bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of teeth – a predictor of mortality in 70‐year‐old subjects
Authors: Österberg Tor , Carlsson Gunnar E , Sundh Valter , Mellström Dan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –  Objectives:  To investigate whether the number of teeth at age 70 is an independent predictor of mortality.Methods:  Within the gerontological population studies in Göteborg, Sweden, four birth cohorts born in 1901/1902, 1906/1907, 1911/1912 and 1922 were examined cross‐sectionally at 70 years of age. The total number of participants in the odontological cohorts was 1803. Mortality data were collected from the national Swedish health registers. Cox regression models were used to measure the association between mortality and the number of teeth with adjustment for covariates such as health factors, socio‐economic and lifestyle factors.Results:  The prevalence of edentulism showed a marked change from 51% in the first cohort to 16% in the last cohort. The 7‐year mortality rate was 14% in women and 28% in men, and the highest in edentulous men in the last two cohorts (42% and 47% respectively). The 7‐year mortality including all four cohorts showed a hazard ratio of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.98; P < 0.001) for the number of teeth with adjustment for cohort. The corresponding 18‐year mortality including the three first cohorts showed a hazard ratio of 0.98 for women and 0.97 for men. The number of teeth was an independent statistically significant predictor of 7‐year mortality in both genders and of 18‐year mortality in men.Conclusions:  The result showed that each remaining tooth at age 70 decreased the 7‐year mortality risk by 4%. The difference between edentulous subjects and dentate subjects with ≥20 teeth regarding 7‐year mortality was significantly higher in the last compared to the first cohort. The number of teeth was a significant predictor of mortality independent of health factors, socio‐economic status and lifestyle.
Pigmented hamartoma of the eyelid with apocrine, follicular and sebaceous differentiation
Authors: Proia Alan D. 
Published: October 2007

Aim:  Adnexal tumors with divergent lines of differentiation are uncommon. Herein, I report a hamartoma of the eyelid with follicular, sebaceous and apocrine differentiation that exhibited prominent melanin pigmentation.Methods:  A 63‐year‐old white woman had a nodule present on her left upper eyelid for 15 years. The nodule had been slowly increasing in size but was unchanged in color. Examination disclosed an 8‐ × 5‐mm nodule of the left upper eyelid, with slight purple discoloration.Results:  Biopsy showed a well‐circumscribed tumor composed of predominantly apocrine glands but with areas of sebaceous and follicular differentiation. Some areas had prominent light‐brown, granular pigment within tumor cells. The pigment had histochemical features of neuromelanin. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the hamartomatous elements had antigenic features of various adnexal structures independent of the histological phenotype. The hamartomatous cells did not react with antibodies to tyrosinase or melanoma antigen recognized by T‐cells 1 (MART‐1).Conclusions:  This case is unique because of its location and prominent melanin pigmentation. Lack of tyrosinase activity in the tumor cells and the periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) positivity of the pigment indicating its similarity to neuromelanin raise the possibility that the melanin in the hamartoma is a non‐enzymatically derived oxidation product of a substance intrinsic to the tumor cells.
Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival lesions, atherosclerotic plaques and healthy blood vessels: a preliminary study
Authors: Elkaïm R. , Dahan M. , Kocgozlu L. , Werner S. , Kanter D. , Kretz J. G. , Tenenbaum H. 
Published: October 2007

Background and Objective:  Previous studies have reported different periodontal bacteria in atherosclerotic lesions, but their involvement in plaque formation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of 20 periodontal bacteria in atherosclerotic samples and healthy blood vessels (used as controls) and to clarify their relationship in regard to clinical and bacteriological periodontal status.Material and Methods:  The day before vascular surgery the patients had a thorough periodontal examination and bacteriological samples were taken from periodontally diseased sites. Atheromatous plaques, internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins were harvested during surgery. A DNA–DNA hybridization procedure was used to screen periodontal and vascular samples for the 20 selected bacterial species.Results:  Periodontal samples from the severe periodontitis group were found to have a higher prevalence and biomass of bacterial species than the moderate periodontitis group. In vessel samples, the prevalence of the same 20 bacterial species analyzed together was similar in the two groups, except for saphenous veins.Conclusion:  The presence of periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques and in apparently healthy vessels appeared to reflect a higher level of bacteremia rather than infection of endothelial cells.
Non‐invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission measurement. II: biological validation on ultraviolet A‐stressed skin
Authors: Hagens Ralf , Khabiri Faryar , Schreiner Volker , Wenck Horst , Wittern Klaus‐Peter , Duchstein Hans‐Jürgen , Mei Weiping 
Published: October 2007

Background/purpose: Several physical or chemical environmental stressors generate reactive oxygen species, which trigger oxidation reactions of cells or tissues and thereby induce a correlated ultraweak photon emission (UPE) signal. The present study was designed to qualify and validate UPE measurement following ultraviolet (UV) excitation of porcine and human skin as an analytical method to assess the potency of topical antioxidants in vivo.Methods: UPE of porcine skin in vitro and human skin in vivo following excitation with UVA was recorded using sensitive photomultiplier systems. For validation purposes, the effects of variation of extrinsic and intrinsic parameters encompassing skin thickness, humidity, temperature, pH, and composition of the surrounding atmosphere were assessed. Signals were analyzed with regard to overall signal intensity and spectral distribution. In two clinical trials enrolling 20 volunteers each, the effects of topical antioxidant treatment on UVA‐induced UPE were validated.Results: Different stressors encompassing exposition to ozone, UVA irradiation, or even cigarette smoke induced UPE of skin. Critical parameters affecting the quality and quantity of the UPE signal were the spectral composition of the exciting UV light, skin temperature, skin humidity, and the O2 concentration of the surrounding atmosphere. Generally, UVA‐induced UPE decreased with increasing temperature, humidity, and O2 concentration. Skin pH had no significant effect on UPE with regard to signal quality and quantity over a pH range of 2.8–8.2. In a clinical study UPE measurement following UVA excitation could precisely reflect a dose‐dependent antioxidant effect of topically applied vitamin C and α‐glucosylrutin.Conclusion: Our data indicate that UVA irradiation induces UPE especially in deeper (living) skin layers, where antioxidants must be active in order to interfere with accelerated skin ageing. Based on the clinical data, and with knowledge of modulating external variables, UPE measurement following UV excitation can be qualified as a reliable and valid method for the non‐invasive measurement of antioxidant efficacy on the skin.
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia; an atypical case
Authors: Ito Yoshiyuki , Nishimura Keisuke , Yamanaka Kei‐ichi , Hakamada Arata , Isoda Ken‐ichi , Kurokawa Ichiro , Mizutani Hitoshi 
Published: October 2007

SummaryNecrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare marker for paraproteinemia. An 86‐year‐old woman had a one year history of large red‐yellow to brown annular plaques involving all limbs. Biopsies showed a non‐palisading granuloma with numerous multinucleated giant cells showing prominent elastophagocytosis and extensive areas of necrobiosis throughout the entire dermis. Complete loss of elastic fibers was observed in the central atrophic area of an annular plaque. Small vascular thromboses were also present. Laboratory findings revealed paraproteinemia of IgG‐lambda type. Immunohistochemical staining detected the presence of roughly equal numbers of IgG‐lambda‐and IgG‐kappa‐staining plasma cells in the dermis. We diagnosed NXG with paraproteinemia with monoclonal gammopathy (IgG‐lambda type) of unknown significance.
Leg ulcer progression caused by topical anesthesia with EMLA® cream
Authors: Stahl Maren , Meyer Cora , Haas Ellen , Glaenz Thomas , Zutt Markus 
Published: October 2007

SummaryWhile treating a 63‐year‐old woman with leg ulcerations, we observed an unusual phenomenon. A wound débridement was planned to remove adherent necrotic material.After topical anesthesia with a lidocaine‐prilocaine mixture (EMLA® cream) a hemorrhagic,livid margin area developed around the ulcer 90 minutes after application.The area turned necrotic over days and the center was débrid‐ed.A more detailed history revealed that similar necrosis had occurred previously when EMLA® cream had been employed.We interpreted the current event,as well as the past episodes,as a pathological reaction of the small cutaneous blood vessels to EMLA® cream. The history also revealed an overlap connective tissue disease with microvascular impairment.After exposure to the topical anesthetics, the pre‐damaged cutaneous blood vessels presumably produced a critical ischemia with subsequent necrosis. Based on this case, we recommend careful use of EMLA® cream with frequent monitoring for necrosis when treating patients with a known disorder of microcirculation.
HIV‐associated Kaposi sarcoma: pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Potthoff Anja , Brockmeyer Norbert H. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryWhile classical Kaposi sarcoma is a slowly progressing tumor, AIDS‐related Kaposi sarcoma is much more aggressive. After introduction of antiretroviral therapy and with the use of well‐ tolerated chemotherapeutic agents, complete remission of the tumor can be achieved. Local therapeutic options include excision,cryosurgery,radiation and alitretinoin gel.In 45 % of patients with more than 400/μl CD4+ lymphocytes,interferon‐alpha induces complete remission. New concepts of pathogenesis lead to therapeutic targets, such as inhibition of angiogenesis.
Does Forest Fragmentation and Selective Logging Affect Seed Predators and Seed Predation Rates of Prunus africana (Rosaceae)?
Authors: Farwig Nina , Bleher Bärbel , von der Gönna Sabine , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTForest fragmentation and selective logging can influence the life cycle of tropical tree species at several levels, e.g., by lowering pollination, by limiting seed dispersal, and by increasing seed predation. Understanding human‐induced modifications in ecosystem processes such as seed predation is essential for conservation management of threatened species. We studied the impact of forest fragmentation and selective logging on seed predation of the endangered tree Prunus africana in the tropical rain forest of Kakamega, Kenya. We quantified the activity of seed predators in the main forest, forest fragments, and in sites of different logging intensity in the dry and rainy seasons of 2003 and 2006. Further, we performed predation experiments with single and groups of P. africana seeds in the same sites. We recorded a tendency toward higher activity of seed predators in the main forest compared to fragmented sites. Single seeds, in contrast to groups of seeds, had marginally significantly higher predation rates in intensively logged compared to moderately logged sites. Overall, predation rates showed little relationship to seed predator activity and were highly variable among years and seasons. Additional studies on seedling establishment and survival are needed to predict whether the endangered tree is able to maintain sustainable populations in Kakamega Forest. Only by studying all processes in the life cycle is it possible to develop sound management strategies for the species.
Effects of Forest Use on Aphyllophoraceous Fungal Community Structure in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Hattori Tsutomu , Kuniyasu Momose , Nakagawa Michiko , Aiba Masahiro , Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTAphyllophoraceous fungi are expected to reflect changes in the environmental conditions caused by forest use. To reveal the effects of forest uses on the fungal community structure, we performed a 3‐month survey of aphyllophoraceous species in five forest types (undisturbed primary forest, isolated patches of primary forest, old and young fallow forest, and rubber plantations) in Sarawak, Malaysia in 2005. We used a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to reveal the relationships between fungal community composition and the environmental variables (canopy openness, soil water potential, amount and composition of coarse woody debris, litter mass, basal area, plant species composition). A total of 155 samples from 67 species were collected during the study period. The fungal species density represented by the number of species in a transect differed significantly among forest types. The fungal species density increased significantly with increasing number of pieces of coarse woody debris (CWD), but decreased significantly with increasing the scores of second axis of principal component analysis (PCA) for plant species composition. In the CCA ordination, automatic forward selection revealed that only the number of pieces of CWD significantly affected the fungal species composition. The occurrences of Flabellophora licmophora, Coriolopsis retropicta, Microporus vernicipes, and Amauroderma subrugosum were positively correlated with the number of pieces of CWD. Our study clearly demonstrated that forest use negatively affected aphyllophoraceous fungal diversity and suggest that the quantity of CWD would be an important determinant of fungal diversity and composition.
Discovery of 21-cm absorption in a zabs = 2.289 damped Lyman α system towards TXS 0311+430: the first low spin temperature absorber at z &gt; 1
Authors: York Brian A. , Kanekar Nissim , Ellison Sara L. , Pettini Max 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We report the detection of H i 21-cm absorption from the z= 2.289 damped Lyman α system (DLA) towards TXS 0311+430 with the Green Bank Telescope. The 21-cm absorption has a velocity spread (between nulls) of ∼110 km s−1 and an integrated optical depth of . We also present new Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope 602-MHz imaging of the radio continuum. TXS 0311+430 is unresolved at this frequency, indicating that the covering factor of the DLA is likely to be high. Combining the integrated optical depth with the DLA H i column density of yields a spin temperature of Ts= (138 ± 36) K, assuming a covering factor of unity. This is the first case of a low spin temperature (&lt;350 K) in a z &gt; 1 DLA and is among the lowest temperatures ever measured in any DLA. Indeed, the Ts measured for this DLA is similar to values measured in the Milky Way and local disc galaxies. We also determine a lower limit (Si/H) ≳ 1/3 solar for the DLA metallicity, amongst the highest abundances measured in DLAs at any redshift. Based on low-redshift correlations, the low Ts, large 21-cm absorption width and high metallicity all suggest that the z∼ 2.289 DLA is likely to arise in a massive, luminous disc galaxy.
Healthy and Safe School Environment, Part II, Physical School Environment: Results From the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006
Authors: Jones Sherry Everett , Axelrad Robert , Wattigney Wendy A. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: As society continues to focus on the importance of academic achievement, the physical environment of schools should be addressed as 1 of the critical factors that influence academic outcomes. The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2006 provides, for the first time, a comprehensive look at the extent to which schools have health‐promoting physical school environment policies and programs.Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the SHPPS every 6 years. In 2006, computer‐assisted telephone interviews or self‐administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 424). Computer‐assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 992).Results: One third (35.4%) of districts and 51.4% of schools had an indoor air quality management program; 35.3% of districts had a school bus engine‐idling reduction program; most districts and schools had a policy or plan for how to use, label, store, dispose of, and reduce the use of hazardous materials; 24.5% of states required districts or schools to follow an integrated pest management program; and 13.4% of districts had a policy to include green design when building new school buildings or renovating existing buildings.Conclusions: SHPPS 2006 results can guide education and health agency actions in developing and implementing evidence‐based tools, policies, programs, and interventions to ensure a safe and healthy physical school environment.
Family and Community Involvement in Schools: Results From the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006
Authors: Michael Shannon , Dittus Patricia , Epstein Joyce 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Family and community involvement in schools is linked strongly to improvements in the academic achievement of students, better school attendance, and improved school programs and quality.Methods:  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer‐assisted telephone interviews or self‐administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 461). Computer‐assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 1029) and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of required health education classes and courses (n = 912) and required physical education classes and courses (n = 1194).Results:  Although family and community involvement in states, districts, and schools was limited, many states, districts, and schools collaborated with community groups and agencies to promote and support school health programs. More than half of districts and schools communicated information to families on school health program components. Teachers in 55.5% of required health education classes and courses and 30.8% of required physical education classes and courses gave students homework or projects that involved family members.Conclusions:  Although family and community involvement occurred at all levels, many schools are not doing some of the fundamental things schools could do to increase family involvement. Improvements in family and community involvement can support school health programs in states, districts, schools, and classrooms nationwide.
The Languages of Vietnam: Mosaics and Expansions
Authors: Edmondson Jerold A. , Gregerson Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe languages of Vietnam reflect the historical migrations of prehistoric people groups as well as successive waves of cultural influence by world civilizations over many thousands of years. In addition to cultural spread, certain of Vietnam's ethnicities also constitutes social mosaics in the sense of Renfrew (2000), growing and flourishing in place. The linguistic fabric of the nation is woven of widely different strands, including Austroasiatic and Austronesian speech communities, Sino‐Tibetan and Kra‐Dai (Tai‐Kadai), as well as Hmong‐Mien. Despite the chaos of the last half century, national and international scholars, building on French studies of the nineteenth century, have been able to document language names, places, populations, and linguistic relationships to a degree never achieved in the past. The story of the peoples of Vietnam is a rich one that invites renewed understanding.
Auxiliary Selection
Authors: McFadden Thomas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFew syntactic phenomena are relevant to as many areas of linguistic theory as auxiliary selection – the alternation between auxiliaries in periphrastic constructions. Standing at the intersection between syntax, lexical and clausal semantics and morphology, it has been the subject of intense research since the late 1970s and has played a role in several important theoretical developments and debates. Auxiliary selection also poses a number of empirical questions. Even within a single language, the correct description of the alternation can be controversial, and the extensive cross‐linguistic variation has turned out to be rather difficult to characterize in a systematic way. In this article, I give a survey of how our understanding of auxiliary selection has developed, both on the empirical and the theoretical side. I also include a brief discussion of work on how patterns of selection arise and change over time.
Patterns in the Received Facial UV Exposure of School Children Measured at a Subtropical Latitude
Authors: Downs Nathan , Parisi Alfio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolysulfone (PS) dosimeters have been employed to measure the erythemally effective UV exposure to the vertex, nose, cheek, chin and side facial sites of 45 volunteer high school students from Hervey Bay, Australia (25.3°S 152.9°E). The results of a series of 1 h outdoor sport trials (basketball and soccer) found the mean student facial exposure, determined as the arithmetic average of facial site exposures of unprotected students (no hat) to protected students (hat), varied from 140 ± 82 J m−2 (1σ) to 99 ± 33 J m−2 (1σ), respectively. All hourly student facial exposures recorded over the study period were found to exceed the National Health and Medical Research Council’s adopted safe daily limit of 30 J m−2. Facial exposure relative to the received ambient UV increased to the nose at higher (winter) solar zenith angles (SZAs) compared with lower (summer) SZA ranges for both protected and unprotected students. The protection offered by the broad‐brimmed hats was reduced significantly to the lower chin facial site at the higher SZA range, indicating that the style of hat used offers best protection in summer to the upper facial regions at most risk of receiving a high exposure when no hat protection is used. Variations to specific student facial exposure sites were measured between both basketball and soccer players. Variation in student facial exposure was further examined with respect to cloud cover and comparisons to manikin headform measurements were also made. The study results indicate that hats alone are not adequate forms of sun protection in a school environment. Schools aiming to achieve acceptable safe limits of facial exposure may need to further consider the effectiveness of hat protection with increasing SZA, cloud cover and head position relative to the sun that is specific to the scheduled outdoor activity.