bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a self-expanding occluding stent for nonsurgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs
Authors: Sisson David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the clinical application of a catheter-delivered, self-expanding occluding stent for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs.Design—Prospective study.Animals—23 client-owned dogs weighing at least 3 kg (6.6 lb).Procedure—Dogs were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and 2-dimensional, M-mode, spectral and color-flow Doppler echocardiography to confirm the diagnosis and obtain baseline measures. Shunt severity and ductal size and anatomy were established by means of angiography. With fluoroscopic guidance, the occluding stent, attached to a delivery cable, was maneuvered though the right side of the heart into the ductus via a prepositioned introducer sheath. After angiographic verification of appropriate stent placement, the delivery cable was detached, and the introducer sheath was withdrawn. Closure of the PDA was evaluated by means of angiography 15 minutes after stent deployment and by echocardiography 1 and 3 months after the procedure.Results—There were no operative deaths. There were 2 deployment failures, both attributable to avoidable operator errors. Angiography performed after stent deployment indicated PDA closure in 13 of 20 (65%) dogs. There were 2 postoperative deaths in dogs with heart failure; both deaths were thought to be unrelated to use of the occluding stent. Complete PDA closure, determined by Doppler color-flow echocardiography, was evident in 17 of 19 dogs within 3 months and in 1 additional dog within 1 year of stent deployment, resulting in closure in 18 of 19 dogs completing the study protocol.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a catheter-delivered occluding stent can be used successfully to close PDAs in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:999–1005)
Evaluation of the effect of cephalexin and enrofloxacin on clinical laboratory measurements of urine glucose in dogs
Authors: Rees Christine A. , Boothe Dawn M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effects of cephalexin
and enrofloxacin on results of 4 commercially available
urine glucose tests in dogs.

Animals—6 healthy adult female dogs.

Procedure—In a crossover design, cephalexin (22 and
44 mg/kg [10 and 20 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h) or enrofloxacin (5
and 10 mg/kg [2.3 and 4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) was administered
to dogs for 1 day. Urine samples were tested for
glucose at 0, 6, and 24 hours after drug administration.
In vitro, dextrose was added to pooled glucose-negative
canine urine samples containing either no antimicrobial
or known concentrations of either antimicrobial; urine
samples were then tested for glucose.

Results—In vivo, false-positive results were obtained
by use of a tablet test in the presence of both antimicrobials
and by use of a strip test in the presence of
cephalexin. In vitro, false-positive results were
obtained with the tablet test at the highest urine concentration
of cephalexin (2,400 μg/mL) and with a
strip test at the highest concentration of enrofloxacin
(600 μg/mL). Enrofloxacin in urine samples containing
dextrose caused the urine glucose tests to underestimate
urine glucose concentration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cephalexin
and enrofloxacin at dosages used in clinical practice
may result in false-positive or false-negative urine glucose
results, and care should be taken when using
urine as a basis for identifying or monitoring diabetic
animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:1455–1458)
Surgical reduction and stabilization for repair of femoral capital physeal fractures in cats: 13 cases (1998–2002)
Authors: Fischer Howard R. , Norton Jeffrey , Kobluk Calvin N. , Reed Ann L. , Rooks Robert L. , Borostyankoi Frank 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate anatomic reduction and surgical stabilization of femoral capital physeal fractures in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—13 cats.Procedure—Medical records of cats with unilateral or bilateral femoral capital physeal fractures evaluated from 1998 to 2002 were reviewed. Age and weight of cats at the time of surgery; breed; sex; concurrent injuries; severity of lameness before and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery; the amount of fracture reduction achieved and number of Kirschner wires (K-wires) used; degree of degenerative joint disease of the hip joint and lysis of the femoral neck and head observed after surgery; whether K-wires were removed after surgery; and complications after surgery were evaluated.Results—Thirteen cats with 16 capital physeal fractures were identified. There was significant improvement in the severity of clinical lameness in all cats from weeks 1 through 4 after surgery. There was no correlation between the scores of the individuals who evaluated radiographs for fracture reduction and placement of K-wires.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that surgical stabilization and repair of femoral capital physeal fractures facilitate a short recovery period and a good prognosis for return to normal function in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1478–1482)
Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, modified acid-fast staining, and enzyme immunoassay techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium spp in naturally exposed kittens
Authors: Marks Stanley L. , Hanson Timothy E. , Melli Ann C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate a modified Ziehl-Neelsen
acid-fast staining technique (mZN), a direct immunofluorescence
detection procedure (DIF), and 3 commercial
enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detection of
Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal specimens from kittens.

Design—Prospective study.

Sample Population—416 fecal specimens collected
from 104 randomly selected domestic shorthair kittens
(8 to 16 weeks of age) that were naturally
exposed to Cryptosporidium spp.

Procedure—Fresh fecal specimens were collected
once daily for 4 consecutive days and processed
immediately. Sensitivities of mZN, DIF, and 3 commercial
EIAs (EIA-1, EIA-2, and EIA-3) were estimated
and compared.

Results—EIA-2 had the highest sensitivity on day 1
(89%), followed by EIA-1 (80%), and mZN (72%). EIA-
3 had the lowest sensitivity on day 1 (15%). EIA-2, EIA-
1, and mZN had similar sensitivities after 2 consecutive
fecal examinations (approx 90%). Determination of
specificities was compromised by the small number of
cats that had negative results for all tests (n = 3).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that EIA-2 and EIA-1 had the highest sensitivities
when only a single fecal specimen was examined;
however, mZN and EIA-1 had similar sensitivities
when 2 consecutive fecal specimens were examined.
The higher costs of EIA-2 and EIA-1 may be offset by
the tests’ high sensitivity, simplicity of use, and ease
of interpretation and by savings in technician time.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:1549–1553)
Prevalence of Salmonella spp on conventional and organic dairy farms
Authors: Fossler Charles P. , Wells Scott J. , Kaneene John B. , Ruegg Pamela L. , Warnick Lorin D. , Bender Jeffrey B. , Godden Sandra M. , Halbert Lisa W. , Campbell Amy M. , Zwald Angela M. Geiger 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe the occurrence of fecal shedding, persistence of shedding over time, and serogroup classification ofSalmonellaspp on a large number of dairy farms of various sizes.Design—Longitudinal study.Sample Population—22,417 fecal samples from cattle and 4,570 samples from the farm environment on 110 organic and conventional dairy farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York.Procedure—5 visits were made to each farm at 2-month intervals from August 2000 to October 2001. Fecal samples from healthy cows, calves, and other targeted cattle groups and samples from bulk tank milk, milk line filters, water, feed sources, and pen floors were collected at each visit. Bacterial culture was performed at 1 laboratory.Results—Salmonellaspp were isolated from 4.8% of fecal samples and 5.9% of environmental samples; 92.7% of farms had at least 1Salmonella-positive sample. The 75th percentile for median within-herd prevalence ofSalmonellaspp in cattle for 5 sampling visits to a given farm was 2.0% and for maximum within-herd prevalence ofSalmonellaspp was 13.6%. Farms with a median within-herd prevalence ofSalmonellaspp of ≥ 2.0% accounted for 76.3% ofSalmonella-positive samples. There was no significant difference in the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp between conventional and organic farms. Seasonal differences inSalmonellashedding were observed. More farms had at least 1 serogroup B isolate than any other serogroup, whereas serogroup E1 was the most common among allSalmonella-positive samples. More than 1 serogroup was isolated on 76.4% ofSalmonella-positive farms.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Salmonellaspp were isolated from > 90% of dairy farms; however, 25% of farms accounted for > 75% ofSalmonella-positive samples. This information is critical for the direction of intervention strategies to decrease the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp on dairy farms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:567–573)
Underlying cause, pathophysiologic abnormalities, and response to treatment in cats with septic peritonitis: 51 cases (1990–2001)
Authors: Costello Merilee F. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Aronson Lillian R. , King Lesley G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the underlying cause, pathophysiologic abnormalities, and response to treatment in cats with septic peritonitis and identify differences between cats that survived following treatment and cats that did not survive despite treatment.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—51 cats with septic peritonitis.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for clinical findings; results of clinicopathologic testing, microbial culture, and radiography; diagnosis; treatment; and outcome.Results—Signs of pain during palpation of the abdomen were reported for only 29 of 47 (62%) cats. Eight (16%) cats had relative bradycardia (heart rate < 140 beats/min). The most commonly isolated organisms includedEscherichia coli, Enterococcusspp, andClostridiumspp. The most common cause of peritonitis was gastrointestinal tract leakage (24 cats). No definitive source could be identified in 7 cats. Treatment, including exploratory surgery, was pursued in 23 cats, of which 16 (70%) survived and were discharged. There were no significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors in regard to heart rate, age, rectal temperature, serum lactate concentration, WBC count, PCV, blood glucose concentration, or serum albumin concentration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that clinicopathologic abnormalities and outcome in cats with septic peritonitis are similar to those reported for dogs. However, certain features may be unique, including an absence of signs of pain during abdominal palpation, relative bradycardia, and apparent spontaneous peritonitis in some cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:897–902)
Minimum switching control for adaptive tracking
Authors: Fu Minyue 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe switching adaptive control method has been used for quite a few years to solve the adaptive stabilization and model reference adaptive control problems. However, a serious problem with the switching control method is that the number of ‘candidate’ controllers can potentially be very large, especially for multi‐input–multi‐output systems. In this paper, we consider a class of minimum‐phase multi‐input–multi‐output plants with some mild compactness assumptions. Given any polynomial reference input, we provide a switching control law which guarantees exponentially stability of the closed‐loop system with exponential tracking performance. The main contribution of the paper is that we give the minimum number of candidate controllers required for switching. In particular, the number is equal to 2 for single‐input–single‐output plants (one for each sign of the high‐frequency gain), and is equal to 2mform‐input–m‐output plants. That is, the number is independent of the degree and the relative degree of the plant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flotation Separation and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Thallium in Wastewater Samples
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad Saeid , Chamsaz Mahmoud , Raissi Heidar , Naseri Yousef 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe proposed method is a simple process for the determination of trace amount of thallium(I) in the environmental wastewater samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The wastewater samples were obtained from the environment of a cement plant and subjected to a simple treatment, such as adjusting pH and masking the interfering ions, to prepare for the flotation process in which the thallium(I) content was floated as an ion‐association complex using iodide and Rhodamine B at the interface of aqueous/cyclohexane layers. The floated layer was then separated and dissolved in 2 ml of a solution, which was 1 % to H2SO4 and 50 % to methanol, respectively. Aliquots of 10‐μl of this solution were subjected to the graphite furnace to determine the thallium(I) content. The flotation process can be carried in a weak acidic medium in which the interfering effects owing to certain metal ions were eliminated by masking them as neutral citrate chelates. The dynamic range for the determination was found to be 1.0×10‐8 ‐ 1.0×10‐7 mol l‐1. The RSD was 3.2 % and the DL was 2.5×10‐9 mol l‐1 (calculated as 3SD of the blank). The reliability of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of a synthetic wastewater in which the recovery was found to be 94 %.
Separation and Determination of Isoflavonoids in Several Kudzu Samples by High‐Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE)
Authors: Fang Congbing , Wan Xiaochun , Tan Huarong , Jiang Changjun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPueraria lobata is a rich source of isoflavonoids. The detection and identification of isoflavonoid components from root, stem, leaf, callus and cell samples, is very important for the best, safest and most efficacious use of kudzu as a medicinal plant, and for the studies on quantitative analysis in the secondary metabolism of isoflavonoids. In this paper, a simple, rapid and precise high‐performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method with diode array detection (DAD) has been developed for separation and determination of isoflavonoids in several kudzu samples. The isoflavonoids could be well separated within 15 min in a 40 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 15kV in a 30mmol L‐1 borax buffer (pH9.29), and this proposed method demonstrated excellent reproducibility and accuracy with relative standard deviations of less than 5 % for isoflavonoid content (n = 5) of different kudzu samples. The relationship between peak areas and isoflavone concentrations, in a specified working range with linear response, was determined by first‐order polynomial regression over the range 0.05‐0.5 mg mL‐1 for puerarin and 2.5‐50 μg mL‐1 for 3'‐methoxypuerarin, daidzin and daidzein, respectively, and quantitative evaluation of those four main isoflavonoid components was determined by ultraviolet absorption at λ=192 nm. The differences were also illustrated by comparison of the determination of isoflavonoid components from kudzu root, stem, leaf samples and plant tissue cultures in vitro.
A Novel Multipurpose Excel Tool for Equilibrium Speciation Based on Newton‐Raphson Method and on a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: del Piero Silvia , Melchior Andrea , Polese Pierluigi , Portanova Roberto , Tolazzi Marilena 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new algorithm for simulation of chemical equilibria is developed, based on classical Newton‐Raphson method applied to mass balance. This tool, named EST (Equilibrium Speciation Tool), is improved by using a robust Genetic Algorithm. In addition, EST works by using Excel spreadsheets and therefore offers the innovation of a great simplicity and versatility. In fact, it allows the users to simulate, or to obtain from experimental data, desired chemical‐physical parameters as well as to interact with other available or freely created Excel tools. The reliability of this utility is here proved by comparison with some published data by other authors, concerning both complicated homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. In addiction its flexibility is tested computing thermodynamic parameters by using experimental calorimetric data referred to the complex formation of cobalt(II) with a macrocyclic ligand. A brief review and comparison of the relative robustness and quickness of main numerical methods are also reported.
Distribution and Occurence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments from the Mar Grande and Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy)
Authors: Cardellicchio Nicola , Buccolieri Alessandro , Giandomenico Santina , Lerario Vito Luigi , Lopez Luigi , Pizzulli Filomena 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMarine sediments from the Mar Grande and Gulf of Taranto were analysed for 17 parent PAHs, with molecular weight from 128 to 278 Daltons. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). Total PAHs content in sediments ranged from 464 to 12522 μg kg−1 dry wt for Mar Grande and from 593 to 72275 μg kg−1 dry wt for Gulf of Taranto. The analytical results were compared with the published results for other coastal areas in the Mediterranean Sea. PAHs levels in the Gulf of Taranto sediments were the highest in the Mediterranean sea, while PAHs concentrations in Mar Grande were higher than the ones reported in the Adriatic and Cretan Sea and with the same order of magnitude of the ones known for coastal areas of the Western and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. PAHs concentration ratios were consistent with the main source of these compounds, in most areas, being pyrolysis. Based on the comparison of both the individual and the total PAHs concentrations with proposed sediment quality guidelines, the acute biological effects on the marine organisms were probable, especially for the Gulf of Taranto, in which almost all PAHs concentrations in sediments were higher than the guidelines limit values. The statistical analysis effected by HCA and PCA methods was used in order to classify sediment samples and to identify accumulation areas.
Synthesis of N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide with β‐methyl hydrogen itaconate and itaconic acid hydrogels: Effects of the pH, composition, and ionic strength on the swelling behavior
Authors: Jeria‐Orell M. , Pizarro G. Del C. , Marambio O. G. , Huerta M. , Geckeler K. E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCopolymer gels were prepared by the radical copolymerization of N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide with itaconic acid and N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide with β‐methyl hydrogen itaconate. The ratios of both monomers were varied from 25 to 75 mol %, and the effects of external stimuli such as the pH and ionic strength of the swelling media were investigated. The gels were pH‐responsive, and an increase in the ionic strength of the solutions caused a decrease in the equilibrium degree of swelling of the copolymer gels. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined with the Kelen–Tüdös method. Moreover, the copolymer composition had a significant effect on the equilibrium swelling behavior of the two copolymers investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1735–1741, 2006
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1β‐Methyl‐2‐[5‐(1,2‐Disubstituted Ethyl)Pyrrolidin‐3‐ylthio]Carbapenem Derivatives
Authors: Ahn Soo‐Hyun , Jeon Heechol , Choi Joung‐Hoon , Baek Daejin , Seo Seon Hee , Cho Jung‐Hyuck , Oh Chang‐Hyun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of a new series of 1β‐methylcarbapenems having a 5‐(1,2‐disubstituted ethyl) pyrrolidine moiety is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were tested and the effect of the substituent on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. A particular compound IIIf having a 1‐methoxyimino‐2‐carbamoylethyl substituted moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.
Enhancing recombinant glycoprotein sialylation through CMP‐sialic acid transporter over expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Wong Niki S.C. , Yap Miranda G.S. , Wang Daniel I.C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGlycosylation engineering strategies that are currently used to improve quality of recombinant glycoproteins involve the manipulation of glycosyltransferase and/or glycosidase expression. We explored the possibility that over expressing nucleotide sugar transporters, particularly the CMP‐sialic acid transporter (CMP‐SAT) would improve the sialylation process in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). Our hypothesis was that increasing CMP‐SAT in the cells through recombinant means would increase the transport of CMP‐sialic acid into the Golgi, resulting in an increased CMP‐sialic acid intra‐lumenal pool and increased sialylation of the proteins produced. We report the construction of the CMP‐SAT expression vector (pcDNA‐SAT) using hamster CMP‐SAT (GenBank accession number Y12074) and demonstrated its functionality using Lec2 CHO mutant cells. Transfection of pcDNA‐SAT into CHO IFN‐γ, a CHO cell line producing recombinant human interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) resulted in single clones that had 2–20 fold increase in total CMP‐SAT expression at the transcript level and 1.8–2.8 fold increase in CMP‐SAT at the protein level when compared to untransfected parent CHO IFN‐γ. This resulted in 4%–16% increase in site sialylation of IFN‐γ. There was also a higher proportion of the more sialylated IFN‐γ glycans produced by the clones. We have thus established a novel strategy for sialylation improvement in recombinant protein production that can be considered singly or along with existing glycosylation improvement strategies, including glycosyltransferase over expression and nucleotide sugar feeding. These multiprong approaches can possibly bring us closer toward the goal of maximum and consistent sialylation in glycoprotein production using mammalian cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrieval of abdominal organs for transplantation
Authors: Brockmann J G , Vaidya A , Reddy S , Friend P J 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Background
Organ retrieval and donor management are not yet standardized. Different transplant centres apply various techniques, such as single or dual organ perfusion, dissection in the cold or warm, and single or en bloc organ removal. These different approaches may cause inconvenience, especially when more than one organ retrieval team is involved.

Methods
Cochrane Library, Medline and PubMed were searched for publications on multiorgan donor/donation, retrieval technique and procurement. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were evaluated based on current advice from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Results
Multiorgan donation itself does not compromise the outcome of individual organ transplants. Dissection of abdominal organs for transplantation is best performed after cold perfusion. Abdominal organs should be removed rapidly, en bloc, and separated during back-table dissection in the cold, particularly if pancreas or intestine is included. Perfusion itself should be carried out after single cannulation of the aorta with an increased pressure.

Conclusion
Although the literature on organ retrieval is extensive, the level of evidence provided is mainly low. Nevertheless, optimized donor treatment and organ retrieval should increase the number and quality of cavaderic donor organs and improve graft function and survival.