bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[90Yttrium‐DOTA]‐TOC response is associated with survival benefit in iodine‐refractory thyroid cancer
Authors: Iten Fabienne , Muller Beat , Schindler Christian , Rasch Helmut , Rochlitz Christoph , Oertli Daniel , Maecke Helmut R. , Muller‐Brand Jan , Walter Martin A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors aimed to explore the efficacy of 90Yttrium‐1,4,7,10‐tetra‐azacyclododecane N,N′,N″,N‴‐tetraacetic acid [90Y‐DOTA]‐Tyr3‐octreotide (TOC) in advanced iodine‐refractory thyroid cancer.METHODS:In a phase 2 trial, the authors investigated biochemical response (assessed by serum thyroglobulin levels), survival, and the long‐term safety profile of systemic [90Y‐DOTA]‐TOC treatment in metastasized iodine‐refractory thyroid cancer. Adverse events were assessed according to the National Cancer Institute criteria. Survival analyses were performed by using multiple regression models.RESULTS:A total of 24 patients were enrolled. A median cumulative activity of 13.0 GBq (range, 1.7‐30.3 GBq) was administered. Response was found in 7 (29.2%) patients. Eight (33.3%) patients developed hematologic toxicity grade 1‐3, and 4 (16.7%) patients developed renal toxicity grade 1‐4. The median survival was 33.4 months (range, 3.6‐126.8 months) from time of diagnosis and 16.8 months (range, 1.8‐99.1 months) from time of first [90Y‐DOTA]‐TOC treatment. Response to treatment was associated with longer survival from time of diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03‐0.92; P = .04) and from time of first [90Y‐DOTA]‐TOC therapy (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.94; P = .04). The visual grade of scintigraphic tumor uptake was not associated with treatment response (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.26‐3.14; P = 1.00).CONCLUSIONS:Response to [90Y‐DOTA]‐TOC in metastasized iodine‐refractory thyroid cancer was associated with longer survival. Upcoming trials should aim to increase the number of treatment cycles. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Developing accurate industrial standards to facilitate production in apparel manufacturing based on anthropometric data
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Hung 
Published: March 2009

AbstractClothing and apparel are high value‐added products, and body measurement standards are crucial industrial standards in apparel manufacturing. These standards enable manufacturers to predict sales of different sizes and set production quantities accordingly, resulting in accurate material control and production planning. Many standards use a range of approximate girth differences based on anthropometric data to determine figure types, but these figure types cannot be accurately classified. Moreover, little research has been done to apply the girth ratio approach to identify figure types. This study proposes an accurate girth ratio approach to identify figure types for middle‐aged women; the approach can then be used to develop industrial standards. By applying these findings, figure types can be precisely classified. New body measurement standards can then be developed. These industrial standards can help manufacturers improve the fit of mass‐produced apparel, and their application in manufacturing can reduce production costs and increase market competitiveness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of the smiles rearrangement to the synthesis of 5,7‐disubstituted xanthone‐2‐carboxylic acids
Authors: Pfister Jürg R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe depside‐like esters 3a and 3b underwent a Smiles rearrangement on treatment with base. The resulting diphenyl ethers 4a and 4b were converted into the xanthonecarboxylic acids 6a and 6b which are not readily accessible by other routes.
A new synthesis of 3(2H)‐furanones from acetylenic β‐diketones
Authors: El‐Kholy Ibrahim El‐Sayed , Mishrikey Morcos Michael , Marei Mohamed Gaber 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThermal cyclization of 1,5‐diarylpent‐1‐yne‐3,5‐diones led to the formation of 2‐benzyliden‐5‐aryl‐3(2H) furanones as well as 2,6‐diaryl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones as minor products. The structure of the furanones was established from their ir, 1H nmr and mass spectral data. Their reaction with hydrazine hydrate gave pyrazole derivatives.
Investigation on some (E)‐ and (Z)‐3‐heterocyclic‐substituted‐2‐phenylacrylic acids
Authors: Belgodere Elena , Bossio Ricardo , Cencioni Roberto , Pepino Roberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 3‐(2‐thiazolyl)‐, 3‐(2‐benzothiazolyl)‐ and 3‐(2‐benzo[b] thienyl)‐2‐phenylacrylic acids is reported. Spectroscopic analyses and pK a determinations were found to be a convenient method for distinguishing the E and Z geometrical configurations.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXIX. The reissert‐henze reaction as a route to simple c‐substituents alpha to the heteronitrogen atom
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Muchiri Daniel R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment of a thienopyridine N‐oxide with benzoyl chloride and cyanide ion (Reissert‐Henze reaction) was shown to produce the corresponding cyanothienopyridine (43‐84% yield in three parent systems), wherein the cyano substituent occurs alpha to the heteronitrogen atom. In further transformations (in two systems) the cyano group was converted successively to carbamoyl (66‐89%),and thiocarbamoyl (3543%) functions. For 4‐substituted thieno[2,3‐6]pyridine 7‐oxides, methyl and chloro substituents were retained on Reissert‐Henze reaction, but the nitro group was replaced by CI or H. Some new TV‐oxides and TV‐oxide complexes are reported.
Ionic and radical addition of chlorine, bromine and some halogen systems of butadiene monoxide (4)
Authors: Shellhamer Dale F. , Green Richard C. , Luttrull Jeffrey K. , Seneker Stephan D. , Potter Mark K. , Heasley Victor L. , Heasley Gene E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIonic reactions of bromine, chlorine, methyl hypochlorite or N‐bromosuccinimide with butadiene monoxide (4) give only 1,2‐addition products. The Markownikoff (1‐halo‐2‐methoxy‐3,4‐epoxybutane) and anti‐Markownikoff (2‐halo‐1‐methoxy‐3,4‐epoxybutane) product ratios for ionic reaction of methyl hypochlorite and N‐bromosuccinimide in methanol with 4 are similar to those obtained with 1‐hexene. These data indicate that a rather symmetrical halonium ion is formed in the ionic halogenation of 4. Free radical reaction of bromine, chlorine, or trichloramine to 4 does not give ring‐opened products as one might expect for formation of an epoxy carbonyl intermediate. The mechanistic implications from these observations are discussed.
Synthesis of 1,4‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolineglyoxylic acid and related compounds
Authors: Kurihara Takushi , Nasu Keiko , Mihara Kyoko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,4‐dihydro‐1‐methoxy or ethyl ‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolineglyoxylic acid derivatives are described. α‐Acetoxy‐1,4‐dihydro‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolineacetic acid esters (7a, 7a), which are key intermediates, were prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 2‐acetoxy‐3‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐(2‐nitrophenyl) crotonic acid lactone (6) in methanol or ethanol.
Tetraoxo derivatives of perhydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyridine
Authors: Ferappi M. , Carotti A. , Casini G. , De Laurentis N. , Giardinà D. , Cingolani G. M. , Gavuzzo E. , Mazza F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMichael adducts from diethyl fumarate with malonic esters or nitriles were cyclized to succinimide intermediates which, after glutarimide ring closure, afforded several N‐methyl and N‐benzyl derivatives of cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetraoxoperhydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyridine whose configuration was demonstrated by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
A novel synthesis of diaminomethanes
Authors: Melis Stefana , Monni Francesca , Piras Pier Paolo , Sotgiu Francesca 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiaminomethanes have been synthesized by reaction of 1,3‐benzodioxole and 1,3‐benzoxathiole with a double amount of sodium dialkyl and alkyl aryl amides.
Bisallyl and bismethallyl derivatives of 2,3‐dihydroxypyridine
Authors: Jarvis Bruce B. , Anderson Catherine B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2,3‐Dihyroxypyridine has been dialkylated with allyl bromide and methallyl chloride to give 1‐allyl‐3‐allyloxy‐2‐pyridone (2) and 1‐methallyl‐3‐methallyloxy‐2‐pyridone (3), respectively. These compounds readily undergo a Claisen rearrangement at 163° to give the bis‐1,4‐allyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridone isomers, 4 and 5, respectively. 2,3‐Bisallyloxypyridine (8) and 2,3‐bismethallyloxypyridine (9) were synthesized from 2‐chloro‐3‐hydroxypyridine.
Studies on pyrrolidinones. Derivatives of 1,2,3,5,10,10a‐hexahydrobenz[f]indolizine‐3,10‐dione
Authors: Rigo Benoît , Kolocouris Nicolas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Friedel‐Crafts reaction of N‐(arylmethyi)‐5‐pyrrolidinone‐2‐carboxylic acids gives either a cyclization or a reaction with benzene (used as a solvent). Reactions such as reduction, keto substitution and lactam ring opening of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 10a‐hexahydrobenz[f]indolizine‐3, 10‐diones obtained by the method above have been studied.
Heterocyclic rearrangements. Phenylhydrazones and N‐methyl‐N‐phenylhydrazones of 3‐acylisoxazoles
Authors: Vivona Nicolò , Macaluso Gabriella , Frenna Vincenzo , Ruccia Michele 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐benzoyl‐5‐phenylisoxazole (4) and 3‐acetyl‐5‐methylisoxazole (5) with phenylhydrazine and N‐methyl‐N‐phenylhydrazine has been investigated and the reactivity of (E)‐ and (Z)‐phenylhydrazones and N‐methyl‐N‐phenylhydrazones has been studied.
Isomerisation, déshydration et réduction du méthyl‐4 dioxa‐1,6 spiro[4,5]decanol‐4. Obtention de précurseurs ou d'isomères de phéromones de guêpe
Authors: Cottier Louis , Mabilon Gil , Descotes Gérard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLe mélange des stéréosiomères des dioxaspirannols 1 obtenu par photolyse de l'(oxo‐3 n‐butyloxy)‐2 tétra‐hydropyranne, peut ětre enrichi par des méthodes chimiques en isomère cis(chlorure d'aluminium/acétate d'aluminium) ou trans (anhydride acétique puis hydrolyse). La thermolyse des acétates 2 ou des xanthates 5 conduit à un composé furannique 4, précurseur éventuel d'une dioxaspirolactone. La réduction des xanthates 5 donne les méthyl‐4 dioxaspirodécanes 8, isomères de position d'une phéromone de guěpe.
Synthèses d'hétérocycles indoliques à partir de dérivés carbonylés de l'indole et du pyrrole
Authors: Dupas Georges , Duflos Jack , Quéguiner Guy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLes réactions de l'azidoacétate d'éthyle avec le méthyl‐1 diformyl‐2, 3 indole (1) et son monoacétal méthylique 2 conduisent à des β et γ carbolines. La régiosélectivité de la condensation de l'aminoacétate d'éthyle avec 1 permet d'obtenir une γ carboline. Des dérivés d'un nouvel hétérocycle, le thiepino[4, 5‐b]indole sont décrits ainsi que leur application à I'obtention de dérivés carbazoliques.
Reaction of 3‐hetero‐substituted 2‐phenyl‐4‐thioxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐quinazolines with acyl chlorides and phenacyl bromides
Authors: Molina P. , Arques A. , Cartagena I. , Noguera J. A. , Valcarcel M. V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSome 2, 5‐disubstituted 1, 3, 4‐thiadiazoles 5 were obtained by reaction of 3‐amino‐2‐phenyl‐4‐thioxo‐3, 4‐dihydroquinazoline (1) with acyl chlorides. Reaction of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐3, 4‐dihydroquinazoline (3) with phenacyl bromides was carried out either in dry acetonitrile or dimethylformamide to give 2‐phenyl‐4‐phenacylthio‐3‐quinazolinium N‐oxides 7 or 2‐phenyl‐4‐phenacylidene‐1H‐3‐quinazolinium N‐oxides' 8, respectively.
Differing reactivities and products in the reaction of some N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl, oxazol‐2‐yl‐ and thiazol‐2‐ylsilanes and ‐stannanes with acid chlorides
Authors: Jutzi Peter , Gilge Ullrich 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSome new N‐methylimidazoles, oxazoles and thiazoles (compounds 7‐15) with a keto‐function in the 2‐position have been synthesized by the reaction of heterocyclic substituted silanes and stannanes with the corresponding acid chlorides. In cases where the silylated heterocycles needed more drastic reaction conditions the use of the stannylated heterocycles was indicated. In the reaction of benzothiazol‐2‐yltrimethyl‐stannane (6) with acetyl chloride the ester 17 and the bibenzothiazolinylidene 18 were formed. The reaction of 6 with chloromethyl methyl ether afforded the olefin 19 as the only product. Mechanisms for the above reactions are discussed.
Chemistry of the phenoxathiins and isosterically related heterocycles. XXVII. Two‐dimensional J‐resolved spectra of 1,4,9‐triazaphenoxathiin: The influence of frequency of the position and intensity of resonances due to strong coupling
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Gampe Robert T. , Ford Joseph J. , Robert Willcott M. , Morgan Michael , Ternay Andrew L. , Okafor Charles O. , Smith Keith 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 1, 4, 9‐triazaphenoxathiin and the analysis of the two‐dimensional J‐resolved (2DJ) 1H‐nmr spectra of the molecule at 100 and 200 MHz are reported. Due to the strong coupling of the ABX and AB spin systems, additional resonances are observed in the 100 MHz 2DJ spectrum which are diminished in intensity and shifted further from F1 = O Hz in the case of the ABX system at 200 MHz, or which have disappeared in the 200 MHz spectrum in the case of the AB spin system. Calculated frequencies and intensities of the resonances due to strong coupling were found to be in excellent agreement with the observed data.
Reaktionen von elektronenreichen heterocyclen mit orthocarbonsäure‐derivaten. I. Zum reaktionsverhalten von acyclischen orthoestern mit indolen unter säurekatalyse
Authors: Akgün E. , Pindur U. , Müller J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy kinetic controlled reaction of alkoxycarbenium‐ions 1a‐1d, generated in the medium, with the indoles 2a‐2c the methanes 3, 4 or the ketones 5 and 6 are the single products. In the reaction with 1d the minimum of reactivity is achieved. The experimental condition of the reactions allow an estimation of the reactivity of 1a‐1d and 2a‐2c.
Synthesis of substituted 3‐nitroso‐2,4‐pyridinediols for use as analytical reagents
Authors: Leard Robert E. , Bedenbaugh John H. , Bedenbaugh Angela O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe 5‐bromo, 5‐iodo, and 5‐nitro derivatives of 6‐methyl‐3‐nitroso‐2,4‐pyridinediol were synthesized and shown to produce colored complexes with a number of Group VIII metal ions. Also synthesized were the 1‐pentyl and 1‐octyl esters of 4,6‐dihydroxy‐5‐nitrosopyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid. These compounds showed potential as solvent extraction reagents for certain Group VIII metals.
The chemistry of 2H‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐2,4(1H)‐dione (isatoic anhydride). 11. Reaction of N‐methylisatoic anhydride with 1‐cyanoacetylpiperidine
Authors: Coppola Gary M. , Fu Emil W. , Shapiro Michael J. , Hartdmann Goetz E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of N‐methylisatoic anhydride with 1‐cyanoacetylpiperidine in the presence of sodium hydride produces a tautomeric mixture of 4a and 4b, with 4b predominating. When heated in xylene, 4 is converted to the piperidine adduct 5 whereas heating in dimethylsulfoxide furnishes 3. Spectral data for 4 and 5 are also discussed.
1a,11b‐dihydrobenz[5,6]anthr[1,2‐B]azirine. A non k‐region polycyclic arene imine
Authors: Blum Jochanan , Ben‐Shoshan Shoshanna 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compound 9 is described. Benz[a]anthracene 8,9‐oxide (6) was reacted with sodium azide in aqueous acetone and the trans‐9‐azido‐8,9‐dihydrobenz[a]anthr‐8‐ol (7), so formed, was cyclized by tri‐n‐butylphosphine. Attempts to dehydrogenate 10,11‐dihydrobenz[a]anthracene 8,9‐imine (4) with DDQ or by allylic bromination followed by base assisted dehydrobromination was unsuccessful. The N‐tosyl derivative of 4, prepared from the free imine, N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and tosyl chloride underwent rapid aziridine‐ring cleavage by the silylating agent to give trans‐8,9,10,11‐tetrahydro‐8‐(4‐methyl)benzensulfon‐amido‐9‐ [(trimethyl)oxy]benz[a]anthracene (10).
Nitrile oxides cycloadditions to cinnamaldehyde. Facile dehydrogenation of 4‐formyl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles
Authors: De Sarlo Francesco , Guarna Antonio , Brandi Alberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNitrile oxides (1) react with cinnamaldehyde (2) at the ethylenic double bond to give 4‐formyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐isoxazoles (3) as the predominant regioisomers (1H nmr). These primary cycloadducts easily dehydrogenate to the corresponding isoxazoles (4). In the presence of an excess of nitrile oxide (1), either the aldehydes (3) and (4) undergo further cycloaddition at the CO bond yielding the bis‐cycloadducts (5) and (6), respectively.
Synthesis of 2‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐ and ‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,6‐benzothiazocine derivatives
Authors: Press Jeffery B. , Eudy Nancy H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe resynthesis of 2‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzothiazocin‐5(6H)‐one (1) was investigated in order to prepare derivatives with potential CNS activity. Lactam 1 could be converted to amidine derivatives 6a‐e via the intermediacy of the thioether 5a. Reduction of 1 with lithium aluminum hydride gave amine 8a. Reductive alkylation of 8a gave 9a and 9b while acylation of 8a gave derivatives 10a‐d. No interesting biological properties were found for these compounds.
Reaktionen von fulvenen mit 1,3‐dipolaren verbindungen. IV . Umsetzung des 6,6‐diphenylfulvens mit 2,4,6‐triphenylpyrylium‐3‐olat
Authors: Friedrichsen Willy , Seidel Winfried , Debaerdemaeker Tony 
Published: March 2009

Abstract6,6‐Diphenylfulvene (6) reacts with 2,4,6‐triphenylpyrylium‐3‐olate (7) to give three [π2 + π‐4] cyclo‐adducts 8, 9, 10. Reduction of 8 with sodium borohydride yields a cage‐like compound 12 whereas the action of the same reagent on 9 results in the formation of three carbinols 13, 14, 15. Treatment of 9 with acetic acid/hydrogen chloride yields an isomer 18. The structures of both 12 and 18 have been established by X‐ray crystallography.
1,2,4‐triazines. 7. Regioselective n2‐amination of 3‐methylthio‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(2H)‐ones.A novel synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[2,3‐b][1,2,4]triazinones and ‐triazine
Authors: Sanemitsu Yuzuru , Nakayama Yoshinori , Shiroshita Masao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA regioselective synthesis of 2‐aminotriazinones 6a‐d is reported, by reaction of 3‐methylthio‐1,2,4‐triazinones 5a‐d with O‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine (2) as an amino‐transfer agent. A spectroscopic study and an unequivocal synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐6‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazinedione (11a) has shown the site of amination to be N2 of the 1,2,4‐triazinone ring. Subsequent reaction of 2‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazinones 6a‐b with amines, followed by ring closure with aliphatic acids provided [1,2,4]triazolo[2,3‐b][1,2,4]triazine‐7(1H)ones 13a‐e. Conversion of [1,2,4]triazolo[2,3‐b][1,2,4]triazinone 13c to unsubstituted [1,2,4]triazolo[2,3‐6][1,2,4]triazine (15) was attained.
Heterocyclic steroids. II. Synthesis of some spiro derivatives of 7,8‐diaza‐11‐oxasteroids
Authors: Altomare C. , Carotti A. , Campagna F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA simple, one step conversion of aldol adducts 1 derived from cyclic 1,2,3‐tricarbonyl compound with 1,3‐cycloalkanediones into title compounds 2 is described.
Synthesis of 5,10‐dideazaminopterin
Authors: Degraw Joseph I. , Tagawa Hiroaki , Christie Pamela H. , Lawson John A. , Brown Edward G. , Kisliuk Roy L. , Gaumont Yvette 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 5,10‐dideazaaminopterin by two independent routes is described. Condensation of the piperidine enamine of 4‐p‐carbomethoxyphenylbutyraldehyde (4) with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile followed by treatment of the resultant arylethylenaminomalononitrile (5) with methanolic ammonia produced 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐5‐p‐carbomethoxyphenethylpyridine (6). Cyclization of the aminocyanopyridine with guanidine afforded 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐5,10‐dideazapteroic acid (8). Coupling of the pteroate intermediate with glutamate yielded the target 5,10‐dideazaaminopterin (10).Alternatively, reduction of 2,4‐diamino‐6‐formyl‐5‐deazapteridine (11) with sodium borohydride gave the 6‐hydroxymethyl compound 12. Conversion to the bromide was followed by alkylation of dimethyl homoterephthalate to afford methyl 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐10‐carbomethoxy‐5,10‐dideazapteroate (14). Decarboxylation with ester cleavage (sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide at 180°) also gave the diaminopteroic acid (8).5,10‐dideazaaminopterin (10) was an effective growth inhibitorof folate dependent bacteria, S. faecium and L. casei.
Synthesis of β‐D‐ribo‐ and 2′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl derivatives of 6‐aminopyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one by a ring closure of pyrazole nucleoside precursors
Authors: Gupta Pranab K. , Kent Dalley N. , Robins Roland K. , Revankar Ganapathi R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract6‐Amino‐1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐erthro‐pentofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one (5), as well as 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐ and 2‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐ derivatives of 6‐aminopyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one (18 and 22, respectively) have been synthesized by a base‐catalyzed ring closure of pyrazole nucleoside precursors. Glycosylation of the sodium salt of methyl 3(5)‐cyanomethylpyrazole‐4‐carboxylate (6) with 1‐chloro‐2‐deoxy‐3,5‐di‐O‐p‐toluoyl‐α‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranose (8) provided the corresponding N‐1 and N‐2 glycosyl derivatives (9 and 10, respectively). Debenzoylation of 9 and 10 with sodium methoxide gave deprotected nucleosides 14 and 16, respectively. Further ammonolysis of 14 and 16 afforded 5(or 3)‐cyanomethyl‐1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide (15 and 17, respectively). Ring closure of 15 and 17 in the presence of sodium carbonate gave 5 and 22, respectively. By contrast, glycosylation of the sodium salt of 6 with 2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranosyl bromide (11) or the persilylated 6 with 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose gave mainly the N‐2 glycosylated derivative 13, which on ammonolysis and ring closure furnished 18. Phosphorylation of 18 gave 6‐amino‐2‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one 5′‐phosphate (19). The site of glycosylation and the anomeric configuration of these nucleosides have been assigned on the basis of 1H nmr and uv spectral characteristics and by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 16.
Synthesis of some new 5‐chloro‐7‐mercapto‐1‐methyl/phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,5‐b]pyrazin‐2(1H)‐ones and 5‐chloro‐3‐thiopyrazin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives as possible antibacterial and antifungal agents
Authors: Bhattacharya B. K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral new 5‐chloro‐7‐mercapto‐1‐methyl/phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,5‐6]pyrazin‐2(1/H)‐ones V and their disul‐phides VI, 5‐chloro‐3‐mercapto‐2(1H)‐pyrazinonones III, 5‐chloro‐3‐(N‐aryl‐N‐acetylthioureido)‐1‐methyl/‐phenyl‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones VII, 5‐chloro‐1‐methyl/phenyl‐3‐sulphonamido‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones X and chloro‐2‐methyl/phenyl‐(3‐methyl)‐3‐thio‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones XI were synthesized starting from 3,5‐dichloro‐1‐methyl/phenylpyrazin‐2(1H)‐ones I. Fifteen of these compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against two bacteria B. subtilis and S. aureus, and two fungi A. niger and H. oryzae. A possible structure activity relationship is given.
Synthesis of pyridazino[1,6‐a]benzimidazoles
Authors: Benjamin Louis E. , Earley James V. , Gilman Norman W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of eight pyridazino[1,6‐a]benzimidazoles by a novel synthetic route is described. This relatively unexplored heterocyclic ring system is readily accessible starting from benzoylpropionic acids and phenylhydrazines in five steps. The interactions of these compounds with the benzodiazepine receptor are briefly mentioned.