bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUPG-Based Finite Element Method for Direct Material Property Determination Utilizing Full-Field Deformation Measurements
Authors: Rajan Kattil Sreehari , Bazilevs Yuri , Sutton Michael , Sockalingam Subramani , Kodagali Karan , Weerasooriya Tusit , Alexander Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A direct approach is developed using Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) concepts to determine the spatially varying property distribution in a nominally heterogeneous material. The approach is based on successful development of a SUPG-stabilized inverse finite element approach to solve the differential equations of equilibrium in terms of material properties, resulting in a matrix form [A] {E} = {R}, where [A] is a known function of measured axial strains (e.g., from StereoDIC) and axial positions, {R} is a known function of axial body forces, applied loads and reactions, and {E} is a vector of unknown material properties at discrete axial locations. Theoretical and computational developments for the SUPG-stabilized approach are described in detail for one-dimensional applications (e.g., heterogeneous tensile/compression specimens, tensile/compressive surfaces of beams). Property predictions using the SUPG method with analytic strains and additive Gaussian noise are shown to be in excellent agreement with known property values, whereas predictions using the classical Bubnov–Galerkin method exhibit large, spurious oscillations in the predicted material properties. To demonstrate the methodology using experimental measurements, a 3D-printed heterogeneous tensile specimen with independently measured material properties is tested and full-field strains measured at several load levels. Results confirm that SUPG finite element property predictions are in very good agreement with independently determined values at each load level along the specimen length, providing confidence that the SUPG FE analysis framework developed in this work is stable and extendable to multiple dimensions.
A Flexible and Accurate Additive Manufacturing Data Retrieval Method Based on Probabilistic Modeling and Transformation-Invariant Feature Learning
Authors: Fang Qihang , Xiong Gang , Wang Weixing , Shen Zhen , Dong Xisong , Wang Fei-Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining prominence across numerous fields, which involves the generation of extensive data at each process stage. A relational database is a useful tool to store such AM data and streamline data retrieval. Users can specify the value of one AM variable or attribute and retrieve the corresponding record values of another attribute. This establishes the correlations between AM variables, and supports applications such as process planning. Nonetheless, such an operation is a “hard” query, which lacks reasoning capabilities and fails to provide useful information when required records are missing. It is urgent to develop a more powerful AM database to handle AM data better, which should support “soft” queries, be scalable to high-dimensional data, and maintain flexible query functionality among multiple attributes. In this paper, we construct an AM database with probabilistic modeling and transformation-invariant feature learning, which is termed as a probabilistic AM database (PAMDB). The PAMDB allows the selection of any AM attribute as a query attribute, or even multiple attributes as query attributes, to retrieve the values of other attributes, which is adapted to unseen, high-dimensional, and multimodal AM data. Two case studies were conducted for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and vat photopolymerization (VP). Compared with existing methods, experimental results underscore the efficacy of the PAMDBs, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in tasks that includes melt pool size prediction and scan parameter estimation in LPBF, and defect detection for the resin deposition process in VP.
Phase Transition Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Graphene-Coated Microporous Copper Surface Using Two-Step Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Kalita Sanjib , Sen Pulak , Sen Dipak , Das Sudev , Saha Bidyut Baran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Owing to their exceptionally high thermal conductivity, there is a growing demand for graphene nanoparticles in phase transition heat transfer applications. This research delves into the exploration of various critical phenomena within the realm of surface science, specifically focusing on interactions at solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces. In this work, graphene nanoparticles at varying concentrations are subject to electrochemical deposition on a microporous copper substrate to form graphene coated over microporous copper (GCOMC). The study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of surface characteristics, such as porosity, roughness, and wettability. Furthermore, the study involves the calculation of two key heat transfer metrics, the critical heat flux (CHF) and the boiling heat transfer coefficient (BHTC), through the execution of pool boiling experiments. The findings of this research underscore the remarkable superiority of GCOMC surfaces over their uncoated copper counterparts in terms of boiling performance. Particularly, the GCOMC surface showcases an impressive 87.5% enhancement in CHF and a 233% increase in BHTC compared to the bare copper surface. Furthermore, this investigation delves into a detailed quantitative analysis of bubble behavior, encompassing parameters such as bubble departure diameter, bubble departure frequency, and nucleation site density, employing high-speed camera techniques to comprehensively understand the underlying processes.
The prostaglandin D2 antagonist asapiprant ameliorates clinical severity in young hosts infected with invasive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Bhalla Manmeet , Herring Sydney , Lenhard Alexsandra , Wheeler Joshua R. , Aswad Fred , Klumpp Klaus , Rebo Justin , Wang Yan , Wilhelmsen Kevin , Fortney Kristen , Bou Ghanem Elsa N. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) remains a serious cause of pulmonary and systemic infections globally, and host-directed therapies are lacking. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of asapiprant, an inhibitor of prostaglandin D2 signaling, against pneumococcal infection. Treatment of young mice with asapiprant after pulmonary infection with invasive pneumococci significantly reduced systemic spread, disease severity, and host death. Protection was specific against bacterial dissemination from the lung to the blood but had no effect on pulmonary bacterial burden. Asapiprant-treated mice had enhanced antimicrobial activity in circulating neutrophils, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung macrophages/monocytes, and improved pulmonary barrier integrity indicated by significantly reduced diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran from lungs into the circulation. These findings suggest that asapiprant protects the host against pneumococcal dissemination by enhancing the antimicrobial activity of immune cells and maintaining epithelial/endothelial barrier integrity in the lungs.
Development of advanced control material for reverse transcription-mediated bacterial nucleic acid amplification tests
Authors: Lewis Janessa D. , Salipante Stephen J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Detection of bacterial RNA by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), such as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), offers distinct advantages over DNA-based methods. However, such assays also present challenges in ascertaining positive and internal control material that can reliably monitor success over all phases of testing (bacterial lysis, nucleic acid recovery, reverse transcription, amplification, and signal detection): since they are unable to distinguish between amplification of bacterial RNA transcripts and the DNA templates that encode them, using intact organisms as controls can inform cell lysis but not successful detection of RNA. We developed a control strategy for RNA-based bacterial NAATs that allows ready discrimination of RNA from DNA templates using self-splicing bacterial introns, such that those nucleic acids ultimately encode different sequences. We engineered two vectors encoding synthetic transgenes based on this principle, one that is active in the Gram-negative bacterium
Escherichia coli
and one that functions in both
E. coli
and the Gram-positive organism
Staphylococcus aureus
. We subsequently designed RT-LAMP assays that either target RNA and DNA from transgenic organisms or target RNA exclusively and demonstrated the specificity of amplification using purified nucleic acids. Using multiplex fluorescent RT-LAMP of heat-lysed specimens, we showed the practicality of deploying such transgenic organisms as an internal control to ascertain sample integrity and assay performance during clinical diagnostic testing. Our approach has broad utility for RNA-based bacterial NAATs, especially point-of-care assays and other applications where nucleic acids are nonspecifically liberated for testing.
A core-lab adjudicated analysis of single-stent assisted coiling of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms
Authors: Siddiqui Aliya , Fargen Kyle M , Vranic Justin E , Patel Aman B , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith J , Mascitelli Justin R , Fifi Johanna T , Mocco J , De Leacy Reade Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Background and purposeCore-lab adjudicated data regarding the efficacy of the single-stent assisted aneurysm coiling technique ‘L-stenting’ are lacking. We present a multicenter, core-lab adjudicated study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of single-stent assisted coiling in the treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBAs).MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent L-stenting for WNBAs at three academic institutions between 2015 and 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical safety and efficacy outcomes were gathered from the patient chart, and angiographic imaging was evaluated by core lab analysis. Safety and efficacy outcomes were summarized and predictors of safety and efficacy were calculated.ResultsOf 128 patients treated, 124 had angiographic outcome data at last follow-up. Of those, 110 had adequate (core-lab adjudicated modified Raymond Roy (mRR) score of 1 or 2) occlusion (88.7%). During follow-up, 19 patients (14.8%) required retreatment. There were 17 complications experienced in 12 patients: intraoperative (n=8, 6.25%), perioperative (n=5, 3.9%), or delayed (n=6; n=4 attributed to device/procedure, 3.1%). Significant predictors of complete occlusion were smaller aneurysm size and use of the jailing technique (P=0.0276). Significant predictors of retreatment were larger size, neck size, and larger dome to neck ratio (P=0.0008).ConclusionThis study provides multicenter, core-lab adjudicated angiographic data regarding the efficacy of single-stent assisted coiling for WNBAs. This study acts as a validated comparator for future studies investigating novel devices or techniques for treating this challenging subgroup of aneurysms.
Precarious employment in young adulthood and later alcohol-related morbidity: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Thern Emelie , Elling Devy L , Badarin Kathryn , Hernando Rodríguez Julio César , Bodin Theo 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe prevalence of precarious employment is increasing, particularly among young adults where less is known about the long-term health consequences. The present study aims to test if being precariously employed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life.MethodsA register-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden. The Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort was used to identify individuals who were aged 27 years between 2000 and 2003 (n=339 403). Information on labour market position (precarious employment, long-term unemployment, substandard employment and standard employment relations) was collected for young people 3 years after graduation from school using nationwide registers. Details about alcohol-related morbidity during a 28-year follow-up period were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Data on sex, age, country of birth, education and previous poor health were also obtained from the registers.ResultsYoung adults in precarious employment had an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity compared with individuals of the same age in standard employment (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.55), after adjusting for several important covariates. A stronger association was found among young men who were precariously employed compared with young women.ConclusionThis nationwide register-based study conducted in Sweden with a long-term follow-up suggests that being precariously employed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life.
Integration of Sensing, Communication, and Computing for Metaverse: A Survey
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Guo Qi , Ning Zhaolong , Guo Lei , Wang Guoyin , Gao Xinbo , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2024

The metaverse is an
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
-generated virtual world, in which people can game, work, learn, and socialize. The realization of metaverse not only requires a large amount of computing resources to realize the rendering of the virtual world, but also requires communication resources to realize real-time transmission of massive data to ensure a good user experience. The metaverse is currently moving from fiction to reality with the development of advanced technologies represented by AI, blockchain, extended reality, and
Digital Twins (DT)
. However, due to the shortage of communication as well as computing resources, how to realize secure and efficient data interaction between the virtual and the real is an important issue for the metaverse. In this article, we first discuss the characteristics and architecture of the metaverse and introduce its enabling technologies. To cope with the conflict between limited resources and user demands, the article next introduces an
Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computing (SCC)
technology and describes its basic principles and related characteristics of SCC. After that, solutions based on SCC in the metaverse scenarios are summarized and relevant lessons are summarized. Finally, we discuss some research challenges and open issues.
Em memória de Lívio Teixeira: do púlpito à Cátedra
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de 
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Em julho do corrente ano (dia 25 de julho de 1975) tive oportunidade de publicar neste mesmo local extenso artigo sobre um venerando pastor protestante, Alfredo Borges Teixeira, que poucos dias antes falecera quase às vésperas de seu próprio centenário. Nele fiz referência a algumas pessoas de sua família, notadamente seu filho mais velho, Lívio Teixeira, que foi, durante muitos anos, meu companheiro de trabalho na Universidade de São Paulo. Tal artigo já estava entregue à composição, portanto sem possibilidade de alterações, quando deparei num dos jornais de São Paulo com a notícia do falecimento de Lívio, que, assim, acompanhou, a distância de poucos dias, seu nobre genitor.
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Bronchoalveolar Cytokine Concentrations Redefine the COVID-19 Phenotypes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Vazquez Guillamet M. Cristina , Vazquez Guillamet Rodrigo , Rjob Ashraf , Reynolds Daniel , Parikh Bijal , Despotovic Vladimir , Byers Derek E. , Ellebedy Ali H. , Kollef Marin H. , Mudd Philip A. 
Published: April 2024

Rationale Recent studies suggest that both hypo- and hyperinflammatory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phenotypes characterize severe COVID-19-related pneumonia. The role of lung Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load in contributing to these phenotypes remains unknown. Objectives To redefine COVID-19 ARDS phenotypes when considering quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in the bronchoalveolar lavage of intubated patients. To compare the relevance of deep respiratory samples versus plasma in linking the immune response and the quantitative viral loads. Methods Eligible subjects were adults diagnosed with COVID-19 ARDS who required mechanical ventilation and underwent bronchoscopy. We recorded the immune response in the bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma and the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Hierarchical clustering on principal components was applied separately on the 2 compartments’ datasets. Baseline characteristics were compared between clusters. Measurements and Results Twenty subjects were enrolled between August 2020 and March 2021. Subjects underwent bronchoscopy on average 3.6 days after intubation. All subjects were treated with dexamethasone prior to bronchoscopy, 11 of 20 (55.6%) received remdesivir and 1 of 20 (5%) received tocilizumab. Adding viral load information to the classic 2-cluster model of ARDS revealed a new cluster characterized by hypoinflammatory responses and high viral load in 23.1% of the cohort. Hyperinflammatory ARDS was noted in 15.4% of subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage clusters were more stable compared to plasma. Conclusions We identified a unique group of critically ill subjects with COVID-19 ARDS who exhibit hypoinflammatory responses but high viral loads in the lower airways. These clusters may warrant different treatment approaches to improve clinical outcomes.
Automated Electronic Health Record Score to Predict Mortality Risk at the US Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Osborne Thomas F. , Veigulis Zachary P. , Ware Anna , Arreola David M. , Curtin Catherine , Yeung Marianne 
Published: April 2024

Background Terminally ill patients benefit from earlier engagement in palliative care. However, this does not always occur. This project assessed if an already available risk score, the Care Assessment Needs (CAN) score, would be able to identify patients at greatest risk for mortality within 30 days of hospital admission within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods The cohort of this retrospective analysis included all VA acute are patients over 18 years of age with a recent CAN score. The CAN score is an automatically calculated VA risk score that was repurposed to determine if it could predict risk of mortality after acute care admission. Univariate logistic regression was performed to obtain the probability of mortality within 30 days of admission, based on their CAN score. Results 298,467 patient records were assessed from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. There was 6% mortality after 30 days of admissions, and 17% mortality within 1-year post-admission. Mean CAN score was 65 (SD: 29). On average, each incremental increase in the CAN score increased the probability of mortality by 7%. Patients with a CAN score of 90 had a 10% probability of 30-day post-admission mortality. Conclusion A readily available risk score, automatically calculated from EHR data, was able to identify patients at high risk for 30-day mortality in the acute care setting. Next steps will be to assess how the CAN score can be utilized to in improve end of life care for high-risk hospitalized Veterans.
Clinical and Radiological Factors for Predicting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Patients With PI-RADS 3 Lesions
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Hu Can , Lin Yuxin , Song Ouyang , Gong Dongkui , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Nan 
Published: April 2024

Objective This study intends to examine the anticipatory power of clinical and radiological parameters in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in patients demonstrating Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 lesions. Methods This was a retrospective study. The study included participation from 453 patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, sampled between September 2017 through August 2022. Each patient underwent a routine 12-core prostate biopsy followed by a 2 to 5 core fusion-targeted biopsy. We utilized both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify the parameters that have a correlation with clinically significant prostate cancer. The predictive ability of these parameters was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve, leading to the creation of a nomogram. Results Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 68 out of 453 patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 lesions (15.01%). Among Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3a and 3b patients, 4.78% (3.09% of the total) and 33.75% (11.92% of the total), respectively, had clinically significant prostate cancer. Systematic biopsy improved prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer detection rates by 7.72% and 3.09%, respectively, compared to targeted biopsy. Without systematic biopsy, there would be an undetected rate of 15% for prostate cancer and 8.13% for clinically significant prostate cancer in Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3b patients. Several clinical parameters, including age, prostate-specific antigen density, lesion volume, apparent diffusion coefficient, and digital rectal examination, were statistically significant in the logistic regression analysis for clinically significant prostate cancer. The individual diagnostic accuracies of these parameters for clinically significant prostate cancer were 0.648, 0.645, 0.75, 0.763, and 0.7, respectively, but their combined accuracy improved to 0.866. A well-fit nomogram based on the identified risk factors was constructed (χ2 = 10.254, P = .248). Conclusion The combination of age, prostate-specific antigen density, lesion volume, apparent diffusion coefficient, and digital rectal examination presented a higher diagnostic value for clinically significant prostate cancer than any single parameter in patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 lesions. Systematic biopsy proved crucial for biopsy-naive patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 lesions and should not be omitted.