bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Handling of the Credit Suisse Failure in Light of the FSB’s Key Attributes for Global Systemically Important Banks
Authors: Grünewald Seraina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On 19 March 2023, the Swiss authorities announced that UBS would acquire its failing competitor Credit Suisse in a state-facilitated merger to avoid its resolution. What is seen by some observers as a blunt violation of international standards warrants an objective and balanced assessment. This article provides such an assessment, contrasting the measures taken on 19 March 2023 with alternative courses of action contemplated by the Swiss authorities and evaluating their outcome in light of the international framework devised for resolving global systemically important banks—the Key Attributes of the Financial Stability Board. The assessment shows that the handling of Credit Suisse’s failure was far from a bailout like those seen during the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. While the Swiss authorities chose not to apply their legal powers to put Credit Suisse into resolution, many aspects of the resolution framework fulfilled their intended purpose. Nevertheless, the article points to three key lessons for the further development of global resolution frameworks: (1) avoiding the risks associated with creating yet bigger banks should become an explicit objective of resolution planning; (2) preserving strategic optionality in resolution planning will significantly enhance the chances of successfully deploying resolution actions; and (3) resolution planning as well as a credible public sector backstop must cater for the ample funding needs during and after the resolution of global systemically important banks.
Double Coalitions in Graphs
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Mojdeh Doost Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A set S of vertices in a graph G is a dominating set of G if every vertex not in S has a neighbor in S, where two vertices are neighbors if they are adjacent. If G is isolate-free, then a set

$$S \subseteq V(G)$$

S
⊆
V
(
G
)

is a double dominating set of G, if every vertex in

$$V(G) \setminus S$$

V
(
G
)
\
S

has at least two neighbors in S, and every vertex in S has a neighbor in S. A double coalition in G consists of two disjoint sets of vertices X and Y of G, neither of which is a double dominating set but whose union

$$X \cup Y$$

X
∪
Y

is a double dominating set of G. Such sets X and Y are said to form a double coalition. A double coalition partition in G is a vertex partition

$$\Psi = \{V_1,V_2,\ldots ,V_k\}$$

Ψ
=
{

V
1

,

V
2

,
…
,

V
k

}

such that for all

$$i \in [k]$$

i
∈
[
k
]

, the set

$$V_i$$

V
i

forms a double coalition with another set

$$V_j$$

V
j

for some j, where

$$j \in [k] \setminus \{i\}$$

j
∈
[
k
]
\
{
i
}

. The double coalition number,

$$\textrm{DC}(G)$$

DC
(
G
)

, of G equals the maximum order of a double coalition partition in G. We prove that every isolate-free graph has a double coalition partition, and we show that

$$2 \le \textrm{DC}(G) \le n$$

2
≤
DC
(
G
)
≤
n

and we characterize the graphs G satisfying

$$\textrm{DC}(G) = 2$$

DC
(
G
)
=
2

and the graphs G satisfying

$$\textrm{DC}(G) = n$$

DC
(
G
)
=
n

. We show that

$$\textrm{DC}(G) \ge \delta (G) + 1$$

DC
(
G
)
≥
δ
(
G
)
+
1

where

$$\delta (G)$$

δ
(
G
)

denotes the minimum degree among the vertices of G. We show that if

$$\delta (G) \in \{1,2\}$$

δ
(
G
)
∈
{
1
,
2
}

, then

$$\textrm{DC}(G) \le \Delta (G) + 1$$

DC
(
G
)
≤
Δ
(
G
)
+
1

where

$$\Delta (G)$$

Δ
(
G
)

denotes the maximum degree among the vertices of G. However we show that there exist graphs G with

$$\delta (G) \ge 6$$

δ
(
G
)
≥
6

satisfying

$$\textrm{DC}(G) > \Delta (G) + 1$$

DC
(
G
)
>
Δ
(
G
)
+
1

. We determine the double coalition number of special classes of graphs. In particular, we determine the double coalition number of every cubic graph G and show that

$$\textrm{DC}(G) = 4$$

DC
(
G
)
=
4

always holds.
Comparison of Three Quality Assurance Methods for Clinical Ultrasound Devices
Authors: Vuorenmaa Anna , Koivikko Anastasia , Siitama Eetu , Aarnio Jussi , Linder Pia , Heikkinen Jari , Eskola Hannu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the work was to compare the performance of different ultrasound quality assurance methods in finding transducer defects. For this, three different commonly used ultrasound QA methods were studied and compared.

Methods

The integrity of 99 US transducers was measured using the FirstCall transducer test in two tertiary healthcare centers in Finland. Thereafter, the ability of three different quality assurance methods (the FirstCall sensitivity test, in-air reverberation test, and uniformity test) to find defective probes was evaluated with a sub-group (N=37) of probes. All sensors were classified as either defective or functional according to predefined criteria.

Results

According to the 99 FirstCall measurement reports, 31% of the transducers were defective. The sensitivity test, in-air test, and uniformity test identified 27, 27, and 14% of the transducers, respectively, as defective. The agreement between the three quality assurance methods was 78%.

Conclusion

Even if ultrasound quality assurance is performed systematically, the number of undetected defective transducers can still be high. FirstCall allows the transducers to be measured independently and is useful in testing the sensitivity and capacitance of each element and the wiring. The in-air reverberation test is effective in finding transducer failures. It is the easiest and fastest to implement and is therefore recommended to be performed regularly for all ultrasound transducers in clinical use along with the mechanical inspection. The uniformity test requires a phantom and can be used to confirm a possible defect found by the two other methods.
A global study on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the modern cow leather industry
Authors: Brugnoli F. , Sena K. , Zugno L. , Oggioni A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The leather industry lacks aggregated studies regarding the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of leather production. Existing studies to date are outdated, incomplete, use old methodologies, or do not represent the whole leather segment. There is a need for more complete, reliable, and updated studies in modern state-of-the-art leather production sites (tanneries), which are more representative of global leather production than the current limited and isolated studies. This work aims to provide an average LCA for the leather industry, without focusing on specific tanneries or locations. The goal is to produce high quality, up-to-date, and aggregated LCA data that accurately represents leather in comparison with synthetic and alternative materials. SimaPro 9.1.0.8 [1],a robust and reliable LCA software used to ensure the credibility of life cycle assessment results, and the Ecoinvent 3.6 [2] database, that features more than 2,200 new and 2,500 updated datasets, were used to conduct 56 LCA studies of bovine leathers produced by 6 leather groups in 16 facilities distributed among eleven countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Italy, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Vietnam) and for different types of leather (automotive, shoe, upholstery, and leather goods) that represent most types of leathers produced globally. The ISO 14044 [3] LCA methodology was used for LCA and life cycle inventory (LCI) studies providing the scope, interpretation, reporting, and critical review of the LCA. The LCA results indicate that, of the six impact categories studied (Global Warming, Eutrophication, Abiotic Depletion, Water Use, Water Consumption, and Freshwater Ecotoxicity), the farming stage (upstream) significantly contributes to the impact of five of them. A need for more basic data on raw material allocation, processing, and chemicals was identified. Nonetheless, the study revealed that the values for several parameters were much lower than previously indicated, particularly regarding allocation to raw materials. These new results can be used as a benchmark for complementary studies in this area and to recommend opportunities for process improvements that will make the leather industry more sustainable in the future. The paper contains important information for understanding the LCA hot spots and provides insights into the industry regarding the improvements needed in specific process areas. It also allows for a better understanding of data gaps that, when addressed, will allow for more reliable aggregated bovine leather LCAs.
Molecular dynamics of plant-virus interactions: unravelling the dual role of ubiquitin proteasome system
Authors: Sharma Veerendra , Devendran Ragunathan , Kumar Manish , Prajapati Ramgopal , Kumar Ritesh , Prakash Ved 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plants response to various biotic and abiotic factors requires not only the de novo synthesis of proteins and enzymes but also their precise and timely degradation. The latter is achieved through protein degradation machinery such as the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPS). The UPS plays a central role in maintaining cellular physiology and orchestrating plant response to stresses responses. The UPS regulates all stages of defense response from pathogen perception to mounting defense response, this make the UPS a suitable candidate for host manipulation. Viruses are obligatory intracellular pathogens and master of manipulating host defense machinery for successful infection and spread. Several reports suggest a dynamic interaction between the host UPS machinery and viruses. This review focuses on our current understanding of the involvement of UPS in defense against plant viruses and how viruses have evolved mechanisms to counter and exploit UPS machinery for their advantage.
Human rights and taxation in the digital economy: data tax and the right to science
Authors: Lamchek Jayson S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Data tax (DT) could re-establish states’ legitimacy by governing economic actors and promoting social solidarity and welfare through benefits. However, the overall impact of DT will depend on decisions about what social benefits DT funds (universal basic income or less expensive public goods) and whether benefits will entrench or challenge harmful business models and practices. Focusing on the right to science (RtS), the paper argues that DT could realise the RtS in the digital age through taxation that exacted not only data rent but also rent on the scientific heritage. Finally, the paper emphasises the need for international coordination to ensure that DT is equitably shared among developed and less developed countries.
Attention-related impairment and contributing neuroinflammatory signaling in the prefrontal cortex of perinatal nicotine-exposed mice
Authors: Uygun Sabide Duygu , Kose Tansu Bilge , Bahadır-Varol Aslıhan , Uzay Burak , Eren-Koçak Emine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Previous studies on the etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) highlight high heritability, structural/functional brain abnormalities, and dopamine/noradrenaline imbalances, emphasizing gene-environment interactions. While maternal smoking during pregnancy and low-grade peripheral inflammation have been implicated, its neurobiological basis remains incompletely understood. Our aim was to elucidate neuroinflammatory signaling contributing to ADHD and investigate behavioural and molecular changes in a mouse model.

Methods:
We examined neuroinflammatory signaling using prenatal nicotine exposed (PNE) mice via immunohistochemistry combined with cortical thickness (CT) measurement in the subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Mice were exposed to nicotine via drinking water containing 300 μg/ml nicotine and 2% sucrose until weaning 2 weeks prior to mating to induce ADHD-like symptoms, as opposed to controls receiving drinking water containing 2% sucrose alone. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess ADHD-like behaviors and accompanying anxiety on postnatal week 5. Inflammatory pathways in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) were examined using Iba-1 and NF-κB immunolabeling, and microglial morphology was analyzed.

Results:
Findings showed increased CT, microglial cell number, activity, and NF-κB activation in the ACC, which correlated with attention-related impairment in PNE mice. Increased Iba-1 levels in the PL and IL, along with elevated NF-κB activation in the IL, were observed in PNE mice, which corresponded with a significant increase in anxiety-like behaviors compared to controls. PNE mice also morphologically exhibited microglia activation in all three subregions.

Conclusion:
Perinatal nicotine exposure contributes to ADHD development through neuroinflammatory signaling, a common end pathway.
When hearts meet minds: complementary effects of perspective-getting and information on refugee inclusion
Authors: Adida Claire L. , Lo Adeline , Platas Melina , Prather Lauren , Williamson Scott 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In a time of unprecedented displacement, hostility toward refugees is widespread. Two common strategies refugee advocates pursue to counter hostility and promote inclusion are perspective-getting exercises and providing information that corrects misperceptions. In this study, we evaluate whether these strategies are effective across four outcomes commonly used to measure outgroup inclusion: warmth toward refugees, policy preferences, behavior, and beliefs about a common misperception concerning refugees. Using three studies with nearly 15,000 Americans, we find that information and perspective-getting affect different outcomes. We show that combining both interventions produces an additive effect on all outcomes, that neither strategy enhances the other, but that bundling the strategies may prevent backfire effects. Our results underscore the promise and limits of both strategies for promoting inclusion.
ON GALOIS GROUPS OF POWER COMPOSITIONAL NONIC POLYNOMIALS
Authors: AWTREY CHAD , PATANE FRANK , TOONE BRIAN 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

$g(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c$

and

$f(x)=g(x^3)$

be irreducible polynomials with rational coefficients, and let

$ {\mathrm{Gal}}(f)$

be the Galois group of

$f(x)$

over

$\mathbb {Q}$

. We show

$ {\mathrm{Gal}}(f)$

is one of 11 possible transitive subgroups of

$S_9$

, defined up to conjugacy; we use

$ {\mathrm{Disc}}(f)$

,

$ {\mathrm{Disc}}(g)$

and two additional low-degree resolvent polynomials to identify

$ {\mathrm{Gal}}(f)$

. We further show how our method can be used for determining one-parameter families for a given group. Also included is a related algorithm that, given a field

$L/\mathbb {Q}$

, determines when L can be defined by an irreducible polynomial of the form

$g(x^3)$

and constructs such a polynomial when it exists.
Dietary glycemic index and insulin index in association with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults
Authors: Sarsangi Peyman , Mohammadi Mohammad , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Mirzaei Masoud 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
There is a lack of information from Middle Eastern countries regarding diet-disease associations. We examined dietary glycemic and insulinemic potential in relation to risk of incident diabetes among a large group of Iranian adults. The present study was carried out using data from Yazd Health Study (YaHS)-Taghzieh Mardom Yazd (TAMYZ), a prospective cohort study on adults aged 20 to 70 years in Yazd Greater Area, Iran. This study was initiated in 2014-2016 (baseline examination) and data are collected prospectively at one 5-year intervals. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary intakes, and potential confounders were gathered by interview. During the follow-up phase of the study, diabetes incidence was confirmed by laboratory tests and physician diagnoses. This study included a total of 6178 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 5105 subjects in the prospective phase. Examining the cross-sectional phase, we failed to find any significant association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) as well as dietary insulin index (DII) or dietary insulin load (DIL) and prevalence of diabetes. No significant relationship was also seen between DII/DIL and risk of T2DM in the prospective phase; however, in the stratified analysis by BMI status, there was an inverse significant association between DII and risk of T2DM (HR for T3 vs. T1: 0.19; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.92; P=0.03) in non-obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI<25 kg/m2)participants. No significant association was found between dietary GI/ dietary GL/ DII/ or DIL with risk of T2DM. More research, particularly with a longer follow-up duration, is needed to confirm these findings.
Gradual increase in energy intake over 8 weeks with voluntary wheel running limits body weight change in male rats
Authors: Durocher Isabelle , Grant Daniel S. , Bomhof Marc R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The influence of appetite and energy intake on energy compensation in response to chronic exercise remains poorly understood. This study examined the temporal impact of habitual exercise on energy intake and the homeostatic appetite regulators that influence energy compensation. Twelve-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats (n=30) fed an AIN-93M diet were randomised into 1 of 3 groups: 1) sedentary control (SED); 2) voluntary wheel exercise (EX); and 3) sedentary, weight-matched to aerobic exercise (SED-WM) for 8 weeks. Measures of energy intake, body weight, and adiposity were assessed. Appetite-regulating hormones acyl-ghrelin, active GLP-1, leptin, and insulin were measured in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. Rats with running wheels completed an average of 192kms over 8 weeks. While energy intake was initially reduced in EX, energy intake gradually increased with exercise training after week 1 (P<0.05). Body weight was lower in EX relative to SED from weeks 3-5, but did not differ at the end of the study. Fat mass and long-term satiety hormones leptin and insulin were lower in EX (P<0.05). No differences were observed in concentrations of the satiety hormone active GLP-1 or the orexigenic hormone acyl-ghrelin. Short-term homeostatic regulators of appetite do not appear to be altered with exercise training. The reduction in adiposity and associated decrease in tonic satiety hormones leptin and insulin are likely contributors to the coupling of energy expenditure with energy intake over time with voluntary exercise.
Comparative study of fat content, profile and quality of fatty acid in three species of Carangidae of southwestern Mediterranean
Authors: Mohdeb Rima , Boutaoui Nassima , Merabet Loubna , Acila Meriem , Roula Amel , Roula Souad Dina , Kara Mohamed Hichem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work focuses on the study of three pelagic fish species of the same genus, caught from the south-western coasts of the Mediterranean. It concerns lipid content, fatty acid profile and nutritional quality (atherogenic index, thrombogenicity index, ratio between hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids and n6-to-n3 ratio) of Trachurus trachurus, Trachurus mediterraneus and Trachurus picturatus. Lipid extraction and esterification were carried out on the flesh of each species, and fatty acid methyl esters were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The obtained results show that lipid content mean values vary between 2.87 and 5.06%, saturated fatty acids contents range from 37.51 to 53.23%, monounsaturated fatty acids content range from 29.24 to 37.65% and polyunsaturated fatty acids content range from 9.11 to 33.24% according to species. Also, the different mean values of indexes describing the nutritional quality vary significantly depending on species. That confirms the good quality of studied species and their importance for human nutrition and health, hence the urgent need to preserve their stocks.
Northward expansion of the Critically Endangered Arabian leopard in Dhofar, Oman
Authors: Al Hikmani Hadi , Al Hikmani Khalid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Critically Endangered Arabian leopard Panthera pardus nimr was believed to be absent from the Nejd region in Dhofar Governorate, Oman. However, a scat confirmed by DNA analysis in 2011 and camera-trap images from 2014 confirmed the presence of the leopard in this region. During 2014–2021, our camera traps documented at least eight individual leopards, demonstrating the species is resident and breeding in the region. This finding extends the Arabian leopard's known range in Oman by c. 40 km northwards. To improve detection probability, we recommend that camera-trap surveys for the leopard in the Arabian Peninsula are of at least 18 weeks duration. We advocate the designation of central and western areas of the Nejd as a National Nature Reserve, to protect critical habitat for the Arabian leopard and for other species in this region.
The Rousseauian roots of neorealism
Authors: Clarkson Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Does neorealism contain a conception of human nature? Although neorealists usually claim to sidestep the question of human nature altogether, scholars frequently trace the theory back to the work of Thomas Hobbes, a philosopher who in fact defended a robust account of human motivations. As a result, some scholars have concluded that neorealism contains a Hobbesian view of human nature. Against the conventional wisdom, this article argues that neorealism contains a Rousseauian philosophical anthropology. Whereas Hobbes provides a deeply pessimistic account of human motivations, Rousseau combines optimism about human motivations with pessimism about social structures. Rousseau’s critique of Hobbes profoundly influenced neorealism’s founding father, Kenneth Waltz, a political theorist who later gravitated towards International Relations. After exploring Waltz’s reading of Rousseau and demonstrating Rousseau’s influence on Waltz’s theory, the article investigates what is gained by reading neorealism as Rousseauian. Returning to the Rousseauian roots of neorealism reveals the true character of the tragic heuristic employed in neorealist theory, sheds new light on the role of pity in neorealist foreign policy, and clarifies the logic of the theory itself.
Relative contributions of predictive vs. associative processes to infant looking behavior during language comprehension
Authors: Reuter Tracy E. , Emberson Lauren L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerous developmental findings suggest that infants and toddlers engage predictive processing during language comprehension. However, a significant limitation of this research is that associative (bottom-up) and predictive (top-down) explanations are not readily differentiated. Following adult studies that varied predictiveness relative to semantic-relatedness to differentiate associative vs. predictive processes, the present study used eye-tracking to begin to disentangle the contributions of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms to infants’ real-time language processing. Replicating prior results, infants (14-19 months old) use successive semantically-related words across sentences (e.g., eat, yum, mouth) to predict upcoming nouns (e.g., cookie). However, we also provide evidence that using successive semantically-related words to predict is distinct from the bottom-up activation of the word itself. In a second experiment, we investigate the potential effects of repetition on the findings. This work is the first to reveal that infant language comprehension is affected by both associative and predictive processes.