bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular virologic surveillance showed very frequent cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients treated with alemtuzumab
Authors: Cheung Winnie W. , Tse Eric , Leung Anskar Y.H. , Yuen Kwok‐Yung , Kwong Yok‐Lam 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTen patients with refractory lymphomas or autoimmune cytopenias were treated with alemtuzumab, and monitored prospectively for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation by antigenemia and polymerase chain reaction. All patients showed virologic CMV reactivation. Two patients developed pneumonitis and hepatitis respectively, necessitating alemtuzumab withdrawal. Eight patients were asymptomatic, and with pre‐emptive anti‐CMV treatment, alemtuzumab therapy was uninterrupted. All patients ultimately achieved virologic remission. The frequent CMV reactivation was due to a high background seropositivity rate for CMV, severely immunocompromized patients, a sensitive detection method, and the diligence of surveillance. Frequent monitoring for and early treatment of CMV reactivation is necessary during alemtuzumab therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiologic surveillance of upper‐extremity musculoskeletal disorders in the working population
Authors: Roquelaure Yves , Ha Catherine , Leclerc Annette , Touranchet Annie , Sauteron Marine , Melchior Maria , Imbernon Ellen , Goldberg Marcel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveSince 2002, an epidemiologic surveillance system of work‐related, upper‐limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been implemented in France's Pays de la Loire region to assess the prevalence of MSDs and their risk factors in the working population.MethodsThe surveillance was based on a network of occupational physicians (OPs) and used the recommendations of a group of European experts (criteria document consensus). In 2002–2003, 80 of 400 OPs volunteered to participate. All underwent a training program to standardize the physical examination. Health status was assessed by self‐administered questionnaire and physical examination. Occupational risk factors were assessed by self‐administered questionnaire. Exposure scores were computed for each anatomic zone by summing the risk factors taken into account by the criteria document.ResultsMore than 50% of the 2,685 men and women randomly included in 2002–2003 experienced nonspecific musculoskeletal symptoms during the preceeding 12 months and ∼30% experienced them in the preceeding week. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed MSDs was high: ∼13% of workers experienced at least 1 of the MSDs. The most frequent disorder was rotator cuff syndrome followed by carpal tunnel syndrome and lateral epicondylitis. The prevalence of MSDs increased with age and varied widely across economic sectors and occupations. More than half of the workers were exposed to at least 2 risk factors of MSDs. Exposure varied according to industrial activity and occupation. According to the criteria document, a high percentage of MSD cases could be classified as probably work related (95% in men and 89% in women age <50, and 87% in men and 69% in women age >50).ConclusionNonspecific upper‐limb symptoms and specific upper‐limb MSDs are common in the working population. These results show the need to implement prevention programs in most sectors to reduce the prevalence of MSDs.
Disability, social support, and distress in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a thirteen‐year prospective study
Authors: Strating Mathilde M. H. , Suurmeijer Theo P. B. M. , Van Schuur Wijbrandt H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the strength and stability of the relationships between disease‐related factors (joint tenderness, pain, and functional disability), social support, and distress over time, and to investigate to what extent disease‐related factors and social support can predict distress in short‐term and long‐term rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe study was a Dutch extension of the European Research on Incapacitating Diseases and Social Support and started with 292 patients. After 5 waves of data collection, 129 patients remained. Composite measures were computed following the area under the curve approach. Interaction terms were computed between functional disability and social support satisfaction. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses were performed.ResultsIn patients with short‐term RA, disease‐related factors and social support were important in determining distress. Also, a buffering effect of social companionship was found. In total, 51% of the variance in distress in short‐term RA could be explained primarily by mean distress over the previous years. In patients with long‐term RA, disease‐related factors remained important in determining distress, but to a lesser extent. Seventeen percent of the variance in distress in long‐term RA could be explained primarily by mean distress over the years before.ConclusionDuring the course of the disease, patients may learn to adjust to their disease and its consequences and are able to maintain a normal distress level. The effect of the disease on psychological distress decreased over the years. Some support for the buffering hypothesis of social support was found in short‐term RA, but not in long‐term RA.
Using serum urate levels to determine the period free of gouty symptoms after withdrawal of long‐term urate‐lowering therapy: A prospective study
Authors: Perez‐Ruiz Fernando , Atxotegi Joana , Hernando Iñaki , Calabozo Marcelo , Nolla Joan M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveWithdrawal of urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) is associated with recurrence of acute gouty arthritis and tophi, but no data are available about factors associated with recurrence of gouty symptoms. Therefore, life‐long therapy prescription is usually advised, but the prospect of life‐long therapy may contribute to very low compliance rates. Our objective was to ascertain the outcome of ULT withdrawal after long‐term, documented control of serum urate levels.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, long‐term, followup study of patients treated with ULT during a 5‐year period. Both diagnosis and recurrence of gout were determined based on monosodium urate crystal identification in synovial fluid or material aspirated from tophi.ResultsLow average serum urate levels while receiving ULT and during the followup period after ULT withdrawal were statistically associated with the longest period in which patients were free of gouty symptoms, suggesting that depletion and formation of the body's urate pool is dependent on both time and serum urate levels. Patients whose average serum urate levels were <5.05 mg/dl while receiving ULT and <8.75 mg/dl after ULT withdrawal had the longest (>4 years) time to recurrence.ConclusionProper and long‐term reduction of serum urate level is associated with long‐term periods in which patients are free of gouty symptoms, probably due to the reduction of the urate pool. These results suggest that 5‐year intermittent, instead of life‐long, ULT could be offered to patients with good serum urate control during ULT.
Successes and failures in improving osteoporosis care after fragility fracture: Results of a multiple‐site clinical improvement project
Authors: Harrington J. Timothy , Deal Chad L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo improve osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment of fragility fracture patient populations because osteoporosis care is provided infrequently to those patients, leaving them vulnerable to further fractures and increasing debility.MethodsOsteoporosis experts from 11 US health systems participated in a clinical improvement project based on previously described successful osteoporosis care process redesigns. Participants were taught rapid cycle process improvement methods that are widely used in clinical improvement projects, and were supported in their efforts by the program coordinator. Measures of successful process development included establishing reliable referral from orthopedic fracture care to osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment, nurse coordination and monitoring of osteoporosis care, and use of process management software for registering patients and organizing work.ResultsFour sites were able to establish these critical referral and osteoporosis management processes. Two sites were partially successful in increasing orthopedic referrals to consultative care, but otherwise continued traditional care processes. Five were unsuccessful due to inability to implement 1 or more of these key process improvements.ConclusionReliable osteoporosis care for fracture patients is possible if traditional practice processes are replaced with more effective, well‐recognized approaches to chronic disease management.
Impact of multiple joint problems on daily living tasks in people in the community over age fifty‐five
Authors: Keenan Anne‐maree , Tennant Alan , Fear Jon , Emery Paul , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of multiple joint problems and their impact on everyday tasks.MethodsA random sample of the UK population was assessed using a postal questionnaire. Data on overall joint pain, swelling and stiffness, and activities of daily living were obtained from 16,222 individuals >55 years of age (86% response rate). Prevalence estimates of joint problems were established and the impact of multiple joint pathologies on common physical tasks was determined.ResultsSingle joint involvement was unusual (median joint involvement 4). Although the knee was the most frequently involved joint (220.30 per 1,000), isolated knee pathology accounted for only 1 in 11 patients with knee pain. Although single joint disorders increased the risk of experiencing functional difficulty, this risk was substantially increased with multiple joint problems: individuals with knee and feet problems were 14 times more likely to experience difficulty standing and walking than those without knee problems (odds ratio [OR] 14.50); knee and hip problems increased the risk >12 times (OR 12.43) whereas knee, back, feet, and hip involvement increased the risk 60 times (OR 62.41).ConclusionMultiple‐site joint problems are much more common than single joint problems. Although individual joint problems have a considerable impact on a person's functional ability, this risk is substantially increased when other joints are involved. With the increasing burden associated with the aging population, it is essential that the management of joint pain be considered in light of the impact of multiple, rather than single, joint problems.
Korrosionserscheinungen an Balkonen und Loggien – Ursachen und Vermeidung
Authors: Błaszczyński Tomasz , Łowińska‐Kluge Aldona 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFür jedes Bauelement, das Zerstörungsanzeichen zeigt, sollten Art und Ursachen der aufgetretenen Korrosionserscheinungen genau bestimmt und dementsprechend die Art und Weise der Reparatur und der Bausicherung gewählt werden. Erst dann werden die ausgeführten Bausicherungen und Reparaturen entsprechend haltbar sein, das wird im Endeffekt dazu beitragen, die Kosten der Instandhaltung der Bauobjekte zu reduzieren. Aufgrund der Untersuchungen an Bauobjekten durch Labor‐ und strukturelle Untersuchungen (Röntgen‐Mikroskopie und ‐Mikroanalyse) werden die Ursachen der Korrosion der Bestandteile von Loggien und Balkonen dargestellt und analysiert. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse werden Hinweise zur Vermeidung derartiger Erscheinungen erarbeitet.
Epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis: do all 40 mg sublingual epinephrine tablet formulations with similar in vitro characteristics have the same bioavailability?
Authors: Rawas‐Qalaji Mutasem M. , Simons F. Estelle R. , Simons Keith J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEpinephrine autoinjectors are underutilized in the first aid emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in the community; so non‐invasive sublingual epinephrine administration is being proposed. In order to determine the effect of changing excipients on the bioavailability of sublingual epinephrine, four distinct fast‐disintegrating epinephrine 40 mg tablet formulations, A, B, C and D, were manufactured using direct compression. All formulations were evaluated for tablet hardness (H), disintegration time (DT) and wetting time (WT). In a prospective 5‐way crossover study, four sublingual formulations and epinephrine 0.3 mg i.m. as a control were tested sequentially in a validated rabbit model. Blood samples were collected before dosing and at intervals afterwards. Epinephrine plasma concentrations were measured using HPLC‐EC. All tablet formulations met USP standards for weight variation and content uniformity, and resulted in similar mean H, DT and WT (n=6). The area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax) and time at which Cmax was achieved (Tmax) did not differ significantly after the sublingual administration of formulation A and epinephrine 0.3 mg i.m. The AUC after B, C and D were significantly lower (p<0.05) than after epinephrine 0.3 mg i.m. These results suggest that the selection of excipients used in these tablet formulations can affect the bioavailability of sublingually administered epinephrine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between fluvastatin and diltiazem in rats
Authors: Choi Jun‐Shik , Piao Yong‐Ji , Han Hyo‐Kyung 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of fluvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem were determined in rats following an oral administration of diltiazem (15 mg/kg) in the presence and absence of fluvastatin (0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg). Compared with the control given diltiazem alone, theCmaxandAUCof diltiazem increased by 30–70% in rats with the concurrent use of fluvastatin, while there was no significant change inTmaxand the plasma half‐life (T1/2) of diltiazem. Consequently, absolute and relative bioavailability values of diltiazem in the presence of fluvastatin were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those from the control group, implying that fluvastatin could reduce the presystemic extraction of diltiazem. In conclusion, the concurrent use of fluvastatin significantly enhanced the oral exposure of diltiazem in rats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrostatics dominate quadruplex stability
Authors: Smirnov Ivan V. , Shafer Richard H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractStabilization of nucleic acid structures results from a balance of multiple interactions, including electrostatics, base stacking, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, etc. Nucleic acid quadruplexes are unusual structures in that their formation is driven by specific binding of metal ions. This unique mode of metal binding, which is tightly coupled to oligonucleotide folding, can engender correspondingly unique solution behavior. In particular, we show that addition of many cosolvents, such as primary aliphatic alcohols, increases the thermal stability of quadruplexes, as determined by melting temperature, Tm, in direct contrast to the response of duplexes to the same admixture of solvents. Thermal stability is observed to increase as the dielectric constant of the composite solvent decreases. This behavior suggests a dominant role for electrostatics in quadruplex formation and stability. Additional studies done with other cosolvents and solutes suggest that, in some cases, other forces may come into play, including the possibility of direct interaction with the quadruplex structure. Nonetheless, many cosolvents and small molecules, such as ethanol, dimethylformamide, and betaine, stabilize the quadruplex conformation in sharp distinction to their destabilization of DNA duplexes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 91–101, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Bio‐reductive dechlorination of 1,1,1‐trichloroethane and chloroform using a hydrogen‐based membrane biofilm reactor
Authors: Chung Jinwook , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA H2‐based, denitrifying and sulfate‐reducing membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was effective for removing 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (TCA) and chloroform (CF) by reductive dechlorination. When either TCA or CF was first added to the MBfR, reductive dechlorination took place immediately and then increased over 3 weeks, suggesting enrichment for TCA‐ or CF‐dechlorinating bacteria. Increasing the H2 pressure increased the dechlorination rates of TCA or CF, and it also increased the rate of sulfate reduction. Increased sulfate loading allowed more sulfate reduction, and this competed with reductive dechlorination, particularly the second steps. The acceptor flux normalized by effluent concentration can be an efficient indicator to gauge the intrinsic kinetics of the MBfR biofilms for the different reduction reactions. The analysis of normalized rates showed that the kinetics for reductive‐dechlorination reactions were slowed by reduced H2 bio‐availability caused by a low H2 pressure or competition from sulfate reduction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97:52–60. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redox‐stratification controlled biofilm (ReSCoBi) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal: The effect of co‐ versus counter‐diffusion on reactor performance
Authors: Terada Akihiko , Lackner Susanne , Tsuneda Satoshi , Smets Barth F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA multi‐population biofilm model for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal was developed and implemented in the simulation program AQUASIM to corroborate the concept of a redox‐stratification controlled biofilm (ReSCoBi). The model considers both counter‐ and co‐diffusion biofilm geometries. In the counter‐diffusion biofilm, oxygen is supplied through a gas‐permeable membrane that supports the biofilm while ammonia (NH) is supplied from the bulk liquid. On the contrary, in the co‐diffusion biofilm, both oxygen and NH are supplied from the bulk liquid. Results of the model revealed a clear stratification of microbial activities in both of the biofilms, the resulting chemical profiles, and the obvious effect of the relative surface loadings of oxygen and NH (J/J) on the reactor performances. Steady‐state biofilm thickness had a significant but different effect on T‐N removal for co‐ and counter‐diffusion biofilms: the removal efficiency in the counter‐diffusion biofilm geometry was superior to that in the co‐diffusion counterpart, within the range of 450–1,400 µm; however, the efficiency deteriorated with a further increase in biofilm thickness, probably because of diffusion limitation of NH. Under conditions of oxygen excess (J/J > 3.98), almost all NH was consumed by aerobic ammonia oxidation in the co‐diffusion biofilm, leading to poor performance, while in the counter‐diffusion biofilm, T‐N removal efficiency was maintained because of the physical location of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers near the bulk liquid. These results clearly reveal that counter‐diffusion biofilms have a wider application range for autotrophic T‐N removal than co‐diffusion biofilms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97:40–51. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Lack of Ring‐Current Aromaticity of (Heteroatom) [N]Radialenes and their Dianions
Authors: Domene Carmen , Fowler Patrick W. , Jenneskens Leonardus W. , Steiner Erich 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCurrent‐density maps, calculated at the ab initio RHF//6–31G**/CTOCD‐DZ level, show no significant π ring current in planar equilateral geometries of neutral and dianionic [N]radialenes, oxocarbons and thiocarbons CNYNq− (Y=CH2, O, S; N=4, 5, 6; q=0 (1 a–12 a), 2 (1 b–12 b)). Only the N=3 deltate dianions C3Y32− (Y=CH2, O, S (1 b, 5 b and 9 b)) have discernible π ring current, and then with at most 20–25 % of the strength of the standard benzene current. On the magnetic criterion, lack of current is definitive evidence against aromaticity. Pictorial molecular‐orbital analysis within the ipsocentric approach shows this to be an inevitable consequence of the nodal structure of the π and π* orbitals of [N]radialene‐like systems. On grounds of angular‐momentum symmetry, spatial distribution, or both, the HOMO–LUMO excitation does not contribute a significant central diamagnetic ring current.
Highly Luminescent Gold(I)–Silver(I) and Gold(I)–Copper(I) Chalcogenide Clusters
Authors: Crespo Olga , Gimeno M. Concepción , Laguna Antonio , Larraz Carmen , Villacampa M. Dolores 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe reactions of [AuClL] with Ag2O, where L represents the heterofunctional ligands PPh2py and PPh2CH2CH2py, give the trigoldoxonium complexes [O(AuL)3]BF4. Treatment of these compounds with thio‐ or selenourea affords the triply bridging sulfide or selenide derivatives [E(AuL)3]BF4 (E=S, Se). These trinuclear species react with Ag(OTf) or [Cu(NCMe)4]PF6 to give different results, depending on the phosphine and the metal. The reactions of [E(AuPPh2py)3]BF4 with silver or copper salts give [E(AuPPh2py)3M]2+ (E=O, S, Se; M=Ag, Cu) clusters that are highly luminescent. The silver complexes consist of tetrahedral Au3Ag clusters further bonded to another unit through aurophilic interactions, whereas in the copper species two coordination isomers with different metallophilic interactions were found. The first is analogous to the silver complexes and in the second, two [S(AuPPh2py)3]+ units bridge two copper atoms through one pyridine group in each unit. The reactions of [E(AuPPh2CH2CH2py)3]BF4 with silver and copper salts give complexes with [E(AuPPh2CH2CH2py)3M]2+ stoichiometry (E=O, S, Se; M=Ag, Cu) with the metal bonded to the three nitrogen atoms in the absence of Au⋅⋅⋅M interactions. The luminescence of these clusters has been studied by varying the chalcogenide, the heterofunctional ligand, and the metal.
Scope and Mechanistic Insights into the Use of Tetradecyl(trihexyl)phosphonium Bistriflimide: A Remarkably Selective Ionic Liquid Solvent for Substitution Reactions
Authors: McNulty James , Nair Jerald J. , Cheekoori Sreedhar , Larichev Vladimir , Capretta Alfredo , Robertson Al J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA survey of substitution reactions conducted in a phosphonium bistriflimide ionic liquid is presented. The results demonstrate high selectivity favoring substitution over typically competitive elimination and solvolytic processes even when challenging secondary and tertiary electrophiles are employed. The first reports of Kornblum substitution reactions in an ionic liquid are described that proceed with very high chemoselectivity in favor of nitro over nitroso products and elimination side products. The structure–reactivity study indicates that these reactions proceed through a narrow spectrum of pathways ranging from straight SN2 to a preassociation pathway along a saddle point that approaches the SN1 limit. The barrier to the formation of dissociated carbocations is attributed to the structural features of this ionic liquid that favor intervention of the associated nucleophile over dissociation, also preventing cross over to E1 processes. The lack of any basic entity in the phosphonium bistriflimide ionic liquid appears to prevent any potential base‐mediated elimination reactions, which makes this a highly selective medium for use in general substitution reactions.