bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Implications of Peer Monitoring
Authors: Loughry Misty L. , Tosi Henry L. 
Published: May 2008

Peer monitoring, which occurs when individuals notice and respond to their peers' behavior or performance results, is an informal organizational control that has not been extensively studied. Agency theory suggests that peer monitoring should be associated with higher performance because it allows workers whose interests are aligned with those of the organization to encourage their peers to perform well and deters inappropriate behavior by increasing the chances that it would be detected.This paper considers two research questions. The first is, “What is peer monitoring?” We found two types of peer monitoring. Direct peer monitoring occurs when workers notice their peers' behavior or results and respond in a forthright way, such as correcting coworkers who make mistakes. Indirect peer monitoring occurs when workers gossip about or avoid poorly performing peers. The second research question is, “Is peer monitoring associated with higher work-unit performance?” We examined the effects of both types of peer monitoring on the performance of 67 theme park work units. We considered supervisory monitoring, task interdependence, and cohesiveness as moderators.We measured performance as the degree to which the work unit is free of employee behavior problems and found a positive main effect of direct peer monitoring. The effect was stronger when supervisory monitoring was low or task interdependence was high. Indirect peer monitoring did not have a main effect on work-unit performance, but when supervisory monitoring or cohesiveness was high, indirect peer monitoring was associated with lower performance. We discuss these results and suggest areas for future research.
Treatment Alternatives for Overweight and Obesity: The Role of Online Interventions
Authors: Baulch Jacqueline , Chester Andrea , Brennan Leah 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis review examines the application of online interventions to the treatment of obesity. The unprecedented prevalence rates of overweight and obesity worldwide are indicative of the need to develop efficacious treatment alternatives. While research suggests that diet, physical activity and behaviour therapy are core components of effective obesity treatment programs, their ability to penetrate large portions of the population is limited. The empirically verified effectiveness of online interventions for disorders such as depression and social phobia, coupled with unparalleled rates of internet access, suggest that online interventions for overweight and obesity are a feasible and logical treatment modality. A limited number of randomised controlled trials reviewed in this article have evaluated the efficacy of this treatment alternative. Results are promising and encourage further use, development and empirical research in this area.
Experiential Avoidance in Civilian War Survivors With Current Versus Recovered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Morina Nexhmedin , Stangier Ulrich , Risch Anne Katrin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following war-related stress. Eighty-four civilian war survivors were assigned to one of three PTSD groups — current PTSD, recovered PTSD and non-PTSD. Groups were subsequently compared in regard to experiential avoidance. Results indicated significantly higher rates of experiential avoidance and psychological distress in the current PTSD group as compared with the recovered PTSD and non-PTSD groups. The recovered PTSD and non-PTSD groups did not significantly differ.
Convergent Validity and Test–Retest Reliability of the Oxford Physical Activity Questionnaire for Secondary School Students
Authors: Lubans David R. , Sylva Kathy , Osborn Zane 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the convergent validity and test–retest reliability of the Oxford Physical Activity Questionnaire (OPAQ), a self-administered questionnaire designed to assess the activity patterns of adolescents. The test–retest reliability of the OPAQ was assessed by administering the questionnaire on two occasions separated by 1 week (N = 87, mean age = 13.1 ± .9). Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to examine the test–retest reliability of the OPAQ. The convergent validity of the OPAQ was evaluated using Caltrac accelerometers worn consecutively for 4 days (N = 51, mean age = 12.6 ± .5). Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to examine the convergent validity of the questionnaire. ICCs ranged from .76 to .91 and reliability was higher for males (r = .89) than females (r = .78). Correlations between self-reported physical activity and Caltrac accelerometer counts were related to vigorous physical activity (r = .33, p = .01) and moderate to vigorous activity (r = .32, p = .02). The OPAQ has excellent test–retest reliability and acceptable validity in comparison to other measures of youth physical activity.
Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy Combined With an Interpersonal Skills Component in the Treatment of Generalised Anxiety Disorder in Adolescent Females: A Case Series
Authors: Waters Allison M. , Donaldson Jillian , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study describes the outcomes of a manualised treatment for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in female adolescents that combined traditional cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with an interpersonal skills (IP) component. The CBT component included psychoeducation, somatic management, cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy and problem-solving. The IP component targeted interpersonal avoidance, passive and aggressive interpersonal styles, and co-rumination. Four female adolescents with a principal diagnosis of GAD participated in 10 weekly 1-hour sessions. Adolescent- and parent-report diagnostic interviews and questionnaires were completed at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment, and at 3-months follow-up. Reductions in GAD and depressive symptoms and improvements in interpersonal functioning for all participants on both adolescent- and parent-report measures suggest that the combination of CBT and IP can benefit adolescent girls with GAD.
Obsessive–Compulsive Contamination Fears and Anorexia Nervosa: The Application of the New Psycho-Educational Treatment of Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT)
Authors: Drummond Lynne M. , Kolb Peter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe case history of a woman with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with contamination fears is presented. These contamination fears centred on her fear of contamination by fat and fatty substances as she worried about gaining weight. Previous treatment with graded exposure had shown no clinically significant benefits. She was admitted to a specialist unit for the treatment of OCD as an inpatient. Due to the previous failure of the recognised psychological treatments for OCD it was decided to use the new psychoeducational approach of danger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT). This treatment resulted in an improvement in her OCD symptoms despite the fact that the emphasis of the treatment was on the risk of bacteria and dirt. It is believed that this is the first documented case of DIRT being used for a patient with anorexia nervosa and OCD.
Kisspeptin and KISS1R: a critical pathway in the reproductive system
Authors: Gianetti Elena , Seminara Stephanie 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn 2003, three groups around the world simultaneously discovered that KISS1R (GPR54) is a key gatekeeper of sexual maturation in both mice and men. Developmental changes in the expression of the ligand for KISS1R, kisspeptin, support its critical role in the pubertal transition. In addition, kisspeptin, a powerful stimulus of GNRH-induced gonadotropin secretion and may modulate both positive and negative sex steroid feedback effects at the hypothalamic level. Genetic studies in humans have revealed both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and precocious puberty respectively. This review examines the kisspeptin/KISS1R pathway in the reproductive system.
Laparoscopos csomózásr
Authors: Barabás Loránd , Sipos Péter 
Published: May 2008

Absztrakt
A sebek fonallal való zárását a sebészet és a technika fejlődésének következtében rutinszerűen a 20. században kezdték alkalmazni. A nyitott műtéteknél alkalmazott fonalcsomózási technika könnyen elsajátítható és alkalmazható, ezzel szemben a laparoscopos műtétek során a csomózás nehezebb, és új problémákat vetett fel. A laparoscopos érlekötés, varrás, anastomosis készítése kiszélesítette a laparoscopos sebészet lehetőségeit. A laparoscopos csomó elkészítésének helye vagy intracorporalis, vagy extracorporalis. A leggyakrabban használt intracorporalis csomó lehet a “tumble square knot”, Dundee-, Aberdeen-, hajóscsomó és Blood-csomó. Az intracorporalis csomózás kivitelezése időnként nehéz, ami a kétdimenziós kép, a tactilis érzés hiányára és a korlátozott mozgási lehetőségre vezethető vissza, hátránya, hogy meglazulhat. A legismertebb extracorporalis csomók: Duncan-, Roeder-, módosított 4-S Roeder-, Tayside-, Yanni- és GEA-csomó. Az extracorporalis csomózás kivitelezése könnyebb, hátránya, hogy a csomózás ideje alatt a műtéti terület szemellenőrzése megszakad, a csomó helyére tolása közben a túlzott feszülés szöveti traumát okozhat. A különböző szövetekhez és fonaltípusokhoz különböző csomó és csomóletoló eszköz használata ajánlott. A robotsebészet bevezetésével a laparoscopos varrás és csomózás pontossága, biztonsága megnőtt, a műtéti idő lerövidülhet, ugyanakkor az alapműveletek gyakorlására is mód nyílik.
Jejunalis polyposisból származó heveny gastrointestinalis vérzés diagnosztikája és eredményes kezeléser
Authors: Sugár István , Forgács Bence , Bognár Gábor , Szabolcs Zoltán , Zalatnay Attila , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: May 2008

AbsztraktA szerzők egy 50 éves férfi esetét ismertetik, akinek masszív gastrointestinalis vérzése kiterjedt jejunalis polyposisból származott. Ismertetik a diagnosztikus nehézségeket, majd az eredményes műtéti kezelést. A raritásnak tartható eset kapcsán saját tapasztalataik és az irodalmi ismeretek alapján összefoglalják a vékonybél-eredetű, heveny gastrointestinalis vérzés diagnosztikájának és terápiájának lehetőségeit.
Kétoldali légmell egyidejű műtéti kezelése videothoracoscopos (VATS) műtéttelr
Authors: Balogh Gábor , Almuhtadi Khaled , ifj. Balogh Gábor , Patak Krisztina , Zádori Péter , Bogyó Levente , Tóth László 
Published: May 2008

Absztrakt
A szerzők egy fiatal férfi beteg kétoldali légmellének videothoracoscopos műtéttel történő egyidejű kezeléséről számolnak be. A műtét eredményességében jelentős szerepet kapott az endoscopos varrógép. A szerzők megállapítják, hogy a kétoldali légmell videothoracoscopos kezelése (VATS) a beteg számára minimális megterhelést jelent, és a korábbi módszereknél eredményesebb. Különösen kétoldali pneumothorax esetében a kockázatot és a műtéti szövődmények kialakulását jelentősen csökkentő műtéti módszer.
Az ischaemiatolerancia növelésének lehetőségei a májsebészetbenr
Authors: Szijártó Attila 
Published: May 2008

Absztrakt
A szerző az ischaemia-reperfusio kapcsán fellépő kórállapotokat elemzi kísérletes májműtétek kapcsán. Célkitűzés: Kísérleteim célja a máj kiterjesztett, műtéti resectiója során fellépő ischaemia és az ischaemiatolerancia, továbbá egy, endogén defenzív mechanizmussal bíró ischaemiás preconditionálás (IP), illetve az oxidatív stressz hatására aktiválódó poli(ADP-ribóz) polimeráz enzimet gátló vegyület (PJ-34) és az antioxidáns potenciállal bíró glutamin (Gln) kísérletes vizsgálata volt IR modellben. Anyagok és módszer: Az első kísérletben Wistar-patkányok máján változó időtartamú (30-45-60-90 perc) segmentalis ischaemiát hoztunk létre, IP-sal kiegészítve. A második kísérletsorozatban PJ-34-, Gln-előkezelés történt 60 perces ischaemiával. A microcirculatiós változásokat laser Doppler flowmeterrel mértük. A módszer alkalmazásához új technikai kritériumokat állítottunk fel, illetve a kapott értékeket, matematikai analízist követően, statisztikai feldolgozásra alkalmassá tettük. Vizsgáltuk a szövettani változásokat, az antioxidáns-szinteket, konvencionális laboratóriumi és TNF-α szinteket mértünk. Eredmények, megbeszélés: A máj a 30 perces ischaemiát jól tolerálja, a 45 és 60 perces kirekesztés jelentős áramlásbeli változásokat okoz. A 90 perces ischaemia nem tolerálható. Az IP szignifikáns reperfusiós áramlási javulást és szérum-TNF-α csökkenést okoz a 45 és 60 perces ischaemia előtt alkalmazva. PJ-34 PARP-inhibitor-, illetve Gln-előkezelés, 60 perc reperfusiót vizsgálva, javítja a microcirculatiót. Aktivált kaszpáz-3 immunhisztokémiával végzett vizsgálatok során a PJ-34 PARP-inhibitor- és Gln-előkezelések hatására szignifikánsan magasabb apoptosis volt detektálható a kontrollcsoporthoz képest. A májszöveti és szérumantioxidáns-paramétereket mind az IP, mind a Gln-előkezelés javították.
The effect of activated carbon on partitioning, desorption, and biouptake of native polychlorinated biphenyls in four freshwater sediments
Authors: Sun Xueli , Ghosh Upal 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effect of activated carbon amendment in four freshwater sediments from the Great Lakes (North America) areas of concern with a wide range of sediment geochemical characteristics (0.83–5.1% total organic carbon) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations (0.33–84.7 μg/g). The work focused on understanding the impact of activated carbon amendment on PCB aqueous partitioning, PCB desorption characteristics, and PCB biouptake in a freshwater oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus). The results showed that PCB aqueous equilibrium concentrations, rapid desorption fractions, and biouptake by the oligochaete were reduced after activated carbon amendment. Addition of activated carbon at a dose of 0.5-fold native organic carbon reduced PCB bioaccumulation by 42% for Niagara River sediment, 85% for Grasse River sediment, 74% for Milwaukee River sediment 1, and 70% for Milwaukee River sediment 2. A linear relationship was observed between log biota–sediment accumulation factor and the first 6-h desorption fractions for each PCB homologue for treated and untreated sediments. Waterlipid bioconcentration factors for PCB congeners were largely conserved after amendment with activated carbon. Our present results suggest that at steady state, changes in the aqueous PCB concentrations can be used to predict changes in PCB bioaccumulation in deposit-feeding organisms. Thus, use of advanced pore-water measurement techniques, such as solid-phase extraction passive samplers, may be suitable for long-term monitoring of treatment performance.
Frequency of detectable serum IgG concentrations in precolostral calves
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Tyler Jeff W. , Nagy Dusty W. , Middleton John R. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of detectable serum IgG concentrations in calves prior to ingestion of colostrum and to assess whether a detectable IgG concentration was related to dam parity, calf birth weight, calf sex, season of calving, or infectious agents that can be transmitted transplacentally.
Animals—170 Holstein dairy calves.
Procedures—Serum samples were obtained from calves prior to ingestion of colostrum, and serologic testing for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Neospora caninum was performed. Relative risk, attributable risk, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction for calves with a detectable serum IgG concentration attributable to positive results for N caninum and BVDV serologic testing were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether dam parity, calf sex, season of calving, and calf weight were associated with precolostral IgG concentration.
Results—90 (52.9%) calves had a detectable total serum IgG concentration (IgG ≥ 16 mg/dL). Relative risk, attributable risk, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction for calves with a detectable serum IgG concentration attributable to positive results for N caninum serologic testing were 1.66, 0.34, 0.014, and 0.03, respectively. Calf sex, calf birth weight, and season of calving were not significant predictors for detection of serum IgG in precolostral samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prevalence of IgG concentrations in precolostral serum samples was higher than reported elsewhere. There was no apparent link between serum antibodies against common infectious agents that can be transmitted transplacentally and detection of measurable serum IgG concentrations.
Dielectric measurements of new antiferroelectric liquid crystals
Authors: Perkowski P. , Ogrodnik K. , Łada D. , Piecek W. , Rutkowska J. , Raszewski Z. , Żurowska M. , Dąbrowski R. , Sun X. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree new pure antiferroelectric materials, synthesized at the Military University of Technology (MUT), were investigated by dielectric means. Clear relaxation modes were detected, i.e., Soft, Goldstone, low frequency in-phase (PL) as well high frequency anti-phase (PH) modes for paraelectric Sm A*phase, ferroelectric Sm C* phase and antiferroelectric Sm CA* phase, respectively. Additionally, a high relaxation mode in Sm CA* was found. The relaxation frequencies fR of the observed modes were calculated from Cole-Cole diagrams.
Effect of various surfactants and their concentration on controlled release of captopril from polymeric matrices
Authors: Nokhodchi Ali , Hassan-Zadeh Davoud , Monajjem-Zadeh Farnaz , Taghi-Zadeh Nita 
Published: May 2008

Effect of various surfactants and their concentration on controlled release of captopril from polymeric matricesVarious methods are available to formulate water soluble drugs into sustained release dosage forms by retarding the dissolution rate. One of the methods used to control drug release and thereby prolong therapeutic activity is to use hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers. In this study, the effects of various polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Arlacel 60) on the release rate of captopril were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the amount of HPMC K15M resulted in reduction of the release rate of captopril from these matrices. When HPMC was partly replaced by NaCMC (the ratio of HPMC/NaCMC was 5:1), the release rate of the drug significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference in release rate of captopril from matrices produced with ratios of 5:1 and 2:1 of HPMC/NaCMC. The presence of lactose in matrices containing HPMC and NaCMC increased the release rate of captopril. It was interesting to note that although partial replacement of HPMC by EC reduced the release rate of the drug (ratio of HPMC/EC 2:1), the release rate was increased when the ratio of HPMC/EC was reduced to 1:1. The effects of various surfactants on the release rate of captopril from HPMC/EC (1:1) matrices were also investigated. The results showed that the surfactants did not significantly change the release rate of the drug. Release data were examined kinetically and the ideal kinetic models were estimated for the drug release. The kinetic analysis of drug release data from various formulations showed that incorporation of surfactants in HPMC/EC matrices did not produce a zero-order release pattern.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of some newly synthesized pyridinedicarbonitrile and benzopyranopyridine derivatives
Authors: Hosni Hanaa , Abdulla Mohamed 
Published: May 2008

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of some newly synthesized pyridinedicarbonitrile and benzopyranopyridine derivativesIn continuation of our search for new substituted pyridine based anti-inflammatories, reaction of 1-(2-thienyl or furanyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ones (1) with malononitrile in alcoholic KOH solution afforded a mixture of 4-alkoxy-2-(2-thienyl or furanyl)-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-5-ones (2) and 2-alkoxy-4-amino-6- (2-thienyl or furanyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitriles (3). Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities compared to diclofenac potassium as positive control. Detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and toxicity data are reported.
Comparison between two cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an experimental dry eye model in albino rabbits
Authors: EL-Shazly Amany , EL-Gohary Amal , EL-Shazly Laila , EL-Hossary Ghada 
Published: May 2008

Comparison between two cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an experimental dry eye model in albino rabbitsThe purpose of this study was to compare the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, ketorolac, with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, in an animal model of dry eye in albino rabbits. All animals were examined by the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT) and fluorescein corneal staining test. Dry eye model showed significant reduction in tear volume, TBUT, corneal staining and histopathological signs of dryness and inflammation. On treating dry eye model with nimesulide 0.1% eye drops and ketorolac 0.5% eye drops, there were improvements in Schirmer test values, TBUT and fluorescein corneal staining and histopathologically reduced inflammatory reaction, with signs of healing and regeneration. Both nimesulide and ketorolac ameliorate atropine sulphate induced dry eye in albino rabbits. The use of selective COX-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, is preferred to avoid local and systemic side effects which may occur with the use of the nonselective COX inhibitor, ketorolac.
The Potential of Cardiac Markers to Improve Patient Management
Authors: Müller Christian 
Published: May 2008

The Potential of Cardiac Markers to Improve Patient ManagementB-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a quantitative marker for heart failure. The use of BNP in patients with dyspnea has consistently shown to improve patient management and reduce treatment cost. Additional indications with the potential to improve patient management include treatment monitoring in acute and chronic heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and coronary artery disease.
Improved Cardiac Patient Management Through Cardiac Markers
Authors: Herzig Birgit 
Published: May 2008

Improved Cardiac Patient Management Through Cardiac MarkersCardiac markers enable the diagnosis and characterization of cardiac diseases. While the highly sensitive troponin assay is specific for myocardial infarction, myeloperoxidase is a powerful tool for early determination of plaque formation. Homocysteine is independently associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular events and stroke in particular. Elevated plasma concentrations predict outcome and help identify high-risk groups most likely to benefit from prevention and therapy. Homocysteine turned out as a valuable marker for early diagnoses of folate and B-vitamin deficiencies that are involved in anemias and numerous chronic diseases. This article presents the innovative marker MPO, the well established marker troponin and the versatile and useful marker homocysteine, and explains their importance in cardiac patient management.