bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Uptake of Injected Radioiron in the Mouse Kidney.
Authors: BERGSTRÖM INGMAR , MAGNUSSON GÖSTA , ODEBLAD ERIK , ZILIOTTO DONATO 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Subcutaneously injected Fe59Cl3 in mice accumulates to a fairly large extent in the kidneys. The first few days after injection several structures (except glomeruli) in the cortex contained much radioiron. Nine days after injection the radioiron was mainly localized in proximal convoluted tubules. The marrow contained small amounts of radioiron throughout. The mechanisms underlying the found distribution of radioactive iron are unexplained by the present experiments.
A Comparative Study on the Metabolism of Sr90 and Ca45.
Authors: BAUER GORAN C. H. , CARLSSON ARVID , LINDQUIST BERTIL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The distribution and excretion of Sr90and Ca45was studied at varying intervals after simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of the isotopes to young rats.Sr90was retained to a lesser extent than Ca45owing to the preferential excretion (or failure of reabsorption) of the former element by the kidneys as well as by the gastrointestinal tract.With regard to skeletal accretion and exchange there was no marked difference between the two elements. The importance of the accretion process for the fixation of the isotopes in the skeleton is emphasized.The computation of the rate of Ca accretion in the whole skeleton is described.
The Cardiac Output in Rest and Work at Low and High Oxygen Pressures.
Authors: ASMUSSEN ERLING , NIELSEN MARIUS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The cardiac output in rest and work in low oxygen and during work in pure oxygen was determined by means of the dye injection method.In low oxygen (arterial oxygen saturation 65 to 70 per cent) it was found that the cardiac output in rest and work was increased 10 to 20 per cent above the values from control experiments in air. The increase was due to a pulse acceleration as the stroke volume was slightly decreased.In pure oxygen no measurable effects on the cardiac output during work was found. The pulse rate decreased 4 to 8 per cent.The results are discussed with a special view to the possible mechanisms by which the cardiac output is regulated during muscular work.
On the Mechanism of Formation of the Glomerular Fluid.
Authors: GARBY LARS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The mechanism of the formation of the glomerular fluid is discussed in terms of conventional physico‐chemical principles.A recent formulation of the rate equation for this process is criticized.A definition of the term filtration is proposed, and it is shown that this term may conveniently be used for the description of the mechanism of formation of the glomerular fluid.
Bulbar Influence on Spinal Cord Dorsum Potentials and Ventral Root Reflexes.
Authors: Lindblom U. F. , Ottosson J. O. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The influence of electrical stimulation of the bulbar reticular formation upon the cord dorsum response and ventral root reflexes elicited from cutaneous and muscle afferents has been studied in nembutalized cats.2. Stimulation at certain points (see Fig. 2 E and F) resulted in a reduction of the negative cord dorsum potential evoked from low threshold cutaneous fibres (the N1 deflection). The result is taken as an evidence of reticulospinal inhibition at the segmental sensory relay for transmission to suprasegmental levels of impulses from low threshold skin afferents.3. Stimulation in other reticular points (see Fig. 4) resulted in a depression of the late cord dorsum response evoked from high threshold muscle afferents. The afferent spike and the early cord dorsum response evoked from low threshold muscle fibres were not influenced from any point.4. The effects on the monosynaptic extensor reflex and the polysynaptic reflex elicited from a cutaneous nerve were studied for comparison. Inhibition of the N1 deflection or the cord dorsum response evoked from high threshold muscle afferents and inhibition of the reflexes could be evoked from the same points or from different points in the reticular formation. Further, one or both reflexes could be facilitated concurrently with depression of the cord potentials. It is not possible to predict the type of effect from the localization of the point stimulated.
On the Emotional Eosinopenic Reaction Caused by Examination.
Authors: Markkanen A. , Pekkarinen A. , Pulkkinen K. , Simola P. E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The appearance of the eosinopenic reaction in the blood in connection with examinations in 33 female and 79 male students have been studied, taking into account the strength, probability and individual fluctuations of the reaction.In average there were during the non‐stress period 157 cells per cmm blood in 78 students and immediately after the 4—5 hours examination an average of 64 cells in 112 students. The average cell counts of the eosinophil cells have decreased during the examination in all these groups, in average to more than half of the normal. In all the examination groups with one exception the eosinophil cells have decreased with about 50% (70, 51, 44, 61, 82, 68, 62, 57, 11 and 49% respectively). During the control period the eosinophil count was under 50 cells per cmm only in 8%, but immediately after the examination there were less than 50 cells per cmm in 48% of cases. In almost every students the examination decreased the number of eosinophil cells, in some to a very great extent, but in few only little. 9 students have had a 100% decrease in the eosinophil cells in the blood after examination.In order to ascertain the duration and strength of the eosinopenic reaction in connection with an examination the eosinophil cells in the blood were counted also during three days before and after the examination in 34 students. The eosinophil cell count became gradually lower during three days, and continued to fall till the examination began. One hour before the examination the average decrease of number of eosinophil cells was in these students 15 per cent and immediately after the examination 47 per cent. In these groups the decrease in the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood was strongest on the examination day immediately after the examination. This shows that the eosinopenia depends on the examination moment. After the examination the cell count rises relatively swiftly in 2—3 days to its control level.
Measurement of the Extracellular Fluid Volume by Thiosulfate. I. The measurement of the apparent volume of distribution of thiosulfate.
Authors: Ikkos Denis 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The measurement of the apparent volume of distribution of thiosulfate after a single injection was examined in 43 tests on 13 normal subjects and 11 patients with different disorders.The time of equilibration of thiosulfate was found in most of the tests to lie between 20 and 30 minutes after the beginning of the injection. The changes in the concentration of thiosulfate in plasma could be described as the sum of two exponential functions with respect to time.The overall error of a single measurement of the thiosulfate space was ±2.50 per cent.The apparent volume of distribution of thiosulfate was reproducible with an accuracy of ±2.8 per cent in normal subjects and ±8.4 per cent in pathological cases.
The Effect of Light on the Appearance and Development of the Electroretinogram in Newborn Kittens
Authors: Zetterström Birgitta 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In order to determine the effect of light on the development of the ERG, this response has been recorded in kittens bred in darkness and in kittens bred in daylight.The appearance of an ERG in kittens bred in darkness in the majority of cases was found to be considerably delayed. The latent period of the b‐wave of the ERG in animals bred in darkness was likewise prolonged in comparison with those bred in light.The significance of these results has been discussed.
Chromatographic Separation of Histaminase and Substance P‐Inactivating Enzymes in Extracts of Kidney Tissue
Authors: Arvidsson U. B. , Pernow B. , Swedin B. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. A method for the extraction and purification of histaminase and a substance P‐inactivating factor from hog kidneys is described.2. A complete separation of the two enzymes was achieved by using ion exchange columns (Dowex 50) and a M/150 phosphate buffer (pH 7.1).3. By this method a satisfactory separation was also attained between the histaminase and inactive protein, giving a further purification of the enzyme of 40 times.
Studies in Calcium Metabolism in Rats. I. A Long Term Study in Rats given an optimal Diet with and without Vitamin D
Authors: Haavaldsen Ragnar , Nicolaysen Ragnar 
Published: December 2008

Summary.For 18 months the rate of growth, the Ca metabolism and the composition of the bones were studied in rats given a presumably optimal diet with vitamin D as the one variable. The results were as follows:1. Vitamin D influenced the Ca absorption only in the first 21 weeks of life. 2. Vitamin D administration resulted in somewhat heavier rats with more densely mineralized bones containing relatively less water and matrix than the comparable bones in vitamin D free rats of the same age1
Generalized Inhibition of the Retinal Ganglion Cells in Relation to Wave‐Length and State of Adaptation
Authors: DODT. EBERHARD 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Complete generalized inhibition of individual retinal elements was observed in response to flickering light of increasing intensity in the darkadapted rabbit's eye. As soon as stimulus intensity had been lowered, the elements again began to respond to flicker.The inhibition was confined to frequencies of intermittent light above the ‘kink’ in the Ferry‐Porter curve. Within the upper part of this curve the energy required for inhibition gradually decreased with increase of flicker frequency.Lasting inhibition was only seen in the eyes that had been darkadapted for over 1½ hour. With shorter times of dark adaptation there was only a transient non‐flickering phase of the response to intermittent light depending upon duration of dark adaptation and flicker frequency. Immediate return of the flickering response was produced by light adaptation.Simultaneous determinations of energy necessary in each wave‐length for the excitatory or threshold fusion on one hand and the inhibitory fusion point on the other reveals two different sensitivity curves. Whereas the low‐energy curve for excitation practically agrees with the spectral distribution of sensitivity at the absolute threshold, the high‐energy curve for inhibition shows greatly increased sensitivity to blue light and humps occur in the green and the violet parts of the spectrum.The results would seem to be of some general interest also from the point of view of ‘glare’.
The Effect of Posture upon the Equillibrium between Carbon Monoxide in Rebreathed Gas and the Carboxy Hemoglobin Concentration of the Blood.
Authors: DAHLSTRÖM HANS 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA closed circuit with a CO, filter, 95 % O2, (approximately) and minute CO concentrations were used for rebreathing experiments in a group of healthy individuals. The CO concentrations appearing in the system were attributable to either endogenous formation of CO or tobacco smoking. The CO concentration in the system was found t o vary with the position of the subject. Less CO accumulated in the system when the subject stood than when he sat or lay in the supine position.A hypothesis was proposed concerning the nature of the equilibrium between CO in the alveolar spaces and the COHb concentration of the blood.
Neurotropic Effects of Substance P
Authors: von EULER U. S. , PERNOW B. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Intracisternal or intraventricular injections of small closes of highly purified Substance P elicit stimulation of respiratory frequency and amplitude in cats and rabbits.The effects on the blood pressure of injections of Substance P into the III:rd ventricle were usually small and variable.No consistent effects of moderately large doses administered intravenously were observed on the carotid occlusion test or on the effect of preganglionic stimulation on the nictitating membrane.Intraventricular injection of Substance P had no definite effect on diuresis.Substance P injected into a lateral ventricle caused a variety of symptoms of which a general inhibition of spontaneity was the most marked.
Histochemical Demonstration of AChE Activity in Isolated Nerve Cells
Authors: GIACOBINI EZIO 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A modification of the thiocholine method of Koelle (1951) has been used for the demonstration of the AChE activity in single nerve cells isolated from the surrounding tissue by means of microdissection technique.In neurons in the spinal, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglions, as well as in the anterior and lateral horns of the spinal cord, large concentrations of AChE could be demonstrated inside the cytoplasm and neurite after a very short incubation time. By using this method the relative amount of such AChE bearing cells was found to be considerably higher than in previous investigations.
Alimentary Production of Gallstones in Hamsters. 6. Disappearance of Cholesterol Stones by Treatment with a Non‐lithogenic Diet.
Authors: CHRISTENSEN FREDE , DAM HENRIK , KRISTENSEN GUNHILD 
Published: December 2008

Summary.As shown earlier by us, gallstones consisting of cholesterol and/or pigments can be produced and prevented in hamsters by dietary means.It has now been shown that cholesterol stones and cholesterol from amorphous stones developed in the gallbladder of hamsters by a lithogenic diet can be dissolved in the bile by changing the diet to a non‐lithogenic type.
A Mathematical Analysis of Indicator Dilution Curves Leading to Direct Calculation of the Systolic and Diastolic Volumes of the Left Ventricle and Auricle and of the Pulmonary Blood Volume.
Authors: COMET STIG , LAGERLÖF HENRIK O. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A mathematical analysis of indicator dilution curves obtained by indicator injection into the pulmonary artery and blood sampling from the brachial artery is given. By considering the dilution effect of the left ventricle and auricle successively, the appearance of the dye dilution curve at the entrance of the left auricle is obtained. By means of this curve the mean circulation time of the lung is obtained and used for the calculation of the pulmonary blood volume.The diastolic volume of the left ventricle and the systolic of the left auricle are obtained from the appearance of the last part of the curve, considering the dilution effect of each.
Fibrinolysokinase Activity in Animal and Human Tissue1
Authors: ASTRUP TAGE , STEFSDORFF IDA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Animal and human tissues have been investigated for compounds activating the precursor of the plasminogen activator. In a few instances fibrinolysokinase activity was demonstrated in kidney tissue and lymph glands. All other organs investigated showed only activator activity and no lysokinase effect.
On the Intestinal Absorption of 2,2‐Dimethystearic Acid Fed as Free Acid or as Glyceride
Authors: BLOMSTRAND R. , TRYDING N. , WESTÖÖ G. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

2,2‐Dimethyl [l‐14Ctearic acid has been fed as free acid and as glycoside to rats with a lymph fistula and to no calculated rats. The composition of the lymph lipids and the intestinal contents have been studied. No significant differences were found in the absorption and lymph composition when the acid was fed in the free form or incorporated into glycerides.
The enzymes in the intestinal lumina could not split or build up ester bonds with 2,2‐dimethylstearic acid in vivo. With this type of glyceride ester bonds it has been definitely shown that glycerides can be absorbed into the mucosa cells without total hydrolysis.
Tonic and Phasic Ventral Horn Cells Differentiated by Post‐Tetanic Potentiation in Cat Extensors.
Authors: GRANT RAGNAR , HENATSCH H.‐D. , STEG GORAN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In decerebrate cats stretch reflexes from the ankle extensors have been studied in 100 fibres from dissected ventral root filaments. These reflexes have been maximally facilitated by post‐tetanic potentiation, as describthd by Granit (1956 a).In the post‐tetanic or potcwtiated state the reflexes to a constant 10 mm stretch haw been found to fall into two main categories: (i) tonic reflexes which go on firing for a long duration in maintained stretch and (ii) phasic ones which only fire one or two spikes on the rising phase of stretch, in spite of any amount of post‐tetanic potentiatioit.Analysis of spike size showed that the tonic ventral horn cells tended to fire smaller spikes than the phasic ones. From this it was concluded that the tonic motoneurones tend to group themselves among the smaller ventral horn cells.The difference between tonic and phasic ventral horn cells was maintained when the extensor tonus was raised by decortications of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum.
Shock Wave Transmission to the Central Nervous System.
Authors: CLEMEDSON CARL‐JOHAN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The transmission of air shock waves to the central nervous system was studied in rabbits by means of a barium titanate pressure transducer inserted into the brain or the spinal column.By exposing only a part of the animale. g. the head only or the trunk to the shock wave and with the other part thoroughly protected, it was possible to show that the main part of the shock wave pressure is transmitted to the brain directly through the skull. The indirect transmission of pressure from other parts of the body to the brain is of minor importance and the rôle of the blood vessels or the spine for that transmission is insignificant.Pressure is also propagated from the skull down through the spine but the transmission in the opposite direction, when the abdomen only is exposed is insignificant.
On the Permeability of Guinea Pig Placenta for Triiodothyronine.
Authors: LYBECK HARRY 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The permeability of the guinea‐pig placenta to I131labeled triiodothyronine was investigated. Two to four hours after subcutaneous administration of the substance, samples were taken and counted. A significant difference in radioactivity was demonstrable between the maternal and foetal samples. The results indicate that the placenta is virtually impermeable to exogenous triiodothyronine in the first hours after its subcutaneous administration.
Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Small Gas Volumes
Authors: LINDERHOLM H. , SJÖSTRAND T. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A method is described for analysis of CO in small gas volumes with hopcalite CO‐meters. By the use of electrical temperature measurement and registration with direct writing potentiometers the applicability of these CO‐meters has been greatly increased. Amounts of pure CO, from about 0.001 ml up to about 1 ml, can be measured with marked accuracy in gas volumes from 0.02 to about 500 ml irrespective of the CO concentration. Accurate calibration can be obtained by comparison with 100 per cent CO without dilution procedures. The method was found especially suitable for analysis of small amounts of CO extracted from blood samples.
Some Laboratory Data on Hedgehogs, Hibernating and Non‐hibernating
Authors: BIÖRCK GUNNAR , JOHANESON BENGT , VEIGE STEN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Comparative biochemical studies have been performed in hibernating hedgehogs in January and March and in non‐hibernating hedgehogs in June.Red blood corpuscles and hemoglobin level were lower in March in comparison to January and June when the difference was slight. Also the hematocrit values were lower in March compared with January, while the values in June lay between these. The leucocytes decreased during hibernation but the differential leucocyte count did not change markedly except for the eosinophils which decreased comparatively more than the other leucocytes. Also reticulocytes decreased but blood platelets increased.The blood sugar decreased as did the protein‐bound iodine. — No significant changes in serum potassium or sodium were found.At electrophoresis an increase of the albumin fraction was found, while β1‐,β2‐ and γ‐globulins decreased.From the tissue studies — made on hibernating hedgehogs in late February to early March and on non‐hibernating ones in September — it can be seen that the magnesium content of the heart was lower during winter; the cytochrome c content, however, did not change.Sugar, aceton or aceto‐acetic acid were not found in the urine. Urinary albumin, however, appeared in all the hibernating animals and in half of the non‐hibernating ones.Part of this study was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Fund of the Swedish Life Insurance Companies. Our thanks are due to the head and personal of the Central Chemical Laboratory of Allmänna Sjukhuset and to Drs. Bengt Skanse and S. E. Björkman for valuable help in this investigation.
Experiments on the Potassium Absorption of the Erythrocytes of Rana Esculentn and Rann Temporaria after Bleeding and in Hypertonic Plasma1
Authors: ØRSKOV SØREN L. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is shown that the erythrocytes of ranae esculentae and temporariae behave very much as those from pigeons.The blood taken from the neck of the frogs shows a marked, and in some cases a very rapid absorption of potassium from the plasma. If the frogs are cooled (2°) for an hour before the bleeding the erythrocytes show no spontaneous absorption.Addition of hypertonic sodium chloride solution is followed by a potassium absorption of the red blood cells.
Histamine and Mast Cells.l: Studies on Living Connective Tissue in the Hamster Cheek Pouch
Authors: ASBOE‐HANSEN G. , WEGELIUS OTTO 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The reaction of the mast cells to histamine, the chemical histamine‐liberators compound 48/80 and stilbamidine, peptone and water was studied in living connective tissue of the hamster cheek pouch. Degradation of the cells was invariably observed and occasionally irreversible disruption. The degranulation is interpreted as a response to increased tissue fluid, which in turn may be due to increased capillary permeability. The mucopoly‐saccharide‐containing granular substance of the mast cells may bind extracellular water and thus maintain the gel structure of the connective‐tissue ground substance. This view unites the results of previous experiments on the relation of the mast cells to histamine as well as to tissue mucopolysaccharides.
Influence of Cholesterol Feeding on the Distribution of Polyenoic Fatty Acids in the Liver of Chicks
Authors: DAM HENRIK , NIELSEN GUNHILD KOFOED 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Feeding of cholesterol at a dietary level of 1 % together with 10 or 20 % peanut oil to chicks caused a decrease in the amount of tetraenoic acid in the liver. especially when expressed as per cent of total fatty acids.When the diet did not contain fat. 1 % cholesterol had no influence on the amount of liver tetraenoic acid.Liver pentaenoic acid and hexaenoic acids. the amounts of which were low under the conditions of the experiment. seemed to be influenced in the same direction as tetraenoic.No significant change in liver dienoic or trienoic acids expressed as per cent of total fatty acids was found as a consequence of feeding 1 % cholesterol. When expressed as mg per g liver or per whole liver dienoic increased when 1 % cholesterol was fed with 10 or 20 % peanut oil.