bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of chelate polymers involving azelaoyl bis‐N‐phenyl hydroxamic acid with transition metal ions
Authors: Ukey Vaishali V. , Juneja Harjeet D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractChelate polymers of azelaoyl bis‐N‐phenyl hydroxamic acid with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) were synthesized for the first time in a dimethylformamide (DMF) medium. These newly synthesized chelate polymers were characterized on the basis of several analytical techniques, namely, elemental analyses, infrared and reflectance spectral studies, magnetic moment, and thermal analyses. On the basis of data obtained with these techniques, the composition of the polymeric units, the structure, and the geometry were ascertained. It was found that the Mn(II) and Zn(II) chelate polymers had a tetrahedral geometry, whereas the Co(II) and Ni(II) chelate polymers were octahedral. Thermal analytical data clearly indicated that the Ni(II) chelate polymer was highly thermally stable relative to the Mn(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) chelate polymers. Since these chelate polymers are highly insoluble in almost all the organic solvents, including alcohol, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DMF, and DMSO, and have high thermal stability, they may be used as surface‐coating materials and as thermally stable materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 273–278, 2006
Preparation of polyimide/nylon 6 graft copolymers from polyimides containing ester moieties: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Pae Youlee 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPolyimide‐g‐nylon 6 copolymers were prepared by the polymerization of phenyl 3,5‐diaminobenzoate with several diamines and dianhydrides with a one‐step method. The polyimides containing pendant ester moieties were then used as activators for the anionic polymerization of molten ϵ‐caprolactam. In the graft copolymer syntheses, the phenyl ester groups reacted quickly with caprolactam anions at 120°C to generate N‐acyllactam moieties, which activated the anionic polymerization. The thermal stability and chemical resistance were dramatically increased by the incorporation of only 5 wt % polyimide in the graft copolymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 309–318, 2006
Artificial neural network modeling for predicting melt blowing processing
Authors: Chen Ting , Wang Jun , Huang Xiubao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn artificial neural network model is established for predicting the fiber diameter of melt blown nonwoven fabrics from the processing parameters. An attempt is made to study the effect of the number of hidden layers and hidden layer neurons to minimize the prediction error. The artificial neural network with three hidden layers (5, 2, and 3 neurons in the first, second, and third hidden layer, respectively) yields the minimum prediction error and thus is determined as the preferred network. The square of the correlation coefficient of measured and predicted fiber diameters shows the good performance of the model. Using the established ANN model, computer simulations of the effects of the processing parameters on the fiber diameter are carried out. The results show great promise for this research in the field of computer assisted design of melt blowing technology. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 424–429, 2006
Preparation of poly(ether sulfone) hollow fiber UF membrane for removal of NOM
Authors: Qin Jian‐Jun , Cao Yi‐Ming , Oo Maung‐Htun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this study, a high performance poly(ether sulfone) (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane has been prepared for removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The membrane was spun from a dope solution containing PES/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP 40K)/N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) by using a wet‐spinning process. Characterization of the membrane in terms of pure water flux, molecule weight cut‐off (MWCO), and retention for a model humic acid (HA) were conducted, and the fouling resistance was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the membrane had a pure water permeability of 20 × 10−5 L m−2 h−1 Pa−1 and a nominal MWCO of 6000 Da. The results also showed that the membrane retention for humic acid was over 97% and both productivity and selectivity for HA increased with increasing feed velocity. The PES membrane in this study exhibited a much lower fouling tendency than the commercial polysulfone membrane. SEM images revealed that the membrane had an outer dense skin and a porous inner surface. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 430–435, 2006
Natural polypeptide scaffolds: β‐sheets, β‐turns, and β‐hairpins
Authors: Rotondi Kenneth S. , Gierasch Lila M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction to fundamental conformational states of polypeptides in the β‐region of φ,ψ space, in which the backbone is extended near to its maximal length, and to more complex architectures in which extended segments are linked by turns and loops. There are several variants on these conformations, and they comprise versatile scaffolds for presentation of side chains and backbone amides for molecular recognition and designed catalysts. In addition, the geometry of these fundamental folds can be readily mimicked in peptidomimetics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 13–22, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Structure–activity relationship studies of gomesin: Importance of the disulfide bridges for conformation, bioactivities, and serum stability
Authors: Fázio Marcos A. , Oliveira Vani X. , Bulet Philippe , Miranda M. Terêsa M. , Daffre Sirlei , Miranda Antonio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGomesin is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from hemocytes of the Brazilian spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana that contains two disulfide bridges Cys2‐15/Cys6‐11 and presents a β‐hairpin structure. To investigate the role of the disulfide bridges on gomesin conformation, bioactivities, and serum stability, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted. Initially, gomesin and variants lacking one or both disulfide bridges were synthesized. CD studies showed that the gomesin structure is very rigid independently of the solvent environment. On the other hand, the linearized analogues adopted secondary structures according to the environment, while the monocyclic disulfide‐bridged peptides had a tendency to adopt a turn structure. The absence of one or both bridges resulted in a decrease in the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. In addition, serum stability studies revealed that, contrasting to gomesin that was stable even after 48 h of incubation, the linearized analogues were rapidly degraded. The replacement of the disulfide bounds by lactam bridges led to monocyclic and bicyclic compounds. SAR studies indicated that the monocyclic lactam‐bridged analogues tend to assume a α‐helical structure being less potent, hemolytic, and serum stable than the wild‐type gomesin. On the other hand, the bicyclic lactam/disulfide‐bridged analogues displayed a similar conformation and degradation kinetics identical to gomesin. However, the antimicrobial activity appeared to be dependent on the lactam bridge position and size. These findings indicated that (i) the secondary structure plays a pivotal role for the full activity of gomesin; (ii) the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of gomesin are correlated events; (iii) while at least one of the disulfide bridges is needed for the maintenance of a significant antimicrobial activity of gomesin, both bridges are required for high serum stability and optimal conformation; and finally (iv) the best analogue obtained was the bicyclo (2‐15,6‐11)[Glu2, Cys6,11, Lys15]‐Gm since it is as stable and potent as gomesin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 205–218, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis and characterization of DNA quadruplexes containing T‐tetrads formed by bunch‐oligonucleotides
Authors: Oliviero Giorgia , Amato Jussara , Borbone Nicola , Galeone Aldo , Varra Michela , Piccialli Gennaro , Mayol Luciano 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe solid phase syntheses of the bunch oligonucleotides 1 and 2 based on the sequences of the natural oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) d(TG2TG2C) (3) and d(CG2TG2T) (4), respectively, attached to a non‐nucleotidic tetrabranched linker, are reported. Bunch‐ODNs 1 and 2 were shown to form more stable monomolecular parallel G‐quadruplexes I and II when compared with their tetramolecular counterparts [d(TG2TG2C)]4 (III) and [d(CG2TG2T)]4 (IV), respectively. The structure and stability of all the synthesized complexes have been investigated by circular dichroism (CD), CD thermal denaturation experiments, and 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) experiments at variable temperatures. Particularly, the spectroscopic data confirmed that 1 adopts a T‐tetrad containing parallel‐stranded quadruplex structure I as in the tetramolecular complex III. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 194–201, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The High‐Pressure Modification of CePtSn — Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Riecken Jan F. , Heymann Gunter , Soltner Theresa , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Huppertz Hubert , Johrendt Dirk , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activiy of 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazine and ‐pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Foks Henryk , Pancechowska‐Ksepko Danuta , Kedzia Anna , Zwolska Zofia , Janowiec Mieczyslaw , Augustynowicz‐Kopec Ewa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Osmium‐Catalyzed Dihydroxylation of Alkenes by H2O2 in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Co‐Catalyzed by VO(acac)2 or MeReO3.
Authors: Johansson Mikael , Linden Auri A. , Baeckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Picolinyl Group as an Efficient Alcohol Protecting Group: Cleavage with Zn(OAc)2×2H2O under a Neutral Condition.
Authors: Baek Ju Yuel , Shin Yong‐Joo , Jeon Heung Bae , Kim Kwan Soo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Optical Resolution of 2‐Aryl‐2‐fluoropropionic Acids, Fluorinated Analogues of Non‐Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
Authors: Fujisawa Hidehito , Fujiwara Tomoya , Takeuchi Yoshio , Omata Kenji 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile One‐Pot Benzylation of Sodium Enolates Using Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride and Diphenyl Sulfoxide.
Authors: Takuwa Tomofumi , Minowa Tomofumi , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual p‐Toluene Sulfonic Acid—Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation.
Authors: Govindan Shanmugam , Maddipatla Madhavi , Podichetty Anil Kumar , Macharla Prabhakahr , Nalivela Venu , Sundaram Venkataraman , Mathad Vijayavitthal T. , Ghanta Mahesh Reddy , Yalavarti Ravindra Kumar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,4‐Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents.
Authors: Tandon Vishnu K. , Yadav Dharmendra B. , Singh Ravindra V. , Vaish Meenu , Chaturvedi Ashok K. , Shukla Praveen K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and anti‐Tyrosine Kinase Activity of 3‐(Substituted‐benzylidene)‐1,3‐dihydro‐indolin Derivatives: Investigation of Their Role Against p60c‐Src Receptor Tyrosine Kinase with the Application of Receptor Docking Studies.
Authors: Olgen Sureyya , Akaho Eiichi , Nebioglu Dogu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Fluorinated Spiro[indole‐indazolyl‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′‐diones: Design and Synthesis.
Authors: Jain Subhash C. , Khanna Pankaj , Bhagat Sunita , Jain Manish , Sakhuja Rajeev 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Study of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Novel 8‐Methyl‐7,9‐diaryl‐1,2,4,8‐tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan‐3‐thiones.
Authors: Balasubramanian S. , Ramalingan C. , Aridoss G. , Kabilan S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic N‐Sulfonyliminium Ion Mediated Cyclizations to α‐Vinyl‐Substituted Isoquinolines and β‐Carbolines and Applications in Metathesis.
Authors: Kinderman Sape S. , Wekking Monique M. T. , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Schoemaker Hans E. , Hiemstra Henk , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(1H‐Imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,5‐oxadiazol‐3‐ylamine Derivatives: A Novel Class of Potent MSK‐1‐Inhibitors
Authors: Bamford Mark J. , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure‐Driven HtL: Design and Synthesis of Novel Aminoindazole Inhibitors of c‐Jun N‐Terminal Kinase Activity.
Authors: Stocks Michael J. , Barber Simon , Ford Rhonan , Leroux Frederic , St‐Gallay Steve , Teague Simon , Xue Yafeng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Thiones and Their Analogues in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. Part 4. Reactions with 4‐Aryl‐2‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydrophthalazine‐1‐thiones with Nitrile Imides.
Authors: Budarina E. V. , Plotnikov V. F. , Labeish N. N. , Bel'skii V. K. , Galishev V. A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Efficient Synthesis of 6,7,8,9‐Tetrahydro‐benzothieno[2,3‐d]‐1,2,4‐triazolo [1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐10(3H)‐ones via a Tandem Aza‐Wittig/Heterocumulene‐Mediated Annulation.
Authors: Ding Ming‐Wu , Huang Nian‐Yu , He Hong‐Wu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cu‐Nanoparticles: A Chemoselective Catalyst for the Aza‐Michael Reactions of N‐Alkyl‐ and N‐Arylpiperazines with Acrylonitrile.
Authors: Verma Akhilesh K. , Kumar Rupesh , Chaudhary Preeti , Saxena Amit , Shankar Ravi , Mozumdar Subho , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Methyl (Z)‐(4,4‐Difluoro‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepin‐5‐ylidene)acetate Using a Dianion Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reagent.
Authors: Shimada Yoshiaki , Akane Hiroaki , Taniguchi Nobuaki , Matsuhisa Akira , Kawano Noriyuki , Tanaka Akihiro 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐(1‐Trimethylgermyl‐1‐alkenyl)‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinanes and Their Conversion into Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Bhat Narayan G. , Caga‐Anan Zerremi , Leija Reynaldo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (‐)‐16‐Normethyldictyostatin: A Potent Analogue of (‐)‐Dictyostatin.
Authors: Shin Youseung , Fournier Jean‐Hugues , Balachandran Raghavan , Madiraju Charitha , Raccor Brianne S. , Zhu Guangyu , Edler Michael C. , Hamel Ernest , Day Billy W. , Curran Dennis P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
COMIC III™
Authors: Ladson Jack A. , Fairman Hugh 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThere is a need in the industry to teach colorists, and it is a responsibility of educational institutions to teach students the fundamentals of color, color science, and computer color formulation. The COMIC III™ is a new, interactive computer program designed to answer those needs and requirements in an innovative self‐study program format. A brief history of Davidson and Hemmendinger's product line of color‐matching computers is presented. This history passes through the analogue stage of COMIC I to the digital stage of COMIC II. Then COMIC III, a computer‐color‐matching teaching tool for modern computers, is presented in each of the COMIC III's features and screens are described in the accompanying syllabus. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 3, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20159
(η5‐Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III) Complexes with η2‐N,O andη2‐P,S Ligands
Authors: Gorol Michael , Roesky Herbert W. , Noltemeyer Mathias , Schmidt Hans‐Georg 
Published: October 2005

AbstractChloro(η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(η2‐pyridine‐2‐car‐boxylato)iridium(III) [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)(η2‐C5H4N‐2‐CO2)Cl] (2) and chloro(η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)[η2‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)thiophenolato]iridium(III) [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)(η2‐2‐Ph2PC6H4S)Cl] (3) were prepared and their structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Complex 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. The number of molecules per unit cell is eight, whereas 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 and the number of molecules per unit cell is four. The coordination of the η2‐bound ligands in 2 and 3 leads to chelate bite angles N–Ir–O(2) and P–Ir–S of 77.0(2)° and 82.42(7)°, respectively. The iridium atoms in 2 and 3 are chiral and both enantiomers are present in the unit cell. The substitution of the chloro ligand in 3 affords hydrido(η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadi‐enyl)‐[η2‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)thiophenolato]iridium(III][Ir(η5C5Me5)(η2‐2‐Ph2PC6H4S)H] (4) and methyl(η5‐penta‐methylcyclopentadienyl)[η2‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)thiophen‐olato]iridium(III) [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)(η2‐2‐Ph2PC6H4S)Me] (5), respectively, in good yields. The 31P{1H} NMR resonances of 4 (δ = 33.9 ppm) and 5 (δ = 35.8 ppm) prove unambiguously that the 2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)thiophenolato ligand still remains η2‐coordinated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Liste der ethnomykologisch und biotechnologisch relevanten Pilze – Literatur – Kunst – Volksmedizin – Pharmazie – Techniken – Drogen
Authors: Kreisel Hanns 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVerzeichnis von Pilzen, welche in der Ethnomykologie, Ethnomedizin, Toxikologie, Pharmazie, Kunst und Literatur eine Rolle spielen, mit aktueller Nomenklatur und wichtigen Synonymen. Im Anschluss wird ein Verzeichnis von Namen mykologischer Produkte und Inhaltsstoffe erläutert. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conspectus of Aizoaceae, Gisekiaceae and Molluginaceae of Egypt and the Sudan (Feddes Repertorium 116 (2005) 1–2, p. 1–42)
Authors: Hassan N. S. , Hartmann H. E. K. , Liede‐Schumann S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSee original: Feddes Repertorium 116 (2005) 1–2, p. 1–42The DELTA files can be viewed under the addresshttp://www.uni‐bayreuth.de/departments/planta2/wg/delta Aiz/
Translocation–excision–deletion–amplification mechanism leading to nonsyntenic coamplification of MYC and ATBF1
Authors: Van Roy Nadine , Vandesompele Jo , Menten Björn , Nilsson Helén , De Smet Els , Rocchi Mariano , De Paepe Anne , Påhlman Sven , Speleman Frank 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDespite oncogene amplification being a characteristic of many tumor types, the mechanisms leading to amplicon formation have remained largely unresolved. In this study, we used a combinatorial approach of fluorescence in situ hybridization and single‐nucleotide polymorphism chip gene copy number analyses to unravel the mechanism leading to nonsyntenic coamplification of MYC and ATBF1 in SJNB‐12 cells. To explain our findings, we propose a complex series of events consisting of multiple double‐strand breaks, accompanied (or triggered) by the formation of a reciprocal translocation t(8;16), as well as excisions and deletions near the translocation breakpoints. This study provides evidence for a translocation–excision–deletion–amplification sequence of events rather than a breakage–fusion–bridge model, which has been more frequently proposed to explain proto‐oncogene amplification. Furthermore, it illustrates the power of presently available tools for detailed analysis of the complex rearrangements that accompany amplicon formation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of BIC and microRNA miR‐155 expression in primary cases of Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Kluiver Joost , Haralambieva Eugenia , de Jong Debora , Blokzijl Tjasso , Jacobs Susan , Kroesen Bart‐Jan , Poppema Sibrand , van den Berg Anke 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe previously demonstrated high expression of primary‐microRNA BIC (pri‐miR‐155) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and lack of expression in most non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes including some Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cases. Recently, high expression of BIC was reported in BL in comparison to pediatric leukemia and normal peripheral‐blood samples. In this study, we extended our series of BL cases and cell lines to examine expression of BIC using RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and of miR‐155 using Northern blotting. Both BIC RNA ISH and qRT‐PCR revealed no or low levels of BIC in 25 BL tissue samples [including 7 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–positive cases] compared to HL and normal controls. In agreement with these findings, no miR‐155 was observed in BL tissues. EBV‐negative and EBV latency type I BL cell lines also showed very low BIC and miR‐155 expression levels as compared to HL cell lines. Higher levels of BIC and miR‐155 were detected in in vitro transformed lymphoblastoid EBV latency type III BL cell lines. An association of latency type III infection and induction of BIC was supported by consistent expression of BIC in 11 and miR‐155 in 2 posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) cases. In summary, we demonstrated that expression of BIC and miR‐155 is not a common finding in BL. Expression of BIC and miR‐155 in 3 latency type III EBV–positive BL cell lines and in all primary PTLD cases suggests a possible role for EBV latency type III specific proteins in the induction of BIC expression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the criterion for determining water vapour sources of summer precipitation on the northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Meixue , Yao Tandong , Wang Huijun , Tian Lide , Gou Xiaohua 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAccording to the precipitation and δ18O data obtained during the GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment–Tibet Intensive Observation Period, based on the knowledge that δ18O is lower in precipitation formed from ocean air mass vapour than that from local evaporation vapour, the water vapour sources can be identified from the δ18O values in precipitation. We attempt to give the identification criterion of δ18O values in precipitation. The threshold values chosen to distinguish between ocean and local sources are δ18O < −20‰ and δ18O > −13‰ respectively. According to this criterion, the proportion of local evaporation‐formed precipitation and ocean air‐mass‐formed precipitation in total precipitation was estimated. The average value of precipitation at three sites (NODA, Amdo and AQB) is 249·76 mm. Among this, precipitation formed directly by the ocean air mass vapour is 80·08 mm at most. Precipitation formed by water vapour evaporated from local places is 117·05 mm at least. That is to say that precipitation formed directly by the ocean air mass vapour accounts for 32·06% of the total precipitation at most. Precipitation formed by water vapour evaporated from local places accounts for 46·86% of the total precipitation at least. At least 21·8% of the total precipitation came from water vapour that was evaporated on the way and transported by the monsoon circulation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.