bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bis(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl)dihydridomolybdenum(IV). Synthesis and Reactions with Nucleophiles in the Presence of Protonic Acids
Authors: Ito Takashi , Yoden Tohru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
[Mo(η5-MeCp)2H2] (3) (MeCp = C5H4Me) which was prepared by the reaction of MoCl5 with Na(MeCp) in the presence of NaBH4 was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) to give [Mo(η5-MeCp)2H(OTs)]. Reactions of 3 with allyl alcohol in the presence of TsOH yielded [Mo(η5-MeCp)2(η3-C3H5)]+TsO− whereas the similar reaction with 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol yielded . When the reactions of 3 with protonic acid HA (HA = TsOH and AcOH) were carried out in the presence of acetone or 4-t-butylcyclohexanone, [Mo(η5-MeCp)2A2] were formed accompanied by the reduction of ketones to the corresponding alcohols. The results are compared with the similar reactions with cyclopentadienyl analog of 3.
Interactions of Some Cationic Cobalt(III) Complexes with Anions Studied by the 59Co NMR Chemical Shifts
Authors: Iida Masayasu , Miyagawa Yasuko , Kohri Sachiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The NMR peak of 59Co(III) cationic complexes shifts upfield upon interacting with anions when the interaction is mainly electrostatic; it shifts downfield when the hydrophobic interaction acts additively with the electrostatic interaction. These trends are enhanced in micellar solution systems.
Effect of Pressure on the Solubility of Sodium Bromide in Water
Authors: Sawamura Seiji , Yasuhara Shigeo , Sugi Shigeru , Egoshi Nobuaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The solubility (ms) of sodium bromide (NaBr·2H2O) in water was measured at 283.15—313.15 K and 0.1—300 MPa. The ms decreases with increasing pressure and the coefficient, θ ( = (∂ms/∂p)T/ms), is −10 × 10−5 MPa−1 at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa. This sign of θ is opposite to that (7 × 10−5 MPa−1) calculated using a thermodynamic equation.
Anion-Exchange Separation and Estimation of Thorium in Niobite-Tantalite Type Minerals: A New Approach
Authors: Premadas A 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A simple, rapid and quantitative anion-exchange separation of microgram to milligram quantities of thorium has been achieved from milligram quantities of niobium, tantalum, and titanium in citric acid-nitric acid medium. This method is successfully applied for the separation and estimation of thorium in niobite-tantalite type minerals. Sample (0.500 g) is fused with ca. 8 g KHSO4and is taken in ca. 7% citric acid medium. To a suitable aliquot ca. 8 M (1 M = 1 mol dm−3) nitric acid acidity is maintained in ice cold condition, and is passed through a column of Dowex-lX8 (100—200 mesh size). Thorium is eluted with ca. 6 M HCl and estimated spectrophotometrically with arsenazo III. The RSD obtained by this method is 2—3%.
Comparison of High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy with Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Characterization of Ultrafine Palladium Particles Embedded on Active Carbon
Authors: Takasu Yoshio , Kaneko Fuminori , Tsutsui Tsuyoshi , Nakagawa Mine , Yamada Mitsuo , Yahikozawa Kiyochika 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Ultrafine palladium particles supported on powdery active carbon have been characterized by high-resolution scanning electron (secondary and reflection electron images) and transmission electron microscopies. The former was advantageous for the simultaneous observation of metal catalyst particles (smaller than 1.5 nm in diam.) as well as the surface morphology of their support.
Synthesis and Properties of Two Simplified Peptides of PA1-14, the N-Terminal 1-14 Residues of Adrenodoxin Precursor
Authors: Waki Koji , Tani Ayako , Kato Tamaki , Aoyagi Haruhiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Two simplified peptides of PA1-14, which corresponds to the N-terminal 1-14 residues of adrenodoxin precursor, were synthesized and examined by circular dichroism and dye leakage measurements. Both peptides showed a tendency to form α-helices and exhibited moderate dye leakage.
Synthesis and Adiabatic Photochemistry of a 1,4-Difluorobenzene – Naphthalene Biplanemer
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Kimura Masaru , Satake Kyosuke , Morosawa Shiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A naphtalene-1,4-difluorobenzene biplanemer 1a has been prepared through the electrolytic oxidative didecarboxylation. The direct irradiation of 1a gave 1,4-difluorobenzene and excited naphthalene in both a singlet state (Φf = 0.098) and a triplet state (Φp = 0.029) at 77 K in EPA. In the triplet-sensitized reaction, the biplanemer 1a underwent intramolecular [2π+2π] cycloaddition to give a cage compound instead of the formation of the triplet naphthalene.
Reaction of N″-Cyanoguanidine with Formaldehyde (VII). Preparation of New Flocculants for Anionic Colloidal Particles
Authors: Shiba Ryuichi , Takahashi Miyuki , Ebisuno Toichi , Takimoto Michiaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
New flocculants for anionic colloidal particles were prepared from the reaction of the free bases of N,N-(diaminomethylene)urea (DU) and N,N′-methylenebis[N′-(diaminomethylene)urea] (Bis-DU) with formaldehyde. These are superior to the resinous product of N″-cyanoguanidine with formaldehyde regarding coagulation activity. The gelpermeation chromatograms of these resinous products elucidate that the components of the resin having higher molecular weights as well as the cationic charges play an important role in flocculation.
What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?
Authors: Grindrod Kelly A , Patel Payal , Martin Janet E 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To determine which interventions are effective in influencing health practitioners’ prescribing practices and explore differences in intervention complexity, setting, sustainability, cost effectiveness, and impact on patient outcomes. Methods: A systematic search for English-language systematic reviews was performed in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from the date of inception to July 2005 using search terms in accordance with Cochrane recommendations. Included reviews were required to clearly report a search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, literature assessment criteria, and methods for synthesizing or summarizing information and references. Two reviewers independently identified studies for inclusion, assessed study quality, and extracted relevant information. Interventions were classified as consistently effective, inconsistently effective, and effectiveness uncertain. Results: Thirty-four of 4585 titles reviewed met the inclusion criteria. Quality scores ranged from 70% to 100%. Consistently effective interventions included reminders (manual and computerized), audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational strategies, and patient-mediated interventions. Inconsistently effective interventions included computer decision support systems and educational meetings. Multi-faceted interventions were consistently shown to be more efficacious than single interventions. Limited data precluded exploration of the effects of interventions in different settings, sustainability of effect, cost effectiveness, and patient clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Interventions that are most effective for impacting prescribing practice include audit and feedback, reminders, educational outreach visits, and patient-mediated interventions. To maximize impact, pharmacists’ efforts to positively impact prescribing practices should focus on these intervention types rather than relying primarily on passive didactics or dissemination of guidelines.
Hypotension Following Treatment with Aerosolized Colistin in a Patient with Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hakeam Hakeam A , Almohaizeie Abdullah M 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To report a case of a man who developed temporary hypotension after aerosolized colistin administration. Case Summary: A 62-year-old Arab male was admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure and septic shock. Simultaneous therapy using intravenous and aerosolized colistin was initiated for the management of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A significant but transient drop in blood pressure occurred when aerosolized colistin was introduced. However, when it was stopped, but intravenous administration was continued, no hypotension was observed. Moreover, the combined use of aerosolized amikacin with intravenous colistin did not significantly affect blood pressure. Discussion: It is widely accepted that aerosolization allows safe administration of colistin in the absence of significant systemic adverse effects. However, in our patient, hypotension was observed with aerosolized colistin, but not with the systemic formulation. The lack of adverse effects with administration of aerosolized amikacin in this patient demonstrates the safety of the aerosolization technique. Use of the Naranjo scale indicated a probable relationship between hypotension and aerosolized colistin administration. Conclusions: This case suggests that hypotension may be induced with administration of aerosolized colistin. Although this effect is rare, clinicians should be aware that hypotension may develop in critically ill patients following aerosolized colistin treatment.
Lichenoid Eruption Associated with the Use of Nebivolol
Authors: Bodmer Michael , Egger Sabin S , Hohenstein Elisabeth , Beltraminelli Helmut , Krähenbühl Stephan 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To report a case of lichenoid drug eruption (LDE) after starting antihypertensive treatment with nebivolol, a cardioselective β-blocker. Case Summary: Five weeks after starting treatment with nebivolol, a 62-year-old woman presented with erythematous papules on both extremities and skin lesions spreading over the back. She was not being treated with any other drugs. Because the administration of levocetirizine, topical methylprednisolone, and systemic prednisone was unsuccessful, the treatment was stopped and the lesions were biopsied. The histopathological features of the lesions were consistent with LDE. After withdrawal of nebivolol and subsequent readministration of topical methylprednisolone and systemic prednisone, the skin lesions resolved within 12 days. Assessment of the causality revealed a probable relationship between nebivolol and the lichenoid eruptions. Discussion: Although β-blockers can be associated with LDE, as of July 7, 2006, this has not been previously reported with nebivolol. T cells invading the dermis are considered to be responsible for epidermal destruction associated with LDE, as has been described for lichenoid forms of chronic graft versus host disease and idiopathic lichen ruber planus. Conclusions: Nebivolol can cause LDE, as has been reported with other β-blockers. The underlying mechanism appears to be T cell–mediated. Cross-reactivity with other β-blockers cannot be excluded; therefore, the risk of recurrent LDE should be weighed carefully against the clinical benefit before switching to another β-blocker.
Validation of screening measures for assessing mood in stroke patients
Authors: Bennett H. E. , Thomas S. A. , Austen R. , Morris A. M. S. , Lincoln N. B. 
Published: August 2006

Purpose. There are few validated measures to assess mood in stroke patients and even fewer suitable for all stroke patients, including those with communication problems. The aim of this study was to compare the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital version (SADQ‐H), Signs of Depression Scale (SODS), Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) and Visual Analogue Self‐esteem Scale (VASES) in screening for mood problems after stroke.Methods. Fifty healthy older adults and 100 stroke patients in hospital completed the VAMS and VASES. A nurse completed the SADQ‐H and SODS in relation to the stroke patients. A relative/carer completed the SADQ‐H and SODS in relation to the healthy older adults. Those without communication problems also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results. The internal consistency of the scales was low in healthy older adults. In stroke patients the internal consistency of the SADQ‐H, VAMS, and VASES was high (α=.71–.84) but that of the SODS was low (α=.53). In healthy older adults, correlations between the HADS and the VAMS and VASES were high but low between the HADS and SADQ‐H and SODS. In stroke patients, the HADS depression scale correlated significantly with all the scales (0.35–0.55) but only the SADQ‐H 10, VAMS, and VASES were significantly correlated with the HADS anxiety scale (0.40–0.52). Appropriate cut‐offs were found for the SADQ‐H (17/18), SADQ‐H 10 (5/6), SODS (1/2), and VAMS ‘sad’ item (22/23) in comparison to depression on the HADS. No appropriate cut‐offs were identified in comparison to anxiety on the HADS.Conclusions. The SADQ‐H, SADQ‐H10 and SODS were all appropriate for screening for possible depression after stroke but not for screening for possible anxiety. The SADQ‐H 10 had greater internal consistency and higher sensitivity and specificity than the SODS and is shorter than the SADQ‐H. It was also significantly correlated with both the anxiety and depression scales of the HADS. The SADQ‐H 10 was therefore recommended as the most appropriate for screening purposes. The VAMS and VASES provided no clear cut‐offs for use in screening but scores were highly correlated with the HADS. They are therefore more suitable for assessing severity of low mood rather than for screening purposes. The cut‐offs identified need further validation in an independent sample of stroke patients, including a higher proportion with low mood.
C. elegans as a model system to study the function of the COG complex in animal development
Authors: Kubota Yukihiko , Nishiwaki Kiyoji 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an octameric protein complex associated with the Golgi apparatus and is required for proper sorting and glycosylation of Golgi resident enzymes and secreted proteins. Although COG complex function has been extensively studied at the cellular and subcellular levels, its role in animal development mostly remains unknown. Recently, mutations in the components of the COG complex were found to cause abnormal gonad morphogenesis inCaenorhabditis elegans. InC. elegans, the COG complex acts in the glycosylation of an ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family protein, MIG-17, which directs migration of gonadal distal tip cells to lead gonad morphogenesis. This is the first link between the COG complex and the function of an ADAM protease that is directly involved in organ morphogenesis, demonstrating the potential ofC. elegansas a model system to study COG function in animal development.
Development of a red-shifted fluorescence-based assay for SARS-coronavirus 3CL protease: identification of a novel class of anti-SARS agents from the tropical marine sponge Axinella corrugata
Authors: Hamill Pamela , Hudson Derek , Kao Richard Y. , Chow Polly , Raj Meera , Xu Hongyan , Richer Martin J. , Jean François 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes a main protease, 3CLpro, which plays an essential role in the viral life cycle and is currently the prime target for discovering new anti-coronavirus agents. In this article, we report our success in developing a novel red-shifted (RS) fluorescence-based assay for 3CLpro and its application for identifying small-molecule anti-SARS agents from marine organisms. We have synthesised and characterised the first generation of a red-shifted internally quenched fluorogenic substrate (RS-IQFS) for 3CLpro based on resonance energy transfer between the donor and acceptor pair CAL Fluor Red 610 and Black Hole Quencher-1 (K
m and k
cat values of 14 μM and 0.65 min-1). The RS-IQFS primary sequence was selected based on the results of our screening analysis of 3CLpro performed using a series of blue-shifted (BS)-IQFSs corresponding to the 3CLpro-mediated cleavage junctions of the SARS-CoV polyproteins. In contrast to BS-IQFSs, the RS-IQFS was not susceptible to fluorescence interference from coloured samples and allowed for successful screening of marine natural products and identification of a coumarin derivative, esculetin-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, a novel 3CLpro inhibitor (IC50=46 μM) and anti-SARS agent (EC50=112 μM; median toxic concentration >800 μM) from the tropical marine sponge Axinella corrugata.
Molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat PR4 gene family
Authors: Bertini Laura , Cascone Annunziata , Tucci Marina , D'Amore Rosalinda , Di Berardino Iris , Buonocore Vincenzo , Caporale Carlo , Caruso Carla 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in Triticum aestivum. Two full-length genes, named wPR4e and wPR4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wPR4f-b. Two other PR4 genes (wPR4f-a and wPR4f-c) were isolated by PCR, showing very high sequence identity with wPR4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. Transcription start analysis was performed by RLM-RACE, leading to the isolation of a fifth gene, named wPR4g, that is highly homologous to wPR4e; both encode putative vacuolar PR4 proteins (Wheatwin7 and Wheatwin5, respectively). wPR4e and wPR4f sub-family genes are induced by F. culmorum infection, by chemicals that lead to systemic acquired resistance and by wounding, showing different spatial and temporal induction pathways. In silico analysis of the 5′ untranslated regions of wPR4e and wPR4f-b revealed the presence of several abiotic and biotic stress-responsive elements. wPR4e and wPR4f-b putative promoters were fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and transient and stable expression assays demonstrated that both are able to drive expression of GUS. Characterisation of these new PR4 genes and particularly of their 5′ untranslated regions, as well as the determination of their expression patterns, will contribute to our understanding of the responsiveness of this gene family to various stress conditions and of its role in plant defence.
Optimal design of batch‐storage network with uncertainty and waste treatments
Authors: Yi Gyeongbeom , Reklaitis Gintaras V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find an analytic solution to the problem of determining the optimal capacity of a batch‐storage network to meet the demand for finished products in a system undergoing random failures of operating time and/or batch material. The superstructure of the plant considered here consists of a network of serially and/or parallel interlinked batch processes and storage units. The production processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. The final product demand flow is susceptible not only to short‐term random variations in the cycle time and batch size but also to long‐term variations in the average trend. Some of the production processes have random variations in product quantity. The spoiled materials are treated through regeneration or waste disposal processes. All other processes have random variations only in the cycle time. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the total cost, which is composed of setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of constructing processes and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis, the PSW (periodic square wave) model, provides a judicious graphical method to find the upper and lower bounds of random flows. The advantage of this model is that it provides a set of simple analytic solutions while also maintaining a realistic description of the random material flows between processes and storage units; as a consequence of these analytic solutions, the computation burden is substantially reduced. The proposed method has the potential to rapidly provide very useful data on which to base investment decisions during the early plant design stage. It should be of particular use when these decisions must be made in a highly uncertain business environment. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Standard‐Klimadatensätzen (Testreferenzjahren) mit gemessenen Langzeit‐Klimadatensätzen für den Standort Kassel
Authors: Hauser Gerd , Kempkes Christoph , Schlitzberger Stephan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFür einen innerstädtischen Standort in Kassel werden repräsentative TRY‐Datensätze mit einem meßtechnisch gewonnenen Langzeit‐Klimadatensatz insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Verwendung bei der thermischen Gebäudesimulation verglichen. Grundlage dieser Untersuchungen stellen Klimamessungen der Wetterstation des Fachgebiets Bauphysik an der Universität Kassel von 1994 bis 2003 dar. Sowohl die Auswertung der Temperaturmittelwerte als auch die der Übertemperaturgradstunden legen dar, daß das Testreferenzjahr im Sommer deutlich tiefere Außentemperaturen als der 10‐Jahres‐Durchschnitt der Messungen beinhaltet. Nicht nur das TRY‐Normaljahr, sondern auch der Datensatz des DWD für einen extrem warmen Sommer erweist sich dabei als nicht repräsentativ. Im Winterfall gibt das Normaljahr die mittleren, gemessenen Verhältnisse recht gut wieder. Die TRY‐Außentemperatur für den “kalten Winter” liegt im Januar und Februar jedoch deutlich unter den Werten der kältesten Meßperioden. Der Vergleich von Simulationsergebnissen mit den verschiedenen Klimadatensätzen zeigt, daß die Abweichungen in den Klimadatensätzen auch zu deutlichen Unterschieden in den rechnerisch ermittelten Temperaturverhältnissen im Sommer und im Heizwärmebedarf führt. Die Dekade von 1990 bis 2003 ist bekanntermaßen eine der wärmsten Dekaden seit Beginn der Wetteraufzeichnungen. Ob die dargestellten Abweichungen hierauf oder eher auf die stark unterschiedliche Topographie des Referenzstandortes gegenüber der Meßstation zurückzuführen ist, kann anhand der Untersuchung nicht geklärt werden, vermutlich liegt eine Überlagerung beider Einflüsse vor. Die Untersuchung zeigt aber quantitativ auf, welche Fehlerbandbreite sich bei der Verwendung von Referenzklimadaten ergeben kann.
Optically active trans‐2‐aminocyclopentanols: Chemoenzymatic preparation and application as chiral ligands
Authors: González‐Sabín Javier , Gotor Vicente , Rebolledo Francisca 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOptically active trans‐2‐(N,N‐dialkylamino)cyclopentanols and their acetates derivatives were obtained with very good chemical yields and enantiomeric excesses (95–≥99%), through a chemoenzymatic methodology based on the lipase‐catalyzed acylation of the hydroxyl group. The utility of these compounds was shown by the preparation of the cyclopentylic analog of vesamicol and by their use as ligands in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde.
Kinetics of biodegradation of p‐xylene and naphthalene and oxygen transfer in a novel airlift immobilized bioreactor
Authors: Jajuee Babak , Margaritis Argyrios , Karamanev Dimitre , Bergougnou Maurice A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe scope of this study included the biodegradation performance and the rate of oxygen transfer in a pilot‐scale immobilized soil bioreactor system (ISBR) of 10‐L working volume. The ISBR was inoculated with an acclimatized population of contaminant degrading microorganisms. Immobilization of microorganisms on a non‐woven polyester textile developed the active biofilm, thereby obtaining biodegradation rates of 81 mg/L · h and 40 mg/L · h for p‐xylene and naphthalene, respectively. Monod kinetic model was found to be suitable to correlate the experimental data obtained during the course of batch and continuous operations. Oxygen uptake and transfer rates were determined during the batch biodegradation process. The dynamic gassing‐out method was used to determine the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and volumetric oxygen mass transfer, KL a. The maximum volumetric OUR of 255 mg O2/L · h occurred approximately at 720–722 h after inoculation, when the dry weight of biomass concentration was 0.67 g/L. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 232–243. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.