bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A new AGU book, Solar Variability and Its Effects on Climate, edited by Judit M. Pap and Peter Fox, presents a description of the most recent results on solar variability and its possible influence on the Earth's climate and atmosphere. The book explores the challenges facing researchers studying solar‐terrestrial physics in their interdisciplinary work to understand and predict the global effects from the Sun's influence. Sections in the monograph focus on the energy transport from the Sun's interior to Earth's atmosphere, the influences that can lead to varying solar signals and how they affect long‐term global climate change, and a summary of strategies and requirements for future research.In this issue, Eos talks with lead editor Judit M. Pap. Pap is senior research scientist at the Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center at the University of Maryland‐Baltimore County and NASA Goddard Space Science Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Solar Variability and Its Effects on Climate
Authors: Lifland Jonathan 
Published: October 2006

A new AGU book, Solar Variability and Its Effects on Climate, edited by Judit M. Pap and Peter Fox, presents a description of the most recent results on solar variability and its possible influence on the Earth's climate and atmosphere. The book explores the challenges facing researchers studying solar‐terrestrial physics in their interdisciplinary work to understand and predict the global effects from the Sun's influence. Sections in the monograph focus on the energy transport from the Sun's interior to Earth's atmosphere, the influences that can lead to varying solar signals and how they affect long‐term global climate change, and a summary of strategies and requirements for future research.In this issue, Eos talks with lead editor Judit M. Pap. Pap is senior research scientist at the Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center at the University of Maryland‐Baltimore County and NASA Goddard Space Science Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Thermal processes in the context of EarthScope
Authors: Harris Robert N. , Chapman David S. , Furlong Kevin P. , Saffer Demian M. 
Published: October 2006

The EarthScope project is designed to elucidate the dynamics and evolution of the North American continent. To reach that goal, focused studies of the continental seismic structure, the strength of the lithosphere and modes of deformation, the patterns of stresses and strain, and the manner in which the lithosphere responds to excitation during earthquakes are all a high priority.The common factor linking these EarthScope centric issues is the thermal state of the lithosphere. Although not an explicit component of EarthScope in the sense of US Array, PBO or SAFOD, an understanding of the thermal structure and associated thermal processes plays a key role in interpreting the observations generated by the EarthScope infrastructure. In order to help guide EarthScope science to exploit most effectively the links among these observations, a workshop was held to bring together practitioners from the fields of seismology geodesy thermochronology and crustal deformation with researchers who focus on thermal processes. The goal was to define the high priority issues to be addressed through integration of thermal geophysics with Earth‐Scope science.
EarthScope exhibit on Capitol Hill
Authors: Folger Peter 
Published: October 2006

Politicians got a chance to see why funding the National Science Foundation is crucial to the nation's scientific enterprise during an annual exhibit and reception showcasing NSF‐sponsored research, held on 22 June in the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. AGU teamed with the American Geological Institute and the Geological Society of America to co‐sponsor a display about EarthScope that outlined the NSF‐supported multi‐year investigation into the structure and evolution of the North American continent and the physical processes controlling earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.Over 370 people attended the event, including six members of Congress, dozens of congressional staff members, Science Advisor to the President John Marburger, Acting NSF Director Arden Bement, NSF Assistant Director Joseph Bordogna, and several representatives from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Synoptic monitoring of water's return to Mesopotamian marshlands
Authors: Mertes Leal A. K. 
Published: October 2006

The Mesopotamian Marshlands are a recorded element of Sumerian culture since 5000 B.C. [Thesiger, 1964],and have withstood multiple impacts over the centuries until the twentieth century development of dams on the Tigris‐Euphrates systems and greater water demand in Turkey Syria, and Iraq [Gruen,2000] increased their vulnerability to human impact. Devastation of >90% of ∼20,000 km2 of the marshlands [Partow, 2001] occurred over a remarkably short period of time near the end of the twentieth century, when the majority of the area was drained beginning in 1991.The late twentieth century barren landscape showed little hope of a return to its aquatic character until a 2003 military strategy, implemented March through May resulted in return of water to areas that had not been inundated for >10 years. Ali Shaheen, chief of the Iraqi Irrigation Department in Nasiriyah, reported that the tactic of flooding the marshes was designed to interfere with military advances from the south [Axon, 2003].
Reply [to ”Comment on “Investigating environmental tectonics in northern alpine foreland of Europe’”]
Authors: Cloetingh Sierd , Ziegler Peter , Cornu Tristan ,   ENTEC Working Group
Published: October 2006

In our recent contribution to Eos [Cloetingh et al., 2003], we have reported on the scope, objectives, and initial results of a multidisciplinary research program probing the connection between lithosphere processes and surface processes in the Alpine foreland of northwestern Europe.In his comment on this article, Hinzen has zoomed in on the seismicity in the Lower Rhine Embayment, bringing to the attention of the Eos reader unpublished work [e.g., Meidow, 1995] and recent work carried out by Hinzen and associates [e.g., Reamer and Hinzen, 2004] on the German section of the Lower Rhine Embayment, published after the appearance of our Eos contribution.
Focusing on improving automated meteorological observations from ships
Authors: Smith Shawn R. 
Published: October 2006

The High‐Resolution Marine Meteorology (HRMM) community is working to improve the quality of, and access to, surface marine meteorological and oceanographic data collected in situ by automated instrumentation on ships and moored platforms. The purpose of the Second High‐Resolution Marine Meteorology Workshop, hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Climate Observation (OCO), last April, was to discuss implementation of the recommendations from the Workshop on High‐Resolution Marine Meteorology held in Tallahassee, Florida, on 3–5 March 2003 (for details, see http://www.coaps.fsu.edu/RVSMDC/marine_workshop/ Workshop.html).Shipboard automated meteorological and oceanographic systems (SAMOSs) are an essential component of a sustained ocean observing system. SAMOSs provide platform navigation, surface meteorology, and near‐surface ocean data that are ideal benchmarks for new satellite sensors (e.g., WindSat, future National Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) sensors) and global ocean‐atmosphere models. SAMOS sampling is adequate to provide accurate estimates of the variability on scales (from subdiurnal) needed for satellite calibration and validation. Sampling rates also are ideal for estimating turbulent air‐sea heat, momentum, and moisture fluxes that are critical for climate research and can be used to help understand sources of bias and uncertainty in global model flux fields. SAMOS observations from oceanographic research vessels (R/Vs) are of particular importance since these vessels frequently operate in areas far outside the normal merchant shipping lanes.
The Tectonic and Climatic Evolution of the Arabian Sea Region
Authors: Bosence Dan 
Published: October 2006

This multi‐authored volume provides a sampling of current research into the geology of the Arabian Sea region. The editors emphasize the importance of this area as the Earth's best natural laboratory for studying relations between climate and the growth and erosion of an orogenic belt.Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau is now believed to have altered global climate during the Cenozoic, and also to have affected the development of the region's monsoonal climate. The geological features of the region that make it a good area to study such processes include the excellent rock outcrops in the surrounding arid Arabian and Asian landmasses, the locally high rates of sedimentation which provide high‐resolution sedimentological and geochemical information, and the monsoon itself, that imparts an annual time beat in some sedimentary successions. However, the region is very large and access is not always easy. Also, many areas are still poorly known geologically such that this volume contains some papers on basic survey geology.
A 1‐Myr record of paleoclimates from Lake Khubsugul, Mongolia
Authors: Fedotov Andrey , Kazansky Aleksey Y. , Tomurhuu Dondovyn , Matasova Galina , Ziborova Galina , Zheleznyakova Tatyana , Vorobyova Svetlana , Phedorin Michael , Goldberg Evgeny , Oyunchimeg Tserendash , Narantsetseg Tserendash , Vologina Elena , Yuldashev Alexander , Kalugin Ivan , Tomurtogoo Onongyn , Grachev Michael 
Published: October 2006

The ancient Lake Khubsugul in North Mongolia is situated at the far reach of moisture from the North Atlantic into continental Asia [Kuznetsova, 1978]. It is remote from the Pacific Ocean and shielded from the China Sea and the Indian Ocean by high mountains. Information on the paleoclimates in this territory is scarce and sometimes controversial.In winter of 2003, due to a joint project (Khubsugul Drilling Project or KDP) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia, a 53‐m drilling core (KDP‐1) of sediments of Lake Khubsugul was obtained. This article describes the first results of paleomagnetic and geochemical studies of this core, which was found to span the time interval of the last 1.05 Myr. The data suggest that global climate oscillations manifested themselves in repeated desiccation and filling of the lake due to changes in humidity.
Methane hydrate research focus
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Reauthorization of the US. federal Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106‐193, Section 3b) should emphasize that the overriding focus of the Department of Energy's methane hydrate research and development program “should be on the potential importance of hydrate as a future energy resource for the nation and the world.”This, according to a 16 September report, “Charting the Future of Methane Hydrate Research in the United States,” issued by a committee of the US. National Research Council.
Multifacility, multidisciplinary earthquake science and engineering
Authors:   The IRIS/NEES/USGS Workshop and GARNER Valley Experiment Participants
Published: October 2006

A workshop held last spring in Austin,Texas, launched a new era in earthquake science and engineering. Discussions at the workshop, sponsored by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) are leading to the collaborative use of multiple major research facilities to solve challenging scientific and engineering problems related to Earth science and seismic hazards. These facilities included those of IRIS and the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES),both supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Earthquake Program (NEP).The collaborations discussed at the workshop have already turned into reality With the added participation of the NSF‐supported Mid‐America Earthquake Center (MAEC),Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), Center for Embedded Network Sensing (CENS),High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN),and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), a pilot field experiment was conducted to demonstrate (successfully!) the potential of such collaborative science.
CapTimiris Canyon: A newly discovered channel system offshore of Mauritania
Authors: Krastel S. , Hanebuth T. J. J. , Antobreh A. A. , Henrich R. , Holz C. , Kölling M. , Schulz H. D. , Wien K. , Wynn R. B. 
Published: October 2006

Intensive research over the past decades has greatly improved our understanding of processes operating in the deep ocean. There has been a particular focus on continental margins, as sediments deposited in these areas can provide a high‐resolution record of past climatic changes, as well as serve to host some of the world's major hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the exploration and understanding of the deep ocean remains one of the great challenges of the 21st century [Stow and Mayall, 2000], and many fascinating features still wait to be found.The potential for new deep‐water discoveries was recently highlighted during Meteor cruise M58/1 (depart Dakar, Senegal, 21 April 2003, return Las Palmas, Spain, 12 May 2003) of the Research Center Ocean Margins at the Universität Bremen in Germany. A spectacular 400‐km‐long submarine meandering channel system was discovered off Mauritania. In this article, the system is called the Cap Timiris Canyon (Figure 1). Although a series of incisional gullies at the shelf break and uppermost slope have been described before [e.g., Rust and Wienecke, 1973], the enormous size and complex morphology of this submarine channel system were previously unknown.
Earth science and applications from space: A community assessment and strategy for the future
Authors: Anthes Richard A. , Moore Berrien , Charo Arthur 
Published: October 2006

The Space Studies Board, in consultation with other units of the U.S. National Research Council (NRC), has begun a study to generate prioritized recommendations from the Earth and environmental science and applications community regarding a systems approach to the space‐based and complimentary observations that encompasses the research programs of NASA and the related operational programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).The study which will be carried out over a 2‐year period and is organized in a manner similar to other NRC “decadal surveys,” will seek to establish individual plans and priorities within the subdisciplines of the Earth sciences, as well as an integrated vision and plan for the Earth sciences as a whole. It will also consider Earth observations requirements for research and for a range of applications with direct links to societal objectives. Richard Anthes and Berrien Moore have been appointed by the NRC as study cochairs.
Satellites to address ocean and land hydrology
Authors: Lagerloef Gary 
Published: October 2006

Three new exploratory Earth remote sensing satellites are being developed for launch later in the decade to measure ocean salinity and terrestrial soil moisture and thus advance the scientific understanding of the global water cycle and its interactions with ocean circulation, climate, weather, and hydrology. The Aquarius/Satellite Aplicaciones Cientificas SAC‐D). Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS), and Hydrosphere State (HYDROS) missions come at an important time for climate research. There is an imperative to develop comprehensive plans to integrate global satellite measurements effectively with surface‐based climate observations, such as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), and other programs, to yield the highest‐quality, calibrated, synoptic data fields.Recognizing the mutual benefits to optimizing the scientific gain from these programs and to reduce technical risks, the science teams from the Aquarius/SAC‐D, SMOS, and HYDROS missions held a joint workshop in Miami, Florida, last spring to discuss their common science objectives and technical issues. This was designed to foster continuing mutual exchange and planning among the missions and with the ground‐based climate observing systems. The meeting was hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory More than 130 scientists, engineers, and program managers representing 11 different countries attended the meeting.
Forensic studies of infrasound from massive hypersonic sources
Authors: Garces M. , Bass H. , Drop Douglas , Hetzer Claus , Hedlin M. , Le Pichon A. , Lindquist K. , North R. , Olson J. 
Published: October 2006

The rumble of hypersonic objects tearing through the atmosphere can be routinely detected by sensitive infrasound sensors [Brown et al., 2002]. Meteors and reentering spacecraft are the most common hypersonic sources, although supersonic aircraft generate comparable signatures. This article concentrates on two exceptionally energetic events: the tragic Columbia reentry of 1 February 2003 (STS‐107) and the 23 April 2001 superbolide explosion.On 23 April 2001, a large meteor exploded at a height of ˜28.5 km between Hawaii and California. With an estimated explosive energy of ˜10 k of TNT, this event catalyzed the U.S. infrasound community to work with other sectors of government, academia, and industry to provide rapid analyses of any available infrasound, seismic, hydroacoustic, and satellite data that would help identify the explosion source and determine its location.
Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
Authors: Wofsy Steven C. 
Published: October 2006

Kirill Kondratyev and his colleagues present an unusual look at global change issues, with particular emphasis on quantitative models that can capture diverse aspects of the complete Earth system—vegetation, atmosphere, oceans, and human beings. The focus is on the global carbon cycle as a prime indicator of global environmental stresses. It includes some remarkably sharp, and insightful critical analysis of the Kyoto Protocol and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change activity, and provides citations to a large sampling of Russian‐language papers mostly unknown elsewhere.The critique of current policy trends is, in many respects, the most interesting part of the book. The authors are skeptical of claims about attribution of recent climate trends to human intervention, but devastating in their demolition of the “skeptics” views that nothing is seriously wrong in the global environmental system. They convincingly bring to bear the most telling observations and facts to make these arguments compelling and clarifying.
Ophiolites in Earth History
Authors: Selverstone Jane 
Published: October 2006

I began my undergraduate studies in geology in 1974, shortly after the release of the now famous “Anonymous” report on the first Penrose Conference on Ophiolites (Geotimes, 1972). My early geology courses were filled with information on the nature of the seafloor, with details supplied largely from on‐land studies of ophiolites. Pillow basalts and sheeted dike complexes, gabbros, peridotites, and cherts—all of these caught my attention and seemed so elegantly explained by formation at oceanic spreading centers.Over the next couple of decades, I simply assumed that ophiolites were direct analogues for material produced at mid‐ocean ridges, and I missed the nuances of the ongoing debate about whether or not ophiolites really are representative of this tectonic setting.
Locating a radioactive waste repository in the ring of fire
Authors: Apted Mick , Berryman Kelvin , Chapman Neil , Cloos Mark , Connor Chuck , Kitayama Kazumi , Sparks Steve , Tsuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

The scientific, technical, and sociopolitical challenges of finding a secure site for a geological repository for radioactive wastes have created a long and stony path for many countries. Japan carried out many years of research and development before taking its first steps in site selection.The Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan (NUMO) began looking for a high‐level waste repository site (HLW, vitrified residue from reprocessing power reactor fuel) 2 years ago. Over the next 10–20 years, NUMO hopes to find a site to dispose of ∼20,000 tons of HLW in a robustly engineered repository constructed at a depth of several hundred meters.
Changing Sea Levels: Effects of Tides, Weather and Climate
Authors: Austin Jay 
Published: October 2006

Variability in sea level is one of the most readily observable dynamic features of the coastal ocean, obvious to the most casual beachgoer, and of concern to a rapidly growing portion of the world population.Sea level varies on an astoundingly large variety of scales, from surface waves and seiches, tides, and storm surge, to longer‐term variability both man‐made and natural. All of these sources of variability are not only of scientific interest but also of great societal importance, due to the ever‐increasing percentage of the human population living in coastal regions. David Pugh's clearly written and cleanly presented new book, Changing Sea Levels: Effects of Tides, Weather and Climate, covers these topics at a level of sophistication appropriate for an undergraduate science course. The book is rich in the history, lore, and culture of tides and other sea level phenomena, and discusses the ecological and societal impacts of sea level change across the spectrum of phenomena.
Early Earthquakes of the Americas
Authors: Ni James F. 
Published: October 2006

Robert Kovach's second book looks at the interplay of earthquake and volcanic events, archeology and history in the Americas. Throughout history, major earthquakes have caused the deaths of millions of people and have damaged countless cities. Earthquakes undoubtedly damaged prehistoric cities in the Americas, and evidence of these events could be preserved in archeological records.Kovach asks, Did indigenous native cultures—Indians of the Pacific Northwest, Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas—document their natural history? Some events have been explicitly documented, for example, in Mayan codices, but many may have been recorded as myth and legend. Kovach's discussions of how early cultures dealt with fearful events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are colorful, informative, and entertaining, and include, for example, a depiction of how the Maya would talk to maize plants in their fields during earthquakes to reassure them.
NASA EOS sensors demonstrate potential for multiparameter studies of Arctic sea ice
Authors: Meier Walter N. , Marquis Melinda , Kaminski Marilyn , Weaver Ron 
Published: October 2006

Remote sensing of sea ice is a difficult task due to the discontinuous, complex surface (ice, water, snow) and the frequent presence of clouds. Only through combinations of data from a variety of sensor types can a thorough and complete characterization of sea ice be obtained.The sensors on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua,Terra, and ICESat satellites represent a substantial step forward in the ability to observe sea ice.The sensors are a significant advancement over their predecessors in terms of spatial and radiometric resolution. The increased variety of geophysical data products from the sensors provides a wealth of new information about sea ice. Combinations of products from the different sensors have the potential to provide additional insights.