bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the most of information‐gathering interviews with children
Authors: Larsson Anneli S. , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBecause child abuse victims are often the only available sources of information about their experiences, extensive efforts have been made to understand how to maximize their informativeness. There is now broad international consensus regarding optimal interview practices, and broad awareness that children's informativeness increases when interviewers conduct developmentally appropriate interviews with children. In this paper, we (1) summarize current understanding of how children remember, retrieve, and communicate information and (2) discuss ways in which children's memory and reporting can be fostered using techniques designed to help children recount past experiences such as the Cognitive Interview, the Narrative Elaboration Technique, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development‐Protocol. Communicative success clearly depends on how well children understand their role and how effectively interviewers take advantage of children's competencies and abilities to help them maximize their informativeness. Unfortunately, agreement regarding ways in which interviews should be conducted has not been paralleled by changes in the way interviews are actually conducted in the field and more attention thus needs to be paid to training and implementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limits of CD133 as a marker of glioma self‐renewing cells
Authors: Clément Virginie , Dutoit Valérie , Marino Denis , Dietrich Pierre‐Yves , Radovanovic Ivan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn human gliomas, self‐renewing and tumor‐initiating cells are characterized by the expression marker CD133. Although, widely used, the validity of CD133 is debated as recent data show that CD133+ and CD133− cells share similar stemness and tumorigenic properties. To clarify this “CD133 controversy”, we reexamined the methods of purification and the stem behavior of both CD133 compartments in fresh gliomas and gliomasphere cultures. Using human anti‐CD133‐coupled microbeads and magnetic activated cell sorting, we observed a nonspecific sorting of glioma cells irrespective of their CD133 expression. In contrast, when purified by fluorescence activating cell sorting, a specific expression and enrichment of CD133 was successfully observed in fresh human gliomas and gliomasphere cultures. However, neither the expression of stemness genes nor the long‐term self‐renewal capacities of CD133+ and CD133− cells were significantly different, even after fresh isolation. Altogether, our data show that purification of CD133+ glioma cells using hCD133‐microbeads presents a lack of specificity and demonstrate that the use of CD133 as a unique glioma stem cell marker is likely not sufficient to tag the whole self‐renewing tumor cell reservoir. © 2009 UICC
Gene signatures of pulmonary metastases of renal cell carcinoma reflect the disease‐free interval and the number of metastases per patient
Authors: Wuttig Daniela , Baier Barbara , Fuessel Susanne , Meinhardt Matthias , Herr Alexander , Hoefling Christian , Toma Marieta , Grimm Marc‐Oliver , Meye Axel , Rolle Axel , Wirth Manfred P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOur understanding of metastatic spread is limited and molecular mechanisms causing particular characteristics of metastasis are largely unknown. Herein, transcriptome‐wide expression profiles of a unique cohort of 20 laser‐resected pulmonary metastases (Mets) of 18 patients with clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were analyzed to identify expression patterns associated with two important prognostic factors in RCC: the disease‐free interval (DFI) after nephrectomy and the number of Mets per patient. Differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing early (DFI ≤ 9 months) and late (DFI ≥ 5 years) Mets, and Mets derived from patients with few (≤8) and multiple (≥16) Mets. Early and late Mets could be separated by the expression of genes involved in metastasis‐associated processes, such as angiogenesis, cell migration and adhesion (e.g., PECAM1, KDR). Samples from patients with multiple Mets showed an elevated expression of genes associated with cell division and cell cycle (e.g., PBK, BIRC5, PTTG1) which indicates that a high number of Mets might result from an increased growth potential. Minimal sets of genes for the prediction of the DFI and the number of Mets per patient were identified. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative PCR by including nine further pulmonary Mets of RCC. In summary, we showed that subgroups of Mets are distinguishable based on their expression profiles, which reflect the DFI and the number of Mets of a patient. To what extent the identified molecular factors contribute to the development of these characteristics of metastatic spread needs to be analyzed in further studies. © 2009 UICC
Investigating FTIR based histopathology for the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Baker Matthew J. , Gazi Ehsan , Brown Michael D. , Shanks Jonathan H. , Clarke Noel W. , Gardner Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common gender specific cancer. The current gold standard for diagnosis, histopathology, is subjective and limited by variation between different pathologists. The diagnostic problems associated with the correct grading and staging of prostate cancer (CaP) has led to an interest in the development of spectroscopic based diagnostic techniques. FTIR microspectroscopy used in combination with a Principal Component Discriminant Function Analysis (PC‐DFA) was applied to investigate FTIR based histopathology for the diagnosis of CaP. In this paper we report the results of a large patient study in which FTIR has been proven to grade CaP tissue specimens to a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Post‐transcriptional and post‐translational regulation of PTEN by transforming growth factor‐β1
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhou Feng , Fang Zengyu , Wang Liying , Li Zengxia , Sun Lidong , Wang Can , Yao Wantong , Cai Xiumei , Jin Jiawei , Zha Xiliang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPTEN is a critical tumor suppressor gene mutated frequently in various human cancers. Previous studies have showed that PTEN mRNA expression is down‐regulated by TGF‐β1 in various cell lines. In present study, we have found that TGF‐β1 down‐regulates PTEN mRNA and protein expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC‐7721. Based on the PTEN promoter dual‐luciferase report assay, we have found that PTEN transcription is not affected by TGF‐β1. By using transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D), the turnover rate of PTEN transcripts appeared to be accelerated during TGF‐β1 stimulation, which indicated that down‐regulation of PTEN by TGF‐β1 was post‐transcriptional. What interested us was that transfection of PTEN coding sequence increased TGF‐β1‐induced degradation of PTEN mRNA, suggesting that PTEN coding region was account for TGF‐β1‐mediated down‐regulation of PTEN. In addition, TGF‐β1 down‐regulated PTEN expression was blocked by the TβIR inhibitor SB431542 and the p38 inhibitor SB203580, suggesting Smad and p38 MAPK signal pathways played crucial roles in PTEN down‐regulation via TGF‐β1 stimulation. In this study, we also found TGF‐β1 accelerated down‐regulation of PTEN through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Collectively, our data clearly demonstrated that TGF‐β1‐mediated down‐regulation of PTEN was post‐transcriptional and post‐translational, depending on its coding sequence, Smad and p38‐MAPK signal pathways were involved in this down‐regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 1102–1112, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutually orthogonal graph squares
Authors: Sampathkumar R. , Srinivasan S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA decomposition 𝒢={G1, G2,…,Gs} of a graph G is a partition of the edge set of G into edge‐disjoint subgraphs G1, G2,…,Gs. If Gi≅H for all i∈{1, 2, …, s}, then 𝒢 is a decomposition of G by H. Two decompositions 𝒢={G1, G2, …, Gn} and ℱ={F1, F2,…,Fn} of the complete bipartite graph Kn,n are orthogonal if |E(Gi)∩E(Fj)|=1 for all i,j∈{1, 2, …, n}. A set of decompositions {𝒢1, 𝒢2, …, 𝒢k} of Kn, n is a set of k mutually orthogonal graph squares (MOGS) if 𝒢i and 𝒢j are orthogonal for all i, j∈{1, 2, …, k} and i≠j. For any bipartite graph G with n edges, N(n, G) denotes the maximum number k in a largest possible set {𝒢1, 𝒢2, …, 𝒢k} of MOGS of Kn, n by G. El‐Shanawany conjectured that if p is a prime number, then N(p, Pp+ 1)=p, where Pp+ 1 is the path on p+ 1 vertices. In this article, we prove this conjecture. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 369–373, 2009
Signatures of DNA double strand breaks produced in irradiated G1 and G2 cells persist into mitosis
Authors: Kato Takamitsu A , Okayasu Ryuichi , Bedford Joel S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe have observed that some of the DNA damage or damage product caused by irradiation of interphase cells persisted throughout the cell cycle, and resulted in the expression of γ‐H2AX foci on the mitotic chromosomes. These mitotic expressions of damage after γ‐irradiation of G1 or G2 phase cells were compared in wild‐type CHO and their DNA repair deficient XR‐1 and UV‐1 cells. γ‐H2AX foci were located on one of the chromatids or on both chromatids as isolocus paired foci. DNA double strand break (DSB) repair deficient XR‐1 cells exhibited greater persistence of γ‐H2AX foci than wild‐type cells when irradiated at G1 phase. Delayed subculture after irradiation significantly reduced the persistence of damage in mitotic cells and the radiosensitivity in wild‐type cells, but this was not the case for XR‐1 cells. Interestingly, UV and crosslinking agents sensitive UV‐1 cells which show similar sensitivity to γ‐irradiation as wild‐type cells by γ‐irradiation, exhibited significantly higher γ‐H2AX persistence at mitosis when they were irradiated in G1‐phase but not in G2‐phase. One interpretation of this is that it is due to DNA damage accumulating at stalled replication forks. As in wild type cells, in delayed subculture after γ‐ray exposure of UV‐1 cells, a reduced number of foci was also seen. Our results suggest that the persistence of γ‐H2AX foci does not always correspond with the radiosensitivities of cells, but rather depends on cells' ability to repair the different kinds of DNA damages. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 760–765, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and photoconversion in multiple arbitrary regions of interest using a programmable array microscope
Authors: Hagen Guy M. , Caarls Wouter , Lidke Keith A. , De Vries Anthony H.B. , Fritsch Cornelia , Barisas B. George , Arndt‐Jovin Donna J. , Jovin Thomas M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhotomanipulation (photobleaching, photoactivation, or photoconversion) is an essential tool in fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is commonly used for the determination of lateral diffusion constants of membrane proteins, and can be conveniently implemented in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Such determinations provide important information on molecular dynamics in live cells. However, the CLSM platform is inherently limited for FRAP because of its inflexible raster (spot) scanning format. We have implemented FRAP and photoactivation protocols using structured illumination and detection in a programmable array microscope (PAM). The patterns are arbitrary in number and shape, dynamic and adjustable to and by the sample characteristics. We have used multispot PAM–FRAP to measure the lateral diffusion of the erbB3 (HER3) receptor tyrosine kinase labeled by fusion with mCitrine on untreated cells and after treatment with reagents that perturb the cytoskeleton or plasma membrane or activate coexpressed erbB1 (HER1, the EGF receptor EGFR). We also show the versatility of the PAM for photoactivation in arbitrary regions of interest, in cells expressing erbB3 fused with the photoconvertible fluorescent protein dronpa. dronpa. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of motor nerve terminals in the anterior third of wistar rat tongue
Authors: Motoyama Aracy A. , Watanabe Ii‐Sei , Iyomasa Mamie M. , Silva Marcelo C.P. , Sosthines Márcia C.K. , Lopes Marilia Gabriela O. , Guimarães J.P. , Kfoury José R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe nerve terminals of intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue of adult wistar rats was studied by using silver impregnation techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to observe the nerve fibers and their terminals. Silver impregnation was done according to Winkelman and Schmit, 1957. For TEM, small blocks were fixed in modified Karnovsky solution, postfixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide solution, and embedded in Spurr resin. For HRSEM, the parts were fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide solution with 1/15 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 4°C for 2 h, according to the technique described by Tanaka, 1989. Thick myelinated nerve bundles were histologically observed among the muscular fibers. The intrafusal nerve fiber presented a tortuous pathway with punctiform terminal axons in clusters contacting the surface of sarcolemma. Several myelinated nerve fibers involved by collagen fibers of the endoneurium were observed in HRSEM in three‐dimensional aspects. The concentric lamellae of the myelin sheath and the axoplasm containing neurofilaments interspersed among the mitochondria were also noted. In TEM, myofibrils, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi's apparatus, and glycogen granules were observed in sarcoplasm. It is also noted that the sarcomeres constituted by myofilaments with their A, I, and H bands and the electron dense Z lines. In areas adjacent to muscular fibers, there were myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers involved by endoneurium and perineurium. In the region of the neuromuscular junction, the contact with the sarcolemma of the muscular cell occurs forming several terminal buttons and showing numerous evaginations of the cell membrane. In the terminal button, mitochondria and numerous synaptic vesicles were observed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny and phylogeny of the yolk extension in embryonic Cypriniform fishes
Authors: Virta Valerie Christine , Cooper Mark Scott 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe validity of defining a common phylotypic stage for all vertebrates has been questioned because of variations in embryonic morphological traits between vertebrate classes, as well as variations in embryonic phenotypes between species of the same vertebrate class. To evaluate the evolutionary lability of phylotypic features in vertebrate embryos, we have examined the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of the yolk extension—a distinctive morphological trait that is found in the ventrolateral trunk region of cypriniform fish embryos. This posterior axial protrusion, extending from the embryonic yolk ball, is formed in cypriniform fishes by a ventrolateral constriction of the yolk mass during the phylotypic period of development. Using a functional definition of the phylotypic period, a comparative analysis of published literature on developing actinoptyerygian (ray‐finned) fishes reveals that the yolk extension is a shared embryonic trait of the clade Cypriniformes. The yolk extension also appears in several species in two other basal teleostean clades, Characiformes and Anguilliformes. The conservation of the yolk extension in the clade Cypriniformes, as well as its presence in two other basal teleostean clades, supports the hypothesis that the yolk extension is a product of evolutionary transformation. Besides exhibiting evolutionary transformation, the process of yolk extension formation satisfies five other defined criteria for developmental modularity. Thus, it appears that yolk extension ontogenesis is a novel evolutionary, developmental module that has been incorporated into the phylotypic period of certain teleostean lineages. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:196–223, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and structural features of the βB2‐B3‐crystallin heterodimer by radical probe mass spectrometry (RP‐MS)
Authors: Diemer Hélène , Atmanene Cédric , Sanglier Sarah , Morrissey Bethny , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Downard Kevin M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe predilection of the β‐crystallin B2 subunit to interact with the βB3 subunit rather than self associate is evident by the detection of the βB2‐B3‐crystallin heterodimer by native gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionisation time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) mass spectrometry under non denaturing conditions. The complex has been detected for the first time and its molecular mass is measured to be 47 450 ± 1 Da. Radical probe mass spectrometry (RP‐MS) was subsequently applied to investigate the nature of the heterodimer through the limited oxidation of the subunits in the complex. Two peptide segments of the βB2 subunit and six of the βB3 subunit were found to oxidise, with far greater oxidation observed within the βB3 versus the βB2 subunit. This, and the observation that the oxidation data of βB2 subunit is inconsistent with the structure of the βB2 monomer, demonstrates that the protection of βB2 is conferred by its association with βB3 subunit within the heterodimer where only the residues of, and towards, its N‐terminal domain remain exposed to solvent. The results suggest that the βB2 subunit adopts a more compacted form than in its monomeric form in order for much of its structure to be enveloped by the βB3 subunit within the heterodimer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unambiguous characterization and tissue localization of Pru P 3 peach allergen by electrospray mass spectrometry and MALDI imaging
Authors: Cavatorta Valeria , Sforza Stefano , Mastrobuoni Guido , Pieraccini Giuseppe , Francese Simona , Moneti Gloriano , Dossena Arnaldo , Pastorello Elide Anna , Marchelli Rosangela 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe lipid transfer protein (LTP), Pru p 3, has been identified as the major allergen present in peach, and its sequence obtained by direct amino acid sequencing has been previously reported. However, several sequences, obtained from c‐DNA and available in databases, show differences among them and from the originally proposed structure. In this paper, we report the fast and unambiguous determination of the structure of Pru p 3 protein, extracted from three different varieties of peach, by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), both coupled to single stage (quadrupole) or advanced (FT‐HRMS) analyzers. The structure was identical to one of the cDNA‐derived sequences and different in two positions from the previously reported structure obtained by amino acid sequencing. Moreover, the exclusive localization of the protein in the outer part of the fruits was assessed by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI). The results reported here demonstrate the full potential of mass spectrometry for rapidly obtaining high quality structural data of relevant food proteins. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐frequency transmission through metallic single‐walled carbon nanotube interconnects
Authors: Tahvili M. S. , Jahanmiri S. , Sheikhi M. H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, high‐frequency transmission behavior of metallic single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) interconnects is investigated. The SWCNT is assumed to be lying over a doped Si substrate, in a transmission line configuration. A hybrid approach, combining quantum theory with classical distributed‐element model is utilized to predict dynamical performance of the metallic SWCNT as a nano transmission line. Several aspects of high‐frequency performance of such interconnect, including the effect of SWCNT length and substrate doping level, is studied. A novel modification is proposed to take damping mechanisms effect caused by the imperfect conductance of substrate into account. The results show that the impact of limited conductivity of the substrate determines the dynamical behavior of short SWCNTs; whereas in case of long nanotubes, damping effects that arise from scattering mechanisms are dominant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of empirical methods of 13C NMR chemical shift prediction as a filter for determining possible relative stereochemistry
Authors: Elyashberg Mikhail E. , Blinov Kirill A. , Williams Antony J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe reliable determination of stereocenters contained within chemical structures usually requires utilization of NMR data, chemical derivatization, molecular modeling, quantum‐mechanical (QM) calculations and, if available, X‐ray analysis. In this article, we show that the number of stereoisomers which need to be thoroughly verified, can be significantly reduced by the application of NMR chemical shift calculation to the full stereoisomer set of possibilities using a fragmental approach based on HOSE codes. The applicability of this suggested method is illustrated using experimental data published for a series of complex chemical structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of MR diffusion measurements to variations in intracellular structure: Effects of nuclear size
Authors: Xu Junzhong , Does Mark D. , Gore John C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging measurements of the apparent rate of water diffusion in tumors are sensitive to variations in tissue cellularity, which have been shown useful for characterizing tumors and their responses to treatments. However, because of technical limitations on most MRI systems, conventional pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) methods measure relatively long time scales, during which water molecules may encounter diffusion barriers at multiple spatial scales, including those much greater than typical cell dimensions. As such they cannot distinguish changes on subcellular scales from gross changes in cell density. Oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) methods have the potential to distinguish effects on restriction at much shorter time and length scales. Both PGSE and OGSE methods have been studied numerically by simulating diffusion in a three‐dimensional, multicompartment tissue model. The results show that conventional measurements with the PGSE method cannot selectively probe variations over short length scales and, therefore, are relatively insensitive to intracellular structure, whereas results using OGSE methods at moderate gradient frequencies are affected by variations in cell nuclear sizes and can distinguish tissues that differ only over subcellular length scales. This additional sensitivity suggests that OGSE imaging may have significant advantages over conventional PGSE methods for characterizing tumors. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of apparent cell radii using a multiple wave vector diffusion experiment
Authors: Weber T. , Ziener C. H. , Kampf T. , Herold V. , Bauer W. R. , Jakob P. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt had been previously shown that an idealized version of the two‐wave‐vector extension of the NMR pulsed‐field‐gradient spin echo diffusion experiment can be used to determine the apparent radius of geometries with restricted diffusion. In the present work, the feasibility of the experiment was demonstrated in an NMR imaging experiment, in which the apparent radius of axons in white matter tissue was determined. Moreover, numerical simulations have been carried out to determine the reliability of the results. For small diffusion times, the radius is systematically underestimated. Larger gradient area, finite length gradient pulses, and a statistical distribution of radii within a voxel all have a minor influence on the estimated radius. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.