bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of a prostaglandin E1 oligomer on taurocholate‐induced rat pancreatitis
Authors: SAKAI Y. , HAYAKAWA T. , KONDO T. , SHIBATA T. , KITAGAWA M. , SOBAJIMA H. , NARUSE S. , OHNISHI S. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEffects of prostaglandin E (PGE) on acute pancreatitis have been controversial. This study shows the effects of PGE1 oligomer, MR‐356, on trypsin‐taurocholate‐induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Divided intraperitoneal doses of 0.6 mg/rat were administered, which increased 24 h survival rates when the oligomer was given both at 1 h before and after (group A) and immediately and 3 h after (group B) induction of pancreatitis. In group A MR‐356 significantly improved the survival rates at 18 h (94 vs 61%, P < 0.05) and 24 h (68 vs 33%, P <0.05) when compared with controls. MR‐356 improved the survival rates dose‐dependently up to 0.6 mg/rat when given by the same protocol of group A. In group B MR‐356 also improved the survival rate (72 vs 39%, P < 0.05) only at 24 h, while other parameters failed to improve. The present results suggest that the PGE1 oligomer may play a beneficial role in bile‐induced pancreatitis, probably through its proposed effects of stabilization of lysosomal membranes, maintenance of microcirculation and inhibition of protease in the pancreas.
Protective effect of a cephalosporin, Shiomarin, plus a new potent protease inhibitor, E3123, on rat taurocholate‐induced pancreatitis
Authors: HIRANO TETSUYA , MANABE TADAO , IMANISHI KATSUHIRO , TOBE TAKAYOSHI 
Published: March 2008

Abstract The role of infectious factors in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and the protective effect of combined therapy with a new potent synthetic protease inhibitor, E3123, and a new potent synthetic cephalosporin, Shiomarin were examined in rat acute pancreatitis. Sodium taurocholate injection into the pancreatico‐biliary duct of rats caused severe pancreatitis with a high mortality rate, characterized by hyperamylasaemia, high amylase activity in ascitic fluid, hyperendotoxaemia and a high serum level of fibrin degradation products (FDP) and redistribution of cathepsin B from the lysosomal fraction to the zymogen fraction. Sodium taurocholate injection into the pancreatico‐biliary duct also caused the bacterial growth in the pancreas. In rats with E3123 infusion almost all parameters were improved, including mortality rate, serum and ascitic fluid amylase levels, plasma endotoxin and serum FDP levels, and distribution of lysosomal enzyme. But combination therapy with E3123 and Shiomarin was significantly more protective than E3123 therapy alone.These results indicate that infection plays an important role in the development of severe pancreatitis and that combination therapy with a new synthetic protease inhibitor and a new potent antibiotic may be useful in the treatment of severe pancreatitis.
Abnormal prothrombin: Evaluation as a tumour marker and localization in tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: KODA T. , YAMAZAKI S. , TAMURA I. , NAKABA H. , TAKAO T. , KATAYAMA S. , KURIMURA O. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract In this study, the diagnostic significance of PIVKA‐II concentrations in various liver diseases was evaluated, and the use of PIVKA‐II as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was discussed. Also, the location of abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA‐II) production in HCC by indirect immunoperoxidase staining was examined. There was a good correlation between plasma and serum PIVKA‐II concentrations, indicating that serum samples are adequate for PIVKA‐II measurements. Fifty‐four of 97 (55.7%) patients with HCC, one of 10 (10%) patients with metastatic liver cancer and two of 47 (4.3%) patients with liver cirrhosis had positive serum PIVKA‐II concentrations. Positive serum PIVKA‐II concentrations were found more frequently in patients with HCC than in any other liver disease (P < 0.01). Of the 97 patients with HCC, 54 (55.7%) were PIVKA‐II positive, 76.3% had serum concentrations of either PIVKA‐II or α‐fetoprotein, indicating the usefulness of both tumour markers in the diagnosis of HCC.Using frozen sections of tissue specimens obtained at autopsy or during surgery, the localization of PIVKA‐II was examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining with specific anti‐PIVKA‐II antibodies. Tissues from 12 of 22 patients with HCC had positive PIVKA‐II indirect immunoperoxidase staining only in the cancer cells. Cells with greater atypia tended to have stronger cytoplasmic staining. No specific staining was observed in non‐cancerous cells.These findings suggest that PIVKA‐II is synthesized specifically in hepatic cancer cells.
Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and other liver diseases in Japanese patients with chronic ulcerative colitis
Authors: HASHIMOTO E. , IDETA M. , TANIAI M. , WATANABE U. , OKUDA H. , NAGASAKO K. , HISAMITSU T. , OBATA H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) is well known in Western countries, but there have been no reports on this association in Japan. We reviewed 163 consecutive CUC patients (91 males and 72 females) diagnosed from 1984 to 1990 at Tokyo Women's Medical College. Abnormal liver function tests were found in 42 patients with CUC (25.8%), but chronic liver disease was only diagnosed in seven patients (4.3%). Among these seven patients, there were four with PSC, one with small‐duct PSC, one with transfusion‐associated chronic hepatitis and one with Type B liver cirrhosis. No relationship was found between the documented colonic manifestations of CUC and the presence of PSC. The four PSC patients did not have a longer history of CUC at the time of diagnosis of PSC than CUC patients without PSC. At the time of PSC diagnosis, two patients were asymptomatic, one presented with right upper quadrant pain, and the other had fatigue. Three patients were diagnosed as having CUC before the onset of PSC (range 2–13 years), and the other patient had both diseases simultaneously. All four had a good prognosis. Thus PSC was the most common chronic liver disease associated with CUC in our series, and it was present in all our CUC patients with alkaline phosphatase levels exceeding twice the upper limit of normal and mild transaminase elevation.
Genotypic subtyping of hepatitis C virus
Authors: CHAYAMA KAZUAKI , TSUBOTA AKIHITO , ARASE YASUJI , SAITOH SATOSHI , KOIDA ISAO , IKEDA KENJI , MATSUMOTO TOYOMI , KOBAYASHI MARIKO , IWASAKI SATOMI , KOYAMA SHIMA , MORINAGA TSUTO , KUMADA HIROMITSU 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFour subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV), Pt(I), K1(II), K2a(III) and K2b(IV), have been suggested based on the nucleotide sequences of the non‐structural (NS) 5 region. A fifth subtype from Japanese patients, Tr(V), which shows a less than 68% homology in nucleotide sequence when compared with other subtypes has been identified. A one‐step method which enables a quick determination of subtype using polymerase chain reaction with a mixed primer set deduced from the sequence of each subtype has been developed. Using this technique, the subtypes of 418 out of 478 Japanese patients (87.4%) were determined. The incidence of each subtype in Japan was as follows: K1(II), 307 (73.4%); K2a(III), 74 (17.7%); K2b(IV), 28 (6.7%); and Tr(V), 3 (0.7%). This one‐step subtyping technique should be useful for studying the epidemiology or biology of the HCV.
Combination antiviral therapy controls severe post‐liver transplant recurrence of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: ANGUS PETER , RICHARDS MICHAEL , BOWDEN SCOTT , IRETON JOHN , SINCLAIR ROGER , JONES ROBERT , LOCARNINI STEPHEN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe authors have successfully used combination ganciclovir and foscarnet chemotherapy to control viral replication following liver transplantation in a patient with severe recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The disease was characterized by extremely high viraemias, deteriorating liver function, and high levels of intra‐hepatic hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Treatment resulted in a greater than 30‐fold reduction in serum HBV DNA and HBsAg levels. Liver function tests returned to normal and the histological progression of the disease was arrested. Hepatic cytoplasmic HBsAg decreased substantially but there was little change in HBcAg, implicating HBsAg rather than HBcAg in the liver injury. Combination antiviral chemotherapy using agents such as ganciclovir and foscarnet may offer a new approach to the management of post‐transplant recurrence of HBV.
Retroperitoneal haematoma due to ruptured microaneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery
Authors: FUJII T. , FUJINAMI S. , TAKEUCHI Y. , SHIRO T. , KITAGAWA S. , FUKUI Y. , OKUNO H. , KUBOTA Y. , SHIOZAKI Y. , INOUE K. , UEHARA M. , UETSUJI S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA case of retroperitoneal haematoma due to a ruptured microaneurysm of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery in a 61 year old man is described. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed cystic masses near the gall‐bladder. Selective coeliac angiography disclosed a microaneurysm of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Surgical extirpation of the cystic masses was performed, and the histological finding was an encapsulated old haematoma.
Changing prevalence of hepatitis B virus in urbanized Australian Aborigines
Authors: PATTERSON FRANKIE , BUMAK JAMES , BATEY ROBERT 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSerological surveys of desert or rural Australian Aboriginal settlements report up to 85% positivity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. We report the results of two cross‐sectional HBV surveys carried out 5 years apart in the bi‐racial town of Condobolin, New South Wales (population 3086; 14% Aborigines).In 1983–84, none of the 310 non‐Aborigines tested were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive but 7.2% were positive for hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc). Among Aboriginal subjects, 57.6% had detectable HBV markers and 16.9% were HBsAg positive. In 1987–88, no non‐Aborigines were HBsAg positive and only 1% (of 422 individuals) had anti‐core antibodies. In contrast, 36% of Aboriginal subjects had HBV markers and 6% were HBsAg positive. No significant difference in detectable HBV markers was found among 98 Aborigines who were included in both surveys. Migration was the main factor influencing the HBV prevalence between the two surveys. Clustering of HBsAg carriers occurred within households and the likely mode of infection was intrafamilial horizontal childhood transmission.There was a significant association between HBV markers and tattooing in Aborigines (P≤ 0.02). Overall, HBV markers were less frequent in this population than in other desert or rural Aboriginal populations surveyed. The prevalence of HBV infection in non‐Aboriginal households was not significantly different from that in the Australian Caucasian population.
Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma: Relationship to histological grade
Authors: TANIAI M. , TOMIMATSU M. , OKUDA H. , SAITO A. , OBATA H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), also known as cyclin, is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase‐δ and is found only in the nuclei of proliferating cells in the late G1 and S phases. The proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by immunohistochemical staining for PCNA using paraffin sections of 20 surgically resected HCC specimens was analysed. The mean percentage of PCNA‐positive nuclei in the HCC tissue was 10.3% in grade I of Edmondson and Steiner's classification, 25.5% in grade II, 28.4% in grade III and 41.5% in grade IV. In early HCC, we observed only a few PCNA‐positive tumour cells. However, PCNA‐positive nuclei were numerous in the tumour thrombi found in portal vein branches, in regions of extracapsular tumour growth, and in the inner nodules of tumours with a nodule‐in‐nodule formation. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen positivity was correlated with an increase of the nucleocytoplasmic ratio of tumour cells as determined by image analysis. Our findings showed that PCNA positivity was correlated with the histological grade and invasiveness of HCC, suggesting that this antigen may be used as an indicator to predict tumour invasion in patients with HCC.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of the p53 tumour suppressor gene product in cancer of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: LEE C. SOON , RUSH MOIRA , CHARALAMBOUS DORA , RODE JÜRGEN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe p53 tumour suppressor gene and its protein products after point mutations are currently attracting wide attention in the investigation of human tumours. In this study we present the findings on percutaneous pancreatic biopsies of 82 cases after routine processing and immunostaining for the polyclonal p53 antibody CM1, an antibody directed against both wild and mutant forms of p53 protein. There were 51 carcinomas, 5 islet cell tumours, 16 cases of chronic pancreatitis (including one with atypical ductal epithelium) and seven histologically normal pancreatic biopsy specimens. None of the seven normal cases showed any definite nuclear immunostaining for p53. Thirty‐two (63%) of the pancreatic adenocarcinomas showed moderate to intense immunoreactivity. Of the 16 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 11 were negative and three showed equivocal immunostaining. The one case with ductal epithelial atypia showed mild to moderate immunoreactivity. All islet cell tumours were negative. The expression of the p53 gene, therefore, appears increased in the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinomas while this is not observed in chronic pancreatitis or normal pancreatic tissue. Nuclear immunoreactivity for p53 protein may represent mutant forms because of the short half‐life of the wild‐type protein. The lack of p53 expression in some cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma may be due to different types of mutant proteins not detectable by the CM1 antibody. Nuclear immunoreactivity to the p53 protein in pancreatic biopsy is more suggestive of a malignant tumour than chronic pancreatitis.
Hepatic angiomyolipoma pre‐operatively diagnosed by imaging
Authors: KUDO MASATOSHI , OKUNO TOSHITAKA , TOMITA SHUSUKE , KAJIWARA TATEHIRO , SHIRANE HIROBUMI , USUKI NORIROU , TODO AKIO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn asymptomatic patient with pre‐operatively diagnosed solitary angiomyolipoma is reported. The tumour was a well defined, fat density mass on computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a hyperechoic nodule with a sharp margin on ultrasonography (US). The lesion was hypervascular on arteriography and CT during hepatic angiography. Chemical shift MRI confirmed the fat component within the lesion. Although a review of the literature shows this tumour to be rare and difficult to differentiate from a malignant lesion pre‐operatively, the pre‐operative diagnosis of angiomyolipoma is considered feasible when the characteristic findings as described here are present.
Immunological responses against an autologous human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
Authors: USUDA SEIICHI , YOSHIZAWA KANAME , YABU KOJI , KIYOSAWA KENDO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe performed a detailed analysis of immune responses in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line and effector cells obtained from a patient with HCC. We examined the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against an autologous tumour cell line (SUHC‐1) to investigate the immune mechanism of human lymphocytes against HCC cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were induced by co‐culturing of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and SUHC‐1 cells, mixed lymphocyte and tumour cell culture (MLTC). The susceptibility of SUHC‐1 to NK and LAK cells was similar to that of other allogeneic cell lines, such as K562, PLC/PRF/5 and Mahlavu. Effector cells induced in the primary MLTC had high cytotoxic acitivity but were not specific for SUHC‐1. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes with specific activity against SUHC‐1 were induced after PBL were stimulated five times at 7–10 day intervals with SUHC‐1 and low‐dose recombinant interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2), suggesting that as the culture progressed, broadly reactive effector cells disappeared and specific effector cells survived. The specific effector cells were identified as CD3+/CD4+ and CD+/CD8+ T‐lymphocyte subsets. The recognition mechanisms of CD3+/CD4+ CTL remain unresolved because the cytotoxicities were not inhibited by anti‐CD4 and anti‐major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). Treatment of cells with anti‐CD3, anti‐CD8 and anti‐MHC class I MoAb partially inhibited lysis. These results demonstrated that the T‐cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex appeared to be involved in SUHC‐1 specific antigen recognition and antigen recognition of CD3+/CD8+ CTL was MHC class I restricted.
Role of the oestrogen receptor in liver regeneration in the male rat
Authors: LIDDLE CHRISTOPHER , FARRELL GEOFFREY C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPartial hepatectomy in male rats results in raised serum oestrogen levels, nuclear binding of oestrogen receptor (ER) and feminization of certain aspects of hepatic metabolism. It has been proposed that these changes may have an important role in liver regeneration. The present study was performed to ascertain the effects of the oestrogen agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES), 2 mg/kg, and the oestrogen antagonist tamoxifen (TAM), 2 mg/kg, on liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in the male rat. Regenerative activity was determined by incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine into hepatic DNA as well as by measurement of liver remnant weight. Following partial hepatectomy, there was a trend towards an increase in liver remnant weight at 24 h in rats treated with DES (DES, 5.95 ± 1.52 g; vehicle, 4.87 ± 0.66 g; P= 0.06) though by 48 h no effect was found. Tamoxifen treatment did not significantly affect liver weight at 24 h but by 48 h there was a highly significant reduction in liver remnant weight (TAM, 5.41 ± 0.85 g; vehicle, 7.31 ± 1.43 g; P < 0.001). Neither DES nor TAM treatment influenced liver regeneration as determined by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA. We conclude that pharmacologic manipulation of oestrogens does not influence the initiation of the regenerative process but that oestrogen may facilitate later phases of hepatic growth.
Pathogenesis of centrilobular necrosis following congestion of the liver
Authors: SHIBAYAMA YURO , URANO TORU , ASAKA SHOSAKU , HASHIMOTO KAZUAKI , NAKATA KATSUJI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe exact pathogenesis of centrilobular necrosis following congestion of the liver is still unknown. We reviewed the clinical data related to systemic circulatory disturbance and histopathology of the liver and the gut in 320 autopsy subjects. Congestion of the liver alone was associated only with atrophy and loss of hepatocytes in centrilobular areas, but not with hepatocellular coagulative necrosis. In many patients with coagulative necrosis of centrilobular hepatocytes and congestion of the liver, fibrin thrombi and neutrophil infiltration in the sinusoids, which are the characteristic histopathological features of the liver in endotoxaemia, were found in and around the necrotic area. Congestion, erosion or haemorrhage of the intestinal mucosa, which may allow entrance of endotoxin into the liver through the portal vein, was seen in such patients. Prolonged hypotension or shock, which may lead to portal endotoxaemia, was present in half the patients with centrilobular necrosis and congestion of the liver. These results suggest that not only congestion of the liver but also portal endotoxaemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of centrilobular necrosis in patients with congestion of the liver.
Factors useful in predicting the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: TSUBOTA AKIHITO , CHAYAMA KAZUAKI , ARASE YASUJI , KOIDA ISAO , SAITOH SATOSHI , IKEDA KENJI , IWASAKI SATOMI , MATSUMOTO TOYOMI , KOBAYASHI MARIKO , KUMADA HIROMITSU 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo determine how various factors influence the response to interferon (IFN) therapy, we retrospectively studied 157 consecutive Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C who received various treatment schedules of IFN. They were divided into two groups on the bases of outcome. One group was comprised of 65 patients who achieved a sustained normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels for at least 6 months after treatment, while the other group was comprised of 84 patients with persistent elevation of serum ALT levels, despite treatment. Genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genotype specific primers, analysing the variations in nucleotide sequence within the NS 5 region of the HCV genome, namely genotypes PT, K1, K2a and K2b. We then used a multivariate analysis to determine the factors related to mode of treatment, patient characteristics and HCV genotype in relation to the response to IFN therapy. Of the 16 factors analysed, the HCV genotype (genotype K2a or K2b, P < 0.0008), treatment schedule (intermittent administration following a daily schedule, designated as combined schedule, P > 0.0014) and liver histology just before treatment (chronic persistent hepatitis or mild chronic aggressive hepatitis, P < 0.0324) were the most strongly correlated with a normalizing response to IFN therapy. These results suggest that not only are the IFN treatment schedule and patient profile significant, but the properties of the virus also influences the response. However, as the IFN treatment schedule is the only changeable factor, it should be designed to maximize the benefit of IFN therapy.
Endotoxaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Detection by the chromogenic assay with plasma Tween 80 pretreatment
Authors: FUKUI HIROSHI , MATSUMOTO MUNESUKE , BODE CHRISTIANE , BODE J. CHRISTIAN , TSUJITA SHIGENOBU , TSUJII TADASU 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA recently developed chromogenic endotoxin assay with plasma Tween 80 pretreatment was compared with the conventional dilution and heating method. Plasma endotoxin was measured in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding by these methods. Plasma endotoxin concentration was calculated from an individual internal standard curve by adding three different standard endotoxin solutions to each sample. By the conventional heating method, added standard endotoxin gave different OD values in each sample and the slope of the standard curve showed interindividual variations. When sample plasma from chronic alcoholics was pretreated with 1% Tween 80 and ultrasonification after heating, the slope of standard curves was somewhat increased and interindividual variation was minimized. Significantly higher plasma endotoxin levels in cirrhotics with upper GI bleeding compared with those without upper GI bleeding was detected by this Tween 80 method. There was a strongly positive correlation between the endotoxin levels determined by this method and those determined by the perchloric acid method and endotoxin‐specific substrate in patients with upper GI bleeding. Endotoxin levels, which were elevated 1–2 days after the bleeding, tended to decrease as patients recovered.In summary, the recovery of endogenous and exogenous endotoxin from plasma sample was increased by adding Tween 80 before the chromogenic substrate assay. Transient elevation of plasma endotoxin was demonstrated by this Tween 80 method in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper GI bleeding.
Intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, type 1 anti‐neuronal nuclear antibodies and small‐cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: CHU G. , WILSON P. C. , CARTER C. D. , LENNON V. A. , ROBERTS‐THOMSON I. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntestinal pseudo‐obstruction is a rare paraneoplastic manifestation of small‐cell carcinoma of the lung. This report documents a further case associated with neuronal degeneration of enteric neural plexuses and a high serum titre of immunoglobulin G (IgG) type 1 anti‐neuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA‐1).