bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the effects of electromagnetic field modification on egg-laying hens in commercial flocks as indicated by production measures
Authors: Keirs Robert W. , Peebles Edgar D. , Sarjeant Walter J. , Gerard Patrick D. , Terner Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the effects of electromagnetic (EM) field modification by use of Nufield EM field modification (NEFM) units on egg-laying hens in commercial flocks as indicated by production measures, including hen-day mortality rate (HDMR) and eggs per hen housed (EHH).Animals—16 commercial flocks of egg-laying hens.Procedure—5 caged commercial table egg layer flocks (Single Comb White Leghorns) successively housed at the same location during a 6-year period were exposed to NEFM. There were 7 hens/cage (317 cm2of floor space/bird). At the same site, 11 concurrent non–NEFM-exposed flocks (4 genetically different strains) were sequentially housed. All 16 flocks underwent the same feed and management practices. For each NEFM- and non–NEFM-exposed flock, HDMR and EHH were compared with their respective national breeder goals (BG), defined as the reasonable genetic potential expressed under optimal management and environmental conditions. Furthermore, the HDMRs and EHHs of the NEFM- and non–NEFM-exposed flocks were compared.Results—Mean HDMR and EHH of the NEFMexposed flocks was 36.9% less and 4.96% greater than the relevant BG, respectively. Mean HDMR and EHH of the non–NEFM-exposed flocks was 12.6% and 0.49% greater than the relevant BG, respectively. Compared with the 11 non–NEFM-exposed flocks, the NEFM-exposed flocks collectively had a 47.6% decrease in HDMR and 1.33% increase in EHH.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results strongly suggest that application of NEFM in commercial egg-layer flocks improves production measures, which has important welfare implications as well as gross economic advantage. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1425–1429)
Comparison of arterial pressure waveform analysis with the lithium dilution technique to monitor cardiac output in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Chen Hui Cheng , Sinclair Melissa D , Dyson Doris H. , McDonell Wayne N. , Sears William C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess agreement between arterial
pressure waveform–derived cardiac output (PCO) and
lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) systems in
measurements of various levels of cardiac output
(CO) induced by changes in anesthetic depth and
administration of inotropic drugs in dogs.

Animals—6 healthy dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions
separated by at least 5 days. Inotropic drug administration
(dopamine or dobutamine) was randomly
assigned in a crossover manner. Following initial calibration
of PCO measurements with a LiDCO measurement,
4 randomly assigned treatments were
administered to vary CO; subsequently, concurrent
pairs of PCO and LiDCO measurements were
obtained. Treatments included a light plane of anesthesia,
deep plane of anesthesia, continuous infusion
of an inotropic drug (rate adjusted to achieve a mean
arterial pressure of 65 to 80 mm Hg), and continuous
infusion of an inotropic drug (7 µg/kg/min).

Results—Significant differences in PCO and LiDCO
measurements were found during deep planes of
anesthesia and with dopamine infusions but not during
the light plane of anesthesia or with dobutamine
infusions. The PCO system provided higher CO measurements
than the LiDCO system during deep
planes of anesthesia but lower CO measurements
during dopamine infusions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The PCO system
tracked changes in CO in a similar direction as
the LiDCO system. The PCO system provided better
agreement with LiDCO measurements over time
when hemodynamic conditions were similar to those
during initial calibration. Recalibration of the PCO system
is recommended when hemodynamic conditions
or pressure waveforms are altered appreciably. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1430–1436)
Plasma pharmacokinetics and synovial fluid concentrations after oral administration of single and multiple doses of celecoxib in Greyhounds
Authors: Hunter Robert P , Radlinsky MaryAnn , Koch David E , Corse Matthew , Pellerin Marie A. , Halstead Jennifer 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and synovial fluid concentrations after oral administration of single and multiple doses of celecoxib in Greyhounds.Animals—7 adult Greyhounds.Procedure—Dogs received celecoxib (median dose, 11.8 mg/kg [range, 11.5 to 13.6 mg/kg], PO, q 24 h) for 10 days. Blood samples were collected prior to administration of celecoxib and serially for 24 hours after the 1st and 10th doses were administered. A synovial joint catheter was placed into a stifle joint in each dog for collection of synovial fluid samples. Concentrations of celecoxib in plasma and synovial fluid were quantified by use of a validated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Identification of hydroxy- and carboxyl-celecoxib in plasma and synovial fluid was also performed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use of noncompartmental analysis.Results—Administration of multiple doses of celecoxib resulted in a significant decrease (40%) in median area under the curve (AUC) values and a corresponding decrease in median maximum concentrations (Cmax; 2,620 to 2,032 ng/mL) between the 1st and 10th doses. Synovial fluid concentrations were less than the corresponding plasma concentrations at all times except 24 hours after administration of the 10th dose of celecoxib.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Celecoxib distributes into the synovial fluid of Greyhounds. Although the exact mechanism for the decreases in AUC and Cmaxis not known, results suggested that the plasma pharmacokinetics of celecoxib are different after administration of multiple doses in Greyhounds. These findings warrant further investigation on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of celecoxib in Greyhounds and other breeds of dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1441–1445)
Evaluation of calciotropic hormones in cats with odontoclastic resorptive lesions
Authors: Reiter Alexander M. , Lyon Kenneth F , Nachreiner Raymond F. , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess associations between epidemiologic and laboratory variables and calciotropic hormones in cats with odontoclastic resorptive lesions (ORLs).Animals—182 client-owned cats older than 1 year of age with oral disease.Procedure—Information on medical history, behavior, living environment, and feeding management was assessed by use of a questionnaire. After induction of general anesthesia, oral examination was performed following standardized protocols and included dental probing and full-mouth radiography. Laboratory analyses included evaluation of FeLV-FIV status, serum biochemical analyses, CBC, urinalysis, and serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), free thyroxine (fT4), and ionized calcium (iCa).Results—ORLs were identified in 72.5% of cats. Mandibular third premolars were the most commonly affected teeth. Cats with ORLs were significantly older (mean, 9.2 years) than cats without ORLs (mean, 6.6 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that 25-OHD, urine specific gravity, jaw-opening reflex on probing, and missing teeth were significant variables, even after accounting for age. Cats with ORLs had significantly higher mean serum concentration of 25-OHD (112.4 nmol/L) and significantly lower mean urine specific gravity (1.0263), compared with cats without ORLs (89.8 nmol/L and 1.0366, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results did not indicate associations between iPTH, PTHrP, or fT4and development of ORLs. In affected cats, the importance of high serum 25-OHD and low urine specific gravity has not been determined. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1446–1452)
Evaluation of a questionnaire regarding nonphysical aspects of quality of life in sick and healthy dogs
Authors: Wojciechowska Janina I. , Hewson Caroline J. , Stryhn Henrik , Guy Norma C. , Patronek Gary J. , Timmons Vianne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the ability of a questionnaire regarding the nonphysical aspects of quality of life (QOL) to differentiate sick and healthy dogs.Animals—120 dogs.Procedure—The questionnaire was administered by telephone to owners of 120 dogs with appointments at a veterinary teaching hospital. A QOL score was calculated for each dog on the basis of questions relevant to the dog during the 7 days before the interview. Scores were recorded as bar graphs, and linear regression was used to examine the effect of health status and other variables on QOL score. Certain questions were eliminated post hoc, on the basis of defined criteria, and the analyses were repeated.Results—Scores were similar for sick (range, 67.0% to 93.8%) and healthy (range, 68.0% to 89.8%) dogs. Environment (suburban vs rural) and duration of ownership were significant explanatory variables and accounted for 10.5% of the variation in the QOL score. Eleven questions were eliminated post hoc. The scores derived from the 2 versions of the questionnaire were highly correlated (r= 0.92).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—There was no evidence that the QOL questionnaire could differentiate healthy dogs from sick dogs; environmental and owner factors appeared to be more important. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1461–1467)
Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine in sevoflurane-anesthetized sheep with and without nitric oxide inhalation
Authors: Kästner Sabine B. R. , Kull Susanne , Kutter Annette P. N. , Boller Jolanda , Bettschart-Wolfensberger Regula , Huhtinen Mirja K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) prevents pulmonary hypertension and improves oxygenation after IV administration of a bolus of dexmedetomidine in anesthetized sheep.Animals—6 healthy adult sheep.Procedure—In a crossover study, sevoflurane-anesthetized sheep received dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg, IV) without NO (DEX treatment) or with inhaled NO (DEX-NO treatment). Cardiopulmonary variables, including respiratory mechanics, were measured before and for 120 minutes after bolus injection of dexmedetomidine.Results—Dexmedetomidine induced a transient decrease in heart rate and cardiac output. A short-lived increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was followed by a significant decrease in MAP and SVR for 90 minutes. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance increased transiently after dexmedetomidine injection. The PaO2was significantly decreased 3 minutes after injection and reached a minimum of (mean ± SEM) 13.3 ± 7.8 kPa 10 minutes after injection. The decrease in PaO2was accompanied by a sudden and prolonged decrease in dynamic compliance and a significant increase in airway resistance, shunt fraction, and alveolar dead space. Peak changes in MPAP did not differ between the 2 treatments. For the DEX-NO treatment, PaO2was significantly lower and the shunt fraction significantly higher than for the DEX treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inhalation of NO did not prevent increases in pulmonary arterial pressures induced by IV administration of dexmedetomidine. Preemptive inhalation of NO intensified oxygenation impairment, probably through increases in intrapulmonary shunting. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1496–1502)
Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal portion of the femur in dogs with moderate osteoarthritis
Authors: Sicard Gretchen K. , Markel Mark D. , Manley Paul A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To describe the histomorphometric properties
of epiphyseal and metaphyseal trabecular bone
of the proximal portion of the femur of dogs with
moderate osteoarthritis.

Sample Population—Proximal portions of a femour
from 24 dogs.

Procedure—The proximal portion of a femur was
obtained from each dog. Eleven and thirteen specimens
were sectioned in the transverse and coronal planes,
respectively. Three evenly spaced sections from each
specimen were chosen, surface stained, and digitized,
and the stained areas were preferentially selected.
Custom software was used for histomorphometric
analysis of each section. A mixed-model analysis was
used to evaluate the effect of slice location and region on
6 parameters, and a Fisher protected t test was used
when differences were detected.

Results—There was a significant difference between
the femoral head and femoral neck for all parameters
tested. In coronal sections, the femoral neck was significantly
more anisotropic than the femoral head. In
transverse sections, the craniolateral region of the
femoral neck was significantly more anisotropic than
the caudomedial and craniomedial regions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—There is a
predictable cancellous microarchitecture in the proximal
portion of femurs from dogs with moderate
osteoarthritis. Trabeculae are more numerous, thicker,
and closer together but more randomly arranged in
the femoral head than in the femoral neck. Dogs with
moderate osteoarthritis had an increase in trabecular
anisotropy in the craniolateral region of the femoral
neck. However, there was no corresponding increase
in trabecular alignment of the proximomedial region
of the femoral head. Results support an association
between trabecular alignment and the progression of
osteoarthritis. ( Am J Vet Res 2005;66:150–155)
Effects of the omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, on lipopolysaccharide-challenged synovial explants from horses
Authors: Munsterman Amelia S. , Bertone Alicia L. , Zachos Terri A. , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of pretreatment with α-linolenic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on equine synovial explants challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Animals—8 mature mixed-breed horses (4 mares and 4 geldings).Procedure—Synovial explants were assigned to receive 1 of 7 concentrations of α-linolenic acid, ranging from 0 to 300 µg/mL. At each concentration, half of the explants were controls and half were challenged with 0.003 µg of LPS as a model of synovial inflammation. Cell inflammatory response was evaluated by measurement of prostaglandin E2production via an ELISA. Synovial cell viability, function, histomorphologic characteristics, and cell membrane composition were evaluated by use of trypan blue dye exclusion, hexuronic acid assay for hyaluronic acid, objective microscopic scoring, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively.Results—Challenge with LPS significantly increased production of prostaglandin E2and decreased production of hyaluronic acid. Treatment with α-linolenic acid at the highest dose inhibited prostaglandin E2production. Cell viability and histomorphologic characteristics were not altered by treatment with α-linolenic acid or LPS challenge. Treatment with α-linolenic acid increased the percentage of this fatty acid in the explant cell membranes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that investigation of α-linolenic acid as an anti-inflammatory medication for equine synovitis is warranted. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1503–1508)
Isolation, characterization, and expression of stromelysin-1 in primary tumors of dogs
Authors: Sorensen Kara C. , Newman Rebecca G. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Schaeffer David J. , Siegel Arthur M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To isolate and characterize the cDNA
sequence of canine stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase
[MMP]-3), screen various naturally developing
primary tumors of dogs, and assess the effect of
stromelysin-1 on survival of dogs with cancer.

Sample Population—3 canine cell lines and biopsy
specimens of primary tumors collected from 54 dogs.

Procedure—3 canine cell lines and biopsy specimens
of primary tumors collected from 54 dogs at the
University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital were
used in the study. Primer sets based on human
stromelysin-1 and consensus sequences were
designed for expression, screening, and isolation. Two
additional primer sets were designed for screening.
Samples were assayed at least in duplicate. Data
were analyzed for differences in expression of
stromelysin-1 on the basis of sex, age, metastasis,
malignant versus nonmalignant tissue origin, and
duration of patient survival.

Results—A 1,479-bp cDNA nucleotide sequence was
amplified from established canine cell lines. The open
reading frame encoded a protein consisting of 478
amino acids. This sequence was 70% to 88% homologous
with stromelysin-1 of other species at the
amino acid level. Fifty-four samples were screened
for stromelysin-1. Of these, 34 (63%) had positive
results and 20 (37%) had negative results for expression.
Stromelysin-1 and metastasis were associated
with a poor prognosis for survival.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Stromelysin-1
is a potential activator of other members of the MMP
family. Additional studies are needed to investigate
the relationship between stromelysin-1 production
and aggressive biological behavior of tumors in dogs.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1526–1535)
In vitro biomechanical comparison of a plate-rod combination–construct and an interlocking nail–construct for experimentally induced gap fractures in canine tibiae
Authors: Pfeil Dirsko J. F. von , Déjardin Loïc M. , DeCamp Charles E. , Meyer Eric G. , Lansdowne Jennifer L. , Weerts Robin J. H. , Haut Roger C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare structural properties of a plate-rod combination–bone construct (PRCbc) and interlocking nail–bone construct (ILNbc) by use of an experimentally induced gap fracture in canine tibiae.Sample Population—12 paired canine tibiae.Procedure—Specimens were implanted with a plate-rod combination consisting of a 3.5-mm, limited-contact, dynamic-compression plate combined with an intramedullary rod or 6-mm interlocking nail. Ostectomy (removal of 10-mm segment) was performed. Paired constructs were loaded for bending, compression, or torsion measurements (4 constructs/group). Compliance was determined by fitting regression lines to the load-position curves at low (initial compliance) and high (terminal compliance) loads.Results—Bending compliances did not differ significantly between constructs. For the ILNbc, initial compliance was greater than terminal compliance in compression and torsion. Initial compliance and terminal compliance for the PRCbc were similar in compression and torsion. Initial compliance in compression and torsion was greater for the ILNbc, compared with initial compliance for the PRCbc. Maximum deformations in bending and compression were similar between constructs; however, maximum torsional angle was significantly greater for the ILNbc, compared with values for the PRCbc.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The study documented that for an experimentally induced gap fracture in canine tibiae, a plate-rod combination is a significantly less compliant fixation method in torsion and compression, compared with an interlocking nail. Considering the deleterious effects of torsional deformation on bone healing, a plate-rod combination may represent a biomechanically superior fixation method, compared with an interlocking nail, for the treatment of dogs with comminuted tibial diaphyseal fractures. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1536–1543)
Pulmonary arterial disease in cats seropositive for Dirofilaria immitis but lacking adult heartworms in the heart and lungs
Authors: Browne Leanne E. , Carter Todd D. , Levy Julie K. , Snyder Patti S. , Johnson Calvin M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the prevalence and severity
of pulmonary arterial lesions in cats seropositive for
heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) but lacking adult
heartworms in the heart and lungs during necropsy.

Animals—630 adult cats from an animal control shelter
in Florida.

Procedure—Cats were tested for adult heartworms
in the heart and pulmonary arteries and antibody
against heartworms in the serum. Histologic examination
was conducted on the right caudal lung lobe of
24 heartworm- and antibody-positive cats; 24 heartworm-negative and antibody-positive cats; and 24
heartworm-, antibody-, and antigen-negative cats.
Wall areas of 10 small to medium-sized pulmonary
arteries of each cat were measured and expressed as
a proportion of total cross-sectional area.

Results—Heartworm infection or seropositive status
was significantly and strongly associated with severity
of medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial walls.
Heartworm- and antibody-positive cats and heartworm-negative and antibody-positive cats had a significant
increase in wall thickness, compared with
wall thickness for heartworm- and antibody-negative
cats. Heartworm- and antibody-positive cats had the
most severe hypertrophy. The proportion with occlusive
medial hypertrophy was significantly higher in
heartworm- and antibody-positive cats (19/24 [79%])
and heartworm-negative and antibody-positive cats
(12/24 [50%]), compared with heartworm- and antibody-negative cats (3/24 [13%]).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats with
serologic evidence of exposure to heartworms,
including those without adult heartworms in the lungs
and heart, have a greater prevalence of pulmonary
arterial lesions than heartworm-negative cats without
serologic evidence of exposure. Additional studies are
needed to define the pathogenesis, specificity, and
clinical importance of these lesions. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:1544–1549)
Relative sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction assays used for detection of feline herpesvirus type 1 DNA in clinical samples and commercial vaccines
Authors: Maggs David J. , Clarke Heather E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine relative detection rates and detection limits for 6 published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays used for detection of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) DNA.Sample Population—5 vaccines licensed for use in preventing FHV-1–associated disease; 15 conjunctival biopsy specimens collected from cats with keratitis, conjunctivitis, or both; and a plaque-purified field isolate of FHV-1 cultured in vitro.Procedure—Vaccines and clinical samples were assessed for FHV-1 DNA by use of all 6 assays. Detection rates were calculated by assuming that any sample in which FHV-1 DNA was detected was a true-positive result. Detection limits were estimated by use of serial dilutions of DNA extracted from cultured FHV-1 and 1 clinical sample.Results—Testing by use of all 6 assays resulted in detection of FHV-1 DNA in all 5 vaccines. Testing by use of all 6 assays yielded concordant results for 9 of 15 conjunctival biopsy specimens (8 with negative results and 1 with a positive result). Calculated detection rates for clinical samples ranged from 29% to 86%. Assay sensitivity was ranked similarly by use of detection rate or detection limit.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Testing by use of all assays was equally likely to detect vaccine virus. Therefore, a positive PCR result in a cat may reflect vaccine virus rather than wild-type virus. Test sensitivity as assessed by detection limits and detection rates varied greatly. Because FHV-1 can be shed in clinically normal animals, high detection rate will not necessarily correlate with high diagnostic sensitivity. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1550–1555)