bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apakah pembelajaran diferensiasi mengakibatkan cognitive load tinggi?
Authors: Aini Rosita Nurul , Retnowati Endah 
Published: March 2024

Cognitive load theory menjelaskan pentingnya analisis kemampuan awal siswa dalam desain pembelajaran karena perbedaan kemampuan awal mengindikasikan perbedaan tingkat cognitive load yang dialami selama kegiatan pemecahan masalah. Adanya diferensiasi metode pembelajaran diduga lebih efektif sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran berdasarkan divergenitas tingkat kemampuan awal siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan efektivitas pembelajaran statistika dengan metode diferensiasi dan pembelajaran non-diferensiasi ditinjau dari kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan cognitive load siswa. Metode diferensiasi yang dikembangkan adalah dengan memberikan metode pembelajaran sesuai kategori tingkat kemampuan awal, yaitu jika rendah (metode worked example), sedang (metode faded example), dan tinggi (metode problem solving block). Penelitian quasi experiment dengan desain penelitian posttest only grup design ini melibatkan 60 siswa (novice) kelas VIII SMP dalam pembelajaran statistika berorientasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Menggunakan uji ANCOVA dengan nilai pretest sebagai variabel kovariat diperoleh bahwa pembelajaran diferensiasi sama efektifnya dengan pembelajaran non-diferensiasi ditinjau dari pencapaian kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Namun, pembelajaran diferensiasi dapat menurunkan cognitive load siswa selama kegiatan pembelajaran.
Reexamination of Aspergillus cristatus phylogeny in dark tea: Characteristics of the mitochondrial genome
Authors: Zhiyuan Hu , Lin Chen , Yihan Wang , Meng Dong , Yanzi Li , Zhenggang Xu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To enhance our understanding of Aspergillus cristatus, an important functional microorganism, the characteristics of its mitochondrial genome were analyzed and compared with related species. The mitochondrial genome of A. cristatus was determined to be 77,649 bp in length, with 15 protein-coding regions. Notably, its length surpassed that of the other species, primarily attributable to the intron length. Gene order exhibited significant variations, with greater conservation observed in the genus Penicillium compared to Aspergillus. Phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are closely related but monophyletic. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree constructed based on protein-coding genes effectively distinguished all strains with high branching confidence. This approach provides a robust reflection of the evolutionary relationship between A. cristatus and its related species, offering potential for the development of molecular markers suitable for Aspergillus and Penicillium.
First report of Diatraea impersonatella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Honduras
Authors: Robles-Perez Rafael , Isiordia-Aquino Néstor , Ávila-Rodríguez Bredy R. , Castillo-Colindres Alejandra A. , Vejar-Cota Guadalupe , Solis M. Alma , Cortez-Isiordia Kenedy A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study is the first report of the stalk borer Diatraea impersonatella (Walker) on sugarcane in Honduras. A total of 167 larvae were collected from sugarcane crops in the Department Francisco Morazán, Municipality Villa de San Francisco, Honduras, during November 2022 to January 2023. The larval specimens were reared with the objective of obtaining adults for the morphological identification of the species through the inspection of male genitalia.
High efficient net gain and low noise figure based vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers for wavelength division multiplexing applications
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Balasubramanian Arunsundar , Balakrishnan Nithyasundari , Jebanazer Jeneetha , Kandasamy Mohana Sundaram , Govindaswamy Nishanthi , Mahmoud Rashida Maher 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper has demonstrated the high efficient net gain and low noise figure based vertical cavity semiconductor light amplifiers for wavelength division multiplexing applications. Previous study on the chip reflective gain variations versus SOA current under temperature effects is clarified. We have transferred light semiconductor amplifiers for wavelength multiplexing schemes applications. Amplifier output power is demonstrated with bias current and amplifier active layer region length variations based input signal power of 3, 6.5, 10 dBm, 1550 nm wavelength and optimum amplifier confinement factor of 0.45. The amplifier output noise variations are clarified against the bias current and amplifier active layer region width variations based input signal power of 3, 6.5, 10 dBm, 1550 nm wavelength and optimum amplifier confinement factor of 0.45. The output OSNR variations are studied clearly and deeply against the bias current and amplifier active layer region length variations based input signal power of 3, 6.5, 10 dBm, 1550 nm wavelength and optimum amplifier confinement factor of 0.45. The signal loss is demonstrated versus both active layer width/length and temperature based optimum 30 % gallium core dopant ratio and 28 % arsenide cladding dopant ratio at optimum input signal power of 10 dBm, 1550 nm wavelength and optimum amplifier confinement factor of 0.45. SOA amplifier output power can be enhance with the management of both bias current and input signal power and the reduction of active amplifier length. The amplifier output noise can be enhance with the management of both bias current and input signal power and the reduction of active amplifier width. Output OSNR system can be improved with the management of both bias current and input signal power and the reduction of active amplifier length. The SOA amplifier gain can be improved with the management of both bias current and input signal power and the reduction of active amplifier length. The SOA amplifier noise figure can be improved with the management of both bias current and input signal power and the reduction of active amplifier width. The signal loss can be controlled and managed by adjusting optimum 30 % gallium core dopant ratio and 28 % arsenide cladding dopant ratio, optimum active layer/with and the presence of room temperature.
Crucial role of the internalisation of the distinction between dependent and independent variables for clearer chemistry understanding
Authors: Mammino Liliana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mathematics constitutes a fundamental key for the description and understanding of many phenomena. The chemistry discourse incorporates mathematics in various ways and instances. At educational level, interchanges occur in two directions: mathematics provides support for clearer understanding of chemical phenomena, and the level at which students use the relevant mathematics is an indication of the clarity of their conceptual understanding in chemistry. The present work focuses on an issue for which mathematics tightly links to the conceptual understanding of physical terms – the issue of independent and dependent variables. The definition is in principle well known. On the other hand, the distinction between the two types of variables and their roles is not always clearly underlined at explanation level, and is often not sufficiently internalised by students. This results in a variety of misunderstandings and errors. Careful analysis of students’ works enables the identification of errors that can be tracked down to unclear distinction between the dependent and independent variables in a given context; such errors appear in several areas of chemistry, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The present work considers and analyses a number of representative examples, highlighting the impact of their unclear distinction and the ensuing importance of devoting specific attention to it. Selected addressing approaches from direct experience are included and their outcomes discussed.
Methylene blue and its potential in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, brain ischemia, and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Isaev Nickolay K. , Genrikhs Elizaveta E. , Stelmashook Elena V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and brain ischemia/reperfusion cause neurodegenerative processes that can continue after the acute stage with the development of severe brain atrophy with dementia. In this case, the long-term neurodegeneration of the brain is similar to the neurodegeneration characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is associated with the accumulation of beta amyloid and tau protein. In the pathogenesis of AD as well as in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and TBI oxidative stress, progressive inflammation, glial activation, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and excessive activation of autophagy are involved, which implies the presence of many targets that can be affected by neuroprotectors. That is, multivariate cascades of nerve tissue damage represent many potential targets for therapeutic interventions. One of such substances that can be used in multi-purpose therapeutic strategies is methylene blue (MB). This drug can have an antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effect, activate autophagy, inhibit the aggregation of proteins with an irregular shape, inhibit NO synthase, and bypass impaired electron transfer in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. MB is a well-described treatment for methemoglobinemia, malaria, and encephalopathy caused by ifosfamide. In recent years, this drug has attracted great interest as a potential treatment for a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including the effects of TBI, ischemia, and AD.
The effects of the Russian–Ukrainian crisis on the resources in the Czech manufacturing sector
Authors: Heinzová Romana , Hoke Eva , Urbánek Tomáš 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEconomies have gone through several crises in the recent past. The most serious ones were the Covid-19 pandemic and the current Russian–Ukrainian war. Our paper aimed to identify and analyse the impacts and consequences of the pandemic and the war on the manufacturing sector of the Czech Republic. A literature review, based on the analysis and synthesis of the scientific sources, served as a platform for determining research questions and hypotheses. The article summarizes the research results of the research team in October – November 2022. The gap between the outbreak of the war and the implementation of the research was 7 months. The chi-square test, Cramer's coefficient, and exact binomial test were used to verify the statistical dependencies of the research questions and hypotheses. Attention is also focused on risk prevention, as research results show that there has been a sharp increase in the supplier and personnel risks.
Postgraduate Biochemistry Companion
Authors: Chandel Dr. Rittu , Chatterjee Dr. Gangadhar 
Published: March 2024

Biochemistry is thought to be the boring and difficult to learn subject to MBBS and MD students. It appears to be more difficult to write answers during examination. When we were student we realized we had to go through many books and it was time consuming as it was difficult to understand which book for which topic, it also was difficult to reproduce in the exam. So we decided to write a book to help other post graduate students which will help precious time during the eleventh hour of examination. It’s a simple English written book for post graduate students. We hope PG students of MD Biochemistry as well as BSc. and MSc. Biochemistry and MBBS students also will find our effort worth it.

In today’s era of evidence-based medicine, Biochemistry is an integral and indispensible tool for diagnosis and treatment. Be happy to be the part of the most fascinating and emerging field of medicine helping to save human life.

Dr. Rittu Chandel

Dr. Gangadhar Chatterjee
Intraperitoneal local anesthetic instillation as a method to attenuate pneumoperitoneum induced hemodynamic response during laparoscopic surgeries: A randomized placebo controlled study
Authors: Dommeti Murali Krishna , Reddy Bharat Chandra , Tappa Rabbani , Ramchandran Gopinath , Polapally Venu 
Published: March 2024

Laparoscopy is associated with significant hemodynamic changes due to pneumoperitoneum creation. We sought to study the effectiveness of intraperitoneal local anesthetic instillation in attenuating pneumoperitoneum-mediated hemodynamic response in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This randomized study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethics committee, and 100 patients were randomly assigned to either group R (40 mL of 0.2% Ropivacaine intraperitoneally) or group N (40 mL of 0.9% normal saline intraperitoneally). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Independent Samples T test was used to compare hemodynamic variables between groups at regular intervals. Statistical significance was set less than 0.05.: Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly lower in Group R than in Group N at 15,30, 45,60,75, and 90 min (P&#60;0.05).: Intra peritoneal instillation of 0.2% Ropivacaine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy attenuates intra operative hemodynamic changes associated with pneumoperitoneum.
Nanostructured dendrimer improves the solubility of carvedilol, furosemide and nimodipine
Authors: Patel Jigar V. , Patel Vidhi , M. Patel Pravinkumar 
Published: March 2024

Essential hypertension has been treated for over 30 years using both diuretics and beta-blockers. When it comes to treating heart failure, there are three different generations of beta-blockers that are now in use. Carvedilol is a blocker from the third generation. Nimodipine is a common L-type calcium channel blocker. The hypertension medication furosemide is a loop diuretic. This class of medications' low solubility in water has emerged as a serious obstacle in the pharmaceutical industry's pursuit of better treatments. A novel class of polymers called dendrimers has recently gained a lot of interest due to its impressive solubility-enhancing characteristics. Results from hemolysis studies and cytotoxicity tests using the novel nanostructure dendrimer shown here demonstrate superior performance of synthetic dendritic macromolecules compared to commercially available PAMAM dendrimer. Dendrimers are used to enhance the solubility of nimodipine, furosemide, and carvedilol up to 38.08µg/ml, 70.999µg/ml and 147.065µg/ml respectively. The enhancement of dendrimer-mediated solubility is primarily determined by factors such as dendrimer concentration and generation size. Drugs containing dendrimers may be studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the results of this investigation, nanostructured dendrimer technology may help with hydrophobic medication dispersion.
Design, formulation and in-vitro evaluation of diclofenac sodium fast disintegrating tablets
Authors: Prasanna Kumar P SS , Anjali T , Nandyala Srinivas , Sivaji K. 
Published: March 2024

Diclofenac sodium is an agent shows Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-pyretic and Analgesic activity. The present work of the study is to design, formulate a tablet by using powder from Corn silk which disintegrate, dissolve rapidly, thereby gives rapid onset of action and investigate the fast-disintegrating property. The natural polymer chosen for the purpose of study is due to disintegrating property, non-toxicity, low cost, reliable, free availability, eco-friendly, potentially degradable and compatible. The formulation has been preparedCorn silkpowderwithvarious 05 different concentrations 2-10%W/W using direct compression method and evaluations are conducted. Each formulation has been Evaluated for various parameters of pre and post compression tablets namely Bulk density, tapped density, Angle of repose, Weight variation, Hardness, Friability, Wetting time, Disintegration time, In- vitro dissolution studies. The in vitro dissolution studies revealed that F5 with 10%w/w of Corn silk achieved a remarkable release of 99.98% of the drug within 25 minutes.The inclusion of corn silk in F5 significantly enhances the dissolution rate of diclofenac sodium compared with other formulations.
Penerapan Data Warehouse dan Dashboard Berbasis Kimball Nine-Step untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Informasi dan Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors: Putra Hasdi , Aulia Benardo 
Published: March 2024

Data warehouse dan dashboard adalah dua komponen penting dalam sistem informasi yang dapat membantu organisasi dalam mengelola dan menganalisis data secara efektif dan efisien. Namun, untuk membangun data warehouse dan dashboard yang berkualitas, diperlukan metodologi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik organisasi. Salah satu metodologi yang populer dan teruji adalah Kimball Nine-Step, yang dikembangkan oleh Ralph Kimball, seorang pakar data warehouse. Metodologi ini terdiri dari sembilan langkah, yaitu: (1) menentukan bisnis proses, (2) menentukan grain, (3) mengidentifikasi dimensi, (4) mengidentifikasi fakta, (5) merancang skema bintang, (6) merancang dimensi fisik, (7) merancang fakta fisik, (8) merancang dashboard, dan (9) mengimplementasikan data warehouse dan dashboard. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan metodologi Kimball Nine-Step dalam membangun data warehouse dan dashboard untuk PT Debe Tour, perusahaan jasa tour dan travel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa data warehouse dan dashboard yang dibangun dengan menggunakan Kimball Nine-Step dapat meningkatkan kualitas informasi dan pengambilan keputusan di perusahaan tersebut.
Reporting Tax Schemes Violates Legal Professional Privilege
Authors: Prejs Ewa 
Published: March 2024

In this article, the author discusses the judgment of the CJEU in the case C-694/20 Orde van Vlaamse Balies and Others, which extends the protection of professional secrecy for lawyers. In the context of combating aggressive tax planning, the CJEU ruled that requiring licensed lawyers to inform other intermediaries involved in a tax scheme is unnecessary and violates the right to respectful communication with the client. The CJEU’s view that legal professional privilege takes precedence over tax objectives and obligations is the main novelty of the judgment under review. Individuals who consult a lawyer, as well as a tax advisor, have a reasonable expectation that their communications will remain private and confidential. Therefore, except in exceptional circumstances, they have a legitimate expectation that their lawyer will not, without their consent, disclose to anyone the fact that they are the subject of his or her advice. Following the judgment, the European Commission will legislate to amend the DAC6 Directive so that it meets the requirements of EU primary law as identified by the Court.
The judgment is also important because it recognises that legal professional privilege is not limited to advice given in the context of litigation, which has been a restrictive view in antitrust cases.
In Orde van Vlaamse Balies and Others, in which the Court held that the duty to inform other intermediaries imposed by Article 8ab(5) DAC 6 interfered with the right to respect for communications between lawyers and their clients guaranteed by Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Court gave primacy to primary law (the Charter of Fundamental Rights) over secondary law (DAC 6). In this context, a new jurisprudential trend can be observed in which a substantive review of the Tax Directive was carried out on the basis of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. In general, the CJEU has been reluctant to get involved in substantively reviewing EU secondary legislation. More recently, however, the CJEU seems to be carefully analysing provisions of EU directives that are not in line with fundamental rights.
Implications of a Biblical Christian Worldview: A Case Study of Sociology, Language, Art, and Pedagogy Lecturers’ Teaching Practices [Implikasi dari Pandangan Dunia Kristen yang Alkitabiah: Studi Kasus Praktik Pengajaran Dosen Sosiologi, Bahasa, Seni, dan Pedagogi]
Authors: Siahaan Meri Fuji 
Published: March 2024

<p>The purpose of this research was to describe lecturers’ practices of integrating a biblical Christian worldview in teaching courses in sociology, Indonesian language, art, and pedagogy (assessment and teaching and learning theories). The participants were the lecturers in one of the education faculties in Tangerang. The data were derived from interviews with five faculty members and collecting their course syllabus. Descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach was employed. The data were described and analyzed in the light of the current literature. The findings showed that those five faculty members have been implementing a biblical Christian worldview in their teaching with a pedagogy of transferring new information. This paper suggests faculty not use a biblical Christian worldview as just intellectual information with a goal of increasing head knowledge but rather use it to reorient students' hearts.</p>
BLACKAMOOR
Authors: Almeida de Souza Claudio Rafael 
Published: March 2024

Este artigo busca compreender a utilização da imagem do negro, mas especificamente de mouros imigrantes da Itália representados como objetos de decoração tidos como exóticos e chamados blackamoors. Essa representação tipicamente masculina, em sua diversidade iconográfica apresenta apenas a cabeça, ou cabeça e ombros, de frente para o espectador em uma pose simétrica. Embora, na escultura decorativa, o corpo inteiro é representado, para segurar bandejas como servidores visuais ou arandelas de bronze para segurar velas ou luminárias, retratados em pares. Eles podem ser incorporados em pequenos estandes, mesas ou andirons. Existem blackamoors que estão em posições acrobáticas que seriam impossíveis de manter por um período prolongado de tempo para uma pessoa real. Como metodologia busca-se também analisar seis exemplares a partir da iconografia, analise proposta por Panofsky. A iconografia trata-se do estudo e interpretação da forma de uma arte para o entendimento do contexto e estética das diferentes obras em estudo, dos modos de vida e a inserção no contexto social.
Synthesis of 3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)acrylic acid and 4-(oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pro-1-en-1-yl)-1,2-phenylendiacetate from 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid and their toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method
Authors: Tahar Musrifah , Hariani Soekamto Nunuk 
Published: March 2024

Derivatization 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid to 3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (1) and 4-(oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pro-1-en-1-yl)-1,2-phenylendiacetate (3) and its toxicity test has been successfully carried out. Derivatization was carried out through acetylation, chlorination, and amidation reactions. The acetylation reaction was carried out using acetic anhydride in pyridine solvent at room temperature for 4 hours to produce compound 1 as a white amorphous solid with m.p. 181-183oC and yield of 85.68%. The chlorination reaction was carried out using thionyl chloride in toluene solvent at the reflux temperature of 79°C for 4 hours and continued with in situ amidation using piperidine in dichloromethane solvent at room temperature to produce compound 3 as a white crystal with m.p. 139-141oC and yield of 39.45%. The toxicity test of the two compounds against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae using probit analysis showed that compounds 1 and 3 were toxic with LC50 values ​​of 8.919 μg/mL and 84.511 μg/mL, respectively. This data shows that the acetylation of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid compound (LC50 = 46.50 μg/mL) increases the toxicity to larvae of Artemia salina Leach shrimp.

Keywords: 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid, 3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)acrylic acid, 4-(oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pro-1-en-1-yl)-1,2-phenylendiacetate, Artemia salina Leach.