bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual complication of cochlear implant: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Di Girolamo Stefano , Fetoni Anna Rita , Di Nardo Walter , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree days after the initial fitting of the cochlear device a 40-year-old woman complained of severe rotational vertigo following head movements associated with neurovegetative symptoms. Otoneurological evaluation revealed a horizontal paroxysmal positional nystagmus beating towards the lowermost ear, induced by rolling the patient's head from supine both to the right or to the left lateral position suggesting the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the left horizontal semicircular canal. The nystagmus characteristics were the same whether the cochlear device was switched on or off. The hypothesis of an otolith dislodging due to the electrical stimulation during the initial fitting is discussed.
Primary brain stem tethering: a rare cause of geniculate neuralgia
Authors: Buyse Geert G. , Caekebeke Jo , Demaerel Philippe , Plets Chris 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis rare case of brain stem tethering presented with chronic and progressive geniculate neuralgia. In view of the fact that an occipital subcutaneous lipoma had been resected in childhood, it probably concerned a primary tethering, fitting in with an occult occipital dysraphism.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly demonstrated an underlying tethering, causing a distortion of the brain stem. Consequently, this led to the hypothesis that the geniculate neuralgia could be explained by traction on the lower cranial nerves secondary to the brain stem displacement. Untethering resulted in a considerable decrease of the neuralgia.MRI proved to be essential in the diagnosis and treatment of this unusual case.
Laryngeal involvement by cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: Banerjee A. , Mclellan D. R. , Bingham B. J. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLaryngeal involvement by cutaneous lymphoma is rare; it may be isolated or part of systemic spread. We report a case of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with isolated extracutaneous spread to the larynx, confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction in addition to histology. Awareness of this association may allow early recognition of symptoms heralding laryngeal embarrassment.
Surviving cochlear function in the presence of auditory nerve agenesis
Authors: O'Leary S. J. , Gibson W. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis case reports electrophysiological evidence for cochlear function in a child with radiological evidence of bilateral auditory nerve agenesis or severe hypoplasia. The diagnosis of auditory nerve agenesis was supported by a bilateral atresia of internal auditory canals on computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) absent auditory brainstem responses and absent behavioural responses to sound. Despite the apparent absence of an auditory nerve or spiral ganglion, electrocochleography revealed surviving cochlear function at 70–80 db HL and an abnormal electrocochleographic waveform. This case demonstrates that cochlear function may develop without afferent, or efferent innervation. It also emphasizes that cochlear function may occur in the presence of profound deafness.
Radiological appearance of primary branchial cleft cyst carcinoma
Authors: Hong Ki Hwan , Moon Woo Sung , Chung Gyung Ho 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe hypothesis that primary branchiogenic carcinoma originates from a branchial cleft cyst is controversial. Many reports regarding primary branchiogenic carcinoma failed to provide sufficient evidence to distinguish it from metastatic cervical lymph nodes arising from previously unrecognized primary tumours. The radiological appearance of malignant transformation from a branchial cleft cyst has not been reported previously in the English literature. A radiological study is presented that confirms the primary branchiogenic carcinoma. The management in suspected cases would be wide surgical excision of the tumour including ipsilateral radical neck dissection followed by radiation therapy.
Outcomes from adult implantation, the first 100 patients
Authors: Proops D. W. , Donaldson I. , Cooper H. R. , Thomas J. , Burrell S. P. , Stoddart R. L. , Moore A. , Cheshire I. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present the outcome of implantation in the first 100 adult patients treated under the Midland Cochlear Implant Programme. All patients were post-lingually deaf with profound or total hearing loss. Performance was tested in lip-reading, implant only and combined lip-reading and implant modes using BKB sentences, connected discourse tracking (CDT) and environmental sound recognition. Assessments were made at nine and 18 months post-implant.The dominant aetiologies were idiopathic and meningitis. Meningitis was associated with the greatest numbers of ossified cochleas. Forty-three per cent of cases of partial ossification were identified only at surgery. Four per cent of patients became non-users of their devices, however the majority used their implants for more than 12 hours each day. The mean scores at nine months post-implant, in the implant only mode, were for environmental sound recognition 56.7 per cent, for BKB sentences 46.6 per cent (80 per cent of patients scored above 0 per cent) and for CDT 31.2 words per minute (w.p.m.) (62 per cent scored above zero per cent). In the combined lip reading and implant mode the mean scores, at nine months, were for BKB sentences 81.5 per cent and for CDT 65.8 w.p.m. All results were sustained at 18 months.Patients reported that implantation significantly reduced their hearing handicap. Pre-operative measures of depression were also significantly reduced at nine months post-implant. Results were sustained at 18 months.Post-operative audiological outcomes in the electrical stimulation only mode correlated significantly with length of profound deafness. Results suggest that performance outcome is also related to the number of active electrodes.
The unsafeness of ‘safe’ ears
Authors: Browning G. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractActive chronic otitis media affects 0.5 per cent of adults and has two main variants. The first is when there is a squamous epithelial retraction pocket or cholesteatoma. The second variant is when the disease is primarily of the mucosa of the middle ear and mastoid air-cell system. Classically a cholesteatoma is considered ‘unsafe’ because of the risk of complications, particularly intracranial infectioa Mucosal disease, on the other hand, is considered ‘safe’ because complications are thought to be rare. Surgery in the form of a modified radical mastoidectomy is considered to make active chronic otitis media ‘safe’.A retrospective review of 26 consecutive brain abscesses considered secondary to active chronic otitis media revealed that a cholesteatoma was present in 12 (46 per cent), mucosal disease in 10 (38 per cent) and a modified radical mastoidectomy had been performed in four (15 per cent). Mucosal disease and a modified radical mastoidectomy should no longer be considered ‘safe’. However, the risk of developing an intracranial abscess from any type of active chronic otitis media is low, in the region of one in 3,500.
Clinical assessment of the irradiated larynx
Authors: Flood L. M. , Brightwell A. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFollowing radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the larynx, it may be impossible to differentiate occult persisting tumour from irradiation effects, possibly with chondroradionecrosis, even after repeated biopsy. In seven of the cases presented, post-treatment laryngectomy failed to provide histological evidence of residual or recurrent carcinoma, which clinical examination has indicated. None-theless, total laryngectomy was performed, subsequently revealing tumour in five of the seven excised larynges. The two tumour-free larynges were associated with cervical metastases. The clinical indications of persisting tumour, the factors compromising post-irradiation evaluation and the role of diagnostic aids are discussed.
Topographic anatomy of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Kambič V. , Žargi M. , Radšel Zora 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe authors have studied the anatomy of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in its entirety on 40 fresh cadavers, and they have drawn the following conclusions: the nerve ramifies from the vagus immediately below the nodose ganglion or in the ganglion itself. The nerve splits into two branches approximately 1.5 cm below the ganglion nodosum. In four cases, both branches originated from the vagus itself. In one case, anastomosis of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve with the recurrent nerve was found. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is not usually severed at supraglottic laryngectomy but the nerve is at risk during neck dissections, resection of Zenker's diverticula and thyroidectomy. An accurate knowledge of its course should reduce the incidence of injury to the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve during surgery.
Malignant melanoma of the larynx
Authors: Hussain S. S. M. , Whitehead E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMalignant melanoma of the larynx is a rare tumour. Only 31 cases of primary laryngeal melanoma have been reported in the literature. Cadyet al., (1968) found only four cases in a group of 2,500 cases of laryngeal cancer seen over a 25-year period.A case of primary malignant melanoma of the larynx is presented along with a review of the literature. Problems associated with histological diagnosis are discussed. This patient was regarded as a poor risk for laryngectomy and appears to have control of local disease following application of Carbon dioxide laser.
Tracheal ring herniation following percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy and its resection under endoscopic control
Authors: Osborne J. E. , Osman E. Z. , Cuddihy P. , Ranta M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 76-year-old patient had an elective percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) under endoscopic control in the intensive care unit. Twelve days later when her general condition improved, two attempts at decannulation failed due to upper airway obstruction above the tracheostomy site.Bronchoscopy showed herniation of the anterior tracheal wall above the tracheostomy tube occluding 80 per cent of the lumen. The herniated anterior segment was elevated and partially resected under endoscopic guidance. The patient made a full recovery and was decannulated on the first post-operative day. Pitfalls and possible complications of PDT are discussed.
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to foreign body aspiration
Authors: Pahade A. , Green K. M. J. , de Carpentier J. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA patient who developed non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema secondary to acute airway obstruction caused by an aspirated foreign body is presented. The literature is reviewed, discussing the theories regarding the formation of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The case highlights the importance of this rare complication of foreign body aspiration and surgeons and anaesthetists should be alert to continued respiratory symptoms following relief of acute airway obstruction.
Angiomyoma of the retropharyngeal space
Authors: Fuse Takeo , Yoshida Shin , Sakakibara Akira , Motoyama Teiichi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe encountered a 59-year-old man with angiomyoma of the retropharyngeal space. He had been referred to our hospital because of a six-month history of a sensation of a narrowed pharynx. A smooth-surfaced tumour arising from the posterior wall in the hypopharynx was observed by indirect laryngoscopy. Radiographical imaging revealed a solitary tumour with homogenous contents in the retropharyngeal space. The tumour was successfully removed via a lateral pharyngotomy approach under general anaesthesia. Histopathologically, the tumour was composed of numerous veins with thick muscular walls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an angiomyoma arising in the retropharyngeal space.
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis and radiotherapy: a report of two cases
Authors: Mortimore S. , Thorp M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis are presented. Both are unusual in that they had had radiotherapy for head and neck malignancy six and 14 years previously with no evidence of tumour recurrence. One case of necrotizing fasciitis has previously been cited in the literature associated with radiotherapy (Krespiet al., 1981). The two cases are discussed along with a review of the literature.
Pulsatile tinnitus: three cases of arteriovenous fistula treated by ligation of the occipital artery
Authors: Courteney-Harris R. G. , Ford G. R. , Innes A. J. , Colin J. F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPulsatile tinnitus resulting from an abnormal communication between the occipital artery and the transverse or lateral sinus is a rare clinical entity. We report three cases which presented over a period of three years who had such abnormalities demonstrated angiographically and were cured of their symptoms by exploration and ligation of the occipital artery.
Atypical supraglottitis caused by Streptococcus sanguis
Authors: Irvine M. C. G. , Solomons N. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of atypical supraglottitis in an 11-year-old boy is presented. The epiglottis was only mildly inflamed. The organism isolated from blood culture was Streptococcus sanguis. This organism is a normal commensal of the oral cavity and has not previously been reported as a cause of supraglottitis.
Use of a metal detector in the location of a swallowed razor blade in the oesophagus
Authors: Kessler Alexander , Yellin Alon , Kessler A. , Kronenberg Jona 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case describing the use of a metal detector to locate a metallic foreign body swallowed by a prisoner. Initial work up included plain thoracic X-rays and a gastrografin swallow which were negative. A metal detector was used to confirm the presence of a metal body in the oesophagus which was verified by a barium swallow.
Malignant mesenchymoma of the larynx
Authors: Kawashima Osamu , Kamei Tamio , Shimizu Yuji , Shizuka Takao , Nakayama Morito 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA Case report of a laryngeal malignant mesenchymoma, a very rare head and neck and even rarer laryngeal leison, is reported.In this case, an 85-years-old man, who had undergone several panendoscopies and biopsies that were non-diagnostic, subsequently succumbed to pulmonary metastases and died from respiratory failure. At autospy, tumour cells were demonstrated to constiute both bone and straited muscle cell types. As the tumour cells differentiated into two types of specialized cells from one type of embryonal tissue, the diagnosis of maligant mesenchymoma was established.
Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up
Authors: Kessler R. C. , Gruber M. , Hettema J. M. , Hwang I. , Sampson N. , Yonkers K. A. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundAlthough generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) are known to be highly co-morbid, little prospective research has examined whether these two disorders predict the subsequent first onset or persistence of the other or the extent to which other predictors explain the time-lagged associations between GAD and MDE.MethodData were analyzed from the nationally representative two-wave panel sample of 5001 respondents who participated in the 1990–1992 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the 2001–2003 NCS follow-up survey. Both surveys assessed GAD and MDE. The baseline NCS also assessed three sets of risk factors that are considered here: childhood adversities, parental history of mental-substance disorders, and respondent personality.ResultsBaseline MDE significantly predicted subsequent GAD onset but not persistence. Baseline GAD significantly predicted subsequent MDE onset and persistence. The associations of each disorder with the subsequent onset of the other attenuated with time since onset of the temporally primary disorder, but remained significant for over a decade after this onset. The risk factors predicted onset more than persistence. Meaningful variation was found in the strength and consistency of associations between risk factors and the two disorders. Controls for risk factors did not substantially reduce the net cross-lagged associations of the disorders with each other.ConclusionsThe existence of differences in risk factors for GAD and MDE argues against the view that the two disorders are merely different manifestations of a single underlying internalizing syndrome or that GAD is merely a prodrome, residual, or severity marker of MDE.
The European Social Dialogue in the Shadow of Hierarchy
Authors: SMISMANS STIJN 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe European social dialogue provides for the signing of collective agreements between employers’ associations and trade unions organised at the European level. Effectiveness to a great extent depends on the shadow of hierarchy, which is cast by the threat of legislative action and by ensuring implementation of collective agreements through public intervention. The need for the shadow is illustrated by the initial priority given to statutory agreements and the problems of implementation of more recent non-statutory agreements. While the shadow of hierarchy is important to ensure the effectiveness of social dialogue, social dialogue procedures are not characterised by strong principal-agent relationships. In particular, non-statutory agreements stem from a bottom-up private sector-inspired tradition of industrial relations. Even in the case of statutory agreements, the European Commission, as principal, does not appoint the agent and the delegation is implicit rather than explicit. Moreover, successful delegation entirely depends on whether the agents reach agreement between themselves. While the Commission could revoke delegation if Community objectives are not realised and by setting statutory criteria for implementing an agreement, its room for manoeuvre is limited for reasons of political pragmatism.
An outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in a regional ophthalmology clinic in New South Wales
Authors: VINEY K. A. , KEHOE P. J. , DOYLE B. , SHEPPEARD V. , ROBERTS-WITTEVEEN A. R. , SEMIRLI H. , McPHIE K. A. , DWYER D. E. , McANULTY J. M. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYThe objective of the study was to identify the extent and cause of an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). The study design was active case finding and a case-control study of clinic patients who developed symptoms of EKC between 31 December 2005 and 31 March 2006. The main outcome measures were clinical procedures carried out and clinicians seen during clinic visit. Significantly more cases than controls had tonometry with instillation of anaesthetic drops (OR 16·5, 95% CI 3·9–145·1, P<0·01), optical coherence tomography (OR 4·7, 95% CI 1·2–21·9, P=0·01), or instillation of dilating drops by an orthoptist (OR 2·3, 95% CI 1·1–4·7, P=0·01). Significantly more cases than controls were seen by one orthoptist (OR 21·8, 95% CI 8·2–60·0, P<0·01). Transmission of EKC within the clinic was probably due to contamination of either or both the anaesthetic drops and the tonometer head in the room used by an orthoptist. A comprehensive suite of strategies is required to prevent healthcare-associated EKC.
MutaGeneSys: estimating individual disease susceptibility based on genome-wide SNP array data
Authors: Stoyanovich Julia , Pe'er Itsik 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Summary: We present MutaGeneSys: a system that uses genome-wide genotype data to estimate disease susceptibility. Our system integrates three data sources: the International HapMap project, whole-genome marker correlation data and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. It accepts SNP data of individuals as query input and delivers disease susceptibility hypotheses even if the original set of typed SNPs is incomplete. Our system is scalable and flexible: it produces population, technology and confidence-specific predictions in interactive time.
Availability: Our system is available as an online resource at http://magnet.c2b2.columbia.edu/mutagenesys/. Our findings have also been incorporated into the HapMap Genome Browser as the OMIM_Disease_Associations track.
Contact: jds1@cs.columbia.edu
The Frobenius action on local cohomology modules in mixed characteristic
Authors: Shimomoto Kazuma 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHeitmann’s proof of the direct summand conjecture has opened a new approach to the study of homological conjectures in mixed characteristic. Inspired by his work and by the methods of almost ring theory, we discuss a normalized length for certain torsion modules, which was introduced by Faltings. Using the normalized length and the Frobenius map, we prove some results of local cohomology for local rings in mixed characteristic, which has an immediate implication for the subject of splinters studied by Singh.
A Single-Loop Approach for System Reliability-Based Design
Optimization
Authors: Liang Jinghong , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Nikolaidis Efstratios 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
An efficient approach for series system reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is presented. The key idea is to apportion optimally the system reliability among the failure modes by considering the target values of the failure probabilities of the modes as design variables. Critical failure modes that contribute the most to the overall system reliability are identified. This paper proposes a computationally efficient, system RBDO approach using a single-loop method where the searches for the optimum design and for the most probable failure points proceed simultaneously. Specifically, in each iteration, the optimizer uses approximated most probable failure points from the previous iteration to search for the optimum. A second-order Ditlevsen upper bound is used for estimating the system failure probability considering the joint failure probabilities of failure modes. Also, an easy to implement active strategy set is employed to improve algorithmic stability. The approach is demonstrated on two design examples involving a beam and an internal combustion engine.