bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Large Proximal Splenic Artery Aneurysms in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Joske R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Occurrence of large proximal splenic artery aneurysms in chronic liver disease. R. A. Joske, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 515–517.Two cases are reported of large pre‐splenic aneurysms of the splenic artery in patients with chronic liver disease, and three others cited from the literature. Four of the five died from rupture of the aneurysm. All patients were parous females with chronic liver disease, and in four of the five this was known to be present before pregnancy. It is suggested that proximal splenic artery aneurysms in such patients are due to both haemodynamic changes of portal hypertension and the endocrine changes of pregnancy. This concept may lead to early recognition of these lesions, although there are as yet no certain indications for investigation or surgical intervention in asymptomatic patients.
Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries: Diagnosis by Coronary Angiography and Ventriculography
Authors: Vohra J. , Hare W. , Hunt D. , Sloman G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Corrected transposition of great arteries: Diagnosis by coronary angiography and ventriculography. J. Vohra, W. Hare, D. Hunt and G. Sloman, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 523–527.A patient aged 53, presenting with the clinical picture of congestive cardiomyopathy, was diagnosed as having isolated corrected transposition of great vessels on the basis of the coronary angiographic findings which are discussed in this report.
B Cell Leukaemia Distinguished from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia by Surface Markers
Authors: Forbes I. J. , Zalewski P. D. , Leongi A. S. Y. , Sage R. E. , Dale B. , Cowled P. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: B cell leukaemia distinguished from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by surface markers. I. J. Forbes, P. D. Zalewski, A. S. Y. Leong, R. E. Sage, B. Dale and P. A. Cowled, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 532–538.Four cases of lymphocytic leukaemia were distinguished from CLL by surface marker analysis. CLL cells have relatively little Slg and have the mouse erythrocyte receptor. Cells in these cases had denser Slg and lacked the mouse erythrocyte receptor.The group presented a fairly uniform picture with onset in sixth or seventh decade, very high lymphocyte counts, splenomegaly (gross in three), heavy infiltration of marrow, relative resistance to chemotherapy and response to splenectomy. The lymphocytes were somewhat larger than those usually found in CLL and histological examination showed a quasi‐nodular pattern in lymph nodes with diffuse infiltration of the spleen. Difficulties of classification are discussed.The addition of surface marker analysis to clinical and morphological parameters allows these cases of B‐lymphocytic leukaemia (mouse erythrocyte‐negative B leukaemia) to be distinguished clearly from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The mouse erythrocyte receptor is particularly useful in making this distinction.
The Effect of Westernization on Native Populations. Studies on a Micronesian Community with a High Diabetes Prevalence
Authors: Zimmet P. , Arblaster M. , Thoma K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The effect of westernization on native populations. Studies on a Micronesian community with a high diabetes prevalence.A diabetes prevalence study in 1975 on an isolated urbanized Central Pacific island (Nauru) showed rates comparable to the American Pima Indians—the highest yet recorded in the world literature. This paper reports the results of a follow‐up study and the high prevalence has been confirmed. In this survey of 417 people aged ten years and over, 9‐8% were known diabetics. With a plasma glucose of 160 mg/100 ml or over at two hours after a 75 gram oral glucose load as the criterion of diagnosis, diabetes was detected in a further 19‐2%, making a total diabetic population of 29% in the population studied. The prevalence of diabetes was 44% in people aged 20 years and over. A further 7% had borderline diabetes on the basis of a two‐hour plasma glucose of 140–159 mg/100 ml.Parity did not appear to be a causative factor in relation to the high diabetes prevalence. However, obesity is common in this community and is more marked than that seen in other Pacific or Caucasian communities. The high prevalence of diabetes in this population appears to be related to the inter‐action of environmental factors, such as obesity, with a diabetic genotype. The results confirm the possible detrimental effects of westernization on native populations.
Experience with Large Volume Plasmapheresis in Malignant Paraproteinemia and Immune Disorders
Authors: Isbister J. P. , Biggs J. C. , Penny R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Experience with large volume plasmapheresis in malignant paraproteinaemia and immune disorders.Clinical experience with large volume plasmapheresis in a wide range of malignant and immune disorders is described. An average of 4 litres of plasma was exchanged for various colloid and electrolyte solutions. Patient tolerance was good but close medical and nursing supervision in monitoring fluid balance and adverse reactions to replacement fluids is necessary.Plasmapheresis has been established to be of benefit in immunoproliferative diseases when complicated by hyperviscosity, and may also have a place in other cases with haemostatic or renal impairment. Autoantibodies, alloantibodies and immune complexes can be removed by plasmapheresis, but the effect is usually transient and the procedure should be combined with immunosuppressive therapy in most cases. The removal of blocking factors in disseminated malignant melanoma is an experimental procedure at present, but initial results have been encouraging.
Chronic Cough and Haemoptysis due to a Nematode, “Syngamus Laryngeus”
Authors: Birrell D. J. , Moorhouse D. E. , Gardner M. A. H. , May C. S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Chronic cough and haemoptysis due to a nematode, Syngamus laryngeus. A case of bronchial infection with Syngamus laryngeus (Gapeworm) in a 42‐year‐old woman is described. Following presentation with chronic cough, haemoptysis and weight loss, a pair of worms was removed at bronchoscopy, with resolution of symptoms.
A Testosterone‐Secreting Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Authors: Smith H. C. , Posen S. , Clifton‐Bligh P. , Casey J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: A testosterone‐secreting adrenal cortical adenoma.A virilizing, gonadotrophin ‐responsive adrenal cortical adenoma was removed from a 54‐year‐old woman. Following removal of the tumour, which contained and secreted androgens and estradiol, serum gonado‐trophins rose to menopausal levels and the patient experienced menopausal symptoms. Pre‐operative attempts to localize the source of androgens were unsuccessful.
An Evaluation of Five Years Experience with a Physicians Workshop
Authors: Newble D. I. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: An evaluation of five years experience with a Physicians Workshop.This paper reports five years experience with a new type of continuing education programme for practising physicians. The continued development and the organisation of the programme is described. A high proportion of the hospital's physicians have regularly attended and participated. Annual questionnaire surveys have shown a high degree of satisfaction with the programme and the majority of physicians give it a high priority in their continuing educational activities. The features which appear to be responsible for the success of the programme include the variety of the format, the quality of the presentations, the active participation by all physicians and the fact that the activities are specifically aimed at the practising physician rather than physician trainees.
Serum Pyridoxal Concentrations in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: McCann V. J. , Davis R. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Serum pyridoxal concentrations in patients with diabetic neuropathy.Serum pyridoxal (vitamin B6) concentrations were measured in 50 patients with significant diabetic neuropathy. There were 24 males and 26 females with a mean age of 58·2 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 9·8 years. The level of pyridoxal was significantly lower in these patients when compared with randomly selected diabetic patients matched for age and sex without clinical evidence of neuropathy. There was no significant difference in the duration of the diabetes between the two groups. The results indicate an association between pyridoxal deficiency and neuropathy in diabetic patients.
Treatment of Amenorrhoea, Galactorrhoea and Hypogonadism with Bromocriptine*
Authors: Donald R. A. , Espiner E. A. , Livesey J. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Treatment of amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea and hypogonadism with bromocriptine.The effect of bromocriptine administration was studied in 34 patients, whose presenting symptoms included amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, infertility, dyspareunia, delayed puberty, and impotence. Two patients were found to have raised plasma prolactin values during investigation for acromegaly. With the exception of three individuals all patients had hyperprolactinaemia. Pituitary fossa enlargement or asymmetry was reported in 16 patients and one patient had primary hypothyroidism.Virtually all patients complained of side effects when first starting bromocriptine but only two patients were unable to tolerate prolonged therapy with doses which ranged from 5–40 mg daily. A single oral dose of 2·5 mg resulted in a greater than 50% reduction in plasma prolactin within five hours in 22 of 26 patients. Over the course of one month, five patients with significant pituitary fossa enlargement appeared to show less rapid suppression of plasma prolactin than five patients without fossa enlargement. At two months this trend was still evident but eventually all patients showed acceptable control of plasma prolactin, with the exception of one patient who required pituitary surgery.Galactorrhoea ceased in 13 of 15 patients, menstrual periods resumed in ten of 13 patients, two patients becoming pregnant first. Potency returned and puberty proceeded in two hypogonadal males. Six of the nine patients requesting treatment for infertility became pregnant. It is concluded that bromocriptine provides effective treatment for galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea or gonadal disorders when there is associated hyperprolactinaemia.
Association of Sick Sinus and Lown‐Ganong‐Levine Syndromes*
Authors: Tonkin A. M. , Heddle W. F. , Robinson M. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Association of sick sinus and Lown‐Ganong‐Levine syndromes.A 38‐year‐old woman presented with syncopal attacks for 27 years. The electro‐physiology techniques which enabled the diagnosis of both sinus node dysfunction (sick sinus syndrome) and presence of an atrionodal bypass tract (Lown‐Ganong‐Levine syndrome) are illustrated.
Transient Metastatic Calcification in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Cooper R. A. , Riley J. W. , Middleton W. R. J. , Wiseman J. C. , Hales I. B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Transient metastatic calcification in primary hyperparathyroidism.Metastatic calcification has been visualised on bone scan in many hypercalcaemic states. This report illustrates the phenomenon occurring in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and its subsequent disappearance after therapy.
Pharmacokinetics of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Champion G. D. , Graham G. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Pharmacokinetics of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. G. D. Champion and G. G. Graham, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, Suppl. 1, pp 94–100. The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The only known exception is aspirin. The availability of aspirin is 70% or less due to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract or during first pass through the liver. However, the remainder is absorbed as its pharmacologically active metabolite, salicylate. The NSAID are extensively bound to plasma proteins but the clinical significance of interactions between NSAID due to displacement from plasma proteins is not known. The two compartment open model generally describes the disposition of the NSAID. Both the volume of distribution (Vd
ss
) and clearance of NSAID are low, the volume of distribution being below 0.2 1/kg and clearance below 200 ml/minute in most cases. The concentrations of NSAID in synovial fluid increase slowly after single doses then decrease with similar half‐lives to the terminal ha If‐lives in plasma. Nonlinear kinetics with greater than predicted accumulation occurs with salicylate, sulindac sulphide and possibly alclofena. By contrast, at high doses, the accumulation of naproxen and phenylbutazone is less than predicted. Approximately 50% of doses of azapropazone are excreted unchanged but other NSAID are inactivated by hepatic metabolism and little of the NSAID are excreted unchanged in urine. Because of interpatient differences in pharmacokinetics, dosage regimens of NSAID should be individualised.
Increased Active Rosette Formation in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer after Enzyme Treatment of Lymphocytes In Vitro*
Authors: Walters B. A. J. , Rutherford J. C. , Wall J. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Increased active rosette formation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer after enzyme treatment of lymphocytes in vitro. B. A. J. Walters, J. C. Rutherford and J. R. Wall, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 610–614.Total rosette forming cells (RFC) and active rosette forming cells (ARFC) were estimated in 33 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of cancer. When the 33 patients were grouped according to whether they had cancer or not, there was a distinct difference in the percentage of ARFC (P < 0001 Mann‐Whitney Test); patients with cancer having much lower values (mean 11 6 ±4–5) than patients without cancer (mean 27 2 ± 3–6). Total RFC were generally lower in the cancer group (mean 54‐8 ± 8‐3) than the non‐cancer group (mean 71‐9 ± 4–5) a/though the range was greater. After treatment of the lymphocytes with papain, the percentage of ARFC increased. In the non‐cancer group the levels reached a mean of 74‐8 ± 1–8, indicating that the T lymphocyte population (mean 71‐9 ± 4–5) was converted into cells all having high affinity receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In the cancer group, after papain treatment of the lymphocytes, the percentage of ARFC increased to levels greater than that obtained for total RFC, suggesting a contribution from the null cell population. Serum taken from these patients was shown to produce a decrease in the percentage ARFC obtained from normal, young individuals. Further, this decrease could be partially reversed by papain digestion indicating that serum from cancer patients may contain a factor that masks T
Ultrasound Tomography of the Liver: Non‐invasive Method of Choice for the Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice
Authors: Chu J. M. G. , Cosgrove D. O. , McCready V. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Ultrasound tomography of the liver: Non‐invasive method of choice for the differential diagnosis of jaundice. J. M. G. Chu, D. 0. Cosgrove and V. R. McCready, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 615–619.Grey‐scale ultrasound tomography was used to examine the liver and biliary tree of 100 consecutive unselected jaundiced patients in a prospective study. It was successful in differentiating between hepato‐cellular and obstructive jaundice in 94%. It precisely localised the site of obstruction in 75% of those patients with enlargement of the head of the pancreas from either carcinoma or gall‐stones impacted in the Ampulla of Mater. This figure was reduced to 60% when all cases of obstruction were considered.Cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis were found to be associated with an abnormal pattern of echoes within the liver. These echoes were stronger and more numerous than normal. This association was not apparent with drug‐induced cholestasis or acute viral hepatitis.Grey‐scale ultrasound tomography is quick safe and completely non‐invasive. It should be the initial investigation of choice in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. When precise localisation of an obstruction is not possible after a repeat attempt then percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be considered.
Low Dose Lithium‐Carbimazole in the Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Hedley J. M. , Turner J. G. , Brownlie B. E. W. , Sadler W. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Low dose lithium‐carbimazole in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. J. M. Hedley, J. G. Turner, B. E. W. Brownlie and W. A. Sadler, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 628–630.Fifteen patients with thyrotoxicosis were treated with low dose sustained release lithium carbonate 400 mg, combined with carbimazoie 40 mg daily, and the therapeutic response was followed over a two week period. This response was compared with that obtained in a similar group of patient treated with carbimazoie alone. Li‐carbimazole treatment brought about a fall in the mean total serum T4 of 57 4% compared with a drop of 328% in patients treated with carbimazoie alone. The mean serum T3 fell by 69‐4% in the Li‐carbimazoie group compared with 47‐3% in the group treated with carbimazoie only. No lithium adverse effects were encountered.
Migraine Attacks and Increased Platelet Aggregability Induced by Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Mazal S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Migraine attacks and increased platelet aggregability induced by oral contraceptives. S. Mazal, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 646–648.A case where common and complicated migraine attacks appeared during the course of oral contraception is reported. The attacks of complicated migraine also continued to appear after the contraceptives were stopped. Increased platelet aggregability was found at the time when the complicated migraine attacks were frequent and, therefore, treatment with dipyridamole and aspirin was given. At the time when a gradual reduction of the platelet aggregability was observed, a decrease in the frequency, and eventual disappearance of the complicated migraine attacks was simultaneously seen. Causal relationship between increased platelet aggregability and complicated migraine attacks is suggested.
Thromboembolic Complications of Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Neilson G. H. , Galea E. G. , Hossack K. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Five hundred and eighty‐eight patients with mitral valve disease were studied.The incidence of systemic emboli was found to be higher in patients with pure mitral stenosis (16‐6%) and mixed mitral stenosis and incompetence (19‐4%) than in patients with mitral incompetence (3‐1%).The patients with mitral stenosis who had episodes of systemic emboli tended to be older than 40 years, with moderate or severe valve lesions, atrial fibrillation and moderate or gross enlargement of the left atrial appendage or left atrium. The following factors were found to be unrelated to systemic embolism–associated aortic valve disease, sex, smoking habit, history of rheumatism, parity, haemoglobin, blood urea, pulmonary hypertension, duration of antifailure treatment, presence of heart failure, and cardiothoracic ratio.
Warfarin and Warfarin‐Alcohol Levels in Anticoagulated Patients
Authors: Duffield P. , Duffield A. M. , Kennedy M. , Birkett D. J. , Wade D. N. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The relationship between dosage, prothrombin ratio, and steady‐state plasma concentrations of warfarin and warfarin‐alcohol, were determined in 43 patients regularly attending an anticoagulant clinic.The warfarin and warfarin‐alcohol concentrations were determined by a gas chromatographic mass spectroscopic (GC/MS) method. A significant correlation was found between the dose and the plasma level of warfarin. There was no significant correlation between the prothrombin ratio and the dose of warfarin, the steady‐state plasma levels of warfarin or warfarin‐alcohol, or the sum of their plasma concentrations.Measurement of the plasma levels of warfarin and warfarin‐alcohol is likely to be of little help clinically other than to detect failure of compliance or malabsorption.
The Validity of Screening for Hypercholesterolaemia at Different Ages from 2 to 17 Years*
Authors: Boulton T. J. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: This study was designed to test the proposition that an optimal age for screening for hypercholesterolaemia (HC) might be defined. The samples of children studied included 200 two‐year‐olds, 385 four‐year‐olds, and 230 primary and secondary children aged from eight to 17 years.The 95th percentile value for total serum cholesterol (TC) was used to define HC in children and to select children for family studies. Four of the 15HC two‐year‐olds had an HC parent with three having a history of early coronary heart disease (CHD). Twenty‐three of the 310 parents sampled had HC, 15 having a family history of early CHD, but only four having an HC child.Family studies were done on 20 HC four‐year‐olds of whom half had a positive family history of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Half of each group of parents were HC, but probable familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) was detected only in three parents, environmental causes accounting for the HC of the others.Four primary and five secondary school students were HC, and selected for family studies. A positive family history of CHD was present in two of the primary and all of the secondary students, with five of the seven families having one or more HC parent, one having probable FH.It is proposed that programmes for detecting HC in childhood become valid only from four years of age, and that the presence of a positive family history of early CHD would reduce the proportion of children to be tested to a practical level without significantly impairing the accuracy of the case finding procedure. School entry might provide a suitable time to identify children with HC.
Duration of Action of Pentaerythritol Trinitrate and Nitroglycerine: A Comparison Using Exercise Performance and Haemodynamic Alterations
Authors: Vohra J. , Baker G. , Ross D. , Hunt D. , Sloman G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The duration of action of pentaerythritol trinitrate (PTN), an organic nitrate for sublingual administration, was compared with that of nitroglycerine (NG) by exercise testing and haemodynamic measurements.A group of ten patients (exercise study A) with effort induced angina were exercised on a bicycle 15 and 45 minutes after double blind randomised administration of PTN, NG or a placebo. Each patient was exercised on three separate occasions and acted as his own control. The results showed that PTN was effective at 15 and 45 minutes (P = < 0.01 and <0.02) while NG was active at 15 minutes but not at 45 minutes (P = <0.01 and >0.05).Another group of nine patients (exercise study B) were exercised at 15, 45, 90 and 120 minutes and the exercise performance was significantly improved at 15, 45 minutes (P <0.01), it was better than NG at 90 minutes but did not reach statistical significance (P>0. 05) but did so at 120 minutes (P<0.02).The longer duration of action of PTN was further confirmed by haemodynamic measurements in 18 patients with chronic congestive cardiac failure who were treated with NG or PTN. The fall in mean right atrial (mRA) and mean pulmonary artery wedge (mPAW) pressure in patients treated with NG was maintained up to 30 minutes while patients who received PTN showed a fall in mPAW following PTN which lasted up to 120 minutes.We conclude that PTN has a significantly longer duration of action than NG and may have a place in treatment of patients with ischaemic heart disease and cardiac failure where longer acting sublingual nitrates are indicated.