bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐designed radome with parasitic patches for the profile reduction and gain enhancement of antennas
Authors: Yan Mengzhu , Chen Haidong , Che Wenquan , Xue Quan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional radome adversely influences the antenna performance besides protecting the antenna from the outside environment. In this work, one co‐design of a millimeter‐wave antenna and radome using parasitic patches is presented, featuring a low profile and high gain. First, the basic influence of radome on patch antenna is investigated on a transparent and low‐loss material cyclic olefin copolymer. Then, the electromagnetic interaction between the patches and the antenna is investigated in detail to reduce the adverse effect of field reflection and phase delay. One prototype of the co‐designed radome and antenna was fabricated for demonstration. The measured results show that the entire profile of the co‐designed radome and antenna is significantly reduced from traditional 0.5–0.2 λg and the gain is enhanced by 2.4 dB.
Pure TE and TM modes in the metallic waveguide filled homogeneously with fully anisotropic and lossless medium
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhang Xurui , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis letter gives a sufficient condition for the existence of the pure transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in the metallic waveguide filled with a homogeneous, fully anisotropic and lossless medium. The condition is a relation between the permittivity and permeability tensors of the fully anisotropic medium. The theory given in the letter is an extension of the classic electromagnetic waveguide theory. Furthermore, a mixed spectral element method is applied to simulate this type of anisotropic waveguide problem. At last, a numerical experiment shows that the sufficient condition supported in the letter does confirm the existence of the pure TE and TM modes in the anisotropic waveguide.
A broadband reconfigurable rasorber radome based on AFSR for RCS reduction
Authors: Xue Jingkai , Chen Jiahao , Lu Hong , Li Zhiyi , Hao Shuji , Chen Xing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband reconfigurable active frequency selective rasorber is proposed, which can be used as a radome for antenna radar cross section (RCS) reduction. By tuning the active components, the radome can achieve in‐band RCS reduction and reconfigurable absorptive/transmissive states. In the absorptive state, the max bandwidth with an absorption rate greater than 90% spanning from 1.62 to 5.37 GHz; in the absorptive/transmissive state, 2.2 GHz is the transmissive frequency with the insertion loss of 93% while absorbing in 0.94–2.06 GHz and 2.63–6.5 GHz, which demonstrate impressive characteristics of broadband and a high absorption rate. Additionally, the radome can maintain performance at ±35° angular incidence and is insensitive to incident wave polarization. Furthermore, it features a lightweight and low‐profile design, with a cell electrical size of just 0.078λ × 0.078λ × 0.066λ. The prototype test shows a noteworthy correlation with simulation. This study has wider applications in the electromagnetic stealth of communication antennas and aircraft, as well as in the control of electromagnetic pollution signals in space.
Optimization modeling for pandemic vaccine supply chain management: A review and future research opportunities
Authors: Dey Shibshankar , Kurbanzade Ali Kaan , Gel Esma S. , Mihaljevic Joseph , Mehrotra Sanjay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring various stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, countries implemented diverse vaccine management approaches, influenced by variations in infrastructure and socio‐economic conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of optimization models developed by the research community throughout the COVID‐19 era, aimed at enhancing vaccine distribution and establishing a standardized framework for future pandemic preparedness. These models address critical issues such as site selection, inventory management, allocation strategies, distribution logistics, and route optimization encountered during the COVID‐19 crisis. A unified framework is employed to describe the models, emphasizing their integration with epidemiological models to facilitate a holistic understanding. This article also summarizes evolving nature of literature, relevant research gaps, and authors' perspectives for model selection. Finally, future research scopes are detailed both in the context of modeling and solutions approaches.
A double‐layer Jacobi method for partial differential equation‐constrained nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Deng Haoyang , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a real‐time optimization method for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The NMPC problem to be solved is formulated by discretizing the PDE system in space and time by using the finite difference method. The proposed method is called the double‐layer Jacobi method, which exploits both the spatial and temporal sparsities of the PDE‐constrained NMPC problem. In the upper layer, the NMPC problem is solved by ignoring the temporal couplings of either the state or costate (Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the state equation) equations so that the spatial sparsity is preserved. The lower‐layer Jacobi method is a linear solver dedicated to PDE‐constrained NMPC problems by exploiting the spatial sparsity. Convergence analysis indicates that the convergence of the proposed method is related to the prediction horizon. Results of a numerical experiment of controlling a heat transfer process show that the proposed method can be two orders of magnitude faster than the conventional Newton's method exploiting the banded structure of NMPC problems.
Study on the thermal assistance friction stir lap welding of aluminum alloy and CFRTP
Authors: Sun Yibo , Zhang Yuan , Wei Xiao , Long Haiwei , Sun Yang , Yang Xinhua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of transportation and electronic equipment industries, lightweight requires reliable joining technology for metal/polymer. Preheating before welding is a potential way to improve the tensile properties of the joint and reduce the risk of defect formation. In this study, thermal assistance friction stir lap welding (TA‐FSLW) in joining 6061‐T6 aluminum alloy and carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) is investigated. The welds are evaluated by OM image segmentation and statistical calculation, temperature detection in thermal imaging, SEM and EDS of the fracture, tensile, and hardness analysis. From the quantitative analysis results of the width of the CFRTP side‐melting zone and the area of Al alloy fragments in the welding zone, the movement of the polymer chain in the CFRTP of joint is intensified by thermal assistance, which reduces the thickness of the melting zone on the side of the composite material. The area of metal fragments ranges from 100 to 2 × 106 μm2. The microscopic analysis results indicate that preheating enhances the initial thermal motion of molecules. Gaseous polymers are dissociated from the molten state, reducing the number of bubbles in the composite material. Small size fragments are inserted into the molten CFRTP and mechanical interlocking is enhanced due to the uniform interweaving of metals and polymers. A maximum tensile strength of 39.97 MPa is achieved, which increases by 37.6% compared with the conventional FSLW.Highlights
Thermal assistance friction stir welding technology is applied to the welding of aluminum alloy with carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic.
The number and area of aluminum alloy fragments are counted and analyzed by the metal segmentation counting algorithms.
Thermal assisted technology reduces the thickness of the melting zone of CFRTP and enhances the material flow and refinement of aluminum alloy fragments.
A semi‐empirical model of the influence of the size of micrometer fillers on the elastic properties of polymer‐matrix composites
Authors: Fedotov Aleksandr 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA semi‐empirical model of the influence of the size of micrometer fillers on the elastic moduli of polymer‐matrix composites is proposed. The modulus of elasticity of the composite is the sum of the modulus of elasticity at infinite filler size and an exponential function depending on filler size. The calculated dependencies contain two empirical parameters, and the model is identified based on the results of an experiment with two filler sizes. Composites with the minimum and maximum filler size are selected among the studied options. The scope of application of the model was studied by varying the filler size and boundary values of Young's modulus and eight grades of polymer‐matrix composites. The filler size varied over a wide range from 3.5 to 140 μm. The range of changes in the boundary values was also significant, and depending on the brand of the composite, it was 7%–43% of Young's modulus . For all variants of particle size and the range of changes in the boundary values of the Young's modulus, the calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data.Highlights
Semi‐empirical model of the effect of filler size on the elastic moduli polymer composites.
The calculated dependences contain two empirical parameters.
Model identification is based on the results of an experiment with two filler sizes.
Explore composites with minimum and maximum filler size.
Good agreement of calculation results with experimental data is obtained.
Insights on the bearing response of glass fiber‐reinforced stainless steel laminates: Investigating the influence of natural fiber and specimen geometry
Authors: Vasumathi M. , Begum S. Rashia , Gokul Nath P. , Kavimani V. , Romanovski Valentin , Salah Bashir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the bearing response of two types of Fiber Metal Epoxy Laminates (FMLs): Glass Fiber/Stainless Steel laminates and Glass Fiber/Jute/Stainless Steel laminates, where a portion of glass fiber is replaced with jute. The primary focus is to assess the impact of introducing natural fiber (jute) into FML on its pin‐type bearing performance, considering various edge‐to‐hole ratios (e/D), width‐to‐hole ratios (W/D), and stacking orders. The study aims to understand how these parameters influence the bearing load and failure modes of the laminates. Observations reveal that variations in e/D and W/D ratios, along with the stacking arrangement of materials in the FMLs, exert a significant influence on the ultimate load‐bearing capacity of the pinned joint. It is observed from the study that, for the two stacking sequences considered, the load bearing capacity of the FMLs with W/D ratio 6 is greater than those with W/D ratio of 4 by a maximum of 23.06%. Moreover, if the weight fraction of the glass fiber content in the FML is reduced, the ultimate load bearing capacity of the FML also gets curtailed to a maximum extent of 44%. The experimental findings suggest that the prepared fiber metal laminate, characterized by lower weight, cost‐effectiveness, and enhanced environmental friendliness, exhibits a substantial capacity to withstand bearing loads. Consequently, it emerges as a promising candidate for the construction of structures such as storage silos, offering a balanced combination of structural performance and sustainability.Highlights
FML bearing performance: Glass/Stainless versus Glass/Jute/Stainless.
Influence of e/D and W/D ratios on pin‐type bearing.
Stacking order impact on load‐bearing capacity.
Lightweight, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly FMLs.
Promising for silo construction: structural and sustainable.
Experimental investigation on the influence of self‐heating effect on the fatigue behavior of aluminum‐CFRP riveted‐bonded hybrid joints
Authors: Wu Huaping , Song Jianhui , Yue Lingyu , Yu Xiaochen , Zhu Yingdan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe self‐heating‐induced temperature rise in the adhesive layer under fatigue loading plays a significant role in influencing the fatigue behavior of riveted‐bonded hybrid joints in aluminum‐carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite structures. This study aims to investigate the impact of the self‐heating effect on the fatigue life of such hybrid joints. Experimental analysis was conducted to explore the interrelationships between temperature evolution and fatigue behavior at varying frequencies, adhesive thicknesses, and loading levels. Additionally, a theoretical model for predicting self‐heating temperature rise in hybrid joints with different parameters was developed. Results show that the self‐heating effect is notably affected by loading frequency, loading level, and adhesive thickness. The theoretical model accurately captures temperature variations and predicts critical frequencies for hybrid joints under different loading levels, which are identified as 10, 8, 3, and 1 Hz for loading levels of 35%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, respectively. Critical adhesive thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 1 mm were also determined. Furthermore, the study predicts the fatigue life at specific self‐heating temperatures with an average error within 4%, offering valuable theoretical insights for evaluating the fatigue safety performance of hybrid joints and facilitating optimization strategies.Highlights
The interrelationship between the self‐heating effect and fatigue behavior was revealed.
Quantitative influences of main process parameters on the self‐heating effect were discussed.
A self‐heating temperature rise model considering process parameters was developed.
The critical frequency and adhesive thickness of the hybrid joint were determined.
Evaluation of granular formulated strigolactone analogs for Striga suicidal germination
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Margueritte Ouedraogo , Yonli Djibril , Wang Jian You , Navangi Lynet , Mudavadi Patrick , Patil Rohit H. , Bhoge Satish Ekanath , Traore Hamidou , Runo Steven , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDStriga hermonthica, an obligate root parasitic weed, poses a significant threat to cereal production in sub‐Saharan Africa. Lowering Striga seed bank in infested soils is a promising strategy to mitigate infestation levels. The dependency of Striga seed germination on strigolactones opens up the possibility of a ‘suicidal germination’ approach, where synthetic germination stimulants induce lethal germination in the absence of a host. Implementing this approach requires active germination stimulants with a suitable formulation for field application. Here, we describe the development of slow‐releasing granular formulation of two potent germination stimulants ‘Methyl Phenlactonoate 3’ and ‘Nijmegen‐1’ and the assessment of their activity under Laboratory, greenhouse, mini‐field, and field conditions.RESULTSUnder laboratory conditions, the granular formulation of either of the two germination stimulants (1.25 mg per plate, corresponding to 0.09 mg a.i.) induced Striga seed germination at a rate of up to 43%. With 10 mg granular product (0.75 mg a.i.) per pot, we observed 77–83% reduction in Striga emergence under greenhouse pot conditions. Application of the formulated stimulants under artificially or naturally infested fields resulted in approximately 56%, 60%, and 72% reduction in Striga emergence in maize, sorghum, and millet fields in Kenya and Burkina Faso, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur findings on the newly designed granular formulation of Methyl Phenlactonoate 3 and Nijmegen‐1 reveal encouraging prospects for addressing the Striga problem in Africa. These findings underscore several significant advantages of the formulated stimulants, including suitability for the African agricultural context, and, most importantly, their effectiveness in reducing Striga infection. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Pseudomonas mosselii: a potential alternative for managing pyrethroid‐resistant Aedes aegypti
Authors: Leelagud Piyatida , Wang Hui‐Liang , Lu Kuang‐Hui , Dai Shu‐Mei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes aegypti is a widespread mosquito in tropical and subtropical regions that causes significant mortality and morbidity in humans by transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever and Zika virus disease. Synthetic insecticides, such as pyrethroids, have been used to control Ae. aegypti, but these insecticides can also affect nontarget organisms and contaminate soil and water. This study aimed to investigate the mosquitocidal activity of Pseudomonas mosselii isolated from pond sludge against larvae of Ae. aegypti.RESULTSBased on the initial results, similar time‐course profiles were obtained for the mosquitocidal activity of the bacterial culture and its supernatant, and the pellet resuspended in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium also showed delayed toxicity. These results imply that the toxic component can be released into the medium from live bacteria. Further research indicated that the toxic component appeared in the supernatant approximately 4 h after a 3‐mL stock was cultured in 200 mL of LB medium. The stabilities of the P. mosselii culture and supernatant stored at different temperatures were also evaluated, and the best culture stability was obtained at 28 °C and supernatant stability at 4 °C. The bacterial culture and supernatant were toxic to larvae and pupae of not only susceptible Ae. aegypti but also pyrethroid‐resistant strains.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights the value of the mosquitocidal activity of P. mosselii, which has potential as an alternative insecticide to control pyrethroid‐resistant Ae. aegypti in the field. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Low‐Resistivity Ti/Al/TiN/Au Ohmic Contacts to Ga‐ and N‐Face n‐GaN for Vertical Power Devices
Authors: Sadowski Oskar , Kamiński Maciej , Taube Andrzej , Tarenko Jarosław , Guziewicz Marek , Wzorek Marek , Maleszyk Justyna , Jóźwik Iwona , Szerling Anna , Prystawko Paweł , Boćkowski Michał , Grzegory Izabella 
Published: April 2024

Low‐resistivity Ohmic contacts to Gallium‐face (G‐aface) and/or Nitrogen‐face (‐Nface) n‐GaN are undoubtedly needed for high‐quality vertical power devices. Contrary to Ga‐face n‐GaN, for which the Ohmic contact formation is a well‐established process, the formation of low‐resistivity Ohmic contacts to N‐face n‐GaN is much more difficult due to the different surface properties. Despite many efforts, obtaining low‐resistivity ohmic contacts, with ρc < 1 × 10−5 Ω cm2 to N face n‐GaN, still remains difficult to achieve. Herein, results of fabrication and characterization of Ti/Al/TiN/Au ohmic contacts to Ga‐ and N‐face n‐GaN for vertical power devices are presented. The optimum annealing temperature is examined and it is noticed that Ohmic contacts to Ga‐face n‐GaN (n ≈ 5 × 1018 cm−3 , 200 nm on bulk GaN substrate) are formed after 550 °C annealing and continuously lower their ρc up to temperature of 750 °C for which ρc is ≈1.86 × 10−6 Ω cm2. Ohmic contact to N‐face n‐GaN (bulk ammonothermally grown substrate, ρ ≈ 10−3–10−2 Ω cm2) becomes quasilinear after annealing at 650 °C and becomes linear after annealing at 700 °C, reaching a minimum value of ρc 6 × 10−6 Ω cm2. Further annealing at higher temperaturesincreases the contact resistivity to the value of ≈5.8 × 10−5 cm2 for annealing at 800 °C. The electrical measurements results were accompanied with the results of structural characterization for determination of Ohmic contact formation mechanism.
Momentary stress‐induced food craving: An ecological momentary assessment study comparing perceived interpersonal and non‐interpersonal stressors
Authors: Dicker‐Oren Sheila Daniela , Gelkopf Marc , Greene Talya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDaily‐life stressors and food cravings are dynamic and vary within and across persons. Some evidence suggests interpersonal stressors increase appetite. However, little is known about the association of food craving with different types of stressors at the momentary level in the general population. We aimed to explore the momentary relationships between daily‐life stressful events and food craving in a non‐clinical community sample, and to compare the associations with food craving when the most stressful event was perceived as interpersonal versus non‐interpersonal. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect reports on the most stressful event, perceived stressor type, stressor appraisal, and food craving from 123 adults three times a day scheduled at fixed intervals over 10 days. Mixed effects random intercepts and slopes models examined the within‐ and between‐person associations. Experiencing a stressor was significantly positively associated with within‐person food craving at the same measurement. No differences in momentary food craving were found when the most stressful event was perceived as interpersonal or non‐interpersonal (within‐person level). However, frequently reporting the most stressful event as interpersonal (vs. non‐interpersonal) was positively associated with food craving across the study (between‐person level), particularly when the stressor was appraised as more unpleasant. Daily‐life stressors were associated with momentary food craving. Individuals who generally perceived interpersonal stressors as their most stressful event tended to experience food cravings. Future research could further investigate the role of interpersonal stressors as a factor for overeating in daily life and the potential benefits of stress management in interventions.
Pathway of Room‐Temperature Formation of CdSeS Magic‐Size Clusters from Mixtures of CdSe and CdS Samples
Authors: Xue Jiawei , Wang Shasha , Wang Zhe , Luan Chaoran , Li Yang , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Kui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synthetic application of prenucleation‐stage samples of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is in its infancy. It is shown that when two prenucleation‐stage samples of binary CdSe and CdS are mixed, ternary CdSeS magic‐size clusters (MSCs) grow at room temperature in dispersion. As the amount of the CdS sample increases, the optical absorption of the CdSeS MSCs blueshifts from ≈380 to ≈360 nm. It is proposed that the cluster in the CdSe sample reacts with the CdS monomer from the CdS sample. The monomer substitution reaction of CdSe by CdS can proceed continuously; thus, CdSeS MSCs with tunable compositions are obtained. The present study provides compelling evidence that clusters formed in the prenucleation stage of QDs. The clusters are precursor compounds (PCs) of MSCs, transforming at room temperature with the thermoneutrality principle of isodesmic reactions. The nucleation and growth of QDs follows a multi‐step non‐classical instead of one‐step classical nucleation model.