bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and pilot of a novel mobile application to assess clinician perception of workload and work environment
Authors: Burden Marisha , McBeth Lauren , Keniston Angela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraditional measures of workload such as wRVUs may not be adequate to understand the impact of workload on key outcomes.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a mobile application to assess, in near real time, clinicians' perception of workload and work environment.Designs, Settings and ParticipantsWe developed the GrittyWork™ application (GW App) using the Chokshi and Mann process model for user‐centered digital development. Study occured at a single academic medical center with hospitalist clinicians.Main Outcome Measures and MeasuresMeasures included the System Usability Scale (SUS), use measures from GW App, electronic health record (EHR) event log data and note counts, and qualitative interviews.ResultsFrom October 28, 2022 to November 3, 2022, six hospitalist clinicians provided feedback on the early prototype of the GW App, and from February 28, 2023 to June 8, 2023, 30 hospitalist clinicians participated in the pilot while on clinical service. All 30 clinicians (100%) participated in the pilot submitting data for a total of 122 shifts. Participants reported working 10 ± 1 h per day (mean ± SD) and were responsible for an average of 11 ± 3 patients per day. The postpilot evaluation of the GW App showed a SUS score of 86 ± 11 and a participant preference toward mobile application‐based surveys (73% of participants). Regarding workload measures, EHR event log data and notes data correlated with physician‐reported workloads. Applying user‐centered design techniques, we successfully developed a mobile application with high usability. These data can be paired with EHR event log data and outcomes to provide insights into the impact of workloads and work environments on outcomes.
Decoupling of functional and household income distribution by economic growth: new findings from analysing the three‐way growth‐equity nexus
Authors: Lee Juneyoung , Lee Keun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the three‐way relationship between economic growth and the two aspects of income distribution, namely, functional income distribution (labour income share) and household income distribution (Gini coefficient). One contribution of such three‐way analysis is to reveal the ‘decoupling’ pattern of the growth‐equity nexus, namely decoupling between functional income distribution and household income distribution, as it finds that economic growth tends to increase labour income share but worsen household income inequality, and also to confirm the reverse relationship that that higher labour income shares and household income inequality lead to a higher rate of economic growth. We show that these findings co‐exist with the traditional belief in the literature about the directly reinforcing relationship between functional and household income distribution. These findings are consistent with skilled labour compensated by performance‐based higher wages, which is often associated with a skill‐biassed technological change. The study confirms the same three‐way relationship in both developed and developing countries, but with several different determinants and different trends in the key variables. Given this nuanced trade‐off between economic growth and household income equality, coupled with no such trade‐off between growth and labour income share, a sensible policy prescription may be a combination of growth‐enhancing policy of increasing pre‐tax labour income share and a separate redistribution policy to decrease disposable household income inequality, which can mitigate income inequality without harming economic growth.
Drawing on memory: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Maddox Georgina A. , Bodner Glen E. , Christian Matthew W. , Williamson Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrawing is commonly used to facilitate event recall in eyewitness and therapeutic settings. Building on Derksen and Connolly’s (2022) review, we meta‐analytically examined how drawing affects memory relative to purely verbal methods of communication (e.g. ‘talk only’ interviews). Database searches identified 36 randomised controlled trials of the effect of drawing‐based interventions on event memory (N = 2013). Our memory outcome measures were amount and accuracy of information reported, errors and confabulations. Random‐effects analysis indicated drawing was favoured relative to verbal controls across these four outcomes. Drawing enhanced the amount (g = 0.63, p < .001) and accuracy (g = 0.29, p = .014) of information reported, but did not reduce errors (g = 0.05, p = .633) or confabulations (g = 0.22, p = .488) relative to control. The memory benefits of drawing were not moderated by age (children vs. adults), event type (autobiographical vs. live/staged vs. video), control type (visual‐active vs. verbal‐only) or task timing (immediate vs. delay). Two potential moderators could not be analysed due to the paucity of studies: event focus (trauma‐related vs. non‐trauma‐related) and drawing focus (event‐focused vs. non‐event‐focused). Our meta‐analysis indicates that drawing is a valuable facilitator of event recall relative to traditional methods of communication. However, our review also highlights the need for more trauma‐specific studies. We address and offer practical recommendations for future studies to address potential risks that may result from using drawing in applied settings.
Wireless Sensing System Based on Biodegradable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Evaluating Sports and Sleep Respiratory
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Wen Yuzhang , Xie Zhenning , Liu Bing , Sun Fengxin , An Zida , Zhong Ya , Feng Qingyang , Zhao Tianming , Mao Yupeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of the Internet of Things and wearable sensors has led to advancements in monitoring technology in the field of health. One such advancement is the development of wearable respiratory sensors, which offer a new approach to real‐time respiratory monitoring compared to traditional methods. However, the energy consumption of these sensors raises concerns about environmental pollution. To address the issue, this study proposes the use of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a sustainable energy source. The electrical conductivity of the TENG is improved by incorporating chitosan and carbon nanotubes, with the added benefit of chitosan's biodegradability reducing negative environmental impact. A wireless intelligent respiratory monitoring system (WIRMS) is then introduced, which utilizes a degradable triboelectric nanogenerator for real‐time respiratory monitoring, diagnosis, and prevention of obstructive respiratory diseases. WIRMS offers stable and highly accurate respiratory information monitoring, while enabling real‐time and nondestructive transmission of information. In addition, machine learning technology is used for sleep respiration state analysis. The potential applications of WIRMS extend to wearables, medical monitoring and sports monitoring, thereby presenting innovative ideas for modern medical and sports monitoring.
Quantifying the cooperative evolution of microphase segregation and nanostructural order in annealed polyurethanes of MDI‐BDO‐PTHF
Authors: Terban Maxwell W. , Pöselt Elmar , Malfois Marc , Schulz Armin , Schander Edgar , Abeykoon A. M. Milinda , Hinrichsen Bernd , Dinnebier Robert E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, we quantify the relationship between microphase segregation and local structure development in thermoplastic polyurethanes. Samples were prepared with varying ratios of 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) to polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) and annealed at temperatures between RT–140 °C for 20 h each. Distinct populations of smaller and larger ordered domains are distinguished by pair distribution function analysis. The intermediate‐range order of nanoscale hard domains in the paracrystalline state (form I) is directly extracted and characterized. The results suggest that form I of the MDI‐BDO:PTHF system presents a conformational and packing order similar to the form III structure, typically obtained from stretching/annealing, but with limited spatial coherence of 3–7 nm. Heating above of the hard segments is necessary to achieve a substantial structural response from the annealing treatment. Increasing promotes purification of the soft phase via microphase segregation, coalescence of the hard blocks, and growth of paracrystalline phase, while a minority fraction of longer‐range ordered domains left over from production remains relatively constant. We observe a composition‐dependent decrease in the average nearest‐neighbor distance that can be correlated with the greater number of CC, CN, and CO bonds with increased hard segment content. A non‐linear deviation in the trend is observed to correlate with sample densification. The mechanical and thermal behavior of the samples is intimately tied to the segregation state.
Sophoridine exerts anti‐arthritic effects on fibroblast‐like synoviocytes and collagen‐induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Chen Gang , Xia Yehua , Shi Xiaotian , You Qiuyi , Dou Wenwen , Zhang Yudie , Yang Xue , Mao Yuhang , Diao Li , Wang Jing , Zhou Lin , Liu Mei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe discovery of alternative medicines with fewer adverse effects is urgently needed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sophoridine (SR), the naturally occurring quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from the leguminous sophora species, has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the effect of SR on RA remains unknown. In this study, the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) rat model and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)‐induced fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) were utilized to investigate the inhibitory effect of SR on RA. The anti‐arthritic effect of SR was evaluated using the CIA rat model in vivo and TNFα‐stimulated FLSs in vitro. Mechanistically, potential therapeutic targets and pathways of SR in RA were analyzed through drug target databases and disease databases, and validation was carried out through immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. The in vivo results revealed that SR treatment effectively ameliorated synovial inflammation and bone erosion in rats with CIA. The in vitro studies showed that SR could significantly suppress the proliferation and migration in TNFα‐induced arthritic FLSs. Mechanistically, SR treatment efficiently inhibited the activation of MAPKs (JNK and p38) and NF‐κB pathways in TNFα‐induced arthritic FLSs. These findings were further substantiated by Immunohistochemistry results in the CIA rat. SR exerts an anti‐arthritic effect in CIA rats through inhibition of the pathogenic characteristic of arthritic FLSs via suppressing NF‐κB and MAPKs (JNK and p38) signaling pathways. SR may have a great potential for development as a novel therapeutic agent for RA treatment.
Water entry locomotion strategy for a stranding bionic robotic fish
Authors: Dong Huijie , Ji Zhipeng , Meng Yan , Chen Di , Qiao Tiezhu , Yu Junzhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSimilar to other underwater robots, bionic robotic fish face entrapment risks when stranded due to wave action or water level drop. In this paper, we propose a locomotion strategy for a whale shark‐inspired robotic fish, enabling it to autonomously return to aquatic environments after being stranded on land. This strategy is informed by the terrestrial locomotion capabilities of mudskippers and is particularly significant given the considerable mass of such robotic fish, which compounds the difficulty of land‐based movement. First, we introduce a lightweight YOLOv5 model‐based algorithm for deep‐water area recognition, which identifies the direction for the bionic robot fish to re‐enter the water. Subsequently, pectoral fin‐based crawling gaits are designed by the innate two degrees of freedom within the existing pectoral fin structure of the robot. These gaits empower the robotic fish to move on a multitude of terrestrial terrains. Extended field experiments have validated the effectiveness of our water recognition algorithm and locomotion strategy, confirming the ability of the whale shark‐inspired robotic fish to perform successful water entry maneuvers from the shore. Additionally, the capability to traverse various landforms are also verified. This work provides valuable insights into self‐rescue mechanisms for stranding underwater robots and promotes practical applications of bionic robotics.
Controlling Nanoparticle Distance by On‐Surface DNA‐Origami Folding
Authors: Liu Zhe , Wang Zunhao , Guckel Jannik , Akbarian Ziba , Seifert Tim J. , Park Daesung , Schlickum Uta , Stosch Rainer , Etzkorn Markus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDNA origami is a flexible platform for the precise organization of nano‐objects, enabling numerous applications from biomedicine to nano‐photonics. Its huge potential stems from its high flexibility that allows customized structures to meet specific requirements. The ability to generate diverse final structures from a common base by folding significantly enhances design variety and is regularly occurring in liquid. This study describes a novel approach that combines top‐down lithography with bottom‐up DNA origami techniques to control folding of the DNA origami with the adsorption on pre‐patterned surfaces. Using this approach, tunable plasmonic dimer nano‐arrays are fabricated on a silicon surface. This involves employing electron beam lithography to create adsorption sites on the surface and utilizing self‐organized adsorption of DNA origami functionalized with two gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The desired folding of the DNA origami helices can be controlled by the size and shape of the adsorption sites. This approach can for example be used to tune the center‐to‐center distance of the AuNPs dimers on the origami template. To demonstrate this technique's efficiency, the Raman signal of dye molecules (carboxy tetramethylrhodamine, TAMRA) coated on the AuNPs surface are investigated. These findings highlight the potential of tunable DNA origami‐based plasmonic nanostructures for many applications.
Broadband Emission Induced by Band‐Edge Carrier Reconfiguration in 2D Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Li Zhi‐Gang , Dong Xiao‐Hui , Song Hai‐Peng , Huang Shi‐Shuang , Hu Huan , Li Wei , Yu Mei‐Hui , Even Jacky , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBroadband emission in hybrid lead halide perovskites (LHPs) has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The origin of this broadband emission is primarily attributed to the interactions between electrons and phonons. Most investigations have focused on the impact of structural characteristics of LHPs on broadband emission, while neglecting the role of electronic mobility. In this work, the study investigates the electronic origins of broadband emission in a family of 2D LHPs. Through spectroscopic experiments and density functional theory calculations, the study unveils that the electronic states of the organic ligands with conjugate effect in LHPs can extend to the band edges. These band‐edge carriers are no longer localized only within the inorganic layers, leading to electronic coupling with molecular states in the barrier and giving rise to additional interactions with phonon modes, thereby resulting in broadband emission. The high‐pressure photoluminescence measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that hydrostatic pressure can induce the reconfiguration of band‐edge states of charge carriers, leading to different types of band alignment and achieving macroscopic control of carrier dynamics. The findings can provide valuable guidance for targeted synthesis of LHPs with broadband emission and corresponding design of state‐of‐the‐art optoelectronic devices.
Calling for a Humanizing Turn in Language Teacher Education: Problematizing Content and Language Instruction
Authors: Peercy Megan Madigan , Troyan Francis John , Fredricks Daisy E. , Hardy‐Skeberdis Melanie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwenty‐five years ago, Freeman and Johnson positioned language teacher education (LTE) and practice as a socially learned and sociohistorically situated activity. Although this shift substantially broadened and contextualized our understanding of educator learning and practice, further substantive work is needed in LTE to offer an equitable experience for multilingual students, through more attention to the practices that teachers and teacher educators can leverage to support humanizing pedagogies. To date, humanizing pedagogies that are oriented toward advocacy and social justice have not been deeply woven into the pedagogical content knowledge expected of ESOL teachers of multilingual students. One area that is rich for further development is how we address content and language instruction in ESOL teacher preparation and practice, arguably considered the bedrock of their content knowledge. Drawing upon the call to offer opportunities for teachers to foster humanizing approaches to teaching and learning by connecting “ways of being” with “ways of doing” (Ladson‐Billings, 2008), in this conceptual paper, we question current tenets of preparing teachers to engage in content and language instruction, and argue that we need to find ways of preparing teachers for content and language instruction that support their enactment of humanizing pedagogy.
Comment on “Modified expression for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity according to Mualem–van Genuchten to allow proper computations at low pressure heads” by M. Heinen
Authors: Batalha Marcia S. , Bezerra‐Coelho Camila R. , Pontedeiro Elizabeth M. , van Genuchten Martinus Th , Su Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis comment concerns evaluation of the Mualem–van Genuchten (MvG) unsaturated soil hydraulic functions at very low (negative) pressure heads as described recently in an important study by Heinen. He showed that below some critical pressure head, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity should be approximated by a power function, even when evaluated using double precision computations. We show that a more precise approximation is possible when the approximation is formulated in terms of effective fluid saturation (Se) rather than the pressure head, h. More general constraints are also provided when the approximated hydraulic conductivity equation should be used. The alternative formulation and constraints were implemented earlier in the SOHYP and RETC software packages.
Legislation
Authors: Münster Sander , Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Bluemel Ina , Fallavollita Federico , Foschi Riccardo , Grellert Marc , Ioannides Marinos , Jahn Peter Heinrich , Kurdiovsky Richard , Kuroczyński Piotr , Lutteroth Jan-Eric , Messemer Heike , Schelbert Georg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter is proposed to provide an overview of the different types of legal rights and legislation relating to 3D reconstruction. Since reconstructions originate from various sources and comprise intellectual work by multiple persons, they affect different levels of legal and property rights, although the specific legal situation greatly depends on national laws.
Scholarly Method
Authors: Münster Sander , Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Bluemel Ina , Fallavollita Federico , Foschi Riccardo , Grellert Marc , Ioannides Marinos , Jahn Peter Heinrich , Kurdiovsky Richard , Kuroczyński Piotr , Lutteroth Jan-Eric , Messemer Heike , Schelbert Georg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs this chapter shows, digital 3D reconstructions of historic architecture serve many purposes in research and related areas. This comprises answering research questions by creating a 3D model, preserving cultural heritage, communicating knowledge in education, and providing a structure for knowledge organization. The process of creating a 3D reconstruction is often challenging, for example, because of lacking or ambiguous sources. In order to create a 3D reconstruction based on scientific values, guidelines, and standards are needed.
Documentation
Authors: Münster Sander , Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Bluemel Ina , Fallavollita Federico , Foschi Riccardo , Grellert Marc , Ioannides Marinos , Jahn Peter Heinrich , Kurdiovsky Richard , Kuroczyński Piotr , Lutteroth Jan-Eric , Messemer Heike , Schelbert Georg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe documentation of the working steps, the decisions made in a reconstruction, the applied method, and the results form one of the cornerstones of scientific practice. Over the centuries, scientific publication established itself with fixed basic principles, such as verifiability of methods, objectivity, disclosure of sources, comprehensibility of argumentation, accessibility of results, accuracy, reliability, and uniformity [1]. In computer-aided, hypothetical 3D reconstruction of destroyed architecture, the application of the above basic principles faces an as yet unsolved challenge. The model creation process is rarely documented, and when it is, the documentation is usually not publicly available. The knowledge embedded in reconstructions, scientific interpretation, argumentation, and hypothesis, is in danger of being lost. Due to the lack of resources, diverse and rapidly developing software applications, modelling methods and types, no application-based method for documenting and publishing 3D models has been established. Three decades into the spread of computer-assisted 3D visualization in the research and mediation of cultural heritage, discussion of the question of what and how to document has intensified. The Internet as a publication venue seems to make sense to most. Web-based documentation requires technical infrastructures and services as well as defined scientific methods for comprehensible modeling and sustainable provision. The following chapter is dedicated to describing and clarifying these developments.
Framework
Authors: Barrientos Armando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the structure of the argument in the book. It introduces, develops, and applies a framework capable of explaining the emergence, structure, and dynamics of social protection institutions understood in Latin America. The central argument is that social protection institutions are a mechanism of stratification of wage earners in the economies of Latin America. The emergence of social protection institutions is explained by industrialisation. Industrialisation creates a distinct class of dependent wage earners and in doing so it sets the conditions for the emergence of social protection institutions. Once in place, the shape and dynamics of social protection institutions is best explained by their stratification effects. There are three dimensions of stratification effects that are especially relevant to understanding social protection institutions: their effects on employment, their protection effects, and their effects on the political incorporation of wage earners. The confluence of diachronic, synchronic, and analytical perspectives facilitates a theoretical understanding of social protection institutions in the region.