bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional biomass production systems –an overview with presentation of specific applications in India and Sweden
Authors: Berndes Göran , Börjesson Pål , Ostwald Madelene , Palm Matilda 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis perspective discusses multi‐functional biomass production systems, which are located, designed, integrated and managed so as to provide specific environmental services, in addition to biomass supply. Besides discussing the general concept and outlining a range of different possible applications, we present in somewhat more detail specific applications of such systems for the cases of Sweden and India. The overall conclusion is that the environmental benefits from a large‐scale establishment of multi‐functional biomass production systems could be substantial. Given that suitable mechanisms to put a premium on the provided environmental services can be identified and implemented, additional revenues can be linked to biomass production systems and this could enhance the socioeconomic attractiveness and significantly improve the competitiveness of the produced biomass on the market. The provision of additional environmental services also contributes to local sustainable development, which is in many cases a prerequisite for local support for the production systems. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Azulene‐Moiety‐Based Ligand for the Efficient Sensitization of Four Near‐Infrared Luminescent Lanthanide Cations: Nd3+, Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+
Authors: Zhang Jian , Petoud Stéphane 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe ML4 complexes formed by reaction between the bidentate azulene‐based ligand diethyl 2‐hydroxyazulene‐1,3‐dicarboxylate (HAz) and several lanthanide cations (Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR vibrational spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric titrations have revealed that four Az− ligands react with one lanthanide cation to form the ML4 complex in solution. Studies of the luminescence properties of these ML4 complexes demonstrated that Az− is an efficient sensitizer for four different near‐infrared emitting lanthanide cations (Nd3+, Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+); the resulting complexes have high quantum yield values in CH3CN. The near‐infrared emission arising from Tm3+ is especially interesting for biologic imaging and bioanalytical applications since biological systems have minimal interaction with photons at this wavelength. Hydration numbers, representing the number of water molecules bound to the lanthanide cations, were obtained through luminescence lifetime measurements and indicated that no molecules of water/solvent are bound to the lanthanide cation in the ML4 complex in solution. The four coordinated ligands protect well the central luminescent lanthanide cation against non‐radiative deactivation from solvent molecules.
Concise Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)‐Homochelidonine, (+)‐Chelamidine, (+)‐Chelidonine, (+)‐Chelamine and (+)‐Norchelidonine by a PdII‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Strategy
Authors: Fleming Matthew J. , McManus Helen A. , Rudolph Alena , Chan Walter H. , Ruiz Jérémy , Dockendorff Chris , Lautens Mark 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNew enantioselective syntheses of the B/C hexahydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (+)‐homochelidonine, (+)‐chelamidine, (+)‐chelidonine, (+)‐chelamine, and (+)‐norchelidonine are described. Our rapid and convergent route to this class of natural products involved the development and application of a PdII‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of a meso‐azabicyclic alkene with an aryl boronic acid as the key step. By screening a variety of functionalized ortho‐substituted aryl boronic acids, chiral ligands and reaction conditions we were able to prepare the requisite cis‐1‐amino‐2‐aryldihydronaphthalenes in high yield and in up to 90 % ee. Early attempts to complete the synthesis of (+)‐homochelidonine using an N‐Boc azabicyclic alkene are described in full. The successful route required a protecting group alteration followed by B ring formation and then stereoselective installation of the C‐11 syn‐hydroxy group by regioselective epoxide ring‐opening using a hydride source. Ring‐opening of the same epoxide intermediate with water ultimately led to the synthesis of (+)‐chelamidine. The same strategy was then used to synthesize the other structurally similar B/C hexahydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, (+)‐chelidonine, (+)‐chelamidine, and (+)‐norchelidonine.
Isotopic difference spectra as an aide in determining absolute configuration using vibrational optical activity: Vibrational circular dichroism of 13C‐ and 2H‐labelled nonamethoxy cyclotriveratrylene
Authors: Freedman Teresa B. , Cao Xiaolin , Luz Zeev , Zimmermann Herbert , Poupko Raphy , Nafie Laurence A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe use of isotopic difference spectra in vibrational optical activity is demonstrated as a supplemental aide in determining the absolute configuration of chiral molecules. It is shown that IR and VCD difference spectra associated with isotopic substitution observed in experimental spectra can be accurately reproduced by density functional theory calculations when the IR and VCD spectra of the original isotopomer are calculated to reasonable accuracy. Results for isotopically substituted nonamethoxy cyclotriveratrylene are presented to illustrate the degree of agreement between measured and calculated IR and VCD difference spectra for several isotopomers of this molecule. These findings highlight the utility of isotoptic substitution as an aide to verifying the determination of absolute configuration using vibrational optical activity. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations on Surface Modified Dendrimers: Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Uptake into MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kapp Timo , Francke Peter , Gust Ronald 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA series of G0 and G1 generation 1,3,5‐tris(3‐aminopropyl)benzene dendrimers surface modified with the amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), methionine (Met), aspartic acid (Asp), and diaminopropionic acid (Dap) was investigated with regard to their stability against enzymatic hydrolysis with the model enzymes papain, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and pepsin. Additionally, the cytosol of MCF‐7 cells was used to get an insight into the possible degradation in intracellular medium. The cytosol, chymotrypsin, and papain had similar activities on the tested dendrimers and efficiently cleaved methionine and phenylalanine from the surface of the dendrimers. The cellular uptake of the dendrimers into the MCF‐7 cells depended on the surface modification (Phe>Met unmodified≫Dap=Asp) and the generations (G0>G1).
Competitive Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori Type II Dehydroquinase: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and NMR Studies
Authors: Sánchez‐Sixto Cristina , Prazeres Verónica F. V. , Castedo Luis , Suh Se Won , Lamb Heather , Hawkins Alastair R. , Cañada Francisco Javier , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , González‐Bello Concepción 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral 3‐heteroaryl analogs of the known dehydroquinase inhibitor (1R,4R,5R)‐1,4,5‐trihydroxy‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylic acid (4) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori type II dehydroquinase, the third enzyme of the shikimic acid pathway. All of these compounds proved to be reversible competitive inhibitiors of this enzyme and proved to be, with the exception of nitrile 8 e, more potent than the parent inhibitor 4 (Ki=370  μM). The 2‐thienyl derivative 8 b was found to be the most potent inhibitor of the series and has a Ki value of 540 nM, which is almost seven hundred times lower than that of the parent inhibitor. The 3‐nitrothienyl derivative 8 d and 2‐furanyl derivative 8 a also had a good affinity of 1 μM. The conformation of the potent competitive inhibitor 8 b, when bound in the active site of the H. pylori enzyme, was elucidated by 1D‐selective inversion NOE, Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) and transferred NOESY NMR experiments. One of the conformations that exists in solution for the potent competitive inhibitor 2‐thienyl derivative 8 b is selected when it is bound to the active site of the enzyme. In the bound conformation derivative 8 b has the sulfur atom of its thienyl group oriented towards the double bond of the cyclohexene moiety. The large STD effects observed for the aromatic protons of 8 b show that it is the thiophene side of the ligand that makes closest contact with enzyme protons. Docking studies using GOLD3.0.1 suggest that the conformation determined by NMR allows strong lipophilic interactions with the enzyme residues Pro9, Asn10, Ile11, Gly78 and Ala 79. Competitive STD experiments carried out with high‐, medium‐ and low‐affinity ligands 8 b, 5 d and 5 f show that they all bind in the same site of Helicobacter pylori dehydroquinase.
Modeling stimulus‐driven attentional selection in dynamic natural scenes
Authors: Lázár Anna , Vidnyánszky Zoltán , Roska Tamás 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper we have developed a neuromorphic model of bottom‐up (BU) visual attentional selection. The output of a recently developed neuromorphic multi‐channel retina model has represented the input of our model. As a first step, a saliency map has been calculated for each retinal channel which, next, has been integrated into a master saliency map. Model parameters have been optimized based on human eye movement data measured during viewing dynamic natural scenes. We have tested two different strategies for weighting the channel‐specific saliency maps during integration into a master map. In the first case, channel weights have been kept constant throughout the verification measurements, whereas, in the other case, they have been updated on each frame, according to the specific properties of the visual input. Surprisingly, the constant channel weighting strategies have performed better than the continually updated ones.We have measured the model's accuracy by defining the hit ratio (concurrence) between the first few predicted locations (the most salient locations) and the measured fixation locations. Constant weighting methods have achieved ∼74% hit ratio on four predictions. For a comparison, the accidental chance for this case has been less than 20%. This pure BU approach has performed surprisingly well on dynamic natural input. Some practical applications have already been made with task‐dependent simplifications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Is Associated with Higher Hemoglobin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients, But Hepatitis B Infection Is Not
Authors: Chen Chih‐Bin , Chou Che‐Yi , Tseng Yu‐Hsiang , Huang Chiu‐Ching , Chen Walter , Shih Chuen‐Ming 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDChronic hepatitis is associated with increased hemoglobin level in patients with end‐stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to define the individual and combined influence of chronic hepatitis B and C infections on red blood cell status.METHODSA total of 524 chronic hemodialysis patients at 5 hemodialysis centers were retrospectively reviewed for the period from March 1 to June 31, 2005. The results of testing using a third‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that 345 patients (65.8%) had neither HBV nor HCV (NBC), 55 patients (10.5%) had HBV, 108 (20.6%) had HCV, and 16 (3.1%) had concurrent HBV and HCV infection (BBC). Differences between the 4 groups of patients in the parameters studied were investigated using a multivariate general linear model with the Sidak post hoc test.RESULTSThe hemoglobin and hematocrit of patients with HCV were 10.5 ± 1.6 g/dL and 31.6% ± 4.7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the 9.9 ± 1.4 g/dL and 29.7% ± 4% of NBC patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001). The erythropoietin (EPO) dose given to patients with HCV was 39.3 ± 40.3 IU/kg/week, significantly lower than the 58.1 ± 40.6 IU/kg/week for those with NBC. The results of the multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that erythropoietin dose, elevated liver functional test results, and HCV infection were major factors affecting red cell production (p < 0.001, p < 0.02, and p < 0.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONHepatitis C virus infection was associated with an increased number of red blood cells, which led to a lowering of the necessary EPO dose, whereas hepatitis B virus infection was not.
Genetic targeting of the endoderm with claudin‐6CreER
Authors: Anderson William J. , Zhou Qiao , Alcalde Victor , Kaneko Osamu F. , Blank Leah J. , Sherwood Richard I. , Guseh J. Sawalla , Rajagopal Jayaraj , Melton Douglas A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA full description of the ontogeny of the β cell would guide efforts to generate β cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The first step requires an understanding of definitive endoderm: the genes and signals responsible for its specification, proliferation, and patterning. This report describes a global marker of definitive endoderm, Claudin‐6 (Cldn6). We report its expression in early development with particular attention to definitive endoderm derivatives. To create a genetic system to drive gene expression throughout the definitive endoderm with both spatial and temporal control, we target the endogenous locus with an inducible Cre recombinase (Cre‐ERT2) cassette. Cldn6 null mice are viable and fertile with no obvious phenotypic abnormalities. We also report a lineage analysis of the fate of Cldn6‐expressing embryonic cells, which is relevant to the development of the pancreas, lung, and liver. Developmental Dynamics 237:504–512, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of psychological treatment on attentional bias in eating disorders
Authors: Shafran Roz , Lee Michelle , Cooper Zafra , Palmer Robert L. , Fairburn Christopher G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjective:The aims of these studies were (a) to investigate the relationship between attentional bias and eating disorders and (b) examine the impact of psychological treatment on attentional bias.Method:The first study compared performance on a pictorial dot probe of 82 female patients with clinical eating disorders and 44 healthy female controls. The second study compared the performance of 31 patients with eating disorder on the same task before and after receiving 20 weeks of standardized cognitive behavior therapy. Twenty‐four patients with eating disorder served as wait‐list controlsResults:With the exception of neutral shape stimuli, attentional biases for eating, shape, and weight stimuli were greater in the patient sample than the healthy controls. The second study found that attentional biases significantly reduced after active treatment only.Conclusion:Attentional biases may be an expression of the eating disorder. The question of whether such biases warrant specific intervention requires further investigation. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Transient decrease in interleukin‐7 availability arrests B lymphopoiesis during pregnancy
Authors: Bosco Nabil , Ceredig Rhodri , Rolink Antonius 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn mice, B lymphopoiesis is transiently arrested during pregnancy, and this is thought to be due to depletion of a hormone‐sensitive bone marrow precursor. In this study, combining in vitro and in vivo approaches with detailed phenotypic and functional analysis of progenitor cells, we have investigated the effects of pregnancy on mouse B cell development. Recently, we characterized a BM progenitor called early progenitor with lymphoid and myeloid potential (EPLM) which, when cultured under B cell conditions, is the immediate precursor of pre‐B1 cells. Results obtained show that during late pregnancy, B cell development was blocked at the EPLM‐to‐pre‐B1 transition. This block was associated with a lack of IL‐7 due to a down‐regulation of IL‐7 gene transcription. Moreover, we established that exogenously administered IL‐7 could rescue B lymphopoiesis in pregnant mice. We conclude that during pregnancy, rather than directly depleting a hormone‐sensitive B cell precursor, hormones dampen BM B cell development by fine‐tuning IL‐7 availability.
Polyfunctional T cell responses are a hallmark of HIV‐2 infection
Authors: Duvall Melody G. , Precopio Melissa L. , Ambrozak David A. , Jaye Assan , McMichael Andrew J. , Whittle Hilton C. , Roederer Mario , Rowland‐Jones Sarah L. , Koup Richard A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHIV‐2 is distinguished clinically and immunologically from HIV‐1 infection by delayed disease progression and maintenance of HIV‐specific CD4+ T cell help in most infected subjects. Thus, HIV‐2 provides a unique natural human model in which to investigate correlates of immune protection against HIV disease progression. Here, we report a detailed assessment of the HIV‐2‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response compared to HIV‐1, using polychromatic flow cytometry to assess the quality of the HIV‐specific T cell response by measuring IFN‐γ, IL‐2, TNF‐α, MIP‐1β, and CD107a mobilization (degranulation) simultaneously following Gag peptide stimulation. We find that HIV‐2‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are more polyfunctional that those specific for HIV‐1 and that polyfunctional HIV‐2‐specific T cells produce more IFN‐γ and TNF‐α on a per‐cell basis than monofunctional T cells. Polyfunctional HIV‐2‐specific CD4+ T cells were generally more differentiated and expressed CD57, while there was no association between function and phenotype in the CD8+ T cell fraction. Polyfunctional HIV‐specific T cell responses are a hallmark of non‐progressive HIV‐2 infection and may be related to good clinical outcome in this setting.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG‐infected neutrophils and dendritic cells cooperate to induce specific T cell responses in humans and mice
Authors: Morel Céline , Badell Edgar , Abadie Valérie , Robledo Macarena , Setterblad Niclas , Gluckman Jean Claude , Gicquel Brigitte , Boudaly Sarah , Winter Nathalie 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNeutrophils are increasingly thought to modulate dendritic cell (DC) functions. We investigated the role of the neutrophil‐DC partnership in the response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG–the vaccine used against tuberculosis. We compared neutrophil‐DC crosstalk in humans and mice, searching for functional differences. In both species, neutrophils captured fluorescent BCG‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and were more phagocytic than DC. Non‐apoptotic BCG‐infected neutrophils clustered with immature DC, establishing intimate contacts with dendrites, at which fluorescent intact bacilli were observed. Physical interactions between neutrophils and DC were required for DC activation. Human BCG‐infected DC produced interleukin (IL)‐10, an inhibitory cytokine, whereas DC exposed to BCG‐infected neutrophils produced low to undetectable amounts of the cytokine. Mouse BCG‐infected neutrophils induced sustained IL‐2 production by DC. Human DC exposed to BCG‐infected neutrophils stimulated recall T cell reactivity from vaccinated donors. Mouse DC infected with recombinant ovalbumin (OVA)‐producing BCG (rBCGova) elicited proliferation of TCR‐OVA‐transgenic CD4 and CD8 T cells. Moreover, exposing DC to rBCGova‐infected neutrophils enhanced OVA presentation. Thus, in mice and humans, neutrophils help DC to cross‐present BCG antigens to T cells. Our results suggest that this “ménage à trois” involving neutrophils, DC and T cells plays a major role in the immune response to BCG.
Photoinduced Ligand Transformation in a Ruthenium Polypyridophenazine Complex
Authors: Rau Sven , Schwalbe Matthias , Losse Sebastian , Görls Helmar , McAlister Cale , MacDonnell Frederick M. , Vos Johannes G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIrradiation of a ruthenium polypyridyl complex in the presence of oxygen leads to the oxidation of a benzodipyridophenazine ligand to a quinone. The corresponding tetraazatetrapyridopentacene complex is not oxidized under the same conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Tunable Coordination Response of the Phosphorus‐Based Hexadentate Ligand (S)P[N(Me)N=CHC6H4‐o‐OH]3 (LH3): Synthesis and Structure of LM (M = Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga)
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Azhakar Ramachandran , Pandian Balasubramanian Murugesa , Bickley Jamie F. , Steiner Alexander 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe multidentate ligand (S)P[N(Me)N=CHC6H4‐o‐OH]3 (LH3) reacts with a number of MIII salts to afford the neutral mononuclear complexes LM (M = Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ga). The coordination behaviour of the ligand is hexadentate in all of these complexes, where it encapsulates the metal ion in a facial 3N,3O coordination mode. All the metal complexes have been characterised by spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic methods. The metal atoms in the complexes LSc, LMn, LFe and LGa adopt a distorted octahedral geometry, whereas the geometries of LCr and LCo are more ideal. The electrochemical behaviour of LMn shows that it can be reversibly reduced (E1/2 = –0.13 V) in a single electron process. The achiral ligand LH3 induces chirality in the metal complexes LM upon coordination with the metal ion. All the complexes crystallise as racemic compounds where both the clockwise (Δ) and anticlockwise (Λ) enantiomorphs are present in the crystal structure in an ordered arrangement. Furthermore, all complexes show supramolecular chiral recognition in their crystal structures; the Δ form recognizes the Λ form by means of intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···S interactions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
[Ta3O3]A (A = Li, Na, K) and [Ta3O3]B[Ta3O3] (B = Ca, Sr, Ba): Sandwich‐Type Complexes Containing Ta3O3– δ and π Double Aromatic Ligands
Authors: Li Si‐Dian , Miao Chang‐Qing , Guo Jin‐Chang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA density functional theory investigation on half‐sandwich‐type C3v [Ta3O3]A (A = Li, Na, K) and full‐sandwich‐type D3h [Ta3O3]B[Ta3O3] (B = Ca, Sr, Ba) complexes containing Ta3O3– δ and π double aromatic ligands was performed. The Ta3O3– units serve as robust inorganic ligands in both [Ta3O3]A and [Ta3O3]B[Ta3O3] complex series, which are mainly maintained by A+–[Ta3O3]– or [Ta3O3]––B2+–[Ta3O3]– ionic interactions. These novel complexes turn out to be strongly thermodynamically favored in the gas phases and may be targeted in future experiments to open a new area of coordination chemistry by introducing δ and π double aromatic ligands into complex systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐Fused 1,3,2‐Oxazaphospholidines and 1,2,3‐Oxathiazol­idines
Authors: Schuster Ildikó , Koch Andreas , Heydenreich Matthias , Kleinpeter Erich , Forró Enikő , Lázár László , Sillanpää Reijo , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe cyclizations of tetrahydroisoquinoline 1,2‐amino alcohols with phenylphosphonic dichloride, bis(2‐chloroethyl)phosphoramidic dichloride, thionyl chloride and sulfuryl chloride were utilized to synthesize 1,5,6,10b‐tetrahydro‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholo[4,3‐a]isoquinolines (2, 3), 1,5,10,10a‐tetrahydro‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholo[3,4‐b]isoquinolines (8, 9), 1,5,6,10b‐tetrahydro‐1,2,3‐oxathiazolo[4,3‐a]isoquinolines (4–6) anda 1,5,10,10a‐tetrahydro‐1,2,3‐oxathiazolo[3,4‐b]isoquinoline (11), which are the first representatives of these ring systems. NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed the existence of conformational equilibria that are fast on the NMR timescale. Theoretical DFT calculations pointed to the participation of generally two preferred conformers in the conformational equilibria; the positions of the equilibria were indicated by the experimental NMR spectroscopic parameters, and they are in good agreement with the theoretically calculated energy differences of the participating conformers. For two compounds, which could be not isolated (10, 12), both the preferred conformers and the stereochemistry could be concluded from the DFT calculation results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)