bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the role of tropical cyclones in shaping present species distributions
Authors: Thonis Anna , Stansfield Alyssa , Akçakaya H. Resit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDriven by climate change, tropical cyclones (TCs) are predicted to change in intensity and frequency through time. Given these forecasted changes, developing an understanding of how TCs impact insular wildlife is of heightened importance. Previous work has shown that extreme weather events may shape species distributions more strongly than climatic averages; however, given the coarse spatial and temporal scales at which TC data are often reported, the influence of TCs on species distributions has yet to be explored. Using TC data from the National Hurricane Center, we developed spatially and temporally explicit species distribution models (SDMs) to examine the role of TCs in shaping present‐day distributions of Puerto Rico's 10 Anolis lizard species. We created six predictor variables to represent the intensity and frequency of TCs. For each occurrence of a species, we calculated these variables for TCs that came within 500 km of the center of Puerto Rico and occurred within the 1‐year window prior to when that occurrence was recorded. We also included predictor variables related to landcover, climate, topography, canopy cover and geology. We used random forests to assess model performance and variable importance in models with and without TC variables. We found that the inclusion of TC variables improved model performance for the majority of Puerto Rico's 10 anole species. The magnitude of the improvement varied by species, with generalist species that occur throughout the island experiencing the greatest improvements in model performance. Range‐restricted species experienced small, almost negligible, improvements but also had more predictive models both with and without the inclusion of TC variables compared to generalist species. Our findings suggest that incorporating data on TCs into SDMs may be important for modeling insular species that are prone to experiencing these types of extreme weather events.
Effect of etranacogene dezaparvovec on quality of life for severe and moderately severe haemophilia B participants: Results from the phase III HOPE‐B trial 2 years after gene therapy
Authors: Itzler Robbin , Buckner Tyler W. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Miller Joel , Recht Michael , Drelich Douglass , Monahan Paul E. , Pipe Steven W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionFor people with haemophilia B (PwHB), bleeding may occur despite prophylaxis, negatively affecting health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The pivotal phase 3 HOPE‐B trial investigating the adeno‐associated virus gene transfer product, etranacogene dezaparvovec (EDZ), demonstrated sustained factor IX (FIX) activity and bleed protection in PwHB with baseline FIX levels ≤2%.AimAssess how EDZ affects HRQoL in HOPE‐B trial participants.MethodsHRQoL was evaluated using generic and disease‐specific patient reported outcomes (PROs) including the EQ‐5D‐5L and the Hem‐A‐QoL questionnaires. Mean domain and total scores were compared 6 months pre‐ and the first 2 years post‐EDZ administration using repeated measures linear mixed models. The percentage of participants with minimal clinically important improvements in HRQoL was also evaluated.ResultsTwo years post‐EDZ, there were nominally significant increases in the least squares (LS) mean score for the EQ‐5D‐5L Index Value (.04; p = .0129), reflecting better HRQoL. Nominally significant decreases in the LS mean scores, reflecting better HRQoL, were also found for the Hem‐A‐QoL total score (−6.0; p < .0001) and the Treatment (−13.94; p < .0001), Feelings (−9.01; p < .0001), Future (−6.45; p = .0004) and Work/School (−5.21; p = .0098) domains. The percentage of participants with ≥15‐point improvement ranged from 45.83% (95% CI: 31.37%, 60.83%) for Treatment to 13.89% (95% CI: 4.67%, 29.50%) for Family Planning. Results were similar for Year 1.ConclusionIn conclusion, gene therapy with EDZ improved HRQoL in the first and second years in several Hem‐A‐QoL domains, including Treatment, Feelings, Work/School and Future domains, whereas improvement in other aspects of HRQoL were not demonstrated.
Turkish students' language‐learning perezhivanie, learner identities, and transformation of self
Authors: Bektaş‐Çetinkaya Yeşim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study used the Vygotskian concept of perezhivanie, an emotionally lived experience, to examine the identities of two Turkish language learners. Learner identity has been researched from social and psychological perspectives; however, the role of emotion and its relationship with cognition has not been sufficiently addressed. As a unit of analysis, Perezhivanie offers a holistic approach to examining learners' identities by considering their emotional and cognitive processes in their learning environments. This study reports on a qualitative case study. Data were obtained from Dodo and Uraz's observations while taking an elective course in Global English and Culture, their multiple reflections written throughout the course, and their interviews. The data analysis revealed ontological instances of perezhivaniya (plural) that stemmed from the two participants' emotionally charged, memorable moments. It revealed how these perezhivaniya formed and transformed their identities throughout their language‐learning experience. These results indicate the importance of assisting language learners by introducing them to the new World of Englishes, thus providing new theoretical frameworks that create a fertile environment for identity transformation.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing hyperplasia of the prostate
Authors: Kyoda Yuki , Shibamori Kosuke , Shindo Tetsuya , Maehana Takeshi , Hashimoto Kohei , Kobayashi Ko , Tanaka Toshiaki , Fukuta Fumimasa , Masumori Naoya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProstatic hyperplasia is very common in elderly men and is a typical disease that reduces quality of life. Histologically, hyperplasia of the prostate gland causes obstruction at the bladder outlet, resulting in symptoms such as a weak urine stream. Various factors have been considered to cause histological enlargement of the prostate, but the underlying cause is still unknown. The factors that cause prostate hyperplasia can be broadly classified into intrinsic and extrinsic ones. Extrinsic factors include things that we directly come into contact with such as bacteria and food. On the other hand, intrinsic factors are those that cause changes in functions originally provided in the body due to some cause, including extrinsic factors, such as chronic inflammation and an imbalance of sex hormones. A large number of reports have been made to date regarding the etiology of prostatic hyperplasia, although they have not yet clarified the fundamental cause(s). The various factors currently known should be outlined for future research. Should it be possible to prevent this highly prevalent prostatic hyperplasia which is mainly cause of dcreasing quality of life, there is no doubt that it would be a huge contribution to humanity.
Impact of a general medicine consultant‐led ward round in the emergency department
Authors: Bajaj Nupur , Goyal Tushar , Teo Ken , Yip Gary 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients requiring admission to the general medicine wards in a public hospital are usually assessed by a medical registrar. This study is based at a metropolitan public hospital in Melbourne where the majority of general medicine patients in the emergency department (ED) are not seen by a consultant physician until they are transferred to the ward.AimsTo assess the impact of general medicine consultant‐led ward rounds (CWRs) in the ED on patient length of stay (LOS).MethodsOne‐month audit was conducted of all patients admitted to general medicine and awaiting transfer to ward from ED at a metropolitan public hospital in Melbourne. A general medicine CWR was then implemented in the ED, followed by another 1‐month audit, with the primary outcome being LOS and the secondary outcome being 30‐day readmission rate. Additionally, admitting medical registrars were invited to complete a survey before and after the implementation of CWRs to assess satisfaction rate.ResultsData from electronic medical records were analysed for 162 patients (90 preimplementation group and 72 postimplementation group). The median LOS was 6 days in the preimplementation group and 4 days in the postimplementation group (P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in 30‐day readmission rates. Surveys showed admitting medical registrars reported a reduced level of stress and fewer barriers to seeking consultant input following implementation.ConclusionsA CWR in the ED has led to decreased LOS for general medicine patients and improved satisfaction among junior medical staff.
Association between famine exposure during infancy and childhood and the risk of chronic kidney disease in adulthood
Authors: Liu Xiao , Sun Junhui , Ge Bing , Pan Chi , Yan Hongxuan , Sun Xiaohui , Peng Jiahui , Wang Weijing , Lin Yongfeng , Zhang Dongfeng , Ning Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamine exposure in childhood is proven to be associated with multiple chornic disease in adult but has not been studied with chronic kidney disease (CKD).AimsThis study was conducted to identify the relationship between famine exposure during infancy and childhood – specifically, the Chinese famine of 1959–1961 – and the risk of adult‐onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Chinese individuals.MethodsThis study included 2937 individuals from the Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program. They were stratified by birth year into infancy‐exposed (1956–1958), childhood‐exposed (1950–1955) and unexposed (1963–1971) groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CKD was defined as an eGFR of <90 mL/min/1.73 m2.ResultsThe mean eGFR values for the infancy‐exposed and childhood‐exposed groups were 107.23 ± 12.53 and 103.23 ± 12.44 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, both of which were lower than that of the unexposed group (114.82 ± 13.39 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.05). In the crude model, the odds ratio (OR) for CKD was 2.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39–2.88) in the infancy‐exposed group and 2.92 (95% CI: 2.17–3.93) in the childhood‐exposed group. Further adjustments for urban/rural residence, body mass index, age, current smoking, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol did not significantly alter the association between famine exposure and CKD. The corresponding ORs were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.17–2.50) and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.81–3.40) for the infancy‐exposed and childhood‐exposed groups respectively.ConclusionsFamine exposure during infancy and childhood is associated with a long‐term decline in eGFR and an increased adult‐onset CKD risk. Early intervention for high‐risk individuals may mitigate the risk of adult‐onset CKD.
Remote consultations in community mental health: A qualitative study of clinical teams
Authors: McCarron Robyn , Moore Anna , Foreman Ilana , Brewis Emily , Clarke Olivia , Howes Abby , Parkin Katherine , Luk Diana , Hirst Maisie Satchwell , Sach Emilie , Shipp Aimee , Stahly Lorna , Bhardwaj Anupam 
Published: March 2024

Accessible summaryWhat Is Known on the Subject?

Mental health care can be delivered remotely through video and telephone consultations.

Remote consultations may be cheaper and more efficient than in person consultations.

What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge

Accessing community mental health care through remote consultations is perceived as not possible or beneficial for all service users.

Delivering remote consultations may not be practical or appropriate for all clinicians or community mental health teams.

What are the Implications for Practice?

Remote consultation cannot be a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ model of community mental health care.

A flexible approach is needed to offering remote consultation that considers its suitability for the service‐user, service and clinician.

AbstractIntroductionResponding to COVID‐19, community mental health teams in the UK NHS abruptly adopted remote consultations. Whilst they have demonstrable effectiveness, efficiency, and economic benefits, questions remain around the acceptability, feasibility and medicolegal implications of delivering community mental health care remotely.AimTo explore perceived advantages, challenges, and practice adaptations of delivering community mental health care remotely.MethodsTen community mental health teams in an NHS trust participated in a service evaluation about remote consultation. Fifty team discussions about remote consultation were recorded April–December 2020. Data analysis used a framework approach with themes being coded within a matrix.ResultsThree major horizontal themes of operations and team functioning, clinical pathways, and impact on staff were generated, with vertical themes of advantages, challenges, equity and adaptations.DiscussionRemote consultation is an attractive model of community mental healthcare. Clinical staff note benefits at individual (staff and service‐user), team, and service levels. However, it is not perceived as a universally beneficial or practical approach, and there are concerns relating to access equality.Implications for PracticeThe suitability of remote consultation needs to be considered for each service‐user, clinical population and clinical role. This requires a flexible and hybrid approach, attuned to safeguarding equality.
Knockout of SlDCL2b attenuates the resistance of tomato to potato spindle tuber viroid infection
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Tian Xiaxia , Xu Huiyuan , Zhan Binhui , Zhou Changyong , Li Shifang , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRNA interference, or RNA silencing, is an important defence mechanism against viroid infection in plants. Plants encode multiple DICER‐LIKE (DCL) proteins that are key components of the RNA silencing pathway. However, the roles of different DCLs in defence responses against viroid infection remain unclear. Here, we determined the function of tomato DCL2b (SlDCL2b) in defence responses against potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection using SlDCL2b loss‐of‐function tomato mutant plants. Compared with wild‐type plants, mutant plants were more susceptible to PSTVd infection, developing more severe symptoms earlier and accumulating higher levels of PSTVd RNAs. Moreover, we verified the feedback mechanism for the regulation of SlDCL2b expression by miR6026. Functional blocking of tomato miR6026, by expressing its target mimics, can enhance resistance to PSTVd infection in tomato plants. These findings deepen the current understanding of RNAi‐based resistance against viroid infection and provide a potentially new strategy for viroid control.
Potent incretin‐based therapy for obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the efficacy of semaglutide and tirzepatide on body weight and waist circumference, and safety
Authors: Müllertz Alberte Laura Oest , Sandsdal Rasmus Michael , Jensen Simon Birk Kjær , Torekov Signe Sørensen 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPotent incretin‐based therapy shows promise for the treatment of obesity along with reduced incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and obesity. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of the incretin‐based obesity treatments, once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and tirzepatide 10 or 15 mg, in people with obesity without diabetes. Of the 744 records identified, seven randomized controlled trials (n = 5140) were included. Five studies (n = 3288) investigated semaglutide and two studies (n = 1852) investigated tirzepatide. The treatment effect, shown as placebo‐subtracted difference, on body weight was −15.0% (95% CI, −17.8 to −12.2) with −12.9% (95% CI, −14.7 to −11.1) for semaglutide and −19.2% (95% CI, −22.2 to −16.2) for tirzepatide. The treatment effect on waist circumference was −11.4 cm (95% CI, −13.7 to −9.2) with −9.7 cm (95% CI, −10.8 to −8.5) for semaglutide and −14.6 cm (95% CI, −15.8 to −13.4) for tirzepatide. The adverse events related to semaglutide and tirzepatide were primarily of mild‐to‐moderate severity and mostly gastrointestinal, which was more frequent during the dose‐titration period and leveled off during the treatment period. This emphasizes that once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and tirzepatide 10 or 15 mg induce large reductions in body weight and waist circumference and are generally well‐tolerated.
On an SIS epidemic model with power‐like nonlinear incidence and with/without cross‐diffusion
Authors: Li Huicong , Xiang Tian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study global existence, boundedness, and convergence of nonnegative classical solutions to a Neumann initial‐boundary value problem for the following possibly cross‐diffusive SIS (susceptible–infected–susceptible) epidemic model with power‐like infection mechanism generalizing the standard mass action incidence:in a bounded smooth domain . The infection force of the form with is a natural extension of the classical mass action type , and the cross‐diffusive term with describes the effect that susceptible individuals tend to move away from higher density of infected populations. Global existence and boundedness of classical solutions are established in certain parameter ranges, and threshold/nonthreshold long‐time behaviors of global bounded solutions are also detected. Our findings significantly improve and extend previous related studies.
Trust in News and Trust through News
Authors: Verbalyte Monika , Trenz Hans-Jörg , Eigmüller Monika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On the one hand, media is an instrument of social and political trust building: Through it, trustful citizens are formed and socialized as members of a political community. On the other hand, the media is also an object of trust. And the degree people trust the media and its products has important consequences for the legitimacy of government. The authors use data from their own survey to help answer the question of how trust correlates with patterns of media consumption. They find that consumption of legacy media increases social, political and media trust, whereas social media use demonstrates differing platform-specific patterns. The authors could also state some country differences in terms of how media consumption is related to trust.
Vascular Reactivity Index as an Effective Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jingyi Sun , Cunliang Gao , Biao Chen , Yingguang Xie , Jinluan Ma , Xiaohua Cao , Wenqiang Li 
Published: March 2024

Background Sepsis is a serious complication that occurs after trauma, burns, and infections, and it is an important cause of death in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Despite many new measures being proposed for sepsis treatment, its mortality rate remains high; sepsis has become a serious threat to human health, and there is an urgent need to carry out in-depth clinical research related to sepsis. In recent years, it has been found that septic shock-induced vasoplegia is a result of vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasopressors. Therefore, this study intended to establish an objective formula related to vasoplegia that can be used to assess the prognosis of patients and guide clinical treatment. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 106 septic shock patients admitted to the ICU of Jining No. 1 People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. The patients were divided into mortality and survival groups based on 28-day survival, and hemodynamics were monitored by the pulse index continuous cardiac output system. The dose and duration of vasopressors, major hemodynamic parameters, lactic acid (Lac) levels, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were recorded within 48 h of hospital admission. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients, and the predictive value of the vascular response index (VRI) was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The differences between the survival and mortality groups in terms of age, sex ratio, body weight, ICU length of stay, distribution of infection sites, underlying disease conditions, baseline Lac levels, and some hemodynamic parameters were not statistically significant ( P > .05). The results of multifactorial logistic regression showed that the admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Lac level at 24 h of treatment, maximal vasoactive inotropic score at 24 h (VISmax24), maximal vasoactive inotropic score at 48 h (VISmax48), and VRI were independent risk factors affecting 28-day mortality. Within 48 h of receiving vasopressor therapy, the VRI was lower in the mortality group than in the survival group. The area under the ROC curve for the VRI was 0.86, and the best cutoff value of the VRI for predicting 28-day mortality was 32.50 (YI = 0.80), with a sensitivity of 0.90, a specificity of 0.90, and a better prediction of mortality than the other indicators. Conclusions The VRI is a good predictor of mortality in patients with septic shock, and a lower VRI indicates more severe vasoplegia, poorer prognosis, and higher mortality in patients with septic shock.
Delaying Suspension Syndrome Onset in Aerially Suspended Victims Through Leg Raising
Authors: Willihnganz Sophie B. , Ahmed Zubair , Lee Justine J. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Suspension syndrome (SS) develops when venous blood pools in extremities of passively suspended individuals, resulting in presyncopal symptoms and potential unconsciousness or death independent of additional injuries. We investigated use of leg raising to delay onset of SS, as it can decrease venous pooling and increase cardiac return and systemic perfusion. Methods Participants were suspended in rock climbing harnesses at an indoor climbing wall in a legs-dangling control position or a legs-raised interventional position to compare physiological outcomes between groups. Participants were suspended for a maximum of 45 min. Onset of 2 or more symptoms of SS, such as vertigo, lightheadedness, or nausea, halted suspension immediately. We recorded each participant's heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, lower leg oxygen saturation, pain rating, and presyncope scores presuspension, midsuspension, and postsuspension, as well as total time suspended. Results There were 24 participants. There was a significant difference in total time suspended between groups (43.05±6.7 min vs 33.35±9.02 min, p=0.007). There was a significant difference in heart rate between groups overall ( p=0.012), and between groups, specifically at the midsuspension time interval (80±11 bpm vs 100±17 bpm, p=0.003). Pain rating was significantly different between groups ( p=0.05). Differences in blood pressure, oxygen saturation, lower leg oxygen saturation, and presyncope scores were not significant. Conclusion Leg raising lengthened the time individuals tolerated passive suspension and delayed symptom onset.