bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-silicon multidimensionally-encoded optical physical unclonable functions for integrated circuit anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Wang Kun , Shi Jianwei , Lai Wenxuan , He Qiang , Xu Jun , Ni Zhenyi , Liu Xinfeng , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntegrated circuit anti-counterfeiting based on optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) plays a crucial role in guaranteeing secure identification and authentication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. While considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring optical PUFs, two critical challenges remain: incompatibility with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and limited information entropy. Here, we demonstrate all-silicon multidimensionally-encoded optical PUFs fabricated by integrating silicon (Si) metasurface and erbium-doped Si quantum dots (Er-Si QDs) with a CMOS-compatible procedure. Five in-situ optical responses have been manifested within a single pixel, rendering an ultrahigh information entropy of 2.32 bits/pixel. The position-dependent optical responses originate from the position-dependent radiation field and Purcell effect. Our evaluation highlights their potential in IoT security through advanced metrics like bit uniformity, similarity, intra- and inter-Hamming distance, false-acceptance and rejection rates, and encoding capacity. We finally demonstrate the implementation of efficient lightweight mutual authentication protocols for IoT applications by using the all-Si multidimensionally-encoded optical PUFs.
Highly efficient field-free switching of perpendicular yttrium iron garnet with collinear spin current
Authors: Yang Man , Sun Liang , Zeng Yulun , Cheng Jun , He Kang , Yang Xi , Wang Ziqiang , Yu Longqian , Niu Heng , Ji Tongzhou , Chen Gong , Miao Bingfeng , Wang Xiangrong , Ding Haifeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractYttrium iron garnet, a material possessing ultralow magnetic damping and extraordinarily long magnon diffusion length, is the most widely studied magnetic insulator in spintronics and magnonics. Field-free electrical control of perpendicular yttrium iron garnet magnetization with considerable efficiency is highly desired for excellent device performance. Here, we demonstrate such an accomplishment with a collinear spin current, whose spin polarization and propagation direction are both perpendicular to the interface. Remarkably, the field-free magnetization switching is achieved not only with a heavy-metal-free material, Permalloy, but also with a higher efficiency as compared with a typical heavy metal, Pt. Combined with the direct and inverse effect measurements, we ascribe the collinear spin current to the anomalous spin Hall effect in Permalloy. Our findings provide a new insight into spin current generation in Permalloy and open an avenue in spintronic devices.
Reconfigurable optoelectronic transistors for multimodal recognition
Authors: Li Pengzhan , Zhang Mingzhen , Zhou Qingli , Zhang Qinghua , Xie Donggang , Li Ge , Liu Zhuohui , Wang Zheng , Guo Erjia , He Meng , Wang Can , Gu Lin , Yang Guozhen , Jin Kuijuan , Ge Chen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiological nervous system outperforms in both dynamic and static information perception due to their capability to integrate the sensing, memory and processing functions. Reconfigurable neuromorphic transistors, which can be used to emulate different types of biological analogues in a single device, are important for creating compact and efficient neuromorphic computing networks, but their design remains challenging due to the need for opposing physical mechanisms to achieve different functions. Here we report a neuromorphic electrolyte-gated transistor that can be reconfigured to perform physical reservoir and synaptic functions. The device exhibits dynamics with tunable time-scales under optical and electrical stimuli. The nonlinear volatile property is suitable for reservoir computing, which can be used for multimodal pre-processing. The nonvolatility and programmability of the device through ion insertion/extraction achieved via electrolyte gating, which are required to realize synaptic functions, are verified. The device’s superior performance in mimicking human perception of dynamic and static multisensory information based on the reconfigurable neuromorphic functions is also demonstrated. The present study provides an exciting paradigm for the realization of multimodal reconfigurable devices and opens an avenue for mimicking biological multisensory fusion.
Programmable photoacoustic patterning of microparticles in air
Authors: Zhang Ruoqin , Zhao Xichuan , Li Jinzhi , Zhou Di , Guo Honglian , Li Zhi-yuan , Li Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical and acoustic tweezers, despite operating on different physical principles, offer non-contact manipulation of microscopic and mesoscopic objects, making them essential in fields like cell biology, medicine, and nanotechnology. The advantages and limitations of optical and acoustic manipulation complement each other, particularly in terms of trapping size, force intensity, and flexibility. We use photoacoustic effects to generate localized Lamb wave fields capable of mapping arbitrary laser pattern shapes. By using localized Lamb waves to vibrate the surface of the multilayer membrane, we can pattern tens of thousands of microscopic particles into the desired pattern simultaneously. Moreover, by quickly and successively adjusting the laser shape, microparticles flow dynamically along the corresponding elastic wave fields, creating a frame-by-frame animation. Our approach merges the programmable adaptability of optical tweezers with the potent manipulation capabilities of acoustic waves, paving the way for wave-based manipulation techniques, such as microparticle assembly, biological synthesis, and microsystems.
Exposing the molecular heterogeneity of glycosylated biotherapeutics
Authors: Schachner Luis F. , Mullen Christopher , Phung Wilson , Hinkle Joshua D. , Beardsley Michelle Irwin , Bentley Tracy , Day Peter , Tsai Christina , Sukumaran Siddharth , Baginski Tomasz , DiCara Danielle , Agard Nicholas J. , Masureel Matthieu , Gober Joshua , ElSohly Adel M. , Melani Rafael , Syka John E. P. , Huguet Romain , Marty Michael T. , Sandoval Wendy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneity inherent in today’s biotherapeutics, especially as a result of heavy glycosylation, can affect a molecule’s safety and efficacy. Characterizing this heterogeneity is crucial for drug development and quality assessment, but existing methods are limited in their ability to analyze intact glycoproteins or other heterogeneous biotherapeutics. Here, we present an approach to the molecular assessment of biotherapeutics that uses proton-transfer charge-reduction with gas-phase fractionation to analyze intact heterogeneous and/or glycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry. The method provides a detailed landscape of the intact molecular weights present in biotherapeutic protein preparations in a single experiment. For glycoproteins in particular, the method may offer insights into glycan composition when coupled with a suitable bioinformatic strategy. We tested the approach on various biotherapeutic molecules, including Fc-fusion, VHH-fusion, and peptide-bound MHC class II complexes to demonstrate efficacy in measuring the proteoform-level diversity of biotherapeutics. Notably, we inferred the glycoform distribution for hundreds of molecular weights for the eight-times glycosylated fusion drug IL22-Fc, enabling correlations between glycoform sub-populations and the drug’s pharmacological properties. Our method is broadly applicable and provides a powerful tool to assess the molecular heterogeneity of emerging biotherapeutics.
Grey matter networks in women and men with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Habich Annegret , Oltra Javier , Schwarz Christopher G. , Przybelski Scott A. , Oppedal Ketil , Inguanzo Anna , Blanc Frédéric , Lemstra Afina W. , Hort Jakub , Westman Eric , Segura Barbara , Junque Carme , Lowe Val J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Aarsland Dag , Dierks Thomas , Kantarci Kejal , Ferreira Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSex differences permeate many aspects of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), yet sex differences in patterns of neurodegeneration in DLB remain largely unexplored. Here, we test whether grey matter networks differ between sexes in DLB and compare these findings to sex differences in healthy controls. In this cross-sectional study, we analysed clinical and neuroimaging data of patients with DLB and cognitively healthy controls matched for age and sex. Grey matter networks were constructed by pairwise correlations between 58 regional volumes after correction for age, intracranial volume, and centre. Network properties were compared between sexes and diagnostic groups. Additional analyses were conducted on w-scored data to identify DLB-specific sex differences. Data from 119 (68.7 ± 8.4 years) men and 45 women (69.9 ± 9.1 years) with DLB, and 164 healthy controls were included in this study. Networks of men had a lower nodal strength compared to women. In comparison to healthy women, the grey matter networks of healthy men showed a higher global efficiency, modularity, and fewer modules. None of the network measures showed significant sex differences in DLB. Comparing DLB patients with healthy controls revealed global differences in women and more local differences in men. Modular analyses showed a more distinct demarcation between cortical and subcortical regions in men compared with women. While topologies of grey matter networks differed between sexes in healthy controls, those sex differences were diluted in DLB patients. These findings suggest a disease-driven convergence of neurodegenerative patterns in women and men with DLB, which may inform precision medicine in DLB.
A high-throughput approach for assessing antiscaling performance during mineral precipitation from seawater and hard water
Authors: Poulain A. , Besselink R. , Fernandez-Martinez A. , Kellermeier M. , Van Driessche A. E. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe undesired precipitation of minerals from solution poses challenges in various industrial and domestic applications, including water treatment, desalination, dishwashers and boilers. To mitigate this, threshold inhibitors - small quantities of water-soluble additives—are commonly employed to inhibit the precipitation of inorganic phases. However, concerns about the persistence of traditional additives like phosph(on)ates) in natural environments and stricter regulations warrant the development of more sustainable alternatives. We present a high-throughput approach using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and automated data analysis to assess the scale inhibiting potential of numerous candidates and their combinations. The robustness and versatility of this method were validated by measuring the kinetics of alkaline-earth metal carbonates precipitating from simulated hard waters and seawaters across an extended range of experimental parameters. This approach allows for straightforward evaluation and quantification of each antiscaling additive’s effectiveness and operational range, enabling direct comparison of different additives and blends of additives. Moreover, it facilitates the study of scaling processes in both bulk solutions and at liquid/solid interfaces. By providing a rapid and reliable means of screening potential additives and formulations, our versatile toolbox will expedite the identification of effective scale inhibitors, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable practices in various industries reliant on water treatment and mineral precipitation control.
The landscape of abiotic and biotic stress-responsive splice variants with deep RNA-seq datasets in hot pepper
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Lee Junesung , Yeom Seon-In , Kang Nam-Jun , Kang Won-Hee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is a widely observed phenomenon in eukaryotes that plays a critical role in development and stress responses. In plants, the large number of RNA-seq datasets in response to different environmental stressors can provide clues for identification of condition-specific and/or common AS variants for preferred agronomic traits. We report RNA-seq datasets (350.7 Gb) fromCapsicum annuuminoculated with one of three bacteria, one virus, or one oomycete and obtained additional existing transcriptome datasets. In this study, we investigated the landscape of AS in response to environmental stressors, signaling molecules, and tissues from 425 total samples comprising 841.49 Gb. In addition, we identified genes that undergo AS under specific and shared stress conditions to obtain potential genes that may be involved in enhancing tolerance to stressors. We uncovered 1,642,007 AS events and identified 4,354 differential alternative splicing genes related to environmental stressors, tissues, and signaling molecules. This information and approach provide useful data for basic-research focused on enhancing tolerance to environmental stressors in hot pepper or establishing breeding programs.
Evaluation of management practices in rice–wheat cropping system using multicriteria decision-making methods in conservation agriculture
Authors: Biswas Tufleuddin , Majumder Anurup , Dey Shamik , Mandal Anwesha , Ray Soumik , Kapoor Promil , Emam Walid , Kanthal Sahely , ISHIZAKA Alessio , Matuka Adelajda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we employed two multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP), to determine the best management choice for the cultivation of wheat with a regime of conservation agriculture (CA) practices. By combining alternative tillage approaches, such as reduced tillage and zero tillage, with the quantity of crop residues and fertilizer application, we were able to develop the regime of CA practices. The performance of the regimes compared to the conventional ones was then evaluated using conflicting parameters relating to energy use, economics, agronomy, plant protection, and soil science. TOPSIS assigned a grade to each alternative based on how close it was to the ideal solution and how far away it was from the negative ideal solution. However, employing AHP, we determined the weights of each of the main and sub-parameters used for this study using pairwise comparison. With TOPSIS, we found ZERO1 (0% residue + 100% NPK) followed by ZERO4 (50%residue + 100% NPK), and ZERO2 (100% residue + 50% NPK) were the best performing tillage-based alternatives. To best optimize the performance of wheat crops under various CA regimes, TOPSIS assisted the decision-makers in distinguishing the effects of the parameters on the outcome and identifying the potential for maneuvering the weak links. The outcomes of this investigation could be used to improve management techniques for wheat production with CA practices for upscaling among the farmers.
Optimization of culture medium to improve bio-cementation effect based on response surface method
Authors: Pan Zhikun , Cao Shiding 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe main challenge in the large-scale application of MICP lies in its low efficiency and promoting biofilm growth can effectively address this problem. In the present study, a prediction model was proposed using the response surface method. With the prediction model, optimum concentrations of nutrients in the medium can be obtained. Moreover, the optimized medium was compared with other media via bio-cementation tests. The results show that this prediction model was accurate and effective, and the predicted results were close to the measured results. By using the prediction model, the optimized culture media was determined (20.0 g/l yeast extract, 10.0 g/l polypeptone, 5.0 g/l ammonium sulfate, and 10.0 g/l NaCl). Furthermore, the optimized medium significantly promoted the growth of biofilm compared to other media. In the medium, the effect of polypeptone on biofilm growth was smaller than the effect of yeast extract and increasing the concentration of polypeptone was not beneficial in promoting biofilm growth. In addition, the sand column solidified with the optimized medium had the highest strength and the largest calcium carbonate contents. The prediction model represents a platform technology that leverages culture medium to impart novel sensing, adjustive, and responsive multifunctionality to structural materials in the civil engineering and material engineering fields.
Multi-center study on mortality in children, and adults with sickle cell anemia-risk factors and causes of death
Authors: Alkindi Salam , Al-Jadidi Salma , Al-Adawi Safa , Elsadek Refaat Abdullah , Al Madhani Ali , Al-Nabhani Maryam , Pathare Anil V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health burden worldwide with increasing morbidity and mortality. The study evaluates the risk factors associated with mortality in SCD patients, between the years 2006 and 2020 at three hospitals in Oman. The analysis includes clinical manifestations, haematological, biochemical, and radiological parameters, use of antibiotics, and blood and exchange transfusions. Our cohort included 123 patients (82 males, 41 females), with a median age of 27 (Interquartile Range 21–35 years). SCD related complications included acute chest syndrome (ACS) in 52.8%, splenic sequestration in 21.1%, right upper quadrant syndrome in 19.5%, more than > 6 VOC/year in 17.9%, and stroke in 13.8%. At the terminal admission, patients had cough, reduced O2 saturation, crepitation and fever in 24.4%, 49.6%, 53.6% and 68.3% respectively. Abnormal chest X-ray and chest CT scan were seen in 57.7%, and 76.4% respectively. Laboratory parameters showed a significant drop in hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet counts from baseline, with a significant rise in WBC, LDH and CRP from baseline (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test). All patients received antibiotics, whereas, 95.9% and 93.5% received simple blood transfusions, and exchange transfusions respectively, and 66.6% required non-invasive ventilation. Among the causes of death, ACS is seen in 32 (26%), sepsis in 49 (40%), and miscellaneous in 42 (34%). Sudden death was seen in 32 (26%) of patients. Male gender, with low HbF, rapid drop in Hb and platelet, and increased in WBC, LDH, ferritin, and CRP, correlated significantly with mortality in this cohort.
Understanding the relationship between surfing performance and fin design
Authors: Forsyth James R. , Barnsley Grant , Amirghasemi Mehrdad , Barthelemy Johan , Elshahomi Alhoush , Kosasih Buyung , Perez Pascal , Beirne Stephen , Steele Julie R. , in het Panhuis Marc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to determine whether accomplished surfers could accurately perceive how changes to surfboard fin design affected their surfing performance. Four different surfboard fins, including conventional, single-grooved, and double-grooved fins, were developed using computer-aided design combined with additive manufacturing (3D printing). We systematically installed these 3D-printed fins into instrumented surfboards, which six accomplished surfers rode on waves in the ocean in a random order while blinded to the fin condition. We quantified the surfers’ wave-riding performance during each surfing bout using a sport-specific tracking device embedded in each instrumented surfboard. After each fin condition, the surfers rated their perceptions of the Drive, Feel, Hold, Speed, Stiffness, and Turnability they experienced while performing turns using a visual analogue scale. Relationships between the surfer’s perceptions of the fins and their surfing performance data collected from the tracking devices were then examined. The results revealed that participants preferred the single-grooved fins for Speed and Feel, followed by double-grooved fins, commercially available fins, and conventional fins without grooves. Crucially, the surfers’ perceptions of their performance matched the objective data from the embedded sensors. Our findings demonstrate that accomplished surfers can perceive how changes to surfboard fins influence their surfing performance.
The platform business model selection of online ride-hailing giants based on the aggregation model
Authors: Zhu Xueyu , Guo Min , Li Jinhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPure self-management model, pure aggregation business model and Self-support + aggregation model are three commonly used business modes on ride-hailing platforms. We use an analytical model to study these three business models and give the optimal business model decision of the platform. The research shows that the heterogeneity ratio of drivers, the cost of the platform under the Self-support model, the franchise fee received by the platform under the aggregation model and the dissatisfaction of the original users on the platform play a key role in the selection of the platform’s business model. When the difference between the franchise fee under the aggregation mode and the platform cost under the Self-support mode fails to generate positive feedback on the platform profit, the platform should choose the pure Self-support mode. When riders are more sensitive to the heterogeneity of service quality of the platform and user stickiness can be ensured, the platform should choose the pure aggregation business model. When user stickiness can be guaranteed and the cost of the platform under the self-run model is controllable, the platform should choose the Self-support + aggregation business model.
High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of the composition and diversity of the endophyte community in roots of Stellera chamaejasme
Authors: Zhang Jun-ze , Li Xin-zhong , Yin Ye-bing , Luo Si-cen , Wang Dong-xu , Zheng Heng , Liu Yi-xuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStellera chamaejasme (S. chamaejasme) is an important medicinal plant with heat-clearing, detoxifying, swelling and anti-inflammatory effects. At the same time, it is also one of the iconic plants of natural grassland degradation in northwest China, playing a key role in the invasion process. Plant endophytes live in healthy plant tissues and can synthesize substances needed for plant growth, induce disease resistance in host plants, and enhance plant resistance to environmental stress. Therefore, studying the root endophytes of S. chamaejasme is of great significance for mining beneficial microbial resources and biological prevention and control of S. chamaejasme. This study used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the composition and diversity of endophytes in the roots of S. chamaejasme in different alpine grasslands (BGC, NMC and XGYZ) in Tibet. Research results show that the main phylum of endophytic fungi in the roots of S. chamaejasme in different regions is Ascomycota, and the main phyla of endophytic bacteria are Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (Bacteroidota). Overall, the endophyte diversity of the NMC samples was significantly higher than that of the other two sample sites. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results showed significant differences in the composition of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities among BGC, NMC and XGYZ samples. Co-occurrence network analysis of endophytes showed that there were positive correlations between fungi and some negative correlations between bacteria, and the co-occurrence network of bacteria was more complex than that of fungi. In short, this study provides a vital reference for further exploring and utilizing the endophyte resources of S. chamaejasme and an in-depth understanding of the ecological functions of S. chamaejasme endophytes.