bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Endoscopic Stapedotomy
Authors: Yeolekar Aditya , Lathi Aniket , Kahane Kaustubh , Mishra Shivani , Muthe Varsharani , Patil Gauri 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Otosclerosis is a progressive disease of the otic capsule which presents with conductive hearing loss with an intact tympanic membrane. The description of the disease was first given by Valsalva in 1704. Since then, several techniques are described for otosclerosis. All these procedures have traditionally been performed with microscope. New modifications of surgical techniques have been introduced time to time. The concept of minimally invasive surgical techniques has sprung up lately. Recent advances in optics such as high-definition endoscopes have revolutionized the surgeries in otology.

Aim:
The study aimed to study the feasibility of primary endoscopic stapedotomy.

Objectives:
(1) The objectives of the study were to evaluate Air-bone gap (ABG) closure in primary endoscopic stapedotomy and (2) to study intra- and post-operative complications in primary endoscopic stapedotomy.

Methodology:
Thirty patients with otosclerosis underwent stapedotomy using the standard 0.4 mm 18 cm endoscope and high-definition camera system.

Results:
Of the 30 cases, 17 were males and 13 were females, with a mean age of 39.84 years. A minimal removal of posterosuperior bony canal wall was required in 21 (70%) cases. The average operative time was 65 min. Among intraoperative complications, chorda tympani injury was seen in 2 (6%) cases, and incus subluxation and stapes footplate subluxation in 1 (3%) case each. Pure-tone audiograms done at an interval of 4 months demonstrated improvement across the three speech frequencies (500–2000 Hz) (50.2 dB vs. 23.7 dB). The average postoperative ABG was within 10 dB in twenty (66%) ears and between 10 and 25 dB in the rest ten (33%) ears.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic stapedotomy is a good alternative tool to conventional operating microscope. It offers better visualization, less trauma while elevating tympanomeatal flap flap, lesser bone curettage, and provides equivalent results.
Evaluation of Brain Structures’ Volume Using vol2Brain Software in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Cetin Seda , Karatas Mehmet , Sirik Mehmet , Uckardes Fatih , Aydin Ali 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otolaryngologic emergency that, if left untreated, may result in permanent hearing loss. Our aim was to investigate the morphological effects in areas known as auditory centers in patients with idiopathic SSNHL (ISSNHL).

Materials and Methods:
In this study, magnetic resonance imaging’s (MRIs) of 22 patients with ISSNHL (study group) and 31 patients without ISSNHL and any neurological disorder (control group) between January 2013 and January 2021 in a tertiary university hospital were retrospectively evaluated in which the volumes and percentages of gray and white matters of the brain, temporal lobe, and brainstem were calculated with an online MRI brain volumetry system known as fully automatic pipeline (vol2Brain).

Results:
It was found that the brain areas known as the hearing center had a smaller volume in patients with ISSHNL than in normal individuals. Age and gender were found to be effective in volumetric calculations.

Conclusıon:
Studies that can preserve brain volume for patients with ISSNHL can be included in treatment practices. More literature and clinical research are needed as there is no proven treatment for ISSNHL. Our study findings will support the literature in this regard.
Prenatal Ultrasound Imaging of Orofacial Clefts: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Yang Tze-Yi , Chang Tung-Yao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and CL with palate (CL/P), are relatively common congenital birth defects occurring in approximately 1 in 500 to 1 in 2500 live births. Detecting OFCs during prenatal ultrasound screening is crucial for informed decision-making and multidisciplinary medical care. This review provides a practical guide for routine and advanced screening for OFCs during mid-pregnancy. The Maarse classification system facilitates effective communication among the multidisciplinary team, categorizing OFCs into five types. Basic ultrasound views encompass coronal, sagittal, and axial imaging of the face and hard palate. Additional visualization techniques are employed in case of suspected anomalies during the initial screening. Advanced ultrasound views provided by the expert in prenatal OFC diagnosis include imaging of the posterior edge of the hard palate and the posterior part of the soft palate. Detected OFCs exhibit a range of severity and affect different structures, underscoring the importance of accurate detection and classification for appropriate treatment planning. Implementing a standardized screening protocol for OFCs is essential. By enhancing detection rates and enabling early diagnosis, prenatal ultrasound screening contributes to improved patient outcomes and facilitates timely intervention by the multidisciplinary team. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the significance of standardized protocols and specialized techniques for prenatal ultrasound screening of OFCs. Early detection and classification of these malformations play a vital role in comprehensive management, ensuring that affected individuals and their families receive the appropriate care and support they need.
Genetic Counseling of Fetal Microcephaly
Authors: Chien Shu-Chin , Chen Chih-Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFetal microcephaly is a small head with various losses of cerebral cortical volume. The affected cases may suffer from a wide range in severity of impaired cerebral development from slight to severe mental retardation. It can be an isolated finding or with other anomalies depending on the heterogeneous causes including genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infectious diseases, maternal alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders during pregnancy. It is often a lifelong and incurable condition. Thus, early detection of fetal microcephaly and identification of the underlying causes are important for clinical staff to provide appropriate genetic counseling to the parents and accurate management.
Landmark-guided versus Real-time Ultrasound-guided Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia Techniques: Paramedian Sagittal Oblique and Transverse Interlaminar Approach
Authors: Ökmen Korgün , Yıldız Durdu Kahraman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
There are different types of real-time ultrasound (US)-guided combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia techniques. We aimed to investigate the effect of real-time US-guided paramedian sagittal oblique (PSO), transverse interlaminar (TI) approach method, and landmark-guided (LG) CSE anesthesia.

Methods:
Ninety patients who underwent CSE block were included in the study. Patients were randomized into LG (n = 30), PSO (n = 30), and TI (n = 30) groups. The primary outcome was number of needle manipulations. The secondary outcomes are the number of attempts, needle visibility, procedure time, procedure success rate, catheter placement difficulty, posterior complex distance, and complications.

Results:
The number of needle manipulations was statistically significantly lower in the LG technique group (P < 0.000). When the number of attempts, the difficulty of catheter placement, and the procedure’s success rate were compared between the three groups, we did not find a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). In addition, when the procedure times were compared, the time measured for the LG group was statistically significantly lower than in the PSO and TI groups (P < 0.000).

Conclusion:
In the results of this study, the real-time US-guided CSE anesthesia application had a similar success and complication level with LG technique. The LG method had a shorter processing time and fewer needle manipulations.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic treatment via Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis in stem cells
Authors: Wu Tong , Zheng Fu , Tang Hong-Yi , Li Hua-Zhi , Cui Xin-Yu , Ding Shuai , Liu Duo , Li Cui-Ying , Jiang Jiu-Hui , Yang Rui-Li 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
The bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment for malocclusion often requires a long duration of around two to three years, which also may lead to some complications such as alveolar bone resorption or tooth root resorption. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a noninvasive physical therapy, has been shown to promote bone fracture healing. It is also reported that LIPUS could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment; however, how LIPUS regulates the bone metabolism during the orthodontic treatment process is still unclear.
AIM
To investigate the effects of LIPUS on bone remodeling in an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model and explore the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS
A rat model of OTM was established, and alveolar bone remodeling and tooth movement rate were evaluated via micro-computed tomography and staining of tissue sections. In vitro , human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were isolated to detect their osteogenic differentiation potential under compression and LIPUS stimulation by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and Alizarin red staining. The expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP1), the actin cytoskeleton, and the Lamin A/C nucleoskeleton were detected with or without YAP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) application via immunofluorescence.
RESULTS
The force treatment inhibited the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs; moreover, the expression of osteogenesis markers, such as type 1 collagen (COL1), runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN), decreased. LIPUS could rescue the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with increased expression of osteogenic marker inhibited by force. Mechanically, the expression of LaminA/C, F-actin, and YAP1 was downregulated after force treatment, which could be rescued by LIPUS. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs increased by LIPUS could be attenuated by YAP siRNA treatment. Consistently, LIPUS increased alveolar bone density and decreased vertical bone absorption in vivo. The decreased expression of COL1, OCN, and YAP1 on the compression side of the alveolar bone was partially rescued by LIPUS.
CONCLUSION
LIPUS can accelerate tooth movement and reduce alveolar bone resorption by modulating the cytoskeleton-Lamin A/C-YAP axis, which may be a promising strategy to reduce the orthodontic treatment process.
NON – IgE – MEDIATED GASTROINTESTINAL FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Živanović Mirjana , Atanasković–Marković Marina 
Published: March 2024

Nutrition allergy is unfavorable immune response to food proteins. Non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy includes spectrum of disorders which are more uncommon that IgE- mediated food allergies. Their diagnosis is mainly done by clinical features cause the absence of specific biomarkers. Non-IgE-mediated food allergies include: food protein-induced enterocolitis sydrome (FPIES), food-protein induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food-protein induced allergic enteropathy (FPE), food protein induced dysmotility disorders (GERD) and mixed type diseases for examp. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In most cases non-IgE-mediated food allergy have a good prognosis and resolving during childhood.
RESPONDING TO REQUESTS IN CAMEROON FRENCH
Authors: Farenkia Bernard Mulo 
Published: March 2024

The focus of this paper is on request responses by Cameroon French speakers. Data were collected from 81 French-speaking Cameroonian university students. The analysis focused on the types of request responses (preferred, dis-preferred or open-ended) and the types and linguistic realizations of the speech acts (head acts and external modifiers) used to respond to requests. Request response strategies were also examined in terms of rapport management. The results showed that the participants mostly used compliance-responses. It was also found that positive responses to requests were mostly realised using combinations of agreements and/or promises to perform the requested act and external modifiers, while negative responses to requests were realized using combinations of refusals and/or reprimands and external modifiers. The few cases of open-ended responses to requests displayed combinations of aspects of compliance and elements non-compliance responses. The analysis also revealed social variation in the use of the three types of request responses. While the study expands the scope of research on the pragmatics of Cameroon French, it calls for further research on request responses.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0753/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE INTEGRATED APPROACH IN ESL AND EFL CONTEXTS: THE PRACTICE IN GHANA AND GUINEA-CONAKRY
Authors: Owusu Sefa , Maomou Ekany 
Published: March 2024

<p>A key concept of the English language syllabus for both Ghana and Guinea-Conakry is the <em>integrated</em> <em>approach</em> (as opposed to the <em>segregated-skills</em> approach) to the teaching of language skills. Like the <em>communicative language teaching</em> method, the <em>integrated approach</em> exposes English language learners to authentic language and challenges them to interact naturally in the language. The designers of English language curriculum in Ghana and Guinea-Conakry believe that the <em>receptive</em> (listening and reading) and <em>productive</em> (speaking and writing) skills are interrelated and hence complementary, and they must not be taught separately. Teaching language skills separately in a language learning setting has been defined as the <em>traditional approach</em> to teaching a second or a foreign language. Teachers of English in Ghana and Guinea-Conakry are expected to move away from the <em>traditional approach</em> to the<em> integrated</em> <em>approach </em>to language teaching. This paper aims to find out whether teachers of English in Ghana and Guinea-Conakry are familiar with the <em>Integrated Language Teaching </em>method and are being employed in the ESL and EFL classrooms in Ghana and Guinea-Conakry respectively. <em>A classroom observation</em> and <em>a semi-structured interview</em> were conducted with 24 English language teachers from 4 junior high schools and 8 senior high schools in Ghana and 5 teachers of English from Saint-André Catholic School, Guinea-Conakry. The findings showed that there was a disparity between the curriculum developers’ expectations and classroom practice in Ghana and that the selection of teaching methodology was highly influenced by the thought that the students had to sit for high-stakes tests but not that they had to attain communicative competence. However, in Guinea-Conakry, teachers used the<em> Integrated Language Teaching </em>method because <em>speaking</em> is tested.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
VAŽNOST VIZUALIZACIJE U DIDAKTICI KNJIŽEVNOSTI: MOTIVACIJSKI FAKTOR ZA RAZVOJ ČITALAČKE SOCIJALIZACIJE? / THE IMPORTANCE OF VISUALIZATION IN LITERATURE DIDACTIC: MOTIVATIONAL FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF READING SOCIALIZATION?
Authors: Müller Mirela 
Published: March 2024

<p>Suvremena visokoškolska praksa zahtijeva odgovor na pitanje što čini "dobru" ili "prikladnu" tehniku vizualizaciju u didaktici književnosti? Međutim, na ovo se pitanje ne može odgovoriti ambivalentno, budući da se konteksti uporabe uvelike razlikuju, a naposljetku je istina da dobar učitelj zapravo može koristiti različite svrishodne tehnike kako bi pospješio čitateljske navike mlade generacije. Bavljenje slikama kao zasebnim aspektom kompetencije ulazi i upotreba tehnike vizualizacije i prezentacije koje treba savladati, ali i vizualna pismenost također igra važnu ulogu. U radu se polazi od temeljne hipoteze da se uz pomoć tehnike vizualizacije u didaktici književnosti mogu povećati čitateljske navike učenika, posebice na stranom L2 jeziku. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 79 studenata preddiplomskih i diplomskih studija. Istraživanje je provedeno od 10. do kraja siječnja 2022. putem online upitnika na svim razinama studija među studentima Odsjeka za njemački jezik i književnost Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Istraživanja su pokazala da se metodom vizualizacije mogu poboljšati navike čitanja na stranom jeziku kod studenata koji studiraju L2 jezik.</p><p>Contemporary higher education practice requires an answer to the question of what makes a "good" or "appropriate" visualization in the didactics of literature? However, this cannot be answered with this absoluteness, since the contexts of use vary greatly, and ultimately it is true that a good teacher can actually use everything more or less purposefully: A bad text or a factually inadequate, graphically ambiguous visualization can very well be used in a later application step in a revision task can be used sensibly. Dealing with imagery as a separate aspect of competence flows into the visualization and presentation techniques to be learned, but visual literacy also plays an important role. The paper starts from the basic hypothesis that with the help of visualization of the didactics of literature, students' reading habits can be increased, especially in L2 foreign language. The study involved 79 undergraduate and graduate students. The research was conducted from 10 to the end of January 2022 via an online questionnaire at all levels of study among students at the Department of German Language and Literature on Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of University in Split. Research has shown that the visualization method can improve reading habits in a foreign language among students studying L2 language.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0661/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
A RYÛSUKE HAMAGUCHI MOVIE: ‘WALDEN'
Authors: Atay Simber 
Published: March 2024

<p>Ryûsuke Hamaguchi (1978) is one of the most important directors of contemporary cinema. He has won many awards with his films at the world's major film festivals such as Berlin, Cannes, and Venice and he received the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film in 2022 with his movie <em>‘Drive My Car’</em>. Hamaguchi’s <em>‘Walden’</em> (2022) is one of Hamaguchi's recent movies. <em>‘Walden’</em> is a co-production of Austria, and Japan, premiered at The Festival Viennale (2022). Within Hamaguchi’s relatively mainstream cinema poetics, the movie <em>‘Walden’</em> is an experimental work that invites the spectator to a deep contemplation. The film is a 2-minute, almost monochrome record of a water surface with reflections of trees, raindrops, vibration waves, water rings, bird songs, swarming insects, several sounds of nature, a floating leaf, etc. In addition to the sounds of nature, the film includes a female voice excerpt with music from Douglas Sirk's <em>‘All That Heaven Allows’</em> (1955). Jean Wyman who is the protagonist “Cary Scott” of <em>‘All That Heaven Allows’</em>, reads some lines from Henry David Thoreau's book Walden (1854). This movie at the same time is a documentary record of a water surface; a free cinematographic adaptation of Henri David Thoreau's autobiographical book <em>‘Walden’</em>, a deep romantic landscape through continuous and random visual variations occurring on the surface and a crystallization of Hamaguchi’s style. Hamaguchi’s <em>‘Walden’</em> surface also becomes an interface where Hamaguchi the artist, and the spectator meet temporally to explore the noema of existence, nature, and cinema within a Heideggerian-verse. Besides the 2- minute durée of the film and its surface subject indicates a continuous oscillation between Kronos and Aion in the Deleuzian sense.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
HEALTH EDUCATION ON INSTAGRAM: HELP OR HYPE?
Authors: Graefen Bahar , Hasanli Shams , Jabrayilov Araz , Alakbarova Gulgaz , Tahmazi Khayala , Gurbanova Jamila , Fazal Nadeem 
Published: March 2024

<p>In recent years, Instagram has become the most popular tool among professional doctors in Azerbaijan for educating their patients. The use of the Instagram application aims to raise patients' awareness of the importance of taking care of their health and to increase their knowledge about their health conditions using modern services. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy and quality of medical content on Instagram as a health education tool. We conducted a survey to collect anonymous data from more than 205 respondents and summarized the following points. It included both closed-ended questions involving Likert scales. Students received a request to take part in the study by email from the researchers. The survey consisted of a series of questions related to Instagram usage for health information, perceived benefits, and content preferences. 65% of the respondents were already obtaining health information from Instagram before participating in the study. 15.1% of them frequently visit Instagram for health information while 5% had found the health information accessed there harmful. 71% of respondents think accessing health information in this way is beneficial but that the quality and usefulness of the content are average. 95% of respondents reported that the health information they obtained from the identical platform was not causing them any harm.<strong> </strong>The medical information shared on Instagram is generally considered useful and beneficial by the population, but it is desirable to improve the quality of the content.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0032/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>