bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstacles and opportunities for care collaboration through the utilisation of a preventive care process for frail older adults: a study protocol for a mixed methods study design
Authors: Boström Martina Karin , Larsson Ranada Åsa , Wijk Helle , Skott Pia , Erichsen Anette , Rothenberg Elisabet 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundFrail older adults constitute a significant vulnerable group with complex healthcare needs requiring collaboration between various care providers and professions. Despite this requirement, there are considerable knowledge gaps in how to achieve effective collaboration. Preventive measures such as addressing pressure ulcers, falls, malnutrition and poor oral health often receive low priority compared with treating diseases or injuries. This study aims to enhance our understanding of how care collaboration in the preventive care process (PcP) using the Senior alert (SA) register could improve patient safety and equality of care for frail older adults in Sweden.MethodsThis study, conducted over 4 years, employs an explanatory mixed methods design, divided into three phases. The study protocol comprises the two first phases.Phase 1 (quantitative)Data from SA (2019–2021) will be analysed to compare municipalities regarding the quality of registration in the PcP. Municipalities with high and low compliance indices will be identified and analysed together with data on demographics, socioeconomics and organisation from Statistics Sweden.Phase 2 (qualitative)Focus group interviews will be conducted in residential care units in the municipalities identified in phase 1 with interprofessional teams and older persons/next of kin. Additionally, 30 semi-structured individual interviews with residential care managers and other relevant stakeholders will explore obstacles and opportunities for effective care collaboration.DiscussionWe foresee that the results will contribute to the development of a model for effective PcP and care collaboration that can be used to improve patient safety and quality of care for frail older adults. This model can be tested and upscaled to achieve a more effective and equitable healthcare system.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Swedish ethical review authority. Dissemination plans involve publications, data deposition and engagement with healthcare stakeholders to ensure the practical application of the findings.
Clinicians’ experience with infographic summaries from the BMJ Rapid Recommendations: a qualitative user-testing study among residents and interns at a large teaching hospital in Switzerland
Authors: Hirschel Tiffany , Vandvik Per , Agoritsas Thomas 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveClinicians need trustworthy clinical practice guidelines to succeed with evidence-based diagnosis and treatment at the bedside. The BMJ Rapid Recommendations explore innovative ways to enhance dissemination and uptake, including multilayered interactive infographics linked to a digitally structured authoring and publication platform (the MAGICapp). We aimed to assess user experiences of physicians in training in various specialties when they interact with these infographics.DesignWe conducted a qualitative user-testing study to assess user experience of a convenience sample of physicians in training. User testing was carried out through guided think-aloud sessions. We assessed six facets of user experience using a revised version of Morville’s framework: usefulness, understandability, usability, credibility, desirability and identification.SettingSetting include Geneva’s University Hospital, a large teaching hospital in Switzerland.ParticipantsParticipants include a convenience sample of residents and interns without restriction regarding medical field or division of care.ResultsMost users reported a positive experience. The infographics were understandable and useful to rapidly grasp the key elements of the recommendation, its rationale and supporting evidence, in a credible way. Some users felt intimidated by numbers or the amount of information, although they perceived there could be a learning curve while using generic formats. Plain language summaries helped complement the visuals but could be further highlighted. Despite their generally positive experience, several users had limited understanding of key GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) domains of the quality of evidence and remained uncertain by the implication of weak or conditional recommendations.ConclusionOur study allowed to identify several aspects of guideline formats that improve their understandability and usefulness. Guideline organisations can use our findings to adapt their presentation format to enhance their dissemination and uptake in clinical practice. Avenues for research include the interplay between infographics and the digital authoring platform, multiple comparisons and living guidelines.
Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
Authors: Gao Jingwei , Akbari Ashley , Ahmed Haroon , Davies Aled , Yeoman Andrew , Pembroke Thomas Peter Ignatius 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and key demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of individuals with liver disease in Wales.Design and settingThis study is designed as a retrospective observational study that linked data of anonymised identified individuals from primary, secondary care and mortality data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales.ParticipantsAll Welsh residents who registered with a SAIL-contributing general practitioner (GP) and diagnosed with liver disease from 2004 to 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcome is the annual age-standardised incidence rate of liver disease. Secondary outcome is the numbers and frequencies of underlying aetiology and the associated comorbidities.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2022, 111 098 individuals received a diagnosis of liver disease in Wales and were included in this study. The incidence of liver disease increased threefold during the study period (97.7 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 to 316.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2022). A total of 79 992 individuals (72%) entered the cohort with the underlying aetiology of liver disease, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, metabolic, haemochromatosis and autoimmune liver diseases. NAFLD has contributed to most of the change in incidence.ConclusionsWe observed increasing incidence rates of liver disease in Wales, with NAFLD showing a particularly sharp increase and frequently identified as an underlying condition. A better understanding of the incidence of liver disease is the first step towards effective prevention, early detection and targeted intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Carbon monoxide produced by HO-1 upregulation is the main factor behind the abnormal motility seen in experimental ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Zhao Mengchao , Lei Yaru , Wang Mengyuan , Chen Yixin , Hou Shaozhang , Dai Xinyuan , Gao Di , Liu Yudan , Mazet Bruno , Sha Lei 
Published: February 2025

The colonic motility is altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanism is not clear. Carbon monoxide (CO) is the molecule regulating the resting membrane potential (RMP) gradient across colonic smooth muscle wall. Changes in RMP will affect the contractility of smooth muscle. In this study, we investigated the altered colonic motility in dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC mice and the role of CO. The results showed that in the UC group, the frequency of spontaneous colonic contractions was increased while the AUC was decreased compared to the control group. HO-1, but not HO-2, positive cells were increased in the colonic smooth muscle wall of UC group. These HO-1 positive cells were mainly in the myenteric plexus and PGP9.5 positive, suggesting neuronal overproduction of CO. The RMP of circular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the colon of UC group was hyperpolarized compared to that of control group. In control group, application of CORM-3, a CO donor, altered colonic spontaneous contractions by increasing their frequency and decreasing amplitude. In UC group, ZnPPIX, a HO-1 inhibitor, reduced the frequency and increased the amplitude. CORM-3 hyperpolarized the RMP of colonic SMC and abolished its gradient in control group, while ZnPPIX depolarized the RMP of colonic SMC and restored its gradient in UC group. Conclusions: CO produced by HO-1 upregulation is the main factor behind the altered colinic motility seen in UC mice. CO is a potential candidate as a therapeutic target for patients with UC who suffer abnormal colonic motility.
A Political Analysis of the Constitutional Provisions of Self-Rule in Ethiopia’s Ethnic Federal System
Authors: Gelaneh Getent Addisu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Today, federalism is used as a means of accommodating the diversity of different groups with diverse interests by minimizing the chances of minority groups controlling the majority around the world. Ethiopia established a de facto federal system in 1991 and a legal system in 1995 to manage the diverse interests of its ethnic groups. As pillars of federalism, autonomy and self-determination must be treated fairly for the benefit of all ethnic groups. In a divided society like Ethiopia, autonomy and representation of the middle class become even more important. Although the country’s constitution invests heavily in protecting the autonomy and representation rights of minority groups, Ethiopia’s federal system shows gaps in fully implementing these rights at the local level. This is largely due to legal loopholes and other practical issues that manifest themselves in the form of interference from government officials and incumbent political parties. The paper aimed to investigate the Ethiopian constitutional and legal provisions on minority nationality self-administration using the Awi nation council administration as a case study. To address the objectives of the study, the researcher employed a qualitative approach with a case study as the study design and used primary and secondary data sources. Primary data collected from the key informant interview and focus group discussions Secondary data was also collected from different books, reports, journals, published and unpublished proclamations, conference papers, dissertations, the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia constitution, and the revised Constitution of Amhara. The researcher used purposive sampling and thematic data analysis. With the view to realizing the right of self-administration in the Ethiopian federal structure, the finding of the study has revealed that self-rule is expressed through the distribution of self-determination, cultural autonomy, and effective political participation. The researcher argues that putting the equal recognition of the minority groups under the fake federal system is not sufficient rather the practical implementation of the minority ethnic groups under the different levels of government activities should get the attention of the minority group rights.
From Opaque Mysteries to Lucid Lenses
Authors: Cattaneo Marcello 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article analyses an overlooked phenomenon in the history of Reformed Hebraism in the era of ‘high orthodoxy’ (c. 1640–1720), namely the increasing interest in Kabbalah as an ancient tradition of ‘mystical’ exegesis. It enquires into the reasons that propelled this interest, proposing that they are to be found in the attempt to elaborate an acceptable notion of an allegorical sense of Scripture that was current in antiquity, as well as in the insistence (which was of particular importance in anti-Remonstrant polemics) that the Trinity and the divinity of the Messiah were known to the ancient Jews through the Old Testament and its interpretation. Finally, the article shows how these ideas developed in the more specific context of Dutch Reformed theology, where Kabbalah was understood by some scholars (especially around the Groningen professor Jacob Alting) as evidence of the spiritual dimension inherent in the Mosaic covenant.
Martin Luther, Kabbalah, and Jewish Magic
Authors: Burnett Stephen G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Martin Luther concerned himself with Kabbalah at two points during his long career as a theologian. From 1513 to 1519, he first considered and then rejected Kabbalah as a kind of spiritual ‘ladder’ that allowed believers a fuller experience of the otherwise ‘hidden’ God. Later, in 1543, he wrote against the Jews’ ‘superstitious’ beliefs about the tetragrammaton and kabbalistic ‘magic’ generally. This essay will consider the sources of Luther’s kabbalistic knowledge, his understanding of what Jews believed about Kabbalah, and how Kabbalah fit into Luther’s own views concerning Jews and Judaism more generally. Luther believed that the devil was involved in promoting Kabbalah and Jewish magical practices both to deceive its practitioners and their followers, and as a way of redirecting worship away from the true God.
Gershom Scholem and Christian Kabbalah
Authors: Campanini Saverio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper tries to shed light on the value and limitations of the label ‘Christian Kabbalah’ for our knowledge of the historical phenomenon it describes. It works out how Christian scholars approached Kabbalah for a variety of reasons, be they instrumental, polemicizing or glorifying approaches, or for further motives. In addition, the article examines how the basic lines of the field of research around the Kabbalah in general were established and which impulses emanated from Gershom Scholem in particular. It concludes with an examination of Scholem’s religious philosophy with regard to his own research interest in the Kabbalah, which goes, in Scholem’s words, beyond historiography in some cases. Scholem described academic research on Kabbalah as ‘ironic’ and this irony affects his own ambivalent attitude towards the Christian Kabbalists of the Renaissance and the early modern epoch.
The State of the Social Sciences in Iran
Authors: Kamrava Mehran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The project of indigenizing the social sciences in Iran and coming up with a distinctively Iranian-Islamic social scientific framework has had little success. Despite repeated state efforts and an impressive intellectual pedigree, the failure of the indigenization project is rooted in the structural limitations of the evolution of the social sciences in Iran on the one hand, and the political environment and pressures placed upon it on the other. The rising popularity of social science fields since the 2000s has so far not translated into a deepening understanding of social science disciplines per se. Meanwhile, the state’s championing of the indigenization project, which in practice has meant Islamization, has been its very undoing. The ultimate outcome has been the underdevelopment of the social sciences in Iran, whether as general fields of inquiry or as an indigenous framework for better understanding the country’s social conditions.
Alternative Paradigms or Ideological Alignment?
Authors: Tavasoli Atieh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article delves into the paradoxical evolution of Islamic social science, where criticism of “Western” paradigms intersects with alignment with state authority, leading to the suppression of alternative perspectives within academia through the political intervention of the state to stabilize specific knowledge. The notion of the “Islamic University” in Iran reflects a broader suspicion of “Western” social sciences as cultural and political infiltration, aligning with the state’s project of establishing a “modern Islamic civilization” (Tamadon-e Novin-e Eslami). This demand for Islamic social science underscores the intertwined nature of academia, politics, and cultural identity in post-revolutionary Iran. The novelty of this article lies in its illustration of how this perspective on social sciences, entwined with political power, articulates specific notions about the ‘West’ and ‘Western’ social sciences. My focus is on the three significant projects championed by the state and its key representatives, aiming to critique “Western” social sciences and explore alternative paradigms. Firstly, the Heideggerian approach, spearheaded by Reza Davari Ardakani, the emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran and former member of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, critiques Western social sciences. Secondly, influenced by critics of modernity like Foucault and Eric Voegelin, the approach was represented by Hossein Kachu’iyan, a Sociology professor at the University of Tehran and a former member of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, who seeks alternative perspectives instead of sociology. Lastly, drawing from traditional Islamic sources and thinkers, the third approach represented by Hamid Parsania aims to establish Islamic social science.
Comparative Analysis of Investigative Bodies in a Three-Tier Criminal Justice Model
Authors: Koishubaeva Arailym , Sadvakassova Adel , Khanov Talgat , Fetkulov Alikzhan , Birzhanov Kairat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study develops a theoretical framework for understanding Kazakhstan’s three-tier criminal justice model, emphasizing recent legislative changes and insights from international practices. The primary focus is to examine how investigative bodies operate within this structure, drawing comparisons with similar models in Germany, France, and Italy. Employing methodologies such as statistical analysis, analogy, generalization, and comparative legal and formal legal approaches, the study identifies unique regulatory features across Kazakhstan and European countries, shaped by respective national interests. The three-tier model, encompassing investigative, judicial, and prosecutorial branches, each with distinct functions, offers insights for optimizing Kazakhstan’s criminal justice system. This analysis contributes actionable recommendations for improving Kazakhstan’s investigative processes by aligning with best practices in criminal law systems worldwide, ultimately aiming to enhance procedural efficiency, safeguard human rights, and strengthen the integrity of criminal investigations in Kazakhstan.
Relationship between the ultrasound features of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and positive PD-1/PD-L1 expression
Authors: Yan Ruiqian , Li Haixia , Gao Junxi 
Published: February 2025

Objectives To analyze differences in programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) expression, as well as the relationships between ultrasound/contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics and PD-1/PD-L1 expression, among invasive breast cancer molecular subtypes. Methods The study included 172 invasive breast cancer patients with surgical resection and pathological confirmation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2016 to April 2022. PD-1/PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. All patients underwent conventional ultrasound and some underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination before resection. Results PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in 112 and 121 cases, respectively. The luminal B and HER-2 subtypes had the lowest and highest PD-1 expression rates, respectively. The luminal B and triple-negative subtypes had the lowest and highest PD-L1 expression rates, respectively. Among 112 PD-1-positive cases, most luminal B cases exhibited ill-defined margins, while distant metastasis was more common in triple-negative cases. Among 121 PD-L1-positive cases, many HER-2-positive and triple-negative cases presented as large masses (diameter ≥ 2 cm), while luminal B cases were more likely to show calcification. Most luminal B PD-L1-positive cases displayed indistinct margins on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Conclusions PD-1 expression differed among molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer. Ultrasound/contrast-enhanced ultrasound features correlated with PD-1/PD-L1 expression in different breast cancer subtypes.
Potential Risk Factors for Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review of Cohort and Case-Control Studies
Authors: Davydow Dimitry S. , Okun Michael S. , Pontone Gregory M. 
Published: February 2025

Background Among neuropsychiatric sequelae of Parkinson’s disease (PD), psychosis may have the most adverse impacts on prognosis and quality of life. Objectives To summarize and critically review the literature on potential risk factors for psychosis in PD, with particular focus on potentially modifiable risk factors. Methods We conducted a literature review using PubMed and EMBASE. We included articles if: (1) the study population was comprised of patients with PD, (2) the presence of psychosis was systematically ascertained through clinician diagnosis, clinical outcome assessments and/or administrative data, and (3) potential risk factors were examined prior to the onset of psychosis. Results Twenty-six studies (15 prospective cohort, 10 retrospective cohort, 1 retrospective case-control) of 21 patient cohorts (n = 15,535 unique patients) were included in the review. Ten studies included minor phenomena in their definition of psychosis. The most consistent potential risk factors for psychosis were sleep disturbances, particularly rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and autonomic dysfunction. Potentially modifiable risk factors for psychosis included excessive daytime sleepiness and exposure to anticholinergic medications and levodopa. Possible biomarkers for psychosis in PD included reduced striatal dopamine transporter binding on imaging and mutations in the GBA gene. Conclusions Several studies have identified potentially modifiable risk factors for the development of psychosis in PD. Future studies should utilize consistent, validated definitions of psychosis and focus on increasing understanding of, and developing interventions for, potentially modifiable risk factors for psychosis in patients with PD.
HSPA1A inhibits pyroptosis and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury via DUSP1 inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: He Xuegang , Deng Bo , Zhang Cangyu , Zhang Guangzhi , Yang Fengguang , Zhu Daxue , Yang Yong , Ma Bing , Hu Xuchang , Wang Yonggang , Kang Xuewen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Inflammation and proinflammatory programmed cell death, referred to as pyroptosis, are important causes of poor functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Heat shock protein family A member 1A (HSPA1A) is a molecular chaperone protein that is highly expressed after TSCI and is thought to be neuroprotective. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HSPA1A after TSCI are unclear.

Methods
The levels of pyroptosis and inflammation after TSCI were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting analysis. The role of HSPA1A in regulating pyroptosis and inflammation in TSCI was verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The molecular mechanism of the effects of HSPA1A in TSCI was elucidated by bioinformatics and coimmunoprecipitation analyses.

Results
Pyroptosis and inflammation are significantly increased after TSCI. HSPA1A overexpression in microglia attenuated nigericin- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in vitro, whereas knockdown of HSPA1A aggravated pyroptosis and inflammation. In vivo, overexpression of HSPA1A reduced tissue damage, nerve cell death, pyroptosis, and inflammation in TSCI rats and promoted functional recovery. Mechanistically, we identified that HSPA1A interacts with dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) and inhibits activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thereby attenuating pyroptosis and inflammation.

Conclusion
HSPA1A reduces pyroptosis and inflammation after TSCI by upregulating DUSP1 and inhibiting MAPK pathway activation. HSPA1A activation has potential as a therapeutic approach to promote functional recovery after TSCI.