bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostic analysis and antimalarial evaluation of quercetin in Ilex umbellulata bark using HPTLC, in vitro screening, molecular docking, and network pharmacology
Authors: Zothantluanga James H. , Chetia Dipak , Umbon Yasangam , Lalhriatpuii T. C. , Roy Dhritiman , Lamare Nidahun , Lalvenhimi Salem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The bark of Ilex umbellulata is traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases such as malaria. Despite its traditional relevance, the pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological properties remained unexplored. In this study, we aim to develop the missing pharmacognostic parameters with modern analytical techniques and carry out multi-step computational studies to study the antimalarial potential of I. umbellulata.

Results
The bark was 2–6 mm thick, composed of different colored layers, and was bitter-sweet in taste. Powdered microscopy revealed the presence of starch granules, calcium oxalate crystals, cork cells, trichomes, and fibers. Physicochemical properties such as ash values (total, acid-insoluble, and water-soluble), extractive values (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, 80% MeOH), moisture content, swelling index, fluorescence, and pH of the bark were determined. FT-IR fingerprint profiling of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, and 80% MeOH extracts revealed characteristic bands at different wavelengths that are indicative of the presence of certain functional groups. HPTLC fingerprint profiling with a mobile phase of hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4.5:5.5:0.5 v/v) revealed 9 characteristic peaks. With a mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:0.2 v/v), the validated TLC densitometric studies revealed the presence of 2.07 mg of quercetin (R
f = 0.477 ± 0.005) in 100 mg of 80% MeOH bark extract of I. umbellulata. JazQSAR web tool previously developed by us predicts the IC50 of quercetin against Plasmodium falciparum as 3.88 ± 0.35 µM, which was not far from the practically observed value for quercetin. Multi-target molecular docking with a validated docking protocol revealed that quercetin could potentially interact with 20 proteins of P. falciparum that are highly expressed during the schizont and trophozoite stages. Network pharmacology studies revealed that quercetin could potentially alleviate malaria mainly by inhibiting pro-inflammatory response through the action of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 and by triggering the immune system.

Conclusions
The pharmacognostic parameters of I. umbellulata bark may be used as quality control parameters to aid in identification and authentication and to prevent adulteration. The results obtained from the multi-target molecular docking and network pharmacology studies support the use of I. umbellulata as a traditional herbal remedy against malaria.
Comparative analysis of generative LLMs for labeling entities in clinical notes
Authors: del Moral-González Rodrigo , Gómez-Adorno Helena , Ramos-Flores Orlando 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper evaluates and compares different fine-tuned variations of generative large language models (LLM) in the zero-shot named entity recognition (NER) task for the clinical domain. As part of the 8th Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon, we examined and models, including base versions and those that have been fine-tuned for code, chat, and instruction-following tasks. We assess both the number of correctly identified entities and the models’ ability to retrieve entities in structured formats. We used a publicly available set of clinical cases labeled with mentions of diseases, symptoms, and medical procedures for the evaluation. Results show that instruction fine-tuned models perform better than chat fine-tuned and base models in recognizing entities. It is also shown that models perform better when simple output structures are requested.
The future of diagnosis in mental health: Promises and challenges of biomarkers to identify reliable and highly predictive biosignatures of affective disorders
Authors: Berry Alessandra , Luciano Mario , Cirulli Francesca , Fiorillo Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Current evidence points to a research-practice gap in mental health. There is a specific unmet need to identify novel strategies to improve diagnostic criteria, especially when clinical manifestations overlap as in the case of bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Based on the rapidly evolving notion that affective disorders are characterized by disrupted brain-body communication, current efforts of neuropsychiatric research are converging towards the identification of specific clusters of peripheral interconnected biomarkers. We argue that these can capture the complexity of the disease as they are linked to the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BD or MDD, and can thus deliver an unbiased biosignature. Here we provide a critical viewpoint on the promises and challenges of biomarkers to identify reliable biosignatures of affective disorders. Novel methodological insight and relevant biomarkers are discussed with a main focus on immunometabolic derangements and disrupted redox balance. Major advancements are reviewed taking into consideration that an unbiased diagnosis can only derive from a deep understanding of how biological, psychological, and social factors interact ultimately affecting the clinical manifestation of affective disorders.
A Simple Modification of the Endoscopic Ultrasonic Aspirator to Allow Increased Versatility and Use Down Multiple Endoscopes in the Largest Reported Case Series
Authors: Zebian Bassel , Greuter Ladina , Vasilica Anca-Mihaela , Vitulli Francesca , Wang Difei , Abdelfattah Islam , Seetahal-Maraj Panduranga , Dacdac Marivic , Rowland David , Bleil Cristina 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Despite growing interest in neuroendoscopy, endoscopic resection of intraventricular and paraventricular brain tumors is still hindered by a lack of appropriate instrumentation. The Söring ultrasonic aspirator holds significant promise but is limited because of its original design allowing sole use with the GAAB® endoscope.

METHODS:
A simple modification of the ultrasonic aspirator which allows use down multiple endoscopes is described along with surgical outcomes in the context of the largest reported case series of 58 procedures in 52 patients, thus further expanding its applications and versatility.

RESULTS:
Our modification enabled the use of the Söring ultrasonic aspirator with the MINOP® InVent neuroendoscope, facilitating tumor resection in 58 procedures of 52 patients between July 2015 and June 2022. Near-total to gross-total resection was achieved in 30.8% of cases, with no permanent neurological deficits observed. The modified aspirator proved effective and safe, with no adverse events related to its use.

CONCLUSION:
The Söring ultrasonic aspirator represents a significant landmark in neuroendoscopic surgery. Our modification allowed greater versatility and compatibility with multiple endoscopes. This safe and effective modification will broaden its use and with time will have a considerable impact in the field of minimally invasive neurosurgery.
An interpretative phenomenological study about maternal perceptions of cesarean birth
Authors: Bawadi Hala , Al-Hamdan Zaid , Shaqra Nagham Abu , Gharaibeh Amer , Rawashdeh Hasan , Basha Asma , Jallad Majida , Majali Sawsan , AboShindi Heba , Taym Mahmoud 
Published: February 2025

Aim
To explore the perceptions of Jordanian primipara and para 1 women regarding Cesarean section delivery and provide insights for clinical practice, policy development, and future research to optimize maternity care practices and outcomes in Jordan and similar contexts.

Background
Global Cesarean section (CS) rates have risen steadily over recent decades. Jordan has witnessed a significant increase in CS rates. This trend has sparked interest in understanding the underlying factors behind this phenomenon and the perceptions surrounding CS delivery. Understanding these factors is essential for informing healthcare practices and promoting optimal maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Methods
Forty-one primipara and para 1 women were interviewed within seven focus groups. The analysis was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis with the assistance of the NVivo 12 software program.

Results
Three main themes were identified: The Foundation of Women’s Knowledge and Cognitive Structures; The Influential Parties in Shaping Women’s Perceptions; and Transforming Perception into Action.

Discussion
To offer empathetic, comprehensive, and patient-centered care, healthcare professionals should discuss delivery options with pregnant mothers and factor in maternal preferences and perceptions. This study underscores the importance of supportive dialogue and informed decision-making in maternity care, advocating for a more individualized approach to childbirth.
A apropriação Nazista de Platão
Authors: Nogueira de Sousa Carvalho José Roberto 
Published: February 2025

Resumo: O trabalho em questão visa demonstrar como se deu a apropriação dos conceitos e argumentos filosóficos de Platão por parte daqueles que eram favoráveis ao Partido Nacional-Socialista. A apropriação se dá de forma que revela não somente a relação dos nazistas com a filosofia de Platão, mas também com a Filosofia como um campo do saber. Ao longo da pesquisa se revelará o contexto cultural de tal interpretação política do filósofo grego e, ademais, o ambiente intelectual que a tornou possível, analisando contribuições de filólogos, filósofos e poetas como Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Werner Jaeger, Julius Stenzel, Stefan George, Kurt Hildebrandt, Joachim Bannes, Hans F. K. Günther entre outros. Denotamos, portanto, a importância de uma tradição alemã que perpassa grupos/movimentos como o Terceiro Humanismo e o Círculo de George para que Platão se torne “apropriável” pelos nazistas.
Palavras-chave: Platão; República; Nazismo.
The Nazi appropriation of Plato
Abstract: The work in question aims to demonstrate how the appropriation of Plato's philosophical concepts and arguments by those who favored the National Socialist Party took place. The appropriation occurs in a way that reveals not only the relationship of the Nazis with Plato's philosophy, but also with Philosophy as a field of knowledge. Throughout the research, the cultural context of such political interpretation of the Greek philosopher will be revealed and, moreover, the intellectual environment that made it possible, analyzing contributions from philologists, philosophers and poets such as Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Werner Jaeger, Julius Stenzel, Stefan George, Kurt Hildebrandt, Joachim Bannes, Hans FK Günther among others. Therefore, we denote the importance of a German tradition that permeates groups/movements such as the Third Humanism and the George's Circle so that Plato becomes “appropriated” by the Nazis.
Keywords: Plato; Republic; Nazism.

Data de registro: 12/07/2024
Data de aceite: 26/09/2024
Estátuas Filosóficas: a noção de escultura no início do Livro II da República de Platão
Authors: Oliveira Lethícia Ouro Almeida Marques 
Published: February 2025

Resumo: Quando se aborda a questão da arte em Platão, o foco costuma estar no Livro X da República onde Sócrates afirma que a arte mimética se encontra três graus afastada do real, das Ideias. Parece, assim, haver uma oposição entre arte e filosofia, esta mais próxima do real. Todavia, ao se lançar luz sobre outras partes da obra, nos deparamos com uma abordagem diferente. No início do Livro II do mesmo diálogo, por exemplo, a arte escultórica é usada para ilustrar procedimentos filosóficos: Gláucon expõe os homens justo e injusto como se estivesse a polir estátuas; os personagens moldam a cidade ideal. Há um procedimento mimético na filosofia, e esta tem um aspecto plástico. A arte escultórica é usada para falar da expressão do real. E este é um dos primeiros olhares ocidentais para uma arte que ainda não se consolidou como tal; há muitos termos gregos para uma arte que começa a se constituir como um gênero único somente no Renascimento. O que é uma escultura originalmente? Um encaminhamento a uma resposta parcial desta questão é o que pretendemos desenvolver neste texto.
Palavras-chave: Escultura; Platão; República.
Statues philosophiques: la notion de sculpture au début du Livre II de la République de Platon
Résumé: Quand on parle de la question de l’art chez Platon, on regarde habituellement le Livre X de la République, dans lequel Socrate dit que l’art mimétique est à trois degrés loin du réel, des Idées. Ainsi il semble qu’il y a une opposition entre l’art et la philosophie, qui est plus proche du réel. Cependant, si on regarde d'autres parties de l'œuvre, on voit une approche différente. Au début du Livre II du même dialogue, par exemple, l’art de la sculpture est utilisé pour illustrer des procédés philosophiques : Glaucon présente les hommes juste et injuste comme s'il était en train de polir statues; les personnages moulent la cité idéale. Il y a un procédé mimétique dans la philosophie et elle a un aspect plastique. L’art de la sculpture est utilisé pour parler de l'expression du réel. Et cela est un des premiers regards occidentaux sur un art qui ne s'est pas encore établi comme tel; il y a beaucoup de termes grecques pour un art qui commence à se constituer comme un genre unique seulement dans la Renaissance. Qu’est-ce qu'une sculpture à l'origine ? Ce texte vise à proposer une réponse partielle à cette question.
Mots-clés: Sculpture; Platon; République.

Data de registro: 31/08/2024
Data de aceite: 29/01/2025
Problemas Relacionados à Definição e o Significado no Argumento Elêntico de Aristóteles
Authors: Lemgruber Pedro 
Published: February 2025

Resumo: Em Metafísica Gamma 4, Aristóteles argumenta contra supostos negadores do Princípio da Não-Contradição. O argumento elêntico, assim chamado devido à sua estrutura argumentativa que se assemelha a uma refutação (elenchus), é a parte mais notória dessa argumentação. Esse argumento começa com uma fala de um interlocutor hipotético, que deve ao menos enunciar algum termo significativo. Em seguida, uma definição desse termo deve ser dada. Então, tendo afirmado uma definição, o interlocutor de Aristóteles não poderia contradizer o que enunciou, sob pena de ininteligibilidade. Neste artigo, examinaremos as noções de significado e definição envolvidas neste argumento. Para tal, examinaremos a descrição do significado linguístico encontrada em De Interpretatione, bem como as discussões sobre definições de nomes de entidades fictícias desenvolvidas nos Segundos Analíticos. Concluiremos que as noções de definição e significado são centrais para o argumento elêntico, de tal modo que a força do argumento depende, em última instância, de aspectos da concepção aristotélica do processo de significação.
Palavras-chave: Não-Contradição; Metafísica; Aristóteles; Significado; Definição.
Problemas Relacionados con la Definición y el Significado en el Argumento Elentico de Aristóteles
Resumen: En Metafísica Gamma 4, Aristóteles argumenta contra los supuestos negadores del principio de no contradicción. El argumento elentico, llamado así por su estructura argumentativa que se asemeja a una refutación (elenchus), es la parte más notoria de este argumento. Este argumento comienza con el discurso de un hipotético interlocutor, quien al menos debe enunciar algún término significativo. A continuación, se debe dar una definición de este término. Así, una vez enunciada una definición, el interlocutor de Aristóteles no podía contradecir lo que enunciaba, so pena de ininteligibilidad. En este artículo, examinaremos las nociones de significado y definición involucradas en este argumento. Para hacer esto, examinaremos la descripción del significado lingüístico que se encuentra en De Interpretatione, así como las discusiones sobre definiciones de nombres de entidades ficticias desarrolladas en los Segundos Análisis. Concluiremos que las nociones de definición y significado son centrales para el argumento elentico, de tal manera que la fuerza del argumento depende en última instancia de aspectos de la concepción aristotélica del proceso de significación.
Palabras clave: No-Contradicción; Metafísica; Aristóteles; Significado; Definición.

Data de registro: 29/09/2024
Data de aceite: 29/01/2025
Die Behandlung von Zentralen Orten im kommunalen Finanzausgleich unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Funktionsteilungen am Beispiel des möglichen Oberzentrums Harz
Authors: Greiving Stefan , Fuchs Marisa , Terfrüchte Thomas 
Published: February 2025

This research paper addresses the role of central places in communal fiscal equalisation and, in particular, the question of whether and, if so, how the additional burden associated with the provision of central place functions for the inhabitants of third municipalities is. For this purpose, the fiscal equalisation laws of the federal states are evaluated comparatively. While the role of central places in communal fiscal compensation is widely discussed in the spatial and financial literature, this does not apply to the specific question of the distribution of the additional burden on the municipalities involved in a function-sharing central place. The paper discusses this using the example of the proposed function-sharing upper centre consisting of the City of Halberstadt, World Heritage City Quedlinburg and the City of Wernigerode in the Harz planning region, Germany. This region has so far lacked an upper centre that is reasonably accessible and could help to ensure equal living conditions. It is argued that the distribution of the additional burden equalisation should not only consider the fiscal capacity of the municipalities involved but also their contribution to the joint fulfilment of functions, based on the respective upper-central supply function.
Defining the predictors for post renal transplant left ventricular dysfunction in end‐stage renal disease patients
Authors: Sheikhani Mahboobeh , Poorzand Hoorak , Ahmadi Mahnaz , Morovatdar Negar , Afshar Sara , Shahinfar Zahra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReduced left ventricular (LV) function predicts poor outcomes in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to identify the pre‐renal transplantation echocardiographic parameters that can predict post‐renal transplantation LV failure. This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on patients with ESRD who underwent renal transplantation during 1 year. All patients underwent echocardiography, including ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septal (IVS) thickness, peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow (E), peak velocity of late transmitral flow (A), early diastolic myocardial relaxation (Em), E/A, E/Em, Left atrial volume (LAV) index, tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (TRPG), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), 1 week before and 1 month after renal transplantation. Fifty patients participated in the current study. All echocardiographic parameters improved after transplantation. Post‐renal transplantation LV dysfunction was observed in 21 (42%) patients. Pre‐renal transplantation echocardiographic parameters (LVEDV, LVESD, LVEDD, IVS, E/Em, TRPG, SPAP, and LAV index) could predict post‐transplantation LV failure with high accuracy (AUC: 0.978).
Optimization of cyber security through the implementation of AI technologies
Authors: Nawaf Liqaa , Bentotahewa Vibhushinie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Identification of cyber threats is crucial and significant for determining substantial security techniques and approaches. This research illustrates a brief discussion of cyberspace challenges and threats in a disruptive era alongside comprehensive approaches in mitigating the risk of cyber threats. Additionally, the aim of this research is to provide beneficial approaches on how to handle cyber threats in detail. For example, threats and attacks may be caused in the absence of legislation, ethical standardization, support system, and lack of access control. The governance system, therefore, will put a lot of effort into communicating, identifying, and enforcing the principles of security to moderate risk. The Metaheuristic algorithms are stimulated by the human brain, so implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) that assists the Neural Network to mimic the behaviour of the human brain is important to predict significant outcomes. In this study, the author investigates and analyses the rapid growth of cyber threats to outline the solutions. The aim of this study is to contribute to cyber security optimization through implementing AI methodologies.
Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
Authors: Bai Ruifeng , Yue Xinyang , Tian Xuan , Zhao Huiru , Liu Ying , Li Tian , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The specific role of lysophosphatidic acid 2 (LPA2) in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains unclear.

Methods
An inferior vena cava annulus retraction model of DVT was established in wild-type (WT) and global LPA2 knockout (Lpar2

−/−
) mice. We examined the incidence of DVT, wet weight of thrombus, length of thrombus, assessed endothelial permeability through Evans blue dye assay in vivo, cell viability, and endothelial cell (EC) permeability of mouse inferior vena cava ECs in vitro. Proteomics, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were employed to investigate the role of LPA2 in DVT.

Results

Lpar2 deficiency increased vascular endothelial permeability and promoted the progression of DVT. Histological examination revealed aggravated inflammation in the thrombus of Lpar2
−/− DVT mice. In vitro, Lpar2
−/− resulted in increased permeability of ECs. Proteomic results indicated that DVT after Lpar2
−/− may be related to tight junction (TJ) protein. LPA2 agonist, 2-[4-(1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzoisoquinolin-2-yl)butylsulfamoyl] benzoic acid, significantly reduced vascular endothelial permeability as well as increased expression of the vascular endothelial TJ protein zonula occludens-1.

Conclusion
These data provide a novel mechanism of endothelial barrier protection of LPA2 in DVT.
The Dualist Metaphysics of the Incarnation and the Too Many Thinkers Problem
Authors: Lim Joungbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the literature on the Incarnation, Christ’s human nature is typically understood through the dualist view of human persons. Some dualists hold that the Son becomes human by acquiring a particular body-soul composite. According to them, the Incarnation involves two souls – one divine and one human. On the other hand, other dualists argue that Christ’s human nature is not a concrete particular but a set of properties necessary for being human. These dualists say that the Son, in becoming incarnate, becomes a compound of body and soul, which means there is only one soul present in the Incarnation. However, I contend that these dualist accounts of the Incarnation lead to the absurd multiplication of thinkers. If Christ is not divided or separated into two thinkers, dualists should deny that the Son takes on a soul as a part or becomes a compound of body and soul.