bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV light treatment (278 nm) for detoxification of aflatoxins and application in edible and medicinal herb coix seed
Authors: Zou Linjun , Sun Zhaocui , Li Qinglong , Yang Erlan , Yang Meihua , Zhang Jiawen , Sun Zhonghao , Wu Haifeng , Luo Zuliang , Ma Guoxu , Xu Xudong 
Published: April 2024

SummaryAflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and cancer‐causing compounds, which could be commonly found in agricultural products and feeds. However, different tactics for detoxification have significant limitations due to their unsuitability for use. In this study, an LED UV curing system (wavelength: 278 nm, irradiation energy: 100%, irradiation time: 10 min) could effectively reduce pure aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), pure aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and pure aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) (detoxification rates are more than 80%). In addition, in vitro biocompatibility tests indicate that the hypertoxicity of the obtained AFs‐degraded solutions was significantly reduced, which might be because the unsaturated ketone structure in AFB1, AFB2 and AFG1 was broken. Moreover, in processed coix seed and dried boat‐fruited Sterculia seed samples, the amount of AF was greatly reduced, and the rate of degradation was more than 85% with irradiation for 30 min. These data adequately implied that the current work might offer a practical way to detoxify AFs in various medicinal plants and foods.
Metabolomic profiling, nutritional parameters and potential bioactive metabolites of the edible mushroom Tricholoma mesoamericanum
Authors: Gamboa‐Becerra Roberto , Montoya Leticia , Bandala Víctor M. , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan L. , Guerrero‐Analco José A. , Ramos Antero 
Published: April 2024

SummaryEdible Mushrooms boast a diverse array of biomolecules with exceptional nutritional and bioactive benefits for humans. This study conducted metabolomic and nutritional analyses, aiming to identify potential bioactive metabolites in Tricholoma mesoamericanum from Pinus forests in Veracruz, Mexico. These mushrooms exhibited high carbohydrate and protein contents, coupled with a significant anti‐oxidant capacity. Metabolomic analysis identified 181 different compounds, with terpenoids, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids as the most enriched compound classes detected in T. mesoamericanum. Some compounds presented a positive correlation, while others demonstrated negative correlations with anti‐oxidant activity, ash, carbohydrate, fat, and protein contents. Notably, 39 of these compounds have previously demonstrated medicinal properties in other mushroom species, suggesting potential health benefits for humans. This study presents the first combined nutritional and metabolomic analysis of T. mesoamericanum, highlighting its value and underscoring the importance of sustainable management and further research to explore its bioactive potential, as unveiled in this investigation.
Impacts of superfine grinding on structural characteristics and lipid‐lowering effect of bitter melon polysaccharides
Authors: Zhu Ying , Zhou Xinyu , Zhang Yanshun , Zhan Enqi , Ouyang Zian , Bai Juan , Zhao Yansheng , Xiao Xiang 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn this study, the effects of superfine grinding on the structural and physicochemical properties of bitter melon polysaccharides (BPS) were investigated, and Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to evaluate fat‐lowering bioactivities of BPS. Results illustrated that superfine grinding resulted in high extraction of BPSs yielding with altered microstructure, different monosaccharide compositions and molecular weights. In addition, improved water/oil‐holding capacity, solubility and swelling capacity of polysaccharides were observed following superfine grinding. Furthermore, C. elegans study revealed that BPSs exhibited strong inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation, especially BPS‐25 (extracted from bitter melon treated with superfine grinding) reducing the triglyceride content from 9.49 to 1.85 mg g−1.prot. Mechanistic study showed that the lipid‐lowering effects of BPSs largely dependent on the insulin signalling pathway, fatty acid oxidation or lipolysis pathways. In all, our study underscore that superfine grinding can effectively improve the lipid‐lowing effects of bitter melon polysaccharides.
The role of food science and technology in navigating the health issues of ultra‐processed foods
Authors: Mellor Duane 
Published: April 2024

SummaryFood processing is seen as a double‐edged sword. It is argued to have helped to provide a stable and safe food supply to urbanised societies, however with NOVA definition of ultra‐processed foods it has now been linked to disease. Food science and technology has arguably been a major contributor to both. These potential harms are not a deliberate act, they simply meet the legal and market obligations placed on food businesses to be successful. So how food science and technology be pivoted back to improve health needs exploration, which will need to be consider within other issues including sustainability. Additionally, the increasing demand for plant‐based meat alternatives and the role of fortification along with sustainable packaging and logistics to either enhance the physical properties and nutritional value of foods alongside minimising the need to process to transport them from farm to plate are further challenges. Finally, it will be considered how our food system might be supported to go through its next scientific and technological revolution to deliver a food environment and supply that has its primary objective of supporting human and planetary health, but in a way that is economically successful for all members of society.
Developing a mentoring program to support the next generation of immunologists
Authors: Dvorscek Alexandra R 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMentorship refers to the guidance given by a mentor to a less experienced individual to enhance their professional and personal development. For graduate research students, seeking independent mentors external to their institution offers the rewarding opportunity to obtain objective guidance on a variety of work, study and life matters. This article outlines the steps taken to develop a professional society‐based, international mentoring program of over 70 participants. This 6‐month program aimed to connect graduate research students with more senior academic scientists in response to the limited networking opportunities imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Australia. Outlined here are the resources used to maximize the potential of this successful program, which include (1) an ‘Introduction to Mentoring’ workshop, (2) the use of a mentoring software or communication strategy to maintain program momentum and (3) the integration of in‐person networking events. Overall, the program was a great success, with a high satisfaction rating (8.7/10) and a large number of participants reported that they would maintain their mentoring relationship. All participants stated that they would recommend the program to a peer, and thus reiterations of the program would likely be similarly well‐received and beneficial to the Australasian immunology community.
The effects of visual art therapy on adults with depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Bingyue , Jia Yong , Hu Guannan , Bai Linquan , Gains Hayley , You Simiao , He Rendong , Jiao Yongliang , Huang Kexin , Cui Lianzhi , Chen Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDepression constitutes a pervasive global mental health concern and stands as a principal determinant of elevated suicide rates worldwide. Recent empirical investigations have showcased the significant potential of visual art therapy (VAT) in ameliorating symptoms among individuals with depression. Nevertheless, specific studies have yielded findings marked by inconclusiveness, underscoring the imperative need for further research to comprehensively establish its efficacy. This study is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of extant research, to ascertain the efficacy and effect size of VAT as an intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. A comprehensive search was conducted across 10 databases. The search encompassed articles published from the inception of these databases up until October 18, 2023. Two researchers screened the literature in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a thorough quality assessment. The original data and the data obtained from the literature were extracted for further analysis. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using Stata 17.0 software. fifteen studies were included, encompassing a total of 932 participants. The outcomes of meta‐analysis unveiled a statistically significant effect of VAT in diminishing depressive symptoms among adults (SMD = −0.73; 95% CI, −1.07 to −0.39; p < 0.001; 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs); low‐quality evidence). The subgroup analysis indicated that VAT exhibited heightened effectiveness among adults below 65 years of age, with interventions lasting ≤12 weeks demonstrating superior efficacy. Additionally, sensitivity analysis underscored the robustness and reliability of the findings. VAT appears to alleviate depressive symptoms among adults. Existing research indicates that the effectiveness of VAT is influenced by factors, such as intervention population characteristics and intervention duration. However, to comprehensively probe the efficacy of VAT, future studies should strive for larger sample sizes, multicentre collaborations, and long‐term follow‐ups.
Systematic review of tobacco smoking prevalence among young people in treatment for first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Thaker Parth , Gartner Coral , Kisely Steve , Plever Sally 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo determine whether smoking prevalence in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) is different than in people with established psychosis in long‐term treatment. A systematic review of cross‐sectional, case–control and cohort studies identified from searches of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to 12 August 2023. 20 studies out of 2773 screened titles were included. There was no clear pattern of smoking by diagnosis as smoking rates in people with FEP ranged from 43% to 78%, while in those with established psychosis, it ranged from 19% to 76%. The wide range of smoking levels in both populations precluded conclusions as to whether smoking rates are different between people with FEP and established psychosis suggesting that factors other than the time course of the illness influence smoking levels.
Traditional versus virtual interviews: A perspective of paediatric dentistry program directors and residents
Authors: Yeroshalmi Farhad , Steinberg Aaron , Margulis Keith S. , Badner Victor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic restrictions necessitated changes in conduct of the interview process for the selection of candidates in paediatric dentistry residency programs.AimsTo examine the experiences and attitudes of paediatric dentistry program directors and residents regarding the virtual interview process during the 2020/2021 application cycle.DesignA survey was sent to 82 directors and 416 postdoctoral members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry with data collected from individuals interviewed during the 2020/2021 cycle.ResultsResponse rates for directors and residents were 27% (N = 22/82) and 17% (N = 72/416), respectively. Seventy‐three percent of directors (N = 16) believed that virtual interviews were not an adequate substitute for in‐person interviews and made it difficult to present facilities, observe applicant interactions, and assess personality. Fifty‐nine percent of the directors (N = 13) were not interested in using virtual interviews if restrictions were lifted. Residents reported that virtual interviews were accommodating but were unable to observe interpersonal interactions, assess the location and facilities, and understand the program culture. Sixty‐one percent of residents (N = 44) prefer to interview in‐person.ConclusionThe majority of program directors (73%) felt that virtual interviews could not substitute for in‐person interviews and 59% would not be interested in using virtual interviews in the future. Residents (94%) reported inability to evaluate the location and facilities, and 61% prefer to interview in‐person for future interviews.
Development and validation of machine learning models to predict frailty risk for elderly
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Junchao , Xie Fang , Wang Xinghui , Dong Shanshan , Luo Nan , Li Feng , Li Yuewei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsEarly identification and intervention of the frailty of the elderly will help lighten the burden of social medical care and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, we used machine learning (ML) algorithm to develop models to predict frailty risk in the elderly.DesignA prospective cohort study.MethodsWe collected data on 6997 elderly people from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study wave 6–7 surveys (2011–2012, 2014). After the baseline survey in 1998 (wave 1), the project conducted follow‐up surveys (wave 2–8) in 2000–2018. The osteoporotic fractures index was used to assess frailty. Four ML algorithms (random forest [RF], support vector machine, XGBoost and logistic regression [LR]) were used to develop models to identify the risk factors of frailty and predict the risk of frailty. Different ML models were used for the prediction of frailty risk in the elderly and frailty risk was trained on a cohort of 4385 elderly people with frailty (split into a training cohort [75%] and internal validation cohort [25%]). The best‐performing model for each study outcome was tested in an external validation cohort of 6997 elderly people with frailty pooled from the surveys (wave 6–7). Model performance was assessed by receiver operating curve and F2‐score.ResultsAmong the four ML models, the F2‐score values were similar (0.91 vs. 0.91 vs. 0.88 vs. 0.90), and the area under the curve (AUC) values of RF model was the highest (0.75), followed by LR model (0.74). In the final two models, the AUC values of RF and LR model were similar (0.77 vs. 0.76) and their accuracy was identical (87.4% vs. 87.4%).ConclusionOur study developed a preliminary prediction model based on two different ML approaches to help predict frailty risk in the elderly.ImpactThe presented models from this study can be used to inform healthcare providers to predict the frailty probability among older adults and maybe help guide the development of effective frailty risk management interventions.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareDetecting frailty at an early stage and implementing timely targeted interventions may help to improve the allocation of health care resources and to reduce frailty‐related burden. Identifying risk factors for frailty could be beneficial to provide tailored and personalized care intervention for older adults to more accurately prevent or improve their frail conditions so as to improve their quality of life.Reporting MethodThe study has adhered to STROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Expert‐based range maps cannot be replicated using data‐driven methods but macroecological conclusions arising from them can
Authors: Aronsson Heléne , Zizka Alexander , Antonelli Alexandre , Faurby Søren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimAnswering many fundamental and applied scientific questions relies on accurate geographic range maps for species, such as those compiled by experts working with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, these maps are resource demanding to produce and only available for a limited number of organisms. Here, we test to what extent standardized, data‐driven methods based on publicly available occurrences can reproduce expert‐based IUCN range maps and the macroecological conclusions drawn from them.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodPresent.TaxaBirds.Materials and MethodsWe estimated the geographic ranges for 7385 non‐marine bird species which either were non‐migratory or had spatially connected breeding and wintering ranges from publicly available, georeferenced point occurrences. We then quantified the spatial overlap between these range estimates and the IUCN expert‐derived range estimates. Finally, we compared global species richness patterns and the environmental correlates that emerge from both approaches.ResultsWe find that range estimates based on point occurrence records overlap on average 52% with expert range estimates for the same species. The global species richness patterns estimated under both approaches are overall similar but show local and regional differences, for example, in the tropical Andes of northern South America and the Central Arc region of Africa. The estimated global drivers of richness are similar.Main ConclusionsExpert‐derived estimates of species distributions are not reproducible by data‐driven approaches relying on currently available public records, even for well‐documented taxa such as birds. However, these discrepancies do not substantially change our macroecological understanding of global drivers of bird diversity.
Gender equity in academic dermatology: Problems aplenty, yet paths ahead
Authors: Walter Sophie , Murrell Dedee F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEfforts to achieve gender equity of health professionals should be a priority in all fields of medicine, including academic dermatology. This review aimed, first, to summarize available evidence about the status of gender equity in various domains of academic dermatology—headship positions, salary, editor and editorial board appointments, publications, conference presentations, receipt of research grants and academic prizes—second, to identify challenges to achieving gender equity and, third, to articulate the components of a multifaceted strategy for gender parity. A variety of databases were searched. Manual searching of reference lists and searching of grey literature were also undertaken. It was found that, despite improvements in some domains, the gender inequity persists in all of the above‐mentioned areas of academic dermatology. Challenges to achieve gender parity include time in pregnancy, disproportionate participation in childrearing and domestic tasks compared with men, suboptimal legislation in many jurisdictions for parenting and childcare leave, and unconscious biases about women. Elements of a multipronged approach include strengthening women's dermatology societies that advocate for women in academia; celebrating the careers of distinguished female academic dermatologists; mentoring; promoting leadership courses; striving for a greater representation of women among editors‐in‐chief, authors, and conference presenters, among others; seeking better pay, leave conditions and other work entitlements; conducting high‐quality research about gender inequity in academic dermatology; imposing sanctions for violations of gender equity; supporting dermatologists' health; and learning from the experience of other fields of academic medicine.
The influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child development: A conceptual framework for research with U.S. families in poverty
Authors: Osborne Kimberly R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNearly three decades since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, federal cash assistance to families in poverty in the United States has entered political discourse once more with the Biden Administration's introduction of the American Families Plan. At the heart of this discussion are theories of change that derive from the family and developmental sciences. As a result, scientists in these fields have a duty to understand the history of the last reform and the consequences it has since had for children in poverty. In this paper, I review the history of perspectives toward government social assistance programs, as well as extant research demonstrating the mechanisms through which maternal employment and federal cash assistance impact child wellbeing. Lastly, I propose a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child wellbeing to guide future research.
Words matter: The role of family weight talk in anxiety and depression
Authors: Smith Maggie L. , Brimhall Andrew S. , Didericksen Katharine W. , Jensen Jakob F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFamily weight talk, in the forms of both family weight teasing and encouragement to diet, has been linked to numerous adverse outcomes, including increased disordered eating, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and body mass index. However, little is known about its role in mental health outcomes, especially for emerging adults. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we examined the role of family weight teasing (FWT) and parental encouragement to diet in anxiety and depression and explored body weight perception as a moderator within a sample of 292 emerging adults. Results indicated that FWT was significantly associated with increased anxiety and depression. No significant relationships were found between parental encouragement to diet and the outcome variables, and no group differences emerged across body weight perception. Findings of this pilot study can be used to inform future research to decrease family weight talk and improve psychosocial outcomes for emerging adults.
“I want to lift my people up”: Exploring the psychological correlates of racial themes within the life stories of midlife Black Americans
Authors: Mayukha Ananya , Guzman Ambar , Jitklongsub Sirin , McAdams Dan P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores how middle‐aged Black Americans talk about race, without prompting, while telling their life stories.MethodDrawing upon a dataset of lengthy Life Story Interviews (N = 70), we first employed a keyword search to identify race‐relevant interview scenes for each participant. Next, we conducted a thematic analysis of these scenes to identify salient racial narrative themes. Finally, we coded race‐relevant scenes to examine the psychological correlates of racial narrative themes.ResultsWe identified 460 total racially themed Life Story Interview scenes, with the number of racially themed scenes ranging from 1 to 17 across participants' interviews. Racial narrative themes included Community of Care, Black Cultural Identity, Multiculturalism, Activism, Encounter with Racism, Systemic Racism, and Racial Reckoning. Quantitative analyses highlight a relationship between racial narrative themes and psychological measures of wisdom and generativity.ConclusionThis study offers insight into the ways that race manifests in the life stories of Black Americans and highlights the importance of considering race in the study of narrative identity, and personality, more broadly.