bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CT-based radiomics nomogram involving the cystic fluid area for differentiating appendiceal mucinous neoplasms from appendicitis with intraluminal fluid
Authors: Wang Xinbin , Feng Na , Qiu Yonggang , Dong Hao , Lou Cuncheng , Yang Junjie , Yu Jieni , Jiang Chunyan , Xu Jianxia , Yu Risheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
To develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) to distinguish appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) from appendicitis with intraluminal fluid (AWIF).

Method
A total of 211 patients from two medical institutions were retrospectively analysed, of which 109 were pathologically confirmed as having appendicitis with concomitant CT signs of intraluminal fluid and 102 as having AMN. All patients were randomly assigned to a training (147 patients) or validation cohort (64 patients) at a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features of the cystic fluid area of the appendiceal lesions were extracted from nonenhanced CT images using 3D Slicer software. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression methods were employed to screen the radiomics features and develop a radiomics model. Combined radiomics nomogram and clinical-CT models were further developed based on the corresponding features selected after multivariate analysis. Lastly, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the models’ performances in the training and validation cohorts.

Results
A total of 851 radiomics features were acquired from the nonenhanced CT images. Subsequently, a radiomics model consisting of eight selected features was developed. The combined radiomics nomogram model comprised rad-score, age, and mural calcification, while the clinical-CT model contained age and mural calcification. The combined model achieved area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.945 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.895, 0.976) and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.841, 0.980) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, which were larger than those obtained by the radiomics (training cohort: AUC, 0.915 [95% CI: 0.865, 0.964]; validation cohort: AUC, 0.912 [95% CI: 0.843, 0.981]) and clinical-CT models (training cohort: AUC, 0.884 [95% CI: 0.820, 0.931]; validation cohort: AUC, 0.767 [95% CI: 0.644, 0.863]). Finally, DCA showed that the clinical utility of the combined model was superior to that of the clinical CT and radiomics models.

Conclusion
Our combined radiomics nomogram model constituting radiomics, clinical, and CT features exhibited good performance for differentiating AMN from AWIF, indicating its potential application in clinical decision-making.
FeNb11O29 and related niobate anodes for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries: a review
Authors: Bini Marcella 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe main request to be fulfilled for the wide distribution of electric vehicles is the availability of fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, fast charging accelerates the degradation of a battery, particularly at ambient temperature, and the main responsible one is the anode compartment. The research is indeed devoted to developing new anode materials for LIBs with outstanding performances at high rates. FeNb11O29 (FNO), a double shear phase, also known as a Wadsley–Roth phase, with an intrinsic pseudocapacitance, was recently proposed as anode in LIBs, thanks to its high theoretical capacity (400 mAh g−1), high operating voltage (~ 1.6 V vs Li+/Li) and an amazing structural stability. In this review, after the discussion of strengths and weaknesses of FNO, the structural features of both its polymorphic forms, with a particular focus on the niobium and iron neighbourhoods, will be described. Then, the working mechanism and the structure-electrochemistry relationships will be treated, with an in-depth analysis of the pseudo-capacitive behaviour, i.e., the key to understand its electrochemical performances. The strategies to mitigate its main drawbacks, i.e., the poor electronic conductivity and the limited lithium diffusion, will be also dealt with. In the final paragraph, the electrochemical performances of some other analogues niobates will be briefly described.
Non-Invasive Hardware Trojans Modeling and Insertion: A Formal Verification Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Hala , Azmi Haytham , El-Kharashi M. Watheq , Safar Mona 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn modern chip designs, shared resources are used extensively. Arbiters usage is crucial to settle conflicts when multiple requests compete for these shared resources. Making sure these arbiter circuits work correctly is vital not just for their proper functionality, but also for security reasons. The work in this paper introduces a method based on formal verification to thoroughly assess the proper functional aspects of various arbiter setups. This is achieved through SystemVerilog assertions and model checking. Additionally, we explore a non-invasive method for the modeling and insertion of different types of hardware Trojans. These Trojans, with their unique triggers and payloads, are modeled formally without the need for any alterations to the actual circuit. The results provide a detailed analysis of the cost involved in running the formal verification environment on versions of arbiters that are free from Trojans. This analysis is carried out using Questa PropCheck formal analysis tool, which offers valuable insights into the time and memory resources required. Furthermore, the results highlights how the formally modeled and inserted Trojans interfere with hold criteria of the arbiters’ properties, where at least a single property fires due to the inserted Trojan. This work can be extended to be a generic approach with the potential to validate both the proper operation and security aspects of complex systems.
Alternative vegetation trajectories through passive habitat rewilding: opposite effects for animal conservation
Authors: Jiménez-Franco María V. , Graciá Eva , Rodríguez-Caro Roberto C. , Anadón José D. , Wiegand Thorsten , Giménez Andrés 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
Passive habitat rewilding after rural abandonment can affect wildlife differently depending on the type of habitats that it generates.

Objective
Evaluate and compare the effects of two alternative vegetation trajectories that occur through passive habitat rewilding in Mediterranean ecotone areas (crop-scrub and crop-pine forest transitions) on the long-term population dynamics of animal species.

Methods
We used the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca), a characteristic long-lived species of cultural landscapes, as study species. We applied a spatially explicit and individual-based model (STEPLAND) to simulate the movement and demographic processes in a long-term period, by comparing an “impact scenario” (i.e., historical land-use changes) to a “control scenario” (no land-use changes).

Results
The two landscape scenarios resulted in different population trends. In the crop-scrub scenarios (control and impact), population densities increased similarly over time. However, the crop-pine forest scenario negatively affected population density throughout the simulation period, and showed a time-lag response of three decades. The extinction risk was 55% with a time-lag response of approximately 110 years.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the need to analyse the legacy effects on long-lived ectotherms, using them as a proxy to understand the future effects of dynamic landscapes created by “passive habitat rewilding”. Our results showed how traditional agriculture in Mediterranean ecotone areas may generate “ecotone effects” (i.e. increase in demographical parameters), but also population extinction on long-lived ectotherms. Therefore, we consider it relevant to maintain traditional agricultural areas in Mediterranean landscapes, especially in ecotone areas associated with pine forests (generating mosaics with open habitats).
Transition to Motherhood: Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Support from Partner, Family and Friends
Authors: Mathijssen J. J. P. , Dirks E. , van Bakel H. J. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The complex identity changes women have to go through to become mothers makes it a challenging transitional period. Especially, mothers who have experienced childhood adversity (ACEs) may be vulnerable to poor adjustment to motherhood. However, support from a partner, family and friends can act as a buffer to cope with this challenging transitional period. Therefore, the aim was to study whether ACEs and experienced social support (partners, family, and friends) were related to the adjustment to motherhood or ‘motherhood constellation’ of women after the birth of their first child.

Method
Data were collected via an online questionnaire among first-time mothers from June–September 2020. Motherhood constellation was measured with four items based on the descriptions by (Stern, 1995) about the motherhood constellation, i.e. worries about Life/Growth, Emotional Engagement, Support Systems, Identity Organisation. Multiple regression analyses with pairwise deletion were conducted.

Results
ACEs were related to all four themes of motherhood constellation, indicating that the more frequent these adverse experiences occurred in the past the more concerns, both about the child and herself, the mother had. Moreover, after controlling for ACEs and other forms of support, only support from friends was related to the use of support systems and identity organisation. Finally, statistically significant interactions were found between ACES and support from friends with life/growth and between ACES and support from family with identity organisation. These interactions indicated that contrary to the expectation the positive association between mother’s ACEs and worries was stronger for mothers who experienced more support.

Conclusion
The consequences of ACEs seemed to show up in the transition to motherhood, indicating that interventions targeting first-time mothers should address the motherhood constellation that may arise from earlier adverse life experiences. Moreover, especially support from friends seemed to be associated with less worries among mothers. Social support has no buffering effect for the negative consequences of ACEs on the themes of motherhood constellation. Further research is clearly needed to get more insight into these themes and to understand the meaning of different types of social support during the transition to motherhood.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Extreme Learning Machine with the Truncated Pinball Loss
Authors: Gao Qingyun , Ai Qing , Wang Wenhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFuzzy extreme learning machine (FELM) is an effective algorithm for dealing with classification problems with noises, which uses a membership function to effectively suppress noise in data. However, FELM has the following drawbacks: (a) The membership degree of samples in FELM is constructed by considering only the distance between the samples and the class center, not the local information of samples. It is easy to mistake some boundary samples for noises. (b) FELM uses the least squares loss function, which leads to sensitivity to feature noise and instability to re-sampling. To address the above drawbacks, we propose an intuitionistic fuzzy extreme learning machine with the truncated pinball loss (TPin-IFELM). Firstly, we use the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method to obtain local information of the samples and then construct membership and non-membership degrees for each sample in the random mapping feature space based on valuable local information. Secondly, we calculate the score value of samples based on the membership and non-membership degrees, which can effectively identify whether the boundary samples are noises or not. Thirdly, in order to maintain the sparsity and robustness of the model, and enhance the stability of the resampling of the model, we introduce the truncated pinball loss function into the model. Finally, in order to solve more efficiently, we employ the concave-convex procedure (CCCP) to solve TPin-IFELM. Extensive comparative experiments are conducted on the benchmark datasets to verify the superior performance of TPin-IFELM.
Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on 3D–2D Hybrid Convolution and Graph Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tu Kaiping , Lv Huanhuan , Wang Ruiqin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConvolutional neural networks and graph convolutional neural networks are two classical deep learning models that have been widely used in hyperspectral image classification tasks with remarkable achievements. However, hyperspectral image classification models based on graph convolutional neural networks using only shallow spectral or spatial features are insufficient to provide reliable similarity measures for constructing graph structures, limiting their classification performance. To address this problem, we propose a new end-to-end hyperspectral image classification model combining 3D–2D hybrid convolution and a graph attention mechanism (3D–2D-GAT). The model utilizes the collaborative work of hybrid convolutional feature extraction module and GAT module to improve classification accuracy. First, a 3D–2D hybrid convolutional network is constructed and used to quickly extract the discriminant deep spatial-spectral features of various ground objects in hyperspectral image. Then, the graph is built based on deep spatial-spectral features to enhance the feature representation ability. Finally, a network of graph attention mechanism is adopted to learn long-range spatial relationship and distinguish the intra-class variation and inter-class similarity among different samples. The experimental results on three datasets, Indian Pine, the University of Pavia and Salinas Valley show that the proposed method can achieve higher classification accuracy compared with other advanced methods.
Exploratory factor analysis and Rasch analysis to assess the structural validity of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit Proxy version (ASCOT-Proxy) completed by care home staff
Authors: Rand Stacey , Towers Ann-Marie , Allan Stephen , Webster Lucy , Palmer Sinead , Carroll Rachael , Gordon Adam , Akdur Gizdem , Goodman Claire 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Rasch analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the structural validity of the ASCOT-Proxy measures completed by staff on behalf of older adults resident in care homes, by comparison to the ASCOT-SCT4, the measure of social care-related quality of life (SCRQoL) from which the ASCOT-Proxy was developed.

Methods
EFA was conducted on the ASCOT-SCT4 and the two ASCOT-Proxy measures (Proxy-Proxy, Proxy-Resident), to determine if they retained the single factor of the original ASCOT-SCT4 measure found in samples of older community-dwelling adults. Rasch analysis was also applied to measures with a single factor structure in the EFA.

Results
ASCOT-Proxy-Resident had a single factor structure, as did the original ASCOT-SCT4 (also, found in this analysis when completed by care home staff). The ASCOT-Proxy-Proxy had a two factor structure. Rasch analysis of ASCOT-Proxy-Resident and ASCOT-SCT4 had an acceptable model fit, internal consistency and met the assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence. There was evidence of less than optimal distinguishability at some thresholds between responses, and low frequency of rating of the ‘high level needs’.

Conclusion
The ASCOT-Proxy-Resident is a valid instrument of SCRQoL for older adults resident in care homes, completed by staff proxies. Due to the two-factor structure, which differs from the original ASCOT-SCT4, we do not recommend the use of the ASCOT-Proxy-Proxy measure, although collecting data as part of the ASCOT-Proxy questionnaire may support its feasibility and acceptability. Further qualitative study of how care home staff complete and perceive the ASCOT-Proxy is encouraged for future studies.
Fastlomap: faster lead optimization mapper algorithm for large-scale relative free energy perturbation
Authors: Furui Kairi , Ohue Masahito 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, free energy perturbation calculations have garnered increasing attention as tools to support drug discovery. The lead optimization mapper (Lomap) was proposed as an algorithm to calculate the relative free energy between ligands efficiently. However, Lomap requires checking whether each edge in the FEP graph is removable, which necessitates checking the constraints for all edges. Consequently, conventional Lomap requires significant computation time, at least several hours for cases involving hundreds of compounds, and is impractical for cases with more than tens of thousands of edges. In this study, we aimed to reduce the computational cost of Lomap to enable the construction of FEP graphs for hundreds of compounds. We can reduce the overall number of constraint checks required from an amount dependent on the number of edges to one dependent on the number of nodes by using the chunk check process to check the constraints for as many edges as possible simultaneously. Based on the analysis of the execution profiles, we also improved the speed of cycle constraint and diameter constraint checks. Moreover, the output graph is the same as that obtained using the conventional Lomap, enabling direct replacement of the original one with our method. With our improvement, the execution was hundreds of times faster than that of the original Lomap.
Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Associated Trace Elements Pollution in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study with Global Megacities
Authors: Kumar Sazal , Saha Narottam , Mohana Anika Amir , Hasan Md. Sabbir , Rahman M. Safiur , Elmes Michele , MacFarlane Geoff R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAir quality degradation due to high levels of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of various size fractions and the associated potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) is a global concern. This article provides a thorough review and analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of PM and PTEs in Bangladesh, offering a comprehensive assessment with other megacities worldwide based on existing literature. This study provides insights into the sources and transport mechanisms of PM and their link to human health. The level of PM was consistently high in Dhaka (capital of Bangladesh), with occasional higher levels in the surrounding cities. Different functional areas within Bangladesh show varying levels of PM, with total suspended particulates (TSP) being notably prevalent. When compared to megacities worldwide, African and Asian megacities, like India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Egypt, exhibited higher PM concentrations. The concentration of PM-associated PTEs varies significantly among megacities and PM10 tends to have relatively higher concentrations of PTEs compared to other fractions in Bangladesh. Pb in ambient air was found across most megacities, with a temporal increase in Bangladesh. TSP exhibited the highest relative Pb content, followed by PM10 and PM2.5. Temporal factors, geographic locations, meteorological conditions, and anthropogenic activities contribute to the variation in PM and associated PTEs concentration in Bangladesh and global megacities. Ultimately, this study would aid policymakers in assessing the magnitude of PM pollution in Bangladesh compared to other megacities considering regional factors.
Geochemical Evaluation of Manganese Neutralization Sludge for Mn-Containing Mine Drainage Treatment
Authors: Furukori Yusuke , Oyama Keishi , Fuchida Shigeshi , Tokoro Chiharu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConventional neutralization treatment for manganese (Mn)-bearing mine drainage provides a challenge of cost-efficiency, and new approaches should be explored for efficient removal of Mn. We focused on Mn neutralization sludge, a by-product of the Mn-bearing drainage treatment process, which was assumed to be useful as a water purification material. Mn and zinc (Zn) removal tests in simulated drainage were performed using Mn neutralization sludge, and the reaction mechanism was elucidated using geochemical modeling and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The results showed that the addition of sludge enabled to lower the Mn and Zn concentration below Japanese effluent standard (10 mg dm−3 for Mn; 2 mg dm−3 for Zn) within 1 h. Furthermore, heavy metal immobilization was achieved at neutral pH (7–8) with the sludge addition, while the conventional neutralization process without adding the sludge requires higher pH (>10) to lower Mn concentration. These removal behaviors were not explainable by considering only well-known phenomena: hydroxide precipitation, surface complexation reaction onto δ-MnO2, and autocatalytic Mn oxidation. Hence, we advanced the geochemical model for simulation, suggesting that a surface complexation reaction onto γ-MnOOH greatly contributed to the removal of Mn. Besides, Zn was calculated to be predominantly precipitated as ZnMn2O4. Solid residue analysis by XAFS measurement supported the result of above calculation, validating the reliability of the constructed geochemical model. Overall, we concluded that the advanced geochemical model would be useful in predicting the Mn and Zn behavior during mine drainage treatment with Mn neutralization sludge.
Graphical abstract
Teachers’ use of data from digital learning platforms for instructional design: a systematic review
Authors: Hase Alina , Kuhl Poldi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData-based decision-making is a well-established field of research in education. In particular, the potential of data use for addressing heterogeneous learning needs is emphasized. With data collected during the learning process of students, teachers gain insight into the performance, strengths, and weaknesses of their students and are potentially able to adjust their teaching accordingly. Digital media are becoming increasingly important for the use of learning data. Students can use digital learning platforms to work on exercises and receive direct feedback, while teachers gain data on the students’ learning processes. Although both data-based decision-making and the use of digital media in schools are already widely studied, there is little evidence on the combination of the two issues. This systematic review aims to answer to what extent the connection between data-based decision-making and the use of digital learning platforms has already been researched in terms of using digital learning data for further instructional design. The analysis of n = 11 studies revealed that the use of data from digital learning platforms for instructional design has so far been researched exploratively. Nevertheless, we gained initial insights into which digital learning platforms teachers use, which data they can obtain from them, and how they further use these data.
Unlocking the Everdoor: analyzing the serious game Spiritfarer
Authors: Glaser Noah , Jensen Lucas , Riedy Tina , Center Maggie , Shifflett Jim , Griffin Joseph 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis qualitative research study aims to examine the potential of the commercially available serious game, Spiritfarer. The study focuses on the game's unique approach to serious themes and its ability to facilitate discussions about grief. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze lived experience descriptions from 54 participants. Findings indicate that Spiritfarer can impact gamers' outlook, knowledge, and behaviors, particularly related to grief, empathy, and loss management. The game achieves this through effective game design principles that generate emotional reactions and establish a connection between the narrative, characters, and players.