bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Tobacco ringspot virus in Table Grapes in Michigan
Authors: Schilder A. M. C. , Gillett J. M. , Byrne J. M. , Zabadal T. J. 
Published: May 2007

In 1998, several 10-year-old ‘Marquis’ and ‘Vanessa’ (Vitis sp.) table grapevines at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center in Benton Harbor started showing decline symptoms such as stunted shoots with small leaves and berries. Vines eventually stopped producing fruit and died. In 1999, symptomatic vines were indexed on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘National Pickling’) cotyledons, which developed chlorotic local lesions. Symptomatic cucumber tissue was tested using Ouchterlony double diffusion with polyclonal antibodies for Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) provided by D. Ramsdell. Samples tested positive for TRSV. ‘Marquis’ vines (9 of 45) in the affected area also tested positive in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal antibodies for TRSV (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). Analysis of soil samples from the site in 1989 yielded five dagger nematodes (Xiphinema americanum Cobb) per g of soil, confirming the potential for virus spread by nematodes (1). TRSV reportedly infects Vitis vinifera L. but not V. labrusca L. (1). ‘Marquis’ and ‘Vanessa’ have V. vinifera heritage. The detection of TRSV has led to the establishment of a program for the production of virus-tested table grape planting stock, as well as research on the utility of nematode-resistant rootstocks for growing table grapes at the infested site. Reference: (1) R. C. Pearson and A. C. Goheen, eds. Compendium of Grape Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1995.
First Report of Banana mild mosaic virus Isolated from Plantains (Musa AAB) in Colombia
Authors: Reichel H. , Martínez A. K. , Arroyave J. A. , Sedano R. , Morales F. J. , Duterme O. , Kummert J. , Lepoivre P. 
Published: May 2007

Plantains (Musa AAB) are important sources of food and income for millions of people in Colombia and other developing countries. Colombia is the largest producer of plantains (2) and the third largest exporter of bananas in the world. In 2001, plants of ‘Dominico-Hartón’ plantain showing mild chlorotic streak symptoms were observed in northwestern Colombia. Electron microscopy of symptomatic tissue extracts revealed the presence of filamentous virus-like particles approximately 800 nm long. Immunocapture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to test for the presence of Banana mild mosaic virus (BanMMV) as described by J. E. Thomas (unpublished, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Australia) and Sharman et al. (3). For polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the upstream primer No. 193 (5′-CAC TTA GGT TTG TGT GAT GT-3′) (designed in this study by using the computer Program DNAMAN Version 4.13) and the downstream primer Poty1 (5′-GGA TCC CGG GTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT V-3′) (1,3; J. E. Thomas, unpublished, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Australia) were used. Amplification products of the expected size (approximately 900 bp) were obtained and sequenced after cloning in a pCR2.1 plasmid vector. Analyses of nucleic acid sequences using the international sequence databases and the BLAST program yielded nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities of 80 to 83% and 90 to 92%, respectively, with an Australian isolate of BanMMV (GenBank Accession No. AF314662). The coat protein (CP) gene of the Colombian BanMMV isolate consists of 717 nucleotides. When the CP of the Colombian BanMMV isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. AY319331, AY319332, and AY319333) was compared with the CP of the Australian isolate, a highly variable region was observed in the N-terminus region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BanMMV isolated from plantains in Colombia and the presence of molecular variability in the CP of BanMMV isolates. BanMMV has been found in Colombia associated with Banana streak virus and Cucumber mosaic virus in plantain. References: (1) A. Gibbs and A. Mackenzie. J. Virol.Methods 63:9, 1997 (2) N. S. Price. Infomusa 8(2):26, 1999. (3) M. Sharman et al. J. Virol. Methods 89:75, 2000.
First Report of Melampsora larici-populina on Populus spp. in Eastern North America
Authors: Innes L. , Marchand L. , Frey P. , Bourassa M. , Hamelin R. C. 
Published: May 2007

In September 2002, yellow spots were observed on the leaf surface of a hybrid poplar (Populus maximowiczii Henry × P. balsamifera L.) grown at the Berthier forest nursery (46°2′N, 73°11′W) in the St. Lawrence Valley (Lanaudière Region, Québec, Canada). Disease severity was low, but the pathogen was present on a hybrid that was previously thought to be resistant to Melampsora medusae Thuem, the only reported poplar rust in eastern North America. Uredinia typical of a Melampsora sp. were observed on the abaxial leaf surface. The observed urediniospores were longer (32 to 48 μm) than the expected range for M. medusae (23 to 35 μm) and possessed an apical bald spot; thick paraphyses were also observed. These characteristics are diagnostic of M. larici-populina Kleb (2). Samples were deposited in the National Mycological Herbarium of Canada (DAOM 232107 and 232108) and in the Quebec Forest Biology Herbarium (QFB14703 and 14704). DNA was extracted from uredinia, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. AY429656 and AY429657). There was a 100% match between the two sequences obtained and that of M. larici-populina (GenBank Accession No. AY375267), but there was approximately 12% divergence with the ITS sequence of M. medusae (GenBank Accession No. AY375273-5). This is the first report of M. larici-populina in eastern North America. This fungus was reported on P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids in the western United States in the early 1990s (1). It appears that M. larici-populina can overwinter in Québec because it was observed again at the nursery in September 2003. The occurrence of M. larici-populina in eastern North America has direct implications for the poplar industry since the host specificities of M. medusae and M. larici-populina differ; P. balsamifera and P. maximowiczii are sensitive to M. larici-populina (3). Hybrids with P. balsamifera or P. trichocarpa components may be particularly at risk. References: (1) G. Newcombe and G. A. Chastagner. Plant Dis. 77:532, 1993. (2) J. Pinon. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 3:221, 1973. (3) J. Pinon. Silvae Genet. 41:25, 1992.
Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus in Gerbera jamesonii in India
Authors: Verma N. , Singh A. K. , Singh L. , Kulshreshtha S. , Raikhy G. , Hallan V. , Ram R. , Zaidi A. A. 
Published: May 2007

Gerbera jamesonii (family Asteraceae) is a popular perennial ornamental cut flower and potted plant with considerable economic importance. In a survey of gerbera grown in floriculture fields at the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur and nearby nurseries, color break symptoms on the petals, asymmetrical ray florets, and deformed flowers were observed during 2003-2004. The virus evoked chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium album, C. amaranticolor, and C. quinoa, while systemic mosaic was observed on Cucumis sativus, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. glutinosa, and N. tabacum cv. Samsun. The virus was transmitted nonpersistently by Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii and was identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with CMV-specific antibodies (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Polyhedral particles approximately 29 nm were observed with electron microscopy of leaf dips from symptomatic gerbera leaves. Total RNA was isolated from the infected gerbera plants and N. glutinosa by using RNAqueous (Ambion, Austin, TX). CMV-specific primers (1) were used to detect the virus with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that produced an amplicon predicted size of approximately 540 bp, but the virus was not detected in healthy controls. Sequence alignment of the amplicons (533 bp) utilizing BLAST resulted in 91 to 99% homology with the partial intercistronic region and partial coat protein gene (1042-1574 bp) (gene sequence submitted to EMBL database with Accession no. AJ634532) of CMV RNA3 in subgroup I. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV on gerbera in India. Reference: (1) C. De Blas et al. J. Phytopathol. 141:323, 1994.
First Report of Soybean dwarf virus on Soybean in Wisconsin
Authors: Phibbs A. , Barta A. , Domier L. L. 
Published: May 2007

Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) causes widespread economic losses on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Japan (4), and has been reported on soybean in Virginia (2), in various legumes in the southeastern United States (1), and in peas in California (3). During late July and early August of 2003, soybean plants in Wisconsin were surveyed for SbDV. In 286 soybean fields at the R2-R4 growth stage, the uppermost fully unfurled leaf was collected from 10 plants at each of five sites. Samples were collected at random without regard to symptoms. SbDV symptom information was not recorded. Samples were stored on ice until frozen at -80°C. Five fields in four Wisconsin counties (Columbia, Lafayette, Sauk, and Waushara) tested positive for SbDV using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). DAS-ELISA testing was conducted with reagents from Agdia, Inc (Elkhart, IN) following the manufacturer's protocol. Absorbance was read at 405 nm with a Stat Fax 2100 microplate reader (Awareness Technology, Inc., Palm City, FL) or visually evaluated. DAS-ELISA did not discriminate between strains of SbDV. The presence of SbDV was confirmed, and strain identity was inferred as dwarfing strain using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted from homogenized leaf tissue, reverse transcribed, and amplified with the SuperScript One Step RT-PCR System (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and SbDV-specific primers (5′-CTGCTTCTGGTGATTACACTGCCG-3′ and 5′-CGCTTTCATTTAACGYCATCAAAGGG-3′). Size of the RT-PCR products (110 bp) was consistent with the dwarfing strain, SbDV-D. All locations that tested positive for SbDV showed soybean aphids, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Homoptera: Aphididae), on 100% of soybean plants. Several aphid species have been reported to vector SbDV, but at this time, vector relations in the Wisconsin infections are unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SbDV infecting soybean in Wisconsin. References: (1) V. D. Damsteegt et al. Plant Dis. 79:48, 1995. (2) A. Fayad et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 90(Suppl.):S132, 2000. (3) G. R. Johnstone et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 74:795(A43), 1984. (4) T. Tamada et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 35:282, 1969.
Black Dead Arm and Basal Canker of Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe Caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa in Chile
Authors: Auger J. , Esterio M. , Ricke G. , Pérez I. 
Published: May 2007

Several years ago, Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe vines (over 6 years old), started to show disease symptoms approximately 10 weeks after bud break. Symptoms first appeared on the leaves at the base of the shoots and then spread to other leaves, continuing to appear throughout the growing season. Two forms of the disease (severe and mild) were observed, each case leading to premature leaf fall. The severe form was characterized by dieback of one or more shoots accompanied by leaf drop and shriveling and drying of fruit clusters. The mild form was characterized by wine-red spots on the leaf margins or the leaf blade, which coalesced to form large zones of necrosis between the veins and the margins of the leaf. Fruit clusters may wither. If the bark is scraped off, a brown streak, 1 to 2 cm wide, was often seen in the wood. The streaking began at the base of the affected shoot and extended upward to the ground level, eventually resulting in a basal canker. Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoemaker (anamorph = Sphaeropsis malorum Berk.) was isolated from 86% of samples from vines that were 6 to 10 years old from 12 locations in IV, V, VI, and metropolitan regions of Chile. Isolations were made from brownstreaked wood. Isolates were identified on the basis of a previous description (1,2) and internal transcribed spacer (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2) rDNA sequences identical to those of B. obtusa (culture KJ9356, GenBank Accession No. AF027759). B. obtusa is established as one of the main fungi associated with black dead arm of grapevine (2,3). Pathogenicity tests were completed by inoculating approximately 20 μl of mycelial suspension via injection into the pith of 16 single-node, rooted cuttings of V. vinifera cv. Red Globe. Sixteen control cuttings were injected with an equal volume of sterile distilled water. Twenty weeks after inoculation, all B. obtusa-inoculated cuttings exhibited brown streaks in the wood extending 50 to 60 mm from the point of inoculation. The wood streaking observed in inoculated plants was identical to symptoms observed in naturally infected black dead arm vines in the vineyard. No symptoms were observed in the controls. B.obtusa was reisolated from the region of brown streaking in all the inoculated cuttings. B. obtusa was not isolated from the water-treated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. obtusa causing black dead arm and basal canker on Red Globe grapevine in Chile. The fungal isolates have been deposited in the plant pathology laboratory of the Sanidad Vegetal Department of Agronomy Faculty of the University of Chile under the name V. vinifera/B. obtusa from N 1 to 16. References: (1) G. Cristinzio. Inf. Fitopatol. 28:21, 1978. (2) P. Larignon and B. Dubos. Phytoma 538:26, 2001. (3) A. J. L. Phillips. J. Phytopathol. 146:327, 1998.
First Report of the Causal Agent of Huanglongbing (“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”) in Brazil
Authors: Coletta-Filho H. D. , Targon M. L. P. N. , Takita M. A. , De Negri J. D. , Pompeu J. , Machado M. A. , do Amaral A. M. , Muller G. W. 
Published: May 2007

Huanglongbing (ex-greening) disease is one of the most serious diseases of citrus. It is caused by the phloem-limited, gram-negative bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter spp.”. This bacterium is not well characterized mainly because it is still uncultured. There are two known strains, Asian (“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”) and African (“Candidatus Liberibacter africanus”) that cause severe damage to citrus plants including twig dieback, decline, and death. Symptoms first appear as leaf mottling and chlorosis occurring in one shoot or sector of trees. Later, leaf symptoms resemble nutritional deficiencies (Zn, Ca, and N) that vary depending on the strains, with more severe symptoms caused by “Ca. L. asiaticus”. The Asian strains are transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (AsCP), Diaphorina citri, which is present in Brazil. The bacterium has been detected in citrus plants in many geographic locations including China, Japan, Thailand, India, the Philippines, the Arabian Peninsula, and Africa. In 2004, plants showing Huanglongbing symptoms were observed in the Araraquara County, a central region of the State of Sao Paulo, the largest citrus-producing area in Brazil. To verify the presence of “Ca. L. spp.” in these plants, leaf samples of sweet orange cvs. Hamlin and Valencia were used for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification using the specific OI1 and Oi2c primers (1). Amplification of the 16S rDNA was positive for 2 (cvs. Hamlin and Valencia) of 10 analyzed plants. The amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. The amplicons obtained from both plants showed the same sequence, which differed from “Ca. L. africanus”, utilized as the positive control in the amplification experiment (27 divergent bases in 1,160). The sequences were used for BLAST searches, and the results showed identities ranging from 94.71 to 100% with “Ca. L. spp.” sequences available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (on-line publication). The highest scores were obtained with “Ca. L. asiaticus sequences. These analyses confirmed the presence of such agent in the State of Sao Paulo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of “Ca. L. asiaticus” in Brazil as well as elsewhere in the Americas. The significance of this report relates to the potential damage that this pathogen could cause to the citrus industry in the largest citrus-producing country in the world. It remains unclear how and when the pathogen entered Brazil. Reference: (1) S. Jagoueix et al. Mol. Cell Probes 10:43, 1996.
First Report of Bacterial Canker of Walnut Caused by Brenneria nigrifluens in France
Authors: Ménard M. , Delort F. , Baudry A. , Le Saux M. 
Published: May 2007

Since the summer of 2000, vertical oozing cankers have been observed on trunks and branches of Persian walnut trees (Juglans regia). Cvs. Fernor, Chandler, Mayette, and Hartley were the most frequently affected, but cvs. Lara and Franquette could also be affected. Brenneria nigrifluens (synonym Erwinia nigrifluens) (3) was isolated from diseased trees from 13 orchards and nurseries in southwestern (Aquitaine, Périgord, Charentes, and Quercy), southeastern (Grenoble areas), and western (near Angers) France. Cankers were observed on trunks and branches where brown-to-black exudates staining the bark appeared mainly in the summer. Isolations were performed primarily from exudates but also from infected tissues by using King's medium B. Colonies similar in appearance to Brenneria nigrifluens (1) were purified and characterized. Gram reaction, Kovac's oxidase, oxidative-fermentative metabolism, and urease activity were assayed for all isolates. API Biotype 100 kits (BioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) were used as recommended, except that incubations were at 28°C for 4 days. When compared with the reference strain (French Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (CFBP) 4998T = National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (NCPPB) 564T = American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 13028T) from California, 14 isolated strains were identified as B. nigrifluens on the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics. These 14 strains were deposited in the CFBP under Accession Nos. 6746 to 6759. Pathogenicity of three selected strains (CFBP 6746, 6747, and 6758) was confirmed by inoculating branches of 7-year-old walnut trees with 108 CFU of each isolate introduced in wounds (2). The reference strain (CFBP 4998T) and water were similarly inoculated as controls. Two and five months later, necrotic lesions were observed in the inner bark and dark lines were observed in internal wood, but no external cankers were observed on any trees inoculated with the local and reference strains. B. nigrifluens was reisolated from the dark lines in internal wood up to approximately 10 cm from the inoculation site. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this bacterium in France. References: (1) L. Hauben et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 21:384, 1998. (2) M. Ridé and S. Ridé. Proc. Int. Conf. Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 4th, 2:957, 1978. (3) E. E. Wilson et al. Phytopathology 47:669, 1957.
First Report of Ash Anthracnose Caused by Discula fraxinea in Oregon
Authors: Rossman A. Y. , Castlebury L. A. , Putnam M. L. 
Published: May 2007

Anthracnose on ash trees has been observed on landscape trees in western Oregon, yet there has been no formal report of the disease or its causal fungus. Anthracnose symptoms are observed annually in May and become severe by July when defoliation starts to occur. From 1989 to now, samples have been received from Benton, Josephine, and Marion counties, suggesting that ash anthracnose has been present throughout western Oregon for some time. To identify the causal agent, a fungus was isolated from acervuli on necrotic lesions on leaves of cultivated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) trees in Benton County in July 2003. The acervuli produced hyaline, nonseptate, ellipsoid conidia 5 to 11 × 3.5 to 6 µm in diameter. The fungus was identified as Discula fraxinea (Peck) Redlin & Stack (teleomorph Gnomoniella fraxini Redlin & Stack) (2). The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (GenBank Accession No. AY455814) and large subunit (GenBank Accession No. AY455818) nrDNA agreed with those of D. fraxinea from Maryland, except for three single-base substitutions and three insertions/deletions in ITS1. Ash anthracnose has been reported from the central and eastern United States and California, the prairie provinces in Canada, and recently, from British Columbia (1). A specimen (U.S. National Fungus Collections BPI 843391) and culture (Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures CBS 114053) of D. fraxinea from Oregon were deposited. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. On-line publication. ARS USDA, 2003. (2) S. C. Redlin and R. W. Stack. Mycotaxon 32:175, 1988.
First Report of Beet pseudo yellows virus in Blackberry in the United States
Authors: Tzanetakis I. E. , Martin R. R. 
Published: May 2007

Blackberry (Rubus sp.) plants in Arkansas, North Carolina, and South Carolina during the last 3 years have shown symptoms typical of virus infection, including vein yellowing, line pattern, and mottle, and in certain cases, decline and death. All of the symptomatic plants used in our studies were infected with Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) (1). We cloned cDNA derived from dsRNA extracted from a symptomatic plant from South Carolina and identified two cDNA clones (approximate size of 700 and 900 bp, in addition to those that corresponded to a sequence of BYVaV) with sequences identical to the sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY 268107) of Beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV) heat shock protein 70 homolog gene. Total RNA extracts from the symptomatic plant were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with oligonucleotide primers BP CPm F (5′ TTCATATTAAGGATGCGCAGA 3′) and BP CPm R (5′ TGAAAGATGTCCRCTAATGATA 3′) that amplified a fragment of the minor coat protein (CPm) gene of BPYV. A PCR amplicon of the expected size (334 bp) was generated, and sequencing confirmed the results of the random cloning. We also detected the virus in a second blackberry plant from South Carolina with RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of blackberry as a host of BPYV and the third new host of BPYV identified in the last few months (2,3). The naturalization of Trialeuroides vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly in the southern United States, and the broad host range of virus and vector make BPYV a potential threat for many crops in North America. References: (1) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 93:S85, 2003. (2) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. Plant Dis. 87:1398, 2003. (3) W. M. Wintermantel. Plant Dis. 88:82, 2004.