bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Last Glaciation and Ice-Dammed Lakes in the South-East Altai
Authors: Zolnikov I. D. , Novikov I. C. , Deev E. V. , Panin A. V. , Kurbanov R. N. 
Published: April 2024

Received June 8, 2023; revised September 4, 2023; accepted October 2, 2023The palaeogeographic scheme of the distribution of glaciers and ice-dammed lakes in the Altai during the last global glaciation (MIS-2) was compiled based on a detailed large-scale geomorphological survey. Analysis of geomorphological traces of glaciers of this time indicates that they occupied smaller areas than those of the first Late Pleistocene glaciation. By this means, the ice dams created by them were smaller that resulted in small sizes of ice-dammed lakes. The preserved levels of terraces indicate that during the first Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Kurai-Chuya depression system the ancient lake was the only one with a level of 2250 m and a total volume of 1.70 km3. During the second Late Pleistocene glaciation in the south-east Gorny Altai, another separate lake existed which was the Bartal-Kurai Lake with a level of 1700 m and a volume of 45 km3. This lake was dammed by the Mashey Glacier, which descended from the northern slopes of the North Chuaya Range. In the Chuya Depression, the existence of a landslide-dammed lake with a volume of 0.7 km3 and a level 1.750 m has been found. Its formation was not associated with glaciers of the MIS-2 stage. Direct dating of the last ice-dammed lake in the Chuya Depression with a level of 1950 m and a volume of 140 km3 has not yet been determined. This lake was dammed by the Kuehtanar Glacier, which descended from the southern slope of the Kurai ridge. The volume of ice-dammed waters of the MIS-2 time was an order of magnitude smaller than it was in the first Late Quaternary glaciation. This explains the much lower intensity of erosive and accumulative processes associated with the mega-flood occurred due to the breakthrough of the lakes during MIS-2.
Pertumbuhan Diameter, Ketebalan dan Bobot Buah Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Akibat Pemberian Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Daun Growmore
Authors: Tripama Bagus , Jalil Abdul , Wahyudi Ferdian A. , Wahyudi Andri , Ananda Pio T. 
Published: April 2024

Melon has high potential and economic value and has been developed in various fields such as plant breeding, cultivation technology, and the creation of new varieties. Proper cultivation and maintenance techniques are one of the efforts to increase melon crop production through fertilizing with the right type of fertilizer and dosage and concentration. Information on the use of NPK fertilizer and Growmore Fertilizer to increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of melon fruit has not been found. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of melon fruit. This research was expected to get a better diameter, thickness, and weight of melon. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Muhammadiyah University of Jember. Research implementation began in January 2023 with an altitude of ± 98 m asl. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors and three replications, namely: NPK fertilizer: P0 = 0 g/plant (control), P1 = 600 kg/ha (15 g/plant), P2 = 800 kg/ha (20 g /plant). Growmore leaf ertilizer N0 = 0 g/l (control), N1 = 3 g/l, N2 = 4 g/l (125 ml/plant). Observational variables consisted of: planted fruit weight (kg), fruit weight per plot (kg), fruit diameter (mm), and flesh thickness (mm). In the variables of planting fruit weight and fruit weight per treatment plot that gave the highest yields were P1 with yields of 1.14 kg and 7.52 kg, N2 with yields of 1.09 kg and 6.68 kg, and P1N2 interactions gave the highest yields of 1 .28 kg and 8.20 kg. The variable diameter of the treated fruit that gave the highest yield was P1 with a yield of (24.30 mm) N2 with a yield of (23.09 mm and the P1N2 interaction gave the highest yield of 127.89 mm. On the variable thickness of the treated fruit, the highest yield was P2 with a yield of (5.47 mm, N2 with a yield of (4.61 mm), and P1N2 interaction gave the highest yield of 38.00 mm.
Key words: diameter; thickness; melon fruit; NPK; growmore
Genre-style dynamics of saxophone quartet in the world music culture of the 19th-20th centuries
Authors: Paliichuk Iryna , Du Bohao 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the proposed article is to highlight the genre and style dynamics of the saxophone quartet in the world musical culture of the 19th and 20th centuries. The research methodology is based on the use of the following methods: historical – when outlining the genesis and evolution of the saxophone quartet genre; analytical and typological – when identifying the immanent features of specific works of the analysed genre and combining them into appropriate typological groups; general cultural – when reproducing the historical and stylistic context of the development of the genre (in the unity of compositional and performing components). The scientific novelty of the work consists in a panoramic study of the evolutionary process of the saxophone quartet genre in the world musical culture of the 19th-20th centuries, outlining its periodization, and determining the genre-stylistic features of individual works of the analyzed genre. Conclusions. In the process of researching the evolution of the saxophone quartet genre in the world musical culture of the 19th and 20th centuries, its periodisation is proposed: the second half of the 19th century – forming a saxophone quartet; the first half of the 20th century – crystallisation, establishment of immanent features of the genre; the second half of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century – modification of the saxophone quartet genre – enrichment of its genre-stylistic features, typological types. On the basis of the analytical characteristics of individual saxophone quartets, it was concluded that the analysed genre reflects the leading stylistic trends in the development of European, and more broadly, world musical culture, such as the tendency towards programming (G. Bumke, J. France, J. Absil), neoclassicism (E. Bozza), the use of pointillistic technique and dodecaphony (A. Webern), the combination of modern musical language with jazz stylistics (A. Desenclo), minimalism and jazz (F. Glass).
Vocal and romance creativity of Ukrainian composers in the style dimensions of the Era: Mykhailo Skorulsky
Authors: Stakhevych Oleksandr 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to highlight the vocal-romance creativity of the outstanding Ukrainian composer of the first half of the 20th century Mykhailo Skorulskyi in the context of genre-style transformations and artistic challenges of the time. The methodological basis. A complex of scientific (theoretical and practical) methods is used to reveal the topic. To find out certain stages and features of the development of the romance genre in the work of M. Skorulskyi, biographical, historical-cultural and interdisciplinary methods were used. Providing a historically objective assessment of the composer’s chamber-vocal legacy became possible thanks to historical-comparative, systematic, axiological research methods. Establishing the specificity of the artist’s romance work was carried out with the help of music-theoretical analysis. Scientific novelty of the article. For the first time in Ukrainian musicology, the stylistic evolution of chamber-vocal genres in Ukrainian music of the first half of the 20th century was considered, using the example of Mykhailo Skorulskyi’s vocal-romance work. The stages are highlighted, the emotional and figurative sphere of the artist’s romance works is highlighted. Conclusions of the work. The stylistic transformations of M. Skorulskyi’s work as a composer in the genre of romance were determined both by the “internal” needs of the artist regarding the content, emotional content and figurative structure of the works, and by “external” – the influence of socio-political circumstances and ideological requirements of the Soviet culture of the 1920s and 1930s. The compositional evolution of M. Skorulskyi’s romance work reflects all stages of the development of the genre during the first half of the 20th century: from the subjectivist lyrics of the beginning of the century, through the heroic-revolutionary motifs of the 1920s and early 1930s, to nostalgic feelings and patriotic sentiments during the Second World War.
Semantic Expansion in Arabic Language Textbooks for the Preparatory Stage
Authors: Dakhil Dr. Ali Abd 
Published: April 2024

This research aims to identify “Semantic Expansion in Arabic Language Textbooks for the Preparatory Stage.” The researcher used a descriptive approach and content analysis method to achieve the research goal, as they are suitable for the purpose of the study. The research population and sample included exercises, drills, and activities from Arabic language textbooks for the preparatory stage.
After reviewing sources related to his research topic, the researcher prepared patterns for semantic expansion, which included 15 patterns distributed across four main types. The first type included patterns related to “semantic expansion through semantic relationships between words,” consisting of 5 patterns. The second type included patterns of “morphological semantic expansion,” with 4 patterns. The third type included patterns of “grammatical semantic expansion,” also with 5 patterns. The fourth type included a pattern of “symbolic semantic expansion,” which is a primary pattern only. To verify their validity, they were presented to judges and specialists in the Arabic language, teaching methods, and in measurement and evaluation, and received an approval rate of 89% from the judges’ opinions. Then, the researcher analyzed the Arabic language textbooks for the preparatory stage in light of these patterns and extracted the stability of the analysis using the time-agreement method and G. Cooper’s equation, achieving a reliability coefficient of 100% in all books.
The researcher relied on frequency as a unit of enumeration, using percentages and then a five-point scale to determine the weight of each pattern. The research results showed that all patterns of semantic expansion in Arabic language textbooks for the preparatory stage are not available (weak). The researcher concluded that the designers of the Arabic language curricula for the preparatory stage had neglected the semantic aspect and its expansion, which is the basis of communication among members of human societies and the foundation of advancement and prosperity; thus, it is the pulsating heart of linguistics. The ultimate goal of phonetic, morphological, and syntactic (grammatical) studies is to clarify meaning and remove ambiguity. This neglect is one of the main reasons for students’ weakness in reading comprehension and expressive performance. The researcher recommended the importance of including exercises, drills, and activities in Arabic language curricula that train students on how to expand semantically, so as not to limit their ability to express their ideas. It was suggested to build educational-training programs based on patterns of semantic expansion for teachers and students of the preparatory stage; as semantic expansion opens up horizons for students in choosing different words and linguistic structures to express their inner thoughts with ease and simplicity.
Vaporization of perfluorocarbon attenuates sea-water-drowning-induced acute lung injury by deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasomes in canines
Authors: Su Cheng-Cheng , Zhang Zhao-Rui , Liu Jin-Xia , Meng Ji-Guang , Ma Xiu-Qing , Mo Zhen-Fei , Ren Jia-Bo , Liang Zhi-Xin , Yang Zhen , Li Chun-Sun , Chen Liang-An 
Published: April 2024

Seawater-drowning-induced acute lung injury (SD-ALI) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by increased alveolar–capillary permeability, an excessive inflammatory response, and refractory hypoxemia. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are biocompatible compounds that are chemically and biologically inert and lack toxicity as oxygen carriers, which could reduce lung injury in vitro and in vivo. The aim of our study was to explore whether the vaporization of PFCs could reduce the severity of SD-ALI in canines and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Eighteen beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups: the seawater drowning (SW), perfluorocarbon (PFC), and control groups. The dogs in the SW group were intratracheally administered seawater to establish the animal model. The dogs in the PFC group were treated with vaporized PFCs. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) was performed at 3 h. The blood gas, volume air index (VAI), pathological changes, and wet-to-dry (W/D) lung tissue ratios were assessed. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes was determined by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunological histological chemistry. The SW group showed higher lung injury scores and W/D ratios, and lower VAI compared to the control group, and treatment with PFCs could reverse the change of lung injury score, W/D ratio and VAI. PFCs deactivated NLRP3 inflammasomes and reduced the release of caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by enhancing the expression of HO-1 and NRF1. Our results suggest that the vaporization of PFCs could attenuate SD-ALI by deactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes via the HO-1/NRF1 pathway.
Evaluation of osteogenic properties of a novel injectable bone-repair material containing strontium in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Lishuang , Hou Sha , Xu Guangya , Gao Jingjing , Mu Junyu , Gao Min , He Jianrong , Su Xiaoyu , Yang Zheng , Liu Yi , Chen Tengzhuo , Dong Zhihong , Cheng Lijia , Shi Zheng 
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a novel injectable strontium-doped hydroxyapatite bone-repair material.Methods: The properties of strontium-doped hydroxyapatite/chitosan (Sr-HA/CS), hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) and calcium phosphate/chitosan (CAP/CS) were assessed following their preparation via physical cross-linking and a one-step simplified method. Petri dishes containing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were inoculated with the material for in vitro investigations. The material was also co-cultured with stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), to assess the morphology and proliferation capability of the SHEDs, Calcein-AM staining and the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay were employed. Osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs was determined using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red staining. For in vivo studies, Sr-HA/CS was implanted into the muscle pouch of mice and in a rat model of ovariectomy-induced femoral defects. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to determine the extent of bone formation and defect healing. The formation of new bone was determined using Masson’s trichrome staining. The osteogenic mechanism of the material was investigated using Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemical studies.Results: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that strontium was successfully doped into HA. The Sr-HA/CS material can be uniformly squeezed using a syringe with a 13% swelling rate. Sr-HA/CS had a significant antibacterial effect against both E. coli and S. epidermidis (p &lt; 0.05), with a stronger effect observed against E. coli. The Sr-HA/CS significantly improved cell proliferation and cell viability in vitro studies (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to CAP/CS and CS, Sr-HA/CS generated a substantially greater new bone area during osteoinduction experiments (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.001). The Sr-HA/CS material demonstrated a significantly higher rate of bone repair in the bone defeat studies compared to the CAP/CS and CS materials (p &lt; 0.01). The OCN-positive area and TRAP-positive cells in Sr-HA/CS were greater than those in control groups (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: A novel injectable strontium-doped HA bone-repair material with good antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity was successfully prepared.
Assessing the maturity of alternative construction materials and their potential impact on embodied carbon for single-family homes in the American Midwest
Authors: Ranganath Sindhuja , McCord Stephen , Sick Volker 
Published: April 2024

This study presents a whole building life cycle assessment for a 265 m2 end-terrace home built in Michigan, United States. The study scrutinized the embodied carbon footprint of conventional construction materials, focusing on high-impact materials like concrete, steel, gypsum, paint, and insulation. Stages from raw material extraction to transportation and processing of the raw materials into finished products and transportation of finished products to the site are considered. The baseline materials contributed to approximately 28,450 kg CO2e, equivalent to 107.35 kg CO2e/m2. A notable reduction in the embodied carbon footprint, ranging from 19% to 39%, was observed by substituting with ‘like-for-like’ alternatives. However, the study highlighted challenges in shifting to low-embodied carbon materials, primarily due to limited market readiness and scalability of some eco-friendly options. The study also assessed the feasibility of these alternatives using the United States Department of Energy’s “Technology Readiness Level” framework, examining their current production capacity, estimating potential future demand, and identifying key development areas to meet net-zero carbon goals effectively. This comprehensive approach underscores the complexity of transitioning to low embodied-carbon building practices while balancing feasibility and environmental impact.
Development and validation of LCMM prediction algorithms to estimate recovery pattern of postoperative AKI in type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Wang Ya-peng , Tang Xinlong , Jiang Yi , Xue Yunxing , Wang Yali , Ding Qiuju , Chen Huimei , Wang Dongjin , Cheng YongQing , Ge Min , Zhou Qing 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPostoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a prevalent complication among patients with acute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) for which unrecognized trajectories of renal function recovery, and their heterogeneity, may underpin poor success in identifying effective therapies.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-center cohort study in a regional Great Vessel Center including patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) recovery trajectories of PO-AKI were defined through the unsupervised latent class mixture modeling (LCMM), with an assessment of patient and procedural characteristics, complications, and early-term survival. Internal validation was performed by resampling.ResultsA total of 1,295 aTAAD patients underwent surgery and 645 (49.8%) developed PO-AKI. Among the PO-AKI cohort, the LCMM identified two distinct eGFR trajectories: early recovery (ER-AKI, 51.8% of patients) and late or no recovery (LNR-AKI, 48.2% of patients). Binary logistic regression identified five critical determinants regarding poor renal recovery, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) history, renal hypoperfusion, circulation arrest time, intraoperative urine, and myoglobin. LNR-AKI was associated with increased mortality, continuous renal replacement therapies, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospital stay. The assessment of the predictive model was good, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69–0.76), sensitivity of 61.74%, and specificity of 75.15%. The internal validation derived a consistent average AUC of 0.73. The nomogram was constructed for clinicians' convenience.ConclusionOur study explored the PO-AKI recovery patterns among surgical aTAAD patients and identified critical determinants that help to predict individuals at risk of poor recovery of renal function.
The causal relationship between obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: a study based on mediated Mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Tianyu , Rong Li , Gao Yanlin , Cheng Wei 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that is associated with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Obesity and OSA may increase the risk of AF by affecting cardiovascular health.MethodsThe study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, combined with two-sample and multivariable analyses, to assess the relationships between obesity, OSA, and AF. The study utilized GWAS data and applied various statistical methods for the analysis.ResultsThe study found that obesity increased the risk of OSA, which in turn significantly increased the risk of AF. Through mediating MR analysis, it was found that OSA played a certain role in the causal relationship between obesity and AF, with about 6.4% of the risk of AF being mediated by OSA.ConclusionThis study highlights the relationships among obesity, OSA, and AF, providing useful guidance for future clinical researches.
Explore the value of carotid ultrasound radiomics nomogram in predicting ischemic stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Yusen , Kong Ying , Yan Yanhong , Hui Pinjing 
Published: April 2024

Background and objectiveType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with insulin resistance (IR) is prone to damage the vascular endothelial, leading to the formation of vulnerable carotid plaques and increasing ischemic stroke (IS) risk. The purpose of this study is to develop a nomogram model based on carotid ultrasound radiomics for predicting IS risk in T2DM patients.Methods198 T2DM patients were enrolled and separated into study and control groups based on IS history. After manually delineating carotid plaque region of interest (ROI) from images, radiomics features were identified and selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to calculate the radiomics score (RS). A combinatorial logistic machine learning model and nomograms were created using RS and clinical features like the triglyceride-glucose index. The three models were assessed using area under curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsPatients were divided into the training set and the testing set by the ratio of 0.7. 4 radiomics features were selected. RS and clinical variables were all statically significant in the training set and were used to create a combination model and a prediction nomogram. The combination model (radiomics + clinical nomogram) had the largest AUC in both the training set and the testing set (0.898 and 0.857), and DCA analysis showed that it had a higher overall net benefit compared to the other models.ConclusionsThis study created a carotid ultrasound radiomics machine-learning-based IS risk nomogram for T2DM patients with carotid plaques. Its diagnostic performance and clinical prediction capabilities enable accurate, convenient, and customized medical care.