bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vznik závazku ze smlouvy o dílo určitým ujednáním díla anebo předmětu díla
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Knobloch Jan 
Published: April 2024

In order to create an obligation under a work contract, it is necessary for the parties to negotiate the essential elements (essentialia negotii) of the work contract, which are determined in particular by the provisions of Section 2586(1) of the Civil Code and Section 2587 of the Civil Code. Without a specific agreement on the essential elements, the work contract will not be validly concluded. The doctrine of the Civil Code also leads to the conclusion that a works contract obliges the contractor to supply the client with independent work and that is determined by the result – the subject of the work. As regards the essential elements of a work contract, the article focuses exclusively on the determination of the work arrangement and/or the subject matter of the work. In view of the current doctrine and the applicable decision-making practice of the courts, the article tests the hypothesis according to which a work contract is validly concluded only if the parties to the work contract have definitely agreed on the activity of the contractor (i.e. the work) and at the same time on a certain result of such activity (i.e. the subject of the work) and if one of these essential elements is not definitely agreed in the work contract, then the work contract will not be validly concluded. In order to test the above hypothesis, three model types of works contract are developed, which imply the necessity of a certain stipulation of the work and/or the subject matter of the work depending on the economic importance of a particular type of works contract. Finally, the author calls for a consistent distinction between the concepts of work and subject matter.
Comparison of Surrogacy laws of Austria, Slovakia and Ukraine
Authors:   Central European Academy, Nagy Zsófia 
Published: April 2024

Assisted reproductive technology has introduced a large scope of medical solutions for infertile couples to found a family, however surrogacy seems to be the most debated, as it triggers many ethical and legal questions. The multicolor of legal reactions to this sensitive issue can be represented through the legislation of the three countries in the Central European region, despite the decision making ot the ECtHR and the continuously ongoing europeanization and unification of law in Europe. However, in this regard, the domestic legislation enjoys prime attention and significance, because the ECtHR approaches these cases with a relatively ,,open-mind“ by giving the member state a large margin of appreciation in their legislation of delicate topics. This carefulness of the ECtHR was represented in case of Austria, where it highlighted the importance of free discretion of the country to decide whether to constrain surrogacy or not. Austria with this validation could maintain its prohibitive legislation towards surrogacy, but could also permit certain assisted reproductive techniques. From the Slovak domestic legislation we can demonstrate how certain countries can take the path of the complete non-regulation of surrogacy methods. The lack of detailed regulation on ART, the implicit ,,ban“ on surrogacy arrangements, and the determination of motherhood on gestational basis all reflect and contribute to the conservative approach Slovakia generally demonstartes in the field of reproductive and sexual rights. One prime example of permitting legislation on surrogacy comes from Ukraine, where even commercial surrogacy has been acceptable since the 1990s. There, the domestic legislation tries to protect all the three subjects of the surrogacy arrangement, also lessens the complications when issuing the birth certificate of the child. Despite the complex legislation of ART, some key features and concepts are not taken into consideration in these laws, which may endanger the legal certainty of the parties. By examining all the three legal approaches (prohibition, permission, non-regulation) a state can chose in regulating surrogacy through the examples of Austria, Slovakia and Ukraine, we can conclude that neither of them may seem satisfactory. The lack of an European standard in this regard may cause serious inadequacies, on the other hand one shall respect the ethical and moral reasoning of the state when drafting a regulation on such a delicate issue. However, this free attitude may not be maintainable in the future, especially with the strong emergence of international surrogacy cases.
Blanketní stížnost proti usnesení o zahájení trestního řízení
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Slovák Martin 
Published: April 2024

The paper on the topic of the blanket complaint against the decision to initiate a criminal prosecution will start with general knowledge about the indictment and the ordinary remedy that the complaint represents. A comparison of the current legislation with the forthcoming recodification of the Code of Criminal Procedure will not be left aside. Further, the decision-making of the Constitutional Court in relation to a blanket complaint against a decision to initiate a criminal prosecution will be discussed.
Zveřejňování informací z kontroly
Authors:   Vysoká škola CEVRO Institut, z.ú., Vetešník Pavel 
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the conditions of publication of information from the inspection of the inspection regulations. In the article, I will first define the inspection according to the inspection regulations and the cases in which the inspection authority is authorized to obtain the required information from the inspected person. The information provided is subject to the obligation of confidentiality, and therefore the explanatory terms of this obligation. Following the cases in which the control authority is authorized to publish the information obtained from the control, including a possible judicial review of such publication. Then I write the cases of the third published information from the inspection at the instigation of the person, according to individual legal regulations. Even in this case, I will focus on a possible judicial review, if the information from the inspection is not provided to a third party. Due to the fact that control bodies cooperate with each other, if at the end of the article they focus on publishing information from another control body.
AMBIGUITY IN THE TRANSLATION OF QURANIC EUPHEMISMS INTO THE MALAY LANGUAGE
Authors: Mohd Saad Muhammad Luqman Ibnul Hakim , Ab. Halim Zulazhan , Mohmad Rouyan Nurazan , Zakaria Razimi 
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: Translators encounter significant challenges when dealing with the structures of Quranic euphemisms, particularly in effectively avoiding ambiguity of meanings in the target text. This study aims to investigate ambiguity in the translation of Quranic euphemisms into the Malay language and identify effective approaches to address it.

Methodology: The present study employed a descriptive analysis, adapting Olimat’s (2018) Evaluation Model of Euphemism Translation in the Quran and Newmark’s (1981) Semantic and Communicative Theory. Six samples were meticulously chosen with the purpose of effectively capturing ambiguities in the translation of texts related to the domain of sexuality. This study presents each Quranic euphemism in its original Malay translation and a literal English translation, aiming to enhance comprehension and promote a deeper appreciation of the nuances and subtleties in the translation of Quranic euphemisms.

Findings: The findings revealed notable deficiencies in accurately conveying the intended meaning in certain translations, despite the implementation of parentheses to facilitate explicitation. Additionally, some translations fell short of fulfilling the lexical function of the words, leading to discrepancies and insufficiencies of information in communicating the contextual meaning. Furthermore, certain translations did not align with the target language context.
Contributions: Translators need to employ strategies such as contextual analysis, cultural adaptation, and clarification through additional explanatory to minimize ambiguity in the translated text. Overall, five main aspects need to be considered in the translation of Quranic euphemisms: conveying the true meaning, adherence to grammar rules, effectiveness in word selection, preservation of euphemistic style, and appropriateness of translation approaches. The findings of this study offer valuable insights to Quran translators, specifically those involved in the field of Arabic-Malay translation and pave the way for future advancements.

Keywords: Ambiguity, Quran translation, Quranic euphemisms, translation approach, translation quality.

Cite as: Mohd Saad, M. L. I. H., Ab Halim, Z., Rouyan, N. M., & Zakaria, R. (2024). Ambiguity in the translation of Quranic euphemisms into the Malay language. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(1), 74-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss1pp74-96
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR IN PREDICTING MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' USE OF ICT DURING TEACHING AND LEARNING SESSIONS
Authors: Mat Yusoff Shahazwan , Lijie Hao , Mohamad Marzaini Anwar Farhan , Basal Mohd Helme 
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a framework utilized to comprehend human behaviour towards the adoption and utilization of technology, particularly in educational settings such as ICT usage during teaching and learning sessions. The study aimed to determine the validity of the TPB model in explaining the use of ICT (UICT) by secondary school teachers in Malaysia during their teaching and learning sessions. Additionally, the research sought to identify the most influential factor affecting the use of UICT, and examine the differences in UICT use in relation to demographic variables such as gender and years of teaching experience.

Methodology: A total of 331 secondary school teachers from 30 schools in Selangor, Malaysia participated in the study and a 24-item online questionnaire was used to measure four constructs (BB, NB, CB, and UICT), and the validity of the TPB model in explaining the use of UICT by Malaysian secondary school teachers was confirmed using PLS-SEM analysis.

Findings: The study found that all three constructs (BB, NB, and CB) had a significant influence on UICT use during teaching practices, with CB being the most significant predictor (β = .388). Although no significant differences were found in relation to gender, the study did reveal significant differences based on years of teaching.

Contributions: The findings of this study provide a valuable framework for future studies to build upon and extend their understanding of the factors that shape ICT use among secondary school teachers. Furthermore, the model could be replicated in other educational contexts, such as early childhood education and primary education, or with pre-service teachers from developing countries, in order to validate the generalizability of the results.

Keywords: Use of ICT, theory of planned behaviour, secondary school teachers, Malaysia.

Cite as: Mat Yusoff, S., Lijie, H., Mohamad Marzaini, A. F., & Basal, M. H. (2024). An investigation of the theory of planned behavior in predicting Malaysian secondary school teachers' use of ICT during teaching and learning Sessions. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(1), 97-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss1pp97-120
National Independent Fiscal Institutions Need to Be Stronger to Perform Effectively
Authors: Daianu Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In April 2023, the European Commission issued a directive proposal on EU economic governance reform. The Council cut some tasks of Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs) that were in the Commission directive proposal; whether this cutting is justified is an open question. Early this year, the Council and the Parliament reached a provisional agreement on the proposed reform of the EU economic governance framework. The vision of the Commission that would involve IFIs in the assessment of fiscal-structural plans is not groundless. But structural reforms and investment analysis demand expertise that hardly exists in most national IFIs, and their involvement in policy design could be perceived as a technocratic inroad into democratic decision-making. In order to play a more significant and effective role, national IFIs need adequate resources and enhanced analytical capacity; their activity depends heavily on the policy design of the EU economic governance. National IFIs should view their role from a macroprudential perspective, too. The role of IFIs should not go beyond what most of them can deliver effectively, so that their status and reputation are not harmed.
The Impact of The Computerized Accounting Information System in Reducing Financial Risks in Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors: Al-Amro Sameer Ahmad , AL-Shaqahin Riad Musleh , Shawaqfeh George Nasser , Hijazin Maen Yousef Khalaf 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of computerized accounting information systems (CAIS) on reducing financial risks within Jordanian commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. This involved examining the components, characteristics, and benefits of CAIS in this context.

Methods: The study employed a questionnaire-based approach to gather information, distributing 75 questionnaires among financial managers and internal auditors within Jordanian commercial banks. A total of 64 questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed to draw conclusions.

Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed a significant impact of various variables related to computerized information systems in mitigating financial risks within the sampled banks. This finding underscores the importance of CAIS in enhancing risk management practices within the banking sector. Notably, the study highlights the necessity of corporate governance implementation and the preparation of specialized reports to enhance financial risk disclosure processes.

Implications of the Research: The findings of this research have several implications for both academia and practice. Firstly, they emphasize the crucial role of CAIS in reducing financial risks within commercial banks. Secondly, they underscore the importance of implementing robust corporate governance mechanisms to strengthen risk management frameworks. Additionally, the study suggests the need for further research to explore the impact of accounting information systems on different types of risks and their consequent effects on financial performance.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the specific context of Jordanian commercial banks and their utilization of CAIS for managing financial risks. By identifying the components, characteristics, and benefits of CAIS in this setting, the research adds valuable knowledge to the field of accounting and finance. Moreover, its recommendations for enhanced corporate governance practices and specialized reporting can inform practical strategies for risk management in banking institutions.
Development of The Association Capacity in Mathematical Problem Solving for 3rd Grade Students: Findings from Primary Schools In Vietnam
Authors: Trang Pham Huyen , Thang Nguyen The , Hai Hoang Nam 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Developing association capacity in math issues solving for 3rd graders plays an important part in the implementation of reforming the general education schedule and most teachers are aware of this. However, the reality of teaching in primary schools shows that there are many limitations in training the factors of association capacity for students.

Method: Using observation and experimental methods to find out how association capacity of 34 students of 3rd grade of a primary school in Danang, Vietnam can be to solve math problems and find the concrete evidence to propose pedagogical measures to develop association capacity in solving math issues for students through teaching activities.

Results and conclusion: Research results show that students are better at developing association capacity in solving math problems by new pedagogical methods.

Research implications: If teachers apply it appropriately in teaching 3rd grade math, they will develop students' ability to think critically when solving mathematical problems.
Land Use Changes and Agricultural Developments in the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin: 1985 to 2022
Authors: Sousa Erlan Silva de , Marques Elineide Eugenio 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate land use changes and investigate agricultural expansion in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin from 1985 to 2022.

Theoretical framework: The Tocantins-Araguaia basin has undergone significant changes in land use and occupation, mainly due to the rapid expansion of agriculture and livestock. This expansion, driven by factors such as the growing demand for food and agricultural commodities, has generated socio-environmental impacts and increased discussion about sustainable use practices in the basin.

Methods: Images from the MapBiomas Project were used to generate land use maps and statistical analyses.

Results and discussion: The results indicate changes in land use and cover in the basin over the analyzed period. There was a reduction in forest areas, most of which were converted into agricultural areas, which showed significant growth. Analysis of the evolution of agricultural production in the basin revealed an increase in the area allocated to agriculture, mainly for crops such as soybeans, sugar cane and other temporary crops.

Research implications: Patterns of change in land use highlight the pressing need to adopt sustainable agricultural development strategies that reconcile food production with the conservation of natural ecosystems and the well-being of family farmers and local communities.

Originality/Value: It is important to understand the trends and effects of changes in land use in the basin to guide sustainable natural resource management policies and minimize potential negative effects of these changes on the environment and local communities.
The Nature and Existence of Jurisprudence in State Administrative Courts in Indonesia
Authors: Razak Askari , Perdana Taufik , Rahman Abd. , Thalib Hambali 
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of jurisprudence in resolving cases by judges to achieve legal certainty, justice, and utility in their decisions.

Theoretical Framework: Drawing on legal principles and legislative frameworks such as Article 28 of Law No. 48/2009 on Judicial Power, Article 22 AB (Algemene Bepalingen Van Wetgeving), and Article 1917 of the Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW), this research explores the role of jurisprudence as a source of law and its significance in the judicial process.

Methodology: This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing legal analysis and case studies to investigate the application of jurisprudence by judges in resolving cases. Data collection involves examining legal documents, court decisions, and scholarly literature related to the topic.

Results and Conlusion: The findings indicate that jurisprudence plays a crucial role in enhancing legal certainty, justice, and utility in judicial decisions. Judges utilize jurisprudential principles as guiding frameworks to ensure consistency and fairness in their rulings, thus contributing to the effectiveness of the legal system. this study highlights the importance of jurisprudence in achieving the objectives of the judicial system. By incorporating jurisprudential principles into their decision-making processes, judges can uphold legal certainty, promote justice, and maximize the utility of their rulings, ultimately strengthening the rule of law.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA: A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Muhsin Abdulrahman A. , Atrushi Akrem M. , Al-Doski Adnan A. 
Published: April 2024

In Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) assessment of molecular response to treatment, assessing minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major independent predictor of treatment outcome. Consequently, MRD is implemented in all ALL-treatment protocols to fill up or to redefine stratification of multifactorial risk with optional intensity of customized treatment.
Aim: to specify the significance of MRD in the assessment of remission in children with ALL with results discordant between morphology and flow cytometry at the end of induction phase of therapy.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jin Oncology Center from March 2019 through November 2023. Data were taken out of the records of 58 patients who had ALL less than 16 years old. All patients were less than 16 years old and treated by ukall. They were diagnosed using peripheral blood morphology, bone marrow study and/or flow cytometry when lymphoblasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate are ≥20% and was confirmed by flow cytometry. On 29th day of induction therapy, bone marrow was examined for morphology and flow cytometry. The presence or absence of MRD was determined, and CD19, CD10 and tdt were tested. By morphologic assessment they were divided patients into: Category 1, C1 (<5% blasts), Category 2, C2 (5-20% blasts), and Category 3, C3 (>20% blasts). Statistical analysis was made using SPSS version 25. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The study involved 58 patients who had ALL. with a median age of 6.5 years, male to females ratio of 1.76:1, mean platelet count of 96.6 x 10⁹/L ,mean hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL, mean leucocyte count of 74.3 x 10⁹/L), 48 cases (82.7%) of B-cell lineage and 10 cases (17.3%) of T-cell lineage, 94.6% of the B-cell cases were of the common B-ALL and the rest Pro-BALL type, 54.6% of the T-cell ALL was cortical T-ALL and 44.4% Early T-cell ALL. They were tested for MRD by morphology and flow cytometry on day 29. By morphology, 46 patients had remission but by flow only 24 cases. Seventeen cases had residual blasts >5%. In 19 cases there was a discrepancy between the results of morphology and flow. Twenty-five cases (52.08% of B-cell cases) were positive for MRD by flow results. Eight of the ten cases of T-ALL (80%), were positive for MRD by flow cytometry. Among 48 cases of B-ALL, 36 were in C1 category (morphologically in remission), 11 cases were in C2 category and one case in the C3 category. Of cases in C1 category, 17 were MRD +ve and 19 were MRD –ve by flow cytometry. In the C2 category, only 2 out of the 11 cases (18.18%) had discordant results between morphology and flow results. The correlation between morphology and flow results was 100% in the C3 category.
Conclusion: MRD should not be the surrogate of morphology but to be used in conjunction in order to give us a more accurate representation of status of remission.