bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Eremophilanolides from Ligularia hodgsonii
Authors: Xu Yang‐Jun , Nan Ze‐Dong , Li Wen‐Hai , Huang Hong‐Li , Yuan Cheng‐Shan 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA phytochemical study on the roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii led to the isolation of seven new eremophilanolides (1–7), their structures were established as (1R,4S,5S,6R,8S,10R)‐1‐acetoxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐6,15;8,12‐diolide (1), (1R,4S,5S,6R,8S,10R)‐1‐acetoxy‐8β‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐6,15;8,12‐diolide (2), (4S,5S,6R,8R,9S,10S)‐8‐hydroxy‐9‐(angeloyloxy)eremophil‐7(11)‐en‐6,15;8,12‐diolide (3), (4S,5S,6R,10R)‐10‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11),8(9)‐diene‐6,15;8,12‐diolide (4), (4S,5S,6R,8R, 10R)‐6‐(angeloyloxy)‐8‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12‐olide‐15‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (5), (4S,5S,6R,8R,10R)‐6‐(angeloyloxy)‐8‐ethoxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12‐olid‐15‐oic acid (6), (4S,5S,6S, 8R,10R)‐6‐(angeloyloxy)‐8‐ethoxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12‐olid‐15‐oic acid (7) by means of spectroscopic analyses. The compounds were also evaluated for antibacterial activity, only compound 6 exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis.
DFT Studies on the Thermal Activation of Molecular Oxygen by Bare [Ni(H)(OH)]+
Authors: Zhang Xinhao , Schlangen Maria , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Dede Yavuz , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageAn extensive density‐functional theory (DFT) study has been conducted to shed light on the mechanisms of the recently reported gas‐phase ion‐molecule reactions of mass‐selected [Ni(H)(OH)]+ with O2 (M. Schlangen, H. Schwarz, Helv. Chim. Acta 2008, 91, 379). Except for the liberation of OH from the encounter complex, all of the other highly atom‐specific processes can be explained in a consistent manner.
One‐pot radiosynthesis of [13N]urea and [13N]carbamate using no‐carrier‐added [13N]NH3
Authors: Kumata Katsushi , Takei Makoto , Ogawa Masanao , Kato Koichi , Suzuki Kazutoshi , Zhang Ming‐Rong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a practical labeling method of [13N]ligands using no‐carrier‐added [13N]NH3 with high specific activity. [13N]urea analogues [13N]1a and [13N]2a or [13N]carbamate [13N]3a were synthesized by reacting isocyanate 5a, carbamoyl chloride 6a or chloroformate 7a with [13N]NH3. The precursors 5a–7a were prepared by treating amines 8a and 9a and alcohol 10a with triphosgene in situ. These reaction mixtures were not purified and were used directly for [13N]ammonolysis, respectively. Using the one‐pot method, we synthesized [13N]carbamazepine ([13N]4), a putative positron emission tomography ligand for brain imaging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA expression in peripheral blood of rectal cancer patients is significantly associated with residual tumor and distant metastases following resection
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas‐Claudius , Brabender Jan , Metzger Ralf , Ling Fredericke , Warnecke‐Eberz Ute , Lurje Georg , Hoelscher Arnulf H. , Schneider Paul M. , Vallböhmer Daniel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundDPD and TS expression have been shown to correlate with response of 5‐FU based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer tissue. Little is known about mRNA expression levels of TS and DPD in peripheral blood. The goals of this study were to test the feasibility of DPD and TS detection in blood and their associations to TNM staging and complete surgical resection.MethodsWhole blood was drawn 1 day pre‐ and 10 days post‐operatively from 23 patients with rectal cancer. Either adjuvant (n = 15) or neoadjuvant (n = 8) treatment was performed. Tumor cells were enriched from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation prior to extraction of total cellular RNA and subsequent direct quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR assays.ResultsDPD was detectable in 21/23 patients (91.3%) and TS in 14/23 (61.7%). Stepwise multiple linear regression models showed a significant association of DPD expression with distant metastases (P = 0.004) and residual tumor categories (P = 0.03).ConclusionsQuantitative analysis of TS and DPD mRNA expression in peripheral blood of rectal cancer patients is technically feasible. DPD expression levels appear to be associated with residual tumor categories and might serve as a molecular marker for complete tumor resection. Larger studies seem to be warranted to scrutinize our hypothesis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:296–301. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined atresiaplasty and tragal reconstruction for microtia and congenital aural atresia: Thesis for The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society
Authors: Yellon Robert F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:To describe a new technique for combining atresiaplasty with tragal reconstruction by performing the tragal reconstruction with cartilage grafting at the same time as the atresiaplasty for patients with microtia and congenital aural atresia. Hearing and canaloplasty outcomes for this combined technique are reported.Patients:Patients with aural atresia (n = 19) with (n = 16) or without (n = 3) microtia, and a Jahrsdoerfer grade of 6 or higher. Mean age was 8.3 years. Atresiaplasty was performed in 20 ears, with the new combined technique in 15 ears (75%).Methods/Interventions:During the meatoplasty portion of atresiaplasty, the tragus was reconstructed with a cartilage graft and an anteriorly pedicled skin flap.Outcome Measures:Hearing results, complications including canal stenosis, infections, sensorineural hearing loss, and facial nerve injuries.Results:The mean postatresiaplasty pure tone average (PTA) and air bone gap (ABG) were 37.5 and 29.4 dB, respectively. Eleven (55%) of the ears had an ABG of ≤30 dB, and 10 (50%) had speech reception thresholds (SRT) of ≤30 dB. Six ears (30%) had postoperative infections. Revision surgery was performed in four ears (20%) for canal/meatal stenosis, and in six (30%) for conductive hearing loss. Bone Anchored Hearing Aid™ was performed in six patients (30%). There was no sensorineural hearing loss or facial nerve injury.Conclusions:The new combined tragal reconstruction and atresiaplasty technique yielded satisfactory hearing, canal/meatal patency, and cosmetic results, with acceptable rates of complications. This combined tragal reconstruction and atresiaplasty technique is a valuable option in the armamentarium of microtia and atresia surgeons. Laryngoscope, 119:245–254, 2009
A survey of louisiana hospital ethics committees
Authors: Gonsoulin Thomas P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:To obtain a picture of hospital ethics committees (HECs) in the State of Louisiana. Compare results to other published studies. Gauge interest and participation in HECs by otolaryngologists.Study Design:Mail in questionnaire to all hospitals in Louisiana. Minisurvey distributed to randomly selected otolaryngologists.Methods:A questionnaire was mailed to the 194 hospitals identified by the Louisiana State Hospital Association. Questions included the presence and description of HECs plus the demographic data for the hospitals.Results:Eighty‐eight hospitals returned the survey. A HEC was present in 69. Membership was most often multidisciplinary. The annual growth rate ranged from 1.7% to 6%–8%. Teaching hospitals and larger hospitals tended to have a higher frequency rate of HECs. Like most US HECs, this state's committee primary functions included case consultation, education, and policy review. About 30% of otolaryngologists surveyed had some experience with a HEC.Conclusions:Louisiana's HEC construction and function appear similar to those committees found in other US hospitals. Membership is multidisciplinary. The three major functions are education, policy development and case consultation. Larger institutions tend to have a higher frequency of HECs. The growth rate of HECs increased in the early 1990s. As the ethical issues in contemporary medicine become more complex, especially with technological advances, HECs can anticipate constant new challenges. Future direction may focus on the evaluation of how well HECs function and on how improvements can be made. Laryngoscope, 119:330–340, 2009
Third generation photovoltaics
Authors: Brown G.F. , Wu J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe review recent progress towards increasing solar cell efficiencies beyond the Shockley‐Queisser efficiency limit. Four main approaches are highlighted: multi‐junction cells, intermediate‐band cells, hot carrier cells and spectrum conversion. Multi‐junction cells use multiple solar cells that selectively absorb different regions of the solar spectrum. Intermediate‐band cells use one junction with multiple bandgaps to increase efficiencies. Hot‐carrier cells convert the excess energy of above‐bandgap photons into electrical energy. Spectrum conversion solar cells convert the incoming polychromatic sunlight into a narrower distribution of photons suited to the bandgap of the solar cell.
Studies on drug–DNA complexes, adriamycin–d‐(TGATCA)2 and 4′‐epiadriamycin–d‐(CGATCG)2, by phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Agrawal Prashansa , Govil Girjesh , Barthwal Ritu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe complexes of adriamycin–d‐(TGATCA)2 and 4′‐epiadriamycin–d‐(CGATCG)2 are studied by one‐ and two‐dimensional 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) at 500 MHz in the temperature range 275–328 K and as a function of drug to DNA ratio (0.0–2.0). The binding of drug to DNA is clearly evident in 31P31P exchange NOESY spectra that shows two sets of resonances in slow chemical exchange. The phosphate resonances at the intercalating steps, T1pG2/C1pG2 and C5pA6/C5pG6, shift downfield up to 1.7 ppm and that at the adjacent step shift downfield up to 0.7 ppm, whereas the central phosphate A3pT4 is relatively unaffected. The variations of chemical shift with drug to DNA ratio and temperature as well as linewidths are different in each of the two complexes. These observations reflect change in population of BI/BII conformation, stretching of backbone torsional angle ζ, and distortions in OPO bond angles that occur on binding of drug to DNA. To the best of our knowledge, there are no solution studies on 4′‐epiadriamycin, a better tolerated drug, and binding of daunomycin or its analogue to d‐(TGATCA)2 hexamer sequence. The studies report the use of 31P NMR as a tool to differentiate various complexes. The specific differences may well be the reasons that are responsible for different antitumor action of these drugs due to different binding ability and distortions in DNA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholesterol depletion induces anoikis‐like apoptosis via FAK down‐regulation and caveolae internalization
Authors: Park Eun‐Kyung , Park Mi Jung , Lee Seong‐Hee , Li Ying Chun , Kim Jungeun , Lee Jae‐Seon , Lee Jung Weon , Ye Sang‐Kyu , Park Jong‐Wan , Kim Chul‐Woo , Park Byung‐Kiu , Kim Yong‐Nyun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCaveolae (lipid rafts), microdomains of the plasma membrane, are known to contain various signalling molecules and consequently are involved in the regulation of many biological functions. To investigate the role of the caveolae in cell survival and adhesion, we disrupted the caveolae by depletion of cholesterol, a major lipid component of the caveolae, with methyl‐β cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment of A431 cells. We found that cholesterol depletion induced an anoikis‐like cell death involving actin reorganization, resulting in a decrease in cell spreading and an increase in cell detachment, which was reversed by cholesterol addition. Disruption of caveolae led to the down‐regulation of FAK, Src activation, tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin‐1 and mobilization of caveolae markers, GM1 and caveolin‐1, from the cell surface to the cytoplasm, which were also recovered by cholesterol addition. The expression of dominant‐active FAK was able to delay caveolae internalization and apoptosis and attenuated Akt inactivation by MβCD, whereas dominant‐negative FAK expression resulted in enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, FAK down‐regulation by si‐RNA resulted in Akt inactivation and thus increased cell death by MβCD treatment. Our results suggest that the cholesterol content and/or surface levels of the caveolae affect the activity of FAK, which in turn regulates caveolae internalization and cell survival. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of the copolymerisation of acrylic acid with n‐butyl vinyl ether
Authors: Lee Qianhui , Hill David JT , Le Tri , Rasoul Firas , Whittaker Andrew K 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) are important materials for the preparation of glass ionomer cements. Copolymerisation of AA is widely used to alter the acid strength of the material and to increase the number of salt bridges formed in cements. In this paper we report the copolymerisation of AA with n‐butyl vinyl ether (BVE) to form unique copolymers of the hemiacetal ester and with BVE incorporated into the main chain.RESULTS: AA and BVE undergo a spontaneous reaction to form a hemiacetal ester which can itself undergo free radical copolymerisation. The kinetics of this reaction in the bulk state have been examined. In addition, under these conditions BVE is incorporated into the polymer main chain via a free radical mechanism.CONCLUSION: Novel copolymers of the hemiacetal ester and BVE have been prepared in this study. The hemiacetal side chains are labile under moderate heating, being converted back to the acid analogue. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Infrared‐assisted proteolysis using trypsin‐immobilized silica microspheres for peptide mapping
Authors: Bao Huimin , Lui Ting , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel proteolysis approach was developed by using infrared (IR) radiation and trypsin‐immobilized silica microspheres. Protein solutions containing trypsin‐immobilized microspheres in sealed transparent Eppendorf tubes were allowed to digest under an IR lamp at 37°C. The feasibility and performance of the present proteolysis approach were demonstrated by the digestion of BSA and cytochrome c (Cyt‐c) and the digestion time was significantly reduced to 5 min. The obtained digests were identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS with the sequence coverages of 54% (BSA) and 83% (Cyt‐c) that were better than those obtained by conventional in‐solution tryptic digestion. The suitability of the new digestion approach to complex proteins was demonstrated by digesting human serum. The present proteolysis strategy is simple and efficient and will find a wide range of application in protein identification.
The BRCA Self‐Concept Scale: a new instrument to measure self‐concept in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
Authors: Esplen Mary Jane , Stuckless Noreen , Hunter Jonathan , Liede Alexander , Metcalfe Kelly , Glendon Gordon , Narod Steven , Butler Kate , Scott Jenna , Irwin Ellen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGenetic testing for BRCA1/2 has psychosocial impacts including those related to views of personal health, sense of self and identity and body image. The centrality of a person's self‐concept in maintaining physical and psychosocial well‐being has been well recognized; however, to date research exploring altered self‐concept related to carrier knowledge is limited.Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a scale to measure the self‐concept among individuals testing positive for BRCA1/2 mutations.Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: phase I: item generation and refinement and phase II: scale selection and initial validation. During phase I, scale items were generated through individual interviews and focus groups of women with BRCA1/2 mutations, including women with or without a prior diagnosis of cancer. In phase II items were selected based on several criteria resulting in a 25‐item scale, which underwent a reliability analyses and preliminary validation with 115 women. A second sample of 126 women was used to conduct further validation and samples were pooled to conduct factor analysis and the final scale selection.Results: A 17‐item self‐concept scale emerged having three factors: stigma, vulnerability and mastery demonstrating evidence for an instrument with promising psychometric properties (total scale alpha=0.90).Conclusions: The scale has direct relevance for research in facilitating our understanding of the specific aspects of the self, which are vulnerable to BRCA1/2 testing and which play a role in clinical outcomes, to facilitate the development and specific testing of interventions and may be used as an outcome measure. Specific measurement tools for genetic populations will ultimately assist in the clinical management of these populations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impedimetric detection of covalently attached biomolecules on field‐effect transistors
Authors: GhoshMoulick Ranjita , Vu Xuan Thang , Gilles Sandra , Mayer Dirk , Offenhäusser Andreas , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA method for impedimetric detection of biomolecules with field‐effect transistor (FET) arrays is presented. For biomolecular detection, the corresponding molecules such as single‐stranded DNA or bovine serum albumine (BSA) were covalently immobilized to the gate structure of 16‐channel open‐gate FET devices. A micro spotter system was used to site‐selectively attach biomolecules to selected channels out of the array. The differential transistor transfer function (TTF) of the FETs with attached biomolecules compared to free FETs was recorded. With this impedimetric technique it was possible to reliably detect biomolecules, because the recordings were not disturbed by the typical long‐term drift of the sensors like in potentiometric readout mode. For transistor gates, where DNA sequences of different length were attached, small differences in the TTF spectra were detected. When BSA was covalently immobilized to the FETs clear differences in the TTF spectra were detected, which were independent on buffer pH variations around the isoelectric point of the protein. Based on the results presented in this article it can be concluded, that the TTF method detects passive components of the biomolecules like resistance and capacitance rather than surface charge effects. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Baric and temperature dependences of kinetic coefficients in p‐Cd0.7Mn0.3GeAs2 at atmospheric and high pressures
Authors: Mollaev A. Yu. , Kamilov I. K. , Arslanov R. K. , Zalibekov U. Z. , Arslanov T. R. , Bashirov R. R. , Novotorzev V. M. , Marenkin S. F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe pressure dependences of the resistivity ρ (P) and Hall coefficient Rρ(P) have been measured for heavily doped Cd0.7Mn0.3GeAs2 at increasing and decreasing pressure at room temperature. To investigate temperature properties of conductivity in Cd0.7Mn0.3GeAs2, the temperature dependences ρ (T) and Rρ(T) have been defined in the temperature range 77–450 K at atmospheric pressure. The pioneering measurements of magnetoresistance Δρxx (H, P)/ρ0(P) in Cd0.7Mn0.3GeAs2 are presented. A hysteresis of magnetoresistive effect has been found when pressure rises and falls. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hole density and anisotropic mobility of Mg‐doped InN from the analysis of LO phonon‐hole plasmon properties
Authors: Ishitani Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Masayuki , Wang Xinqiang , Che Song‐Bek , Yoshikawa Akihiko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInfrared reflectance and ellipsometry measurements are applied in order to study the influence of Mg‐doping on the properties of hexagonal InN films. Reflectance spectrum characteristics reveal the large effective mass and large plasmon damping rate just in the region where net acceptors have been observed by electrolyte capacitance‐voltage technique. The numerical spectrum analysis accounting for the modulation of the normal mode energies of longitudinal optical phonon–plasmon coupling (LOPC) by the large hole scattering rate yields the hole density of (0.1‐1.2)×1019 cm–3 and optical mobility of 25‐70 cm2/Vs for the direction vertical to the c axis. The properties of the bulk‐like part of the films are determined by the optical techniques. Infrared ellipsometry on the study of anisotropy of LOPC mode broadening indicates that threading dislocations or columnar grain boundaries cause the significantly larger scattering rate for holes vibrating along the c axis than those vibrating vertical to the c axis. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical properties and device characteristics of InAlN/AlGaN/ AlN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors
Authors: Hiroki Masanobu , Maeda Narihiko , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe fabricated InxAl1–xN/Al0.38Ga0.62N/AlN/GaN hetero‐structures with flat surfaces and high electron mobility. The density of the two‐dimensional electron gas varies over a wide range and decreases from 2.3 x 1013 to 9 x 1012 cm–2. The electron mobility is higher than that of conventional InAlN/AlN/GaN in the range of In content in InAlN from 0.13 to 0.31. The mobility increases from 1050 to 1960 cm2/V·s with increasing In content. A high transconductance of 230 mS/mm and a large drain current of 1.2 A/mm are obtained in spite of the long 1.5‐μm gate and high contact resistance of about 1 Ω·mm in field effect transistors made from both structures. For the new structure, the subthreshold swing is lowered 1.5 to 0.6 V/dec. and the dark current is reduced 10–2 to 10–3 A/mm. The smoother surface of the new structure improves these parameters. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antihyperlipidemic Compounds from the Fruit of Piper longum L.
Authors: Jin Zhuang , Borjihan Gereltu , Zhao Ruiguo , Sun Zhaorigetu , Hammond Gerald B. , Uryu Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA bioassay‐guided isolation of an ethanol extract of the fruit of Piper longum L. yielded piperlonguminine, piperine and pipernonaline, as the main antihyperlipidemic constituents. They exhibit appreciable antihyperlipidemic activity in vivo, which is comparable to that of the commercial antihyperlipidemic drug, simvastatin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy in planar cutting of bones: an ISO‐based evaluation
Authors: Cartiaux Olivier , Paul Laurent , Docquier Pierre‐Louis , Francq Bernard G , Raucent Benoît , Dombre Etienne , Banse Xavier 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐ and robot‐assisted technologies are capable of improving the accuracy of planar cutting in orthopaedic surgery. This study is a first step toward formulating and validating a new evaluation methodology for planar bone cutting, based on the standards from the International Organization for Standardization.MethodsOur experimental test bed consisted of a purely geometrical model of the cutting process around a simulated bone. Cuts were performed at three levels of surgical assistance: unassisted, computer‐assisted and robot‐assisted. We measured three parameters of the standard ISO1101:2004: flatness, parallelism and location of the cut plane.ResultsThe location was the most relevant parameter for assessing cutting errors. The three levels of assistance were easily distinguished using the location parameter.ConclusionsOur ISO methodology employs the location to obtain all information about translational and rotational cutting errors. Location may be used on any osseous structure to compare the performance of existing assistance technologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.