bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic modelling of the biomethane production potential of acidic pretreated groundnut shells
Authors: Olatunji K. O. , Olugbemide A. D. , Akerejola R. F. , Madyira D. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Process parameter optimization is of significant interest in the search for renewable energy from biomass. This study investigates the potential of three kinetic models to analyze and optimize biomethane production from acidic pretreated groundnut shells. First-order, logistic, and Gompertz models were investigated. Groundnut shells were pretreated with H2SO4 at different concentrations, temperatures, and exposure times before anaerobic digestion. The cumulative biomethane yield was used to validate the kinetic models developed. The model accuracy was determined using performance metrics of root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), correlation coefficient (R
2), and percentage difference (%diff). A comparative analysis was carried out to ascertain the best-fit model. The results show that H2SO4 pretreatment improves the biomethane yield by 62–178%. The value of the pretreated feedstock’s lag phase (λ) is lower (0.4) than that of the untreated feedstock (2.74), indicating pretreatment’s efficiency in reducing the retention time. The models’ performance shows an RMSE of 10.57–77.42, AIC of 253.94–281.74, R
2 of 0.9708–0.9967, and %diff of 0.18–1.55%. It was noticed from the model that pretreatment conditions are significant to the performance of the models. The performance metrics show that all the models can analyze and optimize the biomethane yield of pretreated lignocellulose feedstock, and the Gompertz model produces the highest accuracy. Findings from this study can be applied to optimize and predict biomethane production from acidic pretreated lignocellulose feedstock at the commercial scale.
The ground-nesting bee Anthophora plumipes as a model species for assessing effects of soil-mediated pesticide exposure
Authors: Hellström Sara , Seidelmann Karsten , Colombo Roberto , Serra Giorgia , Lora Giulia , Gaboardi Gian Carlo , Paxton Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Though many wild bee species nest in the ground, little is known of their potential exposure to pesticide residues in soil, or the effects of such exposure. Here, we introduce Anthophora plumipes as a potential model ground-nesting solitary bee species for controlled exposure to pesticides through soil. Bees from a naturally occurring population were allowed to nest in loam blocks containing varying concentrations of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. Measured residues of imidacloprid in brood provisions and in bee bodies remained at < 0.01% of the concentration in surrounding soil, suggesting limited migration of contaminants from soil to brood. Furthermore, imidacloprid contamination had no marked effect on the number, survival, body size or rate of parasitism of offspring at the tested concentrations (≤ 10 mg/kg). This species native to Eurasia and North Africa may be a suitable model for further research on the ecotoxicology of ground-nesting solitary bee species.
Highly Thermally Conductive
and Flame-Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane Composites with 3D BNNS Bridging Structures via Magnetic
Field Assistance
Authors: Jiang Hao , Xie Yuhui , He Mukun , Li Jindao , Wu Feng , Guo Hua , Guo Yongqiang , Xie Delong , Mei Yi , Gu Junwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The microstructure design for thermal conduction pathways in polymeric electrical encapsulation materials is essential to meet the stringent requirements for efficient thermal management and thermal runaway safety in modern electronic devices. Hence, a composite with three-dimensional network (Ho/U-BNNS/WPU) is developed by simultaneously incorporating magnetically modified boron nitride nanosheets (M@BNNS) and non-magnetic organo-grafted BNNS (U-BNNS) into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to synchronous molding under a horizontal magnetic field. The results indicate that the continuous in-plane pathways formed by M@BNNS aligned along the magnetic field direction, combined with the bridging structure established by U-BNNS, enable Ho/U-BNNS/WPU to exhibit exceptional in-plane (λ

//
) and through-plane thermal conductivities (λ

⊥
). In particular, with the addition of 30 wt% M@BNNS and 5 wt% U-BNNS, the λ

//
and λ

⊥
of composites reach 11.47 and 2.88 W m−1 K−1, respectively, which representing a 194.2% improvement in λ

⊥
compared to the composites with a single orientation of M@BNNS. Meanwhile, Ho/U-BNNS/WPU exhibits distinguished thermal management capabilities as thermal interface materials for LED and chips. The composites also demonstrate excellent flame retardancy, with a peak heat release and total heat release reduced by 58.9% and 36.9%, respectively, compared to WPU. Thus, this work offers new insights into the thermally conductive structural design and efficient flame-retardant systems of polymer composites, presenting broad application potential in electronic packaging fields.
Sticking and Swelling of Iron Ore Pellets: Mechanisms and Controlling Factors
Authors: Purohit S. , Pownceby M. I. , Guiraud A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The sticking and breakage of iron ore pellets during high-temperature reduction pose significant challenges in shaft furnace ironmaking. As the steel industry transitions towards decarbonization, hydrogen-based shaft furnace processes are expected to play an increasingly important role in achieving low-emission steel production. One of the critical challenges in this transition is the global decline in iron ore quality. This review critically examines how degrading ore quality and changes in reduction mechanisms affect adverse pellet behaviors, such as sticking and swelling. The mechanisms of pellet sticking and swelling are discussed. Key contributors include the formation of iron whiskers, dense metallic iron, and low-melting eutectic phases. The impact of impurity oxides, such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, CaO, TiO₂, and alkali oxides, on sticking and swelling indices is assessed, along with the mineralogy of iron ores. Lower-grade iron ores are tend to exhibit lower sticking and swelling. SiO₂ and MgO effectively mitigate these issues; SiO₂ forms a glassy silicate layer that inhibits iron whisker growth, while MgO enhances magnetite stability through the formation of high-melting spinel phases, promoting uniform distribution in the wüstite lattice. While the role of CaO is quite complex, a basicity (CaO/SiO₂) range of below 0.2 or above 0.8 is recommended to prevent adverse sticking and swelling behaviors. In contrast, alkali oxides have a detrimental effect on pellet performance. Furthermore, induration and reduction conditions including pellet size, induration temperature, reduction temperature, and reducing gas composition significantly affect these pellet behaviors. Higher reduction temperatures are correlated with increased sticking and swelling due to enhanced diffusion and crystallization of iron whiskers. Temperatures below 900 °C are recommended to prevent sticking in uncoated pellets. Importantly, the presence of hydrogen in the reducing atmosphere transitions the reduction mechanism from chemical-reaction control to diffusion control, thereby reducing iron whisker formation.

Graphical Abstract
Design of additively manufactured glass components for glass point fixings
Authors: Chhadeh Philipp Amir , Sleiman Khodor , Hoffmann Henriette , Funke Nicole , Rettschlag Katharina , Jäschke Peter , Baitinger Mascha , Knaack Ulrich , Kaierle Stefan , Seel Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has opened new possibilities in many disciplines. Complex geometries can now be created from a variety of materials and material compositions that were previously unimaginable. As a result, there is also the potential for customization and personalization for each user. The present paper and the related research provide insight into the possibilities to further process glass by additive manufacturing methods and thereby exploring the potential for the built environment. This research focuses on developing AM glass components to be used as point fixings for flat glass elements. The innovative laser glass deposition printing process (LGD), developed by Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., involves locally heating fused silica glass fibres with a CO2-laser, enabling precise deposition of viscose glass on substrates of the same material. In order to implement the LGD process in glass facades an examination of the component is required. This paper introduces a series of mechanical examination techniques, such as indentation and bending tests. The results derived from the testing are the foundation for a parameter study in order to develop a button shaped point fixing for glass facades.
First record of the white root rot fungus Dematophora necatrix on indigenous South African trees
Authors: Balocchi Felipe , Wingfield Michael J. , Paap Trudy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The soilborne fungus Dematophora (=Rosellinia) necatrix and causal agent of white root rot, has a wide host range that includes many tree species of economic importance. The pathogen has a worldwide distribution, including reports from commercial orchards in South Africa since the 1970s. During tree health surveys conducted as part of a sentinel plant project, we detected the pathogen on two symptomatic individuals from the indigenous South African tree species Diospyros whyteana and Noronhia foveolata subsp. major. Observed symptoms included wilting and root rot, with characteristic white mycelium present under the bark. Dematophora necatrix was isolated from both hosts and its identity confirmed by sequencing two gene regions (ITS and actin). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation tests under semi-controlled conditions by inoculating the soil with bamboo sticks colonized with the fungus. Plants of both species developed similar symptoms to those observed naturally, and the fungus was successfully recovered from all symptomatic plants. This is the first record in South Africa of D. necatrix on indigenous species and outside of commercial orchards. Given the environmental threat posed we recommend the fungus is considered for regulation in South Africa.
Phytogenics in swine nutrition and their effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut health, and meat quality: a review
Authors: Madesh Muniyappan , Yan Jin , Jinan Gao , Hu Ping , Kim In Ho , Liu Hao-Yu , Ennab Wael , Jha Rajesh , Cai Demin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phytogenic feed additives have undergone extensive testing in swine production to determine their effects on gastrointestinal function and health, as well as their implications for pigs' systemic health and welfare, flock production efficiency, food safety, and environmental impact. These feed additives derived from plants, encompassing herbs, spices, fruits, and various plant components, contain numerous bioactive ingredients. An examination of published documents concerning the supplementation of phytogenic feed additives uncovers conflicting findings about their efficacy in swine production. This suggests that additional effort is required to ascertain the suitable inclusion levels and thoroughly clarify their mechanisms of action. This review aims to summarise the prevailing trends in the application of phytogenic feed additives in poultry, emphasising their effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profiles, gene expression, hypocholesterolemic properties, immunity, meat quality, fatty acid composition, amino acid content, and the gut microbiota of swine.
Measurable Vizing’s theorem
Authors: Grebík Jan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe prove a full measurable version of Vizing’s theorem for bounded degree Borel graphs, that is, we show that every Borel graph
$\mathcal {G}$
of degree uniformly bounded by
$\Delta \in \mathbb {N}$
defined on a standard probability space
$(X,\mu )$
admits a
$\mu $
-measurable proper edge coloring with
$(\Delta +1)$
-many colors. This answers a question of Marks [Question 4.9, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 29 (2016)] also stated in Kechris and Marks as a part of [Problem 6.13, survey (2020)], and extends the result of the author and Pikhurko [Adv. Math. 374, (2020)], who derived the same conclusion under the additional assumption that the measure
$\mu $
is
$\mathcal {G}$
-invariant.
To gather is to heal: Women’s mental health circles in rural Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Ortega Ana Cecilia , Buckner Margaret 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the rural villages of the Sierra Madre region of Chiapas, women experiencing hardship show signs of emotional distress that are diagnosed as depression and anxiety by health professionals. In this study, we critically analyze the impact of a pilot mental health group intervention (Women’s Circles) facilitated by community mental health workers. The intervention consisted of eight structured sessions that included psychoeducation from a gender perspective, mindfulness exercises, interactive activities, arts and crafts, and sharing personal experiences. We carried out participant observation and 27 semi-structured interviews with the participants. The main outcomes were, first, that participants’ moods improved, and second, that the improvement was mainly due to gathering with others and having someone to talk to. In addition, we observed that lessons during the Circles were often prescriptive, which, rather than creating a space for reflection on personal experiences, imposed globalized views of mental health and gender. In sum, we describe both the positive impact this program had on mental well-being and the problematic spreading of psychoeducation.
The Plasma Proton Environment Within Saturn's F‐G Ring Gap as Observed by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer Ion Mass Spectrometer During Saturn Orbit Insertion
Authors: Sittler E. C. , Woodson A. K. , Johnson R. E. , Cooper J. F. , Tseng W.‐L. , Sturner S. J. , Chornay D. J. , Smith H. T. , Simpson D. G. , Reisenfeld D. B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe report on the detection of protons and the potential detection of H2+ between Saturn's F and G rings based on Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) Ion Mass Spectrometer (IMS) time‐of‐flight (TOF) composition measurements acquired during Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) outbound pass. The range in dipole L shell is 2.3 < L < 2.8. Initial results based on TOF data were presented in E. C. Sittler et al. (2017). Here we present the latest results of our analysis. During the SOI outbound pass between the F and G rings the CAPS IMS was in a mode of reduced post‐acceleration voltage at −6 kV instead of the usual −14.6 kV. This reduced voltage still allows the analysis of protons since 6 keV protons are minimally scattered by the instrument's ultrathin carbon foils when compared to heavier ions O+ and O2+. Background noise from penetrating radiation and ghost peaks produced by foil‐scattered O+ ions within the instrument were considered in our analysis. The analysis allowed an determination of the proton density, temperature and flow velocity, accounting for spacecraft potential by assuming a convected Maxwellian for the proton velocity distribution function. We find average proton density nP = 3.4 ± 1.2 #/cm3, proton temperature TP = 1.74 ± 0.12 eV, proton corotation flow speed VP = 24 ± 1.5 km/s in spacecraft reference frame and spacecraft potential ΦSC = −0.8 ± 1.5 V. These results are compared with previous theoretical estimates of H+ and H2+ ions within Saturn's inner magnetosphere.
Evidence of Magma Reservoirs Beneath Volcanoes in Northern Sulawesi and the Molucca Sea From Regional Earthquake Tomography
Authors: Supendi Pepen , Rawlinson Nicholas , Han Jifei , Widiyantoro Sri , Pilia Simone , Nugraha Andri Dian , Karnawati Dwikorita 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present a new 3‐D P‐wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath Sulawesi from regional earthquake body wave tomography. The arrival time data were sourced from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) Indonesian earthquake catalog for the period 2018 through to 2023, which is based on records from 126 seismic stations in Sulawesi and its neighborhood. Our results reveal clear evidence of high velocity subducting slabs beneath the Molucca Sea Collision Zone and northern Sulawesi, along with low velocity zones above the Sangihe and Halmahera slabs, that likely represent magma reservoirs. Furthermore, we found a diffuse low‐velocity anomaly in the mantle beneath Colo volcano, a solitary island volcano located in the distant back‐arc region of the North Sulawesi subduction zone, which is consistent with decompression melting induced by extension.
Giant Undulations Driven by Pitch‐Angle Scattering of Time Domain Structures Modulated by Plasmapause Surface Wave
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Jia , Du Pei‐Heng , Liu Jian , Shi Quan‐Qi , Guo Meng‐Dan , He Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Yong‐Liang , Yao Zhong‐Hua , Zhong Jun , Rong Zhaojin , Wei Yong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPlasmapause surface waves (PSWs) near the plasmapause boundary are regarded to be the magnetospheric source of ionospheric auroral giant undulations (GUs) located at the equatorward boundary of diffuse aurora. However, the observational evidence of wave‐particle interaction connecting PSWs and GUs is absent. In this letter, we demonstrate GUs are driven by pitch‐angle scattering of time domain structures modulated by the PSWs, based on the conjugated ionospheric and magnetospheric observations. Specifically, ionospheric GUs are lighted by the pitch‐angle scattering of <1 keV thermal electron and ions and energetic ions with energy up to dozens of keV near the plasmapause. Further, the total fluxes during one PSW period and energy of scattered electron and ions determine the size and luminosity of GUs. Our research provides observational evidence that PSWs cause periodic electron precipitation via modulating the time domain structures rather than the previously predicted chorus or electron cyclotron harmonic waves.
Lithospheric Thinning of the Northeastern Arabian Margin Revealed by Matrix‐Free Teleseismic Traveltime Tomography
Authors: Guo Gaoshan , Lan Haiqiang , Chen Ling , Meng Lingkai , Badal José 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe obduction of the Tethys oceanic lithosphere is documented by the Semail ophiolite along the northeastern Arabian continental margin. Although the ophiolite is continuous and of similar age across the region, the eastern and western segments display distinct geological contrasts. To investigate the deep structural mechanisms underlying these surface variations, we applied teleseismic traveltime tomography using an advanced eikonal solver and a matrix‐free adjoint‐state approach on data from a dense seismic array. Our 3D upper mantle P‐wave model reveals a significant velocity contrast, with positive anomalies in the west and negative anomalies in the east, separated by a prominent fault zone. We propose that the continental lithosphere beneath northeastern Arabia underwent thinning during the Permian breakup of Pangaea. This pre‐obduction lithospheric segmentation likely influenced the subduction dynamics associated with the ophiolite obduction process. Additionally, early Cenozoic thermal activity may have further amplified lithospheric thinning, contributing to the observed structural variations.
The Role of Inductive Electric Fields in Shaping the Morphology, Asymmetry, and Energy Content of the Storm‐Time Ring Current
Authors: Liu Jianghuai , Ilie Raluca , Liemohn Michael W. , Tóth Gábor 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe inductive component of the magnetospheric electric field, which is associated with the temporal change of magnetic field, provides an additional means of local plasma energization and transport in addition to the electrostatic counterpart. This study examines the detailed response of the inner magnetosphere to inductive electric fields and the associated electric‐driven convection corresponding to different solar wind conditions. A novel modeling capability is employed to self‐consistently simulate the electromagnetic and plasma environment of the entire magnetospheric cavity. The explicit separation of the electric field by source (inductive vs. electrostatic) and subsequent implementation of inductive effects in the ring current model allow us to investigate, for the first time, the effect of the inductive electric field on the kinetics and evolution of the ring current system. The simulation results presented in this study demonstrate that the inductive component of the electric field is capable of providing an additional source for long‐lasting plasma drifts, which in turn significantly alter the trajectories of both thermal and energetic particles. Such changes in the plasma drift, which arise due to the inductive electric fields, further reshape the storm‐time ring current morphology and alter the degree of the ring current asymmetry, as well as the timing and the peak of the ion pressure. The total ion energy is increasing at a faster rate than the supply of energetic ions to the ring current, suggesting that the inductive electric field provides effective and accumulative local energization for the trapped ring current population without confining additional particles.
Effect of Pressure on the Diversity and Potential Activity of Aerobic Methanotrophs in Marine Sediments: A Case Study From the Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Changling , Wu Nengyou , Hu Gaowei , Chen Qiang , Bu Qingtao , Sun Jun , Xu Xiaoqing , Wei Jiangong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh hydrostatic pressure in deep‐sea environments potentially impacts microbial community diversity, the structure of cellular components and functions. The specific characteristics of aerobic methanotrophs originating from deep‐sea environments and their responses to local pressure fluctuations in terms of community diversity and methane oxidation potential remain unexplored. This study investigates subsurface sediments rich in aerobic methanotrophs from the natural gas hydrate‐bearing region in the Shenhu area, Northern South China Sea. By conducting aerobic oxidation of methane (AeOM) incubation experiments under various environmental pressures up to 10 MPa, the study aims to elucidate differences in microbial community diversity and AeOM rates. The results show a profound impact of pressure on both the taxonomic composition of bacterial and methanotrophic communities and their capacity for methane consumption. The key aerobic methanotrophs, that is, Methylococcales, exhibit a gradual decrease in composition as pressure rises. Accordingly, their AeOM rates also show a significant negative correlation with pressure (r = 0.986, P < 0.01). The composition of three dominant methanotrophic genera, that is, unclassified_Methylococcaceae, Methylobacter, and Methylocaldum, exhibited irregular fluctuations under varying pressure conditions, with the lowest abundance observed at 2 MPa. Our study also shows that unclassified_Methylococcaceae is the primary methanotroph that exhibits the main response to pressure changes in marine environments.