bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent decreased expression of candidate tumor suppressor gene, DEC1, and its anchorage‐independent growth properties and impact on global gene expression in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Leung Alfred Chi Chung , Wong Victor Chun Lam , Yang Li Chun , Chan Pui Ling , Daigo Yataro , Nakamura Yusuke , Qi Robert Z. , Miller Lance David , Liu Edison Tak‐Bun , Wang Li Dong , Li Ji‐Lin , Law Simon , Tsao Sai Wah , Lung Maria Li 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPrevious studies showed that expression of the novel candidate tumor suppressor gene, DEC1 (Deleted in Esophageal Cancer 1), is reduced in esophageal carcinoma and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in nude mice. This study shows that DEC1 gene expression was downregulated in 100% of 16 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and 52 and 45%, respectively, of esophageal tumor specimens from Hong Kong and a high‐risk ESCC region of Henan, China. Using epitope tagging, the DEC1 protein was localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell. In 3D Matrigel culture, no significant difference in colony numbers formed was observed for DEC1 stable transfectants, as compared to vector‐alone transfectant controls. However, significantly smaller colony sizes were observed for the DEC1 transfectants. In in vitro cell migration, invasion and soft agar assays of DEC1 transfectants, only the soft agar assay showed statistically significant differences in colony numbers with the vector‐alone controls, indicating that DEC1 may be involved in anchorage‐independent cell growth. In addition, the global gene expression affected by DEC1 in tumor‐suppressive stable transfectants was investigated using cDNA oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. Three candidate genes, TFPI‐2, GDF15 and DUSP6, were identified through this approach; they are downregulated in tumor segregants of DEC1 stable transfectants, ESCC cell lines and esophageal tumors and have a potential role in tumor growth and progression. These studies show that DEC1 is involved in esophageal cancer development and help elucidate its functional role in tumor development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EZH2, Ki‐67 and MCM7 are prognostic markers in prostatectomy treated patients
Authors: Laitinen Sari , Martikainen Paula M. , Tolonen Teemu , Isola Jorma , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Visakorpi Tapio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Ki‐67, EZH2, MCM7 and EIF3S3 in prostatectomy treated patients. A retrospective population‐based material of 249 radical prostatectomy specimens on tissue microarrays was utilized. The median follow‐up of the patients was ∼5.5 years and the main end‐point was biochemical progression. The expression of Ki‐67, EZH2 and MCM7 was determined by immunohistochemistry and the gene copy number of EIF3S3 was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In the whole material, increased immunostainings of EZH2, MCM7 and Ki‐67 were significantly associated with a high Gleason score and a short progression‐free survival. In multivariate analysis, MCM7 and Ki‐67 showed independent prognostic value with relative risks (RR) of 2.65 (95%‐confidence interval of 1.22–5.70), and 1.85 (1.14–3.01), respectively. In subgroup analysis of patients, whose treatment was evaluated to be truly radical (n = 226), EZH2 (3.14, 1.38–7.16), MCM7 (2.70, 1.16–6.30) and PSA (1.5, 1.03–2.20) showed independent prognostic value. In subgroup analysis of cases with a Gleason score <7, low Ki‐67 staining was associated with favorable prognosis with RR of 0.09 (0.01–0.69). In conclusion, Ki‐67, EZH2 and MCM7 are potential prognostic biomarkers in prostatectomy treated patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HCCRBP‐1 directly interacting with HCCR‐1 induces tumorigenesis through P53 stabilization
Authors: Ha Seon‐Ah , Shin Seung Min , Lee Yong Jin , Kim Sanghee , Kim Hyun Kee , Namkoong Hong , Lee Heejeong , Lee Youn Soo , Cho Young‐Seok , Park Yong Gyu , Jeon Hae Myung , Oh Changkyu , Kim Jin Woo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOncogene HCCR‐1 functions as a negative regulator of the p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis of various human tissues. HCCR transgenic mice developed breast cancers but it is unknown how HCCR‐1 contributes to human tumorigenesis. This study identified a HCCR‐1‐binding protein 1 (HCCRBP‐1) as an HCCR binding partner by performing yeast two hybrid screening. Their endogenous interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. These two proteins colocalized in the mitochondria. HCCRBP‐1 was overexpressed in various human tumors. In addition, HCCRBP‐1 alone converted NIH/3T3 cells into tumor cells in combination with no other oncogenes. HCCRBP‐1 induced tumorigenesis by markedly activating PKC activities but decreasing the pro‐apoptotic PKCα and PKCδ isoform levels. We observed that p53 stabilization also occurred with functional impairment in HCCRBP‐1‐transfected 293 cells, as indicated by defective induction of p21, MDM2 and bax. Indeed, HCCRBP‐1 decreased p21 promoter activity probably via p53 stabilization leading to the defective function. These results indicate that HCCRBP‐1 oncogene induces p53 stabilization and thereby contributes to tumorigenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local irradiation in combination with bevacizumab enhances radiation control of bone destruction and cancer‐induced pain in a model of bone metastases
Authors: Zwolak Pawel , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Bodempudi Vidya D. , Nguyen Julia , Hebbel Robert P. , Gallus Nathan J. , Ericson Marna E. , Goblirsch Michael J. , Clohisy Denis R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSkeletal metastases are a major source of morbidity for cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of megavoltage irradiation and antiangiogenic therapy on metastatic bone cancer. A tumor xenograft model was prepared in C3H/Scid mice using 4T1 murine breast carcinoma cells. Twenty‐eight mice bearing tumors were treated with either bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), local megavoltage irradiation (30 Gy in 1 fraction), combination of bevacizumab and local megavoltage irradiation or physiologic saline solution (control group). Tumor area, bone destruction, tumor microvessel density, pain‐associated behaviors and expression of substance P were assessed. Combined modality treatment reduced the frequency of pain‐associated behaviors, decreased levels of nociceptive protein expression in the spinal cord, maintained cortical integrity and decreased the density of microvessels as compared to single modality treatments. We conclude that concurrent antiangiogenic therapy and localized radiotherapy for the treatment of bone metastases warrants further evaluation in human clinical trials. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging tissue engineering scaffolds using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Sun Yen , Tan Hsin‐Yuan , Lin Sung‐Jan , Lee Hsuan‐Shu , Lin Tzu‐Yu , Jee Shiou‐Hwa , Young Tai‐Horng , Lo Wen , Chen Wei‐Liang , Dong Chen‐Yuan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this study, we combined two‐photon autofluorescence and second harmonic generation imaging to investigate the three‐dimensional microstructure and nonlinear optical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds. We focused on five different types of scaffold materials commonly used in tissue engineering, including: open‐cell polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, collagen composite scaffold, collagraft bone graft matrix strip, and nylon. By the use of multiphoton microscopy and a motorized stage, we obtained high resolution, spectrally resolved structural information of the scaffolds over large areas or in three‐dimensions. Our results show that the nonlinear optical properties of the scaffolds will enable us to spectrally and morphologically distinguish the different types of scaffold materials investigated. We envision multiphoton microscopy to be a useful technique in tissue engineering applications in understanding the interplay between cultured cells and the scaffold materials. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
mGluR1 agonists elicit a Ca2+ signal and membrane hyperpolarization mediated by apamin‐sensitive potassium channels in immature rat purkinje neurons
Authors: Netzeband Jeffrey G. , Gruol Donna L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) plays an import role in the synaptic physiology and development of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. mGluR1 expression occurs early in the developmental program of Purkinje neurons, at an age that precedes expression of the dendritic structure. Few studies have investigated the physiological response produced by mGluR1 activation in early‐developing Purkinje neurons. To address this question, simultaneous recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ was performed in immature cultured Purkinje neurons coupled with exogenous application of mGluR1 agonists. Membrane potential was measured using the perforated patch method of whole‐cell recording, and intracellular Ca2+ was measured using fura‐2‐based Ca2+ imaging. Brief, 1‐sec micropressure application of the group I mGluR‐selective agonist (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) evoked a prominent Ca2+ signal and coincident fast hyperpolarization in the immature neurons. The mGluR1‐selective antagonist 7‐(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen‐1a‐carboxylate ethyl ester blocked the Ca2+ signal and fast hyperpolarization, confirming the involvement of mGluR1s. Amplitude of the fast hyperpolarization varied as a function of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ and was blocked by apamin, an antagonist of the small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel (SK), identifying this K+ channel as an underlying mechanism. In similar experiments with mature cultured Purkinje neurons, DHPG elicited a Ca2+ signal, but fast membrane hyperpolarization was not evident. These results suggest that mGluR1 activation and the resulting release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and activation of SK channels may be a mechanism through which mGluR1 can modulate neuronal excitability of Purkinje neurons during early development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bcl‐2 genes regulate noise‐induced hearing loss
Authors: Yamashita Daisuke , Minami Shujiro B. , Kanzaki Sho , Ogawa Kaoru , Miller Josef M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractProteins of the Bcl‐2 family have been implicated in control of apoptotic pathways modulating neuronal cell death, including noise‐induced hearing loss. In this study, we assessed the expressions of anti‐ and proapoptotic Bcl‐2 genes, represented by Bcl‐xL and Bak following noise exposures, which yielded temporary threshold shift (TTS) or permanent threshold shift (PTS). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were assessed at 4, 8, and 16 kHz before exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 following exposure to 100 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 1 hr (TTS) or 120 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 5 hr (PTS). On day 10, subjects were euthanized. ABR thresholds increased following both exposures, fully recovered following the TTS exposure, and showed a 22.6 dB (4 kHz), 42.5 dB (8 kHz), and 44.9 dB (16 kHz) mean shift on day 10 following the PTS exposure. PTS was accompanied by outer hair cell loss progressing epically and basally from the 4‐kHz region. Additional animals were euthanized for immunohistochemical assessment. BcL‐xL was robustly expressed in outer hair cells following TTS exposure, whereas Bak was expressed following PTS exposure. These results indicate an important role of the Bcl‐2 family proteins in regulating sensory cell survival or death following intense noise. Bcl‐xL plays an essential role in prevention of sensory cell death following TTS levels of noise, and PTS exposure provokes the expression of Bak and, with that, cell death. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polystyrene with Improved Chain‐End Functionality and Higher Molecular Weight by ARGET ATRP
Authors: Jakubowski Wojciech , Kirci‐Denizli Betul , Gil Roberto R. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe bromine chain‐end functionality of polystyrene (PSt) prepared by activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) was analyzed using 500 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Bulk polymerization of styrene (St) was carried out with 50 ppm of copper in the presence of tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN) ligand and tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate [Sn(EH)2] reducing agent at 90 °C. Due to the use of a low concentration of an active Cu/ligand catalyst complex, it was possible to significantly decrease the occurrence of catalyst‐based side reactions (β‐H elimination). As a result, compared to PSt prepared via normal ATRP, PSt with improved chain‐end functionality was obtained. For example, at 92% monomer conversion in normal ATRP only 48% of chains retained chain‐end functionality, whereas 87% of the chains in an ARGET ATRP still contained halogen functionality. PSt with controlled molecular weight ($\overline M _{{\rm n,NMR}}$ = 11 600 g · mol−1, $\overline M _{{\rm n,theor}.}$ = 9 600 g · mol−1) and narrow molecular weight distribution ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.14) was prepared under these conditions. In addition, as a result of decreased frequency of side reactions in ARGET ATRP, PSt with relatively high molecular weight was successfully prepared ($\overline M _{{\rm n,GPC}}$ = 185 000 g · mol−1, $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.35).magnified image
Tacticity as a Factor Contributing to the Thermal Stability of Polystyrene
Authors: Chen Kai , Harris Kehley , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTGA has been used to study the thermal degradation of PS in atactic (aPS), syndiotactic (sPS), and isotactic (iPS) forms. Thermal stability of sPS is similar to that of aPS, whereas iPS degrades at a notably higher temperature. TGA‐FT‐IR data do not show any obvious difference in the degradation products of the three materials. Isoconversional kinetic analysis of non‐isothermal TGA data yields somewhat higher activation energy for degradation of iPS than for aPS that is found to result in a smaller rate constant for iPS. Another important factor contributing to slower degradation rate of iPS is found to be the reaction model that has been experimentally determined from isothermal TGA measurements. The enhanced thermal stability of iPS correlates with its hindered molecular mobility that appears to originate from intramolecular confinement. The hindered mobility has been detected by comparing the glass transition dynamics in amorphous iPS and aPS samples. By using multi‐frequency temperature modulated DSC (TOPEM®) it has been demonstrated that the activation energy of the glass transition is noticeably larger for iPS than for aPS that supports the hypothesis of the slowed down molecular mobility.magnified image
Extruded Biodegradable Cast Films from Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Thermoplastic Starch Blends: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Parulekar Yashodhan , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPHA‐based extruded films were developed by blending PHAs with thermoplastic starch using extensive process engineering based on structure‐property correlations. Starch was destructurized and plasticized followed by melt‐blending with PHA and PBAT. Dynamic mechanical analysis coupled with Gibbs free energy values indicated that the starch plastic was performing the role of a dual compatibilizer in between the PHA and the PBAT phases in the blend. Aging, an inherent problem with starch‐based materials and PHA‐based materials, was effectively reduced by limiting the moisture uptake of the starch component, hindering the leaching of glycerol and inhibiting the secondary crystallization of the PHA component in the films.magnified image
Synthesis of Aminoazobenzene‐Containing Diblock Copolymer and Photoinduced Deformation Behavior of its Micelle‐Like Aggregates
Authors: Wang Dongrui , Ye Gang , Wang Xiaogong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA precursor polymer PEO‐b‐PEMA that contains anilino moieties is synthesized from EPAEMA by ATRP by using a PEOBr macroinitiator and CuBr/HMTETA catalyst system. The aminoazobenzene‐containing block copolymer PEO‐b‐PCN is obtained by the azo‐coupling reaction between PEO‐b‐PEMA and the diazonium salt of 4‐aminobenzonitrile. Results show that PEO‐b‐PCN has a narrow molecular weight distribution and the repeat unit numbers of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks are 122 and 200, respectively. PEO‐b‐PCN can form uniform spherical aggregates by gradually adding water into its THF solution. Upon irradiation with a linearly polarized Ar+ laser beam, the spherical aggregates can be significantly elongated in the polarization direction of the light.magnified image
Synthesis of Well‐Defined Amphiphilic Core–Shell Particles Containing Amine‐Rich Shells
Authors: Li Weiying , Li Pei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new route to synthesize amphiphilic core–shell particles that consist of well‐defined hydrophobic polymer cores and poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) shells has been developed. The PVAm was treated with a small amount of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide to generate free radicals that subsequently initiated both graft‐ and homo‐polymerization of vinyl monomer such as n‐butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene. Stable particles in the range from 100 to 250 nm in diameter with very narrow size distributions (polydispersity index between 1.08 and 1.15) were produced in high yields. TEM images of the particles revealed that they had well‐defined core–shell nanostructures with thick and hairy PVAm shells. The structures of the vinyl monomer and water‐soluble polymer were found to strongly influence the formation of particles and their sizes.magnified image
Ordering Cylindrical Microdomains for Binary Blends of Block Copolymers with Graphoepitaxy
Authors: Chen Feng , Akasaka Satoshi , Inoue Tomohiro , Takenaka Mikihito , Hasegawa Hirokazu , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe morphology of a thin film was studied for a binary mixture of asymmetric PS‐b‐PMMA block copolymers on a flat silicon wafer coated with 50 nm thick silicon oxide. AFM and TEM reveal that the PMMA cylinders orient perpendicular to the substrate by tuning the film thickness. Furthermore, grating substrates with different width and depth are used to guide the alignment of the perpendicular cylinders. As a result, an array of highly ordered, hexagonally packed PMMA cylinders in the PS matrix with a domain spacing of less than 25 nm has been produced.magnified image
Antifreeze Properties of Polyglycidol Block Copolymers
Authors: Baruch Eti , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a new biomimetic approach to the synthesis of block copolymers with antifreeze properties. Our approach focuses on the design of block copolymers that mimic the structure and functionality of antifreeze proteins. Hyperbranched copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide)‐polyethyleneimine blocks and polyglycidol side chains were synthesized and their antifreeze properties were studied. It is shown that these block copolymers can lower the freezing point of water up to 0.8 °C at a relatively low concentration (1 mg · mL−1). From DSC measurements it is proven that polyglycidol block copolymers slow down the crystallization kinetics of ice and lead to changes in the ice crystal morphology, as observed by cryo‐optical microscopy.magnified image
Coarse‐Grained Simulations of Elongational Viscosities, Superposition Rheology and Shear Banding in Model Core–Shell Systems
Authors: van den Noort A. , Briels W. J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA recently developed coarse‐grain model is used to investigate nonlinear rheological properties of model core–shell systems. The influence of several model parameters on the stresses and shear rates is investigated. Continuous planar elongational flow and superposition rheology are studied and compared to simple shear flow results. With particular values of the model parameters, an initially linear velocity profile splits into many bands with different shear rates and different densities, which finally merge into just two bands stacked along the gradient direction. With the box sizes used in our simulations, stick and Lees–Edwards boundary conditions lead to qualitatively similar results, with the stick boundary simulations showing better quantitative agreement with experiments.magnified image
On the Production of Polyolefins with Bimodal Molecular Weight and Copolymer Composition Distributions in Catalytic Gas‐Phase Fluidized‐Bed Reactors
Authors: Chatzidoukas Christos , Kanellopoulos Vassileios , Kiparissides Costas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA comprehensive mathematical model is developed for the dynamic calculation of the molecular distributed properties (i.e. MWD and CCD) in a gas‐phase, catalytic, ethylene‐1‐butene copolymerization, FBR, taking into account the various kinetic, micro‐ and macroscopic phenomena in the reactor. The effects of the two single‐site catalyst mass fractions and reactor operating conditions on the production of polyolefins with ‘tailor‐made’ bimodal molecular properties are investigated. It is shown that PE grades with either a bimodal MWD or CCD can be produced in a single FBR, using a mixture of two single‐site catalysts under properly selected operating conditions.magnified image
Characterizing Pseudodendrimers, 1
Authors: Johnson Dave M. , Wang Junyan , Ponomarenko Vadim 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGraph theory was used to analyze a series of small pseudodendrimeric structures. Descriptive indices were developed to characterize the pseudodendrimer graphs. The relative proportion of these dendrimers in typical samples was estimated based on three growth models. Weighted average values for the descriptive indices over typical aggregate samples were found to differ only slightly from values for perfect dendrimers.magnified image
Morphology Transition of Block Copolymers under Curved Confinement
Authors: Xiao Xingqing , Huang Yongmin , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe morphology transitions in AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymers confined between flat and curved surfaces were investigated by MC simulations. Upon variation of the extent of frustration between thickness d and bulk lamellae period L0, parallel and vertical or distorted vertical lamellar structures appear in both flat and curved confinements. With increasing curvature, the compatibility of d and L0 becomes more perturbed so that perfectly parallel lamellae are formed with increasing difficulty. Owing to the smaller L0 of ABA as compared to AB, the transformation frequency of the incompatible region of d/L0(ABA) is more notable for ABA and the corresponding transformation period is larger than that of AB.magnified image
A macro‐element for a circular foundation to simulate 3D soil–structure interaction
Authors: Grange S. , Kotronis P. , Mazars J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a non‐linear interface element to compute soil–structure interaction (SSI) based on the macro‐element concept. The particularity of this approach lies in the fact that the foundation is supposed to be infinitely rigid and its movement is entirely described by a system of global variables (forces and displacements) defined in the foundation's centre. The non‐linear behaviour of the soil is reproduced using the classical theory of plasticity. Failure is described by the interaction diagram of the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation under combined loads.The macro‐element is appropriate for modelling the cyclic or dynamic response of
structures subjected to seismic action. More specifically, the element is able to simulate the behaviour of a circular rigid shallow foundation considering the plasticity of the soil under monotonic static or cyclic loading applied in three directions. It is implemented into FedeasLab, a finite element Matlab toolbox. Comparisons with experimental monotonic static and cyclic results show the good performance of the approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.