bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and hematologic effects of experimental infection of dogs with recently identified Babesia gibsoni-like isolates from Oklahoma
Authors: Meinkoth James H. , Kocan A. Alan , Loud Stephanie D. , Lorenz Michael D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize clinical and hematologic responses in dogs following experimental inoculation withBabesia gibsoni-like isolates from infected dogs in Oklahoma.Design—Prospective study.Animals—6 mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—2 dogs were inoculated with organisms from a naturally infected dog, and 3 were inoculated with organisms from a second naturally infected dog (1 of these 3 dogs was splenectomized 1 week prior to inoculation). One dog was not inoculated. Complete blood counts were performed weekly.Results—In the 5 dogs inoculated with organisms, parasites were initially detected 1 to 5 weeks after inoculation, and severity of parasitemia peaked with 1.9 to 6.0% of RBC infected by 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. Parasitemia was easily detectable (> 0.1% of RBC infected) for 3 to 4 weeks. Clinical abnormalities included lethargy, fever, and pale mucous membranes but were mild to nearly inapparent in 2 dogs. All dogs developed regenerative anemia and marked thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia developed before and lasted longer than the parasitemia. Profound but transient neutropenia was detected in some dogs. The splenectomized dog developed more severe parasitemia and anemia and more pronounced clinical abnormalities. Three dogs with intact spleens recovered without treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that 2 or more genotypically distinct, but morphologically identical, smallBabesiaparasites can infect dogs in the United States. Compared with infection with small Babesiaparasitesfrom California, infection with these isolates resulted in less severe parasitemia and clinical abnormalities. Parasitemia was transient, indicating that identification of organisms in blood smears may be difficult in some dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:185–189)
Babesia gibsoni infection among dogs in the southeastern United States
Authors: Macintire Douglass K. , Boudreaux Mary K. , West Gretchen D. , Bourne Candace , Wright James C. , Conrad Patricia A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify subclinicalBabesia gibsoniinfection in American Pit Bull Terriers from the southeastern United States and to determine the genetic sequence of parasite DNA isolated from these dogs.Design—Case series.Animals—33 American Pit Bull Terriers and 87 dogs of various other breeds.Procedure—Blood smears were examined for microscopic evidence of the parasite, and DNA was extracted from blood samples and used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to amplify the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence ofB gibsoni. Amplification products of the expected size were sequenced, and sequences were compared with published sequences forB gibsoniisolates. Hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, WBC count, and eosinophil count were compared between dogs with positive PCR assay results and dogs with negative results.Results—Results of the PCR assay were positive for 18 of the 33 (55%) American Pit Bull Terriers, including all 10 dogs with microscopic evidence of parasitemia. Only 1 of these dogs was clinically ill at the time blood samples were collected. Results of microscopic evaluation of blood smears and of the PCR assay were negative for the 87 other dogs. Hematocrit and platelet count were significantly lower in dogs with positive PCR assay results than in dogs with negative results.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that American Pit Bull Terriers in the southeastern United States may be subclinically infected withB gibsoni. However, subclinical infection was not identified in dogs of other breeds from the same geographic area. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220: 325–329)
Population-based study of fecal shedding of Clostridium perfringens in broodmares and foals
Authors: Tillotson Kirsten , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Dickinson Charles E. , Ellis Robert P. , Morley Paul S. , Hyatt Doreene R. , Magnuson Roberta J. , Riddle W. Thomas , Bolte Denise , Salman M. D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the percentage of broodmares and foals that shedClostridium perfringensin their feces and classify the genotypes of those isolates.Design—Prospective cross-sectional study.Animals—128 broodmares and their foals on 6 equine premises.Procedures—Anaerobic and aerobic bacteriologic cultures were performed on feces collected 3 times from broodmares and foals. All isolates ofC perfringenswere genotyped.Results—Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from the feces of 90% of 3-day-old foals and 64% of foals at 8 to 12 hours of age. A lower percentage of broodmares and 1- to 2-month-old foals shedC perfringensin their feces, compared with neonatal foals. Among samples with positive results,C perfringenstype A was the most common genotype identified (85%);C perfringenstype A with the β2 toxin gene was identified in 12% of samples,C perfringenstype A with the enterotoxin gene was identified in 2.1% of samples, andC perfringenstype C was identified in < 1% of samples.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clostridium perfringenswas identified from the feces of all but 6 foals by 3 days of age and is likely part of the normal microflora of neonatal foals. Most isolates from broodmares and foals areC perfringenstype A; thus, the clinical relevance of culture results alone is questionable.Clostridium perfringenstype C, which has been associated with neonatal enterocolitis, is rarely found in the feces of horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:342–348)
Prevalence of Salmonella spp in selected birds captured on California dairies
Authors: Kirk John H. , Holmberg Charles A. , Jeffrey Joan S. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the prevalence of
Salmonella spp in wild birds commonly found on
California dairies.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—7 selected species of birds were captured
on 9 dairies in Kings and Tulare counties, California.

Procedure—Birds were captured (using traps and
nets) and euthanatized, and the entire gastrointestinal
tract was removed. Contents of the gastrointestinal
tract were subjected to culture for Salmonella spp.

Results—892 birds were captured, and Salmonella
spp were isolated from 22 birds. The prevalence by
dairy ranged from 0.7 to 16.7%, whereas the prevalence
by bird species ranged from 1.2 to 3.2%.
Cowbirds and English sparrows had the highest
prevalence of Salmonella organisms. Five serotypes
of Salmonella organisms were isolated, including
Meleagridis, Montevideo, Muenster, Typhimurium,
and an untyped serotype.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis
of our findings, birds that commonly inhabit California
dairies harbor Salmonella organisms. However,
because of the low prevalence of Salmonella organisms
in birds and the Salmonella serotypes isolated,
birds are not important reservoirs of Salmonella
organisms on California dairies. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2002;220:359–362)
Prevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis among dogs in the United States and Canada: 677 cases (1970–1998)
Authors: Ward Michael P. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Guptill Lynn F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether there was a temporal trend in prevalence of leptospirosis among dogs in the United States and Canada and to determine whether age, sex, and breed were risk factors for the disease.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—1,819,792 dogs examined at 22 veterinary teaching hospitals between 1970 and 1998.Procedures—The Veterinary Medical Data Base was searched for records of dogs in which a diagnosis of leptospirosis was made, and hospital prevalence was calculated. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between leptospirosis and age, sex, and breed.Results—677 dogs with leptospirosis were identified. Thus, hospital prevalence was 37 cases/100,000 dogs examined. A significant increase in leptospirosis prevalence between 1983 and 1998 was identified. Male dogs were at significantly greater risk of leptospirosis than were female dogs; dogs between 4 and 6.9 years old and between 7 and 10 years old were at significantly greater risk than dogs < 1 year old; and herding dogs, hounds, working dogs, and mixed-breed dogs were at significantly greater risk than companion dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prevalence of leptospirosis among dogs examined at veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada has increased significantly since 1983. Male dogs of working and herding breeds were at greater risk. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:53–58)
Prevalence of feline leukemia virus infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus in unowned free-roaming cats
Authors: Lee Irene T. , Levy Julie K. , Gorman Shawn P. , Crawford P. Cynda , Slater Margaret R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of FeLV infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in unowned free-roaming cats.Design—Cross-sectional serologic survey.Animals—733 unowned free-roaming cats in Raleigh, NC, and 1,143 unowned free-roaming cats in Gainesville, Fla.Results—In Raleigh, overall prevalence of FeLV infection was 5.3%, and overall seroprevalence for FIV was 2.3%. In Gainesville, overall prevalence of FeLV infection was 3.7%, and overall seroprevalence for FIV was 4.3%. Overall, FeLV prevalence was 4.3%, and seroprevalence for FIV was 3.5%. Prevalence of FeLV infection was not significantly different between males (4.9%) and females (3.8%), although seroprevalence for FIV was significantly higher in male cats (6.3%) than in female cats (1.5%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prevalence of FeLV infection and seroprevalence for FIV in unowned free-roaming cats in Raleigh and Gainesville are similar to prevalence rates reported for owned cats in the United States. Male cats are at increased risk for exposure to FIV, compared with female cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:620–622)
Radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease in geriatric cats: 100 cases (1994–1997)
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Roe Simon C. , Martin Fonda R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in geriatric cats.Design—Retrospective study.Population—100 cats > 12 years of age.Procedure—One investigator reviewed radiographs and for each articulation (or group of articulations) that was visible assigned a grade of severity (0, 1, 2, 3) for DJD. Another investigator reviewed medical records and recorded signalment, environment, previous disease, diseases evident at time of radiography, FeLV vaccination and infection status, feline immunodeficiency virus serologic status, serum creatinine concentration, serum globulin concentration, and any other important findings. Associations between DJD of grade 2 or 3 and variables recorded from the medical record were determined.Results—Radiographic evidence of DJD was evident in 90% of cats. Neurologic disease was associated with lesions in the lumbosacral portion of the vertebral column. Severe lesions were found in 17% of the elbow joints, but an underlying cause was not determined.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Degenerative joint disease was detected radiographically in most geriatric cats and may be an overlooked cause of clinical disease. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility that DJD is associated with neurologic signs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:628–632)
Dysautonomia in dogs: 65 cases (1993–2000)
Authors: Harkin Kenneth R. , Andrews Gordon A. , Nietfeld Jerome C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine signalment, history, clinical findings, results of autonomic function testing and other antemortem diagnostic tests, and pathologic findings in dogs with dysautonomia.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—65 dogs with dysautonomia.Procedure—Case records of 68 dogs with a diagnosis of dysautonomia were reviewed; inclusion criteria included histologic confirmation of dysautonomia or clinical signs and results of pharmacologic testing consistent with dysautonomia.Results—65 dogs fulfilled all criteria for dysautonomia. Dogs from rural environments were overrepresented, and cases of dysautonomia were reported for every month, although the highest number of cases was reported in February and March. Vomiting was the most common clinical sign, followed by diarrhea, signs of anorexia and depression, weight loss, and dysuria. The most common physical examination finding was decreased or absent anal tone, followed by absent pupillary light reflexes and elevated nictitating membrane. Results of pharmacologic te sting were consistent with dysautonomia, although no single test was 100% sensitive. Histologic lesions consistent with dysautonomia were found in the autonomic ganglia, brainstem nuclei, and ventral horns of the spinal cord.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dysautonomia is an endemic disease in Kansas, and a high index of suspicion of the disease can be made by combining clinical signs, physical examination findings, and results of pharmacologic testing. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:633–639)
Serum thyroxine concentrations and pregnancy rates 15 to 16 days after ovulation in broodmares
Authors: Gutierrez Cynthia V. , Riddle W. Thomas , Bramlage Larry R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was associated with pregnancy rates 15 to 16 days after ovulation in mares and to determine whether thyroid hormone supplementation would enhance fertility in mares.Design—Cohort study.Animals—329 clinically normal broodmares.Procedure—Mares were examined 15 to 16 days after ovulation to determine whether they were pregnant; blood samples for determination of serum T4concentration were collected at the same time. Sixty mares were receiving thyroid hormone supplementation prior to the study because of low serum T4concentration (< 16 µg/dl) prior to breeding.Results—Serum T4concentration ranged from 4.5 to 53.9 mg/dl. Forty (12%) mares had low (< 16 µg/dl) concentrations, 283 (86%) had normal concentrations, and 6 (2%) had high (> 45 µg/dl) concentrations. Two hundred thirty-one mares were pregnant 15 to 16 days after ovulation. A significant association between serum T4concentration (low, normal, or high) and pregnancy (yes or no) was not detected, and logistic regression analysis indicated that serum T4concentration was not significantly related to pregnancy. Of the 269 mares not receiving thyroid hormone supplementation, 187 were pregnant, and of the 60 mares receiving thyroid supplementation, 44 were pregnant. There was no significant relationship between thyroid hormone supplementation and pregnancy status.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that serum T4concentration in mares is not significantly associated with pregnancy 15 to 16 days after ovulation. Results also suggest that supplementation of mares that only have low T4concentrations is not indicated or likely to be beneficial. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:64–66)
Effect of lameness on milk yield in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Shearer Jan K. , Webb Daniel W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To examine the relationship between lameness and milk yield in dairy cows.Design—Cohort study.Animals—531 dairy cows.Procedure—Cows affected with lameness were classified into 1 of 3 groups on the basis of type of diseases or lesions observed, including interdigital phlegmon (foot rot), papillomatous digital dermatitis (foot warts), or claw lesions. Cows not affected with lameness were classified as healthy. From Dairy Herd Improvement Association records, 305-day mature equivalent milk yield data were collected at the end of lactation or when the cow left the herd. Milk yield was compared between cows affected with lameness and healthy cows.Results—167 (31%) cows were affected with lameness during lactation. Lame cows had claw lesions (60%), papillomatous digital dermatitis (31%), or interdigital phlegmon (9%). Milk yield in lame cows with interdigital phlegmon (mean, 17,122 lb) was significantly less, compared with healthy cows (19,007 lb).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this herd, interdigital phlegmon was associated with a 10% decrease in milk production. Lame cows with claw lesions or papillomatous digital dermatitis produced less milk than healthy cows, but the difference was not significant. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:640–644)
Persistent fecal Salmonella shedding in five dairy herds
Authors: Huston Carla L. , Wittum Thomas E. , Love Brenda C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To monitor patterns ofSalmonellafecal shedding in naturally infected dairy herds, determine the association between fecal shedding and individual animal production measures, and evaluate potential risk factors for shedding ofSalmonellaorganisms among cattle in dairy herds.Design—Longitudinal study.Sample Population—5 Ohio dairy herds.Procedure—For 3 herds, fecal samples were collected from all mature cows and unweaned calves 7 times during an 18-month period. For the remaining 2 herds, fecal samples were collected from 50 lactating cows 6 times during a 12-month period. Individual animal production records for 3 herds were used to examine associations between individual fecalSalmonellashedding status and 305-day matureequivalent milk production, somatic cell count, milk fat content, and milk protein content. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test for associations between fecal shedding status and breed, lactation status, lactation number, and duration of lactation.Results—None of the adult animals had clinical signs of salmonellosis, but prevalence of fecalSalmonellashedding at individual collection times ranged from 0 to 99% for cows and from 0 to 67% for unweaned calves. Mature cows were more likely to be sheddingSalmonellaorganisms than were unweaned calves. Within herds, lactation status and duration of lactation for individual animals were associated withSalmonellashedding status.Salmonellafecal shedding status was not associated with individual cow production measures.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that subclinical fecalSalmonellashedding can persist in dairy herds for up to 18 months with no measurable effects on health or production of individual cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:650–655)
Isolation of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from hide surfaces and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle
Authors: Keen James E. , Elder Robert O. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether viable shiga-toxigenic
Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 could be isolated
from hide surface locations and the oral cavity of finished
beef feedlot cattle.

Design—Within-animal prevalence distribution survey.

Animals—139 finished cattle in 4 pens in a feedlot in
Nebraska; prevalence of fecal STEC O157 shedding
ranged from 20 to > 90%.

Procedure—Samples were collected from 7 sites from
each animal: feces, oral cavity, and 5 hide surface locations
(lumbar region, ventral aspect of the neck, ventral
abdominal midline [ventrum], dorsal thoracic midline
[back], and distal aspect of the left hind limb [hock]).

Results—Viable STEC O157 were isolated from the
oral cavity or 1 or more hide surfaces of 130 cattle,
including 50 fecal isolation-negative cattle. Site-specific
prevalence of STEC O157 was 74.8% for oral cavity
samples, 73.4% for back samples, 62.6% for neck
samples, 60.4% for fecal samples, 54.0% for flank
samples, 51.1% for ventrum samples, and 41.0% for
hock samples. Only 5 cattle tested negative for STEC
O157 at all 7 sites. Multiple correspondence and cluster
analyses demonstrated that bacterial culture of
feces, oral cavity samples, and back samples detected
most cattle with STEC O157.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that viable STEC O157 may be isolated from the
oral cavity, multiple hide surfaces, and feces of a high
percentage of fed beef cattle and that bacterial culture
of feces alone generally underestimates the percentage
of fed beef cattle from which STEC O157 can be
isolated. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:xxx–xxx)
Medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia of injured loggerhead sea turtles: 13 cases (1996–2000)
Authors: Chittick Elizabeth J. , Stamper M. Andrew , Beasley Jean F. , Lewbart Gregory A. , Horne William A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine safety and efficacy of an anesthetic protocol incorporating medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia of injured loggerhead sea turtles.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—13 loggerhead sea turtles.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced with medetomidine (50 µg/kg [22.7 µg/lb], IV) and ketamine (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], IV) and maintained with sevoflurane (0.5 to 2.5%) in oxygen. Sevoflurane was delivered with a pressure-limited intermittent-flow ventilator. Heart rate and rhythm, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2, and cloacal temperature were monitored continuously; venous blood gas analyses were performed intermittently. Administration of sevoflurane was discontinued 30 to 60 minutes prior to the end of the surgical procedure. Atipamezole (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered at the end of surgery.Results—Median induction time was 11 minutes (range, 2 to 40 minutes; n = 11). Median delivered sevoflurane concentrations 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intubation were 2.5 (n = 12), 1.5 (12), 1.25 (12), and 0.5% (8), respectively. Heart rate decreased during surgery to a median value of 15 beats/min (n = 11). End-tidal partial pressure of CO2ranged from 2 to 16 mm Hg (n = 8); median blood gas values were within reference limits. Median time from atipamezole administration to extubation was 14 minutes (range, 2 to 84 minutes; n = 7).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a combination of medetomidine and ketamine for induction and sevoflurane for maintenance provides safe, effective, controllable anesthesia in injured loggerhead sea turtles. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1019–1025)
Findings in cerebrospinal fluids of horses infected with West Nile virus: 30 cases (2001)
Authors: Wamsley Heather L. , Alleman A. Rick , Porter Michael B. , Long Maureen T. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate CSF in horses with confirmed
West Nile virus encephalomyelitis.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—30 horses.

Procedure—Results of CSF analyses from horses
with acute neurologic signs attributed to West Nile
virus infection that was confirmed by immunoglobulin
M antibody capture ELISA were reviewed and analyzed.

Results—Among 30 CSF samples, findings in 8
(27%) were within reference ranges and in 22 (73%)
were abnormal. Among the 22 abnormal samples,
mononuclear pleocytosis was found in 16 (73%) and
high protein concentration with nucleated cell count
within reference range was found in 6 (27%) samples.
A predominance of lymphocytes was found in
11 of 16 samples with mononuclear pleocytosis, and
a predominance of large mononuclear cells was
found in 5 of 16 samples. Sensitivities of analyses of
CSF obtained from the lumbosacral and atlanto-occipital
regions of the spinal cord were 89 and 50%,
respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that in horses with acute onset of neurologic
signs caused by West Nile virus encephalomyelitis,
findings in the CSF are likely to be abnormal, mononuclear
pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance may
be most commonly observed, and CSF collected from
the lumbosacral region may be abnormal more commonly
than CSF collected from the atlanto-occipital
region. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:1303–1305)