bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The blood centre as a community health resource
Authors: Davey Richard J. 
Published: July 2006

Blood centres in the USA encounter over 35 000 blood donors every day, a number that is far exceeded worldwide. This daily encounter of thousands of people with the healthcare system offers an unusual opportunity for blood centres to engage these donors in ways that contribute to individual and community health. In addition, a positive interaction at the blood centre may encourage donors to return more often, thus enhancing the blood supply. The wealth of medical information gathered by blood centres also presents an opportunity for epidemiological studies of health and illness that affect the community at large. Donors receive a ‘mini‐physical’ as part of the donor qualification process. Required procedures include blood pressure measurement and haemoglobin determination. Targeted education, counselling and referral of donors with hypertension and/or low haemoglobin engages them in the care of critical personal health issues. Carbonyl iron supplied to female donors of child‐bearing age replaces iron lost in the donation and can retain them as active blood donors. A range of optional screening tests and procedures offer enhanced interactions between the donor and the blood centre. Inexpensive tests, such as cholesterol and random blood glucose determination, can detect abnormalities that may initiate further medical interventions to address cardiovascular and diabetic risks. These enhanced medical interactions with donors must be undertaken with care and appropriate medical supervision. However, the opportunity, indeed the responsibility, to act on important medical information enhances the range of medical support for donors and is an opening for blood centres to expand their involvement in the health of the community.
Apoptosis‐independent Poor Morphology of Bovine Embryos Produced by Multiple Ovulation
Authors: Ikeda S , Prendes JM , Alonso‐Montes C , Rodríguez A , Díez C , Kitagawa M , Imai H , Gómez E 
Published: July 2006

ContentsIn multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) programmes in cattle, a considerable number of morphologically poor‐quality embryos continue to be produced; this is one of the limiting factors of the technique. Apoptosis has often been implicated in developmental arrest and fragmentation; these are regarded as poor traits of embryonic quality in mammalian pre‐implantation embryos. In the present study, apoptosis was assessed in morphologically poor‐quality embryos in comparison with good‐quality embryos that were recovered from a MOET programme. Retarded embryos (two to 16 cell stage), morulae with severe fragmentation and morphologically good‐quality morulae recovered from superstimulated cows at day 7 post‐insemination were subjected to TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) and Hoechst staining. Cell nuclei that showed both TUNEL staining and apoptotic morphology were considered to be apoptotic. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated as the percentage of apoptotic cells per embryo. Fifteen of 17 retarded embryos and 10 of 15 morphologically poor‐quality morulae did not show signs of apoptosis. The mean AIs in the morphologically poor‐quality embryos (two to 16 cell stage, 2.2%; poor morulae, 1.3%) were as low as that in the good‐quality embryos (2.9%). These results suggest that another mode of developmental arrest and/or fragmentation that is independent of apoptosis occurs in morphologically poor‐quality embryos recovered from MOET programmes.
The Effect of Dose and Route of Administration of R‐cloprostenol on the Parturient Response of Sows
Authors: Kaeoket K 
Published: July 2006

ContentsThe aims of the present study were to further examine the efficacy of different doses and routes of R‐cloprostenol administration on the parturition response in sows. Fifty crossbred multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average parity number of 4.7 ± 2.4 were allocated to induce farrowing by one of the following treatments: Group I (control, n = 10) injection with normal saline 2 ml administered intramuscularly (i.m.); Group II (n = 10) injection with 75 μg of R‐cloprostenol administered i.m. (at 7 am);Group III (n = 10) injection with 75 μg of R‐cloprostenol (at 7 am) together with 10 IU of oxytocin (24 h after injection of R‐cloprostenol) administered i.m.; Group IV (n = 10) injection with 37.5 μg of R‐cloprostenol (at 7 am) administered into perivulva region; Group V (n = 10) injection with 37.5 μg of R‐cloprostenol (at 7 am) administered into perivulva region together with 10 IU of oxytocin (24 h after injection of R‐cloprostenol) administered i.m. The following parameters: pre‐farrowing maternal behaviour, restless behaviour, R‐cloprostenol or oxytocin injection to farrowing interval, expulsion intervals, duration of farrowing, total number of piglets born, litter birthweight, umbilical cord morphology and the degree of meconium staining were record. There were no significant differences among groups for the pre‐farrowing maternal behaviours. In all the sows, the restless behaviour was not observed. There were no significant effect of oxytocin administration (10 IU, i.m.) on the percentage of umbilical cord morphology and the degree of meconium staining in different groups. There were no significant effect of route and dose of administration on the number of total piglet born, piglet born alive, stillbirth, mummy and litter birthweight. No significant effects of the different groups were found on the R‐cloprostenol and oxytocin injection to farrowing interval, expulsion interval and farrowing duration. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that a half dose (37.5 μg) of R‐cloprostenol administered into the perivulva region was effective for inducing farrowing as the full recommended dose (75 μg) administered into the neck region (i.m.) and with no restless behaviour.
Effects of Constant, 9 and 16‐h Light Cycles on Sperm Quality, Semen Storage Ability and Motile Sperm Subpopulations Structure of Boar Semen
Authors: Rivera MM , Quintero‐Moreno A , Barrera X , Rigau T , Rodríguez‐Gil JE 
Published: July 2006

ContentsThis study was performed to test the effect that two separate, daily, constant‐light regimes of both 9 and 16 h could have on the main parameters of boar‐semen quality analysis, as well as on the motile sperm subpopulations structure and the ability of its conservation at 16°C. Results show that both luminous regimes have slight, specific effects on the main parameters of boar‐semen quality analysis, as well as on the motile sperm subpopulations structure. Furthermore, the conservation ability at 16°C of boar semen was not significantly different between both photoperiods. When a temporal study was performed, results showed that semen quality and motility parameter changes were stabilized at nearly constant values from the second month of the study to the last month in both luminous regimes, indicating a rapid light‐related effect on testicular function. Our results indicate that light regimes oscillating from 9 h daily to 16 h daily are of little importance in the control of boar‐semen quality in a farming environment.
Follicle Ablation Improves the Ovarian Response and the Number of Collected Embryos in Superovulated Cows During the Early Stages of Lactation
Authors: Amiridis GS , Tsiligianni T. , Vainas E 
Published: July 2006

ContentsA field study was designed to compare ovarian response and embryo yield in cows during early lactation when gonadotropin administration followed one of four treatments. In group 1A (n = 19) and 1B (n = 9), the estrouses were synchronized by two prostaglandin F2α (PG) injections given 11 days apart, and starting from day 9 of the synchronized cycle superovulation was conducted with eight decreasing dose of FSH. In group 1B, ablation of all follicles >3 mm was carried out on day 8. In group 2A and 2B (each n = 9), a progesterone plus oestradiol intravaginal device (PRID) was inserted for 11 days and gonadotropin administration started on day 9, while cows from group 2B had a follicle ablation on day 8. In all groups, two PG injections were given along with the sixth and the seventh dose of FSH, and the cows were twice inseminated 12 and 24 h after estrus detection. Embryos were collected on day 7. In cumulative results from aspirated and non‐aspirated cows, follicular ablation significantly improved: the ovarian response (10 ± 1.23 vs 6.69 ± 0.60 corpora lutea per donor), the mean collected embryos (6.57 ± 0.94 vs 2.46 ± 0.53) and the mean transferable embryos (4.43 ± 0.89 vs 2.18 ± 0.47). Group 1B and 2B cows had better ovarian response than 1A (6.44 ± 0.81, 12.25 ± 4.11 and 9.44 ± 0.93, for groups 1A, 1B and 2B, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, from groups 1B and 2B more (p < 0.05) embryos were collected in comparison with their respective group, while the mean transferable embryos from group 2B (5.22 ± 1.13) was greater (p < 0.05) than that of group 1A (1.67 ± 0.35), and tented to be greater than those of groups 2A (3.44 ± 1.19, p = 0.062) and 1B (3.00 ± 1.78, p = 0.066). The highest (p < 0.05) transferable embryo collection rate was recorded in group 2B (55.29%), followed by that of group 1B (41.33%). In summary, early in lactation, an acceptable number of transferable embryos can be collected from high producing dairy cows, when follicle ablation prior to superovulation is combined with progesterone and oestradiol administration.
Suicide attempts versus suicidal ideation in bulimic female adolescents
Authors: NICKEL CERSTIN , SIMEK MARJETA , MOLEDA ALDONA , MUEHLBACHER MORITZ , BUSCHMANN WIEBKE , FARTACEK REINHOLD , BACHLER EGON , EGGER CHRISTOPH , ROTHER WOLFHARDT K. , LOEW THOMAS H. , NICKEL MARIUS K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Suicide attempts by adolescents continue to be a major public health problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in the family functioning and sociopsychopathological risk factor relationship between female bulimic adolescents with suicidal ideation only, and those who attempted suicide.Methods: A group of 211 patients were observed for 12 months. Data from 63 subjects (SUG [suicide group], age 17.2 ± 1.3 years) who had attempted suicide were then compared with 148 (control group, age 18.1 ± 1.5 years) who had expressed suicidal ideation but did not follow through.Results: Those in the suicide attempt group had been exposed more frequently to physical/sexual violence in childhood. As adults they either lived alone or were dissatisfied with their partnership. The frequency of borderline personality disorders and depressive disorders in this group was significant. Psychosomatic symptoms, disturbed coenesthesia, substance abuse, social impairment and interference with their perception of their own life circumstances, as well as their job performance, often preceded the suicide attempt. Nine genuine risk factors that occurred significantly more often in the SUG were calculated out of all the stress factors using stepwise logistic regression: ‘as a child I was even hit with a stick or whip’, ‘I had no set orientation in life’, ‘I had a feeling of loneliness despite family and friends’, ‘I could not relax’, ‘incapable of dealing with the public’, ‘I do not like to be touched’, ‘parents have psychiatric disorders’, ‘misuse of stimulants’, and ‘as a child I felt lonely’ (odds ratio, 10.56–1.90).Conclusion: Adverse family experiences and multiple sociopsychopathological factors may increase the risk of suicide in female bulimic adolescents.
Possible effect of leptin on renal magnesium excretion in adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: ATABEK MEHMET EMRE , KURTOGLU SELIM , PIRGON OZGUR 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Hypomagnesaemia and hyperleptinemia are common in patients with diabetes. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that leptin stimulates diuresis and natriuresis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum leptin, serum magnesium (Mg) and urinary Mg/urinary creatinine levels in patients with type 1 diabetes.Methods: Serum leptin and Mg and urinary Mg/urinary creatinine levels were measured in 67 patients with diabetes (33 girls and 34 boys). The age, diabetes duration, anthropometric and metabolic parameters of the subjects were matched between girls and boys. The relation of serum leptin levels to serum and urinary Mg/urinary creatinine levels was assessed.Results: Serum leptin levels of girls with diabetes were higher than those of the boys (14 ± 5.3 μg/L vs 5.8 ± 1.5 μg/L, P < 0.001, respectively). The differences for serum Mg and for urinary Mg/urinary creatinine levels were not significant between girls and boys with diabetes. Leptin levels were correlated with urinary Mg/urinary creatinine levels in both girls and boys (r =  0.39, P =  0.02 and r =  0.37, P =  0.03, respectively). In a multivariate regression model, leptin emerged as independent correlates for mean urinary Mg/urinary creatinine in both girls and boys with the total variance explained being 14%, and 15%, respectively.Conclusion: The data suggest that serum leptin might be related to increased urinary Mg loss in patients with type I diabetes.
Urease activity does not reflect the degree of colonization by Helicobacter pylori in children
Authors: MACHADO RODRIGO STREHL , KAWAKAMI ELISABETE , PATRÍCIO FRANCY REIS DA SILVA , REBER MARIALICE 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Urea breath test is an accurate method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. This test could estimate the bacterial load by measuring the urease activity in gastric mucosa. The aim of the study was to correlate the result of 13C‐urea breath test (13C‐UBT) and histological estimative for bacterial colonization and severity of inflammatory infiltrate.Methods: Forty‐four patients (mean age 8.54 ± 3.9 years) with dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated. Patients were evaluated through endoscopy and 13C‐UBT. Helicobacter pylori infection was defined by histology, rapid urease test and 13C‐UBT. Breath test results were expressed by delta over baseline (DOB) and urea hydrolysis rate (UHR). Test results were treated logarithmically for statistical analysis.Results: There was a significant inverse correlation between age and Log DOB (–0.501, P= 0.0005), but there was no relationship between Log UHR and age (–0.148, P= 0.336). The study did not find correlation between the breath test result and histological grades for mononuclear infiltrate, neutrophilic infiltrate and bacterial density.Conclusion: The 13C‐UBT does not estimate the severity of histological findings in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. The results of the breath test should be interpreted in a qualitative way.
The role of debris‐induced cantilever effects in cyclic fatigue of micron‐scale silicon films
Authors: PIERRON O. N. , MUHLSTEIN C. L. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe presence of debris, surface roughness, or other asperities on crack faces creates a geometry that is reminiscent of a lever (the crack face) on a fulcrum (the debris or surface asperity). This ‘cantilever effect’ is intuitive and is routinely forwarded as a mechanism for crack advance when compressive loads are applied. Recently this cantilever effect has also been linked to fatigue of micron‐scale silicon films. Finite‐element modelling was used in this study to evaluate different wedging configurations that would be likely to occur within micromachined silicon thin films. The results of the model clearly show that wedges or other asperities in the wake of a crack do not increase the magnitude of the stress intensity factor during compression.
Characterisation of equivalent initial flaw sizes in 7050 aluminium alloy
Authors: MOLENT L. , SUN Q. , GREEN A. J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper summarises a collation of crack growth related data from a significant number of fatigue tests on commercial quality 7050‐series aluminium alloy tested under various F/A‐18 aircraft spectra. The data presented consist of quantitative fractography measurements of the fracture surfaces including effective initiating defect size and type (mechanical, environmental or chemical). Three different surface conditions were considered: chemically etched, glass bead peened and machined. The purpose of providing these data was to facilitate analyses on the parameters governing the propagation of fatigue cracks in the 7050‐series aluminium alloy. Here an investigation to determine whether surface finish or applied stress and spectra have any bearing on the initial defect size or the damage type is summarised. Based on this investigation, it appears that the applied stress and spectra have no correlation to the size of the equivalent initiating flaw; however, the surface finish appears to influence the various crack‐initiating mechanisms and to govern the formation of the damage type.
Elasticity of Substitution and the Persistence of the Deviation of the Real Exchange Rates
Authors: Morshed A. K. M. Mahbub , Turnovsky Stephen J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests (i) that the real exchange rates of developing economies show less persistence than do those of more advanced economies, and (ii) that the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor tends to increase from below unity for less developed economies to above one for more advanced economies. This paper shows how the introduction of sectoral adjustment costs in a two‐sector model of a small open economy, together with CES production functions, provides a very natural explanation of this empirical regularity. Other aspects of the relationship between the technologies and the speed of convergence of the real exchange rate are also discussed.
Relative Price Changes, Wages and Unemployment in a Specific Factors Model with Search Frictions
Authors: Wälde Klaus , Weiss Pia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of changes in the relative product price on wages and unemployment of a small open economy in a specific factors model characterized by search frictions. It shows that unemployment and wages move in opposite directions, i.e., high unemployment is associated with low wages and low unemployment with high wages. The reason for the employment effect is found to be individual wage bargaining.
“Do Fiscal Deficits Influence Current Accounts? A Case Study of India”
Authors: Parikh Ashok , Rao Bill 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of fiscal deficits on the current account deficits in the Indian economy. In many developing countries, fiscal deficits are mostly financed through monetization, causing crowding out of private investment expenditures. However, fiscal deficits in India are mostly financed through official borrowings from various external sources, leading to higher interest payments and outgoings on the external account. Such a policy could eventually precipitate balance of payments crises despite favorable trade account and real exchange rate. Data over three decades for the Indian economy show that, in addition to the real exchange rate and the ratio of private investment to GDP, fiscal deficits significantly contribute to the current account deficits.
Executive Function and Memory in Relation to Olfactory Deficits in Alcohol‐dependent Patients
Authors: Rupp Claudia I. , Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang , Drexler Arthur , Hausmann Armand , Hinterhuber Hartmann , Kurz Martin 
Published: July 2006

Background: Prior research indicates that chronic alcoholism is accompanied by olfactory deficits. These have been suggested to reflect dysfunctions in olfactory brain regions. The present study investigated the role of neurocognitive functioning in tests (executive function and memory) sensitive to the functional integrity of brain areas that are crucial to olfactory processing in patients with alcohol dependence.Methods: Performance on olfactory functions (detection threshold, quality discrimination, identification), executive function (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), and memory (German version of the California Verbal Learning Test) was assessed in 32 alcohol‐dependent patients and 30 healthy comparison subjects, comparable in age, gender, and smoking status.Results: Compared with controls, alcohol‐dependent patients were impaired in all 3 domains, olfactory functions, executive function, and memory. In patients, olfactory discrimination ability was positively correlated with executive function performance. Regression analyses conducted to clarify the relation between group (patients vs controls), executive function, memory, and olfactory functions indicated that group was the only significant predictor of olfactory detection threshold and identification, and both group and executive function were found to be the significant predictors of olfactory discrimination.Conclusions: Olfactory deficits in alcohol dependence appear to be associated with prefrontal cognitive dysfunction. Results indicate that olfactory quality discrimination deficits are related to executive function impairment. These findings add to the available research on frontal lobe dysfunction in alcoholism, suggesting that alcohol‐related olfactory discrimination deficits may be associated with impairment in the functional integrity of the prefrontal lobe.
Serum Leptin in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Naveau Sylvie , Perlemuter Gabriel , Chaillet Muriel , Raynard Bruno , Balian Axel , Beuzen Fabienne , Portier Alain , Galanaud Pierre , Emilie Dominique , Chaput Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2006

Background: The mechanisms by which overweight makes the liver more susceptible to alcoholic liver injury remain to be determined. Therefore, we conducted the following studies to further elucidate the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of steatosis and cirrhosis caused by chronic alcohol consumption in human beings.Methods: Two‐hundred nine consecutive patients with alcoholic liver disease were studied. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by using radioimmunoassay, and the relationships between serum leptin level and liver lesions were studied. Statistical analysis used logistic regressions.Results: When serum leptin, serum cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI) were considered together in the multiple logistic regression analysis, compared with patients with severe steatosis, serum leptin remains significantly lower in patients without steatosis (p<0.05) and in patients with mild or moderate steatosis (p<0.05). When age, serum leptin, serum cholesterol, and steatosis grade were considered together in the logistic regression analysis, serum leptin (p<0.01) and age (p<0.02) were positively and independently correlated with the presence of cirrhosis. After BMI introduction in the statistical model, serum leptin was no more correlated with the presence of cirrhosis.Conclusion: In patients with alcoholic liver disease, serum leptin is independently correlated with steatosis grade and might play an important role in severity of fibrosis as fatty liver is more vulnerable than normal liver to factors that lead to fibrosis.