bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic and Magnetic Properties of a New Class of Cluster‐Bearing [L2Cu4(μ4‐O)(μ2‐carboxylato)4] Soft Materials
Authors: Shakya Rajendra , Hindo Sarmad Sahiel , Wu Libo , Ni Suolong , Allard Marco , Heeg Mary Jane , da Rocha Sandro R. P. , Yee Gordon T. , Hratchian Hrant P. , Verani Cláudio N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA general approach toward amphiphilic systems bearing multimetallic clusters and their ability to form Langmuir–Blodgett films is presented. The synthetic strategy to stabilize these clusters involves the use of a ligand (HL) containing an N2O‐donor set and long octadecanoic chains to obtain the carboxylate‐supported [L2Cu4(μ4‐O)(μ2‐OAc)4]⋅EtOH (1) and [L2Cu4(μ4‐O)(μ2‐OBz)4] (2) in which OAc− and OBz− represent acetate (1) and benzoate (2) co‐ligands. These species were thoroughly characterized and had their structures solved by X‐ray crystallography. We observed that the μ‐oxo Cu4 cluster is antiferromagnetically coupled and used broken‐symmetry density functional theory (DFT) calculations to describe the main superexchange pathways of the tetracopper core. We also describe the amphiphilic properties of the ligand and the cluster‐containing systems by means of area versus pressure isotherms and show that these cluster‐bearing species can be transferred onto solid substrates yielding homogeneous Langmuir–Blodgett films, as characterized by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements.
Breaking Symmetry: Spontaneous Resolution of a Polyoxometalate
Authors: Hou Yu , Fang Xikui , Hill Craig L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA chiral polyoxometalate [Hf(PW11O39)2]10− (1) has been prepared and structurally characterized. It crystallizes in the chiral space group P21212, as a conglomerate of two enantiomerically pure crystals in the absence of any chiral source. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined from the Flack parameter by X‐ray crystallography. The structure of 1 comprises two lacunary [PW11O39]7− units, each functioning as a tetra‐dentate ligand sandwiching an 8‐coordinate HfIV centre in a distorted square antiprismatic geometry. Optically active crystals of both enantiomers were spectroscopically distinguishable by means of solid state circular dichroism spectroscopy. This hafnium‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM), 1, shows that spontaneous chiral resolution, a rare phenomenon, can be operable in POM systems.
Primary prevention of eating disorders: A constructivist integration of mind and body strategies
Authors: Scime Melinda , Cook‐Cottone Catherine 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the impact of a primary prevention program for eating disorders aimed at fifth‐grade females. The curriculum was based on empirically validated risk and protective factors and incorporated interactive discourse, yoga, and relaxation into 10 weekly sessions.Method:Pre‐ and post‐test data from five groups conducted over 2 years were combined for a total of 75 participants. Data were also collected from 69 control group participants.Results:Results indicate completion of the group resulted in a significant decrease on scales from the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 measuring body dissatisfaction and bulimia, as well as an increase on the Social scale of the Multidimensional Self‐Concept Scale.Conclusion:The results demonstrate mixed support for the Girls' Group prevention program. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
How temporal distance from past selves influences self‐perception
Authors: Broemer Philip , Grabowski Adam , Gebauer Jochen E. , Ermel Olga , Diehl Michael 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present studies examine how perceived temporal distance from past selves influences perceptions of the current self. Participants recalled their past self either at age 9 or 15. These two past selves differ in levels of identification with gender and thus denote different standards of comparison. Three hypotheses were tested. Temporal distance should determine whether recalled past selves produce assimilation or contrast effects on the current self. Second, temporal comparison effects should be weaker when people recall their past in terms of stable, relatively enduring characteristics (e.g. traits). Third, past selves should to a greater extent be biased by stereotypical knowledge about former lifetime periods the farther away individuals feel from past selves. Past selves coloured by stereotypical knowledge are more extreme and should thus produce stronger judgemental effects on the current self. The results supported the hypotheses. Implications for autobiographical remembering are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When is individual mobility costly? The role of economic and social identity factors
Authors: Jetten Jolanda , Iyer Aarti , Tsivrikos Dimitrios , Young Brian M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo studies considered when the individual mobility strategy of attending university has psychological costs in terms of poor adjustment to university life. Study 1, (N = 74) examined both economic considerations affecting university choice and identity‐related factors among open day attendees. Expected identification as a university student and preparedness for university life was affected by economic factors (economic benefit of university attendance and status of the considered universities) but also negatively related to perceived incompatibility with one's social background. These findings were replicated in a longitudinal study in which students' perceptions were assessed before entering university (T1), after being at university for two months (T2) and again after being at university for 8 months (T3; N = 109). Social class (T1) predicted perceived incompatibility but not economic factors. In addition, economic factors and incompatibility predicted group identification (T2) but only perceived incompatibility predicted longer‐term identification (T3). Belief that university education serves as a successful individual mobility strategy (T3) was indirectly negatively affected by initial incompatibility (T1), but positively with perceiving economic benefits of a university degree (T1). Implications for the (economic) benefits versus (identity) costs of individual mobility strategies are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electroactivity of Nonconjugated Proteins and Peptides. Towards Electroanalysis of All Proteins
Authors: Paleček Emil , Ostatná Veronika 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPresent proteomics and biomedicine require sensitive analytical methods for all proteins. Recent progress in electrochemical analysis of peptides and proteins based on their intrinsic electroactivity is reviewed. Tyrosine and/or tryptophan‐containing proteins are oxidizable at carbon electrodes. At mercury electrodes all peptides and proteins (about 13 peptides and >25 proteins were tested) produce chronopotentiometric peak H at nanomolar concentrations. This peak is sensitive to changes in protein structure. Microliter sample volumes are sufficient for the analysis. Electrochemical methods can be used in studies of nucleic acid‐protein interactions and can be applied in biomedicine. Examples of such applications in neurogenerative diseases and cancer are presented.
Chronopotentiometric Determination of Redox States of Peptides
Authors: Dorčák Vlastimil , Paleček Emil 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReduced and oxidized forms of peptides were studied by different electrochemical methods at carbon and hanging mercury drop (HMDE) electrodes. Striking differences between the reduced and oxidized peptides were obtained by constant current chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (CPSA) at HMDE. Peptides yielded electrocatalytic peak H at highly negative potentials (ca. −1.75 V). Reduced peptides adsorbed at positively charged HMDE produced substantially higher peak H than the oxidized forms. Voltammetry reflected the peptide redox state less efficiently. Different orientation of reduced and oxidized molecules at the positively charged electrode and very fast potential changes in CPSA were probably responsible for the observed effects.
Conductive Organic Complex Salt TTF‐TCNQ as a Mediator for Biosensors. An Overview
Authors: Pauliukaite Rasa , Malinauskas Albertas , Zhylyak Gleb , Spichiger‐Keller Ursula E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPreparation and application of a conductive organic salt complex of tetrathiafulvalene‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF‐TCNQ) for analytical bioelectrochemistry as a mediator is overviewed in this work. The third‐generation biosensors based on this charge transfer salt are very promising for biosensors applied in vivo. Such mediated biosensors have been studied mainly for glucose determination, but at present other substrates are being applied in this system more and more often.
Novel Potentiometric Sensors of Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Specific Binding of Chlormequat
Authors: Kamel Ayman H. , Moreira Felismina T. C. , Almeida Sofia A. A. , Sales M. Goreti F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were used as potentiometric sensors for the selective recognition and determination of chlormequat (CMQ). They were produced after radical polymerization of 4‐vinyl pyridine (4‐VP) or methacrylic acid (MAA) monomers in the presence of a cross‐linker. CMQ was used as template. Similar non‐imprinted (NI) polymers (NIP) were produced by removing the template from reaction media. The effect of kind and amount of MIP or NIP sensors on the potentiometric behavior was investigated. Main analytical features were evaluated in steady and flow modes of operation. The sensor MIP/4‐VP exhibited the best performance, presenting fast near‐Nernstian response for CMQ over the concentration range 6.2×10−6–1.0×10−2 mol L−1 with detection limits of 4.1×10−6 mol L−1. The sensor was independent from the pH of test solutions in the range 5–10. Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of the proposed sensors were evaluated over several inorganic and organic cations. Results pointed out a good selectivity to CMQ. The sensor was applied to the potentiometric determination of CMQ in commercial phytopharmaceuticals and spiked water samples. Recoveries ranged 96 to 108.5%.
Logic Gates Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with a Bioelectrocatalytic System
Authors: Vasilyev Sergey , Pita Marcos , Katz Evgeny 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMagneto‐controlled OR, AND and INHIB logic gates were designed using cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4, saturated magnetization ca. 70 emu g−1, 17±2 nm diameter) functionalized with microperoxidase‐11. Tunable magnetic field generated by three external permanent magnets (NdFeB) upon moving them below the electrochemical cell resulted in translocation of the biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles between conductive and nonconductive domains of a solid plate. This resulted in electrochemically readable output signals with the Boolean logic controlled by the magnetic input signals. The current corresponding to the reversible redox process of the heme measured at −0.4 V (vs. SCE) was considered as “1” output signal, while a small background current obtained from the conducting interface in the absence of the magnetic nanoparticles was considered as “0” output signal. Addition of H2O2 to the solution resulted in the generation of a cathodic catalytic current when the microperoxidase‐11‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are associated with the conductive domain of the support. This resulted in the amplification of “1” output signal and the increased difference between “1” and “0” signals generated by the cell, thus reducing the possibility of errors in the Boolean logic operations.
Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic(III) in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) by Adsorptive Square‐Wave Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (Ad‐SWCSV)
Authors: Tongesayi Tsanangurayi , Smart Ronald B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study has demonstrated that As(III) can be electrochemically detected and quantified in the presence of fulvic acid (FA) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). This eliminates the need to remove DOM prior to measurement of As(III) in environmental samples. Apart from reducing analysis time and the cost of the analysis, this could be potentially useful for the development of electrochemical methods for the detection and measurement of As(III) onsite. Both synthetic samples in which FA was added and a real sample with 22.16 mg/L total organic carbon (TOC) were analyzed.
Alternative solution to global warming arising from CO2 emissions—Partial neutralization of tropospheric H2CO3 with NH3
Authors: Apak Resat 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions to global warming arising from the “greenhouse effect” is presented, and atmospheric fate of NH3 summarized. It is proposed that if the near‐future attempts of the United Nations to restrict the emissions of CO2 from fossil fuels end up with failure, it would be a rational alternative to increase the contribution of anthropogenic NH3, the only alkaline gaseous molecule in the troposphere, so as to partly neutralize atmospheric carbonic acid in aerosols in the form of ammonium bicarbonate, which would be eventually swept away by precipitation to the oceans where the HCO−3 species is stable. Thus, addition of ammonium N‐compounds to infertile nonurban land, especially in the form of urea, is recommended to enable volatilization losses of NH3 to the atmosphere. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 26: 355–359, 2007
Emotional awareness among eating‐disordered patients: the role of narcissistic traits
Authors: Lawson Rachel , Waller Glenn , Sines Jennie , Meyer Caroline 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe narcissistic defences and a lack of emotional awareness (alexithymia) are both salient features of eating disorder pathology, as well as being linked to each other. As each of these characteristics impacts independently on treatment, it is important to understand how they interact within an eating‐disordered population. The present study assessed the associations between the three core elements of alexithymia and the core and defensive elements of narcissism in this clinical group. Seventy eating‐disordered patients completed standardised measures of alexithymia and narcissism, and multiple regression analyses were conducted in order to examine the relationship between these variables. Core narcissism (e.g. grandiosity, entitlement) was associated with difficulties in describing feelings to others, whereas the narcissistic defences were associated with difficulties in identifying feelings and distinguishing them from somatic experiences. These patterns of association suggest that different aspects of alexithymia are associated with different aspects of narcissism. Clinical suggestions are made for how these characteristics might require modifications of standard treatment approaches for the eating disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The mirror‐neuron system and handedness: A “right” world?
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Scotti Giuseppe , Filippi Massimo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo assess the relationship between the mirror‐neuron system (MNS), an observation‐execution matching system, and handedness, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging from 11 right‐handed (RH) and eight left‐handed (LH) subjects to identify regions involved in processing action (execution and observation) of the right and left upper limbs. During the execution tasks, LH subjects had a more bilateral pattern of activation than RH. An interaction between handedness and hand observed during the observation conditions was detected in several areas of the MNS and the motor system. The within‐ and between‐groups analyses confirmed different lateralizations of the MNS and motor system activations in RH and LH subjects during the observation tasks of the dominant and nondominant limbs. The comparison of the execution vs. observation task demonstrated that during the execution task with their dominant limbs, RH subjects activated areas of the motor system in the left hemisphere, whereas LH subjects also activated areas of the MNS. During the execution task with the nondominant limbs, both groups activated regions of the MNS and motor system. Albeit this study is based on a small sample, the patterns of MNS activations observed in RH and LH subjects support the theory that suggests that this system is involved in brain functions lateralization. In LH people, this system might contribute to their adaptation to a world essentially built for right‐handers through a mechanism of mirroring and imitation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of cortical connections as measured by EEG coherence and phase delays
Authors: Thatcher Robert W. , North Duane M. , Biver Carl J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore human development of EEG coherence and phase differences over the period from infancy to 16 years of age. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 19 scalp locations from 458 subjects ranging in age from 2 months to 16.67 years. EEG coherence and EEG phase differences were computed for the left and right hemispheres in the posterior‐to‐anterior direction (O1/2‐P3/4, O1/2‐C3/4, O1/2‐F3/4, and O1/2‐Fp1/2) and the anterior‐to‐ posterior direction (Fp1/2‐F3/4, Fp1/2‐C3/4, Fp1/2‐P3/4, and Fp1/2‐O1/2) in the beta frequency band (13–25 Hz). Sliding averages of EEG coherence and phase were computed using 1 year averages and 9 month overlapping that produced 64 means from 0.44 years of age to 16.22 years of age. Rhythmic oscillations in coherence and phase were noted in all electrode combinations. Different developmental trajectories were present for coherence and phase differences and for anterior‐to‐posterior and posterior‐to‐anterior directions and inter‐electrode distance. Large changes in EEG coherence and phase were present from ∼ 6 months to 4 years of age followed by a significant linear trend to higher coherence in short distance inter‐electrode distances and longer phase delays in long inter‐electrode distances. The results are consistent with a genetic model of rhythmic long term connection formation that occurs in cycles along a curvilinear trajectory toward adulthood. Competition for dendritic space, development of complexity, and nonlinear dynamic oscillations are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between lung cancer risk and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the first intron and codon 178 of the DNA repair gene, O6‐alkylguanine–DNA alkyltransferase
Authors: Crosbie Philip A.J. , McGown Gail , Thorncroft Mary R. , O'Donnell Paul N.S. , Barber Philip V. , Lewis Sarah J. , Harrison Kathryn L. , Agius Raymond M. , Santibáñez‐Koref Mauro F. , Margison Geoffrey P. , Povey Andrew C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe association between lung cancer risk and 2 polymorphisms, rs12268840 and rs2308327 (codon K178R), in the DNA repair protein, O6‐alkylguanine–DNA alkyltransferase, which are associated with interindividual differences in activity, have been investigated in 3 hospital‐based case–control studies. Genotyping was carried out on 617 subjects of whom 255 had lung cancer. In 2 of the 3 series, there was a significant inverse association between the 178R allele and case status (p < 0.05). In a meta‐analysis, the odds ratio (95% CI) associated with the 178R allele relative to the 178K allele was 0.64 (0.45–0.92, p = 0.01) and 0.51 (0.24–1.11, p = 0.09) in fixed effects and random effects models, respectively. In a pooled analysis, after adjustment for sex, age, pack years and series, the OR (95% CI) for a heterozygote was 0.67 (0.45–1.01) and for a 178R homozygote was 0.10 (0.01–0.94); the trend for a decreased risk with the number of R alleles was significant (p = 0.008). This trend was particularly pronounced in heavy smokers (trend test p = 0.003), but not significant in light smokers (p = 0.73). There was no evidence of an association between rs12268840 and lung cancer risk. These results suggest that the R allele may protect against lung cancer, specifically in heavy smokers, an effect that may result from this polymorphism affecting the function of the MGMT protein and/or levels in MGMT activity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of breast cancer by X‐ray diffraction of hair
Authors: Corino Gary L. , French Peter W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article presents the results of analyses of hair fibers from women with breast cancer using synchrotron‐derived X‐ray diffraction. These diffraction patterns contained a new feature superimposed on the normal diffraction pattern of α‐keratin. The feature appeared as a ring with a molecular spacing determined to be 4.76 ± 0.07 nm. This feature was not present in the diffraction patterns of hair from women without breast cancer as assessed by other routine clinical diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, different hairs from the same subject analysed on two different synchrotron beamlines give remarkably consistent diffraction patterns. Previous studies by other investigators have suggested that analysis of X‐ray diffraction patterns of hair can reveal the presence of breast cancer in clinical and preclinical trials. This finding, however, has not been independently confirmed. The methodologies of sample handling, sample exposure and image analysis are known to be vital. We discuss some of these issues and provide a detailed description of the methodology employed for the sample handling and image analysis and new methodologies developed from this work. We conclude that X‐ray diffraction of hair has the potential to provide a non‐invasive test for the presence of breast cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Period versus cohort modeling of up‐to‐date cancer survival
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Hakulinen Timo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecently, 2 modeling strategies have been proposed and shown to be useful to increase precision of up‐to‐date cancer survival estimates and to predict cancer patient survival: modeled period analysis and modeled cohort analysis. We aimed to compare the performance of both types of modeling for providing up‐to‐date and precise cancer survival estimates. Data from the nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry were used to assess how well both approaches would have been able to predict 5‐year relative survival of concurrently diagnosed patients if they had been applied for that purpose throughout the past decades. Analyses were carried out for 20 common forms of cancer. For each cancer, 5‐year relative survival was modeled with either approach for each single calendar year from 1962 to 1997. Mean differences and mean squared differences from 5‐year relative survival later observed for patients diagnosed in the 5‐year period around those calendar years were calculated. Survival estimates obtained by period modeling had much lower standard errors than those obtained by cohort modeling. Furthermore, for a clear majority of cancers, period modeling on average also provided better prediction of 5‐year relative survival than cohort modeling. We conclude that, although both modeling strategies have their merits and specific indications, period modeling of survival has distinct advantages for up‐to‐date and precise estimation of cancer survival in population‐based cancer survival studies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.