bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorials: Comparison of Proposed Alternative Methods for Rescaling Dialysis Dose: Resting Energy Expenditure, High Metabolic Rate Organ Mass, Liver Size, and Body Surface Area
Authors: Daugirdas John T. , Levin Nathan W. , Kotanko Peter , Depner Thomas A. , Kuhlmann Martin K. , Chertow Glenn M. , Rocco Michael V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA number of denominators for scaling the dose of dialysis have been proposed as alternatives to the urea distribution volume (V). These include resting energy expenditure (REE), mass of high metabolic rate organs (HMRO), visceral mass, and body surface area. Metabolic rate is an unlikely denominator as it varies enormously among humans with different levels of activity and correlates poorly with the glomerular filtration rate. Similarly, scaling based on HMRO may not be optimal, as many organs with high metabolic rates such as spleen, brain, and heart are unlikely to generate unusually large amounts of uremic toxins. Visceral mass, in particular the liver and gut, has potential merit as a denominator for scaling; liver size is related to protein intake and the liver, along with the gut, is known to be responsible for the generation of suspected uremic toxins. Surface area is time‐honored as a scaling method for glomerular filtration rate and scales similarly to liver size. How currently recommended dialysis doses might be affected by these alternative rescaling methods was modeled by applying anthropometric equations to a large group of dialysis patients who participated in the HEMO study. The data suggested that rescaling to REE would not be much different from scaling to V. Scaling to HMRO mass would mandate substantially higher dialysis doses for smaller patients of either gender. Rescaling to liver mass would require substantially more dialysis for women compared with men at all levels of body size. Rescaling to body surface area would require more dialysis for smaller patients of either gender and also more dialysis for women of any size. Of these proposed alternative rescaling measures, body surface area may be the best, because it reflects gender‐based scaling of liver size and thereby the rate of generation of uremic toxins.
Validation of an automated immunoglobulin G–only cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody screening assay and an assessment of the risk of transfusion transmitted CMV from seronegative blood
Authors: Seed Clive R. , Piscitelli Lisa M. , Maine Gregory T. , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Doherty Kathleen , Stricker Reto , Stricker René , Iriarte Beimar , Patel Chandu 
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody donor screening assays have predominantly included both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection. However, since in the majority of cases both CMV IgG and IgM are detected concomitantly during early seroconversion, CMV assays based only on IgG are now widely applied for donor screening.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The performance of an automated microparticle CMV IgG assay (Abbott AxSYM CMV IgG microparticle enzyme immunoassay [MEIA]) was compared with an established total antibody blood screening assay (Abbott CMV Total AB EIA). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using 5050 random blood donors and 13 seroconversion panels. A risk analysis was undertaken to estimate the residual risk of transfusion‐transmitted CMV (TT‐CMV) from presumptive seronegative blood components.RESULTS: The EIA achieved marginally (but not significantly) better resolved sensitivity (100%) than the AxSYM IgG assay (99.93%). The AxSYM IgG resolved specificity (99.34%) was superior to the EIA (96.4%). This superiority was maintained (98.61%) when a modified cutoff was applied to the AxSYM IgG assay to achieve 100 percent resolved sensitivity. The seroconversion sensitivities of the EIA and the AxSYM IgG were equivalent, detecting the same bleed as positive in the majority of the seroconversion panels tested. The median TT‐CMV residual risk estimate for the two assays was approximately 1 in 66,000 (range, 42,000‐165,000).CONCLUSION: The AxSYM IgG MEIA is suitable for blood donor screening and was optimized by applying a modified cutoff of 9 AU per mL. The modeling predicts that implementing the AxSYM IgG assay would not negatively impact the already very low risk of TT‐CMV associated with seronegative blood components in Australia.
Measurement of phosphatidylserine exposure during storage of platelet concentrates using the novel probe lactadherin: a comparison study with annexin V
Authors: Albanyan Abdul‐Majeed , Murphy Michael F. , Rasmussen Jan T. , Heegaard Christian W. , Harrison Paul 
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Annexin V binding to platelets (PLTs) is considered the gold standard for monitoring phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. However, recent comparison of annexin V with the new calcium‐independent PS probe lactadherin revealed that annexin V requires a certain threshold of PS exposure (2%‐8%) for binding to occur. The aim of this study was to compare annexin V and lactadherin labeling of PLTs in PLT concentrates (PCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Optimal labeling conditions for lactadherin and annexin V were established and then compared in either resting or calcium ionophore (CI)‐activated PLTs from normal whole blood. Furthermore, 40 PCs (20 apheresis‐derived and 20 pooled buffy coat–derived) were stored under standard blood bank conditions and PLT activation was monitored by measuring PS exposure with annexin V and lactadherin along with CD42b, CD61, and CD62P by flow cytometry on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7.RESULTS: Lactadherin reported a higher exposure of PS than did annexin V in normal PLTs at submaximal doses of CI. PLTs from both types of concentrate, as expected, demonstrated evidence of increased activation during storage using annexin V, lactadherin, CD42b, or CD62P. However, a significantly higher percentage of PS‐positive PLTs was found with lactadherin than annexin V.CONCLUSION: PS exposure on the surface of stored PLTs has been previously underestimated due to the wide use of annexin V. Lactadherin provides a truer reflection of the degree of PS exposure and offers a new calcium‐independent approach to studying PLT activation and/or apoptosis.
Identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non‐B subtypes and antiretroviral drug–resistant strains in United States blood donors
Authors: Brennan Catherine A. , Stramer Susan L. , Holzmayer Vera , Yamaguchi Julie , Foster Greg A. , Notari IV Edward P. , Schochetman Gerald , Devare Sushil G. 
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: In this study, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)‐infected blood donors were evaluated for genetic subtype and drug resistance to determine the prevalence of divergent HIV strains in the US donor population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Subtype was determined by phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences amplified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The drug resistance profile of the protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes was determined using an HIV‐1 genotyping system (ViroSeq).RESULTS: From 1999 through 2005, 26 recently infected donors, defined as HIV‐1 RNA–positive, antibody‐negative (RNA+/Ab−), were identified (yield, 1:1.61 million). Over the same period, the frequency of anti‐HIV–positive donors was 1:34,700. Twenty RNA+/Ab− specimens were evaluated; all were infected with HIV‐1 subtype B. Drug resistance profiles obtained for 18 donors identified one strain with protease mutation L90M that confers resistance to nelfinavir and one with RT mutation Y188H that confers resistance to nevirapine. Genetic subtype was determined for 44 of 46 HIV antibody–reactive and confirmed‐positive (Ab+) specimens. Three infections (6.8%) were due to circulating recombinant forms: 2 CRF01_AE and 1 CRF02_AG. In the Ab+ group, one strain was resistant to all nucleoside RT inhibitors and one had mutations that confer resistance to protease inhibitors.CONCLUSION: The data show that antiretroviral drug–resistant HIV strains are being transmitted in the United States. Overall 6.5 percent (4 of 62) of HIV‐1–infected donors harbored drug‐resistant strains. HIV‐1 non‐B strains accounted for 4.7 percent (3 of 64) of the infections in donors. HIV‐1 subtype B is still the predominant strain in the United States; however, non‐B strains are increasing.
CD34+ cell responsiveness to stromal cell–derived factor‐1α underlies rate of engraftment after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Marquez‐Curtis Leah A. , Turner A. Robert , Larratt Loree M. , Letcher Brenda , Lee Siow F. , Janowska‐Wieczorek Anna 
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)‐1, a chemokine produced in the bone marrow (BM), is essential for the homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to the BM after transplantation. This study examines whether there is a correlation between the in vitro chemotaxis of CD34+ HSPC toward an SDF‐1 gradient and in vivo hematopoietic engraftment.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty‐five patients underwent granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor HSPC collection and autologous transplant with a median dose of 7.7 (range, 3.9‐41.5) × 106 CD34+ cells per kg body weight. The chemotactic index (CI) of CD34+ cells isolated from leukapheresis products collected from these patients was calculated as the ratio of the percentages of cells migrating toward an SDF‐1 gradient to cells migrating to media alone. Expression of the SDF‐1 receptor CXCR4 on CD34+ cells was measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Spontaneous cell migration (range, 3.1 ± 0.6 to 26.5 ± 7.7%) and SDF‐1–directed chemotaxis (11.1 ± 0.7 to 54.9 ± 8.3%) of CD34+ cells did not correlate with time to neutrophil engraftment, which occurred at a median of 10 days (range, 8‐16 days). Nonparametric tests showed a negative correlation (r = −0.434) between CI and CD34+ cell dose such that neutrophil recovery occurred within the same period in patients transplanted with a lower dose of CD34+ cells but having a high CI as in those transplanted with a higher dose of CD34+ cells but having a low CI. Moreover, CI correlated (r = 0.8) with surface CXCR4 expression on CD34+ cells.CONCLUSION: In patients transplanted with a relatively lower CD34+ cell dose who achieved fast engraftment, a higher responsiveness to SDF‐1 and high CI could have compensated for the lower cell dose. However, to apply the CI as a prognostic factor of the rate of engraftment requires validation in a larger number of patients.
Ultrasound‐enabled topical anesthesia for pain reduction of phlebotomy for whole blood donation
Authors: Stowell Christopher P. , Trieu My‐Quyen , Chuang Han , Katz Nathaniel , Quarrington Carole 
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound‐facilitated delivery of topical anesthetics has been used to achieve effective anesthesia within 5 minutes for venipuncture and the insertion of intravenous access devices, but has never been studied for blood donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a single‐center, prospective, randomized, sham treatment–controlled, single‐blinded clinical evaluation. Repeat donors were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with ultrasound and topical anesthetic or sham ultrasound and placebo anesthetic before phlebotomy for whole blood donation. The primary outcome measures were pain assessments using the Verbal Categorical Scale (VCS) and the Visual Analogue Scale and the assessment of skin irritation at the target site.RESULTS: One‐hundred subjects were enrolled and all completed the study. Compared to the sham/placebo control group, donors receiving ultrasound/anesthetic had lower pain scores on the VCS (1.81 ± 0.67 vs. 2.17 ± 0.68; p = 0.01) and Visual Analog Scale (17.2 ± 15.5 vs. 27.6 ± 19.5; p = 0.006). The proportion of subjects in the treatment group who experienced skin irritation (8%) was similar to that in the control group (2%; p = 0.20).CONCLUSION: Ultrasound‐enhanced delivery of topical anesthetic was demonstrated to be a safe means of quickly achieving clinically meaningful reduction in the pain of phlebotomy for whole blood donation compared to sham/placebo treatment.
Acute Simultaneous Proximal Occlusion of Two Major Coronary Arteries in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Successful Treatment with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: MAAGH PETRA , WICKENBROCK I. , SCHRAGE M.O. , TRAPPE H.‐J. , MEISSNER A. 
Published: October 2008

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to acute simultaneous proximal occlusion of two major coronary arteries (ASOMC) is a rare but life‐threatening situation. Most patients die suddenly or go into cardiogenic shock (CS). In patients with AMI due to ASOMC identified by coronary angiography (CA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in both infarct‐related arteries (IRAs) at the same time as diagnostic CA is the fastest option to complete revascularization. However, no prospective studies regarding the outcome of such procedures have been published so far.
Methods: In this prospective single‐center study, between October 2004 and March 2007, consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) reporting to our university hospital and regional referral center were evaluated for ASOMC by means of emergent CA. When diagnosed with ASOMC, PCI of the IRAs was performed. Clinical data were obtained at baseline, discharge, after 6 months, and after 1 year.
Results: Out of 417 patients with ACS, 379 patients (90.9%) suffered an AMI. In 5 patients CA revealed an ASOMC. PCI was performed in 4 patients. One patient with severe triple‐vessel disease was referred for emergent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery after conventional PCI of one IRA. One patient died in‐hospital due to early in‐stent thrombosis after PCI. At 6‐month follow‐up and at 1‐year follow‐up, 4 patients were alive.
Conclusion: In spite of the complex interventions, PCI patients had low in‐hospital mortality and good clinical results at 1‐year follow‐up. Our observations are important in the clinical decision‐making process of AMI due to ASOMC.
Status of Plasmapheresis for the Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Japan
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Takamori Kenji 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study describes the efficacy of plasmapheresis for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), as reported in Japan. TEN patients treated with plasmapheresis were collected from Japanese literature. The type of plasmapheresis, number of sessions, efficacy of plasmapheresis, and present outcome were examined. Forty‐seven TEN patients treated with plasmapheresis have been reported in the literature: 19 men and 28 women with ages ranging from 1 to 96 years (mean 50.3 years). Twenty‐five of these treatments included simple plasma exchange (PE), 13 included double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), and one included PE and DFPP. The number of plasmapheresis sessions ranged from 1 to 6 and the mean number of sessions was 3.1. The efficacy of plasmapheresis for the treatment of TEN was as follows: excellent, 30 cases; good, 8 cases; fair, 3 cases; no effect, 5 cases; and unknown, 1 case. The rate of effectiveness was 80.9%; eleven patients died; and the mortality rate was 23.4%. In summary, plasmapheresis, including both PE and DFPP, were found to be effective treatments for Japanese patients with TEN, who had been unresponsive to corticosteroids, and for those who show severe clinical manifestations.
A Case Report of Osteomyelitis Pubis in a Hemodialysis Patient With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dovas Spiros , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Simopoulou Theodora , Giannopoulou Myrto , Kanaki Angeliki , Anifandis Georgios , Stefanidis Ioannis 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOsteomyelitis pubis is a rare form of osteomyelitis. Known risk factors are urogynecologic surgery, trauma caused by sport activities, pelvic malignancy and intravenous drug use. Immunocompromised patients, including hemodialysis patients, and those with diabetes are also susceptible to infection. Particularly in the hemodialysis population, the use of intravenous catheters frequently results in bacteremia and metastatic infectious complications such as osteomyelitis. We describe the first case of osteomyelitis pubis in a woman on chronic maintenance hemodialysis with diabetes mellitus.
A Case Report of an Anorexia Nervosa Patient With End‐stage Renal Disease Due to Pseudo Bartter's Syndrome and Chinese Herb Nephropathy Requiring Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Wada Kentaro , Shinoda Toshio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe extent of end stage renal disease (ESRD) has not been well documented in anorexia nervosa (AN). We herein describe a 47‐year‐old female with ESRD who required maintenance hemodialysis (HD) following a 27 year history of AN, and seven years of diuretic and purgative abuse. In spite of HD treatment, her serum inorganic phosphorus level remained elevated (10.2–15.8 mg/dL). Tissue degradation due to catabolism, insufficient dialysis treatment, and use of Chinese herbal medicine, including aristolochic acid, are speculated as the cause of her hyperphosphatemia. We also speculated that the causes of her renal dysfunction are as follows: chronic interstitial nephritis caused by pseudo Bartter's syndrome resulting from chronic abuse of diuretics and purgatives, and Chinese herb nephropathy.
EFFECT OF PLANT MATURITY ON THE MINERAL CONTENT OF THE LEAVES OF MOMORDICA BALSAMINA L. AND VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. SESQUIPEDALIS (L.) VERDC.
Authors: FLYMAN MICHAEL V. , AFOLAYAN ANTHONY J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT Vegetable quality can be influenced by various factors including preharvest conditions and stage of maturity. Consumers are increasingly demanding for food with acceptable internal quality attributes like vitamins and mineral composition, in addition to sensory properties like appearance, texture, taste and aroma. The purpose of this study was to examine the mineral content of two traditional leafy vegetables in Botswana, namely Momordica balsamina and Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, at different stages of maturity. Both vegetables exhibited different variation patterns in their leaf mineral contents with advancing age and the effect of maturity stage was significant (P < 0.05). Although M. balsamina and V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis could be integrated into a food‐based strategy to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition, the recommended harvesting stages would be dictated by the specific mineral deficiency being addressed.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe research findings are relevant in communities where home gardens and wild vegetable gathering are promoted as strategies to increase the intake of micronutrient‐rich foods. Practical uses are in the formulation of guidelines toward the optimal harvesting times for different vegetables depending on specific mineral nutrient deficiencies being addressed.
ARTIFICIAL CELL STUDIES IN SIMULATED APPLE AND POTATO STARCH CELL COMPLEX DURING OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION
Authors: TORTOE CHARLES , ORCHARD JOHN , BEEZER ANTHONY 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT Visking tubing was employed as an artificial cell system to investigate the behavior of water in simulated apple and potato starch cell complex during osmotic dehydration. The study involved a factorial experimental design at three levels of temperature (32.2, 40 and 55C) and five levels of solute concentration solutions (four sucrose concentrations: 40, 50, 60 and 70%; one sodium chloride concentration: 0.5%). A time period of 0–3 h was implemented with 30‐min sampling period for every treatment. Three phases of a sharp decrease in the initial weight of the visking tubing in the first 30 min were observed for all temperatures and solute concentrations. In all the treatments, there was an incremental increase in water loss with increased temperature and sucrose and salt concentrations. Water loss was higher for simulated apple and 1% potato starch solutions compared with 15% potato starch solution. Starch in the visking tubing competed for the removal of water during osmotic dehydration. The amount of starch contributed to the differences in the rate of water loss in the visking tubing. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn order to better understand the behavior of water in simulated apple and potato starch cell complex during osmotic dehydration of plant materials, the Visking tubing was used as an artificial cell in simulating biological membranes. Simulated apple and potato starch was studied as representatives of cellulosic and starchy plant materials, respectively. Notably, there was antagonistic effect between starch and salt solutions, starch and sugar solutions similar to sugar and salt solutions as a result of differences in their molecular weights. This study is industrial applicable to achieve efficient osmotic dehydration processes for plant materials that are cellulosic or starchy in nature.
EFFECTS OF EXTRUSION CONDITIONS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A MUTANT RICE CULTIVAR, GOAMI2 – HIGH IN NONDIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: CHOI I. , CHUN A. , SUH S.‐J. , RYU G.‐H. , CHUN J. , KIM J.‐H. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT A mutant rice Goami2, a cultivar high in nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs), was extrusion‐cooked at feed moisture (20, 25%), screw speed (200, 300 rpm) and barrel temperature (110, 120 and 130C). Effects of extrusion conditions on the physical and functional properties were investigated. NDCs were determined by total dietary fiber (TDF) and resistant starch (RS) contents. Increasing moisture resulted in an increment of density, water absorption index (WAI) and hardness, and a decrement in expansion and water solubility index (WSI). A higher barrel temperature decreased the hardness and increased the WSI probably due to a higher proportion of gelatinized starch. Extrusion caused a reduction in TDF in the extrudates, as well as a significant decrease in RS contents. However, extrudates processed at moisture (%), screw speed (rpm) and barrel temperature (C) combinations of 25/200/110 and 25/200/120 showed no significant difference in TDF contents compared with its raw rice. Multiple regression models showed that feed moisture had the most pronounced effect on extrudate qualities, followed by barrel temperature and screw speed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRice, being one of the primary dietary sources of carbohydrates worldwide, is the major energy and nutritional sources. In recent years, demands have been increasing for rice with a wide range of value‐added properties, such as enhanced nutrient, aroma, color and rice kernel shape, including functional properties. Goami2 is a mutant rice of Ilpumbyeo, a high japonica rice cultivar, and has been revealed to have higher nondigestible fractions. However, Goami2 rice has unsuitable properties for traditional cooking because of the difficulty of gelatinization, which might result in a hard texture of cooked rice compared with that of ordinary rice. On the basis of its nutritional and functional benefits, exploiting the possible utilization of Goami2 for processed food products would increase the potential consumption of Goami2 for various food products.