bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture‐based modeling for space–time data
Authors: Porcu E. , Mateu J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn overview of spatio‐temporal covariance functions built through mixtures is presented in this paper. We highlight the potentiality of mixture modeling for the construction of nonseparable space–time covariances. In particular, we make use of mixed forms (MF), copulas, and completely monotone functions as the basic setup representing powerful instruments to build mixture‐based covariance functions. We re‐analyze, by using a particular model of mixtures, the Indian Ocean wind speed data and compare the results with others previously published in the literature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency analysis of rectangular plates continuous in one or two directions
Authors: Wu C. I. , Cheung Y. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe finite strip method is extended to the free vibration of rectangular plates continuous in one or two directions. A subroutine has been written for the computation of beam functions for continuous beams over any number of intermediate rigid supports and with simply supported or clamped end conditions. The standard finite strip method can thus be applied to plates continuous in both directions using the computed beam functions.The frequencies of 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 continuous panels with many different end conditions have been computed. The computations are also checked against published solutions and the accuracy is shown to be excellent.
Mathematical models for the dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams
Authors: Rea Dixon , Liaw C‐Y. , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe results from field tests on Pine Flat Dam near Fresno, California, are described. The results are then used in the formulation of a three‐dimensional mathematical model of the dam and a two‐dimensional mathematical model of one of the taller monoliths. The significance of these mathematical models in relationship to the behaviour of concrete gravity dams during earthquakes is also discussed.
Automatic masters for eigenvalue economization
Authors: Henshell R. D. , Ong J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn dynamic analyses using the finite element method very large matrices are derived. The size of the matrices is usually reduced using an eigenvalue economization method. This paper describes an automatic technique for selecting the optimum variables to be kept as masters using the economization method. Some examples are presented and these lead to an empirical statement about expected accuracy.
Seismic response of long multiple‐span highway bridges
Authors: Tseng W. S. , Penzien J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNon‐linear seismic responses are described for three prototype, long, multiple‐span, reinforced concrete, modern highway bridge structures, namely the 5/14 South Connector Overcrossing and the curved Figueroa Street Under‐crossing as designed by the California Department of Transportation, and a straight version of the Figueroa Street Undercrossing. The analytical seismic responses are discussed and are correlated with the apparent prototype behaviour experienced during the San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971. In particular, the causes of collapse of the 5/14 South Connector Overcrossing are identified and examined. Finally, based on parameter studies of the seismic responses of these structures, general conclusions and recommendations related to seismic design methodology are presented.
Comparative seismic analyses of a framed tube with localized and general non‐linearity
Authors: Huckelbridge Arthur A. , Ferencz Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper the seismic response of a 30 storey framed tube is examined. A description is given of an analysis procedure utilizing a linear substructure to represent the building superstructure, achieving considerable economy in computational effort. Localized non‐linearity in the form of transient foundation uplift is included as a response feature. Comparisons of substructured to non‐substructured analyses for the same ground motion are made. Lastly, the effects of more generalized superstructure non‐linearity are examined by comparing the results of such an analysis to those described above.
Seismicity and earthquake hazard in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
Authors: Shepherd J. B. , Aspinall W. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe two‐island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in the eastern Caribbean has enjoyed increased physical and industrial development in recent years; however, these islands have been subjected to damaging earthquakes during their history and an up‐to‐date risk assessment is needed. We examine two approaches to quantifying this problem: (a) the risk estimated probabilistically using recent instrumental data and (b) the hazard inferred from regional tectonic movements. The probabilistic approach indicates that peak ground accelerations with a probability of exceedance of 10 per cent in 50 years could range from 0–23g in Tobago to 0–36g in North‐West Trinidad. Tectonic considerations suggest that a maximum‐moment earthquake occurring directly under either land mass could generate accelerations as high as 0–6g; the probability of occurrence of such an event is estimated to be about 2 per cent in 50 years for Trinidad and about a tenth this risk for Tobago. This level of hazard would be significant for critical facilities such as LNG plants.
Reliability upgrading of lifeline networks for post‐earthquake serviceability
Authors: Moghtaderi‐Zadeh Masoud , Kiureghian Armen Der 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEfficient procedures for reliability upgrading of existing lifeline networks for post‐earthquake serviceability are presented. A simple method is developed to determine critical components of the network whose strengthening improves the network reliability for specified serviceability criteria. Measures of effectiveness of strengthening each component are also introduced. Based on critical components and measures of effectiveness, step‐by‐step upgrading procedures are proposed. Both connectivity and minimum‐flow serviceability criteria may be specified. Two upgrading objectives considered are achieving a specified target reliability and reducing the total costs of upgrading plus expected losses due to failure of the lifeline. A hypothetical application to a water‐distribution system in the San Francisco Bay Area illustrates the proposed method.
Modelling hysteretic behaviour of coupled walls for dynamic analysis
Authors: Saatcioglu Murat , Derecho Arnaldo T. , Corley W. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractModelling techniques for dynamic inelastic response analysis of coupled wall structures are investigated. Emphasis is placed on effects of parameters defining the force‐displacement hysteresis loop. Specifically, effects of axial force‐moment interaction, strength reduction, shear yielding, pinching, reloading and unloading branches of hysteresis loops are considered. Effects of modelling parameters on selected response quantities are investigated and discussed in detail.A 20‐storey coupled wall structure was selected for dynamic analysis. Ranges of parameters characterizing force‐displacement hysteresis loops were obtained from laboratory tests under slowly reversed static loading. Previously recorded strong motion accelerograms were used as input motions.Results indicate that wall axial forces and beam strength reduction can have significant effects on response envelopes. Moderate variations in unloading and reloading branches of hysteresis loops and pinching appear to have little effect on dynamic response.
Efficient high‐resolution relaxation schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Kadalbajoo M. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this work, we present a total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme in the zero relaxation limit for nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law using flux limiters within the framework of a relaxation system that converts a nonlinear conservation law into a system of linear convection equations with nonlinear source terms. We construct a numerical flux for space discretization of the obtained relaxation system and modify the definition of the smoothness parameter depending on the direction of the flow so that the scheme obeys the physical property of hyperbolicity. The advantages of the proposed scheme are that it can give second‐order accuracy everywhere without introducing oscillations for 1‐D problems (at least with) smooth initial condition. Also, the proposed scheme is more efficient as it works for any non‐zero constant value of the flux limiter ϕ ϵ [0, 1], where other TVD schemes fail. The resulting scheme is shown to be TVD in the zero relaxation limit for 1‐D scalar equations. Bound for the limiter function is obtained. Numerical results support the theoretical results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of antigenic targets of paraproteins by expression cloning does not support a causal role of chronic antigenic stimulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and MGUS
Authors: Preuss Klaus‐Dieter , Held Gerhard , Kubuschok Boris , Hung Chun‐Zhu , Malatsidze Natalia , Wagner Mathias , Pfreundschuh Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntigenic targets of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) paraproteins have been suggested to play an important role as growth stimulators in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. To identify such targets, we screened cDNA libraries from human testis, lung and breast cancer, bovine and porcine muscle and wheat germ for reactivity with paraproteins in the sera from 115 patients with MGUS and MM. Of >6 × 108 paraprotein–antigen interactions screened, an IgA paraprotein from a female patient bound to sperm‐specific cylicin‐2, and 3 IgG paraproteins bound to tripeptidyl‐peptidase‐II (TPP‐2), insulin‐like growth‐factor binding‐protein‐2 (IGFBP‐2) and porcine kinesin. Specificity was confirmed by reverse Western blots using recombinant antigens. The broad spectrum of auto‐, allo‐ and heteroantigens as targets of human paraproteins in patients without signs of chronic antigenic stimulation renders a causal role of the antigenic stimulus in the pathogenesis of MGUS and MM unlikely. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beta2‐microglobulin mutations in microsatellite unstable colorectal tumors
Authors: Kloor Matthias , Michel Sara , Buckowitz Boris , Rüschoff Josef , Büttner Reinhard , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Dippold Wolfgang , Wagner Rudolf , Tariverdian Mirjam , Benner Axel , Schwitalle Yvette , Kuchenbuch Beate , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDefects of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) cause the high level microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) phenotype. MSI‐H cancers may develop either sporadically or in the context of the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome that is caused by germline mutations of MMR genes. In colorectal cancer (CRC), MSI‐H is characterized by a dense lymphocytic infiltration, reflecting a high immunogenicity of these cancers. As a consequence of immunoselection, MSI‐H CRCs frequently display a loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen presentation caused by mutations of the β2‐microglobulin (β2m) gene. To examine the implications of β2m mutations during MSI‐H colorectal tumor development, we analyzed the prevalence of β2m mutations in MSI‐H colorectal adenomas (n = 38) and carcinomas (n = 104) of different stages. Mutations were observed in 6/38 (15.8%) MSI‐H adenomas and 29/104 (27.9%) MSI‐H CRCs. A higher frequency of β2m mutations was observed in MSI‐H CRC patients with germline mutations of MMR genes MLH1 or MSH2 (36.4%) compared with patients without germline mutations (15.4%). The high frequency of β2m mutations in HNPCC‐associated MSI‐H CRCs is in line with the hypothesis that immunoselection may be particularly pronounced in HNPCC patients with inherited predisposition to develop MSI‐H cancers. β2m mutations were positively related to stage in tumors without distant metastases (UICC I‐III), suggesting that loss of β2m expression may promote local progression of colorectal MSI‐H tumors. However, no β2m mutations were observed in metastasized CRCs (UICC stage IV, p = 0.04). These results suggest that functional β2m may be necessary for distant metastasis formation in CRC patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in lung cancer among young European women: The rising epidemic in France and Spain
Authors: Levi Fabio , Bosetti Cristina , Fernandez Esteve , Hill Catherine , Lucchini Franca , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLung cancer mortality in young women in the European Union (EU) has steadily increased until the mid 1990s and has levelled off thereafter, but trends have been heterogeneous in various countries. We analyzed therefore age‐standardized trends in lung cancer mortality in young women (20–44) for the 6 major European countries, using joinpoint regression. In the early 1970s the highest lung cancer mortality in young women was in the UK (2.1/100,000). UK rates, however, steadily declined and in 2000–2004 they were the lowest of all 6 major EU countries (1.2/100,000). The second lowest rate in 2000–2002 was in Italy, whose rates remained around 1.1/100,000 between 1970 and 1994, and increased to 1.4 thereafter. In Germany and Poland, lung cancer rates in young women rose from 0.8–1.0/100,000 in the early 1970s to 1.7–1.9 in the mid 1990s and levelled off during the last decade. Major rises over recent years were observed in France (from 0.8/100,000 in 1985–1989 to 2.2 in 2000–2003) and in Spain (from 0.8 in the 1985–1989 to 1.7 in 2000–2004). Thus, France showed both the highest rate observed over the last 3 decades and the largest rise over the last 2 decades. Since recent trends in the young give relevant information to the likely future trends in middle age, the female lung cancer epidemic is likely to expand in southern Europe from the current rates of 5.0/100,000 in Spain and 7.7 in France to approach 20/100,000 within the next 2–3 decades. Urgent interventions for smoking cessation in women are therefore required. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Morrissey Colm , Vessella Robert L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) epithelial cells require a number of factors to facilitate their establishment and growth at a distant site of metastasis. Their ability to adapt to their microenvironment, proliferate and recruit an underlying stroma is integral to the survival and growth of the metastasis. PCa predominantly metastasizes to the bone, and bone metastases are the main cause of morbidity. The bone marrow provides a permissive environment for the formation of a metastasis. In some cases, the cells may remain dormant for some time, eventually proliferating in response to an unknown “trigger.” The marrow is rich in progenitor cells that differentiate into numerous cell types, producing new blood vessels, supporting fibroblasts, and an underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) that form the reactive stroma. By secreting a number of cytokines, growth factors and proteases they recruit auxiliary cells required to produce a functional stroma. These components are involved in a reciprocal interaction between the stroma and the PCa cells, allowing for the growth and survival of the tumor. Left unchecked, once a PCa tumor has established itself in the bone marrow it will eventually replace the marrow, interrupting bone homeostasis and typically promoting an osteoblastic response in the bone including osteoclastic events. The abundant deposition of new woven bone results in nerve compression, bone pain and an increase in fractures in patients with PCa bone metastases. This review will examine the tumor microenvironment, its role in facilitating tumor dissemination, growth and the resultant pathologies associated with PCa bone metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 873–886, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum Levels of CA19‐9 in patients with nonmalignant respiratory diseases
Authors: Kodama Takahide , Satoh Hiroaki , Ishikawa Hiroichi , Ohtsuka Morio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCA19‐9 is a specific tumor marker in patients with gastrointestinal cancer; however, some patients with respiratory disease can have elevated serum levels of CA19‐9 as well. In this study we evaluated serum CA19‐9 levels of patients with nonmalignant respiratory diseases. We also estimated the prognostic significance of elevated serum levels of CA19‐9 in patients with interstitial lung diseases. The study included 554 patients who had been diagnosed at our hospital during the period of 1984–2005. Serum CA19‐9 levels in these patients were measured with a commercially available kit. Elevated levels (>37 U/mL) of CA19‐9 were observed in 30.7% of patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, 38.9% of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), collagen disease‐associated pulmonary fibrosis (CDPF), diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), and bronchiectasis had elevated serum CA19‐9 levels. Survival rates were significantly lower in patients with interstitial lung diseases (IIP and CDPF) and elevated serum CA19‐9 levels than in those with levels in the normal range (P=0.0065). Serum CA19‐9 was elevated in some patients with nonmalignant diffuse lung diseases. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the evidence that increased serum CA19‐9 levels can be found in nonmalignant respiratory disease patients. In patients with IIP and CDPF, elevated serum CA19‐9 levels may be related to poor prognosis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:103–106, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia‐induced apoptosis and tube breakdown are regulated by p38 MAPK but not by caspase cascade in an in vitro capillary model composed of human endothelial cells
Authors: Ohta Toshiro , Eguchi Ryoji , Suzuki Akio , Miyakaze Shinichi , Ayuzawa Rie , Kaji Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to improve medical treatment of ischemic injury such as myocardial infarction, it is important to elucidate hypoxia‐induced changes to endothelial cells. An in vitro blood vessel model, in which HUVECs are stimulated to form a network of capillary‐like tubes, was used to analyze hypoxia‐induced morphological and biochemical changes. When exposed to hypoxia, the network of capillary tubes broke down into small clusters. This tube breakdown was accompanied by chromatin condensation and cell nuclear fragmentation, morphological markers of apoptosis, and activation of two apoptotic signals, caspase‐3 and p38. We investigated what roles caspase cascade and p38 play in hypoxia‐induced apoptosis and tube breakdown by using zVAD‐fmk and SB203580, specific inhibitors of these two apoptotic signals, respectively. Chromatin condensation and cell nuclear fragmentation and tube breakdown were effectively inhibited by SB203580, but not by zVAD‐fmk. SB203580 caused dephosphorylation of p38, which indicates that p38 was autophosphorylated. Inhibition by zVAD‐fmk caused slight MW increase in p17 and emergence of p19, which indicates that the inhibitor caused partial processing of caspase‐3. Inhibition of p38 suppressed activation of caspase‐3 but not vice versa. In addition, these two inhibitors were shown to differentially inhibit cleavage of so‐called caspase substrates. SB203580 inhibited cleavage of PARP and lamin A/C, while zVAD‐fmk inhibited cleavage of lamin A/C but not that of PARP. Taken together, these results show that p38 is located upstream of caspase cascade and that, although caspase‐3 is activated, a p38‐regulated caspase‐independent pathway is crucial for the execution of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis and tube breakdown. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 673–681, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knowledge and attitude toward HIV voluntary counseling and testing services among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Sudan
Authors: Mahmoud Mariam M. , Nasr Abubakr M. , Gassmelseed Dar Elgalal A. , Abdalelhafiz Mohamed. A. , Elsheikh Mohamed A. , Adam Ishag 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are increasing at an alarming rate especially in the sub‐Saharan region. Pregnant women susceptible to HIV and its transmission to the fetus provide a unique opportunity for implementing preventive strategy against HIV infection of newborn babies. During the period of August–December 2005 a cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Fath‐Elrahman Elbashir antenatal clinic, Khartoum Teaching Hospital, to investigate pregnant women's basic knowledge and attitude toward HIV and mother to child transmission as well as voluntary counseling and testing. Pre‐tested structured questionnaires were given to antenatal attendants by professional counselors. Their basic socio‐demographic and obstetric characteristics were obtained. Respondents' knowledge about HIV and mother to child transmission were tested. In addition, their willingness toward HIV testing was also reported. Out of the 1,005 women investigated, 79% had basic knowledge about HIV. Those who were resident in Khartoum and whose age was ≥26.1 years and their education level was secondary and above were found to be more knowledgeable about HIV. More than half of respondents were aware of mother to child transmission. Older (≥26.1 years), educated, and working mothers were found to be more knowledgeable about mother to child transmission. Willingness to undergo the test was demonstrated in 72.8% of respondents. However, only 30.3% had the test done. Older women, primigravidae, and Muslims have higher acceptance of voluntary counseling and testing. There is a need to extend the voluntary counseling and testing program in all antenatal clinics. In addition, there is a need to increase the level of education and raise health awareness about HIV and mother to child transmission. J. Med. Virol. 79:469–473, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear factor‐κB‐dependent cyclin D1 induction and DNA replication associated with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐mediated apoptosis in rat striatum
Authors: Liang Zhong‐Qin , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Ling‐Yun , Wang Yumei , Chen Ren‐Wu , Chuang De‐Maw , Chase Thomas N. , Qin Zheng‐Hong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCell cycle reentry has been found during apoptosis of postmitotic neurons under certain pathological conditions. To evaluate whether nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation promotes cell cycle entry and neuronal apoptosis, we studied the relation among NF‐κB‐mediated cyclin induction, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and apoptosis initiation in rat striatal neurons following excitotoxic insult. Intrastriatally injected N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor agonist quinolinic acid (QA, 60 nmol) elicited a rise in cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). QA‐induced NF‐κB activation occurred in striatal neurons and nonneuronal cells and partially colocalized with elevated cyclin D1 immunoreactivity and TUNEL‐positive nuclei. QA triggered DNA replication as evidenced by BrdU incorporation; some striatal BrdU‐positive cells were identified as neurons by colocalization with NeuN. Blockade of NF‐κB nuclear translocation with the recombinant peptide NF‐κB SN50 attenuated the QA‐induced elevation in cyclin D1 and BrdU incorporation. QA‐induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was blunted by G1/S‐phase cell cycle inhibitors. These findings suggest that NF‐κB activation stimulates cyclin D1 expression and triggers DNA replication in striatal neurons. Excitotoxin‐induced neuronal apoptosis may thus result from, at least partially, a failed cell cycle attempt. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.