bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic Congenital Spherocytosis Associated with Congenital Hypoplastic Thrombocytopenia and Malformations
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM ROLF , STRINDBERG BENGT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of congenital hypoplastic thrombocytopenia associated with a hemolytic disease and congenital malformations are described. In one of the children, there was a deformity of the forearms due to absence of both radii; and in the other, there was a severe cardiac malformation and hydronephroses.Studies of the hemolytic disease in both cases revealed features typical of congenital spherocytosis although there were no indications of inheritance.The relation of this syndrome to other similar clinical conditions and its possible pathogenesis is discussed.Microsphérocytose congénitale sporadique associee à une thrombocytopénic hypoplastique et à des malformations congénitales.Les auteurs donnent la description de deux cas de thrombocytopénie congénitale accompagnée ?ictère hémolytique et de malformations congénitales. Un de ces en‐fants présentait une malformation des avant‐bras dont les deux radius étaient absents; le second était atteint ?une malformation cardiaque sévère et ?hydronéphrose. Ľexamen de ľictère hémolytique a fait apparaitre dans les deux cas des signes de microsphéerocytose congénitale; on n'a cependant découvert aucun indice qui permette de dire qu'il s'agissait là?affections héréditaires. Les auteurs examinent ensuite les relations qui peuvent exister entre ce syndrome et ?autres états cliniques analogues, puis ils étudient les hypothèses que Ton peut faire en ce qui concerne sa pathogénèse.Sporadisch auftretende angeborene Sphärocytose verbunden mit angeborener hypoplasti‐schen Thrombocytopenie und Missbildungen.Es werden zwei Fälle von angeborener hypoplastischen Thrombocytopenie in Ver‐bindung mit hämolytischer Krankheit und kongenitalen Missbildungen beschrieben. Bei einem der Kinder bestand eine Missbildung der Vorderarme, bedingt durch die Abwesenheit beider Radii, beim anderen eine schwere Herzmissbildung und Hydro‐nephrose. Untersuchungen der Natur der hämolytischen Krankheit in beiden Fällen ergaben typische Befunde für angeborene Sphärocytose, wenn auch ohne Anzeichen von Erblichkeit. Das Verhältnis dieser Syndrome zu änderen ahnlichen klinischen Zuständen und die mögliche Pathogenese werden erörtert.Esferocitosis congénita esporádica asociada con trombocitopenia hipoplástica congénita y malformaciones.Descripción de dos casos de trombocitopenia hipoplástica congénita asociada con una enfermedad hemolítica y malformaciones congénitas. Uno de los niños presentaba una deformidad en ambos antebrazos, debida a la ausencia del hueso radio; el otro niño presentaba una malformación cardiaca grave e hidronefrosis. El estudio de la enfermedad hemolítica en ambos casos reveló aspectos típicos de esferocitosis congénita, aunque no hubieran indicaciones hereditarias. Discusión de la relación este síndrome con otras condiciones clinicas similares y probable patogénesis.
Electrocardiographic Studies in the Healthy Newborn
Authors: MICHAÉLSSON MAGNUS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn electrocardiographic study was performed on 56 healthy children during their first week of life. Recordings were made repeatedly on every child using a long recording time. Leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, VI, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 were recorded.Extreme fluctuations of the heart rate, a high frequency of sinus arrhythmia and supraventricular arrhythmia, signs of right ventricular hypertrophy, extremely low T waves with significant T wave changes during the first week and in some cases prolonged Q‐T intervals were observed. My thanks are due to Å. Gyllensward, M. D., for advice and criticism.
Further Observations on the Bacteriology of Impetigo and Pemphigus Neonatorum
Authors: PARKER M. T. , WILLIAMS R. E. O. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySix hundred and nine impetigo lesions were examined bacteriologically and the presence in them of certain types of Staph. aureus and of Str. pyogenes thought to be specifically associated with impetigo was determined.On the basis of the bacteriological find‐ ings, 47%of the cases were considered to be staphylococcal, 21 %streptococcal and 11 %mixed. No specific pathogen was iso‐ lated from 21%.Among children seen in school minor ailment clinics, staphylococcal cases predominated when impetigo was prevalent, but a t all times a fifth or more of the cases were streptococcal. Cases referred to the out‐patient department of a skin hospital were, however, nearly all staphylococcal. It is probable that impetigo includes a more severe, often bullous, skin infection due to Staph. aurew Type 71, and a less severe condition associated with certain types of Str. pyogenes.Staph. aurew Type 71 was also responsible for a number of outbreaks of skin infection among newborn infants in hospital. Cases were of all degrees of severity from a mild vesicular eruption to a fully developed pemphigus neonatorum, and a few cases of generalised exfoliative dermatitis were seen.Similar cases due to Type 71 were occasionally seen in domiciliary practice, infected either from the midwife or from an older child with staphylococcal impetigo.The characteristic skin lesion caused by Xtaph. aureus Type 71 is an intraepidermal vesicle or bulls with little inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.
Growth Changes in the Mongoloid Head1
Authors: ROCHE A. F. , SEWARD F. S. , SUNDERLAND S. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. The growth of the head has been investigated in 148 white Australian mongo‐loids.2. The maximum head breadth was within the normal range (± 2.8.D.) over approximately the first year. In comparison with normal children, the increase for males was then less rapid until the age of five years, more rapid until the age of nine years, after which no continuing increase was observed. In the female group, the changes were similar except for a slight increase throughout the period studied.3. During first few months of life the maximum head length was almost normal. It then increased much more slowly than in normal children until about the age of five years after which both groups showed approximately equal rates of increase.4. The breadth‐length index increased rapidly during the first few months of life to become much higher than in normal children, but variable. Most mongoloids are brachycephalic or hyperbrachycephalic, but examples of mesocephaly and do‐lichocephaly were observed.5. The horizontal head circumference was normal until about the age of one year, but between this and the fifth year it increased more slowly than in normal children after which the rate of increase was approximately the same.
The Cellular Excretion in the Urine of Normal Newborn Infants
Authors: AAS KJELL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryUrine sediment counts were made in 380 specimens collected from 114 male and 27 female infants during the first 10 days after birth. In some the Addis counts were calculated. This method is considered inaccurate and erroneous in infants, however, and it is advocated that the findings should be expressed in cells per cubic millimetre. The counts found in the norma, l newborn infants are tabulated and the results are discussed. The range of normal sediment counts found exceeds that set for older children and adults in earlier publications.
A Study of Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus Carriers Among School Children: Part II. Significance of the Findings1
Authors: MOZZICONACCI P. , GERBEAUX CL. , CARAVANO R. , GERBEAUX S. , LABONDE J. , RAHMAN S. , RABCYNSKA F. , ORSSAUD E. , VIROLLEAU P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn the course of a study pursued for 2 consecutive years in normal children of a suburban public school of the Paris area, the following findings were noted: (1) when the technique used was sufficiently sensitive, the rate of healthy carriers was relatively high: 16.7% on an average, with a range of 6.7% to 30%. (2) this percentage seemed to present variations during the course of the year which are perhaps due to a seasonal factor. (3) the cumulative percentage was such that at the end of two years more than one subject in two was found, to have been a carrier of hemolytic streptococci at least once. (4) there was no correlation between the rate of carriers and the development of clinical infections (septic sore throat, scarlet fever). (5) the subjects fell into 4 groups: refractory subjects, occasional carriers, prolonged carriers of the same strain, prolonged carriers of different strains. (6) a “prolonged carrier”) factor was found to exist statistically, i.e. certain subjects were particularly receptive to the Group A hemolytic streptococcus, or conversely, certain subjects were refractory. (7) within the scope of our study this factor was found together with various other independent correlations. Of these, the correlations with the presence of tonsils and with bad conditions of hygiene (absence of running water in the child's home) were hardly surprising; that with a genetic factor (dark iris) was more unexpected, but has been established on equally as sound a basis.
Aplastic Anemia Treated with Anabolic Steroids and Corticosteroidsl
Authors: SEIP MARTIN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo patients with aplastic anemia (one of them suffering from familial Fanconi anemia) are presented, in whom treatment with anabolic steroids and corticosteroids resulted in marked improvement. Our limited experience indicates that methan‐drostenolone produces much fewer side effects and may be as effective as testosterone in this condition.
Premature Twins with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheo‐esophageal Fistula
Authors: WOOLLEY MORTON M. , CHINNOCK ROBERT F. , PAUL RICHARD H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTo our knowledge, this is the first reported case of esophageal atresia occurring in both members of a pair of twins. These twins appear to be genetically identical because of their general appearance, sex, identical anomaly, and identical serologic genotypes. Genetic predisposition for esophageal atresia in twins would seem to be possible from this study. Heretofore, it has been thought that esophageal atresia in one of identical twins has been a developmental defect rather than a genetically transmitted one. Staged therapy for the premature infant with esophageal atresia increases the chance of survival of these infants.
The Diagnosis and Course of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Benign Aseptic Arthritis in Children1
Authors: HELLSTRÖM BO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDiagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis adapted for the features of the disease in children have been suggested and used for a classification in a follow‐up examination. This study comprised 87 cases of aseptic arthritis of at least three weeks duration hospitalized in pediatric departments in Stockholm during 1952–1957. Those not fulfilling the criteria were labelled benign aseptic arthritis. They were compared with the rheumatoid arthritis cases as to the early clinical picture and the prognosis. The entirely different course in the two groups indicates that the suggested classification is of value in the prognostic prediction in cases of aseptic arthritis in children.
Respiratory Studies in Newborn Infants. II: Pulmonary Ventilation and Mechanics of Breathing in the First Minutes of Life, Including the Onset of Respiratio1
Authors: KARLBERG P. , CHERRY R. B. , ESCARDÓ F. E. , KOC G. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Respiratory volume changes and intra‐esophageal pressure changes have been simultaneously recorded beginning before or during the first breaths in 18 infants.2. Respiratory adaptive changes for successful extra‐uterine existence occur rapidly. Some of the features are summarized below.3. The average air exchange in the first 20 seconds after the first breaths is 2–3 times the resting minute volume observed later in the neonatal period.4. A residual volume is established in some infants beginning with the first breath. In others this was not recorded and evidence is presented which suggests it may occur prior to the first breath.5. The total pressure change of the first breath ranged from 40–100 cm O. In succeeding breaths this decreased. Typical pressure‐volume diagrams (“respiratory loops”) are illustrated and their possible significance discussed.6. During the first few breaths the lung compliance was one‐fifth to one‐third and the pulmonary flow resistance 24 times that found in older neonates.
The Incidence of External Hernias in Premature Infant1
Authors: WALSH S. ZOE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryData on the incidence of external hernia during the first year of life in 82 healthy premature infants is presented. Twenty per cent of the infants had either inguinal or umbilical hernia, or both. Infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth were found to have a higher incidence of inguinal hernia. This is attributed to incomplete obliteration of the processes vaginal is as a result of premature birth. Infants weighing more than 1500 g at birth had a higher incidence of umbilical hernia. The incidence of inguinal hernia appears to be significantly increased in premature infants. Contrary to other reports, the incidence of umbilical hernia in this series of premature infants does not appear to be greater than that reported in full term infants.
Effect of Synkavit1Vikastab2on Bilirubin and Plasma Prothrombin
Authors: DYGGVE HOLGER V. , SØNDERGAARD EBBE , DAM HENRIK 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAlkali salts of menadiol bisulfate are less efficient than the tetrasodium salt of menadiol biphosphate in lowering elevated prothrombin times in experimental animals and newborn infants when given parenterally.The reported lower hyper bilirubinemic effect of menadiol bisulfate in premature infants is believed to be related to its slower action on the elevated prothrombin time.Among the compounds having a fast action on the prothrombin time and no hyperbilirubinemic effect, vitamin seems to be particularly suitable for parenteral treatment of the hypoprothrombinemic premature infant.
Studies on Erythro‐Kinetics in Infancy1
Authors: GARBY LARS , SJÖLIN STIG , VUILLE JEAN‐CLAUDE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo new methods for determination of the relative rates of synthesis of haemoglobins F and A are described. One method is based on the relative rates of appearance of intravenously injected radioiron into circulating HbF and HbA. The other is based on estimates of the relative content of HbF and HbA in circulating reticulo‐cytes. The two methods show good agreement.The relative rate of synthesis of HbF and HbA was measured in 19 infants aged between 0 and 20 weeks. At birth, the relative synthetic rate of HbF was about 50–65 % of the total haemoglobin synthesis. After birth there was a gradual decrease in the relative rate of HbF synthesis, but, even at the age of 100–140 days, about 5 % of the total haemoglobin synthesis consisted of foetal haemoglobin.
Respiratory Studies in Children. IV: Lung Volumes and Body Positions in Healthy Children
Authors: GEUBELL F. , GOFFIN C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe lung volumes were measured in nine healthy children (16 determinations) and nine healthy adults (15 determinations) in the sitting, supine and prone positions. The statistical significance of the differences observed in the three body positions was tested. When the healthy child is tilted from the sitting to the supine position, the resting expiratory level is lowered and the expiratory reserve volume decreases significantly. The decrease of vital capacity and the total lung capacity is less significant. The aspiratory capacity increases but lees significantly; the residual volume is unchanged. The values in the prone position are the same as in the sitting position. These results have been compared with those observed in the adults; the changes are in the same direction but the magnitude and the significance of the differences are not the same.
Sexual Maturation of Israeli Boys of European and Middle Eastern Origin. Preliminary Study
Authors: LARON ZVI 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTwo hundred and forty‐two Israeli boys aged from 9 to 16 years were examined for the presence of secondary sexual characters. It was found that boys born to parents originating from Israel or other Mid‐Eastern countries are sexually mature earlier than boys born to parents who immigrated from Europe during the last 20 years.
The Blood Volume of the Newborn Infant and Placental Transfusion
Authors: USHER ROBERT , SHEPHARD MICHAEL , LIND JOHN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYSerial blood volume measurements were made in 27 normal full‐term newborn infants using iodinated human albumin. At the moment of birth the newborn infant was estimated to have a blood volume of 78 ml/kg with a venous hematocrit of 48 %. When the cord‐clamping was delayed for 5 minutes the blood volume increased by 61 % to 126 ml/kg. This placental transfusion amounted to 166 ml for a 3500 g infant, one‐quarter of which occurred in the first 15 seconds, and one‐half within 60 seconds of birth. Stripping of the umbilical cord 10 times during the 5 minutes did not increase the volume of the transfusion.When the placental transfusion was prevented by immediate clamping of the cord, the blood volume did not change appreciably during the first 4 hours of life. On the other hand, there was a marked decrease in blood volume from 126 to 89 ml/kg during the first 4 hours in infants who had received a placental transfusion. This decrease was brought about by the transudation of one‐half of the original plasma volume, so that the venous hematocrit rose from 48 % at birth to 64 % by 4 hours.In all but three of the infants studied there was an increase in blood volume between 4 and 24 hours of age which was due to an increase in plasma volume averaging 22 ml per infant. There was no appreciable change in blood volume between 24 and 72 hours of age.The red cell volume remained stable during the first three days of life in each of the infants; those who had received a placental transfusion maintained a red cell volume about 60 % larger than those who had not.At 72 hours of age the blood volume had stabilized after the plasma shifts of the first day of life, and the range of values extended from 75 to 107 ml/kg. This variation between individuals was due in large part to differences in hematocrit which ranged from 39 % to 67 %, and these in turn were related to the volume of placental transfusion.Average values at 72 hours for infants who had received no placental transfusion were 82 ml/kg blood volume, 31 ml/kg red blood cell volume, 51 ml/kg plasma volume, and 44 % venous hematocrit. For infants who had received a placental transfusion they were 93 ml/kg blood volume, 49 ml/kg red blood cell volume, 44 ml/kg plasma volume, and 60 % venous hematocrit.
Red Cell Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glutathion Stability in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: ENGLESON GUNNAR , KJELLMAN BENGT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBetween March 1961 and March 1962 the activity of G‐6‐P‐D of the erythrocytes from normal and jaundiced newborns was assayed with the aid of a semiquantitative screen test. During the latter half of the investigation, Beutler's GSH Stability Test was also used. The material consisted of normal, non‐icteric newborns and of newborns with varying degrees of hyperbilirubinaemia of unknown aetiology. Sixteen out of these had maximal serum bilirubin values of 20 mg/100 ml or more and 62 had serum bilirubin values between 15 and 20 mg/100 ml. No certain case with deficient G‐6‐P‐D activity in the erythrocytes has been found.
Late Otological Sequelae of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: RANTA JAAKKO , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn otological follow‐up study in 1956 and 1959—62 of 103 children treated for and cured of tuberculous meningitis in 1949—54 is presented. Impaired hearing was observed in 63 per cent, severe loss of hearing in 15 per cent and total deafness in 7 per cent. In 36 per cent there was a hearing loss of more than 10 dB in the speech range (500—2,000 cps). The initial and the follow‐up results of otological investigations were in close accordance with each other — only in 3 cases was there some improvement and in 11 some deterioration of hearing. The cases with hearing loss were evenly distributed between the different age groups excepting the youngest one — 0—12 months — which displayed a considerably lower frequency of impaired hearing as a whole but a much higher frequency of severe hearing loss. There was no correlation between hearing sequelae and the duration of meningeal symptoms prior to hospitalization or the severity of the disease on admission. There was, however, a correlation between the frequency of hearing sequelae and the daily and total doses of streptomycin given: the frequency of hearing loss was 49 per cent (severe hearing loss 22 per cent) when 50 mg/kg daily was used compared with an incidence of 15 per cent (severe hearing loss in 4 per cent) when 10—20 mg/kg of streptomycin was used intramuscularly and 1—3 mg/kg intrathecally daily.No correlation was found between loss of hearing and neurological, mental, eye or EEG disturbances.Disturbances of vestibular function were found in 54 per cent altogether and they were severe in 31 per cent.Five of the 15 children with severe hearing loss used hearing aids with considerable success, 3 got along without them in ordinary schools and 10 children attended schools for the deaf.
Late Psychological and Psychiatric Sequelae of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: PENTTI RIITTA , DONNER MÄRTA , VALANNE EERO , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe psychological and psychiatric sequelae of tuberculous meningitis in 103 children were studied by thorough clinical follow‐up examinations at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and extensive correspondence with the parents and teachers of the children. Forty five per cent of the series were found to be of subnormal or borderline intelligence. The achievements of those attending school were, on the whole, comparable with those of the siblings and classmates. Only 4 children were found to be severely mentally disturbed — of these 1 has greatly improved in the last 2 years — and 17 were slightly disturbed. Mental retardation was found to be more frequent in the youngest age groups (under 3 years of age) and social re‐adjustment problems more frequent in the older age groups, particularly the school‐age children. The latter seemed to pose the major problems in this series, especially the cases with major intellectual, sensory or motor handicaps.
Late Radiological Findings after Recovery from Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: HEIKEL PER‐ERIK , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe results of skull x‐ray examinations of 101 children recovered from tuberculous meningitis are reported. The roentgenological re‐examinations were performed 6—12 1/2 years after the disease, and were repeated later in several cases. Intra‐cranial calcifications were found in 26 per cent. Of these, 4 children showed extensive calcified plots, including 1 with intracerebral calcifications. The occurrence of intracranial calcified plots was not correlated with the sex, the duration of meningeal symptoms prior to hospitalization, or the treatment of the patients; nor was it correlated with increased intracranial pressure during the disease or with the late mental and otological sequelae of the disease. Positive correlations were, however, found between the development of intracranial calcifications and the age at the onset of the disease, the state on admission, trephination, occurrence of convulsions and late neurological, EEG and ophthalmological sequelae.