bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a 51-Member Low-Resolution (TL399L62) Ensemble with a 6-Member High-Resolution (TL799L91) Lagged-Forecast Ensemble
Authors: Buizza Roberto 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The 51-member TL399L62 ECMWF ensemble prediction system (EPS51) is compared with a lagged ensemble system based on the six most recent ECMWF TL799L91 forecasts (LAG6). The EPS51 and LAG6 systems are compared to two 6-member ensembles with a “weighted” ensemble-mean: EPS6wEM and LAG6wEM. EPS6wEM includes six members of EPS51 and has the ensemble mean constructed giving optimal weights to its members, while LAG6wEM includes the LAG6 six members and has the ensemble mean constructed giving optimal weights to its members. In these weighted ensembles, the optimal weights are based on 50-day forecast error statistics of each individual member (in EPS51 and LAG6 the ensemble mean is constructed giving the same weight to each individual member). The EPS51, LAG6, EPS6wEM, and LAG6wEM ensembles are compared for a 7-month period (from 1 April to 30 October 2006—213 cases) and for two of the most severe storms that hit the Scandinavian countries since 1969.
The study shows that EPS51 has the best-tuned ensemble spread, and provides the best probabilistic forecasts, with differences in predictability between EPS51 and LAG6 or LAG6wEM probabilistic forecasts of geopotential height anomalies of up to 24 h. In terms of ensemble mean, EPS51 gives the best forecast from forecast day 4, but before forecast day 4 LAG6wEM provides a slightly better forecast, with differences in predictability smaller than 2 h up to forecast day 6, and of about 6 h afterward. The comparison also shows that a larger ensemble size is more important in the medium range rather than in the short range.
Overall, these results indicate that if the aim of ensemble prediction is to generate not only a single (most likely) scenario but also a probabilistic forecast, than EPS51 has a higher skill than the lagged ensemble system based on LAG6 or LAG6wEM.
Remarkable Efficiency Improvement in the Preparation of Insoluble Polymer‐Bound (IPB) Enantioselective Catalytic Systems by the Use of Silicone Chemistry
Authors: Mandoli Alessandro , Lessi Marco , Pini Dario , Evangelisti Claudio , Salvadori Piero 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe use of platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation chemistry of silicones greatly simplifies the preparation of bis‐oxazoline (box) ligands covalently bound to an insoluble polymeric support. The use of such immobilized chiral ligands in different copper‐catalyzed asymmetric transformations (carbonyl‐ene, Mukaiyama aldol and olefin cyclopropanation reactions) allows the attainment of high levels of enantioselectivity (91–99 % ee).
Asymmetric Bioreduction of CC Bonds using Enoate Reductases OPR1, OPR3 and YqjM: Enzyme‐Based Stereocontrol
Authors: Hall Mélanie , Stueckler Clemens , Ehammer Heidemarie , Pointner Eva , Oberdorfer Gustav , Gruber Karl , Hauer Bernard , Stuermer Rainer , Kroutil Wolfgang , Macheroux Peter , Faber Kurt 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThree cloned enoate reductases from the “old yellow enzyme” family of flavoproteins were investigated in the asymmetric bioreduction of activated alkenes. 12‐Oxophytodienoate reductase isoenzymes OPR1 and OPR3 from Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), and YqjM from Bacillus subtilis displayed a remarkably broad substrate spectrum by reducing α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, maleimides and nitroalkenes. The reaction proceeded with absolute chemoselectivity – only the conjugated CC bond was reduced, while isolated olefins and carbonyl groups remained intact – with excellent stereoselectivities (ees up to >99%). Upon reduction of a nitroalkene, the stereochemical outcome could be determined via choice of the appropriate enzyme (OPR1 versus OPR3 or YqjM), which furnished the corresponding enantiomeric nitroalkanes in excellent ee. Molecular modelling suggests that this “enzyme‐based stereocontrol” is caused by subtle differences within the active site geometries.
Stature estimation in ancient Egyptians: A new technique based on anatomical reconstruction of stature
Authors: Raxter Michelle H. , Ruff Christopher B. , Azab Ayman , Erfan Moushira , Soliman Muhammad , El‐Sawaf Aly 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTrotter and Gleser's (Trotter and Gleser: Am J Phys Anthropol 10 (1952) 469–514; Trotter and Gleser: Am J Phys Anthropol 16 (1958) 79–123) long bone formulae for US Blacks or derivations thereof (Robins and Shute: Hum Evol 1 (1986) 313–324) have been previously used to estimate the stature of ancient Egyptians. However, limb length to stature proportions differ between human populations; consequently, the most accurate mathematical stature estimates will be obtained when the population being examined is as similar as possible in proportions to the population used to create the equations. The purpose of this study was to create new stature regression formulae based on direct reconstructions of stature in ancient Egyptians and assess their accuracy in comparison to other stature estimation methods. We also compare Egyptian body proportions to those of modern American Blacks and Whites. Living stature estimates were derived using a revised Fully anatomical method (Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 (2006) 374–384). Long bone stature regression equations were then derived for each sex. Our results confirm that, although ancient Egyptians are closer in body proportion to modern American Blacks than they are to American Whites, proportions in Blacks and Egyptians are not identical. The newly generated Egyptian‐based stature regression formulae have standard errors of estimate of 1.9–4.2 cm. All mean directional differences are less than 0.4% compared to anatomically estimated stature, while results using previous formulae are more variable, with mean directional biases varying between 0.2% and 1.1%, tibial and radial estimates being the most biased. There is no evidence for significant variation in proportions among temporal or social groupings; thus, the new formulae may be broadly applicable to ancient Egyptian remains. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viscoelastic properties of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) having various acrylonitrile contents
Authors: Aoki Yuji 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDynamic viscoelastic properties of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) with various AN contents were measured to evaluate the influence of SAN composition, consequently χ parameter, upon the melt rheology. PMMA/SAN blends were miscible and exhibited a terminal flow region characterized by Newtonian flow, when the acrylonitrile (AN) content of SAN ranges from 10 to 27 wt %. Whereas, PMMA/SAN blends were immiscible and exhibited a long time relaxation, when the AN content in SAN is less than several wt % or greater than 30 wt %. Correspondingly, melt rheology of the blends was characterized by the plots of storage modulus G′ against loss modulus G″. Log G′ versus log G″ plots exhibited a straight line of slope 2 for the miscible blends, but did not show a straight line for the immiscible blends because of their long time relaxation mechanism. The plateau modulus, determined as the storage modulus G′ in the plateau zone at the frequency where tan δ is at maximum, varied linearly with the AN content of SAN irrespective of blend miscibility. This result indicates that the additivity rule holds well for the entanglement molecular weights in miscible PMMA/SAN blends. However, the entanglement molecular weights in immiscible blends should have “apparent” values, because the above method to determine the plateau modulus is not applicable for the immiscible blends. Effect of χ parameter on the plateau modulus of the miscible blends could not be found. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐ and Base‐Free Synthesis of 1,3‐Diynes Catalyzed by Low Loading of Heterogeneous Pd/C and CuI.
Authors: Kurita Takanori , Abe Masami , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MOFs – Metallorganische Gerüststrukturen. Funktionale poröse Materialien
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Stock Norbert 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMOFs (metal‐organic frameworks) gehören zur Klasse der anorganisch‐organischen Gerüstverbindungen. Sie sind hochkristallin und bestechen durch ihren modularen Aufbau aus Metallionen, Metall‐Sauerstoff‐Clustern, ‐Ketten oder ‐Schichten, die über funktionalisierbare organische Linker zu porösen dreidimensionalen Gerüsten verknüpft sind. Die Poren stehen für zahlreiche Anwendungen zur Verfügung und können mit Hilfe des Prinzips der isoretikulären Synthese bezüglich ihrer Größe und Polarität gezielt verändert und damit für spezielle Anwendungen maßgeschneidert werden. MOFs stellen eine neue Klasse poröser kristalliner Verbindungen dar. Aufgrund zahlreicher potentieller Anwendungen z.B. zur Gasspeicherung, in der Katalyse, als Nanoreaktoren oder bei der Wirkstofffreisetzung und wegen ihrer teilweise ungewöhnlichen Eigenschaften sind sie sowohl für die Industrie als auch für die universitäre Forschung von großem Interesse.
Positive Troponin in Diabetic Ketoacidosis without Evident Acute Coronary Syndrome Predicts Adverse Cardiac Events
Authors: Al‐Mallah Mouaz , Zuberi Omar , Arida Muhammad , Kim Henry E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundElevated troponin I has been associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients without acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prognostic significance of troponin elevation in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) without evident ACS has not been studied.MethodsRetrospective study of all patients admitted to a U.S. tertiary center between 01/98 and 12/00 with DKA and had troponin I level measured. Patients with evidence of ACS or who met the American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology (ACC/ESC) definition for myocardial infarction were excluded. Baseline characteristics, cardiac evaluation and 2 year major adverse coronary event (MACE) rate were compared between patients with positive and negative troponin.ResultsNinety‐six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this study, 26 had positive troponin. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. After a 2 year follow‐up, there was significantly increased mortality in patients with elevated troponin (50.0% versus 27.1%, hazard‐ratio (HR) 2.3, 95% confidence intraval (CI) 1.2–4.8, p = 0.02). Patients with elevated troponin also had significantly increased MACE rate at 2 years (50.0% versus 28.6%, HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.3, p = 0.007) driven primarily by mortality. Using Cox Proportional Hazard Analysis, elevated troponin was a predictor of increased MACE after adjusting for confounding variables. (Adjusted HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.6, p = 0.02)ConclusionsElevated troponin I in diabetic patients admitted with DKA identifies a group at very high risk for future cardiac events and mortality. Whether cardiac risk stratification of these patients will improve long term outcome remains to be studied. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ProApolipoprotein A1
Authors: Marchi Nicola , Mazzone Peter , Fazio Vincent , Mekhail Tarek , Masaryk Thomas , Janigro Damir 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDCentral nervous system (CNS) diagnostics is a promising tool for detection of neurological disorders, including brain metastases. One of the earliest applications of CNS diagnostics was based on serum markers of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which often correlates with acute, chronic, or incipient brain disease. In the case of brain metastases, serum levels of S100β demonstrated a good negative predictive value comparable to radiologic investigations. However, a confounding factor was the presence of BBB changes due to cerebrovascular disease.METHODSOf 103 patients enrolled in a lung cancer study, greater than 50% presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes consistent with chronic cerebrovascular disease and reflected by elevated serum S100β. To unveil serum protein, the authors used proteomic techniques that allow discrimination between patients with brain metastases and lung cancer patients affected by cerebrovascular ischemic changes without infiltrating tumor.RESULTSProApolipoprotein A1, transferrin, haptoglobin, and transthyretin were upregulated in patients affected by chronic cerebrovascular disease and brain metastases compared with those affected only by vascular diseases. ProApolipoprotein A1 was significantly increased (p < .05) in patients with CNS disease.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, these data support the use of serum markers for the early detection of brain metastases. ProApolipoprotein A1 may be used in conjunction with S100β for serum‐based, MRI‐independent diagnosis of metastatic brain tumors. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Measurement of Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in Limbs with Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Harissis Haralampos , Koliousi Eli , Matsagas Miltiadis , Batsis Haralampos , Fatouros Michalis , Siamopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the present study was to investigate hypoxemic complications of limbs with arteriovenous access by means of transcutaneous oximetry.METHODSThe study was a prospective assessment of 31 limbs with arteriovenous access using transcutaneous oximetry. Each limb was measured 4 times: before arteriovenous construction, the first post‐operative day, the first post‐operative month, and the fourth post‐operative month. The contralateral limb was used as control for every measurement.RESULTSThe first postoperative day was characterized by an acute drop in the tissue oxygenation of the limb with arteriovenous access (p = 0.03). This hypoxia was compensated for in the first month by a gradual return of transcutaneous oxygen values to pre‐operative levels. Two patients developed a steal syndrome, characterized by abnormally low transcutaneous oxygen (< 40 mmHg).CONCLUSIONTranscutaneous oximetry is a simple and accurate method for objectively assessing the whole spectrum of alterations in tissue oxygenation (from transient hypoxia to steal syndrome) caused by arteriovenous access.
Hypouricemia linked to an overproduction of nitric oxide is an early marker of oxidative stress in female subjects with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pitocco Dario , Di Stasio Enrico , Romitelli Federica , Zaccardi Francesco , Tavazzi Barbara , Manto Andrea , Caputo Salvatore , Musella Tittania , Zuppi Cecilia , Santini Stefano A. , Ghirlanda Giovanni 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to verify whether, early in the course of type 1 diabetes and assuming hyperglycemia as the only risk factor, women demonstrate a change in oxidative status due to an interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid production.MethodsThirty‐eight women with type 1 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration and with no diabetic complications were compared with 25 matched healthy female controls. Insulin, C‐peptide, NO, HbA1c and oxidative stress metabolites were determined from venous blood samples taken from all patients after a 12 h overnight fast. Urine samples were used for urinary uric acid determination.ResultsMost oxidative stress metabolites were significantly increased (p < 0.0001), while plasmatic and urinary uric acid levels were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with controls. Mean NO levels were inversely related to uricemia. Bivariate regression analysis showed a significant correlation between plasmatic uric acid and NO (p = 0.004), ascorbic acid (p = 0.042), triglycerides (p = 0.014) and HbA1c (p < 0.0001). Linear multivariate regression analysis showed a significant relationship between HbA1c and plasmatic uric acid (beta = − 0.465, p = 0.0004).ConclusionsOxidative stress is already present in the early stages of type 1 diabetes. We conclude that the initial increase in oxidative stress could be linked to a reduction in plasmatic levels of uric acid, which is probably directly caused by an overproduction of NO. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the pretreatment process for the object extraction in color image of wear debris
Authors: Hu Xianguo , Huang Peng , Zheng Shousen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article, some pretreatment techniques used for the object extraction in color debris image were introduced, which was an important basic work in ferrographic technology to identify precisely wear debris produced by friction and wear from the relative motions between machine parts. These pretreatment techniques included image enhancement, image segmentation, filling pore, image erosion, and recognition of wear debris. The results showed that these methods were feasible and effective, which could be applied to extract object of color wear debris image successfully and precisely. It provided an important basis for the recognition technique of wear debris which was related to monitoring machine operation state and fault diagnosis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 277–284, 2007
Electrospinning of photocrosslinked and degradable fibrous scaffolds
Authors: Tan Andrea R. , Ifkovits Jamie L. , Baker Brendon M. , Brey Darren M. , Mauck Robert L. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectrospun fibrous scaffolds are being developed for the engineering of numerous tissues. Advantages of electrospun scaffolds include the similarity in fiber diameter to elements of the native extracellular matrix and the ability to align fibers within the scaffold to control and direct cellular interactions and matrix deposition. To further expand the range of properties available in fibrous scaffolds, we developed a process to electrospin photocrosslinkable macromers from a library of multifunctional poly(β‐amino ester)s. In this study, we utilized one macromer (A6) from this library for initial examination of fibrous scaffold formation. A carrier polymer [poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)] was used for fiber formation because of limitations in electrospinning A6 alone. Various ratios of A6 and PEO were successfully electrospun and influenced the scaffold fiber diameter and appearance. When electrospun with a photoinitiator and exposed to light, the macromers crosslinked rapidly to high double bond conversions and fibrous scaffolds displayed higher elastic moduli compared to uncrosslinked scaffolds. When these fibers were deposited onto a rotating mandrel and crosslinked, organized fibrous scaffolds were obtained, which possessed higher moduli (∼4‐fold) in the fiber direction than perpendicular to the fiber direction, as well as higher moduli (∼12‐fold) than that of nonaligned crosslinked scaffolds. With exposure to water, a significant mass loss and a decrease in mechanical properties were observed, correlating to a rapid initial loss of PEO which reached an equilibrium after 7 days. Overall, these results present a process that allows for formation of fibrous scaffolds from a wide variety of possible photocrosslinkable macromers, increasing the diversity and range of properties achievable in fibrous scaffolds for tissue regeneration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Technique for preparation and characterization in cross‐section of oral titanium implant surfaces using focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Jarmar Tobias , Palmquist Anders , Brånemark Rickard , Hermansson Leif , Engqvist Håkan , Thomsen Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe surface properties of materials are believed to control most of the biological reactions toward implanted materials. To study the surface structure, elemental distribution, and morphology, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, thin foils of the surface (in cross‐section) are needed. These have been cumbersome to produce, in particular, from the normally irregular screw‐shaped metal implants. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy has been developed partly for TEM sample preparation, mainly within the microelectronics industry. Our study describes a method based on FIB for producing electron transparent foils/sections from a metal implant for TEM analysis. Using a screw‐shaped titanium dental implant, it was demonstrated that thin foils can be prepared with submicron specificity and from almost any surface geometry. A comparison of different lift‐out techniques showed that the in situ lift‐out preparation technique allowed plasma cleaning and produced particularly good samples with excellent yield. The titanium oxide on the implant surface was analyzed using energy‐filtered TEM (EFTEM) and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM) and the TiO2 rutile phase being determined via the lattice parameters. This study provides the first set of data for the optimization of a new route for preparation and analysis of biomaterial surfaces and interfaces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Stress corrosion cracking of an aluminum alloy used in external fixation devices
Authors: Cartner Jacob L. , Haggard Warren O. , Ong Joo L. , Bumgardner Joel D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTreatment for compound and/or comminuted fractures is frequently accomplished via external fixation. To achieve stability, the compositions of external fixators generally include aluminum alloy components due to their high strength‐to‐weight ratios. These alloys are particularly susceptible to corrosion in chloride environments. There have been several clinical cases of fixator failure in which corrosion was cited as a potential mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physiological environments on the corrosion susceptibility of aluminum 7075‐T6, since it is used in orthopedic external fixation devices. Electrochemical corrosion curves and alternate immersion stress corrosion cracking tests indicated aluminum 7075‐T6 is susceptible to corrosive attack when placed in physiological environments. Pit initiated stress corrosion cracking was the primary form of alloy corrosion, and subsequent fracture, in this study. Anodization of the alloy provided a protective layer, but also caused a decrease in passivity ranges. These data suggest that once the anodization layer is disrupted, accelerated corrosion processes occur. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008