bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Mono- and Dicarbonylation of Terminal Olefins Catalyzed by Pd–C in the Presence of Cu(II) or Cu(I) Chloride under Mild Conditions
Authors: Inomata Katsuhiko , Toda Shiho , Kinoshita Hideki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Pd–C can catalyze the carbonylation of terminal olefins with normal pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature. The corresponding mono- and diesters (succinates) were selectively formed in excellent yields using Cu(II) and Cu(I) chloride, respectively, in alcohol.
Discrimination of Drinks with a Novel Sensing System Detecting Electrochemical Nonlinearity
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Yoshikawa Kenichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
We propose a novel strategy for the development of a chemical sensor based on the information of electrochemical nonlinearity. A sinusoidal voltage is applied to a test solution and the resulting output current is analyzed by the Fast Fourier transformation (FFT). From the higher harmonic components in the FFT, voltage dependences of both capacitance and conductance are evaluated. This method may become a powerful analytical tool with the selection of suitable metal electrodes.
Optically Active Organometallic Complexes of Heptafulvalene and 1,2-Homoheptafulvalene
Authors: Morita Noboru , Ito Shunji , Asao Toyonobu , Sotokawa Hideo , Hatano Masahiro , Tajiri Akio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Racemic and/or optically active 7-methyltropone-Fe(CO)3, tropone-Cr(CO)3, and endo- and exo-homotropone-Fe(CO)3 reacted with 8-oxoheptafulvene to afford the corresponding racemic and/or optically active heptafulvalene metal complexes, respectively. Endo- and exo-homoheptafulvalene-Fe(CO)3 reacted with TCNE to give [2+4]π and [2+8]π cycloadducts, respectively.
Fatigue-resistant Photochromic Hemithioindigoes
Authors: Ichimura Kunihiro , Seki Takahiro , Tamaki Takashi , Yamaguchi Takeo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The hemithioindigo derivatives have been found to show satisfactory photoresponses even after more than 104 cycles of alternate irradiation with the lights which can induce a Z–E isomerization.
Ene Reaction of Allenyl Sulfides with Aldehydes and Schiffs Bases Catalyzed by Lewis Acids
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Shibata Takanori , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Ene reaction proceeds between α-alkylallenyl sulfides and enophiles such as aldehydes and Schiffs bases in the presence of Lewis acid to afford various 1,3-dienes.
Novel Synthesis of (2S, 3R, 4S)-4-Amino-5-cyclohexyl-1-morpholino-2,3-pentanediol and (2S, 3R, 4S)-2-Amino-1-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-3,4-heptanediol, the C-Terminal Components of Renin Inhibitors
Authors: Kobayashi Yuko , Nakatani Kazuhiko , Ito Yoshio , Terashima Shiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The title synthesis could be accomplished in a highly stereo- and regioselective manner by employing epoxide formation with inversion of configuration followed by epoxide opening with a nucleophile.
On the Reaction Pathway and Stereochemistry of Allylic Tin Reagents-Benzaldehyde Condensation. A Substituent Effect Study
Authors: Yamataka Hiroshi , Nishikawa Kazuyoshi , Hanafusa Terukiyo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A substituent effect study on the reactivity and steneoselectivity of the Lewis acid mediated addition of allyl- and crotylstannanes to arylaldehydes indicates that the reaction proceeds via a polar antiperiplanar transition state with the exception of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde, for which a cyclic pathway competes with the open pathway.
A Convenient Electrochemical Method for Conversion of 4-Haloacetophenone to 1-(4-Halophenyl)ethanol
Authors: Ikeda Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of Sb(III), 4-fluoro-, 4-chloro-, 4-bromo-, and 4-iodoacetophenone were converted into the corresponding 1-(4-halophenyl)ethanols by an electrochemical method (−3.7 mA/cm2, 6F/mol, Pb cathode). Each alcohol yielded 91, 94, 98, and 94%, respectively.
Reactions of 4-Siloxy-1-benzopyrylium Salts with Allylsilane and Allylstannane Reagents
Authors: Ohkata Katsuo , Ishimaru Kenji , Lee Yong-gyun , Akiba Kin-ya 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The reactions of allylstannanes with 4-siloxy-1-benzopyrylium salts gave the corresponding allylated derivatives more smoothly than allylsilanes. Similar reactions with 3-trimethylsilyl-1-butene afforded unexpected five-membered ring adducts in 87% and 37% yields, respectively.
Linear Chain Compounds of Molybdenum(II) Acetate Dimer Linked by Linear-bidentate Ligands, Pyrazine, 4,4′-Bipyridine, and 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Authors: Handa Makoto , Kasamatsu Kenichi , Kasuga Kuninobu , Mikuriya Masahiro , Fujii Toshinori 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Linear chain compounds, [Mo2(O2CCH3)4·L]n (L = pyrazine, 4,4′-bipyridine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) have been prepared and characterized. The linear chain structure of alternating MO2(O2CCH3)4 units and bridging ligands L was confirmed by an X-ray structural analysis of the bpy complex.
Influence of Light Intensity on Photoe1ectroreduction of CO2 at a p-GaP Photocathode
Authors: Noda Hidetomo , Yamamoto Akio , Ikeda Shoichiro , Maeda Masunobu , Ito Kaname 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The influence of the light intensity on the photoelectroreduction of CO2 was investigated at a p-GaP photocathode in 0.1 mol dm−3 KHCO3 aqueous solution. The faradaic efficiencies for the formation of HCOO− and H2 were strongly affected by the light intensity. The maximum faradaic efficiency for HCOO− production was close on 70%. A mechanism of variation of the efficiencies with light intensity was discussed.
Regioreversed Allylation in Lewis Acid-mediated and Photochemical Addition Reactions of Unsymmetric α-Diketones with Allylic Stannanes
Authors: Takuwa Akio , Nishigaichi Yutaka , Yamashita Koichi , Iwamoto Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the photochemical reaction of allyl- and benzyltrimethylstannanes with unsymmetric α-diketones (PhCOCOR), the allylic group was introduced to the benzoyl carbon in high or excellent selectivity, whereas the acyl carbon was allylated either exclusively or predominantly under BF3-mediated reaction.
Enantioselective Catalysis by Artificial Tryptophan Synthase Formed with Functionalized Bilayer Membrane
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Hisaeda Yoshio , Nakamura Koichiro , Kikuchi Jun-ichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A functionalized bilayer membrane, composed of a cationic peptide lipid having a L-histidyl residue, a hydrophobia pyridoxal derivative, and copper(II) ions, catalyzed the β-replacement reaction of serine with indole to afford tryptophan in a significant enantiomeric excess of the D-isomer.
Separation of Some Metal Thiothenoyltrifluoroacetonates and Their Pyridine Base Adducts by Reversed Phase HPLC
Authors: Tsunoda Kin-ichi , Sekiguchi Ryu-ichi , Akaiwa Hideo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Separated were 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-mercapto-4-(2-thienyl)-3-butene-2-one (thiothenoyltrifluoroacetone, STTA) chelates of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co3+ by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The elution of the STTA chelates of Cd2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ was delayed by the addition of pyridine, α-picoline, or γ-picoline, indicating the formation of the adducts.
CP/MAS 13C-NMR Studies on the Structure of Bacteriochlorophyll c in Chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus
Authors: Nozawa Tsunenori , Suzuki Manabu , Kanno Syuichi , Shirai Syu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
High resolution solid state NMR spectra have been obtained for chlorosomes by suitable choice of observation conditions, and their comparison with those of monomeric and oligomeric solid BChl c showed the presence of a hydrogen bond between the 9-carbonyl group, and the 2a-hydroxyl group.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of a Basic Skeleton of Amaryllidaceae Montanine-type Alkaloids, (±)-4a,11a-cis-11,11a-syn-5,11-Methanomorphanthridine Ring System
Authors: Hoshino Osamu , Ishizaki Miyuki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A title compound was synthesized by reductive cyclization of 4a,11a-cis-11,11a-syn-11-acetoxymethyl-N-p-tosylmorphanthridine or N-detosylated alcohol derived from a hydroxymethyl-p-tosylamide prepared by hydroboration-oxidation of cis-1-(p-to-sylamido)-2-vinylcyclohexane derivative.
Cryptoacetalide and Epicryptoacetalide, Novel Spirolactone Diterpenoids from Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Asari Fumika , Kusumi Takenori , Zheng Guo-Zhi , Cen Ying-Zhou , Kakisawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Two novel spirolactone diterpenoids have been isolated from the roots of Chinese medicinal plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means including 2D-NMR methods.
Reactions of Dimethylsilyl Ferrocenes with Some Transition Metal Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Kotani Sonae , Tanizawa Tsuneyoshi , Shiina Kyo , Sonogashira Kenkichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Treatment of dimethylsilylferrocene (1) and 1,1′-bis(dimethylsilyl)ferrocene (2) with dicobaltoctacarbonyl affords the complexes containing the Si–Co σ-bond stabilized with a ferrocenyl group. The reactions of 1 or 2 with ironpentacarbonyl and trirutheniumdodecacarbonyl give the ferrocenyl derivatives bridged with Si–M–Si (M = Fe or Ru) sequences inter- or intramolecularly.
Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Carotenoid-linked Porphyrins
Authors: Osuka Atsuhiro , Yamada Hiroko , Maruyama Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Carotenoid-linked porphyrin compounds were synthesized in acceptable to good yields (15–94%) by the acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrrylmethane and carotenoid-linked aryl aldehyde. Comparison of the absorption spectra with fluorescence excitation spectra indicated the efficient intramolecular singlet energy transfer from the carotenoid to the porphyrin.
Effects of Si–Si σ-Bonds on Stability of Adjacent Benzylic Cations
Authors: Shimizu Nobujiro , Kinoshita Chieko , Osajima Erika , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Solvolytic formation of α-pentamethyldisilanylbenzyl cation is about 7 kcal/mol energetically more favorable than that of α-trimethylsilylbenzyl cation from the corresponding bromides in 97% TFE.
XPS Determination of the Surface Composition of Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalysts
Authors: Okuhara Toshio , Nakama Tetsuya , Misono Makoto 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The surface P/V ratios of vanadyl pyrophosphates ((VO)2P2O7), which were selective catalysts for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride, were determined to be close to that of the bulk (P/V = 1) by XPS using V–P–O glasses as standard materials.
Syntheses and Spectroelectrochemistry of 2-Cyanobipyridinium Derivatives
Authors: Saika Tetsuyuki , Iyoda Tomokazu , Shimidzu Takeo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Novel 2-cyanoviologen derivatives having highly anodically shifted reduction potentials were synthesized. The colors of their cation radicals showed a variety of colors as same as those of corresponding viologen derivatives.
Amphiphilic Tailor-made Proteins as Novel Chiral Hosts
Authors: Morii Hisayuki , Ichimura Kunihiro , Uedaira Hatsuho 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
We have designed and synthesized the proteins made up of several amphiphilic helices and the mobile linkage parts. They were proved to serve as host molecules providing hydrophobic inclusion sites. Induced circular dichroism spectra of the protein–acridine orange derivative systems were observed, which suggests the induction of asymmetric structure of the dye.
Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals. A Novel Mesogen Incorporating Nonmesogenic 4,4′-Bipyridine through Selective Recognition between Hydrogen Bonding Donor and Acceptor
Authors: Kato Takashi , Wilson Paul G , Fujishima Akira , Fréchet Jean M J 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Selective recognition between a benzoic acid derivative and nonmesogenic 4,4′-bibyridine through intermolecular hydrogen bonds results in a novel molecular structure with liquid crystalline properties, in which 4,4′-bipyridine functions as a core unit.
Proton-Pumping by Purple Membrane in Combined Multilayers with a Phthalocyanine Derivative
Authors: Ogawa Kimiya , Kinoshita Sho-ichi , Nakahara Hiroo , Fukuda Kiyoshige 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Combined multilayers of purple membrane and octa-n-butoxyphthalocyanine as a pH sensitive dye were prepared by horizontal lifting method. The photo-induced proton-pumping activity of bacteriorhodopsin was observed by change of absorption spectra of the multilayers in water, and the one-way transport of proton was confirmed.
Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate Catalyzed by p-Terphenyl in Aprotic Polar Solvent
Authors: Matsuoka Shinjiro , Kohzuki Takao , Pac Chyongjin , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Photoreduction of CO2 to formic acid and a small quantity of CO can be achieved in aprotic polar solvent by using p-terphenyl as catalyst and triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor under &gt;290-nm irradiation.
A Novel Deselenation in the Reaction of Selenoamides with Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Sekiguchi Masahito , Ogawa Akiya , Fujiwara Shin-Ichi , Ryu Ilhyong , Kambe Nobuaki , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The reaction of selenoamides with organolithium reagents proceeds in a carbophilic manner, and more interestingly, the presence of excess lithium reagents causes a novel deselenation reaction from the carbophilic adducts.
A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Tri-O-Acyl-α-D-Glucopyranose 1,2-(Orthoesters) under High Pressure
Authors: Gama Yasuo , Sasaki Makoto , Yasumoto Masahiko , Ishigami Yutaka 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
High pressure-assisted condensation reaction of acylated glucosyl bromides with complex alcohols in the presence of diisopropylethylamine and tetrabutylammonium bromide gave the corresponding 1,2-orthoesters in good to excellent yields without using heavy metal salts.
Revisit to the Samek Rule. A Comparative Study on Lactone Configurations by Synthesis, NMR, and MM2
Authors: Tori Motoo , Yoshimura Shin , Kuroda Chiaki , Asakawa Yoshinori 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Steric energy and the conformation of nepalensolide A and frullanolide, having the cis lactones, and four types of possible model lactones as well as some synthetic compounds are calculated by MM2 and the allylic coupling constant of the exomethylenes are estimated to discuss the Samek rule.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Linear Dichroism for Elucidation of Electronic Transitions and Their Orientations in a Reaction Center Isolated from a Thermophilic Purple Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium Chromatium tepidum
Authors: Nozawa Tsunenori , Mimuro Mamoru , Kobayashi Masayuki , Tanaka Hideki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electronic transitions and orientations of pigments in reaction center complex isolated from a purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium tepidum were determined by magnetic circular dichroism and linear dichroism. They are very similar to those of non-sulfur purple bacteria, indicating a convergent nature of this complex in the photosynthetic organisms.
Baker’s Yeast Mediated Bioreduction of Prochiral Ketones Having 6-(4-Oxo-1,3-dioxinyl) Group
Authors: Sakaki Jun-ichi , Suzuki Miwako , Kobayashi Satoshi , Sato Masayuki , Kaneko Chikara 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Prochiral ketones having 6-(4-oxo-1,3-dioxinyl) group as one terminal unit by fermenting baker’s yeast gave chiral alcohols, which could be convertible to optically active hydroxyesters, β-ketoesters, and lactones.
Tris(1-phenylethylcarbamate)s of Cellulose and Amylose as Useful Chiral Stationary Phases for Chromatographic Optical Resolution
Authors: Okamoto Yoshio , Kaida Yuriko , Hayashida Hiromi , Hatada Koichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
(R)-, (S)-, and (RS)-1-phenylethylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose were synthesized and used as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. The chiral recognition abilities of the 1-phenylethyl derivatives depended greatly on the chirality of 1-phenylethyl groups. Among six derivatives, amylose tris((S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate) showed high optical resolving ability for many compounds.
Monoclonal Antibodies as Tailor-Made Hosts for Porphyrins
Authors: Harada Akira , Okamoto Kazutake , Kamachi Mikiharu , Honda Takeshi , Miwatani Toshio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin(TCPP) were prepared by immunizing Balb/c mice with TCPP bound keyhole limpet hemocyanin covalently and fusing the spleen cells with myeloma cells by using poly(ethylene glycol). The antibodies bind TCPP strongly with the dissociation constants of 10−6 − 2.5 × 10−7 M.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Linear Tetranuclear Manganese Complex with Three Different Oxidation States (II,III,IV,II)
Authors: Suzuki Masatatsu , Senda Hitoshi , Suenaga Machiko , Sugisawa Toshiharu , Uehara Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A novel linear tetranuclear manganese(II,III,IV,II) complex, was prepared, [Mn4(tpdp)2(O)2(H2O)4](ClO4)5·4H2O, where Htpdp is 1,3-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2-propanol, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray structure analysis. The complex cation consists of di(μ-oxo)dimanganese(III,IV) mixed valent unit to which two manganese(II) ions are linked by the alkoxo bridges of tpdp, forming a linear tetranuclear structure Mn(II,III,IV,II).
Efficient and Stable Photocatalytic Systems for Reductive Dechlorination of p-Chlorobiphenyl by Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Ishikawa Masashi , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Acridine Derivatives (9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine and acriflavine) act as efficient and stable photocatalysts for reductive dechlorination of p-chlorobiphenyl as well as dehalogention of bromochlorobenzenes with sodium borohydride in acetonitrile/H2O (9:1 v/v) at 298 K. In the case of acriflavine, the limiting quantum yield at irradiation wavelength λ = 350 nm has reached 0.63.
Synthesis and Electrooptical Properties of Terminal–Terminal Type of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Shiraisffi Kohei , Kato Koichi , Sugiyama Kazuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A novel terminal-terminal type of ferroelectric liquid crystal, (S)-bis(2-methylbutyl) 3,3′-[1,20-eicosanediylbis[oxy-4,1-phenylenemethylidynenitrilo-4,1-phenylene]]bis[2-propenoate] (BMBEPMNP), was prepared, which composed of two chiral mesogenic groups interconnected by a very long flexible spacer chain. From the electrooptical effect originating in deformation of helical structure at a Sc* state, the electrooptical response time (τsr) was found to be 843 μs at 130 °C in 32 kV·cm−1.
Utilizing ultrafiltration to remove alkaline phosphatase from clinical analyzer water
Authors: Bôle Julien , Mabic Stéphane 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) conjugated to antibodies is often used in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). These assays are notably sensitive to experimental conditions. A possible source of interference is bacterial ALP, which is released when bacterial contamination occurs in clinical analyzers. Preliminary experiments led to the selection of a detection kit, ALP source, and specific types of tubes for collecting water samples and performing assays. The release of ALP from various strains of bacteria identified in pure water was demonstrated (10–30×10
Elektronische Speckle-Pattern-Interferometrie zur Charakterisierung von Mikrosystemverbunden (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry for the Characterization of Microsystem Packages)
Authors: Schubach Hans Reinhard 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Zur Charakterisierung von Mikrosystemverbunden ist eine hochgenaue und rückwirkungsfreie Messtechnik von herausragender Bedeutung. Die optische Messtechnik kann hierzu einen wertvollen Beitrag leisten. Im Besonderen ist die elektronische Speckle-Interferometrie aufgrund ihrer hohen Auflösung geeignet, die mechanische und thermische Charakterisierung hochgenau und flächenhaft durchzuführen.
Risk-Stratified Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Among Children in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Pamela P.W. , Wong Wilfred H.S. , Leung Gabriel M. , Chiu Susan S. , Chan Kwok-Hung , Peiris Joseph S.M. , Lam Tai-Hing , Lau Yu-Lung 
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND. Severe acute respiratory syndrome was relatively mild in children, and the incidence was significantly lower when compared with adults. Although previous seroepidemiological studies demonstrated that asymptomatic infection was uncommon among health care workers and adult contacts of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, it is unclear whether this would extend to the pediatric population.
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus among asymptomatic children living near Amoy Gardens (site of largest community outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong) compared with a low-risk region where no community transmission occurred.
METHODS. The study was conducted from September to October 2003. Target subjects living in the defined high-risk and low-risk areas were approached through the schools within the respective localities. We recruited 353 and 361 children, respectively, from the high-risk and low-risk areas and collected 3 to 5 mL of blood for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus IgG antibody testing by immunofluorescence antibody assay and confirmation by neutralization test. Parents of all of the subjects who joined the study were contacted by telephone, and a standardized questionnaire was administered by a research nurse to collect information including sociodemographic data, history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the subjects and members of the household, history of contact with known cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome, presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-like symptoms since onset of the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic, travel history of the child and his/her relatives within the 15 days before any such symptom onset, use of health service as a result of such symptoms, and whether there were deaths of relatives as a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
RESULTS. Two (0.57%) of 353 asymptomatic children from the high-risk area were tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody compared with 0 of 361 in the low-risk region. None of the 14 children who lived in the high-risk area and had known contacts with severe acute respiratory syndrome patients were seropositive.
Conclusions. As in adults, subclinical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was rare in children in the 2003 epidemic. The very low seroprevalence implies little or no population herd immunity to protect against future resurgence of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
The film boiling reactor: A new environment for chemical processing
Authors: Urban Bryan J. , Avedisian C. Thomas , Tsang Wing 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA new platform, based on film boiling, is described for chemical processing by catalytic decomposition of organic liquids. A model for conversion of pure methanol to hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used to illustrate the operational and performance characteristics of the reactor. The model extends film boiling theory to include catalytic reactions at the surface. The results show that wall temperature exerts a dominant influence on product yields, with tube diameter a secondary effect. The yields of hydrogen increase as tube diameter and wall temperature increase, with the variation being nonlinear. At temperatures > 1200 K, the wall conversion rates reach an asymptote with wall concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide being lower and higher than stoichiometric, respectively, because of the higher diffusion rate of hydrogen compared to carbon monoxide. A dimensional “performance factor,” defined as the ratio of hydrogen yield to the total energy required to maintain the vapor film and drive the reaction, is used to cast the performance of the film boiling reactor in terms of the variables of the problem. For the range of tube diameters examined (1.5 mm to 1.5 cm), the analysis shows the existence of wall temperatures that optimize performance. The advantages of the new reactor system are its simplicity and potentially large product yields, making it ideal for portable applications. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006