bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE BoLA‐A LOCUS ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN CATTLE
Authors: Stear M. J. , Pokorny T. S. , Echternkamp S. E. , Lunstra D. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAssociations between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and reproductive performance have been reported in humans, mice, rats, pigs and chickens. Only the A locus of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BOLA‐A) has been well characterized, and 42 alleles of this locus have been identified in American cattle. Four studies were conducted to examine the association between alleles of the BoLA‐A locus and reproductive performance. Testis size, which is an indicator of early puberty and increased fertility in young bulls, was examined in 440 yearling bulls from nine breeds with a gene substitution model that included the effects of breed, sire, age of dam and age or weight of the bull. Estimated breeding value for twinning was examined with a gene substitution model with 204 cattle from a herd with a high frequency of twinning. Fertility of potential partners having BOLA‐A locus alleles in common was examined in a prospective study involving 101 pure‐bred Hereford cows mated by artificial insemination to four pure‐bred Hereford bulls. The effect of homozygosity on birth weight, pre‐weaning weight gain and post‐weaning weight gain was estimated in a sample of 683 calves from nine breeds; 22% of the calves were apparently homozygous and 78% were heterozygous at the BOLA‐A locus. There were significant and large effects of some BOLA‐A locus alleles on paired testicular volume, but the analyses on the other traits did not show significant associations. Substitution of the W6.1 allele for the W9A allele reduced paired testicular volume by 150 & 44 cm3. The W6.1 allele has now been shown to influence a reproductive trait, a production trait and susceptibility to an economically important disease. Selection for these traits may influence the frequency of the large number of alleles at the BOLA‐A locus.
T‐CELL DEPLETION OF HUMAN BONE MARROW
Authors: Gee A. P. , Mansour V. , Weiler M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe myelo‐ablative effects of high‐dose therapy for refractory cancer can be overcome by the transplantation of bone marrow from an HLA‐matched normal donor. Suitable donors are available for only one patient in three, and even minor disparities at HLA loci can produce graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) in transplant recipients. Depletion of T lymphocytes from the marrow in vitro can reduce the incidence and severity of GvHD.In this paper we review the use of immunomagnetic cell separation for the depletion of mature T cells from bone marrow. This procedure uses monoclonal antibodies to identify the target cells. These are then rosetted with anti‐immunoglobulin‐coated paramagnetic microspheres and collected by exposure of the marrow to a magnetic field. Factors impacting the efficiency of the separation, including choice of anti‐immunoglobulin and monoclonal antibodies, incubation conditions and methods for residual cell detection, are outlined.The relative limitations and advantages of the method are discussed in relation to other techniques. It is concluded that the flexibility of the immunomagnetic procedure, in its ability to be used for both positive and negative selection of T‐cell subsets, or for pan‐T‐cell depletion, could make it the method of choice in this application.
ALLOTYPING FOR HLA CLASS I USING PLASMA AS ANTIGEN SOURCE
Authors: Grosse‐Wilde H. , Doxiadis I. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYImmunoadsorption of soluble HLA class I antigens onto immunobeads, one‐dimensional iso‐electric focusing of these proteins and subsequent immunoblot‐ting allows a biochemical identification of HLA class I allotypes. The distinct protein bands can be clearly attributed to particular HLA antigens and are comparable to those observed after detergent solubilization of membrane‐bound HLA antigens. Segregation analysis showed that the biochemically detected pattern of soluble class I gene products followed Mendelian inheritance. However, antigens such as HLA‐A1, ‐A2, ‐B8, and ‐B51 were not always clearly detectable, a phenomenon attributable to either different plasma concentrations of these HLA antigens or variable affinity of the monoclonal antibody used to capture class I antigens. These results show that in principle allotyping of HLA class I using plasma as the antigen source is feasible, but with the limitation that some antigens may not be easily detected in some individuals.
POSITIVE SELECTION OF Tac‐ (CD25) POSITIVE CELLS FOLLOWING T‐CELL ACTIVATION: USE OF IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR T‐CELL CLONING
Authors: Lundin K. E. A. , Ovigstad E. , Sollid L. M. , Gjertsen H. A. , Gaudernack G. , Thorsby E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have investigated if positive selection for cells expressing activation antigens, which appear on the cell surface during T‐lymphocyte activation, could be used for cloning purposes. For this purpose, we used paramagnetic, monodisperse Dynabeads coated with anti‐Tac monclonal antibody, which recognizes CD25 (interleukin‐2 receptor light chain). After the first 6–12 h of a primary response, depletion of Tac+ cells could largely abrogate the specific response. This indicated that the specifically responding cells were found among the Tac+ population. T‐cell cloning was thus performed on Tac+ blasts positively selected after 18 h of a primary response, at day 6 of a primary response or during secondary stimulation, and gave a high percentage of specific clones. This method is thus a good alternative to established techniques.
mAb KUL/05 IDENTIFIES A DENATURATION‐RESISTANT DETERMINANT SHARED BY CLASS II MHC PRODUCTS DR, DQ AND DP
Authors: Giacomini P. , Tecce R. , Nicotra M. R. , Cohen B. B. , Mazzilli M. C. , Natali P. G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYmAb KUL/05, a novel murine monoclonal antibody, reacts with molecules displaying the typical tissue distribution and molecular profile of class II MHC antigens. An extensive scrutiny employing serological and immunochemical assays on DR homozygous and DRα‐ mutant cell lines has shown that this reagent displays some additional, interesting features, namely mAb KUL/05 (a) binds in a broadly monomorphic fashion to cells of DR1 through seven specifities, (b) recognizes a determinant shared by a large proportion of DR, DQ and DPβ chains from most haplotypes, in both their monomeric and α chain‐associated forms, and (c) reacts with frozen, acetone‐fixed, as well as conventional, formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. Thus, mAb KUL/05 is likely to represent a useful adjunct for the study of the expression of class II MHC products in normal and pathological tissue specimens.
IMMUNOGENETIC STUDIES OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN MICE: III. NON‐H‐2 ANTIGENS AND GESTATION
Authors: Bobé P. , Kiger N. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCBA/J (H‐2k) females, mated with DBA/2 J (H‐2d) or DBA/1 J (H‐2q) males, exhibit a high rate of fetal resorption. In contrast, when H‐2 identical CBA substrains (i.e. CBA/Ca and CBA/N) are used, this phenomenon is not observed. On the other hand, before mating with DBA/2 J males, pre‐immunization of CBA/J females with spleen cells coming from BALB/c J or (DBA/2 x BALB/c J) F1 males (and not from other H‐2d identical males whatever their Mls alleles) has significantly decreased the fetal resorption rate. Thus, immunization against determinants other than classical H‐2d (K, I, D, L) antigens (transmitted as a dominant character and different from Mls determinants) can elicit anti‐abortive effects. Furthermore, it was observed that the spleen cell endowed with the anti‐abortive effects was neither a T nor a B lymphocyte. In contrast, peritoneal cells were able to reproduce the phenomenon, indicating that it may be mediated by a cell of the macrophage‐monocyte lineage. Finally, a first gestation was substituted for allo‐immunization of CBA/J females. The anti‐abortive effects of a first pregnancy by BALB/c J males (and not by other H‐2k syngeneic or H‐2d allogeneic males) was observed in the course of a second pregnancy sired by DBA/2 J males. These data can be interpreted in terms of maternal recognition of an antigen present on both macrophages and trophoblast cells and necessary for a successful gestation, which is coded for by genes outside the K, I, D, L regions.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION VIA MHC CLASS II ANTIGENS ON B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Mooney N. , Hivroz C. , Ziai‐Talebian S. , Grillot‐Courvalin C. , Charron D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe role of the MHC class II antigens in the activation of resting human B lymphocytes (B‐Go) was examined with respect to both early and late events in the activation process.The (Ca2+)i induced by anti‐IgM was enhanced in the presence of, or following pre‐incubation with, an anti‐MHC class II DR antibody (D1.12). Pre‐incubation with a sepharose conjugated antibody (Seph.‐D1.12) augmented the proliferation of B‐Go in response to a sub‐optimal concentration of anti‐IgM.The 2D PAGE profile of B‐Go differed from that of in vivo activated B lymphocytes. The 2D PAGE profile of B‐Go activated by Seph.‐D1.12 was not identical to the profile of B‐Go activated by either anti‐IgM or PMA.These data suggest that the activation of B‐Go via the class II antigens shares part of the pathway of anti‐IgM induced activation but does not follow an identical pathway.
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BETA hCG, HLA AND OTHER MEMBRANE ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON BLADDER TUMOURS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO TUMOUR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TIL)
Authors: Oliver R. T. D. , Nouri A. M. E. , Crosby D. , Iles R. L. , Navarette C. , Martin J. , Bodmer W. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYExpression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) by bladder tumours has been shown to be associated with increased metastases and resistance to treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preliminary results from typing frozen tumours using monoclonal antibodies against HLA determinants show reduced or lost expression of one or more antigens in two thirds of patients studied with a trend for more malignant behaviour and inability to generate tumour infiltrating lymphocyte expression using Interleukin‐2 in those patients whose tumours demonstrate loss. In this series βhCG expression was only seen in a subgroup of those demonstrating loss of HLA antigen expression. Studies of βhCG secreting bladder cancer cell lines showed that it was possible to induce class II HLA antigen expression with gamma Interferon, and that this treatment but not alpha Interferon reduced βhCG production by the cell line.
NOVEL HUMAN MHC CLASS I GENES ARE EXPRESSED BY TUMOUR CELL LINES REPRESENTING EMBRYONIC AND EXTRAEMBRYONIC TISSUES
Authors: Rinke de Wit T. F. , Vloemans A. A. , Van Den Elsen P. J. , Ward J. , Sutcliffe R. C. , Glazebrook J. , Haworth A. , Stern P. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe expression of HLA class I(‐like) genes was studied in two human developmental turnour cell lines representing embryonic (Tera‐2) and extra‐embryonic (Jeg‐3) origins. Neither cell line expresses polymorphic HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C antigens as determined by standard serological typing. Tera‐2 cells express the HLA class I‐like T cell system A (TCA) determinants; Jeg‐3 cells are TCA negative. Northern blot analysis using an HLA class I α3 domain specific probe revealed markedly reduced levels of HLA class I(‐like) transcripts in both cell lines, which can be upregulated in Tera‐2 cells by incubation with gamma interferon (γIFN). Immunoprecipitation studies with a large panel of HLA class I/beta‐2 microglobulin (β2m) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), detect low quantities of regular HLA class I heavy chains that are not associated with β2m on the surface of Tera‐2 cells. In contrast, Jeg‐3 cells express significant amounts of cell membrane β2m associated molecules of 41 and 45 kilodalton (kD). Screening of a Tera‐2 cDNA library, yielded 30 clones that hybridize to a full length HLA class I cDNA probe. Sixteen have been characterized and represent HLA class I sequences, consistent with the haplotype of Tera‐2. A similar screening of a Jeg‐3 cDNA library isolated clones representing a single novel HLA‐C‐like sequence; this probably codes for the 45 kD cell surface molecules of Jeg‐3. The 41 kD molecule may be encoded by the HLA‐6.0 gene since this is constitutively expressed in Jeg‐3 cells.
MHC CLASS I EXPRESSION ON HUMAN TUMOUR CELLS AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NK LYSIS
Authors: Pena J. , Solana R. , Alonso M. C. , Santamaria M. , Serrano R. , Ramirez R. , Carracedo J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAlthough natural killer (NK) activity is not restricted by the major histocompati‐bility complex (MHC), it has been suggested that the level of expression of MHC antigens by target cells may influence their lysis by NK cells. We have studied the NK susceptibility of 20 cell lines obtained from primitive and metastatic human tumours and the K562 cell line treated with γ‐interferon, phorbol ester TPA and tumour factor NK‐RIF.When the levels of MHC class I antigen expression on the human tumour cell lines and their NK susceptibility were compared, no relationship between these two parameters was observed. Futhermore the treatment of K562 with either γ‐interferon, TPA or NK‐RIF decreased its NK susceptibility independently of MHC class I expression.These results indicate that the MHC class I antigen is not the only factor directly involved in NK susceptibility and suggest that other membrane structures modulated by γ‐interferon, TPA or NK‐RIF may also influence NK susceptibility.
SUSCEPTIBILITY EPITOPE ON HLA‐DR β CHAIN FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THE EFFECT OF THE POSITIVITY ON THE CLINICAL FEATURES
Authors: Takeuchi F. , Matsuta K. , Watanabe Y. , Tokunaga K. , Juji T. , Miyamoto T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA highly significant association of an amino acid sequence, ‘70Q71R72R73A74A’ located on the DRβ‐1 chain, with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was confirmed in Japanese patients using polymerase chain reaction. The ‘70QRRA74A’ is the most plausible candidate of susceptibility epitope in Japanese RA patients. The patients carrying the sequence showed slightly higher but not significant familial incidence. The positivity of the ‘QRRAA’ showed no effect on the positivity of the rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid nodules, and extra‐articular signs. Also no significant differences in other clinical parameters (ESR, CRP, Hb, A/G) and age at onset were observed regarding the positivity. The risk that the ‘QRRAA’ positive subjects would suffer from RA was estimated to be about 1.3% which meant 7.2 times easier to get RA than those without ‘QRRAA’.
LINKAGE OF NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE TO A MUTAGEN GENE (Nrm‐1) TO THE AGOUTI LOCUS IN THE RAT
Authors: Stolc Viktor 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe ACI or BDIV rats responded with decreased or increased neutrophil levels in blood after the N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) administration. The F1 hybrids had decreased neutrophil counts, and the BDIV × (BDIV × AC1)Fl backcross offspring showed two phenotypes. The sex of the rats and the neutrophil response to MNU assorted independently. The results indicated that the neutrophil response to MNU was regulated by autosomal gene Nrm‐1 with two alleles. The Nrm‐Id regulates the decrease and the Nrm‐1i regulates the increase of neutrophils in blood after the MNU administration. The results were confirmed by the SKUMIX computer program.We found that the Nrm‐1 gene was linked to the agouti locus (chi‐square = 10–3, P < 0.001). The map distance between two genes was 33 ± 5 cM. The Nrm‐1 gene thus resides on the linkage group IV of the rat.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF LEISHMANIA MEXICANA INFECTION IN MICE: SINGLE GENE (Scl‐2) CONTROLLED PREDISPOSITION TO CUTANEOUS LESION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Roberts M. , Alexander J. , Blackwell J. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSubcutaneous inoculation of Leishmania mexicana amastigotes into the shaven rumps of DBA/2 mice results in a unique ‘no lesion growth’ phenotype not observed in other mouse strains. Statistical analysis (Kolmogorov‐Smirnov and log likelihood tests) of lesion diameters in F1, F2 and backcross progeny from (C57BL/6 × DBA/2) matings indicate that segregation between lesion growth and no lesion growth phenotypes comes under single gene control. The gene has been designated Scl‐2 for susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis locus 2. Preliminary mapping studies using 12 of the 26 BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains suggest a location for Scl‐2 near Xmmv‐8 on a region of mouse chromosome 4 showing homology with human 9p. The identification and mapping of this murine resistance gene could provide an important tool for genetic analysis of susceptibility and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in man.
RABBIT MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IV. EXPRESSION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS II GENES
Authors: Spieker‐Polet H. , Sittisombut N. , Yam P.‐C. , Knight K. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe rabbit MHC class II DP, DQ, and DR alpha and beta chain genes were transfected into murine B lymphoma cells. The transfected cells expressed R‐DQ and R‐DR molecules on the cell surface but they did not express the R‐DP genes either on the cell surface or at the level of mRNA. Northern blot analyses showed that the R‐DP genes were expressed, albeit at low levels, in rabbit spleen. Similar analyses showed that the R‐DQ and R‐DR genes were expressed at high levels in rabbit spleen. A new monoclonal anti‐rabbit class II antibody, RDR34, has been developed and shown to react with the R‐DR transfected cells and not with the R‐DQ transfected cells. The previously described monoclonal anti‐rabbit class II antibody, 2C4, reacted with the R‐DQ transfected cells and not with the R‐DR transfected cells. Thus, 2C4 and RDR34 MAb's are specific for the R‐DQ and R‐DR molecules, respectively. Each of the antibodies reacted with approximately 50% of rabbit spleen cells as shown by immunofluorescent antibody studies.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF H‐2 CLASS I MOLECULES EXPRESSED ON THE UV‐INDUCED TUMOUR 1591
Authors: McKinney D. M. , McMillan M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have biochemically characterized by 2D (two‐dimensional) electrophoresis three novel class I molecules called A166, A149 and A216 expressed by 1591, a UV‐induced fibrosarcoma, and have compared them to class I molecules expressed by mice of the H‐2q and H‐2s haplotypes. A166 and A149 are very similar if not identical to Dq and Lq respectively. We have shown, using HPLC (high‐pressure liquid chromatography) tryptic peptide mapping, that the expression of A166 is approximately three fold greater than A149, reminiscent of Dd compared to Ld. In addition A216 possess an identical isoelectric point to that of the Ks molecule. We demonstrate that outbred Swiss Webster mice express an analogous constellation of class I molecules and we conclude that our results can be most easily interpreted in terms of an allogeneic origin for the novel class I molecules expressed on 1591.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF RHESUS (Rh) BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS
Authors: Gahmberg C. G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAlthough the molecular nature of several blood group antigens was established in 1950–1980, the identification and characteristics of the Rh‐antigens long remained unsolved. In 1982 two groups were able to conclusively identify the Rh0(D) antigen as a cell surface polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of about 30 000. This protein has now been relatively well characterized. It seems to lack carbohydrate, it is strongly bound to the membrane skeleton, and it is posttranslationally modified by fatty acid acylation. Its NH2‐terminal amino acid sequence has been determined. It is relatively hydrophobic, and its absence or decrease results in fragile erythrocytes or spherocytes. Its wide distribution in erythrocytes of various animals indicates that it plays an important physiological role.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE FUCOSYLATION OF ABH PRECURSOR CHAINS. EVIDENCE FOR NEW EPISTATIC INTERACTIONS IN DIFFERENT CELLS AND TISSUES
Authors: Oriol R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe general structure of the ABH antigens is analysed taking into account six possible precursor chains and two α‐2‐fucosyltransferases. The classical genetic model with one structural gene and two regulatory genes for the synthesis of the H antigen and the events which prompted the proposal of the new model with two structural genes for the synthesis of H determinants are discussed.Three human α‐3‐fucosyltransferases with different acceptor specificity are presented. Myeloid type of α‐3‐fucosyltransferase, which transfers fucose on to H type 2, serum type of α‐3‐fucosyltransferase, which transfers fucose on to H type 2 and sialyl‐N‐acetyl‐lactosamine and Lewis or α‐3/4‐fucosyltransferase, which transfers fucose on to H type 1 and H type 2 and the corresponding sialylated structures.The presence of different ABH and Lewis antigens in different tissues and the different epistatic interactions needed to account for their synthesis are analysed in terms of new epistatic interactions with either the known fucosyltransferases or with new fucosyltransferases.
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN Rh MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MABS)
Authors: Kumpel B. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAnti‐D and anti‐c monoclonal antibodies (MABS) were found to be heterogeneous with respect to their activity in five cell‐mediated functional assays. The two IgG3 MABS promoted greater rosette formation of red cells with monocytes than the IgG1 MABS. Discrepant results were obtained by different laboratories for the relative effectiveness of the MARS in promoting monocyte‐mediated red cell phagocytosis and lysis, which may have been due to variations in the assay methods used. The IgG3 anti‐D MAB promoted greater monocyte chemi‐luminescence than the IgG3 anti‐c MAB, but of these two MABs only the anti‐c mediated lysis of red cells in lymphocyte ADCC assays. The majority of the IgG1 anti‐r) MABS were ineffective at promoting red cell lysis by lymphocytes (K cells), but two were active even when diluted 1 in 300. There was no correlation of functional activity with red cell sensitization levels, IgG concentration or D epitope specificity of the MABS.
REPORT OF STUDIES ON MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MABS) TO COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS
Authors: Voak D. , Nilsson U. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwenty‐five monoclonal antibodies (MABS) to complement components were evaluated according to the ISBT/ICSH protocol by twelve laboratories. Seven detected some form of C3c, but one of them, 174, did not react with EiC3b, although it was positive with ‘EC3b’ (Fruitstone). 174 may detect some form of enzyme sensitive C3b antigen, but C3a was not evaluated (present on ‘EC3b’ Fruitstone). Twelve of the antibodies were anti‐C3d, one was an anti‐C3g and five were anti‐C4c.
INCREASED INTERLEUKIN‐2 RECEPTOR AFFINITY IN NORMAL HLA A1 B8 DR3 SUBJECTS
Authors: Pomier G. , Vindimian M. , Healy J. C. , Le Petit J. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwenty‐two subjects (11 HLA A1 B8 DR3, 11 non‐A1 B8 DR3) were tested for the capacity of their lymphocytes to express Tac molecules and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) receptors (quantified using radiolabelled IL‐2) after mitogen stimulation. Ten of these subjects (five Al B8 DR3 and five non‐A1 B8 DR3) were also tested for the ability of their lymphocytes to proliferate under IL‐2 stimulation. Al B8 DR3 subjects express a normal number of high‐affinity IL‐2 receptor sites, but the affinity of these receptors sites is significantly increased. Unexpectedly, Al B8 DR3 lymphoblasts show a lower response to IL‐2 than non‐Al B8 DR3 for high doses of recombinant IL‐2.
DNA‐RFLP METHODS and INTERPRETATION SCHEME FOR HLA‐DR and DQ TYPING
Authors: Bidwell J.L. , Bignon J.D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDNA‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing is a well established and standard technique for identification of HLA‐DR and DQ allotypes. We present a detailed review of methods for RFLP analysis and a scheme for interpretation of results. This scheme permits the routine identification of HLA‐DR and DO allotypes using the restriction endonucleases Taql and either HindIII or Mspl.