bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutamine deamidation of a recombinant monoclonal antibody
Authors: Liu Hongcheng , Gaza‐Bulseco Georgeen , Chumsae Chris 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDeamidation of glutamine (Gln) proceeds at a much slower rate than deamidation of asparagine (Asn) residues at peptide level. However, deamidation of Gln residues in native proteins may occur faster because of the impact of protein structure and thus plays a significant role in affecting protein stability. Gln deamidation of a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody was investigated in the current study. Deamidation was determined by a molecular weight increase of 1 Da, a retention time shift on reversed‐phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of the peptides. As expected, Gln residues at different locations in the three‐dimensional structure had different susceptibilities to deamidation. Gln deamidation was highly pH dependent with the highest level detected in the sample incubated at pH 9, and lowest level at pH 6 in the pH range from 5 to 9. The detection of significant levels of Gln deamidation suggested that it may play an important role in affecting heterogeneity and stability of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples
Authors: Hannon Janet E. , Böhlke John Karl , Mroczkowski Stanley J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBaSO4 precipitated from mixed salt solutions by common techniques for SO isotopic analysis may contain quantities of H2O and NO that introduce errors in O isotope measurements. Experiments with synthetic solutions indicate that δ18O values of CO produced by decomposition of precipitated BaSO4 in a carbon reactor may be either too low or too high, depending on the relative concentrations of SO and NO and the δ18O values of the H2O, NO, and SO. Typical δ18O errors are of the order of 0.5 to 1‰ in many sample types, and can be larger in samples containing atmospheric NO, which can cause similar errors in δ17O and Δ17O. These errors can be reduced by (1) ion chromatographic separation of SO from NO, (2) increasing the salinity of the solutions before precipitating BaSO4 to minimize incorporation of H2O, (3) heating BaSO4 under vacuum to remove H2O, (4) preparing isotopic reference materials as aqueous samples to mimic the conditions of the samples, and (5) adjusting measured δ18O values based on amounts and isotopic compositions of coexisting H2O and NO. These procedures are demonstrated for SO isotopic reference materials, synthetic solutions with isotopically known reagents, atmospheric deposition from Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA, and sulfate salt deposits from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Mojave Desert, California, USA. These results have implications for the calibration and use of O isotope data in studies of SO sources and reaction mechanisms. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase ligand exchange of select transition‐metal acetylacetonate and hexafluoroacetylacetonate complexes
Authors: Lerach Jordan O. , Leskiw Brian D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGas‐phase ligand exchange reactions between M(acac)2 and M(hfac)2 species, where M is Cu(II) and/or Ni(II), were observed to occur in a double‐focusing reverse‐geometry magnetic sector mass spectrometer. The gas‐phase mixed ligand product, [M(acac)(hfac)]+, was formed following the co‐sublimation of either homo‐metal or hetero‐metal precursors. The gas‐phase formation of [Cu(acac)(hfac)]+ from hetero‐metal precursors is reported herein for the first time. The [Ni(acac)(hfac)]+ complex is also observed for the first time to form following the co‐sublimation of not only Ni precursors, but also from separate Ni and Cu precursors. The corresponding fragmentation patterns of these species are also presented, and the mixed metal mixed ligand product [NiCu(acac)2(hfac)]+ is observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A less conservative method for designingH∞filters for linear time‐delay systems
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Ming , Han Qing‐Long 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper focuses onH∞filtering for linear time‐delay systems. A new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed by uniformly dividing the delay interval into two subintervals, and choosing different Lyapunov matrices on each subinterval. Based on this new LKF, a less conservative delay‐dependent bounded real lemma (BRL) is established to ensure that the resulting filtering error system is asymptotically stable with a prescribedH∞performance. Then, this new BRL isequivalentlyconverted into a set of linear matrix inequalities, which guarantee the existence of a suitableH∞filter. Compared with some existing filtering results, some imposed constraints on the Lyapunov matrices are removed through derivation of the sufficient condition for the existence of the filter. Numerical examples show that the results obtained in this paper significantly improve theH∞performance of the filtering error system over some existing results in the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental flow enhances native fish spawning and recruitment in the Murray River, Australia
Authors: King A.J. , Tonkin Z. , Mahoney J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEnvironmental flows aim to mimic components of a river's natural flow variability, including the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, rate of change and the predictability of flow events. Aspects of the natural flow regime are thought to be linked to critical components of the life history strategies of many riverine fishes, including spawning and recruitment. In the Murray River, Australia, environmental flows are increasingly being used as a restoration tool; however, there is little information about the response of fish to these managed flow events. This study reports on the results from a 3‐year study on the effects of water management on the spawning and recruitment of four native fish species in the mid‐Murray River system. Two of these years were hydrologically similar, while the third year encompassed an extensive period of floodplain inundation, including the use of the largest environmental flow allocation to date in Australia. Drift nets were used to collect the drifting eggs and larvae of four iconic native species throughout their spawning season each year. Young‐of‐year were collected in the following autumn. Although golden perch and silver perch eggs were collected in all 3 years, both species increased their spawning activity during the major flood period compared to the previous two seasons. Murray cod and trout cod appeared not to increase their spawning activity in the flood year, but their recruitment may be increased when floodplain inundation occurs at times when their larvae and juveniles are present, most likely through the generation of abundant food resources. Whilst further study is required to confirm the role and mechanism of flooding in the spawning and recruitment of these species; this study provides important evidence of a link between the provision of an environmental flood and fish spawning and recruitment, and has significant implications for managing flows in regulated rivers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘natural flow paradigm’ and Atlantic salmon—moving from concept to practice
Authors: Enders Eva C. , Scruton David A. , Clarke Keith D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe ‘natural flow paradigm’ is becoming an important first principle in the setting of managed flow regimes throughout the world, including Canada. The principle states that managed flow regimes should consider the natural hydrological variability of a river system, both seasonally and interannually, to maintain its ecological integrity. While laudable, this principle is in direct conflict with hydropower development and irrigation interests. Therefore, both regulatory agencies and developers are struggling to identify the elements of hydrological variability that are critical to maintain the ecological health of rivers. In this paper, we identify flow requirements for different life stages of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). We then explore the potential effects of different flow regime scenarios on a wild Atlantic salmon population, using Harry's River in Western Newfoundland as an example. First, we link the life history patterns of Atlantic salmon to the scenario of the natural hydrological variability, incorporating the flow requirements for migration, spawning and rearing. In a second scenario, we present a flow regime managed for optimal hydropower production. Finally, we propose a conceptual model for a hypothetical managed flow regime that provides the necessary hydrological flow variations to support the life history requirements of Atlantic salmon, while permitting flow regulation and modification. This exercise identified data gaps and further research needs. Particularly, more information is needed on the amplitude of spring flooding necessary to initiate downstream migration while minimizing spill, which could potential be used for hydropower production. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergent eco‐efficiency paradigm in corporate environment management
Authors: Hoffrén Jukka , Apajalahti Eeva‐Lotta 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCorporate environmental management is today outlined by perspectives that advocate a smooth and linear shift towards sustainable development (SD). The concept of eco‐efficiency (EE) aims to reduce use of natural resources in order to alleviate the environmental consequences from the overburdening of the environment. The business sector has been advocating for EE as a central part of its sustainability strategy since the 1990s. However, EE bypasses the exigencies of fundamental changes to avoid rapid and large‐scale environmental degradation. Consequently, EE is not to be considered as a fundamental method that would enable radical innovations and support fast and significant change towards the sustainability needed.The object of this article is to review the implementation of EE in Finnish companies in 2006. The practical implementation of EE has been slow. Our survey shows that in Finland the breakthrough in environmental awareness in companies is yet to come. Environmentalism or SD is not an issue to over 50 per cent of publicly listed large or medium‐size companies. Generally, the implementation of SD has been insufficient or non‐existent. The situation is even worse with the concept of EE; the share of companies that have adopted the EE approach is only about 10 per cent, which is a remarkably low figure. This indicates that the interconnection between economic and environmental interaction is still totally neglected in a vast majority of large companies. There is a urgent need to foster EE implementation, target setting and practical EE management tools among companies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Molecular‐level etching by electrospray droplet impact
Authors: Sakai Yuji , Iijima Yoshitoki , Mori Kunihiko , Hiraoka Kenzo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel ionization method, electrospray droplet impact (EDI), has been developed for matrix‐free SIMS. The charged water droplets used in EDI are extremely large cluster ions with masses of about a few 106 u. When the charged water droplets impact on a target, the physical sputtering of the target is suppressed to minimal and an atomic‐and molecular‐level layer‐by‐layer etching is realized. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of x‐ray irradiation effect in high‐k gate dielectrics by time‐dependent photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Tanimura T. , Toyoda S. , Kumigashira H. , Oshima M. , Ikeda K. , Liu G. L. , Liu Z. , Usuda K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have developed a method to precisely determine the band offsets for hafnium oxide (HfO2), hafnium silicate (HfSiO) and nitrided hafnium silicate (HfSiON) films on Si by elimination of x‐ray irradiation effects with time‐dependent photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and x‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The core‐level PES spectra shift during PES measurements, which is explained as the dielectric films charging due to photoemission by the x‐ray irradiation. For elimination of the x‐ray irradiation effect on the determination of the band offsets, time‐dependent photoemission spectroscopy was performed. The precisely determined valence band offsets for HfO2, HfSiO and HfSiON are 3.2, 3.4, and 1.9 eV, respectively. On the other hand, the conduction band offsets are almost the same values of about 1.3 eV. Thus, the elimination of x‐ray irradiation effect enables to precisely determine the band offsets, leading to the accurate estimation of gate leakage current. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of interfacial adhesion for plasma‐treated aramid fiber‐reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) composite and fiber surface aging effects
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Jing , Wang Baichen , Li Wei , Zhang Chengshuang , Li Hong , Sun Baolei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractInterfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix in a composite is a primary factor for stress transfer from the matrix to the fiber. In this study, oxygen plasma treatment method was applied to modify the fiber surface for improving interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber‐reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) composite. Composite interfacial adhesion properties were determined by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) using a short‐beam bending test. The composite interfacial adhesion mechanism was discussed by SEM. The changes of chemical composition and wettability for plasma‐treated fiber surfaces stored in air as long as 10 days were investigated by XPS and dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA), respectively. Results indicated that oxygen plasma treatment was an effective method for improving interfacial adhesion; plasma‐treated fiber surface suffered aging effects during storage in air. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of porous structure of sintered highly porous aluminum materials by surface modification of aluminum particles with tin
Authors: Sonoda T. , Katou K. , Asahina T. , Banno T. , Yamada Y. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe surface modification of pure aluminum particles by coating them in their self‐convective motion with pure tin using DC(direct current) sputter‐deposition technique was examined, in order to prepare AlSn composite powder and thereby to improve the sintering of the aluminum particles, aiming at the development of highly structure‐controlled porous aluminum materials by space‐holder method combined with ordinary powder metallurgy processing. The effects of the sputter deposition of tin on porous structure and mechanical properties of the sintered porous aluminum materials were investigated. According to electron probe micro‐analyzer (EPMA) analysis, it was confirmed that the obtained particles were coated with the tin deposits. According to differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, it was found that the average thickness of the tin film for the Al powder with an average particle size of 10 µm could be estimated to be around 10 nm from its endothermic calorie. Next, the preparation of presintered compacts was carried out using the obtained AlSn composite powder in ordinary powder metallurgy processing. It was found that the mechanical durability of the presintered compacts obtained after heating up to the removing temperature (400 °C) for the sublimation of resinous spacer materials was improved by the sputter deposition. Furthermore, the fabrication of porous aluminum materials was carried out by space‐holder method combined with ordinary powder metallurgy processing using the AlSn composite powder. It was found that the porous structure of the sintered porous aluminum materials with the porosity 80% was better regulated by the sputter deposition, compared to that without the deposition. Therefore it was concluded that the nano‐order thick tin deposits could improve the porous‐structure controllability for fabricating sintered highly porous aluminum materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of multiple imputation for missing covariate data within the context of regression relative survival analysis
Authors: Giorgi Roch , Belot Aurélien , Gaudart Jean , Launoy Guy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRelative survival assesses the effects of prognostic factors on disease‐specific mortality when the cause of death is uncertain or unavailable. It provides an estimate of patients' survival, allowing for the effects of other independent causes of death. Regression‐based relative survival models are commonly used in population‐based studies to model the effects of some prognostic factors and to estimate net survival. Most often, studies focus on routinely collected prognostic factors for which the proportion of missing values is usually low (around 5 per cent). However, in some cases, additional factors are collected with a greater proportion of missingness. In the present article, we systematically assess the performance of multiple imputation in regression analysis of relative survival through a series of simulation experiments. According to the assumptions concerning the missingness mechanism (completely at random, at random, and not at random) and the missingness pattern (monotone, non‐monotone), several strategies were considered and compared: all cases analysis, complete cases analysis, missing data indicator analysis, and multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) analysis. We showed that MICE performs well in estimating the hazard ratios and the baseline hazard function when the missing mechanism is missing at random (MAR) conditionally on the vital status. In the situations where the missing mechanism was not MAR conditionally on vital status, complete case behaves consistently. As illustration, we used data of the French Cancer Registries on relative survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using scrum in a globally distributed project: a case study
Authors: Paasivaara Maria , Durasiewicz Sandra , Lassenius Casper 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhile seemingly incompatible, combining global software development and agile practices is a challenge undertaken by many companies. Case study reports on the successful use of agile practices in small distributed projects already exist. How these practices can be applied to larger projects, however, remains unstudied. This paper reports a case study on agile practices in a 40‐person development organization distributed between Norway and Malaysia. Based on seven interviews in the development organization, we describe how scrum practices were successfully applied, e.g. using teleconferencing and web cameras for daily scrum meetings, synchronized 4‐week sprints, weekly scrum‐of‐scrums, and Jira for backlog management. Non‐scrum agile practices included nightly builds, automated testing, and team rooms. Supportig global software development practices, e.g. frequent visits, unofficial distributed meetings, domain expert networks, and annual gatherings are described. Positive experiences of using scrum included improved communication, trust and motivation, as well as better perceived quality. Challenges included misunderstood requirements, lack of videoconferencing possibilities, and awkward communication in distributed meetings due to cultural and geographical distance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hollaenderbruecke – Economic and architecturally sophisticated design employing steel and GFRP
Authors: Sobek Werner , Trumpf Heiko , Stork Lena , Weidler Nik 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn the last decades there has been a remarkable discrepancy between economic footbridges and architectural design. In particular, local authorities with a limited budget prefer simple structures. Furthermore, foundations, abutments and piers are mostly erected by the main contractor dealing only with concrete. Steel and composite structures allow for ambitious designs. However, they are often considered as expensive structures entailing high maintenance costs. Consequently, most conventional footbridges are built as precast and prestressed concrete structures. In these cases, economy often prevails over aesthetics. However, as this paper demonstrates, both interests can be united by in‐novative material combinations such as steel and GFRP (glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymers).This paper deals with newly developed pedestrian/cyclist bridges employing steel girders with GFRPdecks and the design of the new FBD300 bridge deck. It demonstrates that there need not be any contradiction between an economic structure and a sophisticated design. The ‘Hollaenderbruecke’ in Reinbek near Hamburg has a total length of 98.0m. It is the first bridge in Germany to use the innovative combination of steel and the new FBD300 deck made of GFRP.
Roy G. Johnston (1914–2008)
Authors: Quadri Nicolino G. Delli 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRoy G. Johnston, fellow Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council (LATBSDC) member, and major contributor to the structural engineering design profession and evolution of modern seismic codes, influenced the design of numerous buildings in Los Angeles and Southern California. Serving as inspirational mentor and role model, he was well respected by his fellow LATBSDC members who learned greatly from his experience. Roy G. Johnston passed away in March, 2008—he will be sorely missed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structure of a Hexameric Silver and Tetrameric Gold Aminopyridinates
Authors: Glatz Germund , Motz Günter , Kempe Rhett 
Published: November 2008

Abstract4‐Methyl‐2‐((trimethylsilyl)amino)pyridine (ApTMSH) was synthesized via a salt metathesis reaction. Lithiation of ApTMSH with n‐BuLi afforded the transmetallation agent [(ApTMS)2Li2(OEt2)2] (1) which was structurally characterized. Reaction of 1 with AgCl and [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) at low temperatures in THF yielded homoleptic aminopyridinates of the heavier group 11 metals, namely [(ApTMS)6Ag6] (2) and [(ApTMS)4Au4] (3a and b) after work‐up in hexane. All compounds were characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The quality of the structure determination of 3a allows establishing the connectivity only. The lithium complex 1 shows the expected structure from analogous compounds. The hexameric silver compound shows a new structural motif for silver aminopyridinates. The six‐membered ring of silver atoms has a chair conformation. Compounds 3a and b are the first homoleptic gold aminopyridinates and exhibit a rhombic arrangement of the four gold atoms.