bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in Edge Plasma Transport Modeling on JET
Authors: Fundamenski W. , Coster D. P. , Airila M. , Belo P. , Bonnin X. , Chankin A. , Corrigan G. , Erents S. K. , Garcia O. E. , Glowacz S. , Gulejova B. , Kirschner A. , Naulin V. , Nielsen A. , Kirnev G. , Kotov V. , Konz C. , Rasmussen J. J. , Pitts R. A. , Reiter D. , Ribeiro T. , Scott B. D. , Strachan J. D. , Subba F. , Tsitrone E. , Tskhakaya D. , Wiesen S. , Wischmeier M. , Zagórski R. , EFDA‐JET Contributors  
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecent progress in edge plasma modeling on the JET tokamak is briefly, and somewhat selectively, reviewed. This ongoing modeling activity is aimed at developing a predictive capability for ITER based on numerical models verified and validated upon JET experimental data. Topics include both steady‐state and transient particle and power exhaust, the effect of edge/SOL turbulence and edge localized modes, and first wall material migration. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated ELM Simulation with Edge MHD Stability and Transport of SOL‐Divertor Plasmas
Authors: Hayashi N. , Takizuka T. , Aiba N. , Ozeki T. , Oyama N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of the pressure profile on the energy loss caused by edge localized modes (ELMs) has been investigated by using an integrated simulation code TOPICS‐IB based on a core transport code with a stability code for the peeling‐ballooning modes and a transport model for scrape‐off‐layer and divertor plasmas. The steep pressure gradient inside the pedestal top is found to broaden the region of the ELM enhanced transport through the broadening of eigenfunctions and enhance the ELM energy loss. The ELM energy loss in the simulation becomes larger than 15 % of the pedestal energy, as is shown in the database of multi‐machine experiments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Radial Transport Loss on the Asymmetry of ELM Heat Flux
Authors: Takizuka T. , Oyama N. , Hosokawa M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe dynamics of SOL‐divertor plasmas after an ELM crash is studied with a one‐dimensional particle simulation code, PARASOL. The ELM crash occurs off‐centrally in the SOL region, and the ELM heat flux to the near divertor plate and that to the far divertor plate become asymmetric. The peak heat flux to the near plate is larger as compared to the far plate. The asymmetry in the peak heat flux increases with the connection‐length ratio. The imbalance in the heat deposition, however, is small. The radial transport loss of ELM flux creates the asymmetry in the heat deposition, but the imbalance is still not large even for the large radial transport loss rate. The electron heat flux to the far plate brought by the SOL current is one of the causes of a small imbalance in the heat deposition. Another cause is the asymmetric SOL flow and its convective heat flux, whose stagnation point stays for a long period near the ELM crash location. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Guiding Center Orbit Studies in a Tokamak Edge Geometry Employing Boozer and Cartesian Coordinate
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Xiao Y. , Lin Z. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGuiding center Monte‐Carlo codes (GCMC) in both open and closed field line regions in the tokamak edge geometry are developed for the future applications in examining the integration of core and edge turbulence transport simulations. Introducing a simple analytical model for the edge geometry, the orbital studies are presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of Impurity Transport in Ergodic Layer of LHD
Authors: Kobayashi M. , Feng Y. , Masuzaki S. , Morisaki T. , Ohyabu N. , Yamada H. , Komori A. , Motojima O. , LHD experimental Group  
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe impurity transport properties in the ergodic layer of LHD are analyzed by the 3D edge transport code as well as 1D simple model, which is used to illustrate the essential transport terms in the analysis. It is found that as the plasma density increases the edge surface layers, very edge region of the ergodic layer, enters friction dominant regime, resulting in impurity retention. It is considered that the cause for the retention is both temperature drop and the flow acceleration in the edge surface layers. The edge surface layers can provide effective retention of impurities coming from divertor as well as the first wall, because of the geometrical advantage of the edge region of LHD. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
0‐D Modeling of Fast Radiative Shutdown of Tokamak Discharges Following Massive Gas Injection
Authors: Hollmann E. M. , Parks P. B. , Scott H. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract0‐D modeling of fast radiative shutdowns of tokamak discharges following massive gas injection is presented. Realistic neutral deposition rates are used together with a 1‐D diffusive model to estimate impurity deposition into the plasma. Non‐coronal radiation rates including opacity are used, as are induced wall currents, wall impurity radiation, and neutral and neoclassical corrections to plasma resistivity. The 0‐D modeling is found to reproduce the shutdown timescale and free electron density rise seen in DIII‐D argon injection experiments well. Opacity, wall currents, and wall impurities can all have a significant (>10%) impact on simulated timescales. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Modeling of Behavior of Dust Made of Different Materials in Plasmas
Authors: Tanaka Y. , Pigarov A. Yu. , Smirnov R. D. , Krasheninnikov S. I. , Ohno N. , Uesugi Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBehavior of dust particles made of different materials such as Li, Be, B, C, Fe, Mo or W were simulated using the DUSTT code modified to treat transition between solid and liquid phases. The inherent properties of materials such as specific heat capacity, work function affecting electron emission, thermal radiation emissivity, etc. influence the dynamic behavior of dusts in plasmas. Using the modified DUSTT code, penetration of dust particles into core plasmas through SOL plasmas was numerically studied in realistic tokamak devices. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dendritic cells in colonic patches and iliac lymph nodes are essential in mucosal IgA induction following intrarectal administration via CCR7 interaction
Authors: Lee Ah‐Young , Chang Sun‐Young , Kim Jung‐Im , Cha Hye‐Ran , Jang Myoung Ho , Yamamoto Masafumi , Kweon Mi‐Na 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study examined dendritic cells (DC) following intrarectal (IR) vaccination with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Three rounds of IR vaccination with ovalbumin (OVA) and CT resulted in brisk levels of systemic and mucosal Ig responses. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that CD11c+ MHC class II+ cells accumulated primarily in the colonic patches (CP) and lamina propria of the large intestine (LI‐LP), iliac LN (ILN) and MLN following IR vaccination with CT. Adoptively transferred CFSE‐labeled OVA‐specific CD4+ T cells proliferated significantly, secreting predominantly Th1‐type cytokines in the CP (48 h after IR vaccination with CT) and Th2‐type cytokines in the ILN (96 h after IR vaccination with CT). Following three IR vaccinations, CP‐null mice that were generated by in utero treatment with anti‐IL‐7R Ab showed reduced levels of serum IgG and fecal IgA antibodies, suggesting a crucial role for CP in the initiation of systemic and mucosal immune responses. Of most interest, IR vaccination reduced IgA levels in fecal extracts significantly more in the CCR7–/– mice than in the wild‐type mice. These results indicate that IR vaccination primarily mobilizes CD11c+ cells in the CP and ILN to induce optimal mucosal immune responses by CCR7 interaction.
Recombinase‐deficient T cell development by selective accumulation of CD3 into lipid rafts
Authors: Ferrera Denise , Panigada Maddalena , Porcellini Simona , Grassi Fabio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe pre‐T cell receptor (pre‐TCR) promotes the development of thymocytes with productive rearrangement at the TCR β chain locus by signaling in a ligand‐independent fashion. The TCR β chain associates with the invariant pre‐Tα (pTα) chain, which bears specific charged residues in the extracellular portion mediating pre‐TCR self‐oligomerization. In recombinase‐deficient thymocytes, calnexin (CNX) associated with CD3 chains is inefficiently retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and weakly expressed in the plasma membrane. Deliberate cross‐linking of CNX/CD3 complexes mimics pre‐TCR signaling. Here, we show that, analogously to the pTα chain, surface CNX is palmitoylated and that CD3 prominently accumulated in lipid rafts upon cross‐linking. Mutant CNX isoforms devoid of ER retention determined pre‐TCR‐like signaling and simulated β selection only when stably translocating CD3 to lipid rafts. Inclusion of the palmitoylated cytoplasmic tail from the pTα chain in recombinant CNX strikingly improved the pre‐TCR‐like signaling efficiency of CNX/CD3 in rafts. This study indicates that lipid rafts in the plasma membrane represent proficient microdomains for the initiation of pre‐TCR signaling, and supports the view that β selection by oligomerized pre‐TCR is implemented by the pTα cytoplasmic tail.
Characterisation of murine MICL (CLEC12A) and evidence for an endogenous ligand
Authors: Pyż Elwira , Huysamen Cristal , Marshall Andrew S. J. , Gordon Siamon , Taylor Philip R. , Brown Gordon D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInhibitory receptors are required for the control of cellular activation and they play essential roles in regulating homeostasis and immunity. We previously identified a human inhibitory C‐type lectin‐like receptor, MICL (CLEC12A), a heavily glycosylated monomer predominantly expressed on myeloid cells. Here we characterise the murine homolog of MICL (mMICL), and demonstrate that the receptor is structurally and functionally similar to the human orthologue (hMICL), although there are some notable differences. mMICL is expressed as a dimer and is not heavily glycosylated; however, like hMICL, the receptor can recruit inhibitory phosphatases upon activation, and is down‐regulated on leukocytes following stimulation with selected TLR agonists. Using novel monoclonal antibodies, we demonstrate that, like the human receptor, mMICL is predominantly expressed by myeloid cells. However, mMICL is also expressed by B cells and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood, and NK cells in the bone marrow. Finally, we show that mMICL recognises an endogenous ligand in a variety of murine tissues, suggesting that the receptor plays a role in homeostasis.
Nanoscale actuation of electrokinetic flows on thermoreversible surfaces
Authors: Paumier Guillaume , Sudor Jan , Gue Anne‐Marie , Vinet Françoise , Li Meng , Chabal Yves J. , Estève Alain , Djafari‐Rouhani Mehdi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report on a novel approach for controlling nanohydrodynamic properties at the solid–liquid interfaces through the use of stimuli‐responding polymer coatings. The end‐tethered polymers undergo a phase separation upon external activation. The reversible change in the thickness and polarity of the grafted polymers yields in a dynamic control of the surface‐generated, electrokinetic phenomena. Nonactivated, swollen polymers are thicker than the electrical double layer (EDL) and prohibit the development of an EOF even on charged surfaces. On the other hand, activated polymer chains shrink and become thinner than the EDL and allow for the EOF to build up unimpeded. We show here that, for given experimental conditions, the EOF velocity on the shrunken surface is 35 times greater than the one on the nonactivated surface. Furthermore, we reveal that coupling of such surfaces with dense arrays of thermal actuators developed in our laboratory can lead to novel micro‐ and nanofluidic devices.
Erythropoietin ameliorates chemotherapy‐induced fibrosis of the lungs in a preclinical murine model
Authors: Sigounas George , Salleng Kenneth J. , Mehlhop Paul D. , Sigounas Dimitri G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOrgan toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs is a serious obstacle in the effective treatment of patients suffering from cancer and autoimmune disease. A strong association exists between pulmonary toxicity, particularly fibrosis, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Attempts have been made to identify compounds capable of suppressing fibrosis. In addition to its erythropoietic activity, erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to have effects on nonhemopoietic cells. Therefore, we postulated that EPO may exert beneficial effects on lung tissue during chemotherapy. To test our hypothesis, we investigated pulmonary changes caused by bleomycin, a fibrosis‐inducing agent, in animals treated with the drug alone and in combination with EPO. Fibrosis, cellular alterations and structural changes were assayed by blind analysis of the lung sections. A 6‐fold decrease in the number of prominent endothelial cells—suspected to be indicative of cellular activation and inflammatory response—was observed in lung sections derived from mice treated with bleomycin and EPO compared to animals injected with bleomycin alone (p< 0.008). Additionally, there was twice the number of ICAM1‐positive endothelial cells in animals treated with bleomycin alone compared with the number in the bleomycin and EPO‐treated group (p< 0.05). Alveolar mononuclear phagocytic hyperplasia was reduced by as much as 100% in animals treated with bleomycin and EPO compared to animals treated with bleomycin alone (p< 0.03). Finally, a 5‐fold decrease in interstitial fibrosis was observed in lung sections obtained from animals treated with bleomycin and EPO (p< 0.02). We conclude that EPO can ameliorate drug‐induced fibrosis and endothelial damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of diagnosis of immunoglobulin a nephropathy prior to renal biopsy and correlation with urinary sediment findings and prognostic grading
Authors: Nakayama Kazutaka , Ohsawa Isao , Maeda‐Ohtani Atsuko , Murakoshi Maki , Horikoshi Satoshi , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeveral clinical markers correlate well with the diagnosis and prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In the present study, we re‐evaluated the usefulness of these four clinical markers for prediction of the diagnosis of patients with IgAN through a comparison between many more patients with IgAN and those with other types of renal diseases. 364 patients with IgAN and 289 with other types of renal disease were examined. An analysis was performed prior to renal biopsy, using clinical markers including, serum IgA, serum IgA/C3 ratio, number of red blood cells in urinary sediments, and urinary protein. Patients with IgAN were divided into four groups according to histopathological findings. Presence of microscopic hematuria, persistent proteinuria, high serum IgA levels, and the serum IgA/C3 ratios are useful for prediction of diagnosis of IgAN and distinguishing it from other renal diseases. Blood pressure, urinary protein, serum uric acid, renal function, and urinary sediment findings may be useful for prediction of prognostic grading in patients with IgAN. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:114–118, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and significance of serum protein markers of small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Mingyong , Liu Qi , Yu Jiekai , Zheng Shu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCurrently, no satisfactory biomarkers are available to screen for small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC). We applied a surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF MS) ProteinChip system to detect 150 serum samples (including 54 SCLC patients, 24 non‐small cell lung cancer [NSCLC] patients, 32 pneumonia patients, and 40 healthy individuals). The spectra data were analyzed by support vector machine (SVM) and potential biomarkers were chosen for the system training and used to construct diagnostic model. Pattern 1, constructed of four protein peaks with mass/charge (m/z) of 4,293 Da, 4,612 Da, 6,455 Da, and 7,582 Da, separated SCLC patients from the healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 85.7%. This pattern performed significantly better than the current marker, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) (P<0.05). Pattern 2, constructed of protein peaks with mass/charge (m/z) of 2,764 Da and 1,7368 Da, separated SCLC from pneumonia with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 91.7%. Pattern 3, constructed of another three protein peaks with m/z of 3,912 Da, 7,562 Da, and 13,777 Da, separated SCLC from NSCLC. The sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively. These results suggested that SELDI‐TOF MS combined with support vector machine yields significantly higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of serum protein of SCLC. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:131–137, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gamma heavy chain disease in a patient with diabetes and chronic renal insufficiency: diagnostic assessment of the heavy chain fragment
Authors: Lee Maria Teresa , Parwani Anil , Humphrey Richard , Hamilton Robert G. , Myers Donna I. , Detrick Barbara 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHeavy chain diseases are rare B‐cell disorders that are characterized by an overproduction of abnormal and structurally incomplete monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains and are devoid of light chains. We describe a case of a 62 year‐old African‐American woman with a long history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and subsequent probable diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and recent onset of peripheral neuropathy involving all extremities. Routine laboratory testing revealed a distinct beta spike by urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP). No serum abnormality was noted on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). Serum and urine immunofixation demonstrated an IgG heavy chain protein devoid of any corresponding light chains. IgG subclasses identified IgG1 as the predominant IgG component but when we added all the subclasses, the sum, 683.4 mg/dL, failed to come close to our total IgG of 1,770 mg/dL. Therefore, a urine IgG subclass determination was performed in‐house and we identified a subclass 3 gamma chain. In conclusion, we portray a patient with an underlying monoclonal gamma heavy chain disease (HCD) who presented with a complex medical history. The evaluation of IgG subclasses in the context of a HCD may be limited by the capability of the test to recognize the particular IgG fragment. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:146–150, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of four methods for assessing natural helping ability
Authors: Stahl Jessica V. , Hill Clara E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe current study was designed to compare four possible methods of identifying natural helpers: a self‐report measure of natural helping ability, ratings by others of helping ability based on two 10‐minute helping sessions, self‐report on measures assessing theoretically‐derived constructs related to natural helping, and a self‐report of intent to pursue a helping career. On the basis of a correlational analysis, we found the most support for the self‐report measure of natural helping ability and intent to pursue a helping career. Implications for research and training are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What is an empowerment approach to working with sexual assault survivors?
Authors: Ullman Sarah E. , Townsend Stephanie M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis exploratory study sought to better understand what constitutes the empowerment approach used by rape crisis advocates working with sexual assault survivors. A grounded theory, qualitative, semistructured interview study was conducted of rape victim advocates (N=25) working in rape crisis centers in a large metropolitan area. Several characteristics were described as reflecting an empowerment orientation or approach to work with survivors, some of which were specifically described as a “feminist” empowerment approach. Implications for research and practice are drawn. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of job demands and low job control on work–family conflict: the role of fairness in decision making and management
Authors: Heponiemi Tarja , Elovainio Marko , Pekkarinen Laura , Sinervo Timo , Kouvonen Anne 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study examined whether perceptions of organizational fairness (the procedural and interactional components) were able to diminish the negative effects of high job demands and low job control on the balance between work and family. The study participants were 713 women working in long‐term care for elderly people in Finland. The results showed that high job demands, low job control, and unfair decision making were associated with high levels of time‐based work interference with family (WIF). Perceptions of organizational fairness were found to partially mediate the association between job control and WIF. In addition, fair treatment and management protected against WIF when demands were low but were unable to buffer against the negative effects of high job demands. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of partial filling MEKC analyses of steroids with use of ESI‐MS and UV spectrophotometry
Authors: Amundsen Lotta K. , Kokkonen Juha T. , Sirén Heli 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUntil now, partial filling micellar EKC–ESI‐MS (PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS) has seldom been applied for human biomolecules. In this study, determination of three electrically neutral endogenous steroid hormones, namely androstenedione, testosterone, and epitestosterone, by PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS was investigated. Since ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS behaviors of testosterone and epitestosterone proved to be nearly identical, efficient separation of the two compounds was required to obtain reliable identification. The chemical conditions as well as the instrumental parameters affecting the PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS analysis were researched. In optimal conditions, ESI‐MS showed excellent selectivity, and all the steroids could be identified using SIM. LODs were 0.75–5 μg/mL. The results obtained by PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS were compared with those obtained by corresponding PF‐MEKC–UV. PF‐MEKC–UV provided better resolution, repeatability, and more than ten‐fold higher sensitivity, in terms of LODs, than PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS. The reasons for this were carefully examined. In comparison with PF‐MEKC–UV, PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS suffered from greater band broadening owing to the sheath–liquid interface. Resolution was also decreased owing to the elevated capillary temperature. Finally, we discovered that in the analysis of electrically neutral compounds, in‐capillary sample concentration by micellar sweeping could be more efficiently utilized in PF‐MEKC–UV than in PF‐MEKC–ESI‐MS.
Biodegradable Nanoparticles of Partially Methylated Fungal Poly(β‐L‐malic acid) as a Novel Protein Delivery Carrier
Authors: Portilla‐Arias José A. , García‐Alvarez Montserrat , Galbis Juan A. , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe preparation of nanoparticles from 75% methylated poly(β‐L‐malic acid) is described. Their degradation in aqueous environments was examined and the influence of pH and lipase on the rate of hydrolysis was evaluated. Six proteins were used to estimate the loading efficiency of the nanoparticles. The amount of protein retained in the nanoparticles was found to depend on the acid/basic character of the protein. Protein release from the loaded nanoparticles upon incubation in water under physiological conditions encompassed polymer hydrolysis and happened steadily within 3–10 d. The activity loss of entrapped α‐chymotrypsin caused by loading and releasing depended on the method used for loading.magnified image