bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic data replication in LCG 2008
Authors: Nicholson C. , Cameron D. G. , Doyle A. T. , Millar A. P. , Stockinger K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo provide performance access to data from high‐energy physics experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), controlled replication of files among grid sites is required. Dynamic, automated replication in response to jobs may also be useful and has been investigated using the grid simulator OptorSim. In this paper, results are presented from simulations of the LHC Computing Grid in 2008, in a physics analysis scenario. These show, first, that dynamic replication does give improved job throughput; second, that for this complex grid system, simple replication strategies such as Least Recently Used and Least Frequently Used are as effective as more advanced economic models; third, that grid site policies that allow maximum resource sharing are more effective; and lastly, that dynamic replication is particularly effective when data access patterns include some files being accessed more often than others, such as with a Zipf‐like distribution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of Noise‐Triggered Chaotic Emissions in an NMR‐Maser
Authors: Marion Denis J.‐Y. , Huber Gaspard , Berthault Patrick , Desvaux Hervé 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report a new phenomenon observed when the magnetization of dissolved hyperpolarized 129Xe is intense and opposite to the Boltzmann magnetization. Without radio‐frequency (rf) excitation, the system spontaneously emits a series of rf bursts characterized by very narrow bandwidths (0.03 Hz at 138 MHz). This chaotic NMR‐maser illustrates the increase in the complexity of spin dynamics at high magnetization levels by unveiling an inhomogeneous spatial organization of the xenon magnetization and an apparent dependence of the xenon transverse relaxation time on its polarization and/or on time.
Discovery and characterization of three novel synuclein genes in zebrafish
Authors: Sun Zhihui , Gitler Aaron D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe neuronal protein α‐synuclein has been linked to the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, a collection of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. α‐Synuclein belongs to a family of synuclein genes that includes β‐ and γ‐synuclein. However, despite being associated with several fatal human neurodegenerative diseases, little is known about the normal function of synucleins. Here we report the cloning and characterization of three synucleins from zebrafish, sncga, sncgb, and sncb. The sequences of these zebrafish synucleins are very similar to those of the human proteins. We used whole‐mount in situ hybridization to analyze their spatial and temporal expression patterns during development. sncgb was expressed exclusively in the notochord, while sncga and sncb were expressed strongly in the nervous system. Our identification of synuclein genes in zebrafish and the characterization of their expression patterns will facilitate future experiments aimed at assessing their functions in normal physiology as well as their role in pathophysiology. Developmental Dynamics 237:2490–2495, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polycomb group gene expression in the sea urchin
Authors: Gustafson Eric A. , Wessel Gary M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEmbryonic development in metazoan animals involves a remarkable degree of both genetic and epigenetic regulation. Polycomb group (PcG) genes are essential for initiation and maintenance of epigenetic developmental regulation. This report identifies homologous PcG genes representing the core components of three known Polycomb repressive complexes in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Quantitative, temporal, and spatial analyses revealed two significant aspects of their transcript expression during embryonic development. First, almost all showed a localized expression pattern in mesenchyme blastula and gastrula‐stage embryos. As the embryo specifies its three germ layers, it may require its PcG gene transcripts to remain in localized stem cell populations, but turn‐over in differentiating tissues. Second, their transcript levels gradually decreased during larval pluteus stages. This finding is consistent with progressive cell differentiation in the embryo. Taken together, these results suggest that PcG genes are conserved in S. purpuratus and are actively expressed during early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 237:1851–1861, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coordination of development and metabolism in the pre‐midblastula transition zebrafish embryo
Authors: Mendelsohn Bryce A. , Gitlin Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo define the mechanisms that coordinate early embryonic development and metabolism, we have examined the response of zebrafish embryos to anoxia before the midblastula transition. Our findings reveal that anoxic pre‐midblastula transition embryos slow the cell cycle, arrest before the midblastula transition and can recover normally if restored to a normoxic environment. Analyses of respiratory rates reveal that pre‐midblastula transition embryos are less reliant on oxidative phosphorylation than older embryos. Interestingly, arrest in anoxia occurs despite inhibition of zygotic transcription, revealing a central role for maternal factors in the response to energy limitation. Consistent with this concept, we demonstrate that the posttranslational energy‐sensing AMP‐activated protein kinase pathway is activated in anoxia in pre‐midblastula transition embryos. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a maternal program capable of coordinating developmental rate and metabolism in the absence of transcription‐based pathways or cell cycle checkpoints. Developmental Dynamics 237:1789–1798, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of canonical Wnt inhibition in the neurogenic cortex, hippocampus, and premigratory dentate gyrus progenitor pool
Authors: Solberg Nina , Machon Ondrej , Krauss Stefan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCanonical Wnt signaling is crucial for the correct development of both cortical and hippocampal structures in the dorsal telencephalon. In this study, we examined the role of the canonical Wnt signaling in the dorsal telencephalon of mouse embryos at defined time periods by inhibition of the pathway with ectopic expression of Dkk1. Transgenic mice with the D6‐driven Dkk1 gene exhibited reduced canonical Wnt signaling in the cortex and hippocampus. As a result, all hippocampal fields were reduced in size. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was severely reduced both in the premigratory and migratory progenitor pool. The lower number of progenitors in the dentate gyrus was not rescued after migration to the subgranular zone and thus the dentate gyrus lacked the entire internal blade and a part of the external blade from postnatal to adult stages. Developmental Dynamics 237:1799–1811, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetry in a pterobranch hemichordate and the evolution of left–right patterning
Authors: Sato Atsuko , Holland Peter W.H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo investigate the possible origin of vertebrate asymmetry, we reexamined the long‐described asymmetry of pterobranch hemichordates, a group of tiny, mostly colonial marine filter feeders. As first described over a century ago, we found left–right (LR) asymmetry in localization of the gonad. However, contrary to early descriptions, the direction of asymmetry is random, displaying antisymmetry rather than directional asymmetry. We found that the direction of gonad localization is significantly related to the shape of the tube in which the zooid lives. We also reexamined other anatomical features described to have directional asymmetry, the shape of the oral lamella and localization of the gonopore; however, we did not confirm asymmetry in these examples. Together with previous studies, our results suggest that hemichordates have undergone degeneration in the precision of asymmetry from an ancestral asymmetrical condition that existed before the divergence of deuterostomes. Developmental Dynamics 237:3634–3639, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression cloning in Xenopus identifies RNA‐binding proteins as regulators of embryogenesis and Rbmx as necessary for neural and muscle development
Authors: Dichmann Darwin S. , Fletcher Russell B. , Harland Richard M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe have performed an expression cloning screen in Xenopus laevis with the aim of isolating novel gene activities from the neural plate. Of 8,064 clones screened, we isolated 61 clones that affected either neural plate patterning or tadpole morphology. Of these, 20 clones encoded RNA binding proteins, and the majority of these are heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) or SR‐proteins, which are associated with alternative splicing. All of these genes are expressed in the nervous system, and in several cases specific to neural tissue. Injecting mRNA encoding these proteins results in neural plate mispatterning and abnormal muscle segmentation. To initiate characterization of these proteins, we selected Rbmx as a candidate for deeper analysis. Using morpholino mediated knockdown, we show that Rbmx is necessary for normal anterior neural plate patterning, neurogenesis, neural crest development, and muscle segmentation. Developmental Dynamics 237:1755–1766, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Underweight eating disorder without over‐evaluation of shape and weight: Atypical anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo , Calugi Simona , Marchesini Giulio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:Underweight patients with eating disorder not otherwise specified without the over‐evaluation of shape and weight (EDNOS‐W) represent a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to evaluate their clinical characteristics and treatment outcome, compared with anorexia nervosa (AN) cases.Method:Eighty‐eight consecutive patients (81 females; age range 13–50 years, 71 AN, and 17 EDNOS‐W) were studied. The differential diagnosis of AN and EDNOS‐W was based on the eating disorder examination.Results:Compared with AN, EDNOS‐W cases had a milder eating disorder psychopathology, but no differences in anthropometric and clinical data. The response to inpatient cognitive behavioral treatment was good and similar between groups, and no differences in the dropout rate or time‐to‐dropout were observed. The normalization of body weight in EDNOS‐W cases was not associated with the appearance of the over‐evaluation of shape and weight.Conclusion:The data gives preliminary support to the proposal to include EDNOS‐W in the diagnosis of AN. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Summary of ‘Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children’
Authors: Milne Andrea 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Matheson NJ, Harnden AR, Perera R, Sheikh A, Symmonds‐Abrahams M. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002744. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002744.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Tips and Tricks for Understanding and Using SR Results—no. 10: intention to treat analysis
Authors: Hooton Nicola , Sumamo Elizabeth , Liang Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis tenth article on ‘Tips and tricks for Understanding and using SR Results’ in Evidence‐Based Child Health, like the previous ones, is aimed at helping readers to understand the results of systematic reviews and to use the results in clinical practice. This time, we focus on intention to treat analysis and the relevance to Cochrane systematic reviews. The information in this article is based on earlier papers, the Cochrane Handbook and the collective experience of the authors in writing systematic reviews. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea’
Authors: Milne Andrea 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Johnston BC, Supina AL, Ospina M, Vohra S. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004827. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD004827.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea’
Authors: Day A. S. , Lemberg D. A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Johnston BC, Supina AL, Ospina M, Vohra S. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004827. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD004827.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Offringa M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Johnston BC, Supina AL, Ospina M, Vohra S. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004827. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents’
Authors: Grootenhuis Martha A. , Last Bob F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Uman LS, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Kisely S. Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005179. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005179.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: van de Beek D, de Gans J, McIntyre P, Prasad K. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004405. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD004405.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Recombinant growth hormone for idiopathic short stature in children and adolescents’, with a response from the review authors
Authors: van Trotsenburg A. S. Paul , Delemarre‐van de Waal Henriette A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Bryant J, Baxter L, Cave CB, Milne R. Recombinant growth hormone for idiopathic short stature in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004440. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004440.pub2Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis’
Authors: Fabian Michael Clifford 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Harvey R, Hannan SA, Badia L, Scadding G. Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006394. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD006394.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Harvey R, Hannan SA, Badia L, Scadding G. Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006394. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006394.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Reciprocal function of Gαi2 and Gαi3 in graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Jin Yong Zhu , Thompson Brian D. , Zhou Zho Yan , Fu Yineng , Birnbaumer Lutz , Wu Mei X. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study delineates specific functions of Gαi2 and Gαi3 in T cell mobilization during the development of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and reveals reciprocal effects of these two G proteins on the onset and morbidity of the disease. A deletion of Gαi2 hampered trafficking of pathogenic T cells from secondary lymphoid tissues to inflammatory sites and sufficiently prevented GVHD. In contrast, a severer disease was induced in mice adoptively transferred with Gαi3‐deficient T cells than those mice transferred with wild‐type T cells. In agreement with this, pathogenic Gαi2–/– T cells displayed a defect in response to CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5, whereas lack of Gαi3 augmented T effector cell chemotaxis induced by CXCL10 and CXCL11 and resulted in their preference of homing to the liver and colon. Absence of either Gαi also abrogated sphingosince‐1‐phosphate (S1P)‐mediated inhibition of T cell chemokinesis and facilitated T cell homing and expansion in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes at the early phase of GVHD development, which is another key determinant in the severity and early onset of the disease in the mice infused with Gαi3–/– T cells. These observations underscore interplay between Gαi2 and Gαi3 and potentially provide a novel strategy to prevent GVHD by blocking T cell homing at early stages and T effector cell trafficking at later time points.
Activation of invariant NKT cells enhances the innate immune response and improves the disease course in influenza A virus infection
Authors: Ho Ling‐Pei , Denney Laura , Luhn Kerstin , Teoh Denise , Clelland Colin , McMichael Andrew J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells have an indubitable role in antiviral immunity, although the mechanisms by which these cells exert their functions are not fully elucidated. With the emerging importance of high‐pathogenicity influenza A virus infections in humans, we questioned whether iNKT cells contribute to immune defence against influenza A virus and whether activation of these cells influences outcome. We show that activation of iNKT cells with α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GC) during influenza virus infection transiently enhanced early innate immune response without affecting T cell immunity, and reduced early viral titres in lungs of C57BL/6 mice. This is accompanied by a better disease course with improved weight loss profile. Temporal changes in iNKT cells in the liver, blood and lungs suggest activation and migration of iNKT cells from the liver to the lungs in mice that were administered α‐GC. Improvement in viral titres appears dependent on activation of iNKT cells via the intraperitoneal route since intranasal administration of α‐GC did not have the same effect. We conclude that activation of iNKT cells enhances early innate immune response in the lungs and contribute to antiviral immunity and improved disease course in influenza A virus infection.
Solvent Effects on Catalytic Epoxidation of Alkenes by Tetra‐n‐butylammonium Periodate and (Tetraarylporphyrinato)manganese(III)
Authors: Mohajer Daryoush , Abbasi Massoumeh 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe epoxidation of cyclooctene and cis‐stilbene was performed by tetra‐n‐butylammonium periodate (nBu4NIO4)in the presence of (tetraarylporphyrinato)manganese(III) [Mn(por)] and imidazole (im) in various CH2Cl2/alcohol solvents (alcohol = CH3OH, C2H5OH, n‐C3H7OH, i‐C3H7OH, t‐C4H9OH). In accord with the coordinating abilities of the alcohols to [Mn(por)], the epoxidation yields increased from CH2Cl2/CH3OH to CH2Cl2/t‐C4H9OH. In the epoxidation of cis‐stilbene in the presence of (acetato)(tetraphenylporphyrinato)manganese(III) [Mn(tpp)(OAc)], the cis‐ to trans‐stilbene oxide ratio increased consistently with the bulk of the alcohol in CH2Cl2/alcohol solvents. Also, it was found that the interaction of [Mn(tpp)(OAc)] and (acetato)(tetramesitylporphyrinato)manganese(III) [Mn(tmp)(OAc)] with nBu4NIO4 in the presence of imidazole but in the absence of alkenes yields [Mn(tpp)(O)(im)]+ and [Mn(tmp)(O)(im)]+ complexes. The formation of the Mn=O species for the small linear alcohols was faster than that for the larger ones, whereas the stability of the Mn=O complex was greater in the presence of the bulkier alcohols. Attempts were made to explain these effects.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Solution Conformation and Dynamics of the O‐Antigen of the Major Lipopolysaccharide from Sinorhizobium fredii SMH12
Authors: Fernández de Córdoba Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Carvajal Miguel A. , Cañada Francisco J. , Tejero‐Mateo Pilar , Gil‐Serrano Antonio M. , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe conformational and dynamic behavior of the O‐antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of Sinorhizobium fredii SMH12, a wide‐range host bacterium isolated from nodulated soybean plants growing in Vietnam, was studied. The O‐antigenhas a repeating unit consisting of the trisaccharide →4)‐α‐D‐GalpA‐(1→3)‐2‐O‐Ac‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐2‐O‐Ac‐α‐D‐Manp‐(1→, where the O‐6 position of the mannose residue in the repeating unit is unsubstituted, acetylated, or methylated in an approximate ratio 1:1:2. For the analysis of the conformational and dynamic behavior, the deacetylated polysaccharide was employed. A combination of NMR spectroscopic methods assisted by molecular mechanics and dynamic simulations was employed to deduce its major conformational and dynamic features. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)