bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber type composition of rostral and caudal portions of the digastric muscle in the dog
Authors: Bubb Wendy J. , Sims Michael H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The distribution of muscle fiber types in rostral and caudal portions of the musculus digastricus (digastric muscle) was studied in 6 dogs. Staining procedures which stain specifically for type IIM fibers, a fiber type found in other muscles supplied by the trigeminal nerve, were used. Rostral and caudal portions of the muscle were compared because the rostral portion is innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and the caudal portion is innervated by the facial nerve.
The musculus triceps brachii (triceps muscle), which contains fiber types I and IIA, and the musculus masseter (masseter muscle), which contains type IIM, were used as controls. Mean fiber diameters were calculated for each of the muscles. Both portions of the digastric muscle exhibited the same histochemical behavior, possessing types I and IIA myofibers. Neither portion contained type IIM fibers. Type I fibers in the masseter muscle were histochemically different from type I fibers in the other muscles studied. Type II fibers predominated in all 3 muscles, but there were significantly (P < 0.001) more type I fibers in the triceps muscle than in either portion of the digastric muscle or in the masseter muscle. Type II fibers were significantly larger than type I fibers in the caudal digastric (P < 0.01) and masseter (P < 0.05) muscles. There was no difference in the size of type I or type II fibers between any of the muscles studied (P > 0.20).
Immunoreactive protein antigens of Mycoplasma pulmonis in experimentally infected rats
Authors: Chang Jerjang , Pick James R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycoplasma pulmonis was cultured in modified Hayflick's medium, washed in 0.25M NaCl, and solubilized by 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein antigens of M pulmonis separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis were blotted onto nitrocellulose strips. Specific-pathogen-free rats were inoculated intranasally with M pulmonis. The serum samples of these rats were obtained periodically and used to react with fractionated M pulmonis antigens which were fixed on the nitrocellulose strips. The antigen-antibody reactions were further recognized by 125I-labeled antiglobulin. Detection of immunoreactive antigens was obtained by autoradiography. Antibody response was not detected in serum obtained 7 days after rats were inoculated, and by 14 days, a slight response to several proteins was found. At 28 days after rats were inoculated, many immunoreactive antigens were detected. Generally, antibodies against antigens of moderate to low molecular weight appeared early in the infection, and antibodies against antigens of high molecular weight appeared late. Important immunoreactive antigens thus identified can readily be distinguished from more than 58 different M pulmonis antigens detectable by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
The humoral antibody response was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The immunoglobulin G antibodies were initially detected at low level at 7 days after rats were inoculated. These humoral antibody responses reached maximum by 28 days. The increase in serum antibody titer corresponded with numbers of immunoreactive antigens detected by immunoradio-binding assay. The information gained by this investigation may improve our understanding of the antigenicity of M pulmonis and the immune response of rats exposed to M pulmonis.
Identification of a bovine enteric syncytial virus as a nongroup A rotavirus
Authors: Vonderfecht Steven L. , Eiden Joseph J. , Torres Alfonso , Miskuff Robin L. , Mebus Charles A. , Yolken Robert H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An atypical or nongroup A rotavirus was identified in feces obtained from gnotobiotic calves in which fecal preparations originally derived during an epizootic of neonatal calf diarrhea had been serially passaged. The epizootic was previously reported to be caused by a noncharacterized viral agent that induced the formation of epithelial syncytia on small intestinal villi of experimentally infected calves. This bovine, nongroup A rotavirus was found to be antigenically related to a described atypical rotavirus of rats by immunofluorescence and by enzyme immunoassay. Complementary DNA derived from the atypical rat rotavirus cross hybridized with RNA obtained from the bovine virus, but not with RNA extracted from group A rotaviruses. Complementary DNA derived from SA-11 group A rotavirus cross hybridized with other group A rotavirus RNA, but not with RNA obtained from either the rat or bovine nongroup A isolates. Additionally, another similar, if not identical, bovine atypical rotavirus was identified in a second epizootic of neonatal calf diarrhea that occurred several hundred kilometers and 8 months apart from the original epizootic.
Immunologic profiles of cats with persistent, naturally acquired feline leukemia virus infection
Authors: Reimann Keith A. , Bull Robert W. , Crow Steven E. , Coffman Peggy , Raskin Rose E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Several immunologic responses were measured in 13 healthy cats with naturally acquired, persistent feline leukemia virus (FeLV) viremia from 4 multiple-cat households and were compared with responses from 28 of their healthy, non-FeLV-viremic housemates. Significant differences (P = < 0.05) were not observed between results of FeLV-viremic and nonviremic cats for peripheral blood leukocyte or lymphocyte count, percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells able to form rosettes with guinea pig rbc or with antibody- and complement-coated sheep rbc, lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen, or serum immunoglobulin G concentration. Seemingly, persistent FeLV viremia, when naturally acquired, may exist for some time without lymphopenia or a marked loss of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.
Progesterone secretion by the bovine fetoplacental unit and responsiveness of corpora lutea to steroidogenic stimuli at two stages of gestation
Authors: Pimentel S. M. , Pimentel C. A. , Weston P. G. , Hixon J. E. , Wagner W. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To evaluate the response of luteal cells to in vitro stimulation with luteinizing hormone (lh) or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) and determine the secretion of progesterone by the fetoplacental unit, the corpora lutea were removed surgically in 10 cows (luteectomy) at 250 days (5 cows) or 270 days (5 cows) of gestation. During surgery, but before luteectomy, catheters were placed in the middle uterine artery and vein, carotid artery, and jugular vein. Blood samples were collected from all catheters just before luteectomy and at 8-hour intervals after luteectomy for 72 hours or until calving, whichever occurred first. Luteal tissue was prepared as a dispersed cell preparation and incubated with 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 100 ng of lh/ml of medium or was incubated with 0, 0.5, or 2 mM dbcAMP. Synthesis of progesterone in response to lh by dispersed cells prepared from corpora lutea at 270 days was less (P < 0.01; analysis of variance) than that by similar preparations at 250 days because a dose-response relationship was not observed for incubations of luteal tissue with lh at 270 days of gestation. Progesterone synthesis in response to the addition of dbcAMP also was less (P < 0.01) at 270 than at 250 days of gestation. This difference in responsiveness to lh and dbcAMP between the 2 stages of gestation was not reflected by a significant difference between stages of gestation in systemic concentrations of progesterone before luteectomy. Mean concentrations of progesterone within the carotid artery and jugular vein decreased (P < 0.01; split-plot analysis) after removal of corpora lutea, and significant differences were not found between blood collection sites or between stages of gestation. Concentrations of progesterone within the uterine arterial and venous circulations decreased (P < 0.01) after luteectomy at both stages of gestation. After luteectomy at 250 days, venous plasma concentrations stabilized (1.1 to 1.9 ng/ml), whereas progesterone concentrations progressively decreased to < 0.5 ng/ml in the uterine artery at 250 days of gestation and in the uterine artery and vein after removal of corpora lutea at 270 days of gestation. This difference between the 2 stages of gestation (P < 0.01) indicated that the fetoplacental unit may have secreted progesterone at 250 days of gestation, but not at 270 days. A difference in progesterone synthesis and secretion between the 2 stages of gestation may explain why the interval between luteectomy and calving was longer for cows at 250 days of gestation than at 270 days of gestation (98 ± 18 hours vs 37 ± 14 hours; P < 0.05).
Echocardiographic characterization of dilatation cardiomyopathy in the English Cocker Spaniel
Authors: Gooding Jean P. , Robinson Wayne F. , Mews Geoffrey C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The echocardiographic characterization of a dilatation cardiomyopathy in small-breed dogs is reported. Twelve clinically healthy adult English Cocker Spaniel dogs (between 2 and 9 years old and weighing 11.5 to 15.4 kg [mean 12.9 ± 1.00 kg]) from a kennel population with a history of cardiomyopathy were assessed, using M-mode echocardiography. The dogs were selected on ecg and/or radiographic evidence of ventricular enlargement. Nine dogs had R-wave amplitude in lead 11 of > 3.0 mV. Two dogs had an unusual right-axis deviation, the result of deep Q waves in the limb leads and deep S waves in chest leads CV6LL and CV6LU, indicating that there was right ventricular enlargement. All dogs had increased end-systolic dimensions (mean 3.0 ± 0.6 cm). End-diastolic dimensions were increased in 9 dogs (mean 4.0 ± 0.5 cm), and there was a decrease of left ventricular (lv) function as measured by fractional shortening in 8 dogs. Mean fractional shortening for the 12 dogs was 25.4 ± 5.7%. There was significant correlation between lv dimensions and age at echocardiographic assessment, indicating that lv dilatation was progressive. Three of the oldest dogs had severe dilatation of the lv, and in 2 of these, lv function was severely decreased. Left ventricular function in the 3rd dog, however, was within the acceptable range. Fractional shortening and thickness of the lv caudal wall and interventricular septum were significantly correlated (P < 0.01 for interventricular system and P < 0.05 for lv caudal wall).
R-Wave amplitude and lv mass and lv cross-sectional area calculated from the echocardiographic measurements correlated significantly in the 9 dogs in which R-wave amplitude exceeded 3.0 mV (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).
The dilatation cardiomyopathy described differs from the idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathies of persons and of large- and giant-breed dogs in that it is generally benign. The course of the disease is variable and there is usually a long, clinically asymptomatic period, although affected animals may show early ecg abnormalities. However, progressive reduction in myocardial function eventually leads to congestive heart failure.
Evaluation of plasma and buffy coat ascorbic acid concentrations in dogs before and after a 24-hour fast
Authors: Lee Alice H. , Spano Joseph S. , Swaim Steven F. , McGuire John A. , Hughes Kim S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Samples of blood were taken from 15 female and 15 male research laboratory Beagles before and after they were fasted for 24 hours. The mean buffy coat ascorbic acid concentration was significantly higher in dogs after they were fasted than that before they were fasted. In contrast, the mean plasma ascorbic acid concentration was significantly lower in dogs after they were fasted than that before they were fasted. The mean buffy coat ascorbic acid concentrations in blood samples of both fasted and nonfasted female Beagles was significantly greater than those of male Beagles, whereas the mean plasma concentrations of both fasted and nonfasted female Beagles was significantly lower than those of male Beagles. It was observed that whenever there was a decrease in plasma ascorbic acid concentration, there was an increase in buffy coat ascorbic acid concentration, regardless of fasting stress or sex difference.
Anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel against Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Toxocara cati, and Taenia taeniaeformis in cats
Authors: Arther Robert G. , Cox Danny D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty cats, each harboring 2 or 3 parasitic infections (Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Toxocara cati, and/or Taenia taeniaeformis), were used to titrate the anthelmintic efficacy of a paste containing 3.4% febantel and 0.34% praziquantel. The cats were allotted into 4 groups (10 cats/group). For 3 consecutive days, the cats were given febantel/praziquantel at 5/0.5 mg/kg/day, 10/1 mg/kg/day, 15/1.5 mg/kg/day, or a blank paste vehicle (control) at 0.29 g/kg of body weight. The recommended dosage of 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg cleared ≥ 98% of the 3 helminth species.
Estimation of urinary flow rate in weanling and yearling horses
Authors: Glade Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In an attempt to validate the use of urinary creatinine concentration as an index of urinary flow rate, a series of timed quantitative urine collections were done on several groups of weanling and yearling ponies and Thoroughbreds. A total of 411 urine samples were generated by 19 ponies and 12 Thoroughbreds. Urinary flow rates and urinary creatinine concentrations were measured. When all the data were examined, urinary flow rates were independent of creatinine concentrations. However, for any given animal, daily urinary creatinine excretion was constant over several days, and urinary creatinine concentrations were related to urinary flow rates in a negative curvilinear fashion. Urinary flow rates in young horses can be estimated from urinary creatinine concentrations, but separate curves relating the 2 variables must first be derived for each animal.
Dexamethasone-induced attenuation of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in endotoxemic calves
Authors: Olson Neil C. , Brown Talmage T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary mechanics, and gas exchange were determined in anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium) and paralyzed (pancuronium bromide) calves (9.4 ± 0.4 weeks old) during 5 hours of endotoxemia. Escherichia coli endotoxin (055-B5) was infused iv at 20 μg/kg the 1st hour, followed by a continuous infusion at 10 μg/kg/hour for the following 4 hours. Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) was given iv 18 hours and 1 hour before endotoxin administration, and was also administered iv (1 mg/kg/hr) during endotoxemia. Endotoxin induced large increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, alveolar-arterial O2 gradient, alveolar dead-space ventilation, postmortem gravimetric lung weight of bloodless lung, albumin and total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the number of neutrophils recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Endotoxin induced decreases in the cardiac index, dynamic lung compliance, and Pao2. Dexamethasone attenuated most of the cardiopulmonary responses induced by endotoxin, especially during the first 3 hours of endotoxemia. Dexamethasone blocked endotoxin-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage albumin, total protein, and neurophil content. Therefore, glucocorticoids modify endotoxin-induced pulmonary injury in calves, possibly by limiting mobilization of endogenous arachidonic acid.
Cardiac performance in cats after administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate: Echocardiographic evaluations
Authors: Dunkle Nancy , Moise N. Sydney , Scarlett-Kranz Janet , Short Charles E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiac performance was evaluted in 9 healthy cats sedated with xylazine. Each cat was evaluated echocardiographically before and after the administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate. Each cat was echocardiographically evaluated during manual restraint only (control value), after im administration of 0.55 mg of xylazine/kg of body weight, after im administration of 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg, and after im administration of 0.011 mg of glycopyrrolate/kg followed 10 minutes later by im administration of 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg. Echocardiographic indices of cardiac performance (fractional shortening, left ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, mitral valve E point septal separation) indicated a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the left ventricular function and heart rate after the small (0.55 mg/kg) and large (2.2 mg/kg) dosages of xylazine. With the administration of glycopyrrolate, the bradycardia was minimized, but cardiac performance was not improved. After administration of glycopyrrolate, cardiac performance decreased, but the decrease was not significant when compared with the ventricular performance of the cats after administration of the large dosage of xylazine. Compared with control values, the reduction in left ventricular function values associated with administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate was independent of the heart rate. Therefore, the α-2 adrenergic agonist xylazine has a marked depressive effect on cardiac performance in the cat, and premedication with glycopyrrolate may not completely alleviate the undesirable bradycardia, but may actually be detrimental to the cardiovascular system.
Use of subcutaneously implanted chambers in calves for in vivo study of isolates of Moraxella bovis
Authors: Pugh George W. , Wilbur Linn A. , Beall Charles W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Selected cultures of Moraxella bovis were studied in calves, using chambers fabricated from a semipermeable membrane supported and protected by perforated plastic golf balls. Plain balls, semipermeable membrane-covered balls, and balls that contained bags fabricated from semipermeable membranes were surgically implanted subcutaneously in calves at a site approximately 25 cm ventral to the paralumbar fossa and cranial to the prefemoral lymph node. After calves recovered from surgery, chambers were inoculated with different cultures of M bovis. Cultural examination of samples taken from inoculated chambers indicated that M bovis cultures were maintained within the chambers for variable times, depending on the characteristics of the culture inoculated. A smooth (piliated) culture dissociated into a rough (nonpiliated) culture after 4 wbeks of incubation within a chamber but none of the rough cultures became smooth.
The technique offers a method to study the in vivo variations in a series of cultures or strains of microorganisms under the influence of the same host factors. The selective permeability of the chamber may be controlled by using membranes of different porosities to control the flow of entering or exiting dialysate.
Restriction endonuclease analysis of various strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from cattle
Authors: Collins Desmond M. , de Lisle Geoffrey W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) preparations from 3 reference strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and from 23 isolates of M paratuberculosis obtained from cattle in New Zealand were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis, using the enzymes BstE II, Pvu II, and Bcl I. Patterns of dna fragments for strain 18 (one of the reference strains) differed markedly from patterns of other strains, indicating genetic differences between strain 18 and the other strains of M paratuberculosis evaluated. The other 2 reference strains (TMC 1613 and Weybridge strain 316) and all but 1 of the isolates from cattle had identical patterns with the 3 enzymes. These 2 reference strains differed from each other in their dependence on exogenous mycobactin, but this was not reflected in their restriction patterns. The single variant isolate from cattle had patterns identical to those of the other isolates, using Pvu II and Bcl I, and had only 1 fragment line difference with BstE II. Although close genetic homogeneity of cattle strains of M paratuberculosis prevented development of a typing system on the basis of restriction endonuclease analysis, the results provided a basis for genomic comparison with other closely related organisms.
Effect of suramin on serum viral replication in feline leukemia virus-infected pet cats
Authors: Cogan D. C. , Cotter S. M. , Kitchen L. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Suramin treatments were administered (iv) to 2 healthy adult cats infected with naturally acquired feline leukemia virus. Serum viral infectivity—as assessed by focus induction by the method of Fischinger, using serial serum samples titrated on clone 81 cells—ceased transiently in both cats during treatment with suramin, but returned to significantly high levels approximately 14 days after treatment was stopped. Both cats tested positive for FeLV internal antigens in peripheral blood cells and serum before, during, and after treatment. Both cats tested negative for antibody to feline oncornavirus membrane antigen before, during, and after treatment. The major adverse effects of suramin in the 2 cats were transient vomiting and anorexia.
Chromatographic separation and characterization of Pasteurella Haemolytica Cytotoxin
Authors: Mosier Derek A. , Lessley Bruce A. , Confer Anthony W. , Antone Susan M. , Gentry Martha J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Biochemical and immunologic properties of the cytotoxin (leukotoxin) produced by Pasteurella haemolytica were examined. Crude, bacteria-free supernatants from logarithmic phase P haemolytica were fractionated, using a series of column chromatographic techniques. Sequential anion exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography, and chromatofocusing resulted in a cytotoxic substance (cytotoxin-C) of approximately 160 kilodaltons (kD), as determined by use of gel-filtration chromatography. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of cytotoxin-C yielded 3 protein bands with relative mobilites of 0.37, 0.42, and 0.63. On the basis of immunoblotting with a cytotoxin-neutralizing bovine immunoglobulin for antigen detection, the 2 low-mobility bands shared a strong region of immunogenicity. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, principal protein constituents of cytotoxin-C were found at 160, 66, 57, and 23 kD. Using immunoblotting with cytotoxin-neutralizing immunoglobulin, strong, distinct reactions with the 66-and 57-kD bands were detected. Immunization of rabbits and mice with cytotoxin-C resulted in sera that reacted strongly with cytotoxin-C in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunodiffusion assays. The major immunogenic proteins also were detected by use of immunoblotting with anticytotoxin-C sera from rabbits and mice. Postinoculation rabbit sera neutralized crude cytotoxin.
Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by males of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles fed on an Idaho field-infected, chronic carrier cow
Authors: Zaugg Jerry L. , Stiller David , Coan Michael E. , Lincoln Stuart D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The role of ticks and carrier cattle in epizootics of bovine anaplasmosis was further clarified by demonstrating unequivocally, for the first time, that male ticks fed on a chronic carrier cow naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale can transmit this parasite intrastadially and biologically when subsequently fed on susceptible cattle. These data indicate that field epizootics of acute anaplasmosis may be initiated by males of tick vector species that feed on carrier cattle and subsequently transfer to susceptible cattle.