bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser and conventional incisional techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Davidson Ellen B. , Davis Michael S. , Campbell Gregory A. , Williamson Kathy K. , Payton Mark E. , Healey Tiffany S. , Bartels Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare clinical outcome, healing, and effect of tracheostomy in conventional incisional and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs.Design—Prospective randomized trial.Animals—20 adult brachycephalic dogs.Methods—Dogs were randomly allocated into 4 groups, and 1 of the following was performed: palate resection by use of a CO2laser; incisional palate resection and closure with suture; and palate resection by use of a CO2laser or incision with tracheostomy. A clinical score for respiratory function was assigned to each dog at 0, 2, 8, 16, and 24 hours. Biopsy specimens of incision sites obtained at days 0, 3, 7, and 14 were examined. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of technique on clinical and histologic outcome.Results—Mean surgical time for laser (309 seconds) was significantly shorter than for sharp dissection (744 seconds). Surgical technique significantly affected clinical scores at 3 of the 5 postoperative time points, but differences were not clinically apparent. Tracheostomy significantly affected clinical scores at 3 of 5 postoperative time points. After tracheostomy tube removal, clinical scores were similar to those of dogs without tracheostomies. Inflammation, necrosis, and ulceration were evident in all groups at day 3; these lesions had almost resolved by day 14. Most complications were associated with tracheostomy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinical outcomes appear to be similar with the laser and incisional techniques. Regarding surgical time and ease, laser resection of the soft palate appears advantageous. Tracheostomy is not warranted in dogs that have uncomplicated surgeries and recoveries. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:776–781)
Fractures of the palmar aspect of the carpal bones in horses: 10 cases (1984–2000)
Authors: Wilke Markus , Nixon Alan J. , Malark John , Myhre Grant 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome of horses with fractures of the palmar aspect of the radial carpal bone, with or without concurrent fractures of the palmar surfaces of the other carpal bones.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—10 horses.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on history, signalment, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Follow-up information was gathered from owners and referring veterinarians.Results—7 horses became lame after recovery from general anesthesia for treatment of an unrelated problem. The remaining 3 horses developed a forelimb lameness after falling (1 horse) or being turned out in a pasture (2 horses). Fractures involved the palmar surface of the radial carpal bone in all 10 horses; in addition, the ulnar carpal bone was affected in 2 horses, the intermediate carpal bone in 2 horses, and the distal aspect of the radius in 4 horses. None of the 4 horses treated nonsurgically returned to work, and 3 were euthanatized because of recalcitrant lameness. In the other 6 horses, fragments were removed surgically. Two were euthanatized because of continued lameness, 1 was euthanatized for other reasons, 2 were sound enough for light work, and 1 returned to athletic work.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that fractures of the palmar aspect of the carpal bones are uncommon in horses. The prognosis appears to be poor for affected horses but may be better for horses that undergo arthroscopic removal of intra-articular fragments. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:801–804)
Comparison of radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs
Authors: Davis Garrett J. , Kapatkin Amy S. , Craig Linden E. , Heins Gregory S. , Wortman Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine which imaging modality best determines the microscopic extent of primary appendicular osteosarcoma in amputated limbs in dogs.Design—Case series.Animals—10 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.Procedure—10 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma that did not receive neoadjuvent chemotherapy were treated by use of limb amputation. Amputated limbs were imaged by use of radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examined microscopically to determine longitudinal extent of neoplastic cell involvement and length of associated intramedullary fibrosis. Changes detected by use of the various imaging studies were compared with the actual tumor length determined microscopically. Data were analyzed to determine which imaging technique most closely predicted tumor length.Results—Measurements obtained by use of craniocaudal radiographic views were most accurate at predicting tumor length but underestimated tumor length substantially in 1 limb and slightly in another limb. Measurements made by use of CT were most accurate at predicting tumor length when intramedullary fibrosis was taken into account but underestimated tumor length in 1 limb. Measurements made by use of MRI were least accurate but did not underestimate tumor length in any of the limbs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although radiography is used in diagnosis of osteosarcoma in dogs, additional imaging studies to confirm the extent of neoplasia prior to limb-sparing ostectomy may be beneficial. Underestimation of tumor length would be associated with higher incidence of incomplete excision and local tumor recurrence. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1171–1176)
Use of a carbon dioxide laser for surgical management of cutaneous masses in horses: 32 cases (1993–2000)
Authors: McCauley Charles T. , Hawkins Jan F. , Adams Stephen B. , Fessler John F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine outcome of horses in which cutaneous masses were removed with a carbon dioxide laser.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—32 horses.Procedure—Medical records of horses with 1 or more cutaneous masses treated with a carbon dioxide laser were examined. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone interviews with owners and referring veterinarians.Results—Cutaneous masses were classified as sarcoids (15 horses), neoplastic masses other than sarcoids (squamous cell carcinoma [9]; fibroma [1]; and melanoma [1]), and nonneoplastic masses (6). Minimum follow-up time was 6 months. Five sarcoids and 2 squamous cell carcinomas recurred. Seven (21%) horses had complications associated with dehiscence of wounds that had been closed primarily or failure of wound healing because of recurrence of the mass. Twenty-six (81%) owners were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance following surgery.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a carbon dioxide laser may be effective for treatment of cutaneous masses in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1192–1197)
Use of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens isolated from the milk of dairy cows with clinical mastitis to predict response to treatment with cephapirin and oxytetracycline
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Morin Dawn E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens isolated from the milk of dairy cows with clinical mastitis were associated with duration of clinical signs or bacteriologic cure rate following treatment with cephapirin and oxytetracycline.Design—Observational study on a convenience sample.Animals—58 dairy cows with 121 episodes of clinical mastitis.Procedure—Cows that only had abnormal glandular secretions were treated with cephapirin alone. Cows with an inflamed gland and abnormal glandular secretions were treated with oxytetracycline and cephapirin. Cows with systemic signs of illness, an inflamed gland, and abnormal glandular secretions were treated with oxytetracycline and flunixin meglumine and frequent stripping of the affected glands. The Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and current guidelines were used to categorize causative bacteria as susceptible or resistant to the treatment regimen.Results—Median durations of episodes of clinical mastitis caused by susceptible (n = 97) and resistant (24) bacteria were not significantly different. Bacteriologic cure rates at 14 and 28 days were similar for episodes caused by susceptible and resistant bacteria; however, for 56 episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive bacteria and treated with cephapirin alone, bacteriologic cure rate at 28 days was significantly higher for susceptible than for resistant bacteria.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that antimicrobial susceptibility testing was of no value in predicting duration of clinical signs or bacteriologic cure rate in dairy cows with mastitis, except for episodes caused by gram-positive organisms treated with intramammary administration of cephapirin alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:103–108)
Effect of topical application of fipronil in cats with flea allergic dermatitis
Authors: Medleau Linda , Hnilica Keith A. , Lower Kimberly , Alva Roberto , Clekis Terry , Case Jerry , McArthur T. Reid , Barrick Ruth Ann , Jeannin Philippe , Irwin Jennifer 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether topical application of
a 10% fipronil solution would control signs of flea allergic
dermatitis in cats housed under natural conditions.
Design—Multicenter open clinical trial.
Animals—42 client-owned cats with flea allergic dermatitis.
Procedures—Study cats along with all other cats and
dogs living in the same houses were treated with
10% fipronil solution topically on days 0, 30, and 60.
Flea counts and clinical assessments were performed
on study cats on days 0, 14, 30, 60, and 90.
Results—Percentage reductions in geometric mean
flea counts on days 14, 30, 60, and 90, compared with
day-0 geometric mean count, were 75, 73, 85, and
94%, respectively. Pruritus score was significantly
improved at each examination after day 0, and pruritus
was reduced or eliminated in 31 of 40 (78%) cats at
the final examination. Similarly, scores for severity of
miliary dermatitis and alopecia were significantly
improved at each examination, except for alopecia
score on day 14. Overall treatment efficacy, assessed
on day 90, was excellent for 28 (70%) cats, good for 6
(15%), moderate for 3 (7.5%), and poor for 3 (7.5%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that monthly topical application of fipronil is effective
for treatment of flea allergic dermatitis in cats
housed under natural conditions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2002;221:254–257)
Udder cleft dermatitis and sarcoptic mange in a dairy herd
Authors: Warnick Lorin D. , Nydam Daryl , Maciel Ana , Guard Charles L. , Wade Susan E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis in a dairy herd that was experiencing an outbreak of sarcoptic mange.Design—Clinical survey.Animals—1,597 Holstein cows and late-gestation heifers.Procedure—Animals were examined for udder cleft dermatitis and for skin lesions consistent with sarcoptic or chorioptic mange. Skin scrapings were collected from 56 cows and examined for ectoparasites. The herd was revisited 1 year later, and prevalences of udder cleft dermatitis and lesions consistent with mange were determined in 506 cows.Results—Of the 1,597 cattle examined, 280 (18%) had udder cleft dermatitis, and 1,397 (87.5%) had lesions consistent with mange. In 43 of 56 (77%) cows, skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes mites. Udder cleft dermatitis was significantly more common in older than in younger cows. In first-lactation cows, udder cleft dermatitis was less common during the first 4 months of lactation than in the later stages of lactation, but udder cleft dermatitis was identified in cows in all stages of lactation and in cows that were not lactating. The herd was treated with eprinomectin to control mites, and prevalence of lesions consistent with mange 1 year later was only 2.8%. However, prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis was still 12%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cows in any stage of lactation and cows that are not lactating can have udder cleft dermatitis but that lesions are more common in older cows. Control of sarcoptic mange was accompanied by a moderate reduction in the prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis but did not eliminate the condition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:273–276)
Small Animals/Avian
Authors: Cave Nicholas J. , Marks Stanley L. , Kass Philip H. , Melli Ann C. , Brophy Melissa A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives—To assess the diagnostic yield of a routine fecal panel and determine whetherClostridium perfringens or C difficiletoxin production is associated with acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome (AHDS) in dogs.Design—Case-control study.Animals—260 dogs with diarrhea and 177 dogs with normal feces.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for results of culture forC difficile, Campylobacterspp, andSalmonellaspp;C perfringensfecal enterotoxin (CPE) assay via ELISA or reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) assay; fecal endospore enumeration;C difficiletoxin A assay; and parasite evaluation.Results—Prevalence of CPE in dogs with diarrhea was 22/154 (14.3%) via ELISA and 47/104 (45.2%) via RPLA assay, versus 9/74 (12%) via ELISA and 26/103 (25%) via RPLA assay in control dogs. Prevalence ofC difficilewas 47/260 (18%) in dogs with diarrhea and 41/74 (55%) in control dogs. Prevalence ofC difficiletoxin A was 26/254 (10.2%) in dogs with diarrhea and 0/74 in control dogs. Diagnosis of AHDS was made in 27 dogs; 8 had positive results for CPE, 7 had positive results for toxin A, and 1 had positive results for both toxins.Campylobacterspp were isolated from 13 of 260 (5%) dogs with diarrhea and 21 of 74 (28.4%) control dogs.Salmonellaspp were isolated from 3 (1.2%) dogs with diarrhea.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Diagnostic value of a fecal panel in dogs with diarrhea appears to be low. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:52–59)
Primary pure red cell aplasia in dogs: 13 cases (1996–2000)
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives—To examine clinical features, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome of dogs with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—13 dogs with severe nonregenerative anemia and bone marrow erythroid aplasia.Procedures—Medical records of dogs determined to have PRCA on the basis of results of blood and bone marrow analysis between 1996 and 2000 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were severe nonregenerative anemia (Hct < 20%; reticulocyte count < 1.0%), selective erythroid aplasia in bone marrow, and lack of underlying diseases that may have caused the anemia.Results—Median age of dogs was 6.5 years. Females were significantly overrepresented. Median Hct was 10%, and median reticulocyte count was 0.1%. Direct Coombs' test results were negative for all dogs tested, and spherocytosis was evident in 2 dogs. All dogs were treated with prednisolone, and 2 dogs were treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. Responses to treatment were complete, partial, and poor in 10, 1, and 2 dogs, respectively. Median time required to achieve an increase of 5% or more in Hct was 38 days, and median time to complete remission was 118 days. Of 10 dogs for which follow-up information was available, only 1 required long-term immunosuppressive treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with PRCA appear to respond readily to treatment with immunosuppressive drugs; however, hematologic responses may not be observed for weeks to months after initiation of treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:93–95)
Comparison of results of three commercial heartworm antigen test kits in dogs with low heartworm burdens
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare results of 3 commercial heartworm antigen test kits performed on serum samples from dogs infected with low numbers of adult female heartworms.Design—Blinded laboratory evaluation.Sample Population—Serum samples from dogs (n = 208) proven at necropsy to be infected with 1 to 4 adult female heartworms and from dogs (32) without heartworms.Procedure—Samples were sequentially tested with each test kit, following the manufacturers' instructions, by licensed veterinary technicians in private practice who were not aware of infection status of the dogs. The order of test kit evaluations was randomly chosen. For each test kit, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were evaluated.Results—All tests yielded some false-negative results, and there were significant differences among tests in regard to ability to detect low heartworm burdens. Sensitivity of the test kits ranged from 78 to 84%. For all test kits, sensitivity increased as number of female heartworms increased. All 3 test kits had high specificity (97%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that sensitivity of the 3 commercially available heartworm antigen test kits ranged from 78 to 84% when used to test serum samples from dogs with low heartworm burdens, and that sensitivity varied among test kits. For all 3 test kits, specificity was 97%. All 3 test kits yielded false-positive and false-negative results for some dogs with low heartworm burdens. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1221–1223)
Evaluation of cattle for experimental infection with and transmission of Brucella suis biovar 4
Authors: Forbes Lorry B. , Tessaro Stacy V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether cattle can become persistently infected withBrucella suisbiovar 4, whether the organism can be transmitted vertically or horizontally, and whether tests for bovine brucellosis are diagnostic.Design—Observational study.Animals—24 pregnant cows and their calves and 6 bulls.Procedure—Cows and bulls were housed separately in groups of 6 with each group consisting of 3 cattle experimentally infected withB suisbiovar 4 and 3 naïve animals. Cattle were observed for clinical signs daily; blood samples were collected weekly. Clotted blood from each sample was submitted for bacterial culture. Serum was tested with an indirect ELISA and the standard tube agglutination test (STAT), buffered plate agglutination test, brucellosis card test (BCT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Tissues collected at necropsy were submitted for bacterial culture and histologic examination.Results—All 15 inoculated cattle seroconverted on 2 or more serologic tests, and bacteria were isolated from 4 inoculated cows at necropsy. There was no bacteriologic evidence of vertical or horizontal transmission, and none of the cattle developed clinical abnormalities or gross or histologic lesions. Results of the indirect ELISA were positive for all inoculated cattle. The other tests gave variable results; the CFT, STAT, and BCT yielded negative results for at least 1 of the 4 cattle from which the organism was isolated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cattle-to-cattle transmission ofB suisbiovar 4 is unlikely. Serologic tests for bovine brucellosis should be used cautiously when attempting to identify cattle with rangiferine brucellosis, as they do not discriminate between the 2 diseases and vary in their ability to detect exposed cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1252–1256)
Evaluation of urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs
Authors: Balkman Cheryl E. , Center Sharon A. , Randolph John F. , Trainor Deborah , Warner Karen L. , Crawford Maryann A. , Adachi Kenichi , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate 3 methods for measuring urine bile acids (UBA) and compare their diagnostic performance with that of the serum bile acids (SBA) test and other routine screening tests in dogs with hepatic disorders.Design—Prospective study.Animals—15 healthy dogs, 102 dogs with hepatic disorders, and 9 dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disorders that were found to have nonhepatic disorders.Procedures—Blood and urine samples were collected from sick dogs and healthy dogs for serum biochemical analyses, and determination of concentrations of SBA and UBA. Urine samples were obtained from 15 healthy dogs to establish an upper cutoff value for UBA concentrations. The UBA were measured by use of a quantitative-linked enzymatic colorimetric method. Three analytical modifications were evaluated; 1 quantified only urine sulfated bile acids (USBA), 1 only urine nonsulfated bile acids (UNSBA), and 1 quantified both (USBA plus UNSBA). The UBA values were standardized with the urine creatinine concentration.Results—The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio tests had the best diagnostic performance of the UBA tests; each had a substantially higher specificity, slightly higher positive predictive value, slightly lower negative predictive value, and lower sensitivity than the SBA test. These UBA-to-creatinine values were positively correlated with SBA values. The USBA-to-creatinine ratio had poor sensitivity, indicating a low rate of bile acid sulfation in dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The UBA can be measured in dogs with sufficient repeatability and accuracy for clinical application. The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio identified dogs with hepatic disorders nearly as well as the SBA test. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222: 1368–1375)
Outcome of epidural catheterization for delivery of analgesics in horses: 43 cases (1998–2001)
Authors: Martin Christine A. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Pearce Simon G. , Lansdowne Jennifer L. , Bouré Ludovic P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine reasons for epidural catheter placement among horses examined at a veterinary teaching hospital, efficacy of epidural administration of analgesics, duration of catheter placement, reasons for catheter removal, and complications encountered.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—43 horses.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed.Results—A total of 50 epidural catheters were placed in the 43 horses. Underlying conditions included fractures, lacerations, septic arthritis, myositis, perineal injuries, and cellulitis. Horses ranged from 2 to 21 years old and weighed between 365 and 795 kg (803 and 1,749 lb). Median duration of catheter placement was 96 hours (range, 1.5 to 480 hours). The response to epidural drug administration was reported as positive in 34 horses and negative in 4. There was no apparent response in 2 horses, and response could not be determined in 3. Three temporary patient-related complications associated with epidural catheter administration were observed. Technical problems associated with the epidural catheters included dislodgement of the catheter itself (7 catheters) or of the adapter or filter (5), obstruction (5), and leakage (5). Twenty-two catheters were removed because of resolution of the underlying condition, and 10 were removed because of complications. For 6 catheters, the reason for catheter removal was not recorded. The remaining 12 catheters were in place when the horses were euthanatized .Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that epidural catheterization can be used successfully for repeated epidural delivery of analgesics and anesthetics in horses with various clinical conditions. Complications associated with epidural catheters or epidural drug administration were infrequent and transient. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1394–1398)