bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber, protein, and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs
Authors: Lee Su A , Rodriguez Diego A. , Paulk Chad B. , Stein Hans H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy. Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain, but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting. The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting, separately or in combination, increase N balance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fiber and fat, and net energy (NE) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs.

Methods
Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn (i.e., 700, 500, or 300 μm) and 2 diet forms (i.e., meal or pelleted). Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Twenty-four castrated male pigs (initial weight: 29.52 kg; standard diviation: 1.40) were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers (i.e., 4 pigs/chamber) and 6 periods. Oxygen consumption and CO2 and CH4 productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were collected.

Results
Regardless of particle size of corn, the ATTD of gross energy (GE), N, and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and the concentration of NE were greater (P < 0.05) in pelleted diets than in meal diets. Regardless of diet form, the ATTD of GE, N, and AEE, and the concentration of NE were increased (linear; P < 0.05) by reducing the particle size of corn, but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets (interaction; P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Both pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE, but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.
TRIB3 silencing promotes the downregulation of Akt pathway and PAX3-FOXO1 in high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Gallo-Oller Gabriel , Pons Guillem , Sansa-Girona Júlia , Navarro Natalia , Zarzosa Patricia , García-Gilabert Lia , Cabré-Fernandez Paula , Guillén Burrieza Gabriela , Valero-Arrese Lorena , Segura Miguel F. , Lizcano José M. , Sánchez de Toledo José , Moreno Lucas , Gallego Soledad , Roma Josep 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), such as other childhood tumors, has witnessed treatment advancements in recent years. However, high-risk patients continue to face poor survival rates, often attributed to the presence of the PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusion proteins, which has been associated with metastasis and treatment resistance. Despite efforts to directly target these chimeric proteins, clinical success remains elusive. In this study, the main aim was to address this challenge by investigating regulators of FOXO1. Specifically, we focused on TRIB3, a potential regulator of the fusion protein in RMS. Our findings revealed a prominent TRIB3 expression in RMS tumors, highlighting its correlation with the presence of fusion protein. By conducting TRIB3 genetic inhibition experiments, we observed an impairment on cell proliferation. Notably, the knockdown of TRIB3 led to a decrease in PAX3-FOXO1 and its target genes at protein level, accompanied by a reduction in the activity of the Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, inducible silencing of TRIB3 significantly delayed tumor growth and improved overall survival in vivo. Based on our analysis, we propose that TRIB3 holds therapeutic potential for treating the most aggressive subtype of RMS. The findings herein reported contribute to our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving RMS progression and provide novel insights into the potential use of TRIB3 as a therapeutic intervention for high-risk RMS patients.
Longitudinal multi-omics analysis uncovers the altered landscape of gut microbiota and plasma metabolome in response to high altitude
Authors: Han Yang , Liu Xiaoshuang , Jia Qian , Xu Jiayu , Shi Jinlong , Li Xiang , Xie Guotong , Zhao Xiaojing , He Kunlun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Gut microbiota is significantly influenced by altitude. However, the dynamics of gut microbiota in relation to altitude remains undisclosed.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the microbiome profile of 610 healthy young men from three different places in China, grouped by altitude, duration of residence, and ethnicity. We conducted widely targeted metabolomic profiling and clinical testing to explore metabolic characteristics.

Results
Our findings revealed that as the Han individuals migrated from low altitude to high latitude, the gut microbiota gradually converged towards that of the Tibetan populations but reversed upon returning to lower altitude. Across different cohorts, we identified 51 species specifically enriched during acclimatization and 57 species enriched during deacclimatization to high altitude. Notably, Prevotella copri was found to be the most enriched taxon in both Tibetan and Han populations after ascending to high altitude. Furthermore, significant variations in host plasma metabolome and clinical indices at high altitude could be largely explained by changes in gut microbiota composition. Similar to Tibetans, 41 plasma metabolites, such as lactic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, taurine, and inositol, were significantly elevated in Han populations after ascending to high altitude. Germ-free animal experiments demonstrated that certain species, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which exhibited altitude-dependent variations in human populations, might play crucial roles in host purine metabolism.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into the dynamics of gut microbiota and host plasma metabolome with respect to altitude changes, indicating that their dynamics may have implications for host health at high altitude and contribute to host adaptation.
Clinician perspectives of the implementation of an early intervention service for eating disorders in England: a mixed method study
Authors: Richards Katie L , Phillips Matthew , Grycuk Luiza , Hyam Lucy , Allen Karina , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) service has been shown to reduce the wait for care and improve clinical outcomes in initial evaluations. These findings led to the national scaling of FREED in England. To support this scaling, we conducted a mixed method evaluation of the perceptions and experiences of clinicians in the early phases of scaling. The Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used as a conceptual lens to understand if and how FREED becomes embedded in routine practice.

Methods
The convergent mixed method evaluation included 21 semi-structured interviews with clinicians from early adopter sites and 211 surveys administered to clinicians before, immediately after and 3 months after the FREED training. The interview guide and survey included questions evaluating attitudes towards early intervention for eating disorders (EDs) and NPT mechanisms. Interview data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis. The NPT was applied to the inductively derived themes to evaluate if and how NPT domains impacted the implementation. Survey data were analysed using multilevel growth models.

Results
Six themes and 15 subthemes captured barriers and facilitators to implementation at the patient, clinician, service, intervention, implementation and wider system levels. These interacted with the NPT mechanisms to facilitate or hinder the embedding of FREED. Overall, clinicians were enthusiastic and positive towards early intervention for EDs and FREED, largely because of the expectation of improved patient outcomes. This was a considerable driver in the uptake and implementation of FREED. Clinicians also had reservations about capacity and the potential impact on other patients, which, at times, was a barrier for its use. The FREED training led to significant improvements in positive attitudes and NPT mechanisms that were largely maintained at the 3-month follow-up. However, negative attitudes did not significantly improve following training.

Conclusions
Positive attitudes towards early intervention for EDs increased enthusiasm and engagement with the model. Features of the model and its implementation were effective at developing adopter commitment and capabilities. However, there were aspects of the model and its implementation which require attention in the future (e.g., capacity and the potential impact on the wider service).
Housing debt and depressive symptoms: evidence from the China family panel studies
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhang Yuehua , Cao Kang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
There is limited evidence on the association between housing debt and depressive symptoms in China. This study aimed to examine the impact of housing debt on depressive symptoms and explore the heterogeneous impacts arising from two sources of housing debt and two types of housing demands.

Methods
Using data from the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study included 25,232 Chinese individuals. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Housing debt was measured by dummy variables, indicating whether an individual had housing debt, and continuous variables, which were the logarithm of the total amount of housing debt. The two-way fixed effects model was used to examine the relationship.

Results
Housing debt had a significant positive impact on depressive symptoms in China. Individuals with housing debt had a 0.176-point higher depressive symptom score than those without housing debt. A 10% increase in the total amount of housing debt led to a 0.16-point increase in depressive symptoms. Non-bank housing loans significantly increased the level of depressive symptoms with a larger coefficient (coef = 0.289), while the impact of bank housing loans was small and not statistically significant. In terms of the types of housing demands, a positive impact was observed only among individuals who had only one property meeting their housing consumption demands.

Conclusions
This study found a significant positive impact of housing debt on depressive symptoms, primarily driven by non-bank housing loans. Furthermore, housing debt increased the depressive symptoms among individuals with consumption demands, while those with investment demands did not show a significant impact. Government interventions should prioritize easing formal financial constraints and providing support for individuals with housing consumption demands.
Motivation and emotional distraction interact and affect executive functions
Authors: Yeung Michael K. , Wan Jaden Cheuk-Hei , Chan Michelle Mei-Ka , Cheung Sam Ho-Yu , Sze Steven Chun-Yui , Siu Winnie Wing-Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious research on cool-hot executive function (EF) interactions has examined the effects of motivation and emotional distraction on cool EF separately, focusing on one EF component at a time. Although both incentives and emotional distractors have been shown to modulate attention, how they interact and affect cool EF processes is still unclear. Here, we used an experimental paradigm that manipulated updating, inhibition, and shifting demands to determine the interactions of motivation and emotional distraction in the context of cool EF. Forty-five young adults (16 males, 29 females) completed the go/no-go (inhibition), two-back (updating), and task-switching (shifting) tasks. Monetary incentives were implemented to manipulate motivation, and task-irrelevant threatening or neutral faces were presented before the target stimulus to manipulate emotional distraction. We found that incentives significantly improved no-go accuracy, two-back accuracy, and reaction time (RT) switch cost. While emotional distractors had no significant effects on overall task performance, they abolished the incentive effects on no-go accuracy and RT switch cost. Altogether, these findings suggest that motivation and emotional distraction interact in the context of cool EF. Specifically, transient emotional distraction disrupts the upregulation of control activated by incentives. The present investigation has advanced knowledge about the relationship between cool and hot EF and highlights the importance of considering motivation–emotion interactions for a fuller understanding of control.
Effect of adaptive laboratory evolution of engineered Escherichia coli in acetate on the biosynthesis of succinic acid from glucose in two-stage cultivation
Authors: Jiang Jiaping , Luo Yuanchan , Fei Peng , Zhu Zhengtong , Peng Jing , Lu Juefeng , Zhu Du , Wu Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEscherichia coli MLB (MG1655 ΔpflB ΔldhA), which can hardly grow on glucose with little succinate accumulation under anaerobic conditions. Two-stage fermentation is a fermentation in which the first stage is used for cell growth and the second stage is used for product production. The ability of glucose consumption and succinate production of MLB under anaerobic conditions can be improved significantly by using acetate as the solo carbon source under aerobic condition during the two-stage fermentation. Then, the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of growing on acetate was applied here. We assumed that the activities of succinate production related enzymes might be further improved in this study. E. coli MLB46-05 evolved from MLB and it had an improved growth phenotype on acetate. Interestingly, in MLB46-05, the yield and tolerance of succinic acid in the anaerobic condition of two-stage fermentation were improved significantly. According to transcriptome analysis, upregulation of the glyoxylate cycle and the activity of stress regulatory factors are the possible reasons for the elevated yield. And the increased tolerance to acetate made it more tolerant to high concentrations of glucose and succinate. Finally, strain MLB46-05 produced 111 g/L of succinic acid with a product yield of 0.74 g/g glucose.
Synopsis
Assessing efficiency in prices and trading volumes of cryptocurrencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with fractal, chaos, and randomness: evidence from a large dataset
Authors: Lahmiri Salim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the market efficiency in the prices and volumes of transactions of 41 cryptocurrencies. Specifically, the correlation dimension (CD), Lyapunov Exponent (LE), and approximate entropy (AE) were estimated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, we applied Student’s t-test and F-test to check whether the estimated nonlinear features differ across periods. The empirical results show that (i) the COVID-19 pandemic has not affected the means of CD, LE, and AE in prices, (ii) the variances of CD, LE, and AE estimated from prices are different across pre-pandemic and during pandemic periods, and specifically (iii) the variance of CD decreased during the pandemic; however, the variance of LE and the variance of AE increased during the pandemic period. Furthermore, the pandemic has not affected all three features estimated from the volume series. Our findings suggest that investing in cryptocurrencies is advantageous during a pandemic because their prices become more regular and stable, and the latter has not affected the volume of transactions.
Value of serum osteoprotegerin in the assessment of endothelial dysfunction in obesity
Authors: Shennawy Ahmed Mohammed , Hanna Hany William Z. , Raed Salma , Salam Randa , Ayman Sama 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Osteoprotegerin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The study aimed to assess serum osteoprotegerin and endothelial dysfunction relationship in obese non-diabetic subjects. Elucidating the association linking serum osteoprotegerin level to obesity and insulin resistance.

Materials and methods
Sixty obese non-diabetic subjects attending the outpatient endocrine clinic were compared with 20 controls. All subjects went through history taking, clinical examination, and anthropometric measuring. Laboratory tests included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, and serum osteoprotegerin level—assessment of endothelial dysfunction measured by carotid intimal thickening and flow meter dilatation.

Results
Obese subjects had significantly higher rates of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia compared with controls (P = 0.017 and 0.002, respectively). Serum osteoprotegerin levels were significantly lower in obese subjects compared with controls (P = 0.011). In obese subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between osteoprotegerin and HOMA-IR (r = 0.272; P = 0.035), whereas there was no significant correlation between OPG and endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusion
The study showed that osteoprotegerin significantly decreased in obese non-diabetic individuals in comparison with control subjects. A significant positive correlation between osteoprotegerin and HOMA-IR has been reported in obese non-diabetic subjects. OPG can be considered a serum biomarker to predict insulin resistance in obese individuals.
Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of an Arabic version of the test of narrative language—second edition
Authors: Ibrahim Sara Magdy , Sobhy Ossama Ahmed , ElMaghraby Riham Mohamed , Hamouda Nesrine Hazem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The significance of narrative skills is evident due to their role in the development of language and their connection to significant social and academic skills. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Test of Narrative Language-Second Edition (TNL-2) for its use as a tool for the assessment of narrative language in Arabic-speaking Egyptian children. In a cross-sectional study design, the Arabic-translated version of the TNL-2 was administered to 200 typically developing Arabic-speaking Egyptian children ranging in age from 4 years to 15 years and 11 months for validation. The participants were categorized according to their age into ten groups and their scores were analyzed. Face validity was assessed by asking five expert phoniatricians to review the Arabic version of the TNL-2 and complete a questionnaire that assessed the test’s effectiveness in measuring different narrative skills.

Results
A statistically significant difference was found when comparing the TNL-2 scores among the age groups under study. In addition, there was a significant correlation between standardized Arabic language test scores and the total comprehension and total production subtests’ raw scores of the TNL-2. The test-retest reliability and inter-rater agreement demonstrated a high level of reliability and inter-rater agreement. Experts have reached a consensus that the Arabic version of the TNL-2 is capable of evaluating the primary microstructural and macrostructural components of Arabic narratives. Furthermore, it can provide insights into the overall narrative skills of Egyptian Arabic-speaking children.

Conclusion
The Arabic-translated version of the TNL-2 demonstrated validity and reliability as an instrument for assessing narrative language comprehension and production skills in Arabic-speaking Egyptian children.
Salient Cues and Complexity
Authors: Dertwinkel-Kalt Markus , Köster Mats 
Published: April 2024

Important decisions are often complex, and existing evidence suggests that complexity can affect economic behavior. It is an open question, however, exactly when and how complexity matters. We hypothesize that salient cues—standing out in the choice context—mitigate the effect of complexity on choices. We theoretically develop and experimentally test this hypothesis in the context of portfolio selection. We find that, in both simple and complex problems, subjects seek highly right-skewed portfolios, which have an extreme and salient upside, and avoid highly left-skewed portfolios with an extreme and salient downside. Complexity does affect, however, choices among symmetric portfolios, which have neither a salient upside nor downside. Absent a salient cue, subjects diversify naively. Evidence on response times and memory supports our salience-based explanation. This paper was accepted by Ilia Tsetlin, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Financial support by the German Research Foundation ([Grant 404416232] for M. Dertwinkel-Kalt and [Grant 235577387/GRK1974] for M. Köster) is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00652 .
Spatial variations and determinants of timely completion of vaccination in Ethiopia using further analysis of EDHS 2019 data: Spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Agimas Muluken Chanie , Belew Aysheshim Kassahun , Sisay Mekonnen , Daniel Baffa Lemlem , Gashaw Moges , Yiheyis Abriham Zufan , Ali Muhammad Esmael , Anteneh Yigzaw Zeamanuel , Mengistu Berhanu 
Published: April 2024

Background
Timely vaccination is the practice of administering the vaccine within the first birthday of the child. Not vaccinating the child at the appropriate age is the cause of improper protection of diseases and can be a possible factor in death. The problem of not completing the vaccine in the scheduled period is a globally distributed problem, but especially in sub-Saharan African countries, it is a bottleneck to child health. Even if timely vaccination is crucial for reducing the impact of VPDs, there are no current national-level studies to generate conclusive and tangible evidence in Ethiopia.

Objective
To assess spatial variations and determinants of timely completion of vaccination in Ethiopia using further analysis of EDHS 2019 data.

Method
The secondary data analysis of a community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 3094 participants. Stata-14 software was used for data cleaning, recording, and analysis. Arc GIS version 10.3 and Kuldorff SAT scan version 9.6 software are used for spatial and SAT scan statistics. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of timely vaccination. The clustering effect was also evaluated by Moran’s I statistics and intra class correlation.

Results
The timely completion of vaccination among Ethiopian women who had a child aged 12–35 months was 19.5% (95%CI: 18.2–20.8), and the spatial distribution of timely completion of vaccinations in Ethiopia was non-randomly distributed. A statistically significant high proportion of timely completion areas were clustered in the eastern part of Amhara, the south part of Afar, Addis Ababa, and Oromia. The primary cluster was located at a 13.11 km radius in Diredawa, which was 3.68 times higher than outside the window (RR = 3.68, LLR = 68.76, p-value < 0.001). History of antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.3–2.04), giving birth at health facilities (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.25–2.13), age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 186, 95% CI: 1.35–2.63), age 25–34 years (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33–2.21), and being richest (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.86–3.94) were the factors contributing to the timely completion of vaccination.

Conclusion
The prevalence of timely completion of vaccination was low in Ethiopia, and the spatial distribution of timely completion of vaccination in Ethiopia was non-randomly distributed across the regions. The factors associated with the timely completion of vaccinations were ANC follow-up, place of delivery, age of the participant, and wealth index. We recommend expanding facility delivery, antenatal care services, and empowering women to scale up timely vaccination in Ethiopia.