bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of TiO2 Microrod with Desired Shapes from Rod-like Titanium Glycolate
Authors: Han Jianjun , Zhang Hua , Li Yuanzhi , Zhao Xiujian , Chen Hong , Wu Zhongkui , Kim Sun-Jae , Park Kyeong Soon 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Rod-like titanium glycolate was prepared by poly-condensation of TiCl4, ethylene glycol, and water. Focusing electronic beam on one side of a titanium glycolate microrod led to bending of the micro-rod at the irradiation part. Calcination of the polymer results in formation of rod-like titania. By controlling irradiation time and changing focus position of electronic beam, we realized controllable processing of titania microrod with desired shapes, which may be find application in nano or microdevices.
A New Class of Acetophenone-based Cinchona Alkaloids as Phase-transfer Catalysts: Application to the Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Amino Acids
Authors: Lv Jian , Zhang Liping , Liu Lei , Wang Yongmei 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A new class of acetophenone-based cinchona alkaloid-derived quaternary ammonium salts were prepared and evaluated as phase-transfer catalysts in the enantioselective alkylation of glycine imine ester. +R3N-CH2COAr and electron-withdrawing 4′-NO2 moieties may play an important role leading to high enantioselectivity (85–&gt;99% ee).
Direct Sol–Gel Fabrication of Patterned Zirconia Thin Films Using Self-assembly in Phase-separated Mixed Langmuir–Blodgett Films
Authors: Shibata Hirobumi , Sato Masahiro , Sakai Hideki , Abe Masahiko , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We demonstrate a new method through sol–gel processes for the preparation of patterned zirconia thin films by using directed self-assembly into patterns reflecting the phase-separated structures of mixed Langmuir–Blodgett films. Atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy images confirmed the formation of patterned zirconia thin films.
Electrochemical Control of the Bioluminescence by Bacterial Luciferase Using Platinum-mesh Electrode
Authors: Takehara Kô , Nakashima Shinya , Yamasaki Shinya , Matsuoka Shiro 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Bioluminescence reaction by bacterial luciferase has been successfully controlled by a controlled-potential electrolysis using platinum-mesh electrode to regenerate the reduced form of flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2), which is one of the substrates of the reaction. It was found that the regeneration of FMNH2 is facilitated by the adsorbed hydrogen atoms formed on a platinum electrode surface in the presence of phosphate ions.
Inadequate adherence to antiretroviral treatment and prevention in hospital and community sites in Burkina Faso and Mali: a study by the ATARAO group
Authors: Aboubacrine S Ag , Niamba P , Boileau C , Zunzunegui M V , Machouf N , Nguyen V K , Rashed S 
Published: October 2007

Our objective was to determine the prevalence and identify the factors that influence antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among patients in Bamako and Ouagadougou. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 94 men and 176 women receiving ART. Data were collected through questionnaires and chart reviews. Logistic regressions were performed to isolate determinants of adherence. Overall, 58% of the patients were adherent, but there were differences in the levels of adherence according to country and treatment site. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with adherence. However, social characteristics such as having children, in Ouagadougou, or being a housewife and not planning to have a child in the next year, in Bamako were associated with adherence. Time on ART was negatively associated with adherence in both countries with decline occurring later in Bamako. Levels of adherence are inadequate particularly among more experienced patients. Further adherence research and monitoring using longitudinal designs are warranted to assess the extent to which adherence is declining with time on treatment.
Information and Inventory in Distribution Channels
Authors: Iyer Ganesh , Narasimhan Chakravarthi , Niraj Rakesh 
Published: October 2007

We examine the trade-offs between demand information and inventory in a distribution channel. While better demand information has a positive direct effect for the manufacturer in improving the efficiency of holding inventory in a channel, it can also have the strategic effect of increasing retail prices and limiting the extraction of retail profits. Having inventory in the channel can help the manufacturer to manage retail pricing behavior while better extracting retail surplus. Thus, even if the information system is perfectly reliable, the manufacturer might not always want to institute an information-enabled channel over a channel with inventory. We show this first in a channel with a single retailer, where the channel with perfect information is preferred over the channel with inventory only if the marginal cost of production is sufficiently high. We also analyze a channel with an imperfectly reliable information system and find that if the manufacturer were to choose the precision of the demand information system, it might not prefer perfect information, even if such information was costless to acquire. In a channel with competing retailers, the channel with perfect information is preferred when retail competition is sufficiently intense. Thus, the presence of inventory can play a role in managing competition among retailers and in helping the manufacturers to appropriate surplus especially when retailers are sufficiently differentiated.
The Janus-Faced Periphery: Cornwall & Devon in the twentieth century
Authors: Stanyer Jeffrey 
Published: October 2007

This paper offers a distinctive perspective on English regionalism based on a study ‘from below’ (of Cornwall & Devon) and on an analysis of the ‘logical demons’ contained in the concepts used to discuss the subject. Local and regional sources of evidence lead to the picture of rational analysis and argument presented by regionalists of all types - academics, politicians, administrators - dissolving into contradiction, moralising and pious moralising. The concept of peripherality is essentially contested and the concept of region both systematically misleading and insidiously ambiguous. Both words are therefore ideally suited to political argument and at the same time very dangerous for the ambitious researcher.
Ignorance, ambiguity and confusion create a licence to make claims for a wide range of alternative policies, but in the circumstances of the Far South West only certain sub-regional ‘solutions’ are likely to be beneficial to the area and popular with its leaders.
The Rise and Fall of the Polytechnics: explaining change in british higher education policy making
Authors: Carr Frank 
Published: October 2007

English
The decision of the Labour government in the mid-1960s to adopt a binary policy for British higher education and the Conservative government’s initiative in 1991 to abandon the binary divide are compared in terms off our factors drawn from public policy literature: the role of environmental factors; the emergence and impact of competing ideological perspectives; the constraints of limited funds; and the agendas and power of the policy actors. In this case study it is concluded that systems or deterministic models are of limited value in explaining change. An alternative approach is developed, drawing on the strategic choice decision-making perspective in organisation theory, which explains the rise and fall of the binary policy in terms of how the actors in the higher education policy coalition perceive and react to environmental factors and use power resources either to initiate or to block change.
Principles and Pragmatism in the ‘Privatisation’ of British Higher Education
Authors: Stone Diane 
Published: October 2007

English
The British higher education system has been a site of privatisation for nearly two decades. While this has not been officially acknowledged, an incremental and uneven process of privatisation has occurred in the context of managerial and administrative reform. Although the impetus for privatisation was initiated by Conservative governments concerned to reduce higher education funding dependence on the state, increasingly privatisation measures are being considered more widely within the higher education sector as a pragmatic response to the current funding crisis. Yet, the ground work for privatisation – the ideas, plans and proposals as well as the advocacy and agenda-shaping activities to soften public opinion in favour of fees, loans and private capital – occurred many years in advance. Accordingly, this paper provides a study of agenda setting and the gradual acceptance of privatisation ideas in higher education prior to the 1997 general election.
The Recruitment of Representatives in British Local Government: pathways and barriers
Authors: Rao Nirmala 
Published: October 2007

English
The classical model of political recruitment formulated in the United States is re-examined in the light of British evidence on the recruitment of local elected representatives. Drawing together survey evidence from the last 30 years, this article reviews the key components of motivations, resources and opportunities. A complementary focus on pathways and barriers to office highlights the importance of political party politics in the British context. Examination of the evidence shows that while parties provide an important pathway to political participation, they also act as a barrier to recruitment to council services.
The Regulation of Food in Britain in the 1990s
Authors: Flynn Andrew , Marsden Terry , Harrison Michelle 
Published: October 2007

English
Food policy and regulation in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s has been dogged by a series of controversies. For the most part these have concerned issues of safety and have raised searching questions about the way in which food is regulated and who undertakes that regulation. In this paper, we explore the changing patterns of food regulation in Britain. In particular, we draw attention to the emergence during the 1990s of a private interest style of regulation in the food system that contrasts with the traditional regulatory style based upon notions of the public interest. Such changes to the regulation of food have important implications for the work of the proposed Food Standards Agency.
Intellectual Mercenaries and the Public Interest: Management consultancies and the NHS
Authors: Leys Colin 
Published: October 2007

English
Throughout the 1990s developments in the NHS have been largely driven by the efforts of hospital trusts and health authorities to find ways of surviving in the face of constant financial shortfalls. Because NHS regional offices no longer provide them with planning expertise, they rely instead on private sector management consultants. This article describes the NHS market for advice and the predominantly market-orientated attitudes that many management consultants bring to their NHS work, and analyses the problem presented by the fact that their main clients, the trusts, are not responsible for the public interest. A significant function of management consultancies appears to have been to provide legitimation for a largely unacknowledged Treasury-inspired drive to ‘downsize’ the acute care sector.
The Theory of Environmental Impact Assessment: Implicit models of policy making
Authors: Bartlett Robert V. , Kurian Priya A. 
Published: October 2007

English
In spite of its manifest policy importance, environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been the focus of very few explicit attempts at theoretical understanding. Writing about EIA has been guided by assumptions and models that have been implicitly assumed rather than explicitly and systematically explored, formulated, or articulated. How EIA is understood to work, how much policy significance is attributed to it, and the meaning it has in the politics of the environment is determined largely by which of these implicit models constitutes a frame of reference. As a first step in developing a theory of EIA, we identify six categories of implicit models based on our survey of scholarly and practitioner literature. We locate and specify each of these models in terms of debates over EIA, analysing implications for a theory of EIA, both operational and normative.
Separation of actinides from fission products by extraction chromatography prior to X-ray fluorescence measurement for analytical control of a PUREX test
Authors: Crozet Marielle , Guigue Mireille 
Published: October 2007

Five separation methods by Eichrom column extraction chromatography were developed and implemented for performance control of a PUREX (Plutonium, Uranium Refining by EXtraction) test. One of them concerning the separation of actinides from fission products in the main PUREX raffinate is the subject of this work. The others, concerning separation between actinides, are described in another article submitted to the same journal.
Analytical control of a PUREX process test implies measuring the neptunium, plutonium and uranium concentrations in the main extraction raffinate. The fission products are the major constituents of the raffinate, and thus prevent the use of direct L-line X-ray fluorescence (LXF) for these determinations. An actinide separation process by extraction chromatography with quantitative efficiency was therefore developed.
This separation method necessary upstream from the LXF measurement was applied during the PUREX test in 2005 in ATALANTE (French acronym for “Alpha facilities and analysis laboratories, transuranics and reprocessing research”).
Cerebral Blastomyces dermatitidis infection in a cat
Authors: Smith Jo R. , Legendre Alfred M. , Thomas William B. , LeBlanc Casey J. , Lamkin Cathy , Avenell James S. , Wall Jonathan S. , Hecht Silke 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of signs of depression, circling, and visual deficits.
Clinical Findings—The cat had no cutaneous lesions, and results of an ophthalmologic examination and thoracic radiography were within reference limits. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a mass lesion involving the right parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes; the mass was in broad-based contact with the skull and smoothly marginated and had strong homogenous enhancement after contrast agent administration. During craniectomy, samples of the mass were collected for cytologic and histopathologic evaluations and microbial culture. A diagnosis of Blastomyces dermatitidis—associated meningoencephalitis with secondary pyogranulomatous inflammation was made.
Treatment and Outcome—Amphotericin B (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered on alternate days (cumulative dose, 1.75 mg/kg [0.8 mg/lb]). To minimize the risk of nephrotoxicosis, assessments of serum biochemical variables (urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations) and urinalyses were performed at intervals. The third dose of amphotericin B was postponed 48 hours because the cat became azotemic. The cat subsequently received fluconazole (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 5.5 months. Six months after discontinuation of that treatment, the cat appeared healthy and had no signs of relapse.
Clinical Relevance—Brain infection with B dermatitidis is typically associated with widespread disseminated disease. The cat of this report had no evidence of systemic disease. Blastomycosis of the CNS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for brain lesions in cats from areas in which B dermatitidis is endemic.
Causes for discharge of military working dogs from service: 268 cases (2000–2004)
Authors: Evans Rebecca I. , Herbold John R. , Bradshaw Benjamin S. , Moore George E. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine causes for discharge of military working dogs (MWDs) from service.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—268 MWDs.
Procedures—Records of all MWDs approved for discharge from December 2000 through November 2004 were evaluated for cause of discharge.
Results—23 dogs had been obtained through the Department of Defense breeding program but had failed to meet prepurchase or certification standards. The remaining 245 (120 German Shepherd Dogs, 100 Belgian Malinois, and 25 dogs of other breeds) had been purchased as adults or obtained through the breeding program and had passed prepurchase and certification standards. Eighty-five of the 245 (34.7%) adult dogs were 1 to < 5 years old at discharge, and 160 (65.3%) were ≥ 5 years old at discharge. The proportion of adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (69.4%) was significantly greater than the proportion of adult dogs ≥ 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (38.1%). Within the subgroup of dogs ≥ 5 years old at discharge, median age at discharge for the German Shepherd Dogs (8.59 years) was significantly less than median age at discharge for the Belgian Malinois (10.61 years). For adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge, the most common cause for discharge was behavioral problems (82.3%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that longevity of service for MWDs may be influenced by breed differences and that selection criteria should be evaluated to reduce behavior-related discharge from service.
Surgical management of small intestinal incarceration through the gastrosplenic ligament: 14 cases (1994–2006)
Authors: Jenei Thomas M. , García-López José M. , Provost Patricia J. , Kirker-Head Carl A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine prevalence, clinical findings, and long-term survival rate after surgery associated with incarceration of the small intestine through the gastrosplenic ligament (ISIGL) in horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—14 horses with ISIGL.
Procedures—Medical records of horses with ISIGL examined between January 1994 and December 2006 were reviewed. Signalment, initial physical examination findings, results of abdominal fluid analysis, and clinical laboratory values were recorded, along with surgical findings, including segment of incarcerated intestine and surgical procedures performed. Long-term survival data were obtained through client interviews.
Results—Clinical findings included small intestinal distention identified via rectal palpation (10/14 horses) or transabdominal ultrasonography (8/11), nasogastric reflux (4/14), and abnormal abdominal fluid (9/9). All horses required intestinal resection and anastomosis. Postoperative complications included adynamic ileus (5/14 horses), incisional infection (4/14), diarrhea (3/14), and laminitis (1/14). No breed or age predilection was detected, although geldings were at increased risk for ISIGL. Long-term survival rate was 79% (11/14 horses).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ISIGL was an uncommon cause of colicin this hospital population. With appropriate surgical intervention and postoperative management, the long-term prognosis for surgically treated horses was fair to good.
Serologic and reproductive findings after a herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in goats
Authors: McCoy Morgan H. , Montgomery Donald L. , Bratanich Ana C. , Cavender Jacque , Scharko Patricia B. , Vickers Mary Lynne 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Case Description—An abortion storm occurred in a goat herd, resulting in 75 aborted kids and 1 neonatal death from December 2004 to February 2005.
Clinical Findings—Aborted fetuses ranged from being premature to past term. Laboratory findings in 4 of 5 aborted fetuses were consistent with herpesvirus abortion. A virus that yielded positive results with a fluorescent antibody test for bovine herpesvirus-1 was iso-lated and identified as caprine herpesvirus-1 (CpHV-1) via DNA sequence analysis.
Treatment and Outcome—Many does that aborted were rebred for kidding in late sum-mer. Most of the young wethers born in 2005 were sold; however, all of the young does were kept for breeding in fall. In November 2005, all 241 goats in the herd were tested for antibodies against CpHV-1 to identify goats that had seroconverted during the outbreak. No complications attributable to CpHV-1 were identified during kidding in 2006.
Clinical Relevance—On the basis of serologic findings, infection with CpHV-1 was not as-sociated with reduced reproductive success in the subsequent breeding.
Ophthalmologic and oculopathologic findings in red-tailed hawks and Cooper's hawks with naturally acquired West Nile virus infection
Authors: Pauli Amy M. , Cruz-Martinez Luis A. , Ponder Julia B. , Redig Patrick T. , Glaser Amy L. , Klauss Gia , Schoster James V. , Wünschmann Arno 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess ophthalmologic features and ocular lesions in red-tailed hawks and Cooper's hawks naturally infected with West Nile virus (WNV).
Design—Original study.
Animals—13 hawks.
Procedures—All hawks underwent complete ophthalmic examinations including slit lamp biomicroscopy and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Eleven hawks were euthanized because of a grave prognosis; complete necropsies were performed. Eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical examinations. Pooled tissue homogenates and aqueous humor samples were assessed for WNV nucleic acid via PCR assay, and anti-WNV antibody titers in aqueous humor and plasma were determined.
Results—All birds had similar funduscopic abnormalities including exudative chorioretinal lesions and chorioretinal scarring in a geographic or linear pattern. Eleven birds were euthanized, and 2 birds were released. Plasma from both released hawks and plasma and aqueous humor of all euthanized hawks that were evaluated contained anti-WNV antibodies. Except for 1 hawk, all euthanized hawks had WNV-associated disease (determined via detection of WNV antigen or nucleic acid in at least 1 organ). Histopathologic ocular abnormalities, most commonly pectenitis, were detected in all euthanized birds; several birds had segmental choroiditis, often with corresponding segmental retinal atrophy. West Nile virus antigen was detected in the retinas of 9 of the euthanized birds. In 2 hawks, WNV antigen was detected in the retina only.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that funduscopically detectable chorioretinal lesions appear to be associated with WNV disease in hawks. Detection of ocular lesions may aid in antemortem or postmortem diagnosis of this condition.
Vacuum-assisted closure for treatment of a deep shell abscess and osteomyelitis in a tortoise
Authors: Adkesson Michael J. , Travis Erika K. , Weber Martha A. , Kirby John P. , Junge Randall E. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A female Aldabra tortoise (Geochelone gigantea) was evaluated because of focal necrosis of the carapace.
Clinical Findings—Debridement revealed a 14.5 × 11.5-cm area of shell necrosis, deep abscess formation, and osteomyelitis involving bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas spp) and fungal pathogens.
Treatment and Outcome—Following extensive debridement, vacuum-assisted closure incorporating silver-impregnated bandaging materials was used. The wound was considered healed after 55 days, at which time a layer of epidermal tissue with progressing keratinization was present, with smooth underlying ossification. Keratinization with normal pigmentation continued over the next 67 days.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that vacuum-assisted closure with silver-impreg-nated bandaging materials may provide advantages over traditional methods in the treatment of shell lesions in chelonians, including faster wound healing, improved cosmetic appearance of the healed wound, superior control of microbial contamination, and lower overall treatment costs.