bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEIGHBOURHOOD CULTURES: SOME ASPECTS OF DIFFICULT HISTORICAL NEIGHBOURHOODS
Authors: Kloskowska Antonina 
Published: March 2007

According to the semiotic approach to culture adopted by the author, the nation should be distinguished not only from the state and society but from national culture as well, even though the nation is a community of shared values and symbols. The symbolic culture encoded in enduring means of communication can transgress political and national frontiers. Its elements may be evaluated in part irrespective of the relations and attitudes to the national source of their origin. The neighbourhood of nations gives rise to numerous conflicts of interest. The history of Germany and Poland serves as an example of this. However, even violent practical conflicts do not preclude the transmission of the symbolic culture beyond national frontiers. This is illustrated by the example of the attitudes of Polish intellectuals toward German culture during the last war. Results of opinion polls are also discussed. The author concludes that a symbolic culture cannot resolve practical conflicts of interests nor remove fears originating in such conflicts, but its influence can prevent the totalisation of conflicts and open a way to mutual understanding.
LONGING FOR COMMUNITY: PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS AND THE DILEMMAS OF EUROPEAN CULTURE
Authors: Krasnodebski Zdzisław 
Published: March 2007

Phenomenology enjoys striking popularity in Eastern Europe. For those concerned with phenomenology before the collapse of communism it was an antidote to Marxism in its Soviet version. Its popularity was due to the perhaps naive striving for a true philosophy not manipulated by politics, in that its idealism was interpreted as a protest against the materialistic degradation of the human being. What would Husserl say if he was told about this role of phenomenology? Perhaps he would it consider it as self-evident. His allegedly completely apolitical philosophy had political ambitions, since the struggle for phenomenology was for him not merely a philosophical discussion, but a political struggle with pragmatists, advocates of Realpolitik, nationalists and traditionalists. This paper analyses phenomenology as a radical social philosophy which aimed at the revolutionary renewal of European culture. Well-known for his inclination to work on details and for an arduous theoretical analysis, Husserl was not an advocate of small steps in politics. His political philosophy is then contrasted with that of Helmuth Plessner. From Plessner's point of view Husserl's programme can be seen as a manifestation of the striving for the abolition of society and its replacement by community. In his defence of society, Plessner developed a philosophy of the public sphere as a sphere of social roles, prestige ceremonial, tact and diplomacy, in which the absolute character of the Ego is negated in contact with others. The paper poses questions such as which of these philosophies is more adequate for our time and whether the way shown by Husserl in his programmatic writings is still open to us today.
Paradigm Shifts in Business Education: Using Active Learning to Deliver Services Marketing Content
Authors: Wright Lauren K. , Bitner Mary Jo , Zeithaml Valarie A. 
Published: March 2007

Business schools have recently been criticized for failing to prepare students for the increasingly complex, fast-paced, and global work environments they will face as employees of organizations in the 1990s and beyond. Students must be taught both new content and new skills in order to meet the changing needs of U.S. businesses. Services marketing is a prime example of the new content that must be added to business school curricula, since services now account for more than 70% of our GNP Services marketing courses can also provide an excellent opportunity for students to practice critical new workplace skills. The objectives of this article are to describe the changes necessary in marketing curricula to ensure that students have the appropriate skills and content to adequately meet the needs of their future employers; to provide an overview of services marketing course content; to describe the traditional and the active learning educational paradigms; to demonstrate how active learning techniques can be used to teach both content and skills in a services marketing course; and to provide specific examples of active learning exercises designed to address key content areas in services marketing.
Multiprocessor Control of a Telemanipulator with Optical Proximity Sensors
Authors: Wampler Charles 
Published: March 2007

The complexity of robotic systems usually necessitates the use of digital computers in their control. When a sensory- feedback control loop is closed around a robot and its com puter system, the real-time flow of data through the computer strongly influences the fidelity of the resultant motion. The purpose of this paper is to identify characteristics of the com puter controller that have the greatest impact on the perform ance of the system and to show, by means of an example, how the performance may be enhanced through the use of digital control techniques. The Stanford Robotic Aid is a computer-assisted telemanip ulator equipped with optical proximity sensors and a multi processor control system. Digital control techniques are used in the study of its application to a surface-following task. Thè dynamic behavior of the manipulator and the computer network is modeled by a set of difference equations. Propor tional sensory feedback is analyzed through use of a root- locus method, and a pole-placement method is used to design a state-feedback controller. The actual behavior of the system in a step-response test is compared to the prediction of the model.
The Effect of an Accompanying Situation on the Improvement of Students' Sight Reading Skills
Authors: Watkins Alice , Hughes Marie Adele 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that accompanying a tape-recorded soloist has on the ability of music students to sight read vocal and instrumental accompaniments at the piano. Specifically, the study examined a tape-recorded accompanying situation and its effects on the accuracy of the following sight reading skills: pitch, rhythm, and expression. The null hypotheses for the study were tested by the Student's t test (a parametric test), the Mann-Whitney U test (a non-parametric test), and an analysis of covariance (a parametric test). Since the results of all three tests agreed, the validity of the findings was enhanced. The treatment group that employed a tape-recorded soloist as an aid to teaching sight reading had significantly higher mean posttest rhythm accuracy scores than did the group that employed no taped soloist. The pitch accuracy and expression accuracy mean posttest scores of the two groups were not significantly different.
Effects of Interpersonal Dynamics in the Student-Teacher Dyads on Diagnostic and Remedial Content of Four Private Violin Lessons
Authors: Gustafson Ruth I. 
Published: March 2007

Theories of interpersonal dynamics have been an integral part of research in the fields of psychology, psychiatry and the social sciences but have not been systematically applied to music teaching. The present study makes use of Sigmund Freud's theory of the defence mechanisms of the personality, demonstrating how these mechanisms operate in shaping the diagnostic and remedial content of the student- teacher dyad in four private violin lessons. Drawn from 12 hours of videotaped lessons, the psychoanalytic interpretation of the behaviours of eight subjects supports the hypothesis that the manifest contents of the lesson interactions are dominated by the unconscious aims of either or both members of the dyad. These findings are consistent with the extensive psychiatric literature on the defences of personality in everyday life and suggest that observation and interpretation of these phenomena are of value to teachers and educators interested in the relation between task and personality in the setting of the private lesson.
The Crisis in Physics: Dialectical Materialism and Quantum Theory
Authors: Cross Andrew 
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the resurgence of interest in the interpretation of quantum theory which occurred in the late 1940s and 1950s, and seeks to uncover its political origins in a perceived clash between the post-War Stalinist interpretation of dialectical materialism and the `Copenhagen' interpretation of quantum mechanics. In examining the debate that followed this renewed interest, certain issues concerning scientific argument are touched upon. These relate particularly to the progress of scientific dispute in a context in which no appeal to experiment can be made. This unusual state of affairs raises questions as to whether such disputes can be resolved, and if so, how. In order to explore these questions, the outcomes of the debates in the USSR and in the West are discussed.
Don Juan and the Baroque
Authors: Rousset Jean 
Published: March 2007

Among the great creations of the seventeenth century, one of the liveliest and most rich in promise is Don juan. Even the changes that he undergoes from age to age are full of significance. This article will attempt to clarify one aspect of this evolution from a point of view exclusively that of the baroque.The reader is asked to accept as the basis for these reflections a definition of the baroque which I have given elsewhere, and which I will merely summarize here.
African-Negro Aesthetics
Authors: Senghor Léopold Sédar 
Published: March 2007

The twentieth century will be known as the period of the discovery of African-Negro civilization. At first it was the sculpture alone that provoked amazement, shock, and finally admiration. But soon Europe discovered stories, poetry, music, painting, and philosophy, in turn.Now that the first surprise has had its effect, we must define the spirit of the civilization; that is to say, of African-Negro culture. There is nothing more revealing in this regard than the literature and the art of this singularly “machineless civilization.” Philosophical reflection on art, by which aesthetics is defined, is all the more necessary, since the admiration of certain European intellectuals for African-Negro literature and art is not devoid of confusion; it often consists of misconceptions, if not of contradictions in terms.
On Investment
Authors: Bernard Georges 
Published: March 2007

The laying-aside of resources, or saving, is a basic phenomenon among men, as it is among bees. It is a basis of material civilization.Toynbee has demonstrated the existence of twenty-nine human civilizations. He has studied these in a monumental masterwork.We believe that on the material level this effort can be expressed in one sentence: There is a close correlation between the rate of investment by a group or community and the expansion of its civilization.This conviction is the starting point of our short analytical essay on the phenomena of investment. The essay is far from exhaustive. The reader will judge whether it is nonetheless useful.
The Lineage of Argentinian Literature
Authors: Estrada Ezequiel Martinez 
Published: March 2007

“But in the history of cross-breeding, the union effected outside marriage was of infinitely greater importance. The tales of the chroniclers and missionaries often paint a dark picture of the relations between conqueror and Indian woman—rape, kidnapping, sale and exchange of women, a system of concubinage and harems etc.” (Angel Rosenblatt, La Población indigena de América)“There is racial conflict in Latin America and racial harmony which can be seen only by those who have eyes. The governments and the people themselves see them only very late.” (Sarmiento, Conflicto y Armonías de las razas en América)The colonial period left no fertile seeds for a culture in the soil of South America. As Ricardo Rojas assures us, “We do not find a single imaginative work in prose in these three hundred years.” “All of our colonial literature is confined within the limits of the historical genre…everything in it is the unfolding of a chronicle. To fix the memory of social facts, memorials were written to military conquests and hagiographies of spiritual ones, poems on the English invasions and the emancipation of America. Even the brief erotic and religious poems are only monuments in verse, and so are Tejeda's works whose autobiographical character cannot be denied.” (La Literatura Argentina)
General Problems of Classification of African Languages
Authors: Möhlig Wilhelm J. G. 
Published: March 2007

On principle, there are no language classifications which are right or wrong, but only classifications which are more or less useful or useless. This statement at the beginning of my paper is intended to indicate the teleological perspective in which I want to view the more general problems involved in the classification of African languages. I shall discuss these within a framework which I derive from the four main components of any language classification, namely:1.the aims and objectives of language classification,2.the basic units to be classified,3.the criteria of classification,4.the models of language classification.
Man of Light or Superman? a Problem of Islamic Mystical Anthropology
Authors: Schimmel Annemarie 
Published: March 2007

What is man? “The feather of an angel was brought and tied to a donkey's tail that the donkey perhaps might turn into an angel”.Thus writes the greatest of all Persian-writing mystical poets of Islam, Maulânâ Jalâladdân Rûmî (1207-1273) in his conversations, Fîhi mâ fîhi, when pointing to the mystery of man's existence : man is able to attain a rank superior to that of the angels (who have no free will and are eternally good) provided he develops his God-given faculties of reason and love; but he can sink lower than a beast if he neglects his spiritual powers and falls a prey to sensual pleasures and crimes owing to the misuse of his rational faculties.
Fin De Siècle, End of the “Globe Style”?
Authors: Por Peter 
Published: March 2007

Using this bit of dialogue from Oscar Wilde as introduction, we propose to demonstrate the pertinence of the hostess’ remark and to show that the “Fin de siècle” really did mark a certain “Fin du globe”, connoting as it does the decline of art, the end of an era and of the eras in which artistic experience, and even experience of the world, was realized in a specific style. It was indeed the end of what we will here call “globe style”.For a long time the notion of style had a very general significance. The origin of the word can no doubt be traced back to the term stilus, designating the punch that monks used for writing, and also probably an Egyptian etymon signifying a pillar. Through metonymic extensions the name of the instrument (an instrument, nevertheless, used in a highly intellectual activity) and the name of the individual work (but a work of cultural and artistic nature) have been subject to generalization and ultimately designate the specific quality of a phenomenon. Obviously it was necessary that this phenomenon be confirmed and made official through imitation and tradition. As for generalization of the phenomenon of style, its scope has become almost unlimited, taking in all forms of creative activity whether artistic or not, and ultimately almost all beings as long as they have assumed a form hallowed by tradition.
The French Revolution and the Education of the Young Marx
Authors: Rubel Maximilien 
Published: March 2007

The confession quoted above by way of introduction reveals with tragic sincerity the fatal passion of an overly avid reader, unlimited in curiosity certainly but fully conscious of the demanding finality of the work he had to accomplish: the scientific critique of an international system of social organization, “in which man is a humiliated, enslaved, abandoned and scornful being” (1844). Cultivating poetry and philosophy in a world felt to be unlivable meant becoming an accomplice of those individuals and institutions principally responsible for the barbarity called modern civilization. But to combat this, it was necessary to scour the murky historical horizon issued from a distant past where only great social revolutions marked the stages of a progression seen as ambiguous because realized by means of unspeakable phenomena of regression. Only one revolution took place under the contradictory sign of an emancipation with universal ambitions and of a decline with indelible consequences: the French Revolution. Conclusion as well as beginning, it was studied by Marx as a unique event, both in relation to its antecedents as well as its liberating promises. Although it is true that Marx “never wrote a history of the ancien régime”, a hardly significant remark, it is no less true that he studied and compiled, with the eagerness of a schoolboy enthralled by history, an enormous mass of documentation that can “help understand how (the ancien regime) gave birth to the Revolution”, despite what François Furet might think (Marx et la Révolution française, Paris, 1986, p. 79). Moreover, the author of Das Kapital drew from the revolutionary history of France the inspiration for a “poetry of the future” in which the following vision was designed:“The old bourgeois society, with its classes and its class antagonism, gave way to an association in which the free development of each individual is the condition for the free development of the whole” (1848).
The Emergence of Thought
Authors: Morin Edgar 
Published: March 2007

If we consider human thought as the, so far, ultimate, if not supreme, stage in the evolution of life on Earth, we must also try to understand the evolutionary conditions that allowed it to emerge, and that leads us to look again at living organization.Whatever the origins of life (cf. the text of Jacques Reisse, p. 53), it is clear that the oldest living organization, that of a protobacteria, is extremely complex in its functional and complementary association of extremely diverse macro-molecules, and that this complexity includes in particular: a) the organization of exchanges with an environment from which it draws both matter-energy and organization ; b) a permanent process of self-reorganization through the replacing of molecules that have deteriorated and through the production of new ones; c) the organization of the self-reproduction of the creature through division. An organization of this kind includes a quasi-informational dimension (the hereditary message inscribed in the genes and the capacity to extract information from the environment), a quasi-computational dimension (the processing of data, via indices or quasi-signs from the interior and exterior), and a communicational dimension (internal RNA-protein communication and external communication with its congeners). In short, from the beginning, a living being is the product/producer of a self-eco-organization the nature of which is at the same time computational, informational, and communicational. In other words, within every living organization, there is a cognitive dimension, but this cognitive dimension is undifferentiated within it.
Group-Analytic Family Psychotherapy: A Transcultural Perspective
Authors: Pontalti Corrado , Menarini Raffaele 
Published: March 2007

Group-analytic family psychotherapy is a methodology based on a development of Group-analytic theory. The family is defined as a mental field formed by the symbolic plot of `us' in a double relationship: with the cultural history of the family group on one side, and with external groups on the other. The symbolic plot thus has a tribal characteristic which connects the genealogical trees to the ancestral foundation of the group. In cases of psychotic and borderline patients, Group-analytic family psychotherapy has indicated two types of family: those that are embedded in the past, or families that are cut off from the past. After outlining the circumstances of Italian families, this article presents two clinical cases which exemplify the theoretical concepts previously set forth. The final thesis of the article relates the current international situation to such family psychopathology: the global village contrasted with a planet fragmented into ethnic groups.
Les mots du psychanalyste
Authors: Pontalis Jean-Bertrand 
Published: March 2007

L'actualité des problèmes soulevés par J.-B. Pontalis et l'experience acquise par l'auteur « sur le terrain » nous font considérer son texte comme particulièrement propre à provoquer une discussion intéressant toutes les sciences de l'homme. Peut-être pourrait-on formuler déjà quelques-unes des questions à débattre : 1) La description du « vocabulaire » d'une science quelconque doit-elle être identifiée avec une analyse sémiotique de cette science ou de sa terminologie? 2) Les différentes terminologies sont-elles comparables? — Leur description relève-t-elle d'une méthodologie unique ? — Quels en seraient les principes ? 3) Le langage psychanalytique possède-t-il une spécificité irréductible ? — En quoi consiste-t-elle ? 4) Convient-il de conserver cette spécificité, telle, par exemple, qu'elle se manifeste au niveau des dénominations méta phoriques?- Ou faut-il chercher à promouvoir une terminologie, sinon commune aux sciences de l'homme, du moins dépourvue de connotations? La participation aux discussions peut être envisagée soit sous forme de réponses aux questions ainsi posées, soit sous forme d'observations indépendantes. — Le dossier des débats sera publié à partir du prochain numéro. (Note de la rédaction).
A Sublaminate Analysis Method for Predicting Disbond and Delamination Loads in Composite Structures
Authors: Flanagan G. 
Published: March 2007

A novel analysis method has been developed with the goal of providing ac curate assessments of the forces that can delaminate composite laminates and bonded structures. The method uses interconnecting high-order plates to represent the cross sec tion of a structural element. The plates can be both stacked and connected end-to-end. When stacked, the interfacial tractions generated between the plates can be calculated, providing a measure of the delaminating stresses. The plate equations are solved exactly, thus giving accurate numerical results even in cases where the stress gradients are steep. The plate theory used incorporates a linear distribution through the thickness for the u, v, and w displacements. This set of assumed displacements makes the plate shear deform able, and allows stretching in the thickness direction. Consequently, both shearing and normal tractions can be computed at the interfaces between stacked plates. The plate equations have been derived for completely general stacking sequences of composite plies; i.e. unsymmetric and unbalanced laminates are allowed. Both flat and cylindrically curved plates have been implemented. Beyond stress analysis, the method also provides strain-energy-release-rate (SERR) results for the growth of existing delaminations. The individual modes of the total SERR can be calculated for input to interactive crack growth laws.
Resin Transfer Molding for Car Body Parts: An Integrated Approach Using CAE Methodology
Authors: Molina Giuseppe , Boero Giorgio , Smeriglio Paolo 
Published: March 2007

This paper describes an integrated CAE approach used for structural anal ysis and numerical process simulation to design and develop an experimental composite car floor made using the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process. CAE tools have been used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the component, to select the correct material and the reinforcement loading, and to evaluate flow conditions during RTM filling. Good agreement has been finally found from the comparison between numerical and experimental results.