bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Implications for Metal‐Dependent Immunoaffinity Interactions
Authors: Velander W. H. , Orthner C. L. , Tharakan J. P. , Madurawe R. D. , Ralston A. H. , Strickland D. K. , Drohan W. N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImmunosorbents have been developed which utilize metal‐dependent interactions between monoclonal antibody(s) (Mab) and human plasma Protein C and Factor IX, members of the vitamin K‐dependent plasma protein family. In this report, we describe the potential process advantages associated with two different types of divalent metal‐dependent systems: 1) a Mab‐Protein C (antigen) complex which is stabilized in a divalent metal‐free environment and 2) a Mab‐Factor IX (antigen) complex which is stabilized in the presence of divalent metal ions. Chelating agents such as citrate or EDTA are effective agents for sequestering divalent metals. Thus, Protein C binds to the immunosorbent in the presence of EDTA or sodium citrate and can be eluted with buffer containing 25 mM calcium chloride or magnesium chloride. In the second case, Factor IX binds to the immunosorbent in the presence of magnesium chloride and can be eluted with sodium citrate or EDTA. These gentle elution conditions are desirable in order to retain the native structure as well as functional activity of the protein to be immunopurified. Furthermore, unwanted plasma proteins, which may interact nonspecifically with either the agarose matrix or immunoglobulin G (IgG) ligand are less likely to be eluted under these conditions. The calcium‐free citrate buffers used for immunosorption by either of these processes preclude the formation of fibrin solids and eliminate eluents which are difficult to process and which interfere with the biological activity of the product (i.e. chaotropes). The immunoaffinity process we describe for Protein C and Factor IX provides high functionality, purity and yield and demonstrates the feasibility of large‐scale processes utilizing metal‐dependent immunosorbents.
Growth Kinetics of Strawberry Cell Suspension Cultures in Shake Flask, Airlift, Stirred‐Jar, and Roller Bottle Bioreactors
Authors: Hong Y. C. , Labuza T. P. , Harlander S. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGrowth kinetics of strawberry cell suspension cultures (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Brighton) in shake flask, airlift, stirred‐jar, and roller bottle bioreactors were investigated. The specific oxygen consumption rates of strawberry suspension cultures in shake flasks ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 mmol O2/gDCW/hr. These values were relatively low compared to published values of specific oxygen consumption rates in other plant tissue culture systems. The volumetric oxygen‐transfer coefficients in bioreactor systems were determined and found to be influenced by both agitation speed and air flow rate. The specific growth rates of strawberry cell suspension cultures were higher in the roller bottle with baffles (0.15 day−1) than any other system studied. It was difficult to grow cell suspension cultures in the stirred‐jar bioreactor. The roller bottle with baffles shows the best potential for scale‐up.
Average Heat Transfer Coefficients in Twin Screw Extruders
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim O. , Ofoli Robert Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA procedure combining numerical and experimental techniques has been developed to estimate the average heat transfer coefficient for twin screw extruders. The procedure is based on the one‐dimensional heat transfer equation for a non‐Newtonian food dough. Experimental data were collected with 30 degree forwarding kneading discs to provide complete mixing and ensure a uniform temperature distribution in the direction perpendicular to the screw shafts.The average heat transfer coefficients were expressed in terms of the Brinkman and Graetz numbers, with excellent statistical correlation, Results obtained in this study are slightly higher than those reported in the technical literature for single screw extruders. However, the difference can be attributed to better mixing in the twin screw extruder, which enhances heat transfer.
Microcalorimetry, Fluorescence, and Fractionation Study of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Stability and Heterogeneity Implications
Authors: Kennedy C. L. , Zanapolidou H. R. , Sagar S. , Tristam‐Nagle S. A. , Domach M. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe enzyme, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. As indicated by the magnitude of the temperature at which the heat effect due to unfolding is maximal, and the temperature range over which unfolding occurs, the yeast enzyme appears to be less stable than its horse liver counterpart. Additionally, altering the pH from 6.0 appears destabilize the enzyme. The spectral shift in maximal emission wavelength that accompanies an alteration in pH suggests that structural changes occur at extreme values of acid and alkaline pH. When slow scan rate experiments were performed, two separate heat effects could be resolved. The results of our and prior fractionation work indicate that the two heat effects are likely due to two molecular species, and not domains within the YADH molecule.
Active caspases‐8 and −3 in circulating human erythrocytes purified on immobilized annexin‐V: A cytometric demonstration
Authors: Bratosin Daniela , Tcacenco Luminita , Sidoroff Manuela , Cotoraci Coralia , Slomianny Christian , Estaquier Jérôme , Montreuil Jean 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHuman red blood cells (RBCs) have a normal life span of 120 days in vivo and might be primed in vitro to die in response to apoptotic stimuli through a caspase‐independent pathway. It is well known that, in vivo, aging RBCs externalize phosphatidylserine residues but is unknown whether these cells express active caspases at this stage. We isolated RBCs expressing phosphatidylserine on their surface from human blood by applying an original method of affinity chromatography using annexin‐V fixed on gelatin or on magnetic beads. The isolated RBCs were then analyzed by flow cytometry for morphological changes (dot‐plot forward scatter versus side scatter), phosphatidylserine externalization (annexin‐V test), cell viability (calcein‐AM test), and caspase activities using fluorescent substrates specific for caspases‐3 and −8. In addition, cells were systematically visualized using phase contrast, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy. We found that the population of RBCs fixed on annexin‐V is a mixture of discocytes and shrunken cells. This annexin‐V‐positive population showed a dramatic loss of viability based on esterase activity determination (calcein‐AM test). Moreover, we demonstrated that circulating RBCs express both active caspases‐8 and −3 in half of the annexin‐V‐positive cells. All of these results were confirmed by phase contrast, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrate active caspases in RBC isolated from blood suggesting that caspases may participate in the regulation of in vivo RBC half‐life. This finding open the door to fruitful investigations in the field of RBC pathology. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Mantle cell lymphoma with flow cytometric evidence of clonal plasmacytic differentiation: A case report
Authors: Naushad Hina , Choi William W. L. , Page Cynthia J. , Sanger Warren G. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Aoun Patricia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground:Plasmacytic differentiation in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) occurs rarely. However, no flow cytometric studies that demonstrate plasmacytic (PC) differentiation in MCL have been reported. Herein, we report a case of MCL with PC differentiation identified by flow cytometry.Methods:Morphologic review was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections from paraffin‐embedded lymph node, colon and bone marrow specimens, and Wright‐Geimsa stained bone marrow aspirate smears and touch imprints. Immunohistochemical stains using antibodies against CD3, CD5, CD20, and cyclin‐D1, and in‐situ hybridization for kappa and lambda light chains were reviewed. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis was performed on the bone marrow aspirate with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD38, CD45, CD56, CD138, and kappa and lambda light chains. FISH analysis for t(11;14)(q13;q32) was performed on interphase cells.Results:The neoplastic cells had the cytologic features of MCL with nodal, bone marrow, and colonic involvement. In‐situ hybridization for kappa and lambda light chains demonstrated clonal plasma cells in the lymph node and bone marrow biopsies. In addition, flow cytometric studies of the bone marrow aspirate showed three populations of neoplastic cells: a clonal B‐cell population with typical MCL phenotype, a similar B‐cell population in transition to plasma cells, and a clonal plasma cell population. The plasma cells retained CD5 expression and had the same light chain restriction as the clonal B‐cells.Conclusions:Multi‐parameter flow cytometry can be useful in demonstrating clonal PC differentiation in MCL and distinguishing from a concurrent but unrelated plasma cell dyscrasia. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
D‐420720, A novel orally active sulfonamide compound dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor: structure and activity relationship of arylsulfonamide to dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition
Authors: Tsai Henry J. , Chou Shan‐Yen , Chuang Shih‐Hsien , Chen Chien‐Cheng , Hsu Feng‐Lin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characteristic of poor glucose homeostasis that requires constant monitoring and adjustment of blood glucose levels by exogenous intervention. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are two incretin peptide hormones secreted from the intestine to synergize insulin's function at lowering blood glucose. The effects of GLP‐1 or GIP administration are short‐lived because they are rapidly inactivated by circulating dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV). Therefore, DPP‐IV inhibitors have been suggested to be a new class of molecule for treating hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients. The recent approval of Merck's Sitagliptin (a DPP‐IV‐specific inhibitor) indicates that DPP‐IV inhibition is a good target for new therapeutic agent development. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacies of a series of dipeptidyl derivatives with a sulfonamide moiety as DPP‐IV inhibitors. Among these compounds, D‐420720 was a potent inhibitor (Ki=39 nM), with a selectivity of 9160‐fold over the DPP‐II isozyme and elicits a hypoglycemic effect on oral glucose tolerance test with normal male ICR mice. Drug Dev Res 69: 514–525, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity of the rate of spontaneous eye blinking to type of stimuli in young infants
Authors: Bacher Leigh F. , Allen Kara J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of spontaneous eye blinking (SB), few reports focus on the ontogeny of SB. The purpose of the present work was to investigate SB in infants by attempting to manipulate SB and examine potential correlates of SB. Fifty‐two infants were observed in a quiet baseline condition then presented with either moving stimuli or a social stimulus. SB, eye movement, body movement and various background variables were measured. Results demonstrate that SB can be manipulated and that SB rate is differentially sensitive to the type of stimulus presented. Eye and body movements did not systematically relate to the rate of SB. Implications for mechanisms of SB regulation are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 186–197, 2009
Different selves, different values: Effects of self‐construals on value activation and use
Authors: Verplanken Bas , Trafimow David , Khusid Irina K. , Holland Rob W. , Steentjes Gabi M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThree experiments demonstrated structural properties and dynamic effects of self‐construal on the processing and use of values. In Study 1, it was found that self‐focus during encoding caused spontaneous cognitive clustering of individualistic versus relational values. Study 2 demonstrated that self‐construal affected the implicit weight of a value‐related attribute in a multi‐attribute choice task. In Study 3, behavioral intentions were better predicted by personal values than social norms when the personal self was primed, whereas social norms predicted better when the collective self was primed. The effects of manipulated self‐construal were mimicked when comparing participants with an individualistic versus collectivistic cultural background. No interaction was found between priming and cultural background. Taken together, the studies demonstrated that different domains of the self are associated with different values, which may instigate different cognitive and behavioral processes when activated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preferential transport and metabolism of glucose in Bergmann glia over Purkinje cells: A multiphoton study of cerebellar slices
Authors: Barros L.F. , Courjaret R. , Jakoby P. , Loaiza A. , Lohr C. , Deitmer J.W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKnowing how different cell types handle glucose should help to decipher how energy supply is adjusted to energy demand in the brain. Previously, the uptake of glucose by cultured brain cells was studied in real‐time using fluorescent tracers and confocal microscopy. Here, we have adapted this technique to acute slices prepared from the rat cerebellum by means of multiphoton microscopy. The transport of the fluorescent glucose analogs 2NBDG and 6NBDG was several‐fold faster in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex than in Purkinje cell somata and granule cells. After washout of free tracer, it became apparent that most phosphorylated tracer was located in Bergmann glia, which was confirmed by counterstaining with the glial marker sulforhodamine 101. The effective recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching showed that 2NBDG‐P can diffuse horizontally across the molecular layer, presumably through gap junctions between Bergmann glial cells. Our main conclusion is that in acute cerebellar slices, the glucose transport capacity and glycolytic rate of Bergmann glia are several‐fold higher than those of Purkinje cells. Given that the cerebellum is largely fueled by glucose and Purkinje neurons are estimated to spend more energy than Bergmann glial cells, these results suggest substantial shuttling of an energy‐rich metabolite like lactate between glial cells and neurons. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfection with liver‐type glutaminase cDNA alters gene expression and reduces survival, migration and proliferation of T98G glioma cells
Authors: Szeliga Monika , Obara‐Michlewska Marta , Matyja Ewa , Łazarczyk Marzena , Lobo Carolina , Hilgier Wojciech , Alonso Francisco J. , Márquez Javier , Albrecht Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLiver‐type glutaminase (LGA) is a glutaminase isoform that has been implicated in transcription modulation. LGA mRNA is absent from postoperative samples of primary gliomas and is low in cultured astrocytes. In this study, stable transfection of T98G cells with a vector carrying human LGA sequence increased the expression of LGA mRNA and protein, and the ability of the cells to degrade glutamine (Gln), as manifested by a three‐fold reduction of their steady‐state Gln content and a 2.5‐fold increase of their glutamate (Glu) content. The transfected cells (TLGA cells) showed a 40% decrease of cell survival as assessed by colony formation, well correlated with significant reduction of mitochondrial activity as demonstrated with MTT test. Also, a 45% reduction of cell migration and a 47% decrease of proliferation index (Ki67 immunostaining) were found as compared with sham‐transfected cells. Microarray analysis, which included over 47,000 transcripts, revealed a significantly altered expression of 85 genes in TLGA, but not in sham‐transfected or control cells (P < 0.005). Microarray data were confirmed with real‐time PCR analysis for eight genes potentially relevant to malignancy: S100A16, CAPN2, FNDC3B, DYNC1LI1, TIMP4, MGMT, ADM, and TIMP1. Of these changes, decreased expression of S100A16 and MGMT can be best reconciled with the current views on the role of their protein products in glioma malignancy. Malignancy‐reducing effect of newly inserted LGA mRNA in glioblastoma cells can be reconciled with a hypothesis that absence of such a modulatory mechanism in glia‐derived tumors deprived of LGA mRNA may facilitate some aspects of their progression. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐registration of in vivo human MRI brain images to postmortem histological microscopic images
Authors: Singh Manbir , Rajagopalan Amrita , Kim Tae‐Seong , Hwang Darryl , Chui Helena , Zhang Xiao‐Ling , Lee Ae‐Young , Zarow Chris 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCertain features such as small vascular lesions seen in human MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are detected reliably only in postmortem histological samples by microscopic imaging. Co‐registration of these microscopically detected features to their corresponding locations in the in vivo images would be of great benefit to understanding the MRI signatures of specific diseases. Using nonlinear Polynomial transformation, we report a method to co‐register in vivo MRIs to microscopic images of histological samples drawn off the postmortem brain. The approach utilizes digital photographs of postmortem slices as an intermediate reference to co‐register the MRIs to microscopy. The overall procedure is challenging due to gross structural deformations in the postmortem brain during extraction and subsequent distortions in the histological preparations. Hemispheres of the brain were co‐registered separately to mitigate these effects. Approaches relying on matching single‐slices, multiple‐slices and entire volumes in conjunction with different similarity measures suggested that using four slices at a time in combination with two sequential measures, Pearson correlation coefficient followed by mutual information, produced the best MRI‐postmortem co‐registration according to a voxel mismatch count. The accuracy of the overall registration was evaluated by measuring the 3D Euclidean distance between the locations of microscopically identified lesions on postmortem slices and their MRI‐postmortem co‐registered locations. The results show a mean 3D displacement of 5.1 ± 2.0 mm between the in vivo MRI and microscopically determined locations for 21 vascular lesions in 11 subjects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 325–335, 2008
Cell Cycle‐Dependent Effects of 3,3′‐Diindolylmethane on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Chinnakannu Kannagi , Chen Di , Li Yiwei , Wang Zhiwei , Dou Q. Ping , Reddy G. Prem Veer , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits and cruciferous vegetables is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) and its dimeric product 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) have been shown to exhibit anti‐tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we have reported that a formulated DIM (B‐DIM) induced apoptosis and inhibited growth, angiogenesis, and invasion of prostate cancer cells by regulating Akt, NF‐κB, VEGF and the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which B‐DIM inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis have not been fully elucidated. Most importantly, it is not known how B‐DIM affects cell cycle regulators and proteasome activity, which are critically involved in cell growth and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of B‐DIM on proteasome activity and AR transactivation with respect to B‐DIM‐mediated cell cycle regulation and induction of apoptosis in both androgen‐sensitive LNCaP and androgen‐insensitive C4‐2B prostate cancer cells. We believe that our results show for the first time the cell cycle‐dependent effects of B‐DIM on proliferation and apoptosis of synchronized prostate cancer cells progressing from G1 to S phase. B‐DIM inhibited this progression by induction of p27Kip1 and down‐regulation of AR. We also show for the first time that B‐DIM inhibits proteasome activity in S phase, leading to the inactivation of NF‐κB signaling and induction of apoptosis in LNCaP and C4‐2B cells. These results suggest that B‐DIM could be a potent agent for the prevention and/or treatment of both hormone sensitive as well as hormone‐refractory prostate cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 94–99, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in minor lipid components during interesterification
Authors: Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Dutta Paresh C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFats and oils have limited applications in their natural form due to their specific chemical composition. To widen their application and functionality, they need to be modified. Interesterification is one of the modification processes used for this purpose and has advantages over hydrogenation which generates considerable amounts of undesirable trans fatty acids. Numerous studies describe changes occurring during interesterification in triacylglycerols and in physical and chemical properties of the end‐products. The few literature reports available have shown inconsistent results from a slight to extensive loss of tocopherols during the interesterification process. This paper provides information on the effects of interesterification on minor lipid components such as tocopherols, phytosterols and phytosterol oxidation products.
Highly Functional Poly(meth)acrylates via Cascade Reaction
Authors: Popescu Dragos , Keul Helmut , Moeller Martin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA new route to the synthesis of highly functional and reactive polymethacrylates via cascade reactions comprising enzymatically and chemically catalyzed steps is presented. Transacylation of methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate as substrates with different functional alcohols in the presence of Novozyme 435 leads to a mixture of functional monomers, which in a subsequent step was copolymerized via free radical polymerization, resulting in polymethacrylates with predefined functionalities. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, as well as ionic methacrylate repeating units were assembled in a copolymer and adjusted for surface coatings.magnified image
Melt Properties of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) and Poly(butylene terephthalate) and their Interfacial Tension
Authors: Sawpan Moyeenuddin Ahmad , Funke Zofia , Weber Martin , Kammer Hans‐Werner , Kressler Jörg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPressure‐volume‐temperature and surface tension behaviour were studied for random copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) and for poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Results served to determine reduction parameters for the equation‐of‐states by Flory‐Orwoll‐Vrij and by Simha‐Somcynsky as well. Surface tension as a function of copolymer composition displays negative deviation from additivity. It indicates surface excess of styrene units. Similar behaviour with respect to copolymer composition was found for variation of interfacial tension between SAN and PBT. Thickness of surface region is around 1 nm and does not change with copolymer composition whereas extension of interfacial region between PBT and SAN copolymers varies strongly with copolymer composition between around 2 and 60 nm.magnified image