bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of conditional knockout alleles for PDGF‐C
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Ding Hao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPDGF‐C is a newly identified member of the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) family, which is involved in multiple cellular functions by signaling through PDGF receptor (PDGFR)‐αα and αβ dimers. PDGF‐C deficiency is perinatal lethal due to the formation of cleft palate. To further characterize the cellular function of PDGF‐C during both embryonic and postnatal development, we have generated two conditional alleles of the Pdgf‐c gene in which two loxP sites flank exon 5. Global Cre‐mediated excision of the floxed exon 5 in these alleles resulted in a complete loss of PDGF‐C expression and caused embryonic defects identical to those previously described for the PDGF‐C null embryos. These conditional alleles will therefore be the important genetic tools for dissecting the spatial and temporal roles of PDGF‐C during development and in adult tissues. Furthermore, from this work, we have also described a simple approach for creating mouse conditional alleles in an efficient manner. genesis 45:653–657, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application feasibility of permittivity graded FGM (functionally graded materials) for gas‐insulated equipment
Authors: Shumiya Hideki , Kato Katsumi , Okubo Hitoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFor the size reduction of electric power equipment, the electric field stress around solid insulators is to be carefully designed. This concern will be solved by the application of FGM (Functionally Graded Materials). In this paper, we investigated an application feasibility of FGM from numerical simulation, and the fabrication technique for gas insulated equipment. Finally, we could confirm the significant effect of FGM application for gas insulated equipment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 39–45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20363
On properties of circuit for circuit evaluation as a parallelization procedure
Authors: Seino Katsuhiro , Tanaka Ken 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt is shown here that if NC = P, the NC hierarchy collapses. We give two proofs for this. From the point of view of a circuit for circuit evaluation, the assumption that NC = P implies that any polynomial size circuit can be transduced into a polynomial size and poly‐log depth circuit. Such a parallelization property can be applied not only for uniform circuits but also for nonuniform circuits. This interesting property suggests that the assumption NC = P would be false. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 46–50, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20488
Development of high‐efficiency switched reluctance motor
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Ito Shinya , Tanaka Naoki , Chiba Akira , Fukao Tadashi , Ninomiya Hironori 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, several techniques of the efficiency improvement of SRM drives are described. One of these improvements is the optimization of applied voltage waveform. Drive efficiency is further increased by application of new low‐iron‐loss materials such as Super E‐Core brand steel strip. Another step of the efficiency improvement consists in optimization of components incurring iron and copper losses by using computer program PC‐SRD. As a result, the highest efficiency level achieved in the study was 94.3%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 73–82, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20523
Remote sensing system for spatial electric field strength using free space light transmission
Authors: Sakai Toshiro , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Fukao Tadashi , Takada Tatsuo , Maeno Takashi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMost of the breakdowns in an electric power system are caused by lightning to the tower used for high‐voltage transmission wires. To avoid accidents due to lightning, it would be desirable to develop a measurement system for the spatial electric field distribution around the tower. We have developed a new system that can measure the electric field around the steel tower for electric power transmission by using an optical electric sensor. In conventional methods, the sensor is generally illuminated by light transmitted by optical fibers. On the other hand, the new measurement system illuminates the Pockels sensor directly by using a laser to measure the far electric field. Furthermore, our newly proposed feedback system makes it possible to measure the spatial electric field without concern for the change of Pockels sensor's operation point influenced by temperature change. This system is applicable as a remote sensing system to monitor the spatial electric field around a high‐voltage transmission line. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 10–19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20552
Efficient Increase of DNA Cleavage Activity of a Diiron(III) Complex by a Conjugating Acridine Group
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Qiang , Peng Xiao‐Jun , Wang Jing‐Yun , Wang Yan , Wu Song , Zhang Li‐Zhu , Wu Tong , Wu Yun‐Kou 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new diferric complex, Fe2Lb, in which a DNA intercalator (acridine) is linked to a precursor diferric complex (Fe2La), has been designed and synthesised as a hydrolytic cleaving agent of DNA. Compared with Fe2La (without the DNA intercalator) (La: 2,6‐bis{[(2‐hydroxybenzyl)(pyridin‐2‐yl)methylamino]methyl}‐4‐methylphenol), Fe2Lb [Lb: 5‐(acridin‐9‐yl)‐N‐(3,5‐bis{[(2‐hydroxybenzyl)(pyridin‐2‐yl)methylamino]methyl}‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)pentanamide] leads to a 14‐fold increase in the cleavage efficiency of plasmid DNA due to the binding interaction between DNA and the acridine moiety. The interaction has been demonstrated by UV/Vis absorption, CD spectroscopy, viscidity experiments and thermal denaturation studies. The hydrolytic mechanism is supported by evidence from T4 DNA ligase assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching and BNPP [bis(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate, a DNA model] cleavage experiments. The pH dependence of the BNPP cleavage by Fe2La in aqueous buffer media shows a bell‐shaped pH–kobs profile with an optimum point around a pH of 7.0 which is in good agreement with the maximum point of the pH‐dependent relative concentration curve of active species from the pH titration experiments. The determination of the initial rates at a pH of 7.36 as a function of substrate concentration reveals saturation kinetics with Michaelis–Menten‐like behaviour and Fe2La shows a rate acceleration increase of 4.7 × 106 times in the hydrolysis of BNPP. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis, Characterization and X‐ray Structures of [α‐Diphenylethanedione bis(4‐ethylthiosemicarbazonato)]palladium(II) and 1,2,4‐Triazine‐3‐thione–Zinc(II) Complexes Obtained by Metal‐Induced Cyclization
Authors: Matesanz Ana I. , Pastor Cesar , Souza Pilar 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe new cyclic 5‐ethoxy‐4‐ethyl‐5,6‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐2H‐[1,2,4]‐triazine‐3‐thione ligand (HTa3T‐Et) has been obtained by an intramolecular cyclization reaction of α‐diphenylethanedione bis(4‐ethylthiosemicarbazone) (H2BbTSC‐Et). The cyclization may be promoted either by hydroxylic solvents or by ZnII ions. Thus, the reaction of H2BbTSC‐Et with ZnCl2 led to the formation of [Zn(HTa3T‐Et)2Cl2] containing not the ligand H2BbTSC‐Et but the cyclic HTa3T‐Et ligand that forms during the reaction. On the other hand, crystallization of H2BbTSC‐Et from DMSO/EtOH produces a cocrystal containing the open‐chain H2BbTSC‐Et ligand together with the cyclic HTa3T‐Et molecules, which are linked to a DMSO molecule by hydrogen bonds. However, reaction of the cocrystal with PdII ions yields a planar tetracoordinate complex in which only the H2BbTSC‐Et ligand, in the deprotonated form, is present. The preparation and molecular structures of these compounds are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Homo‐ and Heterometallic Coordination Oligomers and Polymers Derived from the Preformed Complexes [Cu(bdmpp)(MeCN)2](ClO4)2, [Cu(bdmpp)(N3)2], and [Cu(bdmpp)(N3)(μ‐N3)]2 [bdmpp = 2,6‐bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine]: Syntheses, Structures, and Redox Properties
Authors: Liu Guang‐Fei , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Li Hong‐Xi , Chen Yang , Li Qiu‐Hong , Zhang Yong , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReactions of three CuII complexes of 2,6‐bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (bdmpp), [Cu(bdmpp)(MeCN)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Cu(bdmpp)(N3)2]·1.5H2O (2·1.5H2O), and [Cu(bdmpp)(N3)(μ‐N3)]2·2MeOH (3·2MeOH), with 4,4′‐bipy, dicyanamide (dca), azide, and MCl2 (M = Cu, Co, Ni) yield a series of homo‐ and heterometallic coordination oligomers and polymers, [{Cu(bdmpp)(ClO4)}2(μ‐4,4′‐bipy)](ClO4)2 (4), {[Cu(bdmpp)(μ‐dca)](ClO4)}n (5), {[Cu(bdmpp)(μ‐N3)](ClO4)·MeCN}n (6), [{Cu(N3)(bdmpp)}2(μ‐N3)2Cu(N3)2] (7), and [{Cu(μ‐N3)(bdmpp)(μ‐N3)M(μ‐N3)(X)}2·eMeCN]n (8: M = Co, X = N3, e = 0; 9: M = Ni, X = Cl; e = 4). Compounds 1–9 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Compound 4 has a centrosymmetric dimeric dication structure in which two [Cu(bdmpp)(ClO4)]+ fragments are bridged by one 4,4′‐bipy. Compounds 5 and 6 have a 1D linear or spiral chain extending along the b axis in which each [Cu(bdmpp)]2+ fragment is linked through bridging dca or azide anions, respectively. Compound 7 has a trinuclear sandwich structure in which two molecules of 2 link a Cu(N3)2 species through two end‐on bridging azide anions. Compounds 8 and 9 have a similar 1D chain structure extending along the c axis in which [Cu(μ‐N3)(bdmpp)(μ‐N3)M(μ‐N3)(X)]2 (M = Co, Ni) molecules are linked by end‐to‐end azide anions (8) or end‐on azide anions (9). In addition, the electrochemical properties of 1–9 in DMF were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis, Reactivity, X‐ray Crystal Structures and Electrochemical Behaviour of Water‐Soluble [Tris(pyrazolyl)borato]ruthenium(II) Complexes of 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA)
Authors: Bolaño Sandra , Bravo Jorge , Castro Jesus , Mar Rodríguez‐Rocha M. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Gonsalvi Luca , Peruzzini Maurizio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA series of chloridoruthenium(II) complexes bearing the tripodal ligand tris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp), the water‐soluble cage phosphane 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA) and its N‐boranyl adduct PTA(BH3), together with PPh3, have been synthesised. The corresponding monohydrido complexes have also been obtained by treating the chlorides withNaOMe. The X‐ray crystal structures of [TpRuCl(PTA)(PPh3)] (2) and [TpRuCl(PTA)2] (3) are also described. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies in MeCN and dmso generally show reversible RuII/III oxidation waves and the values of E1/2ox reflect the electron‐donating character of the ligands [Tp (each arm) > PTA > PTA(BH3)], whose Lever electrochemical parameter (EL) has been estimated for the first time.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Direct Synthesis of Zr‐Containing Hybrid Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas with Tunable Zirconium Content
Authors: Zhai Shang‐Ru , Park Sung Soo , Park Mina , Ullah M. Habib , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHighly ordered Zr‐containing periodic mesoporous organosilicas (ZrPMO) with different Zr/Si ratios were successfully synthesized, for the first time, by employing a ZrOCl2/NaCl combination as the promoting agent and by simply adjusting the molar ratio of the zirconium species to the organosilica precursor; no addition of mineral acids was necessary. The effect of preparation parameters on the structural and textural properties were carefully investigated by using different ratios of NaCl/Si and Zr/Si. It was found that both salts are essential for this system and highly ordered ZrPMOs can be prepared within fairly wide Si/Zr ratios (5–100) while keeping the NaCl/Si ratio constant. To prove the effectiveness of this synthetic pathway with a higher Zr incorporation, ZrPMO materials were also synthesized under strongly acidic conditions for the purpose of comparison. The synthesized ZrPMO materials were thoroughly characterized by ICP‐AES, SAXS, N2 sorption, TEM, SEM, 13C CP/29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, XPS, and TGA. Elemental analyses show that the amount of Zr incorporated into ZrPMO, which was synthesized under mild conditions, is greater than that obtained in a strongly acidic environment, and the Zr content, with a Si/Zr ratio up to 12, is close to that in the initial gel composition. A plausible assembly mechanism based on the synergistic effect of both “nonhydrolyzable” (NaCl) and “hydrolyzable” (ZrOCl2) inorganic salts was discussed in detail, where the “salting out” effect and self‐generated acidity from both inorganic salts, respectively, are believed to be key factors for the formation of ordered SBA‐15‐type ZrPMO materials under the synthetic conditions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ring‐Slipped (2,2′‐Bipyridine)(η3‐cyclopentadienyl)(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(II) and Its Oxidation to (2,2′‐Bipyridine)bis(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(III) Tetraphenylborate
Authors: Jordan Markus , Saak Wolfgang , Haase Detlev , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReaction of vanadocene(II) (4) with 2,2′‐bipyridine (5) leads to (2,2′‐bipyridine)vanadocene(II) (6), exhibiting a η3,η5‐metallocene unit, proved by X‐ray diffraction. By selective one‐electron oxidation employing [Cp2Fe]BPh4 salts, the cationic (2,2′‐bipyridine)vanadocene(III) derivative 7 is formed. It is characterized by a classical bent bis(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(III) structure. Characteristic structural details comparing changes in the oxidation states are discussed. The ring‐slip parameters are compared to those of tungsten and other vanadium complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Optimization of the Conditions for Copper‐Mediated N‐Arylation of Heteroarylamines
Authors: Liu Yifeng , Bai Yajun , Zhang Juan , Li Yangyang , Jiao Junping , Qi Xiaoli 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSimple and inexpensive copper‐mediated N‐arylation ofheteroarylamines was achieved by using N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine as a ligand and K2CO3 as a base in dioxane heated at 100 °C. In this coupling reaction, the influence of the copper species, ligand, base and solvent was investigated in detail. N‐Arylated derivatives of several heteroarylamines were synthesized under optimized reaction conditions, and all the products were isolated in good yields. By controlling the amount of CuI/DMEDA added, heteroarylamines with weak nucleophilic activity were coupled with aryl iodides or aryl bromides. The activity of the copper catalyst for this C–N bond‐forming reaction follows the order CuI > Cu0 > CuII. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction of Aminodienes with a Nonracemic Acrylate Bound to Rink Resin: A Comparison of These Reactions with Their Solution‐State Analogues
Authors: Songis Olivier , Géant Pierre Yves , Sautrey Guillaume , Martinez Jean , Calmès Monique 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions between (3R)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxopyrrolidin‐3‐yl acrylate derivatives and three N‐Z‐protected 1‐aminodienes have been investigated both in solution and on a solid support. Comparable results for each reaction were observed with the formation of the corresponding constrained cyclic β‐amino acids in high yield and moderate‐to‐good selectivity when using optimized conditions. A detailed comparison of both solution and solid‐support synthesis by conventional heating and microwave activation revealed that the microwave technique is often advantageous. We have also demonstrated that reaction on a solid support offered an excellent resolution of the problem of low reactivity and instability of the reagents.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Mild Electrochemical Deprotection of N‐Phenylsulfonyl N‐Substituted Amines Derived from (R)‐Phenylglycinol
Authors: Coeffard Vincent , Thobie‐Gautier Christine , Beaudet Isabelle , Le Grognec Erwan , Quintard Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of N‐phenylsulfonyl N‐substituted amines in a protic medium under constant cathodic potential was found to be a mild desulfonylation method, which is able to challenge the chemical ones. The influence of the nature of the N‐substituents was considered in order to clarify the mechanistic aspects and to evaluate the scope of the method.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Thermochromism at Room Temperature in Overcrowded Bistricyclic Aromatic Enes: Closely Populated Twisted and Folded Conformations (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 31/2007)
Authors: Levy Amalia , Pogodin Sergey , Cohen Shmuel , Agranat Israel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the phenomenon of thermochromism, i.e. a reversible, temperature‐dependent change in color in polycyclic aromatic enes (PAEs). The yellow room‐temperature folded conformations represented by the central structure exist in unimolecular equilibria with the deep‐colored twisted conformations: bianthrone, green; 1,8‐diazafluorenylideneanthrone, red; fluorenylideneanthrone, purple; benzo[b]fluorenylideneanthrone, blue. The PAEs under study exhibit thermochromic behavior at room temperature, having readily populated twisted conformations. The twisted and folded conformations interconvert rapidly. Details are discussed in the article by I. Agranat et al. on p. 5198 ff. The authors thank Dr. P. U. Biedermann (Max‐Planck‐Institut f?r Eisenforschung) for enlightening advice and suggestions.
Application of Multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least square methods on the resolution of overlapping CE peaks from different separation conditions
Authors: Zhang Fang , Chen Yan , Li Hua 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDiscussed in this paper is the development of a new strategy to improve resolution of overlapping CE peaks by using second‐order multivariate curve resolution with alternating least square (second‐order MCR‐ALS) methods. Several kinds of organic reagents are added, respectively, in buffers and sets of overlapping peaks with different separations are obtained. Augmented matrix is formed by the corresponding matrices of the overlapping peaks and is then analyzed by the second‐order MCR‐ALS method in order to use all data information to improve the precision of the resolution. Similarity between the resolved unit spectrum and the true one is used to assess the quality of the solutions provided by the above method. 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐one derivatives (DHPOs) are used as model components and mixed artificially in order to obtain overlapping peaks. Three different impurity levels, 100, 20, and 10% relative to the main component, are used. With this strategy, the concentration profiles and spectra of impurities, which are no more than 10% of the main component, can be resolved from the overlapping peaks without pure standards participant in the analysis. The effects of the changes in the components spectra in the buffer with different organic reagents on the resolution are also evaluated, which are slight and can thus be ignored in the analysis. Individual data matrices (two‐way data) are also analyzed by using MCR‐ALS and heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP) methods and their results are compared with those when MCR‐ALS is applied to augmented data matrix (three‐way data) analysis.
Optimization of the separation of ionizable compounds in micellar electrokinetic chromatography by simultaneous change of pH and SDS concentration
Authors: Téllez Adolfo , Fuguet Elisabet , Rosés Martí 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA method to optimize the separation in micellar EKC (MEKC) of mixtures of acidic compounds as a function of two parameters, pH and concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, has been developed. The method considers the prediction of the retention time and the shape of the peaks. The retention time is predicted from the retention factor model and the peak shape by a polynomically modified Gaussian function that considers peak width, asymmetry factor, and height. An algorithm to calculate the global resolution of the separation at any experimental pH and [SDS] has been applied. This algorithm provides a 3‐D resolution map to easily detect the areas in which resolution for the separation of the compounds is maximum. Initial experiments to fit the models have been performed with a set of ten phenolic compounds with different hydrophobicities and pKa values, and therefore, expected to behave in a different way with changes of pH and surfactant concentration. The experiments encompassed a pH range from 6.7 to 11.1, and a sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration range from 40 to 80 mM. Through the proposed methodology, chromatograms have been simulated at different pH and [SDS] very accurately. Furthermore, the resolution at any experimental point within the studied ranges have been also calculated, giving an optimum resolution value at pH 6.7 and [SDS] = 72 mM.
Comparison of resolution in microemulsion EKC and MEKC employing suppressed electroosmosis: Application to bisphenol‐A‐diglycidyl ether and its derivatives
Authors: Poouthree Kieatsuda , Soonthorntantikul Wasura , Leepipatpiboon Natchanun , Petsom Amorn , Nhujak Thumnoon 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe resolution (Rs) of hydrophobic analytes in microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) and MEKC with suppressed electroosmosis was investigated using bisphenol‐A‐diglycidyl ether and its derivatives (BADGEs) as test analytes. Separation scales were compared using our equation for the resolution, $\displaystyle {\tf="PS_SLFIT"R}_{{s}} {{ = }}(\sqrt {\bar {\tf="PS_SLFIT"N}} /4)(\alpha - 1)/(1 + {\tf="PS_SLFIT"k}_2 )$, where k is the retention factor, α the selectivity (α = k2/k1 for k2 ≥ k1>0), and $\displaystyle \bar {\tf="PS_SLFIT"N}$ the average efficiency. At given concentrations of SDS and organic cosolvent in the buffer, in comparison with MEKC, MEEKC was found to provide better resolution of BADGEs, mainly due to the significantly smaller k in MEEKC, but not the greater α in MEEKC, while a comparable range of $\displaystyle \bar {\tf="PS_SLFIT"N}$. Significantly improved resolution of BADGEs was obtained with increase in the concentration of organic cosolvent in the MEEKC and MEKC buffers, while small change in Rs with the SDS concentration in a range of 100–180 mM. In addition, a decrease in temperature or voltage resulted in slightly better Rs.