bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvik inflamatuar hastalık risk faktörleri ve korunma yöntemleri
Authors: Taş Özlem , Gençtürk Nuran 
Published: April 2024

Pelvik inflamatuar hastalık, endojen servikovajinal mikroorganizmaların serviksten uterusa doğru ilerlemesi sonucu enfeksiyonun, üst genital sisteme yayılması ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Pelvik inflamatuar hastalık vakalarının çoğunluğu cinsel yolla bulaşan bir enfeksiyonla ilişkilidir. Chlamydia Trachomatis ve Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlar içerisinde pelvik inflamatuar hastalığa neden olan en yaygın patojenlerdir. Pelvik inflamatuar hastalık bakteriyel vajinoz gibi cinsel yolla bulaşmayan enfeksiyonlardan da kaynaklanabilir. En sık 15 ila 25 yaş arası kadınlarda görülmektedir. Hastalığın belirti ve bulguları hafif seyredebilir veya asemptomatik olabilir. Bu nedenle de geç tespit edilebilmektedir. Zamanında tespit edilemediğinde gelişen başlıca sorunlar kronik pelvik ağrı, infertilite ve ektopik gebeliktir. Bu nedenle pelvik inflamatuar hastalık tanısına katkıda bulunabilecek risk faktörlerini bilmek tanının daha erken konulmasına yardımcı olabilir. Güncel literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan bu derlemenin amacı pelvik inflamatuar hastalık risk faktörlerini bilerek bu hastalıktan korunmanın sağlanmasıdır.
The conditionality of criminal-legal counteraction to crimes with signs of extremist activity while ensuring the foundations of the constitutional system and the security of the state
Authors: Akhmetshin Ajrat 
Published: April 2024

The article presents the author’s vision of one of the most pressing problems of modern criminal law and criminology – the conditionality of criminal legal counteraction to crimes with signs of extremist activity while ensuring the foundations of the constitutional system and the security of the state. The content of the concepts of «conditionality» and
«counteraction» is revealed. It is noted that the eternity and social variability of crime are signs that are the basis for creating the entire springboard of criminal law response, including promising, in the field of countering criminal forms of behavior burdened with the motive of hatred or enmity. The terminological tools formed in the doctrine are presented, revealing the content of the conditionality of countering crime, through such categories as: «social conditionality», «socio-legal conditionality», «socio-legal conditionality». It is proved that any format of conditionality of countering crime is aimed at establishing legally significant circumstances proving the public danger of an act, which constitute the basis for making a state-governmental decision to establish a particular criminal law prohibition. Within the framework of the conducted research, it is proposed to use a broader, collective concept – «conditionality of criminal legal counteraction to crimes with signs of extremist activity that encroach on the foundations of the constitutional system and the security of the state», its content is disclosed..
International Scientific and Practical Conference “Goals of punishment: criminal law, penal enforcement, criminological and other aspects (domestic and foreign experience)” (Amur State University, March 16-17, 2023)
Authors: Butenko Tatyana 
Published: April 2024

On March 16-17, 2023, the International Scientific and Practical Conference
«Goals of punishment: criminal law, penal enforcement, criminological and other aspects (domestic and foreign experience)» was held for the first time at the Faculty of Law of Amur State University. The conference was an important event in a series of events dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the formation of the Faculty of Law. The format of the conference included discussion of various issues related to the appointment and execution of criminal penalties in the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and other countries.
EDUKASI REMAJA DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU BULLYING DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Faridah Eva Siti , Dewi Muttaqien Mustika , Ridwan Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

Pengamat pendidikan mengatakan bahwa perundungan dan kekerasan di masyarakat masih merupakan “situasi darurat” di Indonesia, meskipun Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan untuk mencegah kekerasan di lingkungan pendidikan. jumlah kasus ini terus meningkat dan tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda berkurang. Insiden perundungan paling banyak terjadi di sekolah, seperti peristiwa perundungan yang akhir akhir ini terjadi di SMA Binus Serpong di Tangerang, Provinsi Banten, serta sebuah SMP negeri di Kecamatan Japra Blora Jawa Tengah. Perundungan merupakan tindakan agresif yang dilakukan oleh individu atau kelompok yang memiliki tingkat pengakuan atau kekuasaan sosial yang tinggi terhadap individu atau kelompok yang tingkat pengakuan atau kekuasaan sosialnya rendah. Perilaku agresif perundungan merupakan perilaku kriminal dan korban merasa tidak berdaya, membuat depresi secara mental, bahkan mencoba bunuh diri. Untuk meminimalisir korban perundungan dan mengurangi pelaku perundungan maka perlu adanya edukasi terhadap masyarakat terutama siswa atau remaja agar mengetahui bahwa perilaku tersebut merupakan kejahatan dan memberikan contoh untuk berperilaku baik dalam bersosialsiasi dengan teman temannya. Metode yang dilakukan edukasi pencegahan perundungan dengan tema “Stup Bullying, sekolah aman belajar nyaman” dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab dan media yang digunakan menggunakan layar infokus. Perilaku perundungan atau bullying diminimalisir dan dicegah dengan mengadakan edukasi terhadap masyarakat terutama remaja. Narasumber yang terdiri dari tiga orang menjelaskan tentang bahaya perilaku perundungan. Edukasi yang dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan terhadap siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 2Depok dan menyisipkan materi edukasi perundungan pada Tausiyah yang disampaikan pada acara Isra Mi’Raj dimasyarakat. Dengan edukasi pencegahan perundungan ini meningkatkan kesadaran kepada masyarakat terutama siswa atau remaja untuk mencegah perilaku perudungan dan melindungi korban dengan melaporkan pelaku. Menanamkan sikap keperdulian sosial antar sesama teman baik dilingkungan sekolah dengan masyarakat.
Importancia de la disponibilidad de alternativas forrajeras para la alimentación de ganado bovino
Authors: Osorio-Giraldo Jhon Fredy , Calderón-Bedoya Verónica , López-de-Mesa Octavio , Restrepo-Berrio David 
Published: April 2024

La alimentación en la producción ganadera, juega un papel fundamental teniendo en cuenta que es fuente de obtención de nutrientes por parte del animal, para poder desarrollar sus actividades biológicas diarias y además poder transformarlos fisiológicamente en los diferentes productos de interés en las actividades pecuarias. La base de la alimentación de los bovinos en los países tropicales son las gramíneas de pastoreo, que se caracterizan por proveer una base de nutrientes para el animal. Gracias a su resistencia, las gramíneas históricamente han sido la principal fuente de alimentación bovina, pero deben trabajarse en su calidad para optimizar los resultados en los ejercicios productivos, y además deben realizarse esfuerzos para garantizar su disponibilidad constante principalmente en las épocas de escases, por lo cual deben promoverse estrategias de almacenamiento como la henificación. Debe pensarse adicionalmente en métodos de manejo que permitan disponer de alternativas forrajeras de calidad como lo son los sistemas silvopastoriles. Feeding in livestock production plays a fundamental role, taking into account that it is a source of obtaining nutrients for the animal, in order to develop its daily biological activities and also to be able to physiologically transform them into the different products of interest in livestock activities. . The basis of the diet of bovines in tropical countries are grazing grasses, which are characterized by their provision of a nutrient base for the animal. Thanks to their resistance, grasses have historically been the main source of food, but their quality must be worked on to optimize the results in productive exercises, and efforts must also be made to guarantee their constant availability, mainly in times of scarcity, for which Storage strategies such as tedding should be promoted. Additionally, management methods should be considered to provide alternatives for quality slashing such as silvopastoral systems
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection: innate immune disorder, bladder damage, and Tailin Fang II
Authors: Li Zong-ping , Li Jun , Li Tong-lu , Song Zhi-yong , Gong Xue-zhong 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) activates innate immune response upon invading the urinary tract, whereas UPEC can also enter bladder epithelial cells (BECs) through interactions with fusiform vesicles on cell surfaces and subsequently escape from the vesicles into the cytoplasm to establish intracellular bacterial communities, finally evading the host immune system and leading to recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI). Tailin Fang II (TLF-II) is a Chinese herbal formulation composed of botanicals that has been clinically proven to be effective in treating urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain poorly understood.MethodsNetwork pharmacology analysis of TLF-II was conducted. Female Balb/C mice were transurethrally inoculated with UPEC CFT073 strain to establish the UTI mouse model. Levofloxacin was used as a positive control. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: negative control, UTI, TLF-II, and levofloxacin. Histopathological changes in bladder tissues were assessed by evaluating the bladder organ index and performing hematoxylin-eosin staining. The bacterial load in the bladder tissue and urine sample of mice was quantified. Activation of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway was investigated through immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The urinary levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and urine leukocyte counts were monitored. We also determined the protein expressions of markers associated with fusiform vesicles, Rab27b and Galectin-3, and levels of the phosphate transporter protein SLC20A1. Subsequently, the co-localization of Rab27b and SLC20A1 with CFT073 was examined using confocal fluorescence microscopy.ResultsData of network pharmacology analysis suggested that TLF-II could against UTI through multiple targets and pathways associated with innate immunity and inflammation. Additionally, TLF-II significantly attenuated UPEC-induced bladder injury and reduced the bladder bacterial load. Meanwhile, TLF-II inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB on BECs and decreased the urine levels of IL-1β and IL-6 and urine leukocyte counts. TLF-II reduced SLC20A1 and Galectin-3 expressions and increased Rab27b expression. The co-localization of SLC20A1 and Rab27b with CFT073 was significantly reduced in the TLF-II group.ConclusionCollectively, innate immunity and bacterial escape from fusiform vesicles play important roles in UPEC-induced bladder infections. Our findings suggest that TLF-II combats UPEC-induced bladder infections by effectively mitigating bladder inflammation and preventing bacterial escape from fusiform vesicles into the cytoplasm. The findings suggest that TLF-II is a promising option for treating UTI and reducing its recurrence.
Determinants of tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy at public hospitals in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Ahmed , Bolka Habte , Woldesemayat Endrias Markos 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe burden of tuberculosis (TB)/HIV co-infection is high in sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of the present study was to identify determinants of TB among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at public hospitals in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based case-control study was conducted between 30 March and 30 April 2023. We employed a systematic random sampling to recruit participants. The cases were all adult PLHIV who developed TB after ART initiation, and the group without TB were all adult PLHIV who did not develop TB after their ART initiation. Data were collected from patients’ medical records using Kobo-tool and then exported to SPSS Version 26 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of TB. Statistical significance was defined using the 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultA total of 124 cases and 249 people without TB participated in the study. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, we identified five independent determinants of TB. These include age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7; 95% CI 1.4–5.2), patients’ residency (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI 2.8–14.5), WHO clinical stage III or IV (AOR = 6.7; 95% CI 3.2–14.0), isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP) prophylaxis using (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.2–0.9), and having other opportunistic infections (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.7–7.6).Conclusion and recommendationSeveral risk factors for TB were identified among PLHIV. Strengthening TB screening in advanced disease conditions, encouraging use of 3HP prophylaxis, and early diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections were recommended to reduce the incidence of TB among PLHIV.
ITGAL expression in non-small-cell lung cancer tissue and its association with immune infiltrates
Authors: Zhang Ruihao , Zhu Guangsheng , Li Zaishan , Meng Zhenzhen , Huang Hua , Ding Chen , Wang Yanan , Chen Chen , Li Yongwen , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIntegrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL) encodes an integrin component of LFA-1 and is a membrane receptor molecule widely expressed on leukocytes. It plays a key role in the interaction between white blood cells and other cells. There was a significant correlation between the expression of ITGAL and the tumor microenvironment in a number of cancers. However, experimental studies targeting ITGAL and immune cell infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are lacking.MethodsData were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) databases to explore the relationship between ITGAL expression and prognosis, as well as the immune cell infiltration in patients with NSCLC. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for ITGAL and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining for ITGAL, CD20, CD68, CD4, and CD8 from tissue microarrays containing 118 tumor tissues and paired paracancerous tissues from patients with NSCLC were performed. The correlation between ITGAL expression and clinical factors, as well as the immunophenotypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, were also analyzed.ResultsIn NSCLC tumor tissues, ITGAL was downregulated compared with matched paracancerous tissues, and low ITGAL expression was associated with a poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry results for tissue microarray showed that ITGAL expression was mainly elevated in tumor stroma and areas with highly infiltrated immune cells. ITGAL expression was higher in paracancerous tissues than tumor tissues. Furthermore, mIF results indicated that the patients with ITGAL-high expression tend had significantly higher CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, CD4+ T cells, and CD20+ B cells infiltration in their tumor tissues. Immunophenotypes were classified into three categories, that is deserted, excluded, and inflamed types, according to each kind of immune cell distribution in or around the cancer cell nest. MIF results showed that ITGAL expression level was correlated with the immunophenotypes. Furthermore, ITGAL expression was associated with the prognosis of NSCLC in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and the patients with high ITGAL expression tends have better outcomes.ConclusionsITGAL may be used as a biomarker for assessing the immune microenvironment in patients with NSCLC.
Design of novel microstrip patch antenna for millimeter-wave B5G communications
Authors: Tiang Jun Jiat , Alsekait Deema Mohammed , Khan Imran , Wang Pi-Chung , Madsen Dag Øivind 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The simplicity of integration and co-type features of microstrip antennas make them intriguing for a broad variety of applications, particularly with the growing usage of mmWave bands in wireless communications and the constant rise in data transfer in communication situations.Method: This paper proposes a novel design of micrstrip patch antenna for mmWave B5G communication. The main idea is to realize four-mode antenna the operates in four different frequencies. The geometry is rectangular patch whose resonance frequency is adjusted by varying the walls and pins of the structure.Results: Simulation results show that the proposed antenna design has improved fractional bandwidth and performance as compared with existing antennas.Discussion: The observed curve indicates that, in agreement with the modeling findings, there are four resonance spots in the operational frequency region of 2.5–3.4 GHz: 2.68 GHz, 2.9 GHz, 3.05 GHz, and 3.3 GHz, which correspond to TM1/2,0, TM3/2,0, and TMRS, respectively, and TM1/2,2 four resonant modes, within the frequency range, the observed antenna gain peak is around 9 dBi, which is consistent with the measured results.
Numerical study on the optimized thickness of layer configuration against the 7.62 APM2 projectile
Authors: Morghode Divyanshu S. , Thakur D. G. , Salunkhe Sachin , Cepova Lenka , Abouel Nasr Emad 
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to select suitable materials and optimize the thickness of these materials so that they could prevent the perforation of 7.62-mm AP bullets at 830 m/s impact velocity. A numerical method is used to analyze the impact on layered configurations of Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 to fulfill this aim. In order to optimize the thickness of the armor, normal impact and angular impact conditions were considered. Initially, a 20-mm Al2O3 front plate with a 20-mm Al 7075-T651 back plate is analyzed for layered configuration. Back plate thickness is reduced in steps to 10 mm such that no plastic deformation is observed on the rear side of the target. For further optimization of weight, the thickness of the Al2O3 plate is reduced to 18 mm. The weight of this configuration is 1.77 kg, and the areal density is 97.22 kg/m2. This configuration is analyzed for target orientations such as 80°, 70°, and 60°. In this analysis, the projectile deformed in a mushroom shape for 90° and 80° target orientations, while for 70° and 60° target orientations, the projectile experienced more damage on the shank part. The most effective configuration with the highest degree of ballistic performance is a layered combination of the 18-mm Al2O3 front plate and 10-mm Al 7075-T651 back plate at 70° target orientation.
Recruitment of beneficial cucumber rhizosphere microbes mediated by amino acid secretion induced by biocontrol Bacillus subtilis isolate 1JN2
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Xiao , Yan Haixia , Sun Yiwen , Wu Diwen , Du Ying , Luo Yuming 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAt present, the use of beneficial microorganisms to control cucumber Fusarium wilt is a widely used method, and the rhizosphere microecological reset is one of the mechanisms involved. However, how biocontrol strains reshape cucumber rhizosphere microecology remains to be further studied.MethodsThe composition changes of cucumber root exudates induced by biocontrol strain 1JN2, the microbial ecology of cucumber rhizosphere and the colonization ability of biocontrol strain 1JN2 in cucumber rhizosphere were analyzed through UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, Illumina high-throughput sequencing and SEM, respectively.ResultsFirst, cucumber plants treated with biocontrol Bacillus 1JN2 reduced the disease severity of Fusarium wilt by 60%. Significant changes in cucumber root exudates were found after 1JN2 inoculation and the contents of four amino acids including glutamine, tryptophan, glycine and glutamic acid were significantly increased. Second, It was found that the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of cucumber was significantly increased in both the strain treatment group and the amino acid mixture treatment group, The number of Bacillus was the largest in all dominant populations, exceeded 20% in all treatment groups. The bacteria of Hydrogenispora and Vicinamibacteria were significantly increased after treatment.DiscussionOverall, the results demonstrated that amino acid substances in cucumber root exudates induced by biocontrol strain 1JN2 can shift the cucumber root microenvironment and prevent the occurrence of Fusarium wilt disease.
Predictors of prolonged length of stay in adult patients with respiratory syncytial virus infections – a multi-center historical cohort study
Authors: Malik Ambreen , Szpunar Susan , Sharma Mamta , Johnson Leonard B. , Saravolatz Louis , Bhargava Ashish 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesSeveral studies have reported risk factors for severe disease and mortality in hospitalized adults with RSV infections. There is limited information available regarding the factors that affect the duration of a patient’s hospital length of stay (LOS).MethodsThis was a multicenter historical cohort study of adult patients hospitalized for laboratory-confirmed RSV in Southeast Michigan between January 2017 and December 2021. Hospitalized patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision 10 codes for RSV infection. Mean LOS was computed; prolonged LOS was defined as greater than the mean.ResultsWe included 360 patients with a mean age (SD) of 69.9 ± 14.7 years, 63.6% (229) were female and 63.3% (228) of white race. The mean hospital LOS was 7.1 ± 5.4 days. Factors associated with prolonged LOS in univariable analysis were old age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, Charlson Weighted Index of Comorbidity (CWIC), home oxygen, abnormal chest x-ray (CXR), presence of sepsis, use of oxygen, and antibiotics at the time of presentation. Predictors for prolonged LOS on admission in multivariable analysis were age on admission (p &lt; 0.001), smoking status (p = 0.001), CWIC (p = 0.038) and abnormal CXR (p = 0.043).InterpretationOur study found that age on admission, smoking history, higher CWIC and abnormal CXR on admission were significantly associated with prolonged LOS among adult patients hospitalized with RSV infection. These findings highlight the significance of promptly recognizing and implementing early interventions to mitigate the duration of hospitalization for adult patients suffering from RSV infection.