bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a unique manganese-containing biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16, isolated from soil found in a mixed farm, located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okorie I. K. M. , Ogunjobi A. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The worldwide occurrence of antibiotic resistance, has triggered the quest for viable alternatives, to the failing antibiotics in common usage. Biosurfactants have been studied for their potential in this regard. The aim of this study, was to characterise a biosurfactant, produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16 (accession number OQ734845), shown to possess effective biocontrol activity, against Staphylococcus aureus SO183 at 0.060 g/L. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16 was isolated from soil in a mixed farm, at Ajibode area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, with the use of the pour plate method, identified through biochemical tests, and confirmed through molecular studies. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the biosurfactant possessed a surface composed of, globular and spindle-shaped projections, while energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed that its elemental composition was mainly oxygen (3.00%), carbon (36.10%), nitrogen (43.00%), phosphorus (3.00%) and sodium (6.60%); the least abundant was manganese (0.48%). High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, revealed that the monosaccharides, were mainly rhamnose, glucose, xylose and mannose, while the phenol-sulfuric acid method measured their concentration as 0.0047 g/L. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealed the presence of carboxyl, alcohol, amine and halo functional groups, amongst others. The biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16 was a positively charged, manganese-containing, polymeric biosurfactant made up of carbohydrates, lipid and peptide molecules. It was likely a positively-charged, manganese-containing glycolipopeptide/glycolipoprotein, polysaccharide-protein-fatty acid composite, or lipopolysaccharide-protein composite. The manganese probably conferred to it, the potential for antibacterial and diverse bioactivities. From available records, this is the first report of a manganese-containing biosurfactant.
Penerapan Media Roda Putar untuk Meningkatkan Gramatika Bahasa Arab di MA Assunniyyah Kencong
Authors: Furoidah Asni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Arabic grammar is the science of legislation and rules in Arabic or better known as nahwu and shorof. Learning Arabic grammar for students is not easy, boring learning and containing memorizing materials makes students' interest in learning and students' abilities in learning materials decrease. The use of rotary wheel media can help students improve Arabic grammatical skills. This study aims to describe the application of the rotating wheel media to improve Arabic grammatical skills. The results of the application of this rotating wheel show that the majority of students are capable of learning Arabic grammar based on assessment indicators. This rotary wheel media can be used as an alternative media in Arabic learning to improve Arabic grammar skills for students.
Model “Nine Instructional Events Gagne” dan Penerapannya dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Ghozaly Umi Machmudah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tidak sedikit orang memahami bahwa aktivitas-aktivitas eksternal yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab akan berdampak positif dalam memunculkan respon siswa. Peristiwa pembelajaran yang terdiri dari 9 langkah ini (1. menarik perhatian, 2. memberitahukan tujuan pembelajaran kepada si-belajar, 3. merangsang ingatan pada prasyarat belajar, 4. menyajikan bahan perangsang, 5. memberikan bimbingan belajar, 6. mendorong unjuk kerja, 7. memberikan balikan informatif, 8. menilai unjuk kerja dan 9. meningkatkan retensi dan alih belajar) amat penting karena mampu memicu “aktivitas internal” siswa. Penelitian dengan judul Model “Nine of Instructional Events Gagne” dan Penerapannya dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma’arif 01 Singosari Malang ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan penerapan “Nine of Instructional Events Gagne” dan perwujudan aktivitas internal siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma’arif 01 Singosari Malang. Melalui analisis kualitatif didapatkan bahwa: 1) aktivitas eksternal dapat didasarkan pada 9 langkah peristiwa pembelajaran gagne sehingga dapat memicu munculnya aktivitas internal berupa respon dari siswa. 2) aktivitas internal siswa dapat berupa respon-respon terhadap pembelajaran dari guru yang bersifat timbal balik.
Keyword: Nine Instructional Events Gagne, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Most of people understand that external activities carried out by teachers in Arabic learning would have a positive impact in eliciting student responses. This learning events that consist of 9 steps (1. attracting attention, 2. informing the learning objectives to the learner, 3. stimulating memory on learning prerequisites, 4. presenting stimulant materials, 5. providing the learning guidance, 6. encouraging to perform, 7. providing informative feedback, 8. assessing the performance and 9. increasing the retention and learning transfer) are very important because it can trigger students’ "internal activity". This research entitled "Nine Instructional Events Gagne" Model and Its Application in Arabic Learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma'arif 01 Singosari Malang uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type. The purpose of this study aims to reveal the application of "Nine Instructional Events Gagne" and the embodiment of students' internal activities in the Arabic learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma'arif 01 Singosari Malang. Through a qualitative analysis, it was found that: 1) external activities can be based on 9 steps of Gagne learning events which can trigger the emergence of internal activities in the form of responses from students. 2) the students' internal activities can be in the form of responses towards the learning process from teachers that are reciprocal.
Keyword: Nine Instructional Events Gagne, Arabic Learning
Research on environment and sustainable development education under the background of green ecology
Authors: Liu Gang , Huan Xu , Deng Xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The implementation of environmental and sustainable development goal (SDG) education helps to cultivate people's awareness of environmental protection and the concept of SDG, and is conducive to the protection and management of the environment. However, due to the weak awareness of education and lack of environmental protection knowledge in the environment and SDG education, environmental protection work has been affected. Therefore, this article proposed the implementation strategy of environment and SDG education from the perspective of green ecology. This research utilized datasets agricultural biomass accumulated from five cities of Guandong (i.e., Foshan [F], Heshan [H], Nanxiong [N], and Shantou [S]) province, China. Through experimental research, the utilization rate of agricultural waste and utilization ratio of straw was explored by using data envelopment analysis, and then, the environmental awareness of students and the environmental education level of teachers under the environmental and SDG education strategies of green ecological concept were combined. The results showed that the proportion of straw waste biomass utilization in S city was the highest among the four cities; the implementation strategy of environment and SDG education proposed in this article can enhance students’ awareness of environmental protection by 5.21% and improve environmental education level of teachers by 9.51%.
Actors' perspectives on barriers to the use of sewage sludge in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Oskar , Pettersson Maria , Bauer Torben 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Land application of sewage sludge has long been subject to concern. Among the reasons for these concerns are, for example, the occurrence of odours and the risk of spreading heavy metals and pathogens, but also a negative perception regarding the use of sludge. In this paper, we focus on the actors' perceptions of sewage sludge use and investigate, through a series of interviews with key actors and stakeholders in the sewage sludge management chain, how technology, the regulatory framework or public perception may function as barriers to valuing sewage sludge as a resource. The uncertainty following outdated legislation and constantly changing policies are frequently mentioned as the main barriers to investment in new technologies, which, in the respondents' opinion, creates a deadlock within the sector with no clear path forward. Although all respondents act and argue with a focus on environment and circularity, their overall sludge management strategies, as well as the issues they focus on, differ. Our study indicates that Swedish sludge management is, to a large extent, siloed and there is a clear need for a more holistic approach that can help actors to target common issues.
Future projection of water resources based on digitalisation and open data in a water-rich region: a case study of the city of Klagenfurt
Authors: Oberascher Martin , Maussner Claudia , Truppe Dietmar , Eggeling Eva , Sitzenfrei Robert 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Implementation of different strategies on the demand and supply side to deal with potential water scarcity is based on a comparison of future water demand and availability of water resources based on different scenarios of climate change and population growth. Especially, the Alpine region is characterised by many small and medium water supply systems (WSSs) having neither human resources nor time for advanced planning, requiring simple methods for estimating future development. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide future projections of water demand, resource availability, and drinking water quality for an Alpine area based on simple approaches with minimal data requirements. As the results of the case study show, linear and polynomial regression with precipitation and temperature data can illustrate the temporal variation of system input and drinking water temperature with sufficient accuracy and is suitable for an estimation of future development. The groundwater modelling, however, requires the consideration of a non-linear term depending on the depth to obtain reasonable results. Due to the usage of open-access data and the easy approaches developed and applied, a good transferability to other case studies is expected which can provide stakeholders a first assessment of the future need for action.
Fragment-based Drug Discovery Strategy and its Application to the Design of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Jiang Yu , Wu Yingnan , Wang Jing , Ma Yuheng , Yu Hui , Wang Zhanli 
Published: March 2024

:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
emerged at the end of 2019, causing a highly infectious and pathogenic disease known
as 2019 coronavirus disease. This disease poses a serious threat to human health and
public safety. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is a highly sought-after target for
developing drugs against COVID-19 due to its exceptional specificity. Its crystal structure
has been extensively documented. Numerous strategies have been employed in the
investigation of Mpro inhibitors. This paper is primarily concerned with Fragment-based
Drug Discovery (FBDD), which has emerged as an effective approach to drug design in
recent times. Here, we summarize the research on the approach of FBDD and its application
in developing inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Disruptions of Gut Microbiota are Associated with Cognitive Deficit of
Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yu Binbin , Wan Guomeng , Cheng Shupeng , Wen Pengcheng , Yang Xi , Li Jiahuan , Tian Huifang , Gao Yaxin , Zhong Qian , Liu Jin , Li Jianan , Zhu Yi 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. The
early change of gut microbiota is a potential biomarker for preclinical AD patients.

Objective:
The study aimed to explore changes in gut microbiota characteristics in preclinical AD
patients, including those with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment
(MCI), and detect the correlation between gut microbiota characteristics and cognitive performances.

Methods:
This study included 117 participants [33 MCI, 54 SCD, and 30 Healthy Controls (HC)].
We collected fresh fecal samples and blood samples from all participants and evaluated their cognitive
performance. We analyzed the diversity and structure of gut microbiota in all participants
through qPCR, screened characteristic microbial species through machine learning models, and explored
the correlations between these species and cognitive performances and serum indicators.

Results:
Compared to the healthy controls, the structure of gut microbiota in MCI and SCD patients
was significantly different. The three characteristic microorganisms, including Bacteroides
ovatus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Roseburia inulinivorans, were screened based on the
best classification model (HC and MCI) having intergroup differences. Bifidobacterium adolescentis
is associated with better performance in multiple cognitive scores and several serum indicators.
Roseburia inulinivorans showed negative correlations with the scores of the Functional Activities
Questionnaire (FAQ).

Conclusion:
The gut microbiota in patients with preclinical AD has significantly changed in terms
of composition and richness. Correlations have been discovered between changes in characteristic
species and cognitive performances. Gut microbiota alterations have shown promise in affecting
AD pathology and cognitive deficit.
Current Progress on Central Cholinergic Receptors as Therapeutic
Targets for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Nagori Kushagra , Pradhan Madhulika , Sharma Mukesh , Ajazuddin  , Badwaik Hemant R. , Nakhate Kartik T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Acetylcholine (ACh) is ubiquitously present in the nervous system and has been involved in the regulation of various brain functions. By modulating synaptic transmission and promoting synaptic plasticity, particularly in the hippocampus and cortex, ACh plays a pivotal role in
the regulation of learning and memory. These procognitive actions of ACh are mediated by the
neuronal muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The impairment of cholinergic transmission leads to cognitive decline associated with aging and dementia. Therefore, the cholinergic system has been of prime focus when concerned with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common
cause of dementia. In AD, the extensive destruction of cholinergic neurons occurs by amyloid-β
plaques and tau protein-rich neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid-β also blocks cholinergic receptors
and obstructs neuronal signaling. This makes the central cholinergic system an important target
for the development of drugs for AD. In fact, centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors like
donepezil and rivastigmine are approved for the treatment of AD, although the outcome is not satisfactory. Therefore, identification of specific subtypes of cholinergic receptors involved in the
pathogenesis of AD is essential to develop future drugs. Also, the identification of endogenous rescue mechanisms to the cholinergic system can pave the way for new drug development. In this article, we discussed the neuroanatomy of the central cholinergic system. Further, various subtypes of
muscarinic and nicotinic receptors involved in the cognition and pathophysiology of AD are described in detail. The article also reviewed primary neurotransmitters that regulate cognitive processes by modulating basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons.
Comparative Outcomes of Intravenous, Intranasal, and Intracerebroventricular Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells in Mice Model of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Mengze , Song Yaying , Xie Chong , Guan Yangtai 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Transplantation of neural stem cells improves ischemic stroke outcomes
in rodent models and is currently in the clinical test stage. However, the optimal delivery route to
achieve improved efficacy remains undetermined.

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate three more clinically feasible delivery routes: intravenous
(IV), intranasal (IN), and intracerebroventricular (ICV). We compared the therapeutic efficacies
of the three routes of transplanting human neural stem cells (hNSCs) into mice with permanent
middle cerebral artery obstruction (pMCAO).

Methods:
Behavioral tests and cresyl violet staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies
of functional recovery and lesion volumes. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and
neurotrophic factors was measured by real-time PCR. The distribution and differentiation of hNSCs
were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The effect on endogenous neurogenesis
and astrocyte function were determined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot.

Results:
hNSC transplantation using the three routes improved behavioral outcomes and reduced
lesion volumes; IV transplantation of hNSCs results in earlier efficacy and improves the inflammatory
microenvironment. The long-term distribution and differentiation of transplanted hNSCs in
the peri-infarct areas can only be evaluated using ICV delivery. IV and ICV transplantation of hNSCs
promote neurogenesis and modulate the dual function of astrocytes in the peri-infarct areas.

Conclusion:
IV and IN delivery is suitable for repeated administration of hNSCs to achieve improved
prognosis. Comparatively, ICV transplantation provides long-term efficacy at lower doses
and fewer administration times.
A Review on Tau Targeting Biomimetics Nano Formulations: Novel
Approach for Targeting Alzheimer's Diseases
Authors: Singh Aditya , Maheshwari Shubhrat , Yadav Jagat P. , Varshney Aditya P. , Singh Sudarshan , Prajapati Bhupendra G. 
Published: March 2024

:
Central nervous system disorders are prevalent, profoundly debilitating, and poorly
managed. Developing innovative treatments for these conditions, including Alzheimer's disease,
could significantly improve patients' quality of life and reduce the future economic burden on
healthcare systems. However, groundbreaking drugs for central nervous system disorders have
been scarce in recent years, highlighting the pressing need for advancements in this field. One significant
challenge in the realm of nanotherapeutics is ensuring the precise delivery of drugs to their
intended targets due to the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease. Although numerous therapeutic
approaches for Alzheimer's have been explored, most drug candidates targeting amyloid-β have
failed in clinical trials. Recent research has revealed that tau pathology can occur independently of
amyloid-β and is closely correlated with the clinical progression of Alzheimer's symptoms. This
discovery suggests that tau could be a promising therapeutic target. One viable approach to managing
central nervous system disorders is the administration of nanoparticles to neurons, intending to
inhibit tau aggregation by directly targeting p-tau. In Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid plaques
and neurofibrillary tau tangles hinder neuron transmission and function. The disease also triggers
persistent inflammation, compromises the blood-brain barrier, leads to brain shrinkage, and causes
neuronal loss. While current medications primarily manage symptoms and slow cognitive decline,
there is no cure for Alzheimer's.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitrofurantoin using Green Synthesized
Silver-doped Palladium Nanocluster-Modified Sensor
Authors: Subash Rounak , Sridharan Gokul , Nallaswamy Deepak , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: March 2024

Aim:
This study presents a novel green synthesis approach for successfully fabricating
silver-doped palladium nanoclusters (Ag-Pd NCs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Strobilanthes
kunthiana as a reducing and stabilizing agent.

Background:
The environmentally benign method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional
chemical synthesis, circumventing hazardous chemicals and minimizing the generation of toxic byproducts.

Objectives:
The successful green synthesis of Ag-Pd NCs using Strobilanthes kunthiana leaf extract
and their application as an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for determining nitrofurantoin
(NFT).

Methods::
The synthesized Ag-Pd NCs were extensively characterized by using diverse analytical techniques,
including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron
microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Results:
As-synthesized Ag-Pd NCs were employed as a sensing platform for electrochemical detection
of NFT, an important antibiotic widely used in clinical applications. The electrochemical method
demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of about 1.56 μA μM−1 cm−2, the lowest detection limit
(LOD) of 3.2 μM and a linear range of determination from 5 to 210 μM. This new electrochemical
sensor exhibited excellent stability and reproducibility, making it suitable for practical applications
in real-world samples.

Conclusions:
The green synthesis of Ag-Pd NCs using Strobilanthes kunthiana leaf extract and their
application as an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for detecting NFT was demonstrated. The
combination of green synthesis and advanced electrochemical sensing underscores the potential of these
nanomaterials in developing environmentally friendly sensors for pharmaceutical analysis and clinical
diagnostics. The findings presented herein will contribute to the growing field of green nanotechnology
and sustainable sensor development for advanced healthcare and environmental monitoring.
Erosion Prediction Gaussian Process Regression Algorithm for Alumina
and Chromia Reinforced Nickel-Based High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Coatings
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Satish , Vasudev Hitesh , Kumar Ranvijay 
Published: March 2024

Background::
Machine learning (ML) methodologies have demonstrated efficacy in the
determination of erosion rates and material removal. In this context, a novel Erosion Prediction
Gaussian Process Regression Algorithm (EPGPRA) was developed to predict the volumetric erosion
in thermal spray coatings.

Aim::
In this patent, a novel EPGPRA based model was developed to predict the volumetric loss of
30Al2O3 and 20Cr2O3 reinforced Ni-based coatings deposited using a high-velocity oxy-fuel
(HVOF) process.

Objective::
The objective of this patent is to develop a GPR model for the prediction of Ni-30Al2O3
and Ni-20Cr2O3 coatings.

Methods::
Spraying powders were applied to the SS316L steel substrate in order to develop coatings.
An erosion tester was used in order to investigate the wear resistance of HVOF-coated steel.
The gathered experimental dataset is put to use in the construction of a powerful GPR model. The
outcomes from GPR model were then measured against the values obtained from the experiments.
To demonstrate the accuracy of the GPR model, the produced model is evaluated against various
cutting-edge machine learning methods.

Results::
This innovation was successful in terms of developing a new GPR model for wear prediction.
The discrepancy between the actual and expected values is the smallest for Matern 5/2 (M5/2)
GPR in the validation set. It was also lesser as compared to Ensemble Boosted Trees, Support Vector
Machine, Linear regression, and Fine Tree. In terms of MSE, MAE, RMSE, and R2 the accuracy
performance of the M5/2 GPR model was determined to be 9.8565×10-5, 0.0048884, 0.009928, and
0.93 correspondingly. Ni-Chromia coating performed better than the Ni-Alumina.

Conclusion::
As per this patent, a novel EPGPRA-based model was developed, which is the better
machine learning technique for wear prediction of Ni-based HVOF coatings.