bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Japan
Authors: Oshika Tetsuro , Hatano Hiroshi , Kuwayama Yasuaki , Ogura Yuichiro , Ohashi Yuichi , Oki Kotaro , Uno Toshihiko , Usui Norio , Yoshitomi Fumiaki 
Published: May 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To estimate the incidence rate of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed by Japanese surgeons.Methods:  A sample of 20% of members of the Japanese Society of Ophthalmic Surgeons was randomly selected. Each member was sent a postal survey asking for information on the number of cataract surgeries performed in 2003 and the number of postsurgery cases of endophthalmitis.Results:  Replies were received from 78.7% (513/652) of survey recipients. The total number of cataract surgeries was 100 539, among which 52 cases of endophthalmitis occurred, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 0.052%. Incidence rates were 0.049% (38/78 170) for scleral incision phacoemulsification and 0.043% (9/20 894) for clear corneal incision phacoemulsification, with no significant difference between groups. The average annual volumes of surgery were 210 and 280 cases for surgeons who preferred scleral incision and clear corneal incision, respectively. There was a significant difference between volumes (Student's t‐test, p < 0.01). The incidence of endophthalmitis was significantly lower with high‐volume (> 300 cases/year) surgeons than with low‐volume (≤ 300 cases/year) surgeons (0.040% versus 0.066%, chi‐square test, p < 0.05).Conclusions:  The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Japan as estimated by a postal survey was low (0.052%) and consistent with rates reported previously. Surgeons who preferred clear corneal incision performed significantly more surgeries annually, but the incidence of endophthalmitis was similar between scleral and clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery.
Foot shock stress prolongs the telogen stage of the spontaneous hair cycle in a non‐depilated mouse model
Authors: Katayama Mirei , Aoki Eri , Suzuki Hidenori , Kawana Seiji 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:  Background:  There is an increasing evidence to indicate that stress can influence skin disease and cutaneous functions. Previous studies have shown that stress alters the murine hair cycle; however, these studies have been carried out by using mouse models in which the hair cycle is forcibly synchronized after depilation.Objective:  To examine whether foot shock stress (FS) changes the spontaneous hair cycle in a non‐depilated animal model, and to evaluate the role of mast cells and substance P (SP) in the influence of stress on the hair cycle.Methods:  Changes in the spontaneous hair cycle and the inhibitory effects of a specific SP NK1 receptor antagonist were examined in non‐depilated mice during 3–4 weeks of FS.Results:  Foot shock stress prolonged the telogen stage of the hair cycle and delayed the induction of the subsequent anagen stage in the animal model. FS caused an increase in the ratio of de‐granulated mast cells in the skin, an increase in the number of TUNEL‐positive cells, and a decrease in the number of Ki67‐positive cells. The NK1 receptor antagonist, WIN 62577, inhibited these stress responses.Conclusion:  Our results strongly support previous work, demonstrating that stress alters active hair‐cycling in vivo through the action of SP.
The association between endothelin‐1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to vitiligo in a Korean population
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jin , Choi Chun‐Pill , Uhm Yoon Kyung , Kim Young Il , Lee Jin‐Woo , Yoon Seo Hyun , Chung Joo‐Ho , Lee Mu‐Hyoung 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:  Background:  Vitiligo is a skin disorder affected by genetic, environmental, local and endocrine factors. Endothelin‐1, which is expressed by keratinocytes, has paracrine effects on melanocytes, influencing their homeostasis, proliferation and pigmentation. It is thought to play a role in the skin response to 311‐nm, narrow‐band ultraviolet irradiation.Objective:  To investigate the association of endothelin‐1 gene (EDN1) polymorphisms with vitiligo in a Korean population.Methods:  To evaluate the expression of endothelin‐1 in cultured human keratinocytes after irradiation with narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NBUVB), we performed RT‐PCR and ELISA. In addition, we genotyped 312 vitiligo patients and 313 matched‐healthy controls, and compared the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of EDN1 polymorphisms (intron 4 G/A, rs2071942 and exon 5 G/T, rs5370) between the two groups, using PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. The effects of sex, onset age, the presence of autoimmune diseases, family history and clinical type were analysed statistically.Results:  NBUVB induced the expression of endothelin‐1 in cultured human keratinocytes. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of EDN1 polymorphisms did not differ significantly between vitiligo patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the results were not related to sex, onset age, the presence of autoimmune diseases or family history. Interestingly, the haplotype frequencies of EDN1 polymorphisms differed significantly between vitiligo patients and healthy controls. When analysed according to clinical type, the haplotype frequencies in the focal and segmental clinical types differed significantly from healthy controls.Conclusion:  This study suggests that EDN1 is related to the development of vitiligo in the Korean population.
Inhibitory effect of cranberry polyphenol on biofilm formation and cysteine proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Yamanaka A. , Kouchi T. , Kasai K. , Kato T. , Ishihara K. , Okuda K. 
Published: May 2007

Background and Objective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cranberry polyphenol fraction on biofilm formation and activities of Arg‐gingipain and Lys‐gingipain in Porphyromonas gingivalis.Material and Methods:  The polyphenol fraction was prepared by using a glass column packed with Amberlite XAD 7HP and 70% aqueous ethanol as an elution solvent.Results:  Synergistic biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly inhibited by the polyphenol fraction at a concentration of 250 µg/mL compared with untreated controls (p < 0.01). Arg‐gingipain and Lys‐gingipain activities in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and FDC 381 were inhibited significantly at a polyphenol fraction concentration of ≥ 1 µg/mL (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  These findings indicate that the polyphenol fraction inhibits biofilm formation and the Arg‐gingipain and Lys‐gingipain activities of P. gingivalis.
Focal adhesion kinase mediates human leukocyte histocompatibility antigen class II‐induced signaling in gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Yoshizawa S. , Meguro M. , Ohyama H. , Takeuchi‐Hatanaka K. , Matsushita S. , Takashiba S. , Nishimura F. 
Published: May 2007

Background and Objective:  The role of human leukocyte antigen class II molecules on nonantigen‐presenting cells has been a matter of controversy. We previously reported that human leukocyte antigen class II molecules on human gingival fibroblasts do not present antigens, but transduce signals into the cells by making a complex with antigenic peptide T‐cell receptor or by stimulating cell surface human leukocyte antigen‐DR molecules with human leukocyte antigen‐DR antibody (L243), which mimics the formation of the human leukocyte antigen class II–antigenic peptide T‐cell receptor complex, resulting in the expression of several cytokines. The aim of this study was to detect human leukocyte antigen class II‐associated molecules mediating human leukocyte antigen class II‐induced signals into the cells.Material and Methods:  Antibody‐based protein‐microarray analysis was performed to detect activated signaling molecules in gingival fibroblasts stimulated via human leukocyte antigen class II molecules. Then, we examined if these molecules structurally associate with human leukocyte antigen class II and actually transduce signals into the cells.Results:  Stimulation of human leukocyte antigen class II on gingival fibroblasts by L243 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Focal adhesion kinase was co‐immunoprecipitated with human leukocyte antigen‐DR by L243. Stimulation of gingival fibroblasts with L243 induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Luteolin, a putative focal adhesion kinase inhibitor, suppressed phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and dose dependently inhibited human leukocyte antigen class II‐induced cytokine production.Conclusion:  Focal adhesion kinase is structurally associated with human leukocyte antigen‐DR and mediates human leukocyte antigen class II‐induced signals in gingival fibroblasts.
Gingival fibroblasts grown from cyclosporin‐treated patients show a reduced production of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) compared with normal gingival fibroblasts, and cyclosporin down‐regulates the production of MMP‐1 stimulated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Sukkar T. Z. , Thomason J. M. , Cawston T. E. , Lakey R. , Jones D. , Catterall J. , Seymour R. A. 
Published: May 2007

Background and Objective:  Cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth arises from an alteration in collagen homeostasis and is enhanced by inflammatory changes in the gingival tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction among interleukin‐1, oncostatin M, cyclosporin and nifedipine in promoting the up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase by gingival fibroblasts.Material and Methods:  Fibroblast cultures (n = 5) were obtained from healthy controls and from patients with cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth, and cells were harvested between the fourth and ninth passages. Cells were stimulated with interleukin‐1 and oncostatin M, alone or in combination, and with different concentrations of cyclosporin (0–2000 ng/mL) and nifedipine (0–200 ng/mL). MMP‐1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 production was determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique. A CyQuant cell proliferation assay was used to determine the DNA concentration in the sample.Results:  Fibroblasts obtained from patients with cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth produced significantly lower levels of MMP‐1 than control fibroblasts (p < 0.001); tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the ratio of MMP‐1 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 was reduced, in the conditioned medium of patients with cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth compared with controls. Interleukin‐1 and oncostatin M produced a significant increase in the up‐regulation of MMP‐1, which was reversed when cyclosporin and nifedipine were added to the cell cultures (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Pro‐inflammatory cytokines significantly up‐regulate MMP‐1 in cultured gingival fibroblasts. Up‐regulation is attenuated by both cyclosporin and nifedipine. The interaction may account for the synergism between inflammation and cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Repeated Spontaneous Abortion. Cooperative Effects of ADA and ACP1 Genetic Polymorphisms
Authors: Nicotra M. , Bottini N. , La Torre M. , Amante A. , Bottini E. , Gloria‐Bottini F. 
Published: May 2007

ProblemIn consideration of the effect of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and ACP1 (a low‐molecular‐weight protein tyrosine phosphatase) on T‐cell receptor activity, we have analysed the joint distribution of these polymorphisms in a sample of women with primary repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA) to search for possible interactive effects on susceptibility to RSA.Method of studyACP1 and ADA phenotypes were determined in 170 women with primary RSA in 79 healthy consecutive puerperae and in 160 female newborns from the Caucasian population of Rome and in 357 healthy consecutive puerperae from the Caucasian population of Penne. Chi‐square test of independence and three way contingency table analysis by a log‐linear model were performed.ResultsWomen with low‐ADA activity and high‐ACP1 activity show the lowest susceptibility to RSA. Women with high‐ADA activity and low‐ACP1 activity, on the contrary, show the highest susceptibility to RSA and also the highest incidence of auto antibodies and of A blood group incompatibility.ConclusionThe data are in agreement with those expected on the basis of the effects of ACP1 and ADA genetic variability on T‐cell receptor activity and suggest a cooperative effect of the two polymorphic systems in the susceptibility/resistance to repeated spontaneous abortion.
Comparison of manual versus sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes: a review
Authors: Costa MR , Marcantonio RAC , Cirelli JA 
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Purpose: This review of the literature intends to evaluate the effect of brushes with high frequency motion when compared with manual toothbrushes regarding the indices of plaque and gingival bleeding. Methods: Patients presenting gingivitis and/or chronic periodontitis were evaluated in addition to patients having osseointegrated implants and fixed orthodontic appliances. Pertinent literature was reviewed to select articles according to previously defined inclusion criteria. Results: In the assessed studies results showed significant decreases in plaque and gingival indices by utilization of both types of brushes. However, in the selected studies where sonic brushes were tested in orthodontic and dental implant patients there was a more significant decrease in the indices. Furthermore, there was no indication of gingival recession attributed to product use. Conclusion: Future studies with a more homogeneous methodology and better experiment designs will be needed.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the German Version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): A Comparison of Four Models
Authors: Kriston Levente , Günzler Cindy , Harms Anja , Berner Michael 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is the most widely used instrument to assess erectile function in research and clinical practice. However, there are heterogeneous results concerning the factor structure of this questionnaire. The original model assumes five factors (erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction). Others suggested four factors (composite domain of erectile dysfunction and intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction) or only two factors (sexual function and sexual desire). Because of the high intercorrelation between the different domains, a one-factor model is also plausible.

Aims
This study assesses and compares these four models of the German version of the IIEF.

Methods
It was examined which of the models fit best our data from 261 German men in cardiovascular rehabilitation participating in the SPARK study (Sexuality of Patients in the Rehabilitation of Cardiovascular Diseases). Contrary to the former exploratory studies, we used confirmatory factor analysis.

Main Outcome Measures
Local and global goodness-of-fit measures were calculated.

Results
The results show that two items (ability to maintain erection and intercourse frequency) could not be represented sufficiently through any of the four models. Based on the global goodness-of-fit indexes, our data proved to be fairly congruent with the original five-factor model and were acceptably represented by a four-factor model as well.

Conclusions
The original five-factor structure could be confirmed. Due to high intercorrelations, the different domains cannot optimally be discriminated and should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to clarify the association between the domains of male sexual function.
Effects of Aloe vera on colonic anastomoses of rats
Authors: İnan Aydın , Şen Meral , Koca Cemile , Ergin Metin , Dener Cenap 
Published: May 2007

Background:  Aloe vera is a cactus‐like plant that grows in hot, dry regions. Aloe vera has been known and used in traditional medicine and also in the modern world. Aloe vera has some pharmacological actions including wound healing, anti‐inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects. We have studied the possible effects of Aloe vera gel on the healing of colonic anastomoses of rats.Material and Methods:  In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Aloe vera group received 2 mL/kg per day Aloe vera, and the control group received the same amount of water. Animals underwent resection and anastomosis of the distal colon. Bursting pressures of anastomoses and hydroxyproline contents of perianastomotic region were determined on the third and seventh days. Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels between groups.Results:  There was no difference between groups in mortality. Mean bursting pressures and mean hydroxyproline levels were lower in the control group than in the Aloe vera group both on the third and seventh days.Conclusion:  Aloe vera has multiple pharmacologically active compounds. It stimulates phagocyte formation and its activity induces nitric oxide production, it has angiogenic activity, increases synthesis, maturation and cross‐linking of collagen, stimulates cell proliferation, stimulates fibroblast functions and proliferation, inhibits arachidonic acid oxidation, has anti‐inflammatory effects, reduces tumour necrosis factor‐α levels, and has antioxidant activity. Thus, according to our findings, Aloe vera has positive effects on the colonic anastomotic healing of rats.
Omental torsion in adults: A clinical twister
Authors: Sammour Khalil Y. , Abburu Rao S. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: May 2007

Background:  Omental torsion is usually diagnosed intraoperatively and resected. Recent literature supports conservative management after diagnosis of omental torsion using radiological imaging. We present the experience of a single institution.Methods:  Retrospective review of clinical, laboratory, radiological and operative data were collected from patient case notes.Results:  Six patients were identified as cases of omental torsion between January 2003 and May 2005. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in all patients. The abnormality was described in two patients as vaguely defined focal hyperdense mass‐like lesion in the hypochondrium and right iliac fossa. In another two patients, localized small fluid collections were noted. The remaining two studies were reported as normal. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen performed in five patients accurately identified the abnormality as an ill‐defined, relatively hyperdense fatty mass with a typical whorled appearance centred on engorged blood vessels. Four patients underwent surgery and two were successfully managed conservatively.Conclusion:  Awareness and careful evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings, coupled with ultrasound and/or computed tomography studies of the abdomen, can make a reliable diagnosis of omental torsion, affording the option of conservative management in some cases.
Pattern and factors affecting management outcome of neonatal emergency surgery in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Sowande Oludayo A. , Ogundoyin Olakayode O. , Adejuyigbe Olusanya 
Published: May 2007

Objective:  To determine the pattern and various factors that can affect the outcome of emergency surgical management of the neonate in a developing country.Methods:  A retrospective study of all neonates who had emergency surgery over a 10‐year period at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile‐Ife, Nigeria.Results:  There were 72 males and 38 females. The age at presentation ranged between 2 h to 30 days (mean ± SD: 6.62 ± 7.14 days). The weight at presentation was 1.3 to 3.9 kg (mean ± SD: 2.62 ± 0.53 kg). The mean birthweight of the survivors (mean ± SD: 2.84 ± 0.44 kg) was significantly higher than those that died (mean ± SD: 2.26 ± 0.49 kg) (P < 0.01). The mean interval to surgery from onset of symptoms in the survivors (mean ± SD: 42.720 ± 41.769 h) compared well to those that died (mean ± SD: 51.85 ± 65.52 h) (P = 0.424). The admission weight, duration of operation, level of gastrointestinal obstruction and type of operation significantly influenced the outcome. Closure of ruptured exomphalos, thoracostomy with oesophageal anastomosis, and intestinal resection with anastomosis are associated with high mortality. Sepsis/septicaemia was the commonest postoperative complications accounting for 16 deaths. Overall, there were 59 deaths (53.6%).Conclusion:  The morbidity and mortality following emergency surgical management of the neonate is still very high in this environment. Lower admission weight, long duration of operation, type of operation performed and presence of upper gastrointestinal obstruction are significantly associated with increased neonatal surgical mortality in our hospital
Simultaneous laparoscopic abdominal and transanal excision for low rectal tumours
Authors: Wong Dennis Chung‐Tak , Chung Chi‐Chiu , Cheung Hester Yui‐Shan , Wong James Cheuk‐Hoo , Yau Kwok‐Kay , Li Michael Ka‐Wah 
Published: May 2007

Aim:  In performing laparoscopic sphincter‐preserving total mesorectal excision, one of the technical challenges is to obtain an adequate distal mural margin of 2 cm in the case of low rectal tumours. Herein we describe a technique, known as simultaneous laparoscopic abdominal and transanal excision, where an adequate distal margin can be safely achieved at the beginning of the operation.Methods and Results:  As the specimen is delivered per anum, the patient can enjoy the full benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Additionally, the simultaneous approach helps to shorten the operating time. The technique was attempted in five patients with radiological T2 or T3 disease, with two patients having received neoadjuvant chemoirradiation. The outcomes of these five patients are presented.Conclusion:  As treatment of rectal cancer is increasingly stage dependent, the simultaneous laparoscopic abdominal and transanal excision procedure offers a clear alternative for treating patients with low rectal tumours in this laparoscopic era.
1 ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION AFTER CURATIVE RECTAL CANCER SURGERY
Authors: Hon S.S.F. , Leung W.W. , Ng S.S.M. , Lee J.F.Y. 
Published: May 2007

Aim:  Small bowel obstruction (SBO) as a complication is not uncommon after curative rectal cancer surgery; adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) may have a contributory role. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors for this complication.Methods:  The medical records of 260 consecutive patients with rectal cancer (excluding rectosigmoid cancer) who underwent curative surgery at our institution between January 1995 and December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the prevalence of SBO requiring hospitalization and intervention. Possible risk factors for SBO were recorded and analysed using univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:  The median duration of follow up was 76.1 months (range, 3.3–141.8 months). Forty‐four patients (16.9%) developed SBO and 19 of them required surgical intervention. Three patients (6.8%) died as a consequence of SBO. Seventy‐eight patients (30%) received adjuvant RT with a median dose of 50 Gy (range 30–64 Gy). Patients receiving RT were more likely to develop SBO (25.6% vs 13.2%, P = 0.014). The median duration between adjuvant RT and the first episode of SBO was 23.5 months (range, 5.7–99.4 months). Multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant RT was the only independent risk factor for SBO (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.17–4.42, P = 0.016). Gender, operative approach (open vs laparoscopic), abdominoperineal resection, perioperative blood transfusion, postoperative intra‐abdominal sepsis, tumour stage, and disease recurrence were not associated with the development of SBO.Conclusion:  Adjuvant RT is the only independent risk factor for SBO after curative surgery for rectal cancer. Patients should be well informed of this potential complication when they are offered adjuvant RT.