bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conformationally Locked AminomethylC‐Glycoside and Studies on ItsN‐Pyren‐1‐ylcarbonyl Derivative Inserted into Oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Verhagen Carlo , Bryld Torsten , Raunkjær Michael , Vogel Stefan , Buchalová Katerina , Wengel Jesper 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new conformationally locked aminomethylC‐glycoside has been synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides (ONs). The applicability of the monomer inpost‐ON synthesis (i.e., conjugation by organic synthesis performed on ONs attached to resin) has been successfully demonstrated by condensation with pyren‐1‐ylcarboxylic acid. The abilities of the pyrenyl‐derivatized ONs to recognize abasic sites in complementary strands were investigated by thermal denaturation studies, which showed the obtained pyrenyl‐derivatized ONs to be promising candidates for this purpose. The synthetic route also allowed synthesis of a conformationally locked dipeptide mimetic suitable for use in peptide and carbohydrate chemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Modeling collective choice: decision‐making on complex intellective tasks
Authors: Bonner Bryan L. , Baumann Michael R. , Lehn Austin K. , Pierce Daisy M. , Wheeler Erin C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThree studies examined group problem‐solving on complex intellective tasks. In Study 1, a decision model proposed by Laughlin and Hollingshead (1995) provided the best fit to actual group choices. This study also compared three‐person group versus individual performance with time constrained and number of problems unconstrained, with individuals solving non‐significantly more problems and groups obtaining significantly superior trials‐to‐solution scores. In Study 2, one member of each group was given additional information on how to perform the task and member extroversion was measured. Neither factor significantly impacted the decision‐making process. In Study 3, task expertise was assessed prior to the group interaction. Results indicate that group members were twice as likely to adopt an option proposed by an expert compared to other group members. Together these studies demonstrate that group problem solving is governed jointly by qualities of the task and qualities of the group members. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample sonication after trichloroacetic acid precipitation increases protein recovery from cultured hippocampal neurons, and improves resolution and reproducibility in two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Manadas Bruno J. , Vougas Konstantinos , Fountoulakis Michael , Duarte Carlos B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractProtein precipitation with TCA followed by acetone washing is frequently used to clean samples before 2‐DE. However, the difficulty in solubilizing TCA‐precipitated proteins causes some variability in 2‐D gels and makes it difficult to detect some proteins. In this work we show that sonication of the samples, after TCA precipitation followed by elution in sample buffer, increases total protein recovery, and improves reproducibility and matching ratios between gels when analyzed by specialized software.
Analysis of surface and volatile compounds of flower heads of introduced plants of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. growing wild in Chile
Authors: Sebastián Betania , Urzúa Alejandro M , Vines Marcela 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSurface compounds were obtained by a methylene chloride extract of fresh flower heads of wild plants of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. in Chile. Three fractions were obtained by column chromatography and analyzed by GC‐MS leading to the identification of several monoterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones. A hydrocarbon fraction of n‐alkanes from C23 to C31 and C33 was also identified. Headspace analysis of the fresh flower heads was carried out. Different proportions of the same mono‐ and sesquiterpenes were identified in the volatile fraction but not the sesquiterpene lactones. The chemical data was compared with that reported in studies of plants growing in the species' original area of distribution. The proportion of oxygenated terpenoids identified in this report, in relation to those reported in previous communications, is a most relevant characteristic and represents an important difference between the chemistry of individuals of C. coronarium present in Chile and those present in Murcia, Spain and Livorno, Italy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constituents of top fragrance from fresh flowers of Robinia Pseudoacacia L. occurring in China
Authors: Xie Jianchun , Sun Baoguo , Yu Min 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVolatiles from the fresh flowers of Robinia Pseudoacacia L. grown in China were analyzed by GC‐MS combined with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). The abundant compounds identified were linalool (33.1%), cis‐β‐ocimene (26.6%), (E)‐α‐bergamotene (8.9%) and formanilide (7.4%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition of leaf, flower and stem of Styrax (Styrax officinalis L.) from south‐eastern France
Authors: Tayoub Ghaleb , Schwob Isabelle , Bessière Jean‐Marie , Rabier Jacques , Masotti Véronique , Mévy Jean‐Philippe , Ruzzier Martine , Girard Gabriel , Viano Josette 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe essential oil composition of Styrax officinalis L. was investigated by GC and GC–MS for the first time. Oil yields were low, whichever organ was hydrodistilled. Leaf, stem and flower oils consisted of 42.2%, 41.2% and 48.7% of terpenoids, respectively. Among all the identified terpenoids, oxygenated monoterpenes were predominant in all the plant organs. The major compounds in the leaf essential oils were (E)‐2‐hexenal (17.6%), linalool (11.9%) and geranial (5.5%). Linalool was the major compound (26.4%) in the volatile flower oil, followed by tridecanal (9.8%) and dodecane (9.6%), while α‐terpineol (17%) and eugenol (9.9%) were the main compounds in the stem essential oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Target genes of the WNT/β‐catenin pathway in Wilms tumors
Authors: Zirn Birgit , Samans Birgit , Wittmann Stefanie , Pietsch Thorsten , Leuschner Ivo , Graf Norbert , Gessler Manfred 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe WNT/β‐catenin pathway is involved in numerous human cancers. Mutations of the CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) gene have also been detected in a subset of pediatric Wilms tumors, but the target genes of the deregulated WNT/β‐catenin pathway in these tumors have yet to be identified. To compare gene expression profiles of Wilms tumors with and without mutations of CTNNB1, we used 11.5‐k cDNA microarrays. Most of the tumors (86%) had received preoperative chemotherapy as mandated by the European SIOP protocol. The comparison between Wilms tumors with and without CTNNB1 mutations revealed several target genes specifically deregulated in CTNNB1‐mutated Wilms tumors. Among these, PITX2, APCDD1, and two members of the endothelin axis (EDN3 and EDNRA) are directly activated downstream targets of the WNT/β‐catenin pathway that may enhance proliferation of these tumor cells. In addition, several upstream inhibitors of WNT/β‐catenin signaling like WIF1 and PRDC were also strongly up‐regulated in the CTNNB1‐mutated Wilms tumors. This overexpression may be a negative feedback mechanism in tumors with uncontrolled WNT signaling. Moreover, we identified deregulated genes in both the retinoic acid and the RAS pathways, such as ATX/ENPP2 and RIS1, suggesting an association between these two pathways with that of WNT. In addition, the strong representation of muscle‐related genes in the expression profile of CTNNB1‐mutated Wilms tumors corresponded to histologically detectable areas of myomatous cells in these tumors that displayed intense and preferential nuclear β‐catenin antibody staining. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The gene for polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is amplified in late‐stage prostate cancer
Authors: Saramäki Outi R. , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Martikainen Paula M. , Vessella Robert L. , Visakorpi Tapio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOverexpression of the polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) has been found in several malignancies, including prostate cancer, with an aggressive phenotype. Amplification of the gene has previously been demonstrated in several malignancies, but not in prostate cancer. Our goal was to evaluate the gene copy number and expression alterations of EZH2 in prostate cancer. The copy number of EZH2 in cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, PC‐3, 22Rv1), xenografts (n = 10), and clinical tumors (n = 191) was studied with fluorescence in situ hybridization. All cell lines had a gain of EZH2. Eight of the ten xenografts showed an increased copy number of the gene, including one case of high‐level amplification (≥5 copies of the gene and EZH2/centromere ratio ≥2). 34/125 (27%) of untreated prostate carcinomas showed increased copy number, but only one case of low‐level amplification (≥5 copies of the gene and EZH2/centromere ratio <2), whereas half (25/46) of the hormone‐refractory carcinomas showed increased copy number, including seven cases of low‐level amplification and three cases of high‐level amplification (P < 0.0001). Expression of EZH2 was significantly (P = 0.0009) higher in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer compared with that in benign prostatic hyperplasia or untreated cancer, according to quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR assay. Also, the expression of EZH2 protein was found to be higher in hormone‐refractory tumors than in hormone‐naïve tumors by immunohistochemistry. The EZH2 gene amplification was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with increased EZH2 protein expression. The data show that amplification of the EZH2 gene is rare in early prostate cancer, whereas a fraction of late‐stage tumors contains the gene amplification leading to the overexpression of the gene, thus indicating the importance of EZH2 in the progression of prostate cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Porous gelatin–chondroitin–hyaluronate tri‐copolymer scaffold containing microspheres loaded with TGF‐β1 induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo for enhancing cartilage repair
Authors: Fan Hongbin , Hu Yunyu , Qin Ling , Li Xusheng , Wu Hong , Lv Rong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe aim of the study was to produce a novel porous gelatin–chondroitin–hyaluronate scaffold in combination with a controlled release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), which induced the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo for enhancing cartilage repair. Gelatin microspheres loaded with TGF‐β1 (MS‐TGFβ1) showed a fast release at the initial phase (37.4%), and the ultimate accumulated release was 83.1% by day 18. The autologous MSCs seeded on MS‐TGFβ1/scaffold were implanted to repair full‐thickness cartilage defects in rabbits as in vivo differentiation repair group, while MSCs differentiated in vitro were seeded on scaffold without MS‐TGFβ1 to repair the contra lateral cartilage defects (n = 30). Fifteen additional rabbits without treatment for defects were used as control. Histology observation showed that the in vivo differentiation repair group had better chondrocyte morphology, integration, continuous subchondral bone, and much thicker newly formed cartilage layer when compared to in vitro differentiation repair group 12 and 24 weeks, postoperatively. There was a significant difference in histological grading score between these two experimental groups, and both showed much better repair than that of the control. The present study implied that the novel scaffold with MS‐TGFβ1 might serve as a new way to induce the differentiation of MSCs in vivo to enhance the cartilage repair. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Subcutaneous evaluation of RF magnetron‐sputtered calcium pyrophosphate and hydroxylapatite‐coated Ti implants
Authors: Yonggang Yan , Wolke J.G.C. , Yubao Li , Jansen J.A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe in vivo behavior of infrared‐heated, RF magnetron‐sputtered hydroxylapatite (HA) and calcium pyrophosphate (DCPP) coated titanium discs was investigated. The discs were implanted subcutaneously in the back of six goats for 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. At the end of the study, coated discs were removed and examined on their physicochemical properties by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Also, implants were prepared for light microscopical evaluation of the tissue response. The results showed that heat‐treated HA coatings showed a stable behavior, i.e. no changes in the XRD pattern occurred during implantation. Also, no dissolution of the coating was observed by SEM. EDS revealed that the Ca/P ratio of the HA coatings remained stable during implantation. In contrast, heat‐treated DCPP coatings showed a compositional change into apatite and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) during implantation. This was confirmed by the SEM and EDS analysis. The Ca/P ratio of the DCPP coatings changed from 0.8 to 1.52 during implantation. Finally, histology showed that both heat‐treated HA and DCPP coatings showed no adverse tissue response, as characterized by the presence of thin, dense fibrous tissue capsule. Consequently, it can be concluded that 2 μm thick heat‐treated, RF magnetron‐sputtered HA and DCPP coatings are of sufficient thickness to withstand dissolution during 12 weeks of implantation in a subcutaneous location in goats. In addition, both coatings showed a biocompatible tissue behavior. Further, heat‐treated DCPP coatings revealed a gradual compositional change into apatite and TCP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Soluble sustained release gene delivery system
Authors: Bachrach Gilad , Friedman Michael , Gilinski Gladis , Steinberg Doron 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDelivery of genetic substance to target cells remains an obstacle for efficient utilization of gene therapy approaches. In this study, we describe a formulation of methacrylate acid copolymer carrier of DNA, in which the release rate of the gene can be controlled by pH. Plasmid release was coupled with the polymer's dissolution, which was accelerated in alkali conditions. The released plasmid was intact and bioactive, although alteration from closed circular supercoil to relaxed conformation was observed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy detected the plasmid DNA along the central layers of the polymeric film. Gene delivery systems controlled by the dissolution of the polymeric films offer flexibility in quantity and size of the incorporated DNA, and therefore could have a potential for in vivo use. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Molecular and cellular characterization of mesenchymal progenitors for skeletal biomedical devices
Authors: Shur I. , Zilberman M. , Einav S. , Benayahu D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMesenchymal cells are successfully used to create cell‐loaded devices in tissue engineering. Molecular properties of the cells and interaction with polymer scaffolds regulate the development of desired tissues. The present study compared the molecular markers in mesenchymal pleuripotent C3H10T1/2 and osteogenic MBA‐15 cells. The cells express transcription factors (TF) of chondro‐ostegenic pathway (cbfa‐1 and c‐fos) and MyoD ‐ TF of muscle differentiation pathway, but not myogenin. Analyzed cells expressed receptors for glucocorticoids, growth hormone, prolactin, and PTH, which indicates their potential responsiveness to systemic signals. Analysis of mRNA encoding for receptors of TGFβ, TNF, and various interleukins revealed differential expression of IL‐2r and TGFβ‐1r receptors, which were expressed by MBA‐15 but not by C3H10T1/2 cells. Expression of functional genes indicates differences in the stages of cell differentiation: ALK was present in MBA‐15 only, while both cell types expressed collagen‐I. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of adhesion proteins that mediate cell–polymer interactions by flow cytometry analysis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) analyzed were integrinα‐M (CD11b), selectin‐E (CD62E), and PECAM‐1 (CD31), which have shown differential expression on cells cultured on plastic, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(DL‐lactide‐glycolide acid) (PDLGA) polymer films. Detailed molecular characterization of mesenchymal cells will enable optimization of culture conditions for successful creation of implantable cell‐loaded constructs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Secreted frizzled related protein 1 regulates Wnt signaling for BMP2 induced chondrocyte differentiation
Authors: Gaur Tripti , Rich Lillian , Lengner Christopher J. , Hussain Sadiq , Trevant Brune , Ayers David , Stein Janet L. , Bodine Peter V.N. , Komm Barry S. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCanonical Wnt signaling (β‐catenin/TCF) has emerged as a key regulator of skeletogenesis. In this study, chondrogenesis is examined in a mouse model in which the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled related protein 1 (sFRP1) is non‐functional and results in a high bone mass phenotype and activation through the canonical pathway of the Runx2 transcription factor that is essential for bone formation. We find during the period of rapid post‐natal growth, shortened height of the growth plate and increased calcification of the hypertrophic zone (HZ) in the sFRP1−/− mouse, indicating accelerated endochondral ossification. Using mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) induced into the chondrogenic lineage, increased chondrogenesis and accelerating differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the sFRP1−/− MEFs was observed compared to WT cells. The induced maturation of hypertrophic chondrocytes in sFRP1−/− MEFs was inversely correlated to phospho‐β‐catenin levels, indicating involvement of activated canonical Wnt signaling characterized by an increased expression of collagen type 2a1 and Sox 9. However, an absence of Indian hedgehog expression which occurs in WT cells was found. SFRP1−/− cells also exhibited an early induction of collagen type 10a1. Thus, these modifications in gene expression are contributing mechanism(s) for increased chondrocyte differentiation in SFRP1−/− cells. These studies have identified sFRP1 as a critical negative regulator of Wnt signaling for the normal progression of chondrocyte differentiation. Microarray gene profiling provided additional novel insights into the regulatory factors for appropriate Wnt signaling necessary for the control of chondrocyte maturation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased sensitivity to the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor STI571 in chemoresistant glioma cells is associated with enhanced PDGF‐BB‐mediated signaling and STI571‐induced Akt inactivation
Authors: Servidei Tiziana , Riccardi Anna , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Dominici Carlo , Riccardi Riccardo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is a tyrosine kinase, implicated in the development and progression of different tumors, including gliomas. Chemoresistance is a common feature of malignant gliomas. Since receptor tyrosine kinases contribute to chemoresistance in tumors, we addressed whether PDGFR signaling might confer selective growth advantage to chemoresistant cells. The effects of the PDGFR inhibitor STI571 on proliferation and PDGFR signaling were compared in chemosensitive and cisplatin‐selected, chemoresistant sublines derived from glioma and from two other PDGFR‐expressing tumors (ovarian carcinoma and neuroblastoma). The chemoresistant glioma U87/Pt cells were twofold more sensitive to STI571 growth‐inhibitory effects than the chemosensitive U87 cells, and two‐ to threefold more sensitive than five unrelated glioma cell lines. The other two paired cell lines were equally responsive. Sensitization of U87/Pt cells correlated with upregulation of the PDGF‐B isoform and with PDGF‐BB‐induced Akt overactivation, which was prevented by STI571. STI571 specifically inhibited PDGF‐BB‐, but not PDGF‐AA‐ or stem cell factor‐mediated signaling. In serum‐containing medium, STI571 decreased phospho‐Akt in U87/Pt cells, but not in U87, while activating extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) in both. STI571 antiproliferative effects were partially reverted by constitutively active Akt. Cotreatment with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI3K) or mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) resulted in enhanced growth inhibition in glioma cells. Our results suggest that increased PDGF‐BB signaling may sensitize chemoresistant glioma cells to STI571, suggesting a therapeutic potential for STI571 in patients with malignant gliomas refractory to chemotherapy. Simultaneous blockade of PDGFR and PI3K or Erk pathway may enhance therapeutic targeting in gliomas. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FT‐ICRMS distinguishes the mechanism of the charge state reduction for multiply charged protein cations admixed with redox reagents in ESI
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Johnson Robert W. , Bruckenstein Stanley , Wood Troy D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecently, we reported on a phenomenon in which multiply charged protein cations produced by electrospray ionization could be reduced to lower and narrower charge state distributions when admixed with reducing reagents 1,4‐benzoquinone or quinhydrone. Circular dichroism spectra of the proteins indicated that secondary and tertiary structural changes upon addition of these reducing reagents were negligible, thus eliminating conformational effects as playing a role in the charge reduction mechanism. Furthermore, the extent of charge state reduction did not correspond with gas‐phase basicities of the redox reagents, suggesting that solution‐phase, and not gas‐phase, behavior dominates the observed charge state reduction. The relatively low resolution of the triple quadrupole employed did not make it possible to distinguish isotopic distributions of the multiply charged cations in order to determine whether the observed phenomenon was the result of proton‐transfer reactions between the multiply charged cations and the reducing reagent or because of electron transfer from the reducing reagent to the protein cations. Here, high‐resolution ESI‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of several peptide amides in the presence of a redox reagent show isotopic distributions that are consistent only with the proton‐transfer mechanism. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite Magnetic Particles as Carriers for Laccase from Trametes versicolor
Authors: Pich Andrij , Bhattacharya Sanchita , Adler Hans‐Juergen P. , Wage Tobias , Taubenberger Anna , Li Zheng , van Pee Karl‐Heinz , Böhmer Ulrike , Bley Thomas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSummary: In this paper we report a study of laccase immobilisation on different kinds of carrier particles. The immobilisation of enzyme on the particle surface with respect to the immobilisation efficiency and the properties of the immobilised enzymes is discussed. The immobilisation of laccase on polystyrene particles bearing reactive β‐diketone groups is characterised by high efficiency, but grafting of the enzyme increases the stability of the colloidal system, which makes the separation/purification procedure difficult. Additionally, the extreme colloidal stability of the immobilisates hinders the application of such particles with immobilised enzymes in some applications where the recycling of the enzyme should be performed. It has been found that hybrid PS‐AAEM particles equipped with maghemite show similar immobilisation efficiency to that of their analogues without maghemite and can additionally be manipulated in magnetic fields. The activity of the immobilised laccase is much higher in the pH region 5–7 and the temperature range 50–70 °C as compared with that of the free enzyme. Immobilised enzymes also exhibit much better storage stability.SEM images of PS‐AAEM particles before (a) and after (b) laccase immobilisation.imageSEM images of PS‐AAEM particles before (a) and after (b) laccase immobilisation.