bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claudia RAPP, Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity: The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Transition. The Transformation of the Classical Heritage, 37
Authors: Mariev Sergei 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Im Zentrum der Monographie von Claudia Rapp steht die Figur des christlichen Bischofs im Kontext der spätantiken Gesellschaft. Das Buch besteht aus zwei Teilen und einem Epilog. Der erste Teil (S. 1–152) erfüllt eine zweifache Aufgabe: Er bietet (1.) eine Übersicht über die relevante Forschungsliteratur und Positionierung der vorliegenden Arbeit in der Forschungslandschaft und (2.) die Präsentation des von der Verf. entworfenen Erklärungsmodells, das die gesamte Untersuchung konzeptuell bestimmt. Im zweiten Teil (S. 155–289) betrachtet die Verf. die Entwicklung der Rolle des christlichen Bischofs im Kontext spätantiker Städte und Römischen Reiches vom 3. bis zum 6. Jahrhundert anhand von archäologischem, hagiographischem und juristischem Quellenmaterial. Im Epilog (S. 290–302) wird die Figur des Bischofs im Spiegel der Grabinschriften prominenter Amtsträger skizziert. Ein Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein Index beschließen den Band (S. 303–346).
Irfan SHAHÎD, Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century
Authors: Gaube Heinz 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Kein Gelehrter vor Irfan SHAHÎD hat sich so ausführlich mit dem Verhältnis zwischen Byzantinern und Arabern in der vorislamischen Zeit beschäftigt. Mit seinen Arbeiten, schon zwei Bände der Serie „Byzantium and the Arabs“ sind 1995 erschienen, begibt sich Sh. auf ein noch unzulänglich erforschtes, geschweige denn verstandenes Forschungsfeld: Die Geschichte der Araber im größeren Syrien des 6. Jh.s, welche durch „Die ghassânidischen Fürsten aus dem Hause Gafna's“ (so der Titel der grundlegenden Arbeit Theodor NÖLDEKES in den „Abhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften 1887“, 1–62) geprägt wurde. Dazu verfügt der Verf. über seltene Voraussetzungen. Er beherrscht sowohl die klassischen westlichen Sprachen sowie das Syrische und ist ein hervorragender Arabist, der es vor allem vermag, das bei den frühen arabischen Autoren verstreute Material, ich denke dabei besonders an die frühen Dichter, zu deuten. Hohe Sachkompetenz und jahrelange Beschäftigung mit dem Thema bezeugen schon die 1995 erschienen zwei Bände, in denen Sh. die Geschichte der Ġassāniden und ihren Einfluss auf die Politik und das religiöse Leben sowie ihre Rolle in den Kriegen der damaligen Zeit im Detail beschreibt. An sie schließt sich die vorliegende, über 450seitige Arbeit an.
Demetrios Z. SOPHIANOS/Photios A. DEMETRAKOPULOS, Τὰ χειϱόγϱαфα της μονης Δουσίϰου – Ἁγίου Βησσαϱίωνος. Κατάλογος πεϱιγϱαфιϰός
Authors: Schreiner Peter 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Dem bei Trikkala gelegenen Kloster kommt in der Geschichte der Handschriften der Klöster in Griechenland eine besondere Bedeutung zu: Mit dem Anschluß Thessaliens an den griechischen Staat im Jahre 1882 mußte das Kloster 532 Handschriften an die Nationalbibliothek Athen abgeben, die neben 100 Handschriften aus dem Metamorphosis-Kloster der Meteora den Grundstock der Athener Bibliothek bilden, darunter allein über 30 aus dem 10./11. Jh. Die reiche Sammlung geht auf den Metropoliten Bessarion von Trikkala zurück, der das aus Ruinen des 14. Jh.s wieder gegründete Kloster zwischen 1527 und 1533/34 mit Handschriften ausstattete, die im Laufe der späteren Jahrhunderte noch vermehrt wurden.
Plantation comic modes
Authors: Cowan William Tynes 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This essay attempts to synthesize disparate sources regarding African-American humor in the antebellum South into a comprehensive view of comic modes on the plantation. In part, the essay addresses the question of slave compliance with white demands that the slave be funny on demand. Such compliance provided slaveholders with evidence that their slaves were not only content in their social position but also happy. I try to navigate through the various arguments related to the Sambo stereotype by examining slave humor in various realms of the plantation: from the big house to the quarter to the field; and from everyday interaction to special occasions such as the annual corn shucking festival. By identifying various domains of plantation life, each with its own particular mode of humor, I am able to draw a picture of the role humor played in negotiation identities on the plantation. These negotiations allowed both white and black members of the plantation community to create and maintain images of the Self.
Newsletter
Authors: Nilsen Alleen Pace 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Humor in the news

Even before the complications of counting hanging chads, dimples, and pregnants on the Florida ballots, the United States' 2000 Presidential election was chalked up as a situation in which people were laughing more at the candidates than with them. The one bright spot was Joseph I. Lieberman, who “became the first vice-presidential candidate in American history to begin his convention speech with a mother-in-law joke.” After he was introduced by his wife, Hadassah, he said.

There's an old saying that behind every successful man, there is a surprised mother-in-law, and I am here to tell you, it's true.
The pragmatics of humor support
Authors: Hay Jennifer 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMany researchers claim joking and laughter to be an adjacency pair. There are, however, a range of strategies used for supporting humor in conversation, of which laughter is just one. This paper uses natural conversational data to illustrate a variety of humor support strategies. Common support strategies include contributing more humor, playing along with the gag, using echo or overlap, offering sympathy and contradicting self-deprecating humor.There are four implicatures associated with full support of humor:recognitionof a humorous frame,understandingthe humor,appreciatingthe humor, and agreeing with any message associated with it. Recognition, understanding and appreciation are in an entailment relationship, and this relationship can be exploited to display recognition and understanding while denying appreciation. The implicature of agreement is particularly salient when teasing or self-deprecating humor is being supported.
Case Report: An Unusual Case of Adrenal Neuroblastoma in Pregnancy
Authors: Refaat Marwan M. , Idriss Shereene Z. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Neuroblastomas are the fourth most common malignancy of childhood and account for most adrenal tumors in children. However, they are rarely reported in adults. We present herein an extremely rare case of adrenal neuroblastoma occurring in a 25-year-old woman during her first trimester of pregnancy. She had a spontaneous abortion secondary to chorioamnionitis and she was operated on for an “incidentaloma.” Her tumor was curatively resected. She presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain 26 months after her operation and there was evidence of local tumor recurrence without metastasis. Adult adrenal neuroblastoma is an uncommon malignancy and, to our knowledge, there was no case of this tumor occurring in pregnancy ever described in the English literature. The case presentation is followed by a general discussion with an emphasis on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of neuroblastoma and its association with pregnancy.
The Role of Recombinant Erythropoietin in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Shankar Ananth Gouri 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the pathophysiology of anemia in children with cancer and explain the rationale for the use of rHuEPO in the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated anemia.Discuss the current indications for the use of rHuEPO in childhood cancer.Explain how the use of rHuEPO in patients with cancer may result in tumor progression and inferior survival outcome.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.comAnemia in children with cancer is not an uncommon complication and is usually multifactorial in etiology. In numerous trials in adult cancer patients, treatment with recombinant erythropoietin has been shown to increase hemoglobin levels, reduce red blood cell transfusion requirements, and improve quality of life. Much less has been published of its use in the prevention or treatment of cancer-associated anemia (CAA) in children, in whom chemotherapy is usually more intensive and likely to result in greater myelosuppression. This review critically evaluates the published evidence of its use in childhood cancer especially; its safety and efficacy in the prevention and treatment of CAA and some indications for its use in childhood cancer are suggested.
Implementing an Expressive Writing Study in a Cancer Clinic
Authors: Morgan Nancy P. , Graves Kristi D. , Poggi Elizabeth A. , Cheson Bruce D. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Patients at a comprehensive cancer center have participated in a weekly writing program for 7 years. Anecdotal evidence following writing in this clinical setting appeared congruent with the results of expressive writing studies conducted in laboratory settings. To move expressive writing research beyond the laboratory, we evaluated the feasibility of engaging a clinical population in a structured expressive writing task while they waited for an appointment in a cancer clinic. Adult leukemia and lymphoma patients (n = 71) completed a baseline assessment, 20-minute writing task, postwriting assessment, and 3-week follow-up; 88% completed the writing task and 56% completed the follow-up. Participants reported positive responses to the writing, and immediately postwriting about half (49.1%) reported that writing resulted in changes in their thoughts about their illness, while 53.8% reported changes in their thoughts at the 3-week follow-up. Reports of changes in thoughts about illness immediately postwriting were significantly associated with better physical quality of life at follow-up, controlling for baseline quality of life. Initial qualitative analyses of the texts identified themes related to experiences of positive change/transformation following a cancer diagnosis. Findings support the feasibility of conducting expressive writing with a clinical population in a nonlaboratory setting. Cancer patients were receptive to expressive writing and reported changes in the way they thought about their illness following writing. These preliminary findings indicate that a single, brief writing exercise is related to cancer patients' reports of improved quality of life.
Cancer Treatment-Induced Bone Loss: Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Brufsky Adam M. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the incidence of CTIBL in patients undergoing therapy for breast cancer and prostate cancer.Describe the pathogenesis of CTIBL in patients undergoing therapy for breast cancer and prostate cancer.Describe the current role of and indications for bisphosphonate therapy in the treatment of CTIBL.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Hormone-ablative therapies for breast or prostate cancer can cause marked and rapid reductions in circulating estrogen or testosterone levels, resulting in significant effects on bone metabolism and cancer treatment–induced bone loss (CTIBL). Most patients with cancer are over the age of 65 and are already at risk for osteoporosis. Thus, accelerated bone loss from CTIBL is especially concerning in this population. Although there are currently no approved therapies for the treatment or prevention of CTIBL, oral bisphosphonates have been used in settings other than oncology to treat bone loss. New-generation i.v. bisphosphonates have demonstrated promising activity in preventing CTIBL in patients receiving hormonal therapy for breast or prostate cancer. In particular, zoledronic acid not only prevents CTIBL in both breast and prostate cancer patients but also increases bone mineral density above baseline. Such agents have the potential to delay or prevent CTIBL in patients receiving hormonal therapies.
Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Limbs: Which Treatment to Choose?
Authors: Hohenberger Peter , Wysocki Wojciech M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe and weigh the available treatment options for the neoadjuvant therapy of soft tissue sarcoma of the limbs.Discuss the positive effects of preoperative treatment concepts on resection margins.Balance the adverse effects of pretreatment on subsequent operative morbidity.Interpret the weaknesses of currently available study results.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.comSoft tissue sarcomas (STSs) form a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms arising in the mesenchymal connective tissues. They can develop at any anatomic site but 60% occur in the extremities. Initially, treatment of STS relied solely on excision. In the 1970s, Enneking et al. developed the concept of compartmental resection to reduce the local failure rate. Later, Rosenberg et al. demonstrated, in a randomized study, that there was no difference in local tumor control and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients treated with amputation versus limb-saving surgery followed by 50–70 Gy external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT).A considerable proportion of patients present with locally advanced tumors as a primary or recurrent disease and cannot be resected with adequate clearance margins. These patients are threatened with amputation for complete tumor removal. Improvements in surgical techniques, such as microvascular muscle flaps, allow for the avoidance of limb loss in the majority of cases. However, the use of frozen sections to determine intraoperatively whether clear margins have been achieved is limited by the multiplanarity of resection specimens. Thus, local failure rates are 15%–25%, and preoperative measures to sterilize the invasive margin of sarcomas have been explored. High-dose preoperative EBRT for high-grade STS was developed, and its combination with intra-arterial or i.v. chemotherapy was reported to be effective. Recently, systemic chemotherapy combined with deep wave hyperthermia was shown to result in a longer DFS time in a large, randomized, phase III study. Treatment concepts differ significantly among centers and are influenced more by availability of technical equipment than by data. It is the aim of this review to elucidate the rationale of different regimens and analyze their potentials as well as weaknesses.
Administration of Cetuximab Every 2 Weeks in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Effective, More Convenient Alternative to Weekly Administration?
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Pfeiffer Per , Cervantes Andrés 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The primary purpose of this paper is to present the available evidence for the administration of cetuximab on an every-2-weeks basis in combination with irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor–targeted IgG1 monoclonal antibody that is approved for use in combination with irinotecan or as monotherapy in the treatment of mCRC. The currently approved dosing regimen for cetuximab is a 400-mg/m2 initial dose followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly. Many commonly used chemotherapy agents for mCRC (including irinotecan alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil [5-FU]/folinic acid [FA] and oxaliplatin plus 5-FU/FA) are administered on an every-2-weeks basis. The ability to synchronize the administration of cetuximab and concomitant chemotherapy is desirable for both patients and health care workers. A cetuximab dose of 500 mg/m2 every 2 weeks exhibited predictable pharmacokinetics, which were similar to those of the approved weekly dosing regimen. Active serum concentrations of cetuximab were maintained throughout the 2-week dosing period with this regimen. There was no difference between the dosing regimens on pharmacodynamic parameters in skin. The efficacy and safety of the every-2-weeks dosing regimen were similar to those reported for the approved weekly dosing regimen. The indication from these preliminary findings is that every-2-weeks administration of cetuximab (500 mg/m2) may be a potentially convenient alternative to the approved weekly dosing regimen of 250 mg/m2 (following an initial dose of 400 mg/m2) in the treatment of mCRC.
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Alemtuzumab as Single-Agent Treatment for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Demko Suzanne , Summers Jeffrey , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the results of the CAM 307 randomized trial of alemtuzumab in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Describe the pretreatment and prophylactic medications recommended for patients treated with alemtuzumab.Identify the most common toxicities seen with alemtuzumab treatment.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
On September 19, 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval and expanded labeling for alemtuzumab (Campath®; Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA) as single-agent treatment for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Alemtuzumab was initially approved in 2001 under accelerated approval regulations. Conversion to regular approval was based on a single study submitted to verify clinical benefit. Efficacy and safety were demonstrated in an open-label, international, multicenter, randomized trial of 297 patients with previously untreated, Rai stage I–IV B-CLL experiencing progression of their disease. Patients were randomized to either alemtuzumab, 30 mg i.v. over 2 hours three times per week on alternate days for a maximum of 12 weeks, or chlorambucil, 40 mg/m2 orally every 28 days for a maximum of 12 months. The progression-free survival time, the primary study endpoint, was significantly longer in the alemtuzumab arm than in the chlorambucil arm. Both the overall and complete response rates were also significantly higher in the alemtuzumab arm. No differences in survival were observed. There were no new safety signals identified in patients receiving alemtuzumab. The most serious, and sometimes fatal, toxicities of alemtuzumab are cytopenias, infusion reactions, and infections.
From Straight Lines to Deconvolution: The Evolution of the State of the Art in Well Test Analysis
Authors: Gringarten Alain C. 
Published: February 2008

Summary
Well test analysis has been used for many years to assess well condition and obtain reservoir parameters. Early interpretation methods (by use of straight lines or log-log pressure plots) were limited to the estimation of well performance. With the introduction of pressure-derivative analysis in 1983 and the development of complex interpretation models that are able to account for detailed geological features, well test analysis has become a very powerful tool for reservoir characterization. A new milestone has been reached recently with the introduction of deconvolution. De-convolution is a process that converts pressure data at variable rate into a single drawdown at constant rate, thus making more data available for interpretation than in the original data set, in which only periods at constant rate can be analyzed. Consequently, it is possible to see boundaries in deconvolved data, a considerable advantage compared with conventional analysis, in which boundaries often are not seen and must be inferred. This has a significant impact on the ability to certify reserves.
This paper reviews the evolution of well test analysis techniques during the past half century and shows how improvements have come in a series of step changes 20 years apart. Each one has increased the ability to discriminate among potential interpretation models and to verify the consistency of the analysis. This has increased drastically the amount of information that one can extract from well test data and, more importantly, the confidence in that information.
Limits on Data Communication Along the Drillstring Using Acoustic Waves
Authors: Gao L. , Gardner W. , Robbins C. , Memarzadeh M. , Johnson D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary
The first commercial acoustic-telemetry system was introduced successfully in 2000 as part of a drillstem-testing system. However, duplicating the success of the acoustic telemetry to environmentally challenging logging-while-drilling (LWD) applications at high data throughput remains a formidable task. The primary limitation arises from normal drilling operations that produce inband acoustic noise at multiple sources at intensities comparable to the transmitter output. This noise, together with the signal attenuation along the drillstring, adversely affects the data throughput. To determine the communication capacity of the drillstring channel using acoustic waves, we examined the impact of channel characteristics, signal attenuation, and noise in detail. On the basis of a communication model that incorporates the effects of both drillstring acoustic channel and noise, we extensively studied the capacity of the system using the waterfilling method. For this analysis, realistic downhole transmitter power output, experimentally measured noise at the surface, and measured attenuation of acoustic waves in the drillstring channel were used as input parameters. The results show that a typical drillstring channel has a potential capacity of up to several hundred bits per second under noisy drilling conditions. Implications of the channel capacity on acoustic-telemetry-system designs are discussed. A communication technique that comes close to realizing a high-rate telemetry system is introduced. Methods to optimize various aspects of the system such that maximum drillstring-channel utilization can be realized under drilling conditions are also discussed. Potential enhancement to data rates through application of error control-coding is covered briefly.
Improved Reservoir Management Through Integration of 4D-Seismic Interpretation, Draugen Field, Norway
Authors: Mikkelsen P. L. , Guderian K. , Plessis G. du 
Published: February 2008

Summary
4D-seismic interpretation plays a key role in the reservoir management of the Draugen field, situated offshore Norway. High-quality time-lapse seismic surveys conducted in 1990, 1998, 2001, and 2004 have all shown sharp resolution for the areal and vertical definition of the water movement toward the producing wells.
Excellent reservoir properties with relatively few high-rate wells and an expected recovery factor exceeding 60% make Draugen one of the best performing fields offshore Norway. The field has a simple geology; however, the reservoir structure is relatively uncertain because of the low number of well penetrations for calibrating the structure. Fortunately, the 4D-seismic interpretations have largely compensated for this shortcoming by providing improved lateral control for refining the reservoir-simulation models.
All of the 4D interpretations conducted so far have indicated the need for simulation-model changes such as modified reservoir volumes in certain areas, revised fault transmissibilities, and improved relative permeability characteristics. Integration of the 4D-interpretation results has greatly improved the various Draugen reservoir-simulation models, enabling improved forecast and reserves estimates as well as better business decisions. Effects on field reservoir management have included revising the water-injection strategy, converting a producer to an injector, repositioning a development well, and drilling an appraisal well.