bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Memory and Aging Telephone Screen: Development and preliminary validation
Authors: Rabin Laura A. , Saykin Andrew J. , Wishart Heather A. , Nutter‐Upham Katherine E. , Flashman Laura A. , Pare Nadia , Santulli Robert B. 
Published: April 2007

BackgroundTelephone interviews are widely used in geriatric settings to identify eligible research participants and to perform brief follow‐up assessments of cognition. This article reports on the development and validation of the Memory and Aging Telephone Screen (MATS), a structured interview for older adults with mild cognitive impairment and/or significant memory complaints. We also developed three alternate forms of the MATS objective memory test to reduce practice effects engendered by multiple administrations.MethodsParticipants were enrolled in a longitudinal study that included 120 older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive complaints but without deficit on neuropsychological tests, and demographically matched healthy controls. An additional 15 patients with mild probable Alzheimer's disease completed the alternative forms study. All participants received the original MATS version, and a subset (n = 90) later received two of three alternate forms.ResultsThe MATS was sensitive to group differences, and the alternate forms were equivalent. MATS objective memory test scores showed adequate stability during a period of 1 year and were moderately correlated with scores on a widely used list‐learning test (California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition).ConclusionsThe MATS, a repeatable telephone screen that includes objective and subjective memory assessments, is useful for detecting individuals in the preclinical and early stages of dementia. Results encourage use of the MATS as a reliable and valid cognitive screening tool in research and clinical settings. Longitudinal assessments are being performed to investigate the predictive validity of the MATS for cognitive progression in mild cognitive impairment.
FAMILY PLANNING IN RURAL ADANA, TURKEY
Authors: YOLDASCAN ELÇIN , OYA M. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThis study of family planning in rural Adana, Turkey, collected data from 519 women aged between 16 and 55. Questionnaires were distributed in different districts during February 2006. The results showed that 81·3% of women used a contraceptive method. The IUD was the most widely used modern contraceptive method. There is a decrease in the average number of births per woman as the educational level of women increases.
Genistein fromFlemingia vestita(Fabaceae) enhances NO and its mediator (cGMP) production in a cestode parasite,Raillietina echinobothrida
Authors: DAS B. , TANDON V. , SAHA N. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCyclic GMP (cGMP) is responsible for various cellular functions including signal pathways and it acts as a mediator for nitric oxide (NO). In order to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of the plant-derived isoflavones, the crude peel extract ofFlemingia vestitaand pure genistein were tested with respect to the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NO efflux and the cGMP concentration inRallietina echinobothrida, the cestode parasite of domestic fowl. For comparison, the parasites were also treated with genistein (the major isoflavone present in the crude peel extract), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a known NO donor, and praziquantel (PZQ), the reference drug. At the time of onset of paralysis in the parasite, the activity of NOS showed a significant increase (35–46%) and a 2-fold increase of NO efflux into the incubation medium in the treated worms in comparison to the respective controls. The cGMP concentration in the parasite tissue increased by 46–84% in the treated test worms in comparison to the controls. The results show that the isoflavones, genistein in particular, from the crude peel extract ofF. vestitainfluence the cGMP concentration in the parasite tissue, which plays a major role in the downstream signal pathways.
Cancer International Research Group (CIRG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Cancer International Research Group (CIRG). Clinical trials include:
A multicenter phase III randomized trial comparing docetaxel in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (TAC) versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (A → CT) as adjuvant treatment of operable breast cancer her2neu-negative patients with positive axillary lymph nodes.CIRG 005Multicenter phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (AC→T) with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (AC→TH) and with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) in the adjuvant treatment of node-positive and high-risk node-negative patients with operable breast cancer containing the her2neu alteration. BCIRG 006.A multicenter phase III randomized trial comparing docetaxel (Taxotere) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) with docetaxel (Taxotere), platinum salt (cisplatin or carboplatin) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) as first line chemotherapy for patients with advanced breast cancer containing the her2neu alteration. BCIRG 007
Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest – Mammella Intergruppo (GONO MIG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest – Mammella Intergruppo (GONO MIG). Clinical trials include:
Standard CEF versus accelerated CEF as adjuvant chemotherapy in node-positive or high-risk node-negative (T > 2 cm, age <35 years, G3, negative hormone receptors or high TL1 or S-phase) breast cancer. A phase III randomized trial. MIG-1Epirubicin plus paclitaxel versus cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer patients. A phase III randomized study. MIG-5A phase III randomized study of sequential epidoxorubicin plus cyclophosp-amide followed by docetaxel (EC D) versus a combination of 5-fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and cyclophosp-amide (FEC) as adjuvant treatment of node-negative early breast cancer patients.A phase III randomized study of EC followed by paclitaxel versus FEC followed by paclitaxel, all given either every 3 or 2 weeks supported by pegfilgrastim, for node-positive breast cancer patients.Prevention of chemotherapy-induced menopause by temporary ovarian suppression with triptorelin versus control in young breast cancer patients. A randomized phase III multicenter study.Letrozole adjuvant therapy duration (lead) study: standard versus long treatment. A phase III trial in post-menopausal women with early breast cancer.
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Radiation therapy Oncology group (RTOG). Clinical trials include:
RTOG 9804: Phase III trial of observation ± tamoxifen versus RT ± tamoxifen for good risk duct carcinoma in-situ(DCIS) of the female breast.NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413: A randomized phase III study of conventional whole breast irradiation (WBI) versus partial breast irradiation (PBI) for women with stage 0, I, or II breast cancer.A phase II trial to evaluate three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-RT) confined to the region of the lumpectomy cavity for stage I and II breast carcinoma.
Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) – Breast Cancer Project Group
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) – Breast Cancer Project Group. Clinical trials include:
Randomized phase III trial of Herceptin followed by chemotherapy plus Herceptin versus the combination of Herceptin and chemotherapy as palliative treatment in patients with HER2-overexpressing advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Protocol SAKK 22/99Trastuzumab monotherapy followed by the combination of trastuzumab and letrozole in post-menopausal women with ER-positive, HER-2 positive advanced breast cancer resistant to a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. A multicenter two-step phase II trial Protocol SAKK 23/03Phase I–II trial of capecitabine and vinorelbine in elderly patients ( 65 years) with metastatic breast cancer with and without bone involvement. Protocol SAKK 25/99Phase I/II trial of capecitabine with weekly paclitaxel for advanced breast cancer. Protocol SAKK 26/00
Scandinavian Breast Group (SBG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Scandinavian Breast Group (SBG). Clinical trials include:
High-dose chemotherapy + autologous stem cell transplantation compared with dose escalating chemotherapy in breast cancer with poor prognosis ≥ 8 positive lymph nodes or ≥ 5 lymph nodes combined with R-combined with either G II–III or high S-phase. A randomized study. SBG 9401Standard CEF-60 versus tailored CEF in high-risk primary breast cancer. SBG CEF-60, SBG 2000-1HABITS – Hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer diagnosis – is it safe? BIG 03-97A phase II study continuing into a randomized phase III study comparison of safety, feasibility and efficacy of: dose dense and tailored and dose escalated epirubicin + cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (dEC→T) or dose dense epirubicin + cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (EC→T) or docetaxel + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (TAC) in lymph node positive breast cancer patients. SBG 2004-1 STUDY
Intact Plant Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study Dynamics in Long-Distance Sap Flow and Flow-Conducting Surface Area
Authors: Scheenen T.W.J. , Vergeldt F.J. , Heemskerk A.M. , Van As H. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Due to the fragile pressure gradients present in the xylem and phloem, methods to study sap flow must be minimally invasive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) meets this condition. A dedicated MRI method to study sap flow has been applied to quantify long-distance xylem flow and hydraulics in an intact cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plant. The accuracy of this MRI method to quantify sap flow and effective flow-conducting area is demonstrated by measuring the flow characteristics of the water in a virtual slice through the stem and comparing the results with water uptake data and microscopy. The in-plane image resolution of 120 × 120 μm was high enough to distinguish large individual xylem vessels. Cooling the roots of the plant severely inhibited water uptake by the roots and increased the hydraulic resistance of the plant stem. This increase is at least partially due to the formation of embolisms in the xylem vessels. Refilling the larger vessels seems to be a lengthy process. Refilling started in the night after root cooling and continued while neighboring vessels at a distance of not more than 0.4 mm transported an equal amount of water as before root cooling. Relative differences in volume flow in different vascular bundles suggest differences in xylem tension for different vascular bundles. The amount of data and detail that are presented for this single plant demonstrates new possibilities for using MRI in studying the dynamics of long-distance transport in plants.
Phosphorus Stress in Common Bean: Root Transcript and Metabolic Responses
Authors: Hernández Georgina , Ramírez Mario , Valdés-López Oswaldo , Tesfaye Mesfin , Graham Michelle A. , Czechowski Tomasz , Schlereth Armin , Wandrey Maren , Erban Alexander , Cheung Foo , Wu Hank C. , Lara Miguel , Town Christopher D. , Kopka Joachim , Udvardi Michael K. , Vance Carroll P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth. Crop production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the most important legume for human consumption, is often limited by low P in the soil. Functional genomics were used to investigate global gene expression and metabolic responses of bean plants grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. P-deficient plants showed enhanced root to shoot ratio accompanied by reduced leaf area and net photosynthesis rates. Transcript profiling was performed through hybridization of nylon filter arrays spotted with cDNAs of 2,212 unigenes from a P deficiency root cDNA library. A total of 126 genes, representing different functional categories, showed significant differential expression in response to P: 62% of these were induced in P-deficient roots. A set of 372 bean transcription factor (TF) genes, coding for proteins with Inter-Pro domains characteristic or diagnostic for TF, were identified from The Institute of Genomic Research/Dana Farber Cancer Institute Common Bean Gene Index. Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, 17 TF genes were differentially expressed in P-deficient roots; four TF genes, including MYB TFs, were induced. Nonbiased metabolite profiling was used to assess the degree to which changes in gene expression in P-deficient roots affect overall metabolism. Stress-related metabolites such as polyols accumulated in P-deficient roots as well as sugars, which are known to be essential for P stress gene induction. Candidate genes have been identified that may contribute to root adaptation to P deficiency and be useful for improvement of common bean.
Developmental Genes Have Pleiotropic Effects on Plant Morphology and Source Capacity, Eventually Impacting on Seed Protein Content and Productivity in Pea
Authors: Burstin Judith , Marget Pascal , Huart Myriam , Moessner Annie , Mangin Brigitte , Duchene Christiane , Desprez Bruno , Munier-Jolain Nathalie , Duc Gérard 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Increasing pea (Pisum sativum) seed nutritional value and particularly seed protein content, while maintaining yield, is an important challenge for further development of this crop. Seed protein content and yield are complex and unstable traits, integrating all the processes occurring during the plant life cycle. During filling, seeds are the main sink to which assimilates are preferentially allocated at the expense of vegetative organs. Nitrogen seed demand is satisfied partly by nitrogen acquired by the roots, but also by nitrogen remobilized from vegetative organs. In this study, we evaluated the respective roles of nitrogen source capacity and sink strength in the genetic variability of seed protein content and yield. We showed in eight genotypes of diverse origins that both the maximal rate of nitrogen accumulation in the seeds and nitrogen source capacity varied among genotypes. Then, to identify the genetic factors responsible for seed protein content and yield variation, we searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed traits and for indicators of sink strength and source nitrogen capacity. We detected 261 QTL across five environments for all traits measured. Most QTL for seed and plant traits mapped in clusters, raising the possibility of common underlying processes and candidate genes. In most environments, the genes Le and Afila, which control internode length and the switch between leaflets and tendrils, respectively, determined plant nitrogen status. Depending on the environment, these genes were linked to QTL of seed protein content and yield, suggesting that source-sink adjustments depend on growing conditions.
Molecular Evolution of Lysin Motif-Type Receptor-Like Kinases in Plants
Authors: Zhang Xue-Cheng , Wu Xiaolei , Findley Seth , Wan Jinrong , Libault Marc , Nguyen Henry T. , Cannon Steven B. , Stacey Gary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe lysin motif (LysM) domain is an ancient and ubiquitous protein module that binds peptidoglycan and structurally related molecules. A genomic survey in a large number of species spanning all kingdoms reveals that the combination of LysM and receptor kinase domains is present exclusively in plants. However, the particular biological functions and molecular evolution of this gene family remain largely unknown. We show that LysM domains in plant LysM proteins are highly diversified and that a minimum of six distinct types of LysM motifs exist in plant LysM kinase proteins and five additional types of LysM motifs exist in nonkinase plant LysM proteins. Further, motif similarities suggest that plant LysM motifs are ancient. Although phylogenetic signals are not sufficient to resolve the earliest relationships, plant LysM motifs may have arisen through common ancestry with LysM motifs in other kingdoms. Within plants, the gene family has evolved through local and segmental duplications. The family has undergone further duplication and diversification in legumes, where some LysM kinase genes function as receptors for bacterial nodulation factor. Two pairs of homeologous regions were identified in soybean (Glycine max) based on microsynteny and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression data show that most plant LysM kinase genes are expressed predominantly in the root and that orthologous LysM kinase genes share similar tissue expression patterns. We also examined synteny around plant LysM kinase genes to help reconstruct scenarios for the evolution of this important gene family.
A Reevaluation of the Key Factors That Influence Tomato Fruit Softening and Integrity
Authors: Saladié Montserrat , Matas Antonio J. , Isaacson Tal , Jenks Matthew A. , Goodwin S. Mark , Niklas Karl J. , Xiaolin Ren , Labavitch John M. , Shackel Kenneth A. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Lytovchenko Anna , O'Neill Malcolm A. , Watkins Chris B. , Rose Jocelyn K.C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe softening of fleshy fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), during ripening is generally reported to result principally from disassembly of the primary cell wall and middle lamella. However, unsuccessful attempts to prolong fruit firmness by suppressing the expression of a range of wall-modifying proteins in transgenic tomato fruits do not support such a simple model. ‘Delayed Fruit Deterioration’ (DFD) is a previously unreported tomato cultivar that provides a unique opportunity to assess the contribution of wall metabolism to fruit firmness, since DFD fruits exhibit minimal softening but undergo otherwise normal ripening, unlike all known nonsoftening tomato mutants reported to date. Wall disassembly, reduced intercellular adhesion, and the expression of genes associated with wall degradation were similar in DFD fruit and those of the normally softening ‘Ailsa Craig’. However, ripening DFD fruit showed minimal transpirational water loss and substantially elevated cellular turgor. This allowed an evaluation of the relative contribution and timing of wall disassembly and water loss to fruit softening, which suggested that both processes have a critical influence. Biochemical and biomechanical analyses identified several unusual features of DFD cuticles and the data indicate that, as with wall metabolism, changes in cuticle composition and architecture are an integral and regulated part of the ripening program. A model is proposed in which the cuticle affects the softening of intact tomato fruit both directly, by providing a physical support, and indirectly, by regulating water status.
barren inflorescence2Encodes a Co-Ortholog of thePINOIDSerine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize
Authors: McSteen Paula , Malcomber Simon , Skirpan Andrea , Lunde China , Wu Xianting , Kellogg Elizabeth , Hake Sarah 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOrganogenesis in plants is controlled by meristems. Axillary meristems, which give rise to branches and flowers, play a critical role in plant architecture and reproduction. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) have additional types of axillary meristems in the inflorescence compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and thus provide an excellent model system to study axillary meristem initiation. Previously, we characterized the barren inflorescence2 (bif2) mutant in maize and showed that bif2 plays a key role in axillary meristem and lateral primordia initiation in the inflorescence. In this article, we cloned bif2 by transposon tagging. Isolation of bif2-like genes from seven other grasses, along with phylogenetic analysis, showed that bif2 is a co-ortholog of PINOID (PID), which regulates auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis showed that bif2 is expressed in all axillary meristems and lateral primordia during inflorescence and vegetative development in maize and rice. Further phenotypic analysis of bif2 mutants in maize illustrates additional roles of bif2 during vegetative development. We propose that bif2/PID sequence and expression are conserved between grasses and Arabidopsis, attesting to the important role they play in development. We provide further support that bif2, and by analogy PID, is required for initiation of both axillary meristems and lateral primordia.
Barley MLO Modulates Actin-Dependent and Actin-Independent Antifungal Defense Pathways at the Cell Periphery
Authors: Miklis Marco , Consonni Chiara , Bhat Riyaz A. , Lipka Volker , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Panstruga Ralph 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCell polarization is a crucial process during plant development, as well as in plant-microbe interactions, and is frequently associated with extensive cytoskeletal rearrangements. In interactions of plants with inappropriate fungal pathogens (so-called non-host interactions), the actin cytoskeleton is thought to contribute to the establishment of effective barriers at the cell periphery against fungal ingress. Here, we impeded actin cytoskeleton function in various types of disease resistance using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic interference via ectopic expression of an actin-depolymerizing factor-encoding gene, ADF. We demonstrate that barley (Hordeum vulgare) epidermal cells require actin cytoskeleton function for basal defense to the appropriate powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei and for mlo-mediated resistance at the cell wall, but not for several tested race-specific immune responses. Analysis of non-host resistance to two tested inappropriate powdery mildews, Erysiphe pisi and B. graminis f. sp. tritici, revealed the existence of actin-dependent and actin-independent resistance pathways acting at the cell periphery. These pathways act synergistically and appear to be under negative control by the plasma membrane-resident MLO protein.