bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicollinear singularities in celestial CFT
Authors: Ball Adam , Hu Yangrui , Pasterski Sabrina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the holomorphic multicollinear limit of (celestial) amplitudes and use it to further investigate the double residue condition for (hard celestial) amplitudes and the celestial operator product expansion. We first set up the notion of holomorphic multicollinear limits of amplitudes and derive the 3-collinear splitting functions for Yang-Mills theory, Einstein gravity, and massless ϕ3 theory. In particular, we find that in ϕ3 theory the celestial 3-OPE contains a term with a branch cut. This explicit example confirms that branch cuts can obstruct the double residue condition for hard celestial amplitudes, which is the underlying cause of the celestial Jacobi identities not holding for certain theories. This addresses an ongoing debate in the literature about associativity of the celestial OPEs and concretely demonstrates a new (multi-particle) term in the celestial OPE coming from the multi-particle channel in the amplitudes.
Constrained spin systems and KNdS black holes
Authors: Chakrabhavi Vivek , Etheredge Muldrow , Qiu Yue , Traschen Jennie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Kerr-Newman de Sitter (KNdS) spacetimes have a rich thermodynamic structure that involves multiple horizons, and so differs in key respects from asymptotically flat or AdS black holes. In this paper, we show that certain features of KNdS spacetimes can be reproduced by a constrained system of N non-interacting spins in a magnetic field. Both the KNdS and spin systems have bounded energy and entropy, a maximum of the entropy in the interior of the energy range, and a symmetry that maps lower energy states to higher energy states with the same entropy. Consequently, both systems have a temperature that can be positive or negative, where the gravitational temperature is defined analogously to that of the spins. We find that the number of spins N corresponds to 1/Λ for black holes with very small charge q and rotation parameter a, and scales like $$ \sqrt{\left({a}^2+{q}^2\right)/\Lambda} $$

a
2

+

q
2

/
Λ

for larger values of a and q. These comparisons show that certain key features of the complex thermodynamics of KNdS spacetimes are reproduced by a simple system of noninteracting spins, suggesting that there may be a relatively simple effective description of quantum de Sitter black holes in terms of a finite dimensional Hilbert space.
Imaging risk factors for predicting postoperative complications of intramedullary nailing for tibial fracture
Authors: He Miao , Zhang Xiaoxing , Cheng Tianjun , Hu Jianhua , Li Jie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze the ratio of fracture site diameter to tibial isthmus diameter (TFI ratio) as a predictor of postoperative complications, including malunion and delayed union, after tibial intramedullary nailing for middle and lower tibial fractures.

Methods
Data were collected from all adult patients older than 20 years of age who underwent tibial intramedullary nailing for middle and lower tibial fractures between January 2015 and January 2023 and were followed up for at least 1 year. Diabetes history, smoking history, fracture type, injury mechanism, surgical method, surgical approach, diameter of the medullary cavity at the fracture site, and diameter of the tibial isthmus were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the variables affecting the occurrence of complications. The TFI ratio was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters, and ROC curves were generated to establish TFI ratio thresholds for predicting complications.

Results
A total of 123 patients with middle and lower tibial fractures were treated with intramedullary nails. The mean age of the patients was 43.72 years (range, 21–81 years); 89 were males, and 34 were females. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that fracture type, open reduction surgery, superior patellar approach, and TFI ratio were significantly correlated with postoperative complications after intramedullary nailing of a tibial fracture. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TFI ratio was an independent risk factor for complications (P = 0.001*). By using the TFI ratio as a predictor of complications, an ROC curve was generated to establish a threshold. The ROC curve showed that a TFI ratio ≥ 1.31 had a sensitivity of 0.89, a specificity of 0.71, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 for predicting complications.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that a wider intramedullary diameter and a shorter fixed length at the fracture site are associated with a higher incidence of complications after tibial intramedullary nailing. The TFI ratio may be used as a reliable parameter for predicting complications after such surgery. In patients with a high TFI ratio (≥ 1.31), additional reduction and fixation techniques may be needed to obtain and maintain fracture reduction.
Entwicklung und Bedeutung der programmierten Ventrikelstimulation bei der koronaren Herzerkrankung und dilatativen Kardiomyopathie
Authors: Gonska Bernd-Dieter 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie programmierte Ventrikelstimulation (PVS) wurde in den 80er-Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts in die Klinik eingeführt. Ziel ist es, die elektrische Vulnerabilität des Ventrikelmyokards zu prüfen und unabhängig von der Spontanvariabilität ventrikulärer Arrhythmien diese unter kontrollierten Bedingungen auszulösen. Als spezifisch gilt die Induzierbarkeit einer monomorphen anhaltenden ventrikulären Tachykardie (VT). Das Stimulationsergebnis wird jedoch durch die Art der kardialen Erkrankung eingeschränkt – nichtischämische Erkrankungen haben eine geringe Induzierbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit − und die Therapiekontrolle einer pharmakologischen antiarrhythmischen Therapie ist unzuverlässig. Eine prognostische Aussage hinsichtlich des Risikos eines plötzlichen Herztodes ist unsicher. Der heutige Einsatz besteht in der Kontrolle nach einer VT-Katheterablation und vorher nachgewiesener VT-Induzierbarkeit.
ChatGPT in surgery: a revolutionary innovation?
Authors: Bektaş Mustafa , Pereira Jaime Ken , Daams Freek , van der Peet Donald L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChatGPT has brought about a new era of digital health, as this model has become prominent and been rapidly developing since its release. ChatGPT may be able to facilitate improvements in surgery as well; however, the influence of ChatGPT on surgery is largely unknown at present. Therefore, the present study reports on the current applications of ChatGPT in the field of surgery, evaluating its workflow, practical implementations, limitations, and future perspectives. A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases. The initial search was performed from its inception until July 2023. This study revealed that ChatGPT has promising capabilities in areas of surgical research, education, training, and practice. In daily practice, surgeons and surgical residents can be aided in performing logistics and administrative tasks, and patients can be more efficiently informed about the details of their condition. However, priority should be given to establishing proper policies and protocols to ensure the safe and reliable use of this model.
Evaluation of highly adsorptive Guefoams (multifunctional guest-containing foams) as a potential sorbent for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means of thermal desorption
Authors: Sánchez Raquel , Sanahuja Ana Beltrán , Lauría Lucila Paola Maiorano , Todolí José Luis , Jordá José Miguel Molina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present work delves into the feasibility of employing a novel structured sorbent referred to as GFAD (Guefoam Adsorption Device) for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in liquid samples. The chosen method has been static headspace sorptive extraction-thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HSSE-TD-GC–MS). The GFAD comprises an aluminum cellular material with a distinct replication structure and a solid guest phase consisting of activated carbon particles dispersed within the cavities of the cellular aluminum. The extensive specific surface area, robustness, and exceptional thermal conductivity of this pioneering material offer distinct advantages over commercially available polydimethylsiloxane-based Twister® devices. Therefore, the trapping efficiency for volatile organic compounds is enhanced, and it is possible to perform the analysis of concentrated samples. According to computational simulations, it has been demonstrated that GFAD has a high heat conductivity. As a result, the desorption efficiency is improved, and minimal temperature gradients are generated throughout the GFAD during the heating process. Besides, the energy consumption is significantly lowered, thus aligning with environmentally conscientious and sustainable analytical practices.The experimental results give a proof of the suitability of the GFAD for determining gaseous compounds in liquid samples through HSSE-TD-GC–MS. For volatile species, the new material provides higher peak areas and lower limits of detection than a commercially available Twister® device. Furthermore, the GFAD is reusable, its adsorbing properties remaining unchanged during, at least, 100 consecutive analyses. In addition, unlike to the Twister®, no intense siloxane peaks are observed in the chromatograms obtained with the GFAD. The feasibility of qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis with the new accessory has been demonstrated with both standards and a cereal bioethanol real sample.
Graphical abstract
Design of resilient and viable sourcing strategies in intertwined circular supply networks
Authors: Echefaj Khadija , Charkaoui Abdelkabir , Cherrafi Anass , Ivanov Dmitry 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of intertwining and circularity on the design of resilient and viable sourcing and recovery strategies in supply chains. We first construct a case study where the supply chains of three industries (i.e., automotive, healthcare, and electronics) frame an intertwined supply network (ISN). Through a discrete-event simulation model developed in anyLogistix, we examine the impact of disruptions in supply and demand on the performance of individual supply chains and the ISN as a whole. We test the performance of several sourcing strategies and their combinations. A special focus is directed toward shared reverse flows. The results show that disruption impact and recovery processes in the Circular ISN do not always follow conventional patterns known from the resilience of individual supply chains due to intertwining and circularity effects. We offer some managerial recommendations for the design of resilient sourcing strategies in the ISN context that are triangulated around collaborative sourcing practices, coordinated production planning, shared reverse flows, and visibility in inventory management.
Differentiation of benign and metastatic lymph nodes in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Burkhard-Meier Anton , Jurinovic Vindi , Berclaz Luc M. , Albertsmeier Markus , Dürr Hans Roland , Klein Alexander , Knösel Thomas , Di Gioia Dorit , Unterrainer Lena M. , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Ricke Jens , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Lindner Lars H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLymph node metastasis (LNM) occurs in less than 5% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients and indicates an aggressive course of disease. Suspicious lymph nodes (LN) in staging imaging are a frequent topic of discussion in multidisciplinary tumor boards. Predictive markers are needed to facilitate stratification and improve treatment of STS patients. In this study, 56 STS patients with radiologically suspicious and subsequently histologically examined LN were reviewed. Patients with benign (n = 26) and metastatic (n = 30) LN were analyzed with regard to clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters. Patients with LNM exhibited significantly larger short axis diameter (SAD) and long axis diameter (LAD) vs. patients with benign LN (median 22.5 vs. 14 mm, p < 0.001 and median 29.5 vs. 21 mm, p = 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, the presence of central necrosis and high maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in FDG-PET-CT scans were significantly associated with LNM (60 vs. 11.5% of patients, p < 0.001 and median 8.59 vs. 3.96, p = 0.013, respectively). With systemic therapy, a slight median size regression over time was observed in both metastatic and benign LN. Serum LDH and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with LNM (median 247 vs. 187.5U/L, p = 0.005 and 1.5 vs. 0.55 mg/dL, p = 0.039, respectively). This study shows significant associations between LNM and imaging features as well as laboratory parameters of STS patients. The largest SAD, SUVmax in FDG-PET-CT scan, the presence of central necrosis, and high serum LDH level are the most important parameters to distinguish benign from metastatic LNs.
Using the global randomization test as a Mendelian randomization falsification test for the exclusion restriction assumption
Authors: Millard Louise A. C. , Davey Smith George , Tilling Kate 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMendelian randomization may give biased causal estimates if the instrument affects the outcome not solely via the exposure of interest (violating the exclusion restriction assumption). We demonstrate use of a global randomization test as a falsification test for the exclusion restriction assumption. Using simulations, we explored the statistical power of the randomization test to detect an association between a genetic instrument and a covariate set due to (a) selection bias or (b) horizontal pleiotropy, compared to three approaches examining associations with individual covariates: (i) Bonferroni correction for the number of covariates, (ii) correction for the effective number of independent covariates, and (iii) an r2 permutation-based approach. We conducted proof-of-principle analyses in UK Biobank, using CRP as the exposure and coronary heart disease (CHD) as the outcome. In simulations, power of the randomization test was higher than the other approaches for detecting selection bias when the correlation between the covariates was low (r2 < 0.1), and at least as powerful as the other approaches across all simulated horizontal pleiotropy scenarios. In our applied example, we found strong evidence of selection bias using all approaches (e.g., global randomization test p < 0.002). We identified 51 of the 58 CRP genetic variants as horizontally pleiotropic, and estimated effects of CRP on CHD attenuated somewhat to the null when excluding these from the genetic risk score (OR = 0.96 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.00] versus 0.97 [95% CI: 0.90, 1.05] per 1-unit higher log CRP levels). The global randomization test can be a useful addition to the MR researcher’s toolkit.
Firebrands Generated During WUI Fires: A Novel Framework for 3D Morphology Characterization
Authors: Bouvet Nicolas , Kim Minhyeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe goal of the present work is to establish a framework for firebrand morphology characterization. Central to this framework is the development of a simple firebrand shape classification model using multi-dimensional particle shape descriptors. This classification model is built upon a series of synthetically generated 3D particles whose shapes and sizes are chosen to be representative of actual firebrands typically encountered during vegetative and structural fuel burns. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to the synthetic dataset and used to structure the classification model. The model is then verified using 3D digital representations of real-world particles (firebrands collected during tree burns and unburned bark pieces from oak trees). The classification model, which will allow meaningful comparisons of firebrand morphological features by shape class, is expected to be gradually refined as more datasets are made available throughout the Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) fire research community.
Novel PANI:Borophene/Si Schottky device for the sensitive detection of illumination and NaCl salt solutions
Authors: Yıldız D. E. , Karadeniz S. , Yıldırım M. , Tasaltın N. , Gulsaran A. , Bastug Azer B. , Yavuz M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal/semiconductor structures, particularly Schottky diodes, play a crucial role in semiconductor identification and the production of electronic devices, like solar cells, photodetectors, photodiodes, and field-effect transistors (FETs). These structures are of great interest due to their ability to modify electrical and optical properties, responding to external factors such as illumination and temperature. However, despite extensive research in this field, there has been limited exploration of silicon-based metal/semiconductor structures incorporating PANI:Borophene interfacial materials. In this study, we prepared PANI:Borophene/p-Si and PANI:Borophene/n-Si structures and examined their photodiode properties using various measurements. The unoccupied trap levels (m) obtained 0.44 and 0.33 for Al/PANI:Borophene/p-Si and Au/PANI:Borophene/n-Si device, respectively. Our investigation revealed that both structures exhibited rectification behavior, with linear characteristics in the forward bias region, and deviations attributed to series resistance effects at higher voltages. Moreover, the presence of borophene in the interfacial layer led to improvements in the devices’ electrical properties. Finally, the PANI:Borophene/Si Schottky diodes was tested for salt detection and the Al/PANI:Borophene/p-Si diode has the characteristics of salt (NaCl) concentration detection sensor and it successfully detected salt concentration changes with respect to current flow.
Why Do Voters Prefer Local Candidates? Evidence from a Danish Conjoint Survey Experiment
Authors: Nyholt Niels 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolitical candidates enjoy a well-documented electoral advantage near their place of residence. But knowing that voters prefer candidates who live nearby does not explain why this is the case. What inferences do voters make about local candidates that make them so universally attractive? In this study, I distinguish two well-established theoretical explanations in a conjoint experiment conducted in Denmark. Do people prefer local candidates because of in-group favoritism, or do voters prefer local candidates because they expect them to favor their local area once in office? By independently varying signals of candidates’ (1) behavioral localism and (2) symbolic localism, I estimate the importance of each for voters’ preferences for local candidates. I find that voters’ preference for candidates who live nearby is driven in part by a preference for candidates who spend most of their time looking out for voters’ local interests. While I also find that voters prefer candidates who signal their commitment to the local in-group, these preferences appear to be unrelated to voters’ preference for candidates who live locally. Thus, I find that voters seem to prefer local candidates because of their behavioral localism, while I find no evidence that voters prefer local candidates because of their symbolic localism.
Patterns of dissertation dissemination: publication-based outcomes of doctoral theses in the social sciences
Authors: Asanov Anastasiya-Mariya , Asanov Igor , Buenstorf Guido , Kadriu Valon , Schoch Pia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDissemination of knowledge through the publication of findings is a cornerstone of the academic research system. Doctoral dissertations document the findings made by early-stage researchers during their doctoral studies. However, prior research suggests that dissertations may not be effective in disseminating these findings to the broader community of researchers. We study how knowledge documented in doctoral dissertations is disseminated. Specifically, we investigate which dissertation characteristics and institutional factors are related to the number of journal publications based on these dissertations and the number of citations that these publications receive. Our analysis uses a random sample of doctoral dissertations from German universities in economics, political science, and sociology. We find that “cumulative” dissertations—dissertations consisting of a number of separate articles—are turned into three times more publications which receive three times more citations than monographic dissertations. We also find explorative evidence that dissertations written in English and empirical dissertations have higher publication-based outcomes. We conclude that a policy allowing doctoral candidates to write their dissertations in a cumulative format provides them with an opportunity to share the results of their research through publications in peer-reviewed journals.
On the nature and organisation of morphological categories: verbal aspect through the lens of associative learning
Authors: Divjak Dagmar , Testini Irene , Milin Petar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe process by which awareness and/or knowledge of linguistic categories arises from exposure to patterns in data alone, known as emergence, is the corner stone of usage-based approaches to language. The present paper zooms in on the types of patterns that language users may detect in the input to determine the content, and hence the nature, of the hypothesised morphological category of aspect.The large-scale corpus and computational studies we present focus on the morphological encoding of temporal information as exemplified by aspect (imperfective/perfective) in Polish. Aspect is so heavily grammaticalized that it is marked on every verb form, yielding the practice of positing infinitival verb pairs (‘do’ = ‘robićimpf/zrobićpf’) to represent a complete aspectual paradigm. As has been shown for nominal declension, however, aspectual usage appears uneven, with 90% of verbs strongly preferring one aspect over the other. This makes the theoretical aspectual paradigm in practice very gappy, triggering an acute sense of partialness in usage. Operationalising emergence as learnability, we simulate learning to use aspect from exposure with a computational implementation of the Rescorla-Wager rule of associative learning. We find that paradigmatic gappiness in usage does not diminish learnability; to the contrary, a very high prediction accuracy is achieved using as cues only the verb and its tense; contextual information does not further improve performance. Aspect emerges as a strongly lexical phenomenon. Hence, the question of cognitive reality of aspectual categories, as an example of morphological categories in general, should be reformulated to ask which continuous cues must be learned to enable categorisation of aspectual outcomes. We discuss how the gappiness of the paradigm plays a crucial role in this process, and how an iteratively learned, continuously developing association presents a possible mechanism by which language users process their experience of cue-outcome co-occurrences and learn to use morphological forms, without the need for abstractions.