bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining “Romans” in the Late Antique Near East: Some Preliminary Thoughts on the “Romans” in Sūrat al-Rūm
Authors: Kavvadas Nestor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the opening lines of the sūrah named after the “Romans,” Q Rūm 30, the qurʾānic preacher expresses his solidarity with the “Romans” who had then been defeated by the Persian army. In seeking to better understand these verses, one may start with the question: Who exactly are the “Romans” here? “Roman” was a broad, multifaceted term, as Yannis Stouraitis has lately pointed out, based mainly on sources written after the seventh century and stemming from the Greek-speaking “West” of the Byzantine Empire. In this study, using mainly Syriac sources but also some hitherto unnoticed Greek testimonies coming from the Near East, this semantic variability of the word “Roman” is shown to further expand when going East. Like in most Syriac sources, “Romans” in Q Rūm primarily means members of the Byzantine army (and state apparatus), be they ethnic Greeks, Syrians, or Arabs. At the same time, the “Romans” of this sūrah are all inhabitants, all “citizens” of the Byzantine Empire – not just its armies and magistrates. This latter sense corresponds to the broader sense in which “Romans” is used not only in Syriac, but also in Greek sources (and in other languages of the Late Antique Near East). That broader sense is one that we find in a definition by the Damascene Sophronios of Jerusalem, according to whom “Roman” is anyone “stemming from a city subject to the Romans.”
Another qurʾānic passage that refers to the Byzantines (though without naming them), which has very much to do with the same geopolitical context of the Byzantine-Persian wars, Q Māʾidah 5:17, seems to criticize a “Byzantine” confidence in the invincibility of Christ and Mary. Why does the Qurʾān chose to name the Romans when expressing solidarity with them, yet leave them unnamed when criticizing them? Could it be the case that this difference between naming the “Romans” and leaving them unnamed is somehow meant to show that the solidarity with the “Romans,” as declared expressis verbis in the Sūrat al-Rūm, concerns the entire Byzantine world whereas the sharp criticism in al-Māʾidah is not general in the same sense?
Implementation of the Mind Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q) for routine health-related quality of life screening of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a large tertiary care center
Authors: Stojanova Aleksandra , Harrison Mary-Ann , Mitsakakis Nicholas , Thawer Zoyah , Kirolos Nardin , Stevens Liz , Paul Jolianne , Richardson Christine , Zuijdwijk Caroline , Goldbloom Ellen B. , Lawrence Sarah , Robinson Marie-Eve , Ahmet Alexandra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Prevalence of diabetes distress and mental health comorbidities among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is high. Despite recommendations for routine psychosocial risk assessment, there is little guidance for their implementation. This study aims to describe the implementation and baseline outcomes of the Mind Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q), a validated psychosocial screening tool for health-related quality of life (QoL) including mood, among adolescents living with T1D.

Methods
Adolescents aged 13–18 years completed the MY-Q from October 1, 2019–April 1, 2023. Baseline characteristics, MY-Q results including categories flagged positive (noting possible areas of concern), debrief duration, and frequency of social work or mental health referral were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
A total of 343 adolescents (mean age 15.3 years; 52 % female) completed a baseline MY-Q. Median overall MY-Q debrief time (IQR) was 10.0 min (6.0, 20.0). About 290 (84.5 %) adolescents had at least one of seven categories flagged, most commonly “Family” (61 %). About 30 % of adolescents had “Mood” flagged, and 2.9 % of adolescents were referred to mental health following debrief.

Conclusions
Without the need for additional resources, implementation of the MY-Q in a pediatric tertiary care diabetes clinic successfully identified QoL issues and mental health concerns among adolescents with T1D.
Current obstetric outcomes in Jamaican women with sickle hemoglobinopathy – a balance of risks for aspirin?
Authors: Gibson Shanea M.P. , Hunter Tiffany A. , Charles Phillip E. , Morgan Melonie A.C. , Griffith-Anderson Shari K.R. , Cruickshank J. Kennedy , Gossell-Williams Maxine D. , Johnson Nadine A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs in 2.8 % of our Jamaican antenatal population with homozygous HbSS being most associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective comparative analysis of HbSS, HbSC and HbSβThal pregnancy outcomes at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) between January 2012 and December 2022 was conducted.

Results
Of 120 patients (138 pregnancies), obesity occurred in 36 % (20/56) of the ‘non-HbSS’ group, i.e. HbSβThal (55 %, 5/9) and HbSC (32 %, 15/47) combined vs. 9.7 % of the HbSS (8/82). HbSS patients had more crises requiring transfusions, acute chest syndrome (ACS), maternal ‘near-misses’ (OR=10.7, 95 % 3.5–32.3; p<0.001), hospitalizations (OR 7.6, 95 % CI 3.4–16.9; p<0.001), low birth weight (LBW) neonates (OR 3.1, 1.1–8.9; p=0.037) and preterm birth (OR=2.6, 1.2–5.8; p=0.018) compared to HbSC and HbSβThal. Low dose aspirin was prescribed in 43 %. Logistic regression showed those NOT on aspirin (n=76) had more miscarriages (22 v. 2 %), were LESS likely to have a live birth (75 v. 95 % (0.2, 0.04–0.57, p=0.005)), but surprisingly had fewer painful crises (28 v. 46 % (0.5, 0.03–0.9, p=0.03)).

Conclusions
HbSS women had a 10-fold excess of maternal near-misses. Additional research may further clarify the effects of aspirin on pregnancy outcomes as related to SCD genotypes.
Non-integrated conditionals as speech-event modifiers: evidence from Romance
Authors: Munaro Nicola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Capitalizing on the basic distinction between central and peripheral adverbial clauses, the main aim of this contribution is to shed some light on certain left-right asymmetries in the distributional properties of integrated and non-integrated (concessive) conditional clauses in standard Italian, drawing indirect evidence from multiple complementizer constructions in (early) Romance. By exploring the distribution of preposed central conditional clauses in multiple complementizer constructions in some early Italo-Romance varieties and in modern Ibero-Romance, I argue, following previous analyses, that this kind of adverbial clauses occupy a topic-related specifier position within the left periphery of embedded clauses; similarly, in modern Italian and in some Italo-Romance varieties, central (concessive) conditional clauses may undergo fronting to the specifier of a functional projection situated within the higher Topic field, but crucially below the Force node. I claim that, unlike central conditionals, non-integrated addressee-oriented conditional clauses should be analyzed as sentential speech event modifiers generated within the specifier of a speech-act related projection in the left-periphery above the Force node of the main clause, which accounts for their peculiar distributional properties.
Insight on the properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced nitrile rubber composites cured by ionizing radiation or peroxide: a comparative study
Authors: El-Nemr Khaled F. , Radi Hamdi , Khalaf Aman I. , Hamdy Eman M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A comparative study was carried out between ionizing radiation and dicumyl peroxide (Dicup) as two different curing systems for nitrile rubber (NBR) reinforced with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Upon ionizing irradiation, the tensile strength (TS) of the composites increases with increasing absorbed dose up to 50 kGy and then decreases with increasing absorbed dose. TS also increases with increasing of MWCNTs content up to 0.75 phr (part per hundred part of rubber). TS values are decreased in the case of Dicup curing as compared with radiation curing. Other characterizations were made, such as the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies (FTIR), and morphological characterization, which give further implications for the good compatibility between MWCNTs and NBR phases. A study of the effect of fuel on NBR/MWCNTs composites showed that the composites cured by Dicup had lower values for swelling in fuels when compared with others that were cured by radiation.
Multifunctional application of different iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Velayudham Radhakrishnan , Natarajan Jeyakumaran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles have found wide applications in different fields of biomedicine and advanced catalytic applications. Several studies have suggested using iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2O3-NPs) be a potential candidate for antibacterial activity assessment. Iron oxide nanoparticles, apart from being available extensively and cheap, also plays a vital part in multiple biological processes, making it an interesting choice of selection. The aim of the present study revolves around synthesis and characterization of iron oxide Fe2O3-NPs, followed by assessment of its antimicrobial activities and its catalytic behaviour. Synthesis of Fe2O3-NPs was performed by co-precipitation approach, and commercial iron oxide samples were studied for the comparison. The silver nanoparticles were also doped to the iron oxide nanoparticles and studied for the synergic effect. The samples characterization was done by UV-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy (RAMAN). Antimicrobial activity was checked by agar diffusion assay against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The electrode performance of the iron oxide samples was done by cyclic voltammetry to explore their application in the energy storage and sensor.
Die elektronische Aktie nach dem Zukunftsfinanzierungsgesetz – Eine neue Form der Begebung von Aktien
Authors: Kühlthau Susanne , Oppenheim Robert , Förster Philip , Grimm Sascha N. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Bis vor Kurzem war die Begebung elektronischer Aktien in Deutschland nicht möglich. Durch die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes zur Finanzierung von zukunftssichernden Investitionen (Zukunftsfinanzierungsgesetz – ZuFinG) hat sich dies geändert. Dieses sieht die Möglichkeit vor, elektronische Aktien (eAktien) zu begeben. Damit ist ein großer Schritt in Richtung Digitalisierung des Kapitalmarktes in Deutschland getan. Im Detail werfen die neuen Regelungen zur eAktie aber dennoch Fragen auf.
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den Weg von der „klassischen“ verbrieften Aktie zur nunmehr funktionell verbrieften, elektronischen Aktie und ordnet die eAktie in das bestehende aktienrechtliche und wertpapierrechtliche System ein. Sodann beleuchtet der Beitrag die Möglichkeiten der Übertragung und Verfügung über die eAktie aus rechtlicher und praktischer Perspektive, bevor abschließend ein Exkurs zum viel beachteten Verbot der Krypto-Inhaberaktie erfolgt.
Incidencia de dedo flotante en la osteotomía metatarsiana distal percutánea con osteosíntesis para el tratamiento de la metatarsalgia con dedo en martillo rígido
Authors: Bilbao Facundo , Cafruni Virginia María , Cardone Guillermo , Villena Daniel Sebastián , Verbner Jonathan Maximiliano , Carrasco N. Marina 
Published: April 2024

Introducción: La metatarsalgia central es una causa frecuente de dolor de antepié. La osteotomía de Weil es el tratamiento quirúrgico más popular y la osteotomía metatarsiana distal percutánea (OMDP) es la técnica percutánea más utilizada. La principal desventaja de estas técnicas es la aparición de dedo flotante que es aún mayor cuando se la asocia a artrodesis interfalángica proximal (AIFP). En esta serie de casos, se combinó la OMDP y la osteosíntesis con clavija de Kirschner para elevar el centro de rotación de la cabeza del metatarsiano con el objetivo de disminuir la presencia de dedos flotantes. Nuestra principal hipótesis fue que esta técnica generará menos dedos flotantes en los pacientes con diagnóstico de metatarsalgia mecánica y dedo en martillo rígido, comparada con la osteotomía de Weil.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de metatarsalgia mecánica y dedo en martillo rígido. Se los sometió a una OMDP más fijación con clavija de Kirschner en combinación con AIFP. Finalmente, se comparó la presencia de dedos flotantes con un grupo de pacientes operados con la técnica de Weil y AIFP.
Resultados: Se realizaron 39 OMDP más AIFP. La tasa de dedos flotantes fue del 31%. No hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa comparada con la técnica de Weil (36%, p = 0,634).
Conclusión: La OMDP con elevación del centro de rotación asociada con AIFP no proporcionó una menor incidencia de dedos flotantes en comparación con la osteotomía de Weil.
Dermotracción por bandas: estudio retrospectivo sobre su efectividad en el cierre diferido de defectos de cobertura en la pierna
Authors: Carranza Pablo , Krause Faustino , Otero Adali , Bottarelli José Luis , Plana Federico 
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Una propiedad característica del tegumento humano es la viscoelasticidad. La piel y el tejido celular subcutáneo traccionados por una fuerza constante pueden llegar a cubrir áreas expuestas en lapsos relativamente breves. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar una serie de casos con defectos de cobertura de la pierna. Se realizó la síntesis tegumentaria con técnica de dermotracción mediante “bandas de tracción”, con la finalidad de poder precisar qué lesiones pueden beneficiarse de este método.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal realizado entre 2012 y 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: 1) heridas con déficit de cobertura tegumentaria en la pierna, de etiología traumática diversa (dehiscencia de abordajes quirúrgicos, fasciotomías por síndrome compartimental, fracturas expuestas y heridas abiertas con déficit de partes blandas).Resultados: Se analizó a 36 pacientes (edad promedio 28 años) que tenían lesiones con pérdida de cobertura localizadas en distintas regiones de la pierna. En 27 pacientes (75%), se logró el cierre sin necesidad de procedimientos complementarios. En el 8,3%, se logró la reducción del área expuesta y fue necesario un procedimiento complementario (injerto de piel). Seis pacientesrequirieron técnicas reconstructivas de partes blandas miocutáneas y fasciocutáneas.
Conclusiones: Esta técnica es efectiva, simple y económica para lograr el cierre diferido de las heridas complejas o fasciotomías. La dermotracción permite el cierre diferido en pocos días luego del trauma.
“Few of the many returned home”
Authors: Nudell Joshua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHistories of the Sicilian Expedition usually focus on Athens, and with good reason: Athens supplied the largest number of ships, all the leaders were Athenians, and Thucydides' account is constructed as an Athenian tragedy that largely subsumes the allies into the crowd of soldiers. Moreover, it was in the aftermath of the disaster that the Aegean poleis slipped through the Athenian grasp. Scholars have offered explanations for the outbreak of the Ionian War that range from anti-Athenian sentiment stemming from wartime measures like the Standards Decree that primed the Athenians to reject Athenian hegemony to a change in Persian policy to an ephemeral mood. When they invoke Sicily, it is to follow Diodorus Siculus in arguing that the failure created contempt for Athenian hegemony (τὴν ἡγεμονίαν αὐτῶν καταφρονηθῆναι, 13. 34. 1). Another cause of the Ionian War, however, has received too little attention: the Ionians who fought in Sicily. In this paper I re-evaluate the Sicilian Expedition from the perspective of the non-Athenians, and particularly the Ionians. These contributions have traditionally been underestimated because Thucydides implies that they had fallen out of practice with warfare and were thus complicit in their own subjugation. Nevertheless, Thucydides' history is littered with accounts of Ionian soldiers fighting far from home, up to and including in the Sicilian Expedition (Thuc. 7. 20. 2; 7. 57. 3). Re-evaluating the evidence for Ionian contributions to the Athenian war effort in turn complicates straightforward assessments of the popularity of the empire and opens the possibility that it was not only Athenian weakness but also the costs borne by the allies that led the Ionians to put in motion the events that led to revolt.
Counting on The Norton Anthology of American Literature
Authors: Fredner Erik , Porter J. D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe created a relational database that captures every author and work ever selected for The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Given this anthology's influence, our database reveals changes in the literary canon over the past half century. We find that the common story of increased diversity is true, albeit truer with respect to race than gender. However, the biggest structural change has been a substantial growth in the number of anthologized authors. We argue that, while that strategy has produced real gains, it also creates a canon that less effectively manages reader attention, affords women and people of color a less valuable position than many white male authors once enjoyed, and tacitly accepts the notion that the new additions do not have greater literary merit than authors on the original roster, whom we show editors too rarely cut.
Set7 Methyltransferase and Phenotypic Switch in Diabetic Glomerular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Maxwell Scott , Okabe Jun , Kaipananickal Harikrishnan , Rodriguez Hanah , Khurana Ishant , Al-Hasani Keith , Chow Bryna S.M. , Pitsillou Eleni , Karagiannis Tom C. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Ma Ronald C.W. , Huang Yu , Chan Juliana C.N. , Cooper Mark E. , El-Osta Assam 
Published: April 2024

Key Points

Set7 knockout improves diabetic glomerular structure and function and prevents diabetes-induced endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EDMT) by regulating Igfbp5.Set7 knockdown prevents, and (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride reverses, diabetes-induced EDMT by regulating insulin growth factor binding protein 5.Set7 regulates the phenotypic EDMT switch, and inhibiting the methyltransferase attenuates glomerular injury in diabetic kidney disease.

Background
Hyperglycemia influences the development of glomerular endothelial cell damage, and nowhere is this more evident than in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While the Set7 lysine methyltransferase is a known hyperglycemic sensor, its role in endothelial cell function in the context of DKD remains poorly understood.

Methods
Single-cell transcriptomics was used to investigate Set7 regulation in a mouse model of DKD, followed by validation of findings using pharmacological and short hairpin RNA inhibition inhibition of Set7.

Results
Set7 knockout (Set7KO) improved glomerular structure and albuminuria in a mouse model of diabetes. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed dynamic transcriptional changes in diabetic renal cells. Set7KO controls phenotype switching of glomerular endothelial cell populations by transcriptional regulation of the insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that the expression of the IGFBP5 gene was associated with mono- and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1/2). This generalizability was investigated in human kidney and circulating hyperglycemic cells exposed to TGFβ1. We showed that the highly selective Set7 inhibitor (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride attenuated indices associated with renal cell damage and mesenchymal transition, specifically (1) reactive oxygen species production, (2) IGFBP5 gene regulation, and (3) expression of mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, renal benefit observed in Set7KO diabetic mice closely corresponded in human glomerular endothelial cells with (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride inhibition or Set7 short hairpin RNA silencing.

Conclusions
Set7 regulates the phenotypic endothelial–mesenchymal transition switch and suggests that targeting the lysine methyltransferase could protect glomerular cell injury in DKD.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2024_04_25_ASN0000000000000345.mp3
FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE MIXER IN THE COMPLEX FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS DEPENDING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Tseneva Sofiia N. , Kuzmin Aleksey M. , Morozova Ekaterina S. 
Published: April 2024

The problem of shaping the image of a mixer in a synthesis gas production complex depending on productivity is discussed in the article. The main task is to justify the choice of a structural element for effective mixing of components in a small-scale synthesis gas production complex with a productivity of up to 5000 tons per year. Optimal conditions for each unit of the complex are being developed in order to ensure the quality performance of the individual block and to change the appearance of the mixing formation unit. The concept of creating mobile, transportable small-scale methanol production complexes, providing the necessary amount of product directly at the extraction site is discussed in the paper. The following requirements for these complexes are considered: mobility, transportability, work reliability in extreme conditions, small size, integration into infrastructure, maximum automation. In the context of this study, the processes of mixing components in the mixer, which allows us to define the quality picture of component mixing, overall dimensions, and appearance of the node itself are evaluated. Detailed analysis of the mixing processes in the mixer is carried out and its structure and functions are studied in depth. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the scheme, performed by iterative calculation of each element in the block under certain conditions and restrictions. The results help to identify the influence of productivity on the complex as a whole and on a specific node. This study will help specialists better understand optimal design and operation strategies for mixers for the production of synthesis gas. The article deepens the understanding of structural analysis in the context of choosing the most suitable structural element for effective component mixing.