bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pyridinium derivative from Red Sea soft corals inhibited voltage-activated potassium conductances and increased excitability of rat cultured sensory neurones
Authors: Temraz Tarek A , Houssen Wael E , Jaspars Marcel , Woolley David R , Wease Kerrie N , Davies Steven N , Scott Roderick H 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Whole cell patch clamp recording and intracellular Ca2+ imaging were carried out on rat cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones to characterize the actions of crude extracts and purified samples from Red Sea soft corals. The aim of the project was to identify compounds that would alter the excitability of DRG neurones.

Results
Crude extracts of Sarcophyton glaucum and Lobophyton crassum attenuated spike frequency adaptation causing DRG neurones to switch from firing single action potentials to multiple firing. The increase in excitability was associated with enhanced KCl-evoked Ca2+ influx. The mechanism of action of the natural products in the samples from the soft corals involved inhibition of voltage-activated K+ currents. An active component of the crude marine samples was identified as 3-carboxy-1-methyl pyridinium (trigonelline). Application of synthetic 3-carboxy-1-methyl pyridinium at high concentration (0.1 mM) also induced multiple firing and reduced voltage-activated K+ current. The changes in excitability of DRG neurones induced by 3-carboxy-1-methyl pyridinium suggest that this compound contributes to the bioactivity produced by the crude extracts from two soft corals.

Conclusion

Sarcophyton glaucum and Lobophyton crassum contain natural products including 3-carboxy-1-methyl pyridinium that increase the excitability of DRG neurones. We speculate that in addition to developmental control and osmoregulation these compounds may contribute to chemical defenses.
WHO systematic review of prevalence of chronic pelvic pain: a neglected reproductive health morbidity
Authors: Latthe Pallavi , Latthe Manish , Say Lale , Gülmezoglu Metin , Khan Khalid S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Health care planning for chronic pelvic pain (CPP), an important cause of morbidity amongst women is hampered due to lack of clear collated summaries of its basic epidemiological data. We systematically reviewed worldwide literature on the prevalence of different types of CPP to assess the geographical distribution of data, and to explore sources of variation in its estimates.

Methods
We identified data available from Medline (1966 to 2004), Embase (1980 to 2004), PsycINFO (1887 to 2003), LILACS (1982 to 2004), Science Citation index, CINAHL (January 1980 to 2004) and hand searching of reference lists. Two reviewers extracted data independently, using a piloted form, on participants' characteristics, study quality and rates of CPP. We considered a study to be of high quality (valid) if had at least three of the following features: prospective design, validated measurement tool, adequate sampling method, sample size estimation and response rate >80%. We performed both univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis to explore heterogeneity of results across studies.

Results
There were 178 studies (459975 participants) in 148 articles. Of these, 106 studies were (124259 participants) on dysmenorrhoea, 54 (35973 participants) on dyspareunia and 18 (301756 participants) on noncyclical pain. There were only 19/95 (20%) less developed and 1/45 (2.2%) least developed countries with relevant data in contrast to 22/43 (51.2%) developed countries. Meta-regression analysis showed that rates of pain varied according to study quality features. There were 40 (22.5%) high quality studies with representative samples. Amongst them, the rate of dysmenorrhoea was 16.8 to 81%, that of dyspareunia was 8 to 21.8%, and that for noncyclical pain was 2.1 to 24%.

Conclusion
There were few valid population based estimates of disease burden due to CPP from less developed countries. The variation in rates of CPP worldwide was due to variable study quality. Where valid data were available, a high disease burden of all types of pelvic pain was found.
Monocyte/macrophage and T-cell infiltrates in peritoneum of patients with ovarian cancer or benign pelvic disease
Authors: Wang Xipeng , Deavers Michael , Patenia Rebecca , Bassett Roland L , Mueller Peter , Ma Qing , Wang Ena , Freedman Ralph S 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed that tumor-free peritoneum of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) exhibited enhanced expression of several inflammatory response genes compared to peritoneum of benign disease. Here, we examined peritoneal inflammatory cell patterns to determine their concordance with selected enhanced genes.MethodsExpression patterns of selected inflammatory genes were mined from our previously published data base. Bilateral pelvic peritoneal and subjacent stromal specimens were obtained from 20 women with EOC and 7 women with benign pelvic conditions. Sections were first stained by indirect immunoperoxidase and numbers of monocytes/macrophages (MO/MA), T cells, B cells, and NK cells counted. Proportions of CD68+ cells and CD3+ cells that coexpressed MO/MA differentiation factors (CD163, CCR1, CXCR8, VCAM1, and phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2[pcPLA2]), which had demonstrated expression in EOC peritoneal samples, were determined by multicolor immunofluorescence.ResultsMO/MA were present on both sides of the pelvic peritoneum in EOC patients, with infiltration of the subjacent stroma and mesothelium. CD68+ MO/MA, the most commonly represented population, and CD3+ T cells were present more often in EOC than in benign pelvic tumors. NK cells, B cells, and granulocytes were rare. CXCL8 (IL-8) and the chemokine receptor CCR1 were coexpressed more frequently on MO/MA than on CD3+ cells contrasting with CD68+/CD163+ cells that coexpressed CXCL8 less often. An important activated enzyme in the eicosanoid pathway, pcPLA2, was highly expressed on both CD68+ and CD163+ cells. The adherence molecule Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM1) was expressed on CD31+ endothelial cells and on a proportion of CD68+ MO/MA but rarely on CD3+ cells.ConclusionThe pelvic peritoneum in EOC exhibits a general pattern of chronic inflammation, represented primarily by differentiated MO/MA, and distinct from that in benign conditions concordant with previous profiling results.
Reemergence of dengue virus type-3 (subtype-III) in India: Implications for increased incidence of DHF & DSS
Authors: Dash Paban Kumar , Parida Man Mohan , Saxena Parag , Abhyankar Ajay , Singh CP , Tewari KN , Jana Asha Mukul , Sekhar K , Rao PV Lakshmana 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Dengue virus infection has recently taken endemic proportion in India implicating all the four known dengue serotypes. There was a major dengue outbreak in northern India including Delhi in October- December, 2003 and again in 2004. We have carried out a detailed investigation of the 2004 outbreak by Serosurveillance, RT-PCR, nested PCR, virus isolation and genotyping. We also report the molecular epidemiological investigation of these outbreaks.

Results
The serological investigation of 162 suspected serum samples using an in-house dengue dipstick ELISA revealed 11%-IgM, 51%-IgG and 38%-both IgM and IgG antibody positivity. The RT-PCR analysis revealed presence of dengue RNA in 17 samples. Further subtyping and genotyping by nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing of C-prM gene junction revealed the association of subtype III of dengue virus type 3 in the outbreak.

Conclusion
The sudden shifting and dominance of the dengue virus serotype-3 (subtype III) replacing the earlier circulating serotype-2 (subtype IV) is a point of major concern and may be attributed to increased incidence of DHF and DSS in India.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Therapeutic Target in Human Thyroid Carcinoma: Mutational and Functional Analysis
Authors: Mitsiades Constantine S. , Kotoula Vassiliki , Poulaki Vassiliki , Sozopoulos Elias , Negri Joseph , Charalambous Elpida , Fanourakis Galinos , Voutsinas Gerassimos , Tseleni-Balafouta Sophia , Mitsiades Nicholas 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Context: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor that mediates proliferation and survival signaling, is expressed in a wide variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. EGFR inhibitors have produced objective responses in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinomas harboring activating EGFR TK domain somatic mutations.
Objective and Methods: Because the EGFR pathway has been reported to be important for the pathophysiology of thyroid carcinoma, we investigated the expression and mutational status of EGFR in 14 thyroid carcinoma cell lines as well as its functional role by evaluating their in vitro sensitivity to AEE788, a new dual-family EGFR/ErbB2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor TK inhibitor. We also evaluated the mutational status, mRNA and protein expression, as well as phosphorylation status of EGFR in a panel of thyroid carcinoma specimens.
Results: EGFR expression and phosphorylation in the thyroid carcinoma cell lines and tissue specimens were present but not stronger than in noncancerous thyroid tissue. EGFR TK domain mutations were detected in two of 62 histological specimens (3.2%) but not in cell lines. All thyroid carcinoma cell lines were significantly less sensitive (IC50 at least 25-fold higher) in vitro to AEE788 than a primary culture of EGFR-mutant lung carcinoma cells.
Conclusions: Thyroid carcinoma cells overall are poorly responsive to clinically relevant concentrations of AEE788 in vitro. The presence of EGFR-activating TK domain mutations may identify a small minority of thyroid cancer patients that may benefit from EGFR inhibitors, but additional preclinical evidence of efficacy is needed.
Genotyping of Five Chinese Patients with 17α-Hydroxylase Deficiency Diagnosed through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Serum Adrenal Profile: Identification of Two Novel CYP17 Mutations
Authors: Wei Ji-Qing , Wei Ji-Lu , Li Wei-Chun , Bi Yun-Sheng , Wei Feng-Cai 
Published: July 2006

AbstractContext: 17α-Hydroxylase deficiency is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by CYP17 gene mutations.Objective: Five Chinese patients with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency were genotyped.Patients: The five patients derived from four families living in Shandong Province, China. The diagnosis of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency was initially established through HPLC serum adrenal profiles in Qilu Hospital, China, from 1983–1993.Results: Three CYP17 gene mutations were identified from these patients. Among them, V311fs and Y329fs are two novel frame-shifting mutations. V311fs is an 8-bp nucleotide (TTAAATGG) deletion in exon 5. Y329fs is a deletion-insertion combined mutation (TAC→AA) at codon 329 in exon 6. Two homozygotes for Y329fs and one compound heterozygote for Y329fs and V311fs were identified from three different families. Two homozygous sisters for the D487_S488_F489 deletion were identified.Conclusion: The results confirmed the diagnostic value of the HPLC serum adrenal profile for 17α-hydroxylase deficiency. The D487_S488_F489 deletion had been identified in two previously genotyped Chinese families. In our present study, a third Chinese family with this mutation was identified, suggesting that this mutation is a prevalent CYP17 mutation in the Chinese population. The identification of Y329fs mutation in addition to three previously identified mutations at codon 329 suggests that codon 329 is an unstable point of the CYP17 gene. The mutations identified from our five patients appear to be random, but the recurrence of the Y329fs mutation may be attributed to a founder effect. Our studies suggest that 17α-hydroxylase deficiency may not be rare in the Chinese population.
Water-Induced Thermogenesis Reconsidered: The Effects of Osmolality and Water Temperature on Energy Expenditure after Drinking
Authors: Brown Clive M. , Dulloo Abdul G. , Montani Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2006

AbstractContext: A recent study reported that drinking 500 ml of water causes a 30% increase in metabolic rate. If verified, this previously unrecognized thermogenic property of water would have important implications for weight-loss programs. However, the concept of a thermogenic effect of water is controversial because other studies have found that water drinking does not increase energy expenditure.Objective: The objective of the study was to test whether water drinking has a thermogenic effect in humans and, furthermore, determine whether the response is influenced by osmolality or by water temperature.Design: This was a randomized, crossover design.Setting: The study was conducted at a university physiology laboratory.Participants: Participants included healthy young volunteer subjects.Intervention: Intervention included drinking 7.5 ml/kg body weight (∼518 ml) of distilled water or 0.9% saline or 7% sucrose solution (positive control) on different days. In a subgroup of subjects, responses to cold water (3 C) were tested.Main Outcome Measure: Resting energy expenditure, assessed by indirect calorimetry for 30 min before and 90 min after the drinks, was measured.Results: Energy expenditure did not increase after drinking either distilled water (P = 0.34) or 0.9% saline (P = 0.33). Drinking the 7% sucrose solution significantly increased energy expenditure (P &lt; 0.0001). Drinking water that had been cooled to 3 C caused a small increase in energy expenditure of 4.5% over 60 min (P &lt; 0.01).Conclusions: Drinking distilled water at room temperature did not increase energy expenditure. Cooling the water before drinking only stimulated a small thermogenic response, well below the theoretical energy cost of warming the water to body temperature. These results cast doubt on water as a thermogenic agent for the management of obesity.
Optically Active N,N′-Bis(3-oxobutylidene)diaminatomanganese(III) Complexes as Novel and Efficient Catalysts for Aerobic Enantioselective Epoxidation of Simple Olefins
Authors: Nagata Takushi , Imagawa Kiyomi , Yamada Tohru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel manganese(III) complex having an optically active N,N′-bis(3-oxobutylidene)diamine ligand with bulky substituents was prepared and characterized crystallographically. In the presence of a catalytic amount of the manganese(III) complex, unfunctionalized olefins were oxygenated to give optically active epoxides with molecular oxygen by the combined use of several aliphatic aldehydes. Cyclic and acyclic cis-β-substituted styrene derivatives, conjugated dienes, and enynes were converted into the corresponding epoxides with moderate-to-good enantioselectivities. The present aerobic and enantioselective epoxidation proceeded with the opposite enantioface selection from those obtained by using terminal oxidants, such as sodium hypochlorite and iodosylbenzene. The key intermediate of the aerobic asymmetric epoxidation is also discussed.
Generation and Reactions of Trifluoroacetimidoyl Radicals
Authors: Dan-oh Yasufumi , Matta Hirokazu , Uemura Junko , Watanabe Hisayuki , Uneyama Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Aryltrifluoroacetimidoyl radicals have been generated by three different methods: the tin-radical promoted deiodination and photochemical homolysis of imidoyl iodides and the thermal homolysis of imidoyl azo-compounds. N-[2-(1-alkynyl)phenyl]trifluoroacetimidoyl iodides have been converted to trifluoromethylated indoles by the tin-radical promoted homolysis of the carbon–iodine bond followed by intramolecular cyclization. The photolysis of trifluoroacetimidoyl iodides enabled both intra- and intermolecular cyclization to indoles and quinolines. Likewise, thermal reactions of N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-tritylazoethylidene)anilines provided trifluoromethylated quinolines and indoles.
Use of 2-Channel Bedside Electroencephalogram Monitoring in Term-Born Encephalopathic Infants Related to Cerebral Injury Defined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Shah Divyen K. , Lavery Shelly , Doyle Lex W. , Wong Connie , McDougall Peter , Inder Terrie E. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. Single-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography has been shown to be predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. We describe the relationship of quantifiable electroencephalogram (EEG) measures, obtained using a 2-channel digital bedside EEG monitor from term newborn infants with encephalopathy and/or seizures, to cerebral injury defined qualitatively by MRI.
METHODS. Median values of minimum, mean, and maximum EEG amplitude were obtained from term-born encephalopathic infants during a 2-hour seizure-free period obtained within 72 hours of admission. Infants underwent MRI with images qualitatively scored for abnormalities of cortex, white matter, deep nuclear gray matter, and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Eighty-six infants had EEG measures related to qualitative MRI outcomes.
RESULTS. The most common diagnosis was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (n = 40). For all infants there was a negative relationship between EEG amplitude measures and MRI abnormality scores assessed on a scale from 4 to 15, with a higher score indicating more abnormalities. This relationship was strongest for the minimum amplitude measures in both hemispheres; that is, for every unit increase in score there was a mean drop of 0.41 μv for the left cerebral hemisphere, with 35% of variance explained. This relationship persisted on sub-group analyses for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, infants with other diagnoses and infants monitored after the first 24 hours of life. Using an MRI abnormality score cutoff of 8 or worse for cerebral injury in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, a minimum amplitude of 4 μV showed a higher specificity (80%: left hemisphere), whereas a minimum amplitude of 6 μV showed a higher sensitivity (92%: left hemisphere).
CONCLUSIONS. Bedside EEG measures in term-born encephalopathic infants are related to the severity of cerebral injury as defined by qualitative MRI. A minimum amplitude of &lt;4 μV appears useful in predicting outcome.
Tympanometric Findings and the Probability of Middle-Ear Effusion in 3686 Infants and Young Children
Authors: Smith Clyde G. , Paradise Jack L. , Sabo Diane L. , Rockette Howard E. , Kurs-Lasky Marcia , Bernard Beverly S. , Colborn D. Kathleen 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. We examined relationships between tympanometric findings and the presence or absence of middle-ear effusion in a population-based sample of children under the age of 3 years.METHODS. In a study of children’s development in relation to early-life otitis media, we enrolled 6350 infants soon after birth and evaluated them regularly for the presence of middle-ear effusion. In 3686 of the children, we compared tympanometric findings with otoscopic diagnoses. We categorized tympanograms according to varying combinations of tympanometric peak height, peak pressure, and width, and calculated for each resulting category the percentage of the associated ears diagnosed as having effusion. Using these findings we developed algorithms for estimating the probability of middle-ear effusion associated with tympanograms of any configuration.RESULTS. For tympanograms generally, the lower their height and the greater their width, the greater was the probability of associated middle-ear effusion; the probability also was greater when peak pressure was negative rather than positive. Among children ≥6 months of age, effusion was diagnosed in only 2.7% of ears with tympanometric height ≥0.6 mL, but in 80.2% of ears with flat tympanograms. Relationships among younger infants were similar but less consistent. In both age groups, the tympanographic configurations most commonly encountered were associated with either a relatively low probability (&lt;30%) or a relatively high probability (&gt;70%) of the presence of middle-ear effusion.The receiver operating characteristic curve we generated using the algorithm we developed for children ≥6 months of age gave an area under the curve of 0.84. The algorithm performed equally well when applied to a separate group of children, suggesting that it is generalizable to other unselected populations.CONCLUSIONS. The present report offers two alternative methods for estimating the probability of middle-ear effusion in children aged 6 through 35 months, given any combination of tympanometric values.
Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and Injury in Primary School–Aged Children
Authors: Spinks Anneliese B. , McClure Roderick J. , Bain Chris , Macpherson Alison K. 
Published: July 2006

BACKGROUND. Regular physical activity is strongly advocated in children, with recommendations suggesting up to several hours of daily participation. However, an unintended consequence of physical activity is exposure to the risk of injury. To date, these risks have not been quantified in primary school–aged children despite injury being a leading cause for hospitalization and death in this population.
OBJECT. Our goal was to quantify the risk of injury associated with childhood physical activity both in and out of the school setting and calculate injury rates per exposure time for organized and non–organized activity outside of school.
METHODS. The Childhood Injury Prevention Study prospectively followed a cohort of randomly selected Australian primary school–and preschool-aged children (4 to 12 years). Over 12 months, each injury that required first aid attention was registered with the study. Exposure to physical activity outside school hours was measured by using a parent-completed 7-day diary. The age and gender distribution of injury rates per 10 000 hours of exposure were calculated for all activity and for organized and non–organized activity occurring outside school hours. In addition, child-based injury rates were calculated for physical activity–related injuries both in and out of the school setting.
RESULTS. Complete diary and injury data were available for 744 children. There were 504 injuries recorded over the study period, 396 (88.6%) of which were directly related to physical activity. Thirty-four percent of physical activity–related injuries required professional medical treatment. Analysis of injuries occurring outside of school revealed an overall injury rate of 5.7 injuries per 10000 hours of exposure to physical activity and a medically treated injury rate of 1.7 per 10000 hours.
CONCLUSION. Injury rates per hours of exposure to physical activity were low in this cohort of primary school–aged children, with &lt;2 injuries requiring medical treatment occurring for every 10000 hours of activity participation outside of school.