bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argentine Letters and the Peronato: An Overview
Authors: Stabb Martin S. 
Published: March 2007

In recent years students of contemporary Argentine letters have begun to recognize the importance of the period 1946-1955 as one of crisis, of fundamental reassessment, and of generational strife. Though it would be an oversimplification to assign the cause of these trends to the political and social changes wrought by Juan D. Perón, the study of his regime—particularly as it affected cultural activity—can help put into clearer focus the confusing picture of literary groups, “generations,” and promociones that confronts the student of recent Argentine literature.It should be emphasized that peronismo, for better or for worse, was more than an exclusively political movement: its influence was also farreaching in broad areas of popular culture, social standards, in matters of dress, speech, and in the use of leisure time. Its effects were complex, but on balance they all tended to produce a feeling of relaxation, a looseningup of formalities and traditional practices: stuffed shirts were displaced by descamisados; the normal work week was frequently broken up by strikes and government encouraged vacations; formal attire was no longer required at the opera; and many of the public parks that previously had, by some unwritten law, been considered the semi-private preserve of the middle and upper classes, became crowded with picnicking workers and their families.
Class and Mass in Pre-1964 Brazil
Authors: Nichols Glenn A. 
Published: March 2007

Initial and prolonged military intervention in Brazil beginning with the events of 1964 has been the subject of considerable theorizing. Yet, relatively little data has been produced to support the various theories. As a consequence, scholars are left with a variety of imaginative and cogently stated options but without an ability to decide which of the choices most closely describes the political reality.Direct and prolonged military intervention has been linked to factors external and internal to the military. Theories emphasizing the change of foreign investment patterns beginning in the 1950s (Cardoso, 1973), the persistence of an authoritarian, perhaps, corporativistic culture (Skidmore, 1973; Roett, 1972; Schmitter, 1971 and 1973), economic malaise (Skidmore, 1967; Lewis, 1975; Fishlow, 1973) and the shortcomings of political parties and civilian leadership (Schneider, 1965 and 1971; Tavares, 1970; Stepan, 1971; Reisky de Dubnic, 1968), and stress elements external to the military. Others, the role of the Superior War College in shaping interventionist attitudes among the officer corps (Stepan, 1973) and the military's assumption of the moderating power orpoder moderator(Torres, 1966) stress elements internal to the military.
The Whorehouse and the Whore in Spanish American Fiction of the 1960s
Authors: Schwartz Kessel 
Published: March 2007

Spanish American fiction, from its earliest moments, has emphasized the whore as a reflection of society and the basic drives of human beings. José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi's protagonists associate with numerous prostitutes, and one of them, Don Catrín de la Fachenda, works in a whorehouse. Other nineteenth century whores include the sentimental one in Eugenio Cambaceres's Música Sentimental (1884) and the idealistic one in Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera's El Conspirador (1892).Twentieth century Spanish American fiction is replete with man-eaters like Gallegos's Doña Bárbara, Rivera's Zoraida, Rojas González's Angustias, and with promiscuous types like the oddly named Pura, the sensual dancer of El Embrujo de Sevilla (1922). The prostitute as protagonist, however, enters the century through Augusto D'Halmar's Juana Lucero (1902) and Federico Gamboa's now classic Santa (1903). A poor, seduced, and abandoned country girl, Santa becomes first a high- and then a low-class prostitute in brothels and bordellos.
Seasonality of reproduction in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri Sciureus)
Authors: Trevino Heather S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeasonality of reproduction is believed to be influenced by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and photoperiod. In primates, there has been much speculation about which environmental factors have the greatest influence on reproductive seasonality. To determine whether environmental factors affect seasonality of reproduction of squirrel monkeys in captivity, I used path analysis to compare number of births and matings per month with monkeys kept in indoor enclosures (maintained at optimal temperatures) and those kept in outdoor enclosures (exposed to the elements). Since a different pattern of seasonality was found to occur, I was able to test whether temperature, rainfall, or photoperiod could explain the temporal variation in reproduction. Squirrel monkeys raised in captivity displayed different patterns of seasonality of reproduction, depending on the conditions in which they are housed ($ \chi_3^2=25.12 $, P<0.001; G = 28.10, P<0.001). Temperature seemed to have a large impact on number of births and matings per month (matings: path coefficient = 0.799; births: path coefficient = −1.315). Understanding what factors regulate reproduction for animals and how these factors affect reproduction differently in wild versus captive populations are important to conservation and management of species. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1001–1012, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optic pathway gliomas in neurofibromatosis‐1: Controversies and recommendations
Authors: Listernick Robert , Ferner Rosalie E. , Liu Grant T. , Gutmann David H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOptic pathway glioma (OPG), seen in 15% to 20% of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), account for significant morbidity in young children with NF1. Overwhelmingly a tumor of children younger than 7 years, OPG may present in individuals with NF1 at any age. Although many OPG may remain indolent and never cause signs or symptoms, others lead to vision loss, proptosis, or precocious puberty. Because the natural history and treatment of NF1‐associated OPG is different from that of sporadic OPG in individuals without NF1, a task force composed of basic scientists and clinical researchers was assembled in 1997 to propose a set of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NF1‐associated OPG. This new review highlights advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical behavior of these tumors made over the last 10 years. Controversies in both the diagnosis and management of these tumors are examined. Finally, specific evidence‐based recommendations are proposed for clinicians caring for children with NF1. Ann Neurol 2007;61:189–198
Lithiumdiisopropylamid: Reaktionskinetik in Lösung und Folgerungen für die organische Synthese
Authors: Collum David B. , McNeil Anne J. , Ramirez Antonio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLithiumdiisopropylamid (LDA) ist ein herausragendes Reagens in der organischen Synthese. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert kinetische Untersuchungen von LDA‐vermittelten Reaktionen, wobei eine Unterteilung in drei Abschnitte vorgenommen wird. Der erste Teil gibt eine Einführung in die Reaktionskinetik von LDA‐Lösungen mit Schwerpunkt auf dem charakteristischen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitsverhalten, das von Solvatations‐ und Aggregationseinflüssen bestimmt wird. Im zweiten Teil werden substrat‐ und solvensabhängige Mechanismen zusammengefasst, aus denen sich grundlegende Prinzipien der Solvatation und Aggregatbildung ableiten lassen. Im abschließenden Teil werden Vorschläge gemacht, wie sich Erkenntnisse zu den Reaktionsmechanismen mit empirischen Methoden kombinieren lassen, um Ausbeuten, Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten und Selektivitäten von Organolithiumreaktionen zu optimieren.
Fine structure of Eimer's organ in the coast mole (Scapanus orarius)
Authors: Marasco Paul D. , Tsuruda Pamela R. , Bautista Diana M. , Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEimer's organ is a small, densely innervated sensory structure found on the glabrous rhinarium of most talpid moles. This structure consists of an epidermal papilla containing a central circular column of cells associated with intraepidermal free nerve endings, Merkel cell neurite complexes, and lamellated corpuscles. The free nerve endings within the central cell column form a ring invested in the margins of the column, surrounding 1–2 fibers that pass through the center of the column. A group of small‐diameter nociceptive free nerve endings that are immunoreactive for substance P surrounds this central ring of larger‐diameter free nerve endings. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a high concentration of tonofibrils in the epidermal cells of the central column, suggesting they are more rigid than the surrounding keratinocytes and may play a mechanical role in transducing stimuli to the different receptor terminals. The intraepidermal free nerve endings within the central column begin to degrade 15 μm from the base of the stratum corneum and do not appear to be active within the keratinized outer layer. The peripheral free nerve endings are structurally distinct from their counterparts in the central column and immunocytochemical double labeling with myelin basic protein and substance P indicates these afferents are unmyelinated. Merkel cell‐neurite complexes and lamellated corpuscles are similar in morphology to those found in a range of other mammalian skin. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in surface enhanced poly(methyl methacrylate) microchannels
Authors: Bai Yunling , Huang Wei‐Cho , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel surface treatment method was developed to enhance polymer‐based microchannel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection. By applying an amine‐bearing polymer, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface at pH higher than 11, PEI molecules were covalently attached and their amine groups were introduced to PMMA surface. Zeta potential analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the alkali condition is preferable for PEI attachment onto the PMMA surface. The amine groups on the PMMA surface were then functionalized with glutaraldehyde, whose aldehyde groups served as the active sites for binding the antibody by forming covalent bonds with the amine groups of the protein molecules. This surface modification greatly improved antibody binding efficiency and the microchannel ELISA for E. coli O157:H7 detection. Compared with untreated PMMA microchannels, ∼45 times higher signal and 3 times higher signal/noise ratio were achieved with the PEI surface treatment, which also shortened the time required for cells to bind to the microchannel surface to ∼2 min, much less than that usually required for the same ELISA carried out in 96‐well plates. The detection in the microchannel ELISA only required 5–8 cells per sample, which is also better than 15–30 cells required in multi‐well plates. With the high sensitivity, short assay time, and small reagent consumption, the microchannel ELISA can be economically used for fast detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 328–339. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significance analysis of time‐series transcriptomic data: A methodology that enables the identification and further exploration of the differentially expressed genes at each time‐point
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar , Snyder Robert , Klapa Maria I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTime‐series transcriptional profiling experiments are becoming increasingly popular, in light of the abundance of information regarding a biological system's regulation that they are expected to reveal. However, identification of differentially expressed genes as a function of time and comparison between physiological states based on the genes' variability in significance level over time remain intriguing tasks, due to certain limitations in the currently available algorithms. Based on the principles of significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) method, we developed an algorithm that allows for the identification of the differentially expressed genes at each time‐point of a time sequence, using a common reference distribution and significance threshold for all time‐points. These results are further explored in a systematic way to extract information about (a) individual gene and gene class variability in significance level with time, (b) gene and time‐point correlation based on (a), and (c) gene class comparison based on (a). All algorithms have been programmed in C language in the form of four executable files for both Windows and Macintosh platforms under the overall name MiTimeS. MiTimeS was validated in the context of real transcriptomic data. It enables the extraction of biologically relevant information from the dynamic transcriptomic profiles currently unnoticed from the available algorithms. The applicability of MiTimeS is not limited to transcriptomic data, but it could be accordingly used for the analysis of dynamic data from other cellular fingerprints. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 668–678. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic value of the 16‐detector row multislice spiral computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery stenosis in comparison to invasive coronary angiography
Authors: Deetjen Anja G. , Conradi Guido , Möllmann Susanne , Ekinci Okan , Weber Michael , Nef Holger , Möllmann Helge , Hamm Christian W. , Dill Thorsten 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 16‐slice multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the coronaries and to provide data in a real clinical setting. Previous 16‐slice MSCT studies presented data excluding patients with calcification, vessels of < 1.5 or 2 mm, and segments with impaired image quality. By including these data for 16‐slice MSCT, a direct comparison with new data from 64‐slice MSCT is possible.Methods and resultsSixty two patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) were prospectively enrolled and underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All vessels were evaluated for the presence of a significant coronary artery stenosis (>50%) using the American Heart Association (AHA) 15‐segment model. From the evaluation of 917 segments, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (NPV) (positive predictive value [PPV] and NPV) for the presence of relevant coronary stenosis were 73, 98, and 71 and 98% per segment and 94, 90, and 91 and 93% per patient, respectively. The influence of age, gender, body surface area (BSA), heart rate (HR), stents, and Ca2+‐score value was analyzed. High Ca2+‐score values were the only statistically significant predictor for impaired diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionsIn summary, CTA with evaluation of all vessel segments in a broad spectrum of patients allowed accurate and fast noninvasive coronary artery evaluation, including evaluation of stented segments. These data are very similar to those published recently for 64‐slice scanners. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and gene amplification as predictors of gefitinib efficacy in Japanese patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Sone Takashi , Kasahara Kazuo , Kimura Hideharu , Nishio Kazuto , Mizuguchi Masayuki , Nakatsumi Yasuto , Shibata Kazuhiko , Waseda Yuko , Fujimura Masaki , Nakao Shinji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Because the investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) status as a predictor of gefitinib efficacy in Japanese patients has shown promise, the authors evaluated EGFR mutations and gene amplification in biopsy specimens from Japanese patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with gefitinib to analyze the correlation between EGFR gene status and clinical outcome.METHODS.Fifty‐nine patients were enrolled in this study. EGFR gene amplification was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, and 21 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.RESULTS.EGFR mutations were detected in 17 patients (28.8%). FISH‐positive results were observed in 26 patients (48.1%). The response rate was significantly higher in the patients with EGFR mutations than in the patients without mutations (58.8% vs 14.3%; P = .0005). No significant difference in the response rate was observed between FISH‐positive patients and FISH‐negative patients (31.8% vs 21.4%; P = .4339). EGFR mutation was correlated with both a longer time to progression (TTP) (7.3 months vs 1.8 months; P = .0030) and longer overall survival (OS) (18.9 months vs 6.4 months; P = .0092). No significant differences in TTP or OS were observed between FISH‐positive patients andFISH‐negative patients. The results from a multivariate analysis indicated that EGFR mutations maintained a significant association with longer TTP and longer OS.CONCLUSIONS.The results of this study suggested that EGFR mutations may serve as predictors of response and survival and that the role of EGFR gene amplification is not a predictor of gefitinib efficacy in Japanese patients with NSCLC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Dendritic Morphology in Homeotropically Aligned Discotic Films
Authors: Pisula Wojciech , Kastler Marcel , El Hamaoui Bassem , García‐Gutiérrez Mari‐Cruz , Davies Richard J. , Riekel Christian , Müllen Klaus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA hexa‐alkylether‐substituted hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene, as a discotic liquid crystal, spontaneously homeotropically self‐orients when cooled from the isotropic phase. During this process, a dendritic morphology is formed in which a significant optical difference is observed between the dendritic shapes and their periphery. However, local structural analysis using microfocus synchrotron radiation experiments demonstrate that there is an identical supramolecular order in both areas. Three‐dimensional confocal surface measurements reveal that these dendritic structures result from a dewetting process, which occurs during solidification. Thereby, the contact area between the organic material and the surface is reduced. These results are important for the design of organic electronics, since the reduction of the contact area in an electronic device might inhibit the charge transport between the discotic semiconductor and the electrode.
Elastk‐plastic dynamic analysis of structures using known elastic solutions
Authors: Liu S. C. , Lin T. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA numerical method is shown to analyse the dynamic elastic‐plastic responses of those structures with known elastic solutions. The displacement at one point at time t caused by a unit load applied at another point at zero time, called dynamic influence coefficient, is calculated from the known elastic solutions. Incremental plastic strain is accounted for by a set of additional incremental loads, so the stiffness matrix and the eigenvectors do not vary with time. From the incremental load including that caused by the incremental plastic strain, the displacement vs. time of the structure is obtained.This method is applied to simply supported beams with bilinear stress‐strain relations with different strain‐hardening rates and to a simply supported elastic‐ideally plastic rectangular plate. This procedure can be extended to structures with no available known analytical elastic solutions. For these structures, the elastic solutions can be obtained by the finite element method.
Stochastic analysis of structures and piping systems subjected to stationary multiple support excitations
Authors: Lee Meng‐Chi , Penzien Joseph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA stochastic method has been developed for seismic analysis of structures and piping systems subjected to multiple support excitations. In either the time or the frequency domain, mean and extreme values of structural and piping system response can be found, including the effects of cross‐correlations of modal response and cross‐correlations of multiple support excitations. Stationary white noise and stationary filtered white noise ground excitations are used. A computer program has been developed to carry out the stochastic seismic analysis. Results for a realistic nuclear power plant structure and piping system with and without modal cross‐correlations and support excitation cross‐correlations are compared. From these results, it is concluded that neglecting cross‐correlations can lead to large errors. The stochastic method reported is shown to be more accurate than the response spectrum method and more economical than the time‐history method; therefore, it is recommended for seismic analysis of nuclear power plants.
Periodic response of a sliding oscillator system to harmonic excitation
Authors: Westermo B. , Udwadia F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the periodic response of an oscillating system which is supported on a frictional interface. The base excitation is assumed harmonic and the frictional force is assumed to be of the Coulomb type. Though each segment of the motion of such a system is described by linear equations, its complete response is highly non‐linear and varied. The most fundamental periodic solutions are derived analytically and numerically. The results indicate that such a system has several subharmonic resonant frequencies and that while the friction reduces the peak response of the system when it is excited at its ‘fixed‐base’ natural frequency, ωn, the sliding can induce considerably higher levels of response, when compared with those of a non‐sliding, fixed‐base system, for frequencies less than ωn. The results obtained herein may find application in the area of vibration isolation.
Dynamic stability of a lattice dome
Authors: Coan Christopher H. , Plaut Raymond H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA shallow lattice dome subjected to three independent sets of step or impulse loads is investigated. Symmetric and asymmetric loading distributions are considered. The dynamic response is determined by numerical integration, and critical loads are defined by the Budiansky‐Roth criterion. Interaction curves for fixed maximum response and for snap‐through instability are obtained, and a comparison is made with previous results for static loading.
Towards an optimum model for the response of reinforced concrete beams to cyclic loads
Authors: Stanton John F. , McNiven H. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe paper describes the development of a mathematical model to predict the flexural response of reinforced concrete beams to severe cyclic loading. The model is constructed with the aid of System Identification, which permits the coefficients in it to be so tuned as to replicate with the maximum possible accuracy the results of physical experiments. The uniaxial constitutive behaviour of the concrete and steel are considered separately, and they are then combined through a bond‐slip relationship to form a global model for the composite material. The cyclic stress‐strain law for the steel proves to be critical to the overall accuracy, and a suitable formulation is developed for it. Comparisons between observed and predicted behaviour are presented, both for the steel alone and for the composite material.