bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antizyme suppression leads to an increment of the cellular redox potential and an induction of HIF‐1α: Its involvement in resistance to γ‐radiation
Authors: Kim Jin Sik , Kim Tae Lim , Cho Eun Wie , Paik Sang Gi , Chung Hai Won , Kim In Gyu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe mammalian antizyme (AZ) promotes ubiqutin‐independent degradation of ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. This study shows that AZ suppression in human lung carcinoma A549 cells caused growth defects and death, but made the cells resistant to DNA damaging agents such as γ‐radiation and cisplatin. In these cells, the cellular redox potential (glutathione/glutathione disulfide [GSH/GSSG] ratio) was increased and thus intracellular reactive oxygen species were severely diminished, which might cause growth defects and cell death. The increase of cellular redox potential was mainly caused by dramatic increase of the cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)+‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, which generates the reducing equivalents NADPH. In the AZ‐suppressed cells, the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) was also increased. As in other cases which showed an increment of HIF‐1α and the cellular redox potential, the AZ‐suppressed cells showed resistance to γ‐radiation and anticancer drugs. Therefore, these facts might be considered as important for the use of radio‐ and chemotherapy on tumor cells which show an unbalance in their polyamine levels. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(6): 402–409, 2008
Retinal toxicity of chloroquine hydrochloride administered by intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Gaynes Bruce Ira , Torczynski Elise , Varro Zoltan , Grostern Richard , Perlman Jay 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChloroquine is quinolone derivative known to exert dose‐related retinal toxicity, albeit in a variable manner. It is thought that variability in the presentation of chloroquine retinopathy may be the result of perturbations in drug bioavailability subsequent to oral ingestion. In order to better understand the ramifications of bioavailability on the development of retinal injury subsequent to chloroquine use, this study investigated the relationship between retinal injury and chloroquine administration via intraperitoneal rather than oral administration. Four‐week‐old C57/6J mice underwent daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg−1 chloroquine hydrochloride for a total of 62 days. Following treatment, tissue was fixed in preparation for analysis by light and transmission electron microscopy. Treated animals demonstrated marked abnormality of the outer retinal layers described as complete loss of the outer plexiform layer as well as photoreceptors and photoreceptor nuclei. The retinal pigmented epithelium demonstrated focal atrophy, loss of nuclei and pigment irregularity. Findings in the inner retina were notable for the loss of Müller cells and the presence of membranous cytoplasmic bodies. Retinae of control animals were entirely normal. In contrast to previous studies in the murine model examining chloroquine retinopathy subsequent to oral administration, this study suggests that intraperitoneal chloroquine administration facilitates retinal toxicity, presumably due to heightened drug absorption and bioavailability. It is posited that an increased rate of drug accumulation within the retina leads to an enhanced lysosomotrophic drug effect due to inability of the lysosome to compensate for chloroquine‐induced elevation in pH through re‐acidification of the intra‐lysosomal content. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening biomaterials for stimulation of nitric oxide‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Lyle Daniel B. , Shallcross Jonathan C. , Durfor Charles N. , Hitchins Victoria M. , Breger Joyce C. , Langone John J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInflammatory reactions to biomaterials may include macrophage‐mediated generation of nitric oxide (NO), which may harm patient tissue or potentially interfere with proper function of an implanted device. RAW 264.7 cells were grown in culture and treated at various times with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), murine recombinant γ‐interferon (mrIFN‐γ), and different preparations of hyaluronic acid (HA). Increase in fluorescence of 2,3‐diaminonaphthalene (DAN) allowed for detection of initial (24 h or less) NO inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 to LPS from E. coli O26:B6. By looking at early time points, mrIFN‐γ augmentation of the LPS effect was observed, simulating a complex immune reaction. Activation through nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), was confirmed in this system by parthenolide inhibition of LPS stimulation. Stimulation of RAW 264.7 by different HA preparations resulted in NO responses that correlated with the amount of LPS present. In the presence of mrIFN‐γ, a significant inflammatory reaction to HA was observed when the concentration of contaminating LPS was as low as 0.15 EU/mL. NO production in the presence of mrIFN‐γ by RAW 264.7 may serve as a convenient in vitro system to routinely screen biomaterials for potentially harmful macrophage‐mediated inflammation whereby the safety of implanted medical devices might be compromised. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
The phenotype of bovine corneal epithelial cells on chitosan membrane
Authors: Yeh Lung‐Kun , Chen Yi‐Hsin , Chiu Chih‐Sheng , Hu Fung‐Rong , Young Tai‐Horng , Wang I‐Jong 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCorneal wound healing is one of the major issues in ocular surface reconstruction and ocular surface diseases. Amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation is an excellent treatment modality to promote corneal wound healing and treat corneal diseases. It is interesting and valuable to search for another synthetic and biocompatible substitute for the study of mechanism of AM and the treatment of ocular surface disorders. Chitosan, the second‐most abundant polymer in nature, has many biological advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hemostatic activity, and wound‐healing property to be used as biomedical applications. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the phenotype of cultured corneal epithelial cells in vitro on synthetic chitosan membrane (CM). We cultivated bovine corneal epithelial cells on CM and AM, and then evaluated their phenotypes. The viability of the respective cell cultures was investigated using the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylrhiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of CM and AM to corneal epithelial cells was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The morphology of cultivated corneal epithelial cells on CM and AM was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, immunocytochemical stainings were used to confirm the phenotype of corneal epithelial cells. In MTT and LDH assays we found that the CM can support the growth of cultured corneal epithelial cells in good condition with minimal toxicity. The SEM and immunohistocytochemistry showed that the phenotype of corneal epithelial cells is compatible with that of AM. We conclude that the CM has the potential to be a suitable biomaterial for treating ocular surface disorders. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Surface coatings for improvement of bone cell materials and antimicrobial activities of Ti implants
Authors: Das Kakoli , Bose Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Amit , Karandikar Balu , Gibbins Bruce L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTi surface was modified to simultaneously improve bone cell materials and antimicrobial activities. Titanium surface was first anodized in sodium fluoride and sulfuric acid electrolytic solution to form titania nanotube on the surface to improve the biocompatibility of the surface. Silver was electrodeposited on the titania nanotube surface at 5 V. Silver added titania nanotube surface was tested for compatibility with bone‐cell materials interactions using human osteoblast bone cells. The antibacterial effect was studied using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results show that silver‐treated titania nanotube surface may provide antibacterial properties to prevent implants against postoperative infections without interference to the attachment and proliferation of bone tissue on titanium, which is commonly used in dental and orthopedic surgical procedures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
The response to lighting of minimally processed chard: Influence on its shelf life
Authors: Sanz Susana , Olarte Carmen , Ayala Fernando , Echávarri J. Federico 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of lighting on minimally processed chard during storage was studied. To compare the influence of pigmentation on the behaviour of the vegetable when exposed to light, the white and green parts were processed separately. Four films with different permeabilities were tested.RESULTS: Lighting caused an increase in stomatal aperture and respiratory rate. White chard stored under lighting achieved atmospheres with higher CO2 and lower O2 content than samples packed in the same film kept in the dark. The green part stored under lighting saw respiratory activity compensated by photosynthesis and the composition of the atmosphere remained similar to atmospheric conditions inside all films. After day 15 of storage, with pigment breakdown terminating photosynthesis, respiratory activity gave atmospheres of up to 10% O2 and 9% CO2 in P‐Plus 120 film.CONCLUSION: Exposure to light lowered quality in both the green and white parts of chard, significantly reducing its shelf life. P‐Plus 120 film best preserved the sensory qualities and allowed a longer shelf life to be achieved for both white and green chard in all storage conditions. Colour was particularly affected in lit conditions in the white section samples. For the green samples, it was texture that deteriorated the most. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The efficacy of transureteroureterostomy for ureteral reconstruction during surgery for a non‐urologic pelvic malignancy
Authors: Joung Jae Young , Jeong In Gab , Seo Ho Kyung , Kim Taek Sang , Han Kyung Seok , Chung Jinsoo , Lee Kang Hyun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveOf the many surgical options available for ureteral reconstruction during surgery for non‐urologic pelvic malignancies, the efficacy of transureteroureterostomy (TUU) was investigated.MethodsUreteral reconstruction was dichotomized as follows: group 1, end‐to‐end ureteroureterostomy and ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) with or without a psoas hitch; and group 2, TUU. TUU was preferably performed when partial bladder invasion was suspected or patients had undergone prior surgery or radiotherapy. Groups 1 and 2 included 17 and 28 patients, respectively. These patients were consecutively enrolled and analyzed with respect to complications and clinical outcomes.ResultsOf the complications that followed TUU, persistent hydronephrosis and a transient urine leak were detected in one patient each. No differences in complication rates were observed between the two groups with respect to hydronephrosis, azotemia, urine leak, and acute pyelonephritis. Patients who had a UNC with a psoas hitch tended to have more frequent voiding dysfunction postoperatively than those who had a TUU.ConclusionsTUU is a feasible technique for ureteral reconstruction when multivisceral resection, including the ureter, is performed during surgery for non‐urologic pelvic malignancies. TUU could be a preferred method in patients requiring partial cystectomy or in those that have undergone prior surgery or radiotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:49–53. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal Expression of p16INK4a, Cyclin D1, Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4 and Retinoblastoma Protein in Gastric Carcinomas
Authors: Kishimoto Ichiro , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Ohkura Yasuo , Kanazawa Hideki , Fukui Naoshi , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe p16INK4a (p16), cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and retinoblastoma (Rb) genes are components of the Rb pathway that controls the G1‐S checkpoint of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between their abnormalities and clinicopathological features in gastric carcinomas.MehtodsImmunohistochemical analysis of the encoded proteins was performed on a series of 158 cases.ResultsLoss of p16/Rb protein (pRb) expression and overexpression of cyclin D1/CDK4 were observed in 49%/40% and 37%/37% of gastric carcinomas, respectively. At least 1 of these abnormalities was found in 86% of the cases and a positive correlation was noted between p16 and pRb (P = 0.009). Cyclin D1 (P = 0.042) and CDK4 (P = 0.008) overexpession was inversely associated with lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion, respectively. Loss of pRb expression was more frequently in diffuse type lesions than in the intestinal type (P = 0.022). The patients with p16+/pRb−/cyclin D1−/CDK4− or p16−/pRb+/cyclin D1−/CDK4− tumors demonstrated particularly poor survival. With multivariate survival analysis, only depth of invasion and TNM stage could be proven as independent predictors.ConclusionsThe Rb pathway is disrupted in the vast majority of gastric carcinomas. This study also identified specific immunohistochemical marker profiles for prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:60–66. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (NPLC×RPLC) with vacuum‐evaporation interface
Authors: Tian Hongzhe , Xu Jing , Guan Yafeng 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic system incorporating a vacuum‐evaporation interface was developed. Normal‐phase liquid chromatography with a CN microcolumn was used as the first dimension (1st‐D), and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with a C18 monolithic column was used as the second dimension (2nd‐D). An electronically controlled dual‐position, ten‐port valve with two identical storage loops served as the interface and the analysis time in the 2nd‐D was 1.5 min. The solvent in the loops of the interface was evaporated at 25°C under vacuum conditions, leaving the analytes on the inner wall of the loops. The mobile phase of the 2nd‐D dissolved the analytes in the loop and injected them onto the second column, allowing an on‐line solvent exchange of the fractions from the 1st‐D to the 2nd‐D. The chromatographic resolution of analytes on the two dimensions was evaluated. Sample loss due to evaporation in the interface was investigated with standard samples having different boiling points. The usefulness of the comprehensive 2‐DLC system was demonstrated in the analysis of a traditional Chinese medicine Radix salviae miltiorrhiza bage extract.
Multivariate optimization of a GC–MS method for determination of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples
Authors: Lopes Wilson A. , da Rocha Gisele O. , de P. Pereira Pedro A. , Oliveira Fábio S. , Carvalho Luiz. S. , de C. Bahia Nei , dos S. Conceição Liliane , de Andrade Jailson B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the development and optimization, by using multivariate analysis, of a GC–MS‐SIM method for evaluation of the 16 polyaromatic hydrocarbons considered as priority pollutants in atmospheric particulate material by the US EPA. In order to assure an adequate separation in the shortest analysis time, a multivariate design was used to set the conditions of the oven temperature program. The optimization process was carried out using factorial fractional design and Box–Behnken design. The following factors were evaluated: initial temperature, temperature rate #1, intermediary temperature, temperature rate #2, and final temperature. The optimized conditions were set at: 70°C (2 min) → 200°C (30°C/min, 5 min) → 300°C (5°C/min, 1.67 min). Moreover, we have also optimized the injector temperature as 310°C and sampling time as 0.8 min. The total analysis time was 33 min. Validation of GC–MS‐SIM yielded satisfactory results for repetitivity of the detector response and retention times, and linearity of calibration curves. LOD were established as 0.13–0.34 ng/mL (peak area) and 0.18–0.72 ng/mL (peak height). The method has been shown to be appropriate for the analysis of samples of atmospheric particulate material and/or other environmental matrices.
Determination of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere of charcoal plants by HPLC and UV detection
Authors: de Carvalho Albertinho B. , Kato Mina , Rezende Maryangela M. , de P. Pereira Pedro A. , de Andrade Jailson B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA chromatographic quantification method with two different mobile phases (elution conditions 1 and 2) was developed to determine carbonyl compounds (CCs) in air samples collected from charcoal production workplaces, using C18 cartridges coated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPHi). Several 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPHo) were separated and quantified using an HPLC system and UV detection. In 16 min, elution condition 1 successfully separated and quantified the DNPHo of 14 CC including acetaldehyde, acrolein, formaldehyde, and furfural, and estimated the sum of C4 isomers, butanal–isobutanal–butanone. This elution condition was able to resolve the pairs acrolein/furfural and propanone/propanal, which have been cited in the literature as difficult mixtures to be separated. The elution condition 2 allowed separation and quantification, in less than 30 min, of 13 out of the 17 CC listed above. This elution condition was also able to separate propanone from propanal and butanone from the other components of the C4 mixture. When the two mobile phases were used together, they allowed confirmation of the presence of the DNPHo in the real samples. Thus, both elution conditions have been shown to be appropriate to determine CC, in personal and stationary samples, collected in charcoal production plants.
Effectiveness of pressurized liquid extraction and solvent extraction for the simultaneous quantification of 14 pesticide residues in green tea using GC
Authors: Cho Soon‐Kil , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Jeong Yang‐Mo , Shin Ho‐Chul , Chang Byung‐Joon , Lee Chitto , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA simultaneous multiresidue method to determine 14 different pesticides, namely: flufenoxuron, fenitrothion, chlorfluazuron, chlorpyrifos, hexythiazox, methidathion, chlorfenapyr, tebuconazole, EPN, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, spirodiclofen, difenoconazole, and azoxystrobin in green tea using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is described and compared with that of liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). For PLE, the extraction conditions were not optimized. Rather they were selected based upon previous successful investigations published by our laboratory. Analysis was performed by GC with electron capture detector (GC‐ECD), and the pesticide identity of the positive samples was confirmed by GC‐MS in a selected ion‐monitoring (SIM) mode. Calibration curves showed an excellent linearity for concentrations ranging from 0.006 to 36.049 ppm, with r2 >0.995. Green tea spiked at each of the two fortification levels, yielded average recoveries in the range of 87–112% and 71–109% for PLE and LLE, respectively. Precision values, expressed as RSDs, were below 6% at various spiking levels. With respect to the existing procedures, both methods gave LOQs that were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Both methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of real samples, and bifenthrin was the only pesticide residue quantified in incurred green tea samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.093 ppm (LLE) to 0.1 ppm (PLE). These concentration levels were relatively low compared to KFDA‐MRL (0.3 ppm). According to the validation data and performance characteristics, both methods are appropriate for multiresidue analysis of pesticide residues in green tea. PLE methodology showed superiority in recoveries of some pesticides, acceptable accuracy and precision while minimizing environmental concerns, time, and labor, and can be applied in routine analytical laboratories.
Packing density of slurry‐packed capillaries at low aspect ratios
Authors: Ehlert Steffen , Rösler Thomas , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe average interparticle voidage or porosity (εinter) in cylindrical capillaries is studied in dependence on the column diameter (dc) to particle diameter (dp) ratio for 5 < dc/dp < 50. Using optimized slurry and packing solvents, high pressure and ultrasonication, 5 μm‐sized porous C18‐silica particles were slurry‐packed into fused‐silica capillaries having ids from 30 to 250 μm. Packing densities are assessed by a polystyrene standard which is size‐excluded from the intraparticle pore space of the packings. For dc/dp > 35 densely packed beds are realized (εinter = 0.36–0.37), while for decreasing aspect ratios an exponential increase in εinter is observed reaching εinter ∼︁ 0.47 at dc/dp = 5. This behaviour is ascribed to a combination of the geometrical wall effect operating in the direct vicinity of the column wall, caused by the inability of the particles to form a dense packing against the hard surface of the column wall, and particle characteristics like the size distribution, shape and surface roughness. Results are compared with the literature data to address also the importance of absolute particle size in studying structure–transport relations in packed beds in dependence on the aspect ratio dc/dp.
The atherosclerotic heart disease and protecting properties of garlic: contemporary data
Authors: Gorinstein Shela , Jastrzebski Zenon , Namiesnik Jacek , Leontowicz Hanna , Leontowicz Maria , Trakhtenberg Simon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article reviews the contemporary data concerning atherosclerosis and protecting properties of garlic. Recent advances in basic science have established a fundamental role for inflammation in mediating all stages of this disease from initiation through progression and, ultimately, the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. These new findings provide important links between risk factors and the mechanisms of atherogenesis and garlic properties. Numerous in vitro studies have confirmed the ability of garlic to reduce the parameters of the risk of atherosclerosis: total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, oxidized LDL. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentials in fresh, cooked, boiled and commercial garlic from different regions are presented, using β‐carotene, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) with K2S2O8 or MnO2, ferric‐reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and others assays for antioxidant status. In vivo studies were reviewed on with garlic and cholesterol supplemented diets. The positive influences of garlic on plasma lipids, proteins, antioxidant activity, and some indices of blood coagulation are dose dependent. Garlic could be a valuable component of atherosclerosis‐preventing diets only in optimal doses. Many recently published reports show that garlic possesses plasma lipid‐lowering and plasma anticoagulant and antioxidant properties and improves impaired endothelial function.