bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterialization of the liver. III. influence of systemic and portal pressure gradients following heterotopic partial liver transplantation
Authors: D'Silva Milbhor , Pirenne Jacques , Glassford Edmund , Mayer David , Bai Sang , Gittes Ruben F. , Lee Sun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn acute study was designed to compare blood pressures across a heterotopically transplanted partial liver graft using arterialized and nonarterialized models. Eight partial liver transplants (PLT) were done in each group, using Wistar rats. The data gathered from them are the basis for the results obtained herein. Whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in inflow, outflow, or the pressure difference across the PLT between nonarterialized and arterialized groups, host portal venous pressures were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the arterialized group. A 1 mm arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was used to arterialize the PLTs in this study. It was proved that arterializing a PLT using a 1 mm AVF did not alter the pressure difference across the transplanted liver compared with the situation in the nonarterialized setting.
Soft tissue coverage of the hand with a free digital fillet flap
Authors: Idler Richard S. , Mih Alexander D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA free digital fillet flap was used to achieve soft tissue coverage of the ulnar border of the hand in a 38 year old man with an industrial fan blade injury to the dominant hand. The use of a digital fillet flap from an unsalvageable ring finger allowed for a one‐stage procedure avoiding donor site morbidity or need for additional reconstructive surgery.
Union memorial hospital experience with replantation: Patterns of change
Authors: Redfern Anne B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe experience with replantation of amputated or devascularized parts of the upper extremity distal to the wrist was reviewed for 1976‐1980 and again in a similar way for 1986‐1989. Comparisons between the two groups were made to look for similarities and differences. Analysis of this experience may help treating physicians, patients, and third‐party payers to make decisions about management of these injuries.
Microvascular anastomoses in replanted fingers: Do they stay open?
Authors: Schmidt David M. , McClinton Michael A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReplantation of fingers is a well established procedure following traumatic amputation. Several studies have documented the functional results of replanted digits. Studies have not documented the long‐term (>5 yrs) patency of the microvascular anastomosis in the replanted digit. Duplex imaging, a combination of B‐mode ultrasound and bidirectional Doppler ultrasound has been shown to visualize vessels 1 mm in diameter. Color enhancement of the ultrasound image is now possible.We evaluated 18 patients with 24 replanted fingers to assess vascular patency. A minimum of five years follow‐up was required for inclusion in the study group. Examination showed a patent anastomosis in every case and a Digital‐Brachial Index within normal limits in 71% of the digits. Microvascular anastomoses in vessels as small as 1 mm in diameter remain open as long as 11 years following completion. The sophisticated techniques of color enhanced Duplex imaging makes long‐term evaluation of these procedures possible in a non‐invasive and accurate fashion. The use of such imaging modalities will have an important role in the evaluation of replanted digits and microvascular procedures in general.
Digital replantation in children: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Ikeda Kazuo , Yamauchi Shigeki , Hashimoto Fumio , Tomita Katsuro , Yoshimura Mitsuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper reports a series of 14 cases of digital replantation in children who had had a total of 17 digits traumatically amputated. All but two digits survived, for an overall success rate of 88%. The length of follow‐up was between 3 and 14 years (average 8 years). Sensory recovery of all digits was satisfactory. The mean growth rate of replanted digits relative to contralateral digits was 86%. Twelve cases had an excellent result, and one case had a good result. Digital replantation in children is recommended when feasible.
Treatment of migraine headache in a postoperative microsurgical patient
Authors: Poon Sharon L. , Lineaweaver William C. , O'Keefe Philip J. , Alpert Bernard S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmediately following a double‐toe transfer to her hand, a 40‐year‐old woman developed a severe migraine headache unrelieved by narcotics. Medical consultation was obtained, and available medical treatments were discussed in relation to their possible effects on the patient's recent microvascular procedure. Intravenous steroids were administered, with resolution of the headache. This case illustrates an approach to the management of medical problems in which treatment options are weighed against their possible microsurgical effects.
Microvascular grafts: Effect of diameter discrepancy on patency rates
Authors: Monsivais Jose J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effects of diameter discrepancy between interpositional vein grafts within a range of 0.25 to 2 mm. One hundred rats underwent isolation of a 10 mm segment of the femoral artery, from which a 4 mm segment was removed. Venous grafts measuring 8 ± 2 mm were interposed. The rats were categorized by their graft to artery diameter ratios. Patency was assessed upon completion and 4‐6 days postoperatively. All surgical specimens were submitted to the pathology department for microscopic evaluation. Results showed Group I: graft to artery ratio 1:1, patency rate 90% (18/20); Group II:ratio 0.75:1, patency rate 80% (16/20); Group III:ratio 0.5:1, patency rate 60% (12/20), Group IV: ratio 0.25:1, patency rate 20% (4/20); Group V:ratio 2:1, patency rate 60% (12/20). It is concluded that 1:1 venous graft to artery ratios are optimal. When this is impossible, diameter discrepancies should be at least 0.75:1 for acceptable patency rates to be attained in microvascular grafting.
Human nerve xenografting in nude mouse: Experimental study of graft revascularization
Authors: Duprez Karine , Bour Christian , Merle Michel , Duprez Adrien 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the nude mouse, the congenital absence of T lymphocytes makes it possible to implant human nerve grafts without rejection or iatrogenic modifications (by immunosuppression) of human and murine tissues. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves were harvested from human cadavers 1–18 hours after death. These nerve grafts were implanted using different techniques in nude mice. All the grafts were macroscopically and microscopically revascularized 3 days after implantation. The modifications in time of this vascularization could be studied with precision through the use of repeated biopsies. The absence of human blood group antigens on the neovessel endothelium suggested a murine origin for angiogenesis. In situ DNA hybridizations with human and mouse DNA confirmed this origin. The topography of the revascularization (maximal in the perineurium and endoneurium) and the almost complete absence of human cells other than Schwann cells in the grafts at the peak of angiogenesis (26 days after grafting) suggested that Schwann cells had a determining role in graft vascularization. The irradiation of the nerve grafts with a dose of 30 grays before implantation did not modify significantly their histologic appearance compared to the control group, whereas an irradiation of 60 grays led to massive lesions. The neurotization of murine axons led to chimerical structures of normal histologic appearance, with vascularization similar to that observed in nonneurotized nerves. Through chimerism (human Schwann cells, murine vessels and axons) this model makes it possible to dissociate the respective role of the host and of the nerve graft in angiogenesis and suggests the existence of growth factors produced by the human Schwann cells.
Re‐use of the recipient vessels of a microvascular transplant
Authors: Gordon Leonard , Levinsohn David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree cases are described in which a second microvascular free flap, transplanted after a delay of several months, was provided perfusion by re‐using the recipient vessels of the first flap in end‐to‐end fashion. In each patient, healing of the second flap was uneventful, and both transplants continue to survive. Prior to harvesting the second transplant, a careful intraoperative examination was performed in which the vascularity of the original transplant was assessed. In each case, recipient vessel re‐use represented the least risky of several options. The results of the present series suggest that vascularization from the transplant bed or surrounding tissues proceeds despite the fact that, initially, the only source of blood for the free flap flows through a single axial vessel. This single vessel can therefore be divided without loss of the transplant as long as the transplant bed has already provided vascularization to the flap. In our opinion, the timing of the second procedure and the quality of the transplant bed are the key factors in the survival of the transplants.
Improved survival in a replantation model containing ischemic muscle
Authors: Concannon Matthew J. , Dooley Thomas W. , Puckett Charles L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of superoxide dismutase and allopurinol was evaluated in preventing reperfusion injury in Sprague‐Dawley rats utilizing a limb replantation model after 6 hours of warm ischemia. Immediately prior to reperfusion of the replanted limb the animals received (intravenously) either a single bolus of superoxide dismutase (16,000 units/kg), a single bolus of allopurinol (45 mg/kg), both agents, or only control solutions. In the rats that received only control solutions, 30% of the limbs survived the ischemic insult. The group that received both superoxide dismutase and allopurinol had a 75% limb survival (P = 0.005). The animals that had only superoxide dismutase or allopurinol had 58% and 60% of the replanted limbs survive, respectively. This study suggests that the administration of superoxide dismutase and allopurinol may be helpful in the prevention of reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle in an acute injury setting (without pretreatment) and may thereby improve limb salvage after a significant ischemic period.
Experimental microvenous reconstructions with Gore‐Tex polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses implanted by means of the sleeve anastomotic technique
Authors: Van Der Lei B. , Bartels H. L. , Dijk F. , Schakenraad J. M. , Nieuwenhuis P. , Robinson P. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses (Gore‐Tex® ID, 1 mm; length, 5–7 mm; wall thickness, 0.2 mm; fibril length, 30 μm, n = 28) were implanted into the rat femoral vein by means of the sleeve anastomotic technique to enhance the patency rate. In the control group, PTFE prostheses (n = 8) were implanted by means of the end‐to‐end technique. In the experimental group patency and healing of the PTFE prostheses were evaluated at 1 day (n = 4), 1 week (n = 6), 3 weeks (n = 6), 6 weeks (n = 6), and 12 weeks (n = 6) after implantation by means of macroscopic inspection and routine light and scanning electron microscopy. All prostheses, except one at 1 week after implantation, were patent at the time of removal. All of the microvenous prostheses were completely covered by an endothelial layer at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. Occasionally some smooth muscle‐like cells could be found underneath this endothelial layer, but stenosis was never observed at the anastomotic sites. Only scarce tissue ingrowth was observed in the wall of the PTFE prostheses. In the control group, all prostheses, except one prosthesis after 3 weeks, were found to be occluded. An occlusive mural thrombus was found firmly attached at the anastomoses at 1 day, and an organized thrombus at 3 weeks after implantation. The patent prosthesis demonstrated complete endothelial healing. These results demonstrate the importance of the sleeve anastomotic technique and the potential of PTFE prostheses as a microvenous conduit when implanted by means of the sleeve anastomotic technique in experimental reconstructive microvascular procedures.
Carotid bifurcation reconstruction using y‐shaped microvascular grafts: An experimental study in rats
Authors: Morimoto Tetsuya , Imhof Hans Georg , Wiestler Otmar D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReconstruction of the carotid bifurcation was performed in rats using y‐shaped microvascular grafts in an attempt to examine the feasibility of using such grafts in intracranial vascular reconstruction, especially for vessels with bifurcations. Twenty y‐shaped microarterial grafts were obtained from the carotid bifurcation of donor rats, while 20 y‐shaped microvenous grafts were obtained from the femoral veins of the rats. The patency rate of arterial grafts and venous grafts were 75% and 97%, respectively. Anastomotic aneurysms frequently occurred in both arterial grafts (45%) and venous grafts (60%). Results of histological examinations concluded that these aneurysms were false aneurysms. We discuss the reasons for aneurysm formation and technical issues that might improve the experimental results with regard to patency and aneurysm formation.
Some factors affecting the survival of venous flaps: An experimental study
Authors: Yuen Q. M. , Leung P. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe inferior epigastric venous flap of the rat was chosen for experimental studies of vascular flow alterations. The long saphenous vein was not selected for use; preliminary studies involving forced retrograde injection demonstrated that it drains blood primarily from the leg and foot, not from its overlying skin. Eight different flap designs were studied: group A, saphenous flap, simple isolation with pedicle; group B, inferior epigastric flap, simple isolation with pedicle; group C, inferior epigastric flap, simple isolation with interpositioned Silastic sheet; group D, cross‐transferred venous pressure arterial flap; group E, cross‐transferred, arterialised venous flap; group F, arterialized venous flap, in which arterial blood was shunted away via the main vein; group G, cross‐transferred venous pressure venous flap; and group K, control, nonvascularized flap. Three more groups (H, I, J) were introduced by repeating the flap designs of groups E, F, and G but preceded by forced perfusion of the venous system using 5 cc of normal saline at 200 mm Hg. The best results were obtained with groups B, C, E, H, and I. The other flaps necrosed. The results are discussed based on the assumption that true retrograde venous blood flow does occur.
Experimental study on microvascular anastomosis using a dissolvable stent support in the lumen
Authors: Cong Zhang , Nongxuan Tang , Changfu Zheng , Yuanwei Xu , Tongde Wang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new method for microvascular anastomosis was developed and compared with conventional techniques, using the rabbit femoral artery. A dissolvable stent biomaterial was placed in the lumen to expose the vessel walls clearly, so that the quality of anastomosis could be improved. The results showed no significant difference in immediate and late patency rates between the methods, but the use of the stent resulted in faster repair, less dilation at the anastomosis, and less narrowing of the distal segments, causing apparently minor hemodynamic disturbance, with increased blood flow distally. Minor damage to the vessel walls and rapid healing of the wound were verified by histologic evaluation.
Inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of walking‐track analysis used to assess sciatic nerve function in rats
Authors: Brown C. J. , Evans P. J. , Mackinnon S. E. , Bain J. R. , Makino A. P. , Hunter D. A. , Hare G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of the walking‐track analysis of sciatic nerve function in the rat was assessed. Twenty‐five walking tracks were assessed on three different occasions by four observers. Whereas the interobserver reliability was found to be excellent (r = 0.92), the intraobserver reliability was only satisfactory (r = 0.53 to r = 0.76). Walking‐track analysis provides a noninvasive technique to assess function recovery in the rat, with excellent intraobserver reliability demonstrated. The lower intraobserver reliability suggests limitations to this new measurement technique.
Experimental and clinical free cutaneous transfers in the dog
Authors: Miller Craig C. , Fowler J. David , Bowen C. Vaughan A. , Chang Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVarious reconstructive techniques have been applied to the management of difficult wounds in the dog. Wounds in the distal extremities and on the face are hard to manage by conventional methods. A free cutaneous flap, based on the superficial cervical vessels, was developed and used in a series of experimental and clinical cases. Six of eight experimental orthotopic transfers survived. The two failures were thought to be related to technical error. The seven flaps, used in clinical cases, all survived and successfully resolved the dogs' clinical problems.
Axial pattern skin flaps in cats
Authors: Remedios Audrey M. , Bauer Michael S. , Bowen C. Vaughan A. , Fowler J. David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe major direct cutaneous vessels identified in the cat include the omocervical, thoracodorsal, deep circumflex iliac, and caudal superficial epigastric arteries. Axial pattern skin flaps based on the thoracodorsal and caudal superficial epigastric arteries have been developed in cats. Rotation of these flaps as islands allows skin coverage to the carpus and metatarsus, respectively. The thoracodorsal and caudal superficial epigastric flaps provide a practical, one‐step option in the reconstruction of large skin defects involving the distal extremities of cats.
Experimental cutaneous free flap transfers in the horse
Authors: Lees Michael J. , Fretz Peter B. , Bowen C. Vaughan A. , Leach Douglas H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEquine limb wounds often heal slowly by epithelialization, and large scars are a frequent end result. In some ways, they resemble the wound associated with human tibial injuries. The literature indicates that previous investigators have failed to transfer free skin flaps successfully in the horse. In this paper, we review our experimental work with the deep circumflex iliac flap in the horse. Dissections of 20 cadavers confirmed the anatomical consistency of the flap. Four flaps survived well when elevated as island flaps, but five orthotopic and nine heterotopic free flap transfers all failed. The cause of failure is still unknown, but our experiments suggested that the horse must be highly susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury.
Free bowel transfer for esophageal reconstruction in the dog
Authors: Holmberg David L. , Kuzma Alan B. , Miller Craig W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractClinical esophageal reconstruction in dogs is generally limited to the repair of small segments of cervical and terminal thoracic esophagus. The attempt was made to develop a procedure for the replacement of the entire thoracic esophagus. Three groups of dogs were used for microvascular colon transfers. Five dogs received orthotopic colon autografts. A segment of cervical esophagus was replaced in three dogs, and the entire thoracic esophagus was bypassed in six dogs. The orthotopic grafts worked well and the surviving dogs had normal stools within 48 hr of surgery. The cervical grafts all remained viable, and dogs were able to drink normally and swallow gruel from elevated bowls. Chronic regurgitation of solid food due to inadequate graft motility was an unresolved problem. All thoracic esophageal bypass grafts failed because of mechanical kinking of the vascular pedicles and leakage.
Failure to obtain long‐term patency after implantation of fibrous polyurethane prostheses in the carotid arteries of rabbits
Authors: Hess Frits , Steeghs Suzanne , Jerusalem Christoph , Braun Bernd , Grande Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFibrous polyurethane prostheses were implanted in the carotid arteries and aortae of New Zealand white (NZW) and Chinchilla (CHIN) rabbits. No immediate post‐implantation patency was obtained after implantation in the carotid arteries in NZW rabbits. In CHIN rabbits patency up to 1 week was obtained after carotid implantation. Attempts to increase patency rates by administration of 20 mg/kg body weight/day of both dipyridamol (DIP) and acetyl‐salicylic acid (ASA) p.o., starting the week before implantation, had an adverse effect; prostheses became occluded within a few hours after implantation. Coagulation tests (Lee and White, Am J Med Sci 145:495–503, 1913) carried out with blood drawn from CHIN rabbits revealed hypercoaguability after administration of either 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight/day of both DIP and ASA compared to pre‐medication values. Prostheses implanted in the aortae of both strains remained patent without anti‐platelet‐aggregation therapy for a 3‐month observation period. It is concluded that in the NZW rabbit carotid implantation was not successful due to severe spasmic reactions and that in CHIN rabbits only very short‐term patency could be obtained both with and without administration of 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight/day medication DIP and ASA.
Toe transfer for congenital hand defects
Authors: Eaton Charles J. , Lister Graham D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractToe‐to‐hand transfer is a well‐established reconstructive option for certain congenital hand anomalies. It is the only technique which can add growth potential to the immature skeleton. Toe transfer is best suited for constriction ring amputations, which have relatively normal proximal anatomy. Transfers should be performed early in life to avoid lack of cortical integration of the new part. Anatomic variations of both hand and foot are often encountered, which influence both operative approach and functional prognosis. Indications, techniques, and complications are reviewed.
Free tissue transfer for reconstruction of traumatic limb injuries in children
Authors: Arnez Zoran M. , Hanel Douglas P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFree tissue transfer was used for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in 94 children. Of the 127 procedures performed, the latissimus dorsi, scapular skin, lateral arm skin, rectus abdominis, and gracilis were used with the greatest frequency. The microsurgical success rate was 96%. Microsurgical failures were repeated, successfully, and in all cases the limbs were salvaged. Other than having to deal with decreased vessel size and avoiding continuous suture lines, there appears to be little difference in technique or outcome of free tissue transfer when compared to adults.
Replantation in children
Authors: Taras John S. , Nunley James A. , Urbaniak James R. , Goldner Richard D. , Fitch Robert D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors have replanted 162 parts in 120 children over the past 15 years. The youngest patient, undergoing successful replantation, was aged 7 months, 3 weeks. Unlike an adult, any child suffering a traumatic amputation should be considered for a possible replantation. Replantation should consist of minimal bone shortening to preserve epiphyseal plates, with repair of all severed structures. Longitudinal K‐wires usually provide adequate fixation. Our survival rate for complete replantation in children under the age of 16 years is 77%. Long‐term study showed that continued skeletal growth occurred and the digit attained 81% of normal longitudinal length at maturity. Recovery of sensibility in the replanted digit is nearly as good as for isolated digital nerve repair. Patient and parent satisfaction is high when replantation is successful, with uniform approval of the extensive effort required.