bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subpopulations of human peripheral blood cells: Analysis of granulocytic progenitor cells by flow cytometry and immunologic surface markers
Authors: Drapkin R. L. , Adreeff M. , Koziner B. , Strife A. , Wisniewski D. , Darzynkiewicz Z. , Melamed M. R. , Clarkson B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal human peripheral blood cells were separated into different populations based upon isopycnic sedimentation, E rosetting, and EAC rosetting. Each population was characterized according to morphology, surface markers, granulocytic colony formation in semi‐solid media, and stainable RNA content by acridine orange (AO) flow cytometry. These techniques enrich for a population of cells that is characterized by a lymphoid morphology, a high granulocytic‐macrophage progenitor cell cloning efficiency, a lack of surface markers, and a high stainable RNA content not found in the other two populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (T cells and B cells). The stainable RNA content serves as a new metabolic marker for the population of cells in which the preponderance of granulocytic progenitor cells reside.
A factor V inhibitor: In vitro interference by calcium
Authors: Coots Macie C. , Muhleman Albert F. , Glueck Helen I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with a factor V inhibitor resistant to all standard methods of therapy was recently reported. Because of this resistance, further investigation of the inhibitor was carried out employing the inhibitory plasma, serum, and isofocused fraction. It has subsequently been shown in vitro by use of the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and Russell's viper venom time that the activity of the inhibitor is diminished by the addition of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate to the inhibitory plasma, serum, or isofocused fraction before the addition of normal pooled plasma. This inhibitor, an IgG4 (λ) immunoglobulin appears to have a high calcium binding affinity and is markedly potentiated in acid pH.These findings suggest that there may be a role in vivo for calcium infusion as part of the clinical management of such an inhibitor and that the metabolic acidosis associated with hemorrhagic shock may potentiate this type of inhibitor.
Bone marrow necrosis
Authors: Conrad Marcel E. , Carpenter John T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBone marrow necrosis has been regarded as a rare entity in specimens obtained from living patients and has been associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, we believe that it is a commonplace finding in bone marrow specimens which is frequently overlooked and which occurs in patients with multiple acute and chronic disorders. It is postulated that bone marrow necrosis eventuates from vascular occlusion of small blood vessels as a result of a number of causes. When bone marrow necrosis is prolonged, it may be associated with the development of bone marrow fibrosis and serve as a predisposing lesion for idiopathic myelofibrosis. Additional investigation of this phenomenon is required to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of disease states and its role in the pathophysiology of a number of disorders.
Quinine protects pyruvate‐kinase deficient red cells from dehydration
Authors: Koller Charles A. , Orringer Eugene P. , Parker John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPyruvate kinase deficient red blood cells have an abnormal tendency to lose ATP when exposed to low pO2 or cyanide, whereas normal red cells do not. Once energy is depleted, all red cells take up calcium and subsequently lose intracellular potassium and water. It has been shown previously that quinine will inhibit the potassium and water flux seen in energy depleted normal cells. The present study indicates that quinine protects cyanide treated pyruvate kinase deficient erythrocytes from water and potassium loss. Quinine does not prevent ATP depletion or calcium uptake. By six hours, cyanide treated pyruvate kinase deficient cells have lost an average of 486 gm of water per kilogram cell solids and 140 mmoles of potassium per kilogram of cell solids, while cells treated with both quinine and cyanide have lost only 106 gm of water per kilogram of cell solids and 77 mmoles of potassium per kilogram of cell solids.These data support the concept that the membrane lesion in pyruvate kinase deficiency is secondary to ATP depletion and is a manifestation of the Gardos effect. Quinine may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency hemolytic anemia.
Microcapillary agglutination assay for detection of specific antileukocyte reactivity in neutropenic patients
Authors: Smith Wade K. , Mold James W. , Tseng Susan L. , Burton Nadine N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum leukoagglutinating activity against the leukocytes of four patients with neutropenia was demonstrated using a modified microcapillary agglutination test. Cells from a panel of donors proved useful in attempting to define the identity of the antigens involved. In one instance anti‐HLA‐A9 activity could be demonstrated in a patient possessing HLA‐A9. In the other three individuals no definite antigen assessment to HLA Series A and B antigens or the Lalezari series of neutrophil antigens could be made. Two of the patients' sera showed cross‐reactivity and may be reactive with the same antigen or antigenic group. The microcapillary agglutination test appears to be useful in the evaluation of possible cases of autoimmune neutropenia.
The Chediak‐Higashi syndrome: Microtubules in lmonocytes and lymphocytes
Authors: White James G. , Clawson C. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent investigations of Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) leukocytes have suggested that defective cell function and formation of giant granules may be due to an inability of the cells to assemble microtubules because of an abnormality in synthesis of cyclic 3′, 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the present study we have examined normal and CHS lymphocytes and monocytes for the presence and frequency of centriole‐associated microtubules. No statistically significant differences between the mean numbers of centriole associated microtubules in normal and CHS monouclear cells could be detected. Results of the study fail to support the hypothesis that microtubule assembly is a fundamental defect in all CHS leukocytes.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia following treatment for non‐hematopoietic cancers: Report of 19 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Zarrabi M. Hosein , Rosner Fred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNineteen patients are reported who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia following treatment for a variety of solid tumors, including seminoma (four cases), melanoma (one case), and cancer of the ovary (six cases), colon or rectum (three cases), bladder (two cases), cervix, endometrium, and larynx (one case each). There were nine men and ten women, with a median age of 49.8 years (range 29 to 75). The mean interval between the diagnosis of solid tumors and acute leukemia is 5.8 years. In two patients the two diseases occurred simultaneously or within six months of each other.One patient was treated only surgically. Eight patients were treated with radiotherapy, five with chemotherapy, and five received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancytopenia was commonly noted prior to the onset of leukemia with chromosomal abnormalities observed in four cases in which a karyotype was performed. Three patients achieved complete hematological remission following antileukemic therapy.One hundred and six additional patients with non‐hematopoietic neoplasms and acute leukemia are reviewed. Although acute leukemia may occur in a higher than expected frequency in patients with solid tumors because of a possible increased risk of a second neoplasm, it seems more likely that the acute leukemia is related to the radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy administered to treat the first neoplasm.
Ocular complications following blast transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Hendrick Alex M. , Rogers John S. , Guliner Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA number of ocular problems compromising vision occurred in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia following blastic transformation. Hemorrhagic retinopathy developed with systemic relapse and resolved with control of systemic disease. Optic nerve involvement occurred with meningeal leukemia and was controlled with intrathecal cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate. Leukemic retinal infiltrates developed despite control of systemic and meningeal disease and were successfully treated with radiation therapy. Finally, bilateral vitreous hemorrhages occurred, severely impairing vision.Leukemic infiltration of the eye may occur with increasing frequency in CML as the survival following blastic transformation improves. Infiltration should be recognized and treated promptly if serious loss of vision is to be avoided. Central nervous system prophylaxis should be considered in patients achieving a complete response following therapy for transformation.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Groopman Jerome , Ellman Leonard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by proliferation of morphologically abnormal promyelocytes and a severe bleeding diathesis. The abnormal promyelocyte is characterized by abundant, large granules, many of which are spindle‐shaped. Electron microscopic appearance of the granules closely resembles that of Auer rods. The granules appear to possess tissue thromboplastin activity by both immunologic and clotting assays. Coagulation studies in APL are generally consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Prolongation of the prothrombin time and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products are the tests that are most commonly abnormal. Although occasional reports indicate a favorable response of the coagulopathy to drugs that inhibit fibrinolysis, the use of prophylactic heparin appears to be the treatment of choice. The response rate of APL to chemotherapy regimens that contain an anthracycline is comparable to that of acute myelogenous leukemia. The recent description of the 15;17 chromosomal translocation which may be pathognomonic for APL is only the second example of a chromosomal marker of human neoplasia. Marked elevation of serum vitamin B12 and B12 binding proteins appears to be another characteristic feature of APL. An in vitro cell line of APL cells has been demonstrated to have the capacity to differentiate to functional polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the cause for the maturation arrest is unknown.
Studies of marmoset megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro
Authors: Burstein Samuel A. , Breton‐Gorius Janine , Harker Laurence A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiquid culture of the mononuclear fraction of the blood of marmosets without any added stimulator resulted in the appearance of megakaryocytes. These cells could not be identified by light microscopy or by indirect immunofluorescence using antiplatelet antiserum. Ultrastructural idetification was made using platelet peroxidase. Some megakaryocytes demonstrated sparse but detectable demarcation membranes, early granule formation, and platelet formation.The results indicate that marmoset megakaryocytic progenitor cells circulate and can begin to differentiate in vitro, although unstimulated liquid culture conditions do not promote the development of the usual light‐microscopic features of differentiation.
Homozygous hemoglobin E mimics β‐thalassemia minor without anemia or hemolysis: Hematologic, functional, and biosynthetic studies of first north American cases
Authors: Fairbanks Virgil F. , Oliveros Rhaiza , Brandabur Joseph H. , Willis Richard R. , Fiester Richard F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA young American woman of Thai ancestry living in Ohio and a man of Vietnamese origin living in Iowa are believed to be the first recognized hemoglobin E homozygotes residing in the western hemisphere. Both were clinically well and exhibited neither pallor nor icterus nor splenomegaly. Their blood exhibited marked microcytosis and mild erythrocytosis. Hemoglobin was 99% E and 1% F, 97% E and 3% F, respectively. These features were similar to those previously reported from Southeast Asia and Madagascar in the few well‐documented reports of homozygous hemoglobin E. A 51Cr erythrocyte survival study indicated a normal t1/2 of 28 days. Also demonstrated were minimal decrease in whole blood O2 affinity and increased ratio of α/non‐α globin chain synthesis. Mild hemolytic anemia is not, as usually stated, a feature of this condition, which closely mimics a very mild thalassemia minor. Anemia, when found with high proportions of hemoglobin E, should not be attributed to the homozygous hemoglobinopathy. Persons with homozygous hemoglobin E should be reassured as to its benign implications.
Interaction of the β chain variant hemoglobin leslie and the α chain variant hemoglobin montgomery in a black female
Authors: Huisman T. H. J. , Gravely M. E. , Wilson J. B. , Webber B. , Felice A. E. , Miller A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA black family is described in which the β chain variant hemoglobin Leslie, the α chain variant hemoglobin Montgomery, and α‐thalassemia‐2 occurred in different combinations. All members studied had normal hematological values and no chronic ill health. The propositus had 11% hemoglobin Montgomery, 24% hemoglobin Leslie, and only about 0.5% of the Hb Montgomery–Leslie hybrid. The mother of the propositus was a Hb Leslie heterozygote with 31% Hb Leslie. Her father had 26% and her son had 17% Hb Montgomery, suggesting that the father is heterozygous for α‐thalassemia‐2; this designation was supported by data from in vitro biosynthetic studies. The β‐Leslie chain generally shows reduced ability to pair with the normal α chain. However, in the propositus, who is heterozygous for both variants, the assembly of β‐Leslie and α‐Montgomery chains might be reduced even more, and the instability of the Hb Montgomery‐Leslie hybrid appears much greater than was expected.
Acceleration of F‐cell production in response to experimentally induced anemia in adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Nute Peter E. , Papayannopoulou Th. , Chen P. , Stamatoyannopoulos G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanges in levels of fetal hemoglobin and Hb F‐containing erythrocytes (F‐cells) were monitored in adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) rendered acutely anemic by phenylhydrazine or phlebotomy, or chronically anemic by a combination of both forms of treatment. The highest levels of Hb F were observed in acutely anemic animals from 21 to 29 days after initiation of treatment and represented 2.2‐ to 5.6‐fold increases over levels measured prior to induction of anemia. Changes in F‐cell levels correlated well with changes in proportions of Hb F (r = 0.89), and peak F‐cell levels exceeded initial levels by factors ranging from 6 to 11.7. These data confirm previous findings and indicate that adult baboons respond to severe anemic stress by producing increased numbers of Hb F‐containing cells. Thus, P cynocephalus appears to be a suitable model for the study, in vivo, of Hb F regulation in man, since it is likely that changes in Hb F production are mediated by similar mechanisms in both species.
Combination chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: Results of a retrospective study in 82 patients
Authors: Amadori Sergio , Montuoro Aldo , Meloni Giovanna , Spiriti Maria Antonietta Aloe , Pacilli Leonardo , Mandelli Franco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince 1970, 82 previously untreated adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated for induction of remission with combination chemotherapy either including vincristine and prednisone (18 patients), vincristine, prednisone and daunomycin (27 patients), or vincristine, prednisone, and asparaginase (37 patients). Upon achievement of complete remission patients were started on continuous maintenance with daily mercaptopurine, weekly methotrexate, and periodic vincristine and prednisone reinforcement pulses. Central nervous system prophylaxis consisted of six weekly intrathecal injections of methotrexate and prednisone given during induction, followed by monthly doses during maintenance. Overall, 55 of the 82 patients (67%) achieved complete remission; the addition of daunomycin or asparaginase to vincristine and prednisone did not significantly improve the response rate. Severe myelosuppression was common, being responsible for the death of 23 patients during induction. The predicted median duration of remission was 25 months, with 24 patients continuing in remission after 3.5–60 months. Duration of remission was significantly shorter in those patients who initially had a peripheral blood count greater than 50 × 109/liter. The predicted median survival was 39.5 months in those who achieved remission, less than one month in those who did not, and 12 months overall.
Diamond‐blackfan anemia: The role of immunoglobulin blocking factor in remission
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. , Coleman Mary B. , Pennebaker James B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome patients with Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome may have suppressor T‐cells responsible for the failure of normal erythropoiesis. The capacity of Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome mononuclear cells to react in mixed leukocyte culture to the stimulus of nucleated red cells was tested using bone marrow as the cell source. In all but one instance, Diamond‐Blackfan mononuclear cells and cells from normal or a multiply‐transfused control showed similar degrees of stimulation. Patient mononuclear cells reacted normally to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The presence of a cytotoxic effect of Diamond‐Blackfan mononuclear cells on normal nucleated red cells was examined using a 59Fe‐release assay. There was no evidence for lymphocyte‐mediated erythroid cytotoxicity. Immunoglobulins (Ig) were removed from Diamond‐Blackfan serum by affinity chromatography. Erythroid burst‐forming units (BFU‐E) failed to grow normally in Ig‐depleted patient autologous serum, but growth failure was reversed when Ig eluted from the affinity column was added back to the culture. Diamond‐Blackfan Ig added to autologous mononuclear cells in the absence of autologous serum normalized colony growth. T‐cells of some Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome patients may suppress BFU‐E growth, but they do not react abnormally in mixed leukocyte culture to nucleated erythroid cells and are not cytotoxic for erythroblasts under our conditions of study. The serum‐blocking factor in our patients appears to be an Ig that promotes BFU‐E generation despite the presence of suppressor T‐cells. Although it cannot be proved, this may be related to the remission of disease in our patients.
Calmodulin, zinc, and calcium in cellular and membrane regulation: An interpretive review
Authors: Brewer George J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA considerable amount of work in recent years has indicated that the intracellular effects of calcium are mediated primarily by calcium‐binding proteins. One of the most important of these proteins is a 17,000‐molecular weight protein–calmodulin. Calmodulin, when activated by calcium, has the potential to activate many enzymes and to stimulate many intracellular events. While calcium is required for many types of cellular activations, zinc tends to be a cellular inhibitor. It appears that zinc is antagonistic to calcium, tending to inhibit the same cellular reactions triggered by an influx of intra‐cellular calcium. Recent investigations have led us to hypothesize that the zinc‐calcium antagonism mentioned above may be the result of inhibitory effects of zinc on calmodulin‐stimulated functions. This inhibition may operate through binding of zinc to the target proteins of calmodulin or through binding of zinc to calmodulin after the calmodulin is complexed to protein. This area will be reviewed in the first part of this paper.In the erythrocyte, excessive intracellular calcium causes hemoglobin retention by erythrocyte membranes and causes erythrocyte shrinkage. Both of these events may occur in sickle erythrocytes because of sickling‐induced calcium accumulation. Recent studies suggest that excessive calcium‐activated calmodulin may be responsible for both hemoglobin retention by the membrane and for erythrocyte shrinkage. On the other hand, trifluoperazine — a phenothiazine drug that inhibits the action of calmodulin — causes erythrocyte swelling (membrane expansion). These observations have led us to hypothesize that calmodulin is intimately involved with regulation of the erythrocyte membrane expansion/shrinkage state. The possible role of excessive calcium‐activated calmodulin in inducing abnormalities in the sickle membrane may lead to a more rational therapy aimed at the membrane lesion in this disease. This therapy might involve a combination of inhibitory agents such as zinc and a phenothiazine.In the last part of the review, we present a model for the regulation of membrane shrinkage by calmodulin in equilibrium with membrane expansion by spectrin‐actin phosphorylation. Whether or not this model is right in its basic elements, we hope it will provoke some additional thinking and experimental work. In fact, this entire review should be viewed as interpretive. That is, observations from diverse sources have been put together in an attempt to make sense out of them and, in particular, to provoke thinking and stimulate experimental work in these areas.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation with histamine
Authors: Mazza Joseph J. , Gatlin Patience F. , Marx James J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA sensitive in vitro technique was used to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of histamine on human blood platelets. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was completely inhibited at 10−3 M concentrations of histamine. Persistent elevations of cyclic AMP levels were shown to occur in the platelets when histamine was added and corresponded to the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. In contradistinction to the analogous inhibitory effects by histamine on other cellular elements of the hematopoietic system, this inhibitory effect on platelets could not be blocked by equimolar concentrations of either of the classes of histamine antagonists presently available. It is suggested that there may be other additional histamine receptors on the surface of membranes of platelets or that histamine mediated its inhibitory effect on platelets through a mechanism other than surface receptors.
Red cell indices in normal adults residing at altitudes from sea level to 2670 meters
Authors: Ruíz‐Argüelles G. J. , Sánchez‐Medal L. , Loría A. , Piedras J. , Córdova M. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBCs), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured by a single operator in a single laboratory by means of an electronic particle counter in 942 healthy adults (491 females and 451 males) residing at five altitudes: 0, 1000, 1860, 2220, and 2670 meters above sea level. The subjects were carefully screened clinically, and subjects with low transferrin saturation ( < 15%) were excluded.In both sexes there was a differential behavior as a function of altitude, of Hb and PCV on the one hand, and number of RBCs on the other. The findings suggest the presence of two sequential mechanisms of adaptation to progressively lower atmosphere oxygen pressure: One operating from sea level to 1860 meters, which leads to a progressively increasing number of relatively microcytic RBC; and a second one – from 1860 to 2670 meters – in which there is an increased but constant number of progressively more normocytic RBC, so that a simplistic model of equal magnitude increases in the three parameters and is seen at 2670 meters, but not at the intermediate altitudes. The middle group's comparativity, essential to these interpretations, apparently was achieved with regard to time elapsed between sampling and testing and with regard to the people integrating the groups.