bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero Cycles on Singular surfaces
Authors: Krishna Amalendu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLet X be a reduced and projective singular surface over ℂ and let → X be a resolution of singularities of X. We show that CH2(X) ≅ CH2() if and only if for i = 0, 1. This verifies a conjecture of Srinivas.We also verify Bloch's conjecture for singular surfaces assuming it holds for smooth surfaces. As a byproduct, we give an application to projective modules on certain singular affine surfaces.
Local left invertibility for operator tuples and noncommutative localizations
Authors: Dosiev Anar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the paper we propose an operator approach to the noncommutative Taylor localization problem based on the local left invertibility for operator tuples acting on a Fréchet space. We prove that the canonical homomorphismof the universal enveloping algebraof a nilpotent Lie algebrainto its Arens-Michael envelopeis the Taylor localization wheneverhas normal growth.
Simplicial homotopy in semi-abelian categories
Authors: der Linden Tim Van 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe study Quillen's model category structure for homotopy of simplicial objects in the context of Janelidze, Márki and Tholen's semi-abelian categories. This model structure exists as soon as is regular Mal'tsev and has enough regular projectives; then the fibrations are the Kan fibrations of S. When, moreover, is semi-abelian, weak equivalences and homology isomorphisms coincide.
Comparison of duodenal flow and digestibility in fauna-free sheep inoculated with Holotrich protozoa,Entodiniummonofauna or total mixed protozoa population
Authors: Ivan M. 
Published: September 2008

The present results are the last part of a series of experiments conducted in this laboratory on metabolism of major individual rumen ciliate protozoa species and their combinations in sheep. These species were inoculated into the rumen of fauna-free (FF) sheep to study digestibility of dietary fibre and duodenal flow of N. Sixteen rumen- and duodenum-cannulated FF sheep were divided into four equal groups and used in the present experiment. One group remained FF, while the other three were each inoculated intraruminally with the Holotrich protozoa sp. (HT),Entodiniumsp. (EN) or total mixed fauna (TF). In comparison with the FF group, the HT did not affect (P>0·05) the duodenal flow of non-NH3-N and bacterial-N, while the flow was decreased (P < 0·05) by both the EN and TF populations. The digestibility of fibre was increased (P < 0·05) by both the EN and TF populations, but the results for the HT group were mostly similar to those for the FF sheep. The fibre digestibility in the stomach for TF was intermediate between that for EN and FF. It was concluded that except when fed high-carbohydrate diets, the presence in the rumen of the HT protozoa are of no significant value or major detriment to ruminant production.
ANGLO-MOROCCAN RELATIONS AND THE EMBASSY OF AḤMAD QARDANASH, 1706–1708
Authors: BROWN J. A. O. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTLocal conditions and responses to European expansion were important in the ‘interactive emergence of European domination’. However, the comparative lack of sources has tended to obscure what these were. In the early eighteenth century, Morocco was responding to the growth of English power in the Mediterranean; new sources presented here show how ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥamāmī, one of Sultan Mawlāy Ismāʿīl's most powerful ministers, tried to co-operate with the English in order to manage their influence and consolidate his own political position. This offered them a potential means to overcome the obstacles that, compared to the North African regencies, made Morocco resistant to European political and economic influence. These efforts, however, were thwarted by a combination of factors. With al-Ḥamāmī's political credibility threatened, the development of co-operation between the English and a section of the Moroccan elite was undermined, leaving the fundamental dynamics of Anglo-Moroccan relations unchanged.
THOMAS CARLYLE, ‘YOUNG IRELAND’ AND THE ‘CONDITION OF IRELAND QUESTION’*
Authors: MORROW JOHN 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis article reconsiders Thomas Carlyle's views on the crisis facing Ireland in the 1840s and British responses to it. It argues that while Carlyle saw this crisis as being related to difficulties facing contemporary ‘English’ society, he treated it as a distinctive manifestation of a malaise that afflicted all European societies. Carlyle's views on Ireland reflected the illiberal and authoritarian attitudes which underwrote his social and political thought, but they were not, as has sometimes been suggested, premised on anti-Irish prejudices derived from racial stereotypes. An examination of Carlyle's writings on Ireland demonstrate that he attributed the parlous state of that country in the 1840s to widespread failures in leadership and social morality that were not unique to the inhabitants of Ireland and were also to be found in England. Carlyle's works were not only admired by leading members of ‘Young Ireland’, but also generated ideas that framed their response to the economic, social, and political challenges facing Ireland.
Linear and nonlinear properties of an obliquely propagating dust magnetosonic wave
Authors: MASOOD W. , SHAH H. A. , MUSHTAQ A. , SALIMULLAH M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLinear and nonlinear properties of the two-dimensional obliquely propagating dust magnetosonic wave are studied in a three-component dusty plasma. The dispersion relations in the linear and Kadomstev–Petviashvili (KP) equation in the nonlinear regime are derived for small-amplitude perturbations. It is shown that the linear dispersion properties of the low-frequency dust magnetosonic wave depend on the angle θ that the magnetic field makes with thex-axis, the ratio of ion to electron concentration, and the plasma beta. It is found that retaining the electron pressure term gives rise to novel features in the dust magnetosonic wave. The slow magnetosonic wave is found to be the damped mode and, therefore, the only propagating mode in our system is the fast magnetosonic mode. It is found that the KP equation admits compressive solitary structures. Finally, it is found that the amplitude of the soliton increases as the ratio of electron to ion concentration,p, angle θ, and the plasma beta, β, is increased.
How does home language influence early spellings? Phonologically plausible errors of diglossic Malay children
Authors: JALIL SAJLIA BINTE , RICKARD LIOW SUSAN J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTDiglossia, or the use of two forms of a language in a single speech community, is widespread. Differences between the nonstandard form, used for everyday conversations, and the standard form, used for formal occasions and writing, often extend to phonology as well as grammar and vocabulary. Most preschoolers from diglossic families are routinely exposed to the colloquial nonstandard form during conversations at home because the social setting determines the form their parents use. If early spellings are speech based, exposure to nonstandard phonology should influence the kinds of errors diglossic children make. We investigated this prediction in Rumi Malay that, unlike English, has unambiguous phonology–orthography mappings. For Study 1, two spelling tests (51 words, 26 nonwords) were dictated withstandard Malaypronunciation. For words, but not nonwords, the diglossic Singaporean children (N= 52, mean age = 6.5 years) made vowel errors that are consistent with thenonstandard Malaypronunciation they use at home. Study 2 confirmed that these errors are rare for equally proficient Malay spellers from Indonesia who speak standard Malay at home. These results are interpreted as strong evidence for the view that beginners' spellings are based on phonological redintegration of their own speech-based representations.
Is overt repetition critical to expressive word learning? The role of overt repetition in word learning with and without semantics
Authors: ABBS BRANDON , GUPTA PRAHLAD , KHETARPAL NAVEEN 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTFive experiments examined whether overt repetition (i.e., saying a word aloud) during exposure is critical to the expressive learning of new words. When participants did not engage in overt repetition during exposure, they nevertheless exhibited clear expressive learning, both with and without an accompanying semantics, indicating that overt repetition is not critical to expressive word learning. In addition, learning without overt repetition did not differ from learning with overt repetition, suggesting that overt repetition confers no benefit for learning in this situation. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies, and it is suggested that benefits of repetition may accrue primarily in second language rather than in first language word learning.
The acquisition of tense in English: Distinguishing child second language from first language and specific language impairment
Authors: PARADIS JOHANNE , RICE MABEL L. , CRAGO MARTHA , MARQUIS JANET 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis study reports on a comparison of the use and knowledge of tense-marking morphemes in English by first language (L1), second language (L2), and specific language impairment (SLI) children. The objective of our research was to ascertain whether the L2 children's tense acquisition patterns were similar or dissimilar to those of the L1 and SLI groups, and whether they would fit an (extended) optional infinitive profile, or an L2-based profile, for example, the missing surface inflection hypothesis. Results showed that the L2 children had a unique profile compared with their monolingual peers, which was better characterized by the missing surface inflection hypothesis. At the same time, results reinforce the assumption underlying the (extended) optional infinitive profile that internal constraints on the acquisition of tense could be a component of L1 development, with and without SLI.
Isometry groups of separable metric spaces
Authors: MALICKI MACIEJ , SOLECKI SŁAWOMIR 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe show that every locally compact Polish group is isomorphic to the isometry group of a proper separable metric space. This answers a question of Gao and Kechris. We also analyze the natural action of the isometry group of a separable ultrametric space on the space. This leads us to a structure theorem representing an arbitrary separable ultrametric space as a bundle with an ultrametric base and with ultrahomogeneous fibers which are invariant under the action of the isometry group.
Nonlinear Dynamics in the Geosciences
Authors: Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: September 2008

In the past, “nonlinearity” has been used as the catchall phrase to describe processes in the geosciences that we could not understand, and is often used in this manner in current peer‐reviewed literature and conference presentations. My graduate students often complain that their professors (me included) use nonlinearity to avoid answering difficult questions.However, during the course of the past 20 years there have been significant breakthroughs in our understanding of nonlinear dynamics that have been enabled by advances in high‐speed computing but that reach far beyond simply solving nonlinear equations numerically. Understanding how regime transitions are possible without a change in the governing law is perhaps one of the best examples of how nonlinear dynamics has improved our understanding of geophysical phenomena.
Human Missions to Mars: Enabling Technologies for Exploring the Red Planet
Authors: Crawford Ian 
Published: September 2008

In January 2004, President George W. Bush announced the new “Vision for Space Exploration,” which has refocused U.S. human spaceflight policy away from low‐Earth orbit and toward the exploration of the Moon and Mars. While the technological requirements to return people to the Moon are well understood (after all, the Apollo program had people on the Moon almost 40 years ago), the proposed missions to Mars will be much more challenging.In this book, Donald Rapp, a former senior research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), sets out to provide a critical assessment of the requirements for human missions to Mars from an engineering perspective. He argues, I am sure correctly, that this will prove to be a much more difficult task than is sometimes implied by the more optimistic Mars exploration advocates at NASA and elsewhere.
A novel ecological role of the Firmicutes identified in thermophilic microbial fuel cells
Authors: Wrighton Kelly C , Agbo Peter , Warnecke Falk , Weber Karrie A , Brodie Eoin L , DeSantis Todd Z , Hugenholtz Philip , Andersen Gary L , Coates John D 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Significant effort is currently focused on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a source of renewable energy. Most studies concentrate on operation at mesophilic temperatures. However, anaerobic digestion studies have reported on the superiority of thermophilic operation and demonstrated a net energy gain in terms of methane yield. As such, our studies focused on MFC operation and microbiology at 55 °C. Over a 100-day operation, these MFCs were stable and achieved a power density of 37 mW m−2 with a coulombic efficiency of 89%. To infer activity and taxonomic identity of dominant members of the electricity-producing community, we performed phylogenetic microarray and clone library analysis with small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA). The results illustrated the dominance (80% of clone library sequences) of the Firmicutes in electricity production. Similarly, rRNA sequences from Firmicutes accounted for 50% of those taxa that increased in relative abundance from current-producing MFCs, implying their functional role in current production. We complemented these analyses by isolating the first organisms from a thermophilic MFC. One of the isolates, a Firmicutes Thermincola sp. strain JR, not only produced more current than known organisms (0.42 mA) in an H-cell system but also represented the first demonstration of direct anode reduction by a member of this phylum. Our research illustrates the importance of using a variety of molecular and culture-based methods to reliably characterize bacterial communities. Consequently, we revealed a previously unidentified functional role for Gram-positive bacteria in MFC current generation.
Phenotypic and genetic diversification of Pseudanabaena spp. (cyanobacteria)
Authors: Acinas Silvia G , Haverkamp Thomas H A , Huisman Jef , Stal Lucas J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Pseudanabaena species are poorly known filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacteria closely related to Limnothrix. We isolated 28 Pseudanabaena strains from the Baltic Sea (BS) and the Albufera de Valencia (AV; Spain). By combining phenotypic and genotypic approaches, the phylogeny, diversity and evolutionary diversification of these isolates were explored. Analysis of the in vivo absorption spectra of the Pseudanabaena strains revealed two coexisting pigmentation phenotypes: (i) phycocyanin-rich (PC-rich) strains and (ii) strains containing both PC and phycoerythrin (PE). Strains of the latter phenotype were all capable of complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA). About 65 kb of the Pseudanabaena genomes were sequenced through a multilocus sequencing approach including the sequencing of the16 and 23S rRNA genes, the ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1), the cpcBA operon encoding PC and the IGS between cpcA and cpcB. In addition, the presence of nifH, one of the structural genes of nitrogenase, was investigated. Sequence analysis of ITS and cpcBA-IGS allowed the differentiation between Pseudanabaena isolates exhibiting high levels of microdiversity. This multilocus sequencing approach revealed specific clusters for the BS, the AV and a mixed cluster with strains from both ecosystems. The latter comprised exclusively CCA phenotypes. The phylogenies of the 16 and 23S rRNA genes are consistent, but analysis of other loci indicated the loss of substructure, suggesting that the recombination between these loci has occurred. Our preliminary results on population genetic analyses of the PC genes suggest an evolutionary diversification of Pseudanabaena through purifying selection.
Spirituality in the Flesh
Authors: Fuller Robert C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This book examines the biological underpinnings of religion. We can only experience, the book argues, what our bodies allow us to experience. As a consequence, religious thought and feeling are heavily influenced by our sensory organs, emotional programs, sexual sensibilities, and the neural structure of our brains. Studying “spirituality in the flesh” opens up new and exciting agendas for understanding the nature and value of human religiosity. This exploration of embodied spirituality establishes middle ground between the explanations of religion typically made by either scientists or humanists. The book takes most scientific interpreters to task for failing to understand the inherently cultural aspects of embodied experience, even as he chides most religion scholars for ignoring new knowledge about the biological substrates of human thought and behavior. Each chapter takes up a different facet of embodied experience and shows the ways it helps us understand just how and why humans reconstruct their worlds in religious ways. Emotional programs such as fear or wonder, altered consciousness, sexuality, pain, and spatial orientation to the environment provide critical categories that are used to interpret selected episodes in American religious history. Topics as diverse as apocalypticism, nature religion, Native American peyotism, and the sexual experimentalism found in 19th‐century communal societies illustrate how the study of spirituality in the flesh enriches our appreciation of religion.
Mark–recapture studies and demography
Authors: Cordero-Rivera Adolfo , Stoks Robby 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPopulation ecologists track wild animals over their lifetimes using mark-recapture methods. Odonates are easily marked and remain near water bodies, allowing for high recapture rates. In recent years, the focus in mark-recapture models has switched from population size estimates to survival and recapture rate estimation, and from testing hypotheses to model selection and inference. This chapter presents a review of the literature on mark-recapture studies, with a suggestion of areas where more research is needed. These include the effect of marking on survival and recapture rates, differences in survival between sexes and female colour morphs, the relative importance of processes in the larval and the adult stage in driving population dynamics, and the contribution of local and regional processes in shaping metapopulation dynamics.
Dragonflies as focal organisms in contemporary conservation biology
Authors: Samways Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems worldwide are highly threatened. As a consequence, many dragonfly species are also threatened. The threats to them are many and varied, including invasive alien plants and habitat loss. Global climate change is also beginning to affect them, with some species changing their geographical ranges. Worldwide assessments are being made of dragonfly conservation status. They are one of the highest profile invertebrates in conservation awareness, planning, and action. One reason for this is that they are highly valued, being iconic, aesthetic, and sensitive bioindicators of landscape change. They are both important subjects in their own right as well as important role players in overall biodiversity conservation.
Valuing dragonflies as service providers
Authors: Simaika John P. , Samways Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractValuing the services provided by ecosystems and their components is emerging as a new, practical tool for conservation of biodiversity. One such framework for quantifying those components of biodiversity and their attributes, which are important for the diversity of ecosystem services, is the Service Providing Unit (SPU). This framework provides a conceptual link between ecosystem services and the role of populations of different species in providing these services. Dragonflies provide several ecosystem services to humanity at the population level. Their role as SPUs encompasses most of the 28 ecosystem services, directly or indirectly, as recognized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, in the categories of provisioning, cultural, supporting, and regulating services. Service provision by dragonflies can be quantified, for example, in pest control and riparian restoration. As the SPU concept, as a value metric, has considerable currency with dragonflies, there is merit in investigating its application to other invertebrate taxa and ecosystems.
Evolution of morphological defences
Authors: Johansson Frank , Mikolajewski Dirk Johannes 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the ecology and evolution of morphological defences in animals and plants may help us to understand and protect biodiversity. Several species of dragonfly larvae express lateral and dorsal abdominal spines. In some species these spines seem to be fixed, and in others they are induced by the presence of predatory fish. Larger spines are adaptations to reduce predation risk by fish, but incur a cost because large spines are associated with a higher predation risk by invertebrate predators. The difference in vulnerability to different predators has the potential to affect temporal and spatial variation in the morphology of dragonfly larvae, and may ultimately result in speciation. Future focus on the joint evolution of correlated defensive traits such as morphology and behaviour and their plasticity might be fruitful for a better understanding of the development of animal diversity.
Sexual size dimorphism: patterns and processes
Authors: Serrano-Meneses Martín Alejandro , Córdoba-Aguilar Alex , Székely Tamás 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOdonates provide excellent model organisms for testing functional explanations of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) because of their wide variety of habitats, morphology, development, feeding behaviour, and mating strategies. This chapter discusses three major functional hypotheses of SSD and uses data on 133 odonate species to describe their patterns of SSD. It shows that SSD centres around monomorphism in dragonflies, whereas SSD is mostly male-biased in damselflies. Interestingly, phylogenetic comparative analyses suggest that damselflies — but not dragonflies — exhibit allometry consistent with Rensch's rule. Sexual selection acts mainly on males, whereas fecundity selection appears to influence female body size. Further tests, however, are essential, in particular of fecundity selection and the differential niche-utilization.
Directed Random Growth Models on the Plane
Authors: Seppäläinen Timo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter discusses random growth models describing the evolution of an interface in the plane. For specific models, three basic questions are discussed. First, under appropriate scaling, what is the limiting shape of the interface and what is the partial differential equation governing its evolution? Second, how can random fluctuations around the limit behaviour be described? Third, how can atypical behaviour be characterized? The power of probabilistic tools is demonstrated by employing laws of large numbers, central limit theorems, and large deviation techniques to answer these questions, respectively.