bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Patients with Leukemia and Lymphoma Urgently Admitted to the PICU: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nostedt Sarah , Sinha Ruchi , Joffe Ari R. , Szadkowski Leah , Farrell Catherine , Parshuram Chris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectives were to describe the severity of illness in patients with leukemia or lymphoma urgently admitted to pediatric intensive care and explores the risk factors for mortality. A secondary analysis was performed of prospectively collected data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 21 children's hospitals from 2011 to 2015. Eligible patients were urgently admitted to intensive care and had a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma. Associations with intensive care mortality (primary outcome) were determined with multivariable generalized estimating equation with a logit link, accounting for clustering by site. Associations with time to intensive care mortality (secondary outcome) were determined with multivariable proportional hazards models. A total of 109 patients were included, age 115 (interquartile range [IQR] 42, 168) months and intensive care length of stay was 3 (IQR 2, 6) days. During the first hour in intensive care 36 (33%) were ventilated, and during intensive care 45 (41.3%) had at least 1 technology day. Day 1 Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score was ≥ 20 in 37 (33.9%), Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 mortality risk was > 10% in 35 (32.1%), and Children's Resuscitation Intensity Scale (RISC) was ≥ 3 (late admission to intensive care) in 32 (31.7%). Intensive care mortality was 20/109 (18.3%); with intensive care stay ≥ 20 days mortality was 51%. Previous urgent pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and day 1 PELOD score were associated with higher PICU mortality. Mechanical ventilation, day 1 PELOD score, and late admission to the PICU (RISC ≥ 2) were associated with time to death. Patients with leukemia and lymphoma urgently admitted to intensive care had mortality of 18.3%, an improvement from historical cohorts. Risk factors were not accurate enough to make individual patient care decisions.
Quantitative Measurement and Analysis of the Radial Peripapillary and Central Macular Microvasculature Density in Early Open-Angle Glaucoma Using OCT Angiography
Authors: Abdala Majdi Abdulhamid , Masoud Suliman Mohamed , Geilani Nadia Abdelsalam 
Published: March 2024

Background Glaucoma is a prevalent cause of visual impairment, and early detection is critical to prevent progressive vision loss. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables visualization of retinal and optic nerve microvasculature and holds promise for early glaucoma detection.
Aims This study aims to assess microvasculature density alterations in glaucoma using OCT-A.
Methods An observational cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at Benghazi Eye Hospital in Libya from December 2022 to August 2023. It included 160 eyes of 126 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and 120 eyes of 96 control subjects. OCT-A was performed using the Swept-Source OCT DRI Triton. Vessel density measurements were obtained from OCT-A images using new built-in software within the device. The data presented as mean ± standard deviation and percentages were analyzed using SPSS. The statistical significance of the differences between different groups was determined using independent t-tests, and the level of significance was set at p-value less than 0.05.
Results OCT-A demonstrated significantly reduced microvasculature density in glaucoma eyes across all optic nerve sectors including the inferior (29.0%), superior (25.2%), central (23.5%), nasal (9.9%), and temporal sectors (9.3%; p < 0.02). Moreover, glaucoma patients exhibited a significant reduction in vessel density in the superior macula (17% reduction), the temporal (15.7%,), nasal (12.9%), and inferior sectors (12.6%) (p < 0.002). No statistical difference was seen with vessel density of the central sector (0.49%, p >0.05).
Conclusion OCT-A demonstrated significant reductions in microvasculature density in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls. These findings support the association between glaucoma and vascular changes. Additionally, the TOPCON Swept-Source OCT DRI Triton new software shows promise as a valuable tool for early detection and monitoring of glaucoma-related vascular changes.
Abducens Nerve Duplication: Novel Intraoperative and Radiographic Observation of a Rare Anatomical Variant
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Scherschinski Lea , Benet Arnau , Benner Dimitri , Alhilali Lea M. , Dortch Richard , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives The abducens nerve has a long, serpentine subarachnoid course with complex topographical relationships, rendering abducens nerve palsy the most common ocular motor cranial nerve palsy in adults and second most common in pediatric patients, with anatomical variants reported in the literature. Preoperative awareness of abducens nerve variant anatomy may help prevent inadvertent intraoperative injury.
Design This study is a case report with a review of the abducens nerve anatomy and variants.
Setting The study setting included outpatient, inpatient, and operating room in the neurosurgery department of a quaternary referral center.
Participants The study included a woman in her early 30s with a diagnosis of petrous meningioma.
Main Outcome Measures In vivo documentation of a type 3 abducens nerve duplication was carried out.
Results A left extended retrosigmoid craniotomy was recommended for the petroclival meningioma resection. Intraoperatively, a complete duplication of the left abducens cisternal segment was encountered and photographed. The left unilateral abducens nerve duplication was confirmed with postoperative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging using the FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition) sequence, revealing the union of the duplicated cisternal abducens nerves into a single trunk from Dorello's canal distally.
Conclusion Abducens nerve variants are uncommon, and although reported in the setting of cadaveric dissection, in vivo documentation of them is limited. This case report of an in vivo type 3 abducens nerve duplication with intraoperative photographic and radiographic images highlights the need for clinical awareness to avoid inadvertent intraoperative injury.
Distal Radius Fracture Subsidence after Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Alzouhayli Kenan , Samade Richard , Sitton Beau , Bates Nathaniel , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Our primary aim was to identify risk factors for subsidence development in nonoperatively treated distal radius fractures (DRFs). Secondary aims of the study included comparisons of subsidence progression over time with respect to DRF radiographic parameters.
Methods A retrospective cohort study of 70 patients with DRFs treated nonoperatively and followed for a minimum of 12 weeks was performed. Of the 70 patients, 29 had subsidence and 41 did not have subsidence. Radiographic measurements assessed the radial height (RH), ulnar variance (UV), volar tilt (VT), and radial inclination (RI). Outcome measures included demographics, injury characteristics, closed reduction, and radiographic measurements.
Results Nearly 95% of DRF subsidence occurred within the first 6 weeks after nonoperative treatment. The mean age of the 41 patients without DRF subsidence was 57.6 ± 16.8 years, and 31/41 (76%) patients were females. Conversely, the mean of the 29 patients with DRF subsidence was 63.8 ± 17.5 years, and 22/29 (76%) patients were females. Fractures requiring closed reduction were associated with more overall subsidence (p = 0.0009) and subsidence within the first 2 weeks posttreatment. Type C and comminuted fractures were associated with DRF subsidence (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The initial radiographic parameters and step-off measures were not associated with a higher risk of subsidence (p ≥ 0.05). Significant differences between subsidence progressions with respect to RH, UV, VT, and RI were observed.
Conclusion Most DRF subsidence occurs within the first 6 weeks of nonoperative treatment. Closed reduction, comminution, and AO fracture type are predictors of subsidence development. Moreover, DRF subsidence progresses at different rates depending on the radiographic parameter assessed.
Optimal Screening for Hereditary Head and Neck Paraganglioma in Asymptomatic SDHx Variant Carriers in the Netherlands
Authors: Heesters Anouk Frederique , Tops Carli , Potjer Thomas , Corssmit Eleonora P.M. , Bayley Jean-Pierre , Hensen Erik , Jansen Jeroen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background SDHx variant carriers have an increased risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma. The Dutch guidelines state that these patients require lifelong follow-up, but no clear recommendation is made about the frequency of screening.
Objective To determine the annual risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma in SDHx variant carriers after a negative initial screening.
Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study in the Netherlands that included 49 SDHA, SDHB, and SDHD variant carriers with a negative first screening and at least one follow-up. The main outcome measure was the annual risk of developing a paraganglioma for the SDHx variants separately.
Results Between 2000 and 2022, nine patients developed a paraganglioma all of whom were carriers of a SDHD variant (n = 23). Neither the 24 SDHB-related cases nor the 2 SDHA variant carriers developed a paraganglioma after a median of 4.83 and 5.92 years of follow-up, respectively.
Conclusion The 5-year risk for head and neck paragangliomas in pathological SDHx variant carriers is less than 20%. A 5-year interval for screening SDHx carriers seems sufficient to prevent the unnoticed development of head and neck paragangliomas that warrant treatment.
Fibrinolytic Agents in Thromboembolic Diseases: Historical Perspectives and Approved Indications
Authors: Rashedi Sina , Greason Christie M. , Sadeghipour Parham , Talasaz Azita H. , O'Donoghue Michelle L. , Jimenez David , Monreal Manuel , Anderson Christopher D. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Kreuziger Lisa M. Baumann , Lang Irene M. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Piazza Gregory , Krumholz Harlan M. , Braunwald Eugene , Bikdeli Behnood 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFibrinolytic agents catalyze the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen into the active protease plasmin, degrading fibrin within the thrombus and recanalizing occluded vessels. The history of these medications dates to the discovery of the first fibrinolytic compound, streptokinase, from bacterial cultures in 1933. Over time, researchers identified two other plasminogen activators in human samples, namely urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Subsequently, tPA was cloned using recombinant DNA methods to produce alteplase. Several additional derivatives of tPA, such as tenecteplase and reteplase, were developed to extend the plasma half-life of tPA. Over the past decades, fibrinolytic medications have been widely used to manage patients with venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Currently, alteplase is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients with pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic compromise, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute ischemic stroke, and central venous access device occlusion. Reteplase and tenecteplase have also received FDA approval for treating patients with STEMI. This review provides an overview of the historical background related to fibrinolytic agents and briefly summarizes their approved indications across various thromboembolic diseases.
Calculation of product service systems in single and small batch production
Authors: Schuh Günther , Lukas Gerret , Schweins Julian , Trisjono Julian , Frank Julius 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Single and small batch production is characterized by complex value-added processes and products. The transparent calculation of new offers and change requests is therefore a particular challenge. At the same time, the rising spread of product service systems (PSS) increases the complexity of costing, as additional intangible services have to be calculated precisely. In addition to the challenges posed by such precise calculation of intangible services, companies have to master another complexity driver in the form of PSS. Innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) offer new potential for effective and efficient design of the costing process for the entire life cycle. The rising availability of data along the entire product life cycle significantly increases transparency and, thanks to intelligent analysis algorithms, allows the identification of clear cause-and-effect relationships and forecasting options. The aim of the presented paper is thus to develop a model for calculation of PPS in single and small batch production that exploits the new potential of ICT.
Attitude toward gender inequality in China
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Chiang Tsun-Feng , Xiao Jing Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study explores determinants of attitudes toward gender inequality among Chinese people using five waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and East Asian Social Survey (EASS, 2016). The study uses five survey questions regarding the relative roles of men and women in the family and workplace to measure gender attitudes. Utilizing the pooled data, the study finds temporal changes of attitude: women are expected to be more responsible for paid jobs than before while their job security is not given enough support; meanwhile, women’s share in housework is not anticipated to be reduced. The results suggest that the Chinese attitude toward women’s roles is stuck between the modern and old eras. Education is found to be the most crucial determinant of attitude. Education is positively correlated with attitudes supporting women regarding gender inequality. In addition, if the wife has a higher education than the husband, the respondent tends to have an attitude toward gender equality. Furthermore, a large part of the urban-rural difference in attitude can be explained by the urban-rural difference in education. These findings have a straightforward policy implication: to reduce the negative attitude toward gender inequality, education for women and rural regions needs to be promoted. Additionally, by combining the Chinese General Social Survey 2017 and the East Asian Social Survey 2016, this study finds that an individual’s patrilineal values conflict with the attitude toward gender equality, suggesting that traditional culture is a potential root of gender inequality.
How do behavior problems change over time in childhood? Evidence from the early childhood longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Chen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe trajectories and predictors of childhood behavior problems remain unclear, this study aims to examine this research topic using nine waves of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. A total of 1,1779 and 1,1785 children (ages 5 to 13 years) and their parents and teachers were recruited to examine the development of internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Results showed that internalizing problems had three developmental patterns, such as a low-increased pattern, a low-stable pattern, and a medium-decreased pattern, and externalizing problems had five developmental patterns, including a high-decreased pattern, a medium-decreased pattern, a low-high increased pattern, a low-increased pattern, and a low-stable pattern. The race, gender, family socioeconomic status, and self-control of the children predicted these trajectories. Findings suggest that changes in childhood behavior problems are heterogeneous and that individual differences should be considered when studying changes in behavior problems.
Reconstruction of averaging indicators for highly heterogeneous media
Authors: Audibert Lorenzo , Haddar Houssem , Pourre Fabien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose a new imaging algorithm capable of producing quantitative indicator functions for unknown and possibly highly oscillating media from multi-static far field measurements of scattered fields at a fixed frequency. The algorithm exploits the notion of modified transmission eigenvalues and their determination from measurements. We propose in particular the use of a new modified background obtained as the limit of a metamaterial background. It has the advantage of having a unique non zero eigenvalue, which is particularly suited for the proposed imaging procedure. We show the efficiency of this new algorithm on some two dimensional experiments and emphasise its superiority with respect to some classical approaches such as the linear sampling method.
Reflective x-ray masks for x-ray lithography
Authors: Chumak V S , Peredkov S , Devizenko A Yu , Kopylets I A , Pershyn Yu P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Application of x-ray multilayers as reflective x-ray masks for x-ray lithography is proposed. The mask is a specially prepared multilayer mirror capable to selectively reflect x-rays. The use of grazing geometry allows a pattern design on the mask to be compressed in one direction. Application examples are given for the masks (WC/Si multilayers) with two types of a radiation source: an x-ray tube (λ = 0.154 nm) and a synchrotron (λ ∼ 0.35 nm). The compression of the mask segments by 14–33 times with the imprint size in the resist plane 3.5–4 μm is obtained. The advantages of the proposed masks are given. The possibilities of obtaining submicron imprints are discussed.
Investigation of spurious mode suppression in 3.8 GHz shear-horizontal mode surface acoustic wave resonators based on LiNbO3/SiO2/Si multilayer structure
Authors: Tu Cheng , Zhang Ting-yang , Zhang Zhuo , Huang Qin-wen , Zhang Xiao-sheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
LiNbO3(LN)/SiO2/Si multilayer structures have recently attracted much attention due to their superior performance in realizing wideband radio-frequency acoustic filters. However, the spurious modes, which are commonly found in LN-on-insulator (LNOI) resonators, often cause in-band ripples and a deteriorated out-of-band suppression level. Although much research work has been done on the suppression of spurious modes in LNOI resonators operating in the <3 GHz region, little has been reported for >3 GHz devices. This work investigates the spurious mode suppression techniques for a 3.8 GHz shear-horizontal mode 36° YX-LNOI surface acoustic wave (SAW) device based on an LN/SiO2/Si multilayer structure. Specifically, we explore different techniques based on apodized electrodes, dummy electrodes and a double busbar structure. The measured results show that the effect of spurious mode suppression can be improved by combining the benefits of these techniques, which provides a promising solution for designing spurious-free LNOI SAW resonators operating above 3 GHz.
Navigating the magnetic contribution of the commonly used single-crystal substrates SrTiO3(100) and LaAlO3(100) in weak magnetic thin films
Authors: Mandal Arup Kumar , Sarkar Sumit , Chandra M , Mandal Snehal , Chowdhury Sourav , Jana Anupam , Bagri Anita , Bera Anup Kumar , Kumar Dileep , Das Indranil , Rajhunathan Rajamani , Phase D M , Choudhary R J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, thin films of weak ferromagnetic materials have been in huge demand; however, probing their magnetic characteristics has been difficult due to contributions from underlying substrates. In the present study, we have analyzed the magnetic properties of the commonly used single-crystal SrTiO3(100) and LaAlO3(100) substrates and performed a time-dependent annealing protocol in vacuum and ambient oxygen pressure to mitigate the intrinsic weak ferromagnetic contributions from these substrates arising due to the presence of disorder or defects such as vacancies in the pristine substrates. It is shown that after proper air annealing, the substrate magnetic background becomes diamagnetic. When such air-annealed diamagnetic substrates are used for the deposition of low-thickness films carrying low magnetic moments such as SrRuO3and SrMnO3thin films, their magnetic transitions are explicitly observed. The proposed annealing protocols help to improve the signal from weak magnetic samples. This allows us to analyze the film’s magnetic properties without worrying about the contribution from the substrate.
New aspects of femtosecond laser ablation of Si in water: a material perspective
Authors: Kumar Kanaka Ravi , Banerjee Dipanjan , Akkanaboina Mangababu , Goud R Sai Prasad , Anjum Arshiya , Prakash A P Gnana , Pathak Anand P , Soma Venugopal Rao , Rao S V S Nageswara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We report a study of the role of material’s conductivity in determining the morphology of nanoparticles and nanostructures produced by ultrafast laser ablation of solids. Nanoparticles and textured surfaces formed by laser ablation display a wide variation in size and morphology depending on the material. In general, these qualities can be grouped as to material type, insulator, semiconductor, or metal; although each has many other different material properties that make it difficult to identify the critical material factor. In this report, we study these nanoparticle/surface structural characteristics as a function of silicon (Si) resistivity, thus honing-in on this critical parameter and its effects. The results show variations in morphology, optical, and nonlinear properties of Si nanoparticles. The yield of colloidal Si nanoparticles increased with an increase in the conductivity of Si. Laser-induced periodic surface structures formed on ablated substrates are also found to be sensitive to the initial conductivity of the material. Further, the laser ablation of Gamma-irradiated Si has been investigated to verify the influence of altered conductivity on the formation of Si nanoparticles. These observations are interpreted using the basic mechanisms of the laser ablation process in a liquid and its intricate relation with the initial density of states and thermal conductivities of the target material.
Hole subband dispersions in a cylindrical Ge nanowire: exact results based on the axial Luttinger–Kohn Hamiltonian
Authors: Li (李 睿) Rui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on the Luttinger–Kohn Hamiltonian in the axial approximation, the transcendental equations determining the hole subband dispersions in a cylindrical Ge nanowire are analytically derived. These equations are more general than that derived using the spherical approximation, and are suitable to study the growth direction dependence of the subband dispersions. The axial approximation almost gives rise to the accurate low-energy subband dispersions for high-symmetry nanowire growth directions [001] and [111]. The perturbation correction from the non-axial term is negligible for these two directions. The lowest two subband dispersions can be regarded as two shifted parabolic curves with an energy gap at

k

z

=
0

for both growth directions [001] and [111]. At the position of the energy gap, the eigenstates for growth direction [111] are inverted in comparison with the normal eigenstates for growth direction [001]. A nanowire growth direction where the energy gap closes at

k

z

=
0

is predicted to exist between directions [001] and [111].