bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histocompatibility screening by molecular techniques: Use of polymerase chain reaciton products and heteroduplex formation
Authors: Rubpcki Rlonald J. , Wisecarver James L. , Hook Darla D. , Cox Susan M. , Biesel Kirk W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNovel molecular approaches have recently become available allowing improved major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matching of potential allogeneic bone marrow donors and recipients. Current cellular and serological assays are hindered by aberrant cell populations and limited reagents which only detect an individuals' phenotype. Therefore, a molecular screening protocol which discriminates at the genotypic level would be advantageous. Here we describe a two‐step DNA‐based approach that can be applied to large‐scale screening of potential donors. A primiary screen, utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reduces the potential donor population, whereas a secondary or fine resolution screen uses DNA heteroduplex analysis to determine identity or non‐identity at specific loci. Heteroduplex analysis generates a DNA migration pattern that is unique for alleles at a given locus, and is more sensitive than serology in discriminating among individuals. Here we demonstrate the potential feasibility of htis approach by analyzing results at one MHC locus, HLA‐DQ. Since this mehod does not rely on typing sera or viable lymphocytes, it is not subject to the variability found in the traditional methods. In contrast to traditional methods, these molecular techniques can provide the critical information needed to select a potential bone marrow donor. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemically humanized murine monoclonal antibody against a cell nuclear antigen: Usefulness in autoimmune diagnostics
Authors: Miyachi Junko , Doi Kazuyuki , Kitamura Kazuyuki , Jitsukawa Tomofumi , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cellular nuclear antigen SS‐B/La is known to be a major antigenic target to an autoantibody in patients with Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. It is useful to detect an anti‐SS‐B/La antibody from patients' sera in a clinical point of view. We purified SS‐B/La from rabbit thymus acetone powder by affinity chromatography with a murine anti‐SS‐B/La monoclonal antibody (1C3‐H7). An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method, in which SS‐B/La was used to coat a plate, was also successfully established. It is difficult to obtain a large volume of patients' serum with high antibody titer and high specificity as a positive control. We investigated whether or not a positive control from human could be replaced by a murine monoclonal antibody to SS‐B/La. The 1C3‐H7 was conjugated with a human IgG Fc' fragment using N‐γ‐maleimidobutyryloxysuccinimide as a cross‐linker. The chemically humanized murine monoclonal antibody (1C3‐Fc') was recognized by antiserum specific for human IgG Fc fragment. 1C3‐Fc' reacted to SS‐B/La but not to other antigens. Furthermore, the titration curve of this conjugate ran parallel with those of patients' sera specific for SS‐B/La. It is concluded that a chemically humanized murine monoclonal antibody is useful as a positive control in place of a human patient's serum. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous expression of type I procollagen mRNA and albumin in cirrhotic human liver
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Kohi Takehiko , Hata Ryu‐Ichiro , Hirohashi Setsuo , Kurata Shun‐Ichi , Senoo Haruki , Sakakibara Kooko , Hayashi Toshihko , Nakane Paul K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe gene expression of human type 1 procollagen was investigated in cirrhotic human liver by using in situ hybridization with nonradioactive DNA probes. Using in situ hybridizaiton can provide direct evidence for the cell type capable for type I collagen synthesis in tissues. T‐T dimerized DNA probes were used and DNAs hybridized in situ were detected immunohistochemically using specific antibodies against T‐T dimer. The data demonstrated that type I collagen is synthesized in hepatocyles and stellate cells in pseudolobules and in fibroblasts in Glissons capsules in cirrhotic human livers. we indicated hepatocytes morphologically and functionally by using immunohistochemical localization of albumin, which ws used as a marker of hepatocyte, since albumin is synthesized exclusively by hepatocytes. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of two automated nephelometers
Authors: Emancipator Kenneth , Elin Ronald J. , Fleisher Thomas A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe intercalibration precision and linearity were determined for two representative analytes, apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), on the Beckman Array® and the Behring Nephelometer 100® (BN‐100). For two of nine samples analyzed, poor precision was observed for IgG with the Array. The poor precision for these two samples is attributed to large systematic shifts. A statistical non‐linearity was observed for apo A1 with the BN‐100, but this non‐linearity does not exclude use of this assay for clinical diagnosis. Method comparisons were done for 12 analytes: apo A1, apo B, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3, C4, albumin, C‐reactive protein, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, and ceruloplasmin. Thjese comparisons showed proportional biases of >10% for seven of 12 analytes. Furthermore, correlation coefficients were <0.96 for seven of 12 analytes. We conclude that comparing results obtained from th two different nephelometers is of only limited value for the individual patient. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphoproliferative disease in scid mice reconstituted with human Sjögren's syndrome lymphocytes
Authors: Fox Robert I. , Pisa Pavel , Pisa Eva K. , Kang Ho‐Ii 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPatients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) have increased frequency of non‐Hodgkin's B‐cell lymphoma. These lymphomas frequently use a specific subclass of kappa light chain (encoded by variable region gene segment Hum KV325) and exhibit bcl‐2 protooncogene translocation t(14;18). In order to determine whether expansion of this B‐cell subset could be reproduced in an animal model, immunodeficient SCID (CB‐17) mice were reconstituted with lymphocytes from 4 different SS patients at high risk of the development of lymphoma. Tumor‐like nodules developed in all 11 SCID mice that received at least 5 × 105 lymphocytes from SS salivary glands or peripheral blood samples. However, the tumorlike nodules in the SCID mice differed from SS lymphomas in vivo in that they (1) exhibited multiple immunoglobulin gene rearrangements; (2) did not have expansion of B‐cells expressing the Hum KV325 K‐light chain; and (3) lacked detectable t(14;18) translocations. Characterization of the SCID tumor‐like nodules revealed a high level of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA, EBV‐associated antigens (EA‐R, EBNA‐2, AND LMP), and the EBV‐encoded cytokine BCRF‐1 that is structurally similar to IL‐10. These results demonstrate that the lymphoproliferation occurring in the salivary glands of SS patients is not reproduced in the SCID/hu chimeric mouse. It is likely that specific factors in the human salivary gland are required for development of lymphoma in SS patients and that such factors are not present in the SCID/hu chimeric mouse. Furthermore, EBV‐induced lymphoproliferation, as seen in the SCID/hu chimera, does not lead to expansion of the same lymphoid subsets that occurs in vivo. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary structure of the variable regions of a monoclonal antibody MUSE11 recognizing the tandem repeat domain of a mucin core protein, MUC1
Authors: Hinoda Yuji , Arimura Yoshiaki , Itoh Fumio , Adachi Masaaki , Tsujisaki Masayuki , Imai Kohzoh , Yachi Akira 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (MAb) MUSE11 recognizes an epitope in the tandem repeat domain of a mucin core protein, MUC1. We show that the epitope of MAb MUSE11 could be within the continuous amino acid sequence PDTRPAPG. Since there is increasing evidence indicating that this region is highly immunogenic, cDNA cloning of the variable regions of heavy‐chain (VH) and of light‐chain (VL) of MAb MUSE11 was performed by using RT‐PCR to provide a basis for analyzing the structure of the antibody‐antigen complex and for producing anti‐idiotypic antibodies. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the VH and VK of MAb MUSE11 could be assigned to subgroups IIIA and II of mouse immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, respectively. When compared with the V regions of other MAbs in the same subgroup, the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) in the VH region of MAb MUSE11 consisted of a unique sequence that may be important in defining the specificity of MAb MUSE11. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of diabetes: Identification of markers for early detection, glycemic control, and monitoring clinical complications
Authors: Wu James T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe hallmark of diabetes mellitus, whether type I or type II, is hyperglycemia. Clinical complications associated with diabetes are most likely the consequence of hyperglycemia via both altered metabolic pathways and nonenzymatic glycation of proteins.The nonenzymatic glycation of proteins is accelerated in diabetes due to elevated blood glucose concentration. The Amadori product of nonenzymatic glycation will further crosslink with other proteins to form advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). The reaction of AGEs with long‐lived proteins, such as collagen, and the uptake of AGEs by the receptors on macrophages, endothelial cells, and platelets are major reasons for the development of various clinical complications in diabetes.Several markers have been identified for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of the disease. Autoantibodies against beta cells are the best markers for mass screening and for early detection of type I diabetes. In addition to glycated hemoglobin, AGEs and blood glycated proteins of various half‐lives could be used for monitoring glycemic control. Several abnormal metabolites have been identified as potential markers for monitoring the severity of various clinical complications. The most interesting findings in diabetic markers could be AGEs. The amount of AGEs found in the tissues could be related to the extent of micro‐ and macrovascular damage and might prove useful for monitoring the treatment of patients at early stages of either nephropathy, atherosclerosis, retinopathy, or neuropathy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principle and applications of ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for antibodies in body fluids
Authors: Ishikawa Eiji , Hashida Seiichi , Kohno Takeyuki , Hirota Kouichi , Hashinaka Kazuya , Ishikawa Setsuko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity and specificity of enzyme immunoassay for antibodies in body fluids have been improved considerably by transferring the complex of labelled antigen and antibody to be detected from one solid phase to another to eliminate interfering substance(s) in the samples (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay). Usefulness of the new method has been tested for antibodies in serum as well as in urine. Anti‐thyroglobulin IgG could be measured not only in serum of all patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and almost all healthy subjects but also in the urine of most of the patients. Anti‐HTLV‐I IgG was unequivocally demonstrated in some of sera, which were indeterminate or negative by Western blotting, and diagnosis of HIV infection by detecting anti‐HIV IgG in urine and saliva would be possible with higher reliability than by conventional methods. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen is useful for monitoring treatment of experimental histoplasmosi
Authors: Kohler Stephen , Blair Robinette , Schnizlein‐Bick Carol , Fojtasek Marvin , Connolly‐Stringfield Patricia , Wheat Joseph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe sought to determine whether measurement of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigen concentration in tissues and blood provided a marker for antifungal effect of itraconazole in a nonlethal murine model of histoplasmosis. Treatment with itraconazole (Sporanox), in cyclodextrin, was evaluated in a pulmonary model of histoplasmosis. Mice infected with 4.0 × 107 yeast‐phase organisms by endotracheal inoculation were treated with itraconazole, 1.5 mg twice daily by gavage, for 10 consecutive days, beginning on day 4 of infection. All mice were sacrificed on day 15 of infection. Blood, spleen, and lung tissues were removed for culture and quantification of antigen. Numbers of organisms were significantly lower in spleens from the treated group: 20.8 ± 41.8 vs. 65.8 ± 39.1 in the control group, P = 0.017. Numbers of organisms in lung were 9.6 ± 27.3 colonyforming units in treated versus 24.2 ± 36.3 in control animals, P = 0.267. Antigen concentrations in spleen tissue and serum were lower in treated versus control mice: spleen, 1.8 ± .6 units in treated versus 11.0 ± 2.3 in controls, P < 0.001; serum, 0.8 ± 0.2 units in treated versus 2.2 ± 1.0 units in controls, P < 0.001. Lung antigen concentrations were similar in the two groups, 19.2 ± 1.4 units in treated compared to 17.9 ± 3.0 units in control mice, P = 0.142. The cyclodextrin formulation of itraconazole (Sporanox) demonstrated antifungal activity in experimental histoplasmosis. Antigen detection was a useful marker for antifungal effect. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Evaluation of protein‐denaturing immunoassays for avidity of immunoglobulin G to rubella virus
Authors: Polanec J. , Seppälä I. , Rousseau S. , Hedman K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmunoassays have been recently developed that measure the avidity of IgG antibodies to complex microbial antigens and are suitable for serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases. In these avidity ELISAs, proteindenaturing agents are applied either as diluents of patient sera to prevent the immune complexing of IgG (diluting principle), or the preformed complexes are treated with the protein denaturants (eluting principle). We compared four protein denaturants previously used in such assays, in a diagnostic avidity ELISA for rubella IgG. Diethylamine, guanidine, thiocyanate, or urea were applied, by either principle at various concentrations, and thiocyanate, or urea were applied, by either principle at various concentrations, and thiocyanate at an optimum pH. Patient sera obtained recently after primary infection were distinguished from sera representing past rubella immunity by any protein denaturant tested by the eluting principle, which was superior to the diluting principle. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐color analysis of peripheral lymphocyte surface antigens in inherently healthy adults
Authors: Yamashiki Masayoshi , Nishimura Akira , Kosaka Yoshitane , James Stephen P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied 134 “healthy persons” with no past history of any serious or latent diseases, and observed differences in their 25 lymphocyte subsets by conducting two‐color analyses using 12 useful combinations of dye‐labeled monoclonal antibodies.CD4+Leu8+ cells and CD25+CD3+ cells were significantly higher in males than in females, whereas CD4+ Leu8− cells and CD23+ CD19+ cells were significantly higher in females. In comparison of the 25 lymphocyte subsets among four age groups, CD45RA− CD4+ cells and CDw29+ CD4+ cells significantly increased with age, and CD8+ CD11b− cells and CD57− CD8+ cells significantly decreased with age.In females, helper T cells significantly increased and helper inducer T cells increased, while cytotoxic T cells decreased with age. These are important findings that should be considered in studies of immune function and autoimmune disorders. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of monoclonal antibodies reactive with meconium‐ and amniotic fluid‐derived mucin
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ohi Hidekazu , Terao Toshihiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to determine whether monoclonal antibodies (moABs TKH‐2, MA54, MA61, B72.3, and CC49) directed toward O‐linked mucin‐type glycoprotein detect the NeuAcα2‐6GalNAc (sialyl Tn) epitope in meconium‐ and amniotic fluidderived mucin. Fetal colonic mucosal cells express the sialyl Tn antigen, particularly in goblet cell mucin. The reactivities of these moABs with a perchloric acid extract of meconium (meconium extract) and different native and neuraminidase treated glycoproteins were examined by solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the moABs react with the meconium supernatant and meconium extract. The reactivities of TKH‐2, MA54, and MA61 are neuraminidase sensitive, and the reactivity of TKH‐2 with meconium extract was specifically inhibited by ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM). A NeuAcα 2‐6GalNAc epitope is the characteristic component in meconium. Mucin released from the fetal respiratory tract could, in part, provide an alternative source in the amniotic fluid. TKH‐2 is the most sensitive antibody directed to sialyl Tn antigen in meconium supernatant. The likelihood of TKH‐2 serving as the basis for a sensitive assay to detect sialyl Tn in meconium‐ and amniotic fluid‐derived mucin is provided. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rapid simple in situ hybridization method for herpes simplex virus employing a synthetic biotin‐labeled oligonucleotide probe: A comparison with immunohistochemical methods for HSV detection
Authors: Wang John Y. , Montone Kathleen T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined 28 paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens with histologic evidence of herpes virus infection by in situ hybridization (ISH) utilizing manual capillary action technology (Micro Probe Staining System) and a 21 base synthetic multibiotinylated oligonucleotide probe from the HSV glycoprotein C region. The results were compared to a rapid simple immunohistochemical (IHC) protocol for detection of HSV proteins. HSV was detected by ISH and IHC in all but one specimen which was shown to be positive for varicella zoster virus by direct fluorescent antibody studies. Hybridization signal was confined to the nucleus in all cases. Staining was identified in cells with early as well as late cytopathic effect. IHC produced intense nuclear and/or cytoplasmic signal in infected cells and stained in areas of necrosis which were otherwise spared by ISH. HSV was detected by IHC and/or ISH in 3/5 specimens with histology suggestive of, but not diagnostic for, HSV infection. Both techniques were sensitive and specific for HSV, resulted in rapid detection of the pathogen in routinely processed tissues, and may be useful in cases where the histologic impression is equivocal for HSV infection. ISH for HSV may be preferred because it can identify early HSV infection, which in turn can be treated with antiviral agents. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primed in situ DNA amplification (PIDA)
Authors: Moss Ronald B. , Kaliner Michael A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel PCR in situ protocol is described which can be implemented in one day. An initial amplification step with a single primer pair is followed by an amplification with an internal oligonucleotide probe with labeled nucleotides (dig‐dUTP). Detection is then accomplished with an antidigoxigenin antibody and substrate solution. This rapid and sensitive method may be useful in diagnosing low copy DNA in tissue specimens and cells. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Automated determination of glycated hemoglobin: Comparative evaluation of five assay systems
Authors: Tiran Andreas , Pieber Thomas , Tiran Beate , Halwachs‐Baumann Gabriele , Dobnig Harald , Grubelnig Horst , Wilders‐Truschnig Martini M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated four newly introduced assays for determination of glycated hemoglobin allowing the processing of large amounts of samples in a clinical routine laboratory. These methods were compared to the Bio‐Rad Diamat system. The investigated methods were the Merck Hitachi L‐9100, a fully automated HPLC analyser, the Abbott IMx glycated hemoglobin ion capture assay, the DAKO HbA1c enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the Boehringer‐Mannheim HbA1c Tinaquant turbidimetric assay. All methods showed generally acceptable precision and good accordance with the Diamat system. Interference study showed influence of anaemia, polycythemia, rheumatoid factor, and chronic hemodialysis on the values of the DAKO ELISA and of anaemia and polycythemia on the values of the Boehringer‐Mannheim Tinaquant assay. All of the investigated methods allow referring of results either as measured or standardised HbA1c values, the latter obtained after calibration with reference to an ion exchange high‐pressure liquid chromatography method. Our data confirm the feasibility of this kind of standardisation of glycated hemoglobin assays, allowing direct comparison of results from various determination methods. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical significance of serum high‐molecular‐mass alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase–lipoprotein‐X complex, and intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Wolf Paul L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper is a study to identify the clinical significance of high‐molecular‐mass alkaline phosphatase (ALP:E:C.3.1.3.1.), ALP–lipoprotein–X complex (LP‐X) and intestinal variant ALP. We used cellulose acetate and agarose gels and techniques including wheat germ lectin, cetavlon‐diethyl ether, thermostatability, neuraminidase and L‐phenylalanine to improve the electrophoretic separation of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Patients' serum samples were electrophoresed from a diverse group of individuals ill with cholestasis, neoplastic disease metastatic to the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal disease. Agarose gels provided better separation of ALP isoenzymes than cellulose acetate gels. The results also indicated that high‐molecular mass ALP is present in patient's serum in conditions associated with cholestasis especially caused by hepatic malignancy. High‐molecular mass ALP was frequently found to co‐exist with the liver isoenzyme and LP–XALP complex. The intestinal variant was identified in patients with malignancy, cirrhosis, chronic renal disease and diabetes mellitus. Intestinal ALP coexisted concomitantly with a variant intestinal ALP. Intestinal variant ALP is most likely composed of intestinal ALP attached to a cellular membrane‐binding domain, or may be an artifact produced by neuraminidase incubation © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new method for detecting anti Helicobacter pylori antibodies: An analytical and clinical evaluation
Authors: Plebani M. , Basso D. , Brigato L. , Cassaro M. , Farinati F. , Di Mario F. , Rugge M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is an important goal in clinical practice. In this paper we evaluated 1. the analytical reliability of a new second‐generation antigen based enzyme immunoassay (Cobas Core Anti Helicobacter pylori EIA) in detecting anti‐Hp IgG antibodies, and 2. the behaviour of anti‐Hp IgG in patients with chronic atrophic and non‐atrophic gastritis as compared to healthy controls. The findings from the dilution curve, the values of intra and inter assay coefficients of variations (never above 10%) and of the recovery test (between 96 and 109%), confirm that the method is reliable. Serum IgG anti‐Hp levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with histologically identified Hp infection, than in those negative at histology. Furthermore, the grade of histological positivity was correlated with serum IgG levels. However, we found a discrepancy between a low prevalence of Hp staining and a high prevalence of Hp seropositivity in patients with chronic atrophic or non‐atrophic gastritis, but not in controls. This suggests that IgG serum determination may be more useful than histology in determining a present or previous infection in patients with chronic atrophic or non‐atrophic gastritis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.