bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three fabricated pigments (Han purple, indigo and emerald green) in ancient Chinese artifacts studied by Raman microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and polarized light microscopy
Authors: Cheng Xiaolin , Xia Yin , Ma Yanru , Lei Yong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed three fabricated pigments from ancient artifacts in China. The purple pigment was obtained from a painted pottery figurine unearthed from the Chu Tombs group of the Western Han dynasty in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. The dark blue dye was from silk textiles in the Palace Museum. The green pigment was from decorative paintings on ancient architectures in the Palace Museum. These pigments were analyzed with Raman microscopy (RM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analytic spectroscopy and polarized light microscopy (PLM). By comparing their Raman spectra with standard samples, the primary ingredients of the purple pigment and the dark blue dye were found to be Han purple and indigo, respectively. However, the green pigment could not be identified by RM because of strong fluorescence. It was then confirmed to be emerald green by using EDX analytic microscopy and PLM. We also describe the traditional manufacturing methods of these pigments and their applications on artifacts in Chinese history. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of the BC3 phase obtained under high pressure and high temperature
Authors: Zinin P. V. , Ming L. C. , Kudryashov I. , Konishi N. , Sharma S. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA direct transformation of the g‐BC3 phase to a new diamond‐like d‐BC3 phase was observed in a diamond‐anvil cell (DAC) at high temperature, 2033 ± 241 K, and high pressure, 50 GPa. Analysis of the peak positions of the d‐BC3, B4C, α‐boron, and the boron‐doped diamond leads to the conclusion that the positions of the peaks of the d‐BC3 are more similar to the peak pattern of the boron‐doped diamond rather than that of boron carbide, α‐boron. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents 28 months after a flood: Age and gender differences
Authors: Bokszczanin Anna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) in a sample of 533 students (aged 11 to 21), 28 months after the 1997 Flood in southwestern Poland. The results show that 18% of the participants met all diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Based on hierarchical multiple regression analyses, PTSD criteria symptoms were positively correlated with the degree of exposure to trauma experienced during the disaster. A three‐way interaction of trauma, age, and gender showed that more PTSD symptoms were observed among the younger participants and girls than among the older boys. The results confirm the need of research testing culturally sensitive implementation of mental health programs for young victims of disasters, taking into account their age and gender.
Postural sway and falls in Parkinson's disease: A regression approach
Authors: Matinolli Maarit , Korpelainen Juha T. , Korpelainen Raija , Sotaniemi Kyösti A. , Virranniemi Minna , Myllylä Vilho V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA population‐based study was designed to evaluate the clinical associates of postural sway and to identify the risk factors for falls in Parkinson's disease (PD). From a total population of 205,000 inhabitants, 215 PD patients were identified of which 120 home‐dwelling cases were finally included in the study. Medical data were collected and patients were clinically examined and tested for static balance using an inclinometric device. Recent falls occurred in 40 (33%) of the subjects and 27 (23%) subjects were recurrent fallers. The fallers had a significantly larger sway area (P = 0.021) and a larger maximum deflection in anterior–posterior (P = 0.016) and lateral directions (P = 0.006) than the nonfallers. A significant correlation was found between the sway measures and the UPDRS total score, motor subcore and UPDRS “bradykinesia” item. A higher UPDRS total score (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07) and an increased sway area (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02–1.54) were independent risk factors for recent falling in PD. In addition, the duration and severity of PD, antiparkinsonian medication, recent falling and the use of a walking aid were associated with increased sway measures. The results can be used to identify PD patients who are at a risk of falling. Both antiparkinsonian medication and nonmedical treatment should be optimized to reduce falls in PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Paroxysmal kinesigenic segmental myoclonus due to a spinal cord glioma
Authors: Marrufo Manuel , Politsky Jeffrey , Mehta Shyamal , Morgan John C. , Sethi Kapil D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report an 18‐year‐old man with paroxysmal jerking movements of the left arm since age 7 years. These were invariably precipitated by startle or sudden movements. He was subsequently diagnosed with a cervical cord anaplastic astrocytoma on MRI. We could not identify previous reports of paroxysmal myoclonus secondary to a spinal cord neoplasm. We have coined the term Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Segmental Myoclonus to describe this entity. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Effects of thiol compounds on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages
Authors: Hossein Mohammad Shamim , Kim Min Kyu , Jang Goo , Oh Hyun Joo , Koo OkJae , Kim Jeong Joo , Kang Sung Keun , Lee Byeong Chun , Hwang Woo Suk 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVarious thiol compounds are known to improve cytoplasmic and/or nuclear maturation of oocytes in vitro. The present study examined the effects of two thiol compounds, cysteine (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM) and cysteamine (50, 100, and 200 µM), on cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Oocytes collected from different reproductive stages were cultured in TCM‐199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2.2 mg/ml sodium carbonate, 2.0 µg/ml estrogen, 0.5 µg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin–streptomycin solution for 72 h. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA after arcscine transformation and protected by Bonferroni post hoc test. The effects of cysteine and cysteamine on canine IVM were varied depending on the reproductive stage of oocyte donor bitches. In the follicular stage, significantly more oocytes reached the metaphase II (M II) stage when cultured with 0.5 or 1.0 mM cysteine (16.7% and 16.9%, respectively) compared to the control (6.2%). In the follicular stage, cysteamine increased oocyte maturation rate upto the M II stage (15.1% to 17.0%) compared to the control (4.4%). Both the 0.5 mM cysteine and 100 µM cysteamine, alone or together, increased the intracellular GSH level of canine oocytes compared to the control. Irrespective of reproductive stage, no further beneficial effects on nuclear or cytoplasmic maturation were observed when 0.5 mM cysteine and 100 µM cysteamine were supplemented together. In conclusion, addition of 0.5 mM cysteine and 100 µM cysteamine to the maturation medium improved IVM of canine oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1213–1220, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the prion protein and its expression with ovarian follicle development in cattle
Authors: Forde N. , Rogers M. , Canty M.J. , Lonergan P. , Smith G.W. , Coussens P.M. , Ireland J.J. , Evans A.C.O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) has been detected in many tissues including reproductive tissues. While its function is unclear, it has been suggested to act as a receptor for an unidentified ligand and/or as an antioxidant agent. We tested the hypothesis that PrPCis differentially expressed in dominant, growing, compared to subordinate bovine ovarian follicles. Using both microarray analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR, the level of prion protein mRNA (Prnp) in both theca and granulosa cells was measured. We found that levels of Prnp were significantly higher in the theca cells of dominant compared to subordinate follicles but similar among granulosa cells from different follicles. This difference was apparent immediately after selection of the dominant follicle and continued to the dominance stage of the follicle wave. Levels of the protein for PrPCwere also higher (P < 0.05) in theca cells of dominant compared to subordinate follicles. In conclusion, elevated PrPCwas associated with ovarian follicle growth and development and we suggest that it may play a role in the success of follicle development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 243–249, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The extent of excessive or insufficient fundraising among US arts organizations and the effect of organizational efficiency on donations to US arts organizations
Authors: Marudas Nicholas P. , Jacobs Fred A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

We estimate, for each nonprofit organization (NPO) in a sample of 606 US arts NPOs, whether the NPO's level of fundraising is ‘excessive,’ ‘insufficient,’ or neither, relative to the level that maximizes net donations. We find that the effect of a 1% increase in fundraising on net donations varies widely across the arts NPOs in our sample—from an increase in net donations of 8.91% of gross donations to a decrease of 3.82% of gross donations. Of the 100 NPOs in our sample with the highest donations, the estimated effect of a 1% increase in fundraising on net donations varies more narrowly—from an increase in net donations of 0.27% of gross donations to a decrease of 0.32% of gross donations. Of these 100 NPOs, we estimate that only 3 engaged in ‘excessive’ fundraising, but 83 engaged in ‘insufficient’ fundraising, and 14 did not engage in ‘excessive’ or ‘insufficient’ fundraising.We also provide evidence that reported organizational efficiency does not affect donations to arts NPOs. This finding may be useful to managers and directors of US arts NPOs who believe that organizational efficiency does impact donations and who, therefore, incorporate the effect on efficiency in their decisions to allocate resources across fundraising, administration, and program objectives.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building relationships across the Timor Sea: an evaluation of the Australian/Timorese friendship agreements
Authors: Spence Rebecca , Ninnes Fiona 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article explores the concept and dynamics of the newly formed, and increasingly popular, Friendship Agreements, between local councils in Australia, and their counterpart district administrations in Timor Leste. The history and purpose of international municipal links are explored and contrasted with current Friendship Agreement policy and practice. The key elements of making international municipal links a success are examined and the main impediments to forging and maintaining sustainable partnerships are discussed and contrasted with the Australian/Timorese experience. The article offers suggestions for creating sustainable, vibrant links. It argues that those Agreements built on notions of paternalism are less likely to succeed than those that are committed to relationship and trust building between and within communities in Australia and Timor Leste. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimaterie – Spiegelbild oder Zerrbild. Antiwasserstoff im Labor
Authors: Kellerbauer Alban 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObwohl im Urknall gleiche Mengen von Antimaterie und Materie entstanden sind, überwiegt letztere heute im beobachtbaren Universum. Die Ursache für diese Asymmetrie gehört zu den ungelösten Rätseln der Physik. Der Grund könnte darin liegen, dass Antimaterie kein absolut perfektes Spiegelbild der Materie ist. Um Antimaterie daraufhin zu untersuchen, muss sie im Labor zur Verfügung stehen. Die Erzeugung von Antiwasserstoff‐Atomen im Labor gelingt seit 1995 erfolgreich am CERN. Doch bislang waren sie zu heiß, um sie zwischenspeichern und mit ihnen weiter experimentieren zu können. Dieses Ziel verfolgen derzeit mehrere Gruppen am CERN.
Präzisionsmessung der Feinstrukturkonstante
Authors: Müller Holger , Chiow Sheng‐wey , Long Quan , Herrmann Sven , Chu Steven 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInterferometrie mit Materiewellen hat sich in jüngerer Vergangenheit zu einem Werkzeug für Präzisionsmessungen unterschiedlicher Art entwickelt. Unsere Gruppe an der Stanford University arbeitet an einer Messung der Feinstrukturkonstante α. Wir nutzen dabei den Rückstoß, den ein Cäsiumatom erfährt, wenn es mit vielen Photonen gleichzeitig wechselwirkt. Durch diese Multiphotonenprozesse lässt sich das Signal um einen Faktor hundert gegenüber früheren Experimenten erhöhen.
Physik und Philosophie im Schatten der Atombombe
Authors: Schaaf Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAm 28. April starb der Physiker, Philosoph und Friedensforscher Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker im Alter von 94 Jahren in Starnberg. Wir würdigen den wohl letzten deutschen Universalgelehrten mit einem kurzen Nachruf sowie mit zwei Auszügen aus einem längeren Interview, das der Physikhistoriker Michael Schaaf 1996 mit von Weizsäcker geführt hat. Im ersten Teil geht es um von Weizsäckers Forschungen am Kohlenstoffzyklus im Innern von Sternen sowie um die Entdeckung der Kernspaltung. Im zweiten Teil, das im nächsten Heft folgt, äußert sich von Weizsäcker zu der Arbeit der deutschen Physiker während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus an einer “Uranmaschine.”
Peeling of polydimethylsiloxane adhesives: The case of adhesive failure
Authors: Verdier Claude , Ravilly Guillaume 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe adhesion properties of high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane adhesives are measured using 90°‐peel adhesion tests, in the high velocity range. Such adhesives undergo mainly adhesive failure in this regime. The influence of viscosity (non‐Newtonian), adhesive thickness, peeling velocity, and backing properties are studied, and new unexpected behaviors are shown. The role of rheology and peeling velocity can be explained by an extension of a model already presented for cohesive failure, by using a power‐law fluid for the adhesive. On the other hand, the influence of the backing rigidity reveals to be coupled with the adhesive elastic properties, this effect being correlated to the introduction of a new parameter in the model, the Weissenberg number for viscoelasticity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2113–2122, 2007
Early life events in asthma—diet
Authors: Devereux Graham 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that the recent increase in the prevalence of asthma may, in part, be a consequence of changing diet. There is now increasing interest in the possibility that childhood asthma may be influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy and/or diet during early childhood. A number of observational studies and a childhood fish oil supplementation study provide little support for the notion that early childhood intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence the development of childhood asthma. Recent work however, suggests that supplementation of maternal diet with fish oil is associated with altered neonatal immune responses to allergens. Further work is required to establish whether this immunological observation is translated into clinical outcomes. Two birth cohorts have now reported reduced maternal intake of vitamin E, zinc and vitamin D during pregnancy to be associated with increased asthma and wheezing outcomes in children up to the age of 5 years. Early life diet could modulate the likelihood of childhood asthma by affecting fetal airway development and/or influencing the initial early life interactions between allergens and the immune system. In animal models, vitamin E, zinc and vitamin D have been shown to modify fetal lung development and vitamin E, zinc, vitamin D and PUFA can modulate T‐cell responses. Further research, particularly, early life intervention studies need to be carried out to establish whether early life dietary intervention can be used as a public health measure to reduce the prevalence of childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:663–673. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors that correlate with sleep oxygenation in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Uyan Z.S. , Özdemir N. , Ersu R. , Akpınar İ. , Keskin S. , Çakır E. , Karadağ B. , Karakoç F. , Dağlı E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveCystic fibrosis (CF) patients may develop hypoxemia during sleep. Limited information is available on nocturnal oxygen saturation in CF children with less severe lung disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of nocturnal oxygen desaturation and factors that correlate with nocturnal oxygenation in CF children with normal pulmonary function tests (PFTs) or mild to moderate lung disease.MethodAwake resting and post‐exercise SpO2 were measured by pulse oximetry. Each patient had overnight oximetry monitorization at home. Six minutes walk test (6MWT), Shwachman–Kulczycki (S–K), Brasfield and computed tomography (CT) scores, blood gas analysis and nutritional status of patients were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐four patients with a median age of 9.5 years were included. Nocturnal mean SpO2 did not differ according to the severity of lung disease based on PFT. However, lowest SpO2 obtained was lower in children with both mild and moderate lung disease compared to normals (87.4% vs. 91.7%, respectively, p = 0.009). 95.8% of CF children with normal PFT or mild to moderate lung disease had desaturation events during sleep. Nocturnal mean SpO2 correlated with S–K (Spearman's rho = 0.64, p < 0.0001), Brasfield (Spearman's rho = 0.31, p = 0.007) and CT scores (Spearman's rho = −0.67, p < 0.0001) as well as PaO2 (Spearman's rho = 0.28, p = 0.021), SaO2 (Spearman's rho=0.28, p = 0.023), z‐score of weight (Spearman's rho = 0.23, p = 0.20) and height (Spearman's rho = 0.20, p = 0.30), there was no correlation with 6MWT.ConclusionsIn CF children with normal PFT or mild‐to‐moderate lung disease, nocturnal oxygenation may correlate with S–K, Brasfield and CT scores as well as PaO2, SaO2, z‐score of weight and height. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:716–722. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the consistency between positron annihilation lifetime and Doppler broadening results in polypropylene
Authors: Djourelov N. , Dauwe C. , Palacio C. A. , Laforest N. , Bas C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPolypropylene samples were measured as a function of the source exposure time at 20 K and as a function of the temperature (20‐400 K) simultaneously by Positron Annihilation Lifetime (PAL) and Doppler Broadening (DB) spectroscopy. The peak shape parameter (S) measured by DB can be calculated as a sum of contributions of specific parameters corresponding to each positron state. The contributions are obtained by analysis of the PAL spectra. The confinement of positronium (Ps) in a free volume hole (FVH) determines the self annihilation shape parameter Ssa of the para‐Ps, the pick‐off annihilation lifetime τpo, and supposes FVH size‐dependence of the pick‐off shape parameter Spo. The ortho‐Ps lifetime and shape parameters are used to compute Ssa. In this way, the temperature and time dependences of the S parameter are modelled. The fit of this model to the experimental S parameter shows a stronger dependence of the Spo on the FVH size (R) than the one as expected by taking into account only the Ps momentum. This result suggests that the penetration of Ps into the walls of the FVH must be properly considered and that the penetration depth depends on R itself. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of vacancies during creep and secondary precipitation in an underaged Al‐Cu‐Mg‐Ag alloy
Authors: Somoza A. , Macchi C. E. , Lumley R. N. , Polmear I. J. , Dupasquier A. , Ferragut R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAluminium alloys that are deliberately underaged show both enhanced creep resistance at elevated temperatures and high responses to secondary ageing at lower temperatures (e.g. 20‐65 °C). These phenomena appear to be strongly influenced by the presence of vacant lattice sites and positron annihilation spectroscopy has been used to study the roles of solute/vacancy interaction during precipitation in an aged Al‐Cu‐Mg‐Ag alloy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental studies of beta positron implantation profiles in condensed matter
Authors: Dryzek J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe results of the new measurements of the linear absorption coefficient for positrons emitted from 22Na and 68Ge\68Ga sources are presented. As a result, improvements were made to the well‐known Gleason et al. (G. I. Gleason et al., Nucleonics 8, 12 (1951) [1]) formula giving the value of the mass absorption coefficient. It was shown that this coefficient depended not only on the maximum energy of emitted positrons but also on the atomic number the implanted absorber and exhibited an oscillatory dependence on atomic number for heavy absorbers. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positron annihilation spectroscopy as a tool to develop self healing in aluminium alloys
Authors: Hautakangas S. , Schut H. , van der Zwaag S. , Rivera Diaz del Castillo P. E. J. , van Dijk N. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPositron lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy have been applied to probe the free volume generation (vacancies, dislocations and nano‐cracks) during plastic deformation of a commercial aluminium AA2024 (T3) alloy. Aim of the total program is to study how solute atoms can be driven to the areas where initial cracking may occur in order to prevent the failure of the specimen. The phenomenon of closing the nano‐crack is called Self Healing, and can provide extra strength and ductility to the alloy under some loading conditions. Plastic deformation of over‐aged aluminum alloy at room temperature increases the average positron lifetime from initial value of 190 ps to 203 ps. The low momentum parameter S increases in agreement with the increase of open volume defects. The elastic deformation of the sample does not have a recordable effect on the positron annihilation data. It is also shown that the induced damage does not recover after loading the sample, i.e. the AA2024 in the T3 state is non self healing material, as expected, providing important first state result in the research of self healing Al alloys. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulated positron lifetime (SimPL): a Monte Carlo simulator for positron diffusion, trapping, and lifetime spectra
Authors: Lawther Derek W. , Gaudin André , Stewart Allan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA JAVA‐based Monte Carlo simulation program (SimPL) has been created which generates realistic positron lifetime (PL) spectra. The program achieves this by simulating the diffusion, trapping, and annihilation, of positrons in solids. Users can define: defect structures (type, size, concentration, and spatial distribution); behaviour of the positrons in each trap state (trapping rate, lifetime, and effective range of interaction); and spectrometer performance (time resolution, background). SimPL is shown to be very useful for assessing the accuracy of fitted parameter (lifetimes, intensities) values extracted from PL spectra using, e.g. PATFIT. It is also shown to be useful for quantifying the effect that defect spatial distributions have on the positron trapping fraction. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)