bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On fumonisin incidence in monoculture maize under no‐till, conventional tillage and two nitrogen fertilisation levels
Authors: Marocco Adriano , Gavazzi Carolina , Pietri Amedeo , Tabaglio Vincenzo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination are serious problems for maize growers. The lack of maize genotypes highly resistant to fumonisin contamination emphasises the need for management strategies to prevent contamination by this mycotoxin. There are conflicting reports regarding no‐till and nitrogen (N) fertilisation practices in relation to the incidence of fumonisins. In this study the effect of no‐till compared with conventional tillage and of N fertilisation rates on fumonisin occurrence was investigated over three years in Northern Italy.RESULTS: The average contamination of grain by fumonisins B1 and B2 over the three years was significantly different, with a lower value in 2000 (516 µg kg−1) than in the other years (5846 and 3269 µg kg−1 in 2001 and 2002 respectively). Conventional tillage and no‐till treatments had no significant effect on the incidence of fumonisins. This finding suggests that above‐ground residues infected by Fusarium would not lead to an increase in fumonisin incidence. However, N fertilisation significantly increased fumonisin levels, by 99 and 70% in 2000 and 2001 respectively.CONCLUSION: Maize monoculture does not show a cumulative effect on the occurrence of fumonisins, while high rates of N fertiliser consistently result in elevated fumonisin levels. Both these effects can be influenced by annual meteorological fluctuations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional efficacy of glatiramer acetate treatment for laser‐induced retinal damage in rats
Authors: Belokopytov Mark , Ben‐Shlomo Gil , Rosner Mordechai , Belkin Michael , Dubinski Galina , Epstein Yoram , Ofri Ron 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo functionally evaluate the efficacy of glatiramer acetate (Cop‐1) as a neuroprotective treatment for laser‐induced retinal injuries in rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsUsing standard lasering and flash ERG techniques, we evaluated the effect of photocoagulation and of Cop‐1 treatment on retinal function 3, 20, and 60 days after covering one‐half of the retina with of 23 rats with argon laser lesions.ResultsSignificant neuroprotective effects of Cop‐1 treatment on functional recovery were observed 20 and 60 days after retinal photocoagulation. Two months post‐lasering, the amplitude of electroretinographic signals in lasered eyes (mean±SEM) was 99.5±10.2% of that of intact eyes in the Cop‐1‐treated group and 85.8±5.5% in the untreated lasered control group (P<0.05).ConclusionsCop‐1 immunization in rats is neuroprotective against laser‐induced injuries to the outer retina and improves functional recovery of the injured retina. Studies have documented effective neuroprotective treatment after laser damage to myelinated neurons, but this is the first report of neuroprotection of nonmyelinated neurons. Laser Surg. Med. 40:196–201, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extraocular muscle dystonia due to acquired (non‐Wilsonian) hepatocerebral degeneration
Authors: Ferrara Joseph , Gupta Deepak , Foster Emily , Garman Katherine , Stacy Mark 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present a video report of a patient with advanced non‐Wilsonian cirrhotic liver disease who developed extraocular muscle dystonia (oculogyric crisis) and severe orofaciolingual dyskinesias. Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration causes choreic movements, especially of cranial muscles, but dystonic ocular spasm is an infrequent manifestation of this disorder. This case illustrates that AHD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of extraocular muscle dystonia. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The evolution of disability in Parkinson disease
Authors: Shulman Lisa M. , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Anderson Karen E. , Vaughan Christopher G. , Reich Stephen G. , Fishman Paul S. , Weiner William J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to assess the level of disease severity associated with disability in Parkinson disease (PD) and the sequence of loss of independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs). Six hundred eighteen patients with PD were evaluated for disease severity with the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and for disability with the Older Americans Resource and Services Disability Subscale (OARS). The association between patient‐reported disability on ADLs and IADLs and level of disease severity on the total UPDRS was examined cross‐sectionally. Disability, with loss of independent function is reported between total UPDRS scores 30 to 40, and HY stages II to III. Difficulty with daily activities, without loss of independent function is reported earlier, at UPDRS <20 and HY I to II. Difficulty with walking is initially reported, followed by problems with a number of gait‐dependent activities including housework, dressing, transferring in and out of bed, and traveling in the community. The transition from HY stage II to III marks a pivotal milestone in PD, when gait and balance impairment results in disability in many gait‐dependent activities. The onset of disability in PD can be identified by asking patients about their walking, housework, dressing, and traveling. While individual patients vary in progression, the benchmarks of disability in this study provide guidance when counseling patients about prognosis. Better understanding of the stages of disability may facilitate the development of novel outcome measures in clinical trials in PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Uniform asymptotic approximations of Green's functions in a long rod
Authors: Maz'ya V. , Movchan A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAsymptotic approximations for Green's function for the operator −Δ in a long rod are derived. These approximations are uniformly valid over the whole domain including the end regions of the rod. Connections are established between the asymptotic approximations in a long rod and the asymptotics in thin domains. Overview of asymptotic approximations of Green's kernels in a domain with a small hole and domains with singularly perturbed smooth or conical boundaries is also given. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternating l1 approach to the compressed sensing problem
Authors: Chrétien Stéphane 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this note is to present a simple algorithm motivated by Lagrangian duality and generalizing the l1‐relaxation approach to the recent Compressed Sensing (CS) problem introduced by Candes, Romberg and Tao. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy‐momentum schemes for large deformation contact problems
Authors: Hesch Christian , Betsch P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDynamic contact problems in elasticity are dealt with in the framework of nonlinear finite element methods. A new energymomentum conserving time‐stepping scheme for the mortar contact formulation is presented. The proposed method relies on a reparametrization of the contact constraints in terms of specific invariants. For the time discretisation of the contact forces emanating from the mortar formulation the notion of a discrete gradient is applied. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Breakup of finite fluid films
Authors: Kondic L. , Diez J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study the dewetting process of thin fluid films that partially wet a solid surface. Using long wave (lubrication) approximation, we formulate a nonlinear partial differential equation governing the evolution of the film thickness, h. This equation includes the effects of capillarity, gravity, and additional conjoining/disjoining pressure term to account for intermolecular forces. We perform standard linear stability analysis of an infinite flat film, and identify the corresponding stable, unstable and metastable regions. Within this framework, we analyze the evolution of a semi‐infinite film of length L in one direction. The numerical simulations show that for long and thin films, the dewetting fronts of the film generate a pearling process involving successive formation of ridges at the film ends and consecutive pinch‐off behind these ridges. On the other hand, for shorter and thicker films, the evolution ends up by forming a single drop. The time evolution as well as the final drops pattern shows a competition between the dewetting mechanisms caused by nucleation and by free surface instability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lagrange‐projection scheme for two‐phase flows 1. Applications to realistic test cases
Authors: Coquel F. , Nguyen Q. L. , Postel M. , Tran Q. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe are concerned with the numerical simulation of two‐phase flows representing oil transportation along a 1‐D pipeline. More specifically, we wish to show that, for this kind of problems, it is highly recommended to make use of the Lagrange‐Projection formalism. Indeed, this approach naturally splits the effects of fast (acoustic) and slow (kinematic) waves, thus enabling us to design numerical schemes with many desirable properties: explicit with respect to slow waves and implicit with respect to fast waves. The design of the overall explicit‐implicit Lagrange‐Projection method involves many interesting features, among which the positivity of the partial densities is of utmost interest to us. In this paper, the emphasis will be laid on the motivation and the general philosophy of the Lagrange‐Projection method we propose. Extensive numerical results for realistic test cases are then presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the method
Fractional diffusion equation and diffusive stresses
Authors: Povstenko Yuriy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA quasi‐static uncoupled theory of diffusive stresses based on the time‐fractional diffusion equation is considered. The Caputo fractional derivative of order α is used. In particular, the proposed theory interpolates the classical theory of diffusive stresses and that without energy dissipation. The fundamental solution to the second Cauchy problem for the fractional diffusion equation in a plane as well as the associated diffusive stresses are obtained in the case α = 3/2. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dislocation‐based modeling of size effects in microscale plasticity
Authors: Schwarz Cornelia , Sedláček Radan , Krempaszky Christian , Werner Ewald 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA continuum dislocation‐based model for the size‐dependent plastic deformation at the microscale is presented. An outlook to its application to the single‐slip bending of a thin strip is given. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a new numerical algorithm for the solution of triple deck problems
Authors: Szeywerth R. , Kluwick A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new algorithm for the solution of laminar viscous‐inviscid interactions allowing for the formation of pronounced separation zones is presented. It is then applied to two different types of flows: near critical two layer fluid flow and subsonic flow past an expansion ramp. In the first case emphasis is placed on the formation of so‐called non‐classical hydraulic jump having the distinguishing property that waves pass through rather than merge with the jump. The second problem exhibits the interesting feature that no solution exists if the ramp angle exceeds a critical value while two solutions exists if the ramp angle is subcritical. The new numerical scheme is used to study the change in the flow behaviour as the critical ramp angle is approached. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A least‐squares finite‐element method for viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Westphal Chad 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present a least‐squares finite element method for the steady Oldroyd type viscoelastic fluids. The nonlinear iteration is coupled with global mesh refinement, and locally weighted norms are used to mitigate effects of boundary singularities. Discretization accuracy in a meaningful normis shown to be optimal when using conforming piecewise polynomial elements for the velocity, pressure and extra stress, and Raviart‐Thomas finite elements for the total stress. Numerical results are given for an Oldroyd‐B fluid in a 4‐1 planar contraction. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of elevated dietary cholesterol on pulmonary surfactant function in adolescent mice
Authors: McCrae K.C. , Weltman B. , Alyward S. , Shaw R.A. , Sowa M.G. , Unruh H.W. , Rand T.G. , Thliveris J.A. , Scott J.E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIt has been established that phospholipids and cholesterol interact in films of pulmonary surfactant (PS). Generally it is thought that phospholipids increase film stability whereas cholesterol increases film fluidity. To study this further, we modified dietary cholesterol in mice which received either standard rodent lacking cholesterol (sd), or high cholesterol (2%) diet (hc) for 1 month. Phospholipid stability was investigated by a capillary surfactometer (CS), which measures airflow resistance and patency. PS was collected by bronchiolar lavage and centrifuged to obtain the surface‐active film (SAF). Results showed that the hc‐SAF had significantly more cholesterol than sd‐SAF. CS analyses at 37°C showed no significance differences in airflow resistance between hc‐SAF and sd‐SAF. However, at 37°C, sd‐SAF showed greater ability to maintain patency compared to hc‐SAF, whereas at 42°C hc‐SAF showed patency ability similar to sd‐SAF. The results suggested that increased cholesterol in hc‐SAF induced less stability in the SAF possibly due to cholesterol's fluidizing effect on phospholipids at physiological temperatures. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:426–434. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneously detection of genomic and expression alterations in prostate cancer using cDNA microarray
Authors: Jiang Mei , Li Ming , Fu Xuping , Huang Yan , Qian Hui , Sun Ruping , Mao Yumin , Xie Yi , Li Yao 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is a common disease among men but the knowledge of the prostate carcinogenesis is still limited.METHODScDNA microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and expression profiling were performed to screen the genomic and the expression changes in prostate cancer respectively. The two data were integrated to study the influence of genomic aberrations on gene expression and seek for the genes with their expression affected by the genomic aberrations. Real‐time PCR was performed to evaluate the array data.RESULTSArray‐based CGH detected gains at 2q, 3p/q, 5q, 6q, 8q, 9p, 10p/q, 11q, 12p, 14q, and 19p/q and losses at 1p, 2p, 4q, 6p/q, 7p, 11p/q, 12q, 17p/q, 19p/q, and Xp/q in more than 20% prostate tumors and narrowed these aberrations. For example, the gain of 8q was mapped to five minimal regions. Novel aberrations were also identified, such as loss at Xq21.33‐q22.2. Expression profiling discovered the significant biological processes involved in the prostate carcinogenesis, such as exogenous antigen presentation via MHC class II and protein ubiquitination. Integration analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between genomic copy number and gene expression level. Fifty‐three genes showed their expression directly affected by the genomic aberrations possibly, including more than one member of Ras superfamily and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These genes are involved in multiple biological processes.CONCLUSIONSIntegration of the CGH and expression data provided more information than separate analysis. Although the direct influence of genomic aberrations on gene expression seems weak, the influence can be extended by indirect regulation through a few directly affected genes. Because the influence can be persistent, the genes directly affected by the genomic aberrations may play key roles in the prostate carcinogenesis and are worth further analysis. Prostate 68: 1496–1509, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stabilized polymeric nanoparticles for controlled and efficient release of bifenthrin
Authors: Liu Ying , Tong Zhen , Prud'homme Robert K 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nanoparticle formulations of pesticides have been proposed to produce a better spatial distribution of the pesticide on leaf surfaces, which provides better efficiency. Nanoparticles are well studied for drug delivery and sustained release but not in the agricultural sciences, because of the difficulty in generating stable pesticide nanoparticles with controlled particle size distribution and because the processes to generate nanoparticles are usually costly. In this paper, a model pesticide, bifenthrin, has been prepared in nanoparticle form by using the Flash NanoPrecipitation process. The process involves rapid micromixing to effect supersaturation, and polymer assembly to control particle size.RESULTS: A multi‐inlet vortex mixer (MIVM) was developed to provide rapid micromixing, high supersaturation and rapid nucleation and growth of bifenthrin nanoparticles. Several polymeric stabilizers were tested. With an increase in pesticide loading from 50 to 91%, nanoparticle size increased from 100 to 200 nm. The stability of the nanoparticle dispersions was followed for more than 12 days. The steric stability caused by the corona structure of the hydrophilic block of the polymers prevents nanoparticles aggregation. Ostwald ripening is responsible for the slow particle size growth observed.CONCLUSION: Flash NanoPrecipitation using an MIVM provides a cost‐effective process to produce stable pesticide nanoparticle suspensions. Nanoparticle size depends on supersaturation, pesticide loading and type of polymer. Nanoparticle pesticides potentially provide higher efficiency, better uniformity of coverage for highly active compounds and less exposure to workers, relative to compounds solubilized in organic solvents. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Are azole fungicides losing ground against Septoria wheat disease? Resistance mechanisms in Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Cools Hans J , Fraaije Bart A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere has been a recent rapid decline in the efficacy of some, but not all, azole fungicides in controlling the Septoria leaf blotch pathogen of wheat, Mycosphaerella graminicola. Hans J. Cools and Bart A. Fraaije ask the question: can widespread resistance to all azoles develop in this pathogen? Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanisms and kinetics for preparing carbohydrazide by reacting dimethyl carbonate with hydrazine: A theoretical study
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Feng Lina , Zhang Shaowen , Zheng Hong , Zhang Tonglai , Yang Li , Zheng Huihui 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe mechanism and kinetic modeling for preparing carbohydrazide from dimethyl carbonate and hydrazine has been declared. The geometries of all the stationary points (reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products) are optimized by using the B3LYP method with the cc‐pVDZ basis set, and the harmonic vibrational frequencies as well as infrared intensities are predicted with the same method. The minimum‐energy paths are obtained by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) theory at the B3LYP/cc‐pVDZ level of theory with the step length 0.02 (amu)1/2·bohr. The rate constants are evaluated by using the TST, TST/Eckart, and RRKM (T)/Eckart methods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Pilot‐scale evaluation of in situ cometabolic bioremediation of TCE in groundwater using PHOSter® technology
Authors: Eggers Karl W. , Rees Assaf A. , Siegal Joan , Hobbs Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PHOSter® technology for treating groundwater contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) at Edwards Air Force Base, California. The technology consists of injecting a gaseous mixture of air, methane, and nutrients into groundwater with the objective of stimulating the growth of methanotrophs, a naturally occurring microbial group that is capable of catalyzing the aerobic degradation of chlorinated solvents into nontoxic products. Injection operations were performed at one well for a period of three months. Six monitoring wells were utilized for groundwater and wellhead vapor monitoring and for groundwater and microbial sampling. In the five monitoring wells located within 44 feet of the injection well, the following results were observed: dissolved oxygen concentrations increased to a range between 6 and 8 milligrams per liter (μg/L); the biomass of target microbial groups increased by one to five orders of magnitude; and TCE concentrations decreased by an average of 92 percent, and to below the California primary maximum contaminant level (MCL; 5 micrograms per liter [µg/L]) in the well closest to the injection well. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
Larval fish catches in the lower Milk River, Montana in relation to timing and magnitude of spring discharge
Authors: Bednarski Julie , Miller Shannon E. , Scarnecchia Dennis L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLarval fishes were sampled in the Milk River, Missouri River drainage, Montana from May to August 2002, 2003 and 2004 to describe temporal spawning distribution in relation to spring discharge. Total larval catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) in 2002 (28.9 fish/100 m3) was an estimated 29 times greater than in 2003 (0.99 fish/100 m3) and 16 times greater than in 2004 (1.78 fish/100 m3). In 2003 and 2004 more than one third of the total catch occurred before 12 June whereas in 2002, only 5% of the total catch occurred before 12 June. Marked differences in larval species composition were also observed between years, suggesting that a later peak in discharge may benefit some species and an earlier peak others. In 2002, when flows peaked later (at 77 m3 s−1), common carp Cyprinus carpio represented 37% of the total larval catch. Common carp were proportionally less abundant in 2003 (7.2%) and 2004 (1.4%) than in 2002. In 2004, when flows peaked (at 163 m3 s−1) 32 days earlier than in 2002 but only 15 days earlier than in 2003 (at 73 m3 s−1), shorthead redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidotum and suckers Catostomus sp. were the numerically dominant taxa. These results indicate that the timing, not necessarily the magnitude, of peak spring discharge may influence spawning success in the lower Milk River, as indicated by larval fish catches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.