bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Assessment of Mobile Laser Scanning Systems Using Velodyne Hdl-32e
Authors: Alsadik Bashar 
Published: March 2024

Mapping systems using multi-beam LiDARs are widely used nowadays for different geospatial applications graduating from indoor projects to outdoor city-wide projects. These mobile mapping systems can be either ground-based or aerial-based systems and are mostly equipped with inertial navigation systems INS. The Velodyne HDL-32 LiDAR is a well-known 360° spinning multi-beam laser scanner that is widely used in outdoor and indoor mobile mapping systems. The performance of such LiDARs is an ongoing research topic which is quite important for the quality assurance and quality control topic. The performance of this LiDAR type is correlated to many factors either related to the device itself or the design of the mobile mapping system. Regarding design, most of the mapping systems are equipped with a single Velodyne HDL32 in a specific orientation angle which is different among the mapping systems manufacturers. The LiDAR orientation angle has a significant impact on the performance in terms of the density and coverage of the produced point clouds. Furthermore, during the lifetime of this multi-beam LiDAR, one or more beams may be defected and then either continue the production or returned to the manufacturer to be fixed which then cost time and money. In this paper, the design impact analysis of a mobile laser scanning (MLS) system equipped with a single Velodyne HDL-32E will be clarified and a clear relationship is given between the orientation angle of the LiDAR and the output density of points. The ideal angular orientation of a single Velodyne HDL-32E is found to be at 35° in a mobile mapping system. Furthermore, we investigated the degradation of points density when one of the 32 beams is defected and quantified the density loss percentage and to the best of our knowledge, this is not presented in literature before. It is found that a maximum of about 8% point density loss occurs on the ground and 4% on the facades when having a defected beam of the Velodyne HDL-32E.
Super-Earth LHS3844b is Tidally Locked
Authors: Lyu Xintong , Koll Daniel D. B. , Cowan Nicolas B. , Hu Renyu , Kreidberg Laura , Rose Brian E. J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Short-period exoplanets on circular orbits are thought to be tidally locked into synchronous rotation. If tidally locked, these planets must possess permanent day- and night-sides, with extreme irradiation on the dayside and none on the nightside. However, so far the tidal locking hypothesis for exoplanets is supported by little to no empirical evidence. Previous work showed that the super-Earth LHS 3844b likely has no atmosphere, which makes it ideal for constraining the planet’s rotation. Here we revisit the Spitzer phase curve of LHS 3844b with a thermal model of an atmosphere-less planet and analyze the impact of nonsynchronous rotation, eccentricity, tidal dissipation, and surface composition. Based on the lack of observed strong tidal heating we rule out rapid nonsynchronous rotation (including a Mercury-like 3:2 spin–orbit resonance) and constrain the planet's eccentricity to less than ∼0.001 (more circular than Io's orbit). In addition, LHS 3844b’s phase curve implies that the planet either still experiences weak tidal heating via a small-but-nonzero eccentricity (requiring an undetected orbital companion), or that its surface has been darkened by space weathering; of these two scenarios we consider space weathering more likely. Our results thus support the hypothesis that short-period rocky exoplanets are tidally locked, and further show that space weathering can significantly modify the surfaces of atmosphere-less exoplanets.
Modelling Time-dependent Convective Penetration in 1D Stellar Evolution
Authors: Johnston Cole , Michielsen Mathias , Anders Evan H. , Renzo Mathieu , Cantiello Matteo , Marchant P. , Goldberg Jared A. , Townsend Richard H. D. , Sabhahit Gautham , Jermyn Adam S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One-dimensional stellar evolution calculations produce uncertain predictions for quantities like the age, core mass, core compactness, and nucleosynthetic yields; a key source of uncertainty is the modeling of interfaces between regions that are convectively stable and those that are not. Theoretical and numerical work has demonstrated that there should be numerous processes adjacent to the convective boundary that induce chemical and angular momentum transport, as well as modify the thermal structure of the star. One such process is called convective penetration, wherein vigorous convection extends beyond the nominal convective boundary and alters both the composition and thermal structure. In this work, we incorporate the process of convective penetration in stellar evolution calculations using the stellar evolution software instrument mesa. We implement convective penetration according to the description presented by Anders et al. to to calculate a grid of models from the pre-main sequence to helium core depletion. The extent of the convective penetration zone is self-consistently calculated at each time step without introducing new free parameters. We find both a substantial penetration zone in all models with a convective core and observable differences to global stellar properties such as the luminosity and radius. We present how the predicted radial extent of the penetration zone scales with the total stellar mass, age, and metallicity of the star. We discuss our results in the context of existing numerical and observational studies.
Black Hole Activity Imprints on the Internal Plateau and the Subsequent Sharp Decay
Authors: Zheng Tian-Ci , Wei Da-Ming , Wang Yun , Zhou Hao , Li Long 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A stellar-mass black hole (BH) or a millisecond magnetar is believed to be born as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The presence of plateaus in the X-ray extended emission or afterglow of GRBs is widely accepted as an indicator of a magnetar central engine, particularly those with a sharp decay (faster than t
−3), the so-called internal plateau. However, an alternative model, by taking the evolution of the magnetic flux at the BH horizon into account, suggests that an internal plateau can also arise from a jet powered by the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism (hereafter, a BZ jet). In this study, we propose that a precessional BZ jet would manifest a quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) signature on the internal plateau and the subsequent sharp decay. Such lightcurves cannot be readily explained by the activity of a short-lived, supermassive magnetar, thus favoring a Kerr BH as the central engine. The X-ray afterglow of GRB 050904, comprising nine flares, is characterized by a QPO-modulated plateau and sharp decay, which can be well reproduced by a precessional BZ jet model. Therefore, one potential clue for distinguishing between these two engines lies in whether the QPO signature is present throughout the entire plateau and the subsequent sharp decay, as the magnetar scenario suggests a collapse at the end of the plateau.
MIRI MRS Observations of β Pictoris. I. The Inner Dust, the Planet, and the Gas
Authors: Worthen Kadin , Chen Christine H. , Law David R. , Lu Cicero X. , Hoch Kielan , Chai Yiwei , Sloan G. C. , Sargent B. A. , Kammerer Jens , Hines Dean C. , Rebollido Isabel , Balmer William , Perrin Marshall D. , Watson Dan M. , Pueyo Laurent , Girard Julien H. , Lisse Carey M. , Stark Christopher C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present JWST MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) observations of the β Pictoris system. We detect an infrared excess from the central unresolved point source from 5 to 7.5 μm which is indicative of dust within the inner ∼7 au of the system. We perform point-spread function (PSF) subtraction on the MRS data cubes and detect a spatially resolved dust population emitting at 5 μm. This spatially resolved hot dust population is best explained if the dust grains are in the small grain limit (2πa ≪ λ). The combination of unresolved and resolved dust at 5 μm could suggest that dust grains are being produced in the inner few astronomical units of the system and are then radiatively driven outwards, where the particles could accrete onto the known planets in the system, β Pictoris b and c. We also report the detection of an emission line at 6.986 μm that we attribute to [Ar ii]. We find that the [Ar ii] emission is spatially resolved with JWST and appears to be aligned with the dust disk. Through PSF-subtraction techniques, we detect β Pictoris b at the 5σ level in our MRS data cubes and present the first mid-infrared spectrum of the planet from 5 to 7 μm. The planet’s spectrum is consistent with having absorption from water vapor between 5 and 6.5 μm. We perform atmosphere model grid fitting of the spectra and photometry of β Pictoris b and find that the planet’s atmosphere likely has a substellar C/O ratio.
Intensive Swift and LCO Monitoring of PG 1302–102: Active Galactic Nucleus Disk Reverberation Mapping of a Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate
Authors: Liu Tingting , Edelson Rick , Hernández Santisteban Juan V. , Kara Erin , Montano John , Gelbord Jonathan , Horne Keith , Barth Aaron J. , Cackett Edward M. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present an intensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign of the quasar PG 1302−102 with Swift and the Las Cumbres Observatory network telescopes. At z ∼ 0.3, it tests the limits of the reverberation mapping (RM) technique in probing the accretion disk around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and extends the parameter space to high masses and high accretion rates. This is also the first time the RM technique has been applied to test disk structures predicted in the SMBH binary model that has been suggested for this source. PG 1302−102 was observed at a ∼daily cadence for ∼9 months in 14 bands spanning from X-ray to UV and optical wavelengths, and it shows moderate to significant levels of variability correlated between wavelengths. We measure the interband time lags, which are consistent with a τ ∝ λ
4/3 relation as expected from standard disk reprocessing, albeit with large uncertainties. The disk size implied by the lag spectrum is consistent with the expected disk size for its black hole mass within uncertainties. While the source resembles other reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei in many respects, and we do not find evidence supporting the prevalent hypothesis that it hosts an SMBH binary, we demonstrate the feasibility of studying SMBH binaries from this novel angle and suggest possibilities for the LSST Deep Drilling Fields.
An Estimate of the Binary Star Fraction among Young Stars at the Galactic Center: Possible Evidence of a Radial Dependence
Authors: Gautam Abhimat K. , Do Tuan , Ghez Andrea M. , Chu Devin S. , Hosek Matthew W. , Sakai Shoko , Naoz Smadar , Morris Mark R. , Ciurlo Anna , Haggard Zoë , Lu Jessica R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present the first estimate of the intrinsic binary fraction of young stars across the central ≈0.4 pc surrounding the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the Milky Way Galactic center (GC). This experiment searched for photometric variability in 102 spectroscopically confirmed young stars, using 119 nights of 10″ wide adaptive optics imaging observations taken at W. M. Keck Observatory over 16 yr in the

K
′

-[2.1 μm] and H-[1.6 μm] bands. We photometrically detected three binary stars, all of which are situated more than 1″ (0.04 pc) from the SMBH and one of which, S2-36, is newly reported here with spectroscopic confirmation. All are contact binaries or have photometric variability originating from stellar irradiation. To convert the observed binary fraction into an estimate of the underlying binary fraction, we determined the experimental sensitivity through detailed light-curve simulations, incorporating photometric effects of eclipses, irradiation, and tidal distortion in binaries. The simulations assumed a population of young binaries, with stellar ages (4 Myr) and masses matched to the most probable values measured for the GC young star population, and underlying binary system parameters (periods, mass ratios, and eccentricities) similar to those of local massive stars. As might be expected, our experimental sensitivity decreases for eclipses narrower in phase. The detections and simulations imply that the young, massive stars in the GC have a stellar binary fraction ≥71% (68% confidence), or ≥42% (95% confidence). This inferred GC young star binary fraction is consistent with that typically seen in young stellar populations in the solar neighborhood. Furthermore, our measured binary fraction is significantly higher than that recently reported by Chu et al. based on radial velocity measurements for stars ≲1″ of the SMBH. Constrained with these two studies, the probability that the same underlying young star binary fraction extends across the entire region is <1.4%. This tension provides support for a radial dependence of the binary star fraction, and therefore, for the dynamical predictions of binary merger and evaporation events close to the SMBH.
Investigating Performance Trends of Simulated Real-time Solar Flare Predictions: The Impacts of Training Windows, Data Volumes, and the Solar Cycle
Authors: Goodwin Griffin T. , Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Martens Petrus C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explores the behavior of machine-learning-based flare forecasting models deployed in a simulated operational environment. Using Georgia State University’s Space Weather Analytics for Solar Flares benchmark data set, we examine the impacts of training methodology and the solar cycle on decision tree, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron performance. We implement our classifiers using three temporal training windows: stationary, rolling, and expanding. The stationary window trains models using a single set of data available before the first forecasting instance, which remains constant throughout the solar cycle. The rolling window trains models using data from a constant time interval before the forecasting instance, which moves with the solar cycle. Finally, the expanding window trains models using all available data before the forecasting instance. For each window, a number of input features (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 120) and temporal sizes (5, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20 months) were tested. To our surprise, we found that, for a window of 20 months, skill scores were comparable regardless of the window type, feature count, and classifier selected. Furthermore, reducing the size of this window only marginally decreased stationary and rolling window performance. This implies that, given enough data, a stationary window can be chosen over other window types, eliminating the need for model retraining. Finally, a moderately strong positive correlation was found to exist between a model’s false-positive rate and the solar X-ray background flux. This suggests that the solar cycle phase has a considerable influence on forecasting.
On the Transition Stage of Pulsar Pulsed Radio Emission and Its Potential Association with Radio Pulsar Nulling
Authors: Du Shuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While the precise mechanism of generating pulsed coherent radio emission from pulsars remains elusive, certain gap-invoking models (especially, the inner gap model) offer a comprehensive and plausible explanation for the genesis and termination of such emissions. However, the transition stage between the period of persistent radio emission and the period of radio-quiet emission remains poorly understood, despite observations indicating that a radio pulsar in the pulse-nulling state is undergoing the transition stage. In this study, we present a qualitative explanation for the elusive transition stage by modeling pulsar magnetospheres analytically as equivalent resistive–capacitive circuits based on the inner gap model. Our result indicates that, due to lengthy spin-down, older radio pulsars will gradually shift from the state of persistent radio emission to a certain type of pulse-nulling state by delayed sparks within their inner gaps.
Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia III: dry habitats of Cabo Verde Archipelago (São Vicente and Santo Antão)
Authors: Crespo Luís Carlos , Cardoso Pedro , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Pereira Fernando , Romeiras Maria , Ros-Prieto Alejandra , Rigal François , Borges Paulo 
Published: March 2024

With this publication, we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of Cabo Verde, focusing specifically on the Islands of Santo Antão and São Vicente. Data were obtained from samples collected as part of the project "Macaronesian Islands as a testing ground to assess biodiversity drivers at multiple scales" (FCT - MACDIV, 2015-2018). This project aimed to identify the factors influencing community assembly in Macaronesian islands. For the Cabo Verde Islands, we focused on dry habitats with the additional aim to revise the aracnofauna of this poorly-known fauna. We applied the COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) sampling protocol in ten 50 m x 50 m dry shrub plots, with five on each of the two islands, using pitfall traps, sweep-netting and active search. Additional ad-hoc samples were also collected and reported.
Our sampling of spiders from Cabo Verde (Santo Antão and São Vicente) yielded a total of 3,368 specimens, of which 1300 (39%) were adults. The samples include 21 families, 87 species, 18 of which are morphospecies awaiting formal identification or description at species level. Species in the families Oxyopidae (2 spp.) and Araneidae (8 spp.) were the most abundant, making up 49% of the specimens. From the 68 named species, 14 are endemic to Cabo Verde, 40 are native non-endemic and 14 are introduced. The colonisation status of Cithaeron reimoseri Platnick, 1991 is unknown. Endemic species accounted for 24% (n = 818) of the specimens and native non-endemic for 63% (n = 2122). A total of 29 species were new records for Cabo Verde, with 15 for Santo Antão, seven for São Vicente and seven for both Islands.
Familles victimes de la violence dans des contextes militarisés à Rio de Janeiro. Genre, race et territoire dans une perspective anticoloniale
Authors: Farias Juliana 
Published: March 2024

Dans cet article, je partage les leçons tirées de mes expériences de recherche avec les membres des familles de victimes de la violence d’État dans les favelas de Rio de Janeiro et les organisations féministes et antiracistes régionales, en développant une réflexion basée sur deux lignes d’argumentation complémentaires : 1) le refus de quantifier les violations et 2) le refus de hiérarchiser la violence. Les technologies gouvernementales qui laissent des traces spécifiques en fonction de la race, du genre et du territoire sont analysées. Le cadre « théorico-analytique » du débat est construit à partir du champ des études sur le genre, la sexualité et la violence, à travers lequel il est possible de comprendre les processus de féminisation du territoire des favelas et la territorialisation de la violence genrée et raciale dans des contextes militarisés.
L’impossible résistance : un parcours féministe au sein de l’Université américaine au Texas
Authors: Sanos Sandrine 
Published: March 2024

Cet article examine les contradictions inhérentes au dispositif réglementaire encadrant les discriminations de genre et les violences sexuelles et sexistes dans l’enseignement supérieur états-unien. À partir d’un cas de recours pour harcèlement sexuel, qui a lieu dans le contexte politique du Texas, au sein d’une université publique et régionale, notre analyse met l’accent sur des stratégies de contournement nécessaires pour faire face à une culture dominante qui euphémise ces actes et en invisibilise les logiques et les effets. Comment, dans le contexte d’une priorité accordée à l’ordre dominant de race, de classe et de genre ainsi qu’à une rationalité économique et gestionnaire, dénoncer les violences de genre et les situations d’abus ? Comment ouvrir des espaces d’agentivité collective et mettre fin aux situations systémiques de continuum de violences de genre ?
EASA Expert Group: Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics in Arts and Culture (STEMAC)
Authors: Liritzis Ioannis 
Published: March 2024

Conceptualization of STEMAC and Academy's commitments.

Contributing Members of the Expert Group:Prof. Klaus Mainzer, I; Prof. Zsolt Lavicza, IV; Prof. Kristof Fenyvesi, III; Prof. Violeta Dinescu, III; Prof. Sergio Orlandi, VI; Prof. Hui Yu, III; Prof. Livia Teodorescou-Ciocanea, III; Dr Marios Ioannou Elias, III; Prof Michael Cosmopoulos, I; Prof Tom Levy, I; Prof. David Devraj Kumar, IV; Prof. Wolfgang Mastnak, III; Prof. Riccardo Pozzo, I; Prof Tassos Bountis, IV; Prof. Fernando Feliu-Moggi, I; Prof. Niki Evelpidou; Prof. Dominik Lengyel, III.
Diagnostic Value of Dermoscopic Structures in Predicting Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Skin of Color
Authors: Khalili Maryam , Mirahmadi Sare , Shamsimeymandi Simin , Dabiri Shahriar , Amiri Rezvan , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh , Aflatoonian Mahin 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) manifests different dermoscopic patterns in individuals with dark skin complexion compared to those with fair skin types. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of dermoscopy in discerning superficial BCC from other types of BCC, specifically in patients with dark skin complexion.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study focuses on patients diagnosed with BCC who were referred for skin biopsy between July 2020 and September 2022. Initially, the demographic characteristics of patients, clinical attributes of lesions, and pathological sub-types of BCC were documented. Subsequently, videodermoscopy was employed to capture comprehensive views and dermoscopic images of the lesions. Univariate logistic regression analysis was then utilized to assess the reliability of dermoscopic structures in distinguishing superficial BCC from other BCC types. Last, the study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of dermoscopy in the differentiation of superficial BCC from other BCC sub-types.

Results:
The study enrolled 49 patients diagnosed with BCC, with a mean age of 66.22 ± 10.41 years. The most prevalent pathological sub-type observed was nodular (53.1%). Dermoscopy exhibited a higher specificity compared to the naked eye in the differentiation of superficial BCC from other types (55% vs. 35%, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between spoke-wheel structures and superficial BCC (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 7.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–38.32).

Conclusion:
Dermoscopy exhibited superior specificity compared to the naked eye in differentiating superficial BCC from other BCC types. Notably, the spoke-wheel structure demonstrated the most robust correlation with superficial BCC.