bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An infant mouse model of influenza-driven nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
colonization and acute otitis media suitable for preclinical testing of novel therapies
Authors: Landwehr Katherine R. , Granland Caitlyn M. , Martinovich Kelly M. , Scott Naomi M. , Seppanen Elke J. , Berry Luke , Strickland Deborah , Fulurija Alma , Richmond Peter C. , Kirkham Lea-Ann S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHi) is a major otitis media (OM) pathogen, with colonization a prerequisite for disease development. Most acute OM is in children <5 years old, with recurrent and chronic OM impacting hearing and learning. Therapies to prevent NTHi colonization and/or disease are needed, especially for young children. Respiratory viruses are implicated in driving the development of bacterial OM in children. We have developed an infant mouse model of influenza-driven NTHi OM, as a preclinical tool for the evaluation of safety and efficacy of clinical therapies to prevent NTHi colonization and the development of OM. In this model, 100% of infant BALB/cARC mice were colonized with NTHi, and all developed NTHi OM. Influenza A virus (IAV) facilitated the establishment of dense (1 × 10
5
CFU/mL) and long-lasting (6 days) NTHi colonization. IAV was essential for the development of NTHi OM, with 100% of mice in the IAV/NTHi group developing NTHi OM compared with 8% of mice in the NTHi only group. Histological analysis and cytokine measurements revealed that the inflammation observed in the middle ear of the infant mice with OM reflected inflammation observed in children with OM. We have developed the first infant mouse model of NTHi colonization and OM. This ascension model uses influenza-driven establishment of OM and reflects the clinical pathology of bacterial OM developing after a respiratory virus infection. This model provides a valuable tool for testing therapies to prevent or treat NTHi colonization and disease in young children.
Draft genome sequence of
Leuconostoc falkenbergense
isolated from naturally fermented buffalo milk curd
Authors: Habiba Mst. Umme , Hoque M. Nazmul , Ahmed Shabbir , Islam Tofazzal , Deb Gautam Kumar , Rahman Md. Morshedur 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study reports the draft genome of
Leuconostoc falkenbergense
strain BSMRAU-M1L5, isolated from artisanal buffalo milk curd in Bangladesh. The draft genome spans 1,776,471 bp, with 50× coverage and 96 contigs.
Can transcutaneous bilirubinometry safely be used to monitor rebound hyperbilirubinaemia after phototherapy in neonates ≥35 weeks’ gestation? A prospective, comparative study
Authors: Butterworth Frances Rose , Boulton Richard , Campbell Shona , Frew Gillian , Mactier Helen 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThere is insufficient evidence to determine if non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurement can replace serum bilirubin (SBR) in assessing rebound hyperbilirubinaemia after phototherapy.ObjectiveTo investigate if TcB can safely guide management of neonates after phototherapy.Subjects100 well neonates ≥35 weeks’ gestation who had received inpatient phototherapy.MethodMeasurement of both helix (manufacturer’s recommendation) and earlobe TcB coincidentally with routine SBR 12 hours after cessation of phototherapy. All mothers gave written informed consent.ResultsGestation ranged from 35+0to 41+5(median 37+6) weeks; birth weight 2018–4566 (median 3230) g; age 55–222 (median 109) hours at testing. 86% neonates were Caucasian. Outcomes determined by SBR included restarting phototherapy (n=0), repeat SBR next day (n=29), no further routine follow-up (n=71).TcB and SBR measurements were unpredictably inconsistent. Helix TcB tended to underestimate SBR (mean difference 50.1 (95% CI 113.9 to -13.7) μmols/L); for earlobe TcB mean difference was -13.4 (95% CI 46.3 to -73.2) μmols/L (overestimate), but bias was greater over the range of mean differences. No demographic factor predicted consistency between TcB and SBR. TcB was 25% (helix) and 76% (earlobe) sensitive in predicting repeat phototherapy and/or repeat SBR; specificities were 92% and 58%, respectively. Adding a safety margin of 120 μmols/L to helix TcB value could have safely avoided invasive SBR measurement in 50/98 (51%) babies.ConclusionsConsistency between TcB and rebound SBR is unpredictable in well neonates>35 weeks’ gestation but adopting a wide safety margin has potential to reduce blood sampling. Recommencement of phototherapy is uncommon in this population.
Are toddlers with neurosensory impairment more difficult to follow up? A secondary analysis of the hPOD follow-up study
Authors: Lord Libby , Rogers Jenny , Gamble Greg D , Harding Jane E 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo describe strategies used to maximise follow-up after a neonatal randomised trial, how these differed for families of different ethnicity, socioeconomic status and urban versus rural residence and investigate relationships between the difficulty of follow-up and rate of neurosensory impairment.MethodhPOD was a multicentre randomised trial assessing oral dextrose gel prophylaxis for neonatal hypoglycaemia. Follow-up at 2 years was conducted from 2017 to 2021. We analysed all recorded contacts between the research team and participants’ families. Neurosensory impairment was defined as blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy, developmental delay or executive function impairment.ResultsOf 1321 eligible participants, 1197 were assessed (91%) and 236/1194 (19.8%) had neurosensory impairment. Participants received a median of five contacts from the research team (range 1–23). Those from more deprived areas and specific ethnicities received more contacts, particularly home tracking visits and home assessments. Impairment was more common among participants receiving more contacts (relative risk 1.81, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.44 for ≥7 contacts vs <7 contacts), and among those assessed after the intended age (76/318, 23.9% if >25 months vs 160/876, 18.3% if ≤25 months).ConclusionsVaried contact strategies and long timeframes are required to achieve a high follow-up rate. Without these, the sociodemographics of children assessed would not have been representative of the entire cohort, and the rate of neurosensory impairment would have been underestimated. To maximise follow-up after randomised trials, substantial effort and resources are needed to ensure that data are useful for clinical decision-making.
Use of neonatal lung ultrasound in European neonatal units: a survey by the European Society of Paediatric Research
Authors: Alonso-Ojembarrena Almudena , Ehrhardt Harald , Cetinkaya Merih , Lavizzari Anna , Szczapa Tomasz , Sartorius Victor , Rocha Gustavo , Sindelar Richard , Wald Martin , Heiring Christian , Soukka Hanna , Danhaive Olivier , Roehr Charles C , Cucerea Manuela , Calkovska Andrea , Dimitriou Gabriel , Barzilay Bernard , Klingenberg Claus , Schulzke Sven , Plavka Richard , Tameliene Rasa , O'Donnell Colm Patrick Finbarr , van Kaam Anton H 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveRegarding the use of lung ultrasound (LU) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Europe, to assess how widely it is used, for what indications and how its implementation might be improved.Design and interventionInternational online survey.ResultsReplies were received from 560 NICUs in 24 countries between January and May 2023. LU uptake varied considerably (20%–98% of NICUs) between countries. In 428 units (76%), LU was used for clinical indications, while 34 units (6%) only used it for research purposes. One-third of units had <2 years of experience, and only 71 units (13%) had >5 years of experience. LU was mainly performed by neonatologists. LU was most frequently used to diagnose respiratory diseases (68%), to evaluate an infant experiencing acute clinical deterioration (53%) and to guide surfactant treatment (39%). The main pathologies diagnosed by LU were pleural effusion, pneumothorax, transient tachypnoea of the newborn and respiratory distress syndrome. The main barriers for implementation were lack of experience with technical aspects and/or image interpretation. Most units indicated that specific courses and an international guideline on neonatal LU could promote uptake of this technique.ConclusionsAlthough LU has been adopted in neonatal care in most European countries, the uptake is highly variable. The main indications are diagnosis of lung disease, evaluation of acute clinical deterioration and guidance of surfactant. Implementation may be improved by developing courses and publishing an international guideline.
Randomised clinical trial of extended depth of focus lenses for controlling myopia progression: Outcomes from SEED LVPEI Indian Myopia Study
Authors: Manoharan Manoj K , Verkicharla Pavan K 
Published: April 2024

PurposeTo determine the efficacy of extended depth of focus (EDOF) contact lenses for controlling myopia progression in children through a 1-year randomised clinical trial.MethodsA total of 104 children aged 7–15 years, with spherical equivalent refraction ≤−0.50 D, were randomly assigned to wear SEED 1 dayPure EDOF Mid contact lenses (n=48) or single vision spectacle lenses (n=56). Cycloplegic refraction with Shin-Nippon open field autorefractor and axial length with Lenstar LS 900 was determined at the baseline and 12-month visits. The compliance, visual discomfort and dryness questionnaires were administered during the final visit.ResultsSixty-nine children (control: n=38; treatment: 31) completed the 12-month follow-up visit, with no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups. Mean (SEM) myopia progression in the 12th month was −0.48±0.07D in the control group and −0.20±0.08D in the treatment group. Mean axial elongation was 0.22±0.03 mm and 0.11±0.03 mm in the control and treatment groups, respectively. SEED 1 dayPure EDOF Mid contact lenses slowed myopia progression by 59% (−0.28D; p=0.01) based on spherical equivalent refraction and controlled axial length by 49% (0.11 mm; p=0.007) in comparison to single vision spectacle lenses. None of the participants reported any adverse effects. While most of the participants (82%) were comfortable with the contact lenses, 11% reported occasional dryness and 14% experienced mild fluctuations in visual acuity after immediate lens wear.ConclusionDaily wear of SEED 1 dayPure EDOF Mid contact lenses in Indian children showed a significant effect in controlling myopia progression and axial elongation.
Design considerations for the migration from paper to screen-based media in current health education for older adults: a scoping review
Authors: Ferraz Larissa Taveira , Santos Anna Julia Tavares , Lorenzi Lorena Jorge , Frohlich David Mark , Barley Elizabeth , Castro Paula Costa 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo map the current use of paper-based and/or screen-based media for health education aimed at older people.DesignA scoping review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses for Scoping Reviews checklist.Data sourcesThe search was carried out in seven databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, ACM Guide to Computing Literature, PsycINFO), with studies available from 2012 to the date of the search in 2022, in English, Portuguese, Italian or Spanish. In addition, Google Scholar was searched to check the grey literature. The terms used in the search strategy were older adults, health education, paper and screen-based media, preferences, intervention and other related terms.Eligibility criteriaStudies included were those that carried out health education interventions for older individuals using paper and/or screen-based media and that described barriers and/or facilitators to using these media.Data extraction and synthesisThe selection of studies was carried out by two reviewers. A data extraction form was developed with the aim of extracting and recording the main information from the studies. Data were analysed descriptively using Bardin’s content analysis.ResultsThe review included 21 studies that carried out health education interventions with different purposes, the main ones being promotion of physical activity, hypertension prevention and psychological health. All 21 interventions involved screen-based media on computers, tablets, smartphones and laptops, while only 4 involved paper-based media such as booklets, brochures, diaries, flyers and drawings. This appears to reflect a transition from paper to screen-based media for health education for the older population, in research if not in practice. However, analysis of facilitators and barriers to using both media revealed 10 design factors that could improve or reduce their use, and complementarity in their application to each media type. For example, screen-based media could have multimedia content, additional functionality and interactivity through good interaction design, but have low accessibility and require additional learning due to complex interface design. Conversely, paper-based media had static content and low functionality but high accessibility and availability and a low learning cost.ConclusionsWe recommend having improved screen-based media design, continued use of paper-based media and the possible combination of both media through the new augmented paper technology.Registration numberOpen Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GKEAH).
Further development and validation of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ)
Authors: Duncan Polly , Scott Lauren J , Dawson Shoba , Munas Muzrif , Pyne Yvette , Chaplin Katherine , Gaunt Daisy , Guenette Line , Salisbury Chris 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo undertake further psychometric testing of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and examine whether reversing the scale reduced floor effects.DesignSurvey.SettingUK primary care.ParticipantsAdults (≥18 years) with three or more long-term conditions randomly selected from four general practices and invited by post.MeasuresBaseline survey: sociodemographics, MTBQ (original or version with scale reversed), Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ), four questions (from QQ-10) on ease of completing the questionnaires. Follow-up survey (1–4 weeks after baseline): MTBQ, TBQ and QQ-10. Anonymous data collected from electronic GP records: consultations (preceding 12 months) and long-term conditions. The proportion of missing data and distribution of responses were examined for the original and reversed versions of the MTBQ and the TBQ. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s rank correlation (Rs) assessed test–retest reliability and construct validity, respectively. Ease of completing the MTBQ and TBQ was compared. Interpretability was assessed by grouping global MTBQ scores into 0 and tertiles (>0).Results244 adults completed the baseline survey (consent rate 31%, mean age 70 years) and 225 completed the follow-up survey. Reversing the scale did not reduce floor effects or data skewness. The global MTBQ scores had good test–retest reliability (ICC for agreement at baseline and follow-up 0.765, 95% CI 0.702 to 0.816). Global MTBQ score was correlated with global TBQ score (Rs0.77, p<0.001), weakly correlated with number of consultations (Rs0.17, p=0.010), and number of different general practitioners consulted (Rs0.23, p<0.001), but not correlated with number of long-term conditions (Rs−0.063, p=0.330). Most participants agreed that both the MTBQ and TBQ were easy to complete and included aspects they were concerned about.ConclusionThis study demonstrates test–retest reliability and ease of completion of the MTBQ and builds on a previous study demonstrating good content validity, construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire.
Clinical and nutritional correlates of bacterial diarrhoea aetiology in young children: a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the ABCD trial
Authors: Somji Sarah , Ashorn Per , Manji Karim , Ahmed Tahmeed , Chisti Md , Dhingra Usha , Sazawal Sunil , Singa Benson , Walson Judd L , Pavlinac Patricia , Bar-Zeev Naor , Houpt Eric , Dube Queen , Kotloff Karen , Sow Samba , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Qamar Farah , Bahl Rajiv , De Costa Ayesha , Simon Jonathon , Sudfeld Christopher R , Duggan Christopher P 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe objective was to assess the association between nutritional and clinical characteristics and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-diagnosis of bacterial diarrhoea in a multicentre cohort of children under 2 years of age with moderate to severe diarrhoea (MSD).DesignA secondary cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from the AntiBiotics for Children with Diarrhoea trial (NCT03130114).PatientsChildren with MSD (defined as>3 loose stools within 24 hours and presenting with at least one of the following: some/severe dehydration, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) or severe stunting) enrolled in the ABCD trial and collected stool sample.Study periodJune 2017–July 2019.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresLikely bacterial aetiology of diarrhoea. Secondary outcomes included specific diarrhoea aetiology.ResultsA total of 6692 children with MSD had qPCR results available and 28% had likely bacterial diarrhoea aetiology. Compared with children with severe stunting, children with MAM (adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) 1.56 (1.18 to 2.08)), some/severe dehydration (aOR (95% CI) 1.66 (1.25 to 2.22)) or both (aOR (95% CI) 2.21 (1.61 to 3.06)), had higher odds of having likely bacterial diarrhoea aetiology. Similar trends were noted for stable toxin-enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliaetiology. Clinical correlates including fever and prolonged duration of diarrhoea were not associated with likely bacterial aetiology; children with more than six stools in the previous 24 hours had higher odds of likely bacterial diarrhoea (aOR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.05 to 1.36)) compared with those with fewer stools.ConclusionThe presence of MAM, dehydration or high stool frequency may be helpful in identifying children with MSD who might benefit from antibiotics.
‘Joining the Dots: Linking Prenatal Drug Exposure to Childhood and Adolescence’ – research protocol of a population cohort study
Authors: Lawler Kate , Dronavalli Mithilesh , Page Andrew , Lee Evelyn , Uebel Hannah , Bajuk Barbara , Burns Lucinda , Dickson Michelle , Green Charles , Dicair Lauren , Eastwood John , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionPrenatal drug exposure (PDE) is one of the most important causes of child harm, but comprehensive information about the long-term outcomes of the families is difficult to ascertain. TheJoining the Dotscohort study uses linked population data to understand the relationship between services, therapeutic interventions and outcomes of children with PDE.Methods and analysisInformation from routinely collected administrative databases was linked for all births registered in New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 1 July 2001 and 31 December 2020 (n=1 834 550). Outcomes for seven mutually exclusive groups of children with varying prenatal exposure to maternal substances of addiction, including smoking, alcohol, prescription/illicit drugs and neonatal abstinence syndrome will be assessed. Key exposure measures include maternal drug use type, maternal social demographics or social determinants of health, and maternal physical and mental health comorbidities. Key outcome measures will include child mortality, academic standardised testing results, rehospitalisation and maternal survival. Data analysis will be conducted using Stata V.18.0.Ethics and disseminationApprovals were obtained from the NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee (29 June 2020; 2019/ETH12716) and the Australian Capital Territory Health Human Research Ethics Committee (11 October 2021; 2021-1231, 2021-1232, 2021-1233); and the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council (5 July 2022; 1824/21), and all Australian educational sectors: Board of Studies (government schools), Australian Independent Schools and Catholic Education Commission (D2014/120797). Data were released to researchers in September 2022. Results will be presented in peer-reviewed academic journals and at international conferences. Collaborative efforts from similar datasets in other countries are welcome.
Arteriovenous shunts of the cervical spine: patient demographics, presentation, patterns of high-risk venous drainage, and updated classification
Authors: Isikbay Masis , Caton M Travis , Mattay Raghav , Han Woody , Cooke Daniel L , Raper Daniel , Winkler Ethan A , Savastano Luis , Narsinh Kazim H , Hetts Steven W , Amans Matthew Robert 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIntracranial dural arteriovenous (AV) fistula classifications focus on presence/absence of retrograde flow in the cortical veins of the brain as this angiographic finding portends a worse prognosis. However, prior categorization systems of AV shunts in the spine do not incorporate these features. We propose an updated classification for spinal shunting lesions that terms any shunting lesion with retrograde flow in any cortical vein of the brain or spinal cord medullary vein as “high risk”. To present this classification, we analyzed our center’s most recent experience with cervical spine shunting lesions.MethodsThe electronic medical record at our institution was reviewed to identify shunting lesions of the cervical spine and patient demographics/presentation. Comprehensive craniospinal digital subtraction angiograms were evaluated to classify shunt location, type (arteriovenous malformation (AVM) vs arteriovenous fistula (AVF)), and presence of high-risk venous drainage.ResultsSome 52 lesions were identified and categorized as pial/dural/epidural/paravertebral AVFs and intramedullary/extraspinal AVMs. Lesions were classified as high risk or not depending on the presence of retrograde flow into at least one vein that directly drains the spinal cord or brain. All patients who presented with either hemorrhage or infarct had underlying high-risk lesions. Additionally, 50% (17/34) of symptomatic patients with high-risk lesions presented with neurological extremity symptoms (OR=10.0, p=0.037) most of which fit a myelopathic pattern.ConclusionWe present an updated classification system for shunting lesions of the spine that focuses on high-risk retrograde flow to the brain or spine in addition to anatomical location in order to better inform patient management.