bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of cellular retinol‐binding protein in human hepatocellular and colorectal carcinomas by radioimmunoassay
Authors: OKUNO MASATAKA , KATO MICHIMASA , KANAI MASAMITSU , MUTO YASUTOSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the tissue levels of cellular retinol‐binding protein (CRBP), serum retinol‐binding protein (RBP) and retinoids in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in colorectal adenocarcinoma. CRBP, which has a molecular weight of 14 900 daltons and an isoelectric point of 4.9, was purified from human liver. An antihuman CRBP antibody was raised in the turkey and further purified by immunosorbent affinity chromatography on CRBP‐coupled Sepharose column. A radioimmunoassay for CRBP using this antibody was established. RBP was measured by an enzyme immunoassay and retinoids were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Retinol levels in liver tumours were significantly decreased compared with those in respective non‐cancerous adjacent tissues. Retinyl ester levels in liver tumours were also significantly decreased compared with those in the adjacent tissues. CRBP levels in liver tumours were significantly decreased compared with those in the adjacent tissues, whereas no significant difference was observed in the CRBP level between the colon tumours and adjacent colon tissues. RBP levels in liver tumours were also significantly decreased compared with those in the adjacent tissues. The decreased CRBP levels in liver tumours may, at least in part, account for the local deficiency of retinol in HCC, whereas colon tumours may grow independently, regardless of retinol status.
Changes of serum aminotransferase activities in relation to serum hepatitis Be antigen levels in chronic type B hepatitis
Authors: KURAI KIYOHIKO , IINO SHIRO , KOIKE KAZUHIKO , ENDO YASUO , OKA HIROSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the level of serum hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) during hepatitis B virus carriage and its clinical significance. The mean level of serum HBeAg, quantitated by solid‐phase enzyme immunoassay, was 5924 units in asymptomatic carriers (s.d. = 5534, n= 100), 3044 units in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (s.d. = 4826, n= 34), 3599 units in chronic active hepatitis (s.d. = 4953, n= 45) 1348 units in liver cirrhosis (s.d. = 2379, n= 25) and 766 units in hepatocellular carcinoma (s.d. = 1257, n= 18). In the 10 HBeAg‐positive patients with chronic active hepatitis, the fluctuation in HBeAg level was followed by changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Among the 36 peaks of HBeAg and ALT, HBeAg peaks preceded ALT peaks in 22 and simultaneous peaks were present in 14. The changes of HBeAg level were closely related to increase in disease activity as estimated by ALT activities; therefore, HBeAg quantitation can be a useful predictor of disease activity in chronic hepatitis B.
Discriminant factors of gastric ulcer healing by colloidal bismuth
Authors: KOO JARLEY , LAM SHIU‐KUM 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne hundred and twelve patients with 49 corpus and 35 prepyloric gastric ulcers and 28 duodenal ulcers associated with gastric ulcers were entered into a stratified, controlled double‐blind randomized study comparing the healing efficacy of colloidal bismuth suspension with placebo. Healing of corpus and prepyloric ulcers, but not duodenal‐ulcer associated gastric ulcers, was significantly better with the bismuth compound than with placebo. The clinical, personal, ulcer and acid secretory data of these patients were prospectively collected and evaluated by stepwise discriminant analysis in two phases. In the first phase, the collected data of 91 consecutive patients were entered into computer analysis. The derived discriminant function classified patients into healed and unhealed categories with a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 77%, positive diagnostic value of 73%, negative diagnostic value of 85% and diagnostic efficiency of 79%. In phase two, the discriminant function from phase 1 was applied prospectively to 21 patients to predict the outcome of treatment. Five out of five healed and 11/16 unhealed gastric ulcers were correctly predicted, giving a diagnostic efficiency of 76%. The present study shows that healing or non‐healing of gastric ulcer can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by discriminant analysis. In addition, discriminant analysis identified, aside from the efficacious drug, ulcer size, young age, co‐existing duodenal ulcer, and concomitant medical condition as adverse factors for gastric ulcer healing.
Reduced natural killer cell activity in gluten‐sensitive enteropathy
Authors: DREW P. A. , HETZEL P. A. S. , SMITH J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere is an increased risk of malignancy—particularly of lymphoma—associated with coeliac disease. Because natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in immune surveillance against tumours, the activity of NK cells was studied in patients with coeliac disease who were being treated with a gluten‐free diet. The 18 patients had a median age of 39 years (range: 13–75) and had been on the gluten‐free diet for a median of 4 years (1 week‐18 years). The NK cell activity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assayed by measuring the 51Cr release from labelled K562 cells. The specific cytotoxicity of the cells from the patients were significantly lower than controls at effector: target cell ratios of 100: 1, 50: 1 and 25: 1. The experimental data were fitted to a mathematical model which described the relationship between effector: target cell ratio and specific cytotoxicity. Comparison showed that the maximum NK cytotoxicity by cells from treated patients was significantly less than from controls, and that the cytotoxicity was reduced over the whole range of effector: target cell ratios.
The effects of a prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, on gastric mucosal blood volume index and haemoglobin oxygenation in humans
Authors: SATO NOBUHIRO , KAWANO SUNAO , FUKUDA MASUKI , KAMADA TAKENOBU 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA double‐blind placebo‐controlled parallel design study was conducted in 12 healthy male volunteers to examine the effects of misoprostol, a newly synthesized prostaglandin E1 analogue, on gastric mucosal haemodynamics in human. The indices of mucosal blood volume (expressed as ΔEr) and mucosal blood haemoglobin oxygenation (Hb‐SO2) were measured at 20 locations in the stomach prior to and after administration of misoprostol or its placebo using reflectance spectrophotometry during endoscopy. It was found that after misoprostol administration, mucosal blood volume was increased by approximately 10–25% throughout the stomach without any significant change in mucosal blood Hb‐SO2. Administration of placebo produced no significant change in these parameters. The results suggest that misoprostol has the potential to accelerate healing of gastric ulcers by increasing the gastric mucosal blood volume and oxygenation in addition to its gastric acid antisecretory activity.
Intrahepatic expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and its follow‐up
Authors: KIYOSAWA KENDO , YAMAMURA NOBUYOSHI , SODEYAMA TAKESHI , YODA HIDETOSHI , IMAI YASUHARU , IMAI HARUHIKO , FRANCA SUENIA M.T. , FURUTA SEIICHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntrahepatic expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was investigated in 46 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers by a direct immuno‐fluorescent method. In 21 HBeAg positive carriers, HBsAg was expressed diffusely on the membrane of hepatocytes, with associated cytoplasmic localization in a few scattered hepato‐cytes. HBcAg was expressed in the nucleus of many hepatocytes and in the cytoplasm of a few scattered hepatocytes, but not on the cell membrane. In 25 anti‐HBe positive carriers, HBsAg was expressed on the surface and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes diffusely and/or focally, but neither intrahepatic HBcAg nor serum HBV‐DNA was detected. Repeat liver biopsies were performed in 17 patients. In eight of 13 HBeAg‐positive HBsAg carriers, who developed histologically proven chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the localization of HBsAg in liver had changed from a membranous to a mixed (membrane and cytoplasm) pattern, and localization of HBcAg in liver had changed from a predominantly nuclear to a predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic pattern. However, in two HBeAg and two anti‐HBe positive cases who showed no biochemical and histologic change at follow‐up, the intrahepatic expressions of HBsAg and HBcAg in the second biopsies remained unchanged. Thus, decrease in membranous expression of HBsAg and increase in membranous and cytoplasmic expression of HBcAg were associated with progression to chronic liver disease. This suggests that membranous HBcAg may represent the major target in the process of injury to hepatocytes.
Lactose malabsorption in Central Australian Aboriginal children hospitalized with acute enteritis
Authors: EDGELEY GRAEME R. , DAVIDSON GEOFFREY P. , GOODWIN DEBORAH A. , RINGENBERGS MARGARETE L. , ERLICH JOHN , ROBB TREVOR A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe prevalence and duration of lactose malabsorption was studied in 64 Central Australian Aboriginal children requiring hospitalization for acute enteritis. Lactose malabsorption was determined by the breath‐hydrogen test. Sixty‐nine per cent were shown to malabsorb lactose, a figure similar to that for well nourished urban European children, hospitalized for acute enteritis. Whereas 90 per cent of the European children became lactose‐tolerant 1 month later, only three of 32 aboriginal children were lactose‐tolerant after 3 months. Lactose malabsorption was also associated with more frequent hospitalizations in affected children.Coronavirus‐like particles were the commonest agent isolated from Aboriginal children. The majority of the Aboriginal children were malnourished (< 80% standard weight for age) which may have been contributed to by their lactose malabsorption and explain why this failed to recover in the same way as European children. The possibility of lactose malabsorption must be taken into consideration when managing Aboriginal children with acute diarrhoeal disease and undernutrition. The use of the breath‐hydrogen test allows an accurate diagnosis of lactose malabsorption to be made in Aboriginal children with diarrhoea so that appropriate dietary management can be instituted.
The diagnosis of mass lesions in the pancreas by fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: HEWETT P. J. , LANGLOIS S. LEP. , ORELL S. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFifty‐eight cases of pancreatic mass lesions investigated by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are reported. Biopsies were performed either at laparotomy or percutaneously using ultrasound or computer to mography scanning as a guide. Twenty‐seven biopsies were reported as consistent with or highly suspicious of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; five with metastatic carcinoma, one with lymphoma and two with islet cell tumours. Nineteen patients had negative biopsies. The false‐negative rate was 11% and four biopsies were unsatisfactory. There were no false‐positive diagnoses. FNAB is an effective way to obtain cytological confirmation of a pancreatic mass lesion.
The localization of the site(s) of neurotensin release in man and dog
Authors: EAVES E. R. , KORMAN M. G. , MERCURI J. , WARD F. , HANSKY J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe major source of neurotensin in the gut is the ‘N’ cell and this is found in the highest density in the ileum. The ingestion of food, particularly fat, causes the biphasic release of neurotensin‐like immunoreactivity (NTLI) into the circulation. The early peak occurs sooner than expected if it is due to the presence of chyme in the ileum, suggesting that the early release of neurotensin is due to a more proximal concentration of N cells or that neurotensin is released from the ileum by a more proximal stimulus. This paper investigates the site(s) of neurotensin release by studying: three groups of patients with various resections of the small intestine and the fashioning of duodenostomies, jejunostomies and ileostomies; and the dog with chronic gastric, duodenal and ileal fistulae, and following ileal resection. The results indicate that the jejunum and ileum are critical in the release of neurotensin following fat stimulation and that the stomach and duodenum have no direct role. The stimulation of the jejunum by fat causes the early rise of plasma NTLI by releasing neurotensin from the ileum. If chyme is prevented from passing to the distal jejunum the magnitude of the early peak is diminished and the second, later, peak is abolished. The second peak of plasma NTLI is due to the direct luminal stimulation of the distal jejunum and ileum by the products of fat digestion. Ileal resection completely abolishes any release of plasma NTLI in response to fat. It was concluded that the source of neurotensin released by the ingestion of food is the ileum. The release of neurotensin from the distal gut is dependent upon a signal from the proximal to the distal gut. The identity of the signal is unknown, but it is either neural or humoral and previous studies suggest a cholinergic‐dependent reflex.
The microscopic distribution of 99mTc‐labelled phagocytes in resected bowel in patients with acute Crohn's disease: correlation with histological changes
Authors: BARTHOLOMEUSZ F. D. L. , DURBRIDGE T. C. , DREW P. , SHEARMAN D. J. C. , ROWLAND R. , HETZEL D. , CHATTERTON B. , BAKER R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAbdominal scintiscans performed after the injection of autologous phagocytes labelled with 99mTc‐stannous colloid particles provide an accurate assessment of the extent of disease in active inflammatory bowel disease. To study the correlation between phagocyte accumulation and histological indices of the degree of inflammation within bowel wall, the distribution of radiolabel within five freshly resected specimens of ileum and one of colon was assessed in five patients with active Crohn's disease. Each patient was injected with autologous 99mTc‐labelled phagocytes prior to surgery. Multiple tissue samples (blocks) were taken along the length of the fresh resected specimen of bowel. The radioactive count of each block was obtained and they were then studied independently by two histopathologists who graded 12 histological features according to predefined criteria. High counts correlated with ulceration and submucosal mononuclear aggregates (P < 0.05). Very low counts were obtained in mesentery and non‐ulcerated bowel. This study confirms the selective accumulation of 99mTc‐labelled phagocytes within areas of ulcerated bowel in patients with active Crohn's disease.
Aqueous or emulsified diazepam in upper endoscopy: A randomized trial
Authors: CHUNG S.C.S. , LEUNG J.W.C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA randomized comparison between diazepam in aqueous form and in fatty emulsion was performed in Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. One hundred and eighty‐four patients completed the study. The sedative effect is similar with both preparations. Aqueous diazepam caused significantly more pain on injection (75%) and more late venous complication (41%) than the emulsified form (13% and 9% respectively). Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis frequently extended beyond the site of injection. Diazepam in emulsion form caused significantly less venous complications and is therefore superior to the aqueous form for intravenous use.
Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen by a monoclonal radioimmunoassay in the serum of alcoholic patients
Authors: POYNARD THIERRY , MARCELLIN PATRICK , WANDS JACK , NAVEAU SYLVIE , DUBREUIL PASCAL , PILLOT JACQUES , CHAPUT JEAN‐CLAUDE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe presence of HBV infection has been retrospectively assessed using monoclonal radioimmunoassay (M‐RIA) in the sera of 269 alcoholics. There were three subjects with normal liver, 92 had steatosis, 32 had fibrosis, 15 had acute alcoholic steatosis and 127 had cirrhosis. The HBsAg M‐RIA was performed by the sandwich method using high affinity IgG and IgM monoclonal antibodies. The M‐RIA was more sensitive for detection of HBV when compared with conventional RIA, the former detecting 15 out of 269, the latter detecting five out of 269 (5.6% and 1.9% respectively; P= 0.02). Among the 264 patients negative for conventional RIA, the prevalence of a positive M‐RIA test was no different between patients who lacked HBV related antibodies (seven out of 196; 3.6%) compared with patients with at least one antibody (three out of 68; 4.4%). The prevalence of HBsAg detected by M‐RIA was higher in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis (9.4%) compared with patients without cirrhosis (2.1%; P < 0.01). These results suggest that all alcoholic patients could have a low production, or an abnormal expression, of HBV or could be infected by an hepatitis B variant virus. HBV or an hepatitis B variant virus could have in some cases a causative role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis.
Auto‐immune hepatitis: Lifting the seventh veil
Authors: MACKAY IAN R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractKnowledge of auto‐immune chronic active hepatitis (AI‐CAH) has developed since the 1940s. Using the analogy of the seven veils, the lifting of the first six could be represented by the finding of: hypergammaglobulinaemia; recognition of the clinical syndrome; the hepatic histopathology; the auto‐immune serological markers; the response to corticosteroid/immuno‐suppressive drugs; and the immunogenetic association with HLA B8; DR3. The lifting of the seventh veil, the ultimate understanding of AI‐CAH, will require the following: consensus on criteria for specifying auto‐immune hepatitis as an entity; identification of a liver‐specific auto‐antigen (or hepatocellular neo‐antigen) as target of the immune attack; the nature of the immune effector process which causes hepatocellular destruction; the basis of the deranged immunoregulatory processes expressed as decreased immune suppressor activity; and processes by which ‘anti‐immune’ drugs exert their ameliorative effects. Auto‐immune hepatitis is not unique in the paucity of data on these questions.
Short communication: Fulminant hepatitis induced by cimetidine
Authors: KIMURA HIROSHI , AKAMATSU KOUICHI , SAKAUE HIROSHI , NOGAWA MASANORI , OHTA YASUYUKI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread use of cimetidine, there have been only few reports of cimetidine‐induced severe liver damage. This is an account of a 44 year old woman who developed, after a year of daily administration of cimetidine, fulminant hepatitis which was confirmed by unintentional rechallenge.
Sucralfate protection against ethanol‐induced injury of rat gastric mucosa in vitro and in vivo
Authors: SEWELL R. B. , KIM D. , YEOMANS N. D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA number of mechanisms for sucralfate protection of gastric mucosa during ulcer healing and protection from experimental injury have been proposed. One currently held postulate that sucralfate acts by inhibiting acid/pepsin attack and creating, at acid pH, a barrier to diffusion of hydrogen ions was tested. The experiments took advantage of a cultured rat antral mucosal model in which ethanol injury is assessed by release of radiolabel from 51chromiumloaded mucosa. In this model, with mucosa cultured in the absence of pepsin activity at a neutral pH, sucralfate conferred marked protection; specific 51chromium release fell from 12.4% (s.e.m. = 0.7) in controls to 8.9% (s.e.m. = 0.9) at 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05) and 3.4% (s.e.m. = 0.5) at 2.0 mg/ml (P < 0.001) of sucralfate and was abolished at 10 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with sucralfate in vivo also protected the mucosa against subsequent ethanol challenge in the cultured mucosal model, control 12.3% (s.e.m. = 1.9) versus sucralfate pretreatment 6.9% (s.e.m. = 0.7) (P < 0.02). Using computer‐assisted macroscopic assessment of mucosal damage after ethanol dosage by gavage, it was further demonstrated that sucralfate protection in vivo is dose‐dependent and prolonged, lasting for at least 5 h at a dose of 200 mg/kg. It is concluded that sucralfate‐induced protection of the gastric mucosa is long‐lasting and can occur via mechanisms other than minimization of acid/peptic attack.
Identification of calcium‐dependent, phospholipid‐ and calmodulin‐activated protein kinases in rat small intestinal epithelium
Authors: WARHURST GEOFFREY , SMITH GEOFFREY S. , TONGE ANNE , LEES MARTIN , TURNBERG LESLIE A. 
Published: March 2008

The mechanisms by which increases in cytosolic calcium promote ion‐secretion in the intestinal epithelium may involve the phosphorylation of key transport proteins in the microvillus membrane. Using both direct and indirect methods evidence has been provided for two distinct calcium‐regulated protein kinase activities in rat small intestinal epithelium — one activated by phosphatidylserine (C‐kinase), the other by calmodulin (CDR‐kinase).C‐kinase activity was identified in cytosolic and particulate fractions including purified brush border membranes using a specific histone substrate. In the presence of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol, calcium markedly stimulated enzyme activity, half‐maximal effects occurring at 2.8X10‐7 mol/1 free calcium. Phorbol esters, known activators of C‐kinase, were also shown to stimulate the phosphorylation of an endogenous peptide (Mr = 94 000) in cell homogenates.The addition of exogenous calmodulin (10–100 μg/ml) stimulated a 50–75% increase in the labelling of peptide (Mr = 50 000–55 000). Trifluoperazine (0.1–10 μmol/l) inhibited basal phosphorylation of this and other peptides suggesting the likely involvement of a protein kinase activated by endogenous levels of calmodulin. Cytosolic fractions were also able to phosphorylate purified myosin light chains, a known substrate for CDR‐kinase, in the presence of submicromolar concentrations of free calcium (ED50= 2.4X10‐7 mol/l) although no direct stimulation of this activity by calmodulin could be demonstrated. MLC‐phosphorylated activity was not identified in particulate fractions.
Effect of diet on the clinical course and repair of the small bowel mucosa in infantile gastroenteritis
Authors: IYNGKARAN N. , YADAV M. , BOEY C.G. , MENG L.L. , PUTHUCHEARY S.D. , LAM K.L. 
Published: March 2008

The effect of cow milk protein (CMP), soy protein (SP) and protein hydrolysate formula (PHF), on clinical and mucosal recovery was studied in 26 infants with acute gastroenteritis associated with acquired carbohydrate intolerance.Following rehydration the infants were regraded onto cows' milk. Of seven infants intolerant to the CMP six did not tolerate lactose‐free CMP and SP but thrived on PHF; the other infant was intolerant to lactose‐free CMP but accepted the SP. Of another 12 infants intolerant to CMP, eight tolerated SP and four did not but thrived on PHF. Seven other young infants who presented with severe clinical symptoms were placed directly on PHF. Biopsies were performed at initial illness, during the illness and following clinical recovery. The infants had a damaged mucosa while on an intolerant formula. The disaccharidase levels of the biopsy were low during the initial illness but increased rapidly during the recovery period. Rapid clinical and mucosal recovery was observed in nine infants who tolerated SP and 17 infants on PHF.CMP challenge was conducted in 26 infants and 16 infants had cows' milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE) indicating that CMPSE was the basis for the persistent diarrhoea and impaired mucosal recovery in these 16 infants. The role of food protein sensitive enteropathy and other factors influencing the clinical course and mucosal recovery in young infants with acute gastroenteritis is discussed.