bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GALLERY OF CHUA ATTRACTORS: PART III
Authors: BILOTTA ELEONORA , STRANGES FAUSTO , PANTANO PIETRO 
Published: May 2007

The visualization of patterns related to chaos is a challenge for those who are part of today's dynamical systems community, especially when we consider the aim of providing users with the ability to visually analyze and explore large, complex datasets related to chaos. Thus visualization could be considered a useful element in the discovery of unexpected relationships and dependencies that may exist inside the domain of chaos, both in the phase and the parameter spaces. In the second part of "A Gallery of Chua attractors", we presented an overview of forms which can only be produced by the physical circuit. In Part III, we illustrate the variety and beauty of the strange attractors produced by the dimensionless version of the system. As in our earlier work, we have used ad hoc methods, such as bifurcation maps and software tools, allowing rapid exploration of parameter space. Applying these techniques, we show how it is possible, starting from attractors described in the literature, to find new families of patterns, with a special focus on the cognitive side of information seeking and on qualitative processes of change in chaos, thus demonstrating that traditional categories of chaos exploration need to be renewed.After a brief introduction to dimensionless equations for Chua's oscillator, we show 150 attractors, which we represent using three-dimensional images, time series and FFT diagrams. For the most important patterns, we also report Lyapunov exponents. To show the position of dimensionless attractors in parameter space, we use parallel coordinate techniques that facilitate the visualization of high dimensional spaces. We use Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis Distance to provide additional tools for the exploration and visualization of the structure of the parameter space.
The Reliability of Nipple Aspirate and Ductal Lavage in Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer—a Potential Tool for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Biomarker Evaluation
Authors: Visvanathan K. , Santor D. , Ali S.Z. , Brewster A. , Arnold A. , Armstrong D.K. , Davidson N.E. , Helzlsouer K.J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Ductal lavage, a technique used to sample epithelial cells from breast ducts, has potential use in risk assessment and biomarker evaluation among women at increased risk for breast cancer. However, little is known about the reliability of the procedure.
Methods: We evaluated the reliability of nipple aspirate (NAF) and ductal lavage at two time points 6 months apart in women at increased risk for breast cancer. Eligible women had a 5-year Gail risk ≥1.66% or lifetime risk of &gt;20%, and/or a family history or personal history of breast cancer. All ducts that produced NAF were cannulated. The κ statistic was used to evaluate reliability of NAF production, cellular yield, and cytologic diagnosis.
Results: Sixty-nine women (mean age, 47 years) were enrolled over 35 months. Forty-seven returned for a second visit. At baseline, 65% of premenopausal and 41% of postmenopausal women produced NAF (P = 0.05), of which 72% underwent successful lavage of at least one duct. Samples of inadequate cellular material for diagnosis were significantly more likely in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women (P = 0.04). Of the women who returned for a second visit, 18 of 24 who produced NAF had at least one duct successfully cannulated. Twenty-four ducts in 14 women were lavaged twice. Among these ducts, cellular yield for the two time points was inconsistent (κ = 0.33 ± 0.13), and only fair cytologic agreement was observed (κ = 0.32 ± 0.15). Ductal lavage was associated with moderate discomfort.
Conclusion: Currently, the use of ductal lavage is limited by technical challenges in duct cannulation, inconsistent NAF production, a high rate of inadequate cellular material for diagnosis, fair cytologic reproducibility, and low participant return rates. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):950–55)
Building a United Front: Aligning the Agendas for Tobacco Control, Lung Cancer Research, and Policy
Authors: Gritz Ellen R. , Sarna Linda , Dresler Carolyn , Healton Cheryl G. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Our society bears a tremendous public health burden from tobacco-related disability and death, particularly in the realm of cancer. Yet research in lung cancer and other tobacco-related diseases research is dramatically underfunded when compared to the number of people affected. Persuading policy makers to increase funding for tobacco-related research, treatment, and policy initiatives will require considerable cooperation among the researchers, clinicians, and advocates who focus on tobacco control and those who concentrate on tobacco-related disease. Traditionally, these groups have battled over resources, expending precious energy competing for scarce funding. We propose a new way forward: these forces should come together in support of a common agenda that includes both increased tobacco control efforts and additional funding for disease-related research and treatment. Speaking with a unified voice in support of a full continuum of tobacco-related policy initiatives would significantly increase the size and influence of the coalition working to address this public health epidemic. Working together offers our nation the best chance of significantly reducing the scourge of disease and death caused by tobacco use. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):859–63)
JAM-A mediates neutrophil transmigration in a stimulus-specific manner in vivo: evidence for sequential roles for JAM-A and PECAM-1 in neutrophil transmigration
Authors: Woodfin Abigail , Reichel Christoph Andreas , Khandoga Andrej , Corada Monica , Voisin Mathieu-Benoit , Scheiermann Christoph , Haskard Dorian O. , Dejana Elisabetta , Krombach Fritz , Nourshargh Sussan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractJunctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein expressed at tight junctions of endothelial and epithelial cells and on the surface of platelets and leukocytes. The role of JAM-A in leukocyte transmigration in vivo was directly investigated by intravital microscopy using both a JAM-A–neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (BV-11) and JAM-A–deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Leukocyte transmigration (but not adhesion) through mouse cremasteric venules as stimulated by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was significantly reduced in wild-type mice treated with BV-11 and in JAM-A KO animals. In contrast, JAM-A blockade/genetic deletion had no effect on responses elicited by leukotriene B4 (LTB4) or platelet-activating factor (PAF). Furthermore, using a leukocyte transfer method and mice deficient in endothelial-cell JAM-A, evidence was obtained for the involvement of endothelial-cell JAM-A in leukocyte transmigration mediated by IL-1β. Investigation of the functional relationship between JAM-A and PECAM-1 (CD31) determined that dual blockade/deletion of these proteins does not lead to an inhibitory effect greater than that seen with blockade/deletion of either molecule alone. The latter appeared to be due to the fact that JAM-A and PECAM-1 can act sequentially to mediate leukocyte migration through venular walls in vivo.
Effect of induction agent on vasopressor and steroid use, and outcome in patients with septic shock
Authors: Ray David Charles , McKeown Dermot William 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Introduction
In seriously ill patients, etomidate gives cardiovascular stability at induction of anaesthesia, but there is concern over possible adrenal suppression. Etomidate could reduce steroid synthesis and increase the need for vasopressor and steroid therapy. The outcome could be worse than in patients given other induction agents.

Methods
We reviewed 159 septic shock patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) over a 40-month period to study the association between induction agent and clinical outcome, including vasopressor, inotrope, and steroid therapy. From our records, we retrieved induction agent use; vasopressor administration at induction; vasopressor, inotrope, and steroid administration in the ICU; and hospital outcome.

Results
Hospital mortality was 65%. The numbers of patients given an induction agent were 74, etomidate; 25, propofol; 26, thiopental; 18, other agent; and 16, no agent. Vasopressor, inotrope, or steroid administration and outcome were not related to the induction agent chosen. Corticosteroid therapy given to patients who received etomidate did not affect outcome. Vasopressor therapy was required less frequently and in smaller doses when etomidate was used to induce anaesthesia. We found no evidence that either clinical outcome or therapy was affected when etomidate was used. Etomidate caused less cardiovascular depression than other induction agents in patients with septic shock.

Conclusion
Etomidate use for critically ill patients should consider all of these issues and not simply the possibility of adrenal suppression, which may not be important when steroid supplements are used.
C-Reactive Protein before and after Weight Loss in Overweight Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Moran Lisa J. , Noakes Manny , Clifton Peter M. , Wittert Gary A. , Belobrajdic Damien P. , Norman Robert J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. It is unknown whether overweight women with and without PCOS achieve similar benefits from weight loss for cardiovascular risk factors.
Method: Overweight body mass index-matched women with (n = 15) and without (n = 17) PCOS (weight, 95.3 ± 17.6 kg; body mass index, 35.6 ± 5.3 kg/m2, mean ± sd) followed an 8-wk weight loss regime.
Results: All subjects had similar reductions in weight (3.9 ± 3.6 kg, 3.8%, vs. 4.5 ± 4.1 kg, 4.7%, respectively, for PCOS and non-PCOS), waist circumference, fat mass, triglycerides, free testosterone, and fasting and postprandial insulin. At baseline, C-reactive protein (CRP) between groups was not significantly different (5.5 ± 3.1 mg/liter for PCOS vs. 4.9 ± 3.0 mg/liter for non-PCOS). There was a significant interaction between PCOS status and CRP (P = 0.016) such that CRP decreased with weight loss for non-PCOS women (−1.2 ± 1.8 mg/liter; P = 0.025) but not for PCOS women. For all women, the change in CRP correlated with the change in weight (r = 0.560; P = 0.003), fat mass (r = 0.477; P = 0.016), and postprandial insulin (r = 0.402; P = 0.046). Adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α were not significantly different between groups before or after weight loss. Only subjects with baseline CRP levels below the median (4.52 mg/liter) showed increases in adiponectin (0.98 ± 1.3 μg/liter) (P = 0.015) and greater reductions in triglycerides (P = 0.001) with weight loss.
Conclusion: A 4–5% weight loss improved lipid, glucose, and insulin profiles in women with and without PCOS. This degree of weight loss was not effective in lowering CRP concentrations in PCOS women, suggesting that greater weight loss is required in this group to achieve equivalent cardiovascular benefit to non-PCOS women.
An Increased Incidence of Overt Hypothyroidism after Iodine Fortification of Salt in Denmark: A Prospective Population Study
Authors: Bülow Pedersen Inge , Laurberg Peter , Knudsen Nils , Jørgensen Torben , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Rasmussen Lone Banke 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Context: Iodine fortification (IF) of salt was introduced in Denmark in 1998. Little is known about the effect of a minor increase in iodine intake on the incidence of hypothyroidism. We prospectively identified all new cases of overt hypothyroidism in two areas of Denmark before and for the first 7 yr after IF had been introduced.
Methods: A computer-based register was used to identify continuously all new cases of overt hypothyroidism in two subcohorts with previous moderate and mild iodine deficiency (ID), respectively (Aalborg, n = 310,124, urinary iodine = 45 μg/liter; and Copenhagen, n = 225,707, urinary iodine = 61 μg/liter). Data were obtained 1) before IF (1997–1998), 2) during voluntary IF (1999–2000), 3) during early (2001–2002) and 4) during late (2003–2005) period with mandatory IF.
Results: The overall incidence rate of hypothyroidism increased during the study period: baseline, 38.3/100,000·yr; voluntary IF, 43.7 (not significant vs. baseline); early mandatory IF, 48.7 [vs. baseline, rate ratio (RR) = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.47]; and late mandatory IF, 47.2 (vs. baseline, RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07–1.42). There was a geographic difference because hypothyroidism increased only in the area with previous moderate ID: Aalborg, late mandatory IF vs. baseline, 40.3/29.7 (RR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.11–1.66); Copenhagen, 56.7/51.6 (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.90–1.34). The increase occurred in young and middle-aged adults.
Conclusion: Even a cautious iodization of salt was accompanied by a moderate increase in the incidence rate of overt hypothyroidism. This occurred primarily in young and middle-aged subjects with previous moderate ID.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Hispanics in the United States
Authors: Ortiz Blanca I , Shields Kelly M , Clauson Kevin A , Clay Patrick G 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE: To review the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Hispanics in the US and highlight the modalities most likely to be unfamiliar to healthcare practitioners. DATA SOURCES: A search of the literature published in English and a subsequent bibliographic search were conducted using MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System (1980– March 2007). Primary search terms included, but were not limited to, Hispanic, Latino, complementary and alternative medicine, and dietary supplements. Studies that assessed or evaluated the use of CAM in the Hispanic population were reviewed. Articles that included both Hispanics and non-Hispanics were also included. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: The literature search yielded 42 articles focused on the use of CAM by Hispanics. Survey was the most common method used in these studies, although some hybrid interviews were also conducted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Hispanics were identified homogenously in some studies and more correctly as a heterogeneous population in others. Some trials examined overall CAM use, whereas others looked at specific dietary supplements and herbs. Most reports found a higher than expected rate of CAM use in Hispanics (50–90%). A number of products potentially unfamiliar to healthcare practitioners, such as linden, sapodilla, and star anise, were reported as commonly used in several studies. Many studies were limited by the sample size or use of only one Hispanic subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanics use a wide range of CAM therapies, including several that may be unfamiliar to healthcare practitioners. Understanding the rationale, motivations, and history of Hispanics' use of CAM will enhance the cultural competence of healthcare professionals and help address these patients' medical needs. TRASFONDO: El uso de terapias de medicina complementaria y alternativa (CAM) es común entre los pacientes y se cree que la etnicidad influye en la frecuencia y extensión de su uso. Los pacientes de origen Hispano son una sub-población en rápido crecimiento. Con el fin de proveer efectivamente cuidado a este grupo de pacientes, es importante entender el papel de las terapias CAM en los tratamientos de esta población.
Providing Patient Care in Community Pharmacies: Practice and Research in Finland
Authors: Bell J Simon , Väänänen Minna , Ovaskainen Harri , Närhi Ulla , Airaksinen Marja S 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE: To describe the provision of patient care in community pharmacies in Finland. FINDINGS: The network of 799 community pharmacies across Finland dispensed 42.1 million prescriptions in 2005. Medication counseling has been mandated by law since 1983 and only pharmacists are permitted to provide therapeutic advice in pharmacies. Measurable improvements in the rates of pharmacists' medication counseling have been observed since 2000. Long-term national pharmacy practice initiatives commenced with the World Health Organization EuroPharm Forum's Questions to Ask About Your Medicines campaign from 1993 to 1996. This was followed by the larger Customized Information for the Benefit of Community Pharmacy Patients project. Since the late 1990s, Finnish pharmacies have actively participated in ongoing national public health programs, initially in the areas of asthma and diabetes, and more recently in the treatment and prevention of heart disease. Automated dose dispensing and electronic prescribing are in the process of wider uptake and implementation. A nationwide multidisciplinary project to improve the use of drugs in older people has recently been announced and research in this area is underway. DISCUSSION: Research has focused on improving the quality of patient care as a strategic priority in community pharmacies. The development of community pharmacy services in Finland has been characterized by strong collaboration among the professional associations, university departments of social pharmacy, continuing education centers, and practicing pharmacists. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of new patient care services has required long-term, systematic, and well coordinated actions at the local and national levels. Future services will seek to promote the quality use of medications and to ensure that rising costs do not limit uniform access to drugs by all Finnish residents.
Methylnaltrexone Mechanisms of Action and Effects on Opioid Bowel Dysfunction and Other Opioid Adverse Effects
Authors: Yuan Chun-Su 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of action of methylnaltrexone and its effects on opioid bowel dysfunction, as well as its effects on other opioid-induced adverse effects (ADEs), and its potential roles in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES: A literature search using the MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration databases for articles published between 1966 and March 2007 was performed. Additional data sources were obtained from manual searches of recent journal articles, book chapters, and monographs. An updated literature search showed no additional publications. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts and original preclinical and clinical research reports published in the English language were identified for review. Review articles, commentaries, and news reports of this compound were excluded. Literature related to opioids, opioid receptors, opioid antagonists, methylnaltrexone, opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, constipation, nausea, and vomiting was evaluated and selected based on consideration of the support shown for the proof of concept, mechanistic findings, and timeliness. Fifty-eight original articles from preclinical studies and clinical trials using methylnaltrexone were identified. Pharmacologic action, benefits, and ADEs of methylnaltrexone were reviewed, with a focus on its effects on bowel dysfunction after opioids. Emphases were placed on its receptor binding activities and therapeutically relevant sites of action (peripheral vs central), in which peripheral opioid receptors in the body contribute to physiological and drug-induced effects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Morphine and related opioids are associated with a number of limiting ADEs, including opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Methylnaltrexone, a quaternary derivative of naltrexone, blocks peripheral effects of opioids while sparing central analgesic effects. It is currently under late-stage clinical investigation for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness. Reported results showed the drug to be generally well-tolerated. The rapid reversal of constipation is very encouraging. Hastening postoperative discharge may also be possible. CONCLUSIONS: Methylnaltrexone has the potential to prevent or treat opioid-induced peripherally mediated ADEs on bowel dysfunction without interfering with central analgesia. The study of methylnaltrexone leads to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of opioid pharmacology.
Cognitive appraisals, distress and disability among persons in low vision rehabilitation
Authors: Dreer Laura E. , Elliott Timothy R. , Berry Jack , Fletcher Donald C. , Swanson Marsha , Christopher J. McNeal 
Published: May 2007

ObjectiveExamined cognitive appraisals of interference and tolerance in the prediction of distress and self‐reported disability among persons presenting for low vision rehabilitation.DesignCross‐sectional; correlational and path analyses.MethodsOne‐hundred and thirteen patients (mean age, 71 years; 52 men and 61 women) presenting for low vision rehabilitation at a university‐based centre for low vision rehabilitation participated in an initial clinical vision examination and completed several questionnaires to evaluate cognitive appraisals, emotional distress and self‐reported disability.ResultsPath analyses indicated that greater tolerance was associated with less interference imposed by vision loss. Greater tolerance was also associated with less emotional distress and symptom severity (visual acuity) was associated with self‐reported disability. Cognitive appraisals (tolerance and interference) indirectly influenced self‐reported disability through emotional distress.ConclusionsThe data indicate that appraisals of personal ability to tolerate vision loss and the perceived interference of vision loss on goal‐directed behaviour and expected activities have greater influence on distress and are subsequently predictive of disability in comparison with objective symptoms (visual acuity). Implications for clinical interventions and further research are discussed.
Responsiveness of the Movement Ability Measure: A Self-Report Instrument Proposed for Assessing the Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Intervention
Authors: Allen Diane D 
Published: May 2007

Background and PurposeDesigned as a self-report assessment, the Movement Ability Measure (MAM) may contribute to effectiveness research if it proves responsive to change. The purpose of this article is to report evidence of responsiveness of the MAM.SubjectsThirty-five adults starting outpatient physical therapy intervention completed the MAM at the initial visit, at 2 weeks, and at 2 months or discharge. Thirty-four no-intervention volunteers completed the MAM twice.MethodsThe MAM responses were analyzed with item response theory methods; t tests were used to compare responses across test occasions.ResultsPaired t tests revealed significant changes in the intervention group at both 2 weeks and 2 months, with an effect size of 0.90 and a responsiveness index of 5.62 at discharge. At 2 weeks and at discharge, 57% and 80% of participants, respectively, showed gains greater than the minimal clinically important difference. Participants in the no-intervention group showed no significant change.Discussion and ConclusionThe MAM responses revealed significant and clinically important changes following intervention. The MAM shows promise as a self-report measure of the effectiveness of physical therapy intervention.