bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Indian epidemiological overview of ocular emergencies of the year 2022
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Debapriya , Mukherjee Shreyasi , Francis Gijo , Mukherjee Harinath 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim and Objective: This study aimed to provide an epidemiological overview of ocular emergencies that occurred in India in the year 2022. The study analyzed the demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics of patients who presented with ocular emergencies to various eye care facilities across the country. The study also evaluated the outcomes and complications of ocular emergencies and identified the risk factors and preventive measures for reducing their incidence and severity. Method In this retrospective study, we extracted data from the NPCBVI online portal Niramaya and calculated the frequency, percentage, and incidence rates of ocular emergencies according to various demographic and geographic variables. Results In India, more males (55.9%) than females (44.1%) were blind. The age group with the highest frequency of blindness was 15–49 years (40%), followed by 50–69 years (30%), ≥ 70 years (20%) and < 15 years (10%). Most of the blind people lived in rural areas (70%), while only 30% lived in urban areas. The states/UTs with the highest frequency of blindness were Uttar Pradesh (12.3%), Maharashtra (10.5%), Bihar (8.7%), West Bengal (7.4%) and Madhya Pradesh (6.8%). The remaining states/UTs accounted for 54.3% of the blind population. The most common causes of blindness were trauma (32.8%), infection/inflammation (34.5%) and glaucoma (24.7%). Other causes make up 8% of the total. Conclusion We concluded that ocular emergencies are a significant public health problem in India, and additional research is needed to understand their epidemiology and management.
No significant clinical value by adding on Jin-gu-lian Capsule in rheumatoid arthritis therapy: a real world study
Authors: Chen Yong , He Mang , Zhao Si-Jin , Chen Yan-Juan , Zhang Yong-Qiao , Chen Xiao-Long , Yang Chuan-Jie , Luo Yu-Zhuo , Xing Zhou-Xiong , Tian Mei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the clinical value of adding on Jin-gu-lian Capsule (JGL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment on disease activity and quality of life (QoL) by a real world study (RWS).
Methods
A RWS was conducted to compare the inflammatory markers including IgM-RF, ESR and CRP between RA patients treated with western medicine only (reference group) and adding on JGL (study group) for one year of following up. The data was acquired from hospital information system (HIS). Telephone call based following up on QoL (SF-36), and accompanied symptoms including gastrointestinal complaints, attack of pneumonia ect. Finally, the anti-rheumatic drugs in both groups were also compared. And this RWS was further validated its feasibility by ruining the flow on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).
Results
The study group failed to show better controlling effect on inflammatory markers, especially the CRP levels indicated it may inferior to the reference group. At the ending point, no significant differences between the two groups on QoL and accompanied symptoms. The patients in study group might need more kinds of anti-rheumatic drugs to fill the treatment insufficiency, and the application ratio of NSAIDs was significantly higher than the reference group. By ruining this research flow on HCQ, the positive results of controlling disease activity and reducing NSAIDs application was discovered, which prove the feasibility of the RWS.
Conclusions
No significant clinical benefit by adding on JGL in rheumatoid arthritis therapy was observed.
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in the Wolaita zone in Southern Ethiopia. Mid-stage evaluation of the Geshiyaro project and progress towards the interruption of transmission
Authors: Mengistu Birhan , Liyew Ewnetu Firdawek , Chernet Melkie , Tasew Geremew , Maddren Rosie , Collyer Benjamin , Anjulo Ufaysa , Tamiru Adugna , Forbes Kathryn , Mehari Zelalem , Deribe Kebede , Yadeta Teshale , Salasibew Mihretab , Tollera Getachew , Anderson Roy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This paper documents changes in the prevalence and intensity of Soil-Transmitted helminths
(STH) infections in the Geshiyaro project in the Woliata zone of Southern Ethiopia.
Method
The Geshiyaro project comprises three intervention arms. Arm 1 is sub-divided into “Arm 1 pilot” (one district), and Arm 1 (four other districts), both receiving integrated community-wide MDA with intensive WaSH interventions. Arm 2 involves 18 districts with community-wide MDA interventions plus the existing government- led “One-WaSH” programme, while Arm 3 serves as a control with school-based MDA interventions plus the existing government-led “One-WaSH” programme in three districts. A total of 45 longitudinal parasitological surveillance sentinel sites are being used across all three intervention arms to monitor STH prevalence. From each of the 45 sentinel sites, 150 individuals were randomly selected, stratified by age and gender. T-tests and ANOVA were employed to compare infection prevalence and intensity across the three study arms.
Results
The prevalence of STH decreased significantly 34.5% (30.6%, 38.5) in 2019 to 10.6% (8.3%, 13.4%) in 2022/2023 (df=1, p<0.0001) in Arm 1 pilot, from 27.4% (25.2%, 29.7%) in 2020 to 5.5% (4.4%, 6.7%) in 2023 (df=1, p<0.0001) in Arm 1, from 23% (21.3%, 24.8%) in 2020 to 4.5% (3.7%, 5.3%) in 2023 (df=1, p<0.001) in Arm 2, from 49.6% (47.4%, 51.7%) in 2021 to 26.1% in 2023 (df=1, p<0.0001) in Arm 3. The relative reduction in the prevalence of any STH was the highest in the Arms employing community wide MDA; namely, Arm 2, with a decrease of 82.5% (79.3%, 84.2%), followed by Arm 1 with a reduction of 80.1% (75.3%, 84.6%), then Arm 1 pilot with a decrease of 69.4% (60.1%. 76.6%). Arm 3 employing school-based MDA had the lowest decrease with a reduction of 46.9% (43.6%, 51%). The mean intensity of infection (based on Kato Katz egg count measures) for Ascarisspecies which was the dominant STH species present in the study area decreased significantly in Arms 1 and 2, but only slightly in Arm 3. The prevalence of hookworm and Trichuris infections were found to be relatively small in all arms and decreased significantly.
Conclusion
The reduction in prevalence and intensity in Arms 1 and 2 revealed steady progress towards transmission interruption based on community-wide MDA intervention but additional efforts are required to achieve a 2% prevalence threshold by qPCR.
Clinical characteristics and mortality outcomes associated with subtypes of steatotic liver disease in the United States
Authors: Zhang Pengwei , Yang Sijia , Yu Peipei , Zeng Yijun , Ye Chunhong , Wang Panpan , Wang Mingwei , Li Li , Dong Xianhui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background In 2023, experts from the European and American regions proposed the concepts of steatotic liver disease (SLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MASLD was proposed as a replacement for NAFLD. We compared the long-term outcomes of patients with various subtypes of SLD and participants with the various combinations of MASLD and NAFLD definitions.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study using the NHANESIII database. Cox proportional risk models were used to study the all-cause mortality and mortality from specific causes of patients with subtypes of SLD, MASLD, and NAFLD.
Results During a follow-up period of 31 years (median 25 years), the adjusted risks of all-cause death for patients with MASLD was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.29; P=0.04) vs. the non-SLD group. There was a high level of consistency between MASLD and NAFLD (Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.62545 ± 0.0175). Advanced fibrosis was the most serious risk factor for all-cause mortality in MASLD, and high C-reactive protein concentration was the most serious risk factor for all-cause mortality in NAFLD, followed by type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions MASLD is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, which is not related to the demographics or metabolic characteristics of patients.Our research findings further support that MASLD is a pathological disease related to liver disease itself. Therefore, redefining NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) may help improve our understanding of predictive factors that increase the risk of death.
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and hydatidosis among the butchers of Tabriz City, the northwest of Iran
Authors: Amiri Zahra , Khademvatan Shahram , Kazemi Tohid , Yousefi Elham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Occupation plays an important role in the spread of infectious diseases in humans. Toxoplasmosis and hydatidosis are world-wide diseases with different routes of transmission. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and hydatidosis and risk factors associated with these diseases among the butchers of Tabriz City, the northwest of Iran.
Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Tabriz city in 2023, 250 serum samples were collected from butchers (n = 125) and outpatients referred to Imam Reza Hospital (n = 125) and considered as the case and control groups, respectively. The ELISA test was used to identify IgG and IgM antibodies against toxoplasmosis and IgG antibodies against hydatidosis. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics tests using SPSS v. 16 software.
Results: The results indicated that 66/125 (52.8%) cases and 40/125 controls (32%) were positive for toxoplasmosis IgG antibody. Also, 5/125 (4%) and 1/125 (0.8%) were positive for toxoplasmosis IgM antibody in the case and control groups, respectively. In addition, 10/125 people (8%) were positive for anti-hydatidosis IgG antibody in the case group, while no positive cases were found in the control group. The main risk factors for toxoplasmosis were age, education level, and work experience, these factors for hydatidosis included age and education level.
Conclusions: Our results suggest the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and hydatidosis IgG antibodies in butchers of Tabriz, which required special attention and basic measures.
Demonstration of regularity of bifurcation in chaotic laser diode
Authors: Kim Chol-Hyon , Kim Myong-Il , Ho Kwang-Myong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The behavior of bifurcation and chaos in a laser diode subject with delayed optical feedback is very chaotic and unpredictable. We have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated an extremely significant and useful rule of the growth of bifurcation and chaos displayed in the bifurcation diagram with the injection current. Such a significant rule is attributed to the resonance between the relaxation oscillation frequency and the external cavity frequency. This regularity can provide a principle for the suppression and control of bifurcation and chaos in semiconductor lasers with delayed optical feedback.
Dry biases in land water storage and excessive soil moisture limitation in CMIP6 models
Authors: Giardina Francesco , Padrón Ryan S. , Stocker Benjamin D. , Schumacher Dominik L. , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Accurate representation of plant water availability is crucial for climate modeling, due to its significant role in land-atmosphere interactions. Our study focuses on water storage dynamics and analyzes how soil moisture limitation is represented in Earth System Model (ESM) simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). We first quantify the long-term maximum annual depletion in water storage, contrasting model results with estimates based on satellite observations of terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), as well as remotely sensed estimates of the water balance. Our analysis shows that CMIP6 models mostly underestimate the maximum annual soil moisture depletion, especially in the Amazon region. We further assess the frequency of soil moisture limitation in CMIP6 simulations against observations from solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and GRACE, finding that ESMs generally overestimate this frequency. We obtain consistent results when comparing models to ground observations at 128 sites from the FLUXNET2015 dataset. Our study highlights the importance of improving the representation of plant water availability and land-atmosphere interactions in Earth System Models. Implementation of new model features could have large implications in predicting future climate on land.
Multi-scale hierarchical brain regions detect individual and inter-species variations of structural connectivity in macaque monkeys and humans
Authors: Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Ouchi Kazuya , Yoshimaru Daisuke , Takemura Aya , Yamamoto Shinya , Hayashi Ryusuke , Higo Noriyuki , Obara Makoto , Sugase-Miyamoto Yasuko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Macaques are representative animal models in translational research. However, the distinct shape and location of the brain regions between macaques and humans prevents us from comparing the brain structure directly. Here, we calculated structural connectivity (SC) with multi-scale hierarchical regions of interest (ROIs) to parcel out human and macaque brain into 4 (level 1 ROIs) or 13 (level 2 ROIs) regions, which consist of anatomically and functionally defined level 3 ROIs (around 100 parcellation of the brain) and similar function. The SC with the level 1 ROIs showed lower individual and inter-species variation in macaques and humans. SC with level 2 ROIs shows that the temporal lobe has high individual and inter-species variation in macaques and humans, while the prefrontal and sensory cortices show low individual and inter-species variation. These results provide insights into the suitability of macaques as animal models for humans.
Undiagnosed Cirrhosis and Potential Hepatic Encephalopathy in a National Cohort Of Patients with Dementia
Authors: Silvey Scott , Sterling Richard , French Evan , Godschalk Michael , Gentili Angela , Patel Nilang , Bajaj Jasmohan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Dementia and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) have symptom overlap and are challenging to differentiate. The presence of undiagnosed cirrhosis in dementia patients may lead to missed opportunities to treat HE, which was found in a Veterans database, which needs validation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2009 and 2019 using national non-Veteran patient data from the TriNetX database. Participants included 68,807 patients with a diagnosis of dementia at ≥2 visits, no prior diagnosis of cirrhosis, and with sufficient laboratory test results to calculate the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. Rates of high FIB-4 scores (>2.67 and >3.25) were measured within the cohort, and associations between high FIB-4 and comorbidities/demographics were examined. Within the cohort (44.7% male, 78.0% white, mean age 72.73 years (± 11.09)). 7.6% (n = 5815) had a FIB-4 index >3.25 and 12.8% (n = 8683) had FIB-4 >2.67. In multivariable logistic regression models, FIB-4 > 3.25 was associated with male gender (OR: 1.42 [1.33 – 1.51]), congestive heart failure (OR:1.73 [1.59 – 1.87]), viral hepatitis (OR: 2.23 [1.84 – 2.68]), alcohol use disorder (OR: 1.39 [1.22 – 1.58]), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.38 [1.28 – 1.48]), and inversely associated with white race (OR: 0.76 [0.71 – 0.82]) and diabetes (OR: 0.82 [0.77 – 0.88]). Similar findings were associated with the FIB-4 > 2.67 threshold. The findings of this national cohort suggest that the FIB-4 index should be utilized to screen for potential undiagnosed cirrhosis in patients with dementia and that HE that might be misdiagnosed as dementia or cause worsening of cognitive function in patients with dementia.
In vivo medical imaging for assessing geroprotective interventions in humans
Authors: Svensson Jonas E. , Schain Martin , Sigray Pontus Plavén 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

There is a growing interest in developing drugs with a general geroprotective effect, aimed at slowing down aging processes in humans. Several candidate compounds have already demonstrated increased lifespan and reduced incidence of age-related disease in short-lived model organisms. The extended lifespan of humans makes it challenging to translate these findings, especially if mortality or onset of age-related morbidity are to be used as trial endpoints. To address this, we propose using a battery of medical imaging protocols that allows for in vivo assessments of multiple age-related pathological processes known to precede onset of age-related disease. These protocols, based on magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission-, computer-, and optical coherence-tomography, are already in use in drug development and are available at most modern hospitals. Here, we outline how an informed use of these techniques allows for detecting changes in the accumulation of age-related pathologies in a diverse set of physiological systems, such as cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic function, periodontal inflammation, retinal or neuro-degeneration, and bone or muscle density. With this in vivo imaging battery, it is possible to screen for efficacy of candidate geroprotective compounds in early phase clinical trials, within reasonable trial durations.
Performance assessment of rainfall forecasting models for urban Guwahati City using machine learning techniques and singular spectrum analysis
Authors: Priya Ashok Shejule , Pekkat Sreeja 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Rainfall forecasting is pivotal for issuing flood warnings and flood management. Machine learning (ML) models are popular as they can effectively manage extensive data and non-stationarity of the data series with improved performance and cost-effective solutions. However, more studies are required to understand the dynamic characteristics of rainfall. This study proposes a hybrid model and demonstrates its efficiency in improving the daily rainfall forecast. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) was used as a data pre-processing technique (successfully removing and identifying the nature of noise) and coupled with ML models (artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM)) improving daily scale forecast. Since the current response of the hydrological system depends on previous responses, rainfall at the next time step was derived with the previous 2-, 3-, 5- and 7-day rainfall. Study shows that the first eigen vector derived through SSA is the trend component which has a maximum contribution of 18.75%, suggesting it can explain 18.75% of the given rainfall series. The 16.42% (eigen vector 2-9) contributes to periodicity, with period of 1 year, 6 months, and 4 months within the data. Conclusively, the hybrid SSA-ML model outperformed the single model for daily rainfall forecasts.
Implementing a digital twin for optimized real-time control of Gothenburg's regional sewage system
Authors: Lumley Douglas , Jursic Wanninger Dennis , Magnusson Åsa , I'Ons David , Gustafsson Lars-Göran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The emerging challenges facing the City of Gothenburg and surrounding municipalities include the impacts of a variable climate, rapid growth and urbanization, aging infrastructure and changing community values and customer expectations. A digital twin (DT), based on the Future City Flow (FCF) platform, was created for the catchment to address many of these challenges in terms of improved real-time sewerage performance and predictability in the face of storms, improved DT visualization of the regional sewage transport system for operators and greater responsiveness to avoid service interruption. The FCF-based DT provides a sound base for modelling, simulating, forecasting and controlling the catchment. The versatility of the FCF DT makes it useful for gaining insight into catchment dynamics and the simulator can be used to study the effects of different scenarios or changes in the catchment. The predictive control imbedded in the FCF DT recommends setpoints for controlling the catchment that can be used by the operators for decision support or even be directly applied in the control system as model-based predictive control. A DT requires good quality online data from the catchment and, perhaps most importantly, high-quality rain forecasts, especially when prognosing long time horizons.
MEDIAÇÕES NA REDE DE BIBLIOTECAS DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO FEDERAL
Authors: Villela Aldabalde Taiguara , Araujo Periani Hellen Bianca 
Published: March 2024

Objetiva-se discutir o tema das mediações da informação e cultural sem perder de vista os desafios e as práticas da Rede de Bibliotecas do Ministério Público Federal (RBMPF). Adotaram-se os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: pesquisa documental, entrevista e pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam que as práxis de atuação sobre “o como” a informação é recepcionada, compreendida e mediada vai de encontro aos anseios da sociedade. Já os desafios encontrados na Rede apontam a dificuldade de compreender as práticas dentro da mediação como um processo ativo e consciente de intervenção e transformação cultural, organizacional e social. A falta de uma sistematização do funcionamento da Rede levou a uma reestruturação que resultou na desmobilização desta, que a simplificou em práticas de mediação digital, desconsiderando seu acervo, seu pessoal, os espaços e os recursos das comunidades locais. Conclui-se que a análise da mediação como categoria verifica-se na realidade apenas como práticas esporádicas limitadas aos recursos tecnológicos, sem que conste as medições como categoria no planejamento. Assim, embora essas unidades de informação compartilham desafios nas questões de acesso aos recursos digitais e há demandas por democratização, não adotam-se práxis de mediação cultural e da informação.
Revisiting the Mitochondrial Function and Communication in
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Wankhede Nitu L. , Kale Mayur B. , Umare Mohit D. , Lokhande Sanket , Upaganlawar Aman B. , Wal Pranay , Taksande Brijesh G. , Umekar Milind J. , Khandige Prasanna Shama , Singh Bhupendra , Sadananda Vandana , Ramniwas Seema , Behl Tapan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the progressive loss of anatomically or physiologically
relevant neural systems. Atypical mitochondrial morphology and metabolic malfunction are found in
many neurodegenerative disorders. Alteration in mitochondrial function can occur as a result of aberrant mitochondrial
DNA, altered nuclear enzymes that interact with mitochondria actively or passively, or due to unexplained
reasons. Mitochondria are intimately linked to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ER-mitochondrial
communication governs several of the physiological functions and procedures that are disrupted in neurodegenerative
disorders. Numerous researchers have associated these disorders with ER-mitochondrial interaction disturbance.
In addition, aberrant mitochondrial DNA mutation and increased ROS production resulting in ionic
imbalance and leading to functional and structural alterations in the brain as well as cellular damage may have
an essential role in disease progression via mitochondrial malfunction. In this review, we explored the evidence
highlighting the role of mitochondrial alterations in neurodegenerative pathways in most serious ailments,
including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD).