bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation for Integrated Ship Topside Design
Authors: Baron N. T. , Newcomb J. W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  A new program initiative is evolving within the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) to define and implement an integrated, architectural approach to surface ship topside design. With any given ship suite of sensor, weapon and control systems, ship topside architecture and design has more influence over realized ship warfare mission capability than any other ship system or engineering design discipline. An integrated treatment of all the major factors that govern ship topside physical and functional attributes will produce more capable, adaptable and affordable ship designs. An integrated ship topside design engineering framework will allow efficient exploitation of emerging system technologies to improve ship capabilities and flexibility. Integrated ship topside design is critically dependent on state‐of‐the‐art computer‐aided engineering— modeling, simulation and visualization— to provide timely and affordable quantification of the numerous engineering trade‐offs and design decisions that go into the topside design.This paper outlines the need, rationale and vision for integrated topside design in the U. S. Navy. The engineering framework that forms the essential core of the ship design engineering and acquisition management disciplines required to carry out integrated ship topside design is described. The modeling and simulation tools needed to carry out the integrated ship topside design process, along with their expected sources, are defined. A practical architectural mechanization of these computer‐aided engineering tools is outlined based on successful experience with the NAVSEA Electromagnetic Engineering program. The paper concludes with an overview of the status and plan to complete implementation of this new engineering capability, and its application to the design of the next generation of U.S. Navy surface ships.
Autonomous ESM Systems
Authors: Sciortino John C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Electronic Warfare (EW) Support Measures (ESM) systems are evolving rapidly toward unmanned status by using a constellation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Among these are artificial neural networks (ANN), genetic algorithms, intelligent databases, fuzzy logic and data fusion techniques, as well as expert systems. The applications and implementation techniques, for which adaptive autonomous non cooperative target recognition is useful or necessary, form the focus of this discussion. Military and civilian applications abound for fixed site, shipborne, and airborne systems. These systems could control and manage other interactive systems normally requiring manual inputs. Applications such as air and marine traffic control and management regimes, collection of transport traffic statistics for economic analysis and intelligence, passive targeting, platform inventory (order of battle), and anti‐fratricide control are examples meeting this requirement.ESM systems use these AI technologies throughout the signal processing chain and beyond: from acquisition through automatic RF band scheduling and antenna pointing, as well as deinter‐leaving of dense signal environments and characterization of individual emitters, to rapid, high‐confidence emitter‐platform correlation with automatic optical/IR imaging, and cross‐indexing of multiple worldwide information databases to prevent platform aliasing. These systems are now feasible because the required components are now available. Low‐cost miniaturized RF system and subsystem components, massively parallel computing resources, and ANN integrated circuits permit the achievement of low‐cost, low‐power, small, modular systems that stand and act alone.
An Arsenal Ship Design Affordable, Advanced Warfighting Capabilities
Authors: Baumann G. , Calvano C. , Chase M. , Null G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The Navy's “Arsenal Ship Concept of Operations [1]” and “Ship Capabilities Document (SCD) [2]” address a need for the design of a large missile platform that can carry massive and precise firepower, accomplish long‐range strike, and perform flexible targeting and multidimensional theater defense consistent with the policies of “Forward… From the Sea [3]” and “Operational Maneuver from the Sea [4].” The ship is designed to be a large missile magazine that receives its launch orders from remote air, land or sea forces. It is fully integrated into the joint command and control structure to assist current forces in the opening days of conflict. A major design goal of the Arsenal Ship is to limit the crew size to 50 personnel through the use of system automation, redundancy and equipment reliability, while meeting an additional constraint of limiting the sailaway price to 550 million dollars.The Total Ship Systems Engineering (TSSE) design team at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, CA used a modified repeat of the T‐AO 201 class oiler. The selection of this hull is based on mass tonnage for survivability, carrying capacity for approximately 500 vertically launched missiles and budget constraints that militate against a new hull design. The midship section of the ship is fitted with 64 eight‐cell Concentric Canisterized Launcher (CCL) modules. The Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) is incorporated in the design to provide the controlling platform the ability to remotely fire the Arsenal Ship's missiles.The design was performed at NPS under the direction of author Calvano by a group of fifteen officer students, which included authors Chase, Baumann and Null. It is believed that the at‐sea experience and thorough analysis from the officers involved has resulted in a sensible design of a creative and highly realistic solution to the Navy's call for an Arsenal Ship of the 21st Century.
Zero Leakage Tornado Effect Pumps in Carrier Sewage Systems
Authors: Johnson W. , Myers S. , Schepis R. , Crew J. , Keltner R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Current centrifugal pumps installed in CVN 68 class sewage collection, holding, and transfer (CHT) systems experience a high rate of seal failures. A CHT pump seal failure requires a significant maintenance effort. In addition, seal leakage releases sewage material into the CHT pump room in violation of Navy health regulations.Efforts to develop improved pump seals have met with less than satisfactory results. An effort was undertaken to identify an alternate pump design that meets the zero external leakage criteria. This effort identified the Eddy Pump, which is gaining increased recognition for its performance in civilian applications.This new pump departs from conventional centrifugal pump design principles in that the pump rotor is able to create and harness a dynamic fluid eddy effect within the pump housing and inlet. This effect is similar to that which occurs in a tornado. A very strong synchronized central column flow develops from the pump rotor to the pump inlet and creates a low pressure reverse eddy flow from the pump inlet to the pump discharge. This results in a region of negative pressure in the vicinity of the pump seal. The seal design allows one way passage of externally supplied low pressure air through the shaft seal toward the pump casing (volute) to oppose the ingress of sewage.This paper is a condensation and combination of two reports. These reports are: (1) Myers, S. and R. Keltner, “CHT Pump Trade‐Off Studies: CVN 76,” prepared by Newport News Shipbuilding under contract N00024‐91‐C‐2108, Task 2318T‐74, January 1993, and (2) Schepis, R. and J. Crew, “Eddy Pump Performance,” Commander, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, Philadelphia Site, Serial 631/110, May 1995.
Advanced Double Hull Structural Design Technology
Authors: Sikora J. , Grassman J. M. , Sensharma P. , Watts J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The Mid‐Term Sealift Ship Technology Development Program is a multiyear research and development effort to examine promising technologies for application to construction of sealift ships. One of the goals of this program is to enhance the competitiveness of U.S. shipbuilders by investigating a new method of hull construction that would be easier and cheaper to build and pre‐outfit. The concept consists of a long‐spanned, unidirectionally‐stiffened structural system where the main structural elements are arranged longitudinally. This technology is referred to as advanced double hull (ADH).This paper describes the second year of study in which a new design criterion was applied. This criterion was based upon the results of structural testing and analysis conducted by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) to determine the ultimate strength of cellular structure. A full ship finite element model was developed to help validate the structural criteria.
AV‐8B Flight Hazard Awareness Analysis and Training Using Flight Simulation
Authors: Calvert J. F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The V/STOL capability of the AV‐8B Harrier is provided through a sophisticated combination of vectored thrust and aerodynamic technology. The proper interaction of the nozzle thrust and flap system is of extreme importance. Specific combinations of nozzle angle and flap position are employed to optimize both jet lift and aerodynamic lift. However, if the proper flap‐nozzle position schedule is violated, the resulting thrust and flap impingement may cause a severe nose‐down pitching moment sufficient to override the pilot control. Depending upon ground proximity, this condition creates a hazard which causes great potential for loss of aircraft and/or pilot.Flap impingement hazard was identified on the AV‐8B aircraft as a potential catastrophic flight hazard. In response, a requirement was established to 1) study the severity of the flap impingement hazard on the AV‐8B, 2) devise flight operational procedures which would minimize pilot exposure to the hazard potential and the resulting pilot control problems during flight, and 3) devise a training capability to familiarize pilots with flap impingement hazard characteristics and recovery procedures. This paper comprises the results of a study which utilized piloted flight simulation and fleet simulation trainers to meet these requirements.
The Introduction of Programmable Logic Controllers into US Navy Machinery Control Systems
Authors: Anderson C. M. , Greenblatt J. E. , Lively K. A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have long been used in process and manufacturing industries for data acquisition and control. Acquisition reform, prompted by the need to reduce the cost of military systems, mandates the use of Commercial Off‐the‐Shelf (COTS) or modified COTS‐based systems and equipment. For shipboard Engineering Control Systems (ECS), this has led to the introduction of ruggedized commercial workstations at the supervisory level. The transition to COTS has lagged at the local control level, however, due in part to a perceived lack of COTS equipment which can satisfy the need for highly reliable and robust real‐time controllers. This has typically resulted in custom and proprietary hardware and software at the local level.This paper reviews the top‐level architecture of a typical ECS for a surface combatant and traces the migration from a past generation system, represented by the DDG 51 Class Machinery Control System, to a potential current generation system which utilizes PLCs as a COTS technology. The technology and architecture found in current generation PLCs is briefly reviewed as well as the typical application of PLCs for process control and commercial marine machinery control. Finally, the various factors influencing the cost of a shipboard ECS are discussed, with emphasis placed on how a COTS system has a positive influence on all of the cost factors. The paper concludes with a description of the potential current generation COTS ECS and a brief discussion of next generation advances.
Arsenal Ship Program Certification Plan
Authors: Arntson S. , Lind W. , Turner J. J. , Blaiklock W. C. , Tedesco M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, initiated a research program for the design and construction of a distinctive warship for the 21st century known as the Arsenal Ship. By using an innovative development and acquisition approach it was hoped to streamline the procurement process and reduce costs. In an environment where budgets are being cut, both industry and Government were challenged to develop, design, and produce the innovative ship and related mission systems to meet specific performance capabilities within strict affordability constraints. A key element of this innovative acquisition approach was a new certification scheme designed to replace the traditional test and evaluation (T & E) and acceptance process.The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the certification plan during Phase II of the Arsenal Ship program by the American Bureau of Shipping and the contending Shipyard teams, and to discuss the potential benefits of this alternative certification approach. Although the Arsenal Ship program was canceled late in 1997, insight derived from the exploration of new certification concepts could benefit future design and building programs.
Development of a Family of Commercial Marine Composite Ball Valves
Authors: Bhasin V. , Conroy D. , Reid J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The Navy spends millions of dollars each year maintaining valves of various types due to erosion, corrosion, and other service‐related problems. In addition, the current wide variety of valve types used throughout the Navy results in over 60,000 allowance parts lists (APL's) (and nearly 8,000 vendors) in the supply system which are cumbersome and costly to maintain. Composite technology offers the potential for significant cost savings in maintenance due to corrosion/erosion resistance. The application of composite technology along with new valve designs which minimize and standardize valve component parts has the potential to significantly reduce valve life‐cycle costs.The Navy is developing a family of non‐metallic composite ball valves, NPS 0.5–12, for shipboard applications. A NAVSEA standard drawing will be issued for procurement purposes. The benefits of this valve design are reduced life cycle cost through significantly reduced maintenance and supply support; reduced weight; compatibility with all piping, and potential reduction in costs associated with valve APL's, due to increased standardization. Selected sizes have been prototyped for laboratory and shipboard tests and evaluations (T & E).This paper describes the research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT & E) and planned implementation of this family of valves, including Fleet backfit.
USS Wampanoag, 1868: Isherwood, Taylor, and the Search for Speed
Authors: Wegner D. M. , Ratliff C. D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The USS Wampanoag was designed in 1863 during the American Civil War. In 1868 she set the world's speed record for steam powered warships. She had been created by Navy Chief Engineer Benjamin Isherwood to catch Confederate blockade runners, track enemy commerce raiders, and to destroy commercial shipping. By the time Wampanoag was complete the Civil War was over, the Navy down‐sized, and the ship was bitterly condemned as useless.In 1927 RAdm. David Taylor performed hydrodynamic tests on a model similar to Wampanoag in order to retrospectively verify her speed. In 1989 the staff of the Curator of Ship Models at NSWC Carderock began a historical investigation of the form and appearance of the cruiser. These efforts have led to the construction of a 1:48 scale exhibition model of the Wampanoag.
A‐RCI—The Right Way to Submarine Superiority
Authors: Guertin N. H. , Miller R. W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOver the last ten years, there have been enormous changes in the fundamental factors that influence the development and procurement of submarine sonar systems. These changes can be summarized as: 1) the end of the Cold War; 2) a commercial sector technology revolution; and 3) Department of Defense (DoD) realizations that acquisition reforms were mandatory. Against this backdrop is the fact that the acoustic advantage held by U.S. submarines was being eroded by Russian nuclear submarine development and the proliferation of quiet non‐nuclear submarines among countries of concern to the United States. A dramatic, innovative approach to reclaiming acoustic superiority had to be devised. The solution is the Acoustic‐Rapid COTS (Commercial‐Off‐the‐Shelf) Insertion (A‐RCI) program. A‐RCI brings the benefits of the commercial processing revolution and DoD acquisition reforms to the submarine sonar system. It will provide a sonar system upgrade with far more capability than the existing systems have today at a fraction of their cost. This article provides a framework from which to view the significant leap that A‐RCI provides to the Navy, and details both the programmatic and technical sides of the program to help the reader understand the impact A‐RCI will have on the operating forces.
Automatic Performance Monitoring Enhances Seawolf Submarine Ship Control Maintainability
Authors: Hammett R. , Coakley M. , Sevigny D. , Zamojski R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses capabilities built into the Seawolf Ship Control System (SCS) to enhance maintainability and how they have proved to be effective during development and initial service. These capabilities include automatic Performance Monitoring and Fault Localization (PM/FL) functions and a maintenance computer containing I/O monitoring functionality to troubleshoot the system.The success of this PM/FL approach demonstrates great promise for future submarines and surface ships, allowing for a reduction in the size of the crew needed to operate and maintain the ship control. But this PM/FL functionality does not come without a price; these complex decision‐making algorithms required for PM/FL are difficult to specify, develop, and test. It is also important to note that the effectiveness of Seawolf PM/FL is directly attributed to the redundancy inherent in the fault‐tolerant design.The paper describes how this approach has evolved from earlier submarines and some of the experiences to date with Seawolf PM/FL testing and Seawolf ship control maintenance. The paper also summarizes the design of the system, discussing the features of the fault‐tolerant architecture that facilitate effective maintenance. The difficulties involved in the specification, design, and exhaustive verification of PM/FL will be described. Some speculations as to how future systems might benefit from automated maintenance features is included.
Time‐Domain Characteristics of Complex Computer Networks
Authors: Holden R. A. , Thomas R. W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a nontraditional use of statistical analysis methods to gain new insight in understanding complex systems. The properties of computer networks described here have implications in terms of the design, construction, and management of systems. An empirical approach is used to construct a covariance matrix that is a mathematical system which represents the real physical network. Some of the general physical properties of networks are deduced from the mathematical properties of covariance matrices. A network coupling coefficient is defined, and partitioning is described in terms of component variance and internal network processes that are shown to depend on data sample time, thus leading to time‐domain behavior. Extensive illustrations are given using data taken from a combat system computer network. Also provided is a discussion of the practical application and meaning of the time‐domain approach reported here.
Performance Based Simulation Modeling Quantifies Aircraft Carrier Life Cycle Cost and Readiness
Authors: Jurges Glen F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  This paper describes a new modeling technique for quantitatively assessing the material condition and readiness or determining the life cycle cost of any aircraft carrier whether it is in‐service or a new design. Called “The Aircraft Carrier Material Condition and Readiness Assessment Simulation Model,” it interactively links the combined performance of 18 major shipboard systems and over 600 critical components to flight operations and mission requirements and measures it against a Fleet standard of 110 sorties per day. This model can also account for manning and skill levels, equipment failures, availability of all logistic elements, and weather for any aircraft carrier mission. It is a new concept that will revolutionize the way the Navy estimates life cycle cost and assesses material condition and readiness.The aircraft carrier community can now analyze and account for many of the real‐life uncertainties inherent in aircraft carrier operations and maintenance whether the carrier is in‐service or a new design. With this concept, estimating the life cycle cost or quantitatively measuring material condition and readiness for any aircraft carrier is easier, more objective, and less costly.
American Military Options in a Taiwan Strait Conflict
Authors: Whitehurst C. H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  United States‐People's Republic of China (PRC) relations since 1972 have varied from warm to frigid. Of most concern to U.S. policy makers and defense planners is the PRC's military buildup absent any real threat to her national interests in East Asia and her continued refusal to rule out the use of force to reunite Taiwan with the Mainland.Under the Taiwan Relations Act, the United States is committed to insure that any reunification is by peaceful means. This paper examines several possible scenarios in which United States military force is used to back up America's commitment to Taiwan should the PRC decide on military force as the reunification option.The article hypothesizes that should conflict occur it will be between American‐Taiwan forces, with limited Japanese support, on the one hand, and the People's Republic of China on the other. The task of ensuring Taiwan's security will primarily fall on the U.S. Navy. The paper asks the questions of whether the Navy is prepared for a naval war in the Western Pacific. Does it have the right ships in the right numbers? The paper concludes that given the present downsizing of the Navy and the buildup of PRC naval forces, it is questionable whether the United States would prevail should conflict come in the early twenty‐first century.
Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Diesel Power Generators Onboard Ships
Authors: Ayyub B. M. , Karaszewski Z. J. , Wade M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  In this paper, a methodology and guidelines for applying risk methods in design and operation of maritime systems were developed and demonstrated using a case study of marine diesel generators. The methodology consists of several modules that include system definition based on functional and performance requirements, definition of dependencies among subsystems, data collection and reduction, reliability and risk analyses, and results reduction for use in decision analysis. The methodology was used to assess and analyze typical service diesel generators found onboard ships.The analysis included the generation of cut sets for the overall reliability of the system. The most likely failure scenarios were determined by demonstration as the failure of fuel supply components. The results are consistent with previous findings of the U.S. Coast Guard.