bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of stroke pattern and swim speed across a range of current velocities: diving by common eiders wintering in polynyas in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Heath Joel P. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Ydenberg Ronald C. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYSwim speed during diving has important energetic consequences. Not only do costs increase as drag rises non-linearly with increasing speed, but speed also affects travel time to foraging patches and therefore time and energy budgets over the entire dive cycle. However, diving behaviour has rarely been considered in relation to current velocity. Strong tidal currents around the Belcher Islands, Nunavut, Canada, produce polynyas, persistent areas of open water in the sea ice which are important habitats for wildlife wintering in Hudson Bay. Some populations of common eiders Somateria mollissima sedentaria remain in polynyas through the winter where they dive to forage on benthic invertebrates. Strong tidal currents keep polynyas from freezing, but current velocity can exceed 1.5 m s–1 and could influence time and energy costs of diving and foraging. Polynyas therefore provide naturally occurring flume tanks allowing investigation of diving strategies of free ranging birds in relation to current velocity. We used a custom designed sub-sea ice camera to non-invasively investigate over 150 dives to a depth of 11.3 m by a population of approximately 100 common eiders at Ulutsatuq polynya during February and March of 2002 and 2003. Current speed during recorded dives ranged from 0 to 1 m s–1. As currents increased, vertical descent speed of eiders decreased, while descent duration and the number of wing strokes and foot strokes during descent to the bottom increased. However, nearly simultaneous strokes of wings and feet, and swim speed relative to the moving water, were maintained within a narrow range(2.28±0.23 Hz; 1.25±0.14 m s–1, respectively). This close regulation of swim speed over a range in current speed of 1.0 m s–1 might correspond to efficient muscle contraction rates,and probably reduces work rates by avoiding rapidly increasing drag at greater speeds; however, it also increases travel time to benthic foraging patches. Despite regulation of average swim speed, high instantaneous speeds during oscillatory stroking can increase dive costs due to drag. While most diving birds have been considered either foot or wing propelled, eider ducks used both wing and foot propulsion during descent. Our observations indicate that the power phase of foot strokes coincides with the transition between upstroke and downstroke of the wings, when drag is greatest. Coordinated timing between foot and wing propulsion could therefore serve to maintain a steadier speed during descent and decrease the costs of diving. Despite tight regulation of stroke and swim speed patterns, descent duration and total number of foot and wing strokes during descent increase non-linearly with increasing current velocity, suggesting an increase in energetic costs of diving.
A new permanent tracheostomy tube – speech valve system
Authors: Saul Årke , Bergströum Bjöurn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA permanent tracheostoma is often necessary in patients with respiratory diseases such as severe bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis in order to reduce dead space. Another group of patients who require a permanent tracheostoma are those with laryngeal stenoses or bilateral vocal cord pareses whose general condition makes them unsuitable candidates for more advanced surgical procedures. This has usually been achieved by a conventional tracheostomy tube which, however, carries many problems; the ability to cough is greatly reduced when a sufficient intra‐abdominal pressure cannot be acquired, speech is impaired, the tube has to be changed regularly, it must be fixed by bands around the neck, etc. These problems can be significantly reduced by using a short, straight tube placed in the stoma and kept securely in position by an outer flange and four flaps on the tracheal side. To this tube is attached a special two‐way valve adjustable for either inspiration and expiration or for inspiration only in which case it also serves as a speech valve. Up to now this construction has been used in 16 patients with excellent results, one patient has had this device continuously since 1970 without any complications.
Otolaryngologica prevarica: Munchausen's syndrome update and report of a case
Authors: Pender Daniel J. , Pender Vivian Blotnick 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“ldquo;olorful lying is a central feature of Munchausen's, a syndrome well characterized despite an imperfect understanding of its psychiatric aspects. Reported otolaryngologic presentations are infrequent. A classic case is described in detail. A new name, “Otolaryngologica Prevarica,” is proposed to maintain awareness of the entity in the specialty. The psychodynamics and the relation to sadomasochism, hysteria and malingering are discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Robinson Richard , Mott Brian , Gorman Michael , Amodia Jos , Sullivan John , Longhurst Alex 
Published: October 2006

Antnio Costa Pinto, The Blue Shirts: Portuguese Fascists and the New State. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press, New York, 2000, pp. xv + 271. ISBN 0-88033-982-9.
Manuela Cook, Portuguese, a complete course in understanding,
speaking and writing. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2001, pp. vi+330, ISBN 0-340-78932-8 (book), 0-340-78933-6 (book-cassette pack), 0-340-80250-2 (book-CD pack).
Monica Threlfall (ed.), Consensus Politics in Spain: Insider Perspectives, Bristol UK and Portland USA: Intellect,
2000, pp. viii + 88, ISBN 1-84150-034-8.
Nigel Townson, The Crisis of Democracy in Spain. Centrist Politics under the Second Republic, Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2000, pp. x + 444, ISBN 1-898723-19-2.
Santiago de Pablo, Ludger Mees and Jos A. Rodrguez, El
Pndulo Patritico. Historia del Partido Nacionalista Vasco, I: 18951936. Barcelona: Critica, 1999, pp 398, ISBN 84-8432 008.
William Chislett, Spain at a Glance 2001. Madrid: Banco Santander Central Hispano, 2001, pp. 257.
Community Emergency Care Use by Veterans in an Era of Expanding Choice
Authors: Vashi Anita A. , Urech Tracy , Wu Siqi , Tran Linda D. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceRecently passed legislation aimed at improving access to care has considerably expanded options for veterans to receive emergency care in community, or non–Veterans Affairs (VA) settings. However, national trends in community emergency department (ED) use by veterans are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine national, temporal trends in the frequencies and types of ED visits provided in community settings and explore the association between facilities’ purchase of community care with facility and regional characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective, observational cross-sectional study of ED visits over fiscal years (FY) 2016 to 2022. VA and community ED encounter data were obtained from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse and the Office of Integrated Veteran Care. Participants were veterans receiving ED care at VA facilities or paid for by the VA in the community. Data were analyzed from June to September 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measures included community ED visit volume, disposition, and payments over time. Also, the most common and costly ED visits were assessed. Negative binomial regression analysis examined associations between facility and regional characteristics and the rate of ED visits purchased in community settings relative to all ED visits.ResultsThere were 19 787 056 ED visits, predominantly at VA facilities (14 532 261 visits [73.4%]), made by 3 972 503 unique veterans from FY 2016 to 2022. The majority of ED users were male (3 576 120 individuals [90.0%]), and the median (IQR) age was 63 (48-73) years. The proportion of community ED visits increased in absolute terms from 18% in FY 2016 to 37% in FY 2022. Total community ED payments, adjusted to 2021 dollars, were $1.18 billion in FY 2016 and over $6.14 billion in FY 2022. The most common reasons for ED visits in the community were for nonspecific chest pain (305 082 visits [6%]), abdominal pain (174 836 visits [3%]), and septicemia (149 968 visits [3%]). The average proportion of ED visits purchased by a VA facility increased from 14% in FY 2016 to 32% by FY 2022. In multivariable analyses, facilities with greater ED volume and low-complexity facilities had higher expected rates of community emergency care than lower volume and high-complexity facilities, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceAs veterans increasingly use community EDs for acute, unscheduled needs, attention to factors associated with veterans’ use of acute care services in different settings are important to identify access barriers and to ensure veterans’ health care needs are met.
Incidence of Nonkeratinocyte Skin Cancer After Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen J. , Eid Edward , Tang Jean Y. , Kurian Allison W. , Kwong Bernice Y. , Linos Eleni 
Published: March 2024

ImportancePrevious studies have suggested that radiation therapy may contribute to an increased risk of subsequent nonkeratinocyte (ie, not squamous and basal cell) skin cancers.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that radiation therapy for breast cancer increases the risk of subsequent nonkeratinocyte skin cancers, particularly when these cancers are localized to the skin of the breast or trunk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study used longitudinal data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program for January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. The SEER database includes population-based cohort data from 17 registries. Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were identified and were evaluated for subsequent nonkeratinocyte skin cancer development. Data analysis was performed from January to August 2023.ExposuresRadiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery for breast cancer.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for subsequent nonkeratinocyte skin cancer development from 2000 to 2019 based on treatment type (radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery), skin cancer site on the body, and skin cancer subtype.ResultsAmong the 875 880 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer included in this study, 99.3% were women, 51.6% were aged older than 60 years, and 50.3% received radiation therapy. A total of 11.2% patients identified as Hispanic, 10.1% identified as non-Hispanic Black, and 69.5% identified as non-Hispanic White. From 2000 to 2019, there were 3839 patients with nonkeratinocyte skin cancer, including melanoma (3419 [89.1%]), Merkel cell carcinoma (121 [3.2%]), hemangiosarcoma (104 [2.7%]), and 32 other nonkeratinocyte skin cancers (195 [5.1%]), documented to occur after breast cancer treatment. The risk of nonkeratinocyte skin cancer diagnosis after breast cancer treatment with radiation was 57% higher (SIR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.45-1.7]) than that of the general population when considering the most relevant site: the skin of the breast or trunk. When risk at this site was stratified by skin cancer subtype, the SIRs for melanoma and hemangiosarcoma were both statistically significant at 1.37 (95% CI, 1.25-1.49) and 27.11 (95% CI, 21.6-33.61), respectively. Receipt of radiation therapy was associated with a greater risk of nonkeratinocyte skin cancer compared with chemotherapy and surgical interventions.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of patients with breast cancer, an increased risk of melanoma and hemangiosarcoma after breast cancer treatment with radiation therapy was observed. Although occurrences of nonkeratinocyte skin cancers are rare, physicians should be aware of this elevated risk to help inform follow-up care.
Development of a digital star‐shot analysis system for comparing radiation and imaging isocenters of proton treatment machine
Authors: Han Ji Hye , Jo Kwanghyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo directly compare the radiation and imaging isocenters of a proton treatment machine, we developed and evaluated a real‐time radiation isocenter verification system.MethodsThe system consists of a plastic scintillator (PI‐200, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), an acrylic phantom, a steel ball on the detachable plate, Raspberry Pi 4 (Raspberry Pi Foundation, London, UK) with camera module, and analysis software implemented through a Python‐based graphical user interface (GUI). After kV imaging alignment of the steel ball, the imaging isocenter defined as the position of the steel ball was extracted from the optical image. The proton star‐shot was obtained by optical camera because the scintillator converted proton beam into visible light. Then the software computed both the minimum circle radius and the radiation isocenter position from the star‐shot. And the deviation between the imaging isocenter and radiation isocenter was calculated. We compared our results with measurements obtained by Gafchromic EBT3 film (Ashland, NJ, USA).ResultsThe minimum circle radii were averaged 0.29 and 0.41 mm while the position deviations from the radiation isocenter to the laser marker were averaged 0.99 and 1.07 mm, for our system and EBT3 film, respectively. Furthermore, the average position difference between the radiation isocenter and imaging isocenter was 0.27 mm for our system. Our system reduced analysis time by 10 min.ConclusionsOur system provided automated star‐shot analysis with sufficient accuracy, and it is cost‐effective alternative to conventional film‐based method for radiation isocenter verification.
Observer‐based hybrid triggered control design for cluster synchronization of nonlinear complex dynamical networks
Authors: Devi N. Birundha , Sakthivel R. , Vijayakumar M. , Mohammadzadeh A. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe issues of cluster synchronization and state estimation for a class of nonlinear complex dynamical networks are concurrently focused in this study. In precise, led by the design of complex dynamical networks, a proportional integral‐based observer is implemented for achieving robustness, by the virtue of which the states of examined networks are estimated. Thereupon, a proportional integral observer‐based hybrid triggered control scheme is proposed, wherein, the switch‐over between time‐ and event‐ triggered scheme is governed through a Bernoulli distributed random variable. Further, with the application of mixed and passivity performance technique, the external disturbances for the addressed complex dynamical networks are reduced. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the requisite sufficient conditions in respect of linear matrix inequalities are provided which ensures the discussed complex dynamical network's synchronization phenomenon. In a further, the presented criteria are exploited for the attainment of required controller, proportional and integral gain matrices. In conclusion, the applicability of proposed results and efficacy of the undertaken strategy are evidently proven with the illustration of two numerical examples with Chua's circuit and Goodwin oscillator model.
Attorney argues against SAMHSA overdose toolkit
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: March 2024

In the February 26 issue, ADAW wrote about the “toolkit” on overdose prevention and rescue from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) that calls for giving one dose (4 mg) of naloxone initially followed by a second dose two or three minutes later. The toolkit references studies that show increased doses of naloxone are not necessary in the fentanyl era. This is despite a study published in January from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration which found that 35% of overdose victims would die from that two‐to‐three‐minute wait for the second dose.
Homo‐type α‐In2Se3/PdSe2 Ferroelectric van der Waals Heterojunction Photodetectors with High‐performance and Broadband
Authors: Mu Yanqi , Yang Jia , Xie Guancai , Wang Zhenxing , Guo Beidou , Gong Jian Ru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention in the field of photodetection thanks to their unique physical properties. Among them, the PdSe2 nanoflake shows great potential. However, the performance of the PdSe2‐based photodetector with a hetero‐type heterojunction remains poor due to the severe tunneling‐assisted interfacial recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs in the thin bilateral‐depletion heterojunctions. In this work, a novel photodetector with a α‐In2Se3/PdSe2 homo‐type heterojunction for both high‐performance and broadband detection from visible to short‐wave infrared is constructed. The high‐performance of the photoresponsivity of 4.64 × 103 A·W−1, the external quantum efficiency of 1.08 × 106%, and the specific detectivity of 1.55 × 1014 Jones at 532 nm is the result of the homo‐type unilateral‐depletion junction which can promote the effective separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs compared to the hetero‐type. Also, adjusting the α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric polarization state further optimizes the unilateral depletion region. In addition, the photodetector can work in a self‐powered mode. This study suggests that the PdSe2‐based homo‐type device has great application potential in the field of 2D optoelectronics.
A Cellulose Salt Gel with Mechanical Transformation and Thermal Control
Authors: Liu Yifan , Zhou Jiazuo , Li Yudong , Sun Xiaohan , Wang Ziyao , Yang Haiyue , Wang Chengyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGels as compelling soft material shows its promising versatility in actuators, soft electronics, and biomedical sensors. However, most gel materials are too rigid to cope with long‐term changing scenarios and specific needs. Inspired by the switchable behavior of bio‐behavior of muscle, the study reports a thermodynamically controllable and stiffness‐transformative cellulose‐salt gel by simple thermal mixing of hydrous salt, cellulose nanofiber, and polyacrylamide. The achieved cellulosic gel with dynamic microstructure presents an amazing stiffness switchability between crystalline state and melted states of 32.38 to 0.02 MPa, as well as the regulable light transmittance between 41.59% and 93.43%. In addition, this cellulose‐salt gel has excellent thermal controllable behavior. That is, by controlling the crystallization process, the cellulose‐salt gel displays the start‐stop releasing‐energy behaviors on demand. Enabled by these outstanding properties, the study further demonstrates the promising application of cellulose‐salt gel in controllable soft‐rigid coupling thermoelectric device, showing the broader implications for wearable electronics aiming at on‐demand work.
Impact of HfO2 Dielectric Layer Placement in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐Based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Kim Juri , Park Yongjin , Lee Jungwoo , Lim Eunjin , Lee Jung‐Kyu , Kim Sungjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films within hafnia‐based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ) presents a promising avenue for next‐generation non‐volatile memory devices. HZO exhibits excellent ferroelectric properties, ultra‐thinness, low power consumption, nondestructive readout, and compatibility with silicon devices. In this study, Mo/HZO/n+ Si devices are investigated, incorporating a 1 nm HfO2 dielectric layer at the top and bottom of the HZO ferroelectric layer. Comparing the FTJ device configurations, it is observed that the metal‐ferroelectric‐dielectric‐semiconductor (MFIS) outperforms the metal‐dielectric‐ferroelectric‐semiconductor (MIFS) in terms of ferroelectricity, displaying a high 2Pr value of ≈69 µC cm−2. Additionally, MFIS exhibits lower leakage current, higher tunneling electro‐resistance ratio, and a thin dead layer during short pulse switching, as confirmed through DC double sweeping of I−V characteristics. The modified half‐bias scheme demonstrates a maximum array size of 191 for MFIS, showcasing its superior performance over MIFS. Synaptic characteristics, including potentiation, depression, paired‐pulse facilitation, spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity, and excitatory postsynaptic current, are measured using MFIS, highlighting its outstanding ferroelectric properties. As a physical reservoir, the FTJ device implements 16 states of 4 bits in reservoir computing. Finally, pattern recognition using a deep learning neural network achieves high accuracy with using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset.
Image Processing Using High‐Index Dielectric Metasurfaces Based on Fano Resonance
Authors: Nassiri Mohammad , Yazdi Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the design and analysis of high‐index dielectric metasurfaces based on Fano resonance for image processing applications. With the aim of optical edge detection, two different metasurface structures are proposed to create first‐ and second‐order derivative operators. The metasurfaces designed for second‐order derivative is a square lattice structure consisting of silicon cylinders surrounded by a silicon dioxide layer. Moreover, another metasurface with a square lattice structure composed of three different silicon cylinders embedded in a silicon dioxide layer is proposed to perform first‐order derivation. To achieve the best performance of the proposed metasurfaces in edge detection, the physical dimensions of the proposed structures are optimized by conducting parametric studies to reach the maximum available numerical aperture . Consequently, the second‐order derivative metasurface attains a numerical aperture with a magnitude , while the first‐order derivative metasurface achieves a numerical aperture of . Finally, the applicability of the proposed structures in optical edge detection is verified in the analog domain. The proposed metasurfaces provide high spatial resolution, high efficiency, and low dependence on the horizon angle, which pave the way for high‐quality image processing applications.
Ultra‐Confined Phonon Polaritons and Strongly Coupled Microcavity Exciton Polaritons in Monolayer MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4
Authors: Zhang Juan , Xia Yujie , Peng Lei , Zhang Yiming , Li Ben , Shu Le , Cen Yan , Zhuang Jun , Zhu Heyuan , Zhan Peng , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 2D semiconductors are an ideal platform for exploration of bosonic fluids composed of coupled photons and collective excitations of atoms or excitons, primarily due to large excitonic binding energies and strong light‐matter interaction. Based on first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the phonon polaritons formed by two infrared‐active phonon modes in monolayer MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 possess ultra‐high confinement factors of around ≈105 and 103, surpassing those of conventional polaritonic thin‐film materials by two orders of magnitude. It is observed that the first bright exciton possesses a substantial binding energies of 750 and 740 meV in these two monolayers, with the radiative recombination lifetimes as long as 25 and 188 ns, and the Rabi splitting of the formed cavity‐exciton polaritons reaching 373 and 321 meV, respectively. The effective masses of the cavity exciton polaritons are approximately 10−5me, providing the potential for high‐temperature quantum condensation. The ultra‐confined and ultra‐low‐loss phonon polaritons, as well as strongly‐coupled cavity exciton polaritons with ultra‐small polaritonic effective masses in these two monolayers, offering the flexible control of light at the nanoscale, probably leading to practical applications in nanophotonics, meta‐optics, and quantum materials.