bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Environmental Management Systems - Powerful New Tool for Environmental Monitoring, Collaboration, Impact Assessment, Permitting, Compliance, Stakeholder Participation, and Project Transparency
Authors: Aronson John G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Web-based environmental management systems (WEMS) represent a powerful new tool for the oil and gas industry. Continued rapid evolution and development of the digital revolution, and the convergence of several technologies such as portable computing, satellite communications, high-speed internet connections, large-scale servers, digital photography, remote sensing, and other digital imagery sources have resulted in an ability to organize and manage large digital resources in ways only contemplated earlier using WEMS. Widespread use of the hypertext markup language (HTML) is another vital element of website proliferation, now estimated at approximately 7 million total sites with almost a billion web pages represented, and growing.
This paper explores the application and development of WEMS as applied to global HSE challenges, such as remote environmental monitoring, management of quasi-realtime digital information and photodocumentation, international permitting and EIA preparation, collaboration of HSE professionals and contractors, regulatory tracking and compliance, public outreach and transparency for governmental and non-governmental entities. The latest in WEMS capabilities is discussed, with a case history taken from a large, remote gas pipeline project.
The cost-effective organization and operation of WEMS for HSE applications is discussed to include EIA preparation, permitting, global collaboration, NGO and stakeholder liaison, health and safety, field and laboratory monitoring, digital photodocumentation, remote sensing, and other typical HSE functions. The Cuiabá project extranet site can be viewed at www.opic.gov on the Internet.
Aviation Subcontractor Management
Authors: Steel Maurice , Howell Jeff 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Historically, aviation support has played an important role in seismic acquisition, both offshore and onshore. Today, seismic programs are being conducted in deeper water offshore and in more remote areas onshore. Seismic vessels are staying out to sea longer, and land crews are laying out more equipment. All these factors increase the need for seismic companies to rely on contracted or chartered air support suppliers on a global basis. Aviation subcontractor management is paramount in achieving Health, Safety and Environment objectives and ensuring safe air travel.
To achieve these goals, a large seismic acquisition company recently implemented a company-wide aviation standard to help line management establish cost-effective, safe aviation services that use realistic and balanced contracts that are targeted at the particular type of operation being contemplated.
Transportation Fatalities – an Industry Problem?
Authors: Covil M. , Smith D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) has been collecting global E&P safety performance data since 1985. The industry's safety performance over this period has shown substantial improvement. However in recent years little change has been reported in the rate at which fatalities are occurring (ie the Fatal Accident Rate, FAR).
Analysis of the safety data shows transportation to be a major contributor to these fatalities. For example, in the data collected for the year 2000, of the 148 fatalities reported (which includes contractor, company and third party individuals) at least 41 were related to transport incidents.
The paper reviews the global industry safety performance over the past ten years, with specific attention to those fatalities associated with land transportation.
It is shown that vehicle related incidents have been the greatest single cause of fatalities in the E&P industry over the period reviewed. Analysis of the OGP database shows no evidence of a decrease in the rate of land transport related fatalities over the period.
Journey Management in Colombia
Authors: Torifio S Segundo J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Our organization as an oil sector services company, has as main objective "to exceed and satisfy our clients' needs guarding the personal safety of persons, the community, and the preserving of the environment. In order to travel to the different wells, Halliburton must transport its personnel, equipment and material to the different facilities located in all types of geographical regions of the world. The main means of transportation used for this purpose is by land. Therefore, it has all types of vehicles, from light vehicles for the transportation of an engineer or operator, passing through squad transportation vehicles, up to heavy equipment, more than 18 wheelers, many of which have been specially designed for Halliburton
Establishing A Lasting Legacy: A New Model for Sustainable Development
Authors: Taureka I. R. , Flemming D. T. , Kini S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
For the past ten years, Chevron Niugini Limited has operated a collection of small oilfields in southwestern Papua New Guinea. The local communities surrounding the oilfield and pipeline facilities are spread over 13 language groups and 83 villages, scattered throughout dense tropical rainforest with little accessibility. To manage and mitigate the impacts of a petroleum development on such an isolated group of people, Chevron commissioned socio-economic impact studies for each area of operations and further anthropological and social analyses were completed over time. The needs and priorities identified from this research formed the basis for planning and implementing community development initiatives addressing the social needs of the community and the specific socio-economic impacts on them. These initiatives were implemented by staff of Chevron Niugini's community affairs group in partnership with government and non-government development agencies.
After reviewing lessons learned over time, Chevron and its joint venture participants in Papua New Guinea realised a new model should be established for implementing these initiatives. One that can promote improved partnerships and networking amongst development agencies and ensure sustainable results are achieved beyond the life of oil and gas production in the area. In developing such a model, Chevron drew upon the expertise of the organisations it has partnered with, such as the World Wildlife Fund. The new model resulted in the creation of the CDI Foundation, which serves as a more effective vehicle for implementing current initiatives while building capacity to promote sustainable social development in the long term. CDI stands for Community Development Initiatives. The Foundation builds upon the initiatives started by Chevron Niugini and leverages these with increasing participation from other development agencies and the community itself. This paper describes how this new model was established and what benefits it offers to the stakeholders involved.
Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility Into a Corporate Culture, the Quest to Embed Integrity into the Workplace
Authors: Gossen Randall G. , Mann Garry J. , de Jonge Laura 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Nexen Inc. (the "Company"), an independent global energy and chemicals company, has made significant strides in the area of corporate social responsibility ("CSR"). Developments such as globalization, environmental issues, competitive labor markets and advances in technology have accelerated the pace at which these and other corporate social responsibility issues have risen up the corporate agenda. The playing field for multi-national enterprises has been forever altered.
In response to these emerging issues and encouraged by Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Company championed and adopted the International Code of Ethics for Canadian Business (the "Code") in 1997. The Code received endorsement from the Canadian government and support from many companies and business associations. The Code provides principles for community participation, environmental protection, business conduct and employee health and safety. The Company's Integrity Program is the vehicle by which the Code is implemented. The Integrity Program focuses on ensuring that the Code is more than simply words. Its principles have been successfully translated into comprehensive and innovative practices which address industry considerations faced by companies today and which benefit the company and its stakeholders.
Corporate social responsibility is an area of emerging global importance. Besides being the right thing to do, fostering a culture of integrity has ensured that the Company adds shareholder value over the long term and makes a difference in its broader sphere of influence.
The Search for Solutions: Promoting Environmental Stewardship in China
Authors: Boben Mark E. , Summerlin Roger Dale , Brody Marc 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Phillips China Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Phillips Petroleum Company, a multi-national, integrated oil company with its corporate headquarters in Bartlesville, Oklahoma USA, believes in giving back to the community in which it has a presence. This basic philosophy includes promoting community involvement activities that support environmental protection, promoting the value of education and preserving and respecting a community's culture. This is not a new philosophy but rather a core value of the Company, a cornerstone of Phillips Petroleum Company's corporate value system.
Phillips has been active in China since the 1970's and began producing oil from its offshore production operations in the South China Sea in 1994. By 1997, environmental concerns were surfacing throughout Chinese society and the industrial community. The Company decided an environmental education initiative designed to help Chinese students become better environmental citizens, would be the focus of a major community involvement program.
Phillips has provided both financial sponsorship and leadership to build the Search for Solutions (SFS) environmental education initiative into a successful multi-year program. In 1998, Phillips established working partnerships with the China State Environmental Protection Administration and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureaus in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Lanzhou. Under Phillips supervision, specific SFS activities have been designed, implemented, and financially managed by the U.S.-China Environmental Fund.
Search for Solution's goal is to help Chinese elementary and secondary students become better environmental citizens by providing environmental education materials and by organizing activities in areas where Phillips is active or plans to establish operations.
This paper will describe the structure of the initiative and how we have established Phillips' Search for Solutions as a successful program with our Chinese partners at the China State Environmental Protection Administration and the municipal Environmental Protection Bureaus.
Integrating Social and Environmental Assessments into the Project Decision and Design Process
Authors: Hargis Dean , Covington Terry 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Social and environmental issues represent increasingly important considerations in the successful implementation of oil and gas development and transportation projects. Though this is generally well recognized, these topics are often addressed as procedural requirements after principal project design details have been finalized. This can result in needless expense associated with last-minute design changes, strained community relations, and wasted effort related to the pursuit of projects that are not compatible with their social and/or environmental setting. These problems can be minimized by incorporating a disciplined process of social and environmental data collection into early commercial and technical feasibility studies, and then integrating ongoing community interaction and environmental investigations into the process of progressively more detailed engineering studies.
This paper presents detailed information about an integrated process of project decision-making and design efforts with social and environmental inputs applicable to major industrial projects. The stepwise process of the social and environmental investigations is described along with a specific explanation of its integration with the project decision-making and design process. This description is intended to allow others to apply this approach to future projects. The authors of this paper conclude that this process could contribute to corporate profitability by reducing expenses associated with project redesign efforts and by early recognition of environmental and social fatal flaws.
Communication for Public Consultation
Authors: Khan Omayma , Khan Basit , Dennis Paul 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In 1997, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources (MOPNR) of Pakistan awarded the exploration license for Dumbar concession to Premier Exploration Pakistan Limited. What makes this concession of particular interest is that the block encompasses the area of the Kirthar National Park (KNP), the Mahal Kohistan Wildlife Sanctuary and the Eri-Sumbak Game Reserves – areas that are protected because of the biodiversity value they house.
As a result of this, the Kirthar National Park became the subject of some controversy between national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the Exploration Company attempting to gain access to the Park to begin exploration. Despite commitments from the company to use industry best practises and advanced technologies for the protection of the environment and the species within it, NGOs remained adamant that the company's exploration license should be revoked and the opportunity to tap potentially large gas reserves rescinded.
Rather than ignore the protests of the NGOs, the company decided to engage with these very organisations in order to demonstrate to them that the company could manage its operations in an environmentally sensitive manner, and would in fact, contribute to the net betterment of the very area the NGOs were seeking to protect.
As part of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process; the company developed a public consultation and disclosure plan based on the assesment of key stakeholders and their influence on the project. Communication tools and other inter-active options were used to convey details of the company's activities and its approach to environmental management and community welfare. Devising a communications strategy is perhaps a novel approach for the oil and gas sector to take, but it's one that contributed to the company's subsequent approval for seismic operations in the KNP. One that came after four years of sustained effort during which it became evident that opinion of some of the stakeholders changed significantly as a result of the strategy.
Medical Surveillance of Food Handlers
Authors: Balge Marci Z. , Krieger Gary R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Food handlers potentially represent a specific source of disease transmission in a remote exploration and production environment. Since a food borne epidemic can produce significant morbidity and lost time, it is critical to consider the various sources of disease in the food procurement and delivery system. Food handlers, especially in remote locations that inherently have a substantial underlying disease burden, require special medical attention. A number of strategies exist for implementing medical surveillance programs for food handlers. This paper will include medical exam content and frequency, immunizations, laboratory testing, presumptive disease treatment for parasitic infections, and return to work practices.
Conducting Public Health Risk Assessment in a Remote Drilling Site in Indonesia: An Experience
Authors: Zainuddin Zainal Mubarik , Samad Abu Hasan , Hasyim Irwan B. , Basuni Hanapi , Zampello Frank C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As the Company continues to explore new business opportunities in remote, less developed frontier regions of the world; the challenge of maintaining high safety and health standards is increased. The risks of illness and injury in such operations are not only from the traditional occupational health factors such as chemical and physical hazards but also from the local environmental health factors and endemic diseases. Examples of such diseases are adverse reactions to the different or extreme climate, vegetation, insect and other vectors; diseases transmitted by insects and other vectors (e.g. typhoid, cholera, malaria, Japanese B encephalitis, dengue fever); local public health and hygiene practices (e.g. gastrointestinal diseases related to food and water contamination, sexually transmitted disease). The health risks may further increase due to limited medical resources and facilities, and remoteness of the site for timely delivery of routine and emergency care to the workforce. As these new business opportunities are pursued, maintaining safe operations and healthy workforce remains to be highest priority. Hence, like all other aspects of business, health and safety should be addressed systematically and consistently.
A standard process of conducting public health and medical resource assessments was developed by the Company to professionally and systematically evaluate health risks and level of medical support using Public Health Risk Matrix, Infectious Diseases Matrix, evaluation forms, etc. The results of the assessments are used as the basis for developing risk-based, operation-specific public health risk controls and level of health care support for both routine and emergency.
The paper intends to share our experience in conducting the public health and medical resource assessments using the standard process in a remote drilling site in Cepu, East Java in Indonesia. The results of the assessment, the recommendations, issues and challenges from the exercise will be discussed.
Mass Balance of Production Chemicals
Authors: Aas N. , Knudsen B. , Sæten J. O. , Nordstad E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Estimates of the amount of discharged production chemicals are most often calculated using octanol/water partition coefficients. This is due to the lack of any better methods to predict how much of the chemicals is water soluble and would thus follow with the produced water to sea. Here a laboratory method for determining the partitioning of some typical production chemicals between oil and water is reported. The experimental parameters that influence the partitioning have been examined and partition coefficients for a range of chemicals have thus been established. The validity of this laboratory method has been verified in a field trial in the North Sea. By combining the partition coefficients with production data and putting these into a spreadsheet the so-called ‘Mass Balance Simulator’ is obtained. With this it is possible to predict how much of a chemical is discharged to sea and how much is retained in the crude oil leaving the platform.
Environmentally Acceptable Cement Fluid Loss Additive
Authors: Dao Bach , Vijn Pieter 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The need for environmentally acceptable cement additives has encouraged the development of new additives based on biopolymers, especially in the North Sea area where environmental regulations are very strict. The main challenge is to develop environmentally acceptable chemicals that meet the relevant environmental legislation and operational criteria, and thus could replace synthetic materials that are currently being used. This paper will describe the development of a cement fluid loss additive that meets the challenges described above.
Cellulose-type materials have been used for decades as additives to control cement fluid loss. These are PLONOR (pose little or no risk) listed materials, which means they do not have to be subjected to testing protocols. They were agreed upon by all OSPARCOM (Oslo-Paris Commission) countries, and thus, required no further extensive ecotoxicity testing before introduction. However, cellulose-type materials that have been used so far have several limitations: their fluid loss control properties decrease at temperatures above 200°F, their salt tolerance is limited and over-retardation problems can occur at low temperature. Furthermore, the slurry viscosity to fluid loss ratio is unfavorable compared to that of currently available synthetic fluid loss additives. When these cellulose type materials are combined with other additives to help improve their performance, the environmental advantages are compromised, and the resulting substance can no longer be listed as PLONOR.
This paper describes the development of a modified cellulose (HEC) type of cement fluid loss product. It is salt tolerant, it can perform well up to temperatures as high as 280°F and is environmentally acceptable. After extensive laboratory testing, the production has been scaled up for introduction and a successful field trial has been performed in the North Sea area.
CO2 Sequestration in Depleted Oil or Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Le Gallo Yann , Couillens Philippe , Manai Taoufik 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The reduction of Greenhouse Gases emission is a growing concern of many industries. Following the mitigation solutions recommended by the Kyoto Protocol, underground sequestration of CO2 is a way to meet this goal, as oil and gas fields offer huge CO2 storage capacities, while preserving the environment.
The oil and gas industry has a long commercial practice of gas injection: EOR, natural gas storage. Using a depleted oil or gas reservoir for CO2 storage has several interesting advantages among which the relatively large pressure range available for injection, allowing the storage of significant gas quantities for a low compression power, without altering the cap-rock integrity. Besides, the availability of reservoir dynamical and geological characterization and existing production/injection wells contributes to the optimization of the project, both technically and economically.
This CO2 storage can be permanent in the case of mineral trapping or very long term (several thousand years) in the case of hydrodynamic trapping. The long-term risk analysis of the CO2 behavior and its impact on the environment is a key objective of the project. That is why the selection of an appropriate reservoir is crucial to the success of the sequestration.
Two major steps have been identified while sequestering CO2. The injected CO2 dissolves and diffuses in oil and water and follows the pressure gradient (hydrodynamic trapping). Then, the dissolved CO2 reacts with the minerals within the formation and induces dissolution/precipitation reactions (mineral trapping), that may impair the well injectivity and/or the cap-rock sealing properties.
For the first time, this study investigates both sides using reservoir simulator with improved CO2 thermodynamics (ATHOS) and reactive transport simulator (DIAPHORE) to evaluate the extend of mineral trapping (kinetically controlled reaction) and long term behavior of CO2 within the reservoir and its neighboring geological formations (cap rock, aquifer).
This work is funded by Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP), Geostock, TotalFinaElf and sponsored by the French Ministry of Industry (FSH).