bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of artificial neural network models for hydrologic predictions at multiple gauging stations in an agricultural watershed
Authors: Mutlu E. , Chaubey I. , Hexmoor H. , Bajwa S. G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper reports on an evaluation of the use of artificial neural network (ANN) models to forecast daily flows at multiple gauging stations in Eucha Watershed, an agricultural watershed located in north‐west Arkansas and north‐east Oklahoma. Two different neural network models, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the radial basis neural network (RBFNN), were developed and their abilities to predict stream flow at four gauging stations were compared. Different scenarios using various combinations of data sets such as rainfall and stream flow at various lags were developed and compared for their ability to make flow predictions at four gauging stations. The input vector selection for both models involved quantification of the statistical properties such as cross‐, auto‐ and partial autocorrelation of the data series that best represented the hydrologic response of the watershed. Measured data with 739 patterns of input–output vector were divided into two sets: 492 patterns for training, and the remaining 247 patterns for testing. The best performance based on the RMSE, R2 and CE was achieved by the MLP model with current and antecedent precipitation and antecedent flow as model inputs. The MLP model testing resulted in R2 values of 0·86, 0·86, 0·81, and 0·79 at the four gauging stations. Similarly, the testing R2 values for the RBFNN model were 0·60, 0·57, 0·58, and 0·56 for the four gauging stations. Both models performed satisfactorily for flow predictions at multiple gauging stations, however, the MLP model outperformed the RBFNN model. The training time was in the range 1–2 min for MLP, and 5–10 s for RBFNN on a Pentium IV processor running at 2·8 GHz with 1 MB of RAM. The difference in model training time occurred because of the clustering methods used in the RBFNN model. The RBFNN uses a fuzzy min‐max network to perform the clustering to construct the neural network which takes considerably less time than the MLP model. Results show that ANN models are useful tools for forecasting the hydrologic response at multiple points of interest in agricultural watersheds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effect of Juzen‐taiho‐to on hepatocarcinogenesis is mediated through the inhibition of Kupffer cell‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Tsuchiya Masato , Kono Hiroshi , Matsuda Masanori , Fujii Hideki , Rusyn Ivan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTraditional herbal formulations, such as Juzen‐taiho‐to (TJ‐48), are used extensively in medical practice in Asia even though their mechanism of action remains elusive. This study tested a hypothesis that TJ‐48 is protective against hepatocarcinogenesis by impeding Kupffer cell‐induced oxidative stress. Forty‐eight patients were randomly assigned to receive TJ‐48 (n = 10), or no supplementation (n = 38) for up to 6 years after surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, to investigate the mechanism of protective action of TJ‐48, diethylnitrosamine‐containing water was administered for 22 weeks to male mice that were fed regular chow or TJ‐48‐containing diet. Liver tumor incidence, cell proliferation, number of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine‐ or F4/80‐positive cells, and cytokine expression were evaluated. Although most of the patients experienced recurrence of HCC, a significantly longer intrahepatic recurrence‐free survival was observed in the TJ‐48 group. In mice, TJ‐48 inhibited the development of liver tumors, reduced oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression. Administration of TJ‐48 improves intrahepatic recurrence‐free survival after surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. On the basis of animal experiments, we reason that the protective mechanism of TJ‐48 involves inhibition of Kupffer cells. This leads to lower levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and oxidants in liver which may slow down the process of hepatocarcinogenesis and improves hepatic recurrence‐free survival in patients with HCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
15‐Lipoxygenase‐1 activates tumor suppressor p53 independent of enzymatic activity
Authors: Zhu Hong , Glasgow Wayne , George Margaret D. , Chrysovergis Kali , Olden Kenneth , Roberts John D. , Eling Thomas 
Published: September 2008

Abstract15‐LOX‐1 and its metabolites are involved in colorectal cancer. Recently, we reported that 15‐LOX‐1 overexpression in HCT‐116 human colorectal cancer cells inhibited cell growth by induction of p53 phosphorylation (4). To determine whether the 15‐LOX‐1 protein or its metabolites are responsible for phosphorylation of p53 in HCT‐116 cells, we used HCT‐116 cells that expressed a mutant 15‐LOX‐1. The mutant 15‐LOX‐1 enzyme, with a substitution of Leu at residue His361, was devoid of enzymatic activity. HCT‐116 cells transiently transfected with either native or mutant 15‐LOX‐1 showed an increase in p53 phosphorylation and an increase in the expression of downstream genes. Thus, 15‐LOX‐1 induces p53 phosphorylation independent of enzymatic activity. Treatment of A549 human lung carcinoma cells with IL‐4 increased the expression of 15‐LOX‐1 and also increased the expression of downstream targets of p53. This confirmed that the activation of p53 was also observed in wild‐type cells expressing physiological 15‐LOX‐1. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that 15‐LOX‐1 interacts with, and binds to, DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK). The binding of 15‐LOX‐1 to DNA‐PK caused an approximate 3.0‐fold enhancement in kinase activity, resulting in increased p53 phosphorylation at Ser15. Knockdown of DNA‐PK by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced p53 phosphorylation. Furthermore, confocal microscopy demonstrated a colocalization of 15‐LOX and DNA‐PK in the cells. We propose that the 15‐LOX‐1 protein binds to DNA‐PK, increasing its kinase activity and results in downstream activation of the tumor suppressor p53, thus revealing a new mechanism by which lipoxygenases (LOX) may influence the phenotype of tumor cells. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel breast cancer risk alleles and endometrial cancer risk
Authors: McGrath Monica , Lee I‐Min , Buring Julie , Hunter David J. , De Vivo Immaculata 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies have identified several novel risk alleles for breast cancer. We hypothesized that genetic variants that are associated with breast cancer, a hormone‐related disease, would also be associated with endometrial cancer, another hormone‐related disease. We conducted a case–control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study and the Women's Health Study to investigate the associations between these 7 newly identified risk alleles for breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk using 692 invasive endometrial cancer cases and 1,723 matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the risk of endometrial cancer. In contrast to the breast cancer findings, we did not observe an increased risk of endometrial cancer. We observed an inverse association among rs2981582 (FGFR2) variant carriers [OR= 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95)]. We also observed a nonsignificant inverse association with rs889312 (MAP3K1) variant carriers [OR = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.68–1.05)] and rs1219648 (FGFR2) variant carriers [OR= 0.86 (95% CI: 0.69–1.06) and endometrial cancer risk. We did not observe associations with the other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and endometrial cancer risk. Replication studies investigating these polymorphisms and endometrial cancer risk are warranted. However, our findings do suggest the potential importance of biological differences between endometrial and breast cancer with respect to the genes identified in the scans. The molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain to be defined. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urban and industrial water use in the Krishna Basin, India
Authors: Van Rooijen Daniel J. , Turral Hugh , Biggs Trent Wade 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRegional urbanization and industrial development require water that may put additional pressure on available water resources and threaten water quality in developing countries. In this study we use a combination of census statistics, case studies, and a simple model of demand growth to assess current and future urban and industrial water demand in the Krishna Basin in southern India. Water use in this “closed” basin is dominated by irrigation (61.9 billion cubic metres (BCM) yr−1) compared to a modest domestic and industrial water use (1.6 and 3.2 BCM yr−1). Total water diversion for non‐irrigation purposes is estimated at 7–8% of available surface water in the basin in an average year. Thermal power plants use the majority of water used by industries (86% or 2.7 BCM yr−1), though only 6.8% of this is consumed via evaporation. Simple modelling of urban and industrial growth suggests that non‐agricultural water demand will range from 10 to 20 BCM by 2030. This is 14–28% of basin water available surface water for an average year and 17–34% for a year with 75% dependable flow. Although water use in the Krishna Basin will continue to be dominated by agriculture, water stress, and the fraction of water supplies at risk of becoming polluted by urban and industrial activity, will become more severe in urbanized regions in dry years. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient free energy calculations on small molecule host‐guest systems—A combined linear interaction energy/one‐step perturbation approach
Authors: Oostenbrink Chris 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo efficient methods to calculate binding affinities of ligands with proteins have been critically evaluated by using sixteen small ligand host‐guest complexes. It is shown that both the one‐step (OS) perturbation method and the linear interaction energy (LIE) method have complementing strengths and weaknesses and can be optimally combined in a new manner. The OS method has a sound theoretical basis to address the free energy of cavity formation, whereas the LIE approach is more versatile and efficient to calculate the free energy of adding charges to such cavities. The off‐term, which is neglected in the original LIE equation, can be calculated without additional costs from the OS, offering a powerful synergy between the two methods. The LIE/OS approach presented here combines the best of two worlds and for the model systems studied here, is more accurate than and as efficient as the original methods. It has a sound theoretical background and no longer requires any empirical parameters. The method appears very well suited for application in lead‐optimization programmes in drug research, where the structure and dynamics of a series of molecules is of interest, together with an accurate calculation of the binding free energy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Can the hybrid meta GGA and DFT‐D methods describe the stacking interactions in conjugated polymers?
Authors: Dkhissi Ahmed , Ducéré Jean Marie , Blossey Ralf , Pouchan Claude 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNewly developed hybrid meta density functionals and density functionals augmented by a classical London dispersion term have been systematically applied for the description of stacking energy and intermolecular distance of thiophene dimer and substituted thiophene dimer. The performance of the various approaches is compared with the benchmark ab‐initio calculations done with CCSD(T) (Tsuzuki et al., JACS 2002, 124, 12200). Our results indicate that, contrary to the previous DFT methods which are not reliable, the new generation of DFT performs better the stacking interactions. These functionals, and especially those with an empirical correction, are suitable for general application in conducting polymers and, in particular, the modeling of solid state in which the overlap of Π‐Π interactions between the conjugated chains is important. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Ultrastructural study of the intracellular behavior of four mineral elements in the lactating mammary gland cells: Study using conventional transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Ahlem Ayadi , Samira Maghraoui , Ali El Hili , Pierre Galle , Leila Tekaya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effects of parenteral injection of aluminum, indium, gadolinium, or terbium in rats have been previously studied in several organs such as the liver, the kidneys, etc., but never in mammary glands. In this work, we have attempted to study the subcellular localization of these elements after their intraperitoneal administration. Their subsequent effects in the lactating mammary gland cells have also been studied. Our results using conventional transmission electron microscopy have shown that the lysosomes of the mammary glandular epithelial cells are the intracellular site of accumulation of the studied elements. Our results have also show intracellular deteriorations such as an expanded ergastoplasm and altered mitochondria after intraperitoneal injection of aluminum and indium. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel lambda FRET spectral confocal microscopy imaging method
Authors: Megías Diego , Marrero Raquel , del Peso Borja Martínez , García María Ángel , Bravo‐Cordero José‐Javier , García‐Grande Aranzazu , Santos Andrés , Montoya María C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe report a highly specific, sensitive, and robust method for analyzing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based on spectral laser scanning confocal microscopy imaging. The lambda FRET (λFRET) algorithm comprises imaging of a FRET sample at multiple emission wavelengths rendering a FRET spectrum, which is separated into its donor and acceptor components to obtain a pixel‐based calculation of FRET efficiency. The method uses a novel off‐line precalibration procedure for spectral bleed‐through correction based on the acquisition of reference reflection images, which simplifies the method and reduces variability. λFRET method was validated using structurally characterized FRET standards with variable linker lengths and stoichiometries designed for this purpose. λFRET performed better than other well‐established methods, such as acceptor photobleaching and sensitized emission‐based methods, in terms of specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity to distance variations. Moreover, λFRET analysis was unaffected by high fluorochrome spectral overlap and cellular autofluorescence. The λFRET method demonstrated outstanding performance in intra‐ and intermolecular FRET analysis in both fixed and live cell imaging studies. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PCA‐based method for 3D shape recovery of microscopic objects from image focus using discrete cosine transform
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Tariq , Choi Wook‐Jin , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article introduces a new algorithm for shape from focus (SFF) based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and principal component analysis (PCA). DCT is applied on a small 3D neighborhood for each pixel in the image volume. Instead of summing all focus values in a window, AC parts of DCT are collected and then PCA is applied to transform this data into eigenspace. The first feature, containing maximum variation is employed to compute the depth. DCT and PCA are computationally intensive; however, the reduced data elements and algorithm iterations have made the new approach competitive and efficient. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with other methods by conducting experiments using image sequences of a synthetic and two microscopic objects. The evaluation is gauged on the basis of unimodality, monotonicity, and resolution of the focus curve. Two other global statistical metrics, root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation have also been applied for synthetic image sequence. Besides, noise sensitivity and computational complexity are also compared with other algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the new method. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 expression responds to freezing, anoxia, and dehydration stresses in the freeze tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica
Authors: Wu Shaobo , Storey Janet M. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNatural freezing survival by wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) involves multiple organ‐specific changes in gene expression. Screening of a cDNA library made from brain of frozen frogs revealed freeze‐responsive up‐regulation of the glycolytic enzyme, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). Northern blots showed an approximately two‐fold increase in pgk1 transcripts in brain of frozen frogs whereas PGK1 protein levels rose by three‐ to five‐fold within 4–8 hr of freezing. Freezing also elevated pgk1 transcripts in liver but not in skin. Both transcript and protein levels also rose in response to two of the component stresses of freezing (anoxia and dehydration) with a particularly pronounced (11‐fold) increase in PGK1 protein in brain in response to anoxia. Amino acid sequence analysis showed 92.5% identity between wood frog and Xenopus laevis PGK1 and 86–88% identity with the zebrafish, chicken, and human protein. Four unique amino acid substitutions in the wood frog protein could be important in maintaining the functional conformation of the wood frog protein at low body temperatures. Elevated amounts of PGK1, one of the ATP‐generating reactions of glycolysis, in wood frog brain during freezing would enhance the glycolytic capacity of the organ and support the maintenance of cellular energetics under the ischemic conditions of the frozen state. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:57–67, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salinity stress results in rapid cell cycle changes of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) gill epithelial cells
Authors: Kammerer Brittany D. , Sardella Brian A. , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have developed a technique for immunocytochemistry of fish gill cells that we used to quantify tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) mitochondria‐rich cells (MRC) and other gill cells (non‐MRC) within different cell cycle phases by laser scanning cytometry. Gill cells fixed on coverslips were triple stained with propidium iodide to distinguish G1 vs. G2 phases, Ser10‐phosphorylated histone H3 antibody to label mitotic cells, and Na+/K+ ATPase antibody to label MRC. These parameters were measured at 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hr (1 week) following exposure of freshwater (FW) acclimated fish to 2/3 seawater (SW). MRC increased mitotic activity very rapidly peaking at 8 hr following SW exposure. This change in mitotic MRC is indicative of epithelial reorganization during SW acclimation. In contrast to MRC, the proportion of non‐MRC (likely pavement cells (PVC)) in mitosis did not change significantly in response to SW exposure. Moreover, twice as many MRC were in mitosis compared with non‐MRC, suggesting that MRC turn over faster than other cell types during SW acclimation. Following the mitosis peak, MRC accumulated in G2 phase over a period of 16–72 hr post‐SW exposure. We also observed G2 arrest with similar kinetics following SW exposure in tilapia non‐MRC (likely PVC). We interpret the G2 arrest that occurs after an initial wave of transient increase in MRC mitosis as a means for conserving energy for dealing with the osmotic stress imposed during the exposure of FW fish to SW. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:80–90, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography in nonaqueous elution mode for separation of hydrophilic analytes on silica‐based packings with noncharged polar bondings*
Authors: Bicker Wolfgang , Wu JunYan , Lämmerhofer Michael , Lindner Wolfgang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChromatographic effects of dedicated stationary and mobile phase variations in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were investigated using a set of nucleobases, nucleosides and deoxynucleosides as polar test solutes. Retention and selectivity profiles were comparatively mapped on four in‐house developed silica materials modified with short alkyl chains (C4, C5) which carry hydroxyl functionalities (including diol motifs) as well as embedded sulphide or sulphoxide groups. These data were complemented by results obtained with two commercially available diol‐type phases and a bare silica column. Besides elucidation of packing‐related aspects this work concentrated specifically on extending aqueous HILIC (AQ‐HILIC) to nonaqueous polar‐organic elution conditions herein termed NA‐HILIC. The exchange of the polar modifier water by various alcohols in ACN‐rich mobile phases containing 5 mM ammonium acetate decreased the eluotropic strength of the resulting eluents. The gain in retention largely followed the order ethanol (EtOH) > methanol (MeOH) > 1,2‐ethanediol (Et(OH)2) and was accompanied by distinct effects on chromatographic selectivity. For example, on the most polar home‐made packing the purine nucleoside selectivity guanosine/adenosine increased from 2.25 in the AQ‐HILIC (kguanosine = 8.3) to 7.33 (kguanosine = 59) in the NA‐HILIC mode when EtOH was employed as NA modifier while this value was 5.84 and 2.93 with MeOH and Et(OH)2, respectively (eluent: 5 mM ammonium acetate in ACN/modifier 90:10 v/v). Besides the type of protic modifier its percentage as well the retention and selectivity effects upon varying the ammonium acetate concentration and column temperature, respectively, were also investigated. Notable inter‐column differences were found for all of these elution parameters. A mixed‐mode retention model composed of partitioning and adsorption is proposed for both AQ‐ and NA‐HILIC retention processes. The potential of (i) the implementation of novel polar bondings (such as ones containing sulphoxide functionalities) and (ii) the comprehensive exploitation of elution variables (type of protic modifiers, salt, etc.) for providing new selectivity increments to the separation of polar analytes in HILIC is emphasised.
Determination of uranium, iron, copper, and nickel in rock and water samples by MEKC
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Aslam , Khuhawar Muhammad Yar , Arain Rafee 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic (MEKC) procedure has been developed for the separation and determination of dioxouranium (VI), iron(III), copper(II), and nickel(II) using bis(salicylaldehyde)propylenediimine (H2SA2Pn) as chelating reagent with a total run time of <3 min. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was used as micellar medium at pH 8.1 with sodium tetraborate buffer (0.1 M). Uncoated fused silica capillary with effective length 38.8 cm×75 μm id was used with an applied voltage of 30 kV and photo‐diode array detection at 228 nm. Linear calibrations were established within 0.045–1000 μg/mL of each element with detection limit within 15–122 ng/mL. The method was applied to the analysis of spring water and rock samples. The presence of uranium in rock and spring water samples was established within 1.58–1739.3 μg/g and 0.047–0.712 μg/mL with relative standard deviation within 0.9–2.1% and 1.3–2.6% respectively. Uranium ore and water samples were also assayed by the standard addition technique. Recovery of uranium was >98% with RSD up to 2.7%. Copper, nickel, and iron in their combined matrix were concurrently determined within RSD 0.6–3.6% (n = 5) and the results obtained were compared with those of flame AAS.