bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and expression profile of a putative basement membrane protein gene in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Wang Jia-Lin , Jiang Xiao-Juan , Wang Qian , Hou Li-Jing , Xu Da-Wei , Wang Jin-Xing , Zhao Xiao-Fan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
The midgut undergoes histolysis and remodeling during the larval to adult transition in holometabolous insects, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood.

Results
Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH), we identified a 531 bp cDNA predicted to encode a 176 amino acid protein, which we call hmg176. Northern and western blot analysis suggested that high levels of hmg176 are expressed in the midgut during molting, but not during metamorphosis. HMG176 protein was detected by immunofluorescence within the membrane of fat bodies and the basement membrane of the midgut of both molting and feeding larvae, but not in metamorphically committed larvae. In situ hybridization revealed that hmg176 transcripts mainly localized to the columnar cells of the midgut. Interestingly, a non-steroidal ecdysone agonist, RH-2485, significantly upregulated expression of hmg176.

Conclusion
These observations suggest that hmg176 encodes a larval-specific protein that may participate in sustaining larval midgut during larval development, possibly in response to ecdysteroid in vivo. This study will enlighten our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tissue histolysis during metamorphosis.
HIF-2α downregulation in the absence of functional VHL is not sufficient for renal cell differentiation
Authors: Hughes Michael D , Kapllani Erilda , Alexander Ashlynn E , Burk Robert D , Schoenfeld Alan R 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundMutational inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene has been linked to hereditary as well as sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas. The product of the VHL gene, pVHL, acts to target hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-α) subunits for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Using an RNA interference approach to lower levels of HIF-2α in two different renal cell lines that lack functional pVHL, we have tested the contribution of HIF-2α toward cellular pVHL activities.ResultsKnockdown of HIF-2α resulted in cell cycle arrest of renal cells that were grown on collagen I, indicating that this pVHL function is dependent on HIF-2α regulation. However, cellular morphological changes and downregulation of integrins α5 and β1, which were seen upon pVHL replacement, were not faithfully phenocopied by HIF-2α reduction. Moreover, fibronectin deposition and expression of renal cell differentiation markers were observed in cells containing replaced pVHL, but not in HIF-2α knockdown cells, indicating that these pVHL functions may occur independently of HIF-2α downregulation.ConclusionThese results indicate that HIF-2α regulation is not sufficient for pVHL-induced renal cell differentiation. We hypothesize that in addition to HIF-2α dysregulation, abrogation of additional pVHL functions is required for the initiation of renal carcinogenesis.
Common Genotypes of Hepatitis B virus prevalent in Injecting drug abusers (addicts) of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan
Authors: Alam Muhammad Masroor , Zaidi Sohail Zahoor , Shaukat Shehzad , Sharif Salmaan , Angez Mehar , Naeem Asif , Saleha Shamim , Butt Javed Aslam , Malik Salman Akbar 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
The epidemiological significance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes has been well established and becoming an essential concern day by day however, much little is known about the mixed infection with more than one Hepatitis B virus genotypes and their clinical relevance.

Methods
Intravenous drug abusers are considered as a major risk group for the acquisition and transmission of blood borne infections like hepatitis B, however, in Pakistan, no such data has ever been reported about the epidemiology of HBV and its genotypes in Injecting Drug Users. 250 individuals were analyzed for hepatitis B virus genotypes after prior screening with serological assay for the detection of HBsAg.

Results
56 (22.4%) individuals were found positive on ELSIA for HBsAg. The genotype distribution was found to be as: genotype D, 62.5%; genotype A, 8.92% while 28.57% individuals were found to be infected with a mixture of genotype A and D.

Conclusion
There is an urgent need of the time to develop public health care policies with special emphasis towards the control of HBV transmission through high risk groups especially Injecting Drug Users.
Consistency of the Neighbor-Net Algorithm
Authors: Bryant David , Moulton Vincent , Spillner Andreas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundNeighbor-Net is a novel method for phylogenetic analysis that is currently being widely used in areas such as virology, bacteriology, and plant evolution. Given an input distance matrix, Neighbor-Net produces a phylogenetic network, a generalization of an evolutionary or phylogenetic tree which allows the graphical representation of conflicting phylogenetic signals.ResultsIn general, any network construction method should not depict more conflict than is found in the data, and, when the data is fitted well by a tree, the method should return a network that is close to this tree. In this paper we provide a formal proof that Neighbor-Net satisfies both of these requirements so that, in particular, Neighbor-Net is statistically consistent on circular distances.
A New Synthesis Route for MWW Analogues Using Octyltrimethylammonium Cations as Structure-directing Agents under Alkali-free Conditions
Authors: Liu Na , Liu Yueming , Yue Chaochao , Chen Li , Wu Haihong , Li Xiaohong , He Mingyuan , Wu Peng 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Crystalline zeolites with the MWW topology are readily synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using long-chain quaternary ammonium cation like octyltrimethylammonium from high silica gels free of alkali metal ions, which implies a new route for preparing MWW-type metallosilicates.
Preparation of Novel Polysaccharide Nanoparticles by the Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Pectins and Their Protein-encapsulation Ability
Authors: Kida Toshiyuki , Inoue Keiichiro , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Novel polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the self-assembly of amphiphilic pectins, which were easily synthesized by the reaction of pectins with l-phenylalanine ethyl ester, and these nanoparticles were able to retain entrapped ovalbumin for one week without any significant leakage.
Ultrasonic-mediated Preparation of Mesoporous Crystalline CdS Nanoparticle
Authors: Sathish M , Viswanath R P 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Cubic mesoporous CdS crystalline nanoparticles (4–6 nm) have been prepared by template-free ultrasonic-mediated precipitation, employing simple inorganic precursors at room temperature. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm reveals that the as-prepared CdS nanoparticle has an average pore size of ≈5.4 nm.
Footbridge Pedestrian Vibration Limits Background to Response Calculation
Authors: Barker Chris 
Published: June 2007

The UK Highways Agency has commissioned two companion studies for the review of the dynamic sensitivity of footbridges. As part of their contribution to this work, Flint & Neill Partnership have undertaken a fairly extensive theoretical review of the combined subjects of pedestrian loading, response prediction and user perception of bridge motion. The results of this study form the basis for a new approach to the assessment of the dynamic responses of footbridges [1][2][3][4][5]. This paper presents of some of the background to the design strategy developed for the prediction of vertical responses. The material presented serves two purposes (a) it gives some useful background in order to assist practicing engineers to better understand a few of the many important theoretical issues, and (b) it provides an example of a simple analysis algorithm (able to be implemented in a spreadsheet) that, in many cases, will enable engineers to calculate pedestrian dynamic responses with the same precision as that of a full time history analysis.
Footbridge Design in the Urban Context
Authors: Giuliani Mauro Eugenio , Giuliani Gian Carlo 
Published: June 2007

Among “our” foot bridge projects, we selected the following ones and illustrated their structural and architectural features along with the solution proposed for relevant problems; competition designs are also included to give a wide spectrum of the general, interesting aspects of the theme: 1) San Giuliano bridge in Venezia Mestre 2) Bridge over the East Ring Highway in Agrate - Italy 3) Bridge in Nicosia - Cyprus 4) Bridge in Formia - Italy 5) Competition for a bridge over Po river in Torino - Italy 6) Competition for a bridge over Brembo river in San Pellegrino - Italy 7) Competition for a bridge over Cidacos river in Calahorra - Spain Several schemes, materials, and details were exploited to best fit the site conditions, like continuous girders and frames, bow strings, cable stayed structures; the materials range from steel, concrete and steel-concrete composites. Ad hoc designed devices were used for the dynamic control of vibrations and for longitudinal releasing of continuous girders. Erection methods include concrete prefabrication and segmental construction.,
Painlevé equations and the middle convolution
Authors: Dettweiler Michael , Reiter Stefan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We relate the theory of the middle convolution functor MCλ
to the study of algebraic solutions of the sixth Painlevé equation PVI. We interpret some recently found algebraic solutions by Boalch in terms of the middle convolution. Then we show how to obtain algebraic solutions of PVI by starting with triples in GL2 and applying MCλ
. The effect on the underlying Fuchsian systems can be described in a very simple manner.
On a 25-dimensional embedding of the Ree–Tits generalized octagon
Authors: Coolsaet Kris 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We describe how to obtain the projective coordinates of the points of the Ree–Tits generalized octagon over a perfect field K in the 25-dimensional embedding of [K. Coolsaet, Algebraic structure of the perfect Ree-Tits generalized octagons. Innov. Incidence Geom.
1 (2005), 67–131. MR2213954 (2007a:51004) Zbl 05031723] from their Van Maldeghem coordinates (as defined in [H. Van Maldeghem, Generalized polygons. Birkhäuser 1998. MR1725957 (2000k:51004) Zbl 0914.51005, Section 3.6]). As an important bonus the explicit formulas which result from this may now serve as the definition of a 25-dimensional embedding also in the non-perfect case. We also give explicit formulas for the operations Ψ
i
and Φ
j
of the octagonal octanary ring associated with the octagon and its dual. (The latter are new.)
As an application we derive the dimensions of subspaces of this embedding generated by various special subsets of points of the octagon: the sets of points at a fixed distance from a given point or a given line, the Suzuki suboctagons, the traces and the hypertraces. In some of the cases these dimensions turn out to depend on whether K is the field of 2 elements, or not.
Cadmium and Zinc in Vegetation and Litter of a Voluntary Woodland that has Developed on Contaminated Sediment‐Derived Soil
Authors: Lepp Nicholas W. , Madejón Paula 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVegetation that develops spontaneously on metal‐contaminated soils presents an opportunity to evaluate both metal bioavailability and the risks posed to biota. The behavior of Cd and Zn in the species of a spontaneously developed woodland, colonizing a canal embankment, has been investigated. Nitric‐acid‐extractable metal concentrations in the sediment‐derived substrate ranged between 5.0 to 376 mg kg−1dry wt. Cd and 83.0 to 784 mg kg−1dry wt. Zn. The woodland is dominated by Willow (Salix) species. Salix caprea selectively accumulated Cd in all stem tissues, in contrast to S. viminalis, which regulated tissue Cd content. Both species showed an effective regulation of tissue Zn. Cadmium uptake by S. caprea was correlated with differences in soil pH, while Zn uptake was not. There was no relationship between tissue metal concentrations and soil metal nitric acid‐extractable concentrations. Other aspects of ecosystem function appeared unaffected by the elevated Cd flux in S. caprea; leaf litter organisms present represented all major groups and there was no accumulation of organic matter. The woodland represents a potentially sustainable option for remediating a low value site with difficult access that does not involve removal of the contaminated material to a landfill or making a permanent inert cover.
Micro‐Trench Experiments on Interflow and Lateral Pesticide Transport in a Sloped Soil in Northern Thailand
Authors: Kahl G. , Ingwersen J. , Nutniyom P. , Totrakool S. , Pansombat K. , Thavornyutikarn P. , Streck T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring recent decades, a change in land use in the mountainous regions of Northern Thailand has been accompanied by an increased input of agrochemicals. We identified lateral water flow and pesticide transport pathways and mechanisms in a Hapludult on a sloped litchi orchard in Northern Thailand. During two rainy seasons, two micro‐trench experiments were performed at the plot scale (2 by 3 m). The first experiment was performed at the footslope of the orchard; the second was performed at a midslope position. Two salt tracers (bromide and chloride) and two pesticides {methomyl [S‐methyl‐N‐(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate] and chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6‐Tetrachlor‐1,3‐benzdicarbonitril)} were applied in stripes parallel to the slope 150 and 300 cm away from the trench. At the trench, soil water was collected by wick samplers. Tensiometers and time‐domain reflectometry probes were installed. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were taken and analyzed for residual concentrations of tracers and pesticides. Lateral subsurface flow of water occurred exclusively along preferential flow paths and was mainly observed at 0‐ to 30‐ and 60‐ to 90‐cm depth. Lateral transport of pesticides was negligible, but both pesticides were found beneath the application area at 90 cm depth. Therefore, they may pose a groundwater contamination risk. The amount of wick flow and the location of interflow were mainly a function of rain amount and antecedent soil water suction. During dry periods, water flow was restricted to the topsoil. After heavy rain events and wet periods, interflow was mainly observed in the subsoil. The cumulative rain amount between samplings necessary to induce interflow was 20 mm. At the footslope, the interflow was seven times higher, and the network of water‐bearing pores increased compared with the midslope position.
Influence of Alternative and Conventional Farming Practices on Subsurface Drainage and Water Quality
Authors: Oquist K. A. , Strock J. S. , Mulla D. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAgricultural runoff contributes nutrients to nonpoint‐source pollution of surface waters. This study was conducted to investigate the potential use of alternative farming practices to improve water quality. The study examined the effects of both alternative and conventional farming practices on subsurface drainage and nitrogen and phosphorus loss through subsurface drainage from glacial till soils (i.e., Calciaquolls, Endoaquolls, Eutrudepts, Hapludolls) in southwest Minnesota. Alternative farming practices included organic management practices, species biodiversity, and/or practices that include reduced inputs of synthetic fertilizer and pesticides. Conventional farming practices include corn–soybean (Zea mays L.–Glycine max L., respectively) rotations and their associated recommended fertilizer rates as well as pesticide usage. Precipitation was highly variable during the 3‐yr study period including a below‐average year (2003), an average year (2002), and an above‐average year (2004). Results indicate that alternative farming practices reduced subsurface drainage discharge by 41% compared with conventional practices. Flow‐weighted mean nitrate‐nitrogen (nitrate N) concentrations during tile flow were 8.2 and 17.2 mg L−1 under alternative and conventional farming practices, respectively. Alternative farming practices reduced nitrate N losses by between 59 and 62% in 2002 and 2004 compared with conventional practices. Ammonium‐nitrogen (ammonium N), orthophosphorus, and total phosphorus losses in subsurface drainage were very low and did not pose a substantial risk of pollution. Results suggest that alternative farming practices have the potential to reduce agricultural impacts on water quality.
Hydrophobicity of Soil Colloids and Heavy Metal Mobilization
Authors: Klitzke Sondra , Lang Friederike 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDrying of soil may increase the hydrophobicity of soil and affect the mobilization of colloids after re‐wetting. Results of previous research suggest that colloid hydrophobicity is an important parameter in controlling the retention of colloids and colloid‐associated substances in soils. We tested the hypothesis that air‐drying of soil samples increases the hydrophobicity of water‐dispersible colloids and whether air‐drying affects the mobilization of colloid‐associated heavy metals. We performed batch experiments with field‐moist and air‐dried (25°C) soils from a former sewage farm (sandy loam), a municipal park (loamy sand), and a shooting range site (loamy sand with 25% Corg). The filtered suspensions (<1.2 μm) were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved and colloidal organic C and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn), average colloid size, zeta potential, and turbidity. The hydrophobicity of colloids was determined by their partitioning between a hydrophobic solid and a hydrophilic aqueous phase. Drying increased hydrophobicity of the solid phase but did not affect the hydrophobicity of the dispersed colloids. Drying decreased the amount of mobilized mineral and (organo‐)mineral colloids in the sewage farm soils but increased the mobilization of organic colloids in the C‐rich shooting range soil. Dried samples released less colloid‐bound Cd and Zn than field‐moist samples. Drying‐induced mobilization of dissolved organic C caused a redistribution of Cu from the colloidal to the dissolved phase. We conclude that drying‐induced colloid mobilization is not caused by a change in the physicochemical properties of the colloids. Therefore, it is likely that the mobilization of colloids in the field is caused by increasing shear forces or the disintegration of aggregates.
National prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in Turkey: cross sectional study of a representative adult population
Authors: Delibasi Tuncay , Karaaslan Yasar , Ustun Ihsan , Koroglu Ertugrul , Hosgor Seref 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in representative sample of adult (≥ 18 years old) Turkish population living in urban and rural area of Turkey. Turkish citizens aged ≥ 18 who can represent adult population and permanently resident in Turkey were taken to this study in 1999–2000. The nationally representative sample population was selected from the target population using the census which was performed by national institute of statistics at 1997. Target population was 13.570 individuals living in these houses and 8674 people who aged ≥ 18 are chosen for the study. BMI was used as widely accepted diagnostic criteria of obesity. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of underweight was 10.7% in men, 5.9% in women and 8.1% for overall. The prevalence of overweight was 17.4% in men, 20.4% in women and 19% for overall. The prevalence of obesity was 7.8% in men, 22.1% in women and 15.6% for overall. The prevalence of overweight is higher (19.6%) in urban areas but prevalence of obesity is higher (17%) in rural areas of Turkey. Age, educational level and marital status seem to have association with obesity prevalence. The data we obtained showed us that while the underweight is still an issue for men, the overweight and obesity prevalence is high and needs to take early prevention steps for Turkish population.
Hearing impairment among workers occupationally exposed to excessive levels of noise
Authors: Gidikova Pavlina , Prakova Gospodinka , Ruev Petar , Sandeva Gergana 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Pure tone audiometry screening and ear examinations were conducted among 138 males working as machine and equipment operators occupationally exposed to intermittent noise of 85 to 105 dBA. Hearing loss up to 30 dB (preserved socially adequate hearing) was found in 25 workers. The hearing impairment was confirmed by distortion products of otoacoustic emissions measurements. A sharp increase in the frequency of cases can be found among the workers with service length over 10 years. While the frequency of the cases among workers with service length below 10 years is 5.45%, it is 26.5% among the subjects with service length over 10 years, with a gradual increase as a result of the increase in exposure duration. A positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the frequency of hearing impairment among the workers and the years of exposure to excessive noise levels. Some measures for preventing occupational noise-induced hearing loss were suggested.
Pulmonary response to airway instillation of autologous blood in horses
Authors: DERKSEN F. J. , WILLIAMS K. J. , UHAL B. D. , SLOCOMBE R. F. , de FEIJTER‐RUPP H. , EBERHART S. , BERNEY C. , ROBINSON N. E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryReasons for performing study: Exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) occurs in the majority of horses performing strenuous exercise. Associated pulmonary lesions include alveolar and airway wall fibrosis, which may enhance the severity of EIPH. Further work is required to understand the pulmonary response to blood in the equine airways.Objectives: To confirm that a single instillation of autologous blood into horse airways is associated with alveolar wall fibrosis, and to determine if blood in the airways is also associated with peribronchiolar fibrosis.Methods: Paired regions of each lung were inoculated with blood or saline at 14 and 7 days, and 48, 24 and 6 h before euthanasia. Resulting lesions were described histologically and alveolar and airway wall collagen was quantified.Results: The main lesion observed on histology was hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes at 7 days after blood instillation. This lesion was no longer present at 14 days. There were no significant effects of lung region, treatment (saline or autologous blood instillation), nor significant treatment‐time interactions in the amount of collagen in the interstitium or in the peribronchial regions.Conclusion: A single instillation of autologous blood in lung regions is not associated with pulmonary fibrosis.Potential relevance: Pulmonary fibrosis and lung remodelling, characteristic of EIPH, are important because these lesions may enhance the severity of bleeding during exercise. A single instillation of autologous blood in the airspaces of the lung is not associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore the pulmonary fibrosis described in EIPH must have other causes, such as repetitive bleeds, or the presence of blood in the pulmonary interstitium in addition to the airspaces. Prevention of pulmonary fibrosis through therapeutic intervention requires a better understanding of these mechanisms.