bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test positivity cutoff level of a high risk human papillomavirus test could be increased in routine cervical cancer screening
Authors: Kotaniemi‐Talonen Laura , Malila Nea , Nieminen Pekka , Anttila Ahti , Tarkkanen Jussi , Laurila Pekka , Hakama Matti 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present data on test positivity, relative sensitivity, rates of detection and relative specificity for primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing with different cutoff levels for test positivity, in comparison to conventional cytology. In 2003–2004, 18,438 women were screened primarily with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2) assay, a test for oncogenic HPV DNA, and 21,446 with conventional cytology within the organised screening programme in Finland. A cytological triage test was performed for the HPV positives. Women with cytology equal to low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or worse were referred for colposcopy. The relative sensitivity measured as relative risk (RR) of any cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cancer was 1.58 for the HPV test at the relative light units (rlu) ratio cutoff 1.00, in comparison to cytology. With the cutoff 3.00, all CIN 2+ lesions were detected. With cutoff 10.00, 2 of the 22 CIN 3+ lesions were missed. Relative specificity for HPV screening for any CIN was 92.6% at cutoff 1.00, 94.6% at cutoff 3.00 and 96.3% at cutoff 10.00. For CIN 3+ specificity estimates for these cutoffs were 92.1%, 94.1% and 95.8%, respectively. Used for routine screening as the sole test, the HPV test cutoff can be increased from the level recommended for clinical use. With HC 2, the detection rate at rlu ratio cutoff 10.00 is still at the level of high‐quality conventional screening. At that level, the false positive rate is reduced by about half and the specificity of the HPV test becomes equal to the average specificity of conventional cytology. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of smoking on the male excess of bladder cancer: A meta‐analysis and geographical analyses
Authors: Hemelt Marjolein , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Cheng Kar K. , Zeegers Maurice P.A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSmoking is considered the primary risk factor for bladder cancer. Although smoking prevalence and bladder cancer incidence vary around the world, bladder cancer is on average 4 times more common in males than in females. This article describes the observed male–female incidence ratio of bladder cancer for 21 world regions in 2002 and 11 geographical areas during the time period 1970–1997. A meta‐analysis, including 34 studies, was performed to ascertain the increased risk for bladder cancer in males and females when smoking. The summary odds ratios (SORs) calculated in the meta‐analysis were used to estimate the male–female incidence ratio of bladder cancer that would be expected for hypothetical smoking prevalence scenarios. These expected male–female incidence ratios were compared with the observed ratios to evaluate the role of smoking on the male excess of bladder cancer. The male–female incidence ratio of bladder cancer was higher than expected worldwide and over time, based on a smoking prevalence of 75% in males, 10% in females and an increased risk (SOR) of bladder cancer associated with smoking of 4.23 for males and 1.35 for females, respectively. This implied that, at least in the Western world, smoking can only partially explain the difference in bladder cancer incidence. Consequently, other factors are responsible for the difference in bladder cancer incidence. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in Italy: A population‐based study
Authors: Mirabelli Dario , Roberti Sara , Gangemi Manuela , Rosato Rosalba , Ricceri Fulvio , Merler Enzo , Gennaro Valerio , Mangone Lucia , Gorini Giuseppe , Pascucci Cristiana , Cavone Domenica , Nicita Carmela , Barbieri Pietro Gino , Marinaccio Alessandro , Magnani Corrado , Montanaro Fabio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn some population‐based studies, a shorter median survival was observed in peritoneal as compared with pleural, malignant mesothelioma, but in others, longer median survival times or higher proportions of long‐term survivors were reported. Statistical instability could have caused these differences. We analyzed survival in peritoneal mesothelioma in a large and unselected population‐based case series. Cases (338) registered from 1990 to 2001 by 9 Italian regional mesothelioma registries contributing to the network of the National Mesothelioma Registry were followed until December 31, 2005. Univariate (Kaplan‐Meier) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards regression) analyses of survival were performed according to selected individual characteristics, including limited treatment information in a subset of 194 cases. The results were compared with those obtained in a parallel study on pleural mesothelioma cases. Epithelioid histotype, younger age at diagnosis and, to a lesser degree, gender (women), and being diagnosed in a hospital with a thoracic surgery unit positively and significantly affected survival. The effect of treatment was positive but not statistically significant. No trend in the risk of death according to calendar period of diagnosis was present. Peritoneal mesothelioma cases had shorter median survival time than pleural cases, but a larger proportion of long‐term survivors. Survival patterns after peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma differed markedly. Treatment was not associated with a statistically significant improvement in survival, but our study included cases first diagnosed before the introduction of the most recent therapeutic approaches. This provides a large historical comparison for future studies on survival trends at the population level. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of proliferation tests to evaluate the effects of complexing agents on beryllium toxicity
Authors: Stephan Chadi H. , Sauvé Sébastien , Fournier Michel , Brousseau Pauline 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOccupational exposure to beryllium may cause chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis caused by a cell‐mediated immune response with delayed hypersensitivity initiated by an electrostatic interaction with the MHC class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Increased research efforts focus on the development of a CBD treatment by chelation therapy. This work presents anin vitroevaluation of the beneficial effects of beryllium chelation with different organic substrates. We have used a standard beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) adapted for mouse splenocytes. Three complexing agents, 4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonic acid (tiron), nitrilotripropionic acid (NTP) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), were tested using different protocols of the splenocyte proliferation test (SPT). We studied their corrective effect (beryllium pre‐exposed splenocytes), their protective effect (ligand pre‐exposed splenocytes) and their combined effects at fixed Be:L ratio of 1:2, at fixed Be concentration and at fixed L concentration. We also studied the effect of tiron in preventing splenocyte sensitization to beryllium. All three complexing agents showed a corrective effect and proved efficient in the combined effects, except NTA in the fixed Be:L ratio. Only NTP and tiron showed a significant protection at lower beryllium concentrations, while NTA was not significant. Splenocytes pre‐exposed to chelated beryllium did not show sensitization while splenocytes pre‐exposed to beryllium were sensitized. We observed a strong correlation between the efficiency of the complexing agent and its affinity towards beryllium. Both tiron and NTP showed a similar affinity towards the beryllium ion that is 107higher than that of NTA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth of three bacteria in arsenic solution and their application for arsenic removal from wastewater
Authors: Mondal P. , Majumder C. B. , Mohanty B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present paper compares the arsenic removal capacities of three bacterial strains namely, Ralstonia eutropha MTCC 2487, Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194 and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374 form wastewater (simulated acid mine drainage) containing arsenic (As(III):As(V)::1:1), Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the concentration of 15 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 2 mg/l, 5 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively, in bulk liquid phase. Growth patterns of these bacteria in presence of arsenic in solution as well as under starvation have also been investigated as the acid mine drainage normally does not contain organic carbon and also contains high arsenic. At the nutrient broth concentration of 1.25 g/l and in presence of 15 mg/l arsenic sufficient growth of these strains have been observed. However, growth of Ralstonia eutropha MTCC 2487 has been found slightly more than Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194 and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374. Arsenic removal capacities of Ralstonia eutropha MTCC 2487, Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194 and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374 from simulated acid mine drainage are ∼67%, 60% and 61% respectively. It has also been observed that arsenic concentration of 15 mg/l prolongs the stationary phase of these strains. pH and temperature for the above studies have been maintained at 7.1 ± 0.1 and 29 ± 1 °C, respectively. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of potential probiotic lactobacilli from pig feces
Authors: Yun Ji Hyun , Lee Ki Beom , Sung Youn Kyoung , Kim Eun Bae , Lee Hong‐Gu , Choi Yun Jaie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study examined four lactobacilli isolated from pig feces. Two hundred lactic acid bacteria strains were obtained from pig feces using selective culture media (with vancomycin and bromocresol green; termed LAMVAB agar). Microscopy, the catalase test, Gram‐staining, and RAPD‐PCR analysis were used to group the bacteria into 20 related clusters. Phenotypic analysis using the API 50 CH test and genotypic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences identified these clusters as representing single strains of each of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus reuteri. Bacterial survival under the conditions of low pH (2.0) and high concentration (5.0%, w/v) of bile salt was much better than that of the reference strain (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 33199). The isolated bacteria were quite capable of inhibiting the growth of two pathogens, Escherichia coli K88 and Salmonella typhimurium. The high acid‐resistance, bile resistance and antagonism against pathogens, suggest that the four lactic acid bacteria isolated from pig feces could prove useful as piglet probiotics. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The texture of cooked potatoes: A review
Authors: Warren Donald S. , Woodman John S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe literature concerning cooked‐potato texture is reviewed and discussed in the light of three new hypotheses. First, that “mealiness” is the subjective perception of the flow characteristics (“viscosity”) of cooked tissue and that this aspect of texture is controlled primarily by the solids content of the tuber. Second, that the reduction in tissue strength which occurs on cooking is due to water uptake by the polysaccharides of the cell wall. This increases the thickness of the cell wall and reduces the viscosity of the cell wall matrix: both effects combine to reduce the stress required to separate cells. Third, that, when the intrinsic properties of the cell wall material lead to excessive hydration, the adhesion between cells may be sufficiently reduced to allow spontaneous separation or “sloughing”.
Chemotaxonomy of bacteria by comprehensive GC and GC‐MS in electron impact and chemical ionisation mode
Authors: David Frank , Tienpont Bart , Sandra Pat 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe analysis of the cellular lipidic fraction of bacteria is described. After hydrolysis and methylation, the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are determined by 1‐D GC using the Sherlock MIDI bacteria identification system, by comprehensive GC (GC×GC) and by GC‐MS in electron impact (EI) and positive chemical ionisation (PCI) mode. With GC×GC, the enhanced selectivity and group type separation provides a more complete elucidation of the fatty acids in microorganisms. GC‐EI‐MS and GC‐PCI‐MS were helpful for confirmation. The bacteria selected in this study are Brevundimonas diminuta, Chryseobacterium gleum and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Construction of a new interface for comprehensive supercritical fluid chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatography (SFC×RPLC)
Authors: François Isabelle , dos Santos Pereira Alberto , Lynen Frédéric , Sandra Pat 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe design of a new interface to hyphen high efficiency supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and fast RPLC in a comprehensive configuration is described. SFC×RPLC is a viable alternative to normal phase (NP) LC×RPLC and is characterized by high orthogonality. Compared to NPLC×RPLC an additional advantage is the expansion of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) when exposed to atmospheric pressure leading to fractions consisting of solvents that are miscible with the second dimension RPLC mobile phase. The interface consists of a two‐position/ten‐port switching valve equipped with two packed octadecyl silica (C18) loops for effective trapping and focusing of the analytes after elution from the SFC dimension. The addition of a water make‐up flow to the SFC effluent prior to entering the loops is of fundamental importance to efficiently focus the solutes on the C18 material and to reduce interferences of expanded CO2 gas on the second dimension separation. The features of the system are illustrated with the analysis of a lemon oil sample.
A global sensitivity study of sulfur chemistry in a premixed methane flame model using HDMR
Authors: Ziehn T. , Tomlin A. S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe use of complex mechanisms is increasing within models describing a range of important chemical processes, including combustion. Parameters describing chemical reaction rates and thermodynamics can often be very uncertain. Highlighting the main parameters contributing to predictive uncertainty is an important part of model development. However, due to the computational cost of the models and their nonlinearity, traditional methods for sensitivity analysis are often not suitable. The high‐dimensional model representation (HDMR) method was developed to express the input–output relationship of a complex model with a high‐dimensional input space. A fully functional surrogate model can be constructed with low computational effort. First‐ and second‐order sensitivity indices can then be calculated in an automatic way, over large input parameter ranges. These provide an importance ranking for the input parameters. An extension to the existing set of HDMR tools is developed in this work, where the number of HMDR component functions can be reduced to explore large dimensional input spaces very efficiently. The HDMR tools are demonstrated for a case study of a one‐dimensional low‐pressure premixed methane flame model doped with trace sulfur and nitrogen species. Uncertainties in rate constants and thermodynamic data are considered, leading to a study of 176 input parameters. Using the new HDMR tools, the use of screening methods such as the Morris method, which aim to identify unimportant parameters beforehand, can generally be avoided. However, in certain cases, a combination of a screening method and HDMR is computationally more efficient than using HDMR alone. The final ranking of important parameters is shown to be critically dependent on the uncertainty ranges chosen due to the nonlinearity of the model. The study demonstrates that the proposed HDMR method provides a powerful tool for general application to global sensitivity analysis of complex chemical mechanisms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 742–753, 2008
Study of the Interaction of Aglycon of Daunorubicin with Human Serum Albumin by Spectroscopy and Modeling
Authors: Cui Fengling , Qin Lixia , Zhang Guisheng , Yao Xiaojun , Lei Beilei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe interaction between aglycon of daunorubicin (DNR‐A) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using fluorescence quenching and modeling. Results shown that fluorescence quenching of HSA by DNR‐A resulted from the formation of DNR‐A‐HSA complex. The quenching constants were determined via measurement of the binding affinity between DNR‐A and HSA using the Stern‐Volmer equation. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH,ΔSand the binding distancerwere calculated. Furthermore, SFS and UV spectra suggested that the complex changed the conformation of HSA and that hydrophobic interactions played a major role in DNR‐A‐HSA association, which was in good agreement with the results of the modeling study. Moreover, the SFS technique was successfully applied to determine the total proteins in biology samples with satisfactory results.magnified image
One‐Pot Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyethylenes Tethered with Pendant Acryloyl Functionalities by Chain Walking Copolymerizations
Authors: Morgan Shawn , Ye Zhibin , Zhang Kejian , Subramanian Ramesh 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChain walking copolymerization of ethylene with 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate at elevated concentrations for the synthesis of low‐viscosity hyperbranched polyethylenes tethered with a controllable amount of acryloyl functionality is reported. At concentrations much higher than the critical gelation concentrations, the diacrylate comonomer is copolymerized predominantly following the mono‐insertion pattern. A range of hyperbranched polyethylenes tethered with acryloyl functionality (1.3–4.8 mol‐%) and having low melt viscosity (ca. 25 Pa · s at 25 °C) and low glass transition temperature (Tg = −69 °C) has been synthesized. This unique method is specific to the Pd‐diimine‐catalyzed chain‐walking copolymerization system.magnified image
Synthesis of Well‐Defined Figure‐of‐Eight‐Shaped Polymers by a Combination of ATRP and Click Chemistry
Authors: Shi Gang‐Yin , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWell‐defined figure‐of‐eight‐shaped (8‐shaped) polystyrene (PS) with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersities has been prepared by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry. The synthesis involves two steps: 1) Preparation of a linear tetrafunctional PS with two azido groups, one at each end of the polymer chain, and two acetylene groups at the middle of the chain. 2) Intramolecular cyclization of the linear tetrafunctional PS at a very low concentration by a click reaction to produce the 8‐shaped polystyrenes. The resulting intermediates and the target polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and it was found that the decrease in chain mobility by cyclization resulted in higher Tgs for 8‐shaped polystyrenes as compared to their corresponding precursors.magnified image
Anxiety rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Authors: Leentjens Albert F.G. , Dujardin Kathy , Marsh Laura , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Richard Irene H. , Starkstein Sergio E. , Weintraub Daniel , Sampaio Christina , Poewe Werner , Rascol Oliver , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAnxiety syndromes are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with up to 30% suffering from panic disorder, and up to 11% from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Anxiety is associated with increased subjective motor symptoms, more severe gait problems, dyskinesias, freezing, and on/off fluctuations. Anxiety has a negative impact on health related quality of life and is strongly associated with depressive syndromes. Since a variety of anxiety scales have been used in PD patients, the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess the clinimetric properties of these scales in PD. A systematic review was conducted to identify anxiety scales that have either been validated or used in patients with PD. Six anxiety rating scales were identified. These were the Beck anxiety inventory, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the Zung self‐rating anxiety scale and anxiety status inventory, the Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory, and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. In addition, Item 5 (anxiety) of the neuropsychiatric inventory was included in the review. No scales met the criteria to be “recommended,” and all scales were classified as “suggested.” Essential clinimetric information is missing for all scales. Because several scales exist and have been used in PD, the task force recommends further studies of these instruments. If these studies show that the clinimetric properties of existing scales are inadequate, development of a new scale to assess anxiety in PD should be considered. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Development of the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale: concurrent validity, discriminant validity and retest reliability
Authors: Gonzalez Jodi M. , Bowden Charles L. , Katz Martin M. , Thompson Peter , Singh Vivek , Prihoda Thomas J. , Dahl Martha 
Published: September 2008

AbstractScales used in studies of bipolar disorder have generally been standardized with major depressive or hospitalized manic patients. A clinician rated scale based on a semi‐structured interview for persons with bipolar disorder, with comprehensive coverage of bipolar symptomatology, is needed. We report concurrent, divergent and convergent psychometric reliability, discriminant validity and relationship to a measure of overall function for a new psychometric rating instrument. A primarily outpatient sample of 224 subjects was assessed using the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS). The BISS total score and depression and mania subscales were compared to the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Clinical mood states were also compared using the BISS. The BISS scores demonstrated good concurrent validity, with estimates (Pearson correlations) ranging from 0.74 to 0.94 for YMRS and MADRS and test–retest reliability from 0.95 to 0.98. BISS concurrent validity with the GAF was significant for four clinical states, but not mixed states. The BISS discriminated primary bipolar mood states as well as subjects recovered for eight weeks compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, the BISS is a reliable and valid instrument broadly applicable in clinical research to assess the comprehensive domains of bipolar disorder. Future directions include factor analysis and sensitivity to change from treatment studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.