bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'Année Psychologique et son réseau: lectures et fabrication d'une nouvelle discipline
Authors: Cordonnier-Vermes G. 
Published: November 2007

Summary: L'Année Psychologique and its network.
L'Année Psychologique founded by Binet and Beaunis in 1894 is, like other journals whose purpose it is to create and establish a network and a discipline, composed of original papers and bibliographical analyses. The latter are of two kinds : critical reviews and a bibliography. They take up 2/3 of the 600, then 1 000 pages of L'Année. Examining the way in which they are structured and their change in volume enables one to see the «material» and the «machines», the national and international network of the workers, and the ultimate goals set and regularly redefined during the first two decades of L'Année's existence. The bibliography was established in accordance with international standards, the analyses are organized in a way that displays the dynamic born out of the encounter of a frequently revised project with materials drawn from already existing sister disciplines (with a regular medium of publication). Presented in the original papers are the rare empirical studies of the members of the network. When Piéron took over L'Année in 1912 he continued to pursue the same editorial policy.
Key words : history, journal, L'Année Psychologique, 1894-1927.
Dyslexie développementale et attention visuo-spatiale
Authors: Marendaz Christian , Valdois S. , Walch Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Developmental dyslexia and visuo-spatial attention.
This paper gives an overview of the literature on the visuo-perceptual and visuo-attentional deficits of dyslexic children. The hypothesis that visuo-attentional problems cooccur with dyslexia was assessed through a task of search for a target among distractors. Serial-attentional visual processing was required in one task condition (searchfor 0 among Qs) whereas the other condition involved parallel/automatic processing (search for Q among 0 s). Ten dyslexic subjects constituted the experimental group. Their performance was compared to that of 20 non-dyslexic children, 10 matched for chronological age and 10 for reading age. The performance of dyslexic subjects was similar to that of children matched for chronological age in the parallel/automatic condition. In contrast, their performance differed by an increased search slope front that of the two control groups in the seriallattentional condition. These results suggest the existence of visuo-attentional deficits in dyslexic children.
Key words : visual search, parallel vs attentional processing, developmental dyslexia.
Reconnaissance de la parole et indices de segmentation métriques et phonotactiques
Authors: Banel M.-H. , Bacri N. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Trois expériences étudient les contributions relatives d'indices de segmentation métriques et phonotactiques à la reconnaissance des mots. La tâche consistait à détecter un mot monosyllabique situé au début d'une séquence bisyllabique sans signification, dont la structure métrique était celle d'un iambe (bref-long, structure usuelle des bisyllabes), d'un trochée (long-bref) ou d'un spondée (long-long). L'effet facilitateur du pattern trochaïque se produit même lorsque la structure phonotactique impose une segmentation, la consonne finale du mot ne pouvant être coarticulée avec le phonème suivant (expérience 1). Lorsque sont confrontés indices phonotactiques (discontinuité sylla-biquelliaison) et métriques (expérience 2), on constate à nouveau un gain en présence d'un trochée, mais pas d'interaction entre les deux dimensions étudiées. Quand les mots sont extraits des suites sans signification (expérience 3), leur contexte d'origine n'a pas d'effet sur leur reconnaissance. Les résultats sont discutés en référence aux mécanismes de traitement de la temporalité à l'œuvre dans la reconnaissance de la parole. On en conclut à un traitement séparé des informations structurales et prosodiques.
Mots-clés : perception de la parole, segmentation lexicale, indices phonotactiques, indices métriques.
La dénomination d'objets : théories et données
Authors: Ferrand Ludovic 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Picture naming : Theories and data.
This paper surveys recent developments of theories of picture naming. In a first part, current models of picture naming, specifically the logogen model, the two-step model, and the cascade model, are described. Then we present a multiple activation model of picture naming in which we assume that both a direct (non-semantic) and an indirect (semantic) route can be used. The second part surveys the main experimental results obtained with normals (frequency effects, repetition priming, semantic and phonological priming) and neurologically impaired patients (phonological and semantic anomia).
Key words : picture naming, phonological and semantic priming.
La valeur discriminante de l'information qui individualise un objet et la connaissance de ses catégories d'appartenance
Authors: Drozda-Senkowska Ewa 
Published: November 2007

Summary: The discriminant value of information that individualizes an object and indicates its category membership.
This study examines with the tendency to neglect information pre-existing base rate in favor of individuating information. Subjects may have this tendency because they believe in the strong distinguishing value of individuating information. According to this hypothesis, the tendency to neglect information on pre-existing base rate should be weaken in two cases.
First, when the subjects have no knowledge of the categories that are mentioned and are not able to estimate the distinguishing value of the individuating information. Second, when subjects are acquainted with the categories but when, according to their knowledge, the characteristics of the individuating information do not correspond to the ones they see as distinguishing. Hence, by retelling Tversky and Kahneman's story of the lawyers and engineers, we can manipulate the type of job categories with which the subjects are presented. The results of a first experiment enabled us to justify subjects' choices. A second experiment showed the impact of the job selection on the discrepancy between the subjects' estimates and the results of calculations of the base rate, supporting the hypothesis.
Key words : individuating information, base rate, knowledge of the object, rationality.
Effet des structures globales sur l'amorçage harmonique en musique
Authors: Pineau Marion , Bigand Emmanuel 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Effect of global structures on harmoniepriming in music.
This study investigates the influence of global harmonic structures on priming effects in music, in keeping the local context constant. Subjects were presented eight-chord sequences. The harmonie context, created by the first six chords, was manipulated in order to vary the function of the last two chords. In one context the last chord was analysed as a tonic chord, and in the other as a subdominant chord. Considering these changes of harmonic function, the last chord was assumed to be more anticipated in the first context than in the second. The importance of the global context was revealed by lower completion judgements when sequences ended on an unexpected chord (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the global context effect was revealed by shorter processing times for the last chord when expected (priming effect). These results are discussed in reference to Bharucha's (1987) connectionist model of tonal cognition.
Key words : harmonic priming, musical expectations, connectionist model, global context.
Verticale subjective versus verticale posturale : une note sur l'étude de la perception de la verticale
Authors: Luyat Marion 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
La verticale étant présente à la fois au niveau de l'espace égocentré (verticale posturale) et au niveau de l'espace des objets (verticale subjective), l'étude de la perception de la verticale pose différents problèmes théoriques dont l'origine est souvent une certaine imprécision au niveau de la définition du type de verticale étudiée. Nous proposons, ici, une réflexion centrée sur les problèmes posés par la définition de cet objet d'étude et ses méthodes d'évaluation ainsi que sur le problème du lien entre la verticale posturale et la verticale subjective. Nous posons également la question de l'existence d'une perception directe de la verticale telle qu'elle est conçue habituellement, et nous examinons l'hypothèse selon laquelle cette perception serait dérivée de l'estimation de l'orientation du corps propre. Ces réflexions tentent d'éclairer la compréhension des processus impliqués dans la perception de la direction gravitaire.
Mots-clés : perception spatiale, verticale subjective, verticale posturale.
Catégorisation, formation de concepts et induction : rôle des informations perceptives et conceptuelles chez le jeune enfant
Authors: Berger C. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Categorization, concept formation and induction: The role of perceptual and conceptual information in young children.
This work studies the use of perceptual and conceptual information during the construction and use of categories. Different kinds of experiments are considered, whose nature seem to determine the subject's response. The focus of young children on perceptual information (specificly related to the shape of objects) is shown mainly by categorization tasks. Induction tasks, however, demonstrate that young children tend to focus on conceptual information when they generalize properties to new objects. The results observed in these different kinds of experiments are examined in order to propose a hypothesis concerning which aspects of objects are considered, as a function of the nature, the meaning and the aim of the task.
Key words : categorization, induction, development.
Similarité et catégorisation
Authors: Thibaut Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Similarity and categorization.
The present paper is a review of the literature dealing with current models of categorization and similarity estimation. The first part reviews models of concept representations based on notions such as features and dimensions. In the case of dimensional representations, each stimulus is defined as a point in a multidimensional space and the similarity between two stimuli is a function of the distance between the corresponding points in the space. In the case of feature representations, a stimulus is defined in terms of features and the similarity between two stimuli is a function of their common and distinctive features.
In the second part, we analyze the construction of the feature space that subjects refer to when they have to categorize a stimulus or estimate the similarity between two stimuli. We examine the influence of context and of naive theories on the estimation of similarity. The process of alignment is analyzed. We present a unified view of similarity and categorization based on the notion of a feature space while explaining the dissociations obtained between similarity and categorization.
Key words : similarity, categorization, concepts, theories.
Le développement de la localisation dans le temps chez des enfants de 5 à 9 ans de milieux socio-économiques différents
Authors: Godard Lucie , Labelle Marie 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Trois tests portant sur la localisation dans le temps ont été administrés à des enfants de la maternelle à la troisième année du primaire de deux milieux socio-économiques distincts. Nous avons étudié la connaissance du système de temps conventionnel, la capacité d'évaluer la durée entre le moment présent et un événement particulier et celle de juger de la relation entre deux moments. Les résultats sont discutés du point de vue des facteurs qui interviennent dans la maîtrise de la localisation dans le temps. Trois facteurs sont identifiés : l'élargissement du champ conceptuel, la possibilité d'associer le concept à des images mentales ou expériences personnelles et la médiation verbale.
Mots-clés : orientation temporelle, temps conventionnel, représentation temporelle, médiation verbale, acquisition.
Estimation de la durée chez des sujets jeunes et âgés : rôle des processus mnésiques et attentionnels
Authors: Vanneste Sandrine , Perbal Séverine , Pouthas Viviane 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Estimation of duration in young and aged subjects : The role of attentional and memory processes.
This paper questions the issue of age-related attentional and memory deficits in changes in time estimation with aging. Performances of younger (20-30 year-olds) and older adults (60-69 and 70-80 year-olds) were compared in two experiments, using tasks varying the attentional cost and memory operations required to perform the temporal task. The first experiment showed that reproductions of three target durations (5, 14 and 38 seconds) were as accurate and as consistent for older adults as for younger ones in a simple temporal task, for which subjects had only to evaluate time intervais during which they must count aloud. Nevertheless, older adults temporal reproductions were impaired (underestimated durations and variable temporal judgments) when they had to reproduce a time interval during which they had to share their attention between temporal processing and non-temporal processing (reading aloud digits). In the second experiment, reproduction and production performances were compared in the same double-task situation. The results showed that temporal judgments of older adults were compromised in the reproduction task, which required encoding and comparing two new durations in memory, whereas they were unimpaired in the production task, involving more simple memory operations (comparing an actual duration with a referent one stored in long term memory). These results are discussed in terms of joint effects of age-related attention and memory deficits.
Keywords : aging, temporal estimation, memory and attentional processes, double-task.
Effets immédiats ou différés du connecteur « parce que » dans la compréhension de phrases ? Réexamen du modèle de Millis et Just (1994)
Authors: Mouchon S. , Ehrlich Marie-France , Loridant Catherine 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Immediate or delayed effects of the connective « because » in sentence comprehension ? A reexamination of Millis and Just's (1994) model.
Millis and Just (1994) proposed a Connective Integration Model to account for the role ofa connective like because placed between two clauses of a sentence. According to this model, readers construct a representation of each clause before constructing a composite representation that encompasses both representations. The presence of a connective leads, at the end of the sentence, to the reactivation of the representation of the first clause and to a better integration of the two representations. Their experimental data showed two crucial effects due to the presence of a connective : longer reading time on the last word ofthe second clause and faster recognition ofthe verb of the first clause when recognition was tested after reading the second clause. Thus, this model emphasizes the delayed effects of the connectives. The present experiment is a modified replication ofthe first experiment conducted by Millis and Just. The same type of sentences and the same paradigm were used with two methodological modifications : The connective because appeared at the beginning ofthe second clause (its natural place) and not at the end ofthe first clause, the propositions contained a variable and not a constant number of words. Our results did not confirm the effects observed by Millis and Just. The connective led to an immediate facilitating effect on the reading time of the first segment ofthe second clause, whereas it did not affect the reading time of the last segment. The connective led to a slower recognition of the verb of the first clause (desactivation), this effect being stronger in conditions involving a working memory load. Our results were compatible with an approach emphasizing the role of connectives as processing instructions. They were interpreted in the framework of Gernsbacher's (1989) theory.
Key words : connectives, comprehension, psycholinguistics.
Mémoire de travail et production langagière : comparaison de l'oral et de l'écrit chez les adultes et les enfants
Authors: Bourdin Béatrice 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
L'objectif de cette revue de travaux est d'étudier dans une perspective cognitive et développementale le rôle de la mémoire de travail en production langagière, et plus particulièrement en production écrite. Il s'agit de montrer comment la capacité de la mémoire de travail peut déterminer les différences individuelles et développementales observées en production langagière. Après avoir présenté les recherches portant sur la relation entre la mémoire de travail et la production langagière (orale, écrite), cet article mettra plus particulièrement l'accent sur le coût cognitif consécutif à la mise en œuvre des processus conceptuel, linguistique et articulatoire, en soulignant les spécificités de l'écrit. Enfin, l'idée selon laquelle les difficultés des enfants à produire des textes écrits se situent au niveau de la gestion procédurale des composants impliqués en production écrite, gestion contrainte par une instance de contrôle aux capacités limitées, sera développée.
Mots-clés : langage, mémoire de travail, charge cognitive, modalité orale/ écrite.
Étude des erreurs d'accord sujet-verbe au présent et à l'imparfait.Analyse comparative entre des collégiens et des adultes
Authors: Negro Isabelle , Chanquoy Lucile 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Study of subject-verb agreement errors with present and imperfect tense. A comparative analysis of 7th graders and adults.
The objective of this study was to analyze and to understand conditions for subject-verb agreement errors, in children and adults. We tested the influence of some parameters on the occurrence of these errors. Seventy-two pupils and students were orally proposed sentences to write down. The sentences were : « Noun 1 (subject) + Verb 1 + Noun 2 (object). Adverbial phrase + Pronoun 1 (refering to Noun 1) + Pronoun 2 (refering to Noun 2) + Verb 2. » The two nouns and the two pronouns were either matched or mismatched in number. Thus, an error appeared when the second verb agreed with the second pronoun instead of the first pronoun. The sentences were in the present and in the French past indicative (the « imperfect » tense), in order to compare the tense effect on the proportion of agreement errors. Moreover, the sentences were either followed or not by a series of five monosyllabic words (additive cognitive load). The hypotheses predicted that the proportion of agreement errors would increase when the verb was conjugated with the past indicative comparatively to the present, when the working memory was overloaded and when the pronouns mismatched. Results showed that the interaction between subject pronouns and object pronouns was significant for the two tenses and the two age groups. Writers made more errors when the two pronouns differed in number. The cognitive load had a significant effect only for the present tense in children and adults. Thus, in French, it seems that the agreement of a verb involves different cognitive resources as a function of the tenses used in sentences. However, there was no generai tense effect on the proportion of agreement errors.
Key words : agreement errors, writing, developmental perspective.
Vitesse du processus et temps partagé : planification et concurrence attentionnelle
Authors: Hoc Jean - Michel , Amalberti R. , Plee Gwenaëlle 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Process speed and time-sharing : Planning and attentional concurrence.
This experiment, carried out on a dynamic microworld described to the subjects as the command of units fighting against forest fires, reproduces the results of a previous experiment (Hoc & Moulin, 1994), which showed a stability in performance between a high and a low process speed. By interposing a medium speed between the two extreme speeds, the present experiment showed an optimum effect that provides us with more evidence in favour of a strategy shift. Performance stability can be interpreted as the result of shifting from a reactive strategy to an anticipative one progressively reaching the subjects' competency limit. On the other hand, by introducing conditions of time-sharing task management (several fires), a progressive improvement in performance was shown in relation to the reduction of attentional concurrence at the planning step.
Key words : dynamic situation, process speed, time-sharing, planning, attention.
Le traitement en temps réel des marques morphologiques d'accord dans des phrases en français
Authors: Lambert Ludovic , Kail M 
Published: November 2007

Summary : On-line processing of morphological agreement in French sentences.
This study examined on-line processing of verbal and nominal agreement in French sentences. In a grammaticality judgment experiment, subjects were asked to detect as quickly as possible agreement violations : number and/or person in verbal agreement and gender and/or number in nominal agreement. Two factors were manipulated : 1) predictability (number of cues predicting an agreement) ; 2) violation size (number of dimensions violated).
As predicted by structural constraints, nominal violations (intraphrasal) were detected more rapidly than verbal ones (interphrasal). Predictability and violation size did have an effect on judgments of grammaticality but their interactions were more complex than predicted. As hypothesized, for verbal agreement, high predictability and small violation size lengthened detection times and increased errors. For nominal agreement, the pattern is reversed : low predictability and large violation size lengthened detection times and increased errors. These contrastive results obtained in French are discussed in the light of some factors : structural and perceptive ones. They underline the necessity to conduct further studies on each type of agreement independently.
Key words : grammaticality judgments, on-line sentence processing, verbal agreement, nominal agreement.
Rôle de la coarticulation dans la reconnaissance des mots
Authors: Nguyen Noël 
Published: November 2007

Summary : The role of coarticulation in word recognition.
Recent experiments dealing with the role of coarticulatory effects in word recognition are reviewed. In contrast to a longstanding view, these studies tend to show that lexical access is not based upon an abstract phonological representation ofthe speech signal. Perceptual data collected using different experimental paradigms (gating, lexical decision, cross-modal priming, etc.) show on the contrary that listeners may be directly sensitive to small coarticulatory eues in the identification ofwords. The input to the lexical search seems therefore to be a detailed phonetic representation incorporating information about the fine-grained acoustic structure of speech. Implications for current models of word recognition are discussed.
Key words : coarticulation, word recognition, speech perception.