bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of MAO A deficiency on different kinds of aggression and social investigation in mice
Authors: Vishnivetskaya Galina B. , Skrinskaya Julia A. , Seif Isabelle , Popova Nina K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMonoamine oxidase A (MAO A) degrades serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, factors critically involved in the regulation of aggression. Different kinds of aggression were investigated in Tg8, a transgenic mouse strain lacking a functional MAO A gene. MAO A‐deficient mice differ from wild‐type C3H/HeJ (C3H) in terms of showing higher territorial, predatory and isolation‐induced aggression. Tg8 demonstrated shorter latencies to cricket killing and to the first attack after 6 weeks isolation than C3H mice. In the resident–intruder paradigm, MAO A‐lacking mice were more aggressive than C3H when tested as intruders. In contrast to C3H, attack in Tg8 mice did not depend on different aggressiveness of intruders of BALB/c, A/Sn and C3H strains. Tg8 mice displayed no increase in aggression but demonstrated reduced social investigation towards anesthetized, as well as towards juvenile BALB/c males. Thus, MAO A deficiency in Tg8 mice is accompanied by increased expression of different kinds of aggression, as well as by disruption of normal pattern of social interaction. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–6, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary examination of the intergenerational continuity of maternal psychopathic features
Authors: Loney Bryan R. , Huntenburg Angela , Counts‐Allan Carla , Schmeelk Kelly M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe study provided a preliminary test of the intergenerational continuity of maternal psychopathic features in a non‐referred elementary aged sample of children. Consistent with dominant etiological models and recent behavioral genetics research, a direct association was expected between maternal and child affective features of psychopathy (i.e., callous–unemotional or CU traits). Potential mediators representative of alternative transmission mechanisms were assessed including parenting dysfunction, parental hostility/interpersonal insensitivity, and child impulsivity. Behavioral features of psychopathy were also assessed and were predicted to bear weaker and more indirect parent–child associations. A mixed sex sample of 83 children accompanied by a biological mother were administered a multi‐informant rating‐scale battery including separate parent (i.e., Levenson Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale) and child (i.e., Antisocial Process Screening Device) measures of psychopathy. Consistent with prediction, a significant association was documented between maternal and child CU traits (r=.22). Additionally, a slightly weaker association and statistical trend (r=.21) was observed in the relation between maternal and child interpersonal features of the psychopathy construct. Contrary to prediction, all documented associations were fully mediated by parental hostility and parenting dysfunction. Given the preliminary nature of study findings, implications for developmental modeling and future intergenerational continuity research are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 33:14–25, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss; Inc.
Empathy and conflict resolution in friendship relations among adolescents
Authors: de Wied Minet , Branje Susan J.T. , Meeus Wim H.J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe present study addressed empathy's role in conflict resolution within the context of adolescent same‐sex friendship relations. Self‐report questionnaires were used to assess dispositional affective empathy and conflict resolution styles (problem solving, conflict engagement, withdrawal and compliance). The data of 307 adolescents (149 boys, 158 girls) were included in a multigroup path analysis with sex as a moderator variable. In agreement with the hypothesis that higher levels of dispositional empathy are associated with more successful conflict management, dispositional affective empathy was found to be positively linked to problem solving and negatively linked to conflict engagement among adolescent boys and girls. Dispositional affective empathy was not related to the two more passive strategies (withdrawal and compliance). Sex differences were demonstrated in empathic tendencies, with girls being more empathic than boys. Sex differences were also established in conflict resolution strategies, with girls using problem solving, withdrawal and compliance more frequently than boys. Both sexes scored equally low on conflict engagement, however, and were found to prefer problem solving to all other conflict resolution strategies. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research on empathy and conflict resolution. Aggr. Behav. 33:48–55, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss; Inc.
Insight into illness and adherence to psychotropic medications are separately associated with violence severity in a forensic sample
Authors: Alia‐Klein Nelly , O'Rourke Thomas M. , Goldstein Rita Z. , Malaspina Dolores 
Published: December 2006

AbstractViolence towards others by a minority of psychotic individuals is a significant public health concern. The severity of this other‐directed violence (ODV) in the community may be influenced by insight into illness and adherence to psychotropic medications; however, few studies have tested these associations. Sixty male psychotic inpatients, legally detained at a forensic unit in New York City, were assessed with semi‐structured interviews, supplemented with information from hospital and official records, family members and the treating clinician. Results indicated that in this unique sample of detained persons with psychotic disorders; (1) increase in the severity of community violence is associated with medication non‐adherence, all dimensions of poor insight into illness, and several previously reported covariates such as substance use comorbidity; (2) no relationship was found between insight and adherence in this particular sample; (3) multivariate analyses showed that select covariates, along with medication adherence, and select insight domains predicted a total of 73% of the magnitude of ODV behavior in this sample. Overall, medication non‐adherence explained a large amount of how violently participants behaved toward others. Since non‐adherence was independent of poor insight, it may be more worthwhile for clinicians to develop treatment strategies to target medication adherence without directly addressing an elusive target such as insight into illness. Treatment addressing medication adherence needs to concomitantly target substance use behaviors since the latter was responsible for a substantial increase in ODV. Aggr. Behav. 33:86–96, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphate Recognition in Structural Biology
Authors: Hirsch Anna K. H. , Fischer Felix R. , Diederich François 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDrug‐discovery research in the past decade has seen an increased selection of targets with phosphate recognition sites, such as protein kinases and phosphatases, in the past decade. This review attempts, with the help of database‐mining tools, to give an overview of the most important principles in molecular recognition of phosphate groups by enzymes. A total of 3003 X‐ray crystal structures from the RCSB Protein Data Bank with bound organophosphates has been analyzed individually, in particular for H‐bonding interactions between proteins and ligands. The various known binding motifs for phosphate binding are reviewed, and similarities to phosphate complexation by synthetic receptors are highlighted. An analysis of the propensities of amino acids in various classes of phosphate‐binding enzymes showed characteristic distributions of amino acids used for phosphate binding. This review demonstrates that structure‐based lead development and optimization should carefully address the phosphate‐binding‐site environment and also proposes new alternatives for filling such sites.
The effect of heating–cooling cycles on PTCC and NTCC made of FEF/NBR composites
Authors: El Eraki M. H. I. , El Lawindy A. M. Y. , Hassan H. H. , Mahmoud W. E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractElectrically conductive acrylonitrile butadiene rubber compounds filled with different concentrations of fast extrusion furnace black were experimentally investigated. The percolation concentration of the investigated composites was found to be 65 phr. Samples below percolation concentration are PTCC and above percolation concentration are NTCC. Sample N70 that belongs to the percolation concentration exhibits NTCC and PTCC. The effect of heating–cooling cycles shows that samples with high concentration have small hysteresis compared with low concentrations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2837–2842, 2007
Rigid polyurethane–clay nanocomposite foams: Preparation and properties
Authors: Mondal Pravakar , Khakhar D. V. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRigid polyurethane–clay nanocomposite foams considered in this work are made with different clay types and for different clay concentrations. The densities of the foams are in the range of 140–160 kg/m3 with possible application as structural materials and for underwater buoyancy‐related uses. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies confirm the formation of nanocomposites. The compressive modulus and the storage modulus of the foams increase and the mean cell size decreases with addition of clay. However, the hydraulic resistance of the nanocomposite foams, a measure of the strength of the foam lamellae, is lower than that of the foams without clay. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2802–2809, 2007
Preparation and application of fluorocarbon polymer/SiO2 hybrid materials, part 2: Water and oil repellent processing for cotton fabrics by sol–gel method
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Chen Chin‐Lai , Huang Kuo‐Shien 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis research employed different procedures for out water and oil repellent finish on cotton fabrics with fluorocarbon copolymer or its hybrid materials. The experimental results indicated that fabrics processed with fluorocarbon copolymer have larger contact angle for water and oil repellent finish, and the fabric processed with simultaneous bathing of fluorocarbon copolymer/TEOS is the strongest but has poorer softness. Furthermore, when processing with chemical compounds, the processes or orders had little effect on the fabric's angle of contact and bleaching, but had more significant influence on strength. Regarding to washing fastness, after ten‐time water washing, the angle of contact of processed fabrics decreased by about 3%. Overall, the fabric pretreated with TEOS, followed by fluorocarbon polymer, had the best balance of physical properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3019–3024, 2007
Chitosan‐based interpolymeric pH‐responsive hydrogels for in vitro drug release
Authors: Abdelaal M. Y. , Abdel‐Razik E. A. , Abdel‐Bary E. M. , El‐Sherbiny I. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwo series of pH‐responsive biodegradable interpolymeric (IPN) hydrogels based on chitosan (Ch) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared for controlled drug release investigations. The first series was chemically crosslinked with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde and the second was crosslinked upon γ‐irradiation by different doses. The equilibrium swelling characteristics were investigated for the gels at 37°C in buffer solutions of pH 2.1 and 7.4 as simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. 5‐Fluorouracil (FU) was entrapped in the hydrogels, as a model therapeutic agent, and the in vitro release profiles of the drug were established at 37°C in pH 2.1 and 7.4. FTIR, SEM, and X‐ray diffraction analyses were used to characterize and investigate the structural changes of the gels with the variation of the blend composition and crosslinker content before and after the drug loading. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2864–2874, 2007
Effect of fiber‐forming conditions and type of MMT modifier on the structure and properties of multifunctional polyimideamides nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Mikołajczyk Teresa , Olejnik Magdalena 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of fiber‐spinning conditions on the structure, sorption, and strength properties of polyimideamides (PIA) nanocomposite fibers has been examined. Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with octadecylamine was used as a nanoadditive. The properties of fibers containing differently modified MMT were compared. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2940–2944, 2007
Pervaporation of 50 wt % ethanol–water mixtures with poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) membranes at high temperatures
Authors: López‐Dehesa Cristina , González‐Marcos José A. , González‐Velasco Juan R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPoly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PTMSP) membranes have been used to separate ethanol–water mixtures by pervaporation. This polyacetylene is known to present high affinity toward ethanol, showing high selectivity and ethanol permeation flux. The performance of this polymer in the separation of alcohol–water solutions has been evaluated over long periods (572 h) at a high temperature (75°C) to examine the deterioration of the transport properties in the separation of 50 wt % ethanol–water solutions. Although PTMSP membranes present good characteristics for the separation of gases and liquid mixtures, their organic selectivity decrease with the operating time because of the relaxation processes of the polymeric chains, which affect the free volume of the polymer, the deterioration being more evident for concentrated solutions. The effects of the operation temperature on the characteristic parameters of pervaporation have also been studied to establish how this variable affects the performance of PTMSP membranes. The selectivity increases slightly with the operation temperature, but the effect of the temperature on the separation factor decreases as membranes are degraded with the operation time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2843–2848, 2007
Structure modification of isotactic polypropylene through chemical crosslinking: Toughening mechanism
Authors: Bouhelal S. , Cagiao M. E. , Benachour D. , Calleja F. J. Baltá 
Published: December 2006

AbstractReversibly crosslinked isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was prepared in the presence of dicumyl peroxide. The effects of the peroxide oxy‐radicals in the melt were investigated in relation to the modification of the polymer. The dynamic rheology analysis of the crosslinking process was carried out by using a plastograph. The crosslinking reaction was evaluated by the Monsanto method. The resulting structure of the modified samples was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), microhardness, and mechanical properties. The degree of crystallinity of the modified iPP, derived from DSC and WAXS, remains almost unchanged, i.e., the crystalline structure is unaffected, though the lamellar thickness slightly decreases. The impact strength of the crosslinked iPP is greatly improved with reference to that of the unmodified material. A transition from brittle to ductile behavior appears in the modified iPP for all the crosslinking agents studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2968–2976, 2007
Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(N‐adamantyl‐exo‐nadimide) synthesized by addition polymerization
Authors: Liu Binyuan , Li Yang , Zhang Li , Yan Weidong , Yao Shuhuan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe thermal decomposition behavior and degradation kinetics of poly(N‐adamantyl‐exo‐nadimide) were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis under dynamic conditions at five different heating rates: 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C/min. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of poly(N‐adamantyl‐exo‐nadimide) showed that its thermal degradation process had one weight‐loss step. The apparent activation energy of poly(N‐adamantyl‐exo‐nadimide) was estimated to be about 214.4 kJ/mol with the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method. The most likely decomposition process was an F1 deceleration type in terms of the Coats–Redfern and Phadnis–Deshpande results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3003–3009, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of novel, temperature‐sensitive microgels based on N‐isopropylacrylamide and tert‐butyl acrylate
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Song , Zha Liu‐Sheng , Ma Jing‐Hong , Liang Bo‐Run 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA series of temperature‐sensitive microgels based on N‐isopropylacrylamide as the main monomer, tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) as the comonomer, and N,N′‐methylene‐bis(acrylamide) as the crosslinker were synthesized with a modified surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization method. The chemical structure and global shape with an excellent monodispersity of the microgels were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The temperature‐sensitive behavior of the microgels was investigated by dynamic light scattering and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometric analysis. The results show that the volume phase‐transition temperature of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐tert‐butyl acrylate) [poly(NIPAM‐co‐tBA)] microgels were tuned over a broad range by the incorporated amount of tBA comonomer and their temperature sensitivity decreased with increasing content of tBA units incorporated into the microgel network. Furthermore, the swelling ratios of the poly (NIPAM‐co‐tBA) microgels were lowered gradually with increasing tBA unit content within the microgel network. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2962–2967, 2007
Cholesteryl moiety terminated amphiphilic polymethacrylates containing nucleic acid bases for drug delivery
Authors: Shiraishi Kohei , Sugiyama Minoru , Okamura Yoji , Sugiyama Kazuo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPoly[9‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)adenine] and poly[1‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)thymine] with one pendant cholesteryl moiety at the polymer end (PMEA‐Chol, PMET‐Chol) and with two pendant cholesteryl moieties at both polymer ends as terminal groups (PMEA‐2Chol, PMET‐2Chol) were prepared by radical polymerization of 9‐(2‐methacryloyl‐oxyethyl)adenine (MEA) and 1‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)thymine (MET) initiated with 4,4′‐azobis[(3‐cholesteryl)‐ 4‐cyanopentanoate] in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol or thiocholesterol as chain transfer reagents, respectively. The copolymers [PNiPAAm‐co‐PMEA‐nChol (n = 1,2)] composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NiPAAm) and MEA were also prepared in a similar manner. The self‐organization of these polymers and copolymers was confirmed by a fluorescence measurement, and then their critical concentrations of micelle formation (CMC) were determined. The mixture of PMEA‐2Chol and cholesterol as a lipophilic drug model formed a lamella type of complex with an interplaner spacing of d = 35.3 Å. The hypochromism based on the formation of a 1 : 1 interaction of adenine and thymine moieties was found to appear in the mixed aqueous solution of PMEA‐Chol and PMET‐Chol. Complementary interactions were also confirmed in the system of PMET‐2Chol and adenosine as well as PMEA‐2Chol and uridine. Cis‐dichlorodiammine platinum(II) (CDDP) was bound to PNiPAAm‐co‐PMEA‐Chol through the adenine moiety by ligand substitution atoms of CDDP. The amount of CDDP loaded on the copolymer was found to be 0.143 g g−1. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3064–3075, 2007
UV photo‐stabilization of tetrabutyl titanate for aramid fibers via sol–gel surface modification
Authors: Xing Yanjun , Ding Xin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTetrabutyl titanate was used as sol–gel precursor of a nanosized TiO2 coating to improve the photo‐stability of aramid fibers. The nanosized TiO2 coating was characterized by XRD and XPS. The influence of the TiO2 coating on photo‐stability of aramid fibers was investigated by an accelerated photo‐ageing method. The photo‐stability of aramid fiber showed obvious improvement after coating. After 156 h of UV exposure, the coated fibers showed less deterioration in mechanical properties with the retained tensile strength and elongation at break greater than 36 and 50% of the original values, respectively, whereas the uncoated fibers degraded completely and became powdery. SEM analysis showed no significant surface morphological change on the coated fiber after the exposure, while some latitudinal crack fractures appeared on the uncoated aramid fiber. The effect of the nanosized TiO2 coating was also well demonstrated by examining the difference of distributions of C1s in XPS deconvolution analysis on the surface of uncoated/coated fibers with increasing UV exposure time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3113–3119, 2007
Investigation on process parameters of electrospinning system through orthogonal experimental design
Authors: Cui Wenguo , Li Xiaohong , Zhou Shaobing , Weng Jie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractElectrospinning is a very simple and versatile method of creating polymer‐based high‐functional and high‐performance nanofibers. But most of the investigations are not systematic and describe the electrospinning process without quantitative accuracy. Inconsistent and even opposite results have been reported, which has hindered the consistent interpretation of the experiments. Orthogonal experimental method was used to investigate qualitative and quantitative correlations between fiber characteristics (diameters and morphologies) and the processing and materials parameters. Uniform fibers can be obtained without any beads by proper selection of the processing parameters, and a lower glass transition temperature was observed for electrospun fibers than that of native polymer. Results of statistical analysis showed that significant influences were observed for polymer molecular weight and solution concentration on fiber diameters, and there were significant effects of polymer molecular weight, solution concentration, and solvent system on fiber morphologies. Meanwhile, solution concentration and polymer molecular weight, and polymer molecular weight and solvent system had obvious interaction effects. Regression analysis revealed quantitative relations of fiber diameters and beads percent, that is, Y1 = 72.8X1 − 8.1X2 + 138.8, Y2 = −3.2X1 + 0.4X2 + 60.5, where Y1 is fiber diameter (nm), Y2 beads percent (%), X1 solution concentration (%, w/w), and X2 polymer molecular weight (kDa). Validation test showed that the experimental values of fiber size and beads percent were in good agreement with the calculated ones. Based on these results, optimal conditions could be obtained for predetermined diameters and morphologies for electrospun fibers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3105–3112, 2007
Peroxide crosslinking of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Thomas N. L. , Zheng X. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe optimum conditions for crosslinking rigid poly(vinyl chloride) with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and peroxide have been examined. The extent of crosslinking was measured by determining gel content by Soxhlet extraction in tetrahydrofuran. Mechanical properties were measured at 130°C and dynamic viscoelastic measurements were carried out to detect changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg). It was found that 15 phr of TMPTMA and 0.3 phr of peroxide were optimum concentrations for maximizing the extent of crosslinking, tensile strength, and Tg. The lower molding temperature of 170°C was preferred to minimize thermal degradation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2904–2909, 2007