bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note introductive au texte de Richard Stanley Peters, « L’éducation comme initiation »
Authors: Gégout Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Dans les discours ordinaires, l’éducation est régulièrement envisagée sous le prisme de ses conséquences et finalités extrinsèques (intégration à la société, formation professionnelle etc.). Pour le philosophe anglais Richard S. Peters, ces manières de concevoir l’éducation manquent le point essentiel : l’éducation est un processus d’amélioration de la personne. Cette conception éthique de l’éducation en fait un bien en soi. Elle s’apparente alors à un cheminement vers une forme de sagesse, ou, à tout le moins, de civilisation de soi, consistant à connaître, préférer et défendre ce qui a de la valeur. L’article dont nous proposons la traduction défend une telle conception de l’éducation. Écrit en 1965 par Richard S. Peters, « Education as initiation » a été le point de départ de nombreuses discussions chez les philosophes de l’éducation de langue anglaise de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. C’est ce caractère séminal ainsi que la conception éthique de l’éducation, désormais marginale, qui justifie selon nous la nécessité de faire paraître aujourd’hui cet article en langue française.
Bibliometric Analysis of Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Potentially Malignant Disorders of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Grover Sonal , Jaiswal Manoj , Kurian Nirmal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
The objective is to study the characteristics of top 100 most cited articles on oral potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity.

Materials and Methods:
The Web of Science database was used to retrieve the top most cited articles using keyword “potentially malignant disorders,” “premalignant lesions” and “premalignant conditions.” The data was searched to include journal name, publication year, authors, country of origin and type of study. These data were used to study the characteristics of top 100 most cited articles.

Results:
The top 100 articles had a combined citation of 11,198 and the number of citations ranged from 54 to 712. These were published between 1966 and 2018. The citation density ranged 1.71–40 with average citation density of 13.75/year. Majority of authors were from the United States.

Conclusion:
The analysis reveals interesting facts about the most cited articles. Most articles were narrative reviews and etiopathogenesis was the most common area of research.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center of the Sub-Himalayan Region: An Ambispective Study
Authors: Sunil Hanumanthappa , Chaturvedi Jaya , Singh Sunil K. , Bose Bodhisattva , Solanki Pratik , Mondal Avijit , Sundriyal Deepak , Durgapal Prashant , Bahadur Anupama , Gupta Amit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective:
The ovary is considered one of the complex organs with respect to histology, embryology, steroidogenesis, as well as tumor incidence. In order to attain a better knowledge of the disease mechanism, the current research highlights a correlation between the pathological and clinical features of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this research is to evaluate the oncological and clinicopathological results of patients who were diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) in a tertiary care center situated in the Sub-Himalayan region.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy patients with OC registered at the department of surgical oncology, obstetrics and gynecology, and medical oncology between January 2019 and December 2021 had been estimated in this prospective and retrospective observational research. Age, histological type, stage at presentation, and treatment pattern were the characteristics examined in the patients.

Results:
The patients’ average age was 48.18 ± 12.309 years, having a maximum age of 74 years as well as the minimum age of 21 years. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain (30%). Hypertension was the most commonly seen comorbidity in 7 (10%) patients. Most of the patients had high-grade serous carcinoma in 40 (56.1%) patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant type of chemotherapy were given to 30 (42.9%) patients. After 3 months, follow-up imaging showed that there was no residual disease in 51 (72.8%) patients, and the disease progression was seen in 8 (11.4%) patients.

Conclusion:
Because of their clinical correlation, behavioral predictability, as well as proper management of patient care, the right clinicopathological detection of ovarian tumors is extremely important.
Histomorphological Spectrum of Juvenile Salivary Gland Swelling: A Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Majumdar Arijit , Biswas Soumali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Salivary gland neoplasms are a rare group of disorders with diverse morphologies and are even rarer in pediatric population.

Aims and Objectives:
This aimed to explore our experience with the histomorphological spectrum of salivary gland tumors in a tertiary care pediatric referral center so that it can add to the cumulative knowledge to these tumors.

Materials and Methods:
The histopathology records from the department of pathology from January 2012 to December 2020 were reviewed in retrospect. Perisalivary gland region lesions were excluded from the study.

Results:
A total of 50 cases were included in the study. The most common location for salivary gland masses was parotid region (70%). Nonneoplastic lesions were seen in 3 (6%) patients and neoplastic lesions were seen in 47 (94%) patients. The most found benign lesion of salivary gland tissue origin was pleomorphic adenoma and 10 out of 15 cases (66.7%) of malignant tumors were found to be mucoepidermoid carcinoma on histology.

Conclusion:
Salivary gland tumors, rare in childhood and adolescence, differ in their incidence and prognosis from those in adult patients. The percentage of malignant salivary gland tumors compared with benign is much more frequent than in adults. The parotid is the most common site, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor.
Consolidation chemoradiation (cCTRT) improves survival in responders to first-line chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced gallbladder cancer (LA-GBC)
Authors: Alam Mohammed N. , Agrawal Sushma , Rastogi Neeraj , Maria Das Koilpillai Joseph 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Chemotherapy (CT) is the standard of care in advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). Should locally advanced GBC (LA-GBC) with response to CT and good performance status (PS) be offered as consolidation chemoradiation (cCTRT) to delay progression and improve survival There is a scarcity of literature on this approach in the English literature. We present our experience with this approach in LA-GBC.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining ethics approval, we reviewed the records of consecutive GBC patients from 2014 to 2016. Out of 550 patients, 145 were LA-GBC who were initiated on chemotherapy. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen was done to evaluate the response to treatment, according to the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria. All responders to CT (PR and SD) with good PS but unresectable were treated with cCTRT. Radiotherapy was given to GB bed, periportal, common hepatic, coeliac, superior mesenteric, and para-aortic lymph nodes up to a dose of 45 to 54 Gy in 25 to 28 fractions along with concurrent capecitabine at the rate of 1,250 mg/m2. Treatment toxicity, overall survival (OS), and factors affecting OS were computed based on Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.

Results:
The median age of patients was 50 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 43–56 years), and men to women ratio was 1:3. A total of 65% and 35% patients received CT and CT followed by cCTRT, respectively. The incidence of Grade 3 gastritis and diarrhea was 10% and 5%, respectively. Responses were partial response (PR; 65%), stable disease (SD; 12%), progressive disease (PD; 10%), and nonevaluable (NE; 13%) because they did not complete six cycles of CT or were lost to follow-up. Among PR, 10 patients underwent radical surgery (six after CT and four after cCTRT). At a median follow-up of 8 months, the median OS was 7 months with CT and 14 months with cCTRT (P = 0.04). The median OS was 57 months, 12 months, 7 months, and 5 months for complete response (CR) (resected), PR/SD, PD, and NE (P = 0.008), respectively. OS was 10 months and 5 months for Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >80 and <80 (P = 0.008), respectively. PS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.5), stage (HR = 0.41), and response to treatment (HR = 0.05) were retained as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions:
CT followed by cCTRT appears to improve survival in responders with good PS.
An interpretive phenomenological analysis of hope in cancer patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Nazam Fauzia , Husain Akbar , Devi Seema , Singh Rajesh Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In positive psychology, increased recognition of the phenomenon of hope among people suffering from cancer, along with alleviating their negative mental states like anxiety, depression, and fear of death is evident and promising. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of hope in cancer patients.

Materials:
Qualitative phenomenological research approach was used. A semi-structured in-depth interview with open-ended questions was administered to explore the patient’s hope related experiences during the journey of cancer. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a total of 10 participants for the study. The size of the sample was decided on the basis of literature for the interpretive phenomenological study.

Results:
Results revealed five major common themes related to hope during illness: (1) survival expectation; (2) will to live; (3) prognostic clarification; (4) positivity of health providers; and (5) recovery of other patients: A source of hopefulness.

Conclusion:
The lived experiences of cancer patients shows that hope is the positive expectation of survival, which is a source of motivation during their journey of illness. It also denotes goal setting behaviour. Thus, hope is the “will to live” which is related to social support, positive communication with healthcare providers, and recovery of fellow patients.
The effect of music therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer
Authors: Pozhhan Mahboobeh , Sobhani Sahar , Rasouli Aleheh Seyed , Tohidinezhad Fariba 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is an unavoidable side effect that affects the quality of life (QoL) and treatment compliance in patients with cancer. While the positive effect of music therapy in many clinical settings has been published, little information is available on the relieving effect of music therapy on CINV.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of music therapy on the frequency and severity of CINV in women with breast cancer.

Methods:
Sixty patients were equally randomized to experimental (music therapy) and control (routine care) groups. One hundred and forty-eight instrumental, relaxation, and religious records were provided to be delivered by a headphone connected to an MP3 player. The intervention consisted of five 25-minute sessions supervised by trained nurses to provide the patient’s favorite music, volume, and timing arrangement. A 0–10 visual analog scale (VAS) and the 4-point Likert scale were used to measure the severity of nausea. Frequencies were also asked and recorded. The study endpoints were before, during, and after (8-hours, 16-hours, and 24-hours) chemotherapy.

Results:
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the frequency and severity of CINV increased significantly over the first 24 hours after chemotherapy in both groups. The difference between music therapy and control groups was statistically significant with regard to the median of the frequency of nausea (5.92 versus 12.34), frequency of vomiting (4.55 versus 9.95), the severity of nausea (1.26 versus 3.27), and severity of vomiting (1.06 versus 2.53).

Conclusion:
This study supports the idea of incorporating music therapy into the healing process after chemotherapy in women with breast cancer.
Quality of life and burden in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer receiving specialized palliative care
Authors: Koçak Nesteren , Şenel Gülçin , Oğuz Gonca , Karaca Şerife , Gökse Fatih 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The caregivers of advanced cancer patients face many physical, psychological, social, and economic problems. In this study, the quality of life and burden in the primary family caregiver of patients with advanced cancer receiving inpatient palliative care were investigated.

Methods:
A total of 200 patients with advanced cancer hospitalized at palliative care center and primary caregivers were included. Functional capacities of patients were evaluated with Karnofsky Performance Scale and need of care with Katz index. The Turkish version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF TR) was used to assess the quality of life of caregivers.

Results:
The median Karnofsky Performance score of patients was found to be 30% and Katz Index score to be 2. The mean WHOQOL-BREF TR domain scores of family caregivers were 48.96 (Standard deviation (SD) =12.67) for physical health, 59.21 (SD=14.09) for psychological status, 56.83 (SD=20.91) for social relations, and 55.67 (SD=14.13) for environmental domain. Scores of psychological and environmental subscales were lower in women caregivers. The environmental subscale showed a significant difference in terms of education. The score of social relations subscale of the care giving spouse was lower than caregiving children and siblings. The score of environmental subscale of caregivers with insufficient income was found to be lower than caregivers with sufficient income. Karnofsky Performance and Katz Index scores and subscales of WHOQOL-BREF TR did not reveal any significant relation.

Conclusion:
This study showed that all subscales of quality of life are impaired in caregivers of advanced cancer patients, physical health being the most prominent.
Feasibility and impact of screening for venous thromboembolism in treatment-naive lung cancer patients–Results of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Narasimhan Ramesh L , Prasad Kuruswamy T , Ahluwalia Jasmina , Garg Mandeep , Behera Digambar , Singh Navneet 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer remains underdiagnosed. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of screening for VTE in lung cancer (LC) patients. We assess the incidence of VTE, its risk factors, and effects on overall survival (OS).

Methods:
Consecutive treatment-naive LC patients were screened for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with compression ultrasonography and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) at diagnosis and after 3 months of treatment. The incidence rate of VTE (DVT and/or PTE) was calculated. Risk factors associated with VTE were assessed using logistic regression analysis. All participants were followed-up to 1 year after enrollment. OS was compared in LC subjects with and without VTE, using the Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results:
Around 301 subjects with LC (stages IIIB-IV accounted for 83.1%) were enrolled, of which 16 had VTE (5.3%). The incidence rate of VTE was 90 per 1000 person-years (PY). PTE was asymptomatic in 27.3% of cases while all DVT episodes were symptomatic. The incidence rate of asymptomatic PTE identified during the screening was 17 per 1000 PY. The median duration from LC diagnosis to the VTE event was 96.5 days. Median OS was significantly less in VTE patients [161 versus 311 days; P = 0.007] and death was attributable to VTE in 50%. After adjusting for covariates, VTE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.1), smoking (HR = 1.7), and Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status ≥2 (HR = 1.6) were independently associated with poor OS in LC.

Conclusions:
VTE occurs in approximately 1 in 20 newly-diagnosed patients with LC and is associated with decreased OS. Screening for PTE may be considered even in resource-limited settings.
Early response to chemotherapy in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis predicts long-term disease-free survival
Authors: Krishnan V.P. , Kanvinde Purva , Patel Swati , Golwala Zainab , Swami Archana , Hiwarkar Prashant , Mudaliar Sangeeta 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal malignancy of the monocyte-macrophage system. Patients with lesions in “risk organs” have significantly higher risk of mortality than patients with lesions limited to “non-risk” sites. The influence of early response to therapy on long-term survival in this heterogeneous multi-system disease was analyzed.

Methods:
During a 7-year period, we retrospectively analyzed the findings in 24 consecutive patients who required systemic chemotherapy for LCH [single system with multifocal bone involvement and multisystem involvement with or without risk organ (RO) involvement]. All patients were started on vinblastine and prednisolone. Progressive disease was treated with salvage protocols or targeted therapy. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT)/conventional CT based response assessment was performed at week 6 of chemotherapy, and if needed after week 12 of chemotherapy.

Results:
MFO bone, MS ROneg, and MS ROpos LCH was observed in 3, 4, and 17 patients, respectively. Age range of patients varied from 1 month–7 years (median = 18 months). The EFS and OS were 100% and 100% for MFO bone, 50% and 100%, respectively, for MS ROneg and 35% and 52%, respectively, for MS ROpos. OS was 93% and 100% for CR attained at 6 and 12 weeks respectively regardless of the risk status (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Rapid early response, that is, complete remission at 6 and 12 weeks was associated with significantly improved overall survival. In slow responders, early salvage with alternative regimens or targeted therapy may result in better outcomes.
Risk factors and prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women in south India
Authors: Kalavathy MC , Mathew Aleyamma , Jagathnath Krishna KM , Saritha VN , Sujathan K 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cervical cancer in India accounts for one-fifth of the global burden. Well-defined precancerous stages help early detection of the disease. Apart from human papillomavirus, the risk factors include age, education, occupation, early age at marriage and first delivery, abortions, and multiple sexual partners. Prevalence and risk factors for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among women by Pap smear screening in south India were analyzed through a cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Women from rural and urban area were motivated by local accredited social health activists to attend pre-fixed Pap smear clinics in government hospitals. Pap smears collected in these clinics were taken to the Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, processed, and cytology reports were prepared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for SIL and high-grade SIL (HSIL).

Results:
The number of SIL was 67 out of 10,580 and HSIL was 39. Having higher education (Odds Ratio, OR:0.05(95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.01-0.2), being married but living single (OR : 5.3, 95%CI:2.4-11.5), Having >2 abortions (OR:21, 95% CI:4.5-24), having younger age at delivery (OR : 0.1, 95% CI:0.01-0.3) and having unhealthy cervix (OR: 16.4, 95% CI:6.2-42.7) were the factors found to be the associated risk factors in multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion:
Pap smear screening can be focused on women with risk factors such as low education, married but living single, having >2 abortions, younger age at delivery, and unhealthy cervix on per speculum examination.
The utility of the Ion Torrent PGM next generation sequencing for analysis of the most commonly mutated genes among patients with colorectal cancer in India
Authors: Mehra Simmi , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Mehta Swati Pabbi , Sachdev Ritesh , Rajvanshi Chhavi , Chauhan Rajni , Saini Abhishek , Vaid Ashok 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The requirement for the mutation analysis for Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is rapidly increasing as it is a predictive biomarker and also, its absence signifies response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the pathological diagnosis and distribution of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer with the use of next generation sequencing platform (Ion Torrent).

Methods:
A total of 56 CRC samples were tested to identify the genetic mutations, especially KRAS using the primers which included ~2800 COSMIC mutations of 50 oncogenes. Ion Torrent personal genome machine (semiconductor-based sequencing) was used for the sequencing and analysis. Along with KRAS, other 49 genes were also studied for COSMIC mutations.

Results:
KRAS mutation 25 (44.6%) had the highest frequency, followed by TP53 10 (17.9%) and PIK3CA mutation 4 (7.1%). Of all the KRAS mutations identified, mutations in codon 12 were most frequent followed by mutations in codon 13 and 61. The most frequent substitution was glycine to aspartate mutation in codon 12 (p.Gly12Asp) followed by glycine to valine (p.Gly12Val). Combinations of mutations were also studied. Our study revealed that seven cases (12.5%) had both KRAS and TP53 mutations (highest of all the combinations).

Conclusion:
The analysis of KRAS mutation frequency and its mutational subtype analysis in human CRCs by using semiconductor-based platform in routine clinical practices have been performed in Indian population. The findings were similar to earlier published reports from the Western literature.
Transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer- B and portal vein tumor thrombosis
Authors: Anand Santhosh , Pottakkat Biju , Raja Kalayarasan , Chandrasekar Sandip , Satheesh Santhosh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the preferred treatment for patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). However, select patients with advanced HCC and with PVTT have shown improved survival with TACE. This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of TACE in patients with HCC beyond Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer- B (BCLC - B) and those with HCC and PVTT.

Methods:
Patients with unresectable HCC, subjected to TACE were included. HCC patients with PVTT involving main portal vein and, poor performance status were excluded from the study. Patients were stratified according to performance status, alpha feto protein (AFP) values, and up-to-seven criteria. Individually and using various combinations, the influence of these variables on survival was also estimated.

Results:
A total of 50 patients were included in the study. PVTT was present in 12 patients. Clinically, significant liver failure was observed in two patients. The average overall survival of patients beyond BCLC-B following TACE was 13 months. Survival was not influenced by tumor invasion into the portal vein. Patients with higher AFP levels had comparable survival provided their tumor load was satisfying up-to-seven criteria.

Conclusion:
We conclude that TACE could improve survival in selective HCC patients beyond BCLC-B and with PVTT not extending to the main portal vein.