bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-stratified case-crossover studies for aggregated data in environmental epidemiology: a tutorial
Authors: Tobias Aurelio , Kim Yoonhee , Madaniyazi Lina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The case-crossover design is widely used in environmental epidemiology as an effective alternative to the conventional time-series regression design to estimate short-term associations of environmental exposures with a range of acute events. This tutorial illustrates the implementation of the time-stratified case-crossover design to study aggregated health outcomes and environmental exposures, such as particulate matter air pollution, focusing on adjusting covariates and investigating effect modification using conditional Poisson regression. Time-varying confounders can be adjusted directly in the conditional regression model accounting for the adequate lagged exposure–response function. Time-invariant covariates at the subpopulation level require reshaping the typical time-series data set into a long format and conditioning out the covariate in the expanded stratum set. When environmental exposure data are available at geographical units, the stratum set should combine time and spatial dimensions. Moreover, it is possible to examine effect modification using interaction models. The time-stratified case-crossover design offers a flexible framework to properly account for a wide range of covariates in environmental epidemiology studies.
Cooperative strategies of emission reduction in the 3PL-led supply chain
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Hui , Wang Minxue , Han Shumin , Peng Shuxia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: M. Zied Babai
The third-party logistics (3PL) industry has grown rapidly over the past few years, and its emission reduction behaviour is gaining attention. This paper considers a supply chain system composed of a manufacturer, a retailer and a 3PL provider, in which both the manufacturer and the 3PL make the low-carbon investment. 3PL is a leader in the low-carbon supply chain. To promote emission reduction in logistics, the manufacturer and the retailer separately share the logistics emission reduction costs of the 3PL. Through comparing the no-sharing, manufacturer-sharing and retailer-sharing models, we discuss the cost-sharing strategy preference of each participant and analyze the impact on environmental benefit and social welfare. The results show that cost-sharing can effectively improve product demand, which also supports society in obtaining higher benefits. Moreover, the 3PL tends to be shared by the retailer when the low-carbon investment cost of logistics is high and the investment cost of production is low. Both the manufacturer and the retailer prefer the other party to share the cost, but sharing it together can effectively alleviate free-rider behaviour.
A Decolonial Feminist Politics of Fieldwork: Centering Community, Reflexivity, and Loving Accountability
Authors: Boer Cueva Alba Rosa , Giri Keshab , Hamilton Caitlin , Shepherd Laura J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
International studies scholarship has benefitted from insights from anthropology, peace and conflict studies, geography, and other disciplines to craft a thoughtful set of reflections and considerations for researchers to take with them “into the field” when they embark on “fieldwork.” In this essay, we map out a history of critical approaches to fieldwork, starting with the encounters that initially encouraged reflection on the positionality of the researcher and the power dynamics of research. Building on decolonial feminist scholarship, we show how a commitment to reflexive practice “in the field” has developed further, through a reflection on the self as a researcher and on “the field” as a construct. This ethical and political commitment prompts a rethinking of key concepts in fieldwork (and research more generally), including those of “the researcher,” “the research participant” (or “population”), “expertise,” and what constitutes “data” and “knowledge.” We argue that a preferable approach to critical fieldwork is grounded in feminist and decolonial, anti-racist, anti-capitalist politics. This approach is committed not just to reflecting critically on “the field” and the interactions of the researcher within it but also to challenging the divisions, exclusions, and structures of oppression that sustain the separations between “here” and “there,” “researcher” and “researched,” and “knower" and “known.”
Identification and evolution of ICE-PmuST394: a novel integrative conjugative element in Pasteurella multocida ST394
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Piklu , Alhamami Tamara , Venter Henrietta , Veltman Tania , Carr Mandi , Mollinger Joanne , Trott Darren J , Djordjevic Steven P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The emergence of macrolide and tetracycline resistance within Pasteurella multocida isolated from feedlot cattle and the dominance of ST394 in Australia was reported recently.

Objectives
To establish the genetic context of the resistance genes in P. multocida 17BRD-035, the ST394 reference genome, and conduct a molecular risk assessment of their ability to disperse laterally.

Methods
A bioinformatic analysis of the P. multocida 17BRD-035 genome was conducted to determine if integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) carrying resistance genes, which hamper antibiotic treatment options locally, are in circulation in Australian feedlots.

Results
A novel element, ICE-PmuST394, was characterized in P. multocida 17BRD-035. It was also identified in three other isolates (two ST394s and a ST125) in Australia and is likely present in a genome representing P. multocida ST79 from the USA. ICE-PmuST394 houses a resistance module carrying two variants of the blaROB gene, blaROB-1 and blaROB-13, and the macrolide esterase gene, estT. The resistance gene combination on ICE-PmuST394 confers resistance to ampicillin and tilmicosin, but not to tulathromycin and tildipirosin. Our analysis suggests that ICE-PmuST394 is circulating both by clonal expansion and horizontal transfer but is currently restricted to a single feedlot in Australia.

Conclusions
ICE-PmuST394 carries a limited number of unusual antimicrobial resistance genes but has hotspots that facilitate genomic recombination. The element is therefore amenable to hosting more resistance genes, and therefore its presence (or dispersal) should be regularly monitored. The element has a unique molecular marker, which could be exploited for genomic surveillance purposes locally and globally.
It is not “just a fracture”
Authors: Cawthon Peggy M , Drake Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In their recent population–based study of nearly 100 000 patients from Ontario, Canada, who had suffered a fracture, Vincent et al. characterized postfracture survival rates. Their findings showed that overall survival was decreased particularly following fractures of the hip or vertebrae, and was worse in men and the oldest old. They found that relative survival, particularly after hip fracture, is strikingly poor with less than one-third of men and one-half of women surviving for 5 years following hip fracture, survival which was far less than that seen for patients afflicted by both prostate and breast cancers. Importantly, mortality risk increased immediately after fracture occurrence and was highest within 1 month of fracture. Collectively, their data suggest that a short, critical window may exist immediately following fracture in which application of interventions to improve survival is likely to be of greatest value. Future work is urgently needed to identify the best approaches to employ during this critical time period in order to optimize survival in patients who have suffered a fracture.
Genetic structuring of Fishers in British Columbia, Canada: implications for population conservation and management
Authors: Weir Richard D , Rankin Andrew M , Robinson Lacy , Pilgrim Kristine L , Schwartz Michael K , Lucid Michael K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the westernmost Canadian province of British Columbia, fishers (Pekania pennanti) occur in low-elevation forested ecosystems in the central and northern portions of the province, with several substantial mountain ranges and rivers bisecting this distribution. The effect of these geographic features on gene flow and population structuring is unknown and may contribute to fishers differentiating into 2 or more populations within the province. To better understand population structuring within the range of fishers in British Columbia, we collected tissue samples from 491 fishers from throughout the province and evaluated variation of neutral genetic markers using a 385-base pair section of the mitochondrial DNA control region and 13 microsatellite loci. Fishers appeared to be genetically structured as hierarchical stepping-stone populations where an upper hierarchical level of genetic partitioning resulted in 2 populations at the provincial scale, with 3 subpopulations occurring in the central interior region. We observed gene flow of 2 to 5 migrants per generation between the 2 upper populations, which was substantially less than the 90 migrants per generation estimated as needed to maintain genetic homogeneity. This resulted in differentiated upper populations (haplotype FST = 0.272, microsatellite FST = 0.049) characterized by relatively low Ne (Columbian population = 252, 95% CI = 185 to 332; Boreal population [British Columbia only] = 136, 95% CI = 92 to 234). The consequence of low gene flow and resultant population structuring is that the Columbian population likely receives relatively little genetic and demographic support from other populations and, combined with precipitous recent declines in its numbers, puts this population at heightened conservation risk. As a result, swift and effective actions are needed to conserve this vulnerable population of fishers.
Using artificial odors to optimize attractiveness of host decoy traps to malaria vectors
Authors: Akoton Romaric , Sawadogo Simon P , Tossou Eric , Nikiema Achille S , Tchigossou Genevieve , Sovegnon Pierre M , Djogbenou Luc , Zeukeng Francis , Hawkes Frances M , Dabire Rock K , Djouaka Rousseau , Gibson Gabriella 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Malaria vector surveillance tools often incorporate features of hosts that are attractive to blood-seeking females. The recently developed host decoy trap (HDT) combines visual, thermal, and olfactory stimuli associated with human hosts and has shown great efficacy in terms of collecting malaria vectors. Synthetic odors and yeast-produced carbon dioxide (CO2) could prove useful by mimicking the human odors currently used in HDTs and provide standardized and easy-to-use olfactory attractants. The objective of this study was to test the attractiveness of various olfactory attractant cues in HDTs to capture malaria vectors. We compared 4 different odor treatments in outdoor field settings in southern Benin and western Burkina Faso: the standard HDT using a human, HDT with yeast-produced CO2, HDT with an artificial odor blend, and HDT with yeast-produced CO2 plus artificial odor blend. In both experimental sites, the standard HDT that incorporated a real human produced the greatest catch of Anopheles gambiae s.l (Diptera: Culicidae). The alternatives tested were still effective at collecting target vector species, although the most effective included CO2, either alone (Benin) or in combination with synthetic odor (Burkina Faso). The trap using synthetic human odor alone caught the fewest An. gambiae s.l. compared to the other baited traps. Both Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae were caught by each trap, with a predominance of An. coluzzii. Synthetic baits could, therefore, represent a more standardized and easier-to-deploy approach than using real human odor baits for a robust vector monitoring strategy.
Song, Dance, and Sex: The Social Role of the Carole in Thirteenth-Century Clerical Thought and Vernacular Literature
Authors: Thomson Matthew P 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In the thirteenth century, the carole dance and its refrain songs simultaneously delighted the characters of vernacular French literature, troubled the morals of clerics, and engaged the analytical powers of music theorists. Revising existing scholarship that stresses the differences between these three accounts, this article demonstrates their interlinked uses of caroles to explore musical and sexual ethics. First, clerical authors employed caroles as microcosms of their wider attempts to control sexual and musical behaviour, as expressed both in marriage reforms and a broad range of music-theoretical, confessional, and homiletic texts. Second, the ethical associations that clerics established for caroles allowed vernacular literary authors like Jean Renart and Gerbert de Montreuil to use these dances to undercut and satirize clerical attempts at social control. Finally, these ethical discourses enabled music theorists to produce layered analyses of the social role of caroles, as in this article’s closing rereading of Johannes de Grocheio.
Can astronomical observations be used to constrain crucial chemical reactions? The methoxy case. SOLIS XVIII
Authors: Balucani Nadia , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Vazart Fanny , Dulieu Francois , Skouteris Dimitrios , Rosi Marzio , Pirani Fernando , Bianchi Eleonora , Caselli Paola , Codella Claudio 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
To understand the origin of interstellar molecules we rely on astrochemical models, the gas-phase networks of which contain ≥7000 reactions. However, just a tiny fraction of them have parameters derived in laboratory experiments. Theoretical quantum mechanical (QM) calculations can also provide this information. Unfortunately, sometimes theoretical predictions and experimental values disagree, as is the case for the paradigmatic reaction CH3OH + OH → CH3O + H2O. Both laboratory experiments and QM calculations found an unexpected increase in the rate coefficients with decreasing temperature. However, experimental and theoretical estimates of the rate coefficients diverge by up to two orders of magnitude at the low temperatures of interest in interstellar chemistry. This work aims to test whether astronomical observations can help untangle this confusing situation. To this end, we first carried out new QM calculations to derive the rate coefficients of the major destruction reaction of the methoxy radical, CH3O + H, and then we compared astronomical observations from the IRAM/NOEMA Large Programme SOLIS with astrochemical model predictions. Our new rate coefficient for the CH3O + H reaction is 5–10 times larger than that in the astrochemical data base KIDA in the 10–100 K range. When including the new methoxy destruction rate coefficients, the comparison between observations and model predictions favours the rate coefficients of the CH3OH + OH reaction from QM calculations. We conclude that QM calculations are an important alternative to laboratory experiments when it comes to the harsh conditions of interstellar objects and that astronomical observations can be used to constraint the rate coefficients of relevant reactions.
Cosmological evolution of metallicity correlation functions from the Auriga simulations
Authors: Li Zefeng , Grand Robert J J , Wisnioski Emily , Mendel J Trevor , Krumholz Mark R , Ting Yuan-Sen , Pakmor Ruediger , Gómez Facundo A , Marinacci Federico , Ciucă Ioana 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the cosmological evolution of the two-point correlation functions of galactic gas-phase metal distributions using the 28 simulated galaxies from the Auriga Project. Using mock observations of the z = 0 snapshots to mimic our past work, we show that the correlation functions of the simulated mock observations are well matched to the correlation functions measured from local galaxy surveys. This comparison suggests that the simulations capture the processes important for determining metal correlation lengths, the key parameter in metallicity correlation functions. We investigate the evolution of metallicity correlations over cosmic time using the true simulation data, showing that individual galaxies undergo no significant systematic evolution in their metal correlation functions from z ∼ 3 to today. In addition, the fluctuations in metal correlation length are correlated with but lag ahead fluctuations in star formation rate. This suggests that re-arrangement of metals within galaxies occurs at a higher cadence than star formation activity, and is more sensitive to the changes of environment, such as galaxy mergers, gas inflows/outflows, and fly-bys.
Three Reconstructions of ‘Effectiveness’: Some Implications for State Continuity and Sea-level Rise
Authors: Green Alex 
Published: February 2024

Abstract—
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are uniquely threatened by rising sea levels. Not only does the retreat of their coastlines place them in danger of losing maritime territory; the concurrent possibility of their landmasses becoming either uninhabitable or completely submerged also threatens their very existence. According to one understanding of the law that governs the continuity and extinction of states, political communities that permanently lose ‘effectiveness’—typically understood as sufficient governmental control of a relatively determinate territory with a permanent population—must lose their statehood as well. In this article, I provide three reconstructions of effectiveness, each of which rests upon a different normative rationale. My contention is that, regardless of which reconstruction one adopts, the continuity of submerged SIDS is eminently supportable, notwithstanding the arguments frequently made in favour of their formal extinction.
How motivation and perceived organizational support influence the work engagement of police volunteers in Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Phaik Kin , Suppiah Suresh , Unnithan N Prabha , Moses Priscilla , Tey Tiny Chiu Yuen , Greenwood Ian D , Tan Jian Heng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of individual motivation and perceived organizational support on the work engagement of police volunteers in Malaysia. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, 390 completed questionnaires were collected through purposive sampling. Structural equation modeling was employed for hypothesis testing. The study found that both motivation and perceived organizational support significantly influence work engagement. Additionally, a path was identified linking motivation to perceived organizational support. This research is among the first to explore these relationships in the context of volunteer police work in Malaysia. It is limited to one police organization in one Malaysian state, warranting further validation in other law enforcement settings. The findings offer actionable insights to improve organizational support and motivation, aiming to enhance volunteer engagement. Given the growing trend of police volunteerism globally, this study holds relevance for law enforcement agencies utilizing volunteer personnel.
Does the level and type of femur fracture determine intra-medullary peak pressures during reamed femoral nailing? A Prospective study
Authors: Kotze J , McCollum G , Breedt C , Kruger N 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Investigation of femoral intra-medullary pressures during reamed antegrade nailing and to determine whether fracture level and/or complexity affect peak pressures

METHODS:

Design: Prospective, non-randomized observational cohort

Setting:
Single level I trauma centre

Patient selection criteria:
Included were patients presenting with femur fractures (OTA/AO 31A3; 32A; 32B; 32C; 33A2; 33A3), requiring antegrade intra-medullary nail fixation. Excluded were minors and patients presenting with haemodynamic instability; a reduced level of consciousness and intoxication. Femurs were divided into thirds based on pre-operative radiological measurements and allocated to 3 groups based on fracture location: Proximal (A), middle (B) and distal (C) third femur fractures. Fracture complexity was also documented.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Peak intra-medullary pressures of proximal, middle and distal third femoral fractures were compared during antegrade femoral IM nail fixation.

RESULTS:
Twenty-two fractures in twenty-one patients were enrolled and treated over a 4-month period with a distribution of fracture locations of Group A = 12; Group B = 6 and Group C = 4.
Measured mean resting distal IM pressures were significantly higher [p < 0.05] in proximal fractures (Group A: 52.5 mmHg) than in middle and distal third fractures (Group B: 36.6 mmHg and Group C: 27.5 mmHg).
Greatest peak pressures were generated during the first ream in groups A and B, occurring distal to the fracture in all cases. Group A averaged 363.8 mmHg (300-420); Group B 174.2 mmHg (160-200) and Group C 98.8 mmHg (90-100). There was a significant difference comparing group A with B and C combined [p <0.01] as well as group A with B [p <0.05] and C [p <0.05] individually.
Group A consisted of 6 comminuted and 6 simple fracture configurations. Mean peak pressures in these subgroups differed significantly: 329mmHg (300-370) vs 398mmHg (370-430) respectively [p <0.05]. Complex fractures in study groups B and C did not have significantly different peak pressures compared to simple fractures [p >0.05].

CONCLUSIONS:
Both the fracture location and comminution affect peak intra-medullary pressures during reamed antegrade femoral nailing. Proximal, simple fracture configurations resulted in significantly higher pressures when compared to more distal and comminuted fracture configurations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.