bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of CLEAR algorithm on non‐orthogonal curvilinear co‐ordinates for solution of incompressible flow and heat transfer
Authors: Qu Z. G. , He Y. L. , Zhao C. Y. , Tao W. Q. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the CLEAR (coupled and linked equations algorithm revised) algorithm is extended to non‐orthogonal curvilinear collocated grids. The CLEAR algorithm does not introduce pressure correction in order to obtain an incompressible flow field which satisfies the mass conservation law. Rather, it improves the intermediate velocity by solving an improved pressure equation to make the algorithm fully implicit since there is no term omitted in the derivation process. In the extension of CLEAR algorithm from a staggered grid system in Cartesian coordinates to collocated grids in non‐orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, three important issues are appropriately treated so that the extended CLEAR can lead to a unique solution without oscillation of pressure field and with high robustness. These three issues are (1) solution independency on the under‐relaxation factor; (2) strong coupling between velocity and pressure; and (3) treatment of the cross pressure gradient terms. The flow and heat transfer problems in a rectangular enclosure with an internal eccentric circle and the flow in a lid‐driven inclined cavity are computed by using the extended CLEAR. The results show that the extended CLEAR can guarantee the solution independency on the under‐relaxation factor, the smoothness of pressure profile even at very small under‐relaxation factor and good robustness which leads to a converged solution for the small inclined angle of 5° only with 5‐point computational molecule while the extended SIMPLE‐series algorithm usually can get a converged solution for the inclined angle larger than 30° under the same condition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among veterans home elders in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Ku Yan‐Chiou , Liu Wen‐Chien , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundDepression in the elderly has become a serious health care issue worldwide. However, no studies have determined the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among a representative sample of veterans home elders in Taiwan.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among veterans home elders in eastern Taiwan.MethodElderly veterans (n = 947) were recruited from four veterans homes in eastern Taiwan.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive tendency was 35.5%. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that depressive status in this sample was significantly predicted by poorer functional status, dissatisfaction with living situation, poorer perceived health status, and lower education level.ConclusionsThe risk factors for depressive symptoms identified in this study need to be considered when assessing the health of elderly veterans. In addition, strategies to improve elderly veterans' perception of health status, physical function and living situation should be considered in interventions to reduce their depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder, depression and mortality in old age
Authors: Holwerda Tjalling J. , Schoevers Robert A. , Dekker Jack , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Jonker Cees , Beekman Aartjan T. F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe association between depression and an increased risk of death in elderly persons has been established in both clinical and community studies. Co‐occurrence of depression and generalized anxiety has been shown to represent more severe and more chronic psychopathology. However, little is known about the relation between generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety‐depression (generalized anxiety disorder and depression) and excess mortality in the elderly.ObjectiveTo investigate whether generalized anxiety and mixed anxiety‐depression are associated with mortality.MethodGeneralized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety‐depression and depression were assessed in 4051 older persons with a ten‐year follow‐up of community death registers. The mortality risk of generalized anxiety, depression and mixed anxiety‐depression was calculated after adjustment for demographic variables, physical illness, functional disabilities and social vulnerability.ResultsIn generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety‐depression no significant excess mortality was found. In depression a significant excess mortality was found in men [HR 1.44 (1.09–1.89)] but not in women [HR 1.04 (0.87–1.24)] after adjustment for the different variables.ConclusionsIn elderly persons depression increases the risk of death in men. Neither generalized anxiety nor mixed anxiety‐depression are associated with excess mortality. Generalized anxiety disorder may even predict less mortality in depressive elderly people. The relation between generalized anxiety disorder and its possibly protective effect on mortality has to be further explored. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of mean residence times of subsurface waters using seasonal variation in deuterium excess in a small headwater catchment in Japan
Authors: Kabeya Naoki , Katsuyama Masanori , Kawasaki Masatoshi , Ohte Nobuhito , Sugimoto Atsuko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe measured deuterium excess (d = δD − 8δ18O) in throughfall, groundwater, soil water, spring water, and stream water for 3 years in a small headwater catchment (Matsuzawa, 0·68 ha) in the Kiryu Experimental Watershed in Japan. The d value represents a kinetic effect produced when water evaporates. The d value of the throughfall showed a sinusoidal change (amplitude: 6·9‰ relative to Vienna standard mean ocean water (V‐SMOW)) derived from seasonal changes in the source of water vapour. The amplitude of this sinusoidal change was attenuated to 1·3–6·9‰ V‐SMOW in soil water, groundwater, spring water, and stream water. It is thought that these attenuations derive from hydrodynamic transport processes in the subsurface and mixing processes at an outflow point (stream or spring) or a well. The mean residence time (MRT) of water was estimated from d value variations using an exponential‐piston flow model and a dispersion model. MRTs for soil water were 0–5 months and were not necessarily proportional to the depth. This may imply the existence of bypass flow in the soil. Groundwater in the hillslope zone had short residence times, similar to those of the soil water. For groundwater in the saturated zone near the spring outflow point, the MRTs differed between shallow and deeper groundwater; shallow groundwater had a shorter residence time (5–8 months) than deeper groundwater (more than 9 months). The MRT of stream water (8–9 months) was between that of shallow groundwater near the spring and deeper groundwater near the spring. The seasonal variation in the d value of precipitation arises from changes in isotopic water vapour composition associated with seasonal activity of the Asian monsoon mechanism. The d value is probably an effective tracer for estimating the MRT of subsurface water not only in Japan, but also in other East Asian countries influenced by the Asian monsoon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sedimentation of salmonid spawning gravels in the Hampshire Avon catchment, UK: implications for the dissolved oxygen content of intragravel water and embryo survival
Authors: Heywood M. J. T. , Walling D. E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe accumulation of sediment within salmonid redd gravels can have a detrimental impact on the development of salmonid embryos; therefore, redd sedimentation represents a potential limiting factor for salmonid reproduction. The links between redd sedimentation, the dissolved oxygen content of intragravel water and salmonid embryo survival within the upper and middle parts of the Hampshire Avon catchment in southern England are explored. Measurements of surface and intragravel water quality and redd properties were undertaken for artificial redds constructed at known spawning sites. Salmonid embryos were also planted into artificial redds adjacent to the monitoring equipment. The rate of sedimentation of the newly cleaned redd gravels demonstrated a non‐linear decrease over time, which is attributed to a particle‐size‐selective depositional process. The results of the study confirm that low embryo survival and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in intragravel water can be attributed to the accumulation of sediment within the redd gravels. This was found to produce a reduction in redd permeability, which limited the interchange of surface and intragravel water and, therefore, the supply of dissolved oxygen to the intragravel environment. In view of the diminished status of salmonids within many of the UK's chalk rivers and streams, the results highlight the need for management initiatives aimed at reducing redd sedimentation and thereby optimizing salmonid embryo incubation success. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling floodplain sedimentation using particle tracking
Authors: Thonon Ivo , de Jong Kor , van der Perk Marcel , Middelkoop Hans 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBoth climate change and river rehabilitation projects induce changes in floodplain sedimentation. Notably along the lower River Rhine, the sediment deposition patterns and rates are subject to change. To assess the magnitude of these changes, we developed the MoCSED model, a floodplain sedimentation model within a geographical information system for the lower Rhine River. We based MoCSED on the ‘method of characteristics’ (MoC), a particle tracking method that minimizes numerical dispersion. We implemented the MoCSED model in the PCRaster dynamic modelling language. The model input comprises initial suspended sediment concentrations, water levels, flow velocities, and longitudinal and transverse dispersivities. We used a combination of the Krone and Chen concepts to calculate the subsequent sedimentation (SED routine). We compared the model results with sediment trap data for the Bemmel floodplain along the Dutch Waal River during the 2003 inundation. This comparison showed that MoCSED was able to simulate the pattern of sediment deposition. In addition, the model proved to be an improvement in comparison with a conventional raster‐based floodplain sedimentation model for the lower River Rhine. In future, MoCSED may serve well to study the impact of a changing discharge regime due to climate change and floodplain rehabilitation plans on deposition of sediments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural killer cells play a key role in the antitumor immunity generated by chaperone‐rich cell lysate vaccination
Authors: Zeng Yi , Chen Xinchun , Larmonier Nicolas , Larmonier Claire , Li Gang , Sepassi Marjan , Marron Marilyn , Andreansky Samita , Katsanis Emmanuel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTumor derived chaperone‐rich cell lysate (CRCL) when isolated from tumor tissues is a potent vaccine that contains at least 4 of the highly immunogenic heat shock proteins (HSP) such as HSP70, HSP90, glucose related protein 94 and calreticulin. We have previously documented that CRCL provides both a source of tumor antigens and danger signals triggering dendritic cell (DC) activation. Immunization with tumor derived CRCL elicits tumor‐specific T cell responses leading to tumor regression. In the current study, we further dissect the mechanisms by which CRCL simulates the immune system, and demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells are required for effective antitumor effects to take place. Our results illustrate that CRCL directly stimulates proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by NK cells, which may lead to activation and recruitment of macrophages at the tumor site. Thus, this report provides further insight into the function of CRCL as an immunostimulant against cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe pulmonary metastasis in obese and diabetic mice
Authors: Mori Akinori , Sakurai Hiroaki , Choo Min‐Kyung , Obi Ryosuke , Koizumi Keiichi , Yoshida Chiho , Shimada Yutaka , Saiki Ikuo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlthough obesity is known as a risk factor for several human cancers, the association of obesity with cancer recurrence and metastasis remains to be characterized. Here, B16‐BL6 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells were intravenously injected into diabetic (db/db) and obese (ob/ob) mice. The number of experimental lung colonies was markedly promoted in these mice when compared with C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, tumor growth at the implanted site was comparable when cells were inoculated orthotopically. The use of B16‐BL6 cells stably transfected with the luciferase gene revealed that the increased metastasis reflected a difference mainly within 6 hr after the intravenous inoculation of tumor cells. Administration of recombinant leptin in ob/ob mice abolished the increase in metastasis early on as well as the decrease in the splenic NK cell number. In addition, depletion of NK cells by an anti‐asialo‐GM1 antibody abrogated the enhanced metastasis in db/db mice. These results demonstrate that metastasis is markedly promoted in diabetic and obese mice mainly because of decreased NK cell function during the early phase of metastasis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased plasma DNA integrity index in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Wen , Zahurak Marianna , Goldenberg David , Milman Yelena , Park Hannah Lui , Westra William H. , Koch Wayne , Sidransky David , Califano Joseph 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAnalysis of the length of circulating DNA in plasma has been reported as a marker for solid tumor detection. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of increased plasma DNA length to identify patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and monitor posttreatment disease status. Fifty‐eight HNSCC patients with paired pre‐ and postoperative plasma and 47 plasma samples from control subjects were analyzed using quantitative PCR to determine plasma DNA integrity index. We found that the mean DNA integrity index was significantly greater in the plasma from HNSCC patients, 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.38), when compared to plasma from the control subjects, −2.24 (95% CI: −2.92, −1.56), p < 0.0001 using multivariate analysis. The optimal sensitivity (the value for which sensitivity equals specificity) was found at a plasma DNA integrity index of 0.82: sensitivity, 84.5%; specificity, 83%. However, there was no significant difference noted between pre‐ and postoperative DNA integrity index in plasma samples from HNSCC patients. This study shows that DNA integrity index in the plasma of the patients with HNSCC is increased in comparison with that in the plasma from non‐HNSCC control subjects. Lack of normalization of plasma DNA integrity index after surgical resection implies the persistence of a population of cells with an altered pattern of DNA degradation despite removal of malignancy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food groups and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter case‐control study in Italy
Authors: Talamini Renato , Polesel Jerry , Montella Maurizio , Maso Luigino Dal , Crispo Anna , Tommasi Luigi G. , Izzo Francesco , Crovatto Marina , Vecchia Carlo La , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe role of diet, except for alcohol drinking and aflatoxin contamination, in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. A hospital‐based case‐control study was conducted in Italy in 1999–2002, including 185 incident, histologically‐confirmed cases of HCC. Controls were 412 subjects admitted to hospitals for acute, nonneoplastic diseases unrelated to diet. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food‐frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using unconditional multiple logistic regression, adjusting for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection and alcohol drinking. Energy adjustment was carried out by means of the residual model. A significant inverse relation was found between intakes of milk and yoghurt (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13–0.61), white meats (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20–0.95), eggs (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14–0.69), and fruits (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.22–1.05) and HCC risk. The favourable effect of high intakes of milk and yoghurt, white meats, eggs and fruits was consistent across strata of HBV and HCV infections. The present study supports the hypothesis of a role of diet in HCC aetiology. Dietary modifications may be indicated in subjects at high‐risk for HCC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased risk of gastrointestinal lymphoma in carriers of the 657del5 NBS1 gene mutation
Authors: Steffen Jan , Maneva Galina , Popławska Lidia , Varon Raymonda , Mioduszewska Olga , Sperling Karl 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe NBS1 gene mutation, 657del5, frequent in the Slavic populations of Central Europe, is found in most patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), a recessive autosomal disorder with a very high incidence of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We have previously described 2 heterozygous 657del5 mutation carriers among 42 adult NHL probands from Central Poland. Here we report 6 additional carriers of the 657del5 mutation and 2 carriers of the pathogenic NBS1 R215W mutation, among 186 other NHL patients also from Central Poland. The 657del5 carrier frequency in the pooled group of these 228 patients was significantly higher than in population controls (OR 5.85, 95% CI: 2.29–15.00, p = 0.0001). Interestingly, 4 of these carriers were found among 37 patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma (OR 19.52, 95% CI: 5.82–65.42, p = 0.0002). These findings imply that heterozygous NBS1 germline mutations may contribute significantly to the overall incidence of NHL, especially of the gastrointestinal tract, in Central Europe. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive astrogliosis induces astrocytic differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro
Authors: Faijerson J. , Tinsley R.B. , Apricó K. , Thorsell A. , Nodin C. , Nilsson M. , Blomstrand F. , Eriksson P.S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNeural stem cells reside in defined areas of the adult mammalian brain, including the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Rat neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) isolated from this region retain their multipotency in vitro and in vivo after grafting into the adult brain. Recent studies have shown that endogenous or grafted NSPCs are activated after an injury and migrate toward lesioned areas. In these areas, reactive astrocytes are present and secrete numerous molecules and growth factors; however, it is not currently known whether reactive astrocytes can influence the lineage selection of NSPCs. We investigated whether reactive astrocytes could affect the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of adult NSPCs by modelling astrogliosis in vitro, using mechanical lesion of primary astrocytes. Initially, it was found that conditioned medium from lesioned astrocytes induced astrocytic differentiation of NSPCs without affecting neuronal or oligodendrocytic differentiation. In addition, NSPCs in coculture with lesioned astrocytes also displayed increased astrocytic differentiation and some of these NSPC‐derived astrocytes participated in glial scar formation in vitro. When proliferation and survival of NSPCs were analyzed, no differential effects were observed between lesioned and nonlesioned astrocytes. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the astrocyte‐inducing activity, the expression of two potent inducers of astroglial differentiation, ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor, was analyzed by Western blot and shown to be up‐regulated in conditioned medium from lesioned astrocytes. These results demonstrate that lesioned astrocytes can induce astroglial differentiation of NSPCs and provide a mechanism for astroglial differentiation of these cells following brain injury. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of stress and corticosterone on activity and plasticity in the amygdala
Authors: Kavushansky Alexandra , Richter‐Levin Gal 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe basolateral amygdala (BLA) has been repeatedly shown to mediate the effects of stress on memory‐related processes. However, the way in which stress influences BLA itself has not been fully explored. We studied the effects of stress and corticosterone (CORT) on activity and plasticity in the BLA in the rat, using the electrophysiological procedure of long‐term potentiation (LTP) induction in vivo. Rats were exposed to an acute elevated‐platform stress or administered vehicle or 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 25 mg/kg of CORT systemically, after which they were anesthetized and prepared for field potential recording in the BLA, in response to stimulation of the entorhinal cortex. The elevated platform stress enhanced baseline responses in BLA and plasma CORT but inhibited amygdalar LTP. Systemic injections of CORT enhanced baseline responses in BLA in a dose‐dependent manner but did not influence amygdalar LTP. Posttetanic potentiation (PTP) was similarly reduced in CORT‐ and vehicle‐injected groups, possibly because of an additional stress from the injection, thus implying that PTP and LTP in the amygdala differentially react to stress. These results suggest that the increase in amygdalar baseline activity following the exposure to stress may be mediated by the concomitant increase in plasma CORT. However, the suppression of amygdalar LTP is not a result of elevated levels of CORT, suggesting that activity and plasticity in the amygdala might be mediated by different mechanisms. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hesr1 knockout mice exhibit behavioral alterations through the dopaminergic nervous system
Authors: Fuke Satoshi , Minami Natsumi , Kokubo Hiroki , Yoshikawa Ayumu , Yasumatsu Hiroshi , Sasagawa Noboru , Saga Yumiko , Tsukahara Toshifumi , Ishiura Shoichi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcriptional factor Hesr1 gene (hairy and enhancer of split‐related 1, also called Hey1/HRT1/CHF2/HERP2) has been identified and characterized as a member of the subfamily of hairy/Enhancer of split, and shown to be involved in cardiovascular and neural development. We report that HESR1 binds directly to a part of the 3′ non‐coding region of the human dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene and represses the endogenous DAT1 gene in HEK293 cells. To investigate functions of the HESR1 gene in the dopaminergic nervous system in vivo, we analyzed the expressions of dopamine‐related genes in the postnatal day 0 whole brains of Hesr1 knockout mice by real‐time RT‐PCR analysis. Several dopamine‐related genes, such as DAT, dopamine receptors D1, D2, D4, and D5, were significantly upregulated. Moreover, young adults of Hesr1 knockout mice showed a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity and a reduction in exploratory behavior or behavioral responses to novelty in the open‐field, and elevated plus‐maze tests. These results indicate that the HESR1 gene is related to neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral traits through the dopaminergic nervous system. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.