bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake of trace elements by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)
Authors: Sridhar M. K. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPistia stratiotes L. obtained from a eutrophic lake in Ibadan, Nigeria was examined for its mineral and trace element composition. The study indicated that the shoot system accumulated more potassium, calcium and magnesium, whereas the root system accumulated significantly more cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, sodium and zinc. The possible utilization of this aquatic plant for the treatment of polluted waters and industrial effluents is discussed.
Present condition and perspectives of using hydrobotanic treatment for sewage waters
Authors: Timofeeva S. S. , Stom D. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractModern conditions and application perspectives of the hydrobotanic treatment of sewage waters are discussed. Successes achieved during the last years in studies of utilization regularities of hydrophyte pollutions are reviewed. Results are given of investigating detoxication mechanisms and rendering harmless alphiphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, their oxy‐ and aminoderivatives of cyanides, rhodanides and metals by Chara algae, Elodea, other submerged macrophytes.
Effect of the solids retention time on the rate of biodegradation of organic compounds
Authors: Čech J. S. , Chudoba J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paper studies the effect of the solids retention time (SRT) on the rate of biodegradation of morpholine (M), sulfanilic acid (SA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in laboratory mixed culture systems, fed semicontinuously on a once‐a‐day feeding schedule. It has been found that the minimum values of SRT at which microorganisms degrading the above compounds were washed out from the cultivation systems were 3, 1, 1, and 20 days for M, SA, NTA, and EDTA systems, respectively. A critical value of SRT was defined as that below which the rate of substrate removal is lower than the rate of substrate application into the system. The critical values of SRT were found to be 8, 3, 2.5, and above 20 days for M, SA, NTA, and EDTA systems, respectively. In a range between the minimum and critical values of SRT the mixed culture system cannot give stable efficiency of a given compound removal and the effluent concentration can be expected to vary considerably. Above the critical value of SRT, every cultivation system has a potential capability of shock loading treatment.
HPLC in der Wasseranalytik
Authors: Wiemer B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSelected journals are scrutinized for the period from 1980 to 1986 with respect to the application of HPLC to the detection of organic substances in water and the state of knowledge deducible from that is represented. Various chromatographic methods are compared with respect to their sensitivity and suitability for certain groups of substances. The structure of modern separation columns and of different detector systems as well as possible modes of operation are described. A large number of specific examples of application are given in tabular form.
BASIC‐Programm DIVA zur divisiven Clusterung nach dem Varianzkriterium
Authors: Henrion R. , Henrion A. , Henrion G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA BASIC Program for divisive clustering is proposed. The algorithm of Macnaughton‐Smith is used to improve the variance criterion. No distance matrix is needed and in this way large numbers of objects can be handled. An application of the program to the classification of 20 european brandies is demonstrated. The listing of the program is given in the appendix.
Seasonality, biomass and primary productivity of Epipelic Algae in a shallow lake (Neusiedlersee, Austria)
Authors: Khondker M. , Dokulil M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe seasonal fluctuation, biomass and productivity of epipelic algae in the shallow Neusiedlersee (Austria) were studied from 1981 to 1983. The seasonality of epipelic algae, dominated by diatoms (70 % of the total population), showed a pattern of variable winter growth coupled with a moderate spring and summer maximum. The number of mud dwelling species remained the same as shown in previous studies (LOUB; HUSTEDT1959a, b), but only two of them, namelySurirella peisonis PantocsekandCampylodiscus clypeusEhr., were not abundant. The Diversity Index (H′) varied between 1.0 and 2.86. Specific Biovolumen (x= 47 · 1012μm3m2) and potential of production (x= 22.75 mg/m2· h C) showed a positive correlation with the cell number (x= 0.165 · 1010/m2). The average chlorophyll‐a content of 20.51 mg/m2is comparable to that of the Wadden Sea (COLIJNand DIJKEMA), Schöhsee (HO) and Lake Chilwa (Moss 1979). The average activity coefficient (P/B, mg C per mg chlorophyll‐a and hour) varied between 0.10… 1.93 and the maximum value is only 29 % of that of the phytoplankton. No significant correlation between the algal populations and the ionic concentration of the overlying water could be found because the populations are limited by light intensity.
The acute toxicity of silver to some freshwater fishes
Authors: Khangarot B. S. , Ray P. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the batch experiment with daily exchange of medium the acute toxicity of Ag from AgNO3 to Channa punctatus, Lebistes reticulatus and Puntius sophore is determined over 12 to 96 h exposure. In general, the sensitivity of species increases in the order mentioned. The LC50, 96h are 18.89 μg/l Ag for Channa punctatus, 7.55 μg/l Ag for Puntius sophore and 6.44 μg/l for Lebistes reticulatus. For 12 and 48 h exposure the values in the same order of species are: 62 and 30, 44 and 14 as well as 57 and 16 μg/l Ag.
Effect of lethal concentrations of copper on Mystus bleekeri (day)
Authors: Khangarot B. S. , Ray P. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the batch test with daily exchange of medium the effect of copper ions at 2.4 mmol/l (Ca2+ + Mg2+) over 10 d of exposure is investigated. The LT50 values and 95% confidence limits at 3.7, 2.1 and 1.0 ppm of Cu were 26.7 (23.6… 29.9), 47.5 (39.6… 57.0) and 101.5 (78.5… 130.7) h, respectively. The LC50 values of copper in ppm were 4.05 (24 h), 1.69 (48 h), 0.829 (9.96 and 0.776 (240 h).
Tolerance measurement and histopathological observations on the gills of Mystus M. vittatus under the toxic stress of the fertilizer NPK
Authors: Pande R. K. , Pande S. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe tolerance level of the fertilizer NPK for the freshwater siluroid Mystus M. vittatus (BL.) and histopathological changes in the gill of this fish against two concentrations of NPK were investigated. It was found that at 400 ppm (24 h) mortality in the fish started, and at 700 ppm (96 h) all the fish died. Hence the concentration of NPK at 400 ppm was taken as an experimental concentration for this fish.Curling towards the upperside in the secondary lamellae resulting in the joining with each other and profuse mucus secretion and subsequent death of 40% of the fish (96 h) were observed.At 700 ppm (96 h) NPK, which is far higher than the highest tolerance limit of the fish, all the fish died. Profuse mucus secretion, formation of subepithelial spaces, sloughing of epithelial layer, leaving only the rows of pilaster cells, resulting in the death of the fish, were observed.The mortality of the fish was due to asphyxiation and damage in the gill tissues resulting in the alteration in the respiratory and osmoregulatory metabolism.
Prognose von Acidität, Eisen‐ und Sulfatkonzentration im Grundwasser von Bergbaugebieten
Authors: Schwan M. , Fischer R. , Dybek K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hydrochemical fundamentals of the origination of high concentrations of iron and sulphate at an acid reaction of ground waters of exhausted open‐cast coal mines are explained, and a technique based on representative sampling and oxidative treatment of aqueous suspensions with atmospheric oxygen for predicting the average load over years and decades on the basis of the analytical values has been developed and tested in the Central German area. Experimentally obtained relationships (weatherable pyrite/reaction rate, pH‐variation/buffering capacity of soil, total iron content/pH‐value) are stated.
Oxygen Demand of the Sediments Behind the Dam at Altenwörth, River Danube, Austria
Authors: Colley R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe oxygen demand of the fine sediments behind the hydroelectric dam at Altenwörth, on the Austrian Danube, was investigated using a simple Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) method. The demand was fractionated into biological and chemical uptake and the variation with depth was studied. Chemical uptake was fast, being 90% complete within 15 minutes. Biological uptake was slower and fairly constant for some hours. The kinetics was examined and the chemical uptake found to correspond quite well with a first order rate equation.
Water pollutant classification on the basis of biological object response
Authors: Genjatulin K. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor a speedy solution to the problem of water resources preservation it is necessary at present to enhance the level of research aimed at establishing a system of classification of water pollutants. Control of the state of the environment must be based on wide use of achievements by different branches of scientific research. Watching the change of the biological component of the biosphere (biomonitoring) is to ascertain the response by susceptible biotic forms to environmental pollutant influence. Microorganisms are among the organismus which are most susceptible to environment influence. Test culture responses to influences from different pollutants were evaluated by building mathematical models. The principles worked out in drawing up response models could be used to develop classification systems.
Toxicity of Diluted Dyeing and Printing Industry Effluent to a Penaeid Prawn, Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller)
Authors: Kundu Rahul , Prasad V. V. S. , Mansuri A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments were carried out on the toxicity of diluted dyeing and printing industry effluent to a penaeid prawn, Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller). Effluent tolerance experiments showed that both juvenile and adult prawns were unable to withstand the increasing concentration of the effluent. Juveniles were more susceptible to effluent than adults. As a consequence of higher consumption of energy due to the disturbed metabolism a decrease in the metabolite content was observed, whereas the content of ions showed an irregular trend with all the concentrations. The behavioural study showed that before death both juvenile and adult prawns became inactive, followed by paralysis. The physico‐chemical nature of the effluent showed high amounts of solids, BOD, COD, sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, ammonium nitrogen, sulphate and absence of DO, probably causing an osmotic imbalance in the prawn body which leads to early mortality. Even a 1% concentration of such an effluent of a physico‐chemical nature was reported to be toxic to the prawns.
Nährstoffbelastung und Trophie von Talsperren der DDR Teil 1: Einzugsgebietsstruktur und Nährstoffsituation
Authors: Ackermann G. , Loth P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStatistically secured relations between nutrient concentrations in the water and characteristics of the catchment areas can be proved for the storage reservoirs of the GDR. The o–PO4 concentration during the full overturn in spring shows a close relation to the population density of the catchment area. Existing differences of concentration between drinking‐water and industrial‐water storage reservoirs can be attributed to different degrees of worthiness of protection of the catchment areas and to differences of the water morphology. The NO3 concentration is closely correlated with the proportion of agriculturally used area in the catchment area. The mass ratio NO3–N: o–PO4–P mostly lies above the limiting range of the limitation of nitrogen (> 12: 1), so that phosphorus becomes the central quantity of a possible control of the trophic level. Especially for drinking‐water storage reservoirs in the weakly eutrophic range the reduction of the P‐load is necessary and it has a high trophy‐improving effect here.
Anwendung einer Ammoniak‐gassensitiven Elektrode zur Ammonium‐Stickstoffbestimmung in organischen Düngern
Authors: Kluge G. , Melzer I. , Süssenbach D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA gas‐sensitive electrode for the determination of ammonia was tested on the basis of potentiometry by means of parts of measuring devices from the CMEA region. Samples of water, cattle slurry, pig slurry and silo seepage water in the range of concentrations of 10−5 … 10−1 mol/1 NH4‐N can be measured. Before measurement the samples have to get pH 11 and have to be diluted, if necessary. A maximum period of time of about eight minutes is required for attaining the potential constancy. The relative standard deviation varies between 0.1 and 4.79%; the rate of retrieval was 99.1% on an average. The results of the potentiometric measurements were equivalent to those of the acidimetric measuring method. The practical advantages consist in a low expenditure of material, energy and time.
Ionenaustausch mit zeolithischen Molekularsieben unter dem besonderen Aspekt der Wasserenthärtung – Eine Einführung
Authors: Knoll H. , Höse W. , Fuertig H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter a short introduction into the field of the zeolites the use of the molecular sieve 4 A as builder in the washing process is treated. Structure and ion‐exchange capacity are characterized, the mechanism of the elimination of calcium‐ions is described and the environmental behaviour is examined. Finally, other potential applications of zeolitic ion exchangers are presented.
Überleben von Campylobacter jejuni im Wasser
Authors: Pokorný J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Campylobacter jejuni survival pattern was investigated in model experiments using drinking water and surface waters differing in organic contamination. Further conditions studied were two different temperature levels (4 °C and 20 °C, resp.) as well as several starting densities of the testing strain. In drinking water, i.e. relatively uncontaminated water, the starting density showed a direct influence on the interval of surviving. The same was noted for temperature, where higher levels (20 °C) resulted in a relative quick inactivation of the investigated agent. Mentioned influences played a similar role in the surface water medium, together with the level of organic contamination: An increase of the value of COD to about 15.4 mg/l O2 halved the interval of surviving. No relation to the dissolved oxygen tension was found.
Studies on the Lipid Contents in the Gonads during the Annual Reproductive Cycle of Mystus vittatus under the Stress of Agro‐Chemical NPK‐Fertilizer
Authors: Pande R. K. , Narain A. S. , Pande S. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecimens of either sex of the freshwater catfish Mystus vittatus were exposed to an acute toxic dose of an agro‐chemical NPK, i.e. 550 ppm during the spawning phase of their annual reproductive cycle. The effects on total lipid and its various fractions, viz. phospholipids and cholesterol, were studied in the testes and ovary. The total lipid content of the gonads of unstressed fish showed lowest values during the spawning phase when compared to other phases, the content remained higher in the ovary than in the testes. In fish subjected to NPK‐stress during the spawning period, the fall in total lipid content of the gonads was found to be much greater than that in the controls. The phospholipids content of the gonads of unstressed fish showed highest values during the spawning phase when compared to other phases; the content remained higher in the ovary than in the testes. In fish subjected to NPK‐stress during the spawning phase the rise in the gonads was found to be higher than that in the control. The cholesterol content of the gonads of unstressed fish showed highest values during the spawning phase when compared to other phases; the content remained higher in the ovary than in the testes. In fish subjected to NPK‐stress during the spawning period the rise in the cholesterol content of the gonads was not found to be as high as that in the controls. Agro‐chemical NPK seemed to effect the total lipid and cholesterol content adversely during the spawning phase, affecting the vitellogenic process without affecting the biosynthesis of phospholipids as such, which on the contrary increases. The decrease of lipid and cholesterol mobilization from liver to gonads seemed to be restricted as a result of NPK action.
Gewinnung repräsentativer Wassermischproben mit einem einfachen kontinuierlichen Sammelgerät
Authors: Bauer G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sampling device consists of a weighted wide‐necked bottle with a siphon pipe inserted in its top through which water enters the bottle while air escapes out of the bottle through a pipe with a valve that is inserted in the top, too. Due to the variable setting of the valve the period of time for the filling of the bottle can be controlled between few minutes and up to 24 h.
Pestizidbestimmung im Wasser – gegenwärtige Möglichkeiten und künftige Entwicklungen
Authors: Quentin K.‐E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: In the drinking‐water regulation of the Federal Republic of Germany limit values in the range of 0.1 μg/l are established for pesticides. Identification and quantitative determination of pesticides in this concentration range require a very high expenditure concerning analysis, devices and equipment, analytical methods having been available so far only on a limited scale. The sum limit value of 0.5 μg/l pesticides may create special difficulties. In general, in view of the approx. 300 possible substances first of all a screening has to be proposed concerning the exceeding of limit values based on knowledge from the catchment area and its potential loading as the first step of investigation. Suitable methods of determination are partly available in gas chromatography and high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Promising in the future development are the biochemical methods of enzyme inhibition (cholinesterase) and of immunoassay with radioactive and enzyme labelling. Nevertheless, for the foreseeable future standard methods will be available only for approx. Two thirds of the total of 300 substances, so that discussing the effectiveness of the limit values should be carried on.
Ein Beitrag zur Bestimmung von Anilin/Phenol in Wasser/Abwasser mittels UV‐Derivativspektroskopie. Teil 2. Das reale Verfahren und Untersuchungen zum Störeinfluß von Fremdstoffen
Authors: Wollin K.‐M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: The application of the UV derivative spectroscopy method to determine aniline and phenol in spiked waste water samples was investigated. Two statistical procedures (modified t‐tests) were used to evaluate constant and percentage systematic errors of the method presented. On our conditions, i.e. type of samples, the aniline determination by the 2nd and 4th derivatives was predominantly disturbed but in contrary the phenol concentrations of all samples determined by the 4th and 5th derivatives show no significant bias. The influence of substituted phenols was examined by factor experiments (Plackett‐Burman‐plan). Generally the higher derivative order brings the better resolving power and in part then the interference is eliminated (p‐cresol, hydroquinone).
Die Zählung von Protozoen und kleinen Metazoen im Belebtschlamm
Authors: Augustin H. , Foissner W. , Bauer R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: A method for the estimation of the abundance of protozoa and small metazoa in activated sludge is described. 5 × 10 μl of activated sludge are counted in vivo microscopically using a Thoma‐Counting‐Chamber and a magnification of 100: 1. The efficiency of this counting method was tested by “recovery” experiments. 46–100% of the ciliates (mean 85 %, n = 165 countings) were recovered. A positive correlation between body size and percentage of recovery could be found. Preliminary experiments showed that the method is suitable for nematodes (recovery 95 %, n = 10), rotators (recovery 84 %, n = 10) and testate amoebae (recovery 78 %, n = 10), too. The described method is independent of the sludge‐structure, is easy to handle and is an acceptable compromise between time spent and necessary degree of accuracy.
Phytoplankton Distribution in an Oligotrophic Pond and a Eutrophic Pond
Authors: Saha L. C. , Wujek D. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: An oligotrophic pond and a eutrophic pond of Bhagalpur, India, were studied for phytoplankton distribution and to establish the relationship between this distribution and the physico‐chemical properties of the water. Altogether, 114 algal taxa were identified. In Rekabganj pond, diatoms constituted 54.4 % of the algal species followed by green algae (29.4 %), blue greens (11.7 %) and euglenoids (2.9 %). In Ramna pond, blue greens were the most dominant comprising 35.7 % of algal species followed by green algae (32.8 %), diatoms (18.5 %) and euglenoids (8.5 %). The members of Dinophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Xanthophyceae were poorly represented in both the water‐bodies. Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Cladophora crispata, Volvox aureus and Euglena spp. were recorded only in Ramna pond, indicating its higher nutrient status. Dinobryon calciformis, many pennate diatoms and desmids, indicators of oligotrophy, were observed in Rekabganj pond only.Measurements of water properties in the two ponds showed that transparency, dissolved oxygen and silicate were higher in Rekabganj pond than in Ramna pond, while total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved organic matter, different cations, phosphate, nitrate and chloride were lower in Rekabganj pond than in Ramna pond.
Seasonal Abundance of Ganga Prawn Macrobrachium birmanicum choprai (Tiwari) in the Stretch between Buxar and Ballia in Relation to Water Quality
Authors: Singh S. R. , Srivastava V. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: The paper deals with the abundance of juveniles and adults of the Ganga river prawn in relation to seasonal variations in certain hydrological features in the stretch between Buxar and Ballia in view of its organic and industrial pollution. Temperature was found to be the most critical environmental variable affecting availability and reproduction of this prawn species while others were observed to fluctuate within an acceptable range.
Ergebnisse der Zustandsanalyse einiger Seen des Naturschutzgebietes Serrahn, Kreis Neustrelitz
Authors: Spiess H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe limnological state analysis includes investigations of the physical‐chemical state and of the macroflora as well as of the plankton of the lakes Grosser Serrahn, Haussee, Schweingartensee and Zwirnsee in the years of 1983 to 1987. Grosser Serrahn and Haussee are eutrophic lakes with a considerably differentiated development and a consistent dystrophic character due to bogs in the surrounding area. During the last years, lake Schweingartensee has shown a pronounced increase in trophy with development of cyanophyceae all the year round. Zwirnsee as well as Hinnensee and Fürstenseer See are mesotrophic lakes with considerable quantities of characeae. In the three mesotrophic lakes, Coregonus albula still reproduces its population sufficiently. The results allow us to draw conclusions with respect to the guidelines for the treatment of the Serrahn nature reserve, especially for the preservation of the quality of waters.