bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of DNA formulation and administration route on cancer therapeutic efficacy with xenogenic EGFR DNA vaccine in a lung cancer animal model
Authors: Lai Ming-Derg , Yen Meng-Chi , Lin Chiu-Mei , Tu Cheng-Fen , Wang Chun-Chin , Lin Pei-Shan , Yang Huei-Jiun , Lin Chi-Chen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundTyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib is effective against lung cancer cells carrying mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); however, it is not effective against lung cancer carrying normal EGFR. The breaking of immune tolerance against self epidermal growth factor receptor with active immunization may be a useful approach for the treatment of EGFR-positive lung tumors. Xenogeneic EGFR gene was demonstrated to induce antigen-specific immune response against EGFR-expressing tumor with intramuscular administration.MethodsIn order to enhance the therapeutic effect of xenogeneic EGFR DNA vaccine, the efficacy of altering routes of administration and formulation of plasmid DNA was evaluated on the mouse lung tumor (LL2) naturally overexpressing endogenous EGFR in C57B6 mice. Three different combination forms were studied, including (1) intramuscular administration of non-coating DNA vaccine, (2) gene gun administration of DNA vaccine coated on gold particles, and (3) gene gun administration of non-coating DNA vaccine. LL2-tumor bearing C57B6 mice were immunized four times at weekly intervals with EGFR DNA vaccine.ResultsThe results indicated that gene gun administration of non-coating xenogenic EGFR DNA vaccine generated the strongest cytotoxicty T lymphocyte activity and best antitumor effects. CD8(+) T cells were essential for anti-tumor immunityas indicated by depletion of lymphocytes in vivo.ConclusionThus, our data demonstrate that administration of non-coating xenogenic EGFR DNA vaccine by gene gun may be the preferred method for treating EGFR-positive lung tumor in the future.
Exclusion of elective nodal irradiation is associated with minimal elective nodal failure in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sulman Erik P , Komaki Ritsuko , Klopp Ann H , Cox James D , Chang Joe Y 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Controversy still exists regarding the long-term outcome of patients whose uninvolved lymph node stations are not prophylactically irradiated for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiotherapy. To determine the frequency of elective nodal failure (ENF) and in-field failure (IFF), we examined a large cohort of patients with NSCLC staged with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) that excluded uninvolved lymph node stations.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 115 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated at our institution with definitive radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy (CHT). All patients were treated with 3D-CRT, including nodal regions determined by CT or PET to be disease involved. Concurrent platinum-based CHT was administered for locally advanced disease. Patients were analyzed in follow-up for survival, local regional recurrence, and distant metastases (DM).

Results
The median follow-up time was 18 months (3 to 44 months) among all patients and 27 months (6 to 44 months) among survivors. The median overall survival, 2-year actuarial overall survival and disease-free survival were 19 months, 38%, and 28%, respectively. The majority of patients died from DM, the overall rate of which was 36%. Of the 31 patients with local regional failure, 26 (22.6%) had IFF, 5 (4.3%) had ENF and 2 (1.7%) had isolated ENF. For 88 patients with stage IIIA/B, the frequencies of IFF, any ENF, isolated ENF, and DM were 23 (26%), 3 (9%), 1 (1.1%) and 36 (40.9%), respectively. The comparable rates for the 22 patients with early stage node-negative disease (stage IA/IB) were 3 (13.6%), 1(4.5%), 0 (0%), and 5 (22.7%), respectively.

Conclusion
We observed only a 4.3% recurrence of any ENF and a 1.7% recurrence of isolated ENF in patients with NSCLC treated with definitive 3D-CRT without prophylactic irradiation of uninvolved lymph node stations. Thus, distant metastasis and IFF remain the primary causes of treatment failure and cancer death in such patients, suggesting little value of ENI in this cohort.
Successful renal re-transplantation in the presence of pre-existing anti-DQ5 antibodies when there was zero mismatch at class I human leukocyte antigen A, B, & C: a case report
Authors: Hartono John , Lavingia Bhavna , Stastny Peter , Senitko Martin , Vazquez Miguel , Arenas Juan , Lu Christopher 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIntroductionHyperacute rejection may be prevented by avoiding the transplantation of kidneys into patients with pre-existing anti-donor Class I human leukocyte antigen antibodies. However, the role of anti-donor-Class II-human leukocyte antigen-DQ antibodies is not established. The question is ever more relevant as more sensitive cross-matching techniques detect many additional antibodies during the final crossmatch. We now report successful renal transplantation of a patient who had pre-existing antibodies against his donor's human leukocyte antigen-DQ5.Case presentationOur patient, a Caucasian man, was 34 years of age when he received his first deceased donor renal transplant. After 8 years, his first transplant failed from chronic allograft dysfunction and an earlier bout of Banff 1A cellular rejection. The second deceased donor kidney transplant was initially allocated to the patient due to a 0 out of 6 mismatch. The B cell crossmatch was mildly positive, while the T Cell crossmatch was negative. Subsequent assays showed that the patient had preformed antibodies for human leukocyte antigen DQ5 against his second donor. Despite having preformed antibodies against the donor, the patient continues to have excellent allograft function two years after his second renal transplant.ConclusionThe presence of pre-existing antibodies against human leukocyte antigen DQ5 does not preclude transplantation. The relevance of having other antibodies against class II human leukocyte antigens prior to transplantation remains to be studied.
Enzymatic corn wet milling: engineering process and cost model
Authors: Ramírez Edna C , Johnston David B , McAloon Andrew J , Singh Vijay 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Enzymatic corn wet milling (E-milling) is a process derived from conventional wet milling for the recovery and purification of starch and co-products using proteases to eliminate the need for sulfites and decrease the steeping time. In 2006, the total starch production in USA by conventional wet milling equaled 23 billion kilograms, including modified starches and starches used for sweeteners and ethanol production [1]. Process engineering and cost models for an E-milling process have been developed for a processing plant with a capacity of 2.54 million kg of corn per day (100,000 bu/day). These models are based on the previously published models for a traditional wet milling plant with the same capacity. The E-milling process includes grain cleaning, pretreatment, enzymatic treatment, germ separation and recovery, fiber separation and recovery, gluten separation and recovery and starch separation. Information for the development of the conventional models was obtained from a variety of technical sources including commercial wet milling companies, industry experts and equipment suppliers. Additional information for the present models was obtained from our own experience with the development of the E-milling process and trials in the laboratory and at the pilot plant scale. The models were developed using process and cost simulation software (SuperPro Designer®) and include processing information such as composition and flow rates of the various process streams, descriptions of the various unit operations and detailed breakdowns of the operating and capital cost of the facility.

Results
Based on the information from the model, we can estimate the cost of production per kilogram of starch using the input prices for corn, enzyme and other wet milling co-products. The work presented here describes the E-milling process and compares the process, the operation and costs with the conventional process.

Conclusion
The E-milling process was found to be cost competitive with the conventional process during periods of high corn feedstock costs since the enzymatic process enhances the yields of the products in a corn wet milling process. This model is available upon request from the authors for educational, research and non-commercial uses.
Preoperative detection of insulinomas: two case reports
Authors: Ozkaya Mesut , Yuzbasioglu Mehmet Fatih , Koruk Irfan , Cakal Erman , Sahin Mustafa , Cakal Basak 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Insulinoma is the most common endocrine tumor of the pancreas. Accurate preoperative detection and localization of insulinomas is essential for the appropriate selection of candidates for surgery. We present two cases with benign pancreatic insulinoma.

Case presentation
Preoperative evaluation for patients with suspected insulinomas has been controversial. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has a sensitivity of 95% in well skilled operators and well tolerated preoperative imaging method.

Conclusion
We have detected the insulinomas with EUS before surgery in our patients but other imaging modalities did not help us for localization of them. Patients have been asymptomatic postoperatively with no hypoglycemia on repeat fasting. We reviewed here the different modalities for preoperative localization of insulinoma.
Human antimicrobial protein hCAP18/LL-37 promotes a metastatic phenotype in breast cancer
Authors: Weber Günther , Chamorro Clara Ibel , Granath Fredrik , Liljegren Annelie , Zreika Sami , Saidak Zuzana , Sandstedt Bengt , Rotstein Samuel , Mentaverri Romuald , Sánchez Fabio , Pivarcsi Andor , Ståhle Mona 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein, hCAP18, and its C-terminal peptide LL-37 is a multifunctional protein. In addition to being important in antimicrobial defense, it induces chemotaxis, stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tissue repair. We previously showed that human breast cancer cells express high amounts of hCAP18, and hypothesised that hCAP18/LL-37 may be involved in tumour progression.

Methods
hCAP18 mRNA was quantified in 109 primary breast cancers and compared with clinical findings and ERBB2 mRNA expression. Effects of exogenous LL-37 and transgenic overexpression of hCAP18 on ErbB2 signalling were investigated by immunoblotting using extracts from breast cancer cell lines ZR75-1 and derivatives of MCF7. We further analysed the impact of hCAP18/LL-37 on the morphology of breast cancer cells grown in soft agar, on cell migration and on tumour development in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice.

Results
The expression of hCAP18 correlated closely with that of ERBB2 and with the presence of lymph node metastases in oestrogen receptor-positive tumours. hCAP18/LL-37 amplified Heregulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling through ErbB2, identifying a functional association between hCAP18/LL-37 and ErbB2 in breast cancer. Treatment with LL-37 peptide significantly stimulated the migration of breast cancer cells and their colonies acquired a dispersed morphology indicative of increased metastatic potential. A truncated version of LL-37 competitively inhibited LL-37 induced MAPK phosphorylation and significantly reduced the number of altered cancer cell colonies induced by LL-37 as well as suppressed their migration. Transgenic overexpression of hCAP18 in a low malignant breast cancer cell line promoted the development of metastases in SCID mice, and analysis of hCAP18 transgenic tumours showed enhanced activation of MAPK signalling.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that hCAP18/LL-37 contributes to breast cancer metastasis.
Universal features in the genome-level evolution of protein domains
Authors: Cosentino Lagomarsino Marco , Sellerio Alessandro L , Heijning Philip D , Bassetti Bruno 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Background
Protein domains can be used to study proteome evolution at a coarse scale. In particular, they are found on genomes with notable statistical distributions. It is known that the distribution of domains with a given topology follows a power law. We focus on a further aspect: these distributions, and the number of distinct topologies, follow collective trends, or scaling laws, depending on the total number of domains only, and not on genome-specific features.

Results
We present a stochastic duplication/innovation model, in the class of the so-called 'Chinese restaurant processes', that explains this observation with two universal parameters, representing a minimal number of domains and the relative weight of innovation to duplication. Furthermore, we study a model variant where new topologies are related to occurrence in genomic data, accounting for fold specificity.

Conclusions
Both models have general quantitative agreement with data from hundreds of genomes, which indicates that the domains of a genome are built with a combination of specificity and robust self-organizing phenomena. The latter are related to the basic evolutionary 'moves' of duplication and innovation, and give rise to the observed scaling laws, a priori of the specific evolutionary history of a genome. We interpret this as the concurrent effect of neutral and selective drives, which increase duplication and decrease innovation in larger and more complex genomes. The validity of our model would imply that the empirical observation of a small number of folds in nature may be a consequence of their evolution.
Cognitive–behavioural therapyv. social activity therapy for people with psychosis and a history of violence: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haddock Gillian , Barrowclough Christine , Shaw Jennifer J. , Dunn Graham , Novaco Raymond W. , Tarrier Nicholas 
Published: January 2009

BackgroundAggression and violence are serious problems in schizophrenia. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for psychosis although there have been no studies to date evaluating the impact of CBT for people with psychosis and a history of violence.AimsTo investigate the effectiveness of CBT on violence, anger, psychosis and risk outcomes with people who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and a history of violence.MethodThis was a single-blind randomised controlled trial of CBTv. social activity therapy (SAT) with a primary outcome of violence and secondary outcomes of anger, symptoms, functioning and risk. Outcomes were evaluated by masked assessors at 6 and 12 months (trial registration: NRR NO50087441).ResultsSignificant benefits were shown for CBT compared with control over the intervention and follow-up period on violence, delusions and risk management.ConclusionsCognitive–behavioural therapy targeted at psychosis and anger may be an effective treatment for reducing the occurrence of violence and further investigation of its benefits is warranted.
Suicides in female prisoners in England and Wales, 1978–2004
Authors: Fazel Seena , Benning Ram 
Published: January 2009

SummaryWe calculated, in narrow age bands, suicide rates for female prisoners compared with the general population between 1978 and 2004. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide was 20.7 (95% CI 16.7–25.7), with a higher excess in younger women (525 years, SMR=40 (95% CI 29–57); 525 years, SMR=20 (95% CI 15–26)). There was a trend over time for SMRs to have increased, supporting the need for recent national initiatives for suicide prevention in prisoners.
Adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: 18-year outcome
Authors: Wentz Elisabet , Gillberg I. Carina , Anckarsäter Henrik , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria 
Published: January 2009

BackgroundThe long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa is insufficiently researched.AimsTo study prospectively the long-term outcome and prognostic factors in a representative sample of people with teenage-onset anorexia nervosa.MethodFifty-one people with anorexia nervosa, recruited by community screening and with a mean age at onset of 14 years were compared with 51 matched comparison individuals at a mean age of 32 years (18 years after disorder onset). All participants had been examined at ages 16 years, 21 years and 24 years. They were interviewed for Axis I psychiatric disorders and overall outcome (Morgan–Russell assessment schedule and the Global Assessment of Functioning).ResultsThere were no deaths. Twelve per cent (n=6) had a persisting eating disorder, including three with anorexia nervosa. Thirty-nine per cent of the anorexia nervosa group met the criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder. The general outcome was poor in 12%. One in four did not have paid employment owing to psychiatric problems. Poor outcome was predicted by premorbid obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, age at onset of anorexia nervosa and autistic traits.ConclusionsThe 18-year outcome of teenage-onset anorexia nervosa is favourable in respect of mortality and persisting eating disorder.
Suicide in dementia: 9-year national clinical survey in England and Wales
Authors: Purandare Nitin , Voshaar Richard C. Oude , Rodway Cathryn , Bickley Harriet , Burns Alistair , Kapur Nav 
Published: January 2009

BackgroundKnowledge of suicide in people with dementia is limited to small case series.AimsTo describe behavioural, clinical and care characteristics of people with dementia who died by suicide.MethodAll dementia cases (n=118) from a 9-year national clinical survey of suicides in England and Wales (n=11 512) were compared with age- and gender-matched non-dementia cases (control group) (n=492) by conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe most common method of suicide in patients with dementia was self-poisoning, followed by drowning and hanging, the latter being less frequent than in controls. In contrast to controls, significantly fewer suicides occurred within 1 year of diagnosis in patients with dementia. Patients with dementia were also less likely to have a history of self-harm, psychiatric symptoms and previous psychiatric admissions.ConclusionsKnown indicators of suicide risk are found less frequently in dementia suicide cases than non-dementia suicide cases. Further research should clarify whether suicide in dementia is a response to worsening dementia or an under-appreciation of psychiatric symptoms by clinicians.Declaration on interestNone.Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.
Comparative epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome in Brazilian and British primary care: prevalence and recognition
Authors: Cho Hyong Jin , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Hotopf Matthew , Bhugra Dinesh , Wessely Simon 
Published: January 2009

BackgroundAlthough fatigue is a ubiquitous symptom across countries, clinical descriptions of chronic fatigue syndrome have arisen from a limited number of high-income countries. This might reflect differences in true prevalence or clinical recognition influenced by sociocultural factors.AimsTo compare the prevalence, physician recognition and diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome in London and São Paulo.MethodPrimary care patients in London (n=2459) and São Paulo (n=3914) were surveyed for the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome. Medical records were reviewed for the physician recognition and diagnosis.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome according to Centers for Disease Control 1994 criteria was comparable in Britain and Brazil: 2.1%v. 1.6% (P=0.20). Medical records review identified 11 diagnosed cases of chronic fatigue syndrome in Britain, but none in Brazil (P<0.001).ConclusionsThe primary care prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome was similar in two culturally and economically distinct nations. However, doctors are unlikely to recognise and label chronic fatigue syndrome as a discrete disorder in Brazil. The recognition of this illness rather than the illness itself may be culturally induced.
Dementia screening in acute medical and geriatric hospital admissions
Authors: Gordon Alison , Hu Hilda , Byrne Anthony , Stott David J. 
Published: January 2009

Aims and MethodWe studied a representative cohort of 161 patients over 65 years of age, admitted non-electively to medical and geriatric wards of a large teaching hospital. Assessment for dementia was made using DSM–IV criteria. Psychiatric records were then examined, masked, to determine the involvement of psychogeriatric services.ResultsThere were 111 possible cases of dementia (69%), of which 30 (27%) had prior local psychogeriatric case notes; in 22 cases (20%) the patient had a prior psychiatric diagnosis of dementia. of 161 patients, 19 (12%) were seen by psychogeriatric services during their admission, of whom 12 (7%) were already known to psychiatric services. Dementia was diagnosed in 17 (complicated by delirium in 2), depression in 1 and hypomania in 1. Many patients with a possible diagnosis of dementia had no psychiatric assessment.Clinical ImplicationsPsychogeriatric assessment was performed on a minority of older people admitted to medical care. This population may include older people with undiagnosed dementia and unmet psychiatric care needs.
Guidelines on antipsychotics for dementia: are we losing our minds?
Authors: Haw Camilla , Yorston Graeme , Stubbs Jean 
Published: January 2009

Aims and MethodThe National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Royal College of Psychiatrists have each issued guidance on the use of antipsychotics for behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD). We sent all old age psychiatrists an anonymous questionnaire asking for their opinions on these documents and for details of their use of antipsychotics for BPSD.ResultsThe response rate was 202 out of 648 (31.2%). the two documents, though similar in content provoked very different responses, with the College guidance being much more favourably received. All respondents prescribed antipsychotics for BPSD, most commonly quetiapine.Clinical ImplicationsWhen prescribing antipsychotics for behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia, psychiatrists should take both NICE and College guidelines into account and use their clinical judgement.
Psychiatric symptoms in Ground Zero ironworkers in the aftermath of 9/11: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Katz Craig L. , Levin Stephen , Herbert Robin , Munro Simon , Pandya Anand , Smith Rebecca 
Published: January 2009

Aims and MethodTo establish the prevalence of, and risk factors for, psychiatric symptoms in Ground Zero ironworkers. Questionnaires commonly used to screen for psychiatric symptoms were completed by 124 workers.ResultsWe have established the prevalence of screening positive for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, generalised anxiety, depression and alcohol misuse. Among the risk factors were alcohol misuse, injury to or death of a family member, friend or co-worker at Ground Zero and one or more adverse life events since 9/11.Clinical ImplicationsIronworkers at Ground Zero tend to have significant psychiatric symptoms likely to be associated with the traumatic experience of working there during the clean-up operation. Risk factors for psychiatric symptoms were established.