bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and self‐assembly of hyperbranched polyethers peripherally modified with adenosine 5′‐monophosphate
Authors: Jiang Guohua , Wang Li , Dong Xiaochen , Chen Chang , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe chloride functionalized hyperbranched poly(3‐ethyl‐3‐oxetanemethanol) (HBPO) was prepared via reaction of thionyl chloride with hydroxyl groups. Adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP) groups were attached to HBPO in CH2Cl2 in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as an acceptor of HCl. The self‐assembly of resultant hyperbranched molecules bearing self‐complementary hydrogen‐bonding patterns would allow the generation of a highly organized supramolecular architecture in a selected solvent. The morphologies of self‐assembly structures were depended on the level of AMP in polymer and the concentration in solvent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1147–1152, 2006
Bioactive composites with designed interphases based on hyperbranched macromers
Authors: Oréfice Rodrigo L. , Clark Arthur E. , Brennan Anthony. B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA series of designed interphases was produced by grafting chemically modified poly (aryl ether sulfones) (PSF) onto bioactive glass (BAG) particles. Macromolecular architecture, polymer morphology, composition and crosslink density of these PSF hybrid interphases were studied with respect to influence on mechanical properties. The hybrid PSF interphases improved mechanical strength by 20% over conventional silane treatments and increased the overall energy to failure by nearly 100%. The structure of the interphase was modeled with a three‐phase viscoelastic model. The results demonstrated the ability to engineer an interphase having hyperstructures containing mobile species and inorganic functionalities that improve adhesion and favor energy release during fracture processes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1153–1166, 2006
Synthesis, characterization, reactivity ratios by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and application of (2,5‐Dichlorophenyl acrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) polymers as adhesives for the leather industry
Authors: Vijayaraghavan P. G. , Reddy B. S. R. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract2,5‐ Dichlorophenyl acrylate (DPA)‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) polymers having five different compositions were synthesized in 1,4‐dioxane using benzoyl peroxide as a free‐radical initiator at 70 ± 0.5°C. Using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, the composition of the two monomers in the copolymers was calculated by comparing the integral values of the aromatic and aliphatic proton peaks. The reactivity ratios were calculated by Fineman–Ross (r1 = 0.31 and r2 = 1.08), Kelen–Tudos (r1 = 0.40 and r2 = 1.15), and extended Kelen–Tudos (r1 = 0.39 and r2 = 1.16) methods. The nonlinear error‐in‐variables model was used to compare the reactivity ratios. The copolymers were characterized by 1H and proton decoupled 13C‐NMR spectroscopes. Gel permeation chromatography was performed for estimating the Mw and Mn and Mw/Mn of the poly(DPA) and copolymers (DPA‐co‐GMA: 09 : 91 and 50 : 50). Thermal stability of the homo‐ and copolymers was estimated using TGA [poly(DPA) > DPA‐co‐GMA (50 : 50) > DPA‐co‐GMA (09:91)], while DSC was utilized for determining the glass transition temperature. Tg increased with increased DPA content in the copolymer. The 50 : 50 mol % copolymer was chosen for curing with diethanolamine in chloroform. The cured resins were tested for the adhesive properties on leather at different temperatures (50, 90, 100, and 110°C). The resin cured at 50 °C exhibited a maximum peel strength of 1.6 N/mm, revealing a good adhesive behavior. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1167–1174, 2006
Preparation of novel MgCl2‐adduct supported spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst for α‐olefin polymerization
Authors: Wang Li , Yu Hao‐Jie , Ma Zhen‐Li , Ye Zhao‐Yang , Jiang Shan , Feng Lian‐Fang , Gu Xue‐Ping 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this article, preparation of novel MgCl2‐adduct supported spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst for α‐olefin polymerization is reported. The factors affecting the particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD) of the prepared support were investigated. In this method, the internal donor added while preparing MgCl2‐adduct support was supposed to act as a crosslinking agent. Therefore it provided a reasonable way to enhance the morphology and control the PS of the resultant polymer particles. The possible mechanism is discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 945–948, 2006
Characterization of three‐dimensional braided polyethylene fiber–PMMA composites and influence of fiber surface treatment
Authors: Wan Y. Z. , Luo H. L. , Wang Y. L. , Raman S. , Huang Y. , Zhang T. L. , Liu H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) braided polyethylene (PE) fiber‐reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), denoted as PE3D/PMMA, composites were prepared. Mechanical properties including flexural and impact properties, and wear resistance were tested and compared with those of the corresponding unidirectional PE fiber–PMMA (abbreviated to PEL/PMMA) composites. Both untreated and chromic acid‐treated PE fibers were used to fabricate the 3D composites in an attempt to assess the effect of chromic acid treatment on the mechanical properties of the composites. Relative changes of mechanical properties caused by fiber surface treatment were compared between the PE3D/PMMA and PEL/PMMA composites. The treated and untreated PE fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). SEM observations found that micro‐pits were created and that deeper and wider grooves were noted on the surfaces of the PE fibers. XPS analysis revealed that more hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl (COOH) groups were formed after surface treatment. The physical and chemical changes on the surfaces of the PE fibers were responsible for the variations of the mechanical properties of the PE/PMMA composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 949–956, 2006
Reinforcing effect of silica on the properties of styrene butadiene rubber–reclaim rubber blend system
Authors: De Debapriya , Das Amit , De Debasish , Panda Prabir Kumar , Dey Brojendranath , Roy Bidhan Chandra 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIncorporation of silica into styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)–reclaim rubber (RR) blend system was carried out by sol–gel technique and conventional method. A well known silica coupling agent bis(3‐triethoxysilyl propyl) tetrasulfide was found to affect the curing characteristics and mechanical properties of SBR/RR vulcanizate. Here, the effect of RR on silica reinforcement was studied for different SBR/RR blend system. Silica incorporation by conventional mechanical mixing in absence of TESPT showed a much higher tensile properties than that of silica incorporated by the in situ sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxy silane both in presence and absence of TESPT. Studies of equilibrium swelling in a hydrocarbon solvent were also carried out. ATR study indicates that RR forms bond with silica particles due to the presence of active functional site on RR. The amount of silica incorporated by sol–gel reaction was determined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies further indicate the coherency and homogeneity in the silica filled SBR/RR vulcanizate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 957–968, 2006
Curie temperature of a ferromagnetic polymer chain model
Authors: Huang Jian‐Hua , Luo Meng‐Bo , Qian Chang‐Ji 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPhase transition of a self‐avoiding walking polymer chain with spatial nearest neighbor ferromagnetic Ising interaction on the simple cubic lattice is investigated using Metropolis dynamic Monte Carlo technique. Magnetic susceptibility χ is determined from the Brillouin function and from the linear response of magnetization to external magnetic field in small field region. We find the later is better, though both are in consistent with each other at high temperatures. The magnetic susceptibility χ can be expressed using the Curie law and thus the Curie temperature θ is estimated. The chain length dependent Curie temperature θ of the chain model can be well fitted as θ = 1.40 − 4.0 ×n−0.619based on the finite‐size scaling law. The transition temperature for an infinite long chain θ(∞) = 1.40J/kBand the exponent ϕ = 0.619 are in agreement with our previous study (J Chem Phys 2003, 119, 2439). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 969–973, 2006
Addition‐curable propargyl‐containing novolac‐type phenolic resin: Its synthesis, characterization, cure, and thermal properties
Authors: Wang Mingcun , Wei Liuhe , Zhao Tong 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this article, propargyl functionalized novolac resins (PN resins), with varying propargyl contents and varying molecular weights, were synthesized conveniently. The structural characteristics were determined by 1HNMR and FTIR methods. Thermal cure studies revealed that the uncatalyzed thermal cure was remarkably affected by propargyl extent, while it was hardly affected by molecular weight. The processability of the as‐prepared PN resins was excellent as matrix of composite materials. The cure mechanism was complicated; postcure at high temperature was required to achieve entire crosslink formation. Both dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the cured PN resins had substantially improved thermal mechanical properties and thermal stability in comparison to conventional cured phenolics. High propargyl extent was preferred for high thermal stability. The results show that PN resin is one of the ideal candidates for advanced composites matrices in thermostructural and ablative applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1010–1017, 2006
Structure and properties of polycarbosilane synthesized from polydimethylsilane under high pressure
Authors: Cheng Xiangzhen , Xie Zhengfang , Song Yongcai , Xiao Jiayu , Wang Yingde 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe polycarbosilane (PCS), which is the precursor of SiC fiber, was synthesized under high pressure by thermal decomposition of polydimethylsilane. The composition, structure, and properties of the PCS were characterized by the measurements of softening point, elemental analysis, IR, GPC, NMR, TG‐DTG‐DTA, XRD, and oxidative reaction activity, respectively. Structure model of the PCS was therefore inferred. The results showed that the PCS was the polymer with a SiC backbone with Mn about 1587. IR and NMR showed the presence of SiC4 and SiC3H structure units containing SiCH3, SiCH2Si, and SiH groups. The ratio between H in CH bond and H in SiH bond was about 8.84 with SiC3H/SiC4 and about 0.51 from 1H NMR and 29Si NMR, respectively. Elemental analysis gave an empirical formula of SiC1.87H7.13O0.03. TG analysis showed that the ceramic yield of the PCS at 1200°C in a N2 flow was about 78.9%. β‐SiC microcrystal could be obtained when PCS was pyrolyzed at 1250°C with the crystal size about 37.5 Å. Compared with the PCS with similar softening point synthesized under normal pressure, the PCS synthesized under high pressure had approximate elemental composition, higher SiH bond content and reaction activity, higher molecular weight, and higher ceramic yield, but lower ratio of SiC3H and SiC4. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1188–1194, 2006
Microstructure and fracture behavior of polypropylene/barium sulfate composites
Authors: Wang Ke , Wu Jingshen , Zeng Hanmin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of polypropylene (PP)/barium sulfate (BaSO4) composites were studied. Four composite samples with different PP‐BaSO4 interface were prepared by treating the filler with different modifiers. The fracture behavior of the composites under different strain rates was studied by means of Charpy impact tests and essential work of fracture (EWF) tests. It is shown that a moderate interfacial adhesion is favorable for toughening, which ensures that the particles transfer the stress and stabilizes the cracks at the primary stage of the deformation, and satisfies the stress conditions of plastic deformation for matrix ligaments subsequently via debonding. Very strong interfacial adhesion is not favorable for toughness, especially under high strain rate, because the debonding‐cavitation process may be delayed and the plastic deformation of matrix may be restrained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1207–1213, 2006
Novel polyurethane insulating coatings based on polyhydroxyl compounds, derived from glycolysed PET and castor oil
Authors: Yeganeh Hamid , Shamekhi Mohammad Amin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo prepare versatile polyurethane material suitable as insulating coatings, novel kinds of polyhydroxy compounds (PHCs) were prepared via transesterification reaction of poly(ethylene terphthalate), different molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs), and castor oil. The final networks were prepared via crosslinking of PHCs with a novel blocked isocyanate curing agent (BPI) made from trimethylol propane (TMP), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and N‐methyl aniline (NMA). Polyols and curing agent were characterized by conventional methods and the curing condition was optimized via gel content measurements. Curing kinetic of the polyurethane network formation was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric method and the kinetic parameters were derived. Crosslink density of the samples was determined via equilibrium swelling method and by using Flory‐Rehner equations. Effects of crosslink density on electrical, physical, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical (DMTA) properties of the polyurethane coatings were investigated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1222–1233, 2006
Phase reversal during water dispersion of polyurethane anionomer
Authors: Dang Xiaorong , Yuan Qiaolong , Fang Jiezhu , Wang Dening 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA series of polyurethane anionomers (PUas) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate, polyneopentanediol adipate (P756), and hydrophilic dimethanol propionic acid (DMPA). The variation of electric conductivity and viscosity of such anionomers during water dispersion was followed. The results showed that the average diameter and polyindex of particles were reduced, the viscosity of dispersion was lowered, the time necessary for phase reversal became shorter, if the amount of DMPA or the temperature, at which the water dispersion was carried out, increased. DSC test revealed that the order of hard segments was disturbed after water dispersion. IR spectra demonstrated that, after the chain extender ethyl diamine was added into the PUa dispersion, the hydrogen bonding of NH with carbonyls was stronger, if the dispersion temperature and the mass fraction of DMPA increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1234–1239, 2006
High performance wood composites from highly filled polybenzoxazine
Authors: Rimdusit Sarawut , Tanthapanichakoon Wiwut , Jubsilp Chanchira 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHighly filled systems prepared by compression molding of Hevea brasiliensis woodflour filled polybenzoxazine composites with high mechanical properties and reduced water uptake has been developed. The effects of percent filler content and particle size of woodflour on the obtained composite's properties were examined. The low melt viscosity of BA‐a type polybenzoxazine allows substantial amount of woodflour to be easily incorporated into the composites. The results showed that mechanical properties from dynamic mechanical analysis and flexural test at filler content below the optimum filler packing show approximately linear relationship with filler loading. The outstanding compatibility between the woodflour and the polybenzoxazine matrix is evidently seen from the large improvement in the composite's Tg and char yield. Scanning electron micrographs of the composite also reveals substantially strong interface between the woodflour filler and the polybenzoxazine matrix. Water absorption of the composites is greatly reduced with increasing the amount of polybenzoxazine due to the inherent low water absorption of the matrix. The polybenzoxazine is; therefore, a highly attractive candidate as high performance lignocellulosic binder or adhesive and other related applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1240–1253, 2006
Chain‐linked lactic acid polymers by benzene diisocyanate
Authors: Ren Jie , Wang Qin‐Feng , Gu Shu‐Ying , Zhang Nai‐Wen , Ren Tian‐Bin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractChain‐linked lactic acid polymers with high molecular weight were synthesized by two‐step polymerization method, including polycondensation and chain extending reactions. The effects of chain extender toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the chain‐linked lactic acid polymers were studied. The polymers obtained were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and differential scanning calorimeter. Reactions between 1,4‐butanediol and lactic acid oligomers led to hydroxyl‐terminated prepolymer, which provided significant increase of molecular weight in the chain extending reaction. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting temperature (Tm) were increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1045–1049, 2006
Effect of fiber surface treatment on the properties of biocomposites from nonwoven industrial hemp fiber mats and unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Mehta Geeta , Drzal Lawrence T. , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBiocomposites were made with nonwoven hemp mats and unsaturated polyester resin (UPE). The hemp fiber volume fraction was optimized by mechanical testing. The effect of four surface treatments of industrial hemp fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposites was studied. The treatments done were alkali treatment, silane treatment, UPE (matrix) treatment, and acrylonitrile treatment. Bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ were evaluated and compared for all composites. The mechanical as well as thermal properties of the biocomposites improved after surface treatments. The properties of the above biocomposites were also compared with E‐glass–mat composite. To achieve balance in properties, a hybrid composite of industrial hemp and glass fibers was made. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1055–1068, 2006
Cure characteristics, morphology, mechanical properties, and aging characteristics of silicone rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Ganesh B. , Unnikrishnan G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSilicone rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate (SR/EVA) rubber mixes with different ratios were prepared by using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and benzoyl peroxide (BP) as curing agents. The vulcanization characteristics such as cure kinetics, activation energy, and cure rate of the blends were analyzed. The effects of blend ratio and curing agents on the mechanical properties such as stress–strain behavior, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, relative volume loss, hardness, flex crack resistance, and density of the cured blends have been investigated. Almost all the mechanical properties have been found to be increased with increase in EVA content in the blends particularly in DCP‐cured systems. The increment in mechanical properties of the blends with higher EVA content has been explained in terms of the morphology of the blends, attested by scanning electron micrographs. Attempts have been made to compare the experimental results, from the evaluation of mechanical properties, with relevant theoretical models. The aging characteristics of the cured blends were also investigated and found that both the DCP‐ and BP‐cured blends have excellent water and thermal resistance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1069–1082, 2006
Synthesis of a new chitosan immobilized with β‐cyclodextrins and its adsorption properties for bilirubin
Authors: Yi Ying , Wang Yuting , Zhang Weian 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new chitosan derivative of chitosan immobilized with β‐cyclodextrins (CTC) has been synthesized by the reaction of chitosan and allyl‐substituted β‐cyclodextrins (ASC). Its structure has been proved by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction analysis, and chemical analysis. Its adsorption of bilirubin has been also studied. By the experiment, it has been found that this new product has good adsorption ability on bilirubin. At initial 2 h, the adsorption increased largely. The adsorption mechanism was also dealt with. It predicted that this new chitosan derivative could have application in removing the bilirubin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1264–1268, 2006
Blends of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer and O‐cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin. II. Curing kinetics
Authors: Tan Song Ting , Huang Zeng Fang , Liu Min Na , Wang Xia Yu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCuring kinetics of O‐cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin and its blends with a liquid crystalline block copolymer (PDBH) cured with linear phenol–formaldehyde resin were studied by the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal DSC methods. The parameters of nonisothemal curing kinetics were obtained according to the Kissinger method, and those of isothermal curing kinetics were deduced on the basis of the n‐order mechanism proposed by Kamal. The curing reaction is considered 1‐order reaction as shown by the nonisothermal and isothermal results. The model gave a good description of curing kinetics up to the onset of vitrification. A diffusion factor has been introduced in the latter stage of reaction to describe the degree of conversion over the whole range. The obtained n‐order model modified by diffusion‐controlled factor is consistent with the experimental data almost over the whole range of conversion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1269–1276, 2006
In‐situ curing analysis of photoreplicated objective lenses using Raman and IR spectroscopy
Authors: Mank Arjan , Verstegen Emile , Kloosterboer Hans 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOptical pick‐up lenses are used in optical storage devices such as CD, DVD, and Blu‐Ray Disc. The production of such lenses is based on UV‐induced polymerization of a mixture of a dimethacrylate monomer and an initiator on a spherical glass substrate. The shape of the polymer layer is defined with an aspherical transparent mold. This means that the coating is completely surrounded by glassy materials during processing. Raman spectroscopy is applied in situ to monitor the polymerization reaction under conditions that closely resemble the actual production process. As a result improvements can be made to the reaction conditions if necessary. Data are compared to results obtained with IR spectroscopy in an off‐line approach. The value of the in situ characterization using Raman spectroscopy is illustrated by the observation that contrary to expectation, the local rate of polymerization is not influenced by shrinkage effects caused by local variations in volume relaxation in the wedge‐shaped sample volume. Instead, even quartz glass mold plates with a thickness of 30 times that of liquid monomer were deformed to accommodate for thermodynamically required volume shrinkage. The assumption of isochoric polymerization in a confined volume turned out to be incorrect. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1287–1295, 2006