bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital multilobular tumour of bone in a dog
Authors: Groff J. M. , Murphy C. J. , Poolt R. R. , Koblik P. , Bellhorn R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA multilobular tumour of bone with left orbital involvement was diagnosed at post mortem examination in an eight‐year‐old German shepherd cross dog. The tumour resulted in progressive exophthalmos with lateral deviation of the left eye. Radiographs revealed that the mass was mineralised and originated from the left frontal bone with invasion of the left frontal sinus and destruction of the cribriform plate. This is the third reported case of this type of tumour involving the orbit of the dog and thus multilobular tumour of bone should be considered as a differentia] diagnosis of exophthalmos.
Feline heart disease: An update
Authors: Fuentes V. Luis 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHeart disease is relatively common in cats and our understanding of feline cardiomyopathy has improved considerably over the last two decades, in part as a result of the improved sophistication of non‐invasive diagnostic techniques. The incidence of feline dilated cardiomyopathy has declined markedly since the discovery of taurine deficiency as an aetiological factor and subsequent modification of commercial diets. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy now seems to be the commonest primary form and is characterised by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Intermediate forms of cardiomyopathy are also recognised. Secondary cardiomyopathies are common; examples of causes include hyperthyroidism, systemic hypertension and acromegaly. Congenital cardiac disease is also well recognised and may lead to clinical signs even late in life.
Current developments in c ar diopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Young L. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAs veterinary surgeons, we must all deal, on occasion, with an animal who has suffered a cardiac arrest. This article reviews the recent literature concerning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and examines the suggestions recently put forward by the American Heart Association in their improved resuscitation protocol. These protocol modifications have been shown experimentally and clinically to improve cerebral and myocardial haemodynamics during closed chest cardiac massage. The ultimate goal of CPR must be not merely to resuscitate the patient in the short term, but to promote complete neurological recovery in the longer term. Prompt recognition of cardiac arrest and the immediate initiation of resuscitative measures play a major contributing role in a favourable neurological outcome. In addition to the familiar ABC system of basic cardiac life support, the use of a high dose adrenaline (0–2 mg/kg) is proposed as the best first line drug treatment in the arrested patient. This can be accompanied by abdominal wrapping and synchronous ventilation and chest compressions to optimise cerebral and myocardial blood flow. Calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate should no longer be included in the early resuscitative efforts.
Management of dietary hypersensitivity in the dog
Authors: Halliwell R. E. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDietary hypersensitivity is an uncommon condition which can result in a variety of dermato‐logical and gastrointestinal signs. The major emphasis in management is on elimination of the causative agent from the diet. Correct diagnosis and implication of the offending allergen are prerequisites for optimal therapy. If this proves impossible, or if multiple sensitivities preclude formulation of an appropriate diet, corticosteroids or other anti‐inflammatory agents must be employed and are variably effective.
Feline matrix‐crystalline urethral plugs: A unifying hypothesis of causes
Authors: Osborne C. A. , Kruger J. P. , Lulich J. P. , Bartges J. W. , Polzin D. J. , Molitor T. , Beauclair K. D. , Onffroy J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe hypothesis is advanced that various combinations of aetiologically different events may lead to three different, but common, clinical manifestations of feline lower urinary tract disease. One manifestation, characterised by nonobstructive haematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria, and increased production of proteinaceous and cellular inflammatory reactions occurs as a consequence of urinary tract infections with viruses and occasionally other infectious agents. A second manifestation is that of classical urolithiasis, which occurs in response to oversaturation of urine with different types of calculogenic substances. Naturally occurring feline uroliths containing magnesium ammonium phosphate, calcium oxalate, ammonium urate, calcium phosphate, cystine and xanthine have been observed. A third manifestation, resulting from the concomitant occurrence of urinary tract infections and various types of urine crystals, is characterised by formation of matrix‐crystalline plugs that may obstruct the urethra, especially of male cats. Preliminary data suggest that urethral plug matrix contains Tamm‐Horsfall mucoprotein, similar to that observed involved in the formation of renal tubular casts.
Practical management of obesity in dogs and cats
Authors: Sloth C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTObesity is the most common form of malnutrition encountered in small animal practice in the western world. In a survey of cats presented to the author's clinic, 40 per cent were overweight or obese; the incidence of obesity was highlighted in neutered cats, those that were kept indoors and those over 36 months of age. A number of clinical conditions of dogs and cats can be associated with obesity, therefore its prevention and control represents an important challenge for the small animal veterinarian and its success is largely dependent on effective client education. Treatment of obesity involves a suitable diet formulation and continual patient monitoring to maintain the owner's enthusiasm and cooperation. Commercial low calorie diets provide an effective and convenient means of weight loss in obese dogs and cats.
Dietary management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nelson R. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDietary therapy should be designed to enhance insulin therapy and improve glycaemic regulation of the diabetic dog and cat. Dietary therapy will not alleviate the necessity for insulin therapy in dogs and cats with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Preliminary work suggests that dietary therapy may ultimately be the only therapy necessary to maintain glycaemic control in cats with suspected non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Currently, the feeding of a high fibre, high complex carbohydrate diet is recommended at a caloric intake designed to correct obesity and maintain ideal bodyweight. Several small meals should be fed during the period of insulin activity, to help minimise post prandial fluctuations in the blood glucose concentration.
Carbimazole therapy of feline hyperthyroidism
Authors: Mooney C. T. , Thoday K. L. , Doxey D. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy and safety of carbimazole (CBZ) was studied in a series of 45 hyperthyroid cats. CBZ was used before surgical thyroidectomy in 34 cats, at a dose of 5 mg administered orally every eight hours. Biochemical euthyroidism, as assessed by a decrease in serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations into the reference range, was achieved in 31 cats (91 per cent) within a mean (± SD) of 5–7 (± 2–9) days (range, three to 15 days). Clinical evidence of euthyroidism tended to lag behind biochemical evidence but was usually apparent after 14 days. Continuing therapy tended to decrease serum total T4 but not serum total triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations below the reference range but clinical evidence of hypothyroidism was not apparent. In five additional cats, 5 mg CBZ was administered three times between 08.00 and 20.00 hours. Euthyroidism was achieved in only one cat after 14 days, emphasising the need for eight hourly dosing. Clinically observable side effects developed in five cats (13 per cent), two to three weeks after commencing therapy and included vomiting (n y 2) and vomiting and anorexia (n = 3). In three cases withdrawal of CBZ was required. Mild and transient haematological abnormalities developed in two cats (one case each of lymphocytosis and leucopenia). There were significant decreases in serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in those cats achieving euthyroidism (P < 0–001 in each case) but not in those that remained hyperthyroid despite CBZ therapy (P ± 0–05 in each case). CBZ was used as the sole therapy for the condition in eight cats for between four and 65 weeks. A consistent dosage of 5 mg CBZ administered twice daily was necessary to maintain euthyroidism. Adverse reactions were not noted. Chronic medical management tended to depress serum total T4 concentrations below the reference range. Corresponding serum total T3 concentrations remained within the reference range on 15 (88 per cent) of 17 occasions and may explain why the animals appeared clinically euthyroid. CBZ appears to be a safe and effective drug both in the short and long term management of feline hyperthyroidism and can be recommended as the current drug of choice in the UK.
Malignant seminoma with gross metastases in a dog
Authors: Tennant B. , Kelly D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 10‐year‐old male crossbred dog developed a non‐painful unilateral testicular swelling; the other gonad was reduced in size. Both gonads were removed surgically; the larger contained a diffuse seminoma, the smaller atrophic testis contained an interstitial cell adenoma and several intratubular seminomas. Six months after being castrated the dog developed palpable intraabdominal masses. Necropsy revealed gross metastatic malignant seminoma in para‐aortic lymph nodes. No histological features were identified to correlate with the malignant behaviour of this usually benign tumour.
Feline hypertrophic cardio‐myopathy: Variations on a theme
Authors: Bright J. M. , Golden A. L. , Daniel G. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe history and the physical, radiographic, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, haemo‐dynamic and angiocardiographic findings from 18 cats with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are described. These data document a diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations of this disease in cats. The variety and complexity of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicate the diagnosis and challenge the idea that this disorder is a single disease entity.
Deleted chromosome 32 in mammary neoplasms in two domestic dogs
Authors: Mayr B. , Plasser J. , Schleger W. , Loupal G. , Burtscher H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTumour cells of two cases of mammary neoplasm in dogs were investigated cytogenetically. A small marker chromosome, a deleted chromosome 32, was detected in many cells (35 and 40 per cent respectively) in both dogs.
Suture sinus in the linea alba of two dogs
Authors: Hosgood G. , Pechman R. D. , Casey H. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSuture sinuses developed in the linea alba of two dogs, associated with monofilament, nonabsorbable suture material. Knot bulk and irritation was thought to be the most important factor in sinus development in one dog, while infection was thought the most important factor in the other dog. Both dogs responded to aggressive surgical resection of the affected tissue and the offending suture. The factors responsible for suture sinus formation and the management of such are discussed.
Results of extra‐articular stabilisation following open reduction of coxofemoral luxation in dogs and cats
Authors: Meij B. P. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Nap R. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis report describes 14 dogs (mean age six years, mean bodyweight 25 kg) and three cats (mean age 9‐3 years, mean bodyweight 6–7 kg) with coxofemoral luxations of one to 91 days duration (median four days). In 47 per cent of the cases concomitant fractures or luxations (including three bilateral luxations) were present. Closed reduction was immediately unsuccessful in five cases and eventually unsuccessful in seven cases, whereas in five cases the nature of the additional trauma required surgical intervention. Via a craniolateral approach to the hip joint, combined with trochanter osteotomy in 24 per cent of the cases, the luxation was reduced and remnants of the capsule were sutured in 82 per cent of the cases. In all cases an extra‐articular iliofemoral suture band was applied to limit the range of motion of the femoral head. The technique is described and illustrated in detail. The success rate proved to be strongly related to the suture material and varied from excellent to poor. This extra‐articular stabilisation technique had excellent results in acute and chronic coxofemoral luxations in dogs when multifilamentous non‐absorbable material was used, even when no additional non‐weightbearing sling was used.
Ultrasonographic assessment of liver size in the dog
Authors: Barr F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA simple ultrasonographic method of estimating liver size in the dog was evaluated in this study. A single linear measurement from the tip of the ventral liver lobes to the diaphragm was made, using both transverse and longitudinal planes of section, Assuming careful technique, this measurement proved to be highly reproducible. There was good correlation between the measurements taken on the two planes of section. This measurement was shown to provide a good indicator of liver mass, irrespective of the size or breed of dog. It was concluded that ultrasound provides a simple, quantitative method of assessing liver size in the dog.
Normal hepatic I measurements in mature dogs
Authors: Barr F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTUltrasonographic estimations of liver size were made in each of 100 normal adult dogs. A correlation coefficient of 0.78 was found between the single linear hepatic measurement selected and bodyweight. The relationship between liver size and bodyweight was found to be approximately linear, with no apparent departure from linearity at extremes of bodyweight. The sex of the animal did not affect liver size once bodyweight had been taken into account. Deep, narrow‐chested dogs tended to have a slightly greater liver measurement for a given bodyweight than shallow, wide‐chested dogs, but this difference was small compared to the variation seen between individuals of the same body type and weight. Thus a graph could be constructed, with 95 per cent confidence limits, allowing prediction of the normal range of liver sizes for a given bodyweight. This graph may be applied to adult dogs of either sex and any breed conformation within the weight range of 1 to 60 kg.
Neuroblastoma in the dog
Authors: Payne‐Johnson C. E. , Brockman D. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA peripheral neuroblastoma is described in a two‐year‐old Japanese Akita with a vague illness and a palpable abdominal mass. Radiology confirmed the presence of a cranial abdominal mass which was determined to be inoperable at exploratory laparotomy. The tumour was believed to have originated in the adrenal glands. The problems of clinical and pathological diagnosis are discussed.
Sensory neuropathy in a Jack Russell terrier
Authors: Franklin R. J. M. , Olby N. J. , Targett M. P. , Houlton J. E. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA six‐year‐old male Jack Russell terrier was referred for investigation of an abnormal hindlimb stance and unresolving lesion on the dorsum of the right hindfoot. Clinical examination revealed cutaneous sensory and proprioceptive deficits affecting predominantly the hindlimbs. However, no motor deficits were evident. A sensory abnormality was confirmed by histological examination of a biopsy of a lateral branch of the superficial peroneal nerve, which contained only a single myelinated fibre. The condition was diagnosed as a sensory neuropathy, a disorder previously unrecognised in this breed.
Use of pins and methyl‐methacrylate in stabilisation of spinal fractures and luxations
Authors: Wong W. T. , Emms S. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFracture/luxation of the vertebral column commonly results from automobile accidents. Various surgical techniques have been described to stabilise the traumatised vertebral column. This paper describes the use of pins and methyl‐methacrylate to maintain fixation of vertebral fracture/luxation at different locations along the spine in four patients of differing bodyweights.
Ultrasound evaluation of pregnancy and spontaneous embryonic resorption in the bitch
Authors: England G. C. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred and one pregnant bitches were imaged using real‐time B‐mode ultrasonography. The accuracy of predicting fetal number was 38 per cent during early pregnancy and was lower with later examinations. If bitches were examined in early pregnancy and estimated to have five pups or more, or four pups or less, the predictive value of ultrasound was 100 per cent and 83‐3 per cent, respectively. The ultrasonographic appearance of one case of abortion and five cases of isolated spontaneous embryonic resorption were characterised. The resorptions did not apparently interfere with adjacent remaining conceptuses. The components of embryonic resorption were found to be; reduced volume and changes in echogenicity of embryonic fluid, loss of embryonic mass and heartbeat, collapse of the conceptus with thickening and inward bulging of the uterine wall and reduced size in comparison with adjacent conceptuses. Following resorption the uterus was moderately hypoechoic in appearance, similar to after parturition. No risk factors were correlated with resorption or abortion.
Arteriosclerosis of extramural coronary arteries in labradors with congestive heart failure
Authors: Kelly D. F. , Gaskell C J. , Lee M. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo adult male labrador dogs had short clinical histories of congestive cardiac failure lasting only six weeks. Cardiac function deteriorated rapidly in both dogs, in spite of symptomatic treatment with cardiac glycoside, diuretic and p‐adrenergic blocker. Necropsies revealed ascites and pulmonary congestion, but no macroscopic evidence of valvular or myocardial disease adequate to account for the cardiac dysfunction. Both dogs had extensive stenosis of extramural coronary arteries. This unusual vascular lesion comprised fibroelastic intimal thickening, discontinuity of internal elastic lamella and focal atrophy of medial smooth muscle. It seems likely that cardiac failure in these dogs was associated with myocardial underperfusion caused by extensive non‐thrombotic, non‐atherogenic stenosis of extramural coronary arteries.
Interlocking intramedullary nail stabilisation of a diaphyseal tibial fracture
Authors: Muir P. , Parker R. B. , Goldsmid S. E. , Johnson K. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA closed comminuted diaphyseal tibial fracture in an adult dog was stabilised with a custommade interlocking intramedullary nail. The fracture progressed to union by 14 weeks, by secondary bone healing. The use of interlocking intramedullary nails in human and veterinary orthopaedics is discussed.
Congenital hypothyroidism in a boxer dog
Authors: Mooney C. T. , Anderson T. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCongenital central hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a one‐year‐old boxer dog. The dog was presented for investigation of lameness, lethargy and obesity. Survey skeletal radiographs revealed delayed bone maturation and epiphyseal dysgenesis. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism was confirmed on the basis of a low basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentration that failed to increase following bovine thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) administration. However, repeated administration of TSH resulted in reactivation of the thyroid gland suggesting a central rather than a primary problem. Consistently low basal plasma Cortisol concentrations were suggestive of a concurrent secondary or tertiary hypoadrenocorticism. Surprisingly, plasma growth hormone concentrations were elevated before treatment but decreased once thyroid replacement therapy had commenced.
Canine multicentric lymphoma 1: Clinico‐pathological presentation of the disease
Authors: Dobson J. M. , Gorman N. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinicopathological features of 90 cases of canine multicentric lymphoma are described. The majority of cases occurred in middle‐aged dogs (five to eight years of age) with a mean age at presentation of 6–7 years. A marked sex predisposition was noted with male dogs out numbering females by 2:1. No significant breed predispositions were found. The most common presentation was a generalised lymphadenopathy but in approximately one‐third of the cases this was accompanied by other signs including polyuria and polydipsia, facial oedema and upper respiratory tract obstruction. Approximately two‐thirds of all the cases showed non‐specific haematological abnormalities including thrombocytopenia, anaemia and white blood cell anomalies. All the cases were clinically staged according to the anatomical extent of the disease. The majority of the dogs were classified as stage 3 or above, denoting that the disease is invariably widespread or systemic upon initial presentation.
Tube gastrostomy in dogs
Authors: Williams J. M. , White R. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTube gastrostomy was performed in 19 dogs over a period of 36 months. Indications for tube gastrostomy included non‐oral feeding for the management of oesophageal injuries (nine cases) and dysphagia resulting from oral or pharyngeal trauma (two cases) and decompression and, or, gastropexy for gastric diseases including gastric dilatation volvulus (four cases), gastric outflow diseases (three cases) and gastric neoplasia (one case). All the tubes were placed surgically and left in situ for periods of up to 14 days. Feeding was by frequent bolus administration of a proprietary enteral food initially followed by homogenised commercial dog food. The tubes were readily managed and patency maintained in all cases. Gastric stomata granulated within three days of tube removal. Fourteen dogs recovered and returned to normal oral feeding while three died as the result of their presenting condition. A fourth was euthanased four months after surgery because of recurrence of a gastric malignancy. This review indicates that surgically placed tube gastrostomy is readily performed and is an effective means of providing non‐oral alimentation and, or, gastric decompression.
Canine lymphoid leukaemia and lymphoma with bone marrow involvement: A review of 24 cases
Authors: Morris J. S. , Dunn J. K. , Dobson J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEleven cases of canine lymphoid leukaemia (10 acute and one chronic) were compared with 13 cases of canine lymphoma with bone marrow abnormalities, with regard to presentation, treatment and survival. Breed, age, and sex were similar for the two groups of dogs, but there was a marked difference in presenting signs, haematological parameters and bone marrow analysis, with the leukaemic dogs showing more severe changes. The clinicopathological features of these cases are reported in this paper and discussed with regard to prognosis. The mean survival time was significantly lower (43 days) in dogs treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia than for dogs treated for lymphoma with bone marrow abnormalities (351 days).
Distribution of propionibacteria on dogs: A preliminary report of the findings on 11 dogs
Authors: Harvey R. G. , Noble W. C. , Lloyd D. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA microdissection technique was used to investigate the flora of the canine skin surface and hair follicle. Anaerobic incubation revealed a species of Propionibacterium on the skin of seven of 11 normal dogs. The organism had cultural and biochemical similarities to Propionibacterium acnes. Analysis of the distribution of the organism revealed significant differences between carriage on males and females, between dogs with long and shorthaired coats and between dogs with coarse and fine hair. When present, the regional distribution of P acnes was similar to that found on man, with higher numbers found on the trunk than on the feet.