bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericarditis recurrence is associated with milder electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory findings
Authors: Weiss Tal , Itelman Edward , Lotan Dor , Segev Amitai , Freimark Dov , Arad Michael , Wasserstrum Yishay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecurrent pericarditis (RP) complicates approximately 30% of acute pericarditis (AP) cases. We sought to compare the prevalence and severity of objective findings seen in patients with RP. A retrospective single-center study during 2010–2019, including 765 patients diagnosed with AP. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory findings were extracted from the local electronic health records. Recurrence during follow-up was documented in 134 patients (17.5%), with a median time to recurrence of 101 (± 59–251) days. The median age was 60 years (IQR 45–72), 68% were male. Most patients were defined as having idiopathic\viral pericarditis (64%). The clinical manifestation during the recurrent event of pericarditis was less prominent or attenuated when compared to the initial event—ECG signs (ST elevation 12% vs. 26%; p = 0.006, Knuckle sign 13% vs. 33%; p < 0.001, ST larger in lead L2 than L3 4% vs. 19%; p < 0.001), pericardial effusion moderate and above (11% vs. 30%; p = 0.02), and inflammatory markers (mean peak CRP levels 66 mg/l vs. 97 mg/l; p < 0.001). Similar results were seen in the subgroup of patients defined as having idiopathic\viral pericarditis. Up to 20% of patients who did not have ECG signs or a significant pericardial effusion in their 1st event demonstrated these findings during the recurrence, though still to a lesser extent compared with those who had these signs in their 1st event. The objective findings of AP are less pronounced during recurrent events. Future studies should focus on the role of advanced biomarkers and imaging in defining true RP events.
Delineation of groundwater prospective zones using multivariate and spatial analysis techniques in Henan Province North China Plain
Authors: Dars Rabia , Ping Jianhua , Mei Xuemei , Shah Shoukat Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGroundwater is an essential resource that meets all of humanity’s daily water demands, supports industrial development, influences agricultural output, and maintains ecological equilibrium. The objective behind this research is to find groundwater prospective zones and their sustainable development in Henan Province, located in the North China Plain, with the help of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and frequency ratio (FR) models. Consequently, a groundwater inventory map was created, utilizing 70% of the data for training and 30% for testing purposes. The resulting maps were overlaid with groundwater levels and the locations of wells within the study area. The performance and validation of the models were assessed using the Area Under Curve (AUC) curve, which indicated an accuracy of 70% for the AHP model and 69% for the FR model. The study indicates that areas with suitable gradients and rainfall patterns generally have high groundwater prospective zonation (GWPZ), i.e., Zhumadian and Nanyang (ZN). However, AHP demonstrated a higher predictive capability in comparison to FR the broader context. Whereas GIS-RS methodology aligns with existing wells and field data that validate it in range of good and excellent. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for effective groundwater exploration and sustainable water supply planning in Henan Province.
Experimental investigation to understand the effect of fracturing fluid on the geomechanical behavior of mowry shale
Authors: Dabbaghi Ehsan , Ng Kam , Kou Zuhao , Copeland Grant , Alvarado Vladimir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs is one of the important technologies in the oil and gas industry. To ensure the safe operation of oil and gas recovery, it is important to study the shale-fluid interactions on the geomechanical behavior of shale. This study investigated the effect of fracturing fluid treatment on the mechanical and elastic properties of the Mowry Shale formation, Wyoming, USA. Cylindrical Mowry Shale specimens with a diameter of 12.5 mm collected from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and School of Energy Resources (SER) of the University of Wyoming were treated with brine and brine + stimulation fluid for one month each at pressures of 9 and 11.7 MPa and temperatures of 96 and 66 °C, respectively. Triaxial compression experiments were conducted on the specimens. Results showed that all Mowry Shale specimens experienced an increase in maximum volumetric strain with the increase in effective confining pressure (Pd). Regardless of aging fluids, the maximum deviatoric stress (Δσd) of most Mowry Shale specimens increases with the increase in Pd. At a lower Pd, the USGS specimen aged with brine and stimulation fluid exhibits higher maximum Δσd than those aged with brine only. However, at a higher Pd, the USGS specimen aged with brine exhibits a higher maximum Δσd. SER specimens aged with brine and stimulation fluid exhibit higher maximum Δσd values than those aged with brine for all three Pd values. Regardless of the aging fluids, most USGS specimens experience a brittle failure mode, while SER specimens aged with brine and stimulation fluid experienced a more ductile behavior.
Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns and distance education in Australia: Positive experiences of migrant/refugee parents and future directions
Authors: Zaini Amin , Molla Tebeje , Shokouhi Hossein , Arber Ruth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents findings from a study investigating the engagement of migrant and refugee parents in supporting the distance education of their children amidst the Covid-19 lockdowns in Australia. While existing research has extensively addressed challenges within online education during the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a dearth of research examining the opportunities afforded to migrant and refugee parents. In pursuit of this, 20 migrant and refugee parents participated in individual interviews as part of the data collection process. The transcribed data underwent thematic analysis, drawing on the frameworks proposed by, to scrutinise how the imposed structure of lockdowns has informed parents’ educational and social opportunities. The findings suggest that parents’ opportunities encompass improving their English language skills, helping their children to develop their mother tongue skills, familiarising themselves with school subjects, understanding how the education system works in Australia and strengthening their knowledge about improving their relationships with their children. The paper also discusses how the education system can prepare parents to educate their children more effectively in the future, while their education can promise a more inclusive education system.
A new commutativity property of exceptional orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Castro M. M. , Grünbaum F. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe exhibit three examples showing that the “time-and-band limiting” commutative property found and exploited by D. Slepian, H. Landau and H. Pollak at Bell Labs in the 1960s, and independently by M. Mehta and later by C. Tracy and H. Widom in Random matrix theory, holds for exceptional orthogonal polynomials. The property in question is the existence of local operators with simple spectrum that commute with naturally appearing global ones. We illustrate numerically the advantage of having such a local operator.
PD-L1 expression in keratinocyte and infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocyte can predict a severe type of erythema multiforme major induced by the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab
Authors: Kadoi Ryohei , Yoshida Taichi , Noto Mai , Toyoshima Aya , Fujii Sino , Fukuda Koji , Shimazu Kazuhiro , Taguchi Daiki , Shinozaki Hanae , Kodama Naoki , Kono Michihiro , Nanjyo Hiroshi , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkin toxicity is the most common adverse event of treatment with immune check point inhibitors. Among them, erythema multiforme is a rare occurrence with a frequency of 4%, with most of the cases developing grade 1/2 disease. We experienced high grade erythema multiforme major developing with pembrolizumab treatment for anal canal cancer with extensive skin metastases. Steroid ointment was ineffective, and the skin lesions with blisters expanded to > 45% of the body surface area. The patient was at risk for symptom aggravation, and a pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and increasing the dose of oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) were started. The skin lesions improved in 1.8 months. Unless urgent and appropriate treatments such as high dose steroid administration were conducted, the skin toxicities could not be controlled. The presence of CD4+ T cells and PD-L1+ keratinocytes in the skin biopsy might be a predictive marker of erythema multiforme major resistant to standard steroid treatment.
A wind semi-sub platform with hinged floats for omnidirectional swell wave energy conversion
Authors: Stansby Peter , Li Gangqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe capacity of wind turbines on offshore wind platforms is presently much greater than that for wave energy conversion. However, wind availability with speed greater than 5 m/s, just above cut in, is typically 30–40% requiring storage to provide uniformity of supply, but this may be improved by adding swell wave energy conversion with typical availability of 90%. A hybrid platform is considered with three effectively rigid cylindrical floats connected by beams at right angles to support a wind turbine with its base on the central float, and two wave energy floats, opposite the wind floats, with beams at 90° and hinges with dampers for mechanical energy absorption on the central float. With swell periods over 10 s, pitch resonance may be achieved with the fore and aft floats about half a wavelength apart with anti-phase forcing causing a moment on hinges above water level. The NREL 5 MW wind turbine is incorporated and average swell wave power absorption in a typical significant wave height of 2 m is over 200 kW. The analysis is by time domain linear diffraction–radiation modelling validated for other multi-float configurations. Significant wave energy conversion is omnidirectional over a wide range of heading angles. An added benefit is that in larger waves associated with strong winds, when the wave energy conversion would be disengaged, the wave float rotation on free hinges reduces the hub accelerations below that for rigid floats, enabling a longer time for wind power generation.
Process engineering of demineralisation of moderate to high ash Indian coals through NaOH-HCl leaching and HF leaching
Authors: Dhawan Heena , Sharma D. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChemical leaching of coals would be required to produce cleaner coals for some special applications where physical beneficiation may not be effective enough. This would also help in recovering Li and rare earth metals besides in the sequestration of CO2. About 20 Indian coals having complexly distributed moderate to high ash contents were sequentially treated with various alkali–acid such as NaOH-HCl, HF, HCl, HCl-HF, and NaOH-HCl-HF leaching. This aimed to establish and design the best stepwise sequential process for the highest degree of demineralisation through a chemical leaching process. Kinetics and process intensification studies were carried out. More than 80% demineralisation of Madhaipur and Neemcha coals was observed using the best sequential treatment designed presently. The repeated stepwise treatment of the alkali and the acid was also studied, which was found to significantly enhance the degree of demineralisation of coals. The integrated process of alkali–acid leaching followed by solvent extraction (Organo-refining) and vice versa of the treated coal was also studied for producing cleaner coals.
Dynamic Neural Assimilation: a deep learning and data assimilation model for air quality predictions
Authors: Tučkus Nikodemas , D’Elia Ilaria , Chinnici Marta , Arcucci Rossella 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmbient air pollution is known to be a serious issue that has an impact on human health and the environment. Assessing air quality is of the utmost importance to protect human health and the environment. Different tools are available, from monitoring stations to complex models. These systems are capable of accurately predicting air quality levels, but they are often computationally very expensive which makes them poorly efficient. In this paper, we developed a novel model called Dynamic Neural Assimilation (DyNA) integrating Recurrent Neural Networks and Data Assimilation methods to derive a physics-informed system capable of accurately forecasting air pollution tendencies and investigating the relationship with industrial statistics. DyNA is trained in historical data and is fine-tuned as soon as new data comes available. We trained and tested the system on real data provided by the air quality monitoring stations located in Italy from the European Environment Agency and simulated results derived from the air quality modelling system Atmospheric Modelling System-Model to support the International Negotiation on atmospheric pollution on a National Italian level. We analysed air pollution data in Italy from the years 2003–2010 and studied its correlation with nearby industries in some regions where monitoring sensors were available.
Digital transformation of education, the limitations and prospects of introducing the fourth industrial revolution asynchronous online learning in emerging markets
Authors: Mhlanga David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the opportunities and limitations of switching from conventional, face-to-face education to online, asynchronous education made possible by the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s technology. This transition has been considerably expedited in several nations by the COVID-19 epidemic. Desktop analysis was used to conduct the research, along with non-intrusive approaches, including documentary analysis and conceptual analysis, and reliable sources were consulted. The research findings identified several barriers to the broad implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution asynchronous online education in emerging nations to address COVID-19’s effects and keep the needs of the revolution. Among these challenges are poverty and inequality, power shortages, a lack of knowledge, restricted access to technology and the internet in rural areas, and a clear national policy. Despite these difficulties, institutions can increase access to top-notch education by establishing themselves as centres of excellence and innovation through online learning. Therefore, for the infrastructure required to enable the widespread use of asynchronous education, the education sector in emerging nations requires additional resources. Therefore, the study recommends that educational institutions in emerging markets prioritize investments in digital infrastructure and training. This will enable a smoother transition to asynchronous online education. Additionally, policymakers should develop comprehensive strategies that address the digital divide, ensuring equitable access to technology and the Internet, especially in rural and underserved areas. Collaboration between governments, educational institutions, and private sectors is essential for the effective implementation of 4IR technologies in education.
Universal approximation property of stochastic configuration networks for time series
Authors: Zhang Jin-Xi , Zhao Hangyi , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor the purpose of processing sequential data, such as time series, and addressing the challenge of manually tuning the architecture of traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs), this paper introduces a novel approach-the Recurrent Stochastic Configuration Network (RSCN). This network is constructed based on the random incremental algorithm of stochastic configuration networks. Leveraging the foundational structure of recurrent neural networks, our learning model commences with a modest-scale recurrent neural network featuring a single hidden layer and a solitary hidden node. Subsequently, the node parameters of the hidden layer undergo incremental augmentation through a random configuration process, with corresponding weights assigned structurally. This iterative expansion continues until the network satisfies predefined termination criteria. Noteworthy is the adaptability of this algorithm to handle time series data, exhibiting superior performance compared to traditional recurrent neural networks with similar architectures. The experimental results presented in this paper underscore the efficacy of the proposed RSCN for sequence data processing, showcasing its advantages over conventional recurrent neural networks in the context of the performed experiments.
Australia in World Affairs 1971–1975
Authors: Hudson W. J. 
Published: March 2024

The Australia in World Affairs series commenced in 1950 and provides a continuous, researched scholarly account of Australia's foreign policy. This fifth volume, Australia in World Affairs 1971–1976, includes the final years of the Coalition's post-1949 time in government, and describes and evaluates the foreign policy and diplomacy of the Whitlam Labor Government. Gough Whitlam not only led his party to its first taste of power in almost a quarter of a century, but also dominated his government's dealings with the world outside. Where for so long Australia's external relations had been based on what were seen as 'natural' alignments – especially with Britain and the United States – the nation now faced the much more difficult problems involved in forging and maintaining alignments of convenience with states with whom she lacked ethnic, cultural or historical bonds, and from whom she could not expect any special consideration or tolerance.
Ecosystem Water‐Saving Timescale Varies Spatially With Typical Drydown Length
Authors: Holtzman Natan , Sloan Brandon , Potkay Aaron , Katul Gabriel , Feng Xue , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStomatal optimization theory is a commonly used framework for modeling how plants regulate transpiration in response to the environment. Most stomatal optimization models assume that plants instantaneously optimize a reward function such as carbon gain. However, plants are expected to optimize over longer timescales given the rapid environmental variability they encounter. There are currently no observational constraints on these timescales. Here, a new stomatal model is developed and is used to analyze the timescales over which stomatal closure is optimized. The proposed model assumes plants maximize carbon gain subject to the constraint that they cannot draw down soil moisture below a critical value. The reward is integrated over time, after being weighted by a discount factor that represents the timescale (τ) that a plant considers when optimizing stomatal conductance to save water. The model is simple enough to be analytically solvable, which allows the value of τ to be inferred from observations of stomatal behavior under known environmental conditions. The model is fitted to eddy covariance data in a range of ecosystems, finding the value of τ that best predicts the dynamics of evapotranspiration at each site. Across 82 sites, the climate metrics with the strongest correlation to τ are measures of the average number of dry days between rainfall events. Values of τ are similar in magnitude to the longest such dry period encountered in an average year. The results here shed light on which climate characteristics shape spatial variations in ecosystem‐level water use strategy.
Fault Orientation Trumps Fault Maturity in Controlling Coseismic Rupture Characteristics of the 2021 Maduo Earthquake
Authors: Liu‐Zeng Jing , Liu Zhijun , Liu Xiaoli , Milliner Chris , Rodriguez Padilla Alba M. , Xu Shiqing , Avouac Jean‐Philippe , Yao Wenqian , Klinger Yann , Han Longfei , Shao Yanxiu , Yan Xiaodong , Aati Saif , Shao Zhigang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFault maturity has been proposed to exert a first order control on earthquake rupture, yet direct observations linking individual rupture to long‐term fault growth are rare. The 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake ruptured the east‐growing end of the slow‐moving (∼1 mm/yr) Jiangcuo fault in north Tibet, providing an opportunity to examine the relation between rupture characteristics and fault structure. Here we combine field and multiple remote sensing techniques to map the surface rupture at cm‐resolution and document comprehensively on‐fault offsets and off‐fault deformation. The 158 km‐long surface rupture consists of misoriented structurally inherited N110°‐striking segments and younger optimally oriented N093°‐striking segments, relative to the regional stress field. Despite being comparatively newly formed, the ∼N093°‐striking fault segments accommodate more localized strain, with up to 3 m on‐fault left‐lateral slip and 25%–50% off‐fault deformation, and possibly faster rupture speed. These results are in contrast with previous findings showing more localized strain and faster rupture speed on more mature fault segments; instead, our observations suggest that fault orientation with respect to the regional stress can exert a more important control than fault maturity on coseismic rupture behavior when both factors are at play.
ROTATE: A Coordinate System for Analyzing Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Asharaf S. , Guan B. , Waliser D. E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study introduces the ROTated Atmospheric river coordinaTE (ROTATE) system — a novel storm‐centric coordinate system designed specifically for analyzing atmospheric rivers (ARs). It effectively preserves key AR signals in the time mean that may be lost or obscured in simple averaging due to diverse AR orientations and shapes. By applying the ROTATE system, we compared climatological characteristics for northern hemisphere ARs. Composites of four key meteorological variables, integrated vapor transport, integrated water vapor, precipitation, and windspeed, indicate distinct and clearer patterns of ARs compared to the conventional non‐rotated AR centroid‐based compositing approach. Moreover, the ROTATE system improves precipitation rates, particularly around the AR center and its head and tail regions, providing more distinct delineations of the precipitation signals between landfalling and oceanic ARs. Overall, the ROTATE system has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for better comparing and understanding the characteristics, processes, and impacts of ARs across different regions.
Lunar South Polar Water Cycle and Water Resources: Diurnal and Spatial Variations in Surficial Hydration From Repeated Moon Mineralogy Mapper Observations
Authors: Lu Yu , Wang Wenwen , Jiao Hengyue , Xu Tianyi , Chen Xuejiao , Wu Yunzhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe diurnal variation and distribution of lunar surficial hydration (OH/H2O) is of great significance for understanding the solar wind implantation and water cycle on the Moon. Lunar south pole is an ideal place to study the diurnal variation of surficial hydration due to the large number of repeat observations of the same region, which is very limited in mid‐ or low‐latitudes. Here we showed clear 0.5‐hr interval diurnal variation of surficial hydration at lunar south pole. The variation of hydration band depth with local time is exactly the opposite to the variation of temperature, indicating that lunar surficial hydration changes sufficiently with temperature. This relationship indicates that both the diurnal variation and hydration content are latitude dependent. Our observations support the hypothesis that the diurnal variation of hydration on the Moon is due to the formation of metastable hydroxyl.