bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost‐effectiveness of biodiversity surveys in tropical forests
Authors: Gardner Toby A. , Barlow Jos , Araujo Ivanei S. , Ávila‐Pires Teresa Cristina , Bonaldo Alexandre B. , Costa Joana E. , Esposito Maria Cristina , Ferreira Leandro V. , Hawes Joseph , Hernandez Malva I. M. , Hoogmoed Marinus S. , Leite Rafael N. , Lo‐Man‐Hung Nancy F. , Malcolm Jay R. , Martins Marlucia B. , Mestre Luiz A. M. , Miranda‐Santos Ronildon , Overal William L. , Parry Luke , Peters Sandra L. , Ribeiro‐Junior Marco Antônio , Da Silva Maria N. F. , Da Silva Motta Catarina , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe identification of high‐performance indicator taxa that combine practical feasibility and ecological value requires an understanding of the costs and benefits of surveying different taxa. We present a generic and novel framework for identifying such taxa, and illustrate our approach using a large‐scale assessment of 14 different higher taxa across three forest types in the Brazilian Amazon, estimating both the standardized survey cost and the ecological and biodiversity indicator value for each taxon. Survey costs varied by three orders of magnitude, and dung beetles and birds were identified as especially suitable for evaluating and monitoring the ecological consequences of habitat change in our study region. However, an exclusive focus on such taxa occurs at the expense of understanding patterns of diversity in other groups. To improve the cost‐effectiveness of biodiversity research we encourage a combination of clearer research goals and the use of an objective evidence‐based approach to selecting study taxa.
Teleology for the Perplexed: How Matter Began to Matter
Authors: Sherman Jeremy , Deacon Terrence W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLacking a plausible model for the emergence of telos (purposive, representational, and evaluative relationships, as in life and consciousness) from simple material and energetic processes, the sciences operate as though all teleological relationships are physically epiphenomenal. Alternatively, in religion and the humanities it is assumed either that telos influences the material world from an outside or transcendental source or that it is a fundamental and ineffable property of things. We argue that a scientifically sound and intuitively plausible model for the physical emergence of teleological dynamics is now realizable. A methodology for formulating such a model and an exemplar case—the autocell—are presented. An autocell is an autocatalytic set of molecules that produce one another and also produce molecules that spontaneously accrete to form a hollow container, analogous to the way virus capsules form. The molecular capsules that result will spontaneously enclose some of the nearby molecules of the autocatalytic set, keeping them together so that when the autocell is broken open autocatalysis will resume. Autocells are thus self‐reconstituting, self‐reproducing, and minimally evolvable. They are not living and yet have necessary precursor attributes to telos, including individuality, functional interdependence of parts, end‐directedness, a minimal form of representation, and a normative (evaluational) relationship to different environmental properties. The autocell thus serves as a missing link between inanimate (nonlife) and animate (living) phenomena. We conclude by discussing the challenges that a natural origin for telos poses for religious thought.
Beyond Reductionism: Reinventing the Sacred
Authors: Kauffman Stuart 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have lived under the hegemony of the reductionistic scientific worldview since Galileo, Newton, and Laplace. In this view, the universe is meaningless, as Stephen Weinberg famously said, and organisms and a court of law are “nothing but” particles in morion. This scientific view is inadequate. Physicists are beginning to abandon reductionism in favor of emergence. Emergence, both epistemological and ontological, embraces the emergence of life and of agency. With agency comes meaning, value, and doing, beyond mere happenings. More organisms are conscious. None of this violates any laws of physics, but it cannot be reduced to physics. Emergence is real, and the tiger chasing the gazelle are real parts of the real universe.We live, therefore, in an emergent universe. This emergence often is entirely unpredictable beforehand, from the evolution of novel functionalities in organisms to the evolution of the economy and human history. We are surrounded on all sides by a creativity that cannot even be prestated. Thus we have the first glimmerings of a new scientific worldview, beyond reductionism. In our universe emergence is real, and there is ceaseless, stunning creativity that has given rise to our biosphere, our humanity, and our history. We are partial co‐creators of this emergent creativity.It is our choice whether we use the God word. I believe it is wise to do so. God can be our shared name for the true creativity in the natural universe. Such a view invites a new sense of the sacred, as those aspects of the creativity in the universe that we deem worthy of holding sacred. We are not logically forced to this view. Yet a global civilization, hopefully persistently diverse and creative, is emerging. I believe we need a shared view of God, a fully natural God, to orient our lives. We need a shared view of the sacred that is open to slow evolution, because rigidity in our view of the sacred violates how our most precious values evolve and invites ethical hegemony. We need a shared global ethic beyond our materialism. I believe a sense of God as the natural, awesome creativity in the universe can help us construct the sacred and a global ethic to help shape the global civilization toward what we choose with the best of our limited wisdom.
A Religious Interpretation of Emergence: Creativity as God
Authors: Kaufman Gordon D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThinking of God today as creativity (instead of as The Creator) enables us to bring theological values and meanings into significant connection with modern cosmological and evolutionary thinking. This conception connects our understanding of God with today's ideas of the Big Bang; cosmic and biological evolution; the evolutionary emergence of novel complex realities from simpler realities, and the irreducibility of these complex realities to their simpler origins; and so on. It eliminates anthropomorphism and anthropocentrism from the conception of God, thus overcoming one of the major reasons for the implausibility of God‐talk in today's world—here viewed as a highly dynamic reality (not an essentially stable structure), with God regarded as the ongoing creativity in this world. This mystery of creativity—God—manifest throughout the universe is quite awe‐inspiring, calling forth emotions of gratitude, love, peace, fear, and hope, and a sense of the profound meaningfulness of human existence in the world—issues with which faith in God usually has been associated. It is appropriate, therefore, to think of God today as precisely this magnificent panorama of creativity with which our universe and our lives confront us.
Tensile properties of the human glenoid labrum
Authors: Smith C. D. , Masouros S. D. , Hill A. M. , Wallace A. L. , Amis A. A. , Bull A. M. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHuman fresh‐frozen cadaveric glenoid labrae from 16 donors were harvested and ten of these had no gross degeneration. These ten were divided into eight equal circumferential sections. Each section was cut to produce test‐samples from the core layer with a cross‐section of 1 × 1 mm. Tensile testing was performed within a controlled environment unit at 37 ± 1 °C and 100% relative humidity. Each test‐sample was precycled to a quasi‐static state to alleviate the effects of deep‐freezing, prior to final testing. The tangent modulus was calculated for each test‐sample before and after a 5‐min period of stress relaxation and at yield. The mean elastic modulus and yield stress of the glenoid labrum were 22.8 ± 11.4 and 2.5 ± 2.1 MPa, respectively. The anterosuperior portion had a lower elastic modulus and lower yield stress than the inferior portion (both P < 0.02). The pre‐stress relaxation tangent modulus was significantly lower than the post‐stress relaxation tangent modulus for all portions of the labrum. The glenoid labrum has similar tensile material properties to articular cartilage. Its elastic modulus varies around its circumference. This suggests that the labrum may encounter different forces at different positions.
Cells migrating from the neural crest contribute to the innervation of the venous pole of the heart
Authors: Hildreth Victoria , Webb Sandra , Bradshaw Lucy , Brown Nigel A. , Anderson Robert H. , Henderson Deborah J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCells migrating from the neural crest are known to septate the outflow tract of the developing heart, and to contribute to the formation of the arterial valves, their supporting sinuses, the coronary arteries and cardiac neural ganglia. Neural crest cells have also been suggested to contribute to development of the venous pole of the heart, but the extent and fate of such cells remains unclear. In this study, in the mouse, it is shown that cells from the neural crest contribute to the parasympathetic and, to a lesser extent, the sympathetic innervation of the venous pole of the heart. Nerves within the venous pole of the heart are shown to be of mixed origin, with some being derived from the neural crest, while others have an alternative origin, presumably placodal. The neurons innervating the nodal tissue, which can exert chronotropic effects on cardiac conduction, are shown not to be derived from the neural crest. In particular, no evidence was found to support previous suggestions that cells from the neural crest make a direct contribution to the myocardial atrioventricular conduction axis, although a small subset of these cells do co‐localize with the developing left bundle branch. We have therefore confirmed that cells from the neural crest migrate to the venous pole of the heart, and that their major role is in the development of the parasympathetic innervation. In addition, in some embryos, a population of cells derived from the neural crest persist in the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves, but their role in subsequent development remains unknown.
Perceptions of how sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in patients with coronary heart disease: a phenomenographical study
Authors: Johansson Anna , Windahl Maria , Svanborg Eva , Fredrichsen Maria , Swahn Eva , Uhlin Pia Yngman , Edéll‐Gustafsson Ulla 
Published: November 2007

Objective:  A framework is needed for identifying internal and external factors essential for the nursing management of psychological supportive health care and education for patients’ self‐care in sleep. In order to generate more knowledge from the patient's perspective, the aim of this study was to describe how patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) perceive that their sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in outpatient care.Design:  Qualitative interviews were performed with 33 outpatients.Method:  The data were analysed using a phenomenographic method.Findings:  Three descriptive categories of the phenomenon were described: my lifestyle is reflected in my sleep behaviour; handling the practices around tiredness and sleep; and feelings of negative and positive efficacy. Feelings of tiredness, fatigue and sleepiness were different pre‐sleep stages, but were also related to the patient's adaptation and recovery. Creating one's own personal time and feelings of efficacy gave an inner sense of strength which is indicated as being particularly important in managing stress and the demands of everyday life in a satisfactory manner.Conclusion:  From a contextual, holistic perspective on health, it is important to identify the patient's needs, symptoms and intentional or unintentional self‐care management strategies regarding sleep and lifestyle. To promote a positive health outcome it is essential to identify sleeplessness behaviour and perceived self‐efficacy for self‐care in sleep.
Possible involvement of GABAergic modulation in the protective effect of gabapentin against immobilization stress‐induced behavior alterations and oxidative damage in mice
Authors: Kumar Anil , Goyal Richa 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction Acute stress may be experienced in response to an immediate physical, emotional or psychological stimulus. Stress has been known to affect several brain activities and promote long‐term changes in multiple neural systems. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of GABAergic modulation in the protective effect of gabapentin in acute immobilization‐induced behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in mice.Materials and methods Mice were immobilized for periods of 6 h. Animals were divided into different groups, consisting of six in each. Various GABAergic modulators were administered either alone or in their combinations, 30 min before subjecting the animals for immobilization stress. Various behavioral tests (mirror chamber, actophotometer) followed by oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde level, glutathione, catalase, nitrite and protein) were assessed in animals.Results Six hours acute immobilization stress caused significant locomotor impairment, anxiety‐like behavior in mice. Biochemical analyses also revealed an increase malondialdehyde, nitrite level and depletion of glutathione and catalase activity in 6 h stressed brains. Pretreatment with gabapentin (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly improved ambulatory movements, anti‐anxiety effect (decreased time latency to enter in mirror chamber, increased number of entries and duration in mirror chamber) and antioxidative activity in stressed mice (P < 0.05). Further, picrotoxin (1.0 mg/kg) blocked and muscimol (0.05 mg/kg) potentiated the protective action of gabapentin (50 mg/kg). Results of both behavior as well as biochemical alterations in combination studies were significant as compared to their effect per se (P < 0.05).Conclusion Results of present study suggest GABAergic modulation might be involved in the protective effect of gabapentin against immobilization‐induced behavior alteration and oxidative damage in mice.
Systemic administration of adenosine ameliorates pentylenetetrazol‐induced chemical kindling and secondary behavioural and biochemical changes in mice
Authors: Akula Kiran Kumar , Dhir Ashish , Kulkarni S.K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdenosine is one of the inhibitory neuromodulators in the brain and is considered to be responsible for seizure arrest and postictal refractoriness. Adenosine, adenosine receptor agonists, and adenosine uptake blockers are known to reduce the severity and duration of amygdala‐kindled seizures. The present study was carried out to elucidate the anticonvulsant and neuromodulatory effect of systemic adenosine on the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced chemical kindling in mice. Kindling was induced by chronic administration of a subconvulsive dose of PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) on every other day for a total period of 9 days. Adenosine was administered daily, 30 min before PTZ or vehicle. The kindling score was recorded immediately following PTZ administration according to a prevalidated scoring scale. Various behavioral and biochemical estimations were performed on day 10 (i.e. 24 h after the last dose of PTZ). Chronic PTZ treatment progressively increased the seizure score with the maximum score reached on day 9. Behavioral analysis found hyperlocomotor activity, anxiogenic response, hyperalgesia and amnesia in kindled mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic treatment with PTZ significantly increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels), nitrite (NO2− levels), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and total RNA levels and decreased catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain homogenates, and a depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. Daily treatment with adenosine (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 9 days led to a significant decrease in PTZ‐induced kindling score and also reversed various behavioral and biochemical alterations produced by PTZ. The results of the present study suggested that systemic adenosine administration reversed the behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by chronic PTZ.
Transference of attachment patterns: How important relationships influence feelings toward novel people
Authors: BRUMBAUGH CLAUDIA CHLOE , FRALEY R. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to examine how working models of attachment are transferred to novel relationships. Two targets were created that resembled either participants’ romantic partner or their parent. A third control target did not share overlapping features with participants’ significant others. Both global and specific working models of attachment influenced how participants perceived new people. The target manipulation also had a main effect on feelings toward the targets: Priming the representation of one’s partner evoked fears of rejection (attachment‐related anxiety) and reduced defensiveness (attachment‐related avoidance). Furthermore, relative to the control target, participants had a more positive overall attitude toward targets that resembled a partner but did not feel more positively toward targets that resembled a parent.
Enhancing relationship perceptions by reducing felt inferiority: The role of attachment style
Authors: DERRICK JAYE L. , MURRAY SANDRA L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo trust in a romantic partner’s acceptance and love, people need to believe they are just as good a person as their partner (and that their partner shares this perception). Yet, people low in attachment security may have difficulty sustaining these beliefs. Two experiments examined the consequences of reducing felt inferiority to the partner. Participants high in attachment anxiety (Experiment 1) and attachment avoidance (Experiment 2) reported greater confidence in their partner’s acceptance and love and attached greater value to their partner when led to feel (or to believe their partner saw them as) superior to their partner. Thus, reducing felt inferiority may effectively enhance relationship perceptions for people relatively low in attachment security.
You are my best friend: Commitment and stability in adolescents’ same‐sex friendships
Authors: BRANJE SUSAN J. T. , FRIJNS TOM , FINKENAUER CATRIN , ENGELS RUTGER , MEEUS WIM 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 2‐wave longitudinal study among 678 early and 317 middle adolescents investigated the applicability of Rusbult’s investment model to adolescent best friendships and tested its usefulness in predicting friendship stability. Results showed that satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investments predict commitment in friendships, both concurrently and over time. Furthermore, investment model variables predicted friendship stability and, among stable friendships, predicted the tendency to switch best friends. Commitment mediated the effects of satisfaction, investment, and alternatives on tendency to switch. As expected, gender and age differences were found in that alternatives were more important for older adolescents and associations among model variables were stronger for girls. Overall, the investment model proved useful in predicting commitment and stability in adolescents’ best friendships.
The experience of worry in parent–adult child relationships
Authors: HAY ELIZABETH L. , FINGERMAN KAREN L. , LEFKOWITZ EVA S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study examined the experience of worry in the parent–adult child relationship. A mother, father, and adult son or daughter from 213 families participated (N= 639). Parents and adult children commonly worried about one another and their worry reflected individual characteristics (e.g., neuroticism) and relationship characteristics (e.g., importance of the relationship and ambivalence). In addition, how much adults and their parents worried about one another influenced the other party’s perceptions of relationship quality. Specifically, adults and parents rated their relationships more positively and more negatively when the other party reported worrying about them more and communicating their worries to them more frequently. Findings underscore the importance of including experiences such as worry in research on emotional complexities in the parent–adult child relationship.
Do advertised preferences predict the behavior of speed daters?
Authors: KURZBAN ROBERT , WEEDEN JASON 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBecause researchers are making increasing use of data gleaned from Internet dating sites, it is important to know if the preferences people specify in Internet advertisements predict the choices that they actually make. HurryDate, a commercial speed‐dating firm, collected data from over 10,000 people in their 20s, 30s, and 40s who participated in speed‐dating events in cities across the United States. The present analysis compared these speed daters’ advertised preferences with their decisions to attend particular events and their choices of potential partners at the events they attended. Findings indicated that speed daters’ advertisements reflect frequently replicated sex differences and assortative patterns and that these advertised mate preferences predicted their decisions to attend particular events. Advertised preferences did not, in contrast, substantially predict decisions within events. These results support the conclusion that advertised preferences predict behavior in the mating domain in some contexts but not others.
Rasmussen encephalitis associated with SCN1A mutation
Authors: Ohmori Iori , Ouchida Mamoru , Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Jitsumori Yoshimi , Inoue Takushi , Shimizu Kenji , Matsui Hideki , Ohtsuka Yoko , Maegaki Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2007

Summary Mutations in the SCN1A gene, encoding the neuronal voltage‐gated sodium channel α1 subunit, cause SMEI, GEFS+, and related epileptic syndromes. We herein report the R1575C‐SCN1A mutation identified in a patient with Rasmussen encephalitis. R1575C were constructed in a recombinant human SCN1A and then heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells along with the human β1 and β2 sodium channel accessory subunits. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording was used to define biophysical properties. The R1575C channels exhibited increased channel availability and an increased persistent sodium current in comparison to the wild‐type. These defects of electrophysiological properties can result in neuronal hyperexitability. The seizure susceptibility allele may influence the pathogenesis of Rasmussen encephalitis in this case.