bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triphenyltin hydroxide as a precursor for the synthesis of nanosized tin‐doped TiO2 photocatalysts
Authors: Fresno Fernando , Tudela David , Maira A. Javier , Rivera Francisco , Coronado Juan M. , Soria Javier 
Published: December 2005

Abstract1H and 119Sn NMR results indicate that, when Ph3SnOH is dissolved in CD2Cl2, it dehydrates to (Ph3Sn)2O, only a small amount of Ph3SnOH remaining in equilibrium at room temperature. As a result, the reaction of TiCl4 with Ph3SnOH in CH2Cl2 proceeds via hydrolysis of the halide to precipitate amorphous TiO2 that contains adsorbed organotin species. Calcination of the amorphous precursor to 723 K yields nanoparticles of tin‐doped TiO2 photocatalysts, that contain anatase and rutile phases, and may also contain a segregated SnO2 phase. The reaction conditions that lead to the formation of a SnO2 phase have been studied and we have found that it is formed when the amorphous precipitate is not thoroughly washed with CH2Cl2 or when non‐recrystallized commercial Ph3SnOH is used as a starting material. The catalysts obtained have a high activity for the photooxidation of toluene in the gas phase. In particular, a material obtained from non‐recrystallized Ph3SnOH is particularly promising because the toluene photooxidation rate is more than twice as high as when using Degussa P25. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH sensitive interpenetrating network microgels of sodium alginate‐acrylic acid for the controlled release of ibuprofen
Authors: Ramesh Babu V. , Krishna Rao K. S. V. , Sairam M. , Naidu B. Vijaya Kumar , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractpH‐Sensitive interpenetrating network (IPN) microgels (MGs) of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and acrylic acid have been prepared by using water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion technique. The MGs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffractometer (X‐RD). The release of ibuprofen (IB), an anti‐inflammatory drug, from these MGs was studied in pH 1.2 and 7.4 media. MG network consists of NaAlg, which disintegrates in the intestinal fluid, while poly(acrylic acid) provides pH‐sensitivity to the microgel network. The system developed in this study showed a pH‐sensitivity for the release of IB, which was attributed to the diffusion controlled release of the drug through the surfaces of MGs that undergo disintegration after swelling, depending upon the chemical composition of MGs and pH of the medium. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Thermal degradation of poly(dimethylsilylene) and poly(tetramethyldisilylene‐co‐styrene)
Authors: Radhakrishnan T. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThermal degradation of poly(dimethylsilylene) homopolymer (PDMS) and poly(tetramethyldisilylene‐co‐styrene) copolymer (PTMDSS) was investigated by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography and thermogravimetry (TG). PDMS decomposes by depolymerization, producing linear and cyclic oligomeric products, whereas PTMDSS decomposes by random degradation along the chain resulting in each monomeric product and various other combination products. The homopolymer was found to be much less stable than the copolymer. The decomposition mechanisms leading to the formation of various products are shown. The kinetic parameters of thermal degradation were evaluated by different integral methods using TG data. The activation energies of decomposition (E) for the homopolymer and the copolymer are found to be 122 and 181 kJ/mol, respectively, and the corresponding values of order of reaction are 1 and 1.5. The observed difference in the thermal stability and the values of the kinetic parameters for decomposition of these polymers are explained in relation with the mechanism of decomposition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Electrochemical behavior of a new type of perfluorinated carboxylate membrane/platinum composite
Authors: Jeong Ho Young , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new type of ionomeric polymer–metal composite (IPMC) based on various compositions of perfluoroalkylacrylate‐acryl acid copolymer with different types of counter cation has been synthesized by a radical copolymerization of fluoroalkylacrylate (FA) and acrylic acid (AA). Swelling behavior of the membranes was studied in deionized water as well as in aqueous single salt solutions (LiCl and NaCl). Swell of membrane increased with the increase in ionic content of the copolymer. Swell in deionized water was much higher than in aqueous single salt solution. To examine its performance as a new electroactive polymer, actuation force and displacement responses to DC and step voltage across the IPMC were measured. Results indicated that membranes prepared from 75/25 (FA/AA) (FA25) gave an adequate flexibility and proper hydrated state, allowing easy deflection toward the applied voltage. Surface morphology measurements (atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) showed that platinum particles are predominantly located at the surfaces. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Two‐dimensional NMR studies of styrene/n‐butyl acrylate copolymers synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Brar A. S. , Puneeta  
Published: December 2005

AbstractCopolymers of styrene and n‐butyl acrylate were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuBr/N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyl‐diethylenetriamine as catalyst and Methyl 2‐bromopropionate as initiator. The polydispersity of the copolymers is quite low (1.1–1.3). 13C {1H} NMR spectra of these copolymers show that the methylene and methine signals of the main chain are compositional sensitive and highly overlapped. Even the distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) was not able to assign the complex and overlapping signals. Assignments of the various resonance signals were done with the help of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Variability of teleconnections between the Atlantic subtropical high and the Indian monsoon low and related impacts on summer temperature over Egypt
Authors: Hasanean H. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA robust subtropical circulation index (SCI) is defined as the difference between the North Atlantic subtropical high and the Indian monsoon low. The SCI is negatively correlated to air temperatures over Egypt and is associated with large‐scale climate indices of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic sector. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
The impact of increase in CO2 on the simulation of tropical biennial oscillations (TBO) in 12 coupled general circulation models
Authors: Nanjundiah Ravi S. , Vidyunmala V. , Srinivasan J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Tropical Biennial Oscillation (TBO) in coupled GCM simulations over the Indo–Pacific region in IPCC‐AR4 scenarios of 280 (PI) and 720 (FS) ppm of CO2 (both stable) are investigated. In many models, TBO is more prominent in FS in Nino3.4 SST and rainfall but less prominent in Indian Ocean SST. TBO, as primary mode (mode with highest power), is simulated by more models in Indian and Australian rainfall during FS. Thus, the Indo–Pacific teleconnection through Walker circulation rather than local forcing over the Indian Ocean could be responsible for increased TBO in Indian and Australian rainfall. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene: A critical review of teratogenicity
Authors: Hardin Bryan D. , Kelman Bruce J. , Brent Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTrichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloroethylene (DCE) are high‐volume industrial chemicals frequently found as contaminants in public drinking water supplies. The developmental toxicity of both chemicals has been evaluated in laboratory and epidemiologic studies. It has been suggested that TCE and DCE are specific cardiac teratogens and that drinking water contaminated with them increases the risk of congenital heart defects in exposed human populations. In contrast, other laboratory and epidemiologic studies do not find an increase in developmental effects, either in general or specifically affecting the heart. This laboratory and epidemiologic base was reviewed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the conflicting published reports. We conclude that the weight of experimental and epidemiologic evidence does not support the hypothesis that TCE or DCE is a selective developmental toxicant in general or a cardiac teratogen specifically. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and redox properties of cytochrome c552 from Thermus thermophilus adsorbed on different self‐assembled thiol monolayers, used to model the chemical environment of the redox partner
Authors: Bernad Sophie , Soulimane Tewfik , Mehkalif Zineb , Lecomte Sophie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe structure of cytochrome c552 (Cyt‐c552) from Thermus thermophilus shows many differences to other c‐type cytochromes. The rich lysine domain close to the heme does not exist in this cytochrome, allowing us to postulate that the interaction with its redox partner must be different to the cytochrome c/cytochrome c oxidase interaction. We report a study of Cyt‐c552 adsorbed on self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of functionalized alkanethiols used to mimic the chemical properties of its redox partner (ba3‐oxydase). Hydrophilic (—COOH), polar (—OH), hydrophobic (—CH3), and mixed (—OH/—CH3) SAMs grafted on roughened silver electrodes were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) was employed to determine the structure and the redox properties (E° and number of transferred electron) of the heme of Cyt‐c552 adsorbed on roughened silver electrodes coated by the different SAMs. The surface that most closely models the environment of the ba3‐oxidase is a mixed SAM formed by 50% polar [Ag–(CH2)5–CH2OH] and 50% hydrophobic [Ag–(CH2)5–CH3] alkanethiols. Only the native form B1(6cLS) of Cyt‐c552 is detected by SERRS when the protein is adsorbed on such a surface that promotes a protein orientation favorable for the electron transfer (number of transferred electron = 1). We shall discuss the differences and similarities of the electron‐transfer mechanism of Cyt‐c552 compared to cyt‐c. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 407–418, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
E230Q mutation of the catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase affects local structure and the binding of peptide inhibitor
Authors: Ung Man‐Un , Lu Benzhuo , McCammon J. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe active site of the mammalian cAMP‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (C‐subunit) has a cluster of nonconserved acidic residues—Glu127, Glu170, Glu203, Glu230, and Asp241—that are crucial for substrate recognition and binding. Studies have shown that the Glu230 to Gln mutant (E230Q) of the enzyme has physical properties similar to the wild‐type enzyme and has decreased affinity for a short peptide substrate, Kemptide. However, recent experiments intended to crystallize ternary complex of the E230Q mutant with MgATP and protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) could only obtain crystals of the apo‐enzyme of E230Q mutant. To deduce the possible mechanism that prevented ternary complex formation, we used the relaxed‐complex method (Lin, J.‐H., et al. J Am Chem Soc 2002, 24, 5632–5633) to study PKI binding to the E230Q mutant C‐subunit. In the E230Q mutant, we observed local structural changes of the peptide binding site that correlated closely to the reduced PKI affinity. The structural changes occurred in the F‐to‐G helix loop and appeared to hinder PKI binding. Reduced electrostatic potential repulsion among Asp241 from the helix loop section and the other acidic residues in the peptide binding site appear to be responsible for the structural change. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 428–439, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Pathological features as predictors of recurrence after radical resection of gastric cancer
Authors: Buzzoni R , Bajetta E , Di Bartolomeo M , Miceli R , Beretta E , Ferrario E , Mariani L 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and timing of recurrence and to determine associated risk factors after radical resection of gastric cancer including D2 dissection.

Methods
A total of 274 patients who had undergone radical resection of gastric cancer with nodal involvement or T3–4 tumour were randomized to receive chemotherapy or no further treatment (control group). Locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis were analysed in a competing risks framework, by estimating the crude cumulative incidence in each group. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the influence of treatment and pathological features on the risk of recurrence.

Results
Overall, the 7 year rate of locoregional relapse was 15·8 per cent and that of distant recurrence was 34·5 per cent. There was a significant association between pathological node (pN) stage and distant relapse (P &lt; 0·001), and between pathological tumour (pT) stage and locoregional recurrence (P = 0·024). Chemotherapy had no significant effect on either locoregional or distant recurrence.

Conclusion
The rate of locoregional recurrence after radical surgery for gastric cancer was lower than that in studies based on more conservative surgery. The pT stage was related to the rate of locoregional recurrence whereas pN stage had an impact on distant recurrence.
Clinical significance of immunohistochemically detectable lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater
Authors: Mizuno T , Ishizaki Y , Ogura K , Yoshimoto J , Kawasaki S 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of immunohistochemically identified lymph node metastasis on survival in patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.

Methods
Three hundred and twenty-six regional lymph nodes dissected from pancreatoduodenectomy specimens from 25 patients with ampulla of Vater carcinoma were immunostained with anticytokeratin antibody (CAM 5·2®). The clinicopathological significance of immunohistochemically detectable lymph node metastasis was evaluated and compared with that of other potential prognostic factors.

Results
The frequency of lymph node involvement in relation to the total number of dissected lymph nodes increased from 5·5 per cent (18 of 326) using haematoxylin and eosin staining to 9·5 per cent (31 of 326) using cytokeratin immunostaining (P &lt; 0·001). Lymph node involvement was revealed by haematoxylin and eosin staining in eight of 25 patients and by cytokeratin immunostaining in 11 of 25 patients (P = 0·006). Absence of immunohistochemically detectable lymph node metastasis was identified as an independent predictor of improved postoperative survival.

Conclusion
Immunostaining of dissected lymph nodes adds additional information to data obtained by conventional haematoxylin and eosin staining when determining the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
Randomized clinical trial examining psychosocial and quality of life benefits of bilateral breast reduction surgery
Authors: Iwuagwu O C , Walker L G , Stanley P W , Hart N B , Platt A J , Drew P J 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim was to determine the effects of bilateral reduction mammaplasty on quality of life and psychosocial functioning in women with mammary hypertrophy.

Methods
Seventy-three women who were referred to either the Hull Breast Unit or Hull Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit were randomized to early or delayed surgery. Both groups had quality of life and psychosocial assessment. Each group underwent two sets of tests. Women who had early bilateral breast reduction were tested before and at 4 months after surgery, whereas those in the control group were tested at the time of randomization and 4 months later, before undergoing surgery.

Results
All 73 women completed the study. Mean age was 39 years, and the two groups were well matched for age, body mass index and breast dimension. There were highly significant differences between groups in scores measured on the Functional Assessment of Non-Life Threatening Conditions version 4, EuroQoL, and both mental and physical scales of Short Form 36 (P &lt; 0·001). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised demonstrated a statistically significant increase in extroversion and emotional stability in the early treatment group.

Conclusion
Reduction mammaplasty significantly improved quality of life, and increased extroversion and emotional stability.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Catalytic Properties of MgCo6Ge6
Authors: Gieck Christine , Schreyer Martin , Fässler Thomas F. , Cavet Sylwia , Claus Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe ternary compound MgCo6Ge6 represents a novel member of the RM6X6 phases, which contains a graphite‐type Ge network, Kagomé nets of Co atoms, and Ge2 dumbbells with an unexpected short GeGe contact in the range of a localized GeGe single bond. The title compound shows a large variety of chemical bonding, which ranges from metallic to multicenter and covalent bonding. The role of polar intermetallic alloys as promising candidates for the application as catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is discussed. MgCo6Ge6 possesses a remarkable activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of cis/trans‐citral to geraniol and nerol.
Self‐Assembled, Kinetically Locked, RuII‐Based Metallomacrocycles: Physical, Structural, and Modeling Studies
Authors: de Wolf Paul , Waywell Phil , Hanson Matt , Heath Sarah L. , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Teat Simon J. , Thomas Jim A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBy using a “complex as ligand approach,” the metal‐ion‐templated self‐assembly of heterometallic teteranuclear metallomacrocycles containing kinetically locked RuII centers is described. Depending on the metal‐ion template employed in the self‐assembly process, the final macrocycle can be kinetically labile or inert. Electrochemical studies reveal that the kinetically inert macrocycles display reversible RuIII/II oxidation couples. The crystal structure of a kinetically inert Ru2Re2 macrocycles reveals a structurally complex palmate anion‐binding pocket. Host–guest studies carried out with the same macrocyle in organic solvents reveals that the complex functions as a luminescent sensor for anions and that binding affinity and luminescent modulation is dependent on the structural nature and charge of the guest anion. Computational density functional theory (DFT) studies support the hypothesis that the luminescence of the macrocycle is from a 3MLCT state and further suggests that the observed guest‐induced luminescence changes are most likely due to modulation of nonradiative decay processes.
Photophysical Studies of Anion‐Induced Colorimetric Response and Amplified Fluorescence Quenching in Dipyrrolylquinoxaline‐Containing Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Yang , Chen Min‐Shen , Lin Chih‐An , Lin Su‐Ching , Sun Shih‐Sheng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe dipyrrolylquinoxaline (DPQ)‐containing monomer and polymers were synthesized and employed as chromogenic and fluorescent chemosensors for inorganic anions. We have found that in the presence of fluoride or pyrophosphate, the receptors do not form hydrogen bonds between the pyrrole protons and anions. The colorimetric responses and fluorescence quenching in these chemosensors are indeed the result of deprotonation of the N‐H proton. The anion selectivity is primarily determined by the relative basicity of anions. The sensitivity of DPQ‐based chemosensor was found to display a 34‐fold enhancement by incorporation into the conjugated polymer. The anion‐induced deprotonation generates low‐energy, non‐fluorescent trapping sites and is responsible for the signal amplification where the quenching of the excited state occurs from the deprotonated DPQ site in the network by rapid exciton migration along the polymeric backbone.
Novel 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole‐Based Red‐Fluorescent Dyes with Enhanced Two‐Photon Absorption Cross‐Sections
Authors: Kato Shin‐ichiro , Matsumoto Taisuke , Shigeiwa Motoyuki , Gorohmaru Hideki , Maeda Shuuichi , Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Mataka Shuntaro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper reports the two‐photon absorbing and orange‐red fluorescence emitting properties of a series of new 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD)‐based D–π–A–π–D‐type and star‐burst‐type fluorescent dyes. In the D–π–A–π–D‐type dyes 1–6, a central BTD core was connected with two terminal N,N‐disubstituted amino groups via various π‐conjugated spacers. The star‐burst‐type dyes 8 and 10 have a three‐branched structure composed of a central core (benzene core in 8 and triphenylamine core in 10) and three triphenylamine‐containing BTD branches. All the BTD‐based dyes displayed intense orange‐red color fluorescence in a region of 550–689 nm, which was obtained by single‐photon excitation with good fluorescent quantum yield up to 0.98 as well as by two‐photon excitation. Large two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross‐sections (110–800 GM) of these BTD dyes were evaluated by open aperture Z‐scan technique with a femtosecond Ti/sapphire laser. The TPA cross‐sections of D–π–A–π–D‐type dyes 2–6 with a benzene, thiophene, ethene, ethyne, and styrene moiety, respectively, as an additional π‐conjugated spacer are about 1.5–2.5 times larger than that of 1 c with only a benzene spacer. The TPA cross‐sections significantly increased in three‐branched star‐burst‐type BTDs 8 (780 GM) with a benzene core and 10 (800 GM) with a triphenylamine core, which are about 3–5 times larger than those of the corresponding one‐dimensional sub‐units 9 (170 GM) and 11 (230 GM), respectively. The ratios of σ/eπ between three‐branched and one‐dimensional dyes were 6.5:3.8 (for 8 and 9) and 6.0:4.0 (for 10 and 11), which are larger than those predicted simply on the basis of the chromophore number density (1:1), according to a cooperative enhancement of the two‐photon absorbing nature in the three‐branched system.