bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced local recurrence of a single brain metastasis through microscopic total resection
Authors: Yoo Heon , Kim Young Zoon , Nam Byung Ho , Shin Sang Hoon , Yang Hee Seok , Lee Jin Soo , Zo Jae Il , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: December 2008

Object
The goal of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic impact of the resection of metastatic brain tumor cells infiltrating adjacent brain parenchyma.

Methods
Between July 2001 and February 2007, 94 patients (67 males and 27 females, with a mean age of 55.0 ±12.0 years) underwent resection of a single brain metastasis, followed by systemic chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. In 43 patients with tumors located in noneloquent areas, the authors performed microscopic total resections (MTRs) that included tumor cells infiltrating adjacent brain parenchyma, and they pathologically confirmed during surgery that the resection margins were free of tumor cells (MTR group). In 51 patients with lesions in eloquent locations, gross-total resections (GTRs) were performed without the removal of neighboring brain parenchyma (GTR group). The 2 groups were then compared for local recurrence and survival.

Results
The MTR group had better local control of the tumor than did the GTR group; 10 (23.3%) of 43 patients in the MTR group and 22 (43.1%) of 51 patients in the GTR group had a local recurrence (p = 0.04). The median time to tumor progression in the MTR group could not be calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, whereas it was 11.4 months in the GTR group. The 1- and 2-year respective local recurrence rates were 29.1 and 29.1% in the MTR group and 58.6 and 63.2% in the GTR group (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the MTR procedure was associated with a decreased risk of local recurrence (p = 0.003). A Cox regression analysis revealed that the hazard ratio for a local recurrence in the MTR group versus the GTR group was 3.14 (95% CI 1.47–6.72, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the local recurrence rate between the MTR group without radiotherapy (10 [30.3%] of 33) and the GTR group with postoperative radiotherapy (5 [26.3%] of 19).

Conclusions
The results in this study suggest that MTRs including tumor cells infiltrating adjacent brain parenchyma for a single brain metastasis provide better local tumor control.
Anosmia after endovascular and open surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Moman Maaike R. , Verweij Bon H. , Buwalda Joeri , Rinkel Gabriël J. E. 
Published: December 2008

Object
Patients treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often report a loss of smell. To discriminate between the effects of aneurysmal rupture and treatment, the authors assessed the occurrence of anosmia after clipping and coiling of unruptured aneurysms as well as after the coiling of ruptured aneurysms.

Methods
The authors interviewed patients in whom an unruptured aneurysm was treated by clipping (32 cases) or endovascular coiling (26 cases) as well as patients with SAH who underwent coil therapy (32 cases). A geographically defined subset of 20 patients per group was invited to undergo olfactory testing.

Results
Nine clip-treated patients (28% [95% CI 14–47%]) in the unruptured group reported having anosmia, and no coil-treated patient in the unruptured group (95% [CI 0–13%]) reported having anosmia; in the SAH group, 7 patients (22% [95% CI 9–40%]) reported having anosmia. Anosmia had improved over time in 3 of the clip-treated patients and in all but 1 of the patients with SAH. Examination revealed olfactory disturbance in 13 (65% [95% CI 41–85%]) of the clip-treated and 8 (42% [95% CI 20–67%]) of the coil-treated patients with unruptured aneurysms, and also in 7 (35% [95% CI 15–59%]) coil-treated patients with SAH. In 20 patients who underwent clip therapy for unruptured aneurysms, 19 (95% [95% CI 75–100%]) had olfactory dysfunction on the side ipsilateral to surgery (anosmia reported by 8 of them).

Conclusions
Both clip treatment and SAH contribute to the occurrence of anosmia, with different chances of improvement. Olfactory dysfunction occurs in almost all patients on the side of surgery and can occur subclinically after coil deployment.
Intracranial electroencephalography seizure onset patterns and surgical outcomes in nonlesional extratemporal epilepsy
Authors: Wetjen Nicholas M. , Marsh W. Richard , Meyer Fredric B. , Cascino Gregory D. , So Elson , Britton Jeffrey W. , Stead S. Matthew , Worrell Gregory A. 
Published: December 2008

Object
Patients with normal MR imaging (nonlesional) findings and medically refractory extratemporal epilepsy make up a disproportionate number of nonexcellent outcomes after epilepsy surgery. In this paper, the authors investigated the usefulness of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in the identification of surgical candidates.

Methods
Between 1992 and 2002, 51 consecutive patients with normal MR imaging findings and extratemporal epilepsy underwent intracranial electrode monitoring. The implantation of intracranial electrodes was determined by seizure semiology, interictal and ictal scalp EEG, SPECT, and in some patients PET studies. The demographics of patients at the time of surgery, lobar localization of electrode implantation, duration of follow-up, and Engel outcome score were abstracted from the Mayo Rochester Epilepsy Surgery Database. A blinded independent review of the iEEG records was conducted for this study.

Results
Thirty-one (61%) of the 51 patients who underwent iEEG ultimately underwent resection for their epilepsy. For 28 (90.3%) of the 31 patients who had epilepsy surgery, adequate information regarding follow-up (> 1 year), seizure frequency, and iEEG recordings was available. Twenty-six (92.9%) of 28 patients had frontal lobe resections, and 2 had parietal lobe resections. The most common iEEG pattern at seizure onset in the surgically treated group was a focal high-frequency discharge (in 15 [53.6%] of 28 patients). Ten (35.7%) of the 28 surgically treated patients were seizure free. Fourteen (50%) had Engel Class I outcomes, and overall, 17 (60.7%) had significant improvement (Engel Class I and IIAB with ≥80% seizure reduction). Focal high-frequency oscillation at seizure onset was associated with Engel Class I surgical outcome (12 [85.7%] of 14 patients, p = 0.02), and it was uncommon in the nonexcellent outcome group (3 [21.4%] of 14 patients).

Conclusions
A focal high-frequency oscillation (> 20 Hz) at seizure onset on iEEG may identify patients with nonlesional extratemporal epilepsy who are likely to have an Engel Class I outcome after epilepsy surgery. The prospect of excellent outcome in nonlesional extratemporal lobe epilepsy prior to intracranial monitoring is poor (14 [27.5%] of 51 patients). However, iEEG can further stratify patients and help identify those with a greater likelihood of Engel Class I outcome after surgery.
Tailored Mesoporosity Development in Zeolite Crystals by Partial Detemplation and Desilication
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Abelló Sònia , Bonilla Adriana , Groen Johan C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPartial detemplation of zeolites followed by desilication in alkaline medium is demonstrated as a powerful and elegant approach to design hierarchical zeolites with tailored degree of mesoporosity. This achievement, illustrated for large beta crystals, is based on the fact that the template‐containing zeolite is virtually inert to Si leaching upon treatment in aqueous NaOH solutions. Partial removal of the structure‐directing agent creates regions in the crystal susceptible to mesopore formation by subsequent desilication, while template‐containing regions are protected from silicon extraction. Variation of the calcination temperature in the range 230–550 °C determines the amount of template removed and enables control of the extent of mesopore formation in the zeolite (20–230 m2 g−1) upon alkaline treatment. The functionality of the introduced mesoporosity in the hierarchical beta crystals is demonstrated by the improved performance in the catalytic pyrolysis of low‐density polyethylene. The partial detemplation–desilication treatment enhances the tuning options of this demetallation method.
Highly Fluorescent Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for On‐Chip Temperature Measurements
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Yan Hui , Zheng Yizhe , Wu Hongkai 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis work describes a convenient method to generate a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composite containing ZnO quantum dots (QDs) for whole‐chip temperature measurements. This composite is highly fluorescent and very sensitive to temperature changes (0.4 nm °C−1, compared to 0.1 nm °C−1 in commonly used CdSe QDs). It also shows extremely high fluorescent stability under various conditions over long time without phase separation or fluorescent changes. Both merits make this composite an ideal material for sensing temperature changes on microfluidic chips. The bonding between the QDs and PDMS is studied by comparing PDMS composites with ZnO QDs of different sizes, and a model is given to elucidate the high stability of this composite.
Unique Versatility of Ionic Liquids as Clean Decarboxylation Catalyst Cum Solvent: A Metal‐ and Quinoline‐Free Paradigm towards Synthesis of Indoles, Styrenes, Stilbenes and Arene Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation in Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Naina , Kumar Vinod , Sinha Arun K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIonic liquids have been found to provide a new platform for metal‐ and quinoline‐free decarboxylation of various N‐heteroaryl and aryl carboxylic acids under microwave irradiation in aqueous condition. The method was found to possess a wide substrate scope towards the synthesis of various pharmacologically and industrially important aromatic compounds including indoles, styrenes, stilbenes, and nitro‐ or hydroxyarene derivatives. The decarboxylation of indole and α‐phenylcinnamic acids proceeded well without addition of any catalyst in neat 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([hmim]Br) and 1‐methylimidazolium p‐toluenesulfonic acid ([Hmim]PTSA), respectively, while addition of a mild base like aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) to [hmim]Br further improved the decarboxylation of hydroxylated cinnamic and aromatic acid substrates. The developed methodology not only precludes the usage of toxic metal/quinoline and harsh organic bases but also offers several inherent benefits like recyclability of reagent system, reduction in waste and hazards, short reaction time besides ease of product recovery.
Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and risk for peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Ellis Ronald J. , Marquie‐Beck Jennifer , Delaney Patrick , Alexander Terry , Clifford David B. , McArthur Justin C. , Simpson David M. , Ake Christopher , Collier Ann C. , Gelman Benjamin B. , McCutchan J. Allen , Morgello Susan , Grant Igor 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTwo recent analyses found that exposure to protease inhibitors (PIs) in the context of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy increased the risk for distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These findings were supported by an in vitro model in which PI exposure produced neurite retraction and process loss in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. Confirmation of peripheral nerve toxicity with PIs could substantially limit their long‐term use in highly active ARV therapy.MethodsWe evaluated current and past exposure to PIs as a risk factor for DSPN in 1,159 HIV‐infected individuals enrolled in a large, prospective, observational, multicenter study. Signs of DSPN were ascertained by neurological examination. Subjects were grouped into categories according to past and current exposure to any ARV and to PIs. We included disease indicators such as nadir CD4, plasma viral load, and duration of HIV infection, as well as advancing age and exposure to dideoxynucleoside ARVs in multivariate models.ResultsIn univariate analyses, both past and current PI exposure significantly increased the risk for DSPN. However, after adjusting for previously validated concomitant risk factors in multivariate models, none of the PI exposure groups was more likely to have DSPN than ARV naive subjects. A secondary evaluation of duration of PI use and exposure to individual PI drugs was similarly nonsignificant in multivariate models, except for small effects of amprenavir and lopinavir.InterpretationEvaluation of concomitant risks for HIV DSPN suggests that the independent risk attributable to PIs, if any, is small. This risk must be weighed against the important role of PIs in modern ARV therapy regimens. Ann Neurol 2008;64:566–572
Mitochondrial function and morphology are impaired in parkin‐mutant fibroblasts
Authors: Mortiboys Heather , Thomas Kelly Jean , Koopman Werner J. H. , Klaffke Stefanie , Abou‐Sleiman Patrick , Olpin Simon , Wood Nicholas W. , Willems Peter H. G. M. , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Cookson Mark R. , Bandmann Oliver 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThere are marked mitochondrial abnormalities in parkin‐knock‐out Drosophila and other model systems. The aim of our study was to determine mitochondrial function and morphology in parkin‐mutant patients. We also investigated whether pharmacological rescue of impaired mitochondrial function may be possible in parkin‐mutant human tissue.MethodsWe used three sets of techniques, namely, biochemical measurements of mitochondrial function, quantitative morphology, and live cell imaging of functional connectivity to assess the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the outer shape and connectivity of the mitochondria, and their functional inner connectivity in fibroblasts from patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous parkin mutations.ResultsParkin‐mutant cells had lower mitochondrial complex I activity and complex I–linked adenosine triphosphate production, which correlated with a greater degree of mitochondrial branching, suggesting that the functional and morphological effects of parkin are related. Knockdown of parkin in control fibroblasts confirmed that parkin deficiency is sufficient to explain these mitochondrial effects. In contrast, 50% knockdown of parkin, mimicking haploinsufficiency in human patient tissue, did not result in impaired mitochondrial function or morphology. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays demonstrated a lower level of functional connectivity of the mitochondrial matrix, which further worsened after rotenone exposure. Treatment with experimental neuroprotective compounds resulted in a rescue of the mitochondrial membrane potential.InterpretationOur study demonstrates marked abnormalities of mitochondrial function and morphology in parkin‐mutant patients and provides proof‐of‐principle data for the potential usefulness of this new model system as a tool to screen for disease‐modifying compounds in genetically homogenous parkinsonian disorders. Ann Neurol 2008;64:555–565
Prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Successive emergence of the clinical symptoms
Authors: Amieva Hélène , Le Goff Mélanie , Millet Xavier , Orgogozo Jean Marc , Pérès Karine , Barberger‐Gateau Pascale , Jacqmin‐Gadda Hélène , Dartigues Jean François 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveWhereas cognitive deficits are known to be detectable long before the typical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are evident, previous studies have failed to determine when cognitive functioning actually begins to decline before dementia. Utilizing the long follow‐up of the PAQUID study, we examined the emergence of the first clinical symptoms over a 14‐year period of follow‐up before the dementia phase of AD.MethodsThis study relies on a case–control sample selected from the PAQUID cohort. Of the 3,777 initial subjects of the cohort, 350 subjects experienced development of AD during the 14 years of follow‐up. The cases were matched to 350 elderly control subjects. The evolution of scores on cognitive, functional, and depression scales was described throughout the 14‐year follow‐up using a semiparametric extension of the mixed‐effects linear model.ResultsThe first decline in cognitive performances appeared as early as 12 years before dementia in measures of semantic memory and conceptual formation. Then, more global deficits appeared that were concomitant with an increase in memory complaints and depressive symptoms. About 2 years later, as a consequence of cognitive dysfunction, the subjects started to become slightly dependent in their activities of daily living. In the last 3 years, the impairment significantly worsened until the subjects reached the dementia phase.InterpretationThis approach, describing the 14 years preceding dementia, provides a clear illustration of the particularly long and progressive prodromal phase of AD, and shows the successive emergence of cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment during this phase. Ann Neurol 2008;64:492–498
Detection of isolated cerebrovascular β‐amyloid with pittsburgh compound B
Authors: Greenberg Steven M. , Grabowski Thomas , Gurol M. Edip , Skehan Maureen E. , Nandigam R. N. Kaveer , Becker John A. , Garcia‐Alloza Monica , Prada Claudia , Frosch Matthew P. , Rosand Jonathan , Viswanathan Anand , Smith Eric E. , Johnson Keith A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImaging of cerebrovascular β‐amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy) is complicated by the nearly universal overlap of this pathology with Alzheimer's pathology. We performed positron emission tomographic imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B on 42‐year‐old man with early manifestations of Iowa‐type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a form of the disorder with little or no plaque deposits of fibrillar β‐amyloid. The results demonstrated increased Pittsburgh Compound B retention selectively in occipital cortex, sparing regions typically labeled in Alzheimer's disease. These results offer compelling evidence that Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography can noninvasively detect isolated cerebral amyloid angiopathy before overt signs of tissue damage such as hemorrhage or white matter lesions. Ann Neurol 2008;64:587–591
Traveling the Vitamin B12 Pathway: Oral Delivery of Protein and Peptide Drugs
Authors: Petrus Amanda K. , Fairchild Timothy J. , Doyle Robert P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOral routes of administration for therapeutic peptides and proteins face two major barriers: proteolytic degradation in the stomach and an inadequate absorption mechanism for polypeptides within the intestinal lumen. As a result, peptide‐based therapeutics are administered by injection, a painful process associated with lower patient compliance. The development of a means of overcoming these two major obstacles and enabling the successful delivery of peptide therapeutics by the oral route of administration has therefore been the target of extensive scientific endeavor. This Minireview focuses on oral peptide/protein delivery by the dietary uptake pathway for vitamin B12. Recent progress in this field includes the delivery of erythropoietin, granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor, luteinizing‐hormone‐releasing hormone, and insulin.
Drug Delivery by Soft Matter: Matrix and Vesicular Carriers
Authors: Soussan Elodie , Cassel Stéphanie , Blanzat Muriel , Rico‐Lattes Isabelle 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe increasing need for drug delivery systems that improve specificity and activity and at the same time reduce toxicity to ensure maximum treatment safety has led to the development of a great variety of drug vectors. Carriers based on soft matter have particularly interesting characteristics. Herein we present the current standing of the research in this area, and focus on two main families, namely matrix systems and vesicles. We outline the structure, properties, and potential applications of these vectors, and discuss their main advantages and drawbacks in their synthesis.
In vitro release of rifampicin and biocompatibility of oleoylchitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yan Yan , Chen Xi Guang , Zhang Jing , Liu Cheng Sheng , Xue Yu Ping , Sun Gang Zheng , Zhang Wei Fen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOleoylchitosan (OCS) self‐assembled nanoparticles as a carrier system for hydrophobic drug delivery was proposed. The OCS nanoparticles were prepared by an o/w emulsification method. Mean diameter of the OCS nanoparticles was around 275.3 nm. All the OCS and OCS nanoparticles have good biocompatibility from the cytotoxicity testing and erythrocyte toxicity assay. And the biocompatibility of OCS nanoparticles was better than OCS. Rifampicin, as a model drug, was investigated for its release properties in vitro. The release of rifampicin from solution with pH 6.0 and 6.8 was characterized by a faster release than from solution with pH 3.8. The increase of sodium tripolyphosphate could slower the release of drug. The sample with low concentration of rifampicin, released faster and entirely. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A Marquesan coral reef (French Polynesia) in historical context: an integrated socio‐ecological approach
Authors: Aswani Shankar , Allen Melinda S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Marine biologists are increasingly aware of the impact that even small human populations can have on coral reefs around the world, while conservationists and fisheries managers have a growing appreciation of the importance of culturally informed management strategies in coral reef conservation efforts. Despite these recognitions, however, examples of integrated field studies are limited.
In this paper evidence from various disciplines is used to study the interaction between humans and one of the largest reefs in the Marquesas Islands, at Anaho Bay, Nuku Hiva Island, with the aim of assessing possible anthropogenic impacts over time.
First, it reports on a marine biological survey of the benthic substrates of the bay and the taxonomic composition and spatial distributions of the local fish species. Second, it draws on results from an ongoing archaeological study and integrates these with interviews of village elders to gain a historical perspective on the reef and potential human impacts.
The biological results indicated that the reef is in a state of decline, although fish densities are moderately high. The archaeological evidence, in turn, demonstrates that human populations have occupied this valley for at least the last 700 years. Throughout this period marine resources have been an important source of both food and raw materials for tools. The archaeological study also highlights aspects of landscape change, both natural and human‐induced, that probably have been detrimental to reef health.
Using the combined biological and anthropological data, this paper considers the nexus of factors that have led to the current reef conditions and considers management issues for the future. Key in this regard are processes that have initiated erosion and soil run‐off, and fluctuations in the local human populations.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.