bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Single‐Coil Versus Dual‐Coil Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Efficacy and Extraction‐Related Outcomes
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Fawad , Maryyum Adeena , Mubbashir Zainab , Khan Abdul Moiz , Imam Syed Irtiza , Mustafa Fatima , Hasan Syeda Zahra , Shoaib Umer , Iqbal Areej , Saeed Osama , Purushotham Manisha , Khan Maimoona , Tariq Shahtaj , Larik Muhammad Omar , Anjum Muhammad Umair , Hasanain Muhammad , Ayyalu Tanesh , Changez Mah I. Kan , Iqbal Javed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are battery‐operated devices used to manage irregular heart rhythms and deliver therapeutic shocks to the heart. This updated systematic review and meta‐analysis compares the efficacy and extraction‐related outcomes of single‐coil versus dual‐coil ICDs in view of conflicting data.MethodsSeveral databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were comprehensively explored dating from inception to April 1, 2024. Data were compared using odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and mean differences (MD). A value of p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsUltimately, 28 studies were included in this quantitative synthesis. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) indicated statistical superiority in the dual‐coil cohort (MD: 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–1.09; p = 0.03). In addition, all‐cause mortality was significantly elevated in the dual‐coil cohort (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87–0.97; p = 0.001). Furthermore, implant time was significantly lower in the single‐coil group (MD: −7.44; 95% CI: −13.44 to −1.43; p = 0.02). Other outcomes, including first shock efficacy, cardiac mortality, post‐extraction major complications, post‐extraction procedural success, and post‐extraction mortality, did not demonstrate any significant statistical differences.ConclusionIn conclusion, despite the desirable safety profile of single‐coil ICDs, the use of dual‐coil ICDs continues to hold merit due to their superior efficacy and advanced sensing capabilities, especially in complex cases. In addition, the perceived risk of a greater adverse profile in dual‐coil lead extraction can be refuted by preliminary aggregate results generated within this meta‐analysis. However, further robust studies are warranted before arriving at a valid conclusion.
Pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab for stage III–IVa cervical cancer: is the ENGOT‐cx11/GOG‐3047/KEYNOTE‐A18 trial practice changing?
Authors: Penninx Bart M. F. , Samson Michael J. , Schnog John‐John B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAt the second interim analysis, the ENGOT‐cx11/GOG‐3047/KEYNOTE‐A18 demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit after 36 months in stage III–IVa cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and concurrent pembrolizumab followed by 90 weeks of pembrolizumab as compared to placebo (82.6% vs. 74.8%, hazard ratio for death, 0.67 [confidence interval, 0.50–0.90]). Only 51 of 193 progressing patients in the control arm were exposed to immunotherapy after progressing. The reported OS benefit could be explained by suboptimal post‐progression treatment in the control group. Even if pembrolizumab as administered in the ENGOT‐cx11/GOG‐3047/KEYNOTE‐A18 was efficacious, the treatment duration is excessively long. The associated costs render it unattainable in the regions where burden of cervical cancer is highest. Based on these concerns, the findings at the interim analysis of the ENGOT‐cx11/GOG‐3047/KEYNOTE‐A18 RCT should not change practice.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid–Structure Interaction in Axillary Artery Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Yue Shuai , Yan Haojie , Shao Junjie , Zhou Jingjing , Shi Shujin , Wang Haiming , Hong Xiaoyang , Li Jun , Zhang Ran 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough axillary artery venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) has been utilized as a mechanical circulatory support for patients with end‐stage heart failure (HF), there is currently insufficient evidence to support its effectiveness and safety. The objective of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic effects of axillary artery VA‐ECMO. To this end, we obtained CT angiographic imaging data of the aorta from a carefully selected heart failure patient with a cardiac output of 2.1 L/min. These data were used to construct a detailed fluid–structure interaction model of the aorta. Axillary artery VA‐ECMO was then simulated within this model, maintaining a constant flow rate of 3 L/min. The intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) balloon was simulated to inflate and deflate in synchrony with the diastolic and systolic phases of the cardiac cycle. Hemodynamic effects, including left ventricular (LV) pressure afterload, vessel wall stress, perfusion of vital organs, blood flow pulsatility, and the watershed region, were calculated using fluid–structure interaction analysis. We found that axillary artery VA‐ECMO delivers well‐distributed, oxygen‐rich blood flow but may increase left ventricular (LV) afterload and reduce cerebral blood flow. However, when combined with IABP, it unloads LV pressure and increases cerebral blood flow. Integrating axillary artery VA‐ECMO with IABP can promote cardiac function recovery and improve oxygen‐rich blood perfusion to the vital organs of heart failure patients.
DFT Study of the Mechanism of Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene by Rhodium Single‐Atom Catalyst Supported on HY Zeolite
Authors: Yordanlı Melisa Su , Escobar Roberto , Meza Jessica , Akgül Deniz , Zhao Yuxin , Uzun Alper , Ahu Akin F. , Aviyente Viktorya , Atesin Abdurrahman C. , Ateşin Tülay A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe selectivity of acetylene hydrogenation by the Rh single‐atom catalyst (SAC) supported on HY zeolite was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and a 5/83T quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) embedded cluster model. The calculated activation barrier (ΔG≠) for the oxidative addition of dihydrogen to the Rh metal center (15.9 kcal/mol) is lower in energy than that for the σ‐bond metathesis of dihydrogen to the Rh−C bond (22.7 kcal/mol) and the Rh−O bond (28.4 kcal/mol). The activation barriers of the oxidative addition of subsequent dihydrogen molecules are significantly higher than that of the oxidative addition of the first dihydrogen molecule. These findings align with the experimentally observed activity and selectivity of the atomically dispersed Rh catalyst supported on HY zeolite. Natural bond orbital (NBO), molecular orbital (MO) and fuzzy bond order analyses were used to examine the interaction between the Rh metal center and acetylene versus ethylene ligands. The occupancies of the Rh lone pairs, π‐bonding and π*‐antibonding orbitals of acetylene and ethylene are consistent with the expected stronger interaction between the Rh metal center and acetylene compared to ethylene on the HY zeolite support.
Inorganic Nanoparticles in Reproduction Biology: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Barcikowski Stephan , Kundu Sangita , Rehbock Christoph , Kues Wilfried A. 
Published: February 2025

The development of inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted significant attention in biomedical and biotechnological fields. An emerging field in this context is the use of MNPs in reproduction biology. Here, we review the development of MNPs in the field of reproduction by focusing on their interactions with highly delicate and specialized germ cells like spermatozoa and oocytes as well as developing embryos. By their unique physicochemical properties, MNPs are good candidates for targeted imaging and delivery of biofunctional molecules to the specific sites of the gametes and reproductive cells. Furthermore, functionalized MNPs can serve as transfection vectors for the generation of transgenic animals by sperm‐mediated gene transfer (SMGT) in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. In addition, MNPs have shown great promise in application fields such as semen collection, nano‐purification, cryopreservation, and sex sorting of sperm in the livestock industry. The article includes an in‐depth discussion on the uptake, translocation mechanism, and bioresponse of the MNPs to reproduction‐relevant sites on the clinical, cellular, and molecular levels. Based on these promising achievements, the current challenges and prospects of the development of these functionalized MNPs for clinical research in conjunction with the reproductive system will be discussed.
Photosynthesis‐driven yield gains in global wheat breeding trials
Authors: Ding Qiansu , Zhen Xiaoxing , Sadok Walid 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIncreasing wheat yields is critical to meet the demands of a growing population and ensure socioeconomic stability. Rising photosynthesis is being proposed as a promising avenue to increase wheat yields, but evidence for this is conflicting across studies. To test the viability of this hypothesis, here we report a systematic and quantitative literature review examining the association between historic yield increases due to breeding that occurred over 129 years (1890–2019) across the globe and light‐saturated photosynthesis (Asat) for 273 wheat commercial varieties released to farmers in five continents. A positive and highly significant relationship between trial‐corrected grain yield and cultivars’ year of release (YOR) was found globally (R2 = 0.56), with an annual rate of yield increase of 0.84%. Trial‐corrected seed‐fill Asat increased globally at a pace of 0.58% year−1, and this association was the strongest among the examined four phenological stages. Detrended (from YOR), trial‐corrected grain yield and Asat were found to be correlated, with this association being significant only during seed‐fill. The analysis also suggests that historical yield gains may also have been achieved by an increase in water uptake during seed‐fill, but it points to the need for more standardized protocols for measuring gas exchange in such vintage/era studies. Overall, these insights indicate that breeding for higher wheat yields was accompanied by physiological alterations to improve Asat and, possibly, increase water use during the critical seed‐fill period, two traits that are also likely to enhance wheat climate resilience.
Simplified Analysis and Optimal Design Method for LLC Resonant Converter Based Focusing Magnet DC Power Supply in High Power LINAC Applications
Authors: Gauttam V. K. , Dikshit B. , Kasliwal A. , Sharma A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSoft switching of primary‐side semiconductor switches across the full operational range, high‐frequency transformer nonidealities, and the high reactive energy in the resonant tank circuit is key challenges in the design of focusing magnet DC power supplies (FMDPS). To address these issues, this paper presents a simplified and optimized design method for an LLC resonant converter (LLC‐RC)‐based FMDPS in high‐power linear accelerators (LINACs). The proposed LLC‐RC power converter, with its optimal design approach, effectively resolves these challenges, achieving zero voltage switching (ZVS) at turn‐ON across the entire operational range. Additionally, transformer nonidealities such as leakage inductance and magnetizing inductance are absorbed within the resonant tank and utilized to advantage. The proposed converter is designed with an optimal quality factor (Q), minimizing the total reactive energy in the circuit. The work also presents a steady‐state analysis of the proposed topology, along with derived expressions for voltage gain, input impedance, and resonant frequencies. To validate the concept, a 600‐W experimental prototype (input: 250 V; output: 30 V/20A) featuring soft switching throughout the full operating range was developed, achieving a maximum efficiency of 95.99%. The experimental results closely align with the theoretical design and simulation outcomes.
Cell‐free epigenomes enhanced fragmentomics‐based model for early detection of lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yadong , Guo Qiang , Huang Zhicheng , Song Liyang , Zhao Fei , Gu Tiantian , Feng Zhe , Wang Haibo , Li Bowen , Wang Daoyun , Zhou Bin , Guo Chao , Xu Yuan , Song Yang , Zheng Zhibo , Bing Zhongxing , Li Haochen , Yu Xiaoqing , Fung Ka Luk , Xu Heqing , Shi Jianhong , Chen Meng , Hong Shuai , Jin Haoxuan , Tong Shiyuan , Zhu Sibo , Zhu Chen , Song Jinlei , Liu Jing , Li Shanqing , Li Hefei , Sun Xueguang , Liang Naixin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality, highlighting the need for innovative non‐invasive early detection methods. Although cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis shows promise, its sensitivity in early‐stage lung cancer patients remains a challenge. This study aimed to integrate insights from epigenetic modifications and fragmentomic features of cfDNA using machine learning to develop a more accurate lung cancer detection model.MethodsTo address this issue, a multi‐centre prospective cohort study was conducted, with participants harbouring suspicious malignant lung nodules and healthy volunteers recruited from two clinical centres. Plasma cfDNA was analysed for its epigenetic and fragmentomic profiles using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, reduced representation bisulphite sequencing and low‐pass whole‐genome sequencing. Machine learning algorithms were then employed to integrate the multi‐omics data, aiding in the development of a precise lung cancer detection model.ResultsCancer‐related changes in cfDNA fragmentomics were significantly enriched in specific genes marked by cell‐free epigenomes. A total of 609 genes were identified, and the corresponding cfDNA fragmentomic features were utilised to construct the ensemble model. This model achieved a sensitivity of 90.4% and a specificity of 83.1%, with an AUC of 0.94 in the independent validation set. Notably, the model demonstrated exceptional sensitivity for stage I lung cancer cases, achieving 95.1%. It also showed remarkable performance in detecting minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 96.2%, highlighting its potential for early detection in clinical settings.ConclusionsWith feature selection guided by multiple epigenetic sequencing approaches, the cfDNA fragmentomics‐based machine learning model demonstrated outstanding performance in the independent validation cohort. These findings highlight its potential as an effective non‐invasive strategy for the early detection of lung cancer.Keypoints
Our study elucidated the regulatory relationships between epigenetic modifications and their effects on fragmentomic features.
Identifying epigenetically regulated genes provided a critical foundation for developing the cfDNA fragmentomics‐based machine learning model.
The model demonstrated exceptional clinical performance, highlighting its substantial potential for translational application in clinical practice.
Hair EtG Testing in Combination With Measurements of PEth and EtG in Blood to Improve the Assessment of Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Bevan Siân , Tsanaclis Lolita 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEthyl glucuronide detection in hair (H‐EtG) effectively diagnoses long‐term abstinence and differentiates between social and chronic excessive alcohol use. However, hair testing does not capture alcohol consumption within the week prior to sample collection. To address this limitation, blood tests like phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and blood ethyl glucuronide (B‐EtG) are used alongside H‐EtG, extending alcohol detection from minutes after drinking up to the period covered by hair. A total of 1205 cases were selected, where H‐EtG was analysed in hair segments over 3 cm long, and concurrent fingertip blood samples in dried blood spots (DBSs) were analysed for PEth and B‐EtG using UPLC/ESI‐MS/MS with cut‐offs: H‐EtG = 5 pg/mg, PEth = 20 ng/mL and B‐EtG = 10 ng/mL. A total of 468 (39%) cases showed H‐EtG, PEth and B‐EtG levels below cut‐off, consistent with abstinence, while 198 (16%) were above cut‐off, indicating continuous alcohol consumption. The remaining cases exhibited various patterns. B‐EtG was negative in 282 cases (23%), with H‐EtG and PEth detected, suggesting alcohol use but not recently. PEth was positive, but H‐EtG and B‐EtG were negative in 149 cases (12%), indicating alcohol use within a month, but not recently. H‐EtG was positive in 78 cases (6%), with PEth and B‐EtG negative, confirming recent abstinence. H‐EtG was negative in 27 cases (2%), indicating no alcohol use for months, but recent consumption was confirmed by the detection of PEth and B‐EtG. Only two cases (0.2%) had positive B‐EtG with negative H‐EtG and PEth, indicating recent alcohol use. The results confirm the value of combining H‐EtG with concurrent blood testing of PEth and B‐EtG, significantly enhancing drinking history assessment.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Symptoms in Adolescent Patients With Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction
Authors: Matherne Camden E. , Watson Hunna J. , Schmidt Ricarda , Zhu Lisa , Pamperin Cassandra , van Tilburg Miranda , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveDisorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) share clinical characteristics. However, research on the prevalence of ARFID symptoms in youth with DGBI and the clinical presentation of DGBI youth with varying levels of ARFID symptoms is limited.MethodIn this cross‐sectional observational study, 38 adolescents (range 12–17 years; 71% female) with a diagnosed DGBI receiving treatment at a pediatric gastroenterology clinic and a primary caregiver completed the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS). Gastrointestinal (GI), psychiatric, quality of life (QOL), and weight/growth outcomes were assessed via youth‐ and caregiver‐reported questionnaires, anthropometrics, and a water load test. ARFID symptoms were characterized, and their associations with GI, psychiatric symptoms, QOL, and weight/growth outcomes were analyzed.ResultsClinically significant ARFID symptoms were reported by 42% of youth and 55% of caregivers. ARFID symptoms were associated with more severe GI and psychiatric symptoms, lower QOL, and clinically significant weight loss or faltering growth. While associations became non‐significant after false discovery rate correction, the effect sizes were medium to large, clearly demonstrating meaningful associations. Agreements between youth and caregiver NIAS reports were good to excellent.DiscussionARFID symptoms are common in adolescents with DGBI and associated with clinical severity. Further elucidating this common co‐morbidity and developing guidelines for effective co‐management are priorities.
Effect of Forest Management Practices on Water Balance Across a Water–Energy Gradient in the Upper Kings River Basin, USA
Authors: Casirati Stefano , Conklin Martha H. , Nandi Saswata , Safeeq Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHeadwater watersheds and forests play a crucial role in ensuring water security for the western United States. Reducing forest biomass from the current overgrown forests can mitigate the severity and impact of wildfires and offer additional competing ecohydrological benefits. A reduction in canopy interception and transpiration following forest treatments can lead to an increase in available water for the remaining trees and runoff. However, the impact of forest management on water balance can be highly variable due to differences in climate, topography, location and vegetation. In this study, we used the Soil Water Assessment Tool Plus model to investigate how decisions regarding location, intensity and scale of forest treatments can affect both evapotranspiration and streamflow in a large watershed such as the upper Kings River Basin (3998 km2). The model was parameterized using a multiobjective calibration of streamflow, snow water equivalent and evapotranspiration. Various forest treatment scenarios were simulated across different years and regions in the landscape. Modelling results show that during dry years, streamflow gains from biomass reduction are primarily originated from energy‐limited regions (i.e., 82% of total streamflow increase in the first year). In water‐limited regions, the water is prioritized for sustaining remaining trees, improving forest health and recharging subsurface storage, rather than increasing streamflow. During wet years, the contribution to streamflow from biomass reduction comes from both energy‐ and water‐limited areas. These findings emphasize the importance of evaluating forest treatments on a larger scale. The competing benefits for forests and downstream users are driven by the energy and water limitations of the vegetation targeted by forest treatments, as well as the climate variability that modulates the water availability and forest recovery time.
A novel method for mapping high‐precision animal locations using high‐resolution imagery
Authors: Axsom Ian J. , Fricker Geoffrey A. , Bean William T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInvestigating ecological questions at the scale of individual organisms is necessary to understand and predict the biological consequences of changing environmental conditions. For small organisms, this can be challenging because ecologists need tools with the appropriate accuracy, precision, and resolution to record and quantify their ecological interactions. Unfortunately, many existing tools are only appropriate for medium to large organisms or those that are wide‐ranging, inhibiting our ability to investigate the spatial ecology of small organisms at fine scales. Here, we tested a novel workflow for recording animal locations at very fine (decimeter) spatial scales, which we refer to as high‐resolution orthomosaic location recording (HOLR). The workflow for HOLR combined direct observations with data collection of locations on high‐resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery loaded on smartphones. Observers identified landscape features they recognized in the imagery and estimated positions relative to these visual landmarks. We found HOLR was approximately twice as accurate as consumer‐grade GPS devices, with a mean error of 0.75 m and a median error of 0.30 m. We also found that performance varied across landscape features, with the highest accuracy in areas that had more visual landmarks for observers to use as reference points. In addition to submeter accuracy, HOLR was cost‐effective and practical in the field, requiring no bulky equipment and allowing observers to easily record locations away from their own position. This workflow can be used to record locations in a variety of situations, but it will be particularly cost‐effective when users simultaneously utilize the high‐resolution environmental data contained within UAV imagery. Together, these tools can expand the application of spatial ecology research to smaller organisms than ever before.