bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global sourcing trends in 2008
Authors: Edgell Jon , Meister Gabriel E. , Stamp Nigel 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to collate Morrison & Foerster's view on the state of the global outsourcing market and their lawyers' experience with a wide range of sourcing projects in a number of geographic and sectoral markets.Design/methodology/approachThe global sourcing trends 2008 report is co‐authored by Morrison & Foerster partners based in Europe, the USA and Asia and edited by the Chair of Morrison & Foerster's Global Sourcing Group. Initially, colleagues in the Global Sourcing Group were surveyed and this team of more than 60 lawyers in the firm's offices around the globe were asked for their observations over the last 12 months, and predictions for the coming months, based on advising on a wide range of sourcing projects in a number of geographic and sectoral markets. Soundings were taken from more than 50 clients from a client base which includes Fortune 100 companies, some of the world's largest financial institutions; public sector organizations; outsourcing service providers; and a range of corporates from diverse industry sectors including media, travel and logistics, insurance, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, and IT. Other advisors in the sector were spoken to also, including many of the leading outsourcing consultancies. Results of this informal survey were then compared with the annual sourcing reports the firm had produced at the start of 2006 and 2007.FindingsThe report finds: an economic slowdown will see a move back towards cost‐driven outsourcing – despite the fact that, over the long term, service‐driven or value‐driven deals tend to deliver more stable, successful relationships. Greater emphasis is seen on post‐signature support, governance, supplier management, and the role of the retained function. As the pharma industry sharpens its focus on the core competencies needed to sustain its pipeline of new drug candidates, increased pharmaceutical outsourcing in 2008 and thereafter is expected to be seen. As all companies seek to reduce their corporate carbon footprint, a greater take up of outsourced services that deliver “Green IT” is expected.Originality/valueThis paper provides a summary of global sourcing trends in 2008, comment on the state of the outsourcing market and some trends to watch out for in 2008.
A great place to live, work and play
Authors: Insch Andrea , Florek Magdalena 
Published: August 2008

PurposeA city's resident population is strategically the most valuable segment among those targeted by place marketing practitioners. Residents' quality of life and their satisfaction with their city of residence should be the ultimate aim of place management. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to develop a conceptualisation of place satisfaction for city residents that can be applied by place managers.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing prior definitions and conceptualisations of the related concepts of quality of life and satisfaction, a model of city resident place satisfaction is presented.FindingsFrom a broad survey of the literature, three main fields were identified that have dealt with satisfaction – psychology, sociology and human ecology, and marketing. Drawing on, and integrating insights from, these separate, yet interrelated fields, the concept of resident place satisfaction is established and then the identified components of the working model of resident place satisfaction are presented.Practical implicationsThe tensions facing place managers in satisfying internal targets' interests are outlined, followed by examples of performance measures and indicators designed to support place managers' complex task of positively shaping the lifestyles of their city inhabitants, workers and pleasure seekers.Originality/valueThe sub‐field of place management and marketing has emerged in the last decade and recognises satisfaction with a place as important, but, as yet, this concept remains theoretically undeveloped. This paper draws on concepts from other, related disciplines to establish the concept of resident place satisfaction as a contribution to the theory and practice of place management.
Place marketing: how did we get here and where are we going?
Authors: Kavaratzis Mihalis , Ashworth Gregory 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper serves two purposes. First, to identify the stages of the historical development of place marketing, because place marketing has developed over time through discrete phases, which differ in their sophistication as well as in their approaches and objectives. Secondly, to identify and articulate significant issues, which will determine the “way forward” for place marketing.Design/methodology/approachPlace marketing has been shaped by developments within marketing science and cognate disciplines but also by the external historical contexts at various spatial scales that determined its assumptions, goals and priorities. A concordance of a number of approaches to the evolution of place marketing is attempted and from this, conclusions are drawn about the current assumptions upon which place marketing is based.FindingsSeven issues are identified that appear to hinder marketing implementation from delivering its full contribution and are suggested here as significant for the future of place marketing. The most important ones refer to the need for a collective understanding and appreciation of place marketing, the achievement of wide cooperation and clear role allocation, the implementation of marketing as a long‐term process and the expansion of marketing understanding to fields other than tourism development.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in the clear articulation of the historical episodes of place marketing development and, at the same time, the identification of the issues mentioned above, which will determine the effectiveness of place marketing practice. Therefore, the paper is of great value to both academic commentators and practitioners of place marketing.
The contestation for, and management of, public places in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Fraser Neil 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the changes to date between the apartheid (ideological) and democratic use and management of public space. The abolition of apartheid laws in urban areas led to a great deal of contestation for space and also to new forms of management of public space.Design/methodology/approachThis paper looks briefly at the background which led to public space being “reserved” on a racial basis. It then examines examples of the contestation for space that developed with the relaxation and, finally, abolition of apartheid legislation. It finally provides and discusses some of the solutions that have developed in both the use and management of public space.FindingsLittle has been practically resolved in relation to contestation over various aspects of urban public space. Where public space interventions have been private sector led, such interventions are not without their own difficulties.Research limitations/implicationsGenerally the paper confines itself to Johannesburg. The paper relies on the personal experience of the author and research of written material – time constraints have not permitted research through questionnaires.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the results to date are summarised and recommendations made for application to other South African towns and cities.Originality/valueRelatively little is available on the practical applications of the subject matter in South Africa. The paper could be of value in developing further debates, both in South Africa and in world cities subject to mass immigration.
Managing a third division city: negative parochialism as a restraint on urban success
Authors: Hallsworth Alan , Evans Simon 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a rare example of the roots of (comparative) urban failure. This acts as counterpoint to the more common preoccupation with investigating how and why some cities become successful.Design/methodology/approachThe main methodology used is a series of in‐depth qualitative interviews with a representative sample of the urban elite of the city being studied. The initial main source of key contacts was the City Centre Management Committee.FindingsAnalysis of the in‐depth qualitative interviews showed that most respondents, whether from the public or private sectors, genuinely believed in, and spontaneously expressed the view, that negative parochialism was a pervasive drag on the future plans and aspirations of city leaders. The findings are triangulated with other evidence that this parochialism has endured for generations.Research limitations/implicationsThough the sample of respondents is small, it does represent a high percentage of the local urban elite. Other forms of data triangulation may be possible and could be helpful in corroborating the findings. Future research should seek to identify other instances of the problem.Practical implicationsNot all cities are highly publicised success stories nor deliver the environment that their residents deserve: but good intentions can be thwarted by negative parochialism. Urbanists need to be aware of the existence of negative parochialism and its implications for urban policy and practice.Originality/valueBy examining a rare‐documented example of the roots of (comparative) urban failure, the findings are of value to all who seek to understand the functioning of policymaking in the urban arena.
Integrating activity‐based costing with simulation and data mining
Authors: Kostakis H. , Sarigiannidis C. , Boutsinas B. , Varvakis K. , Tampakas V. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to present a methodology for activity‐based costing, which combines simulation modeling and association rule mining, one of the core data‐mining techniques. The objective of the proposed methodology is to deal with the problem of defining cost drivers.Design/methodology/approachActivity‐based costing uses the output produced by the simulation of cost drivers as inputs. As opposed to the integration of the ABC technique with simulation modeling, the possibility of estimating an empirical distribution of the simulated cost drivers does not exist in the proposed methodology. This is achieved with the use of data‐mining techniques and is based on the proposition that, if an association is found between a cost driver, whose estimation or calculation is time‐consuming, and another cost driver, which can easily be estimated or calculated, then the latter can lead to the estimation or calculation of the former.FindingsThe extracted association rules correspond to existing dependencies between the cost drivers.Originality/valueThe paper presents a combined methodology to deal with the problem of defining cost drivers in activity‐based costing. An example of the proposed methodology in healthcare is also presented.
Toward a social capital theory of technology‐based new ventures as complex adaptive systems
Authors: Han Mary , McKelvey Bill 
Published: August 2008

PurposeTechnology‐based new ventures (TNVs) – which rely on entrepreneurial activities based on science and technology applications in newly created organizations to be successful – are important to current economic growth and innovation. Past research has looked at the importance of networks and social capital to TNV performance. Yet these studies rarely provide theoretical predictions of the attributes of network ties. This paper aims to bring TNV theory up to date with respect to twenty‐first century adaptation and complexity conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on new developments in complexity science (specifically scalability and scale‐free theories) and long‐standing first principles of efficacious adaptation to develop TNV‐relevant theory offering an alternative perspective on the impact of network ties on the performance of TNV.FindingsIt is argued that TNVs can achieve superior performance by developing and building moderate numbers of short‐term (and thereby weak) network ties. The theorizing calls for a new research agenda pertaining to TNVs, which are delineated. The paper also develops four propositions as part of setting forth an agenda for future research.Originality/valueThe paper updates the entrepreneurship and social network literatures by reshaping them with respect to the nonlinear order‐creation dynamics of complexity theory and scale‐free dynamics of econophysics. It focuses on the aspects of network theory that are especially likely to set in motion the complex adaptive systems dynamics essential to TNV performance. Therefore, the conceptual framework contributes to TNVs as a guide to achieving higher performance, effectiveness, and longevity in a rapidly changing world.
Management earnings forecasts and adverse selection cost: good vs bad news forecast
Authors: Young Baek H. , Kim Dong‐Kyoon , Kim Joung W. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of management earnings forecasts on the level of information asymmetry around subsequent earnings announcement.Design/methodology/approachEmploying the adverse selection cost method suggested by George et al., the paper compares for each sample firm the adverse selection cost around earnings announcement in forecasting years with that in non‐forecasting years.FindingsConsistent with Diamond and Verrecchia is the finding that the earnings announcement in non‐forecasting years decreases information asymmetry during a three‐day announcement period and increases in a post‐announcement period up to seven days. No significant change in information asymmetry between pre‐ and post‐announcement periods when firms released a “good” news forecast is found. The firms that previously released a “bad” news forecast experience a significantly lower information asymmetry than those that did not forecast during announcement or post‐announcement days, and experience a decrease in information asymmetry in a five to seven‐day post‐announcement period.Originality/valueThis paper provides the first empirical reports on the different information asymmetry changes around earnings announcements followed by a “good” news management forecast from those followed by a “bad” news forecast.
Predicting business failure under the existence of fraudulent financial reporting
Authors: Liou Fen‐May , Yang Chien‐Hui 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to stress the importance of detecting financial frauds in predicting business failures disclosed by the unexpected financial crisis brought by Enron, Worldcom and other corporate distresses involving accounting irregularities.Design/methodology/approachThe most frequently used methodologies in predicting business failures, discriminant analysis and neural network (NN) (based on the Kolmogorov‐Gabor polynomial Volterra series algorithm) are used. This paper suggests a two‐stage NN procedure: the first stage detected the false financial statements, which were excluded from samples that used to predict the business failures at the second stage. The one‐stage discriminant analysis and the NN model are used to contrast the two‐stage approach in terms of accuracy rate.FindingsThe one‐stage NN model has a higher accuracy rate in identifying failed firms than the discriminant analysis, while the two‐stage NN approach has an even higher accuracy rate than the one‐stage NN model.Practical implicationsDetecting the fraudulent reporting in advance can effectively improve the accuracy rate of business failure predictions.Originality/valueThe paper draws attention to the importance of excluding fraudulent financial reporting to increase the accuracy rate in predicting business failures.
Understanding employees' reactions to supervisors' influence behaviors
Authors: Michela John L. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis study seeks to demonstrate that employees' reactions to their supervisors' influence behaviors are governed by meanings inferred from the behaviors. Another aim is to develop a method in which “weights” for predicting employees' reactions are assigned using mean ratings of perceptions of the features and social/organizational implications of the influence behaviors.Design/methodology/approachEmployees of an energy utility completed survey questionnaires concerning the extent of their supervisors' use of specified influence tactics. Employees' organizational commitment, supervisor commitment, turnover intention, and stress also were surveyed. A separate, community sample rated the influence tactics for dimensions of meaning or implications of the tactics. Data from the two samples were combined in a novel arithmetic scoring procedure as one of several analyses looking for evidence of the specified dimensions' effects.FindingsThe study finds that employees' work attitudes and other outcomes were predicted to a statistically significant degree by dimensional, perceptual characterizations of the influence tactics used by their supervisors. In culminating multiple regression analyses, respectfulness was associated with supervisor commitment, turnover intention, and emotional distress; directness was associated with organizational commitment. Additional analyses indicated that other dimensions of meaning also were associated with outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe meanings of supervisors' influence behaviors are somewhat culture‐specific, so the generalizability of findings to other cultures is uncertain. However, the central role of social inferences in reactions to supervisors' influence behaviors may be replicable to other cultures if culture‐specific content or ratings are substituted there. This research also has the usual limitations of cross‐sectional, correlational research.Practical implicationsIn their interactions with employees, managers and supervisors should be aware that their influence behaviors, collectively, generate reactions that are significant for employees' motivation and well‐being. Supervisory behaviors and work contexts should be managed so that employees will infer that their supervisors are showing respect and are being honest and direct.Originality/valueProcesses previously assumed to intervene between supervisory influence behavior and employee reactions were operationalized and demonstrated. Novel methods were developed for this research, and these methods may also be applicable to other research domains that involve sets of behaviors that parallel existing schemes for influence behavior.
Individual and collective knowledge
Authors: Hine Damian Charles , Helmersson Helge , Mattsson Jan 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the need in biotechnology to integrate a variety of knowledge bases to build the intellectual asset base of the commercial entity operating in the biotechnology industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based upon a single case study of a young biotechnology company, itself relying on the knowledge and expertise of four directors. To analyze the responses of the four directors to a single lead question, designed to prompt the respondents to articulate the intellectual capital they offer to the firm, this study employs a novel text analytical tool known asPerspective Text Analysis(Pertex).Research limitations/implicationsThe results show the disparate nature of the individual knowledge sets in contributing to the interdisciplinary base of the firm. The combined analysis illustrates the importance of collective intellectual capital through “sustainable collaboration.”Originality/valueThis study employs a novel analytical tool to undertake an analysis of both individual intellectual capital and collective interdisciplinary contribution using data from a single question. Pertex is a valuable tool in analyzing the intentionality of a respondent by cutting through to the true essence of their response.
Identification of serine 205 as a site of phosphorylation on Pax3 in proliferating but not differentiating primary myoblasts
Authors: Miller Patrick J. , Dietz Kevin N. , Hollenbach Andrew D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPax3, a member of the paired class homeodomain family of transcription factors, is essential for early skeletal muscle development. Previously, others and we have shown that the stability of Pax3 is regulated on a post‐translational level. Evidence in the literature and from our laboratory suggests that phosphorylation, a common form of regulation, may play a role. However, at present, the sites of Pax3 phosphorylation are not known. We demonstrate here the first evidence that Pax3 exists as a phosphoprotein in proliferating mouse primary myoblasts. Using an in vitro kinase assay, deletion, and point mutant analysis, we conclusively identify Ser205 as a site of phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of Ser205 on endogenously expressed Pax3 was confirmed in vivo using antibodies specific for phosphorylation at Ser205. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that the phosphorylation status of endogenous Pax3 changes rapidly upon the induction of myogenic differentiation. The presence of phosphorylation in a region of Pax3 important for mediating protein–protein interactions, and the fact that phosphorylation is lost upon induction of differentiation, allow for speculation on the biological relevance of phosphorylation.
Do past experience and competitive ability influence foraging strategies of parasitoids under interspecific competition?
Authors: LE LANN CECILE , OUTREMAN YANNICK , VAN ALPHEN JACQUES J. M. , KRESPI LILIANE , PIERRE JEAN‐SEBASTIEN , VAN BAAREN JOAN 
Published: August 2008

Abstract1. In solitary parasitoids, several species can exploit the same host patch and competition could potentially be a strong selective agent as only one individual can emerge from a host. In cereal crops,Aphidius rhopalosiphiandA. ervishare the grain aphidSitobion avenaeas host.2. The present work studied foraging strategies of both species on patches already exploited by the other species. The study analysed larval competition in multi‐parasitised hosts and compared the foraging behaviour of females with and without previous experience.3. It was found thatA. erviwins larval competition three times more often thanA. rhopalosiphi. Both species spent less time on patches exploited by a heterospecific than on unexploited ones. When they foraged on heterospecifically exploited patches, experienced females induced less mortality in aphids than inexperienced ones.4. AlthoughA. rhopalosiphiis a specialist on cereal aphids and is the most abundant species due to its early appearance in the season,S. avenaeis still a profitable host forA. ervi, because: (i)A. rhopalosiphileaves patches partially exploited, (ii)A. erviwins larval competition in three out of four multi‐parasitised hosts, and (iii)A. erviis only slightly deterred by the cornicular secretions of the host and can thus easily parasitise hosts.