bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a Bayesian Approach to the Tomographic Analysis of Hopper Flow
Authors: Grudzien Krzysztof , Romanowski Andrzej , Williams Richard A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to the analysis of data on powder flow from electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) using probability modelling and Bayesian statistics. The methodology is illustrated for powder flow in a hopper. The purpose, and special features, of this approach is that ‘high‐level’ statistical Bayesian modelling combined with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm allows direct estimation of control parameters of industrial processes in contrast to usually applied ‘low‐level’, pixel‐based methods of data analysis. This enables reliable recognition of key process features in a quantitative manner. The main difficulty when investigating hopper flow with ECT is due to the need to measure small differences in particle packing density. The MCMC protocol enables more robust identification of the responses of such complex systems. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the approach for a simple case of particulate material flow during discharging of a hopper. It is concluded that these approaches can offer significant advantages for the analysis and control of some industrial powder and other multi‐phase flow processes.
Applicability of interrupter resistance measurements for evaluation of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in children
Authors: Song Dae Jin , Woo Chul Hee , Kang Hee , Kim Hyung Jin , Choung Ji Tae 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe interrupter technique is a noninvasive method for measuring air‐flow resistance during tidal breathing. This method requires minimal cooperation, and is therefore promising for use in uncooperative children. The aim of this study was to evaluate applicability interrupter resistance (Rint) measurements in the assessment of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Fifty children aged 5–12 years with mild to moderate asthma were tested by exercise challenge, consisting of free outdoor running for 6 min at 80–90% of maximal predicted heart rate for age. Rint, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured before and 10 min after exercise. EIB was defined as a fall of 10% or more in FEV1 after exercise. The repeatability of Rint was assessed, and its response to exercise challenge was compared with current standardized methods. The mean intermeasurement coefficient of variation was 4.6% (SD, ± 3.0%), and the repeatability coefficient was 0.056 kPa/l/sec. Eighteen (36%) of the 50 children had EIB after exercise challenge test. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.953 (95% confidence interval, 0.853–0.992; P < 0.001), and the optimal Rint cutoff value was 15.2%, producing a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 96.9%. The positive and negative predictive values were 94.1% and 93.9%, respectively. The kappa value between FEV1 and Rint was 0.83. The repeatability of Rint measurements was good, and the results of exercise challenge tests using Rint measurements have excellent agreement with the current standardized methods to detect EIB. Considering that only minimal comprehension and coordination are needed without forced breathing technique, the Rint measurement can provide a useful alternative for assessment of EIB in children unable to perform reliable spirometry. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated bronchial leiomyoma in a boy with cellular immunodeficiency
Authors: Hatano Miho , Takada Hidetoshi , Nomura Akihiko , Ohga Shouichi , Ohshima Koichi , Saeki Isamu , Tajiri Tatsuro , Taguchi Tomoaki , Suita Sachiyo , Hara Toshiro 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBronchial leiomyoma is a rare disease in children. Recently, the association of leiomyoma and HIV infection was reported. We describe a boy with a cellular immunodeficiency, who had endobronchial leiomyoma. The tumor cells were positive for Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded RNA‐1 (EBER‐1) and Epstein‐Barr virus‐determined nuclear antigen‐2, suggesting a role of Epstein‐Barr virus in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Montelukast administered in the morning or evening to prevent exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in children
Authors: Pajaron‐Fernandez Manuel , Garcia‐Rubia Servando , Sanchez‐Solis Manuel , Garcia‐Marcos Luis 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMontelukast is recommended to be taken in the evening. The effectiveness of this drug to prevent exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children was already evaluated. However, there is no information to determine if this effectiveness could vary depending on dosage time. Children (n = 24) with a documented history of EIB performed an exercise challenge test before starting montelukast treatment. Twelve children were randomly allocated to receive the drug in the morning for 2 weeks, and another 12 to receive it in the evening. After this treatment period and after a week of washout, the children were crossed over. An exercise test was repeated after the first and second periods of treatment. Values obtained after morning or evening dosage were compared with pretreatment values for the whole group of children. There was a significant effect of montelukast for protecting against EIB, measured both as percent of maximum fall in forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) (18.9 ± 9.7, morning, 18.7 ± 11.3, evening, vs. 27.5 ± 9.8, pretreatment; P < 0.05) or as area under the curve (156.4 ± 102.0, morning, 145.4 ± 130.6, evening, vs. 294.3 ± 156.5, pretreatment; P < 0.005). There were no statistical differences between taking the drug in the morning or evening. In conclusion, montelukast, taken for 2 weeks, is equally effective in exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction when dosing either in the morning or in the evening. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of the anomalous fading effects of TL and OSL signals of Durango apatite
Authors: Polymeris G. S. , Tsirliganis N. , Loukou Z. , Kitis G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Thermoluminescence (TL), Blue Stimulated Luminescence (BSL) and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) properties of apatite (originating from Durango, Mexico) are studied. The TL dose response of Durango apatite is linear to an extended dose region whereas the BSL and IRSL dose responses are sublinear. The TL, BSL and IRSL signals are found to exhibit strong anomalous fading (AF). All experimentally obtained BSL and IRSL decay curves were transformed into pseudo‐linear modulated (pseudo‐LM) ones. The resulting glow‐curve shaped pseudo‐LM curves were analyzed using a deconvolution analysis, similar to that used for the glow‐curve deconvolution (GCD) of TL glow‐curves. It was found that the pseudo‐LM BSL and IRSL decay curves consist of two components termed fast and slow and their individual contributions were estimated. The AF of the remnant TL, BSL and IRSL signals as a function of storage time were fitted to the tunneling model equations and the fading rate g, in terms of percentage per decade was evaluated. According to the g values found the AF properties are ordered as following: The AF of the BSL and IRSL signals is stronger than that of the TL. The AF of the fast components of BSL and IRSL signals is almost the same. The stimulation by blue light causes strong bleaching of the TL signal and alterations in the glow‐curve shape, whereas the IR light causes, only, a slight bleaching of the TL signal without changes in the glow‐curve shape. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A collaborative and adaptive process for developing environmental flow recommendations
Authors: Richter Brian D. , Warner Andrew T. , Meyer Judy L. , Lutz Kim 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMany river restoration projects are focusing on restoring environmental flow regimes to improve ecosystem health in rivers that have been developed for water supply, hydropower generation, flood control, navigation, and other purposes. In efforts to prevent future ecological damage, water supply planners in some parts of the world are beginning to address the water needs of river ecosystems proactively by reserving some portion of river flows for ecosystem support. These restorative and protective actions require development of scientifically credible estimates of environmental flow needs. This paper describes an adaptive, inter‐disciplinary, science‐based process for developing environmental flow recommendations. It has been designed for use in a variety of water management activities, including flow restoration projects, and can be tailored according to available time and resources for determining environmental flow needs. The five‐step process includes: (1) an orientation meeting; (2) a literature review and summary of existing knowledge about flow‐dependent biota and ecological processes of concern; (3) a workshop to develop ecological objectives and initial flow recommendations, and identify key information gaps; (4) implementation of the flow recommendations on a trial basis to test hypotheses and reduce uncertainties; and (5) monitoring system response and conducting further research as warranted. A range of recommended flows are developed for the low flows in each month, high flow pulses throughout the year, and floods with targeted inter‐annual frequencies. We describe an application of this process to the Savannah River, in which the resultant flow recommendations were incorporated into a comprehensive river basin planning process conducted by the Corps of Engineers, and used to initiate the adaptive management of Thurmond Dam. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The behaviour of Pacific salmonid smolts during passage over two experimental weirs under light and dark conditions
Authors: Kemp Paul S. , Gessel Michael H. , Sandford Benjamin P. , Williams John G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLittle is known of how fish respond to the hydraulic environment associated with diversion or bypass structures at hydroelectric power installations. To address this lack of knowledge, this paper presents results from a study to assess how three species of Pacific salmonid smolt (Oncorhynchus spp.) responded to distinct gradients of velocity and depth associated with two submerged weirs as they passed through an experimental flume at McNary Dam (Columbia River, USA) under illuminated and dark conditions. Migrating smolts entered one of two available treatment channels as coherent schools from which individuals would either disassociate from the group and pass over the weirs, or would reject them by swimming upstream. Alternatively, fish maintained position at the upstream end of the flume by swimming into the flow. The response of smolts to velocity and depth gradient and light condition varied between species, and route of passage was influenced by fork length. Initial channel selection and school size was not influenced by weir type, although schools resided longer within the short‐weir channel. The majority of smolts (70%) entered the treatment channels facing downstream (negative rheotaxis), but switched orientation at the crests of the weirs. This switch in orientation occurred farther downstream in the short‐weir treatment and for the largest smolts. The variation in response of different species of smolts to hydraulic gradients has important implications for the design of screening mechanisms used at hydroelectric power installations to divert migrant juvenile salmonids. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Laser Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy for the Characterization of Starch Granule Ring Structure
Authors: Li Ji‐Hong , Guiltinan Mark J. , Thompson Donald B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA laser differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy protocol was developed for the visualization of starch growth rings in an optical section series. Potato and maize starches were observed with this new technique. Partial lintnerization was necessary to visualize the rings. The best image contrast was obtained using a blue laser and image deconvolution. For native starches, growth rings were evident in potato starch, but not as much as in native normal and waxy maize starches. Lintnerization enhanced the visualization of growth rings until granule integrity became compromised (by 48 h for waxy maize and by 96 h for normal maize and potato starches). Density of growth rings was not different for normal and waxy maize starches (11.3 and 12.1 rings/10 μm) but was lower for potato starch (7.5 rings/10 μm). Compared to other techniques for visualization of growth rings such as SEM and TEM, this protocol is fast and simple with minimum sample preparation and little possibility of artifacts.
Physicochemical Characterization of Mexican Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Tailing Starch
Authors: Lecuona‐Villanueva Abril , Torruco‐Uco Juan , Chel‐Guerrero Luis , Betancur‐Ancona David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA physicochemical characterization was made of tailing starch isolated from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a legume. Proximate composition was 1.6% protein, 3.1% fiber, 0.7%, 0.6% ash and 94.0% carbohydrates as nitrogen‐free extract. Total dietary fiber content was 14.1%, soluble fiber was 12.1%, and insoluble fiber was 2.0% as determined by the Prosky method. Amylose content was 22.9%. Gelatinization temperature ranged from 73.5°C to 86.3°C, the peak temperature being 79.3°C. Gelatinization enthalpy was 12.9 J/g. Swelling power ranged from 6.1 g water per gram starch at 60°C to 26.3 g water per gram starch at 90°C. Solubility, analyzed within the same temperature interval, ranged from 4.3% to 23%. Water absorption capacity was 5.8 g water per gram starch at 60°C and 19.4 g water per gram starch at 90°C. Initial pasting temperature was 78°C, breakdown was ‐68 Brabender Units (BU), consistency was 265 BU, and setback was 197 BU. Clarity, expressed as transmittance, was 13.4%. Syneresis in a 6% gel stored for 24 h at 4°C was 6.6% and 22.5% at −10°C. The physicochemical properties of Mexican cowpea tailing starch indicate that it is a good source of dietary fiber which can be included in food systems that require thermal treatments as bakery products.
Habitat variation in species composition of flea assemblages on small mammals in central Europe
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Stanko Michal , Miklisova Dana , Morand Serge 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe studied patterns of variation in species composition of flea assemblages on small mammals across different habitats of Slovakia and compared flea species composition within and across host species among habitats. We asked (1) how variable the composition of flea assemblages is among different populations of the same host occurring in different habitats and (2) whether the composition of flea assemblages in a habitat is affected either by species composition of hosts or by environmental affinities of this habitat. Between‐habitat similarity in flea species composition increased with an increase in the similarity in host species composition. Species richness of flea assemblages of a host species correlated positively with mean number of cohabitating host species but not with the number of habitats occupied by a host species. Results of the ordination of flea collections from each individual host demonstrated that the first five principal components explained most of the variance in species composition of flea assemblages. The segregation between rodent and insectivore flea assemblages was easily discerned from the ordination diagram when flea assemblages were plotted according to their hosts. When flea assemblages were plotted according to their habitat affinities, the distinction of habitats based on variation in flea composition was not as clear. The results of ANOVA of each principal component showed the significant effect of both host species and habitat type. The variation in each principal component was explained better by the factor of host species compared with the factor of habitat type. Multidimensional scaling of flea assemblages within host species across habitats demonstrated that among‐habitat variation in flea composition was manifested differently in different hosts.
Susceptibility of Prussian carp infected by metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum cuticola (v. Nordmann, 1832) to fish predation
Authors: Ondračková Markéta , Dávidová Martina , Gelnar Milan , Jurajda Pavel 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe susceptibility of prey fish infected by metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) to the predation of non‐host predators under experimental conditions was investigated. Parasitized young‐of‐the‐year Prussian carp Carassius auratus were consumed significantly more often by perch Perca fluviatilis compared to non‐parasitized individuals, independent of Prussian carp density. The proportion of parasitized and non‐parasitized fish consumed by the predator remained stable at four different prey densities. The probability of predation did not increase with the intensity of parasite infection. The effect of P. cuticola on the host seems to result mostly from pathological changes (poor condition, black spots). However, our results provide evidence of higher probability of parasitized Prussian carp being consumed by fish predators under experimental conditions.
Hardy inequalities and dynamic instability of singular Yamabe metrics
Authors: Pisante Adriano 
Published: January 2006

We study the Cauchy problem

\tag{P}
\begin{cases}
u_{t} = \mathrm{\Delta }u + |u|^{\sigma −1}u & \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N} \times (0, + \infty ), \\ u(x,0) = u_{0}(x) & \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},
\end{cases}

for nonnegative functions

u\::\mathbb{R}^{N} \times (0, + \infty )\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{ + }

. Here

N \geq 3

,

\sigma + 1 = 2^{ \ast } = \frac{2N}{N−2}

is the Sobolev exponent of the embedding

H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N})↪L^{2^{ \ast }}(\mathbb{R}^{N})

and

u_{0} = U

is a time independent positive solution with nonempty singular set

\Sigma = \mathrm{Sing}(U)

, e.g. a distributional solution associated to a singular Yamabe metric on

S^{N}

. We show that, if

Σ

is a finite set, then problem (

\mathrm P

) has a weak solution which is smooth for positive time. Hence, time independent singular solutions may be unstable and the Cauchy problem (

\mathrm P

) may have infinitely many weak solutions. A similar weaker result is proved for any nonnegative distributional solution

U

when

Σ

is a compact set.

Résumé
Nous étudions le problème de Cauchy

\tag{P}
\begin{cases}
u_{t} = \mathrm{\Delta }u + |u|^{\sigma −1}u & \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N} \times (0, + \infty ), \\ u(x,0) = u_{0}(x) & \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},
\end{cases}

pour fonctions nonnégatives

u\::\mathbb{R}^{N} \times (0, + \infty )\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{ + }

.

N \geq 3

,

\sigma + 1 = 2^{ \ast } = \frac{2N}{N−2}

est la puissance critique pour l'injection de Sobolev

H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N})↪L^{2^{ \ast }}(\mathbb{R}^{N})

et

u_{0} = U

est une solution stationnaire singulière, par exemple une solution distributionelle associée à une métrique de Yamabe singulière sur

S^{N}

. Nous montrons que, si

\Sigma = \mathrm{Sing}(U)

est un ensemble fini, alors le problème (

\mathrm P

) a une solution faible qui est régulière pour temps positives. Par conséquent, solutions stationnaires singulières peuvent être instables et le problème de Cauchy (

\mathrm P

) peut avoir un nombre infini de solutions faibles. De plus, nous montrons un rèsultat similaire pour chaque solution distributionelle

U

avec ensemble singulier compact.
Essential Dynamics for Lorenz maps on the real line and the Lexicographical World
Authors: Moreira Carlos Gustavo , Labarca Rafael 
Published: January 2006

In this paper we describe some topological and geometric properties of the set of sequences

\mathrm{LW} = \{(a,b)\in \Sigma _{0} \times \Sigma _{1};\:a \leq \sigma ^{n}(a) \leq b,\:a \leq \sigma ^{n}(b) \leq b,\:\forall n\in \mathbb{N}\}

, which essentially represents all the allowed dynamics for piecewise continuous increasing maps with one discontinuity. In particular, we describe the first main bifurcations in

LW

which generate non-trivial dynamics, and we study (fractal) geometric properties of

LW

and of the phase spaces

\Sigma _{a,b}

associated to it.

Résumé

Dans ce travail nous décrivons quelques proprietés topologiques et géometriques de l'ensemble de suites

\mathrm{LW} = \{(a,b)\in \Sigma _{0} \times \Sigma _{1};\:a \leq \sigma ^{n}(a) \leq b,\:a \leq \sigma ^{n}(b) \leq b,\:\forall n\in \mathbb{N}\}

, que répresentent essentiellement toutes les dynamiques permises pour des fonctions continues et croissantes par morceaux avec un point de discontinuité. En particulier, on décrit les premières bifurcations dans

LW

qui produisent des dynamiques non-triviales et nous étudions des proprietés géometriques (fractales) de

LW

et des espaces de phase

\Sigma _{a,b}

associés.
The relationship between activity and pain in patients 6 months after lumbar disc surgery: Do pain‐related coping modes act as moderator variables?
Authors: Hasenbring Monika Ilona , Plaas Heike , Fischbein Benjamin , Willburger Roland 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground In LBP patients, the relationship between pain and physical activity remains unclear. Whereas a negative relationship between pain and self‐reported physical activity was found, this relation disappeared in the case of overt behavioral data (e.g., accelerometer). Cognitive‐behavioral models of the development of chronic pain suggest subgroups with signs of physical underuse and overuse.Aims To examine if patients with pain‐related adaptive, endurance and fear‐avoidance coping differ in pain, self‐reported physical function and overt physical activity 6 months after disc surgery.Methods 24 patients completed questionnaires (Von Korff chronic pain grade (CPG), Kiel pain inventory (KPI), Funktionsfragebogen Hannover‐Rücken FFbH‐R) and underwent an 8‐h accelerometer assessment in their daily life (physical activity level (PAL), number of constant postures (CP)). The KPI differed between adaptive coping (AC) (N = 9), fear avoidance coping (FAC) (N = 1) and endurance coping (EC) (N = 14).Results In the whole group, pain intensity was negative related to self‐reported physical activity whereas PAL and CP displayed no correlation with pain. EC patients showed significantly higher pain scores and lower self‐reported physical functioning compared to AC but the same level of PAL and furthermore, a significantly higher number of CPs in daily life. The visual inspection of the FAC patient revealed also high pain, low physical functioning and low overt physical activity.Conclusions The assessment of pain‐related coping modes yielded an important differentiation between subgroups of LBP patients 6 months after surgery. Endurance copers displayed signs of overuse in their daily behavior in spite of pain than adaptive copers. The one fear avoidance coper tends to do less physical activity in the sense of underuse.