bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an aliphatic spacer group on the adsorption mechanism on the colloidal silver surface of L‐proline phosphonodipeptides
Authors: Podstawka Edyta , Kafarski Paweł , Proniewicz Leonard M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA comparative study of molecular structures of five L‐proline (L‐Pro) phosphonodipeptides: L‐Pro‐NH‐C(Me,Me)‐PO3H2 (P1), L‐Pro‐NH‐C(Me,iPr)‐PO3H2 (P2), L‐Pro‐L‐NH‐CH(iBu)‐PO3H2 (P3), L‐Pro‐L‐NH‐CH(PA)‐PO3H2 (P4) and L‐Pro‐L‐NH‐CH(BA)‐PO3H2 (P5) has been carried out using Raman and absorption infrared techniques of molecular spectroscopy. The interpretation of the obtained spectra has been supported by density functional theory calculations (DFT) at the B3LYP; 6–31 + + G** level using Gaussian 2003 software. The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on Ag‐sol in aqueous solutions of these phosphonopeptides has also been investigated. The surface geometry of these molecules on a silver colloidal surface has been determined by observing the position and relative intensity changes of the Pro ring, amide, phosphonate and so‐called spacer (−R) groups vibrations of the enhanced bands in their SERS spectra. Results show that P4 and P5 adsorb onto the silver as anionic molecules mainly via the amide bond (∼1630, ∼1533, ∼1248, ∼800 and ∼565 cm−1), Pro ring (∼956, ∼907 and ∼876 cm−1) and carboxylate group (∼1395 and ∼909 cm−1). Coadsorption of the imine nitrogen atom and PO group with the silver surface, possibly by formation of a weaker interaction with the metal, is also suggested by the enhancement of the bands at 1158 and 1248 cm−1. P1, P2 and P3 show two orientations of their main chain on the silver surface resulting from different interactions of the CCH3, NH and CONH fragments with this surface. Bonding to the Ag surface occurs mainly through the imino atom (1166 cm−1) for P2, while for P1 and P3 it occurs via the methyl group(s) (1194–1208 cm−1). The amide group functionality (CONH) is practically not involved in the adsorption process for P1 and P2, whereas the CsP bonds do assist in the adsorption. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ monitoring of the solution‐mediated polymorphic transformation of glycine: characterization of the polymorphs and observation of the transformation rate using Raman spectroscopy and microscopy
Authors: Yang Xia , Lu Jie , Wang Xiujuan , Ching Chi Bun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism and progression of the solution‐mediated polymorphic transformation and crystallization of glycine. The identification of the α‐ and γ‐forms of glycine crystals was performed using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman microscopy and in situ probe Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the addition of NaCl and of the process parameters such as saturation temperature, seed size and stirring speed on the transformation behavior from the metastable α‐ form to the stable γ‐ form was examined. In situ probe Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the solid‐phase properties—polymorphic composition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with a ZnSe window was used to track the liquid‐phase concentration at different times. Besides, the polymorphic transformation of glycine in the solvent was also examined in situ using a microscope with a heating/cooling stage. The integration of the different offline and in situ analytical measurement techniques greatly assisted in accurately and quantitatively perceiving the fundamental phenomena that govern the transformation process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polypropylene composites filled by magnesium hydroxide coprecipitated with foreign ions
Authors: Chen Dehong , Zhang Huaiping , Zheng Qiukai , Liu Feiyue , Xu Kai , Chen Mingcai 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRod‐like magnesium hydroxide (MH) particles were prepared via coprecipitation of the magnesium salt with foreign ions, such as copper(II), zinc(II), iron(III), and nickel(II). Flame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated using these particles. The microstructure, flame retardation, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and oxidation‐induced temperature were characterized. It was found that foreign ion compounds increased the flame retardancy. MH containing a zinc compound presented a similar performance as that of neat MH. The presence of a copper compound decreased the thermal behavior and mechanical properties of the flame retardant composite, while iron and nickel compounds brought some improvements. In addition, the thermal degradation mechanisms of the flame retardant composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at different temperatures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PATIKAmad: Putting microarray data into pathway context
Authors: Babur Ozgun , Colak Recep , Demir Emek , Dogrusoz Ugur 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHigh‐throughput experiments, most significantly DNA microarrays, provide us with system‐scale profiles. Connecting these data with existing biological networks poses a formidable challenge to uncover facts about a cell's proteome. Studies and tools with this purpose are limited to networks with simple structure, such as protein–protein interaction graphs, or do not go much beyond than simply displaying values on the network. We have built a microarray data analysis tool, named PATIKAmad, which can be used to associate microarray data with the pathway models in mechanistic detail, and provides facilities for visualization, clustering, querying, and navigation of biological graphs related with loaded microarray experiments. PATIKAmad is freely available to noncommercial users as a new module of PATIKAweb at http://web.patika.org.
DigesTip: A new device for a rapid and efficient in‐solution protein digestion
Authors: Marangoni Roberto , Chiarini Riccardo , Iannone Giorgio , Salerno Massimiliano 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDigesTip is a new device for in‐solution protein digestion, based on a patent pending technology, able to immobilize enzymes (trypsin, in this case) on a solid surface, keeping their activity preserved. DigesTip is a standard pipette tip, usable both by human and by robots. Its main performances are: very short digestion time (1 min) and usability with low protein sample concentrations (5 μg/mL). DigesTip obtains a clear signal in MS measurements and its usage rules out several preparative steps.
The HUPO Brain Proteome Project Wish List – Summary of the 9th HUPO BPP Workshop 9–10 January 2008, Barbados
Authors: Hamacher Michael , Eisenacher Martin , Tribl Florian , Stephan Christian , Marcus Katrin , Hardt Tanja , Wiltfang Jens , Martens Lennart , Desiderio Dominic , Gutstein Howard , Park Young Mok , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Human Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP) aims at advancing knowledge and the understanding of neurodiseases and aging with the purpose of identifying prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, as well as to push new diagnostic approaches and medications. The participating groups meet in semi‐annual workshops to discuss the progress, as well as the needs, within the field of proteomics. The 9th HUPO BPP workshop took place in Barbados from 9–10 January, 2008. Discussing the future HUPO BPP Roadmap, the attendees drafted the so called HUPO BPP wish list containing timelines, suggestions and missions. This wish list will be updated regularly and will serve as a guideline for the next phase.
Hormonal regulation of β2‐adrenergic receptor level in prostate cancer
Authors: Ramberg Håkon , Eide Turid , Krobert Kurt Allen , Levy Finn Olav , Dizeyi Nishtman , Bjartell Anders S , Abrahamsson Per‐Anders , Taskén Kristin Austlid 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen deprivation is the only effective systemic therapy available for patients with prostatic carcinoma, but is associated with a gradual transition to a hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRCAP) in which ligand‐independent activation of the androgen receptor has been implicated. The β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) is a well‐known activator of the androgen receptor.METHODSProstatic cell lines were analyzed using cDNA micro‐array, real time RT‐PCR, radioligand binding assay, cAMP measurements, transfection and thymidine incorporation assay. Clinical specimens were studied by immunohistochemistry and Affymetrix microarrays.RESULTSHere, we show that β2‐AR was transiently down‐regulated both at mRNA‐ and protein levels when hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, were cultured in steroid stripped medium (charcoal‐stripped fetal calf serum) or when the cells were treated with the anti‐androgen, bicalutamide (Casodex). The number of β‐adrenergic receptors was modestly up‐regulated in androgen independent cell lines (LNCaP‐C4, LNCaP‐C4‐2 and DU145) compared to LNCaP. Triiodothyronine (T3) increased the level of β2‐AR and the effect of T3 was inhibited by bicalutamide. Immunohistochemical staining of human prostate specimens showed high expression of β2‐AR in glandular, epithelial cells and increased expression in malignant cells compared to benign hyperplasia and normal tissue. Interestingly, β2‐AR mRNA was strongly down‐regulated by androgen ablation therapy of prostate cancer patients.CONCLUSIONThe level of β2‐AR was increased by T3 in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells and reduced in prostate cancer patients who had received androgen ablation therapy for 3 months. Prostate 68:1133–1142, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strong enhancement of emissions from nanostructured ZnO thin films grown by plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy on nanopored Si(001) substrates
Authors: Choi Jun‐Ho , Han Seok Kyu , Hong Soon‐Ku , Song Jung‐Hoon , Jeong Se Young , Cho You Suk , Kim Dojin , Nam Yoon Sung , Baek Kyung‐Seon , Chang Soo‐Kyung , Yao Takafumi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNanostructured ZnO films were fabricated on nanopored Si(001) surfaces through reactive ion etching and plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy techniques. Nanowall‐like nanostructures were formed on the ZnO film surfaces depending on the thickness of the ZnO films. Significant enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity up to 15 fold was observed from the nanostructured ZnO films. We found that the emission properties of the film changed very sensitively with the nanostructure on the surface and the enhancement is closely related to the formations of nanostructures on the surface of the ZnO films, not at the interface between the films and the substrate. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of dendrimer–carbon nanotube conjugates
Authors: García A. , Herrero M. A. , Frein S. , Deschenaux R. , Muñoz R. , Bustero I. , Toma F. , Prato M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe describe the coupling between Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and a second‐generation cyanophenyl‐based dendrimer. The goal of our work is the synthesis of highly functionalized CNTs without provoking damage to the conjugated π‐system. One approach is the attachment of dendrimers with a high density of functional groups to the CNTs. These groups serve as anchor points for further reactions. With this aim, we have carried out a primary modification on CNTs by the use of 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction. We have employed Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) as well as Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) obtaining 238 μmol and 511 μmol of pyrrolidine groups per gram, respectively. The amount of amino groups introduced in the system was measured by the Kaiser test as well as thermogravimetric analyses. As a second step, dendrimer incorporation was performed by carbodiimide chemistry. Thermogravimetric Analysis, Raman Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy characterization techniques are reported for the characterization of the final CNT–dendrimer conjugate.The results show that the dendrimer has been attached covalently to the previously generated amine groups. Morphologically, the attached dendrimer with an estimated theoretical molecular length of 6.4 nm, generates a wrapping of 8 nm thick around the CNTs walls. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lupin protein concentrates by extraction with aqueous alcohols
Authors: Blaicher F. M. , Nolte R. , Mukherjee K. D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn order to remove the toxic quinolizidine alkaloids and other nonprotein constituents, hexane‐defatted flakes of lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) were extracted under various conditions with ethanol, methanol or their aqueous solutions. Lupin protein concentrates containing more than 70% protein and 0.1–0.2% alkaloids were obtained in high yields by consecutive extractions, countercurrent extraction or semicountercurrent extraction of the defatted lupin flakes with either 80% ethanol or 80% methanol.
Studies of chemical methods for assessing oxidative quality and storage stability of feeding oils
Authors: Hung S. S. O. , Slinger S. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPeroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid number (TBA), anisidine value (AV), percent free fatty acids (FFA), and carbonyl value (CV) methods were compared in different experiments for their sensitivity and practicality in assessing the oxidative quality of four feeding oils: salmon oil, soybean oil, canola oil (oil from low erucic acid, low glucosinolate rapeseed), and canola soap stocks. In the first experiment, among the four methods (PV, AV, TBA and FFA) studied, PV appeared to be the most practical for its sensitivity, simplicity, and economy when the four oils were oxidized by bubbling air through at room temperature for 792 hr. In the second experiment, using herring oil, all four methods tested (PV, AV, TBA and FFA) were sufficiently sensitive once the oxidation of herring oil had passed the induction period and the oil was highly oxidized. In the third experiment, of the four methods (PV, AV, TBA and CV) compared, AV was the most sensitive for measuring the oxidative quality of canola oil aerated at 100 C for 240 hr. Results of further studies suggested that herring and canola oils stored under commercial conditions were stable for at least one year.
Alteration of phenolic antioxidants in heated vegetable oil
Authors: Lin F. S. , Warner C. R. , Fazio T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractStudies were conducted to follow the fate of antioxidants in heated vegetable oil at temperatures approximating those of frying conditions. Samples of vegetable oils spiked with 0.02% [14C] BHA or 0.02% [14C] TBHQ were heated at ca. 180–190 C for 4.5 hr. It was found that 24 and 48% of the radioactivity added as BHA and TBHQ, respectively, remained in the oils. Normal‐phase HPLC analyses revealed that 55% of the radiolabel in the heated BHA‐oil and 95% in the heated TBHQ‐oil were not eluted as parent substances. The as‐yet unidentified alteration products in the heated oil appear to be less polar than the added antioxidants.
Production and use of natural antioxidants
Authors: Bracco U. , Löliger J. , Viret J. ‐L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe have developed a new industrial process for obtaining natural antioxidants from spices and other vegetables by primarily adapting mechanical and physical treatments. Rosemary, sage, paprika, nutmeg and cocoa shells have been submitted to a mechanical treatment (micronization), and the finely powdered material was extracted with an edible vegetable oil, i.e., groundnut. The antioxidant dissolved in the lipid phase was collected by two‐stage falling film molecular distillation to separate the lipid phase to be recycled) from the active, low molecular weight fraction. Antioxidant activity was measured for fats, oils and fat‐containing foods by oxygen absorption, head‐space analysis (i.e., pentane) extent of secondary degradation products and organoleptic evaluations. Results obtained indicate that molecular distillates from spices, i.e., rosemary derivatives, effectively protect foods against oxidative rancidity.
Detection of adulteration of olive oil with seed oils by a combination of column and gas liquid chromatography
Authors: Kapoulas V. M. , Passaloglou‐Emmanouilidou S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSamples of virgin olive oil and refined seed oils, as well as mixtures of olive oil with 10 and 5% seed oils were fractionated by column chromatography on silicic acid impregnated with ammoniacal silver nitrate. It was possible to isolate a characteristic fraction enriched in polyunsaturated triglycerides. Its linoleic acid content in pure olive oil never exceeds 9.3%, whereas in pure seed oils, it varies between 38.1 and 70.1%; in mixtures of olive oil with 10 and 5% of seed oils, the respective values are 22.3–38.2% and 15.6–32.1%. The oleic‐to‐linoleic acid ratios of the same fraction are more than 7.6 (olive oil), 0.2–0.8 (seed oils), 1.1–2.0 (olive oil with 10% seed oils) and 1.4–3.6 (olive oil with 5% seed oils). These analytical values may be used as a safe criterion for the eventual adulteration of olive oil with seed oils.
Effect of planting date on sunflower seed oil content, fatty acid composition and yield in Florida
Authors: Robertson J. A. , Green V. E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPlantings of sunflower,Heliantbus annuus L., were made 5 times between Feb. 2 and Nov. 15 in Florida so that the effect of planting date on the fatty acid composition of sunflower oil might be assessed. Eleven popular hybrids were planted at Gainesville, FL, on Feb. 2 and 28, April 2, and Aug. 14, and 15 hybrids were planted at Lake Worth, FL, on Nov. 15. Sunflower planted on Nov. 15 would be subjected to freezing temperatures if grown in Gainesville. Yields of sunflower achenes for the four planting dates at Gainesville declined with lateness of planting date. Oleic acid content of the oil (17.6–58.4%) was intermediate for the February plantings, highest for the April planting, and lowest for the late plantings. The linoleic acid content (32.5–71.0%) varied inversely with the oleic acid content. Because sunflower oil is needed for different purposes, such as for salad oil, for deep frying and for making margarines, oil low in linoleic acid (high in oleic acid) as well as oil high in linoleic acid (low in oleic acid) are needed. In Florida, adjusting the planting dates should result in the production of oil of the desired fatty acid composition.
Heterogeneity within commercial contract analysis samples of shea‐nut kernels
Authors: Kershaw S. J. , Hardwick E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractShea‐nuts are a commercial oilseed crop with relatively large mean kernel weight. Results are presented to demonstrate that the individual kernels making up single contractual samples are heterogeneous in their individual analyses for oil, free fatty acids in oil and moisture contents. These results are discussed and an effective technique giving reproducible results is described.
Chemical studies on corn embryos infected by various fungi
Authors: Farag R. S. , Youssef A. M. , Sabet K. A. , Fahim M. M. , Khalil F. A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe occurrence of various fungi in corn kernels obtained from eight localities in Egypt in two successive years was studied. Values for refractive index, color, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value and unsaponifiable matter content of oils extracted from corn embryos that were deliberately infected by various fungi were compared to those for oil extracted from healthy embryos. Spectrometric analyses (UV, visible and IR) were done to deduce differences in the functional groups of the oils. Corn oil extracted from embryos infected with various fungi contained the same lipid classes as the oil extracted from healthy embryos. Contents of mono‐ and diglycerides and free fatty acids were much smaller for the oil extracted from healthy embryos. The fatty acid and unsaponifiable compositions of oils were studied by gas liquid chromatography. The fatty acid composition of corn oil extracted from infected embryos showed that some new and short‐chain fatty acids had appeared and that some of the 18:2 was converted to 18:0. Analysis of the hydrocarbon fraction of the unsaponifiables showed also that some new compounds had appeared and others disappeared. The sterols were greatly influenced by the fungi and the ratio between different sterols might be used to characterize the effect of fungi. Aflatoxin B1 content of oil extracted from corn embryos infected byA. flavus was 300 µg/kg.
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐mediated rat alveolar macrophage activation in vitro by antiflammin‐1
Authors: Han Jianzhong , Li Chen , Liu Huijun , Fen Dandan , Hu Wanxiang , Liu Yong , Guan Chaxiang , Luo Zi‐qiang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAntiflammin‐1 (AF‐1) is a synthetic nonapeptide with a similar sequence to the conserved sequence of CC10 secreted by lung Clara cells. Studies suggest that it is potent inhibitor of inflammation. We investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of AF‐1 on LPS‐induced alveolar macrophage (AM) activation in vitro. AMs harvested from the BALF of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat were treated with various concentrations of AF‐1 both simultaneously and after LPS stimulation. The concentrations of the cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10 in the supernatant were detected by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression levels of these cytokines in AMs were analyzed using quantitative RT‐PCR. To investigate more fully the possible mechanisms by which AF‐1 modulates the expression of cytokines, cells were pretreated with anti‐IL‐10 antibody. Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4) expression on the cell surface was also detected using flow cytometry. The results showed that AF‐1 suppressed mRNA expression and protein production of IL‐1β and IL‐6, while it promoted IL‐10 expression in LPS‐stimulated AMs, in a dose‐dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AF‐1 on IL‐1β were significantly decreased when endogenous production of IL‐10 was blocked. AF‐1 also showed an effect on downregulated TLR‐4 expression in LPS‐stimulated AMs. The data show for the first time that AF‐1 modulates the AM response to LPS by regulating TLR‐4 expression and upregulating IL‐10 secretion, which could be another important mechanism in the AF‐1 inhibiting effect on inflammation.
Equity and fixed income markets as drivers of securitised real estate
Authors: Cheong Chee Seng , Gerlach Richard , Stevenson Simon , Wilson Patrick J. , Zurbruegg Ralf 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper re‐examines the sensitivity and importance of interest rates and stock market price behavior on securitised property by decomposing their long‐run impact between transient and permanent effects. This is achieved in a framework that accounts for endogenously determined structural breaks within the data. The results provide a different perspective on the relationship securitised property has with these markets and sheds new light on their long‐run interaction. Once structural breaks are accounted for the results show that securitised property is driven by both interest rate and stock market changes, regardless of the type of securitised property being examined. Evidence also points to companies with increased debt‐to‐asset ratios and companies that are tax‐exempt entities are still all influenced by both the equity and fixed income markets over the long‐run period, although the influence these factors have do vary across time.
Miracles, physicalism, and the laws of nature
Authors: LARMER ROBERT A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn his paper ‘Miracles: metaphysics, physics, and physicalism’,1Kirk McDermid appears to have two primary goals. The first is to demonstrate that my account of how God might produce a miracle without violating any laws of nature is radically flawed. The second is to suggest two alternative accounts, one suitable for a deterministic world, one suitable for an indeterministic world, which allow for the occurrence of a miracle without violation of the laws of nature, yet do not suffer from the defects of what McDermid terms the ‘Larmerian’ model. I briefly describe my model, reply to McDermid's criticism of it, and evaluate his alternative accounts.