bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated chip-styled tab for directly tensile testing nanofibers with optical microscopy
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Bai Junlei , Jin Xinpeng , Ding Bin , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is challenging to realize directly the tensile test of single nanofiber under optical microscopy, due to the difficulty in operating and loading sample. Herein, a strategy involving a chip-styled tab and a differential force evaluation method is proposed to solve the problems. By designing patterned structures of micro cantilever beams, the elastic coefficient of the chip-styled tab can be reduced to 1.2 Nm1, which clearly depicts the stress of nanofibers. Based on this chip-styled tab, tensile tests on single polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and TiO2 nanofiber were successfully conducted, demonstrating the mechanical behaviors of highly stretchable polymer nanofibers and highly brittle ceramic nanofibers. Furthermore, the chip-styled tab exhibits good stability. The change in the elastic coefficient of the chip-styled tab was less than 1% upon multiple stretches, and its gap can be reset to its original state after repeated use and ultrasonic cleaning. This method can be applied to the tensile testing of nanofibers, such as polymers and ceramics, which exhibit diverse mechanical properties. Therefore, it is expected to become a universal method for conveniently conducting mechanical tests on nanofibers in the future.
ASS-Net: enhanced feature extraction method for flame and smoke detection
Authors: Chen Bolun , Wang Ling , Chang Kailu , Liu Bushi , Zhao Yue , Zhao Jianyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the continuous advancement of industrial production and urbanization, safety incidents such as fires and smoke frequently occur. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect and identify these hazardous targets promptly and accurately. However, in practical applications, smoke and flame target detection faces numerous challenges, including inefficient feature extraction, poor feature fusion, and inadequate utilization of spatial information. To address these issues, this paper proposes a model named ASS-Net. This model integrates three advanced designs: SlimAuxNet, Swift Blend Unit (SBU), and Adaptive Spatial Fusion Harbor (ASFH). SlimAuxNet improves feature extraction efficiency through a lightweight auxiliary backbone network, the SBU module achieves efficient feature fusion, and the ASFH module enhances the capture and integration of spatial information. Experimental results show that ASS-Net significantly improves the performance of smoke and flame target detection while maintaining a lightweight structure, indicating its broad application prospects.
MEGA: identifying influential nodes in heterogeneous networks based on meta-path and attention
Authors: Xie Jinfang , Yu Jianyong , Chen Zijuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is crucial for applications like information diffusion, rumor propagation, and epidemic spreading. Existing methods often assume uniform importance among neighbor nodes or fail to account for the structural and semantic diversity of relationships in heterogeneous networks. This leads to suboptimal identification of influential nodes, particularly in complex, attribute-rich networks. To address these shortcomings, a meta-path embedding-based graph attention network model is proposed, namely MEGA. MEGA is utilized to identify influential nodes in heterogeneous networks. This paper attempts to identify the influential set of author nodes in academic networks, defined as the set of nodes whose influence maximizes the spread of information. MEGA is described as follows. Firstly, the required meta-paths are defined, and node embeddings are obtained using a meta-path embedding method. Then, the subgraph networks corresponding to each meta-path network are generated based on random walks. Further, the graph attention network is employed to assign different weight values to neighbor nodes within the subgraph networks, indicating the varying influence of nodes on their neighbor nodes. Finally, the influence of nodes in the subgraph network is calculated using entropy, and the influence values from all subgraphs are aggregated to obtain the final influence value of each node. The effectiveness of MEGA is validated using analysis metrics from the independent cascade model. Experimental results demonstrate MEGA exceeds six baseline methods in terms of the influence spread across three datasets.
Seismic Retrofitting: Techniques and Innovations for Structural Resilience
Authors: Camayang Jhon Philip P. , Padilla Juland A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seismic retrofitting is essential for improving the resilience of existing structures, particularly in earthquake-prone areas. This review explores recent advancements in retrofitting techniques, including fiber-reinforced polymer composites, concrete jacketing, steel bracing systems, and innovative materials such as shape memory alloys. The study highlights the effectiveness, sustainability, and energy efficiency of these techniques, emphasizing their role in enhancing structural strength and minimizing seismic damage. Machine learning and advanced modelling approach-es are also discussed for optimizing retrofitting strategies. The purpose of this re-view is to provide a comprehensive analysis of current methodologies, innovations, and materials used in seismic retrofitting, offering insights into the protection of both modern and heritage structures.
A Clash Between the French System and the CJEU Case Law on Data Retention?
Authors: Lassalle Maxime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 11 explores how even after the reforms following the landmark case La Quadrature du Net ‘I’, the legal framework in France does not seem to match the requirements of the CJEU regarding data retention. It is however quite revealing that the Council of State, the Parliament, the Constitutional Council, and the Court of Cassation all agree on the necessity to reject the principles put forward by the CJEU. At the same time, this rejection is not complete and is quite polite. The Council of State, who initiated the movement of resistance, did not reject per se the ruling of the CJEU. It tried to adopt a very narrow interpretation of the limits put forward in La Quadrature du Net ‘I’. All the others—Parliament, Constitutional Council, and Court of Cassation—followed the same approach. At the end of the day, the clash between the CJEU and the French system did not take place (yet), and (almost) everything was done to show that French law could not be reformed any further to protect privacy while ensuring public security.
The Impact—or No Impact—of the CJEU Case Law on Data Retention in Spain
Authors: Winter Lorena Bachmaier , Santos Antonio Martínez 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite the CJEU judgment in the Digital Rights Ireland case, the provisions of the Spanish Law on Data Retention (which are in many ways a mere transposition of the Data Retention Directive) have not been modified. As a result, there has been a lively debate among both scholars and practitioners on whether these legal provisions are compatible or not with the principles set forth in the CJEU case law. Chapter 13 incudes a detailed analysis of the Spanish law on data retention and its application by the courts, seeking to addresses the current legal debate regarding data retention in Spain.
Belgium’s New Data Retention Legislation
Authors: Franssen Vanessa , Van de Heyning Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
After La Quadrature du Net ‘I’ and the subsequent annulment of the Belgian Data Retention law by the national Constitutional Court, the Belgian legislature was urged to draft in a short period of time new legislation that meets both the requirements of EU law and the needs of law enforcement. The Act of 20 July 2022 is the sophisticated result of this intense legislative process. While at first sight, the new law seems to comply with the CJEU’s prohibition on general and indiscriminate data retention, a closer analysis learns that the new ‘targeted’ data retention regime actually covers (almost) the entire territory and thus all citizens. Chapter 16 will critically assess the new legislation and its concrete effects in light of the CJEU’s case law.
Regulating Data Retention in Japan
Authors: Kontargyris Xenofon V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 19 presents an overview of how the topics of data retention are treated in Japan with primary focus on laws applicable in the telecommunications and healthcare sectors. Starting from the Meiji Restoration era, which played a pivotal role in shaping modern legislation in the country, the analysis focuses on Japanese fundamental privacy law, the APPI, where the main rules related to deletion and thus retention of data can be traced. This is essentially the basis for rules shaping retention contained across a variety of laws and regulatory frameworks in Japanese legislation. It is then attempted to highlight how these principles are reflected in the country’s basic set of regulations for legal persons, namely the Commercial Code. Finally, in order to give an impression of how common principles on retention have spread across regulations about different subject matters in the country, the chapter concludes with an analysis of relevant provisions for the telecommunications sector, which is the focus of this book. Next to it, data retention obligations applicable in the healthcare sector of Japan are presented. Given the prominence and high degree of regulation of the healthcare industry in the country, understanding how data retention requirements are articulated therein will offer readers a thorough understanding of how data retention and shapes compliance efforts of organizations in the country.
The Judicialization of EU Data Retention Law
Authors: Tzanou Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 21 explores EU data retention law through the theoretical framework of judicialization broadly defined as the reliance on courts and judicial means for addressing public policy questions and political controversies. It focuses on the case study of ‘targeted data retention’ of geographical spaces to critically analyse two main questions: the distributional outcomes and epistemic consequences of the judicialization of data retention. In this regard, the chapter makes two distinct contributions. First, it asks two so far largely neglected questions in both data retention scholarship and judicialization theories: Are data privacy law outcomes equally distributed in the context of data retention surveillance? What are the epistemic implications of the construction of targeted surveillance as by default permissible? Second, it uses the case study of judicialization of data retention to broaden our imagination about the ways of moving forward both data retention thinking and judicialization approaches in a way that they advance substantive justice. It argues that the re-imagining of the judicialization of data retention requires a focus on egalitarian and epistemic justice objectives and could be achieved by challenging institutional and social assumptions that create unequal structural conditions.
Automated Analysis in the AFSJ and Digital Single Market Monitoring
Authors: Porcedda Maria Grazia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 25 examines CJEU and ECtHR case law on automated analysis as a measure of mass surveillance to bring to the fore the effaced role of monitoring by intermediaries within the courts’ jurisprudence. Building on scholarship on fragmentary EU rules on monitoring and private sector gatekeeping, this chapter produces original research on the evolution of rules on ‘electronic communication services’ and ‘information society services’, which were once distinct entities but have become increasingly interchangeable to the effect that protections against surveillance are diluted. The chapter demonstrates how monitoring/automated analysis by intermediaries is inherent in the nexus between the Digital Single Market and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. This is worrisome on account of the effacement of information technology from the law and the indeterminacy loop that characterize EU information technology law. The chapter concludes with the recommendation to overcome siloed legislation and actively steer the technological state of the art.
Business Records
Authors: Talbott Siobhan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Once business information had been created and acquired, merchants faced an important question: how to store ever-increasing volumes of information. Records were an essential part of early modern business practices, kept for both short- and long-term use, with their future purposes usually unknown at the time of creation. This chapter explores early modern business records, emphasizing their specificity and exploring the variety of different ways that these records were kept. I suggest that far from being uniform and easily categorized, practices deviated widely from published ‘rules’ of record-keeping, both because of the individual goals and preferences of their keepers and because of the self-fashioning tendencies of businessmen operating in this period. I explore the practices of duplication and the use of these records, including in legal disputes and insurance claims, and discuss how merchants learned to keep records of various types.
Iceland
Authors: Kovras Iosif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 reconstructs the factors that motivated politicians in Iceland to deploy a proactive agenda of retributive justice, creating a special prosecutorial body that brought charges against forty bank executives. The chapter documents the causal pathways that account for this outcome, drawing on empirical data in a new repository of criminal prosecutions developed following the crisis, coupled with in-depth interviews with prosecutors, defense lawyers, and policymakers and privileged access to court transcripts collected during extensive fieldwork in Iceland. The chapter identifies the impact of the crisis on the banking sector as the most crucial variable. The collapse of 97% of the banking sector in Iceland shaped higher voter demand for retribution, with limited systemic or reputational risks associated with criminal investigations for the recovery of the banking sector. Having dead banks made it easier for politicians to take a retributive approach and collect incriminatory evidence through forensic investigations.
Comparative Perspectives of Post-Crisis Retributive Justice
Authors: Kovras Iosif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter probes the generalizability of the theoretical framework presented in Chapters 2 to 4 by exploring how the framework plays out in accounting for the experience of other cases of banking crisis. It includes Ireland, a country with background conditions similar to those of Cyprus and Iceland, including rapid expansion of the financial sector in the lead-up to the crisis and the heavy impact of the crisis on the banks. An obvious caveat is that the small size of all three European economies—posing limited systemic risk for the global economy—may shape political desire for retribution. To probe this further, the chapter explores the experience of a banking crisis in a major international economy: the US savings and loans crisis of the 1980s. Finally, the chapter presents alternative hypotheses and argues that these fail to provide a more convincing explanation of the puzzle.
(Un)settling Accounts after Crisis
Authors: Kovras Iosif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the dual role of investigative commissions—both backward-looking mechanisms of truth recovery and forward-looking institutional tools of learning from past failures. The chapter sheds light on the decision to deploy this mechanism following a severe economic crisis, while explaining variations in the degree of success in reaching the stated objectives. In particular, it asks why some countries looked for explanations of economic failure, setting up fact-finding commissions, while others looked the other way. Among the countries looking for the truth, which ones were more successful in converting past policy failures into lessons for effective institutional reform? The chapter also develops a novel typology of different categories of post-crisis truth recovery mechanisms (parliamentary commissions, commissions of inquiry, technical reports, independent truth commissions). It provides a comprehensive review of a range of literature from public administration, governance, organizational theories, and transitional justice to document the role of commissions of inquiry at critical political junctures and their relationship to political learning. Finally, the chapter develops a novel assessment framework that builds on an extensive set of observable indicators to evaluate the success of truth recovery mechanisms.
Five Lessons for Post-Crisis Accountability
Authors: Kovras Iosif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by synthesizing the key findings on post-crisis accountability. It focuses on three approaches: retributive justice through prosecutions, truth recovery via commissions of inquiry, and official acknowledgment through public apologies. Each mechanism has different institutional impacts, and politicians must carefully weigh these when designing their accountability policies. In a retributive approach, the investment in criminal investigations can strengthen public institutions against economic crises by accumulating expertise and developing case law in white-collar crimes. Truth commissions can establish an authoritative narrative about the causes of a crisis, making complex processes accessible and understandable, and protecting against revisionist or populist accounts. Official apologies serve as a public ritual of acknowledging wrongs and can help restore trust between the state and society.
Coming of Age in Times of Change
Authors: Ramzy Farah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Zooming in on individuals, this chapter sheds light on the intertwinement between the negotiation of politics among groups and the evolving individual political subjectivities by exploring the narratives of experiences of students who, in a context of political change, were part of a Student Activity, a union, a party, or a movement. The chapter shows how the political potentialities of a student space can be activated or hindered according to the meaning individuals give to their involvement in it. It also examines the impact of political events on individual political socialization, by putting forward the various ways of making sense of the revolution as an individual commitment as well as in translating it as a political and social action. The chapter proposes a preliminary criterion, the timing of the earliest experiences of activism, to make sense of this variation.
Effect of the Electrical Furnace Cooling Rate on the Formation of a Pale-Green Surface Layer during the Flux Synthesis of Emerald
Authors: Kozaki Daisuke , Sonobe Yuusei , Tsuboi Haruki , Morisaki Takahiko , Andou Ryosuke , Yanagisawa Kazumichi , Oishi Shuji , Imamura Kazuya , Nishiwaki Yoshinori , Kobiro Kazuya , Ito Akitaka , Taniguchi Ayano , Matsuzaki Takuya , Horikawa Kogen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The flux method is a process that is commonly employed for growing single crystal or crystals of metals or compounds. In general, the flux method can be subdivided into three different approaches, namely the slow cooling, temperature-gradient, and evaporation methods. In this research, the effect of the furnace cooling rate is examined during the growth of emerald crystals via the evaporation method. More specifically, emerald crystal growth and the formation of a pale green surface layer are investigated during quick cooling (natural cooling) and slow cooling from 1100 °C. In addition, the relationships between the Cr2O3 dopant content during flux synthesis, the Cr2O3 content in the grown emerald crystals, and the deepness of the green color is re-evaluated. The obtained results suggest that emerald crystals are grown using both the slow cooling and evaporation approaches. Furthermore, a detailed re-evaluation of the emerald crystal color changes based on increases in the crystal Cr2O3 content is achieved. Accordingly, the behaviors of the L*, a*, and b* values in response to changes in the Cr2O3 content are accurately elucidated in the grown emerald crystals.
MADS-domain transcription factor AGAMOUS LIKE-9 participates in the gibberellin pathway to promote bud dormancy release of tree peony
Authors: Demei Niu , Fang Liu , Linqiang Gao , Huailong Zhang , Naibin Liu , Lu Zhang , Yanchao Yuan , Chunying Liu , Shupeng Gai , Yuxi Zhang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bud dormancy, which serves as a survival mechanism during winter, is crucial for determining the timing and quality of flowering in many perennial woody plants, including tree peony. The gibberellin (GA) signalling pathway participates in breaking bud dormancy in tree peony. Specifically, PsRGL1, a key DELLA protein, is a negative regulator in this process. MADS-box family members participate in plant growth and development regulation. In this study, a MADS-domain transcription factor, AGAMOUS-LIKE 9 (PsAGL9), was identified as a candidate interaction protein of PsRGL1 using a pull-down assay coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PsAGL9 expression was induced by chilling and exogenous GA3. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), pull-down, and luciferase complementation assays (LCAs) confirmed that PsAGL9 interacted with PsRGL1. PsAGL9 overexpression significantly promoted dormancy break and upregulated the expression of marker genes such as PsBG6, PsBG9, PsEBB1, PsEBB3, and PsCYCD, suggesting a potential regulatory function of PsAGL9. Classical and non-classical CArG motifs were identified in the promoter regions of PsCYCD and PsEBB3, respectively. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase assays confirmed that PsAGL9 directly bound to and activated PsCYCD and PsEBB3 expression, and PsRGL1 abolished the DNA-binding activity of PsAGL9. Furthermore, interaction proteins of PsAGL9 were screened, and MADS-box members PsAGL9, PsAGL6, and PsPI were identified. Y2H, LCA, and pull-down assays confirmed that PsAGL9 formed both homodimers and heterodimers, and heterodimers further promoted target gene expression. This study provides an in-depth exploration of the GA pathway and elucidates a novel pathway, PsRGL1-PsAGL9-PsCYCD, involved in regulating dormancy break in tree peony.