bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The failure of subcategorization of cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Todd Nicholas V. , Casey Adrian , Birch Nick C. 
Published: March 2024

The diagnostic sub-categorization of cauda equina syndrome (CES) is used to aid communication between doctors and other healthcare professionals. It is also used to determine the need for, and urgency of, MRI and surgery in these patients. A recent paper by Hoeritzauer et al (2023) in this journal examined the interobserver reliability of the widely accepted subcategories in 100 patients with cauda equina syndrome. They found that there is no useful interobserver agreement for the subcategories, even for experienced spinal surgeons. This observation is supported by the largest prospective study of the treatment of cauda equina syndrome in the UK by Woodfield et al (2023). If the accepted subcategories are unreliable, they cannot be used in the way that they are currently, and they should be revised or abandoned. This paper presents a reassessment of the diagnostic and prognostic subcategories of cauda equina syndrome in the light of this evidence, with a suggested cure based on a more inclusive synthesis of symptoms, signs, bladder ultrasound scan results, and pre-intervention urinary catheterization. This paper presents a reassessment of the diagnostic and prognostic subcategories of CES the light of this evidence, with a suggested cure based on a more inclusive synthesis of symptoms, signs, bladder ultrasound scan results, and pre-intervention urinary catheterization.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):227–231.
March 2024 Pulmonary Case of the Month: A Nodule of a Different Color
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Wesselius Lewis 
Published: March 2024

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. History of Present Illness The patient is a 73-year-old woman from Wisconsin seen in January 2024 for lung nodules. She had been followed by her physician in Wisconsin for lung nodules but had never had a biopsy or specific diagnosis. She reported that the nodules “waxed and waned.” Her Wisconsin physician suggested she be evaluated in Arizona. She has occasional cough attributed to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, but denies sputum production, fever, chills or shortness of breath Past Medical History, Family History and Social History •	Rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in her 30s, although not currently on any treatment. •	Breast cancer 2006, treated with chemoradiation •	Osteoporosis •	Family history: negative for lung cancer or other lung disorders •	Social History: Lifelong nonsmoker Medications •	None Physical Examination •	Unremarkable Laboratory •	Normal CBC •	Cocci serology: negative •	Rheumatoid factor: elevated 61 U/ml (normal < 15) •	Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody: negative •	Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: normal Radiology A thoracic CT of …
Physician factors affecting patient preferences in selecting a primary care provider: A qualitative research study in Singapore
Authors: Lee Abigail Ern Jie , Ithinin Sulaiha , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: March 2024

Background
Care continuity by a dedicated, well-trained primary care physician (PCP) has shown to improve health outcomes of patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In Singapore’s fee-for-service primary care system, patients can choose to consult any PCP in either a public (polyclinic), private (General Practitioners/ GP), or both types of clinics, resulting in potential fragmented care. Decision-making by patients in selecting their preferred PCP remains unclear. This study aims to explore the personal factors influencing the choice of PCP among patients with NCDs in primary care.

Methods
This qualitative research study was conducted in a typical polyclinic. In-depth interviews were conducted on patients with NCDs. Purposive sampling was implemented to enrol patients who had previously consulted PCPs in polyclinics and GP clinics, garnering their perspectives and experiences of care received from both providers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and audited. Data was coded and analysed using thematic content analysis to identify emerging themes. The physician-specific factors which influence patients’ decision-making of PCP selection are presented here.

Results
Twenty-one Asian patients aged 38 to 82 years were interviewed. They preferred PCPs with an approachable and genuine demeanour, exhibiting empathy and compassion. They valued the PCPs’ verbal, non-verbal and listening skills. Regarding professional qualities, patients wanted PCPs to demonstrate competency and a patient-centred care approach. Some selected their PCP based on compatible age and gender that they felt comfortable with. Establishing good rapport with their PCP and maintaining continuity of care were deemed as major factors in patients’ PCP selection.

Conclusion
Patients tended to select PCPs based on their personal characteristics, interpersonal skills, professional attributes, demographics, and the physician-patient relationship. PCPs should be aware of these attributes and demonstrate them during their patient interaction. Leveraging on this enables PCPs to build rapport with their patients and maintain care continuity to optimize their health outcomes.
Perceived anxiety and depression and associated factors among women inmates with a long-term sentence in Thailand
Authors: Sunpuwan Malee , Thaweesit Suchada , Tangchonlatip Kanchana 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundIn Thailand, the growing prevalence of mental health problems among the increasing number of adult female prisoners has emerged as a significant public health concern. However, studies on the health of women prisoners are primarily conducted in Western societies, and studies in other countries are rare. Thailand, a non-western country, is no exception to this.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess the current levels of anxiety and depression among women drug offenders in Thailand and to identify possible associated factors.MethodsData were collected from a sample consisting of 554 women drug offenders serving sentences of eight years or more. Stratified random sampling with proportionate stratification was employed during the data collection. The female inmates were being held in three categories of prisons: correctional institutions, central prisons, and provincial prisons. A single question was used to measure self-perceived levels of anxiety and depression: none, moderate, or substantial. Ordered logit regression was employed in the data analysis.FindingsOne out of five (21.1%) of the inmates in the sample reported no perceived current anxiety and depression, 61.7% reported moderate anxiety and depression, and 17.1% reported having substantial perceived levels of anxiety and depression. It was found that chronic health conditions or disease, concerns about economic status, and feelings of shame were associated with the perceived anxiety and depression reported by the inmates.ConclusionThe study’s findings suggest that integrated mental health services that emphasize a holistic approach that acknowledges the intersectionality of women’s mental health and societal gender roles should be provided in prisons. Regular mental health screening and accessible mental health services are essential for all incarcerated women. Empowerment programs during confinement can boost self-esteem and thus lead to better post-release outcomes. The government should also implement programs to alleviate the financial burden on prisoners’ households.
Ensaio de aplicação do modelo sistémico e interativo à documentação da Misericórdia de Monforte, à guarda do Arquivo Histórico Municipal
Authors: Botelheiro Carrilho António Jorge 
Published: March 2024

Este texto resulta da inventariação das séries documentais de cinco fundos depositados pela Misericórdia de Monforte no Arquivo Municipal daquela vila, em outubro de 2021, a saber: Misericórdia de Monforte; Misericórdia de Assumar; Comissão de Assistência do Concelho de Monforte; Comissão de Assistência aos Pobres de Monforte; Clube Artístico Monfortense. Tem como principal objetivo estabelecer um quadro de classificação orgânico-funcional harmonizado com o modelo sistémico e interativo preconizado por Armando Malheiro da Silva (Silva, 2004, pp. 55-84), Fernanda Ribeiro, Júlio Ramos e Manuel Luís Real (Silva et al., 1999). Assente no pressuposto de que famílias e outras entidades públicas e privadas são sistemas dinâmicos que geram, contextualizam e recebem informação, comunicada através de um suporte material, o modelo propõe levar a cabo uma pesquisa, que forneça informação rigorosa sobre a documentação acumulada, tomando como referência a metodologia avançada por Paul de Bruyne, Jacques Herman e Marc de Schoutheete (1974, como citado em Silva et al., 1999, pp. 220-224)[1]. O arquivista assume o papel do cientista que procura compreender e explicar o objeto informacional (o documento) em toda a sua complexidade. Não nos arvorámos a tamanho empreendimento, porque era impossível fazê-lo em tão curto espaço de tempo e em tão limitado número de páginas, face a tão grande volume documental. Fica, no entanto, um contributo para trabalhos futuros de classificação e descrição, e a reflexão sobre a adequação do modelo a quaisquer massas documentais, partindo de uma análise à organização interna dos produtores e às motivações geradoras da documentação.

[1] O modelo sistémico e interativo resulta da aplicação de uma metodologia assente em quatro polos de análise de uma determinada realidade, destacando-se no polo teórico o “princípio da ação estruturante”, que é, no fundo, o conjunto de fatores que geram um Arquivo, a sua organização e função, e o da “integração dinâmica”, que consta das relações que o Arquivo experimenta com outros sistemas, influenciando-os e recebendo, ele próprio, os contributos daqueles (De Bruyne et al., 1974, como citado em Silva et al., 1999, pp. 220-224).
Non-homogeneous fully nonlinear contracting flows of convex hypersurfaces
Authors: Guan Pengfei , Huang Jiuzhou , Liu Jiawei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider a general class of non-homogeneous contracting flows of convex hypersurfaces in

R

n
+
1

${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$

, and prove the existence and regularity of the flow before extincting to a point in finite time.
Phytochemical and physicochemical studies of different apple varieties grown in Morocco
Authors: Mohammed Kara , Saghrouchni Hamza , El Abdali Youness , Amine Assouguem , Haoudi Nouha , El fadili Mohamed , Amar Aya , Hamijo Tareq , Var Isil , Ullah Riaz , Rachid Zerhouni Abdou , Jamila Bahhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe apple is an important part of the human diet and is one of the most popular fruits in Morocco, with varieties that are now suitable for human consumption. This study aims to clarify several aspects of apples, such as their physical and chemical compositions and nutrient profiles. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins were determined using spectrophotometer and organic acid compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The results show a significant difference between the several varieties under study in terms of their physico-chemical and phyto-chemical characteristics. In general, the studied apples are juiciness, with a percentage ranging from 60 to 71%. The pH values demonstrate how acidic the apples are. The Brix parameter denotes values greater than 13°Brix. Total polyphenols and condensed tannins (1154.65 ± 13.54 µg EAG/g and 514.09 ± 32.40 µg EAT/g, respectively) are more present in the Ahjjani variety than they are in other varieties. This demonstrates their good nutritional quality while not being consumable. However, the Story variety has a predominance of flavonoids (75.074 ± 2.309 µg QE/g) and flavones (45.074 ± 2.09 µg QE/g). The detection of organic acids has shown that the acid succinic is the most abundant in all the varieties of studied apple fruits. These results allow us to infer that non-consumable varieties are also important dietary sources of bioactive molecules, notably for polyphenols. The fact that these kinds can be used to produce other byproducts is therefore highly intriguing.
The Flipped Classroom Optimized Through Gamification and Team-Based Learning
Authors: Lopes Sergio Francisco Sargo Ferreira , Simões Jorge Manuel de Azevedo Pereira , Lourenço Justino Marco Ronda , Morais José Carlos Pereira de 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The increase in digital teaching and learning methodologies creates the opportunity for new educational approaches, both in terms of pedagogical practice and in the availability of new technological tools. The flipped classroom as an active teaching methodology is one example of blended learning (b-learning), which aims to harmonize and enhance the fusion of face-to-face teaching with online teaching, allowing students to get better use of both face-to-face contact with classmates and professors and digital teaching resources. However, active teaching methodologies allow us to merge educational techniques from different methodological approaches, for example, gamification and team-based learning (TBL), among others. This study aims to demonstrate how to implement a flipped classroom with the possibility of integrating gamification and TBL, indicating possibilities and challenges to overcome, through the comparative study and research carried out with students in higher education. The study was conducted with a group of 88 students from the engineering and technology fields, which showed that students have a very positive perception of active teaching methodologies and their teaching and learning techniques, especially those involving digital. Data collection was performed by a survey submitted to quantitative analysis using the Software SPSS version 28.
Study of energy loss, range, and stopping time for proton in germanium and copper materials
Authors: Hussien Ahlam Habeeb , Kadhim Rashid Owaid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the energy loss, range, and stopping time were calculated using the Bethe theory for protons in germanium and copper materials over an energy range of 0.01–1,000 MeV. The mathematical equations were programmed and implemented using MATLAB2013 to obtain the results for the relative mass stopping power and range, illustrated in tables and graphs. The computed results from the Bethe and Ziegler equations were compared with the experimental results from Pstar. The results showed a difference between the experimental and theoretical results at the beginning of the range used in the Bethe equation because it is a quantized equation that is not suitable for low energies. Hence, a correction term was proposed for the Bethe equation to correct the results at low energies, which produced negative values. On the other hand, the Ziegler equation showed good agreement along the range used as it is a semi-empirical equation. The range and stopping time of the incident particle increased with increasing incident particle energy in the mentioned materials.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyurethaneimide electro-optic waveguide material with novel structure
Authors: Wang Long-De , Tong Ling , Rong Jie-Wei , Wu Jian-Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Structurally novel fluorinated polyurethaneimide (PUI) electro-optic polymer based on chromophore molecule b, diisocyanate MDI and anhydride BPAFDA was synthesized by stepwise polymerization of oligomer PUI with fluorinated aromatic diamines BATB and BATPP. Electro-optic (EO) PUI chain structure had the structure of polyimide and polyurethane chain segments, integrating the advantages of polyimide and polyurethane. The PUI possessed good film-forming property, a high glass transition temperature (T
g = 193 °C) and good thermal stability (5 % weight loss temperature T
d up to 320 °C). Y-Structured inverted ridge polymer optical waveguides were designed and fabricated using the PUI as the waveguide core material. The PUI had good optical performance with an EO coefficient (γ33) of 79 pm/V and 1.1 dB/cm optical propagation loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The results showed that the synthesized PUI met the performance requirements for the preparation of polymer optical waveguide devices and was suitable as a polymer electro-optic waveguide material.
Exploring the viability of AI-aided genetic algorithms in estimating the crack repair rate of self-healing concrete
Authors: Tian Qiong , Lu Yijun , Zhou Ji , Song Shutong , Yang Liming , Cheng Tao , Huang Jiandong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As a potential replacement for traditional concrete, which has cracking and poor durability issues, self-healing concrete (SHC) has been the research subject. However, conducting lab trials can be expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, machine learning (ML)-based predictions can aid improved formulations of self-healing concrete. The aim of this work is to develop ML models that could analyze and forecast the rate of healing of the cracked area (CrA) of bacteria- and fiber-containing SHC. These models were constructed using gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) tools. The discrepancy between expected and desired results, statistical tests, Taylor’s diagram, and R
2 values were additional metrics used to assess the constructed models. A SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach was used to evaluate which input attributes were highly relevant. With R
2 = 0.93, MAE = 0.047, MAPE = 12.60%, and RMSE = 0.062, the GEP produced somewhat worse predictions than the MEP (R
2 = 0.93, MAE = 0.033, MAPE = 9.60%, and RMSE = 0.044). Bacteria had an indirect (negative) relationship with the CrA of SHC, while fiber had a direct (positive) association, according to the SHAP study. The SHAP study might help researchers and companies figure out how much of each raw material is needed for SHCs. Therefore, MEP and GEP models can be used to generate and test SHC compositions based on bacteria and polymeric fibers.
PLACE BRANDING, CIDADES INTELIGENTES E MÍDIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Wendell Barbosa Lessa Patrick , Gonçalves Silveira Fiates Gabriela , Antonio de Moraes Ocke Marco 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: mapear a produção científica acerca da relação de redes sociais e cidades inteligentes com o conceito de place branding. Abordagem: identifica-se a produtividade dos pesquisadores, a distribuição e frequência das palavras-chave mais. Além disto, apresenta-se uma análise sistemática sobre os principais temas abordados, verificando os principais objetivos e lacunas. Principais resultados: as principais palavras-chave utilizadas foram image, marketing, tourism e Instagram; há pouca produção que relacione os três temas; percebeu-se que os principais periódicos estão localizados na Europa; e identificou-se que Place branding turístico, Construção da imagem do lugar, Papel dos residentes do lugar, Marca verde do lugar são os principais temas dos artigos da base. Contribuições: a criação de novas oportunidades de pesquisas acerca dos temas abordados, detalhando quais são as principais lacunas que vários autores destacaram em seus trabalhos para que novos trabalhos sejam desenvolvidos.
DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO NO CONTEXTO TECNOLÓGICO NA PERCEPÇÃO DAS MULHERES
Authors: Castro Beatriz , Felipe Dias Lopes Luis , Medianeira Flores Costa Vânia , Kaczam Fabíola 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo do estudo: Compreender a percepção das mulheres em relação às oportunidades, aos desafios e às dificuldades encontradas em incubadoras tecnológicas, sob a luz da divisão sexual do trabalho. Metodologia/abordagem: Optou-se pela realização de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa que se realizou com nove mulheres vinculadas ao campo da tecnologia. A etapa de coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas elaboradas com o auxílio de um comitê de avaliação especializado. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio do software NVIVO®. Principais resultados: Os resultados revelam que a divisão sexual do trabalho vem sendo modificada e não superada. Além disso, denota-se que as demandas por participação consentem analisar a complexidade da dinâmica de dominação, composta por resistência e discriminação exacerbada ao gênero. Outrossim, a predominância masculina e o contexto histórico-cultural também delimitam a presença feminina na tecnologia, impactando na amplitude de profissionais na área. Contribuições acadêmicas: O tema em questão retrata uma demanda pertinente para diversas áreas do conhecimento, sobretudo naquelas em que os estudos ínfimos. Contribuições práticas: Os levantamentos do estudo auxiliam com a gestão de organizações de tecnologia, uma vez que poderão reavaliar seus quadros funcionais destinados as mulheres, bem como propor melhorias para o aperfeiçoamento profissional das mulheres, resultando numa possível ascensão profissional.
Drogas emergentes: detección mediante sensores electroquímicos
Authors: González-Hernández Jerson 
Published: March 2024

La cantidad de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas, popularmente conocidas como drogas emergentes, sintéticas o recreativas, aumenta en el mercado global cada año. El uso de nuevas tecnologías para la producción y comercialización de las sustancias, aunado a una demanda exigente de nuevos efectos psicotrópicos más potentes, son algunos de los factores que contribuyen al incremento de una oferta más variada, así como a la cantidad de consumidores de algún tipo de psicoestimulante.
El desarrollo de herramientas analíticas fiables con capacidad de respuesta in situ para una evaluación preliminar, contribuyen significativamente con la generación de información científica para atender casos de intoxicaciones, aplicar correctamente la legislación e inclusive aportar datos reales para una reclasificación más justa de las drogas basada en criterios objetivos.
Los sensores electroquímicos han ganado terreno en áreas como la toxicología y las ciencias forenses. Esencialmente, porque son dispositivos portátiles de fácil manipulación, altamente versátiles, con mínimos requerimientos en el tratamiento de la matriz y que necesitan cantidades muy pequeñas de muestra. Asimismo, las metodologías electroquímicas presentan excelentes parámetros de desempeño como bajos límites de detección, alta sensibilidad y muy buena precisión. Esta revisión se enfoca en la aplicación de sensores electroquímicos voltamperométricos para el análisis de drogas.
Survival and multidisciplinary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinic care at a United States Veterans Affairs medical center
Authors: Rostad Stephen , Wendt Linder , Poleksic Mia , Hutchinson-Reuss Bryan , Bingham Heather , Fattal Deema 
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Aims: The purpose of this work was to investigate survival outcomes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at our Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center multidisciplinary ALS clinic and compare this to relevant data from several European studies.
Methods: Our sample consisted of 56 total Veterans (n=56; 54 males, 2 females) that had been seen between June 24, 2013 and February 1, 2021 at our multidisciplinary ALS clinic.
Results: The median survival time of our Veterans from symptom onset was 40.96 months (95% CI of 32.17, 76.07), and the median survival time from diagnosis was 23.77 months (95% CI of 18.64, 38.58). This was consistent with the literature. Further consistent with the literature is that multidisciplinary clinics, including ours, have survival advantage over general neurology clinics. Analyzing factors that contributed to this survival, we found significant protective effect on survival from Edaravone use (HR = 0.32, p = 0.036). Otherwise, there was no significant effect on survival noted from use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), or Riluzole.
Conclusion: We found no significant difference in survival rates between our U.S. Veterans in our multidisciplinary ALS clinic and European multidisciplinary ALS clinics, and both are better than general neurology clinics. We also found that Edaravone use may provide some benefit to survival in this patient population.