bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the diagnostic value of an immunofluorescence test for EB virus-specific IgM
Authors: Edwards Joan M. B. , McSwiggan D. A. 
Published: June 2007

A modification of the test for EB virus/IgM introduced by Schmitz and Scherer (1972) is described. It is simple and gives reproducible results.EB virus/IgM was demonstrated in all but one case of infectious mononucleosis and in students with minor illness shown to have acquired EB virus/IgG recently. Unlike the EB virus/IgG, the IgM disappears within a few months. Although the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test is still the test of choice for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, the EB virus/IgM test could be useful to establish a diagnosis of current or recent EB virus infection where the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test was negative or equivocal.
Tests of disinfection by heat in a bedpan washing machine
Authors: Ayliffe G. A. J. , Collins B. J. , Deverill C. E. A. 
Published: June 2007

Tests of effectiveness of disinfection of metal and polypropylene bedpans were made in a washer fitted with a steam generator. Broth cultures ofEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, orStreptococcus faecalis(approximately 4 × 108organisms) were sealed in lengths of capillary tubing and attached to the surface of the pans. In other tests, pans were contaminated with an artificial soil containingStr. faecalis(108organisms/ml). In both series of tests, counts of surviving organisms were made at the end of the washing and disinfection cycle. The tests using capillary tubes showed that the Gram-negative bacilli were effectively killed, but not necessarily Gram-positive cocci. However, when incorporated in standard soil,Str. faecaliswas killed or removed during the cycle.The results indicate that the disinfection process was effective for metal bedpans, but less so for polypropylene. Possible disadvantages and modification of the machine are suggested.
Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in disseminated neoplasm
Authors: Manley Gerald , Bower Lynne , Anson Anna 
Published: June 2007

Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion was studied in 24 cases of disseminated neoplasm, 12 of which had unequivocal evidence of skeletal involvement. Urinary hydroxyproline, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-precipitable uronic acid, and CPC-precipitable hexosamine were expressed as a ratio to urinary creatinine. Glycosaminoglycans contained in urine concentrated × 1000 by vacuum-dialysis were separated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and stained with alcian blue. Of the 12 cases with clear evidence of skeletal involvement, eight (66%) showed elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, five (42%) showed elevation of urinary hydroxyproline, and three (25%) showed elevation of urinary uronic acid. It is concluded that urinary uronic acid is not a sensitive index of skeletal involvement in disseminated neoplasm.The most striking feature of the study was the identification of a well-defined fraction indist inguishable from hyaluronic acid in seven (58%) of the cases with evidence of skeletal involvement. Hyaluronic acid is not normally identifiable in adult human urine. The hyaluronic acid excretors showed more consistent biochemical evidence of bone disease (elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline) than the non-excretors. The possibility that the urinary hyaluronic acid is derived from degradation of skeletal hyaluronic acid is discussed. An alternative explanation is that the hyaluronic acid is derived from neoplastic cells as part of a reversion of glycosaminoglycan synthesis to a more `fetal' state, a glycosaminoglycan counterpart of the production of oncofetal antigens by neoplastic cells.
`On line' data handling in a routine haematology department
Authors: Burmester H. B. C. , Crow G. S. 
Published: June 2007

The use of a `stand alone' mini computer, on line, data acquisition system is described utilising a microprocessor as an adjunct to the main central processor to increase data transmission rates. Visual display units (VDU) provide on line flexibility of data input.The system acquires, on line, the Coulter S generated parameters together with the associated patient identification data and other requested tests. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet count, and B12 and folate results are fed in at will via the VDUs, using rapid entry subroutines.Percentage differential white cell count results and the absolute leucocyte count are calculated by the microprocessor, on line input being facilitated by remote keyboards associated with the VDUs.Total editing of all requests and results is available on all `current' (unfiled) reports via the VDUs, and this facility includes the entry of film appearances using plus symbols and predetermined comments available against a code number. This editing function is also used to enter all other results that can be made available on the computer-printed report form.The computer system also provides quality control data, immediate printout of Coulter S results outside given limits, cumulative filing for all routine and designated `priority' results, and a daily alphabetical listing of all patients from whom specimens have been examined together with full blood count, ESR, and platelet results on specimens examined that day.
Progression and regression of cervical lesions
Authors: Spriggs AI , Boddington MM 
Published: June 2007

Cervical smears were reviewed from patients in whom a cytological abnormality was followed, after an interval without interference, either by regression to `negative' or else by progression to invasive carcinoma. Twenty-eight cases were from a previously analysed series with positive smears and an interval of at least two years before investigation, resulting from refusal or failure to trace. Slides were also reviewed from 25 cases in which `positive' smears had regressed to negative without escaping from surveillance, and from 10 patients subsequently developing invasive carcinoma whose previous slides, taken several years earlier, showed abnormalities on review. None of these 63 patients had any biopsy or other surgical procedure to the cervix between the initial smear and the outcome.Slides showing `superficial cell dyskaryosis' and/or well-differentiated `parabasal cell dyskaryosis' were found only among the groups with subsequent regression. Those showing dissociated poorly differentiated dyskaryotic parabasal cells regressed to negative in two cases and progressed to invasion in nine. This suggests that many examples of spontaneous regression correspond to mild dysplasias which are not precancerous, and overdiagnosis must often have resulted in unnecessary surgical procedures in the past.`Regressing' and `progressing' groups both included cases in which the spatula had removed coherent pieces of undifferentiated epithelium. These are difficult to interpret cytologically. In nine of them (including four which regressed) the cytological picture was that of carcinoma in situ. The remainder (14 cases) were probably examples of reserve cell hyperplasia, and it is noteworthy that, of the 21 cases subsequently progressing to invasive carcinoma, five were preceded by appearances of this type. It is concluded that cell aggregates suggesting an unusual degree of reserve cell hyperplasia are a danger signal and require careful surveillance.
An on-line computer system for hospital bacteriology: description of its development and comments after five years' use
Authors: Blair JN , Brown PP 
Published: June 2007

The development over several years of a computer system for hospital bacteriology reporting is described. The system was developed from a manual method to a punch-card batch processing system and finally to a real-time on-line system. The value of the system to the clinical departments and laboratory is discussed.Apart from minor defects the system has been of immense advantage to all who make use of its facilities.
Value of plasma calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase measurements in the diagnosis of histological osteomalacia
Authors: Peach Hedley , Compston Juliet E , Vedi Shobhana , Horton Leo WL 
Published: June 2007

Plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activities were examined retrospectively in 50 patients with histologically proven osteomalacia and 50 age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal bone histology. An abnormal plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was more useful than an abnormal plasma calcium or phosphate concentration in distinguishing between normal and osteomalacic subjects, producing a false-negative rate of 14% and a false-positive rate of 8%. False-negative and false-positive rates of 10% and 8% respectively were obtained when the presence of an abnormality in any one of the three biochemical measurements was used as a predictor of histological osteomalacia. When discriminant analysis was applied to plasma calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase together a false-negative rate of 12% and a false-positive rate of 0% was obtained.Sixty-two patients in whom a diagnosis of osteomalacia was suspected were investigated prospectively, using both single biochemical abnormalities and the classification functions derived from the discriminant analysis of all three biochemical measurements to predict the presence or absence of histological osteomalacia. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity gave false-negative and false-positive rates of 10% and 32% respectively but was a more reliable predictor of abnormal bone histology than were plasma calcium or plasma phosphate concentrations or the presence of an abnormality in any one of the three measurements. Discriminant analysis using plasma calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase together produced a false-negative rate of 16% and a false-positive rate of 10%.We conclude that plasma alkaline phosphatase activity is the best single routine biochemical screening test for osteomalacia, although a high false-positive rate may occur. Direct discriminant analysis of plasma calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase together provides a more sensitive method of detecting histological osteomalacia which should be useful in determining the prevalence of osteomalacia within high-risk populations.
The Value of Power Doppler Ultrasonography in Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: de Vos Robert-Jan , Weir Adam , Cobben Lodewijk P. J. , Tol Johannes L. 
Published: June 2007

Background Neovascularization, detected with power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU), is thought by some to play a central role in pathogenesis of Achilles tendinopathy. Hypothesis Power Doppler ultrasonography neovascularization score is correlated with clinical severity at baseline and after conservative treatment. Study Design Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods Seventy tendons from 58 patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy were included, and 63 symptomatic tendons were analyzed. All patients were prescribed a 12-week heavy-load eccentric training program and evaluated with PDU at baseline and 12 weeks. Patient satisfaction, Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment—Achilles (VISA-A) score, and mean visual analog scale (VAS) score were correlated with degree of neovascularization (5-grade scale). Results Of the 63 symptomatic tendons, baseline neovascularization scores were 23 grade 0 (37% no neovessels), 18 grade 1, 8 grade 2, 8 grade 3, and 6 grade 4 (63% neovascularization grades 1-4). At baseline, neovascularization was not significantly correlated with the mean VAS score (r = .19, P = .131) and VISA-A score (r = —.23, P = .074). At 12-week follow-up, the neovascularization score significantly correlated with the mean VAS score (r = .43, P < .001) and VISA-A score (r = —.46, P < .001). No significant differences were found in improvement of VISA-A score after treatment between patients with neovessels (grades 1-4) or without neovessels (grade 0) at baseline. Conclusion Sixty-three percent of the symptomatic tendons were found to have neovessels at baseline. There was no significant correlation between neovascularization score and clinical severity at baseline, but at follow-up, there was a significant correlation. Neovascularization at baseline did not predict clinical outcome after conservative treatment.
Hypoxic stress underlies defects in erythroblast islands in the Rb-null mouse
Authors: Spike Benjamin T. , Dibling Benjamin C. , Macleod Kay F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDefinitive erythropoiesis occurs in islands composed of a central macrophage in contact with differentiating erythroblasts. Erythroid maturation including enucleation can also occur in the absence of macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. We reported previously that loss of Rb induces cell-autonomous defects in red cell maturation under stress conditions, while other reports have suggested that the failure of Rb-null erythroblasts to enucleate is due to defects in associated macrophages. Here we show that erythropoietic islands are disrupted by hypoxic stress, such as occurs in the Rb-null fetal liver, that Rb−/− macrophages are competent for erythropoietic island formation in the absence of exogenous stress and that enucleation defects persist in Rb-null erythroblasts irrespective of macrophage function.
HIF–prolyl hydroxylase inhibition results in endogenous erythropoietin induction, erythrocytosis, and modest fetal hemoglobin expression in rhesus macaques
Authors: Hsieh Matthew M. , Linde N. Seth , Wynter Aisha , Metzger Mark , Wong Carol , Langsetmo Ingrid , Lin Al , Smith Reginald , Rodgers Griffin P. , Donahue Robert E. , Klaus Stephen J. , Tisdale John F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is crucial in mitigating the deleterious effects of oxygen deprivation. HIF-α is an essential component of the oxygen-sensing mechanisms and under normoxic conditions is targeted for degradation via hydroxylation by HIF–prolyl hydroxylases. Several HIF–prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs) induced erythropoietin (epo) expression in vitro and in mice, with peak epo expression ranging from 5.6- to 207-fold above control animals. Furthermore, several PHIs induced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression in primary human erythroid cells in vitro, as determined by flow cytometry. One PHI, FG-2216, was further tested in a nonhuman primate model without and with chronic phlebotomy. FG-2216 was orally bioavailable and induced significant and reversible Epo induction in vivo (82- to 309-fold at 60 mg/kg). Chronic oral dosing in male rhesus macaques was well tolerated, significantly increased erythropoiesis, and prevented anemia induced by weekly phlebotomy. Furthermore, modest increases in HbF-containing red cells and reticulocytes were demonstrated by flow cytometry, though significant increases in HbF were not demonstrated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). HIF PHIs represent a novel class of molecules with broad potential clinical application for congenital and acquired anemias.
Screening for leukemia- and clone-specific markers at birth in children with T-cell precursor ALL suggests a predominantly postnatal origin
Authors: Fischer Susanna , Mann Georg , Konrad Marianne , Metzler Markus , Ebetsberger Georg , Jones Neil , Nadel Bertrand , Bodamer Olaf , Haas Oskar A. , Schmitt Klaus , Panzer-Grümayer E. Renate 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Childhood T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TCP ALL) is an aggressive disease with a presumably short latency that differs in many biologic respects from B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL. We therefore addressed the issue of in utero origin of this particular type of leukemia by tracing oncogenic mutations and clone-specific molecular markers back to birth. These markers included various first- and second-hit genetic alterations (TCRD-LMO2 breakpoint regions, n = 2; TAL1 deletions, n = 3; Notch1 mutations, n = 1) and nononcogenic T-cell receptor rearrangements (n = 13) that were derived from leukemias of 16 children who were 1.5 to 11.2 years old at diagnosis of leukemia. Despite highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches (1 cell with a specific marker among 100 000 normal cells), we identified the leukemic clone in the neonatal blood spots in only 1 young child. These data suggest that in contrast to BCP ALL most TCP ALL cases are initiated after birth.
Impact of Adoption of Chemoradiotherapy on the Outcome of Cervical Cancer in Ontario: Results of a Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pearcey Robert , Miao Qun , Kong Weidong , Zhang-Salomons Jina , Mackillop William J. 
Published: June 2007

Purpose To describe the adoption of concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT), and to evaluate its impact on the outcome of cervical cancer in Ontario. Methods We used a population-based cancer registry to identify the 4,069 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix diagnosed in Ontario between 1992 and 2001. We linked electronic records of treatment to the registry. We described time trends in the use of C-CRT, and we compared survival before and after widespread adoption of C-CRT. Results Over the study period, the proportion of patients treated with primary radical radiotherapy (RT) remained constant at approximately 42%. Between 1992 and 1998, less than 10% of RT cases received chemotherapy. Early in 1999, there was rapid adoption of C-CRT. Between 1999 and 2001, more than 60% of RT cases received C-CRT. There was a contemporaneous increase in overall 3-year survival from 71.1% in the 1995 to 1998 cohort to 75.9% in the 1999 to 2001 cohort (P = .03). There was no change in survival in patients treated with surgery alone. However, there was a significant increase in 3-year survival from 58.6% in the 1995 to 1998 cohort to 69.8% in the 1999 to 2001 cohort (P < .01) in the subpopulation of patients treated with primary RT ± chemotherapy. Conclusion The adoption of C-CRT was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival of cervical cancer at the population level. The magnitude of the benefit of C-CRT in the general population was consistent with the results of the relevant clinical trials.
Die überbetriebliche forstliche Planung im Kanton Glarus | All-encompassing forestry planning in the canton of Glarus
Authors: Winzeler Klemens 
Published: June 2007

Forestry planning in the canton of Glarus, taking in all forest enterprises, is based on three important pillars: the cantonal forest plan (forest development plan), the cantonal forest inventory, and the mapping of forest societies. The forest plan shows individually weighted forest functions, the corresponding goals and general measures. To a certain degree the plan is the mission statement of the forest. Plant sociological site mapping is an important starting point to eliminate certain functions of the forest (yield and welfare functions).
Based on previous company inventories, a cantonal forest inventory is taking shape that will provide information on the structure, composition, as well as the condition and development of the forest. In order to optimise expenditure the density of the sample plots has been reduced by a third (i.e. one per 9 ha instead of the original 3 ha) and a changeover to a cluster with six sample plots has been put into place. Random checks are to be continued and samplings supplemented with the evaluation of the stability and surveys of young forest stands. Preliminary results are positive. Control samplings will be taken in order to ensure quality.
Partitioning information in a multidimensional contingency table and centring of log‐linear parameters
Authors: Zighera Jacques A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA centring of the parameters of a log‐linear model, based on the weighted harmonic mean of the exponential transforms of the parameters, gives results more consistent with the model than the traditional centring technique arbitrarily based—by analogy with the analysis of variance—on the average of the untransformed parameters. It permits the partitioning of the total information of the table in components of the information, each corresponding with a margin appearing in the constraints. An illustration is given at the end of the article concerning the labour force in the European Community.
Applied linguistics: Optimization of semantic relations by data aggregation techniques
Authors: Warnesson Isabelle 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAfter a short methodological presentation of similarity aggregation in automatic classification, we will present an application to computational linguistics. We will try to explain, from an existing dictionary of synonyms, how we have
defined what was, in our opinion, the meaning of the synonymous relation we wanted to reveal in a new optimized dictionary,
transformed the existing dictionary into a sequence of matrices of synonymy,
checked with an adapted algorithm (similarity aggregation technique) if the links appearing in the existing dictionary corresponded to our synonymy definition,
tried to improve the synonymous relation,
in order to propose more accurate data facilitating the management of a new dictionary and providing a classification of synonyms according to a semic separate valuation.
Exponential family non‐linear models for categorical data with errors of observation
Authors: Palmgren Juni , Ekholm Anders 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present a general framework for treating categorical data with errors of observation. We show how both latent class models and models for doubly sampled data can be treated as exponential family nonlinear models. These are extended generalized linear models with the link function substituted by an observationwise defined non‐linear function of the model parameters. The models are formulated in terms of structural probabilities and conditional error probabilities, thus allowing natural constraints when modelling errors of observation. We use an iteratively reweighted least squares procedure for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates. This is faster than the traditionally used EM algorithm and the computations can be made in GLIM.1As examples we analyse three sets of categorical data with errors of observation which have been analysed before by Ashford and Sowden,2Goodman3and Chen,4respectively.
A brownian motion model of return migration
Authors: Tapiero Charles S. , Toren Nina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper considers a continuous time, continuous state stochastic process to determine a theoretical model and empirical parameters for the probability distribution of remigration. A Brownian motion model is used for simplicity, with empirical findings drawn from a study of Israeli return migrants. A negative relationship between remigration (sojourn) time and the probability of return time is used to provide forecasts of remigration which can help governments who seek actively the return of their migrants to reach better decisions regarding the timing of their efforts.
Capital structure of real estate assets: Theory and empirical evidence
Authors: Raimbourg P. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a model which intends to explain the capital structure of real estate assets. The model is cast in classical portfolio choice framework, but special attention is paid to the liquidity constraint. The test of this model on two assets with different capital structures (new housing and old housing in France) revealed the importance of return indicators as well as liquidity constraint in the household's financing decisions.