bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaempferol attenuates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide‐induced gallbladder epithelial cells by inhibiting the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Hai‐tao , Lin Xin‐xing , Yang Xiao‐lei , Ding Yong , Wang Jia‐liang , Liu Chen‐lu , Yu Wei‐zhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKaempferol (KPR), a flavonoid compound found in various plants and foods, has garnered attention for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In preliminary studies, KPR can modulate several signaling pathways involved in inflammation, making it a candidate for treating cholecystitis. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of KPR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced human gallbladder epithelial cells (HGBECs). To assess the impact of KPR on HGBECs, the HGBECs were divided into control, KPR, LPS, LPS + KPR, and LPS + UDCA groups. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated by MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, respectively, and concentrations of KPR (10–200 μM) were tested. LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in HGBECs were to create an in vitro model of cholecystitis. The key inflammatory markers (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) levels were quantified using ELISA, The modulation of the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway was measured by western blot using specific antibodies against pathway components (p‐IκBα, IκBα, p‐p65, p65, p‐JNK, JNK, p‐ERK, ERK, p‐p38, and p38). The cell viability and LDH levels in HGBECs were not significantly affected by 50 μM KPR, thus it was selected as the optimal KPR intervention concentration. KPR increased the viability of LPS‐induced HGBECs. Additionally, KPR inhibited the inflammatory factors level (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) and protein expression (iNOS and COX‐2) in LPS‐induced HGBECs. Furthermore, KPR reversed LPS‐induced elevation of p‐IκBα/IκBα, p‐p65/p65, p‐JNK/JNK, p‐ERK/ERK, and p‐p38/p38 ratios. KPR attenuates the LPS‐induced inflammatory response in HGBECs, possibly by inhibiting MAPK/NF‐κB signaling.
The dermatopathologist–patient consultation program: A pilot study on patient perspectives and interest
Authors: Lai Jonathan , D'Amiano Nina M. , Jedrych Jaroslaw 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the integral contribution of dermatopathologists in diagnosing skin lesions, their role often remains unclear to patients, likely due to little face‐to‐face interaction. More healthcare systems have begun introducing patient–pathologist consultation programs that allow patients to discuss results with a pathologist and view tissue under a microscope. To our knowledge, only one study has been published exploring patient perspectives of these programs and no studies exist regarding interest in dermatopathology.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed via online support groups for various dermatologic diagnoses.ResultsPatients demonstrated a high level of interest in the dermatopathologist–patient consultation program, with 81.3% expressing at least moderate interest in discussing their diagnosis with a dermatopathologist and 79.2% expressing at least moderate interest in examining their tissue under the microscope with a dermatopathologist. The rationale for interest included various themes: (1) knowledge/understanding, (2) empowerment, (3) emotional support, (4) general interest, and (5) improved trust.ConclusionsPatients with cancerous and non‐cancerous dermatologic diagnoses demonstrate high interest in a dermatopathologist–patient consultation program. Efforts to pilot this type of program can build upon the infrastructure of current pathologist consultation programs. Future efforts should be taken by hospital leadership, clinicians, and dermatopathologists to determine physician interest and address logistical challenges to the implementation of these programs.
Marine heatwaves redistribute pelagic fishing fleets
Authors: Farchadi Nima , Welch Heather , Braun Camrin D. , Allyn Andrew J. , Bograd Steven J. , Brodie Stephanie , Hazen Elliott L. , Kerney Alex , Lezama‐Ochoa Nerea , Mills Katherine E. , Pugh Dylan , Young‐Morse Riley , Lewison Rebecca L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) have measurable impacts on marine ecosystems and reliant fisheries and associated communities. However, how MHWs translate to changes in fishing opportunities and the displacement of fishing fleets remains poorly understood. Using fishing vessel tracking data from the automatic identification system (AIS), we developed vessel distribution models for two pelagic fisheries targeting highly migratory species, the U.S. Atlantic longline and Pacific troll fleets, to understand how MHW properties (intensity, size, and duration) influence core fishing grounds and fleet displacement. For both fleets, MHW size had the largest influence on fishing ground area with northern fishing grounds gaining and southern fishing grounds decreasing in area. However, fleet displacement in response to MHWs varied between coasts, as the Atlantic longline fleet displaced farther in southern regions whereas the most northern and southern regions of the Pacific troll fleet shifted farther. Characterizing fishing fleet responses to these anomalous conditions can help identify regional vulnerabilities under future extreme events and aid in supporting climate‐readiness and resilience in pelagic fisheries.
Phenotypes of predator individuals underpin contrasting ecosystem effects
Authors: Rota Thibaut , Jabiol Jérémy , Lamothe Sylvain , Lambrigot Didier , Chauvet Éric , Lecerf Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Intraspecific variability has implications for our understanding of ecosystem functioning. Yet, beyond ontogenetic variation in body size, we know little about how phenotypic differences between individuals modulate ecosystem functioning.

We addressed this question empirically within a forested stream, by studying the ecosystem effects triggered by conspecific predatory dragonfly larvae that varied in sex, body shape, behaviour and growth rate. With the help of stream enclosures, we were able to evaluate how different predator phenotypes drive cascading effects on litter‐dwelling prey, fungal biomass and leaf litter decomposition, in uncontrolled natural conditions.

Some individual predators increased leaf litter standing stocks and fungal biomass compared to controls (without dragonfly larvae added), but others had the opposite effect. These contrasting effects were repeatable between the two runs of our experiment. Phenotypic effects were related to the sex and the position of individuals along a life history—behavioural continuum, and were possibly mediated by differential top‐down control of prey, or by inter‐individual variability in non‐consumptive effects.

Several phenotypic dimensions are likely to mediate individual variability in predator effects on ecosystem processes, even in a complex and stochastic natural context such as a forested stream.

We invite further investigations that seek to understand the mechanisms (e.g., non‐consumptive effects) driving individual variability in predator effects on ecosystem processes.
Monitoring Groundwater Health Using Citizen Scientists in Semi‐Arid Regional Australia
Authors: Korbel Kathryn L. , Hose Grant C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCitizen science (CS) around the world is undergoing a resurgence, potentially due to the utilization of new technologies and methods to capture information, such as data and photo entry via mobile phone apps. CS has been used in aquatic ecology for several decades, however the use of volunteers to collect data in groundwaters has rarely occurred. Groundwater research, particularly groundwater ecosystems, is unevenly distributed across the world, limiting our knowledge of these ecosystems and their functions. Here, we engaged six volunteer farmers in semi‐arid region of north‐western New South Wales, Australia to participate in an assessment of groundwater health using privately owned wells. Volunteers were supplied with sampling kits and instructions on sampling methods. Data retrieved indicated the health of the groundwater ecosystems, simultaneously providing information on water quality and groundwater biota present within the farm aquifers. Diverse stygofauna were collected from the trial, which reflected historical records of stygofauna within the same catchment indicating the viability of using citizen scientist for data collection. The citizen science project not only aided the collection of data and assessment of groundwater health, but also provided a tool for education, attracting media attention which furthered the education to a national audience. The amount of data still required to understand groundwater ecosystems, combined with the urgency to manage these environments, suggests that citizen scientists may complement the efforts of scientists around the globe to establish the impacts and consequences of human activities on this resource.
The rise of the remote metropolitan branch campus – Definitions, motivations and models
Authors: Hickey Rob , Healey Nigel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of the university remote metropolitan branch campus (RMBC). Drawing on approaches used to frame international branch campuses, it proposes a first definition for an RMBC, distinguishing it from a wider group of domestic ‘Satellite Campuses’ that includes multi‐campus universities within regions. Using interviews with 10 RMBC directors in London, it explores motivations for their creation and approaches used to organise and resource these ventures, as well as to attract and teach students. It concludes that the dominant reasons for creating RMBCs relate to financial diversification, reputation, reach and business engagement, but that in some cases the repositioning of an RMBC has been strategically reactive in response to external changes in its operating environment. Whilst there is evidence for a range of organisational models amongst London‐based RMBCs, there are key commonalities around the students attracted, the programmes offered and approaches to teaching and learning. RMBCs in London are growing and thriving, but face challenges from market entrants and uncertain future UK Government policy.
Presence of focal usual interstitial pneumonia is a key prognostic factor in progressive pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tsushima Yukio , Okoshi Ethan N , Ishijima Sousuke , Bychkov Andrey , Lami Kris , Morimoto Shimpei , Yamano Yasuhiko , Kataoka Kensuke , Johkoh Takeshi , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Fukuoka Junya 
Published: April 2024

AimsProgressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is a newly recognised clinical phenotype of interstitial lung diseases in the 2022 interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) guidelines. This category is based entirely on clinical and radiological factors, and the background histopathology is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the histopathological characteristics of PPF and to examine the correlation between usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and prognosis in this new disease type. We hypothesised that the presence of UIP‐like fibrosis predicts patients’ survival in PPF cases.Methods and resultsWe selected 201 cases fulfilling the clinical criteria of PPF from case archives. Cases diagnosed as IPF by a multidisciplinary team were excluded. Whole slide images were evaluated by three pathologists who were blinded to clinical and radiological data. We measured areas of UIP‐like fibrosis and calculated what percentage of the total lesion area they occupied. The presence of focal UIP‐like fibrosis amounting to 10% or more of the lesion area was seen in 148 (73.6%), 168 (83.6%) and 165 (82.1%) cases for each pathologist, respectively. Agreement of the recognition of UIP‐like fibrosis in PPF cases was above κ = 0.6 between all pairs. Survival analysis showed that the presence of focal UIP‐like fibrosis correlated with worsened survival under all parameters tested (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of UIP‐like fibrosis is a core pathological feature of clinical PPF, and its presence within diseased areas is associated with poorer prognosis. This study highlights the importance of considering the presence of focal UIP‐like fibrosis in the evaluation and management of PPF.
Exploring p53 protein expression and its link to TP53 mutation in myelodysplasia‐related malignancies—Interpretive challenges and potential field of applications
Authors: Bedekovics Judit , Madarász Kristóf , Mokánszki Attila , Molnár Sarolta , Mester Ágnes , Miltényi Zsófia , Méhes Gábor 
Published: April 2024

AimsTP53 alterations have a significant prognostic effect in myeloid neoplasms. Our objective was to investigate the TP53 gene mutation status, p53 protein expression and their relationship in dysplasia‐related myeloid neoplasms with varying levels of myeloblast counts.Methods and resultsA total of 76 bone marrow biopsy samples with different blast counts were analysed. Total and strong (3+) p53 expression was determined. Dual immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the cell population associated with p53 expression. NGS analysis was performed using the Accel‐Amplicon Comprehensive TP53 panel. Both p53 expression and TP53 VAF showed a significant correlation with the myeloblast ratio (P < 0.0001); however, p53 expression was also present in other cell lineages. The VAF value exhibited a significant correlation with p53 expression. A high specificity (0.9800) was observed for TP53 mutation using the ≥ 10% strong (3+) p53 cut‐off value, although the sensitivity (0.4231) was low.ConclusionsStrong (3+) p53 expression using a ≥ 10% cut‐off value accurately predicts TP53 mutation but does not reveal the allelic state. The p53 expression is significantly influenced by myeloblast count, and histological interpretation should consider the presence of intermixed non‐neoplastic marrow cells with varying physiological p53 expression.
Identification of tumour regression in neoadjuvantly treated pancreatic cancer is based on divergent and nonspecific criteria
Authors: Holm Maia Blomhoff , Lenggenhager Daniela , Detlefsen Sönke , Sántha Petra , Verbeke Caroline Sophie 
Published: April 2024

AimsFollowing the increased use of neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer, grading of tumour regression (TR) has become part of routine diagnostics. However, it suffers from marked interobserver variation, which is mainly ascribed to the subjectivity of the defining criteria of the categories in TR grading systems. We hypothesized that a further cause for the interobserver variation is the use of divergent and nonspecific morphological criteria to identify tumour regression.Methods and ResultsTwenty treatment‐naïve pancreatic cancers and 20 pancreatic cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed by three experienced pancreatic pathologists who, blinded for treatment status, categorized each tumour as treatment‐naïve or neoadjuvantly treated, and annotated all tissue areas they considered showing tumour regression. Only 50%–65% of the cases were categorized correctly, and the annotated tissue areas were highly discrepant (only 3%–41% overlap). When the prevalence of various morphological features deemed to indicate TR was compared between treatment‐naïve and neoadjuvantly treated tumours, only one pattern, characterized by reduced cancer cell density and prominent stroma affecting a large area of the tumour bed, occurred significantly more frequently, but not exclusively, in the neoadjuvantly treated group. Finally, stromal features, both morphological and biological, were investigated as possible markers for tumour regression, but failed to distinguish TR from native tumour stroma.ConclusionThere is considerable divergence in opinion between pathologists when it comes to the identification of tumour regression. Reliable identification of TR is only possible if it is extensive, while lesser degrees of treatment effect cannot be recognized with certainty.
TORT LIABILITY AND UNAWARENESS
Authors: Chakravarty Surajeet , Kelsey David , Teitelbaum Joshua C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe explore the implications of unawareness for tort law. We study cases where injurers and victims initially are unaware that some acts can yield harmful consequences, or that some acts or harmful consequences are even possible, but later become aware. We model unawareness by Reverse Bayesianism. We compare the two basic liability rules of Anglo‐American tort law, negligence and strict liability, and argue that negligence has an important advantage over strict liability in a world with unawareness—negligence, through the stipulation of due care standards, spreads awareness about the updated probability of harm.
Intention to use telemedicine services during a health crisis: A motivation‐opportunity‐ability theory approach
Authors: Atmaja Ferry Tema , Wu Cedric Hsi‐Jui , Guttena Revanth Kumar , Honora Andreawan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTelemedicine, despite its longstanding presence, has emerged as a valuable resource amidst health crises. Yet, research on individuals' willingness to embrace telemedicine in such circumstances remains scarce. This article employs the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability theory to construct a novel framework for investigating how motivational, opportunity‐related, and ability‐related factors influence individuals' intention to use telemedicine during a health crisis. A sample of 468 respondents from Indonesia participated in an online survey. The data were analyzed using covariance‐based structural equation modeling and the Hayes PROCESS macro. The findings revealed that contamination avoidance, telemedicine usability, and privacy concerns significantly influence the intention to use telemedicine services. Moreover, the findings also confirmed the moderated moderating effect of e‐health literacy and technology optimism on the relationship between contamination avoidance and intention to use telemedicine services. By deepening our understanding of the factors shaping individuals' intention to use telemedicine services, this study makes valuable academic contributions to the field of telemedicine adoption literature. Additionally, it provides practical insights for telemedicine providers aiming to enhance individuals' intention to use telemedicine services during critical health situations.
Feasibility of using a combination of staphylococcal superantigen‐like proteins 3, 7 and 11 in a fusion vaccine for Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chan Janlin Ying Hui , Clow Fiona , Pearson Victoria , Langley Ries J , Fraser John D , Radcliff Fiona J 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen in both community and hospital settings, and the escalation of antimicrobial‐resistant strains is of immense global concern. Vaccination is an inviting long‐term strategy to curb staphylococcal disease, but identification of an effective vaccine has proved to be challenging. Three well‐characterized, ubiquitous, secreted immune evasion factors from the staphylococcal superantigen‐like (SSL) protein family were selected for the development of a vaccine. Wild‐type SSL3, 7 and 11, which inhibit signaling through Toll‐like receptor 2, cleavage of complement component 5 and neutrophil function, respectively, were successfully combined into a stable, active fusion protein (PolySSL7311). Vaccination of mice with an attenuated form of the PolySSL7311 protein stimulated significantly elevated specific immunoglobulin G and splenocyte proliferation responses to each component relative to adjuvant‐only controls. Vaccination with PolySSL7311, but not a mixture of the individual proteins, led to a > 102 reduction in S. aureus tissue burden compared with controls after peritoneal challenge. Comparable antibody responses were elicited after coadministration of the vaccine in either AddaVax (an analog of MF59) or an Alum‐based adjuvant; but only AddaVax conferred a significant reduction in bacterial load, aligning with other studies that suggest both cellular and humoral immune responses are necessary for protective immunity to S. aureus. Anti‐sera from mice immunized with PolySSL7311, but not individual proteins, partially neutralized the functional activities of SSL7. This study confirms the importance of these SSLs for the survival of S. aureus in vivo and suggests that PolySSL7311 is a promising vaccine candidate.
The increasing costs of medicines and their implications for patients, physicians and the health system
Authors: Ghinea Narcyz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMost new medicines entering the market are high‐cost speciality drugs. These drugs can cost tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars per course of treatment and in some cases millions of dollars per dose. Approximately half of all spending on medicines is projected to target only 2–3% of patients, raising important questions about resource allocation. While there is no doubt that breakthrough innovations have transformed clinical care in some disciplines, it is also true that cost is becoming one of the primary barriers to treatment access and that many new medicines do not provide value commensurate with their prices. This article examines pricing trends, the reasons for high prices and their implications for access and clinical practice.
Risk factors associated with the occurrence of avulsion in the primary incisors: A case–control study
Authors: Negro Bianca Del , Hermann Nuno Vibe , Lauridsen Eva , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Wanderley Marcia Turolla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying factors associated with the occurrence of primary tooth avulsion is essential to promote prevention strategies.AimTo investigate the risk factors associated with primary incisor avulsion and variables associated with post‐avulsion sequelae in the permanent successor.DesignThis case–control study comprised 407 children (cases) with primary incisor avulsion and 407 children (controls) with other traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The association between explanatory variables and avulsion was evaluated through logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analyses between potential explanatory variables and sequelae were run, from which relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% CI were estimated.ResultsTDI caused by moderate falls (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.47 to 3.27), affecting lateral incisors (OR = 10.10; 95% CI = 3.89 to 26.54) and the lower arch (OR = 9.54; 95% CI = 3.15 to 28.85), were associated with primary incisor avulsion. Moreover, children with previous severe TDI, anterior open bite, and anterior crossbite had higher odds of primary incisor avulsion. Children who suffered from any primary tooth avulsion (RR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.82 to 3.95) had a higher risk of sequelae in the permanent successors. The risk for sequelae in the permanent teeth was significantly greater for younger children under age 2 years than for children ages 3 to 5 years.ConclusionRisk factors for primary incisor avulsion are related to the severity of the fall, tooth position, history of previous TDI, and malocclusion. Furthermore, avulsion increases the risk of sequelae in the permanent successors.