bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormonal changes related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic women
Authors: Dumoulin Sonia C , de Glisezinski Isabelle , Saint-Martin Françoise , Jamrozik Sylvie I , Barbe Pierre , Thouvenot Jean-Paul , Plantavid Monique M , Bennet Antoine P , Louvet Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Dumoulin SC, de Glisezinski I, Saint-Martin F, Jamrozik SI, Barbe P, Thouvenot J-P, Plantavid MM. Bennet AP, Louvet J-P Hormonal changes related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic women. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:328–34. ISSN 0804–4643
The aim of this study was to determine those hormonal alterations in the gonadotropin-ovarian axis that are related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic patients. We studied 74 oligomenorrheic women aged 26.2 ± 0.8 years, divided into group IA (N = 13) with eating disorders, group IB (N = 61) without eating disorders and 18 normally cycling controls aged 29.2 ± 1.6 years (group II). No subject had ovarian failure, pituitary disease, thyroid dysfunction or was taking any drug. Blood samples were taken on days 3–6 after the last menses. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in two plasma pools, each made up of three samples taken at 30-min intervals, starting at 15.00 h (LH-1 5 h) and 09.00 h (LH-9 h), which allowed the mean LH (mLH) and variability in LH (V-LH: percentage increase from the lower to the higher of the two LH values) to be calculated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex steroids, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated LH (sLH) and -FSH (sFSH) were also evaluated. Eating behavior was evaluated with the EAT questionnaire; the EAT 26 score, the dieting score (DS) and bulimia score (BS) were calculated. Dietary intake was evaluated in 35 group IB patients based on food diaries analyzed with the REGAL program, to evaluate daily calorie intake (Cal) and calories provided by carbohydrates (Carb), lipids (Lip) and proteins (Prot). Comparisons between groups were done by analysis of variance (followed by the Fisher PLSD test) and the KruskalWallis test. Groups IA. IB and II did not differ regarding age, body mass index, LH-9 h, LH-15 h, mLH, FSH, sLH, sFSH, estradiol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; group IA had a higher V-LH than group II (p < 0.02) and a higher testosterone level than groups IB and II (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between V-LH and DS (p < 0.01) and BS (p < 0.05), and between testosterone and BS (p < 0.02) and DS (p < 0.05). The V-LH was negatively correlated with Cal and Carb, and testosterone was positively correlated with Cal and Lip. In patients referred for oligomenorrhea, it is concluded that testosterone levels and variability of LH levels are related to eating behavior.
Antoine P Bennet, Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, 31059 Toulouse-Cedex, France
Role of progesterone deficiency in the development of luteinizing hormone and androgen abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Fiad Tarek M , Cunningham Sean K , McKenna T Joseph 
Published: December 2008

Fiad TM, Cunningham SK, McKenna TJ. Role of progesterone deficiency in the development of luteinizing hormone and androgen abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:335–9. ISSN 0804–4643
The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown. It is uniquely characterized by oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea associated with normal or high oestrogen levels. This prospective clinical study was designed to examine the possible role of the lack of cyclical exposure to progesterone in the development of gonadotrophin and androgen abnormalities in PCOS. Gonadotrophin, androgen and oestrogen levels were measured in 15 PCOS patients and 10 normal subjects untreated and following treatment with the progestogen medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). When compared to control subjects, PCOS patients had significantly higher luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse height, pulse amplitude, integrated LH levels, LH response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH/FSH ratio; LH pulse frequency was similar in the two groups. In addition, the testosterone/sex hormone binding globulin ratio (T/SHBG), androstenedione and oestrone concentrations in the plasma were significantly higher in PCOS than in control subjects. When PCOS patients were treated with MPA for 5 days, there were significant decreases (p < 0.02–0.001) to values no longer different from normal: from 8.7 ± 1.2 to 5.6 ± 0.8 IU/l for integrated LH levels (untreated and MPA-treated PCOS); from 31.2 ±3.5 to 12.9 ±1.5 IU/l for LH response to GnRH; from 2.4 ± 0.26 to 1.3 ± 0.2 for LH/FSH ratio; and from 10.4 ± 0.63 to 8.5 ± for androstenedione. Significant decreases (p < 0.05–0.005) to values that still remained significantly higher than in normal subjects occurred for: LH pulse height, 11.05 ± 1.3 to 6.88 ± 0.79 IU/l (untreated and MPA-treated PCOS); LH pulse amplitude, 2.8 ± 0.5 to 1.8 ± 0.2 IU/l; total testosterone, 2.5 ± 0.2 to 2.0± 0.2 nmol/l; T/SHBG ratio, 14.1 ± 1.7 to 11 ± 1.5; and oestrone, 265 ± 24 to 208 ± 29 pmol/l. These results are consistent with the concept that ovulation failure and progesterone deficiency play a facilitatory role in the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary abnormality giving rise to disordered LH secretion in PCOS.
TJ McKenna. Department of Investigative Endocrinology. St Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park. Dublin 4, Ireland
Immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors
Authors: Totsune Kazuhito , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Murakami Osamu , Satoh Fumitoshi , Sone Masahiko , Ohneda Makoto , Miura Yukio , Mouri Toraichi 
Published: December 2008

Totsune K, Takahashi K, Murakami O, Satoh F, Sone M, Ohneda M. Miura Y. Mouri T. Immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:352–6. ISSN 0804–4643
The presence of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in tissues of human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors was investigated by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive BNP concentrations were 0.203 ± 0.061 pmol/g wet tissue (mean ± sem) in normal parts of adrenal glands (cortex and medulla. N = 8), 0.205 ± 0.037 pmol/g wet tissue in pheochromocytomas (N = 8), 0.230 ± 0.062 pmol/g wet tissue in aldosteronomas (N = 11) and 0.180 ± 0.054 pmol/g wet tissue in adrenocortical adenomas with Cushing's syndrome (N = 4). Sephadex G-50 superfine column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography showed that most (> 70%) of the immunoreactive BNP in the normal part of adrenal glands was eluted in the position of human BNP-32. Sephadex G-50 superfine column chromatography of immunoreactive BNP in the pheochromocytoma and aldosteronoma showed four peaks: one in the position ofγ-BNP, one in the position of BNP-32, one between γ-BNP and BNP-32 and one in the smaller molecular weight region. The present study has shown that immunoreactive BNP is present both in normal human adrenal glands and in adrenal tumors. Multiple molecular forms of BNP were found to be present in the tumor tissues of pheochromocytoma and aldosteronoma.
Kazuhiro Takahashi. Department of Applied Physiology and Molecular Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku. Sendai 980–77, Japan
In-frame exon 2 deletion in insulin receptor RNA in a family with extreme insulin resistance in association with defective insulin binding: a case report
Authors: Moritz Wolfgang , Böni-Schnetzler Marianne , Stevens Wayne , Froesch E Rudolf , Levy James R 
Published: December 2008

Moritz W, Böni-Schnetzler M, Stevens W, Froesch ER, Levy JR. In-frame exon 2 deletion in insulin receptor RNA in a family with extreme insulin resistance in association with defective insulin binding. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:357–63. ISSN 0804–4643
The phenotype and allelic expression of the insulin receptor gene is presented in a family with a patient with type A insulin resistance. Compared to controls, insulin receptor binding in transformed lymphocytes was 100%, 33% and 13% in the father, mother and proband, respectively. Reduced insulin receptor binding co-segregated with altered insulin receptor mRNA expression; the mother and daughter expressed eight insulin receptor mRNA species, including a set of four normal sized and a set of four shorter mRNA transcripts. In the proband the levels of the normal sized mRNA transcripts were suppressed relative to the shorter transcripts. Reverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the shorter transcripts contained an in-frame deletion of exon 2. Sequencing of the entire insulin receptor coding region revealed a paternally inherited A to T substitution in nucleotide 3205, converting isoleucine 996 to phenylalanine. which does not co-segregate with reduced binding. Therefore, we hypothesize that two findings are necessary for the presentation of type A insulin resistance in this patient: an in-frame deletion of the insulin receptor exon 2 that codes for amino acids crucial for insulin binding; and an inhibition of expression of the paternal insulin receptor allele.
Marianne Böni-Schnetzler, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Gender-specific changes in thyroid hormone-glucuronidating enzymes in rat liver during short-term fasting and long-term food restriction
Authors: Visser Theo J , van Haasteren Goedele AC , Linkels Esther , Kaptein Ellen , van Toor Hans , de Greef Wim J 
Published: December 2008

Visser TJ, van Haasteren GAC, Linkels E, Kaptein E, van Toor H, de Greef WJ. Gender-specific changes in thyroid hormone-glucuronidating enzymes in rat liver during short-term fasting and long-term food restriction. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:489–97. ISSN 0804–4643
Glucuronidation is a major pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism in rats, involving at least three different hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs): bilirubin UGT, phenol UGT and androsterone UGT. We have studied the effects of short-term (3 days) fasting and long-term (3 weeks) food restriction to one-third of normal intake (FR3 3) on hepatic UGT activities for thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), bilirubin and androsterone in male and female Wistar rats with either a functional (high activity, HA) or a defective (low activity, LA) androsterone UGT gene. Because food deprivation is known to induce centrally mediated hypothyroidism in rats, results were compared with those obtained in methimazole (MMI)-induced hypothyroid rats. Both fasting and FR33 produced largely parallel increases in T4 and bilirubin UGT activities. These effects were greater in males than in females, and were reproduced in MMI-treated rats. In male and female HA rats, fasting induced insignificant increases in T3 UGT activity and had no effect on androsterone UGT activity. In male HA rats, FR33 was associated with an increase in T3 UGT activity, while androsterone UGT activity showed little change. However, in female HA rats both T3 and androsterone UGT activities were markedly decreased by FR33. Triiodothyronine UGT activity in LA rats was strongly decreased compared with HA rats, but was not further decreased by FR3 3 in female LA rats, supporting the importance of androsterone UGT for T3 glucuronidation. These results demonstrate different sex-dependent effects of food deprivation on hepatic T4 and T3 glucuronidation that are associated with changes in the expression of bilirubin UGT and androsterone UGT, respectively. For the increased T4 and bilirubin UGT activities at least, these effects appear to be mediated by the hypothyroid state of the (semi)starved animals.
Theo J Visser, Department of Internal Medicine III, Erasmus University Medical School, PO Box 1738, Room Bd 234, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Autocrine and paracrine roles of polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and vasogenic substances in normal and tumorous pituitary function and growth: a review
Authors: Renner Ulrich , Pagotto Uberto , Arzt Eduardo , Stalla Günter Karl 
Published: December 2008

Renner U, Pagotto U, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Autocrine and paracrine roles of polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and vasogenic substances in normal and tumorous pituitary function and growth: a review. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:515–32. ISSN 0804–4643
In addition to the classical hormones, the production of numerous polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, vasogenic substances and neuropeptides by pituitary cells has been demonstrated. Expression of the corresponding receptors on pituitary cells enables these factors to influence growth and function of the pituitary by auto- or paracrine mechanisms. Thus, in addition to the external endocrine control of pituitary growth and function, an intrinsic intercellular communication network seems to be involved in the control of pituitary homeostasis. The cell-to-cell communication may be of importance for the pre- and postnatal differentiation of the pituitary, for the regulation of the cellular composition of the gland (by balancing mitosis and apoptosis and controlling angiogenesis) and for the adaption of pituitary function to altered physiological conditions (i.e. stress, pregnancy and diseases). Differences in the expression of or the response to the above-mentioned factors in pituitary adenomas indicate that these substances are of importance for pituitary tumorigenesis. Disturbances of auto-/paracrine mechanisms may not necessarily be involved in the tumor initiation processes, but they may play a crucial role in tumor progression. After the initial transformation, the clonal expansion of the tumor cell is dependent on its ability to escape either from the inhibitory action of growth suppressing factors or to develop an autocrine mechanism that allows autonomous growth. In summary, therefore, this review outlines the potential role of polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and vasogenic peptides as auto-/paracrine-acting substances in normal pituitary and pituitary adenomas.
Ulrich Renner, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Department of Endocrinology, Kraepelinstr. 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
Chronic treatment with CV 205-502 restores the gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males
Authors: Colao Annamaria , De Rosa Michele , Sarnacchiaro Francesca , Di Sarno Antonella , Landi Maria Luisa , Iervolino Emilia , Zarrilli Stefano , Merola Bartolomeo , Lombardi Gaetano 
Published: December 2008

Colao A, De Rosa M, Sarnacchiaro F, Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Iervolino E, Zarrilli S, Merola B, Lombardi G. Chronic treatment with CV 205-502 restores the gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:548–52. ISSN 0804–4643
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a chronic treatment with the non-ergot-derived dopamine agonist quinagolide (CV 205-502) on sexual and gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males. Thirteen males with macroprolactinoma and one with microprolactinoma were treated with CV 205-502 at the dose of 0.15–0.6 mg/day for 6–24 months. Baseline prolactin (PRL) was 464 ± 75.7 μg/l. All the patients suffered from libido impairment, five of reduced sexual potency, six had infertility and in four bilateral induced galactorrhea was shown. The semen analysis revealed a severe oligoasthenospermia with reduced sperm count, motility and forward progression, with an abnormal morphology and decreased viability. A significant reduction of serum PRL levels (nadir PRL = 12.3 ± 5.4 μg/l) was obtained during the treatment. Normalization of prolactinemia was reached in 13 of the 14 patients after 3 months. After 1 year, a significant improvement of sperm parameters, in terms of increase of number (from 5600 ± 111 to 20 564 ± 587 mm3), motility at 1 h (from 24.8 ± 0.1 to 52.6 ± 0.5%), forward progression (from 24 ± 1.4 to 62.3 ± 2.9%) and normal morphology (from 53.8 ± 2.5 to 62.2 ± 2.4%), was recorded. In addition, a significant increase of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (from 5.3 ± 0.6 to 7.8 ± 0.4 U/l), luteinizing hormone (from 4.4 ± 0.5 to 7.7 ± 0.4 U/l) and testosterone (from 3.4 ± 0.4 to 4.7 ± 0.2 μg/l) was recorded. A significant increase of luteinizing hormone (9.4 ± 0.7 U/l) and testosterone (5.2 ± 0.4 μg/l), as well as a further improvement of sperm parameters, was found after 2 years of therapy. Sellar computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance showed a considerable shrinkage (⩾ 30%) of tumoral mass in 8 out of 13 patients with macroprolacinoma. Side effects were recorded in only one patient. In conclusion, the treatment with CV 205-502 normalizing PRL levels improves gonadal and sexual function and fertility in males with prolactinoma, providing good tolerability and excellent patient compliance to medical treatment. This result demonstrates that the impairment of gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic patients is a functional modification.
Annamaria Colao, Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, "Federico II" University, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Effects of four years' treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) on body composition in GH-deficient hypopituitary adults
Authors: AI-Shoumer Kamal AS , Page Brian , Thomas Elizabeth , Murphy Margaret , Beshyah Salem A , Johnston Desmond G 
Published: December 2008

Al-Shoumer KAS, Page B, Thomas E, Murphy M, Beshyah SA, Johnston DG. Effects of four years' treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) on body composition in GH-deficient hypopituitary adults. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:559–67. ISSN 0804–4643
Short-term trials of growth hormone (GH) substitution in hypopituitary adults have shown beneficial effects on body composition. To evaluate the long-term effects on body composition, we followed thirteen GH-deficient adults (GH < 6 mU/l following standard provocative tests) for 4 years of GH replacement. At yearly intervals, serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist, waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) and resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were determined, and body composition was assessed using three independent methods: total body potassium (TBK), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Compared to baseline, IGF-I levels increased significantly at 1 (p = 0.0001), 2 (p = 0.0004), 3 (p = 0.006) and 4 years (p = 0.002). Body weight and BMI changed minimally at 1, 2 and 3 years and increased significantly only at the fourth year (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0009, respectively) of GH therapy. Waist and WHR decreased significantly at 1, 2 and 4 years (waist: p = 0.0009, p = 0.0004, p = 0.049; WHR: p = 0.0025, p = 0.012, p = 0.047, respectively). Neither resting SBP nor DBP changed significantly. Fat-free mass (FFM) derived from TBK and BIA increased significantly at 1 (p = 0.004; p = 0.004), 2 (p = 0.003; p = 0.05), 3 (p = 0.005; p = 0.04) and 4 years (p = 0.02; p = 0.002). Using DXA, the increase in FFM was significant at 1 (p = 0.007) and 2 years (p = 0.008) but not at 3 and 4 years. Percentage body fat measured by TBK, BIA and DXA decreased significantly at 1 (p = 0.008; p = 0.003; p = 0.03), 2 (p = 0.018; p = 0.06; p = 0.049) and 4 years (p = 0.03; p = 0.002; p = 0.04). A rise in total body water, calculated from BIA, was observed at 1 year (p = 0.004) and was maintained throughout the treatment period. These data demonstrate that 4 years of GH treatment in hypopituitary adults is associated with sustained improvement in body composition.
Kamal AS Al-Shoumer, Unit of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
22-kD Growth hormone exclusion assay: a new approach to measurement of non-22-kD growth hormone isoforms in human blood
Authors: Boguszewski Cesar L , Hynsjö Lars , Johannsson Gudmundur , Bengtsson Bengt-Åke , Carlsson Lena MS 
Published: December 2008

Boguszewski CL, Hynsjö L, Johansson G, Bengtsson B-Å, Carlsson LMS. 22-kD Growth hormone exclusion assay: a new approach to measurement of non-22-kD growth hormone isoforms in human blood. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:573–82. ISSN 0804–4643
Human growth hormone (GH) exists in a variety of isoforms. In the pituitary, the most abundant isoform is 22-kD GH (22 K GH), while other isoforms (non-22 K GH) are present in variable amounts. In human plasma, the GH heterogeneity contributes to the wide variability in GH levels measured by different immunoassays. The physiological role of the non-22 K GH isoforms is poorly understood, but they may represent a spectrum of agonists or antagonists of the GH receptor. It is possible that increased amounts of non-22 K GH isoforms in the circulation contribute to the growth failure observed in some short children and may be involved in the pathophysiology of acromegaly and other unrelated diseases. Currently, there is no method available to evaluate the ratio of non-22 K GH isoforms to total GH in large sets of serum samples. In this report, a novel assay procedure is described in which monomeric and dimeric isoforms of 22 K GH are removed from serum and non-22 K GH isoforms are quantitated. The 22 K GH exclusion assay (22 K GHEA) was established as a screening method to identify conditions in which the ratio of non-22 K GH isoforms to total GH in human blood is altered. A 22 K GH-speciflc monoclonal antibody (MCB) is used for binding to 22 K GH in serum. Magnetic beads coated with rat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G and a magnetic device are used to remove the 22 K GH-MCB complexes from serum. The non-22 K GH isoforms are measured by a polyclonal antibody-based immunoradiometric assay (GH-IRMA). The assay procedure was optimized systematically by statistical experimental designs. In serum spiked with monomeric or dimeric 22 K GH, the 22 K GH extraction was efficient at GH levels up to 100 μg/l (range 96.3–100%). The intra- and interassay precision for non-22 K GH levels of 3.9 μg/l were 2.6% and 8.7%, respectively, while for levels of 0.6 μg/l, which were very close to the detection limits of the assay, the coefficients were 17.0% and 21.6%, respectively. The percentage of non-22 K GH isoforms determined in serum samples from three different groups of subjects showed clearly distinctive values. The 22 K GHEA is a new method for evaluation of non-22 K GH isoforms in human blood under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Cesar L Boguszewski, RCEM, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket, 16 S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden