bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Epidemiology and Coronary Heart Disease: Some Sources of Error and an Alternative Conceptual Model
Authors: Byrne D. G. , Henderson A. S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Behavioural epidemiology and coronary heart disease: Some sources of error and an alternative conceptual model.While the quantity of evidence relating behaviour and coronary heart disease is great, the quality is variable. It is possible to discern two broad categories of research error, the methodological and the conceptual, to account for this. The former may be corrected by sufficiently careful study design: the latter may require a complete re‐examination of hypotheses. An alternative conceptual model is proposed in which three components (a) a surfeit of adversity in the absence of support, (b) consequent arousal and activation of the cardiovascular system, and (c) the coexistence of one or more of a well documented set of organic risk factors, allow the integrated and systematic testing of hypotheses relating behaviour and coronary heart disease. The authors are presently employing this conceptual model in the investigation of a number of such hypotheses.
Consensus Opinion and Observer Accuracy in Electrocardiography with Reference to Coronary Arteriographic Information
Authors: Weston M. J. , Bett J. H. N. , Over R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Consensus opinion and observer accuracy in electrocardiography with reference to coronary arteriographic information. In this study reader performance in resting electrocardiographic (ECG) reading and case summary interpretation was investigated. Eight cardiologists were asked to read independently 105 paired ECG–Case summary sheets on either two or four occasions. The order of ECG–Case summary inspection for each sheet was randomized over trials. The results show low levels of inter‐ and intra‐reader reliability when physicians report on ECG traces. Reference to coronary arteriographic information confirms that the resting ECG has limited utility in the detection of coronary artery disease.
Acute Myocardial Infarction: One Year Follow‐up of 1138 Cases from the Perth Community Coronary Register
Authors: Pole D. J. , Thompson P. L. , Woodings T. L. , McCall M. G. , Reader R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Acute myocardial infarction: One year follow‐up of 1138 cases from the Perth Community Coronary Register.The one year mortality of patients from the Perth Acute Myocardial Infarction Register surviving the acute episode (first 28 days) is presented. Of 1138 patients suffering definite or possible acute myocardial infarction in one year, 705 (62%) survived 28 days. There were 89 deaths (11‐5%) in the subsequent 11 months. One year mortality was related to age but not sex, previous symptoms of coronary heart disease, but not hypertension or diabetes, to tachycardia and congestive cardiac failure at first examination, but not arrhythmias in the acute episode.These observations highlight the importance of protecting the myocardium in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
New Approaches to the Management of the Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome
Authors: Tonkin A. M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: New approaches to the management of the Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome. Pre‐excitation has been defined as “a condition in which all or some portion of the ventricular muscle is activated earlier in relation to atrial events, than would be expected had the impulse reached the ventricle by way of the normal atrioventricular conduction system”.‘1 The susceptibility of patients with pre‐excitation to paroxysmal tachycardias had been described many years previously.2 The Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome was initially thought to have a relatively benign prognosis. Subsequently, it was recognised that some patients were prone to life‐threatening arrhythmias and sudden death.3,
4
This recognition has given impetus to sophisticated electrophysiological study of the pre‐excitation syndromes by recently developed techniques of catheterization5
6’7, epicardial mapping8 and surgery.3 The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances in management of the Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome which have been based upon these electrophysiological techniques.
Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis) with Severe Bowel Involvement. Treatment by Extensive Resection of the Small Intestine
Authors: Barnett A. J. , Taubman I. , Poon S. K. , Strangward R. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis) with severe bowel involvement. Treatment by extensive resection of the small intestine.A 48‐year‐old man with previously diagnosed scleroderma with bowel involvement was admitted to hospital with severe malnutrition attributed to malabsorption. Shortly after this, he developed features of intestinal obstruction followed by paralytic ileus.Due to failure to respond to medical treatment, operation was carried, out. On two occasions adhesions were divided, but the bowel failed to function. At a third operation the proximal half of the small bowel below the duodeno‐jejunal flexure was excised. Following this the patient made a good recovery.Small bowel involvement in scleroderma is discussed. Ma/absorption is probably related to bacterial proliferation in the small bowel secondary to stasis and may be helped by antibiotic drugs. Other disturbances resulting in inability of the bowel to propel its contents may comprise syndromes of obstruction and paralytic ileus. A/though management of scleroderma bowel involvement is usually medical, surgical treatment may be indicated under certain circumstances. It may be life‐saving.
Watery Diarrhoea (WDHA) Syndrome Associated with Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Luey K. , Scobie B. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Watery diarrhoea (WDHA) syndrome associated with carcinoma of the lung.A patient with bronchial carcinoma presented with profuse watery diarrhoea, hypokalaemia and hypochlorhydria. Laparotomy appeared to exclude the usual cause, a pancreatic islet‐cell tumour. Relief of the diarrhoea was achieved only with prednisone therapy. Evidence is adduced to implicate a humoral factor produced by the tumour, a/though in this case, the serum VIP level was not elevated.
Changes in Plasma Lipoproteins in Subjects Treated with the Bile Acid‐Sequestering Resin Polidexide (Secholex®)
Authors: Simons L. A. , Williams P. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Changes in plasma lipoproteins in subjects treated with the bile acid‐sequestering resin polidexide (Secholex®). L. A. Simons and P. F. Williams, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 1 27–130The effects of a new anion‐exchange resin, polidexide, 3–30 grams/day, on plasma lipids and lipoproteins have been studied in one normal subject and in three hyperlipidaemic patients. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced in all subjects over 80–120 days of therapy by amounts ranging from 14 to 20%. Plasma triglyceride concentrations increased in two patients with pre‐existing hypertriglyceridaemia. Plasma apolipoprotein‐B concentrations were reduced in all subjects. Cholesterol and apo‐B concentrations in low density lipoproteins were reduced in all subjects, while triglyceride concentrations in very low density lipoproteins were increased in 3/4 subjects. Changes in high density lipoproteins were quite variable.
Visual Acuity and Retinal Changes in South Australian Aborigines
Authors: Edwards F. M. , Wise P. H. , Craig R. J. , Thomas D. W. , Murchland J. B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Visual acuity and retinal changes in South Australian Aborigines. F. M. Edwards, P. H. Wise, R. J. Craig, D. W. Thomas and J. B. MurchlandEye examinations were carried out at four Aboriginal reserves. Of 361 Aboriginal adults tested, 64 had a visual defect (visual acuity of 6/9 or worse) in each eye, a prevalence of 18%, with an additional 79 (22%) with a similar loss of acuity in one eye only; these were more frequently seen at the urbanized reserve of Koonibba.Only one full blood Aboriginal child within the less urbanized communities had a reduced visual acuity, whereas seven (10%) part blood children at a more urbanized reserve had reduced vision in both eyes, with a further nine (13%) in one eye only, not unlike figures quoted for South Australian school children.Vascular changes in the fundus oculi were observed and occurred more often when hypertension and/or hyperglycaemia were present. They consisted of arteriovenous crossing changes (26%), swelling of the retinal veins (3%) and altered light reflex (41%) and were not infrequently seen in the younger adult (20% of adults under 30 years had AV crossing changes and 46% had widened light streak). Analysis suggests that, although hypertension and hyperglycaemia are related to retinal vascular changes, other factors, as yet unidentified, are present in the Aboriginal population under consideration.
Calcium Metabolism after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Duggin G. G. , Dale Nancy E. , Johnson J. R. , Evans R. A. , Whittlestone Anne L. , Tiller D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Calcium metabolism after renal transplantation. G. G. Duggin, Nancy E. Dale, J. R. Johnson. R. A. Evans, Anne L. Whittlestone and D. J. TillerCalcium metabolism was studied in four patients who had undergone renal transplantation from eight to 19 months previously. The studies included conventional biochemical and radiological parameters, undecalcified bone histology and metabolic balances. The only abnormality found was biochemical and histologic evidence of mild hyperparathyroidism. All patients were in approximate calcium balance, and there was no evidence of osteoporosis, osteomalacia or osteitis fibrosa. It is suggested that transplantation patients with stable, well functioning grafts and normal biochemical and radiologic parameters are unlikely to have or to be at risk of developing metabolic bone disease.
Lithium Associated Thyroid Disease—A Report of 14 Cases of Hypothyroidism and 4 Cases of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Brownlie B. E. W. , Chambers S. T. , Sadler W. A. , Donald R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Lithium associated thyroid disease—A report of 14 cases of hypothyroidism and four cases of thyrotoxicosis. B. E. W. Brownlie, S. T. Chambers, W. A. Sadler and R. A. DonaldThyroid function was assessed in 80 patients receiving long‐term lithium therapy. Three of the 80 patients were biochemically hypothyroid and a further patient was receiving thyroxine for lithium associated hypothyroidism. A further eight patients had elevated TSH levels and eight patients had subnormal serum triiodothyronine levels. After a 24 month follow up period seven of the 80 patients have developed clinical hypothyroidism. One patient had elevated thyroid parameters and clinical features of mild hyperthyroidism.Additional clinical and laboratory data are included from seven patients with lithium associated hypothyroidism and three patients with lithium associated thyrotoxicosis who were not included in the survey population.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Nerve Conduction Studies Before, During and After Carbamazepine Therapy
Authors: Chakrabarti A. K. , Samantaray S. K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Nerve conduction studies before, during and after carbamazepine therapy. A. K. Chakrabarti and S. K. Samantaray, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 565–568.Fifty‐four patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were treated with carbamazepine for a period of one year. Clinical assessment and nerve conduction velocity studies (NCV) were done periodically. Forty‐nine patients had symptomatic relief of all sensory manifestations but NCV remained essentially unchanged. Untoward effects of the drug were frequent but transitory. It was concluded that carbamazepine is a dependable drug for the treatment of symptomatic diabetic sensory polyneuropathy.
Clinical Pharmacology and Efficacy of Benorylate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Champion G. D. , Day R. O. , Paull P. D. , Graham G. G. , Owen M. S. , Haski A. L. , Hills L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinical pharmacology and efficacy of benorylate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. G. D. Champion, R. 0. Day, P. D. Paull, G. G. Graham, M. S. Owen, A. L Haski and L. Hills, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 22–28.Benorylate, an ester of aspirin and paracetamol, was evaluated in 24 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Benorylate dosage was individualized over a three week period, and subsequently, the patients were randomly allocated to continue dosage with benorylate or to change to placebo for one week. All measures of inflammation and pain worsened on the change to placebo. At the end of the double‐blind phase, significant differences were noted between the group who stayed on benorylate and the placebo group in the following parameters: pain index, articular index, functional index, the number of analgesic tablets taken, the duration of daytime rest and patients' and investigators' global assessments. There was no significant differences in the time to walk 50 feet while the differences in the duration of morning stiffness and grip strength were of marginal significance. The degree of relapse in the placebo group was most marked in patients who had attained plasma concentrations of salicylate above 130 μglml prior to the change to placebo. The mean adjusted daily dose of benorylate (±SD) was 11‐3 (±0–7) g and the mean plasma concentration of salicylate was 175 (±57) μgI ml.
The Prevalence of HBeAg and Anti‐HBe in an Institution for the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Gust I. D. , Dimitrakakis M. , Sharma D. L. B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The prevalence of HBeAg and anti‐HBe in an institution for the mentally retarded. I. D. Gust, M. Dimitrakakis and D. L B. Sharma, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 471–473.The age specific prevalence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs was studied in 855 mentally retarded children and adults living in a large institution. The sera of every HBsAg positive patient was re‐tested for the presence of HBeAg and anti‐HBe.Overall, 78.2% of subjects showed serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. The carrier rate was highest in children and young adults and higher amongst subjects with Down's syndrome than with other forms of retardation. HBeAg was detected in 33‐9% of carriers and its prevalence also decreased with increasing age and was highest amongst subjects with Down's syndrome.
Toxic Autonomous Thyroid Nodule Following Neck Irradiation*
Authors: Scott R. S. , Brownlie B. E. W. , Bremner J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Toxic autonomous thyroid nodule following neck irradiation. R S. Scott, B. E. W. Brownlie and J. M. Bremner, Aust: N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 521–522.A 37‐year‐old male with a history of neck irradiation in childhood presented with thyrotoxicosis due to an autonomous thyroid nodule. Adjacent to the nodule was a radiation scar from radiotherapy administered 35 years previously. Hemithyroidectomy was performed and histological examination excluded malignant change. Long term follow‐up should continue to detect possible nodule formation in the contralateral lobe.
Sideroblastic Anaemia and Leukaemia in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Phadke K. P. , Kwan Y. L. , Young S. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Sideroblastic anaemia and leukaemia in multiple myeloma. K. P. Phadke, Y. L. Kwan and S. G. Young, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 539–543.Two patients with IgA myeloma and one patient with kappa light chain disease developed sideroblastic anaemia from two to four years after the initial diagnosis. All had previously received radiotherapy and chemotherapy (melphalan and prednisone). In two patients the myeloma was quiescent when the sideroblastic change occurred. Leukaemia occurred in two patients two and seven months respectively after the diagnosis of sideroblastic anaemia was made. In one of them, the myeloma became active again at the same time. The development of sideroblastic anaemia may be a preleukaemic event and may be recognised by the appearance of a dimorphic blood film.
Concomitant IgA Nephropathy and Cyclical Neutropaenia
Authors: Nash H. , Binns G. F. , Clarkson A. R. , Beare T. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Concomitant IgA nephropathy and cyclical neutropaenia.A case of concomitant cyclical neutropaenia and IgA nephropathy, a previously un‐described combination is reported. The patient has recurrent aphthous ulceration, and haematuria occurs with these episodes. The diagnosis of cyclical neutropaenia was based on the clinical features and serial peripheral blood studies, and a renal biopsy studied by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy in conjunction with the clinical features established the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Elevation of serum immunoglobulin, with a disproportionate elevation of IgA was found. The features of this case emphasise the importance of infection as an initiating event in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, and they provide further evidence for the formation of poorly soluble immune complexes as a likely pathogenetic mechanism.
Multi‐System Immunologically Mediated Disease: T Lymphocyte Deficiency and Thyroid Immunologic Disease—A Report of Four Cases
Authors: Wall J. R. , Fang S. L. , Walters B. A. , Strakosch C. R. , Ingbar S. H. , Braverman L. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Multi‐system immunologically mediated disease: T lymphocyte deficiency and thyroid immunologic disease–A report of four cases.Four cases are described of multisystem immunologically ‐mediated disease (systemic lupus erythematosus (two cases), polymyositis, and sarcoidosis) in association with thyroid autoimmunity. In all patients there was evidence of T lymphocyte deficiency, namely poor response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to T cell mitogens (four cases) and failure or decreased ability to become sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (three cases), a/though two patients were ill and two were being treated with steroids. There was also evidence of B lymphocyte deficiency since PBL of no patient responded normally to pokeweed mitogen, a B and T lymphocyte mitogen. In two patients there was evidence of cell‐mediated immunity to human thyroid antigens. Although thyroid stimulating antibody was not detected in the one patient with Graves' disease tested, significant titres of thyroid antibodies were detected in all cases. Possible relationships between T lymphocyte deficiency, organ‐specific autoimmune disease and immunologically‐mediated multi‐system disorders are discussed.
The Clinical and Pathogenetic Significance of Rheumatoid Factors
Authors: Maini R. N. 
Published: March 2008

Summary::The clinical and pathogenetic significance of rheumatoid factors. R N. Maini,Aust. N.Z. J. Med,1978, 8, Suppl. 1, pp. 51–56Rheumatoid factors are immunoglobulins with antibody specificity for antigenic sites on the Fc part of the heavy chain of IgG. The heterogeneity of RF in terms of antigenic specificity and class of immunoglobulin is indicative of the complexity of the provoking immune response. There is little doubt that in many patients rheumatoid factors are autoantibodies which form part of immune complexes, and that complexes containing IgG rheumatoid factor appear to be of pathogenetic importance. A/though IgM rheumatoid factors are not specific for RA, their detection aids in the diagnosis and categorisation of rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, IgG rheumatoid factors occur in a variety of rheumatic diseases and are of little diagnostic value.
Pathogenesis of some Traumatic and Degenerative Disorders of Soft Tissue
Authors: Burry H. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: :Pathogenesis of some traumatic and degenerative disorders of soft tissue. H C.1. Trauma to soft tissues is associated with tissue rupture and formation of a haema‐toma.2. Such lesions cannot be expected to resolve without complications in the absence of appropriate treatment.3. Myositis ossificans should be anticipated in lesions of muscles adjacent to their attachments.4. Chronic tendonitis and enthesopathies not associated with inflammatory connective tissue disease are primarily degenerative in nature and are probably the result of comparative ischaemia. Mesenchymoid transformation is a feature of both.
Intermittent Atrioventricular Block: Procainamide Administration as a Provocative Test*
Authors: Tonkin A. M. , Heddley W. F. , Tornos P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Intermittent atrioventricular block: Procainamide administration as a provocative test. A. M. Tonkin, W. F. Heddle and P. Tornos, Aust. N.Z. J. Med, 1978, 8, pp. 594–602.Twelve patients with clinical features suggesting possible intermittent high degree atrioventricular block were studied. All 12 patients had basic 1: 1 atrioventricular conduction but nine had an electrocardiographic pattern of bifascicular distal conduction disease (right bundle branch block with left anterior or posterior hemib/ock, or left bundle branch block). Intracardiac conduction was assessed by recording of the His bundle electrocardiogram and atrial pacing techniques, before and 20 minutes after intravenous administration of procainamide, in a dose of up to 10 mg/kg. Before procainamide administration, seven of the 12 patients had a prolonged H‐V interval (> 55 ms). Procainamide administration lengthened the H‐V interval in all 12 patients by 5–40 ms. In five patients, procainamide induced second or third degree AV block below the level of the bundle of His. It was concluded that the administration of procainamide may be a useful provocative test of distal conduction in patients with possible intermittent AV block.
Progesterone and Oestrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Holdaway I. M. , Mountjoy K. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Progesterone and oestrogen receptors in human breast cancer. I. M. Holdaway and K. G. Mountjoy, Aust. N.Z. J. Med, 1978, 8, pp. 630–638.Receptors for progesterone were found in 27% of 98 human breast tumours, and for oestrogen in 57% of 191 tumours. With one exception, progesterone receptors were found only in tumours which also contained oestrogen receptors. Levels of oestrogen receptor in positive tumours rose significantly with patient age whereas progesterone receptors were unchanged. Progesterone receptor levels were lower in lymph node metastases than in primary tumours, and oestrogen receptor levels were lower in large tumours (> 5 cm diameter) compared to small lesions. Receptor levels were not significantly correlated with circulating concentrations of either oestrogen or prolactin. The implications of receptor measurements in assessing hormone responsiveness of breast tumours are discussed.
Exercise Testing in the Detection of Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jelinek V. M. , McDonald I. G. , Schweitzer P. , Herman M. V. , Gorlin R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The clinical value of exercise testing in the detection of severe coronary artery disease remains undefined. This question was examined in 289 men and 45 women. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease could be reliably made without exercise testing in patients with angina pectoris which markedly restricted walking or which was accompanied by pathological Q waves on the ECG. Such patients usually had coronary artery disease involving two or three major vessels. Exercise testing was an aid to diagnosis in patients with a normal standard ECG and chest pain suspicious of myocardial ischaemia, either mild angina or atypical. When exercise testing resulted in both angina and ST segment depression in men, coronary artery disease was present in 38 of 41 (93%) of cases. On the other hand, three vessel disease was found in only six of 100 (6%) of men whose exercise test did not evoke angina and ST segment change. A normal exercise test in a woman with suspicious chest pain and a normal ECG was associated with normal coronary arteries in 14 of 15 (93%) of cases. It may be concluded that exercise testing is of most diagnostic value in the assessment of patients with a normal standard ECG and a differential diagnosis of mild angina pectoris and atypical chest pain.