bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hermes Chthonios as Eponym of the Skopadae
Authors: Macurdy Grace H. 
Published: May 2006

From the tenth Pythian ode of Pindar we learn that both the Aleuadae, who had their seat of power at Larissa, and the Skopadae, lords of Crannon, once called Ephyra, were descendants of Heracles. These families are chiefly known to us through the poets, and in the case of the Skopadae, from the passage in the Protagoras of Plato in which a poem of Simonides is discussed. The statement of Theocritus, that the great families of Thessaly would be buried in obscurity but for the songs written in their honour, is amply justified:The Aleuadae are more conspicuous and more often mentioned than the Skopadae, who were the younger branch of the Aleuad family, as the Kreondae are the younger branch of the Skopadae at Krannon. Both families appear to have immigrated from Thesprotia. The eponym of the Aleuadae is one of the Thessalian heroes whose story brings them into connexion with the serpent, of whom the most famous is Asklepios. Of him Rohde writes: ‘In Wahrheit ist ursprünglich auch er ein in der Erde hausender thessalischer Ortsdaimon gewesen, der aus der Tiefe, wie viele solche Erdgeister, Heilung von Krankheiten, Kentniss der Zukunft (beides in alter Zeit eng verbunden) heraufsandte.’
Two Attic Epitaphs
Authors: Nock A. D. 
Published: May 2006

For permission to publish these two inscriptions, now in the Epigraphic Museum at Athens, the writer is indebted to Professor Leonardos, Director of the Museum, and to Professor Keramopoullos, who discovered them. His thanks are further due to Dr. J. J. E. Hondius for having resigned a prior right to publication of the second, to Mr. C. T. Seltman for the photograph of the first, to Mr. E. P. Austin for the photograph and measurements of the second, to Mr. A. M. Woodward for his notes, and to Mr. M. N. Tod for valuable criticisms.I. This stele, which is of Pentelic marble, was found in the house of Athanasios Katzoules by the church of S. Spyridon in Athens, in the part anciently called Agra, and was taken thence to the Epigraphic Museum on June 28th, 1914; its number is 12381. In height it measures 48·5 cm. above ground, 32 cm. below, in breadth at base of gable 25 cm., at ground level 29 cm. The greatest width of lettering is 23·5 cm., its average height about 23 mm., and the height of the inscription is 24·5 cm.
A Female Figure in the Early Style of Pheidias
Authors: Gardner Percy 
Published: May 2006

I have to bring before the readers of this Journal a female figure of great interest recently added to the Ashmolean Gallery of Sculpture. Its beauty and dignity will be evident to all who look at the plates (Pls. I., II.). In addition to its beauty it has also special interest, because a discussion of it necessarily involves the whole question of Attic art in the age of Pericles, and particularly of portrait sculpture in that age.The figure comes from the Hope Collection at Deepdene in Surrey, which was sold by auction in July last. It lay unnoticed in the Deepdene mansion, and was not seen by Michaelis when he visited it in 1877, nor by more recent visitors. I have not succeeded in finding any information as to its source; but as many of the Hope sculptures were found in Rome, it is very probable that this comes thence. The restorations are in Italian marble, and were probably executed in Rome. It is wrongly described, and not figured, in the Hope Sale Catalogue.
The Utilisation of Old Epigraphic Copies
Authors: Ramsay W. M. 
Published: May 2006

Some of the most important inscriptions in Central Anatolia, copied by old travellers with fair accuracy, are concealed in the great collections, such as C.I.G., with false or defective transcription in which their value is lost. The object of this article is to illustrate by examples the importance and the right method of re-studying them. In order to show the facts, as the basis for a new restoration (which will in every case be found closer to the original copy than the published transcriptions), brevity is best served in several cases by quoting former transcriptions fully.In using the copies of older travellers the chief principle is to emend as little as possible. Certain letters, however, are liable to be confused by any copyist in a difficult text, and correction in such cases is needed within limits. Also, there is a personal equation which can be established in respect of each. Copyists vary in excellence, some being much more trustworthy than others, and there are certain errors to which some are more prone than others.
A Greek Manuscript describing the Siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683
Authors: Marshall F. H. 
Published: May 2006

I think that those who take an interest in the history of the modern Greek language may possibly welcome a short note on a manuscript in the British Museum, which appears to me to be worth some attention, chiefly perhaps from the point of view of the part played by Greek culture in Roumania in the seventeenth century.The manuscript in question is Add. MS. 38890 in the Department of Manuscripts, British Museum. It was acquired at Hodgson's sale, June 25, 1914, Lot 413, and is from the collection of the Hon. Frederic North, but was later in the possession of Richard Taylor. It is well written and presents but few difficulties of decipherment, and the number of errors is comparatively small. At the end the date of completion is given, viz. December 1686, and the place of writing—Bucharest.I think the general character of the MS. will be best explained by the reproduction of the short preface prefixed to it. I give it here, together with a translation. The pages and lines are those of the MS., and spelling, punctuation and abbreviations are reproduced as they stand, though I have not adhered to the very fluctuating use of the acute and grave accents.
Little-Master Cups
Authors: Beazley J. D. 
Published: May 2006

The word ‘little-master cup,’ as I use it, covers, first, ‘lip-cups,’ ‘band-cups,’ and variants of them; second, ‘Droop’ (or ‘Antidoran’) cups. I shall not deal with Droop cups; for I can add nothing to Ure's admirable study. I confine myself to lip-cups, band-cups, and their variants. Much of what I shall say has been said already, and I draw attention to the concise and accurate treatment which these also have received from Ure.Into the origin of the shapes I do not enter for the present. The forerunner is the Attic ‘Siana cup.’
A Lead Coffin from Palestine in Leiden
Authors: Brants Johanna P. J. 
Published: May 2006

To the readers of this Journal, and in particular to Mr. Avi-Yonah, the author of the paper on Three Lead Coffins from Palestine in JHS. 1930, p. 300, it may be interesting to hear that the Museum of Archaeology at Leiden possesses a well-preserved lead coffin, belonging to the same class as those published in that article. This sarcophagus, which entered the Leiden Museum in 1902, was reported to have been found at Byoud el Saied near Tyre, and shows in many of its main features a great resemblance to the fragments published by Mr. Avi-Yonah as his Pl. XII, a, b, c, d.The four sides and the curved lid of the coffin, though much damaged, are in existence, whilst the bottom has entirely disappeared, as is generally the case with this class of monuments. The long sides measure m. 1·70 by 0·37, the short sides 0·41 by 0·45. The lid was fixed on to the coffin by clamps projecting from the longitudinal sides, two of which are still in place.
The West Pediment of the Parthenon
Authors: Lethaby W. R. 
Published: May 2006

‘No artist will ever surpass Pheidias: progress may exist in the world, but it is not so in Art. The greatest of all sculptors will remain for ever without an equal’ (Rodin).It is agreed that the sculptures of the Western pediment represented, at the centre, the Contest of Athena and Poseidon; that this central action was terminated by two chariot groups, one on the left, the other on the right; and that beyond these were spectators. Further, it is generally accepted that a pair of figures of an old man and a maiden on the left of the central action were meant for Cecrops and one of his daughters. Immediately to the left of Cecrops, between him and the first figure in the angle of the pediment, Nointel's drawing showed a void space, and in a nearly corresponding position in the other half of the pediment the same old drawing recorded another gap (X and Y in Fig. 1). It had been supposed by many students that both spaces might have been left void intentionally; Leake and others thought that one or both would have been filled.
Note on Two Archaistic Reliefs in Oxford
Authors: Beazley J. D. 
Published: May 2006

Miss Hutton's valuable article on the archaistic reliefs in Oxford contains two errors, which may as well be corrected at once. The first was pointed out to me by Mr. W. H. Buckler. Of the left-hand nymph in the representation of Pan teased, Miss Hutton writes that the artist ‘twisted the upper portion of her body round into a three-quarters frontal position, which he balanced by flinging the right arm back to fill the empty space behind the body. There is therefore no physical contact between the first nymph and Pan.’ As a matter of fact she was grasping the end of Pan's leopard-skin with her right hand, just as in the other reliefs with the same subject, and swinging not her right but her left arm back.The second slip is in the account of the Rhodian nymph relief. According to Miss Hutton, ‘the whole surface has been so much rubbed down to conceal damage that the right-hand figure, whose heavy peplos had originally a pleated kolpos with swallow-tail points, appears to be clad in a transparent veil over an equally transparent tunic.’
A Review of Mediaeval and Modern Greek
Authors: Bachtin N. 
Published: May 2006

The Link will appear in May 1938, edited by Nicholas Bachtin. Contributors will include S. Baud-Bovy (Geneva), P. Bizilli (Sophia), T. Castanakis (Paris), P. Chantraine (Paris), R. M. Dawkins (Oxford), R.J. H.Jenkins (Cambridge) J. Humbert (Lille), L. Lacroix (Liége), F. H. Marshall (London), J . Mavrogordato (London), A. Mirambel (Paris), O. Merlier (Athens), D. Talbot Rice (Edinburgh), L. Roussel (Montpellier), G. Theotocas (Athens), P. Vlasto (Liverpool,) A. J . B. Wace (Cambridge).The main object of The Link is to interpret the past of Greece through its present and its present through the past, and thus to reveal the basic unity of Greek civilisation in all its manifestations and throughout its whole development.
The Oriental Origin of Herakles
Authors: Levy G. Rachel 
Published: May 2006

About fifty miles to the north-east of Baghdad, an irregular eminence known as Tell Asmar has covered till recently the town of Eshnunna, which was abandoned to the desert after its destruction by Hammurabi in the twentieth century before Christ. The excavations now being conducted there by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago have unearthed, among other important finds, a number of cylinder seals from early Dynastic and Akkadian levels, of which those reproduced in Fig. 1 and Plate II, 1, together with one seal (Plate II, 2) from the Southesk collection, form the basis of this article.It will be observed that the designs shown in Fig. 1, a Sumerian impression pieced from fragments of clay, and Plate II, 1, an Akkadian stone cylinder of about 2500 B.C., both represent the conquest of a hydra-like monster. The impression has a serpent, two of whose seven heads have already been severed by a crudely-rendered man or god who holds a head in either hand, the stumps being visible above the living heads which still menace him. The scene is placed between friezes of scorpions, among whom is a single-headed snake, while a dragon with scorpion-tail stands behind the hydra, a participant, it may be, in the contest. An almost obliterated inscription in pre-Akkadian signs throws no light on the artist's intention.
Archaeology in Greece, 1947–1948
Authors: Cook J. M. 
Published: May 2006

The year 1947–1948 has been one of limited activity. The presence of rebel bands continues to restrict movement in parts of mainland Greece and the Peloponnese; and the financial policy of the Greek Government has allowed little progress to be made this year in reconstituting the museums. The ban which the Ministry of Education imposed on excavation in Greece has not been withdrawn, though there are signs of a more liberal interpretation of it. On the other hand, the foreign archaeological institutions in Greece have intensified their activities within the limits imposed by present conditions; they have been happily strengthened by the founding on 10th May 1948 of a Swedish Institute in Athens.The Kerameikos Museum is now opened by appointment for students. The principal sculptures of the National Museum have been unpacked in preparation for replacement; an exhibition of early Greek sculptures and works of art was formally opened in the new year; it includes the Delphi charioteer and the new kouros from Anavysos. Additions to Mrs. Stathatou's private collection include a Late Geometric amphora and stamped gold head-band which were found in a grave in the Mesogaia, a small archaic bronze steer's head, and a grave relief of the later fifth century B.C.
Archaeology in Greece, 1929–30
Authors: Payne G. G. 
Published: May 2006

The following account is compiled from various sources: in part from reports kindly supplied by the directors of various excavations, several of whom have generously sent me photographs as well, in part from Prof. Oikonomos' account of the work of the Greek Archaeological Society; I have been enabled to fill gaps through the great kindness of Prof. Karo, Director of the German School, who allowed me to use the proofs of his forthcoming article in the Archäologischer Anzeiger, which contains much detail which I have not attempted to incorporate here.ATHENS AND ATTICAThe year has been marked by the completion of at least one highly important undertaking in Athens—the reconstruction of the northern colonnade of the Parthenon, which was finished, under the direction of M. Balanos, in the spring.Prof. P. Kastriotis has continued his excavations in the Odeion of Pericles, where it has been established that the southern wall is a late restoration (dating from the time of Valerian or Justinian). No trace of the original south wall has been found; this fact and the bad state of preservation of the western wall make a satisfactory reconstruction of the plan impossible.
Archaeology in Greece, 1939–45
Authors: Dunbabin T. J. 
Published: May 2006

Little serious archaeological work has been carried out in Greece during the war years. The Greek Archaeological Service has been obliged to give all its attention to the conservation of sites and works of art, a task carried out with courage and devotion in often very difficult circumstances. The foreign Schools have been able to carry out little work. The many military works carried out by the occupying forces have had a less rich harvest of antiquities than might have been expected. In many cases little information is available beyond the bare fact that excavations were carried out or finds made; no Greek experts were present and the finds were not handed over to the Greek Archaeological Service.This article describes new finds only. It does not cover the damage done by acts of war to monuments and museums, which will be described elsewhere. It does include excavations and finds of 1939–40, which have not yet been reported in JHS, and summarises a number of Greek publications of the war years.I am indebted for information to P. Amandry (on whose articles in BCH lxiv–lxv (1940–1), 231 ff. and lxvi–lxvii (1942–3), 320 ff. this article is largely based), to J. M. Cook and T. W. French, who collected much of the material, to A. D. Keramopoullos and the members of the Greek Archaeological Service of which he is head, who have given information and assistance at every point. I have also made use of the articles in AA 1940, 121 ff.; 1942, 99 ff.
The Orient and Greece
Authors: Hutchinson R. W. 
Published: May 2006

On p. 289 of the last volume of the Journal Dr. Roes refers to the discovery at Nineveh by Dr. Campbell Thompson of large quantities of‘the black-painted ware the like of which is found in South Mesopotamia and Persia,’ in Parthian houses erected among the ruins of the destroyed temple of Ishtar. She discourages Dr. Thompson's suggestion that they were part of the ‘collection’ of a Parthian antiquary and suggests that ‘the discovery must mean that in the days of the Parthians the vases were still being made somewhere.’I also feel sceptical about Dr. Thompson's Parthian antiquary, but think that Dr. Roes probably does not realise the peculiar nature of the site. Quyunjik is an immense mound rising about 100 feet above the bed of the Khosr that flows under it.
ΠΡΗΣΤΗΡΟΣ ΑΥΛΟΣ
Authors: Hall J. J. 
Published: May 2006

Aëtius ii 20.1 (DK 12A21) Aëtius ii 25.1 (DK 12A22), on the moon, is similar, ending It is generally supposed that is the nozzle of a bellows; but G. E. R. Lloyd, Polarity and analogy 313 ff. is doubtful of this interpretation, pointing out that only one, doubtful, parallel can be cited for this meaning of πρηστήρ, and that the nozzle of a bellows does not emit fire. He concludes, however, that if πρηστήρ has its normal, meteorological, sense, ‘it seems impossible to interpret … αὐλός … for this must surely refer to some sort of pipe or tube and this seems quite inappropriate to such phenomena as lightning or whirlwinds … “Bellows” … appears to give the best sense for this difficult phrase’.My purpose here is to show that has a good meteorological sense. According to Aristotle Mete. 371a15 ff., the πρηστήρ is a variant of the τυφῶν, which is a whirlwind (370b22) which forms within a cloud (ib. 28), and, being unable to separate itself from the cloud, descends to the earth, bringing the cloud with it (371a9, ff., and especially 11 ff. ). This seems to be the ‘tornado’ or the ‘waterspout’ of modern meteorology. A tornado is ‘a very intense, progressive whirl, of small diameter … From the violently-agitated main cloud-mass above there usually hangs a writhing funnel-shaped cloud …’ The ‘funnel-shaped cloud’ is presumably the cloud which Aristotle's whirlwind ‘draws down with it’.
Theocritus, Idyll i 81–91
Authors: Williams F. J. 
Published: May 2006

A few years ago R. M. Ogilvie argued against the widely-held view that Theocritus in Idyll i represents the cowherd Daphnis as another Hippolytus, martyred in the cause of Chastity. Nevertheless the view he attacked has been revived in a recent study of Theocritus' pastorals:‘The chaste Daphnis … died rather than submit to Aphrodite … Both Hippolytus and Daphnis are chaste and wish to preserve their purity at all costs, even that of death … Both heroes are deeply committed to chastity … Daphnis … a true tragic hero, resists all temptation and so pines away to his death.
Hoards, Small Change and the Origin of Coinage
Authors: Kraay Colin M. 
Published: May 2006

Numismatists necessarily deal in minute detail, often so minute that it passes unnoticed by those used to a larger scale; yet as much historical knowledge may depend on such minutiae as on the far larger details of sculpture or architecture. This difference of scale, however, is dangerous because it tends to increase the gulf between numismatists, who seem to be pursuing ever smaller details, and historians, who want to be told how coinage may affect the larger picture with which they are concerned. The following pages are an attempt to assemble and evaluate some of the very incomplete, but annually increasing, evidence, which bears on the function and use of coinage in the Greek world in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. The treatment will be divided into three sections:1. Evidence for the movement of coins from their various areas of origin.2. Evidence for the incidence of fractional coinage.3. The implications of 1 and 2 for an understanding of the function of early Greek coinage.
The Population of Athens Again
Authors: Gomme A. W. 
Published: May 2006

Professor A. H. M. Jones in the appendix to his new book (pp. 161–80), Athenian Democracy (see below, p. 182), tackles afresh the problem of the population of Athens during the Peloponnesian war, and introduces three novelties: that the 13,000 hoplites of Thucydides ii 13.6 mean hoplites of the age-classes 20 to 39, not 20 to 49 as most of us, if not all, have assumed from Lykourgos, Leokrates 39–40, and some other evidence; that klerouchoi (but not apoikoi) remained in Athens, drawing rents from their kleroi in the subject states, all now within the hoplite census and included in the 13,000; and, the most important of the three, that to get a true picture of mortality rates and so of the relative strengths of different age-classes we must liken the Athenians to certain groups of persons in the Roman Empire between the first and third centuries A.D. and to India at the beginning of the present century, not to any European country during the last hundred years.Jones takes me to task for suggesting that the at first sight surprising number of ‘oldest and youngest’ in the reserve to whom during the war was allotted the defence of the walls (Thuc. ii 13.7) was in part to be accounted for by the inclusion of all those in the classes 20 to 49 who were not fit for active service in the hoplite ranks, who would be a source of weakness rather than of strength to an army. ‘There are serious objections to this theory’, he says (p. 162). ‘It is in the first place not what Thucydides says. Secondly, it is pure speculation, unsupported by any evidence.’ ‘Let us then’, he adds, ‘set aside this theory and examine the facts afresh.’ This promises well.
Le Peintre D'Altamura au Musée de Lyon
Authors: Dugas Charles 
Published: May 2006

Le Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon possède deux vases dus au Peintre d'Altamura, les Nos. 18 et 37 de la liste des Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters. En souvenir de la visite faite à Lyon, en 1947, par Sir John Beazley, je voudrais publier ici ces documents en les accompagnant de quelques brèves observations.Cratère en calice. Haut.: 0 m. 258. N° d'entrée: E 120 (acheté á Rollin et Feuardent en 1882; payé 800 fr.).—ARV, p. 413/18 (Pl. XXV, XXVI et fig. 1).Vase reconstitué de plusieurs morceaux; quelques repeints peu importants. Lignes noires en relief; points et lignes brun clair, en particulier sur le chiton de Demeter. Rouge mat presque entièrement effacé pour représenter le bouquet d'épis de Triptolème, ainsi que les flammes de la torche de Demeter et de celle que la mènade tient de la main droite; la torche qu'elle tient de la main gauche et la torche de Coré ne semblent pas avoir de flammes.Intérieur et dessous des anses réservés. A l'intérieur du vase, vernis noir sauf une ligne réservée correspondant au ressaut placé à l'extérieur entre la guirlande de lierre et la zone à figures.Autour de l'orifice, guirlande de lierre. Sur la face A, départ de Triptolème: le héros, couronné de myrte, est assis sur un trône roulant ailé; il tient de la main gauche un sceptre et un bouquet d'épis; de la droite il tend une phiale à Demeter. La déesse, vêtue d'un long chiton et portant sur les épaules une draperie retombante, tient d'une main une oenochoé, de l'autre une torche. Derrière Triptolème Coré, vêtue d'un chiton et d'un himation, porte aussi d'une main une oenochoé, de l'autre une torche. Sur la face B, satyre poursuivant une ménade: la ménade, vêtue d'un long chiton à repli et d'une peau de bête tachetée, tient une torche de chaque main; le satyre porte un thyrse de la main droite et sur le bras gauche une peau de bête tachetée. Sur les côtés, au dessus des anses, ornement formé de palmettes et de rinceaux. Au dessous de la zone à figures, rangée d'oves. Au haut et autour du pied, un filet et deux bandes réservés.