bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylene Transfer from SnMe Groups Mediated by a Rhodium(I) Pincer Complex: SnC, CC, and CH Bond Activation
Authors: Frech Christian M. , Shimon Linda J. W. , Milstein David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe PCP‐RhI complex 1 a based on the [1,3‐phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(diisopropylphosphine) ligand reacts with [diazo(phenyl)methyl]trimethylstannane (2) at room temperature to give novel pincer‐type phenyl(dimethylstannyl)methylene]hydrazinato complex 3 a. The reaction sequence involves a unique combination of SnC bond cleavage, CC bond formation, CH activation and intramolecular deprotonation of a rhodium hydride intermediate, which results in methylene transfer from an SnMe group to the pincer system and PCP‐chelate expansion. A methylene‐transfer reaction was also demonstrated with tetramethyltin as the methylene source in the presence of KOC(CH3)3 at room temperature. The resulting unstable “chelate‐expanded” RhI complex [(C10H5(CH2PiPr2)2)(CH2)Rh(L)] (L=N2, THF; 4 a) was isolated as its carbonyl derivative 5 a. Heating 4 a in benzene yielded an equimolar amount of toluene and 1 a, which demonstrates the ability of the RhI pincer complex to extract a methylene group from an unactivated alkyl tin substrate and transfer it, via CC followed by CH activation, to an arene. Use of fluorobenzene resulted in formation of fluorotoluene. Catalytic methylene‐group transfer mediated by 1 a was not possible, because of formation of o‐xylylene complex 8 under the reaction conditions. Steric parameters play a decisive role in the reactivity with tin compounds; while iPrP derivative 1 a underwent facile reactions, tBuP complex 1 b was inert.
Alkynyl Expanded Donor–Acceptor Calixarenes: Geometry and Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Hennrich Gunther , Murillo Ma Teresa , Prados Pilar , Al‐Saraierh Hassan , El‐Dali Abdelmeneim , Thompson David W. , Collins Julie , Georghiou Paris E. , Teshome Ayele , Asselberghs Inge , Clays Koen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA number of wide‐ and narrow‐rimmed functionalized alkynylcalix[4]arenes have been synthesized by Sonogashira coupling. With respect to their optical properties, these donor–acceptor systems are treated as ensembles of covalently linked, electronically independent tolane subchromophores. Linear UV/visible and fluorescence spectroscopic investigations revealed that the charge‐transfer character of the electronic transitions in calixarenes, and also the second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties depend on the electron‐withdrawing nature of the terminal ethynylphenyl substituent (NO2, CF3, H). The nitro derivatives display high values of the quadratic hyperpolarizability β. Not only do the (nonlinear) optical properties of the target compounds depend on the number and relative disposition of the subchromophores, but also on the geometry of the calixarenes. In particular, the opening angle of the calixarene cavity can be determined by the substitution pattern of the calixarene scaffold (wide‐ versus narrow‐rim substitution) and the number of the acetylene functions introduced. Both the NLO properties and the conformational issues are conveniently assessed by using hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) in solution, and supported by X‐ray crystallography in the solid state.
Cholinesterase and other serum liver enzymes in underweight outpatients with eating disorders
Authors: Montagnese Concetta , Scalfi Luca , Signorini Ada , De Filippo Emilia , Pasanisi Fabrizio , Contaldo Franco 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to evaluate serum liver enzymes in underweight outpatients with anorexia nervosa (A‐NERV) or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS).Method:Serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cholinesterase (CHE) were determined in 97 patients with A‐NERV, 66 patients with EDNOS, and 56 controls.Results:In the A‐NERV group AST, LDH, and GGT were higher, as compared with controls, and inversely related to weight, while ALP and CHE were lower. AST and GGT increased and CHE decreased in patients with EDNOS. Hypertransaminasemia occurred in 14.4 and 15.2%, and low CHE in 29.9% of the A‐NERV group and 13.6% and EDNOS group, respectively. Three or more abnormalities were found in 9.3% of patients with A‐NERV and 7.5% of those with EDNOS.Conclusion:Abnormalities in serum liver enzymes are common in outpatients with eating disorders plus underweight. CHE might be considered as a marker of the effects of primary malnutrition on liver function. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Ultrasound‐Promoted Reaction of 2‐Chlorobenzoic Acids and Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Docampo Maite L. , Pellón Rolando F. , Estevez‐Braun Ana , Ravelo Angel G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn improvement to the use of DMF as a solvent for the condensation of 2‐chlorobenzoic acids with aliphatic primary or secondary amines was described. A number of alkylaminobenzoic acids and dialkylaminobenzoic acids were synthesized in acceptable‐to‐good yield. The advantages of this procedure include readily available substrates, the use of an inexpensive copper powder without taking any precautions to exclude moisture under mild conditions and experimental ease. Furthermore, this condensation could also be achieved under nonclassical conditions by using ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. We demonstrated that ultrasound‐promoted condensation of 2‐chlorobenzoic acid with aliphatic amines with the use of DMF as the solvent, especially in the case of secondary amines, affords products in high yields and reduces the reaction time to minutes. The results proved to be highly reproducible because the relevant sonochemical parameters were rigorously controlled.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Glycosynthase‐Assisted Synthesis of Xylo‐Gluco‐Oligosaccharide Probes for α‐Xylosyltransferases
Authors: Fauré Régis , Cavalier David , Keegstra Kenneth , Cottaz Sylvain , Driguez Hugues 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn efficient chemo‐enzymatic synthesis involving glycosylation catalyzed by E197A nucleophile mutant of the retaining endo‐cellulase Cel7B from Humicola insolens afforded well defined xylo‐gluco‐oligosaccharides. The synthesis of these complex oligosaccharides requires the use of an enzymatic protection/deprotection concept to allow a single‐step condensation of donors onto acceptors. These molecules were tested as potential acceptor substrates for two Arabidopsis thaliana putative xyloglucan α‐xylosyltransferases expressed in insect cells. Both AtXT1 and AtXT2 catalyzed the incorporation of xylosyl unit(s) onto all of these substrates, but with various efficiencies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Enantioselective separation of azole compounds by EKC. Reversal of migration order of enantiomers with CD concentration
Authors: Castro‐Puyana María , Crego Antonio L. , Marina Maria Luisa , García‐Ruiz Carmen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe enantioselective separation of a group of six weak base azole compounds was achieved in this work using EKC with three neutral β‐CDs as chiral selectors. The native β‐CD and two other β‐CD derivatives with different types and positions of the substituents on the CD rim ((2‐hydroxy)propyl‐β‐CD (HP‐β‐CD) and heptakis‐2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl‐β‐CD (TM‐β‐CD)) were employed. Apparent binding constants for each pair compound‐CD were determined in order to study analyte–CD interactions. The best enantiomeric resolutions for miconazole, econazole, and sulconazole were observed with HP‐β‐CD whereas for the separation of the enantiomers of ketoconazole, terconazole, and bifonazole, TM‐β‐CD was the best chiral selector. The enantioseparations obtained were discussed on the basis of the structure of the compounds taking into account that inclusion into the hydrophobic CD cavity occurred through the phenyl ring closer to the azole group. In addition, a change in the migration order for the enantiomers of two of the compounds studied (ketoconazole and terconazole) with the concentration of HP‐β‐CD was observed for the first time.
Combined implicit or explicit integration steps for hybrid simulation
Authors: Mosqueda G. , Ahmadizadeh M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractExplicit integration procedures have been widely adapted and applied to hybrid simulations of the seismic response of structures due to their simplicity. However, these procedures are only conditionally stable and have limited recent applications of hybrid simulations to simple structural models with few degrees of freedom. A novel integration procedure is proposed herein, in which a fully implicit formulation is applied to solve the equation of motion for the hybrid model, but defaults to an explicit or noniterative formulation in steps that fail to converge. The advantages to this approach are the ensured continuity of the simulation and the reduced accumulation of errors that occur during consecutive explicit steps that may lead to instability. The implicit procedure is applied by loading the experimental substructures beyond the expected displacement for the current step, then using the displacements and forces measured through the load path in the iterative implicit scheme. This approach captures the instantaneous behaviour of experimental substructures without physically imposing iterations. Numerical and experimental simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integration scheme for multi‐degree‐of‐freedom models, especially in utilization of longer time steps that exceed stability limits of explicit methods, prevention of excitation of higher modes, and testing of stiff systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A device for measuring downwearing rates on cohesive shore platforms
Authors: Charman Richard , Cane Tim , Moses Cherith , Williams Rendel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe device described in this paper, known as the traversing erosion beam, is believed to be the first to be designed specifically for measuring rates of downwearing of cohesive foreshores, such as clay shore platforms, under high‐energy wave conditions. It is primarily constructed of Flexlink Aluminium Structural System components and consists of a horizontal beam with a main leg and two further support legs. A sliding ‘dolly’ module is moved along the beam at precise intervals using a longitudinal scale as a reference. The topographic profile of the measurement surface is transferred to the dolly by a vertical sliding steel alloy rod, from which the relative height differences are measured by a separate engineer's digital height gauge placed on the dolly. The main leg of the device fits into a marine grade stainless steel box, which is deeply embedded into the foreshore or shore platform to act a permanent datum. The box is robust and can be expected to have a lifetime of at least a year, and possibly even five years or more.Sample data are provided from a clay shore platform at Warden Point in the Isle of Sheppey, Kent (UK), which demonstrate that the TEB can provide information on seasonal as well as annual rates of downwearing. The device has also been tested successfully on a peat and clay foreshore at Pett Level in Sussex and on a shore platform cut in glacial till at Easington, Yorkshire. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of channel confinement on pioneer woody vegetation structure, composition and diversity along the River Drôme (SE France)
Authors: Dufour S. , Barsoum N. , Muller E. , Piégay H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRiver embankments are one of the main causes of a loss in active channel movement. The knock‐on effects of river channel stabilization include important shifts in the ecohydrological conditions in the protected zone behind embankments, which has already been well exemplified. However, few authors have attempted to investigate changes to pioneer units of vegetation colonizing the active channel following the construction of dikes. As a consequence we studied the structure, composition and diversity of pioneer vegetation units dominated by willow and poplar along the River Drôme in two adjacent, but contrasting, river reaches: an embanked reach and an unconstrained reach, each subject to the same flow regime, but offering very different hydrogeomorphological contexts for vegetation colonization. Our results clearly demonstrate that river embankments affect channel geometry. A reduction in channel width (from between 200 and 500 m to less than 100 m) leads to steeper elevational gradients with an overall coarser grain size and consequently drier overall conditions on colonizable landforms in the channelized reach. Pioneer vegetation responded by colonizing landforms at higher elevations above the low water mark and by occurring in smaller units within the channelized study reach. There was also a reduction in species diversity, a homogenization in vegetation unit structure and a predominance of more drought‐tolerant ligneous species (P. nigra) in pioneer vegetation units in the channelized study reach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal forecast intervals under asymmetric loss
Authors: Demetrescu Matei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn optimality criterion for forecast intervals under asymmetric loss functions is proposed. A loss optimal forecast interval is obtained by requiring that the expected loss, conditional on a future realization within the desired interval, be minimal. The main difficulty in the context of forecasting under asymmetric loss emerges when there is no knowledge about the distribution of the innovations. For solving this problem, an extension of estimation under the relevant loss function is suggested. In many cases, one also needs to account for the additional variability due to estimation of model parameters. Another solution, based on the bootstrap, works for both problems.  Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Point and 5‐year period prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the Cache County Study
Authors: Steinberg Martin , Shao Huibo , Zandi Peter , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Norton Maria C. , Breitner John C.S. , Steffens David C. , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms are nearly universal in dementia, yet little is known about their longitudinal course in the community.ObjectiveTo estimate point and 5‐year period prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in an incident sample of 408 dementia participants from the Cache County Study.MethodsThe Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed symptoms at baseline and at 1.5 years, 3.0 years, 4.1 years, and 5.3 years. Point prevalence, period prevalence and mean symptom severity at each time point were estimated.ResultsPoint prevalence for delusions was 18% at baseline and 34–38% during the last three visits; hallucinations, 10% at baseline and 19–24% subsequently; agitation/aggression fluctuated between 13% and 24%; depression 29% at baseline and 41–47% subsequently; apathy increased from 20% at baseline to 51% at 5.3 years; elation never rose above 1%; anxiety 14% at baseline and 24–32% subsequently; disinhibition fluctuated between 2% and 15%; irritability between 17% and 27%; aberrant motor behavior gradually increased from 7% at baseline to 29% at 5.3 years. Point prevalence for any symptom was 56% at baseline and 76–87% subsequently. Five‐year period prevalence was greatest for depression (77%), apathy (71%), and anxiety (62%); lowest for elation (6%), and disinhibition (31%). Ninety‐seven percent experienced at least one symptom. Symptom severity was consistently highest for apathy.ConclusionsParticipants were most likely to develop depression, apathy, or anxiety, and least likely to develop elation or disinhibition. Give converging evidence that syndromal definitions may more accurately capture neuropsychiatric co‐morbidity in dementia, future efforts to validate such syndromes are warranted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is the Price of survival in Hodgkin's lymphoma? Long‐term follow‐up of cured patients
Authors: Zsófia Miltényi , Katalin Keresztes , Judit Végh , György Székely , Árpád Illés 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper investigates the late complications of cured Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients. Ninety cured HL patients between 1975 and 1994 were examined. The mean ages of patients at the time of diagnosing HL, and the median period of survival after diagnosis were 32 (11–70) years and 18 (10–30) years, respectively. Among the 90 patients, 73 are still alive, there is no information about 9 and 8 patients died, second malignant disease being the cause of death in 4 of them. Relapse was observed in 24 patients, of which 19 recovered after relapse and were included in the study then. Five patients had late relapse. In 38% of patients, cardiovascular changes, while in 32% pulmonary and pleural damages were observed. Disorders of the thyroid gland, overwhelmingly hypothyroidism, were found in 24%. Less frequently, a second malignant tumour (9%), damage to the skin, musculature, bones and genitourinary system (6%) as well as the gastrointestinal system could be detected. Treatment based on modern therapeutic approaches is expected to decrease the incidence of complications. Still the aim is early detection through close patient follow‐up, which may improve the quality of life and decrease mortality as a result. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Egg yolk proteins in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus): purification and classification of multiple lipovitellins and other vitellogenin‐derived yolk proteins and molecular cloning of the parent vitellogenin genes
Authors: Amano Haruna , Fujita Toshiaki , Hiramatsu Naoshi , Shimizu Munetaka , Sawaguchi Sayumi , Matsubara Takahiro , Kagawa Hirohiko , Nagae Masaki , Sullivan Craig V. , Hara Akihiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeven yolk proteins (YPs), four large lipoproteins (YPs1–4) and three minor yolk components (YPs5–7) including one phosphoprotein (YP7), were purified from extracts of vitellogenic ovaries of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) by combinations of hydroxylapatite, ion exchange, immunoadsorbent, and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular masses of native YP1, YP2, YP3, and YP4 were estimated to be 330, 325, 335, and 570 kDa, respectively. The tertiary structures of YP1, YP2, and YP3 revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were typical of teleost lipovitellins (Lvs), consisting of a heavy chain (∼110, ∼99, and ∼97 kDa, respectively) and a light chain (∼30, ∼29, and ∼21.5 kDa, respectively), while YP4 exhibited a heavy chain (∼110 kDa) and two more polypeptide bands (∼70 and ∼54 kDa). Mapping of N‐terminal peptide sequences of the purified YPs to the primary structure of multiple mullet vitellogenins (Vgs) deduced from their respective complete cDNAs, which were cloned and sequenced, conclusively identified YP1, YP2, and YP3 as Lvs derived from mullet VgA, VgB, and VgC, respectively. The fourth YP (YP4) appeared to be a proteolytic variant consisting of Lv and phosvitin components of VgA. Two other YPs (YP5 and YP6) were identified as β′‐components derived from VgA and VgB based on their structures and common, but not identical, antigenicity to salmonid β′‐component, while purified YP7, a phosphoprotein with a high content of serine residues, was identified as a phosvitin derived from VgB. This is the first report, of which we are aware, on purification and molecular classification of three distinct forms of Lv from any oviparous vertebrate. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:324–341, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of rotavirus multiplex RT‐PCR for the detection of G12 strains based on characterization of emerging G12 rotavirus strains from South India
Authors: Banerjee Indrani , Ramani Sasirekha , Primrose Beryl , Iturriza‐Gomara Miren , Gray James J. , Brown David W. , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRotaviruses are the major etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. The commonest G types in humans are G1‐4 and G9. G12 is a rare human rotavirus (HRV) strain first reported in the Philippines. In this study, 13 G12 strains obtained from a community‐based cohort and a hospital‐based surveillance system in 2005 were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of partial nucleotide sequences of VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of VP7 gene sequences showed that these southern Indian strains had the greatest homology with G12 strains recently reported from eastern India (97–99% identity both at the nucleotide level and deduced amino acid level) and less homology with the prototype G12 strain, L26 (89–90% identity at the nucleotide level and 90–94% at the deduced amino acid level). Phylogenetic analysis of the VP6 and the NSP4 genes revealed that the Vellore G12 strains belonged to VP6 subgroup II and NSP4 genotype B. The P types associated with these strains were P[6] and P[8]. A G12 type‐specific primer was designed for inclusion in an established VP7 G‐typing multiplex RT PCR, and tested against a panel of known G types and untyped samples and was found to detect G12 strains in the multiplex‐PCR. Close homology of the South Indian G12 strains to those from Kolkata suggests that G12 HRV strains are emerging in India. Methods for characterization of rotaviruses in epidemiological studies need to be updated frequently, particularly in developing countries. J. Med. Virol. 79:1413–1421, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervicovaginal, oral, and serum IgG and IgA responses to human papillomavirus type 16 in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Passmore Jo‐Ann S. , Marais Dianne J. , Sampson Candice , Allan Bruce , Parker Neelofar , Milner Michelle , Denny Lynnette , Williamson Anna‐Lise 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are obligate mucosal pathogens and typically cause localized infections. The mucosal surface of the genital tract also provides the first line of defense against genital HPV infection. Although local antibody production following HPV‐infection has been demonstrated, their role in protection from cervical disease is unclear. This study evaluated oral and cervical HPV infection and the associated linkage between HPV‐16 oral, cervical and serum antibody responses in 103 women with varying grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We found that HPV‐16 was the most prevalent cervical HPV infection (30/103, 29.1%) but was only detected in 1.1% (1/91) of the oral samples. Both the frequency and magnitude of HPV‐16‐specific cervical IgA was significantly elevated in women with CIN 2/3 compared with women with CIN 1 (P = 0.0073 frequency; P = 0.0045 magnitude). Women with cervical HPV‐16 infection had significantly higher magnitude and frequency of cervical HPV‐16 IgA responses than women without cervical HPV‐16 DNA (P = 0.0002 frequency; P = 0.0052 magnitude). Despite our contention that mucosal HPV‐16 antibody responses within distinct mucosal compartments may be linked, the concordance analysis carried out within and between mucosal compartments and serum suggests that no such linkage exists and that these compartments may be functioning independently of one another. An HPV‐16 specific antibody response in one mucosal compartment in women with CIN is therefore not predictive of a response at another. J. Med. Virol. 79:1375–1380, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.