bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxygen plasma treatment of indium tin oxide for organic solar cell
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichi , Hamagaki Manabu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the contribution of oxygen ions and electrons in the oxygen plasma treatment of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for organic solar cell (ITO/CuPc/C60/CuPc/Al). The cell characteristics were markedly improved by the treatments using positive oxygen ions and electrons. In the case of treatment by positive oxygen ions, short‐circuit photocurrent density increased markedly. The enhancement of photocurrent was explained in terms of a lowering of the total resistance between the CuPc layer and ITO due to an increase in the work function and highly oriented stacking in CuPc molecular configurations during the growth process. In the case of treatment by electrons, on the other hand, the fill factor showed a high value of about 0.5. However, further studies are needed for confirmation of this phenomenon. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(4): 1–7, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20313
Electrodeposited Nickel/Platinum Alloy as a Biosensor for Acetyl Choline
Authors: Shibli S. M. A. , Beenakumari K. S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNickel and platinum find extensive use in preparation of biosensors. In the present work, Ni/Pt alloy was plated on graphite to make acetylcholine sensor. The microstructure, surface composition and electrochemical performance of the electrode was analyzed by different techniques. The sensing performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The prepared alloy plate exhibited very good linear relationship between acetyl choline concentration and response current. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the prepared electrode were found better than other nickel electrodes reported.
Real‐time environmental site management: Example of automation of the borehole logging process
Authors: Fattahipour Mitra , Pawlowicz Richard , Versteeg Roelof 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEnvironmental management presently relies on outdated, legacy workflow processes to collect, evaluate, and communicate field data used to characterize and monitor contaminants that have been released to air, soil, surface water, and groundwater that may pose a human and/or ecological health risk.These field data are used to make critical time‐sensitive decisions regarding the fate and transport of contaminants and the safety of workers and the public. Unfortunately, field data are generally collected manually, and accessibility is often delayed for months while the data are hand‐transcribed from field logbooks using a variety of client‐based software. With advances in available technology such as wireless devices, sensors, motes, and radio frequency identification tags (RFIDs), on‐demand environmental data analysis is slowly becoming a reality. This article presents a discussion of automating borehole logging and data processing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees
Authors: Nath Subhan C. , Baruah Akhil , Kanjilal Purnendu B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe composition of leaf essential oil of Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees, growing wild in northeast India, was studied by GC and GC‐MS. Twenty‐five components representing 98.8% of the total oil were identified. Cinnamaldehyde [=(E)‐cinnamaldehyde] was the major component which alone constituted 89.8% of the oil. Other components above 1% concentration in the oil are linalool (2.6), (Z)‐cinnamaldehyde (1.2) and α‐pinene (1.0). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition of the volatiles of three wild Bergenia species from western China
Authors: Zhao Jiayuan , Liu Jimei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Zhijun , Tsering Tashi , Zhong Yang , Nan Peng 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVolatiles were distilled from leaves of three Bergenia species collected from Yunnan, Xinjiang and Tibet in western China and analyzed using GC/MS instrumentation. The contents of extractable volatiles varied substantially among the three species with B. crassifolia having approximately 0.05% dry wt (v/w), B. purpurscens 0.01% (v/w) and B. stracheyi 0.13% (v/w), respectively. In B. crassifolia, the main components were present as 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol (26.56%), hexadecanoic acid (16.06%), dodecanoic acid (9.99%), linalool (5.63%) and octadecadienoic acid (4.10%). In B. purpurascens, the main components were β‐eudesmol (18.63%), phytol (14.50%), hexadecanoic acid (13.05%), n‐nonacosane (9.19%) and 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol (7.52%). In B. stracheyi, 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol was the dominant sort of volatile (52.71%), whereas detected major constituents included β‐eudesmol (7.44%), damascenone (3.22%), caryophyllene (2.75%) and phytol (2.57%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GABAergic signaling in young granule cells in the adult rat and mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Karten Yashmin J.G. , Jones Meredith A. , Jeurling Sara I. , Cameron Heather A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThroughout most of the developing brain, including the hippocampus, GABAergic synapses are the first to become functional. Several features of GABAergic signaling change across development, suggesting that this signaling in the immature brain may play important roles in the growth of young neurons and the establishment of networks. To determine whether GABAAreceptor (GABAAR)‐containing synapses in new neurons born in the adult dentate gyrus have similar immature features, we examined spontaneous and evoked GABAAR‐mediated synaptic currents in young (POMC‐EGFP or doublecortin‐immunostained) granule cells in acute slice preparations from adult mice and rats. Spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were observed in nearly all immature granule cells, but their frequency was considerably lower and their decay time constant was nearly two times longer than in neighboring mature (doublecortin‐nonimmunoreactive or EGFP‐nonexpressing) granule cells within the subgranular zone. Evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) in mature granule cells, but not immature granule cells, were sensitive to zolpidem, suggesting a maturational increase in GABAAR α1‐subunit expression. Perforated‐patch recording revealed that eIPSCs depolarized young neurons, but hyperpolarized mature neurons. The early establishment of synaptic GABAergic inputs slow IPSC decay time, and depolarizing action of eIPSCs are remarkably similar to features previously seen in neurons during development, suggesting that they are intrinsic features of immature neurons and not functions of the surrounding circuitry. These developmental features in adult‐born granule cells could play a role in maturational processes such as developmental cell death. However, treatment of adult mice with GABAAR agonists and an inverse agonist did not significantly alter the number of 4‐ to 14‐day‐old BrdU‐labeled cells. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forces and torques during fracture reduction: Intraoperative measurements in the femur
Authors: Gösling Thomas , Westphal Rolf , Faülstich Jens , Sommer Kirsten , Wahl Friedrich , Krettek Christian , Hufner Tobias 
Published: January 2006

AbstractReduction is a crucial step in fracture treatment. We determined intraoperative peak forces and torques during fracture reduction in seven patients with eight fractures of the femoral shaft. All fractures were temporarily stabilized by external fixation. Force and torque measurements were performed during the subsequent intramedullary nailing procedure. A three‐dimensional load cell was attached to the distal femur fragment using two Schanz screws. All forces and torques were registered on‐line during the reduction process. The maximum resulting force was 411 N, the maximum resulting torque 74 N · m. The highest force was observed along the shaft axis with 396 N for distraction. The maximum torque value was measured around the frontal axis, being 74 N · m for antecurvature. These results may assist the development of new reduction techniques and devices. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:333–338, 2006
Raman spectroscopy of three polymorphs of BiVO4: clinobisvanite, dreyerite and pucherite, with comparisons to (VO4)3‐bearing minerals: namibite, pottsite and schumacherite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Henry Dermot A. , Weier Matt L. , Martens Wayde 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBoth Raman and infrared spectroscopy have been used to characterise the three phase‐related minerals—dreyerite (tetragonal BiVO4), pucherite (orthorhombic BiVO4) and clinobisvanite (monoclinic BiVO4)—and a comparison of the spectra is made with that of the minerals namibite (Cu(BiO2)VO4(OH)), schumacherite (Bi3O(OH)(VO4)2) and pottsite (PbBiH(VO4)2·2H2O). Pucherite, clinobisvanite and namibite are characterised by VO4 stretching vibrations at 872, 824 and 846 cm−1. The Raman spectrum of dreyerite shows complexity in the 750 to 950 cm−1 region with two intense bands at 836 and 790 cm−1 assigned to the symmetric and antisymmetric VO4 modes. The minerals schumacherite and pottsite are characterised by bands at 846 and 874 cm−1. In both the infrared and Raman, spectra bands are observed in the 1000–1100 cm−1 region which are attributed to the antisymmetric stretching modes. The Raman spectra of the low wavenumber region are complex. Bands are identified in the 328 to 370 cm−1 region and in the 404 to 498 cm−1 region and are assigned to the ν2 and ν4 bending modes. The minerals namibite and schumacherite are characterised by intense bands at 3514 and 3589 cm−1 assigned to the symmetric stretching vibrations of the OH units. Importantly, Raman spectroscopy enables new insights into the chemistry of these bismuth vanadate minerals. Raman spectroscopy enables the identification of the bismuth vanadate minerals in mineral matrices where paragenetic relationships exist between the minerals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of hydrotalcites with phosphate in the interlayer: implications for the removal of phosphate from water
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Musumeci Anthony W. , Kloprogge J. Theo , Adebajo Moses O. , Martens Wayde N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHydrotalcites with phosphate in the interlayer were prepared at different pH values. At pH > 11.0 (PO4)3− was the intercalated ionic species, whereas at pH < 11.0 a mixture of (PO4)3− and (HPO4)2− ions was intercalated. Powder X‐ray diffraction shows that the hydrotalcite formed at pH 9.5 is poorly diffracting with a d‐spacing of 11.9 Å; whereas the d(003) spacing for the phosphate interlayered hydrotalcite formed at pH 11.9 and 12.5 was 8.0 and 7.9 Å respectively. The addition of a thermally activated ZnAl‐HT to a phosphate solution resulted in the uptake of the phosphate and the reformation of the hydrotalcite. Raman spectroscopy of the phosphate interlayered hydrotalcites shows that the interlayered anion is pH dependent and only above pH 11.9 is the orthophosphate anion intercalated. At lower pH, the monohydrogen phosphate anion is intercalated. Raman spectroscopy shows that upon addition of the thermally activated hydrotalcite to an aqueous phosphate solution, results in the uptake of phosphate anion from the solution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early embryonic death‐associated changes in genome‐wide gene expression profiles in the fetal placenta of the cow carrying somatic nuclear‐derived cloned embryo
Authors: Oishi Masahito , Gohma Hiroshi , Hashizume Kazuyoshi , Taniguchi Yukio , Yasue Hiroshi , Takahashi Seiya , Yamada Takahisa , Sasaki Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSuccessful somatic nuclear transfer‐derived cloning has been reported in cattle; however, the cloned embryo is highly susceptible to death around day 60 of gestation leading to early embryonic loss. The early embryonic death is postulated to possibly arise in part from an atypical placentation. We have performed cDNA macroarray analysis using 3,353 of the previously cataloged 4,165 genes, in order to characterize the early embryonic death‐associated changes in genome‐wide gene expression profiles in the fetal placenta of the cow carrying somatic nuclear transfer‐derived cloned embryo. A more marked difference in the expression profiles was observed between the fetal placentas of the cows with the cloned immotile embryo (CD) and with the cloned motile embryo (CL) or artificial insemination‐derived motile embryo (AI), as compared to between the CL and AI placentas, suggesting an aberration of the expression profile in the CD placenta among the three placentas. Further, 291 and 77 genes showed more than twofold elevation and less than 50% reduction, respectively, in either or both of two CD (CD1 and CD2) placentas in comparison with the CL placenta, but no differential expression between the CL and AI placentas. The expression patterns of six genes in the AI, CL, and CD placentas were confirmed in an experiment with an additional sample for each of the three placentas. Among the placental genes showing the early embryonic death‐associated changes of expression in the cow with the cloned embryo, IGF2 (elevated gene), and HBA1, HBA2, SPTB, and SPTBN1 genes (reduced gene) are intriguing in that the changes of expression in these genes were observed in an additional sample of CD placenta as well as the CD1 and CD2 placentas, and in that overexpression (for IGF2) and dysfunction or deficiency (for HBA1, HBA2, SPTB, and SPTBN1) result in embryonic lethality. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo expression of interferon tau mRNA by the embryonic trophoblast and uterine concentrations of interferon tau protein during early pregnancy in the cow
Authors: Robinson R.S. , Fray M.D. , Wathes D.C. , Lamming G.E. , Mann G.E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this study, we have measured uterine concentrations of interferon tau and intensity of embryonic interferon tau mRNA expression between day 14 and 18 in cows. While interferon tau concentrations rose dramatically (P < 0.001) from day 14 to 18, there was no significant increase in the intensity of expression of interferon tau mRNA by the trophoblast. When results were analyzed on the basis of embryo size, well elongated embryos (>10 cm) produced significantly (P < 0.001) more interferon tau than smaller embryos but showed similar levels of interferon tau mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that the increase in interferon tau concentrations responsible for the maternal recognition of pregnancy results from the increase in embryo size during elongation and not from any upregulation of mRNA expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐promoting physical activity of adults with mental retardation
Authors: Stanish Heidi I. , Temple Viviene A. , Frey Georgia C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis literature review describes the physical activity behavior of adults with mental retardation consistent with the U.S. Surgeon General's recommendation of 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on 5 or more days per week. The proportion of participants achieving this criterion ranges from 17.5 to 33%. These data are likely to be generous estimates of activity as individuals included in physical activity studies to date have been relatively young and healthy volunteers with mild to moderate limitations. Major sources of physical activity were walking and cycling for transport, chores and work, dancing, and Special Olympics. There is a pressing need to conduct studies using appropriately powered representative samples and to validate measures that assess physical activity less directly; including methodologies in which proxy respondents are used. Accurate information about existing patterns of behavior will enhance the development of effective strategies to promote physical activity among persons with mental retardation. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:13–21. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vision and oral health needs of individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Owens Pamela L. , Kerker Bonnie D. , Zigler Edward , Horwitz Sarah M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOver the past 20 years, there has been an increased emphasis on health promotion, including prevention activities related to vision and oral health, for the general population, but not for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This review explores what is known about the prevalence of vision problems and oral health conditions among individuals with ID, presents a rationale for the increased prevalence of these conditions in the context of service utilization, and examines the limitations of the available research. Available data reveal a wide range of prevalence estimates for vision problems and oral health conditions, but all suggest that these conditions are more prevalent among individuals with ID compared with the general population, and disparities exist in the receipt of preventive and early treatment for these conditions for individuals with ID. Recommendations for health improvement in these areas include better health planning and monitoring through standardized population‐based data collection and reporting and increased emphasis on health promotion activities and early treatment in the healthcare system. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:28–40. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial differentiation
Authors: Rakha EA , Putti TC , Abd El‐Rehim DM , Paish C , Green AR , Powe DG , Lee AH , Robertson JF , Ellis IO 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical profile of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial phenotypes to obtain a better understanding of their biological behaviour and nature. One thousand nine hundred and forty‐four invasive breast carcinomas were examined, using tissue microarray (TMA) technology and immunohistochemistry, to identify those tumours that showed basal and myoepithelial phenotypes, and their immunophenotype profile was characterized using a variety of markers. In addition, haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of these tumours were studied for several morphological parameters. The findings were correlated with patient and tumour characteristics and outcome data. Tumours were classified into two groups: (1) tumours with basal phenotype [expressing one or both basal markers (CK5/6 and/or CK14)] and (2) tumours with myoepithelial phenotype (expressing SMA and/or p63). Group 1 was further subdivided into two subgroups: (A) dominant basal pattern (more than 50% of cells positive) and (B) basal characteristics (10–50% of cells positive). Group 1 tumours constituted 18.6% (8.6% and 10% for groups 1A and 1B, respectively) and group 2 constituted 13.7% of the cases. In both groups, the most common histological types were ductal/no specific type, tubular mixed and medullary‐like carcinomas; the majority of these tumours were grade 3. There were positive associations with adenoid cystic growth pattern, loss of tubule formation, marked cellular pleomorphism, poorer Nottingham prognostic index, and development of distant metastasis. In addition, associations were found with loss of expression of steroid hormone receptors and FHIT proteins and positive expression of p53 and EGFR. The most common characteristics in group 1 were larger size, high‐grade comedo‐type necrosis, development of tumour recurrence, and absence of lymph node disease. Group 2 tumours were more common in younger patients and were associated with central acellular zones, basaloid change, and positive E‐cadherin protein expression. Group 1 characteristics were associated with both reduced overall survival (OS) [log rank (LR) = 22.5, p < 0.001] and reduced disease‐free interval (DFI) (LR = 30.1, p < 0.001), while group 2 characteristics showed an association with OS (LR = 5, p = 0.02) but not with DFI. Multivariate analysis showed that basal, but not myoepithelial, phenotype has an independent value in predicting outcome. Breast cancers with basal and myoepithelial phenotypes are distinct groups of tumours that share some common morphological features and an association with poor prognosis. The basal rather than the myoepithelial phenotype has the strongest relationship with patient outcome. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lethal double infection with Acremonium strictum and Aspergillus fumigatus during induction chemotherapy in a child with ALL
Authors: Foell J. L. , Fischer M. , Seibold M. , Borneff‐Lipp M. , Wawer A. , Horneff G. , Burdach S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients during chemotherapeutic treatments and malignant hematologic disease. We present a case of a double fungal infection with disseminated Acremonium strictum (A. strictum) and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) and its rapid clinical course. A 17‐year‐old boy with prolonged neutropenia developed a disseminated fungal infection during induction chemotherapy of his acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The infection was rapidly lethal despite neutrophil recovery and early antifungal combination therapy with amphotericin B and caspofungin. Since there are only a few reports about invasive Acremonium infections, we present this case with regard to differences in the clinic pathologic features of Aspergillosis and other opportunistic fungal infections due to Fusarium or Acremonium species. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:858–861. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collection, storage, and infusion of stem cells in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma: Saving for a rainy day
Authors: Grupp Stephan A. , Cohn Susan L. , Wall Donna , Reynolds C. Patrick 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this position statement issued by the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Discipline and the Neuroblastoma Disease Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG), we address the feasibility and advisability of collecting sufficient peripheral blood stem cells in neuroblastoma patients to both support the planned initial HDC/SCR procedure(s) as well as allow for therapies, potentially utilized after a recurrence of disease, that may require PBSC support. An additional aliquot of cells for potential subsequent therapies could be collected at the time of the initial PBSC apheresis episode, by any of extending the collection time, extending the apheresis episode by a single day, or cryopreserving a separate aliquot from collections in which large numbers of CD34+ cells are collected. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pasteurella multocida lung and liver abscess in an immune‐competent child
Authors: Goussard P. , Gie R.P. , Steyn F. , Rossouw G.J. , Kling S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report on a 20‐month‐old infant with a complicated lung and liver abscess caused by Pasteurella multocida after the child had been in close contact with a domestic cat. Surgical drainage confirmed lung and liver abscesses connected to each other, with involvement of the diaphragm. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.