bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) XpressO: Validation of a digital self‐administered cognitive prescreening tool
Authors: Klil‐Drori Sivan , Bodenstein Katie C. , Sun Shuo , Kojok Lara , Gruber Johanna , Ghantous Youssef , Cummings Jeffrey , Nasreddine Ziad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe need for cognitive testing is increasing with the aging population and the advent of new Alzheimer disease therapies. To respond to the increased demand, the XpressO was developed as a self‐administered digital cognitive prescreening tool that will help distinguish between populations of subjective and objective cognitive impairment according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).MethodsThis is a prospective validation study. XpressO is composed of tasks that assess memory and executive functions. It is validated compared to the digital MoCA as a gold standard. Out of 118 participants screened from the MoCA Clinic and a family practice clinic, 88 met inclusion criteria, two participants had missing data due to incomplete tasks, 86 participants were included in the analysis; the mean age was 70.34 years. A logistic regression model was built, and its accuracy was evaluated by the sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic.ResultsAnalysis showed strong correlation between (1) XpressO memory tasks scores and the MoCA Memory Index Score (p‐values < 0.001), and between (2) XpressO sub‐test scores and MoCA total score (p‐values < 0.005). The AUC for predicting MoCA performance is 0.845. To classify individuals with normal and abnormal MoCA scores, two threshold values were introduced for the total XpressO scores: sensitivity of 91% at a cutoff of 72, specificity of 90% at a cutoff of 42, and an undetermined range in between.ConclusionXpressO demonstrated high AUC, high sensitivity and specificity to predict cognitive performance compared to the digital MoCA. It may provide efficient cognitive prescreening by identifying individuals who would benefit from further clinical assessments, potentially reducing waiting times and high burden on healthcare clinics.
Type and timing of ultra‐processed foods consumption and its association with dietary intake and physical activity in women with obesity living in poverty
Authors: Carvalho Guilherme César , Pereira Micnéias Róberth , de Lima Macena Mateus , Silva Junior André Eduardo , Silva Dafiny Rodrigues , Ferro Débora Cavalcante , Paula Déborah Tenório da Costa , Melo Jennifer Mikaella Ferreira , Farias da Silva Maria Clara Tavares , Bueno Nassib Bezerra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the type and timing of ultra‐processed foods (UPF) consumption and its association with dietary intake (DI) and physical activity (PA) in women with obesity living in poverty.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was employed. Obesity was defined by at least two criteria (body mass index, waist circumference or % fat mass). Poverty was defined as the three lowest classes of the Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion. PA was measured with triaxial accelerometers and DI was assessed with three 24‐h dietary recalls. Foods were categorised according to the NOVA classification, with UPF classified into five subgroups, as well as the timing of consumption into six meals.ResultsIn total, 56 adult women were included. Overall energy intake was 1653.21 (503.22) kcal/day. UPF intake was 21.62% (11.94%) kcal/day, being higher at breakfast (4.91% kcal/day), afternoon snack (5.39% kcal/day) and dinner (5.01% kcal/day). Only UPF subgroup 4 (sandwich biscuits, sweets, or treats) showed a positive association with energy intake (β = 54.40 [27.6, 81.10] kcal/day) and a negative association with protein intake (β = −0.31% [−0.48%, −0.14%] kcal/day). UPF consumption in morning (β = −0.41% [−0.79%, −0.02%] kcal/day) and afternoon (β = −0.18% [−0.33%, −0.04%] kcal/day) snacks was associated with lower protein intake. Furthermore, lunchtime UPF consumption was positively associated with walking time (β = 0.16% [0.02%; 0.30%]) and steps/hour (β = 8.72 [1.50; 15.94] steps/h).ConclusionsWomen with obesity living in poverty consume more UPF during breakfast, afternoon snack and dinner. Physical activity is positively associated with UPF consumption at lunch. UPF, such as sandwich biscuits, sweets or treats, contribute to increasing energy intake and reducing protein intake.
RACK1A promotes hypocotyl elongation by scaffolding light signaling components in Arabidopsis
Authors: Fu Yajuan , Zhu Wei , Zhou Yeling , Su Yujing , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Dayan , Zhang Dong , Shen Jinyu , Liang Jiansheng 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTPlants deploy versatile scaffold proteins to intricately modulate complex cell signaling. Among these, RACK1A (Receptors for Activated C Kinase 1A) stands out as a multifaceted scaffold protein functioning as a central integrative hub for diverse signaling pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which RACK1A orchestrates signal transduction to optimize seedling development remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RACK1A facilitates hypocotyl elongation by functioning as a flexible platform that connects multiple key components of light signaling pathways. RACK1A interacts with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)3, enhances PIF3 binding to the promoter of BBX11 and down‐regulates its transcription. Furthermore, RACK1A associates with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to repress HY5 biochemical activity toward target genes, ultimately contributing to hypocotyl elongation. In darkness, RACK1A is targeted by CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP)1 upon phosphorylation and subjected to COP1‐mediated degradation via the 26 S proteasome system. Our findings provide new insights into how plants utilize scaffold proteins to regulate hypocotyl elongation, ensuring proper skoto‐ and photo‐morphogenic development.
Estimation of the forces exerted on the limb long bones of a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) using musculoskeletal modelling and simulation
Authors: Etienne Cyril , Houssaye Alexandra , Fagan Michael J. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeavy animals incur large forces on their limb bones, due to the transmission of body weight and ground reaction forces, and the contractions of the various muscles of the limbs. This is particularly true for rhinoceroses, the heaviest extant animals capable of galloping. Several studies have examined their musculoskeletal system and the forces their bones incur, but no detailed quantification has ever been attempted. Such quantification could help understand better the link between form and function in giant land animals. Here we constructed three‐dimensional musculoskeletal models of the forelimb and hindlimb of Ceratotherium simum, the heaviest extant rhino species, and used static optimisation (inverse) simulations to estimate the forces applied on the bones when standing at rest, including magnitudes and directions. Overall, unsurprisingly, the most active muscles were antigravity muscles, which generate moments opposing body weight (thereby incurring the ground reaction force), and thus keep the joints extended, avoiding joint collapse via flexion. Some muscles have an antigravity action around several joints, and thus were found to be highly active, likely specialised in body weight support (ulnaris lateralis; digital flexors). The humerus was subjected to the greatest amount of forces in terms of total magnitude; forces on the humerus furthermore came from a great variety of directions. The radius was mainly subject to high‐magnitude compressive joint reaction forces, but to little muscular tension, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the ulna. The femur had a pattern similar to that of the humerus, and the tibia's pattern was intermediate, being subject to great compression in its caudal side but to great tension in its cranial side (i.e. bending). The fibula was subject to by far the lowest force magnitude. Overall, the forces estimated were consistent with the documented morphofunctional adaptations of C. simum's long bones, which have larger insertion areas for several muscles and a greater robusticity overall than those of lighter rhinos, likely reflecting the intense forces we estimated here. Our estimates of muscle and bone (joint) loading regimes for this giant tetrapod improve the understanding of the links between form and function in supportive tissues and could be extended to other aspects of bone morphology, such as microanatomy.
Unbanked and impoverished? Exploring banking and poverty interactions over time
Authors: Creamer John , Warren Lewis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2019, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) reported that 7.1 million households in the United States (5.4%) were unbanked and lacked a checking or savings account). Using three leading household surveys, this paper documents how the interaction between bank access and poverty has evolved over time. We present a historical time series of unbanked rates, showing high‐unbanked rates for those in poverty even with increases in financial access over time. In the 1980s, 49.6% of households in poverty were unbanked while 22.8% were unbanked in 2019. Unbanked rates were even higher for Black and Hispanic households that were in poverty. In the 1980s, these groups had unbanked rates of 73.6% and 66.5% which declined to 38.4% and 31.8% in 2019, respectively. To explain differences in banking rates by race, we use binary Kitagawa‐Oaxaca‐Blinder decompositions. Socio‐demographic characteristics explain less than half the difference in unbanked rates for Blacks and around half for Hispanics.
Fall risk perception in older adults: A concept analysis
Authors: Nan Jiang , Li Zhuoran , Zou Xueqiong , Sun Manyao , Gao Jing , Jiang Yuyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundFall prevention is crucial for older adults. Enhanced fall risk perception can encourage older adults to participate in fall prevention programs. However, there is still no unified definition of the concept of fall risk perception.ObjectiveTo explore the concept of fall risk perception in older adults.DesignA concept analysis.Data SourcesThe literature was searched using online databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WangFang and SinoMed. Searches were also conducted in Chinese and English dictionaries. The literature dates from the establishment of the database to April 2023.MethodsThe methods of Walker and Avant were used to identify antecedents, attributes and consequences of the concept of “fall risk perception” in older adults.ResultsEighteen publications were included eventually. The attributes were identified as: (1) dynamic change, with features of continuum and stage; (2) whether falls are taken seriously; (3) a self‐assessment of the fall probability, which is driven by individual independence; and (4) involves multiple complex emotional responses. The antecedents were identified as: (1) demographic and disease factors; (2) psychological factors and (3) environmental factors. The consequences were identified as: (1) risk‐taking behaviour; (2) risk compensation behaviour; (3) risk transfer behaviour; and (4) emotions.ConclusionA theoretical definition of fall risk perception was identified. A conceptual model was developed to demonstrate the theoretical relationships between antecedents, attributes and consequences. This is helpful for the development of relevant theories and the formulation of fall prevention measures based on fall risk perception as the intervention target.
Efficiency of bacterial isolates on suppressing brown spot in rice plants
Authors: Ajulo Akintunde Abiodun , Bezerra Gustavo de Andrade , de Oliveira Rodrigo Silva , Gonçalves Ariany Rosa , Moura Maria Fernanda Gonçalves Godoi , Cardoso Marco Antônio Adorno , de Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany fungicides can control brown spot, caused by Bipolaris oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.), although searching for beneficial microorganisms for biocontrol will improve sustainable integrated pest management. The aim of this investigation was the selection of natural suppressors of the brown spot disease in rice. We performed biochemical (E1), molecular antagonism (E2) and severity suppression (E3) studies under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The E1, E2 and E3 assays were performed with 21 isolates. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. E1 characterized all 21 isolates for the production of extracellular enzymes, siderophores, biofilm, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization. E2 was conducted to test the in vitro antagonism between the 21 isolates and B. oryzae, and E3 was conducted under greenhouse conditions, where seeds of the rice cultivars BRS‐Primavera and Esmeralda were sown in plastic trays containing 3 kg of fertilized soil. After 45 days, rice leaves were sprayed and inoculated with a mixed suspension of bacterial cells (1 × 108 CFU) and B. oryzae. All of the 21 bacterial isolates produced lipase, N‐fixation, siderophore, IAA, biofilm and solubilized phosphorus. Bacillus cereus, Priestia megaterium, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Serratia marcescens and Serratia nematodiphila reduced radial colony growth of B. oryzae and suppressed brown spot severity by up to 90%. This indicates the potential of these isolates for biocontrol of brown spot in rice as a component of rice disease management.
Methods for inoculation and evaluation of resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina in soybean genotypes
Authors: Bizari Eduardo Henrique , Panizzi Rita de Cássia , Pedroso Val Bruno Henrique , Giaretta Azevedo Cleber Vinicius , Franco Carolina Andrade , Checchio Mingotte Fábio Luiz , Prates Coelho Anderson , da Silva Souza Jardel , Unêda‐Trevisoli Sandra Helena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCharcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is a disease of economic significance in soybean production. The evaluation of this disease is difficult due to the lack of reliable and efficient methods for testing soybean genotypes. This work aimed at investigating different inoculation methods for Macrophomina phaseolina in soybean genotypes to determine the degree of resistance and their use in genetic improvement programs. Infected sorghum seeds, pregerminated seed in culture medium, and infected toothpick test were the methods tested. Colonization by the fungus, determined as a colony‐forming unit (CFU), and disease development based on root and stem severity (RSS) were evaluated. There was a good correlation between CFU and RSS (0.87), with the infected sorghum seed method being the most efficient means of inoculating. The results show that PI594302 was the most resistant line regarding the two studied parameters and would be a source of resistance to charcoal rot in breeding programs.
The role of community health workers in promoting oral health at school settings: A scoping review
Authors: Molete Mpho Matlakale , Malele‐Kolisa Yolanda , Thekiso Maphefo , Lang Adina Yael , Kong Ariana , George Ajesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe scoping review aimed to examine the literature on the role of Community Health Workers (CHW) in oral health interventions within school settings. The objectives were to identify the characteristics of school oral health interventions where CHWs played a role; and to assess the outcomes derived from CHW participation in school oral health.MethodsThe scoping review was guided by the Levac et al (2010) framework. Articles selected for this review included all forms of study designs and gray literature. The search strategy included CHW and other non‐dental personnel providing oral health activities within schools and the outcomes of these interventions from 1995. Databases included Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus and EBSCO Host.ResultsThere were eleven (n = 11) peer reviewed articles included. Only one study in this review related to CHW involvement in school oral health settings. The remaining involved teachers (n = 4), peer learners (n = 3) or a combination of both (n = 3). Characteristics of the interventions ranged from oral health screenings, education, supervised brushing, and community engagements. Three outcomes emerged; widening access to oral health services, acceptability of non‐oral health personnel and learners in promoting oral health and improvement of oral health self‐care.ConclusionsThe review brought to light the benefits of utilizing non‐dental personnel such as teachers and peer learners in augmenting staff capacity for school oral health interventions. In addition, the findings highlighted the need to further research on the feasibility and acceptability of integrating CHW in school oral health settings.
Innovation theater in corporate venturing units: Cultural design as a (de)legitimizing mechanism
Authors: Brattström Anna , Faems Dries 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper builds theory on theatrical cultural design in corporate venturing units, such as manifested in playful esthetics (foosball tables and beanbags), startup lingo, or youthful behavior (building with Lego bricks and informal dressing). We develop a set of propositions, illuminating how theatrical cultural design can (de)legitimize corporate venturing units, highlighting three different functions: attention‐direction function, social categorization function, and escapist function. In addition, we explain how such changes in legitimization can influence the resilience of corporate venturing units. Our framework contributes to an emergent debate on innovation theater by pointing to the possibility of innovation theater as a constructive process in contemporary innovation management practices.
Dense infraspecific sampling reveals cryptic differentiation in the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae)
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Fang , Zhang Shi‐Fang , Twyford Alex D. , Ci Xiu‐Qin , Li Lang , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Hu Jian‐Lin , Tan Jia‐Chuan , Tang Guang‐Da , Qin Sheng‐Yuan , Hu Ling , Ding Xin , Meng Hong‐Hu , Dong Li‐Na , Huang Ting , Ma Hui , Xiao Jian‐Hua , Cai Chao‐Nan , Conran John G. , Wang Qi , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Li Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpecies delimitation remains a challenge worldwide, especially in highly diverse tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we use an integrative approach that combines morphology, phylogenomics, and species distribution modeling (SDM) to clarify the cryptic differentiation within the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) in China and adjacent regions. We generated complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal sequences for diverse samples from across the species range and compared results with previously published plastid data, recovering two well‐supported monophyletic clades. Further, the analysis revealed significant differences in two morphological characters and SDM, indicating distinct environmental factors influencing their distributions. Fossil‐calibrated analyses to estimate the origins and diversification patterns for the cryptic species gave divergence age estimates corresponding to the Oligo‐Miocene; a period of new ecological opportunities associated with the prevailing East Asian monsoon. Multivariate analyses support the conclusion that southern China and adjacent regions have a different, previously unknown, cryptic lineage of C. filiformis. Our study highlights the importance of using multivariate approach to characterize plant species, as well as the significant role that past climatic changes have played in driving speciation in parasitic plants in tropical and subtropical zones.
Race, Religion, and Death: How Racial Attitudes Contextualize the Relationship Between Religion and Support for Capital Punishment
Authors: Chuang Louis , Harris Jacob , Jones Melissa S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow do racial attitudes affect the relationship between religion and support for capital punishment? Past research has clearly established important links between religion, racial attitudes, and capital punishment. Yet, it remains unclear how racial attitudes affect this relationship. We examine this question using a large sample of respondents from the General Social Survey from 1994 to 2018. We find evidence of a strong moderating effect where the relationship between religion and support for capital punishment varies considerably contingent on racial resentment. At high levels of racial resentment, support for capital punishment is uniformly high across all religious traditions while there are large disparities at low levels of racial resentment. Thus, strongly held, prejudicial racial attitudes overshadow the association between religion and support for capital punishment. Future research should more seriously consider the racial dynamics embedded religion and punishment.
Severe hepatic steatosis promotes increased liver stiffness in the early stages of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Sadanobu , Gotoh Tatsuya , Suzuki Yasuaki , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Yoshida Yuichi , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Kamada Yoshihiro , Sumida Yoshio , Ito Takanori , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsThe predictors of progression from steatosis to more advanced stages of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. We evaluated the association between the quantity of hepatic steatosis and longitudinal changes in liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in patients with MASLD.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients with MASLD who underwent at least two serial MRE and magnetic resonance imaging–based proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) examinations at least 1 year apart. Fine‐Gray competitive proportional hazard regression was used to identify LSM progression and regression factors.ResultsA total of 471 patients were enrolled. Factors linked to LSM progression were steatosis grade 3 (MRI‐PDFF ≥17.1%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.597; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.483–4.547) and albumin–bilirubin grade 2 or 3 (aHR 2.790; 95% CI 1.284–6.091), while the only factor linked to LSM regression was % decrease rate of MRI‐PDFF ≥5% (aHR 2.781; 95% CI 1.584–4.883). Steatosis grade 3 correlated with a higher incidence rate of LSM progression than steatosis grade 1 (MRI‐PDFF <11.3%) in patients with LSM stage 0 (<2.5 kilopascal [kPa]), and a % annual decrease rate of MRI‐PDFF ≥5% correlated with a higher incidence rate of LSM regression than that of MRI‐PDFF >−5% and <5% in patients with LSM stage 1 or 2–4 (≥2.5 kPa).ConclusionsSevere hepatic steatosis was linked to significant LSM progression in patients with MASLD and low LSM (<2.5 kPa).