bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Umweltverhalten von Fluortensiden. Teil 2. Untersuchung der biochemischen Abbaubarkeit
Authors: Prescher D. , Gross U. , Wotzka J. , Tscheu‐Schlüter M. , Starke W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn continuation of a publication on the behaviour of fluorotensides in aqueous solution there were tested four selected fluorotensides, among them a noniononic ethoxylated substance and three anion‐active substances, in two different equipment with respect to their biochemical degradability. The BOD5, the potassium permanganate consumption, the dry matter contents and the loss on ignition as well as the dehydrogenase test were used as parameters for judging the degradation behaviour. In all the four cases a high biochemical stability was found, so that they must be classified into the group C “biochemically not degradable or difficult to degrade” in agreement with the results found, according to the water pollutants catalogue.
Kurzzeitermittlung der Ablaufqualität von Belebtschlammanlagen anhand der Atmungsaktivität
Authors: Spörl R. , Milz J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor checking the quality of the effluent from an activated sludge plant for waste‐waters from the sulphite pulp production the respiration of an activated sludge sample in air‐saturated water is determined initially without the addition of substrate (ground respiration) and after that with an addition of substrate (methanol, substrate respiration) by means of the Clark‐electrode. The measuring device is designed by means of zero displacement in such a way that the difference of the oxygen concentration is indicated by a time relay as the difference quotient. Between the ground respiration and the effluent concentration of BOD5 exists a significant positive regression, which can be used for controlling the plant. The determination of the substrate respiration serves only for checking with respect to perhaps given inhibition of the conversion of matter by the activated sludge. The determination of the activity of the activated sludge sample takes only 20 min; inclusive of the required determination of the dry matter of sludge, the technique provides a well reproducible measured value for the biochemical conversion in the activated sludge plant within 1… 1.5 h.
On the Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters Carrying Oily Emulsions, Surfactans and Sulphates
Authors: Gomolka E. , Gomolka B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe successful purification of waste waters from the leather and textile industries is possible by flocculation with aluminium sulphate and alkaline‐earth chlorides. BaCl2 proved very successful among the applied alkaline‐earth chlorides. The removal of oily emulsions and tensides was very effective when the waste waters were treated by a two‐stage flocculation process. By an excessive application of BaCl2 also a reduction of sulphate was obtained. Wastewaters treated in the neutral range showed a purification effect of 98 %, so that the effluents were clear and colourless. The time of sedimentation amounted to 1 h only. Segregated oil was successfully removed with the aid of a very absorptive polyurethane foam.
Hydrobiological Investigations of the Water Quality of the Water Supply Reservoirs Husinec and Římov
Authors: Porcalová P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe two eutrophicated reservoirs Husinec (2.6 km3, 35 ha, zmax 18 m, MQ 1.87 m3/s) and Římov (34.5 hm3, 216 ha, zmax 44 m, MQ 4.14 m3/s) show concentrations of total phosphorus of 10… 50 mg/m3 and chlorophyll contents of 7… 36 mg/m3 in the summer season. For both reservoirs a good correlation exists between the chlorophyll concentration and the density of the phytoplankton (20 · 103… 13 · 106 ind./l). With average concentrations of 10… 20 mg/m3 chlorophyll a in summer, the water can be treated for producing drinking water only at a higher expenditure. The water quality will be improved by a reduction of the phosphorus load.
Zur Beurteilung der Produktivität von Suspensionskulturen einzelliger Grünalgen bei definierten Lichtverhältnissen
Authors: Seiss U. , Borns E. , Böhm H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA description is given of the possibility of a comparison of the production between different suspension cultures of microalgae at equal and defined light conditions. For this, a variant of the turbidostat technique is used by which with the acid of a phototransistor and the filter combination of red filter/opal glass filter a chlorophyll‐equivalent signal is applied for control. The equal light conditions are compared and set by the preparation of the respective absorption profiles. From this one can derive the mean level of irradiation within the suspension cultures and use it as the reference value for the light conditions. By this technique it is possible to set equal light conditions in suspension cultures independent of the given cell sizes, cell shapes and dry matter contents.
Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von R+‐Bakterien im Flußwasser
Authors: Stelzer W. , Ziegert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith colony numbers of 2 · 104… 3 · 105 and coliform contents of 2 · 103… 1 · 1 · 104 per ml, in the investigated river section 2.1% of colonies were resistant to tetracycline, 0.3% to chloramphenicol, 7.5% to kanamycin, 5.4% to trimethoprim, 12.7% to ampicillin and 0.14% to gentamycin. For the coliforms the resistances were 5.1% to tetracycline, 2.1% to chloramphenicol, 2.7% to kanamycin and 0.15% to gentamycin. There were isolated 63 different resistance types. Of the resistant Klebsiella strains 75% were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Of the coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) 31.6… 51.9% of the strains transferred their antibiotics‐resistance to Escherichia coli K‐12, for the antibiotics‐resistant strains of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas a transfer of resistance was not observed at all.
Phycoperiphyton Development on an Artificial Substrate in the River Wye System, Wales, U. K. Part 1: Biomass Variation
Authors: Antoine S. E. , Benson‐Evans K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe phycoperiphyton on Perspex slides is investigated after an exposure for four weeks at six stations in the upper course of the River Wye System from June 1979 to June 1981. The pigment contents were between 0.1 and 48 mg/m2 chlotophyll‐a as well as 0.01 and 18 mg/m2 phaeophytin with a unimodal or bimodal annual variation (minima in winter, maxima in April and July). The biomass was between 55 and 11,000 cells/cm2 and is closely correlated with chlorophyll in the annual variation. The algal community colonizing the artificial substrate shows only a very slight similarity to that on the natural stones of the water. The SØRENSEN index lies between 0.1 and 0.7, the biomass on the artificial substrate amounts to only 0.7… 0.01 ‰, the chlorophyll quantity only 0.5… 0.007‰, the phaeophytin quantity only 1… 0.003‰ of the values on the natural stones. Therefore, the periphyton on artificial substrates represents only a more or less restricted selection of the real natural phycoperiphyton. At four of the six stations, biomass and chlorophyll are positively correlated with each other and with temperature and phosphorus concentration and negatively correlated with flow, current velocity, oxygen concentration, hardness and nitrate concentration.
Physico‐chemical Limnology of Lake Naini Tal, Kumaun, Himalaya (U. P.), India
Authors: Pant M. C. , Sharma P. C. , Sharma A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monomictic lake at a height of 1937 m, having an area of 48 ha, a mean depth of 16 m and a maximum depth of 27 m, is subjected to such an intensive use in its drainage area that the lake became eutrophicated. The spatial‐temporal distribution of important physico‐chemical criteria is represented for a period of two years. The depth of visibility varies between 0.4 m (March) and 2 m (June). The thermal stratification keeps up from March to November; therefore in the deep water zone a typical oxygen depletion and an enrichment of PO4P (26 μg/l) and of Ninerg (940 μg/l) occur. The pH‐value lies in the alkaline range and shows a significantly positive correlation with primary production and temperature and a negative correlation with the carbonate content. Also the oxygen concentration is positively correlated with the primary production and temperature. During stagnation, the sediment/water contact zone is free of oxygen for ca. 70 % of the area.
Einsatzkriterien, Untersuchungsmethoden und Qualitätsanforderungen für Aktivkohlen zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung
Authors: Huhn W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present state of the above mentioned points, inclusive of the determination of the degree of exhaustion and of the effect of regeneration is described and the respective methods of investigation are briefly explained. The statements made in this article constitute the contents of two drafts of respective special‐field standards concerning “water purification carbon”.
Identifizierung ausgewählter Pestizide im Wasser mit Hilfe eines screening‐Systems auf Grundlage der Dünnschichtchromatographie
Authors: Lienig D. , Schäfer K. , Reichelt G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter their extraction from water, 16 water pollutants of the families of triazines, urea herbicides, phenoxycarboxylic acids and organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides are separated and identified by thin‐layer chromatography. The method is suitable for routine analyses and was tested on model waters, inclusive of water from the Elbe river. The rate of redetection is up to 80%, the detection limit is at 0.5… 2 μg of the individual pollutants.
Zur Bemessung unterirdischer Enteisenungsanlagen. Teil 2: Kinetik der initialen Sauerstoffzehrung im Bodenmaterial eines reduzierten Grundwasserleiters
Authors: Reissig H. , Cnauck A. , Schwan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe experimental investigations were carried out on drill‐core samples in dynamical filtration tests with air‐saturated and oxygen‐gassed water. The description of the oxygen depletion, to which reactions with different rates contribute, is possible with regression equations as well as with balance equations. The first ones are suitable mainly for short‐time predictions, while the latter ones, for long‐term predictions. For a transfer to underground plants the temperature dependence of the rate of reaction should be taken into account.
Schadstoffbeseitigung aus Wasser durch Aktivkohleadsorption und Membranfiltration
Authors: Reissaus K. , Starke W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adsorbability of substances contained in water on activated carbon can be assessed relatively well from the physical and chemical properties and specific structural features of the substances. For difficultly adsorbable substances there have to be used combined techniques as coagulation/use of activated carbon, ozonation/use of activated carbon, membrane filtration/use of activated carbon or bioadsorption in the treatment of water. The two last‐named techniques are outlined. Especially the bioadsorption as a combination of physical adsorption and biochemical oxidation inside the carbon filter constitutes a valuable technique of water treatment for some substances and combinations of substances.
Deleterious Effects of Arsenic on the Nucleic Acids and Protein Metabolism in the Liver of Heteropneustes fossilis (BL.) — a Freshwater Teleost
Authors: Shukla J. Pd. , Dwivedi U. N. , Tewari P. , Prasad M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present paper deals with the toxic effects if any of the two concentrations of Arsenic(III)‐oxide on the nucleic acids and protein metabolism in the liver of H. fossilis after exposure for 20 and 30 days. Causes for significant alterations have been discussed.
Occurrence and Chemistry of Zinc in Freshwaters — its Toxicity and Bioaccumulation with Respect to Algae: A Review. Part 1: Occurrence and Chemistry of Zinc in Freshwaters
Authors: Vymazal J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractZinc is a fairly abundant metal, it has been estimated that zinc represents 0.004 percent of the earth's crust and is twenty‐fifth in the order of abundance. Its concentrations in surface waters vary greatly with locality; the highest concentrations of zinc have been observed in areas with acid mine drainage, but zinc enters surface waters in many other ways. Chemical thermodynamic calculations summarized by solubility graphs are given. The zinc solubility may be significantly controlled by stream sediments; Zn concentrations of sediments from various areas are given. Many techniques for extraction from sediments have been developed, they differ in efficiency.
Migration of Lead‐210 and Stable Load in Surface Waters Impacted by Uranium Mine Wastes
Authors: Beneš P. , Zvclánek L. , Čeochanová M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWater and sediment samples from two surface water systems were analysed for 210Pb and stable lead in order to elucidate the environmental importance and fate of 210Pb released from uranium mining. In one system mine drainage waters treated by precipitation of barium sulfate contained a considerable activity of 210Pb in particulate form. Spoil piles were the main source of 210Pb in the second system, with the dissolved 210Pb being the predominant migration form. In both systems the concentration of 210Pb rapidly decreased with distance from the source indicating that waterborne 210Pb did not represent an environmental problem. Uranium mining did not add significant amounts of stable lead into the surface water systems. It has been found that bottom sediments are a sensitive indicator of the pollution of surface waters with 210Pb.
Beiträge zur Dynamik der Biomasse in Oxydationsteichen. Teil 3: Untersuchungen an der Teichanlage Greifswald‐Ladebow nach Einsatz einer Kreiselbelüftungsanlage
Authors: Schwarz S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe wastewater treatment is carried out in two parallel pond groups: South–9200 m3/d, 1748 kg/d BOD5, preliminary clarifier (1.1 ha, 22000 m3), three ponds (9.8 ha, 88000 m3), naturel aeration; North −5700 m3/d, 2394 kg/d BOD5, Imhoff tank, three ponds (7.9 ha, 71000 m3), the pond 1 artificially aerated by gyroscopic units. The different loads of 15.9 and 33.7 g/m3 d BOD5 results in rates of removal of 11.2 and 22.5 g/m3d BOD5, resp. Therefore, the efficiency of the naturally aerated system is higher than that of the artificially aerated system. In the aerated system mainly the bacterial growth is promoted, a typical algal state being achieved only slowly, whereas the naturally aerated system gains a summer‐time algal maximum in the ponds 2 and 3, which is accompanied already by zooplankton populations. In the dynamics of the biomass development, the higher efficiency of the four‐stage, naturally aerated system is especially obvious.
Eine rationelle Variante der ΔpH‐Methode zur Bestimmung von Cholinesterasehemmern in Wasserproben
Authors: Schmaland G. , Schulert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWater samples of 100 ml are salted out with 35 g NaCl and extracted with 3 × 10 ml chloroform, the extract is dried and taken up with 0.2 ml ethanol. The ethanol extract is incubated with 7.857 mmol/l acetylcholinhydrochloride and an enzymatic activity of 88.8 U/l cholinesterase from horse‐serum. An inhibition of cholinesterase and, therefore, of the formation of acetic acid from acetylcholin is caused by P‐organic insecticides present in the investigated extract. Since the reaction proceeds in a buffer at pH 8.2 … 8.3, the pH‐difference occurring between sample and control constitutes a measure of the cholinesterase inhibition. Prior to reaction, an oxidation is required for thio‐compounds, which is carried out with bromine water for parathion and with potassium permanganate for dimethoat. The detection limits of the method are in the nanogram‐range. Extractives from plants as well as substances from faecal matter may have a disturbing effect.
The Accumulation of Crimidin in Some Fish Organs
Authors: Janalík B. , Wohlgemuth E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe accumulation of crimidin in total samples and in some organs of five fish species was studied under experimental conditions. The species were Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Tinca tinca, Scardinus erythrophthalmus and Leucaspius delineatus. Fish were exposed to concentrations of 10 mg · l−l and 50 mg · l−1. During short‐term experiments water and fish samples were taken at intervals of t = 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, during the long‐term experiment sampling was performed weekly for six weeks. Total samples were analysed for C. carassius, T. tinca, S. erythrophthalmus and L. delineatus.Samples of individual organs and tissues were taken as follows: C. carpio – gills, digestive tract, muscular tissue, kidneys, gonads; C. carassius – gills, digestive tract, muscular tissue, ovaries, testes. Crimidin was determined by gas chromatography. In samples from the short‐term experiments at a concentration of 10 mg · l−1 in the water the amount was roughly 101–10 mg · kg−1, at a concentration of 50 mg · l−1 in the water roughly 101 mg · kg−1. In most cases the accumulation coefficient was lower than 1.0. The accumulation capacity of individual fish species did not differ greatly. Of the internal organs only the kidneys had a high accumulation capacity, otherwise the highest values were found in muscular tissue and the gills. After one – three weeks the amount of crimidin in most organs falls, and after transfer to clean water there is a general sharp decline. Thus crimidin is not firmly bound in the body.
Analyse der Wasserpflanzenentwicklung in Grabensystemen zur Grundwasserregulierung
Authors: Küchler L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe meliorated Oberes Rhinluch fen is used by agriculture as grassland with maize‐cultivation on about 30 % of its area. In the ditch system of this area with water levels of 30 to 150 there were observed 67 taxa of aquatic plants and marsh plants, of which about 15 achieve covering degrees of more than 3 % and form 80 … 90 % of the biomass. Biomasses of between 20 … 184 g/m2 dry weight (Lemna) and 504 … 1612 g/m2 (Phragmites) are obtained in pure populations. In mixed populations the biomasses amount to between 304 and 916 g/m2 dry weight. According to their density and orientation, riparian copses and trees cause a more or less intense overshadowing of ditches, resulting in a considerable reduction of the biomass of macrophytes. By copses and trees on the south side of the waters the light available may be reduced to 30 %, from which a reduction of the biomass to 10 … 30 % results. By means of such planting it is possible to control the growth of plants in order to reduce the necessary and very expensive weed‐removal and bottom‐clearing actions.
Zur Bemessung unterirdischer Enteisenungsanlagen Teil 1: Chemisch‐analytische Methoden der Erkundung und Bemessung
Authors: Reissig H. , Eichhorn D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn underground deferrization processes there exists a dynamic cation exchange euquilibrium for Fe‐II to the solid phase of the underground when an Fe‐II containing ground water is delivered. Methods of investigation for the estimation of the initial oxygen demand and of the Fe‐II content of the aquifer are tested and described in detail. At dynamic filtering tests and within the framework of technically simpler batch‐tests the oxygen demand was higher than expected according to the stoichiometric Fe‐II share. A relatively good agreement was obtained between the results of both procedures. Fe‐II bound to solid matter is measured by a developed Fe‐III difference method. Fe‐II can be extracted and determined also directly with 1,10‐phenanthroline. Moreover, the determination method of the distribution coefficient with its influencing factors is described. Finally, the results of regression relations are explained.
Neue ingenieurbiologische Bauweisen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einsatzes von Röhricht‐ und Unterwasserpflanzen
Authors: Heym W.‐D. , Weise G. , Jorga W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of living plants for mechanical‐technical purposes (stabilization by plants) in the field of design and construction in the sense of biological engineering – a field of application of ecological engineering – concerns a complex system in which factors of soil mechanics and hydraulics are combined with the ecosystem. In comparison with solid‐technical construction methods, considerable advantages result due to a lower expenditure for maintenance and a high stability, especially during floods. Findings having been gained so far concerning the stabilization of the bank toe by underwater plants and flooding forms of species of reeds communities, the stabilization in the range of the mean water level and above it by bushes and shrubs – in cases of long‐time submerging by species of the reeds and swamps of large sedge (Phragmites) and of the wet meadows (Molinietalia) are critically evaluated, with the inclusion of new own findings from plantings in a newly developed section of the Branitz inland ditch (initial plantings in water and at the lower part of the bank) which have been observed for some years and from reed plantings covering large areas in the pond region of Peitz (Cottbus county, south‐eastern part of the GDR).
Einfluß der organischen Belastung auf die biozönotische Struktur des Makrozoobenthos in lithorheophilen, psammorheophilen und pelorheophilen Zönosen der Gebirgsbäche
Authors: Habdija I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with an investigation of the influence of organic load of different intensity (from oligosaprobic to polysaprobic level) on the biocenotical composition of macrobenthic fauna in lithorheophilous, psammorheophilous and pelorheophilous communities in small mountain streams. The stability of macrozoobenthos composition towards a successive increase of organic load in certain communities is established on the basis of biocenotical analysis and diversity index.
Untersuchungen zur Einzel‐ und Gemischadsorption von Phenolen an Aktivkohlen. Teil 2: Gemischadsorptionsgleichgewichte des Systems p‐Nitrophenol/p‐Chlorphenol/Aktivkohle
Authors: Worch E. , Zapke R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOn the thermodynamic basis of the theory of the Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) a calculation method was used to predict mixture adsorption equilibria from the individual isotherms. The results of the prediction were compared with the results of practical measurements by the example of the adsorption of p‐nitro‐ and p‐chlorophenol mixture on the activated carbon DO 4. According to the explanations concerning the graphically represented results, the mean percent differences between calculated and experimental data by the exact solution of the IAS‐theory and by a described simplified method were 11 % and 13 %, respectively. It is thus confirmed that the IAS‐theory is very well suited for predicting adsorption equilibria for, e.g., phenol mixtures.
Effect of Activated Sludge Loading on the Floc Strength and Separation Characteristics of Fine Particles
Authors: Handová Z. , Sladká A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on experimentally determined floc breakup rate coefficients and aggregation rate coefficients, the relations between floc coherence, physiological state of the mixed liquor, separation characteristics of not easily settling suspended particles and technological parameters were demonstrated.