bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the cancer experience (PEACE)
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Nilsson Matthew , Balboni Tracy , Friedlander Robert J. , Block Susan D. , Trice Elizabeth , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The role of emotional acceptance of a terminal illness in end‐of‐life (EOL) care is not known. The authors developed a measure of peaceful acceptance at the EOL, and evaluated the role of peaceful acceptance in EOL decision‐making and care.METHODS.The authors developed the Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the Cancer Experience (PEACE) questionnaire to measure the extent to which patients with advanced cancer have a sense of peaceful acceptance of their terminal illness. The scale was administered to 160 patients with advanced cancer along with measures of other attributes that hypothetically are related to acceptance, including cognitive acceptance of terminal illness. EOL outcomes in 56 patients who died during the study also were examined.RESULTS.The 12‐item PEACE questionnaire had 2 subscales: a 7‐item Struggle With Illness subscale (Cronbach α = .81) and a 5‐item Peaceful Acceptance subscale (α = .78). Both subscales were associated with patients' self‐reported peacefulness (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.66 for acceptance [P <.0001]; r = −0.37 for struggle [P < .0001]). Struggle With Illness scores were associated with cognitive terminal illness acknowledgment (mean scores, 14.9 vs 12.4 for patients who were not aware that their illness was terminal; P = .001) and with some aspects of advance care planning (living will or healthcare proxy: mean scores, 13.9 vs 11.5; P = .02). In addition, among patients who had died, the use of a feeding tube at the EOL was associated inversely with Peaceful Acceptance (P = .015).CONCLUSIONS.The current study indicated that the PEACE questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of peaceful acceptance and struggle with illness. Scores were associated with some choices for EOL care among patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes after radiotherapy for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Thariat Juliette , Ahamad Anesa , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Williams Michelle D. , Holsinger Floyd C. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Allen Pamela K. , Morrison William H. , Weber Randal S. , Ang K. Kian , Garden Adam S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an uncommon, high‐grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Its poorer prognosis compared with common SCC remains controversial. The authors investigated the outcomes of patients with BSCC who received radiotherapy and compared them with the outcomes of patients with SCC.METHODS.From 1994 to 2004, 1007 patients received radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma with lymph node involvement. The histologic types consisted of 51 BSCC, 431 poorly differentiated SCC (PSCC), and 525 well or moderately differentiated SCC (WMSCC). A case–control analysis was performed with BSCC matched against both PSCC and WMSCC to compare disease‐control and survival rates.RESULTS.Patients with BSCC received treatment modalities similar to those received by patients with SCC: They received induction chemotherapy (12%) or concurrent chemotherapy (33%), and a median radiation dose of 70 Gray. Posttreatment viable tumor was present in 44%, 13%, and 28% of neck dissection specimens from patients with BSCC, PSCC, and WMSCC, respectively. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates (63%, 77%, and 76%, respectively) and overall survival rates (85%, 70%, and 71%, respectively) demonstrated no statistically significant differences for BSCC, PSCC, or WMSCC, respectively.CONCLUSIONS.In this study, a poorer prognosis could not be demonstrated for irradiated patients with BSCC compared with either PSCC or WMSCC. All patients in this study had positive lymph node status, and the majority of patients (84%) had oropharyngeal cancer. The BSCC cohort did have a relatively high rate of viable tumor in their posttreatment neck dissections, and they had a relatively high rate of distant disease. On the basis of the high rate of lung metastases and the possibility of efficient salvage, the authors recommend obtaining a chest computed tomography scan during initial staging and follow‐up. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term outcomes in extremity soft tissue sarcoma after a pathologically negative re‐resection and without radiotherapy
Authors: Cahlon Oren , Spierer Marnee , Brennan Murray F. , Singer Samuel , Alektiar Kaled M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose was to define the rate of local recurrence (LR) and identify prognostic factors for LR in patients with extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) treated with limb‐sparing surgery and a pathologically negative re‐resection specimen without radiotherapy (RT).METHODS.A review of the prospective sarcoma database identified 200 patients with primary, nonmetastatic, extremity STS treated with limb‐sparing surgery between June 1982 and December 2002 who had a pathologically confirmed negative re‐resection. None of the patients had adjuvant RT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine clinicopathologic factors associated with LR.RESULTS.With a median follow‐up of 82 months the 5‐year actuarial LR rate was 9%. Factors associated with higher LR rates on univariate and multivariate analysis were older age, stage III presentation, and histology. The 5‐year LR rate was 5% for those <50 compared with 15% for those ≥50 (P = .001). For patients with stage III the LR rate was 26% versus 7% for those with stage I/II (P < .001). On multivariate analysis only age ≥50 (relative risk [RR] 3.3; P = .02) and stage III disease (RR 3.4; P = .01) remained significant predictors for LR. When the cohort of patients was divided into 3 groups based on the number of risk factors present, the 5‐year LRs were as follows: no risk factors (stage I/II and <50 years old) 4%, 1 risk factor (stage III or ≥50) 12%, and 2 risk factors (stage III and ≥50) 31% (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS.Patients with a pathologically negative re‐excision represent a heterogeneous group. Whereas the overall rate of local recurrence at 5 years was 9% for the entire cohort, patients with older age and/or stage III disease had a higher rate of LR. Therefore, treatment decisions especially with regard to adjuvant RT should be individualized and not be based solely on the finding of a negative re‐resection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Survivable traffic grooming with non‐service‐interruptive wavelength retuning in a WDM mesh network
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Hu Rose Qingyang , Qian Yi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a new survivable traffic grooming wavelength retuning (STGWR) scheme in an all‐optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network. In a dynamic WDM network, a connection may require a bandwidth less than a wavelength capacity. In addition, a connection should be protected against any network failures. Survivable traffic grooming (STG) can protect connections at subwavelength granularities. Wavelength retuning is a promising approach in an all‐optical WDM network, where a signal must remain on the same wavelength from its source to the destination, to alleviate the wavelength continuity constraint and reduce the connection blocking probability. Although both STG and wavelength retuning have attracted extensive research attentions nowadays, no effort has been made to combine these two promising approaches in one network. In this paper, we propose a wavelength retuning scheme with no service interruption in an all‐optical network with STG capability. The scheme allocates two routes, one for the active path and other for the backup path, in a shared mesh restoration manner to each incoming connection request and conducts wavelength retuning only on the backup path. Both wavelength retuning and mesh protection are done at the connection level instead of at the lightpath level. The simulation results of the proposed schemes are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ventral specification and perturbed boundary formation in the mouse midbrain in the absence of Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Fogel Jennifer L. , Chiang Chin , Huang Xi , Agarwala Seema 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays a critical role in patterning the ventral midbrain, its role in early midbrain specification is not known. We examined the midbrains of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and smoothened (Smo) mutant mice where HH signaling is respectively attenuated and eliminated. We show that some ventral (Evx1+) cell fates are specified in the Shh−/− mouse in a Ptc1‐ and Gli1‐independent manner. HH‐independent ventral midbrain induction was further confirmed by the presence of a Pax7‐negative ventral midbrain territory in both Shh−/− and Smo−/− mice at and before embryonic day (E) 8.5. Midbrain signaling centers are severely disrupted in the Shh−/− mutant. Interestingly, dorsal markers are up‐regulated (Wnt1, Gdf7, Pax7), down‐regulated (Lfng), or otherwise altered (Zic1) in the Shh−/− midbrain. Together with the increased cell death seen specifically in Shh−/− dorsal midbrains (E8.5–E9), our results suggest specific regulation of dorsal patterning by SHH, rather than a simple deregulation due to its absence. Developmental Dynamics 237:1359‐1372, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Cystothiazole A by Microwave‐Assisted Olefin Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Gebauer Julian , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA short and convergent synthesis of the myxobacterial antibiotic cystothiazole A by a microwave‐assisted olefin cross‐metathesis reaction and a sequential microwave‐assisted cross‐metathesis/Stille coupling is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Genetic algorithm for seismic topology optimization of lifeline network systems
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Wei , Bao Yuanfeng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLifeline systems, such as water distribution and gas supply networks, usually cover large areas. For these systems, seismic design is always a difficult problem because of the complexity of large‐scale networks. In this paper, a topology optimization technology for lifeline networks is established. Firstly, in order to speed up the convergence of optimization process, an element investment importance analysis is carried out to evaluate the importance of components to the lifeline network. Then a topology optimization model is established. The aim of the model is to find the least‐cost network topology while the seismic reliability between the sources and each terminal satisfies prescribed reliability constraints. For this optimization problem, a genetic algorithm, which takes network topologies as the individuals of its population, is used to search for the optimal solutions by suitable operators, including selection, crossover and mutation operators. The capacity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by its applications to a simple example network consisting of 10 nodes and an actual network with 391 nodes located in a large city of China. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameter identification of torsionally coupled shear buildings from earthquake response records
Authors: Hegde Ganesh , Sinha Ravi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient procedure to determine the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and mode shapes for torsionally coupled shear buildings using earthquake response records. It is shown that the responses recorded at the top and first floor levels are sufficient to identify the dominant modal properties of a multistoried torsionally coupled shear building with uniform mass and constant eccentricity even when the input excitation is not known. The procedure applies eigenrealization algorithm to generate the state‐space model of the structure using the cross‐correlations among the measured responses. The dynamic characteristics of the structure are determined from the state‐space realization matrices. Since the mode shapes are obtained only at the instrumented floor (top and first floors) levels, a new mode shape interpolation technique has been proposed to estimate the mode shape coefficients at the remaining floor levels. The application of the procedure has been demonstrated through a numerical experiment on an eight‐storied torsionally coupled shear building subjected to earthquake base excitation. The results show that the proposed parameter identification technique is capable of identifying dominant modal parameters and responses even with significant noise contamination of the response records. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet‐based simulation of spectrum‐compatible aftershock accelerograms
Authors: Das S. , Gupta V. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn damage‐based seismic design it is desirable to account for the ability of aftershocks to cause further damage to an already damaged structure due to the main shock. Availability of recorded or simulated aftershock accelerograms is a critical component in the non‐linear time‐history analyses required for this purpose, and simulation of realistic accelerograms is therefore going to be the need of the profession for a long time to come. This paper attempts wavelet‐based simulation of aftershock accelerograms for two scenarios. In the first scenario, recorded main shock and aftershock accelerograms are available along with the pseudo‐spectral acceleration (PSA) spectrum of the anticipated main shock motion, and an accelerogram has been simulated for the anticipated aftershock motion such that it incorporates temporal features of the recorded aftershock accelerogram. In the second scenario, a recorded main shock accelerogram is available along with the PSA spectrum of the anticipated main shock motion and PSA spectrum and strong motion duration of the anticipated aftershock motion. Here, the accelerogram for the anticipated aftershock motion has been simulated assuming that temporal features of the main shock accelerogram are replicated in the aftershock accelerograms at the same site. The proposed algorithms have been illustrated with the help of the main shock and aftershock accelerograms recorded for the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm for the second scenario leads to useful results even when the main shock and aftershock accelerograms do not share the same temporal features, as long as strong motion duration of the anticipated aftershock motion is properly estimated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating random variables from random sparse observations
Authors: Andrea Montanari 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLet X1, … , Xn, be a collection of iid discrete random variables, and Y1, … , Ym, a set of noisy observations of such variables. Assume each observation Ya, to be a random function of a random subset of the Xi,s, and consider the conditional distribution of Xi, given the observations, namely µi,(xi,) ≡ ${\cal P}${Xi, = xi,|Y} (a posteriori probability).We establish a general decoupling principle among the Xi,s, as well as a relation between the distribution of µi, and the fixed points of the associated density evolution operator. These results hold asymptotically in the large system limit, provided the average number of variables an observation depends on is bounded. We discuss the relevance of our result to a number of applications, ranging from sparse graph codes and multi‐user detection, to group testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the contribution of genetic variants for survival phenotypes
Authors: Müller Martina , Döring Angela , Küchenhoff Helmut , Lamina Claudia , Malzahn Dörthe , Bickeböller Heike , Vollmert Caren , Klopp Norman , Meisinger Christa , Heinrich Joachim , Kronenberg Florian , Erich Wichmann H. , Heid Iris M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractParticularly in studies based on population representative samples, it is of major interest what impact a genetic variant has on the phenotype of interest, which cannot be answered by mere association estimates alone. One possible measure for quantifying the phenotype's variance explained by the genetic variant isR2. However, for survival outcomes, no clear definition ofR2is available in the presence of censored observations. We selected three criteria proposed for this purpose in the literature and compared their performance for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data through simulation studies and for mortality data with candidate SNPs in the general population‐based KORA cohort. The evaluated criteria were based on: (1) the difference of deviance residuals, (2) the variation of individual survival curves, and (3) the variation of Schoenfeld residuals. Our simulation studies included various censoring and genetic scenarios. The simulation studies revealed that the deviance residuals' criterion had a high dependence on the censoring percentage, was generally not limited to the range [0; 1] and therefore lacked interpretation as a percentage of explained variation. The second criterion (variation of survival curves) hardly reached values above 60%. Our requirements were best fulfilled by the criterion based on Schoenfeld residuals. Our mortality data analysis also supported the findings in simulation studies. With the criterion based on Schoenfeld residuals, we recommend a powerful and flexible tool for genetic epidemiological studies to refine genetic association studies by judging the contribution of genetic variants to survival phenotype.Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An item‐level analysis of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) by race and ethnicity in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Boutin‐Foster Carla 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroductionThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) is a measure of depressive symptoms that is commonly used in clinical studies. Studies employing this measure often describe variations in aggregate scores. However, few studies have examined variations in response to specific items by race and ethnicity.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional analysis among adults who were ages 50 and older and who were hospitalized for the management of coronary artery disease. Differential item functioning analysis was used to determine whether there were racial and ethnic variations in response to the items on the CES‐D.ResultsOf the 571 participants, 76% were Caucasian, 12% were African‐American, and 8% were Latino‐American. After adjusting for age, gender, and education, four items exhibited differential item functioning. The odds of Latinos endorsing the item ‘I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me’ was 2.5 (95% CL 1.2–5.9); 2.7 (95% CL 1.4–5.1) for the item ‘My sleep was restless’; 2.0 (95% CL 1.0–5.0) for the item ‘I felt that I was just as good as other people’; and 2.3 (95% CL 1.3–4.5) for the item ‘I enjoyed life’. The last two items were scored in reverse therefore; higher scores reflect more depressive symptoms. African‐Americans were 3.0 times more likely to endorse the item ‘people were unfriendly’ (95% CL 1.4–6.5).ConclusionsIn this study, differences in somatic, positive affective and interpersonal symptoms were associated with the higher prevalence of depressive symptoms observed among racial and ethnic minorities when compared to Caucasians. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer
Authors: Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Nakashiro Koh‐ichi , Sumida Tomoki , Shintani Satoru , Myers Jeffrey N. , Takes Robert P. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundRecently, attention has been focused on molecular targeted cancer therapy in various tumors. Although there is no single consistent molecular target specific for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and salivary gland cancer (SGC), there are a number of promising candidate proteins. The aim of this review is to introduce the basic evidences to support the molecular targeting for OSCC and SGC.MethodsWe focused on the 4 molecules, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and progesterone receptor, that are, respectively, associated with the proliferation and the differentiation of OSCC and SGC.ResultsGefitinib (“Iressa,” ZD1839), a small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cell lines in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and lead to cell cycle arrest with accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, and a decrease of cells in S phase. The agent suppressed tumor metastasis in the animal model. Furthermore, a cooperative antiproliferative effect was obtained when cancer cells were treated with radiation followed by gefitinib. While radiation alone did not significantly affect p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 autophosphorylation, the combination of gefitinib and radiation completely inhibited the downstream signaling of EGFR. Gefitinib enhanced tumor radioresponsiveness by multiple mechanisms, including the growth inhibition and effects on DNA repair after exposure to radiation. Next, the level of COX‐2 expression correlated inversely with increased tumor radiation sensitivity. Treatment with celecoxib, a COX‐2 selective inhibitor, enhanced the radioresponsiveness of HSC‐2 cells, which constitutively expressed COX‐2. Another promising molecular target is the PPARγ, which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand‐activated transcription factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARγ ligands induce cellular differentiation and inhibit cell growth in carcinomas of various types. These data suggest that synthetic PPARγ ligands may be useful for molecular targeting of oral cancer. Finally, the possibility of using molecular targeted therapy directed at hormone receptors in the treatment of advanced SGCs was described.ConclusionThe basic data strongly suggested the possibility of tumor suppression by targeting these molecules. Studies of different targeted agents alone or with more conventional treatment modalities are needed to fully determine what role the targeted therapy will play in the management of patients with OSCC and SGC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008