bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE ON CELL RENEWAL AND MITOTIC CYCLES IN SEX ACCESSORY GLANDS OF CASTRATED MICE
Authors: Tuohimaa Pentti , Niemi Mikko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of testosterone propionate on cell renewal rate and mitotic cycle of castrated mice was investigated. 0.25 mg of the hormone was given thrice at 24 h intervals and 50 μc of 3H-thymidine was injected simultaneously with the last hormone injection. After this the mice were killed at 1 to 2 h intervals. Ventral prostates and seminal vesicles were weighed and the thymidine incorporation into their epithelia determined in radioautograms. A piece of proximal small intestine was used as reference tissue.
The labelling index in the castrated control animals was 1.3 for the seminal vesicle; 68 h after testosterone treatment it was 44. The figures for the ventral prostate were 1.9 and 37, and for the small intestine 44 and 57. The mitotic index in the prostate of the experimental animals and that in the intestine of all the animals was 0.5; in the seminal vesicle it was 0.4. The mitotic index in the accessory glands of the control mice was very low. The specific activity of DNA per nucleus was higher in the hormone treated than in the control animals.
The cell cycle (TC) in the prostate was shortened from about 900 h to 20 h after testosterone. The synthetic phase (TS) was shortened from 16 to 7 h, presynthetic (TG1) phase from 900 to 10 h, whereas the postsynthetic phase (TG2) remained unchanged. The corresponding figures for the seminal vesicle were: TG2 from 4.5 to 0.5 h, TS from 12 to 7 h, TG1 from 900 to 10 h and TC from 900 to 18 h. The changes in the intestinal epithelium were less marked: TC from 22 to 16 h, TS from 8.5 to 8 h, TG1 from 12 to 6 h, while TG2 remained unchanged.
7-HYDROXYLATION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN HUMAN FOETAL LIVER, ADRENALS AND CHORION IN VITRO
Authors: Sulcová Jarmila , Čapková Alena , Jirásek J. Ev. , Stárka L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tissues from 30 human foetuses aged 5 to 22 weeks were used for the investigation of Δ5-steroid 7-hydroxylase activity. Homogenised liver, adrenals and chorion were incubated with dehydroepiandrosterone or 4-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone; 7α- and 7β-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone were identified as incubation products. Conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to 7-hydroxylated compounds per 100 mg tissue was found to be highest in the liver and lowest in the chorion. No definite dependence of 7-hydroxylase activity on the developmental stage of the foetus was observed.
STIMULATION OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY SEROTONIN
Authors: Müller Jürg , Ziegler Walter H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The dialysable fraction of rat serum, which was previously shown to stimulate aldosterone production in rat adrenal sections, was chromatographed on Sephadex G-25. Fluorescence spectra indicated that a 5-hydroxyindole derivative was present in the active eluate fraction. The aldosterone-stimulating activity of serum dialysate had a similar retention volume to serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan, but was separated from other indole derivatives. Addition of small amounts of pure serotonin to the incubation medium led to a significant and dose-dependent increase of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone production but did not affect corticosterone production. At higher concentrations, 5-methoxytryptamine, bufotenine and 5-hydroxytryptophan also stimulated aldosterone biosynthesis, whereas a number of other substances chemically or pharmacologically related to serotonin were found to be inactive. Two different serotonin antagonists completely blocked the aldosterone-stimulating effects of serotonin and rat serum but did not influence aldosterone stimulation by ACTH. Serotonin stimulated the incorporation of tritiated cholesterol into aldosterone but not the incorporation of tritiated pregnenolone, indicating that it acts on the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone.
STUDIES ON HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Schuurs A. H. W. M. , de Jager E. , Homan J. D. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Preparations of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) with varying degrees of homogeneity were investigated immunochemically. The preparations were compared qualitatively by combined starch gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis in agar, and, quantitatively by haemagglutination inhibition and by complement fixation reactions. The components present in pure HCG preparations which differed in electrophoretic mobilities, in N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) content and in biological potencies, appeared to be immunochemically identical. This implies that results of immunochemical and biological estimations need not correlate with each other. This finding is compared with relevant data in the literature.
It is proposed to use the 2nd International Standard for HCG for both immunochemical and biological estimations, but, because of the fundamental difference between the results of the two types of estimations, to express the immunochemically determined values in »International Immunochemical Units« (IIU).
INSULIN SECRETION FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF SECRETIN IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Deckert Torsten 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin secretion following the intravenous injection of 75 units of secretin was studied in 8 non-obese diabetics of various types. Six of these patients were also tested by intravenous injection of 25 g of d-glucose. While the secretion of insulin was greatly reduced following stimulation with glucose, it was normal or greater than normal following the administration of secretin. This is taken to indicate that while the release of insulin from the β-cell into the blood stream is normal in the diabetic organism, it is the glucose metabolism in the β-cell that is disturbed.
THYROGLOBULIN IMMUNITY
Authors: Medda A. K. , Premachandra B. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles immersed in a medium containing thyroxine (T4) occurred in 58 days, whereas 79 days were required for tadpoles treated with albumin + T4 complex in media, and at 121 days 50 % metamorphosis occurred in the group whose medium contained normal rabbit serum + T4. No metamorphosis occurred in tadpoles which had rabbit antiporcine thyroglobulin + T4 complex in media. Similarly the retardation of hind limb growth in comparison to the control at 58 days was most severe in animals treated with antithyroglobulin + T4 complex in media (74.3 % depression) followed by normal serum + T4 (60.1 % less) and bovine albumin + T4 complex (30 % inhibition) treated animals. In further investigations, in comparison to controls (only 125I-T4 in media), 62.4%, 77.0%, and 82.4% less 125I-T4 concentration was seen in viscera, tail, and carcass respectively of tadpoles treated with immune globulin + 125I-T4 in the media, whereas no change was seen in the group treated with normal gammaglobulin + 125I-T4 complex; similarly no changes in visceral 125I-T4 concentration were noted in groups whose media contained thyroglobulin in complex with 125I-T4. Present investigations therefore show that normal rabbit serum (apparently any good T4 binding protein) is a potent inhibitor of metamorphosis of tadpoles, the effectiveness mediated at least in part, on the inability of the larva to split thyroxine-protein complexes in their body. Antiporcine thyroglobulin rabbit serum was shown to be superior to normal rabbit serum in inhibiting tadpole metamorphosis, evidently due to additional T4 binding sites provided by the immune globulin. Available evidence indicates that antithyroglobulin binding of T4 is distinct and is evidently not due to thyroglobulin that may be in complex with the thyroid antibody.
EFFECTS OF TRANSPLANTED PITUITARY GLANDS FROM NON-ARTERIOSCLEROTIC VIRGIN AND ARTERIOSCLEROTIC BREEDER DONORS TO HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Wexler Bernard C. , Saroff Jack 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypophysectomized female weanling rats were transplanted with heterotrophic pituitary glands removed from male and female virgin and breeder rats. The virgin rats were normal whereas the breeder rats had varying degrees of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and other degenerative diseases. The multiple ectopic pituitary glands, regardless of donor source, were equally effective in maintaining growth, thymus, adrenal, heart, kidney, and ovarian weight and serum corticosterone levels well above the hypophysectomized controls but not equal to normal controls. Histological evidence rather than gravimetric or serum corticosterone data suggests that the pituitary glands of repeatedly bred female rats may contain extra gonadotrophic and adrenocorticotrophic activity.
UTERINE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND BLASTOCYST IMPLANTATION DURING ALTERED THYROID ACTIVITY
Authors: Holland James P. , Calhoun F. J. , Harris N. N. , Walton N. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using the technique of delayed implantation of blastocysts in the rat, hyperthyroidism counteracts the effects of progesterone deficiency upon blastocyst survival and implantation while hypothyroidism contributes to the severity of the progesterone deficiency. In non-pregnant rats, treated in a manner to duplicate the delayed implantation experiments, the localization pattern of alkaline phosphatase within the uterine endometrium closely corresponds with the fate of the blastocysts. Hyperthyroidism during progesterone deficiency restores to normal the distribution of uterine alkaline phosphatase while hypothyroidism is associated with a further depletion of uterine alkaline phosphatase. Oxygen consumption studies indicate that the changes in the alkaline phosphatase are not associated with changes in the general uterine metabolism.
OBESITY AS AN ADDITIONAL FACTOR IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES
Authors: Luft Rolf , Cerasi Erol , Andersson Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma insulin response to glucose infusion was measured in obese subjects with normal and decreased intravenous glucose tolerance.
In obese non-diabetic subjects there was insulin hyperresponsiveness to glucose accompanied by peripheral resistance to endogenous insulin. In the obese diabetic subjects insulin response was of the type seen in non-obese diabetics; in no such instance could insulin hyperresponsiveness to glucose be obtained.
It is suggested that obesity precipitates diabetes only in subjects with preexisting impairment of insulin response, i. e. in prediabetics. Subjects with unimpaired insulin secreting capacity would overcome the diabetogenic effect of obesity by compensatory hyperinsulinism.
TOTAL URINARY HYDROXYPROLINE EXCRETION BEFORE AND AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH BONE METASTASES FROM BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: Ditzel Jørn , Jordal Robert , Riskær Niels 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Recent investigations indicate that the urinary excretion of total hydroxyproline is a measure of the metabolism of collagen, particularly the bone matrix.
The total hydroxyproline excretion has been determined in 28 women with bone metastases from breast cancer, and in 12 healthy volunteers. In 22 of the 28 cases with bone metastases the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was measured shortly before and repeated shortly after hypophysectomy. In addition, the measurements were repeated 3 to 12 months after hypophysectomy in 8 of the patients.
The mean excretion of hydroxyproline was significantly higher in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (52.9 mg/24 h) than in healthy subjects (22.1 mg/24 h). A correlation was found between the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and serum alkaline phosphatase levels.
The mean excretion of total hydroxyproline was 51.0 mg/24 h before hypophysectomy and 63.8 mg/24 h after hypophysectomy. This difference is not statistically significant.
Determinations of urinary hydroxyproline excretion in patients with breast cancer has not been found of great value in the assessment of the clinical condition of these patients.
EFFECT OF THYROCALCITONIN AND THYROXINE ON EXPERIMENTAL METASTATIC CALCIFICATION
Authors: Côté G. , Gabbiani G. , Tuchweber B. , Déziel C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments on rats indicate that thyrocalcitonin inhibits the metastatic calcification and bone lesions induced by bilateral nephrectomy. In nephrectomized animals, thyroxine does not modify the changes induced by endogenous (uraemic) or exogenous hyperparathyroidism. This is especially noteworthy because this hormone is highly effective against the lesions produced in intact animals by parathyroid extract overdosage. In the absence of the kidneys, thyrocalcitonin decreases calcaemia while thyroxine increases both calcaemia and phosphataemia.
Presumably, to be effective against soft-tissue calcification and bone resorption induced by parathyroid extract overdosage, thyroxine requires the presence of the kidney. On the other hand, it appears that the thyroparathyroid apparatus is necessary for the calcium-lowering activity of this hormone.
EFFECTS OF THE MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE AND OF AN INDUCED SERUM FACTOR ON EYE PERMEABILITY AND SERUM LEVEL OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Dyster-Aas H. K. , Krakau C. E. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A subcutaneous injection of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) in the rabbit may give an aqueous flare response (permeability disturbance in the ciliary body) and serum from such a rabbit may induce a similar effect in another rabbit. Serum from this rabbit may in the next rabbit induce the same effect. The permeability effect obtained by serum injection is not accompanied by a free fatty acid (FFA) release, in contrast to the MSH effect. The FFA are not a prerequisite for a flare effect, though they may play a role in the production of the serum factor. The serum factor can hardly be a MSH compound.
PATTERNS OF URINARY FSH EXCRETION DURING OVULATORY AND ANOVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES
Authors: Persson Bengt H. , McCormick William G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and pregnanediol excretion were studied in 21 menstruating young females. Seventeen cycles showed evidence of ovulation and 4 cycles were anovulatory. The data were plotted using the menstrual period as the focus. The normal FSH excretion pattern showed two main peaks, one during menstruation and the other postovulatory. The fundamental difference in the two types of cycles was the absence of a FSH peak during menstruation in the anovulatory cycle. The clinical application and endocrine significance of these findings are discussed.
METABOLISM OF OESTRIOL-3-SULPHATE-16-GLUCOSIDURONATE IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A combination of 3H-labelled oestriol-3-sulphate-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-3S,16Gl) and 14C-labelled oestriol-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-16Gl) was infused over a 6 hour period to one woman at midpregnancy and to another woman with missed abortion in the 4th month of gestation. The urinary metabolites were isolated and identified. Sixty-four per cent of the 3H- and about 80 % of the 14C-labelled material was excreted in the urine within 24 hours. Some 20 % of the 3H-labelled, but only 2–3 % of the 14C-labelled material recovered was OE3-3S,16Gl. Approximately one half of the 3H-, but less than one-third of the 14C-labelled material was oestriol-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3Gl). On the other hand, more than two-thirds of the 14C-labelled material, but less than one-third of the 3H-labelled was OE3-16Gl.
The urinary elimination of OE3-3S,16Gl was much slower than that of OE3-16Gl and resembled closely the behaviour of oestriol-3-sulphate (OE3-3S) in this respect.
The amounts of endogenous OE3-3S,16Gl and OE3-16Gl reaching the circulation each hour were calculated from their urinary excretion and from the relationship of infused and excreted labelled OE3-3S,16Gl and OE3-16Gl.
On the basis of these estimates it is concluded that OE3-3S,16Gl is a quantitatively important constituent of pregnancy plasma, but not of pregnancy urine.
It is suggested that OE3-3S,16Gl is formed mainly, if not entirely from OE3-16Gl, most probably in the liver and perhaps also in the gastrointestinal tract.
A general scheme is presented, describing the over-all metabolism of conjugated oestriol.
NUCLEAR SHAPE VARIATIONS IN THE FASCICULAR ZONE OF THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND
Authors: Åhrén Chr. , Hansson G. , Hedner P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Variations in nuclear volume and shape from one to 24 hours after exogenous corticotrophin (ACTH) administration have been studied in the fascicular zone of the rat adrenal gland. It appeared that ACTH gave rise to a transient rounding of the normally ovoid nucleus. The change in nuclear eccentricity was maximal at 6 hours and returned to normal within 9 hours. This variation in shape was concomitant with the initial stage of a more prolonged increase in nuclear volume as well as with a more transient elevation of the free plasma and adrenal tissue corticosteroid levels. Nuclear shape variations presumably constitute a morphological indication of increased cellular activity. It is pointed out that karyometric determination of nuclear shape variations might serve as a supplementary parameter in studies of adrenocortical function.
NUCLEAR SHAPE VARIATIONS IN THE FASCICULAR ZONE OF THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND
Authors: Åhrén Chr. , Hansson G. , Hedner P. , Lundin P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nuclear shape and volume variations in the fascicular zone of the remaining adrenal gland 1 to 24 hours after unilateral adrenalectomy, have been studied in normal and hypophysectomized rats. It appeared that the nuclei temporarily assumed a more rounded shape, a change which was most pronounced 6 hours after unilateral adrenalectomy. At 12 hours the nuclei had regained their normal ovoid shape. The nuclear volume increased concomitantly but was still high at 12 hours. Hypophysectomy completely blocked the effect of unilateral adrenalectomy. The fascicular nuclei on the contrary were abnormally elongated in hypophysectomized animals. The results add further evidence to the hypothesis that shape variation in the fascicular nuclei of the adrenal cortex is an indication of cellular activity. This shape variation has also been shown to be associated with pituitary function.
DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE DIFFERENT LOBES OF THE RAT PROSTATE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE-1,2-3H
Authors: Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone-1,2-3H with a specific activity of 46.5 c/mm was given intramuscularly to 3–4 months old, randomly selected rats, castrated 3 days before the injection. Radioactivity was measured in specimens from the ventral, dorsal and lateral prostatic lobes, and from the coagulating gland. A selective uptake of radioactivity relative to muscle tissue, was found in all parts of the prostate, with the same general pattern of incorporation. When correlated to wet weight, the maximum radioactivity was found in the lateral lobe. Eight hours after the injection the radioactivity in the lateral prostate was about 24 times higher than in muscle. The corresponding ratios for the ventral and dorsal lobes were 20:1 and 11:1, respectively. It is suggested that most of the radioactivity is localized within the cells, with minimal amounts of radioactivity in the secretory fluid.
EFFECT OF LARGE DOSES OF RADIOIODINE ON THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Djurdjević Dj. , Jovanović M. , Krainčanić M. , Sinadinović J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of a large dose of radioiodine on the soluble proteins in the thyroid glands of rats has been investigated. Up to the fourth day no effect of radiation from 131I was observed either on the total quantity of soluble proteins or on the relative amounts of fractions 19S and 3–8S in the gland. Later, a progressive decrease of fraction 19S occurred with a parallel increase in fraction 3–8S. At 13 days, the quantity of 19S thyroglobulin per 100 mg of tissue was 14 % of the value found on the first day. At the same time the total amount of extracted soluble proteins decreased to about 50 % of the initial value.
These changes can be explained: (a) by the transfer of thyroglobulin from the damaged follicles into the circulation; (b) by a decrease of thyroglobulin synthesis; and (c) by inhibition of the process of polymerization of protein fractions which are the precursors of thyroglobulin.
EFFECT OF LARGE DOSES OF RADIOIODINE ON THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Jovanović M. , Djurdjević Dj. , Sinadinović J. , Krainčanić M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pathological iodoprotein which appears in the blood of rats after the administration of a large dose of radioiodine was investigated. For the separation and identification of this iodoprotein gel filtration, sucrose density gradient and analytical ultracentrifugation were used. It was established that this iodoprotein in the blood represents thyroglobulin 19S which is leaving the thyroid gland damaged by the large dose of irradiation. In rats treated with Na131I (a single dose of 150 μc/100 g body weight) thyroglobulin was found in the blood 24 hours after the administration of the radioisotope. The concentration increased up to the fifth day and then decreased, while on the 11th day the thyroglobulin could no longer be detected.
The dynamics of the appearance of the thyroglobulin, and its concentration in the blood serum could possibly serve as an indicator of the radiation effect of high doses of radioiodine, both in experimental conditions and in medical therapeutic.
VARIATIONS IN PLASMA THYROXINE DURING LABOUR AND EARLY PUERPERIUM
Authors: Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Hansen J. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Repeated determinations of plasma T4, PBI, dialysable T4 and free T4 were undertaken on 31 mothers of full-term infants and ten mothers of premature infants in the perinatal period. The blood samples were obtained 2–7 hours before delivery, at delivery, 3–6 hours after delivery, 6–12 hours after delivery and on the 2nd, 3rd–4th and 5th–6th day after birth. Similar investigations were also undertaken on cord blood. A significant increase in the mean value for plasma T4 of approximately 25 % was found from before delivery to the time of delivery. This was followed by a rapid decrease, so that a return to values observed before delivery occurred on the 2nd day after delivery. Dial. T4 did not alter during the rapid variations in the plasma T4. Plasma T4 was found to be significantly increased in maternal blood at delivery as compared with cord blood but there was no significant difference in the mean values for free T4 in the cord blood and the maternal blood at delivery, suggesting a free passive passage of T4 via the placenta. The variations found have not been described previously and they provide a possible explanation for the disagreements between the results of previous investigators. The reason for the variations and their significance in assessing possible equilibrium between free T4 in the maternal blood and cord blood are discussed.
A NEW PATHWAY OF OESTRIOL BIOSYNTHESIS IN PREGNANCY?
Authors: Shahwan M. M. , Oakey R. E. , Stitch S. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of [14C] pregnenolone with sliced adrenal tissue from a newborn anencephalic infant yielded [14C] 16α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (16α-OH-D). When [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone (D) was incubated with this tissue, [3H] 16α-OH-D could not be detected. Incubation of [3H] pregnenolone and [14C]D together in equimolar quantities yielded 16α-OH-D containing 3H but not 14C. This evidence suggests that 16α-OH-D can be formed in vitro by the adrenal of the newborn anencephalic infant from a C21 steroid by a pathway which avoids D.
16α-OH-D is an efficient precursor of oestriol in late pregnancy. The pathway demonstrated in vitro could therefore provide another source of oestriol precursor from foetal tissues, similar to that which Kirschner et al. (1966) suggested may operate in maternal tissues.