bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of Carboxylic Substituted PTM Radicals: From Weak Ferromagnetic Interactions to Robust Porous Magnets
Authors: Roques Nans , Maspoch Daniel , Datcu Angela , Wurst Klaus , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Rovira Concepcio , Veciana Jaume 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Genomics and the Biosynthesis of Artemisinin
Authors: Covello Patrick S. , Teoh Keat H. , Polichuk Devin R. , Reed Darwin W. , Nowak Goska 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on Oxidation Reactions of Some Saturated and Unsaturated Organic Molecules
Authors: Ghigo G. , Maranzana A. , Causa M. , Tonachini G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A new blind deconvolution algorithm based on the probability distribution method
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroki , Furukura Toshihiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBlind deconvolution is a method of recovering transmitted signals from only received signals. The probability distribution method is one of the blind deconvolution methods. This method has two problems: it has slower convergence and its reliability is lower. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for solving these two problems. The proposed algorithm is as follows. (1) It is based on the adaptive processing with each sample. (2) Kurtosis is adaptively estimated by recovered signals with each sample. (3) Cost function is decided by kurtosis. (4) Transmitted signals are recovered by received signals using decided cost function on the sample time. We confirm the validity of the new algorithm by computer simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 56–65, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20317
Noise rejection method for magnetic noise from wire using ICA for magnetocardiogram
Authors: Kobayashi Koichiro , Yoshizawa Masahito , Nakai Kenji , Uchikawa Yoshinori 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn magnetocardiogram (MCG) measurements, magnetic noise from the wire used to suture the sternum after heart surgery becomes a problem. Independent component analysis is an effective method of noise rejection.In this study, MCG measurements were made on a normal subject with the wire attached and without the wire. We performed signal processing by independent component analysis in order to reduce the effect of magnetic noise from the wire. Comparison of the waveforms after this signal processing with waveforms without the wire clearly showed that magnetic noise caused by the wire was reduced.This result clearly shows that independent component analysis is effective for the removal of magnetic noise from the wire. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 7–14, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20589
The importance of learning processes in wind power development
Authors: Kamp Linda M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper examines four learning processes that occur simultaneously during wind turbine development and diffusion: learning by searching, learning by doing, learning by using, and learning by interacting. It considers how these different learning processes affect technology development, which factors facilitate or impede these kinds of learning processes, and how they can be facilitated better to accelerate technological change. These questions are addressed to a historical case study of large‐scale and small‐scale onshore wind power development in The Netherlands, with some provisional conclusions drawn from recent research on the development of offshore wind. The most prominent learning process in onshore wind power development in The Netherlands was learning by searching. However, no reliable wind turbines, let alone a wind turbine industry that was able to compete at international level, were produced as a result of this learning process. Other learning processes were needed, like learning by doing and learning by interacting with the other actors involved. In the recently set up offshore wind‐power innovation system, we see some learning from past mistakes. Wind turbine users are participating more actively and prominently than in the onshore innovation system, allowing more learning by using and learning by interacting. Furthermore, the focus is less on rapid up‐scaling and high‐tech innovation, but more on learning with existing technology in a different, offshore, environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A Simple and Intuitive Description of C–H Bond Energies
Authors: Stanger Amnon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThirty‐five different C–H bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes, including secondary, tertiary, allyl and vinyl, of hydrocarbons, bridgeheads in bicyclic hydrocarbons, difluoro, tetrafluoro, disilyl and tetrasilyl derivatives were studied computationally. It is shown that all these BDEs can be rationalized to a large extent using the hybridization of the lobe that forms the broken C–H bond and the stabilization of the radical. This rationalization is used in a semi‐quantitative manner to predict BDEs based on low‐level computations of the hybridization. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Complexation of tauro‐ and glyco‐conjugated bile salts with three neutral β‐CDs studied by ACE
Authors: Holm René , Nicolajsen Henrik V. , Hartvig Rune A. , Westh Peter , Østergaard Jesper 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComplexation of the bile salts (BS) taurocholate, tauro‐β‐muricholate, taurodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, glycocholate, glycodeoxycholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate common in rat, dog, and man with natural β‐CD and the chemically modified β‐CDs 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD and 2‐O‐methyl‐β‐CD was studied using mobility shift ACE. The CDs were selected due to their frequent use in preformulation and drug formulation as oral excipients for the solubilization of drug substances with low aqueous solubility. ACE was demonstrated to be a feasible and efficient technique for investigation of the interactions between BS and β‐CDs. All the investigated BS possessed affinity for the three CDs with stability constants ranging from 2×103to 4×105 M−1. The requirements and assumptions related to the use of ACE for estimating high affinity stability constants were discussed. The extent and pattern of hydroxylation significantly influenced the affinity of the glyco‐ and tauro‐conjugated BS toward the β‐CDs (chenodeoxycholates >> deoxycholates > cholates) whereas the nature of the β‐CD derivatization and BS conjugation played a minor role only. The results indicate that displacement of drug substances from β‐CD inclusion complexes is likely to occur in the small intestine where BS are present potentially influencing drug bioavailability.
Induction of the genes for Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 is dependent on IFN‐γ but shows differential cellular expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and by astrocytes and microglia in vitro
Authors: Carter Sally L. , Müller Marcus , Manders Peter M. , Campbell Iain L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 bind to the common receptor CXCR3 and are implicated in the pathogenesis of T‐cell‐mediated immunity in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we examined the temporal and spatial regulation of the Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 genes in the CNS of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and by glial cells in vitro. During peak disease the levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein were increased significantly in the cerebellum and spinal cord but were reduced during the recovery phase. Expression of these genes in the CNS was abolished in IFN‐γ‐receptor deficient mice with MOG‐EAE. In wild‐type mice, CXCL9 RNA was localized mainly to infiltrating mononuclear cells including lesion and perilesional microglia, while CXCL10 RNA was seen primarily in more distal astrocytes that surrounded the inflammatory lesions. Examination of cultured glia following treatment with IFN‐γ revealed that while both CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA transcripts were induced in microglia, only CXCL10 mRNA was induced in astrocytes. Thus, although IFN‐γ is the pivotal mediator of both Cxcl10 and Cxcl9 gene expression in EAE, this cytokine differentially regulates the expression of these genes by astrocytes and microglia. The differential glial localization of these chemokines in EAE suggests CXCL9 and CXCL10 have specialized functions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A First Approach to the cis‐trans‐cis‐Photocyclodimers of 1,2‐Naphthoquinone
Authors: Schmidt Kerstin , Kopf Juergen , Margaretha Paul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOn irradiation (λ=350 nm), 1,2‐naphthoquinone (=naphthalene‐1,2‐dione) monoacetals 1 are converted quantitatively to mixtures of the cis‐trans‐cis‐photocyclodimers 2 and 3. Careful hydrolysis of each of the (parent) pentacyclic diacetals 2a and 3a affords the – rather unstable – compounds 4 and 5, respectively.
Scyphiphorins A and B, Two New Iridoid Glycosides from the Stem Bark of a Chinese Mangrove Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea
Authors: Tao Shu‐Hong , Wu Jun , Qi Shu‐Hua , Zhang Si , Li Min‐Yi , Li Qing‐Xin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo new iridoid glycosides, named scyphiphorins A (1) and B (2), together with four known compounds, geniposidic acid (=(1S,4aS,7aS)‐1‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐1,4a,5,7a‐tetrahydro‐7‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran‐4‐carboxylic acid; 3), 4‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzyl)butan‐2‐one, oleanolic acid (=(3β)‐3‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid), and stigmasterol β‐D‐glucoside (=(3β,22E)‐stigmasta‐5,22‐dien‐3‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside), were isolated for the first time from the stem bark of a Chinese mangrove, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. f. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined as 10‐O‐benzoylgeniposidic acid and 10‐O‐[(2E,6R)‐8‐hydroxy‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1‐oxooct‐2‐en‐1‐yl]geniposidic acid, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods, including 2D NMR techniques.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Enantiomer Separation of 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐(tosyloxy)butanenitrile: Synthesis of (R)‐GABOB (=(3R)‐4‐Amino‐3‐hydroxybutanoic Acid) and (R)‐Carnitine Hydrochloride (=(2R)‐3‐Carboxy‐2‐hydroxy‐N,N,N‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium Chloride)
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Khanna G. B. Ramesh , Krishnaji Tadiparthi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEnzymatic resolution of racemic 3‐hydroxy‐4‐(tosyloxy)butanenitrile ((±)‐5) by using various lipases in different solvents were studied. The obtained optically pure (3R)‐3‐(acetyloxy)‐4‐(tosyloxy)butanenitrile ((R)‐6), upon treatment with aqueous ammonia followed by conc. HCl solution, provided (R)‐GABOB (=(3R)‐4‐amino‐3‐hydroxybutanoic acid; (R)‐1). Similarly, reaction of (R)‐6 with aqueous trimethylamine solution followed by conc. HCl solution provided (R)‐carnitine hydrochloride (=(2R)‐3‐carboxy‐2‐hydroxy‐N,N,N‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium chloride; (R)‐2⋅HCl) in an expeditious manner.
Terpenes and Polybromoindoles from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia decumbens (Rhodomelaceae)
Authors: Ji Nai‐Yun , Li Xiao‐Ming , Cui Chuan‐Ming , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo new brominated diterpenes, namely, laurendecumtriol (1) and 11‐O‐deacetylpinnaterpene C (2), one new polybromoindole, 2,3,4,6‐tetrabromo‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indole (7), and six known natural products were isolated and identified from the marine red alga Laurencia decumbens. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analysis as well as by comparison with literature data. Based on 2D‐NMR experiments, the previously reported NMR data for pinnaterpene C (3) were reassigned.
A New ent‐Kaurane Diterpene from Stems of Alibertia macrophyllaK. Schum. (Rubiaceae)
Authors: da Silva Viviane Cândida , de Oliveira Faria Andréia , da Silva Bolzani Vanderlan , Nasser Lopes Márcia 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPhytochemical investigations of the stems of a specimen of Alibertia macrophylla led to the isolation and characterization of the new diterpene ent‐kaurane‐2β,3α,16α‐triol (1), along with triterpenes 2–8, iridoids 9–12, and phenolic acids 13–15. The structure of 1 was established based on spectroscopic studies (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, IR, and HR‐ESI‐MS). This is the first report of the isolation of a diterpene from the Alibertia genus in Rubiaceae.
“Amount effect” of water isotopes and quantitative analysis of post‐condensation processes
Authors: Lee Jung‐Eun , Fung Inez 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA numerical model is proposed that describes the interaction between raindrops and water vapour near the planetary boundary layer to explain the “amount effect”. This model relates the intensity to the isotopic composition of precipitation. The model resolves raindrop sizes, and explicitly includes: (1) the isotopic equilibration time of raindrops that is drop‐size dependent; (2) raindrop transit times through the atmosphere; and (3) the evolution of the isotopic composition of vapour at various rain rates. At high rain rate, the precipitation through a layer is less equilibrated with the vapour because the isotopic equilibration time is long compared to the fast transit time, and there is a preponderance of large drops, which take longer to equilibrate. The δ18O of vapour in the lower atmosphere becomes lower as a result of the interaction with these raindrops of low δ18O, and the degree of depletion of 18O is higher when precipitation rates are high. The model reproduces time‐series observations of isotopic composition of precipitation in Japan, and a vapour replenishment rate is inferred by either advection or evaporation of about 5% of the precipitation rate. The results could be the basis for a new parameterization of the isotopic equilibration for different precipitation types and rates in General Circulation Models (GCMs). When the model is applied to a GCM, this parameterization is important for places where precipitation occurs at cold temperatures (<15 °C). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simulation experiment for optimal design hyetograph selection
Authors: Alfieri Lorenzo , Laio Francesco , Claps Pierluigi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to assess the accuracy of literature design hyetographs for the evaluation of peak discharges during flood events. Five design hyetographs are examined in a set of simulations, based upon the following steps: (i) an ideal river basin is defined, characterized by a Beta distribution shaped unit hydrograph (UH); (ii) 1000 years of synthetic rainfall are artificially generated; (iii) a discharge time‐series is obtained from the convolution of the rainfall time‐series and the UH, and the reference T‐years flood is computed from this series; (iv) for the same return period T, the parameters of the intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curve are estimated from the 1000 years of synthetic rainfall; (v) five design hyetographs are determined from the IDF curves and are convolved with the discrete UH to find the corresponding design hydrographs; (vi) the hydrograph peaks are compared with the reference T‐years flood and the advantages and drawbacks of each of the five approaches are evaluated. The rainfall and UH parameters are varied, and the whole procedure is repeated to assess the sensitivity of results to the system configuration.We found that all design hyetographs produce flood peak estimates that are consistently biased in most of the climatic and hydrologic conditions considered. In particular, significant underestimation of the design flood results from the adoption of any rectangular hyetograph used in the context of the rational formula. In contrast, the Chicago hyetograph tends to overestimate peak flows. In two cases it is sufficient to multiply the result by a constant scaling factor to obtain robust and nearly unbiased estimates of the design floods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA)
Authors: Spencer Robert G. M. , Pellerin Brian A. , Bergamaschi Brian A. , Downing Bryan D. , Kraus Tamara E. C. , Smart David R. , Dahlgren Randy A. , Hernes Peter J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition in riverine and stream systems are known to vary with hydrological and productivity cycles over the annual and interannual time scales. Rivers are commonly perceived as homogeneous with respect to DOM concentration and composition, particularly under steady flow conditions over short time periods. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of short term variability (<1 day) on DOM dynamics. This study examined whether diurnal processes measurably altered DOM concentration and composition in the hypereutrophic San Joaquin River (California) during a relatively quiescent period. We evaluated the efficacy of using optical in situ measurements to reveal changes in DOM which may not be evident from bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurement alone. The in situ optical measurements described in this study clearly showed for the first time diurnal variations in DOM measurements, which have previously been related to both composition and concentration, even though diurnal changes were not well reflected in bulk DOC concentrations. An apparent asynchronous trend of DOM absorbance and chlorophyll‐a in comparison to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence and spectral slope S290–350 suggests that no one specific CDOM spectrophotometric measurement explains absolutely DOM diurnal variation in this system; the measurement of multiple optical parameters is therefore recommended. The observed diurnal changes in DOM composition, measured by in situ optical instrumentation likely reflect both photochemical and biologically‐mediated processes. The results of this study highlight that short‐term variability in DOM composition may complicate trends for studies aiming to distinguish different DOM sources in riverine systems and emphasizes the importance of sampling specific study sites to be compared at the same time of day. The utilization of in situ optical technology allows short‐term variability in DOM dynamics to be monitored and serves to increase our understanding of its processing and fundamental role in the aquatic environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrophages function as a ferritin iron source for cultured human erythroid precursors
Authors: Leimberg Moshe J. , Prus Eugenia , Konijn Abraham M. , Fibach Eitan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIron is essential for the survival as well as the proliferation and maturation of developing erythroid precursors (EP) into hemoglobin‐containing red blood cells. The transferrin–transferrin receptor pathway is the main route for erythroid iron uptake. Using a two‐phase culture system, we have previously shown that placental ferritin as well as macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes could partially replace transferrin and support EP growth in a transferrin‐free medium. We now demonstrate that in the absence of transferrin, ferritin synthesized and secreted by macrophages can serve as an iron source for EP. Macrophages trigger an increase in both the cytosolic and the mitochondrial labile iron pools, in heme and in hemoglobin synthesis, along with a decrease in surface transferrin receptors. Inhibiting macrophage exocytosis, binding extracellular ferritin with specific antibodies, inhibiting EP receptor‐mediated endocytosis or acidification of EP lysosomes, all resulted in a decreased EP growth when co‐cultured with macrophages under transferrin‐free conditions. The results suggest that iron taken up by macrophages is incorporated mainly into their ferritin, which is subsequently secreted by exocytosis. Nearby EP are able to take up this ferritin probably through clathrin‐dependent, receptor‐mediated endocytosis into endosomes, which following acidification and proteolysis release the iron from the ferritin, making it available for regulatory and synthetic purposes. Thus, macrophages support EP development under transferrin‐free conditions by delivering essential iron in the form of metabolizable ferritin. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1211–1218, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoids in biological control and cancer
Authors: Fields Anthonise Louis , Soprano Dianne Robert , Soprano Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMore than 80 years ago, Wolbach and Howe provided the first evidence suggesting a link between alterations within human cells that lead to malignancies and vitamin A deficiencies (Wolbach and Howe 1925 Nutr. Rev. 36: 16–19). Since that time, epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have established a causative relationship between vitamin A deficiency and cancer. Laboratory research has provided insight into the intracellular targets, various signaling cascades and physiological effects of the biologically‐active natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, known as retinoids. Collectively, this body of research supports the concept of retinoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents that can prevent epithelial cell tumorigenesis by directing the cells to either differentiate, growth arrest, or undergo apoptosis, thus preventing or reversing neoplasia. Continued refinement of the retinoid signaling pathway is essential to establishing their use as effective therapeutics for tumor subtypes whose oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways can be blocked or reversed by treatment with retinoids. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 886–898, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) activates p38 MAP kinase and induces post‐transcriptional stabilization of the C/EBPδ mRNA in G0 growth arrested mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Li Bin , Si Junling , DeWille James W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe G0 growth arrest (quiescent) state is highly conserved in evolution to promote survival under adverse environmental conditions. To maintain viability, G0 growth arrested cells limit gene expression to essential growth control and pro‐survival genes. CCAAT enhancer binding proteinδ (C/EBPδ), a member of the C/EBP family of nuclear proteins, is highly expressed in G0 growth arrested mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Although C/EBPδ gene transcription is elevated during G0 growth arrest, C/EBPδ mRNA and protein are relatively short lived, suggesting tight control of the cellular C/EBPδ content in unstressed, quiescent cells. Treatment of G0 growth arrested MECs with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) dramatically increases the C/EBPδ mRNA half‐life (∼4‐fold) and protein content (∼3‐fold). The mRNA stabilizing effects of UVR treatment are mediated by the C/EBPδ mRNA 3′untranslated region, which contains an AU rich element. UVR increased p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) activation and SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, blocked UVR‐induced C/EBPδ mRNA stabilization. UVR increased the nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of HuR, an ARE‐binding protein that functions in mRNA stabilization. Finally, HuR siRNA treatment blocked UVR‐induced stabilization of the C/EBPδ and C/EBPβ mRNAs but had no effect on C/EBPζ (CHOP) mRNA stability. In summary, G0 growth arrested MECs respond to UVR treatment by activating p38 MAPK, increasing HuR translocation and HuR/C/EBPδ mRNA binding and stabilizing the C/EBPδ mRNA. These results identify post‐transcriptional stabilization of the C/EBPδ mRNA as a mechanism to increase C/EBPδ levels in the stress response of quiescent cells to UVR. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1657–1669, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.