bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Building Blocks for the Development of the SUPRAPhos Ligand Library and Examples of Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Goudriaan P. Elsbeth , Jang Xiao‐Bin , Kuil Mark , Lemmens Renske , Van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have previously introduced the SUPRAPhos ligand library, which is based on components that are self‐assembled through nitrogen–zinc interactions, and report here an extension of this library, which widens the scope for application in asymmetric homogeneous catalysis. For example, we report the synthesis of phosphorus amidite appended porphyrins and building blocks with stereogenic centers at the phosphorus. With the new building blocks described in this paper we can form a 450‐membered SUPRAPhos library, which is based on 45 building blocks (30 pyridyl phosphorus ligands and 15 complementary porphyrin‐appended phosphorus ligands). Examples of the use of members of the library in the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene are included. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Comprehensive analysis of the α-fetoprotein-specific CD8+ T cell responses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Thimme Robert , Neagu Michaela , Boettler Tobias , Neumann-Haefelin Christoph , Kersting Nadine , Geissler Michael , Makowiec Frank , Obermaier Robert , Hopt Ulrich T. , Blum Hubert E. , Spangenberg Hans Christian 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide, with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is of high priority. α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is overexpressed in the majority of HCCs. Priming of immune responses against AFP results in significant protective antitumoral T cell responses in the mouse model. Little information is available about the hierarchy, breadth, frequency, and peripheral

versus

intrahepatic distribution of AFP-specific CD8+ T cell responses in patients with HCC. To address these important issues we comprehensively analyzed CD8+ T cell responses against full-length AFP in peripheral blood, tumor liver tissue, and nontumor liver tissue from patients with HCC using overlapping AFP peptides. The AFP-specific CD8+ T cell response was also tested in peripheral blood and liver from patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and compared to the HCV-specific CD8+ T cell response. The majority of patients with HCC showed AFP-specific responses, with many responses directed against previously unreported epitopes. These responses were primarily detectable in the HCC tissue and mainly targeted the C-terminus of AFP. Interestingly, AFP-specific T cells were not only found in patients with HCC but also in patients with chronic HCV infection, other liver diseases, and less frequently in healthy subjects.

Conclusion:

In patients with HCC, a high frequency of AFP-specific CD8+ T cells directed against different epitopes suggest that AFP has a strong and broad immunogenicity. Further, CD8+ T cells specific for the self-antigen AFP are present in the normal T cell repertoire and are not centrally or peripherally deleted. Our results provide support for strategies to boost AFP-specific CD8+ T cell responses in patients with HCC but also demonstrate a diversity of immune responses that may be needed for protection. (Hepatology 2008;48:1821-1833.)
Local accumulation and activation of regulatory Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells accompanies the appearance of activated CD8 T cells in the liver
Authors: Bochtler Petra , Riedl Petra , Gomez Ivan , Schirmbeck Reinhold , Reimann Jörg 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Only small populations of nonactivated, nonproliferating Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cell (TR) cells are found in the nonparenchymal cell compartment of the mouse liver while liver-draining celiac nodes contain expanded, activated TR cell populations (similar to other lymph nodes). Liver Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells suppress activation of T cell responses. Polyclonal, systemic T cell activation

in vivo

(via anti-CD3 antibody injection) is accompanied by intrahepatic accumulation of T blasts and a rapid but transient intrahepatic increase of activated, proliferating Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells. Following vaccination, the appearance of peripherally primed, specific CD8 T blasts in the liver is preceded by a transient rise of Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells in the liver. The adoptive transfer of immune CD8 T cells into congenic hosts that express the relevant antigen only in the liver leads to the accumulation of specific donor CD8 T cells and of host Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells in the liver.

Conclusion:

Although it contains only a small population of quiescent Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells, the liver can rapidly mobilize and/or recruit this T cell control in response to the intrahepatic appearance of peripherally or locally generated CD8 T blasts. (Hepatology 2008;48:1954-1963.)
An initial case of suppressed restenosis with nuclear factor‐kappa B decoy transfection after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Suzuki Jun‐Ichi , Tezuka Daisuke , Morishita Ryuichi , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundNuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) is well known for playing a pivotal role in restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and ResultsThis is the first report to demonstrate an effect of NF‐κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to prevent restenosis after PCI after a 4‐year observation using a coronary computed tomography (CT) scan. We showed that the decoy treatment suppressed neointimal formation after stent implantation compared to that in the same artery.ConclusionThus, for the first time, we demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the CT scan to reveal the effects of NF‐κB decoy ODN transfer after PCI. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source localization using electric and magnetic point dipoles with modified genetic algorithm
Authors: Koivisto Päivi K. , Sten Johan C.‐E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA method to reconstruct the source current from far‐field data in terms of electric and magnetic point dipoles is described. The inverse problem of solving the source from a known electromagnetic far‐field pattern is carried out by a combination of genetic algorithm and local optimizers. The source is modelled by a small number of point dipoles, the locations, amplitudes and types of which are determined by minimizing the difference between the field of the ensemble and the targeted pattern. Uniqueness is ensured by limiting the number of dipoles together with an appropriately weighted minimum energy condition. A general description of the method applicable to antenna analysis and synthesis is given and three examples of its practical use are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azure A chloride: computational and spectroscopic study
Authors: Snehalatha M. , Hubert Joe I. , Ravikumar C. , Jayakumar V. S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFourier transform Raman and IR as well as UV–visible spectra of the phenothiazine dye Azure A chloride, 3‐amino‐7‐(dimethylamino) phenothiazin‐5‐ium chloride were recorded and analyzed. The spectral interpretation was done following full structure optimization and vibrational wavenumber calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) using the standard B3LYP/6‐31G(d) basis set. The NH stretching wavenumber is found to be lowered owing to intermolecular NH···S hydrogen bonding. The downshift of CH stretching wavenumber is discussed. The first hyperpolarizability of the dye is calculated. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations of electronic spectra were performed on the optimized structure and compared with the experimental UV–visible spectrum. The atomic net charges of the molecule reveal the M effect of the nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions leading to its nonlinearity and bioactivity, charge delocalization and mesomeric effects have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic inhibition between dodecylamine and potassium iodide on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.1 M phosphoric acid
Authors: Qu Q. , Hao Z. , Jiang S. , Li L. , Bai W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of cold rolled steel in 0.1 M aerated phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in the presence of dodecylamine (DDA) and potassium iodide (KI) has been investigated by Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy (EIS) at 20 °C. The results obtained from polarization curve show that the inhibition efficiency of DDA with and without KI increases with increase in concentration of DDA but the inhibition efficiency of DDA without KI is not too high. A synergistic effect exists when DDA and KI are combined together to prevent cold rolled steel corrosion in 0.1 M H3PO4. All impedance spectra in EIS tests exhibit one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Inhibition efficiencies obtained from Tafel polarization, transfer resistance (Rt) are consistent.
In Situ Polymerisation of Polyamide‐6 Nanocompounds from Caprolactam and Layered Silicates
Authors: Rothe Bernd , Elas Athanassios , Michaeli Walter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn in situ process for the production of polyamide‐6 nanocompounds is investigated as an alternative to melt compounding. During the in situ production, the layered silicates are dispersed in the monomer caprolactam before the polymerisation in a twin screw extruder, leading to an intercalation of the silicates. The production of a polyamide compound containing 0, 2 and 4 wt.‐% nanoscale silicates was successful. An improvement of the elastic modulus of approximately 30–60% was reached. The figure shows the TEM micrograph of a nanocompound containing 2 wt.‐% nanoclay at a magnification of 30 000×.magnified image
Copolymers Containing Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Obtained by Free and Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques
Authors: Ulbricht Christoph , Becer Caglar Remzi , Winter Andreas , Veldman Dirk , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA methacrylate‐functionalized phosphorescent Ir(III)‐complex has been synthesized, characterized, and applied as a monomer in radical copolymerizations. Together with methyl methacrylate, the complex has been copolymerized under free radical polymerization conditions. Aiming for host‐guest‐systems, applicable e.g. in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), the complex was further copolymerized with a methacrylate‐functionalized carbazole derivative using the atom transfer radical polymerization technique. Applying gel permeation chromatography, in combination with a photodiode array detector, could clearly prove the formation of the copolymers. The optical properties of the photoactive monomers as well as the copolymers were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy (in solution). For the carbazole‐copolymer, the emission originates almost exclusively from the complex. This provides evidence of an efficient intrachain energy transfer, which makes the system an interesting candidate for potential OLED applications.magnified image
Degradation Behavior of the Hydrogel Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐Poly[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐Glycolide)] under Different Conditions
Authors: Vidović Elvira , Klee Doris , Höcker Hartwig 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: The hydrogel poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide)] [PVA‐g‐P(LGA)], containing nine ester groups in the polyester grafts (lactide:glycolide ratio 50:50) grafted onto PVA to an extent of 13%, and crosslinked via terminal acrylate groups was subjected to degradation experiments in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) at room temperature and at 37 °C during 8 weeks. In the course of degradation, the properties of the hydrogel change as a result of the decrease of the polyester content. The increased temperature has a significant influence on the degradation rate but its amount varies with the methods applied. Thus, a large drop of the elastic modulus takes place in samples degraded at 37 °C with time and relative to RT. Thermal and IR analysis show changes while the initial difference between two sets of samples in contact angle is reduced with time.
The Study of Kinetics of Poly[(R,S)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) Degradation Induced by Carboxylate
Authors: Kawalec Michal , Janeczek Henryk , Adamus Grazyna , Kurcok Piotr , Kowalczuk Marek , Scandola Mariastella 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: The carboxylate induced degradation of the poly[(R,S)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) has been investigated with non‐isothermal measurements. The apparent activation energies for PHB degradation have been determined. Application of the Kissinger's and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa's method for TG and DSC derived data gave good correlation of the results proving applicability of the non‐isothermal DSC measurements for the study. Moreover, dependence of the apparent activation energies on the activity of the carboxylate has been found.
A Thermogravimetric Approach to Study the Influence of a Biodegradation in Soil Test to a Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Badía J. D. , Moriana R. , Santonja‐Blasco L. , Ribes‐Greus A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: An amorphous grade Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was selected for an accelerated burial in soil test during 450 days. Thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to study the effects of degradation in soil on the thermal stability and the thermal decomposition kinetics. A single stage decomposition process is observed for all degradation times. It is shown that the thermal stability of PLA is slightly affected by degradation in soil. Concerning the study of the thermal decomposition kinetics, Criado master curves were plotted from experimental data to focus the study of the thermodegradation kinetic model.The kinetic methods proposed by Broido and Chang were used to calculate the apparent activation energies (Ea) of the degradation mechanism. These results were compared to the Ea values obtained by the method developed by Coats and Redfern in order to prove the applicability of the former methods to the kinetic study. As expected, non‐linear tendency is found out for Ea variation along the degradation times, which can be explained as an evolution by stages.
Novel Photosensitizers Based on Polysaccharides – Dextran Modified with Anthracene
Authors: Nowakowska Maria , Zapotoczny Szczepan , Szczubiałka Krzysztof , Sterzel Monika , Moczek Łukasz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Series of novel water‐soluble photosensitizers based on dextran was synthesized and studied. Dextran was modified by covalent attachment of anthracene chromophores. Photophysical and photochemical properties of the photosensitizers in aqueous solutions were determined. Their applicability for sensitization of oxidation of polynuclear aromatics and degradation of pesticides was demonstrated. Removal of photosensitizers from the environment after their usage was discussed.
The Effects of the Modified Starches on the Melting Flow and Biodegradation of the Starch/Glycerol Blend
Authors: Liu Chia‐I , Roan Ming‐Lih , Yang Sung‐Yeng , Huang Chi‐Yuan , Lu Wang‐Ling , Chen Su‐Chen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: The purpose of this study was to improve the melting flow of starch/glycerol(GA) blends by modified starches. A variety of modified starches, which was treated by hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, with and without ultrasonic treatment were used. The MFI (melt flow index) of blends increased from 0.5g/10min to 300g/10min when the addition of acid hydrolysis starch (0.3M CA‐starch) was 70wt%. Their crystalline behaviors were analyzed by XRD results. The ultrasonic treatment has been proved to have the effect of hydrolysis without acids and synergistic effect on recrystalline. The SEM micrographs of the blend with the ultrasonic treatment starch gave the cleaving surface with comparison to the other blends. The weight loss of the blends with acid hydrolysis starches reached to 60∼80% after one week biodegradation as the ultrasonic treatment was used.
Illumination of Cellulose with Linearly Polarized Visible Light
Authors: Molenda A. Konieczna ‐ , Molenda M. , Fiedorowicz M. , Tomasik P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Aqueous suspensions of cellulose of long polysaccharide chains, were illuminated with visible polarized light (VPL) for 20 and 50 hrs. Crystal structure, thermal properties with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and degree of polymerization (DP) of the samples were determined. Additionally, kinetic of enzymatic as well as acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose was estimated. Illumination of cellulose with VPL for 50 hrs increased its DP by 15%. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that the illumination resulted in an increase in the amount of cellulose crystalline phase. The DSC measurements indicated differences in the water molecules distribution depending on the sample treatment confirming an increase in the crystallinity of the illuminated cellulose. After prolonged illumination, cellulose was resistant to oxidation and had lower susceptibility to enzymatic and acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis.
Scattering of a plane harmonic SH wave by a completely embedded corrugated scatterer
Authors: Yu Chih‐Wei , Dravinski Marijan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAnti‐plane‐strain model for steady‐state scattering of elastic waves by a rough inclusion or a cavity embedded in a half space is considered by using a direct boundary integral equation method. The roughness of the scatterer is assumed to be periodic with arbitrary amplitude and period.Detailed testing of the numerical results is presented. The motion along the half‐space surface is evaluated for different corrugations, frequencies and impedance contrast of the materials. The importance of the scatterer roughness upon the displacement field is clearly demonstrated. It was shown that larger corrugation amplitudes, shorter corrugation periods and higher frequencies may produce significant change in the displacement field when compared with the corresponding smooth scatterer result. This effect strongly depends upon the impedance contrast of the materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damage identification by the eigenparameter decomposition of structural flexibility change
Authors: Yang Q. W. , Liu J. K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe use of changes in dynamically measured flexibility matrices to detect structural damage has received considerable attention during the last years. A new flexibility‐based method is proposed in this study to provide an insight to the characterizations of structural damage. The presented method makes use of the eigenparameter decomposition of structural flexibility change and approaches the damage identification problem in a decoupled manner. First, a theory is developed to determine the number of damaged elements according to the number of non‐zero eigenvalues of structural flexibility change. With the number of damaged elements determined, the localization and quantification algorithms are then developed. The proposed method is applied to three numerical examples and its efficiency is demonstrated through damage simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional Pten knock‐out mice: a model for metastatic phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Korpershoek Esther , Loonen Anne JM , Corvers Suzanne , van Nederveen Francien H , Jonkers Jos , Ma Xiaoqian , Ziel‐van der Made Angelique , Korsten Hanneke , Trapman Jan , Dinjens Winand NM , de Krijger Ronald R 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhaeochromocytomas (PCCs) are neuro‐endocrine tumours of the adrenal medulla that are usually benign, but approximately 10% of patients develop metastases. Malignant PCCs can only be diagnosed with certainty if metastases are present. Here we describe adrenal tumours generated in a Pten conditional knock‐out (KO) mouse model. We characterized the molecular alterations in these tumours and compared them with human PCC. Thirty‐two of 41 (78%) male Psa‐Cre;Pten‐loxP/loxP mice presented adrenal tumours that were shown to be PCC by histology and by immunohistochemical staining for enzymes in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway. In 6 of 17 investigated mice, histological and immunohistochemical evidence was obtained for the presence of PCC lung metastases. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of the primary tumours showed loss of chromosomes 6 and 19, which are syntenic to human 3p and 11q. Another frequent alteration found was gain of chromosome 15, which is syntenic to human chromosome 5. The molecular aberrations in the mouse model corresponded to the alterations found in a subtype of human PCC, suggesting that the PCC of the Pten KO mice might be representative of human PCC. The mouse model should allow further studies into the pathogenesis of human malignant PCCs and into therapeutic strategies for these tumours. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive genetic and functional characterization of IPH‐926: a novel CDH1‐null tumour cell line from human lobular breast cancer
Authors: Christgen Matthias , Bruchhardt Henriette , Hadamitzky Catarina , Rudolph Cornelia , Steinemann Doris , Gadzicki Dorothea , Hasemeier Britta , Römermann Daniel , Focken Tim , Krech Till , Ballmaier Matthias , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Kreipe Hans , Lehmann Ulrich 
Published: November 2008

AbstractInfiltrating lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is a clinically and biologically distinct tumour entity defined by a characteristic linear cord invasion pattern and inactivation of the CDH1 tumour suppressor gene encoding for E‐cadherin. ILBCs also lack β‐catenin expression and show aberrant cytoplasmic localization of the E‐cadherin binding protein p120‐catenin. The lack of a well‐characterized ILBC cell line has hampered the functional characterization of ILBC cells in vitro. We report the establishment of a permanent ILBC cell line, named IPH‐926, which was derived from a patient with metastatic ILBC. The DNA fingerprint of IPH‐926 verified genetic identity with the patient and had no match among the human cell line collections of several international biological resource banks. IPH‐926 expressed various epithelial cell markers but lacked expression of E‐cadherin due to a previously unreported, homozygous CDH1 241ins4 frameshift mutation. Detection of the same CDH1 241ins4 mutation in archival tumour tissue of the corresponding primary ILBC proved the clonal origin of IPH‐926 from this particular tumour. IPH‐926 also lacked β‐catenin expression and showed aberrant cytoplasmic localization of p120‐catenin. Array‐CGH analysis of IPH‐926 revealed a profile of genomic imbalances that included many distinct alterations previously observed in primary ILBCs. Spectral karyotyping of IPH‐926 showed a hyperdiploid chromosome complement and numerous clonal, structural aberrations. IPH‐926 cells were anti‐cancer drug‐resistant, clonogenic in soft agar, and tumourigenic in SCID mice. In xenograft tumours, IPH‐926 cells recapitulated the linear cord invasion pattern that defines ILBCs. In summary, IPH‐926 significantly extends the biological spectrum of the established breast cancer cell lines and will facilitate functional analyses of genuine human ILBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.