bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposed modification to the dynamic approach
Authors: Bhushan S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper a modification related to the scale‐invariancy condition, based on a simple dissipation argument coupled with the hypothesis of Chen et al. (J. Fluids Eng. 2005; 127:840–850), is proposed for the dynamic model coefficient evaluation approach. The modification is applied to the Smagorinsky model and used in the calculations of low Reynolds number (Reτ = 180) channel flow, where the scale‐invariancy assumption of the dynamic approach is expected to fail along the wall‐normal direction. A detailed analysis of the results is performed for the mean velocity profile, dissipation characteristics, second and higher order statistics, and the energy spectra. The results are compared with the Smagorinsky, the dynamic Smagorinsky, no model, the modification proposed by Meneveau and Lund (Phys. Fluids 1996; 9(12):3932–3934), and the DNS data. The proposed modification yields a better model coefficient profile and shows definitive improvement of the results for all flow statistics considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of fluid–structure thermal simulations on moving grids
Authors: Roe B. , Haselbacher A. , Geubelle P. H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article analyses the stability of a thermally coupled fluid–structure interaction problem with a moving interface. Two types of fluid and structural discretizations are investigated: finite‐difference/finite‐difference as well as the more traditional finite‐volume/finite‐element (FV/FE) configuration. In either case, the material properties and grid spacing are treated as uniform within each domain. A theoretical stability analysis and corresponding numerical tests show that greater stability is associated with the algorithm in which the fluid domain is passed a Dirichlet condition and the solid domain a von Neumann condition and that the stability of the coupled scheme may be strongly affected by the interface velocity. Furthermore, it shows that the interface velocity has a larger destabilizing effect on the FV/FE discretization than on a finite‐difference/finite‐difference discretization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of source terms on stability, accuracy and conservation in two‐dimensional shallow flow simulation using triangular finite volumes
Authors: Murillo J. , García‐Navarro P. , Burguete J. , Brufau P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe two‐dimensional shallow water model is a hyperbolic system of equations considered well suited to simulate unsteady phenomena related to some surface wave propagation. The development of numerical schemes to correctly solve that system of equations finds naturally an initial step in two‐dimensional scalar equation, homogeneous or with source terms. We shall first provide a complete formulation of the second‐order finite volume scheme for this equation, paying special attention to the reduction of the method to first order as a particular case.The explicit first and second order in space upwind finite volume schemes are analysed to provide an understanding of the stability constraints, making emphasis in the numerical conservation and in the preservation of the positivity property of the solution when necessary in the presence of source terms. The time step requirements for stability are defined at the cell edges, related with the traditional Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of second‐order adjoint technique for conduit flow problem
Authors: Kurahashi T. , Kawahara M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the way to obtain the Newton gradient by using a traction given by the perturbation for the Lagrange multiplier. Conventionally, the second‐order adjoint model using the Hessian/vector products expressed by the product of the Hessian matrix and the perturbation of the design variables has been researched (Comput. Optim. Appl. 1995; 4:241–262). However, in case that the boundary value would like to be obtained, this model cannot be applied directly. Therefore, the conventional second‐order adjoint technique is extended to the boundary value determination problem and the second‐order adjoint technique is applied to the conduit flow problem in this paper. As the minimization technique, the Newton‐based method is employed. The Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method is applied to calculate the Hessian matrix which is used in the Newton‐based method and a traction given by the perturbation for the Lagrange multiplier is used in the BFGS method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some recent numerical advances for two‐phase flow modelling in NEPTUNE project
Authors: Hérard J. M. , Hurisse O. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper is devoted to a brief review of some problems arising in the NEPTUNE project, whose main objective consists in preparing a new generation of two‐phase flow codes covering the whole range of modelling scales for nuclear power plants. Focus is given on multi‐phase flow modelling and on the unsteady coupling of existing codes. Some recent results are displayed and a few open problems are discussed in the manuscript. A draft version of this paper has been presented as an invited lecture during the FVCA4 meeting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fingering patterns on an expanding miscible drop in a rotating Hele‐Shaw cell
Authors: Chen Chen‐Hua , Chen Ching‐Yao 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe perform a detailed numerical study for the evolution of an expanding miscible drop in a rotating Hele‐Shaw cell. Two mathematical formulations applied to model the coating layer expansion during practical spin‐coating process, such as thinning of the layer by cell pressing and drop spreading outward due to injection, are investigated. Including miscible interfacial stresses, we focus on the investigation of dynamical and morphological influences of two different stabilizing parameters: the gap width parameter for the pressing cell and the injecting strength. In the case of a pressing cell, the fingering features of the expanding miscible drop, such as the critical radius, are distinct from those ones in the experiments of spin coating due to the different distributions of the inherent radial velocity. On the other hand, the global interfacial evolutions of an expanding drop with an additional injection bear remarkable resemblances to their immiscible counterparts. The better agreement for an injecting model suggests its appropriateness when we simulate the emerging fingering instabilities in the spin‐coating process. Moreover, we investigate the effects of Coriolis force at higher miscible Bond numbers. Coriolis force affects significantly the onset of fingering instability and the tilting angles of fingers. These stable effects are in line with the results from the previous studies for miscible and immiscible flow fields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time use and costs of institutionalised elderly persons with or without dementia: results from the Nordanstig cohort in the Kungsholmen Project—a population based study in Sweden
Authors: Nordberg Gunilla , Wimo Anders , Jönsson Linus , Kåreholt Ingemar , Sjölund Britt‐Marie , Lagergren Mårten , von Strauss Eva 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe aging of the population has become a worldwide phenomenon. This leads to increased demand for services and with limited resources it is important to find a way to estimate how resources can be match to those with greatest need.AimsTo analyse time use and costs in institutional care in relation to different levels of cognitive and functional capacity for elderly persons.MethodsThe population consisted of all institutionalised inhabitants, 75 + years, living in a rural community (n = 176). They were clinically examined by physicians and interviewed by nurses. Staff and informal care‐giving time was examined with the RUD (Resource Utilization in Dementia) instrument.ResultsTobit regression analyses showed that having dementia increased the amount of ADL care time with 0.9 h when compared to those not having dementia, whereas each loss of an ADL function (0–6) added 0.6 h of ADL care time. Analysing the total care time use, the presence of dementia added more than 9 h, while each loss of one ADL function added 2.9 h. There were some informal care contributions, however with no correlation to severity in dependency. The estimated cost for institutional care increased with more than 85% for people being dependent in 5–6 ADL activities compared to persons with no functional dependency, and with 30% for persons with dementia compared to the non‐demented.ConclusionThere is a variation in time use in institutional settings due to differences in ADL dependency but also whether dementia is present or not. This variation has implications for costs of institutional care. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan prevents the development of AOM‐induced aberrant crypt foci in mice and suppressed the proliferation of AGS cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis
Authors: Lin Shyr‐Yi , Chan Hing‐Yuen , Shen Fung‐Hsiu , Chen Mei‐Huei , Wang Ying‐Jan , Yu Chung‐Keung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe study the effect of fungal‐derived chitosan on the development of chemical‐induced colonic precancerous lesions in ICR mice and delineate its possible molecular mechanisms. In the 2 weeks preventive experiments, mice fed with a diet containing high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) had significant fewer aberrant crypt foci formation than those fed with control diet. As the treatment extended to 6 weeks, both low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC)‐ and HMWC‐fed mice contained less aberrant crypt foci when compared to control. However, such effect was not observed in mice in the 6 weeks therapeutic experiments. The anti‐tumorigenesis effect of water‐soluble chitosan oligomer (WSCO) was tested on four cancer cell lines. WSCO significantly suppressed AGS and to a less extent, COLO 205 cells proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle distribution indicated that the percentage of S phase reduced significantly in AGS cells treated with WSCO together with a decrease in DNA synthesis rate in BrdU incorporation assay. WSCO treatment also upregulated cell cycle‐related genes p21/Cip and p27/Kip, whereas downregulated that of PCNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1573–1580, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decorin synthesized by arterial smooth muscle cells is retained in fibrin gels and modulates fibrin contraction
Authors: Johnson Pamela Y. , Potter‐Perigo Susan , Gooden Michel D. , Vernon Robert B. , Wight Thomas N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFibrin serves as a provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) for arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMC) after vascular injury, yet little is known about the effect of fibrin on ECM remodeling by these cells. To address this question, monkey ASMC were grown on fibrin gels and tissue culture (TC) plastic, and proteoglycan synthesis and accumulation were assessed by radiolabeling. Initial rates of 35S‐sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans were identical for both groups, but increased proteoglycan accumulation was observed in cultures grown for 48 h on fibrin. This increased accumulation on fibrin was due to reduced proteoglycan turnover and retention within the fibrin gel. Decorin and biglycan constituted 40 and 14% of the total proteoglycan in the fibrin gels, whereas their combined contribution was only 12% in control matrices. To explore whether the retention of decorin in fibrin had any influence on the properties of the fibrin gel, ASMC‐mediated fibrin contraction assays were performed. Both de novo synthesis of decorin as well as decorin added during polymerization inhibited the ability of the cells to contract fibrin. In contrast, decorin added exogenously to mature fibrin matrices had no effect on fibrin gel contraction. This study illustrates that decorin derived from ASMC selectively accumulates in fibrin and modifies fibrin architecture and mechanical properties. Such an accumulation may influence wound healing and the thrombotic properties of this provisional pro‐atherosclerotic ECM. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 281–294, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CCK1 and 2 receptors are expressed in immortalized rat brain neuroblasts: Intracellular signals after cholecystokinin stimulation
Authors: Langmesser Sonja , Cerezo‐Guisado Maria I. , Lorenzo Maria J. , Garcia‐Marin Luis J. , Bragado Maria J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the central nervous system (CNS) where it promotes important functions by activation of receptors CCK1 and CCK2. Our aim was to investigate CCK receptors expression and their downstream intracellular signaling in immortalized rat brain neuroblasts. Results show that CCK1 and CCK2 receptor mRNAs and CCK2 receptor protein are expressed in neuroblasts. CCK incubation of neuroblasts leads to stimulation in a time‐dependent manner of several signaling pathways, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of adaptor proteins paxillin and p130Cas, phosphorylation of p44/p42 ERKs as well as PKB (Ser473). Moreover, CCK‐8 stimulates the DNA‐binding activity of the transcription factor AP‐1. The CCK2 receptor agonist gastrin stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a comparable degree as CCK does. ERK1/2 phosphorylation activated by CCK‐8 was markedly inhibited by the CCK2 receptor antagonist CR2945. Incubation for 48 h with CCK‐8 increases neuroblasts viability in a similar degree as EGF. In summary, our data clearly identify CCK1 and CCK2 receptor mRNAs and CCK2 receptor protein in brain neuroblasts and show that incubation with CCK promotes cell proliferation and activates the phosphorylation of survival transduction pathways. Stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by CCK is mainly mediated by the CCK2 receptor. Moreover, this work might provide a novel model of proliferating neuronal cells to further study the biochemical mechanisms by which the neuropeptide CCK exerts its actions in the CNS. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 851–864, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and predominant expression of annexin A2 in epithelial‐type cells of the rice field eel
Authors: Shang Xuan , Sun Jinhua , He Yan , Zhao Wei , Li Qin , Zhou Fang , Chen Bo , Cheng Hanhua , Zhou Rongjia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAnnexin is the largest family of genes encoding eukaryotic calcium‐binding proteins that do not contain the EF hand motif. Annexin A2 has a common annexin core domain, consisting of four so‐called annexin repeats, and each of these repeats has about 70 amino acids in length. Here we report identification of annexin A2 from rice field eel by degenerate PCR and RACE techniques. Three‐dimensional structure prediction shows that it has similar annexin repeat architecture. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this gene fits with the annexin A2 clade of vertebrates. Subcellular co‐localization and co‐immunoprecipitation indicated annexin A2 interacted with its ligand S100A10, confirming characteristics of the rice field eel annexin A2. RT‐PCR and Western blot results indicate annexin A2 expressed ubiquitously in adult tissues. Immunofluorescence analysis shows obvious immunoreactivity in the nuclear membrane of developing oocytes and base membrane of mature oocytes in ovary and ovotestis. After the gonad differentiates into testis, annexin A2 protein expressed in the site of seminal vesicles epithelium in testis. The results provided a clue to the potential role of annexin A2 in the gonadal differentiation from ovary, via ovotestis to testis of the rice field eel. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 600–608, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periostin regulates collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of connective tissues
Authors: Norris Russell A. , Damon Brook , Mironov Vladimir , Kasyanov Vladimir , Ramamurthi Anand , Moreno‐Rodriguez Ricardo , Trusk Thomas , Potts Jay D. , Goodwin Richard L. , Davis Jeff , Hoffman Stanley , Wen Xuejun , Sugi Yukiko , Kern Christine B. , Mjaatvedt Corey H. , Turner Debi K. , Oka Toru , Conway Simon J. , Molkentin Jeffery D. , Forgacs Gabor , Markwald Roger R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPeriostin is predominantly expressed in collagen‐rich fibrous connective tissues that are subjected to constant mechanical stresses including: heart valves, tendons, perichondrium, cornea, and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Based on these data we hypothesize that periostin can regulate collagen I fibrillogenesis and thereby affect the biomechanical properties of connective tissues. Immunoprecipitation and immunogold transmission electron microscopy experiments demonstrate that periostin is capable of directly interacting with collagen I. To analyze the potential role of periostin in collagen I fibrillogenesis, gene targeted mice were generated. Transmission electron microscopy and morphometric analyses demonstrated reduced collagen fibril diameters in skin dermis of periostin knockout mice, an indication of aberrant collagen I fibrillogenesis. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated a lower collagen denaturing temperature in periostin knockout mice, reflecting a reduced level of collagen cross‐linking. Functional biomechanical properties of periostin null skin specimens and atrioventricular (AV) valve explant experiments provided direct evidence of the role that periostin plays in regulating the viscoelastic properties of connective tissues. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that periostin can regulate collagen I fibrillogenesis and thereby serves as an important mediator of the biomechanical properties of fibrous connective tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 695–711, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fractionated and acute irradiation induced signaling in a murine tumor
Authors: Mitra Anirban Kumar , Krishna Malini 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effect of fractionated doses of Co60 γ‐irradiation (2 Gy per fraction over 5 days), as is delivered in cancer radiotherapy, was compared with acute doses of 10 and 2 Gy, in a serially transplanted mouse fibrosarcoma grown in Swiss mice. The aspects that were studied included the three major mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases, namely p44 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress‐activated protein (SAP) kinase, which are known to be involved in determining the cell fate following exposure to ionizing radiation. The response of dual specificity phosphatase PAC1 which is involved in the dephosphorylation of MAP kinases was also looked at. There were significant differences in the response to different dose regimens for all the factors studied. Fractionated irradiation elicited an adaptive response with a sustained activation over 7 days of prosurvival p44 MAP kinase which was balanced by the increased activation of proapoptotic p54 SAP kinase up to 1 day post‐irradiation, whereas, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase showed a decrease at most time points. PAC1 was induced following fractionated irradiation and may be acting as a feed back regulator of p44 MAP kinase. The activation of SAP kinase after fractionated irradiation may be a stress response, whereas, constitutively activated p44 MAP kinase may play an important role in the induction of radioresistance during fractionated radiotherapy of cancer and may serve as a promising target for specific inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 745–752, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐1β selectively decreases the synthesis of versican by arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Lemire Joan M. , Chan Christina K. , Bressler Steven , Miller John , LeBaron Richard G. , Wight Thomas N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractProteoglycans accumulate in lesions of atherosclerosis but little is known as to which factors regulate the synthesis of these molecules. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) is a cytokine involved in vascular lesion development but it is not clear whether it has specific effects on proteoglycan synthesis by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Monkey ASMC were treated with IL‐1β and proteoglycan synthesis assessed using [35S]‐sulfate and [35S]‐Trans amino acid labeling. Four prominent size populations of proteoglycans, as determined by SDS–PAGE gradient gel electrophoresis, were observed in the culture medium and identified as versican, biglycan, decorin, and an unknown population that migrated to the gel interface. IL‐1β treatment decreased significantly the synthesis of versican, while increasing the synthesis of decorin, but having no effect on biglycan synthesis. Northern blot analyses confirmed this selective effect on versican and decorin mRNA transcripts. Nuclear run‐on and RNA inhibition studies showed that decreased mRNA for versican was due to increased mRNA degradation and not to changes in transcription. In addition, IL‐1β increased the synthesis of the population of proteoglycans that separated at the SDS–PAGE gel interface. Chondroitinase ABC lyase digestion of this population revealed a complex of proteins composed of versican (350 kDa), an unidentified protein (215 kDa), and a 23 kDa protein identified by sequence analyses as serglycin. These data demonstrate that IL‐1β selectively downregulates versican synthesis by ASMC, while positively regulating the synthesis of other proteoglycans. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 753–766, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NF‐κB pathway is involved in griseofulvin‐induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Uen Yih‐Huei , Liu Der‐Zen , Weng Meng‐Shih , Ho Yuan‐Soon , Lin Shyr‐Yi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGriseofulvin (GF), an oral antifungal agent, has been shown to exert antitumorigenesis effect through G2/M cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. But the underlying mechanisms remained obscure. The purpose of this study is to test the cytotoxic effect of GF on HL‐60 and HT‐29 cells and elucidate its underlying molecular pathways. Dose‐dependent and time‐course studies by flow cytometry demonstrated that 30 to 60 µM GF significantly induced G2/M arrest and to a less extend, apoptosis, in HL‐60 cells. In contrast, only G2/M arrest was observed in HT‐29 cells under similar condition. Pretreatment of 30 µM TPCK, a serine protease inhibitor, completely reversed GF‐induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HL‐60 cells but not in HT‐29 cells. The GF‐induced G2/M arrest in HL‐60 cells is reversible. Using EMSA and super‐shift analysis, we demonstrated that GF stimulated NF‐κB binding activity in HL‐60 cells, which was completely inhibited by pretreatment of TPCK. Treatment of HL‐60 with 30 µM GF activated JNK but not ERK or p38 MAPK and subsequently resulted in phosporylation of Bcl‐2. Pretreatment of TPCK to HL‐60 cells blocked the GF‐induced Bcl‐2 phosphorylation but not JNK activation. Time course study demonstrated that activation of cdc‐2 kinase activity by GF correlated with Bcl‐2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of NF‐κB pathway with cdc‐2 activation and phosphorylation of Bcl‐2 might be involved in G2/M cell cycle arrest in HL‐60 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 101:1165–1175, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.