bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of oestradiol in plasma from postmenopausal women with or without breast cancer: Relationships with metabolic clearance rates of oestradiol
Authors: Reed M. J. , Beranek P. A. , Cheng R. W. , Ghilchik M. W. , James V. H. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of oestradiol in plasma from post‐menopausal women with or without breast cancer has been measured and related to the metabolic clearance rates of oestradiol (MCR‐E2). All measurements were carried out preoperatively. No difference in the free fraction of oestradiol was found between women with breast cancer (1.8 ± 0.4%, mean ± sd) and normal women (1.6 ± 0.3%). Approximately 40% of oestradiol in plasma was bound to albumin with 60% bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), but values were similar for women with or without breast cancer. Concentrations of total unconjugated oestradiol and free oestradiol (2.4 ± 0.5 ng/100 ml and 44 ± 12 pg/100 ml respectively, mean ± sd, n = 9) were significantly higher in plasma from postmenopausal women with breast cancer compared with levels in plasma from normal postmenopausal women (1.8 ± 0.5 ng/100 ml and 27 ± 10 pg/100 ml, n = 8). A significant correlation was found between the free oestradiol fraction and MCR‐E2 (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). Correlations were also found between the fractions of oestradiol bound to albumin and MCR‐E2 (r = 0.45). From correlations between the binding capacity of SHBG and MCR‐E2 it appears that, for a given level of SHBG, MCR‐E2 may be higher in women with breast cancer.
Cell surface antigens of human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma defined by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Rettig Wolfgang J. , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Koulos John P. , Lewis John L. , Oettgen Herbert F. , Old Lloyd J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix distinct cell surface antigens of human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma were defined with MAbsAbbreviations: MAb, monoclonal antibody; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; MHA assay, mixed hemadsorption assay; PLAP, placental alkaline phosphatase.
. The distribution of the antigens was determined by MHA assays on 150 tumor cell lines and normal cell cultures and by immunofluorescence tests with a wide range of normal adult and fetal tissues and a tumor panel. Antigen LK26 is expressed on all cultured choriocarcinoma, teratocarcinoma and renal cancer lines but is absent from most cell lines derived from other tumor types and from cultures of normal kidney epithelium and fibroblasts. LK26 expression in normal tissues is restricted to the trophoblast. No other adult or fetal tissue was found to express the antigen, but choriocarcinoma and teratocarcinoma tissues were LK26+. SV19 is expressed on cultured choriocarcinomas and teratocarcinomas and on subsets of breast and colon cancer lines, but not on 120 additional cultures tested. In tissues, SV19 is detected in normal placenta, mammary gland and colon epithelium as well as in tumors of breast, colon and lung. Two antibodies, AbSV63 and AbK8, react with PLAP and Ab‐SV63 also reacts with the intestinal form of the enzyme. AbLK24 defines a heat‐stable determinant present on choriocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines but absent from most other cultured cells. It is expressed on a small range of normal and malignant epithelial tissues, including normal trophoblast, normal breast epithelium and urothelium and tumors derived from these tissues. One antigen, K66, showed a wide distribution on cultured epithelial cells but was not found in any normal or malignant tissue. Finally, S4, a previously described marker of normal and malignant kidney epithelial cells, was also expressed on the choriocarcinoma cell lines. Four of the antigens are glycoproteins that could be immunoprecipitated from radiolabelled extracts of choriocarcinoma cells: LK26 (Mr 35,000), SV19 (Mr 40,000), PLAP (Mr 68,000) and S4 (Mr 160,000). The highly restricted distribution of LK26, SV19, S4, and PLAP in normal tissues and their expression in tumors make these antigens potential diagnostic markers of gestational choriocarcinoma and germ‐cell tumors and, possibly, targets for immunotherapy.
The generation of culture activated killer cells (AK) is interleukin‐2‐dependent and requires self‐ia recognition
Authors: Lattime Edmund C. , Stutman Osias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytotoxic cells which lack major histocompatibility restriction for lysis are generated when murine spleen cells are cultured in the presence of FCSAbbreviations: AK, activated killer; C′, complement; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; FCS, fetal calf serum; IFN, interferon; IL‐2, interleukin‐2; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NC, natural cytotoxic; NK, natural killer; NCMC, natural cellmediated cytotoxicity; NMS, normal mouse serum; MAb, monoclonal antibody.
with or without allogeneic stimulation. The studies reported show that, following 3 days of culture with FCS, murine spleen cell cultures contain at least two cytotoxic populations. The first (AK‐YAC), expresses an NK cell phenotype and target specificity while the second (AK‐WEHI) shares the characteristics of the NC cell. Generation of the AK‐YAC effector cell requires the presence of a pre‐AK cytotoxic cell (Qa‐5, LYT‐2‐plus;) and is dependent on the generation of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) during the culture period, while the AK‐WEHI effector is independent of IL‐2 production. IL‐2 production in the cultures is shown to require syngeneic la recognition by an Lyt‐1+, L3T4+ T cell. These findings suggest a role for IL‐2 in the in vivo regulation of NCMC and describe a mechanism for its production in the absence of antigenic stimulation.
Further study of β‐tgfs released by virally transformed and non‐transformed cells
Authors: Krycéve‐Martinerie C. , Lawrence D. A. , Crochet J. , Jullien P. , Vigier P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChicken embryo fibroblasts sensitized by ts RSV respond to TGFs present in the media of non‐transformed FR3T3 and NRK‐4 rat cells and of the same cells transformed by KiMSV or RSV. They also respond to TGFs present in the media of BHK hamster cells transformed by MoMSV, PyV or RSV. Two other indicator rat cell lines, untransformed NRK‐4 and FR3T3, sensitized by ts KiMSV, respond to the same TGF‐containing media, and this response is increased by exogenous EGF. Normal FR3T3 cells failed to respond to any of the media. The most sensitive target cells were the ts KiMSV‐FR3T3 cells at the restrictive temperature (39.5°C). All the media tested on NRK‐49F target cells required EGF for their TGF activity which was essentially dependent on prior activation by acidification. These data show that the above media from non‐transformed or transformed cells contain β‐TGFs, with no detectable accompanying α‐TGF activity. The release of and the response to these TGFs are not interdependent. A function of ts mutant src and k‐ras viral oncogenes, still expressed at the restrictive temperature, can sensitize non‐responsive cells, without there being any specificity towards the TGF producer cells.
Directional motility in strongly malignant murine tumor cells
Authors: Varani James , Fligeil Suzanne E. G. , Perone Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLaminin, fibronectin and 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) were examined for their ability to induce biological responses (cell‐to‐substrate adherence and motility) in a series of strongly malignant and weakly malignant murine fibrosarcoma cells. All three agents caused increased cell‐to‐substrate attachment of the cell lines. Laminin and fibronectin induced a slow but sustained response, whereas with TPA the response was rapid and transient. The 3 agents also stimulated motility in the same cells. Random motility was seen with all of the cells but directional motility was observed primarily in the strongly malignant cells. With TPA, the response was chemotactic but laminin and fibronectin induced cell migration by haptotaxis. Since laminin and fibronectin are constituents of the extracellular matrix and since malignant tumor cells must cross the extracellular space during invasion, those properties of cells which allow for migration across a substrate containing these materials may contribute to the expression of malignancy.
HLA and prognostic factors in primary breast cancer
Authors: Iaffaioli Rosario V. , Maio Michele , Ruggiero Giuseppina , De Felice Mario , Ungaro Achille , del Vecchio Luigi , Rosato Giovanni B. , Bianco A. Raffaele , Zappacosta Serfino 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA group of 157 women with primary breast cancer (BC) were typed for HLA antigens, and gene frequencies were compared to those of 327 control healthy individuals. Diagnosis of BC was made for all patients on surgical mastectomy specimens; histologic grading, estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were determined on all primary tumors. Typed antigens included the majority of the specificities controlled by the HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C loci, according to the 8th International Histocompatibility Testing Workshop recommendations. No significant discrepancy in their frequencies was found in the undivided sample as compared to controls. The analysis of HLA gene frequency was extended to subsets of patients identified by the following prognostic features: (a) age at tumor diagnosis (pre‐menopause vs. post‐menopause); (b) receptor status (presence vs. absence of ER and PgR); (c) mammary gland dysplasia (presence vs. absence); (d) histologic grade (grade 3 vs. grades I and 2 combined); (e) time to relapse before or after (24 months following mastectomy). A moderate deviation from normal of some genes was found in several subsets, often affecting only one of the antithetical subgroups (feature present vs. feature absent). In the instance of B5, the increase in frequency of the gene in one of the subset pair (ER + subjects) was balanced by a decrease of the same gene in the counterpart (ER‐ subjects). Increased frequencies were found for the B7 gene in the following prognostic groups: (a) lack of ER (0.08); (b) lack of PgR (0.09); (c) absence of mammary dysplasia (0.075); (d) histologic grade 3 (0.10); and (e) premenopause (0.12). the last two showing significant divergence from normal. When features (d) and (e) on the one hand and (a), (b), (d) and (e) on the other were combined, B7 reached frequencies of 0.18 (p < 5 × 10−4) and of 0.29 (p < 5 × 10−6), respectively.
Occupation and bladder cancer in males: A case‐control study
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Magnani Corrado 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of 512 male cases of bladder cancer and 596 male hospital controls (all living in the province of Turin, Northern Italy, an area with a high proportion of car workers) has been analyzed for occupations. Relative risks were 1.8 (95% c.1. 0.9–3.6) for the textile industry, 3.8 (1.3–11.5) for the leather industry, 1.8 (0.8–4.0) for printing, 8.8 (2.7–28.6) for dyestuff production, 1.2 (0.6–2.4) for tire production and 2.5 (1.0–6.0) for other rubber goods, 2.0 (0.9–4.5) for brickyards and related activities. A relative risk of 3.1 (0.9–10.5) was found for turners having started work before 1940 and with at least 10 years of activity. For truck drivers the relative risk was 1.2 (0.6–2.5). A job‐exposure matrix was developed for the development of new hypotheses; an association with bladder cancer was found for aromatic amines only. The attributable risk percent in the population was estimated as 10%, when only those occupations consistently associated with bladder cancer were considered.
Differential action of six human interferons against two human carcinomas growing in nude mice
Authors: Balkwill F. R. , Goldstein L. , Stebbing N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix different pure human interferons (IFNs). were tested for anti‐tumour effect against two human carcinomas, breast and bowel, growing in nude mice, in a total of 36 experiments. The IFN‐α mixture, analogue and subtypes showed the greatest activity, particularly against the breast cancer xenograft, whereas IFN‐β and IFN‐γ had little effect. However, circulating IFN could be found in the sera of mice treated with all 3 IFN types. In terms of amount of IFN protein, IFN‐αCon1, an IFN‐α analogue, was the most effective, a dose of 0.1 μg/mouse/day being sufficient to induce breast tumour regression, and IFN‐γ the least effective, a dose of 10 μg/mouse/day having no effect on the same tumour. A more detailed comparison of 2 IFN‐α subtypes showed that a daily dose of 1 μg IFN‐αA was more effective than the same dose of IFN‐αD, but as this IFN had approximately 30 times less antiviral activity on human cells than IFN‐αD, these IFNs were probably at least equally effective in terms of human cell units. IFN‐αD stimulated mouse spleen natural killer cell activity but it was not clear whether this stimulation was involved in anti‐tumour activity. We conclude that this model system is useful for investigating direct anti‐tumour activity of a wide range of IFN types and subtypes.
Purification from a human lung cancer cell line of a water soluble molecule mediating leukocyte adherence inhibition for patients with lung cancer
Authors: Thomson D. M. P. , Sutherland Mary , Durko Margaret , Dubois Tony , Scanzano Rosemarie , Labateya Nabil , Shenouda George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoluble lung tumor activity as determined by LAI2 was enriched by physiocochemical methods from chemically ‐ defined spent medium of a lung cancer cell line (NCI‐H69). To identify the polypeptide carrying the antigenic determinant, splenic lymphocytes of BALB/c mice were immunized with the enriched isolate and hybridized with mouse plasmacytoma cells. Eight hybrids were cloned successfully and produced MAbs that immunoprecipitated principally a single chain of Mr 40,000 (p40) as well as minor chains of Mr 25,000 (p25) and Mr 13,000 (p13) which were probably degradation products of p40. On 2D gels, p40 was composed of 7 spots with a p1 of 6.3 to 7.6, which was not altered by neuraminidase digestion. Affinity chromatography with MAb anti‐p40 absorbed p40 and LAI activity. The bound and recovered fraction was enriched for p40 and LAI activity. Affinity‐purified p40 also contained the previously identified p25 and p13 as well as a Mr 32,000 peptide (p32). MAb anti‐p40 was directed to a common framework determinant on p40 since MAb anti‐p40 bound to cancer cells from other organs. The comparatively lung cancer organ‐specific determinant recognized by leukocytes from lung cancer patients was not recognized by the MAb. Affinity‐purified p40 triggered LAI for leukocytes from patients with lung cancer but not for leukocytes from control subjects or patients with colon cancer or malignant melanoma in rigorous blind testing. Crossreactivity was observed with leukocytes from patients with breast cancer. LAI activity of affinity‐purified p40 seems unlikely to result from an unidentified impurity. Thus a p40 molecule has been purified that is expressed on the membranes of lung cancer cells and triggers immunologically‐mediated LAI.
Therapeutic application of a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody in nude mice xenografted with human neuroblastoma: Tumoricidal effects and distribution studies
Authors: Jones D. H. , Goldman A. , Gordon I. , Pritchard J. , Gregory B. J. , Kemshead J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibody UJ13A radiolabelled with isotopes of iodine has been shown to selectively localize to human neuroblastoma xenografts. When 131I‐UJ13A conjugates were given to nude mice at high doses (100–150 μCi), tumours temporarily disappeared, only to regrow. No selection for neuroblastoma cells that were UJ13A. negative was observed. Distribution studies on mice receiving radiolabelled UJ13A demonstrated the antibody is rapidly lost from the blood of animals. This cannot be accounted for by selective uptake into xenografts or any other mouse organ examined. We concluded there is a rapid equilibration of isotope between intra‐and extravascular spaces in the animal. The rapid, biphasic loss of UJ13A from the blood of mice may explain why so little injected antibody can target to the human tumour xenografts.
Increased urokinase activity to antigen ratio in human renal‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Kirchheimer Johannes C. , Pflüger Heinz , Hienert Gregor , Binder Bernd R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen patients with renal‐cell carcinoma have been investigated in an attempt to elucidate the ratio of active urokinase enzyme to urokinase antigen in the tumor and adjacent normal kidney. The tumor itself exhibited a significantly increased total fibrinolytic activity, an increase in the relative contribution of anti‐urokinase IgG‐inhibitable plasminogen activator activity and increased levels of urokinase antigen when compared to normal renal tissue. In tumor‐adjacent tissue total fibrinolytic activity was also, but not significantly, increased, this increase being completely due to tissue‐type plasminogen activator. Correlation of active urokinase‐type plasminogen activator with urokinase antigen revealed that in tumor tissue the enzyme was present to more than 70% in its active form whereas in tumor‐adjacent tissue and normal renal tissue only half of the enzyme appeared to be active. No correlation was obtained between urokinase antigen present in one of the 3 tissues investigated and plasma urokinase antigen.
Incidence of adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma and its familial clustering
Authors: Kondo Toshifumi , Nonaka Hiroshi , Miyamoto Naoaki , Yoshida Ryoichi , Matsue Yasuhiro , Ohguchi Yoshito , Inouye Hiroo , Komoda Haruko , Hinuma Yono , Hanaoka Masao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe yearly incidence of ATLL in the Uwajima district is 6.6 patients per 100,000 inhabitants aged over 40. The yearly morbidity rate from ATLL of persons in this district who are positive for HTLV‐antibody and older than 40 is I patient per 1,631. Familial occurrence was observed in 9/38 families available for pedigree analyses. Even in the endemic area, the existence of positive HTLV antibody is remarkably high in ATLL families, suggesting that HTLV has been transmitted from generation to generation mainly within these particular families.
Regional variation in prevalence of antibody against human T‐lymphotropic virus types I and III in Kenya, East Africa
Authors: Biggar Robert J. , Johnson Bruce K. , Oster Charles , Sarin Prem S. , Ocheng David , Tukei Peter , Nsanze Herbert , Alexander Steven , Bodner Anne J. , Siongok Timothy Arap , Gallo Robert C. , Blattiner William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of antibodies against HTLV—III and ‐I was studied among populations of 6 distinctly different regions of Kenya, an equatorial African country in which AIDS has rarely been observed. Overall, 21% of subjects had ELISA reactions suggesting the presence of antibody against HTLV‐III. The frequency of HTLV‐III antibodies was highest among the Turkana people (50%) and lowest among the Masai (8%). Prevalence increased with age but was not related to sex. The pattern of ELISA‐detected antibody against HTLV‐I was similar. The specificity of these antibodies was supported by Western blot analysis of a subset of sera with high and low ELISA ratios, in which 66% and 73% of those with ELISA ratios considered positive ( = > 5.0 in this study) also had a profile of bands consistent with HTLV‐III and HTLV‐I respectively. The antibodies detected were not cross‐reactive between HTLV‐III and HTLV—I on Western blot analysis. In a series of subjects with various parasitic and infectious diseases, patients with idiopathic splenomegaly and with schistosomiasis had a high proportion of antibodies against both HTLV‐III and HTLV‐I. This survey shows that reactivity in the ELISA HTLV‐III and HTLV‐I assays are common among Kenyans but vary considerably by region.
A monoclonal antibody to human transitional‐cell carcinoma of the bladder cross‐reacting with a differentiation antigen of neutrophilic lineage
Authors: Baricordi O. R. , Sensi A. , de Vinci Caterina , Melchiorri Loredana , Fabris G. , Marchetti Elisabetta , Corrado F. , Mattiuz P. L. , Pizza G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human transitional‐cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) was obtained by immunization of a BALB/c mouse with formalin‐fixed TCCB cells and subsequent fusion of the spleen cells with SP2‐OAg14 myeloma line. GF 26.7.3 MAb was selected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) as reacting agent with target cells and negative with autologous lymphocytes and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell‐line. GF 26.7.3 reacts with a high percentage of bladder and colon carcinomas when examined by IIF and immunoperoxidase techniques and cross‐reacts with a determinant expressed on neutrophilic cell lineage. The IIF analysis performed on bone marrow and peripheral blood (PB) from healthy subjects and leukemic patients and on leukemic cell lines showed that the expression of the structure detected by GF 26.7.3 is restricted to the neutrophilic cell lineage and first expressed at the promyelocytic level. Immunoprecipitation and SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of 125 I‐labelled membrane proteins from target cells were performed, but no bands were detected by autoradiography. In addition, pronase insensitivity and periodate sensitivity suggest the possible involvement of a carbohydrate determinant.
The use of multicellular spheroids in establishing human sarcoma cell lines In vitro
Authors: Bruland Ø. , Fodstad Ø. , Pihl A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy a new procedure stable monolayer cultures were derived from spheroids in 8 out of 17 different human sarcomas (16 soft‐tissue and I osteogenic sarcoma). Eleven of the sarcomas were obtained from patients undergoing surgery, and 6 from BALB/c nude mice carrying s. c. growing xenografts. The new procedure involves aggregation of single‐cell suspensions into spheroids and cultivation of these in agar‐coated flasks until the growth rate levels off, at which time the spheroids are transferred to uncoated flasks. Cells proliferating from the rim of adhering spheroids are trypsinized and aggregated to form new spheroids. By 3 to 5 such alternations, monolayer cultures were obtained that have now been subcultured for about 6 months. The cell lines all gave rise to colonies in a clonogenic soft‐agar system, and upon s. c. injection into athymic nude mice 3 lines tested formed growing tumors. The histology of spheroids formed from late monolayer passages closely resembled that of the original tumors. That the new procedure is superior to other methods of establishing sarcoma cell lines is indicated by the fact that a stable monolayer culture could be obtained directly from the tumors in only 1/8 cases where the above procedure was successful, and in only 2 instances from soft‐agar colonies derived from the tumors.