bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vitamin E on urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor expression by bovine neutrophils
Authors: Politis Ioannis , Hidiroglou Nick , Cheli Federica , Baldi Antonella 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA) receptor (u-PAR) expression by neutrophils of dairy cows.Animals—16 healthy Holstein dairy cows.Procedure—16 cows were assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: control (no vitamin E supplementation) and vitamin E supplementation. Supplementation of vitamin E started 4 weeks prior to and continued up to 4 weeks after parturition and included oral administration of vitamin E at 3,000 U/cow per day; these cows also received 1 injection of vitamin E (5,000 units), 1 week prior to the expected date of parturition. Blood samples were collected, and neutrophils were isolated weekly throughout the experimental period. The following variables were measured: u-PA (mRNA), total cell-associated u-PA activity, membrane-bound u-PA activity, and free unoccupied u-PA binding sites on the cell membrane of neutrophils.Results—Stimulated neutrophils isolated from cows that received vitamin E supplementation had significantly higher u-PA mRNA and total cell-associated and membrane-bound u-PA activity at postpartum week 1, compared with those of stimulated neutrophils isolated from control cows. There were no differences between groups throughout the whole experimental period in u-PA binding sites of neutrophils.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The increased total cell-associated and membrane-bound u-PA activity in neutrophils isolated from cows that received vitamin E may facilitate the ability of neutrophils to extravasate and reach the mammary gland at postpartum week 1. Rapid recruitment of neutrophils is critical for proper defense of the gland.(Am J Vet Res2001;62:1934–1938)
Effects of racing and training on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in racing Greyhounds
Authors: Hill Richard C. , Fox Leslie E. , Lewis Daniel D. , Beale Karin M. , Nachreiner Raymond F. , Scott Karen C. , Sundstrom Deborah A. , Jones Galin L. , Butterwick Richard F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine the effects of racing and training on serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in Greyhounds.Animals—9 adult racing Greyhounds.Procedure—Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before and 5 minutes after a race in dogs trained to race 500m twice weekly for 6 months. Resting concentrations were measured again when these dogs had been neutered and had not raced for 3 months. Postrace concentrations were adjusted relative to albumin concentration to allow for effects of hemoconcentration. Thyroid hormone concentrations were then compared with those of clinically normal dogs of non-Greyhound breeds.Results—When adjusted for hemoconcentration, total T4concentrations increased significantly after racing and TSH concentrations decreased; however, there was no evidence of a change in free T4or total or free T3concentrations. Resting total T4concentrations increased significantly when dogs had been neutered and were not in training. There was no evidence that training and neutering affected resting TSH, total or free T3, or free T4concentrations. Resting concentrations of T3, TSH, and autoantibodies against T4, T3, and thyroglobulin were similar to those found in other breeds; however, resting free and total T4concentrations were lower than those found in other breeds.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Except for total T4, thyroid hormone concentrations in Greyhounds are affected little by sprint racing and training. Greyhounds with low resting total and free T4concentrations may not be hypothyroid. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1969–1972)
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin in serum and tissue fluids of goats following intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Aliabadi Fariborz S. , Lees Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin in goats and the concentrations required to induce bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and bacterial elimination.Animals—6 healthy British Saanen goats.Procedure—Danofloxacin (1.25 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV and IM in a cross-over design with 14 days between treatments. A tissue cage was used for evaluation of drug distribution into transudate and exudate. The ex vivo antibacterial activity of danofloxacin in serum, exudate, and transudate against a caprine isolate ofMannheimia haemolyticawas determined. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data were integrated to determine the ratio of the area under the concentration versus time curve to the minimum inhibitory concentration of danofloxacin (AUIC).Results—Elimination half-lives of danofloxacin in serum were 4.67 and 4.41 hours after IV and IM administration, respectively. Volume of distribution was high after administration via either route, and bioavailability was 100% after IM administration. Rate of penetration into exudate and transudate was slow, but elimination half-lives from both fluids were approximately twice that from serum. Drug concentrations in serum, exudate, and transudate for 9 to 12 hours after administration induced marked ex vivo antibacterial activity. For serum, AUIC24hvalues required for bacteriostasis, bactericidal effect, and bacterial elimination were 22.6, 29.6, and 52.4, respectively. Similar values were obtained for exudate and transudate.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Integration of danofloxacin pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data obtained in goats may provide a new approach on which to base recommendations for therapeutic dosages. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1979–1989)
von Willebrand disease phenotype and von Willebrand factor marker genotype in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Brooks Marjory B. , Erb Hollis N. , Foureman Polly A. , Ray Kunal 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To define the relationship between clinical expression of a type-1 von Willebrand disease phenotype and genotype at 2 von Willebrand factor marker loci in Doberman Pinschers.Animals—102 client-owned Doberman Pinschers.Procedures—Dogs were recruited on the basis of plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, clinical history, and pedigree. Blood samples and response to a history questionnaire were obtained for each dog. Plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was measured by use of an ELISA, and genotyping was performed via polymerase chain reaction for 1 intragenic and 1 extragenic von Willebrand factor marker. Amplification product size was determined by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (intragenic marker) or automated sequence analysis (extragenic marker). Western blots were prepared from a subset of dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration to evaluate multimer distribution.Results—Strong associations were detected between plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and von Willebrand factor marker genotype. Twentyfive dogs had substantial reduction in plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and multiple hemorrhagic events. All were homozygous for a 157-basepair intragenic marker allele and homozygous or compound heterozygous for 1 of 4 extragenic marker alleles. These marker genotypes were exclusively detected in dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, although some dogs with these genotypes did not have abnormal bleeding.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Type-1 von Willebrand disease in Doberman Pinschers is associated with the von Willebrand factor gene locus; however, the expression pattern in this breed appears more complex than that of a simple recessive trait. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:364–369)
Results of intradermal tests in horses without atopy and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lorch Gwendolen , Hillier Andrew , Kwochka Kenneth W. , Saville William J. , Kohn Catherine W. , Jose-Cunilleras Eduard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare results of intradermal tests (IDT), conducted using environmental allergens, in horses without atopy and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Animals—38 horses (22 horses without atopy and 16 horses with COPD).Procedure—All horses were examined (physical examination, hematologic examination, serum biochemical analyses, examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). An IDT was conducted, using a full panel of 73 allergens consisting of grasses, weeds, trees, molds, and insects. Results of the IDT were evaluated 30 minutes and 4, 6, and 24 hours after injection of allergens. Horses without atopy were euthanatized, and gross and histologic changes of lung parenchyma were assessed.Results—Horses without atopy had a greater number of positive immediate and late-phase reactions than did horses with COPD. Horses with COPD did not have a significantly greater number of positive reactions than horses without atopy at any time period for any allergen group (grasses, weeds, trees, molds, and insects).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Positive results of IDT document allergen-specific hypersensitivity but do not necessarily distinguish clinically relevant reactions from subclinical reactivity in horses with COPD. Interpreting the clinical relevance of results of IDT requires a thorough knowledge of the medical history, physical examination findings, and environment of each animal. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:389–397)
Effect of increased dietary protein and decreased dietary carbohydrate on performance and body composition in racing Greyhounds
Authors: Hill Richard C. , Lewis Daniel D. , Scott Karen C. , Omori Mayuko , Jackson Melissa , Sundstrom Deborah A. , Jones Galin L. , Speakman John R. , Doyle Celeste A. , Butterwick Richard F. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effects of increased dietary
protein and decreased dietary carbohydrate on hematologic
variables, body composition, and racing performance
in Greyhounds.

Animals—8 adult Greyhounds.

Procedure—Dogs were fed a high-protein (HP; 37%
metabolizable-energy [ME] protein, 33% ME fat, 30%
ME carbohydrate) or moderate-protein (MP; 24% ME
protein, 33% ME fat, 43% ME carbohydrate) extruded
diet for 11 weeks. Dogs subsequently were fed
the other diet for 11 weeks (crossover design). Dogs
raced a distance of 500 m twice weekly. Rectal temperature,
hematologic variables before and after racing,
plasma volume, total body water, body weight,
average weekly food intake, and race times were
measured at the end of each diet period.

Results—When dogs were fed the MP diet, compared
with the HP diet, values (mean ± SD) differed
significantly for race time (32.43 ± 0.48 vs 32.61 ±
0.50 seconds), body weight (32.8 ± 2.5 vs 32.2 ± 2.9
kg), Hct before (56 ± 4 vs 54 ± 6%) and after (67 ± 3
vs 64 ± 8%) racing, and glucose (131 ± 16 vs 151 ±
27 mg/dl) and triglyceride (128 ± 17 vs 104 ± 28
mg/dl) concentrations after racing.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Greyhounds
were 0.18 seconds slower (equivalent to 0.08 m/s or
2.6 m) over a distance of 500 m when fed a diet with
increased protein and decreased carbohydrate.
Improved performance attributed to feeding meat to
racing Greyhounds apparently is not attributable to
increased dietary protein and decreased dietary carbohydrate.
(Am J Vet Res 2001;62:440–447)
Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser ventriculocordectomy in standing horses
Authors: Hawkins Jan F. , Andrews-Jones Lydia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a technique for neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser ventriculocordectomy in standing horses and document healing in horses undergoing laser ventriculocordectomy.Animals—6 horses between 2 and 32 years old.Procedure—Under endoscopic guidance, the left laryngeal ventricle was everted with grasping forceps and excised with an Nd:YAG laser, using 60 watts of power in a noncontact fashion (6,403 to 9,197 Joules). Following removal of the ventricle, the vocal cord was photoablated. Horses were examined endoscopically 2, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 47 days after ventriculocordectomy, and 1 horse was euthanatized on each of these days. At necropsy, the larynx was removed intact and examined grossly. Samples were collected for histologic examination of the ventriculocordectomy site.Results—Endoscopic examination revealed granulation tissue by day 7, the start of epithelialization by day 21, and healing by day 47. At necropsy, 4 horses were found to have a small amount of ventricular mucosa remaining dorsally and 1 additional horse was found to have a mucocele. Granulation tissue was identified grossly and histologically in the horses euthanatized between 7 and 30 days after surgery. Incipient reepithelialization was evident histologically on day 14, and complete reepithelialization of the surgery site was evident by day 47.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ventriculocordectomy can safely be performed with an Nd:YAG laser in standing horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:531–537)
Optimization of coagulometric tests that incorporate human plasma for determination of coagulation factor activities in canine plasma
Authors: Mischke Reinhard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To optimize methods used to measure coagulation factor activities in canine plasma, define reference ranges in dogs, and compare activities between canine and human plasma.Sample Population—Human plasma samples (n = 5) and plasma from healthy dogs (140) and dogs with low factor V activity (7), high factor V activity (7), and low factor VIII:C activity (6).Procedure—Coagulometric tests incorporated human plasma deficient in a single coagulation factor (human deficient plasma). Standard curves were generated with pooled plasma from 100 healthy dogs. Effect of sample dilution was evaluated, using plasma from dogs with high or low factor V activity and low factor VIII:C activity. Reference ranges for healthy dogs were established. Activities in human plasma were determined by comparison with standard curves obtained with canine plasma.Results—Activities of factors V and VIII:C in samples diluted ≤ 1:20 influenced results of tests for other coagulation factors. Activities of factors V and VIII:C in human plasma were significantly less than in canine plasma. For the other coagulation factors, significant differences in human plasma-to-canine plasma activity ratios were detected among different sample dilutions.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Accurate measurement of coagulation factor activities in canine plasma, using human deficient plasma, requires higher sample dilutions (ie, > 1:20) than typically used for human plasma. Differences in activities between human and canine plasma and nonparallelism of the standard curves emphasize the necessity for use of species-specific standard curves for accurate determination of coagulation factor activity. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:625–629)
Inoculation of two genotypes of Hemobartonella felis (California and Ohio variants) to induce infection in cats and the response to treatment with azithromycin
Authors: Westfall Donald S. , Jensen Wayne A. , Reagan William J. , Radecki Steven V. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To describe clinical and laboratory findings associated with cats experimentally infected by inoculation with the 2 recognized genotypes ofHemobartonella felis(small variant, Hfsm; large variant, Hflg) and to determine the response of cats to treatment with azithromycin.Animals—18 young adult domestic shorthair cats of both sexes.Procedures—Cats were inoculated withH felisand monitored weekly, using CBC counts and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to detect both genetic variants ofH felis. Beginning 26 days after inoculation, 11 cats were administered azithromycin (15 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h, for 7 days).Results—Inoculation resulted in coinfection with Hflg and Hfsm, and both variants were detected by PCR. Clinical abnormalities and anemia were most severe in Hflg- and dual-infected cats. Results of PCR and CBC were positive forH felisin 112/112 (100%) and 42/112 (37.5%), respectively, samples collected after inoculation. Administration of azithromycin had little effect on clinical variables, including anemia. All cats, regardless of treatment with azithromycin, had positive results for the PCR at the end of the study period.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In these cats, Hflg was more pathogenic than Hfsm, and coinfection with both variants was detected. Results of the PCR were superior to results of CBC for detecting infection withH felis. Azithromycin administered at the dose and duration reported here was not efficacious for the treatment of cats with hemobartonellosis. (Am J Vet Res2000;62:687–691)
Expression of interleukin-1β in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis
Authors: Fontaine Genevieve L. , Belknap James K. , Allen Douglas , Moore James N. , Kroll Dan L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To study expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis.Animals—8 healthy adult horses with no signs of laminitis.Procedure—Black walnut extract was administered via nasogastric tube to 4 horses, and water was administered to the remaining 4 (controls). Complete blood counts and physical examinations were performed every 30 minutes after administration of black walnut extract or water. General anesthesia was induced when total WBC count decreased by 30% in horses given the black walnut extract and 3 hours after water administration in control horses. The left forefoot was perfusion fixed with neutral-buffered 10% formalin, and paraffin-embedded sections of the digit were used for in situ hybridization with an equine-specific IL-1β probe.Results—IL-1β mRNA expression was observed in perivascular cells of the small laminar venules and capillaries in all 4 horses given black walnut extract and in interstitial cells remote from the microvasculature in 1 of the 4. Other cellular components of the laminar tissue and cellular components of the digital arterioles and veins did not exhibit IL-1β mRNA expression. Expression of IL-1β mRNA was not detected in laminae from control horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that IL-1β mRNA is expressed by perivascular cells in the laminar tissues of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. This provides evidence of an inflammatory process during the prodromal stage of laminitis, indicating that local digital proinflammatory cytokine expression may be an initiating factor in laminitis.(Am J Vet Res2001;62: 714–720)
Biomechanical analysis of suture anchors and suture materials used for toggle pin stabilization of hip joint luxation in dogs
Authors: Baltzer Wendy I. , Schulz Kurt S. , Stover Susan M. , Taylor Ken T. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare in vitro mechanical properties
of toggle pins and toggle rods used as suture
anchors and of 3 suture materials (50-lb monofilament
polybutester, No. 5 braided polyester, and 5-mm
woven polyester) commonly used as prosthetic ligaments
in the repair of hip joint luxation in dogs.

Sample Population—Femoropelvic specimens from
the cadavers of 18 dogs.

Procedure—Suture anchors were compared by use
of pullout tests. Suture materials were compared by
use of monotonic and cyclic tensile tests; cyclic tensile
tests were performed with the suture placed over
the edge of an aluminum bar to simulate the edge of
the femoral bone tunnel. In vitro mechanical properties
of the ligament of the femoral head were determined
by use of monotonic tensile tests, using boneligament-bone cadaveric specimens. The in vitro
mechanical properties of the acetabulum-ligamentfemur
complex and of this complex following rupture
of the ligament and stabilization with a toggle rod and
5-mm woven polyester were determined by use of
compression tests that simulated weight-bearing.

Results—Mechanical properties of the toggle rod
were not significantly different from those of the toggle
pin. Woven polyester had the longest fatigue life
in cyclic testing. Hip joints stabilized with a toggle rod
and woven polyester had less than half the strength
in vitro of intact joints.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested
that a toggle rod or toggle pin can be used for
stabilization of hip joint luxations in dogs. Of the
materials tested, braided polyester had the best in
vitro mechanical properties. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:
721–728)
Effects of ground surface deformability, trimming, and shoeing on quasistatic hoof loading patterns in horses
Authors: Hood David M. , Taylor Danny , Wagner Ilka P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether solar load distribution pattern on a solid nondeformable ground surface is the product of contact erosion and is the mirror image of load distribution on a deformable surface in horses.Animals—30 clinically normal horses.Procedures—Solar load distribution was compared among 25 clinically normal horses during quasistatic loading on a solid nondeformable surface and on a highly deformable surface. Changes in solar load distribution patterns were evaluated in 5 previously pasture- maintained horses housed on a flat nondeformable surface. Changes in solar load distribution created by traditional trimming and shoeing were recorded.Results—Unshod untrimmed horses had a 4-point (12/25, 48%) or a 3-point (13/25, 52%) wall load distribution pattern on a flat solid surface. Load distribution on a deformable ground surface was principally solar and located transversely across the central region of the foot. Ground surface contact areas on solid (24.2 ± 8.62 cm2) and deformable (69.4 ± 22.55 cm2) surfaces were significantly different. Maintaining unshod horses on a flat nondeformable surface resulted in a loss of the 3- and 4-point loading pattern and an increase in ground surface contact area (17.9 ± 2.77 to 39.9 ± 12.77 cm2). Trimming increased ground surface contact area (24.2 ± 8.60 to 45.7 ± 14.89 cm2).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In horses, the solar surface is the primary weight-loading surface, and deformability of ground surface may have a role in foot expansion during loading. Increased surface area induced by loading on deformable surfaces, trimming, and shoeing protects the foot. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:895–900)