bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of gastrin secretion by hypertonic solutions in patients with pernicious anaemia and duodenal ulcer
Authors: BRANDSBORG M. , LøVGREEN N. A. , BRANDSBORG O. , CHRISTENSEN N. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Serum gastrin increased in patients with pernicious anaemia after a beef‐meal, but decreased after an oral load of glucose, xylose or sodium chloride. 50 g of glucose and 25 or 75 g of xylose suppressed serum gastrin to appoximately 40% of basal values at 60 min and were slightly more effective than 10 g of sodium chloride.There was no rise in beef‐meal stimulated serum gastrin concentration in vagotomized patients and only a slight rise in two patients with duodenal ulcer when an oral dose of 10 g of sodium chloride was given together with the beef‐meal. 25 g of xylose suppressed basal serum gastrin concentration significantly in six vagotomized patients.Nasal administration of small amounts of vasopressin decreased basal serum gastrin significantly in all subjects examined. Further studies indicated, however, that vasopressin was only effective when pharmacological plasma concentrations were attained.The inhibitory effects of 10 g of glucose given orally and intraduodenally were compared in six patients with pernicious anaemia. Serum gastrin concentration decreased approximately to the same extent in both experiments.It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of glucose on gastrin secretion most likely is mediated hormonally via osmo‐receptors located in the small intestine.
Haemostatic effects of lysine vasopressin and triglycyl lysine vasopressin infusion in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: PROWSEy C. V. , DOUGLAS J. G. , FORREST J. A. H. , FORSLING M. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Eight patients with cirrhosis were infused with lysine vasopressin (10 ng LVP) and triglycyl lysine vasopressin (750 μg and 2000 fig Glypressin, GVP) on separate occasions. LVP infusion resulted in an increase in factor VIII, factor VHI‐related antigen and plasminogen activator (PA). The factor VIII antigen: activity ratio decreased following infusion, but factor VIII electrophoretic mobility and in vitro decay rate were unchanged.GVP infusion produced no change in factor VIII or PA. Assay of vasopressin‐like antigen and antidiuretic activity showed that GVP is cleaved to LVP in vivo. The low levels of LVP formed by this reaction might explain the prolonged vasometer effects of GVP, as well as its inability to cause release of factor VIII or PA.
Regulation of sterol synthesis in human intestinal mucosa
Authors: BETTERIDGE D. J. , KRONE W. , MIDDLETON CAROLE , GALTON D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of dietary factors and experimental manipulations designed to perturb the entero‐hepatic circulation on the rate of sterol synthesis were studied in freshly isolated human jejunal mucosa from normal subjects.Fasting significantly reduced the rate of sterol synthesis from [14C] acetate in jejunal mucosa obtained from normolipaemic obese subjects. A high cholesterol diet had no consistent effect on the synthesis in normal subjects. Administration of cholestyramine resulted in a marked rise in the incorporation of [14C] acetate into sterols, while the administration of chenodeoxycholic acid did not significantly reduce basal sterol synthesis in normal subjects.These results demonstrate that in man the rate of sterol synthesis in intestinal mucosa is altered in response to physiological variables. Although these findings indicate that sterol synthesis in this tissue is subject to regulation, no difference was observed in basal sterol synthesis between normal subjects and patients heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss: controlled 2‐year study in 315 normal females
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN CLAUS , CHRISTENSEN MERETE S. , McNAIR PETER , HAGEN CLAUS , STOCKLUND KNUD‐ERIK , TRANSBØL IB 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. With the aim of preventing postmenopausal bone loss, a placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial of 2 years duration was performed. We randomized 315 healthy volunteers in their early natural menopause to seven treatment and three placebo groups: 17β‐oestra‐diol, oestriol and sequential norethisteron (hormones); bendroflumethiazide 5 mg/day (thiazide); hormones and thiazide; sodium fluoride 20 mg/day; vitamin D3 2000 IU/day (D3); fluoride and D3; and lα (OH) vitamin D3 0–25 μg/day (lαD3). All participants were given daily calcium supplement of 500 mg. Every 3 months we measured the bone mineral content (BMC) of both forearms by photon absorptiometry and chemical quantities in blood and 48 h urinary collections. The study was completed by 264 (84%).The combined placebo groups snowed a linear fall in BMC reaching 3‐3 % after 2 years (P < 0–001). Hormones and hormones and thiazide led to a 2–5% gain in BMC (P < 001). Thiazide alone postponed the BMC fall for 6 months. After 2 years the thiazide group showed a BMC fall of 1–5% (P < 0–05), less than that of the placebo group (P < 0–05). BMC declined by 3–6%, 4–5%, 3–7% and 3–7% during the respective use of fluoride, D3, fluoride and D3 and lαD3. Nevertheless, the urinary calcium excretion during lαD3 and D3 treatment was 1‐1‐5 mmol/day higher than in the placebo groups.Apparently, there is no real alternative to oestro‐gen/gestagen in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
The effect of maximal exertion on the levels of plasma peptides in cyclists with different physical working capacities
Authors: MARKIEWICZ K. ONSTANTY , LUTZ WALDEMAR , CHOLEWA MARIAN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The studies were carried out on thirty‐one sportsmen, cyclists aged 21–28 years, after the termination of a training course just before the start of their season. They exercised on a bicycle ergometer according to the following schedule: 30 N at 60 rev/min for 6 min, 40 N at 70 rev/min for 5 min, 50 N at 80 rev/min for 5 min and 50 N at 90 rev/min until exhaustion. According to the level of training the subjects were divided into three groups. In the three groups of cyclists were determined the concentrations of total plasma peptides and their individual fractions obtained by gel‐filtration on Sephadex G‐10.It was found that the total plasma peptide concentration varied with the level of fitness. The lowest plasma peptide concentration was observed in cyclists with the lowest level of fitness and it differed from those observed in cyclists with intermediary and high levels of fitness. After exercise the biggest increase in plasma peptide concentration was found in the cyclists with the low level of fitness, and the lowest one in those with the high level of fitness.Individual plasma peptide fractions also revealed differences before and after exercise depending on the level of fitness.
Bile acids and their sulphated and glucuronidated derivatives in bile, plasma, and urine of children with intrahepatic cholestasis: effects of phenobarbital treatment
Authors: STIEHL A. , BECKER M. , CZYGAN P. , FROHLING W. , KOMMERELL B. , ROTTHAUWE H. W. , SENN M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Bile acids and their sulphated and glucuronidated derivatives were studied in three children with persistent intrahepatic cholestasis, two children with intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia, and four healthy children.In children with cholestasis, biliary bile acids consisted of 11(±0–3) % 3 β‐hydroxy‐delta‐5‐cholenoic acid, 2‐1(± 0–6) % lithocholic acid, 2‐2(± 11) % deoxy‐cholic acid, 5–8(±2‐2) % ursodeoxycholic acid, 39‐1(± 1 ‐4) % chenodeoxycholic acid, 0–5(± 0 2) % hyo‐cholic acid, and 49‐3(± 3 0) % cholic acid. Of these bile acids 121 (±l 9) % were sulphated and 4–5 (±0 6) % were glucuronidated. In healthy children, biliary bile acids consisted of 0–7 (±0–4) % lithocholic acid, 3–4 (±0 8.) % deoxycholic acid, 0–1 (±0 1) % ursodeoxycholic acid, 32‐7 (±6 9) % chenodeoxycholic acid, and 631 (±7 1) % cholic acid. Of these bile acids, 0–6±0 1 % were sulphated and 0–2 ±0 1% were glucuronidated (mean ± SEM).In the urine of healthy children, 3‐3(±0 6) mg/24 h bile acids (1–5±0 3 mg sulphates and 0–1 ±0 1 mg glucuronides) were excreted, in the urine of children with cholestasis 61‐4 (± 10 2) mg/24 h (30 2 ±7 1 mg sulphates and 5 6 ±1 2 mg glucuronides) were excreted. Thus in children with cholestasis the amounts of sulphated and glucuronidated bile acids are greater than in healthy controls. Substantial amounts of sulphated and glucuronidated bile acids are excreted in bile and urine of these patients.Phenobarbitone treatment in the five children with cholestasis led to a reduction of serum bile acids from 90 4 (± 13 2) μg/ml to 39 3(±3 6) μ//ml, a relative increase of bile acid glucuronides in bile from 45 (±0 6)% to 8 l(±0 6)%, a slight alteration of the bile acid sulphates in bile from 121(±l 9) % to 111 (± 1 2)% and no alteration of the bile acid spectrum. Urinary excretion of bile acids decreased from 61 4 (± 10 2) mg/24 h to 34 7(±3 0) mg/24 h. Phenobarbitone treatment of children with cholestasis thus induced glucuronidation of bile acids but had no significant effect on sulphation or on formation of individual bile acids.
Inhibition of human fat cell adenylate cyclase mediated via alpha‐adrenoceptors
Authors: KATHER HORST , PRIES JOCHEN , SCHRADER VOLKER , SIMON BERND 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Human adipose tissue contains alpha‐ as well as β‐adrenoceptor sites mediating antagonistic catecholamine effects on lipolysis. To characterize the mechanisms of catecholamine action in biochemical terms we have studied the effects of the almost pure β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol and of the mixed adrenergic agonist adrenaline on human fat cell adenylate cyclase in the presence of alpha‐ and β‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs.In contrast to the almost pure β‐adrenergic agent isoproterenol, the mixed agonist adrenaline, besides its stimulatory action, also had inhibitory effects which became apparent upon complete β‐adrenoceptor blockade using 005 mmol/1 propranolol. Under these conditions adrenaline caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of basal and parathyroid hormone‐activated enzymic activity with a maximum of 30–50%, which was dependent on GTP and could be reversed by simultaneous alpha‐adrenergic blockade using 5 μmol/1 dihydroergotamine or 10 μmol/1 phentolamine. These results support the concept of antogonistic alpha‐ and β‐adrenoceptor sites coexisting as regulatory subunits of the human fat cell adenylate cyclase.
Bile acid synthesis and excretion following release of total extrahepatic cholestasis by percutaneous transhepatic drainage
Authors: EKLUND ARNE , NORLANDER ANDERS , NORMAN ARNE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Urinary, biliary and serum bile acids were studied in three patients before and after percutaneous transhepatic drainage for total bile duct obstruction.Before drainage high urinary excretion often different bile acids occurred. The percentage distribution was: cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid (66–86%), hyo‐cholic (3–16%), 3β 12α‐dihydroxy‐5‐cholenoic (3–6%) and 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid (2–8%). These acids were regularly found in serum. In addition small amounts (less than 2%) of norcholic, allocholic, 3β, 7α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic, 3α, 7α‐dihydroxy‐5α‐cholanoic and lithocholic acid were excreted in urine. Trace amounts of these bile acids were found in serum.After start of drainage biliary bile acid excretion increased rapidly during the first day, dropped to a minimum during the second or third day and then slowly increased again. In spite of normal volumes of bile produced, the total serum bile acids and the urinary excretion of bile acids remained increased during a drainage period of 19 days. The bile acids were of the same type as observed during cholestasis. In serum the increase was mainly due to high concentrations of chenodeoxycholic and 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid, as sulphate esters.Glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and hyocholic acid were mainly excreted in bile. Bile acid sulphate esters were only present in trace amounts in bile and were mainly excreted in urine. This, combined with low renal clearance, explains the elevated serum levels of sulphate esters of chenodeoxycholic and 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid conjugates.
Is there a renal phosphorus leak in recurrent renal stone formers with absorptive hypercalciuria?
Authors: TSCHOPE W. , RITZ E. , SCHMIDT‐GAYK H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In ten male hypophosphataemic hypercal‐ciuric recurrent renal stone formers with absorptive hypercalciuria and ten male normophosphataemic normocalciuric control persons, fasting plasma and urine chemistry was studied throughout the day under basal conditions and following an oral phosphorus load. After overnight fasting, plasma phosphorus and TMP/GFR were lower and urinary calcium higher in patients than in controls. Both in patients and controls, plasma phosphorus rose throughout the morning hours. In the afternoon, plasma phosphorus was almost equal in patients and controls. The circadian rise of plasma phosphorus despite no increase of urinary phosphorus argues against the presence of a fixed renal tubular phosphorus leak in absorptive hypercalciuria, at least in the fasting state.Patients differed from controls not only with respect to urinary calcium, but also with respect to fasting absolute and fractional urinary excretion of sodium and chloride. Increased fractional urinary sodium was found both in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Since tubular reabsorption of phosphorus and the setting of fasting plasma phosphorus depend, among other factors, on tubular handling of sodium, the finding may be relevant for the genesis of transient fasting hypophosphataemia in absorptive hypercalciuria.
Structural and functional correlations in the atrophic mucosa of self‐emptying blind loops of rat jejunum
Authors: ROBINSON J. W. L. , MENGE H. , SCHROEDER P. , RIECKEN E. O. , MELLE G. VAN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Marked atrophy of the mucosa develops in self‐emptying blind loops of rat jejunum. The application of microdissection techniques revealed a 74% reduction in the mucosal surface area of the blind loops, 3 weeks after their creation.Kinetic studies of the influx of L‐phenylalanine and β‐methyI‐D‐glucoside into rings of blind loops showed that the Km for both mechanisms was unchanged, but that there was a small reduction in the Kmax, for both substrates, when expressed in terms of unit weight of incubated tissue; this attained 31% for phenylalanine and 12% for β‐methyl‐glucoside.When the kinetic data were combined with the mor‐phometric results, it could be shown that the Vmax for both substrates, when expressed per unit area of mucosal surface, was more than twice as large in the blind loop epithelium as in normal tissue. Such findings indicate either that the individual cells of the blind loop epithelium possess more transport sites than normal. or that there is a greater proportion of absorptive cells within the blind loop mucosa.
Renin uptake by the right kidney in the rat following partial clamping of the left renal artery
Authors: MEIGNAN M. , MENARD J. , BONVALET J. P. , ROUFFIGNAC C. DE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Renin secretion from both kidneys was studied in eleven Wistar rats for 40 min after partial clamping of the left renal artery. 14C Inulin and 3H para aminohippuric acid clearance and the arterial and venous plasma renin concentrations were measured in each kidney during control and experimental procedures.After clamping, the arterial plasma renin concentration increased and correlated positively with the plasma renin concentration in both renal veins. However, the plasma renin concentration of the right renal vein was lower than the arterial concentration (P<0–01). The slope correlating the two variables is significantly lower than unity (P < 0–05, n ‐ 19). As the left kidney secreted a large amount of renin, calculation of secretion by the right kidney decreased to negative values, implying renin uptake by this kidney.These data suggest the existence of a balance between the two kidneys. Renin secretion appears to maintain an equilibrium between release by the juxtaglomerular apparatus and removal from the blood into interstitial space. Release seems to predominate in the hypo perfused kidney, and removal in the contralateral kidney. This may result from the increase of the circulating angiotensin II, since we observed a direct correlation between renin uptake and the arterial plasma renin concentration.
Effects of parathroid hormone and calcitonin on plasma and nephrogenous cclic adenosine‐3.,5 ‐monophosphate in normal subjects and in pathological conditions
Authors: CANIGGIA ANGELO , GENNARI CARLO , LORE FAUSTO , NUTI RANUCCIO , GALLI MARCO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To evaluate the response of bone cells and kidne to parathroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT), the acute effects of these hormones given intravenousl on plasma cclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophos‐phate (cAMP), nephrogenous cAMP and clearance ratio (cAMPxreatinine), have been studied in normal subjects and in patients with Paget's disease, hpoparathroidism and osteopetrosis.Twent‐five subjects were given bovine snthetic PTH, thirt‐eight calcitonin (sixteen salmon, eighteen human and four porcine CT).A different relative potenc of calcitonins in increasing plasma cAMP has been observed in normal subjects, according to previous results on the plasma calcium lowering effect. Paget's disease patients showed a greater increase in plasma cAMP following infusion than normal subjects.The measurement of nephrogenous cAMP and the clearance ratio (cAMP: creatinine) demonstrated a minor involvement of the kidne in the production of cAMP after CT infusion; the late increase observed in nephrogenous cAMP was probabl due to a parathroid rebound following the hpocalcaemic effect of CT.
Hormonal and metabolic characteristics of geneticall obese Zucker and dietar obese Sprague‐Dawle rats
Authors: NOSADINI ROMANO , URSINI FULVIO , TESSARI PAOLO , GAROTTI MARIA CHIARA , BIASI FLORA DE , TIENGO ANTONIO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The endocrine‐metabolic plasma pattern and the capacit of isolated perfused livers to produce triglcerides and ketone bodies have been studied in geneticall and diet‐acquired obese rats (Zucker and Sprague‐Dawle obese rats), and in control groups of the same strains.An increased plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio with hperinsulinaemia and hpoglucagonaemia was associated with hpertriglceridaemia, normal ketonaemia, elevated free fatt acids and normal or slight hperglcaemia in obese rats.During oleate perfusion, the livers of Zucker and Sprague‐Dawle obese rats showed an increase in triglceride output and liver triglceride content. The ketone bod output as well as the mitochondrial carnitine palmitol transferase activit were normal or slightl decreased.In our rat population, a positive correlation between the insulin/glucagon molar ratio and triglceride output has been found.
Lipoprotein snthesis and secretion b cultured human intestinal mucosa
Authors: RACHMILEWITZ D. , SHARON P. , EISENBERG S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. We tested whether cultured human jejunal mucosa incorporates fatt acid into esterified lipids and whether organ culture can serve as a model ss'em to stud lipoprotein secretion b the human gut. Jejunal biopsies obtained from seven subjects were cultured for 24 h in medium containing 2 μCi of [3H]palmitic acid. More than 95% of the radioactivit incorporated b the tissue was found to be associated with esterified lipids: triglcerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids, 7–8±1–2, 0–5±01 and 14‐0±1–5 nmol/10 mg weight respectivel. During the culture labelled triglcerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters were secreted to the medium. Most of the newl snthesized esterified lipids in the medium were found in the d < 1 019 g/ml and d= 1019–1063 g/ml fractions. The majorit of the newl snthesized triglcerides were found in the d < 1 019 g/ml fraction. Labelled cholesterol esters were enriched in the d= 1 ‐063‐1‐21 g/ml fraction.Boiled biopsies adsorbed negligible amounts of radioactive palmitic acid and did not snthesize esterified lipids. The addition of puromcin to the culture medium and preincubation with colchicine resulted in decreased uptake of the labelled fatt acid and decreased secretion of esterified lipids to the medium. These experiments indicate that cultured human intestinal mucosa is a suitable model to stud lipid snthesis and lipoprotein secretion b the human intestine.
Irradiation and gastro‐intestinal fibrinolsis: an experimental stud in the rat
Authors: STENBERG BJÖRN , RISBERG BO , PETERSON HANS‐INGE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Tissue fibrinolsis in the rat stomach and transverse colon was studied after X‐ra irradiation of the abdomen. Tissue biopsies were examined on un‐heated fibrin plates and with a histochemical technique modified from Todd.A significantl increased fibrinoltic activit was found in the mucosa of the stomach and colon 3 das after irradiation, while fibrinolsis localized to submucosal vessels was unchanged.Mucosal fibrinolsis in the stomach was significantl inhibited b intragastric administration of tranexamic acid.
Microanalsis and X‐ra fluorescence spectrometr of platelets in diseases with elevated muscle calcium
Authors: YAROM R. , BLATT J. , GORODETSK R. , ROBIN G. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Electron microscopic X‐ra microanalsis and X‐ra fluorescence spectrometr were done on platelets from patients with Duchenne muscular dstroph and idiopathic scoliosis (both these conditions are known to be associated with increased intramo‐fibre calcium)A significant increase in calcium and phosphorus concentrations was found in the dense granules and whole cells of both conditions.The findings suggest that idiopathic scoliosis like Duchenne muscular dstroph is a multisstem disease with detectable changes in platelets.
Subcellular localization and properties of adenosine triphosphatase in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Authors: SMITH G. P. , PETERS T. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Magnesium‐dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+‐ATPase) activities were studied in human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Kinetic studies on whole leucocyte homogenates produced curvilinear kinetics suggesting the presence of at least two forms of Mg2+‐ATPase.Neutrophils were homogenized in isotonic sucrose and, after low‐speed centrifugation, the supernatant was subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation. Gradient fractions were assayed for Mg2+‐ATPase and for principal organelle marker enzymes. Mg2+‐ATPase was distributed between the plasma membrane, mitochondrial and cytosol fractions. Kinetic and inhibitor studies on Mg2+‐ATPase from each localization indicated the presence of three forms of the enzyme. The plasma membrane and mitochondrial activities had a Km value of 0.2 mmol/1 for ATP, whilst the Km for the cytosolic enzyme was 1 ‐8 mmol/I. Inhibitor studies showed further differences between the three enzymes.Neutrophils were isolated from control subjects, patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and patients in the third trimester of pregnancy. The specific activities (mUnits/mg protein) of Mg2+‐ATPase, in contrast to those of alkaline phosphatase, were similar in all three patient groups. This result, together with the fractionation experiments and inhibitor studies, strongly suggest that the ATPase is not attributable to neutrophil alkaline phosphatase.