bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Control’ in Pauline Language and Culture: A Study of Rom 6
Authors: Aageson James W. 
Published: February 2009

Certainly since the groundbreaking work of Ferdinand de Saus-sure, the social character of language has been axiomatic for most linguists. Saussure writes: ‘The structure of a language is a social product of our language faculty. At the same time, it is also a body of necessary conventions adopted by society to enable members of society to use their language faculty.’ Eugene Nida and Johannes Louw, writing in the supplement to their New Testament lexicon, acknowledge the connection between their treatment of semantics and sociology, but they refrain from specifying what they think the relationship between language and society to be. Nida is somewhat more forthcoming in his study of componential analysis when he writes:There are analogies between the structure of a culture and the semantic structure of a corresponding language, but there is no set of one-to-one correspondences. A language must be free to describe a variety of possibilities, including those which have not as yet entered the culture. Nevertheless, the language does reflect in certain aspects of its semantic structure those aspects of the culture which for one reason or another have become salient in the lexical contrasts.
A Paradigm Perplex: Luke, Matthew and Mark
Authors: Downing F. Gerald 
Published: February 2009

In their recent survey of the synoptic problem E. P. Sanders and M. Davies argue that a complicated solution must be held to be the most likely, and conclude,Mark probably did sometimes conflate material which came separately to Matthew and Luke (so the Griesbach hypothesis), and Matthew probably did conflate material which came separately to Mark and Luke (the twosource hypothesis). Thus we think that Luke knew Matthew (so Goulder, the Griesbachians and others) and that both Luke and Matthew were the original authors of some of their sayings material (so especially Goulder). Following Boismard, we think it likely that one or more of the gospels existed in more than one edition, and that the gospels as we have them may have been dependent on more than one proto- or intermediate gospel.
On Further Defining the First–Century CE Synagogue: Fact or Fiction? a Rejoinder to H. C. Kee
Authors: Atkinson Kenneth 
Published: February 2009

Recently in this journal H. C. Kee has exposed and refuted perceived anachronistic notions concerning the existence of the pre-70 CE synagogue.1According to Kee's thesis, the pre-70 CE synagogue was not a distinctive architectural edifice, but a voluntary gathering place for worship. Kee writes:The earliest distinct buildings date from the third century, and vary widely in style and interior arrangements. There is simply no evidence to speak of synagogues in Palestine as architecturally distinguishable edifices prior to 200 CE. Evidence of meeting places: ‘Yes’, both in private homes and in public buildings. Evidence of distinctive architectural features of a place of worship or for study of Torah: ‘No’.2As a result, Kee attempts to redate the Theodotus inscription, our major epigraphical source for the pre-70 CE Palestinian synagogue, to the ‘mid–second to late third century CE’.3This late dating is necessary in Kee's theory, since this inscription documents a succession of synagogue rulers, extending back to Theodotus’ grandfather, which would place the Palestinian synagogue and its institutions well into the first century BCE.
‘To Master his own Vessel’. 1 thess 4.4 in Light of new Qumran Evidence
Authors: Elgvin Torleif 
Published: February 2009

A parenetic text from Qumran, which is only unofficially published, refers to‘the vessel of your bosom’. This passage might shed new light on the enigmatic σκη⋯оς of 1 Thess 4.4.The passage in question belongs to one of the admonition sections of Sapiential Work A from Qumran. Sap. Work A is a sapiential composition preserved in seven fragmentary copies, one from Cave 1 (1Q26) and six from Cave 4 (4Q415/416/417/418a/418b/423). Six copies display early Herodian script (30 BC – 20 AD), while one (4Q423) represents a late Herodian hand (1 – 50 AD). The high number of copies and the fact that this book was being copied even until a late stage in the history of the Qumran settlement shows that it was highly regarded within the Essene Community.
Excystation ofCryptosporidium parvumat temperatures that are reached during solar water disinfection
Authors: GÓMEZ-COUSO H. , FONTÁN-SAINZ M. , FERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO J. , ARES-MAZÁS E. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYSpecies belonging to the generaCryptosporidiumare recognized as waterborne pathogens. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple method that involves the use of solar radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause waterborne diseases. A notable increase in water temperature and the existence of a large number of empty or partially excysted (i.e. unviable) oocysts have been observed in previous SODIS studies with water experimentally contaminated withCryptosporidium parvumoocysts under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the temperatures that can be reached during exposure of water samples to natural sunlight (37–50°C), on the excystation ofC. parvumin the absence of other stimuli. In samples exposed to 40–48°C, a gradual increase in the percentage of excystation was observed as the time of exposure increased and a maximum of 53·81% of excystation was obtained on exposure of the water to a temperature of 46°C for 12 h (versus8·80% initial isolate). Under such conditions, the oocyst infectivity evaluated in a neonatal murine model decreased statistically with respect to the initial isolate (19·38%versus100%). The results demonstrate the important effect of the temperature on the excystation ofC. parvumand therefore on its viability and infectivity.
The natural course and the impact of therapies of cardiac involvement in the mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Fesslová Vlasta , Corti Paola , Sersale Giovanna , Rovelli Attilio , Russo Pierluigi , Mannarino Savina , Butera Gianfranco , Parini Rossella 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze cardiac involvement and its progression in mucopolysaccharidoses, and to assess the short term impact of new therapeutic strategies.Patients and methodsWe studied echocardiographically 57 patients with various types of mucopolysaccharidoses, specifically types I, II, III, IV and VI, with a median age at the diagnosis of cardiac involvement of 5 years, following them for a median of 4.6 years, with a range from 0.9 to 21.2 years. We used a scoring system, along with the so-called delta score, to quantify the severity of involvement at baseline and at last examination, and to chart their progression over time.ResultsCases with cardiac involvement increased from 59.6% to 87.3% at the last examination. The scores increased with age, and were significantly different according to the specific type of mucopolysaccharidosis. Involvement of the mitral valve was most common, often associated with an aortic valvar anomaly and/or left ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with the first and second types had more severe involvement than those with the third or fourth types. Patients undergoing transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells seem to stabilize after an initial worsening while, in contrast, we were unable to demonstrate an effect of enzyme replacement therapy on the progression of the cardiac disease, possibly because those receiving such treatment had a higher median age, more severe cardiac disease and shorter follow-up.ConclusionsCardiac involvement was present early in more than a half of the patients identified as having mucopolysaccharidosis, and generally progressed, being more frequent and severe in the first and second types of the disease. Longer follow-up is needed to demonstrate any significant improvement induced by new therapies.
Outcomes Measurement and Management: Cost and Benefits of Reflective Supervision
Authors: Vega-Barachowitz Carmen D. , Brown Jean C. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The article explores the cost and benefits of reflective supervision by using journalizing. Ten students’ journals are analyzed using content analysis to look for recurring themes and categories. The final categories are used to make assertions about how student clinicians and their supervisor used the journals to work through critical issues in a university pre-school program. Eight assertions are made about the ways student clinicians used journals and they include: asking for help, venting anger, solving problems, speculating, reflecting, tattling, and giving the supervisor positive and negative feedback. Five assertions are made about how their supervisor used the journals. The journals were used to affirm, to comment, to reinforce behaviors, to share experiences, and to express anger. The findings suggest that journals are a useful tool for clinical teaching.
Do I really need to get up and do this again? Why can’t I just stay in the bed and pull the covers over my head? It is the beginning of the semester. I get a new group of graduate students and they get the same old lecture. How many times have I done this orientation? I’mlosing track of time. Maybe this group will be better. OK. I’ll just get up and get it over with.
It’s the end of the first day. That wasn’t so bad. “Jean, can I talk to you? Would now be a good time?” Oh, no! What is it now? Is she going to tell me that she hates this practica? Is she going to tell me that she’s quitting? “Jean, I really want to talk about the journals. I’ve been looking over the format and I just don’t want to share myself, but I don’t want this to effect my grade.”
Documenting the Impact of Assistive Listening Technology in the Classroom
Authors: Palmer Catherine V. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
When assistive technology is recommended for an individual or group in a classroom, the professional must be prepared to provide data regarding the impact of the listening system. Teachers, parents, and school administrators require data to document the effectiveness of any recommendation that will ultimately impact their classrooms, children, and bottom line. Traditionally, clinical measurements and questionnaires have been used to document the efficacy of using assistive listening technology for a particular child. Clinical measurements lack the face validity needed to communicate expected results in the classroom. Questionnaires are fraught with problems of bias from the respondees. This article presents a method of structured observation that we have used to evaluate the impact of assistive technology on individual children and classrooms. A case study is presented as an example of the use of this technique.
Broadband and omnidirectional antireflection from conductive indium-tin-oxide nanocolumns prepared by glancing-angle deposition with nitrogen
Authors: Chang C. H. , Yu Peichen , Yang C. S. 
Published: February 2009

Characteristic formation of highly oriented indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanocolumns is demonstrated using electron-beam evaporation with an obliquely incident nitrogen flux. The nanocolumn material exhibits broadband and omnidirectional antireflective characteristics up to an incidence angle of 70° for the 350–900 nm wavelength range for both s- and p-polarizations. Calculations based on a rigorous coupled-wave analysis indicate that the superior antireflection arises from the tapered column profiles which collectively function as a gradient-index layer. Since the nanocolumns have a preferential growth direction which follows the incident vapor flux, the azimuthal and polarization dependence of reflectivities are also investigated. The single ITO nanocolumn layer can function as antireflection contacts for light emitting diodes and solar cells.
At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted effective 1 July 2014.
Impact of a Mandatory Infection Control Education Program on Nosocomial Acquisition of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lee Todd C. , Moore Christine , Raboud Janet M. , Muller Matthew P. , Green Karen , Tong Agnes , Dhaliwal Jastej , McGeer Allison ,   Mount Sinai Hospital Infection Control Team
Published: February 2009

Objective.To assess the impact of an institution-wide infection control education program on the rate of transmission of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Design.Before-and-after study.Setting.A 472-bed, urban, university-affiliated hospital.Intervention.During the period March-May 2004, all hospital staff completed a mandatory infection control education program, including the receipt of hospital-specific MRSA data and case-based practice with additional precautions.Outcome Measure.The rate of nosocomial MRSA acquisition was calculated as the number of cases of nosocomial MRSA acquisition per 100 days that a person with MRSA colonization or infection detected at admission is present in the hospital (“admission MRSA” exposure-days) for 3 time periods: June 2002-February 2003 (before the Toronto outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]), June 2003-February 2004 (after the outbreak of SARS), and June 2004-February 2005 (after education). A case of nosocomial acquisition of MRSA colonization or infection represented a patient first identified as colonized or infected more than 72 hours after admission or at admission after a previous hospitalization.Results.The rate of nosocomial acquisition of MRSA colonization or infection was 8.8 cases per 100 admission MRSA exposure-days for the period before SARS, 3.8 cases per 100 admission MRSA exposure-days for the period after SARS (P< .001 for before SARS vs after SARS), and 1.9 cases per 100 admission MRSA exposure-days for the period after education (P= .02 for after education vs before education). The volume of alcohol-based handrub purchased was apparently stable, with 4,010 L during fiscal year 2003-2004 (April 2003-March 2004) compared with 3,780 L during fiscal year 2004—2005. The observed rate of compliance with hand washing did not change significantly (40.9% during education vs 44.2% after education;P= .23). The total number of patients screened for MRSA colonization was not different in the 3 periods.Conclusions.The rate of nosocomial acquisition of MRSA colonization or infection decreased after SARS and was further reduced in association with a hospital-wide education program.
Estimating mortality from times-at-large: testing accuracy and precision using simulated single tag-recovery data
Authors: McGarvey Richard , Matthews Janet M. , Feenstra John E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
McGarvey, R., Matthews, J. M., and Feenstra, J. F. 2009. Estimating mortality from times-at-large: testing accuracy and precision using simulated single tag-recovery data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 573–581. Single tag-recovery data are available for many commercial and recreational fish stocks. However, the use of tag-recovery data has been limited by the unknown proportion of tagged recaptured animals that fishers report back to researchers. Tag underreporting causes underestimation bias in commonly applied Petersen-based estimators of fraction harvested. Using simulated data, we tested the claim that estimates of total instantaneous mortality rate (Z) based on mean time-at-large are unbiased by tag non-reporting, and by short-term (type 1) tag shedding and tag-induced mortality. The Chapman time-at-large estimator produced unbiased estimates of Z. Non-reporting and short-term tag losses produced no detectable bias in estimates of Z. Standard errors of the Chapman Z-estimate decreased with , as predicted. Non-constant-Z scenarios of fishery closure and seasonal cycling gave time-at-large Z-estimates that closely approximated the true population time averages when tag releases were spread evenly across time. Ongoing (type 2) tag shedding and tag-induced mortality biased Z-estimates upwards by the respective ongoing loss rates. When tag-recovery experiments are cut short, accurate estimates of Z are provided by Deemer and Votaw's ‘truncated’ estimator, which had wide standard errors for short experimental length, precision becoming acceptable for tag-recovery experiments run longer than approximately two or three times Z−1.
Artificial neural networks for fish-species identification
Authors: Cabreira Ariel G. , Tripode Martín , Madirolas Adrián 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Cabreira, A. G., Tripode, M., and Madirolas, A. 2009. Artificial neural networks for fish-species identification. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1119–1129. Acoustic fish detection is a valuable tool for the continuous monitoring of fish schools. However, changes in species composition or mixed multispecies situations still complicate the analysis of acoustic data. Validation of echo recordings is usually accomplished by trawling, but only at point locations. However, species proportions and size distributions in the catch can be biased because of gear selectivity and fish avoidance. In this paper, techniques involving training and testing of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied for the automatic recognition and classification of digital echo recordings of schools in the Southwest Atlantic. Energetic, morphometric, and bathymetric school descriptors were extracted from the echo-recordings as the input for the ANNs. Several pelagic and demersal fish species known to aggregate into schools were considered, including anchovy, rough scad, longtail hoki, sprat, and blue whiting. Different types of ANNs were tested. Best performances were obtained by levelling the input data (number of schools) per species. Correct classification rates up to 96% were obtained, depending on the species, type of network, and the number of school descriptors utilized. Some of these species inhabit areas geographically distant from each other. Hence, the contribution of the school position as a descriptor was investigated. By deleting the geographical location of the schools from the ANN input data, the average performance decreased to some extent but was still satisfactory, proving the networks were able usually to recognize fish species based only on the intrinsic characteristics of the school. The results have encouraged further testing of this method as a useful tool for scrutinizing echograms.
Influences of physical processes on the ecosystem of Jakarta Bay: a coupled physical–ecosystem model experiment
Authors: Koropitan Alan F. , Ikeda Motoyoshi , Damar Ario , Yamanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Koropitan, A. F., Ikeda, M., Damar, A., and Yamanaka, Y. 2009. Influences of physical processes on the ecosystem of Jakarta Bay: a coupled physical–ecosystem model experiment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 336–348. A coupled physical–ecosystem model is applied to Jakarta Bay to examine the role of physical processes on the ecosystem. The simulated physical processes include tides, river discharge, and monsoon winds. The potential sources of nitrogen to Jakarta Bay are through river inputs and wet deposition flux. The model separates the detritus compartment into pelagic and benthic components, based on cohesive sediment processes. Physical model results agree well with the observed tidal amplitude and phase, as well as tidal currents. The biological model can produce reasonable spatial and temporal patterns in lower trophic level characteristics of the ecosystem in some areas of the bay, although a lack of observed data limits confidence in model predictions. Model results show that the physical processes associated with monsoons produce an intensification of Chl a and nutrient concentrations in the eastern and western parts of the bay during northwest monsoon and southeast monsoon, respectively. The physical and biological characteristics of bay waters are controlled by influxes from offshore; the influence of river discharge is limited to the coastal area. The sensitivity of model predictions to the open boundary, river fluxes, and benthic detritus is discussed.
The Control of Autumn Senescence in European Aspen
Authors: Fracheboud Yvan , Luquez Virginia , Björkén Lars , Sjödin Andreas , Tuominen Hannele , Jansson Stefan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe initiation, progression, and natural variation of autumn senescence in European aspen (Populus tremula) was investigated by monitoring chlorophyll degradation in (1) trees growing in natural stands and (2) cloned trees growing in a greenhouse under various light regimes. The main trigger for the initiation of autumn senescence in aspen is the shortening photoperiod, but there was a large degree of variation in the onset of senescence, both within local populations and among trees originating from different populations, where it correlated with the latitude of their respective origins. The variation for onset of senescence with a population was much larger than the variation of bud set. Once started, autumn senescence was accelerated by low temperature and longer nights, and clones that started to senescence late had a faster senescence. Bud set and autumn senescence appeared to be under the control of two independent critical photoperiods, but senescence could not be initiated until a certain time after bud set, suggesting that bud set and growth arrest are important for the trees to acquire competence to respond to the photoperiodic trigger to undergo autumn senescence. A timetable of events related to bud set and autumn senescence is presented.
New thoughts on library outreach to international students
Authors: Ye Yunshan 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to three articles from Reference Services Review on the theme of library outreach to international students. It aims to give a summary overview of the current research on international students and library outreach and to introduce and contextualize the three articles.Design/methodology/approachThis paper frames the three articles and places them in the context of the exhaustive literature on the topic.FindingsInternational students are not all alike. Grouping all of these students together under the umbrella term of “international student” contributes little, if at all, to the understanding of their real needs and problems.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that there are still areas for further exploration on the topic of international students and library outreach.Originality/valueThis paper argues with the oversimplified and generalized approach to international students, and suggests that it is not the most useful way to assist individual students.
Forging inroads between libraries and academic, multicultural and student services
Authors: Love Emily , Edwards Margaret B. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the prospects and benefits of collaborating with student services organizations in order to integrate information literacy and instruction services into pre‐existing academic programs and services.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a literature review of recent library collaborations with student services areas such as international student centers, study abroad, multicultural student services, career services and writing centers, and then outlines a general rubric employed at the University of Illinois used to develop, implement and assess library partnerships with these student services units.FindingsA current literature review reveals a new and often overlooked information literacy niche that exists within the student services realm. These collaborations are generally welcomed by the partners, heighten students' access to information, and incorporate information literacy objectives into students' lives beyond the classroom.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights an often overlooked area in student services units for collaboration on information literacy programming and the number of positive associated outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper describes a new and unique approach to connecting students with the library's services beyond the traditional faculty‐based approach.