bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modes of the Dark Ages 21 cm field accessible to a lunar radio interferometer
Authors: Bull Philip , Guandalin Caroline , Addis Chris 
Published: March 2024

At redshifts beyondz≳30, the 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen is expected to be essentially the only viable probe of the three-dimensional matter distribution. The lunar far-side is an extremely appealing site for future radio arrays that target this signal, as it is protected from terrestrial radio frequency interference, and has no ionosphere to attenuate and absorb radio emission at low frequencies (tens of MHz and below). We forecast the sensitivity of low-frequency lunar radio arrays to the bispectrum of the 21 cm brightness temperature field, which can in turn be used to probe primordial non-Gaussianity generated by particular early universe models. We account for the loss of particular regions of Fourier space due to instrumental limitations and systematic effects, and predict the sensitivity of different representative array designs to local-type non-Gaussianity in the bispectrum, parametrized byfNL. Under the most optimistic assumption of sample variance-limited observations, we find thatσ(fNL)≲0.01could be achieved for several broad redshift bins atz≳30if foregrounds can be removed effectively. These values degrade to betweenσ(fNL)∼0.03and 0.7 forz=30toz=170, respectively, when a large foreground wedge region is excluded.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.
Modelling science return from the lunar crater radio telescope on the far side of the moon
Authors: Pisanti Dario , Goel Ashish , Gupta Gaurangi , Arya Manan , Byron Benjamin , Chahat Nacer , Lazio Joseph , Goldsmith Paul , Bandyopadhyay Saptarshi 
Published: March 2024

The era following the separation of CMB photons from matter, until the emergence of the first stars and galaxies, is known as the Cosmic Dark Ages. Studying the electromagnetic radiation emitted by neutral hydrogen having the 21 cm rest wavelength is the only way to explore this significant phase in the Universe’s history, offering opportunities to investigate essential questions about dark matter physics, the standard cosmological model and inflation. Due to cosmological redshift, this signal is now only observable at frequencies inaccessible from the Earth’s surface due to ionospheric absorption and reflection. With the Lunar Crater Radio Telescope (LCRT), we aim to conduct unprecedented measurements of the sky-averaged redshifted signal spectrum in the 4.7–47 MHz band, by deploying a 350 m diameter parabolic reflector mesh inside a lunar crater on the far side of the Moon and suspending a receiver at its focus. This work discusses the feasibility of the LCRT science goals through the development of a science model, with emphasis on post-processing techniques to extract the Dark Ages signal from the galactic foreground dominating the expected raw data. This model can be used to vary critical instrument and mission parameters to understand their effect on the quality of the retrieved signal.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.
Potential and perils: paths to protecting lunar sites of extraordinary scientific importance (SESIs) for astronomy before it is too late
Authors: Krolikowski Alanna , Elvis Martin 
Published: March 2024

The Moon presents unique opportunities for high-impact astronomy that could enhance our understanding of our solar system, the possibility of life beyond Earth, and the evolution of the universe. A handful of locations on the lunar surface are ‘sites of extraordinary scientific importance’ (SESIs) for such studies, presenting opportunities for astronomical research unmatched anywhere else. For instance, the farside of the Moon, the most radio-quiet location in the inner solar system, could allow for the emplacement of telescopes to study the cosmic Dark Ages in ways that are impossible elsewhere. However, we are also on the cusp of a broader lunar renaissance. A flurry of upcoming missions, both scientific and non-scientific, will target some of these very same sites and threatens to degrade their value to science. Protecting these sites is an urgent matter. Two major international efforts to create rules for activities on the Moon are afoot, but so far neither emphasizes protecting SESIs. To safeguard the exceptional scientific opportunities on the Moon, astronomers should engage these international rulemaking efforts and steer them towards ensuring the preservation of SESIs for research and discovery. We propose elements of a programme of action to adopt during a crucial, but closing, window.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.
X-ray astronomy from the lunar surface
Authors: Gandhi Poshak 
Published: March 2024

Motivated by efforts to return humanity to the Moon, three cases are reviewed for X-ray astronomy from the lunar surface: (i) facilitation of ambitious engineering designs including high-throughput telescopes, long focal length optics and X-ray interferometery; (ii) occultation studies and the gain they enable in astrometric precision; and (iii) multi-messenger time-domain coordinated observations. The potential benefits of, and challenges presented by, operating from the Moon are discussed. Some of these cases have relatively low mass budgets and could be conducted as early pathfinders, while others are more ambitious and will likely need to await improvements in technology or well-developed lunar bases.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.
Unveiling the control of N and P on DOM fate in a Mediterranean coastal environment
Authors: Dignan Clara , Lenoble Véronique , Santinelli Chiara , Bachi Giancarlo , Dang Duc Huy , Garcia Nicole , Misson Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) and heterotrophic prokaryotes (HP) are key players in the oceanic carbon cycle. Although several biotic and abiotic factors controlling DOM fates are known, the hierarchy of their respective influences is still debated. Two contrasting Mediterranean coastal sites were sampled: a harbour under strong continental and anthropogenic influence (T) and an open coastal area (G). Interestingly, similar dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were observed in both samples. However, they showed marked differences in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and organic phosphorus concentrations (60-fold and 80% higher value in T), as well as in DOM optical properties and molecular composition. Incubation experiments were performed to expose the HP communities of each site to dissolved substances from T and G for three weeks. DOC removal was similar (−10 %) regardless HP origin and dissolved substances characteristics. HP growth and their maximal abundance were higher (+ 300 %) with dissolved substances from T, regardless HP origins. This indicates different fates of DOC processed by microbial communities as a function of abiotic determinants. Higher HP growth was associated to elevated initial content and higher consumption of inorganic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, three fluorescent DOM components, nitrogen-containing molecules and carbohydrates. These results provide insights into the main drivers of marine DOM fate: at similar DOC concentrations and low inorganic P concentrations. We evience the preferential consumption of lignin-like compounds where theoretically more labile molecules were available, thus reinforcing the need of in depth molecular studies for a better understanding of DOM-microbes interactions in the ocean.
Machine learning predicts lifespan and underlying causes of death in agingC. elegans
Authors: Kern Carina C. , Manescu Petru , Cuffaro Matt , Au Catherine , Zhang Aihan , Wang Hongyuan , Gilliat Ann F. , Ezcurra Marina , Gems David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSenescence (aging) leads to senescent pathology that causes death, and genes control aging by determining such pathology. Here we investigate how senescent pathology mediates the effect of genotype on lifespan inC. elegansby means of a data-driven approach, using machine learning (ML). To achieve this we gathered extensive data on how diverse determinants of lifespan (sex, nutrition, genotype) affect patterns of age-related pathology. Our findings show that different life-extending treatments result in distinct patterns of suppression of senescent pathology. By analysing the differential effects on pathology and lifespan, our ML models were able to predict >70% of lifespan variation. Extent of pathology in the pharynx and intestine were the most important predictors of lifespan, arguing that elderlyC. elegansdie in part due to late-life disease in these organs. Notably, the mid-life pathogenetic burst characteristic of hermaphrodite senescence is absent from males.
RBM39 degrader invigorates natural killer cells to eradicate neuroblastoma despite cancer cell plasticity
Authors: Singh Shivendra , Fang Jie , Jin Hongjian , Van de Velde Lee-Ann , Wu Qiong , Cortes Andrew , Morton Christopher L. , Woolard Mary A. , Quarni Waise , Steele Jacob A. , Connelly Jon P. , He Liusheng , Thorne Rebecca , Turner Gregory , Confer Thomas , Johnson Melissa , Caufield William V. , Freeman Burgess B. , Lockey Timothy , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Wang Ruoning , Davidoff Andrew M. , Thomas Paul G. , Yang Jun 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe cellular plasticity of neuroblastoma is defined by a mixture of two major cell states, adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES), which may contribute to therapy resistance. However, how neuroblastoma cells switch cellular states during therapy remains largely unknown and how to eradicate neuroblastoma regardless of their cell states is a clinical challenge. To better understand the lineage switch of neuroblastoma in chemoresistance, we comprehensively defined the transcriptomic and epigenetic map of ADRN and MES types of neuroblastomas using human and murine models treated with indisulam, a selective RBM39 degrader. We showed that cancer cells not only undergo a bidirectional switch between ADRN and MES states, but also acquire additional cellular states, reminiscent of the developmental pliancy of neural crest cells. The lineage alterations are coupled with epigenetic reprogramming and dependency switch of lineage–specific transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers and targetable kinases. Through targeting RNA splicing, indisulam induces an inflammatory tumor microenvironment and enhances anticancer activity of natural killer cells. The combination of indisulam with anti-GD2 immunotherapy results in a durable, complete response in high-risk transgenic neuroblastoma models, providing an innovative, rational therapeutic approach to eradicate tumor cells regardless of their potential to switch cell states.
Signal-independent activation reveals two-component regulatory networks
Authors: Claverie Cosme , Coppolino Francesco , Mazzuoli Maria-Vittoria , Guyonnet Cécile , Jacquemet Elise , Legendre Rachel , Sismeiro Odile , De Gaetano Giuseppe Valerio , Teti Giuseppe , Trieu-Cuot Patrick , Tazi Asmaa , Beninati Concetta , Firon Arnaud 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTEach bacterial species has specific regulatory systems to control physiology, adaptation, and host interactions. One challenge posed by this diversity is to define the evolving gene regulatory networks. This study aims to characterise two-component systems (TCS) inStreptococcus agalactiae, the main cause of neonatal meningitis. Here we demonstrate signal-independent activation of signalling pathways by systematically targeting the conserved mechanism of phosphatase activity of the 14 histidine kinases of the two main TCS families. Transcriptomic analysis resolves most pathways with high resolution, encompassing specialized, connected, and global regulatory systems. The activated network notably reveals the connection between CovRS and SaeRS signaling through the adhesin PbsP, linking the main regulators of host interactions to balance pathogenicity. Additionally, constitutive activation of the BceRS system reveals its role in cell envelope homeostasis beyond antimicrobial resistance. Overall, this study demonstrates the generalizability and versatility of TCS genetic activation to uncover regulatory logics and biological processes.
Detecting microbiome species unique or enriched in 20+ cancer types and building cancer microbiome heterogeneity networks
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) , Li Lianwei , Mei Jiandong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is postulated that tumor tissue microbiome is one of the enabling characteristics that either promote or suppress cancer cells and tumors to acquire certain hallmarks (functional traits) of cancers, which highlights their critical importance to carcinogenesis, cancer progression and therapy responses. However, characterizing the tumor microbiomes is extremely challenging because of their low biomass and severe difficulties in controlling laboratory-borne contaminants, which is further aggravated by lack of comprehensively effective computational approaches to identify unique or enriched microbial species associated with cancers. Here we take advantages of two recent computational advances, one by Pooreet al(2020,Nature) that computationally generated the microbiome datasets of 33 cancer types [of 10481 patients, including primary tumor (PT), solid normal tissue (NT), and blood samples] from whole-genome and whole-transcriptome data deposited in “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA), another termed “specificity diversity framework” (SDF) developed recently by Ma (2023). By reanalyzing Poore’s datasets with the SDF framework, further augmented with complex network analysis, we produced the following catalogues of microbial species (archaea, bacteria and viruses) with statistical rigor including unique species (USs) and enriched species (ESs) in PT, NT, or blood tissues. We further reconstructed species specificity network (SSN) and cancer microbiome heterogeneity network (CHN) to identify core/periphery network structures, from which we gain insights on the codependency of microbial species distribution on landscape of cancer types, which seems to suggest that the codependency appears to be universal across all cancer types.
Surface Hydrophilicity Promotes Bacterial Twitching Motility
Authors: O’Hara Megan T. , Shimozono Tori M. , Dye Keane J. , Harris David , Yang Zhaomin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwitching motility is a form of bacterial surface translocation powered by the type IV pilus (T4P). It is frequently analyzed by interstitial colony expansion between agar and the polystyrene surfaces of Petri dishes. In such assays, the twitching motility ofAcinetobacter nosocomialiswas observed with MacConkey but not Luria-Bertani (LB) agar media. One difference between these two media is the presence of bile salts as a selective agent in MacConkey but not in LB. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of bile salts to LB allowedA. nosocomialisto display twitching. Similarly, bile salts enhanced the twitching ofAcinetobacter baumanniiandPseudomonas aeruginosain LB. These observations suggest that there is a common mechanism whereby bile salts enhance bacterial twitching and promote interstitial colony expansion. Bile salts disrupt lipid membranes and apply envelope stress as detergents. Surprisingly, their stimulatory effect on twitching appears not to be related to a bacterial physiological response to stressors. Rather it is due to their ability to alter the physicochemical properties of a twitching surface. We observed that while other detergents promoted twitching like bile salts, stresses applied by antibiotics, including the outer membrane-targeting polymyxin B, did not enhanced twitching motility. More importantly, bacteria displayed increased twitching on hydrophilic surfaces such as those of glass and tissue culture-treated polystyrene plastics, and bile salts no longer stimulated twitching on these surfaces. Together, our results show that altering the hydrophilicity of a twitching surface significantly impacts T4P functionality.ImportanceThe bacterial type IV pilus (T4P) is a critical virulence factor for many medically important pathogens, some of which are prioritized by the World Health Organization for their high levels of antibiotic resistance. The T4P is known to propel bacterial twitching motility, providing a convenient assay for T4P functionality. Here, we show that bile salts and other detergents augment the twitching of multiple bacterial pathogens. We identified the underlying mechanism as the alteration of surface hydrophilicity by detergents. Consequently, hydrophilic surfaces such as those of glass or plasma-treated polystyrene promote bacterial twitching, bypassing the requirement for detergents. The implication is that surface properties, such as those of tissues and medical implants, significantly impact the functionality of bacterial T4P as a virulence determinant. This offers valuable insights for developing countermeasures against the colonization and infection by bacterial pathogens of critical importance to human health on a global scale.
CMG helicase disassembly is essential and driven by two pathways in budding yeast
Authors: Rivera Cristian Polo , Deegan Tom D. , Labib Karim P.M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe CMG helicase is the metastable core of the eukaryotic replisome and is ubiquitylated and disassembled during DNA replication termination. Fungi and animals use different enzymes to ubiquitylate the Mcm7 subunit of CMG, indicating that CMG ubiquitylation arose repeatedly during eukaryotic evolution. Until now, it was unclear whether cells also have ubiquitin-independent pathways for helicase disassembly and whether CMG disassembly is essential for cell viability. Using reconstituted assays with budding yeast CMG, we generated themcm7-10Rallele that compromises ubiquitylation by SCFDia2.mcm7-10Rdelays helicase disassemblyin vivo, driving genome instability in the next cell cycle. These data indicate that defective CMG ubiquitylation explains the major phenotypes of cells lacking Dia2. Notably, the viability ofmcm7-10Randdia2Δis dependent upon the related Rrm3 and Pif1 DNA helicases that have orthologues in all eukaryotes. We show that Rrm3 acts during S-phase to disassemble old CMG complexes from the previous cell cycle. These findings indicate that CMG disassembly is essential in yeast cells and suggest that Pif1-family helicases might have mediated CMG disassembly in ancestral eukaryotes.
Design of a sequestration-based network with tunable pulsing dynamics
Authors: Nakamura Eiji , Cuba Samaniego Christian , Blanchini Franco , Giordano Giulia , Franco Elisa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncoherent feedforward networks exhibit the ability to generate temporal pulse behavior. However, exerting control over specific dynamic properties, such as amplitude and rise time, poses a challenge and is intricately tied to the network’s implementation. In this study, we focus on analyzing sequestration-based networks capable of exhibiting pulse behavior. By employing time-scale separation in the fast sequestration regime, we approximate the temporal dynamics of these networks. This approach allows us to establish a mapping that elucidates the impact of varying the kinetic rates and pulse specifications, including amplitude and rise time. Furthermore, we introduce a positive feedback mechanism to regulate the amplitude of the pulsing response.
Infant multinationals venturing into distant markets: How do Polish firms enact opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Wąsowska Aleksandra , Obłój Krzysztof 
Published: March 2024

PurposeWe wanted to find out how infant multinationals originating from Poland enact opportunities in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a comparative case study of four Polish firms operating in SSA.FindingsWe found that when entering SSA, studied firms employed effectual decision-making logic. Thus, their internationalization was means-driven, serendipitous, partnership-oriented, based on the “affordable loss” principle and focused on shaping opportunities in SSA, rather than predicting, analyzing and planning any firm-specific assets or capabilities.Originality/valueWe illuminated the nature of the means employed in effectual internationalization and the role of partners (“effectual stakeholders”) in this process. Thus, we contribute to a deeper understanding of how infant multinationals navigate extreme uncertainty in the emerging SSA markets.
Automatic lift path planning of prefabricated building components using semantic BIM, improved A* and GA
Authors: Chen Keyu , You Beiyu , Zhang Yanbo , Chen Zhengyi 
Published: March 2024

PurposePrefabricated building has been widely applied in the construction industry all over the world, which can significantly reduce labor consumption and improve construction efficiency compared with conventional approaches. During the construction of prefabricated buildings, the overall efficiency largely depends on the lifting sequence and path of each prefabricated component. To improve the efficiency and safety of the lifting process, this study proposes a framework for automatically optimizing the lifting path of prefabricated building components using building information modeling (BIM), improved 3D-A* and a physic-informed genetic algorithm (GA).Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the industry foundation class (IFC) schema for prefabricated buildings is established to enrich the semantic information of BIM. After extracting corresponding component attributes from BIM, the models of typical prefabricated components and their slings are simplified. Further, the slings and elements’ rotations are considered to build a safety bounding box. Secondly, an efficient 3D-A* is proposed for element path planning by integrating both safety factors and variable step size. Finally, an efficient GA is designed to obtain the optimal lifting sequence that satisfies physical constraints.FindingsThe proposed optimization framework is validated in a physics engine with a pilot project, which enables better understanding. The results show that the framework can intuitively and automatically generate the optimal lifting path for each type of prefabricated building component. Compared with traditional algorithms, the improved path planning algorithm significantly reduces the number of nodes computed by 91.48%, resulting in a notable decrease in search time by 75.68%.Originality/valueIn this study, a prefabricated component path planning framework based on the improved A* algorithm and GA is proposed for the first time. In addition, this study proposes a safety-bounding box that considers the effects of torsion and slinging of components during lifting. The semantic information of IFC for component lifting is enriched by taking into account lifting data such as binding positions, lifting methods, lifting angles and lifting offsets.