bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the 1998 outbreak of leptospirosis in Missouri in humans exposed to infected swine
Authors: Campagnolo Enzo R. , Warwick Marion C. , Marx Harvey L. , Cowart Ross P. , Donnell H. Denny , Bajani Mary D. , Bragg Sandra L. , Esteban J. Emilio , Alt David P. , Tappero Jordan W. , Bolin Carole A. , Ashford David A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the extent of leptospirosis in persons exposed to infected swine, confirm the source of disease, define risk factors for infection, and identify means for preventing additional infections during an outbreak in Missouri in 1998.Design—Cross-sectional study.Sample Population—240 people and 1,700 pigs.Procedure—An epidemiologic investigation was conducted of people exposed to infected pigs from the University of Missouri-Columbia swine herd. The investigation included review of health of the pigs, a crosssectional study of the people handling the pigs, serologic testing of human and porcine sera, and risk-factor analysis for leptospirosis within the human population.Results—Serologic testing of samples collected at the time of the investigation indicated that 59% of the pigs had titers to leptospires, denoting exposure. Of the 240 people in the exposed study population, 163 (68%) were interviewed, and of these, 110 (67%) submitted a blood sample. Nine (8%) cases of leptospirosis were confirmed by serologic testing. Risk factors associated with leptospirosis included smoking (odds ratio [OR], 14.4; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.39 to 137.74) and drinking beverages (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.04 to 24.30) while working with infected pigs. Washing hands after work was protective (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.81).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Leptospirosis is a risk for swine producers and slaughterhouse workers, and may be prevented through appropriate hygiene, sanitation, and animal husbandry. It is essential to educate people working with animals or animal tissues about measures for reducing the risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:676–682)
Influence of tumor cell proliferation and sex-hormone receptors on effectiveness of radiation therapy for dogs with incompletely resected meningiomas
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Lecouteur Richard A. , Carr Elizabeth A. , Griffey Stephen M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the influence of tumor cell proliferation and sex-hormone receptors on the efficacy of megavoltage irradiation for dogs with incompletely resected meningiomas.Design—Longitudinal clinical trial.Animals—20 dogs with incompletely resected intracranial meningiomas.Procedure—Dogs were treated with 48 Gy of radiation administered 3 times per week on an alternateday schedule of 4 Gy/fraction for 4 weeks, using bilateral parallel-opposed fields.Results—Tumor proliferative fraction measured by immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PFPCNA index) ranged from 10 to 42% (median, 24%). Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity was detected in 70% of tumors. Estrogen receptor immunoreactivity was not detected. An inverse correlation was found between detection of progesterone receptors and the PFPCNA index. The overall 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 68%. The only prognostic factor that significantly affected PFS rate was the PFPCNA index. The 2-year PFS was 42% for tumors with a high PFPCNA index (value ≥ 24%) and 91% for tumors with a low PFPCNA index (value < 24%). Tumors with a high PFPCNA index were 9.1 times as likely to recur as were tumors with a low PFPCNA index.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study confirms the value of irradiation for dogs with incompletely resected meningiomas. Prognostic value of the PFPCNA index suggests that duration of treatment and interval from surgery to start of irradiation may affect outcome. Loss of progesterone receptors in some tumors may be responsible for an increase in PFPCNA index and may indirectly affect prognosis after radiation therapy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216: 701–707)
Abomasal displacement and volvulus in beef cattle: 19 cases (1988–1998)
Authors: Roussel Allen J. , Cohen Noah D. , Hooper R. Neil 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess signalment, history, results of clinical and laboratory testing, and outcome for beef cattle with a left displaced abomasum (LDA), right displaced abomasum (RDA), or abomasal volvulus (AV).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—19 beef cattle with an AV, LDA, or RDA.Procedure—Signalment; history; results of physical examination, diagnostic testing, and surgical exploration; and condition of the animal at discharge were obtained from medical records.Results—Fourteen cattle had an AV, 4 had an RDA, and 1 had an LDA. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 1 to 21 days. Eighteen cattle had an AV or RDA; 7 were Brahmans, 12 were males, and median age was 10 months. Abdominal distention was observed in 11 cattle, heart rate of ≥ 100 beats/minute was detected in 14, and the abomasum was palpable per rectum in all cattle in which per rectal examination was performed. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, hyperglycemia, azotemia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia were common laboratory findings. At surgery, 3 cattle with an AV or RDA had a ruptured abomasum. Of the remaining 15 cattle, 12 survived.Conclusions—Clinical course in beef cattle with an AV or RDA was more protracted than that typically associated with these conditions in dairy cattle, but survival rate in beef cattle that did not have rupture of the abomasum was sim ilar to that of dairy cattle.Clinical Relevance—Abomasal displacement should be considered for beef cattle with abdominal distention. Prognostic indicators recommended for use in dairy cattle may not be useful for beef cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:730–733)
Effects of a synthetic facial pheromone on behavior of cats
Authors: Griffith Cerissa A. , Steigerwald Elizabeth S. , Buffington C. A. Tony 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of a synthetic
feline facial pheromone (FFP) on behavior and food
intake of healthy versus clinically ill cats.

Design—Original study.

Animals—20 cats were used in each of 2 studies. In
each study, 7 cats were considered healthy, and 13
cats were determined to be clinically ill.

Procedure—In study 1, cats were assigned either
to exposure to FFP (treated group; 4 healthy, 6 ill
cats) or to exposure to the vehicle (70% ethanol
solution; control group; 3 healthy, 7 ill cats). Cats
were placed in a cage containing a small cotton
towel that had been sprayed with FFP or vehicle 30
minutes previously. Cats were then videotaped for
125 minutes, and food intake was measured during
this period. Videotapes were scored at 5-minute
intervals for various behaviors. In study 2, cats were
categorized in 1 of 2 groups; group 1 (2 healthy, 8 ill
cats) had a cat carrier placed in their cages, and
group 2 (5 healthy, 5 ill cats) did not. All cats were
exposed to FFP, and 24-hour food intake was measured.

Results—Differences between behaviors of healthy
versus clinically ill cats were not identified. In the first
study, significant increases in grooming and interest
in food were found in cats exposed to FFP compared
with vehicle. For all cats, significant positive correlations
were detected between grooming and facial
rubbing, walking and facial rubbing, interest in food
and facial rubbing, eating and facial rubbing, grooming
and interest in food, and grooming and eating. In
the second study, 24-hour food intake was significantly
greater in cats exposed to FFP and the cat carrier,
compared with cats exposed to FFP alone.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that exposure to FFP may be useful to increase
food intake of hospitalized cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2000;217:1154–1156)
Analysis of risk factors for the development of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses
Authors: Saville William J. , Reed Stephen M. , Morley Paul S. , Granstrom David E. , Kohn Catherine W. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate risk factors for development of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses.Design—Case-control study.Animals—251 horses admitted to The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1992 to 1995.Procedure—On the basis of clinical signs of neurologic disease and detection of antibody toSarcocystis neuronaorS neuronaDNA in cerebrospinal fluid, a diagnosis of EPM was made for 251 horses. Two contemporaneous series of control horses were selected from horses admitted to the hospital. One control series (n = 225) consisted of horses with diseases of the neurologic system other than EPM (neurologic control horses), and the other consisted of 251 horses admitted for reasons other than nervous system diseases (nonneurologic control horses). Data were obtained from hospital records and telephone conversations. Risk factors associated with disease status were analyzed, using multivariable logistic regression.Results—Horses ranged from 1 day to 30 years old (mean ± SD, 5.7 ± 5.2 years). Risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing EPM included age, season of admission, prior diagnosis of EPM on the premises, opossums on premises, health events prior to admission, and racing or showing as a primary use. Factors associated with a reduced risk of developing EPM included protection of feed from wildlife and proximity of a creek or river to the premises where the horse resided.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Development of EPM was associated with a number of management-related factors that can be altered to decrease the risk for the disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1174–1180)
Evaluation of risk factors associated with clinical improvement and survival of horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Authors: Saville William J. , Morley Paul S. , Reed Stephen M. , Granstrom David E. , Kohn Catherine W. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate risk factors for use in predicting clinical improvement and survival of horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).Design—Longitudinal epidemiologic study.Animals—251 horses with EPM.Procedure—Between 1992 and 1995, 251 horses with EPM were admitted to our facility. A diagnosis of EPM was made on the basis of neurologic abnormalities and detection of antibody toSarcocystis neuronaorS neuronaDNA in CSF. Data were obtained from hospital records and through telephone follow-up interviews. Factors associated with clinical improvement and survival were analyzed, using multivariable logistic regression.Results—The likelihood of clinical improvement after diagnosis of EPM was lower in horses used for breeding and pleasure activities. Treatment for EPM increased the probability that a horse would have clinical improvement. The likelihood of survival among horses with EPM was lower among horses with more severe clinical signs and higher among horses that improved after EPM was diagnosed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of horses with EPM is indicated in most situations; however, severity of clinical signs should be taken into consideration when making treatment decisions. Response to treatment is an important indicator of survival. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1181–1185)
Cardiorespiratory effects of four α2-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves
Authors: Sladky Kurt K. , Kelly Brian T. , Loomis Michael R. , Stoskopf Michael K. , Horne William A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of immobilizing doses of xylazine-ketamine (XK), medetomidine-ketamine (MK), medetomidine-ketamine- acepromazine (MKA), and medetomidine-butorphanol- ketamine (MBK) in captive red wolves.Design—Prospective study.Animals—32 adult captive red wolves.Procedure—Wolves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: XK, MK, MKA, or MBK. Physiologic variables measured included heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2, arterial blood gases, and rectal temperature. Induction time, muscle relaxation, and quality of recovery were assessed.Results—Heart rates were lower in wolves in the MBK group than for the other groups. All 4 drug combinations induced considerable hypertension, with diastolic pressures exceeding 116 mm Hg. Blood pressure was lowest in wolves receiving the MBK combination. Respiratory rate was significantly higher in wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA. Tidal volumes were similar for all groups. Wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA were well-oxygenated throughout the procedure (SpO2> 93%), whereas those receiving MBK were moderately hypoxemic (87% < SpO2 < 93%) during the first 20 minutes of the procedure. Hyperthermia was detected initially following induction in all groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The α2- adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations provide rapid reversible anesthesia for red wolves but cause severe sustained hypertension. Such an adverse effect puts animals at risk for development of cerebral encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and myocardial failure. Although the MBK combination offers some advantages over the others, it is advised that further protocol refinements be made to minimize risks associated with acute hypertension. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1366–1371)
Effect of long-term administration of an injectable enrofloxacin solution on physical and musculoskeletal variables in adult horses
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , Tremaine W. Henry , Macoris Delphim G. , Simmons Emily J. , Ewert Kathleen M. , Herr Leslie G. , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate clinical safety of administration of injectable enrofloxacin.Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.Animals—24 adult horses.Procedures—Healthy horses were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups that received placebo injections (control) or IV administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], 15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], or 25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb] of body weight, q 24 h) for 21 days. Joint angles, cross-sectional area of superficial and deep digital flexor and calcaneal tendons, carpal or tarsal osteophytes or lucency, and midcarpal and tarsocrural articular cartilage lesions were measured. Physical and lameness examinations were performed daily. Measurements were repeated after day 21, and articular cartilage and bone biopsy specimens were examined.Results—Enrofloxacin did not induce changes in most variables during administration or for 7 days after administration. One horse (dosage, 15 mg/kg) developed lameness and cellulitis around the tarsal plantar ligament during the last week of administration. One horse (dosage, 15 mg/kg) developed mild superficial digital flexor tendinitis, and 1 horse (dosage, 25 mg/kg) developed tarsal sheath effusion without lameness 3 days after the last administration. High doses of enrofloxacin (15 and 25 mg/kg) administered by bolus injection intermittently induced transient neurologic signs that completely resolved within 10 minutes without long-term effects. Slower injection and dilution of the dose ameliorated the neurologic signs. Adverse reactions were not detected with a 5 mg/kg dose administered IV as a bolus.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Enrofloxacin administered IV once daily at the rate of 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks is safe in adult horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1514–1521)
Rabies preexposure vaccination among veterinarians and at-risk staff
Authors: Trevejo Rosalie T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure rabies preexposure vaccination rate and identify factors potentially associated with lack of vaccination among veterinarians and atrisk staff.Design—Cross-sectional survey.Study Population—At-risk veterinary medical association (VMA) members, their staff members, and animal shelter and wildlife rehabilitation center personnel located in a California county.Procedure—A questionnaire was mailed to VMA members and managers of animal shelters and wildlife rehabilitation centers. Respondents were requested to provide data on vaccination history and potential factors associated with vaccination status for themselves and their at-risk staff members. Vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were compared by use of univariate and logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with vaccination status.Results—Fifty-eight percent (79/137) of persons who received questionnaires responded; 74 were eligible for the study. Respondents provided data for 47.6% (219/460) of their staff members. The vaccination rate was greater among respondents (85.1%) than among their staff members (17.5%). Among staff members, age and duration of employment were significantly associated with vaccination status.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A large proportion of at-risk staff members working in veterinary clinics, animal shelters, and wildlife rehabilitation centers in the study area did not receive rabies preexposure vaccination per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's published recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The cost of the preexposure vaccine series may be a barrier, particularly for young employees who are commonly short-term, part-time, or volunteer workers. Efforts are needed to increase awareness of the ACIP recommendations and to increase access to vaccination through agencies such as public health clinics. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1707–1710)
Effect of citrate concentration on coagulation test results in dogs
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Brooks Marjory B. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of citrate concentration (3.2 vs 3.8%) on coagulation tests in dogs.Design—Original study.Animals—30 clinically healthy dogs and 12 dogs with hereditary hemostatic disorders.Procedure—Blood was collected from all dogs directly into collection tubes containing 3.2 or 3.8% buffered citrate. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen concentration were measured by use of 3 clot-detection assay systems (2 mechanical and 1 photo-optic). Factor VIII and factor IX coagulant activities (FVIII:C and FIX:C, respectively) were determined by use of a manual tilt-tube method and a mechanical clot-detection device.Results—Significant differences were not detected in median PT, fibrinogen concentration, FVIII:C, or FIX:C between 3.2 and 3.8% citrate for any assay system. A significant prolongation in aPTT for 3.2% citrate, compared with 3.8% citrate, was found in 1 mechanical system.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Citrate concentration does not significantly affect results of most coagulation assays, regardless of assay system. The aPTT was mildly influenced by the citrate concentration, although this was animal-, instrument-, and reagent-dependent. The choice of 3.2 or 3.8% citrate as an anticoagulant for coagulation tests has minimal influence on assay results in healthy dogs or dogs with hereditary hemostatic disorders. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1672–1677)
Career racing performance in Thoroughbreds treated with prosthetic laryngoplasty for laryngeal neuropathy: 52 cases (1981–1989)
Authors: Strand Eric , Martin George S. , Haynes Peter F. , McClure J. Ray , Vice J. Donald 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare racing performance before and after prosthetic laryngoplasty for treatment of laryngeal neuropathy in inexperienced and experienced Thoroughbred racehorses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—52 Thoroughbred racehorses treated with prosthetic laryngoplasty for laryngeal neuropathy.Procedure—Lifetime race records were analyzed by use of a verified regression model. Individual race records and hospital records were also reviewed.Results—Experienced horses had a decline in performance, as measured by performance index, earnings percentage, and mean prediction error, during the 6-month period before prosthetic laryngoplasty. Performance improved after surgery, relative to performance in 1 to 4 races immediately before surgery, but did not attain previous baseline values for performance index and earnings percentage, although racing speed was restored to baseline values. Factors associated with failure to attain baseline levels of performance included other racing-related injuries and disorders, major complications of surgery, and age. Individually, however, many horses had long and successful careers after surgery. Performance of inexperienced horses after surgery was at least equal to that of experienced horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In addition to warning clients of the complications associated with prosthetic laryngoplasty, it may be prudent to provide a guarded prognosis for full restoration of racing performance in older horses, unless they are especially talented and are free of other racing-related problems. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1689–1696)
Hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in goats
Authors: McEwen Margaret-Mary , Gleed Robin D. , Ludders John W. , Stokol Tracy , Piero Fabio Del , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in young healthy goats.Design—Randomized prospective clinical trial.Animals—24 healthy 9-month-old female goats.Procedure—Goats were sedated with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and anesthetized with halothane (n = 12) or isoflurane (12) while undergoing tendon surgery. End-tidal halothane and isoflurane concentrations were maintained at 0.9 and 1.2 times the minimal alveolar concentrations, respectively, and ventilation was controlled. Venous blood samples were collected approximately 15 minutes after xylazine was administered and 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Goats were euthanatized 25 or 62 days after anesthesia, and postmortem liver specimens were submitted for histologic examination.Results—All goats recovered from anesthesia and survived until euthanasia. Serum SDH, GGT, and ALP activities and bilirubin concentration did not increase after anesthesia, but serum AST activity was significantly increased. However, serum hepatic enzyme activities were within reference limits at all times in all except 1 goat in which serum AST activity was high 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia. This goat had been anesthetized with halothane and had the longest duration of anesthesia. No clinically important abnormalities were seen on histologic examination of liver specimens.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that use of halothane or isoflurane for anesthesia in young healthy goats is unlikely to cause hepatic injury. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1697–1700)