bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intra‐ and inter‐pool crosses in faba beans (Vicia faba L.). I. Hybrid performance and heterosis in Mediterranean and German environments
Authors: Link W. , Schill B. , Barbera A. C. , Cubero J. I. , Filippetti A. , Stringi L. , Kittlitz E. von , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo recently detected, promising CMS systems in faba bean have opened up new possibilities in hybrid breeding. This study was conducted to determine hybrid performance and heterosis of 33 intra‐pool and 66 inter‐pool crosses from a factorial of six European small‐seeded (Minor), six European large‐seeded (Major), and eight Mediterranean faba bean lines. The parent lines and F1 crosses were evaluated at two German and seven Mediterranean environments for anthesis, maturity, yield, yield components and plant height. Yield in the Mediterranean environments was 60% of that in the German environments. European Minor lines and their intra‐pool crosses were unadapted to Mediterranean environments and yielded only 31 % compared with the Mediterranean lines and their crosses, whereas European Major genotypes yielded 58%. In German environments the European crosses yielded 107% of the Mediterranean crosses. Heterotic yield increase over the parental mean was largest for European Minor x Mediterranean inter‐pool crosses, amounting to 95% in the Mediterranean and 73% in German environments. Our results confirmed the expectation of an increased heterosis in inter‐pool over intra‐pool hybrids and poor adaptation of European genotypes in Mediterranean environments. In the latter, Mediterranean intra‐pool hybrids were the most promising, whereas in Germany inter‐pool hybrids of the European Minor × Mediterranean type were most promising.
Efficiency in the use of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium in topless faba beans (Vicia faba L.) – variability and inheritance*
Authors: Stelling D. , Wang S.‐H. , Römer W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a field experiment with topless faba beans, parental inbred lines and FI hybrids of a 7 × 7‐diallel were evaluated for traits related to the P, N and K efficiency. In addition, the parental inbreds were cultivated in a pot experiment at two P levels (100 vs. 700 mg P per pot). Significant heterosis for grain yield, uptake and utilization efficiency of nutrients in the field experiment highlighted the enhancement of nutrient efficiency in the hybrids. Amongst both parental inbreds and hybrids, significant genotypic variation was found for nearly all recorded traits. In the diallel analysis, the GCA effects generally proved to be highly significant and in most cases considerably higher than the SCA effects. In the pot experiment, grain yield ranking of the parental lines at the high P level (= P700) was very similar to that in the field experiment, whereas at the low P level (= P100, – P deficiency) the ranking of the lines changed considerably. Correspondingly, the P level‐line interaction was highly significant. High tolerance towards P deficiency was found for those two parental inbreds derived from cultivars bred under Syrian conditions. At the high P supply, P efficiency was more favoured by a high P uptake, but at P deficiency by a high internal P utilization.
Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to a rhizomania resistance gene in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by bulked segregant analysis
Authors: Pelsy F. , Merdinoglu D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBulked segregant analysis was employed to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to a gene that confers rhizomania resistance to a sugar beet line created from a Holly Sugar Company breeding population (USA). Polymorphism revealed with 160 arbitrary 10‐mer oligonucleotide primers was screened in two bulks produced by separately pooling the individual DNAs from the six most resistant and the six most susceptible plants of an F2 population segregating for rhizomania resistance. A study of the F2 individuals showed that 19 primers generated 44 polymorphic markers which were then grouped into nine linkage groups. By analysis of variance, 12 were shown to have a significant effect upon the level of resistance and were mapped on a segment 22.3 cM long. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) of resistance was identified and located in a 4.6cM interval between two markers. It accounted for 67.4% of the observed variation and almost all the genetic variation. These results suggest that the identified QTL corresponds to a unique major gene conditioning the Holly resistance studied, which we have named Rz‐l.
Gli‐B3/Glu‐B2 encoded prolamins do not affect selected quality properties in the durum wheat cross ‘Abadía’×‘Mexicali 75’
Authors: Ruiz M. , Carrillo J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA study was made of the effects of the Gli‐B3/Glu‐B2 encoded prolamins on durum‐wheat quality. Twenty‐six F3 lines from the durum wheat cross ‘Abadia’×‘Mexicali 75’ were analysed electrophoretically for prolamin composition and for the following quality parameters: SDS sedimentation value, mixing properties, and percentage grain protein and percentage vitreous kernels. The results showed that the presence or absence of the Gli‐B3/Glu‐B2 encoded prolamins did not result in any significant difference in the quality characteristics of the F3 lines; however, as expected, the LMW glutenins encoded at Glu‐B3 showed large differences and are therefore the major prolamins influencing durum wheat gluten quality.
Short Communication Resistance to common bunt in Hordeum chilense X Triticum spp. Amphiploids
Authors: Rubiales D. , Ramírez M. C. , Martín A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe reaction of tritordeum and its Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. parents to common bunt incited by Tilletia tritici were determined in field experiments. H. chilense accessions were very resistant, and durum wheats exhibited high to moderate levels of resistance. Conversely, bread wheats were highly susceptible. Resistance from H. chilense was expressed in the amphiploids, although the level of resistance was partially diluted at higher ploidy levels. Hexaploid tritordeums were immune to the disease; some infection was observed among the octo‐ploids but at much lower levels than in their respective wheat parents.
Stability of fingerprints of Solanum tuberosum plants derived from conventional tubers and vitrotubers
Authors: Mandolino G. , De Marco S. , Faeti V. , Bagatta M. , Carboni A. , Ranalli P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe restriction and amplification patterns of potato genomic DNA of eight different cultivars and breeding clones has been studied. The analysis was carried out by polyacrylamide high resolution gels, and subsequent blotting and hybridization to potato DNA probes, and by agarose gel electrophoresis of the amplification products obtained with a variety of random primers. Fingerprinting of the genotypes was possible using two enzyme‐probe combinations (Rsal‐GP35 and Rsal‐CP6) and three random primers (OPA4, OPA19 and OPG12). Based on the same techniques, a number of plants from the cvs. Monalisa and Spunta originated from the sprouting of in vitro‐induced tubers (vitrotubers) were analysed to test the reproducibility of RFLP and PCR patterns. No variations were found with RFLP analysis. Some different RAPD patterns were seen, showing putatively vitrotuber‐specific variations.
Callus induction and plant regeneration from immature and mature embryos of winter durum wheat genotypes
Authors: ÖZgen M. , Türet M. , ÖZcan S. , Sancak C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeven genotypes of winter durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were cultured to establish an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration from mature embryo culture, and to compare the responses of immature and mature embryo cultures. Immature embryos were aseptically dissected from seeds and placed, with the scutellum upwards, in dishes containing Murashige and Skoog's (MS) mineral salts and 2mg 2,4‐ dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) per litre. Calli and regenerated plants were maintained on 2,4‐D‐free medium. Mature embryos were moved slightly on the imbibed seeds. For callus formation, the seeds with moved embryos were placed, furrow downwards, in dishes containing 8 mg 2,4‐D per litre. The developed calli and regenerated plants were maintained on the MS medium. Plants regenerated from both embryo cultures were vernalized and grown to maturity in soil. Variability was observed among the wheat genotypes tested for various culture responses in both explant cultures. Callus induction rate and regeneration capacity of callus were independent of each other. Mature embryos have a low frequency of callus induction but a high regeneration capacity. Considering availability, rapidity and reliability, this form of mature embryo culture can be used as an alternative method for immature embryo culture.
Hybridizations among Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea and their two weedy relatives B. nigra and Sinapis arvensis under open pollination conditions in the field
Authors: Bing D. J. , Downey R. K. , Rakow G. F. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe rate of natural crosses occurring among the cultivated Brassica species B. napus, B. rapa, and B. juncea and their two weedy relatives B. nigra and Sinapis arvensis was studied in co‐cultivation experiments under field conditions in Saskatchewan, Canada, with special reference to evaluation of the possibility of transgene escape from the cultivated to the weedy species. Natural crosses occurred among B. napus, B. rapa, and B. juncea, indicating that hybridizations among these three species do occur under field conditions. On the other hand, no natural crosses occurred between the cultivated species and B. nigra or S. arvensis. It is concluded that the crosses between the cultivated and weedy species are practically impossible under field conditions in Saskatchewan, and that the escape of transgenes from transgenic cultivars of B. napus, B. rapa and B. juncea into B. nigra and S. arvensis is basically zero in this region.
Seed protein content of soybean as affected by spatial variation in field experiments
Authors: Vollmann J. , Hadad T. El , Gretzmacher R. , Ruckenbauer P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe variation of soybean seed protein content has been investigated in performance trials of maturity group 000 to I genotypes at different locations in the eastern part of Austria between 1992 and 1994. In all experiments evaluated, significant portions of spatial variation were identified which affected seed protein content in the range of −25 to +30 g/kg. Lattice and neighbour analysis were more efficient than the randomized complete block design in reducing error variance in most experiments. Neighbour analysis was superior to the lattice design when soil trends were changing over short distances or in both longitudinal and latitudinal directions. In most instances, neighbour analysis based on two or three neighbouring plots at each side of a test plot was more efficient than an analysis using only the nearest neighbours. Residuals derived from neighbour analysis were also used to visualize spatial heterogeneity, and clear trends of protein content were identified for particular experimental sites. The ranking of genetic entries was considerably biased by spatial variations, which would have reduced the efficiency of selection for high protein content if genotype performance was not adjusted for field variation.
An extended genetic map of rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Senft P. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA genetic linkage map of rye consisting of 92 markers was constructed by using isozyme and molecular marker techniques. For this purpose an F2 population of 137 individuals was established on which RFLP studies with homologous and heterologous probes were performed. After establishing a reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, 280 random primers were screened for polymorphisms and 17 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci were mapped. The digestion of the template DNA prior to PCR increased the degree of polymorphism. Previously published markers could also be integrated into this map by using the JoinMap computer program. The resulting linkage map comprises a total of 127 markers and spans a distance of about 760 cM.
The use of bulked segregant analysis to accumulate RAPD markers near a locus for beet cyst nematode resistance in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Halldén C. , Säll T. , Olsson K. , Nilsson N.‐O. , Hjerdin A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to accumulate RAPD markers near the beet cyst nematode resistance locus Hslpro‐1 of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Graphical genotypes constructed from RFLP data were utilized to select F2 individuals in (1) the construction of pools of plants used in the initial screening for polymorphisms, and (2) the selection of individual plants used to confirm the potential linkage. The pooled DNA samples were screened for polymorphisms using 668 RAPD primers. Forty‐four candidate markers potentially linked to the region were analysed further using 14 segregating individuals. Close linkage was confirmed for 17 of the markers. Four of the RAPD markers were assigned map coordinates within the RFLP map. Three of these markers extended the RFLP map by 3cM. Altogether, the 8cM target interval contains 10 RFLP and 17 RAPD markers, corresponding to an average marker density of 0.3cM in the Hslpro‐1 region.
Combining different linkage maps in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to make one map
Authors: Schumacher K. , Schondelmaier J. , Barzen E. , Steinrücken G. , Borchardt D. , Weber W. E. , Jung C. , Salamini F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeveral genetic maps for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), from different German research groups, have been published and it is now possible to consider combining them with the aid of the common markers. The computer program JOINMAP (versions 1.3 and 2.0) was used for pair‐wise combination of three populations. Several problems arose: the genetic background of the populations, different population structures (F2 versus F1× F1), different number of polymorphic loci for common probes in the populations to be combined, different estimates of the recombination rates between the same markers and differences between the JoinMap versions. The maps from two F2 populations could be integrated into a single map, but it was more appropriate to construct separate maps for the F2 populations and the F1× F1 population using common markers as reference points only.
Evaluation of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Varghese Y. A. , Knaak C. , Sethuraj M. R. , Ecke W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe applicability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in the cultivated rubber tree, Hevea, was evaluated using 43 decamer oligonucleotide primers in a set of 24 clones selected in different South‐East Asian countries. A total of 220 0.35–3.5 kb DNA fragments were amplified, of which 111 were polymorphic. Of these, 80 fragments (RAPD markers) which were repeatable and clearly scorable across all genotypes were used to estimate genetic distances among the clones tested. The estimated genetic distances ranged from 0.05 (RRII 308 and PB 5/51) to 0.75 (RRIC 100 and SCATC 88–13). A mean genetic distance of 0.5 indicates a rather high genetic variability among the tested clones. As expected, because of the breeding history of Hevea, UPGMA cluster analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) indicated the absence of a distinct geographical grouping. The possible application of RAPD markers for clone identification and also for analysis of genetic relationships among Hevea clones is discussed.
Heritability estimates of field resistance to spot blotch in four spring wheat crosses
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Dubin H. J. , Devkota R. N. , Bhatta M. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSpot blotch of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem., is a major disease in South Asia. Popular commercial cultivars have low levels of resistance to spot blotch. Information on the inheritance of spot blotch resistance in wheat is lacking. Field studies were conducted in four wheat crosses, each involving a Chinese hexaploid parent with high levels of resistance and a commercial cultivar with low to intermediate levels of resistance to spot blotch. Data were recorded in the F2, F3 and F4 generations to estimate heritability. Field studies were conducted in three years (1992–94) at Rampur. Nepal, involving 150 lines in each cross. The spot blotch score was recorded as the percentage necrosis and associated chlorosis of the two upper most leaf surface. In the F2 generation three spot blotch readings on the flag leaf were taken whereas in the F3 and F4 generations four readings were recorded at 5‐day intervals on the flag and the penultimate leaves. The highest disease score (HDS) and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were analysed. Heritability (h2) estimates for spot blotch resistance were intermediate to high measured in terms of HDS (0.47 < h2 < 0.67) and also AUDPC (0.58 < h2 < 0.77) both in F3 and F4 generations in each of the four crosses. Heritability values were somewhat higher for AUDPC than HDS. There were significant negative correlations (r) of days to heading with HDS (‐0.186 < r < ‐0.515) and AUDPC (‐0.218 < r < ‐0.623). One‐hundred kernel weight was significantly negatively correlated to AUDPC (‐0.245 < r < ‐0.454) in all crosses in each generation. The results suggest that selection for resistance to spot blotch could be effective in the segregating populations generated from hexaploid wheat parents having different levels of resistance. Although AUDPC appeared to be a better measure to determine genetic differences for spot blotch in wheat, HDS would be adequate in screening trials for resistance to spot blotch.
Effect of variation at Glu‐D1 on club wheat end‐use quality
Authors: Jones S. S. , Cadle M. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractClub wheats (Triticum aestivum L.), having the allele at the C locus conferring short spike rachis internodes and giving compact appearance of spikes, which have unique and highly desirable soft white wheat end‐use quality characteristics are a vital submarket class of soft white wheat in the US Pacific Northwest. Two important varieties, ‘Tyee’ and ‘Albit’, are heterogeneous for high molecular weight glutenin subunits 2 + 12 and 5 + 10 encoded by the Glu‐D1 locus. Replicated near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of club wheats ‘Tyee’ and ‘Albit’ were grown in four field environments and used to determine the effect of Glu‐D1 coded high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMWGS) 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 on various end‐use quality traits. The greatest effect of variation at this locus was observed for mixing time to peak, where there was significant variation (P < 0.01) between each 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 NIL group in each environment. Mixing time values for the 2 + 12 NILs for both ‘Albit’ and ‘Tyee’ ranged from 0.60 to 1.23 min lower than the 5 + 10 NILs. Mean values for traits mixing time to peak, cake volume, and viscosity were more favourable for the 2 + 12 NIL groups for all genotypes in all environments. No effects of these HMWGS were detected for test weight, kernel hardness, whole wheat protein, flour yield, ash, flour protein or cookie diameter. Selection for HMWGS 2 + 12 in club wheat breeding programmes should have positive effects on end‐use quality.
Methods for screening maize against downy mildew Peronosclerospora sorghi
Authors: Cardwell K. F. , Kling J. G. , Bock C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMethods of inoculum delivery and timing of test‐row planting were assessed for efficacy in promoting development of downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) in susceptible maize, and for cost of implementation in terms of personnel and labour. Direct inoculation of pre‐germinated seed of spreader rows resulted in consistent and high incidence of downy mildew infected plants and required substantially less labour and inoculum than the spray inoculation of spreader rows. The optimum time to plant test rows was around 15 days after inoculation of spreader rows. Eight breeding lines were screened for resistance to downy mildew using the revised inoculation method. After one cycle of screening with the new method, resistance levels improved by a range of 0–44% over the previous cycle.
Intrachromosomal mapping of genes for dwarfing (Rht12) and vernalization response (Vrn1) in wheat by using RFLP and microsatellite markers
Authors: Korzun V. , Röder M. , Worland A. J. , Börner A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFor intrachromosomal mapping of the dominant GA‐sensitive dwarfing gene Rht12 and the vernalization response gene Vrn1 on chromosome 5 A, an F2 population was established using a wide (synthetic) wheat cross. In addition to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes four microsatellite markers were incorporated. Rht12 was mapped distally to four RFLP loci (Xmwg616, Xpsr164, Xwg114, Xpsr1201) and three microsatellite markers (Xgwm179, Xgwm410, Xgwm291), known to be located on the segment of chromosome SAL which was ancestrally translocated and is homoeologous to Triticeae 4 L. The map position of Rht12 suggests that it is homoeologous to the dominant GA‐sensitive dwarfing gene Ddw1, present on chromosome 5RL. The vernalization response gene Vrn1 showed linkage to Xwg644, as might be expected from comparative maps.
Identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). IX. Cultivars, land races and breeding lines grown in China
Authors: Huang X. Q. , Hsam S. L. K. , Zeller F. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of the study was to provide information about the occurrence and distribution of resistance genes in wheat cultivars, including old cultivars, land races and advanced breeding lines grown in China. Ninety‐four accessions were analysed with a set of 11 differential powdery mildew isolates. Forty‐four cultivars did not possess any major mildew resistance genes. Thirty cultivars revealed the response pattern of individual resistance genes. The most frequently encountered gene was Pm8, which occurred singly in 11 cultivars, combined either with Pm4a in three cultivars or with Pm4b in another three cultivars. However, 12 cultivars possessing the wheat‐rye translocated chromosome pair T1BL‐1RS did not express Pm8. Gene Pm2 was found in four cultivars and in combination with Pm6 in one cultivar. Genes Pm4a and Pm4b were observed in four and five cultivars, respectively. Another six cultivars carried Pm5. A gene combination of Pm2+Pm4b+Pm6 was found in one cultivar. Twelve cultivars and breeding lines exhibited a response pattern that could not be assigned to resistance genes or gene combinations present in the differential cultivars. Five out of these 12 cultivars/lines showed resistance to all the isolates tested. There is an urgent need to search for novel sources of mildew resistance in order to sustain resistance to existing and emerging powdery mildew pathogens.