bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum: Diagnosis with fat suppressed MR imaging
Authors: Mortele Koenraad J. , Merge Patricia J. , Williams Willie F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a case of a 50‐year‐old female evaluated for a 1‐year history of numbness of the first and second toe of the right foot. Echocardiography performed in order to exclude cardiovascular compromise revealed a granular mass originating from the posterior part of the interatrial septum. On subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fat suppression sequences, the final diagnosis of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, a benign and under‐recognized condition characterized by septal accumulation of fatty tissue, was made. Although no previous reports have focused on this, tailored cardiac MR with fat suppression sequences proved to be an excellent noninvasive method in assessing an accurate diagnosis and in differentiating lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum from other cardiac neoplasms.
Primary carcinoid of the duodenum: Detection and characterization by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Whitfill Charlene Hu , Siegelman Evan S. , Rosato Ernest F. , Furth Emma E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a rare case of a primary small bowel carcinoid in which high‐resolution MRI was able to detect a 1‐cm primary duodenal neoplasm. This case illustrates that breath‐hold contrast‐enhanced MRI is capable of evaluating disease of the small bowel.
Three‐dimensional triple‐quantum‐filtered 23Na imaging of the dog head in vivo
Authors: Kalyanapuram Roopa , Seshan Viswanathan , Bansal Navin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMultiple‐quantum (MQ)‐filtered 23Na NMR has been proposed as a means to partially discriminate between intracellular and extracellular sodium. However, low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) has been a major obstacle to MQ‐filtered 23Na imaging becoming an important technique for biological and clinical applications. We compared the various MQ‐filtered 23Na imaging pulse sequences to select the optimum sequence that provides the best SNR. The results of phantom experiments show that the gradient‐echo MQ‐filtered 23Na imaging sequence produces the best SNR. We also report, for the first time, three‐dimensional single‐quantum (SQ) and triple‐quantum (TQ)‐filtered 23Na images of the live dog brain and demonstrate the sensitivity of these images to ischemia produced by euthanizing the animal. The SQ images showed a 10% to 15% decrease in signal intensity from the brain postmortem, whereas the TQ‐filtered images showed a 40% to 50% increase. These changes in signal intensities are consistent with the influx of Na+ into the cells upon death. The feasibility of obtaining TQ‐filtered 23Na images of in situ dog brain encourages us to apply this technique to humans.
In vivo 1H MRS of normal breast and breast tumors using a dedicated double breast coil
Authors: Gribbestad Ingrid S. , Singstad Trond E. , Nilsen Gunnar , Fjøsne Hans E. , Engan Terje , Haugen Olav A. , Rinck Peter A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImage‐guided localized proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) of normal breasts and breast tumors (ductal and undifferentiated carcinomas) was performed using a dedicated double breast coil. In vivo 1H MR spectra from 10 normal volunteers showed signals from water and lipids only, even in breasts with small contribution of fatty breast tissue. In the spectra from 6 of the 12 examined patients, an intense signal assigned to choline compounds was detected. The signal was also detected at lower levels in the remaining patients. This study shows that in vivo 1H MRI/MRS examinations of breast tumors can be performed within an examination time of 45 to 60 minutes. Signals from breast tumor metabolites may be detected using in vivo 1H MRS.
Hyperreactio luteinalis in a normal pregnancy: Sonographic and MRI findings
Authors: Ghossain Michel A. , Buy Jean‐Noël , Ruiz Alain , Jacob Denis , Sciot Catherine , Hugol Danièle , Vadrot Dominique 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case of hyperreactio luteinalis in an otherwise normal pregnancy is reported. Ascites was present, but no peritoneal implants or adenopathy were seen. Findings that would have suggested the correct diagnosis are the symmetrical and bilateral pattern of the mass, as well as the rather uniform size of the loculi, which were 1 to 3 cm in diameter.
T2‐weighted breath‐hold MRI of the liver at 1.0 T: Comparison of turbo spin‐echo and HASTE sequences with and without fat suppression
Authors: Kim Tae Kyoung , Lee Hyun Joo , Jang Hyun‐Jung , Kim Ah Young , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo compare the clinical usefulness of T2‐weighted breath‐hold sequences for imaging the liver, 33 patients with 97 focal hepatic lesions were studied with a 1.0‐T scanner by using T2‐weighted breath‐hold turbo spin‐echo (SE) sequences and T2‐weighted breath‐hold half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo SE (HASTE) sequences with and without fat suppression. Images were quantitatively analyzed for liver signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and lesion‐to‐liver contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNR). Qualitative analysis was performed for lesion conspicuity, motion artifacts, and anatomic sharpness of extrahepatic structures. Breath‐hold turbo SE imaging with fat suppression showed the highest CNR for cystic lesions and the best lesion conspicuity for cystic and solid lesions among the four sequences. For solid lesions, there was no significant difference of lesion‐to‐liver CNR between them. HASTE sequence was superior to turbo SE sequences in terms of motion artifacts; however, the usefulness for evaluating focal hepatic lesions was limited compared with turbo SE sequence with fat suppression. Addition of fat suppression was not helpful for HASTE imaging because of decreased lesion conspicuity and extrahepatic details without the advantage of reducing motion artifacts. This study suggests that turbo SE sequence with fat suppression is most useful for breath‐hold T2‐weighted liver imaging at 1.0 T. Addition of imaging without fat suppression can be considered for evaluating extrahepatic structures. HASTE sequence may have a role for imaging uncooperative patients due to absence of motion artifacts.
Multiple pulmonary aneurysms secondary to Hughes‐Stovin syndrome: Demonstration by MR angiography
Authors: Balci N. Cem , Semelka Richard C. , Noone Tara C. , Worawattanakul Suvipapun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of a 41‐year‐old patient with multiple pulmonary aneurysms secondary to Hughes‐Stovin syndrome. Conventional pulmonary angiography could not be performed, because thrombus in both the inferior and superior vena cavae prevented catheter passage. Contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional (3D) MR angiography (MRA) showed two segmental pulmonary aneurysms in the right lung. The affected segments of the lung were resected successfully, predicated on the MRA findings.
Cardiovascular catheters and accessories: Ex vivo testing of ferromagnetism, heating, and artifacts associated with MRI
Authors: Shellock Frank G. , Shellock Vincent J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR safety of cardiovascular catheters and accessories. Intravascular cardiovascular catheters and accessories were tested for MR safety at 1.5 T using previously described techniques with respect to the evaluation of magnetic field attraction (deflection angle method), heating (temperature measured immediately before and after performing MRI), and artifacts (using a fast spoiled gradient‐recalled acquisition in steady state [GRASS] pulse sequence). Two devices were attracted (RV pacing lead and Oximetrix 3 SO2 optical module) by the static magnetic field. Each of the other objects displayed no attraction. Heating was +0.2°C for the sample cardiovascular catheter tested (Opticath). Artifacts varied from moderate to severe, depending on the amount and type of metal present in the device. Despite these ex vivo test results, further safety consideration should be given to the cardiovascular devices that have a conductive wire component (ie, certain types of the cardiovascular catheters) because of the potential for inducing current and excessive heating in these devices during MRI, especially using a high‐field‐strength MR system. The cardiovascular catheters evaluated in this study or those with a similar design are not recommended for use in patients undergoing MRI procedures.
A Phantom for diffusion‐weighted imaging of acute stroke
Authors: Laubach Hans. J. , Jakob Peter M. , Loevblad Karl O. , Baird Alison E. , Bovo Maria Picone , Edelman Robert R. , Warach Steven 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA tissue phantom for diffusion‐weighted imaging was developed, basing its contrast between two compartments on different apparent diffusion coefficients, without contrast due to T2 relaxation and proton density. These contrast properties of the phantom simulate the situation found in normal gray matter and areas of acute ischemia. A possible application of the phantom was demonstrated for the investigation of the accuracy of volume measurements based on diffusion‐weighted images.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Nanofibers Made by Sea–Island‐Type Conjugated Melt Spinning and Laser‐Heated Flow Drawing
Authors: Nakata Kazuhiro , Fujii Kenji , Ohkoshi Yutaka , Gotoh Yasuo , Nagura Masanobu , Numata Miyuki , Kamiyama Mie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNylon‐6/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) ultra‐multi‐island sea–island conjugated melt‐spun fibers are flow‐drawn at a draw ratio of 174 with heating by CO2 laser irradiation. Continuous PET nanofibers that have a diameter of 39 nm could be obtained from the flow‐drawn fiber with further drawing and removal of the sea component. In addition, the drawn fiber has a strength of 0.54 GPa. This result shows that a PET nanofiber having a strength almost equal to that of a conventional PET fiber can be obtained by the combination of conjugate‐melt‐spinning and laser‐heated flow‐drawing.magnified image
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Polycaprolactone‐block‐Polystyrene via Macromolecular Chain Transfer Reagents
Authors: Kerep Patrick , Ritter Helmut 
Published: March 2007

Abstractε‐Caprolactone (CL) was enzymatically polymerized with 2‐mercaptoethanol as the initiator, both in an oil bath and under microwave (MW) irradiation. The polymerization performed under MW irradiation maintaining equal conditions led to higher yields and less formation of side products, i.e., a higher chemoselectivity was observed. The resulting polyester with a terminal SH moiety had a of 3 600 g · mol−1, determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and was used as a chain transfer reagent. Subsequent copolymerization with styrene in different ratios led to polycaprolactone‐block‐polystyrene. SEC analysis and polarization microscopy of crystallized samples with different styrene contents proved the formation of block copolymers.magnified image
Ionic Liquid Modification of Layered Silicates for Enhanced Thermal Stability
Authors: Byrne Cormac , McNally Tony 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA natural and synthetic layered silicate (LS) was modified with trihexyltetradecyl‐phosphonium tetrafluoroborate (an ionic liquid) via a cationic exchange reacation. The exchange reaction and loading of modifier was investigated using a combination of WAXD, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emmission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability of the modified LS was enhanced by up to 150 °C, when compared with conventional quaternary ammonium cations, making melt mixing of such modified nanoclays possible with poly(ethylene‐terephthalate) (PET).magnified image
Non‐Catalyst Synthesis of Functionalized Biodegradable Polycarbonate
Authors: Feng Jun , Wang Xu‐Li , He Feng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe thermal ring‐opening polymerization of 5‐benzyloxy‐trimethylene carbonate (BTMC) in bulk in the absence of any catalyst resulted in high molecular weight poly(BTMC) ( = 80 300) and subsequent catalytic hydrogenolysis resulted in functional poly(5‐hydroxyl‐trimethylene carbonate) (PHTMC). Similar spontaneous polymerization of BTMC in the presence of PEG ( = 2 000) as a macroinitiator can provide amphiphilic block polymers. The results revealed that the thermal non‐catalyst (co)polymerization of BTMC is a highly attractive preparative method because of the lack of usage of toxic initiators or catalysts. Furthermore, an evaluation of the degradation and cytotoxicity of PHTMC demonstrated enhanced degradability compared to poly(trimethylene carbonate) and similar toxicity compared to PLGA, showing PHTMC to be a promising biomaterial.magnified image
A Facile Two‐Step Route to Branched Polyisoprenes via ABn‐Macromonomers
Authors: López‐Villanueva Francisco‐Javier , Wurm Frederik , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. , Frey Holger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA facile two‐step synthesis for branched poly(isoprene)s (PI) based on polyaddition of ABn‐type macromonomers is described. The synthesis of the macromonomers was achieved by anionic polymerization of isoprene and subsequent end‐capping of the polymers by addition of chlorodimethylsilane to the living carbanions. This led to PI‐based macromonomers with narrow polydispersity (/ < 1.15) and molecular weights in the range of 1 700 – 22 100 g · mol−1. Synthesis of the branched polymers was carried out by a hydrosilylation‐based polymerization of the macromonomers. Characterization via SEC, SEC‐MALLS, coupled SEC‐viscosimetry and 1H‐NMR‐spectroscopy supported the formation of branched structures. Interestingly, these branched polymers exhibited α‐values that were similar to those reported for hyperbranched polymers based on AB2‐monomers.magnified image
A Mechanochemical Approach to Nanocomposites Using Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(L‐lysine)
Authors: Kim Jong‐Beom , Premkumar Thathan , Giani Olivia , Robin Jean‐Jaques , Schue Francois , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple method to fabricate polymer nanocomposites with single‐walled carbon nanotubes is reported, in which the nanotubes were reacted with poly(L‐lysine) by using high‐speed vibration milling. The nanocomposites obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric methods. The morphology as well as the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.magnified image
An Efficient Blue‐Emitting Conjugated Copolymer Based on Fluorene and Carbazole with a Peripheral Dendritic Carbazole Pendant at the 9‐Position
Authors: Peng Qiang , Li Mingjun , Lu Shiqiang , Tang Xinghua 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new fluorene‐co‐carbazole‐based copolymer (PFCD), with a bulky peripheral dendritic carbazole pendant at the 9‐position, has been designed and synthesized through a Suzuki polycondensation reaction. The resulting copolymer exhibits desirable properties, such as excellent solubility, good thermal stability, and electrochemical properties. PFCD also shows efficient blue light‐emitting properties with excellent color purity and high photoluminescent quantum yield. The results of the photophysical properties indicate that the large side dendron with peripheral carbazole groups can not only efficiently suppress the π‐stacking of polymer chains but also raise the HOMO level of the resulting polymer material. Thus, PFCD is expected to be a promising pure blue light‐emitting material and further experiments on electroluminescent properties, film morphology, and aggregation behaviors are in progress.magnified image
Single Base Pair Mismatch Detection Using Cationic Conjugated Polymers through Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Tian Ning , Tang Yanli , Xu Qing‐Hua , Wang Shu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple method using water‐soluble conjugated polymers and a DNA intercalator has been proposed for single base pair mismatch detection with enhanced detection efficiency. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used as an indicator for unwinding of dsDNA due to base pair mismatch at elevated temperatures. The optical amplification effect of the CPs helps to achieve enhanced detection efficiency.magnified image
Yttrium Complexes as Catalysts for Living and Immortal Polymerization of Lactide to Highly Heterotactic PLA
Authors: Amgoune Abderramane , Thomas Christophe M. , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmino‐alkoxy‐bis(phenolate) yttrium complexes act in the presence of an excess of alcohol (up to 50 equiv. vs. Y) as highly active and stereoselective catalysts for rac‐lactide and rac‐β‐butyrolactone polymerizations. These versatile systems enable the production of large quantities of polymer with small amounts of catalyst, optimizing productivity, and also allow the preparation of polymers with functional end groups, which may be employed as intermediates for macromolecular engineering applications.magnified image
Poly(4‐vinylbenzoyl azide): A New Isocyanato Group Generating Polymer
Authors: Klinger Daniel , Chang Ji Young , Theato Patrick 
Published: March 2007

Abstract4‐Vinylbenzoyl azide was synthesized from p‐vinylbenzoic acid and polymerized by free radical polymerization. The obtained polymer contained acyl azide groups which were thermally transformed to the corresponding isocyanato groups. Reactions on these polymers with ethanol, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 1‐pyrenebutanol proceeded quantitatively. Time‐resolved FT‐IR studies of the reactions with ethanol were carried out by varying the concentration and temperature. The effect of the solvent polarity on the Curtius rearrangement was investigated.magnified image
Thioketone‐Mediated Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate: Controlling Free‐Radical Polymerization via a Dormant Radical Species
Authors: Junkers Tanja , Stenzel Martina H. , Davis Thomas P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt is demonstrated by experiment and simulation that the commercially available thioketone 4,4‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone is capable of controlling AIBN‐initiated bulk butyl acrylate polymerization at 80 °C. On the basis of molecular weight data and from monomer conversion versus time curves, the associated rate parameters are estimated. The addition rate coefficient, kad, for the reaction of a propagating chain with the thioketone is close to 106 L · mol−1 · s−1 and the fragmentation rate coefficient, kfrag, is around 10−2 s−1 giving rise to large equilibrium constants in the order of 108 L · mol−1. Furthermore, cross‐ and self‐termination of the dormant radical species are identified to be operational.magnified image
Nonphysicians' and physicians' knowledge and care preferences for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Swarztrauber Kari , Graf Eric 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe compared nonphysician and physician health care providers' knowledge of the pharmacological management of Parkinson's disease (PD) and their preferences for referring PD patients to specialists. A survey instrument was mailed in 2003 to all geriatric, neurology, mental health, and primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in the Pacific Northwest Veterans Health Administration (n = 503). The instrument contained questions about recommended practices for the pharmacotherapy of PD and two clinical scenarios followed by questions regarding referral preferences. The overall response rate was 74%. Nonphysicians answered 46% and physicians answered 50% of questions about PD pharmacotherapy in agreement with recommended clinical practice (P = 0.14). Nonphysician and physician providers did not differ in their preference to refer a PD patient to a specialist for management, but nonphysician providers were more likely to refer a patient to a specialist for diagnostic confirmation odds ratio: 3.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 5.51). Given trends for more nonphysician provider autonomy in patient care, it is reassuring that nonphysician providers have similar knowledge of PD pharmacotherapy as physicians. Policies to substitute nonphysician providers for physician providers may increase referrals to specialty providers for diagnostic confirmation. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of dyskinesia patients
Authors: Kuznetsov Yevgeniy , Khiat Abdesslem , Blanchet Pierre J. , Boulanger Yvan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOral dyskinesias may occur spontaneously or be induced by medications such as antipsychotics and antidepressants. In this study, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to compare metabolite levels in the striatum for (1) 12 patients with drug‐induced tardive dyskinesia (TD), (2) 12 patients with spontaneous oral dyskinesia (SOD), (3) 8 antidepressant‐treated patients without TD, and (4) 8 control subjects. Statistically significant reductions in the choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio were measured for the drug‐treated patients with TD (−13%, P = 0.020) and SOD patients (−12%, P = 0.034) relative to control subjects. In comparison with antidepressant‐treated patients without TD, drug‐treated patients with TD showed a non statistically significant reduction in Cho/Cr (−11%, P = 0.079). All other metabolite ratios (N‐acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr, myo‐inositol (mI)/Cr, glutamine + glutamate (Glx)/Cr, macromolecule + lipid (MM+Lip)/Cr, NAA/Cho) were unaffected by either type of dyskinesia. The observed Cho/Cr reduction in dyskinesia patients suggests decreased membrane phosphatidylcholine turnover, which provides free choline as precursor of molecules responsible for cellular signal transduction. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a patient with multiple system atrophy: A possible association with oral midodrine treatment
Authors: Kim Joong‐Seok , Lee Kwang‐Soo , Lim Sung‐Chul , Ahn Jae‐Young , Song In‐Uk , Kim Yeong‐In , Kim Bum‐Soo , Kim Hee‐Tae 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a 51‐year‐old man with a 3‐year history of multiple system atrophy, who developed a reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) after receiving prescription midodrine for therapeutic treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Typical reversible magnetic resonance imaging findings, following treatment with midodrine, suggested a possible relationship between midodrine treatment, supine hypertension, and RPLS, although a cause‐and‐effect relationship cannot be confirmed. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Glia cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: New clues to understanding an old disease?
Authors: Neusch Clemens , Bähr Mathias , Schneider‐Gold Christiane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn classic neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the pathogenic concept of a cell‐autonomous disease of motor neurons has been challenged increasingly in recent years. Macro‐ and microglial cells have come to the forefront for their role in multistep degenerative processes in ALS and respective disease models. The activation of astroglial and microglial cells occurs early in the pathogenesis of the disease and seems to greatly influence disease onset and promotion. The role of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells remains elusive. In this review we highlight the impact of nonneuronal cells in ALS pathology. We discuss diverse glial membrane proteins that are necessary to control neuronal activity and neuronal cell survival, and summarize the contribution of these proteins to motor neuron death in ALS. We also describe recently discovered glial mechanisms that promote motor neuron degeneration using state‐of‐the‐art genetic mouse technology. Finally, we provide an outlook on the extent to which these new pathomechanistic insights may offer novel therapeutic approaches. Muscle Nerve, 2007