bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing pain during office biopsy of the prostate
Authors: Ashley Richard A. , Inman Brant A. , Routh Jonathan C. , Krambeck Amy E. , Siddiqui Sameer A. , Mynderse Lance A. , Gettman Matthew T. , Blute Michael L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.A prospective, double‐blind, 3‐arm, parallel group, randomized clinical trial was performed to compare 3 anesthetic techniques for preventing pain during prostate biopsy.METHODS.A total of 243 men undergoing a 12‐core prostate biopsy were randomized to 1 of 3 anesthetic methods: 1) seminal vesical‐prostatic base blockade, 2) intraprostatic blockade, and 3) apical‐rectal blockade. Pain was estimated with the 10‐point visual analog scale. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated factors predictive of pain. The Kruskal‐Wallis test analyzed overall group comparisons and the Steel‐Dwass test assessed between‐group comparisons in pain scores. Proportional odds ordinal logistic regression quantified the ability of covariates and treatment arms to predict biopsy pain. These values are presented as odds ratios with confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI).RESULTS.From November 2005 to June 2006, 81 men were randomized to 3 study arms. Lidocaine administration was the most painful element of the procedure, while probe insertion was the least. Apical biopsies were routinely more painful than mid‐gland biopsies, which were more painful than base biopsies. The apical‐rectal blockade was the most painful to administer, but has lasting effects and led to better pain control than the prostatic base‐seminal vesicle blockade. Similarly, the intraprostatic blockade was more effective than the prostatic base‐seminal vesicle blockade. Besides pain reported at the time of anesthetic injection, no difference was identified between the intraprostatic and apical‐rectal blockades.CONCLUSIONS.Mid and apical biopsies of the prostate are more painful than base biopsies. The seminal vesicle‐prostatic base blockade is less effective than intraprostatic and apical‐rectal blockade at controlling pain. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Impact of remission induction chemotherapy on survival in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Baz Rachid , Rodriguez Cristina , Fu Alex Z. , Jawde Rony Abou , Kalaycio Matt , Advani Anjali , Sobecks Ronald , Sekeres Mikkael A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Significant controversy surrounds the use of remission induction chemotherapy (IC) in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Earlier clinical trials have yielded conflicting results and possibly a minor survival benefit, often offset by a longer hospitalization time.METHODS.To evaluate the role of IC in patients with AML, a case control study of patients 60 years or older treated at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center between 1997 and 2005 was conducted. Forty‐four patients who did not receive IC were matched by a propensity analysis to 138 patients who received an anthracycline‐based regimen.RESULTS.The unadjusted median survival of patients who did not receive IC was 53 days, compared with 197 days (P < .001) for those who did. After further adjusting for age, gender, race, leukocyte count at presentation, AML cytogenetics, history of prior hematologic disorder, and assessing for comorbidities, not receiving IC was still associated with worse survival (hazards ratio of 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–3.05 [P = .01]). Additional predictors of poor outcomes in older adults with AML included higher leukocyte count at presentation, poor‐risk cytogenetics, and African‐American race (compared with Caucasians).CONCLUSIONS.The study suggests improved outcomes in older adults with AML who undergo remission induction therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of synaptophysin in stage I of squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: González‐Aragoneses Federico , Moreno‐Mata Nicolás , Cebollero‐Presmanes María , García‐Yuste Mariano , Cañizares‐Carretero Miguel Ángel , Molins‐López‐Rodó Laureano , Quevedo‐Losada Santiago , Torres‐Lanzas Juan , Álvarez‐Fernández Emilio ,   and the Spanish Multicenter Study of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Lung of the Spanish Society of Pneumonology, ThoracicSurgery (EMETNE‐SEPAR)
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The prognostic significance of the presence of a neuroendocrine marker (synaptophysin, SY) was analyzed in stage I of squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.METHODS.A multicentric retrospective study was conducted with immunohistochemical staining in a single center of 318 patients resected for squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma in pathologic stage I.RESULTS.In all, 162 cases of squamous carcinoma and 156 cases of adenocarcinoma were identified, which included 105 patients in stage IA (50 patients with squamous carcinoma and 55 patients with adenocarcinoma) and 213 in stage IB (112 with squamous carcinoma and 101 with adenocarcinoma). Eighty‐six tumors showed a presence of SY+ (27%). Univariate analysis showed lower survival rates at 5 years for those patients older than 70 years of age compared with those patients younger than 70 years of age (60.35% vs 70.57%; P = .007) and for those patients with SY+ compared with those with SY− (52.48% vs 72.68%; P = .0017). Patients with SY+ tumors showed a higher rate of recurrence than patients with SY− tumors (50% vs 33.6%; P = .008). Multivariate analysis showed that those patients greater that 70 years of age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–2.65) and the presence of SY (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.40–3.30) were significant independent prognostic factors associated with a poor outcome.CONCLUSIONS.Stage I of squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung with SY+ has a poor prognosis, with a higher frequency of recurrence and lower survival rates. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Quality of integrated care for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Ouwens Mariëlle M. M. T. J. , Hermens Rosella R. P. M. G. , Termeer René A. R. , Vonk‐Okhuijsen Saskia Y. , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , Verhagen Ad F. T. M. , Hulscher Marlies M. E. J. L. , Marres Henri A. M. , Wollersheim Hub C. H. , Grol Richard P. T. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.In the current study, the authors focused on determinants influencing the quality of care and variations in the actual quality of integrated care for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to estimate whether there is room for improvement.METHODS.The authors tested the quality of integrated care for 276 NSCLC patients with 14 quality indicators of professional (4 indicators), organizational (3 indicators), and patient‐oriented quality (7 indicators). Patient characteristics and actual care data were derived from medical record data, patient‐oriented care was derived from patient questionnaires, and professional and hospital characteristics were derived from questionnaires for professionals. The performance measure was the proportion of patients to whom the indicator applied who had positive scores on the indicator. Multilevel logistic regression analysis determined the influence of patient, professional, and hospital characteristics on care.RESULTS.With regard to professional quality, the proportions of patients who underwent fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography or cervical mediastinoscopy according to the guideline criteria were 88% and 84%, respectively. Only 50% of the biopsies were adequately obtained during mediastinoscopy, and in 3% of the patients with clinical stage III disease (based on the TNM classification) there was a search for brain metastases before the initiation of combination therapy. With regard to organizational quality, the diagnostic route of 79% of the patients was completed within 21 days; 51% of patients began therapy within 35 days and 57% were discussed during multidisciplinary consultation. All but 1 patient‐oriented quality indicator scored ≤58%. Hospitals varied by ≥20% with regard to 11 of the 14 indicators. The patient‐related determinants “stage of disease,” “age,” and “comorbidity” were found to influence the indicator scores the most.CONCLUSIONS.The quality of integrated care (especially patient‐oriented care) for NSCLC patients needs improvement. Patient characteristics appear to influence performance more than professional or hospital characteristics. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Spinal metastases from myxoid liposarcoma warrant screening with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schwab Joseph H. , Boland Patrick J. , Antonescu Cristina , Bilsky Mark H. , Healey John H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) has an unusual tendency for extrapulmonary metastasis, particularly to the spine and soft tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of spinal metastasis, treatment outcomes, and optimal screening method for spinal metastasis in patients with MLS.METHODS.Data from patients with had spinal metastases were obtained from the authors' institutional soft tissue sarcoma database. The accuracy with which positron emission tomography (PET) scans and bone scans identified metastatic lesions was compared with the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical response to treatment was based on pain, neurologic scores, and survivorship analysis.RESULTS.There were 33 patients who developed spinal metastasis after a median 36 months of follow‐up (range, from 7.5 months to 33 years). Known spinal metastases were detected by bone scans in 16% of patients and by PET scans in 14% of patients. Patients who underwent surgery had high‐grade spinal cord compression more often than patients who did not undergo surgery (72% vs 19%, respectively; P = .002). Pain and neurologic function were improved or maintained in all patients who received radiation alone (n = 8 patients) and in all but 1 patient who underwent surgery (n = 18 patients). The median overall survival was 51.4 months from the time of primary diagnosis and 21.9 months from the time of first metastasis.CONCLUSIONS.Bone scans and PET scan lack sufficient sensitivity to detect spinal metastasis from MLS. Treatment of metastasis is palliative, but local treatment can yield long‐term disease control in select patients. Screening with whole‐spine MRI may lead to the earlier detection of spinal metastasis. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Intelligent Control of Surface Hydrophobicity
Authors: Gras Sally L. , Mahmud Tanveer , Rosengarten Gary , Mitchell Arnan , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSwitchable surfaces are highly useful materials with surface properties that change in response to external stimuli. These surfaces can be employed in both research and industrial applications, where the ability to actively control surface properties can be used to develop smart materials and intelligent surfaces. Herein, we review a range of surfaces in which hydrophobicity can be controlled. We present the principal ideas of surface switching, discuss recent developments, explore experimental issues and examine factors that influence surface switching, including the nature of the stimuli, the underlying material, the morphology of the surface and the surrounding environment. We have categorised switchable surfaces according to the stimuli that trigger changes in surface hydrophobicity. These are electrically, electrochemically, thermally, mechanically, photo‐ and environmentally inducible surfaces. In addition, we review the use of chemical reactions to modify the properties of switchable surfaces and produce changes in the molecular structure and nanoscale features of the surface.
Label‐Free Electrical Determination of Trypsin Activity by a Silicon‐on‐Insulator Based Thin Film Resistor
Authors: Neff Petra A. , Serr Andreas , Wunderlich Bernhard K. , Bausch Andreas R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) based thin film resistor is employed for the label‐free determination of enzymatic activity. We demonstrate that enzymes, which cleave biological polyelectrolyte substrates, can be detected by the sensor. As an application, we consider the serine endopeptidase trypsin, which cleaves poly‐L‐lysine (PLL). We show that PLL adsorbs quasi‐irreversibly to the sensor and is digested by trypsin directly at the sensor surface. The created PLL fragments are released into the bulk solution due to kinetic reasons. This results in a measurable change of the surface potential allowing for the determination of trypsin concentrations down to 50 ng mL−1. Chymotrypsin is a similar endopeptidase with a different specificity, which cleaves PLL with a lower efficiency as compared to trypsin. The activity of trypsin is analyzed quantitatively employing a kinetic model for enzyme‐catalyzed surface reactions. Moreover, we have demonstrated the specific inactivation of trypsin by a serine protease inhibitor, which covalently binds to the active site of the enzyme.
Staying alive – naïve CD4+ T cell homeostasis
Authors: Purton Jared F. , Sprent Jonathan , Surh Charles D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe immune system must maintain a broad repertoire of naïve T cells in order to respond to the diverse range of pathogens that it will encounter over the course of a lifetime. Although it is known that contact with IL‐7 is crucial for the survival of naïve T cells, the precise intracellular signals that mediate its effects remain obscure. An article in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology has found that IL‐7 requires the coordinated action of multiple pathways to maintain naïve CD4+ T cells.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737234
Cover Picture: Redefining epithelial progenitor potential in the developing thymus – Eur. J. Immunol. 9/2007
Authors: Rossi Simona W. , Chidgey Ann P. , Parnell Sonia M. , Jenkinson William E. , Scott Hamish S. , Boyd Richard L. , Jenkinson Eric J. , Anderson Graham 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe immunohistochemical analysis of a frozen section of a thymus graft is taken from the article by Rossi et al. (pp. 2411–2418). The image shows cytokeratin expression in green and Aire expression (medullary epithelial cells) in red. The graft shown is generated from the EpCAM1+Mts24+ thymic epithelial subset obtained at embryonic day 16 (BALB/c mice). In their study, Rossi et al. show that, in contrast to previous reports, Mts24 is not a progenitor marker for embryonic epithelial cells capable of creating the required thymic microenvironment for T cell development.
Formation and distribution of oxidized fatty acids during deep‐ and pan‐frying of potatoes
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Nick , Salta Fotini N. , Chiou Antonia , Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe formation of cis‐9,10‐epoxystearate, trans‐9,10‐epoxystearate, cis‐9,10‐epoxyoleate, cis‐12,13‐epoxyoleate, trans‐9,10‐epoxyoleate, trans‐12,13‐epoxyoleate and the co‐eluting 9‐ and 10‐ketostearates during eight successive pan‐ and deep‐frying sessions of pre‐fried potatoes in five different types of vegetable oils – namely cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, vegetable shortening, palm oil and virgin olive oil – was followed and quantified both in fried oils and in fried potatoes by GC/MS after derivatization to methyl esters. These oxidized fatty acids were present at relatively low concentrations in the fresh oils and pre‐fried potatoes while they increased linearly with frying time, reaching up to 1140.8 µg/g in virgin olive oil (VOO) and 186.9 µg/g in potatoes pan‐fried in VOO after eight pan‐frying sessions, with trans‐9,10‐epoxystearate predominating in all cases. The formation of polymerized triacylglycerols (PTG) was also quantified in frying oils by size exclusion HPLC. Pan‐frying caused higher oxidized fatty acid and PTG formation compared to deep‐frying. Epoxyoleates and PTG concentrations were increased after frying in polyunsaturated oils, while epoxystearate and 9‐ and 10‐ketostearate concentrations were increased after frying in monounsaturated oils. No specific absorption of the oxidized fatty acids by the fried potatoes seems to occur. The dietary intake of oxidized fatty acids and PTG by the consumption of fried potatoes was discussed.
Relevance of interactions between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in biliary and intestinal tract
Authors: van Erpecum Karel J. , Petruzzelli Michele , Groen Albert K. , Moschetta Antonio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPhosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are the major phospholipids of the hepatocytic canalicular membrane outer leaflet. Sphingomyelin may preferentially reside with cholesterol in liquid‐ordered domains. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine is the exclusive phospholipid secreted in rat bile (enriched in hydrophilic species compared to the canalicular membrane), subsequently incorporated into bile salt‐cholesterol micelles. We determined the bile lipid composition in 95 vertebrate species (Moschetta et al., J Lipid Res. 2005, 46, 2221–2232). Phospholipid was often virtually absent in bile of cartilaginous fish and reptiles, occurred in low relative amounts (compared to bile salts) in bony fish or birds and in high relative amounts in most mammals. Biles with low relative amounts of phospholipid often contained high proportions of sphingomyelin. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant phospholipid in biles with high phospholipid contents. We then compared, in CaCo2 cells (without appreciable phospholipase A2 activity), the effects of incorporating sphingomyelin, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine or lyso‐phosphatidylcholine in apical bile salt‐cholesterol micelles. Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and (more pronounced) sphingomyelin inhibited cholesterol absorption with decreased ABC‐A1 and ‐G1 expression. Lyso‐phosphatidylcholine enhanced cholesterol absorption with increased basolateral HDL‐dependent cholesterol efflux and high expression of ABC‐A1 and ‐G1. In conclusion, sphingomyelin plays a pivotal role in protecting hepatocytes against detergent bile salts. Dietary sphingomyelin may inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption.
Factors affecting droplet size of sodium caseinate‐stabilized O/W emulsions containing β‐carotene
Authors: Kanafusa Sumiyo , Chu Boon‐Seang , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis work was initiated to prepare an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion containing β‐carotene by microfluidization. The β‐carotene was dissolved in triolein and microfluidized with an aqueous phase containing sodium caseinate (SC) as the emulsifier. Microfluization at 140 MPa resulted in O/W emulsions with a mean droplet diameter of ca. 120 nm, which was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The influences of SC concentration and microfluidization parameters on the droplet size of the emulsions were studied. The results showed that the mean droplet diameter decreased significantly (p <0.05) from 310 to 93 nm with the increase in SC concentration from 0.1 to 2 wt‐%. However, a further increase in SC concentration did not much change the droplet diameter, although the polydispersity of the emulsions was slightly improved. The droplet diameter of the emulsions was found to decrease from 200 to 120 nm with increasing microfluidization pressure, with narrower droplet size distribution. The storage study showed that the emulsions were physically stable for about 2 weeks at 4 °C in the dark. The results provide a better understanding of the performance of SC in stabilizing the O/W emulsions.
Influence of microemulsion chirality on chromatographic figures of merit in EKC: Results with novel three‐chiral‐component microemulsions and comparison with one‐ and two‐chiral‐component microemulsions
Authors: Kahle Kimberly A. , Foley Joe P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNovel microemulsion formulations containing all chiral components are described for the enantioseparation of six pairs of pharmaceutical enantiomers (atenolol, ephedrine, metoprolol, N‐methyl ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and synephrine). The chiral surfactant dodecoxycarbonylvaline (DDCV, R‐ and S‐), the chiral cosurfactant S‐2‐hexanol, and the chiral oil diethyl tartrate (R‐ and S‐) were combined to create four different chiral microemulsions, three of which were stable. Results obtained for enantioselectivity, efficiency, and resolution were compared for the triple‐chirality systems and the single‐chirality system that contained chiral surfactant only. Improvements in enantioselectivity and resolution were achieved by simultaneously incorporating three chiral components into the aggregate. The one‐chiral‐component microemulsion provided better efficiencies. Enantioselective synergies were identified for the three‐chiral‐component nanodroplets using a thermodynamic model. Additionally, two types of dual‐chirality systems, chiral surfactant/chiral cosurfactant and chiral surfactant/chiral oil, were examined in terms of chromatographic figures of merit, with the former providing much better resolution. The two varieties of two‐chiral‐component microemulsions gave similar values for enantioselectivity and efficiency. Lastly, the microemulsion formulations were divided into categories based on the number of chiral microemulsion reagents and the average results for each pair of enantiomers were analyzed for trends. In general, enantioselectivity and resolution were enhanced while efficiency was decreased as more chiral components were used to create the pseudostationary phase (PSP).
Single‐run separation of cationic, anionic, and polyanionic compounds by CE‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Mokaddem Meriem , Varenne Anne , Belgaied Jamel‐Eddine , Factor Cécile , Gareil Pierre 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA method for a single‐run separation of cationic, anionic, and polyanionic compounds by CE hyphenated to ESI MS (CE‐ESI‐MS) is described. One of the main issues for coupling CE to MS with an ESI source consists in maintaining an electric contact for the electrophoretic separation. This condition is only performed if a liquid flow arising from the separation capillary is directed to the needle, making it coupling‐compatible. This latter situation is incompatible with the separations of polyanionic compounds of higher electrophoretic mobility (in absolute value) than the electroosmotic mobility, performed in bare fused‐silica capillaries under a negative polarity. In this study, several alternative approaches were evaluated to circumvent this difficulty, and applied to the setup of the CE‐MS separation of a mixture containing both cationic and polyanionic compounds, which are synthesis intermediates of contrast agents for medical imaging. Eventually, the detection of the cationic and anionic compounds in a single run could be obtained by either using neutrally coated polymethylsiloxane (DB‐1) capillaries and simultaneously applying a negative voltage polarity and a pressure allowing to compensate for the residual cathodic EOF or by dynamically modifying the inner wall of a bare fused‐silica capillary with a polycationic polymer (hexadimethrine bromide) and using it afterwards under negative voltage polarity.