bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nutritional supplements on antibody levels in pregnant women vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Zhang Xi , Han Xue , Chen Baolan , Fu Xi , Gong Yajie , Yang Wenhan , Chen Qingsong 
Published: March 2024

Background
Because of the significantly higher demand for nutrients during pregnancy, pregnant women are more likely to have nutrient deficiencies, which may adversely affect maternal and fetal health. The influence of nutritional supplements on the immune effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy is not clear.

Methods
In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we enrolled 873 pregnant women aged 18–45 y in Guangdong, China. The general demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their use of nutritional supplements were investigated, and the serum antibody levels induced by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were measured. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between nutritional supplements and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.

Results
Of the 873 pregnant women enrolled, 825 (94.5%) took folic acid during pregnancy, 165 (18.9%) took iron supplements, and 197 (22.6%) took DHA. All pregnant women received at least one dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and the positive rates of serum SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were 44.7% and 46.4%, respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, whether pregnant women took folic acid, iron supplements, or DHA did not influence NAb positivity or IgG positivity (P > 0.05). Compared with pregnant women who did not take folic acid, the odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 NAb and IgG antibody in pregnant women who took folic acid were 0.67 (P = 0.255; 95% CI, 0.34–1.32) and 1.24 (P = 0.547; 95% CI, 0.60–2.55), respectively. Compared with pregnant women who did not take iron supplements, the ORs for the presence of NAb and IgG antibody in pregnant women who took iron supplements were 1.16(P = 0.465; 95% CI, 0.77–1.76) and 0.98 (P = 0.931; 95% CI, 0.64–1.49), respectively. Similarly, the ORs for NAb and IgG antibody were 0.71 (P = 0.085; 95% CI, 0.49–1.04) and 0.95 (P = 0.801; 95% CI, 0.65–1.38) in pregnant women who took DHA compared with those who did not.

Conclusions
Nutritional supplementation with folic acid, iron, or DHA during pregnancy was not associated with antibody levels in pregnant women who received inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Vancomycin nephrotoxicity: A comprehensive clinico-pathological study
Authors: Nachiappa Ganesh Rajesh , Edwards Angelina , El Zaatari Ziad , Gaber Lillian , Barrios Roberto , Truong Luan D. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Vancomycin, a commonly prescribed antibiotic particularly in the setting of multi-drug resistant infections, is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Despite its common occurrence, much remains unknown on the clinicopathologic profile as well as the pathogenesis of vancomycin nephrotoxicity. Clinical studies included patients often with severe comorbidities and concomitant polypharmacy confounding the causal pathogenesis. Animal models cannot recapitulate this complex clinical situation. Kidney biopsy was not commonly performed.

Methods
To address this limitation, we studied 36 patients who had renal biopsies for acute kidney injury (AKI) for suspicion of vancomycin nephrotoxicity. Detailed renal biopsy evaluation, meticulous evaluation of clinical profiles, and up-to-date follow-up allowed for a diagnostic categorization of vancomycin nephrotoxicity (VNT) in 25 patients and absence of vancomycin nephrotoxicity (NO-VNT) in 11 patients. For careful comparison of these two groups, we proceeded to compile a clinicopathologic and morphologic profiles characteristic for each group.

Results
Patients with VNT had a characteristic clinical profile including a common clinical background, a high serum trough level of vancomycin, a rapidly developed and severe acute kidney injury, and a recovery of renal function often shortly after discontinuation of vancomycin. This clinical course was correlated with characteristic renal biopsy findings including acute tubulointerstitial nephritis of allergic type, frequent granulomatous inflammation, concomitant and pronounced acute tubular necrosis of nephrotoxic type, and vancomycin casts, in the absence of significant tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. This clinico-pathologic profile was different from that of patients with NO-VNT, highlighting its role in the diagnosis, management and pathogenetic exploration of vancomycin nephrotoxicity

Conclusion
Vancomycin nephrotoxicity has a distinctive morphologic and clinical profile, which should facilitate diagnosis, guide treatment and prognostication, and confer pathogenetic insights.
Analysis of genes characterizing chronic thrombosis and associated pathways in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhan Shizhang , Wang Liu , Wang Wenping , Li Ruoran 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
In chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), fibrosis of thrombi in the lumen of blood vessels and obstruction of blood vessels are important factors in the progression of the disease. Therefore, it is important to explore the key genes that lead to chronic thrombosis in order to understand the development of CTEPH, and at the same time, it is beneficial to provide new directions for early identification, disease prevention, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and development of novel therapeutic agents.

Methods
The GSE130391 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database, which includes the full gene expression profiles of patients with CTEPH and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH). Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) of CTEPH and IPAH were screened, and then Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs; Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to screen the key gene modules and take the intersection genes of DEGs and the key module genes in WGCNA; STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network; and cytoHubba analysis was performed to identify the hub genes.

Results
A total of 924 DEGs were screened, and the MEturquoise module with the strongest correlation was selected to take the intersection with DEGs A total of 757 intersecting genes were screened. The top ten hub genes were analyzed by cytoHubba: IL-1B, CXCL8, CCL22, CCL5, CCL20, TNF, IL-12B, JUN, EP300, and CCL4.

Conclusion
IL-1B, CXCL8, CCL22, CCL5, CCL20, TNF, IL-12B, JUN, EP300, and CCL4 have diagnostic and therapeutic value in CTEPH disease, especially playing a role in chronic thrombosis. The discovery of NF-κB, AP-1 transcription factors, and TNF signaling pathway through pivotal genes may be involved in the disease progression process.
Underwater versus conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for ≥10 mm sessile or flat colorectal polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Yue , Cao Xueyan , Zhang Chunmei , Miao Lin 
Published: March 2024

Background and aim
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has been an emerging substitute for conventional EMR (CEMR). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at comparing the efficiency and safety of the two techniques for removing ≥10 mm sessile or flat colorectal polyps.

Methods
PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched up to February 2023 to identify eligible studies that compared the outcomes of UEMR and CEMR. This meta-analysis was conducted on the en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, complete resection rate, procedure time, adverse events rate and recurrence rate.

Results
Nine studies involving 1,727 colorectal polyps were included: 881 were removed by UEMR, and 846 were removed by CEMR. UEMR was associated with a significant increase in en bloc resection rate [Odds ratio(OR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.36–2.10, p<0.00001, I2 = 33%], R0 resection rate(OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.14–2.03, p = 0.004, I2 = 31%) and complete resection rate(OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.06–2.62, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%) as well as a significant reduction in procedure time(MD ‒4.27, 95%CI ‒7.41 to ‒1.13, p = 0.008, I2 = 90%) and recurrence rate(OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.33–0.83, p = 0.006, I2 = 6%). Both techniques were comparable in adverse events rate.

Conclusion
UEMR can be a safe and efficient substitute for CEMR in removing ≥10 mm sessile or flat colorectal polyps. More studies verifying the advantages of UEMR over CEMR are needed to promote its application.
Religious leaders’ perceptions of the identification and referral of people with mental health problems in a Peruvian city
Authors: Cjuno Julio , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica Hanae , García García Teresa del Pilar , Taype-Rondan Alvaro 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Religious leaders have the potential to play a significant role in the identification and referral of individuals with mental health problems.

Objective
This study sought to understand the perceptions of religious leaders in regards to identifying and referring parishioners with mental health issues to healthcare professionals, in Chimbote, Peru.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study that covered religious leaders of different religious groups in Chimbote. The leaders completed a survey that assessed their characteristics, past experiences of detecting and referring those with mental health problems to healthcare professionals, and perceptions of four clinical cases (for which we used the Clergy’s Perception of Mental Illness Survey instrument).

Results
We included 109 religious’ leaders of four religious groups (11 Catholics, 70 Evangelicals, 21 Mormons, and 7 Adventists). Of these, 50.5% had received at least one request for help with mental health issues from a parishioner in the previous month, over 85% expressed a desire for training in identifying mental health problems, and 22–30% reported receiving any training. While the majority of leaders were able to correctly identify cases of depression, alcohol dependence, and drug problems, only 62% correctly classified a case of schizophrenia. Despite this, 80% stated that they would refer their parishioners to healthcare professionals.

Conclusion
Parishioners tend to consult their religious leaders regarding their mental health and approximately 80% stated they would refer such cases to a healthcare professional. However, less than one-third of the leaders had received training to detect mental health problems. These results suggest that there is a need for training programs to improve the ability of religious leaders to identify and refer individuals with mental health issues.
Bone metabolism in children with normal weight and overweight/obesity in a northeastern region of Spain
Authors: Cuenca Alcocel José , Villalba-Heredia Lorena , Martínez Redondo Inés , Berrozpe-Villabona Clara , Casajús José Antonio , Arbonés-Mainar José Miguel , Calmarza Pilar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Bone mass progressively increases to peak during childhood and adolescence, which determines future bone health. Bone formation–resorption processes are assessed using bone markers. However, studies on the impact of obesity on bone turnover markers at this age are limited, and results are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine the potential impact of overweight/obesity on bone metabolism.

Methods
A study was performed to compare parameters of bone metabolism in 45 girls and boys with normal weight (controls) and in a group of 612 girls and boys with overweight/obesity (cases) from the Exergames study (University of Zaragoza). Ages ranged from 8 to 12 years.

Results
Higher values of phosphorus and IGFBP-3 were observed in children with overweight/obesity, as compared to children with normal weight, (p=0.042) and (p=0.042), respectively. BAP, osteocalcin, magnesium, vitamin D and IGF-I concentrations were lower in the group with overweight/obesity, whereas calcium concentrations were higher in this group, although differences were not statistically significant. A negative correlation was found (r=−0.193) (p=0.049) between BAP and BMI.

Conclusions
Although differences did not reach statistical significance, BAP and osteocalcin concentrations were lower in children with overweight/obesity. This added to the negative correlation found between BAP and MIC may demonstrate that overweight/obesity may negatively affect bone health already at a young age.
Keeping Mobile Firms at Home: The Role of Public Enterprise
Authors: Fjell Kenneth , Heywood John S. , Pal Debashis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We show that the presence of a public firm can deter private firms from relocating to foreign countries in response to high domestic taxation. We also examine partially privatized public firms showing that the higher the exogenous domestic profit tax, the larger the public ownership share needs to be to deter private firm mobility. We illustrate that deterring mobility increases domestic welfare.
Exploration of the thermal and mechanical characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate-based copolymers: implications for wind turbine blades applications
Authors: Xue Huimin , Li Chun , Sui Jiayang , Liu Lifei , Ma Xiaokun , Liang Chenhong , Zhao Weizhen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Wind turbine (WT) blade fabrication typically employs thermosetting resins, whose recycling challenges post-retirement have resulted in environmental pressures. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a low-viscosity, high-performance, and recyclable material with excellent mechanical properties that is compatible with WT fabrication processes, serving as a viable alternative to traditional epoxy resins. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin is considered a promising candidate for replacing epoxy resins. However, the mechanical properties of PMMA still require improvement. In this study, we investigated the effects of introducing copolymerized monomers on the comprehensive performance of PMMA resin without affecting its viscosity, examining the influence of these copolymerized monomers on the material’s thermal and mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the synthesized PMMA-based copolymers were compared with those of blade-specific epoxy resin (WD0135). The results revealed that compared to WD0135, the flexural strength and modulus of the prepared PMMA copolymers significantly increased to 96.6 and 3158.6 MPa, respectively, with a tensile strength reaching 74.2 MPa. Consequently, this series of PMMA-based resins demonstrates immense potential for large-scale material part fabrication via casting techniques.
Is there a role for routine intraoperative cholangiogram in diagnosing CBD stones in patients with normal liver function tests? A prospective study
Authors: Lim Yi Ping , Leow Voon Meng , Koong Jun Kit , Subramaniam Manisekar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cholecystectomy with or without intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is an accepted treatment for cholelithiasis. Up to 11.6 % of cholecystectomies have incidental common bile duct (CBD) stones on IOC and 25.3 % of undiagnosed CBD stones will develop life-threatening complications. These will require additional intervention after primary cholecystectomy, further straining the healthcare system. We seek to examine the role of IOC in patients with normal LFTs by evaluating its predictive values, intending to treat undiagnosed CBD stones and therefore ameliorate these issues.

Methods
All patients who underwent cholecystectomies with normal LFTs from October 2019 to December 2020 were prospectively enrolled. IOC was done, ERCPs were performed for filling defects and documented as “true positive” if ERCP was congruent with the IOC. “False positives” were recorded if ERCP was negative. “True negative” was assigned to normal IOC and LFT after 2 weeks of follow-up. Those with abnormal LFTs were subjected to ERCP and documented as “false negative”. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated.

Results
A total of 180 patients were analysed. IOC showed a specificity of 85.5 % and a NPV of 88.1 % with an AUC of 73.7 %. The positive predictive value and sensitivity were 56.5 and 61.9 % respectively.

Conclusions
Routine IOC is a specific diagnostic tool with good negative predictive value. It is useful to exclude the presence of CBD stones when LFT is normal. It does not significantly prolong the length of hospitalization or duration of the cholecystectomy hence reducing the incidence of undetected retained stones and preventing its complications effectively.
Combining bag of visual words-based features with CNN in image classification
Authors: Marzouk Marwa A. , Elkholy Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although traditional image classification techniques are often used in authentic ways, they have several drawbacks, such as unsatisfactory results, poor classification accuracy, and a lack of flexibility. In this study, we introduce a combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM), along with a modified bag of visual words (BoVW)-based image classification model. BoVW uses scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and Oriented Fast and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) descriptors; as a consequence, the SIFT–ORB–BoVW model developed contains highly discriminating features, which enhance the performance of the classifier. To identify appropriate images and overcome challenges, we have also explored the possibility of utilizing a fuzzy Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) approach. This study also discusses using CNNs/SVM to improve the proposed feature extractor’s ability to learn more relevant visual vocabulary from the image. The proposed technique was compared with classic BoVW. The experimental results proved the significant enhancement of the proposed technique in terms of performance and accuracy over state-of-the-art models of BoVW.
Association and disparities of food insecurity and exposure to violence: analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Bloom Molly , McCoy Cassie , Hendrix-Dicken Amy D. , Elenwo Covenant , Baxter Michael A. , Coffey Sara , Hartwell Micah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Lack of access to food is a significant concern for child well-being, and it creates many health disparities and adverse social outcomes. Food insecurity and its many associated risk factors increase parental stress, which are strongly correlated with an increased risk of child abuse and maltreatment. Research now identifies being witness to domestic abuse as a form of child maltreatment, and exposure to violence in the community has been shown to result in similar long-term impacts.

Objectives
Given the potential for lifelong adverse effects from experiencing adverse childhood events involving violence and food insecurity, our primary objective was to assess the relationship between the two and disparities among demographic factors.

Methods
We conducted an observational study utilizing data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016–2021. The NSCH is a United States nationally representative survey completed by primary caregivers of one child per home aged 0–17 years. We determined population estimates (n=216,799; n=83,424,126) and rates of children experiencing food insecurity and parent-reported exposure to violence. We then constructed logistic regression models to assess associations, through odds ratios (ORs), between food security and exposure to violence including demographic factors.

Results
Among the sample, 5.42 % of children experienced low food security and 7.4 % were exposed to violence. The odds of exposure to violence are 5.19 times greater for children with low food security compared to food-secure children (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.48–6.02). Indigenous and Black children were 7.8 and 6.81 times more likely to experience or witness violence when food insecure compared to food secure White children, respectively (95 % CI: 3.18–19.13, 5.24–8.86 respectively).

Conclusions
Food insecurity was associated with increased odds of children experiencing and/or witnessing violence compared to those who were food secure. The interaction between exposure to violence and food insecurity also disproportionately impacts children with specific demographic factors, notably race/ethnicity including multiracial, Indigenous, and Black children. By developing and adapting strategies to improve food security, it is possible to indirectly reduce the rates of childhood exposure to violence and the long-term impacts that result.
Medium and large mammals in an Andean National Park in southwestern Colombia
Authors: Barajas-Rebolledo Laura Maria , Guarín Edwar , Roncancio Duque Néstor , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Complejo Volcánico Doña Juana – Cascabel National Natural Park is located between the departments of Cauca and Nariño in the southern Andean Region of Colombia. Due to the country’s social challenges and the difficult access to the Doña Juana – Cascabel National Natural Park the biological knowledge concerning groups such as mammals, is based on studies prior to the park’s declaration, reports from park rangers and residents. Between October 2017 and February 2018, eight trail cameras were set up in the Doña Juana – Cascabel National Natural Park and its buffer zone. We reviewed the information captured in these cameras and identified eight mammal species, three of which are new reports for the park. In total, 24 species were reported, including charismatic Andean species such as the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), and the Andean tapir (Tapirus pinchaque). The mammal diversity documented for the park is low (24 species) compared to other Andean areas. Further field work is necessary to complete the species inventories. Nevertheless, this research, to our knowledge is the first effort to study the medium and large mammals of the Doña Juana – Cascabel National Natural Park since its establishment in 2008.
Utilization of rice straw for parallel production of sugars rich extract and paper
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Rana Vikas , Gupta Praveen K. , Pandey Neetu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Complete utilization of different agricultural wastes is a great challenge before human society. The present study reports the valorization of rice straw for simultaneous production of reducing sugars and paper. The rice straw was first pre-extracted with water under different reaction conditions sequentially followed by papermaking. A maximum total reducing sugars (TRS) upto 12.38 % was extracted through aqueous pre-treatment. The pulped biomass was assessed for paper properties viz., tensile index, tear index, burst index, Kappa no. and brightness. For untreated rice straw tensile index, tear index and burst index were recorded within a range of 30.9–35.8 N m/g; 2.25–2.62 mN m2/g and 1.91–2.35 kN/g respectively where as it were ranged from 31.1 to 33.7 N m/g, 2.02–2.51 mN m2/g and 1.78–2.08 kN/g respectively for pretreated rice straw. Moreover, for untreated rice straw, kappa number and brightness were recorded in a range from 20.7 to 26.6 and 32.4 to 36.7 % ISO respectively, whereas for pre-treated rice straw it ranged from 19.1 to 26.3 and 31.6 to 35.5 % ISO respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were further employed during the study. In overall, extraction of underutilized sugars prior to pulping may prove as an efficient route for apt utilization of sugars followed by papermaking in near future.