bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing heat pump adoption: analysing multiple perspectives on preparing homes for heat pumps in the UK
Authors: Lamb Ned , Elmes David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeat pumps are a solution for decarbonising home heating in the UK. However, the readiness of UK homes for heat pumps is an area of concern regarding the policies aimed at increasing heat pump adoption. This work combines multiple perspectives in evaluating the technical readiness of homes with the market readiness of installers and homeowners to proceed with installing heat pumps. The effectiveness of past heating and energy efficiency policies in the UK are reviewed, along with building regulations, incentives to promote energy efficiency and the effectiveness of heat pump technology in heating homes. Current policies support the cost of a heat pump but home improvements to make homes ‘heat pump-ready’ can be necessary to achieve optimal heat pump system performance.This paper suggests the UK will face three major challenges. First, analysis highlights an ‘eligibility-readiness gap’ describing the difference between homes ‘eligible’ (50%) for the Government’s Boiler Upgrade Scheme—a subsidy for heat pump installations—and the likely level of homes that are heat pump-ready (11%) for successful heat pump installations. Second, semi-structured interviews with heat pump installers identified gaps in capacity to deliver the necessary works to make homes heat pump-ready. As small or medium enterprises, the majority of installers do not currently see adding home improvement services to their existing business model as beneficial. All installers highlighted the need for Government to address the cost of electricity relative to gas. Third, a national survey of homeowners in England with gas boilers (n = 1,021) revealed low awareness of the necessary work to make homes heat pump-ready and low willingness to spend money on them unless supported by Government. This paper shows that the processes and costs involved in making homes heat pump-ready before successful design and installation are underappreciated by homeowners, inadequately served by industry, and insufficiently supported by Government.
The Evolving Role of Electroencephalography in Postarrest Care
Authors: Bencsik Caralyn , Josephson Colin , Soo Andrea , Ainsworth Craig , Savard Martin , van Diepen Sean , Kramer Andreas , Kromm Julie 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT:Electroencephalography is an accessible, portable, noninvasive and safe means of evaluating a patient’s brain activity. It can aid in diagnosis and management decisions for post-cardiac arrest patients with seizures, myoclonus and other non-epileptic movements. It also plays an important role in a multimodal approach to neuroprognostication predicting both poor and favorable outcomes. Individuals ordering, performing and interpreting these tests, regardless of the indication, should understand the supporting evidence, logistical considerations, limitations and impact the results may have on postarrest patients and their families as outlined herein.
Gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression and care seeking for mental health problems in Nepal: Analysis of nationally representative survey data
Authors: Shawon Md Shajedur Rahman , Hossain Fariha Binte , Hasan Moushumi , Rahman Mohammad Rifat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Assessing gender disparity in mental health is crucial for targeted interventions. This study aims to quantify gender disparities in mental health burdens, specifically anxiety and depression, and related care-seeking behaviors across various sociodemographic factors in Nepal, highlighting the importance of gender-specific mental health interventions.

Methods
Data from the 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey was utilized, employing the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scales for anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Multiple logistic regression models assessed gender associations with these conditions and care-seeking behaviors.

Results
Women had a higher point prevalence of anxiety (21.9% vs. 11.3%) and depression (5.4% vs. 1.7%) than men. Large variations were noted in gender disparities in the prevalence of anxiety and depression, influenced by age, geographical areas, level of education and household wealth. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, women were more likely to experience anxiety (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–2.43) and depression (aOR = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.53–4.07). However, no difference was observed in the rates of seeking care for anxiety or depression (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.91–1.40).

Conclusions
Our findings show a higher point prevalence of mental health issues among women than men, influenced by sociodemographic factors, underscoring the need for gender-focused mental health interventions in Nepal and globally.
The Constitution of Virtual Objects
Authors: Bucchioni Guillaume , Declos Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
David Chalmers argues that virtual reality is a genuine kind of reality. In one of its readings, this “virtual realism” states that virtual entities ontologically depend on real digital entities. This article explores that suggestion and offers a novel account of the dependence of the virtual on the digital. Drawing on Lynne Rudder Baker's theory of constitution, we contend that virtual objects should be seen as constituted by digital objects, when these are placed in certain favourable circumstances. We explore the rationale and implications of this view, which we see as a promising form of virtual realism.
Phantoms in and of the Archive: Mary Cudmore’s Encounters with a Ghost in Cork in 1688 and 1689
Authors: Tait Clodagh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn October 1688, and again in May 1689, Mary Cudmore claimed to have encountered a ‘spectre’ in her employers’ house in Cork city. The great interest the story aroused among the townspeople is indicated in letters from prominent inhabitants and an examination of Mary by the bishop of Cork and Ross. They allow us access into the homes and heads of the people of Cork at a point when significant challenges were being mounted to the Protestant authorities’ dominance of the city, as the War of the Two Kings loomed, and as memories of other conflicts stirred. As observers weighed questions of scruple and certainty, and balanced concerns about imposture and creditworthiness, we also glimpse shifts in supernatural belief and contemporary debates about the construction of proof and truth. That anything of Mary’s experiences has survived is remarkable, given the loss of most of the contents of the Dublin Public Record Office in 1922. In the context of ongoing deliberate and negligent destruction of archives, this article thus also argues for consideration of and consideration to partial and phantom histories.
Using bycatch data to model sun bear Helarctos malayanus occupancy in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra
Authors: Sibarani Marsya C. , Ekanasty Intannia , Surya Rikha A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurveys targeting flagship species frequently record the presence of other species, providing valuable bycatch data to fill knowledge gaps on the ecology of overlooked species. Using bycatch records from camera-trap surveys for the tiger Panthera tigris, we model occupancy of the sun bear Helarctos malayanus, predict its temporal change in occupancy during 2015–2019 and determine its activity patterns in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sumatra, Indonesia. We performed single-season occupancy modelling that considered unequal detection probability from sun bear detection/non-detection records. We found that the sun bear occupancy in the Intensive Protection Zone (i.e. the priority protection area) of the National Park was slightly higher than in the north of the National Park. In the Intensive Protection Zone, sun bear occupancy was estimated to be 0.67 in 2015 and increased to 0.83 in 2019, but this increase was not substantial. The sun bear exhibited a cathemeral activity pattern. Most activity occurred during the day (46.2%), followed by night (21.2%), dusk (20.9%) and dawn (11.7%). We encourage collaboration amongst institutions conducting camera-trap studies in Sumatra to examine the ecology of other threatened yet overlooked species, to assess the broader biodiversity benefits of flagship species conservation and to strengthen science-based conservation efforts.
Consideration of nutrition and sustainability in public definitions of ‘healthy’ food: an analysis of submissions to the US FDA
Authors: Belarmino Emily H , Carfagno Michelle , Kam Lauren , Ifeagwu Kene-Chukwu , Nelson Miriam E , Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To better understand how the public defines ‘healthy’ foods and to determine whether the public considers sustainability, implicitly and explicitly, in the context of healthy eating.

Design:
We conducted a content analysis of public comments submitted to the US FDA in 2016 and 2017 in response to an invitation for feedback on use of the term ‘healthy’ on food labels. The analysis explored the ways in which commenters’ definitions of ‘healthy’ aligned with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and whether their definitions considered sustainability.

Setting:
The US Government’s Regulations.gov website.

Participants:
All 1125 unique comments from individuals and organisations.

Results:
Commenters’ definitions of ‘healthy’ generally mirrored the recommendations that the Dietary Guidelines for Americans put forth to promote a ‘healthy eating pattern’. Commenters emphasised the healthfulness of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish and other minimally processed foods and the need to limit added sugars, sodium, saturated and trans fats and other ingredients sometimes added during processing. One-third of comments (n 374) incorporated at least one dimension of sustainability, mainly the environmental dimension. Commenters who mentioned environmental considerations primarily expressed concerns about synthetic chemicals and genetic modification. Less than 20 % of comments discussed social or economic dimensions of sustainability, and less than 3 % of comments (n 30) used the word ‘sustainability’ explicitly.

Conclusions:
This novel analysis provides new information about the public’s perceptions of ‘healthy’ foods relative to nutrition and sustainability considerations. The findings can be used to advance policy discussions regarding nutrition labelling and guidance.
Followability, Necessity, and Excuse: Interpreting Kant’s Penal Theory
Authors: Campbell Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhilosophers traditionally interpret Kant as a retributivist, but modern interpreters, with reference to Kant’s theory of justice and problematic passages, instead propose penal theories that mix retributive and deterrent features. Although these mixed penal theories are substantively compelling and capture the Kantian spirit, their dual aspects lead to a justificatory conflict that generates an apparent dilemma. To resolve this dilemma and clear the ground for these mixed theories, I will outline and reinterpret Kant’s penal theory by situating it in his broader moral and political philosophy. This move grounds the followability requirement, which is necessary to resolve the dilemma.
Unraveling Environmental Forces Shaping Surface Sediment Geochemical “Isodrapes” in the East Asian Marginal Seas
Authors: Paradis Sarah , Diesing Markus , Gies Hannah , Haghipour Negar , Narman Lena , Magill Clayton , Wagner Thomas , Galy Valier V. , Hou Pengfei , Zhao Meixun , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Shin Kyung‐Hoon , Lin Baozhi , Liu Zhifei , Wiesner Martin G. , Stattegger Karl , Chen Jianfang , Zhang Jingjing , Eglinton Timothy I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs major sites of carbon burial and remineralization, continental margins are key components of the global carbon cycle. However, heterogeneous sources of organic matter (OM) and depositional environments lead to complex spatial patterns in sedimentary organic carbon (OC) content and composition. To better constrain the processes that control OM cycling, we focus on the East Asian marginal seas as a model system, where we compiled extensive data on the OC content, bulk isotopic composition (δ13C and Δ14C), total nitrogen, and mineral surface area of surficial sediments from previous studies and new measurements. We developed a spatial machine learning modeling framework to predict the spatial distribution of these parameters and identify regions where sediments with similar geochemical signatures drape the seafloor (i.e., “isodrapes”). We demonstrate that both provenance (44%–77%) and hydrodynamic processes (22%–53%) govern the fate of OM in this margin. Hydrodynamic processes can either promote the degradation of OM in mobile mud‐belts or preserve it in stable mud‐deposits. The distinct isotopic composition of OC sources from marine productivity and individual rivers regulates the age and reactivity of OM deposited on the sea‐floor. The East Asian marginal seas can be separated into three main isodrapes: hydrodynamically energetic shelves with coarser‐grained sediment depleted in OC, OM‐enriched mud deposits, and a deep basin with fine‐grained sediments and aged OC affected by long oxygen exposure times and petrogenic input from rivers. This study confirms that both hydrodynamic processes and provenance should be accounted for to understand the fate of OC in continental margins.
The Net GHG Balance and Budget of the Permafrost Region (2000–2020) From Ecosystem Flux Upscaling
Authors: Ramage Justine , Kuhn McKenzie , Virkkala Anna‐Maria , Voigt Carolina , Marushchak Maija E. , Bastos Ana , Biasi Christina , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , López‐Blanco Efrèn , Natali Susan M. , Olefeldt David , Potter Stefano , Poulter Benjamin , Rogers Brendan M. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Treat Claire , Turetsky Merritt R. , Watts Jennifer , Hugelius Gustaf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe northern permafrost region has been projected to shift from a net sink to a net source of carbon under global warming. However, estimates of the contemporary net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and budgets of the permafrost region remain highly uncertain. Here, we construct the first comprehensive bottom‐up budgets of CO2, CH4, and N2O across the terrestrial permafrost region using databases of more than 1000 in situ flux measurements and a land cover‐based ecosystem flux upscaling approach for the period 2000–2020. Estimates indicate that the permafrost region emitted a mean annual flux of 12 (−606, 661) Tg CO2–C yr−1, 38 (22, 53) Tg CH4–C yr−1, and 0.67 (0.07, 1.3) Tg N2O–N yr−1 to the atmosphere throughout the period. Thus, the region was a net source of CH4 and N2O, while the CO2 balance was near neutral within its large uncertainties. Undisturbed terrestrial ecosystems had a CO2 sink of −340 (−836, 156) Tg CO2–C yr−1. Vertical emissions from fire disturbances and inland waters largely offset the sink in vegetated ecosystems. When including lateral fluxes for a complete GHG budget, the permafrost region was a net source of C and N, releasing 144 (−506, 826) Tg C yr−1 and 3 (2, 5) Tg N yr−1. Large uncertainty ranges in these estimates point to a need for further expansion of monitoring networks, continued data synthesis efforts, and better integration of field observations, remote sensing data, and ecosystem models to constrain the contemporary net GHG budgets of the permafrost region and track their future trajectory.
Patterns of stressful life events and polygenic scores for five mental disorders and neuroticism among adults with depression
Authors: Crouse Jacob J. , Park Shin Ho , Byrne Enda M. , Mitchell Brittany L. , Scott Jan , Medland Sarah E. , Lin Tian , Wray Naomi R. , Martin Nicholas G. , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dominant (‘general’) version of the diathesis-stress theory of depression views stressors and genetic vulnerability as independent risks. In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (N = 14,146; 75% female), we tested whether polygenic scores (PGS) for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, ADHD, and neuroticism were associated with reported exposure to 32 childhood, past-year, lifetime, and accumulated stressful life events (SLEs). In false discovery rate-corrected models, the clearest PGS-SLE relationships were for the ADHD- and depression-PGSs, and to a lesser extent, the anxiety- and schizophrenia-PGSs. We describe the associations for childhood and accumulated SLEs, and the 2–3 strongest past-year/lifetime SLE associations. Higher ADHD-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect; ORs = 1.09–1.14; p’s < 1.3 × 10−5), more accumulated SLEs, and reported exposure to sudden violent death (OR = 1.23; p = 3.6 × 10−5), legal troubles (OR = 1.15; p = 0.003), and sudden accidental death (OR = 1.14; p = 0.006). Higher depression-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.07–1.12; p’s < 0.013), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.17; p = 0.003), assault with a weapon (OR = 1.12; p = 0.003), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.11; p = 0.001). Higher anxiety-PGS was associated with childhood emotional abuse (OR = 1.08; p = 1.6 × 10−4), more accumulated SLEs, and serious accident (OR = 1.23; p = 0.004), physical assault (OR = 1.08; p = 2.2 × 10−4), and transportation accident (OR = 1.07; p = 0.001). Higher schizophrenia-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.12–1.19; p’s < 9.3−8), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.16; p = 0.003). Higher neuroticism-PGS was associated with living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.09; p = 0.007) and major financial troubles (OR = 1.06; p = 0.014). A reversed pattern was seen for the bipolar-PGS, with lower odds of reported physical assault (OR = 0.95; p = 0.014), major financial troubles (OR = 0.93; p = 0.004), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 0.92; p = 0.007). Genetic risk for several mental disorders influences reported exposure to SLEs among adults with moderately severe, recurrent depression. Our findings emphasise that stressors and diatheses are inter-dependent and challenge diagnosis and subtyping (e.g., reactive/endogenous) based on life events.
The role of human 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) in carcinogenesis - a question of canonical and non-canonical functions
Authors: Kahnt Astrid S. , Häfner Ann-Kathrin , Steinhilber Dieter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), a fatty acid oxygenase, is the central enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, potent arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators released by innate immune cells, that control inflammatory and allergic responses. In addition, through interaction with 12- and 15-lipoxgenases, the enzyme is involved in the formation of omega-3 fatty acid-based oxylipins, which are thought to be involved in the resolution of inflammation. The expression of 5-LO is frequently deregulated in solid and liquid tumors, and there is strong evidence that the enzyme plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, global inhibition of LT formation and signaling has not yet shown the desired success in clinical trials. Curiously, the release of 5-LO-derived lipid mediators from tumor cells is often low, and the exact mechanism by which 5-LO influences tumor cell function is poorly understood. Recent data now show that in addition to releasing oxylipins, 5-LO can also influence gene expression in a lipid mediator-independent manner. These non-canonical functions, including modulation of miRNA processing and transcription factor shuttling, most likely influence cancer cell function and the tumor microenvironment and might explain the low clinical efficacy of pharmacological strategies that previously only targeted oxylipin formation and signaling by 5-LO. This review summarizes the canonical and non-canonical functions of 5-LO with a particular focus on tumorigenesis, highlights unresolved issues, and suggests future research directions.
Validity and reliability study of a novel surface electromyography sensor using a well-consolidated electromyography system in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Jayaraman Chandrasekaran , Mummidisetty Chaithanya Krishna , Jayaraman Arun , Pfleeger Kimberly , Jacobson Michelle , Ceruolo Melissa , Sen-Gupta Ellora , Caccese James , Chen David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Study design
Non-interventional, cross-sectional pilot study.

Objectives
To establish the validity and reliability of the BioStamp nPoint biosensor (Medidata Solutions, New York, NY, USA [formerly MC10, Inc.]) for measuring electromyography in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) by comparing the surface electromyography (sEMG) metrics with the Trigno wireless electromyography system (Delsys, Natick, MA, USA).

Setting
Participants were recruited from the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab registry.

Methods
Individuals aged 18–70 years with cervical SCI were evaluated with the two biosensors to capture activity on upper-extremity muscles during two study sessions conducted over 2 days (day 1–consent alone; day 2–two data collections in same session). Time and frequency metrics were captured, and signal-to-noise ratio was determined for each muscle group. Test-retest reliability was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Validation of the BioStamp nPoint system was based on Bland-Altmann analysis.

Results
Among the 11 participants, 30.8% had subacute cervical injury at C5–C6; 53.8% were injured within 1 year of the study. Results from the test-retest reliability assessment revealed that most Pearson’s correlations between the two sensory measurements were strong (≥0.50). The Bland-Altman analysis found values of the signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, and peak amplitude were within the level of agreement. Signal-to-noise ratios ranged from 7.06 to 22.1.

Conclusions
In most instances, the performance of the BioStamp nPoint sensors was moderately to strongly correlated with that of the Trigno sensors in all muscle groups tested. The BioStamp nPoint system is a valid and reliable approach to assess sEMG measures in individuals with cervical SCI.

Sponsorship
The present study was supported by AbbVie Inc.