bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of gastrin release in the dog by α2‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Intorre L. , Blandizzi C. , Natale G. , Intorre D. , Mengozzi Grazia , Soldani G. 
Published: January 2008

1 The purpose of the present study was to analyse the effects of the α2‐adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine and the antagonist yohimbine on gastrin release in conscious dogs.2 Gastrin secretion was investigated under both basal conditions and stimulation by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, food or bombesin.3 Basal gastrin under fasting conditions was significantly reduced by medetomidine and increased by yohimbine.4 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose‐induced gastrin increase was fully inhibited by medetomidine; this effect was antagonized by yohimbine.5 Medetomidine significantly inhibited food‐induced increase in plasma gastrin; under these conditions yohimbine was without effect per se, but significantly antagonized the inhibitory action of medetomidine.6 Gastrin release induced by bombesin was not affected by medetomidine or yohimbine.7 These results suggest that α2‐adrenoceptors play an inhibitory role under conditions in which gastrin release is mainly mediated through cholinergic and non‐cholinergic nervous pathways; in contrast, they do not indicate the presence of α2‐adrenoceptors on G cells of the dog stomach.
α1A‐adrenoceptor subtype mediates contraction of the rat urethra
Authors: Chess‐Williams Russell , Aston Nicky , Couldwell Caroline 
Published: January 2008

1 The α1‐adrenoceptor‐mediated responses of the rat urethra to phenylephrine have been examined in vitro.Phenylephrine caused concentration‐dependent contractions of the isolated urethra which were antagonized by WB4101 (3–30 nM) and prazosin (10–100 nM) but not idazoxan (1.5 μM). Schild plot analysis of the antagonism by prazosin and WB4101 yielded straight lines with slopes not significantly different from unity. The pA2 value of 9.0 for WB4101 was significantly greater than the value previously obtained at the α18‐adrenoceptor of the rat spleen.2 5‐Methylurapidil (30 nM) and abanoquil (1 nM) caused dextral shifts of concentration‐response curves yielding pKs values of 8.3 and 9.4 respectively. Maximal responses to phenylephrine were also reduced by this concentration of abanoquil.3 Preincubation with chloroethylclonidine (25 μM for 40 min) failed to alter responses, but removing extracellular calcium or the presence of nifedipine (1 μM) almost abolished contractions to phenylephrine.4 These results indicate that the responses of the rat urethra to phenylephrine are mediated via the α1A‐adrenoceptor subtype and are dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium.
Pharmacological characterization of the inhibitory effect of (R)‐α‐methylhistamine on sympathetic cardiopressor responses in the pithed guinea‐pig
Authors: Hutchison Robert W. , Hey John A. 
Published: January 2008

1 The effect of (R)‐α‐methylhistamine (R‐α‐mHA), a selective histamine H3‐receptor agonist, on increases in blood pressure and heart rate mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system induced by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, was characterized in the vagotomized, pithed guinea‐pig.2 The frequency‐dependent nature of (R)‐α‐mHA's effect on sympathetic cardiopressor responses was studied at frequencies between 1 and 20 Hz. (R)‐α‐mHA (10–100 μg kg−1, i.v.) produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the stimulated increase in both blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The inhibition was inversely related to frequency and maximum inhibition (BP, 61% at 1 Hz; HR, 50% at 1 Hz) was seen with 100 μg kg−1 of (R)‐α‐mHA. Treatment with the H3 receptor inactive stereoisomer, (S)‐α‐methylhistamine (300 αg kg−1, i.v.) did not inhibit the neurogenic sympathetic cardiopressor responses.3 Pretreatment with thioperamide (1 mg kg−1, i.v.), a histamine H3 receptor antagonist, blocked (R) ‐α‐mHA's inhibitory effect on stimulation‐induced sympathetic cardiopressor responses.4 Combined pretreatment with the H3‐receptor antagonist cimetidine (3 mg kg−1, i.v.) and the H1‐receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (0.3 mg kg−1, i.v.) did not attenuate (R) ‐α‐mHA's inhibitory effects.5 (R) ‐α‐mHA (100 μg kg−1) had no effect on the hypertensive or tachycardia effects induced by adrenaline (1 and 3 μg kg−1, i.v.).6 Treatment with a combination of prazosin (1 mgkg−1, i.v.) and yohimbine (1.5 mg kg−1, i.v.) to block α1 and α2‐adrenoceptors, abolished the sympathetic hypertension without affecting the inhibition of sympathetic tachycardia induced by (R) ‐α‐mHA. Conversely, pretreatment with the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (1 mg kg−1, i.v.), which blocked the sympathetic tachycardia, did not block (R)‐α‐mHA's inhibition of sympathetic hypertensive responses.7 In adrenalectomized guinea‐pigs, (R) ‐α‐mHA (100μg kg−1, i.v.) also produced a frequency‐dependent inhibition of sympathetic hypertensive cardiopressor responses that was not significantly different from intact animals.8 These results demonstrate that (R) ‐α‐mHA produces a frequency‐dependent inhibition of the cardiopressor responses due to activation of the sympathetic innervation to the resistance vessels and the heart. These effects of (R)‐α‐mHA are mediated by a prejunctional inhibitory H3‐receptor mechanism, and an intact CNS is not needed to elicit these effects. The most likely site of action is on the postganglionic sympathetic neuroeffector junction whereas a site in the adrenal medulla, unlike the sympathetic ganglia can be excluded. Furthermore, the inhibitory modulation of the sympathetic tachycardia responses with (R)‐α‐mHA is not affected by α1‐ and α2‐adrenoceptor blockade.
Influence of the baroreceptor reflex on the modulation of noradrenaline overflow through prejunctional receptors in the portal vein of freely moving rats
Authors: Coppes R. P. , Remie R. , Zaagsma J. 
Published: January 2008

1 The effects of alterations in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), as induced by vasoactive drugs, on heart rate (HR), basal noradrenaline concentration and electrically evoked noradrenaline overflow and on blood flow in the portal vein of freely moving rats, were investigated.2 By infusion of sodium nitroprusside or phenylephrine (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 μg kg−1 min−1), MAP was altered over a range of 50 to 150 mmHg. The resulting changes in HR showed a sigmoidal relationship with MAP. Noradrenaline overflow increased linearly when MAP was decreased; when MAP was increased, however, noradrenaline levels only decreased to 70% and reached a plateau from 125 mmHg onwards.3 Nitroprusside (2.5 μg kg−1 min−1) and fenoterol (0.25 mg kg−1) decreased MAP to the same extent (– 46 mmHg). HR and basal noradrenaline concentration, however, were increased to a higher extent by fenoterol (+ 192 beats min−1; + 373 pg ml−1, respectively) than by nitroprusside (+ 78 beats min−1; + 206 pg ml−1, respectively). Electrically evoked overflow was not changed at all after nitroprusside, whereas fenoterol induced an increase to 206% of control.4 Phenylephrine (2.5 μg kg−1 min−1) and angiotensin II (1 μg kg−1 min−1) increased MAP to the same extent (to 155 and 161 mmHg, respectively). Basal noradrenaline concentration decreased by 30% after phenylephrine, whereas angiotensin II increased noradrenaline levels to 226% of control. Evoked noradrenaline overflow was not changed after phenylephrine but was increased to 204% of control after angiotensin II.5 Portal venous blood flow (15.3 ml min−1) was not affected after brisk changes in MAP induced by nitroprusside (2.5 μg kg−1 min−1), fenoterol (0.25 mg kg−1) or phenylephrine (2.5 μg kg−1 min−1).6 The results showed that the electrically evoked overflow of endogenous noradrenaline in the portal vein of the freely moving rat is not influenced by baroreceptor reflex‐induced changes in basal noradrenaline overflow. As a consequence, the prejunctional effects of drugs on the electrically evoked overflow are only of local origin. Portal venous blood flow is not changed by brisk changes in MAP or electrical stimulation, therefore no changes in noradrenaline spillover from nerve terminals are expected. However, the enhancement of basal noradrenaline overflow from numerous peripheral sympathetic junctions as seen with fenoterol and angiotensin II, is augmented or dampened, respectively, by baroreceptor reflexmediated changes of sympathetic activity.
XXXII.:The Predominance of Diatoms in the Origin of Cod Liver Oil.
Authors: WEJDLING KNUT 
Published: January 2008

Brief Summary1. My attempts to find why non‐irradiated Cod Liver Oil coming from a fish living at a depth of 100 meters or more in the sea, where very few rays are acting‐, should have an antirachitic action comparable to that of ultra violet light, give reason to the following explanation.2. The diatoms containing 8 % fat substances included in a shell of siliceous acid, that transmits the U.V.‐rays of the sun, are eaten of even big fish.3. Phytosterol is stated in a considerable amount in the extracts of these diatoms, which are living in the brightest layers of the sea, where the U.V.‐rays of the sun predominate and are acting on the ergosterol (cholesterol combined with fat acid?). The action of irradiation on the lipoidal substances in the living cells was studed by me in an Ultramicroscope with photographic film. In 10 minutes the transformation is clompleted in dark cells, others are »activated» before. The fat substances shine then like silver; the diatoms multiply in that stage – or they die by too long irradiation, still shining after the death. (Vitamins for the deep‐sea fish!?)4. The pigment fucoxanthin, peculiar to brown algae (Fucus, Diatoms) is suggested to be a sort of Bar for the 3 unsaturated carbon linkages in the activated ergosterol. The energy of the lipoid must then be liberated in the moment of depigmentation. The depigmentation is done in 10 minutes in extracts by U.V.‐rays or ozonisation in the dark. This is the time for the production of the effulgence stage of the living algae as well as of the maximal antirachitic action of C.L.O. The danger of too long“ irradiation is pointed out as concerne the antirachitic action. Inactive ozonids are formed (Saturation of unsaturated C‐atoms).5. The presence of 3 unsaturated carbon linkages in antirachitic (and other biological) processes seems to have a deeper energetic value. The relation Ca: P in blood serum by the formation of new bone and in the principal inorganic constituent of the bone is the same, 2:1. If disturbed, this relation is, as stated by others, reestablished (without other alteration of the food) by activated ergosterol (Windaus, Euler).6. The diatoms in question, in spite of being kept in the dark during 5 months possess a considerable antirachitic potency in contrast to green plants. The ev. vitamin D formation in fish is not confirmed.7. The Cod fish must reasonably have a considerable amount of accumulated energy from the sun, because he lives in the dark (more than the little caplin).
Zur Kenntnis der Blutzuckerregulation bei akuter Neben‐niereninsuffizienz bei Kindern.1
Authors: MAGNUSSON Von J. HENNING 
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassung.Drei Fälle von akuter Nebenniereninsuffizienz bei Kindern im Alter von 11—18 Monaten werden beschrieben. Zwei von diesen Kindern starben and wurden seziert. Beide diese Fälle, von denen der eine klinisch diagnostiziert wurde, zeigten eine ausgesprochene Hypoglycämie. Der dritte Fall wurde symptomenfrei entlassen. Auch hier wurde eine unzweideutige Hypoglycämie nachgewiesen. Ausserdem fand sich in diesem Falle eine sicher pathologische Blutzuckerreaktion für Adrenalin. Die in diesen Fällen nachgewiesene Störting des Kohlenhydratsstoffwechsels scheint mir von Bedeutung zu sein für die Stellung der Diagnose akute Nebenniereninsuffizienz.
Les enfants printaniers et les enfants d'automne. Leur évolution d'intelligence.
Authors: LOOFT CARL 
Published: January 2008

RésuméL'évolution de l'intelligence d'un enfant ne dépend pas de la saison, oil it est né; c'est indifférent si in naissance a lieu an printemps ou en automne. Le développement d'un nouveauné est cependant mieux assuré pendant les mois de printemps et d'été, s'il fait beau temps avec des jours ensoleillés; mais comme j'ai envisagé an dessus le deuxième semestre est d'une grande importance pour le développement physique peutêAtre aussi pour l'évolution de l'intelligence, qui en partie dépend du développement physique. J'ai indiqué le rachitisme, seul ou joint aux convulsions spasmophiles, des états dépendants des saisons et des conditions météorologiques; ces maladies là ont peutêtre une influence sur un cerveau dune faible origine. Il faut toujours faire attention à la situation en arrière et en avant; non pas seulement à la saison, où l'enfant est né. L'hérédité est la cause prédominante de l'arriération; cela surtout s'il s'agit des formes légères.Bergen, Norvège, le 15. mars 1934.
Zur Histopathologie des Erythema annulare von Lehndorff und Leiner
Authors: CAROL W. L. L. , van KRIEKEN J. A. 
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassung.Beschrieben wird das histologische Bild eines Falles von Erythema annulare (Lehndorff und Leiner); das Bild ist das einer acuten Entzündung der oberen und mittleren Cutis. Es finden sich Differenzen mit dem histologischen Bilde des Erythema exsudativum multiforme Hebrae und der Urticaria annularis.
The influence of dietary restriction on body configuration
Authors: BAKWIN HARRY , BAKWIN RUTH MORRIS , MILGRAM LILLIAM 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. The body configurations of two groups of infants, of the same economic status and racial origin, were compared. One group, supervised in a special clinic, grew in length and weight as well as did supervised infants from a better economic environment. The unsupervised group was delayed in growth of both length and weight.2. Accompanying the delay in growth of the unsupervised group, statistically reliable changes in body configuration occurred. The changes observed correspond to those which have been described as attributes of the linear type of body build.
Eine mehrere Tage dauernde Funktionsstörung des Grosshirns infolge schwerer Hypoglykämie. Von
Authors: RÄIHÄ C. E. 
Published: January 2008

ZusammenfassungEs wird ein schwerer hypoglykämischer Anfall geschildert, an den sich ein 2 Tage dauernder Bewusstlosigkeitszustand anschliesst, während dessen die vegetativen Funktionen ganz normal sind. Der Zustand geht allmählich in einen unruhigen Verwirrtheitszustand über, und am fünften Tage kehren die psychischen Funktionen vollständig zurück. Als Ursache für den Bewusstlosigkeitszustand wird angenommen, dass in den Hirnzellen Kohlehydratmangel und infolgedessen Stoffwechselstörungen eingetreten sind.
Studies of latent scurvy in infants
Authors: BRÆSTRUP P. W. 
Published: January 2008

Summary.Investigation of the content of ascorbic acid in 75 women and 79 children at birth demonstrates: —1. that women in labour generally have a low content of ascorbic acid serum (average 0·36 mgr. %), if the season when the investigations were made is taken into consideration,2. that the content in the umbilical blood is considerably higher, both in maturely and in prematurely born (average 0·90 mgr. %); it is dependent on the content in the mother's blood, and it is possible to produce a further increase (to an average of 1·71 mgr. %) by the administration of ascorbic acid before birth.
Heparin for Sedimentation Reaction in Pediatrics
Authors: MAGNUSSON J. HENNING , AHNSJÖ S. 
Published: January 2008

Summary.A new method for sedimentation‐reaction by using heparin as anti‐coagulant is announced for use in pediatrics. This method requires a greater amount of blood than the usual citrate micro‐method, but, on the other hand, it offers several advantages.
Thrombopenische Purpura (Morbus maculosus Werlhofii) im ersten Lebensjahre. (Beschreibung zweier Fälle bei Säuglingen.)
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS 
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassung.Beschreibung zweier Fälle von thrombopenischer Purpura (M. Werlhofii) bei Säuglingen. Der erste betraf ein 4 Monate altes Kind mit Melaena sowie zahlreichen Petechien an Haut und Sehleimhäuten und einer Thrombopenie bis zu einer Mindestzahl von 48 000 Thrombozyten. Der Verlauf war gutartig; in 2 bis 3 Wochen waren alle Symptome verschwunden. Beim zweiten Fall handelte es sich um einen 7 Monate alten Säugling mit reichlichen Petechien, mit subkutanen Hämatomen und Melaena. Die geringste Thrombozytenzahl war 61 000. In diesem Fall war das Symptomenbild nach 1 1/2 Va Monaten noch unverändert. Wahrscheinlich wird es chronisch. Bei beiden Patienten fielen auch alle Proben vom Blut‐ und Gefässsystem in einer für die Werlhofsche Krankheit typischen Weise auf.In der Literatur finden sich 5 kongenitale Fälle von thrombopenischer Purpura beschrieben. Bei zwei von diesen wies die Mutter M. Werlhofii auf, bei einem dritten Thrombopenie ohne Krankheitssymptome. Ein weiterer Fall von Werlhofscher Krankheit war in der Neugeborenenperiode (am 6. Tage), und was den Rest des 1. Lebensjahres betrifft, wurden früher 4 sichere Fälle der Krankheit beschrieben.
Zur Kenntnis der kongenitalen Tuberkulose.1
Authors: HAMNE BERTH , GELLERSTEDT NILS 
Published: January 2008

ZusammenfassungNach einer kurzen Übersicht über den heutigen Stand unserer Kenntnisse der kongenitalen Tuberkulose und einer Erörterung ihrer Diagnostik wird über einen einschlägigen Fall berichtet.Das Kind wurde 4 Wochen zu früh geboren. Es war niemals mit seiner Mutter zusammen gewesen, sondern wurde unmittelbar nach der Geburt in die Abteilung für Prämaturen der pediatrischen Klinik des Karolinischen Institutes, Kranken‐haus Norrtull, übergeführt. Eine extrauterine Infektion ist ausgeschlossen. Es starb am 68. Lebenstage unter dem Bilde einer Peritonitis mit palpabler, stark vergrösserter Milz. (Die Mutter starb am 2. Tage nach dem Partus. Path. anat. Diagnose: Tbe. caseosa cavernosa et recens peribronchial, pulm. amb. + tbc. laryngis, intestini, lgl. mesent. et renis).Im vorliegenden Falle musste die intrauterine Infektion amniogen und intestinal gewesen sein. Anatomisch lag näm‐lich ein typischer primärer Komplex im Darm (in der Ileocoe‐kalregion) vor. Von hier aus fand eine portagene Infektion der Leber und wahrscheinlich auch in retrograder Richtung der Milz statt. Sie verbreitete sich als eine spärliche Miliar‐tuberkulose weiter über die Leber auf die Lungen und über das Herz auf die sonstigen Organe. Der tuberkulöse Prozess war ausgeprägt exsudativer Art. Massen von Bazillen waren in den Herden nachweisbar.Es wird die Möglichkeit einer intrauterinen Infektion sub partu erörtert.Unter bislang bekannten zwischen 60 bis 70 Fällen von kongenitaler Tuberkulose ist dies der dritte mit einem sicher‐gestellten primären Komplex im Darme. Von den beiden früheren (MÖLIEK 1918 und GROSSER 1929 ist der Fall MÖL‐
Glycogenosis
Authors: KARLSTROÜM Dr. FRITZ 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYDescription of a case of glycogenosis in a boy barely one year old. The signs characteristic of this disease, especially enlargement of the liver and disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, were present to a striking degree. In addition to the usual examinations in cases of glycogenosis liver puncture was done and provided valuable information. The patient in question died and was autopsied, and the gross and microscopic findings were typical of glycogenosis. Chemical analysis of a number of organs showed that they were rich in glycogen 16 hours after death. On account of the lack of normal standards, it is, however, impossible to be certain whether the glycogen content was pathologically elevated. The microscopic and chemical findings together do, however, strongly suggest that such was the case.A further case is described with tremendous enlargement of the liver in an infant of about 6 months. Aside from the large liver, nothing pathological could be found. It is suspected that this patient also suffered from glycogenosis, and that most of the symptoms had not yet come to light on account of the age.The earlier cases of glycogenosis in the literature are reviewed and a summary is given of the symptoms, course, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and etiology.
Four Cases of Congenital Cardiac Disease
Authors: MANNHEIMER EDGAR , NORDENFELT PER J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary..The authors report four cases of unusual types of congenital cardiac defect.Cases I, II and III can undoubtedly be regarded as malformations of the heart. In ease IV the possibility of an etiology of foetal infection could not be wholly excluded.The difficulty of making a detailed diagnosis of the different forms of congenital cardiac disease in vivo is stressed.The electrocardiographic findings are discussed.
Courbe représentant l‘évolution de la teneur du sang en leucocytes durant la première année de l'existence
Authors: MAGNUSSON J. HENKING 
Published: January 2008

Résumé.Pour la totalité des leucocytes la courbe évolue parallèlement à celles des érythrocytes & du taux de l'hémoglobine aux mêmes âges; elle présente en général des caractères semblables à ceux des deux dernières courbes mentionnées.La courbe des granuloeytes montre en somme les mêmes caractères. Ce sont les cellules granulocytaires qui donnent surtout à la courbe évolutive de la totalité des globules blancs la forme qu'elle présente.Les Lymphocytes & les monocytes ne semblent contribuer que pour une modeste part à la forme de cette courbe évolutive de la totalité des leucocytes.
Investigations on the Pneumonia Diagnosis in early Childhood with special Reference to Serotherapy
Authors: FRIDERICHSEN C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn order to be able to evaluate tbe influence of serum on pneumonia in very young‐ children it is necessary to know from what form of pneumonia the child under consideration suffers, as the different forms of bronchopneumonia have different prognoses.On comparison of the X‐ray with the clinical picture (Fig. I) the bronchopneumonias can be divided into 2 main groups: (I) Primitive pneumonia: (a) hilufugal, b) miliary, c) primary abscess formation). This form is characterized by a great tendency of dissemination in the lung‐ field issuing from the hilus, following the configuration of vessels and bronchi fan‐like outward towards the periphery. (II) The transitionary form: (a) the focal, b) the marginal, c) the partly lobar, and d) the lobar form). It is characterized by a tendency to focal limitation of the process located to different places in the lung. The tendency to form a focus is considered an expression of an allergic defensive process.Fig. I shows that the primitive forms are most frequently met with in children below 2 years of age, that the focal transitionary form is most frequent in children of from 2—4 years, and that the lobar and cronpous forms are most frequent in children above 4 years.
Die röntgenologische Frühdiagnose der Rachitis
Authors: KNUTSSON FOLKE 
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassung.Bei Röntgenuntersuchung frühgeborener Kinder während des ersten Lebensjahres auf Rachitis wurden Hand— und Fussgelenk sowie die vorderen Rippenenden (rachitischer «Rosen—kranz») methodisch röntgenuntersucht. In 36 Fällen wurden rachitische Verändernngen gefunden, und bei 10 Fällen hiervon waren die Voränderungen ausschliesslich in den Rippenenden lokalisiert und die übrigen Metaphysen waren normal. In 18 Fällen traten die Rippenveränderungen früher anf als die anderer Methaphysen und in 17 Fällen ungefähr gleichzeitig mit Veränderungen der Ulnametaphyse, bisweilen auch anderer Metaphysen.Die Rippenveränderungen sind oft völlig manifest, wenn die initialen Veränderungen an der Ulnametaphyse aufzutreten beginnen. Bei leichten Fällen, welche früh auslieilen, können die rachitischen Veränderungen ausschliesslich an den Rippenenden vorkommen und andere Metaphysen sich als normal erweisen, wodurch die Röntgendiagnose ganz von der Photographierung der Rippenenden abhängig wird.Die Rippenveränderungen führen früh zur Deformation mit ausgeprägter Becherform. An der Ulna und Fibula besteht die früheste Veränderung in einer beginnenden schalenförmigen Vertiefung‐der Metaphysenoberfläche und Verwishung der Kontur derselben. An der Tibiametaphyse trat als erstes Symptom oft Spornbildung an der Kante und erst später Entwicklung der Becherforrn auf.