bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mobility Interaction Fall chart
Authors: Lundin‐Olsson Lillemor , Nyberg Lars , Gustafson Yngve 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a screening tool for the identification of older people living in residential care facilities who are prone to falling.MethodTwo tests focusing on attentional demands while walking were performed: ‘Stops walking when talking’ and the ‘diffTUG’. Medical assessment, rating for cognition, depression and activities of daily living were also carried out. Falls indoors were followed up prospectively over a period of six months. A flowchart, the Mobility Interaction Fall (MIF) chart, for the identification of older people who are prone to falling was developed. The MIF chart includes an observation of mobility level and ‘Stops walking when talking’, the diffTUG, a test of vision and a rating of concentration. Study subjects were 78 residents, aged over 65 years, in one residential care facility (22 M; 56 F; median age 82 years, range 66–99 years) in Umeå, Sweden.ResultsThirty‐three (42%) subjects suffered at least one fall indoors during the follow‐up period. The rate of falls differed significantly between those subjects classified as being at risk of falls and those not so classified (log rank test 39.1; p<0.001; hazard ratio 12.1; 95% CI 4.6–31.8). The positive predictive value for the classification was 78% (95% CI 67–87%) and the negative predictive value was 88% (95% CI 79–95%).ConclusionThe initial findings for the MIF chart indicate a promising way of classifying older people at residential care facilities as being at high or low risk of falling. The classification is quick and easy and requires no expensive equipment. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Pressure pain thresholds of upper limb peripheral nerve trunks in asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Sterling Michele , Treleaven Julia , Edwards Sandra , Jull Gwendolen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposePalpation of peripheral nerve trunks has been advocated as a method of assessing the presence of hyperalgesic nerve tissue as a contributing factor to pain syndromes in musculoskeletal disorders of the upper quadrant. This study investigated, in the first instance, the pressure pain thresholds of the median, radial and ulnar nerve trunks of the upper limb in healthy, asymptomatic subjects.MethodForty‐five male and 50 female healthy volunteer subjects participated in this study which involved measurement of pressure pain thresholds by use of pressure algometry bilaterally over the three peripheral nerve trunks in the upper limbs.ResultsPressure pain thresholds were shown to be lowest in the median nerve (p=0.001) and lower in female subjects (p=0.001). Laterality (p=0.077) or the age of the subject (p=0.254) did not significantly influence results.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated differences in pressure pain thresholds in the three nerve trunks of the upper limb. These findings should be taken into account when interpreting the findings of nerve palpation in musculoskeletal upper quadrant disorders. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Clinical reasoning of an experienced physiotherapist: insight into clinician decision‐making regarding low back pain
Authors: Noll Eric , Key Aaron , Jensen Gail 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposeInvestigation of the clinical reasoning skills of experienced clinicians provides insight into decision‐making in the practice of physiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the clinical reasoning skills of an experienced physiotherapist during her assessment and treatment of clients with low back pain.MethodDeconstruction of the physiotherapist's reasoning process was accomplished through observation of encounters between her and each of six patient subjects. Reconstruction and analysis of the physiotherapist's decision‐making process was performed through retrospective interviews and reflective analysis of her clinical reasoning during each encounter.ResultsA working model of the physiotherapist's clinical reasoning was created from an integration of theoretical elements in the literature and the data. Through analysis of this framework, two core dimensions of her clinical reasoning were revealed: the influence of clinical experience and the influence of advanced training in a specific philosophy of treating the spine.ConclusionsThe construction of these themes has contributed to the growing understanding of clinical reasoning strategies and skills used in orthopaedic physical therapy practice. Detailed description of the physiotherapist's reasoning process provides more meaningful understanding of physiotherapy treatments. In this case the physiotherapist employed a pattern recognition strategy and forward reasoning process in making a diagnosis. Further research is necessary to expand knowledge on the development of clinical reasoning skills. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A 12‐year follow‐up of subjects initially sicklisted with neck/shoulder or low back diagnoses
Authors: Kjellman Görel , ÖBerg Birgitta , Hensing Gunnel , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposeNeck/shoulder and low back pain are common in the Western world and can cause great personal and economic consequences, but so far there are few long term follow‐up studies of the consequences of back pain, especially studies that separate the location of back pain. More knowledge is needed about different patterns of risk factors and prognoses for neck/shoulder and low back pain, respectively, and they should not be treated as similar conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible long‐term differences in neck/shoulder and low back symptoms, experienced over a 12‐year period, with regard to work status, present health, discomfort and influence on daily activities.MethodA retrospective cohort study of individuals sicklisted with neck/shoulder or low back diagnoses 12 years ago was undertaken. Included were all 213 people who, in 1985, lived in the municipality of Linköping, Sweden, were aged 25–34 years and who had taken at least one new period of sickleave lasting >28 days with a neck/shoulder or low back diagnosis. In 1996, a questionnaire was mailed to the 204 people who were still resident in Sweden (response rate 73%).ResultsThose initially absent with neck/shoulder diagnoses rated their present state of discomfort as worse than those sicklisted with low back diagnoses. Only 4% of the neck/shoulder group reported no present discomfort compared with 25% of the low back group. Notably, both groups reported the same duration of low back discomfort during the last year, which may indicate a higher risk for symptoms in more than one location for subjects with neck/shoulder problems.ConclusionsIndividuals with sickness absence of more than 28 days with neck/shoulder or low back diagnoses appear to be at high risk of developing long‐standing symptoms, significantly more so for those initially having neck/shoulder diagnoses. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Reliability and responsiveness of the shuttle walking test in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Taylor Stewart , Frost Helen , Taylor Ann , Barker Karen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposeWalking is an important functional activity and the shuttle walking test has been shown to be a useful test for patients with chronic airways obstruction and heart failure. The test has been used in low back pain research over recent years and has increasingly been used as an outcome measure to investigate treatment efficacy in patients with low back pain. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and responsiveness of the shuttle walking test within a group of patients with low back pain (with or without sciatica).MethodReliability of the shuttle walking test was determined on a group of patients with low back pain (n = 44) using the Bland and Altman (1986) limits of agreement and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Responsiveness was assessed using the standardized effect size. The mean distance walked within a patient population (n = 337) was compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched group of healthy subjects (n = 122).ResultsThe shuttle walking test obtained an ICC score of 0.99, whereas the limits of agreement test gave a mean difference of 2.5 m with upper and lower limits of agreement of 52 m and −47 m, respectively. Patients undertaking fitness training reached an effect size of 1.2 compared to a control group of 0.23 and 0.94 for a group undergoing various orthopaedic treatments.ConclusionsThe present study has shown that the shuttle walking test is a reliable and responsive test within a group of patients with low back pain, with or without sciatica. It is simple to administer and provides a quick method of measuring one aspect of a patient's physical function. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Reliability of measurement of angular movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine during treadmill walking
Authors: Taylor Nicholas , Evans Owen , Goldie Patricia 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposeAngular movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine are thought to play an important role in walking. However, little is known about the amount of unpredictable variability in measurement of these movements during human walking. The aim of the present study was to determine the retest reliability of measuring the angular movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine during unimpaired familiarized treadmill walking.MethodRetest reliability for 26 subjects without pathology was determined over a one‐week interval. Subjects walked on a treadmill at self‐selected or a slower speed while measurements of the three‐dimensional angular movements were taken with a computer‐based video analysis system.ResultsThe frontal plane movements of pelvic list and lumbar lateral flexion (relative to the pelvis) could be measured with high retest reliability at both self‐selected and slow walking speeds (intraclass coefficient (ICC) (2,1) ≥ 0.81). In contrast, transverse and sagittal plane movements demonstrated moderate reliability at both speeds (0.37 ≤ ICC (2,1) ≤ 0.76). Averaging the measurement over six strides resulted in increased observed reliability (self‐selected walking speed summary Pearson's r = 0.71, slow walking speed summary Pearson's r = 0.79) compared to taking the measurement based on a single stride (self‐selected walking speed summary Pearson's r = 0.63, slow walking speed summary Pearson's r = 0.67). Unlike pelvic and lumbar movements (relative to the pelvis), the measurement of lumbar movements (relative to the global reference frame) appeared to depend on whether subjects were walking at self‐selected or slow speeds.ConclusionsMeasurement of pelvic list and lumbar lateral flexion (relative to the pelvis) could be applied with confidence to hypothesis testing about individuals or groups. Movements in the transverse and sagittal planes are unlikely to be appropriate in hypothesis testing about individuals and hence clinical practice, but may still have experimental applications in hypothesis testing about groups. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Peripheral cutaneous nerve distribution to the fingers
Authors: Stappaerts Karel H. , Van Hees Johan , Van Den Broeck Erika A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBoth sensory distribution charts and the unaffected side, are used as reference points in the assessment of cutaneous innervation. Sensory nerve conduction studies, in particular, often use comparison between sides. However, remarkable differences can be found between various sensory innervation maps, and no evidence was found in the literature for the assumption that the pattern of cutaneous sensory distribution of the peripheral nerves between the left and right limbs is symmetrical. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in the sensory innervation of the fingers by means of a neurophysio‐logical method, and to compare the results for the left and right hands. The subjects of this study were 31 young women. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation was performed on the four nerve branches providing sensory innervation to the fingers, and action potentials were sought from the fingers by use of annular surface electrodes. Variations in the cutaneous innervation of the fingers between individuals often occurred and were found more frequently on the dorsal than the palmar aspect. The distribution of sensory innervation may even differ markedly between hands in the same individual. The cutaneous innervation of all peripheral nerves supplying the fingers may differ from the innervation patterns described in the various distribution charts. Prudence is called for when applying sensory distribution charts as absolute references for the assessment of cutaneous sensation in patients. Caution should also be applied when comparing one hand with the other when assessing the cutaneous innervation of the fingers. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Fold recognition and accurate sequence–structure alignment of sequences directing β‐sheet proteins
Authors: McDonnell Andrew V. , Menke Matthew , Palmer Nathan , King Jonathan , Cowen Lenore , Berger Bonnie 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe ability to predict structure from sequence is particularly important for toxins, virulence factors, allergens, cytokines, and other proteins of public health importance. Many such functions are represented in the parallel β‐helix and β‐trefoil families. A method using pairwise β‐strand interaction probabilities coupled with evolutionary information represented by sequence profiles is developed to tackle these problems for the β‐helix and β‐trefoil folds. The algorithm BetaWrapPro employs a “wrapping” component that may capture folding processes with an initiation stage followed by processive interaction of the sequence with the already‐formed motifs. BetaWrapPro outperforms all previous motif recognition programs for these folds, recognizing the β‐helix with 100% sensitivity and 99.7% specificity and the β‐trefoil with 100% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity, in crossvalidation on a database of all nonredundant known positive and negative examples of these fold classes in the PDB. It additionally aligns 88% of residues for the β‐helices and 86% for the β‐trefoils accurately (within four residues of the exact positon) to the structural template, which is then used with the side‐chain packing program SCWRL to produce 3D structure predictions. One striking result has been the prediction of an unexpected parallel β‐helix structure for a pollen allergen, and its recent confirmation through solution of its structure. A Web server running BetaWrapPro is available and outputs putative PDB‐style coordinates for sequences predicted to form the target folds. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AIChE initiatives to promote effective management of chemical reactivity hazards
Authors: Berger Scott 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOver the last several decades, AIChE has taken a leadership role in advancing the technology and management of chemical reactivity hazards. This paper describes the successes of recent AIChE activities and introduces a current effort to bring practical understanding and application of these concepts both to smaller businesses and to businesses that do not manufacture chemicals but nonetheless may have chemical reactivity hazards to manage. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
First time measurement of gamma‐ray excited LaBr3:5% Ce3+ and LaCl3:10% Ce3+ temperature dependent properties
Authors: Bizarri G. , de Haas J. T. M. , Dorenbos P. , van Eijk C. W. E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have measured for the first time the temperature dependence of LaBr3:5% Ce3+ and LaCl3:10% Ce3+ gamma‐ray excited light yields and decay curves between 100 and 600 K. Under gamma‐ray excitation, both scintillators present a very good thermal stability over the entire temperature range. The light yield of LaBr3 is maximum at 100 K and decreases monotonously from 100 to 600 K. The decrease at 600 K does not exceed 15% of the maximum value. The light yield of LaCl3 is maximum at 600 K and decreases with decreasing temperatures. The lowest value is reached at 150 K and corresponds to 90% of the maximum light yield recorded at 600 K. Our results show that LaBr3:5% Ce3+ and LaCl3:10% Ce3+ crystals can be used in applications where temperature conditions are extreme such as in oil well logging. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized Hubbard model for many‐electron states of the diamond vacancies: A non‐CI approach
Authors: Saani M. Heidari , Vesaghi M. A. , Esfarjani K. , Shafiekhani A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMany‐electron calculations based on a generalized Hubbard Hamiltonian for electronic states of the diamond vacancies are reported. The model does not use the configuration interaction (CI) method and proper tetrahedral symmetry and spin properties of the defect are included in the Hamiltonian. Atomic orbital bases are introduced for the Hamiltonian calculation. Excited states of both neutral and negatively charged vacancies in diamond are calculated. The calculated values for the experimentally observed first dipole transition energies of the vacancies in diamond, GR1 and ND1 bands, are in good agreement with experiment. To obtain these results, we used a semi‐empirical Hamiltonian parameter. The position of the low‐lying 3T 1 state was found to be 260 meV above the ground state, which is consistent with experimental expectations. In addition to the energy spectrum, the model gives all eigenfunctions of the vacancies, which have not been calculated before. This model has high potential for further applications in point defects of diamond and other semiconductors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intermolecular interaction of carbon disulfide under pressure (high pressure and effective negative solvation pressure)
Authors: Ishibashi Y. , Mishina T. , Nakahara J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRaman spectra of liquid carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured under high pressures and in dilution with ethanol and with heptane. The pressure and concentration dependences of the molecular vibration modes ν 1 and 2ν 2 of CS2 are discussed. The intermolecular distance changes simultaneously with concentration and pressure. In addition, dilution also varies the environment around the CS2 molecule. The derivative of the intermolecular interaction energy is obtained from the frequency shift from the gas phase to the liquid phase of the ν 1 and 2ν 2 vibrations. The results show that dilution effectively acts as negative pressures, where the intermolecular distance between CS2 molecules increases in the mixtures with ethanol and heptane. These effective pressures and pressures give the change in the intramolecular double bond between carbon and sulfur atoms. But, these give a different effect for the damping of vibrations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe0.45Mn0.25Al0.30 alloys prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Medina M. H. , Alcázar G. A. Pérez 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSamples from the Fe0.45Mn0.25Al0.30 system were prepared by mechanical alloying during 4, 8, 12, 16, 22 and 24 h by using two different powder‐mass‐to‐ball‐mass ratios of: 1:7.5 and 1:4. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization reveled that samples with 1:7.5 ratios consolidate in a ternary Fe–Mn–Al α‐Fe solid solution at 8 h (chemical mixing time) and those with 1:4 ratios after more than 12 h milling. Mössbauer effect studies (MS) in conjunction with XRD studies show, in samples with a 1:7.5 ratio, a paramagnetic site and a hyperfine field distribution (HFD) for 4 h and only a paramagnetic site for 8 h or more. Therefore, the solid solution is paramagnetic in the stable state. Similar results were obtained for 1:4 ratios, but the paramagnetic site was observed after 16 h or more. Mössbauer studies at low temperatures of the sample milled for 12 h and a 1:4 ratio demonstrate that this sample presents a re‐entrant spin‐glass to the ferromagnetic transition (RSG–F) at T k = 45 K. This RSG–F transition was proven by an ac magnetic susceptibility measurement, appearing at T = 30 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence investigation of ion milled CdTe
Authors: Izhnin I. , Korbutyak D. , Pociask M. , Savchyn V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIon milling effects on CdTe single crystal and MOCVD p ‐CdxHg1–xTe/GaAS multi‐layer hetero‐structures with thick CdTe passivation layer the technology of such diodes are considered. It was revealed that CdTe (1 µm thick) passivation layer displayed the protective properties regarding ion milling action on active p ‐CdxHg1–xTe layer. Electrical measurements did not display the formation of any n ‐type layers in ion milled CdTe samples. Cathodoluminescence spectra of ion milled CdTe samples indicated some reconstruction of native defects in tellurium and cadmium sub‐lattices. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Few‐electron systems in a quantum dot in a magnetic field: the Wigner molecule and paired electron phases
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Moulopoulos K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have developed a variational many‐body description for few‐electron systems in a parabolic quantum dot in an external magnetic field. The ground state energy of the electronic system has been theoretically investigated in a broad range of magnetic fields. The possibility of existence of a spin‐singlet paired state in a QD in an external magnetic field is discussed. Analytical expressions for the spin‐singlet phase and for the Wigner phase in a QD have been obtained and studied as a function of the magnetic field and QD confinement. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of low dimensional structures of ZnSe and ZnO by thermal and mechanical methods
Authors: Miroiu F. , Fernández P. , Piqueras J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFabrication of low dimensional structures of II–VI compounds as nanoparticles and elongated structures, such as nanowires or nanotubes, is a subject of increased interest due to their potential use in different technological applications. The aim of this work is the obtention of low dimensional structures of ZnSe and ZnO by thermal deposition and by mechanical milling and to study their electronic and optical properties, which are often different from those of the corresponding bulk materials and may find applications in nanoscale electronics and optics. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence studies of heat treatment influence on size distribution of CdTe nanocrystals
Authors: Krylyuk S. G. , Strelchuk V. V. , Kalytchuk S. M. , Korbutyak D. V. , Valakh M. Ya. , Khalavka Yu. B. , Feychuk P. I. , Shcherbak L. P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVariations in absorption and emission spectra induced by thermal treatment are reported for aqueous solutions of thiol‐stabilized CdTe nanocrystals with different Cd2+:Te2– molar ratios. Heating of colloids was shown to result in appearance of two photoluminescence lines that were assigned to two ensembles of nanocrystals with different mean diameters. Effect of heat treatment on size distribution, absorption and emission properties, and stability of nanocrystals with various Cd2+:Te2– molar ratios is discussed in the terms of different coverage of the nanocrystal surfaces with tellurium atoms (ions?) and with thioglycolic acid molecules. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)