bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure and reliable broadcasting in wireless sensor networks using multi‐parent trees
Authors: Srinivasan Avinash , Wu Jie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been the focal point of research over the last several years. Broadcast communication is a key requirement for WSNs since many tasks in the network depend on broadcasting, including critical tasks like querying. Consequently, securing broadcast communication over sensor networks has become an important research challenge. Typically, broadcast communication involves two steps: broadcasting and acknowledging. In the broadcasting phase, the message is broadcast in the network. In the acknowledging phase, nodes that successfully received the broadcast message send an acknowledgment to the broadcast origination node, which in this paper is always the sink. The terms ‘sink’ and ‘base station (BS)’ are used interchangeably throughout this paper. Intuitively, broadcast communication has two important metrics: reliability and security. Though the reliability metric has drawn sufficient attention in the research community, the security metric has not. In this paper, we address both metrics with an emphasis on the former and address the Denial‐of‐Broadcast Message attacks (DoBM) in sensor networks. We propose a novel multi‐parent tree‐based model called the k‐Parent Flooding Tree Model (k‐FTM). We also present distributed algorithms for the construction of k‐FTM and prove via simulation and analysis that the proposed k‐FTM is robust against DoBM. Our Multi‐Parent tree model enables the BS to detect DoBM very efficiently, even in the presence of a prudent adversary who focuses on remaining undetected by causing damage below the detection threshold. k‐FTM is, to our best knowledge, the first fault‐tolerant tree model that is both reliable and secure. Through simulations we confirm that our model achieves detection rates close to that of a static tree and a broadcast reliability close to that of blind flooding. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐Effectiveness of a District Trauma Hospital in Battambang, Cambodia
Authors: Gosselin Richard A. , Heitto Merja 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe Emergency Hospital in Battambang, Cambodia, is essentially a surgical center for victims of injuries.
MethodsUsing methods previously described, operating costs were calculated, and effectiveness of treatment was estimated for 957 patients undergoing 895 surgical procedures over a 3 month period (October–December 2006).ResultsResults of the cost‐effectiveness analysis are compared to the few existing ones in the literature.ConclusionAt $77.4 per DALY averted, surgery for trauma in such a context is deemed very cost‐effective and compares favorably to other non‐surgical public health interventions.
Benefits of Liver Transplantation Surgical Techniques in the Management of Extensive Retroperitoneal Tumors
Authors: Facciuto Marcelo E. , Singh Manoj K. , Rocca Juan P. , Rochon Caroline , Rodriguez Davalos Manuel I. , Eshghi Majid , Schwalb David M. , Choudhury Muhammad , Sheiner Patricia A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe potential for massive hemorrhage imposes additional challenge in the management of retroperitoneal tumors. This report details technical considerations for the management of upper retroperitoneal tumors using principles of liver transplantation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgery for extensive retroperitoneal tumors using techniques for liver transplantation from December 2002 to November 2007 was done.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (14 males and 10 females with a mean age 57 years) underwent major retroperitoneal surgery. Renal cell carcinoma was the most common tumor seen in 17 patients. Mean tumor dimension was 12.4 cm. Abdominal exposure was achieved via bilateral subcostal incision with upper midline extension. Right hepatic lobe mobilization and isolation from the inferior vena cava (IVC) was performed in 23 cases. Fourteen patients had IVC involvement by tumor thrombus, which was infrahepatic in six, retrohepatic in five, and intra‐atrial in three patients. Tumor thrombus was removed by cavotomy in seven cases, resection and plasty in four cases, IVC graft reconstruction in two cases, and one patient required IVC and atrial graft reconstruction. Liver resection was needed in seven patients to achieve R0 resection. The Pringle maneuver was used in three patients; total liver vascular isolation with venovenous bypass was required in two cases, transdiaphragmatic intrapericardial IVC control in one case, and cardiopulmonary bypass in one patient. There was no intraoperative or postoperative mortality and mean length of stay was 13 days.ConclusionLiver transplantation surgical principles help achieve exposure and vascular control of major vascular structures that enable safe resection of these extensive retroperitoneal tumors.
Effects of 18‐glycyrrhetinic acid on serine 368 phosphorylation of connexin43 in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes
Authors: Liang Jyun‐Yan , Wang Seu‐Mei , Chung Tun‐Hui , Yang Shih‐Hung , Wu Jiahn‐Chun 
Published: August 2008

Abstract18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β‐GA) regulates serine/threonine dephosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43). Phospho‐specific antibodies were used here to determine the effect of 18β‐GA on serine 368‐phosphorylated Cx43 (pSer368Cx43) in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses. 18β‐GA caused a time‐dependent increase in pSer368Cx43 levels and induced gap junction disassembly, shown by a change in pSer368Cx43 immunostaining from large aggregates to dispersed punctates at cell—cell contact areas. 18β‐GA also induced a time‐dependent increase in the levels of serine 729‐phosphorylated PKCɛ, the active form of PKCɛ. The 18β‐GA‐induced increase in pSer368Cx43 levels and changes in pSer368Cx43 staining pattern were abolished by the PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine. Furthermore, 18β‐GA increased the co‐immunoprecipitation of Cx43 with PKCɛ. However, the 18β‐GA‐induced increase in pSer368Cx43 levels and increased association of Cx43 with PKCɛ were inhibited by co‐treatment with the protein phosphatase type 1 and type 2A inhibitor, calyculin A. We conclude that 18β‐GA induces Ser368 phosphorylation of Cx43 via PKCɛ.
The epidemiology of depression in metropolitan China
Authors: Lee S. , Tsang A. , Huang Y.-Q. , He Y.-L. , Liu Z. R. , Zhang M.-Y. , Shen Y.-C. , Kessler R. C. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundPrevious surveys on depression in China focused on prevalence estimates without providing a detailed epidemiological profile.MethodFace-to-face household interviews were conducted with a multi-stage household probability sample of 2633 adults (age ⩾18 years) in Beijing and 2568 in Shanghai between November 2001 and February 2002. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess major depressive episode (MDE) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence and 1-year prevalence estimates of DSM-IV/CIDI MDE were 3.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8–4.4%] and 1.8% (95% CI 1.2–2.4%) respectively. No significant gender difference was found in these estimates. Respondents born in 1967 or later were at elevated lifetime risk compared with respondents born in earlier cohorts. The mean age of onset was 30.3 years. Among those reporting 1-year MDE, 15.7, 51.8, 25.3 and 6.4% reported mild, moderate, severe and very severe symptoms respectively; 4.8, 2.6 and 3.2% reported suicidal ideation, plans, and recent attempts in the same year respectively. Respondents with 1-year MDE reported a mean of 27.5 days out of role owing to their depression in the year before interview. Significant co-morbidity was found between MDE and other mental disorders [odds ratio (OR) 22.0] and chronic physical disorders (OR 3.2). Only 22.7% of respondents with 1-year MDE sought treatment.ConclusionsThe low prevalence and insignificant gender difference, but not patterns of onset, course, co-morbidity, and impairment, distinguish the epidemiological profile of MDE in metropolitan China from those in other countries.
Body composition in psychotic disorders: a general population survey
Authors: Saarni S. E. , Saarni S. I. , Fogelholm M. , Heliövaara M. , Perälä J. , Suvisaari J. , Lönnqvist J. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundThe literature suggests an association between obesity and schizophrenia but fat mass and fat-free mass, which have been shown to be more predictive of all-cause mortality than only waist circumference and obesity [body mass index (BMI) ⩾30 kg/m2], have not been reported in psychotic disorders. We examined the detailed body composition of people with different psychotic disorders in a large population-based sample.MethodWe used a nationally representative sample of 8082 adult Finns aged ⩾30 years with measured anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage, fat-free mass and segmental muscle mass). Psychiatric diagnoses were based on a consensus procedure utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-interview, case-notes and comprehensive register data.ResultsSchizophrenia (including schizo-affective disorder) was associated with obesity [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.6], abdominal obesity (waist circumference ⩾88 cm for women, ⩾102 cm for men) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) and with higher fat percentage (mean difference 3.8%, 95% CI 2.0–5.7%), adjusted for age and gender, than in the remaining sample. The associations between schizophrenia and low fat-free mass and decreased muscle mass on trunk and upper limbs became statistically significant after adjusting for BMI. After further adjusting for current antipsychotic medication, education, diet and smoking, schizophrenia remained associated with obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.6) and abdominal obesity (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5–9.4). Participants with affective psychoses did not differ from the general population.ConclusionsIndividuals with schizophrenia have metabolically unfavorable body composition, comprising abdominal obesity, high fat percentage and low muscle mass. This leads to increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
RÉPARTITION DES ÉCREVISSES À PATTES BLANCHES, AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS PALLIPES (LEREBOULLET, 1858) DANS TROIS RUISSEAUX DE CORRÈZE ; OBSERVATION PARTICULIÈRE DES JUVÉNILES
Authors: REYJOL Y. , ROQUEPLO C. 
Published: August 2008

L’habitat préférentiel des écrevisses à pattes blanches Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858) a été analysé dans trois cours d’eau de Corrèze, grâce à la combinaison de trois méthodes de capture (pêche au filet de type Surber, pêche électrique et pêche à la main de nuit).
Parmi ces méthodes, la plus efficace pour la capture des juvéniles s’est avérée être le filet de type Surber, qui a permis la capture de 536 individus. Suite à cette étude, il apparaît que les écrevisses adultes recherchent de préférence les berges constituées de racines ou avec des cavités, les blocs, les galets, la végétation aquatique et les souches pour s’abriter durant le jour, tandis qu’elles fréquentent préférentiellement les graviers, les galets et les blocs pendant leurs déplacements nocturnes. Les juvéniles s’abritent de préférence dans les galets, les blocs, les végétaux aquatiques et les berges composées d’amas de radicelles. Dans certains cas, la réduction, voire la disparition d’un habitat particulièrement favorable aux juvéniles peut être compensée par une colonisation plus importante d’autres habitats habituellement délaissés.
UTILISATION DU MODÈLE ÉCREVISSE COMME ESPÈCE BIOINDICATRICE DE POLLUTION. APPLICATION À L’ÉTUDE DES TRANSFERTS TROPHIQUES DU CADMIUM
Authors: SIMON O. , BOUDOU A. 
Published: August 2008

La bioaccumulation des métaux par les organismes aquatiques est directement liée aux modalités d’exposition : contamination directe via le milieu ou contamination trophique via l’ingestion de proies contaminées. Pour appréhender les perturbations des écosystèmes, il apparaît important de déterminer des espèces « bioindicatrices » et de mesurer la part respective de ces deux voies d’exposition.
Les travaux présentés concernent le transfert trophique du cadmium entre une proie, le bivalve benthique Corbicula fluminea, et un de ses prédateurs, l’écrevisse Astacus astacus.
Afin d’insister sur l’importance des modalités de prédation de ce crustacé, nous avons réalisé 2 approches expérimentales complémentaires. La première concerne la consommation « naturelle » de proies contaminées pendant 30 jours d’exposition, la seconde consiste à introduire directement un bol alimentaire de proies contaminées dans l’estomac des écrevisses par une technique de gavage.
Les résultats montrent une différence importante entre ces deux approches expérimentales.
CRAYFISH OCCURRENCE IN RELATION TO LAND-USE PROPERTIES: IMPLEMENTATION OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Authors: SCHULZ H. K. , SMIETANA P. , SCHULZ R. 
Published: August 2008

On the basis of inventory data collected since 1994, the recent stocking situation for freshwater crayfish in three 10 by 10 km study sites in northeastern Germany (Uckermark) and northwestern Poland (Szczecin area, Koszalin area) is described. The native crayfish Astacus astacus (L.) was found in two of the three study sites (Uckermark, Koszalin area) with 1 and 7 stocks, respectively, while the American species Orconectes limosus (Raf.) was found in all three study areas, and in two of them (Uckermark, Szczecin area) was the dominant crayfish species.
By means of spatial analysis on the basis of a geographic information system (GIS), influence of land-use properties and other human impact on crayfish distribution was estimated. A. astacus was found only in lakes with a proportion of arable land below 10% within a 50 m buffer around the shoreline. Proportion of forest around these lakes was above the average for all lakes. In contrast, O. limosus appeared indifferent to all factors related to land use. Average lake size was clearly different for the two species. A. astacus was found in smaller lakes without direct contact to settled areas, whereas O. limosus preferentially inhabited larger lakes, indicating the importance of human activities in respect of extinction of native crayfish stocks and propagation of alien crayfish species. GIS proved a suitable tool for the assessment of land-use effects and overall human impact on crayfish distribution on a landscape level.
ITFP: an integrated platform of mammalian transcription factors
Authors: Zheng Guangyong , Tu Kang , Yang Qing , Xiong Yun , Wei Chaochun , Xie Lu , Zhu Yangyong , Li Yixue 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Summary: Investigation of transcription factors (TFs) and their downstream regulated genes (targets) is a significant issue in post-genome era, which can provide a brand new vision for some vital biological process. However, information of TFs and their targets in mammalian is far from sufficient. Here, we developed an integrated TF platform (ITFP), which included abundant TFs and their targets of mammalian. In current release, ITFP includes 4105 putative TFs and 69 496 potential TF-target pairs for human, 3134 putative TFs and 37 040 potential TF-target pairs for mouse, and 1114 putative TFs and 18 055 potential TF-target pairs for rat. In short, ITFP will serve as an important resource for the research community of transcription and provide strong support for regulatory network study.
Availability: ITFP can be accessed at http://itfp.biosino.org/itfp
Contact: yyzhu@fudan.edu.cn; yxli@sibs.ac.cn
The Heidelberg Peri‐anaesthetic Questionnaire – development of a new refined psychometric questionnaire*
Authors: Schiff J. H. , Fornaschon A. S. , Frankenhauser S. , Schiff M. , Snyder‐Ramos S. A. , Martin E. , Knapp S. , Bauer M. , Böttiger B. W. , Motsch J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryWe have developed a questionnaire to assess patients’ peri‐anaesthetic satisfaction. We recruited 1398 patients and 59 health care professionals for construction and validation. Relevant items were rated for preferences. The resulting questions underwent a cognitive and a standard pretest. The resultant Heidelberg Peri‐anaesthetic Questionnaire consists of 38 questions about five identified themes: trust and atmosphere; fear; discomfort; treatment by personnel; and information and waiting. Internal consistency was demonstrated for the sum score (Cronbach’s α = 0.79) and the five factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.42–0.79). Multivariate analysis found significant influences of age, school education, marital status and duration of anaesthesia. Dissatisfied patients had a median (IQR [range]) of 73% (66–76% [35–83]), and satisfied patients 92% (90–94% [88–100]) of the sum score. The Heidelberg Peri‐anaesthetic Questionnaire offers a valid and reliable way to identify dissatisfied patients and generate quality improvement and also has use as a benchmark tool.
Investigating the genetic basis of pork tenderness: genomic analysis of porcine CAST
Authors: Meyers S. N. , Beever J. E. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting pork tenderness was recently detected within the Illinois Meat Quality Pedigree (IMQP) and fine‐mapped to the region of porcine chromosome 2 (SSC2) harbouring the functional candidate gene calpastatin (CAST). To identify molecular variation that may underlie the observed differences in tenderness phenotypes, we characterized the porcine CAST gene and analysed allelic variation within the F1 boars of the IMQP. The complete genomic sequence of porcine CAST has been determined, and was found to contain 35 exons spanning nearly 123 kb. Using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method, calpastatin transcript types I–III, as well as a putative novel transcript type, were detected within porcine skeletal muscle. Variability in transcription initiation and termination sites was observed, and alternative splicing of exons 1y and 3 was evident. Nearly 77.6% of the CAST gene, including all exons, was re‐sequenced from each of six IMQP F1 boars, and almost 900 polymorphisms were identified. The heterozygosity of nearly 400 polymorphisms appeared to be concordant with the previous QTL data, and the location of this variation within the CAST gene suggests that a causative mutation is likely to be regulatory. Functional characterization of CAST variation should enhance understanding of the molecular basis of pork tenderness, and thus allow for genetic improvement of pork products. The effectiveness of CAST polymorphisms for marker‐assisted selection of pork tenderness can now be assessed.
Association among growth, food consumption‐related traits and amylase gene polymorphism in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Huvet A. , Jeffroy F. , Fabioux C. , Daniel J. Y. , Quillien V. , Van Wormhoudt A. , Moal J. , Samain J. F. , Boudry P. , Pouvreau S. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryTo examine further a previously reported association between amylase gene polymorphism and growth in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, ecophysiological parameters and biochemical and molecular expression levels of α‐amylase were studied in Pacific oysters of different amylase genotypes. Genotypes that previously displayed significantly different growth were found to be significantly different for ingestion and absorption efficiency. These estimated parameters, used in a dynamic energy budget model, showed that observed ingestion rates (unlike absorption efficiencies) allowed an accurate prediction of growth potential in these genotypes. The observed association between growth and amylase gene polymorphism is therefore more likely to be related to ingestion than to absorption efficiency. Additionally, relative mRNA levels of the two amylase cDNAs were also strongly associated with amylase gene polymorphism, possibly reflecting variation in an undefined regulatory region, although no corresponding variation was observed in specific amylase activity. Amylase gene sequences were determined for each genotype, showing the existence of only synonymous or functionally equivalent non‐synonymous polymorphisms. The observed associations among growth, food consumption‐related traits and amylase gene polymorphism are therefore more likely to be related to variation in the level of amylase gene expression than to functional enzymatic variants.
How is research evidence used to support claims made in advertisements for wound care products?
Authors: Dumville Jo C , Petherick Emily S , O’Meara Susan , Raynor Pauline , Cullum Nicky 
Published: August 2008

Aims and objective.  To investigate the amount, type and accuracy of citations use in support of product related claims from advertisements of wound care products.Background.  Although articles submitted to most medical journals are subjected to peer review, such scrutiny is often not required for the content of advertisements.Design.  A contents survey of advertisements from two wound care journals (Journal of Wound Care and Ostomy Wound Management) from 2002–2003 and the British Medical Journal, 2002–2003.Methods.  Data collected from advertisements included identification of product related claims made and any corresponding citations. Where journal articles were cited to support claims, the articles were obtained. Where data on file were cited, this material was requested. In each case the accuracy of claims in relation to the content of the supporting citation was assessed.Results.  The use of citations to support product related claims was infrequent in advertisements from wound care journals, where 35% of advertisements containing a product related claim also contained at least one citation, compared with 63% of advertisements from the British Medical Journal. Of citations that were supplied, journal articles were less common in the wound journals (40% vs. 73% in the British Medical Journal) and data on file more common (38% vs. 6% in the British Medical Journal). Where journal articles were obtained, 56% of claims in the wound care journals advertisements were not supported by the cited article, compared with 12% of claims in the British Medical Journal.Conclusion.  The wound journals advertised predominantly medical devices. The use and accuracy of referencing in advertisements from wound care journals was poor.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses have increasing responsibilities for the prescribing of both drugs and devices, which must be accompanied by the ability to interpret marketing materials and research evidence critically. Nurse educators must ensure that nurse education generally and nurse prescriber training particularly, builds skills of information retrieval and critical appraisal.
A short history of blebbing
Authors: CHARRAS G.T. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryBlebs are protrusions of the cell membrane. They are the result of actomyosin contractions of the cortex, which cause either transient detachment of the cell membrane from the actin cortex or a rupture in the actin cortex. Then, cytosol streams out of the cell body and inflates the newly formed bleb. During expansion, which lasts ∼30 s, the bleb is devoid of actin and the surface area increases through further tearing of membrane from the cortex and convective flows of lipids in the plane of the membrane through the bleb neck. Once expansion slows, an actin cortex is reconstituted. First actin‐membrane linker proteins, such as ezrin, are recruited to the bleb, then actin, actin‐bundling proteins and finally myosin motor proteins. Retraction lasts ∼2 min and is powered by myosin motor proteins. Though it has been less studied than other actin‐based membrane protrusions such as lamellipodia or filopodia, blebbing is a common feature of cell physiology during cell movement, cytokinesis, cell spreading and apoptosis. This review will succinctly attempt to summarize what we know about the mechanisms involved in blebbing, when it appears in cell physiology and what open questions remain.