bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New directions for Alzheimer's disease research from the Jackson Laboratory Center for Alzheimer's and Dementia Research 2022 workshop
Authors: Telpoukhovskaia Maria A. , Murdy Thomas J. , Marola Olivia J. , Charland Kevin , MacLean Michael , Luquez Tain , Lish Alexandra M. , Neuner Sarah , Dunn Amy , Onos Kristen D. , Wiley Jesse , Archer Derek , Huentelman Matthew J. , Arnold Matthias , Menon Vilas , Goate Alison , Van Eldik Linda J. , Territo Paul R. , Howell Gareth R. , Carter Gregory W. , O'Connell Kristen M. S. , Kaczorowski Catherine C. ,   the 2022 JAX CADR Workshop
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIn September 2022, The Jackson Laboratory Center for Alzheimer's and Dementia Research (JAX CADR) hosted a workshop with leading researchers in the Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) field.METHODSDuring the workshop, the participants brainstormed new directions to overcome current barriers to providing patients with effective ADRD therapeutics. The participants outlined specific areas of focus. Following the workshop, each group used standard literature search methods to provide background for each topic.RESULTSThe team of invited experts identified four key areas that can be collectively addressed to make a significant impact in the field: (1) Prioritize the diversification of disease targets, (2) enhance factors promoting resilience, (3) de‐risk clinical pipeline, and (4) centralize data management.DISCUSSIONIn this report, we review these four objectives and propose innovations to expedite ADRD therapeutic pipelines.
Distribution of insulin in primate brain following nose‐to‐brain transport
Authors: Smith Kylie , Fan Jinda , Marriner Gwendolyn A. , Gerdes John , Kessler Robert , Zinn Kurt R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionNose‐to‐brain (N2B) insulin delivery has potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. However, clinical implementation has been challenging without methods to follow N2B delivery non‐invasively. Positron emission tomography (PET) was applied to measure F‐18‐labeled insulin ([18F]FB‐insulin) from intranasal dosing to brain uptake in non‐human primates following N2B delivery.Methods[18F]FB‐insulin was prepared by reacting A1,B29‐di(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)insulin with [18F]‐N‐succinimidyl‐4‐fluorobenzoate. Three methods of N2B delivery for [18F]FB‐insulin were compared – delivery as aerosol via tubing (rhesus macaque, n = 2), as aerosol via preplaced catheter (rhesus macaque, n = 3), and as solution via preplaced catheter (cynomolgus macaque, n = 3). Following dosing, dynamic PET imaging (120 min) quantified delivery efficiency to the nasal cavity and whole brain. Area under the time‐activity curve was calculated for 46 regions of the cynomolgus macaque brain to determine regional [18F]FB‐insulin levels.ResultsLiquid instillation of [18F]FB‐insulin by catheter outperformed aerosol methods for delivery to the subject (39.89% injected dose vs 10.03% for aerosol via tubing, 0.17% for aerosol by catheter) and subsequently to brain (0.34% injected dose vs 0.00020% for aerosol via tubing, 0.05% for aerosol by catheter). [18F]FB‐insulin was rapidly transferred across the cribriform plate to limbic and frontotemporal areas responsible for emotional and memory processing. [18F]FB‐insulin half‐life was longer in olfactory nerve projection sites with high insulin receptor density compared to the whole brain.DiscussionThe catheter‐based liquid delivery approach combined with PET imaging successfully tracked the fate of N2B [18F]FB‐insulin and is thought to be broadly applicable for assessments of other therapeutic agents. This method can be rapidly applied in humans to advance clinical evaluation of N2B insulin as an AD therapeutic.Highlights for
[18F]FB‐insulin passage across the cribriform plate was detected by PET.
Intranasal [18F]FB‐insulin reached the brain within 13 min.
[18F]FB‐insulin activity was highest in emotional and memory processing regions.
Aerosol delivery was less efficient than liquid instillation by preplaced catheter.
Insulin delivery to the cribriform plate was critical for arrival in the brain.
Minimally invasive dorsal transarticular tibio‐metatarsal plate for temporary hock immobilisation in two dogs and a cat
Authors: Guthrie James 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThree patients (one cat and two dogs) underwent dorsal transarticular tibio‐metatarsal plate, applied minimally invasively with two small incisions, as a temporary immobilisation of the hock following common calcaneal tendon repair. There were no clinical complications associated with the transarticular plate. In one patient, the distal screws had loosened as an incidental finding; ensuring screws are bi‐cortical may reduce the risk of this occurrence. All patients regained full tarsocrural range‐of‐motion. Application and removal of the plate does not interfere with the repair of the common calcaneal tendon, and the calcaneus is left available for application of implants to facilitate tendon repair if required.
MSCs alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the proinflammatory function of macrophages in mouse lung organoid–macrophage model
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Zhou Jiahang , Feng Bing , Pan Qiaoling , Yang Jinfeng , Lang Guanjing , Shang Dandan , Zhou Jianya , Li Lanjuan , Yu Jiong , Cao Hongcui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disease associated with alveolar injury, subsequent macrophage activation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine production. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are beneficial for application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms of regulatory effects by MSCs on macrophages in ALI need more in-depth study. Lung tissues were collected from mice for mouse lung organoid construction. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) derived from bronchoalveolar lavage and interstitial macrophages (IMs) derived from lung tissue were co-cultured, with novel matrigel-spreading lung organoids to construct an in vitro model of lung organoids–immune cells. Mouse compact bone-derived MSCs were co-cultured with organoids–macrophages to confirm their therapeutic effect on acute lung injury. Changes in transcriptome expression profile were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Well-established lung organoids expressed various lung cell type-specific markers. Lung organoids grown on spreading matrigel had the property of functional cells growing outside the lumen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury promoted macrophage chemotaxis toward lung organoids and enhanced the expression of inflammation-associated genes in inflammation-injured lung organoids–macrophages compared with controls. Treatment with MSCs inhibited the injury progress and reduced the levels of inflammatory components. Furthermore, through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, MSC treatment inhibited inflammatory and phenotypic transformation of AMs and modulated the antigen-presenting function of IMs, thereby affecting the inflammatory phenotype of lung organoids. Lung organoids grown by spreading matrigel facilitate the reception of external stimuli and the construction of in vitro models containing immune cells, which is a potential novel model for disease research. MSCs exert protective effects against lung injury by regulating different functions of AMs and IMs in the lung, indicating a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention.
Alkaloid chemistry in pill-millipedes: Defensive secretion in two species of Typhloglomeris Verhoeff, 1898 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridellidae)
Authors: Bodner Michaela , Antić Dragan , Jovanović Zvezdana , Raspotnig Günther , Ilić Bojan , Lučić Luka , Makarov Slobodan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMillipedes of the order Glomerida are known to produce quinazolinone alkaloids as defensive substances. However, chemical data are rather scarce and all hitherto available publications refer to a single glomeridan family, the Glomeridae. To contribute to the knowledge of the chemical ecology of glomeridans, we collected species, Typhloglomeris coeca Verhoeff, 1898 and T. varunae Makarov, Lučić, Tomić & Karaman, 2003, from a second family – Glomeridellidae. The defensive exudates were extracted in methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results show that the secretions of the two glomeridellids contain the quinazolinone alkaloid homoglomerin (2-ethyl-1-methylquinazolin-4(1H)-one) as the sole defensive constituent. This report provides initial data on the chemoprofiles of members of the family Glomeridellidae and supports the phenomenon of chemical homogeneity of glomeridan defensive secretions. So far, all analyzed representatives of the order possess glomerin and/or homoglomerin as defensive equipment. The phylogenetic origin of alkaloidal compounds in the secretions of millipedes in general, and particularly the origin of quinazolinone alkaloids in Glomerida is discussed. Considering that the quinazolinone alkaloid defensive secretions may be the same (or very similar) in other Glomerida, our results have important implication for further studies of defensive secretions in these arthropods. Also, as data are available only for a limited number of glomeridan and colobognathan species, additional analyses are necessary to elucidate the evolution of alkaloid defensive secretion in Diplopoda.
Parabolic PDE-constrained optimal control under uncertainty with entropic risk measure using quasi-Monte Carlo integration
Authors: Guth Philipp A. , Kaarnioja Vesa , Kuo Frances Y. , Schillings Claudia , Sloan Ian H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the application of a tailored quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method to a class of optimal control problems subject to parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) constraints under uncertainty: the state in our setting is the solution of a parabolic PDE with a random thermal diffusion coefficient, steered by a control function. To account for the presence of uncertainty in the optimal control problem, the objective function is composed with a risk measure. We focus on two risk measures, both involving high-dimensional integrals over the stochastic variables: the expected value and the (nonlinear) entropic risk measure. The high-dimensional integrals are computed numerically using specially designed QMC methods and, under moderate assumptions on the input random field, the error rate is shown to be essentially linear, independently of the stochastic dimension of the problem—and thereby superior to ordinary Monte Carlo methods. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Decrease of cholesterol content in cereal products containing animal-based components
Authors: Kolarič Lukáš , Lauková Michaela , Minarovičová Lucia , Gašparík Anton , Šimko Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe daily intake of excessive cholesterol plays an important role in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while the main contributors are foods of animal origin. However, animal-based foods are also common components of many cereal products, which can then play a role of hidden cholesterol source. Thus, this study aims to decrease cholesterol content in three types of commonly consumed cereal products (biscuits, pasta, and muffins) by replacing original animal-based components (milk and eggs) with the same components, from which the cholesterol was removed using β-cyclodextrin treatment procedure. The cholesterol content in the original and treated samples was then analyzed using the validated HPLC–UV method. So, while the cholesterol content in the original biscuits, pasta, and muffins was observed at 329.2, 1117.1, and 487.2 mg/kg levels, the same products containing low cholesterol animal-based components exhibited a considerable decrease in cholesterol content by 93.1, 91.6, and 89.5%, respectively. The optimum β-cyclodextrin level was observed at 4.0, 10.0, and 2.0% (w/w) for butter, egg melange, and milk, respectively. Furthermore, it is notable that the β-cyclodextrin treatment procedure itself did not significantly change the organoleptic profiles of the cereal products, such as colour, culinary, and texture properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of animal-based low cholesterol components in cereal food products could be one of the effective tools in the overall strategy to decrease the total daily cholesterol intake. Thus, this study presents a novel strategy that could have substantial health benefits in relation to the incidence of CVD.
Technical Refinements for Reducing Reoperations in Single-Stage Augmentation Mastopexy: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Marino Matteo , Alessandri-Bonetti Mario , Carbonaro Riccardo , Amendola Francesco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The goals of mastopexy differ significantly from those of augmentation mammoplasty. Mastopexy is designed to lift and reshape the breasts, while augmentation mammoplasty is designed to increase the volume of the breasts. This conflict causes that one-stage augmentation mastopexies showed a revision rate from 8.7 to 23.2%. The aim of our study is to present some technical refinements for reducing the risk of implant exposure and reoperation.

Methods
We designed a retrospective matched cohort study, including 216 consecutive patients, undergone augmentation mastopexy between January 2013 and December 2022. We divided them in two groups: Group A undergone an inverted-T superomedial pedicled augmentation mastopexy and Group B undergone our inverted-T modified augmentation mastopexy. The groups were matched for clinical and surgical variables, with the surgical technique the only difference between the two.

Results
Complications were registered in ten patients (9.3%) in Group A (two wound breakdowns at T with implant exposure and eight wound dehiscences), six of which required surgical revision. In contrast, only three patients (2.8%) in Group B reported a complication, which was wound dehiscence without implant exposure in all cases. None of the dehiscence required surgical revision. The difference between complication and revision rates was statistically significant.

Conclusions
Separating the implant and the mastopexy dissection planes reduces the implant exposure and the reoperation rate in one-stage augmentation mastopexy.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://link.springer.com/journal/00266.
Unmet clinical needs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in regard to mental health: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sourouni Marina , Estermann Julia , Bitterlich Norman , Weidlinger Susanna , Bachmann Annette , Stute Petra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) management has hardly been standardized until recent years. Despite the existence of a detailed, evidence-based guideline published by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), it remains unclear to what extent healthcare providers adhere to this guideline. Our aim is to evaluate the gynaecological medical care provided in women with PCOS, particularly in terms of mental health, from the patients’ perspective.

Methods
For this cross-sectional online cohort study in women with PCOS, we designed a standardized, non-validated questionnaire covering aesthetic aspects, metabolism, menstrual cycle, reproduction, mental health, and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Results
Among 1879 participants, various mental health aspects were reported: body image (n = 1879), eating patterns/habits (n = 1878), and emotional well-being (n = 1874). Although nearly all women (99.7%) reported complaints on at least one session of mental health, consultation rates were low (body image 9.7%, eating patterns/habits 16.6%, emotional well-being 4.4%). Mean satisfaction with counselling on the different domains varied from moderate to fairly satisfying, with scores of 56.0 points (SD 31.7), 53.5 points (SD 32.0), and 63.7 points (SD 30.2), respectively. More complaints were associated with lower satisfaction. The overall satisfaction with the management provided by the healthcare practitioner (HCP) was low, averaging 36.5 points (SD 29.7). Consequently, most women wished for more counselling (58.9%).

Conclusion
Women affected by PCOS are not properly managed according to ESHRE guideline in regard to mental health issues. Overall consultation rates and corresponding satisfaction with management were poor, highlighting the need for significant improvements in healthcare provision.
Executive functions in patients with bilateral and unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Schöne Corina G. , Vibert Dominique , Mast Fred W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious research suggests that patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction (PVD) suffer from nonspatial cognitive problems, including executive impairments. However, previous studies that assessed executive functions are conflicting, limited to single executive components, and assessments are confounded by other cognitive functions. We compared performance in a comprehensive executive test battery in a large sample of 83 patients with several conditions of PVD (34 bilateral, 29 chronic unilateral, 20 acute unilateral) to healthy controls who were pairwise matched to patients regarding age, sex, and education. We assessed basic and complex executive functions with validated neuropsychological tests. Patients with bilateral PVD performed worse than controls in verbal initiation and working memory span, while other executive functions were preserved. Patients with chronic unilateral PVD had equal executive performance as controls. Patients with acute unilateral PVD performed worse than controls in the exact same tests as patients with bilateral PVD (verbal initiation, working memory span); however, this effect in patients with acute PVD diminished after correcting for multiple comparisons. Hearing loss and affective disorders did not influence our results. Vestibular related variables (disease duration, symptoms, dizziness handicap, deafferentation degree, and compensation) did not predict verbal initiation or working memory span in patients with bilateral PVD. The results suggest that bilateral PVD not only manifests in difficulties when solving spatial tasks but leads to more general neurocognitive deficits. This understanding is important for multidisciplinary workgroups (e.g., neurotologists, neurologists, audiologists) that are involved in diagnosing and treating patients with PVD. We recommend screening patients with PVD for executive impairments and if indicated providing them with cognitive training or psychoeducational support.
Erdbeobachtungstechnologien im Bergbau
Authors: Mavroudi Maria , Gubaidullina Rushaniia , Tost Michael , Teodoro Ana Cláudia 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDem Einsatz der Erdbeobachtung im Bergbau fehlt bisher ein systematischer Rahmen, der die Bedürfnisse aller Akteure unterstützen kann. Das EU-Projekt S34I versucht, neue Ansätze für die Analyse von Erdbeobachtungsdaten zu entwickeln, mit dem primären Ziel, den Akteuren im Bergbau Informationen zu liefern. Dabei sollen die durchwegs unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen in den verschiedenen Phasen des Lebenszyklus eines Bergbaus berücksichtigt werden. An sechs verschiedenen Pilotstandorten werden verschiedene Anwendungen getestet, es werden unterschiedliche Sensordaten genutzt und Verarbeitungsmethoden kombiniert. Das Ziel dieser Forschungen geht über den Nutzen einer Entwicklung nur für industrielle Aktivitäten hinaus, sie leisten auch einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit.
Ventriculostomy-associated infection (VAI) in patients with acute brain injury—a retrospective study
Authors: Nielsen Pernille , Olsen Markus Harboe , Willer-Hansen Rasmus Stanley , Hauerberg John , Johansen Helle Krogh , Andersen Aase Bengaard , Knudsen Jenny Dahl , Møller Kirsten 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Ventriculostomy-associated infection (VAI) is common after external ventricular drains (EVD) insertion but is difficult to diagnose in patients with acute brain injury. Previously, we proposed a set of criteria for ruling out VAI in traumatic brain injury. This study aimed to validate these criteria. For exploratory purposes, we sought to develop and validate a score for VAI risk assessment in patients with different types of severe acute brain injury.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adults with acute brain injury who received an EVD and in whom CSF samples were taken over a period of 57 months. As standard non-coated bolt-connected EVDs were used. The predictive performance of biomarkers was analyzed as defined previously. A multivariable regression model was performed with five variables.

Results
A total of 683 patients with acute brain injury underwent EVD placement and had 1272 CSF samples; 92 (13.5%) patients were categorized as culture-positive VAI, 130 (19%) as culture-negative VAI, and 461 (67.5%) as no VAI. A low CSF WBC/RBC ratio (< 0.037), high CSF/plasma glucose ratio (> 0.6), and low CSF protein (< 0.5g/L) showed a positive predictive value of 0.09 (95%CI, 0.05–0.13). In the multivariable logistic regression model, days to sample (OR 1.09; 95%CI, 1.03–1.16) and CSF WBC/RBC ratio (OR 34.86; 95%CI, 3.94–683.15) were found to predict VAI.

Conclusion
In patients with acute brain injury and an EVD, our proposed combined cut-off for ruling out VAI performed satisfactorily. Days to sample and CSF WBC/RBC ratio were found independent predictors for VAI in the multivariable logistic regression model.
Structure, modulation and impacts of southeastern Africa’s diurnal convection
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study explores the structure, modulation, and impacts of the mean diurnal climate across southeast Africa using high-resolution hourly reanalysis and satellite rainfall. This research was motivated by upward trends in diurnal temperature range and vegetation index over the Drakensberg escarpment. Statistical analysis identified a land-sea rainfall dipole pattern associated with diurnal airflows. Point-to-field regressions (Oct–Mar 2000–2023) found that sea breeze-driven convection is underpinned by ‘col’ airflow between adjacent sub-tropical low-pressure cells (30°S, 20°E/22°S, 37°E) and a weak mid-latitude anticyclone (40°S, 10°E). Diurnal residual and case study analysis demonstrate an ~ 6-m/s sea breeze penetrating ~ 200 km inland during the day, as part of an over-turning zonal circulation. Land > sea rainfall during summer is initiated by temperature gradients ∂T/∂x ~ 5 °C at 29°S, 31°E and convergence in the afternoon ∂U/∂x ~  − 4 × 10−5 s−1. Further inland (29°S, 26°E) a 1007-hPa thermal low and counter-clockwise rotating airflows interact with the incoming sea breeze. Together these contribute to evening rainfall ~ 30 mm over the Drakensberg escarpment. The drivers of diurnal rainfall show little response to global climate variability, and help sustain water resources during multi-year dry spells over southeastern Africa.