bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of silver nanoparticles alone and combined with imipenem on carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Li Jiangyan , Yu Lian , Wang Ruirui , Lan Jiaqi , Li Ming , Qiao Yan , Tao Zhaoyu , Lü Hezuo , Wang Fengchao , Fang Qiang , Guo Pu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating urgent development of new antimicrobial agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are among the most widely used engineered nanomaterials, have been extensively studied. However, the impact of AgNPs on CRKP and the potential for drug resistance development remain inadequately explored.

Methods and results
In this study, broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth dilution method. Results indicated MIC values of 93.1 ± 193.3 µg ml−1 for AgNPs, 2.3 ± 5.1 µg ml−1 for AgNO3, and 25.1 ± 48.3 µg ml−1 for imipenem (IMI). The combined inhibitory effect of AgNPs and IMI on CRKP was assessed using the checkerboard method. Moreover, after 6–20 generations of continuous culture, the MIC value of AgNPs increased 2-fold. Compared to IMI, resistance of Kl. pneumoniae to AgNPs developed more slowly, with a higher fold increase in MIC observed after 20 generations. Whole-genome sequencing revealed four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism mutations in CRKP after 20 generations of AgNP treatment.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated that AgNPs significantly inhibit CRKP isolates and enhance the antibacterial activity of imipenem against Kl. pneumoniae. Although the development of AgNP resistance is gradual, continued efforts are necessary for monitoring and studying the mechanisms of AgNP resistance.
The distortion and misinterpretation of TEM responses caused by the IP effect
Authors: Zhi Qingquan , Wang Xingchun , Wu Junjie , Li Xiu , Deng Xiaohong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transient electromagnetic surveys are commonly conducted to map the distribution of resistivity, a key physical property in mineral exploration and other geological prospecting problems. However, the responses obtained in regions associated with chargeable minerals are always distorted by the induced polarization effects. In this study, the distorted responses are initially simulated in the frequency domain employing the Cole–Cole complex resistivity model and subsequently converted into the time domain through a time-frequency transformation method. A uniform half-space model is employed to validate the algorithm and illustrate the distortion characteristics of the responses in polarizable formations. A three-layer model is designed to estimate the misinterpretation of slightly complicated models. An actual misinterpretation is demonstrated by field responses containing induced polarization effects collected in the Wulong Gold Mine. The results show that the distortions under different geoelectrical conditions are consistent, enhancing the responses in the early stage and counteracting the responses in the late stage. The strong induced polarizable effects distort the responses by causing explicit sign reversals, whereas the weak induced polarizable effects only distort the decay rate of the responses. These distortions are prone to causing misinterpretations and resulting in excessively intricate geological structures.
Comparative analyses of the banded alder borer (Rosalia funebris) and Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) genomes reveal significant differences in genome architecture and gene content among these and other Cerambycidae
Authors: Sylvester Terrence , Adams Richard , Mitchell Robert F , Ray Ann M , Shen Rongrong , Shin Na Ra , McKenna Duane D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rosalia funebris (RFUNE; Cerambycidae), the banded alder borer, is a longhorn beetle whose larvae feed on the wood of various economically and ecologically significant trees in western North America. Adults are short-lived and not known to consume plant material substantially. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the RFUNE genome using HiFi and RNASeq data. We documented genome architecture and gene content, focusing on genes putatively involved in plant feeding (phytophagy). Comparisons were made to the well-studied genome of the Asian longhorned beetle (AGLAB; Anoplophora glabripennis) and other Cerambycidae. The 814 Mb RFUNE genome assembly was distributed across 42 contigs, with an N50 of 30.18 Mb. Repetitive sequences comprised 60.27% of the genome, and 99.0% of expected single-copy orthologous genes were fully assembled. We identified 12,657 genes, fewer than in the four other species studied, and 46.4% fewer than for Aromia moschata (same subfamily as RFUNE). Of the 7,258 orthogroups shared between RFUNE and AGLAB, 1,461 had more copies in AGLAB and 1,023 had more copies in RFUNE. We identified 240 genes in RFUNE that putatively arose via horizontal transfer events. The RFUNE genome encoded substantially fewer putative plant cell wall degrading enzymes than AGLAB, which may relate to the longer-lived plant-feeding adults of the latter species. The RFUNE genome provides new insights into cerambycid genome architecture and gene content and provides a new vantage point from which to study the evolution and genomic basis of phytophagy in beetles.
Eradicating gross tumor disease: a prerequisite for efficient radioimmunotherapy?
Authors: Deutsch Eric , Levy Antonin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRadiation therapy may induce off-target antitumor “abscopal” immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Several preclinical and early clinical studies revealed promising results when combining radiation therapy with immunostimulatory agents. Most radioimmunotherapy randomized trials showed disappointing results in patients with advanced tumors. In contrast, outcomes were encouraging when immunotherapy was delivered on top of gross disease elimination with curative-intent radiation therapy. In this review, we highlight available results from randomized trials and discuss the potential impact of overall tumor burden on the observed efficacy of radioimmunotherapy.
An 8-mm trocar-site hernia at a drainage insertion site after a three-port robotic myomectomy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Hong Yeon Hee , Paik Haerin , Kim Seul Ki , Lee Jung Ryeol , Suh Chang Suk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Trocar site hernia is a rare, serious operation-related complication after robotic gynecologic surgery. Here, we present two 8-mm port-site hernia cases after three-port robotic myomectomy with a review of reported previous cases. In the first case, small bowel obstruction was found postoperatively due to herniation at the left mid-axillary line 8-mm trocar site. Small bowel herniation through the same site as the first case was found in the second case. Emergency exploration was performed in both cases by extending the left trocar site. There was no sign of bowel ischemia, and successful bowel reduction and hernia repair were done. Unlike previously reported cases, these cases occurred in a normal body mass index (BMI) patient (first case 20.28 kg/m2, second case BMI 24.80 kg/m2) and were pelvic drain insertion sites. These sites were the weak points of the abdominal muscle coverage. Therefore, the closure of 8-mm trocar sites should be considered.
The PARADIGM project I: a multiscale radio morphological analysis of local U/LIRGS
Authors: Lucatelli Geferson , Beswick Robert J , Moldón Javier , Pérez-Torres Miguel A , Conway John E , Alberdi Antxon , Romero-Cañizales Cristina , Varenius Eskil , Klöckner Hans-Rainer , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , Bondi Marco , Garrington Simon T , Aalto Susanne , Baan Willem A , Pihlström Ylva M 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Disentangling the radio flux contribution from star formation (SF) and active-galactic-nuclei (AGNs) activity is a long-standing problem in extragalactic astronomy, since at frequencies of ≲ 10 GHz, both processes emit synchrotron radiation. We present in this work the general objectives of the PARADIGM (PAnchromatic high-Resolution Analysis of DIstant Galaxy Mergers) project, a multi-instrument concept to explore SF and mass assembly of galaxies. We introduce two novel general approaches for a detailed multiscale study of the radio emission in local (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs). In this work, we use archival interferometric data from the Very Large Array (VLA) centred at ∼ 6 GHz (C band) and present new observations from the e-Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) for UGC 5101, VV 705, VV 250, and UGC 8696. Using our image decomposition methods, we robustly disentangle the radio emission into distinct components by combining information from the two interferometric arrays. We use e-MERLIN as a probe of the core-compact radio emission (AGN or starburst) at ∼ 20 pc scales, and as a probe of nuclear diffuse emission, at scales ∼100–200 pc. With VLA, we characterize the source morphology and the flux density on scales from ∼200 pc up to and above 1 kpc. As a result, we find deconvolved and convolved sizes for nuclear regions from ∼10 to ∼200 pc. At larger scales, we find sizes of 1.5–2 kpc for diffuse structures (with effective sizes of ∼ 300–400 pc). We demonstrate that the radio emission from nuclear extended structures (∼ 100 pc) can dominate over core-compact components, providing a significant fraction of the total multiscale SF output. We establish a multiscale radio tracer for SF by combining information from different instruments. Consequently, this work sets a starting point to potentially correct for overestimations of AGN fractions and underestimates of SF activity.
Neutron star – white dwarf binaries: probing formation pathways and natal kicks with LISA
Authors: Korol Valeriya , Igoshev Andrei P , Toonen Silvia , Karnesis Nikolaos , Moore Christopher J , Finch Eliot , Klein Antoine 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Neutron star–white dwarf (NS + WD) binaries offer a unique opportunity for studying NS-specific phenomena with gravitational waves. In this paper, we employ the binary population synthesis technique to study the Galactic population of NS + WD binaries with the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We anticipate approximately $\mathcal {O}(10^2)$ detectable NS + WD binaries by LISA, encompassing both circular and eccentric ones formed via different pathways. Despite the challenge of distinguishing these binaries from more prevalent double white dwarfs (especially at frequencies below 2 mHz), we show that their eccentricity and chirp mass distributions may provide avenues to explore the NS natal kicks and common envelope evolution. Additionally, we investigate the spatial distribution of detectable NS + WD binaries relative to the Galactic plane and discuss prospects for identifying electromagnetic counterparts at radio wavelengths. Our results emphasise LISA’s capability to detect and characterize NS + WD binaries and to offer insights into the properties of the underlying population. Our conclusions carry significant implications for shaping LISA data analysis strategies and future data interpretation.
Star clusters forming in a low-metallicity starburst – rapid self-enrichment by (very) massive stars
Authors: Lahén Natalia , Naab Thorsten , Szécsi Dorottya 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Stellar winds of massive ($\gtrsim 9\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) and very massive ($\gtrsim 100\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) stars may play an important role in the metal-enrichment during the formation of star clusters. With novel high-resolution hydrodynamical griffin-project simulations, we investigate the rapid recycling of stellar wind-material during the formation of massive star clusters up to $M_\mathrm{cluster}\sim 2\times 10^5\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ in a low-metallicity dwarf galaxy starburst. The simulation realizes new stars from a stellar initial mass function (IMF) between $0.08$ and $\sim 400\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ and follows stellar winds, radiation and supernova-feedback of single massive stars with evolution tracks. Star clusters form on time-scales less than ∼5 Myr, and their supernova-material is very inefficiently recycled. Stellar wind-material, however, is trapped in massive clusters resulting in the formation of stars self-enriched in Na, Al, and N within only a few Myr. Wind-enriched (second population, 2P) stars can be centrally concentrated in the most massive clusters ($\gtrsim 10^4\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) and the locked wind-material increases approximately as $M_\mathrm{cluster}^{2}$. These trends resemble the characteristics of observed 2P stars in globular clusters (GCs). We fit scaling relations to the lognormal distributed wind-mass fractions and extrapolate to possible GC progenitors of $M_\mathrm{cluster}=10^7\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ to investigate whether a dominant 2P could form. This can only happen if the IMF is well-sampled, single massive stars produce at least a factor of a few more enriched winds, for example, through a top-heavy IMF, and a significant fraction of the first population (unenriched) stars is lost during cluster evolution.
Characterization of the ESPRESSO line-spread function and improvement of the wavelength calibration accuracy
Authors: Schmidt Tobias M , Bouchy François 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Achieving a truly accurate wavelength calibration of high-dispersion echelle spectrographs is a challenging task but crucially needed for certain science cases, e.g. to test for a possible variation of the fine-structure constant in quasar spectra. One of the spectrographs best suited for this mission is Very Large Telescope/Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observation (ESPRESSO). Nevertheless, previous studies have identified significant discrepancies between the classical wavelength solutions and the one derived independently from the laser frequency comb. The dominant parts of these systematics were intra-order distortions, most-likely related to a deviation of the instrumental line-spread function from the assumed Gaussian shape. Here, we therefore present a study focused on a detailed modelling of the ESPRESSO instrumental line-spread function. We demonstrate that it is strongly asymmetric, non-Gaussian, different for the two slices and fibres, and varies significantly along the spectral orders. Incorporating the determined non-parametric model in the wavelength calibration process drastically improves the wavelength calibration accuracy, reducing the discrepancies between the two independent wavelength solutions from $50\,\rm{m\,s^{-1}}$ to about $10\, \rm{m\,s^{-1}}$. The most striking success is, however, that the different fibres and slices now provide fully consistent measurements with a scatter of just a couple m s−1. This demonstrates that the instrument-related systematics can be nearly eliminated over most of the spectral range by properly taking into account the complex shape of the instrumental line-spread function and paves the way for further optimizations of the wavelength calibration process.
Prevalence and characteristics of genetic disease in adult kidney stone formers
Authors: Anderegg Manuel A , Olinger Eric G , Bargagli Matteo , Geraghty Rob , Taylor Lea , Nater Alexander , Bruggmann Rémy , Sayer John A , Vogt Bruno , Schaller André , Fuster Daniel G 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Molecular mechanisms of kidney stone formation remain unknown in most patients. Previous studies have shown a high heritability of nephrolithiasis, but data on the prevalence and characteristics of genetic disease in unselected adults with nephrolithiasis are lacking. This study was conducted to fill this important knowledge gap.

Methods
We performed whole exome sequencing in 787 participants in the Bern Kidney Stone Registry, an unselected cohort of adults with one or more past kidney stone episodes [kidney stone formers (KSFs)] and 114 non-kidney stone formers (NKSFs). An exome-based panel of 34 established nephrolithiasis genes was analysed and variants assessed according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria. Pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants were considered diagnostic.

Results
The mean age of KSFs was 47 ± 15 years and 18% were first-time KSFs. A Mendelian kidney stone disease was present in 2.9% (23/787) of KSFs. The most common genetic diagnoses were cystinuria (SLC3A1, SLC7A9; n = 13), vitamin D-24 hydroxylase deficiency (CYP24A1; n = 5) and primary hyperoxaluria (AGXT, GRHPR, HOGA1; n = 3). Of the KSFs, 8.1% (64/787) were monoallelic for LP/P variants predisposing to nephrolithiasis, most frequently in SLC34A1/A3 or SLC9A3R1 (n = 37), CLDN16 (n = 8) and CYP24A1 (n = 8). KSFs with Mendelian disease had a lower age at the first stone event (30 ± 14 versus 36 ± 14 years; P = .003), were more likely to have cystine stones (23.4% versus 1.4%) and less likely to have calcium oxalate monohydrates stones (31.9% versus 52.5%) compared with KSFs without a genetic diagnosis. The phenotype of KSFs with variants predisposing to nephrolithiasis was subtle and showed significant overlap with KSFs without diagnostic variants. In NKSFs, no Mendelian disease was detected and LP/P variants were significantly less prevalent compared with KSFs (1.8% versus 8.1%).

Conclusion
Mendelian disease is uncommon in unselected adult KSFs, yet variants predisposing to nephrolithiasis are significantly enriched in adult KSFs.
The safety of a low-protein diet in older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Windahl Karin , Chesnaye Nicholas C , Irving Gerd Faxén , Stenvinkel Peter , Almquist Tora , Lidén Maarit Korkeila , Drechsler Christiane , Szymczak Maciej , Krajewska Magdalena , de Rooij Esther , Torino Claudia , Porto Gaetana , Caskey Fergus J , Wanner Christoph , Jager Kitty J , Dekker Friedo W , Evans Marie ,   the EQUAL study investigators, Windahl Karin , Chesnaye Nicholas C , Irving Gerd Faxén , Stenvinkel Peter , Almquist Tora , Lidén Maarit Korkeila , Drechsler Christiane , Szymczak Maciej , Krajewska Magdalena , de Rooij Esther , Torino Claudia , Porto Gaetana , Caskey Fergus J , Wanner Christoph , Jager Kitty J , Dekker Friedo W , Evans Marie 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
A low-protein diet (LPD) is recommended to patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas geriatric guidelines recommend a higher amount of protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of LPD treatment in older adults with advanced CKD.

Methods
The EQUAL study is a prospective, observational study including patients ≥65 years of age with an incident estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;20 ml/min/1.73 m2 in six European countries with follow-up through 6 years. Nutritional status was assessed by a 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) every 3–6 months. Prescribed diet (g protein/kg of bodyweight) was recorded on every study visit; measured protein intake was available in three countries. Time to death and decline in nutritional status (SGA decrease of ≥2 points) were analysed using marginal structural models with dynamic inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights.

Results
Of 1738 adults (631 prescribed LPD at any point during follow-up), there were 1319 with repeated SGA measurements, of which 267 (20%) decreased in SGA ≥2 points and 565 (32.5%) who died. There was no difference in survival or decrease in nutritional status for patients prescribed a LPD ≤0.8 g/kg ideal bodyweight {odds ratio [OR] for mortality 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–1.55)] and OR for decrease in SGA 1.11 [95% CI 0.74–1.66]} in the adjusted models. In patients prescribed a LPD &lt;0.6 g/kg ideal bodyweight, the results were similar. There was a significant interaction with LPD and older age &gt;75 years, lower SGA and higher comorbidity burden for both mortality and nutritional status decline.

Conclusions
In older adults with CKD approaching end-stage kidney disease, a traditional LPD prescribed and monitored according to routine clinical practice in Europe appears to be safe.
Strategic behaviours in a labour market with mobility-restricting contractual provisions: evidence from the National Hockey League
Authors: Fumarco Luca , Longley Neil , Palermo Alberto , Rossi Giambattista 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We follow workers’ performance along an unbalanced panel dataset over multiple years and study how performance varies at the end of fixed-term contracts, in a labour market where some people face a mobility-restricting clause (i.e. a noncompete clause). Focusing on the labour market of the National Hockey League, we analyse players’ performance data and contracts with a fixed-effects estimator to address empirical limitations in previous studies. We find that, on average, National Hockey League players’ performance does not vary. However, our estimations detect substantially heterogeneous behaviours, depending on tenure, perceived expected performance, and mobility. Only younger players (i.e. restricted free agents) with high expected mobility but low expected performance tend to behave strategically and perform better. Differently, older players (i.e. unrestricted free agents) with high expected mobility tend to underperform, as the option of moving back to European tournaments is more appealing.
Self-Organisation in Gabbroic Cumulates: a New Patterning Mechanism Driven by Differential Migration of Immiscible Liquids in a Crystal Mush?
Authors: Holness Marian B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Self-organisation in plutonic igneous rocks has been suggested to form by a variety of mechanisms including oscillatory nucleation and growth, competitive particle growth (CPG), and preferential dissolution and reprecipitation during fluid infiltration enhanced by compaction, with driving forces including reduction of the interfacial energy budget by either Ostwald ripening or because the energy of boundaries between two grains of the same mineral is less than that between two grains of different minerals. An investigation of the Stillwater inch-scale layering shows that the CPG patterning mechanism leaves a characteristic microstructural signature preserving evidence for a highly interconnected melt in textural equilibrium and slow super- and sub-solidus cooling; such a signature is also preserved in chromite-bearing fine-scale layers in the Bushveld intrusion. The cm-scale (centimetre-scale) micro-rhythmic layering of the Skaergaard intrusion, superimposed on single modally graded layers, does not have these microstructural features. Furthermore, the energy of all relevant interphase grain boundaries in the Skaergaard gabbros is less than that of grain boundaries involving only one mineral, viscous compaction was not a significant process in the Skaergaard intrusion, and patterning by oscillatory nucleation and growth is precluded by the fact that the micro-rhythmic layering is superimposed on modally graded layers formed by sedimentation. A new patterning mechanism is proposed, operational only in intrusions in which the interstitial liquid of the crystal mush intersects a binode and splits into two immiscible conjugates. Cm-scale separation of the immiscible conjugate liquids in a compositionally graded mush, due to both gravity and capillary forces, leads to layering due to differences in their wetting properties. The positive feedback required for pattern formation is due to the two immiscible conjugates predominantly crystallising the minerals which they preferentially wet.