bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Community‐Based Exercise Program for Elderly Korean Immigrants
Authors: Sin Mo‐Kyung , Belza Basia , LoGerfo James , Cunningham Susanna 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Objective:
To evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of a modified exercise program for elderly Korean immigrants (EKIs). Design and sample: Intervention study with EKI residents of a senior house (n = 13, age range 67–86 years, mean age 77 years), recruited through posted fliers and with help from a Korean social worker. Intervention: A Korean–American instructor taught a modified version of an evidence‐based exercise program 3 times weekly, 50 min per session, for 12 weeks. Program was evaluated with the Quality Health Outcomes Model. System and client characteristics were taken into consideration because elderly Koreans have their own values and beliefs, which influence their health management behaviors. Evaluation measures included exercise adherence, preintervention and postintervention health outcomes, and satisfaction with the exercise program. Group discussion was used to evaluate satisfaction with the exercise program. Results: Participants showed improved health outcomes on muscle strength, agility/balance, and blood pressure after the exercise program. All participants were satisfied with the exercise program, and participation rates were good (nine participants attended ≥ 80% of classes). Conclusions: The exercise program was feasible for this sample and should be evaluated in a larger population of EKIs and in populations of other ethnic minorities.
The Volunteer Potential of Inactive Nurses for Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Fothergill Alice , Palumbo Mary Val , Rambur Betty , Reinier Kyndaron , McIntosh Barbara 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Objectives:
Inactive nurses' interest in volunteering for emergency preparedness was examined. Methods: A mail survey was sent to the entire Vermont Board of Nursing list of in‐state inactive and lapsed registered nurses (n = 3,682). A high rate of undeliverable surveys (60%) was found and 611 surveys were returned for a 20% response rate. Results: Twenty‐seven percent of the respondents were interested in volunteering. Those interested in participating in volunteer work as part of a national homeland security effort were significantly more likely to (a) be younger in age (p < 0.0001); (b) identify themselves as “being a nurse” (p = 0.001); (c) be employed versus retired (p = 0.002); and (d) be currently volunteers (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Because 33% of the nation's nurses are over age 50, inactive nurses offer a potentially large pool of volunteers for emergency preparedness training and response in the years to come.
A Naturalistic Test of Peplau's Theory in Home Visiting
Authors: McNaughton Diane B. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract  Nurse‐client relationships have been considered the foundation of successful home‐visiting programs for vulnerable families (Gomby, Culross, & Behrman, 1999; McNaughton, 2000; Olds & Kitzman, 1990). Even though nurse‐client relationships are important when working with multiproblem families, relationship theory has not been used to guide interventions in home visiting. Identification of a fitting theory could provide direction for tailoring interventions to families at a “dose” individualized to meet their needs.This article reports a small study that tested the applicability of Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations in nursing (Peplau, 1952/1991) in the context of home visiting. Five prenatal clients and public health nurses participated in the study. Home visits were observed and audio‐recorded beginning with the first prenatal home visit and ending in the early postpartum period. Audiotapes were transcribed and analyzed using a start list of codes (Miles & Huberman, 1994) based on Peplau's theory. Changes in the percentage of interaction assigned to the relationship phases along with a rating from the Relationship Form (Forchuk & Brown, 1989) were compared over time to determine whether relationships progressed as predicted by Peplau. Findings of this study supported Peplau's theory. Implications for nursing practice and research are discussed.
The ALK‐5 inhibitor A‐83‐01 inhibits Smad signaling and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by transforming growth factor‐β
Authors: Tojo Masayoshi , Hamashima Yoshio , Hanyu Aki , Kajimoto Tetsuya , Saitoh Masao , Miyazono Kohei , Node Manabu , Imamura Takeshi 
Published: October 2005

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling facilitates tumor growth and metastasis in advanced cancer. Use of inhibitors of TGF‐β signaling may thus be a novel strategy for the treatment of patients with such cancer. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a small molecule inhibitor, A‐83‐01, which is structurally similar to previously reported ALK‐5 inhibitors developed by Sawyer et al. (2003) and blocks signaling of type I serine/threonine kinase receptors for cytokines of the TGF‐β superfamily (known as activin receptor‐like kinases; ALKs). Using a TGF‐β‐responsive reporter construct in mammalian cells, we found that A‐83‐01 inhibited the transcriptional activity induced by TGF‐β type I receptor ALK‐5 and that by activin type IB receptor ALK‐4 and nodal type I receptor ALK‐7, the kinase domains of which are structurally highly related to those of ALK‐5. A‐83‐01 was found to be more potent in the inhibition of ALK5 than a previously described ALK‐5 inhibitor, SB‐431542, and also to prevent phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and the growth inhibition induced by TGF‐β. In contrast, A‐83‐01 had little or no effect on bone morphogenetic protein type I receptors, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, or extracellular regulated kinase. Consistent with these findings, A‐83‐01 inhibited the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition induced by TGF‐β, suggesting that A‐83–01 and related molecules may be useful for preventing the progression of advanced cancers. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 791–800)
Serum level of soluble CD30 correlates with the aggressiveness of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Nishioka Chie , Takemoto Shigeki , Kataoka Sayo , Yamanaka Shigeo , Moriki Toshiaki , Shoda Momoko , Watanabe Toshiki , Taguchi Hirokuni 
Published: October 2005

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis. CD30+ cells are frequently observed in lymph node cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ATL patients. In order to elicit the role of CD30+ cells in ATL development, we investigated expression of the membrane type of CD30 (mCD30) and the soluble form of CD30 (sCD30) on ATL cells. Both mCD30 and sCD30 are expressed on various numbers of ATL cells in vivo as well as cell lines such as MT‐2, L540 and Karpas 299. The level of serum sCD30 in each clinical stage showed an elevated level in patients with acute type (mean ± standard error; 545.2 ± 18.6 U/mL) rather than with lymphoma type ATL (327.62 ± 94.85 U/mL). In four patients whose sera were stored and examined longitudinally, the levels decreased following the response to chemotherapy but not in patients with chemotherapy resistance. Thus, our results imply that sCD30 levels may be another useful marker for the activity and aggressiveness of ATL. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 810–815)
Review article: adipocytokines and insulin resistance
Authors: VETTOR R. , MILAN G. , ROSSATO M. , FEDERSPIL G. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryInsulin resistance has been implicated as one possible factor that links visceral obesity to unfavourable metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. However, the mechanism whereby adipose tissue causes alterations in insulin action remains unclear. White adipose tissue is secreting several hormones, particularly leptin and adiponectin, and a variety of other protein signals: the adipocytokines. They include proteins involved in the regulation of energy balance, lipid and glucose metabolism as well as angiogenesis, vascular and blood pressure regulation. Visceral obesity and inflammation within white adipose tissue may be a crucial step contributing to the emergence of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. A growing list of adipocytokines involved in inflammation (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α, TGF‐β,) and the acute‐phase response (serum amyloid A, PAI‐1) have been found to be increased in the metabolic syndrome. It is, however, unclear as to the extent adipose tissue contributes quantitatively to the elevated circulating levels of these factors in obesity and how they may affect the insulin‐dependent tissues. This review describes the role of the currently known adipocytokines and hormones released by adipose tissue in generating the insulin resistance state and the chronic inflammatory profile which frequently goes together with visceral obesity.
Review article: the metabolic syndrome – a chronic cardiovascular inflammatory condition
Authors: ZAMBON A. , PAULETTO P. , CREPALDI G. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThe atherosclerotic process is regulated by inflammatory mechanisms, which also appear to be involved in the modulation of insulin‐resistance, a key player in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The interaction between components of the clinical phenotype of the MS with its biological phenotype (insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, etc.) contributes to the development of a pro‐inflammatory state characterized by an increased oxidative stress (i.e. oxidized lipoproteins) and a chronic, subclinical vascular inflammation, as also suggested by the increased C reactive protein (CRP) concentration found in patients with MS. The subclinical inflammatory state peculiar of the MS modulates the atherosclerotic process at different stages, resulting in: (i) endothelial dysfunction and increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules; (ii) an enhanced recruitment of monocytes within the arterial wall, in the early stages of the atherosclerotic process; leading to (iii) the formation of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque, rich in inflammatory cells, which is the culprit lesion in the vast majority of both coronary and cerebrovascular events observed in with MS.
Review article: type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease in the Verona diabetes study
Authors: TROMBETTA M. , SPIAZZI G. , ZOPPINI G. , MUGGEO M. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryNon‐alcoholic liver steatosis is associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of this condition in type 2 diabetes is estimated to be between 28 and 55%. Non‐alcoholic liver steatosis is not a benign disease because of its potential progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. The Verona diabetes study, a population‐based observational study, on 7148 type 2 diabetic patients after 5 years of follow‐up has reported an increased risk of death from gastrointestinal diseases, particularly from chronic liver cirrhosis. Moreover, in the same population after 10 years of follow‐up a higher risk of mortality from liver cancer was observed and this risk increased significantly in obese patients (body mass index >30 kg/m2). Of note is that obese diabetic patients suffer an even higher prevalence of non‐alcoholic liver steatosis. In conclusion, the Verona diabetes study showed an increased risk of mortality from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer in type 2 diabetic patients. Diverse pathophysiological mechanisms can be responsible, i.e. higher alcohol consumption, hepatitis and others but, considering the high prevalence of non‐alcoholic liver steatosis in these patients, it is plausible to hypothesize that non‐alcoholic liver steatosis may play a significant role in predisposing the liver of diabetics to chronic diseases.
Review article: hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular risk
Authors: BERTOLOTTI M. , MAURANTONIO M. , GABBI C. , ANZIVINO C. , CARULLI N. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryHyperlipidaemia represents a determinant for the development of atherosclerosis and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly in the context of the insulin resistance syndrome. This is characterized by alterations in the profile of plasma lipoprotein including high triglyceride levels, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the appearance of qualitatively modified, small‐dense low‐density lipoproteins. Many charts and algorithms have been developed to estimate the entity of coronary and cardiovascular risk as related to dyslipidaemia, on the basis of additional individual risk factors and conditions: most include age and gender, smoking status, hypertension and diabetes. They should preferably be utilized in consistent patient populations, in terms of geographical areas and general risk profile. Pharmacological treatment of dyslipidaemia, in particular with statin drugs, was shown to greatly improve cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A body of evidence also underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach, integrating non‐pharmacological lifestyle and diet interventions, as well as treatment of concomitant diseases (hypertension and diabetes).
Review article: the pathogenesis of fibrosis in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: MARRA F. , ALEFFI S. , BERTOLANI C. , PETRAI I. , VIZZUTTI F. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis has been recognized as a significant cause of end‐stage liver disease and hepatic decompensation. Despite the growing interest in this condition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of fibrosis in this setting are only partially understood. In this article, the cellular and molecular basis of fibrosis in chronic liver disease are briefly outlined. In addition, mechanisms specifically operating in the context of fatty liver and steatohepatitis are examined, including: insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Finally, recent developments indicating the possible contribution of cytokines derived from adipose tissue (adipokines) to liver fibrosis is discussed.
Review article: an unexpected virus–host interaction – the hepatitis C virus‐diabetes link
Authors: RATZIU V. , HEURTIER A. , BONYHAY L. , POYNARD T. , GIRAL P. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThere is now consistent epidemiological evidence for an association between chronic hepatitis C and diabetes. Important, although so far limited longitudinal data, have documented an increased risk for diabetes in patients infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) especially in those with metabolic risk factors such as a high BMI and older age. HCV encoded proteins might alter insulin signalling thus explaining impaired insulin sensitivity and the occurrence of glycaemic dysregulation even before the cirrhotic stage. The consequences of the association between diabetes and HCV infection are an increased liver fibrosis stage and faster fibrosis progression rate. This article reviews recent human and experimental data on the HCV‐diabetes association.
Iron and insulin resistance
Authors: FARGION S. , DONGIOVANNI P. , GUZZO A. , COLOMBO S. , VALENTI L. , FRACANZANI A. L. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : Preliminary clinical and experimental results suggest that iron can modify hepatocytes’ insulin sensitivity by interfering with insulin receptor and intracellular insulin signalling.Aim : To evaluate in vivo the influence of iron on insulin resistance and insulin release in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and in vitro the interaction between iron and insulin sensitivity by analysing the effect of iron manipulation on insulin receptor expression in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line.Results : Insulin resistance evaluated by homeostatis model assessment (HOMA)‐insulin resistance significantly decreased after diet, and a further reduction was observed after phlebotomies. Iron depletion by desferrioxamine increased by twofold the 125I‐insulin‐specific binding, whereas iron addition reduced insulin binding, similarly to cells exposed to high glucose concentration.Conclusion : Iron status affects insulin sensitivity by modulating the transcription and membrane expression/affinity of insulin receptor expression in hepatocytes and influencing insulin‐dependent gene expression suggesting that increased insulin clearance and decreased insulin resistance may contribute to the positive effect of iron depletion in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Incidence, risk factors and clinical course of thiopurine‐induced liver injury in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: BASTIDA G. , NOS P. , AGUAS M. , BELTRÁN B. , RUBÍN Á. , DASÍ F. , PONCE J. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : The incidence of thiopurine‐induced hepatotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease varies in different studies.Aims : To assess the rate of thiopurine‐induced liver toxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; to determine the predictive factors and to characterize its clinical course and management.Methods : A cohort of 161 patients was prospectively followed for a median of 271 days. Hepatotoxicity was established when alanine transaminase or alkaline phosphatase plasma levels were greater than twice the upper normal limit.Results : Abnormal liver function was detected in 21 patients (13%; 95% CI: 7–18). Hepatotoxicity occurred in 16 patients (10%; 95% CI: 6–16) after a median of 85 days. In five cases, treatment was withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. Use of corticosteroids was associated with hepatotoxicity (OR: 4.94; 95% CI: 1.01–23.98) with antitumour necrosis factor concomitant therapy showing a protective role (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–3.1). γ‐Glutamyl transferase plasma levels at the onset of hepatotoxicity showed the best predictive value for treatment withdrawal (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.95).Conclusions : The incidence of hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving thiopurines is relevant, mainly in patients co‐treated with corticosteroids. γ‐Glutamyl transferase plasma level is a useful biomarker in therapy withdrawal prediction.
Esomeprazole 20 mg vs. pantoprazole 20 mg for maintenance therapy of healed erosive oesophagitis: results from the EXPO study1
Authors: LABENZ J. , ARMSTRONG D. , LAURITSEN K. , KATELARIS P. , SCHMIDT S. , SCHÜTZE K. , WALLNER G. , JUERGENS H. , PREIKSAITIS H. , KEELING N. , NAUCLÉR E. , ADLER J. , EKLUND S. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : Following initial healing of erosive oesophagitis, most patients require maintenance therapy to prevent relapse.Aim : To compare endoscopic and symptomatic remission rates over 6 months’ maintenance therapy with esomeprazole or pantoprazole (both 20 mg once daily) in patients with healed erosive oesophagitis.Methods : Patients with symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease and endoscopically confirmed erosive oesophagitis at baseline were randomized to receive esomeprazole 40 mg or pantoprazole 40 mg for up to 8 weeks. Patients with healed erosive oesophagitis and free of moderate/severe heartburn and acid regurgitation at 4 weeks or, if necessary, 8 weeks entered the 6‐month maintenance therapy phase of the study.Results : A total of 2766 patients (63% men; mean age 50 years) received esomeprazole 20 mg (n = 1377) or pantoprazole 20 mg (n = 1389) and comprised the intention‐to‐treat population. Following 6 months of treatment, the proportion of patients in endoscopic and symptomatic remission was significantly greater for those receiving esomeprazole 20 mg (87.0%) than pantoprazole 20 mg (74.9%, log‐rank test P < 0.0001). Esomeprazole 20 mg produced a higher proportion of patients free of moderate to severe gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and fewer discontinuations because of symptoms than pantoprazole 20 mg (92.2% vs. 88.5%, P < 0.001).Conclusions : Esomeprazole 20 mg is more effective than pantoprazole 20 mg for maintenance therapy following initial healing of erosive oesophagitis and relief of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms.
Colorectal cancer in Asians: a demographic and anatomic survey in Malaysian patients undergoing colonoscopy
Authors: GOH K.‐L. , QUEK K.‐F. , YEO G. T. S. , HILMI I. N. , LEE C.‐K. , HASNIDA N. , AZNAN M. , KWAN K.‐L. , ONG K.‐T. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of gastrointestinal cancer in the world today. In the Asia–Pacific area, it is the fastest emerging gastrointestinal cancer.Aim : To determine the basic demographic features of patients with colorectal cancer and the anatomic distribution and characteristics of the tumour in a local Asian population.Methods : We conducted a review of consecutive patients who had undergone colonoscopy from 1999 to 2003 at the University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Results : Analysis was carried out on 3404 patients who underwent colonoscopy. A total of 228 patients (7%) were diagnosed with carcinoma. The mean age of diagnosis (±s.d.) was 64.4 ± 13.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1.15. Polyps were noted in 470 patients (14%). Polyps detected concomitantly with a colorectal cancer were noted in 55 patients (2%). Four patients (0.1%) were diagnosed to have familial adenomatous polyposis coli. Of the 228 patients 209 (92%) had tumours at only one site whereas 19 (8%) had synchronous lesions. Tumours were mainly left sided [198 of 248 patients (80%)] with the majority located in the recto‐sigmoid region. Detailed records of treatment were available only in 176 patients. A total of 147 of 176 patients (84%) underwent surgery and 50 (28%) also received adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy (28%). Seven of 154 patients (5%) were diagnosed to have stage A cancers, 64 (42%), stage B, 23 (15%), stage C and 60 (39%), stage D. Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.35– 2.36) and Malay (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.30–3.35) and Chinese (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.77–2.69) race were significant independent predictive factors for colorectal cancer.Conclusions : The demography of colorectal cancer is different from western patients. Tumours were mainly left sided in our patients. However, no differences in anatomic location were found between races, men and women and younger and older age groups. Colorectal cancer presented in an advanced stage in the majority of patients.
Prevalence and incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers during treatment with vascular protective doses of aspirin
Authors: YEOMANS N. D. , LANAS A. I. , TALLEY N. J. , THOMSON A. B. R. , DANESHJOO R. , ERIKSSON B. , APPELMAN‐ESZCZUK S. , LÅNGSTRÖM G. , NAESDAL J. , SERRANO P. , SINGH M. , SKELLY M. M. , HAWKEY C. J. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : Aspirin is valuable for preventing vascular events, but information about ulcer frequency is necessary to inform risk‐benefit decisions in individual patients.Aim : To determine ulcer prevalence and incidence in a population representative of those given aspirin therapy and evaluate risk predictors.Methods : Patients taking aspirin 75–325 mg daily were recruited from four countries. Exclusions included use of gastroprotectant drugs or other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. We measured point prevalence of endoscopic ulcers, after quantitating dyspeptic symptoms. Incidence was assessed 3 months later in those eligible to continue (no baseline ulcer or reason for gastroprotectants).Results : In 187 patients, ulcer prevalence was 11% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3–15.1%]. Only 20% had dyspeptic symptoms, not significantly different from patients without ulcer. Ulcer incidence in 113 patients followed for 3 months was 7% (95% CI 2.4–11.8%). Helicobacter pylori infection increased the risk of a duodenal ulcer [odds ratio (OR) 18.5, 95% CI 2.3–149.4], as did age >70 for ulcers in stomach and duodenum combined (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3–8.7).Conclusions : Gastroduodenal ulcers are found in one in 10 patients taking low‐dose aspirin, and most are asymptomatic; this needs considering when discussing risks/benefits with patients. Risk factors include older age and H. pylori (for duodenal ulcer).