bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐induced self‐defocusing property in tetragonal tungsten bronze crystals
Authors: Gao Ch. Y. , Xia H. R. , Xu J. Q. , Si Sh. Ch. , Zhang H. J. , Wang J. Y. , Song H. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn open‐circuit boundary conditions, tetragonal tungsten bronze (CSBN75) crystals are settled on one of arms of Michelson's interferometer in such a way that even minor perturbation of the penetrated beam can be enlarged and observed through the Michelson's interferometer rings. The experimental results shows that CSBN75 (Δn < 0) are self‐defocusing photorefractive crystals. In this paper, qualitative and quantitative discussion on the light‐induced change in the index of refraction is given. The self‐defocusing character in CSBN75 suggests that it is possible to observe the dark spatial solitons with this crystal in further investigation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of NaCl filler on ferroelectric phase and polaron configurations of PVDF films
Authors: Elashmawi I. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyvinyldene fluoride (PVDF) films filled with NaCl of mass fraction range 1 ≤ W ≤ 6 % were prepared by casting technique. Their crystalline structure, thermal, optical properties and Electron spin resonance (ESR) were examined. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements indicated a maximum ferroelectric β‐phase increment at 4%. DTA was used to identify the phase transition temperatures, the order of reaction and the activation energy of melting. The UV‐Visible optical absorption implied a minimum value of the estimated optical energy gap at W = 4%. ESR spectra contained a Lorentizian signal exhibiting a minimum value of the symmetry factor at W = 4%. The energy levels of the optical gap boundaries were though to contribute to ESR transitions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and crystal structure determination of 6,7‐dihydro‐2‐methoxy‐4‐(substituted)‐5H ‐benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b ]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile
Authors: Moustafa A. M. , Girgis A. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe compounds 6,7‐dihydro‐2‐methoxy‐4‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐5H ‐benzo[6.7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b ]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (compound IIIa) and 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐6,7‐dihydro‐2‐methoxy‐5H ‐benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b ]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (compound IIIb) were synthesized and their structures have been determined from three dimensional X‐ray data using direct method and refined by full matrix least squares with anisotropic thermal parameters for non‐hydrogen atoms to conventional R(gt) of 0.036 and 0.038 for the two compounds respectively. For compound (IIIa) the crystals are monoclinic, space group Cc, with a=11.2909 (5) Å, b=17.7755(8) Å, c=9.1437(4) Å and β=95.428(3)°, while the crystals of the second compound (IIIb) are triclinic, space group P1, with a=8.7465(3)Å, b=10.3958(3)Å, c=10.9011(4)Å, α= 108.3870(10)°, β=101.3741(12)°, γ=97.9594(12)°. The molecular structure of the two compounds have nearly the same configuration, where the cyclohepta ring takes the boat shape and the methoxy and the carbonitrile groups are attached at the same position C2 and C8. The difference occurs only at the position C4, where the substituent is methylphenyl for compound (IIIa) and chlorophenyl for the other. The bond lengths, valency angles and the hydrogen bonding were calculated and fully discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The eating disorders medicine cabinet revisited: A clinician's guide to ipecac and laxatives
Authors: Steffen Kristine J. , Mitchell James E. , Roerig James L. , Lancaster Kathryn L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:To describe the frequency of alternative medication use in bulimia nervosa (BN), and to review available nonprescription emetic (ipecac) and laxative products and their potential toxicities.Method:Survey data were collected from 39 consecutive treatment‐seeking patients with BN or subthreshold BN. Survey data of the available nonprescription and herbal products from local retail stores were also collected. Toxicology information was reviewed on these agents from MEDLINE and herbal textbooks.Results:Ipecac use occurred in 18% of the 39 patients. Laxatives had been used at some point to control weight or “get rid of food” by 67% of the patients. Of these, 31% had abused laxatives during the month prior to evaluation. In the product survey, 248 laxative‐containing products were identified.Conclusion:There are numerous laxative products readily available to patients, and many of them have significant associated toxicities. Patients with BN tend to endorse high rates of laxative use. While ipecac is used infrequently, it can have deleterious consequences. Patients with BN should be screened for use of both ipecac and laxatives and should be educated about the potential consequences associated with the misuse of these agents. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Cover Picture: Mycenarubins A and B, Red Pyrroloquinoline Alkaloids from the Mushroom Mycena rosea (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 10/2007)
Authors: Peters Silke , Spiteller Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the mushroom Mycena rosea whose fruiting bodies contain two new red pyrroloquinoline alkaloids named mycenarubin A and B. So far, pyrroloquinoline alkaloids are mainly known from marine sources. The new secondary metabolites have been detected by means of a comparative HPLC profiling of the fruiting bodies and the mycelial cultures. The absolute configuration of the mycenarubins was established by a stereoselective synthesis of the model compound (S)‐4‐carboxydamirone C and comparison of its CD spectrum with the CD spectra of the mycenarubins. Details are discussed in the article by S. Peters and P. Spiteller on p. 1571 ff.
Searching for structure in measurements of air pollutant concentration
Authors: Morlini Isabella 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhen studying air pollution measurements at different sites in a spatial area, we may search for a typical pattern, common to all curves, describing the underlying air pollution process in a pre‐specified period. Another area of interest to support local authorities in air quality management may be the classification of the different sites in homogeneous clusters and the group ranking that follows. Yet, there is variation in both amplitude and dynamics among the air pollutant concentrations measured at the different monitoring stations. Analyzing such measurements, where the basic unit of information is the entire observed process rather than a string of numbers, involves finding the time shifts or the warping functions among curves. The analysis is much more complicated if we consider a multivariate process, that is, vector‐valued air pollutant measurements. Following our previous work where an improved dynamic time‐warping algorithm has been developed, especially in the multivariate case, and used both for classifying functional data and estimating the structural mean of a sample of curves, we analyzed the measurements of some air pollutants in Emilia Romagna (northern Italy). In addition, for the univariate analyses, we applied the self‐modeling warping function approach, which is also convenient for these data. Indeed, this method was found to be model‐free and enough flexible to capture very complex and highly non‐linear patterns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double‐stranded RNA induces iNOS gene expression in Schwann cells, sensory neuronal death, and peripheral nerve demyelination
Authors: Lee Hyunkyoung , Park Chanhee , Cho Ik‐Hyun , Kim Hyun Yeong , Jo Eun‐Kyeong , Lee Soojin , Kho Hong‐Seop , Choi Se‐Young , Bae Oh Seog , Park Kyungpyo , Kim Joong Soo , Lee Sung Joong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInflammation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the characteristics of virus‐induced peripheral neuropathy. In this inflammatory response, Schwann cells are actively involved. Previously, toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) was reported as a receptor for double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) that induces antiviral and inflammatory responses in cells of the innate immune system. In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of TLR3 in Schwann cells. TLR3 was constitutively expressed in Schwann cells. Stimulation with polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid, a synthetic dsRNA analogue, induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in Schwann cells. Studies on the intracellular signal transduction pathways using iSC, an immortalized Schwann cell line, revealed that dsRNA induces the activation of NF‐κB, p38, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). The activation of NF‐κB, p38, JNK, and dsRNA‐dependent protein kinase is required for dsRNA‐mediated iNOS gene expression. However, the activation of PI3 kinase and GSK‐3β inhibited iNOS gene induction, a process mediated by their inhibitory effects on NF‐κB and p38 activation. dsRNA‐induced NO production caused neuronal cell death in cultured dorsal root ganglion. Finally, the introduction of dsRNA into the rat sciatic nerve induced iNOS gene expression and peripheral nerve demyelination in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that viral RNA may induce inflammatory Schwann cell activation via TLR3 and peripheral nerve damage in the PNS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of behavioral and psychological symptoms in early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Toyota Yasutaka , Ikeda Manabu , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Matsumoto Teruhisa , Matsumoto Naomi , Hokoishi Kazuhiko , Fukuhara Ryuji , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Mori Takaaki , Adachi Hiroyoshi , Komori Kenjiro , Tanabe Hirotaka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundWhen comparing with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EO‐AD) and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LO‐AD), some symptomatological differences in clinical features can be seen between them. Rapid progression, more severe language problems or visuospatial dysfunction occur more often in EO‐AD patients. However, there have been very few reports about the differences in behavioral and psychological symptoms between these two groups.AimThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the differences in behavioral symptoms between EO‐AD and LO‐AD groups.MethodThree hundred and seven consecutive outpatients with AD were put into an EO‐AD group (46 patients) or a LO‐AD group (261 patients). Comprehensive assessment batteries, including the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were administered at the first medical assessment.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the EO‐AD and LO‐AD groups in terms of NPI total score (EO‐AD: 10.3 ± 10.9, LO‐AD: 17.8 ± 17.0, p = 0.004) and number of patients who experienced each NPI subscale score (delusion; EO‐AD: 13.0%, LO‐AD: 50.6%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in cognitive functions or dementia severity between two groups.ConclusionIn EO‐AD, behavioral and psychological symptoms are relatively fewer than LO‐AD at the first medical assessment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markers of inflammation and cognitive decline in an African‐Caribbean population
Authors: Jordanova Vesna , Stewart Robert , Davies Emma , Sherwood Roy , Prince Martin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory processes may play an important role in cognitive decline and dementia. We investigated the prospective association between levels of three markers of inflammation, plasma interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and cognitive decline in an African‐Caribbean community population.MethodsOf 290 participants aged 55–75 years at baseline sampled from Primary Care registration lists in south London, 216 (75%) were re‐interviewed after 3 years. Baseline plasma concentrations of IL‐6, CRP and SAA were ascertained through immunoassays. A battery of psychometric tests was administered on both occasions and decline in both individual tests and a composite outcome was analysed.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, raised levels of IL‐6 (>3.1 pg/ml) were associated with cognitive decline in the total sample (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.5), but no associations were found for CRP or SAA. Raised IL‐6 was most strongly associated with decline in orientation and immediate verbal recall tasks, with weaker associations for delayed recall and psychomotor speed.ConclusionsRaised IL‐6 but not CRP predicted cognitive decline in this population Inflammatory changes associated with cognitive decline may be specific to particular causal pathways. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The MEK kinases MEKK4/Ssk2p facilitate complexity in the stress signaling responses of diverse systems
Authors: Bettinger Blaine T. , Amberg David C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe mammalian JNK/p38 MAP kinase kinase kinase MEKK4 and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssk2p are highly homologous. MEKK4 can replace all of the known functions of Ssk2p in yeast, including functioning in the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway and the recently described actin recovery pathway. MEKK4 and Ssk2p share a number of conserved domains and appear to be activated by a similar mechanism. Binding of an activating protein to the N‐terminal region alleviates auto‐inhibition and causes the kinase to auto‐phosphorylate, resulting in activation. In this review we will examine the role of the MAP kinase kinase kinase isoform Ssk2p/MEKK4 in the adaptation of both yeast and mammalian systems to specific external stimuli. Recent work has provided a wealth of information about the activation, regulation, and functions of these MEKK kinases to extra‐cellular signals. We will also highlight evidence supporting a role for MEKK4 in mediating actin recovery following osmotic shock in mammalian cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 34–43, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The green tea compound, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate downregulates N‐cadherin and suppresses migration of bladder carcinoma cells
Authors: Rieger‐Christ Kimberly M. , Hanley Robert , Lodowsky Christopher , Bernier Trisha , Vemulapalli Praneeth , Roth Mendel , Kim JiYoung , Yee Amy S. , Le Sandrine Meé , Marie Pierre J. , Libertino John A. , Summerhayes Ian C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGreen tea has been reported as potential dietary protection against numerous cancers and has been shown to have activity in bladder tumor inhibition in different animal models. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG—the major phytochemical in green tea) on growth inhibition and behavior of human bladder carcinoma cells and to identify the altered signaling pathway(s) underlying the response to EGCG exposure. EGCG inhibited the in vitro growth of invasive bladder carcinoma cells with an IC50 range of 70–87 µM. At a concentration of 20 µM, EGCG decreased the migratory potential of bladder carcinoma cells with concomitant activation of p42/44 MAPK and STAT3 and inactivation of Akt. Using biochemical inhibitors of MAPK/ERK, and siRNA to knockdown STAT3 and Akt, inhibition of migration was recorded associated with Akt but not MAPK/ERK or STAT3 signaling in bladder cells. In addition, EGCG downregulated N‐cadherin in a dose‐dependent manner where reduction in N‐cadherin expression paralleled declining migratory potential. Continuous feeding of EGCG to mice prior to and during the establishment of bladder carcinoma xenografts in vivo revealed >50% reduction in mean final tumor volume (P ≤ 0.05) with no detectable toxicity. EGCG inhibited bladder carcinoma cell growth and suppressed the in vitro migration capacity of cells via downregulation of N‐cadherin and inactivation of Akt signaling. Continuous administration of EGCG to mice revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo indicating a possible preventative role for green tea in bladder cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 377–388, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The regulation of osteogenesis by ECM rigidity in MC3T3‐E1 cells requires MAPK activation
Authors: Khatiwala Chirag B. , Peyton Shelly R. , Metzke Mark , Putnam Andrew J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOnce thought to provide only structural support to tissues by acting as a scaffold to which cells bind, it is now widely recognized that the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides instructive signals that dictate cell behavior. Recently we demonstrated that mechanical cues intrinsic to the ECM directly regulate the behavior of pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. We hypothesized that one possible mechanism by which ECM compliance exerts its influence on osteogenesis is by modulating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To address this hypothesis, the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based model substrates with tunable mechanical properties was assessed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels at days 7 and 14 were found to be significantly higher in cells grown on stiffer substrates (423.9 kPa hydrogels and rigid tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control) than on a soft hydrogel (13.7 kPa). Osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression levels followed a similar trend. In parallel, MAPK activity was significantly higher in cells cultured on stiffer substrates at both time points. Inhibiting this activation pharmacologically, using PD98059, resulted in significantly lower ALP levels, OCN, and BSP gene expression levels on the hydrogels. Interestingly, the effectiveness of PD98059 was itself dependent on substrate stiffness, with marked inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation in cells grown on compliant hydrogels but insignificant reduction in cells grown on TCPS. Together, these data confirm a role for MAPK in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation by ECM compliance. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 661–672, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary isoflavones act on bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells and stimulate ovary development before influencing bone mass in pre‐pubertal piglets
Authors: De Wilde Anne , Maria Rassi Claudia , Cournot Giulia , Colin Colette , Lacroix Herminie C. , Chaumaz Gilles , Coxam Veronique , Bennetau‐Pelissero Catherine , Pointillart Alain , Lieberherr Michele 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFood containing soybeans provide isoflavone phytoestrogens that can preserve bone mass in postmenopausal women, and prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. But their effects on bone remain unclear, particularly on bone formation during growth. Two groups of eight pre‐pubertal piglets were fed a basal or an isoflavone‐enriched (S800) diet for 6 weeks. The S800 diet contained 800 mg SoyLife™/kg, providing 2.8 mg isoflavones/kg body weight/day. Several bones were collected and tested for bone strength and density. Bone marrow was collected from humeri together with blood samples and genital tracts. The plasma concentrations of isoflavones were increased in the pigs fed S800, but growth rate, body weight, plasma bone markers, bone mineral density, and strength were all unaffected. In contrast, cultured stromal cells from S800 pigs had more alkaline phosphatase‐rich cells and mineralized nodules, secreted more osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and RANK‐L, synthesized more osteoprotegerin, and RANK‐L. Cultured mononucleated nonadherent bone marrow cells from S800 pigs developed fewer tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase mononucleated cells (osteoclast progenitors) when cultured with 1,25(OH)2D3, and resorbed a smaller area of dentine slices. Freshly isolated bone marrow osteoclast progenitors from S800 pigs had more caspase‐3 cleavage activity, and synthesized less RANK. Both osteoclast and osteoblast progenitors had ERα and ERβ, whose syntheses were stimulated by the S800 diet. The S800 piglets had heavier ovaries with more follicles, but their uterus weight was unaffected. We conclude that dietary isoflavones have no detectable effect on the bone mass of growing female piglets, but act on bone marrow osteoprogenitors via ERs—mainly ERβ, and stimulate ovary development. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 51–59, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and functional differentiation of HSG cells: Role of extracellular matrix and trpc 1
Authors: Vag Janos , Byrne Elaine M. , Hughes Deirdre H. , Hoffman Matthew , Ambudkar Indu , Maguire Paula , O'Connell Brian C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA human salivary intercalated duct cell line (HSG) is capable of morphological change to acinar‐type cells, and of salivary amylase (AMY1) expression, by culturing on basement membrane extracts (BME). The aim of this study was to determine the critical conditions for functional and morphological differentiation of HSG cells and to establish if the processes are related. Cells were grown on BMEs that had different protein concentrations and growth factor content, and then examined with respect to morphology and AMY1 expression. To investigate the role of intracellular calcium in amylase expression, a pcDNA3.1‐TRPC1α construct was used to overexpress htrp1α, which mediates the store‐operated calcium entry in HSG cells. Expression of the AMY1, TRPC1α and β genes was quantified by means of real time RT‐PCR. Growth factor‐reduced BME (12.8 mg/ml) induced multicellular acinar structures with lumen formation but without stimulation of either AMY1 or TRPC1. HSG cells cultured on higher concentration BME (17.5 or 16.4 mg/ml) formed reticular networks. AMY1 expression increased both on growth factor‐reduced BME (17.5 mg/ml: 3.0‐fold, P < 0.001) and on regular BME (16.4 mg/ml: 3.7‐fold, P < 0.001) accompanied by a slight increase in expression of TRPC1α and TRPC1β. Overexpression of htrp1α did not cause any significant changes in AMY expression, though it attenuated the BME (17.5 mg/ml)‐induced AMY1 upregulation. Overall, the higher protein concentration BME favors amylase expression in HSG cells, whereas the lower concentration causes marked morphological changes. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 416–423, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methylselenol generated from selenomethionine by methioninase downregulates integrin expression and induces caspase‐mediated apoptosis of B16F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Kim Aeyung , Oh Jang‐Hee , Park Jong‐Min , Chung An‐Sik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMelanoma is a highly metastatic cancer resistant to current chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic approaches. Several studies have shown that interactions between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are critical for the survival and invasion of metastatic cancer cells. In this study, we examine the effects of methylselenol generated from selenomethionine (SeMet) by methioninase (METase) on cell proliferation, adhesion, and expression of integrins in murine melanoma B16F10 cells, which are metastatic in the lungs of syngeneic C57BL/6J mice. Combined treatment with SeMet‐METase decreased the expression of integrins α4, β1, αν, and β3, and inhibited melanoma‐ECM adhesion. Caspase‐mediated apoptosis was induced following loss of cell adherence. Phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt, related to integrin‐mediated survival, were decreased upon treatment with SeMet‐METase while phosphorylation of p38, PKC‐δ, and IκBα increased. In the presence of specific inhibitors of p38, PKC‐δ, and NF‐κB, expression of integrins and cell adhesion to ECM were maintained and cell apoptosis was prevented in SeMet‐METase‐treated melanoma cells. Treatment with caspase inhibitors restored cell viability and blocked poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, but did not restore integrin expression and cell adhesion to ECMs reduced by SeMet‐METase. Based on these results, we propose that combined treatment with SeMet‐METase induces caspase‐mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells by altering integrin expression and adhesion. Furthermore, activation of p38, PKC‐δ, and NF‐κB is a prerequisite for the down‐regulation of integrin expression, followed by detachment‐mediated apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 386–400, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.