bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Hog Production Strategies with a Simulation Model
Authors: Blackie Malcolm J. , Dent J. Barry 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSimulation modelling has attracted considerable farm management research interest in recent years, yet the on‐farm use of simulation models has been limited. A simulation model for hog production has been developed as part of an information system which may assist hog farm managers both in choosing between competing management strategies and also in implementing any chosen plan. The process involved in selecting the most suitable management strategy is illustrated using data from several hog units. The incorporation of the model into an information system ensures that the model is accessible to farm managers and their advisers.
A Risk‐Programming Analysis of Forward Contracting with Credit Constraints
Authors: Barry Peter J. , Willmann David R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA multiperiod risk‐programming model is developed to evaluate forward contracting and other financial choices for farmers who are subject to market risks and external credit rationing. The model utilizes mean‐variance analysis to derive sets of E‐V efficient growth plans reflecting the influence of contracting on income stability, levels of credit, and income growth. A case farm is used to develop the model's decision elements and to survey the credit responses of lenders to contract choices. Model results indicate that the lenders' credit responses may modify the producer's contracting plans and his rate of income growth.
A Model of a Bargaining Cooperative
Authors: Ladd George W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes behavior of a cooperative of raw material producers. The cooperative sells a production input to producers, provides a “free” service to members, and bargains with processors for raw material price. One analysis assumes the cooperative's objective is maximization of the raw material price received by members. Another assumes the objective is maximization of quantity marketed through the cooperative. The cooperative has three instruments to manipulate to attain its objective. First‐order maximization conditions for the two objectives are quite different from each other and from “marginal cost equals marginal revenue” conditions.
Effect of Public Price Forecasts on Market Price Variation: A Stochastic Cobweb Example
Authors: Smyth David J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of less than perfectly accurate forecasting in a stochastic cobweb model when public announcement of the forecasts influences suppliers' behavior. The forecasts considered in the analysis reduce the time variance of price, but the forecasts that minimize the variance are not always the most accurate.
Market Solutions to Externality Problems: Theory and Practice
Authors: Randall Alan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe concept of market solution to externality problems has received the favorable attention of many economic theorists. Yet, policy practitioners and the general public seem less enthusiastic. Theoretical studies and available empirical work have effectively demolished Coase's doctrine of the allocative neutrality of liability rules. In reality, a full liability law will result in a greater degree of abatement of external diseconomies than will zero or intermediate liability laws. It is suggested that market solutions can be seriously considered in a world with pervasive externalities only if something approaching a full liability rule is established. Even then, excessive transactions costs may limit the success of market solutions.
Modeling the Optimal Location of the Cattle Feeding Industry
Authors: Byrkett Donald L. , Miller Richard A. , Taiganides E. Paul 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA variety of interregional linear programming models have been used to study the optimal location of the cattle feeding industry. An analysis is performed to determine which factors are most influential in determining feedlot location and thus need to be included in these models. In addition to traditional factors, consideration is given to the effects of region definition and regional land use patterns. Results indicate the importance of feeders, grain, and land use patterns. The implications of these results in the analysis of future trends in feedlot location is discussed.
Framework for Economic Analysis of Grain versus Harvested Roughage for Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Brokken Ray F. , Dinius D. A. , Hammonds T. M. , Valpey John 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTraditional models for assessing technical and economic efficiency of cattle feeding were found inadequate. An alternative framework is developed for estimating effects of changes in ration nutrient concentration on animal performance under a range of production conditions and types of animals. The framework is incorporated in a dynamic profit function and its use discussed and demonstrated under various optimizing criteria. High energy rations remained economical even at relatively high grain prices. This framework implies sigmoid shaped grain‐roughage isoquants: concave to the origin over the finishing range of grain‐roughage ratios, and convex at lower grain‐roughage ratios.
Economic Aspects of Ground Water Resources and Replacement Flows in Semiarid Agricultural Areas
Authors: Gisser Micha , Mercado Abraham 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article integrates an agricultural demand function for water with a hydrologic model of an aquifer in a semiarid region. The model can aid policy‐makers with problems from overdraft leading to a falling water table and with examination of the profitability of importing water from surplus areas and artificially recharging the aquifer.
Projections of Effects of Modern Inputs on Agricultural Income and Employment in a Community Development Block, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Wills Ian R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWhile the green revolution has increased food production, its effects on rural employment and income distribution are causing concern. This paper presents empirically based estimates of the impact of new technology on employment and incomes at the local level. Results indicate that although adoption of new sceds, fertilizers, and irrigation increases employment and agricultural wages, it also increases the disparity between incomes of farmers and agricultural laborers, a disparity which will increase further if labor‐saving machinery is introduced. New technology will reduce the disparity between incomes of large and small farmers ir credit and fertilizers are distributed according to area operated.
A Bioeconomic Simulation Analysis of Regulating Groundwater Irrigation
Authors: Mapp Harry P. , Eidman Vernon R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study develops a firm‐level bioeconomic simulation model capable of stochastically determining yields for the major dryland and irrigated crops in the central basin of the Ogallala Formation as a function of soil moisture and atmospheric stress during critical stages of plant development. The model is used to evaluate three methods of regulating groundwater irrigation—no restriction, a quantity limitation, and a graduated tax per unit above the quantity limitation. Results differ for poor and adequate water situations but indicate the potential value of an educational program on timing of irrigation application to maximize net farm income.
Estimating the Influence of Service Quality on Transportation Demand
Authors: Johnson Marc A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFollowing a theoretical justification for considering service quality as a demand determinant based upon conventional derived demand analysis, an empirical procedure is developed for estimating the response of demand and modal selection probability to changes in service quality. The estimation technique suggested is similar to that used in the measurement of hedonic price indices, permitting a subjective evaluation of quality factors by shipping managers. An empirical demonstration suggests that transport demand responsiveness to transport service quality is inelastic for country grain elevators.
Rural Poverty and Government Intervention: The Case of the Argentine Yerba Mate Industry
Authors: Fiorentino Raul , Dean Gerald W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA simple econometric model was used to demonstrate that government intervention in the yerba mate market has favored large producers and processors in the Argentine province of Misiones. Large producers have benefited not only through high price supports but also by integrating vertically to appropriate the price support benefits intended for small farmers. An alternative mixed policy strategy believed to be both economically feasible and politically acceptable was proposed to alleviate rural poverty associated with the yerba mate industry. This policy includes changes in land tenure and farm operational systems along with modifications in current price policy.
Guaranteed Price Adjustment and Market Stability in the United Kingdom: The Case of Beef and Milk
Authors: Evans Martin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe dynamic properties of a producer‐government interaction model are investigated to show why the United Kingdom's policy of regulating its agricultural markets by annually adjusting guaranteed prices failed to control persistent fluctuations in supplies, market prices, and subsidy costs of beef and milk during the fifties and sixties. The evidence suggests that governments' responses to undesired movements, particularly in potential milk supplies, were excessive in terms of the magnitudes and frequency of official price adjustments. This emphasized the cyclical tendencies in the beef‐milk economy, which was also susceptible to the destabilizing effects of random milk yield variation.
Devaluation, Foreign Trade Controls, and Domestic Wheat Prices
Authors: Johnson Paul R. , Grennes Thomas , Thursby Marie 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe 1970s have seen sharp fluctuations in grain prices. Several plausible explanations for the unusual severity of these ups and downs have been advanced, including devaluation of the dollar for the upswing in 1972–74. U.S. wheat prices for the year of highest prices, 1973–74,are examined. A trade model that distinguishes wheat by country of origin is used to analyze various events in that year. It is concluded that insulating trade policies by wheat exporters and importers had the largest impact on U.S. wheat prices.
Welfare Implications of Commodity Storage under Uncertainty
Authors: Helmberger Peter , Weaver Rob 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIntertemporal equilibrium is determined for a competitive market when private inventories are held. Production and storage decisions respond to rational expectations of uncertain prices. Algebraic expressions for gains (losses) to buyers and producers are derived in this context. Competitive equilibrium maximizes gains to society. Government programs that stabilize price either completely or partially generate benefits to producers and losses to buyers relative to competitive equilibrium. Welfare effects are quantified assuming an initial period of abundance and various supply and demand elasticities.
Facilities Location: The Case of Grain Subterminals
Authors: Hilger Donald A. , McCarl Bruce A. , Uhrig J. William 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn analysis of a grain subterminal location problem within northwestern Indiana is presented. The problem is solved as a mixed integer program with Benders Decomposition, and discussion is presented on the technique. The empirical analysis concentrates upon the optimum number of subterminals within the region under different assumptions. Upon the concentration of grain in the export market, the results show that initially subterminals reduce costs somewhat regardless of location but as the optimum number is approached location becomes more critical.
Resource and Environmental Constraints to Growth
Authors: Smith V. Kerry , Krutilla John V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTo evaluate conventional methods for modeling the role of natural resources in economic activities, this analysis reviews the specific attributes of past and current neoclassical models that included natural resources, considering both micro analyses of extractive firm behavior and aggregate optimal planning models, and examines conventional assumptions about constraints to economic activities including both the availability of production materials and the absorptive capacity of environmental resources. An optimal allocation of natural resources (all the original endowments of the earth) requires a conjunctive management strategy so that both the rates of extraction and waste generation are considered.
Endogenous Input Prices in Linear Programming Models
Authors: Hazell Peter B. R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper provides a method for formulating linear programming models in which one or more factors have upward sloping supply schedules, and the prices of these factors are to be endogenously determined at either their competitive market equilibrium values or at the levels set by a monopsonist. The method for achieving these results utilizes the sum, over the relevant factor markets, of the producers' and consumers' surplus, and is an extension of existing methods for solving price endogenous models of product markets.
Artistic Research Tools for Scientific Minds
Authors: Ladd George W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe topics of this paper are frequently‐used, versatile research tools: subconscious mental processes (imagination and intuition), chance (including serendipity) and writing. Conditions that may stimulate subconscious mental processes to generate useful ideas are discussed. They are doubt, venturesome attitude, diversity, thorough preparation, tension, temporary abandonment, relaxation, writing, exchange with colleagues, freedom from distraction, and deadlines. Various forms of chance and their roles in research and problem solving are discussed. It is argued that writing is not only a research‐reporting tool but is also valuable in performing research.
International Farm Prices and the Social Cost of Cheap Food Policies
Authors: Peterson Willis L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe evidence suggests that real prices received by farmers in the LDCs have been substantially lower than farm prices in the developed nations. Estimates of a long‐run aggregate agricultural supply elasticity from cross‐section data reveal that it is relatively elastic, in the range of 1.25 to 1.66. It is estimated also that with more favorable farm prices agricultural output in a group of twenty‐seven LDCs could have been 40% to 60% greater than it was and the national income of the group increased by more than 3% annually.
Interregional Structure of the U.S. Coal Economy
Authors: Libbin James D. , Boehlje Michael D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA multiperiod spatial equilibrium model of the national coal economy is developed to evaluate future interregional shifts in coal production and the investment requirements and sequencing for exploitation of a nonrenewable, variable quality resource. The effects of alternative sulfur dioxide emission standards and demand growth projections on the location and type of coal production, the transportation industry, and capital markets are examined. The study concludes that the coal industry can expand through 1990, especially in Appalachia and the West, to meet both greatly increased demand and restrictive air quality standards at moderately increased cost.
Application of a Simulative Approach to Evaluating Alternative Methods for the Control of Agricultural Pests
Authors: Reichelderfer Katherine H. , Bender Filmore E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA microanalytic simulation model of the interrelationships among Mexican bean beetle pest populations, populations of wasps that are parasites of the pest, chemical control inputs, and soybean yield is presented. Points from output response surfaces obtained through simulations of alternative biological and chemical pest control strategies are utilized in conjunction with cost data to construct benefit‐cost ratios for each intraseasonal control option studied. Comparison of ratios indicates that biological control of the pest is, by benefit‐cost criteria and from both private and social perspectives, a competitive alternative to chemical control.
Portfolio Adjustments: An Application to Rural Banking
Authors: Robison Lindon J. , Barry Peter J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA general method is provided for evaluating how an expected‐utility‐maximizing choice is changed in response to factors shifting the mean‐variance (EV) efficient set and changes in the decision maker's level of risk aversion. Substitution and income effects under uncertainty are defined, related to those existing under certainty, and analyzed graphically and in a quadratic programming model of a rural bank. The bank application includes risk and liquidity components and indicates that the magnitude of the portfolio response may not be trivial. Evidence is also provided indicating the consistency between bank behavior and the EV decision criterion.
Availability and Shipment of Grain Survival of a Nuclear Attack
Authors: Haaland Carsten M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt is assumed that at least 90% of the American population would survive the direct effects (blast, fire, and initial nuclear radiation) of a nuclear attack of 6,600 megatons if about 90 million people were relocated from high‐risk areas during a crisis period preceding the attack. If the survivors from the direct effects are protected from radioactive fallout by suitable shelters, the remaining major problem affecting survival will be adequate food. This paper indicates that sufficient grain stocks and transportation will likely be available after the attack to assure survival of the American population.
Alternative Estimates of Static and Dynamic Demand Systems for Canada
Authors: Green Richard , Hassan Zuhair A. , Johnson S. R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSelected static and dynamic demand systems are applied to Canadian data for the period 1947–1972. Four commodity groups—durables, semi‐durables, services and nondurables—are used for the major portion of the analysis. For the static systems, results for nine commodity groups are provided as a comparison. Income and price elasticity estimates, following from the static systems are, with the exception of the double log, proved reasonably similar. The estimates from the two dynamic systems, the dynamic linear expenditure and state adjustment models, appeared more plausible particularly for services and durable goods, where persistence in consumption patterns is generally observed. As related to other estimates from United States and Canadian data, these results seem to be more stable and more in agreement with a priori reasoning.
Optimal Regional Conjunctive Water Management
Authors: Noel Jay E. , Gardner B. Delworth , Moore Charles V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn optimal control model is used to determine the socially optimal spatial and temporal allocation of groundwater and surface water among agricultural and urban uses. The control model is described briefly and its advantages over other dynamic models are enumerated. Optimal rates of groundwater pumpage over the planning horizon were highly sensitive to increasing energy costs. Groundwater basins are shown to react differently to alternative economic and hydrological parameters. In a dynamic setting, a policy of pump taxes was shown empirically to be superior to pro‐rata quotas and uncontrolled pumpage.
An Approach to the Delineation of Rural Banking Markets
Authors: Mathis Stephen A. , Harris Duane G. , Boehlje Michael 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA cross‐demand schedule approach is modified to develop a procedure for delineating product and service markets. Firms are classified as either rivals or nonrivals based on a statistical examination of response times to price adjustments. A test of the approach is made for the delineation of banking markets. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure may have potential for assisting policy makers in decisions regarding the competitive environment of the banking industry.
Nutrient Availability, Food Costs, and Food Stamps
Authors: Basiotis Peter , Brown Mark , Johnson S. R. , Morgan Karen J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNutrient consumption patterns of low income households were analyzed using data from the special low income component of the 1977–78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. A system of simultaneous equations for estimating food cost and diet component availability levels in home food supply was applied. The derived reduced form showed that Food Stamp Program participation had a positive impact on diet component availability levels. Impacts of other socioeconomic variables examined for diet component availability were generally larger than those for program participation and income. Diet component availability levels were relatively constant across households with different income and Food Stamp Program bonus levels.
Iowa Crop Production and Soil Erosion with Cropland Expansion
Authors: Amos Orley M. , Timmons John F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA parametric programming model is used to estimate crop production profitability of Iowa's noncropland. The model indicates that Iowa cropland is expandable by five million acres if crop prices double the 1978 level. Additional cropland expansion is less responsive to further crop price increases. The model also indicates that soil erosion from cropland expansion is greater than the state's average. However, if the model constrains soil erosion to under five tons per acre, soil erosion is greatly reduced with only slight reductions in potential cropland.
Farm‐Level Fertilizer Demand in Java: A Meta‐Production Function Approach
Authors: Pitt Mark M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper models seed variety choice and the demand for variable inputs as jointly determined by profit‐maximizing cultivators. The approach parallels that of Hayami and Ruttan, who postulated that changes in the output‐fertilizer price ratio induce movements along a meta‐fertilizer response function, the envelope of individual variety‐specific response surfaces. Ignoring the possibility of seed variety switching leads to underestimates of fertilizer demand elasticities. In addition, estimation with samples reflecting a single seed variety may involve serious selection bias. A two‐stage procedure which adjusts for selectivity bias is used to estimate the model with farm‐level data from Java.
Empirical Analysis of Soviet Agricultural Production and Policy
Authors: Wyzan Michael L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper employs production function analysis to examine a number of pivotal issues concerning the Soviet agricultural sector. Estimates of three input translog production functions for five agricultural commodities grown in the Soviet Union from 1960–76 are reported. These results are used to draw inferences on such matters as the rationality of Soviet agricultural factor pricing, the nature of agricultural returns to scale in the USSR, and the scope of factor substitution in that country. The empirical evidence suggests that Soviet decisions in the sphere of agricultural production, contrary to the conventional wisdom, are well‐founded technologically.
A Trend Projection of High Fructose Corn Syrup Substitution for Sugar
Authors: Carman Hoy F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHigh fructose corn syrup is a comparatively low‐priced sugar substitute which is experiencing rapid demand growth. A simple logistical trend model suggests that both per capita and total U.S. sugar consumption will decrease for several years as high fructose corn syrup is adopted. The impact on domestic sugar producers under current policy is minimal with costs borne primarily by sugar‐exporting countries. Food manufacturers can reduce production costs, and some of this may be passed to consumers in lower product prices. Per capita consumer savings, however, will be small. The impact on corn prices also will be small.