bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of strain in fibre-reinforced materials
Authors: Kedward K T , Hindle G R 
Published: July 2007

Techniques such as birefringent coatings, moiré, brittle lacquers, strain gauge, and holography can all be used on composites since they enable surface strains to be measured. However, a correct and accurate interpretation of results obtained by these methods is essential. The significance of this is demonstrated by observing the effect of the differences between the directions of principal stresses and strains. In addition the suitability of the birefringent-coating technique for application to fibre-composite materials is examined by considering the three-point flexure of a narrow rectangular beam of span/depth ratio 6 in some detail. Within the framework of the assumptions that stresses will be distributed in accordance with elementary bending theory and that the appropriate stress-strain relations for orthotropic materials are applicable, isochromatic and isoclinic patterns are predicted and compared with experimental results. A more precise solution is also obtained by employing the finite-element displacement method. From a qualitative standpoint the comparison is found to be good although more research is required before the birefringent-coating technique can be used in situations demanding a reliable quantitative appreciation.
Book reviews
Authors: Coyne Michael , Smith-Rowsey Daniel , Deutsch James , Jasinski Lisa 
Published: July 2007

Paul Buhle and Dave Wagner
Blacklisted: The Film Lover's Guide to the Hollywood Blacklist
New York, Palgrave Macmillan 2003
Nathaniel Dorsky
Devotional Cinema
Tuumba Press 2003
Ellen Baskin, comp.
Enser's Filmed Books and Plays: A List of Books
and Plays from which Films have been Made, 1928-2001
6th ed. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2003.
Mehrnaz Saeed-Vafa and Jonathan Rosenbaum
Abbas Kiarostami
(Contemporary Film Directors Series) Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003
Book reviews
Authors: Roe Annabelle Honess , Schnherr Johannes , Epstein Julie 
Published: July 2007

Steven Dillon Derek Jarman and Lyric Film: The Mirror and the Sea Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004
Tom Mes & Jasper Sharp The Midnight Eye Guide to New Japanese Film Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press, 2004
Dade Hayes and Jonathan Bing Open Wide : How
Hollywood Box Office Became a National Obsession New York: Miramax Books, 2004
Meta-Analysis: Pesticides and Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Romitti Paul A. , Herring Anna M. , Dennis Leslie K. , Wong-Gibbons Donna L. 
Published: July 2007

Objective: The risk of orofacial clefts associated with pesticide exposure was examined by conducting a meta-analysis of studies published from 1966 through 2005. Design: The full text of 230 studies was reviewed in detail, and of these, 19 studies were included in the final analysis. Fixed effects and random effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and homogeneity among studies was evaluated. Main outcome measures: Exposure- and phenotype-specific risks associated with pesticides. Results: Many of the studies identified as suitable for analysis used a retrospective design with varying sample sizes, levels of exposure assessment, and phenotype evaluation. For all phenotypes combined, maternal occupational exposure was associated with an increased risk of clefting (OR = 1.37; CI = 1.04 to 1.81), whereas the estimates were somewhat weaker for paternal occupational exposures (OR = 1.16; CI = 0.94 to 1.44) or for any residential exposure (OR = 0.77; CI = 0.20 to 2.96). Calculation of pooled estimates for individual cleft phenotypes was mostly limited to studies of paternal occupational exposure; estimates exceeded unity but were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that maternal exposure to pesticides is associated with a modest but marginally significant risk of clefting. To better understand the relationship between pesticide exposure and orofacial clefts, future studies should consider evaluation of multiple routes of parental exposure, etiologically homogenous phenotypes, and individual genetic susceptibility.
Three-Dimensional Computer Reconstruction of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle in Situ Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Kuehn David P. 
Published: July 2007

Objective: Most studies have used two-dimensional (2D) data to image and study the velopharyngeal mechanism, oversimplifying the complexity of the system. Three-dimensional (3D) computer modeling and animation offers the advantage of viewing in all coordinate planes and gives the researcher the ability to apply external forces and chart resultant movement patterns. The objective of this project was to create a 3D model of the velopharyngeal mechanism, with primary focus on the levator veli palatini muscle, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to demonstrate the velum at rest and during elevation. Method: Quantitative data, based on MRI analyses and consisting of levator muscle length, width, and orientation were modeled using the Maya software system. Results: Using data derived from MRI analyses, an accurate and realistic computer reconstruction of the levator muscle in situ was possible. A video of the animation was created to demonstrate the anatomy from variable view points, layering of the velar muscles, and movement of the velopharyngeal mechanism during vowel production. Conclusion: Improvements in visualization of the levator veli palatini muscle through 3D computer graphics offer a promising future for the field of speech science in providing advancements in basic research. It will be valuable in applied research and clinical activities such as surgical management for individuals impacted by a cleft palate. It is a step forward in creating models of abnormal anatomy (i.e., cleft palate) and is a step closer to a virtual surgical planning tool.
Facial Symmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following Alar Base Augmentation with Bone Graft: A Three-Dimensional Assessment
Authors: Devlin Mark F. , Ray Arup , Raine Peter , Bowman Adrian , Ayoub Ashraf F. 
Published: July 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of bone grafting using a corticocancellous block of iliac crest to reconstruct the support for the deformed, volume-deficient alar base in treated patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The main outcome being measured was nasal symmetry. Design: This was a prospective study using a noninvasive three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system (C3D) to assess the position of the alar base. Images were captured immediately preoperatively and at 6 months following the augmentation of the alar base with a block of bone graft. These images were used to calculate facial symmetry scores and were compared using a two sample Student's t test to assess the efficacy of the surgical method in reducing facial/nasal asymmetry. Patients: This investigation was conducted on 18 patients with one patient failing to attend for follow-up. The results for 17 patients are presented. Results: Facial symmetry scores improved significantly following the insertion of the bone graft at the deficient alar base (p = 0.005). Conclusions: 3D stereophotogrammetry is a noninvasive, accurate, and archiveable method of assessing facial form and surgical change. Nasal symmetry can be quantified and measured reliably with this tool. Bone grafting to the alar base region of treated UCLP patients with volume deficiency produces improvement in nasal symmetry.
Construction methods with geotextiles
Authors: Whyley P. J. 
Published: July 2007

In any branch of engineering, consideration of construction methods is an essential part of the design process. This is particularly true for designs which incorporate geotextiles. There are many factors influencing fabric survivability including construction equipment and technique, formation material and condition, fill or cover material type, and environmental factors. This Technical Note covers the aspects of supply, storage, handling, ground preparation, laying, jointing, anchoring, covering and compacting where they influence the overall design of a geotextile as a separating layer. The note provides guidance on the preparation of specifications to ensure that the designed use of the geotextile is actually achieved, at the same time showing the constraints in which contractors have to plan their construction works.
Pedestrian flow data collection and analysis
Authors: Cunningham P. P. , Cullen D. A. 
Published: July 2007

Although considerable work has been undertaken in the past to establish the principles of pedestrian flow, it has been the personal computer and the hand-held data logger than have enabled modelling of the pedestrian movement to be undertaken. Hitherto, most work had concentrated on what might be called the ‘street scene’. London Underground Limited wanted to extend and modify, where appropriate, the understanding of pedestrian behaviour. This would enable them to build computer models that reflected more accurately the behaviour of pedestrians within their rail stations. Before modelling could be undertaken, a series of surveys had to be carried out in order to establish the relationships between flow and journey times on various facilities encountered within stations-passageways, platforms, stairs, escalators and concourses. Subsequently, while modelling station changes that would improve passenger safety and amenities, observations were made of a variety of factors required by the model: train loadings, platform congestion, service regularity and reliability, in addition to volumetric counts and journey times on foot within the station. This Paper describes the background to the London Underground studies, and the work that had to be undertaken to help form an understanding of pedestrian behaviour within stations. It then describes the data collection and analysis aspects, including factors such as the training of enumerators for the tasks. It also discusses the requirement to model a base day, and the procedures adopted in order to produce a statement of annual worth of a scheme from a modelled base day.
A review of people mover systems and their potential role in cities
Authors: North B. H. 
Published: July 2007

People mover systems have been described as ‘Guided transit systems specifically designed to carry large numbers of people short distances at frequent regular intervals’. Passenger conveyors, moving pavements, travelators, people mover systems all meet the above definition and have been the dreams of inventors since 1859. Britain's first moving pavement was successfully used at the 1924 Wembley Exhibition. These systems have often been developed specifically for exhibitions. Since then dozens of systems have been designed but very few have been used other than at their initial sites. Even the innovative Maglev system at Birmingham Airport has never been developed, nor used elsewhere. Nevertheless some systems have become well established and new ones developed. There are currently over twenty different systems in operation worldwide, mainly at airports. New systems are being developed all the time and they are becoming more versatile. This Paper reviews the state of the art of these systems including their individual features, capabilities and capacities, followed by an assessment of developments and of their future role.
Prediction of Periodontal Disease From Multiple Self‐Reported Items in a German Practice‐Based Sample
Authors: Dietrich T. , Stosch U. , Dietrich D. , Kaiser W. , Bernimoulin J.‐P. , Joshipura K. 
Published: July 2007

Background: Ascertainment of periodontal disease using self‐reported measures would be useful for large epidemiologic studies. This study evaluates whether a combination of self‐reported items with established risk factors in a predictive model can assess periodontal disease accurately.Methods: Responses of 246 subjects to a detailed questionnaire were compared to their periodontal disease history as assessed from radiographs. Multiple regression modeling was used to construct predictive models using self‐reported items and established risk factors.Results: Depending on the definition of gold‐standard periodontal disease, two or three self‐reported items were selected for the predictive models, in addition to age, gender, and smoking. Self‐reported tooth mobility was associated strongly with periodontal disease independent of other risk factors and was selected in all models. For dichotomous definitions of periodontal disease, discrimination of predictive logistic regression models was good with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.80. Assessment of periodontal disease history based on extreme quantiles of model‐predicted values yielded high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion: The combination of several self‐reported items may be useful for ascertainment of periodontal disease in epidemiologic studies.
Acellular Dermal Matrix as a Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Treatment of Class II Furcation Lesions: A Histometric and Clinical Study in Dogs
Authors: de Andrade Patrícia Freitas , de Souza Sérgio Luís Scombatti , de Oliveira Macedo Guilherme , Novaes Arthur Belém , de Moraes Grisi Márcio Fernando , Taba Mário , Palioto Daniela Bazan 
Published: July 2007

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a membrane for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in the treatment of mandibular Class II furcation lesions and to compare it to a bioabsorbable membrane.Methods: Class II furcation lesions were created surgically and chronified in six mongrel dogs on the buccal surfaces of mandibular third and fourth premolars, bilaterally. After 1 month, GTR was performed. Each side was assigned randomly to the control group (CGr: bioabsorbable membrane made of polyglycolic acid: trimethylene carbonate) or the test group (TGr: ADM as a membrane). Clinical measurements of the width and thickness of the keratinized tissue (WKT and TKT, respectively) were made before GTR. The dogs were sacrificed 12 weeks following GTR, and histomorphometric analysis was performed. Area measurements were taken of new tissue, epithelium, connective tissue, and new bone; bone height and new cementum were measured.Results: The formation of new bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament were similar in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for any histomorphometric measurement. The TGr had a statistically significant increase in WKT and TKT after 3 months. The mean TKT gain was 1.03 mm for the TGr and 0.26 mm for the CGr (P <0.05).Conclusion: The ADM demonstrated histomorphometric results similar to the bioabsorbable membrane and resulted in a greater increase in the thickness of the keratinized tissue.
Comparison of Two Surgical Procedures for Use of the Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft in the Treatment of Gingival Recessions: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Felipe Maria Emília M.C. , Andrade Patrícia F. , Grisi Marcio F.M. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mário , Palioto Daniela B. , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: July 2007

Background: The aim of this randomized, controlled, clinical investigation was to compare two surgical techniques for root coverage with the acellular dermal matrix graft to evaluate which technique provided better root coverage, a better esthetic result, and less postoperative discomfort.Methods: Fifteen patients with bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions were selected. Fifteen pairs of recessions were treated and assigned randomly to the test group, and the contralateral recessions were assigned to the control group. The control group was treated with a broader flap and vertical releasing incisions; the test group was treated with the proposed surgical technique, without vertical releasing incisions. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth, relative clinical attachment level, gingival recession (GR), width of keratinized tissue, thickness of keratinized tissue, esthetic result, and pain evaluation. The measurements were taken before the surgeries and after 6 months.Results: At baseline, all parameters were similar for both groups. At 6 months, a statistically significant greater reduction in GR favored the control group. The percentage of root coverage was 68.98% and 84.81% for the test and control groups, respectively. The esthetic result was equivalent between the groups, and all patients tolerated both procedures well.Conclusions: Both techniques provided significant root coverage, good esthetic results, and similar levels of postoperative discomfort. However, the control technique had statistically significantly better results for root coverage of localized gingival recessions.
Dental Implants for Immediate Fixed Restoration of Partially Edentulous Patients: A 1‐Year Prospective Pilot Clinical Trial in Periodontally Susceptible Patients
Authors: Machtei Eli E. , Frankenthal Shai , Blumenfeld Israel , Gutmacher Zvi , Horwitz Jacob 
Published: July 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients using immediate loading/restoration (ILR) protocols and the factors that modulate this response.Methods: Systemically healthy patients who were treated previously for chronic periodontitis and who required implant therapy were recruited. Following data collection, “surgical templates” and provisional fixed restorations were fabricated. Transgingival implants were inserted, and surgical measurements were performed. After abutment connection, the crown/bridge was relined and cemented. Patients were monitored for 12 months, at which time final measurements were performed.Results: Twenty patients (49 implants) completed this study; five implants failed and were removed (90% survival rate). All implants were removed during the first 6 months. At 12 months, the mean implants' probing depth was 2.87 ± 0.9 mm. The mean electronic mobility testing device value (−1.3 ± 0.7) was slightly higher than at baseline (−3.53 ± 10.7). Radiographic bone loss ranged between −1.24 and 2.77 mm (mean ± SD: 0.91 ± 0.2 mm). All of the implants (16) that were inserted in the premolar region were successful, whereas three of nine implants in the molar region and two of 24 implants in the canine/incisor region failed (P = 0.0278). Survival in the immediately loaded group (83%) was slightly lower than in the immediately restored group (96%); however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. None of the other variables (smoking, arch, stability, implant length and diameter, and bone width) affected the outcome of this procedure.Conclusions: ILR protocols are predictable alternatives in periodontally susceptible patients. Results in the molar regions suggested that careful consideration should be given to implants placed in these sites. Long‐term success in these patients has not been addressed.
Self‐Reported Periodontal Disease: Validation in an Epidemiological Survey
Authors: Taylor George W. , Borgnakke Wenche S. 
Published: July 2007

Background: Evidence is accumulating to support poor oral health as a risk factor for systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes control, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and pneumonia. Prohibitive costs for clinical assessment of periodontal disease limit information to assess the prevalence and trends of periodontal diseases in the United States population. However, self‐report is used widely to assess economically the population‐based prevalence of various medical conditions and health‐related behaviors and characteristics.Methods: The goal of this secondary data analysis was to identify self‐report items sufficiently correlated with clinical periodontal disease for use via face‐to‐face or telephone interviews. Data for analysis were collected for a project focused on oral health that included face‐to‐face interview items regarding oral health‐related self‐care, professional care, and barriers; knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes; risk behavior; impact on quality of life; and demographic characteristics. Also, participants had complete oral examinations.Results: Logistic regression analyses identified self‐reported items contributing to two sets of models predicting moderate or severe periodontal disease (MODSEV) and severe periodontal disease (SEV). Age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, and periodontal health‐related self‐report items constituted predictive models with maximum sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 83%, respectively, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85 (as a measure of accuracy) for MODSEV. For SEV, predictive models' maximum sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 53%, respectively, with a maximum AUC of 0.92.Conclusion: These analyses suggest that self‐report may be valid for surveillance of periodontal disease burden and trends in the American population, in lieu of more costly clinical periodontal examinations.
Triple Immediate Therapy (ridge expansion, soft tissue augmentation, and provisional restoration) of Maxillary Anterior Single Implant
Authors: Lai Yu‐Lin , Chou I‐Chiang , Liaw Yu‐Cheng , Chen Hen‐Li , Lin Yi‐Chun , Lee Shyh‐Yuan 
Published: July 2007

Background: Immediate restoration during implant placement in the premaxillary area can achieve a favorable esthetic result. However, the treatment always poses a great challenge to clinicians, especially for patients with preexisting soft and hard tissue deficiencies. The aim of this clinical report was to present a protocol for a multidisciplinary approach to provide an immediate implant restoration for patients with ridge deficiency.Methods: A 21‐year‐old female presented with a mesial shift of the maxillary right canine due to loss of a lateral incisor at an early age. The treatment protocol included orthodontic space redistribution to open a canine space for implant placement. Subsequently, ridge expansion and implant placement combined with connective tissue grafting for the reconstruction of the soft tissue profile were performed, and an immediate provisional prosthesis was delivered simultaneously. A definitive University of California at Los Angeles–style ceramometal crown was completed 6 months later with periodical clinical maintenance.Results: The 18‐month postoperative follow‐up revealed that the implant was stable, and the buccal depression of the surgical area was reconstructed. Papillae were augmented, and a harmonious soft tissue margin was achieved in the esthetic zone. Radiographs demonstrated a normal vertical osseous height and excellent osseointegration of the implant.Conclusions: The combination technique of ridge expansion and soft tissue augmentation can be applied to immediate implant restoration cases without the need for complicated bone grafting surgeries in atrophic ridges. This triple immediate strategy enabled us to reduce the number of surgeries, which simplified the overall procedure without compromising the esthetic results.