bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative observations on the growth changes of the histochemical property and collagen architecture of the Musculus pectoralis from Silky, layer‐type and meat‐type cockerels
Authors: OSHIMA Ichiro , IWAMOTO Hisao , TABATA Shoji , ONO Yoshitaka , ISHIBASHI Akira , SHIBA Nobuya , MIYACHI Hideyuki , GOTOH Takafumi , NISHIMURA Shotaro 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTGrowth‐related changes in the histochemical properties and collagen architecture of the Musculus pectoralis were compared among Silky, layer‐type and meat‐type cockerels. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used and collagen architecture was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The total amount of collagen present was also measured. The diameter of type IIB myofibers was similar or rather larger in the layer‐type birds compared with the meat‐type. The collagen content was generally low for 5–10 weeks across the breeds and then increased in the other breeds except for Silky. In the perimysium, the collagen bundles gradually increased in size and the density of the fibrils also increased during growth. At 30 weeks of age, the layer‐type birds showed compact collagen bundles while the meat‐type had loose bundles. The endomysial collagen network appeared relatively denser in the meat‐type chicks compared to the others at week 1. At 30 weeks of age, compact and felt‐like structure of endomysium was shown by Silky and layer‐type chickens, while the meat‐type showed a relatively loose arrangement of tissue in the endomysial collagen. From these results, it appears that the meat‐type chicken can produce a large M. pectoralis with many, relatively thinner myofibers and a relatively undeveloped form of intramuscular collagen structure.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I, passive immunity transfer, and stereological characteristics of small intestine of newborn calves
Authors: PAULETTI Patricia , BAGALDO Adriana Regina , KINDLEIN Liris , MACHADO‐NETO Raul 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the concentration of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I present in the mammary secretions, its relation with changes in serum IGF‐I and immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and intestinal mucosa alterations of 42 calves during the first week of life. Cows were randomly assigned to two groups, treated and control, with 21 animals in each. The treated group was injected with 500 mg recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) at day −35 relative to predicted calving date. Newborn calves were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial scheme: dams group and slaughter date (at birth, 2 and 7 days of life). IGF‐I concentration was higher in the colostrum of treated cows (P < 0.05), but did not differ in the subsequent mammary secretions. Immunoglobulin G concentration in colostrum and subsequent mammary secretions did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). No differences were found in calf serum IGF‐I levels from birth to the seventh day or serum immunoglobulin G concentration after 24 h of life (P > 0.05). IGF‐I colostrum levels observed in this study did not affect the small intestine morphometry. The segment from the middle jejunum showed higher mucosa partial volume (Vv) at birth and 7 days old compared to other segments, and at just 2 days of age this segment reduced its Vv, not differing from other segments of the same date.
Small Islands, Big Problem: HIV/AIDS and Youth in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Baird Donna S. , Yearwood Edilma L. , Perrino Carrol S. 
Published: November 2007

PROBLEM:  In the Caribbean region, women and young girls are becoming infected with HIV at a 6:1 rate more than men. Our study investigated effective methods for reducing HIV/AIDS risks among adolescent girls in the Caribbean. METHODS:  One hundred females, aged 15–21, were randomly assigned into a control or intervention group. Subjects were assessed at baseline and postintervention. FINDINGS:  Analysis of variance revealed that items measuring feelings about self, perceived risk, and sexual attitudes had statistically significant postintervention increase. CONCLUSION:  Sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs that address stigma, promote HIV testing, and reinforce safer sex practices are needed.
Using Nursing Diagnoses in Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy‐Induced Alopecia in the Cancer Patient
Authors: Dougherty Lisa 
Published: November 2007

PURPOSE.  To explore the use of NANDA, NIC, and NOC classification systems in the psychological and physical care of patients experiencing chemotherapy‐induced alopecia. METHOD.  Review of the literature on alopecia in relation to the NANDA nursing diagnosis classification. FINDINGS.  Two key nursing diagnoses are related to alopecia. One is disturbed body image and the other is grieving. CONCLUSION.  By using nursing diagnoses, the nurse can identify the defining characteristics associated with the specific problems experienced by the patient with alopecia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Moving from the nursing diagnoses, the nurse can develop individualized nursing interventions and generate a realistic outcome in collaboration with the patient.
Generalized Wiedemann–Franz law and temperature jump in space plasmas with ion-acoustic turbulence
Authors: Bespalov P. A. , Savina O. N. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In this Letter, the generalized Wiedemann–Franz law for the non-isothermic quasi-neutral plasma with developed ion-acoustic turbulence is proved. This law determines the relationship between electrical and thermal conductivities in a plasma with well-developed ion-acoustic turbulence. The anomalously low thermal conductivity, which leads to the formation of high temperature gradients in the zone of the temperature jump, is explained. Results are used to explain some properties of the solar chromosphere–corona transition region.
Meteor luminosity simulation through laser ablation of meteorites
Authors: Milley E. P. , Hawkes R. L. , Ehrman J. M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Light production mechanisms during ablation of meteors in planetary atmospheres are still not well understood. We have used a high-power pulsed (15 mJ per 10-ns pulse) Nd:YAG laser, frequency-doubled to 532-nm wavelength, to heat chondritic meteorite samples rapidly, and then used CCD imaging and spectral cameras to search for light produced by the rapidly heated meteorite vapour. We report here that light is produced by the rapidly heated and expanding ablated material without the need for collision with a high-speed atomic beam. The light production region is of the order of 2 mm in diameter. The light produced is a combination of either continuum or unresolved spectral line emission, along with spectral emission lines of Ca, Fe, Na, N, Mg, Si and O, with spectra from both neutral and singly ionized species. We have used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to characterize the size of the ablated region (approximately 160 μm wide and 170 μm deep). The SEM, equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, was also used to perform elemental analysis of our sample, which confirmed the presence of the identified elements in the original meteorite. The current experiments were done at room temperature and pressure, with mean power input rates that would correspond to low atmospheric penetration of meteorites. While others have used similar techniques for remote identification of elements present on surfaces in space and in meteorites, to our knowledge this is the first paper to propose laser ablation as a means of studying light production in modest-sized meteors.
Gravitational arcs as a perturbation of the perfect ring
Authors: Alard C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The image of a point situated at the centre of a circularly symmetric potential is a perfect circle. The perturbative effect of non-symmetrical potential terms is to displace and break the perfect circle. These two effects, displacement and breaking, are directly related to the Taylor expansion of the perturbation at first order on the circle. The numerical accuracy of this perturbative approach is tested in the case of an elliptical potential with a core radius. The contour of the images and the caustic lines are well reproduced by the perturbative approach. These results suggest that the modelling of arcs, and in particular that of tangential arcs, may be simplified by using a general perturbative representation for points located on the circle. This linear perturbative approach is accurate when the gradient of the circular potential is almost linear; this constraint is satisfied when the potential is nearly isothermal.
Re-born fireballs in gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Ghisellini G. , Celotti A. , Ghirlanda G. , Firmani C. , Nava L. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We consider the interaction between a relativistic fireball and material assumed to be still located just outside the progenitor star. Only a small fraction of the expected mass is sufficient to decelerate the fireball efficiently, leading to dissipation of most of its kinetic energy. Since the scattering optical depths are still large at distances comparable to the progenitor radius, the dissipated energy is trapped in the system, accelerating it to relativistic velocities. The process resembles the birth of another fireball at radii R∼ 1011 cm, not far from the transparency radius, and with starting bulk Lorentz factors Γc∼ 10. As seen in the observer frame, this ‘re-generated’ fireball appears collimated within an angle θj= 1/Γc. If the central engine works intermittently, the funnel can, at least partially, refill and the process can repeat itself. We discuss how this idea can help to solve some open issues of the more conventional internal shock scenario for interpreting gamma-ray burst properties.
Evaluating Ground Water–Sea Water Interactions via Resistivity and Seepage Meters
Authors: Taniguchi Makoto , Ishitobi Tomotoshi , Burnett William C. , Wattayakorn Gullaya 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigated submarine ground water discharge and salt water–fresh water interactions at two locations along the shoreline of the Upper Gulf of Thailand to evaluate mechanisms of water and material transport into the coastal zone. Our data set illustrates the value of using a combined approach consisting of automatic seepage meters to monitor flow rates while assessing the conductivity (salinity) of the subterranean fluids via remote resistivity measurements. Negative correlations between electric conductivities of fluids measured directly inside seepage meter chambers and the remotely assessed resistivities of subsurface pore water show that such measurements may evaluate the spatial distribution of flow rates as well as the subterranean water quality in the coastal zone. Combined seepage and resistivity measurements may thus provide a more complete understanding of coastal ground water dynamics.
Development of Saline Ground Water through Transpiration of Sea Water
Authors: Fass T. , Cook P. G. , Stieglitz T. , Herczeg A. L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs vegetation usually excludes salt during water uptake, transpiration will increase the salinity of the residual water. If the source water is sea water, then the residual water may become highly saline. In the unconfined coastal aquifer of the tropical Burdekin River delta, northeastern Australia, areas of highly saline ground water with chloride concentrations up to almost three times that of sea water occur up to 15 km from the present coastline, and are attributed to transpiration by mangrove vegetation during periods of high sea level. Radiogenic (14C) carbon isotope analyses indicate that ground water with chloride concentrations between 15,000 and 35,000 mg/L is mostly between 4000 and 6000 years old, at which time sea level was 2 to 3 m higher than present. Stable isotope analyses of oxygen‐18 and deuterium show no evidence for evaporative enrichment of this water. Oxygen‐18, deuterium, and stable (δ13C) carbon isotope analyses of ground water and soil water point to a recharge environment beneath the mangrove forests during this postglacial sea level high stand. During that period, transpiration of the mangrove forests would have led to high chloride concentrations in the residual ground water, without inducing isotopic fractionation. Due to the higher density, this hypersaline water moved downward through the aquifer by gravity and has formed lenses of highly saline ground water at the bottom of the unconfined aquifer.
Perimenopausal symptoms, quality of life, and health behaviors in users and nonusers of hormone therapy
Authors: Twiss Janice J. , Wegner Jodi , Hunter Michelle , Kelsay Melissa , Rathe‐Hart Mindy , Salado Wendy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurpose: This pilot study was designed to determine the difference in frequency and distress related to perimenopausal symptoms in users and nonusers of hormone therapy (HT), to identify the difference in quality of life (QoL) indicators, and to determine if there is a relationship between QoL and frequency and distress of symptoms for users and nonusers of HT between the ages of 40 and 55 years.Data source: Self‐reported responses to the Perimenopause Assessment Questionnaire with five QoL indicators imbedded, the Women’s Health Assessment Scale, height, weight, and body mass index from 77 users and 89 nonusers of HT.Conclusions: More users reported using HT to control perimenopausal symptoms than for birth control or gynecological problems. Nonusers reported a higher percentage of a variety of symptoms compared to users, with more psychosomatic symptoms being reported. Both groups identified lack of energy as the most frequent and distressful symptom. There was a significant difference in frequency of symptoms between groups and a significant difference in distress of symptoms. There were significant negative correlations with the five QoL indicators and frequency and distress of symptoms for users and nonusers of HT, with exception of stress and frequency of symptoms for users. More psychosomatic symptoms were correlated with QoL for nonusers. Cold sweats, loss of interest, miserable and sad, and life not worth living were highly significant for nonusers with QoL, while feeling unattractive, decreased well‐being, and lack of enjoyment for users was highly significant.Implications for practice: Perimenopause is more than hot flashes and abnormal menses. A checklist of perimenopausal symptoms should be used as an assessment tool at each annual visit or more frequently to determine the significance of the symptoms a woman might be experiencing. Assessing the perimenopausal knowledge base is very important. Most importantly, there is a need for perimenopausal educational programs to be developed and implemented.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Critical care nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists interface patterns with computer‐based decision support systems
Authors: Weber Scott 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this review are to examine the types of clinical decision support systems in use and to identify patterns of how critical care advanced practice nurses (APNs) have integrated these systems into their nursing care patient management practices. The decision‐making process itself is analyzed with a focus on how automated systems attempt to capture and reflect human decisional processes in critical care nursing, including how systems actually organize and process information to create outcome estimations based on patient clinical indicators and prognosis logarithms. Characteristics of APN clinicians and implications of these characteristics on decision system use, based on the body of decision system user research, are introduced.Data sources: A review of the Medline, Ovid, CINAHL, and PubMed literature databases was conducted using “clinical decision support systems,”“computerized clinical decision making,” and “APNs”; an examination of components of several major clinical decision systems was also undertaken.Conclusions: Use patterns among APNs and other clinicians appear to vary; there is a need for original research to examine how APNs actually use these systems in their practices in critical care settings. Because APNs are increasingly responsible for admission to, and transfer from, critical care settings, more understanding is needed on how they interact with this technology and how they see automated decision systems impacting their practices.Implications for practice: APNs who practice in critical care settings vary significantly in how they use the clinical decision systems that are in operation in their practice settings. These APNs must have an understanding of their use patterns with these systems and should critically assess whether their patient care decision making is affected by the technology.
From the sidelines: Coaching as a nurse practitioner strategy for improving health outcomes
Authors: Hayes Eileen , Kalmakis Karen A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurpose:The purposes of this study were to explore coaching as a nurse practitioner (NP) strategy for improving patient health outcomes and to lay a foundation for validating coaching benefits.Data sources:Review of coaching literature in psychology, sports, business, and nursing.Conclusions:Coaching has been reported as successful in psychology, sports, business, and more recently nursing, for assisting people to achieve goals that are important to them. Coaching may be very effective in encouraging, inspiring, and empowering patients to reach their maximum health potential, particularly if lifestyle change is required; however, coaching research is in its early stages. Coaching is not well defined, so claims of coaching benefits must be viewed cautiously. Coaching is an expected NP role competency, but it is not well explicated in the literature. Defining the concept of coaching from multidisciplinary consensus, expanding knowledge of the coaching process, and consciously implementing coaching communication in the NP/patient primary care encounter may result in measurable outcomes that demonstrate coaching effectiveness.Implications for practice:Coaching fits well with the holistic, collaborative approach to patient care which NPs value. Coaching provides an opportunity to shift traditional thinking about patient/provider relationships and how to motivate patients toward behavior change. The challenge for NPs is to take the time to learn the coaching process, employ coaching communication strategies in the primary care encounter, and engage in research that measures coaching effectiveness.
Current issues for nurse practitioners: Hyponatremia
Authors: Haskal Ruth 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurpose: To review the assessment, diagnosis, and management of hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L), the most common electrolyte disturbance as a result of dysregulation of water balance in hospitalized or institutionalized patients.Data sources: Comprehensive search using keywords AVP receptor antagonists, hyponatremia, SIADH, conivaptan, tolvaptan, lixivaptan, nurse practitioner, and others was carried out using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) Web site from which full‐text articles were obtained. Meeting abstracts were obtained from scientific sessions including the American Society of Nephrology Renal Week 2004 and the Endocrine Society‘s 87th Annual Meeting (2005). The Vaprisol (conivaptan hydrochloride injection) package insert was referenced and obtained from FDA.gov.Conclusions: A diagnosis of hyponatremia requires thorough investigation for underlying causes and prompt treatment to prevent poor patient outcomes. In clinical trials, a new class of drugs called the arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonists or aquaretics has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of hyponatremia. Among this class of agents, intravenous conivaptan hydrochloride, indicated for the treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients, is the first drug in class approved for use.Implications for practice: Elderly patients, and those with certain conditions such as heart failure, tuberculosis, cirrhosis, and head injury, may be at increased risk for hyponatremia. In hospitalized patients following surgery and the use of certain medications, hyponatremia is a common condition. A thorough understanding of the physiology of water balance and the risk factors associated with hyponatremia is essential for prompt and effective intervention. Awareness of the limitations of conventional therapies and the availability of new treatment options for hyponatremia allows clinicians to optimize patient care.
Implementation of a Coordinated School Health Program in a Rural, Low‐Income Community
Authors: Cornwell Lisa , Hawley Suzanne R. , Romain Theresa St. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Coordinated school health programs (CSHPs) bring together educational and community resources in the school environment. This method is particularly important in rural areas like Kansas, where resources and trained health professionals are in short supply. Rural Stafford County, Kansas, struggles with health professional shortages and a low‐income, high‐need population.Methods:  In 2001, Stafford County’s Unified School District 349 began a multiyear CSHP development process, which required adaptations for implementation in a rural area. First, a CSHP team was formed of community and administrative stakeholders as well as school system representatives. Next, the CSHP team assessed school district demographics so the program framework could be targeted to health needs. During a yearlong planning phase, the CSHP team determined 4 priority areas for program development, as limited staff and funds precluded developing programs in all 8 traditional CSHP areas. Program activities were tailored to the population demographics and available resources.Results:  Program outcomes were supported by School Health Index (SHI) data. Of the 8 CSHP focus areas, the SHI found high scores in 3 of the Stafford CSHP’s priority areas: Health Services; Psychological, Counseling, and Social Services; and Physical Education. The fourth Stafford CSHP priority area, Nutrition Services, scored similarly to the less prioritized areas.Conclusions:  The process by which the Stafford school district modified and implemented CSHP methods can serve as a model for CSHPs in other rural, high‐need areas.
Elementary School Parents’/Guardians’ Perceptions of School Health Service Personnel and the Services They Provide*
Authors: Kirchofer Gregg , Telljohann Susan K. , Price James H. , Dake Joseph A. , Ritchie Martin 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  The school nurse, the school social worker, and the school counselor play an important role in promoting the health of children. Health services in the school setting provide opportunities to appraise, protect, and promote student health. The purpose of this study was to identify parents’ or caregivers’ perceptions and beliefs regarding the importance of schools providing various health services to their elementary school–aged children. In addition, the study examined the levels of parental support for, perceptions of, and contact with school health service personnel.Methods:  In 2005, a nationally representative random sample of 369 (51% return rate) parents of elementary school–aged children completed the questionnaire developed for this study.Results:  A majority of parents/caregivers reported that their child’s school had a school nurse (78.8%) and counselor (60.5%), but only 22.6% reported their school had a social worker. A majority of parents/caregivers perceived full‐time school nurses (86.3%), school counselors (78.6%), and school social workers (56.3%) as important or extremely important and that schools should be held responsible for having each in their child’s elementary school. A majority of parents/caregivers were willing to pay an increase in yearly tax dollars to have full‐time school health personnel.Conclusions:  This study established a level of parental support for, perceptions of, and contact with school health service personnel. Parents were most supportive of school nurses and should be perceived as allies in ensuring job security.