bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Generation Selection for Grain Yield in Narrow‐Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Authors: Thurling M. , Ratinam M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExperiments were conducted with early segregating generations of a selected narrow‐leaf lupin cross to determine the effectiveness of selection for yield based on alternative criteria.F2 plants were selected on the basis of seed yield and several other yield‐related characters to generate separate F3 populations. Randomly selected plants from each population were grown over the summer (off‐season) in a glasshouse to generate F4 populations.Analyses of relationships between F2 plant measurements and F3 progeny mean yields revealed significant correlations only for those characters with the highest heritabilities ‐ flowering time, 100 seed weight and harvest index. However, selection for the earliest flowering F2 plants followed by selection within this group of plants with the highest number of pod bearing branches would result in the greatest increase in F3 mean yield.The F2‐derived F4 populations with the highest seed yields were those obtained by selection for total plant dry weight, number of pod bearing branches and number of pods per plant. Improvement in commercial crop yield should therefore be obtained through selection in early generations for those characters contributing to the greatest number of pods per unit area.A scheme involving selection for early flowering and high number of pod bearing branches in the F2 combined with replicated yield tests in the F4 is proposed.
A Study of Fructose Yield Components in Chicory
Authors: D'Eeckenbrugge G. Coppens , Herck J.‐C van , Dutilleul P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract2557 chicory roots from 13 cultivars were analysed individually for root weight, root shape, total fructose, total glucose, potassium and amino‐N contents. Fructose yield is highly correlated with root weight and slightly with fructose content, both at the inter‐ and intra‐varietal levels. The comparison of total‐sample correlations to between‐ and within‐variation correlations suggests an important genetic variation within varieties.
Apium Wild Species: Novel Sources for Resistance to Late Blight in Celery
Authors: Ochoa O. , Quiros C. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractScreening of 144 varieties of celery A. graveolens L. for late blight (Septoria apiicola Speg.) resistance resulted in the detection of significant differences for disease reaction. However, each accession displayed greater than 25 % leaf necrosis area due to the disease pathogen. Hence the magnitude of infection in the least susceptible plants was still too great to use them as a valuable source for resistance. The wild species A. chilense and A. panul exhibited a few discrete yellow spots with very little, if any, pycnidial development. This type of resistance was not observed in any accession of celery screened. The degree of resistance was intermediate in the F1 hybrids between A. graveolens × A. chilense and A. graveolens×A. panul, indicating incomplete dominance. The resistance to late blight found in these wild species and their ability to cross with celery provides a novel germplasm source for breeding celery lines with improved resistance to late blight.
Fluorimetric Determination of the Genetic Variability Existing for Chilling Tolerance in Sweet Sorghum and Sudan Grass
Authors: Havaux M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChilling temperatures drastically inhibited the photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qQ) measured in intact leaves photosynthesizing under steady‐state conditions. This effect appeared, however, to be characteristic of chilling‐susceptible plant species and was not observed in plants which are known to be chilling‐tolerant, indicating that the measurement of qQ can serve in practice to estimate rapidly the relative chilling tolerance of crop plants. A large number (28) of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) genotypes were screened for chilling tolerance using this rapid qQ method. Although sweet sorghum and sudan grass obviously behaved as chilling‐sensitive plants, a considerable variation for chilling susceptibility was observed among the different genotypes tested. Some sweet sorghum varieties, such as ‘Dale’ and ‘Keller’, and most of the sudan grass varieties appeared to possess a certain degree of resistance towards low temperature stress, indicating the existence of useful germplasms in Sorghum for improving stress tolerance.
Grafting in vitro Regenerated Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Shoots as a Method for Obtaining Mature Plants
Authors: Natali L. , Cavallini A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA method of grafting pea plants is proposed to allow rapid availability of a large number of mature plants from in vitro regenerated shoots.Plant regeneration was obtained from macerated vegetative apices and immature embryos, but regenerated shoots rooted with low frequency (ca. 10 %). When those shoots were grafted onto seedling stocks of the same cultivar, 80 to 85 % of the grafts survived, grew to maturity and produced seed.
New Genetic Markers in a Wild Species of Beet (Beta nana Boiss. et Heldr.): Prospects for Utilization
Authors: Nagamine T. , Ford‐Lloyd B. V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a study of variation in 13 enzymes occurring in B. nana, unique and invariant phenotypes were found for five of these enzymes, when compared with a range of other wild and cultivated beets. In similar comparisons unique alleles were found in B. nana for two other enzyme loci. For the remaining six enzymes B. nana was found to have variation and alleles which were common to other forms of beet. It is concluded that reliable markers for B. nana exist, and that this species represents a source of novel genes for sugar beet breeding.
Use of Molecular Markers in Breeding for Oligogenic Disease Resistance
Authors: Melchinger A. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn several plant species, genetic maps have recently been developed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Together with isozymes, they offer alternative solutions to many breeding problems. This review deals with the current and potential uses of molecular markers in breeding for oligogenic resistance traits.In the first part, segregation analyses and analyses of near‐isogenic lines are collated with respect to the mapping of resistance genes. Also, various types of populations are compared for the amount of information obtained in segregation analyses. In the second part, theoretical and numerical results are presented dealing with the number of individuals required for marker‐facilitated selection of a resistance gene in a backcross program. Both the use of a single marker and a marker bracket are considered and the influence of the following parameters is investigated: (a) recombination frequency between the resistance gene and marker(s), (b) size of backcross families, (c) number of backcross generations, and (d) number of carriers of the resistance gene to be recovered in the final backcross generation. The results provide information with regard to the optimum design of marker‐facilitated selection programs and the required expenditures compared to direct selection of the resistance trait. In the third part, applications of molecular markers are discussed with respect to (1) advantages of marker‐facilitated selection for resistance genes under a variety of special circumstances, (2) pyramiding of resistance genes, (3) selection against the genetic background of a donor parent, and (4) their use as a starting point for chromosome Walking.
Hybridization of Sinapis alba L. and Brassica napus L. via Embryo Rescue
Authors: Ripley Van L. , Arnison P. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEmbryo rescue techniques were used to obtain hybrids between Sinapis alba L. (white mustard) and Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) with the goal of improving the disease tolerance of oilseed rape. Hybrid plants with 31 or 43 chromosomes were only recovered, when S. alba, was used as the female parent. One hybrid was obtained from the cross S. alba L. cv. ‘Kirby’×B. napus L. cv. ‘Topas’, while 26 hybrids were obtained, when various S. alba L. cultivars were pollinated with the rapid cycling B. napus line CrGC 5006. All F1, hybrid plants were male sterile; however, the first generation backcross to B. napus L., also obtained by embryo rescue, produced plants with 50 chromosomes and 61–84 % pollen viability. Second backcross generation seed was produced by normal sexual crossing. Preliminary cytological analyses of pollen mother cells of hybrid plants suggests the possibility of genetic exchange between the two species.
Influence of Telomeric Heterochromatin Loss on Growth and Development of the Early Embryo and Endosperm in Triticale
Authors: Dillé J. E. , Gustafson J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe influence of telomeric heterochromatin on early embryo and endosperm development and the production of aberrant endosperm nuclei were investigated using eight triticale (×Tritocmecale Wittmack) lines homozygous for the presence or absence ol blocks of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosome arms 1RL, 2RS, (SRS, and 7RL. The loss of heterochromatin from two chromosomes (6R, 7R) produced a significantly lower percentage of aberrant endosperm nuclei than did the loss from one chromosome (6R). Deletion of a third block had a significant additional effect in only one of four lines. The differences between lines for rales of embryo and endosperm development were significant even within a karyotypc, presumably because of genetic variation. The onset of cellularization of the endosperm tended to obscure the detection of aberrancy, and since it evidently occurred at different times in different lines, may have been largely responsible for the apparent reduction in aberrant nuclei in lines with less heterochromatin.
Recurrent Mass Selection for Reduced Seed Dormancy in Cuphea lanceolata and Cuphea laminuligera
Authors: Knapp S. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeed dormancy is a domestication barrier in certain Cuphea species. Between and within species variation has been observed for seed dormancy in agronomically promising Cuphea species, e.g., C. laminuligera Koehne and C lanceolata Ait. In tins note, we report on progress made in reducing seed dormancy through recurrent mass selection in the C. lanceolata population LN43 and LN78. The germination percentages of unselected LA12 and LN43 populations increased from 0.0 % to greater than 95.0 % following an after‐ripening period of 20 weeks. We observed no germination percentage differences between unselected and selected LN43 populations following two cycles of selection. In contrast, there were highly significant differences between the unselected and selected populations of LA12 following two cycles of selection. The germination percentages of cycle zero (C0) and cycle two (C2) populations after‐ripened 10 weeks were 10.7 and 92.7 %, respectively. After one cycle of selection in the C. Lanceolata population LN78, the germination percentage of seed after‐ripened 10 weeks had increased from 1.3 % for the Co population to 28.7 % for the C0 population. In summary, mass selection greatly reduced seed dormancy in LA12 and LN78, but had no effect in LN43.
Genomic Relationships of Triticum sharonense with Other S‐Genome Diploid Triticum Species
Authors: Yen Yang , Kimber Gordon 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Triticum sharonense was hybridized with autotetra‐ploid T. speltoides, T. longissimum and T. bicorne. Meiotic analysis of these hybrids showed that T. sharonense is almost equally related to both T. speltoidcs and T. longissimum, while it is comparatively distant from T. bicorne. Therefore, this study does not support treating T. sharonense as a subspeies or variety of T. lottgissimum.
Performance and Variability of Local Barley Landraces in Near‐Eastern Environments
Authors: Weltzien E. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHomozygous lines from six Syrian and two Jordanian landrace populations were tested under highly productive growing conditions in Tel Hadia (1982/83), under drought stress in Breda (1983/84), and under dryland salinity stress in Hegla (1982/83/84) in Syria. Mean grain yield levels ranged between 260 kg/ha and 4850 kg/ha. Under drought and salinity stress, the majority of the landrace lines out‐yielded the best cheeks significantly. In Tel Hadia the check cultivars mostly outyielded the landrace lines, but not always significantly. In all environments the harvest index of the landrace lines was near the optimum for barley. They expressed intermediate plant height and time to flowering, high lodging susceptibility under favorable growing conditions, high protein content, and a wide range of yield component combinations.In the stress environments highly significant genetic variation among the landrace lines was found. The heritabilities for gram yield were high in these trials. The correlations between performance under stress and under favorable growing conditions were poor. Therefore, the largest gains for variety improvement for the Syrian steppe area are expected from direct selection under stress conditions.Unique responses in proline accumulation and germination patterns in saline solution indicated specific adaptation in this material. These landraces, thus, are a useful source of breeding material, which also widens the genetic base of the present breeding program.
Segregation of Isozyme Marker Loci Amongst Androgenetic Plants of Lolium perenne L.
Authors: Hayward M. D. , Olesen A. , Due I. K. , Jenkins R. , Morris P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe segregation of isozyme markers has been examined in the green and albino androgentic progenies of two plants of Lolium perenne. Overall the pooled data for the loci PG1/2 and GOT/2 does not deviate from expectation, but there is considerable heterogeneity between families and between green and albino plants. Specific alleles predominate in the different progeny sets. The results may be accounted for by possible linked loci affecting anther culture response or of linked lethal genes.
Improvement of Salt Tolerance in Maize by Selection and Breeding
Authors: Ashrai M. , McNelly T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic variation for NaCl tolerance at the vegetative stage was assessed in nutrient solution culture in maize (Zea mays L.). Shoot growth, and plant fresh and dry weight of the two cultivars, Akbar and Sadat were severely reduced after three weeks growth in 120, 150, and ISO mol m−3 NaCl. There was however considerable variability between seedlings. Ten‐thousands seeds of cv. Akbar were therefore screened for shoot growth at 180 mol m−3 NaCl after four weeks growth in sand culture. A selection intensity of 0.42 % was achieved. Eighteen selected plants were polycrossed for estimation of narrow‐sense heritability based on female parent‐progeny regression. A narrow‐sense heritability estimate of 0.54 was obtained.The progeny of the salt‐tolerant selection line and selfed progeny plants of the unselccted control lines of cvs Akbar and Sadat were grown for six weeks in 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mol m−3 NaCl in sand culture. The tolerant line produced significantly greater fresh and dry biomass and had greater shoot length than the unselected cv. Akbar, but the selection line derived from cv. Akbar was equal to the salt tolerant cv. Sadat in all the growth parameters measured.These data suggest that in maize, improvement in salt tolerance could be obtained through further cycles of selection and breeding.
Genetic Variation in the Ability of Detached and Partially Dehydrated Leaves of Rice to Accumulate Abscisic Acid, Measured by Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Bilsnorrow P. E. , Quarkif S. A. , Henson I. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVariation in the ability o) 60 rice (Oryza saliva L.) varieties and three wild species to accumulate abscisic acid (ABA) in response to drought stress, drought‐induced ABA accumulation (DIAA), was assessed using a standard detached‐leaf lest. The range in DIAA amongst these genotypes was compared with the range amongst F2 plants and F6, lines derived from the O. saliva cross ‘IR20’×‘63–83’ which were selected through several generations solely on the basis of differences in DIAA. ABA was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or by gas chromatography (GC).DIAA in the 60 varieties was normally distributed with a six‐fold range, from 245 to 1580 ng g−1 FW. Wild species varied two‐fold in DIAA, from 375 to 889 ng g−1 FW. DIAA in F2 plants from the ‘1R20’×‘63–83’ cross was also normally distributed. The extremes of DIAA for the low‐ABA and higb‐ABA F6 lines (330 and 1435ng g−1 FW) were similar to those for the varieties. Measurements by RIA and GC gave similar results.These findings are discussed in the context of producing further sets of closely‐related genotypes with similar leaf areas to study the association between DIAA and water‐use efficiency.
Culture Associated Variation in Maize Inbreds
Authors: Cowen N. M. , Thompson S. A. , Wilkinson Thekksa C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe extent of culture associated variation generated by a brief passage through tissue culture was evaluated in four maize inbred backgrounds: A641, H99, MS7I, and PA91. The progeny resulting from two generations of self‐pollination from the original regenerates were evaluated along with appropriate sexual controls in a replicated field experiment. Eighty regenerate lines and twenty controls were evaluated in each background. Data were collected for 22 traits and were subjected to analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis. In 58 of 88 combinations of background and trait, the contrast of controls vs. regenerates was significant. The culture cycle increased the variation and changed the association between traits. Testcross hybrids involving these regenerate lines and controls were also evaluated with little or no significant variation or differences between regenerate hybrids and controls being detected.
An Analysis of Seed Development in Pisum sativum L. IX. Genetic Analysis of Lipid Content
Authors: Jones D. A. , Arthur A. E. , Adams H. M. , Coxon D. T. , Wang T. L. , Hedley C. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective was to study the genetic basis of lipid content in pea seeds and the extent to which the inheritance of lipid content can be attributed to major genes determining seed shape. The genetic analysis consisted of two full 5 × 5 diallel crosses; one diallel between genotypes differing for genes affecting seed shape (r, rb, di and mifo loci) and the other between genotypes known to differ for lipid content. The results indicated that there was significant additive genetic and dominance variation for percent lipid. Recessive alleles at the r and rb loci have a positive effect on lipid content, while alleles at the di and mifo loci appear to have no effect on lipid content.
Preferential Transmission in Bread Wheat of a Chromosome Segment Derived from Thinopyrum distichum (Thunb.) Löve
Authors: Marais G. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA Thinopyrum distichum chromosome segment translocated on chromosome arm 7DL. of the line ‘Indis’, was shown to be preferentially transmitted in crosses with other bread wheats. The translocated segment carries a gene for leaf rust resistance and produces a null condition for the endopeptidase product, EP‐Dla. These characters were used to follow the transmission of the translocated chromosome in segregating and testcross progenies derived by crossing ‘Indis’ to four bread wheat cultivars. The severity of the gametocidal response in the heterozygotes ranged from a virtually exclusive transfer of the translocation to an almost normal transmission of the homologues. In some genetic backgrounds an intermediate level of transmission occurred. In the F1 with a gametocidal response, the transmission of the normal chromosome 7D was reduced in both sexes, but the reduction may be more severe in the male germline.
Plant Regeneration and Chromosomal Stability in Tissue Cultures of the Hybrids of Elymus canadensis with Psathyrostachys juncea and Secale cereale
Authors: Park C. H. , Kumar P. S. , Walton P. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCallus was induced from segments of immature inflorescences of Elymus canadensis×Psathyrostachys juncea and Elymus canadensis×Secale cereale F1 hybrids on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of 2,4‐D and plants were regenerated from the calluses on a hormone free MS medium. The plants regenerated from both the hybrids exhibited a high degree of stability in morphology, chromosome number and chromosome pairing. The reasons for this are discussed.
Electrophoretic Characterization of Quinoa Seed Proteins
Authors: Fairbanks D. J. , Burgener K. W. , Robison L. R. , Andersen W. R. , Ballon E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an important domesticated food crop of the Andean highlands with potential as an alternative crop elsewhere. Among its most attractive characteristics are the quantity and favorable amino acid balance of the seed proteins. The objective of this study was to characterize quinoa seed proteins by electrophoretic mobility, solubility fractionation, and genetic variability from a wide genetic base. Electrophoretic profiles of denatured albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin solubility fractions demonstrated that quinoa seed polypeptides could be classified as either albumin or globulin with most predominant polypeptides in the globulin fraction. Insignificant amounts of protein were present in the prolamin fraction and all polypeptides in the glutelin fraction had identical electrophoretic mobilities to albumins and globulins. Three globulin polypeptides of 34.3, 35.6, and 36.2 kilodaltons in size were highly variable within and among the accessions examined and appear to be coded by at least two loci. Two‐dimensional peptide mapping revealed that these three polypeptides were homologous. These highly variable markers could be used for identification and classification of germplasm and elucidation of systematics and genetic variability within the quinoa germplasm pool. All other major polypeptides were electrophoretically invariant among the accessions examined.
Electrophoresis of the Seed Proteins of Vicia faba L. and Its Immediate Progenitors — A Reappraisal
Authors: Sammour R. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractElectrophoretic patterns of total seed protein analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non‐dissociating and dissociating conditions were found to have diagnostic value for the Vicia species. The close similarity in the seed protein profiles of the cultivated species and Vicia narbonensis narbonensis indicated that this last species can be considered as the immediate progenitor of V. faba. The study also indicated that V. serratifolia should be included as a subspecies in V. narbonensis.The broad bean, Vicia faba, is one of the most important leguminous pulses cultivated over a wide range (from Central Asia to Western Europe and from Ethiopia and Sudan to Scandinavia). Schultz‐Motel (1972) was the first to identify remains of V. faba seeds from archeological sites of the Bronze Age, mainly from Central and Southern Europe. Recently, Kislev (1985) found charred seeds of horsebean (V. faba L.) from the 7th millennium B.C. Thus, horsebean should be included among the legumes grown by some early Neolithic people.Zohary and Hopf (1973) have suggested that the wild ancestors of V. faba are species belonging to section Faba. In particular, the French vetch V. narbonensis L., was the promosing candidate; most probably, because the area of distribution of V. narbonensis coincides with that of V. faba. On the other hand, Ieibe (1934), Ladizinsky (1975), and Abdall and Gunzel (1979) refuted the reports that V. narbonensis (and wild species from the section Faba) may be considered as immediate ancestors of the cultivated species of V. faba. These authors reported on the albumin profile of seed protein in Vicia.This study aims to reassess the relationships between V. faba and its taxonomically related species in terms of their storage protein profiles and present some information on the evolution of V. faba.