bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidatus Symbiothrix dinenymphae: bristle‐like Bacteroidales ectosymbionts of termite gut protists
Authors: Hongoh Yuichi , Sato Tomoyuki , Noda Satoko , Ui Sadaharu , Kudo Toshiaki , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMany reports have stated that flagellated protists in termite guts harbour ectosymbiotic spirochetes on their cell surface. In this study, we describe another bristle‐like ectosymbiont affiliated with the order Bacteroidales. The 16S rRNA phylotype Rs‐N74 predominates among Bacteroidales clones obtained from the gut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus. An Rs‐N74 phylotype‐specific probe was designed in this study and used for detection of the corresponding bacteria in the gut by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Surprisingly, the signals were detected specifically from the bristle‐like ‘appendages’ of various flagellate species belonging to the genus Dinenympha; these ‘appendages’ had been believed to be spirochetal ectosymbionts or structures of the protists. The Rs‐N74 bacteria attached to the cell surface of the protists by a tip and coexisted with the spirochetal ectosymbionts. An electron micrograph revealed their morphology to be similar to a typical Bacteroidales bacterium. This bacterium is proposed to represent a novel genus and species, ‘Candidatus Symbiothrix dinenymphae’, phylogenetically affiliated with a cluster consisting exclusively of uncultured strains from termite guts. A Bacteroidales‐specific probe for FISH further revealed that this type of symbiosis exists also in various other protists, including parabasalids and oxymonads, and is widespread in termite guts.
Environmental significance of O‐demethylation of chloroanisoles by soil bacterial isolates as a mechanism that improves the overall biodegradation of chlorophenols
Authors: Goswami Mandira , Recio Eliseo , Campoy Sonia , Martín Juan Francisco , Coque Juan‐José R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe biodegradation rate of chlorophenols in the environment seems to be limited by a competitive mechanism of O‐methylation which produces chloroanisoles with a high potential of being bioconcentrated in living organisms. In this work we report for the first time the isolation of three soil bacterial strains able to efficiently degrade 2,4,6‐trichloroanisole (2,4,6‐TCA). These strains were identified as Xanthomonas retroflexus INBB4, Pseudomonas putida INBP1 and Acinetobacter radioresistens INBS1. In these isolates 2,4,6‐TCA was efficiently metabolized in a minimal medium containing methanol and 2,4,6‐TCA as the only carbon sources, with a concomitant release of 3 mol of chloride ion from 1 mol of 2,4,6‐TCA, indicating complete dehalogenation of 2,4,6‐TCA. 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) was identified as a degradative intermediate, indicating that 2,4,6‐TCA underwent O‐demethylation as the first step in the biodegradation process. 2,4,6‐TCP was further transformed into 2,6‐dichloro‐para‐hydroquinone (2,6‐DCHQ) and subsequently mineralized. The degradation of chloroanisoles could improve the overall biodegradation of chlorophenols in the environment, because those chlorophenols previously biomethylated might also be later biodegraded. Xanthomonas retroflexus INBB4 has two O‐demethylation systems: one is an oxygenase‐type demethylase, and the other is a tetrahydrofolate (THF)‐dependent O‐demethylase. On the contrary O‐demethylation of 2,4,6‐TCA in P. putida INBP1 is just catalysed by an oxygenase‐type NADH/NADPH‐dependent O‐demethylase, whereas in A. radioresistens INBS1 a THF‐dependent O‐demethylase activity was detected.
Growing Pains: Commentary on the Field of Posttraumatic Growth and Hobfoll and Colleagues’ Recent Contributions to it
Authors: Butler Lisa D. 
Published: June 2007

The field of research on benefit‐finding and growth following traumatic experience lacks consensus with respect to some central conceptual questions, and a number of these issues are apparent in the research reported by Stevan Hobfoll and his colleagues. In this commentary I briefly discuss, and at times dispute, some of the assertions and assumptions in this target article that I believe reflect these broader issues, including that: psychosocial gains (or benefits) and psychological growth are equivalent, reporting gains (or benefits) represents maladaptive efforts at coping, posttraumatic growth (PTG) is necessarily linked with positive psychological adjustment, and trauma symptoms represent poor adjustment following traumatic event exposure. I also discuss the intriguing proposal of this research: that action is essential to true growth.Les recherches sur la maturation et les avantages que l’on peut tirer d’une expérience traumatisante sont en désaccord sur des aspects théoriques majeurs, et certains de ces problèmes apparaissent dans l’étude présentée par Stevan Hobfoll et ses collègues. Dans ce commentaire, je discute brièvement et parfois conteste certaines des affirmations et hypothèses de cet article de référence qui, je pense, renvoie à des questions plus vastes telles que: les gains (ou bénéfices) psychosociaux et le développement psychologique sont équivalents; signaler des gains (ou des bénéfices) représente un effort inapproprié pour faire face à la situation; le développement post‐traumatique est nécessairement en relation avec une adaptation psychologique positive; les symptômes traumatiques traduisent une adaptation faible suite à l’exposition à l’évènement pénible. Je discute aussi cette idée curieuse selon laquelle l’action est essentielle au vrai développement.
Posttraumatic Growth as a Cognitive Process with Behavioral Components: A Commentary on Hobfoll et al. (2007)
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Forstmeier Simon , Maercker Andreas 
Published: June 2007

The commentary highlights some of the key points to emerge from the paper by Hobfoll, Hall, Canetti‐Nisim, Galea, Johnson, and Palmieri (2007, in this issue) about the relationship between posttraumatic growth and action, psychological functioning, and cognitive processing. In our commentary, we question the sequence of steps that Hobfoll et al. took to critique current theoretical cognitive models of posttraumatic growth. On the basis of the Janus‐face model (Maercker & Zöllner, 2004) of posttraumatic growth, we argue that, in addition to a cognitive core, posttraumatic growth may, but does not necessarily, involve an action component.Ce commentaire souligne quelques‐unes des idées maîtresses de l’article de Hobfoll & al. concernant la relation existant entre le développement post‐traumatique et l’action, le fonctionnement psychologique et les processus cognitifs. Nous nous interrogeons sur les étapes que les auteurs retiennent pour critiquer les modèles cognitifs théoriques actuels du développement post‐traumatique. A partir du modèle bifacial de Maercker & Zöllner, nous défendons l’idée qu’en plus d’un noyau cognitif le développement post‐traumatique peut s’accompagner d’une composante action, mais que ce n’est pas nécessaire.
Posttraumatic Growth: Action and Reaction
Authors: Johnson Robert J. , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Hall Brian J. , Canetti‐Nisim Daphna , Galea Sandro , Palmieri Patrick A. 
Published: June 2007

We respond to the commentators who raise several key issues. Points of agreement include the need to incorporate several new concepts within the broader umbrella of posttraumatic growth (PTG), a need to understand more of the context under which PTG might have positive, negative, or limited influence, and a need to understand aspects of persons and populations who might use PTG in different ways. A major point of disagreement remains with the original formulation of PTG which poses PTG as a universally positive contribution to well‐being, or even that it is beneficial in its own right. Illusion may have positive aspects, but we remain interested in the idea that it is most beneficial when translated into action. Some of these actions may be cognitive, but they should in such instances have lasting meaning for individuals’ lives. Too often, PTG represents the belief that one has grown in some deep way, without validation of that depth of experience.Il nous faut répondre aux commentateurs qui soulèvent plusieurs questions importantes. Les points d’accord concernent la nécessité d’introduire de nouveaux concepts sous la notion générale de développement post‐traumatique (PTG), de mieux cerner les contextes où le PTG peut avoir une influence positive, négative ou limitée et d’évaluer les dimensions des personnes et des populations susceptibles d’exploiter le PTG de différentes façons. Le désaccord majeur porte sur la définition originelle du PTG qui implique que celui‐ci contribue au bien‐être de façon universellement positive, ou même qu’il est en lui‐même source de bénéfices. L’illusion peut avoir des retombées positives, mais nous restons convaincus qu’elle est plus efficace quand elle s’investit dans l’action. Certaines de ces actions peuvent être d’ordre cognitif, mais elles doivent en ce cas revêtir une signification durable pour l’existence de l’individu. Trop souvent le PTG se résume à la conviction que l’on a mûri en profondeur sans qu’il y ait la moindre preuve de cette évolution profonde.
Posttraumatic Growth and Resilience to Trauma: Different Sides of the Same Coin or Different Coins?
Authors: Westphal Maren , Bonanno George A. 
Published: June 2007

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is an appealing but poorly understood construct. Hobfoll, Hall, Canetti‐Nisim, Galea, Johnson, and Palmieri's (2007) insightful paper highlights important weaknesses in existing theory and data. Although we commend Hobfoll et al. for offering a provocative new way to conceptualise PTG in terms of action‐focused growth, we also find a number of limitations in their approach. In this article, we attempt to place PTG within a broader framework of individual differences in response to potential trauma. As in most of the literature on PTG, Hobfoll et al. implicitly equate growth with resilience or view it as superior to resilient outcomes. We argue, however, that many if not most people are resilient in the face of trauma and that resilient outcomes typically provide little need or opportunity for PTG. We close by exploring the literature on resilience for possible mechanisms underlying a link between PTG and adaptation. For example, Hobfoll et al. dismiss some forms of reported growth as illusory. In contrast, we review evidence for the adaptive value of self‐enhancing illusions in coping with adversity.Le développement post‐traumatique (PTG) est un concept attrayant mais insuffisamment approfondi. L’article stimulant de Hobfoll & al. met en relief des carences significatives dans les données et théories existantes. Bien que nous approuvions Hobfoll & al. quand ils présentent une conception aussi nouvelle que provocante du PTG en terme de développement centré sur l’action, nous estimons aussi que cette approche a ses limites. On essaie, dans cet article, de replacer le PTG dans le cadre plus vaste des différences individuelles en réponse au traumatisme potentiel. Comme souvent dans la littérature sur le PTG, Hobfoll & al. assimilent le développement à la résilience ou le considèrent comme supérieur aux conséquences de la résilience. Nous défendons au contraire l’idée que beaucoup de gens, voire la plupart, sont résilients face au traumatisme et que les apports de la résilience peuvent se passer ou n’offrent habituellement que peu d’opportunités au PTG. On termine en examinant la littérature sur la résilience à la recherche d’éventuels processus sous‐tendant un lien entre PTG et adaptation. Par exemple, Hobfoll & al. rejettent certains témoignages de développement comme relevant de l’illusion; nous avons par contre relevé des preuves que des illusions valorisant le moi contribuent à l’adaptation dans la lutte contre l’adversité.
Multilevel models for repeated measures research designs in psychophysiology: An introduction to growth curve modeling
Authors: Kristjansson Sean D. , Kircher John C. , Webb Andrea K 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPsychophysiologists often use repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze data collected in repeated measures research designs. ANOVA and MANOVA are nomothetic approaches that focus on group means. Newer multilevel modeling techniques are more informative than ANOVA because they characterize both group‐level (nomothetic) and individual‐level (idiographic) effects, yielding a more complete understanding of the phenomena under study. This article was written as an introduction to growth curve modeling for applied researchers. A growth model is defined that can be used in place of RMANOVAs and MANOVAs for single‐group and mixed repeated measures designs. The model is expanded to test and control for the effects of baseline levels of physiological activity on stimulus‐specific responses. Practical, conceptual, and statistical advantages of growth curve modeling are discussed.
Neuroticism is associated with larger and more prolonged electrodermal responses to emotionally evocative pictures
Authors: Norris Catherine J. , Larsen Jeff T. , Cacioppo John T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractElevated neuroticism is associated with increased psychological reactivity to stressors. Research on individual differences and physiological reactivity (e.g., electrodermal activity), however, has focused on clinical samples and measures of basal activity (e.g., nonspecific skin conductance responses) or responses to nonaffective stimuli. Surprisingly, there is a dearth of work on physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli as a function of neuroticism. Thus, the authors sought to examine the relationship between neuroticism and skin conductance reactivity to emotionally evocative pictures in a nonclinical sample. Individuals higher in neuroticism exhibited both greater skin conductance reactivity to emotional (and particularly aversive) pictures as well as more extended reactivity than did emotionally stable individuals. Implications for health are discussed.
msatcommander: detection of microsatellite repeat arrays and automated, locus‐specific primer design
Authors: FAIRCLOTH BRANT C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract msatcommander is a platform‐independent program designed to search for microsatellite arrays, design primers, and tag primers using an automated routine. msatcommander accepts as input DNA sequence data in single‐sequence or concatenated, fasta‐formatted files. Search data and locus‐specific primers are written to comma‐separated value files for subsequent use in spreadsheet or database programs. Binary versions of the graphical interface for msatcommander are available for Apple OS X and Windows XP. Users of other operating systems may run the graphical interface version using the available source code, provided their environment supports at least Python 2.4, Biopython 1.43, and wxPython 2.8.
msatcommander is available from http://code.google.com/p/msatcommander/.
Microcalorimetry: a novel method for detection of microbial contamination in platelet products
Authors: Trampuz Andrej , Salzmann Simone , Antheaume Jeanne , Daniels Alma U. 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: Measuring heat from replicating microorganisms in culture may be a rapid, accurate, and simple screening method for platelets (PLTs). Microcalorimetry for detection of microorganisms in in vitro contaminated PLT products was evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans were inoculated in single‐donor apheresis PLTs to achieve target concentrations of 105, 103, 10, or 1 colony‐forming units (CFU) per mL of PLTs. Contaminated PLTs in growth medium were incubated at 37°C for 5 days in a calorimeter. Positivity was defined as heat flow of at least 10 µW above the lowest value of the power–time curve.RESULTS: With microcalorimetry, inocula of 10 CFUs per mL PLTs could be detected with the following detection times: S. epidermidis (31.65 hr), S. aureus (24.24 hr), S. sanguinis (7.82 hr), E. coli (7.53 hr), P. acnes (73.57 hr), and C. albicans (43.77 hr). The detection time was less than 4 hr at 105 CFUs per mL PLTs for S. aureus, S. sanguinis, and E. coli. Noncontaminated PLTs remained negative. The total heat ranged from 2.8 (S. sanguinis) to 8.3 J (E. coli).The shape of the power–time curve was species‐specific and independent from the initial concentration of microorganisms.CONCLUSION: The detection limit of microcalorimetry was 1 to 10 CFUs per mL PLTs. Microcalorimetry is a promising novel method for detection of contaminated PLTs. Applying this method to all PLT products could reduce the frequency of transfusion‐related sepsis and prolong the shelf life of PLTs.
Hepatitis C antibody intraassay correlation: is retest in duplicate necessary?
Authors: Contreras Ana M. , Tinoco Erendi , Celis Alfredo , Novelo Bárbara , Romero M.V. Patricia , Carrada Etelvina , Jiménez‐Méndez Ricardo ,   donHCVir Mexican Study Group
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND:The hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV) can be identified with third‐generation immunoassays. The purpose of this study was to define the correlation or agreement between first and second reactive results of anti‐HCV microparticle‐based enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) and of chemiluminescence assays (ChLIAs) in blood donors, to determine whether repeat testing is necessary.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Commercially available assays, third‐generation HCV MEIA (Abbott), third‐generation HCV ChLIA (Ortho), and third‐generation HCV ChLIA (Abbott), were used to evaluate anti‐HCV repeatedly reactive blood obtained from donations made at 23 Mexican blood centers over a period of 1 year. The intraassay correlation between first and second reactive anti‐HCV tests with the Pearson r test and the coefficient of variation (CV) were determined.RESULTS:The intraassay correlation of 565 anti‐HCV repeatedly reactive samples was 0.996 for the Abbott third‐generation HCV MEIA, 0.995 for the Ortho third‐generation HCV ChLIA, and 0.993 for the Abbott third‐generation HCV ChLIA. The CVs of these assay systems were 2.82, 5.33, and 5.69 percent, respectively.CONCLUSION:A highly significant intraassay correlation between anti‐HCV duplicates was found. Specimens with a single reactive anti‐HCV result with the Abbott third‐generation HCV MEIA, Ortho third‐generation HCV ChLIA, and Abbott third‐generation HCV ChLIA assays should be considered as positive and need not be retested. Such a change in the algorithm for blood donor screening is feasible because of the availability of highly automated platforms.
ADAMTS13 activity and the presence of acquired inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus–related thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Gunther Karen , Garizio Dominique , Nesara Paul 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). It is generally assumed that acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency is due to the presence of autoantibody inhibitors, but limited data are available regarding ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors in such patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: By use of a collagen‐binding assay, ADAMTS13 activity was analyzed at presentation in 20 patients with HIV‐related TTP. The presence of inhibitors in patients with reduced ADAMTS13 activity was assessed with mixing studies. The correlation between ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors and other laboratory and clinical parameters was assessed.RESULTS: The patients fell clearly into two groups with regard to ADAMTS13 activity. Six patients (30%) had activity within the normal range, whereas the remaining 14 patients had severely reduced levels. Of the patients with reduced activity, only 5 patients had a detectable inhibitor whereas 8 showed no evidence of an inhibitor. There was significant correlation between normal ADAMTS13 activity and lower CD4 counts (p = 0.049). von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen levels were significantly higher in patients with reduced ADAMTS13 activity (p = 0.03). Low activity in the absence of a detectable inhibitor was associated with significantly higher D‐dimer levels (p = 0.01) and worse clinical outcome.CONCLUSION: The heterogeneity with regard to ADAMTS13 activity and the absence of inhibitors in the majority of patients indicate that other factors are important in the pathogenesis of HIV‐related TTP. VWF release and localized coagulation activation due to direct viral or cytokine‐mediated endothelial cell injury is likely to be playing a major role.
Ecological analysis of the relation between sunbeds and skin cancer
Authors: Faurschou Annesofie , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: June 2007

Background/purpose: Previous studies implicate sunbeds in skin cancer aetiology. Women use sunbeds considerably more than men and the relation between sunbed use and skin cancer formation may therefore be explored as a sex difference. This presupposes that the sunbathing habits and the distribution of sun vacations among men and women have not changed over the last decades.Methods: The incidence of new diagnosed cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) per year was provided. The numbers were grouped into sex and different age groups: 0–39, 0–44, 0–49 and 0–54 years. Linear regression analyses of time vs. incidence were performed from 1977 to 1989 and from 1990 to 2002. The slopes for men and women were compared. Data on the sunbathing habits and number of sun vacations for men and women were investigated.Results: The sunbathing habits and the distribution of sun vacations among men and women were constant from 1992 to 2002 but women used sunbeds three to four times more frequently than men. No significant difference in slopes was found in any age group for CMM or in the period 1977–1989 for BCC. However, the slopes differed significantly in almost all age groups for BCC from 1990 to 2002 (P≤0.05). Sufficient data for SCC did not exist.Conclusions: Sunbed use was associated with BCC but not with CMM.