bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ischemic heart failure enhances endogenous myocardial apelin and APJ receptor expression
Authors: Atluri Pavan , Morine Kevin , Liao George , Panlilio Corinna , Berry Mark , Hsu Vivian , Hiesinger William , Cohen Jeffrey , Joseph Woo Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractApelin interacts with the APJ receptor to enhance inotropy. In heart failure, apelin-APJ coupling may provide a means of enhancing myocardial function. The alterations in apelin and APJ receptor concentrations with ischemic cardiomyopathy are poorly understood. We investigated the compensatory changes in endogenous apelin and APJ levels in the setting of ischemic cardiomyopathy.Male, Lewis rats underwent LAD ligation and progressed into heart failure over 6 weeks. Corresponding animals underwent sham thoracotomy as control. Six weeks after initial surgery, the animals underwent hemodynamic functional analysis in the presence of exogenous apelin-13 infusion and the hearts were explanted for western blot and enzyme immunoassay analysis.Western blot analysis of myocardial APJ concentration demonstrated increased APJ receptor protein levels with heart failure (1890750±133500 vs. 901600±143120 intensity units, n=8, p=0.00001). Total apelin protein levels increased with ischemic heart failure as demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay (12.0±4.6 vs. 1.0±1.2 ng/ml, n=5, p=0.006) and western blot (1579400±477733 vs. 943000±157600 intensity units, n=10, p=0.008). Infusion of apelin-13 significantly enhanced myocardial function in sham and failing hearts. We conclude that total myocardial apelin and APJ receptor levels increase in compensation for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Mesocestoides litteratus (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) from the red fox: Morphological and 18S rDNA characterization of European isolates
Authors: Literák I. , Tenora F. , Letková V. , Goldová M. , Torres J. , Olson P. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Mesocestoides litteratus (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoidae) is a common parasite of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and other carnivores across Europe. There has been considerable debate as to the validity of M. litteratus and other closely related, often sympatric species of Mesocestoides. We examine isolates of M. litteratus from red foxes in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Spain both morphometrically and by characterization of 18S rDNA. Morphometric ranges of all isolates confirmed their identity as M. litteratus and were usually within the range published formerly. The sequences of 18S rDNA of one or two isolates from each country were analysed. The sequences were the same and distinct from all published Mesocestoides 18S sequences with the exception of tetrathyridia from a lizard in the Czech Republic, which was identical to those of M. litteratus.
Genetic structuring and differentiation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Slovakia assessed by sequencing and isoenzyme studies
Authors: Šnábel V. , Miterpáková M. , D’Amelio S. , Busi M. , Bartková D. , Turčeková L’. , Maddox-Hyttel C. , Skuce P. , Dubinský P. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene and isoenzyme analysis were used to survey the genetic variability in Echinococcus multilocularis populations from Slovakia. A sample of 12 isolates acquired from 10 different districts from red foxes exhibited identical sequences. Compared with the previously described E. multilocularis variants, one base substitution was consistently observed relative to the M1 variant (detected in China, Alaska, North America, Japan) and three base substitutions were recorded relative to the M2 variant (detected in Germany) in the CO1 fragment. These data, along with the recently gathered data from French isolates, are indicative of a genetically unique population occurring in Central and Western Europe. Electrophoretic examination of enzymes produced by 14 gene loci revealed intraspecific polymorphism only with the glucose-phosphate isomerase (two distinct patterns) and the mannosephosphate isomerase (four genotypes composed of three alleles) enzyme systems. To allow a fast species differentiation of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus (specifically, the G7 genotype occurring in Slovakia), discriminative electrophoretic characters between the species were obtained by isoenzyme analysis. Fixed genetic differences between the species were detected in the glucose-phosphate isomerase, esterase and aldolase systems, and partial differences were detected in four additional systems.
The presence of Syphacia obvelata in laboratory mice (BALB/c) — parasite antigens in immune response
Authors: Perec A. , Okulewicz A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In conventional mice colonies, mouse pinworm, Syphacia obvelata is found very often. Several studies indicate that infection with this parasite can modulate the immune system of the host and can affect experimental final results. The aim of our study was to investigate the most immunogenic proteins of S. obvelata inducing both local and systemic immune response in naturally infected laboratory mice. Protein extracts of S. obvelata were analysed by Western blotting to examine their antigenic character. The antigens were probed with serum and mucosa of S. obvelata naturally infected mice. Surface and somatic antigens were recognized by serum and mucosal IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies. The most immunogenic and dominant proteins were observed. Proteins of Mw ∼ 70, 65 and 48 kDa showed the most evident reaction with serum and mucosa antibodies of infected animals. Surface and somatic antigens of nematode S. obvelata eliciting immune response in laboratory mice may be useful in development of a diagnostic test which could be applied for the infection control prior the experiments.
The fine structures of Cystocaulus ocreatus (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) and the related lung pathology
Authors: Yildiz K. , Karahan S. , Cavusoglu K. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In the present study, the fine surface structures of Cystocaulus ocreatus and its worm as well as brood nodules obtained from the lung of Akkaraman sheep are demonstrated by scanning electron and light microscopy. The mouth of the parasite obtained from the worm nodules is located at the anterior tip and encircled by a collar of tissue. The mouth opening appears as three slits conjoined in the shape of a capital case letter Y, creating three lips. The mouth is surrounded by six papillae just behind the collar. The anterior end was similar in both sexes and covered by numerous wrinkles. Female parasite has a bell-shaped pro-vagina. The posterior end of the female parasite was sharply pointed. The male parasite has a bursa. In the worm nodule, curled parasites were enclosed by a capsula and no eggs and larvae of the parasite were observed. In the brood nodule, heavily affected alveoli and bronchioles contained excessive amounts of larvae and eggs.
Long-term variation in an occurrence of Rhabditis orbitalis parasitic larvae (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) in the eyes of montane rodents
Authors: Kocianová-Adamcová M. , Špakulová M. , Kocianová E. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
During a long-term survey (1999–2005) of parasitic larvae of nidicolous nematode Rhabditis orbitalis Sudhaus et Schulte, 1986 in the West Tatra Mts, the nematodes were detected in the eye orbits of snow voles Chionomys nivalis in 1999, 2004 and 2005. In the last year, R. orbitalis was detected also in another vole species Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus tatricus both in previously studied site and in the Low Tatra Mts, however, it has never appeared at other rodent species. For the first time, an irregular occurrence of the R. orbitalis parasitic larvae has been ascertained in natural conditions of the Slovak mountains. The eye nematodes occurred only during autumn or cold and rather wet summer months, when density of the preferred host Ch. nivalis was relatively low. A hypothesis has been put forward that an occasional appearance of parasitic eye larvae in the life cycle of bacteriophagous R. orbitalis represents a strategy for surviving periods of a scarcity of bacterial food, which could be influenced by a combination of weather conditions, density of host rodents and seasonal abundance of R. orbitalis in rodent nests.
First report of Syphacia vanderbrueli Bernard, 1961 (Oxyuridae) from Micromys minutus in Poland
Authors: Zaleśny G. , Hildebrand J. , Perec-Matysiak A. , Okulewicz A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
During the parasitological examination of wild rodents from Wroclaw vicinity 11 female nematodes were isolated from the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus). The helminths were determined as Syphacia vanderbrueli. This is the first report of this parasite in Poland. Complete descriptions of the female individuals are given.
First record of Diplotriaena henryi Blanc, 1919 from the coal tit, Parus ater with new report from the great tit, Parus major in the Middle East
Authors: Mobedi I. , Sehhatisabet M. , Razmjou E. , Shafiei S. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Seven males and thirteen female Diplotriaena henryi Blanc 1919 were collected from body cavities (heart, sternum, and chest) of tits (one Parus major and three Parus ater) in plain woodland of Noor, in Northern Iran.
Thin Film Formation Techniques
Authors: Rumaiz Abdul K. , Franklin S. , Buzby S. , Ismat Shah S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA thin film is a surface layer with thickness of a few micrometers. These films have properties much different than that of bulk materials or that of the substrate on which the film is deposited. There are a variety of techniques for thin‐film deposition, generally referred to as vapor deposition processes. Depending on the source of the vapors to be deposited, vapor deposition process can be classified as physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Among the two, PVD technique is more widely used for thin‐film formation. Here, vapors are produced using resistive heating, atomic sputtering, ion plating, magnetron sputtering or lasers, alone or in combination with each other. Most of the PVD processes require a high vacuum. In CVD technique, vapors are obtained from gas, liquid, or solid precursors and involve a chemical reaction for the film formation.
Waste Management, Radioactive
Authors: Murray Raymond L. , Fentiman Audeen W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe sources, treatment, storage and transport, and disposal of nuclear wastes are presented. Regulations are provided by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The principal sources of waste from nuclear reactors are fission products and neutron activation products. Many treatment methods are available to reduce waste volume whether it involves management of spent fuel or low‐level waste. Most spent fuel is stored in water pools at reactor sites, awaiting completion of a repository. Dry storage is an alternative. Disposal by deep burial is planned for spent fuel, and by enhanced confinement near the surface for low‐level waste. Site characterization is being carried out. Isolation of waste from the public is essential. The future of nuclear power depends in part on successful waste disposal.
Microstructure and Texture Formation during Hot Rolling of Niobium‐Rich γ TiAl Alloys with Different Carbon Contents
Authors: Stark A. , Bartels A. , Gerling R. , Schimansky F.‐P. , Clemens H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree γ‐TiAl alloys with a base composition of Ti‐45Al‐7.5Nb (at. %) and different carbon contents were used for hot rolling experiments. The alloys were powder metallurgically produced and subsequently hot‐isostatically pressed. Two hot rolling series with different degrees of reduction during the rolling steps have been performed at temperatures in the upper range of the (α + γ) phase field. Samples for texture analysis and metallography were taken from various stages of the rolling process as well as after additional annealing. Light‐optical and scanning electron microscopy images clearly show the influence of the different carbon contents on the recrystallization behaviour. The rolling texture of the γ‐TiAl phase is dominated by texture components, which indicate mechanical twinning as a predominant deformation mechanism. The hot rolling texture of the α‐Ti(Al) phase exhibits components similar to those known from titanium based alloys as well as components probably resulting from co‐deformation with the γ‐TiAl phase.
Mechanical Size‐Effects in Miniaturized and Bulk Materials
Authors: Dehm G. , Motz C. , Scheu C. , Clemens H. , Mayrhofer P. H. , Mitterer C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInterfaces and surfaces can impose substantial mechanical size‐effects on materials. The deformation mechanisms become increasingly constrained when microstructural and/or geometrical dimensions decrease. This effect can improve, for example, the creep resistance of a bulk lamellar material, but it may cause failure for a miniaturized material component due to high internal stresses. Several dislocation mechanisms causing size‐dependent flow stresses for (sub)micron‐sized metals and metallic thin films are addressed in this paper and the current understanding of size‐effects in miniaturized and bulk materials is reviewed. The beneficial application of mechanical size‐effects is demonstrated for TiAl alloys and nanostructured hard coatings.
Precipitation Behaviour of a Complex Steel
Authors: Leitner H. , Bischof M. , Clemens H. , Erlach S. , Sonderegger B. , Kozeschnik E. , Svoboda J. , Fischer F. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNanometer‐sized precipitates in tool steels are the most important microstructural constituents determining the mechanical and thermophysical properties. For the improvement of existing steel grades and the development of new tool steels a fundamental knowledge of the precipitation reactions during heat treatments and at application temperature is of vital interest. Thus, a comprehensive characterization of the various precipitates is required. This paper reviews the studies performed on a complex tool steel which hardens by secondary hardening carbides and intermetallic phases using advanced methods for characterizing nm‐sized precipitates, such as transmission electron microscopy, atom probe field ion microscopy and small‐angle neutron scattering. Additionally, computer simulations of the precipitation kinetics were performed using a novel model for nucleation, growth and coarsening of spherical precipitates in multi‐component, multi‐phase systems. It is demonstrated how experiments and simulations fit together and how thoroughly obtained experimental data help to validate and improve the theoretical models.
Inkjet Printing of Luminescent CdTe Nanocrystal–Polymer Composites
Authors: Tekin E. , Smith P. J. , Hoeppener S. , van den Berg A. M. J. , Susha A. S. , Rogach A. L. , Feldmann J. , Schubert U. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInkjet printing is used to produce well‐defined patterns of dots (with diameters of ca. 120 μm) that are composed of luminescent CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) embedded within a poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) matrix. Addition of ethylene glycol (1–2 vol %) to the aqueous solution of CdTe NCs suppresses the well‐known ring‐formation effect in inkjet printing leading to exceptionally uniform dots. Atomic force microscopy characterization reveals that in the CdTe NC films the particle–particle interaction could be prevented using inert PVA as a matrix. Combinatorial libraries of CdTe NC–PVA composites with variable NC sizes and polymer/NC ratios are prepared using inkjet printing. These libraries are subsequently characterized using a UV/fluorescence plate reader to determine their luminescent properties. Energy transfer from green‐light‐emitting to red‐light‐emitting CdTe NCs in the composite containing green‐ (2.6 nm diameter) and red‐emitting (3.5 nm diameter) NCs are demonstrated.
Biomedical Applications of Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly: From Biomimetics to Tissue Engineering
Authors: Tang Z. , Wang Y. , Podsiadlo P. , Kotov N. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe design of advanced, nanostructured materials at the molecular level is of tremendous interest for the scientific and engineering communities because of the broad application of these materials in the biomedical field. Among the available techniques, the layer‐by‐layer assembly method introduced by Decher and co‐workers in 1992 has attracted extensive attention because it possesses extraordinary advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation, versatility, capability of incorporating high loadings of different types of biomolecules in the films, fine control over the materials' structure, and robustness of the products under ambient and physiological conditions. In this context, a systematic review of current research on biomedical applications of layer‐by‐layer assembly is presented. The structure and bioactivity of biomolecules in thin films fabricated by layer‐by‐layer assembly are introduced. The applications of layer‐by‐layer assembly in biomimetics, biosensors, drug delivery, protein and cell adhesion, mediation of cellular functions, and implantable materials are addressed. Future developments in the field of biomedical applications of layer‐by‐layer assembly are also discussed.
Inside Front Cover: Preparation of Porous Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐Based Honeycomb Materials with Hierarchal Surface Features and Their Use as Soft‐Lithography Templates (Adv. Mater. 22/2006)
Authors: Connal L. A. , Qiao G. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe inside cover shows a library of hierarchically patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces, with a schematic view in the background. These materials are prepared by the ‘breath figure' technique, in work reported by Qiao and Connal on p. 3024, that utilizes a low glass transition temperature star polymer that can form ordered honeycomb materials and contour to nonflat TEM grids. These surfaces are also used as soft lithography masters to create the inverse pattern.
Effect of model formulation on flow‐regime predictions for bubble columns
Authors: Monahan Sarah M. , Fox Rodney O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is well known that bubble‐column flow‐regime predictions of the Eulerian two‐fluid model depend strongly on the model formulation. However, there is no general consensus on what force models must be included to match experiments for even the simplest flows. The flow simulated in this work corresponds to the bubble‐column experiments of Harteveld with the additional assumptions of: (i) uniform‐size (non‐coalescing) bubbles, (ii) spatially uniform bubble injection, and (iii) non‐deforming (spherical) bubbles. As in Monahan et al.'s 2005 article, the complete set of interphase force models includes drag, added‐mass, lift, rotation, and strain. The simulation results are presented in the form of flow maps parameterized by the bubble Reynolds number and the average void fraction. As expected, the flow maps show a strong dependence on the model parameters; however, qualitatively only two types of flow maps are observed: (1) flows that transition from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous regime at relatively low average void fractions and (2) flows that transition at relatively high average void fractions (0.4–0.6) as are observed in the experiments. Remarkably, type‐2 flow maps are only observed for two‐fluid models that include the complete set of forces. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 53, 2007
Conditional moment closure for chemical reactions in laminar chaotic flows
Authors: Vikhansky A. , Cox S. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe implement conditional moment closure (CMC) for simulation of chemical reactions in laminar chaotic flows. The CMC approach predicts the expected concentration of reactive species, conditional upon the concentration of a corresponding nonreactive scalar. Closure is obtained by neglecting the difference between the local concentration of the reactive scalar and its conditional average. We first use a Monte Carlo method to calculate the evolution of the moments of a conserved scalar; we then reconstruct the corresponding probability density function and dissipation rate. Finally, the concentrations of the reactive scalars are determined. The results are compared (and show excellent agreement) with full numerical simulations of the reaction processes in a chaotic laminar flow. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
The new bone biology: Pathologic, molecular, and clinical correlates
Authors: Cohen Jr. M. Michael 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBone and cartilage and their disorders are addressed under the following headings: functions of bone; normal and abnormal bone remodeling; osteopetrosis and osteoporosis; epithelial–mesenchymal interaction, condensation and differentiation; osteoblasts, markers of bone formation, osteoclasts, components of bone, and pathology of bone; chondroblasts, markers of cartilage formation, secondary cartilage, components of cartilage, and pathology of cartilage; intramembranous and endochondral bone formation;RUNXgenes and cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD); osterix; histone deacetylase 4 andRunx2;Ligand toreceptoractivator ofNFκB (RANKL), RANK, osteoprotegerin, and osteoimmunology; WNT signaling,LRP5mutations, and β‐catenin; the role of leptin in bone remodeling; collagens, collagenopathies, and osteogenesis imperfecta; FGFs/FGFRs, FGFR3 skeletal dysplasias, craniosynostosis, and other disorders; short limb chondrodysplasias; molecular control of the growth plate in endochondral bone formation and genetic disorders ofIHHandPTHR1;ANKH, craniometaphyseal dysplasia, and chondrocalcinosis; transforming growth factor β, Camurati–Engelmann disease (CED), and Marfan syndrome, types I and II; anACVR1mutation and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva;MSX1andMSX2: biology, mutations, and associated disorders; G protein, activation of adenylyl cyclase,GNAS1mutations, McCune‐Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, and Albright hereditary osteodystrophy;FLNAand associated disorders; and morphological development of teeth and their genetic mutations. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.