bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelofibrosis‐osteosclerosis syndrome associated with erythroid hypoplasia in a dog
Authors: DUNN J. K. , DOIGE C. E. , SEARCY G. P. , TAMKE P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of myelofibrosis‐osteosclerosis syndrome associated with hypoplasia of bone marrow erythroid precursors (pure red cell aplasia) is described in an eight‐year‐old spayed bitch. Diagnosis required histo‐pathological examination of an excised rib since bone marrow aspirates were repeatedly unsuccessful.The disease was characterized by a normocytic, normochromic, non‐regenerative anaemia and numerous, large circulating platelets. White blood cell and platelet counts were normal throughout the course of the dog's illness. Treatment, consisting of whole blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs and anabolic steroids, resulted in prolonged clinical remission on two occasions. The authors suggest that myelofibrosis may have occurred as a sequel to immune‐mediated destruction of erythroid precursors.
Reptiles encountered in practice: a survey of two hundred and forty cases
Authors: PHILLIPS I. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical findings and treatment of 240 cases involving chelonians, lizards and snakes are described. The diseases most commonly encountered were necrotic stomatitis, rhinopneumonitis, subcutaneous abscesses, infectious dermal ulceration, parasitism, metabolic bone disease and vitamin A deficiency. Poor management and environmental inadequacies were contributary factors to many of the conditions observed.
The radiological features of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity and frontal sinuses in the dog
Authors: SULLIVAN M. , LEE R. , JAKOVLJEVIC S. , SHARP N. J. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe films of 45 cases of canine nasal aspergillosis were reviewed. The intra‐oral dorso‐ventral view of the nasal cavity and rostro‐caudal view of the frontal sinuses were found to be most informative. The main radiological features of aspergillosis were turbinate loss with punctate lucencies of the supporting bones, increased radiolucency rostrally and a mixed density pattern caudally on the intra‐oral view. On the rostro‐caudal view, frontal sinus opacity, thickening and mottling of the frontal bone were found.
Lesions resembling osteochondromatosis in two cats
Authors: HUBLER MADELEINE , JOHNSON K. A. , BURLING R. T. , FRANCIS D. F. , RATCLIFFE R. C. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiographic features of two cats with osseous lesions in the elbow and stifle joints which were suggestive of feline osteochondromatosis and synovial osteochondromatosis are reported. Reference is made to previous reports in the veterinary literature and the conditions are compared with similar diseases in man and dogs.
Anti‐endotoxin immunotherapy for canine parvovirus endotoxaemia
Authors: WESSELS B. C. , GAFFIN S. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe morbidity and mortality associated with canine parvovirus disease (CPV) is caused, in part, by endotoxin (LPS). Equine anti‐endotoxin hyperimmune plasma (Anti‐LPS) was administered to 89 CPV patients in addition to conventional therapy. In Anti‐LPS treated CPV patients mortality was lower (16‐8 per cent, 15/89) than in controls that received conventional therapy alone (66‐7 per cent, 24/36, P < 0–0005). The hospitalization period of survivors was reduced from 8‐5 ± 4‐0 days (controls) to 5‐2 ± 2‐0 days (Anti‐LPS treated group). These results suggest that an anti‐endotoxin specific therapy should be incorporated into the treatment regimen of CPV, and possibly, other canine enteric disorders, known to produce endotoxaemia.
Pseudopregnancy in the bitch: the current view on aetiology and treatment
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe meaning of the word pseudopregnancy, as applied to the bitch, is discussed. Review of the literature shows that there is no evidence to support the theory that pseudopregnancy is caused by excess or persistent progesterone production. The condition is closely related to prolactin release from the pituitary gland, and can be treated using a prolactin inhibiting drug, bromocriptine
A case of mannosidosis in the cat: clinical and histopathological findings
Authors: BLAKEMORE W. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of feline mannosidosis is described. The animal was very small for its age (nine months) and showed skeletal defects and severe neurological signs which were first recognized at seven months of age. There was extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation of cells in visceral organs and in the nervous system. The vacuoles were usually empty. This case of mannosidosis in the cat most closely resembles the severe human variant of this disease rather than the bovine disease.
The diagnosis and management of paraprostatic and prostatic retention cysts in the dog
Authors: WHITE R. A. S. , HERRTAGE M. E. , DENNIS RUTH 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEleven dogs were diagnosed as having solitary or multiple prostatic cysts in an abdominal, pelvic or perineal position. Common presenting signs included urinary dysfunction, faecal tenesmus and abdominal distension. Cystography was found to be the most consistently accurate technique for differentiating the cysts from the bladder and other abdominal soft tissue masses whilst urethrography often highlighted their prostatic origin.Complete surgical resection of the cysts was attempted in nine dogs, the complexity of dissection being dictated by cyst size and the extent of adhesions to adjacent organs. Nine dogs were castrated. Urinary incontinence continued post‐operatively in four dogs but later resolved in three of these. Seven dogs were alive and symptom‐free over post‐operative periods ranging from one to three years.Despite some of its technical difficulties, surgical excision appears to be a successful approach to even the larger prostatic cysts. Few of the post‐operative complications associated with other surgical procedures described for the management of cysts were encountered.
The radiological features of sixty cases of intra‐nasal neoplasia in the dog
Authors: SULLIVAN M. , LEE R. , SKAE C.A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe radiographs of 60 cases of canine nasal neoplasia were reviewed. The dorso‐ventral intra‐oral view provided most information and the lateral view supplied supplementary detail. The most common changes were turbinate destruction rostrally and caudally, with a homogenous increase in radiopacity. Bilateral involvement was present in 38 cases. Absence (26) and thinning (7) of the vomer bone were found, as was deviation of the cartilaginous septum (11). Destruction of the maxilla or palatine bones produced radiolucencies which were superimposed on the increased radio‐opacity in 17 cases.
Magnetic resonance imaging in two dogs with central nervous system disease
Authors: PANCIERA DAVID L. , DUNCAN IAN D. , MESSING ALBEE , RUSH JOHN E. , TURSKI PATRICK A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAccurate localization of the lesions in two dogs with progressive neurological disease was demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first dog had unilateral cerebellar signs with associated paradoxical vestibular symptoms. The CSF tap and clinical localization suggested a right‐sided cerebellar tumour and this was confirmed with MRI scanning. The second dog had predominantly asymmetrical fore‐brain signs with circling, personality changes, seizures and contralateral proprioceptive deficits. CSF analysis suggested an inflammatory or neoplastic condition. MRI showed a diffuse oedematous lesion of the left cerebral hemisphere which corresponded exactly with the lesions seen at necropsy. The advantages of MRI over CT scans are discussed.
Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre‐corneal tear film. 1. The normal tear film of the dog
Authors: CARRINGTON S. D. , BEDFORD P. G. C. , GUILLON J.‐P. , WOODWARD E. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPolarized light biomicroscopy was used to examine the normal pre‐corneal tear film in 25 dogs. Blink rates were also determined. The normal range of surface morphology of the canine tear film was established. Three categories of surface patterning of the lipid layer of the tear film were identified. These were: (a) a wave‐like pattern, (b) a pattern of irregular islets, and (c) a pattern resembling the polished surface of granite. All three patterns may occur in the same eye. The inter‐blink thickness of the lipid layer of the pre‐corneal tear film varied between 0·013 μm (the minimum thickness discernable by this method) and over 0·581 μm (the maximum thickness at which coloured interference fringes are clearly defined) in localized areas. The mean total blink rate was 14·2/min. Overall, incomplete blinks constituted approximately 66 per cent of the total blink rate, but the ratio of complete to incomplete blinks varied considerably between animals. By dividing the dogs into thick and thin lipid layer groupings, it was possible to demonstrate a statistically greater rate of complete blinks (P < 0·05, Mann‐Whitney U test) in animals with a thinner lipid layer. The applicability of polarized light biomicroscopy to veterinary clinical ophthalmology is discussed.
Evaluation of radiographic liver size in twenty‐seven normal deep‐chested dogs
Authors: BREE H. VAN , SACKX A. 
Published: April 2008

abstractRadiographic liver size was established in 27 clinically normal deep‐chested dogs. In addition, the influence on radiographic liver size of technical factors such as positioning, respiratory phase and position of the central X‐ray beam was evaluated. Exact measurement was complicated by two facts. First, the outline of the ventral and caudoventral borders of the liver shadow was not clearly delineated in all dogs. Secondly, in some dogs merging of the silhouettes of liver and spleen was present. As a result in only 14 out of 27 dogs used for this study could exact measurements be made.In this group of deep‐chested dogs, the liver shadow was better delineated in left lateral recumbency. In left lateral recumbency less merging of the silhouettes of liver and spleen was noticed. Normal radiographic liver length measured on right lateral views made on expiration and expressed as a ratio to the length of the 11 th thoracic vertebra varied between 4·8 and 7·8 with a mean and standard deviation of 6·1 ± 0·8. The length of the liver tip protruding behind the curve of the 12th rib varied between ‐0·5 and 1·7 with a mean and standard deviation of 0·6 ± 0.7. This great variability in radiographic liver size between normal dogs of the same thoracic conformnation makes it rather difficult to diagnose hepatomegaly in individual cases.No difference in radiographic liver size of statistical significance could be found between right and left lateral recumbency. The respiratory phase during which the radiograph was made was the only factor causing a difference of statistical significance in radiographic liver size. In all dogs the length of the liver tip protruding behind the costal arch was longer on the view made during inspiration.
Immune‐based non‐erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog. 1. Canine systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: BENNETT DAVID 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe features of 13 dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are described. Canine SLE is a multisystemic disease characterized by autoimmunity and immune complex hypersensitivity. The presence of antinuclear antibody in the blood is an important diagnostic feature. All 13 cases had a non‐erosive symmetrical polyarthritis. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was seen in five cases, thrombocytopenia in three, skin lesions in four; neurological involvement in one; and gastrointestinal signs in one. Treatment was with cytotoxic drugs(cyclophosphamide initially) and prednisolone.
Immune‐based non‐erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog. 2. Polyarthritis/polymyositis syndrome
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , KELLY D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA connective tissue disorder characterized by non‐erosive polyarthritis and polymyositis has been identified in six young adult dogs. The diagnosis was based on the clinical features of stiffness, joint swelling, joint pain, muscle atrophy, muscle pain and contracture and the presence of chronic active inflammation in biopsies of muscle and synovium. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was excluded by the absence of circulating antinuclear antibody. Five of the six dogs were of the spaniel breeds. Treatment was with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. Only two dogs made an apparent recovery.
Antimuscarinic premedication in canine anaesthesia: a comparison of atropine, hyoscine and glycopyrrolate
Authors: WATNEY G. C. G. , CHAMBERS J. P. , WATKINS S. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAnticholinergic drugs are commonly given as preanaesthetic medication to reduce secretions and bradycardia. In this trial, clinical cases were given atropine, hyoscine or glycopyrrolate on a logarithmic dose scale. Another group was not given any anticholinergic agent. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with halothane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. All the anticholinergic drugs decreased salivation although there was also a small fall in salivation in the control group. Pulse rates rose on induction and fell over the course of anaesthesia in the control group but the mean pulse rates did not fall below the normal range. Atropine and hyoscine produced a tachycardia followed by a fall in pulse rate similar to the control group during anaesthesia. Glycopyrrolate maintained the pulse at the same level throughout. In view of the disadvantages of tachycardia, glycopyrrolate is probably the anticholinergic agent of choice when such a drug is indicated.
Immune‐based erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog: canine rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: BENNETT DAVID 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe features of 30 cases of canine rheumatoid arthritis are described. The disease is a chronic symmetrical polyarthritis characterized by erosive, destructive changes within the joint. The latter can be identified on radiographs by loss of mineral, the presence of discrete erosions or an irregular joint margin. Increased periarticular soft tissue is common and periosteal new bone is not unusual. The most obvious clinical feature is generalized stiffness particularly after rest. Joints are often thickened and painful on manipulation. A third of cases present with pyrexia, lethargy and inappetence in addition to lameness. Synovial fluid evaluation shows an increased number of white cells, most of which are polymorphs; the mucin clot is poor. The ESR is generally increased and rheumatoid factor (an antiglobulin auto‐antibody) is present in 73 per cent of cases. Treatment is often unrewarding, although many dogs can cope for considerable periods of time.
Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre‐corneal tear film. 3. The normal tear film of the cat
Authors: CARRINGTON S. D. , BEDFORD P. G. C. , GUILLON J.‐P. , WOODWARD E. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPolarized light biomicroscopy was used to examine the pre‐corneal tear film in 14 normal cats. Blink rates were also determined. The normal range of surface morphology of the feline tear film was established. Two principal categories of surface patterning of the lipid layer of the tear film were identified. These occurred in all eyes examined and were: (a) a wave‐like pattern, and (b) a pattern of variable character resembling the polished surface of granite. Over most of the area of the tear film, the thickness of its lipid layer between blinks was under 0·089 μm in all cats examined. However, narrow streaks of thicker lipid (up to 0·511 μm) were occasionally observed. The mean total blink rate was 2·4/min. Overall, incomplete blinks constituted approximately 50 per cent of the total blink rate. The tear film of the cat is compared with that of man and the dog.
Clinical hip dysplasia in growing dogs: the long‐term results of conservative management
Authors: BARR A. R. S. , DENNY H. R. , GIBBS C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe long‐term results of conservative management in 68 immature dogs with clinical and radiographic evidence of hip dysplasia are described. Seventy‐six per cent of the dogs had minimal gait abnormalities despite radiological evidence of moderate or severe osteoarthrosis.
‘Simultaneous' urethral pressure profilometry: Comparisons between continent and incontinent bitches
Authors: HOLT P. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT‘Simultaneous’ urethral pressure profilometry using microtip pressure transducer catheters was evaluated as an aid to the diagnosis of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence by means of comparisons between 50 continent and 50 incontinent anaesthetised bitches. Highly significant differences were detected and the technique was found to have considerable potential as a diagnostic aid.
Medial epicondylar spur associated with lameness in dogs
Authors: MAY C. , BENNETT D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn four dogs with forelimb lameness a bony exostosis had developed near the caudal edge of the superficial digital flexor muscle on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The aetiology possibly involves a traumatic enthesopathy. Surgical resection of the exostoses resolved the lameness.
Metastatic pattern in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma: Clinical implications
Authors: WATERS D. J. , CAYWOOD D. D. , HAYDEN D. W. , KLAUSNER J. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective study was undertaken to characterise the biological behaviour of splenic haemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs. Metastatic pattern data for 25 dogs with splenic HSA that were presented for clinical signs relating to splenic lesions (eg, abdominal mass and, or, haemoperitoneum) and had undergone necropsy were analysed. Six of 25 dogs with splenic HSA that were presented for abdominal mass/haemoperitoneum had right atrial HSA. Fifteen of 19 (79 per cent dogs) with splenic HSA associated with abdominal mass/hemoperitoneum without right atrial involvement had disease confined to the peritoneal cavity. The most common metastatic sites in these dogs were liver, omentum and mesentery. Extraperitoneal metastases were seen in four of 19 (21 per cent) dogs without right atrial involvement. Analysis of signalment data of dogs in this series and the literature revealed no differences between dogs with disease confined to the peritoneal cavity and dogs with extraperitoneal metastases. The subjectivity of primary site designation, importance of ante mortem identification of individuals with concurrent right atrial involvement, and need for more aggressive therapy directed at intraperitoneal metastases are discussed.
Fucosidosis in English springer spaniels: Results of a trial screening programme
Authors: BARKER C. G. , HERRTAGE M. E. , SHANAHAN F. , WINCHESTER B. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA trial screening programme for the fucosidosis trait, based on measurement of the enzyme α‐L‐fucosidase in plasma and leucocytes, has been carried out among pedigree English springer spaniels in the United Kingdom. The results show that the disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and that the underlying genetic defect is prevalent in several pedigree lines. The enzymic test can confirm the diagnosis of the disorder in affected dogs showing clinical signs and can detect affected dogs before clinical signs are observed. Carriers can also be detected but the genetic status of some animals cannot be determined by this enzymic test because there is overlap between the enzyme levels in normal and heterozygous animals. An extensive pedigree incorporating the results of this trial has been constructed to illustrate the path of inheritance and to help identify carriers of the disorder.
Lateral spinal decompression in the dog: A review of 39 cases
Authors: BLACK A. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLateral spinal decompression was performed in 39 dogs. Twenty‐seven (67‐5 per cent) showed significant neurological improvement within 72 hours of surgery. All 36 dogs included in the long term follow up walked or were pain free in an average time of two to two‐and‐a‐half weeks.
Darier's sign associated with a cutaneous mast cell tumour in a cat with multiple neoplasms
Authors: MACY D. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA cutaneous mast cell tumour associated with Darier's sign in a cat with multiple neoplasms is described. A 14‐year‐old cat with multiple neoplasms, one of which was a mast cell tumour developed marked subcutaneous oedema and erythema following palpation. The phenomenon is similar to Darier's sign described in people with mast cell tumours. The pathology of the Darier's sign is discussed.
Pharyngeal stick penetration injuries in the dog
Authors: White R. A. S. , Lane J. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSixty‐five dogs were examined and treated for stick penetration wounds of the pharynx. Dysphagia, pain, pyrexia and local cellulitis were common presenting signs amongst recently injured dogs. Injuries involving the oesophagus resulted in subcutaneous emphysema and dyspnoea associated with pneumomediastinum. Longstanding wounds presented with discharging sinuses of the head, neck or cranial thoracic region.Wooden foreign bodies were recovered from 37 dogs (57 per cent) with subsequent resolution of their clinical signs. No foreign body was retrieved from a further 18 dogs (28 per cent) but their clinical signs resolved after appropriate wound management. Four dogs (6 per cent) died shortly after the injury from major oesophageal tears which allowed mediastinal contamination. Six dogs (9 per cent) had no foreign body recovered at surgery and the discharging sinuses persisthed.The need for vigorous management of the fresh injury in order to preclude the development of chronic complications is emphasised.
BSAVA EDUCATION COMMITTEE COMMISSIONED ARTICLE
Authors: ARNOCZKY STEVEN PAUL 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTInjury to the cruciate ligaments, especially the cranial cruciate ligament, is one of the most common clinical problems presented to the small animal veterinarian. While there have been many procedures described for the treatment of cruciate ligament rupture no unanimity exists as to which procedure is the best. Therefore, in order to select the reparative technique that might best serve an individual case, the veterinary clinician must be familiar with the anatomy, function, and mechanics of cruciate ligament injury as well as the principles of both extra‐articular and intra‐articular techniques. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of the cruciate ligaments.“Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is the most common injury in the stifle joint of the dog.”Paatsama 1952
Osteopetrosis in cats
Authors: KRAMERS P. , FLÜCKIGER M. A. , RAHN B. A. , CORDEY J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOsteopetrosis was found in two adult cats, radiographically characterised by a ‘marble bone’ appearance of the axial skeleton and of the subchondral bone of all joints, and endosteal thickening of the cortex of long bones. Computer tomography and histological assessment revealed massive endosteal lamellar bone formation. Bone resorption was still apparent, though only atypical mononuclear osteoclasts were seen. Histological findings support the assumption that the disorder was acquired. Severe anaemia was found in one cat. In the other, no clinical abnormalities were present. The condition appears to be different from feline leukaemia virus‐induced medullary osteosclerosis described by Hoover and Kociba (1974).
Polymyositis in two German wirehaired pointer littermates
Authors: PRESTHUS J. , LINDBOE C. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of polymyositis in German wirehaired pointer littermates are described. The seven‐month‐old dogs were presented with a history of acute vomiting, weakness and drooling from the mouth. Examination of the dogs disclosed muscle weakness, dysphagia, megaoesophagus, elevated serum muscle enzyme levels and abnormal electromyographic and muscle biopsy findings. Both dogs were treated with prednisolone and made a complete recovery. The dam, and two littermates, were also examined, but no signs of polymyositis were seen in these.