bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of dexamethasone in pediatric bronchoscopy
Authors: Ghorayeb Bechara Y. , Shikhani Alain H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe beneficial effect of intravenous corticosteroids in preventing traumatic laryngeal edema is controversial. Between 1968 and 1971, a controlled clinical study was conducted, at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, of 70 children who underwent bronchoscopy for removal of foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree.The patients were divided into two randomized groups; one group was given intravenous dexamethasone while the second was kept as a control. The length of hospitalization and the development of complications attributable to tracheobronchial edema were compared. Intravenous corticosteroids do not seem to reduce the incidence of post-bronchoscopy laryngeal edema.
Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease in Nigerians
Authors: Ijaduola T. G. A. , Ademiluyi S. A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOtorhinolaryngological manifestations of 13 patients with von Recklinghausen's disease appearing at Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a five-year period have been studied. Among patients with ENT manifestations of the disease, the most common general features exhibited were cutaneous neurofibromas (100 per cent), headache (69.23 per cent) and pruritus (46.15 per cent). But the head and neck findings included external meatal canal stenosis (30.77 per cent), conductive deafness (30.77 per cent), nasal discharge (30.77 per cent), cranial nerve involvement (30.77 per cent) and disfigurement of the soft tissues of the face (30.77 per cent). Involvement of pinna (23.31 per cent), rhinolalia aperta (15.38 per cent), mental retardation (15.38 per cent) and pharyngeal swelling (7.69 per cent) also featured. Clinically detectable bilateral acoustic neurofibromas in adults or astrocytomas in children were not found in this series. Involvement of the frontoparietal bone (7.65 per cent) presented with skull bossing which had to be differentiated from that due to sickle cell disease in the African. There was also a singular case of phrenic nerve involvement. However, malignancy occurred in one (7.69 per cent) of these patients. Thus, it is important always to follow-up these patients closely so as to detect malignant transformation in time.
Hualuronic acid in secretory otitis media
Authors: Laurent C. , Tengblad A. , Engströ-Laurent Anna 
Published: November 2007

SummaryMiddle-ear effusions of the mucoid type were collected from 14 children with secretory otitis media and analysed by a sensitive assay for hyaluronic acid. The concentration of the polysaccharide varied between three and 42 μg/g. in different patients but was in the same range in effusion material taken from the two ears of the same patient. As the hyaluronic acid concentrations were high compared to the serum levels, the results indicate that the effusion material contains a component derived from connective tissue.
Silastic foam dressing in pinnaplasty
Authors: Bandey S. A. , Atkins J. , Neil W. F. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryVarious forms of dressings, including proflavine wool, have been used traditionally for pinnaplasties.We report the use of Silastic Foam as a dressing in seven of our pinnaplasty cases. The advantages of Silastic Foam dressing over conventional dressings are mainly:1. Patient comfort.2. No change of dressing is required.
Auditory brain stem evoked potentials in patients suffering from peripheral facial nerve palsy and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ben-David J. , Gertner R. , Podoshin L. , Fradis M. , Pratt H. , Rabina A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractForty-two patients affected by acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (AIPFP) underwent auditory brainstem evoked potential (ABEP) investigation in order to further our understanding of the nature of facial palsy. Twenty-two of these patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. Our results indicate that the AIPFP of the diabetic person may be considered as a preliminary sign of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Osteochondroma of the cervical spine
Authors: Nielsen O. G. , Gadegaard Lena , Fogh A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOsteochondromas of the cervical spine are rare. Two cases are described, both originating from the second cervical vertebra, one localized to the spine and the other to the anterior aspect of the body of the vertebra. The examinations carried out and the treatment are reported.
Microfractures of the otic capsule
Authors: Proops D. W. , Hawke W. M. , Berger G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMicrofractures of the temporal bone have been recognized for more than seventy years and occur in certain well-defined areas of the otic capsule. The etiology and significance of these microfractures has been debated since their discovery. The most commonly held theory is that they result from stresses within the otic capsule that develop with growth. An alternative explanation might be that they result from masticatory stress placed upon the temporal bone.Fifty serially-sectioned temporal bones from the Ontario Temporal Bone Bank were examined in this study for the presence of microfractures. Our findings as to the most common sites of microfractures agree with previous studies.It is proposed that the constant stress placed upon the petrous temporal bone by the act of mastication is directed by the anatomy of the external, middle and inner ear through certain definite pathways, including the Fallopian canal, the bony semicircular canals and the cochlea. The most common sites of these fractures represent sites of weakness in the path of these directed forces within the otic capsule, and the statistically significant increase in the number of fractures with age lends support to the masticatory stress theory.
Possible implication of an efferent neuropathy in vestibular upset
Authors: Prescott C. A. J. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThis essay examines two possible mechanisms whereby a neuropathy affecting the efferent vestibular innervation may cause incoordination of vestibular afferent input to the Vestibular Integrating Centres: firstly, by loss of the normal fine control of afferent impulses; secondly, by a disruption of the sodium-potassium pump mechanism that maintains the ionic stability of the inner ear fluids.
Median nasal dermoid fistulae
Authors: Baton R. P. E. , Shuttleworth D. , Graham-Brown R. A. C. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTwo cases of median nasal dermoid fistulae are presented. This is an uncommon developmental abnormality which may present either to ENT Surgerys, Plastic Surgeons, or Dermatologists. Although the extent of the tract in our cases was small, careful pre-operative assessment is required as the tract may be ectensive.
A comparison of endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy in the management of acute epiglottitis in children in the tropics
Authors: Odetoyinbo Olujimi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn children, acute epiglottitis is rapidly fatal due to airway obstruction by swollen supraglottic structures, but the oedema is short-lived. Therefore, in many centres short-term endotracheal intubation has replaced tracheostomy as the method of choice for relieving the obstruction.We have tried both methods in 15 children over a period of three years under conditions of limited material and human resources. Tracheostomy was found to be safer. It was concluded that it is better to have a live healthy child with a small scar in the neck than a dead child without a scar.
Malignant tumours of the tongue in young adults
Authors: Randall C. J. , Shaw H. J. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTwenty-three cases of malignant tongue tumours in patients aged 15 to 30 are reported. Treatment and prognosis in the 18 for which follow-up information is available are discussed. The disease appears to be very similar to that in older subjects except for a greater incidence of neck node metastases. Close follow-up after primary treatment is essential since there is a high possibility of recurrent disease but which may respond well to salvage surgery if identified early. A greater awareness of the occurrence of tongue cancer in young adults is also necessary.
A British experience of surgical voice restoration techniques as a secondary procedure following total laryngectomy
Authors: Perry Alison , Cheesman A. D. , McIvor J. , Chalton Rosemary 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn earlier paper (Cheesman et al., 1985) described assessment procedures for ‘failed’ oesophageal speakers who were referred to Charing Cross Hospital for possible Surgical Voice Restoration in 1983–4.This paper presents the results of surgical voice restoration in the first fifty laryngectomized patients referred and analyses the reasons for failure in those where surgical voice restoration was unsuccessful.94 per cent of patients who underwent secondary voice restoration were successful at two weeks post-surgery, but this success rate dropped to 73 per cent at three months. Reasons for this are explained and the pre-requisites for a successful surgical voice restoration are indicated.
The diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis
Authors: Cohen David , Friedman Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis (MEO) have been reviewed. They were divided into two categories: obligatory and occasional. The obligatory criteria are: pain, edema, exudate, granulations, microabscess (when operated), positive bone scan or failure of local treatment often more than 1 week, and possibly pseudomonas in culture. The occasional criteria are diabetes, cranial nerve involvement, positive radiograph, debilitating condition and old age.Allof the obligatory criteria must be present in order to establish the diagnosis. The presence of occasional criteria alone does not establish it. The importance of Tc99 scan in detecting osteomyelitis is stressed. When bone scan is not available, a trial of 1–3 weeks of local treatment is suggested. Failure to respond to such treatment may assist in making the diagnosis of MEO.
Surgical anatomy of the hypotympanum
Authors: SaviČ D. , Djerič D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAnatomical characteristics of the hypotympanum were tested on 50 temporal bones. The hypotympanum has the shape of an irregular bony groove which is surrounded by five walls. The outer wall is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. In 65 per cent of the cases the inner wall is formed by part of the petrous bone which extends under the promontory; in 25 per cent it is formed only by the lower part of the promontory; and in 10 per cent it corresponds to the juncture of the promontory and the petrous bone. The lower wall is clearly defined in 48.2 per cent of cases and corresponds to the juncture of its inner and outer walls. In 65 per cent of cases a recess of the inferior hypotympanic sinus is found on the floor of the hypotympanum. In 25.3 per cent of cases the jugular bulb protrudes into the tympanic cavity. In 73.4 per cent of cases the front wall is formed by part of the petrous bone which extends from its floor towards the tympanic opening of the protympanum, and in 26 per cent of the cases it is formed by the wall of the internal carotid artery. On the front wall, in 22.4 per cent of cases, a recess of the anterior hypotympanic sinus is found. The back wall is formed by elements of the styloid complex and in five per cent of the cases a recess or posterior hypotympanic sinus is found on it.
Chronic tonsillitis, tonsillectomy and sickle cell crises
Authors: Ijaduola G. T. A. , Akinyanju O. O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA study of the effect of tonsillectomy on the frequency of sickle cell pain crises was carried out on 15 patients with sickle cell disease (Hb SS) who presented with complaints of frequent pain crises and were found to have chronic tonsillitis. They comprised 9 females and 6 males and ranged in age from 6 to 35 years, with a mean of 15 years. Tonsillectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. The mean number of pain crises in the one-year period after tonsillectomy was 1.5 and was significantly less than the mean number 4.7 in the one year preceding the operation (p<0.001). Four patients failed to show a reduced number of crises and these were those whose tonsils at operation showed no pus in their tonsillar crypts. It is thus observed that chronic tonsillitis, symptoms of which may not be volunteered at examination, is a potent inductor of sickle cell pain crisis and that tonsillectomy is an effective mode of treatment, especially when the tonsillar crypts contain pus.
Musculus uvulae and velopharyngeal status
Authors: Ijaduola G. T. A. , Williams O. O. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA study of velopharyngeal status after partial excision of musculus uvulae, as in total uvulectomy, has been carried out in 15 adults with normally formed soft palates. Fifteen volunteers matched for age and sex with normal palates, who had not had total uvulectomy, were used as controls. Four assessment techniques were used: (a) Air escape, with modified tongue anchor technique; (b) Production of speech sounds; (c) Transnasal nasopharyngoscopy; and (d) Radiological screening. Even though Azzam and Kuehn (1977) have stressed the importance of the musculus uvulae in velopharyngeal closure, all assessments showed that partial excision of the musculus uvulae, as in total uvulectomy, has no statistically significant effect on the velopharyngeal status in subjects with a normally formed soft palate.
Squamous cell hyperplasia of the larynx
Authors: Kalter P. Olde , Lubsen H. , Delemarre J. F. M. , Snow G. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAccording to Kleinsasser's classification 200 patients with squamous cell hyperplasia, seen between 1963–1981, were reviewed histologically. The untreated patients (47 per cent) have been analysed for the incidence of malignant change and the patients with Class III lesions (carcinoma in situ) who were treated, were analysed for response to treatment. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 years. Only two of the 38 initially untreated patients of Class I (simple squamous cell hyperplasia) developed an invasive carcinoma. In Class II (hyperplasia with atypia), of 62 patients who were not treated initially, 17 developed a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma later. Only six patients of Class III did not receive any treatment initially, and one of these progressed to invasive carcinoma. Almost all other patients with carcinoma in situ (Class III) were irradiated. In these patients no evidence of local recurrence was found.
Pendred's syndrome with episodic vertigo, tinnitus and vomiting and normal bithermal caloric responses
Authors: Das V. K. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA case of early-onset bilateral sensori-neural deafness with episodic objective vertigo, tinnitus and vomiting, suggestive of Meniere's syndrome, was found to have a diffuse goitre. A Perchlorate discharge test was positive, indicating an organification defect diagnostic of Pendred's syndrome. The case was found to be euthyroid both clinically and on investigations. Tone decay was absent and recruitment was found, thus indicating a cochlear site of lesion. Bithermal caloric tests and clinical tests of vestibular function were within normal limits. X-rays, including petrous tomography, did not show any abnormalities.
Breast carcinoma metastatic to the nasopharynx
Authors: Saab Ghaleb A. , Abdul-Karim Fadi W. , Samara Milhem 
Published: November 2007

A case report of a patient with adenocarcinoma of the breast with matastasis to the nasopharynx is described. The patient presented initially with pulmonary metastasis followed later by metastasis to the left jugulo-digastric lymph nodes. A prominent but asymptomatic nasopharyngeal mass was concomitantly discovered on head and neck examination. Three months later, symptoms of panhypopituitarism developed. Invasion of the base of the skull and pituitary were documented. Patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast and high cervical node metastasis should have a thorough otolaryngologic and head and neck evaluation.Metastatic carcinoma to the nasopharynx is an extremely rare occurrence. Only two cases of bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung and two cases of hypernephroma metastatic to the nasopharynx have been reported in the literature (Bernstein et al., 1966). We present what we believe to be the first case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast to the nasopharynx.
The effect of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the intra-tympanic pressure
Authors: Tuohimaa Pekka , Palva Tauno 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA group of 67 children were studied (mean age 7 years, 2 months) who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy because of either recurrent otitis media or upper respiratory tract infection. The mean pre-operative intratympanic pressure was –67.3 mmH20 (SD 65.1); three months post-operatively it was –21.9 mmH20 (SD 32.4), a highly significant improvement (p<0.001). The size of the adenoids had a nearly significant effect on the pre-operative intratympanic pressure (p<0.05). In children with large vs small adenoids the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). In a group of five children, tonsillectomy along (adenoidectomy performed earlier) did not have any effect on the intratympanic pressure. No change in intratympanic pressure was seen in children with nasal allergy as compared with non-allergic children after adenoidectomy.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the tonsil
Authors: Hadar Tuvia , Mor Celia , Har-El Gady , Sidi Jack 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe describe a 65-year-old woman who presented with a left tonsillar tumour. Biopsy revealed metastatic anaplastic cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Metastatic tumours are rare in the tonsils. This case, to the best of our knowledge, is the first in which the thyroid was the primary site.
A method for preparation of fibrin glue
Authors: Durham L. H. , Willatt D. J. , Yung M. W. , Jones I. , Stevenson P. A. , Ramadan M. F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOtorhinolaryngological operations would be facilitated by the use of a safe, cheap, surgical adhesive. Though commercial fibrin glue is effective, it is both relatively expensive and, because it is prepared from pooled human blood, there has been concern that it carries the risk of transmitting viral disease, in particular hepatitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We describe a rapid, cheap method of preparing sufficient fibrin glue, of adequate bonding power, from a small quantity of the patient's own blood, and therefore with no risk of contracting viral disease. Our method of preparation of fibrin glue promises to provide a valuable adjunct to otorhinolaryngological surgical practice.
Chemical burns of the oesophagus
Authors: Sellars S. L. , Spence R. A. J. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryChemical burns of the oesophagus caused by ingestion of corrosives present a difficult and potentially dangerous problem of management. Initial failure to recognize the seriousness of the injury and inexperience in the handling of the severer burn may result in consequences which are both life-threatening and life-long.Analysis of 95 patients who had ingested caustic substances is presented. Ninty-one sustained burns of the mouth, 39 of the hypopharynx or oesophagus, and 31 had laryngeal burns. Sixty-three were children of 15 years and under. Caustic soda, especially in children, was the most common substance ingested. Severe oesophageal strictures developed early in 17 patients and in a further 21 oesophageal stricturing occurred late.A protocol for the management of these patients is discussed.
Occurrence and recurrence of basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck in negroid and albinoid africans
Authors: Ademiluyi S. A. , Ijaduola G. T. A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA study of sixty patients with basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck region carried out over a six-year period (1979–1985) is hereby presented. Sixteen (26.72 percent) were albinos and 44 (73.28 per cent) negroids. Forty-eight (80 per cent) were outdoor workers. The negroid patients presented between the 3rd and 4th decades while the albinos presented a decade earlier. The commonest site involved in the head and neck was the forehead. The midface showed the highest recurrence rate in both groups, even after adequate excision. The frequency of recurrence in tumours presenting with a size of 2–5 cm. diameter was significantly higher in the albinos than in the negroid (P<0.05), whereas, with tumours of a size larger than 5 cm., there was no statistically significant difference between the albino and the negroid. However, the overall recurrence rate was significantly higher in the albinos (P<0.005). The mortality among the albinos was 25 per cent while there were no deaths in the negroid Africans.
Revision stapes surgery
Authors: Bhardwaj B. K. , Kacker S. K. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe records of 120 patients who had undergone revision stapedectomy were analyzed to determine: (i) the causes of failure; (ii) how to prevent failure by taking precautions during primary surgery; (iii) hearing results; and (iv) possible identifying factors which might pinpoint those patients with a high risk of sensorineural deafness.A review of these cases demonstrates that the results of revision stapedectomy are different from those of primary stapedectomy. The commonest cause of failure was prosthetic dislocation (30.8 per cent), followed by fibrous adhesions (18.3 per cent) and otosclerotic regrowth (14.1 per cent). First revision operations resulted in post-operative bone-air gaps of 15 dB. or less in 46.5 per cent of cases, much better than 25 per cent for second revisions. Primary stapedectomy resulted in successful closure of the air-bone gap to 15 dB. or less in 89.5 per cent of cases.The sensorineural loss occurred in 11.3 per cent or first revisions and in 16.6 per cent of second revisions, as compared to 1.3 per cent after primary surgery. “Dead ears” were encountered in 2.2 per cent of first revisions, as compared to nil in the primary group.
Rationalization of peritonsillar abscess as an indication for tonsillectomy
Authors: Curley Jane W. A. , Bates G. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt has been widely held that peritonsillar abscess is a strong, if not absolute, indication for tonsillectomy, performed either immediately or after an interval of some weeks. A retrospective study of 48 patients is presented. It appears that age and the incidence of previous throat infections can be related to the likelihood of further problems and the need for operation.
Reconstruction of the pharynx after laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy
Authors: Stafford N. D. , Matthews R. N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractStricture formation may occur after pharyngolaryngectomy it less than one half of the circumference of the pharynx is available for primary closure. However, the alternative of total pharyngectomy with skin flap or visceral replacement carries with it a high mortality and morbidity rate. In an attempt to overcome these problems, a policy of patch grafting the paryngeal defect with a myocutaneous flap or segment of free vascularised jejunum has been adopted whenever a strip of pharyngeal mucosa greater than one centimetre in width remains after excision of the tumour. A good post-operative smallow has been achieved in all cases.
Is vidian neurectomy worthwhile?
Authors: Ogale S. B. , Shah Ajay , Rao S. C. , Shah K. I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVasomotor rhinitis is a frustrating experience both for the consultant and for the patient. The purpose of vidian neurectomy is to destroy the secretomotor nerve supply to the nasal mucosa, the main indication being severe intractable non-atopic casomotor rhinitis.A review of 208 cases which have undergone transnasal vidian neurectomy by diathermy coagulation in the last five years is presented.The operation has proved worthwhile, the patients remaining symptom-free in 92 per cent of cases (longest follow-up 5 years). There have been on complications