Faktor Ibu, Keragaman Pangan, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, dan Hubungannya dengan Status Gizi Kurang pada Ibu Balita Stunting di Kota Semarang
Authors: Rakhmatika Sabela Nadhira , Purwanti Rachma , Margawati Ani , Dieny Fillah Fithra 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Risiko stunting lebih tinggi pada anak dari ibu dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) kurang dari sama dengan 18,5 kg/m2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status gizi kurang pada ibu balita stunting dan mengaitkan faktor ibu, pendapatan keluarga, keragaman pangan serta asupan zat gizi pada ibu.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di Kota Semarang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 42 ibu balita stunting di Kota Semarang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Consecutive Sampling. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini yaitu status gizi ibu balita Stunting. Data status gizi ibu didapatkan berdasarkan pengukuran antropometri secara langsung meliputi Berat Badan dan Tinggi Badan yang kemudian dilakukan perhitungan IMT. Ibu balita stunting yang dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini hanya yang berstatus gizi kurang dan gizi normal berdasarkan kategori IMT menggunakan cut off Asia Pasifik. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah usia ibu, paritas ibu, pendidikan ibu, penggunaan KB Hormonal, pendapatan keluarga, asupan zat gizi makro, keragaman pangan ibu, dan aktivitas fisik ibu. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi ibu dengan menggunakan uji Multiple Logistic Regression.Hasil: Ibu balita stunting dengan status gizi kurang lebih banyak memiliki proporsi tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, dan karbohidrat yang tergolong kurang (56,3%; 62,5%; dan 39,3%) dibandingkan tingkat kecukupan energi yang tergolong cukup (9,1%; 33,3%; dan 11,1%). faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi kurang pada ibu balita stunting yaitu kecukupan asupan energi ibu dengan nilai signifikansi <0,05. Ibu dengan asupan energi yang kurang berisiko 10,156 kali (p-value 0,047) mengalami gizi kurang. Simpulan: Faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan status gizi kurang pada ibu balita stunting yaitu asupan energi yang kurang. ABSTRACTTitle: Maternal Factors, Food Diversity, Nutritional Intake, and Correlation with Underweight Status of Under-Five Stunted MothersBackground:The risk of stunting is higher in children of mothers with a Body Mass Index (BMI) less than equal 18,5 kg/m2. This study aimed to analyze the underweight status of under-five stunted mothers and related maternal factors, family income, food diversity, and nutritional intake.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was undertaken in Semarang in 2022. Samples were taken consecutively. This study included 42 Semarang City moms of stunted toddlers. This study examined stunted under-5 moms' nutritional condition (underweight or normal). The maternal nutritional status was determined by measuring body weight and height to establish BMI. This study only included mothers of stunted children with underweight status and normal nutritional status, according to the Asia Pacific cut-off. In this study, maternal age, parity, education, hormonal contraceptive use, family income, macronutrient intake, dietary diversity, and physical activity were independent factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify mothers' nutritional status factors.Results:Under-five stunted mothers with poor nutritional status had a higher proportion of lacking energy, protein, and carbohydrate adequacy levels (56.3%, 62.5%, and 39.3%, respectively), compared to energy adequacy levels, which were classified as sufficient (9, 1%, 33.3%, and 11.1%, respectively). Factors related to the underweight status of under-five stunted mothers, namely the adequacy of maternal energy intake, had a significance value of less than 0.05. Mothers with less energy intake were at risk of 10.156 times (p = 0.047) experiencing underweight. Maternal age, parity, education, use of hormonal contraception, family income, maternal dietary diversity, and physical activity were not related to the underweight status of under-five stunted mothers.Conclusion: The most common factor related to the underweight status of under-five stunted mothers is the inadequacy of maternal energy intake.