bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A score‐based method for quality control of fetal images at routine second‐trimester ultrasound examination
Authors: Salomon L. J. , Winer N. , Bernard J. P. , Ville Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of score‐based quality control for routine standardized fetal ultrasound images obtained in the second trimester of pregnancy.Study DesignIn France, a minimum of three biometrical and six anatomical standardized ultrasound planes are to be produced with any mid‐trimester scan. All anatomical standardized ultrasound images, routinely obtained by one trained operator at 20 to 24 weeks, were stored prospectively during a 1‐year period. Twenty‐five examinations containing these images were later randomly selected. These were then analyzed by two reviewers, according to predefined criteria agreed upon on the basis of established standards. This yielded a total score of up to 32 points. Feasibility, inter‐ and intra‐reviewer reproducibility were analyzed.ResultsRoutine second‐trimester ultrasound examinations numbering 1160 performed over a one year period by one trained sonographer unaware of the subsequent study at the time the images were recorded and stored in a database. Among the 150 images randomly selected and analyzed, adjusted kappa values were above 0.8 for 27 (84%) and 30 (94%) criteria, intra‐class correlation coefficient was 0.86 (0.75; 0.96) and 0.98 (0.94; 1) and the mean difference (95% CI) in score was − 0.44 (−3.0; 2.1) and − 0.2(−2; 1.6) for inter‐ and intra‐reviewer comparisons respectively.ConclusionA quality control policy based on image scoring is feasible and allows for good inter‐ and intra‐reviewer reproducibility. Besides its potential for audit and quality control, this could also be useful during the training process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of negative index material lenses based on metallo‐dielectric nanotubes
Authors: Sergentu V. V. , Tiginyanu I. M. , Ursaki V. V. , Enachi M. , Albu S. P. , Schmuki P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe propose to assemble negative index materials (NIMs) from dielectric nanotubes with inner and outer surfaces covered by thin metallic films. The focusing properties of flat and concave lenses assembled from metallized titania nanotubes are compared with those of lenses made from nanorods with the refractive index n = –1 by performing numerical calculations using a multiple‐scattering approach. Focusing is proved for both types of lenses, however, the focusing properties of concave lenses are better. The lenses are shown to be tolerant to the introduction of disorder in the arrangement of nanotubes. Moreover, the disorder proves to improve the quality of the focal spot. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of preservation methods on stable isotope signatures in bird tissues
Authors: Bugoni Leandro , McGill Rona A. R. , Furness Robert W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIncreasing use is being made of stable isotopes as indicators of habitat use and trophic ecology of animals. Preservation of tissues can alter stable isotope signatures. We investigated the effects of addition of ethanol and NaCl solution (hereafter ‘salt’), and of freezing and drying, on carbon and nitrogen isotopic values in blood of the spectacled petrel Procellaria conspicillata, and compared these with those from simultaneously growing feathers. The mean δ13C values of blood preserved in ethanol was significantly higher, and of blood preserved in salt was significantly lower than that of dried or frozen samples. δ13C values in ethanol showed high variation according to brand and batch and could account for the differences found in δ13C ratios in ethanol‐preserved blood samples. Mean δ13C and δ15N values in growing feathers were higher than in blood, suggesting tissue‐specific fractionation. We conclude that different methods of preserving tissues such as blood may bias stable isotope values, and urge researchers to consider this issue. Air drying is proposed as a practical and unbiased method for blood preservation in field situations where freezing is not a practical option, and a mathematical approach is suggested to permit comparison between studies using different preservation methods or tissues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Path unaware layered routing protocol (PULRP) with non‐uniform node distribution for underwater sensor networks
Authors: Gopi Sarath , Kannan G. , Chander Deepthi , Desai U. B. , Merchant S. N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe propose path unaware layered routing protocol (PULRP) for 2D underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) with mobile nodes. The steady‐state distribution of mobile nodes in UWSNs is nonuniform in general. Hence, we use a mobility model‐dependent node distribution. The proposed PULRP algorithm consists of two phases. In the first phase (layering phase), a layering structure is presented which is a set of concentric circles, around a sink node. The radii of the concentric circles are chosen based on equal distribution of nodes in every layer. A distributed power control mechanism is also introduced. The power level of nodes in a particular layer is chosen such that communication occurs only with nodes in the next layer. In PULRP, we consider multihop communication from source to sink. Therefore, in the second phase (communication phase), we propose a method to choose the intermediate relay nodes and an on the fly routing algorithm for packet delivery from source node to sink node across the chosen relay nodes. The proposed algorithm, PULRP finds the routing path on the fly and hence, it does not require any fixed routing table, localization, or time synchronization processes. We demonstrate the performance of PULRP using random waypoint (RWP) mobility model in a simulated underwater environment. Our findings show that the proposed algorithm has considerably better throughput (successful packet delivery rate) compared to the underwater diffusion (UWD) algorithm for various node densities as well as node velocities. In addition, the delay performance of PULRP is also better than that of UWD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving sourcing decisions in NPD projects: Monetary quantification of points of difference
Authors: Wouters Marc , Anderson James C. , Narus James A. , Wynstra Finn 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDuring new product development (NPD), firms make critical design and sourcing decisions that determine the new product's cost, performance, competitive position, and profitability. The purchase price of materials and components for the new product provides only part of the picture for design and sourcing decisions. All‐encompassing analyses of cost and performance, such as total cost of ownership, are extraordinarily difficult to implement because they are demanding in terms of time, data and cooperation. We study monetary quantification of points of difference, which enables an NPD team to base its decisions instead on more focused, strategically‐pertinent analyses of costs and performance. We propose a substantive model of its antecedents and consequences. We then test this model with data from matched samples of 144 project leaders and 144 cost analysts who participated in the same NPD projects. Using structural equation modeling, we also test hypothesized differences in perspectives between project leaders and cost analysts. Results demonstrate the pivotal role of monetary quantification of points of difference among the sourcing alternatives being considered, especially for cost analysts. Results also demonstrate that Decision Justification to senior management drives the NPD team's decision‐making process. Finally, monetary quantification of points of difference leads to Uncertainty Reduction, which is found to be the primary antecedent of the judged success of applying analysis of cost and performance.
A Joyful and Exhilarating Ride: An Interview with Frank J. Vattano
Authors: Dik Bryan J. 
Published: July 2008

Frank J. Vattano is Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Emeritus University Distinguished Teaching Scholar at Colorado State University (CSU), his undergraduate alma mater. He earned his PhD in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and served as Associate Dean of Arts and Sciences and Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs at the University of Denver before returning to CSU as Assistant Academic Vice-President for Instructional Services and later as Dean of the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. He returned to teaching full-time in 1987 and served as coordinator of CSU's Introduction to Psychology course, which has an annual enrollment of more than 3,000 students. He developed, along with his colleagues, the widely adopted video teaching modules The BRAIN (Vattano, Bennett, & Butler, 1997), The MIND (Vattano, Bennett, & Butler, 2000), The Social Connection (Vattano, Bolt, & Myers, 2002), and The Many Faces of Psychology (Bolt & Vattano, 2003). Vattano is a Fellow of APA Divisions 1 and 2. He earned numerous teaching awards from CSU, received the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Award, and was named Colorado Professor of the Year in 1999. In 2001, he was honored with the American Psychological Foundation Distinguished Teaching of Psychology Award. Bryan J. Dik is an assistant professor of Counseling Psychology in the Department of Psychology at Colorado State University, where he teaches vocational psychology, career assessment and counseling, personality psychology, and the psychology of religion. He received his BA from Calvin College and his PhD from the University of Minnesota. His scholarship has focused on the measurement of vocational interests, person–environment fit theories of work adjustment, and basic and applied research related to approaching work as a calling or vocation. In addition to his teaching and research endeavors, he provides clinical supervision for graduate students in counseling psychology and serves as co-advisor of CSU's chapter of Psi-Chi.
MetaRoute: fast search for relevant metabolic routes for interactive network navigation and visualization
Authors: Blum Torsten , Kohlbacher Oliver 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Summary: We present MetaRoute, an efficient search algorithm based on atom mapping rules and path weighting schemes that returns relevant or textbook-like routes between a source and a product metabolite within seconds for genome-scale networks. Its speed allows the algorithm to be used interactively through a web interface to visualize relevant routes and local networks for one or multiple organisms based on data from KEGG.
Availability: http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Services/MetaRoute.
Contact: blum@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary details are available at http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Services/MetaRoute
MetalDetector: a web server for predicting metal-binding sites and disulfide bridges in proteins from sequence
Authors: Lippi Marco , Passerini Andrea , Punta Marco , Rost Burkhard , Frasconi Paolo 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Summary: The web server MetalDetector classifies histidine residues in proteins into one of two states (free or metal bound) and cysteines into one of three states (free, metal bound or disulfide bridged). A decision tree integrates predictions from two previously developed methods (DISULFIND and Metal Ligand Predictor). Cross-validated performance assessment indicates that our server predicts disulfide bonding state at 88.6% precision and 85.1% recall, while it identifies cysteines and histidines in transition metal-binding sites at 79.9% precision and 76.8% recall, and at 60.8% precision and 40.7% recall, respectively.
Availability: Freely available at http://metaldetector.dsi.unifi.it
Contact: metaldetector@dsi.unifi.it
Supplementary Information: Details and data can be found at http://metaldetector.dsi.unifi.it/help.php
Mapping dietary habits may provide clues about the factors that determine food choice
Authors: Hackett A. , Boddy L. , Boothby J. , Dummer T. J. B. , Johnson B. , Stratton G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground  Food deserts are thought to be a barrier to making healthier food choices. This concept has been challenged. The interaction between the physical environment and children’s food choice has received little attention. The present study used food intake data to generate hypotheses concerning the role of the physical environment in food choice.Methods  A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted of the dietary habits of Year 5 (9–10‐year‐old) children from 90 of Liverpool’s 118 primary schools. Individuals with the ‘best’ and ‘worst’ food choices were mapped and two areas associated with these extreme choices located.Results  One thousand five hundred and thirty‐five children completed the dietary questionnaire and supplied a full and valid postcode. Two adjacent areas with relatively large numbers of children in the ‘best’ and ‘worst’ food choice groups were chosen. Both areas had very similar socio‐economic profiles. The contrast in the physical environments was striking, even on visual inspection.Conclusions  Food deserts as a cause of poor food choice did not stand scrutiny; the area located by the worst food choices had a plethora of shops selling food (better termed a food prairie), whereas the area located by the best food choices had no shops in evidence but did have more ‘space’.
Factors associated with the risk of behaviour problems in adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chadwick O. , Kusel Y. , Cuddy M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground Little is known about the factors affecting the risk of behavioural and emotional problems in young people with severe intellectual disability (ID), although such evidence as there is suggests that there may be differences between the pattern of risk factors in this group and those that operate in general population samples of the same age.Method From a sample of 111 children with severe ID who had been initially identified from the registers of six special schools at 4–11 years, 82 were traced and reassessed on average 5 years 4 months later. The relationships between potential risk factors and behaviour problems, reported here for 11:00–17:04 year olds, were assessed by means of parental interview conducted in the family home.Results Behaviour problems were associated with the severity of ID and the severity of autistic symptomatology. Perhaps surprisingly, they were also more common in pre‐pubertal than post‐pubertal adolescents. Family factors such as a history of interrupted/disrupted maternal care, parental criticism of the child and aggressive parental disciplinary practices were also associated with behaviour problems, although the direction of causation was unclear. Several factors, including gender, social disadvantage and epilepsy, well established as risk factors in children without ID, were not significantly associated with behaviour problems in the present sample.Conclusion The findings suggest that the pattern of factors associated with behaviour problems in children withsevereID differs from that found both in the general population and in children with mild ID.
Metabolic regulation of leaf senescence: interactions of sugar signalling with biotic and abiotic stress responses
Authors: Wingler A. , Roitsch T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSugars are important signals in the regulation of plant metabolism and development. During stress and in senescing leaves, sugars often accumulate. In addition, both sugar accumulation and stress can induce leaf senescence. Infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens and attack by herbivores and gall‐forming insects may influence leaf senescence via modulation of the sugar status, either by directly affecting primary carbon metabolism or by regulating steady state levels of plant hormones. Many types of biotic interactions involve the induction of extracellular invertase as the key enzyme of an apoplasmic phloem unloading pathway, resulting in a sourcesink transition and an increased hexose/sucrose ratio. Induction of the levels of the phytohormones ethylene and jasmonate in biotic interactions results in accelerated senescence, whereas an increase in plant‐ or pathogen‐derived cytokinins delays senescence and results in the formation of green islands within senescing leaves. Interactions between sugar and hormone signalling also play a role in response to abiotic stress. For example, interactions between sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling may be responsible for the induction of senescence during drought stress. Cold treatment, on the other hand, can result in delayed senescence, despite sugar and ABA accumulation. Moreover, natural variation can be found in senescence regulation by sugars and in response to stress: in response to drought stress, both drought escape and dehydration avoidance strategies have been described in different Arabidopsis accessions. The regulation of senescence by sugars may be key to these different strategies in response to stress.
How natural infection by Nosema ceranae causes honeybee colony collapse
Authors: Higes Mariano , Martín‐Hernández Raquel , Botías Cristina , Bailón Encarna Garrido , González‐Porto Amelia V. , Barrios Laura , del Nozal M. Jesús , Bernal José L. , Jiménez Juan J. , Palencia Pilar García , Meana Aránzazu 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn recent years, honeybees (Apis mellifera) have been strangely disappearing from their hives, and strong colonies have suddenly become weak and died. The precise aetiology underlying the disappearance of the bees remains a mystery. However, during the same period, Nosema ceranae, a microsporidium of the Asian bee Apis cerana, seems to have colonized A. mellifera, and it's now frequently detected all over the world in both healthy and weak honeybee colonies. For first time, we show that natural N. ceranae infection can cause the sudden collapse of bee colonies, establishing a direct correlation between N. ceranae infection and the death of honeybee colonies under field conditions. Signs of colony weakness were not evident until the queen could no longer replace the loss of the infected bees. The long asymptomatic incubation period can explain the absence of evident symptoms prior to colony collapse. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that healthy colonies near to an infected one can also become infected, and that N. ceranae infection can be controlled with a specific antibiotic, fumagillin. Moreover, the administration of 120 mg of fumagillin has proven to eliminate the infection, but it cannot avoid reinfection after 6 months. We provide Koch's postulates between N. ceranae infection and a syndrome with a long incubation period involving continuous death of adult bees, non‐stop brood rearing by the bees and colony loss in winter or early spring despite the presence of sufficient remaining pollen and honey.
UKPDS—modelling of cardiovascular risk assessment and lifetime simulation of outcomes
Authors: Adler A. I. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlthough known principally as a clinical trial, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) provided longitudinal data which helped define the natural history of cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. Using clinical, epidemiological, statistical and economics methods, UKPDS investigators developed mathematical models that helped define predictors (risk factors) for cardiovascular disease including angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and death in Type 2 diabetes. The UKPDS made clearer the contributions to risk of age, hyperglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, adverse blood lipids and smoking. Equations were developed, combined and incorporated into the UKPDS Risk Engine and the UKPDS Outcomes models. For example, the UKPDS risk engine—version 2—estimates that a white 62‐year‐old man with 11 years of Type 2 diabetes, a glycated haemoglobin of 8.3%, a systolic blood pressure of 145 mmHg and total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol values of 5.8 and 1.1 mmol/l who did not smoke has a 33% chance of having overt coronary heart disease within 10 years. These models contribute to the estimation of risk and/or health outcomes adjusted for quality of life for use by, amongst others, clinicians, trialists, health planners, guideline developers and health economists.
Impact of the UKPDS—an overview
Authors: Home P. D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) is a group of clinical trials, epidemiological analyses and health‐modelling studies with an influence which can be assessed across a broad range of health domains.Original publications (n = 85) are notable for being mainly published in the key weekly or diabetes journals (78%) and being mainly in the clinical arena (68%). Notable reference to the publications can be found in UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines, but also in evidence‐based international guidelines, where UKPDS papers form a significant fraction of the citations. In educational materials UKPDS‐derived slides remain popular (10 and 30% of some international slide sets), again as much for the epidemiological findings as for the core trial results. Slides of the deterioration in blood glucose control with time, and evidence that this is as a result of progressive decline of pancreatic islet B‐cell function, are used particularly often. The UKPDS enhanced the promotion of glycated haemoglobin to its core role in clinical monitoring, through understanding of the quantitative relationship of vascular complications to glucose control, and thus to target setting. Notably, metformin therapy was promoted by the UKPDS findings on macrovascular disease in the overweight study, although controversy remains regarding the significance of the effect on macrovascular disease of the core glucose‐lowering study, promoting the development of further studies reporting in 2008. The effects of decreasing blood pressure on microvascular disease have had an important impact on guidelines and health economic analyses, together with other evidence on the value of rennin–angiotensin system blockers.The UKPDS has evidently been unusually influential in the development of treatment guidelines, clinical education and the thinking of healthcare professionals. By inference it must be responsible for a significant part of the improvement in health outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes over the last decade.
International prevalence of physical activity in youth and adults
Authors: Sisson S. B. , Katzmarzyk P. T. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryUnderstanding population prevalences of physical activity is important to develop benchmarks for current baseline levels to monitor future changes, and for making country/regional comparisons. The purpose was to review the global prevalence of physical activity levels among youth and adults. Standardized literature searches for articles about national prevalences of physical activity were conducted in PubMed. A total of 34 studies in adults and 28 studies in youth were deemed contemporary (1996 – present) and met the inclusion criteria for this review. Wide variability was present between countries in the prevalence of physical activity (as measured and defined by individual studies). Studies with the highest reported prevalences of physical activity were for men in Sweden (77%), women in Denmark (81%), 12‐ to 15‐year‐old boys in Australia (74%) and <12‐year‐old girls (75%) in China. The countries with the lowest reported prevalences of physical activity were men in Brazil (4%), women in Saudi Arabia (2%) and Thailand (2%), and 17‐ to 18‐year‐old boys (0%) and 17‐ to18‐year‐old girls (0%) in Russia. The ranges of prevalence of physical activity, mode of data collection, and determination of meeting the physical activity threshold vary greatly between countries. However, the aggregation of these data can be a useful resource to practitioners, interventionists and epidemiologists.