bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of an appearance‐focused intervention to prevent skin cancer
Authors: Hillhouse Joel , Turrisi Rob , Stapleton Jerod , Robinson June 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Skin cancer represents a significant health threat with over 1.3 million diagnoses, 8000 melanoma deaths, and more than $1 billion spent annually for skin cancer healthcare in the US. Despite findings from laboratory, case‐control, and prospective studies that indicate a link between youthful indoor tanning (IT) and skin cancer, IT is increasing among US youth. Appearance‐focused interventions represent a promising method to counteract these trends.METHODS.A total of 430 female indoor tanners were randomized into intervention or no intervention control conditions. Intervention participants received an appearance‐focused booklet based on decision‐theoretical models of health behavior. Outcome variables included self‐reports of IT behavior and intentions, as well as measures of cognitive mediating variables.RESULTS.Normative increases in springtime IT rates were significantly lower (ie, over 35%) at 6‐month follow‐up in intervention versus control participants with similar reductions in future intentions. Mediation analyses revealed 6 cognitive variables (IT attitudes, fashion attitudes, perceived susceptibility to skin cancer and skin damage, subjective norms, and image norms) that significantly mediated change in IT behavior.CONCLUSIONS.The appearance‐focused intervention demonstrated strong effects on IT behavior and intentions in young indoor tanners. Appearance‐focused approaches to skin cancer prevention need to present alternative behaviors as well as alter IT attitudes. Mediational results provide guides for strengthening future appearance‐focused interventions directed at behaviors that increase risk of skin cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Video‐based analysis for facial skin appearance with automatic face tracking
Authors: Makino Takao , Takase Koichi , Tsumura Norimichi , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Miyake Yoichi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, a video‐based analysis for facial skin appearance with an automatic face tracking technique is proposed. The change of skin appearance under various illuminations is observed by illuminating the face from various light source positions, and the changes in facial appearance are recorded as a video stream during this measurement. The recorded video stream is then analyzed to obtain the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) at each position of the facial skin. Automatic face tracking is necessary to compensate the facial movement in order to obtain an accurate BRDF measurement at each position. Since conventional face tracking techniques cannot be used for a face illuminated from various light source positions, a new face tracking technique that is robust to the various face shadings has been developed. Experimental studies show the effectiveness of both the proposed video‐based analysis technique and the automatic face tracking technique. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 477–484, 2008
Color mixing and color separation of pigments with concentration prediction
Authors: Koirala Pesal , Hauta‐Kasari Markku , Martinkauppi Birgitta , Hiltunen Jouni 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, we propose a color mixing and color separation method for opaque surface made of the pigments dispersed in filling materials. The method is based on Kubelka–Munk model. Eleven different pigments with seven different concentrations have been used as training sets. The amount of concentration of each pigment in the mixture is estimated from the training sets by using the least‐square pseudo‐inverse calculation. The result depends on the number and type of pigments selected for calculation. At most we can select all pigments. The combinations resulted with negative concentrations or unusual high concentrations are discarded from the list of candidate combination. The optimal pigment's set and its concentrations are estimated by minimizing the reflectance difference of given reflectance and predicted reflectance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 461–469, 2008
Representation and estimation of spectral reflectances using projection on PCA and wavelet bases
Authors: Mansouri Alamin , Sliwa Tadeusz , Hardeberg Jon Y. , Voisin Yvon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, we deal with the problem of spectral reflectance function representation and estimation in the context of multispectral imaging. Because the reconstruction of such functions is an inverse problem, slight variations in input data completely skew the expected results. Therefore, stabilizing the reconstruction process is necessary. To do this, we propose to use wavelets as basis functions, and we compare those with Fourier and PCA bases. We present the idea and compare these three methods, which belong to the class of linear models. The PCA method is training‐set dependent and confirms its robustness when applied to reflectance estimation of the training sets. Fourier and wavelet bases allow good generalization; an advantage of wavelets is that they avoid boundary artifacts. The results are evaluated with the commonly used goodness‐of‐fit coefficient (GFC), and the reliability of the use of wavelets is proved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 485–493, 2008
Perceptual evaluation of color gamut mapping algorithms
Authors: Dugay Fabienne , Farup Ivar , Hardeberg Jon Y. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe recommendation of the CIE has been followed as closely as possible to evaluate the accuracy of five color gamut mapping algorithms (GMAs)—two nonspatial and three spatial algorithms—by psychophysical experiments with 20 test images, 20 observers, one test done on paper and a second one on display. Even though the results do not show any overall “winner,” one GMA is definitely perceived as not accurate. The importance of a high number of test images to obtain robust evaluation is underlined by the high variability of the results depending on the test images. Significant correlations between the percentage of out‐of‐gamut pixels, the number of distinguishable pairs of GMAs, and the perceived difficulty to distinguish them have been found. The type of observers is also important. The experts, who prefer a spatial GMA, show a stronger consensus and look especially for a good rendering of details, whereas the nonexperts hardly make a difference between the GMAs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 470–476, 2008
Recent developments in ICC color management
Authors: Green Phil , Holm Jack , Li William 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe ICC profile format specifies the widely used ICC color profile for transforming color data between different devices and color spaces. Ambiguities in the previous version were resolved in the v4 specification, which also introduced a perceptual reference medium to provide a well‐defined intermediate gamut as a target for gamut mapping and re‐rendering between source and destination data. Since the first publication of the v4 specification, there have been a number of important amendments, which collectively move the ICC color management architecture further away from its original static processing model to a more dynamic and flexibly programmable one. With the new colorimetric intent image state tag, it is possible to identify transforms which are suitable for images in an input‐referred image state and which need to be processed accordingly. ICC also provides an on‐line profile registry now, a permanent repository of profiles for standard printing conditions. The registry supports both manual selection and automated download of profiles. The floating‐point device encoding range amendment introduces support for floating point data, but also introduces a new and potentially more extensible form of color transform, known as multiprocessing elements. In the future these may be extended to provide a range of color processing capabilities that are not currently available. This is an important component of the smart and programmable CMM concept, in which the color matching module uses data in the profile as well as rules and other information to construct the most suitable transform for the image, workflow, and user preference. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 444–448, 2008
Transformation of primaries using four chromaticity points and their maps
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis note describes several approaches to transforming primaries using four chromaticity points and their maps. The motivation is an exercise described by Wold (Die Farbe 1999/2000;45:99–117). Whereas, several approaches to the problem depend on the points corresponding to the primaries themselves, and on whether the old primaries are specified in the new system or vice versa. This note presents an approach that will work for a general (nonsingular) set of four reference chromaticity points and their maps. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 506–509, 2008
Exaggerated grain growth in bixbyite via fast diffusion along planar defects
Authors: Kleebe H.‐J. , Lauterbach S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNaturally occurring bixbyite single crystals from the Maynard claim at Thomas Mountain Range in Utah, USA, show pronounced grain growth, when compared to bixbyite crystals from other locations in close vicinity. These enlarged single crystals reveal characteristic linear surface features, which were initially interpreted as twin boundaries. HRTEM studies in conjunction with EDS analysis and electron diffraction, however, confirmed that these features originate from thin interlayers of braunite, Mn7SiO12, epitaxially grown within the host crystal. A model for the observed exaggerated grain growth is presented, which is based on the assumption that fast diffusion occurs along the braunite/bixbyite phase boundaries in three dimensions and, more importantly, promote nucleation at surface edges. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single crystal growth of Al13Co4 and Al13Fe4 from Al‐rich solutions by the Czochralski method
Authors: Gille P. , Bauer B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCzochralski growth of large metallic alloy single crystals of Al13Co4 and Al13Fe4 from Al‐rich solutions has been demonstrated for the first time. A detailed description of all decisive steps of the growth procedure is given with particular emphasis to seeding from a native phase as well as spontaneous nucleation if no seed crystal from a preceding experiment is available. Czochralski growth in a high‐temperature solution system requires much lower pulling rates compared to typical growth experiments from the melt and a time‐dependent temperature program to compensate the change of the liquidus temperature that results from the permanently increasing Al content of the liquid phase. With a given amount of the initial melt, the size of the Al13Co4 crystals is limited by the rather narrow temperature range of the Al13Co4 primary crystallization window, followed by Al9Co2 phase crystallization. In the Al‐Fe system, despite the huge temperature range of equilibrium between Al13Fe4 and its Al‐rich melt, Czochralski growth of Al13Fe4 is restricted to higher temperatures due to the limited solubility that leads to mother liquid inclusions even at extremely low pulling rates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Imidazolium based ionic liquid crystals: structure, photophysical and thermal behaviour of [Cnmim]Br·xH2O (n = 12, 14; x=0, 1)
Authors: Getsis A. , Mudring A.‐V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe long chain imidazolium halides [Cnmim]Br·xH2O (n = 10, 12; x = 0, 1) have been synthesized and their structural and thermal behaviour together with their photophysical properties characterized. X‐ray structure analyses of the monohydrates ([C12mim]Br·H2O: triclinic, P1, no. 2, Z = 2, Pearson code aP112, a = 550.0(5) pm, b = 779.4(5) pm, c = 2296.1(5) pm, α = 81.89(5)°, β = 83.76(5)°, γ = 78.102(5)°, 3523 unique reflections with Io > 2σ(Io), R1 = 0.0263, wR2 = 0.0652, GooF = 1.037, T = 263(2) K; [C14mim]Br•H2O: triclinic, P1, no. 2, Z = 12, Pearson code aP11, a = 549.86(8) pm, 782.09(13) pm, c = 2511.3(4) pm, α = 94.86(2)°, β = 94.39(2)°, γ = 101.83(2)°, 2063 unique reflections with Io > 2σ(Io), R1 = 0.0429, wR2 = 0.0690, GooF = 0.770, T = 293(2) K) show for both compounds similar bilayered structures. Sheets composed of hydrophilic structure regions constituted by positively charged imidazolium head groups, bromide anions and hydrogen bonded water alternate with hydrophobic areas formed by interdigitated long alkyl chains belonging to imidazolium cations with different orientation. Combined differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy shows that the monohydrates as well as the anhydrous imidazolium salts are thermotropic liquid crystals which adopt smectic mesophases. The mesophase region is larger in case of the monohydrates when compared to the anhydrous compounds indicating that water obviously stabilizes the mesophase. All compounds show an intense whitish photoluminescence with short lived (1π←1π*) and long lived (1π←3π*) transitions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Syntheses, structures, and electrochemistry of a dinuclear compound and a mononuclear–mononuclear cocrystalline compound of uranyl(VI)
Authors: Fleck M. , Hazra S. , Majumder S. , Mohanta S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSyntheses, structures, and electrochemistry of a dialkoxo‐bridged diuranyl(VI) compound [(UO2)2(L1)2(dimethylformamide)2] (1) and a mononuclear–mononuclear cocrystalline compound [(UO2)(L2)(H2O)⊂(H2O)]·[(UO2)(L2)(H2O)] (2) derived from Schiff base ligands are reported (H2L1 = Schiff base ligand obtained on condensation of 3‐ethoxysalicylaldehyde with 2‐aminoethanol; H2L2 = N,N ′‐o ‐phenylenebis(3‐ethoxysalicylaldimine)). The compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the space groups P 21/c and P 1, respectively. Compound 1 is a dialkoxo‐bridged dinuclear compound of uranium(VI) containing two deprotonated ligands, [L]2–, two dimethylformamide (dmf) molecules and two UO22+ centers. Three C–H···O type hydrogen bonds involving one uranyl oxygen, two dmf hydrogens, and the imine hydrogen link the dinuclear units into a two‐dimensional network. Compound 2 is a cocrystal of two mononuclear units, [(UO2)(L2)(H2O)⊂(H2O)] (unit 1) and [(UO2)(L2)(H2O)] (unit 2). In unit 1, the non‐coordinated water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with oxygens of phenoxo, ethoxy, and coordinated water molecules resulting in the formation of an inclusion product. The overall supramolecular structure of compound 2 is one‐dimensional and consists of interlinked self‐assembled dimeric unit of unit 1 and unit 2. Cyclic voltammetric measurements reveal that the uranium(VI) center in [(UO2)2(L1)2(dimethylformamide)2] (1) is reduced quasireversibly at E1/2 = –773 mV with ΔEP = 121 mV, while the metal center in [(UO2)(L2)(H2O)⊂(H2O)]·[(UO2)(L2)(H2O)] (2) is reduced reversibly with E1/2 = –765 mV with ΔEP = 68 mV. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular iodine catenation in the anionic chains [Pd2I6(I2)]2–
Authors: Walbaum C. , Pantenburg I. , Meyer G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the easily accessible salt [(H5O2)(db24c8)]2[Pd2I6(I2)], iodine molecules are catenated in linear anionic chains […I2PdI2PdI2…I–I…]2– which are separated by bulky cations consisting of two (H5O2)+ cations sequestered in dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (db24c8) molecules. The new compound is obtained as black single crystals (triclinic, P1, a = 1001.8(2), b = 1185.8(2), c = 1503.7(3) pm, α = 102.97(1), β = 107.65(1), γ = 90.85(1)°, V = 1652.3(5) 106·pm3, Z = 1) from a moist 1:1 dichloromethane/ethanol solution of PdCl2, iodine and db24c8. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antagonists of CD117 (cKit) signaling inhibit mast cell accumulation in healing skin wounds
Authors: Zoog Stephen J. , Itano Andrea , Trueblood Esther , Pacheco Efrain , Zhou Lei , Zhang Xuxia , Ferbas John , Ng Gordon Y. , Juan Gloria 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMast cells (MCs) have important functional roles in leukocyte recruitment, pain, and wound healing, and increased tissue resident MC function has been associated with several fibrotic diseases. Consequently, the study of MCs in situ can be a direct approach to studying the pharmacodynamic impact of MC‐directed therapeutics in tissues. Here we describe an automated laser scanning cytometry assay that was used to characterize the kinetics of MC accumulation in healing skin wounds and to study the effect of inhibiting CD117 (cKit) signaling. The number of tryptase‐positive MCs approximately doubled 14 days after cutaneous injury in nonhuman primates. Treatment of animals with anti‐CD117 or imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®) reduced MC accumulation at the edge of healing wounds in mice and nonhuman primates, respectively. In translating this MC assay to become a biomarker for human studies, no differences in dermal MC numbers were evident between genders, ages or body mass index from 20 healthy donors. These data suggest that skin is a practical and useful tissue for tracking pharmacodynamic effects of MC‐directed therapies. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Risk quantification for ANN based short‐term load forecasting
Authors: Iwashita Daisuke , Mori Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new risk assessment method for short‐term load forecasting is proposed. The proposed method makes use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to forecast one‐step‐ahead daily maximum loads and evaluate uncertainty of load forecasting. With ANN as the model, the radial basis function (RBF) network is employed to forecast loads due to its good performance. Sufficient realistic pseudo‐scenarios are required to carry out quantitative risk analysis. The multivariate normal distribution with the correlation between input variables is used to give more realistic results to ANN. In addition, the method of moment matching is used to improve the accuracy of the multivariate normal distribution. The peak over threshold (POT) approach is used to evaluate risk that exceeds the upper bounds of generation capacity. The proposed method is successfully applied to real data of daily maximum load forecasting. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 54– 62, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20464
High‐sensitivity PEA system with dual‐polarity pulse generator
Authors: Matsui Kohei , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Takada Tatsuo , Fukao Tadashi , Maeno Takashi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method has been widely used to observe space charge distributions in various solid dielectric materials. The sensitivity of the conventional PEA system is around 1C/m3. When the charge density is less than 1C/m3, however, it is difficult to obtain an accurate result because the signal due to the Maxwell stress becomes comparable with the signal to be measured. The Maxwell stress is generated by applying the pulsed electric field to the dielectrics, and independent from the existence of either induced charges by DC bias voltage or internal charges. In order to eliminate the influence of the Maxwell stress, we have developed a new PEA system with a dual‐polarity pulse generator. The system allows measurement space at a charge density of around 0.03C/m3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 1– 7, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20496
Unusual Magnetism of an Unsymmetrical Trinickel Chain
Authors: Cotton F. Albert , Murillo Carlos A. , Wang Qingsheng , Young Mark D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn extended metal atom chain (EMAC) compound with an unsymmetrical trinickel core and the formula [Ni3(dpa)4(CH3CN)](PF6)2·2CH2Cl2 (1·2CH2Cl2, dpa is the anion of 2,2′‐dipyridylamine) has the central Ni atom in an essentially square‐planar configuration. Besides having four equatorial nitrogen atoms, the two terminal metal centers have axial interactions that are notably different with one having a strongly bound acetonitrile molecule with a Ni(3)–N(3) distance of 2.108(5) Å while the other unit has a very weak interaction with an axial PF6 anion [Ni(1)···F(1) separation of 2.690 Å]. In these outer units, the Ni(3) atom is pulled out of the idealized plane of the four equatorial nitrogen atoms by 0.239 Å, while in the one with an axial PF6 anion the metal atom is pulled from the plane of the equatorial nitrogen atoms by only 0.097 Å. In 1 there are two unpaired electrons and an S = 1 state prevails from ca. 25 to 300 K. This magnetic behavior differs considerably from that of symmetrical trinickel EMACs with two strongly pyramidal terminal nickel atoms. A discussion of the effect of various axial ligands on the geometry of the terminal nickel atoms is provided. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Acetolysis of 6‐Deoxysugar Disaccharide Building Blocks: exo versus endo Activation
Authors: Cirillo Luigi , Bedini Emiliano , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo different protocols for the mild and selective acetolysis of 6‐deoxysugar methyl disaccharides under thermodynamic or kinetic control have been developed. The structures of the disaccharides obtained depend on the protocol used and, in the kinetically controlled cases, on the 6‐deoxysugar configuration and protecting group pattern too. The behavior of 6‐deoxyhexose oligosaccharides of different series (rhamno, quinovo, and fuco) under these two reaction conditions has been studied and rationalized based on the competition between exo versus endo oxygen activation in the acetolysis mechanism.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Addition Reaction Sequence Towards the Synthesis of 1,10b‐epi‐7‐Deoxypancratistatins and Their Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Balakrishnan Madhesan , Swaroop Pandrangi Siva 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe development of an efficient approach to the construction of a phenanthridone is described. The convergent strategy commences with the preparation of Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction precursors, arylboronic acid 12 and α‐iodo enone 19, from piperonylamine (9) and (–)‐D‐quinic acid (10), respectively. The coupling of 12 and 19 followed by a key intramolecular aza‐Michael addition produced phenanthridone 21 featuring a cis‐fused B–C ring junction. The syntheses of compounds 25 and 26, both of which are C‐1 and C‐10b epimers of the naturally occurring potent antitumor agent 7‐deoxypancratistatin (2), from 21 are elaborated in detail in this paper. The cytotoxicities of 25 and 26 were evaluated against three different cancer cell lines. Compound 26 served as a moderate growth inhibitor of THP‐1 monocytic cells (GI50 = 14.5 μg/mL).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)