bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Management of Basilar Invagination with Associated Chiari I Malformation
Authors: Klekamp Jörg , Alves Oscar L. , Zileli Mehmet , Oertel Joachim , Yaman Onur , Sharif Salman , Visocchi Massimiliano , Goel Atul , Botelho Ricardo 
Published: February 2025

Study Design.
Systematic literature review plus expert opinion framed on Delphi method.

Objective.
To analyze the influence of coexistent Chiari I Malformation (CMI) on the management of Basilar Invagination (BI).

Summary of Background Data.
Basilar Invagination (BI) and Chiari 1 Malformation (CMI) constitute the commonest anomalies of the cranio-vertebral junction (CVJ). Treatment becomes even more challenging for patients in whom both pathologies co-exist.

Method.
Using PubMed, the authors identified 48 publications published between 2011 and 2022 concerning the incidence and management of both pathologies in combination. By means of the Delphi method, a panel of expert spine surgeons analyzed the strength of the published literature and voted statements concerning the management of BI combined with CMI.

Result.
The incidence for a combination of BI with CMI is estimated between 2.4/100000 in children and 9.6-19.7/100000 in adults. BI with ventral compression of the medulla related to AAD can be treated in a single operation by sagittal realignment via C1-C2 facet joint distraction and fusion. In the event of unreducible BI, insufficient ventral decompression by C1/2 fusion alone may be overcome by adding a foramen magnum decompression to allow posterior shift of the medulla. BI patients with concomitant CMI have an undersized posterior fossa volume This implies that surgical treatment of BI combined with CMI has either to increase posterior fossa volume or to include a posterior decompression.

Conclusion.
In patients with BI, concomitant CMI is a modifier of surgical management. In BI with AAD, an additional foramen magnum decompression should be added to posterior C1-C2 realignment and fusion. In BI without AAD, whether treatment is restricted to FMD or C1/2 fusion is required on top or alternatively, demands further studies. Odontoid resections are reserved for patients with insufficient alignment after posterior surgery.
Effects of exercise on high-density lipoprotein levels in middle-aged and older individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Lunmin , Peng Fenglin , Wang Linyuan , Lin Chen , Chi Hong 
Published: February 2025

Background:
This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of exercise on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in middle-aged and older individuals.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, including meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of exercise on HDL-C levels in middle-aged and older individuals.

Results:
Forty-two trials were analyzed. We found that exercise had a significant effect on HDL cholesterol levels (standard mean difference [95% confidence interval] = 0.22 [0.09–0.35], Z = 3.28, P = .001, I
2 = 54%), and the heterogeneity across the studies was significant and high. After subgroup analysis, we found that aerobic exercise had the most significant effect on the levels of HDLs in middle-aged and older individuals, which was better than that of other types of exercise.

Conclusions:
Aerobic exercise significantly improves HDL levels in middle-aged and older individuals, but resistance and stretching exercises had no significant effect on HDL levels.
Anatomic Study of Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Infratemporal Fossa
Authors: Yuan Binbin , Yan Zhengcun , Zhang Hengzhu 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To investigate the feasibility and related anatomical structures of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) through minimally invasive endoscopic lateral approach, so as to provide anatomical data and basis for clinical surgery.

Methods:
Six adult cadaveric heads were used to simulate the surgical dissection of the ITF through a minimally invasive endoscopic lateral approach, and the important vessels, nerves, and other structures in the surgical pathway and the surrounding adjacent relationships were observed, and relevant pictures were collected.

Results:
The maxillary arteries of 6 cadaver specimens (12 sides) were located on the surface of the lateral pterygoid muscle in 9 cases, and between the upper and lower heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle in 3 cases, constant branches were the deep temporal artery, pterygoid artery, masseter artery, and buccal artery. The superior posterior alveolar nerve branches off V2 in the ITF and descends along with its accompanying artery by the posterior wall of the maxilla. The buccal nerve branches out from the mandibular nerve and passes between the superior and inferior pterygoid muscles, runs anteriorly between the temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscle, and innervates the buccal muscles.

Conclusion:
The endoscopic minimally invasive lateral approach can expose the important structures, such as vessels and nerves related to the ITF well, and can be used as a minimally invasive surgical approach to treat the lesions of the infra- temporal fossa; it can also assist the endoscopic anterior approach to treat a series of lesions extending from the deep part of the pterygopalatine fossa to the posterior lateral side of the ITF.
The Association Between Surgical Margin Status, Recurrence Patterns, and Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Perrin Thomas , McIntyre Sarah M. , Ehrich Fiona , Heiselman Jon , van der Stok Eric P. , Fiasconaro Megan , Gönen Mithat , Shia Jinru , Kingham T. Peter , Balachandran Vinod P. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Wei Alice C. , Jarnagin William R. , D’Angelica Michael I. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To enhance understanding of the relationships between margin width, recurrence patterns, recurrence-free survival, and salvage therapy following initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Background:
The prognostic implications of the technical aspects of CRLM have not been well-characterized.

Methods:
A prospective database of 1776 patients who underwent complete resection for CRLM at a single institution (1991-2012) was studied. Pathologic margins were divided into positive, <1 mm, 1.0-9.9 mm, and ≥10 mm groups. Recurrence-free survival, patterns of initial and overall recurrence, including recurrence at the resection margin, and chance for salvage therapy, defined as complete eradication of recurrent disease, were compared by margin group.

Results:
Margin status was independently associated with an initial isolated liver recurrence (hazard ratio [HR][95% CI] for positive, <1 mm, 1-9.9 mm vs.≥10 mm margin: 2.21[1.49-3.26],1.42[0.84-2.40],1.41[1.08-1.84];P=0.001). Margin status was also independently associated with risk of initial recurrence at the resection margin (HR[95% CI] for positive, <1 mm, 1-9.9 mm vs.≥10 mm margin: 2.11[1.26-3.54],2.99[1.74-5.15],0.92[0.62-1.37];P<0.001) and risk of liver recurrence at any time (HR[95% CI] for positive, <1 mm, 1-9.9 mm vs.≥10 mm margin: 2.32[1.79-3.01],1.72[1.23-2.42],1.33[1.11-1.58];P<0.001). Estimated 3-year cumulative incidence of overall recurrence at any site in the positive, <1 mm, 1-9.9 mm, and ≥10 mm margin groups was 70%, 70%, 57% , and 50%, respectively. Salvage therapy after recurrence increased with margin width(P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Pathologic margin after resection of CRLM is associated with higher rates of overall recurrence that are less amenable to salvage and not just local failure. Margin status may be more of a reflection of underlying tumor characteristics rather than simply a risk factor for local failure.
The “Learned Intermediary”
Authors: McCall William V. , Strickland Rebecca E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Malpractice lawsuits brought by patient-plaintiffs alleging damages from medications or medical devices may entangle both the prescriber and the biomedical manufacturer. In this scenario, the prescriber may be viewed as a defendant, or alternatively as a “learned intermediary” (LI) between the patient and biomedical company. Recent legal actions in the United States involving manufacturers of electroconvulsive therapy devices have invoked the principle of the LI in the arguments. The plaintiff argued that the manufacturer held a major responsibility for providing to device operators warnings which lack scientific basis. This commentary will describe the legal concepts of the LI, and we will argue that the prescriber's duty to the patient is to provide relevant warnings with a scientific grounding, based upon the sum total of the prescriber's education. The courts opined that the conveyance of benefit and risk information to the patient should reflect what is “known or knowable in light of the generally recognized and prevailing best scientific and medical knowledge available.” Himes v. Somatics, LLC, 16 Cal. 5th 209, 222, 549 P.3d 916, 923 (2024) (emphasis added).
Risk Factors Associated with Acute Pancreatitis in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients: a 11-year experience in a single tertiary medical center and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Chen Yifei , Bo Yan , Han Zhuanzhuan , Chen Mengjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo identify independent risk factors and predictive markers for acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).MethodsHere, we reported a 11 year experience in a single tertiary medical center and conduct a systematic review of acute pancreatitis in diabetic ketoacidosis patients cooccurence of DKA and AP. 1941 cases were included. First retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical data from 45 patients with cooccurence of DKA and AP and 45 matched controls with DKA alone admitted to Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital. Baseline characteristics included BMI, hyperlipidemia history, and serological profiles. Secondly we retrieved clinical studies of cooccurence of DKA and AP from PubMed database system and analysed these clinical data in depth.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in BMI (26.30 vs. 23.20 kg/m2, p = 0.031), hyperlipidemia history (26.7% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.004), abdominal pain duration (3 vs. 0 days, p < 0.001), and lipid profiles [(TC: 7.71 vs. 4.86 mmol/L); (TG: 11.97 vs. 1.60 mmol/L, p < 0.001)]. Logistic regression identified TC [(OR = 1.455, 95% CI(1.196, 1.769)], TG [(OR = 2.046, 95% CI(1.202, 3.484)], and abdominal pain duration [(OR = 3.892, 95% CI(2.173, 6.972)] as independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated strong predictive performance (combined AUC = 0.933, sensitivity = 93.3%, specificity = 73.3%). Moreover, we found 11 clinical studies investigating cooccurence of DKA and AP. Cumulatively, 1851 patients were studied, including 3 interventional studies, 1 genetic observational study, and 7 cohort studies exploring risk factors.ConclusionElevated TC, TG, and prolonged abdominal pain duration are key predictors of cooccurence of DKA and AP. These factors enhance early diagnosis and clinical management in Yangzhou, China.
Mimicking cancer therapy in an agent-based model: the case of hepatoblastoma
Authors: Ravoni Alessandro , Mastrostefano Enrico , Kappler Roland , Armengol Carolina , Castiglione Filippo , Nardini Christine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHepatoblastoma is the most common pediatric liver cancer and represents a serious clinical challenge as no effective therapies have yet been found for advanced states and relapses of the disease. In this work, we use a well-established agent-based model of the immune response now equipped with anti-cancer therapy response to study the evolution of the disease and the role of the immune system in its containment, in particular by simulating the course of hepatoblastoma over three years in a population of virtual patients with mortality and symptom onset rates mimicking clinical ones. These results, combined with the ability to observe the dynamics of cellular entities at the microscopic scale and the key chemical signals involved in disease progression, make the model a valuable resource for future research onin silicotrials.
Macrophage ferroptosis potentiates GCN2 deficiency induced pulmonary venous arterialization
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Mao Pei , Zhou Tengfei , Yue Bingqing , Li Yaning , Qiu Yuanhua , Liu Xianbao , Wang Fudi , Chen Jingyu , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2025

SummaryHaemosiderin-laden macrophages and the remodeling of pulmonary venules were found in Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), which is a fatal pulmonary vascular disease with deficient GCN2 expression, the underlying mechanism by which macrophage affects vascular cells, remains unclear. Here, we performed scRNA-sequencing analyses to show that macrophages were the major population affected by GCN2 deficiency and ferroptosis pathway-related genes were upregulated in lung macrophages from PVOD patients. Treatment with the specific ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) reversed the changes in haemodynamic indices observed inEif2ak4K1488X/K1488Xhypoxia mice and PVOD model rats. Furthermore, GCN2 deficiency increased HMOX-1 and iron levels to facilitate ferroptosis in macrophages and increased GCN2 deficiency-induced arterial marker expression in venous endothelial cells (VECs). Our findings suggest the potential of targeting macrophage ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for treating PVOD.
Hygiene Knowledge and Practices in the Lagos Wild Meat Value Chain: Cultural Influences, Regulatory Gaps, and Infrastructure Needs
Authors: Akpan Samuel N. , Cook Elizabeth A.J. , van Langevelde Frank , van Hooft Pim , Zimmerman Dawn M. , Buij Ralph , Hassell James M. , Masudi Sherrill P. , Happi Christian T. , Happi Anise N. , Thomas Lian F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWild meat, commonly known as bushmeat is a cultural, economic, and nutritional staple food in many regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. Wild meat value chains face major hygiene and sanitary regulation challenges, but only a few studies have investigated these challenges, focusing instead on market dynamics and biodiversity issues. This study examines the hygiene practices, attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of public health risks among actors in the Lagos (Nigeria) wild meat value chain, and its consequences for food safety. We employed a mixed qualitative and quantitative study design, using in-depth interviews of key informants (n=34) purposively selected from the wild meat value chain’s hunter, wholesaler, processor, and retailer nodes. An inductive thematic approach and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results revealed three overarching themes: wild meat process hygiene, personal hygiene, and governance. Social norms, distrust, infrastructural deficits, and poor regulation were the drivers of the hygiene practices in the value chain. Actors showed poor knowledge of the health risks associated with wild meat, prioritizing taste over its safety. Women were more at risk of contracting zoonotic infections due to gender biases which exposed them to riskier nodes of the value chain. Wild meat as a food system in developing urban cities presents a potential source of food-borne disease transmission and zoonotic pathogen spillover to actors and the general public, due to underlying poor hygiene practices. We recommend intervention approaches that integrate peoples’ cultures, provision of infrastructure, enforcement of sanitary standards, actors’ education, and further empirical research to stimulate the establishment of hygiene guidelines for the regulation of urban wild meat value chains.
Optimising Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging In Vivo: More Directions or Averages?
Authors: Coveney Sam , Shelley David , Foster Richard , Afzali Maryam , Poenar Ana-Maria , Sharrack Noor , Plein Sven , Dall’Armellina Erica , Schneider Jürgen E. , Nguyen Christopher , Teh Irvin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) is sensitive to imaging parameters including the number of unique diffusion encoding directions (ND) and number of repetitions (NR; analogous to number of signal averages or NSA). However, there is no clear guidance for optimising these parameters in the clinical setting.MethodsSpin echo cDTI data with 2ndorder motion compensated diffusion encoding gradients were acquired in ten healthy volunteers on a 3T MRI scanner with different diffusion encoding schemes in pseudo-randomised order. The data were subsampled to yield 96 acquisition schemes with 6 ≤ ND ≤ 30 and 33 ≤ total number of acquisitions (NAall) ≤ 180. Stratified bootstrapping with robust fitting was performed to assess the precision and accuracy of each acquisition scheme. This was quantified across a mid-ventricular short-axis slice in terms of root mean squared difference (RMSD) with respect to the full reference dataset, and standard deviation (SD) across bootstrap samples respectively.ResultsFor the same acquisition time, the ND = 30 schemes had on average 48%, 40%, 34% and 34% lower RMSD and 6.2%, 7.4%, 10% and 5.6% lower SD in MD, FA, HA and E2A compared to the ND = 6 schemes. Given a fixed number of high b-value acquisitions, there was a trend towards lower RMSD and SD of MD and FA with increasing numbers of low b-value acquisitions. Higher NAallwith longer acquisition times led to improved accuracy in all metrics whereby quadrupling NAallfrom 40 to 160 volumes led to a 21%, 40%, 13% and 4.5% reduction in RMSD of MD, FA, HA and E2A, averaged across six diffusion encoding schemes. Precision was also improved with a corresponding 53%, 50%, 52% and 36% reduction in SD.ConclusionsWe observed that accuracy and precision were enhanced by (i) prioritising number of diffusion encoding directions over number of repetitions given a fixed acquisition time, (ii) acquiring sufficient low b-value data, (iii) using longer protocols where feasible. For clinically relevant protocols, our findings support the use of ND = 30 and NAb50:NAb500≥ 1/3 for better accuracy and precision in cDTI parameters. These findings are intended to help guide protocol optimisation for harmonisation of cDTI.
A Semi-Automated MEA Spike sorting (SAMS) method for high throughput assessment of cultured neurons
Authors: Ren Xiaoxuan , Sirois Carissa L. , Doudlah Raymond , Mendez-Albelo Natasha M , Hai Aviad , Rosenberg Ari , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNeurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are valuable models for studying brain development and developing therapies for brain disorders. Evaluating human-derived neurons requires assessing their electrical activity, which can be achieved using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) for extracellular recordings. Because each electrode channel generally detects activity from multiple neurons, resolving the activity of single neurons requires a process called spike sorting. However, currently available spike sorting methods are not optimized for the analysis of hPSC-derived neurons, and require complex workflows and time-consuming manual intervention. Here, we introduce aSemi-AutomatedMEASpike sorting software (SAMS) designed specifically for low-density MEA recordings of cultured neurons. SAMS outperforms commercially available automated spike sorting algorithms in terms of accuracy and greatly reduces computational and human processing time. By providing an accessible, efficient, and integrated platform for spike sorting, SAMS enhances the resolution and utility of MEA in disease modeling and drug development using human-derived neurons.HighlightsSAMS is designed and optimized for high throughput analysis of hPSC-derived neurons.SAMS is more efficient and accurate compared to recommended spike-sorting software.SAMS resolves phenotypic differences previously not observed without spike sorting.SAMS is an open-source software.
Structural analyses of gibberellin-mediated DELLA protein degradation
Authors: Islam Soyaab , Park KunWoong , Kwon Eunju , Kim Dong Young 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGibberellin promotes plant growth by downregulating growth-repressor DELLA proteins. The gibberellin receptor GID1 binds to DELLA proteins in the presence of gibberellin, triggering their degradation through polyubiquitination by SCFSLY1/GID2ubiquitin E3 ligase. Despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanisms by which DELLA proteins assemble with SCFSLY1/GID2to regulate plant growth remain poorly understood. Here, we present two cryo-electron microscopy structures of theArabidopsis thalianaDELLA protein RGA in complex with GID1A and GID1A-SLY1-ASK2, respectively. Structural analysis revealed that RGA interacts with GID1A and SLY1 through non-overlapping binding surfaces, stabilizing the proteins. This suggests that the SCFSLY1-RGA-GID1A complex assembles through stepwise stabilization induced by gibberellin. Furthermore, the structures indicate that RGA does not interact with IDD family transcription factors when bound to SLY1, suggesting that the binding of DELLA proteins to GID1/SLY1 and transcription factors is mutually exclusive. These findings provide insights into how DELLA proteins regulate transcription factor activity in response to gibberellin.
Electron irradiation effects on monolayer
MoS2
at elevated temperatures
Authors: Speckmann Carsten , Mustonen Kimmo , Propst Diana , Mangler Clemens , Kotakoski Jani 
Published: February 2025

The effect of electron irradiation on two-dimensional (2D) materials is an important topic, both for the correct interpretation of electron microscopy experiments and for possible applications in electron lithography. After the importance of including inelastic scattering damage in theoretical models describing beam damage and the lack of oxygen sensitivity under electron irradiation in 2D MoS2 were recently shown, the role of temperature has remained unexplored on a quantitative level. Here we show the effect of temperature on the creation of individual defects and the effect of temperature on defect dynamics. Based on the measured displacement cross section of sulfur atoms in MoS2 by atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we find an increased probability for defect creation for temperatures up to 150∘C, in accordance with theoretical predictions. However, higher temperatures lead to a decrease of the observed cross sections. Despite this apparent decrease, we find that the elevated temperature does not mitigate the creation of defects as this observation would suggest, but rather hides the created damage due to rapid thermal diffusion of the created vacancies before their detection, leading to the formation of vacancy lines and pores outside the measurement's field of view. Using the experimental data in combination with previously reported theoretical models for the displacement cross section, we estimate the migration energy barrier of sulfur vacancies in MoS2 to be 0.26±0.13eV. These results mark another step towards the complete understanding of electron beam damage in MoS2.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025