bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the effects of dog visits on depression, mood, and social interaction in elderly individuals living in a nursing home
Authors: Phelps Kristin A. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Jens Tess , Wadeson Heather 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of weekly dog visits on depression scores, mood, and social interaction in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Five elderly residents participated in baseline assessments for 4–8 weeks and then received weekly dog visits for 6 weeks. Assessments, consisting of weekly observations of social interaction and paper and pencil measures of mood and depression, continued during the dog visits. The effect of dog visits was evaluated in a multiple baseline across participants design. Dog visits did not improve depression scores, mood (with the exception of one resident), or social interaction (with the exception of one resident). Residents did interact with the dog during the visits, however, and reported that they enjoyed the visits. These results show that dog visits do not always have therapeutic effects and suggest the need for further research in the area before the beneficial effects of dog visits can be substantiated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ by flavone compounds
Authors: Lin Zhenyu , Chen Jinhua , Chen Guonan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFlavones such as morin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and wogonin were found to be able to strongly enhance the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the Ru(bpy)32+ system. Based on this, a novel ECL method with good stability and reproducibility could be developed for determination of flavones. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced ECL intensity was linear with the flavones concentration in a wide range. The detection limits (defined as S:N = 3) for morin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and wogonin were 3.2 × 10–7 mol/L, 4.3 × 10–7, 1.8 × 10–7, 8.0 × 10–8 and 1.0 × 10–7 mol/L, respectively. In addition, the possible mechanism for the Ru(bpy)32+ ECL system in the presence of flavones is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced adhesion formation following laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery
Authors: Dowson H M , Bong J J , Lovell D P , Worthington T R , Karanjia N D , Rockall T A 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Adhesion formation is common after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to compare the extent of adhesion formation following laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery.

Methods
An observational study was undertaken to identify adhesions in patients undergoing laparoscopy after previous laparoscopic or open colectomy. Adhesions were scored according to a system validated for interobserver (median κ = 0·80) and intraobserver (κ = 0·82) agreement. The primary endpoint was the overall adhesion score (0–10); a secondary endpoint was the adhesion score at the main incision site (0–6).

Results
Forty-six patients were recruited (13 laparoscopic and 33 open colectomy). In most patients (n = 29), laparoscopy was performed for tumour staging before liver resection. The median (interquartile range) overall adhesion score was 7 (5–8) in the open group and 0 (0–3) in the laparoscopic group (P &lt; 0·001). A similar difference was found for the main incision score: 6 (4–6) versus 0 (0–0) (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
There may be a reduction in adhesion formation following laparoscopic compared with open colectomy, although the small sample size limits this conclusion.
Identification of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and β‐carbolines in psychotropic ayahuasca beverage
Authors: Gambelunghe Cristiana , Aroni Kyriaki , Rossi Riccardo , Moretti Luca , Bacci Mauro 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRecently many people have shown great interest in traditional indigenous practices and popular medicine, involving the ingestion of natural psychotropic drugs. We received a request to analyze and determine the nature of a dark green liquid with a dark brown plant sediment, which the police had seized at an airport and inside the home of a person belonging to the ‘Santo Daime’ religious movement. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the extract identified N,N‐dimethyltryptamine, a potent hallucinogen, and the β‐carboline alkaloids harmine and harmaline, revealing monoamine oxidase A‐inhibiting properties. These substances are typical components of Ayahuasca, a South American psychotropic beverage obtained by boiling the bark of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi together with the leaves of various admixture plants, principally Psychotria viridis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct TLC resolution of atenolol and propranolol into their enantiomers using three different chiral selectors as impregnating reagents
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Tanwar Shivani 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDirect resolution of racemic atenolol and propranolol into their enantiomers was achieved by normal phase TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure l‐tartaric acid, (R)‐mandelic acid and (–)‐erythromycin as chiral selectors. Different solvent systems were worked out to resolve the enantiomers. Spots were detected using iodine vapour. The TLC method was validated for linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The influence of pH, temperature and concentration of chiral selector was studied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation assay of histamine and its metabolites in biological specimens
Authors: Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis review summarizes the determination methods for histamine and the metabolites in biological specimens by separation techniques, such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The typical applications using these methods are also described in this review together with the characteristics of the methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of ambroxol in human plasma
Authors: Hu Wanqun , Xu Yu , Liu Fei , Liu Aixiang , Guo Qingxiang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA sensitive, specific and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was described and validated for the quantification of ambroxol in human plasma using enalaprilat as the internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrospher CN column with a mobile phase of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) (70:30, v/v). The total run time was 5.0 min for each sample. The analytes was detected by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source in positive selected reaction monitoring mode. The precursor‐fragment ion reaction for ambroxol was m/z 378.9 → 263.8, and for IS was m/z 349.0 → 205.9. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 1.56–400.00 ng/mL. The inter‐day and the intra‐day precisions were all within 10%. A simple protein precipitation with methanol was adopted for sample preparation. The extraction recoveries of ambroxol and IS were higher than 90.80%. The validated method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 90 mg ambroxol to 24 healthy volunteers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of lehmannine in rat plasma
Authors: Zhao Gang , Du Wei , Wei Yuhui , Qin Hongyan , Wu Xinan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining lehmannine (LMN) in rat plasma was developed for application in the pharmacokinetics study. The plasma was deproteinized with acetonitrile that contained an internal standard and was separated from the aqueous layer by adding sodium chloride. The HPLC assay was carried out using a VP‐ODS column at 40°C. The mobile phase was acetonitrile–0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate buffer–triethylamine (35:65:0.04, v/v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm. The method was used to determine the concentration–time profiles of LMN in the plasma following oral administration or bolus injection of LMN aqueous solution. The pharmacokinetic parameters of LMN were calculated for the first time by Drug and Statistics 1.0 program. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of organic acids in urine by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry previous ‘in sample’ derivatization with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Pacenti Marco , Dugheri Stefano , Villanelli Fabio , Bartolucci Gianluca , Calamai Luca , Boccalon Pierpaolo , Arcangeli Giulio , Vecchione Febe , Alessi Paolo , Kikic Ireneo , Cupelli Vincenzo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA method for the determination of the organic acids directly in the urine employing derivatization with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate as a methylating agent and sequential extraction by head space and direct immersion/solid phase microextraction is reported. Furoic acid, hippuric acid, methylhippuric acid, mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid and trans, trans muconic acid contained in urine and proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists as biological exposure indices were determined after a fast and economically convenient preparation step and sensitive gas chromatography–ion trap–mass spectrometry/tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Urine is rather a complex sample and hence the acquisition method required specific GC‐MS instrumentation capable of supporting the changeover, fully automated during a single chromatographic separation, from mass to tandem mass spectrometry and both chemical and electron ionization modes. The automation of the analytical method provides a number of advantages, including reduced analysis time for both routine analysis and method development, and greater reproducibility. The equilibrium and kinetics of this substances vs head space/direct immersion‐solid phase microextraction were investigated and evaluated theoretically. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in IL‐8 release and intracellular content in DMSO‐differentiated HL‐60 cells after treatment with 4‐hydroxynonenal
Authors: Maggiora Marina , Rossi Maria Armida 
Published: May 2008

Abstract4‐Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a chemotactic aldehyde produced by lipid peroxidation, has been shown to trigger exocytosis in HL‐60 cells induced to differentiate toward the granulocytic cell line by DMSO. In this work we studied HNE effects on the intracellular content of IL‐8 and its release in DMSO‐differentiated HL‐60 cells. Cell incubation at 37°C in the presence of 0.1 µM HNE induced a significant increase of IL‐8 release after 30 min; the degree of HNE‐induced IL‐8 secretion became quite strong after 1 h, whereas the intracellular content showed no statistically significant changes. By contrast, 1 µM HNE induced a low decrease of the chemokine release; however, the used HNE concentrations failed to increase the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a test used to assay cell viability. The addition of 0.1 µM IL‐8 to DMSO‐differentiated HL‐60 cells induced a strong increase of exocytosis, measured by β‐glucuronidase secretion. Exocytosis stimulation by IL‐8 was much higher than that given by the aldehyde; the addition of various HNE concentrations to cells incubated in the presence of IL‐8 decreased the secretion given by the cytokine alone. However, HNE‐induced exocytosis was likely to be a direct action of the aldehyde and was not mediated through the stimulation of IL‐8 release since HNE was unable to modify IL‐8 secretion during the short time of 10 min used in the exocytosis assay. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calix[n]arene‐Based Glycoclusters: Bioactivity of Thiourea‐Linked Galactose/Lactose Moieties as Inhibitors of Binding of Medically Relevant Lectins to a Glycoprotein and Cell‐Surface Glycoconjugates and Selectivity among Human Adhesion/Growth‐Regulatory Galectins
Authors: André Sabine , Sansone Francesco , Kaltner Herbert , Casnati Alessandro , Kopitz Jürgen , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Ungaro Rocco 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGrowing insights into the functionality of lectin–carbohydrate interactions are identifying attractive new targets for drug design. As glycan recognition is regulated by the structure of the sugar epitope and also by topological aspects of its presentation, a suitable arrangement of ligands in synthetic glycoclusters has the potential to enhance their avidity and selectivity. If adequately realized, such compounds might find medical applications. This is why we focused on lectins of clinical interest, acting either as a potent biohazard (a toxin from Viscum album L. akin to ricin) or as a factor in tumor progression (human galectins‐1, ‐3, and ‐4). Using a set of 14 calix[n]arenes (n=4, 6, and 8) with thiourea‐linked galactose or lactose moieties, we first ascertained the lectin‐binding properties of the derivatized sugar head groups conjugated to the synthetic macrocycles. Despite their high degree of flexibility, the calix[6,8]arenes proved especially effective for the plant AB‐toxin, in the solid‐phase model system with a single glycoprotein (asialofetuin) and with human tumor cells in vitro. The bioactivity of the calix[n]arenes was also proven for human galectins. Notably, selectivity for the tested tandem‐repeat‐type galectin‐4 among the three subgroups was determined at the level of solid‐phase and cell assays, the large flexible macrocycles again figuring prominently as inhibitors. Alternate and cone versions of calix[4]arene with lactose units distinguished between galectins‐1 and ‐4 versus galectin‐3 in cell assays. The results thus revealed bioactivity of galactose‐/lactose‐presenting calix[n]arenes for medically relevant lectins and selectivity within the family of adhesion/growth‐regulatory human galectins.
Separation and Purification of β‐Carotene from Chlorophyll Factory Residues
Authors: Huang M. , Xu Y.‐J. , Lv Q.‐L. , Ren Q.‐L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA process for the separation and purification of β‐carotene from chlorophyll factory residues has been developed. By use of three‐step extractions using ethanol, hexane‐NaCl aqueous solution and hexane‐95 % methanol, β‐carotene was enriched up to 0.23 % with a recovery of 79.6 %. The performance and separation characteristics relevant to β‐carotene were measured on HZ816, H103, D4006, HZ801, X5, S8, AB8 and D301 resins. It was found that the non‐polar macroporous X5 resin offers the largest adsorption capacity among the tested adsorbents. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the multicomponent isotherms of the crude residue, and the experimental data fits best to the Freundlich isotherm. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were performed to optimize the β‐carotene separation process on a packed‐bed X5 column. The parameters for dynamic adsorption include a β‐carotene sample solution concentration of 174.5 μg/mL, processing volume of 5 BV, flow rate of 0.5 BV/h, and a temperature of 25 °C. The β‐carotene was eluted entirely from the column following treatment with a gradient elution of ethanol‐ether. The content in the product increased from 0.23 % to 2.03 %, with a recovery yield of 76.6 %. It was then recrystallized in chloroform‐ethanol to obtain a final crystalline product with a purity of 95 %.
Extraction and Purification of Bioproducts and Nanoparticles using Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Strategies
Authors: Benavides J. , Aguilar O. , Lapizco‐Encinas B. H. , Rito‐Palomares M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAqueous Two‐Phase Systems (ATPS) is a primary recovery technique that has shown great potential for the efficient extraction and purification of high value biological compounds. The main advantages of this technique include scaling up feasibility, process integration capability and biocompatibility. In this review, the efficient use of ATPS for the extraction of proteins, genetic material, low molecular weight compounds, bioparticles, nanoparticles and cells is highlighted. The important role of ATPS in process integration, i.e., extractive conversion, extractive fermentation, cell disruption integrated with product recovery, and extractive purification, is discussed. A novel approach to protein molecular characterization combining ATPS and 2‐dimension electrophoresis (2‐DE) is introduced as a first step in the process development. Novel approaches for downstream processing using ATPS and dielectrophoresis are presented. Finally, trends concerning the application of ATPS strategies to address the future challenges of bioseparation are discussed.
Downstream Processing of Plasmid DNA for Gene Therapy and Genetic Vaccination
Authors: Voß C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPlasmid DNA is used as a cloning vector to deliver recombinant genetic information into microorganisms. Since the 1990s, this principle has also been applied for the delivery of therapeutic genes in gene therapy and genetic vaccination. This non‐viral gene delivery is afflicted with fewer safety concerns in comparison to viral systems. Processes for the production of high‐quality plasmid DNA at multi‐ and kilogram scale are necessary to meet the needs of clinical trials as well as future therapeutics. Cell disruption, the separation of structurally‐related impurities and analytical techniques for process and quality control are the main challenges for bioengineering. This review summarizes the development in these fields over the past recent years.
Comment on Aspects of Chitosan Preparation
Authors: Leonhardt S. E. S. , Ondruschka B. , Ondruschka J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe deacetylation of chitin was studied as a function of NaOH concentration, reaction time and temperature as determined by acid‐base titration. Deacetylation was performed by classical heating or under microwave irradiation. Microwave experiments were carried out to compare the results with selected examples from the Chinese literature. The maximum degree of deacetylation (88 %) was obtained after 30 min of classical heating (135 °C) in 50 wt % NaOH solution.
Chemical ant colony algorithm with supramolecular coefficient and multivariate calibration to calix[n]arenas(n = 4, 6, 8) supramolecular system
Authors: Ding Yaping , Wu Qingsheng , Su Qingde 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA chemical ant colony algorithm (CACA) with supramolecular coefficient γ was put forward. It has successfully solved the multivariate calibration issue of the supramolecule analysis system, and realized the pure spectra fitting and the simultaneous determination of the calix[n]arenas(n = 4, 6, 8) in a multicomponent supramolecular system. The analyzing errors for calix[4, 6, 8]arenas through Chemical Ant Colony Algorithm with supramolecular coefficient γ are within ±3.75%. The errors by CACA are within ±7.50%. The former obviously excels the latter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of QM simulations and multivariate analysis in the study of alkene reactivity in the zeolite H‐ZSM5
Authors: Gleeson Duangkamol 
Published: May 2008

AbstractReported herein are the results of an investigation into the effect of the extended framework of the zeolite ZSM‐5 on the reaction energetics and structures of (a) the physisorbed complex formed between the zeolite and six alkenes, (b) the corresponding chemisorbed alkoxide intermediate and (c) the transition states (TS) connecting the two. For this, quantum mechanical (QM) simulations of ZSM‐5 in the presence and absence of the zeolite framework have been employed. A 46T density functional theory (DFT) cluster model and a 3T:46T DFT:UFF ONIOM model are used to represent the former scenario and a simple 3T DFT cluster model for the latter. The structural implications of neglecting the zeolite framework have been rigorously compared using the multivariate statistical method principal components analysis (PCA). This method allows one to assess the correlated nature of the changes in structure along the reaction coordinate, for multiple different alkenes, in a facile, reliable way. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault detection and classification for a two‐stage batch process
Authors: Liu Jialin , Wong David Shan Hill 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMultiway principal component analysis (MPCA) has been extensively applied to batch process monitoring. In the case of monitoring a two‐stage batch process, the inter‐stage variation is neglected if MPCA models for each individual stage are used. On the other hand, if two stages of reference data are combined into a large dataset that MPCA is applied to, the dimensions of the unfolded matrix will increase dramatically. In addition, when an abnormal event is detected, it is difficult to identify which stage's operation induced this alarm. In this paper, partial least squares (PLS) is applied to monitor the inter‐stage relation of a two‐stage batch process. In post‐analysis of abnormalities, PLS can clarify whether root causes are from previous stage operations or due to the changes of the inter‐stage correlations. This approach was successfully applied to a semiconductor manufacturing process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot study on colonic mucosal tissues by fluorescence spectroscopy technique: Discrimination by principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis
Authors: Kamath Sudha D. , D'souza Claretta S. , Mathew Stanley , George Sajan D. , Santhosh C , Mahato K. K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPulsed laser‐induced autofluorescence spectra of pathologically certified normal and malignant colonic mucosal tissues were recorded at 325 nm excitation. The spectra were analysed using three different methods for discrimination purposes. First, all the spectra were subjected to the principal component analysis (PCA) and the discrimination between normal and malignant cases were achieved using parameters like, spectral residuals, Mahalanobis distance and scores of factors. Second, to understand the changes in tissue composition between the two classes (normal, and malignant), difference spectrum was constructed by subtracting mean spectrum of calibration set samples from simulated mean of all spectra of any one class (normal/malignant) and in third, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was carried out on the same set of spectral data by training the network with spectral features like, mean, median, spectral residual, energy, standard deviation, number of peaks for different thresholds (100, 250 and 500) after carrying out 1st‐order differentiation of the training set samples and discrimination between normal and malignant conditions were achieved. The specificity and sensitivity were determined in PCA and ANN analyses and they were found to be 100 and 91.3% in PCA, and 100 and 93.47% in ANN, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Resolving the sign ambiguity in the singular value decomposition
Authors: Bro R. , Acar E. , Kolda Tamara G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractJ. Chemometrics 22(2): 135–140. DOI: 10.1002/cem.1122It has come to our attention that an error arose during correction of this article.In Figure 3, Step 3 should as appear as follows: magnified image