bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Primed CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells Induce Severe Helicobacter‐associated Gastritis in the Absence of CD4+ T cells
Authors: Fukui Toshiro , Nishio Akiyoshi , Okazaki Kazuichi , Kasahara Katsuhiro , Saga Kazuyuki , Tanaka Junya , Uza Norimitsu , Ueno Satoru , Kido Masahiro , Ohashi Shinya , Asada Masanori , Nakase Hiroshi , Watanabe Norihiko , Chiba Tsutomu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground:  Although previous studies have reported important roles of CD4+ type1‐helper T cells and regulatory T cells in Helicobacter‐associated gastritis, the significance of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells remains unknown. To study the roles of CD8+ T cells, we examined the immune response in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter felis‐infected major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II‐deficient (II−/–) mice, which lack CD4+ T cells.Materials and methods:  Stomachs from H. felis‐infected wild‐type and infected MHC II−/– mice were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Gastric acidity and serum levels of anti‐H. felis antibodies were measured. The expression of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokine, Fas‐ligand, perforin, and Foxp3 genes in the gastric mucosa was investigated.Results:  H. felis‐infected MHC II−/– mice developed severe gastritis, accompanied by marked infiltration of CD8+ cells. At 1 and 2 months after inoculation, mucosal inflammation and atrophy were more severe in MHC II−/– mice, although gastritis had reached similar advanced stages at 3 months after inoculation. There was little infiltration of CD4+ cells, and no Foxp3‐positive cells were detected in the gastric mucosa of the infected MHC II−/– mice. The expression of the interleukin‐1β and Fas‐ligand genes was up regulated, but that of Foxp3 was down regulated in the infected MHC II−/– mice. Serum levels of anti‐H. felis antibodies were lower in the infected MHC II−/– mice, despite severe gastritis.Conclusions:  The present study suggests that cross‐primed CD8+ cytotoxic T cells can induce severe H.‐associated gastritis in the absence of CD4+ helper T cells and that Foxp3‐positive cells may have an important role in the control of gastric inflammation.
Anticonvulsant Effects of Carbamazepine on Spontaneous Seizures in Rats with Kainate‐induced Epilepsy: Comparison of Intraperitoneal Injections with Drug‐in‐food Protocols
Authors: Grabenstatter Heidi L. , Clark Suzanne , Dudek F. Edward 
Published: August 2007

Summary
Purpose: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of intraperitoneal (IP) injections and oral administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) in food on the frequency of spontaneous motor seizures in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy. The purpose was to develop a convenient drug‐in‐food approach for continuous, long‐term administration of potential antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
Methods: Single IP injections of CBZ (10–100 mg/kg) were compared to vehicle injections via six AED‐versus‐vehicle tests using a repeated‐measures, crossover protocol. Similar protocols were used with CBZ‐containing or control food pellets.
Results: CBZ significantly reduced motor seizure frequency at 30 and 100 mg/kg after single IP injections, and these doses completely blocked motor seizures during a 6‐h postdrug epoch in 25% and 70% of the animals, respectively. Single administrations of 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg CBZ in food also significantly reduced motor seizures, and blocked seizures in 33% and 89% of the rats, respectively. CBZ administered in food three times per day (100 mg/kg ×3 CBZ in food) continuously blocked nearly all motor seizures over a 5‐day period, and completely suppressed motor seizures in 50% of the animals tested.
Conclusions: CBZ strongly suppresses spontaneous motor seizures, and single doses of CBZ in food are as effective as IP injections in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy. CBZ administered regularly in food continuously blocks nearly all motor seizures, and may provide a relatively simple method to test AEDs in chronic models of epilepsy.
A Case with Atypical Childhood Occipital Epilepsy “Gastaut Type”: An Ictal Migraine Manifestation with a Good Response to Intravenous Diazepam
Authors: Parisi Pasquale , Kasteleijn‐Nolst Trenité Dorothée GA , Piccioli Marta , Pelliccia Andrea , Luchetti Anna , Buttinelli Carla , Villa Maria Pia 
Published: August 2007

Summary We report the history of a 14‐year‐old girl with atypical childhood occipital epilepsy “Gastaut type” whose first generalized tonic–clonic seizure was preceded by migraine without aura and followed by a status migrainosus. This status lasted for 3 days despite standard analgesic therapy. An EEG recording revealed an occipital status epilepticus during her migraine complaints. Seven minutes after intravenous administration of 10 mg diazepam under continuous EEG recording, a suppression of the epileptiform discharges over the right occipital was seen, while the headache subsided 3 min later. After precise questioning about the circumstances that possibly could have led to these events, it appeared that she had played for hours with a play station on the new color TV and she had visited an exhibition of Matisse and Bonnard with bright colors and contrast‐rich text. Standardized extensive intermittent photic stimulation (IPS), 2 days after the status migrainosus, evoked besides asymmetrical right‐sided driving, green spots in her left visual field, while in the EEG sharp waves were recorded over the right parietotemporal region. After further IPS with 20 Hz (eye closure), she started complaining of a light pulsating headache right occipitally and in the EEG right parietotemporal sharp‐waves were seen. This lasted for about 10 min. Later, an interictal routine EEG was normal except for some theta over the right temporooccipital area. The most likely diagnosis is an atypical form of occipital epilepsy “Gastaut type.” We would therefore advocate recording EEGs with photic stimulation in patients with atypical migraneous features.
Peribulbar poloxamer for ocular drug delivery
Authors: Vehanen Katja , Hornof Margit , Urtti Arto , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  The use of biopolymers in peribulbar injection for controlled drug delivery provides alternative options to eyedrops and intravitreal or surgical methods. Polymerizable biopolymers are especially likely to have a role because of their particular properties. In liquid form, they can be easily injected into the target site and, after polymerization, they provide a prolonged and controlled release of the drug. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the suitability of a thermopolymerizable biopolymer poloxamer (Lutrol F127) for peribulbar injections and controlled drug release.Methods:  The toxicity of injected poloxamer compounds was evaluated by visual inspection and histological and immunohistochemical tissue evaluation. The release of marker substances such as 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein (376 Da) or fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran (FITC‐dextran) (4−40 kDa) from poloxamer was used to simulate drug release and penetration into the eye using in vivo fluorometry.Results:  According to our clinical and pathological analyses, poloxamer was well tolerated in peribulbar injections and did not cause acute toxicity at the site of injection. The marker compounds were released from the site of injection during the first 24 hours.Conclusions:  Although poloxamer appears to be suitable for peribulbar injections, a more prolonged period of dissolution is desirable for clinical purposes.
A community‐based epidemiological study of periodontal disease in Keelung, Taiwan: a model from Keelung community‐based integrated screening programme (KCIS No. 18)
Authors: Lai Hongmin , Lo Min‐Te , Wang Po‐En , Wang Ting‐Ting , Chen Tony Hsiu‐Hsi , Wu Grace Hui‐Min 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAims: To estimate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease (PD) in the Taiwanese population aged 35–44 years and to investigate the association between demographic factors and PD.Materials and Methods: Between 2003 and 2005, residents of Keelung of the appropriate age were invited to screening. The community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment (LA) index were used to measure the periodontal status at subject (prevalence) and sextant levels (severity). Basic demographic information was also collected by a questionnaire.Results: Of 8462 enrollees, 94.8% had some signs of PD, of whom 29.7% had periodontal pockets >3 mm and 35% LA >3 mm. Calculus was the most common problem in terms of both prevalence (49.6%) and severity (affecting an average of 3.0 sextants per person). Risk factors for poor periodontal status (as measured by CPI) were older age (odds ratio, OR: 1.44), male gender (OR: 2.70), low education level (OR: 1.40), and being a manual worker (OR: 1.51). Similar findings were observed for LA.Conclusion: The prevalence of PD in 35–44‐year‐olds was found to be high in this large community‐based study of screening for PD with CPI and LA. Poorer periodontal health was observed in males, the less educated, and manual workers.
Incomplete adherence to an adjunctive systemic antibiotic regimen decreases clinical outcomes in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients: a pilot retrospective study
Authors: Guerrero Adrian , Echeverría Jose J. , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of incomplete adherence to the prescribed antibiotic regimen, amoxicillin and metronidazole, in the non‐surgical treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).Methods: This retrospective study included 18 GAP subjects who received a conventional course of full‐mouth non‐surgical periodontal treatment using machine‐driven and hand instruments and an adjunctive course of systemic antibiotics (500 mg amoxicillin and 500 mg metronidazole three times a day for 7 days). Clinical parameters were collected at baseline and at 2 months post‐treatment. Self‐reported adherence to the prescribed medication regimen was recorded at 2 months.Results: All clinical parameters, except for the mean clinical attachment level (CAL) in sites with initial probing pocket depth (PPD) 3 mm, improved at 2 months in all subjects. PPD reduction was 3.7 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2, 4.3 mm] in deep pockets (7 mm) and 2.2 mm (95% CI 1.9, 2.4 mm) in moderate pockets (4–6 mm), while CAL gain was 2.2 mm (95% CI 1.7, 2.6 mm) and 1.2 mm (95% CI 0.8, 1.5 mm), respectively. However, only 11 subjects (61.1%) reported full adherence to the medication. In deep pockets (7 mm), the difference between an adherent and non‐adherent/partially adherent subject was 0.9 mm (95% CI 0.1, 1.7 mm, ancova, p=0.027) in PPD reduction and 0.8 mm (95% CI −0.2, 1.9, p=0.129) in CAL gain at 2 months. In moderate pockets (4–6 mm) this difference was smaller in magnitude: 0.4 mm (95% CI 0.1, 0.9 mm, p=0.036) in PPD reduction and 0.2 mm (95% CI −0.3, 0.9 mm, p=0.332) in CAL gain.Conclusions: Within the limits of this design, these data suggest that incomplete adherence to a 7‐day adjunctive course of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin is associated with decreased clinical outcomes in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis.
Intravascular Kaposi’s sarcoma – a hitherto unrecognized phenomenon
Authors: Luzar Boštjan , Antony Fiona , Ramdial Pratistadevi K. , Calonje Eduardo 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Based on the spectrum of histological features, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is grouped into patch, plaque and nodular stages. The histological changes overlap, especially with lesional evolution. To date, intravascular KS is undocumented.Methods:  A clinicopathological description of six cases of intravascular KS.Results:  Clinical: There were four men and two women (mean age = 65 years). Four patients, who presented clinically with classic (sporadic) KS, developed solitary violaceous nodules on the extremities. Two patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome‐related KS had disseminated cutaneous KS lesions in all stages of evolution. Six months to 3 years follow‐up showed no evidence of systemic KS in any of the patients. Histopathology: Exclusive intravascular growth was seen in five patients. The vascular channels, highlighted by mural immunostaining with desmin and anti‐smooth muscle actin, had the histological features of veins. Intravascular growth was characterized by interlacing fascicles of human herpesvirus 8, CD31 and CD34‐positive spindle cells with formation of cleft‐like spaces, erythrocyte extravasation, hyaline globules and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. One patient had a proliferation of irregular, vascular channels in the desmin in addition to the intravenous growth.Conclusion:  Intravascular KS is a peculiar hitherto unrecognized morphological variant of KS that does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of aggressive behaviour.
Expression of HuR in Merkel cell carcinoma and in normal skin
Authors: Koljonen Virve , Böhling Tom , Haglund Caj , Ristimäki Ari 
Published: August 2007

Background:  HuR is a ubiquitously expressed member of the Elav/Hu family of mRNA‐binding proteins, and its cytoplasmic expression has been recognised to participate in carcinogenesis. The aims of this study were to explore the expression pattern of HuR in primary Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), lymph node metastases and non‐neoplastic skin.Methods:  Twenty‐two primary MCC samples and five lymph node metastases were evaluated for HuR expression by immunohistochemistry. The data were compared with clinical parameters.Results:  Nuclear and cytoplasmic HuR‐staining patterns were observed. Nuclear immunoreactivity was observed in 91% of the primary tumors and in 80% of the lymph node metastases. Cytoplasm was positive in 27% of the primary tumors and in 60% of the lymph node metastases. No cytoplasmic HuR immunoreactivity was detected in non‐neoplastic skin. However, moderate to strong nuclear staining was found in normal epidermis and in the epithelium of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Expression of HuR in MCC did not associate with clinicopathological parameters.Conclusions:  Primary MCCs and their lymph node metastases as well as non‐neoplastic skin show nuclear expression of HuR protein. In contrast to non‐neoplastic skin, a subset of MCC tumors show cytoplasmic HuR staining, which may contribute to carcinogenesis in MCC.
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of Langerhans cells in condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Feng Jin‐Yun , Peng Zhen‐Hui , Tang Xiao‐Ping , Geng Song‐Mei , Liu Yu‐Ping 
Published: August 2007

Background:  There are few studies on the abnormal morphology of Langerhans cells (LCs) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) lesions and the essence of the abnormal morphology of LCs in CA lesions is still not well elucidated. The aim of this study was to further investigate the morphological features of LCs in CA lesions.Methods:  CD1a+ LCs in 13 CA lesions and in 13 normal controls were labeled using immunohistochemistry and examined by light microscopy. Ultrastructural investigation on LCs in six CA lesions and in six normal controls was performed by electron microscopy.Results:  Compared with those in normal controls, most CD1a+ LCs in CA lesions exhibited dysplastic dendrities and abnormal distribution. The number of CD1a+ LCs in CA lesions (26.31 ± 18.84) was statistically lower (p < 0.001) than that in normal controls (72.00 ± 27.40). Electron microscopy showed that the number of Birbeck granules within lesional LCs (4.00 ± 2.94) was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) than that within normal LCs (10.80 ± 4.78). The ultrastructures of most lesional LCs displayed degenerative changes.Conclusions:  The morphology of most LCs in CA lesions shows degenerative changes, which suggest that these LCs have been functionally impaired.
Myeloid leukemia cutis: a histologic and immunohistochemical review
Authors: Cibull Thomas L. , Thomas Antoinette B. , O’Malley Dennis P. , Billings Steven D. 
Published: August 2007

Background:  The histologic diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis (LC) can be difficult, requiring confirmatory immunohistochemical stains.Objective:  We reviewed 21 biopsy‐proven cases of LC with emphasis on the use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis.Materials and Methods:  Clinical and histologic features were reviewed on 21 cases of biopsy proven LC. Immunohistochemical stains for CD4, CD34, CD56, CD68, CD117, CD123, TdT, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase were performed on 12 with available tissue blocks.Results:  Ages ranged from 24 to 88 years (mean = 57), with 12 men: 9 women. Primary hematologic diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia (n = 14), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 3), essential thrombocythemia (n = 1) and myeloid leukemia, NOS (n = 3). Monocytic myeloid LC was most common (35%). There was 100% positivity with CD68 and lysozyme. Myeloperoxidase, CD117 and CD34 immunostains were less sensitive in myeloid LC (58%, 33% and 17%, respectively). CD4 was positive in 67%. CD56 was positive in 33%.Conclusion:  Myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation more commonly involves the skin than other types of myeloid leukemia. CD68 and lysozyme immunostains, although not lineage specific for monocytes/macrophages, are the most sensitive immunostains in the detection of myeloid LC. Myeloperoxidase immunostains are useful, but immunostains for CD117 and CD34 are insufficiently sensitive. CD4 expression is common, but CD56 expression is not.
Dauthendeys “Stimmen des Schweigens”
Authors: Szépe Helena 
Published: August 2007

Max Dauthendey ist wegen seines Frühwerks Ultra‐Violett (1893) und besonders wegen der darin enthaltenen Abteilung ≤ Stimmen des Schweigens ≥ oft als Vorläufer des Expressionismus angesehen worden. Doch zeigt ein Vergleich der Tagebucheintragungen, die dem Dichter als Vorlage zu verschiedenen dieser Gedichte dienten, mit den endgültigen Fassungen, dass sich Dauthendey im Gegenteil streng an impressionistische Richtlinien hielt.Die Eigenart dieser frühen Gedichte liegt vielmehr an der Verwendung von Theatereffekten und an dem Kulissencharakter der dargestellten Landschaften. So sind auch die als ≤ expressionistisch ≥ empfundenen Verkürzungen nicht etwa Metaphern für tiefe symbolische Bezüge, sondern farbige Attrappen, die naivsinnliche Reize vermitteln sollen.
Secretory cells in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour: tissue induction or metaplastic mineralisation?
Authors: Jivan V , Altini M , Meer S 
Published: August 2007

Objective:  To undertake a detailed histological investigation of a large series of adenomatoid odontogenic tumours (AOT) to document the frequency and histomorphology of secretory cells which might indicate an inductive capacity.Materials and methods:  Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of 51 cases of AOT were reviewed. Selected cases were stained with periodic acid‐schiff (PAS) and Congo red.Results:  In five cases, secretory structures with a circular arrangement of tall columnar cells secreting enameloid‐like matrix material were identified. Such structures have only very rarely been identified in AOT and their frequency, distribution and morphology have not been adequately documented.Conclusions:  We have documented the presence of tall secretory columnar cells, arranged in a circular configuration actively secreting enameloid‐like material and believe that such an ordered arrangement of secretory cells is more likely a result of tissue induction rather than metaplasia. The origin of these secretory structures from the pseudo‐ductular component is unlikely but cannot be ruled out.
Topography, Microhardness, and Precision of Fit on Ready‐Made Zirconia Abutment Before/After Sintering Process
Authors: Kanno Taro , Milleding Percy , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTBackground  Sintering porcelain on a ceramic abutment may change the microstructure and result in aging processes that influence the mechanical properties, internal strain, and the three‐dimensional form of the abutment, thus causing a possible misfit between the abutment and the fixture.Purpose  The aim was to investigate topography, microhardness, and precision of fit on yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (Y‐TZP) abutments before/after the sintering process.Materials and Methods  Ten Y‐TZP abutment samples were ground to a shape used in the clinical situation and divided at random into two groups: before/after sintering. After the surface roughness was measured on all abutments, the abutments were connected to fixture replicas, embedded in resin, and cut in the longitudinal axis. Both sides of the cut samples were measured with respect to microhardness and minimum distance between fixture and abutment surface. t‐Test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were used to investigate statistical significant differences.Results  The surface roughness (Sa and Sdr) after sintering was significantly higher than before sintering. The total average values of microhardness after sintering were statistically lower than before sintering with a difference of 2%. The total distance between abutment/fixture before/after sintering demonstrated no statistically significant difference. Contact between abutment/fixture was most common at the top area of the fixture.Conclusion  A slight decrease of microhardness and contamination of porcelain particles immediately below the veneered part were found on the Y‐TZP abutment after sintering. The sintering process did not affect the precision of fit.
Internal Sinus Manipulation (ISM) Procedure: A Technical Report
Authors: Yamada Jason M. , Park Hyoung‐Jin 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTBackground  The sinus augmentation procedure has facilitated dental implant treatment in the posterior maxilla where there is insufficient bone for implant placement. A modified Caldwell‐Luc, lateral window technique can be applied in most cases needing sinus augmentation in order to create a larger bone volume. However, treatment morbidity can be a concern, especially in the form of postoperative swelling due to surgical trauma. Vertical augmentation using osteotomes has also been selected as a choice of treatment due to less invasive surgery and less postoperative trauma. Although the osteotome technique enables the surgeon to raise the sinus membrane internally through an implant osteotomy site, the quantity and predictability of bone augmentation can be limiting due to the elasticity of the Schneiderian sinus membrane, difficulty of the membrane to separate from the floor as well as the inability to have direct tactile access to “peel” the membrane off of the floor.Purpose  The objective of this report is to present a new, minimally invasive sinus augmentation technique, called the Internal Sinus Manipulation (ISM) procedure, which has been developed to facilitate sinus floor augmentation while reducing treatment morbidity and yet have direct tactile access to raise the membrane off of the sinus floor.Surgical Technique  Access to the Schneiderian sinus membrane is achieved without perforation of the membrane through a conventional osteotomy drilling procedure alone or combined with osteotome technique, followed by reflection of the membrane utilizing special ISM instrumentation and bone graft procedure laterally and vertically through the osteotomy site. A planned implant is then placed.Conclusion  The Internal Sinus Manipulation procedure can be used as an alternative treatment modality for sinus augmentation as compared to the external lateral window technique while reducing postoperative morbidity for the patients who need implant treatment in posterior maxillary areas.