bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis through tube thoracostomy
Authors: AGARWAL Ritesh , AGGARWAL Ashutosh N. , GUPTA Dheeraj 
Published: January 2006

Objective:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of iodopovidone as an agent for pleurodesis through tube thoracostomy in patients with recurrent pleural effusions and pneumothorax.Methods:  This was a prospective study in which pleurodesis was performed with a solution of 20 mL 10% iodopovidone and 80 mL normal saline solution infused through a tube thoracostomy and left in the pleural cavity for 4 h.Results:  A total of 64 patients (34 men) with a mean (±SD) age of 47.1 ± 15.4 years were included. There were 37 cases of pleural effusion and 27 of pneumothorax. A complete response (neither reaccumulation of fluid nor recurrence of pneumothorax) was obtained in 32 (86.5%) patients with pleural effusion and 25 (92.6%) patients with pneumothorax. A second procedure (i.e. repeated pleurodesis) was attempted successfully in four patients in the pleural effusion group. All patients experienced chest pain to a varying degree as recorded on a Visual Analogue Scale (median 50.5, range 10–95). Seven patients developed fever and one immunocompromised patient developed empyema following the procedure. There were no recurrences at a median follow up of 5 months (range 3–15 months) in the pleural effusion group, and 13 months (range 6–24 months) in the pneumothorax group.Conclusions:  Iodopovidone can be used as an effective and safe agent for (chemical) pleurodesis (through tube thoracostomy), which is inexpensive and readily available.
Combined histology and molecular biology for diagnosis of early stage gastric MALT lymphoma
Authors: YI Zhi Hui , OUYANG Qin , LI Gan Di , CHEN Dai Yun 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE:  To establish a sequential diagnostic procedure of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and provide evidence for selected optimal cases to be treated in the early stage.METHODS:  Thirty‐one cases of gastric lymphoid hyperplasia (GLH) were selected and multiple investigations including histology, protein level, DNA and chromosome levels, combined with clinical follow‐up were performed. Histological grade was according to Isaacson's criteria of GLH; CD20, UCHL‐1 (CD45RO), anti‐kappa (κ), anti‐lambda (λ) and Ki‐67 were used for immunohistochemical staining; semi‐nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect IgH gene rearrangement and reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to detect API2‐MALT1 fusion of the chromosome translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21). Twenty‐nine cases underwent eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Changes in histological grade, endoscopic appearance, expression of Ki‐67 and IgH gene rearrangement were compared after eradication treatment.RESULTS:  Of the 31 cases of GLH with predominant chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer most were histological grade 2 and 3. Only one case had λ light chain restriction and 10 cases had monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement. Expression of Ki‐67 and monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement were significantly increased with increased lymphoid hyperplasia (P < 0.05). Two cases had API2‐MALT1 fusion. Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 25 cases and another course of treatment had to be given in 4 cases. All cases were followed up for 1.5–37 months. Of the 27 successful eradication cases, 18 showed complete regression both histologically and endoscopically, 4 had partial regression and 7 were unchanged.CONCLUSIONS:  A sequential diagnostic procedure based on histology, expression of Ki‐67 combined with clonality of IgH rearrangement and API2‐MALT1 fusion helps to diagnosis of early stage gastric MALT lymphoma and choose the best treatment strategy.
Gastric distention enhances FOS and calcitonin gene‐related peptide expression in the spinal cord and brain of rats
Authors: ZHANG Fei Fei , MO Jian Zhong , CHEN Xiao Yu , PENG Yan Shen , CHEN Sheng Liang , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE:  The purpose of this study was to determine the pathway and mode of transmission of visceral stimuli by investigating the distribution of the FOS and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) proteins in the central nervous system.METHODS:  Twenty‐four Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups: study group (n = 12), sham control group (n = 6), and normal control group (n = 6). A balloon was implanted into the stomach of the rats in the study and sham control groups. After 48 h, the rats in the study group had the stomach distended (80 mmHg) for 2 h, after which they were killed and the antrum, thoracic spinal cord and brain were isolated or dissected. The expression of Fos and CGRP in these tissues was detected immunohistochemically.RESULTS:  FOS expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, dorsal nucleus of the vagal nerve, nucleus of the solitary tract in the study rats was significantly higher than in the sham and normal controls. However, no difference was found between the three groups in FOS expression in the myenteric plexus. Similarly, gastric distention enhanced CGRP expression significantly in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata and correlated closely with FOS expression in these two areas.CONCLUSIONS:  Gastric distention can activate the limbic system, and CGRP plays an important role in the input of visceral stimuli.
Preventive strategy for Candida gut translocation during ischemia–reperfusion injury supervening on protein–calorie malnutrition
Authors: MAROTTA F , BARRETO R , KAWAKITA S , MINELLI E , PAVASUTHIPAISIT K , LORENZETTI A , NISHIWAKI M , GELOSA F , FESCE E , OKURA R 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that protein–calorie malnutrition aggravates the gut translocation of Candida albicans triggered by mesenteric ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in an experimental model while testing a natural product containing the antifungal anethole/polygodial mixture (Kolorex®).METHODS:  MFI strain white mice (n = 90) were randomly allocated to a 4‐week dietary regimen: (1) standard pellet diet containing 25% casein; (2) low‐protein (2.5%) casein diet; (3) as group 2 plus oral supplementation with 20 µL of a 5% solution of Kolorex® during the last 4 days. Twenty rats from each of these groups (termed 1a, 2a and 3a) were orally inoculated with Candida suspension 6 h prior to mesenteric IR injury. Animals of each group but without Candida inoculation (termed 1b, 2b and 3b) served as control. A colon permeability study was carried out as well. Rats were killed prior to the IR injury and 3 h afterwards. Control rats were killed at the same time.RESULTS:  Over 60% of the mesenteric lymph nodes and 30% of kidney samples were positive for C. albicans in the low‐protein‐fed rats after IR injury. Kolorex® significantly decreased that rate of positivity and also significantly reduced the concentration of C. albicans per gram of each positive tissue sample examined. Protein–calorie malnourished animals showed a statistically significant increase in colon permeability and this phenomenon further increased after IR injury. The groups of rats treated with Kolorex® compound showed a partial, although significant, improvement of this parameter.CONCLUSIONS:  These results suggest that Kolorex® might exert a competitive effect against with C. albicans colonization. The present study represents the first experimental in vivo investigation of the anethole/polygodial‐containing compound under the specific conditions of calorie–protein malnutrition and the results have potential clinical interest.
Structural change of carbon‐fibres at high temperatures under load
Authors: RENNHOFER H. , LOIDL D. , BRANDSTETTER J. , KROMP K. , WEISS R. , PETERLIK H. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTCreep tests were performed with carbon fibre‐bundles (Toho Tenax, HTA 5131) in a temperature range from 1500 to 1800 °C. The fibre‐bundles were electrically heated in vacuum (pressure 10−4 mbar) and tensile load was applied in a hydraulic testing machine. The creep parameters were obtained from varying temperature and loading conditions.Accompanying structural investigations were performed with X‐rays (SAXS and WAXD). An increasing orientation of the graphene planes along the fibre (and thus the loading axis) could be observed with increasing temperature and load. No structural change and no creep, however, was observed for carbon fibres stabilized by an appropriate heat treatment.
Specific aspects on crack advance during J‐test method for structural materials at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: WEISS K. , NYILAS A. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTCryogenic elastic plastic, J‐integral investigations on metallic materials often show negative crack extension values with respect to resistance curve J‐R. According to the present ASTM standard, the use of unloading compliance technique relies on the estimation procedure of the crack lengths during the unloading sequences of the test. The current standard, however, does not give any specific procedure for treating such negative data. To date, the applied procedure uses the shifting of the negative crack extension values either to the onset of the blunting line or to the offset of the resistance curve. The present paper represents a solution of the negative crack length problem on the basis of a mechanical evaluation procedure of the unloading slopes. The achieved progress using this evaluation technique is demonstrated on different materials such as cryogenic high toughness stainless steels, low carbon ferritic steel and aluminum alloys from the series of 7000 and 5000. In addition, this work deals with the crack tunnelling phenomenon, observed for high toughness materials, and shows the reduction of this crack extension appearance by using electro discharge machining (EDM) side groove technique. The differences between EDM processed side grooves and standard V‐notch machining have been investigated within these test series.
Uniaxial ratchetting in steels with different cyclic softening/hardening behaviours
Authors: KANG G. Z. , LI Y. , GAO Q. , KAN Q. H. , ZHANG J. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe cyclic deformation of three structural steels, SS316L stainless steel, 40Cr3MoV bainitic steel and 25CDV4.11 steel, were studied experimentally by uniaxial cyclic straining or stressing tests at room temperature. The cyclic softening/hardening behaviours of the steels were discussed first by cyclic straining tests; and then the effects of cyclic softening/hardening behaviours on the uniaxial ratchetting of the materials were investigated by asymmetrical cyclic stressing tests. It is concluded from the experimental results that the ratchetting greatly depends on the cyclic softening/hardening behaviours of the materials, as well as the loading history. Different ratchetting and failure behaviours are observed for the prescribed steels. It is also stated that the proposed unified visco‐plastic constitutive model can provide a fairly reasonable simulation of the uniaxial ratchetting of SS316L stainless steel and 25CDV4.11 steel; but cannot simulate the ratchetting of 40Cr3MoV bainitic steel since the dependence of cyclic softening behaviours on the applied inelastic strain amplitude cannot be reasonably described in the discussed constitutive model. Some significant conclusions are obtained, which are useful to construct constitutive model to describe the ratchetting of the materials with different cyclic softening/hardening behaviours.
Fatigue strength improvement of a hard chromium plated AISI 4140 steel using a plasma nitriding pre‐treatment
Authors: GÖLGELİ B. , GENEL K. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe effect of a plasma nitriding (PN) pre‐treatment on the fatigue performance of hard chromium (HC) plated AISI 4140 steel has been investigated by conducting a series of rotary bending fatigue tests at a frequency of 95 Hz. hourglass shaped test specimens of 4‐mm diameter had been plasma nitrided at 510°C for 4, 8 and 12 h. It was found that HC‐plated specimens with a coating layer of 23 ± 2 μm thickness showed approximately 33% reduction in fatigue strength when compared to quenched and tempered (Q&T) specimens. An application of the PN pre‐treatment before the plating process was effective in improving the fatigue performance of HC‐coated steel. An improvement of 71% in the fatigue strength of pre‐treated specimens was recorded as compared with the specimens, which were HC plated only. The results also indicated that prolonged nitriding time did not cause better improvement in the fatigue performance.
Fatigue crack growth analysis of welded aluminium RHS T‐joints with manipulated residual stress level
Authors: MANN T. , TVEITEN B. W. , HÄRKEGÅRD G. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe fatigue life of a welded aluminium T‐joint made from beams with rectangular hollow section (RHS) has been predicted using a crack propagation analysis and compared with experimental results from joints with different residual stress levels. To include the effect of the residual stresses, the stress ratio was calculated at the weld toe and, via Walker's equation, introduced into the analysis. How to obtain the Walker exponent has been discussed in detail. The introduction of a stress ratio at the weld toe provides good agreement between the experimentally and analytically found S–N curves. The effect of the residual stress was successfully included in the analysis.
Thermal striping fatigue damage in multiple edge‐cracked geometries
Authors: JONES I. S. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThermal fatigue striping damage may be caused when incompletely mixed hot and cold fluid streams pass over the surface of a component or structure containing a defect. Stress intensity factor (SIF) fluctuations are developed in response to the surface temperature fluctuations. An existing methodology for the analysis of striping damage in geometries containing a single edge‐crack geometry is extended to such an analysis of multiple edge cracks. SIFs are calculated as functions of crack depth, when an edge‐cracked plate and semi‐infinite solid, each containing multiple cracks, are subjected to thermal striping. The effect of various restraint conditions and striping frequencies on the SIF values for a stainless steel plate is examined. The degree of conservatism is shown when an assessment of thermal fatigue striping damage is based on a single, rather than multiple, crack analysis. Accurate curve fits are developed resulting in practical weight functions for an edge‐cracked plate and semi‐infinite solid.
Elastic–plastic fatigue crack growth in 18G2A steel under proportional bending with torsion loading
Authors: ROZUMEK D. , MACHA E. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe paper presents the results of fatigue crack growth on low‐alloy 18G2A steel under proportional bending with torsion loading. Specimens with square sections and a stress concentration in the form of external one‐sided sharp notch were used. The tests were performed under the stress ratios R=−1, −0.5 and 0. The test results were described by the ΔJ‐integral range and compared with the ΔK stress intensity factor range. It has been found that there is a good agreement between the test results and the model of crack growth rate, which includes the ΔJ‐integral range.
Specimen geometry effect on creep crack growth in 316L(N)
Authors: LAIARINANDRASANA L. , KABIRI R. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe ASTM E1457‐98 standard describes the procedure to determine the master curve da/dt versus C* parameter, for creeping solids. However, the methodology is only to be applied to compact tension (CT) specimens. The European collaborative program CRETE aims at extending the application of the ASTM E1457‐98 standard to other types of laboratory specimens. In this paper, an existing database of creep crack growth on 316L(N) stainless steel is utilized, concerning three types of specimens: circumferentially cracked round bars (CCRBs) and double edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens for tensile mechanical loading whereas the classical CT specimen combines tensile and bending loading modes.A modified procedure based on the ASTM E1457‐98 standard has been applied to the database, resulting in a unique master curve of da/dt versus C*. The geometry effect is then investigated by introducing the Q* parameter by analogy to the Q parameter in the elastic–plastic J‐Q approach.
A modified time‐dependent failure assessment diagram for cracks in mismatched welds at high temperatures
Authors: XUAN FU‐ZHEN , TU SHAN‐TUNG , WANG ZHENGDONG 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTIn this work, the case of cracks located in a weld with mismatched creep properties from that of the surrounding base material is addressed. A weighted‐average method for both over‐ and undermatched creep performance of the weld and base materials is presented, and an equivalent isochronous stress–strain curve (EISSC) is then defined. Accordingly, a time‐dependent failure assessment curve is constructed using the method of R6 Option 2. This curve now depends not only on the mechanical properties of both weld and base materials but also on the weld geometry and crack size. The application of such an approach to an internal, circumferentially defected welded cylinder under axial tension has been studied. Results indicate that the dependence of the modified time‐dependent failure assessment curves (TDFACs) on the geometry, crack size and service time is not significant and nearly collapses into one curve. The general failure assessment curve from isochronous data of austenitic steel, proposed by Ainsworth, is non‐conservative for some cases and thus may not be applicable for Cr‐Mo steel.
Neurophysiological monitoring under anesthesia to position a child with extreme lumbar spine flexion for MRI and CT scan
Authors: GUNDLAPALLI SAI , ANAND RAHUL S. , SCHWARTZ DANIEL M. , WIERZBOWSKI LAWRENCE R. , COHEN DAVID E. , COOK‐SATHER SCOTT D. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryA novel application of neurophysiological monitoring enabled us safely to anesthetize and position a child with severe lumbosacral spine flexion for diagnostic MRI and CT scan. We conducted a propofol‐based anesthetic to optimize somatosensory (SSEP) and transcranial electric motor (tceMEP) evoked potential amplitudes, thereby facilitating dynamic neurological monitoring while fully extending the patient supine. In cases outside the operating room involving extraordinary changes in patient position, anesthesia providers may consider utilizing neurophysiological monitoring.
Increased blood loss during posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis in an adolescent with Fontan physiology1
Authors: RAFIQUE MUHAMMAD B. , STUTH ECKEHARD A.E. , TASSONE J. CHANNING 
Published: January 2006

SummaryA 15‐year‐old patient with Fontan physiology experienced major blood loss during posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Contributing factors for the increased blood loss and potentially useful measures to limit blood loss in patients with Fontan physiology are discussed.
The postoperative cardiovascular arrest of a 5‐year‐old male: an initial presentation of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy1
Authors: GIRSHIN MICHAEL , MUKHERJEE JANA , CLOWNEY ROSS , SINGER LEWIS P. , WASNICK JOHN 
Published: January 2006

SummaryAnesthesia may be administered to patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, but cases are reported in which apparently healthy children suffer hyperkalemic cardiac arrest. We present the case of a 5‐year‐old boy whose muscular dystrophy was discovered following a fatal, perioperative cardiac arrest in the postanesthesia care unit.
Psychological predictors of postoperative sleep in children undergoing outpatient surgery
Authors: CALDWELL‐ANDREWS ALISON A. , KAIN ZEEV N. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryBackground : The purpose of this study was to examine psychological predictors of postoperative sleep in children undergoing outpatient surgery.Methods : We used hierarchical multivariate regression to examine the impact of demographic and personality variables such as parental worry/anxiety [NEO‐personality inventory, revised (NEO‐PI‐R) Neuroticism], parental coping style (Miller Behavioral Style Scale), children's aggressive behavior [child behavior checklist (CBCL) externalizing], and children's temperament (emotionality, activity, sociability, and impulsivity) on postoperative sleep in 52 consecutive, healthy, children undergoing outpatient surgery. Sleep was assessed using actigraphy, a valid, reliable and objective measure of sleep quality. All perioperative protocols were strictly controlled and standardized.Results : We found that 22% of the children experienced difficulty with postoperative sleep as defined by actigraphy. A hierarchical multiple regression model that was constructed to identify predictors of postoperative sleep efficiency in children accounted for 82% of the variance (R = 0.906, F = 19.42, P = 0.0001). Significant predictors in this model included preoperative sleep patterns (60%), postoperative pain (8.2%), parental anxiety/worry (NEO‐PI‐R Neuroticism scale; 9%), and children's aggressive behavior (CBCL externalizing; 5%).Conclusions : We conclude that psychological factors such as parental anxiety/worry and children's aggressive behavior are predictive of children's postoperative sleep above and beyond the influence of preoperative sleep patterns and postoperative pain.
daime, a novel image analysis program for microbial ecology and biofilm research
Authors: Daims Holger , Lücker Sebastian , Wagner Michael 
Published: January 2006

SummaryCombinations of microscopy and molecular techniques to detect, identify and characterize microorganisms in environmental and medical samples are widely used in microbial ecology and biofilm research. The scope of these methods, which include fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA‐targeted probes, is extended by digital image analysis routines that extract from micrographs important quantitative data. Here we introduce daime (digital image analysis in microbial ecology), a new computer program integrating 2‐D and 3‐D image analysis and visualization functionality, which has previously not been available in a single open‐source software package. For example, daime automatically finds 2‐D and 3‐D objects in images and confocal image stacks, and offers special functions for quantifying microbial populations and evaluating new FISH probes. A novel feature is the quantification of spatial localization patterns of microorganisms in complex samples like biofilms. In combination with ‘3D‐FISH’, which preserves the 3‐D structure of samples, this stereological technique was applied in a proof of principle experiment on activated sludge and provided quantitative evidence that functionally linked ammonia and nitrite oxidizers cluster together in their habitat. This image analysis method complements recent molecular techniques for analysing structure–function relationships in microbial communities and will help to characterize symbiotic interactions among microorganisms.