bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of resveratrol on epigenetic mechanisms in age‐related diseases: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zhang Sale , Kiarasi Farzam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, various studies have shown that epigenetic changes are associated with aging and age‐related diseases. Both animal and human models have revealed that epigenetic processes are involved in aging mechanisms. These processes happen at multiple levels and include histone modification, DNA methylation, and changes in noncoding RNA expression. Consequently, changes in the organization of chromatin and DNA accessibility lead to the regulation of gene expression. With increasing awareness of the pivotal function of epigenetics in the aging process, researchers' attention has been drawn to how these epigenetic changes can be modified to prevent, stop, or reverse aging, senescence, and age‐related diseases. Among various agents that can affect epigenetic, polyphenols are well‐known phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, and plants. Polyphenols are found to modify epigenetic‐related mechanisms in various diseases and conditions, such as metabolic disorders, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol (RSV) is a member of the stilbene subgroup of polyphenols which is derived from various plants, such as grapes, apples, and blueberries. Therefore, herein, we aim to summarize how RSV affects different epigenetic processes to change aging‐related mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss its roles in age‐related diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases.
Proportional integral observer‐based robust fault‐tolerant consensus for nonlinear two‐time‐scale‐agent systems with heterogeneous sensor faults
Authors: Yang Wu , Chen Jia‐Rui , Wang Yan‐Wu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article studies the fault‐tolerant consensus issue of a class of nonlinear two‐time‐scale‐agent systems with heterogeneous sensor faults and external disturbances. First, the decentralized proportional integral (PI) observer for each agent is constructed to estimate the states and sensor faults simultaneously. Then, a distributed adaptive protocol based on the decentralized PI observer is designed to guarantee the consensus of the underlying systems. Some sufficient existence conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the decentralized PI observer and the fault tolerant consensus protocol. Note that performance index is employed to attenuate the influence of sensor faults and disturbances on state estimation and the consensus of the underlying systems. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by an application example and a numerical example.
Analysis of soil erosion changes and influencing factors based on the CSLE model and GeoDector in Dongjiang River Basin of China
Authors: Li Shuhao , Kang Junfeng , Ye Junliang , He Yang , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoil and water conservation and protection are of great importance to China, as the source of the Pearl and Xiang Rivers, and the main rare earth mining area, the ecology of Dongjiang River Basin, is very fragile. In this paper, the Chinese soil loss equation and the Geodetector method are used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns and the impact factors of soil erosion in this area from 2016 to 2020. The results show that (1) Soil erosion intensity in the Dongjiang River Basin from 2016 to 2020 is mainly mild, with the soil erosion intensity in the Dongjiang River Basin in 2016 being the largest in five years. (2) The erosion modulus shows an increasing trend with the increase of slope. In terms of vegetation, when the vegetation cover is <30%, the soil erosion modulus is the largest, which is easy to induce soil erosion. When the vegetation cover is >60%, the soil erosion modulus is the smallest, which effectively slows down the occurrence of soil erosion. Rainfall is proportional to the soil erosion modulus and soil erosion. (3) The results of Geodetector indicate that the single factor sizes are land use > vegetation > slope > precipitation, and interaction factors all show a nonlinear enhancement. (4) The proper allocation of land use types, the prohibition of steep slopes for cultivation, and the restoration of forestry can effectively prevent and control soil erosion in the area.
Gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship: Effects of the Affordable Care Act reform
Authors: Bao Jiayi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines whether the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health insurance reform reduced the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) entrepreneurship. I argue that the ACA mitigated mobility constraints imposed by employer‐provided health insurance and encouraged entrepreneurship with important contingencies: effects were limited to women because of gender differences in supply‐side cost reduction and demand‐side health insurance needs and were specific to women in STEM (vs. non‐STEM) entrepreneurship because of the human and financial capital needed to navigate insurance markets. Leveraging the ACA quasi‐experiment, I find consistent evidence of a reduced gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, the effects were driven by increased STEM entrepreneurship for married women founding unincorporated businesses. Qualitative interview insights and empirical findings provide explanations for these patterns.Managerial SummaryThis study examines whether the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) entrepreneurial gender gap can be reduced by institutional factors mitigating labor market mobility constraints imposed by employer‐provided work benefits. Through the lens of the US ACA reform, I find that broadened access to more affordable health insurance in the alternative individual insurance markets disproportionately encouraged female (vs. male) STEM (vs. non‐STEM) entrepreneurship, thus reducing the STEM entrepreneurial gender gap. Contrary to common assumptions, this effect is driven by married (vs. unmarried) women and is in unincorporated (vs. incorporated) self‐employment. The findings help discern which groups benefit from policy efforts to promote diversity in STEM entrepreneurship and imply that the effectiveness of employer‐provided work benefits as retention tools is dependent on various worker characteristics.
A facile Immunoregulatory Constructional Design by Proanthocyanidin Optimizing Directional Chitosan Microchannel
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Yuxiang , Zhao Chengkun , Tong Lei , Wang Peilei , Liang Jie , Jiang Qing , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong , Sun Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImproving the interconnected structure and bioregulatory function of natural chitosan is beneficial for optimizing its performance in bone regeneration. Here, a facile immunoregulatory constructional design is proposed for developing instructive chitosan by directional freezing and alkaline salting out. The molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the assembly kinetics and structural features of various polyphenols and chitosan molecules. Along with the in vitro anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, promoting bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion and proliferation performance, proanthocyanidin optimizing chitosan (ChiO) scaffold presented an optimal immunoregulatory structure with the directional microchannel. Transcriptome analysis in vitro further revealed the cytoskeleton‐ and immune‐regulation effect of ChiO are the key mechanism of action on BMSC. The rabbit cranial defect model (Φ = 10 mm) after 12 weeks of implantation confirmed the significantly enhanced bone reconstitution. This facile immunoregulatory directional microchannel design provides effective guidance for developing inducible chitosan scaffolds.
Atomic‐Scale Cryo‐TEM Studies of the Electrochemistry of Redox Mediator in Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Gao Zhiying , Yao Jingming , Yan Jitong , Sun Jun , Du Congcong , Dai Qiushi , Su Yong , Zhao Jun , Chen Jingzhao , Li Xiaomei , Li Hui , Zhang Pan , Ma Jun , Qiu Hailong , Zhang Liqiang , Tang Yongfu , Huang Jianyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRechargeable aprotic lithium (Li)‐oxygen battery (LOB) is a potential next‐generation energy storage technology because of its high theoretical specific energy. However, the role of redox mediator on the oxide electrochemistry remains unclear. This is partly due to the intrinsic complexity of the battery chemistry and the lack of in‐depth studies of oxygen electrodes at the atomic level by reliable techniques. Herein, cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) is used to study how the redox mediator LiI affects the oxygen electrochemistry in LOBs. It is revealed that with or without LiI in the electrolyte, the discharge products are plate‐like LiOH or toroidal Li2O2, respectively. The I2 assists the decomposition of LiOH via the formation of LiIO3 in the charge process. In addition, a LiI protective layer is formed on the Li anode surface by the shuttle of I3−, which inhibits the parasitic Li/electrolyte reaction and improves the cycle performance of the LOBs. The LOBs returned to 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to produce Li2O2 after the LiI in the electrolyte is consumed. This work provides new insight on the role of redox mediator on the complex electrochemistry in LOBs which may aid the design LOBs for practical applications.
MFLion‐DMN: Mayfly Lion‐optimized deep maxout network for prediction of software development effort
Authors: R. Swapna , Polala Niranjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe precise evaluation of predicting software development effort is a serious process in software engineering. The underestimates require more time, which seems to be the negotiation of complete efficient design and complete software testing. Thus, this paper devises a novel model for inspecting the effort taken for the design of software. The Mayfly Lion Optimization (MFLion) algorithm is devised, which ensembles the Mayfly Algorithm (MA) with the Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA) for precise estimation. The deep maxout network (DMN) is adapted wherein the different weights are produced out of which the most suitable is infused considering the MFLion during model training. The optimal features are selected using recursive feature elimination (RFE) wherein the best features are selected and the remaining irrelevant features are eliminated from the list. The proposed MFLion obtained better performance with the smallest mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE) of 5.909 and the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) of 75.505, respectively. Each technique is produced using a separate database generated using the Promise software engineering repository. The outcomes produced from the assessment of the accuracies of models suggested that the MFLion‐DMN is a substitute to forecast software effort, which is extensively devised in engineering platforms.
Metal Nanoparticles Assisted Ultrafast Laser Plasmonic Microwelding of Oxide–Semiconductor Interconnects
Authors: Hu Yifan , Lin Luchan , Xu Jiayi , Hu Siyuan , Ji Junde , Wu Weiqing , Zuo Xinde , Zhang Qianyi , Li Zhuguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntegration of wafer‐scale oxide and semiconductor materials meets the difficulties of residual stress and materials incompatibility. In this work, Ag NPs thin film is contributed as an energy confinement layer between oxide (Sapphire) and semiconductor (Si) wafers to localize the materials interaction during ultrafast laser irradiation. Due to the plasmonic effects generated within constructed dielectric–metal–dielectric structures (i.e., Sapphire–Ag–Si), thermal diffusion and chemical reaction between Ag and its neighboring materials facilitate the microwelding of Sapphire and Si wafers. Ag NPs can be totally sintered within the junction area to bridge oxide and semiconductor, while Al─O─Ag bond and Ag─Si bond are formed at Ag–Sapphire and Ag─Si interfaces, respectively. As‐received heterogeneous joint exhibits a high shear strength up to 5.4 MPa, with the fracture occurring inside Si wafer. Meanwhile, insertion of metal nanolayer can greatly relieve the residual stress‐induced microcracking inside the brittle materials. Such wafer‐scale Sapphire and Si interconnects thus show robust strength and excellent impermeability even after thermal shocking (−40 °C to 120 °C) for 200 cycles. This metal NPs layer‐assisted plasmonic microwelding technology can extend to broad materials integration, which is promising for high‐performance microdevices development in MEMS, MOEMS, or microfluidics.
Ultralong Stability of Ti3C2Tx‐MXene Dispersion Through Synergistic Regulation of Storage Environment and Defect Capping with Tris‐HCl Buffering
Authors: Tan Jiayi , Fan Baomin , Zhang Peng , Wei Yi , Soomro Razium A. , Zhao Xiaoqi , Kumar Jai , Qiao Ning , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous MXene dispersion suffers from a bottleneck issue of oxidation, leading to its gradual deterioration and ultimately compromised physicochemical characteristics. Herein, Tris‐HCl buffer is employed to stabilize the diluted Ti3C2Tx‐MXene dispersion (0.05 mg mL−1) through the synergy of its potent pH‐regulation capability and capping effect toward oxidation‐susceptible defects/edges. Tris‐HCl functionalized Ti3C2Tx maintained its original morphology, structure, and favorable dispersity even after 150 days of aging under naturally aerated conditions. The pH‐regulation nature of Tris‐HCl is elucidated through solution monitoring of Ti3C2Tx dispersion, while the adsorption of Tris‐HCl onto defects/edges is revealed by spectral analysis and multi‐scale simulations. Tris‐HCl at the neutral pH can bind to the negatively charged basal plane of Ti3C2Tx via +HTris moiety, while the other moiety (Tris) interacts with the exposed edge‐based Ti atoms and/or intrinsic defects, forming a Ti─N bond that prevents MXene from attack by H2O and O2. Besides, Tris‐HCl stabilized Ti3C2Tx exhibited nearly identical capacitive characteristics to its freshly‐etched counterpart, indicating the minimal impact of Tris‐HCl on electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx during long‐term storage. This study provides practical guidance for stabilizing MXene in their native aqueous dispersion without compromising the inherent properties.
Structural flexibility identification from impact test data through a subband estimation method
Authors: Xue Ming‐Sheng , Qu Chun‐Xu , Yi Ting‐Hua , Li Hong‐Nan 
Published: February 2024

SummaryFlexibility is an important parameter reflecting bridge load‐carrying capacity. Dynamic testing is a fast and effective method to obtain the structural modal flexibility of small‐ and medium‐span bridges. The Deterministic‐stochastic subspace identification (DSI) algorithm is a well‐established structure identification method in the time domain. However, the estimation of damping, especially the modal scaling factor, is not always reliable due to inevitable measurement noise, which directly affects the identification accuracy of flexibility. This paper proposes a maximum likelihood estimation method in subbands (SMLE), which can be regarded as an add‐on method of the DSI algorithm because the initial parameters are obtained from the DSI algorithm. The processing of frequency band division is implemented first, and the frequency response function curve in each subband of the whole frequency range is fit separately. Then, subband cyclic iteration is proposed to improve the identification accuracy in a closely spaced mode system. The proposed SMLE method maintains the advantages of the DSI algorithm while improving the accuracy of parameter estimation and flexibility identification. Two lumped mass models are used to verify that the proposed method can effectively improve estimates to obtain a precise flexibility matrix and predict the displacement of the structure under static loading. Experimental example of a continuous girder bridge is considered to verify the availability and effectiveness of the proposed method in practice.
Labour shortages amidst unmet demand for decent work
Authors: Feist Lisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChapter 3 provides an assessment of the growing imbalances between the demand for and supply of labour. It documents large discrepancies between labour demand and available supply across advanced economies and key sectors that are slow to resolve and discusses both short‐term and secular factors that affect these imbalances. The chapter suggests a certain number of policy options, including comprehensive skills partnerships between countries to alleviate the global imbalances that exist between countries.
‘Of Gaming and Other Demons’: Defining Children and Young People’s Meaningful Leisure Activities in the Digital Era
Authors: Rustad Mikkel B. , Parsanoglou Dimitris , Symeonaki Maria , Mifsud Louise , Hyggen Christer , Ghetau Cosmin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDigital technologies play an increasingly significant role in the everyday lives and culture of children and young people, but research and societal discussions often focus solely on the perceived risks and concerns associated with their use. This narrow focus does not recognise children’s agency in digital spaces. In this chapter, we address this gap by exploring the meaning children and young people attribute to their leisure-time use of digital technology, from their own perspective. Our study draws on interviews and digital diary data collected in Austria, Greece, Norway, Romania, and the United Kingdom. The findings highlight that children not only perceive digital technologies as a source of entertainment but also as a meaningful part of their leisure activities, enabling communication, socialisation, play, and learning. However, there appears to be a generational gap in the meaning attributed to leisure-time activities, as there is a discrepancy between children’s and parents’ perspectives. Consequently, parents impose restrictions on content and screen time, thereby limiting children’s agency to some extent. Nevertheless, children’s negotiations regarding screen time, content choices, and decisions about whom and what to engage with can be seen as their attempts to expand and assert their agency.
Social Media as a Shaper, Enabler, and Hurdle in Youth Political Participation
Authors: Tiidenberg Katrin , Karatzogianni Athina , Parsanoglou Dimitris , Matthews Jacob , Lepik Kamilla Selina , Raig Madli , Suitslepp Marta Liisab 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores young people’s political participation on and with social media from an ecosystemic perspective. Drawing from an analysis of interviews, ethnographic social media observations, and digital storytelling workshops conducted in Estonia, Greece, and the United Kingdom, we highlight the entanglement of young people’s participatory repertoires with social media, but also with their leisure and school lives and family relationships. We explore how young people invested in issues of racial justice, gender and LGBTQ justice, and climate justice, incorporate or push back against digital technologies, and how that is mediated by their perceptions of social media affordances, imaginary audiences, their sense of self-efficacy, political agency, and digital literacies. The findings shed light on the complex interplay between personal, structural, and environmental factors that shape young people’s political participation, and highlight the situational nature of how activism and politics are defined and the role that social media is attributed within both.
Investigating Patterns of Digital Socialisation During Leisure Through Multimodal Social Research
Authors: Symeonaki Maria , Hyggen Christer , Parsanoglou Dimitris , Mifsud Louise , Stamou Giorgos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers an exploration of the methodological potentials, challenges, and pitfalls associated with conducting multimodal research on patterns of digital socialisation during leisure, while focusing on the involvement of children as co-researchers. A comprehensive research design is suggested for investigating children and young people’s digital leisure activities using a multimodal approach. This design aims to explore communication and representations by leveraging an innovative process of integrating and interpreting information from diverse modalities. This process, known as semantic data integration, allows for a cohesive analysis of multimodal data, enabling a deeper understanding of the subject matter. The design emphasises the active involvement of research contributors, who not only participate as subjects but also play a role as co-researchers. The chapter provides a detailed description and critical assessment of the methodologies adopted across all parts of the fieldwork conducted to investigate children’s online leisure habits and digital technologies use and identifies the significant qualities of a multimodal and multi-method approach. The methods are evaluated to deliver suggestions for practises that can be adopted in having children play an active part through research implementation. Semantic integration is suggested to bridge the gap between different modalities and extract comprehensive understanding of collected data.
Symmetry-Protected Chiral Sensitivity in Photoionization with Bichromatic Fields
Authors: Ordóñez Andrés , Decleva Piero , Ayuso David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider photo-ionization of randomly oriented chiral molecules with bichromatic fields of frequencies $$\omega $$
ω
and $$2\omega $$
2
ω
linearly polarized perpendicular to each other. Our symmetry analysis reveals a new type of enantio-sensitive signal in the photoelectron angular distribution which does not change its sign upon reversal of the two-color relative phase, i.e. upon reversal of the instantaneous ellipticity of the field. We provide a numerical estimate of the effect in methyloxirane, and propose an experimental setup for its measurement.
Dynamics via Attosecond Four-Wave Mixing
Authors: Gaynor James D. , Fidler Ashley P. , Lin Yen-Cheng , Puskar Nicolette G. , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAttosecond four-wave mixing spectroscopy is a relatively new technique for studying ultrafast dynamics of highly excited states with exquisite temporal precision and spectral resolution. The attosecond four-wave mixing technique, as described in this paper, uses non-collinear beam geometries of one attosecond pulse together with two optical pulses to obtain background-free, spatially isolated emission signals in the extreme ultraviolet range that directly resolve coherent dynamics in the time domain. This method is advantageous by avoiding the strong spectral modulations that often complicate the interpretation of collinear attosecond transient absorption studies while also enabling greater control over the spatial and temporal characteristics of each light-matter interaction used to probe the ultrafast processes. This paper describes a broad range of attosecond four-wave mixing experiments performed in gas phase atoms and molecules, and a recent extension into solids.
Optical Control of Autoionizing States in Argon
Authors: Yanez-Pagans S. , Cariker C. , Harkema N. , Shaikh M. , Argenti L. , Sandhu A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe use tunable attosecond transient absorption to study the autoionizing polaritonic states in argon. Our approach provides new avenues for optical control of autoionization dynamics in polyelectronic systems. We highlight the stabilization of autoionizing states as a function of the detuning and time-delay of the dressing laser pulse. Furthermore, we use the relative polarization between the pump and probe pulses to control the branching of the polaritons, where the selection rules allow us to include or exclude specific states from the radiative coupling.