bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underinsurance of Adolescents: Recommendations for Improved Coverage of Preventive, Reproductive, and Behavioral Health Care Services
Authors:   Committee on Adolescence and Committee on Child Health Financing
Published: December 2008

This Policy Statement was retired October 2014.
The purpose of this policy statement is to address the serious underinsurance (ie, insurance that exists but is inadequate) problems affecting insured adolescents' access to needed preventive, reproductive, and behavioral health care. In addition, the statement addresses provider payment problems that disproportionately affect clinicians who care for adolescents.
Among adolescents with insurance, particularly private health insurance, coverage of needed services is often inadequate. Benefits are typically limited in scope and amount; certain diagnoses are often excluded; and cost-sharing requirements are often too high. As a result, underinsurance represents a substantial problem among adolescents and adversely affects their health and well-being.
In addition to underinsurance problems, payment problems in the form of inadequate payment, uncompensated care for confidential reproductive services, and the failure of insurers to recognize and pay for certain billing and diagnostic codes are widespread among both private and public insurers. Payment problems negatively affect clinicians' ability to offer needed services to adolescents, especially publicly insured adolescents.
« On ne fait pas un pâté de lièvre en faisant rôtir un chat » Pensées sur l'Opéra politique
Authors: Cohen Mitchell 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’auteur de cet article consacré à l’opéra politique et à l’esthétique politique se demande comment les idées politiques et la musique s’équilibrent, s’animent et s’informent mutuellement, dans une perspective dramatique. Si l’exploration d’une forme d’art ne peut être épuisée par des questions politiques, les significations non-esthétiques sont intrinsèques aux opéras. L’auteur propose des questions régulatrices pour juger une œuvre d’art politique telle que l’opéra : l’esthétique qui l’anime, la beauté ou la discorde créées favorisent-t-elles une perception plus aiguë des questions posées par l’œuvre ? Les considérations politiques supportent-elles un examen non-musical ? Monteverdi, Wagner et Verdi sont mobilisés pour élucider ces questions.
Portrait politique en musique
Authors: Delannoi Gil 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Pour saisir l’un des rapports possibles entre musique et politique, l’article examine une situation (l’oppression) et l’une des réponses qu’elle suscite (le portrait). L’ironie, façon d’adresser un signe discret ou de chuchoter un sous-entendu, est ici l’instrument privilégié. On en distingue deux types : d’une part, le conformisme ironique de l’emphase (mécanique chez le perroquet, lourde chez le mauvais comédien) et, d’autre part, l’ironie conforme du reflet (sur le modèle du miroir). Les exemples sont pris dans les œuvres de Haydn, Mozart et Chostakovitch.
Quand le citoyen était musicien... Flûte, aulos et participation publique dans la Cité grecque
Authors: Ramel Frédéric 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Une constante de la pensée politique consiste à définir la Cité antique démocratique comme une société holiste qui impose la participation politique. L’article montre, avec une méthode empruntée à la sociologie musicale, que si certaines pratiques musicales (la flûte et l’ aulos ) reflètent bien l’implication du citoyen dans les affaires publiques, à partir du 5 e siècle, une rupture apparaît. Elle se caractérise par le recours croissant à des techniciens de la musique dans la tragédie, une forme de désengagement des citoyens quant à la pratique de l’instrument, l’apparition d’une frontière entre professionnalisation et amateurisme, et l’utilisation de l’ aulos pour des commandes particulières et non seulement publiques. À partir du lien ténu entre citoyenneté et pratique musicale, on montre alors l’émergence d’une individuation partielle, qui sans aboutir à la constitution d’un Moi moderne favorise l’expression d’une certaine individualité.
Variations sur le Jazz et la politique
Authors: Smadja David 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Partant des études de LeRoi Jones et de Theodor Adorno, cet article a pour objet de mettre en évidence le lien – à première vue, contre-intuitif –, entre le jazz et la modernité politique. Il explore pour ce faire une méthode d’investigation dite « analogique », qui permet d’établir une correspondance heuristique entre jazz, musique et donc culture et société. Défini comme le fruit d’une rencontre entre la culture africaine et la culture occidentale, le jazz fait apparaître une articulation dialectique entre particularisme et universalisme, holisme et individualisme. La musique africaine, pour partie à l’origine du jazz, présente des traits holistiques qui seront remodelés et incorporés aux valeurs structurantes du libéralisme politique (individualisme et universalisme) pour prendre la forme de la « musique de l’esclave citoyen » (LeRoi Jones). Selon Adorno par contre, l’héritage noir n’est plus qu’un voile extérieur masquant la réalité consumériste des sociétés industrielles bourgeoises.
Etrangers et citoyens : un plaidoyer en faveur de l'ouverture des frontières
Authors: Carens Joseph H. 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Quantité de personnes pauvres et opprimées souhaitent quitter leur pays d'origine dans le tiers-monde pour accéder aux sociétés occidentales prospères. Cet essai soutient qu'il est difficilement justifiable de vouloir leur en refuser l'accès. Il montre comment des arguments en faveur de l'ouverture des frontières peuvent être élaborés en partant de trois approches contemporaines différentes en théorie politique : les approches de Rawls, de Nozick et de l'utilitarisme. Le fait que ces trois théories aboutissent à des réponses convergentes sur cette question en dépit de l'importance de leurs désaccords sur d'autres sujets renforce le poids des arguments en faveur de l'ouverture des frontières et laisse apparaître leurs racines dans notre engagement profond en faveur du respect de tous les êtres humains comme des personnes morales libres et égales. La dernière partie de l'essai examine les objections communautariennes à cette conclusion, particulièrement celles de Michael Walzer.
Les sans-papiers et leur droit d'avoir des droits.
Authors: Breyer Insa , Dumitru Speranta 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L'objectif de cet article est de montrer que le refus de régulariser les sans-papiers qui résident depuis longtemps sur le territoire constitue une violation profonde des droits humains. En prenant appui sur le concept de droit d'avoir des droits, tel qu'il a été forgé par Hannah Arendt et élaboré par Seyla Benhabib, nous montrons que sa signification première est le droit d'avoir une existence légale. Nous critiquons les raisons de nature conséquentialiste qui mettent en avant les effets qu'aurait la régularisation des sans-papiers sur la venue de nouveaux migrants non souhaités : cette forme de dissuasion n'est ni efficace, ni juste. Nous soutenons qu'une politique de l'immigration qui se veut toujours « choisie » et jamais « subie » est inacceptable d'un point de vue éthique.
Participation institutionnalisée et confiance : un lien conflictuel
Authors: Landau Matias 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L'article vise à réfléchir sur le rapport existant entre la confiance et la participation institutionnalisée. Tout d'abord, la confiance est définie comme une attente face au monde qui peut être déçue. Cette attente suppose une relation au temps, une mobilisation du savoir, un lien à l'autorité et la possibilité d'une évaluation rétrospective. à partir de cette définition le lien entre participation et confiance est analysé dans les relations établies entre autorités publiques et citoyens dans les démocraties libérales. On examine ensuite comment dans l'actualité la participation institutionnalisée est considérée comme un outil nécessaire pour résoudre le problème de la méfiance que les citadins éprouvent à l'égard des institutions et des autorités publiques. Enfin, on analyse comment le développement de cette participation institutionnalisée ne conduit pas à une réduction de la défiance mais à une transformation de la liaison autorité publique-citoyen, caractérisé par le « gouvernement de la méfiance ».
Des identités politiques
Authors: Fassin Éric 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Si aux Etats-Unis les primaires démocrates opposaient bien en 2008 une femme blanche à un homme noir, au lieu de prendre ces catégories comme des données premières, il convient de s'attacher à la manière dont elles sont le produit d'un travail politique. Ainsi la question fut-elle posée durant la campagne : Hillary Clinton est-elle une femme ­ l'est-elle suffisamment, ou bien à l'excès ? Symétriquement, on s'est interrogé : Barack Obama est-il bien Noir ­ l'est-il assez, ou risque-t-il de le devenir trop ? Sans doute s'agissait-il de contestations (et d'assignations) polémiques ; mais les candidats eux-mêmes en jouaient ­ quitte à inverser les attentes. En particulier, pour séduire les classes populaires blanches, Clinton s'affichait volontiers plus virile qu'Obama : le genre signifiait alors la race. Autrement dit, à rebours des logiques de politique identitaire, et au-delà de l'intersectionnalité, il faut penser la production politique des identités ­ qu'elles soient sexuelles ou raciales.
Factors that distinguish serious versus less severe Strain and sprain injuries: An analysis of electric utility workers
Authors: Kelsh Michael A. , Fordyce Tiffani A. , Lau Edmund C. , Mink Pamela J. , Morimoto Libby M. , Lu Elizabeth T. , Yager Janice W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundOccupational sprain and strain injuries are one of the most common types of nonfatal occupational injuries and a significant source of lost workdays. This study examines factors associated with severe work‐related sprain/strain injuries to the back, shoulder, and knees.MethodsA synthetic case–control study was performed (controls were selected from the same pool of utility workers as cases). Cases included all electric utility workers who had experienced a severe work‐related sprain/strain injury to the back, knee, or shoulder. Primary controls were selected from all workers who had sustained a minor injury. Secondary controls were selected from employees with a minor sprain/strain injury to the back, knee, or shoulder. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsWorkers 41 years and older were more likely to have experienced severe shoulder sprain/strain injuries [Age 41–50: OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.71–7.65; age 51 and older: OR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.89–10.67] and severe back sprain/strain injuries [Age 41–50: OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.33; age 51 and older: OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.90–2.52]. Line workers and maintenance workers had an increased risk of serious sprain/strain injuries. Gender and day of week were not significantly associated with sprain/strain injuries.DiscussionThough this study is limited by available data, future studies may benefit from this preliminary examination of occupational and demographic characteristics associated with serious sprain/strain injuries among electric utility workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:210–220, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of health‐care costs for work‐related injuries in the Mexican Institute of social security
Authors: Carlos‐Rivera Fernando , Aguilar‐Madrid Guadalupe , Gómez‐Montenegro Pablo Anaya , Juárez‐Pérez Cuauhtémoc A. , Sánchez‐Román Francisco Raúl , Durcudoy Montandon Jaqueline E.A. , Borja‐Aburto Víctor Hugo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundData on the economic consequences of occupational injuries is scarce in developing countries which prevents the recognition of their economic and social consequences. This study assess the direct heath care costs of work‐related accidents in the Mexican Institute of Social Security, the largest health care institution in Latin America, which covered 12,735,856 workers and their families in 2005.MethodsWe estimated the cost of treatment for 295,594 officially reported occupational injuries nation wide. A group of medical experts devised treatment algorithms to quantify resource utilization for occupational injuries to which unit costs were applied. Total costs were estimated as the product of the cost per illness and the severity weighted incidence of occupational accidents.ResultsOccupational injury rate was 2.9 per 100 workers. Average medical care cost per case was $2,059 USD. The total cost of the health care of officially recognized injured workers was $753,420,222 USD. If injury rate is corrected for underreporting, the cost for formal injured workers is 791,216,460. If the same costs are applied for informal workers, approximately half of the working population in Mexico, the cost of healthcare for occupational injuries is about 1% of the gross domestic product.ConclusionsHealth care costs of occupational accidents are similar to the economic direct expenditures to compensate death and disability in the social security system in Mexico. However, indirect costs might be as important as direct costs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:195–201, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of generalized argyria after ingestion of colloidal silver solution
Authors: Kim Yangho , Suh Ho Seok , Cha Hee Jeong , Kim Suk Hwan , Jeong Kyoung Sook , Kim Dong Hoon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA 58‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital due to progressive skin darkening, which began 5 months previously. The patient had strikingly diffuse blue‐gray discoloration of the skin, most prominent in sun‐exposed areas, especially her face and hands. The oral mucosa, tongue, gums, eye conjunctiva, ears, nail beds, and trunk were also involved. Bluish‐gray discoloration of all nails was aggravated by cold weather. She had ingested 1 L of colloidal silver solution daily for approximately 16 months as a traditional remedy. Her serum silver concentration was 381 ng/ml which was a very high (reference level: <15 ng/ml). Light microscopic examination of a punch biopsy specimen from her nose revealed fine, minute, round, and brown‐black granules deposited in the basement membrane of hair follicular epithelium. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed electron‐dense granules deposited in the intercellular space of sweat glands. Energy disperse X‐ray spectrometry analysis demonstrated peaks for silver and sulfur in the dense black deposits. The ingestion of colloidal silver appears to be an increasing practice among patients using alternative health practices. All silver‐containing products including colloidal silver should be labeled with a clear warning to prevent argyria, especially in alternative health practices. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:246–250, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato group induced photografting of methyl methacrylate onto polyurethane
Authors: Bhuyan P. K. , Kakati D. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato group present in a variety of compounds acts as an initiator in the photopolymerization processes. The photolability of this group is due to the cleavage of the CS bond by UV irradiation. N,N‐Diethyl dithiocarbamato‐(1,2)‐propane diol with a pendent N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato group was prepared from 3‐chloro‐(1,2)‐propane diol and sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate. A polyurethane macrophotoinitiator was then synthesized by a two‐step process, where N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato‐(1,2)‐propane diol was used as the chain extender. Other components used included 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and poly(propylene glycol) (molecular weight = 1000). The polyurethane thus synthesized had pendent N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato groups. This polyurethane macrophotoinitiator was then used to polymerize methyl methacrylate in a photochemical reactor (Compact‐LP‐MP 88) at 254 nm. The resulting graft copolymer, polyurethane‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate), was freed from the homopolymer by a standard procedure. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, solution viscometry, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Dynamic mechanical analysis of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Nair T. Muraleedharan , Kumaran M. G. , Unnikrishnan G. , Pillai V. B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of blend ratio, crosslinking systems, and fillers on the viscoelastic response of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were studied as functions of frequency, temperature, and cure systems. The storage modulus decreased with increasing SBR content. The loss modulus and loss tangent results showed that the EPDM/SBR blend vulcanizate containing 80 wt % EPDM had the highest compatibility. Among the different cure systems studied, the dicumyl peroxide cured blends exhibited the highest storage modulus. The reinforcing fillers were found to reduce the loss tangent peak height. The blend containing 40 wt % EPDM showed partial miscibility. The dispersed EPDM phase suppressed the glass‐transition temperature of the matrix phase. The dynamic mechanical response of rubbery region was dominated by SBR in the EPDM–SBR blend. The morphology of the blend was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The blend containing 80 wt % EPDM had small domains of SBR particles dispersed uniformly throughout the EPDM matrix, which helped to toughen the matrix and prevent crack propagation; this led to enhanced blend compatibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Influence of surface photocrosslinking on properties of thermoplastic starch sheets
Authors: Zhou Jiang , Ma Yunhai , Zhang Jian , Tong Jin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe surface of glycerol plasticized thermoplastic starch (TPS) sheets was modified by photocrosslinking under ultra violet (UV) irradiation. Sodium benzoate was selected as photosensitizer and induced onto sheet surface layer by soaking the sample sheets in photosensitizer aqueous solution. The effects of concentration of the photosensitizer aqueous solution, soaking time and moisture content in sheets before UV irradiation on the photocrosslinking were investigated. Water contact angle, moisture absorption, and mechanical properties were measured to characterize the influence of the surface photocrosslinking modification on the properties of TPS sheets. The obtained results showed that the surface photocrosslinking treatments markedly reduced the water sensitivity of TPS sheets and enhanced their tensile strength and Young's modulus but decreased the elongation at break. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The effect of high pressure processing on the morphology of polyethylene films tested by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction and its influence on the permeability of the polymer
Authors: Yoo Seungran , Lee Jaesung , Holloman Christopher , Pascall Melvin A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of high‐pressure processing on the morphology and permeability of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films used for food packaging. This was done by monitoring the crystallinity, melting temperature (Tm), and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the materials before and after the pressure treatments. A first set of pouches made from the LDPE films were filled with 95% ethanol then pressured at 200, 400, 600, and 800 MPa for 5 and 10 min at 25 and 75°C. The crystallinity and Tm of the films were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to determine the crystallinity. A second set of LDPE pouches were similarly made but a half of them were filled with 95% ethanol and the other half filled with distilled water. These second set of pouches were pressured at 200, 600, and 800 MPa then their OTR tested. Results of the DSC experiments showed that the Tm increased with increasing pressure intensity but the crystallinity changes were not detectible. The XRD method on the other hand, showed significant (P < 0.05) crystallinity increases with increasing pressure treatments. The gas permeability analyses showed decreasing OTR's with increasing high‐pressure intensity treatments. The OTR in the pouches filled with the 95% ethanol was slightly lower than that of the pouches filled with water. These findings allowed us to better anticipate the behavior of LDPE films used to package high‐pressure processed foods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A study on the flame‐retardance of poly(vinyl chloride) incorporated with metal hydroxystannates
Authors: Zhang Bo , Jiao Yunhong , Xu Jian Zhong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this article some metal hydroxystannates were synthesized. It shows that the ZHS with Fe2SnO3.3H2O imparts fairly good flame retardance to the plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC). The thermal stability and flammability on heating and burning were explored by TG/DTA. Study on mechanical properties of PVC had also been performed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Comparative study on methods of detecting research fronts using different types of citation
Authors: Shibata Naoki , Kajikawa Yuya , Takeda Yoshiyuki , Matsushima Katsumori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this article, we performed a comparative study to investigate the performance of methods for detecting emerging research fronts. Three types of citation network, co‐citation, bibliographic coupling, and direct citation, were tested in three research domains, gallium nitride (GaN), complex network (CNW), and carbon nanotube (CNT). Three types of citation network were constructed for each research domain, and the papers in those domains were divided into clusters to detect the research front. We evaluated the performance of each type of citation network in detecting a research front by using the following measures of papers in the cluster: visibility, measured by normalized cluster size, speed, measured by average publication year, and topological relevance, measured by density. Direct citation, which could detect large and young emerging clusters earlier, shows the best performance in detecting a research front, and co‐citation shows the worst. Additionally, in direct citation networks, the clustering coefficient was the largest, which suggests that the content similarity of papers connected by direct citations is the greatest and that direct citation networks have the least risk of missing emerging research domains because core papers are included in the largest component.
Synthesis of Alginate Oligosaccharides Containing L‐Guluronic Acids
Authors: Chi Fa‐Chen , Kulkarni Suvarn S. , Zulueta Medel Manuel L. , Hung Shang‐Cheng 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMaking ends meet: The L‐gulopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate and 1,6‐anhydro‐2,3‐di‐O‐benzyl‐β‐L‐gulopyranose, efficiently derived from L‐ascorbic acid, were individually used as a starting unit and an elongation unit to prepare L‐guluronic acid linked alginate oligosaccharides in excellent α selectivity and in good yields.magnified image