bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma mineral and energy metabolite concentrations in dairy cows fed an anionic prepartum diet that did or did not have retained fetal membranes after parturition
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Donovan G. Arthur , Risco Carlos A. , Goff Jesse P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare plasma total calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA),
beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), and glucose concentrations
in parturient dairy cows that were fed an anionic
prepartum diet between those with and without
retained fetal membranes (RFM) at 24 hours after parturition.

Animals—152 Holstein cows that calved during
October through December of 1997.

Procedure—All cows were fed an anionic prepartum
diet. Blood sample was taken within 6 hours after parturition
from randomly selected cows. Thirty-nine
cows had a diagnosis of RFM at 24 hours after parturition;
113 were not affected with RFM. At calving,
body condition score (BCS; 1 [thin] to 5 [obese]), parity,
and calving difficulty score were recorded. Plasma
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, NEFA, BHB, and
glucose concentrations were compared between
cows with or without RFM.

Results—Cows with RFM had significantly lower
plasma calcium concentration soon after calving,
compared with cows without RFM. Cows with a parity
of ≥ 3 had significantly lower plasma concentrations
of calcium and higher concentrations of magnesium,
compared with cows with a parity of 1 or 2.
Cows with a BCS of ≥ 3.25 at calving had significantly
higher plasma concentrations of BHB than cows
with a BCS of 2.75 to 3.0. Cows with dystocia had
significantly higher plasma concentrations of glucose,
compared with cows without dystocia.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In parturient
cows fed a prepartum anionic diet, those with RFM
have lower plasma calcium concentrations than cows
without RFM, although this association does not
prove a cause-effect relationship. (Am J Vet Res
2004;65:1071–1076)
Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid of epileptic dogs
Authors: Ellenberger Claudia , Mevissen Meike , Doherr Marcus , Scholtysik Günter , Jaggy André 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in CSF of a large number of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or genetic epilepsy and to evaluate changes in CSF amino acid concentration with regard to drug treatment and sex.Animals—35 Labrador Retrievers with genetic epilepsy (20 male and 15 female), 94 non-Labrador Retrievers with idiopathic epilepsy (71 male and 23 female), and 20 control dogs (10 male and 10 female).Procedure—Collection of CSF was performed > 72 hours after the occurrence of seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (GLU), aspartate (ASP), serine, and glycine were determined by use of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.Results—CSF concentrations of GABA and GLU were significantly lower in Labrador Retrievers with genetic epilepsy (LR-group dogs) than in control-group dogs or in non-Labrador Retrievers with idiopathic epilepsy (non–LR-group dogs). The GLU-to-GABA ratio was significantly higher in LR-group dogs than in non–LR-group dogs. CSF concentrations of GLU and ASP were significantly lower when all dogs with epilepsy (non–LR- and LR-group dogs combined) were compared with control-group dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A decrease in CSF concentrations of GABA appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of genetically determined epilepsy in Labrador Retrievers. However, this decrease in CSF concentrations of GABA may also be a consequence of seizure activity. The GLU-to-GABA ratio may prove to be a useful indicator of genetic epilepsy in Labrador Retrievers. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1108–1113)
Investigation of the effect of acepromazine on intravenous glucose tolerance tests in dogs
Authors: Ionut Viorica , Kirkman Erlinda L. , Bergman Richard N. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate the effects of administration
of acepromazine on IV glucose tolerance tests
(IVGTTs) in dogs.

Animals—8 male mixed-breed dogs.

Procedure—With a 1-week interval between tests,
each dog underwent (in random order) an IVGTT with
or without pretest administration of acepromazine
maleate (0.1 mg/kg, SC, 30 minutes prior to the start
of the IVGTT). Food was withheld from the dogs for
14 hours prior to each test. Blood samples were
obtained at 20, 10, and 1 minute prior to and at 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70,
80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 minutes after
administration of glucose.

Results—There were no significant differences in the
baseline (ie, after food was withheld) plasma glucose,
lactate, and insulin concentrations between dogs
undergoing the IVGTT and acepromazine-IVGTT; however,
lower baseline free fatty acid concentration was
observed in acepromazine-treated dogs. Analysis of
data via the application of Bergman's minimal model of
glucose kinetics revealed no differences in insulin sensitivity,
acute insulin response to glucose, disposition
index, or glucose effectiveness between dogs treated
or not treated with acepromazine before testing.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that in dogs undergoing IV glucose tolerance
testing, pretest administration of small doses of acepromazine
can be used as a means of chemical
restraint without interfering with results of the glucose
metabolism assessment. (Am J Vet Res
2004;65:1124–1127)
Distribution of mRNA that codes for 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows
Authors: Meylan Mireille , Georgieva Teodora M. , Reist Martin , Blum Jürg W. , Martig Johannes , Georgiev Ivan P. , Steiner Adrian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the distribution of mRNA that codes for 8 subtypes of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HTRs) in the digestive tract of dairy cows.Sample Population—Fresh full-thickness wall specimens from the abomasum (fundus, corpus, and antrum), ileum, cecum, proximal loop of ascending colon, and 4 locations of the spiral colon collected from 10 healthy cows at slaughter.Procedure—Concentrations of mRNA that code for 5-HTR subtypes (5-HTR1A, 5-HTR1B, 5-HTR1D, 5-HTR1F, 5-HTR2A, 5-HTR2B, 5-HTR2C, and 5-HTR4) in the bovine digestive tract were measured by use of a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Results were reported in relation to mRNA expression of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).Results—Mean relative mRNA concentrations for 5-HTR were low (range, 0% to 1.32% of GAPDH), and mRNA that codes for 5-HTR1Awas not detected. In the abomasum, mRNA expression was highest for 5-HTR1Band 5-HTR2B, followed by subtypes 1F, 2A, 1D, and 4, whereas 5-HTR2Cwas not detected. In intestinal samples, concentrations of subtypes 1B, 2B, and 4 were highest, followed by 1D, 1F, 2A, and 2C. Relative concentrations of mRNA that code for 5-HTR2Awere significantly higher in the abomasum than the intestines, but lower for 5-HTR2B, 5-HTR2C, and 5-HTR4.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Relative concentrations of mRNA that code for 5-HTRs differ among locations in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Understanding differences in the distribution of 5- HTRs in healthy cattle and cattle with gastrointestinal tract disease may lead to improved therapeutic approaches for abomasal and cecal motility disorders. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1151–1158)
Comparison of L-selectin and Mac-1 expression on blood and milk neutrophils during experimental Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in cows
Authors: Diez-Fraille Araceli , Mehrzad Jalil , Meyer Evelyne , Duchateau Luc , Burvenich Christian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate L-selectin (CD62L) and Mac-1 (CD11b) expression at the surface of blood and milk neutrophils during the early inflammatory response toEscherichia coli-induced mastitis in cows.Animals—6 healthy Holstein heifers in early lactation.Procedure—Blood and milk samples were collected before and after intramammary administration of 104CFU's ofE coliin the left mammary gland quarters. Bacterial counts and electrolyte concentrations in milk, rectal temperature, differential blood leukocyte counts, milk somatic cell counts, neutrophil viability, and the expression of CD62L and CD11b on blood and milk neutrophils were determined longitudinally.Results—Bacteria grew during the first 6 hours after inoculation with a pronounced leukocytic influx. Coincident with neutrophil influx was an increase in CD62L+and CD11b+milk neutrophils, as well as an improved viability of milk neutrophils. The peak of the inflammatory reaction was reached approximately 12 hours afterE coliinoculation. From that time forward, changes in CD62L and CD11b expression were opposed to each other, with a decrease in CD62L expression and an increase in CD11b expression on blood and milk neutrophils; the magnitude of the differences in CD62L and CD11b expression between blood and milk neutrophils decreased. Percentages of CD62L+and CD11b+milk neutrophils increased to percentages that were similar to blood neutrophils (ie, approx 92%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The presence of adhesion molecules on a large percentage of milk neutrophils during the acute inflammatory response, together with the changes in receptor density, suggest a major role for CD62L and CD11b in neutrophil function during coliform mastitis. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1164–1171)
Efficacy of a long-acting formulation of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid for the treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Dueger Erica L. , George Lisle W. , Angelos John A. , Tankersley Natalie S. , Luiz Kelsie M. , Meyer Jonalee A. , Portis Ellen S. , Lucas Merlyn J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the efficacy of ceftiofur crystalline- free acid (CCFA) administered into the posterior aspect of an ear for treatment of corneal ulceration associated with naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK).Animals—78 beef calves located at Sierra Foothills Field Station (SFS) and 52 calves located at a commercial dairy (CD). All calves were from 3 to 9 months old.Procedure—At each site, calves were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups by use of a block design determined by corneal ulcer size. A single dose of CCFA (6.6 mg of ceftiofur equivalents/kg, SC) was administered into the posterior aspect of a pinna. A second group of calves received a single dose of vehicle (0.03 mL/kg, SC; controls). Corneal ulcers were photographed, and clinical signs were assessed in calves every 3 to 4 days for 21 days.Results—A positive treatment effect was detected at SFS. Results at the CD were inconclusive because ulcer healing occurred rapidly in control and CCFA-treated calves. At SFS, treatment with CCFA resulted in shorter mean healing times, smaller corneal ulcer surface area measurements, amelioration of ocular discharge and photophobia, and a 50% increase in the percentage of calves healed by day 14. After adjustment for initial corneal ulcer size, treatment with CCFA resulted in a 4-fold increase in the odds of corneal ulcer healing by day 14, compared with controls.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A single dose of CCFA administered into the posterior aspect of a pinna had a positive treatment effect against naturally occurring IBK in calves with corneal ulcerations . (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1185–1188)
Comparison of lactated Ringer's solution and a physiologically balanced 6% hetastarch plasma expander for the treatment of hypotension induced via blood withdrawal in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Muir William W. , Wiese Ashley J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the effects of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) with those of a physiologically balanced 6% hetastarch plasma expander administered to isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with hypotension induced by blood withdrawal.Animals—12 healthy Beagles.Procedure—Blood was withdrawn from isofluraneanesthetized dogs (volume withdrawn measured) to a systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) of 80 mm Hg. Six dogs each received either LRS or hetastarch solution (90 mL/kg/h, IV). Hemodynamic variables, pH, blood gas concentrations, PCV, serum electrolyte and total protein concentrations, and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) were determined at baseline, while SAP was 80 mm Hg, and after fluid treatment. The volume of fluid administered and rate of return of SAP to within 10% of baseline values were recorded.Results—Mean ± SD volume of blood withdrawn to decrease SAP to 80 mm Hg was 173 ± 38 mL. Hemodynamic variables decreased after blood withdrawal but returned to baseline values more rapidly after infusion of a smaller volume of hetastarch solution, compared with the response to LRS infusion. Whereas PCV and serum total protein concentration decreased after administration of either solution, COP decreased only after administration of LRS. The total volume of hetastarch solution and LRS required to restore and maintain SAP to within 10% of baseline values was 1.1 ± 0.9 and 4.4 ± 1.7 times greater than the volume of blood removed, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with LRS infusion, smaller volumes of hetastarch solution normalized and maintained SAP without lowering COP in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs after blood withdrawal. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1189–1194)
Effects of a menthol-based analgesic balm on pressor responses evoked from muscle afferents in cats
Authors: Ragan Brian G. , Nelson Amanda J. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Bell Gerald W. , Iwamoto Gary A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate changes in heart rate (HR)
and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as indicators of
changes in pressor response for muscle afferents
after topical application of menthol (MEN)-based analgesic
balm.

Animals—11 decerebrate cats.

Procedure—Pressor responses were reflexively
evoked by static contraction of hind limb muscles,
which are caused by group III and IV afferents.
Responses were monitored without interference
from anesthesia or effects of higher brain function by
the use of decerebrate cats. After obtaining baseline
data, MEN analgesic balm (1.9%) was applied to the
skin over contracting muscles of 1 hind limb in 6 cats;
petrolatum was applied to 5 control cats. Muscle contractions
were evoked every 10 minutes, alternating
between hind limbs, for 120 minutes. Peak MAP and
HR were analyzed.

Results—Peak MAP responses evoked by static
muscle contraction for the ipsilateral hind limb were
significantly attenuated 20 minutes after application,
but approached baseline values 40 minutes after
application. The pressor response was significantly
decreased 20 minutes after application during the last
12 seconds of the stimulus, which was attributed to
group IV afferents. There were no significant differences
in HR responses.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Application of
MEN analgesic balm to the skin over contracting muscles
significantly decreased the pressor response to
static muscle contractions. This suggests that topical
application of MEN has effects on responses evoked
from receptors located in muscles. The MEN analgesic
balm appeared to attenuate the pressor
response 20 minutes after application, but it was a
short-term effect. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1204–1210)
Influence of weight bearing and hoof position on Doppler evaluation of lateral palmar digital arteries in healthy horses
Authors: Pietra Marco , Guglielmini Carlo , Nardi Stefano , Gandini Gualtiero , Cipone Mario 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the pulsed-wave Doppler tracing of the equine lateral palmar digital artery and its modification in relation to standardized changes in posture.Animals—17 healthy Saddlebred horses.Procedure—Pulsed-wave Doppler examinations of left and right lateral palmar digital arteries of the horses were performed. The baseline examination was performed on each forelimb while horses were standing squarely with the body weight equally distributed among the 4 limbs (BED position). For each forelimb, the examination was repeated during 3 standardized modifications of the horse's posture (non–weightbearing [NWB] position, full weight-bearing [FWB] position, and a position involving hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint [HE position]). In each position, mean values of systolic peak velocity, first and second diastolic peak velocity, end-diastolic velocity, mean velocity, and resistive index were calculated. Data obtained in each different posture were compared statistically.Results—No significant differences in blood flow variables were detected between the left and right forelimbs. However, significant differences were detected in values of first diastolic velocity, second diastolic velocity, mean velocity, and resistive index between the NWB position and FWB position. Also, end-diastolic velocity in the NWB position was significantly different from that recorded in the HE position.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The pulsedwave Doppler tracing of the equine lateral palmar digital artery was modified considerably with changes in posture. This suggests that the use of a precisely standardized posture for horses is required to obtain repeatable data. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1211–1215)
Effect of strain and serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on viral shedding, vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs
Authors: Stallknecht David E. , Greer Jonathan B. , Murphy Molly D. , Mead Daniel G. , Howerth Elizabeth W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-I) isolated during recent vesicular stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western United States and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact.Animals—128 pigs.Procedure—Pigs were challenged with VSV-NJ or VSV-I from the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis in the western United States, respectively, or with VSV-NJ (OS) associated with vesicular stomatitis in feral pigs on Ossabaw Island, Ga. Pigs (3/group) were inoculated with each virus via 3 routes and evaluated for viral shedding, seroconversion, and the development of vesicular lesions. In another experiment, the potential for contact transmission of each virus from experimentally infected to naïve pigs was evaluated.Results—Infection of pigs was achieved for all 3 viruses as determined by virus isolation and detection of seroconversion. In inoculated pigs, all 3 viruses were isolated from multiple swab samples at concentrations sufficient to infect other pigs. However, compared with results obtained with the 2 VSV-NJ strains, viral titers associated with VSV-I were low and the duration of virus shedding was reduced. Results from the contact transmission trials were consistent with these results; virus transmission was detected most frequently with the VSV-NJ strains.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pigs can be infected with VSV-NJ and VSV-I. Differences in the extent of viral shedding and potential for contact transmission were apparent between serotypes but not between the VSV-NJ strains investigated. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1233–1239)
Correlation of computed tomographic images with anatomic features of the abdomen of ringed seals (Phoca hispida)
Authors: Smodlaka Hrvoje , Henry Robert W. , Daniels Gregory B. , Reed Robert B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To correlate anatomic features of the abdomen of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) identified in plastinated cross-sections with images obtained via computed tomography (CT) and thereby establish reference standards for normal abdominal organ size and position in this species.Sample Population—2 adult male ringed seal cadavers.Procedure—With the seal in sternal recumbency, CT images of the abdomen were acquired by use of a 4th-generation CT scanner. Image slice thickness was 1 cm, with no interslice gap. After imaging, the abdominal region was sectioned transversely into 4- cm slices, which were plastinated and photographed. Plastinated slices were matched to their corresponding CT images in preparation for anatomic descriptions.Results—Relevant anatomic features were identified and labeled on both the plastinated tissue slice and corresponding CT image. Normal abdominal organ size and position were assessed, and topographic relationships among organs were ascertained.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The data obtained provide some reference standards for normal abdominal organ size and position in ringed seals. This information may aid researchers of future physiologic and clinical studies in this species. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1240–1244)
Effect of trilostane on serum concentrations of aldosterone, cortisol, and potassium in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Wenger Monique , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Müller Claudia , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of trilostane on serum concentrations of aldosterone, cortisol, and potassium in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), compare the degree of reduction of aldosterone with that of cortisol, and compare aldosterone concentrations of healthy dogs with those of dogs with PDH.Animals—17 dogs with PDH and 12 healthy dogs.Procedure—For dogs with PDH, the initial dose of trilostane was selected in accordance with body weight. A CBC count, serum biochemical analyses, and ACTH stimulation tests were performed in each dog. Dogs were evaluated 1, 3 to 4, 6 to 8, and 10 to 12 weeks after initiation of treatment. Healthy dogs were evaluated only once.Results—Serum aldosterone concentrations before ACTH stimulation did not change significantly after initiation of treatment with trilostane. At each evaluation after initiation of treatment, serum aldosterone concentrations after ACTH stimulation were significantly lower than corresponding concentrations before initiation of treatment. The overall effect of trilostane on serum aldosterone concentration was less pronounced than the effect on serum cortisol concentration. Median potassium concentrations increased slightly after initiation of treatment with trilostane. Dogs with PDH had significantly higher serum aldo sterone concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation than healthy dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with trilostane resulted in a reduction in serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations in dogs with PDH, although the decrease for serum aldosterone concentration was smaller than that for serum cortisol concentration. There was no correlation between serum concentrations of aldosterone and potassium during treatment. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1245–1250)