bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering education in the Australian context
Authors: Bradley A. B. , Allen R. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper provides a background to the Higher Education System in Australia and in particular to the provision of undergraduate professional engineering degree programmes, often from the perspective of an accrediting body. The current issues impacting on the operating environment, as well as educational design and quality assurance approaches are discussed. Some of the key features and emerging innovations within the Australian engineering education system are reviewed. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Iwasaki Masayuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTreatment of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles with aryl chlorides in the presence of potassium carbonate under palladium catalysis and microwave irradiation at 250 °C for 15 min leads to arylation of the triazole at the 5‐position. A variety of functional groups, including ester and hydroxy groups, are compatible. The procedure is suitable for the regioselective preparation of trisubstituted triazoles. Microwave irradiation accelerates the reaction, thus allowing the rapid synthesis of trisubstituted triazoles, which are difficult to synthesize selectively.
Beanspruchungen in dicken Bodenplatten infolge des Abfließens der Hydratationswärme
Authors: Tue Nguyen Viet , Schlicke Dirk , Bödefeld Jörg 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAls Grundlage für die Erstellung eines mechanisch fundierten Bemessungskonzeptes zur Begrenzung der Rissbreite infolge des Abfließens der Hydratationswärme in sehr dicken Betonbauteilen wurde ein Messprogramm im Zuge des Neubaus der Schleuse Sülfeld‐Süd durchgeführt. Primäres Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Beschreibung der tatsächlichen Beanspruchung in dicken Betonbauteilen während der Betonerhärtung. Hierzu wurde die Zuverlässigkeit messtechnischer Größen durch eine Kompatibilitätsprüfung überprüft. Anschließend wurden die Messgrößen für die Verifikation eines 3D‐FE‐Modells verwendet. Neue Erkenntnisse zum Bauteilverhalten konnten gewonnen werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse zusammenfassend erläutert.
Chirality and chemical processes: A few afterthoughts
Authors: Cintas Pedro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChirality and chiral have become terms that pervade a wide range of disciplines in physical and life sciences. Although such terms are precisely defined, their use often engenders confusion and ambiguity. Perhaps, the most improper use of chirality, yet widely accepted, is related to its association with stereodynamics and physico‐chemical transformations, such as chiral discrimination, chiral resolution, chiral recognition, chiral synthesis, and so on. Even though this conceptual perversion has been highlighted by renowned stereochemists, it has become a recurring keyword and a hot message in modern literature. It is timely to renew the correct use and context in forums such as the present journal, adding further reflections that may help both beginners and practitioners. This short article is not intended to criticize or highlight errors, but rather to encourage a level of rigor and the use of statements, which should be universally correct. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational Influence on the Type of Stabilization of Sulfur Radical Cations in Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Hug Gordon L. , Bobrowski Krzysztof , Pogocki Dariusz , Hörner Gerald , Marciniak Bronislaw 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe free‐radical chemistry of two oxidized cyclic dipeptides is investigated using time‐resolved optical and conductivity detection. Two cyclic dipeptides, cyclo‐Gly‐L‐Met and cyclo‐D‐Met‐L‐Met, are synthesized and irradiated with nanosecond pulses of electrons, which initiate the oxidation of the methionine side chains with hydroxyl radicals from the radiolysis of water. The cyclic peptides are taken to be models for the interior of proteins where there are no terminal groups. This opens up the possibility that neighboring‐group effects can be studied directly between the initially formed sulfur radical cations and the heteroatoms associated with the peptide bonds. Such complexation of the sulfur radical cations is observed with the amide nitrogen atoms. In addition, intermolecular stabilization with the unoxidized sulfur atoms on separate cyclic dipeptide molecules is observed. Little or no intramolecular stabilization by the unoxidized sulfur in the neighboring methionine occurs in cyclo‐D‐Met‐L‐Met, in contrast to the previously observed intramolecular sulfur stabilization of the sulfur radical cation in the isomer cyclo‐L‐Met‐L‐Met. This contrasting behavior is rationalized by conformational differences in the two isomers as seen through molecular‐modeling simulations. The implications for the oxidation of the protein calmodulin, which contains multiple residues of methionine, are discussed as having analogous determining factors.
Cell‐microarray analysis of antigen‐specific B‐cells: Single cell analysis of antigen receptor expression and specificity
Authors: Tajiri Kazuto , Kishi Hiroyuki , Tokimitsu Yoshiharu , Kondo Sachiko , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Kinoshita Koshi , Jin Aishun , Kadowaki Shinichi , Sugiyama Toshiro , Muraguchi Atsushi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe authors previously developed a cell‐microarray system that effectively detects antigen‐specific B‐cells by monitoring intracellular Ca2+ at single cell levels. Here they present a novel method to detect antigen‐specific B‐cells using cell‐microarray system. To detect antigen‐specific B‐cells, they arrayed live lymphocytes on a chip, stained cells with fluorescence‐labeled nonspecific proteins, and analyzed them with a fluorescence scanner to detect nonspecific protein binding to B‐cells. They then stained cells with fluorescence‐labeled antigen and analyzed them with the scanner. Cells stained with specific antigen, but not with nonspecific proteins, were determined as antigen‐specific B‐cells and harvested. Antibody cDNA was amplified from retrieved B‐cells by single‐cell RT‐PCR, inserted into expression vectors, and was examined for its specificity by ELISA. They could detect antigen‐specific B‐cells at a frequency of 0.01% in a model system using transgenic mice that express antibody to hen‐egg lysozyme on the surface of B‐cells. They applied this system to directly detect hepatitis B virus surface‐antigen (HBs‐Ag)‐specific B‐cells from peripheral blood in HBs‐Ag‐vaccinated volunteers and succeeded in producing HBs‐Ag‐specific monoclonal antibody. This novel system allows us to identify human antigen‐specific B‐cells of very low frequency and is a powerful tool to explore the candidates of antibody therapeutics. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
New Pyrimidylboronic Acids and Functionalized Heteroarylpyrimidines by Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Clapham Kate M. , Smith Amy E. , Batsanov Andrei S. , McIntyre Laura , Pountney Adam , Bryce Martin R. , Tarbit Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report the synthesis of 2‐chloro‐5‐pyrimidylboronic acid (6) and 2‐amino‐5‐pyrimidylboronic acid (8) by lithium–halogen exchange followed by reaction with triisopropylborate. Their reactivity with heteroaryl halides in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions has been evaluated. New highly functionalized 5‐heteroarylpyrimidine derivatives 24–33 (heteroaryl = quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, thiophene, benzothiazole) have been obtained in synthetically useful yields. The X‐ray structure of 6 reveals extensive intermolecular O–H···N hydrogen bonding in the crystal. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
One‐Pot Indium Iodide Mediated Synthesis of Chiral β‐Seleno Amides and Selenocysteine Derivatives by Ring‐Opening Reaction of 2‐Oxazolines
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Vargas Fabrício , Galetto Fábio Z. , Paixão Márcio W. , Schwab Ricardo S. , Taube Paulo S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA set of chiral β‐seleno amides were efficiently synthesized by a simple and efficient procedure involving a ring‐opening reaction of 2‐oxazoline with diorganyl dichalcogenides mediated by indium(I) iodide. As an application, the synthesis of selenocysteine derivatives was accomplished. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
System identification applied to long‐span cable‐supported bridges using seismic records
Authors: Siringoringo Dionysius M. , Fujino Yozo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the application of system identification (SI) to long‐span cable‐supported bridges using seismic records. The SI method is based on the System Realization using Information Matrix (SRIM) that utilizes correlations between base motions and bridge accelerations to identify coefficient matrices of a state‐space model. Numerical simulations using a benchmark cable‐stayed bridge demonstrate the advantages of this method in dealing with multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) data from relatively short seismic records. Important issues related to the effects of sensor arrangement, measurement noise, input inclusion, and the types of input with respect to identification results are also investigated. The method is applied to identify modal parameters of the Yokohama Bay Bridge, Rainbow Bridge, and Tsurumi Fairway Bridge using the records from the 2004 Chuetsu‐Niigata earthquake. Comparison of modal parameters with the results of ambient vibration tests, forced vibration tests, and analytical models are presented together with discussions regarding the effects of earthquake excitation amplitude on global and local structural modes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treating young people with eating disorders: transition from child mental health to specialist adult eating disorder services
Authors: Arcelus Jon , Bouman Walter P. , Morgan John. F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe transition from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) of young people with eating disorders may pose a number of difficulties, including an inconsistent referral process and age boundaries.MethodsWe compared young adults referred to a specialist Adult Eating Disorders Service (AEDS) who had previous involvement with CAMHS for the treatment of their eating disorder with those who did not. Information regarding the socio‐demographic characteristics and eating disorders symptomatology of patients assessed by an AEDS over a 4‐year period was collected.ResultsPatients who had previous involvement with CAMHS (particularly the ones treated as in‐patients) presented with a lower self‐esteem and more maturity fears (MF) than those without previous involvement.ConclusionsThis study discusses the implication of these results in transitional arrangements between CAMHS and Adult services. It also highlights the need for heightened awareness of particular issues of self‐esteem and maturation in these patients moving between services. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Dieting in Spanish adolescent girls
Authors: López‐Guimerà Gemma , Fauquet Jordi , Portell Mariona , Sánchez‐Carracedo David , Raich Rosa M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article examines the relation between dieting and non‐dieting adolescent girls and body mass index (BMI), eating attitudes and the influence of the aesthetic body shape model. Three hundred forty‐nine Spanish adolescent girls in their second year of secondary education were selected. The research design was a cross‐sectional ex post facto study and validated measures were used to assess the main variables. Fourteen per cent of the sample was on a diet. Of this group, 69% were overweight, 70% had disordered eating attitudes and 70% were influenced by the current aesthetic body shape model. In all situations, the scores for dieters were significantly higher than those for non‐dieters. Although there is not yet any clear consensus with regards to how adolescents interpret the term ‘diet’, the results indicate major differences between dieters and non‐dieters and that those who self‐report that they are on a diet present elements of the risk of developing eating and weight disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating disorders and concurrent psychopathology: a reconceptualisation of clinical need through Rasch analysis
Authors: Fletcher B. (C) , Kupshik G. A. , Uprichard S. , Shah S. , Nash A. S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTherapies for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) take as their focus, perhaps of necessity, the eating disorder symptomatology. However, there is increasing evidence of comorbidity of psychopathological mechanisms (e.g. perfectionism, depression) with eating disorders which, left untreated, may diminish any therapeutic effects. Thus identifying the extent of comorbidity in an eating disorder population and assessing the relationship between psychopathological mechanisms and the eating disorder is important. Rasch analysis was applied to the findings from questionnaires (EDI‐2; SCL90‐R) completed by 105 female patients referred to an eating disorder unit. General psychopathology was found to be more indicative of ‘caseness’ than eating disorder psychopathology. In particular, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and mild interpersonal aspects of psychoticism emerged as important factors across eating disorders. The comorbidity of psychopathological mechanisms needs to be given consideration in the successful treatment of eating disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Diurnal fluctuations in glacier ice deformation: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland
Authors: Mair Douglas , Hubbard Bryn , Nienow Peter , Willis Ian , Fischer Urs H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMeasurements of surface velocity, ice deformation (at 42 and 89% ice depth) and proglacial stream discharge were made at Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, to determine diurnal patterns of variation in each. Data are analysed in order to understand better the relationship between hydraulically induced basal motion and glacier ice deformation over short timescales. The data suggest that hydraulically induced localized basal ‘slippery’ spots are created over diurnal cycles, causing enhanced basal motion and spatially variable glacier speed‐up. Our data indicate that daily glacier speed‐up is associated with reduced internal deformation over areas previously identified as slippery spots and increased deformation in areas located adjacent to or down‐glacier from slippery spots. We interpret this pattern in terms of a transfer of mechanical support for basal shear stress away from slippery spots to adjacent sticky areas, where the resulting stronger ice–bed coupling causes increased ice deformation near the bed. These patterns indicate that basal ice is subjected to stress regimes that are variable at a high spatial and temporal resolution. Such variations may be central to the creation of anomalous vertical velocity profiles measured above and down‐glacier of basal slippery zones, which have shown evidence for ‘plug flow’ and extrusion flow over annual timescales. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of genes with abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Stirewalt Derek L. , Meshinchi Soheil , Kopecky Kenneth J. , Fan Wenhong , Pogosova‐Agadjanyan Era L. , Engel Julia H. , Cronk Michelle R. , Dorcy Kathleen Shannon , McQuary Amy R. , Hockenbery David , Wood Brent , Heimfeld Shelly , Radich Jerald P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and deadly forms of hematopoietic malignancies. We hypothesized that microarray studies could identify previously unrecognized expression changes that occur only in AML blasts. We were particularly interested in those genes with increased expression in AML, believing that these genes may be potential therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis, we compared gene expression profiles between normal hematopoietic cells from 38 healthy donors and leukemic blasts from 26 AML patients. Normal hematopoietic samples included CD34+ selected cells (N = 18), unselected bone marrows (N = 10), and unselected peripheral bloods (N = 10). Twenty genes displayed AML‐specific expression changes that were not found in the normal hematopoietic cells. Subsequent analyses using microarray data from 285 additional AML patients confirmed expression changes for 13 of the 20 genes. Seven genes (BIK, CCNA1, FUT4, IL3RA, HOMER3, JAG1, WT1) displayed increased expression in AML, while 6 genes (ALDHA1A, PELO, PLXNC1, PRUNE, SERPINB9, TRIB2) displayed decreased expression. Quantitative RT/PCR studies for the 7 over‐expressed genes were performed in an independent set of 9 normal and 21 pediatric AML samples. All 7 over‐expressed genes displayed an increased expression in the AML samples compared to normals. Three of the 7 over‐expressed genes (WT1, CCNA1, and IL3RA) have already been linked to leukemogenesis and/or AML prognosis, while little is known about the role of the other 4 over‐expressed genes in AML. Future studies will determine their potential role in leukemogenesis and their clinical significance. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations of FLT3, NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11 are frequent and possibly mutually exclusive in high hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Paulsson Kajsa , Horvat Andrea , Strömbeck Bodil , Nilsson Fredrik , Heldrup Jesper , Behrendtz Mikael , Forestier Erik , Andersson Anna , Fioretos Thoas , Johansson Bertil 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlthough it has been suggested that mutations of the FLT3, NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11 genes are particularly frequent in high hyperdiploid (>50 chromosomes) pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), this has as yet not been confirmed in a large patient cohort. Furthermore, it is unknown whether mutations of these genes coexist in hyperdiploid cases. We performed mutation analyses of FLT3, NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11 in a consecutive series of 78 high hyperdiploid ALLs. Twenty‐six (33%) of the cases harbored a mutation, comprising six activating point mutations and one internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (7/78 cases; 9.0%), eight codon 12, 13, or 61 NRAS mutations (8/78 cases; 10%), five codon 12 or 13 KRAS mutations (5/78 cases, 6.4%), and seven exon 3 or 13 PTPN11 mutations (7/78 cases; 9.0%). No association was seen between the presence of a mutation in FLT3, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11 and gender, age, white blood cell count, or relapse, suggesting that they do not confer a negative prognostic impact. Only one case harbored mutations in two different genes, suggesting that mutations of these four genes are generally mutually exclusive. In total, one third of the cases harbored a FLT3, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11 mutation, identifying the RTK‐RAS signaling pathway as a potential target for novel therapies of high hyperdiploid pediatric ALLs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of CXCL1 on human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
Authors: Filipovic Radmila , Zecevic Nada 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChemokine CXCL1 is abundantly present in proliferative zones during brain development and in regions of remyelination, suggesting that it influences development of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPC) in these regions. We studied in vitro the effects and possible mechanisms by which CXCL1 acts on human fetal OPC. In organotypic slice cultures of human fetal cortical ventricular/subventricular (VZ/SVZ) zones, blocking of CXCL1 signaling reduced significantly the proliferation of OPC. Moreover, exogenously added CXCL1 induced increase of OPC proliferation. Treatments of purified OPC cultures and cell depletion experiments demonstrated that this effect of CXCL1 was mainly indirect, mediated through astrocytes. We identified that CXCL1 acted through the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway, activated primarily in astrocytes. In vitro, astrocytes stimulated with CXCL1 released several cytokines, but only the release of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was completely blocked by inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway. When released IL‐6 was neutralized in slices, a decrease in OPC proliferation was demonstrated, while addition of IL‐6 was able to return OPC proliferation in astrocyte‐depleted slices to the control level. These results suggest that in the human fetal brain CXCL1 promotes proliferation of early OPC, acting in part through an ERK1/2‐dependent pathway and release of IL‐6 from astrocytes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipopolysaccharide is a frequent and significant contaminant in microglia‐activating factors
Authors: Weinstein Jonathan R. , Swarts Sarah , Bishop Caroline , Hanisch Uwe‐Karsten , Möller Thomas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS/endotoxin) is a potent immunologic stimulant. Many commercial‐grade reagents used in research are not screened for LPS contamination. LPS induces a wide spectrum of proinflammatory responses in microglia, the immune cells of the brain. Recent studies have demonstrated that a broad range of endogenous factors including plasma‐derived proteins and bioactive phospholipids can also activate microglia. However, few of these studies have reported either the LPS levels found in the preparations used or the effect of LPS inhibitors such as polymyxin B (PMX) on factor‐induced responses. Here, we used the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay to screen a broad range of commercial‐ and pharmaceutical‐grade proteins, peptides, lipids, and inhibitors commonly used in microglia research for contamination with LPS. We then characterized the ability of PMX to alter a representative set of factor‐induced microglial activation parameters including surface antigen expression, metabolic activity/proliferation, and NO/cytokine/chemokine release in both the N9 microglial cell line and primary microglia. Significant levels of LPS contamination were detected in a number of commercial‐grade plasma/serum‐ and nonplasma/serum‐derived proteins, phospholipids, and synthetic peptide preparations, but not in pharmaceutical‐grade recombinant proteins or pharmacological inhibitors. PMX had a significant inhibitory effect on the microglia‐activating potential of a number of commercial‐, but not pharmaceutical‐grade, protein preparations. Novel PMX‐resistant responses to α2‐macroglobulin and albumin were incidentally observed. Our results indicate that LPS is a frequent and significant contaminant in commercial‐grade preparations of previously reported microglia‐activating factors. Careful attention to LPS levels and appropriate controls are necessary for future studies in the neuroinflammation field. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.