bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Coiled Tubing Sidetrack in Norway, Gullfaks Field
Authors: Gaaso R. , Gjerde K. , Samsonsen B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Statoil has recently completed a sidetrack drilled with coiled tubing. The sidetrack, the first on the Norwegian Continental Shelf of its type, is 254 m and was drilled from the Gullfaks A platform.
The objectives of the project were to drain a small reservoir pocket and to qualify the coiled tubing drilling technique. Staking out a course for further development of the CTD technology was also part of the job.
This paper will describe how Statoil successfully achieved these objectives with a small project team, intensive experience gathering, dedicated contracting strategy, short project planning phase, continuos dialogue with the authorities and a drilling program based on simple and field proven solutions.
The sequence of operations started with removing the completion string tail-pipe with ID-restrictions. This was followed by isolating the existing perforations in the motherwell and installing a through tubing retrievable whipstock. A window was milled in the 7" liner and a 3 3/4" hole drilled to TD with a build-up rate of 25 degrees per 30 m and a tangent section at 93 degrees. The reservoir was logged using coiled tubing. A 2 7/8" liner was run to TD and cemented. The reservoir was perforated in underbalance.
The well has produced at a rate of 400 5m3/day &gt;50 % water- cut) from one of many oil bearing reservoir pockets in the Gullfaks field.
P. 123
The Effect of PDC Cutter Density, Back Rake, Size, and Speed on Performance
Authors: Sinor L.A. , Powers J.R. , Warren T.M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of cutter density, back rake angle, size, and speed on the steady state wear rate and performance of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters. The analysis is based on laboratory and controlled field testing results at Amoco's Catoosa Test Facility.
P. 131
Drill Bit Seismic: A Drilling Optimization Tool
Authors: Meehan R.J. , Nutt L. , Dutta N. , Menzies J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In recent years a new drilling optimization technique has emerged. Drill bit seismic uses the acoustic energy radiated by a working drill bit to provide time-to-depth and look-ahead information while drilling. This information, available in real time at the wellsite, significantly reduces uncertainty. It enables the depth to casing and coring points to be more precisely defined, leading to elimination of some casing strings and ensuring vital horizons are cored. Integrating the data with other measurements can help in monitoring pore pressure trends, with obvious implications for safety. The technique requires only surface sensors, and does not interfere with the drilling process, hence no rig time is lost.
This paper aims to give a complete picture of the drill bit seismic technique. The deployment of the sensors and methodology for data acquisition are described in some detail. An overview of the signal processing techniques is given, illustrated with real data from both onshore and offshore rigs. The benefits drill bit seismic can bring are demonstrated by means of several field examples, showing how the data can be used to reduce drilling costs and improve efficiency. The current limitations of the technique are also discussed, and possible directions for future development proposed.
P. 177
New Gas Hydrate Inhibitors for Deepwater Drilling Fluids
Authors: Halliday William , Clapper Dennis K. , Smalling Mark 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Low density gas hydrate suppressive drilling fluids have been developed for deepwater applications. These fluids utilize low molecular weight organic compounds for gas hydrate inhibition. Fluid densities as low as 9. 11b/gal can be designed for fluids with gas hydrate suppression greater than 30 F relative to water. These fluids are especially suited for use when low fracture gradients are encountered while drilling intervals where gas hydrate formation in the drilling fluid is possible. In addition, these additives provide greater gas hydrate suppression to drilling fluids than that provided by conventional thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitors.
P. 201
Shock Sub Performance Tests
Authors: Warren T.W. , Oster J.H. , Sinor L.A. , Chen D.C.K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Shock subs are often used when drilling hard rock to reduce the affect of axial vibrations created by roller cone bits, but their affect on lateral vibrations is not well known, thus a series of downhole experiments were conducted at Amoco's Catoosa Testing Facility to evaluate commonly used shock sub designs. Hard rock was drilled with a roller cone bit and each shock sub was tested at two different locations in the BHA under a wide variety of WOB's and rotary speeds. The performance of the shock subs were measured with two downhole vibration sensors (3 axis accelerations), one below and the other above the shock sub to determine the affect of the shock sub on both axial and lateral vibrations.
P. 267
Application of Steerable Rotary Drilling Technology to Drill Extended Reach Wells
Authors: Colebrook M. A. , Peach S. R. , Allen F. M. , Conran G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A steerable rotary drilling system (SRD system) has been used on several extended reach wells at the Wytch Farm oilfield in southern England.
Recently the SRD system successfully drilled the 8½" hole section of the first well ever to have a step out of more than 10km. The record breaking well, M11SPZ/SPY, has a measured depth of 34,967ft [10,658m] and a horizontal departure of 33,181ft [10,113m]. The reservoir section required rotary drilling techniques to be used. Improvements in drilling operations and reductions in cost were made in drilling the reservoir section. This section was geosteered throughout the reservoir with the SRD system giving control of both the inclination and azimuth.
The 95/8" casing was set from surface to 28,986ft. The SRD system drilled from 29,337ft (MD) to TD at 34,967ft (MD). The SRD system drilled a total of 7,680ft in 44 days (this included a side-track for geological reasons) against the plan of 5,548ft in 49 days. This improvement against the plan was achieved largely by the elimination of the requirement to slide a steerable motor in order to steer the well. Continuous rotation of the drillstring helped reduce drillstring torque and drag and improved hole cleaning. This led to more efficient weight transfer to the bit and allowed higher average penetration rates.
New Information Systems Promise the Benefits of the Information Age to the Drilling Industry
Authors: Close D.A. , Stelly O.V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Information Highway, although now ubiquitous in the workplace and many homes, has been slow to pave its way to drilling rigs. The levels of networked efficiency that other industries and academia currently enjoy are migrating to upstream oil and gas industry operations. Once these connections are made, meaningful information can be networked to all appropriate parties involved in the well drilling program. The resulting real-time improvement in well knowledge can dramatically improve the efficiency of wellsite operations.
Some progress has already been made as telecommunications, e-mail and even teleconferencing now appear on some of the larger platforms and drilling rigs. The latest information technology advances increase communication efficiency from the rig to the office, but fall short of the potential benefit that could be achieved with the implementation of real-time well site networking. This paper explores the possibilities of cost effective, real-time networking between the wellsite and all interested parties involved in the optimization of the well construction process.
The paper first sets the scene by revisiting and discussing current and prior efforts to increase drilling efficiency using information systems.
The authors then comment on industry barriers that are currently stifling information system proliferation in the exploration and drilling arenas, and explore possible ways to overcome these barriers. The paper then details a newly implemented information system which uses existing rig monitoring systems and intranet technologies, and thus offers a cost effective and intuitive information analysis network for the drilling operation.
The paper concludes by describing the revolution that awaits the industry as information technologies re-engineer the drilling operation, as we know it today.
P. 337
DP and Operability Capabilities of the Dynamically Positioned Drillship Ocean Clipper
Authors: Webb David L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Sea trials and DP trials were conducted on the Ocean Clipper during June and July of 1997. This paper presents a description of the trials procedure and the results of the sea trials and DP trials. In addition, the instrumentation and data gathering techniques used will be discussed.
DP performance is presented in the form of predicted capability plots. It was hoped to be able to define "maximum" environments directly based on the results of the trials, however, extremely mild weather was encountered throughout the entire sea trials period.
Operability performance, as it pertains to the performance of three different drilling related functions, drilling, setting casing and raising/lowering the BOP, will be discussed. The operability predictions present percent down tine for the three operations for a specific location in the Gulf of Mexico. The expected effectiveness of the Flume anti-roll tanks in reducing vessel motion and therefore increasing operability will be discussed.
P. 373
An Instrumented Bit: A Necessary Step to the Intelligent BHA
Authors: Leseultre A. , Lamine E. , Jonsson A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Downhole vibrations is still a problem to solve because models have failed to be predictive and surface measurements do not reproduce downhole phenomena precisely.
The paper describes the instrumentation of PDC bits with accelerometers, strain gauges and contact sensors. From these sensors it has been possible to produce direct measurements in lime domain and frequency domain of: instantaneous RPM, accelerations along the three axis, downhole WOB, downhole torque, power dissipated at the bit, eccentricity of hole, bit center trajectory, also indirect measurements of downhole estimated ROP, wear, specific energy. Military type micro electronics of the latest technology have been used to integrate evervthing in the bit shank.
With these measurements dynamics can be analyzed : stick slip and whirl are clearly identified. Lab tests have been performed with promising results. Three campaigns have been done in the field to confirm the lab results with different bit profiles in France and UK. Some of the recorded results compare well to the results of existing BHA models. The paper discusses these results and outlines the future developments.
P. 457
Development of a novel Silicone Rubber/Cement Plugging Agent for Cost Effective Thru' Tubing Well Abandonment
Authors: Bosma M.G.R. , Cornelissen E.K. , Reijrink P.M.T. , Mulder G.S. , de Wit A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Large scale well abandonment campaigns will soon become a major cost issue for most Operators. Traditional well abandonment comprises the removal of the production tubing followed by well plugging by mechanical plugs (as primary seal), backed up by (potentially non sealing) cement plugs.
The classical abandonment operation is very costly, especially in an offshore environment, since it requires the utilization of a workover or drilling rig. Significant savings could be achieved if wells could be abandoned by a Coiled Tubing operation, during which the production tubing could be left in- situ.
After long negotiations, a major Dutch Oil and Gas Operator (NAM, Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij), convinced the legislative body of the Dutch Mining Department (SodM) that non workover rig assisted abandonment operations could be equally reliable as conventional abandonment methods provided certain operational precautions were taken. This entailed the rigorous cleaning of the production tubing and production liner by solvents and hot surfactant flushes and the utilization of (rotating) jet nozzles on CTU prior to setting of the sealing plugs. Furthermore, in critical (gas prone) wells special attention had to be devoted to the plugging material itself, since it now had to fulfill the duty of the mechanical seal, as well. Inherently, it had to display much-improved sealing characteristics (gas tightness, resilience, bonding) compared to conventional cement formulations.
Novel Silicone Rubber/Portland Cement plugging materials have been developed for this application at Shell International Exploration and Production, Research and Technical Services (SIEP-RTS). This paper describes the laboratory development and screening (Sealing Ability, Mechanical Characteristics, Setting Kinetics, and Adhesion) of various candidate sealants and the optimization of these characteristics for a large scale well abandonment campaign.
Trial well abandonment's using the new sealing agent(s) in NAM's Schoonebeek and Ijsselmonde/Ridderkerk Fields are discussed.
P. 483
Reviving the Job Signature Concept for Better Quality Cement Jobs
Authors: Piot Bernard M. , Loizzo Matteo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Job Signature concept was introduced long ago but was never widely implemented throughout the industry. This paper will discuss first the use of combining data acquired during the cement job with a simulator to analyze the well cementing process and derive information as to the quality of the cementation. Case studies illustrate the reliability of the simulator and therefore indicate the level of confidence when the same simulator is used for design purposes.
The concept of "job signature" can safely be extended to the evaluation process, and most of all to those cement jobs for which design or execution data are not complete, or extreme well whose conditions cannot be completely simulated.
The systematic use of this evaluation technique relies not only on people's experience and competence, but also on the user-friendliness, availability, and efficiency of the sofiware. Progress in monitoring cement job data and in simulator user- friendliness with the advent of PC-based machines running in a WindowsTM environment, now allow this technique to develop rapidly as an efficient evaluation tool.
Combined with an animated graphic interface, the generalized use of the simulation tools enables the engineer to produce a Job Signature at the wellsite in a minimum amount of time, without requiring expertise in computers or job evaluation.
Finally, further progress of the software in integrating the different simulators (centralization, U-tube, mud removal, circulating temperature) and working real time on the data acquired during the cement job are outlined.
P. 505
Multi-Lateral Well Construction: A Multi-Benefit Drilling Technology
Authors: Winton J.A.C. , Lodder R.J. , Smit A.L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Application of multi-lateral well engineering has been successfully applied as an emerging technology in the Northern North Sea to drain more marginal reservoirs which would otherwise be uneconomic. Calibration of the technique to local conditions is vital and the success in the North Sea offers tremendous follow-on opportunities for global applications.
Following a successful onshore trial, Shell Expro's Northern Business Unit and their lead well engineering contractor, KCA Drilling Ltd, drilled and completed TA-14, a cased hole multi-lateral. This consisted of an appraisal and subsequent abandonment of the Triassic formation, followed by the drilling of two geosteered horizontal laterals into the shallower Brent reservoir. Techniques developed on TA-14 were then employed on an existing well. TA-19, to suspend the mainbore, side-track and recomplete as a dual lateral. Re-entry exists into the horizontal lateral with continued production available from the mother bore. Recently, TA-17 has been completed as a dual lateral horizontal Triassic oil producer with selective production from, and re-entry capabilities into both cased hole laterals. One lateral developed Triassic reserves proven by TA-14 while the other appraised the neighbouring block.
A steep learning curve has been experienced throughout the construction of multi-lateral junctions. This includes the milling and fishing process, management of debris and equipment design. Further well engineering strategies for cementing, clean up, perforating and completions have been developed.
Benefits of the multi-lateral technique are pervasive. Savings on TA-14 type wells can be achieved by applying the technique in a combination of variable and low quality reservoirs in one single well. Slot constraints can be alleviated using the TA-19 technique by side-tracking existing producers at an earlier stage. This strongly accelerates production whilst safeguarding the often underestimated tail production from the mother borehole. By using the TA-17 technique, two objectives can be met from one borehole, which would have otherwise required two new wells.
Lessons learnt have accelerated the evolution of multilateral systems on the Tern and applications have been identified for multi-laterals in early and mid 1998. Other future applications of the multi-lateral methods are expected to involve coiled tubing drilling and water injection wells with a very large economic window of opportunity.
P. 523
Through Tubing Infill Drilling as a Method for Increased Oil Recovery on the Gullfaks Field
Authors: Vikane E. , Samsonsen B. , Lorentzen K.E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Gullfaks Field (GF) has been in production for ten years and 2/3 of the estimated reserves have been recovered. Due to the complex structural geology and the extreme permeability contrast there is still large volumes of oil in closed pockets and bypassed areas of the field which are not economical to develop by conventional drilling methods. The primary drilling program on the Gullfaks A and B platforms are completed and new drilling targets tend to have smaller volume and more risk.
This formed the background of the project "Let one Hundred Wells Flow" (LHWF). A small team of drilling-, completion- and petroleum engineers was formed with the objectives to identify and map small oil pockets and propose economical solutions to drain them. Different suppliers of drilling- and completion equipment and -services gave important contributions to the solutions. The project was performed over a six month period and resulted in identification of 34 targets containing 8.5 10 6 Sm3 recoverable oil.
Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) is considered to be the preferred way of drilling side-track through tubing. This is a fairly well established field-proven technique, it is cost effective and it is suitable for drilling through small ID production tubing.
The first coiled tubing sidetrack has been drilled. The side- track was a success and CTD is now regarded a qualified method on the Gullfaks Field.
P. 573
A Global Drilling Organization: The Role of the Drilling Professional
Authors: Boykin George F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper is the second of two that describe how Amoco's Exploration and Production Technology Group's (EPTG) Drilling organization is meeting the challenge of building a global drilling organization. The first paper described the performance measures, systems and structure we have chosen, and why we believe these are ones that best suit proper application of drilling technology. This paper's purpose is to promote a healthy discussion of the role of a drilling professional, and what drilling organizations should and can do to promote drilling as a profession.
The previous paper discussed the hard side' of the drilling management equation (processes, rewards, strategy, and measurement), this paper addresses the people side of the equation: professionalism, staffing, culture, compensation, and demonstrating the value of people.
P. 581
Experiences on New Types of Drilling Contracts
Authors: Caraballo C. H. , Bastidas G. E. , Torres A. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Today's energy necessities have produced an increment in drilling activities all around the world. Among this situation is the fact that all the operators are trying to minimize cost without reduction in quality. So, they are looking for new types of contracts between all drilling companies, Contractors, services and suppliers. In this paper, we will present some experiences in types of drilling contracts in east Venezuela. It will include some operational benefits and difficulties that will come up while applying each type of contract. It is important to point out the highest commitment of all companies involved versus traditional day-rate contracts. So far, as a drilling contractor new contracts have involved INTEGRATED DRILLING AND WORKOVER SERVICES, with Operator. ALLIANCES with Operator and Major Services Companies. BONUS-PENALTY based in an operational target time. LUMP-SUM with Operator. CREW INCENTIVES with Operator. Another type of contract that is called DRILLING SERVICES MANAGEMENT is just starting to develop soon. Results show that in all the cases, if drilling crew is considered and a higher participation of the drilling contractor is permitted, it has created a structure to add real value on drilling activities. Additionally, the application of each new type of contract depends on operator necessities and the commitment of each drilling contractor and service company to take the challenge.
Technology Improvements in Platform Slot Recovery and Liner Removal
Authors: Bailey T.F. , Neff M. , Wilson T.L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Liner removal to facilitate sidetracking has been proven to be a cost saving solution over drilling new horizontal wells to increase production from existing wells. Most problems that might be encountered when removing casing can be identified prior to beginning a liner removal job. By identifying these potential problems, the proper equipment can be used effectively to keep the job running smoothly. Technical advances in mill design such as the development of a cutting structure that effectively manages the cuttings size and carbide inserts with greater wear resistance have increased the efficiency of the entire operation.
P. 641
Eliminating Heave Induced Difficulties in Critical Multilateral Casing Exit Operations
Authors: Blizzard Bill , Luke Mike 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Advanced downhole milling operations are difficult, if not impossible to perform from a floating vessel. Semisubmersibles, drill ships and other "floaters" maintain heave compensation equipment to accommodate typical drilling operations, however, when weight on bit (WOB) must be tightly controlled, these systems fall short of meeting the requirement. A new technique has been developed whereby rate of penetration (ROP) is the controlling element in milling, not WOB. This ROP approach requires specialized equipment and procedures and was first developed to allow sensitive milling operations to be performed during the installation of a multilateral wellbore junction from a semi- submersible drilling vessel in the North Sea. This paper examines a Subsea Downhole Motion. Compensation (SDMCTM) tool that was instrumental in the success of that multilateral junction.
P. 659
Mobile Offshore Jack-Up Units – The Next Generation
Authors: Rimlinger R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Drilling Technology advancement, reduced time frame from hydrocarbon reserve identification to production and movement to deeper water depths and harsh environments necessitates a reusable Mobil Offshore Jack-Up drilling / production design. The paper will discuss the technological design advancements along with potential cost reductions associated with utilizing a single structure; Jack-Up Unit; performing simultaneous drilling, production and workover operations in harsh environments and deeper water depths.