bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of electric current perception thresholds of different EHS groups
Authors: Schröttner Jörg , Leitgeb Norbert , Hillert Lena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn increasing number of persons with health symptoms of unclear origin take refuge in the hypothesis that they suffer from electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). So far EHS is not an accepted diagnosis and there is no validated test to verify the proposed relationship between electromagnetic fields and symptoms. Groups reporting EHS are very heterogeneous but share a belief that they have an increased sensitivity to electromagnetic fields. It was studied to which extent a quantitative indicator for electrosensitivity, the electric current perception threshold, and its variability coefficient, depend on the recruitment strategy for self‐declared hypersensitive persons. Individual electrosensitivity was investigated by provocation of the lower arms to directly coupled 50 Hz electric currents. Self‐declared EHS persons were selected from members of a self aid group, from responders to a newspaper call, and from persons actively asking for investigations in their search for help. It turned out that quantitative electrosensitivity was quite different among the three groups. It is interesting that the members of the EHS self aid group exhibit a considerable overlap with general population sample. Pooled together it could be shown that hypersensitive persons as a group differ significantly from the general population sample, however with a pronounced overlap with the normal range. It can be concluded that EHS groups are very inhomogeneous and contain numerous persons with no increased ability to perceive low frequency electric or magnetic fields. This investigation shows the importance of the study design, in particular of the recruitment strategies of EHS persons for the final outcome. Bioelectromagnetics 28:208–213, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular dynamics simulations of RNA: An in silico single molecule approach
Authors: McDowell S. Elizabeth , Špačková Nad'a , Šponer Jiří , Walter Nils G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRNA molecules are now known to be involved in the processing of genetic information at all levels, taking on a wide variety of central roles in the cell. Understanding how RNA molecules carry out their biological functions will require an understanding of structure and dynamics at the atomistic level, which can be significantly improved by combining computational simulation with experiment. This review provides a critical survey of the state of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of RNA, including a discussion of important current limitations of the technique and examples of its successful application. Several types of simulations are discussed in detail, including those of structured RNA molecules and their interactions with the surrounding solvent and ions, catalytic RNAs, and RNA–small molecule and RNA–protein complexes. Increased cooperation between theorists and experimentalists will allow expanded judicious use of MD simulations to complement conceptually related single molecule experiments. Such cooperation will open the door to a fundamental understanding of the structure–function relationships in diverse and complex RNA molecules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85:169–184, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Under the microscope: Single molecule symposium at the University of Michigan, 2006
Authors: Walter Nils G. , Meiners Jens‐Christian , Meyhofer Edgar , Neubig Richard R. , Sunahara Roger K. , Perkins Noel C. , Steel Duncan G. , Swanson Joel A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn recent years, a revolution has occurred in the basic sciences, which exploits novel single molecule detection and manipulation tools to track and analyze biopolymers in unprecedented detail. A recent Gordon Research Conference style meeting, hosted by the University of Michigan, highlighted current status and future perspectives of this rising field as researchers begin to integrate it with mainstream biology and nanotechnology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85:106–114, 2007
Analysis of the inter‐molecular interactions between amino acids and acetone by THz spectroscopy
Authors: Nagai Naoto , Katsurazawa Yutaka 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe THz spectra of amino acids after application of spots of acetone were measured. The 0.6 THz band was commonly observed in many amino acids that formed the intra‐molecular salt structure. The band can be attributed to the interaction vibration from the common structural configuration of amino acids and acetone molecules. The evidence suggests that the vibration between the amino acids with intra‐molecular salt structure and acetone has a peak at 0.6 THz. A model of the interaction vibration of acetone and the functional groups of amino acids is proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 207–213, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Predictors of weight maintenance after hospital discharge in adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Castro‐Fornieles Josefina , Casulà Vanessa , Saura Begoña , Martínez Esteve , Lazaro Luisa , Vila Montserrat , Plana Maria Teresa , Toro Josep 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:To analyze variables that predict weight maintenance in adolescent anorexia nervosa.Method:The Eating Attitudes Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Leyton Obsessional Inventory, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire were administered to 49 anorexia nervosa patients (mean age 14.3 years, SD 1.7) consecutively admitted to an eating disorder unit. They were evaluated at admission, at discharge, and after nine months follow‐up.Results:At discharge, patients had improved in body mass index (p < .001), eating attitudes (p = .002), depressive symptomatology (p = .001), and motivation to change (p < .001). Patients with good weight maintenance at follow‐up had higher body mass index (p = .017) at admission, lower abnormal eating attitudes (p = .035), depressive symptomatology (p = .026), and higher motivation to change (p = .004) at discharge. Logistic regression analysis showed a high motivation to change at discharge and a high body mass index at admission to be predictors of weight maintenance.Conclusion:High motivation to change, low abnormal eating attitudes, depressive symptomatology at discharge, and high body mass index at admission are associated with weight maintenance in adolescent anorexia nervosa. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Effect of response format on endorsement of eating disordered attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Anderson Drew A. , Simmons Angela M. , Milnes Suzanne M. , Earleywine Mitchell 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:The present study was designed to compare response rates on a standard self‐report questionnaire that was nominally anonymous to an unmatched count questionnaire that allowed for true anonymity in responding.Method:Four hundred and fifty‐four college students were asked about several topics, including attitudes towards weight and shape, dieting, and eating disordered behavior using one of two response formats; either a standard questionnaire in true‐false format or an unmatched count questionnaire that did not require participants to directly answer sensitive questions.Results:Both males and females had significantly different rates of endorsement between the two methods of assessment on the majority of the eating‐related questions.Conclusion:Response format and degree of anonymity affect endorsement of eating‐related thoughts and behaviors. Understanding response bias is critical to determining accurate rates of eating disordered thoughts and behaviors. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Differential tissue‐on‐tissue lubrication by ophthalmic formulations
Authors: Meyer Anne E. , Baier Robert E. , Chen Huagang , Chowhan Masood 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTissue‐on‐tissue friction testing was used to determine how instillation of hydrophilic polymer‐containing formulations between the “blinking” tissues would compare with lubrication by saline, alone, or an oil‐emulsion preparation. Best results were obtained for a formulation that contained active demulcents polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and propylene glycol (PG), as well as a gellable polymer hydroxypropyl guar (HP‐Guar) in a borate‐buffered solution, in comparison with hydroxypropylcellulose‐containing and carboxymethylcellulose‐containing formulations. Superior performance of all the formulations was found for lubricating tissue‐on‐tissue couples, compared with metal‐oxide‐to‐metal oxide interfaces, or metal oxide‐to‐tissue interfaces. A reciprocating pin‐on‐disc type friction/wear test device articulated the intimal faces of preserved human umbilical cord vein segments under increasing loads during simulated continuous “eye‐blinking” with addition of increasing weights up to 60 g/cm2, simulating maximal eyelid force on the orbital globe. The tissue‐on‐tissue couples moved from liquid phase lubrication to boundary lubrication. After residual formulations were rinsed away with saline, persistence of low friction at the highest loads was indicative of formulation substantivity. Human umbilical cord vein segments were utilized in saline‐wetted tissue‐on‐tissue couples that showed variable starting coefficients of friction in the range 0.2–0.4, producing moderate tearing and disruption of the interfacial layers above the medial collagen zone. The best‐performing formulations instilled to the tissues pre‐wetted with saline apparently reacted separately with each tissue face to produce a lower final and persistent coefficient of friction of about 0.05. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of these guar‐modified tissue specimens showed only a few superficial tissue disruptions, and some interphase swelling consistent with polymer uptake. The frictional values for lubricated couples having non‐tissue members were considerably higher than the coefficients of friction measured for the similarly lubricated tissue‐on‐tissue couples, emphasizing the requirement that appropriate simulations are critical to obtaining clinically predictive data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction
Authors: Sarkar Sandip , Sales Kevin M. , Hamilton George , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThrombosis is a major cause of poor patency in synthetic vascular grafts for small diameter vessel (<6 mm) bypass. Arteries have a host of structural mechanisms by which they prevent triggering of platelet activation and the clotting cascade. Many of these are present in vascular endothelial cells. These mechanisms act together with perpetual feedback at different levels, providing a constantly fine‐tuned non‐thrombogenic environment. The arterial wall anatomy also serves to promote thrombosis as a healing mechanism when it has been severely injured. Surface modification of synthetic graft surfaces to attenuate the coagulation cascade has reduced thrombosis levels and improved patency in vitro and in animal models. Success in this endeavor is critically dependent on the methods used to modify the surface. Platelets adhere to positively charged surfaces due to their own negative charge. They also preferentially attach to hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore synthetic graft development is concerned with hydrophilic materials with negative surface charge. However, fibrinogen has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic binding sites–amphiphilic materials reduce its adhesion and subsequent platelet activation. The self‐endothelializing synthetic graft is an attractive proposition as a confluent endothelial layer incorporates many of the anti‐thrombogenic properties of arteries. Surface modification to promote this has shown good results in animal models. The difficulties experienced in achieving spontaneous endothelialisation in humans have lead to the investigation of pre‐implantation in vitro endothelial cell seeding. These approaches ultimately aim to result in novel synthetic grafts which are anti‐thrombogenic and hence suitable for coronary and distal infrainguinal bypass. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Raman spectroscopy of the borosilicate mineral ferroaxinite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Bouzaid Jocelyn M. , Martens Wayde N. , Reddy B. Jagannadha 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRaman spectroscopy, complemented by infrared spectroscopy, has been used to characterise the ferroaxinite minerals of the theoretical formula Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15(OH), a ferrous aluminium borosilicate. The Raman spectra are complex but are subdivided into sections on the basis of the vibrating units. The Raman spectra are interpreted in terms of the addition of borate and silicate spectra. Three characteristic bands of ferroaxinite are observed at 1082, 1056 and 1025 cm−1 and are attributed to BO4 stretching vibrations. Bands at 1003, 991, 980 and 963 cm−1 are assigned to SiO4 stretching vibrations. Bands are found in these positions for each of the ferroaxinites studied. No Raman bands were found above 1100 cm−1 showing that ferroaxinites contain only tetrahedral boron. The hydroxyl stretching region of ferroaxinites is characterised by a single Raman band between 3368 and 3376 cm−1, the position of which is sample‐dependent. Bands for ferroaxinite at 678, 643, 618, 609, 588, 572, 546 cm−1 may be attributed to the ν4 bending modes and the three bands at 484, 444 and 428 cm−1 may be attributed to the ν2 bending modes of the (SiO4)2−. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ammi visnaga: Composition of the fatty acids present in the seed fat
Authors: Grindley D. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed fat of the Umbelliferous plant Ammi visnaga Linn, has been analysed, and the composition of the fatty acids has been shown to be palmitic acid 5%, petroselinic acid 50%, oleic acid 32%, linoleic acid 13%.This species thus resembles other members of the family Umbelliferae, which are characterized by major proportions of petroselinic acid in the seed fat. The presence of the chromone, khellin, in the seeds has been confirmed.
The determination of extraneous materials in biscuits
Authors: Coppock J. B. M. , Bradshaw R. C. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for examining biscuits, with and without chocolate couverture, for the presence of extraneous materials such as rodent and other animal hairs, insect fragments and mould spores. The application of this method to the problem of “good housekeeping” in this type of food manufacture is briefly discussed.
Determination of ethylene oxide and methods of its recovery from fumigated substances
Authors: El Khishen Shafik Ali 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrevious attempts to determine ethylene oxide are surveyed and critically investigated. New methods of analysis have been suggested and certain modifications of existing methods applied to suit conditions of experiments. New methods for the detection and approximate determination of the fumigant in an atmosphere containing the gas have been established. Methods of recovery of ethylene oxide from grain and sultanas have been studied; part of the oxide has been shown to be readily recoverable and the remainder only with great difficulty.The relation between water content in the fumigated substance and the amount of fumigant retained has been studied, on the supposition that ethylene oxide reacts with the water in the material to form ethylene glycol. However, attempts to isolate and determine the glycol in the fumigated substance have failed. Various methods for the recovery of the firmly held portion of ethylene oxide have been devised and a procedure is described by which 92% of the total fumigant added can be recovered and determined.Contrary to the opinion of many authors, ethylene glycol is not formed in fumigated grain; practically the whole of the fumigant is retained as ethylene oxide. It seems likely that a small proportion not exceeding 8% is combined with some constituents of the fumigated substance; the proportion so combined depends on the period of contact and on the temperature to which the fumigated substance is subjected.
The composition of stillingia oil and the presence therein of 2:4‐decadienoic acid
Authors: Devine J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe literature analysis of stillingia oil, which has recently been shown to contain an abnormal spectroscopic component, does not accord with its excellent drying properties. In a re‐examination of a number of commercial samples the abnormal component is shown to be 2: 4‐decadienoic acid, present to the extent of 3% to 6%, and hitherto undetected in naturally occurring oils. This component behaves anomalously during analysis by alkali isomerization, but the effect can be allowed for and the remaining components of the oil are estimated approximately at 40% linolenic, 25% to 30% linoleic, 20% oleic and 9% saturated acids, together with a little conjugated triene acid of the elaeostearic type which is possibly an adulterant. The 2: 4‐decadienoic acid may play a relatively prominent part in the drying and polymerizing properties of stillingia oil.
A colorimetric modification of McLean's method for the determination of phosphorus in soils
Authors: McGregor A. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMcLean's technique of extraction of soil phosphate by digestion of soil with concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids has been adapted to a colorimetric method of determining soil phosphate by use of metol. The complete technique is performed with use of glassware alone and is simple and accurate.
The influence of environment upon the composition of sunflower seed oils. II.—Composition of the seed oils of sunflowers grown in English gardens from five specimens of different African sunflower seed
Authors: Barker C. , Hilditch T. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFive specimens of sunflower seeds from Africa, the oils in which varied widely in composition (44–72% linoleic acid), were grown in three English gardens in West and East Cheshire and Kent. The composition of the resulting English‐grown seed oils was broadly the same in all cases, irrespective of the seed sown. Host of the oils contained, on an average, 68–70% of linoleic acid, but the extreme range of linoleic acid varied from about 60 to 75%. The apparent explanation of these subordinate differences may lie in the effect of direct sunlight on the ripening seed heads, Since flower‐heads that became completely inverted and faced downwards gave the oils with highest linoleic acid content; others, in which the stems turned more or less through 90° so that the heads were more freely exposed to direct light, gave oils with somewhat reduced linoleic acid content. It is concluded that varietal factors play little part in determining the composition of sunflower seed oils. The main effect is that high linoleic content is conditioned by slow development and ripening of the seed, and vice versa; climatic (temperature) conditions and also, probably, the degree of incidence of light on the ripening seed heads are the factors which control the rate of development of the seed and also the relative unsaturation of the seed oil.
Carotenoid pigments of different varieties of mangoes; changes during ripening
Authors: Chaudhary Muhammad Tufail 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlumina, activated as described, can be used in the chromato‐graphic analysis of the carotenoids of the mango fruit; it effects the separation of four distinct pigments in the fruit. Data for the varieties of fruit are recorded.As mangoes ripen the total carotenoid content and that of the individual pigments rise rapidly to a maximum and then fall later. At temperatures above normal (36° C., 40° C.) these changes are accelerated, but the maximum values are substantially unchanged.Exposure of fruit to ultra‐violet light appears to increase the total carotenoid content (including the maximum value) throughout the ripening period.After the work reported in this paper was completed similar data were published by Sadana and Ahmad 22a for other (Saroli, Desi and Chounsa) varieties of mangoes. They also have observed an increase in pigments, notably β‐carotene, during ripening.
South African fish products. XXX.—Seasonal changes in the composition of the pilchard (Sardina ocellata Jenyns)
Authors: Black M. M. , Schwartz H. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe results of a four‐year study of the seasonal changes in the yield and composition of the oil of pilchards from the west coast of South Africa is reported. Pilchards are seldom caught there between December and February. When they appear in March or April they contain 10–15% oil; the oil content reaches a maximum of 16–17% in May or June and then falls to a minimum of 2–4% in September or October. The iodine value of the oil ranges from 172 to 203 and does not show any regular variation with the fat content of the fish. Pilchard oil contains 106–290 i.u. vitamin A and 33–120 i.u. vitamin D per g. Vitamin A is stored mainly in the liver whereas fat is deposited chiefly in the head and body.Figures for the water, protein and phosphorus pentoxide contents of the fish are also reported.
The reaction of groundnut protein with formaldehyde
Authors: Tetlow W. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe reaction of ‘Ardein,’ de‐aminated ‘Ardein,’ arginine‐free ‘Ardein,’ and the protein fibre derived from ‘Ardein,’ with formaldehyde has been studied under highly saline conditions. ‘Ardein,’ de‐aminated ‘Ardein,’ and the derived protein fibre show very similar reactions, whereas arginine‐free ‘Ardein’ suffers a greater loss in formaldehyde‐binding capacity on the alkaline side. It is suggested that the minima in the formaldehyde curves around the neutral point may be due to salt formation and the maxima following them be caused by the reaction with arginine.
The retention of ascorbic acid in preserved fruits. II
Authors: Crang Alice , Sturdy Margaret 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFurther comparisons of domestic methods of preserving fruits have been made. The ascorbic acid retained in freshly‐made jam from the three kinds of fruit was greatest in blackcurrant (70%), next in gooseberry (66%) and least in strawberry (55%), and after storage for one year the amounts were 30%, 28% and 17% respectively. The absolute values for ascorbic acid after one year's storage were approximately 6 mg./100 g. both for strawberry and gooseberry jams and 25 mg./100 g. for blackcurrant jam. The loss of this vitamin in making blackcurrant jelly varied considerably with the extraction methods used but was greater than in making jam.The ascorbic acid contents, before and after cooking, of three kinds of fruit preserved with sodium metabisulphite were compared with those of corresponding heat‐processed fruits. The heat processed blackcurrants and gooseberries retained more of this vitamin than the sulphited fruit; the palatability of the heat processed products was greater for all three fruits.Plastic covers for bottled fruit compared very unfavourably with glass or metal covers for conserving ascorbic acid during storage, but plastic rings were as good in this respect as rubber rings when used with metal or glass covers.