bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation to climate change: state of art technologies
Authors: Usta Ahmet Tarık , Gök Mehmet Şahin 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe world is increasingly threatened by climate change. As the dimensions of this danger grow, it becomes essential to develop the most effective policies to mitigate its impacts and adapt to these new conditions. Technology is one of the most crucial components of this process, and this study focuses on examining climate change adaptation technologies. The aim of the study is to investigate the entire spectrum of technology actors and to concentrate on the technology citation network established from the past to the present, aiming to identify the core actors within this structure and provide a more comprehensive outlook.Design/methodology/approachThe study explores patent citation relationships using social network analysis. It utilizes patent data published between 2000 and 2023 and registered by the US Patent and Trademark Office.FindingsStudy findings reveal that technologies related to greenhouse technologies in agriculture, technologies for combatting vector-borne diseases in the health sector, rainwater harvesting technologies for water management, and urban green infrastructure technologies for infrastructure systems emerge as the most suitable technologies for adaptation. For instance, greenhouse technologies hold significant potential for sustainable agricultural production and coping with the adverse effects of climate change. Additionally, ICTs establish intensive connections with nearly all other technologies, thus supporting our efforts in climate change adaptation. These technologies facilitate data collection, analysis, and management, contributing to a better understanding of the impacts of climate change.Originality/valueExisting patent analysis methods often fall short in detailing the unique contributions of each technology within a technological network. This study addresses this deficiency by comprehensively examining and evaluating each technology within the network, thereby enabling us to better understand how these technologies interact with each other and contribute to the overall technological landscape.
Advancement in extraction and characterization techniques of natural dyes from dye yielding plants sources: a review
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpi 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Everyone is extremely concerned about environmental protection and health safety due to the rise in living standards. Plant-derived natural dyes have garnered much industrial attention in food, pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics, etc. owing to their health and environmental benefits. The present study aims to focus on the elimination of the use of synthetic dyes and provides brief information about natural dyes, their sources, extraction procedures with characterization and various advantages and disadvantages.

Design/methodology/approach
In producing natural colors, extraction and purification are essential steps. Various conventional methods used till date have a low yield, as these consume a lot of solvent volume, time, labor and energy or may destroy the coloring behavior of the actual molecules. The establishment of proper characterization and certification protocols for natural dyes would improve the yielding of natural dyes and benefit both producers and users.

Findings
However, scientists have found modern extraction methods to obtain maximum color yield. They are also modifying the fabric surface to appraise its uptake behavior of color. Various extraction techniques such as solvent, aqueous, enzymatic and fermentation and extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction and alkaline or acid extraction are currently available for these natural dyes and are summarized in the present review article.

Originality/value
If natural dye availability can be increased by the different extraction measures and the cost of purified dyes can be brought down with a proper certification mechanism, there is a wide scope for the adoption of these dyes by small-scale dyeing units.
Optimizing thermal insulation in subtropical monsoon climate religious buildings: material selection and thickness assessment
Authors: Akter Jhumana , Islam Mobasshira , Datta Shuvo Dip 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Determining the suitable material and accurate thickness of the thermal insulation layer used in exterior walls during the design phase of a building can be challenging. This study aims to determine suitable material and optimum thickness for the insulation layer considering both operational and embodied factors by a comprehensive assessment of the energy, economic and environmental (3E) parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the energy model of an existing building was created by using Autodesk Revit software according to the as-built floor layout to evaluate the impact of five alternative insulating materials in varying thickness values. Second, using the results derived from the model, a thorough evaluation was conducted to ascertain the optimal insulation material and thickness through individual analysis of 3E factors, followed by a comprehensive analysis considering the three aforementioned factors simultaneously.

Findings
The findings indicated that polyurethane with 13 cm thickness, rockwool with 10 cm thickness and EPS with 20 cm thickness were the best states based on energy consumption, cost and environmental footprint, respectively. After completing the 3E investigation, the 15-cm-thick mineral wool insulation was presented as the ideal state.

Practical implications
This study explores how suitable material and thickness of insulating material can be determined in advance during the design phase of a building, which is a lot more accurate and cost-effective than applying insulating materials by assumed thickness in the construction phase.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is unique in investigating the advantages of using thermally insulating materials in the context of a mosque structure, taking into account its distinctive attributes that deviate from those of typical buildings. Furthermore, there has been no prior analysis of the cost and sustainability implications of these materials concerning the characteristics of subtropical monsoon climate.
How food matrices modulate folate bioaccessibility: A comprehensive overview of recent advances and challenges
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Edelmann Minnamari , Piironen Vieno , Li Yuting , Liu Xiaozhen , Yan Jing‐Kun , Li Lin , Kariluoto Susanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe incomplete absorption of dietary folate makes it crucial to understand how food matrices affect folate bioaccessibility. Bioavailability encompasses bioaccessibility, which depicts the proportion that is liberated from the food matrix during digestion and becomes available for absorption. Bioavailability studies are expensive and difficult to control, whereas bioaccessibility studies utilize in vitro digestion models to parameterize the complex digestion, allowing the evaluation of the effect of food matrices on bioaccessibility. This review covers the folate contents in various food matrices, the methods used to determine and the factors affecting folate bioaccessibility, and the advances and challenges in understanding how food matrices affect folate bioaccessibility. The methods for determining bioaccessibility have been improved in the last decade. Current research shows that food matrices modulate folate bioaccessibility by affecting the liberation and stability of folate during digestion but do not provide enough information about folate and food component interactions at the molecular level. In addition, information on folate interconversion and degradation during digestion is scant, hindering our understanding of the impact of food matrices on folate stability. Moreover, the role of conjugase inhibitors should not be neglected when evaluating the nutritional value of food folates. Due to the complexity of food digestion, holistic methods should be applied to investigate bioaccessibility. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge on this topic, this review highlights the lack of in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms of how food matrices modulate folate bioaccessibility and provides insights into potential strategies for accurate evaluation of the nutritional value of dietary folate.
Novel animal product substitutes: A new category of plant‐based alternatives to meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products
Authors: McClements David Julian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany consumers are adopting plant‐centric diets to address the adverse effects of livestock production on the environment, health, and animal welfare. Processed plant‐based foods, including animal product analogs (such as meat, seafood, egg, or dairy analogs) and traditional animal product substitutes (such as tofu, seitan, or tempeh), may not be desirable to a broad spectrum of consumers. This article introduces a new category of plant‐based foods specifically designed to overcome the limitations of current animal product analogs and substitutes: novel animal product substitutes (NAPS). NAPS are designed to contain high levels of nutrients to be encouraged (such as proteins, omega‐3 fatty acids, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals) and low levels of nutrients to be discouraged (such as salt, sugar, and saturated fat). Moreover, they may be designed to have a wide range of appearances, textures, mouthfeels, and flavors. For instance, they could be red, orange, green, yellow, blue, or beige; they could be spheres, ovals, cubes, or pyramids; they could be hard/soft or brittle/pliable; and they could be lemon, thyme, curry, or chili flavored. Consequently, there is great flexibility in creating NAPS that could be eaten in situations where animal products are normally consumed, for example, with pasta, rice, potatoes, bread, soups, or salads. This article reviews the science behind the formulation of NAPS, highlights factors impacting their appearance, texture, flavor, and nutritional profile, and discusses methods that can be used to formulate, produce, and characterize them. Finally, it stresses the need for further studies on this new category of foods, especially on their sensory and consumer aspects.
‘Leading’ by example? Gendered language in Human Resource job adverts
Authors: Ridgway Maranda , Oldridge Louise , Mavin Sharon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile there has been an increase of women in the workplace, why do they remain underrepresented at the senior level, even in women‐dominated occupations such as Human Resources (HRs)? This article examines gendered wording in UK HR job adverts and the extent to which job adverts are a gendered practice contributing to women's underrepresentation in senior roles—even within a women‐dominated profession. We analysed 158 HR job adverts to identify the use of gendered language, traits and behaviours, equality, diversity, and inclusivity (EDI), and flexible working practices. Findings show that as the salary or title seniority increases, the proportion of masculine words in the job adverts increases, the prevalence of EDI statements, and flexible working practices decreases. We theorise how job adverts are a hidden gendered barrier to women's progress in HR, contributing to the (re)production of patriarchy, the masculine discourse of leadership and a negative cycle sustaining hierarchical segregation where men dominate in senior roles. HR is not leading by example in reducing systemic inequality practices and is complicit in reinforcing gender stereotypes.
pH‐dependent stability of major betalains in the encapsulated beetroot extracts (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Lukitasari Diah M. , Indrawati Renny , Chandra Rosita D. , Heriyanto  , Shioi Yuzo , Botosudarmo Tatas H. P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBetalain is a water‐soluble pigment contained in Caryophyllales plants. It not only holds potential as a natural food colorant but also offers various health benefits, acting as an antioxidant. This study focused on analyzing the pH‐dependent stability of encapsulated betalain pigments extracted from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) using methods such as absorption spectroscopy, HPLC, and LC–MS. The major pigments identified were vulgaxanthin I, betanin, isobetanin, and neobetanin, alongside minor components, including three betaxanthin species and a degradation product known as betalamic acid. Spectrophotometric analyses revealed that above pH 8, the betalain peak at 435 nm decreased and red‐shifted to a peak at 549 nm, a shift that could be reversed through neutral pH treatment. At pH 11, a new broad peak appeared at 410 nm and was identified as betalamic acid. To assess the pH‐dependency of each betalain, the targeted betalains were separated and quantified through HPLC after incubation across a wide pH range of 2–11 and during storage. After 3 days of storage in highly alkaline conditions (pH 10–11), major betalains, with the exception of neobetanin, underwent significant degradation. Conversely, these pigments displayed relative stability in acidic conditions. In contrast, neobetanin showed vulnerability to acidic conditions but exhibited tolerance to alkaline pH levels of 10–11. The degradation product, betalamic acid, demonstrated a similar susceptibility to alkaline pH as betanins. In conclusion, the significant stability decrease under highly alkaline conditions results not only from the hydrolytic reaction of betalains but also from the degradation of betalamic acid itself.Practical ApplicationEncapsulation methods are used to enhance the stability of betalains against temperature variations; however, the effects of pH, especially when considering individual betalain species, are not well understood. Despite betalains exhibiting similar features and being suitable for a wide pH range from acid to alkaline conditions, they are significantly affected by alkaline pH levels exceeding 10, as well as by storage duration. This study demonstrated the application of encapsulation to pH‐dependent stability, and the findings offer valuable insights and a fresh perspective on betalains as red biocolorants, extending their potential application to a wide range of pH‐controlled food products.
Depth of anesthesia monitoring in Norway—A web‐based survey
Authors: Aasheim Anders , Rosseland Leiv Arne , Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin Linqvist , Romundstad Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe bispectral index (BIS) monitor is the most frequently used electroencephalogram (EEG)‐based depth of anesthesia (DoA) technology in Norwegian hospitals. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the extent and clinical impact of its use and how anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists use the information provided by the DoA monitors in their clinical practice.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey on the use of DoA monitors in Norway used a web‐based questionnaire distributed to anesthesia personnel in all hospitals in Norway. Participation was voluntary and anonymized, and the web form could not track IP sources or respondents' locations.ResultsThree hundred and ninety‐one nurse anesthetists (n = 324) and anesthesiologists (n = 67) responded. Among the EEG‐based DoA monitoring tools, BIS was most often used to observe and assess patients' DoA (98%). Raw EEG waveform analysis (10%), EEG‐spectrogram (9%), and suppression rate (10%) were seldom used. Twenty‐seven percent of the anesthesia personnel were able to recognize a burst suppression pattern on EEG and its significance. Fifty‐eight percent of the respondents considered clinical observations more reliable than BIS. Almost all respondents reported adjusting anesthetic dosage based on the BIS index values (80%). However, the anesthetic dose was more often increased (90%) because of high BIS index values than lowered (55%) because of low BIS index values.ConclusionDespite our respondents' extensive use of DoA monitoring, the anesthesia personnel in our survey did not use all the information and the potential to guide the titration of anesthetics the DoA monitors provide. Thus, anesthesia personnel could generally benefit from increased knowledge of how EEG‐based DoA monitoring can be used to assess and determine individual patients' need for anesthetic medication.
Context matters: Exploring the adaptive nature of self‐regulation skills in predicting abstinence among veterans with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Dwyer Candice L. , Padula Claudia B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent among veterans in the United States. Self‐regulation skills (e.g., coping and emotion regulation) are important biopsychosocial factors for preventing relapse. However, how variation in self‐regulation skills supports abstinence based on contextual demands is understudied in veterans with AUD.MethodsIn a prospective longitudinal design, treatment‐seeking veterans (n = 120; 29 females) aged 23–91 with AUD completed the Alcohol Abstinence Self‐Efficacy Scale to assess temptation to drink across several high‐risk situations (i.e., negative affect, social/positive emotions, physical concerns, and craving/urges) as well as the Brief‐COPE and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess self‐regulation skills. Abstinence status was assessed at 6 months. T‐tests were used to identify self‐regulation skills that differed between abstinent and non‐abstinent individuals. Multivariate regression with model selection was performed using all possible interactions between each high‐risk situation and the self‐regulation skills that significantly differed between groups.ResultsOverall, 33.3% of participants (n = 40; nine females) were abstinent at 6 months. Abstinent individuals reported significantly higher use of suppression (p = 0.015), acceptance (p = 0.005), and planning (p = 0.045). Multivariate regression identified significant interactions between (1) planning and physical concerns (p = 0.010) and (2) acceptance, suppression, and craving/urges (p = 0.007). Greater planning predicted abstinence in participants with higher temptation to drink due to physical concerns (e.g., pain). For individuals with lower temptation to drink due to cravings/urges, simultaneous higher suppression and acceptance increased the likelihood of abstinence. Conversely, for participants with higher cravings, greater acceptance with lower suppression was linked to a higher probability of abstinence.ConclusionsResults suggest that the adaptiveness of self‐regulation skills in predicting AUD recovery is dependent on contextual demands and highlight the need for culturally sensitive treatments. Collectively, these findings indicate that further research on coping and regulatory flexibility may be an important avenue for tailoring AUD treatment for veterans.
A multi‐year, multi‐site study of the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa
Authors: Louw Jacobus Gidion , Broodryk Mandi , White Liska , Acker Debbie , Viljoen Denis Lowe , Olivier Leana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa has the highest reported prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) globally. The most recent study reported a weighted, estimated FASD prevalence of 310 per 1000 in a community in the Western Cape Province. Because there is as yet no reliable estimate of the national burden of FASD in South Africa, further epidemiological studies are needed in diverse settings. This paper reports on a multiyear, multisite FASD epidemiological study that took place from 2015 to 2022 at eight study sites in four provinces.MethodsThe cross‐sectional epidemiological study used an active case‐ascertainment method, specifically in primary schools. All children were recruited when they were enrolled in Grade 1 at a participating school. All consented participants progressed through a tiered‐screening recruitment and diagnostic process.ResultsOverall, 3033 children were included in the study. A total of 3001 children were screened for FASD in the first tier, with 1086 progressing to the second and 495 to the third tier. Of the 495 children referred, 475 were discussed during the final case conference. A total of 309 participants were diagnosed with FAS across the eight study sites. The highest reported prevalence was in the Northern Cape Province, with a rate of 199.3/1000 (95% CI, 147.6–251) using all eligible participants as the denominator. The lowest prevalence was in the Eastern Cape Province, with a rate of 57.4/1000 (95% CI, 36.5–78.3). The pooled FAS prevalence for the eight study sites was 80.2/1000 (95% CI, 70.4–89.9).ConclusionsAs with previous studies, we found a concerningly high prevalence of FASD in South Africa. Given the scope of the problem it should be a high priority for health and welfare services to address.
‘My goal was to become normal’—A qualitative investigation of coping with stigma, body image and self‐esteem long‐term after bariatric surgery
Authors: Jiretorn Linda , Engström My , Laursen Cecilia , Ramos Salas Ximena , Järvholm Kajsa 
Published: March 2024

SummaryImproved self‐esteem and body image, as well as reduced experiences of weight stigma are important patient‐reported obesity treatment outcomes. However, more knowledge is needed about how individuals who have undergone metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) perceive themselves and their bodies and use different coping strategies in relation to body image and self‐esteem long‐term after MBS. In this qualitative study body image, self‐esteem, weight stigma and coping strategies were explored among 18 individuals who underwent MBS more than 10 years ago when interviewed. Using reflexive thematic analysis, two primary themes were identified: ‘Experiences of living with a stigmatised body’ and ‘Coping with weight stigma, body image and self‐esteem’, and eight sub‐themes. Findings capture frequent experiences of weight stigma before bariatric surgery, the need for coping with stigma and body dissatisfaction before and after MBS, and how different coping strategies are related to participants' perceptions of their bodies and self‐concepts. More adaptive coping strategies, such as confrontation and cognitive restructuring may facilitate more positive body image outcomes, than more ruminative and avoidant strategies. Understanding adaptive coping strategies can be useful to develop interventions to reduce negative consequences of weight stigma on body image and self‐esteem.