bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing the Lines of Connection: Unveiling the Strange Language of Urbanization
Authors: BOUCHER NATHALIE , CAVALCANTI MARIANA , KIPFER STEFAN , PIETERSE EDGAR , RAO VYJAYANTHI , SMITH NASRA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAcross urban studies there is an increasing preoccupation with the forms of articulation that link a multiplicity of cities across a region often known as the ‘Global South’. How do cities such as Jakarta, São Paolo, Dakar, Lagos, Mumbai, Hanoi, Beirut, Dubai, Karachi, for example, take note of each other and engage in various transactions with each other in ways that are only weakly mediated by the currently predominant notions of urbanism? What might be the lines of connection and how do different cities recognize and experience the textures of their different histories and characters? Six urbanists are assembled here to write in conversation with each other as a way to embody possible collaborative lines of inquiring about these issues.RésuméDans la recherche urbaine, se dessine une préoccupation croissante pour les formes d'articulation qui relient une multiplicité de grandes villes dans une région souvent identifiée comme ‘les pays du Sud’. Comment des villes comme Jakarta, São Paolo, Dakar, Lagos, Mumbai, Hanoï, Beyrouth, Dubaï, Karachi, s'intéressent‐elles les unes aux autres et se livrent‐elles à des transactions mutuelles selon des modalités qui ne passent que très rarement par les grandes notions actuelles d'urbanisme? Quelles pourraient être les voies de raccordement et de quelle manière des villes différentes reconnaissent‐elles et appliquent‐elles les contextures diverses nées de leur histoire et de leurs caractères? Six urbanistes se sont réunis pour rendre compte de leur discussion commune de manière à concrétiser des axes possibles d'études en collaboration concernant ces questions.
Treatment of basal cell carcinomas in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Van Der Geer S , Ostertag JU , Krekels GAM 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground  Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is characterized by the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). A major problem for these patients is the enormous amount of BCCs which can invade in the deep underlying structures, especially in the face. Different treatment modalities are used in these patients; surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, ablative laser therapy and topical 5% imiquimod. There is no evidence based advice how to treat a NBCCS patient.Objective  To give a review of the literature about the possible treatment modalities for the multiple BCCs in NBCCS patients.Results  Literature consists mainly of case reports; no evidence based advice how to treat a NBCCS patient exists. Multiple treatments are available (surgical and non‐surgical), and a lot of them can be combined. Treatment in a megasession is an option to diminish the medical and social inconvenience for the patient.Conflicts of interestNone declared
Evaluation of a sandplay program for preschoolers in a multiethnic neighborhood
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Benoit Maryse , Lacroix Louise , Gauthier Marie‐France 
Published: December 2008

Background: This evaluative study assesses the efficacy of a school‐based secondary prevention program consisting of creative expression workshops for immigrant and refugee preschoolers in a predominantly South Asian multiethnic neighborhood. Coincidentally, the program began in the wake of the tsunami.Method: Pretest and posttest data were collected from the parents and teachers of 105 preschoolers in 10 classes randomly assigned to an experimental or control status. The parents’ and teachers’ versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to assess the children’s mental health. The family’s ethnic origins and premigration experiences of organized violence were considered in the analysis.Results: According to both the teachers’ and parents’ reports, the children in the experimental group benefited moderately from the program, which appeared to reduce the SDQ global score of children whose families had experienced violence in their homelands (t(21) = 3.83,p = .001 (MT1 = 12.81,MT2 = 9.59)), in particular those from South Asia.Conclusion: This study provides some evidence that immigrant preschoolers whose families have experienced adversity before migration can benefit from the creative expression workshops. Further studies are needed to determine if this program can help address the effects of mass media exposure to a disaster or traumatic event on vulnerable communities.
Statins decrease dendritic arborization in rat sympathetic neurons by blocking RhoA activation
Authors: Kim Woo‐Yang , Gonsiorek Eugene A. , Barnhart Chris , Davare Monika A. , Engebose Abby J. , Lauridsen Holly , Bruun Donald , Lesiak Adam , Wayman Gary , Bucelli Robert , Higgins Dennis , Lein Pamela J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractClinical and experimental evidence suggest that statins decrease sympathetic activity, but whether peripheral mechanisms involving direct actions on post‐ganglionic sympathetic neurons contribute to this effect is not known. Because tonic activity of these neurons is directly correlated with the size of their dendritic arbor, we tested the hypothesis that statins decrease dendritic arborization in sympathetic neurons. Oral administration of atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/day for 7 days) significantly reduced dendritic arborizationin vivoin sympathetic ganglia of adult male rats. In cultured sympathetic neurons, statins caused dendrite retraction and reversibly blocked bone morphogenetic protein‐induced dendritic growth without altering cell survival or axonal growth. Supplementation with mevalonate or isoprenoids, but not cholesterol, attenuated the inhibitory effects of statins on dendritic growth, whereas specific inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis mimicked these statin effects. Statins blocked RhoA translocation to the membrane, an event that requires isoprenylation, and constitutively active RhoA reversed statin effects on dendrites. These observations that statins decrease dendritic arborization in sympathetic neurons by blocking RhoA activation suggest a novel mechanism by which statins decrease sympathetic activity and protect against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Effects of HNE‐modification induced by Aβ on neprilysin expression and activity in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Suqing , Malter James S. , Wang Deng‐Shun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe cerebral accumulation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) is a consistent feature of and likely contributor to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to dysregulated production, increasing experimental evidence suggests reduced catabolism also plays an important role in Aβ accumulation. We have previously shown that neprilysin (NEP), the major protease which cleaves Aβin vivo, is modified by 4‐hydroxy‐nonenal (HNE) adducts in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients. To determine if these changes affected Aβ, SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with HNE or Aβ, and then NEP mRNA, protein levels, HNE adducted NEP, NEP activity and secreted Aβ levels were determined. Intracellular NEP developed HNE adducts after 24 h of HNE treatment as determined by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and double immunofluorescence staining. HNE‐modified NEP showed decreased catalytic activity, which was associated with elevations in Aβ1–40 in SH‐SY5Y and H4 APP695wt cells. Incubation of cells with Aβ1–42 also induced HNE adduction of NEP. In an apparent compensatory response, Aβ‐treated cells showed increased NEP mRNA and protein expression. Despite elevations in NEP protein, the activity was significantly lower compared with the NEP protein level. This study demonstrates that NEP can be inactivated by HNE‐adduction, which is associated with, at least partly, reduced Aβ cleavage and enhanced Aβ accumulation.
Mutant copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis binds to adenine/uridine‐rich stability elements in the vascular endothelial growth factor 3′‐untranslated region
Authors: Li Xuelin , Lu Liang , Bush Donald J. , Zhang Xiaowen , Zheng Lei , Suswam Esther A. , King Peter H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a neurotrophic factor essential for maintenance of motor neurons. Loss of this factor produces a phenotype similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We recently showed that ALS‐producing mutations of Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1) disrupt post‐transcriptional regulation of VEGF mRNA, leading to significant loss of expression [Lu et al., J. Neurosci.27 (2007), 7929]. Mutant SOD1 was present in the ribonucleoprotein complex associated with adenine/uridine‐rich elements (ARE) of the VEGF 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). Here, we show by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that mutant SOD1 bound directly to the VEGF 3′‐UTR with a predilection for AREs similar to the RNA stabilizer HuR. SOD1 mutants A4V and G37R showed higher affinity for the ARE than L38V or G93A. Wild‐type SOD1 bound very weakly with an apparent Kd 11‐ to 72‐fold higher than mutant forms. Mutant SOD1 showed an additional lower shift with VEGF ARE that was accentuated in the metal‐free state. A similar pattern of binding was observed with AREs of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐8, except only a single shift predominated. Using an ELISA‐based assay, we demonstrated that mutant SOD1 competes with HuR and neuronal HuC for VEGF 3′‐UTR binding. To define potential RNA‐binding domains, we truncated G37R, G93A and wild‐type SOD1 and found that peptides from the N‐terminal portion of the protein that included amino acids 32–49 could recapitulate the binding pattern of full‐length protein. Thus, the strong RNA‐binding affinity conferred by ALS‐associated mutations of SOD1 may contribute to the post‐transcriptional dysregulation of VEGF mRNA.
Early abortion as narrated by young Swedish women
Authors: Halldén Britt‐Marie , Christensson Kyllike , Olsson Pia 
Published: December 2008

Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate meanings of having had an induced abortion among young Swedish women.Methods: Narrative interviews were conducted with ten 18–20‐year‐old women 2–6 weeks after a medical or surgical abortion in the sixth to twelfth week of pregnancy. Data were analysed according to a phenomenological hermeneutic method.Results: The study disclosed a multitude of complex meanings in the young women’s lived experiences of induced abortion. Four themes were revealed: having cared for and protected the unimagined pregnancy, taking the life of my child‐to‐be with pain, being sensitive to the approval of others and imagining the taken away child‐to‐be. The results are discussed in light of Nussbaum’s theory of development ethics. The young women’s ability to be responsible for their choices regarding their own welfare and others’ well‐being in a life cycle perspective was disclosed, despite the pain inherent in the responsibility of taking the life of their own child‐to‐be.Conclusions: The young women’s narratives were replete with ethical reasoning regarding existential matters related to their responsibility of choosing between induced abortion and parenthood and how to live their lives with this experience. Health‐care professionals could promote young women’s capability to be responsible, as well as the development of trust in their own fertility and constructive relationships with significant others. In the development of the prevention of unintended pregnancies and the sexual education of young people in Sweden existential dimensions of undergoing an abortion should be given attention.
Does moral judgement improve in occupational therapy and physiotherapy students over the course of their pre‐licensure training?
Authors: Geddes E. Lynne , Salvatori Penny , Eva Kevin W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHealthcare professionals often encounter moral dilemmas in clinical practice that require increased responsibility and accountability for ethical decision‐making. This paper reports the results of a 6‐year longitudinal study that explored changes in moral judgement of five consecutive cohorts of occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) students over the course of their professional training. The training programme included an ethics education component. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) developed at the University of Minnesota was used to measure moral judgement. A total of 548 students participated in the study. At entry into their professional training, the DIT scores of the OT and PT students were similar but higher overall than the norms established for college level students or for graduates from professional programmes in the DIT standardization sample. At the time of graduation, results showed no significant differences in moral judgement scores between males and females, their chosen programme of study (OT or PT), year of entry, or previous education. Comparing entry scores to exit scores from both programmes for 288 students who provided data at both times, we found that moral judgement scores increased significantly in both OT and PT students over the 2‐year programme of study. No differences were found in scores across gender, programme, year of entry, or previous education. Implications are discussed for including a formal ethics education component in the curricula of all health professional training programmes. Recommendations for future research are outlined.
Knowledge translation in interprofessional education: what difference does interprofessional education make to practice?
Authors: Mann Karen , Sargeant Joan , Hill Tanya 
Published: December 2008

Abstract Cancer Care Nova Scotia developed an Interprofessional Core Curriculum for Nova Scotia health professionals, using a provincial educational needs assessment of health professionals caring for patients with cancer. This paper reports on the educational outcomes of the Interprofessional Core Curriculum programme, particularly the translation of learning into changes in practice and interprofessional interaction, and factors influencing change. The evaluation was guided by Kirkpatrick's model for assessing educational outcomes and Green and Kreuter's PRECEDE model of factors promoting and impeding change. In total, 411 participants attended the sessions, including nurses (54%), pharmacists (23%), and physicians (11%). We used self‐report questionnaires to assess the transfer of learning into changes in practice and interprofessional interactions. High percentages of participants reported changes in both clinical practice and interprofessional interactions 3 months after the sessions. Frequently reported changes to interprofessional interactions were improved communication, increased confidence and assertiveness in interactions with other health professionals and being more respectful of other professions. Participants identified time and work‐load as major barriers to change as well as lack of micro‐ and macro‐system level support. The most common reported enabler of change was having attended the educational session. Overall, participants were highly supportive of interprofessional education, although when compared to nurses and pharmacists, physicians were less supportive and had proportionately lower attendance.
Analysts' Incentives and Street Earnings
Authors: BAIK BOK , FARBER DAVID B. , PETRONI KATHY 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTWe examine whether analysts' incentives are associated with street earnings. Because prior research argues that analysts' incentives to promote stocks increase in the extent to which the stock exhibits glamour characteristics, we predict that analysts are more likely to make income‐increasing adjustments in determining street earnings for glamour stocks than for value stocks. We find that analysts are more likely to exclude expense items from street earnings for glamour stocks than for value stocks and that excluded expense items help predict future earnings for glamour stocks but not for value stocks. Overall, our results suggest that analysts' self‐interest influences street earnings and this self‐interest leads to street earnings that are less useful in predicting future earnings for glamour stocks.
Guadalupan Devotion in Mexico: A Historiographical Consideration
Authors: Hall Linda 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe scholarly attention to devotion to Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico has shifted, from the 1970s on, from struggles over whether or not she actually appeared in 1531 to discussions of the nature of that devotion in two ways in which it has taken on personal, religious, and national significance: that is, the ways in which individuals and Mexican society have reacted and interacted with this most important figure.
Quality‐initiated prophylactic antibiotic use in laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: CHANG Wei‐Chun , LEE Meng‐Chih , YEH Lian‐Shung , HUNG Yao‐Ching , LIN Cheng‐Chieh , LIN Long‐Yau 
Published: December 2008

Background:An evidence‐based initiation of quality improvement activity for reducing the usage of prophylactic antibiotic in laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) in a tertiary hospital.Aims:The authors investigated whether single or multiple doses of cefazoline were more cost‐effective in preventing postoperative infection associated with LAVH.Methods:The study groups comprised of 310 patients who had undergone LAVH continuously in a medical centre. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of whether they received a single dose or multiple doses (range: two to four doses) of cefazoline during the perioperative period. Postoperative infections such as pelvic cellulitis or abscess, vaginal cuff abscess, wound infection and urinary tract infection that occurred either during hospitalisation or within one month after discharge were observed and recorded. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated using the mean direct drug cost and the prophylactic effect of infection in both groups.Results:The prophylactic effect of infection was similar in the single‐dose group and the multiple‐dose group (94.6% vs 93.9%,P = 0.986). The ICER was significantly lower in the single‐dose group (153.3 vs 460.4,P < 0.001).Conclusions:The result revealed that a single dose of cefazoline is more cost‐effective than multiple doses in the prevention of infection associated with LAVH. It fulfils the goal of cost minimisation and quality of care in today's environment of medical cost containment.
Proteomic Analysis Demonstrates Adolescent Vulnerability to Lasting Hippocampal Changes Following Chronic Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Hargreaves Garth A. , Quinn Heidi , Kashem Mohammed A. , Matsumoto Izuru , McGregor Iain S. 
Published: December 2008

Background:  Excessive teenage alcohol consumption is of great concern because alcohol may adversely alter the developmental trajectory of the brain. The aim of the present study was to assess whether chronic intermittent alcohol intake during the adolescent period alters hippocampal protein expression to a greater extent than during adulthood.Methods:  Adolescent [postnatal day (PND) 27] and adult (PND 55) male Wistar rats were given 8 hours daily access to beer (4.44% ethanol v/v) in addition to ad libitum food and water for 4 weeks. From a large subject pool, subgroups of adolescent and adult rats were selected that displayed equivalent alcohol intake (average of 6.1 g/kg/day ethanol). The 4 weeks of alcohol access were followed by a 2‐week alcohol‐free washout period after which the hippocampus was analyzed using 2‐DE proteomics.Results:  Beer consumption by the adult group resulted in modest hippocampal changes relative to alcohol naïve adult controls. The only changes observed were an up‐regulation of citrate synthase (a precursor to the Krebs cycle) and fatty acid binding protein (which facilitates fatty acid metabolism). In contrast, adolescent rats consuming alcohol showed more widespread hippocampal changes relative to adolescent controls. These included an increase in cytoskeletal protein T‐complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (TCP‐1) and a decrease in the expression of 10 other proteins, including glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), triose phosphate isomerise, alpha‐enolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (all involved in glycolysis); glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (an important regulator of glutamate); methylmalonate‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase (involved in aldehyde detoxification); ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (a regulator of protein degradation); and synapsin 2 (involved in synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter release).Conclusions:  These results suggest the adolescent hippocampus is more vulnerable to lasting proteomic changes following repeated alcohol exposure. The proteins most affected include those related to glycolysis, glutamate metabolism, neurodegeneration, synaptic function, and cytoskeletal structure.
Attenuation of the Stimulant Response to Ethanol is Associated with Enhanced Ataxia for a GABAA, but not a GABAB, Receptor Agonist
Authors: Holstein Sarah E. , Dobbs Lauren , Phillips Tamara J. 
Published: December 2008

Background: The γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system is implicated in the neurobiological actions of ethanol, and pharmacological agents that increase the activity of this system have been proposed as potential treatments for alcohol use disorders. As ethanol has its own GABA mimetic properties, it is critical to determine the mechanism by which GABAergic drugs may reduce the response to ethanol (i.e., via an inhibition or an accentuation of the neurobiological effects of ethanol).Methods: In this study, we examined the ability of 3 different types of GABAergic compounds, the GABA reuptake inhibitor NO‐711, the GABAAreceptor agonist muscimol, and the GABABreceptor agonist baclofen, to attenuate the locomotor stimulant response to ethanol in FAST mice, which were selectively bred for extreme sensitivity to ethanol‐induced locomotor stimulation. To determine whether these compounds produced a specific reduction in stimulation, their effects on ethanol‐induced motor incoordination were also examined.Results: NO‐711, muscimol, and baclofen were all found to potently attenuate the locomotor stimulant response to ethanol in FAST mice. However, both NO‐711 and muscimol markedly increased ethanol‐induced ataxia, whereas baclofen did not accentuate this response.Conclusions: These results suggest that pharmacological agents that increase extracellular concentrations of GABA and GABAAreceptor activity may attenuate the stimulant effects of ethanol by accentuating its intoxicating and sedative properties. However, selective activation of the GABABreceptor appears to produce a specific attenuation of ethanol‐induced stimulation, suggesting that GABABreceptor agonists may hold greater promise as potential pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorders.