bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of integrated treatment of hepatitis C on happiness among people who inject drugs: results from the INTRO-HCV.
Authors: Lucas Clara , Vold Jørn Henrik , Aas Christer Frode , Chalabianloo Fatemeh , Løberg Else-Marie , Johansson Kjell Arne , Fadnes Lars Thore 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

PWID are at high risk of being unhappy. However, to which degree happiness in patients with SUD is linked to infection with HCV and its treatment is unknown. The present study investigated the effect of integrated compared to standard HCV treatment on happiness in this population. This multi-center, randomized controlled trial evaluated happiness as a secondary outcome of integrated HCV treatment. From May 2017 to June 2019, 276 participants in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway, were randomly assigned to receive integrated and standard HCV treatment. Integrated treatment was delivered in eight decentralized outpatient OAT clinics and two community care centers while standard treatment was delivered in outpatient clinics at referral hospitals, with 21% absolute difference in SVR. The level of happiness was assessed with an eleven-point Likert scale and presented as percentage (from 0% “completely unhappy” to 100% “completely happy”).We applied a LMM to evaluate the impact of integrated HCV treatment on changes in happiness scores. At baseline, the mean happiness score for participants receiving integrated treatment was 49% (SD 26) and 52% (SD 25) for those on standard treatment. Twelve weeks after completed HCV treatment, the mean happiness score for participants receiving integrated treatment was 51% (SD 20) and 52% (SD 23) for those receiving standard treatment. Compared to the standard HCV treatment, the happiness score tends to increase from baseline to end of treatment in the integrated HCV treatment groups, but not significantly. Further research is needed to improve the subjective experience in happiness in this population.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov.no NCT03155906, 16/05/2017.
Assessment of Drought Tolerance in Wheat genotypes for Sustainable Food Security and Breeding Programs
Authors: Shah Adnan Noor , Ghulam Hafiz , Naeem Muhammad , Ullah Aziz , Saeed Amjad , Hussain Ghulam Sabir , Hatamleh Ashraf Atef , Al-Dosary Munirah Abdullah , Lamlom Sobhi F. , Ercisli Sezai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The crop which is widely consumed and utilized because of its social benefits and economic importance worldwide is wheat. In many parts of the world, it is generally consumed as feed and food for its nutritional benefits, and its productivity is uniform under different environmental effects. In a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication, an experiment was conducted to assess 50 different wheat cultivars. These cultivars were evaluated under two distinct levels; normal (non-stressed) and drought (stressed) conditions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) under non-stressed (normal) and stressed (drought) conditions of the examined traits showed highly significant differences which indicated the variation in the studied germplasm. The Genotypes that performed very well in both the normal and water deficit conditions are G12 followed by G8, G23, G20 and G16 while genotypes that performed poorly in both conditions were G35 followed by, G37, G47, G48 and G42 considered as drought susceptible genotypes. Attribute grain yield per plant disclosed the significant and positive correlation among all the studied traits under the non-stresses condition. Results revealed from principal component analysis (PCA), only 4 PCA showed the significant value under the both normal and stressed conditions because these PCAs exhibited eigenvalue more than one considered as significant. Under the normal condition, the PC1 indicated the 78.7% for the variance, PC2 indicated 14.6%, PC3 indicated 12.2% and PC4 indicated 10.1% as mention in Fig-4.7. In the drought condition, the PC1 represented for 74.5%, PC2 represented for 16.7%, PC3 represented for 11.6% and PC4 represented for 11.1%. The findings from this study will be valuable for both researchers anf farmers, as they can utilize the data to cultivate these specific genotypes for improved yield. Morever, the results can also be employed in future breeding aim to develop drought-resistant wheat genotypes, contributing to sustainable food security efforts.
Left Atrial Mechanics in Youth with Chronic Kidney Disease and Similarly Aged Healthy-Controls
Authors: Kula Alexander J , Frisby-Zedan Jeanne , Linder Jarrett , Hauck Amanda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: In adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), abnormal left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) is an early, yet clinically significant, indicator of myocardial dysfunction. However, left atrial mechanics are understudied in youth with CKD. The objective of this study was to assess left atrial strain function in youth with CKD and similarly aged, healthy controls.
Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective, observational study of persons aged 12-21 years with stage 3-4 CKD and healthy controls. Exclusion criteria included a history of a kidney or other solid organ transplant, congenital heart disease, and/or dialysis requirement <3 months prior. We measured LAS (LASr, conduit, contractile), E/e’, E/A, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and ejection fraction. Pearson correlations were performed between echocardiographic measures.
Results: This study included 37 patients with CKD and 19 controls. Mean age was similar between groups and male sex was over-represented in both groups (CKD: 62%, Healthy: 63%). Mean ± standard deviation (SD) eGFR in the CKD group was 32 ±14mL/min/1.73m2. Mean absolute LASr was significantly lower in those with CKD (43.0 ±8.5%) compared to healthy controls (47.4 ±6.1%). Patients with CKD had significantly higher LVMI, and lower E/A and E’ compared to controls. There was poor correlation between LASr with E/A, E/e’, and LVMI.
Conclusions: As observed in adults with CKD, LASr was significantly lower in youth with CKD compared to healthy controls. Moreover, LASr poorly correlated with traditional measures of diastolic dysfunction such as E/e’ and E/A.
Comparing Human Text Classification Performance and Explainability with Large Language and Machine Learning Models Using Eye-Tracking
Authors: Venkatesh Jeevithashree Divya , Jaiswal Aparajita , Nanda Gaurav 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To understand the alignment between reasonings of humans and artificial intelligence (AI) models, this empirical study compared the human text classification performance and explainability with a traditional machine learning (ML) model and large language model (LLM). A domain-specific noisy textual dataset of injury narratives had to be classified into six cause-of-injury codes. While the ML model was trained on pre-labelled injury narratives, LLM and humans did not receive any specialized training. The explainability of different approaches was compared using the words they focused on during classification. These words were identified using eye-tracking for humans, explainable AI approach LIME for ML model, and prompts for LLM. The classification performance of ML model was relatively better than LLM and humans- overall and particularly for complicated and challenging to classify narratives. The top-3 words used by ML and LLM for classification agreed with humans to a greater extent as compared to later words.
Lacrimal duct diseases are the potential cause of corneal epitheliopathy
Authors: Minezaki Teruumi , Hattori Takaaki , Shibata Motoko , Nezu Naohiro , Kumakura Shigeto , Goto Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of corneal epitheliopathy in patients with lacrimal duct diseases and to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with corneal epitheliopathy.
Methods: Among patients diagnosed with lacrimal duct diseases comprising chronic dacryocystitis and lacrimal canaliculitis at our institution between 2015 and 2022, those who had corneal epitheliopathy were studied. Severity of corneal epitheliopathy was evaluated using the National Eye Institute/Industry (NEI) corneal grading scale. Systemic diseases, ocular diseases, and types of eye drops used were extracted from medical records. Pathogens cultured from ocular secretions in lacrimal duct or revealed by pathological examination of concretions were examined. NEI scores before and after treatment for lacrimal duct diseases were compared.
Results: 161 eyes with lacrimal duct diseases consisted of 138 eyes with chronic dacryocystitis and 23 eyes with lacrimal canaliculitis. Corneal epitheliopathy was found in 13 eyes (8.1%) with lacrimal duct diseases; 11 eyes (8.0%) with chronic dacryocystitis, and 2 eyes (8.7%) with lacrimal canaliculitis. None of the patients with corneal epitheliopathy had specific systemic or ocular diseases. Six patients used antibiotic eye drops, but only one patient used corticosteroid eye drops. Pathogens were detected in the lacrimal duct in 12 of 15 eyes with corneal epitheliopathy. Corneal epitheliopathy improved in all eyes after treatment for lacrimal duct diseases.
Conclusion: Lacrimal duct diseases may potentially lead to corneal epitheliopathy. In a case of refractory corneal epitheliopathy accompanied by conjunctival congestion and ocular secretions lacrimal duct disorders should be investigated and treated appropriately.
Effect of depression on asthma: insight from the NHANES 2007-2018 and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ji Tanao , Lv Yue , Yang Jianan , Diao Xianping , Gu Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression and asthma share several pathophysiologic risk factors, and their precise connection remains unclear. Our research seeks to assess the relationship between depression and asthma.
Methods
The association between depression and asthma was assessed through a multivariable logistic regression analysis, with data sourced from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. Subsequently, a linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the genetic correlation between depression and asthma. Moreover, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted by employing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics by means of both univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR).
Results
This study included 22467 participants from NHANES for our observational research. In the unadjusted model, participants with depression symptoms had a significantly increased risk of asthma in comparison to participants without depression symptoms (OR = 1.924, 95%CI: 1.717–2.152, P < 0.0001). After adjusting potential confounders, the results remain significant. The LDSC result revealed a significant positive genetic correlation between depression and asthma (rg = 0.254, P < 0.0001).The UVMR results further substantiated a causal effect between depression and asthma (OR = 1.243, 95%CI: 1.141–1.354, P < 0.0001). Similar findings from MVMR were obtained for the causality investigation after adjusting smoking (OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.17–1.42, P < 0.0001), drinking (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.16–1.38, P < 0.0001), and education attainment (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11–1.31, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our study showed that depression is an independent risk factor for asthma and may increase the risk of asthma.
Adult Uterine Wilm’s Tumor Miss-interpreted as "Carcinosarcoma," a case report
Authors: Izadimood Narges , Nili Fatemeh , Sarmadi Soheila , Mirzaian Elham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Wilm’s tumor (WT) is a common renal malignancy in children. Adult extrarenal WT involving the uterus is extremely rare. Herein, we report a rare case of uterine WT in an old woman that was primarily diagnosed as carcinosarcoma.
Case presentation: A 63-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and radiologic evidence of pelvic mass originating from the uterus, suggestive of sarcoma. In addition to the serum elevation of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), and Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) was also increased. Pathologic examination of total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy, and omentectomy specimens revealed a large uterine mass with a serosal surface and an omental invasion. On microscopic examination, mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components were seen, so the initial diagnosis was carcinosarcoma. On the second opinion, triphasic components of papillary, primitive tubules and glomeruloid structures, mesenchymal, and blastemal elements were identified. The IHC study revealed positive reactions of the tumor cells for WT1, CKAE1/AE3, EMA, Glypican-3, and CD56 in all components. P53 showed normal expression. GATA3, ER, PR, and CD10 were negative. The final diagnosis was changed to WT.
Conclusion: Uterine Wilm’s tumor is an extremely rare malignancy that could be associated with elevated serum AFP. The diagnosis and treatment of these rare tumors are challenging for both pathologists and clinicians.
Shielding Characteristics of Polydimethylsiloxane Reinforced with Iron for Radiation Protection
Authors: Yazdankish Enayatolah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the radiation shielding properties of Polydimethylsiloxane reinforced with iron in weight fractions ranging from 5–40%. The density of the composite material was calculated using a formula that considers the densities of Polydimethylsiloxane and iron. The mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, effective atomic number, and equivalent atomic number were calculated using the WinXCom program. The results indicate that the mass attenuation coefficient and linear attenuation coefficient values are higher for low-energy photons, and the composites reinforced with higher weights of iron display higher mass attenuation and linear attenuation coefficients. The contribution of Compton scattering remained almost constant across the energy range, while the photoelectric effect dominated at low energies, and pair production became increasingly dominant at higher energies. The half-value layer decreased as the weight fraction of iron in the composite increased, making composites with a higher weight fraction of iron more efficient at attenuating radiation to a certain level. The effective atomic number and equivalent atomic number values were also higher for composites with a higher weight fraction of iron, indicating that they are more effective at attenuating radiation. Overall, Polydimethylsiloxane reinforced with iron shows promise as a material for radiation shielding applications.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Infertility:A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: XIE Yafei , ZHANG Zeling , YIN Qiaozhi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Numerous observational studies have found a higher risk of infertility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis（RA）, but the causal relationship is subject to inherent confounding bias in traditional retrospective studies, and the causal relationship between the two has not been definitively established.
Methods: This paper analyzes the causal relationship between RA and infertility using two-sample MR. In this paper,we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test for the causal association between RA and infertility using data from Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) closely associated with RA were selected as instrumental variables from a genome-wide association meta-analysis including 14,361 patients with RA and 43,923 controls of European ancestry. The summary statistics of infertility were obtained from the Finnish Biobank, which included 6,481 cases and 68,969 controls in women and 680 cases and 73,479 controls in men. Inverse variance weighting was used as the main estimator, supplemented by MR-Egger, Weighted median. MR-PRESSO was used to remove biased SNPs, Cochran's Q test to and MR-Egger intercept analysis to detect heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
Results: Individuals with higher genetic liability to RA were more likely to develop female infertility ([OR,1.04; 95%CI,1.01-1.07; p<0.05]).But,RA is not causally related to male infertility.
Conclusions: We found that genetically predicted RA causes a higher risk of infertility in women, a risk that has existed since conception. However, in terms of genetic variation, there is no evidence that RA increases the risk of infertility in men. the damage to reproductive health from RA is greater in women than in men. Our findings help women of childbearing age with RA to intervene early before they are ready to conceive, with the expectation of improving conception rates and reducing the risk of infertility in women with RA.
Diversity and bioprospection of Gram-positive bacteria derived from a Mayan sinkhole
Authors: Wissner Julian L. , Parada-Fabián José Carlos , Márquez-Velázquez Norma Angélica , Escobedo-Hinojosa Wendy , Gaudêncio Susana P. , Prieto-Davó Alejandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Water-filled sinkholes known locally as cenotes, found on the Yucatán Peninsula, have remarkable biodiversity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive cultivable bacteria obtained from sediment samples collected at the coastal cenote Pol-Ac in Yucatán, Mexico. Specifically, the investigation aimed to assess production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds. 16S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 49 Gram-positive bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Firmicutes (n=29) and Actinobacteria (n=20) divided into the common genera Bacillus and Streptomyces, as well as the genera Virgibacillus, Halobacillus, Metabacillus, Solibacillus, Neobacillus, Rossellomorea, Nocardiopsis and Corynebacterium. With growth at 55ºC, 21 of the 49 strains were classified as moderately thermotolerant. All strains were classified as halotolerant and 24 were dependent on marine water for growth. Screening for six extracellular hydrolytic enzymes revealed gelatinase, amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease and chitinase activities in 93.9%, 67.3%, 63.3%, 59.2%, 59.2% and 38.8%, of isolated strains, respectively. The genes for polyketide synthases type I, were detected in 24 of the strains. Of 18 strains that achieved >25% inhibition of growth in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureusATCC 6538, 4 also inhibited growth in Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. Isolates Streptomycessp. NCA_378 and Bacillus sp. NCA_374 demonstrated 50-75% growth inhibition against at least one of the two pathogens tested, along with significant enzymatic activity across all six extracellular enzymes. This is the first comprehensive report on the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from sediments in the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula.
Superior Survival with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation versus Chemotherapy for High-Risk Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in PDT-ALL-2016 Pediatric-Inspired Cohort
Authors: Zhou Hongsheng , Chen Junjie , Cai Zihong , Huang Zicong , Lin Jieping , Wang Zhixiang , Ou Jiawang , Xu Xiuli , Tang Bingqing , Ding Chenhao , Li Jia , Lin Ren , Zhang Ting , Xuan Li , Liu Qifa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for adult high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL) remained elusive in the pediatric-inspired regimen era. We conducted a cohort study on the outcome of allo-HSCT post-consolidation versus chemotherapy for HR-ALL in the first complete remission in PDT-ALL-2016 pediatric-inspired cohort. A total of 245 patients with HR-ALL were enrolled, according to donor availability and patients’ preferences, among which 159 received allo-HSCT after consolidation therapy, and 86 received post-remission chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 43.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) in allo-HSCT cohort was 77.1% (70.6–84.2%), and 51.7% (41.7–64.1%) in chemotherapy cohort, respectively (p < .001). In multivariate analysis, allo-HSCT cohort showed superior OS (HR = 0.33, 0.21–0.54, p < .001), event-free-survival (EFS, HR = 0.36, 0.23–0.56, p < .001), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR, HR = 0.13, 0.07–0.22, p < .001), and increased non-relapse mortality (NRM, HR = 4.06, 1.23–13.4, p = .021), compared to chemotherapy cohort. Notably, allo-HSCT improved the outcome of minimal residue disease (MRD)-positive subset (OS, HR = 0.42,0.20–0.90, p = .025), as well as MRD-negative subset (OS, HR = 0.21, 0.10–0.43, p < .001). Our study demonstrates that allo-HSCT post-consolidation, compared to chemotherapy, could further improve survival of HR-ALL in pediatric-inspired cohort, regardless of MRD status.
Prognostic value of preoperative ascending aortic diameter on postoperative acute kidney injury in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Dou Dou , Yuan Su , Jia Yuan , Li Yinan , Wang Hongbai , Ding Jie , Wu Xie , Bie Dongyun , Liu Qiao , An Ran , Yan Haoqi , Yan Fuxia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background The ascending aortic diameter (AAD) is common in ultrasound examinations of cardiac surgery patients, and it is important for the prognosis of cardiac patients. The ascending aortic diameter has effect on renal perfusion. However, the impact of AAD on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery patients is still unknown. This study aims to explore the prognostic value of ascending aortic diameter on the incidence of postoperative AKI in cardiac adult patients.
Method This retrospective study included patients aged ≥18 years who underwent cardiac operations between April 2023 to July 2023 in Fuwai Hospital, China. Patients were divided into two groups: AKI group and non-AKI group. The values of cardiac ultrasound the day before surgery were collected. The end point was the rate of acute kidney injury. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess model performance. Using another model without AAD, the effect of the addition of AAD was assessed.
Result 442 patients were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable results suggested that AAD was an independent factor of postoperative AKI for both on-pump and off-pump cardiac patients (P<0.05). To avoid CPB time confounding factor, we went subgroup analysis of the area under the curve of CPB time further. The addition of AAD improved the area under the curve from 0.67 to 0.72 (P<0.05) in on-pump patients.
Conclusion AAD represents a prognostic value of postoperative AKI in adult cardiac surgery. The prognostic value of AAD was higher in on-pump patients.