bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Novel Green Algae‐Based Biological Photovoltaic Cell with High Photocurrent and a Photoelectrochemical Biosensing Approach Utilizing the BPV for Pesticide Analysis in Water
Authors: Buyukharman Mustafa , Gover Tugce , Gumus Aysegul , Gumus Selcuk , Yildiz Huseyin Bekir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this research, a green alga (Paulschulziapseudovolvox sp.) based biological photovoltaic cell (BPV) was designed. This clean energy‐friendly BPV produced photocurrent as a result of illuminating the photoanode and cathode electrodes immersed in the aqueous medium with solar energy. For this purpose, both electrodes were first coated with conductive polymers with aniline functional groups on gold electrodes. In the cell, the photoanode was first coated with a gold‐modified poly 4‐(2,5‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)benzamine polymer, (P(SNS‐NH2)). Cytochrome C (Cyt. C) material was used to provide crosslink formation with bis‐aniline covalent bonds with the conductive polymer using electrochemical techniques. Paulschulziapseudovolvox sp., one of the green algae that can convert light energy into chemical energy, is attached to this layered electrode surface. The cathode of the cell is attached to the gold electrode surface with poly 4‐(4HDithieno[3,2‐b : 2′,3′‐d]pyrrole‐4‐yl)aniline (P(DTP‐Aryl‐Amine)). Then, the bilirubin oxidase enzyme was immobilized on this film surface with glutaraldehyde activation. This cell, which can use light thanks to green algae, oxidizes and splits water, and oxygen is obtained at the photoanode electrode. At the cathode electrode, the oxygen gas is reduced to water by the bio‐electro‐catalytic method. To obtain high photocurrent from the BPV, necessary electrochemical and chemical optimizations were made during the design of the system to increase the amount of electrons that were transferred and fasten its transfer rate. While the photocurrent value generated by the designed BPV in optimum conditions and in the pseudo‐steady state is 10 mA/m2, the maximum power value obtained is 46.5 mW/m2. In addition to the production of the green algae‐based BPV generating highly efficient electricity which is the main of target of this study, some studies have also been carried out to show whether this system can be used as a pesticide biosensor. Atrazine and diuron biosensing via the BPV system was analytically characterized and recovery and interference studies related to pesticide biosensor property of the BPV were also investigated.
Thermoreversible Transformations of the Cyanosubstituted 2‐Oxopyrrole Derivative by the Action of Amines for the Creation of Novel High‐Contrast Coloration/Decoloration Systems
Authors: Yu. Belikov Mikhail , Milovidova Angelina G. , Yu. Ievlev Mikhail 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA new efficient approach to the synthesis of intensely colored 2‐(2‐oxo‐3H‐pyrrol‐3‐ylidene)malononitrile (OP) was developed. Using the reaction of OP with amines, a series of previously unknown colorless organic salts – dicyano(2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)methanides were synthesized, bearing in the structure two fragments of same or diverse amines of different nature (covalent and ionic). TGA‐DTA study of the synthesized salts showed a thermal reversibility of their formation. The introduction of violet OP into paper followed by treatment with amine vapors revealed prospects of using such a system for naked‐eye detection of volatile amines. It was also shown that OP‐based rewritable paper can be created, to which a data can be applied by local heating and erased by the action of amine or temperature.
Subjective caregiver burden and coping in family carers of dependent adults and older people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Muñoz‐Cruz Juan Carlos , López‐Martínez Catalina , Orgeta Vasiliki , Del‐Pino‐Casado Rafael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubjective caregiver burden is highly prevalent in family caregivers. Despite several studies investigating the relationship between subjective caregiver burden and coping strategies, results remain inconsistent. The aim of our study was to systematically review current literature on the relationship between subjective caregiver burden and coping in family carers of dependent adults and older people. A secondary objective was to analyse possible sources of heterogeneity in the estimated effect. The study design was a systematic review with meta‐analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched several international databases (CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO and PubMed) up to February 2024. We performed several subgroup analyses to examine whether study design, methodological quality or care recipient dependency influenced results. Of the 1064 records identified in our search, a total of 80 studies met inclusion criteria. We found a significant association between greater use of dysfunctional coping and higher levels of subjective caregiver burden ( = 0.400; 95% CI = 0.315, 0.478); higher use of second‐order active coping was significantly associated with lower caregiver burden ( = −0.213; 95% CI = −0.316, −0.105). Problem‐focused coping showed no statistically significant association with levels of subjective burden; emotion‐focused coping was associated with caregiver burden only after controlling for confounding variables ( = −0.258; 95% CI = −0.441, −0.055); several individual strategies of this dimension such as acceptance ( = −0.135; 95% CI = −0.238, −0.028), positive reappraisal ( = −0.178; 95% CI = −0.255, −0.099) and religious coping ( = −0.083; 95% CI = −0.162, −0.002), were associated with lower burden. We found that several dimensions of coping strategies are significantly associated with levels of subjective caregiver burden experienced by carers. These results can inform future research evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving carers' mental health.
Deconvolving Passive and Active Targeting of Liposomes Bearing LDL Receptor Binding Peptides Using the Zebrafish Embryo Model
Authors: Bi Dongdong , Van Hal Anneke , Aschmann Dennis , Shen Mengjie , Zhang Heyang , Su Lu , Arias‐Alpizar Gabriela , Kros Alexander , Barz Matthias , Bussmann Jeroen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImproving target versus off‐target ratio in nanomedicine remains a major challenge for increasing drug bioavailability and reducing toxicity. Active targeting using ligands on nanoparticle surfaces is a key approach but has limited clinical success. A potential issue is the integration of targeting ligands also changes the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (passive targeting). Direct studies to understand the mechanisms of active targeting and off‐targeting in vivo are limited by the lack of suitable tools. Here, the biodistribution of a representative active targeting liposome is analyzed, modified with an apolipoprotein E (ApoE) peptide that binds to the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), using zebrafish embryos. The ApoE liposomes demonstrated the expected liver targeting effect but also accumulated in the kidney glomerulus. The ldlra−/‐ zebrafish is developed to explore the LDLR‐specificity of ApoE liposomes. Interestingly, liver targeting depends on the LDLR‐specific interaction, while glomerular accumulation is independent of LDLR and peptide sequence. It is found that cationic charges of peptides and the size of liposomes govern glomerular targeting. Increasing the size of ApoE liposomes can avoid this off‐targeting. Taken together, the study shows the potential of the zebrafish embryo model for understanding active and passive targeting mechanisms, that can be used to optimize the design of nanoparticles.
Engineering Faradaic Electrode Materials for High‐Efficiency Water Desalination
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Shu Shirui , Ye Xiaoyu , Li Zejun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWater desalination technologies play a key role in addressing the global water scarcity crisis and ensuring a sustainable supply of freshwater. In contrast to conventional capacitive deionization, which suffers from limitations such as low desalination capacity, carbon anode oxidation, and co‐ion expulsion effects of carbon materials, the emerging faradaic electrochemical deionization (FDI) presents a promising avenue for enhancing water desalination performance. These electrode materials employed faradaic charge‐transfer processes for ion removal, achieving higher desalination capacity and energy‐efficient desalination for high salinity streams. The past decade has witnessed a surge in the advancement of faradaic electrode materials and considerable efforts have been made to explore optimization strategies for improving their desalination performance. This review summarizes the recent progress on the optimization strategies and underlying mechanisms of faradaic electrode materials in pursuit of high‐efficiency water desalination, including phase, doping and vacancy engineering, nanocarbon incorporation, heterostructures construction, interlayer spacing engineering, and morphology engineering. The key points of each strategy in design principle, modification method, structural analysis, and optimization mechanism of faradaic materials are discussed in detail. Finally, this work highlights the remaining challenges of faradaic electrode materials and present perspectives for future research.
Electronic Structure Modulation of Oxygen‐Enriched Defective CdS for Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Tang Yanqi , Ye Fangshou , Li Binrong , Yang Tingyu , Yang Fengyi , Qu Jiafu , Yang Xiaogang , Cai Yahui , Hu Jundie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to generate clean fuel and chemicals. However, the catalytic activity is hindered by challenges such as severe charge recombination, insufficient active sites, and poor selectivity. Here, a robust strategy is proposed to regulate the electronic structure of catalyst by the collaborative effect of defect engineering and dopant. The well designed oxygen‐doped CdS nanorods with S2− defects and Cd2+ 4d10 electron configuration (CdS‐O,Sv) is successfully synthesized, and the Cd2+ active sites around S defects or oxygen atoms exhibit rapid charge separation, suppressed carrier recombination, and enhanced charge utilization. Consequently, a remarkable H2O2 production rate of 1.62 mmol g−1 h−1 under air conditions is acquired, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 9.96% at a single wavelength of 450 nm. This work provides valuable insights into the synergistic effect between defect and doping on catalytic activity.
Boosting Thermoelectric Performance of PbBi2Te4 via Reduced Carrier Scattering and Intensified Phonon Scattering
Authors: Yao Gang , Chen Yong , Wang Sicheng , Chen Tao , Li Shujin , Song Chunjun , Li Di , Zhang Jian , Qin Xiaoying , Xin Hongxing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMaterials with low intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity are crucial in the pursuit of high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials. Here, the TE properties of PbBi2Te4‐xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) samples are systematically investigated for the first time. Doping with Se in PbBi2Te4 can simultaneously reduce carrier concentration and increase carrier mobility. The Seebeck coefficient is significantly increased by doping with Se, based on the density functional theory calculation, it is shown to be due to the increased bandgap and electronic density of states. In addition, the lattice strain is enhanced due to the difference in the size of Se and Te atoms, and the multidimensional defects formed by Se doping, such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries, enhance the phonon scattering and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity by about 37%. Finally, by using Se doping to reduce carrier concentration and thermal conductivity, a large ZTmax = 0.56 (at 574K) is achieved for PbBi2Te3.5Se0.5, which is around 64% larger than those of the PbBi2Te4 pristine sample. This work not only demonstrates that PbBi2Te4 is a potential medium temperature thermoelectric material, but also provides a reference for enhancing thermoelectric properties through defect and energy band engineering.
Direct Observation of Z‐Scheme Route in Cu31S16/ZnxCd1‐xS Heteronanoplates for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lian Zichao , Qu Minghan , Xiao Han , Wang Lihui , Wu Hanxiang , Zi Jiangzhi , Wang Wei , Li Hexing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough photocatalytic hydrogen production from water holds great potential as a renewable and sustainable energy alternative, the practical application of the technology demands cost‐effective, simple photocatalytic systems with high efficiency in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the synthesis and characterization of Cu31S16/ZnxCd1‐xS heterostructured nanoplates (Cu31S16/ZnCdS HNPs) as a high photocatalytic system are reported. The cost‐effective, hierarchical structures are easily prepared using the Cu31S16 NPs as the seed by the epitaxial growth of the ZnCdS nanocrystals (NCs). The Cu31S16/ZnCdS without the noble metal cocatalyst exhibits a high HER rate of 61.7 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 8,014 and 17 times higher than that of Cu31S16 and ZnCdS, respectively, under visible light irradiation. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) of Cu31S16/ZnCdS reaches 67.9% at 400 nm with the highest value so far in the reported ZnCdS‐based photocatalysts. The excellent activity and stability of the Cu31S16/ZnCdS are attributed to the formation of a strong internal electric field (IEF) and the Z‐scheme pathway. The comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations provide the direct evidences of the Z‐scheme route. This work may offer a way for the design and development of efficient photocatalysts to achieve solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion at a practically useful level.
Amorphous K–Co–Mo–Sx Chalcogel: A Synergy of Surface Sorption and Ion‐Exchange
Authors: Nie Jing , Islam Taohedul , Roy Subrata Chandra , Li Dien , Amin Ruhul , Taylor‐Pashow Kathryn , Zhu Xianchun , Feng Renfei , Chernikov Roman , Pramanik Avijit , Han Fengxiang X. , Kumbhar Amar S. , Islam Saiful M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChalcogel represents a unique class of meso‐ to macroporous nanomaterials that offer applications in energy and environmental pursuits. Here, the synthesis of an ion‐exchangeable amorphous chalcogel using a nominal composition of K2CoMo2S10 (KCMS) at room temperature is reported. Synchrotron X‐ray pair distribution function (PDF), X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES), and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) reveal a plausible local structure of KCMS gel consisting of Mo5+2 and Mo4+3 clusters in the vicinity of di/polysulfides which are covalently linked by Co2+ ions. The ionically bound K+ ions remain in the percolating pores of the Co–Mo–S covalent network. XANES of Co K‐edge shows multiple electronic transitions, including quadrupole (1s→3d), shakedown (1s→4p + MLCT), and dipole allowed 1s→4p transitions. Remarkably, despite a lack of regular channels as in some crystalline solids, the amorphous KCMS gel shows ion‐exchange properties with UO22+ ions. Additionally, it also presents surface sorption via [S∙∙∙∙UO22+] covalent interactions. Overall, this study underscores the synthesis of quaternary chalcogels incorporating alkali metals and their potential to advance separation science for cations and oxo‐cationic species by integrating a synergy of surface sorption and ion‐exchange.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Efficient Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation
Authors: Wang Piyan , Yang Fengyi , Qu Jiafu , Cai Yahui , Yang Xiaogang , Li Chang Ming , Hu Jundie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation holds significant research value in the context of carbon emission reduction and energy crisis. However, this eight‐electron catalytic reaction presents substantial challenges in catalytic activity and selectivity. In this regard, researchers have conducted extensive exploration and achieved significant developments. This review provides an overview of the recent advances and challenges in efficient selective photocatalytic CO2 methanation. It begins by discussing the fundamental principles and challenges in detail, analyzing strategies for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CH4 comprehensively. Subsequently, it outlines the recent applications and advanced characterization methods for photocatalytic CO2 methanation. Finally, this review highlights the prospects and opportunities in this area, aiming to inspire CO2 conversion into high‐value CH4 and shed light on the research of catalytic mechanisms.
High‐Sensitive Spatiotemporal Distribution Imaging of Compression Stresses Based on Time‐Evolutional Responsiveness
Authors: Ono Nahoko , Seishima Ryo , Shigeta Kohei , Okabayashi Koji , Imai Hiroaki , Fujii Syuji , Oaki Yuya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMechanoresponsive materials have been studied to visualize and measure stresses in various fields. However, the high‐sensitive and spatiotemporal imaging remain a challenging issue. In particular, the time evolutional responsiveness is not easily integrated in mechanoresponsive materials. In the present study, high‐sensitive spatiotemporal imaging of weak compression stresses is achieved by time‐evolutional controlled diffusion processes using conjugated polymer, capsule, and sponge. Stimuli‐responsive polydiacetylene (PDA) is coated inside a sponge. A mechanoresponsive capsule is set on the top face of the sponge. When compression stresses in the range of 6.67–533 kPa are applied to the device, the blue color of PDA is changed to red by the diffusion of the interior liquid containing a guest polymer flowed out of the disrupted capsule. The applied strength (F/N), time (t/s), and impulse (F·t/N s) are visualized and quantified by the red‐color intensity. When a guest metal ion is intercalated in the layered structure of PDA to tune the responsivity, the device visualizes the elapsed time (τ/min) after unloading the stresses. PDA, capsule, and sponge play the important roles to achieve the time evolutional responsiveness for the high‐sensitive spatiotemporal distribution imaging through the controlled diffusion processes.
Molecular dimer junctions forming: Role of disulfide bonds and electrode‐compression‐time
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Yan Yan , Tan Min , Zhang Surong , Xu Xiaona , Zhao Zhibin , Wang Maoning , Zhang Xubin , Adijiang Adila , Li Zongliang , Scheer Elke , Xiang Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThanks to their excellent bond strength, phenyl‐based molecules with thiol anchoring groups are extensively employed to form stable single‐molecule junctions. However, two critical questions are still not answered which seriously hinder high‐yield establishing reliable molecular functional devices: (1) Whether molecular dimer junctions will be formed, and if this is the case, whether the dimerization is caused by intermolecular disulfide bonds or π–π stacking of phenyl rings; (2) Upon a mechanical‐compression force, is it possible that both anchoring groups of the molecule bond to the same electrode instead of bridging two opposite electrodes, which would drastically reduce the yield of the molecular junctions. Here, combining UV‐Vis/Raman spectroscopy of bulk molecules and conductance/flicker‐noise measurements of single molecules, we give compelling evidence that molecular dimers naturally form under ambient conditions, primarily via disulfide bonds rather than by π–π stacking. We further proposed a technique, named electrode‐compression‐hold‐on (ECHO), and reveal that the two thiol groups of phenyl‐backboned molecules will bond to the same electrode upon a compression force with a prolongated ECHO time. In contrast, the compression‐time‐dependent phenomenon is not observed for alkyl‐backboned molecules. The underlying mechanism for these unprecedented observations is elucidated, shedding light on the yield of molecular junctions.
Transformations in Properties of Indian Barnyard Millet Starch as Induced by Ultra‐Sonication and Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Dimri Smita , Singh Sukhcharn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to assess the effect of physical modification techniques on the properties of millet starch. The starch isolated from barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) is subjected to ultrasonication (20 kHz; 30 and 60 min) and gamma irradiation (5 and 10 kGy). The protein content decreases slightly (by 2.5–3.8%) with gamma irradiation and significantly (by 5.7–6.9%) with ultrasonication. As compared to the native starch (20.56%), the amylose content of ultrasonicated starch is significantly higher (21.42% and 21.88%), while it is significantly lower (19.73% and 19.18%) for gamma‐irradiated starch. The swelling power of the native starch (13.57%) increases significantly with ultrasonication (14.21% and 14.33%) treatment; while it decreases significantly with gamma irradiation (13.17% and 12.25%) treatment. The solubility increases to 11.23%, 11.19%, 12.09%, and 13.31% from 10.45%, with both modifications. The peak viscosity of modified starches decreases significantly (2872 and 2700 cP) as compared to the native starch (3832 cP). The starches exhibit a greater value for storage modulus (G′) as compared to loss modulus (G″), reflecting their elastic nature. These transformations in the microstructure, gelatinization, and physicochemical properties of native starch can further be explored for food and textile industrial applications.
RETRACTED: Exploring the tumor microenvironment: Chemokine‐related genes and immunotherapy/chemotherapy response in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Meng Yuhao , Zhang Chen , Fu Tongfei , He Jiaheng , Wu Junsong , Zhan Yongli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains challenge. Chemokines laid impact on the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. The objective was to identify the chemokine‐related genes and construct a prognostic model for ccRCC.MethodsBulk transcriptomic data (n = 531), single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) dataset GSE159115, and other validation cohorts were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and GEO databases. All clustering analysis was conducted by Seurat R package. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, single nucleotide variations (SNV) analysis, and predictive response analysis of immunotherapy/chemotherapy were conducted. 786‐O and A498 cell lines were cultured and applied into CCK‐8, Western blot, and RT‐qPCR kits.ResultsUnivariate Cox analysis was used to screen out chemokine‐related genes related to survival. ZIC2, SMIM24, COL7A1, IGF2BP3, ITPKA, ADAMTS14, CYP3A7, and AURKB were identified and applied for the construction of the prognostic model. High‐risk group had a poorer prognosis than the low‐risk group in each dataset. Memory CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and memory B cells were higher in the high‐risk group, while the content of basophils was higher in the low‐risk group. Bortezomib_1191, Dactinomycin_1911, Docetaxel_1007, and Daporinad_1248 were more sensitive to high‐risk groups than low‐risk groups. Moreover, we found that IGF2BP3 significantly elevated in both 786‐O and A498 cell lines resistance to sunitinib. Knockdown of IGF2BP3 markedly reduced ccRCC cell migration and viability.ConclusionOur study has yielded a novel prognostic model of chemokine‐related genes based on comprehensive transcriptional atlas of ccRCC patients, shedding light on the significant impact of the tumor microenvironment on biology and immunotherapy response of ccRCC. We identified IGF2BP3 as a pivotal regulator in regulating ccRCC resistance to sunitinib.