bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyketide Trimming Shapes Dihydroxynaphthalene‐Melanin and Anthraquinone Pigments
Authors: Schmalhofer Maximilian , Vagstad Anna L. , Zhou Qiuqin , Bode Helge B. , Groll Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPigments such as anthraquinones (AQs) and melanins are antioxidants, protectants, or virulence factors. AQs from the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus laumondii are produced by a modular type II polyketide synthase system. A key enzyme involved in AQ biosynthesis is PlAntI, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the bicyclic‐intermediate‐loaded acyl carrier protein, polyketide trimming, and assembly of the aromatic AQ scaffold. Here, multiple crystal structures of PlAntI in various conformations and with bound substrate surrogates or inhibitors are reported. Structure‐based mutagenesis and activity assays provide experimental insights into the three sequential reaction steps to yield the natural product AQ‐256. For comparison, a series of ligand‐complex structures of two functionally related hydrolases involved in the biosynthesis of 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene‐melanin in pathogenic fungi is determined. These data provide fundamental insights into the mechanism of polyketide trimming that shapes pigments in pro‐ and eukaryotes.
Gradient Graphene Spiral Sponges for Efficient Solar Evaporation and Zero Liquid Discharge Desalination with Directional Salt Crystallization
Authors: Zhao Demin , Ding Meichun , Lin Tianhao , Duan Zhenying , Wei Rui , Feng Panpan , Yu Jiahui , Liu Chen‐Yang , Li Chenwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolar desalination is a promising strategy to utilize solar energy to purify saline water. However, the accumulation of salt on the solar evaporator surface severely reduces light absorption and evaporation performance. Herein, a simple and eco‐friendly method to fabricate a 3D gradient graphene spiral sponge (GGS sponge) is presented that enables high‐rate solar evaporation and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) desalination of high‐salinity brine. The spiral structure of the GGS sponge enhances energy recovery, while the gradient network structures facilitate radial brine transport and directional salt crystallization, which cooperate to endow the sponge with superior solar evaporation (6.5 kg m−2 h−1 for 20 wt.% brine), efficient salt collection (1.5 kg m−2 h−1 for 20 wt.% brine), ZLD desalination, and long‐term durability (continuous 144 h in 20 wt.% brine). Moreover, the GGS sponge shows an ultrahigh freshwater production rate of 3.1 kg m−2 h−1 during the outdoor desalination tests. A continuous desalination–irrigation system based on the GGS sponge for crop growth, which has the potential for self‐sustainable agriculture in remote areas is demonstrated. This work introduces a novel evaporator design and also provides insight into the structural principles for designing next‐generation solar desalination devices that are salt‐tolerant and highly efficient.
Sustainable Recycling of Selenium‐Based Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Wang Xia , Li Zongbao , Jin Bowen , Lu Wenbo , Feng Mingjie , Dong Binghai , Liu Qingxiang , Yan Hui‐Juan , Wang Shi‐Min , Xue Ding‐Jiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelenium (Se), the world's oldest optoelectronic material, has been widely applied in various optoelectronic devices such as commercial X‐ray flat‐panel detectors and photovoltaics. However, despite the rare and widely‐dispersed nature of Se element, a sustainable recycling of Se and other valuable materials from spent Se‐based devices has not been developed so far. Here a sustainable strategy is reported that makes use of the significantly higher vapor pressure of volatile Se compared to other functional layers to recycle all of them from end‐of‐life Se‐based devices through a closed‐space evaporation process, utilizing Se photovoltaic devices as a case study. This strategy results in high recycling yields of ≈ 98% for Se and 100% for other functional materials including valuable gold electrodes and glass/FTO/TiO2 substrates. The refabricated photovoltaic devices based on these recycled materials achieve an efficiency of 12.33% under 1000‐lux indoor illumination, comparable to devices fabricated using commercially sourced materials and surpassing the current indoor photovoltaic industry standard of amorphous silicon cells.
Multistrand Twisted Triboelectric Kevlar Yarns for Harvesting High Impact Energy, Body Injury Location and Levels Evaluation
Authors: Xing Fangjing , Gao Xiaobo , Wen Jing , Li Hao , Liu Hui , Wang Zhong Lin , Chen Baodong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping ultrahigh‐strength fabric‐based triboelectric nanogenerators for harvesting high‐impact energy and sensing biomechanical signals is still a great challenge. Here, the constraints are addressed by design of a multistrand twisted triboelectric Kevlar (MTTK) yarn using conductive and non‐conductive Kevlar fibers. Manufactured using a multistrand twisting process, the MTTK yarn offers superior tensile strength (372 MPa), compared to current triboelectric yarns. In addition, a self‐powered impact sensing fabric patch (SP‐ISFP) comprising signal acquisition, processing, communication circuit, and MTTK yarns is integrated. The SP‐ISFP features withstanding impact (4 GPa) and a sensitivity and response time under the high impact condition (59.68 V GPa−1; 0.4 s). Furthermore, a multi‐channel smart bulletproof vest is developed by the array of 36 SP‐ISFPs, enabling the reconstruction of impact mapping and assessment of body injury location and levels by real‐time data acquisition. Their potential to reduce body injuries, professional security, and construct a multi‐point personal vital signs dynamic monitoring platform holds great promise.
Electrical Properties of Electrochemically Exfoliated 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Transistors for Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Electronics
Authors: Zou Taoyu , Kim Soonhyo , Reo Youjin , Heo Seongmin , Liu Ao , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe unique semiconducting characteristics of 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have drawn significant interest in the field of electronic devices. However, the dependence of the device performance on the electrical properties of electrochemically exfoliated TMD nanoflakes remains unclear. In this study, the intrinsic electrical properties of diverse electrochemically exfoliated TMD nanoflakes are investigated and their applications in fully solution‐processed 2D electronics are explored. The study reveals that MoSe2 and WS2 nanoflakes are suitable candidates with moderate electron concentrations of 5.7 × 1012 and 2.5 × 1012 cm−2, respectively. These moderate electron concentrations enable a low off‐state current and high on‐state current, leading to a large on–off ratio (> 106) for the fabricated transistors. Furthermore, moderate annealing can increase the mobility by one order of magnitude by reducing the contact resistance and improving charge transport. Additionally, the trap density is significantly reduced, leading to an improved stability. Finally, fully solution‐processed 2D complementary inverters with a high voltage gain of 60 are demonstrated. This study contributes to a growing understanding of the properties of 2D materials in terms of transistor performances and promotes the development of solution‐processed devices applicable in next‐generation electronics.
Minutes‐Fast Production of Vacancy‐Enriched MXenes as an Efficient Platform for Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhu Qi , Wang Ziming , Ye Yuxuan , Hu Jiarui , Shang Jiaxiang , Li Bin , Du Zhiguo , Yang Shubin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough MXenes have been synthesized by liquid phase and molten salt etching approaches, it still suffers from sluggish reaction kinetics of removing A species from MAX phases associated with an overlong production time (5–48 h). Here, a minute‐level production approach is developed to produce MXenes (Ti2CClx) by selectively etching MAX phases (Ti2AlC) under metal chloride (ZnCl2) vapor. In this synthetic protocol, metal chloride vapor possesses a very high chemical activity to the interlaminar A metal layers of MAX phases owing to negative Gibbs free energies, accompanied with the fast removal of gaseous A‐containing chlorides in the reaction system. Moreover, some M species can be controllably etched off from the lattice of MX slabs to generate metal vacancies, which have a high reducing ability to implant single‐atom Zn from ZnCl2 vapor. Finally, vacancy‐enriched MXenes are produced after the volatilization of Zn. In this manner, the etching time is less than one‐sixtieth those of liquid phase and molten salt etching approaches. The resultant MXenes can be employed as an efficient platform for implanting single‐atom Pt, showing a low overpotential of 41 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a good long‐term stability up to 5000 cycles.
A New Design Strategy Enables High Mn‐Utilization Rate in Aqueous Zinc–Manganese Batteries: Constructing Cathodic Local Mn‐Rich Region
Authors: Liu Yonghang , Ma Yandong , Zhang Yi , Li Yi , Chen Juan , Wang Lei , Bao Shujuan , Qi Yuruo , Chen Hao , Xu Maowen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe deposition–dissolution mechanism with a two‐electron transfer reaction endows aqueous Zn–Mn batteries with a desirable theoretical energy density. However, due to the limited solubility of traditional manganese‐based materials and the competitive Mn shuttle behavior, the practical performance is unsatisfactory. Herein, by synergistically incorporating a novel Mn‐rich Mn4N cathode with a plasma functionalized carbon nanotubes film (PCNT) interlayer, an aqueous Zn–Mn battery with a high Mn‐utilization rate and high energy/power density is successfully developed. Specifically, the Mn4N cathode boasts high manganese content and dissolution activity, thereby offering a copious supply of Mn2+ ions for the battery system. The PCNT interlayer, with abundant micropore structures and functional groups, not only restrains the Mn2+ shuttle by entrapping the dissolved Mn2+ but also offers copious reaction sites, ensuring concentrating Mn2+ on the cathodic side and maximizing their contribution to the electrochemical reaction. Consequently, Mn4N‐PCNT exhibits a low polarization voltage and superior Mn‐utilization rate (64.8%). Without the MnSO4 additive, Mn4N‐PCNT achieves an ultra‐high energy density of 821.9 W h kg−1 and remarkable long‐term cycling stability (90% capacity retention over 9000 cycles). The delightful results demonstrate the practical application potential of Mn4N‐PCNT and open up new avenues for the rational design of advanced Zn–Mn batteries.
Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and outcomes of primary hepatic angiosarcoma: A single‐center study and literature review
Authors: Wu Pei‐Jui , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Sun Chi‐Shu , Feng I‐Che , Li Wan‐Shan , Ho Chung‐Han , Sheu Ming‐Jen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrimary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) accounts for 0.5% to 2% of all primary hepatic malignancies, and histopathology findings are required to diagnose PHA accurately. This study investigated 12 patients with PHA at a single medical center in southern Taiwan. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, imaging features, histopathology findings, and survival outcomes of patients with PHA. Of the 12 patients, abdominal pain and fullness were the most common symptoms, and their liver biochemistry data and tumor markers were mostly within the normal limits. The liver tumors tended to present as multifocal or diffuse nodules with bilobar involvement. The median overall survival (OS) of the 12 patients after diagnosis was 9 months. Improved OS was observed in the surgery group compared with the nonsurgery group (15 vs. 2 months, p = .003). The median OS of patients in the surgery ± systemic therapy group was superior to that of patients in the systemic therapy group and in the no‐therapy groups (15 vs. 5 vs. 2 months, respectively; p = .012). Complete surgical resection remains the optimal treatment choice, and combined surgery and systemic therapy seem beneficial but require further investigation.
Favorable outcome of non‐myeloablative allogeneic transplantation in adult patients with severe sickle cell disease: A single center experience of 200 patients
Authors: Damlaj Moussab , Alahmari Bader , Alaskar Ahmed , Alhejazi Ayman , Alsadi Husam , Ahmed Mazin , Alanazi Tahani , Ahmed Rasha , Alharbi Amani , Shehabeddine Inaam , Alzaidi Afnan , Alkhuraisat Suha , Mahassnah Isam , Alquraan Hamza , Ballili Maybelle , Alzahrani Mohsen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for adults with severe sickle cell disease (SCD) is potentially curative but not commonly utilized therapy due to complications such as graft failure (GF) and organ toxicity. Herein, we are reporting our long‐term outcome data of non‐myeloablative (NMA) HSCT in adults with severe SCD with emphasis on factors predicting event free survival (EFS). Adults with severe SCD undergoing NMA match‐related donor allogeneic HSCT from 2015 to 2021 with at least 12 months of follow‐up were included. A total of 200 patients were included with a median age of 26 years (14–43) and 56% were male. The median infused CD34 dose was 13.7 (5.07–25.8), respectively. Median absolute neutrophil count engraftment was 19 (13–39) days with 51% of patients receiving GCSF to expedite recovery. A total of 17 patients experienced GF; 3 as primary and 14 as secondary within a median time of 204 days (40–905). A 76% successfully discontinued sirolimus at the last follow‐up. Median follow‐up for the cohort is 29.2 (2.1–71.4) months. Estimated 3‐year EFS and OS were 88.2% (81.9–92.5) and 94.6% (89.2–97.3). At multivariable analysis, minor ABC incompatibility hazard ratio (HR) 4 (1.3–12.1; 0.014) and allo‐antibody against non‐ABO donor antigens HR 4.3 (1.3–14.1; 0.016) were significant for EFS. No clonal evolution or myeloid malignancies were seen. This largest single‐center report of NMA HSCT in adults with severe SCD further delineated its feasibility, potential toxicities, and fertility outcomes. GF remains a major impediment and appears dependent on ABO matching and non‐ABO antibodies.
New insights into patterns of integration in the femur and pelvis among catarrhines
Authors: Cosnefroy Quentin , Berillon Gilles , Gilissen Emmanuel , Brige Pauline , Chaumoître Kathia , Lamberton Franck , Marchal François 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesIntegration reflects the level of coordinated variation of the phenotype. The integration of postcranial elements can be studied from a functional perspective, especially with regards to locomotion. This study investigates the link between locomotion, femoral structural properties, and femur‐pelvis complex morphology.Materials and MethodsWe measured (1) morphological integration between femoral and pelvic morphologies using geometric morphometrics, and (2) covariation between femoral/pelvic morphologies and femoral diaphyseal cross‐sectional properties, which we defined as morpho‐structural integration. Morphological and morpho‐structural integration patterns were measured among humans (n = 19), chimpanzees and bonobos (n = 16), and baboons (n = 14), whose locomotion are distinct.ResultsBaboons show the highest magnitude of morphological integration and the lowest of morpho‐structural integration. Chimpanzees and bonobos show intermediate magnitude of morphological and morpho‐structural integration. Yet, body size seems to have a considerable influence on both integration patterns, limiting the interpretations. Finally, humans present the lowest morphological integration and the highest morpho‐structural integration between femoral morphology and structural properties but not between pelvic morphology and femur.DiscussionMorphological and morpho‐structural integration depict distinct strategies among the samples. A strong morphological integration among baboon's femur‐pelvis module might highlight evidence for long‐term adaptation to quadrupedalism. In humans, it is likely that distinct selective pressures associated with the respective function of the pelvis and the femur tend to decrease morphological integration. Conversely, high mechanical loading on the hindlimbs during bipedal locomotion might result in specific combination of structural and morphological features within the femur.
Control of the Hydroquinone/Benzoquinone Redox State in High‐Mobility Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymers
Authors: Huang Xing , Li Yang , Fu Shuai , Ma Chao , Lu Yang , Wang Mingchao , Zhang Peng , Li Ze , He Feng , Huang Chuanhui , Liao Zhongquan , Zou Ye , Zhou Shengqiang , Helm Manfred , Petkov Petko St. , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa , Li Jian , Xu Wei , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConjugated coordination polymers (c‐CPs) are unique organic–inorganic hybrid semiconductors with intrinsically high electrical conductivity and excellent charge carrier mobility. However, it remains a challenge in tailoring electronic structures, due to the lack of clear guidelines. Here, we develop a strategy wherein controlling the redox state of hydroquinone/benzoquinone (HQ/BQ) ligands allows for the modulation of the electronic structure of c‐CPs while maintaining the structural topology. The redox‐state control is achieved by reacting the ligand TTHQ (TTHQ=1,2,4,5‐tetrathiolhydroquinone) with silver acetate and silver nitrate, yielding Ag4TTHQ and Ag4TTBQ (TTBQ=1,2,4,5‐tetrathiolbenzoquinone), respectively. In spite of sharing the same topology consisting of a two‐dimensional Ag−S network and HQ/BQ layer, they exhibit different band gaps (1.5 eV for Ag4TTHQ and 0.5 eV for Ag4TTBQ) and conductivities (0.4 S/cm for Ag4TTHQ and 10 S/cm for Ag4TTBQ). DFT calculations reveal that these differences arise from the ligand oxidation state inhibiting energy band formation near the Fermi level in Ag4TTHQ. Consequently, Ag4TTHQ displays a high Seebeck coefficient of 330 μV/K and a power factor of 10 μW/m ⋅ K2, surpassing Ag4TTBQ and the other reported silver‐based c‐CPs. Furthermore, terahertz spectroscopy demonstrates high charge mobilities exceeding 130 cm2/V ⋅ s in both Ag4TTHQ and Ag4TTBQ.
Weakly Coordinating Diluent Modulated Solvation Chemistry for High‐Performance Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Sui Simi , Zhou Xunzhu , Lei Kaixiang , Yang Qian , Chu Shenxu , Li Lin , Zhao Yuqing , Gu Mengjia , Chou Shulei , Zheng Shijian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiluents have been extensively employed to overcome the disadvantages of high viscosity and sluggish kinetics of high‐concentration electrolytes, but generally do not change the pristine solvation structure. Herein, a weakly coordinating diluent, hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether (HFME), is applied to regulate the coordination of Na+ with diglyme and anion and form a diluent‐participated solvate. This unique solvation structure promotes the accelerated decomposition of anions and diluents, with the construction of robust inorganic‐rich electrode‐electrolyte interphases. In addition, the introduction of HFME reduces the desolvation energy of Na+, improves ionic conductivity, strengthens the antioxidant, and enhances the safety of the electrolyte. As a result, the assembled Na||Na symmetric cell achieves a stable cycle of over 1800 h. The cell of Na||P’2‐Na0.67MnO2 delivers a high capacity retention of 87.3 % with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % after 350 cycles. This work provides valuable insights into solvation chemistry for advanced electrolyte engineering.
Porous Ceramic Metal‐Based Flow Battery Composite Membrane
Authors: Huang Kang , Mu Feiyan , Hou Xiaoxuan , Cao Hongyan , Liu Xin , Chen Ting , Xia Yu , Xu Zhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn metal‐based flow battery, membranes significantly impact energy conversion efficiency and security. Unfortunately, damages to the membrane occur due to gradual accumulation of metal dendrites, causing short circuits and shortening cycle life. Herein, we developed a rigid hierarchical porous ceramic flow battery composite membrane with a sub‐10‐nm‐thick polyelectrolyte coating to achieve high ion selectivity and conductivity, to restrain dendrite, and to realize long cycle life and high areal capacity. An aqueous zinc‐iron flow battery prepared using this membrane achieved an outstanding energy efficiency of >80%, exhibiting excellent long‐term stability (over 1000 h) and extremely high areal capacity (260 mAh cm−2). Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, in situ infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state NMR analysis, and nano‐computed tomography revealed that the rigid hierarchical pore structures and numerous hydrogen bonding networks in the membrane contributed to the stable operation and superior battery performance. This study contributes to the development of next‐generation metal‐based flow battery membranes for energy and power generation.
Vinyl‐Group‐Anchored Covalent Organic Framework for Promoting the Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Yu Hong , Zhang Fengtao , Chen Qian , Zhou Pan‐Ke , Xing Wandong , Wang Sibo , Zhang Guigang , Jiang Yi , Chen Xiong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe artificial photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts is attracting increasing levels of attention owing to its green, environmentally friendly, and energy‐saving characteristics. Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising materials for promoting photocatalytic H2O2 production owing to their structural and functional diversity, they typically suffer from low charge‐generation and ‐transfer efficiencies as well as rapid charge recombination, which restricts their use as catalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production. Herein, we report a strategy for anchoring vinyl moieties to a COF skeleton to facilitate charge separation and migration, thereby promoting photocatalytic H2O2 generation. This vinyl‐group‐bearing COF photocatalyst exhibits a H2O2‐production rate of 84.5 μmol h−1 (per 10 mg), which is ten‐times higher than that of the analog devoid of vinyl functionality and superior to most reported COF photocatalysts. Both experimental and theoretical studies provide deep insight into the origin of the improved photocatalytic performance. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and modification of organic semiconductors for use in photocatalytic applications.
Simultane Funktionalisierung von Einwandigen Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren von Innen und Außen
Authors: Kraus Jan , Meingast Laura , Hald Janina , Beil Sebastian B. , Biskupek Johannes , Ritterhoff Christian L. , Gsänger Sebastian , Eisenkolb Jasmin , Meyer Bernd , Kaiser Ute , Maultzsch Janina , von Delius Max 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDie Funktionalisierung einwandiger Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren (SWCNTs) auf eine robuste Weise, die das sp2 Kohlenstoffgerüst nicht beeinträchtigt ist in der aktuellen Forschung eine große Herausforderung. Hier beschreiben wir, wie Triiodidsalze von positiv geladenen Makrozyklen verwendet werden können, um SWCNTs nicht nur von außen, sondern auch gleichzeitig von innen zu funktionalisieren. Wir setzten den Disulfidaustausch in wässrigem Lösungsmittel ein, um den solvophoben Effekt zu maximieren und so einen hohen Grad an Makrozyklus Immobilisierung zu erreichen. Die Charakterisierung mittels Raman‐Spektroskopie, EDX‐STEM und HR‐TEM zeigte deutlich, dass dieses nasschemische Funktionalisierungsprotokoll auch zur Verkapselung von Polyiodidketten im Inneren der Nanoröhren führte. Die resultierenden dreischaligen Kompositmaterialien sind redoxaktiv und weisen ein faszinierendes Zusammenspiel von elektrostatischen, solvophoben und mechanischen Effekten auf, was für Anwendungen in der Energiespeicherung von Interesse sein könnte.