bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agroecology and Political Economy: The Peasant World and the Contradictions of Capital
Authors: Paz Raúl Gustavo 
Published: April 2024

This article examines agroecology from a political economy perspective and opens a line for an interdisciplinary approach between economics and ecology. To this end, the logic of capital in capitalist production and in peasant agriculture is analyzed along with its relationship to nature and the land. In this vein, based on the concept of the thing-process duality in capital, an attempt is made to relate the logic of capital to the economic and ecological rationality present in capitalist and peasant agriculture. Using a concrete example, it is shown how ecological rationality, over and above capital, centralizes and corrects productive processes. From this perspective - the workings of its antagonist —agribusiness—is explored, presenting concepts that support the contention that an agroecological movement makes sense in current times. El artículo examina a la agroecología desde la economía política y abre una línea de aproximación interdisciplinaria entre economía y ecología. Para ello se analiza la lógica del capital en la producción capitalista como también en la agricultura campesina y su relación con la naturaleza y la tierra. En esta línea, a partir del concepto de dualidad cosa-proceso del capital, se intenta relacionar la lógica del capital con la racionalidad económica y ecológica presente en la agricultura capitalista y campesina. A partir de un ejemplo concreto se muestra como la racionalidad ecológica, por sobre el capital, centraliza y disciplina los procesos productivos. Desde esta perspectiva se indaga sobre el funcionamiento de su antagonismo –el agronegocio-, presentando conceptos que permiten argumentar sobre el porqué tiene sentido un movimiento agroecológico en estos tiempos actuales.
Challenges recruiting and retaining people at risk for HIV who use methamphetamine in a randomized PrEP adherence trial in Seattle, WA
Authors: McMahan Vanessa M , Atkins Dana L , Buckler Smitty , Violette Lauren R , Niemann Lisa , Frank Noah , Kimiam Waters  , Herrera Perales Luis Enrique , Viquez Luis , Tung Elyse , Stekler Joanne D 
Published: April 2024

Background Methamphetamine is associated with increased HIV risk and suboptimal adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Interventions to support PrEP adherence for people who use methamphetamine are needed. Methods We evaluated peer navigation to support adherence among people initiating PrEP who use methamphetamine. The HIV Prevention in Methamphetamine Users (HMU!) study enrolled participants from May 2018-January 2022 in Seattle, WA, and followed them for 6 months. Surveys collected sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual behavior data at enrollment, month 3, and month 6. Dried blood spots (DBS) were collected at months 1, 3, and 6 to measure PrEP adherence. Results We enrolled 21 participants of a target sample of 40, of whom 20 were prescribed PrEP. Nine participants (43%) received peer navigation and 12 (57%) received standard of care or text messaging. At baseline, most participants reported at least weekly methamphetamine use (17, 81%) and condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) (16, 76%). One-third reported CRAI with a partner with HIV. Among those who provided a DBS, 78% and 50% had results commensurate with ≥4 pills/week at the month 3 and 6 visit, respectively. More than half of those prescribed PrEP completed a month 6 visit (11, 55%). Retention was not associated with peer support compared to standard of care or text messaging ( p = .20). Conclusions We enrolled half our target sample size despite extensive recruitment efforts. As expected, participants had challenges with PrEP adherence and persistence. While peer navigation interventions should be studied further, additional interventions are likely needed to support PrEP uptake, adherence, and persistence among people who use methamphetamine.
Implementation of heat transfer techniques for an axial flux permanent magnet generator design
Authors: Kurt Erol , Demirci Mustafa , İlbaş Mustafa 
Published: April 2024

Heat transfer problem is explored for a new-designed low power generator. A self-cooling mechanism of the generator is designed and implemented for the forced convection via a fan being on the generator rotor. In addition, air is naturally directed towards the lateral parts of the machine in air gaps between stator and rotors. The designed fan has 16 blades with 65 degrees. The CFD and experimental self-cooling analyses are performed to focus on the flow velocities and temperature measurements. In this study, it has been aimed to compare heat transfers by the natural convection and by the forced convection. For this reason, besides Rayleigh ( Ra), Nusselt ( Nu), Grashof ( Gr) and Reynolds ( Re) numbers, heat transfer terms on the small winding coil, which is important heat source for the generator, are calculated for natural and forced convection. They are also clarified experimentally and theoretically. The heat transfer at 300 rpm varies between 0.04 W and 0.30 W by time for forced convection and varies between 0.21 W and 0.30 W by time for natural convection, whereas, it increases up at 1000 rpm from 0.50 W to 1.49 W by time for forced convection and from 0.02 W to 0.45 W by time for natural convection. It is proven that the proposed cooling system operates efficiently and the proposed self-cooling method can be used for other axial flux machines, too.
Numerical study on the influence of inlet distortion on integrated nacelle fans based on coupling crosswind and angle of attack
Authors: Yu Junyang , Qin Dingding , Guo Chongjia , Sun Peng , Fu Wenguang 
Published: April 2024

Crosswind and angle of attack are critical factors that influence the safe operation of civil aviation engines, which are also essential criteria in the certification of civil engine airworthiness. Conducting research on the effects and mechanisms of angle of attack and crosswind on the integrated characteristics and flow field of nacelle and fan holds significant engineering value. In this study, a high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine serves as the research subject, and the influence of crosswind and angle of attack coupling on the nacelle intake and fan components is analyzed using numerical simulations. The numerical research findings indicate that both individual angle of attack and crosswind, as well as their combination, lead to a specific range of total pressure distortion in the inlet. At an angle of attack of 25°, the extent and degree of circumferential total pressure distortion formed on the aerodynamic interface exhibit minor variations under different crosswind inflow conditions. Under two operating conditions involving left crosswind and right crosswind, both characterized by an angle of attack of 25° and a wind speed of 20 m/s, the combined effects of crosswind and angle of attack on the fan and outlet guide vane (OGV) components are mainly concentrated at the blade tip. These influencing factors collectively lead to total pressure distortion in the inlet flow field, resulting in the interaction between tip leakage flow and passage shock waves. At the same angle of attack, there are differences in the impact of total pressure distortion caused by crosswinds in two directions on the fan. Under the same operating conditions, the total pressure distortion induced by the right crosswind has a greater impact on OGV.
Receipt of rheumatology care and lupus-specific labs among young adults with systemic lupus erythematosus: A US Medicare retention in care cohort study
Authors: Schletzbaum Maria , Powell W Ryan , Garg Shivani , Kramer Joseph , Astor Brad C , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea , Kind Amy J , Bartels Christie M 
Published: April 2024

Objective In systemic lupus erythematosus, poor disease outcomes occur in young adults, patients identifying as Black or Hispanic, and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. These identities and social factors differentially shape care access and quality that contribute to lupus health disparities in the US. Thus, our objective was to measure markers of care access and quality, including rheumatology visits (longitudinal care retention) and lupus-specific serology testing, by race and ethnicity, neighborhood disadvantage, and geographic context. Methods This cohort study used a geo-linked 20% national sample of young adult Medicare beneficiaries (ages 18–35) with lupus-coded encounters and a 1-year assessment period. Retention in lupus care required a rheumatology visit in each 6-month period, and serology testing required ≥1 complement or dsDNA antibody test within the year. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit for visit-based retention and serology testing to determine associations with race and ethnicity, neighborhood disadvantage, and geography. Results Among 1,036 young adults with lupus, 39% saw a rheumatologist every 6 months and 28% had serology testing. White beneficiaries from the least disadvantaged quintile of neighborhoods had higher visit-based retention than other beneficiaries (64% vs 30%–60%). Serology testing decreased with increasing neighborhood disadvantage quintile (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.71, 0.90) and in the Midwest (aOR 0.46; 0.30, 0.71). Conclusion Disparities in care, measured by rheumatology visits and serology testing, exist by neighborhood disadvantage, race and ethnicity, and region among young adults with lupus, despite uniform Medicare coverage. Findings support evaluating lupus care quality measures and their impact on US lupus outcomes.
Coping strategies of intensive care unit nurses reducing moral distress: A content analysis study
Authors: Esmaeili Maryam , Navidhamidi Mojdeh , Varasteh Saeideh 
Published: April 2024

Background Moral distress has negative effects on physical and mental health. However, there is little information about nurses’ coping strategies reducing moral distress. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the coping strategies of intensive care unit nurses reducing moral distress in Iran. Study design This is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. Participants and research context The research sample consisted of nurses working in intensive care units of teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected among eligible nurses by purposive sampling. Data were obtained through 17 in-depth, individual, and semi-structured interviews with 17 nurses. Graneheim and Lundman’s (2004) 6-step content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Data management was also performed by MAXQDA software version 20. The COREQ checklist was used to report the study. Ethical considerations This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All ethical guidelines in research were followed. Finding The data analysis resulted in the formation of two main categories of desirable coping strategies (with two subcategories of compensation and rejuvenation) and less desirable coping strategies (with three subclasses of indifference over time, escape and concealment). Discussion The intensive care unit nurses in dealing with ethical problems first try to solve the problem through discussion, but when they fail to resolve it peacefully, they resort to several coping strategies. Factors, such as increasing experience, lack of support from hospital managers and officials, poor communication between colleagues, the need to maintain hierarchy, fear of reprimand, and a sense of powerlessness, changed the nurses’ preferred strategies. It is important for managers to provide a blame/punishment-free atmosphere for expression of ethical experiences; a supportive atmosphere in which staff can engage in ethical discussions without fear of punishment. They should also provide opportunities for rest, rejuvenation, and adequate training for their employees.
Design, Development and Validation of a Customised Mind–Body Module Towards  Resilience Building and Wellness Promotion
Authors: Dhanasekar Haritha , Balakrishnan Arthi , Mathangi Damal Chandrasekar , Singh Sudhakar 
Published: April 2024

Background: In today’s world, developing resilience is crucial for managing stress, preserving mental and emotional health, managing work–life balance, fostering self-growth and good relationships and promoting physical health. Nourishing the mind–body connection, using methods for stress reduction and self-care and incorporating a Mind Body Module can contribute to resilience-building initiatives as well as help in wellness promotion. Purpose: This study aims to design, develop and validate a resilience-building module that incorporates mind–body practices. Method: The existing literature on traditional yoga texts and published scientific studies in the area of mind–body practices was used to build the Mind Body Module. Through this approach, a total of 26 practices were identified based on the strength of evidence. Each of these practices was scored by subject matter experts, and the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated using Lawshe’s formula for validation. Result: The practices/techniques that scored ≥50% along with those suggested by the experts were grouped, and an eight-week module for resilience building and wellness promotion was developed. Conclusion: The Mind Body Module crafted to foster resilience has brought together the knowledge from the Indian system and the well-being practices from the West in a cogent manner. The module’s viability and effectiveness will be evaluated appropriately.
Pyrogallol Suppresses the Tumor Progression via Modulating Aerobic Glycolysis and STAT2 Signaling Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Hao , Chang Yanxiang , Jin Lei 
Published: April 2024

Background Pyrogallol, a bioactive compound derived from natural sources, is the focus of this study, aiming to investigate its anti-cancer properties against A549 lung cancer cells and uncover the underlying mechanisms. Purpose This study seeks to elucidate the therapeutic potential of pyrogallol as a novel anti-cancer agent for NSCLC by targeting aerobic glycolysis and signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) signaling pathway. Background Pyrogallol, a bioactive compound derived from natural sources, is the focus of this study, aiming to investigate its anti-cancer properties against A549 lung cancer cells and uncover the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods A range of pyrogallol doses was administered to A549 cells, followed by a comprehensive analysis utilizing bioinformatic tools like Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GEO2R, WebGestalt, and the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals database. Assessments of cytotoxicity were conducted using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue assays post-treatment of A549 cells with pyrogallol. Cell cycle progression and cell death were evaluated via flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanates/propidium iodide double staining. Network analysis helped identify pertinent signaling pathways, while RT-PCR validated mRNA expression changes in A549 cells. Auto dock docking studies were employed to gauge the binding affinity of pyrogallol with targets associated with the STAT2-mediated pathway. Results Pyrogallol notably impeded the progression of A549 cells by prompting cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and fostering apoptosis. Network analysis highlighted its role in regulating metabolism, apoptosis, and STAT2 targets linked to lung tumorigenesis. RT-PCR validation affirmed the downregulation of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis targets. Furthermore, docking studies indicated a robust binding affinity between pyrogallol and the signaling targets within the STAT2 pathway. Pyrogallol displays the potential to halt the growth of lung cancer cells, indicating its promise as a viable treatment for this condition. Conclusion These discoveries emphasize the need for additional research and clinical studies to fully harness its therapeutic benefits for lung cancer treatment.
Intimate Partner Abuse and Homicide During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Situational Action Theory Analysis
Authors: Treiber Kyle 
Published: April 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, stay-at-home restrictions significantly changed people’s daily lives around the world. Opportunity and strain theories predict this would lead to an increase in intimate partner abuse (IPA), including intimate partner homicide (IPH). This paper applies an alternative theoretical framework—situational action theory (SAT)—to explain mixed findings regarding changes in IPA and unexpected findings regarding (a lack of) changes in IPH. It is argued that SAT may contribute to explaining the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on IPA and IPH in three important ways: 1. by addressing the fact that motivation is necessary but not sufficient for explaining action and better specifying how motivation translates into IPA and IPH; 2. by addressing the fact that people perceive different alternatives for action and better specifying why some people come to see IPA and IPH as acceptable action alternatives; 3. by addressing the fact that exposure affects people differently and better specifying how stay-at-home restrictions shaped people’s activity fields and, in turn, their perceptions and action choices.
Disability and pain after anterior cervical decompression and fusion: A group-based trajectory analysis
Authors: Widbom-Kolhanen Sara S. , Pernaa Katri I. , Lintuaho Roosa E. , Kotkansalo Anna , Saltychev Mikhail 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the clusters of patients with different developmental trajectories of pain and disability after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). Methods: Group-based trajectory analysis among 318 patients undergoing the ACDF. Results: Three developmental trajectories of disability were identified: “Steadily good functioning,” “Improved functioning,” and “Steadily poor functioning.” Three developmental trajectories of neck pain were identified: “Worsened pain,” “Pain relief,” and “Steadily severe pain.” Two developmental trajectories of arm pain were identified: “Decreased arm pain” and “Severe arm pain with only short-term relief.” No associations were found between sex, preoperative pain duration, or body weight and probability to be classified into a particular disability trajectory group. Female sex (relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.78) and longer history of preoperative pain (RRR 2.31–2.68) increased the probability to be classified into a group with steadily severe neck pain. Longer history of preoperative pain increased the probability to be classified into group with severe arm pain with only short-term pain relief (RRR 2.68). Conclusion: After the ACDF, dissimilar developmental trajectories of pain and disability were identified between the patient clusters. While sex, preoperative pain duration, and body weight were not associated with differences in improvement in disability level, female sex and longer duration of preoperative pain were correlated with more severe neck and arm pain after surgery.
The effect of actuation frequency on clot integration with the Tigertriever device: A preliminary in vitro study
Authors: Sadasivan Chander , Dashti Nakisa , Gopal Megha , Serna Rowan J , Fiorella David 
Published: April 2024

Background The Tigertriever stent retriever (Rapid Medical) can be actively expanded and contracted by the operator, which allows for several actuation-related parameters to be optimized to potentially improve device efficacy. These parameters have not yet been evaluated. We conducted a benchtop study to evaluate the effect of actuation frequency on clot integration within the stent. Methods A Tigertriever 17 device was deployed within a biological clot analog placed in a straight tube. The device was actuated between the maximally contracted and maximally expanded states with three different frequencies: passive (one-time opening, n = 6), slow (20 s/cycle, n = 6), and fast (5 s/cycle, n = 7). A flat-detector CT scan was acquired, the clot and stent wires were segmented, and the boundaries of the clot and stent wires were calculated on each axial slice. The intersection between the stent and clot boundaries throughout the volume was defined as the volume of clot integrated within the stent. The clot integration factor (ratio of integrated clot volume to total clot volume) was then statistically compared between the three frequencies as an estimate of clot capture efficiency. Results The clot integration factor was significantly higher (23% increase, p = 0.01) with the fast actuation as compared to the passive and slow actuations, with a post hoc test showing no difference ( p > 0.05) between the passive and slow groups. Conclusions Faster actuation frequencies may result in improved clot integration with the Tigertriever device. This effect needs to be validated by clinical data.
Long-term outcomes of endovascular therapy for right subclavian artery occlusive lesions: A multi-center experience
Authors: Huang Yulong , Xie Xinsheng , Huang Guoqiang , Lu Weifeng , Hong Shichai , Chen Yihui , Lin Yue , Fu Weiguo , Hong Xiang , Wang Lixin 
Published: April 2024

Objective To review our multi-institutional experience with endovascular therapy for right subclavian artery occlusive disease and to evaluate the long-term outcomes. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all patients with right subclavian artery stenosis and occlusive disease who underwent endovascular therapy between March 2014 and September 2022 at two institutions. Patient baseline demographics, lesion characteristics, treatment strategies, and in-hospital and follow-up outcomes were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Between March 2014 and September 2022, 73 patients underwent endovascular treatment at the two institutions. The dominant cause of lesions in this cohort was atherosclerosis. Three different types of lesions were summarized, and the corresponding endovascular strategies were performed. 66 patients (90.4%) underwent successful endovascular treatment, and 62 patients (84.9%) underwent balloon-expandable stent deployment. The mean perioperative in-hospital stay was 4.0 days (range, 3–6 days). Two patients died due to myocardial infarction, and one died of cerebral hemorrhage resulting from a traffic accident within 30 days of the intervention. The median follow-up time was 31.6 months (range, 12–96 months). No complications, including death, stroke, stent fractures, or migration, were noted in any patient during the follow-up period. The overall complication rate was 7/73 (9.6%), and 5/7 (6.9%) of the complications required reintervention. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of right subclavian artery lesions is safe, effective, and technically achievable. The reasonable use of balloon-expandable stents can achieve satisfactory outcomes with accurate orientation and promising patency.