bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Heterocyclic Olefin‐Phosphines Based Cationic Ruthenium Complexes as Pre‐Catalysts for Dual C−H Bond Functionalizations
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Amiya , Das Bhagyashree , Jyoti Panda Subhra , Shekhar Purohit Chandra , Doddi Adinarayana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo N‐heterocyclic olefin‐phosphines (NHOP), and the corresponding ruthenium complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. One of the cationic complexes [(BzIM)(NHOP)Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]I was employed as a catalyst in N‐benzylbenzamides/alkyne coupling reactions. With this catalytic protocol a variety of substituted isoquinolones were synthesized through ortho‐selective double C−H bond functionalization involving oxidative annulation followed by olefination reactions. All these products were achieved in one‐pot manner without the use of additives.
Rapid Isolation and Detection of Breast Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells Using Microfluidic Sequential Trapping Array
Authors: Hassanzadeh‐Barforoushi Amin , Tsao Simon Chang‐Hao , Nadalini Audrey , Inglis David W. , Wang Yuling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) have garnered special attention as promising cancer biomarkers. Phenotypic changes of CTCs reveal invaluable information for oncologists in disease prognosis and adjusting their treatment options. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a promising tool for CTC isolation; however, two major hurdles remain to be solved in employing them in CTC analysis. First, a rapid CTC isolation scheme is needed to allow immediate use of patient samples for point‐of‐care treatment monitoring. Second, multiplexed and streamlined CTC imaging is needed to facilitate CTC detection. Here, a microfluidic CTC sequential trapping array (STA) is proposed which addresses these hurdles enabling pipette‐based CTC isolation and simultaneous profiling of multiple CTC protein expressions. The STA device isolates CTCs based on their size difference from blood cells and increases sample processing throughput through its parallel design configuration. It successfully isolates CTC from a depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells sample of breast cancer patients with a high recovery rate of 80% and discriminates the number and types of CTCs in breast cancer based on their disease stage. These findings will open a new avenue in clinical translation of CTC profiling technologies. It will be an example for future translational developments in CTC‐based cancer management.
A rat model of adenoid hypertrophy constructed by using ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharides to induce allergy, chronic inflammation, and chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Liu Anqi , Zhang Yixing , Lin Yan , Li Xuejun , Wang Shuming , Pu Wenyan , Liu Xiuxiu , Jiang Zhiyan , Xiao Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common pediatric disease that significantly impacts the growth and quality of life of children. However, there is no replicable and valid model for AH.MethodsAn AH rat model was developed via comprehensive allergic sensitization, chronic inflammation induction, and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The modeling process involved three steps: female Sprague–Dawley rats (aged 4–5 weeks) were used for modeling. Allergen sensitization was induced via intraperitoneal administration and intranasal provocation using ovalbumin (OVA); chronic nasal inflammation was induced through intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration for sustained nasal irritation; CIH akin to obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome was induced using an animal hypoxia chamber. Postmodel establishment, behaviors, and histological changes in nasopharynx‐associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and nasal mucosa were assessed. Arterial blood gas analysis and quantification of serum and tissue levels of (interleukin) IL‐4 and IL‐13, OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), IL‐17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β were conducted for assessment. The treatment group received a combination of mometasone furoate and montelukast sodium for a week and then was evaluated.ResultsRats exhibited notable nasal symptoms and hypoxia after modeling. Histopathological analysis revealed NALT follicle hypertrophy and nasal mucosa inflammatory cell infiltration. Elevated IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐17, OVA‐sIgE, ECP, and TNF‐α levels and reduced TGF‐β levels were observed in the serum and tissue of model‐group rats. After a week of treatment, the treatment group exhibited symptom and inflammatory factor improvement.ConclusionThe model effectively simulates AH symptoms and pathological changes. But it should be further validated for genetic, immunological, and hormonal backgrounds in the currently used and other strains and species.
PyrAt‐Verbindungen: Modulare organische Salze mit großen Stokes‐Verschiebungen für die Fluoreszenzmikroskopie
Authors: Saridakis Iakovos , Riomet Margaux , Belleza Oliver J. V. , Coussanes Guilhem , Singer Nadja K. , Kastner Nina , Xiao Yi , Smith Elliot , Tona Veronica , de la Torre Aurélien , Lopes Eric F. , Sánchez‐Murcia Pedro A. , González Leticia , Sitte Harald H. , Maulide Nuno 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDer Einsatz kleiner fluoreszierender Moleküle spielt in der Medizin und Arzneimittelentwicklung eine immer größere Rolle. Mit diesem Beitrag ergänzen wir das Portfolio leistungsstarker Fluorophore durch die zufällige Entdeckung und Entwicklung einer neuen Klasse mit einem Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridiniumtriflat‐Kern, die wir „PyrAt‐Verbindungen“ nennen. Diese Fluorophore werden in einem einzigen Schritt aus leicht verfügbaren Materialien synthetisiert (>60 Beispiele) und zeigen Stokes‐Verschiebungen bis zu 240 nm, während sie gleichzeitig NIR−I‐Emissionen bei λmax bis zu 720 nm erreichen. Computergestützte Studien ermöglichen die Entwicklung einer Plattform für die Vorhersage von λmax und λEm. Darüber hinaus demonstrieren wir die Kompatibilität dieser neuartigen Fluorophore mit der Lebendzellbildgebung in HEK293‐Zellen, was darauf hindeutet, dass sie potente intrazelluläre Marker sind.
Formkomplementäre Multikomponenten Assemblierung von Niedrigsymmetrischen Co(III)Salphen Koordinationskäfigen
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lee Haeri , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWährend die metallvermittelte Selbstassemblierung eine beliebte Methode zur Synthese definierter Nanoobjekte ist, wird die Literatur von hochsymmetrischen Strukturen, aufgebaut aus jeweils einer Art von Liganden, dominiert. Die kontrollierte Integration einer Reihe verschiedener Liganden erfordert ausgeklügelte Ansätze, um eine narzisstische Trennung oder die Bildung statistischer Mischungen zu vermeiden. Hier zeigen wir, wie die Kombination von drei strukturleitenden Effekten (metallvermittelte Makrozyklisierung, zusätzliches Anbringen von Brückenliganden und Formkomplementarität) auf der Grundlage von Co(III)salphen‐Metallzentren die rationale Synthese von laternenförmigen Käfigen mit bis zu vier differenzierbaren Brücken ermöglicht. Drei neue heteroleptische Koordinationskäfige, basierend auf zweikernigen Co(III)salphen‐Makrozyklen, wurden in einer Eintopfreaktion synthetisiert und vollständig charakterisiert, einschließlich Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalysen. Einer der Käfige gruppiert zwei gleiche Liganden, ein anderer zwei verschiedene Liganden um einen symmetrischen Co2‐Bis‐Salphen‐Ring. In der komplexesten Struktur ist dieser Ring unsymmetrisch, so dass alle vier Brücken zwischen den beiden Metallzentren unterscheidbar sind. Während sich heteroleptische Assemblies mit Pd(II)‐Zentren als dynamisch und vorteilhaft für Käfig‐zu‐Käfig‐Umwandlungen und adaptive Systeme erwiesen haben, werden die hier vorgestellten Käfige auf der Grundlage der kinetisch stabileren Co(III)‐Salphen Einheiten für Anwendungen, die eine erhöhte strukturelle und chemische Stabilität erfordern, von Vorteil sein, z.B. in der enzymähnlichen Katalyse und in molekularen Maschinen.
Shape‐Complementary Multicomponent Assembly of Low‐Symmetry Co(III)Salphen‐Based Coordination Cages
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lee Haeri , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile metal‐mediated self‐assembly is a popular technique to construct discrete nanosized objects, highly symmetric structures, built from one type of ligand at a time, are dominating reported systems. The tailored integration of a set of different ligands requires sophisticated approaches to avoid narcissistic separation or formation of statistical mixtures. Here, we demonstrate how the combination of three structure‐guiding effects (metal‐templated macrocyclization, additional bridging ligands and shape‐complementarity) based on Co(III)salphen metal nodes allows for a rational and high‐yielding synthesis of structurally complex, lantern‐shaped cages with up to four differentiable bridges. Three new heteroleptic coordination cages based on dinuclear Co(III)salphen macrocycles were synthesized in a one‐pot reaction approach and fully characterized, including single crystal X‐ray analyses. One cage groups two of the same ligands, another two different ligands around a symmetric Co2‐bis‐salphen ring. In the most complex structure, this ring is unsymmetric, rendering all four connections between the two metal centers distinguishable. While heteroleptic assembly around Pd(II) nodes has been shown to be dynamic, beneficial for cage‐to‐cage transformations, assembly cascades and adaptive systems, the herein introduced cages based on kinetically more inert Co(III)salphen will be advantageous for applications in enzyme‐like catalysis and molecular machinery that require enhanced structural and chemical stability.
CuMOF@Faujasite nanocomposite as a novel catalyst for hydrogen production
Authors: Said Mohamed I. , Dardir Fatma M. , Gabr Rabei M. , Ahmed Ezzat A. , Soliman Mamdouh F. , Abukhadra Mostafa R. 
Published: April 2024

Energy production is one of the most crucial issues presently attracting global attention. In this work, a CuMOF@Faujasite nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as a novel efficient catalyst for hydrogen production. The produced composite was first characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐ transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry. Surface properties were analyzed via nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. All characterization results revealed the formation of a pure and well‐defined crystalline phase, with a high specific surface area (SBET) of 286 m2/g (SBET of Faujasite is 35 m2/g). Moreover, the morphology and compositional analysis of the nanocomposite were assured through the scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscope and X‐ray photospectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM images revealed sponge‐like spheres that are related to Faujasite besides small spherical particles related to CuBDC MOF. XPS analysis revealed a low content of CuMOF in the nanocomposite. The catalytic activity of the nanocomposite was tested for the dehydrogenation of NaBH4. The impact of NaBH4 concentration, weight of the catalyst, and the reaction temperature on NaBH4 hydrolysis was investigated. A hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 484 mLmin−1 g−1 at 30 °C was achieved using 50 mg of the catalyst and 0.05 mol/l of NaBH4 owing to the high specific area and the selective active sites for such hydrolytic reaction. The kinetic analysis of the activity data indicates the first‐order behavior at low concentrations of NaBH4. Furthermore, at concentrations ≥0.065 mol L−1, zero‐order kinetics was predominant. The time needed for completion of the hydrolysis reaction was found to be decreased (~20 min) by increasing the catalyst mass as well as NaBH4 concentration or even by elevating the reaction temperature (~4 min at 60 °C). The activation energy was estimated; it was found to be 70.5 KJ mol−1. Ultimately, our catalyst showed a reasonable rate of hydrogen production, as compared to others reported earlier.
Battle of the sections: Student outcomes and course feedback support combined prosection and dissection laboratory formats to maximize student success
Authors: Coker Charles , Rogers Robert S. , Freed Blair , Steele Robert , Kinde Monica N. , Danilova Galina , Kruse Schoen W. , Dennis Jennifer F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGross anatomy laboratories frequently utilize dissection or prosection formats within medical curricula. Practical examination scores are consistent across the formats, yet these examinations assessed larger anatomical structures. In contrast, a single report noted improved scores when prosection was used in the hand and foot regions, areas that are more difficult to dissect. The incorporation of prosected donors within “Head and Neck” laboratories provided an opportunity to further characterize the impact of prosection in a structurally complex area. Retrospective analysis of 21 Head and Neck practical examination questions was completed to compare scores among cohorts that utilized dissection exclusively or incorporated prosection. Mean scores of practical examination questions were significantly higher in the prosection cohort (84.27% ± 12.69) as compared with the dissection cohort (75.59% ± 12.27) (p < 0.001). Of the 12 questions that performed better in the prosection cohort (88.42% ± 8.21), 10 items mapped to deeper anatomical regions. By comparison, eight of nine questions in the dissection cohort outperformed (88.44% ± 3.34) the prosection cohort (71.74% ± 18.11), and mapped to anatomically superficial regions. Despite the mean score increase with positional location of the questions, this effect was not statically significant across cohorts (p = 1.000), suggesting that structure accessibility in anatomically complex regions impacts performance. Student feedback cited structure preservation (71.5%) and time savings (55.8%) as advantages to prosection; however, dissection was the perceived superior and preferred laboratory format (88.6%). These data support combined prosection and dissection formats for improving student recognition of deeply positioned structures and maximizing student success.
Promoting social inclusion for adult communities: The moderating role of leisure constraints on life satisfaction in five European countries
Authors: Koçak Funda , Gürbüz Bülent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough leisure constraints that individuals have to cope with can negatively affect their social inclusion and satisfaction with life, little research has addressed the link between these variables. Therefore, the current paper examined the moderator role of leisure constraints on the relationship between satisfaction with life and leisure constraints among adults living in five different European countries. The respondents were 1,382 women and 877 men adults. The findings of analysis revealed that all factors used in the study accounted for 15% of the variance in satisfaction with life and social inclusion had a significant and positive impact on satisfaction with life. As a result, it can be said that leisure constraints had a moderating effect on the relationship between satisfaction with life and social inclusion. The present research study recommends that social inclusion should be encouraged through decreasing to leisure constraints to increase the life satisfaction.
Modeling Planar Electrodes and Zero‐Gap Membrane Electrode Assemblies for CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Ehlinger Victoria M. , Lee Dong Un , Lin Tiras Y. , Duoss Eric B. , Baker Sarah E. , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Hahn Christopher 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover are researchers from the Carbon Initiative at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the SUNCAT Center at Stanford University. The front cover shows a cross‐section of the cathode of a membrane electrode assembly for CO2 electrolysis looking down the feed channel. CO2 molecules flow down the channel and diffuse up through the gas diffusion layer to the silver catalyst, where CO2 reacts to form CO, while also competing against hydrogen reduction from water. Some of the CO2 molecules react to form bicarbonate and carbonate ions, which can diffuse across the membrane, where they react at the anode to form CO2 again. The top of the image shows CO2 that has crossed over through the membrane into the anolyte. Cover design by Brendan Thompson. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300566.
Interface Modifications of Lithium Metal Anode for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Petla Ramesh Kumar , Lindsey Ian , Li Jianlin , Meng Xiangbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) enable much higher energy density than lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and thus hold great promise for future transportation electrification. However, the adoption of lithium metal (Li) as an anode poses serious concerns about cell safety and performance, which has been hindering LMBs from commercialization. To this end, extensive effort has been invested in understanding the underlying mechanisms theoretically and experimentally and developing technical solutions. In this review, we devote to providing a comprehensive review of the challenges, characterizations, and interfacial engineering of Li anodes in both liquid and solid LMBs. We expect that this work will stimulate new efforts and help peer researchers find new solutions for the commercialization of LMBs.
Plant growth–defense trade‐offs are general across interactions with fungal, insect, and mammalian consumers
Authors: Zaret Max , Kinkel Linda , Borer Elizabeth T. , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants face trade‐offs between allocating resources to growth, while also defending against herbivores or pathogens. Species differences along defense trade‐off axes may promote coexistence and maintain diversity. However, few studies of plant communities have simultaneously compared defense trade‐offs against an array of herbivores and pathogens for which defense investment may differ, and even fewer have been conducted in the complex natural communities in which these interactions unfold. We tested predictions about the role of defense trade‐offs with competition and growth in diversity maintenance by tracking plant species abundance in a field experiment that removed individual consumer groups (mammals, arthropods, fungi) and added nutrients. Consistent with a growth–defense trade‐off, plant species that increased in mass in response to nutrient addition also increased when consumers were removed. This growth–defense trade‐off occurred for all consumer groups studied. Nutrient addition reduced plant species richness, which is consistent with trade‐off theory. Removing foliar fungi increased plant diversity via increased species evenness, whereas removal of other consumer groups had little effect on diversity, counter to expectations. Thus, while growth–defense trade‐offs are general across consumer groups, this trade‐off observed in wild plant communities does not necessarily support plant diversity maintenance.
YF17D‐based vaccines – standing on the shoulders of a giant
Authors: Sanchez‐Felipe Lorena , Alpizar Yeranddy A. , Ma Ji , Coelmont Lotte , Dallmeier Kai 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLive‐attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single‐dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS‐CoV‐2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D‐based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D‐based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.
Scalable Synthesis of Cinnamylamines Via the Heck Reaction: Application in the Synthesis of Abamine, Naftifine and Reboxetine
Authors: Moschona Fotini , Tsitopoulou Maria , Efstratiou Margarita , Koutiva Maria , Rassias Gerasimos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFollowing an extensive screening of reaction parameters such as the nature and amount of bases, Pd pre‐catalysts, ligands, additives, solvents and temperature range, we succeeded in developing a Heck reaction using N‐Boc‐allylamine and commercially available aryl bromides, capable of delivering a wide range of Boc‐protected trans‐cinnamylamines with 75–85 % regio‐ and stereoselectivity over other isomers. Optimisation of the Boc‐deprotection step and its work‐up procedure allowed for all minor isomers and impurities to be purged thus isolating pure trans‐cinnamylamines typically in 55–65 % yield without need for chromatography. We have successfully performed this chemistry in up to 5 g scale and demonstrated its usefulness by applying it to the synthesis of abamine, naftifine hydrochloride and a formal synthesis reboxetine mesylate.
The therapeutic effect of GAS6 in remyelination is dependent upon Tyro3
Authors: Asadian Negar , Aprico Andrea , Chen Moore , Yuen Daniel , Johnston Angus P. R. , Kilpatrick Trevor J. , Binder Michele D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination, axonal damage and, for the majority of people, a decline in neurological function in the long‐term. Remyelination could assist in the protection of axons and their functional recovery, but such therapies are not, as yet, available. The TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and MERTK) receptor ligand GAS6 potentiates myelination in vitro and promotes recovery in pre‐clinical models of MS. However, it has remained unclear which TAM receptor is responsible for transducing this effect and whether post‐translational modification of GAS6 is required. In this study, we show that the promotion of myelination requires post‐translational modification of the GLA domain of GAS6 via vitamin K‐dependent γ‐carboxylation. We also confirmed that the intracerebroventricular provision of GAS6 for 2 weeks to demyelinated wild‐type (WT) mice challenged with cuprizone increased the density of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum by over 2‐fold compared with vehicle control. Conversely, the provision of GAS6 to Tyro3 KO mice did not significantly improve the density of myelinated axons. The improvement in remyelination following the provision of GAS6 to WT mice was also accompanied by an increased density of CC1+ve mature oligodendrocytes compared with vehicle control, whereas this improvement was not observed in the absence of Tyro3. This effect occurs independent of any influence on microglial activation. This work therefore establishes that the remyelinative activity of GAS6 is dependent on Tyro3 and includes potentiation of oligodendrocyte numbers.