bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributions of Energy, Luminosity, Duration, and Waiting Times of Gamma-Ray Burst Pulses with Known Redshift Detected by Fermi/GBM
Authors: Maccary R. , Guidorzi C. , Amati L. , Bazzanini L. , Bulla M. , Camisasca A. E. , Ferro L. , Frontera F. , Tsvetkova A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Discovered more than 50 years ago, gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission remains the most puzzling aspect of GRB physics. Its complex and irregular nature should reveal how newborn GRB engines release their energy. In this respect, the possibility that GRB engines could operate as self-organized critical (SOC) systems has been put forward. Here, we present the energy, luminosity, waiting time, and duration distributions of individual pulses of GRBs with known redshift detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. This is the first study of this kind in which selection effects are accounted for. The compatibility of our results with the framework of SOC theory is discussed. We found evidence for an intrinsic break in the power-law models that describe the energy and the luminosity distributions.
Resonant Absorption of Magnetohydrodynamic Body Modes under Photospheric Conditions
Authors: Yu D. J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Observations reveal that surface and body modes exist in solar pores under photospheric conditions. While the effects of resonant absorption on photospheric surface modes are well established, its effect on body modes is not known yet. In this paper, we investigate resonant absorption for the body modes under photospheric conditions. We numerically solve the dispersion relation induced by thin boundary approximation and obtain the wave dispersion curves and damping rates of three arbitrarily chosen body modes for sausage and kink waves, respectively. The results show that resonant absorption for the body modes is weaker than for the slow surface modes in both cusp and Alfvén continua. The damping behavior of body modes is similar to slow surface modes while the higher body mode has stronger resonant absorption.
Discovery of Merging Twin Quasars at z = 6.05
Authors: Matsuoka Yoshiki , Izumi Takuma , Onoue Masafusa , Strauss Michael A. , Iwasawa Kazushi , Kashikawa Nobunari , Akiyama Masayuki , Aoki Kentaro , Arita Junya , Imanishi Masatoshi , Ishimoto Rikako , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Kohno Kotaro , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Nagao Tohru , Silverman John D. , Toba Yoshiki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report the discovery of two quasars at a redshift of z = 6.05 in the process of merging. They were serendipitously discovered from the deep multiband imaging data collected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program survey. The quasars, HSC J121503.42−014858.7 (C1) and HSC J121503.55−014859.3 (C2), both have luminous (>1043 erg s−1) Lyα emission with a clear broad component (full width at half maximum >1000 km s−1). The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) absolute magnitudes are M
1450 = − 23.106 ± 0.017 (C1) and −22.662 ± 0.024 (C2). Our crude estimates of the black hole masses provide

log
(

M

BH

/

M

⊙

)
=
8.1
±
0.3

in both sources. The two quasars are separated by 12 kpc in projected proper distance, bridged by a structure in the rest-UV light suggesting that they are undergoing a merger. This pair is one of the most distant merging quasars reported to date, providing crucial insight into galaxy and black hole build-up in the hierarchical structure formation scenario. A companion paper will present the gas and dust properties captured by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, which provide additional evidence for and detailed measurements of the merger, and also demonstrate that the two sources are not gravitationally lensed images of a single quasar.
Biodiversity dataset and atlas of the special area of conservation Montesinho/Nogueira, Portugal
Authors: Garcia Nuno , Campos João , Silva Daniel , Alírio João , Duarte Lia , Arenas-Castro Salvador , Pôças Isabel , Loureiro Armando , Teodoro Ana , Sillero Neftalí 
Published: April 2024

The special area of conservation Montesinho/Nogueira (SAC-MN) is a key area for biodiversity conservation in the Iberian Peninsula. Covering an area of approximately 1081 km² in the northeast of Portugal mainland, the SAC-MN is home to a wide range of species, including several endemic and endangered species and priority habitats. Despite its ecological significance and importance for conservation, there is a lack of publicly available biodiversity data, which urges the need to create a comprehensive and up-to-date biodiversity dataset for the SAC-MN.
To bridge the knowledge gap on biodiversity in SAC-MN, we undertook a thorough data collection process, including species occurrence records and conservation status information at regional (Portugal) and European levels, from multiple sources. We collected and compiled this information for five major taxonomic groups (amphibians, birds, flora - vascular plants, mammals and reptiles) in SAC-MN, resulting in a total of 31,871 records with 1,312 documented species. In addition, we developed an easy-to-navigate web-based geographic information system (Web GIS). In this article, we present an in-depth report on the process of compiling and preparing data, as well as the development and design of our Web GIS to increase awareness and enhance understanding of the importance of preserving biodiversity in SAC-MN.
La performance d’une entreprise sans hiérarchie
Authors: Assens Christophe , Bouchez Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Pour rendre les collaborateurs plus autonomes dans leurs tâches afin d’améliorer la performance de l’entreprise, un courant de recherche sur « l’entreprise libérée » prône l’inversion de la pyramide hiérarchique. Cet article vise à discuter de la portée de ce courant de recherche à la lumière d’une étude de cas exploratoire portant sur la démocratie concertative au sein du groupe Hervé. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les principaux fondements théoriques associés au concept « d’entreprise libérée » : la question du sens, le rôle du dirigeant libérateur, les principes d’égalité entre les collaborateurs, l’autodétermination dans la prise de décision, les valeurs de transparence et de responsabilité dans le style de management. De cette manière, nous révélons les conditions pour concilier la performance économique avec le bien-être au travail.
L’environnementalisation du droit du travail au milieu du gué
Authors: Sachs Tatiana 
Published: April 2024

Bien que dédié à l’encadrement des rapports de travail salarié, le droit du travail fait place aux considérations environnementales. Le droit positif, comme les travaux de la doctrine, s’emparent des questions environnementales. Si ce mouvement d’environnementalisation du droit du travail va croissant, il n’est pas sans rencontrer de limites, qui tiennent, notamment, à la prégnance d’un « paradigme croissantiel » et au poids des séparations (séparation homme/nature ; entreprise/environnement). Les manières dont le droit du travail intègre les préoccupations environnementales s’en trouvent marquées. Qu’elle soit directe ou indirecte, l’incorporation des préoccupations environnementales se heurte alors à un plafond de verre.
Que font les humanités numériques aux sciences dites humaines ?
Authors: Huneman Philippe 
Published: April 2024

Les humanités sont affectées massivement par les nouveaux outils numériques, recueil de données comme traitement algorithmique de ces données. Au-delà des facilités de stockage de textes et de navigation dans des corpus, dans quelle mesure le tournant digital transforme-t-il les humanités ? Dans cet article, je m’appuierai sur le constat précédemment dressé dans Les sociétés du profilage (Huneman, 2023) du glissement d’une épistémologie plutôt causale vers une épistémologie purement statisticaliste et prédictive lorsque les données massives opèrent, pour interroger la nature et la nouveauté des humanités dites digitales. À partir d’une description du « data mining » en histoire des sciences, je généraliserai la description des humanités numériques comme modélisation décentrante en troisième personne. Dans un dernier temps, j’analyserai leur place dans le système des humanités, en insistant sur l’exigence d’une positon critique spécifique impliquant la dimension herméneutique des humanités, pour que le tournant numérique exprime sa puissance de nouveauté plutôt qu’un redoublement stérile ou un remplacement fort biaisé des savoirs existants.
Should Medicine be Taught in Leading Medical Languages or the Mother Tongue?
Authors: Hamad Abdullah Ashraf , Amer Basma Ehab 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In non-English speaking developing countries, several debates have arisen over choosing the language of instruction in medical education, whether it should be one of the leading medical languages, such as English, or the mother tongue. In this article, we discuss this debate and provide a brief review of the pedagogical evidence supporting the superiority of the mother tongue as a language of instruction. We also highlight the academic challenges associated with second-language-based medical education and emphasize the impact of language of instruction on the doctor–patient relationship and health care. Finally, we examine the reasons or arguments for not including the mother tongue in medical education. In conclusion, the importance of English as a leading scientific and medical language should not overshadow the crucial role of the native language as the language of instruction in non-English speaking countries. Each country should develop strategies to include the mother tongue in medical education, following the example of developed countries.
Rhythm Generating Mechanisms in Rat Sinoatrial Node
Authors: Charles Jesi , Nedumaran Latha , Raman Swetha , Vinod Elizabeth , Rajasegaran Rajalakshmi , Vadivel Kamalakannan , Bhaskar Anand , Subramani Sathya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The major membrane currents responsible for sinoatrial (SA) rhythm generation are generally studied in isolated cardiac cells using electrophysiological tools. Such studies are resource and labor-intensive.

Materials and Methods:
Here, we have studied four major currents in isolated rat heart preparations, perfused in Langendorff mode, and demonstrate that this is a good preparation for such studies. Heart rates of isolated perfused rat hearts were recorded using surface electrocardiogram before and after perfusion with drugs and solutions that affect the four major currents responsible for SA rhythm generation.

Results:
The rates of whole isolated hearts beating with SA rhythm decreased with cesium and decreased by about half with ivabradine, both blockers of the funny current (If). Importantly, the rhythm was not abolished even with a high dose of ivabradine at which total blockade of If is expected. The rate was not affected by nickel, a blocker of T-type calcium current. The SA rhythm was abolished by the reduction or removal of sodium from the perfusate (interventions that inhibit the calcium-extrusive mode of the sodium-calcium exchanger) or by nifedipine, the L-type calcium channel blocker.

Discussion:
The inferences made based on these observations are (a) If contributes significantly to pacemaking, (b) ICaT does not play a role and (c) INCX and ICaL are obligatory rhythm-generating currents in the SA node. Cyclical calcium release from SR during diastole (the calcium clock), responsible for driving INCX in its forward mode is probably a phenomenon independent of membrane events, as total If blockade did not abolish rhythm generation. These results corroborate with published literature where most studies were done on single cells.
Comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of thermomechanically treated NiTi rotary instruments in simulated curved canals with two different radii of curvature: An in vitro Study
Authors: Hamid Tahira , Malik Azhar , Kumar Ajay , Anjum Shamim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to compare the effect of heat treatment on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three different nickel–titanium rotary file systems: TruNatomy, HyFlex CM, and NeoEndo flex in simulated curved canals at two different radii of curvatures.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 NiTi rotary files of three types were used, and the samples were divided into three groups TruNatomy, HyFlex CM, and NeoEndo flex. All the instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing using a stainless steel custom-made canal model with a 60° angle of curvature and two radii of curvature 5 mm and 3 mm; the number of cycles to fracture and length of the fractured segment was measured. The separated instruments were subjected to fractographic analysis under scanning electron microscope.

Results:
The number of cycles to failure to fracture a file at a 3 mm radius of curvature is significantly less as compared to a 5 mm radius of curvature (HCM > TRN > NE).

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of the present study, there was a positive correlation between the radius of curvature and fatigue life of NiTi files.
Assessment of different irrigation techniques on the penetration depth of different sealers into dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscope: An in vitro comparative study
Authors: Kachari Megha , Adarsha M. S. , Meena N. , Kumari Anitha , Sudhanva ME , Vijayalakshmi L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The effective disinfection of the entire root canal system aids in the penetration of irrigants into the dentinal tubules further improving sealer penetration and achieving a three-dimensional seal in endodontically treated teeth. Various final irrigation techniques can be employed to achieve this goal. Therefore, this study intended to assess and compare the efficacy of three final irrigation techniques on the depth of penetration of two root canal sealers into dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Methods:
Forty-eight single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and decoronated to a length of 12 mm. All the samples were prepared using ProTaper Gold rotary files and divided into three groups: Group 1 – Conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), Group 2 – passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Group 3 – Pro-agitator tip system (PATS). Each group was divided into two subgroups: Subgroup A – AH Plus and Subgroup B – GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB). Then, sealers were mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B dye and the samples were obturated. All the samples were sectioned at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex and visualized under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) (10×) for maximum mean penetration depth and percentage of sealer penetration. Statistical analysis was done using the independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance test, followed by Tukey’s Post hoc analysis.

Results:
PUI performed better in the apical third, whereas PUI and PATS showed comparable results in the middle third for both depth and percentage of sealer penetration. Among the two sealers, GFB performed better than AH Plus in both the apical and middle third. These values were statistically significant. (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Final irrigation activation with PUI or PATS can significantly improve sealer penetration. The average depth of penetration of GFB both at the middle and apical third of the root was significantly superior to AH Plus.
Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of curcumin-coated gutta-percha versus nanocurcumin-coated gutta-percha against Escherichia coli: An in vitro study
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Bhushan Jagat , Mehta Manjula , Sidhu Kitty , Jhamb Swaty , Panwar Deepika , Kakkar Vandita , Kumari Parina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Due to its biological and antibacterial qualities, many plants, including curcumin, are used as phytomedicines in dentistry. They are primarily used as intracanal medication in endodontics to prevent probable chemical side effects and also to address antimicrobial resistance. Curcumin nanoformulations have improved antibacterial activity and improved dispersion, making them the superior form of curcumin. The purpose of this study was to assess curcumin and nanocurcumin’s antibacterial properties. As a gutta-percha coating, they are to be tested against Escherichia coli.

Materials and Methods:
The study employs the standard strain of E. coli, ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activity of gutta-percha cones against E. coli is assessed after coating them with suspensions of curcumin and nanocurcumin. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized to evaluate the coatings’ continuity.

Results:
The gutta-percha cones that are untreated, coated with curcumin, and coated with nanocurcumin exhibit significantly different levels of antibacterial activity. There is statistically significant variation in their antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:
(1) Compared to curcumin-coated and untreated gutta-percha cones, those coated with nanocurcumin exhibit a stronger antibacterial activity. (2) Compared to uncoated gutta-percha cones, gutta-percha cones coated with curcumin exhibit more antibacterial action.
Prevalence of dental caries among coronavirus disease 2019-recovered patients and correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity in Kalaburagi region of Indian subpopulation
Authors: Halkai Kiran R. , Halkai Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has vastly affected mankind worldwide, and its long-term effect on oral health needs to be studied.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Kalaburagi region of the Indian subpopulation.

Methods:
About 80 subjects (16–55 years) were included in the study based on selection criteria and were divided into two groups (n = 40). Group 1: no history of COVID-19 infection and Group 2: COVID-19-recovered subjects. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 20) A and B with and without dental caries. Dental caries was assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization. About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva samples was collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. Salivary TAC was estimated using 2,2′-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic] acid assay and observed under spectrophotometer (734 nm).

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality distribution followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05).

Results:
COVID-19-recovered subjects showed a higher prevalence of dental caries and lower TAC levels than non-COVID-19 subjects.

Conclusion:
Higher prevalence of dental caries with lower levels of salivary TAC was found in COVID-19-recovered individuals.
Internal root resorption in permanent mandibular molars – A rare entity: Report of two cases
Authors: Rathi Shravan , Nikhil Vineeta , Sharma Ayushi , Chandani Roshni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The cases presented here aim to highlight the occurrence of a very rare internal root resorption (IRR) of inflammatory type among mandibular molars (prevalence 0.01%–1%). Patients reported in the outpatient department with a chief complaint of pain in the lower posterior region of the jaws, on thorough clinical and radiological examinations a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis was made and nonsurgical root canal treatment was planned using thermoplastic obturation technique along with the use of magnification, cone-beam computed tomography, endosonics, and intracanal medicament to attain a successful outcome. Six-month follow-up showed arrest of IRR. This report of two cases with a literature review discusses the etiology, prevalence of IRR, the clinical decision, and the therapeutic management. Early detection of such resorption is the key to successful management and preserves the integrity of the tooth.
The efficacy of ultrasound-guided upper thoracic erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in proximal shoulder surgery and its effect on phrenic nerve function: A prospective exploratory study
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Talawar Praveen , Dhar Mridul , Azam Qumar , Tripathy Debendra K. , Singla Deepak , Jain Gaurav , Priyanka Sangadala , Jamgade Deepali D. , Rekha  
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
The upper thoracic (T2) erector spinae plane block (UT-ESPB) has been proposed as an alternative to interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative analgesia in shoulder surgery. The current study was conducted to evaluate the same.

Material and Methods:
Patients scheduled for shoulder surgery under general anesthesia (GA) received ultrasound-guided UT-ESPB. The outcomes measured were diaphragmatic movements, block characteristics, and quality of recovery at 24 h.

Results:
A total of 43 patients were recruited. The incidence of phrenic nerve palsy was 0%. The sensory level achieved by the maximum number of patients at the end of 30 min was C7-T5 level, and none had a motor block. Forty-two percent of patients did not require rescue analgesia till 24 h postoperative. In the rest of the patients, the mean (SD) duration of analgesia was 724.2 ± 486.80 min, and the mean postoperative requirement of fentanyl was 98.80 ± 47.02 μg. The median pain score (NRS) during rest and movement is 2 to 3 and 3 to 4, respectively. The median quality of recovery score at the end of 24 h after the block was 14 (15–14).

Conclusion:
The upper thoracic ESPB resulted in a sensory loss from C7-T5 dermatomes without any weakness of the diaphragm and upper limb. However, the block was moderately effective in terms of the total duration of analgesia, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirement, and quality of recovery in patients undergoing proximal shoulder surgeries under GA. Further studies are required to establish its role due to its poor correlation with sensory spread.
Role of tramadol as an adjuvant in ultrasound-guided serratus anterior muscle block for modified radical mastectomy - A randomized control trial
Authors: Singla Vaishali , Palta Sanjeev , Saroa Richa , Kaushik Robin , Singh Avneet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is associated with significant acute post-operative pain that may progress to chronic pain syndromes in 25–60% of patients. Serratus anterior muscle (SAM) block has proved to be an excellent analgesic option in patients undergoing MRM. Although many adjuvants have been utilized for the prolongation of analgesia, the role of tramadol in SAM has not been studied as yet. We hypothesize that the addition of tramadol to ropivacaine for SAM block may reduce morphine consumption in the post-operative period in patients undergoing elective MRM surgeries. The primary aim of the study was to compare cumulative post-operative morphine consumption over 24 h in patients receiving SAM block with or without tramadol. The secondary aims were to observe adverse events related to the procedure or medications. The other parameters recorded were non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse rate, respiratory rate, and nausea or vomiting.

Material and Methods:
Patients scheduled to undergo MRM were randomly allocated by block randomization into two groups. The study group (Group T) received a SAM block with 0.25% ropivacaine (18 ml) with tramadol 100 mg while the control group (Group P) received a SAM block with 18 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and 2 ml of saline. Patients were assessed for pain scores, analgesic requirement, time to first analgesic request, hemodynamic variables, and any side-effects at 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h post-operatively.

Results:
Cumulative morphine consumption over 24 h in the post-operative period was less in the group T (3.06 ± 1.53 mg vs 4.34 ± 1.53 mg; P 0.001). Time to the first analgesic requirement was more in group T (10.44 ± 5.04 h vs 6.11 ± 2.73 h; P < 0.001). Pain scores were significantly lower in the group T at all time points.

Conclusion:
Tramadol, when used as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for SAM block reduces post-operative pain scores in the first 24 h and prolongs the time of first morphine requirement.