bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circa 1.9 Ga Rae‐Hearne collision from Lu–Hf garnet chronology in eclogites
Authors: Cutts J. A. , Regis D. , Pehrsson S. J. , Graziani R. , Petts D. C. , Smit M. A. , Knox B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCanada's northern cratons record a complex poly‐metamorphic evolution in response to multiple orogenic events. The Snowbird Tectonic Zone (STZ), the principal suture between the Archean Rae and Hearne cratons, is a highly debated structure; it is argued to have accommodated modern‐style accretion in either the Neoarchean (2.6–2.5 Ga) or Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 1.9 Ga). To resolve this controversy, we use Lu–Hf garnet geochronology to date an eclogite collected from the East Athabasca mylonite triangle of the STZ. Garnet shows prograde trace‐element zoning, and we obtained an age of 1914.5 ± 3.4 Ma. The age is interpreted to date the timing of collision related to deep burial of crust along the STZ. This strongly supports Palaeoproterozoic terminal collision between the Rae and Hearne cratons, and that to constrain high‐pressure metamorphism during supercontinent assembly, dating eclogite itself is key.
Factors affecting physicians' decision to start prehospital blood product transfusion in blunt trauma patients: A cohort study of Helsinki Trauma Registry
Authors: Jama Timo , Lefering Rolf , Lauronen Jouni , Handolin Lauri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrehospital blood transfusions are increasing as a treatment for bleeding trauma patients at risk for exsanguination. Triggers for starting transfusion in the field are less studied. We analyzed the factors affecting the decision of physicians to start prehospital blood product transfusion (PHBT) in blunt adult trauma patients.Study Design and MethodsData of all adult blunt trauma patients from the Helsinki Trauma Registry between March 2016 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis for the identification of predictive factors and multivariate regression analysis for their importance as predictive factors for the initiation of PHBT were applied.ResultsThere were 1652 patients registered in the database. A total of 556 of them were treated by a physician‐level prehospital emergency care unit, of which by transfusion‐capable unit in 394 patients. PHBT (red blood cells and/or plasma) was started in 19.8% of the patients. We identified three statistically highly important clinical triggers for starting PHBT: high crystalloid volume need, shock index ≥0.9, and need for prehospital pleural decompression.DiscussionPHBT in blunt adult trauma patients is initiated in ~20% of the patients in Southern Finland. High crystalloid volume need, shock index ≥0.9 and prehospital pleural decompression are associated with the initiation of PHBT, probably reflecting patients at high risk for bleeding.
Image‐based non‐invasive assessment of suction blister wounds for clinical safety and efficacy
Authors: Wallblom Karl , Lundgren Sigrid , Saleh Karim , Schmidtchen Artur , Puthia Manoj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecognising the need for objective imaging‐based technologies to assess wound healing in clinical studies, the suction blister wound model offers an easily accessible wound model that creates reproducible epidermal wounds that heal without scarring. This study provides a comprehensive methodology for implementing and evaluating photography‐based imaging techniques utilising the suction blister wound model. Our method encompasses a protocol for capturing consistent, high‐quality photographs and procedures for quantifying these images via a visual wound healing score and a computer‐assisted colour analysis of wound exudation and wound redness. We employed this methodology on 16 suction blister wounds used as controls in a clinical phase‐1 trial. Our method enabled us to discern and quantify subtle differences between individual wounds concerning healing progress, erythema and wound exudation. The wound healing score exhibited a high inter‐rater agreement. There was a robust correlation between the spectrophotometer‐measured erythema index and photography‐based wound redness, as well as between dressing protein content and photography‐based dressing yellowness. In conclusion, this study equips researchers conducting clinical wound studies with reproducible methods that may support future wound research and aid in the development of new treatments.
Estimation of Injury Limits at Vulnerable Impact Locations Along the Forearm Via THUMS AM50 Finite Element Model at Airbag Loading Rates
Authors: Brewer Carson , Shakib Aryen , de Lange Julia E. , Quenneville Cheryl E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Side and frontal airbag deployment represents the main injury mechanism to the upper extremity during automotive collisions. Previous dynamic injury limit research has been limited to testing the forearm at either the assumed most vulnerable location to fracture, the distal 1/3rd, or the midpoint. Studies have varied the surface to which impacts were applied, with no clear consensus on the site of greatest vulnerability. The unpredictability of airbag impact location, especially with altered hand positioning, limits the effectiveness of existing forearm injury limits determined from impacts at only one location. The current study quantified the effect of impacts at alternative locations on injury risk along the forearm using the THUMS FE model. Airbag-level impacts were simulated along the forearm on all four anatomical surfaces. Results showed the distal 1/3rd is not the most vulnerable location (for any side), indicating forearm fracture is not solely driven by area moment of inertia (as previously assumed). The posterior forearm was the weakest, suggesting that current test standards underestimate the fracture risk of the forearm. Linear regression models showed strong correlation between forearm fracture risk and bone geometry (cross-sectional area and area moment of inertia) as well as soft-tissue depth, potentially providing the ability to predict forearm injury tolerances for any location or forearm size. This study demonstrated the forearm's vulnerability to fracture from airbag deployments, indicating the need for safety systems to better address injury mechanisms for the upper limb to effectively protect drivers.
Modeling Heartland virus disease in mice and therapeutic intervention with 4′-fluorouridine
Authors: Westover Jonna B. , Jung Kie Hoon , Alkan Cigdem , Boardman Kirsten M. , Van Wettere Arnaud J. , Martens Craig , Rojas Inioska , Hicks Philip , Thomas Aaron J. , Saindane Manohar T. , Bluemling Gregory R. , Mao Shuli , Kolykhalov Alexander A. , Natchus Michael G. , Bates Paul , Painter George R. , Ikegami Tetsuro , Gowen Brian B. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Heartland virus (HRTV) is an emerging tick-borne bandavirus that causes a febrile illness of varying severity in humans, with cases reported in eastern and midwestern regions of the United States. No vaccines or approved therapies are available to prevent or treat HRTV disease. Here, we describe the genetic changes, natural history of disease, and pathogenesis of a mouse-adapted HRTV (MA-HRTV) that is uniformly lethal in 7- to 8-week-old AG129 mice at low challenge doses. We used this model to assess the efficacy of the ribonucleoside analog, 4′-fluorouridine (EIDD-2749), and showed that once-daily oral treatment with 3 mg/kg of drug, initiated after the onset of disease, protects mice against lethal MA-HRTV challenge and reduces viral loads in blood and tissues. Our findings provide insights into HRTV virulence and pathogenesis and support further development of EIDD-2749 as a therapeutic intervention for HRTV disease.

IMPORTANCE
More than 60 cases of HRTV disease spanning 14 states have been reported to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The expanding range of the Lone Star tick that transmits HRTV, the growing population of at-risk persons living in geographic areas where the tick is abundant, and the lack of antiviral treatments or vaccines raise significant public health concerns. Here, we report the development of a new small-animal model of lethal HRTV disease to gain insight into HRTV pathogenesis and the application of this model for the preclinical development of a promising new antiviral drug candidate, EIDD-2749. Our findings shed light on how the virus causes disease and support the continued development of EIDD-2749 as a therapeutic for severe cases of HRTV infection.
The complete genomic sequencing of a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolated from a patient suffering from urinary tract infection
Authors: Di Lingfang , Gu Chunyan , Salman Sayyed , Li Yafei 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The present study examines the genomic sequence of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain ACESH02121hy, which possesses a genome size of 5,281,767 bp. The strain was obtained from a patient’s urine sample presenting symptoms associated with urinary tract infection.
Isolation and pathogenicity comparison of two novel natural recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses with different recombination patterns in Southwest China
Authors: Huang Bingzhou , Deng Lishuang , Xu Tong , Jian Zhijie , Lai Siyuan , Ai Yanru , Xu Zhiwen , Zhu Ling 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. Frequent mutations and recombinations account for PRRSV immune evasion and the emergence of novel strains. In this study, we isolated and characterized two novel PRRSV-2 strains from Southwest China exhibiting distinct recombination patterns. They were designated SCABTC-202305 and SCABTC-202309. Phylogenetic results indicated that SCABTC-202305 was classified as lineage 8, and SCABTC-202309 was classified as lineage 1.8. Amino acid mutation analysis identified unique amino acid substitutions and deletions in ORF5 and Nsp2 genes. The results of the recombination analysis revealed that SCABTC-202305 is a recombinant with JXA1 as the major parental strain and NADC30 as the minor parental strain. At the same time, SCABTC-202309 is identified as a recombinant with NADC30 as the major parental strain and JXA1 as the minor parental strain. In this study, we infected piglets with SCABTC-202305, SCABTC-202309, or mock inoculum (control) to study the pathogenicity of these isolates. Although both isolated strains were pathogenic, SCABTC-202305-infected piglets exhibited more severe clinical signs and higher mortality, viral load, and antibody response than SCABTC-202309-infected piglets. SCABTC-202305 also caused more extensive lung lesions based on histopathology. Our findings suggest that the divergent pathogenicity observed between the two novel PRRSV isolates may be attributed to variations in the genetic information encoded by specific genomic regions. Elucidating the genetic determinants governing PRRSV virulence and transmissibility will inform efforts to control this devastating swine pathogen.

IMPORTANCE
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most critical pathogens impacting the global swine industry. Frequent mutations and recombinations have made the control of PRRSV increasingly difficult. Following the NADC30-like PRRSV pandemic, recombination events involving PRRSV strains have further increased. We isolated two novel field PRRSV recombinant strains, SCABTC-202305 and SCABTC-202309, exhibiting different recombination patterns and compared their pathogenicity in animal experiments. The isolates caused higher viral loads, persistent fever, marked weight loss, moderate respiratory clinical signs, and severe histopathologic lung lesions in piglets. Elucidating correlations between recombinant regions and pathogenicity in these isolates can inform epidemiologic tracking of emerging strains and investigations into viral adaptive mechanisms underlying PRRSV immunity evasion. Our findings underscore the importance of continued genomic surveillance to curb this economically damaging pathogen.
Investigation of divergent thinking among surgeons and surgeon trainees in Canada (IDEAS): a mixed-methods study
Authors: Thabane Alex , McKechnie Tyler , Arora Vikram , Calic Goran , Busse Jason W , Sonnadara Ranil , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the creative potential of surgeons and surgeon trainees, as measured by divergent thinking. The secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with divergent thinking, assess confidence in creative problem-solving and the perceived effect of surgical training on creative potential, and explore the value of creativity in surgery.DesignWe used a mixed-methods design, conducting a survey of divergent thinking ability using a validated questionnaire followed by two semi-structured interviews with top-scoring participants.Participants & settingSurgeons and surgeon trainees in the Department of Surgery at McMaster University.OutcomesThe primary outcome was divergent thinking, assessed with the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults. Participants also self-assessed their confidence in creative problem-solving and the effect of surgical training on their creative potential. We performed descriptive analyses and multivariable linear regression to identify factors associated with divergent thinking. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interview responses.Results82 surgeons and surgeon trainees were surveyed; 43 were junior trainees and 28 were senior trainees. General surgery, orthopaedic surgery and plastic surgery represented 71.9% of the participants. The median participant age was 28 years (range 24–73), 51.2% of whom were female. Participants demonstrated levels of divergent thinking that were higher but not meaningfully different from the adult norm (62.39 (95% CI 61.25, 63.53), p<0.001). While participants scored significantly higher than the average adult on fluency (the ability to produce quantities of ideas) and flexibility (the ability to process information in different ways) (p<0.001 for both), they scored below average on originality (the ability to produce uncommon, new or unique ideas) (p<0.001). Regression analysis identified higher divergent thinking scores among females (estimated β=−3.58 (95% CI −6.25 to –0.90), p=0.010).ConclusionsThe divergent thinking ability among surgeons and surgeon trainees was not meaningfully different from the adult normative score; however, their ability to generate original ideas was below average.
Portable cerebral blood flow monitor to detect large vessel occlusion in patients with suspected stroke
Authors: Favilla Christopher G , Baird Grayson L , Grama Kedar , Konecky Soren , Carter Sarah , Smith Wendy , Gitlevich Rebecca , Lebron-Cruz Alexa , Yodh Arjun G , McTaggart Ryan A 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundEarly detection of large vessel occlusion (LVO) facilitates triage to an appropriate stroke center to reduce treatment times and improve outcomes. Prehospital stroke scales are not sufficiently sensitive, so we investigated the ability of the portable Openwater optical blood flow monitor to detect LVO.MethodsPatients were prospectively enrolled at two comprehensive stroke centers during stroke alert evaluation within 24 hours of onset with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥2. A 70 s bedside optical blood flow scan generated cerebral blood flow waveforms based on relative changes in speckle contrast. Anterior circulation LVO was determined by CT angiography. A deep learning model trained on all patient data using fivefold cross-validation and learned discriminative representations from the raw speckle contrast waveform data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis compared the Openwater diagnostic performance (ie, LVO detection) with prehospital stroke scales.ResultsAmong 135 patients, 52 (39%) had an anterior circulation LVO. The median NIHSS score was 8 (IQR 4–14). The Openwater instrument had 79% sensitivity and 84% specificity for the detection of LVO. The rapid arterial occlusion evaluation (RACE) scale had 60% sensitivity and 81% specificity and the Los Angeles motor scale (LAMS) had 50% sensitivity and 81% specificity. The binary Openwater classification (high-likelihood vs low-likelihood) had an area under the ROC (AUROC) of 0.82 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.88), which outperformed RACE (AUC 0.70; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.78; P=0.04) and LAMS (AUC 0.65; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.73; P=0.002).ConclusionsThe Openwater optical blood flow monitor outperformed prehospital stroke scales for the detection of LVO in patients undergoing acute stroke evaluation in the emergency department. These encouraging findings need to be validated in an independent test set and the prehospital environment.
Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in functional neurological disorder: influence of psychiatric comorbidities and biological sex
Authors: Joseph Anna , Baslet Gaston , O’Neal Mary A , Polich Ginger , Gonsalvez Irene , Christoforou Andrea N , Dworetzky Barbara A , Spagnolo Primavera A 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and disabling neuropsychiatric condition, which disproportionally affects women compared with men. While the etiopathogenesis of this disorder remains elusive, immune dysregulation is emerging as one potential mechanism. To begin to understand the role of immune dysfunctions in FND, we assessed the prevalence of several common autoimmune diseases (ADs) in a large cohort of patients with FND and examined the influence of psychiatric comorbidities and biological sex.MethodsUsing a large biorepository database (Mass General Brigham Biobank), we obtained demographic and clinical data of a cohort of 643 patients diagnosed with FND between January 2015 and December 2021. The proportion of ADs was calculated overall, by sex and by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities.ResultsThe overall prevalence of ADs in our sample was 41.9%, with connective tissue and autoimmune endocrine diseases being the most commonly observed ADs. Among patients with FND and ADs, 27.7% had ≥2 ADs and 8% met criteria for multiple autoimmune syndrome. Rates of ADs were significantly higher in subjects with comorbid major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (p= 0.02). Women represented the largest proportion of patients with concurrent ADs, both in the overall sample and in the subgroups of interest (p’s < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study is unique in providing evidence of an association between FND and ADs. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this association and to understand whether FND is characterised by distinct dysregulations in immune response.
The effect of physical therapy with goal attainment scaling on gait function in patients with subacute stroke
Authors: Hong Jung-Min , KIM Min-Hee 
Published: March 2024

Background: Correct goal setting for patients is one of the most important aspects of physical therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical therapy using goal attainment scaling (GAS) scores to assess the gait function in patients with subacute stroke and related factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the medical records of 129 patients with subacute stroke who had been treated with intensive rehabilitation intervention. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Bundang Cha Hospital (2021-06-008). The functional ambulation category (FAC) was used to set goals with the involvement of patients and their caregivers after the initial assessment, and raw GAS scores were calculated according to whether the goals were achieved through assessment one month later based on the FAC score. The groups were then divided according to the raw GAS scores (−1, 0, 1, or 2), and the general characteristics and clinical assessment scores were statistically analysed. Results: From our results, there were differences in clinical assessment scores based on raw scores on the GAS ([Formula: see text]) and correlation between raw scores on the GAS and improvement scores on the clinical assessment items ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, when the gait function measured by FAC was used as a GAS in subacute stroke patients, the better the function of Rivermead mobility index ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and Korean-mini-mental state examination ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) than the other clinical factors, the higher the goal attainment raw score. Conclusion: Functions, including cognitive function, should be included when setting goals to improve the gait function and should be considered when developing the neurological physiotherapy programmes. This study helps physicians and physical therapists who first apply functional gait assessment as a GAS to set the initial goals and improves patient and caregiver motivations by applying GAS to patients with lower initial cognitive levels.
Privacy-preserving Cross-domain Recommendation with Federated Graph Learning
Authors: Tian Changxin , Xie Yuexiang , Chen Xu , Li Yaliang , Zhao Xin 
Published: March 2024

As people inevitably interact with items across multiple domains or various platforms, cross-domain recommendation (CDR) has gained increasing attention. However, the rising privacy concerns limit the practical applications of existing CDR models, since they assume that full or partial data are accessible among different domains. Recent studies on privacy-aware CDR models neglect the heterogeneity from multiple-domain data and fail to achieve consistent improvements in cross-domain recommendation; thus, it remains a challenging task to conduct effective CDR in a privacy-preserving way.In this article, we propose a novel, as far as we know, federated graph learning approach for Privacy-Preserving Cross-Domain Recommendation (PPCDR) to capture users’ preferences based on distributed multi-domain data and improve recommendation performance for all domains without privacy leakage. The main idea of PPCDR is to model both global preference among multiple domains and local preference at a specific domain for a given user, which characterizes the user’s shared and domain-specific tastes toward the items for interaction. Specifically, in the private update process of PPCDR, we design a graph transfer module for each domain to fuse global and local user preferences and update them based on local domain data. In the federated update process, through applying the local differential privacy technique for privacy-preserving, we collaboratively learn global user preferences based on multi-domain data and adapt these global preferences to heterogeneous domain data via personalized aggregation. In this way, PPCDR can effectively approximate the multi-domain training process that directly shares local interaction data in a privacy-preserving way. Extensive experiments on three CDR datasets demonstrate that PPCDR consistently outperforms competitive single- and cross-domain baselines and effectively protects domain privacy.