bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene transfer of the ly‐3 chain gene of the mouse cd8 molecular complex: co‐transfer with the ly‐2 polypeptide gene results in detectable cell surface expression of the ly‐3 antigenic determinants
Authors: Blanc Dominique , Bron Claude , Gabert Jean , Letourneur FrançOis , MacDonald H. Robson , Malissen Bernard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe CD8 molecule is a glycoprotein expressed on a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It has been postulated to be a receptor for class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. In the mouse, CD8 is a heterodimer composed of Ly‐2 and Ly‐3 chains. We have isolated and analyzed cDNA and cosmid clones corresponding to the Ly‐3 subunit. One of the isolated, cosmid clones was subsequently transfected, alone or in combination with the Ly‐2 gene, into mouse Ltk− cells. Analysis of the Ly‐2,3 molecules expressed at the surface of the double transfectants indicated that they are serologically and biochemically indistinguishable from their normal counterparts expressed on lymphoid cells. Ltk− cells transfected with the Ly‐2 gene alone were shown to react with a subset of antLCD8 monoclonal antibodies whereas Ly‐3 transfectants did not stain with any of the anti‐Ly‐3 antibodies employed in this study. Since at least one of these antibodies (53‐5.8) has been previously shown to recognize an epitope which is retained on the Ly‐3 subunit after dissociation of the heterodimeric Ly‐2,3 complex, these observations suggest that the expression of the Ly‐2 polypeptide is required to permit the detectable cell surface expression of the antigenic determinants carried by the Ly‐3 subunit.
Selective stimulation of human t lymphocyte subsets by heteroconjugates of antibodies to the t cell receptor and to subset‐specific differentiation antigens
Authors: Emmrich Frank , Rieber Peter , Kurrle Roland , Eichmann Klaus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLigand binding under conditions that generate microaggregates of the T cell receptor complex (Ti/CD3) with the membrane molecules CD4 or CD8 can induce activation of small resting T lymphocytes. We demonstrate this by using soluble dimeric heteroconjugates consisting of monoclonal antibodies to CD4/CD8 and of a novel anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (BMA 030) which even in aggregated form is not stimulatory on its own under limiting conditions in the absence of accessory cells. Using combinations of BMA 030 with either anti‐CD4 or anti‐CD8, the corresponding T cell sub‐population could be selectively expanded in vitro. Selective expansion of T cell sub‐populations in vitro or in vivo might be helpful for certain therapeutical manipulations. In addition, this finding may contribute to a better understanding of major histocompatibility complex‐restricted T cell activation.
At least five dh genes of human immunoglobulin heavy chains are encoded in 9‐kilobase dna fragments
Authors: Ichihara Yoshikazu , Abe Masumi , Yasui Hisashi , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Kurosawa Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe variable region of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain is encoded by three separate genes: variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) genes on the germ‐line genome. In mice, most complementarity determining region (CDR) 111 of the heavy chains of myelomas and hybridomas sequenced so far can be assigned to one of the 12 already identified germ‐line DH genes by the homology of nucleotide sequences of DH gene‐coding regions although extranucleotides, the so‐called N segments, are found at the boundaries between DH and JH as well as VH and DH. On the other hand, Siebenlist et al. (Nature 1981. 294: 631) identified two DH gene families in human genome: DHQ52, located at 45 bp upstream of the JH gene cluster, and another family encoded at 9‐kb regular intervals possibly between VH and JH gene clusters. However, the somatic DH sequences found in VH‐DH‐JH structure (the somatic DH segment being defined as the region which is not encoded either by germ‐line VH or JH gene) are relatively long and apparently random, and do not seem to have the homology to any of the germ‐line DH sequences. To explain the origin of high diversity in the CDR III of human Ig heavy chains, Siebenlist et at. predicted the presence of another mechanism, namely DH‐DH joinings. In the present study, we identified five DH genes in one of the above 9‐kb repeats. This suggests that the total number of germ‐line DH genes is much higher in man than in mouse. The comparison between somatic DH sequences and germ‐line DH sequences indicates that most somatic DH sequences in human Ig heavy chains are also produced by VH‐DH and DH‐JH joinings without the joining of multiple DH gene segments.
Induction of rat acute‐phase proteins by interleukin 6 in vivo
Authors: Geiger Thomas , Andus Tilo , Klapproth Jan , Hirano Toshio , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Heinrich Peter C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecombinant human interleukin 6 (rhIL 6) was injected i.p. into male Wistar rats to investigate its role as a mediator of the acute‐phase response. Hepatic mRNA levels of β‐fibrinogen, α2‐macroglobulin, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, α1‐acid glycoprotein and albumin were measured at different times after the administration of rhIL 6. Maximal increases of mRNA concentrations were observed already 4 h after the injection of rhIL 6 leading to 4.8‐, 19.7‐, 10‐ and 16‐fold stimulations in mRNA levels of β‐fibrinogen, α2‐macroglobulin, cysteine proteinase inhibitor or α1 acid glycoprotein, respectively.The rhIL 6‐induced stimulation of acute‐phase protein mRNA was much more rapid than the acute‐phase induction after turpentine, where maximal mRNA levels were found between 16 and 24 h. For all acute‐phase proteins studied, the stimulation of mRNA synthesis was found to be dependent on the dose of rhIL 6 injected. In the case of α2‐macroglobulin mRNA a sex‐specific induction by rhIL 6 was found. Only male rats showed an acute‐phase response, whereas in female rats an acute‐phase reaction of α2‐macroglobulin mRNA was not inducible by IL 6.The increases in mRNA levels of the acute‐phase proteins studied were followed by corresponding changes of the proteins in the serum determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. It is concluded that IL 6 represents a potent mediator of the acute‐phase response in the rat.
Expression and function of a CD 5 cDNA in human and murine T cells
Authors: Nishimura Yasuharu , Bierer Barbara E. , Jones William K. , Jones Nancy H. , Strominger Jack L. , Burakoff Steven J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to define the function of the CD 5 (T1, Leu 1, Tp 67 in the human; Ly‐1 in the mouse) molecule, a cDNA clone of human CD 5 was expressed in a CD 5‐deficient Jurkat cell line and in a murine T cell hybridoma. A Jurkat subclone (Jurkat 9.9) produced interleukin 2 (IL 2) in response to anti‐CD 3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) cross‐linked to solid support. IL 2 production was enhanced by co‐culture with the anti‐CD 5 mAb OKT1. A CD 5‐deficient mutant clone Jurkat 1.15 was generated by treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate followed by selection with anti‐CD 5 mAb plus complement. Jurkat 1.15 did not demonstrate enhancement of IL 2 production by OKT1 in the presence of cross‐linked anti‐CD 3 mAb. A cDNA encoding human CD 5 was introduced into a defective retrovirus which was used to infect Jurkat 1.15. A Jurkat clone stably expressing CD 5 was established. In response to OKT1, a rise in intracellular calcium was observed in both the parent Jurkat 9.9 and the CD5− infectant but not in the CD5‐ mutant or a G418‐ resistant control. Furthermore, expression of CD 5 restored the augmentation of IL 2 production by OKT1 in response to cross‐linked anti‐CD 3 mAb. A murine T cell hybridoma By 155.16 which produces IL 2 in response to HLA‐DR antigens was also infected with the CD 5‐recombinant retrovirus and three stable CD5− infectants were generated. These hybridomas showed enhancement of IL 2 production by stimulation with OKT l in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of soluble anti‐murine CD 3 mAb. These results provide further evidence that CD 5 provides a co‐stimulatory signal for T cell activation.
Allele and locus‐specific differences in cell surface expression and the association of HLA class I heavy chain with β2‐microglobulin: differential effects of inhibition of glycosylation on class I subunit association
Authors: Neefjes Jacques J. , Ploegh Hidde L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe assembly of HLA class I antigens, and the contribution of the single N‐linked glycan to this process were examined. We observed a requirement for N‐linked glycosylation in the proper assembly and surface expression of HLA‐B locus products in particular, although considerable variation was seen within the allelic series of the HLA‐A and B loci. We conclude that the single N‐linked glycan can contribute in a major way to that conformation of the heavy (H) chain which is competent to associate with the light chain β2‐microglobulin, and that the presence, rather than the type, of carbohydrate chain is important in this respect.The association of human class IH chains with β2‐microglobulin shows biphasic kinetics, where an initially rapid phase is followed by a prolonged period during which no further association can be measured. It appears that HLA‐C H chains are initially synthesized in amounts similar to HLA‐A and B H chains, but associate inefficiently with β2‐microglobulin, resulting in low expression of HLA‐C at the cell surface. The individual stages of assembly and maturation of class I antigens including the transfer from Golgi to cell surface were found to display characteristic allelic variation.
Anti‐CD27 monoclonal antibodies identify two functionally distinct subpopulations within the CD4+ T cell subset
Authors: Lier René A. W.Van , Pool Marco Oudkerk , Kabel Peter , Mous Saskia , Terpstra Fokke , Rie Menno A.De , Melief Cornelis J. M. , Miedema Frank 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐CD27 monoclonal antibodies react with a cell surface molecule expressed on medullary thymocytes and a large subpopulation (75%) of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This study was undertaken to analyze the functional capacities of CD27− and CD27− subpopulations within the CD4+ subset. In addition, we investigated whether CD27 subpopulations belong to two mutually exclusive T cell sublineages. Proliferation upon lectin stimulation by either phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was found to be consistently higher in CD4+CD27− cells compared to CD4+CD27− cells. In contrast, CD27+ and CD27− cells did not differ in anti‐CD3, soluble antigen or interleukin (IL) 2‐induced proliferation. In PWM‐driven B cell differentiation, CD4+CD27+ cells provided helper activity on IgM production, while CD4+CD27− cells did not. The differences observed between CD4+CD27+ and CD4+CD27− cells in both proliferation and T helper activity on IgM production can, at least in part, be explained by the inadequate production of IL2 by CD27− cells upon lectin stimulation. In contrast, CD27+ and CD27− subpopulations did not differ in the production of interferon‐γ. CD27− cells could be induced to express the CD27 antigen through stimulation of these cells with immobilized anti‐CD3 antibodies. After 3 days of culture, approximately 50% of the cells had CD27 membrane expression, whereas after 6 days 80% of the cells express the antigen. We conclude that anti‐CD27 antibodies identify two functionally distinct T cell populations within the CD4+ subset. These subpopulations apparently do not belong to two separate T cell sub‐lineages, but may reflect differences in the activation state of CD27+ vs. CD27−peripheral blood T lymphocytes.
CD45R gives immunofluorescence and transduces signals on mouse T cells
Authors: Marvel Jacqueline , Mayer Anton 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe expression of CD45R on mouse T cells has been studied. This antigen is expressed on the two higher molecular weight bands of CD45 (or T200) and in mouse it is currently used as a marker of B cells (B220). Here we confirm that CD45R is expressed on some mouse T cell clones. We show that a small but measurable proportion of mouse spleen and peripheral blood lymphocyte T cells gives positive immunofluorescence with B220. Also CD45R‐specific antibodies increase the proliferation response to phytohemagglutinin up to 3‐fold, thus confirming that CD45R molecules transduce a signal into mouse T cells.
T cell epitopes on the 36K and 65K Mycobacterium leprae antigens defined by human T cell clones
Authors: Schooten Wim C. A.Van , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Klatser Paul R. , Thole Jelle , Vries René R. P.De , Kolk Arend H. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo identify the molecular localization and specificity of Mycobacterium leprae antigenic determinants inducing T cell activation, we studied the reactivity of M. leprae‐reactive T cell clones from two tuberculoid leprosy patients towards a battery of different mycobacterial strains and purified mycobacterial antigens. Of the 38 T cell clones tested 8 appeared to be M. leprae specific (specificity A), another 8 were cross‐reactive with at least one of the three mycobacterial strains, M. lepraemurium, M. vaccae and M. scrofulaceum (specificity B), 5 were reactive with most but not all strains (specificity C) and the remaining 18 were reactive with all 17 mycobacterial strains tested (specificity D), but not with nonmycobacterial antigens. All T cell clones were tested with the 36K and 65K antigen isolated from M. leprae, and with the M. leprae and M. bovis BCG 65K proteins produced in E. coli by recombinant DNA. Four T cell clones appeared to recognize epitopes on the 36K antigen, nine T cell clones recognized the 65K antigen. These 2 M. leprae antigens, 36K and 65K, thus seem to contain major T cell epitopes. At least 3 different epitopes could be defined on the 36K antigen of which one is M. leprae specific, one of specificity B and one of specificity C. Two distinct epitopes were discerned on the 65K antigen of which one is M. leprae specific and one of specificity D. The M. leprae‐specific epitopes on the 36K and 65K antigen may help in the development of a specific serodiagnostic and skin test.
Quantification of the progenitors for thymic T cells in various organs
Authors: Katsura Yoshimoto , Kina Tatsuo , Takaoki Yuko , Nishikawa Shin‐Ichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPartial characterization and frequency determination of the progenitors for thymic T cells in various organs were made b transferring cells directly into the thymus (intrathymically, i.t.). B0.Thy‐1.1 (H‐2b, Thy‐1.1) mice were used as the donor, and C57BL/6 (H‐2b, Thy‐1.2) mice that had been whole body irradiated with 800 rads and reconstituted with 107 syngeneic (B6) bone marrow (BM) cells were used as the recipient. BM cells, spleen cells and thymus cells from young adults and fetal liver cells (day 14 of gestation) were treated with anti‐Thy‐1.1 antibody plus complement, and trasferred i.t. The generation of Thy‐1.1+ donor type cells in the recipient's thymus was investigated by using flow cytometry. From the time course of generation, it was shown that the progenitor cells in the thymus were distinct from those in other organs. After the transfer of thymic non‐T cells, donor‐type cells began to generate on the 4th day, the proportion of donor‐type T cells increased quickly thereafter, and the progenitors in this organ ceased to produce T cells by day 21. On the other hand, a latent period of about 10 days was required for progenitor cells in the BM, spleen or fetal liver to generate T cells, and T cell producing‐activity of the progenitor cells in these organs lasted as long as 7 weeks.The frequency of progenitor cells was analyzed by transferring serial dilutions of anti‐Thy‐1.1 plus complement‐treated cells i.t. and investigating the generation of donor‐type T cells in the recipient's thymus on day 11 in the case transferred with thymic cells and on day 21 in other cases. The proportion of negative recipients which did not contain detectable levels of donor‐type cells was plotted on a logarithmic scale against the number of cells transferred on a linear scale. The progenitor cell frequencies in BM, spleen, thymus and fetal liver were estimated to be 12.5 × 10−5, 6.25 × 10−5, 0.22 X10−5 and 0.14 × 10−5, respectively. The reliability of the frequency determination was supported by the finding that when a limited number (103) of a 1:1 mixture of BM cells from two mutually identifiable donors was transferred it., most of the recipients were negative for donor‐type T cells and 3 out of 4 positive recipients were seeded by progenitor cells of a single donor.
Nucleic acid‐binding specificity and idiotypic expression of canine anti‐DNA antibodies
Authors: Zouali Moncef , Migliorini Paola , Mackworth‐Young Charles G. , Stollar B.David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum samples collected from eleven lupus dogs during an active phase of the disease all bound native and denatured DNA, poly(dT), poly(I) and poly(G). Nine bound poly(C); 10 bound poly(U); and 3 bound poly(A). Sera from 22 normal dogs were negative with all of these antigens. The canine sera were also probed for the presence of three idiotypic markers, one related to human lupus anti‐DNA antibodies and two related to murine lupus antibodies. One canine lupus serum expressed idiotopes related to a murine anti‐DNA idiotype (Id) termed H130: (a) the canine serum bound to anti‐H130 anti‐Id; (b) it inhibited the binding of anti‐H130 Id to its homologous Id; and (c) the anti‐H130 Id inhibited the binding of the canine serum to DNA. These findings suggest that anti‐DNA variable regions exhibit interspecies similarities, probably reflecting the conservation of the encoding gene segments through evolution.
CD2 is involved in regulating cyclic AMP levels in T cells
Authors: Carrera Ana C. , Rincón Mercedes , Landázuri Manuel O.De , López‐Botet Miguel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe human T lymphocyte‐specific CD2 (T11) molecule, that regulates T cell activation, is capable of mediating increases of intracellular cAMP. Monoclonal antibodies directed to different epitopes of the CD2 molecule which either induce or inhibit T cell proliferation are capable of triggering an increase of cAMP comparable to that induced by reagents which activate adenylate cyclase. These results indicate that there is a relationship between the CD2 membrane molecule and the adenylate cyclase system.
Prediction and identification of an HLA‐DR‐restricted T cell determinant in the 19‐kDa protein of Mycobacteriurn tuberculosis
Authors: Lamb Jonathan R. , Rees Ann D. M. , Bal Vineeta , Ikeda Hitoshi , Wilkinson David , Vries Rene R. P.De , Rothbard Jonathan B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn allele‐specific motif has been identified in the sequence of several peptides which are recognized by T cells in association with HLA‐DR1. In order to test the predictive values of such a motif we analyzed the 19‐kDa antigene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and identified a sequence containing a pattern characteristic of DR1 restriction. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from every DR1 and 4 individual tested responded to the corresponding synthetic peptide. Nine other donors, constituting seven different DR alleles, failed to recognize this sequence. Recognition of the peptide in association with DR1 and DR4 was confirmed using T cell clones and transfected murine L cell lines expressing DR molecules.
Direct and indirect nickel‐specific stimulation of T lymphocytes from patients with allergic contact dermatitis to nickel
Authors: Kapsenberg Martien L. , Pouw‐Kraan Tineke Van Der , Stiekema Frank E. , Schootemeijer Annelies , Bos Jan D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFourteen T lymphocyte clones (TLC) specific for the contact allergen nickel were prepared either from lesional tissue biopsies or from peripheral blood of patients with allergic nickel‐contact dermatitis.Two nickel‐specific TLC, obtained from lesional tissue, responded to nickel without the participation of antigen‐presenting cells (APC). This direct stimulation by nickel was not restricted by major histocompatibility complex‐encoded molecules, since antibodies against HLA class I and I1 molecules did not block nickel‐specific proliferation. Proliferation of other nickel‐specific TLC was dependent on the presence of APC and was diversely restricted by HLA class I1 molecules. With one exception, the restriction determinants were present on HLA‐DR and HLA‐DQ molecules. Four TLC recognized nickel in association with subtypes of these serologically defined molecules. Five TLC seemed to recognize nickel in the context of highly unusual restriction determinants, since their restrictions could not be explained by the function of single polymorphic HLA class I1 epitopes. The absence of HLA class I1 restrictions and the occurrence of deviant HLA class I1 restrictions in part of the nickel‐specific TLC are suggested to result from direct interactions of nickel with critical immune response molecules.
Identification of individual tumor necrosis factor/ cachectin‐producing cells after lipopolysaccharide induction
Authors: Henter Jan‐Inge , Söder Olof , Andersson Ulf 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method to detect single tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)‐producing cells, based on immunofluorescence staining, is presented. We have developed a rapid and simple procedure to permeabilize blood leukocytes for antibodies without causing cell aggregation. Using monoclonal as well as polyclonal TNFα‐specific antibodies cytoplasmic TNFα could be detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated monocytes in identical ways. In addition, one out of 15 tested fresh blood samples from healthy blood donors contained occasional TNFα‐producing cells. We found a well‐defined staining of the intracellular TNFα with a local, polar accumulation in a juxtanuclear position of the cell. This finding most probably indicated the presence of the monokine in the Golgi organelle because the sequential staining for TNFα and the Golgi zone by specific antibodies coincided. Thus, we believe the TNFα accumulation at this site reflects the production rather than cellular uptake of the cytokine, since the incubation of blood leukocytes with recombinant TNFα did not lead to any detectable staining.By performing two‐color staining of cell surface antigens and cytoplasmic TNFα of LPS‐stimulated blood leukocytes we could demonstrate that monocytes exclusively contributed to the TNFα synthesis. At the peak of the response, which occurred 2–3 h after LPS exposure, 50–60% of the blood monocytes produced TNFα. We noted a rapid decline in the number of TNFα‐producing cells already 6 h after initiation of these cultures.