bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric occupational therapists' verbal interaction with their clients
Authors: Eklund Mona , Hallberg Ingalill Rahm 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study reports from a survey investigating psychiatric occupational therapists' (n=292) use of verbal interaction on a regular basis with their clients. Among predefined areas of verbal interaction, routine occupations, self‐image and ego‐strengthening interventions were among the most frequently given alternatives. Verbal interaction with clients was more common among occupational therapists in outpatient care than among those in inpatient care. Verbal interaction with clients was also more common among occupational therapists with advanced education in psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy. The respondents' use of theoretical frames of reference was related to the focus of their verbal interaction with clients. Interventions to reach certain goals emerged as the most common category of verbal interactions. It was concluded that verbal interaction with clients is essential to the occupational therapy process. Future research needs to investigate the interplay between verbal and non‐verbal components of interaction in occupational therapy and how patients benefit from these elements. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Description of self‐care training in occupational therapy: case studies of five Kenyan children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Guidetti Susanne , Söderback Ingrid 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective case study design was to describe the changes in dressing skills for five Kenyan children with cerebral palsy who participated in a 10‐week occupational therapy intervention programme. The training sessions were individually designed to meet the needs of the child. The children's performances on undressing and dressing and the time these tasks took was used as a baseline and outcome measure. These measurements were documented by video films and then analysed using visual inspection and converted into the scores of the Klein‐Bell Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale. The results for each child were analysed using a simplified version of the Reliability Change Index. The results showed that four of the five children improved their ability to dress and that the children increased their time to undress significantly (p<0.05). Three children needed more time and two children needed less time for dressing (p<0.05). The results were influenced by the activity limitations among these children and the environmental, social backgrounds, cultural and economic situation unique to Kenya. It is recommended that case study research be used to validate clinical practice in paediatric occupational therapy and to understand cultural differences and its impact on health care. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Icelandic occupational therapists' attitudes towards educational issues
Authors: Ásmundsdóttir Elín Ebba , Kaplan Susan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of occupational therapists in Iceland to accept a professional as opposed to a technical view of the profession. Most Icelandic occupational therapists were educated in other countries, with little emphasis on liberal arts, sciences and research. The first Icelandic occupational therapy programme, a university‐level programme, was founded in 1997. All Icelandic occupational therapists were surveyed. Eighty‐seven questionnaires were sent out and 80 (92%) were returned and used for statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that Icelandic occupational therapists valued academic skills over technical skills, emphasizing occupational therapy theory unique to the profession and research to validate practice. More recognition among other health professionals was considered the most needed change in the profession. The results of the study showed that the clinicians' attitudes confirmed in general what is emphasized in the curriculum and in students' fieldwork. Further research is needed to explore whether the Icelandic occupational therapy profession succeeds in promoting research and recognition by other health professions. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Fieldwork education: the future of occupational therapy depends on it
Authors: Aiken Frances , Menaker Lisa , Barsky Lori 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFieldwork continues to be the cornerstone of preparation for entry‐level occupational therapy clinicians. During the past five years the Canadian healthcare system has experienced decreases in federal funding, organizational changes such as the movement to programme management, and increased focus on community‐based needs. Two fieldwork projects were tested at a large health sciences facility, to meet the challenge of providing effective fieldwork experiences that build on current educational methodologies while still responding to changing realities in healthcare practice. The academic programme with which the health sciences facility is affiliated has developed a strong focus on self‐directed learning, using problem‐based and small group learning formats. The development, implementation and evaluation of the two fieldwork projects is described. Discussion focuses on the processes needed to facilitate innovative, flexible fieldwork models. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Success of non‐traditional students in an undergraduate occupational therapy programme
Authors: Wheeler Neil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn exit survey designed to examine the experiences of occupational therapy undergraduates was administered to 365 students in a four‐year honours programme. The survey had a response rate of 51% (186). The survey was informed and supplemented by focus groups with international students and computer‐mediated conferencing with community leaders from relevant ethnic minorities. Results showed that older students and those with non‐traditional entry qualifications in this sample were as successful as school‐leaver entrants (those with UK A Level qualifications). There were no significant differences between the support needs of the groups and previous experience did not have a beneficial or significant effect on support needs. Having to maintain part‐time employment significantly increased the likelihood that students would consider withdrawing from the programme. For those who considered withdrawing but who went on to successful completion, the desire to practise occupational therapy following their successful experiences in the programme was a powerful motivator. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Developing awareness of spirituality in occupational therapy students: are our curricula up to the task?
Authors: Kirsh Bonnie , Dawson Deirdre , Antolikova Sylvia , Reynolds Lorraine 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAlthough spirituality is recognized as an important component of occupational therapy practice, students and clinicians are not well prepared to attend to this area. This study examines the manner and extent to which Canadian occupational therapy education addresses the concept of spirituality. A survey investigating spirituality in occupational therapy curricula was sent to all 12 Canadian occupational therapy programmes, with a response rate of 83%. Results indicate that although all Canadian occupational therapy programmes address spirituality in their curricula, the level of importance attached to the topic is low. Level of satisfaction with the preparation of students to address spirituality in practice is also low. A description of one Canadian occupational therapy programme's curriculum in the area of spirituality is included. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Competence unfurled: developing portfolio practice
Authors: Alsop Auldeen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this report some of the characteristics of competence are explored. Learning is identified as a feature of competence. If occupational therapists are to survive and thrive in a changing world they need to develop and use their learning skills effectively to maintain competence and to develop proficiency and expertise. Occupational therapists should take steps to document evidence of evolving competence in order to demonstrate professional growth over time, and justify continued registration with their regulatory body. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Education and research in Africa: identifying and meeting the needs
Authors: Crouch Rosemary B 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe development and promotion of occupational therapy in the Sub‐Saharan continent of Africa is seen as a challenge for the World Federation of Occupational Therapists. It is also a challenge for pioneering occupational therapists, mostly ex‐patriates, who have started occupational therapy services in many new countries of Africa over the past few years. This report identifies and addresses the problems. It is important that existing training centres for occupational therapists are maintained by attracting permanent, indigenous teaching staff and clinical supervisors, by promoting continuing support and development of existing occupational therapy services and by promoting the development of more rehabilitation and educational facilities. A priority is to help government departments to develop job structures for occupational therapists. Research is seen as being vital to this process. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of developing confidence in the profession of occupational therapy by ongoing education, personal achievement and positive thinking. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Technological dreams: the implications of new technologies for occupational therapy education and evidence‐based practice
Authors: Steward Barbara 
Published: March 2006

AbstractComputer technologies will change both occupational therapy education and practice. Technological optimists suggest that there will be positive benefits for distance learning and supervision, universal equal access to information and expertise, and positive cross‐cultural exchange. However, technologies have inevitable and unexpected costs. In this report I explore the potential for future problems with professional induction, educational reductionism, cultural imperialism and deprofessionalization through a review of the literature. I suggest that early recognition of the costs as well as the benefits of computer‐based education will be important to the development of international occupational therapy. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Patients' perceptions of their participation in rehabilitation planning and professionals' view of their strategies to encourage it
Authors: Lund Maria Larsson , Tamm Maare , Bränholm Inga‐Britt 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purposes of this descriptive study were threefold: first, to describe how patients perceived their participation in the planning of their rehabilitation; second, to describe nurses' and occupational therapists' view of the strategies they used to encourage patients' participation; and third, to compare the perceptions of the two groups. Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews with 57 hospitalized patients, 39 nurses and 11 occupational therapists. On the basis of the data patients were categorized as (a) ‘relinquishers’, (b) ‘participants’ and (c) ‘occasional participants’. Professionals were categorized as ‘information providers’ and ‘rehabilitation practitioners’. The strategies used by the professionals to encourage patient participation were approximately the same irrespective of patient category. It is suggested that professionals need to be sensitive to the patient's desire to participate in the planning of a rehabilitation programme. Further research is recommended to investigate circumstances affecting patients' participation and which strategies professionals can use to encourage their participation. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of the Taiwanese rehabilitation functional scale
Authors: Pan Ay‐Woan , Chern Jen‐Suh , Chung Lyinn , Lai Jin‐Shin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe need of a standardized evaluation tool for clinical practice is acknowledged by occupational therapists worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the inter‐rater and test–retest reliabilities of the Taiwanese Rehabilitation Functional Scale (TaRFS) developed in Taiwan. Seventy‐five subjects with varying diagnoses were recruited to participate in the study. They came from an inpatient rehabilitation unit within a university‐affiliated hospital. All participants were tested on a functional measure of their independence on activities of daily living and cognitive–social tasks, and of their sense of well‐being. The Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Cognitive‐Social Skills (CSS) subscales of the TaRFS were found to be reliable across raters and times. But individual items on the Subjective Well Being subscale were not stable across time. The results indicated that the ADL subscale as well as most items in the CSS subscale of the TaRFS can be utilized reliably in clinical practice. The SWB subscale of the TaRFS may need further revision in order to be used stably across time. The development of the TaRFS and future revision of the scale can be beneficial for occupational therapists in Taiwan to provide evidence of their intervention efficacy. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Work‐related stress and occupational therapy
Authors: Lloyd Chris , King Robert 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupational stress and burnout have been studied extensively in the human services. It has been suggested that healthcare professionals in particular are at risk of stress owing to the caring nature of their work. Articles related to occupational therapy and work‐related stress were reviewed in regard to practice in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and Sweden. Although the empirical literature is relatively weak for occupational therapy, it has been argued that occupational therapists in health care share risk factors with other healthcare professionals. These risk factors include repeated exposure to distress and difficult behaviour, prolonged interventions and uncertain outcome. Issues such as professional status, staffing issues and the nature of the profession have been identified as additional risk factors for occupational therapists. However, empirical studies that enable burnout rates of occupational therapists to be compared with those of related occupational groups suggest that this may not be the case. Occupational therapists may in fact be protected from some stress and burnout factors. Further research is recommended to clarify the nature of stress experienced by occupational therapists and to identify both risk and protective factors characteristic of the profession. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Development of the Competency Based Fieldwork Evaluation (CBFE)
Authors: Miller Linda T , Bossers Ann M , Polatajko Helene J , Hartley Mark 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecent changes in health care have contributed to an increase in community care and a consequent increase in community fieldwork sites in professional practice education. Evaluations of student performance designed before this transition are limited in their applicability across diverse settings. This article describes the development of a student performance evaluation, the Competency Based Fieldwork Evaluation (CBFE), based on a set of core competencies. Specifically, the CBFE was created to be used across a variety of rehabilitation professions: (a) to evaluate student performance in a variety of fieldwork settings, (b) to provide a cumulative record of student competency acquisition, and (c) to ensure competency for entry to practice. Focus group discussions and review of evaluations across disciplines led to the compilation of seven competencies common to all rehabilitation professions: (1) practice knowledge, (2) clinical reasoning, (3) facilitating change, (4) professional interactions, (5) communication, (6) professional development, and (7) performance management. A pilot version of the CBFE, using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for each competency, was field tested. Content analysis supported the seven competencies. However, concerns regarding the use of a VAS led to revision to a numeric rating scale with descriptors reflecting the stages of professional development. Evidence to date supports the use of the CBFE as a measure of developing clinical skills across diverse settings. However, most data have come from occupational therapy students. Future research is needed to evaluate the numeric rating scale, the reliability of the CBFE, and to evaluate the applicability of the CBFE across rehabilitation professions. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
What do young school‐age children know about occupational therapy? An evaluation study
Authors: Royeen Charlotte Brasic , Zardetto‐Smith Andrea M , Duncan Maureen , Mu Keli 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupational therapy is a poorly understood profession. In response to this fact, the American Occupational Therapy Association has launched a national campaign to increase awareness of occupational therapy among adults. Little is known, however, about children's perceptions of occupational therapy. The current evaluation study reports on the assessment of children's perceptions of occupational therapy prior to, and following, an interactive demonstration on occupational therapy as part of a larger neuroscience exposition. One hundred and three elementary school‐aged children (55 boys and 48 girls) from local schools attended a one‐day neuroscience exposition held at the Boys & Girls Clubs of Omaha. At three of 18 booths at the exposition, occupational therapy faculty and students explained what occupational therapists do, and demonstrated the link between brain function and occupational performance. Children completed pre and post questionnaires. Results revealed that on pre‐test, the vast majority of participants could not answer the question or had no idea of what occupational therapists do. On post‐test, 75% reported that they had knowledge of what occupational therapists do. These preliminary findings suggest that a campaign of public awareness about occupational therapy for children would be highly effective and beneficial, and that a neuroscience exposition including occupational therapy is one effective intervention to promote such awareness. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Occupational performance in older stroke wheelchair users living at home
Authors: Reid Denise T , Hebert Deborah , Rudman Deborah 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis research aimed to identify problems in occupational performance experienced by survivors of stroke who used a wheelchair, both from their perspective and from the perspective of their caregivers. Sixteen stroke survivors over the age of 65 years who had used a prescribed wheelchair for at least one year, who lived in their own home, who were able to participate in a conversational interview and who had a caregiver willing to participate comprised the sample. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used to identify occupational performance problems and to measure stroke survivors' and caregivers' perceptions of performance. The Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF) was also used to evaluate the functional performance of stroke survivors from the caregivers' perspective. The frequency and type of problems identified by the COPM were descriptively analysed and compared for both groups. The results of Mann‐Whitney U tests showed no differences in the frequency of self‐care, productivity and leisure problems reported between the two groups. Within‐group comparisons using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed that stroke survivors identified significantly more self‐care problems than productivity‐type problems (p=0.001), and more leisure problems than productivity problems (p=0.013). Caregivers identified significantly more self‐care problems than productivity problems (p=0.001). The most common self‐care problems reported by both stroke survivors and caregivers were dressing and bathing. Results suggest a high level of functional disability among the stroke survivors. There was a significant correlation between the score on the SMAF Instrumental Activities of Daily Living subscale and the frequency of caregiver assistance (r=0.747, p=0.001). Addressing the perspectives of both stroke survivors who are wheelchair users and their caregivers in identifying occupational performance problems at home is important for occupational therapists for planning home‐based intervention. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The development and reliability of the Cantonese version of the Allen Cognitive Level Screen
Authors: Chan Christopher LF , Ray Sharon , Trudeau Scott 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Allen Cognitive Level Screen is a quick screening test to assess the cognitive functions of people with cognitive impairments or psychiatric disabilities. The purposes of the study were to translate the Allen Cognitive Level Screen into Cantonese and to gather evidence of the reliability of the translated version. Translation was performed by three bilingual occupational therapists. A panel of another five bilingual occupational therapists verified the accuracy of translation. Thirty randomly selected Cantonese‐speaking healthcare workers performed the Cantonese version of the Allen Cognitive Level Screen. Results suggested that the test seemed to be accurately translated. Inter‐rater reliability and the test–retest coefficient of the Cantonese version of the Allen Cognitive Level Screen were 0.98 and 0.73 (test–retest interval = 28.3 days) respectively. Future research should be directed towards further exploring the psychometric properties and clinical application of the Cantonese version of Allen Cognitive Level Screen. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Occupational therapists' assessments of adults with long‐term pain: the Swedish experience
Authors: MÜllersdorf Maria , SÖderback Ingrid 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to describe the needs for occupational therapy among people of working age with long‐term pain, and to describe treatment interventions based on these assessments. Occupational therapists working in primary health care and/or with special interest in pain management (n=109) assessed 113 people aged 18–58 years with long‐term pain with the Occupational Therapy Needs Assessment – Pain (OTNA – P) questionnaire. The occupational therapists recommended treatment interventions where appropriate. The results generated categories of needs that have implications for interventions: 1) need for patient education, 2) needs due to limitations in activity performance, 3) needs due to patient's discouragement, 4) need as a result of patient's dependency and 5) needs related to work. The suggested interventions focused on increased knowledge of how to handle daily occupations, mainly categorized as ‘education and stress management’ and ‘behavioural’ interventions. Significant correlations were found between the assessed needs and the suggested interventions. The results of this study could assist in developing guidelines for practitioners working in occupational therapy pain management programmes. It is recommended that further research is done on the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions with patients with long‐term pain. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.