bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nonstandard Delta Function in a Predicative Theory
Authors: Zahn Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn [1] Todorov has shown by means of axiomatic set theory that there exists a nonstandard function Δ: *ℝn → * ℂ such that for all continuous functions φ: ℝn → ℂ,
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.Here *ℝ and *ℂ are the set of the nonstandard real numbers and the set of the nonstandard complex numbers, respectively, and *φ: *ℝn → *ℂ is the nonstandard extension of φ In the present note we want to prove an analogous theorem by predicative means only.
Two NP‐Hard Art‐Gallery Problems for Ortho‐Polygons
Authors: Schuchardt Dietmar , Hecker Hans‐Dietrich 
Published: June 2007

AbstractD. T. Lee and A. K. Lin [2] proved that VERTEX‐GUARDING and POINT‐GUARDING are NP‐hard for simple polygons. We prove that those problems are NP‐hard for ortho‐polygons, too.
La relation différence et l'anti‐isomorphie
Authors: Boudabbous Youssef , Lopez Gérard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with pairs of binary relations defined on the same finite basis and which the 3‐element restrictions are isomorphic and those of 5‐element restrictions are isomorphic or anti‐isomorphic. To each of these pairs, we associate an equivalence relation which yields a decomposition of these relations into classes that we will characterize. As application, we get the treshold of half‐reconstruction for tournaments.
Ternary Operations as Primitive Notions for Constructive Plane Geometry VI
Authors: Pambuccian Victor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we provide quantifier‐free, constructive axiomatizations for several fragments of plane Euclidean geometry over Euclidean fields, such that each axiom contains at most 4 variables. The languages in which they are expressed contain only at most ternary operations. In some precisely defined sense these axiomatizations are the simplest possible.
Characterizing Belnap's Logic via De Morgan's Laws
Authors: Pynko Alexej P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is technically to study Belnap's four‐valued sentential logic (see [2]). First, we obtain a Gentzen‐style axiomatization of this logic that contains no structural rules while all they are still admissible in the Gentzen system what is proved with using some algebraic tools. Further, the mentioned logic is proved to be the least closure operator on the set of {Λ, V, ⌝}‐formulas satisfying Tarski's conditions for classical conjunction and disjunction together with De Morgan's laws for negation. It is also proved that Belnap's logic is the only sentential logic satisfying the above‐mentioned conditions together with Anderson‐Belnap's Variable‐Sharing Property. Finally, we obtain a finite Hilbert‐style axiomatization of this logic. As a consequence, we obtain a finite Hilbert‐style axiomatization of Priest's logic of paradox (see [12]).
Some Boolean Algebras with Finitely Many Distinguished Ideals I
Authors: Aragón Regina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe consider the theory Thprin of Boolean algebras with a principal ideal, the theory Thmax of Boolean algebras with a maximal ideal, the theory Thac of atomic Boolean algebras with an ideal where the supremum of the ideal exists, and the theory Thsa of atomless Boolean algebras with an ideal where the supremum of the ideal exists. First, we find elementary invariants for Thprin and Thsa. If T is a theory in a first order language and α is a linear order with least element, then we let Sentalg(T) be the Lindenbaum‐Tarski algebra with respect to T, and we let intalg(α) be the interval algebra of α. Using rank diagrams, we show that Sentalg(Thprin) ⋍ intalg(ω4), Sentalg(Thmax) ⋍ intalg(ω3) ⋍ Sentalg(Thac), and Sentalg(Thsa) ⋍ intalg(ω2 + ω2). For Thmax and Thac we use Ershov's elementary invariants of these theories. We also show that the algebra of formulas of the theory Tx of Boolean algebras with finitely many ideals is atomic.
Relatively Recursively Enumerable Versus Relatively Σ1in Models of Peano Arithmetic
Authors: Michalski Grzegorz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe show that that every countable model ofPAhas a conservative extensionMwith a subsetYsuch that a certain Σ1(Y)‐formula defines inMa subset which is not r. e. relative toY.
An Infinitary Graded Modal Logic (Graded Modalities VI)
Authors: Fattorosi‐Barnaba Maurizio , Grassotti Silvano 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe prove a completeness theorem for K, the infinitary extension of the graded version K0 of the minimal normal logic K, allowing conjunctions and disjunctions of countable sets of formulas. This goal is achieved using both the usual tools of the normal logics with graded modalities and the machinery of the predicate infinitary logics in a version adapted to modal logic.
Machines Over the Reals and Non‐Uniformity
Authors: Cucker Felipe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe survey the research performed in the last few years on a specific topic: the power of real machines over binary inputs. This research attempts to characterize the classes of decision problems over a finite alphabet ‐ say {0,1} ‐ which can be decided by real machines working under several resource restrictions. Non‐uniformity appears here in a natural way. However, since this is a technical concept which is not widely known, we summarize in Section 2 some of the intuitive notions, as well as a few basic theorems related to it. In Section 3 we do this for the subject of real machines and then, in Section 4 we present the state of the art of the surveyed topic. We devote Section 1 to introduce the main concepts of complexity theory. Proofs in this article are quite sketchy and are included more to convey intuitive ideas than to completely prove the claimed statements. Bibliographical references to the original literature are supplied for the latter purpose.
Logics with Zero‐One Laws that Are Not Fragments of Bounded‐Variable Infinitary Logic
Authors: Stewart Iain A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe show that the (NP‐complete) problem CUB, being the problem of deciding whether a graph has a cubic subgraph, can not be defined inLand so the logic (±CUB)*[FO] has a zero‐one law and can not be regarded as a fragment ofL. It had previously been shown that the logic (±3COL)*[FO], where 3COL is the problem of deciding whether a graph can be 3‐coloured, enjoys a similar status. In an attempt to clarify their relative expressibilities, we show that the problems 3COL and CUB are not equivalent with respect to first‐order translations but that there exist problems definable in (±3COL)*[FO] and (±CUB)*[FO] that are not first‐order definable: it remains open as to whether these two logics have the same expressibility. In order to prove our results we slightly extend a technique due to Cai, Fürer and Immerman, and we formulate and play (extended Ehrenfeucht‐Fraïssé) games very similar to those proposed by Kolaitis and Väänänen, and Grädel.
Cost of prediction error in the economic order quantity formula
Authors: Lowenthal Franklin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe relative cost of prediction error in the economic order quantity model that results from the incorrect prediction of parameter values for annual demand, purchase order cost and carrying cost is described as a function solely of the relative error in those parameter values, and is shown to be independent of the absolute magnitude of these parameters. This function is shown to have, over a certain range, an important contraction property so that the relative cost of prediction error will be (significantly) less than the relative error in the parameter value.
Indicators and causes of size advantages in industry
Authors: Hirschey Mark , Wichern Dean W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRelationships among indicators and causes of size advantages in industry are analysed here using Jöreskog and Goldberger's multiple indicator and multiple cause model. This approach is thought to be particularly appropriate for the study of size advantages in industry since only imperfect indicators of this important economic variable are typically available. An important objective of the analysis is to learn whether or not size advantages tend to be more effectively exploited in instances of high concentration. Estimation results suggest that this is indeed the case, and imply a direction of causation from concentration to realized size advantages much as earlier studies have found that concentration causes reductions in production costs and suboptimal capacity. This finding is important from a theoretical point of view since it suggests that further studies on the subject should consider the possibility that the degree to which size advantages in industry are exploited is endogenously determined. In addition, these findings imply that antitrust policies intending to reduce the relative sizes of leading firms must be sensitive to the potential for at least some losses in operating efficiency.
Pharmaceuticals inter‐country diffusion
Authors: Cullen Ross 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper considers possible determinants of diffusion processes and exposes to test hypotheses on determinants of mean lags per country and numbers of new products launched in each country. For drugs launched before 1969 these mean lags and numbers of products appear primarily to have been determined by commercial forces. Drugs launched after 1969 do not exhibit such predictable diffusion patterns. Assessents of regulatory tightness in the eighteen markets studied provide impressive explanations for changes in mean lag times per country and numbers of products launched‐in each country. FDA critics appear justified in claiming that FDA regulations have caused a US drug lag.
The determinants of strike activity in foreign‐owned plants: Inter‐industry evidence from British Manufacturing Industry 1971–1973
Authors: Enderwick Peter , Buckley Peter J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA simple exit(quit)–voice (bargaining) model of strike activity is applied to a sample of foreign‐owned plants in British manufacturing industry. Strike activity is found to depend on both structural and cost factors. Intra‐enterprise trade appears to be a significant cost consideration for integrated firms. These findings have important implications for labour responses to the multinational enterprise and challenge the alleged bargaining disadvantage of labour.
Transaction costs to retailers of different methods of payment: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Grant Robert M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDo credit card transactions cost the retailer substantially more than other forms of payment? This question was central to a study of the relative costs of cash, cheque, credit card and credit account transactions to retailers in the United Kingdom. The study identifies the principal cost elements and provides quantitative estimates based upon a pilot sample. The costs of accepting credit card and providing credit accounts were found to depend crucially upon the generation of additional sales by these forms of payment.
The micro foundations of the corporate economy
Authors: Eichner Alfred S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper challenges the orthodox microeconomic theory of the firm which is being gradually replaced as the consensus view by managerialist, behaviourist, institutionalist and post‐Keynesian schools of thought. From this new microeconomics is emerging a synthesis which is providing the foundations for a theory of the ‘megacorp’. Megacorps have behaviour patterns at odds with those of the atomistic firm. Unless this is understood and an appropriate theory developed, attempts to manage the economy by traditional means are doomed to failure. The paper lays the foundations of such a theory at both the micro and macro levels.
Does strategy pay?
Authors: Sutton Clive J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEmpirical research on the relation between strategy and performance is rarely conclusive. This paper reviews a number of such studies, and suggests that while the links between planning or market share and performance have been fairly clearly established for certain circumstances or time periods, the results for diversity or merger are much more equivocal. Further, it suggests that even ‘established’ results are of little help to strategists, and that the unanswered questions relating to empirical studies must continue to limit their usefulness for strategic planning.
Concentration, unionization and the distribution of income in Canadian Manufacturing Industry: Comment
Authors: Dickson V. A. , McFetridge D. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis note comments on a recent article in this journal by Hollander. The principal points made are two. First, if Hollander's regressions are interpreted as representing the determinants of non‐wage share of value‐added, no evidence is provided by these regressions that monopsony power transfers income from factors in one industry to factors in another. Second, the interpretation of the regressions as representing the determinants of non‐wage share of value‐added is itself challenged. In so doing the role of capital intensity variables in these types of studies is clarified.
An analysis of risky financial decisions
Authors: Mehrez A. , Regev U. , Spivak A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA problem of financing uncertain cost of a project is investigated. The paper analyses the allocation and the loss due to the cost uncertainty. Different formulations of the problem are suggested and compared: expected profits, chance constraint maximization and a utility approach. It is shown that even a risk‐neutral manager is willing to pay a premium to reduce uncertainty. The two approaches to risk, chance constraint versus concave utility, are shown to be non‐equivalent.
Mini/micro computer evaluation of system features: An empirical discriminant model of software and hardware expandability, compatibility, cost‐efficiency, installation and delivery
Authors: Rushinek Avi , Rushinek Sara F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe rapid advances in technology with declining costs of hardware is expected to widen the market for computers. One of the interesting balances for vendors to achieve is keeping users happy with increases in price performance, usually with lower unit costs. One way to achieve this objective is by satisfying users and meeting their needs. Users have many different needs, however, and it may be very difficult to prioritize them since many of the needs are partially mutually exclusive. For example, the promotion of one need, low response time, would be at the expense of another need, low cost. Therefore, mini/micro vendors and users could use a model that will prioritize needs and measure how satisfied users are with specific computer systems as compared to others. Similarly, the same information may be very useful to current and future computer users for system selection. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study is to provide vendors and users of mini/micro computers with a discriminant model. This model classifies correctly 93% of the successful systems. Thus it can be used for system selection by users and for system design by vendors.
The growth of shiftwork in the British food, drink and tobacco industries
Authors: Ingram A. H. , Sloane P. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe authors develop and estimate an econometric model of shiftworking for male, manual employees in the food, drink and tobacco industries. In the demand equations TSLS techniques are used to take account of simultaneity in the determination of shiftworking, capital intensity and plant size. Market demand variables are also incorporated in the model to allow for the distinction between ex ante and ex post decisions to work shifts. A demand variable is also incorporated in the supply equations. The results confirm the diverse economic characteristics of these industries, suggesting that inter‐industry studies may conceal a considerable degree of variation at MLH level.
Investment performance of canadian real estate stocks using sharpe's performance index
Authors: Achour Dominique , Brown Robert , Roy Yvon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe investment performance of a Canadian portfolio of Canadian public real estate companies is analyzed over the period 1971–79. Using Sharpe's index of performance, it would appear at first sight that this portfolio exhibited remarkable superior performance. Moreover, this conclusion is not due to some peculiarity of the Sharpe measure: results using Treynor's measure suggest a similar conclusion. We then apply the significance tests recently recommended by Jobson and Korkie (1981). When their preferred test is applied, we are unable to reject the null hypothesis that the real estate portfolio did not exhibit superior investment performance. This result illustrates the necessity of performing adequate statistical significance tests whenever investment performance is being evaluated.
Predictions of annual earnings using quarterly earnings, annual earnings and dividend payout ratios
Authors: Lobo Gerald J. , Nair R. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study empirically examines two issues related to forecasting annual accounting earnings. The first issue studied is the improvement in forecasts of annual earnings that can be obtained by including information about dividend payout along with the past earnings series in forecasting models. The second issue deals with the comparative ability of quarterly earnings time series models and annual earnings time series models to predict annual earnings. The results of this study indicate that considerable improvement in predictive ability can be obtained by expanding the information set to include the dividend payout ratio series. The empirical analysis also indicates that time series models developed using annual earnings generate more accurate predictions of annual earnings than do models developed using quarterly earnings.
Risk and return under changing regulation: An empirical analysis
Authors: Bubnys Edward L. , Primeaux Walter J. , Zumwalt J. Kenton 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been observed that utility executives generally argue for inflation‐adjusted rate bases while consumer groups advocate original‐cost valuation methods. Recent analytical and empirical studies indicate rate‐base valuation methods should not and do not account for differences in utilities‐accounting‐realized rates of return. However, there is evidence that changes in valuation methods may cause changes in realized returns due to over‐ or under‐compensation for the effects of inflation. This study examines the impact of changes in rate‐base valuation methods on (1) systematic risk, (2) expected shareholder returns and (3) realized shareholder returns. A unique time series data set and a new statistical procedure are utilized. Overall, the results are consistent with the earlier analytical and empirical studies. However, the results for utilities in one state provide support for the argument that investors fare better under fair‐value regulation.
A discretionary model of industrial buying
Authors: Cameron Samuel , Shipley David D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper demons!rules that product differentials exert an important influence on the demand for industrial inputs. It presents a utiliu‐maximizing model of industrial buying which integrates the empirical findings of marketing scholars with orthodox economic theory. The model receives statistical support in the form of partial correlations of industrial sourcing determinants and a factor‐analytical extraction of hypothetical constructs corresponding to features which in the model influence sourcing decisions.
A programmed equity‐redemption approach to the finance of public projects
Authors: Chapman C. B. , Cooper Dale F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA programmed equity‐redemption approach to finance and analysis is discussed in the context of the financial feasibility of a capital‐intensive project. The approach was developed in relation In a large hydroelectric power‐development decision; il is illustrated here using domestic wail‐insulation as an example. It separates the roles of conventional debt‐providers, programmed redemption equity‐providers, conventional equity‐providers and consumers. Equity with a programmed redemption pattern provides a bridge between conventional debt and equity. Even if il is not used as a means of finance, it provides a new perspective on investment analysis, by separating safe normal profits and uncertain supra‐normal profits in a conceptually convenient framework. In the latter context it complements a parametric discounting treatment of economic desirability analysis discussed in an earlier paper.
The Ramsey number R(3, t) has order of magnitude t2/log t
Authors: Kim Jeong Han 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Ramsey number R(s, t) for positive integers s and t is the minimum integer n for which every red‐blue coloring of the edges of a complete n‐vertex graph induces either a red complete graph of order s or a blue complete graph of order t. This paper proves that R(3, t) is bounded below by (1 – o(1))t/2/log t times a positive constant. Together with the known upper bound of (1 + o(1))t2/log t, it follows that R(3, t) has asymptotic order of magnitude t2/log t. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the computational complexity of ordered subgraph recognition
Authors: Duffus Dwight , Ginn Mark , Rödl Vojtěch 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLet (G, <) be a finite graph G with a linearly ordered vertex set V. We consider the decision problem (G, <)ORD to have as an instance an (unordered) graph Γ and as a question whether there exists a linear order ≤ on V(Γ) and an order preserving graph isomorphism of (G, <) onto an induced subgraph of Γ. Several familiar classes of graph are characterized as the yes‐instances of (G, < )ORD for appropriate choices of (G, <). Here the complexity of (G, <)ORD is investigated. We conjecture that for any 2‐connected graph G, G ≠ Kk, (G, <)ORD is NP‐complete. This is verified for almost all 2‐connected graphs. Several related problems are formulated and discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Appearance of complex components in a random bigraph
Authors: Delaurentis J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is an investigation into the limiting distribution of the sparse connected components in an n1 × n2 bipartite multigraph with approximately ½n edges, where n1, n2 ≈︁ ½n. We will show that the probability of finding no complex components in a random n1 × n2 bigraph, with approximately ½n edges, is asymptotically the same as for random graphs with n vertices and approximately ½n edges, namely √2/3. In addition, we will show that, for n1 × n2 multi‐bigraphs, the probability distribution for finitely many bicyclic components, tricyclic components, etc., with no components having more than a given number of cycles, asymptotically equals the corresponding distribution for random multigraphs with n vertices and approximately half as many edges. As an application of this analysis we present a method for estimating the efficiency of memory access in a distributed, replicated data base.
The minimal spanning tree in a complete graph and a functional limit theorem for trees in a random graph
Authors: Janson Svante 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe minimal weight of a spanning tree in a complete graph Kn with independent, uniformly distributed random weights on the edges is shown to have an asymptotic normal distribution. The proof uses a functional limit extension of results by Barbour and Pittel on the distribution of the number of tree components of given sizes in a random graph.