bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of gangliosides in human uveal melanoma cells
Authors: Soulieres Denis , Rousseau Alain , Deschenes Jean , Tremblay Michel , Tardif Manon , Pelletier Guy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have evaluated the ganglioside composition of 20 primary uveal melanomas, of 2 cell lines derived from 2 uveal melanomas, of a liver metastasis from an uveal melanoma, and 8 of normal choroids. The results show that normal choroid tissue has a ganglioside content similar to the primary tumors of uveal melanoma except for GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, which are present only on normal choroid tissues. On the other hand, the uveal melanomas have similarities with cutaneous melanomas, since GM3 (74%) and GD3 (25%) are found in both tissues and are present in about the same amounts. However, GM1 was found in 50%, GM2 in 20% and GD2 in none of the uveal melanomas. According to data published by others, cutaneous melanoma biopsies have no GM1, whereas GM2 is present in 100% and GD2 in 71% of tumor tissues. Transplantation of the 2 cell lines subcutaneously into nude mice resulted in the growth of tumors which had a ganglioside profile larger than that of the primary tumors. GM3 was significantly diminished and GD3 significantly increased in the primary uveal melanoma from patients who had received radiotherapy before enucleation compared with those who did not have radiotherapy. These results show that uveal melanomas contain gangliosides that could be used as targets for monoclonal antibody therapy.
Meat, cooking methods and colorectal cancer: A case‐referent study in Stockholm
Authors: de Verdier Maria Gerhardsson , Hagman Ulla , Peters Ruth K. , Steineck Gunnar , Övervik Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe associations between methods of cooking meats and colorectal cancer were examined in a population‐based case‐ referent study performed in Stockholm in 1986‐1988. The study included 559 cases and 505 referents. Total meat intake, frequent consumption of brown gravy, and a preference for heavily browned meat surface each independently increased the risk for colorectal cancer. The relative risks (RR) were higher for rectal than for colon cancer, and for boiled meat (RR colon = 1.7, RR rectum = 2.7) than for meat fried with medium or lightly browned surface (RR colon = 0.8, RR rectum = 1.1), but the highest risks were for meat fried with heavily browned surface (RR colon = 2.8, RR rectum = 6.0). The analyses were adjusted for year of birth, gender and fat intake. Further adjustments for total energy, dietary fiber intake, body mass and physical activity had little or no influence on the results. The findings suggest that, in addition to frequent meat intake, a heavily browned meat surface formed when frying meat at high temperatures is important in the etiology colorectal cancer.
The impact of a breast cancer screening programme on quality‐adjusted life‐years
Authors: de Haes J. C. J. M. , de Koning Harry J. , van Oortmarssen Gerrit J. , van Agt Heleen M. E. , de Bruyn Arry E. , van der Maas Paul J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTrials have shown that breast cancer screening is effective in reducing breast cancer mortality and gaining life‐years. The question is whether taking into account the impact of a screening programme on quality of life would lead to a less positive view. Screening may have effects on quality of life in the short run for women participating and effects in the long run as a result of the expected shift in the number of women experiencing early and advanced phases of the disease, after the initiation of the programme. In this study 4 steps have been taken: (1) published studies on quality of life and breast cancer (screening) up to 1989 have been reviewed and summarized and, based on these data, the consequences of breast cancer and treatment have been described: (2) values have been assigned to the disease and treatment phases by experts in breast cancer and public health (N = 31, response 87%); (3) these values have been inserted in the MISCAN model predicting the prevalence of disease/treatment phases with and without a 2‐yearly screening programme for women aged 50‐70 and multiplied by the duration of these phases; (4) analyses have been done to establish the sensitivity of the results for the values inserted. The programme of 2‐yearly mammographic screening for women aged 50‐70 is predicted to be 8% „less effective”︁ (range − 19.7 to +3.2%) when computing quality‐adjusted life‐years. We conclude that this adjustment is too small to attribute a major role to quality of life in the decision to undertake a large‐scale breast cancer screening programme.
Concentrations of oestrone and 4‐hydroxyandrostenedione in malignant and normal breast tissues
Authors: Reed M. J. , Aherne G. W. , Ghilchik M. W. , Patel S. , Chakraborty J. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract4‐Hydroxyandrostenedione (4‐OHA) is a specific inhibitor of aromatase activity used for the treatment of breast cancer in post‐menopausal women. Treatment with 4‐OHA has been shown to inhibit the peripheral conversion of androstenedione to oestrone and reduce plasma oestrogen concentrations, but the effect of treatment on breast‐tissue oestrone concentrations is not known. We have therefore examined the effect of treatment with 4‐OHA on oestrone concentrations in normal and malignant breast tissues and also measured plasma and tissue 4‐OHA concentrations. Changes in tumour oestrone concentrations were related to DNA polymerase α activity, a marker of cellular proliferation. Blood and breast‐tissue samples were obtained before and 36 hr after treatment with 4‐OHA. The mean plasma concentration of 4‐OHA was 27.9 ± 19.3 ng/ml, compared with levels of 33.7 ± 25.6 ng/g for breast tumour and 13.5 ± 11.5 ng/g for normal breast tissue. There was a significant correlation between 4‐OHA concentrations in plasma and normal breast tissue (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Treatment with 4‐OHA resulted in a significant (p < 0.02) decrease in breast‐tissue oestrone concentrations. For 3/4 tumour samples, a marked decrease in the concentration of oestrone (78 ± 4%) was associated with a similar decrease (64 ± 16%) in DNA polymerase α activity. It is concluded that treatment with 4‐OHA effectively reduces breast‐tissue exposure to oestrogen.
Enhancement of anti‐neoplastic activity of cytosine arabinoside against human HL‐60 myeloid leukemic cells by 3‐deazauridine
Authors: Momparler Richard L. , Bouffard David Y. , Momparler Louise F. , Marquet Jeanine , Zittoun Jacqueline , Marie Jean‐Pierre , Zittoun Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDrug resistance is one of the major reasons for failure of chemotherapy of acute leukemia with cytosine arabinoside (ARA‐C). In order to overcome this problem we have investigated the interaction of ARA‐C with 3‐deazauridine (3‐DU) against HL‐60 myeloid leukemic cells. 3‐DU is an interesting agent to use in combination with ARA‐C, since drug‐resistant cells that are deficient in deoxycytidine kinase are very sensitive to this uridine analogue. We have observed that for both short and long drug exposure there was a potent synergistic interaction between ARA‐C and 3‐DU with respect to their cytotoxic effects on HL‐60 leukemic cells. This synergy could be explained by an increased cellular uptake of ARA‐C to ARA‐CTP by the leukemic cells in the presence of 3‐DU, due to the reduction in the pool of dCTP produced by this latter analogue. Since dCTP is a potent feedback inhibitor of the phosphorylation of ARA‐C by deoxycytidine kinase, the reduction in the dCTP produced by 3‐DU results in an increased rate of phosphorylation of the arabinosyl analogue. Our results suggest that ARA‐C and 3‐DU may be an interesting drug combination to circumvent drug resistance in the chemotherapy of acute leukemia.
Putrescine and spermidine uptake is regulated by proliferation and dexamethasone treatment in AR4‐2J cells
Authors: Nicolet Thierry , Scemama Jean‐Luc , Pradayrol Lucien , Berthélémy Philippe , Seva Catherine , Vaysse Nicole 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation. Their specific uptake contributes to the regulation of intracellular polyamine levels. In this study, we describe the modulation of this transport mechanism in a rat tumoral pancreatic acinar cell line (AR4‐2J) and analyze the transport system characteristics of the normal rat pancreatic acini. Normal acini had a common carrier for spermidine and spermine, like AR4‐2J cells, but not a specific putrescine carrier. Intracellular polyamine deprivation enhanced putrescine and spermidine uptake of AR4‐2J cells with no modification of polyamine carrier affinity. Uptake was modulated during growth and decreased for both polyamines at confluence. AR4‐2J cell differentiation with dexamethasone prevented cell proliferation and diminished uptake of both putrescine and spermidine without affecting their respective carrier affinities. Our data show, first, that the polyamine transport system could be modulated by polyamine metabolism with no change in its affinity characteristics. Second, in rat pancreatic acinar cells, neoplastic transformation was partly characterized by induction of a high‐affinity putrescine carrier. This phenotype was not reversed by dexamethasone‐induced cell differentiation.
Tumorigenicity of EBV‐carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLS): Distinctive grading in scid mice
Authors: Ramqvist Torbjörn , Norén Lennart , Iwarsson Krister , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro and in vivo growth of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) and PBL‐derived immunoblastomas in SCID mice was studied in parallel. Most, but not all, of the LCLs tested were tumorigenic in SCID mice. Long‐term culturing in vitro was not a necessary prerequisite for tumorigenicity. There was a good correlation between in vivo and in vitro growth. Three major classes of cells could be distinguished on the basis of their growth properties.
Dipyridamole enhancement of doxorubicin‐induced translocation of nucleophosmin and inhibition of cell growth in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Yung Benjamin Yat‐Ming , Chang Fu‐Jung , Luo Kang‐Jiun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDipyridamole (DPM) enhanced sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) in a human leukemia cell line that was already relatively sensitive to this agent. Using an immunofluorescence technique, we determined the localization of nucleophosmin (protein B23) in HL‐60 cells after incubation with DOX in the absence and presence of DPM. Bright nucleolar fluorescence was observed in control HL‐60 cells. The addition of DOX (0.1‐0.25 μg/ml) the culture system resulted in time‐ and dose‐dependent induction of nucleophosmin translocation from the nucleolus nucleoplasm and inhibition of cell growth. DPM (5 μM) alone had no effect on nucleophosmin translocation and inhibition cell growth. However, the addition of DPM to the cells enhanced DOX‐stimulated translocation of nucleophosmin. There was a good correlation between the DPM enhancement DOX‐induced nucleophosmin translocation and the increased inhibition of cell growth. The cell number decreased to greater extent within a shorter time period under treatment with DOX in the presence of DPM. Short exposure (0.5 hr) HL‐60 cells to DOX induced dose‐response nucleophosmin translocation and cell growth inhibition. Such effects of a short exposure to DOX were also enhanced by DPM (5 μM) included in the fresh medium after removal of DOX. This was agreement with the observation that DPM could increase the cellular DOX by inhibiting the drug efflux from the cells. These results demonstrate that DPM, being able to increase and retain the intracellular levels of DOX, can markedly enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX, and suggest possible clinical application. „Nucleophosmin translocation”︁, as observed by immunofluorescence, could be useful in determining the efficacy combinations of DOX and DPM in cancer chemotherapy.
Peri‐tumor interleukin‐2 causes systemic therapeutic effect via interferon‐γ induction
Authors: Vaage Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study compares the direct local therapeutic effects of multiple peri‐tumor injections of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), also the associated systemic therapeutic effects on distant untreated tumors resulting from the peritumor injections. The therapeutic effects were tested against intramammary implants of an immunogenic, syngeneic C3H mammary carcinoma. Peritumor IL‐2 and IFN‐γ had nearly equal local and systemic therapeutic effects. In a comparison of the therapeutic effects of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ injected systemically, only the IFN‐γ injections resulted in a significant number of cures. IL‐2 and IFN‐γ did not have an additive effect when used in combination, suggesting that they have connected, rather than separate, paths of action in the anti‐tumor immune response. The injection of anti‐IFN‐γ‐MAb abrogated the systemic therapeutic effect of peri‐tumor IL‐2, indicating that the systemic therapeutic effect was the result of IFN‐γ induction at the IL‐2 injection site.
Multifactorial resistance in LS174T human colon carcinoma cells selected with doxorubicin
Authors: Rabier Mireille J. , Bruno Nicholas A. , Slate Doris L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of doxorubicin‐resistant variants of the human LS 174T colon carcinoma cell line was generated by stepwise selection. These variants also exhibited increased resistance to vinblastine, etoposide, cis‐platinum, and melphalan, suggesting that resistance was multifactorial. The parental LS 174T cell line and 3 resistant variants were examined for over‐expression of P‐glycoprotein, changes in total cellular glutathione content, and the level of topoisomerase‐II expression. Changes in all of these parameters were observed in the doxorubicin‐selectants, along with a marked shift in the intracellular distribution of doxorubicin. P‐glycoprotein RNA and protein levels were increased 2‐ to 3‐fold in the resistant variants, while total glutathione levels increased 1.4‐ to 2.1‐fold. Treatment with DL‐buthionine‐[S,R]‐sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, was able to reverse resistance to cis‐platinum and melphalan in these variants, but had little effect on doxorubicin resistance. Immunoblot analysis of cell extracts indicated that the level of DNA topoisomerase II (EC 5.99.1.3) in the doxorubicin‐resistant LS174T cells was decreased by approximately 50% compared with the parental cell line. Doxorubicin was mainly localized to the cytoplasm in resistant cells, while in the parent line it was mostly found in the nucleus. This constellation of changes suggests that selection with doxorubicin activated several mechanisms of resistance involving drug transport, metabolism, and ability to reach nuclear target sites.
Improvement by affinity chromatography on antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of immunoreactivity and in vivo targeting of radiolabelled anti‐HMW‐MAA MAb TP61.5 in nude mice bearing human melanoma lesions
Authors: Temponi Massimo , Fawwaz Rashid A. , Kekish Ulana , Wang Theodore S. T. , Ferrone Soldano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human high‐molecular‐weight melanoma‐associated antigen (HMW‐MAA) represents a useful marker for immunoscin‐ tigraphy in patients with melanoma. Since injection of a radiolabelled anti‐HMW‐MAA monoclonal antibody (MAb) visualizes only about 60% of melanoma lesions, approaches are being developed to increase the sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy. One of them aims at improving the immunoreactivity of radiolabelled anti‐HMW‐MAA MAbs, since this approach may improve the targeting of radiolabelled MAbs to melanoma lesions. We have previously shown that affinity chromatography on insolubilized anti‐idiotypic MAbs is a useful method for purifying immunoreactive anti‐HMW‐MAA MAb TP61.5 from 125I‐la‐ belled MAb preparations and that not all the anti‐idiotypic MAbs are useful for this purpose. Since the increasing number of available anti‐idiotypic MAbs is likely to facilitate the application of this procedure in many antigenic systems, we have now tested criteria to select anti‐idiotypic MAbs suitable for the purification procedure. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of the increase in immunoreactivity of 125I‐MAb TP6 1.5 on its in vivo targeting to human melanoma lesions transplanted into nude mice. Among the 3 anti‐idiotypic MAbs tested, the most effective in purifying immunoreactive MAb TP6 1.5 mole cules following radiolabelling is MAb TK7‐110, with which 125I‐MAb TP61.5 displays an immunoreactivity similar to that displayed with melanoma cells. This parameter may represent a useful criterion to identify anti‐idiotypic MAbs suitable for the purification procedure, if the present results are confirmed with a large number of anti‐idiotypic MAbs in different antigenic systems. We have also shown that an incubation time for up to 4 hr of 125I‐MAb TP61.5 with insolubilized MAb TK7‐110 is the most effective in increasing immunoreactivity and in recovering immunoreactive MAb applied to the affinity matrix. The increase in the immunoreactive fraction of 125I‐MAb TP61.5 significantly increases its specific localization in human melanoma lesions transplanted into nude mice. These results suggest that purification of radiolabelled immunoreactive anti‐HMW‐ MAA MAb TP61.5 by affinity chromatography using antiidiotypic MAb TK7‐110 represents a useful approach to increasing the sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy in patients with melanoma.
Cancer mortality in the ussr, 1986‐88
Authors: La Vecchia Carlo , Levi Fabio , Lucchini Franca , Evstifeeva Tatiana , Boyle Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMortality rates in the USSR for the major cancer sites have been computed for the period 1986‐88 from official numbers of certified deaths and population estimates provided by the World Health Organization databank, and compared with rates for 26 other European countries. Among males, elevated mortality rates (age‐adjusted, world standard) were observed for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (6.6/100,000), oesophagus (8.4/100,000) and larynx (6.8/100,000). Mortality from cancer of the stomach (38.4/100,000 males and 16.5/100,000 females, for a total of 87,000 deaths per year) was the highest in Europe. Likewise, overall lung cancer rates among males (61.0/100,000, for over 77,000 deaths per year) were among the highest in Europe, and showed substantial rises over the last 2 decades. Lung cancer mortality in females was comparatively low (6.9/100,000), and increased only moderately. Rates for cancers of the intestine (14.6/100.000 males and 10.6/100,000 females) and of the female breast (12.9/100,000) were comparatively low as compared to most other European countries, and those for prostatic cancer (5.9/100,000) were the lowest registered in Europe. In contrast, mortality for cancer of the uterus (9.7/100.000) was among the highest in Europe, probably due to high mortality from cervical cancer. Priorities for cancer control in the Soviet Union are thus reduction of consumption of tobacco and alcohol, which largely explain the high rates for lung and upper digestive and respiratory sites, improvements in diet composition and food storage to reduce the substantial excess of stomach cancer, and rational screening for cervical cancer.
Expression of lactoferrin in human stomach
Authors: Luqmani Y. A. , Campbell T. A. , Bennet C. , Coombes R. C. , Paterson I. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of the haeme‐binding protein, lactoferrin, was studied in human gastric tissues displaying normal, benign hyperplastic or malignant histology. A single 2.5‐kb mRNA was detected in only 14% (2/14) of normal resections. This was similar to the finding that 85% of tumours were also negative, with 4/27 positive. In contrast, samples with superficial or atrophic gastritis had a high frequency of expression, with 5/7 and 9/14 positive respectively. The higher incidence of lactoferrin mRNA in antral samples was a reflection of the greater proportion of these compared with body resections of patients with gastritis. No expression was seen in any of 5 gastric carcinoma cell lines. High levels were observed in the cardia, in contrast to complete absence in the oesophagus. Immunocytochemistry showed localization of lactoferrin in cells of both antral and body glands. Chief cells, but not adjacent parietal cells, were strongly stained. In tissues exhibiting superficial or atrophic gastritis we observed a greater degree and intensity of staining as compared with samples with normal histology. We also observed some staining of tumour cells, though this was very patchy. Lactoferrin may have a role in mucosal iron transport in both normal and highly proliferating tissue, but does not appear to be significantly associated with malignant lesions.
P‐glycoprotein expression and schedule dependence of adriamycin cytotoxicity in human colon carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Lai Gi‐Ming , Chen Yi‐Nan , Mickley Lyn A. , Fojo Antonio T. , Bates Susan E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour human colon cancer cell lines (SW620, LS 180, DLD‐I, and HCT‐15) and Adriamycin‐resistant sub‐lines with varying degrees of P‐glycoprotein expression were studied to evaluate the reversibility of Adriamycin resistance in human colon cancer. Two groups of cell lines were studied. In the first, including a series of Adriamycin‐resistant SW620 and DLD‐I sub‐lines, and in parental HCT‐15 cells, P‐glycoprotein has a major role in Adriamycin resistance, as evidenced by a correlation between Adriamycin resistance, expression of the multi‐drug‐resistance gene mdr‐I and its product, P‐glycoprotein (Pgp), decreased drug accumulation and reversibility by verapamil. In these cell lines, increasing doses of verapamil are required to fully reverse increasing levels of resistance. In the second group, including parental SW620, DLD‐I and LS 180 cells and Adriamycin‐selected LS 180 sub‐lines, P‐glycoprotein does not have a major role in Adriamycin resistance. There was correlation between the schedule dependence of Adriamycin cytotoxicity and the role of P‐glycoprotein in modulating reristance. In the cell lines in which P‐glycoprotein was a major determinant of Adriamycin resistance, the drug exposure (defined as the product of the concentration and the time of treatment) needed to achieve a given percent cell kill was reduced as much as 9‐fold when cells were treated for 7 days as compared with 3 hr. By comparison, in cell lines in which P‐glycoprotein played a lesser role, the drug exposure necessary to achieve a given percent kill increased under conditions of continuous treatment. In some human colon carcinoma cell lines Pgp appears to play a significant role in resistance to Adriamycin, and this can be overcome by the use of competitive inhibitors of Pgp. The increased sensitivity with continuous treatment observed in cell lines with P‐glycoprotein‐mediated resistance suggests that administration of drugs by continuous infusion may be valuable in reversing clinical drug resistance mediated predominantly by P‐glycoprotein.