bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Postabsorptive Ghrelin Secretion after Intake of Different Macronutrients
Authors: Marzullo P. , Caumo A. , Savia G. , Verti B. , Walker G. E. , Maestrini S. , Tagliaferri A. , Di Blasio A. M. , Liuzzi A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Context: Release of ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone regulating feeding and energy balance, is blunted in obesity, a condition associated with insulin resistance.
Objective: The objective was to identify anthropometric and metabolic predictors of postabsorptive ghrelin secretion.
Design: We evaluated ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin secretion overnight and after intake of different macronutrients.
Subjects: Ten obese subjects (age, 31.8 ± 2.5 yr; body mass index, 43.4 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and six lean subjects (age, 33.5 ± 2.4 yr; body mass index, 21.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2) participated in the study.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were resting energy expenditure (REE); fat mass; nighttime approximate entropy (ApEn) and synchronicity (cross-ApEn) of ghrelin, insulin, and leptin; insulin sensitivity by homeostatic model approach insulin-sensitivity (HOMA-S%); postabsorptive area under the curve (AUC); and Δ of ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin after carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich test meals.
Results: Nighttime ApEn scores were higher in obese than lean subjects (P &lt; 0.01). Cross-ApEn revealed a synchronicity between ghrelin-insulin, ghrelin-leptin, and insulin-leptin in both groups. Compared with baseline, ghrelin decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.01) in lean and obese subjects after carbohydrates (42.2 vs. 28.5%; P &lt; 0.05), lipids (40.2 vs. 26.2%; P &lt; 0.01), and proteins (42.2 vs. 26.3%; P &lt; 0.01) devoid of between-meal ghrelin differences. Significant associations occurred between nocturnal ghrelin ApEn and insulin (r = 0.53; P &lt; 0.05), postmeal ghrelin AUCs and REE (r = −0.57; P &lt; 0.05), and HOMA-S% (r = 0.52; P &lt; 0.05), postmeal ghrelin Δ and HOMA-S% (r = 0.60; P &lt; 0.05). REE (β = −0.57; P = 0.02) and ghrelin ApEn (β = −0.62; P = 0.01) were predictors of postmeal ghrelin AUC and Δ, respectively.
Conclusions: Obesity determined a decreased orderliness of ghrelin secretion and a relative loss of ghrelin-insulin synchrony. Postabsorptive ghrelin secretion decreased significantly both in obese and lean subjects, was related to insulin sensitivity, and was predicted by energy expenditure and hormone pulsatility.
Predictive Value of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Levels in Ischemic Stroke Outcome
Authors: Bondanelli Marta , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Onofri Alessandro , Bergonzoni Antonella , Lavezzi Susanna , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Valle Domenico , Basaglia Nino , degli Uberti Ettore C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractContext: Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the general population, frequently leading to permanent invalidity and reduced quality of life. IGF-I is recognized as an important neuroprotective factor against cerebral hypoxic insult.Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate pituitary function, in particular GH-IGF-I axis, in adult patients receiving rehabilitation after an ischemic stroke.Subjects and Methods: We studied 42 patients (12 females; age range, 50–88 yr) during rehabilitation after stroke, evaluating the relationship between the GH-IGF-I axis and the severity (National Institutes of Health stroke scale) and outcome [Rancho Los Amigos Scale of Cognitive Functioning (LCFS); Functional Independence Measure (FIM); modified Ranking Scale] from stroke.Results: GH deficiency was demonstrated in five patients (11.9%). Peak GH after GHRH + arginine test and IGF-I levels did not correlate with severity of stroke. IGF-I was positively correlated with LCFS (r = 0.305, P &lt; 0.05) and the difference between FIM on admission and at discharge from rehabilitation (ΔFIM; r = 0.361, P &lt; 0.02). Outcome indexes (LCFS, FIM at discharge, ΔFIM) and occurrence of favorable outcome (modified Ranking Scale 0–1) were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in patients with IGF-I levels 161.8 μg/dl or greater (50th percentile of the patient distribution). LH-FSH deficiency (three cases), ACTH deficiency (one case), and hyperprolactinemia (two cases) were detected. One patient had primary hypogonadism, and six males had low testosterone with normal LH and FSH levels. By multivariate analysis, IGF-I level was the main significant predictor of ΔFIM and LCFS.Conclusions: Ischemic stroke may be associated with pituitary dysfunction, particularly GH and gonadotropin deficiencies. The higher IGF-I levels observed in patients with better outcome suggest a possible neuroprotective role of IGF-I. Circulating IGF-I may predict functional performance during rehabilitation and ischemic stroke outcome.
Long-Term Mortality and Incidence of Renal Dialysis and Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Stadler M. , Auinger M. , Anderwald C. , Kästenbauer T. , Kramar R. , Feinböck C. , Irsigler K. , Kronenberg F. , Prager R. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Aims: We investigated long-term mortality and requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to study risk factors and late complication incidence of T1DM in a prospective cohort study at Lainz Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Methods: In 1983–1984, T1DM patients [n = 648; 47% females, 53% males; age, 30 ± 11 yr; T1DM duration, 15 ± 9 yr; body mass index, 24 ± 4 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 7.6 ± 1.6%] were stratified into HbA1c quartiles [1st, 5.9 ± 0.5% (range, 4.2–6.5%); 2nd, 6.9 ± 0.3% (6.6–7.4%); 3rd, 7.9 ± 0.3% (7.5–8.4%); and 4th, 9.6 ± 1.3% (8.5–14.8%)]. Twenty years later, both endpoints (death and RRT) were investigated by record linkage with national registries.
Results: At baseline, creatinine clearance, blood pressure, and body mass index were comparable among the HbA1c quartiles, whereas albuminuria was more frequent in the 4th quartile (+15%; P &lt; 0.03). After the 20-yr follow-up, 13.0% of the patients had died [rate, 708 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 557–859)], and 5.6% had received RRT [311 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 210–412)]. Patients with the highest HbA1c values (4th quartile) had a higher mortality rate and a greater incidence of RRT (P &lt; 0.04). In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, age, male gender, increased HbA1c, albuminuria, and reduced creatinine clearance were predictors of mortality (P &lt; 0.05). Predictors of RRT were albuminuria (P &lt; 0.001), reduced creatinine clearance (P &lt; 0.001), and belonging to the 4th HbA1c quartile (P = 0.06). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, mortality was linearly associated with poor glycemia, whereas RRT incidence appeared to rise at a HbA1c threshold of approximately 8.5%.
Conclusion/Interpretation: In the Lainz T1DM cohort, 13.0% mortality and 5.6% RRT were directly associated with and more frequently found in poor glycemia, showing that good glycemic control is essential for the longevity and quality of life in T1DM.
A Structure-Activity Relationship in the Binding of Multicharged Anionic Azo and Pyrene Dyes to Serum Albumin
Authors: Murakami Kiyofumi , Akamatsu Miki , Sano Takayuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The binding of 11 azo and pyrene dyes (which have 1 to 4 sulfonato groups) to bovine serum albumin at pH = 7.0 and 25 °C has been studied by spectrophotometry, equilibrium dialysis, and/or ultrafiltration method. Binding parameters were determined assuming one or two classes of independent binding sites. By combining with data reported before, we examined the effects of hydrophobicity and net charge number of ligands on the binding parameters for a total of 19 dyes. The ratio of the binding ability to the primary sites to the total binding ability, a measure of binding specificity, was found to increase with an increase in the anionic charge number of ligands. The values of binding constant for nonspecific binding of the monoanionic dyes and for the primary binding of the multicharged dyes were found to have a strong correlation to both the hydrophobicity and the anionic charge number of ligands. A multiple regression analysis has derived the equation:

where K is a binding constant, P is the partition coefficient in 1-octanol/water system, and m and αi are respectively the number of anionic groups and the degree of dissociation of the i-th group. From this equation, the contribution of electrostatic interactions due to a unit net charge on ligands to the standard free energy change of binding was estimated to be −11.4 kJ mol−1. The role of electrostatic interactions has been discussed in detail.
Decoupling Surface Analysis of Cl+Cl2 Reaction Embedded in Ar52 Cluster
Authors: Someda Kiyohiko , Nakamura Hiroki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A model triatomic reaction Cl + Cl2 → Cl2 + Cl embedded in an Ar52 van der Waals cluster is analyzed classical mechanically by a novel theoretical method called “decoupling surface analysis”. This method generates new reactive and vibrational variables in which the kinetic coupling as well as the potential coupling are minimized. An analysis of local frequencies of the vibrational variables along the reaction coordinate clarifies how the motions of ambient Ar atoms are coupled with the central Cl3 system. When the local frequencies are plotted as a function of the reaction coordinate, avoided crossings among these curves are observed. Mixing of Cl motion and Ar motion is clearly detected by these avoided crossings. The vibrational mode having a character of the symmetric stretch of Cl3 shows exclusively strong coupling with the reactive motion. This mode, however, very weakly couples with the ambient Ar motion. On the other hand, the bending and translation of Cl3 are strongly mixed with the motions of ambient Ar atoms and produce unstable modes, which play the most significant role in energy exchange between the central reaction system and the ambient Ar atoms.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Polythiophene Film Electrodes in Acetonitrile Solution
Authors: Komura Teruhisa , Kitani Naoki , Takahashi Koshin 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The effect of electrode potential and film thickness on the kinetic parameters of the oxidation process of polythiophene (PT) was investigated by an a.c. impedance method and conductivity measurements. The conductivity of a PT film increased with its oxidation and reached a limiting value at higher potentials than 0.8 V despite a rise in oxidation state of PT. The oxidation of the PT film lowered the activation energy of electric conduction, which suggested the broadening of a polaron band. An increase in the oxidized form of thiophene unit brings about the decrease in charge transfer resistance at the polymer electrode in the lower potential range than the half-wave potential of PT. Both the redox capacitance of the polymer and d.c. resistance associated with the diffusion of a charge carrier indicated the dependence on the potential and film thickness which was expected from a finite diffusion model. A large capacitance of the order of 1—30 mF cm−2 in the oxidized state is explained in terms of the charge saturation effect due to the finite thickness and porous nature of the polymer film.
Mechanism of Dye-Sensitized Reaction of Excited Singlet of Anthracene Derivatives through Triplet Energy Transfer and the Annihilation Processes
Authors: Usui Yoshiharu , Tanaka Naomi , Yoshida Masao , Asai Yasufumi , Hirayama Masatoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Absorption of visible light by acridine orange (AOH+) brought about the photoaddition of CCl4 to the excited singlet of anthracene derivatives, (1A*), which occurred by the direct excitation with UV light. From the dependence of the quantum yields on the concentrations of CCl4 and A and on the light intensity in ethanol solution, a mechanism involving the triplet energy transfer from 3AOH+ to A and the annihilation of 3A to form 1A* is proposed.
Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of (BDT-TTP)2ClO4
Authors: Mori Takehiko , Misaki Yohji , Fujiwara Hideki , Yamabe Tokio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The ClO4, BF4, and ReO4 salts of BDT-TTP, 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, are isostructural, having uniform columns of the donor molecules. These salts are essentially metallic down to low temperatures, though the resistivity increases to some extent below 200 K. The thermoelectric power and ESR show simple metal-like behavior down to low temperatures.
Oxidation of Iron(II) during Solvent Extraction with Benzoyltrifluoroacetone into Carbon Tetrachloride in the Absence and Presence of Tetrabutylammonium Ion or Trioctylphosphine Oxide
Authors: Sekine Tatsuya , Nguyen Thi Kim Dung 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The solvent extraction of iron(II) in aqueous 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium nitrate solutions containing ascorbic acid with benzoyltrifluoroacetone (Hbfa) into carbon tetrachloride was studied in the absence and presence of tetrabutylammonium ion (tba+) or trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). By the addition of tba+, the tba+Fe(bfa)3− species, and by the addition of TOPO, the Fe(bfa)2TOPOn (n = 1 or 2) species were extracted in addition to the Fe(bfa)2 species and the extraction was greatly enhanced. The iron(II) in the benzoyltrifluoroacetonate complex extracted in the organic phase was oxidized rather quickly and the rate of this oxidation was also studied. An addition of tba+ or TOPO to the system slowed down the oxidation reaction, and the reason for the effects of tba+ and TOPO on the rate of oxidation is discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ta2O5–SiO2 Mixed Oxides
Authors: Guiu Garbine , Grange Paul 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Mixed oxides, especially silica containing multicomponent oxides, have recently found many applications in the production of glasses, ceramics and catalysts. This paper reports for the first time the synthesis of SiO2–Ta2O5 mixed oxide by the sol–gel method. The advantage of the sol–gel method is that a relatively large concentration of tantalum can be incorporated in the mixed oxide structure. Physicochemical characterization shows that tantalum atoms are incorporated into the silica matrix producing Si–O–Ta bonds.
Studies on the Interaction between Iron(III) and Glycerol or Related Polyols over a Wide pH Range
Authors: Mori Yasuyoshi , Yokoi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The interaction between iron(III) and glycerol or related polyols was studied in some detail over a pH range of 1 to 13 mainly by spectrophotometric and NMR measurements. At acidic pH, there appeared a new absorption band at 350 nm in the difference spectra of iron(III) before and after the addition of glycerol, showing that iron(III) and glycerol form a 1 : 1 complex. Although the 13C NMR relaxation rates for all of the carbon atoms of glycerol and 1,3-propanediol were markedly affected by the addition of iron(III), the rate for C-2 of 1,4-butanediol remained unchanged. These facts indicate that either 1,2- or 1,3-diol, as didentate ligand, coordinates to a hydrolyzed iron(III) ion at acidic pH. In all of the present systems of iron(III) and polyols, iron(III) hydroxide-like precipitates resulted at around neutral pH. The polyols were removed in some quantities from solutions by adsorption on the precipitates; the removability depended on their molecular structures. In these polyols, only glycerol, which has three neighboring OH groups, formed soluble complexes at pH &gt; 9 if R &gt; 20. Accordingly, three neighboring OH groups seemed to be essential in the formation of soluble complexes at alkaline pH. In conclusion, the interaction between iron(III) and polyols are severely dependent upon the molecular structures of the polyols.
Stability on Drying of Cyclodextrin Precipitates of Volatile Nonelectrolytes
Authors: Sanemasa Isao , Wu Yue , Koide Yuuki , Fujii Toshie , Takahashi Hiroko , Deguchi Toshio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CyD’s) were precipitated in aqueous medium at 25 °C as inclusion complexes with twenty-two volatile nonelectrolytes (guests). The guest/CyD molar ratios of precipitates were measured immediately after preparation and after drying. Drying the precipitates for five hours at 50 °C under reduced pressure using a water-suction pump gave the same guest/CyD molar ratios as those obtained by drying in a desiccator over diphosphorus pentaoxide and stored there for two weeks. An iodine–α-CyD complex is quite stable on drying and, next to it are 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene–α-CyD and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene–β-CyD complexes; other guest–CyD complexes are more or less unstable. The stability was found to be roughly correlated to the van der Waals volume of guest molecule(s) resident maximally in the CyD cavity.
MM2 Molecular Mechanics Studies of Periplanone B and Nitroxides. Empirical Methods to Evaluate the Stretching (ks) and Bending (kb) Force Constants of the MM2 Force Field
Authors: Sakakibara Kazuhisa , Kawamura Hidetaka , Nagata Takashi , Ren Jingzhu , Hirota Minoru , Shimazaki Kazuko , Chuman Tastuji 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The MM2 force field has been extended so as to deal with periplanone B and nitroxides by using empirical relationships which enable us to derive the MM2 stretching (ks) and bending force (kb) constants systematically. The stretching force constants (ks) could be correlated well with the bond order (N) and equilibrium bond length (r0) by the equation ks = a(N/r03) + b. Three different sets of parameters (a, b) were assigned to the bonds, which were classified according to the atoms forming the bonds. The bending force constants (kb) could be estimated by the equation , where ks1 and ks2 are the stretching force constants of the bonds which comprise the bond angle. The angle types were classified into six groups in the MM2 force field. After assigning ks and kb, the torsional parameters (V1, V2, V3) were determined so as to reproduce the ab initio conformational energies and structural data of the model compounds for the periplanone B and nitroxides. The MM2 calculations using the parameters thus obtained reproduced the experimental structures and conformational energies of periplanone B and the spin adducts of nitrone spin traps correctly.
Preparation of New Nitrogen-Bridged Heterocycles. 37. Synthesis and Rearrangement of Full-Conjugated Oxepino[2,3-b]indolizine Derivatives
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Ito Suketaka , Muranaka Hideyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The title compounds were first synthesized in considerably good yields by acid-catalyzed dehydration of the corresponding ethyl 2-arylcarbonyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrooxepino[2,3-b]indolizin-4-carboxylate derivatives with methanesulfonic acid in boiling chloroform. Although these full-conjugated oxepino[2,3-b]indolizines with a nonaromatic 16π electron system were stable at room temperature, upon heating them in boiling ethanol, they were smoothly rearranged to ethyl 2-arylcarbonyl-1-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indole-3-carboxylates in good yields. The structures of these oxepino[2,3-b]indolizines and the rearranged pyrido[1,2-a]indol-1(2H)-ones were distinctly determined by physical and spectral means, including X-ray analyses.
Claisen Rearrangement of 4-Allyloxytropones and Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate-Oxidation of 4-Hydroxytropones
Authors: Nakamura Arisa , Kubo Kanji , Ikeda Yukari , Mori Akira , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Heating 4-allyloxytropones gave Claisen rearrangement products together with oxidation products such as C–C coupling dimers. The products were sensitive to oxygen. Some of the dimeric products were obtained from the cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate-oxidation of 4-hydroxytropones.
Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Oligoethylene and Its Derivatives with α-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Li Jun , Harada Akira , Kamachi Mikiharu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Oligoethylene (OE) was found to form inclusion complexes with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) not only from aqueous solutions of α-CD but also from DMF solutions of α-CD to give stoichiometric compounds in a crystalline state in high yields. The yields depend on the oligomeric degree (n) of OE when DMF was used as solvent. OE of n less than 6 did not form complexes with α-CD in DMF solution. The complexes were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 13C CP/MAS and PST/MAS NMR spectra, X-ray (powder), and elemental analysis. The continuous variation plots for the complex formation and the 1H NMR spectra of the complexes show that the stoichiometry of the crystalline complexes is 3 : 1 (ethylene unit–α-CD). The X-ray powder pattern of α-CD–OE complexes and the solid state 13C CP/MAS, PST/MAS NMR spectra suggest that the OE chain is included in the channel formed by α-CD molecules and that the OE backbone in the complexes is more flexible than that in uncomplexed state (OE crystal) due to being included in the cavities of α-CD. Derivatives of OE(6) with small end groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups, formed crystalline complexes with α-CD, but OE(6) carrying large end groups, such as 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl groups, did not form complexes with α-CD. However, it is found that derivatives of OE(6) with charged end groups, such as ammonio or carboxylato groups, do not form crystalline complexes with α-CD, but can form 1 : 1 (guest molecule–α-CD) complexes which are in equilibrium in aqueous solution. The complexation of diammoniohexaethylene cation (DAHE cation) with α-CD in aqueous solution was discussed by using 1H NMR and 2D NOESY NMR spectra.
Effect of α-Cyclodextrin on the Hydration of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Water
Authors: Wang An Sheng , Matsui Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The 1H NMR spectrometry of aliphatic aldehydes in D2O showed that the addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) causes a marked change in the hydration equilibrium of ethanal in favor of the unhydrated aldehyde. The inhibitory effect of α-CD on hydration was smaller in propanal than in ethanal and negligible in butanal, pentanal, and hexanal.
Effect of Catalyst Preparation on the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over SrO–La2O3
Authors: Okabe Kiyomi , Sayama Kazuhiro , Kusama Hitoshi , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The surface Sr/La ratio of SrO–La2O3 catalysts was almost unchanged within the bulk ratio of Sr/La = 0.02—0.2 when calcined at 1173 K. The reaction results showed that the selectivity to C2+ hydrocarbons depends on the catalyst preparation, which affects the surface morphology and the basicity of the catalysts.
Formation of Stable Gel Colors of Calcium Alginate
Authors: Takahashi Yasuko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
By a newly developed gel-preparation method using binary aqueous mixed solvents, such as a methanol–water or an ethanol–water mixture, before gelation as a sol solvent and after gelation as a gel environmental solvent, stable gel colors and xerogel colors of calcium alginate (Ca alg.) including photosensitive chlorophyll a (chl.a) were obtained. Ca alg. gel containing leucomalachite green (leuco-M) was made by using the same mixed solvents; after gelation by immersion in mixed solvents or in an acidic solution of various pH values, color development was investigated under ultraviolet irradiation (365 nm). From gel rupture stress measurements, absorption spectral measurements, and an X-ray diffraction study, etc., it was found that such gel-color stability mainly depends on the conformational stability of the host gel.
A Modification of Block–Walker’s Reaction Field for a Non-Ideal Dipole
Authors: Abe Takehiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Block-Walker’s reaction field derived from considering a distance-dependent relative permittivity for a point dipole in the center of a spherical cavity is modified for a non-ideal dipole directed along the radius vector. The reaction field energies of the non-ideal dipole for two special cases are compared with those of the point dipole in the center of the cavity. Thus, the validity of approximation of Block–Walker’s reaction field is investigated.