bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association study of CCR5 delta 32 polymorphism among the HLA‐DRB1 Caucasian population in Northern Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Muxel Sandra Marcia , Borelli Sueli Donizete , Amarante Marla Karine , Voltarelli Julio Cesar , Aoki Mateus Nobrega , de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Coral , Ehara Watanabe Maria Angelica 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChemokines are important determinants of early inflammatory response. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) delta 32 variant results in a nonfunctional form of the chemokine receptor and has been implicated in a variety of immune‐mediated diseases. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, using specific CCR5 oligonucleotide primers surrounding the breakpoint deletion, detected a 225‐basepair (bp) product from the normal CCR5 allele and a 193‐bp product from the 32 bp deletion allele. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DRB1) typing was performed by PCR‐sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of HLA‐DRB1 and CCR5 genetic polymorphisms. To evaluate the frequency distributions of CCR5 delta 32 polymorphisms in a Brazilian population and their association with allelic distribution of HLA genes, DRB1; a total of 120 Caucasian individuals from northern Paraná, Brazil, were tested. The CCR5/CCR5 genotype was found in 108 individuals (90%) and only one carried the CCR5 delta 32 allele homozygous genotype (0.0238), while 12 (10%) carried the CCR5 delta 32 allele heterozygous genotype. The observed frequency for the CCR5 delta 32 allele was 0.05 in the population studied. The results revealed a CCR5 delta 32 allele occurrence with HLA‐DRB1*01 and DRB1*04 (P<0.05). It is possible that HLA‐DRB1*01 and DRB1*04 alleles could be associated with the delta 32‐bp deletion of CCR5. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:229–233, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for detecting circulating antibodies toCandida albicans
Authors: Prince Harry E. , Yeh Cindy , Alem Navid , Asalkhou Mandana , Hamedi Nina , Alem Neda , Alem Mehdi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPublished studies indicate thatCandida albicansantibody assays utilizing cytoplasmic antigens offer greater utility for identifying cases of systemic candidiasis when compared with assays utilizing cell wall components. We assessed the performance characteristics of a commercially available system that utilizes cytoplasmic antigens to measureC. albicansIgG, IgM, and IgA (Candida Detect ELISA reagents). Intra‐assay variation was ≤5%, inter‐assay variation was ≤10%, and good linearity was observed for all the three antibody isotypes. Results for specimens stored under various conditions were comparable to those obtained initially. Inter‐laboratory reproducibility was excellent; qualitative concordance was ≥93% for all the three isotypes, with slopes andR2values approaching 1.0 in linear regression analyses. Seroprevalence in persons without apparent systemic candidiasis was evaluated using three different serum panels; seroprevalence rates ranged from 24 to 32% for IgG, 2–14% for IgM, and 15–36% for IgA. Seroprevalence rates in a panel of sera containing antibodies to other fungi were similar to rates observed in panels from individuals without systemic candidiasis. These findings demonstrate the acceptable performance of assay systems employing Candida Detect ELISA reagents. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:234–238, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of ciguatoxin in fish tissue using sandwich ELISA and neuroblastoma cell bioassay
Authors: Campora Cara Empey , Dierking Jan , Tamaru Clyde S. , Hokama Yoshitsugi , Vincent Douglas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe applicability of a new enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) for detecting ciguatoxin (CTX) in fish tissue was evaluated by testing three fish species commonly implicated in ciguatera fish poisoning in Hawaii. A total of 164 individual almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) and greater amberjack (S. dumerili) and a total of 175 individuals of the blue‐spotted grouper (Cephalopholis argus) were caught at various locations in the Hawaiian Islands. Muscle tissue from each individual was assessed for the presence of CTX using two methods: a semi‐quantitative ELISA that was recently developed for detecting picogram levels of CTX in fish extract and a neuroblastoma (NB) cell assay commonly used to screen for marine toxins in fish. Results of the tests were highly correlated, with the ELISA indicating the presence of CTX in 9.4% of all fish samples, and the NB assay indicating toxicity in 6.8% of the fish samples. We conclude that the ELISA produces reliable and accurate results that are consistent with those provided by the accepted NB assay and that the ELISA has potential for future applications in screening fish populations for CTX. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:246–253, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of ciguatoxin in fish tissue using chicken immunoglobulin Y
Authors: Empey Campora Cara , Hokama Yoshitsugi , Yabusaki Kenichi , Isobe Minoru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect ciguatoxin (CTX) in fish tissue. The assay utilizes two antibodies, chicken immunoglobulin Y specific to the ABCD domain of CTX and a mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G–hor‐seradish peroxidase conjugate specific to the JKLM domain of CTX. The sensitivity, working range, cross reactivity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility were examined. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:239–245, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RNA from Borna disease virus in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective patients, and in their biological relatives
Authors: Nunes Sandra Odebrechet Vargas , Itano Eiko Nakagawa , Amarante Marla Karine , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Miranda Helen Cristina , de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Coral , Matsuo Tiemi , Vargas Heber Odebrechet , Watanabe Maria Angelica Ehara 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNumerous interactions of the immune system with the central nervous system have been described recently. Mood and psychotic disorders, such as severe depression and schizophrenia, are both heterogeneous disorders regarding clinical symptomatology, the acuity of symptoms, the clinical course, the treatment response, and probably also the etiology. Detection of p24 RNA from Borna disease virus (BDV) by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and in their biological relatives was evaluated. The subjects were 27 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients, 27 healthy controls, 20 relatives without psychiatric disease, and 24 relatives with mood disorder, who attended the Psychiatric Ambulatory of Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil. The subjects were interviewed by structured diagnostic criteria categorized according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV, axis I, (SCID‐IV). The mean duration of illness in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients was 15.341±1.494 years and the median age at onset was 22.4±7.371 years. There were no significant differences in gender (P=0.297), age (P=0.99), albumin (P=0.26), and body mass index (kg/m2) (p=0.28), among patients, controls, and relatives. Patients and biological relatives had significantly higher positive p24 RNA BDV detection than controls (P=0.04); however, the clinical significance of BDV remains to be clarified. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:314–320, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase profiles in type 1 diabetes secondary complications: causes of changes and significance of determination
Authors: Jovanović V.B. , Dimitrijević‐Srecković V.S. , Mandić Ljuba M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe connection between changes in the activity of serum N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG, E.C.3.2.1.30) and iso‐enzymes and degree of secondary complications was analyzed in four groups of type 1 diabetic patients (n=69): without complications (n=22); with retinopathy (n=16); with retinopathy and polyneuropathy (n=13), and with retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy (n=18). In all groups statistically significant higher (P<0.001) percent fraction of A form (83.84±6.09, 84.37±5.74, 81.76±6.02, 76.37±7.38%, resp.) and lower (P<0.001, P<0.01) fraction of B form (15.87±5.65, 15.66±5.74, 18.33±5.98, 23.63±7.38, resp.) in total NAG compared with the control (A=69.38±4.79%, B=30.61±4.78%) were found. The differences in A as well as B forms between diabetic groups were not statistically significant. Significant strong positive correlations between total NAG and glycemia (0.494–0.623), total NAG and A form (0.934–0.966), and A form and glycemia (0.512–0.638) were found in all groups. No correlation was found between the fractions of B and A forms, except in the fourth group. The A form of diabetic patients in the fourth group was more acidic compared with the control and other diabetic groups. It was concluded that the changes in serum NAG and iso‐enzymic profiles in diabetes are the consequence of its increased exocytose, especially of the A form, in hyperglycemia and posttranslational modifications of iso‐enzymes. The total activity of serum NAG and iso‐enzymic profiles cannot be used for monitoring the development and distinction of type 1 diabetes secondary complications. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:307–313, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined local and systemic methotrexate treatment of viable ectopic pregnancy: Outcomes of 31 cases
Authors: Smorgick Noam , Vaknin Zvi , Pansky Moti , Halperin Reuvit , Herman Arie , Maymon Ron 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose.Medical treatment of viable unruptured ectopic pregnancies by systemic methotrexate (MTX) is controversial due to elevated failure rates. This study describes a combined local and systemic MTX administration and compares the outcomes between viable ectopics in different locations.Methods.This retrospective study evaluated 31 patients treated with combined local (sonographically guided) and systemic MTX for viable, unruptured ectopic pregnancies. Success was defined by pregnancy resolution without surgical intervention. Details on subsequent pregnancies were obtained via telephone questionnaires.Results.The ectopic pregnancies were located in the fallopian tube (n = 23), cesarean section scar (n = 5), and intramural portion of the tube (interstitial pregnancy) (n = 3). β‐Human chorionic gonadotropin levels and gestational weeks were similar. The combined treatment was successful in 73.9%, 100%, and 66.7% of cases, respectively (p > 0.05). Details regarding reproductive outcomes were available for 28 women (90.3%). Eighteen of the 24 women attempting to conceive became pregnant, and 15 of these had at least one live birth. There were three subsequent tubal pregnancies, all in patients with previous tubal pregnancies.Conclusion.Combined MTX administration is effective and safe for treating viable cesarean scar pregnancies but is less successful for viable tubal or interstitial pregnancies. Reproductive outcomes following the combined MTX treatment are comparable to other treatment modalities for ectopic pregnancy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Optimizing environmental scanning electron microscopy of spheroidal reaggregated neuronal cultures
Authors: Uroukov Ivan S. , Patton David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractElectrophysiological recordings from hen embryo brain spheroidal reaggregates on penetrating 3D multielectrode arrays could be understood more easily if the surface structure was known in more detail. Electrophysiological activity, as grouped spikes in trains, is acquired from spheroids, indicating the inner formation a neuronal network. To this end, spheroids can be observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Live spheroids collapse when the supporting water is evaporated. By careful adjustment of the chamber pressure it is possible to observe fully hydrated fixed spheroids. A thin film of water tends to prevent a clear view of the surface detail. This can be evaporated to reveal the surface while taking steps to avoid both inadvertent shrinkage and rewetting. Conventional SEM shows a very different surface that is rich in protruding cell bodies and fibers. The images are compared and interpreted with some images of the surface using transmission electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assembling and imaging of his‐tag green fluorescent protein on mica surfaces studied by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Zu Yuangang , Fu Yujie , Zhang Zhonghua , Meng Ronghua 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe adsorption of his‐tag green fluorescent protein (GFPH6) onto the mica surfaces has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. By controlling the adsorption conditions, separated single GFPH6 and GFPH6 monolayer can be adsorbed and formed on mica surfaces. In present experiments, based on the AFM measurement, we found that the adsorbed GFPH6 was bound on the mica surface with its β‐sheets. The formed GFPH6 monolayer on mica surfaces was flat, uniform, and stable. Some applications of the formed monolayer have been demonstrated. The formed monolayer can be used as a substrate for DNA imaging and AFM mechanical lithography. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing hypoxia‐targeting potential of 99mTc(CO)3‐labeled 2‐nitro and 4‐nitroimidazole
Authors: Mallia Madhava B , Subramanian Suresh , Mathur Anupam , Sarma H.D. , Venkatesh Meera , Banerjee Sharmila 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNon‐invasive determination of hypoxia is an important problem in clinical nuclear medicine. Although 18F‐fluoromisonidazole is used clinically for hypoxia determination, the short half‐life (t1/2=109.77 min), high cost and less availability of cyclotrone‐produced 18F make 99mTc (t1/2=6 h)‐based agents more desirable. With this aim, 99mTc(CO)3‐labeled iminodiacetic acid derivatives of 2‐ and 4‐nitroimidazole are investigated for their ability to target hypoxic tumors. A bifunctional chelating agent, N, N‐bis[(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)methyl]‐2‐bromoethylamine, was synthesized in the first step, which was then conjugated to the nitroimidazoles in the second step. The tert‐butyl ester derivatives formed were hydrolyzed to obtain the iminodiacetic acid derivatives of corresponding nitroimidazoles. The radiolabeling of the iminodiacetic acid derivatives with [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ core was carried out following a reported protocol. Biodistribution of the prepared complexes was carried out in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumor. The 2‐nitroimidazole complex showed a steady retention in activity (∼1.5% injected dose per gram [%ID/g]) in tumor throughout the period of study (3 h) indicating that it may be localized in the hypoxic cells. The 4‐nitroimidazole counterpart, however, showed an initial uptake of ∼4.6%ID/g at 30 min post injection, which was then observed to wash out rapidly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural investigation of coelomocytes in representatives of Naidinae and Rhyacodrilinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae)
Authors: Envall Ida , Erséus, Christer , Gustavsson Lena M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVarious types of free‐floating cells are found in the coelomic fluid of representatives of several annelid groups. The ultrastructure of these “coelomocytes,” however, has been studied to a limited degree. In this study, we used a transmission electron microscope to investigate the coelomocytes in specimens of five species of Naidinae and three species of Rhyacodrilinae (all oligochaetous clitellates within the family Tubificidae). These were compared with each other and with previously described coelomocytes of representatives of other oligochaete taxa. Only one distinguishable coelomocyte type was found in the studied specimens: a round to oblong cell without pseudopodia or other appendages, primarily containing membrane‐bound granules of varying electron density, a prominent network of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes. This type differs to a great extent from most of the previously described coelomocytes, but shows similarities to certain types found in members of Enchytraeidae and Megascolecidae. Although we noticed some variation, we did not find any ultrastructural characters in these cells obviously useful for phylogenetic studies within Tubificidae. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The external gills of anuran amphibians: Comparative morphology and ultrastructure
Authors: Nokhbatolfoghahai M. , Downie J.R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe external gills of anuran amphibians are transient structures, covered by the development of the operculum and regressing soon afterwards. Their functional role has been regarded as equivocal. However, detailed morphological analysis has been limited. Analysis of 21 species from six families using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed diversity at the anatomical and cellular levels in extent and length of gill filaments, numbers of surface ciliated cells, width of water‐blood barrier distance, and evidence of gill motility. The most highly developed external gills were found in species with delayed hatching, such as Phyllomedusa trinitatis, or in species in which hatchlings hang from the surface film of temporary ponds, such as Phrynohyas venulosa in which gills added 26–38% to body surface area. In one family, the bufonids, all four species examined had poorly developed gills, but in other families where we examined several species, the hylids and leptodactylids, there was considerable diversity of external gills, suggesting flexible adaptation to incubation and hatching environment. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobile larynx in Mongolian gazelle: Retraction of the larynx during rutting barks in male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777)
Authors: Frey Roland , Gebler Alban , Olson Kirk A. , Odonkhuu Daria , Fritsch Guido , Batsaikhan, Nyamsuren , Stuermer Ingo W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study provides the first evidence of pronounced temporary laryngeal descent in a bovid species. An elaborate acoustic display is prominent in male courtship behavior of polygynous Mongolian gazelle. During rut, rounding up of females is accompanied by continuous head‐up barking by dominant males. Throughout the rut their evolutionarily enlarged larynx descends to a low mid‐neck resting position. In the course of each bark the larynx is additionally retracted toward the sternum by 30% of the resting vocal tract length. A geometric model of active larynx movements was constructed by combining results of video documentation, dissection, skeletonization, and behavioral observation. The considerable distance between resting position and maximal laryngeal descent suggests a backward tilting of the hyoid apparatus and an extension of the thyrohyoid connection during the retraction phase. Return to the resting position is effected by strap muscles and by the elastic recoil of the pharynx and the thyrohyoid connection. An intrapharyngeal inflation of the peculiar palatinal pharyngeal pouch of adult males is inferred from a short‐time expansion of the ventral neck region rostral to the laryngeal prominence. The neck of adult dominant males is accentuated by long gray guard hairs during the rut. The passive swinging of the heavy larynx of adult males during locomotion gives the impression of a handicap imposed on rutting males. Apparently, this disadvantage becomes outweighed by the profits for reproductive success. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of cytotoxic and interstitial components of cerebral edema in acute hepatic failure by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Rai Vijan , Nath Kavindra , Saraswat Vivek A. , Purwar Ankur , Rathore Ram K.S. , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics for measuring cytotoxic and interstitial components of cerebral edema (CE) in acute hepatic failure (AHF) patients. CE is a major complication in patients with AHF.Materials and MethodsDTI was performed in 20 patients with AHF and 15 controls. Ten patients underwent repeat imaging after recovery from encephalopathy. Various regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the white and deep gray matter of the brain for the quantitation of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), spherical isotropy (CS), linear anisotropy (CL), and planar anisotropy (CP) values.ResultsSignificantly decreased MD values were observed in most brain ROIs in patients compared to controls. Significantly decreased FA, CL with increased CS values was also observed. In survivors with normal clinical profile after 3 weeks, a significant increase in MD and FA values were associated with decreased CS values in some regions compared to baseline study; however, it was still significantly changed compared to controls.ConclusionDecreased MD and increased CS associated with decreased FA represent cytotoxic and interstitial components of CE, respectively. Incomplete normalization of these metrics in survivors after 3 weeks clinical recovery may be due to incomplete metabolic recovery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrimin is an estrogen‐regulated determinant of peripheral sympathetic innervation
Authors: Krizsan‐Agbas Dora , Pedchenko Tetyana , Smith Peter G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMechanisms underlying axon degeneration in peripheral neuropathies and during normal remodeling are poorly understood. Because estrogen induces widespread sympathetic axon degeneration in female reproductive tract smooth muscle, we surveyed estrogen‐regulated genes in rat myometrium. Microarray analysis revealed that the neural cell adhesion protein neurotrimin (Ntm) was markedly up‐regulated 6 hr and down‐regulated 24 hr after injection of 17β‐estradiol, and real time RT‐PCR confirmed this pattern of expression. Protein analysis by Western blotting showed that uterine Ntm protein is also up‐regulated in vivo 6–24 hr following estrogen injection and that Ntm protein is increased selectively in the myometrium during the high‐estrogen phase of the estrous cycle. Cultured myometrial smooth muscle cells display perinuclear accumulations of Ntm protein, and 17β‐estradiol also increases intracellular levels of Ntm and its secretion into the culture medium. To determine if neurotrimin is required for estrogen‐induced sympathetic pruning, sympathetic neurons were cocultured with uterine smooth muscle cells transfected with siRNA directed against Ntm. Although estrogen inhibited neurite outgrowth in nontransfected cocultures, estrogen's ability to reduce sympathetic outgrowth was impaired substantially following Ntm down‐regulation. This supports a role for neurotrimin in mediating estrogen‐induced sympathetic pruning in some peripheral targets. Together with earlier studies, these findings support the idea that physiological sympathetic axon degeneration is a multifactorial process requiring dynamic regulation of multiple repellant proteins. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.