bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences among Hyperlipoproteinaemic Subjects in the Response of Lipoprotein Lipids to Resin Therapy
Authors: Miller N. E. , Nestel P. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. It has been reported that cholesterol turnover is raised when hypercholesterolaemia occurs in association with elevated levels of very low density lipoprotein, but normal when hypercholesterolaemia reflects an increase in the concentration of low density lipoprotein alone. The relationship of plasma lipoprotein levels to cholesterol metabolism has been further investigated in the present experiments, in which the acute effects on lipoprotein lipids of stimulating cholesterol turnover with a bile acid‐sequestering resin, colestipol, have been compared in normal subjects and in patients with four types of hyperlipoproteinaemia.Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids increased in every subject. The increase was greatest in patients with type IV or type V hyperlipoproteinaemia, least in normal subjects and in those with type Ha hyperlipoproteinaemia, and intermediate in patients with type lib hyperlipoproteinaemia. The induced increments in VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride mass were accordingly positively correlated with the pre‐treatment concentrations. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) lipids decreased during resin therapy in all subjects, except those with type IV or type V hyperlipoproteinaemia in whom there was a transient rise. The reductions in LDL cholesterol were significantly greater in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinaemia than in the normal volunteers, and in both groups of subjects were proportionately greater than those in LDL triglyceride.These findings demonstrate clear differences among the hyperlipoproteinaemias in the response of lipoprotein lipids to resin therapy, and provide further evidence for the heterogeneity of cholesterol metabolism in these conditions. The colestipol‐induced changes in type IV and type V patients could be partially reproduced in normal subjects during the consumption of high carbohydrate diets, which might be expected to increase VLDL synthesis. It is suggested, therefore, that the synthesis of VLDL cholesterol may be enhanced in such patients, and that any rise in LDL cholesterol observed during resin therapy reflected subsequent metabolism of VLDL to LDL rather than diminished LDL cholesterol clearance.
Transport ATPases of Cardiac Sarcolemma in 20, 25‐Diazacholesterol Induced Myopathy
Authors: Fiehn W. , Seiler D. , Kuhn E. , Bartels D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. 20, 25‐Diazacholesterol, known to induce myotonia in skeletal muscle, also affects cardiac muscle as can be concluded from the development of cardiomegaly. At the same time (Na+, K+) ATPase of cardiac sarcolemmal membranes of the 20, 25‐diazacholesterol treated rats showed an increased activity as compared with control animals (91 % and 46 % stimulation respectively). The Ca++ stimulated ATPase showed the same tendency (96 % and 64 % stimulation).In the plasma of the treated rats creatine phosphokinase activity was found to be elevated whereas the amount of protein‐bound iodine was decreased, a finding that is common in myotonic dystrophy.
Total and Free Triiodothyronine and Thyroid‐Binding Globulin Concentration in Elderly Human Persons
Authors: Hesch R.‐D. , Gatz J. , Pape J. , Schmidt E. , van zur Mühlen A. 
Published: March 2008

Total thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3) were found to be low in healthy elderly subjects with a preferential decrease of triiodothyronine. In order to determine the importance of these findings 22 healthy elderly subjects were examined.Free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid binding globulin (TBG) concentration and basal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Liver enzymes, cholesterol and total protein concentration were also assayed. TBG was significantly increased compared to a middle‐aged group and did not correlate with TT4, TT3 and TSH. Basal TSH values were in the normal range and could be detected in all the elderly subjects in contrast to undetectable values in 40 % of the younger subjects. PT3 determined directly did not correlate with the values calculated according to the law of mass action. According to the FT3 values the elderly subjects could be subdivided into three groups independent of their TT4, TT3, TBG and TSH values. FT3 was undetectable in one group, in the low normal to normal range in another and elevated in the third group. Our results suggest that 1) there is no correlation between TT4, TT3, elevated TBG and FT3 determined directly or by calculation, 2) basal TSH values seem to indicate possible hypothyroidism in elderly persons which is correlated with elevated cholesterol levels and 3) FT3 measured directly subdivides this metabolic state into three groups possibly depending on the intracellular concentration of T4.
Oral Versus Intravenous Administration of Butylbiguanide: Effect on Oral Glucose Tolerance in Normal Humans
Authors: Berger E. G. , Moehr P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract1. The effect of oral and intravenous administration of butylbiguanide on the oral glucose tolerance test was investigated in 12 normal human volunteers. Orally administered butylbiguanide lowered the oral glucose tolerance curve and the corresponding serum insulin values, whereas intravenously injected butylbiguanide had no effect.2. The lactate/pyruvate ratio determined 180 min. after glucose ingestion increased after oral butylbiguanide administration. No effect was observed after intravenous administration.3. The decrease in serum phosphate levels observed after oral glucose loading was not influenced by butylbiguanide administered by either route. In addition, no effect of this drug was observed on fasting levels of glucose, insulin, phosphate, bicarbonate, lactate and pyruvate.4. These results are compatible with recent observations that biguanides inhibit active transport mechanisms in the intestine. In addition, the effect of biguanides on blood levels of glucose metabolites is discussed with respect to their known action on oxidative phosphorylation.
Motility‐ and blood flow‐dependent absorption of amino acids in canine small intestine*
Authors: PYTKOWSKI BOHDAN , MICHALOWSKI JACEK 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A relationship between L‐phenylalanine and L‐serine absorption, intestinal motility and blood flow has been studied with a canine in situ isolated jejunal loop in acute experiments and in chronic preparations in conscious dogs. During spontaneous rhythmic contractions, as well as after mechanical and pharmacological stimuli, rhythmic changes in blood flow, related to intestinal contractions, were observed. They had no bearing on mean blood flow or absorption as long as they did not occur together with tonic contractions.The tonic contractions resulted in a prolonged decrease in jejunal blood flow and diminished amino acid absorption rate. Absorption and motility index, as well as blood flow and motility were negatively correlated. There was a positive rectilinear correlation between intestinal blood flow and absorption, regardless of whether changes in blood flow resulted from the increase in motility or were induced by intestinal artery occlusion. These correlations suggest that changes in amino acid absorption during increased motility depend on changes in blood flow. This relationship may be important in clinical syndromes with hypermotility.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in patients with chronic renal disease
Authors: PIETREK J. , KOKOT F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH‐D) was measured by means of a sensitive competitive protein binding assay in forty‐five patients with conservatively treated renal disease and in fifteen patients on chronic dialysis. The mean concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in twenty‐five normal subjects was 41.4 nmol/l with a range from 19.2 to 90 nmol/l. Fourteen patients with chronic pyelonephritis (creatinine clearance over 25 ml/min) had normal serum 25‐OH‐D. Low values were found in twelve patients with nephrotic syndrome (mean 11.2 nmol/l, range 1–19 nmol/l) and in these subjects the serum 25‐OH‐D levels were inversely correlated with the 24 h urinary protein loss. In thirteen conservatively treated uraemic subjects without significant proteinuria, the mean 25‐OH‐D was 29.4 nmol/l (range 18.2–41.4 nmol/l), whereas in six uraemics losing more than 3 g protein in 24 h urine the mean was 14.2 nmol/l, range 5.2–23.2 nmol/l.Fifteen patients on chronic dialysis were routinely given a multi‐vitamin preparation providing 125 nmol (2000 i.u.) vitamin D3 daily, and their mean 25‐OH‐D concentration in March 1975 was 51.4 nmol/l. In August 1975, 25‐OH‐D averaged 89.1 nmol/l suggesting seasonal variation and possible role of endogenous vitamin D production in the prevention of clinical signs of renal osteodystrophy.
Vitamin A stimulation of parathyroid hormone: interactions with calcium, hydrocortisone, and vitamin E in bovine parathyroid tissues and effects of vitamin A in man
Authors: CHERTOW B. S. , WILLIAMS G. A. , NORRIS R. M. , BAKER G. R. , HARGIS G. K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of vitamin A, a membrane surface‐active agent, on parathyroid hormone secretion was studied in vitro, using bovine parathyroid tissue, and in vivo in man. Parathyroid tissues were incubated with vitamin A (retinol), retinoic acid, and calcium, and with hydrocortisone and vitamin E, agents that antagonize the membrane effects of vitamin A. The stimulation of parathyroid hormone release by vitamin A, 10‐6 to 10‐9 mol/l in vitro, was dose and time dependent. Retinoic acid did not stimulate secretion. High calcium concentration, hydrocortisone, 10‐5 mol/l and 10‐6 mol/l, and vitamin E, 10‐5 mol/l, antagonized vitamin A‐induced parathyroid hormone secretion. Vitamin A increased the lysosomal cathepsin D activity of parathyroid tissues.In human studies, eleven healthy men received two intramuscular injections of vitamin A palmitate, 25 000 units each, within 24 h. In every subject, serum parathyroid hormone increased after vitamin A administration.Our studies indicate that: (1) vitamin A stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro, possibly through modification of the cell or secretion granule membrane, or through stimulation of lysosomal proteolytic activity, and (2) vitamin A increases serum parathyroid hormone in vivo, and this effect may be important in clinical states of vitamin A excess.
Serum gastrin response to acute and chronic hypercalcaemia in man: studies on the value of calcium stimulated serum gastrin levels in the diagnosis of Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome
Authors: LAMERS C. B. H. , TONGEREN J. H. M. VAN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In this study the effect of calcium infusion over 3 h without gastric aspiration on serum gastrin was determined in fifteen normal subjects, ten patients with duodenal ulcer, nine with stomal ulcer, five with total gastrectomy, six with achlorhydria and sixteen with proved or presumed Zollinger‐Ellison (ZE) syndrome. Serum gastrin only rose significantly in the patients with ZE‐syndrome or achlorhydria. An increase of above or below 50% of basal value seems to be a valuable criterion by which to differentiate between patients with and without ZE‐syndrome. Serum gastrin levels in forty‐four patients with chronic hypercalcaemia (72±24 pg/ml, mean± SD) were not significantly different from the levels in 100 normal subjects (66±18 pg/ml; p>0.10). However, in one patient with ZE‐syndrome and in two patients with achlorhydria serum gastrin values were markedly higher during chronic hypercalcaemia than during normocalcaemia.It is concluded that acute or chronic hypercalcaemia without gastric aspiration does not lead to hypergastrinaemia in the absence of ZE‐syndrome or achlorhydria.
Effect of exercise and of prolonged oral administration of propranolol on haemodynamic variables, plasma renin concentration, plasma aldosterone and c‐AMP
Authors: BONELLI J. , WALDHÄUSL W. , MAGOMETSCHNIGG D. , SCHWARZMEIER J. , KORN A. , HITZENBERGER G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of submaximal exercise upon haemodynamic and biochemical variables was investigated in healthy male subjects, aged 17–27 years, before and at the end of 2 weeks treatment with propranolol (40 mg p.o., q.i.d.).Propranolol reduced the resting blood pressure in normal subjects significantly. This effect was due to reduction of cardiac output and of systemic vascular resistance. No effect of propranolol on BP was seen during maximal exercise, since a reduced cardiac output was accompanied by an increased peripheral resistance.The reduction of cardiac output during exercise can be compensated in part by an increase in stroke volume.The sympathetic activity induced by physical exercise in normotensives increased plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone (PA), and suppressed urinary excretion of c‐AMP. PRC returned to basal levels after 45 min. No increase of PRC was observed after exercise in subjects treated with propranolol. Yet the increase of PA was not completely suppressed. No direct relation was demonstrated between PRC and the haemodynamic variables before or during the administration of propranolol.
Biocompatibility of coated and uncoated charcoal during haemoperfusion in healthy dogs
Authors: WESTON M. J. , HANID A. , RUBIN M. H. , LANGLEY P. G. , MELLON P. J. , WILLIAMS ROGER 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The biocompatibility of two commercially available charcoal columns, one containing coated and the other uncoated but immobilized charcoal, was compared during four haemoperfusions with each in eight healthy greyhounds. Reductions in arterial levels of platelets (49% and 42% respectively) and leucocytes (both 21%) were similar. Microaggregates, detected by the Swank screen filtration pressure technique, were found in blood leaving the columns during three of the four perfusions with each column.Another twelve perfusions with the uncoated column were carried out with the addition of one or other of the following three agents which inhibit platelet aggregation: sulfinpyrazone, dipyridamole, or citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose. With none of these were platelet losses less as compared with the four perfusions in which heparin only was used. However, rises in screen filtration pressure were less pronounced. In other perfusions, where its dosage was varied, heparin was shown to reverse, and in large doses delay, the appearance of micro‐aggregates.Thrombus in the column itself may be a source of microaggregates, but platelet aggregation in the absence of thrombus deposition may be responsible.The relation of these findings to micro‐aggregate formation, which has constituted a clinical problem during charcoal haemoperfusion in humans with fulminant hepatic failure, is considered.
Secondary hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with parenchymal liver disease
Authors: KLOSE G. , WINDELBAND J. , WEIZEL A. , GRETEN H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Hypertriglyceridaemia occurring in patients with liver disease has been studied by measuring hepatic triglyceride lipase (H‐TGL) and plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by selective precipitation of H‐TGL with specific antibodies. Lipid analysis, determination of lecithincholesterol‐acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and liver function tests were performed in parallel in fifty patients with acute hepatitis, twenty patients with chronic active or persistent hepatitis and fifty with cirrhosis of the liver.Total post‐heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) decreased with the severity of liver dysfunction. This decrease was due to low H‐TGL and only to some degree to low LPL activity. With improvement over several weeks of hospitalization, hypertriglyceridaemia disappeared with a concomitant increase of H‐TGL and LPL. It is concluded that impaired triglyceride metabolism in liver disease is at least partly caused by diminished plasma hepatic TGL activity.
High density lipoprotein infusion and partial plasma exchange in Tangier disease
Authors: ASSMANN G. , SMOOTZ E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. High density lipoprotein (HDL) infusion and partial plasma exchange were undertaken in two patients homozygous for Tangier disease. Serum samples and ultracentrifugally isolated serum fractions were analysed over a period of 7 days post infusion by agarose electro‐phoresis, two‐dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (employing antibodies to HDL, HDL3, Apoprotein A‐I, and Apoprotein A‐II), Apoprotein A radioimmuno‐assay, and analytical polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The following observations were made: (a) immediately after HDL substitution the broad‐βband, normally visible upon agarose electrophoresis of Tangier plasma, resolved into a distinct β and pre‐β band; (b) as HDL was cata‐bolized, an abnormal a‐migrating lipoprotein was generated which contained Apoprotein A‐II as protein constituent; and (c) there was a proferential loss of Apoprotein A‐I from HDL and the plasma compartment in the course of HDL catabolism.The results suggest that the defect in Tangier disease resides with enhanced catabolism or defective synthesis of Apoprotein A‐I.
A comparison between naturally occurring macroamylasaemia and macroamylasaemia induced by hydroxyethyl‐starch
Authors: DÜRR H. K. , BODE CHRISTIANE , KRUPINSKI R. , BODE J. CH. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Macroamylasaemia was produced in vitro by incubation of hydroxyethylstarch with serum, and in vivo by intravenous infusion of hydroxyethylstarch. Gel filtration on Sephadex G‐100 revealed distinct differences in molecular size distribution between such hydroxyethylstarch‐induced macroamylase and the usual form of naturally occurring macroamylase which was observed in a few patients from our hospital. Further studies demonstrated that the gel filtration elution pattern of amylase activity in serum containing hydroxyethylstarch‐induced macroamylase is significantly altered with time in vitro and in vivo, probably because of an enzymatic degradation of the hydroxyethylstarch components of the macromolecular complexes.In a healthy volunteer the serum amylase activity was elevated to a maximum of 797 u/l and the renal clearance rate of amylase was diminished to a minimum of 0.3 ml/ min after infusion of 500 ml of a 6% solution of hydroxyethylstarch, as compared to 300 u/l, and 0.95 ml/min, respectively, during the pre‐infusion period.
Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in uraemia
Authors: ATTMAN PER‐OLA , GUSTAFSON ANDERS 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism variables were studied in twenty‐eight patients with chronic renal failure (mean GFR 7.7 ± 2.5 ml/min) and uraemic symptoms.71% of the patients had hypertriglyceridaemia (≥ 2.2 mmol/l). Total serum cholesterol was normal while VLDL cholesterol was high and α‐lipoprotein cholesterol was low. The fractional elimination rate of Intralipid was low and inversely correlated to serum triglyceride levels.Intravenous glucose tolerance was reduced with normal or slightly increased fasting blood glucose and insulin values before and during the test.Serum triglycerides were correlated to plasma insulin but not to residual renal function or serum urea levels.The cause of hypertriglyceridaemia and lowering of α‐Lp cholesterol is not unequivocally clear. Present evidence indicate that retarded catabolism of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins is important but accentuated release of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins may have occurred in a number of cases. The commonly used treatment with β‐blocking agents for hypertension in chronic renal failure may accentuate certain of the metabolic responses in uraemia.
Free insulin, bound insulin, C‐peptide and the metabolic control in juvenile onset diabetics: comparison of C‐peptide secretors and non‐secretors during 24 hours conventional insulin therapy
Authors: GERBITZ K.‐D. , KEMMLER W. , EDELMANN A. , SUMMER J. , MEHNERT H. , WIELAND O.H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In two groups of juvenile onset diabetics similar in age, weight, diet and daily insulin dosage (eight without C‐peptide, group I; eight with C‐peptide, group II) the serum levels of free and antibody bound insulin, C‐peptide, glucose, lactate, alanine and FFA were determined over 24 h. In addition the affinity and binding capacity of the insulin antibodies were determined in vitro.No correlation was found between free or bound insulin and glucose. This holds true for the individual profiles as well as for the averaged profiles of the two groups. Free insulin and lactate or alanine were positively correlated in the C‐peptide secreting group. C‐peptide secretion followed the fluctuations of the glucose level during 24 h in each individual patient.As a group, C‐peptide secretors were better controlled than non‐secretors with respect to mean blood glucose, M‐value and the lability index and showed higher free insulin levels despite a similar daily insulin dosage. The possible reasons for this fact are discussed.No correlation was found between the affinity characteristics of the insulin antibodies and the degree of metabolic control or the daily insulin dosage.
Studies on cortisol metabolism during haemodialysis in man
Authors: DECK K. A. , FISCHER B. , HILLEN H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Plasma clearance rates and dialysance of labelled cortisol were measured in patients on chronic intermittent dialysis during and after dialysis. Plasma clearance rates during dialysis were 30–63% higher than after dialysis; dialysance was 0.3–0.7 1/h and accounted only for 20–35% of the increase of plasma clearance rates during dialysis. After bolus injection of labelled cortisol, disappearance curves were obtained in two normal subjects and two uraemic subjects on and off dialysis. Biological halftimes of the different segments of the disappearance curves and distribution volumes were calculated. The size of the inner compartment (V1) is greater in uraemia. The disappearance curves flatten after the end of dialysis, indicating an increase of biological halftime after dialysis. Plasma 17‐OHCS‐glucuronides dropped from 2.13 ± 0.62 μmol/l (n= 20) at the beginning to 1.05 ± 0.65 μmol/l at the end of dialysis and increased to 1.51 ± 0.43 μmol/l (n= 12) within 3 h thereafter.During dialysis cortisol metabolites are removed from the blood. This may decrease inhibition of cortisol metabolism by the end products of cortisol metabolism which might explain the more rapid plasma clearance and the shortened cortisol half‐life during haemodialysis.
Very low density lipoprotein overproduction in genetic forms of hypertriglyceridaemia
Authors: CHAIT ALAN , ALBERS JOHN J. , BRUNZELL JOHN D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Very low density lipoprotein kinetic parameters were compared in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and familial combined hyperlipidaemia, two distinct genetic forms of hypertriglyceridaemia. Very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B turnover rate was greater in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (099±0–27 mg/kg/h; n= 5; P < 0005) and also in familial hypertriglyceridaemia (0–74±0–10; n= 6; P < 0–005) than in age and weight matched non‐hyperlipidaemic controls (0–54±0–21; n= 6), suggesting that the hypertriglyceridaemia seen in both genetic disorders was due to very low density lipoprotein overproduction. Very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B turnover rate was greater in familial combined hyperlipidaemia than in familial hypertriglyceridaemia while plasma triglyceride turnover was higher in familial hypertriglyceridaemia. This disparity in the turnover rates of apoprotein B and triglyceride between these disorders was accompanied by a higher very low density lipoprotein triglyceride/apoprotein B ratio in familial hypertriglyceridaemia than in familial combined hyperlipidaemia (P < 0001) and in normals (P < 0–005).The findings suggest that the hypertriglyceridaemia of familial combined hyperlipidaemia is due to overproduction of very low density lipoprotein of normal composition, while that of familial hypertriglyceridaemia is due to oversecretion of triglyceride‐enriched very low density lipoprotein.