bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aurora‐A and Cyclin D1 polymorphisms and the age of onset of colorectal cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: Talseth Bente A. , Ashton Katie A. , Meldrum Cliff , Suchy Janina , Kurzawski Grzegorz , Lubinski Jan , Scott Rodney J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPolymorphisms in the 2 cell‐cycle control genes Aurora A and Cyclin D1 have previously been associated with changes in the age of onset of colorectal cancer in persons harboring germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). In this report, we have genotyped 312 individuals, who all harbored confirmed causative mutations in either hMSH2 or hMLH1, for 2 polymorphisms, one in Aurora A (T91A) and the other in Cyclin D1 (G870A). The results reveal that the previous association with the Aurora A polymorphism could not be confirmed in our larger group of HNPCC patients. The Cyclin D1 polymorphism, however, was associated with a significant difference in the age of disease onset on patients harboring hMSH2 mutations, which was not observed in hMLH1 mutation carriers. A combined analysis of the Aurora A and Cyclin D1 polymorphisms did not reveal any obvious association. In conclusion, it appears that the polymorphic variant of Aurora A does not appear to be associated with variation in colorectal cancer risk in HNPCC, whereas there is a more complex relationship between the Cyclin D1 polymorphism and disease risk in HNPCC. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case‐control study of high risk occupations for bladder cancer in New Zealand
Authors: Dryson Evan , 't Mannetje Andrea , Walls Chris , McLean Dave , McKenzie Fiona , Maule Milena , Cheng Soo , Cunningham Chris , Kromhout Hans , Boffetta Paolo , Blair Aaron , Pearce Neil 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe conducted a nationwide case‐control study of bladder cancer in adult New Zealanders to identify occupations that may contribute to the risk of bladder cancer in the New Zealand population. A total of 213 incident cases of bladder cancer (age 25–70 years) notified to the New Zealand Cancer Registry during 2003 and 2004, and 471 population controls, were interviewed face‐to‐face. The questionnaire collected demographic information and a full occupational history. The relative risks for bladder cancer associated with ever being employed in particular occupations and industries were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking and socio‐economic status. Estimates were subsequently semi‐Bayes adjusted to account for the large number of occupations and industries being considered. An elevated bladder cancer risk was observed for hairdressers (odds ratio (OR) 9.15 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.60–62.22), and sewing machinists (OR 3.07 95%CI 1.35–6.96). Significantly increased risks were not observed for several other occupations that have been reported in previous studies, including sales assistants (OR 1.03 95%CI 0.64–1.67), painters and paperhangers (OR 1.42 95%CI 0.56–3.60), sheet metal workers (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15–1.00), printing trades workers (OR 1.11 95%CI 0.41–3.05) and truck drivers (OR 1.36 95%CI 0.60–3.09), although the elevated odds ratios for painters, printers and truck drivers are consistent with excesses observed in other studies. Nonsignificantly increased risks were observed for tailors and dressmakers (OR 2.84 95%CI 0.62–13.05), rubber and plastics products machine operators (OR 2.82 95%CI 0.75–10.67), building workers (OR 2.15, 95%CI 0.68–6.73), and female market farmers and crop growers (OR 2.05 95%CI 0.72–5.83). In conclusion, this study has confirmed that hairdressers and sewing machinists are high risk occupations for bladder cancer in New Zealand, and has identified several other occupations and industries of high bladder cancer risk that merit further study. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor induces endothelial capillary formation through induction of membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase expression in vitro
Authors: Krubasik Davia , Eisenach Patricia A. , Kunz‐Schughart Leoni A. , Murphy Gillian , English William R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn our study, we examined the mechanism by which granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) regulates angiogenesis using in vitro models. GM‐CSF significantly increased precapillary sprout‐like formation from endothelial cell spheroids seeded in type‐I collagen gels and tubule formation on coculture of endothelial cells with fibroblasts. In both cases, sprout and tubule formation was highly dependent on metalloproteinase activity. Tissue Inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) profiling in the spheroid and coculture models showed inhibition by TIMP‐2 but not by TIMP‐1, indicative of activity of membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases (MT‐MMPs). GM‐CSF induced sprout formation in spheroids was found to be potently inhibited by siRNA specific for MT1‐MMP. Subsequent analysis showed that GM‐CSF transiently increased MT1‐MMP mRNA in endothelial cells in a MEK‐dependent mechanism, which led to increased surface levels of MT1‐MMP. This was accompanied by an increase in MT1‐MMP‐dependent degradation of DQ‐collagen by lysates of GM‐CSF stimulated endothelial cells. GM‐CSF did not increase MT1‐MMP levels in fibroblasts. The effect of GM‐CSF on endothelial cell sprout formation could be mimicked by adenoviral transduction of intact spheroids with virus expressing MT1‐MMP, but not by transduction of endothelial cells before spheroid formation, suggesting that upregulation of MT1‐MMP must only occur in cells directly involved in tubule formation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric bronchogenic cyst diagnosed by endosonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Sato Masaki , Irisawa Atsushi , Bhutani Manoop S. , Schnadig Vicki , Takagi Tadayuki , Shibukawa Goro , Wakatsuki Takeru , Imamura Hidemichi , Takahashi Yuta , Sato Ai , Hikichi Takuto , Obara Katsutoshi , Hashimoto Yuko , Watanabe Kazuo , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: November 2007

Abstract We report a case of a gastric bronchogenic cyst diagnosed via endosonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy. A 60‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination because of a gastric subepithelial lesion detected by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. EUS examination revealed a lesion that appeared to originate from the gastric submucosa but seemed to extend beyond the gastric wall. The latter finding raised concerns that the lesion might represent a cystic neoplasm rather than a simple cyst. Subsequently, EUS‐FNA was performed to establish a definitive diagnosis and to guide further management. Cytologic evaluation of aspirated material revealed the presence of benign‐appearing ciliated columnar epithelial cells within a mucinous background. Based on imaging and EUS‐FNA findings, a diagnosis of gastric bronchogenic cyst was made and surgical resection was avoided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Leaders understand the power of words
Authors: Millward Robert E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWords and phrases have the power to excite our spirits, to free our minds, and to help us envision innovative ideas. “I have a dream,” “Four score and seven years ago,” “A date which will live in infamy,” and “We hold these truths to be self‐evident” are phrases that need no explanation. We remember these phrases and we also remember who said them. We remember the speeches because the words had a powerful effect on us, but we also remember them because they were delivered with a deep passion. These words transformed our thinking about slavery, about segregation, about war, and about injustices. In short, leaders understand the power of words.
Controlling Coupling Reaction of EDC and NHS for Preparation of Collagen Gels Using Ethanol/Water Co‐Solvents
Authors: Nam Kwangwoo , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo control the crosslinking rate of the collagen gel, ethanol/water co‐solvent was adopted for the reaction solvent for the collagen microfibril crosslinking. Collagen gel was prepared by using EDC and NHS as coupling agents. Ethanol did not denaturate the helical structure of the collagen and prevented the hydrolysis of EDC, but showed the protonation of carboxylate anions. In order to control the intra‐ and interhelical crosslink of the collagen triple helix, variations of the mole ratio of carboxyl group/EDC/NHS, and of the ethanol mole concentration were investigated. Increase in the EDC ratio against the carboxyl group increased the crosslinking rate. Furthermore, an increase in the ethanol mole concentration resulted in an increase of the crosslinking rate until ethanol mole concentration was 0.12, but showed gradual decrease as the ethanol mole concentration was further increased. This is because the adsorption of solvent by the collagen gel, protonation of carboxylate anion, and hydrolysis of EDC is at its most optimum condition for the coupling reaction when the ethanol mole concentration is 0.12. The re‐crosslinking of the collagen gel showed an increase in the crosslinking rate, but did not show further increase when the coupling reaction was executed for the third time. This implied that the highest possible crosslinking rate for the intra‐ and interhelical is approximately 60% when EDC/NHS is used.magnified image
Fluorinated Styrene‐ and Carbazole‐Based Cladding Polymer Layers for EO and NLO Polymer Devices
Authors: Park Seung Koo , Park Suntak , Ju Jung Jin , Kim Min‐su , Kim Jin Tae , Lee Myung‐Hyun 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNovel polymer cladding materials were synthesized and their potential for use in optical waveguide devices was investigated. 9‐[2‐(2,3,5,6‐Tetrafluoro‐4‐vinylphenoxy)ethyl]‐9H‐carbazole and 1‐pentafluorophenylpyrrole‐2,5‐dione were used as comonomers for preparing the acrylic cladding copolymers. These showed a low resistivity (≈2 × 1013 Ω · cm) at room temperature and a low optical loss (−0.6 dB · cm−1) at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. The refractive indexes and the glass transition temperatures of the polymer cladding materials can be controlled by the composition of the copolymers. The resulting polymers are good candidates for cladding materials for practical applications in devices.magnified image
Polycondensation of Metal Salts of 6‐(2‐Chloroacetate)hexanoic Acid: A New Method to Synthesize Alternating Copolyesters Constituted by Glycolic Acid Units
Authors: Martínez‐Palau Meritxell , Franco Lourdes , Puiggalí Jordi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new copolyester was prepared from glycolic acid and 6‐hydroxyhexanoic acid units. The monomer was prepared by a thermal polycondensation method and its reactivity evaluated by means of DSC and IR spectroscopy. The driving force of the reaction was the formation of a metal chloride salt. Thus, the reactivity depended on the ionization potential of the alkaline cation; while the cesium salt started to polymerize at room temperature, the sodium salt did so only above 120 °C. The low reaction temperature and the absence of catalysts allowed transesterification and other secondary reactions to be avoided. DSC, optical microscopy and XRD techniques demonstrated that the new polymer was highly crystalline. The final molecular weight was sufficient to obtain fiber‐forming properties.magnified image
Polymer Synthesis and Modification by Use of Microwaves
Authors: Bardts Mareike , Gonsior Nina , Ritter Helmut 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNowadays, microwave‐assisted polymer chemistry is a rapidly growing field of research. In the last few years, various examples of reaction accelerations, selectivities, and higher yields have been reported. In this contribution, the current state of the art is summarized and an overview on microwave‐assisted polymerizations is presented, whereby special attention is given to advantages and promising future trends in this intriguing field of research.magnified image
Quantitative mass spectrometry to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation dynamics
Authors: Schuchardt Sven , Borlak Jürgen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIdentifying proteins of signaling networks has received much attention, because an array of biological processes are entirely dependent on protein cross‐talk and protein–protein interactions. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTM) add an additional layer of complexity, resulting in complex signaling networks. Of particular interest to our working group are the signaling networks of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Ligand binding to the N‐terminal residue of the extracellular domain of EGF receptor induces conformational changes, dimerization, and (auto)‐phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues. In addition, activated EGF receptor may positively affect survival pathways, and thus determines the pathways for tumor growth and progression. Notably, in many human malignancies exaggerated EGF receptor activities are commonly observed. An understanding of the mechanism that results in aberrant phosphorylation of EGF receptor tyrosine residues and derived signaling cascades is crucial for an understanding of molecular mechanisms in cancer development. Here, we summarize recent labeling methods and discuss the difficulties in quantitative MS‐based phosphorylation assays to probe for receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity. We also review recent advances in sample preparation to investigate membrane‐bound RTKs, MS‐based detection of phosphopeptides, and the diligent use of different quantitative methods for protein labeling. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 27:51–65, 2008
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Films
Authors: Nakano Yumiko , Bin Yuezhen , Bando Mami , Nakashima Teruo , Okuno Tsumuko , Kurosu Hiromichi , Matsuo Masaru 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSummary: The origins of the thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with inter‐ and intra‐hydrogen bonds were investigated systematically by using X‐ray, DSC, positron annihilation and viscoelastic measurements. Based on their individual properties, the characteristics of the blend films were estimated in relation to their morphology and mechanical properties as a function of chitosan content. The characteristics of the blend films were also analyzed in terms of the deviation from a simple additive rule of chitosan and PVA content. These results suggested that the miscibility of chitosan and PVA could be ensured by entanglement of the amorphous chain segments of chitosan and PVA. Further detailed analysis revealed that the chitosan content on the film surface is higher than that of the admixture content of chitosan after elongation, although the chitosan and PVA chains were crystallized independently. The elongation could be achieved for the blend films whose PVA content was higher than 50% and the drawn blend films were transparent. Thus, it may be expected that sufficiently entangled meshes formed between chitosan and PVA amorphous chains within the film, the PVA content being higher than 50%, were maintained under the elongation process.
Effect of EPDM on Morphology, Mechanical Properties, Crystallization Behavior and Viscoelastic Properties of iPP+HDPE Blends
Authors: Vranjes Nina , Rek Vesna 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSummary: Blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) with and without ethylene‐propylene‐diene (EPDM) terpolymer as compatibilizer were systematically investigated to determine the influence of the EPDM on blends properties. The morphology was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of investigated systems: tensile strength at break, elongation at break, yield stress and Izod impact strength were determined. Crystallization behavior was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was used to determined the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and loss tangent (tan δ). The PP+HDPE blend revealed poor adhesion between PP and HDPE phases. Finer morphology was obtained by EPDM addition in PP+HDPE blends and better interfacial adhesion. Addition of HDPE to PP decreased tensile strength at break, elongation and yield stress. Decrease of tensile strength and yield stress is faster with EPDM addition in PP+HDPE blends. Elongation at break and impact strength was significantly increased with EPDM addition. The addition of EPDM in PP+HDPE blends did not significantly change melting points of PP phase, while melting points of HDPE phase was slightly decreased in PP+HDPE+EPDM blends. The EPDM addition increased the percentage of crystallization (Xc) of PP in PP+HDPE blends. The increase of Xc of HDPE was found in the blend with HDPE as matrix. Dynamical mechanical analysis showed glass transitions of PP and HDPE phase, as well as the relaxation transitions of their crystalline phase. By addition of EPDM glass transitions (Tg) of HDPE and PP phases in PP+HDPE blends decreased. Storage modulus (E′) vs. temperatures (T) curves are in the region between E′/T curves of neat PP and HDPE. The decrease of E′ values at 25 °C with EPDM addition in PP+HDPE blends is more pronounced.
Band Broadening Function in Size Exclusion Chromatography of Polymers: Review of Some Recent Developments
Authors: Meira Gregorio , Netopilík Miloš , Potschka Martin , Schnöll‐Bitai Irene , Vega Jorge 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSummary: This article reviews some recent developments on the determination of the Band Broadening Function (BBF) in Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of polymers. It was carried out in the frame of the IUPAC Project: “Data Treatment in Size Exclusion Chromatography of Polymers”. The correction for band broadening (BB) is important for quantitative determinations of the molar mass distribution (MMD) of narrow‐distributed (or highly multimodal) polymers, and of derived variables such as kinetic parameters. In the narrow range of a molar mass standard, the BBF is uniform and of positive skewness. In a broad chromatographic range, the BBF is non‐uniform and skewed; and it can be adequately represented by an exponentially‐modified Gaussian function (EMG) of 2 parameters that vary slightly with elution volume: an increasing Gaussian variance and a decreasing exponential decay. Additionally, the total BBF variance remains almost constant if not close to the total exclusion limit. The following methods for determining BBF parameters are reviewed: a) a direct method based on assuming Poisson‐distributed MMDs; b) a direct method based on measuring the mass‐ and molar mass chromatograms of narrow standards; c) a theoretical method based on a stochastic model that is equivalent to the Giddings‐Eyring model; and d) a theoretical method based on a deterministic model obtained through an extension of the classical van Deemter expression. Ideally, the correction for BB requires a robust numerical inversion algorithm. However, alternative simplified solutions are also possible.
The hp‐version of the BEM with quasi‐uniform meshes for a three‐dimensional crack problem: The case of a smooth crack having smooth boundary curve
Authors: Bespalov Alexei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe article considers a three‐dimensional crack problem in linear elasticity with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The crack in this model problem is assumed to be a smooth open surface with smooth boundary curve. The hp‐version of the boundary element method with weakly singular operator is applied to approximate the unknown jump of the traction which is not L2‐regular due to strong edge singularities. Assuming quasi‐uniform meshes and uniform distributions of polynomial degrees, we prove an a priori error estimate in the energy norm. The estimate gives an upper bound for the error in terms of the mesh size h and the polynomial degree p. It is optimal in h for any given data and quasi‐optimal in p for sufficiently smooth data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
A photochemical method for immobilization of azidated dextran onto aminated poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces
Authors: Bhat Venugopal T , James Nirmala R , Jayakrishnan Athipettah 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Dextran, a bacterial polysaccharide, has been reported to be as good as poly(ethylene glycol) in its protein‐rejecting and cell‐repelling abilities. In addition, the multivalent nature of dextran is advantageous for surface grafting of biologically active molecules. We report here a method to photochemically bind dextran hydrogel films to aminated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces in aqueous media using a heterobifunctional crosslinker, 4‐azidobenzoic acid. In order to achieve this, dextran was first functionalized with the crosslinker using carbodiimide chemistry followed by photo‐crosslinking and immobilization onto the nucleophile‐rich aminated PET surfaces.RESULTS: The presence of the immobilized dextran on PET was verified by attenuated total‐reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The grafted surface was highly hydrophilic due to the heavily hydrated polysaccharide network on the surface as demonstrated by the near zero water contact angle.CONCLUSION: A photochemical method for surface immobilization of dextran onto aminated PET using aryl azide chemistry is a facile technique to generate highly hydrophilic and more hemocompatible surfaces. The aryl nitrenes generated by photolysis produce a metastable, electron‐deficient intermediate, azacycloheptatetraene, which is believed to be responsible for the simultaneous crosslinking of dextran and its immobilization onto the aminated PET surface. The aryl azide chemistry reported here for dextran could be useful as a versatile technique for surface modification of other nucleophile‐rich polymers to create dextran‐ or similar polysaccharide‐immobilized surfaces. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel amphiphilic triblocks fitted with photocrosslinkable termini, and their photocrosslinking to conetworks
Authors: Chen Yaohong , Kennedy J. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo new telechelic amphiphilic triblock copolymers, HE3‐PEG‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PEG‐HE3 and HE3‐PEG‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PEG‐HE3, i.e., sequence‐reversed triblocks of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments fitted with photocrosslinkable tri[2‐(3,4‐cyclohexane oxide)ethyl‐dimethylsiloxy]silane (HE3) termini, were synthesized, characterized, photocrosslinked to amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs), and the properties of the APCNs were analyzed. APCNs in which the crosslinking sites are located in the hydrophobic domains exhibited significantly better mechanical properties than those in which the crosslinks were in the hydrophilic domains. The stiff domains formed of the UV‐crosslinkable HE3 chain‐end substituents provide not only crosslinking but reinforcement as well. The crosslinking/reinforcement efficiency was greatly enhanced by the addition of excess HE3. Water‐swollen APCNs were optically clear and exhibited mechanical properties appropriate for biomedical application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 174–185, 2008