bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long distance pollen‐mediated gene flow at a landscape level: the weed beet as a case study
Authors: FÉNART STÉPHANE , AUSTERLITZ FRÉDÉRIC , CUGUEN JOËL , ARNAUD JEAN‐FRANÇOIS 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGene flow is a crucial parameter that can affect the organization of genetic diversity in plant species. It has important implications in terms of conservation of genetic resources and of gene exchanges between crop to wild relatives and within crop species complex. In the Beta vulgaris complex, hybridization between crop and wild beets in seed production areas is well documented and the role of the ensuing hybrids, weed beets, as bridges towards wild forms in sugar beet production areas have been shown. Indeed, in contrast to cultivated beets that are bi‐annual, weed beets can bolt, flower and reproduce in the same crop season. Nonetheless, the extent of pollen gene dispersal through weedy lineages remains unknown. In this study, the focus is directed towards weed‐to‐weed gene flow, and we report the results of a pollen‐dispersal analysis within an agricultural landscape composed of five sugar beet fields with different levels of infestation by weed beets. Our results, based on paternity analysis of 3240 progenies from 135 maternal plants using 10 microsatellite loci, clearly demonstrate that even if weedy plants are mostly pollinated by individuals from the same field, some mating events occur between weed beets situated several kilometres apart (up to 9.6 km), with rates of interfield‐detected paternities ranging from 11.3% to 17.5%. Moreover, we show that pollen flow appears to be more restricted when individuals are aggregated as most mating events occurred only for short‐distance classes. The best‐fit dispersal curves were fat‐tailed geometric functions for populations exhibiting low densities of weed beets and thin‐tailed Weibull function for fields with weed beet high densities. Thus, weed beet populations characterized by low density with geographically isolated individuals may be difficult to detect but are likely to act as pollen traps for pollen emitted by close and remote fields. Hence, it appears evident that interfield pollen‐mediated gene flow between weed beets is almost unavoidable and could contribute to the diffusion of (trans)genes in the agricultural landscape.
Molecular characterization and experimental host range of Euphorbia mosaic virus‐Yucatan Peninsula, a begomovirus species in the Squash leaf curl virus clade
Authors: Hernández‐Zepeda C. , Idris A. M. , Carnevali G. , Brown J. K. , Moreno‐Valenzuela O. A. 
Published: August 2007

Euphorbia mosaic virus (EuMV), a tentative species within the genus Begomovirus, was isolated from Euphorbia heterophylla plants growing in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The complete bipartite genome was cloned from total DNA extracts and the nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. The DNA‐A sequence of the EuMV‐Yucatan Peninsula (EuMV‐YP) isolate shared 95% nt identity with the partially characterized type EuMV isolate from Puerto Rico. The EuMV‐YP genome organization was like that of other New World, bipartite begomoviruses. The DNA‐A component was 2613 nt in size, while the DNA‐B component was 2602 nt long. The 165‐nt common region (CR) sequence for the DNA‐A and DNA‐B components shared a lower than expected nt identity of 86%. The organization and iterons of the putative AC1 binding site of EuMV‐YP were similar to those of begomoviruses in the Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) clade. Characteristic disease symptoms were reproduced in E. heterophylla plants inoculated at the seedling stage using the cloned viral DNA‐A and DNA‐B components, confirming disease aetiology. Results of an experimental host‐range study for EuMV‐YP indicated that it infected at least five species in three plant families, including the Euphorbiaceae (E. heterophylla), Solanaceae (Datura stramonium, pepper, tomato) and Fabaceae (bean). Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA‐A and DNA‐B components indicated that EuMV‐YP is a New World begomovirus and that it is a new member of the SLCV clade.
Chronic treatment of rats with sodium valproate downregulates frontal cortex NF‐κB DNA binding activity and COX‐2 mRNA1
Authors: Rao Jagadeesh S , Bazinet Richard P , Rapoport Stanley I , Lee Ho‐Joo 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  Valproic acid (VPA) is used to treat bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action is not clear. VPA shares many cellular and molecular targets with lithium, including reducing arachidonic acid turnover in rat brain phospholipids and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) protein level and activity in rat brain.Methods:  We examined the effect of chronic VPA administration (200 mg/kg body weight for 30 days) to produce therapeutically relevant plasma concentrations, on transcription factors (NF‐κB, AP‐1, AP‐2, C/EBP, CREB, and ETS) that are known to regulate the COX‐2 gene.Results:  Chronic VPA significantly increased AP‐1 DNA binding activity and decreased NF‐κB DNA binding activity, p50 subunit protein and mRNA expression of COX‐2 in frontal cortex compared with untreated control rats. It did not alter AP‐2, C/EBP, ETS or CREB DNA binding activity.Conclusions:  VPA downregulates NF‐κB DNA binding activity, likely by decreasing the p50 protein levels. This effect may explain its downregulation of COX‐2 mRNA. The decrease in NF‐κB activity by chronic VPA may affect other NF‐κB‐regulated genes and may be related to VPA's action in bipolar disorder. Chronic VPA may decrease the reported increased brain NF‐κB components in bipolar patients.
Orbitofrontal dysfunction in a monozygotic twin discordant for postpartum affective psychosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Fahim Cherine , Stip Emmanuel , Mancini‐Marïe Adham , Potvin Stéphane , Malaspina Dolores 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Incomplete concordance for psychosis in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been interpreted as indicative of non‐genetic cofactors in transmission of the illness. In this case study, we consider childbirth a landmark in the onset of psychotic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of puerperal psychosis and then to bipolar/schizoaffective disorder. At the end of the third trimester, there is a sudden drop in estrogen, which exerts prominent effects on the serotonergic system in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC).Objectives:  The purpose of the present study was to investigate OFC activation during emotional processing in MZ twins discordant for affective psychosis.Methods:  Blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging was measured during the passive viewing of emotional film excerpts.Results:  Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant locus of activation was found in the left OFC in the normal MZ twin, but not in the psychosis MZ twin.Conclusions:  The personality changes noted in the psychosis MZ twin (postpartum psychosis) may be related to dysfunctional OFC. Ms J's childbirth may have triggered the onset of psychotic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of bipolar or schizoaffective disorder.
Risk of suicide attempt and suicide death in patients treated for bipolar disorder1
Authors: Simon Gregory E , Hunkeler Enid , Fireman Bruce , Lee Janelle Y , Savarino James 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  To evaluate demographic and clinical predictors of suicide attempt and suicide death in a population‐based sample of people treated for bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:  Computerized records were used to identify 32,360 individuals treated for BD at two large prepaid health plans. Suicide attempts were identified using computerized records of outpatient visit diagnoses and hospital discharge diagnoses. Suicide deaths were identified using state death certificate data.Results:  Overall event rates were 1.06 per 1,000 person‐years for suicide death, 5.6 per 1,000 person‐years for suicide attempt leading to hospitalization, and 13.9 per 1,000 person‐years for suicide attempt not leading to hospitalization. Men had a significantly lower rate of suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.83] but a higher rate of suicide death (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.69–4.31). Suicide attempts were significantly more frequent among younger patients, but suicide deaths did not vary significantly by age. Substance use comorbidity was significantly related to risk of suicide attempt (HR 2.53, 95% CI 2.07–3.09) but not to risk of suicide death (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.54–1.93). Comorbid anxiety disorder was associated with significantly higher risk of both suicide attempt (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14–1.72) and suicide death (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.09–2.99).Conclusions:  Among people treated for BD, risk of suicide death is significantly related to male sex and comorbid anxiety disorder. The predictors of suicide death differ markedly from predictors of suicide attempt.
Telling a story, writing a narrative: terminology in health care
Authors: Wiltshire John 
Published: August 2007

Telling a story, writing a narrative: terminology in health careThis paper examines the current use of the terms ‘story’, ‘narrative’ and ‘voice’ within health care. It argues that the focus on narrative forms is related to nursing's professional development of an alternative epistemology to science, and to nursing theorists' mistrust of ‘Enlightenment’ modes. However, in order for this project to be productively developed it is necessary to distinguish story from narrative: the former is an informal activity, the latter is meditative and theoretical. Both have dierapeutic dimensions.
The art of stained glass: metaphor for the art of nursing
Authors: Hess Joanne D 
Published: August 2007

The art of stained glass: metaphor for the art of nursingThe aesthetic is a way of knowing the meaning of and the meaning in the art of nursing. The art of creating stained glass offers a personal metaphor for nursing's essence; the art of caring. Both arts aim to fulfil the potential of their subjects to achieve a harmony that goes beyond their individual components. Stained glass artistry and caring in nursing require technical expertise, yet technical skill and knowledge are not the substance of either art. Both transcend space and time, and the art of stained glass and the art of nursing are influenced by the artist's/nurse's personal, social and cultural history. Just as die artisan transforms the glass and lead and is transformed in the creative moment, so does the caring transaction transform both patient and nurse. This personal reflection explores the nature of caring in nursing as mirrored by the author's work with stained glass.
Art, science and social science in nursing: occupational origins and disciplinary identity
Authors: Rafferty Anne Marie 
Published: August 2007

Art, science and social science in nursing: occupational origins and disciplinary identityThis paper forms part of a wider study examining the history and sociology of nursing education in England between 1860 and 1948. It argues that the question of whether nursing was an art, science and/or social science has been at the ‘heart’ of a wider debate on the occupational status and disciplinary identity of nursing. The view that nursing was essentially an art and a ‘calling’, was championed by Florence Nightingale. Ethel Bedford Fenwick and her allies insisted that nursing, like other professions, was a ‘scientific’ and technical enterprise. Social scientists later came to challenge nursing's claim to professionalism by analysing nursing work first within the context of industrial psychology. But they also advocated a rapprochement between nursing, health services and social science research, a challenge which we are in nursing, still striving to meet This paper argues for a strong coalition of nursing with its former nineteenth century ally, social science, in the continuing struggle for change within nursing and health care policy. Rather than searching for some rarified and purified essence of nursing knowledge, it argues that nurses need to join forces with sociologists and economists in striving to shape the agenda for health services research and provide the evidential basis for health policy transformation more generally.
Multicultural health care: reconciling universalism and particularism
Authors: Fuller Jeff 
Published: August 2007

Multicultural health care: reconciling universalism and particularismOne of the issues of concern in multicultural health care is the degree to which one universal (or mainstream) service can meet the needs of all groups and the extent to which specialist (or ethno‐specific) services are required to meet the needs of particular groups. In order to advance debate on this issue, multiculturalism is examined against concepts of identity, equality, bureaucracy and participation. While the appeal of universal healthcare services is that they appear to deliver equal healdi care to all, they in fact systematically advantage diose whose values most closely fit widi die dominant social norms. Altiiough ethnic‐specific services may overcome diis problem, in that they enable ‘tailor‐made’ care, it is unlikely that diey would be able to meet all of the healdi needs of all people from edinic minorities, especially in locations where numbers are low. Ethnic minority participation in the processes of the healdi system is proposed as a way for die universal health system to reconcile die need to treat people equally (universalism), but in accordance witii dieir unique and different needs (particularism).
Transcultural nursing and a care management partnership project
Authors: Lazure Ginette , Vissandjée Bilkis , Pepin Jacinthe , Kérouac Suzanne 
Published: August 2007

Transcultural nursing and a care management partnership projectThis paper aims to illustrate how Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality has influenced the research process of a study that emerged from a care management partnership between Canadian nursing teachers and Tunisian nurses. The purpose of the study was to investigate the meanings of care as viewed by university hospital‐based Tunisian nurses. The qualitative analysis of data gathered through observation‐participation and interviews highlights recurrent patterns and reveals three major professional care themes. For Tunisian nurses care means to secure the patient's cooperation towards the medical regimen within established rules in die hospital; to contribute to curing the patient by using current technology as well as by maintaining their technical skills and improving their medical knowledge; to take charge of the patient to assist the physician in treating disease. This study showed that Tunisian nurses emphasize curing rather than widely shared community values such as interdependence, intercommunication, understanding, presence and responsibility for odiers. Discussion of die study's findings draws upon the perspective provided by Freire's Oppressed Group Theory. In order to promote cultural congruence within the Care Management Partnership Project in Tunisia, the tfiree predicted modes of care within Leininger's theory guide die decisions and actions for future nursing research and partnership activities.
Gestures of resistance: the nurse's body in contested space
Authors: Savage Jan 
Published: August 2007

Gestures of resistance: the nurse's body in contested spaceThis paper is based on a one‐year ethnographic study that focused on nurse‐patient relationships on a ward where therapeutic nursing and professional autonomy were explicit nursing goals. Through participant observation and semi‐structured interviews, it was found that nurses, as a team, adopted a highly relaxed form of posture. Their informal and open stance served to emphasize their ‘closeness’ with patients, supporting nurses' claim of a special role in the healthcare team, and making flesh some of the differences between nursing and medical roles. The interpretation of nurses' bodily practice rested in part on the meanings given to the ward space: patients felt the ward to be a private domain in which nurses' informality endorsed their sense of being cared for as if by family, while for medical staff the ward remained a public space in which female nurses tacitly challenged their authority as men through the adoption of a masculine bodily praxis. The paper thus looks at links between the gendered body, the gendered professions of medicine and nursing, and the gendered nature of space. It argues that work on occupational closure has previously privileged the discursive, and suggests that understanding how nurses arbitrate professional boundaries in everyday practice will benefit from consideration of the nurse's body as a point of political resistance.
Definitions of oppression
Authors: G. LeBlanc Raeann 
Published: August 2007

Definitions of oppressionHow we begin to serve others as healthcare professionals and how it is we define underserved and oppressed peoples is important in understanding issues in the organization and allocation of health care. This exploration, based on feminist post‐structuralist theory, explores how nurses formulate definitions of 'underserved' and 'vulnerable'. This study goes beyond prescribed definitions to locate meanings used to identify oppression. I present, through an analysis of a literature search, the context and construction of the terms 'vulnerable population' and 'medically underserved'. Professional nursing journals are the source of relevant text. The implications of working with particular understandings of the terms 'vulnerable' and 'underserved' is based on my assumption that healthcare providers need to critically focus on the personal and political meanings they attribute to the labels used to define the clients and communities with whom they work. The presentation of this material supports that the way we define 'vulnerable' and 'underserved' is related to how our work fighting racism, ageism, AIDS, poverty, homophobia, addiction, domestic violence, sexism and colonization is realized.
Clinical outcome of surgical management for patients with renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava
Authors: Terakawa Tomoaki , Miyake Hideaki , Takenaka Atsushi , Hara Isao , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: August 2007

Background:  The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome after surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) extending to the inferior vena cava (IVC).Methods:  This study included a total of 55 patients (41 men and 14 women; mean age, 59.3 years) with RCC (39 right‐ and 16 left‐sided tumors) involving the IVC, who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy between 1983 and 2005 at a single institution in Japan. The level of thrombus was classified as follows: level I, infrahepatic; level II, intrahepatic; level III, suprahepatic; and level IV, extending to the atrium. Clinicopathological data from these patients were retrospectively reviewed to identify factors associated with survival.Results:  There were 11 and 18 patients who were diagnosed as having lymph node and distant metastases, respectively. Twenty‐two patients had tumor thrombus in level I, 20 in level II, 10 in level III, and 3 in level IV. Pathological examinations demonstrated that 34 and 21 patients had clear cell carcinoma and non‐clear cell carcinoma, respectively, 42, 9 and 4 were pT3b, pT3c and pT4, respectively, and 6, 35 and 14 were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Cancer‐specific 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of these 55 patients were 74.5%, 51.4% and 30.3%, respectively. Among several factors examined, clinical stage (P = 0.047), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016), histological subtype (P = 0.034) and tumor grade (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with cancer‐specific survival by univariate analysis. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated clinical stage (P = 0.037) and tumor grade (P < 0.001) as independent predictors of cancer‐specific survival irrespective of other significant factors identified by univariate analysis.Conclusions:  In patients with RCC involving the IVC, biological aggressiveness characterized by tumor grade rather than tumor extension would have more potential prognostic importance; therefore, more intensive multimodal therapy should be considered in patients with high grade RCC with tumor thrombus extending into the IVC.
Cortistatin promotes and negatively correlates with slow‐wave sleep
Authors: Bourgin Patrice , Fabre Véronique , Huitrón‐Reséndiz Salvador , Henriksen Steven J. , Prospero‐Garcia Oscar , Criado José R. , De Lecea Luis 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSleep need is characterized by the level of slow‐wave activity (SWA) and increases with time spent awake. The molecular nature of this sleep homeostatic process is practically unknown. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular administration of the neuropeptide, cortistatin (CST‐14), enhances EEG synchronization by selectively promoting deep slow‐wave sleep (SWS) during both the light and dark period in rats. CST‐14 also increases the level of slow‐wave activity (SWA) within deep SWS during the first two hours following CST‐14 administration. Steady‐state levels of preprocortistatin mRNA oscillate during the light : dark cycle and are four‐fold higher upon total 24‐h sleep deprivation, returning progressively to normal levels after eight hours of sleep recovery. Preprocortistatin mRNA is expressed upon sleep deprivation in a particular subset of cortical interneurons that colocalize with c‐fos. In contrast, the number of CST‐positive cells coexpressing pERK1/2 decreases under sleep deprivation. The capacity of CST‐14 to increase SWA, together with preprocortistatin's inverse correlation with time spent in SWS, suggests a potential role in sleep homeostatic processes.
Aldolase C‐positive cerebellar Purkinje cells are resistant to delayed death after cerebral trauma and AMPA‐mediated excitotoxicity
Authors: Slemmer Jennifer E. , Haasdijk Elize D. , Engel Doortje C. , Plesnila Nikolaus , Weber John T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe cerebellum has been shown to be vulnerable to global ischemic damage in tightly controlled zones of Purkinje cells (PCs) that lack aldolase C, an enzyme critical for glycolysis. Here, we investigated whether aldolase C‐negative PCs were more likely to die after cerebral trauma in vivo, and whether this death was mediated by excitotoxic [α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA)‐mediated] means in vitro. Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact, or remained uninjured, and were killed at 6 h, 24 h or 7 days after injury. Cerebellar sections (both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of cerebral injury) were stained against aldolase C and calbindin (a marker of PCs). The number of viable, calbindin‐positive PCs decreased significantly at 24 h and 7 days after injury, and the percentage of surviving, aldolase C‐positive PCs significantly increased at those time‐points. In addition, we subjected murine cerebellar cultures to AMPA (30 µm, 20 min), which killed a significant number of PCs at 24 h post‐treatment. A similar number of PCs was lost after transfection with aldolase C siRNA, and this effect was exacerbated in transfected cultures treated with AMPA. The results from the present study indicate that aldolase C provides marked neuroprotection to PCs after trauma and excitotoxicity.