bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETARDED BIOSYNTHESIS OF THYROGLOBULIN SUBUNITS AND THEIR POLYMERIZATION IN VITRO AFTER SUPPRESSION OF TSH SECRETION IN RATS BY CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF EXCESS THYROXINE IN THE FORM OF IODINATED CASEIN
Authors: Sinadinović J. , Krainčanić M. , Kostić G. , Jovanović M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of short- and long-term (from 3 days to 28 weeks) administration of excess thyroxine in the form of the iodinated casein "Protamone" (0.2%) to rats on the content of soluble thyroid iodoproteins and on biosynthesis and polymerization of thyroid proteins in vitro were investigated. The concentration of soluble iodoproteins significantly increased (40–80%) up to 2 weeks of treatment, and after that remained at the same level. 27S iodoprotein markedly increased during thyroxine treatment. The content of DNA in the gland and the thyroid weight were a little lower in the treated rats than in the control.
The incorporation rate of [14C]leucine into soluble and microsome-bound proteins in vitro was markedly reduced in the treated animals (30–80 % of control). Thyroxine pre-treatment of rats induced retarded synthesis of thyroglobulin and its subunits in vitro. The inhibition of the synthesis of thyroid proteins in vitro and the incrrease in the soluble iodopritein content in the gland in vivo was not correlated with the duration of thyroxine treatment.
The immobilization of pre-formed thyroglobulin in the follicle lumen for a long time period is probably an important factor in the enlarged conversion of thyroglobulin into 27S iodoprotein.
In conclusion, the long-term suppression of endogenous TSH secretion by administration of thyroxine results in an accumulation of iodoproteins in the thyroid and a reduced rate of synthesis of iodoproteins; after 2 weeks a steady state is reached both with regard to iodoprotein accumulation and synthesis. Finally, the results obtained suggest that the thyroid-pituitary axis becomes adapted to chronic administration of excess thyroxine.
CALCITONIN ACTIVITY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Broulik P. D. , Hradec E. , Pacovský V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thyroidal content of calcitonin was investigated in patients with euthyroid goitre, patients undergoing laryngectomies or neck operations and finally patients with primary hyperparathyroidism using method of biological titration. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had markedly decreased content of calcitonin in the thyroid gland when compared with the content of calcitonin of both groups of patients without calcium metabolism disturbance. Decreased content of calcitonin in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism can be explained by long lasting hypercalcaemia during which the rate of biosynthesis of calcitonin in the C cells does not keep up with the rate of release of calcitonin into the circulation.
ABSENCE OF INHIBITION BY HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA ON OVARIAN RESPONSE TO EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Aono Toshihiro , Yasuda Motoi , Shioji Takenori , Kondo Kunio , Kurachi Keiichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to assess the effect of hyperprolactinaemia on the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotrophin, serum oestrogen levels were determined in 6 normal females. Two hundred and twenty-five IU of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) was im injected daily for 3 days from the 4th day of the menstrual cycle, and the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and oestradiol-17β were determined by radioimmunoassay daily for 7 days starting from the first day of injection (control cycle). After 2 months the same schedule was applied to the previous 6 subjects and in addition sulpiride 100 mg bid was given orally during the course of the study (sulpiride cycle).
There was a significant increase in serum FSH and a decline in serum LH during hMG treatment in both groups. The mean (± se) serum levels of PRL in the sulpiride group increased gradually from 24.5 ± 3.8 ng/ml (1st day) to 56.2 ± 3.4 ng/ml (7th day). All these levels were significantly higher than those of the control group. The mean (± se) serum oestradiol increments by hMG stimulation in control and sulpiride groups showed a peak on the 5th day with respective levels of 757.2 ± 202.3 and 845.3 ± 263.3 pg/ml. No significant differences in the mean oestradiol increment were found between the two groups on any day.
These results indicate that acute hyperprolactinaemia does not appear to induce ovarian refractoriness to exogenous gonadotrophin in normal cyclic women.
OESTROGEN TREATMENT AND SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY IN TWO PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HYPERGONADOTROPHIC OVARIAN FAILURE
Authors: Starup J. , Philip J. , Sele V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This report describes in detail the histological and hormonal findings in a patient with Turner's syndrome (45,XO) and a patient with premature menopause (46,XX), who both conceived after withdrawal or reduction of substitution therapy with oestrogens. The aetiology of severe hypergonadotrophic ovarian failure is discussed, and theories regarding a possible relationship between the oestrogen treatment and subsequent pregnancy are hypothesized.
MATURATIONAL CHANGES IN SHEEP OVARIAN FOLLICLES: GONADOTROPHIC STIMULATION OF CYCLIC AMP PRODUCTION BY ISOLATED THECA AND GRANULOSA CELLS
Authors: Weiss T. J. , Armstrong D. T. , McIntosh J. E. A. , Seamark R. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Theca and granulosa tissues isolated from sheep ovarian follicles of different sizes were incubated in the presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG; 5 IU/ml) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 5 μg NIH-FSH-S11/ml) for 40 min. Changes in the total amounts of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were used as an index of the responsiveness of these preparations to the hormones. Thecal tissue of both large (4–6 mm in diameter) and small (1–3 mm) follicles responded similarly to gonadotrophins. Granulosa cells from small follicles failed to respond to stimulation by HCG. FSH, however, consistently increased cAMP production in comparison with controls or cells treated with HCG. Granulosa cells of large follicles responded to both HCG and FSH.
STUDIES OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SHEEP
Authors: Wilson P. R. , Tarttelin M. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) (1 μg/kg was injected intravenously into pre-natally androgenised and untreated control ram and ewe lambs and castrated pre-natally androgenised rams on each of the 6th, 14th, 22nd and 30th week of post-natal life, and plasma samples collected at −20, −10, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min from injection for LH estimation. No difference in pre-injection LH levels or responses to GnRH were observed between pre-natally androgenised and control male and female lambs. Castration resulted in significantly elevated pre-injection LH levels (P < 0.001) and responses to GnRH (P < 0.05).
Forty-five week old control and pre-natally androgenised ewes were subjected to a GnRH injection and plasma sampling routine identical to that described above both before and 2 weeks after ovariectomy. Significantly elevated pre-injection LH levels and LH responses to GnRH (P < 0.001) resulted from ovariectomy but there were no differences in either parameter between control and androgenised ewes either before or after ovariectomy.
It is concluded that since pre-natal androgenisation altered neither pituitary gonadotrophic activity nor pituitary or hypothalamic steroid negative feedback activity, the depressed basal LH secretion reported earlier in pre-natally androgenised lambs (Wilson & Tarttelin 1978) was probably due to impairment of hypothalamic production and/or release of endogenous GnRH rather than to modification of pituitary gland function.
FINE STRUCTURE OF RAT PROLACTIN CELLS AFTER TREATMENT WITH A LONG ACTING DEPOT CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Aumüller G. , Wagner R. , Gräf K. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult intact female rats were injected with norethisterone oenanthate (NOe), with or without simultaneous administration of CB-154, or with oestradiol benzoate (OeB). The ultrastructure of prolactin (PRL) cells due to the various treatment regimens was investigated and compared with the situation found in controls.
Both after treatment with NOe or NOe plus CB-154, the number of PRL cells increased and displayed various ultrastructure signs of stimulation. The determination of serum PRL levels coincides with these morphological findings. In all treated animals mammary gland DNA content was significantly increased.
The results presented indicate that proliferative changes in the rat mammary gland depend predominantly on the presence of progestogenic activities additionally to PRL, whereas the effect of oestrogens was regarded as an indirect effect via their PRL-stimulatory action.
POSSIBLE ROLE OF HYPERAMMONAEMIA AND/OR OF PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS ON THE VARIABILITY OF THE TSH RESPONSE TO TRH IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Schlienger J. L. , Hasselmann M. , Imler M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and the TSH response to TRH administered iv were measured by radioimmunoassay in 21 patients with advanced cirrhosis and compared to 20 control patients without liver disease (group A). While the mean T4 values (8.6±0.3 μg/100 ml) were similar for the two groups, the mean T3 values were significantly lower in patients with liver disease (123 ± 12 vs. 156 ± 10 ng/100 ml). The mean baseline TSH levels and the magnitude of the peak were normal but very scattered in these patients. The TSH response to TRH appeared independant of nutritional status, T4 and T3, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, transaminasaemia and bilirubinaemia. The TSH release after TRH injection seemed however to be markedly elevated in cirrhotic patients with hyperammonaemia. Therefore, patients with liver disease were separated into two groups according to the absence (group B; n = 11) or the presence (group C; n = 10) of hyperammonaemia. Mean T4 values and the free thyroxine index were lower in group C (7.2 ± 0.6 vs. 9 ± 0.6 μg/100 ml and 1.87 ± 0.16 vs. 2.49 ± 0.15) but mean T3 and basal TSH values did not differ in group B and C. The TSH response was slightly dispersed in B and lower than that observed in A or in C (P < 0.01). A hyperresponsiveness in 4 patients and a hyperresponsiveness in 2 other patients was noted in group C without any correlation with the basal TSH value or T3 or T4
Since hyperammonaemia has been considered as a biological parameter of hepatic encephalopathy, it is suggested that the THS release which is neuraminergic controlled may be altered by this situation resulting in a cerebral aminergic mediators depletion.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Boado R. , Brown T. J. , Bromage N. R. , Matty A. J. , Zaninovich A. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism was assessed in untreated and in insulin-treated diabetic rats and the results compared with a corresponding control group. Male rats of the Wistar strain were made diabetic by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan in a dose of 17.5 mg/100 g body weight and thereafter maintained normoglycaemic for a week and until 24 h before initiation of the study. The average glycaemia in control and in insulin-treated animals was 135 mg/100 ml, whereas in the untreated diabetic rats it was 455 mg/100 ml. Each animal was injected a tracer dose of [125I]T3 containing 2 μCi of 125I and 15 ng of T3. Heparinized blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture at 5, 18 and 24 h following the injection of the tracer. The excretion of inorganic 125I in the 24-h collections of urine was also determined. The kinetics of [125I]T3 were studied by the extrapolation method using the straight line of plasma disappearance between 5 and 24 h. It was found that the untreated diabetic rats had a significant slowing of plasma disappearance of labelled T3. The decrease in fractional hormone turnover was balanced by a slight expansion of the distribution space, which presumably led to a larger hormone pool and a normal degradation rate of T3. These events seemed substantiated by the normal excretion of 125I in the urine observed in untreated animals. A parallel study of plasma hormone binding using a red cell uptake method showed a significant reduction of binding avidity for T3 by plasma proteins in the untreated diabetic animals. The administration of insulin restored plasma T3 kinetics and binding avidity to normal, as observed in control rats. It was concluded that untreated diabetes mellitus induced changes in T3 kinetics and in T3 serum binding without altering hormone deiodination, parameter which reflects tissue utilization of T3.
STUDIES ON THE TISSUE-DISPOSITION AND FATE OF [14C]STREPTOZOTOCIN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PANCREATIC ISLETS
Authors: Johansson Eva Britt , Tjälve Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The tissue-disposition and fate of [14C]streptozotocin, labelled in the methyl-group of the N-nitrosomethylurea side-chain, have been studied in mice. Whole-body autoradiography, quantified by densitometric measurements, showed that the pancreatic islets had a high capacity to accumulate radioactivity after the injection of [14C]streptozotocin. Microautoradiography of the pancreas showed that centrally located cells were labelled while peripherally located cells contained a low labelling, indicating a selective labelling of the β-cells. A high radioactivity was present in the liver and the cortex of the kidney at most survival intervals. About 17 % of the radioactivity was exhaled as 14CO2 during 6 h, which shows that the methyl group of the N-nitrosomethylurea side-chain is split off. Radioactivity was shown to be incorporated in the acid-insoluble precipitate of the pancreatic islets, the liver, the kidney, and the exocrine pancreas. This may, to a varying extent, be due both to alkylating reactions and to incorporation of radioactivity in the macromolecules of the tissues via normal metabolic pathways. About 44 % of the radioactivity was excreted as unchanged [14C]streptozotocin in the urine during 24 h, while about 1 % of the radioactivity was found in the faeces. Whole-body autoradiography of [14C]streptozotocin in two Chinese hamsters and one rat also showed a high accumulation of radioactivity in the pancreatic islets in these species.
REDUCED POST-NATAL RISE OF TESTOSTERONE IN PLASMA OF CRYPTORCHID INFANTS
Authors: Gendrel Dominique , Job Jean-Claude , Roger Marc 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone has been studied in 31 full-term male infants born with bilaterally undescended testes (14) or unilaterally undescended testis (17). From 10 to 89 days after birth, the post-natal testosterone rise was significantly lower in the 18 infants who remained cryptorchid at 4 months than in the 13 who underwent spontaneous testicular descensus and in the normal controls. Blunted post-natal Leydig cell secretion in cryptorchids may relate to a primary LH defect and could contribute to the impairment of both testicular descensus and maturation.
A GONADOTROPHIN-RESPONSIVE VIRILIZING ADRENAL TUMOUR IDENTIFIED AS A MIXED GANGLIONEUROMA AND ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA
Authors: Takahashi Hisatoshi , Yoshizaki Kenichi , Kato Hideyuki , Masuda Toshihisa , Matsuka Goro , Mimura Tsuneo , Inui Yasunobu , Takeuchi Satoru , Adachi Haruo , Matsumoto Keishi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 38-year-old gravida 2, para 1 woman, who had suffered from virilization and amenorrhoea for 8 years was examined. She had peripheral serum testosterone (T) levels of 3.9–8.7 ng/ml (normal level: 0.32 ± 0.09 ng/ml) with normal serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), aldosterone and cortisol (F) and normal urinary 17-ketosteroids (17-KS).
Dexamethasone (DXM 2 mg/day for 5 days) suppressed the serum F level adequately, but reduced the high T levels only slightly. The administration of commercial hCG 6000 IU for 3 days increased both the serum T levels (5.68 to 9.83 ng/ml) and the serum DHA levels (4.9 to 9.8 ng/ml, normal range 4–6 ng/ml), but synthetic ACTH-Z (Cortrosyn-Z®, 1 mg, Organon) did not affect the serum T level. The basal serum LH level was abnormally low, and constant infusion of synthetic LH-RH (200 μg/5 h) resulted in good responses of serum LH and FSH and increase in the serum T level from 5.2 to 9.1 ng/ml.
Computerized tomography, ultrasonography and pneumo-retroperitoneumroentgenography showed the presence of a large tumour in the right adrenal. The tumour was a circumscribed irregularly lobulate mass, measuring 16×8×8 cm and weighing 500 g. Histologically, it was identified as a ganglioneuroma containing numerous scattered groups of large polyhydral cells similar to adrenocortical cells, forming islets in some places. After removal of the tumour from the right adrenal, the high serum T level decreased to the normal female level in 24 h.
CHOLINERGIC INFLUENCES ON HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY OF STRESSED RATS: AN APPROACH UTILIZING AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS
Authors: Sithichoke N. , Marotta S. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cholinergic involvement in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system of male rats was evaluated using muscarinic (atropine and methacholine) and nicotine (mecamylamine and nicotine) agents, which were selected for their specificity on cholinergic receptors (ChR). They were administered either intracerebroventricularly (icv) to produce central effects, or ip to produce both central and peripheral effects, prior to subjecting the animals to either auditory or hypercapnic stress for 1 h. Plasma corticosterone was used as an index of HPA activity. The results suggest that central muscarinic ChR are involved in inhibiting HPA activity in both non-stressed and stressed animals, whereas central nicotinic ChR are excitatory during stress but inactive in the non-stressed state. Stimulation of peripheral nicotinic ChR appeared to potentiate the HPA response to hypercapnia, and to inhibit the central excitatory nicotinic ChR when the latter were activated in non-stressed and auditory stressed rats. These data suggest that during auditory stress the HPA system is more dependent upon the cholinergic system for its activation than during non-stressed and hypercapnic states.
MAINTENANCE OF SPERMATOGENESIS INDUCED BY HMG TREATMENT BY MEANS OF CONTINUOUS HCG TREATMENT IN HYPOGONADOTROPHIC MEN
Authors: Johnsen Svend G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a long-term hypophysectomized male HCG treatment was unable to initiate spermatogenesis. However, a spermatogenesis induced by HMG/HCG treatment could be maintained by HCG alone for 7 years with clinical fertility. In another hypogonadotrophic male HCG was also unable to initiate spermatogenesis. But a spermatogenesis once induced by HMG/HCG treatment could be maintained for more than one year with HCG alone. It is suggested that gonadotrophin treatment of the hypogonadotrophic male should consist of HMG + HCG until complete spermatogenesis is induced followed by maintenance treatment with HCG.
SECRETION OF THE ANDROGENS IN THE MALE GUINEA-PIG DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD
Authors: Pelardy G. , Delost P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma and testicular testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone concentrations have been estimated by radioimmunoassay in the male foetus and newborn guinea-pigs between day 62 of pregnancy to day 12 of post-natal life. The prenatal period is characterized by low plasma androgen levels and high testosterone and androstenedione testicular content. After birth there is a peak of plasma testosterone concentration on day 3 concomitant with a release of testicular androgens; no similar increase of androstenedione or DHT is observed in plasma. This peak in plasma testosterone is testis dependent because it disappears after castration; it is also light dependent at birth. The investigations on testosterone and androstenedione peripheral metabolism have shown that day 3 after parturition is a "critical period" in the evolution of the metabolic clearance rate, the production rate and the conversion rate of these two androgens. The neonatal increase in plasma testosterone may be accounted for by the variations in these metabolic parameters and may have an influence upon certain sexual target organs, especially upon the vas deferens, the androgens content of which increases during the same "critical period".
FAILURE OF THE TRH TEST TO PREDICT THE CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS IN REMISSION AFTER ANTITHYROID DRUG THERAPY FOR GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: Irvine W. J. , Gray R. S. , Toft A. D. , Seth J. , Cameron E. H. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to assess the predictive value of the TRH test in patients in remission after stopping antithyroid drugs for thyrotoxicosis, 11 euthyroid patients with a subnormal (group I) and 23 euthyroid patients with a normal serum TSH response to TRH (group II) were followed-up for one year. The mean ± se intervals since the withdrawal of drug therapy were 23.2 ±1.6 and 20.4 ± 0.7 months, respectively, at the outset of the study. Five patients (45 %) from group I and 7 patients (30 %) from group II relapsed during the period of observation. In addition, a change from a subnormal to a normal serum TSH response to TRH and vice versa occurred in some patients. It is not possible to predict by means of the TRH test the subsequent clinical course of patients in remission following antithyroid drug therapy.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTISERA TO SYNTHETIC 1–34 HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE FRAGMENTS: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CORRECTNESS OF PROPOSED STRUCTURES
Authors: Visser T. J. , Buurman C. J. , Birkenhäger J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Antisera were raised to 1–34 hPTH-B and to 1–34 hPTH-N.
In the assays utilizing antisera to 1–34 hPTH-B the relative affinity of 1–84 hPTH was correlated with the activity displayed by 1–34 hPTH-N. The activity of 13–34 hPTH-B was always higher than that of 1–12 hPTH, but both peptides displaced most of the radioiodinated 1–34 hPTH-B from the antiserum. This may be due to the fact that the 1–12 and 13–34 fragments contain a homologous sequence: 6–10 (-GIN-Leu-Met-His-AsN-) and 29–33 (-GIN-Leu-Val-His-AsN-). It was possible to develop a heterologous radioimmunoassay using anti-(1–34 hPTH-B) antiserum and [125I] 1–34 hPTH-N with favourable properties: complete cross-reactivity of 1–84 hPTH and high sensitivity (< 10−14 mol/tube).
All antisera to 1–34 hPTH-N were characterized by a high reactivity towards 1–34 bPTH and a higher avidity for 1–84 hPTH than for 1–34 hPTH-B. In all assays using either antisera to 1–34 hPTH-B or antisera to 1–34 hPTH-N 19–24 hPTH-B was completely inactive.
In accordance with our previous observation that position 30 in native hPTH is probably occupied by an aspartic acid residue, the present study seems to indicate that position 28 or 30 is indeed represented incorrectly by the structure of 1–34 hPTH-B.