sugar concentration occurred depending on flower age. In L. sessilifolia, both the mean nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration clearly decreased with flower age. In all species, the mean nectar volume of the early-flowering group per plant was high. In terms of the change in sex allocation, the investment in male and female organs of the early-flowering group was high in G. triflora var. japonica and L. sessilifolia. We suggest that plants of G. triflora var. japonica and H. middendorffii var. esculenta secrete floral nectar for up to several days to sustain nectar volume to keep attracting pollinators while simultaneously reducing resource usage. Greater nectar secretion in the early-flowering group, in which flowers have more pollen and ovules, may contribute to greater reproductive success and may be effective for pollinators in learning the location of the plants and flowers. In addition, learning by pollinators should result in increased reproductive success of the later blooming flowers.