bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolf Bastian und die Begründung der deutschen Ethnologie im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Fiedermutz‐Laun Annemarie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExamining the life and work of Adolf Bastian from a dilettante point of view does justice to this important personality of German 19th century ethnology only if a very differentiating approach takes into consideration all the aspects of his work. Bastian, a medical doctor trained in the humanistic tradition, acquired a universal knowledge during his studies. In 1869, he made ethnology into an independent science in Germany, and in the following decades, established it through extensive organisational measures. Bastian worked as a professional in ethnological research. The influence of his theory, the Lehre vom Elementar und Völkergedanken, reaches up into the 20th century although it did bear epigonous and time‐related traits. Bastian broadens the ethnological field of research into a universal‐historical reflection. He postulates a strictly empirical method and was one of the few that opposed the encroachment of evolutionism on the human sciences in Germany in the 19th century. In the face of these merits Bastian is to be considered a “true scientist” in the history of the sciences who, nevertheless, shows serious flaws in several areas of his work, flaws that are of an amateurish nature. Especially deplorable are his very unsystematic way of working and the stylistic excesses in his writings. Most of his large ethnographic collections of materials cannot be used in continued scientific work. A fact that has caused a lot of critizism and, considering Bastian's decades of intensive research, represents a great loss to ethnology.
Bioremediation potential of live and dead Spirulina: Spectroscopic, kinetics and SEM studies
Authors: Doshi Hiren , Ray Arabinda , Kothari I.L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMetal binding by algae has enormous potential for environmental bioremediation targeting towards detoxification of water bodies. The present work reports the use of live and dead Spirulina sp. for sorption of metals like Cr3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ in form of Cr2O. Preliminary investigation shows that this biomass takes up substantial amount of metal ions indicated above. IR spectroscopic study, kinetics models, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, SEM analysis, and fluorescence microscopic study of Spirulina sp. and the Spirulina sp. treated with different metal ions have been employed to understand the sorption mechanism. It is hoped that live Spirulina sp. will be a strong candidate for management of industrial wastewater. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:1051–1063. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of novel poly(ethylene glycol)‐based vehicles for gene delivery
Authors: Schmieder Anne H. , Grabski Lauren E. , Moore Nicole M. , Dempsey Leslie A. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to develop and characterize a gene delivery vehicle with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) backbone with the aim of overcoming limitations, such as cytotoxicity and rapid clearance, associated with current commonly used non‐viral carriers. PEG was functionalized with DNA‐binding peptides (DBPs) to make a vehicle (DBP‐PEG) capable of condensing DNA. Complexes of plasmid DNA and DBP‐PEG were formed and characterized by measuring particle size, zeta potential, and transfection efficiency as a function of N:P charge ratios (DBP‐PEG amino groups:DNA phosphate). Dynamic light scattering showed that DBP‐PEG was able to condense DNA efficiently resulting in a population of particles in the range of 250–300 nm. Neutral or slightly positive zeta potentials were measured for charge ratios of 3.5:1 and greater. DBP‐PEG/DNA complexes, made with plasmids encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and β‐Galactosidase (β‐Gal) genes, were used to transfect Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. DBP‐PEG/DNA was capable of transfecting cells and maximum transfection efficiency was observed for N:P ratios from 4:1 to 5:1, corresponding to zeta potentials from −4 to +1.6 mV. The effect of the DBP‐PEG vehicle on cell viability was assayed. DBP‐PEG was associated with a higher percentage of viable cells (∼95%) than either polyethylenimine (PEI) or poly‐L‐lysine (PLL), and with transfection efficiency greater than PLL, but with somewhat lower than PEI. The results of this work demonstrate that PEG can be used as the backbone for gene delivery vehicles. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:967–976. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Job completion prediction using case‐based reasoning for Grid computing environments
Authors: Nassif Lilian Noronha , Nogueira José Marcos , Karmouch Ahmed , Ahmed Mohamed , de Andrade Flávio Vinícius 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne of the main focuses of Grid computing is solving resource‐sharing problems in multi‐institutional virtual organizations. In such heterogeneous and distributed environments, selecting the best resource to run a job is a complex task. The solutions currently employed still present numerous challenges and one of them is how to let users know when a job will finish. Consequently, reserve in advance remains unavailable. This article presents a new approach, which makes predictions for job execution time in Grid by applying the case‐based reasoning paradigm. The work includes the development of a new case retrieval algorithm involving relevance sequence and similarity degree calculations. The prediction model is part of a multi‐agent system that selects the best resource of a computational Grid to run a job. Agents representing candidate resources for job execution make predictions in a distributed and parallel manner. The technique presented here can be used in Grid environments at operation time to assist users with batch job submissions. Experimental results validate the prediction accuracy of the proposed mechanisms, and the performance of our case retrieval algorithm. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slipped μ‐Indenyl Triple‐Decker Complexes Containing (C4Me4)Co and (C5R5)Ru Fragments
Authors: Mutseneck Elena V. , Starikova Zoya A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Zanello Piero , Corsini Maddalena , Kudinov Alexander R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSlipped triple‐decker complexes with a bridging indenyl ligand, namely [Cb*Co(μ:η5:η6‐C9H7)CoCb*]+ (2, Cb* = C4Me4) and [Cb*Co(μ:η5:η6‐C9H7)Ru(C5R5)]+ (R = H, 5a; Me, 5b), have been synthesised by electrophilic stacking of [Cb*Co(η5‐C9H7)] (1) with [Cb*Co(MeCN)3]+ or [(C5R5)Ru(MeCN)3]+ (R = H, Me), respectively. A similar reaction of [(C5R5)Ru(η5‐C9H7)] (R = H, 3a; Me, 3b) with [Cb*Co(MeCN)3]+ affords the cations [(C5R5)Ru(μ:η5:η6‐C9H7)CoCb*]+ (R = H, 4a; Me, 4b), which are isomeric with 5a,b. Stacking of [Ru(η5‐C9H7)2] (7) with [Cb*Co(MeCN)3]+ or [Cb*CoI]x/TlBF4 gives the triple‐decker complex [(η5‐C9H7)Ru(μ:η5:η6‐C9H7)CoCb*]+ (8). Further reaction of 8 with [Cp*RuCl]4/TlBF4 unexpectedly affords the slipped tetra‐decker ruthenium complex [Cp*Ru(μ:η5:η6‐C9H7)Ru(μ:η5:η6‐C9H7)RuCp*]2+ (11). The structures of [4b][Co(η‐7,8‐C2B9H11)2] and [Cp*Ru(η6‐C9H7)] (6) have been determined by X‐ray diffraction, and the electrochemical behaviour of the complexes prepared has been studied. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Assessing uncertainty in outsourcing clinical services at tertiary health centers
Authors: Billi John E. , Pai Chih‐Wen , Spahlinger David A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen tertiary health centers face capacity constraint, one feasible strategy to meet service demand is outsourcing clinical services to qualified community providers. Clinical outsourcing enables tertiary health centers to meet the expectations of service timeliness and provides good opportunities to collaborate with other health care providers. However, outsourcing may result in dependence and loss of control for the tertiary health centers. Other parties involved in clinical outsourcing such as local partners, patients, and payers may also encounter potential risks as well as enjoy benefits in an outsourcing arrangement. Recommendations on selecting potential outsourcing partners are given to minimize the risks associated with an outsourcing contract. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐equilibrium sediment transport model for rill erosion
Authors: Liu Q. Q. , Chen L. , Li J. C. , Singh V. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSediment transport in rill flows exhibits the characteristics of non‐equilibrium transport, and the sediment transport rate of rill flow gradually recovers along the flow direction by erosion. By employing the concept of partial equilibrium sediment transport from open channel hydraulics, a dynamic model of rill erosion on hillslopes was developed. In the model, a parameter, called the restoration coefficient of sediment transport capacity, was used to express the recovery process of sediment transport rate, which was analysed by dimensional analysis and determined from laboratory experimental data. The values of soil loss simulated by the model were in agreement with observed values. The model results showed that the length and gradient of the hillslope and rainfall intensity had different influences on rill erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disposition of methacrylonitrile in rats and distribution in blood components
Authors: Cavazos Rogelio , Farooqui Mohammed Y. H. , Day Wesley W. , Villarreal Maria I. , Massa Enrique 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe interaction of 2[14C]methyl‐2,3[14C]acrylonitrile (MeAN) with the components of blood and its disposition in male Sprague‐Dawley rats has been investigated. Following an oral administration of 100 mg/kg (0.5 LD50, 8 μCi/kg), the rats excreted 43% of the [14C] in the urine, 15% in the feces and 2.5% in the expired air as 14CO2 in 5 days. Hydrogen cyanide (H14CN) was not detectable. The red blood cells retained significant amounts of radioactivity for more than five days after administration, whereas the [14C]‐activity in plasma declined sharply. More than 50% of the radioactivity in erythrocytes was detected as covalently bound to cytoplasmic (hemoglobin) and membrane proteins. A small amount of radioactivity was also found in the heme fraction. About 13% of the total dose administered was recovered as thiocyanate in the plasma and the urine. These results suggest that the toxicity of MeAN may be attributable to the whole molecule and not entirely to the in vivo liberation of cyanide.
Specifically tritiated arene oxides
Authors: Yagi Haruhiko , Dansette Patrick , Jerina Donald M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConvenient methods have been developed for the preparation of specifically tritiated arene oxides. K‐Region arene oxides of phenanthene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene were prepared from triatiated cis dihydrodiols via the methoxydioxolane route and the non‐K‐region arene oxides, benzo[a]pyrene 7,8‐ and 9,10‐oxide, were prepared via triated halphydrin esters.
Preparation d'aidehydes‐ethyleniques deuteries sur le groupemen carbonyle
Authors: Michel Dedieu , Louis Pascal Yves , Jacques Basselier Jean , Pierre Dizabo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractL'échange indirect de l'hydrogéne aldéydique par du deutérium dans un aldéhyde éthylénique conjugué peut se faire par l'intermédiaire du dithianne ‐1,3 correspondant, aprés traitement par le butyllithium ou mieux le méthyl‐lithium suivi d'hydrolyse par D2O et régénération de 1′aldéhyde par HgO.
Syntheses of radioactive and stable isotope‐labelled 1‐ethyl‐6,7‐methylenedioxy‐4(1h)‐oxocinnoline‐3‐carboxylic acids (cinoxacin)
Authors: Nagasaki T. , Katsuyama Y. , Minato H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract1‐Ethyl‐6,7‐methylenedioxy‐4(1H)‐oxocinnoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (cinoxacin) (1), an effective antimicrobial agent has been labelled with carbon‐14. The carbon‐14 was incorporated into the C‐4 position of the molecule to give XIV in 10.0% overall radiochemical yield based on barium carbonate‐14C. The 13C‐, 15N‐, and d‐labelled compounds (XV, XVII, and XVIII) have also been synthesized for absorption and metabolism studies.
Labeled metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. V. trans‐7,8‐dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐diol‐7‐14C and (±)‐7α,8β‐dihydroxy‐9β,10β‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐7‐14C
Authors: McCaustland Daniel J. , Duncan W. P. , Engel James F. 
Published: October 2006

Abstracttrans‐7,8‐Dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐diol‐7‐14C (VI) and (±)‐7α,8β‐dihydroxy‐9β,10β‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]‐pyrene‐7‐14C (VII) were prepared at a specific activity of 53.9 mCi/mmole by a multi‐step synthetic sequence using K14CN as the labeled precursor. The overall radiochemical yields for (VI) and (VII) were 18 and 7%, respectively.
Synthese de l'acide (chloro‐3 cyclohexyl‐4 phenyl)‐4 oxo‐4 butyrique (804 CB) marque au carbone 14
Authors: Pichat L. , Beaucourt J. P. , Herbert M. , Krausz F. , Breliere J. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Grignard reagent made from p‐cyclohexyl m‐chloroiodobenzene is carbonated with 14CO2 to give 3‐chloro 4‐cyclohexyl benzoǐc acid (radioactive yield 50 %). This acid is transformed into the corresponding chloride with thionyl chloride. Condensation of the chloride with tris‐(trimethylsilyl) 1‐lithio‐1,1,2 ethane tricarboxylate gives after hydrolysis 4‐(3‐chloro 4‐cyclohexyl phenyl) 4‐oxobutyric acid 4‐14C with an overall yield of 41 % based on barium carbonate. (Specific activity : 53 mCi/mMole).
Synthesis of aromatic and alicyclic six‐membered rings, labelled with 13C in positions 1,3,5
Authors: Heusler Andreas , Gäumann Tino 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of uvitic‐1,3,5‐13C acid, starting from Ba13CO3, is described. It allows the preparation of several compounds containing the aromatic and alicyclic six‐membered labelled ring on a micro scale with good yields.
Asymmetric synthesis of [C‐1‐3H]‐labelled (+)‐trans [1R,3R]‐chrysanthemic acid
Authors: Pattenden Gerald , Storer Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA facile asymmetric synthesis of [C‐1‐3H]‐labelled (+)‐trans[1R,3R]‐chrysanthemic acid, required for biosynthetic studies is described. The tritium labelled acid is prepared from the corresponding (−)‐cis[1S,3R]‐ester by selective epimerisation of the C‐1 centre in the latter, in the presence of tritiated water.
Labeled metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. VI. Trans‐7,8‐dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐7,8,diol‐G‐3H and (±)‐7α,8β‐dihydroxy‐9β,10β‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐G‐3H
Authors: McCaustland Daniel J. , Fischer Daniel L. , Duncan W. P. , Ogilvie Edward J. , Engel James F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe syntheses of trans‐7,8‐dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐diol‐G‐3H (V) and (±)‐7α, 8β‐dihydroxy‐9β,10β‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐G‐3H (VI) are described. The specific activities of V and VI were 158 mCi/mmole and 220 mCi/mmole, respectively. The key intermediate, trans‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐diol‐G‐3H dibenzoate (III), was prepared by catalytic dehalogenation with tritium gas.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled antitumor agents. II. A facile synthesis of ring‐14C‐labelled para‐toluic acid as an intermediate for synthesis of ring‐14C‐labelled procarbazine
Authors: Lin Ying‐Tsung , Dummel Robert J. , Leaffer Morris A. , Tanabe Masato 
Published: October 2006

Abstractp‐Toluic acid‐ring‐14C was synthesized by the Friedel‐Crafts p‐carbamylation of toluene‐ring‐14C with N,N‐disubstituted carbamyl chloride and subsequent hydrolysis. The radiochemical yield was 61%. An attempt was made to apply this method for the synthesis of benzoic acid‐ring‐14C from benzene‐ring‐14C.
The synthesis of deuterium enriched erythro‐α‐methylnorepinephrine and norepinephrine
Authors: Kalir Asher , Freed Curt , Melmon Kenneth L. , Castagnoli Neal 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNorepinephrine‐d10, d11deuteriochloride and erythro‐α‐methylnorepinephrine‐d6, d7 hydrochloride for use as mass spectrometric stable isotope internal standards have been synthesized. Trideuteriomethylation of the lithio derivative of 3,4‐dimethoxyacetophenone provided the corresponding 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1‐propanone‐3,3,3‐d3. Bromination followed by treatment of the resulting α‐bromoketone with dibenzylamine yielded the α‐dibenzylamino derivative of 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1‐propanone‐3,3,3‐d3. Deuterium bromide cleaved the methyl ether groups and introduced three to four additional deuterium atoms in the resulting catechol. Catalytic hydrogenation gave the desired erythro‐α‐methynorepinephrine enriched with six or seven deuterium atoms.
The preparation of chloral‐1,2‐14C hydrate
Authors: Weaner L. E. , Burghard G. L. , Blackburn D. W. , Mendelson W. L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChloral‐1,2‐14C hydrate was prepared by direct chlorination of labeled acetaldehyde in an overall 47% radiochemical yield. The reaction was carried out without a catalyst by heating at one temperature in a single stage reaction. No lower chloroacetaldehydes were detected.
Synthesis of 14C‐methotrexate: (N‐[p‐[[2,4‐diamino‐4‐deoxy‐6‐pteridinyl]methyl]methylamino]‐benzoyl) ‐L‐14C‐glutamic acid
Authors: Nair M. G. , Baugh Charles M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simple and general method for the synthesis of folate analogs labeled in the glutamate moiety with 14C is described. The synthesis makes use of the trimethylsilyl derivative of L‐glutamic acid 8 for the coupling reaction with the activated pteroate analogs. Deprotection under mild conditions circumvented the potential problems associated with deamination at the 4‐position of 2. Methotrexate, folic acid, and N10 ‐ methyl folic acid were prepared in ˜50% yield by the use of this procedure.
Labelled organophosphorus pesticides. I. Synthesis of carbon‐14 labelled O,O‐dimethyl O‐(3‐methyl‐4‐nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate (sumithion®)
Authors: Yoshitake Akira , Kawahara Kazuo , Kamada Takeshi , Endo Michio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractO,O‐Dimethyl O‐(3‐methyl‐4‐nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate (I) (Sumithion®), an organophosphorus insecticide, was labelled with carbon‐14 individually at the aryl methyl and the phenyl ring. The synthetic procedures are shown in Fig. 1 and 2. Coupling reaction of 3‐methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide with methyl‐14C iodide followed by O‐demethylation gave 3‐methyl‐14C‐phenol, which was nitrosated with sodium nitrite and subsequently oxidized with 30% nitric acid to give 3‐methyl‐14C‐4‐nitrophenol in the overall yield of 48% from methanol‐14C. Condensation of 3‐methyl‐14C‐4‐nitrophenol with O,O‐dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate gave Sumithion‐(aryl methyl‐14C) in 89% yield.Grignard reaction of 1‐bromo‐3‐methoxybenzene‐14C6 with methyl iodide afforded 1‐methoxy‐3‐methylbenzene‐14C6 in good yield and the latter was converted to Sumithion‐(phenyl‐14C) by the similar procedures used for the aryl methyl labelling. The overall yield of sumithion‐(phenyl‐14C) was 43% from 3‐bromophenol‐14C6.
Reaction of tritium atoms with unsaturated compounds
Authors: Ehrenkaufer Richard Lee E. , Wolf Alfred P. , Hembree Wylie C. , Lieberman Seymour 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe reaction of tritium atoms with unsaturated compounds was shown to proceed both by addition to the double bond yielding the reduced product as well as by tritium/hydrogen exchange resulting in labeled parent. Reduction occurred to varying degrees in all cases investigated but appears to be far less significant than in Wilzbach labeling. The addition/substitution ratio producing labeled products for oleic acid was 2.6(compared to 24.4 by Wilzbach) for the unsaturated amino acids 3,4‐dehydro‐D,L‐proline and L‐2‐amino‐4‐(2′‐aminoethoxy) trans‐3‐butenoic acid was 12.8 and 11.6 respectively and for morphine (resulting in 6,7‐dihydromorphine) only 0.02.
Synthesis of 3‐(hydroxymethyl‐14C)‐8‐methoxychromone‐214C and 3‐hydroxymethyl–8‐methoxychromone‐4‐14C
Authors: Merrill E. J. , Lewis A. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simple route to 3‐(hydroxymethyl‐14C)‐8‐methoxychromone‐2‐14 using formaldehyde‐14C is described. However, this material was considered to be unacceptable for most biological studies because about 16% of the radioactivity was expired as 14CO2 in the mouse. The synthesis of 3‐methoxysalicylic (carboxyl‐14C) acid is described which was converted in several steps to 3‐hydroxymethyl‐8‐methoxychromone‐4‐14C. Only 0.03% of the radioactivity in this compound was expired as 14CO2.
Synthesis of (25S)‐5α‐cholestane‐3β, 26‐DIOL[2,4,2′,4′‐3H4]
Authors: Bovara Roberto , Longhi Renato , Nicotra Francesco , Vecchio Giuseppe 
Published: October 2006

Abstract(25S)–5α‐cholestane‐3β, 26‐diol [2,4,2′,4′–3H4] was synthesized by hydrogenation of neotigogenin acetate 2, followed by acetylation to (25S)‐5α‐furostane‐3β, 26‐diol diacetate 5; this was oxidized to (25S)–16–22‐dioxo‐5α‐cholestane‐3β, 26‐diol diacetate 6. Clemmensen reduction of the last product afforded (25S)–5α‐cholestane‐3β, 26‐diol 26‐monoacetate 9, which was oxidized to 3‐oxo‐derivative 12; this was tritium labelled by base‐catalyzed exchange with 0.1 N‐NaOH in iso PrO3H and reduced to 14 with NaBH4.
The preparation of 11C‐methyl labelled 1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐dipyridinium diiodide
Authors: Palmer A. J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract11C‐Methyl labelled 1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐dipyridinium diiodide has been prepared by reaction of 11C‐iodomethane with 4,4′‐dipyridyl dihydrate. Radiochemical analysis of the product was by electrophoresis. The 11C‐iodomethane precursor was prepared rapidly from cyclotron produced 11CO2 by reduction to methanol with lithium aluminium hydride followed by treatment with hydriodic acid.
Tritium labeled diflorasone diacetate
Authors: Hsi Richard S. P. , Ayer Donald E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDiflorasone diacetateGeneric name for FLORONE® (The Upjohn Co.), 6α, 9α‐difluoro‐11β, 17α, 21‐trihydroxy‐16β‐methylpregna‐1,4‐diene‐3,20‐dione 17,21‐diacetate.
(III) is catalytically reduced with tritium gas to give the A‐ring saturated 1,2,4,5‐tetratritiated compound. The double bonds in the 1,2‐ and 4,5‐positions are restored by dehydrogen‐ation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ). The tritium labeled diflorasone diacetate thus prepared has a specific activity of 7.69 Ci/mM after chromatographic purification. The low tritium retention indicates that the introduction of tritium during reduction and its removal during dehydrogenation occurred predominantly from the same side of the steroid molecule. The Δ1,4 product and the Δ1 and Δ4 by‐products are readily separated by thin‐layer chroma‐tography (tlc) on silica gel plates impregnated with ferric chloride.
Synthese Et Marquage Au 14C De La p‐ [bis (chloro‐2‐ethyl) Amino] l‐Phenylalanine Ou Melphalan
Authors: Colette Nicolas , Denise Godeneche 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLa p‐ [bis(chloro‐2‐éthyl)amino] l‐phenylalanine ou melphalan a été marquée sur les quatre carbones du graoupement dichloro éthyle par l'oxyde d'éthylène ‐14C uniformément marqué (activité spécifique: 4,5 μCi/mg) en vue de l'étude pharmacocinétique.
Labelled compounds of potential biological interest. V. Preparation of some hypolipidemic agents labelled with tritium
Authors: Gosztonyi Tamas , Bondesson Göran , Domeij Karl Erik , Stjernstroum Nils E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo hypolipidemic aryloxyacetic acid derivatives and one aryloxy‐methylmalonic acid derivative were labelled with tritium in the aryloxy moiety. The corresponding phenols were first labelled by the Yavorsky method and then transformed to the desired products by synthetic reaction steps. For comparative pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies the carboxylic acid corresponding to clofibrate was also labelled by the same procedure.
Perdeuterobenzene
Authors: Russell Richard A. , Warrener Ronald N. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract2‐Aminobenzoic acid‐3, 4, 5, 6‐2H4 was prepared from the protic acid by a platinium catalysed exchange reaction in deuterium oxide. The deuterated acid provided a source of perdeuterobenzyne which was trapped with selected dienes.