bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long and short of it: Somite formation in mice
Authors: Gridley Thomas 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA fundamental characteristic of the vertebrate body plan is its segmentation along the anterior–posterior axis. This segmental pattern is established during embryogenesis by the formation of somites, the transient epithelial blocks of cells that derive from the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm. Somite formation involves a molecular oscillator, termed the segmentation clock, in combination with gradients of signaling molecules such as fibroblast growth factor 8, WNT3A, and retinoic acid. Disruption of somitogenesis in humans can result in disorders such as spondylocostal dysostosis, which is characterized by vertebral malformations. This review summarizes recent findings concerning the role of Notch signaling in the segmentation clock, the complex regulatory network that governs somitogenesis, the genes that cause inherited spondylocostal dysostosis, and the mechanisms that regulate bilaterally symmetric somite formation. Developmental Dynamics 235:2330–2336, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncovering the uncharacterized and unexpected: Unbiased phenotype‐driven screens in the mouse
Authors: Caspary Tamara , V. Anderson Kathryn 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPhenotype‐based chemical mutagenesis screens for mouse mutations have undergone a transformation in the past five years from a potential approach to a practical tool. This change has been driven by the relative ease of identifying causative mutations now that the complete genome sequence is available. These unbiased screens make it possible to identify genes, gene functions and processes that are uniquely important to mammals. In addition, because chemical mutagenesis generally induces point mutations, these alleles often uncover previously unappreciated functions of known proteins. Here we provide examples of the success stories from forward genetic screens, emphasizing the examples that illustrate the discovery of mammalian‐specific processes that could not be discovered in other model organisms. As the efficiency of sequencing and mutation detection continues to improve, it is likely that forward genetic screens will provide an even more important part of the repertoire of mouse genetics in the future. Developmental Dynamics 235:2412–2423, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic code reordering method for improvement of Java performance
Authors: Yamada Tetsuyasu , Tanaka Shinji , Shiraishi Satoshi , Koyanagi Keiichi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWhen the Java language is used in a large‐scale real‐time communications system, processing power presents a problem. The authors have been investigating an essential solution for this problem. This paper proposes a technique in which native code which has already been on‐line compiled by a JIT compiler is dynamically reordered, based on profiling data obtained in the Java execution environment. The realization procedure is clearly described. The technique is to place segments of compiled code with high execution frequency close to each other as a group in memory. In addition, codes with low execution frequency are allocated to another area, so that the codes with high frequencies are more compactly placed. By this measure, the instruction cache hit rate of the processor is greatly increased and the processing performance in a large‐scale program can be improved. The extent of performance improvement by applying the dynamic code reordering technique is evaluated, using applications with characteristics close to those of the real large‐scale real‐time communications program, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(11): 78–88, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20185
Performance analysis of Bluetooth system in the presence of microwave oven noises
Authors: Murakami Takahide , Matsumoto Yasushi , Fujii Katsumi , Sugiura Akira 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBluetooth is a short‐range wireless system using the 2.4‐GHz band, but has the problem of degradation of communication quality caused by the noise radiated by microwave ovens which share the same frequency band. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally study the impact of microwave oven noise on Bluetooth. Time variations in the bit error rate with a fixed channel frequency are theoretically evaluated applying the time domain oven noise model represented by frequency and amplitude modulated wave to the theoretical equation of the bit error probability for frequency shift keying (FSK). The average bit error rate and the average packet error rate with the frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH‐SS) scheme are also evaluated. The results of theoretical study show that (1) microwave oven noise using an inverter power supply (inverter‐type) degrades average packet error rate more seriously than does a microwave oven not using an inverter power supply (transformer‐type), and that (2) FH‐SS is less effective in mitigating interference from inverter‐type oven noise compared with transformer‐type oven noise. Experiments are conducted using Bluetooth terminals. Error rates are measured using actual ovens and oven noise simulator based on the noise model. The effectiveness of the noise model applied in this paper in the evaluation of the Bluetooth transmission characteristics during microwave oven noise interference is demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(11): 24–34, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20275
Relative speed‐based routing (RSR) for vehicle ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Yoshida Masashi , Arai Kunimitsu , Asami Shigeyuki , Miki Tetsuya 
Published: May 2006

AbstractVehicle ad‐hoc networks, which can be achieved by wireless connections between vehicles without using a special communication infrastructure, are attracting attention. A point to consider with respect to vehicle ad‐hoc networks is that dynamic changes in topology frequently occur. Unless a stable communications route with long life is constructed in intervehicle communications, the transmission of control packets generated when the communications route is disconnected will increase the overhead. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes the RSR (relative speed‐based routing) routing protocol for vehicle ad‐hoc networks in which a stable communications route is constructed without using beacons or similar means. RSR is a routing protocol that uses the relative speed and the cumulative change of the distance to neighboring vehicles as the metric. The protocol is realized by including the relative speed and intervehicle distance information as elements in the route request packets used for reactive routing. RSR is compared by simulation to AODV, which is a typical reactive routing protocol, and FORP, which is a reactive routing protocol emphasizing stability. It is shown that RSR is better in terms of packet arrival ratio and stability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(11): 1–11, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20293
Analysis of QCM gas sensor transient response by visualizing gas concentration
Authors: Tsujita Wataru , Nakamoto Takamichi , Ishida Hiroshi , Moriizumi Toyosaka 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGas‐source localization systems are required to quickly detect gas concentrations at various locations while moving. It is therefore necessary to design the system by taking account of the delay in the response and recovery of the gas sensor in the presence of variations in gas concentration. Also, in order to model the dynamic characteristics of the gas sensor in open air, it is essential to understand the delay in response and recovery of the gas sensor. To carry out a transient response analysis of such a gas sensor, it is necessary to know the gas concentration (changing in time) at the gas sensor. In the present study, in order to analyze the transient response of a QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) gas sensor, the gas concentration is visualized. A photodiode is placed close to the gas sensor and the intensity of scattered laser light is measured optically in order to know the concentration of the gas passing over the sensor. The sensor response and the intensity of scattered light are measured simultaneously and the sensor response is estimated from the visualized gas concentration by means of the models of a second‐order system and a neural network. When the measured results and the estimated results are compared, the model based on the neural network is found to estimate more accurately. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 14–21, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10062
VCS‐IV: A real‐time vision system using a digital vision chip
Authors: Kagami Shingo , Komuro Takashi , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Masatoshi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA real‐time visual processing system based on a vision chip that aggregates per pixel digital processing circuitry is presented. The system supports the authors' latest vision chip and achieves high‐speed, high‐performance visual processing using an implementation that is small yet highly expandable and versatile. The main feature of the system is that the image capture function is programmable, with the operation of the internal pixel A–D conversion controlled from software at high time resolutions. The performance of the system is evaluated by application to basic visual processing and measurement systems, and examples of applications of the enhanced image capture function are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 34–43, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20269
Identifying errors in mathematical expressions using syntactic tree structures
Authors: Ikeda Koji , Nakamura Manabu , Otsuki Setsuko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWhen constructing a practical intelligent educational system, the system needs to have the ability to reconstruct a learner's answers complete with mistakes if it is to provide learning support adapted to the learner's response. This paper proposes the use of syntactic tree structures to identify a learner's errors as an effective and realistic method for implementing such functionality. Comparing a syntactic tree structure derived from a given mathematical expression using a DCG with that derived from a learner's answer using DCG, we are able to determine whether there is an error in the learner's response. In addition, by using the results of this error identification process we are able to provide adaptive support tailored to individual learners. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 55–62, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20271
DNA fingerprinting of Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas species by pulsed‐field minigel electrophoresis
Authors: Lopez‐Canovas Lilia , Bravo Laura , Herrera Jose , Riveron Ana Maria , Javer Elisa , Sanchez Axel , Fando Rafael , Noa Maria Dolores , Fernandez Anabel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDNA molecules of Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas species were prepared by incubating immobilized cells for 4 and 2 h, respectively, with a nonenzymatic solution that contains chemical reagents only (NDSUPlus). This method gave results as reproducible as the enzymatic one that uses proteinase K, and rendered DNA molecules suitable for fingerprinting by mini‐CHEF electrophoresis. As rapid DNA separations at high electric field are achieved in mini‐CHEF chamber with low heat evolution, DNA restriction fragments were separated in 5 h at 10 V/cm in a single resolution window. Then, fragment separations in three resolution windows were done in 15 h. This time is shorter than the one needed by the large CHEF chamber for resolving fragments in a single resolution window. Three windows permitted to include larger numbers of restriction fragments in the calculation of isolate similarities. Both sample preparation and mini‐CHEF electrophoresis may represent an alternative for performing massive epidemiological studies of V. cholerae and Aeromonas species.
Dissection of mitochondrial superhaplogroup H using coding region SNPs
Authors: Brandstätter Anita , Salas Antonio , Niederstätter Harald , Gassner Christoph , Carracedo Angel , Parson Walther 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHaplogroup H (hg H) includes about 40–50% of the West Eurasian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) samples investigated so far. In order to enhance discrimination within this haplogroup we selected 45 coding region SNPs that allow to ascribe samples to the main phylogenetic branches of super hg HV (that embraces hg H) and, in particular, to H sublineages with a much finer resolution than previous studies. SNP selection was carried out using the most up‐to‐date available literature on population and forensic genetics and extended by means of phylogenetic analysis of complete or coding region genomes (<430) and control region sequences. A meticulous inspection of the H phylogeny led us to the observation of various but uncharacterized subclades of hg H. The selected SNPs were amplified in two PCR‐multiplex reactions and subsequently targeted in three single‐base extension multiplex reactions. A total of 2214 West Eurasian samples were screened for hg H specific loci 2706 and 7028, of which 859 fell in hg H and were further subjected to subhaplogroup typing. We observed 35 different subhaplogroups in total, 33 of which were found at frequencies below 5%. This assay can be used as a prescreening tool in forensic casework for rapid discrimination between divergent lineages (very effective for high‐volume crime cases) or as discriminatory assay, when identical hg H haplotypes were obtained by control region sequencing.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography of fluorescently labeled proteins on poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐based microchips
Authors: Roman Gregory T. , Carroll Susan , McDaniel Kevin , Culbertson Christopher T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMEKC of standard proteins was investigated on PDMS microfluidic devices. Standard proteins were labeled with AlexaFluor® 488 carboxylic acid tetrafluorophenyl ester and filtered through a size‐exclusion column to remove any small peptides and unreacted label. High‐efficiency MEKC separations of these standard proteins were performed using a buffer consisting of 10 mM sodium tetraborate, 25 mM SDS, and 20% v/v ACN. A separation of BSA using this buffer in a 3.0 cm long channel generated a peak with a plate height of 0.38 μm in <20 s. Additional fast separations of myoglobin, α‐lactalbumin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c also yielded peaks with plate heights ranging from 0.54 to 0.72 μm. All proteins migrated with respect to their individual pIs. To improve the separations, we used a PDMS serpentine chip with tapered turns and a separation distance of 25 cm. The number of plates generated increased linearly with increasing separation distance on the extended separation channel chips; however, the resolution reached an asymptotic value after about 7 cm. This limited the peak capacity of the separation technique to 10–12.
Capillary electrophoresis method for determination ofD‐serine and its application for monitoring of serine racemase activity
Authors: Koval Dušan , Jirásková Jana , Stříšovský Kvido , Konvalinka Jan , Kašička Václav 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSerine racemase (SR) is an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis ofD‐serine, the coagonist of theN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor, in the brain. Therefore, it has been suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. To develop a potent inhibitor of SR, a simple, sensitive, fast, and robust assay is needed. In this paper, a new CE method for the determination ofD‐serine is described. Serine enantiomers are resolved in the form ofo‐phthaldialdehyde (OPA)/2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) derivatives in an alkaline BGE composed of 50 mM sodium tetraborate, pH 9.7, and containing 40 mM 2‐hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CD as a chiral selector. The problem of time‐limited stability of OPA/2‐ME derivatives has been overcome by employing in‐capillary derivatization of the sample,i.e., the derivatization reaction was carried out directly in the separation capillary in the first phase of the CE run. UV‐absorption detection at 230 nm allowed concentration detection limit of 3 μM. Baseline resolution ofD‐ andL‐serine derivatives was achieved in less than 10 min. This fact, together with the simple sample pretreatment, allowed application of the method to medium‐throughput monitoring of SR activity, such as the screening of potential SR inhibitors. A good agreement was achieved between the developed CE method and the previously established HPLC method for determination of the inhibition constant,Ki, of a new SR inhibitor,L‐erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate.
Retracted and replaced: a flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element procedure for triangular grids
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko , Bathe Klaus‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe following article from the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids ‘A flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element procedure for triangular grids’ by Haruhiko Kohno and Klaus‐Jürgen Bathe published online on 3 August 2005 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) and in print on 10 October 2005 in the
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids Volume 49 Issue 8 pp. 849–875 has been retracted and replaced by agreement between the authors, the journal editors and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The article has been retracted due to printing errors which have been corrected in the replacement article.(DOI: 10.1002/fld.1246)
Nanotechnology occupational and environmental health and safety: Education and research needs for an emerging interdisciplinary field of study
Authors: Genaidy Ash , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCommercialization of nanotechnology (NT) has the potential to affect the health and safety of the industrial workforce and the general public. The main objective of this position paper is to present an education and research framework for the emerging interdisciplinary field of NT occupational and environmental health and safety. The specific aims of this program are to (a) establish evidence‐based guidelines for the protection/promotion of individual health and safety along the life cycle of nano‐based products in light of the best available scientific information, technologies, and best practices; (b) present and address issues of importance to individual health and safety in nanomanufacturing enterprises in different industry sectors, environment, and public consumer health (civilian and military); (c) provide a forum for idea exchange and research agenda on the use of NT in prevention/treatment of specific occupational/environmental diseases; and (d) disseminate the latest research findings on NT and occupational and public health, and nano‐health technologies for occupational diseases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 247–253, 2006.
Factors influencing implementation of occupational safety and health management systems by enterprises in Poland
Authors: Podgórski Daniel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractImplementing legal regulations in occupational safety and health (OSH) as well as other actions aimed at improving working conditions in industry in many countries run in parallel with promoting nonobligatory OSH management systems (OSH MS). To define a scientific basis for working out a set of guidelines for promoting OSH MS, a survey was conducted in 40 companies. This research aimed to identify motivational factors for decisions to introduce OSH MS. Four groups of professionals who participated in the decision‐making process related to implementing OSH MS were interviewed: (a) the most senior managers of the enterprise, (b) representatives of top management for implementation and maintenance of OSH MS, (c) safety and health managers, and (d) workers' safety representatives. The results indicate the need for: (1) improving the efficiency of programs promoting implementation of OSH MS; (2) considering the role of economic incentives in promoting these systems; (3) developing and promoting training packages related to OSH management, adjusted particularly to the needs of employees and their representatives to increase their involvement in OSH activities; and (4) modifying legal solutions establishing a system of differentiated premium rates for social insurance against occupational accidents and diseases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 255–267, 2006.
Changing the internal health and safety organization through organizational learning and change management
Authors: Hasle Peter , Jensen Per Langaa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractResearch from several countries indicates that the internal health and safety organization is marginalized in most companies, and it is difficult for the professionals to secure a proper role in health and safety on the companies' present agenda. The goal of a Danish project involving a network of 11 companies was to search for a solution to this problem. The health and safety managers and safety representatives played the role of “change agents” for local projects aiming to develop the health and safety organization. The study showed that 3 of the 11 companies proved to be able to implement successful changes; 5 were partially successful; 3 were nonperformers. The more successful outcomes seem to depend on the abilities of change agents to handle a complex and unpredictable project. Based on these case studies, it has been possible to deduce some strategies change agents must follow to fulfill such a process. Such strategies require the ability to be able to identify opportunities for change, establish a sustainable problem definition, and build coalitions. An amoeba model is suggested as a metaphor for this type of development project. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 269–284, 2006.
The development of critical criteria to improve the alarm system in the process industry
Authors: Shahriari Mohammed , Shee Anirban , Örtengren Roland 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe process industry handles most of the flammable and toxic materials within the industrial sector. Hence, safety issues are of prime importance as any possible accident can have severe consequences for both humans and the environment. For the safe and efficient operation of a plant while preventing mishaps in the process, a good alarm system is very important. Ultimate plant safety relies not only on the efficiency of the alarm system but also on the ability of the operators. In this study the authors develop the specifications required for a critical alarm system appropriate for most of the process industries; the specifications are based on optimal information flow between the operating system, guidance system, and the operator, ultimately to make the job less stressful and easier for the operators. The aim is to reduce the risk involved in control room operations that are associated with human factors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 321–337, 2006.
Two New Diterpenoids from Callicarpa pedunculata
Authors: Liu Hai‐Yang , He Hong‐Ping , Gao Suo , Chen Chang‐Xiang , Shen Yue‐Mao , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTwo new diterpenoids, pedunculatic acid A (= (4R,5α,7α)‐7‐ethoxy‐9β,13β‐dioxyabiet‐8(14)‐en‐18‐oic acid; 1) and pedunculatic acid B (= (4S,5α,12β)‐8β,14β‐epoxy‐12‐hydroxy‐11‐oxototaran‐19‐oic acid; 2), together with three known sesquiterpenoids, were isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Callicarpa pedunculata R. Brown. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and by high‐resolution mass spectrometry.