bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein associated with stress exposure in rat brain by proteomic analysis
Authors: Kim Hong Gi , Kim Kil Lyong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe stress response alters behavior, autonomic function, and secretion of multiple hormones, including corticotropin‐releasing factor, adrenocorticotropin hormone, and cortisol, through the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Constitutive stress responses lead to a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other anxiety disorders through increased stress hormones and other unknown factors. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of rat brain exposed to restraint stress compared with a nonstress group by using 2D‐DIGE and MALDI‐TOF analysis. Several proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF), including down‐regulated hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein (HCNP‐pp). The current study demonstrates that HCNP‐pp mRNA and protein expression are decreased in rat hippocampus after stress exposure. The level of HCNP‐pp in H19‐7, a rat hippocampal cell line, significantly decreases with dexamethasone treatment, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Thus, this finding suggests that HCNP‐pp expression may decrease in response to stress exposure. Decreased HCNP‐pp from stress exposure may result in lower levels of HCNP that might contribute to a loss of acetylcholine production. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
They don't want to be temporaries: similarities between temps and core workers
Authors: Chambel Maria José , Castanheira Filipa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of employment status (temporary/regular) on the employee–organization relationship in samples from two firms employing both temps (n = 234) and regular or core (n = 204) workers. Temps and regular workers held similar beliefs regarding the nature of their employment relationship. However, among those temps for whom temporary work was their preferred status, the employment relationship was less socioemotional and more economic than was the case for other workers. When these temps preferred regular employment, their relationships were high socioemotional and low economic, comparable with that of core workers. A employee–organization relationship high on socioemotional terms was positively related to satisfaction with the organization, an attitude which in turn mediated the relationship between employment relationship and employees' performance and civic virtue behaviors (behaviors as assessed by their supervisors). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid densitometric method for simultaneous analysis of umbelliferone, psoralen, and eugenol in herbal raw materials using HPTLC
Authors: Dhalwal Kamlesh , Shinde Vaibhav M. , Mahadik Kakasaheb R. , Namdeo Ajay G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe term ‘phenolics’ refers to a vast array of biologically active compounds ubiquitous in plants, many of which have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Umbelliferone, psoralen, and eugenol are widely occurring phenolic compounds of plant origin, for which many biological activities against chronic diseases have been reported. A simple HPTLC method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of umbelliferone, psoralen, and eugenol. These three compounds were quantified in the dried fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos and in the fruit of Trachyspermum ammi and Foeniculam vulgare. The technique enables rapid and sensitive simultaneous analysis in different samples. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy in accordance with ICH guidelines. The accuracy of the method was checked by a recovery study conducted at three different levels and the average percentage recovery was found to be 98.88% for umbelliferone, 100.104% for psoralen, and 99.33% for eugenol. The proposed HPTLC method for the simultaneous quantification of umbelliferone, psoralen, and eugenol was found to be simple, precise, specific, sensitive, and accurate. It can be used for routine quality control of herbal raw materials as well as formulations containing any or all of these compounds.
Preparation and chromatographic properties of a multimodal chiral stationary phase based on phenyl‐carbamate‐propyl‐β‐CD for HPLC
Authors: Si Ahmed Kahina , Tazerouti Fairouz , Badjah‐Hadj‐Ahmed Ahmed Yacine , Meklati Brahim Youcef 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA phenylcarbamate derivative of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD bonded stationary phase was prepared by a previously described method. Its enantiomeric recognition abilities were evaluated as chiral stationary phase (CSP) in normal, polar organic and RP conditions by HPLC. The relevant structural features of the prepared stationary phase which make it an effective chiral selector are discussed. This material seems to have an excellent enantioselectivity for a variety of racemic analytes in the three modes. Hence it can be considered a highly effective multimodal column. Retention factor (k), selectivity (α) and resolution (Rs) were the chosen parameters to describe the column performance. Optimization of these separations was discussed in terms of mobile phase composition, flow rate and structural patterns of the injected analytes.
A strategy to develop fast RP‐HPLC methods using monolithic silica columns
Authors: El Deeb Sami , Preu Lutz , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSince the appearance of monolithic silica, much work has been done describing the properties of monolithic silica columns. Meanwhile the transferability of analytical methods from conventional to monolithic silica columns has been intensively investigated [1–5]. RP HPLC method development strategies for conventional columns should be updated or scaled to meet the higher performing monolithic column technology. Because of the high permeability of monolithic silica columns it should be possible to decrease the time for method development by applying high isocratic flow rates. Here we suggest a clear strategy for method development using monolithic columns. The strategy will be applicable for various sample compositions, e. g., acidic, basic, or neutral. The applicability of monolithic columns for especially complex separations of basic mixtures without the need of using a highly basic mobile phase that harms the column will be pointed out in this work. This work will describe in detail the actual method development process. For better understanding of our strategy, the influence of flow rate, column length, mobile phase composition, pH, and temperature will be discussed. Details about the application of a flow program will be mentioned.
Isolation and purification of lignans from Magnolia biondii Pamp by isocratic reversed‐phase two‐dimensional liquid chromatography following microwave‐assisted extraction
Authors: Zhao Weiquan , Zhou Tingting , Fan Guorong , Chai Yifeng , Wu Yutian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp are one of the most widely used medicinal plants officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A 2‐D column‐switching system without sample loop trapping, where two columns were switched directly via a six‐port two‐position switching valve, was successfully applied for the first time to the isolation and purification of five lignans including pinoresinol dimethyl ether, magnolin, epi‐magnolin A, fargesin, and demethoxyaschantin from M. biondii Pamp after microwave‐assisted extraction. The introduction of the six‐port switching valve instead of sample loop assured 100% recovery from the first dimension to the second, and the injection volumes of the second dimension could reach 12 mL. In this mode of operation, the solvent consumption of the 2‐D approach was less than 30% that of conventional gradient methods with even larger sample size. The simultaneous operations of the two dimensions allowed the cycle time to be less than 16 min, compared to 90 min in the gradient elution single‐dimension mode of operation. All of the five lignans were isolated at high purities of over 99% with approximately 95% recoveries.
A sensitive and selective RP‐HPLC method for simultaneous determination of picroside‐I and picroside‐II in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics studies
Authors: Lv Jing , Pan Liyi , Ye Yunhua , Zhou Yawei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA sensitive and selective HPLC method with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of picroside‐I and picroside‐II (active components of total glycoside of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell) was developed and validated in rat plasma. After simple deproteinization using acetonitrile, analysis was performed on an RP‐C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm id, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min used in a gradient elution program. The UV detection wavelength was set at 262 and 277 nm. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.10–50 μg/mL for picroside‐I and 0.25–200 μg/mL for picroside‐II. The lower limits of quantification were 0.1 and 0.25 μg/mL for picroside‐I and picroside‐II, respectively. The recoveries from spiked control samples were up to 80% for both picroside‐I and picroside‐II. Accuracy and precision of the validated method were both within the acceptable limits of <15% at three quality control concentrations. The analytes were stable after three freeze–thaw cycles. The method was successfully used to determine concentrations of picroside‐I and picroside‐II after intravenous administration of total glycoside of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell to rats.
An NIC‐based negative resistance circuit for microwave active filters
Authors: Sussman‐Fort Stephen E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents a method for synthesizing a negative resistance in MMIC technology. The circuit employed is a classical negative impedance converter (NIC) that has been terminated in an RLC one‐port specially designed to compensate for the parasitics of the active and passive elements. The procedure, which effectively translates a nonideal NIC design task into a well‐defined one‐port synthesis problem, is demonstrated in computer simulation for a four‐transistor MMIC network which achieves a purely real input resistance of −100 Ω over 1.5–2.5 GHz. An important application for NIC‐based circuits of this type is in the design of microwave active filters. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The method of angular lines to solve cylindrical electromagnetic boundary‐value problems
Authors: Ma Jian‐Guo , Wolff Ingo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA method for solving cylindrical electromagnetic boundary‐value problems is presented. The method is semidiscrete. The wave equation is written in cylindrical coordinates and a differential‐discretizing process is used in angular direction, and in the radial direction the analytic solutions are used. The new method is called the method of angular lines (MAL). To confirm the validity of MAL Dirichlet‐ and Neumann‐type boundary‐value problems of a two‐dimensional scalar wave equation are investigated. The results show good agreement with previously published results. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Waveguide mode solution using a hybrid edge element approach
Authors: Wilkins Gregory M. , Swaminathan Madhavan , Lee Jin‐Fa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA hybrid edge element approach for the computation of waveguide modes is presented. The electric field is decomposed into its transverse and longitudinal components, which are modeled in terms of two‐dimensional edge elements and scalar nodal elements, respectively, thereby satisfying the Dirichlet boundary condition at the perfect electric conductor boundaries and dielectric interfaces. Failure to do so results in the generation of spurious modes. This approach allows for the modeling of a three‐dimensional field quantity over a two‐dimensional boundary, namely the waveguide cross section. Another approach, the method of moments, serves as an excellent means of verifying the results obtained through use of hybrid edge elements. A comparison of the results obtained from both techniques are presented, along with the associated field plots obtained from the hybrid edge element approach for several geometries.
New applications of harmonic balance analysis
Authors: Odyniec Michal , Overstreet William 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article shows how the theory of averaging extends applications of harmonic balance analysis. Two examples are given: (i) a new approach to high‐Q oscillators, which results in an analysis of slowly varying envelope of oscillations rather than the oscillations themselves; and (ii) a rigorous analysis of frequency lock and of stability of multiple solutions in synchronized oscillators. Both results can be directly applied to diode and transistor oscillators and can also serve as benchmarks in testing nonlinear simulators. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A hybrid‐ring directional coupler with modified ring impedances and two compensation stubs
Authors: Rosloniec Stanislaw 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNew explicit formulas for calculating the scattering parameters of a modified hybrid‐ring directional coupler are presented. It is also shown how port junction discontinuities of real couplers of this type, employed as equiphase antenna dividers, can be effectively compensated by using a pair of short open‐circuited transmission line stubs. The efficacy of the proposed approach is illustrated both by theoretical and by experimental results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
An NIC‐based negative capacitance circuit for microwave active filters (invited article)
Authors: Sussman‐Fort Stephen E. , Billonnet Laurent 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents a method for synthesizing a negative capacitance in MMIC technology, and extends our earlier work (S. E. Sussman‐Fort, Int. J. MIMICAE, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 1994, pp. 130‐139) involving the realization of MMIC negative resistance. As before, we employ a classical negative impedance converter (NIC) that has been terminated in an RLC one port specially designed to compensate for the parasitics of the active and passive elements. We argue that, in most cases, this one port will be physically realizable, and we provide numerical results for the synthesis which supports this idea. The procedure is demonstrated in computer simulation for a four‐transistor MMIC network which achieves a virtually pure capacitance of ‐5 pF over 1.5‐2.5 GHz. Such NIC‐based negative capacitance (and resistance) has potential application in the design of microwave gyrators and active filters. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A note concerning the use of field solvers for the design of microstrip shunt capacitances in lowpass structures
Authors: Matthaei George L. , Forse Roger J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA technique is described for rapid, accurate design of microstrip two‐ and three‐port shunt capacitors such as may occur in lowpass structures. The methods take advantage of simple static calculations used in conjunction with a full‐wave field solver to aid in accounting for parasitic effects in lowpass structure design. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CAD model of effective dielectric constant of microstrip line on M‐cut sapphire substrate
Authors: Vendik Irina B. , Kalendarov Emil T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimple and correct formulas in regard to frequency dispersion are derived for the calculation of an isotropic effective dielectric constant for the microstrip line on m‐cut sapphire substrate. The formulas were verified by comparison to the results of full‐wave analysis based on the equivalent surface impedance approach. The temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity of sapphire is taken into account.
A Mathematical Model for the Investigations of Access Demands on Information Networks with Applications
Authors: Bakry Saad Haj , Al‐Dhalaan Abdullah , Al‐Muammar Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInvestigation of demands on information networks helps in the planning, design, and improvements of such networks. This article presents a mathematical model upon which such investigations can be based and describes how the model has been used for the investigation of a GULFNET (the research network of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries) case study.
Managing the Enterprise Network with LightWatch/Open
Authors: Muller Nathan J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere are hubs for workgroups, departments and the enterprise. There are about 140 hub vendors providing innovative network solutions spanning each of these domains. One of these vendors, ADC Fibermux, offers the Crossbow family of multi‐LAN intelligent hubs. These are managed with LightWatch/Open, one of the simplest and intuitive management systems currently marketed.
GULFNET: The academic network of the arab gulf countries
Authors: Al‐Sulaiym Hamad A. , Al‐Muammar Abdulaziz , Bakry Saad Haj 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article provides an overview of GULFNET and its information services, with emphasis on KACST (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) services.
What is an incentive system?
Authors: Kemmerer Frances N. , Thiagarajan Sivasailam 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPerformance Technologists have come a long way—from producing zebra‐striped books to implementing innovative interventions. It is about time we applied our technology to where the money is: compensation packages and incentive systems. This new series will feature articles on different aspects of developing, implementing, evaluating, and improving incentive systems.
Buried‐contact silicon solar cells
Authors: Wenham Stuart 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent technological and commercial developments for the buried‐contact solar cell (BCSC) are reviwed. Four of the world's largest manufacturers have entered into manufacturing agreements, with a number of these taking advantage of the high‐efficiency capabilities of the large‐area BCSCs to produce cells for solar cars in the 1990 and 1993 World Solar Challenges and in the solar car race across the USA in 1993. Despite the efficiencies and commercial interest acheived by the conventional structure for the BCSC, a number of areas for improvement remain. In particular, the rear aluminium‐alloyed region limits the cell performance, and dislocation generation resulting from stresses at the silicon/silicon dioxide interface can also play a significant role in reducing efficiencies.Through the use of a photolithographically defined rear metal contact, efficiencies in excess of 21% and open‐circuit voltages as high as 693 mV for the hybrid BCSC have been demonstrated. the effect of the heavily diffused region beneath the metal contacts in the grooves is studied and its implications for the new generation of BCSCs with grooves on front and rear surfaces are considered. the economic and technological merits of a range of groove formation approaches are discussed, with a low‐cost, high‐throughput ganged dicing wheel saw with 35 wheels showing most promise.
The first forty years: A brief history of the modern photovoltaic age
Authors: Loferski Joseph J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis brief history of the modern photovoltaic (PV) age is divided into four major periods: the beginning in 1953‐1954; the next steps, 1954‐1956; the space PV period, 1956‐1970; and the terrestrial PV period, 1970 onwards. the author began his participation in photovoltaics in 1953 and has been a participant in, or a witness to, the events that he describes.
The effects of atmospheric parameters on the global solar irradiance and on the current of a silicon solar cell
Authors: Zanesco I. , Krenzinger A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present the influence of each atmospheric parameter on the global solar spectral irradiance and also show how the short‐circuit current of a conventional Si solar cell. These results and the presented method are useful for analysing the outdoor performance of Si photovoltaic (PV) devices. For this reason we present a set of equations that can help to correct the short‐circuit current of the cell, in relation to the US standard atmosphere, when outdoor measurements are made. the method used is to simulate the global spectral solar irradiance under cloudless skies, using a set of equations selected from the literature, and the spectral short‐circuit current density of the silicon cell. the influence of atmospheric parameters on the solar cell current is known using the ratio of solar cell current density to global solar irradiance. We conclude that the atmospheric parameters (air mass, precipitable water amount, Angström's turbidity coefficient and aerosol particle size distribution) produce significant variation on Si cell short‐circuit current. We suggest taking account of them when studying the performance of PV devices under outdoor conditions.
VHF plasma deposition for thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Heintze M. , Zedlitz R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFast deposition rates, typical for very high frequency (VHF) plasma deposition, up to now have mainly been attributed to a more efficient silane decomposition as the results of an enhanced density of high‐energy electrons in the plasma.In this work a‐Si:H was prepared at excitation frequencies in a wide frequency range between 25 and 250 MHz and at otherwise constant conditions. In order to understand the processes leading to the observed increase in deposition rate with frequency, the plasma was investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Plasma‐substrate interactions were studied by impedance analysis and ion flux measurements. the results show that the high deposition rates are mainly the result of an increased surface reactivity of film precursors resulting from the ions impinging on the growth surface. It is shown that variation of the excitation frequency allows a flexible control of ion flux and energies. Conditions were optimized for the preparation of a‐Ge:H films, which require a flux of high‐energy ions to the substrate. Material properties were obtained that were comparable to results from deposition on the cathode of a radio frequency (RF) discharge.
Applying photovoltaic power to a petrol service station
Authors: Chendo M. A. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the use of photovoltaics to power rural petroleum service stations, or as a back‐up for urban service stations where power supply from the national grid is rather erratic in a developing country like Nigeria. Issues concerning system design, choice of components and the economic considerations of such a conceptualized system are also discussed. the payback period based on simple payback analysis is about 5 years. It is envisaged that the service station will also provide facilities such as cathodic protection for storage tanks, battery charging and distilled water production.
World solar challenge 1993: The trans‐australian solar car race
Authors: Green Martin A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn November 1993, over 50 solar cars left Darwin for the tortuous 3000 kilometre journey south across Australia to Adelaide. the top cars set a pace difficult for conventional vehicles to maintain. the winner, the Honda Dream, averaged 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph), with all top five place getters shattering the previous race record set by the General Motors (GM) Sunraycer in 1987. the improved performance was due to better aerodynamics, motor and power train efficiency and improved output power from the photovoltaic arrays on these cars. This report describes the race with emphasis on the solar cell and module technology used by the leading cars.