bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism: Comparison of Outcome: Inborn and Outborn Infants Weighing Less Than 1,500 Grams
Authors: Lubchenco Lula O. , Butterfield L. Joseph , Black Virginia D. , Koops Beverly L. , Goldson Edward , Manchester Catherine 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe fetal mortality, neonatal mortality and developmental outcome of 690 less than 1,500 gram infants born during 1974–78 in Denver, Colorado, USA, was studied. Comparisons were made of 393 babies born at University Hospital (UH) where an intensive intrapartum care program was established and 297 babies born in five metropolitan Denver hospitals (MDH) who did not have intensive care capability. They were usually transported to The Children's Hospital (CH), Denver, for neonatal intensive care. Fetal mortality was lower in the UH population than the MDH population; neonatal mortality in the UH and. MDH babies was not different above 700 grams; neonatal delay was least(8%) in the babies born to mothers transported to UH for delivery (UH‐MT) and highest (21%) in the MDH babies who were transported to CH for neonatalintensive care. The authors conclude that fetal survival improved at UH andthat mental delay is least in babies born to mothers who are transported to UH for perinatal intensive care.
Metabolism: Periventricular‐Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Small Premature Infants
Authors: Imura Soichi , Ohno Tsutomu , Takada Masaaki , Takahashi Shigeru , Baba Kazuo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe incidence of periventricular‐intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH/IVH) in small premature infants diagnosed by computerized tomographic scanning (CT) is 40–50%. Ultrasound brain scanning is now emerging as an alternative modality for diagnosing PVH/IVH as early as the first day of life. Portability of the equipment and lack of ionizing radiation make this method ideal for studying newborn infants in intensive care units.In the present study the diagnosis of PVH/IVH was made using CT and ultrasound. Infants with PVH/IVH were then compared with infants in whom no bleeding was detected. The relationship between selected obstetric, neonatal, asphyxia1 and therapeutic factors and PVH/IVH was studied in a group of small premature infants. Statistically significant associations with respiratory distress, ventilator therapy, low Apgar score and metabolic acidosis were observed, lending support to their role in the pathogenesis of PVH/IVH.The prognosis of small premature infants suffering from post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus is probably related to the extent of the first insult and hemorrhage and the rate and extent of the development of subsequent hydrocephalus.
Essential Fatty Acids, Prostaglandins and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Dodge John A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic are essential components of a normal diet and are particularly important in young infants who are growing rapidly. A distinct clinical syndrome of essential fatty acid deficiency is occasionally seen in children with nutritional or absorptive defects. It may be treated orally, intravenously or transcutaneously. The essential fatty acids are precursors of the prostaglandins, which have high biological activity in a variety of tissues. In the small intestine, prostaglandins enhance both secretion and motility. Elevated plasma prostaglandins have been noted in a number of diarrhoea1 conditions, including chronic non‐specific diarrhoea in toddlers and rotavirus enteritis in infancy. There is a close relationship between fatty acids, prostaglandins and zinc metabolism.
Human Rotavirus Infection: Pathogenesis and Pathology
Authors: Horino Kiyotaka , Chiba Shunzo , Nakao Tooru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDuodenal mucosa and feces from 12 children with an acute non‐bacterial gastroenteritis were electron‐microscopically examined. In the study of the duodenal mucosa, many virus particles were seen in the distended cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells from the three patients who were biopsied within 72 hours from the onset of symptoms. Almost all virus particles had a highly electron‐dense core and were surrounded by a moderately dense double shelled capsid zone about 70 nm in diameter. However, particles without the outer shell capsid zone and particles without a core were also present. Matrices of viroplasm were often found close to the endoplasmic reticulum. These matrices were surrounded by many virus particles at various mature stages, and sometimes contained electron‐dense cores about 40 nm in diameter.In the study of the feces, the extracts of feces from all 12 children contained numerous virus particles. The morphological appearance of the virus particles observed in the feces and duodenal mucosa was identical. In this study, the morphological and morphogenetic resemblance of human rotavirus to other animal rotavirus was emphasized.
The Screening of Patients with Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia by Measuring Total Bile Acids Absoredin Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Matsui Akira , Fujimoto Takako , Takazawa Yoshie , Kasano Yasuo , Okaniwa Mariko , Kamoshita Shigehiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe efficency was assessed of the screening for extrahepatic biliary atresia by measuring total bile acids absorbed in dried blood spots at around 5 days of age. When the cut‐off level was 54.0 μmol/l, the sensitivity, the specificty and the efficiency of the screening test were 87.9%, 93.9% and 93.9% respectively. The case‐finding rate was 0.009% in this type of screening which was three times as many as an early case‐finding rate by population screening. These results suggest that teh efficiency of this screening is acceptable.
Genetic Study on the Etiology of Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Ohdo Shozo , Sonoda Tohru , Madokoro Harumichi , Matsuoka Yuji , Sennari Eiichi , Okishima Takahiro , Suzumiya Hiroko , Nishiguchi Toshihiro , Hayakawa Kunio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe etiology of congenital heart disease was studied in 1,076 patients who were diagnosed in our outpatient clinic from September 1, 198 1 to February 29, 1984.In these patients, 9(0.8%) had single gene disorders and 63(5.9%) had chromosomal aberrations, of which 55(87.7%) were Down syndrome. The number of patients who had congenital heart diseases due to environmental insult was 2(0.2%), and those with a malformation syndrome of unknown etiology were 6(0.6%).The etiology of congenital heart diseases in the remaining 996 patients (92.6%) was not clarified. In these cases, the rates of consanguinity of parents, and paternal and maternal grandparents, the ages of the parents when the patients were born, and the number of minor anomalies, were compared with those in normal controls. The complications of major anomalies were also investigated. Further, the recurrence risks in patients' siblings were also calculated.
Studies on Phagocytosis and Microbicidal Activity of Monocytes in Children with Acute Leukemia.
Authors: Yoda Satoru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPhagocytosis and microbicidal activity of monocytes in children with acute leukemia were studied in relation to the stages of the disease and severe fungalinfections.Phagocytosis and microbicidal activity of monocytes were defective in the active phase (before therapy, during relapse), and normalized during complete remission. Monocyte candidacidal activity in 11 of the 15 patients with severe infections was also defective.Extracellular factors such as serum from the patient, leukemic blast cells in the active phase and antileukemic drugs (prednisolone, vincristine, methotrexate) did not alter the monocyte functions at the concentrations tested.In seven patients with severe fungal infections, monocyte phagocytosis of Candidu albicans was defective in some patients, Candidacidal activity of monocytes was defective in all patients.The present study indicates that phagocytosis and microbicidal activity of monocytes are defective in the active phase of childhood acute leukemia and microbicidal activity is closely associated with the occurrence of severe fungal infections.
CONTROL AND DAILY CARE OF SICK CHILDREN AT SCHOOL: Obesity
Authors: Murata Mitsunori 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecently, the incidence of obese children is increasing in Japan. According to the School Health Examination Survey by the Ministry of Education, about 5–10% of school children are obese. Obesity is considered a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is most worthwhille to treat obesity in the school health program. However, it is very important to differentiate those obese children who really require management from those who do not and to detect the potentially obese children as early as possible. In order to do this easily and effectively studies on the growth curve for weight and height should be done. If the slope of his or her actual growth curve for weight is always greater than that of the standard, the child should be under medical control for obesity. Even if a child is obese, but his or her growth curve for weight has a normal pattern, the child is only placed under the observation and need not be categorized as in the “obese group.” Generally speaking obesity with short stature is symptomatic.It is also worthwhile to screen for risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia and diabetes mellitus in obese children. It is known that fatty liver in obese children results in cirrhosis, and it is recommended to examine liver function (measurement of serum GPT) in all obese school children.In order to obtain satisfactory results in the management of obese children, everything should not be left to the school health program and it is necessary to have the concerted efforts of the government, medical associations, society, school and homes, each of which should have a common understanding of the problem.
Monocyte Chemotaxis in Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Yamazaki Munehiro , Yamazaki Toshio , Yasui Kozo , Komiyama Atsushi , Akabane Taro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe studied monocyte chemotaxis in children with various types of primary immunodeficiency syndrome. The clinical and immunologic features of the patients with defective monocyte chemotaxis were then analyzed. Monocyte chemotaxis was defective in two patients with a monocyte disorder characterized by chronic candidiasis, absence of delayed‐type hypersensitivity, and normal T cell functions. Monocyte chemotaxis was also impaired in a patient with Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome, and in two of six patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome. Major infections in the patients with defective neutrophil chemotaxis but normal monocyte chemotaxis included recurrent pyogenic infections such as otitis media, superficial abscess, lymphadenitis and pneumonia. On the other hand, the clinical features of the patients with defective monocyte chemotaxis were characterized by chronic candidiasis. Delayed‐type hypersensitivity was negative in all of the patients in whom monocyte chemotaxis was defective, despite the absence of apparent T cell dysfunctions. These results demonstrated that there is defective monocyte chemotaxis in some types of primary immunodeficiency syndrome. The monocyte chemotaxis defect is probably responsible for candidiasis and related to the absence of delayed‐type hypersensitivity.
Defective Opsonization Induced by Chemotherapy in Children With Leukemia or Lymphoma
Authors: Ueno Norihiro , Matsumoto Shuzo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractComplement‐mediated opsonin activity was measured by the whole blood chemiluminescence method in 17 children with leukemia and lymphoma (6 with ALL, 7 with ANLL and 4 with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma) during remission induction therapy. The opsonin activity, which was at the normal level before chemotherapy, was decreased in all of the children during the therapy. This decrease was especially remarkable in the children treated with L‐asparaginase. When the opsonin activity was decreased, the activities of other complement systems (C3, CH50) were also damaged. Among these activities, the opsonin activity was best maintained.
Neutrophil Receptors
Authors: Ito Setsuko , Mikawa Haruki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe studied two interesting patients with neutrophil dysfunction: one is a patient with hyper‐IgE syndrome with the serum inhibitor which belongs to IgE class and the other is characterized by defective phagocytosis confined to S. aureus. These patients suggested to us the presence of IgE receptors and receptors for S. aureus on neutrophils.The presence of IgE receptors on neutrophils was proved by the fact that neutrophils preincubated with 10 μg of pure IgE generated O‐2 on stimulation with F(ab')2, fragments of pure anti‐K chain antibody or anti‐K chain antibody. The presence of IgE receptors was also suggested by the suppressive effect of IgE soluble immune complexes on neutrophil chemotaxis.Neutrophils of the patient with defective phagocytosis confined to S. aureus could not generate O‐2 with unopsonized S. aureus, while control neutrophils generated a significant amount of O‐2 on addition of unopsonized S. aureus. Colchicine treated control neutrophils also could not generate O‐2 by unopsonized S. aureus. These data suggested the presence of receptors for S. aureus on neutrophils.
IgE and IgG Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus Solubilized Cell Wall Proteins and Teichoic Acid in Patients with the Hyper‐IgE Syndrome
Authors: Shibata Rumiko , Umeda Akiko , Miyazaki Sumio , Nishima Sankei , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe anti‐staphylococcal IgE and IgG antibody levels of patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome (HIE) were measured by microtiter solid phase radioimmunoassay (MSPRIA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using solubilized cell wall proteins (SCWP) and teichoic acid extracted from Staphylococcus aureus.Using MSPRIA, specific IgE antibodies to SCWP were detected at significant levels in all 5 patients with HIE, but not in 23 patients with atopic allergy or Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome with or without staphylococcal infections. IgG antibodies to SCWP and teichoic acid were lower in the patients with HIE than those in non‐allergic infectious controls. These findings suggest an abnormal immunologic response to Staphylococcus aureus in patients with HIE.
A Scoring System for the Diagnosis of Lysosomal Storage Diseases: A Preliminary Study on the Basis of 100 Cases
Authors: Okamura‐Oho Yuko , Yamanaka Tatsuhiro , Suzuki Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe clinical records of 515 patients for the biochemical diagnosis of lysosomal diseases were reviewed with regard to 22 major clinical manifestations and laboratory data, and a comparative study was performed between lysosomal diseases (100 patients) and other nonlysosomal diseases with similar clinical manifestations (415 patients). The incidences of the 22 clinical findings were calculated in each group, and the relative ratio of the incidences in these 2 groups was designated as a positive sign index. The scores of this index were found to be specifically high in some clinical data of the patients with lysosomal storage diseases. The total scores clearly discriminated between these 2 disease groups, although there was a small overlap between them. This preliminary study can be expanded to diseases of other categories and assist the clinical diagnosis of rare diseases by general pediatricians.
Early Onset Type of NADH‐CoQ Reductase Deficiency
Authors: Kobayashi Masanori , Morishita Hideko , Sugiyama Naruji , Yokochi Kenji , Wada Yoshiro , Okada Masato , Hotta Yasuaki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report a case of NADH‐CoQ reductase deficiency, which is the first case described in Japan. A 3‐year‐and‐9‐month‐old‐boy had a severe and progressive neurologic disorder characterized by psychomotor retardation, myoclonic epilepsy and spastic quadriplegia. Moreover he had a respiratory problem of uncertain etiology in the neonatal period. Venous blood lactate levels were strikingly increased, ranging from 16.8 to 47.4 mg/100 ml, with an abnormally high lactate‐pyruvate ratio (21.2±1.7). Lactate and pyruvate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were also elevated (48.9 mg/100 ml and 2.09 mg/100 ml respectively). Histochemical investigation of a muscle specimen showed marked atrophy of type 1 and 2A fibers. No ragged red fiber was seen. Electron microscopy revealed a mild increase of lipid vacuoles among the myofibrils. The mitochondria showed no abnormal structure and no paracrystalline inclusion body. Biochemical studies of muscle mitochondria revealed a defective activity of NADH‐CoQ reductase in the respiratory chain. We propose that cases with so‐called mitochondrial myopathy should be classified according to the fundamental biochemical defects underlying of the clinical symptoms, and that the entity of NADH‐CoQ reductase should be divided into two further subtypes, of which one is early onset type and the other late onset.
Experience with Steroid Pulse in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Banba Masahiro , Shirane Kensuke , Kato Makoto , Awazu Midori , Hojo Hideto , Osano Mitsuru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSteroid pulse was employed in the treatment of three pediatric patients wit juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, dermatiomyositis and Behçet's disease, respectively. Initially, frequent of steriod pulse course were employed, in an attempt to achieve prompt relief of the acute exacerbations of chronic inflammatory disease. Thereafter, M‐PSL pulse at 20–30mg/kg was carried out once every 3–8 weeks for 3–4 years at the outpatient clinic. All patients were able to lead a comfortable life, with minor symptoms, and they had neither cushingoid features nor growth retardation. The hypothalamopituitary‐adrenal system was also retained, and significant immunological abnormalities were not detected in any case, even after prolonged and repeated steroid pulse courses.
The Influence of Parental Toy Choice on Child Toy Preference and Sex‐Role Typing
Authors: Peretti Peter O. , Sydney Tiffany M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractToys are associated with a child's expression, fantasy, interest, exploration, construction, education, cognitive development and sex‐role learning. The present research was concerned with the influence of parental toy choice on child toy preference and sex‐role typing among nursery school children. The results indicated that child toy preference was found to be significantly related to parental toy preference. Moreover, the parental toy preference was found to be associated with sex‐role typing.
Increased Synthesis of Thromboxane A2 by Platelets from a Patient with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Hidaka Toshihiro , Ogura Ryohei , Furuno Hiroaki , Tanaka Chihei , Yamashita Fumio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIncreased thromboxane synthesis capacity was demonstrated in platelets from a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome by the measurement of [1‐14C] TxB2 converted from [1‐14C] arachidonic acid. Whether such potentiated platelets are a possible risk factor of this disease is discussed.
Infantile Hemangioendothelioma Associated with Bone Marrow Dysfunction
Authors: Horikoshi Tamaki , Kimura Ken , Hiyoshi Yasuhiko , Ota Masanori , Dai Shunichi , Irie Yasushi , Yano Hiromichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA 5‐month‐old‐girl had hepatomegaly and severe anemia. Based on the multiple imaging studies, hemangioendothelioma was suspected. Wedge resection of the liver and hepatic artery ligation were performed. The peripheral blood film showed pancytopenia, and the myelogram showed markedly reduced erythroid series and myeloid predominance with shift to the left. The correlation between hemangioenothelioma and bone marrow dysfunction is unknown.As far as we know, this is the first report of infantile hemangioendothelioma associated with bone marrow dysfunction.
Glomerulonephritis Associated With Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Children
Authors: Takekoshi Yasuo , Tanaka Masato , Nagata Yasushi , Tochimaru Hiroyuki , Oka Ryuji , Matsumoto Shuzo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was identified by a reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) method in the serum of 13 of 15 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), three of three Type III membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) proposed by Burkholder, three of 25 idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome (IMCNS), three of 37 minor glomerular alterations with undetermined diagnosis (MGA) and none of 79 various other renal disease, in 266 Japanese children.Immunofluorescent studies showed granular deposition of Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in a similar pattern to that of IgG and β1C in the kidney of four patients with MGN, and of HBsAg in one with Type III MPGN. Eight of 13 MGN with positive serum HBsAg, two of three Type III MPGN and one of one MGA with positive serum HBs Ag had normalization of urinary findings during the observation period of one to eight years.Eight (5 MGN, 2 Type III MPGN and 1 MGA) of those with positive serum HBeAg showed seroconversion of HBeAg, and anti‐HBe appeared in five of eight as the urinary findings became normal. The normalization of urinary findings accompanied by seroconversion of HBeAg in the patients with MGA and with Type III MPGN suggests that HBeAg is the most important antigen involved in HB virus (HBV) associated GN including not only MGN but also Type III MPGN and MGA.
Pathogenesis of Persistent Truncus Arteriosus Produced by Bis‐Diamine in Rats
Authors: Okishima Takahiro , Ohdo Shozo , Hayakawa Kunio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe influence of bis‐diamine on truncoconal septation was studied by the administration of 200 mg of this drug to pregnant Donryu‐strain rats on day 10 of gestation. Fetuses were removed at nine time periods from day 11 to 15. Some hearts were observed under a scanning electron microscope; others were serially sectioned and observed by light microscopy. In the treated group, the aorticopulmonary septum and the 6th aortic arch artery were hypoplastic or aplastic. Truncal swellings and conal ridges showed hypoplasia and failure to fuse. Various types of persistent truncus arteriosus were found in association with the degree of development of the 6th aortic arch artery and the aorticopulmonary septum. Fused 6th aortic arch arteries corresponded to Collett and Edwards' persistent truncus arteriosus type II, and non‐fused arteries to type III. Aplastic arteries belonged to type IV or were unclassifiable.
Initial Chemotherapy for Purulent Meningitis in Children
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaka 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe combination of ampicillin with either gentamicin or chloramphenicol, which is currently the initial chemotherapy for purulent meningitis, has lost its effectiveness in recent years because of an increase in the incidence of ampicillin‐resistant strains. This has made it necessary to search for a suitable substitute therapy.Twenty‐two new β‐lactam agents were compared with penicillin G and ampicillin in terms of their antibacterial activity in relation to the principal causative microbes of meningitis and their ability to transfer into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits with experimental staphylococcal meningitis. In addition, a survey was conducted of the therapeutic efficacy achieved by these drugs in cases seen by the authors and in other domestic and overseas cases. Finally, an investigation was made as to whether or not the transfer of the drug into the CSF was suppressed when it was administered simultaneously with ampicillin.From the results, it was surmised that in future the most appropriate initial chemotherapy for purulent meningitis will be a combination of cefotaxime, or perhaps ceftriaxone, plus ampicillin.