bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A whey-protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in obese subjects: a randomized human clinical study
Authors: Frestedt Joy L , Zenk John L , Kuskowski Michael A , Ward Loren S , Bastian Eric D 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated a specialized whey fraction (Prolibra™, high in leucine, bioactive peptides and milk calcium) for use as a dietary supplement to enhance weight loss.

Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm, 12-week study. Caloric intake was reduced 500 calories per day. Subjects consumed Prolibra or an isocaloric ready-to-mix beverage 20 minutes before breakfast and 20 minutes before dinner. Body fat and lean muscle tissue were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Body weight and anthropometric measurements were recorded every 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analyses were performed on all subjects that completed (completer analysis) and all subjects that lost at least 2.25 kg of body weight (responder analysis). Within group significance was determined at P < 0.05 using a two-tailed paired t-test and between group significance was determined using one way analysis of covariance with baseline data as a covariate.

Results
Both groups lost a significant amount of weight and the Prolibra group tended to lose more weight than the control group; however the amount of weight loss was not significantly different between groups after 12 weeks. Prolibra subjects lost significantly more body fat compared to control subjects for both the completer (2.81 vs. 1.62 kg P = 0.03) and responder (3.63 vs. 2.11 kg, P = 0.01) groups. Prolibra subjects lost significantly less lean muscle mass in the responder group (1.07 vs. 2.41 kg, P = 0.02). The ratio of fat to lean loss (kg fat lost/kg lean lost) was much larger for Prolibra subjects for both completer (3.75 vs. 1.05) and responder (3.39 vs. 0.88) groups.

Conclusion
Subjects in both the control and treatment group lost a significant amount of weight with a 500 calorie reduced diet. Subjects taking Prolibra lost significantly more body fat and showed a greater preservation of lean muscle compared to subjects consuming the control beverage. Because subjects taking Prolibra lost 6.1% of their body fat mass, and because a 5% reduction of body fat mass has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity related disease, the results have practical significance.
Atypically distributed cutaneous lesions of Norwegian scabies in an HIV-positive man in South India: a case report
Authors: Vignesh Ramachandran , Shankar Esaki Muthu , Devaleenal Bella , Balakrishnan Pachamuthu , Thousen Shieh Mark , Sekar Ramalingam , Solomon Suniti , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Immune-compromised subjects, especially those with underlying HIV disease, are prone to be infected with Norwegian scabies, where the cutaneous lesions are classically distributed over the extremities.

Case presentation
We report the case of an HIV-positive 16-year-old man with severe crusted Norwegian scabies initially misdiagnosed as a dermal fungal infection. The patient had extensive, generalized, thick, hyperkeratotic, crusting, yellowish papule lesions distributed on the entire body from his scalp to his toes.
The patient was started with Ivermectin and topical Permethrin, which eventually resulted in complete resolution. Interestingly, despite quarantining efforts, one of the patient's acquaintances and a healthcare worker acquired the symptoms of itching.

Conclusion
This atypical presentation of Norwegian scabies emphasizes the need to include scabies in the differential diagnosis when HIV-infected patients present with crusted, generalized cutaneous lesions.
The 2007 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture:Sancho as a Thief of Time and Art: Ovid’sFastiand Cervantes’Don Quixote2*
Authors: De Armas Frederick A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractReturning from Algerian captivity in 1580 — when Gregory XIII’s calendar reform was implemented in Spain — Miguel de Cervantes had only two years to adjust from Islamic to Christian time. The fragility and instability of time hence became a central motif for Cervantes. In part 2 ofDon Quixote, the time-altering anxieties of the Gregorian calendar appear in glaring gaps in time, in the shifting chronology of the text, and in images that recall the sundial as reflective of time and of the brevity of human life. Cervantes uses Ovidian feasts to further destabilize the quixotic chronology, pointing to the sacred, political, and personal uses (and abuses) of time. Indeed, Sancho Panza takes advantage of chronological conundrums and turns to Ovid’sFastiin order to mislead his master through a mock-Floralia and a voyage to the Pleiades. For beneath the cloak of simplicity Sancho guides the knight along unexpected paths, thieving from Ovid in order to speak with Mercury’s eloquence and to craft artful designs that rival Botticelli’sPrimavera.
The Papal Antichrist: Martin Luther and the Underappreciated Influence of Lorenzo Valla*
Authors: David M. Whitford 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn 1520, Martin Luther’s view of the papacy shifted dramatically and permanently. While the events of 1519 played a role in his evolving view of the papacy as the Antichrist forecast by St. Paul in 2 Thessalonians, those events alone cannot account for the suddenness and the totality of Luther’s change of opinion. This essay argues that Lorenzo Valla’s Discourse on the Forgery of the Alleged Donation of Constantine played a significant and too-little-appreciated role in Luther’s new stance toward the papacy. This essay examines what it was about Valla’s Discourse that helped convince Luther that the pope was the Antichrist.
Lucrezia Borgia as Entrepreneur*
Authors: Ghirardo Diane Yvonne 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe financial status of patrician women in Renaissance Italy remains obscure in all but a few cases, but the prevailing paradigm frames them as being dedicated to the well-being of their families, subordinating their interests to those of their spouses. Where known, their financial activities consist for the most part of supervising small farms, marketing livestock and produce, buying and selling properties, and lending money at interest. Lucrezia Borgia confounds this paradigm: she was a budding capitalist entrepreneur, leveraging her own capital by obtaining marshland at negligible cost and then investing in massive reclamation enterprises. She also raised livestock and rented parts of her newly arable land for short terms, nearly doubling her annual income in the process.
Coscus, Queen Elizabeth, and Law in John Donne’s“Satyre II”*
Authors: Kneidel Gregory 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis essay argues that John Donne’s “Satyre II” (ca. 1595) has a greater topical relevance to the emergence of the Anglo-American common-law tradition than literary and legal scholars have previously recognized. It makes the case that the villain of Donne’s poem, the poet-turned-lawyer Coscus, may be Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634) and that two female figures in the poem may be Queen Elizabeth (r. 1558–1603). Donne attacks Coke and Elizabeth for their complicity in deploying an antiquated and backward-looking feudal ideal in order to lend prestige to the common law, to enrich the crown and its officers, and to frustrate the dynastic prospects of landholding gentry.
Using Subsize Impact Bend Specimens for Estimation of Irradiation and Re-Irradiation Embrittlement of VVER RPV Steels
Authors: Nikolaev Yu. A. , Nikolaeva A. V. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Results of impact bend tests of subsize Charpy V-notch-type (CVN) specimens are used in Russia for monitoring both re-irradiation embrittlement of the first generation of VVER-440 (including VVER-440/179 and VVER-440/230, i.e., projects B-179 and B-230) reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels and irradiation embrittlement of VVER-440/213 RPV steels. For the first generation of VVER-440 RPVs, no surveillance program was foreseen and only subsize specimens (5 by 5 by 27.5 mm and 3 by 4 by 27 mm) can be manufactured from samples taken from the inner surface of the RPV for radiation embrittlement monitoring. For VVER-440/213 RPVs, 80 % of the surveillance specimens are irradiated with a lead factor greater than 20. Only four specimens of base metal and four specimen halves of weld seam material are irradiated with a lead factor less than 3. Taking into account that full-size (10 by 10 by 55 mm) CVN specimens were used in surveillance programs, using subsize specimens enables to solve the flux effect problem for VVER-440/213 RPV beltline materials and ensure representativity of surveillance programs. Application of subsize specimens for the estimation of radiation embrittlement requires developing a correlation between transition temperature values evaluated using test results of standard (full-size) and subsize CVN specimens. Such a correlation is discussed.
Dynamic collapse of the upper respiratory tract: A review
Authors: Franklin S. H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDynamic collapse of the upper respiratory tract is a common cause of poor performance in athletic horses. Most commonly, airway obstruction occurs during strenuous exercise when the upper respiratory tract is exposed to high pressure swings. In horses undertaking submaximal exercise, the pressures may also be increased due to flexion of the neck. The nasopharynx and larynx are particularly prone to dynamic collapse and a number of different forms of upper airway obstruction are now recognised. However, due to the dynamic nature of the collapse a definitive diagnosis is often not possible from resting observations alone.
Mast cell tumours (mastocytosis) in the horse: A review of the literature and report of 11 cases
Authors: Mair T. S. , Krudewig C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMast cell tumours are uncommon tumours in horses, compared to some other species of domesticated animals. They are most frequently located in the skin, but they can also arise at other sites, including the upper respiratory tract and eye. Cytology or histopathology is required for diagnosis. Treatment options include surgical excision, laser ablation, cryotherapy, intralesional injection of corticosteroids or water, and radiotherapy. Malignant and systemic forms are very rare.
Ultrasound‐guided injections of the sacroiliac area in horses
Authors: Denoix J.‐M. , Jacquet S. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySacroiliac lesions are commonly suspected in sport‐ and racehorses. Injection of the sacroiliac (SI) area can be performed for diagnostic purposes and/or for treatment of SI pain. Because of the deep location of the SI joint, blind injections may be unsafe. The purpose of this paper is to present how to perform ultrasonographic guided injection of the SI area using cranial and caudal approaches. With this technique drugs can be injected close to the SI joint and technical errors (needle implantation in the sciatic nerve, injection in the vertebral canal or in the rectum) can be avoided.
Longitudinal follow‐up of late‐onset Alzheimer disease families
Authors: Carney R.M. , Slifer M.A. , Lin P.I. , Gaskell P.C. , Scott W.K. , Potocky C.F. , Hulette C.M. , Welsh‐Bohmer K.A. , Schmechel D.E. , Vance J.M. , Pericak‐Vance M.A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHistorically, data for genetic studies are collected at one time point. However, for diseases with late onset or with complex phenotypes, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), restricting diagnosis to a single ascertainment contact may not be sufficient. Affection status may change over time and some initial diagnoses may be inconclusive. Follow‐up provides the opportunity to resolve these complications. However, to date, previous studies have not formally demonstrated that longitudinally re‐contacting families is practical or productive. To update data initially collected for linkage analysis of late‐onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), we successfully re‐contacted 63 of 81 (78%) multiplex families (two to 17 years after ascertainment). Clinical status changed for 73 of the 230 (32%) non‐affected participants. Additionally, expanded family history identified 20 additional affected individuals to supplement the data set. Furthermore, fostering ongoing relationships with participating families helped recruit 101 affected participants into an autopsy and tissue donation program. Despite similar presentations, discordance between clinical diagnosis and neuropathologic diagnosis was observed in 28% of those with tissue diagnoses. Most of the families were successfully re‐contacted, and significant refinement and supplementation of the data was achieved. We concluded that serial contact with longitudinal evaluation of families has significant implications for genetic analyses. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic influences on the broad spectrum of autism: Study of proband‐ascertained twins
Authors: Taniai Hiroko , Nishiyama Takeshi , Miyachi Taishi , Imaeda Masayuki , Sumi Satoshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn investigation of genetic structures underlying autistic traits was performed with samples from twins for which at least one proband had been ascertained as having autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in our catchment area. In order to adjust for recent concepts of autism, we employed criteria for the broad spectrum of disease and the childhood autism rating scale (CARS) for quantitative assessment. The CARS test was performed on 45 twin pairs (19 monozygotic, 26 dizygotic) detected with a regional routine screening system. The obtained CARS scores were subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM), incorporating sex differences for each causal influence ascertainment correction, using the Mx software. A best fitting model of causal influences on autistic traits measured continuously, incorporating additive genetic (A) and non‐shared environmental influences (E), was generated. With this AE model, the estimated heritability was 0.73 for males and 0.87 for females, based on the continuous CARS scores. There was no evidence for the existence of sex‐specific genetic influences. Autistic traits were highly heritable in twins with even broad spectrum of autism, corresponding to the results of early studies based on classical autism. Additive genetic factors were more influential in females than males. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of different h‐indices for groups of authors
Authors: Egghe L. , Rao I.K. Ravichandra 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this article, for any group of authors, we define three different h‐indices. First, there is the successive h‐index h2 based on the ranked list of authors and their h‐indices h1 as defined by Schubert (2007). Next, there is the h‐index hP based on the ranked list of authors and their number of publications. Finally, there is the h‐index hC based on the ranked list of authors and their number of citations. We present formulae for these three indices in Lotkaian informetrics from which it also follows that h2 < hp < hc. We give a concrete example of a group of 167 authors on the topic “optical flow estimation.” Besides these three h‐indices, we also calculate the two‐by‐two Spearman rank correlation coefficient and prove that these rankings are significantly related.
Order effect in relevance judgment
Authors: Xu Yunjie , Wang Dong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe order effect of relevance judgment refers to the different relevance perceptions of a document when it appears in different positions in a list. Although the order effect of relevance judgment has significant theoretical and practical implications, the extant literature is inconclusive regarding its existence and forming mechanisms. This study proposes a set of order effect forming mechanisms, including the learning effect, the subneed scheduling effect, and the cursoriness effect based on the conceptualization of dynamic relevance and the psychology of cognitive elaboration. Our empirical study indicates that in an interactive information retrieval setting, when a document list is reasonably long, order effects demonstrate a curvilinear pattern that conforms to the combined effect of the three mechanisms. Moreover, the curvilinear pattern of order effect could differ for documents of different relevance levels.
Privacy‐preserving top‐N recommendation on distributed data
Authors: Polat Huseyin , Du Wenliang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTraditional collaborative filtering (CF) systems perform filtering tasks on existing databases; however, data collected for recommendation purposes may split between different online vendors. To generate better predictions, offer richer recommendation services, enhance mutual advantages, and overcome problems caused by inadequate data and/or sparseness, e‐companies want to integrate their data. Due to privacy, legal, and financial reasons, however, they do not want to disclose their data to each other. Providing privacy measures is vital to accomplish distributed databased top‐N recommendation (TN), while preserving data holders' privacy. In this article, the authors present schemes for binary ratings‐based TN on distributed data (horizontally or vertically), and provide accurate referrals without greatly exposing data owners' privacy. Our schemes make it possible for online vendors, even competing companies, to collaborate and conduct TN with privacy, using the joint data while introducing reasonable overhead costs.
Low socioeconomic status is a poor prognostic factor for survival in stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer and is independent of surgical treatment, race, and marital status
Authors: Ou S.‐H. Ignatius , Zell Jason A. , Ziogas Argyrios , Anton‐Culver Hoda 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Racial minorities exhibit poor survival with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that generally is attributed to low socioeconomic status (SES). In this study, the authors investigated the role of SES in this survival disparity among patients with stage I NSCLC.METHODS.A case‐only analysis was performed on California Cancer Registry (CCR) data (1989–2003). Univariate survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards ratios.RESULTS.In total, 19,702 incident cases of stage I NSCLC were analyzed. Low SES was identified more commonly in African‐American and Hispanic patients and was associated significantly with men, unmarried status, stage IB disease, squamous cell histology, poorly differentiated tumors, fewer surgical resections performed, and less overall treatment received. Reasons for no surgery were associated strongly with low SES and unmarried status but not with race. In multivariate analysis, each incremental improvement in SES quintile was associated with statistically significant decreases in the hazard ratios (HRs) for death (second SES quintile [SES2] vs SES1: HR, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.85–0.98; SES3 vs SES1: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97; SES4 vs SES1: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89; SES5 vs SES1: HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72–0.84; Ptrend < .0001). African‐American or Hispanic race was not an independent poor prognostic factor for survival after adjustment for surgery, SES, and marital status.CONCLUSIONS.Low SES was an independent poor prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage I NSCLC and was independent of surgery, race, and marital status. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Toward population‐based indicators of quality end‐of‐life care
Authors: Grunfeld Eva , Urquhart Robin , Mykhalovskiy Eric , Folkes Amy , Johnston Grace , Burge Frederick I. , Earle Craig C. , Dent Susan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuality indicators (QIs) are tools designed to measure and improve quality of care. The objective of this study was to assess stakeholder acceptability of QIs of end‐of‐life (EOL) care that potentially were measurable from population‐based administrative health databases.METHODSAfter a literature review, the authors identified 19 candidate QIs that potentially were measurable through administrative databases. A modified Delphi methodology, consisting of multidisciplinary panels of cancer care health professionals in Nova Scotia and Ontario, was used to assess agreement on acceptable QIs of EOL care (n = 21 professionals; 2 panels per province). Focus group methodology was used to assess acceptability among patients with metastatic breast cancer (n = 16 patients; 2 groups per province) and bereaved family caregivers of women who had died of metastatic breast cancer (n = 8 caregivers; 1 group per province). All sessions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and audited, and thematic analyses were conducted.RESULTSThrough the Delphi panels, 10 QIs and 2 QI subsections were identified as acceptable indicators of quality EOL care, including those related to pain and symptom management, access to care, palliative care, and emergency room visits. When Delphi panelists did not agree, the principal reasons were patient preferences, variation in local resources, and benchmarking. In the focus groups, patients and family caregivers also highlighted the need to consider preferences and local resources when examining quality EOL care.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study should be considered when developing quality monitoring systems. QIs will be most useful when stakeholders perceive them as measuring quality care. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Cardiac defects and results of cardiac surgery in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Carotti Adriano , Digilio Maria Cristina , Piacentini Gerardo , Saffirio Claudia , Di Donato Roberto M. , Marino Bruno 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSpecific types and subtypes of cardiac defects have been described in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome as well as in other genetic syndromes. The conotruncal heart defects occurring in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome include tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, isolated anomalies of the aortic arch, and ventricular septal defect. These conotruncal heart defects are frequently associated in this syndrome with additional cardiovascular anomalies of the aortic arch, pulmonary arteries, infundibular septum, and semilunar valves complicating cardiac anatomy and surgical treatment. In this review we describe the surgical anatomy, the operative treatment, and the prognostic results of the cardiac defects associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. According to the current literature, in patients with tetralogy of Fallot with/without pulmonary atresia and truncus arteriosus, in spite of the complex cardiac anatomy, the presence of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome does not worsen the surgical prognosis. On the contrary in children with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and probably in those with interrupted aortic arch the association with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is probably a risk factor for the operative treatment. The complex cardiovascular anatomy in association with depressed immunological status, pulmonary vascular reactivity, neonatal hypocalcemia, bronchomalacia and broncospasm, laryngeal web, and tendency to airway bleeding must be considered at the time of diagnosis and surgical procedure. Specific diagnostic, surgical, and perioperative protocols should be applied in order to provide appropriate treatment and to reduce surgical mortality and morbidity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:35–42.