bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA
Authors: Inamdar S. P. , O'Leary N. , Mitchell M. J. , Riley J. T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study analysed the importance of precipitation events from May 2003 to April 2004 on surface water chemistry and solute export from a 696 ha glaciated forested watershed in western New York State, USA. The specific objectives of the study were to determine: (a) the temporal patterns of solutes within individual storm events; (b) the impact of precipitation events on seasonal and annual export budgets; and (c) how solute concentrations and loads varied for precipitation events among seasons as functions of storm intensity and antecedent moisture conditions. Analysis of solute trajectories showed that NH4+, total Al and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) peaked on the hydrograph rising limb, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations peaked following the discharge peak. Sulphate and base‐cations displayed a dilution pattern with a minimum around peak discharge. End‐member mixing analysis showed that throughfall contributions were highest on the rising limb, whereas valley‐bottom riparian waters peaked following the discharge peak. The trajectories of NO3− concentrations varied with season, indicating the influence of biotic processes on the generation, and hence flux, of this solute. Storm events had the greatest impact on the annual budgets for NH4+, K+, total dissolved Al, DON and DOC. Storm events during summer had the greatest impact on seasonal solute budgets. Summer events had the highest hourly discharges and high concentrations of solutes. However, NO3− and DOC exports during a spring snowmelt event were considerably more than those observed for large events during other periods of the year. Comparisons among storms showed that season, precipitation amount, and antecedent moisture conditions affected solute concentrations and loads. Concentrations of solutes were elevated for storms that occurred after dry antecedent conditions. Seven of the largest storms accounted for only 15% of the annual discharge, but were responsible for 34%, 19%, 64%, 13%, 39% and 24% of the annual exports of NH4+, K+, Al, NO3−, DON and DOC respectively. These results suggest that the intense and infrequent storms predicted for future climate‐change scenarios will likely increase the exports of solutes like DOC, DON, NH4+, Al and K+ from watersheds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen limitation in static respiration activity index test
Authors: He Pin‐Jing , Lü Fan , Shao Li‐Ming , Lee Duu‐Jong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe static respiration activity index test was designed to assess the biodegradability (or biostability) of compost samples by monitoring their oxygen consumption rate under cultivation conditions. However, as revealed in this study, the measured activity index correlated not only with the biochemical characteristics of the tested sample but also with the operational conditions, including sample quantity, sample moisture content and cultivation temperature. It was speculated that this observation could be attributed to the limited oxygen transport to the sample. Hence the oxygen transport and consumption in the tested sample were modelled using a one‐dimensional, pseudo‐steady state model to estimate the relative significance of mass transfer resistance to the bioreaction rate. A so‐called critical thickness of the sample, above which mass transfer resistance became significant, was identified and assessed under various experimental conditions. The possible oxygen limitation for the static respiration test to estimate the activity index of compost samples was critically assessed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic modelling of lactic acid production from whey by Lactobacillus casei (NRRL B‐441)
Authors: Altıok Duygu , Tokatlı Figen , Harsa Şebnem 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe biomass growth, lactic acid production and lactose utilisation kinetics of lactic acid production from whey by Lactobacillus casei was studied. Batch fermentation experiments were performed at controlled pH and temperature with six different initial whey lactose concentrations (9‐77 g dm−3) in a 3 dm3 working volume bioreactor. Biomass growth was well described by the logistic equation with a product inhibition term. In addition, biomass and product inhibition effects were defined with corresponding power terms, which enabled adjustment of the model for low‐ and high‐substrate conditions. The Luedeking‐Piret equation defined the product formation kinetics. Substrate consumption was explained by production rate and maintenance requirements. A maximum productivity of 2.5 g dm−3 h−1 was attained with an initial lactose concentration of 35.5 g dm−3. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A pseudo‐steady state model of the kinetics of laccase‐catalysed oxidation of aqueous phenol
Authors: Kurniawati Selvia , Nicell James A 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA model has been developed to describe the kinetics of the oxidation of phenol by oxygen using laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) from Trametes versicolor as catalyst. The model incorporates an assumption, referred to as the pseudo‐steady state assumption, that at any instant during the reaction the enzyme achieves an approximate steady state distribution of its various forms around the catalytic cycle. The model was validated by comparing model predictions with experimental observations of phenol transformation and oxygen consumption over time. Excellent agreement was found between experimental data and model predictions. The pseudo‐steady state assumption had the advantage of reducing the complexity of the model equations to be solved while simultaneously maintaining the model's predictive ability. The pseudo‐steady state model was further simplified in accordance with specific initial conditions to provide a simplified method for the estimation of the model constants. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of bone formation ingrafted periosteum harvested from tibia and calvaria
Authors: Fujii Takashi , Ueno Takaaki , Kagawa Toshimasa , Sakata Yoshirou , Sugahara Toshio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPeriosteum covers the bone surface and displays the potential to initiate bone formation, after injury to the bone. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the periosteum plays major roles in the healing process after bone fracture. Some reports have described that in the healing of long bone fractures, the periosteum forms new bone by intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Other researchers insist that healing of defects in membrane bone shows bone formation by intramembranous ossification. However, previous studies have not been able to clarify differences in bone formation patterns. We hypothesized that differences in bone formation pattern are associated with the periosteal potential for cell differentiation. The present study grafted periosteum, harvested from the tibia and calvaria, into the suprahyoid muscle, with the aim of interrupting release of factors from bone matrix. Bone formation, after grafting periosteum, harvested from the tibia and calvaria, was examined histologically and radiographically. Grafted tibial periosteum formed a large area of new bone by intramembranous and endochondral ossification, while grafted calvarial periosteum displayed intramembranous ossification. Grafted tibial periosteum formed a larger area of bone than grafted calvarial periosteum. Patterns of cell differentiation thus differ between grafted periosteum, harvested from the tibia and calvaria. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Migration of human and mouse primordial germ cells and colonization of the developing ovary: An ultrastructural and cytochemical study
Authors: Pereda Jaime , Zorn Telma , Soto‐Suazo Mauricio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis review is an account of the origin and migratory events of primordial germ cells until their settlement in the gonad before sexual differentiation in the human as well as mice. In this context, the morphodynamic characteristics of the migration of the primordial germ cells, the macromolecular characteristics of the extracellular matrix of the migratory pathway, and the factors involved in the germ cell guidance have been analyzed and discussed in the light of recent advances in this field, by means of immunocytochemical procedures. The events prior to gonadal morphogenesis and the origin of the somatic cell content of the human gonadal primordium have been also analyzed. In particular, evidences are presented showing that cells derived from the coelomic epithelium and mesenchyme are at the origin of the somatic components of the gonadal primordium, and that a mesonephric cell contribution to the generation of somatic cell components of the genital ridge in humans should be discarded due to the morphological stability of the different nephric structures during the period preceding the sexual differentiation of the gonad. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From oogonia to mature oocytes: Inactivation of the maternal centrosome in humans
Authors: Sathananthan A. Henry , Selvaraj Kamala , Girijashankar M. Lakshmi , Ganesh Vijaya , Selvaraj Priya , Trounson Alan O. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe fine structure of human oogonia and growing oocytes has been reviewed in fetal and adult ovaries. Preovulatory maturation and the ultrastructure of stimulated oocytes from the germinal vesicle (GV) stage to metaphase II (MII) stage are also documented. Oogonia have large nuclei, scanty cytoplasm with complex mitochondria. During folliculogenesis, follicle cell processes establish desmosomes and deep gap junctions at the surface of growing oocytes, which are retracted during the final stages of maturation. The zona pellucida is secreted in secondary follicles. Growing oocytes have mitochondria, Golgi, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), ribosomes, lysosomes, and lipofuscin bodies, often associated with Balbiani bodies and have nuclei with reticulated nucleoli. Oocytes from antral follicles show numerous surface microvilli and cortical granules (CGs) separated from the oolemma by a band of microfilaments. The CGs are evidently secreted by Golgi membranes. The GV oocytes have peripheral Golgi complexes associated with a single layer of CGs close to the oolemma. They have many lysosomes, and nuclei with dense compact nucleoli. GV breakdown occurs by disorganization of the nuclear envelope and the oocyte enters a transient metaphase I followed by MII, when it is arrested and ovulated. Maturation of oocytes in vitro follows the same pattern of meiosis seen in preovulatory oocytes. The general organization of the human oocyte conforms to that of most other mammals but has some unique features. The MII oocyte has the basic cellular organelles such as mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, microfilaments, and microtubules, while Golgi, RER, lysosomes, multivesicular, residual and lipofuscin bodies are very rare. It neither has yolk nor lipid inclusions. Its surface has few microvilli, and 1–3 layers of CGs, aligned beneath the oolemma. Special reference has been made to the reduction and inactivation of the maternal centrosome during oogenesis. The MII spindle, often oriented perpendicular to the oocyte surface, is barrel‐shaped, anastral and lacks centrioles. Osmiophilic centrosomes are not demonstrable in human eggs, since the maternal centrosome is nonfunctional. However, oogonia and growing oocytes have typical centrioles, similar to those of somatic cells. The sperm centrosome activates the egg and organizes the sperm aster and mitotic spindles of the embryo, after fertilization. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimizing UV laser focus profiles for improved MALDI performance
Authors: Holle Armin , Haase Andreas , Kayser Markus , Höhndorf Jens 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMatrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) applications, such as proteomics, genomics, clinical profiling and MALDI imaging, have created a growing demand for faster instrumentation. Since the commonly used nitrogen lasers have throughput and life span limitations, diode‐pumped solid‐state lasers are an alternative. Unfortunately this type of laser shows clear performance limitations in MALDI in terms of sensitivity, resolution and ease of use, for applications such as thin‐layer sample preparations, acceptance of various matrices (e.g. DHB for glycopeptides) and MALDI imaging. While it is obvious that the MALDI process has some dependence on the characteristics of the laser used, it is unclear which features are the most critical in determining laser performance for MALDI. In this paper we show, for the first time, that a spatially structured laser beam profile in lieu of a Gaussian profile is of striking importance. This result enabled us to design diode‐pumped Nd : YAG lasers that on various critical applications perform as well for MALDI as the nitrogen lasers and in some respects even better. The modulation of the beam profile appears to be a new parameter for optimizing the MALDI process. In addition, the results trigger new questions directing us to a better understanding of the MALDI process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balkan endemic nephropathy: Role of ochratoxins A through biomarkers
Authors: Castegnaro Marcel , Canadas Delphine , Vrabcheva Terry , Petkova‐Bocharova Theodora , Chernozemsky Ivan N. , Pfohl‐Leszkowicz Annie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSeveral studies implicated mycotoxins, in endemic kidney disease geographically limited to Balkan region (Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN)). In Bulgaria, much higher prevalence of ochratoxin A (OTA), exceeding 2 μg/L, was observed in the blood of affected population. OTA is found more often in the urine of people living in BEN‐endemic villages. To confirm and quantify exposure to OTA in Vratza district, we followed up OTA intake for 1 month, OTA in blood and urine from healthy (20–30 years old) volunteers, from two villages with high risk for BEN disease. Food samples were collected daily, blood and urine at the beginning of each week. Relations between increasing OTA intake, blood concentration and elimination of OTA in urine have been studied in rats. Average weekly intake of OTA varies from 1.9 to 206 ng/kg body weight, twice tolerable weekly intake recommended by JECFA. OTA blood concentrations are in the same range as previously reported in this region with concentrations reaching 10 μg/L. Weekly OTA food intake is not directly correlated with blood and urine concentrations. Biomarkers of biological effects such as DNA adducts were detected in patients affected by urinary tract tumours (UTT) and in rat study. All these plead for the implication of OTA, in BEN and UTT.
Characterization of filamentous fungi isolated from Moroccan olive and olive cake: Toxinogenic potential of Aspergillus strains
Authors: Roussos Sevastianos , Zaouia Nabila , Salih Ghislane , Tantaoui‐Elaraki Abdelrhafour , Lamrani Khadija , Cheheb Mostafa , Hassouni Hicham , Verhé Fréderic , Perraud‐Gaime Isabelle , Augur Christopher , Ismaili‐Alaoui Mustapha 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDuring the 2003 and 2004 olive oil production campaigns in Morocco, 136 samples from spoiled olive and olive cake were analyzed and 285 strains were isolated in pure culture. Strains included 167 mesophilic strains belonging to ten genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Mucor, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Acremonium, Humicola, Ulocladium as well as 118 thermophilic strains isolated in 2003 and 2004, mainly belonging to six species: Aspergillus fumigatus, Paecilomyces variotii, Mucor pusillus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Humicola grisea, and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Penicillium and Aspergillus, respectively, 32.3 and 26.9% of total isolates represented the majority of mesophilic fungi isolated. When considering total strains (including thermotolerant strains) Aspergillus were the predominant strains isolated; follow‐up studies on mycotoxins therefore focused primarily on aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) from the latter strains. All isolated Aspergillus flavus strains (9) and Aspergillus niger strains (36) were studied in order to evaluate their capacity to produce AFs and OTA, respectively, when grown on starch‐based culture media. Seven of the nine tested A. flavus strains isolated from olive and olive cake produced AF B1 at concentrations between 48 and 95 μg/kg of dry rice weight. As for the A. niger strains, 27 of the 36 strains produced OTA.
Progressive nuclear factor‐κB activation resistant to inhibition by contraction and curcumin in mdx mice
Authors: Durham William J. , Arbogast Sandrine , Gerken Eric , Li Yi‐Ping , Reid Michael B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSkeletal muscle of patients with Duchenne‐type muscular dystrophy and mdx mice exhibits elevated activity of the transcription factor NF‐κB (nuclear factor‐κB), which may play a role in muscle catabolism. We measured skeletal muscle NF‐κB activity in mdx mice at three ages (10 days, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks) to test the hypothesis that NF‐κB activity is elevated in an age‐dependent manner in these mice. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that NF‐κB activity could be reduced in mdx skeletal muscle by dietary supplementation with curcumin (1% w/v) or by fatiguing muscle contractions. We found that NF‐κB activity was elevated at 4 and 8 weeks of age but not at 10 days, and was resistant to inhibition by either fatiguing contractions or dietary curcumin. We conclude that NF‐κB activity is elevated in dystrophic skeletal muscle in an age‐related manner and is resistant to inhibition by physiological and pharmacological means. These findings are consistent with a role for NF‐κB activation in dystrophic muscle wasting but suggest that predicted interventions such as exercise or inhibitors of the early steps in the NF‐κ activation pathway may not be effective and that targeted research is needed to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Modeling and analysis of uncertain time‐critical tasking problems
Authors: Gaver Donald P. , Jacobs Patricia A. , Samorodnitsky Gennady , Glazebrook Kevin D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper describes modeling and operational analysis of a generic asymmetric service‐system situation in which (a) Red agents, potentially threatening, but in another but important interpretation, are isolated friendlies, such as downed pilots, that require assistance and “arrive” according to some partially known and potentially changing pattern in time and space; and (b) Reds have effectively limited unknown deadlines or times of availability for Blue service, i.e., detection, classification, and attack in a military setting or emergency assistance in others. We discuss various service options by Blue service agents and devise several approximations allowing one to compute efficiently those proportions of tasks of different classes that are successfully served or, more generally, if different rewards are associated with different classes of tasks, the percentage of the possible reward gained. We suggest heuristic policies for a Blue server to select the next task to perform and to decide how much time to allocate to that service. We discuss this for a number of specific examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.
No association between inhaled corticosteroids and whole body DXA in postmenopausal women
Authors: Elmståhl Sölve , Ekström Henrik , Johnell Olof , Gerhardsson de Verdier Maria , Norjavaara Ensio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurposePostmenopausal women treated with corticosteroids are regarded as a high‐risk group due to the effect of both natural bone loss and possible adverse effects of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (IC).ObjectiveTo compare bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women exposed only to IC (IC group, n = 106) with that of BMD in women not exposed to corticosteroids (n = 124) and women exposed to oral and/or intra‐articular injections in addition to inhaled corticosteroids (OC group, n = 31). The women were recruited from a population‐based prospective cohort study.MethodsDual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique was used to measure BMD in whole body, spine, pelvis and lower extremities. A health questionnaire and an interview about past and present medication use were used.ResultsThe mean duration and dose of IC were 9.5 ± 4.5 years and 615 µg daily. Whole body BMD did not significantly differ between the IC group (1.103 g/cm2) and the unexposed group (1.087 g/cm2). Within the IC group, BMD stratified for cumulative dose of IC, duration or current dose above or below 800 µg did not differ. Z‐score BMD for tertiles did not differ when comparing the IC and OC groups.ConclusionNo difference in BMD was noted between postmenopausal women exposed to inhaled corticosteroids and unexposed controls nor was there any dose response relationship between inhaled corticosteroid therapy and BMD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interception of the radicals produced in electrophilic fluorination with radical traps (Tempo, Dmpo) studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Haoyang , Guo Yinlong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe interaction of the nitroxide radical traps (Tempo and Dmpo) and radicals produced in the electrophilic fluorination of olefins (styrene and α‐methylstyrene) and Selectfluor (1‐chloromethyl‐4‐fluoro‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octanebis(tetrafluoroborate) (F‐TEDA‐BF4) (1)) was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Tempo succeeded in intercepting the radical cationic intermediates and the radical adduct ions were detected at m/z 260 (for styrene) and m/z 274 (for α‐methylstyrene). Dmpo could also intercept the fluorine radical and radical adduct ions were detected at m/z 131, 132 and 152. The interception of the radical cationic intermediates and fluorine radical is good evidence for the presence of a single‐electron transfer mechanism in the electrophilic fluorination. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiratory Function after Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy—An Index of Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Tanimura Shinya , Higashino Masayuki , Fukunaga Yosuke , Kishida Satoru , Ogata Akihito , Fujiwara Yushi , Osugi Harushi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundAs the techniques of laparoscopic surgery have improved, various institutions have performed laparoscopic gastrectomies with regional lymph node dissection, as well as open surgery. Although alleviation of postoperative pain and prompt recovery have been reported in the literature, objective indexes of the minimal invasiveness of laparoscopic procedures are as yet very few.MethodsWe performed distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection for gastric cancer patients using three kinds of procedures, namely, open gastrectomy, hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS), and totally laparoscopic gastrectomy. Ablation of the stomach, lymph node dissection, and reconstruction of the digestive tract were all carried out intracorporeally with or without HALS in the laparoscopic procedures. The ordinary respiratory function test was performed pre‐ and postoperatively for 50 patients operated on by each procedure, and the reduced percentages of the measured values were calculated.ResultsPostoperative respiratory function was consistently excellent, with minimal loss of vital capacity and forced expiratory volume per second in the totally laparoscopic group compared to HALS or open cases.ConclusionsAlthough it may be a complicated technique, totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is considered a minimally invasive procedure for gastric cancer from the viewpoint of postoperative respiratory function.