bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting for vessel avoidance in acoustic-abundance estimates for herring
Authors: Hjellvik Vidar , Handegard Nils Olav , Ona Egil 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHjellvik, V., Handegard, N. O., and Ona, E. 2008. Correcting for vessel avoidance in acoustic-abundance estimates for herring. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1036–1045. When a research vessel passes over a school or layer of herring (Clupea harengus), the fish may avoid the vessel by swimming downwards and horizontally. If the orientation of the fish is changed in this process, the mean target strength may also be altered. Consequently, the echo abundance measured by the relatively narrow echosounder beam does not always reflect the true density of the school in the undisturbed situation. This avoidance behaviour has been quantified in several experiments where a stationary, submerged transducer has been used to measure the changes in echo abundance during the passage of a survey vessel. Two approaches for correcting the echo abundance for avoidance are presented. The first is to correct in each depth layer separately, but this does not account for diving during vessel passage. The second is to correct the total echo abundance based on the mean depth of the fish at passage. Generalized linear models are fitted to the experimental data in both approaches. The parameters are estimated with uncertainty, which is taken into account when the fitted models are used for correcting standard survey data. The models were fitted to data from various experiments conducted during the period 1996–2004. The avoidance response differed strongly between experiments, indicating that correction factors estimated from one specific experiment should not be used uncritically in a standard correction procedure.
Phytophthora Rot of Soybean
Authors: Schmitthenner A. F. 
Published: May 2008

Phytophthora root and stem rot may cause plant stand losses and complete yield reductions in very susceptible soybean cultivars. The severity of losses depends on cultivar susceptibility, rainfall, soil type, tillage, and compaction. Soybean is the only important host of the causal fungus. Integrated control, which combines high tolerance, improved drainage, and tillage, is as effective as resistance or fungicides in most soil environments. Posted 1 June 2000.
Races of Phytophthora sojae on Soybean in Illinois
Authors: Leitz R. A. , Hartman G. L. , Pedersen W. L. , Nickell C. D. 
Published: May 2008

Phytophthora root rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), caused by Phytophthora sojae M. J. Kauffmann & J. W. Gerdemann, has been isolated throughout the soybean-producing regions of the United States. Posted 3 June 2000.
Botrytis Blight of Flowering Potted Plants
Authors: Daughtrey Margery L. , Wick Robert L. , Peterson Joseph L. 
Published: May 2008

Botrytis blight is very common in greenhouse crops. Control of B. cinerea is challenging because of its abilities to survive as a saprophyte, rapidly invade host tissues, and quickly produce abundant conidia. Sanitation alone is not sufficient for minimizing losses. A management program should focus on prevention and combine environmental management, cultural practices, and fungicides. Posted 5 June 2000.
First Report of Gray Leaf Spot on Perennial Ryegrass in Indiana
Authors: Harmon P. , Rane K. , Ruhl G. , Latin R. 
Published: May 2008

Pyricularia grisea, the causal agent of gray leaf spot on turfgrass, was isolated from symptomatic perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) leaves collected from a golf course in north-central Indiana in August 1999. Gray leaf spot is an emerging threat to stands of perennial ryegrass in the mid-Atlantic and Midwestern United States. Posted 7 June 2000.
Take-all Disease on Wheat, Barley, and Oats
Authors: Mathre D. E. 
Published: May 2008

This diagnostic guide is on Take-all Disease on Wheat, Barley, and Oats, by: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) causes disease in wheat and barley, G. graminis var. avena causes disease in oats, and G. graminis var. graminis causes disease in grasses. Accepted for publication 30 May 2000. Published 23 June 2000.
New Growth Regulator Herbicide Provides Excellent Control of Yellow Starthistle
Authors: DiTomaso J. M. , Kyser G. B. , Orloff S. B. , Enloe S. F. , Nader G. A. 
Published: May 2008

Yellow starthistle is the most widespread invasive weed in California. An exotic that invaded California in the Gold Rush days, starthistle was once a minor annoyance but is now out of control. One reason is that few herbicides are registered for use on California rangelands, pastures and wildlands. Of the registered herbicides, the majority are effective only when applied to the foliage of target plants; season-long control of yellow starthistle is not provided because seedlings that emerge after application of the herbicide escape injury. In a comparison of herbicides, the newly registered herbicide clopyralid provided excellent control at low use rates and worked equally well whether applied to leaves or to soil to control germinating seedlings. In soil, it showed residual activity throughout the season. Complete yellow starthistle control was achieved with applications made from December through April, but treatments in February maximized desirable forage production, particularly grasses. Late-season applications of glyphosate and clopyralid were effective for control of starthistle plants in late rosette and bolting stages. Posted 26 June 2000.
Glassy-Winged Sharpshooters Expected to Increase Plant Disease
Authors: Purcell Alexander H. , Saunders Stuart R. 
Published: May 2008

As it moves through California, the new pest known as glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) may significantly increase the spread of plant diseases caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. The bacterium causes Pierce's disease of grapevines, almond leaf scorch and the newly recognized oleander leaf scorch disease. Currently, almond leaf scorch is a minor problem for California's almonds, but if GWSS becomes established in significant numbers in or near almond orchards, it might increase the incidence of almond leaf scorch. Our studies show that GWSS and two other sharpshooter species can transmit X. fastidiosa from diseased oleanders to healthy oleanders. GWSS also can transmit Pierce's disease strains of the bacterium from grapevine to grapevine and to almond trees. The oleander strain of the bacterium did not infect grapevines, but the ability of GWSS to transmit Pierce's disease strains may increase the spread of this lethal grapevine disease in vineyards bordering citrus orchards or other habitats where invading GWSS may establish permanent populations. Posted 27 December 2000.
Phytoplasma Casts a Magic Spell that Turns the Fair Poinsettia into a Christmas Showpiece
Authors: Lee Ing-Ming 
Published: May 2008

The poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild, is a tropical plant indigenous to Mesoamerica and tropical Mexico. The subtle interactions between a phytoplasma and poinsettia result in dwarfing and moderate branching growth habits, which happen to be traits that poinsettia growers desire. Technically, free-branching is a disease symptom in poinsettias, but the poinsettia phytoplasma is beneficial to growers. Accepted for publication 6 September 2000. Published 14 September 2000.
Beyond Jurassic Park: Real Science with Ancient DNA
Authors: McCluskey Kevin 
Published: May 2008

A symposium (Beyond Jurassic Park: Accessing Genetic Information Hidden in Herbaria and Archival Plant, Microbe, and Insect Specimens) held at the 1998 American Phytopathological Society's annual meeting looked at how phytopathologists and entomologists are applying the techniques developed to investigate ancient DNA to questions relevant to these disciplines. Accepted for publication 27 September 2000. Published 19 October 2000.
Mature Watermelon Vine Decline: A Disease of Unknown Etiology in Southwestern Indiana
Authors: Egel Daniel S. , Rane Karen , Martyn Ray D. 
Published: May 2008

Mature watermelon vine decline (MWVD), a disease of unknown etiology, has occurred sporadically in southwestern Indiana since the mid 1980s. In 2000 the disease was especially severe, affecting more than 50% of the area planted to watermelon and resulting in yield losses of 20%. Accepted for publication 20 December 2000. Published 27 December 2000.
Eutypa Dieback of Grapevine and Apricot
Authors: Munkvold Gary P. 
Published: May 2008

Eutypa dieback, whose primary economic hosts are Vitis L. spp. (grapevine) and Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot), is caused by the following pathogen: Eutypa lata (Pers:Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. (=Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & Carter); its anamorph is Libertella blepharis A.L. Sm. (=Cytosporina Sacc. sp.). This article covers taxonomy, symptoms and signs on grapevine and apricot, host range, geographical distribution, isolation, identification, storage, and pathogenicity tests. Accepted for publication 13 February 2001. Published 19 February 2001.
Development of Management Strategies for Hop Powdery Mildew in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Turechek William W. , Mahaffee Walter F. , Ocamb Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2008

Hop powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca macularis, was first discovered in the Yakima Valley of Washington in 1997 and has since become the most serious disease of hop (Humulus lupus) in the Pacific Northwest. Lack of understanding of the epidemiology of S. macularis has made it difficult to develop sound management practices. Results from our field and laboratory studies suggest that control measures applied early in the growing season are probably the most important in shaping the epidemic in a particular field and that late season control measures may not need to be applied at the same intensity as in early to mid-season. Accepted for publication 9 March 2001. Published 13 March 2001.
A Survey of Viruses Infecting Alfalfa in Ohio
Authors: Nameth Stephen G. P. , Rhodes Landon H. , Luque-Williams Magally 
Published: May 2008

This report describes a survey of the alfalfa-growing areas in Ohio in an effort to identify the viruses present in alfalfa and their frequency. Results indicate that approximately 75% of the alfalfa samples tested were infected with either AMV and/or RCVMV. This is the first report of these viruses in Ohio alfalfa. Accepted for publication 25 May 2001. Published 5 June 2001.
The Impact of Plant Diseases on World Chocolate Production
Authors: Bowers John H. , Bailey Bryan A. , Hebbar Prakash K. , Sanogo Soumaila , Lumsden Robert D. 
Published: May 2008

Many factors contribute to a decline in production of cocoa beans worldwide. Plant diseases such as black pod, witches' broom, and frosty pod rot are major components of the decline in production. Plant pathologists and microbiologists must discover and devise means to reduce disease losses and to save chocolate for the enthusiastic consumers of the world. This review discusses the major disease of cacao and their effect on world production. Accepted for publication 14 June 2001. Published 9 July 2001.
Detection of Tobacco streak virus isolates in North American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.)
Authors: Jones A. Teifion , McGavin Wendy J. , Dolan Alison 
Published: May 2008

In tests on nine cranberry cultivars imported into Scotland from the USA, two cultivars, Pilgrim and AJ, were found infected with Tobacco streak virus (TSV). Three distinct isolates of this virus were detected in this infected material and were distinguished by their infection of, and reactions in, different herbaceous test plants. This is the first report of natural infection with TSV in Vaccinium species and the first characterised virus reported in cranberry. As TSV is seed and pollen transmitted in many hosts, care should be taken to test plants before propagation or when using as parents in plant breeding programs. Accepted for publication 9 July 2001. Published 17 July 2001.
Can Risk Analysis “Colorize” the Black and White of Transgenic Crops?
Authors: Marvier Michelle 
Published: May 2008

Scientifically-based risk analysis of transgenic crops might help this new technology to develop along paths most beneficial to society. After briefly reviewing the state of agricultural biotechnology, I focus on the ecological risks of genetically engineered crop plants. I suggest how better risk analysis could promote a more rational discussion regarding biotechnology. Accepted for publication 27 August 2001. Published 31 August 2001.
Managing Bacterial Speck and Spot of Tomato with Acibenzolar-S-Methyl in Virginia
Authors: Graves A. S. , Alexander S. A. 
Published: May 2008

On the Eastern Shore of Virginia, copper compounds, which have been used for controlling bacterial disease on tomato, have been associated with pesticide run-off from commercial tomato production with copper toxicity causing losses in clam nurseries. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate a replacement for copper that was safer for the environment and could provide effective management of bacterial diseases of tomato. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard 50 WG), a plant activator that induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR), was compared to the standard bactericide (copper hydroxide + mancozeb) for controlling Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Plots were established in grower fields in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Acibenzolar-S-methyl, at a rate of 10.5-g a.i./ha was equal to or better than the standard copper-based bactericide for controlling bacterial speck and spot, with no adverse affect on yield. Replacing copper with acibenzolar-S-methyl would effectively eliminate the need for copper bactericides. In environmentally sensitive areas where copper toxicity can be a problem, acibenzolar-S-methyl can providean effective alternative for the management of bacterial speck and bacterial spot on tomato. Accepted for publication 26 January 2002. Published 20 February 2002.
Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Research, Commercialization, and Application in the USA
Authors: Gardener Brian B. McSpadden , Fravel Deborah R. 
Published: May 2008

In a narrow sense, biocontrol suppresses pest organisms with other organisms. However, the multiple interactions among organisms and their environment can contribute to effective biological control. Future prospects for using biological control of plant pathogens in both conventional and organic agriculture are described. Accepted for publication 3 May 2002. Published 10 May 2002.
Toxicity of Indian Mustard and Allyl Isothiocyanate to Masked Chafer Beetle Larvae
Authors: Noble Ryan R. P. , Harvey Stephanie G. , Sams Carl E. 
Published: May 2008

Alternatives for control of soil-inhabiting pests are needed due to the phase-out of methyl bromide. One possible alternative is using the pesticidal properties of compounds released by macerated Brassica tissues. In this study, larvae of masked chafer beetles (Cyclocephala spp.) were placed in soil amended with Brassica juncea L. (PI 458934) tissue. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) levels were positively correlated to larval mortality, with the 8% B. juncea treatment resulting in 100% larval mortality with an average AITC concentration of 11.4 mg per liter of soil atmosphere. Although B. juncea produces high levels of AITC, the mass of tissue required for significant insecticidal activity against Cyclocephala spp. also is high, between 4 and 8% of soil mass for this plant accession. Accepted for publication 23 May 2002. Published 10 June 2002.
Citrus Canker: The Pathogen and Its Impact
Authors: Gottwald Tim R. , Graham James H. , Schubert Tim S. 
Published: May 2008

The U.S. has seen an increase in introductions of invasive plant pests into agricultural crops. In Florida, one such invasive species is a bacterial plant pathogen that causes Asiatic citrus canker. Its eradication has received considerable press attention and legal challenges, has produced far-reaching political and socioeconomic impact in Florida, and has implications for national and international trade. Accepted for publication 17 July 2002. Published 12 August 2002.
Phytophthora Blight on Pumpkin
Authors: Babadoost Mohammad , Islam Sayed Z. 
Published: May 2008

P. capsici can strike cucurbit plants at any stage of growth. The infection usually appears first in low areas of the fields where soil remains wet longer. The pathogen infects seedlings, vines, leaves, and fruit. Phytophthora damping-off may result in partial to total loss of the crop. Accepted for publication 18 November 2002. Published 16 December 2002.
Natural Occurrence of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea rileyi in the Soybean Green Semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta, in India
Authors: Gupta Ved Prakash 
Published: May 2008

Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects lepidopteran larvae. The fungus was observed in populations of the soybean green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta, in the humid Southeastern Plain Zone of Rajasthan, India, in 2001. Accepted for publication 16 December 2002. Published 13 January 2003.
Effect of Diseases on Soybean Yields in the United States and Ontario (1999 to 2002)
Authors: Wrather J. A. , Koenning S. R. , Anderson T. R. 
Published: May 2008

Soybean yields in the U.S. and Ontario have often been suppressed by diseases. The resulting losses are important to rural economies and to the economies of allied industries in urban areas. The authors compiled estimates of soybean yield losses due to diseases for each soybean producing state in the U.S. and Ontario from 1999 to 2002. The goal was to provide this information to help funding agencies and scientists prioritize research objectives and budgets. Accepted for publication 4 March 2003. Published 25 March 2003.
First Report on the Incidence of Mixed Infections of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in Tobacco Grown in Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia
Authors: Martínez-Ochoa N. , Csinos A. S. , Whitty E. B. , Johnson A. W. , Parrish M. J. 
Published: May 2008

Tomato spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) continues to be a serious disease problem on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in the southeastern United States. Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV, formerly known as TSWV-I) is an emerging virus found mostly in greenhouse production of ornamentals and is also vectored by thrips. A few years ago INSV was detected in peanut in Georgia and Texas and its occurrence appears to be increasing). Mixed infections of TSWV and INSV in tobacco have been observed within the last two years in North Carolina and Kentucky. Our objective was to sample several locations in Georgia, Florida, South Carolina and Virginia to confirm and report the presence of natural TSWV and INSV mixed infections in tobacco. Accepted for publication 14 March 2003. Published 17 April 2003.
Spatial Patterns of Fusarium Head Blight in New York Wheat Fields Suggest Role of Airborne Inoculum
Authors: Del Ponte Emerson M. , Shah Denis A. , Bergstrom Gary C. 
Published: May 2008

The spatial pattern of Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence was studied in 70 winter wheat fields in New York over a period of 3 years. Incidence of FHB was randomly distributed among 60 sampling areas in 64 of the 70 fields. Fields with random FHB ranged from 0.05 to 23% in average incidence of FHB and followed bean, cabbage, corn, oat, pea, sorghum, and soybean. There was strong evidence of aggregation in FHB only in three fields that had large concentrations of corn debris. Many fields had small, scattered fragments of corn debris in evidence from a corn crop two or more years prior to wheat. The lack of aggregation in FHB and low incidences of FHB in these fields suggests that weathered corn debris contributed relatively little within-field inoculum for FHB. Based on the predominantly random patterns of FHB, disease in rotational wheat fields of New York appears to be initiated primarily by deposition of spores from diffuse atmospheric populations of G. zeae. We hypothesize that these airborne spores may originate largely from inoculum sources external to wheat fields. Over-wintered corn residue, especially from the preceding crop season, on the soil surface is the most likely potential source of regional atmospheric inoculum for FHB in New York. Accepted for publication 10 March 2003. Published 18 April 2003.
Chile Pepper and The Threat of Wilt Diseases
Authors: Sanogo Soum 
Published: May 2008

The popularity of chile peppers is providing a boost to the chile industry, but production is increasingly constrained by chile plant diseases. This article briefly describes four diseases that lead to wilting in chile: Phytophthora root rot, Verticillium wilt, Rhizoctonia root rot, and Fusarium wilt. Accepted for publication 18 April 2003. Published 30 April 2003.
First Report of Downy Mildew of Chives Caused by Peronospora destructor in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Glawe Dean A. 
Published: May 2008

Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is one of the specialty crops grown by farmers in the Puget Sound region of Washington State. In September, 2002, downy mildew symptoms were observed in a 0.2 hectare field planting of chive near Fall City, King County, WA. Downy mildew had not been reported previously on chive in the Pacific Northwest. Accepted for publication 15 April 2003. Published 12 May 2003.
Wilt of Radish Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani in Washington State
Authors: du Toit L. J. , Pelter G. Q. 
Published: May 2008

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed crops in Washington may annually produce up to 70% of the US and up to 40% of the world supply of radish seed. In May and June 2002, severe symptoms of wilting and dieback were observed in a radish stock seed crop in the Columbia Basin of central Washington. Examination of the roots revealed a dark vascular discoloration and root rot, as well as cabbage maggot (Delia radicum L.) larvae with associated feeding injury. Because of the potential for widespread dissemination of seedborne pathogens, research is needed to determine whether F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani can be seedborne in radish. Accepted for publication 12 May 2003. Published 16 June 2003.
Detecting Orobanche minor Seeds in Soil Using PCR
Authors: Patzoldt Megan E. , Chen Weidong , Diers Brian W. 
Published: May 2008

A new set of soybean accessions from south-central China were added to the USDA germplasm collection in 1996. Previous studies have shown that accessions with high levels of resistance to brown stem rot (BSR) can be found in germplasm collected from central and southern China. The objective of this study was to screen these accessions and identify those with resistance to BSR. In a preliminary study, 85 of 623 accessions tested were identified as resistant to BSR. In the second study, these 85 accessions were challenged with multiple biotypes of Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae to identify those accessions with the strongest resistance. From these two studies, ten accessions were identified that had BSR resistance equal to or greater than the current resistant sources. Accepted for publication 10 June 2003. Published 1 July 2003.
Sudden Oak Death and Associated Diseases Caused by Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: Davidson J. M. , Werres S. , Garbelotto M. , Hansen E. M. , Rizzo D. M. 
Published: May 2008

Diagnosis of Sudden Oak Death, ramorum leaf blight, and ramorum shoot dieback on a wide variety of hosts are discussed in detail, including the symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geographic distribution, as well as methods of isolation, identification, and storage of Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen which causes Sudden Oak Death. Accepted for publication 6 June 2003. Published 7 July 2003.