bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a Modular Signalling Network from the Fly Interactome
Authors: Baudot Anaïs , Angelelli Jean-Baptiste , Guénoche Alain , Jacq Bernard , Brun Christine 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Signalling pathways relay information by transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors that eventually activate the transcription of target genes. Since signalling pathways involve several types of molecular interactions including protein-protein interactions, we postulated that investigating their organization in the context of the global protein-protein interaction network could provide a new integrated view of signalling mechanisms.

Results
Using a graph-theory based method to analyse the fly protein-protein interaction network, we found that each signalling pathway is organized in two to three different signalling modules. These modules contain canonical proteins of the signalling pathways, known regulators as well as other proteins thereby predicted to participate to the signalling mechanisms. Connections between the signalling modules are prominent as compared to the other network's modules and interactions within and between signalling modules are among the more central routes of the interaction network.

Conclusion
Altogether, these modules form an interactome sub-network devoted to signalling with particular topological properties: modularity, density and centrality. This finding reflects the integration of the signalling system into cell functioning and its important role connecting and coordinating different biological processes at the level of the interactome.
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in close proximity to the skin: a case report
Authors: Zagouri Flora , Sergentanis Theodoros N , Koulocheri Dimitra , Giannakopoulou Georgia , Nonni Aphrodite , Dardamanis Dimitrios , Michalopoulos Nikolaos V , Flessas Ioannis , Bramis John , Zografos George C 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy is a minimally invasive technique used increasingly for the assessment of mammographically detected, non-palpable breast lesions. The effectiveness of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy has been demonstrated on lesions both with and without microcalcifications. Given that the position of the lesion represents a major factor in stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy, targeting lesions in close proximity to the skin (superficial lesions) has been described as a problematic issue.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old woman presented with a newly developed, non-palpable lesion in her left breast. The lesion consisted of widely spread microcalcifications located approximately 5 mm from the skin. The lesion was isoechoic on ultrasound examination. Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy was scheduled (on the Fischer's table, using 11-gauge probes, under local anaesthesia). The vacuum-assisted breast biopsy probe was inserted antidiametrically into the breast, the probe reached the lesion and effort was made to excise the microcalcifications. As only a small proportion of the microcalcifications were excised an accurate diagnosis could not be expected. However, with the probe having entered the breast antidiametrically, the probe tip underlying the skin could be palpated. Following the palpation of the tip, the exact point was marked by a pen, the probe was removed and the patient was transferred to the surgery room to have the remaining lesion removed by a spindle-form excision under local anaesthesia. The mammogram of the removed specimen confirmed the total excision of the suspicious microcalcifications.

Conclusion
Isoechoic superficial lesions can be localized with a hook-wire and open breast biopsy under general or local anaesthesia can be performed. However, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy might offer an alternative solution and serve as an alternative approach to localize the lesion. The clinical significance of the present exploratory effort remains to be assessed in the future.
Pro-neural transcription factors as cancer markers
Authors: Vias Maria , Massie Charlie E , East Philip , Scott Helen , Warren Anne , Zhou Zongxiang , Nikitin Alexander Yu , Neal David E , Mills Ian G 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
The aberrant transcription in cancer of genes normally associated with embryonic tissue differentiation at various organ sites may be a hallmark of tumour progression. For example, neuroendocrine differentiation is found more commonly in cancers destined to progress, including prostate and lung. We sought to identify proteins which are involved in neuroendocrine differentiation and differentially expressed in aggressive/metastatic tumours.

Results
Expression arrays were used to identify up-regulated transcripts in a neuroendocrine (NE) transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer. Amongst these were several genes normally expressed in neural tissues, including the pro-neural transcription factors Ascl1 and Hes6. Using quantitative RT-PCR and immuno-histochemistry we showed that these same genes were highly expressed in castrate resistant, metastatic LNCaP cell-lines. Finally we performed a meta-analysis on expression array datasets from human clinical material. The expression of these pro-neural transcripts effectively segregates metastatic from localised prostate cancer and benign tissue as well as sub-clustering a variety of other human cancers.

Conclusion
By focussing on transcription factors known to drive normal tissue development and comparing expression signatures for normal and malignant mouse tissues we have identified two transcription factors, Ascl1 and Hes6, which appear effective markers for an aggressive phenotype in all prostate models and tissues examined. We suggest that the aberrant initiation of differentiation programs may confer a selective advantage on cells in all contexts and this approach to identify biomarkers therefore has the potential to uncover proteins equally applicable to pre-clinical and clinical cancer biology.
Rituximab Improves the Efficacy of High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autograft for High-Risk Follicular and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innnovative nei Linfomi Survey
Authors: Tarella Corrado , Zanni Manuela , Magni Michele , Benedetti Fabio , Patti Caterina , Barbui Tiziano , Pileri Alessandro , Boccadoro Mario , Ciceri Fabio , Gallamini Andrea , Cortelazzo Sergio , Majolino Ignazio , Mirto Salvo , Corradini Paolo , Passera Roberto , Pizzolo Giovanni , Gianni Alessandro M. , Rambaldi Alessandro 
Published: May 2008

Purpose To investigate the impact of adding rituximab to intensive chemotherapy with peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) autograft for high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLB-CL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Patients and Methods Data were collected from 10 centers associated with Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innnovative nei Linfomi for 522 patients with DLB-CL and 223 patients with FL (median age, 47 years) who received the original or a modified high-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy regimen. HDS was delivered to 396 patients without (R−) and to 349 patients with (R+) rituximab; 154 (39%) and 178 patients (51%) in the R− and R+ subsets, respectively, underwent HDS for relapsed/refractory disease. Results A total of 355 R− (90%) and 309 R+ patients (88%) completed the final PBPC autograft. Early treatment-related mortality was 3.3% for R− and 2.8% for R+ (P = not significant). Two parameters significantly influenced the outcome: disease status at HDS, with 5-year overall survival (OS) projections of 69% versus 57% for diagnosis versus refractory/relapsed status, respectively, and rituximab addition, with 5-year OS of 69% versus 60% in the R+ versus R− groups, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, these two variables maintained an independent prognostic value. The marked benefit of rituximab was evident in patients receiving HDS as salvage treatment: the 5-year OS projections for R+ versus R− were, respectively, 64% versus 38%, for patients with refractory disease or early relapse and 71% versus 57%, for patients with late relapse, partial response, or second/third relapse. Conclusion The results of this large series indicate that rituximab should be included in the current practice of PBPC autograft for DLB-CL and FL.
Induction Therapy for Poor-Prognosis Anal Canal Carcinoma: A Phase II Study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 9281)
Authors: Meropol Neal J. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Shank Brenda , Colacchio Thomas A. , Ellerton John , Valone Frank , Budinger Susan , Day Jeannette M. , Hopkins Judy , Tepper Joel , Goldberg Richard M. , Mayer Robert J. 
Published: May 2008

Purpose Although most patients with anal canal cancer are cured with sphincter-preserving, nonsurgical, combined-modality therapy, those with large tumors and lymph node involvement have a poor prognosis. To establish the safety and efficacy of induction chemotherapy with infusional fluorouracil (FU) plus cisplatin followed by FU plus mitomycin C with concurrent radiation in patients with poor-prognosis squamous cell cancers of the anal canal. Methods Patients with previously untreated anal canal cancers with T3 or T4 tumors and/or extensive nodal involvement (bulky N2 or N3) received two 28-day cycles of induction treatment with infusional FU plus cisplatin followed by two 28-day cycles of FU plus mitomycin C with concurrent split-course radiation. A third cycle of FU and cisplatin with radiation boost was given to patients with persistent primary site disease or bulky N2 or N3 disease at presentation. Results Forty-five assessable patients received protocol therapy. Treatment was generally well tolerated, and gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities were the most common. Induction chemotherapy resulted in eight complete and 21 partial responses. After induction, combined-modality, and boost therapy, 37 (82%) of 45 assessable high-risk patients achieved a complete response. After 4 years of follow-up, 68% of patients are alive, 61% are disease-free, and 50% are colostomy- and disease-free. Conclusion A combined-modality approach that includes induction treatment with FU and cisplatin followed by combined-modality therapy with FU, mitomycin C, and concurrent radiation results in long-term disease control in the majority of patients with poor-prognosis anal canal cancer.
Fatigue Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Aluminium Double Strap Joints
Authors: Nolting A. E. , Underhill P. R. , DuQuesnay D. L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The fatigue life and failure mode of double strap joints constructed from bare and clad aluminum alloys were examined. Substrate failures were found to occur at lower stress levels, while the failure mode at higher stresses was debonding of the patches. The stress/strain state at the edge of the patch was altered by changing the patch thickness, patch modulus, or by tapering the edges of the patch. The specimens were modeled using finite element analysis. The results of the finite element analysis revealed a power law relationship between fatigue life and either the peak principal strain in the adhesive for adhesive failures, or the nominal axial stress in the substrate for substrate failures. The fatigue life and failure mode of a double strap joint specimen can be determined by calculating the failure life for that specimen under adhesive and substrate failure. The failure mode with the shortest life will indicate the failure mode and fatigue life of that specimen.
Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux Effective in Preventing Pyelonephritis and Renal Scars? A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Pennesi Marco , Travan Laura , Peratoner Leopoldo , Bordugo Andrea , Cattaneo Adriano , Ronfani Luca , Minisini Silvia , Ventura Alessandro ,   for the North East Italy Prophylaxis in VUR study group
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVES. There has been intense discussion on the effectiveness of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux, and randomized, controlled trials are still needed to determine the effectiveness of long-term antibiotics for the prevention of acute pyelonephritis. In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we tested the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing recurrence of pyelonephritis and avoiding new scars in a sample of children who were younger than 30 months and vesicoureteral reflux.
METHODS. One hundred patients with vesicoureteral reflux (grade II, III, or IV) diagnosed with cystourethrography after a first episode of acute pyelonephritis were randomly assigned to receive antibiotic prophylaxis with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim or not for 2 years. The main outcome of the study was the recurrence of pyelonephritis during a follow-up period of 4 years. During follow-up, the patients were evaluated through repeated cystourethrographies, renal ultrasounds, and dimercaptosuccinic acid scans.
RESULTS. The baseline characteristics in the 2 study groups were similar. There were no differences in the risk for having at least 1 pyelonephritis episode between the intervention and control groups. At the end of follow-up, the presence of renal scars was the same in children with and without antibiotic prophylaxis.
CONCLUSIONS. Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis was ineffective in reducing the rate of pyelonephritis recurrence and the incidence of renal damage in children who were younger than 30 months and had vesicoureteral reflux grades II through IV.
Species of Aphis inhabiting European Oenothera: their biology, morphology and systematics (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Rakauskas Rimantas 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Information on the Aphis species that feed on evening primroses (Oenothera spp.) has been summarized in the catalogue of the aphid species inhabiting herbaceous plants of the world (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2006). Recent descriptions of the European species, A. holoenotherae (Rakauskas, 2007), that appeared to be a sibling of the American A. oenotherae, demonstrated the need of reexamining the current state of knowledge of the Aphis species inhabiting evening primroses in Europe. The present study, based on published original data, revealed nine aphid species of the genus Aphis which are capable of living on Oenothera plants in Europe. Only two of them are really dependent on Oenothera species during their life cycle: A. oenotherae Oestlund and A. holoenotherae Rakauskas. They have different life cycles and host plant spectrum, although they are very close in their morphology. Processus terminalis length appeared to be the most reliable morphological character in distinguishing between apterous and alate viviparous females, and males of A. oenotherae and A. holoenotherae at the present time. A. grossulariae is not a typical Oenothera-feeder in Europe, occurring on evening primroses only by chance. Other Aphis species (epilobiaria, fabae, sambuci, praeterita, frangulae, nasturtii), are opportunistic inhabitants of Oenothera plants. Information about host specificity and morphology of the Oenothera-inhabiting European Aphis species is summarized, and a key for the entire range of species found living on European Oenothera is provided.
An Approach to Optimization of an Enterprise's Activity
Authors: Gomółka Zdzisław 
Published: May 2008

An Approach to Optimization of an Enterprise's ActivityThe paper presents an approach to optimization of an enterprise's activity based on cybernetics and the theory of systems. The method proposed is based on the model describing optimum activity of an enterprise in a changing environment. The method assumes identification of the immanent objective of an enterprise's activity and conditions of this activity, as well as definition of the objective function in the form of optimisation criteria. The model facilitates proper identification of problems related to activity of an enterprise, their hierarchisation and evaluation as well as coordination of the optimisation ventures.
Nasal Irrigation Reduces Postirradiation Rhinosinusitis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Kai-Li , Kao Ta-Cheng , Lin Jin-Ching , Tseng Hung-Cheng , Su Mao-Chang , Hsin Chung-Han , Shiao Jiun-Yih , Jiang Rong-San 
Published: May 2008

Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck cancer in Taiwan. Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for NPC. The newer RT technique, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become popular in recent years. IMRT-induced rhinosinusitis is not uncommon in postirradiated NPC patients but the incidence and the disease course have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the IMRT effect on the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the efficacy of nasal irrigation on the management of RT-induced rhinosinusitis. Methods NPC patients who completed IMRT from October 2004 to May 2006 were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated to irrigation or nonirrigation groups. Patients in the irrigation group performed daily nasal irrigation until 6 months after RT. The severity of postirradiated rhinosinusitis was evaluated by nasal endoscopy, questionnaire, and computed tomography until a year after RT. Results One hundred seven postirradiated NPC patients completed the study. Among them, 44 patients performed daily nasal irrigation until 6 months after RT, and the other 63 patients did not perform nasal irrigation after RT. Patients in the irrigation group had significantly lower endoscopic and questionnaire scores than patients in the nonirrigation group (p = 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively) from pre-RT to 6 months after RT. The between-group differences were most obvious at the post-RT second and third months. Conclusion Rhinosinusitis is a common acute post-RT complication in NPC patients. Our results showed that nasal irrigation was a safe and effective method for the management of this acute complication.
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Study of the Effects of Vardenafil on Human Nasal Patency
Authors: Aydin Erdinc , Hizal Evren , Onay Ovsen , Ozgen Basak , Turhan Baris , Zaimoglu Murat , Peskircioglu Levent , Budakoglu Isil Irem 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundVardenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, may affect nasal patency because of its adverse-effect profile. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical study sought to assess the effect of vardenafil on nasal patency in patients at a university hospital.MethodsNasal patency was assessed using a visual analog score and by measuring the minimum cross-sectional areas (MCAs) and nasal cavity volumes with acoustic rhinometry in 14 subjects before and after administration of vardenafil. Measurements were repeated after administration of a local decongestant spray.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the nasal cavity volumes, MCA, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores before and after the administration of placebo. However, there was a significant increase in the nasal cavity volumes, MCAs, and VAS scores after application of the local decongestant. A significant correlation was found between MCAs and VAS scores (r = 0.96; p < 0.001). After administration of vardenafil, there was a significant increase in the degree of subjective sense of nasal obstruction as measured by VAS scores. Total nasal volumes showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). The congestion effect induced by the vardenafil was reversed after application of the local decongestant spray, and a significant increase in cross-sectional areas was noted. In the vardenafil group, a significant increase in MCA, total volume, and VAS scores was observed after application of the local decongestant (p < 0.05).ConclusionObjective and subjective nasal obstruction after administration of vardenafil was significantly higher in this study than in previously reported studies. The effect of congestion can be reversed by local decongestants. The role of PDE5 inhibitors in nasal physiology merits additional investigation.
Effect of Total Nasal Obstruction on Nocturnal Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Armengot Miguel , Hernandez Rosa , Miguel Patricia , Navarro Rafa , Basterra Jorge 
Published: May 2008

Background Nasal obstruction is considered a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), although the relationship has not been established clearly. This study explores the repercussion of total nasal packing on arterial oxygen saturation during the nocturnal resting hours and its implication in SDB. Methods Forty patients were subjected to total nasal packing after nasal surgery or epistaxis. In all cases the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was monitored with and without nasal packs, and the results were compared. Results Thirty-seven patients (92.5%) showed poorer oxygen saturation after nasal occlusion. Of these, 19 patients (47.5%) reached pathological desaturation (ODI ≥ 12). Desaturation was greater among obese subjects. Conclusion Total nasal packing causes significant nocturnal oxygen desaturation. This must be taken into account in the postoperative nasal packing of patients with respiratory failure, obesity, or SDB.
M. Joanna Mellor and Patricia Brownell (Eds.). Elder Abuse and Mistreatment: Policy, Practice, and Research. New York: Haworth Press, 2006.
Authors: McDonald Lynn 
Published: May 2008

RÉSUMÉIl ne fait aucun doute que les travailleurs sociaux non formés en soins à donner aux adultes plus âgés seront confrontés à des épisodes de violence à l'égard des aînés dans leur pratique de tous les jours. L'idée des co-rédacteurs en chef de produire un volume sur la violence faite aux aînés à l'intention des travailleurs sociaux en dehors du domaine de la gérontologie est donc une excellente idée. Le livre, co-publié simultanément avec la revue intitulée Gerontological Social Work, met l'accent sur les politiques et pratiques américaines avec des articles pertinents du Canada, y compris du Québec. Divisé selon les politiques, les pratiques, et les activités de recherche, le livre sert de collection d'articles à lire avec un intérêt particulier. À ce titre, cette collection aidera le praticien non familier avec les mauvais traitements et la violence faite aux aînés et sera aussi utile à l'étudiant et au spécialiste dans le domaine.
Toward a Continuous Learning System: Restructuring Sentencing and Supervision Practice in the District of Columbia
Authors: Hunt Kim S. 
Published: May 2008

The District of Columbia's criminal justice system is being restructured following Congress' enactment of the National Capital Revitalization Act of 1997, which will govern sentencing of all felony offenses committed on or after August 5, 2000. The Revitalization Act abolishes parole for offenders convicted of violent crimes. In addition, all District of Columbia prisoners will serve their felony sentences with the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and every felony prison sentence must be followed by a period of post-release supervision in the community. This paper reviews selected past, present, and likely future challenges to the District's sentencing and corrections system. It discusses the role to date of the Sentencing Commission, which, it is argued, provides a vehicle for creating a continuous learning system within the District of Columbia. A continuous learning system—a system that makes data-driven decisions and continuously monitors its environment to build knowledge for future action—would engage practitioners such as attorneys and probation officers, policymakers in the legislative, executive and judicial branches, and knowledge-builders including Commission members and staff.