bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST REACTION IN CHICKEN EMBRYOS. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE YOLK SAC, THYMUS, BONE MARROW AND BURSA OF FABRICIUS
Authors: Walker Karen Z , Schoefl Cutta I , Lafferty KJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of a graft‐versus‐host reaction on the development of the yolk sac, bursa of Fabricius, thymus and tome marrow was examined in chicken embryos inoculated at different stages of development with blood from an allogeneic adult donor. Haemopoietic tissue of the yolk sac folds showed depletion of stem cells at each stage investigated but it was particularly severe in very young embryos. The effect of a graft‐versus‐host reaction on intraembryonic haemopoietic tissue was either aplasia or the appearance of proliferative lesions, depending on the age of the recipient and the developmental stage of the particular organ. Lymphopoiesis in the thymus was severely depressed in embryos inoculated at day 5 or day 6, and follicles in the bursa from embryos inoculated at day 8 to day 14 were poorly developed. Proliferative lesions first appeared in the thymus when embryos were inoculated at day 6 or day 8. They first developed in the bone marrow of embryos inoculated at day 10, but were not found in the bursa of embryos inoculated before day 14. The time when proliferative lesions could first be induced in these organs closely correlated with the time at which they were populated with yolk‐sac‐derived stem cells. The nature of a graft‐versus‐host reaction in chicken embryos therefore appears to depend on the development and maturation of its haemopoietic tissues.
OUABAIN‐INDUCED GROWTH RETARDATION AND DEATH IN CHICK EMBRYOS
Authors: Edwards Anne , Gupta JD , Harley JD 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOuabain injected into the air space of fertile hen eggs on the seventh day of incubation produced retardation of growth of the embryos incubated over a further period of five days. An injected close of 35 μg of ouabain per embryo caused 24% mortality of the eggs as against 9% in the saline‐injected controls. The survivors showed marked retardation of growth as ouabain‐treated embryos had a significantly lower weight than the saline‐injected controls. On doubling the dose of ouabain, the mortality rate increased to 57% and the growth retardation in the survivors was even more pronounced. Apart from growth inhibition, no gross structural abnormalities were noticed. The activity of the enzyme Na+‐K+ activated adenosine triphosphatase was depressed in the erythrocytes of the ouabain‐treated chicks.
THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN ON THE PULMONARY EXTRACTION OF PGF2α, AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO PGF2α
Authors: Jackson HR , Hall RC , Hodge RL , Gibson E , Katic F , Stevens M 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAspirin significantly inhibited the pulmonary extraction of prostaglandin F2α. This effect of aspirin on the pulmonary circulation was associated with a significant change in the cardiovascular response to intravenous infusions of prostaglandin F2α but no change in the response to arterial infusions.Before aspirin intravenous infusions of prostaglandin F2α caused a significant fall in central venous pressure and a rise in cardiac output, while after aspirin prostaglandin F.2α caused a rise in central venous pressure and a fall in cardiac output.
EFFECT OF ANTI‐CELL AND ANTI‐AXIAL FILAMENT SERA ON LEPTOSPIRA
Authors: Chang Annabella , Faine S 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAntisera produced against either whole leptospiral cells or purified axial filament (AF) both possessed agglutinating activity towards live cultures and precipitated AF in gel diffusion reactions. The anti‐cell serum possessed, in addition, precipitating activity to an unideutified antigen when reacted against a crude preparation of AF.The AF antigen was heat‐labile; a suspension of boiled cells was used to absorb out antibodies to heat‐stable somatic antigens. This absorption resulted in a drop in the agglutinating titre in both the anti‐cell and anti‐AF sera, but residual agglutinating activity was always present after repeated absorptions. After absorptions, both of the antisera reacted only with AF antigen in precipitation with crude AF extracts.The anti‐cell sera showed immobilising activity which was apparently a secondary effect resulting from damage to the cell by anti‐somatic antibodies. The anti‐AF sera showed some, but not strong, immobilising activity. The absence of complete immobilisation dees not necessarily exclude the AF from a role in motility.Treatment with anti‐cell serum resulted in degradation of the leptospiral cell structure seen firstly in the enveloping sheath, followed by the protoplasmic cylinder and, finally, lysis. Treatment with specific anti‐AF serum did not lead to degradation or lysis of the cells.
PROTEIN PATTERNS IN NORMAL AND INDUCED PATHOLOGICAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF MICE
Authors: Feiglin B , Reade PC 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe soluble eytoplasmic protein fractions obtained from homogenates of mouse submandibular salivary glands following the production in the glands of either hyperplastic, hypertrophic or neoplastic changes was investigated. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic identification it was found that serum and saliva proteins contributed markedly to the salivary gland homogenate protein pool. After subtracting the serum and saliva protein components from the total homogenate patterns, it was shown that there were similarities between the glandular proteins of the various treatment groups as well as proteins peculiar to each of the induced pathologies, which indicated that there was some specificity in each response in terms of new protein production and the related cellular changes.
STUDIES ON FELINE LYMPHOSARCOMA IN THE SYDNEY AREA
Authors: Sabine Margaret , Wright RG , Love Daria N 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFeline lymphosarcoma was shown to be the most common neoplastic disease of cats in the Sydney area, and the only one found in cats under the age of two years. The disease was readily transmitted to neonatal kittens by inoculation of tissue extracts or plasma from infected cases. Typical feline C‐type virus particles were observed in spontaneous and transmitted cases.Inoculation of a continuous line of kitten embryo cells with plasma from a spontaneous case of lymphosarcoma produced alteration in the growth characteristics of the cells. Altered cells inoculated into neonatal kittens produced lymphosarcoma within seven weeks.
PHAGOCYTOSIS OF BACTERIA IN VITRO BY HAEMOCYTES FROM THE CRAYFISH (PARACHAERAPS BICARINATUS)
Authors: Tyson CJ , Jenkin CR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA quantitative study has been made in vitro of the phagocytosis of bacteria by haemocytes from freshwater crayfish (Pamchaeraps bicarinatus). The data presented show that the uptake of bacteria by these cells is dependent on certain recognition factors which may be present either free in the haemolymph or associated with the plasma membrane of phagocytic cells.
TRANSFER OF THE SALMONELLA COLICIN CHARACTER IN SALMONELLA CULTURES
Authors: Atkinson Nancy 
Published: November 2007

SummaryStrains of Salmonella previously divided into four groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) on their production of colicin‐like antibiotics (called salmonella colicins or 'salcols’) were examined in the present work for ability to transfer their salmonella colicin character in mixed culture to non‐producer strains of Salmonella or Arizona as recipients. Producer strains of groups 1 and 4 readily transferred the salcol character, but no evidence of transfer was obtained with producer strains of groups 2 and 3. The group 1 salcol factors were related to the factor for colicin I and were shown to be of three kinds (labelled 1a, 1b and 1c) defined by the inhibition zone patterns of their salcols on two Salmonella indicator strains. The group 4 salcol producer was shown to have two salcol factors; one was transferable and gave rise to the production of a non‐diffusible salcol related to colicin B; the second factor was not transferable and gave rise to a diffusible salcol related to, but not identical with, colicin V. Differences in transferability and inhibition zone pattern distinguished the salcols from the related colicins.
ANTIBODIES AND SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF IMMUNIZED CONGENITALLY ATHYMIC (NU/NU) MICE
Authors: Marchalonis John J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCongenitally athymic mice homozygous (nu/nu) for tile mutation “nude” and control littermates (nu/+) possessing normal thymus function were immunized with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Nu/nu and nu/+ animals responded well to this thymus‐independent antigen, giving identical titres of serum antibodies. Unexpectedly, nu/nu mice as well as nu/+ animals produced both γM anti γG antibodies by 16 days following a single injection. Surface immunoglobulins of immunized nu/nu and nu/+ mice were isolated by lactoperoxidase‐catalyzed radioiodination, detergent extraction and immunoglobulin coprecipitation. The predominant surface immunoglobulin component on cells of both types of mouse was 7S γM immunoglobulin. The amount of γM surface immunoglobulin recovered from nu/nu mice was generally comparable to that extracted from nu/+ and normal CBA mice.
CROSS‐REACTIVITY OF THE AXIAL FILAMENT ANTIGEN AS A CRITERION FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LEPTOSPIRA
Authors: Chang Annabella , Faine S , Williams WT 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe relationship aniong 36 strains of leptospires belonging to 15 serogroups was established, using the cross‐reactivity of the axial filament antigen in the immunodiffusion reaction as a criterion.The pattern of cross‐reactions obtained was analysed by a hierarchical method, using agglomerative‐polythetic strategy.Eight groups were formed, comprising two complexes. These new groups showed limited correlation with the current classification based on agglutinin‐absorption reactions, but showed some correlation with classifications based on other data, such as genetic homology, resistance to purine analogues and lipase activity.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OVINE TOXOPLASMA INFECTION
Authors: Hartley WJ , Moyle GG 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThis paper records a seven year follow‐up epidemiological investigation in the surviving offspring of a flock of ewes which had experienced an outbreak of overt congenital toxoplasmosis. The following observations were made:Fifty‐one percent of the offspring of dye test (D.T.) positive ewes developed antibodies to Toxoplasma.The duration and level of this antibody response varied considerably: in some sheep it was persistent and in others it fluctuated between negativity and positivity, and in one year there was a general and pronounced rise in D.T. titres.Fourteen percent of the offspring of dams with a D.T. titre of 1:64 became sero‐positive, whereas 90% of the offspring of ewes with D.T. titres of 1:1,024 or greater became sero‐positive.No congenital transmission of Toxoplasma occurred when the D.T. positive offspring were mated.All offspring born from D.T. negative ewes and running in contact with D.T. positive sheep remained sero‐negative over a 6 year period.Latent congenital Toxoplasma infection persisted in 93% of D.T. positive offspring for up to 7 years.
IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSES IN THE MARSUPIAL SETONIX BRACHYURUS (THE QUOKKA). CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HOMOCYTOTROPIC ANTIBODY
Authors: Lynch NR , Turner KJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe biological properties of the homocytotropic antibody (HCA) of the marsupial Setonix brachyurus (the quokka) were closely comparable to those of eutherian (placental species) IgE. However, the quokka HCA was indistinguishable from the IgG1 class. Agar gel electrophoresis, Sephadex G‐200 chromatography and sequential elution from DEAE‐cellulose and CM‐cellulose did not separate the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) and IgG1 passive haemagglutination (HA) activities in quokka antisera. No antigenic differences between the IgG1 HA antibody and the HCA were detected. In addition to quokka IgG1, tissue‐fixing IgG has been demonstrated in eutherian and avian species and thus it is suggested that the extant IgG and IgE classes evolved from a primitive cytotropic γ chain.
A MICROTITRE SERUM NEUTRALIZATION TEST FOR BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS
Authors: Burgess GW 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA simple quantitative screening test for measuring serum neutralizing antibody to bovine ephemeral fever virus has been developed using Vero cells and plastic microtitre trays. The sensitivity of the test is comparable with conventional methods and represents a considerable saving in time, equipment and reagents. This procedure differs from other similar microtitre procedures in that serum/virus mixtures are not incubated prior to the addition of the cells.
PROTHROMBIN ISOLATION AND ASSAY
Authors: Madaras F , Parkin JD , Castaldi PA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA simple method for purification of prothrombin from small quantities of plasma using electrophoresis in urea‐acrylamide gel has been developed. The antiserum produced against this prothrombin has been used in a quantitative immunological assay for the measurement of prothrombin protein. The prothrombin concentration in 50 clinically healthy subjects has been measured and a normal range established. The assay is applicable to the study of normal and abnormal prothrombin, to in vivo studies of transfused prothrombin and to comparative animal studies.
THE EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOID ON IMMUNOGLOBULIN SECRETION INTO COLOSTRUM IN COWS
Authors: Brandon MR , Husband AJ , Lascelles AK 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of corticosteroid‐induced parturition on transfer of immunoglobulin into mammary secretion of cows has been studied. Seven nonlactating cows in late gestation were injected intramuscularly with a long‐acting synthetic glucocorticoid and the concentrations of IgG1, and IgG2, were followed in blood serum and mammary secretion which were collected before and after parturition.Within 1 week of injection the udder became distended with secretion identical in appearance to mature milk. In contrast to the situation in normal cows approaching parturition, both the concentration of IgG1, in secretion and the selective index of IgG1, decreased after the glucocorticoid injection. A feature of the results was the absence in treated cows of the characteristic decrease in serum concentration of IgG1, just before parturition.It is concluded that glucocorticoid treatment of cows in late pregnancy results in a decreased availability of colostral immunoglobulin to the newborn calf.
CYTOPHILIC ATTACHMENT OF OVINE IgG2 TO AUTOLOGOUS POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Watson DL 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPreparations of ovine polymorphs were stained with fluorosceinconjugated, monospecific anti‐immunoglobulin sera. Approximately 26% of polymorphs specifically stained with anti‐γ2, 16% with anti‐light chain, 24% with anti‐Fab and 24% with anti‐ovine serum. There was no significant staining of polymorphs with anti‐γ1, anti‐μ or anti‐α. Cytophilic IgG2 could be removed from the cells by incubation at 37° and subsequently replaced by incubation in autologous serum at 4°.
FIBRINOGEN‐LIKE PROTEINS AND FIBRINOLYTIC PROTEINS IN A SALINE ELUATE FROM SUCROSE WASHED BOVINE ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Goodger BV 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPlasminogen and a spectrum of fibrinogen‐like proteins are found in a saline eluate of sucrose washed bovine erythrocytes. It seems probable that these proteins are membrane bound in vivo, and, as such, their physiological significance is discussed.
INHIBITION OF INTESTINAL UPTAKE OF AMINO ACIDS BY UNCONJUGATED BILE SALT
Authors: Burke Valerie , Gracey Michael , Thomas Jennifer , Malajczuk Anne 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe unconjugated bile salt, sodium deoxycholate, at a concentration of 0·5 mM was shown to inhibit the intestinal uptake of the amino acids L‐glycine, L‐leucine, L‐proline, L‐lysine and L‐tyrosine in rats in vitro. This effect was acutely reversible except for tile basic amino arid L‐lysine and is therefore not simply due to tissue damage. These results, and the recent finding that sodium deoxycholate inhibits intestinal absorption of amino acids in vivo, suggest that impaired intestinal amino acid transport may contribute to hypo‐proteinaemia in patients with bacterial overgrowth in the upper small intestine in whom deoxycholate is present in the small intestinal lumen in excessive concentrations.
PREPARATION AND TESTING OF GOAT ANTI‐THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN
Authors: Mears DC , Sheil AGR , Kelly GE , Beerenfels PC 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThis study details methods of production, purification and testing of large volumes of uniformly potent, non‐toxic, anti‐human thymocyte globulin (ATG), Plasma from 70 goats immunised with human thymic lymphocytes was fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation to its IgG component. Contaminating antibodies were removed by absorption methods. After fractionation and absorption, ATG retained its ability to inhibit the formation of rosettes by human lymphocytes with sheep red blood cells. Antibodies to human glomerular basement membrane were not detected in any tested preparation. Tests performed on monkeys, mice and rabbits revealed low toxicity.
DETERMINATION OF THE RELATEDNESS OF THE SOLUBLE SURFACE PROTEINS OF TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI AND PARAMECIUM AURELIA
Authors: Reisner AH , Westwood NH 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe soluble surface proteins isolated by Cross (1975) from Trypanosoma brucei are compared to those which occur on Paramecium aurelia. Calculations based on the amino acid residue data and the molecular weights of these surface antigens indicate that there is a considerable degree of similarity between the T. brucei and the P. aurelia proteins, and that in neither case can simple mutation be responsible for the differences of molecules within each family of antigens. The analyses are consistent with the suggestion that the P. aurelia system can serve as a model for the phenomenon of phase transformation (relapse syndrome) which occurs in trypanosomiasis.
CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY OF L‐FORMS AND MYCOPLASMA
Authors: Harwick Herbert J , Kalmanson George M , Guze Lucien B 
Published: November 2007

SummaryL‐forms of Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis showed significantly less chemotactic activity for normal human leucocytes than did parent bacterial forms which were strongly chemotactic. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma hominis did not demonstrate chemotactic activity.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF SOMATOMEDIN FROM HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Cornell HJ , Wilmot HC 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFractional precipitation of human plasma using ethanol, followed by chromatography, on S.P. Sephadex, yielded a somatomedin‐enriched fraction freed from substantial amounts of inhibitory substances. Heat coagulation of the proteins present in this fraction allowed the recovery of appreciable amounts of active components which were then chromatographed on Sephadex G‐75 and S.P. Sephadex. A major part of the activity was associated with components less than 4,000 daltons. suggesting that somatomedin, or an active fragment thereof, had been dissociated from a carrier protein by the heat treatment. The range of pH employed throughout was 5·3‐9·8. Recoveries of about 30% of biological activity with fold‐purification up to 38, as measured by radioactive sulphate uptake in the chick pelvic cartilage assay, were higher than those obtained using acid‐ethanol extraction.
EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY ON RAT INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Authors: Subramoniam A 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of pyridoxine deficiency was studied on the intestinal alkaline phosphatase of rat. Different segments of the intestine differed in their response to pyridoxine deficiency. In the duodenum alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased, whereas it was markedly increased in the ileum and the jejunal enzyme was least affected. The electrophoretic pattern of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase was altered in the ileum of B6 deficient rats.
HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS IN THE FOETAL MOUSE THYMUS
Authors: Barg Michele , Mandel TE , Johnson GR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe presence of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the foetal mouse thymus was assessed to determine whether all cells which enter the developing organ are precommitted to thymocyte differentiation, or if stem cell multi‐potentiality still exists. The Till and McCulloch spleen colony assay was used to delineate foetal‐thymus derived HSC in lethally irradiated recipients. Of the range examined, between 13 days of gestation to birth, a peak of stem cell activity occurs in 15‐day foetal thymus. The surface colonies produced by the thymus‐derived HSC are small compared to colonies produced by the liver‐derived HSC, although well within the range of the latter. Histologically, five types of colonies were identifiable which were produced by the thymus‐derived HSC, indicating that these cells retain the potential to form a wide range of differentiated colonies.
A METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF ABLASTIN IN THE SERUM OF RATS INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI
Authors: Ferrante A , Drew PA , Jenkin CR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThis paper describes a simple quantitative assay for ablastin, a factor present in the serum from rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi. which prevents the division of the parasite. The assay measures in vitro the inhibition of the incorporation of 3H‐TdR into the DNA of T. lewisi in the presence of serum from infected animals. Utilising this method, one can measure the titre of ablastin in a particular serum sample and the time and duration of its appearance in the circulation of infected rats.
PERSISTENCE, IN THE MOUSE GUT AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ORAL IMMUNOGENICITY OF STRAINS OF V. CHOLERAE
Authors: Bloom L , Rowley D 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe immue responses of mice following oral vaccination with two strains of live V. cholera have been examined. A strain which persisted in the small intestine was a superior local immunogen by comparison with another non‐persisting strain. Local persistence and the ability to induce a local immune response appeared to be correlated, since the two vibrio strain elicited identical responses when given parenterally.
ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT BY A MURINE PARASITIC NEMATODE (NEMATOSPIROIDES DUBIUS)
Authors: Prowse SJ , Ey PL , Jenkin CR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe cuticular surface of the infectious third‐stage larvae of Nematospiroides dubius activates complement via the alternative pathway. Sensitisation of larvae with complement or with antibodies from the serum of immune mice (resistant to reinfection) promoted the adherence of mouse peritoneal exudate cells to the larval cuticle during incubation in vitro. The infectivity of larvae sensitised with antibody or complement was significantly reduced after incubation with cells from immune mice.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF MUCOSUBSTANCES AND KERATINS OF THYMIC CORPUSCLES
Authors: Caso Louis V 
Published: November 2007

SummaryKeratin and prekeratin have been visualized histochemically by testing the reactivity of disulfide groups in the thymic corpuscles of the sheep, Rhesus monkey, rabbit and dog, and the reactivity of sulfhydryl groups in the sheep, Rhesus monkey, rabbit and rat. Ten to 50% of the thymic corpuscles showed keratinization by this method. Acidic mucosubstances were visualized histochemically in the Rhesus monkey, sheep and rat but not in the rabbit. Staining for vic‐glycol groups was prominent in all species tested.Neuraminidase treatment with subsequent Alcian blue‐periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining indicated the presence of sialomucins in the thymic corpuscles of the monkey and rat, but sialomucins were not demonstrated in the rabbit.