bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Experience Among Black Women in the United States: A Qualitative Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Spurlock Elizabeth J. , Pickler Rita H. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThere are striking disparities in perinatal health outcomes for Black women in the United States. Although the causes are multifactorial, research findings have increasingly identified social and structural determinants of health as contributors to perinatal disparities. Maltreatment during perinatal care, which is disproportionately experienced by Black women, may be one such contributor. Qualitative researchers have explored Black women's perinatal care experiences, but childbirth experience data has yet to be analyzed in‐depth across studies. The aim of this meta‐synthesis was to explore the birthing experience of Black women in the United States.MethodsPubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were qualitative research studies that included birth experience data shared by self‐identified Black or African American women who had given birth in the United States. Exclusion criteria were reports that did not include rich qualitative data or only included experience data that did not specify the race of the participant (eg, data pooled for women of color). The search began February 2022 and ended June 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research was used to appraise the research. Results were synthesized using content analysis.ResultsFifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Main themes included (1) trust: being known and seen; (2) how race influences care; (3) preserving autonomy; and (4) birth as trauma.DiscussionFragmented care resulted in reports of poor birth experiences in several studies. Open communication and feeling known by perinatal care providers was influential in improving childbirth experiences among Black women; these themes are consistent with existing research. Further prospective research exploring relationships among these themes and perinatal outcomes is needed. Limitations of this report include the use of content analysis and meta‐synthesis which may lose the granularity of the original reports; however, the aggregation of voices may provide valuable, transferable, actionable insight that can inform future supportive care interventions.
Tattoo Artists as Religious Figures
Authors: Morello SJ Gustavo , Franco De Paula Tiago 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIf tattoos have a religious function, tattooists play a role in crafting a spiritual object. Hence, we explore the religious function of the tattooist and how tattooists deal with religion in their work. We used a “Lived Religion” approach that focuses on religious practices instead of religious organizations, because neither tattooists nor tattoo parlors are religiously legitimized figures or institutions. We collected data from tattooists from five different countries, with 23 semistructured interviews, 110 photos, and 4 video clips. After doing a content analysis of the interviews, and a denotative analysis of the photos and videos, we found that tattooists are aware of the religious overtones of their work. They understand themselves as figures that perform spiritual tasks. We also verified that tattoo parlors are spaces of religious negotiation, where tattooists, tattooed, and other actors exercise power. Finally, we established that a religious tattoo is the result of the negotiation among the actors involved, and that tattooists play a role as religious authorities.
Epigenetic age estimation of wild mice using faecal samples
Authors: Hanski Eveliina , Joseph Susan , Raulo Aura , Wanelik Klara M. , O'Toole Áine , Knowles Sarah C. L. , Little Tom J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAge is a key parameter in population ecology, with a myriad of biological processes changing with age as organisms develop in early life then later senesce. As age is often hard to accurately measure with non‐lethal methods, epigenetic methods of age estimation (epigenetic clocks) have become a popular tool in animal ecology and are often developed or calibrated using captive animals of known age. However, studies typically rely on invasive blood or tissue samples, which limit their application in more sensitive or elusive species. Moreover, few studies have directly assessed how methylation patterns and epigenetic age estimates compare across environmental contexts (e.g. captive or laboratory‐based vs. wild animals). Here, we built a targeted epigenetic clock from laboratory house mice (strain C57BL/6, Mus musculus) using DNA from non‐invasive faecal samples, and then used it to estimate age in a population of wild mice (Mus musculus domesticus) of unknown age. This laboratory mouse‐derived epigenetic clock accurately predicted adult wild mice to be older than juveniles and showed that wild mice typically increased in epigenetic age over time, but with wide variation in epigenetic ageing rate among individuals. Our results also suggested that, for a given body mass, wild mice had higher methylation across targeted CpG sites than laboratory mice (and consistently higher epigenetic age estimates as a result), even among the smallest, juvenile mice. This suggests wild and laboratory mice may display different CpG methylation levels from very early in life and indicates caution is needed when developing epigenetic clocks on laboratory animals and applying them in the wild.
Toward a deeper appreciation of correlative thinking: A comparative analysis of Zhuangzi's Fish Parable and Merleau‐Ponty's philosophy of body
Authors: Zhu Kefu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that correlative thinking, a fundamental aspect of Chinese thought often distinguished from rational thinking, is rooted in our situated bodily experiences, constituting a unique mode of sensemaking. It performs a comparative analysis between Zhuangzi's Fish Parable and Merleau‐Ponty's philosophy of embodied perception, focusing on the self‐attunement in our embodied experience and Dao, which remains invisible but gradually reveals its presence as the parable unfolds. The paper illuminates the embodied nature of correlative thinking by exposing the intricate interplay between the self and others, as well as the self and its lived environment. This analysis underscores the reciprocal relationship between Dao and correlative thinking: Dao acts as the origin of correlative thinking, while correlative thinking, in turn, unveils the presence of Dao. This analysis could enrich our understanding of the interplay between the self, others, and the world they inhabit.
Ecological drivers of flower–leaf sequences: aridity and proxies for pollinator attraction select for flowering‐first in the American plums
Authors: Buonaiuto D. M. , Davies T. J. , Collins S. C. , Wolkovich E. M. 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Across temperate forests, many tree species produce flowers before their leaves emerge. This flower–leaf phenological sequence, known as hysteranthy, is generally described as an adaptation for wind pollination. However, this explanation does not address why hysteranthy is also common in biotically pollinated taxa.

We quantified flower–leaf sequence variation in the American plums (Prunus, subg. Prunus sect. Prunocerasus), a clade of insect‐pollinated trees, using herbaria specimens and Bayesian hierarchical modeling. We tested two common, but rarely interrogated hypotheses – that hysteranthy confers aridity tolerance and/or pollinator visibility – by modeling the associations between hysteranthy and related traits. To understand how these phenology–trait associations were sensitive to taxonomic scale and flower–leaf sequence classification, we then extended these analyses to all Prunus species in North America.

Our findings across two taxonomic levels support the hypotheses that hysteranthy may help temporally partition hydraulic demand to reduce water stress and increase pollinator visibility – thereby reducing selective pressure on inflorescence size.

Our results provide foundational insights into the evolution of flower–leaf sequences in the genus Prunus, with implications for understanding these patterns in biotically pollinated plants in general. Our approach suggests a path to advance these hypotheses to other clades, but teasing out drivers fully will require new experiments.
Preoperative depression and outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Diep Calvin , Lee Sandra , Xue Yuanxin , Xiao Maggie , Pivetta Bianca , Daza Julian F. , Jung James J. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Ladha Karim S. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPreoperative depression is prevalent among patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and is a potentially modifiable risk factor. However, the impact of preoperative depression on MBS outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. A search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PsychINFO (inception to June 2023) was conducted for studies reporting associations between preoperative depression and any clinical or patient‐reported outcomes after MBS. Eighteen studies (5 prospective and 13 retrospective) reporting on 5933 participants were included. Most participants underwent gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Meta‐analyses were not conducted due to heterogeneity in reported outcomes; findings were instead synthesized using a narrative and tabular approach. Across 13 studies (n = 3390) the associations between preoperative depression and weight loss outcomes at 6–72 months were mixed overall. This may be related to differences in cohort characteristics, outcome definitions, and instruments used to measure depression. A small number of studies reported that preoperative depression was associated with lower quality of life, worse acute pain, and more perioperative complications after surgery. Most of the included studies were deemed to be at high risk of bias, resulting in low or very low certainty of evidence according to the Risk of Bias In Non‐randomized Studies ‐ of Exposure (ROBINS‐E) tool. While the impact of preoperative depression on weight loss after MBS remains unclear, there is early evidence that depression has negative consequences on other patient‐important outcomes. Adequately powered studies using more sophisticated statistical methods are needed to accurately estimate these associations.
Changes in Patellar Height and Tibial Posterior Slope after Biplanar High Tibial Osteotomy with Computer‐Designed Personalized Surgical Guides: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Chang , Luo Wei , Ma Jianxiong , Ye Songqing , Zhao Bin , Bai Haohao , Xing Fei , Jiang Xuan , Ma Xinlong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveMedial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is a surgical procedure to treat medial compartment osteoarthritis in the knee with varus deformity. However, factors such as patellar height (PH) and the sagittal plane's posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) are potentially overlooked. This study investigated the impact of alignment correction angle guided by computer‐designed personalized surgical guide plate (PSGP) in MOWHTO on PH and PTSA, offering insights for enhancing surgical techniques.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients who underwent 3D‐printed PSGP‐assisted MOWHTO at our institution from March to September 2022. The paired t‐tests assessed differences in all preoperative and postoperative measurement parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis examined correlations between PTSA, CDI (Caton–Deschamps Index), and the alignment correction magnitude. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the threshold of the correction angle, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve.ResultsA total of 107 patients were included in our study. The CDI changed from a preoperative mean of 0.97 ± 0.13 (range 0.70–1.34) to a postoperative mean of 0.82 ± 0.13 (range 0.55–1.20). PTSA changed from a preoperative mean of 8.54 ± 2.67 (range 2.19–17.55) to a postoperative mean of 10.54 ± 3.05 (range 4.48–18.05). The t‐test revealed statistically significant changes in both values (p < 0.05). A significant alteration in patellar height occurred when the correction angle exceeded 9.39°. Moreover, this paper illustrates a negative correlation between CDI change and the correction angle and preoperative PTSA. Holding other factors constant, each 1‐degree increase in the correction angle led to a 0.017 decrease in postoperative CDI, and each 1‐degree increase in preoperative PTSA resulted in a 0.008 decrease in postoperative CDI. PTSA change was positively correlated only with the correction angle; for each 1‐degree increase in the opening angle, postoperative PTS increased by 0.188, with other factors constant.ConclusionThis study highlights the effectiveness and precision of PSGP‐assisted MOWHTO, focusing on the impact of alignment correction on PH and PTSA. These findings support the optimization of PSGP technology, which offers simpler, faster, and safer surgeries with less radiation and bleeding than traditional methods. However, PSGP's one‐time use design and the learning curve required for its application are limitations, suggesting areas for further research.
Clothing the female life. Self‐fashioning and memory making at the Malatesta network of women between the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries
Authors: Tosi Brandi Elisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the relationship between women and their garments by examining written, visual, and material sources about dress drawn from the historical records of the Malatesta family. The objective of this research is to understand whether women of this House had any degree of autonomy regarding the garments that they chose to ‘self‐fashion’ their identity, and whether they were aware of the multiple meanings the clothing held beyond economic, political, and social status, in addition to their cultural and symbolic values. Indeed, these last two factors rendered these objects into powerful and immediate transmitters of expression and communication that surpassed the conventions of their time, as will be shown in this analysis that includes secular and religious clothing. From two different perspectives, that of the clothing of nobility as emblems of luxury, in line with the conventions of the time, and that of the clothing of religious orders as emblems of abstention perceived as unconventional when the abstention was radical, this article aim to discuss the strong relationship between women and clothing and the diverse ways adopted by women to identify themselves and their radius of action, to reinforce their social networks and their authority.
Modeling the associations between emotion regulation, suicide crisis syndrome and suicidal behavior: Results in community and clinical samples
Authors: Colmenero‐Navarrete Lidia , García‐Sancho Esperanza , Salguero José M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmotion Regulation (ER) and Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) are psychological processes involved in suicide. Within ER, both the use of rumination and dysfunctional emotion beliefs are associated with suicide. SCS, a pre‐suicidal mental state involving cognitive and affective dysregulation, is related to short‐term suicide risk.AimsHere, we first examined associations between ER (beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and rumination), SCS and suicide behavior, and second, we test a multistep model in which ER factors are linked to suicide behavior through SCS.Materials & MethodsWe conducted two cross‐sectional studies to address this issue by self‐reports. Study 1 used a community sample (N = 421). Study 2 used a clinical sample (N = 70).ResultsResults from both studies showed that beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and rumination were associated with higher levels of SCS symptoms and suicide behavior, and that SCS was associated with suicide behavior. In addition, path analyses showed that uncontrollability beliefs were linked to rumination, which in turn was associated with SCS, and this variable mediated the association between ER factors and suicide ideation (in both community and clinical samples) and suicide attempts (in the community sample).DiscussionAs we expected, in both samples, uncontrollability of emotions and rumination were positively related with SCS and suicide behavior.ConclusionWe emphasize the importance of addressing uncontrollability beliefs and rumination in suicide prevention.
The efficacy of mindfulness‐based programs in reducing anxiety among nurses in hospital settings: A systematic review
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ja’far M. , Khawaldeh Mahmoud A. , Mrayyan Majd T. , Yehia Dalal , Shudifat Raed M. , Anshasi Huda A. , Al‐Shdayfat Noha M. , Alzoubi Majdi M. , Aqel Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing pressure of their professional duties has led to a notable concern regarding the mounting anxiety levels among nurses. The ongoing discussion revolves around the efficacy of mindfulness as a means to alleviate anxiety in nurses.AimThis systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing anxiety among nurses.MethodsThe evaluation followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. An extensive and comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases to identify studies that utilized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and were published in English between 2011 and 2022. Independently, two reviewers assessed the validity of the randomized controlled trials using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials criteria. Additionally, two authors independently employed the Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐2) method to evaluate the potential bias in the RCTs.ResultsEight randomized controlled trial studies that were deemed eligible were included in the current analysis. Based on the literature review, it was determined that mindfulness‐based training can assist nurses in reducing their anxiety levels. Furthermore, the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based programs in enhancing nurses' mindfulness and self‐compassion has been firmly established.Linking Evidence to ActionBased on existing literature, mindfulness‐based interventions have proven to be effective in reducing anxiety levels among nurses. However, in order to enhance the overall quality of research, it is necessary to implement more rigorous controlled designs that include randomization. Additionally, larger sample sizes with a diverse range of participants are needed to establish and validate the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based programs in alleviating anxiety among nurses. Implementing mindfulness‐based training in healthcare organizations can offer numerous benefits. One such advantage is that it can help nurses in reducing anxiety and enhancing their ability to handle the pressures associated with their profession.Study RegistrationPROSPERO Protocol registration ID: CRD42023475157.
Impact of capillary and sarcolemmal proximity on mitochondrial structure and energetic function in skeletal muscle
Authors: Parry Hailey A. , Willingham T. Bradley , Giordano Kevin A. , Kim Yuho , Qazi Shureed , Knutson Jay R. , Combs Christian A. , Glancy Brian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMitochondria within skeletal muscle cells are located either between the muscle contractile apparatus (interfibrillar mitochondria, IFM) or beneath the cell membrane (subsarcolemmal mitochondria, SSM), with several structural and functional differences reported between IFM and SSM. However, recent 3D imaging studies demonstrate that mitochondria are particularly concentrated in the proximity of capillaries embedded in sarcolemmal grooves rather than in proximity to the sarcolemma itself (paravascular mitochondria, PVM). To evaluate the impact of capillary vs. sarcolemmal proximity, we compared the structure and function of skeletal muscle mitochondria located either lateral to embedded capillaries (PVM), adjacent to the sarcolemma but not in PVM pools (SSM) or interspersed between sarcomeres (IFM). Mitochondrial morphology and interactions were assessed by 3D electron microscopy coupled with machine learning segmentation, whereas mitochondrial energy conversion was assessed by two‐photon microscopy of mitochondrial membrane potential, content, calcium, NADH redox and flux in live, intact cells. Structurally, although PVM and SSM were similarly larger than IFM, PVM were larger, rounder and had more physical connections to neighbouring mitochondria compared to both IFM and SSM. Functionally, PVM had similar or greater basal NADH flux compared to SSM and IFM, respectively, despite a more oxidized NADH pool and a greater membrane potential, signifying a greater activation of the electron transport chain in PVM. Together, these data indicate that proximity to capillaries has a greater impact on resting mitochondrial energy conversion and distribution in skeletal muscle than the sarcolemma alone.
imageKey points
Capillaries have a greater impact on mitochondrial energy conversion in skeletal muscle than the sarcolemma.
Paravascular mitochondria are larger, and the outer mitochondrial membrane is more connected with neighbouring mitochondria.
Interfibrillar mitochondria are longer and have greater contact sites with other organelles (i.e. sarcoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets).
Paravascular mitochondria have greater activation of oxidative phosphorylation than interfibrillar mitochondria at rest, although this is not regulated by calcium.
Classification of Chip-Level Defect Types in Wafer Bin Maps Using Only Wafer-Level Labels
Authors: Lee Hyuck , Kim Hyeonwoo , Kim Heeyoung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Defective chips in wafer bin maps (WBMs) form different spatial patterns depending on the root causes of process failures. Therefore, the identification of defect patterns in WBMs can help practitioners identify the root causes. Previous studies have focused on wafer-level classification even though chip-level classification can provide additional information regarding defect locations and defect sizes. Chip-level classification is more challenging than wafer-level classification because existing chip-level classification methods require chip-level labels, which are laborious to collect. We propose a method for chip-level defect classification using only wafer-level labels based on weakly supervised semantic segmentation. We first train a classification network using wafer-level labels and extract class activation maps (CAMs), which are visualizations of the discriminative regions. We then generate chip-level pseudo-labels using the extracted CAMs and use these labels to train a segmentation network, which predicts chip-level defect types. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.