bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton abundance and biodiversity in adjacent estuaries: the importance of submarine groundwater discharge
Authors: Gregory C. , Cave Rachel R. , Raine R. , McDermott G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA near-unique pair of adjacent bays in the karst region of western Ireland provided the opportunity to compare phytoplankton diversity and abundance in an area of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) side by side with a ‘control’ region of similar size and with the same marine influences. Freshwater input to Kinvara Bay comes from the surrounding karst hinterland via a subterranean groundwater network, emerging at several sites within the inner bay as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Aughinish Bay in contrast has no connection to a SGD network and negligible overground fresh water input. Sampling was carried out in both bays during spring and neap tides over Winter, Spring/Summer and Summer/Autumn of 2016 and 2017. Comparison of the phytoplankton communities in the two bays showed higher diversity in Aughinish, while a bloom of Prorocentrum micans (Ehrenber, 1834), a brackish-water-tolerant marine dinoflagellate, was observed only in Kinvara. This work demonstrates how SGD can control phytoplankton community structure even in well-flushed macro-tidal bays and thus controls the biogeography at local scales.
Automatic Discovery of Collective Communication Patterns in Parallelized Task Graphs
Authors: Knorr Fabian , Salzmann Philip , Thoman Peter , Fahringer Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCollective communication APIs equip MPI vendors with the necessary context to optimize cluster-wide operations on the basis of theoretical complexity models and characteristics of the involved interconnects. Modern HPC runtime systems with a programmability focus can perform dependency analysis to eliminate the need for manual communication entirely. Profiting from optimized collective routines in this context often requires global analysis of the implicit point-to-point communication pattern or tight constrains on the data access patterns allowed inside kernels. The Celerity API provides a high degree of freedom for both runtime implementors and application developers by tieing transparent work assignment to data access patterns through user-defined range-mapper functions. Canonically, data dependencies are resolved through an intra-node coherence model and inter-node point-to-point communication. This paper presents Collective Pattern Discovery (CPD), a fully distributed, coordination-free method for detecting collective communication patterns on parallelized task graphs. Through extensive scheduling and communication microbenchmarks as well as a strong scaling experiment on a compute-intensive application, we demonstrate that CPD can achieve substantial performance gains in the Celerity model.
The role of board leadership in deliberating international entry
Authors: Bjørnåli Ekaterina , Erikson Truls , Aspelund Arild 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study addresses the formal and informal board leadership roles in new high-tech firms. Overall, we find that board leadership affects international engagements in idiosyncratic ways. Initially, we conjectured that the board leadership role structure would influence time to new markets, but the leadership role structure fails to do so, which indicates that neither a divided board leadership structure nor a dual board leadership structure matters. Instead, we find that the facilitating role of board chair leadership does. Although board chair leadership efficacy has a deliberating effect, we find it to have an interactive effect with a more resourceful board, indicating that efficacious leadership is more important than we typically would expect. Noteworthy, these dynamic interactions not only contribute to advancing new high-tech firms, but also contribute to shaping a resilient high-tech entrepreneurial ecosystem from within.
Leveraging distant supervision and deep learning for twitter sentiment and emotion classification
Authors: Kastrati Muhamet , Kastrati Zenun , Shariq Imran Ali , Biba Marenglen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNowadays, various applications across industries, healthcare, and security have begun adopting automatic sentiment analysis and emotion detection in short texts, such as posts from social media. Twitter stands out as one of the most popular online social media platforms due to its easy, unique, and advanced accessibility using the API. On the other hand, supervised learning is the most widely used paradigm for tasks involving sentiment polarity and fine-grained emotion detection in short and informal texts, such as Twitter posts. However, supervised learning models are data-hungry and heavily reliant on abundant labeled data, which remains a challenge. This study aims to address this challenge by creating a large-scale real-world dataset of 17.5 million tweets. A distant supervision approach relying on emojis available in tweets is applied to label tweets corresponding to Ekman’s six basic emotions. Additionally, we conducted a series of experiments using various conventional machine learning models and deep learning, including transformer-based models, on our dataset to establish baseline results. The experimental results and an extensive ablation analysis on the dataset showed that BiLSTM with FastText and an attention mechanism outperforms other models in both classification tasks, achieving an F1-score of 70.92% for sentiment classification and 54.85% for emotion detection.
On the use of overlapping convex hull relaxations to solve nonconvex MINLPs
Authors: Wu Ouyang , Muts Pavlo , Nowak Ivo , Hendrix Eligius M. T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a novel relaxation for general nonconvex sparse MINLP problems, called overlapping convex hull relaxation (CHR). It is defined by replacing all nonlinear constraint sets by their convex hulls. If the convex hulls are disjunctive, e.g. if the MINLP is block-separable, the CHR is equivalent to the convex hull relaxation obtained by (standard) column generation (CG). The CHR can be used for computing an initial lower bound in the root node of a branch-and-bound algorithm, or for computing a start vector for a local-search-based MINLP heuristic. We describe a dynamic block and column generation (DBCG) MINLP algorithm to generate the CHR by dynamically adding aggregated blocks. The idea of adding aggregated blocks in the CHR is similar to the well-known cutting plane approach. Numerical experiments on nonconvex MINLP instances show that the duality gap can be significantly reduced with the results of CHRs. DBCG is implemented as part of the CG-MINLP framework Decogo, see https://decogo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html.
Association of serum galectin-3 levels with mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Marinaki Smaragdi , Lagiou Pagona , Benetou Vassiliki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Galectin-3 has been proposed as a candidate marker for cardiovascular risk stratification, although its role in kidney failure is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the association of serum galectin-3 levels with overall survival and cardiovascular outcomes among hemodialysis patients.

Methods
Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and CENTRAL were systematically searched from inception till Aug 20, 2023. Observational studies evaluating the association of serum galectin-3 with mortality, cardiovascular disease and arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients were included. The exposure–response relationship between galectin-3 and mortality was explored by dose–response meta-analysis using restricted cubic splines in a one-stage approach.

Results
Overall, 13 studies were included (9 cohort and 4 cross-sectional), comprising 6025 hemodialysis individuals. Increasing galectin-3 values were associated with greater all-cause mortality risk (χ2: 18.71, p-value < 0.001) and an insignificant trend toward higher cardiovascular mortality risk (χ2: 5.06, p-value: 0.079). Compared to a reference galectin-3 value of 10 ng/ml, all-cause mortality risk was significantly higher with levels of 20 ng/ml (Hazard ratio–HR: 2.62, 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.66–4.15), 30 ng/ml (HR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.05–6.97) and 40 ng/ml (HR: 4.01, 95% CI: 2.14–7.52). Qualitative synthesis of evidence indicated that serum galectin-3 may be linked to abdominal aortic calcification severity and progression, as well as to left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusions
This study suggests that high serum galectin-3 levels are associated with greater all-cause mortality risk among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Preliminary cross-sectional evidence indicates that serum galectin-3 may be associated with arterial stiffness and left ventricular dysfunction.
Enumeration of Rooted Binary Unlabeled Galled Trees
Authors: Agranat-Tamir Lily , Mathur Shaili , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRooted binary galled trees generalize rooted binary trees to allow a restricted class of cycles, known as galls. We build upon the Wedderburn-Etherington enumeration of rooted binary unlabeled trees with n leaves to enumerate rooted binary unlabeled galled trees with n leaves, also enumerating rooted binary unlabeled galled trees with n leaves and g galls, $$0 \leqslant g \leqslant \lfloor \frac{n-1}{2} \rfloor $$

0
⩽
g
⩽
⌊

n
-
1

2

⌋

. The enumerations rely on a recursive decomposition that considers subtrees descended from the nodes of a gall, adopting a restriction on galls that amounts to considering only the rooted binary normal unlabeled galled trees in our enumeration. We write an implicit expression for the generating function encoding the numbers of trees for all n. We show that the number of rooted binary unlabeled galled trees grows with $$0.0779(4.8230^n)n^{-\frac{3}{2}}$$

0.0779

(
4
.

8230
n

)

n

-

3
2

, exceeding the growth $$0.3188(2.4833^n)n^{-\frac{3}{2}}$$

0.3188

(
2
.

4833
n

)

n

-

3
2

of the number of rooted binary unlabeled trees without galls. However, the growth of the number of galled trees with only one gall has the same exponential order 2.4833 as the number with no galls, exceeding it only in the subexponential term, $$0.3910n^{\frac{1}{2}}$$

0.3910

n

1
2

compared to $$0.3188n^{-\frac{3}{2}}$$

0.3188

n

-

3
2

. For a fixed number of leaves n, the number of galls g that produces the largest number of rooted binary unlabeled galled trees lies intermediate between the minimum of $$g=0$$

g
=
0

and the maximum of $$g=\lfloor \frac{n-1}{2} \rfloor $$

g
=
⌊

n
-
1

2

⌋

. We discuss implications in mathematical phylogenetics.
Correlates of HIV Prevention Advocacy by Persons Living with HIV in Kampala, Uganda: A Cross-sectional Evaluation of a Conceptual Model
Authors: Wagner Glenn J. , Bogart Laura M. , Matovu Joseph K. B. , Okoboi Stephen , Gwokyalya Violet , Ninsiima Susan , McBain Ryan K. , Storholm Erik D. , Malika Nipher , Green Harold D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
HIV prevention advocacy empowers persons living with HIV (PLWH) to act as advocates and encourage members of their social networks to engage in protective behaviors such as HIV testing, condom use, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We examined correlates of HIV prevention advocacy among PLWH in Uganda.

Method
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with baseline data from 210 PLWH (70% female; mean age = 40 years) who enrolled in a trial of an HIV prevention advocacy training program in Kampala, Uganda. The baseline survey, which was completed prior to receipt of the intervention, included multiple measures of HIV prevention advocacy (general and specific to named social network members), as well as internalized HIV stigma, HIV disclosure, HIV knowledge, positive living (condom use; ART adherence), and self-efficacy for HIV prevention advocacy.

Results
Consistent with our hypotheses, HIV disclosure, HIV knowledge, consistent condom use, and HIV prevention advocacy self-efficacy were all positively correlated with at least one measure of HIV prevention advocacy, after controlling for the other constructs in multiple regression analysis. Internalized HIV stigma was positively correlated with advocacy in bivariate analysis only.

Conclusion
These findings identify which characteristics of PLWH are associated with acting as change agents for others in their social network to engage in HIV protective behaviors.
Valorization of local agro-residues for the cultivation of Pleurotus djamor (Rumph. Ex Fr.) Boedijn and their effects on nutritional value
Authors: İnci Şule , Kirbağ Sevda , Akyüz Mehmet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany factors, such as population growth in the world, the need for different agricultural products, the lack of sufficient agricultural products, and export potential, create a large amount of lignocellulosic waste every year as a result of agricultural harvest. Cultivating edible mushrooms, which is one of the important areas of the agricultural sector, is a simple, environmentally friendly and biological process carried out without any chemical treatment using lignocellulosic wastes. They are cultured on various local agro-residues and are an important food source with delicious, nutritious, and medicinal values. The present research aimed to evaluate some local agro-wastes for P. djamor “love mushroom-pink oyster mushroom” culture and determine their effects on nutritional properties. Three different compost groups were created: wheat straw (WS), quinoa stalk (QS), and their mixture in a 1:1 ratio. While no significant difference was observed in about spawn colonization days on various agro-residues (p<0.05), it was observed that the best culture medium was quinoa stalk (QS) regarding the primordia formation period (20.3 days), total harvest period (50.0 days), and yield (23.5 g/100 g). Dry P. djamor contains about 89.9–91.4% dry matter, 8.6–10.1% moisture, 250.8–277.5 kcal energy, 22.0–41.2% crude protein, 1.1–1.7% fat, 5.8–9.6% ash, 82.0–84.1% organic matter, and 20.3–38.2% nitrogen-free extract. Protein, carbohydrate, ash, and energy contents differed significantly, with the highest protein content obtained in WS-QS (1:1) (41.2%). Vitamin levels (A, E, C, and MDA) may vary, but the best compost medium for element content is QS. Ni, Cr, Co, and Cd concentrations were also detected below standards. P. djamor is an important nutrient that can be used in a balanced diet, as it contains significant amounts of protein, vitamins, and various nutritional minerals, as well as low fat and energy content. Considering all these features, this species may become a helpful food source in nutrition.
Archeometallurgical Investigation of a Fragment from a Medieval Sword Blade
Authors: Merico Paolomarco , Faccoli Michela , Gotti Roberto , Cornacchia Giovanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA fragment from a medieval sword blade was investigated by metallography, Vickers microhardness tests and slag inclusions analysis are to extract technological information about its manufacturing process. Optical microscopy observations and microhardness measurements indicated that the sword blade was forged via hammer welding, combining different steel bars for an optimal balance of hardness and toughness. A steeling technique involved wrapping a steel bar around a composite billet, crafted by enclosing a hypoeutectoid steel bar around a near-eutectoid steel core. Moreover, it was found that the hardness of the cutting edges was increased with a quenching heat treatment. After quenching, the blade exhibited martensitic microstructure with Vickers microhardness ranging from 500 to 640 HV0.3. The compositional data of a large set of nonmetallic inclusions were collected by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. Slag inclusion analysis and multivariate statistics confirmed the blade's composite nature and revealed distinct smelting and forging-related SI groups. Liquidus temperatures indicated smelting temperatures of at least 1156°C for the external section and 1031°C for the internal. The forging temperature was estimated at a minimum of 1143°C. These findings provide insight into the blade’s metallurgical history.
Daratumumab therapy in a pediatric case of C3 nephritic factor-positive proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits
Authors: Giang Sophia , Agrawal Anurag K. , Oates Aris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) is an exceedingly rare cause of glomerulonephritis among children for which prognosis is generally poor, with low incidence of remission and high rates of recurrence after transplant. While there are more cases reported in the adult literature, substantial differences in pediatric vs. adult PGNMID render it essential that we further characterize pediatric cases to optimize management. We report the case of a 12-year-old male presenting initially with edema and hypertension who was subsequently diagnosed with IgG3/Kappa-dominant PGNMID. In the absence of any proven therapy and though without a detectable clone, he was empirically treated with daratumumab with positive effect to date. This is the first reported case of daratumumab monotherapy in pediatric PGNMID, as well as the first PGNMID case to detect presence of C3 nephritic factor.
Simulation of viscoelastic free-surface flows with the Particle Finite Element Method
Authors: Rizzieri Giacomo , Ferrara Liberato , Cremonesi Massimiliano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractViscoelastic fluids are central in numerous applications from polymer manufacturing to the pharmaceutical industry and biological research. However, since analytical solutions are generally not available or too complex, it is common practice to study free-surface viscoelastic flows through numerical simulation techniques. This work proposes the use of the so-called particle finite element method (PFEM), a Lagrangian approach combining standard FEM techniques with a remeshing strategy. The PFEM is able to efficiently handle mesh distortion and to accurately track the free-surface evolution. Therefore, it is exploited in this work to deal with large displacements problems in the context of nonlinear viscoelasticity. An implementation of the Oldroyd-B constitutive model in the PFEM framework is here presented including details regarding how to deal with the transfer of the internal variables during remeshing events. Additionally, an innovative approach to impose unilateral Dirichlet boundary conditions ensuring optimal mass conservation is presented. The implementation is verified with two free-surface highly viscous benchmark flows: the impacting drop and the jet buckling problems. The results show perfect agreement with those obtained with other numerical techniques. The proposed framework opens the way for using PFEM in various applications, ranging from polymer extrusion to more sophisticated scenarios involving viscoelastic and viscoelasto-plastic constitutive laws.
The Archaeology of Human–Animal Relations in Nineteenth- to Mid-Twentieth-Century Finland: Horse Burials and Cemeteries in Agrarian Landscapes
Authors: Kirkinen Tuija , Mannermaa Kristiina , Moilanen Ulla , Peltosaari Taru , Lähdekorpi Marjatta , Hemmann Karin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOne of the most crucial issues in the study of human–animal relations is the power of humans over animal death and how it has been processed culturally by the ways animal carcasses have been treated. In this article, the post-domestic phase in human–animal relations is entered by investigating the burial of working horses in the Finnish countryside during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Toward that end, 115 horse burials, 134 cemeteries, and 61 death places or kill sites were examined through interviews with local people, and a search of literature and place names. Six burial sites were excavated and several sites surveyed in the field. The locations of all sites were analyzed with historical maps. As a result, we consider that animal graves form a significant group of historical monuments that show great variability and are associated with past land use and human–animal relations.
Enhanced laser-induced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy with gold nanoparticles for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamdy Omnia , Nour Maha , Kamel Sherien S. , Eltayeb Elsayed Abdallah , Zaky Ahmed Abbas , Faid Amna H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence, mortality, and recurrence rates of oral cancer are high worldwide. It is a common and aggressive type of tumor. Owing to the challenges associated with early illness diagnosis, squamous cell carcinoma, a kind that is prevalent of oral cancer, has an unacceptably high fatality rate. The management of the condition and the prevention of cancer, on the other hand, depend greatly on early detection. Therefore, alternative methods for the treatment and early diagnosis are essential for oral cancer. The detection of tongue squamous cell carcinoma is aided by coupled surface plasmon resonance, which can occur in gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Compared to the currently utilized imaging contrast chemicals, AuNPs are more biocompatible and capable of targeting specific surface molecules. In the current study, AuNPs were synthesized in one step via citrate reduction and applied to tongue samples of a Caucasian man's Homo sapiens (Squamous cell carcinoma from ATCC cell-lines) in order to improve early detection using and laser-induced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy.

Results
UV–visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopic technique were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized AuNPs measured 13 ± 3 nm with uniform size distribution and high stability. Results demonstrate the significance of AuNPs in improving the identification of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
Obtained results revealed that the use of AuNPs modifies the emitted spectra in the two employed spectroscopic techniques and provides more significant receiver operating characteristic curve parameters, hence a higher detection rate of cancer.
Exploring the feasibility of Support Vector Machine for short-term hydrological forecasting in South Tyrol: challenges and prospects
Authors: Dalla Torre Daniele , Lombardi Andrea , Menapace Andrea , Zanfei Ariele , Righetti Maurizio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractShort-term hydrological forecasting is crucial for suitable multipurpose water resource management involving water uses, hydrological security, and renewable production. In the Alpine Regions such as South Tyrol, characterized by several small watersheds, quick information is essential to feed the decision processes in critical cases such as flood events. Predicting water availability ahead is equally crucial for optimizing resource utilization, such as irrigation or snow-making. The increasing data availability and computational power led to data-driven models becoming a serious alternative to physically based hydrological models, especially in complex conditions such as the Alpine Region and for short predictive horizons. This paper proposes a data-driven pipeline to use the local ground station data to infer information in a Support Vector Regression model, which can forecast streamflow in the main closure points of the area at hourly resolution with 48 h of lead time. The main steps of the pipeline are analysed and discussed, with promising results that depend on available information, watershed complexity, and human interactions in the catchment. The presented pipeline, as it stands, offers an accessible tool for integrating these models into decision-making processes to guarantee real-time streamflow information at several points of the hydrological network. Discussion enhances the potentialities, open challenges, and prospects of short-term streamflow forecasting to accommodate broader studies.