bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Effects of Benzquinamide in Man
Authors: Kingston R. S. , Heueich A. E. , Thomas J. S. , Steen S. N. 
Published: January 2009

Benzquinamide HC1, a new antiemetic agent, was studied in twelve healthy volunteers. Each subject received intravenously both benzquinamide (0.7 mg/kg) and placebo in a randomized, double–blind crossover manner. Cardiac output and arterial pressure, arterial blood gases, respiration (tidal volume and rate), and oxygen consumption were measured twice before drug administration and at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after injection. Intra–arterial pressure increased significantly (P<0.005) at 5 min (12.6%) and 10 min (8.5%) following benzquinamide. Likewise, peripheral vascular resistance increased significantly (P<0.005) at 5 min (14.3%) and 10 min (8.8%) post–injection. Cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate remained essentially unchanged. A significant increase (P< 0.025) in respiratory rate was observed at 10 min (8.7%) and 20 min (12.6%) following benzquinamide. Values for the arterial Pco2, Pco2, and pH showed no significant changes. It is considered that the effect of benzquinamide in increasing intraarterial pressure is due to the increased peripheral vascular resistance.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBenzquinamid HCL, ein neues Antiemetikum, wurde an 12 gesunden freiwilligen Versuchspersonen erprobt. Jeder Proband erhielt im Rahmen eines “doppelten Blindversuches” intravenös Benzquinamid (0,7 mg/kg) und Placebo. Herzleistung und arterieller Druk, arterielle Blutgase, Atmung (Atemvolumen und Atemfrequent) und Sauerstoffverhrauch wurden zweimal vor und 5, 10, 20 und 30 Minuten nach der Injektion bestimmt. Der intraarterielle Druck war 5 (12,6 %) und 10 Minuten (8,5 %) nach der Gahe von Benzquinamid signifikant (P< 0.005) erhöht. Der periphere Widerstand war in gleicher Weise 5 (14,3 %) und 10 Minuten (8,8 %) nach der Injektion signifikant (P< 0.005) erhäht. Herzleistung, Schlagvolumen und Herzfrequenz zeigten keine Veränderungen. Ein signifikanter Anstieg (P< 0,025) der Atmungsfrequenz wurde 10 (8,7 % und 20 Minuten (12,6 %) nach Benzquinamidgabe heobachtet. Der arterielle Po2 Pco2 und pH zeigten keine signifikantcn Underschiede. Es wird in Betracht gezogen, das der Effekt das Benzquinamids, ein Anstieg des intraarteriellen Druckes auf einen Anstieg des peripheren vasculären Widerstandes zurüchzufuhren ist.
Ketamine–Pancuronium Induction in Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Lilleaasen P. , Aune H. , Stovner J. 
Published: January 2009

In 15 patients with severe aortic stenosis who were to undergo aortic valve replacement, the induction sequence ketamine followed by pancuronium caused a 25% rise in systolic blood pressure. In a similar series, the induction sequence diazepam + morphine followed by pancuronium caused a 22% fall in systolic blood pressure. This shows that the blood pressure rise caused by ketamine is not blocked by pancuronium, although pancuronium may possibly modify the cardiovascular responses to this drug.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei 15 Patienten mit schwerer Aortrnytrnose, bei denen ein Aortenklappenersatz vorgesehen war, führte die Einleitungssequenz Ketamin gefolgt von Pancuronium zu einem 25% igen Anstieg des Systemblutdruckes. In einer ähnlichen Serie bewirkte die Einleitnngssequenz Diazepam und Morphin gefolgt von Pancuronium einen Blutdruckabfall um 22%. Dies zeigt, daß dcr durch Ketamin verursachte Blutdruckanstieg nicht durch Pancuronium blockiert wird, obwohl Pancuronium die kardiovaskulären Auswirkungen dieses Mittels möglicherweise modifizieren kann.
Effects of Hypothermia and Hyperthermia on Brain Energy Metabolism
Authors: Nilsson L. , Kogure K. , Busto R. 
Published: January 2009

The influence of elevated and reduced body temperatures upon the metabolic state of the brain was evaluated from the tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr) ATP, ADP and AMP and from the concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate in immobilized and artificially ventilated rats anesthetized with 70% N2O. The results were compared to the results obtained in normothermic animals.It was found that rats with body temperatures of 32d̀ and 22d̀C had the same brain tissue concentrations of high energy phosphates and the same adenylate energy charge as the controls, but hypothermia led to a progressive decrease of both cerebral and arterial lactate and pyruvate concentrations. A metabolic acidosis but no excess lactate appeared in the blood. At a body temperature of 42d̀C, the metabolic pattern in the brain agreed with a state of hypoxia at a time when there was no sign of substrate depletion. Arterial blood showed excess lactate which may indicate an inadequacy of the oxygen supply also to other tissues.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Einfluß erhohter und verminderter Körpertemperatur auf den Stoffwechsel des Gehirns wurde nach den Gewebskonzentrationen der PCr, ATP, ADP und AMP, sowie aus den Konzentrationen von Glukose, Laktat und Pyrovat bei immobilisierten, künstlich ventilierten Ratten unter Narkose mit 70% N2O bewertet. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den bei normothermen Tieren erhobenen verglichen.Wir fanden, daß Ratten mit Körpertemperaturen von 32°C und 22°C die gleichen Konzentrationen hochenergetischer Phosphate im Gehirngewehe aufweisen und die gleiche Energieladung von Adenylaten wie die Kontrollen, daß die Hypothermie jedoch zu einer fortsclireitenden Abnahme sowohl der zerebralen als auch der arteriellen Laktat‐ und Pyrovatkonzentrationen führte. Im Blut zeigte sich eine metabolischc Azidose, aber kein Laktatüberschuß. Bei einer Körpertemperatur von 42°C entsprach das Stoffwechselmuster im Gehirn dem eines hypoxischen Zustandes schon zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem keine Anzeichen eines Suhstratmangels vorlagen. Im arteriellen Blut fand sich ein Laktatüberschuß, was darauf hinzuweiscn schien, daß die Sauerstoffversorgung auch anderer Gewebe unzureichend war.
Influence of Glucagon on Systolic Time Intervals During Induction of Anaesthesia with Barbiturate
Authors: Ibler M. , Dalsgaard M. 
Published: January 2009

The systolic time intervals and calculated parameters of PEP/LVET (pre‐injection period/left ventricular ejection time‐ratio) and 1/PEP2before and after induction of anaesthesia with the barbiturate enibomal (Narcodorm®) were studied non‐invasively in eight surgical patients after pre‐treatment with a bolus dose of glucagon.The mean difference between the PEP/LVET‐ratio before and after induction was 0.06, and the mean difference between 1/PEP2before and after induction was ‐8. The corresponding values in the control group consisting of 12 patients were 0.09 and ‐28, respectively, suggesting a somewhat greater depression of cardiac function in this group. However, no statistically significant difference at the 5% level was found between changes in the glucagon group and controls. The influence of barbiturates and glucagon on cardiac function is discussed.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei 8 chirurgischen Patienten wurden nach Vorbehandlung niit einer Bolus‐Dosis von GIukagon die Systolen‐Zeitintervalle und die berechneten Parameter PEP/LVET und l/PEP2vor und nach Narkoseeinleitung mit dem Barbiturat Enibomal (Narcodorma™) mittels einer nicht‐invasiven Technik untersucht.Der mittlere Unterschied zwischen den PEP/LVET‐Verhältnissen vor und nach Narkosecinleitung war 0,06, die mittlere Differenz zwischen den l/PEP2‐Werten vor und nach der Einleitung ‐8. Die korrespondierenden Werte in der Kontrollgruppe waren 0,09 bzw. ‐ 28, was auf eine etwas stärkere Depression der Herzfunktion in dieser Gruppe hinweist. Einstatistisch gesicherter Unterschied von p< 0,05 zwischen den Veränderungen in der Glukagongruppe und denen der Kontrollgruppe wurde allerdings nicht gefunden. Der Einfluß von Barbituraten und von Glukagon auf die Herzfunktion wird diskutiert.
Evaluation of Impedance Cardiography as a Non‐Invasive Means of Measuring Systolic Time Intervals and Cardiac Output
Authors: Rasmussen J. P. , Sørensen B. , Kann T. 
Published: January 2009

Impedance cardiography was used for non‐invasive determinations of systolic time intervals (STI) and cardiac output. The results were compared with simultaneously obtained invasive measurements of STI from central aortic pressure curves and of cardiac output using the dye‐dilution technique.The study was performed on eight dogs during increasing halothane concentration. A close correlation was found between non‐invasively and invasively measured left ventricular ejection time = LVET (r = 0.986) and pre‐ejection period = PEP (r = 0.948).Measurements of cardiac output derived from changes in thoracic impedance were determined 1) using a fixed value of ρ (ρ = the resistivity of blood) and 2) using an individual value of ρ based on the actual hematocrits. When compared to cardiac outputs obtained by dye‐dilution the correlation coefficients were r = 0.806 and r = 0.816, respectively.Impedance cardiography is a useful method of evaluating changes in cardiac output. The method permits simultaneous observations of changes in STI and cardiac output as an index of cardiac function.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGImpedanz‐Kardiographie wurde zur nicht‐invasiven Bestimmung des Systolenzeitintervalls und des Herzminutenvolumens herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit gleichzeitig durchgeführten invasiven Messungen des Systolenzeitintervalls aus zentralen Aortendruck‐Kurven und des HMV mittels der Farbstoffverdunnüngsmethode vcrglichen.Die Untersuchung wurde an 8 Hunden unter steigenden Konzentrationen von Halothan vorgenommen. Man fand eine enge Korrelation zwischen nichtinvasiv und invasiv gemessener Auswurfzeit des linken Ventrikels = LVET (r = 0,986) und Vorauswurfs‐periode = PEP (r = 0,948).Messungen des HMV abgeleitet aus Vcränderungen der Thoraximpedanz wurden einerseits unter Verwendung cines Fixwertes von p (p = die Resistivität des Blutes), andererseits unter Verwendung eines auf dem aktuellen Hämatokrit besierenden Wcrtes von p durchgeführt. Beim Vergleich zu den mittels Farbverdünnung gewonnenen Werten für die Herzminuten‐volumina ergaben sich Korrelationskoeffizienten von r = 0,806 bzw. r = 0,816.Die Impedanz‐Kardiographie ist eine brauchbare Methode zur Bewertung von Veranderungen des HMV. Die Methode gestattet die gleichzeitige Beobachtung von Änderungen des Systolenzeitintervals und des HMV als einen Index für die Herzfunktiori.
Jet Ventilation for Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy under General Anesthesia
Authors: Smith R. Brian , Lindholm Carl‐Eric , Klain M. 
Published: January 2009

An oxygen jet method of ventilating patients during laryngoscopy has been applied to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. A 3.5 mm plastic tube 24.5 cm long was inserted into the trachea through the mouth. An intermittent jet of oxygen at 3.5 atm (50psi) was applied to this tube using a 1.5 mm ID plastic catheter to ventilate the patient. Anesthesia was accomplished with intravenous thiamylal and Innovar®. The patients were paralyzed with continuous succinylcholine. The technique has subsequently been used without complications in more than 1,000 patients.A fluidic ventilator was developed for delivering and controlling the oxygen jet. The airway pressure can be monitored continuously and, by the use of fluidic devices, the jet can be set to cut off automatically if the airway pressure is too high.The above technique for laryngoscopy with the fluidic ventilator was used in 28 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (Olympus 5.7 mm diameter). The airway pressure was continuously monitored with a line attached to the suction port of the bronchoscope. Arterial Pco, ranged from 23 to 42 mmHg and Po2 from 105 to 325 mmHg. The high Po, levels were maintained even during suctioning.General anesthesia for fiberoptic bronchoscopy can be performed using an endotracheal tube not smaller than 8 mm internal diameter (ID). The advantages of the oxygen jet technique are that it can be used in smaller patients and that the upper airway can be examined.
Anesthetic Management of Posterior Fossa Surgery in the Sitting Position
Authors: Albin.M.D. Maurice S. , Babinski Maciej , Maroon Joseph C. , Jannetta Peter J. 
Published: January 2009

From the surgical aspect, the sitting position gives good surgical access to the operative site, improves venous drainage, gives a better view of facial area for monitoring evoked responses from cranial nerve stimulation and allows for better ventilation. Conversely, the sitting position can present complications such as air emboli, postural hypotension and serious cardiac arrhythmias due to surgical stimulation of cranial nerves and brainstem.This paper presents our clinical experience in 180 neurosurgical procedures on the posterior fossa in the sitting position. The standardized anesthetic technique consisted of narcotic, muscle relaxant, nitrous oxide and controlled ventilation. All patients were monitored with EGG, direct arterial and venous pressure, discontinuous blood gases, and expiratory CO2 and urinary output. Air embolism was detected via Doppler ultrasonic detector and evacuated through a right atrial catheter.Air was detected, visualized and aspirated in 45 cases for an incidence of 25%, with most episodes occurring early in the procedure. In 11 cases(6%) air was detected on closure. There were no deaths in this series.Fifty‐eight patients (32%) had a 10–20 mmHg drop in blood pressure on reaching the sitting position, 19 became temporarily hypertensive (10.5%), and the remainder were normotensive. In 46 patients (25%), bradycardia developed during retraction‐manipulation‐stimulation of structures on or adjacent to brain‐stem as well as to cranial nerves. Surgical stress also accounted for the 13 patients(7%) having frequent premature ventricular extrasystoles. One case of profound hypotension and another case of virtual cardiac standstill were noted during the use of the bipolar electrocautery at or near the fifth nerve exit from brainstem. Additional hemodynamic data, the physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of air embolism is discussed.
Anesthesia for Cesarean Section IV
Authors: Magno R. , Berlin A. , Karlsson K. , Kjellmer I. 
Published: January 2009

Epidural analgesia with bupivacaine was used for elective cesarean section, and repeated maternal and neonatal blood samples were collected over 24 h for calculation of drug concentration. A gas‐chromatographic micro‐method was used for the analysis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the placental transfer and the elimination rate of the drug.No signs of systemic toxicity were observed in any mother or child, despite relatively high blood concentrations. The fetal‐maternal ratio of concentrations at delivery was higher than in previous studies, most probably due to the protein‐binding characteristics of bupivacaine and the dosage used. The biological half‐life of the rapid phase of elimination (a‐phase) in the newborn was shorter than in the mother (P < 0.002), indicating a more rapid distribution process. The half‐life of the slow phase of elimination (β‐phase) in the newborn was of the same magnitude as in the mother, indicating that neonatal elimination processes of bupivacaine may be well developed at birth.
Comparison of Haemodynamic Effects of Pethidine and Anileridine in Patients with Coronary‐Artery Disease
Authors: Tuominen Marjatta , Heinonen J. , Heikkilä J. 
Published: January 2009

The circulatory effects of anileridine, a derivative of pethidine, have been little studied. Therefore we compared the haemodynamic effects of equianalgesic doses of pethidine (1 mg/kg i.v.) and anileridine(0.25 mg/kg) in matched patients requiring myocardial revascularization.Cardiac output was significantly increased 5 min after the administration of pethidine, mainly due to an increase in heart rate. A transient rise in the systolic pulmonary‐arterial pressure was found after anileridine. No remarkable changes were found in systemic arterial pressures, central venous pressure, balloon‐occluded pulmonary‐arterial pressure, stroke volume, systemic or pulmonary vascular resistances and derived oxygen consumption. Further, 20 min after drug administration, there were no significant differences in any circulatory parameters between the two groups. One patient developed acute cardiac failure after anileridine, though as he had very severe coronary heart disease it remains an open question whether this was spontaneous or drug‐induced.Since the rate‐pressure product tended to increase after pethidine, this drug may not be considered an ideal analgesic for patients with ischaemic heart disease. Anileridine had less influence on this variable. Since the circulatory effects of pethidine seem to depend on the haemodynamic status of the patient, the haemodynamic properties of anileridine may also deserve further investigation.
Respiration and Circulation after Total Hip Replacement Surgery
Authors: >Modig Jan 
Published: January 2009

The cardiopulmonary effects of two different types of postoperative analgesic regimens were compared in 31 cardiorespiratorily healthy patients subjected to total hip replacement surgery. The investigation was performed preoperatively on the morning of the day of surgery and during the first 3 days postoperatively. All patients received continuous lumbar epidural analgesia preoperatively, during surgery and up to the end of the first measurement period, which started 2.5 h after surgery. Ten patients were subsequently given pentazocine (Fortalgesic®) intramuscularly on demand for pain relief throughout the investigation, while 14 patients received 0.4% plain lidocaine (Xylocain®), and seven patients 0.4% lidocaine with adrenaline (1/400,000) as a continuous lumbar epidural drip for analgesia throughout the investigation.It was confirmed that the operative procedure itself did not significantly influence the postoperative arterial oxygenation, while the type of postoperative analgesic regimen was of considerable importance in this respect. Thus, patients given pentazocine showed a significant increase in pulmonary venous admixture, due both to an increase in true shunt and to an increase in ventilation/perfusion disturbances. This pattern, of poor pulmonary function still persisted on the third postoperative day, and caused a significant decrease in Pao, during days 1 to 3 postoperatively. In patients given an epidural block no significant changes in pulmonary venous admixture were noted postoperatively, and thus there was no reduction in Pao2. All patients, irrespective of the type of analgesic regimen used, had a significantly increased cardiac index and oxygen uptake postoperatively, although patients given an epidural block showed a greater increase in cardiac index, and thus a tendency towards a more hyperkinetic circulation than those given pentazocine.
Arrhythmias during Halothane Anesthesia I: The Influence of Atropine During Induction with Intubation
Authors: Eikard Bent , Sørensen Birgit 
Published: January 2009

The changes in cardiac rhythm which occurred during induction of halothane‐N2O/O2 anesthesia with thiopenthal and one single dose of suxamethonium for intubation were studied in two groups of patients, one (at random) of which was given atropine intravenously 0.1 mg/10 kg 2 min before induction.There was a significantly higher incidence of arrhythmias in the atropine group (P < 0.01) ‐ including sinustachycardia ® 120 beats/min.The most common arrhythmias were supra ventricular ectopies. About half of those registered in the atropine group arose in direct connection with atropine administration. There was a relative accumulation of arrhythmias in connection with intubation in both groups. Ventricular ectopies were only observed during and immediately after intubation, and most often in the atropine group. The occurrence of arrhythmias was not age‐dependent.The cardioacceleration following intubation was significantly higher in the atropine group (P<0.01). No consistent changes in blood pressure as the result of the change in cardiac rhythm were observed in connection with the single arrhythmia episode or following atropine. On the other hand, no advantage could be seen in the use of the drug, and the cardioacceleration which is inherent in its action may be injurious to patients with a limited cardiac reserve.
Effects of Halothane on the Metabolism of Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: Bennis Jarl , Olson Jim , Smith Ulf 
Published: January 2009

The metabolism of specimens of human adipose tissue exposed to different concentrations of halothane was studied. Halothane was added to the incubation medium directly or via the gas phase above the medium. The basal lipolysis was significantly increased by low concentrations of halothane. Higher concentrations clearly diminished the lipolysis, but here, in spite of the inhibitory effect on the basal lipolysis, the lipolytic effect of noradrenaline expressed as percent increment was increased. The rate of lipid synthesis from glucose was reduced when halothane was present in the gas phase. The effect of insulin on glucose metabolism was not affected by the presence of halothane, while the antilipolytic action was abolished by high concentrations of halothane.The results show that halothane may exert dual effects on the mobilization of lipids from human adipose tissue; at low concentrations halothane enhances the basal lipolysis, while at higher concentrations it exerts inhibitory effects.
Respiratory Depressant Action of Tilidine during N2O+O2, Anaesthesia
Authors: Tammisto Tapani , Tigerstedt Irma 
Published: January 2009

The respiratory depressant actions of pethidine and tilidine during anaesthesia were compared in 18 surgical patients anaesthetized with N2O + O2 after thiopental induction. Five minutes after thiopental, 0.5 mg/kg pethidine or 1.5 mg/kg tilidine were each given intravenously to six patients, the remaining six patients serving as controls.Minute ventilation, respiratory rate, end‐tidal CO2 and Pco2 from arterialized venous blood were measured up to 30 min. Pethidine caused the following maximal changes: 0–0.98±0.24 (s.e. mean) 1/min, rate ‐.5.5 ± 0.7/min, C02ET+0.7±0.1 vol % and Pco2 + 5.7±1.1 mm Hg. These changes occurred within 10 xnin of the injection.In terms of the above parameters, tilidine caused at least as pronounced a respiratory depression as pethidine. The peak effect of tilidine, however, could not be measured with certainty, since the respiratory depression first became apparent 15 min after the injection, and then increased throughout the study period. The long onset time of tilidine explains our previous failure to demonstrate tilidine‐induced respiratory depression.
The Hafnia A Circuit: A Valveless Non‐palluting Anaesthetic System
Authors: Thomsen A. , Jørgensen S. 
Published: January 2009

An anaesthetic circuit is described, which fulfils the following requirements: 1) It is suitable for patients of all age groups; 2) There is no expiratory resistance; 3) There is no anaesthetic gas exposure risk to operating room staff; 4) The change from spontaneous to controlled respiration can be made without the necessity of access to the patient attachment; 5) It is easy to handle and clean.The system is a modified Magill circuit, consisting of a corrugated tube with breathing bag, relief valve, and dumping valve. Gas evacuation is performed continuously through an ejector flowmeter connected to a narrow branch tube at the patient attachment.The flow requirement was calculated by analyses of the system and was investigated using 10 conscious volunteers (spontaneous respiration) and five anaesthetized patients (controlled respiration). Significant rebreathing was not seen with a fresh gas flow exceeding the basal respiratory minute volume requirement by 35%.