bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic studies in the Fuirena pubescens complex (Cyperaceae) in Kenya
Authors: Muasya Abraham M. , Baquar S. R. 
Published: March 2008

Muasya. A. M. & Baauar, S. R. 1995. Taxonomic studies in the Fuirena pubescens complex (Cyperaceae) in Kenya. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 407–410. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Three taxa in the Fuirena pubescens complex were investigated morphologically, palynologically, and cytologically in order to determine their taxonomic identity and appropriate rank. The taxa differ in both morphology and chromosome number. The three former varieties, F. pubescens var. pubescens, var. major, and var. buchananii, are here recognised as distinct species, with var. major and var. buchananii being reinstated as F. pachyrrhiza and F. welwitschii, respectively. Fuirena pubescens and F. pachyrrhiza have terete spikelets and leaf blades more than 5 mm wide, but the former has a meiotic chromosome number of n=21 and white entire nutlets, while the latter has a chromosome number of n=24 and dark‐greenish tuberculate nutlets. Fuirena welwitschii is distinguished by having a 5‐angular spikelets, chromosome number n=40, and brownish tuberculate nutlets.
Mallomonas fuegiana (Synurophyceae), a new species of silica scaled chrysophytes from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Vigna M. S. , Kristiansen J. 
Published: March 2008

Vigna, M. S. & Kristiansen, J. 1995. Mallomonas fuegiana (Synurophyceae), a new species of silica scaled chrysophytes from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 439–442. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.During the research project “Cryptogamic Flora of Tierra del Fuego”, a new species of Mallomonas has been found. It is described here as M. fuegiana, and is placed in the section Torquatae, close to Mallomonas schwemmlii and M. dickii.
Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae)
Authors: Jacobsen Niels , von Bothmer Roland 
Published: March 2008

Jacobsen, N, & Bothmer, R. von, 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 449–458. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Hordeum murinum as circumscribed here comprises ssp. glaucum (2x), ssp. murinum (4x), and ssp. leporinum (4x, 6x). Previous taxonomical treatments are reviewed as well as the more recent approaches, viz. numerical and statistical analyses, investigations of isoenzymes, rDNA, cpDNA, meiotic analyses, and chromosome banding patterns. A formal nomenclatural treatment is presented.
Evidence for two distinctive species of Pseudorchis (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia.
Authors: Reinhammar Lars‐Gunnar 
Published: March 2008

Reinhammar, L.‐G. 1995. Evidence for two distinct species of Pseudorchis (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 469–481. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Nordic populations of Pseudorchis albida s.l. were studied for variation in morphological characters. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) arrange populations in two discrete groups, corresponding to P. albida S.S. and P. straminea, respectively. In principal component analysis (PCA) of the total material a small overlap could be seen. However, separate PCA:s on members of the two taxa from the same geographic region show perfect separation. Since the two taxa are distinct in morphology as well as in additional characters, e.g. habitat preference in the area of sympatry, they are best treated as separate species. The generic name Pseudorchis is considered to be validly published and is then preferred over the later Leucorchis. A lectotype is selected for Gymnadenia albida f. subalpina.
Phenotypic plasticity in alpine Erigeron species (Asteraceae)
Authors: Utelli Anna‐Barbara , Huber† Walter , Zopfi Hans‐Jakob 
Published: March 2008

Utelli, A.‐B., Huber, W. & Zopfi, H.‐J. 1995. Phenotypic plasticity in alpine Erigeron species (Asteraceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 483–492. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Twelve morphological characters were analysed in 67 E. alpinus, E. neglectus and E. uniflorus plants which had been transplanted from their natural habitat to the greenhouse. Mean values and standard deviations were compared for each species. The phenotypic plasticity of the characters resp. their genetic basis was estimated from the correlation of morphological data recorded on single individuals, each grown under both ecological conditions.A considerable phenotypic plasticity was found in all species and for most characters. E. unijlorus was the most constant species regarding taxonomically relevant characters such as pubescence of the basal leaves, number of flowering heads and number of filiform flowers. In all three species the same highly significant directional variation in plant height and involucre length was found which suggests that these characters have some genetic basis in Erigeron.
A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the Antilles and South America
Authors: Ståhl Bertil 
Published: March 2008

Stål, B. 1995. A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the Antilles and South America. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 493–511. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The genus Jacquinia in the Antilles and South America is revised. Twenty‐two native and one introduced species are recognised. In the Greater Antilles, 11 species (six endemic) occur in Cuba, eight in Hispaniola (two endemic), five in Jamaica (two endemic), and four in Puerto Rico (none endemic). Two species (none endemic) occur in the Lesser Antilles and five (four endemic) in South America. Eighteen species are native to the Antilles and of these one, J. arborea, is shared with Central America and one, J. amzillaris, is shared with South America. No species is shared between South and Central America. One new combination, J. frutescens, is made. Several species are illustrated and distribution maps for all species are presented. A key to the species in the Antilles and South America and an index to all combinations published in Jacquinia are provided.
Studies in the genus Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) in Ethiopia
Authors: Hedberg Olov 
Published: March 2008

Hedberg, O. 1995. Studies in the genus Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) in Ethiopia. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 15: 513–517. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.A case study is presented of a small critical group of Polycarpaea species in Ethiopia, comprising P. eriantha, P. corymbosa and P. linearifolia. Absence of clear discontinuities in individual features between the three species concerned invited the lumping of them, but studies of the integrated variation in several taxonomic features support their taxonomic independence.
The ecology and distribution of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum on Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Authors: Elvebakk Awe , Spjelkavik Sigmund 
Published: March 2008

Elvebakk, A. & Spjelkavik, S. 1995. The ecology and distribution of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum on Svalbard and Jan Mayen. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 541–552. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The distribution and ecology of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum has been studied on Svalbard and Jan Mayen, partly based on literature and herbarium data, and partly on local studies in the Kongsfjorden and Liefdefjorden areas. E. nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum is rare on Svalbard, where it is restricted to siliceous substrates, and is lacking from low temperature areas like mountains, the southern and eastern parts of Svalbard, the western and northern coastline, and from most of Nordaustlandet. The best climatic conditions for Empetrum seem to be offered by the lower part of a south facing mountain slope of Jan Mayen, an island where the effective temperature sum is relatively high due to a long growing season. In areas where Empetrum occurs on Svalbard the growing season is shorter and the effective temperature sum is generally lower. However, July temperatures are higher, and these and the occurrence of siliceous substrates seem to govern its potential area of distribution. The shorter Svalbard growing season only exceptionally permits sexual reproduction, but individuals are long‐lived and dendrochronological analysis of a 17 mm thick stem yielded an age of approximately 80 years. Locally, Empetrum is often concentrated to zonal habitats, like at southeast facing gneissic slopes and rock ledges at Liefdefjorden and a west facing sheltered mountain slope at Kongsfjorden.
Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora
Authors: Nordin A. , Sundin R. , Thor G. 
Published: March 2008

Nordin, A., Sundin, R. & Thor, G. 1995. Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 553–556. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Lecanora viridissima is described and L. navarrensis is reported from Sweden (Dals‐land, Sodermanland, Gotland, Oland, Smiland) and Estonia (Laanema, Saarema). The latter species is reported with apothecia from one locality in Sweden. Lecanora viridissima has not been found with apothecia or pycnidia but is placed in Lecanora due to its general habit and the presence of atranorin. It is distinguished by its morphology, chemistry and habitat. Lecanora viridissima has so far only been found on the island of Gotland in Sweden.
Association between hepatitis B/C viral infection, chronic kidney disease and insulin resistance in individuals undergoing general health screening
Authors: Ishizaka Nobukazu , Ishizaka Yuko , Seki George , Nagai Ryozo , Yamakado Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2008

Aim:  Previous studies have shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be associated with glomerulonephritis.Methods:  In the current study, we investigated the possible association between HBV/HCV infection, estimated GFR (eGFR) and albuminuria by analyzing cross‐sectional data from individuals undergoing general health screening.Results:  Of 12 535 individuals enrolled, 130 (1.0%) and 72 (0.6%) tested positive for HBV surface antigen and HCV core antigen, respectively. In comparison with hepatitis‐negative individuals, the prevalence of low eGFR and albuminuria was significantly greater in individuals with HCV infection, but not in those with HBV infection. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose showed that HCV infection was positively associated with low eGFR (odds ratio 1.63 [95% CI 0.95–2.80, P = 0.077] ) and with albuminuria (odds ratio 2.00 [95% CI 1.06–3.76, P = 0.003] ). By contrast, prevalence of neither low eGFR nor albuminuria was greater in individuals with HBV infection than in hepatitis‐negative subjects. Further adjustment for either HOMA‐IR or serum alanine aminotransferase levels abolished the statistical significance in the association between HCV infection and albuminuria.Conclusion:  Our data suggest that although both HCV and HBV infection are associated with increased insulin resistance, the different viruses may have different impacts on chronic kidney disease among Japanese individuals undergoing general health screening.
Biochemical Characterization of Metallo-β-Lactamase VIM-11 from a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clinical Strain
Authors: Marchiaro Patricia , Tomatis Pablo E. , Mussi María A. , Pasteran Fernando , Viale Alejandro M. , Limansky Adriana S. , Vila Alejandro J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT

A detailed biochemical characterization of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
VIM-11 metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) is reported. The only substitution differentiating VIM-11 from VIM-2 (N165S) promoted a slightly improved catalytic efficiency of the former on 3 out of 12 substrates, notably the bulky cephalosporins. Thus, MβL-mediated resistance also may be modulated by remote mutations.
Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Class D β-Lactamase from
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Authors: Doi Yohei , Poirel Laurent , Paterson David L. , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT

A chromosomally encoded class D β-lactamase, OXA-114, was characterized from
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
strain CIP69598. β-Lactamase OXA-114 shared 56% amino acid identity with the naturally occurring class D β-lactamase of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
and 42% identity with the acquired oxacillinases OXA-9 and OXA-18. OXA-114 has a narrow-spectrum hydrolysis profile, although it includes imipenem, at a very low level. PCR and sequencing revealed that
bla
OXA-114
-like genes were identified in all
A. xylosoxidans
strains tested (
n
= 5), indicating that this β-lactamase is naturally occurring in that species. Induction experiments with imipenem and cefoxitin did not show inducibility of
bla
OXA-114
expression.
Interactions of DB75, a Novel Antimalarial Agent, with Other Antimalarial Drugs In Vitro
Authors: Purfield Anne E. , Tidwell Richard R. , Meshnick Steven R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT
Pafuramidine is a novel orally active antimalarial. To identify a combination partner, we measured the in vitro antimalarial activities of the active metabolite, DB75, with amodiaquine, artemisinin, atovaquone, azithromycin, chloroquine, clindamycin, mefloquine, piperaquine, pyronaridine, tafenoquine, and tetracycline. None of the drugs tested demonstrated antagonistic or synergistic activity in combination with pafuramidine.
Antistreptococcal Activity of AR-709 Compared to That of Other Agents
Authors: Smith Kathy , Ednie Lois M. , Appelbaum Peter C. , Hawser Stephen , Lociuro Sergio 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT
Against 300 strains of pneumococci and 100 group A streptococci of differing β-lactam, macrolide, and quinolone resistance phenotypes, AR-709 was very active, with all MICs being ≤2 μg/ml. Furthermore, AR-709 was active against strains that were both susceptible and resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Bactericidal Antibody Responses Induced by Meningococcal Recombinant Chimeric Factor H-Binding Protein Vaccines
Authors: Beernink Peter T. , Granoff Dan M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT
Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is a novel meningococcal vaccine candidate that elicits serum antibodies that activate classical complement pathway bacteriolysis and also inhibit binding of the complement down-regulatory protein, factor H, to the bacterial surface. One limitation of fHbp as a vaccine candidate is antigenic variability, since antibodies to fHbp in the variant 1 (v.1) antigenic group do not protect against strains expressing v.2 or v.3 proteins, and vice versa. We have identified amino acid residues of epitopes recognized by bactericidal anti-fHbp monoclonal antibodies prepared against fHbp from each of the variant groups. One epitope expressed by nearly all v.1 proteins mapped to the B domain, while epitopes expressed by fHbp v.2 or v.3 mapped to the C domain. The results provided the rationale for engineering chimeric fHbp molecules containing the A domain (which is conserved across all variant groups), a portion of the B domain of a v.1 protein, and the carboxyl-terminal portion of the B domain and the C domain of a v.2 protein. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the resulting recombinant chimeric proteins expressed epitopes from all three variant groups. In mice, the chimeric vaccines elicited serum antibodies with bactericidal activity against a panel of genetically diverse strains expressing fHbp v.1, v.2, or v.3. The data demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a meningococcal vaccine from a single recombinant protein that elicits broad bactericidal activity, including group B strains, which account for 50 percent of cases of meningococcal disease and for which there currently is no broadly protective vaccine.
Upregulation of Cytokines Is Detected in the Placentas of Cattle Infected withNeospora caninumand Is More Marked Early in Gestation When Fetal Death Is Observed
Authors: Rosbottom Anne , Gibney E. Helen , Guy Catherine S. , Kipar Anja , Smith Robert F. , Kaiser Pete , Trees Alexander J. , Williams Diana J. L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe protozoan parasiteNeospora caninumcauses fetal death after experimental infection of pregnant cattle in early gestation, but the fetus survives a similar infection in late gestation. An increase in Th1-type cytokines in the placenta in response to the presence of the parasite has been implicated as a contributory factor to fetal death due to immune-mediated pathological alterations. We measured, using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of cytokines in the placentas of cattle experimentally infected withN. caninumin early and late gestation. After infection in early gestation, fetal death occurred, and the levels of mRNA of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-18, IL-10, and IL-4, were significantly (P< 0.01) increased by up to 1,000-fold. There was extensive placental necrosis and a corresponding infiltration of CD4+T cells and macrophages. IFN-γ protein expression was also highly increased, and a modest increase in transforming growth factor β was detected. A much smaller increase in the same cytokines and IFN-γ protein expression, with minimal placental necrosis and inflammatory infiltration, occurred afterN. caninuminfection in late gestation when the fetuses survived. Comparison of cytokine mRNA levels in separated maternal and fetal placental tissue that showed maternal tissue was the major source of all cytokine mRNA except for IL-10 and TNF-α, which were similar in both maternal and fetal tissues. These results suggest that the magnitude of the cytokine response correlates with but is not necessarily the cause of fetal death and demonstrate that a polarized Th1 response was not evident in the placentas ofN. caninum-infected cattle.
Cadmium reduces nitric oxide production by impairing phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Majumder Syamantak , Muley Ajit , Kolluru Gopi Krishna , Saurabh Samir , Tamilarasan K. P. , Chandrasekhar Sidhharth , Reddy Hima Bindu , Purohit Sharad , Chatterjee Suvro 
Published: March 2008

Cadmium (Cd) perturbs vascular health and interferes with endothelial function. However, the effects of exposing endothelial cells to low doses of Cd on the production of nitric oxide (NO) are largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these effects by using low levels of CdCl2concentrations, ranging from 10 to 1000 nmol/L. Cd perturbations in endothelial function were studied by employing wound-healing and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. The results suggest that a CdCl2concentration of 100 nmol/L maximally attenuated NO production, cellular migration, and energy metabolism in endothelial cells. An egg yolk angiogenesis model was employed to study the effect of Cd exposure on angiogenesis. The results demonstrate that NO supplementation restored Cd-attenuated angiogenesis. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and immuno-detection studies showed that low levels of Cd inhibit NO production in endothelial cells by blocking eNOS phosphorylation, which is possibly linked to processes involving endothelial function and dysfunction, including angiogenesis.
CHARACTERIZATION OF WILSON SYSTEMS FOR GENERAL LATTICES
Authors: WOJDYŁŁO PIOTR 
Published: March 2008

The Wilson orthonormal basis was constructed in 1991 by Daubechies, Jaffard and Journé using combinations of elements of Gabor tight frame with redundancy 2. In 1994, Auscher gave a characterization of the atoms for which the Wilson system is an orthonormal basis. Recently, Kutyniok and Strohmer generalized the notion of the Wilson system to the lattices whose generator matrix is in Hermite normal form.We extend their result to the full characterization of Wilson orthonormal bases on the general lattice of volume 1/2. Moreover, we generalize this result to other forms of Wilson systems differing from the classical one by the appropriate sign modification.
Gravity Wave Generation around the Polar Vortex in the Stratosphere Revealed by 3-Hourly Radiosonde Observations at Syowa Station
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Yoshiki Motoyoshi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Intensive radiosonde observations were performed at Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E) over about 10 days in each of March, June, October, and December 2002 to examine inertia–gravity wave characteristics in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. Based on the 3-hourly observation data, two-dimensional (i.e., vertical wavenumber versus frequency) spectra of wind fluctuations were examined, utilizing a double Fourier transform method. Clear signals of gravity waves whose phases propagate upward, suggesting downward energy propagation, are detected in June and October when the polar night jet (PNJ) was present. On the other hand, downward phase propagation (i.e., upward energy propagation) components are dominant in all months. There is a spectral peak around the inertial frequency in a wide range of vertical wavenumbers in December when the background wind was weak, whereas large spectral densities are distributed over lower-frequency regions in June and October. These spectral characteristics are consistent with the results obtained using a gravity wave–resolving global circulation model (GCM) by Sato et al. Dynamical characteristics are examined separately for upward- and downward-propagating gravity waves in June, using a hodograph analysis method. As a result, it is found that upward- and downward-propagating wave packets observed simultaneously in the same height regions have similar horizontal wavelengths and phase velocities. This fact suggests that these gravity waves are generated from the same source with a similar mechanism. When the wave packets were observed, both the local Rossby number and the residual in the nonlinear balance equation estimated using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data are large around the PNJ situated slightly to the lower latitudes of Syowa Station. Therefore, it is likely that the observed inertia–gravity waves are generated by a spontaneous adjustment around the geostrophically unbalanced PNJ and propagate toward Syowa Station. The possibility of spontaneous gravity wave generation around the PNJ is confirmed by comparison with the GCM simulation by Sato et al.
An Observational and Modeling Study of an Atmospheric Internal Bore during NAME 2004
Authors: Martin Elinor R. , Johnson Richard H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Observations from the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) have been used to identify an atmospheric internal bore that occurred over the Gulf of California (GoC) on 31 July 2004. This bore disturbance was identified at Bahia Kino along the northwest coast of Mexico during the late evening of 31 July. It was hypothesized to have originated from the interaction of a gravity current from a large mesoscale convective system (MCS), which formed along the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental during the afternoon, and a surface stable layer that developed from a sea-breeze circulation. It is suggested that the bore’s energy was trapped at low levels by an elevated stable layer. The vertical structure and undular nature of the bore was initially identified from 915-MHz wind profiler data at Bahia Kino. Results show a series of waves along the bore’s leading edge and turbulent mixing of air from above the stable layer to the surface on the downstream face of the leading undulation. The speed of the bore calculated from satellite imagery and surface observations (approximately 16.8 m s−1) compared favorably with the speed of a bore from hydraulic theory when a reliable estimate of the bore depth was used.
A real-data simulation of the event was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Results show the model captured both the formation mechanism and structure of the bore, but it was produced too far south compared to observations, as the MCS also developed too far south. Model results indicated that while evidence of a trapping mechanism due to the stability of the atmosphere was present in the simulation, the conditions for trapping were modified by the passage of the bore allowing vertical propagation of wave energy. The bore led to increased moisture in the lowest levels of the atmosphere across the GoC, providing evidence of the possible importance of these features as moisture transport mechanisms in this region.