bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of the need for nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Z , Zheng Q , Wang Z 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
Nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression has been used routinely to prevent anastomotic leakage, hasten the return of bowel function and shorten hospital stay after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This meta-analysis evaluates the necessity for such routine decompression.

Methods
Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched. Only prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared individuals with and without nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression after gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included. Outcomes evaluated were time to flatus, time to starting oral diet, anastomotic leakage, pulmonary complications, length of hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality.

Results
Of 717 patients in five RCTs, 361 were allocated to nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression and 356 to no decompression. Time to oral diet was significantly shorter in the latter group (weighted mean difference 0·43 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·23 to 0·62) days; P &lt; 0·001). Time to flatus, anastomotic leakage, pulmonary complications, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality were similar in both groups.

Conclusion
Routine nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression is unnecessary after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Highly Substituted Naphthalenes from Arene and Alkyne Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wu Yao‐Ting , Huang Ke‐Hsin , Shin Chien‐Chueh , Wu Tsun‐Cheng 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral highly substituted naphthalenes 3 have been synthesized in a one‐pot reaction by treatment of arenes 1 with alkynes 2 in the presence of palladium acetate and silver acetate. In this Pd‐catalyzed protocol, an arene provides a benzo source for the construction of a naphthalene core through twofold aryl CH bond activation. Reaction of triphenylphosphine with diphenylethyne (2 a) under the catalysis of PdIV complexes produced 1,2,3,4‐tetraphenylnaphthalene (3 ba) in 62 % yield. Here, triphenylphosphine undergoes one aryl CP bond cleavage and one aryl CH bond activation to serve as a benzo moiety. Crystal structures of cycloadducts 3 ea, 3 ga, and 3 ac have been analyzed. The twisted naphthalenes arise not only from the overcrowded substituents but also from the contribution of the CH3–π interaction.
Distribution of Wfs1 protein in the central nervous system of the mouse and its relation to clinical symptoms of the Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Luuk Hendrik , Koks Sulev , Plaas Mario , Hannibal Jens , Rehfeld Jens F. , Vasar Eero 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMutations in the coding region of the WFS1 gene cause Wolfram syndrome, a rare multisystem neurodegenerative disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. Patients with Wolfram syndrome display considerable clinical pleiomorphism, and symptoms such as neurological complications and psychiatric disorders are common. In the present study we have characterized Wfs1 expression pattern in the mouse central nervous system by using a combination of immunohistochemistry on wild‐type mice and X‐Gal staining of Wfs1 knockout mice with targeted insertion of the lacZ reporter. We identified a robust enrichment of Wfs1 protein in the central extended amygdala and ventral striatum. Prominent Wfs1 expression was seen in the hippocampal CA1 region, parasubiculum, superficial part of the second and third layers of the prefrontal cortex and proisocortical areas, hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system, and central auditory pathway. Wfs1 expression was also detected in numerous brainstem nuclei and in laminae VIII and IX of the spinal cord. Wfs1‐positive nerve fibers were found in the medial forebrain bundle, reticular part of the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, posterior caudate putamen, lateral lemniscus, alveus, fimbria, dorsal hippocampal commissure, subiculum, and to a lesser extent in the central sublenticular extended amygdala, compact part of substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. The neuroanatomical findings suggest that the lack of Wfs1 protein function can be related to several neurological and psychiatric symptoms found in Wolfram syndrome. Enrichment of Wfs1 protein in the central extended amygdala suggests a role in the modulation of anxiety and fear. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:642–660, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of IIR linear‐phase nonuniform‐division filter banks with signed powers‐of‐two coefficients
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hong , Cheng Tsai‐Hsu , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the minimax design of two‐channel linear‐phase (LP) nonuniform‐division filter (NDF) banks using infinite impulse response (IIR) digital all‐pass filters (DAFs) with signed powers‐of‐two (SPT) coefficients. Based on the theory of two‐channel NDF banks using two IIR DAFs, the design problem is appropriately formulated to result in an appropriate Chebyshev approximation for the desired phase responses of the IIR DAFs. Through a frequency sampling and iterative approximation method, the optimization problem for finding the SPT coefficients for the IIR DAFs can be solved by utilizing a weighted least‐squares approach in conjunction with a coordinate rotational digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm. The resulting two‐channel SPT coefficient NDF banks can possess approximately LP response without magnitude distortion. Several simulation examples are presented for illustration and comparison. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic social stress in adolescence influenced both amphetamine conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization
Authors: Mathews I. Z. , Mills R. G. , McCormick C. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe previously reported that chronic social stress (SS) in adolescence, but not in adulthood, increased the locomotor‐activating effects of nicotine in females, and not males, when tested in adulthood. However, SS rats had decreased locomotor response to nicotine when tested in adolescence. Here, we investigated age‐related changes in the effects of SS on both conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization to amphetamine. In the CPP experiment, SS females tested in adolescence had increased preference for the 1.0 mg/kg dose of amphetamine, whereas SS rats of both sexes showed a decrease in CPP for the 0.5 mg/kg dose when tested as adults. Irrespective of time of testing, SS males and females had enhanced locomotor sensitization compared to controls. Thus, adolescent SS produced both immediate and enduring effects on behavioral responses to amphetamine, likely by altering the development of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which holds implications for vulnerability to addiction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 451–459, 2008.
Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta‐analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior
Authors: Alink Lenneke R.A. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Mesman Judi , Juffer Femmie , Koot Hans M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn inverse relation between cortisol (re)activity and externalizing behavior has been hypothesized, but research findings seem equivocal. We tested this hypo(re)activity hypothesis in two meta‐analyses, one for basal cortisol (k = 72 studies,N = 5,480) and one for cortisol reactivity to a stressor (k = 29 studies,N = 2,601). No association was found between cortisol reactivity and externalizing behaviors (r = −.04, 95% CI = −.11, .02). However, the relation between basal cortisol and externalizing behavior was significant but small (r = −.05, 95% CI = −.10, −.002). The age of the children significantly moderated this relation: Externalizing behavior was associated withhigherbasal cortisol (hyperactivity) in preschoolers (r = .09, 95% CI = .002, .17), and withlowerbasal cortisol (hypoactivity) in elementary school‐aged children (r = −.14, 95% CI = −.19, −.08). There was no significant relation between cortisol and externalizing behavior in adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 427–450, 2008.
Fetal sensory‐elicited body movements differ in breech compared to cephalic position
Authors: Van der Meulen J.A. , Davies G.A.L. , Kisilevsky B.S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBehavior was examined in 28 near term fetuses in the breech versus cephalic position. Breech fetuses had fewer body movements to a vibroacoustic stimulus and more to an airborne sound. These findings raise the possibility of differential perceptual experience before birth. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 530–534, 2008.
From the reaching behavior at 5 months of age to hand preference at preschool age
Authors: Marschik Peter B. , Einspieler Christa , Strohmeier Andrea , Plienegger Johann , Garzarolli Bettina , Prechtl Heinz F.R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the reaching behavior at the age of 5 months, and to determine whether and to what extent there is a relationship between hand use at this age and manual laterality at preschool age. 20 participants (13 girls and 7 boys) were investigated on two occasions: At the age of 5 months we assessed the hand use for reaching for four different objects placed at the infant's body midline or in their right or left hemispaces, respectively. At the age of 5 years and 7 months, we assessed the hand use for 22 motor tasks. The handedness status was calculated in order to reflect the sinistrality‐dextrality continuum. All but one infant were unimanual reachers at 5 months of age. Preferential reaching was space dependent rather than object dependent at this stage. Children reaching for objects in the right hemispace predominantly with their right hand showed a significantly greater right hand laterality at late preschool age than children who at the age of 5 months had shown inconsistent hand use (p < .05). Children who at the age of 5 months had reached for objects in the left hemispace with their left hand proved to be less lateralized in their right hand use approximately 5 years later (p < .05). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 511–518, 2008.
Stimulus contingency and the malleability of species‐typical auditory preferences in Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) hatchlings
Authors: Harshaw Christopher , Tourgeman Isaac P. , Lickliter Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrecocial avian hatchlings are typically highly social and show strong species‐typical preferences for the maternal calls of their own species. The influence of social contingencies on the acquisition of species‐specific preferences has, however, largely been neglected. We found that exposing bobwhite (BW) quail chicks to a Japanese quail (JQ) call contingent on their own vocalizations for 5 min was sufficient to eliminate their species‐typical preference for the BW maternal call. Yoked, noncontingent exposure had no such effect. The introduction of variability to the contingency, but not a lengthening of the training session, was found to engender even higher preferences for the JQ call. Chicks provided with contingent exposure to the JQ call on a variable ratio schedule showed a significant preference for the JQ over the BW maternal call, whereas chicks provided with equivalent fixed ratio exposure did not. These results highlight the role that social interaction and contingency can play in the acquisition and maintenance of species‐specific auditory preferences in precocial avian species. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 460–472, 2008.
Relation of stable hand‐use preferences to the development of skill for managing multiple objects from 7 to 13 months of age
Authors: Kotwica Kathleen A. , Ferre Claudio L. , Michel George F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractExpression of multiple object management skills (manual acquisition and storage of objects) was examined longitudinally at 7, 9, 11, and 13 months for 38 infants (19 females) whose hand use preference was either stable (consistently right or left across the ages) or nonstable (either no hand‐use preference exhibited or inconsistent preference across the ages). Four separate sets of four distinctive objects each were presented singly to the infant's right and left side, with the presentation of each subsequent object contingent on the infant manipulating the previous object. Expression of multiple object management skills significantly increased with age. Infants with stable hand‐use preferences produced more object acquisition and storage acts than those without a stable hand‐use preference. Older infants with stable hand‐use preferences exhibited more “sophisticated” sequences of multiple object management acts than those without. The role of stable hand‐use preference in the development of manual skill and cognition is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 519–529, 2008.
Eigenvalue estimation of dominant electromechanical modes based on synchronous measurement and generator grouping technique
Authors: Hiraiwa Hisayuki , Saitoh Hiroumi , Tsukada Eiichi , Minazawa Kazuo , Toyoda Junichi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe authors have been studying a new approach for modal analysis of large power systems that utilizes GPS‐based synchronous measurement technology. The approach is based on the identification of a linearized multi‐input multi‐output model of power system. Since the identified model expresses approximately the electromechanical dynamics of an actual power system, modal frequencies, dampings, and mode shapes corresponding to electromechanical modes can be estimated as eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the identified model. In the paper, in order to advance our approach to a practical technique, it is mainly discussed how to select a small number of machines suitable for measurement locations to estimate eigenvalues associated with dominant slow modes. Such machines can be detected by identifying coherent groups related to the slow modes. The reference generators that behave representatively in each coherent group are the optimal ones to be measured. Therefore, the slow modes can be obtained by observing one generator from each group. The verification of the new modal analysis and coherency‐based machine selection is done through simulation studies using the IEEJ EAST 10‐machine system model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(4): 24–32, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20428
A solid electrolyte nanometer switch
Authors: Sakamoto Toshitsugu , Kaeriyama Shunichi , Mizuno Masayuki , Kawaura Hisao , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Terabe Kazuya , Aono Masakazu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe have investigated solid electrolyte switches that utilize electrochemical reactions (deposition and dissolution) of metallic ions. The switch turns off or on when a metallic bridge electrochemically forms or dissolves in the solid electrolyte. Each state is nonvolatile and the switching is repeatable up to 105cycles. The promising application is a programmable switch in a field programmable logic because of its small size (<30 nm) and low ON resistance (<100Ω). This paper discusses the electrical characteristics, operation principle, and applications of the solid electrolyte switch. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 68–73, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20542
A new high‐frequency voltage injection method for sensorless drive of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors with pole saliency
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method for salient‐pole permanent‐magnet synchronous motors. In regard to rotor phase estimation, the sensorless vector control method is characterized by a new high‐frequency voltage injection method distinguished from the conventional ones by a unique ellipse shape of the spatial rotation, and by a new PLL method whose input is a high‐frequency current autocorrelated signal. The new vector control method established by two innovative technologies can have the following high‐performance and attractive features: (1) it can allow 250% rated torque at standstill; (2) it can operate from zero to the rated speed under the rated motoring or regenerating load; (3) it accepts instant injection of the rated load even for zero‐speed control; (4) it accommodates a load with huge moment of inertia; (5) phase estimation is very robust against inverter dead time; (6) the computational load for estimating rotor phase is very small, would be the smallest among the methods with comparable performance. This paper presents the new vector control method by focusing on two innovative technologies from its principles to design rules. Usefulness of the new vector control method is verified through extensive experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(4): 62–77, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20632
Novel quick backup function for dispersed power source employing AC/DC converter
Authors: Ohshima Masaaki , Inagaki Katsuhisa , Shinohara Hirofumi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the authors present the system configuration and control scheme of a dispersed power source equipped with quick backup function, which acts as a dispersed power source when no fault exists in a commercial power network and functions as a backup power supply in case of a fault of the network. If a fault, such as a voltage interruption on the network, occurs, the dispersed power source disconnects critical loads from the network in an instant and continues supplying power to the critical loads. We also discuss the method of disconnecting a power network sufficiently quickly when some fault occurs on the network, adopting non‐gate‐turn‐off devices such as thyristors for the AC interconnecting switches. Since it takes only 2 ms to disconnect the loads from a faulted network, there are no negative effects on the loads. Simulations and experimental tests confirm the practicability of the proposed method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 74–81, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20700
TREM2 is upregulated in amyloid plaque‐associated microglia in aged APP23 transgenic mice
Authors: Frank Stefanie , Burbach Guido J. , Bonin Michael , Walter Michael , Streit Wolfgang , Bechmann Ingo , Deller Thomas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid‐β protein which attract dense clusters of microglial cells. Here, we analyzed amyloid plaque‐associated areas in aged APP23 transgenic mice, an animal model of AD, by combining laser microdissection with microarray analysis and quantitative RT‐PCR (qPCR). By comparing gene expression profiles, we found that 538 genes (1.3% of a total of 41,234 analyzed genes) were differentially expressed in plaque‐associated versus plaque‐free tissue of aged APP23 transgenic mice. One of these genes is the microglia‐associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM2) which enhances phagocytosis, but abrogates cytokine production as well as TLR and Fc receptor‐mediated induction of TNF secretion. Western Blot analysis demonstrated an upregulation of TREM2 protein in APP23 transgenic compared with nontransgenic mice. Confocal imaging studies, furthermore, confirmed colocalization of TREM2 protein with microglia. Thus, when TREM2 is induced on microglia in plaque‐loaded brain areas the respective signaling may prevent inflammation‐induced bystander damage of neurons. At the same time, TREM2 signaling may also account for the failure to sufficiently eliminate extracellular amyloid with the help of a systemic immune response. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory ensheathing cells exhibit unique migratory, phagocytic, and myelinating properties in the X‐irradiated spinal cord not shared by Schwann cells
Authors: Lankford Karen L. , Sasaki Masanori , Radtke Christine , Kocsis Jeffery D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough several studies have shown that Schwann cells (SCs) and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) interact differently with central nervous system (CNS) cells in vitro, all classes of adult myelin‐forming cells show poor survival and migration after transplantation into normal CNS. X‐irradiation of the spinal cord, however, selectively facilitates migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), but not SCs, revealing differences in in vivo migratory capabilities that are not apparent in intact tissue. To compare the in vivo migratory properties of OECs and SCs and evaluate the potential of migrating cells to participate in subsequent repair, we first transplanted freshly isolated GFP‐expressing adult rat olfactory bulb‐derived OECs and SCs into normal and X‐irradiated spinal cords. Both OECs and SCs showed limited survival and migration in normal spinal cord at 3 weeks. However, OECs, unlike SCs, migrated extensively in both grey and white matter of the X‐irradiated spinal cord, and exhibited a phagocytic phenotype with OX‐42 staining on their processes. If a X‐irradiated and OEC transplanted spinal cord was then subjected to a focal demyelinating lesion 3 weeks after transplantation, OECs moved into the delayed demyelinated lesion and remyelinated host axons with a peripheral‐like pattern of myelin. These results revealed a clear difference between the migratory properties of OECs and SCs in the X‐irradiated spinal cord and demonstrated that engrafted OECs can participate in repair of subsequent lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of high‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes persistence and risk of residual or recurrent cervical disease after surgical treatment
Authors: Venturoli Simona , Ambretti Simone , Cricca Monica , Leo Elisa , Costa Silvano , Musiani Monica , Zerbini Marialuisa 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe evidence on genotype‐specific risk in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) with normal cytology and the importance of the distinction of high‐risk (HR)‐HPV genotypes in the management of low‐grade lesions suggest that the distinction of HR‐HPV genotypes has the potential to improve the follow‐up of patients treated for high‐grade cervical lesions. The aims of this study were to define the persistence of the different HR‐HPV in the follow‐up of surgical treated women, to detect the changes of genotypes from the pre‐ to the post‐operative status, and to evaluate whether genotype‐specific persistence can predict the development of residual or recurrent disease during the follow‐up. HR‐HPV detection and genotyping was carried out by the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test® on cervical cytological samples from 72 women treated by surgery. The 6‐month post‐operative HPV status was correlated with the pre‐operative HPV genotype and with the residual or recurrent disease within 24 months. It was observed that the residual or recurrent disease in women with persistence of HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 was higher (82.4%) than in women with persistence of at least one HR‐HPV type of group 2 (HPV 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58) (66.7%) and at least one type of group 3 (HPV 39, 51, 56, 59, 68, 26, 53, 66, 73, and 82) (14.3%). These data defined HR‐HPV groups for the risk of progression of disease and suggested that the identification of persistent infection with different HR‐HPV genotypes has the potential to improve the management of these patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:1434–1440, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.