bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clot time ratio (CTR) and treatment outcomes in Apixaban-treated atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Onelöv Liselotte , Božič-Mijovski Mojca , Mavri Alenka 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere are clinical situations where information about the anticoagulant effects of Apixaban could be useful. Specialised methods for measuring Apixaban concentrations are not available at all medical laboratories while methods for measuring the functional effects of Apixaban, using clot time ratio (CTR), can be performed in most medical laboratories around the clock using well-established measurement procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate CTR in trough and peak samples during Apixaban treatment of atrial fibrillation and to correlate the findings to bleeds and thrombotic events. Three trough- and three peak samples from 61 patients (31 on Apixaban 5 mg twice daily and 30 on Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily) were analysed with MRX PT DOAC. Patients were followed for 30 + /-15 months, and bleeds and thrombotic events were documented. The effect of Apixaban could be measured with MRX PT DOAC and there was a statistically significant difference between CTR in trough samples compared to peak samples (p < 0.001). A total of 21 patients suffered bleeds during follow-up; two patients suffered major bleeds, and 19 suffered minor bleeds. Patients with major bleeds had both mean peak- and mean trough CTR above the respective first to third quartile (Q1–Q3) range. Four patients suffered thromboembolic events. Generally, the peak CTRs were below or in the lower end of the peak Q1–Q3 for these patients. The new test MRX PT DOAC can be used to measure the effect of Apixaban during the treatment of atrial fibrillation. High mean peak- and mean trough CTR were seen in 2 patients with major bleeds, and low peak CTR was seen in 4 patients with thromboembolic events.
Hyperforce balance via thermal Noether invariance of any observable
Authors: Robitschko Silas , Sammüller Florian , Schmidt Matthias , Hermann Sophie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNoether invariance in statistical mechanics provides fundamental connections between the symmetries of a physical system and its conservation laws and sum rules. The latter are exact identities that involve statistically averaged forces and force correlations and they are derived from statistical mechanical functionals. However, the implications for more general observables and order parameters are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that thermally averaged classical phase space functions are associated with exact hyperforce sum rules that follow from translational Noether invariance. Both global and locally resolved identities hold and they relate the mean gradient of a phase-space function to its negative mean product with the total force. Similar to Hirschfelder’s hypervirial theorem, the hyperforce sum rules apply to arbitrary observables in equilibrium. Exact hierarchies of higher-order sum rules follow iteratively. As applications we investigate via computer simulations the emerging one-body force fluctuation profiles in confined liquids. These local correlators quantify spatially inhomogeneous self-organization and their measurement allows for the development of stringent convergence tests and enhanced sampling schemes in complex systems.
Disease staging of Alzheimer’s disease using a CSF-based biomarker model
Authors: Salvadó Gemma , Horie Kanta , Barthélemy Nicolas R. , Vogel Jacob W. , Pichet Binette Alexa , Chen Charles D. , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Gordon Brian A. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Janelidze Shorena , Ossenkoppele Rik , Schindler Suzanne E. , Bateman Randall J. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiological staging of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may improve diagnostic and prognostic workup of dementia in clinical practice and the design of clinical trials. In this study, we used the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to establish a robust biological staging model for AD using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Our analysis involved 426 participants from BioFINDER-2 and was validated in 222 participants from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center cohort. SuStaIn identified a singular biomarker sequence and revealed that five CSF biomarkers effectively constituted a reliable staging model (ordered: Aβ42/40, pT217/T217, pT205/T205, MTBR-tau243 and non-phosphorylated mid-region tau). The CSF stages (0–5) demonstrated a correlation with increased abnormalities in other AD-related biomarkers, such as Aβ-PET and tau-PET, and aligned with longitudinal biomarker changes reflective of AD progression. Higher CSF stages at baseline were associated with an elevated hazard ratio of clinical decline. This study highlights a common molecular pathway underlying AD pathophysiology across all patients, suggesting that a single CSF collection can accurately indicate the presence of AD pathologies and characterize the stage of disease progression. The proposed staging model has implications for enhancing diagnostic and prognostic assessments in both clinical practice and the design of clinical trials.
The growth factor EPIREGULIN promotes basal progenitor cell proliferation in the developing neocortex
Authors: Cubillos Paula , Ditzer Nora , Kolodziejczyk Annika , Schwenk Gustav , Hoffmann Janine , Schütze Theresa M , Derihaci Razvan P , Birdir Cahit , Köllner Johannes EM , Petzold Andreas , Sarov Mihail , Martin Ulrich , Long Katherine R , Wimberger Pauline , Albert Mareike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeocortex expansion during evolution is linked to higher numbers of neurons, which are thought to result from increased proliferative capacity and neurogenic potential of basal progenitor cells during development. Here, we show that EREG, encoding the growth factor EPIREGULIN, is expressed in the human developing neocortex and in gorilla cerebral organoids, but not in the mouse neocortex. Addition of EPIREGULIN to the mouse neocortex increases proliferation of basal progenitor cells, whereas EREG ablation in human cortical organoids reduces proliferation in the subventricular zone. Treatment of cortical organoids with EPIREGULIN promotes a further increase in proliferation of gorilla but not of human basal progenitor cells. EPIREGULIN competes with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) to promote proliferation, and inhibition of the EGF receptor abrogates the EPIREGULIN-mediated increase in basal progenitor cells. Finally, we identify putative cis-regulatory elements that may contribute to the observed inter-species differences in EREG expression. Our findings suggest that species-specific regulation of EPIREGULIN expression may contribute to the increased neocortex size of primates by providing a tunable pro-proliferative signal to basal progenitor cells in the subventricular zone.
Synthesis of N-Trifluoromethyl Thiocarbamates and Ureas from 3-Aminopyridine-Derived Carbamates
Authors: Liu Jianbo , He Xingjin , Deng Linbei , You Ying , Lai Yongxing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of N-trifluoromethyl thiocarbamates and ureas from 3-pyridyl isothiocyanates via the nucleophilic substitution reaction of perfluorophenyl pyridin-3-yl(trifluoromethyl)carbamate is described. Recently, Schoenebeck’s group reported a straightforward method to access N-trifluoromethyl analogues of amides and related carbonyl compounds. However, N-trifluoromethyl thiocarbamates and ureas derived from pyridine-containing amines remain a synthetic challenge. In this paper, the strategy relies on the operationally simple preparation of perfluorophenyl pyridin-3-yl(trifluoromethyl)carbamates, which can smoothly undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with thiophenol, sodium mercaptide, and amine. Various functional groups such as amide, halogen, ether, and ester were tolerated under these reaction conditions. Notably, alkylamine structures containing pyridine heterocyclic rings are also compatible to access N-trifluoromethyl thiocarbamates.
Stereospecific Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkylboron Compounds: A Short Account
Authors: Lee Hong Geun , Roh Byeongdo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStereospecific approaches allow the introduction of a stereogenic center into complex organic molecules using optically active reagents. Among these, the Pd-catalyzed stereospecific cross-coupling of chiral alkylboron compounds stands out as a highly effective tool for organic synthesis. In parallel with advances in the development of borylation technology, the strategy has recently witnessed a growth in its applicability. This account aims to review the progress on Pd-catalyzed stereospecific B-alkyl Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, tracing its evolution from early breakthroughs to the most recent advances.1	Introduction2	Cross-Coupling of 1° Alkylboron Compounds3	Cross-Coupling of Benzylboron Compounds4	Cross-Coupling of Allyl- and Propargylboron Compounds5	Cross-Coupling of Other Types of Activated 2° Alkylboron Compounds6	Cross-Coupling of Unactivated 2° Alkylboron Compounds7	Conclusion and Outlook
A Simple Tool to Benchmark Reactivity in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Rovis Tomislav , Muñoz Alberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a simple and noninvasive experimental protocol in which a series of relative reaction rates may be obtained by way of single competition experiments. This approach permits a quantitative comparison of any given number of chiral catalysts relative to a ‘benchmarking’ chiral catalyst – a particularly useful tool since catalyst design and selection have remained largely dependent on chemical intuition. We apply this benchmarking approach towards an asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed intramolecular Stetter reaction as a proof-of-concept study. In doing so, we demonstrate a rapid method to assess the complex interplay between catalyst reactivity and stereoelectronic effects – an analytical approach that has heretofore not been attempted for NHCs. To showcase the generality of this method, we apply it to an enantioselective Rh(I)-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkenyl isocyanates and aryl alkynes for a series of chiral phosphoramidite ligands. The results described herein demonstrate that this inexpensive and easily adoptable protocol can reveal complex yet subtle steric and stereoelectronic effects of vastly different chiral catalyst structures, which can further aid with catalyst development and selection for a clearly defined application.
The Electrochemical trans-Chloroformyloxylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Queder Jona , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn attempted aryl selenium-catalyzed formation of cis-chlorohydrins from alkenes was unsuccessful but led to an electrochemical investigation for the trans-selective chloroformyloxylation of cyclic and acyclic alkenes in moderate to good yields. Interestingly, when 1,1-disubstituted alkenes were used, the corresponding vinyl chloride derivatives were obtained, and the application of 1-phenylcyclohex-1-ene led to the formation of an allyl chloride derivative.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Fetal Shunts
Authors: Manikandan K. , Bhatt Reema 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFetal shunt is placed into the fetus in order to drain fluid from a fluid-filled fetal area into the amniotic cavity. The main indications are hydrothorax, congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) with dominant cyst, and lower urinary tract obstruction.Fetal shunt is indicated if the hydrothorax is primary or hypertensive. In case of re-accumulation after a diagnostic tap or if the primary hydrothorax has led to a secondary nonimmune hydrops provided the primary nature is clearly established and in cases where gestational age is less than 34 weeks.A shunt in CPAM is indicated in case of CPAM with a dominant cyst where the CPAM volume ratio (CVR) is greater than 1.6, where macrocysts are visible within the lesion, where the diameter of the dominant cyst is more than one-third of the largest diameter of the lesion and where presence of hydrops is not a contraindication for shunting. In case of lower urinary tract obstruction, fetal shunt may be indicated if the following conditions are met. The etiology of lower urinary tract obstruction is posterior urethral valve with oligohydramnios and fetal urinalysis is favorable.
Eficácia da ressonância magnética dinâmica no diagnóstico da mielopatia cervical degenerativa: Protocolo de revisão sistemática*
Authors: Luizari Vanessa Pereira Gil , Oliveira Lorena Pereira dos Reis , Pontes Mariana Demétrio de Sousa , Soeira Thabata Pasquini , Herrero Carlos Fernando Pereira da Silva 
Published: March 2024

ResumoA mielopatia cervical degenerativa (MCD) é uma doença da coluna cervical com manifestações clínicas de compressão da medula espinal relacionadas ao estreitamento crônico, não traumático e progressivo do canal vertebral cervical. A ressonância magnética (RM) convencional é o exame padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico e a avaliação da gravidade da MCD. Contudo, o paciente encontra-se em posição neutra e estática durante a realização deste exame, o que pode desvalorizar os fatores dinâmicos da MCD, subestimando o risco de lesão medular relacionados aos movimentos de flexão e extensão da coluna cervical. A RM dinâmica é uma técnica promissora para modificar esse panorama. Portanto, a presente revisão tem o objetivo de responder a seguinte pergunta: “A RM dinâmica da coluna cervical é mais precisa no diagnóstico de MCD em comparação à RM convencional?” As buscas por estudos serão realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS e SciELO. A estratégia de busca conterá combinação de termos relacionados à mielopatia cervical e à ressonância magnética. Dois avaliadores independentes irão realizar a seleção dos estudos, a extração dos dados e a avaliação dos riscos de viés. A síntese dos resultados será realizada de maneira descritiva, considerando os principais achados dos estudos relacionados aos desfechos de interesse.
Um joelho com deficiência de ligamento cruzado anterior e alto grau no teste de pivot shift deve apresentar aumento de rotação interna?
Authors: Lima Luiz Henrique Pires de , Gomes João Luiz Ellera 
Published: March 2024

Resumo
Objetivo: A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é uma das lesões mais comuns em atletas e está frequentemente associada a danos nas estruturas anterolaterais. Esta combinação de lesões apresenta-se clinicamente como um teste de pivot shift de alto grau. A hipótese deste estudo é que pacientes com deficiência de LCA e teste de pivot shift de alto grau tenham aumento da rotação interna (RI) do joelho.
Métodos: Vinte e dois pacientes foram testados. Após raquianestesia efetiva, foram realizados dois testes com o paciente em posição supina. Primeiro, o teste de pivot shift bilateral foi realizado manualmente e seu grau foi registrado. Em seguida, com o joelho flexionado a 90 graus, o examinador traçou a projeção do pé em posição neutra e em RI máxima e mediu o ângulo de RI a partir dos eixos construídos entre o ponto central do calcanhar e o hálux.
Resultados: Joelhos com deficiência de LCA apresentam delta da RI média estatisticamente significativo de 10,5 graus entre os grupos sem ajuste de idade e de 10,6 graus com ajuste de idade.
Conclusões: Joelhos com deficiência do LCA e teste de pivot shift de grau I não apresentam aumento da RI em relação aos joelhos com LCA íntegro. Joelhos com deficiência do LCA e teste de pivot shift de graus II e III apresentam RI em comparação aos joelhos saudáveis.
Comparação entre os testes DN4 e DN4 interview na identificação de dor neuropática após cirurgia de fraturas
Authors: Waldolato Gustavo , Pereira Glauciana de Sousa , Carvalho Isabela Storch , Polese Janaine Cunha , Leopoldino Amanda Aparecida Oliveira 
Published: March 2024

Resumo
Objetivo: Comparar os resultados obtidos através do questionário DN4 com os do DN4i com aplicação via telefônica na identificação de dor neuropática após cirurgia de fraturas.
Métodos: Este foi um estudo metodológico com questionário aplicado presencialmente (DN4) e por telefone (DN4i). Foram elegíveis os participantes maiores de 18 anos de idade submetidos à cirurgia de fraturas em um hospital universitário no período de janeiro de 2017 a julho de 2020, que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e puderam comparecer ao departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do hospital. A concordância entre a pontuação total obtida na aplicação presencial e por telefone foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O coeficiente de Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os itens individuais dos questionários.
Resultados: Dos 53 participantes, 50 apresentaram resultado igual para rastreio de dor neuropática em relação ao DN4 com o DN4i, sendo 41 com escore positivo para dor neuropática e 12 com escore negativo. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o coeficiente Kappa apresentaram r = 0.84.
Conclusão: O uso telefônico do DN4i comparado à aplicação presencial do DN4 apresenta forte concordância tanto entre os itens individuais dos questionários quanto entre a pontuação total obtida.
Effect of sputtering working pressure on the reliability and performance of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Lee Taeho , Park Jin-Seok , Oh Saeroonter 
Published: March 2024

In this study, the reliability and electrical properties of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) are investigated when the working pressure of the sputtering system is varied. As IGZO is deposited at a low working pressure, the sputtering yield increases and the film density increases from 5.84 to 6.00 g/cm3 based on x-ray reflectivity measurements. IGZO TFT sputtered at low working pressure has a mobility of 8.05 cm2/V s, a threshold voltage of 1.25 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.25 V/dec. In addition, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that the oxygen content in the film decreases when IGZO is deposited at a low working pressure, resulting in improved positive bias stress reliability due to the oxygen-poor film. Furthermore, the IGZO film deposited at a low working pressure effectively prevents the formation of defects caused by the environment such as H2O molecules.
Phase-field modeling of ATG instability in Allen–Cahn framework
Authors: Chen Xuyang , Li Guangchao , Lin Feng 
Published: March 2024

The phenomenon of Asaro–Tiller–Grinfeld (ATG) instability is common in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) process. In order to investigate the ATG instability, a two-dimensional mathematical model is established, which considers elastic stress. The phase-field method is utilized to simulate the interface evolution and the stress distribution. Furthermore, the Allen–Cahn approach, coupled with the motion of the interface, is used to investigate the morphology evolution. The results show that the thin film becomes unstable when it reaches a critical value. The critical thickness of the thin film is about 5.08 nm. The interface breaks into several parts due to the effect of elastic stress. The validity and correctness of the model are verified by the relevant theoretical results. Moreover, the numerical model can provide the basis for optimizing the ATG instability phenomenon in the MBE process.
Adaptive mesh refinement in binary black holes simulations
Authors: Rashti Alireza , Bhattacharyya Maitraya , Radice David , Daszuta Boris , Cook William , Bernuzzi Sebastiano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We discuss refinement criteria for the Berger–Rigoutsos (block-based) refinement algorithm in our numerical relativity code GR-Athena++ in the context of binary black hole (BBH) merger simulations. We compare three different strategies: the ‘box-in-box’ approach, the ‘sphere-in-sphere’ approach and a local criterion for refinement based on the estimation of truncation error of the finite difference scheme. We extract and compare gravitational waveforms using the three different mesh refinement methods and compare their accuracy against a calibration waveform and demonstrate that the sphere-in-sphere approach provides the best strategy overall when considering computational cost and the waveform accuracy. Ultimately, we demonstrate the capability of each mesh refinement method in accurately simulating gravitational waves from BBH systems—a crucial aspect for their application in next-generation detectors. We quantify the mismatch achievable with the different strategies by extrapolating the gravitational wave mismatch to higher resolution.
Fabrication of micro-ultrasonic phased array electrode via electric field-driven printing method
Authors: Cheng E , Zhu Yeming , Deng Qibo , Zhang Zhengyan , Tian Xintao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The electrode is an important part of a micro-ultrasonic phased array, commonly fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology. However, with the expansion of the application field, the structures of the phased arrays are becoming more complex, making the traditional magnetron sputtering method no longer applicable, and the realization of micro-scale phased array electrodes by direct printing technology still faces great challenges. Herein, an electric field-driven direct printing method was proposed to fabricate micro-ultrasonic phased array electrodes. The influence of sintering parameters on the resistivity and the effect of printing parameters on the geometric size and surface morphology of the electrode were comprehensively explored, and the mathematical model between the electrode line width and the printing parameters was established. The final printed electrodes exhibit superior properties with a resistivity of 2.4 × 10−7

Ω
⋅
m

, a surface roughness range of 460–550 nm, and a line width range of 125–480 µm. Additionally, a micro-scale electrode was printed on the piezoelectric ceramic with PZT-5 as the material, and after polarization treatment, the piezoelectric coefficient can reach 405 pC N−1, which proves that this method can be applied in the field of fabricating phased array electrodes.
Numerical and experimental investigation on droplet entrainment mechanism and closed equations of two-fluid model
Authors: Wang Mi , Liu Jiegui , Bai Yuxin , Fang Lide 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As a clean and low-carbon energy source, natural gas is an important force in achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Affected by the strong force of gas and liquid during mining and transportation, it exhibits the phenomenon of droplet entrainment. Entrained droplets change the properties of gas and liquid phases, which is crucial for accurate measurement of liquid film thickness, gas holdup, pressure drop and flow rates in natural gas pipelines. The measurement of entrained droplets has always been a focus and difficulty in the two-phase flow research field. Therefore, numerical simulation combined with experimental measurement are presented to study the droplet entrainment mechanism and closed equations of two-fluid model. The specific parameter settings for simulating horizontal gas–liquid annular flow based on numerical method are discussed, and effective simulation of droplet entrainment and deposition in annular flow is achieved. By comparing liquid film thickness and wave velocity from the simulation results with the experimental results, the correctness of the simulation method is verified. Then, the mechanism and dynamic evolution process of entrained droplets in annular flow are revealed, and the generation and deposition characteristics of entrained droplets are studied. As a result, the closed equations of two-fluid model such as droplet velocity, gas–liquid interface velocity, and gas–liquid interface friction factor are established. The proposed two-fluid model is validated using dual mode ultrasound and differential pressure sensors, demonstrating its good applicability and extrapolation.