bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydropeaking impact on a riparian ground beetle community
Authors: Looy Kris Van , Jochems Hans , Vanacker Stijn , Lommelen Els 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Common Meuse reach is strongly influenced by the operation of a hydropower plant at the upstream weir of Lixhe, especially during periods of low flow. Ecologically based in‐stream flow requirements and fluctuation thresholds have already been determined for this reach by reconstruction of the natural discharge course from historic and actual reference conditions. Nevertheless, more evidence from the present biota at risk has been demanded. This study therefore attempts to define boundary conditions for the low flow regime from the analysis of riparian ground beetles in this river reach. To achieve this, reference conditions for the hydroregime aspects of flow variation were determined. Then, using the habitat templet approach, the hydropeaking pressure was related to biological quality elements. Finally, after detecting the impact on the specific gravel bar ground beetles, thresholds and boundary conditions were determined for the hydropeaking pressure in peak velocity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating value in the face of declining performance: firm strategies and organizational recovery
Authors: Morrow J. L. , Sirmon David G. , Hitt Michael A. , Holcomb Tim R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFirms that have failed to meet the performance expectations of investors must seek new ways of creating value or face the loss of financial support. Using resource‐based arguments, we find that valuable and difficult‐to‐imitate strategies that recombine the firm's existing stock of resources to create new products, processes, or technologies have a positive effect on organizational recovery as measured by investors' expectations. Similarly, acquiring new resources through mergers or acquisitions also has positive effects on investors' expectations. In contrast, valuable and difficult‐to‐imitate strategies that provide the firm with access to new resources through alliances or joint ventures do not affect investors' expectations of performance. We also find that taking actions that are not valuable and difficult‐to‐imitate either have no effect on performance or may lead to further performance declines. Lastly, our results show that valuable and difficult‐to‐imitate strategic actions that use existing resources in new ways contribute the most to organizational recovery. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First Farmers: the Origins of Agricultural Societies, by Peter Bellwood. Malden (MA): Blackwell, 2005; ISBN 0-631-20565-9 hardback £60; ISBN 0-631-20566-7 paperback £17.99, xix+360 pp., 59 figs., 3 tables
Authors: Bellwood Peter , Gamble Clive , Le Blanc Steven A. , Pluciennik Mark , Richards Martin , Terrell John Edward 
Published: February 2007

There can be no doubt that Peter Bellwood's First Farmers is a major new statement which presents a robustly expressed solution to one of those classic problems which provides a benchmark for theorization and justifies archaeology as a field. But agreement stops there. Few academic books published recently have evoked such highly charged reactions. On the one hand, First Farmers has impressed many critics, reached audiences far afield from traditional archaeological readerships, and garnered major book awards from professional bodies such as the Society for American Archaeology. On the other hand, it has been subjected to a level of concerted criticism rare in the academic world. As the reviews below show, it has clearly hit a nerve; the gloves are off.First Farmers polarizes scholars in complex ways. Much recent work on agricultural origins, particularly in Europe, has had a strongly indigenist and particularistic tone, averse to mass movements of peoples and ‘grand narratives’ in general. But even advocates of grand narrative in general may take exception to Bellwood's ‘language dispersals’ thesis. Similarly, the very attempt to bring together linguistic, genetic and archaeological data in an account of the past is controversial to some, but even those who aspire to this kind of interdisciplinary synthesis rarely agree on how it can be carried out.Neither the book nor its critics here are likely to be the last word on the subject. But whether one agrees with it or not, First Farmers is a welcome addition to the agricultural origins scene, which, at least in Europe, has been evolving over the last two decades towards a sort of eclectic middle-ground consensus in which difference of opinion is accommodated by eschewing bold generalization.
Isolation and initial culture of porcine inner cell masses derived fromin vitro-produced blastocysts
Authors: Kim H-S. , Son H-Y. , Kim S. , Lee G-S. , Park C-H. , Kang S-K. , Lee B-C. , Hwang W-S. , Lee C-K. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to isolate and culture inner cell mass (ICM) primarily derived fromin vitro-produced blastocysts and to develop the culture conditions for the ICM cells. In Experiment 1, immunosurgically isolated ICMs of blastocysts derived fromin vitrofertilization (IVF), somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or parthenogenetic activation (PA) were seeded onto STO cells. Primary colonies from each isolated ICM were formed with a ratio of 28.9, 30.0 and 4.9%, respectively. In Experiment 2, blastocysts collected from IVF were directly seeded onto a feeder layer with or without zona pellucida (ZP), or were subjected to ICM isolation by immunosurgery. Primary colonies were formed in 36.8% of isolated ICMs and 19.4% in intact blastocysts without ZP. In Experiment 3, ICMs from IVF blastocysts were seeded onto STO cells, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) or porcine uterine epithelial cells (PUEC). On STO and MEF cells, 34.5 and 22.2% of primary colonies were formed, respectively. However, no primary colony was formed on the PUEC or in feeder-free condition. In Experiment 4, ICMs from IVF blastocysts were cultured in DMEM + Ham's F10 (D/H medium), DMEM + NCSU-23 (D/N medium) or DMEM alone. When D/H medium or D/N medium was used, 21.7 or 44.4% of primary colony were formed, respectively, while no primary colony was formed in DMEM alone. These cells showed alkaline phosphatase activity and could be maintained for up to five passages. In suspension culture, cells formed embryoid bodies. These results demonstrate that porcine ICM could be isolated and cultured primarily fromin vitro-produced blastocysts with a suitable culture system.
Trends in food availability determined by the Food and Agriculture Organization's food balance sheets in Mediterranean Europe in comparison with other European areas
Authors: Balanza Rafael , García-Lorda Pilar , Pérez-Rodrigo Carmen , Aranceta Javier , Bonet Mònica Bulló , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess the changes that have occurred in food patterns in Europe over the last 40 years based on food availability data and to compare the stability of the traditional Mediterranean diet in the south of Europe in this period.DesignAn ecological study carried out on the basis of Food and Agriculture Organization food balance sheets for three geographical areas of Europe (Mediterranean, north and east) over two time periods: 1961–1963 and 1998–2000. The average availability of total energy, energy provided from macronutrients and food groups was calculated for each area and each period studied.ResultsOver the last 40 years total energy availability and energy availability from lipids have increased considerably in the three European areas, while the percentage of energy from carbohydrates has fallen. The greatest changes have occurred in Mediterranean Europe, with an increase of 20.1% in total energy availability, an increase of 48.1% in energy availability from lipids and a fall of 20.5% from carbohydrates. Moreover, Mediterranean Europe showed a significant fall in the energy supplied by cereals (29.9%) and wine (55.2%), while the contribution of milk (77.8%) and dairy products (23.6%) increased.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that European Mediterranean countries should take nutrition policy action to maintain their traditional healthy food pattern, with a cultural added value. This implies actions at all levels, including raising awareness of consumers, collaboration with the food sector and a call to set the agenda of the concerned politicians and stakeholders.
Secular trends in the association of socio-economic position with self-reported dietary attributes and biomarkers in the US population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1971–1975 to NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Kant Ashima K , Graubard Barry I 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveRecent reports suggest persistence of health disparities related to socio-economic position (SEP). To understand if diet may be a contributor to these trends, we examined secular trends in the association of diet and indicators of SEP from 1971–1975 to 1999–2002.DesignWe used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) I (1971–1975), II (1976–1980), III (1988–1994) and 1999–2002 to examine the independent associations of poverty income ratio (PIR) and education with diet and biomarkers of diet and disease in 25–74-year-olds (n = 36 600). We used logistic and linear regression methods to adjust for multiple covariates and survey design to examine these associations.ResultsA large PIR differential in the likelihood of reporting a fruit or all five food groups and vitamin C intake, and an education differential in likelihood of obesity and carbohydrate intake, was noted in 1971–1975 but narrowed in 1999–2002 (P < 0.007). The positive association of education with intake of a fruit, vegetable or all five food groups, vitamins A and C, calcium and potassium intake remained unchanged across surveys (P < 0.001). Similarly, the positive association of PIR with the amount of foods and intakes of energy and potassium remained unchanged over three decades (P < 0.001). The education and the PIR differential in energy density, and the PIR differential in the likelihood of obesity, persisted over the period of the four surveys (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPersistence of unfavourable dietary and biomarker profiles in Americans with low income and education suggests continued need for improvement in the quality of diets of these high-risk groups.
Oral valganciclovir as preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus infection post allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Busca A. , De Fabritiis P. , Ghisetti V. , Allice T. , Mirabile M. , Gentile G. , Locatelli F. , Falda M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Antiviral compounds including ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are routinely used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease; however, these agents have a poor oral bioavailability and have the inconvenience and expense of intravenous administration.Aim of the study. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral valganciclovir (VGCV) for preemptive treatment of CMV reactivation in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Patients and methods. We treated 15 patients receiving allogeneic HSCT from related (n=9) or unrelated (n=6) donors. In all patients, either the donor, host, or both were CMV Ig G positive pretransplant. Indication for therapy was preemptive treatment of CMV infection defined as one or two consecutive positive tests of pp65 antigenemia assay or CMV‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). VGCV was administered orally in a dosage of 900 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks, followed by 450 mg b.i.d. for 2 additional weeks.Results. Patients developed a positive CMV‐PCR after a median of 52 days (range 37–427) post HSCT and a positive pp65 antigenemia after a median time of 74 days (range 37–427) post HSCT. Preemptive treatment with VGCV was started a median time of 56 days (range 37–429) after transplant. In all, 11 patients (73%) completed the 28 days of therapy with VGCV. All patients showed a complete clearance of the virus. The median time to achieve a negative CMV‐PCR was 6 days (range 4–18). A relapse of CMV infection after VGCV preemptive therapy occurred in 6 patients (40%). No patient developed early or late CMV disease. Six patients (40%) presented hematological toxicity including neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia that required drug discontinuation in 4 cases.Conclusion. VGCV administered as preemptive therapy for CMV infection in patients receiving an allogeneic HSCT showed promise for treating this frequent complication. Prospective randomized studies in this setting are mandatory to yield more definitive results.
Invasive adenoviral infections in T‐cell‐depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: high mortality in the era of cidofovir
Authors: Symeonidis N. , Jakubowski A. , Pierre‐Louis S. , Jaffe D. , Pamer E. , Sepkowitz K. , O'Reilly R.J. , Papanicolaou G.A. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Background. Adenovirus (ADV) infection occurs in 5–21% of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Symptomatic enteritis and hemorrhagic cystitis may be encountered but are seldom fatal. In contrast, mortality rates of up to 75% are reported for adenoviral pneumonia or hepatitis. Cidofovir is currently being increasingly used for treatment of adenoviral infections after HSCT. The efficacy of cidofovir in patients with invasive adenoviral infection is not established.Findings. We reviewed 687 adult and pediatric patients who received allogeneic HSCT at our institution from 1998 through June 2005. ADV was isolated from 64 (9.3%) patients. Eleven patients received cidofovir for invasive disease occurring at median 39 days (range 3–145) post HSCT. The median age was 40 (range 6–61) years. Seventy‐three percent received a T‐cell‐depleted graft and 18% had grade 3–4 graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the gut. Three out of 3 (100%) patients with adenoviral pneumonia died. One patient with hepatitis, cholecysitis, and viremia cleared the infection after 3 months. Two out of 7 (28.6%) patients with hemorrhagic colitis or cystitis died of ADV (1 with extensive GVHD).Conclusion. Mortality rates of ADV pneumonitis after allogeneic HSCT remain high in the era of cidofovir. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate management strategies for this life‐threatening infection.
Determination of Oestrous Cycle of the Rats by Direct Examination: How Reliable?
Authors: Yener T. , Turkkani Tunc A. , Aslan H. , Aytan H. , Cantug Caliskan A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryFor determination of the oestrous cycle in rats classical Papanicolaou technique has long been used successfully. Instead of using many stains in Papanicolaou, staining the vaginal secretions with only methylene blue has also been defined. Recently a new technique in which vaginal samples are directly examined under light microscope has been introduced. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of this new technique by comparing it with the classical staining techniques. From 20 Wistar rats 60 vaginal samples were collected with a micropipette, three from each. Briefly, the vagina was flushed two to three times then the fluid was placed onto a glass slide. The fluid was equally distributed onto three glass slides. The glass slides were coded. Two samples were stained with Papanicoloau and methylene blue while the other one was examined directly. Determination of the phases of the oestrous cycle was made by the same histologist who was blinded to the groups and coding system. After determination of the oestrous phase in all samples, the results were compared and it was found that the results were matching. In conclusion, the same results can be obtained with the direct examination technique and this technique is reliable, so there is no need to use relatively time‐consuming, less practical and more expensive techniques such as Papanicolaou or methylene blue.
Feelings of anger among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tabak Nili , Ehrenfeld Mally , Alpert Rachel 
Published: February 2007

Tabak N, Ehrenfeld M, Alpert R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 84–88 Feelings of anger among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease The purpose of this article is to examine the caregiver’s feelings of anger, the causes of these feelings as described by the caregivers and their reactions. Twenty female caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients participated in a support group at a psychogeriatric centre for 3 years. The group was directed by a registered nurse and a social worker. Frequently, anger was raised as a major issue in the caregiving. The group directors constructed two models that emerged from the support group’s meetings. The first model showed the sources of the anger felt by the caregivers and the second model showed coping strategies. The caregivers said that the most infuriating behaviours of patients Alzheimer’s disease were: aggressive behaviour, sleeplessness and verbal or behavioural repetition. The caregiver’s reactions to the two models are discussed in this paper together with their feelings, which expressed by the women in their own words.
Discovering nursing students’ understandings about aseptic technique
Authors: G Jane 
Published: February 2007

Davey JG. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 105–110 Discovering nursing students’ understandings about aseptic technique This phenomenographic study explored understandings about aseptic technique held by second year undergraduate nurses. Data analysis revealed a range of understandings about aseptic technique from simple to complex, referred to here as global, procedural and principled. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to safe and effective nursing practice.
Nursing, a bridge to peace in our region: Opinions on mutual co‐operation between Israeli and Palestinian professional nurses and nurse educators
Authors: Raviv Dennie , Bourgstein Dorothy , Kaplan Ruth 
Published: February 2007

Raviv D, Bourgstein D, Kaplan R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 159–165 Nursing: A bridge to peace in our region The purpose of this study was to assess the activities and future direction of mutual co‐operation of professional nurses from Israel and Judea and Samaria. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants, nurse educators and professional nurses from Judea and Samaria who were attending a workshop in clinical instruction at the Assaf HaRofeh School of Nursing, in Israel. Most of the nurses polled were interested in continued educational dialogue and expanded educational programmes in various nursing specialties both in education and service. The areas that received priority included: intensive care, operating room and emergency room nursing. Areas that received lower priorities included; midwifery, geriatrics and nephrology nursing. The participants expressed positive reactions to continued joint educational activities such as full length courses, workshops, day seminars and joint educational projects. The results showed an overwhelming interest for continued professional ties. Areas in the fields of clinical expertise and nursing education reflected the needs of their respective communities.
The elderly adult in the emergency department
Authors: Oates Jennifer , Heslop Liza , Boord Noreen 
Published: February 2007

Oates J, Heslop L, Boord N. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 166–172 The elderly adult in the emergency department Over 65‐year olds were nominated by emergency staff at a Melbourne regional hospital as a patient group of particular concern. With nurse academics from Monash University, a collaborative study was undertaken of elderly patients and the circumstances of their attendance. The focus of the study was on those elderly patients who were triaged as non‐acute and who may have been disadvantaged by the priority given to acute cases. The triage records obtained over a 5 month period were analyzed, and a survey administered to selected patients. Over 65‐year olds were found to constitute 19% of incoming patients. They figured more prominently in urgent triage categories than those under 65 years of age, were more likely to be referred by a health professional, and more likely to be admitted or transferred. There was no evidence to suggest slower progress through the emergency department for the non‐acute elderly than for their counterparts under 65 years of age.
Breaking a social silence: Registered nurses share their stories about tertiary nursing education
Authors: Glass Nel E 
Published: February 2007

Glass N. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 173–177 Breaking the silence: Registered nurses share their stories about tertiary nursing education This research presents some of the qualitative findings from a mixed methods study exploring the personal and professional effects of tertiary education for post registration women nurses. The researcher combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The specific methods employed were survey questionnaire, ‘journalling’ and interviews. The results demonstrated that the participants were able to identify and verbalise personal and professional experiences associated with tertiary study, through multiple voices. A distinctive theme of empowerment emerged in their stories. However, by sharing their stories, it was evident that encounters in their lives were enmeshed with dialectical relationships. In conclusion, the associated tension that characterized their personal and professional relationships, indicated that these women could not control their social worlds and that their experiences were integrally linked to their engendered nature.
The specialist learning disability nurse in Wales
Authors: Fisher Mick 
Published: February 2007

Fisher M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 188–190 The specialist learning disability nurse in Wales This paper reflects on the development of services for people with learning disabilities within the United Kingdom and focuses on the role of the specialist nurse. The nurse’s contribution to the care of this client group has been the subject of debate and controversy for a number of years. Developments within the learning disability field in Wales in particular are explored, with the All Wales Strategy for People with Learning Disabilities providing the background and context for these developments. An example of how specialist nurses from around Wales came together in order to share good and best practice is discussed. The conclusion is that the specialist learning disability nurse has a great deal to offer, but must be prepared to work together with other professionals as well as service users and their families.