bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the nonstandard maximum principle and its application for construction of monotone finite-difference schemes for multidimensional quasilinear parabolic equations
Authors: Hieu Le Minh , Xuan Nguyen Huu Nguyen , Thanh Dang Ngoc Hoang 
Published: April 2024

UDC 517.9
We consider the difference maximum principle with input data of variable sign and its application to the investigation of the monotonicity and convergence of finite-difference schemes (FDSs). Namely, we consider the Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem for multidimensional quasilinear parabolic equation with an unbounded nonlinearity. Unconditionally monotone linearized finite-difference schemes of the second-order of accuracy are constructed on uniform grids. A two-sided estimate for the grid solution, which is completely consistent with similar estimates for the exact solution, is obtained. These estimates are used to prove the convergence of FDSs in the grid

L
2

-norm. We also present a study aimed at constructing second-order monotone difference schemes for the parabolic convection-diffusion equation with boundary conditions of the third kind and unlimited nonlinearity without using the initial differential equation on the domain boundaries. The goal is a combination of the assumption of existence and uniqueness of a smooth solution and the regularization principle. In this case, the boundary conditions are directly approximated on a two-point stencil of the second order.
Primes of the form

[

n
c

]

with square-free

n
Authors: Dimitrov S. I. 
Published: April 2024

UDC 621
Let

[

⋅

]

be the floor function. We show that if

1
<
c
<

3849
3334

,

then there exist infinitely many prime numbers of the form

[

n
c

]

,

where

n

is square-free.
Sufficient conditions and radius problems for the Silverman class
Authors: Kumar S. Sivaprasad , Priyanka Priyanka 
Published: April 2024

UDC 517.5
For

0
<
α
≤
1

and

λ
>
0
,

let The general form of the Silverman class introduced by Tuneski and Irmak [Int. J. Math. and Math. Sci., {\bf 2006}, Article~ID 38089 (2006)]. Our differential inequality formulation lays out several sufficient conditions for this class. Further, we consider a class

Ω

given by For these two classes, we establish inclusion relations involving some well-known subclasses of

𝒮
*

and compute radius estimates featuring various pairings of these classes.
Про неперервне продовження на межу області інтеграла типу Коші із залежною від параметра щільністю
Authors: Plaksa S. 
Published: April 2024

УДК 517.54
Встановлено достатні умови неперервного продовження інтеграла типу Коші, щільність якого залежить від параметра, на негладку лінію інтегрування.
Twitter Chats as an Alternative to Discussion Boards in Graduate Nursing Courses
Authors: Potts Maryellen , Schaller Frank 
Published: April 2024

Background
Health care is increasingly dependent on technology and social media for communication. Nurse educators are tasked with developing a nursing workforce equipped with digital literacy to deliver safe, quality patient care. Twitter (now X) chats are an alternative social engagement opportunity for online nursing education students that can facilitate digital literacy.

Method
The instructor of an 8-week online nursing education course revised three required discussions as Twitter chats. Written instructions for the Twitter chats were provided, as well as a podcast. Self-report data and Twitter analytics were analyzed.

Results
Findings identified the benefits of incorporating a social media platform into traditional coursework. Chats helped students view course objectives in a new light and increased understanding of class content.

Conclusion

Twitter is a social media technology that can help nursing students educationally and professionally.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(10):709–712.]
Tissue Microarray Immunohistochemical Staining for Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer in a Ghanaian Cohort
Authors: Duduyemi Babatunde M. , Ayibor William G. , Agyemang-Yeboah Francis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Despite the advancement in therapy, breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women globally due in part to its heterogeneity. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents up to 20% of all breast cancer variants, an aggressive disease with poorer outcomes compared to other breast cancer subtypes. No targeted therapies are currently approved for TNBC, and newer treatment approaches are seriously needed. Androgen receptor (AR), another hormonal receptor, is often expressed in breast cancer, and its role depends on the relative levels of circulating estrogens and androgens. This study aimed to assess the expression of AR in breast cancer in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Methodology:
Immunohistochemical staining for AR was performed on tissue microarray (TMA) blocks, of which estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her-2/neu had already been done. 197 cases were suitable for the study. Results from the immunostaining were analyzed using the SPSS version 23 for descriptive statistics and correlations (χ2 and Pearson tests).

Results:
197 TMA cases were used. TNBCs constitute 61.9% of the cancers. The majority of these tumors were grade III, ductal carcinoma NST. The mean age was 49.86 ± 14.09, and the modal age group was 40–49 years. Our cases showed 23% AR expression in triple-negative cancers. The study also established that AR is more frequently expressed in low-grade tumors compared to high-grade ones.

Conclusion:
There is an appreciable level of AR expression in our cases; however, most are quadruple negative. However, AR is more frequently expressed in low-grade tumors than high-grade ones.
An alternative method for reconstructing anterior segmental mandibulectomy defects with a plate and pectoral major muscle flap
Authors: Riju Jeyashanth , Paul Arun , Ajit C , Tirkey Amit Jiwan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Reconstruction of anterior segmental mandibulectomy still remains a challenge. Osteocutaneous free flap remains the ideal choice of reconstruction because it restores cosmesis and function. The use of other locoregional flaps compromises cosmesis and function. Here, we have introduced a unique technique of reconstruction with lingual cortex mandibular plate as an alternate choice for free flap.

Method:
Six patients aged 12–62 years underwent oncological resection for oral cancer which involved the anterior segment of the mandible. Following resection, they underwent lingual cortex mandibular plating with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered to all patients.

Results:
The mean bony defect was 9.2 cm. There were no significant perioperative events related to the surgery. None required tracheostomy and all were safely extubated with no post-surgical complications. The cosmetic and functional outcomes were acceptable. Following the completion of radiotherapy with a median follow-up of 11 months, Plate exposure occurred in one patient.

Conclusion:
The technique is cheap, quick and simple, and can be effectively applied in resource-constrained and demanding situations. It is possible to consider this as an alternative treatment strategy for osteocutaneous free flap in anterior segmental defects.
Microarray analysis reveals distinct immune signatures in BCR-ABL positive and negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Ross Cecil , Sharma Mugdha , Paul John , Srivastava Sweta 
Published: April 2024

Background:

BCR-ABL mutation on the Philadelphia chromosome is the key driver of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) pathogenesis. However, there are certain cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) wherein no inherent driver mutation is detected resulting in clinical phenotype. It is important to identify key genes and pathways in driving the disease. The aim of the study was to use a gene-based omics approach to molecularly characterize these mutation-positive and negative cases to further strengthen diagnostics and precision medicine.

Methods:
A microarray profiling was done on CD34 positive cells isolated from two BCR-ABL positive and five BCR-ABL negative samples. JAK2V617F mutation testing was also done to rule out the presence of any other mutation in the latter group. The fold change cut-off was taken as ±1.5 with p≤0.5 for significant genes. The gene network and pathway analysis were done using DAVID and STRING software.

Results:
The genes upregulated in BCR-ABL negative samples were shown to be involved in immune regulation, signal transduction and T- and B-cell signalling. The protein-protein interaction network of upregulated genes in these samples were enriched for various immunomodulatory genes such as HLADP, HLADQ, IL7R, CCR7, CD3 subtypes. These genes further formed a network with signal transduction genes such as LCK, FYN, RAG1, DOCK1, AKT3, SMAD3, LEF1.

Conclusion:
The results suggested a modulation of immune response genes and its subsequent effect on oncogenic signalling in BCR-ABL negative samples as compared to BCR-ABL positive samples. The protein network analysis was enriched for genes involved in Src, TGF-beta and PI3K-AKT pathway contributing to the proliferation of neoplastic clone.
Adjuvant versus early Salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer with adverse pathological features on radical prostatectomy—Do we finally have an answer?
Authors: Jain Saurabh , Mallick Indranil , Tamhankar Ashwin S , Gautam Gagan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The presence of adverse pathological features like extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, or positive margins at radical prostatectomy incurs a high risk of postoperative recurrence. Currently, adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) is the standard of care in these patients, while early salvage radiotherapy (eSRT) is a potential alternative strategy.

Aims:
The purpose of this paper is to review the latest evidence comparing outcomes of adjuvant versus early SRT in this clinical scenario.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review of Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, and EMBASE was done to identify relevant studies published in the English language, regarding outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy and early SRT in post radical prostatectomy patients. Twelve studies, including six randomized trials, four retrospective studies, one systematic review, and one metanalysis were included in the final analysis.

Results:
We found that initial randomized trials demonstrated better event-free survival with adjuvant radiotherapy when compared to observation alone. However, ART was associated with increased risk of overtreatment and thus increased radiation-related toxicity rates.

Conclusion:
Preliminary evidence from recently reported RCTs suggests that eSRT may provide equivalent oncological outcomes to ART in prostate cancer patients with adverse pathology on radical prostatectomy while decreasing unnecessary treatment and radiation-related toxicity in a significant proportion of patients. However, the final verdict would be delivered after the long-term metastasis-free survival and overall survival outcomes are available.
Marathi translation, linguistic validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of speech handicap index and voice handicap index in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Waghmare Chaitali M , Aggarwal Vasundhara , Kharde Anup L , Jain Vandana S , Thakur Pradeep Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Patient reported treatment outcomes is a better way to measure the quality of life (QOL). This study was undertaken to translate the speech handicap index (SHI) and voice handicap index (VHI) in Marathi language and its linguistic validation and cross-cultural adaptation in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Methods:
SHI and VHI were translated into Marathi with prior permission from the respective authors of original English questionnaire (RAs). The translation procedure for each tool included two forward translations (English to Marathi), the formation of first intermediate Marathi translation (FIT), two back translations (Marathi to English) of FIT, and interim Marathi translation (IT) formation. The second intermediate Marathi translation (SIT) was prepared after face validation of IT by a subject expert. Pretesting of SIT was done in 20 patients of HNSCC to validate linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation. By incorporating the patient's suggestions, the final Marathi translation was prepared and sent to primary authors for approval.

Results:
The grammatically and conceptually acceptable and face validated SIT was prepared and administered to HNSCC patients. The patients of the oral cavity and larynx were in SHI and VHI group, respectively (ten patients in each group). The questionnaire was well understood reflecting its linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation. Some of the patients suggested changes in a few words which were then corrected, rechecked with back translation, and final Marathi translated questionnaire was prepared. It was approved by RAs.

Conclusion:
Marathi translation of SHI and VHI are well accepted and comprehensible. It can be used for future studies.
Submandibular gland extirpation during neck dissection, is it truly justified?
Authors: Kalloli Mahesh , Patil Rashmi S. , Singh Rahul , Prabhu Namdeo , Issrani Rakhi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
There is no oncologic basis for the extirpation of the submandibular gland (SMG) in early oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) unless the SMG is truly infiltrated by the tumor. The study aimed at assessing the true involvement of SMG in OSCC and to determine whether the gland extirpation in all cases is justified.

Methods:
This study prospectively evaluated the pathological involvement of SMG by OSCC in 281 patients, who were diagnosed with OSCC and underwent wide local excision of the primary tumor with simultaneous neck dissection.

Results:
Among 281 patients, 29 (10%) cases underwent bilateral neck dissection. A total of 310 SMG were evaluated. Involvement of SMG was seen in 5 (1.6%) cases. SMG metastases from Level Ib were seen in 3 (0.9%) of cases, whereas 0.6% showed direct SMG infiltration from the primary tumor. The advanced floor of mouth and lower alveolus cases had a higher tendency to infiltrate SMG. In none of the cases, bilateral or contralateral SMG was involved.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study show that the extirpation of SMG in all cases is truly irrational. Preserving the SMG is justified in early OSCC with no nodal metastasis. However, SMG preservation is case dependent and is an individual preference. Further studies are required to assess the locoregional control rate and salivary flow rate in postradiotherapy cases where SMG is preserved.
Accuracy of digital mammography, ultrasound and MRI in predicting the pathological complete response and residual tumor size of breast cancer after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Sudhir Rashmi , Koppula Veeraiah Chaudhary , Rao T Subramanyeshwar , Sannapareddy Kamala , Rajappa Senthil J , Murthy Sudha S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is the standard of care for the treatment of locally advanced or non-metastatic breast cancer, which may increase the chances of breast conservative surgery (BCS) in place of radical mastectomy without compromising on the overall survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of mammography (MG), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the complete response and to assess the extent of residual breast cancer in women treated with NACT.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-six consecutive patients with stage II or III breast cancer, who underwent imaging evaluation of breast with digital mammogram, US, and MRI after NACT and before the breast surgery, were included in the study. For each patient, pathologic complete response (pCR) or residual tumor (non-pCR) was predicted and the maximum extent of the residual tumor was measured on each imaging modality. These measurements were subsequently compared with the final histopathology results.

Results:
Of 56 patients, 22 showed pCR with MRI having better accuracy for predicting complete response than the MG and US (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.86, 0.68, and 0.65, respectively; p = 0.0001 for MRI; p = 0.06 for MG, and p = 0.02 for US). The sensitivity of MRI for detecting pCR was 72.7%; specificity and positive predictive value were 100%. For pathological residual tumor, the size measured on MRI showed significantly higher correlation with the pathologic size (correlation coefficient, r = 0.786), than the MG (r = 0.293) and US (r = 0.508) with P < 0.05.

Conclusions:
Accuracy of MRI for predicting pathological complete response was significantly higher than the MG and US. Pathologic residual tumor size was also more precisely reflected by the longest tumor dimension on MRI with the strong positive correlation coefficient.
Tumor volume as a prognostic factor on the median survival in locally advanced oral cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Janmunee Narumon , Peerawong Thanarpan , Rordlamool Paytai , Bridthikitti Jidapa , Tangthongkum Manupol , Kongkamol Chanon , Hirunpat Siriporn 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Surgery has been the mainstay treatment for oral cancer. Patients who do not receive surgery are generally treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Many factors play a role in patients’ survival; tumor volume might be one of those factors. This study aims to determine the effect of the pre-treatment tumor volume on the survival of oral cancer.

Methods:
Retrospective study of patients with histological confirmed squamous cell carcinoma, stage III–IV oral cancer, who received definitive CCRT. Tumor volume from pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed and analyzed. The optimal cut-off tumor volume was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
Among 67 patients, half of the primary tumor sites were oral tongue. The median total tumor volume (TTV) was 73.25 cm3, while the median survival was 12.5 months (95% confidence interval: 10.9-20.3). The optimal cut-off TTV ≥52.9 cm3 (P < 0.0001). The median survival of the patients, who had tumor volume <52.9 cm3 were 34.4 months, and for tumor volume ≥52.9 cm3 were 8.6 months (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that TTV ≥52.9 cm3, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique had significantly influenced the overall survival.

Conclusion:
TTV had an influence on the overall survival of locally advanced oral cancer. In addition, TTV may be considered as a factor in selecting the appropriate treatment option for these patients.
The VES-13 and G-8 tools as predictors of toxicity associated with aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in elderly patients
Authors: Irelli Azzurra , Sirufo Maria Maddalena , Scipioni Teresa , Aielli Federica , Martella Francesco , Ginaldi Lia , Pancotti Amedeo , Martinis Massimo De 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Adjuvant hormone treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer is mainly based on aromatase inhibitors. Adverse events associated with such class of drugs are particularly severe in elderly patients. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of ab initio predict which elderly patients could encounter toxicity.

Methods:
In light of national and international oncological guidelines recommending the use of screening tests for multidimensional geriatric assessment in elderly patients aged ≥70 years and eligible for active cancer treatment, we assessed whether the Vulnerable Elder Survey (VES)-13 and the Geriatric (G)-8 could be predictors of toxicity associated with aromatase inhibitors. Seventy-seven consecutive patients aged ≥70 diagnosed with non-metastatic hormone-responsive breast cancer and therefore eligible for adjuvant hormone therapy with aromatase inhibitors, were screened with the VES-13 and the G-8, and underwent a six-monthly clinical and instrumental follow-up in our medical oncology unit, from September 2016 to March 2019 (30 months). Said patients were identified as vulnerable (VES-13 score ≥3 or G-8 score ≤14) and fit (VES-13 score <3 or G-8 score >14). The likelihood of experiencing toxicity is greater among vulnerable patients.

Results:
The correlation between the VES-13 or the G-8 tools and the presence of adverse events is equal to 85.7% (p = 0.03). The VES-13 demonstrated 76.9% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity, 80.0% positive predictive value, 88.5% negative predictive value. The G-8 demonstrated 79.2% sensitivity, 88.7% specificity, 76% positive predictive value, 90.4% negative predictive value.

Conclusion:
The VES-13 and the G-8 tools could be valuable predictors of the onset of toxicity associated with aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in elderly patients aged ≥70.
A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Individualistic, Unique Hard- and Soft-tissue Parameters of the Face on Buccal Corridors in Adolescents and Adults with Angle’s Class I and Angle’s Class II Division 1 Malocclusion
Authors: Priyadarshini Maitreye , Joneja Purva , Pawar Oshin , Bhuyan Shivani , Samreen Shama , Singh Shwetneel 
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:
This study was designed to determine the relationship between the parameters: buccal corridor, buccal corridor linear ratio (BCLR), upper intercanine width, intermolar width, and premolar basal arch width on a posed smile in adolescents and adults. The buccal corridor affects smile esthetics; hence, it is important to see its correlation with intercanine width. In addition, the study aimed to determine if the buccal corridor changes adversely in Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients and during growth.

Materials and Methods:
Posed smile and standard full-front face photographs of 150 patients were taken. Group A consisted of 50 adolescent patients between the ages of 11 and 14 years, divided equally based on malocclusion type. Group B consisted of 100 young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years, divided equally into Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The parameters calibrated in the photographs were: upper intercanine distance, intercanthal distance, intercommisure width, difference between intercanthal and intercommisure width, distance between the last visible teeth in the maxilla, and BCLR.

Results:
The results of this study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests. The analysis showed a significant correlation between BCLR, intercanine width, distance from the last visible teeth, intercanthal distance, and intercommisure width, and their difference varied significantly among males and females, with P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that the buccal corridor and intercanine width vary with age and gender. The buccal corridor is usually wider in young adults than in adolescent children.