bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic input from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body to cochlear root neurons in rats
Authors: Gómez‐Nieto Ricardo , Rubio María E. , López Dolores E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBrain stem pathways are essential for the modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by sounds; nevertheless, the neural circuits that convey fast auditory information to the primary acoustic startle circuit are still unclear. In the rat, cochlear root neurons (CRNs) comprise the first component of the primary acoustic startle circuit and are critical in the initiation and full expression of the acoustic startle reflex. To determine whether CRNs receive auditory descending inputs, we developed tract‐tracing studies combined with immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, morphometry, and confocal microscopy. Either FluoroGold or biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) injections in CRNs showed retrogradely labeled neurons in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB). We verified the projection to CRNs by injecting BDA into the VNTB. Our results showed that neurons from VNTB project bilaterally and directly to CRNs, giving off numerous endings onto cell bodies and preferentially dendrites of CRNs. Electron microscopy analysis of labeled VNTB terminals demonstrated that they made multiple symmetric synapses and contained small round vesicles. Colocalization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and fluorescein dextran after injection in the VNTB indicated that these terminals use acetylcholine as neurotransmitter. We also revealed that the inferior colliculus, an important nucleus mediating the auditory prepulse inhibition, projects to VNTB neurons that innervate CRNs. Our data show a novel and short descending auditory pathway from the VNTB to the first nucleus of the primary acoustic startle circuit that might play an important role in the auditory prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex elicited by sounds. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:452–468, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limbic dysregulation is associated with lowered heart rate variability and increased trait anxiety in healthy adults
Authors: Mujica‐Parodi Lilianne R. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh , Ravindranath Bosky , Greenberg Tsafrir , Tomasi Dardo , Wagshul Mark , Ardekani Babak , Guilfoyle David , Khan Shilpi , Zhong Yuru , Chon Ki , Malaspina Dolores 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:We tested whether dynamic interaction between limbic regions supports a control systems model of excitatory and inhibitory components of a negative feedback loop, and whether dysregulation of those dynamics might correlate with trait differences in anxiety and their cardiac characteristics among healthy adults.Experimental Design:Sixty‐five subjects received fMRI scans while passively viewing angry, fearful, happy, and neutral facial stimuli. Subjects also completed a trait anxiety inventory, and were monitored using ambulatory wake ECG. The ECG data were analyzed for heart rate variability, a measure of autonomic regulation. The fMRI data were analyzed with respect to six limbic regions (bilateral amygdala, bilateral hippocampus, Brodmann Areas 9, 45) using limbic time‐series cross‐correlations, maximum BOLD amplitude, and BOLD amplitude at each point in the time‐series.Principal Observations:Diminished coupling between limbic time‐series in response to the neutral, fearful, and happy faces was associated with greater trait anxiety, greater sympathetic activation, and lowered heart rate variability. Individuals with greater levels of trait anxiety showed delayed activation of Brodmann Area 45 in response to the fearful and happy faces, and lowered Brodmann Area 45 activation with prolonged left amygdala activation in response to the neutral faces.Conclusions:The dynamics support limbic regulation as a control system, in which dysregulation, as assessed by diminished coupling between limbic time‐series, is associated with increased trait anxiety and excitatory autonomic outputs. Trait‐anxious individuals showed delayed inhibitory activation in response to overt‐affect stimuli and diminished inhibitory activation with delayed extinction of excitatory activation in response to ambiguous‐affect stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
STN‐stimulation in Parkinson's disease restores striatal inhibition of thalamocortical projection
Authors: Geday Jacob , Østergaard Karen , Johnsen Erik , Gjedde Albert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) restores the inhibitory output to the striatothalamocortical loop in Parkinson's disease, we obtained functional brain images of blood flow in 10 STN‐stimulated patients with Parkinson's disease. Patients were immobile and off antiparkinsonian medication for 12 h. They were scanned with and without bilateral STN‐stimulation with a 4‐h interval between the two conditions. The order of DBS stimulation (ON or OFF) was randomized. Stimulation significantly raised regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) bilaterally in the STN and in the left nucleus lentiformis. Conversely, flow declined in the left supplementary motor area (BA 6), ventrolateral nucleus of the left thalamus, and right cerebellum. Activation of the basal ganglia and deactivation of supplementary motor area and thalamus were both correlated with the improvement of motor function. The result is consistent with the explanation that stimulation in resting patients raises output from the STN with activation of the inhibitory basal ganglia output nuclei and subsequent deactivation of the thalamic anteroventral and ventrolateral nuclei and the supplementary motor area. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between HRM avenues of political influence and perceived organizational performance
Authors: Sheehan Cathy , Cooper Brian , Holland Peter , Cieri Helen De 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the human resource management function's access to avenues of political influence and perceived organizational performance. We examine responses from 441 Australian senior HRM managers who participated in an online survey of a national HRM professional association. Drawing from political influence theory, we develop a model and related hypotheses to investigate the impact of opportunities for the HRM function to manage and control the shared meaning of HRM on perceived organizational performance. Although there was no evidence of a moderating effect of avenues of HRM political influence, CEO support and organizational support for HRM predicted perceived organizational performance. HRM representation on the board of directors appears to serve a symbolic function only. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in response to the identified importance of CEO and organizational support. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of androgen in determining differentiation and regulation of androgen receptor expression in the human prostatic epithelium transient amplifying population
Authors: Heer R. , Robson C.N. , Shenton B.K. , Leung H.Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe original article to which this erratum refers was published in J Cell Phys (2007) 212:572–578. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 283–284, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression and protein localization of calmodulin‐dependent phosphodiesterase during ontogenesis of chick retina
Authors: Deplano Stefania , Giorgi Mauro , Maccarone Rita , Santone Rocco , Nuccetelli Valeria , Basso Manuela , Bisti Silvia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCalmodulin‐dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE1) is a key enzyme in cyclic nucleotides metabolism. We studied its gene expression and protein localization during retinal development in chick embryos. Western blot and densitometric analysis demonstrated that the expression of the three isoforms changed during development. PDE1A was highly expressed at the early stages and decreased as development proceeded. PDE1B expression remained relatively low and constant over time. PDE1C showed a prominent increase (13‐fold) between embryonic day (E) 7 and E13, followed by a moderate increase between E13 and postnatal day (P) 1. The presence of the enzyme in the different retinal locations was strongly modulated by development. PDE1A immunostaining was first detected at the ganglion cell level (E7), then in the outer retina (E15–E21). At P5, the immunostaining was confined in the optic fiber layer. Isoform C immunolocalization followed the same inner–outer pattern as isoform A. At 5 days posthatching (P5), the immunoreactivity was restricted, as well as for the isoform A, in the optic fiber layer. The isoform B immunolabelling was low and evenly distributed across the retina at all stages. The different developmental profiles of PDE1A, PDE1B, and PDE1C induced a temporal modulation in cyclic nucleotides concentration, suggesting specific roles of this enzyme in the morphofunctional development of retinal circuitry. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoinitiators with double and triple bonds
Authors: Seidl Bernhard , Kalinyaprak‐Icten Kadiriye , Fuß Norbert , Hoefer Michael , Liska Robert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn continuation of our research on new chromophores for photoinitiators (PIs) we investigated a series of double and triple bond containing PIs based on benzophenone (BP), thioxanthone, benzil (BZ), benzildimethylketal (BDK), and hydroxyalkylphenone. UV‐Vis spectroscopy revealed an absorption shifted up to 50 nm to the visible range of the spectrum. With steady state photolysis experiments, the rates of decomposition (Rd) were determined. Compared to the commercially available reference PIs the Rd of the new PIs were nearly identical. By quenching reactions with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), α‐cleavage was identified for Type I initiators. Generally, all new compounds are suitable as PI especially for longer wavelengths. Nevertheless it has to be noted that the PI concentration has to be selected carefully to achieve optimum reactivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 289–301, 2008
Synthesis of densely grafted comblike copolymers
Authors: Fu Zhifeng , Tao Wuping , Shi Yan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDensely grafted copolymers were synthesized using the “grafting from” approach via the combination of reversible addition‐fragment chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). First, a novel functional monomer, 2,3‐di(2‐bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl acrylate (DBPPA), with two initiating groups for ATRP was synthesized. It was then polymerized via RAFT polymerization to give macroinitiators for ATRP with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Last, ATRP of styrene was carried out using poly(DBPPA)s as macroinitiators to prepare comblike poly(DBPPA)‐graft‐polystyrenes carrying double branches in each repeating unit of backbone via “grafting from” approach. Furthermore, poly(DBPPA)‐graft‐[polystyrene‐block‐poly(t‐BA)]s and their hydrolyzed products poly(DBPPA)‐graft‐[polystyrene‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)]s were also successfully prepared. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 362–372, 2008
Estrogen modulation of ovariectomy‐induced hyperalgesia in adult mice
Authors: Sanoja Raul , Cervero Fernando 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSome chronic pain conditions are more prevalent in women. However, the evidence from both human and animal studies as to whether estrogen is pro‐ or anti‐nociceptive is inconsistent. We have used a model of functional abdominal pain in mice to examine the role of estrogen in the modulation of a hyperalgesic state induced by ovariectomy. C57/BL6 female mice were either ovariectomized (OVX), received the same surgery without removing the ovaries or were tested without any surgical procedure. Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by von Frey filaments and thermal pain was measured using a hot‐plate at 50°C. OVX mice, but not sham‐operated, developed mechanical hyperalgesia localized to the abdominal region, the hindlimbs and the proximal tail, 4–5 weeks after OVX as well as a reduction in response latency to the hot plate. OVX animals were implanted with 17β‐estradiol pellets or with similar pellets with no hormone five weeks after OVX, when the hyperalgesic state was fully developed, and the estrogen reversed both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Vaginal smears were taken to record the phase of the cycle at the time of the test from all animals and no significant differences were detected in mechanical hyperalgesia or in thermal pain threshold between normal animals in different phases of their estrous cycle. These results show that OVX induces a hyperalgesic state of slow onset and long duration that can be reversed by estrogen. We have also observed no estrous cycle modulation of pain sensitivity in normal animals.
Evaluation of the inferior and superior laryngeal nerve stumps for perineural spread in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Vural Emre , Fan Chun‐Yang , Spring Paul , Stack Brendan C. , Kokoska Mimi S. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Suen James Y. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectivePerineural spread (PNS) is an important risk factor for locoregional failure and is correlated with reduced survival rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. PNS may extend proximally and/or distally in the nerve sheath by leaving unin‐volved nerve segments. This method of extension may preclude obtaining tumor‐free surgical margins, which may be responsible for recurrent disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence or absence of PNS in extralaryngeal superior and inferior laryngeal nerves in patients who underwent total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.METHODSExtralaryngeal segments of superior and inferior laryngeal nerves were resected bilaterally during 15 consecutive laryngectomies. Laryngectomy specimens and the harvested proximal nerve segments were histopathologically examined for the presence or absence of PNS.RESULTSTen of 15 laryngectomy specimens showed PNS; however, none of the extralaryngeal superior or inferior laryngeal nerve segments revealed perineural involvement.CONCLUSIONExtralaryngeal extension of PNS is highly unlikely in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
Bell's palsy and pregnancy
Authors: Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Isaacson Brandon , Van Hook James W. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, treatment, and prognosis of Bell's palsy (BP) in pregnancy.RESULTSThe incidence of BP in pregnant women is not significantly greater than expected compared to all women of childbearing age. There is a high incidence of cases in the third trimester and corresponding low incidence during early pregnancy.CONCLUSIONThere is no conclusive evidence that the etiology of BP in pregnancy is different than in nonpregnant patients. Altered susceptibility to herpes simplex viral reactivation during pregnancy is the most likely explanation for concentration of cases in the third trimester. Outcome may be poorer in pregnant patients, though historically, treatment is often withheld from these patients.SIGNIFICANCEManagement of BP in pregnancy can mirror that of nonpregnant individuals with the exception of first‐trimester cases.
The superosmic phenomenon
Authors: Philpott C M , Goonetilleke P , Goodenough P C , Clark A , Murty G E 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground:Olfaction studies in the institution of Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Leicester Royal Infirmary have detected a previously unreported, variable phenomenon – ‘superosmia’ – in which subjects' olfaction threshold concentrations are up to 100 000 smaller than the average value.Objectives:The aim of this report is to define and quantify this phenomenon.Methods:Two hundred and thirty subjects, who had been screened for active nasal pathology (age range 20–60 years), underwent individual olfactory threshold tests for phenylethyl alcohol or eucalyptol, using a computer-driven olfactometer in a controlled laboratory setting. Some tests were single tests and others were repeated on a small cohort.Results:Two per cent of subjects demonstrated the superosmic phenomenon on single testing, and 10 per cent demonstrated this phenomenon on variable occasions during repeated testing. The superosmic phenomenon was defined by: (1) confident olfactory perception of a threshold at least equal to if not greater than three threshold levels below the subject's average threshold; (2) repeated perception of the odour at this level for at least 10 responses (1:1024 probability of chance finding); and (3) (where time permitted) a sudden, rapid loss of superosmia.Conclusions:Superosmia is a distinct phenomenon, the stimulus or mechanism of which is currently the subject of further research. The enhancement of olfactory ability may be possible through activation of an accessory pathway or modulation of the existing olfactory apparatus.
Electron microscopic observation of cytoskeletal frame structures and detection of tubulin on the apical region ofCryptosporidium parvumsporozoites
Authors: MATSUBAYASHI M. , TAKASE H. , KIMATA I. , NAKAGAWA H. , TANI H. , SASAI K. , BABA E. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYCryptosporidium parvumis an intracellular protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, and a major cause of waterborne gastroenteritis throughout the world. Invasive zoites of apicomplexan parasites, includingC. parvum, are thought to have characteristic organelles on the apical apex; however, compared with other parasites, the cytoskeletal ultrastructure ofC. parvumzoites is poorly understood. Thus, in the present study, we ultrastructurally examinedC. parvumsporozoites using electron microscopy to clarify the framework of invasive stages. Consequently, at the apical end of sporozoites, 3 apical rings and an electron-dense collar were seen. Two thick central microtubules were seen further inside sporozoites and extended to the posterior region. Using anti-α and -β tubulin antibodies generated from sea urchin and rat brain, both antibodies cross-reacted at the apical region of sporozoites in immunofluorescent morphology. The molecular mass ofC. parvumα tubulin antigen was 50 kDa by Western blotting and the observed apical cytoskeletal structures were shown to be composed of α tubulin by immunoelectron microscopy. These results suggested thatC. parvumsporozoites were clearly different in their cytoskeletal structure from those of other apicomplexan parasites.
The status of two exotic terrestrial Crustacea on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island
Authors: Greenslade Penelope , Melbourne Brett A. , Davies Kendi F. , Stevens Mark I. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTTwo terrestrial Crustacea,Puhuruhuru patersoni(Amphipoda: Talitridae) andStyloniscus otakensis(Isopoda: Styloniscidae), were discovered on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Each species was identified as having been described, and previously only known, from South Island, New Zealand and from some of New Zealand's southern offshore islands. The distributions of the two species on Macquarie Island have been mapped in detail on four occasions over the last fifteen years, each mapping extending previously existing distributions or showing changes from the earlier records. Details of all four years' mapping are figured. It is concluded that these species were most likely introduced between 1810 and 1919 and that populations of the amphipod have not expanded to any extent in the twelve years between 1992 and 2004 but that the isopod has slightly increased its range. Both species are macrodetritivores, a trophic group not well represented on the island, so there is the possibility of an irreversible change to the Macquarie Island ecosystem if they become more widespread with warming climates. However no such change has yet been observed. The advantages and feasibility of removing these two exotic species from the island is discussed, as are the possible routes by which the species were introduced to the island.
Conjugacies between linear and nonlinear non-uniform contractions
Authors: BARREIRA LUIS , VALLS CLAUDIA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe construct conjugacies between linear and nonlinear non-uniform exponential contractions with discrete time. We also consider the general case of a non-autonomous dynamics defined by a sequence of maps. The results are obtained by considering both linear and nonlinear perturbations of the dynamics xm+1=Amxm defined by a sequence of linear operators Am. In the case of conjugacies between linear contractions we describe them explicitly. All the conjugacies are locally Hölder, and in fact are locally Lipschitz outside the origin. We also construct conjugacies between linear and nonlinear non-uniform exponential dichotomies, building on the arguments for contractions. All the results are obtained in Banach spaces.
HUMORAL AND CELLULAR RESPONSES OF MICE TO A PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES
Authors: Kearney R , Halliday WJ 
Published: November 2007

SummarySera from mice injected with pneumococcal Type III capsular poly‐saccharide were titrated for antibodies by passive haemagglutination and haemolysis. The pattern of serological reactions suggested the existence of two distinct antibodies of the same specificity, one active in haemagglutination and of relatively high affinity for antigen, the other active in haemolysis and of lower affinity. These antibodies were entirely of the macroglobulin type. Titres of haemagglutinating and haemolytic activity were followed through the responses to three doses of antigen; some conditions for establishing substantial secondary responses were related to the two antibodies formed, their pre‐injection levels and the amounts of antigen administered.
THE ROLE OF SIALIC ACID IN THE SERUM AMYLASE ISOENZYME PATTERN OF THE MARSUPIAL MOUSE SMINTHOPSIS CRASSICAUDATA
Authors: Finnegan DJ , Hope RM 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAcrylamide gel electrophoresis of sera from Sminthopsis crassicaudata has revealed a pattern of three amylase isoenzyme bands. Three mobility variants (A, B and C) of this pattern have been found. One individual has been found to have a combination of the A and B patterns. Thirteen sera from S. larapinta all had a serum amylase phenotype identical to that of the A variant of S. crassicaudata.There is evidence that of the three isoenzyme bands in S. crassicaudata the most cathodic is of enzyme produced by the pancreas, while the other two are due to this enzyme with residues of sialic acid bound to it.
EFFECTS OF THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE DIET ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEPHROCALCINOSIS IN RATS
Authors: Goulding Ailsa , Malthus RS 
Published: November 2007

SummaryNephrocalcinosis in weanling rats resulting from the feeding of a semi‐purified diet was found to be reduced by the addition of casein, gluten, amino acids (methionine, cystine and glutamic acid), or ammonium sulphate to the diet. The altered incidence of nephrocalcinosis did not appear to be related to the casein: salt mixture ratio, to changes in the serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, or to changes in the volume of urine excreted. It is postulated that the protein supplements had an acidifying action due to oxidation of S‐amino acids which led to an increased urinary excretion of hydrogen ions and sulphate, and that the acidification of the tubular fluid increased the solubility of calcium phosphate so that less mineral deposition took place.