bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocrine motility factor/glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase is a possible predictor of metastasis in bone and soft tissue tumours
Authors: Dobashi Yoh , Watanabe Hideomi , Matsubara Maki , Yanagawa Takashi , Raz Avraham , Shimamiya Tamiyasu , Ooi Akishi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn order to assess the involvement of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in mesenchymal tumours, AMF protein and mRNA expression was analysed in tumours, tumour‐like lesions, and other lesions of bone and soft tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis of 200 cases revealed positive staining in 72.5% of the cases, suggesting that AMF is a widely expressed protein. Chordoid, chondroid, and muscular tumours revealed higher immunoreactivity in both benign and malignant tumours. Immunoblotting analysis corroborated the results of immunohistochemistry. Generally, malignant tumours revealed higher expression of AMF than benign tumours of the same histopathological lineage, except for dermatofibroma/dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. However, mRNA levels were not concordant with protein levels, and sarcomas that displayed higher mRNA and lower protein expression levels showed a trend for distant metastasis. In cultured cells, AMF was secreted and detected in conditioned culture medium. Furthermore, when proteasome inhibitors were added to cells in order to examine the changes in turnover rates, these compounds did not significantly alter the intracellular levels of AMF protein. On the basis of these overall findings, it is suggested that a particular subset of sarcomas secrete AMF, rather than degrading this protein at a higher turnover rate. This secreted AMF presumably enhances their cell motility through an autocrine effect and eventually causes increased metastatic potential. Collectively, AMF was observed in a wide spectrum of lesions of mesenchymal tissue, supporting the notion that it is involved in various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and metastasis. In addition, higher expression of its mRNA may indicate higher levels of protein secretion and define a particularly aggressive group of tumours with high metastatic potential. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence, incidence and persistence of antipsychotic drug prescribing in the Italian general population: retrospective database analysis, 1999–2002
Authors: Mirandola Mersia , Andretta Margherita , Corbari Letizia , Sorio Adriano , Nosè Michela , Barbui Corrado 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence, incidence and persistence with antipsychotic drug therapy in a large and geographically defined catchment area of Italian general population.MethodsAll antipsychotic drug prescriptions dispensed during 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 were extracted from an administrative prescription database covering a population of 2 640 379 individuals. Antipsychotic drug users were defined as patients who had at least one recorded prescription in the current year. New users were defined as patients receiving a first prescription without any recorded antipsychotic drug treatment in the previous 12 months. Prevalence data were calculated by dividing users by the total number of male and female residents in each age group. Incidence data were calculated as the number of new users divided by the person‐time free from antipsychotic drugs in the current year. The cumulative persistence of each medication was calculated by dividing the total prescribed amount of antipsychotic drug by the recommended daily dose, according to each agent's defined daily dose (DDD).ResultsA progressive rise in prevalence and incidence rates was observed during the 4‐year period. In each census year, the prevalence and incidence of prescribing was higher in females than males, and progressively rose with age, with the highest rates in old and very old subjects. The analysis of persistence with therapy revealed that 3176 individuals (78.5%) were occasional antipsychotic drug users, and that occasional use was more frequent among individuals receiving conventional antipsychotic drugs than among individuals receiving novel antipsychotic drugs. This difference was not explained by differences in the occurrence of neurologic adverse reactions, as shown by the concurrent prescribing of anticholinergic drugs, which was fairly similar between the two groups of new drug users. Additionally, we found that conventioal antipsychotic drugs were more often used in older individuals, where occasional use is very frequent, while novel antipsychotic drugs were more often prescribed in young and adult individuals, where regular use is more frequent.ConclusionsAn epidemiologically relevant proportion of everyday individuals is annually exposed to antipsychotic drugs. The distribution of prevalence and incidence rates by age highlighted an emerging public health issue related to the adverse and beneficial consequences of antipsychotic drug exposure in the elderly. The finding that persistence with therapy was longer in new users of novel antipsychotic drugs compared with new users of conventional agents might be explained by the different demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals receiving these two drug classes and not by the different tolerability profile of these two drug classes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer incidence in a general population of asthma patients
Authors: González‐Pérez Antonio , Fernández‐Vidaurre Carlos , Rueda Ana , Rivero Elena , García Rodríguez Luis A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeSeveral studies have assessed the association between asthma and cancer but none of them revealed a clear pattern of association. We aimed to examine the association between asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer.MethodsWe performed a cohort study with a nested case‐control analysis using the General Practitioner Research Database in the UK. We defined three cohorts: patients with asthma, patients with COPD, and general population. During the follow‐up, we identified a total of 5263 incident cases of cancer. We conducted a nested case‐control analysis that included all cancer cases as well as 20 000 controls free of cancer frequency‐matched on age, sex, and calendar year.ResultsPatients with asthma did not have an overall greater risk of cancer compared with the general population (odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1.00). However, they presented an elevated risk of experiencing lung cancer (odds ratio = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.58–2.15). Controlling for smoking and other potential confounding factors yielded a lower estimate (odds ratio = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.15–1.59). This estimate contrasted with that observed for non‐smoking related cancer (0.87, 95%CI: 0.80–0.94). Overall, respiratory drugs did not seem to be associated with cancer among asthmatic patients. Patients with COPD had an Odds ratio of cancer of 1.26 (95%CI: 1.12–1.43) compared with the general population.ConclusionsAsthma was not associated with an increased risk of cancer. In fact, the risk of non‐smoking related cancer was slightly reduced. However, we observed a small‐elevated risk of lung cancer among asthmatic patients. Whether this result is a due to residual confounding and/or protopathic bias remains unclear. Further investigation is warranted to confirm or discard these associations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure‐time‐varying hazard function ratios in case‐control studies of drug effects
Authors: Guess Harry A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor many adverse effects of drugs, the instantaneous risk of an incident event per day of therapy (i.e., the hazard function) varies by duration of therapy and by prior exposure. In cohort studies of adverse drug effects time‐varying hazard functions are easily modeled using standard statistical software packages. Tests of the hypothesis of a constant proportional hazard function ratio are also available. In case control studies, the need to consider time‐varying hazard functions seems to be somewhat less well‐recognized than in cohort studies. When the hazard function ratio for an adverse drug event is not constant over time, an overall single odds ratio (OR) estimated in a case control study not accounting for the time variation in the hazard function is a weighted average of duration‐specific ORs with weights reflecting the distribution of exposure time in the study population. The resulting estimate depends not only on the drug but also on the exposure time distribution in the study population. This can lead to misleading conclusions when comparing the risks of two drugs within the same population and when comparing risks of the same drug in different populations. Analytic approaches for addressing time‐varying hazard functions in case‐control studies have been published but seem to be less used than in cohort studies. This article discusses adverse drug effects with time‐varying hazard functions and methods for addressing these in case‐control studies during study design, data collection, and analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibiotic resistant fecal isolates of Enterococci among unselected patients outside the clinical sector: an epidemiological study from Southern Germany
Authors: Lietzau S. , Hoewner M. , von Baum H. , Marre R. , Brenner H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of antibiotic‐resistant Enterococci in a large group of outpatients in Southern Germany.MethodsStool samples were collected from 497 unselected patients aged 40–75 years attending general practitioners. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were cultured and minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics used inside and outside the clinical sector were tested.ResultsE. faecium and E. faecalis could be identified and cultured in 60 (12.4%) and 205 (41.2%) of the stool samples, respectively. Under non‐selective culture conditions no vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolate was found. Only E. faecium isolates showed resistance to fluoroquinolones, 40% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The prevalences of E. faecium resistance to ampicillin and doxycycline were 3.3% and 13.3%, respectively, whereas 0.5% and 29.6% of the E. faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin and doxycycline, respectively. Antibiotic use during the last 3 months was significantly associated with antibiotic resistance (to either ampicillin, imipenem, or doxycycline) of E. faecalis isolates (OR: 2.9; CI: 1.2–6.8).ConclusionsPrevalences of resistance were generally lower than and patterns of resistance were quite different from previous investigations in the clinical setting. Recent antibiotic use was associated with increased colonization with resistant strains. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized children in Fortaleza, Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Djanilson Barbosa , Coelho Helena Lutéscia Luna 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and associated risk factors in a pediatric hospital in northeast Brazil, from August to December 2001.Subjects/SettingTwo hundred seventy two patients hospitalized for more than 24 hours.MethodsProspective cohort study. Daily visits were performed for inclusion or attendance of patients and collection of information on drug prescriptions and medical events. The visits were focused on the detection of adverse events. WHO categories were used to assess the imputability and severity of suspected ADRs.ResultsTwo hundred sixty five patients (97%) were exposed to medicines during hospitalization; the most frequent diagnosis was pneumonia (30%), the therapeutic class most prescribed was anti‐infectives for systemic use (26%). Of a total of 420 adverse events, 47 ADRs were detected in 33 of 265 children treated with drugs. The cumulative incidence of ADRs was 12.5% (33/265); incidence density was 8 events per 1000 patient days (33/4042 patient‐days). The skin was the most affected organ (49%); the drugs more implicated were systemic antibiotic (53.2%). The ADRs were mild or moderate in 97.9% of cases; causality was probable in 57.5% and the majority of events were independent of the dose given (55.3%). In multivariate analysis, the risk of ADR increased with the number of drugs, male gender, and ≥3 previous hospitalization courses.ConclusionADRs are not uncommon among hospitalized children, particularly those with prior histories of hospitalization and concomitant use of several medicines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteome analysis of mitochondrial outer membrane from Neurospora crassa
Authors: Schmitt Simone , Prokisch Holger , Schlunck Tilman , Camp David G. , Ahting Uwe , Waizenegger Thomas , Scharfe Curt , Meitinger Thomas , Imhof Axel , Neupert Walter , Oefner Peter J. , Rapaport Doron 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe mitochondrial outer membrane mediates numerous interactions between the metabolic and genetic systems of mitochondria and the rest of the eukaryotic cell. We performed a proteomic study to discover novel functions of components of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Proteins of highly pure outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from Neurospora crassa were identified by a combination of LC‐MS/MS of tryptic peptide digests and gel electrophoresis of solubilized OMV proteins, followed by their identification using MALDI‐MS PMF. Among the 30 proteins found in at least three of four separate analyses were 23 proteins with known functions in the outer membrane. These included components of the import machinery (the TOM and TOB complexes), a pore‐forming component (porin), and proteins that control fusion and fission of the organelle. In addition, proteins playing a role in various biosynthetic pathways, whose intracellular location had not been established previously, could be localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Thus, the proteome of the outer membrane can help in identifying new mitochondria‐related functions.
Immobilization of diverse foreign proteins in viral polyhedra and potential application for protein microarrays
Authors: Ikeda Keiko , Nakazawa Hiroshi , Shimo‐Oka Ai , Ishio Kaoru , Miyata Seiji , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Matsumura Satoshi , Masuhara Hiroshi , Belloncik Serge , Alain Robert , Goshima Naoki , Nomura Nobuo , Morigaki Kenichi , Kawai Atsushi , Kuroita Toshihiro , Kawakami Bunsei , Endo Yaeta , Mori Hajime 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCypoviruses are insect viruses that produce a cytoplasmic crystalline particle called the polyhedron in which progeny virions are occluded. The virion structural protein, VP3, is implicated in the occlusion of viral particles into polyhedra. In this study, we determined the amino acid sequence of VP3 required for occlusion of viral particles into polyhedra and proposed that this sequence could be used as an immobilization signal to direct the stable incorporation of foreign proteins into polyhedra. A large‐scale survey revealed that the immobilization signal could, in fact, direct the incorporation of a variety of human proteins into polyhedra. Immune reactivity and protein–protein interactions were detected on the surface of polyhedra containing immobilized foreign proteins, and these particles were shown to be highly stabilized against dehydration. We showed that these particles could be arrayed onto a glass slide by standard spotting and laser manipulation methods. Thus, this approach is well suited for protein expression, purification, and the development of protein microarrays.
Proteome analysis of chick embryonic cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Parada Carolina , Gato Angel , Aparicio Mariano , Bueno David 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDuring early stages of embryo development, the brain cavity is filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E‐CSF), a complex fluid containing different protein fractions that contributes to the regulation of the survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of the neuroectodermal stem cells. Using 2‐DE, protein sequencing and database searches, we identified and analyzed the proteome of the E‐CSF from chick embryos (Gallus gallus). We identified 26 different gene products, including proteins related to the extracellular matrix, proteins associated with the regulation of osmotic pressure and metal transport, proteins related to cell survival, MAP kinase activators, proteins involved in the transport of retinol and vitamin D, antioxidant and antimicrobial proteins, intracellular proteins and some unknown proteins. Most of these gene products are involved in the regulation of developmental processes during embryogenesis in systems other than E‐CSF. Interestingly, 14 of them are also present in adult human CSF proteome, and it has been reported that they are altered in the CSF of patients suffering neurodegenerative diseases and/or neurological disorders. Understanding these molecules and the mechanisms they control during embryonic neurogenesis is a key contribution to the general understanding of CNS development, and may also contribute to greater knowledge of these human diseases.
Towards the proteome of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111: Setting up a 2‐DE reference map
Authors: Riedel Kathrin , Carranza Paula , Gehrig Peter , Potthast Frank , Eberl Leo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPolyphasic‐taxonomic studies of the past decade have shown that the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises at least nine species, which share a high degree of 16S rDNA (98–100%) sequence similarity but only moderate levels of DNA‐DNA hybridization. Members of the Bcc are well known as opportunistic pathogens of plants, animals and humans but also as biocontrol and bioremediation agents. In this study intra‐, surface‐associated and extracellular proteins of B. cenocepacia H111, which was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient, were examined by 2‐DE coupled to MALDI‐TOF MS. MS and MS/MS data were searched against a database comprising all currently available annotated proteins of genetically closely related strains. In total 642 proteins spots were successfully identified corresponding to 390 different protein species, which were classified into functional categories. The majority of these proteins could be linked to housekeeping functions in energy production, amino acid metabolism, protein folding, post‐translational modification and turnover, and translation. Noteworthy is the fact that a significant number of truly secreted and membrane proteins were identified in the extracellular and surface‐associated sub‐proteomes. This indicates that the pre‐fractionation protocol used in this study is a highly valuable strategy for unravelling the cellular location of the identified proteins.
Fibrinogen fragment D is necessary and sufficient to anchor a surface plasminogen‐activating complex in Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Hess Jennifer L. , Boyle Michael D. P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this study, the importance of different domains of the fibrinogen molecule in the binding and assembly of a surface plasminogen (plgn) activator has been analyzed. This was achieved using SELDI technology that enabled dissociation of bound fragments from intact bacteria and accurate distinction between fibrinogen fragments based on their molecular mass. These studies indicate that Streptococcus pyogenes binds directly to human fibrinogen fragment D but not fragment E. The predominant surface proteins binding to fragment D were associated with the mrp gene product. Surface‐associated fibrinogen fragment D was capable of anchoring a functional surface plgn activator complex. Taken together, these data indicated that fragment D of fibrinogen is necessary and sufficient to anchor a plgn activator complex on the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes.
Detergent‐free caveolae proteome suggests an interaction with ER and mitochondria
Authors: McMahon Kerrie‐Ann , Zhu Meifang , Kwon Sung Won , Liu Pingsheng , Zhao Yingming , Anderson Richard G. W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecent proteomic studies of detergent resistant membrane fractions have begun to characterize the protein composition of caveolae and lipid rafts. The methods used in most of these studies, however, are not able to distinguish between plasma membrane and internal membrane lipid domains. Here we used a non‐detergent method for obtaining fractions enriched in caveolae derived from the plasma membrane of multiple cell types. Unexpectedly, the proteins in the caveolae proteome suggest these lipid domains may interact with elements of ER and mitochondria. A comparison of the partial proteome we obtained with other published reports identifies 26 proteins that are candidate marker proteins for identifying caveolae in multiple cell types.
Propylene polymerization with nickel–diimine complexes containing pseudohalides
Authors: Dias Marcos L. , da Silva Luciana P. , Crossetti Geraldo L. , Galland Griselda B. , Filgueiras Carlos A. L. , Ziglio Cláudio M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDADNiX2 nickel–diimine complexes [DAD = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3NC(Me)C(Me)N2,6‐iPr2C6H3] containing nonchelating pseudohalide ligands [X = isothiocyanate (NCS) for complex 1 and isoselenocyanate (NCSe) for complex 2] were synthesized, and the propylene polymerization with these complexes and also with the Br ligand (X = Br for complex 3) activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) were investigated (systems 1, 2, and 3/MAO). The polypropylenes obtained with systems 1, 2, and 3 were amorphous polymers and had high molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Catalyst system 1 showed a relatively high activity even at a low Al/Ni ratio and reached the maximum activity at the molar ratio of Al/Ni = 500, unlike system 3. Increases in the reaction temperature and propylene pressure favored an increase in the catalytic activity. The spectra of polypropylenes looked like those of propylene–ethylene copolymers containing syndiotactic propylene and ethylene sequences. At the same temperature and pressure, system 2 presented the highest number of propylene sequences, and system 3 presented the lowest. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 458–466, 2006
Comparative study of classical surfactants and polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) in the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mediated miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate
Authors: Matahwa H. , McLeary J. B. , Sanderson R. D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCationic and anionic amphiphilic monomers (surfmers) were synthesized and used to stabilize particles in miniemulsion polymerization. A comparative study of classical cationic and anionic surfactants and the two surfmers was conducted with respect to the reaction rates and molecular weight distributions of the formed polymers. The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process was used in the miniemulsion polymerization reactions to control the molecular weight distribution. The reaction rates of the surfmer‐stabilized miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate were similar (in most cases) to those of the classical‐surfactant‐stabilized miniemulsion polymerizations. The final particle sizes were also similar for polystyrene latexes stabilized by the surfmers and classical surfactants. However, poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes stabilized by the surfmers had larger particle sizes than latexes stabilized by classical surfactants. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 427–442, 2006