bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated distribution of spotted hyaenas in Gabon reveals resident populations
Authors: Orbell Christopher , Abernethy Katharine A. , Akomo‐Okoue Etienne François , Bourgeois Stéphanie , Bunnefeld Nils , Dloniak Stephanie M. , Ebang‐Mbele Alex , Nguema Andy Gilda Ebe , Ebouta Fabrice , Fonteyn Davy , Kakoua Jean‐Louis , Maganga Pierre‐Brice , Kouima Guy‐Landry Mamboundou , Mangama Koumba Lilian Brice , Tsongue Wilfried Mbombe , Nguelet Fred Loique Mindonga , Momboua Brice Roxan , Ntie Stephan , Ibouanga Ange Nzamba , Nzamba Brave Sévère , Koumba Christophe Roland Zinga , Rembeyo Christian , Robinson Hugh S. , Scalbert Morgane , White Lee J. T. , Whytock Robin C. , Henschel Philipp 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpotted hyaena distribution currently widely encompasses sub‐Saharan Africa, apart from the Congo Basin. Formerly described as residents of Gabon but considered extinct, vagrant individuals have been recorded since 2003, but no systematic species presence assessment has been made. Based on records of killed individuals, tracks and camera‐trap sightings, we show that not only vagrant individuals are roaming in Gabon, but a small resident population occurs in the North‐East of the country. The records collated here formed the basis for spotted hyaenas to be listed as protected in Gabon, were included in the IUCN Red List species' range map update and showcased the importance of large‐scale by‐catch data analysis in updating species distributions.
Coblation versus BiZact extra‐capsular tonsillectomy in adults: a randomized control trial
Authors: Tierney Jack , Harrison Ella , Hodge John‐Charles , Carney A. Simon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionTonsillectomy is a frequently performed otolaryngological procedure and is associated with significant postoperative pain and bleeding. A number of studies have investigated methods to reduce pain and bleeding. Coblation and BiZact devices have both been claimed to have favourable pain outcomes following tonsillectomy. This study was designed to investigate these two techniques in a direct comparison of postoperative pain and bleeding.MethodsIn this single blinded, randomized control trial, 61 patients were randomly assigned to undergo tonsillectomy with either the BiZact or Coblation device. Pain scores were collected for 14 days postoperatively using a Visual Analogue Score scale. Secondary outcome data was collected for duration of surgery, intra‐operative bleeding, return to normal, and secondary bleeding rates.ResultsCoblation was found to have lower postoperative pain on day 1 (P < 0.05). BiZact was found to have lower postoperative pain on day 7 (P < 0.05) and day 11 (P < 0.05). Pain scores for other days were not significant. There was no significant difference in set‐up time, procedural time and return to normal activities. The BiZact group had a longer time to achieve haemostasis (P < 0.001) and greater intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.01). There was a trend towards more significant secondary bleeding in the BiZact arm, however, this study was not adequately powered to assess this finding.ConclusionBoth Coblation and BiZact devices appear to provide a safe and effective method for tonsillectomy in adults. Reduced pain on day 1 may make Coblation more suitable for day‐case surgery.
Their bad experiences make me think twice: Customer‐to‐colleague incivility, self‐reflection, and improved service delivery
Authors: Gao Wenyang , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) , Popelnukha Anastasiia , Sungu Lincoln Jisuvei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrior research has shown that customer incivility impacts targeted employees' performance. Yet, whether such experiences also influence bystander employees has been overlooked. In this work, we take a third‐party perspective and suggest that observed customer‐to‐colleague incivility may have a positive impact on bystander employees' service performance. Drawing on social learning theory, we develop a model where we study the consequence of observed customer‐to‐colleague incivility on service performance through self‐reflection. A two‐week experience sampling study with data collected from 99 nurses revealed that, observed daily customer‐to‐colleague incivility was positively related to bystander employees' daily self‐reflection, which in turn was positively associated with their daily service performance. Moreover, we identified performance‐based self‐esteem (i.e., the importance of performance to self‐esteem) as a key boundary condition that explains for whom witnessing customer‐to‐colleague incivility is more likely to engender higher self‐reflection. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Does voluntary environmental, social, and governance disclosure impact initial public offer withdrawal risk?
Authors: Jamaani Fouad , Alidarous Manal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite much research now being published on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investments and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) withdrawal risk, there appears to be a lack of evidence on the prospective IPO withdrawal risk associated with voluntary disclosure of ESG policies. This paper investigates the influence of ESG disclosure on IPO withdrawal by comparing voluntary ESG disclosure to conventional IPOs in the international market. A large data set is employed here, containing 33,535 failed and successful IPOs from 1995 to 2019 from several nations with their own legal systems, cultural norms, and economic systems. The findings reveal that voluntary disclosure of ESG practices does significantly reduce the likelihood of an IPO withdrawal, by as much as 48%. These findings strongly suggest that organizations engaged in ESG activities perceive voluntary disclosure as an incentive, to adhere to social expectations. Consequently, reducing the asymmetry of information between IPO participants minimizes the withdrawal risk these companies face, hence diminishing doubts about their legitimacy. The results have consequences for IPO businesses, investors, researchers, and regulators.
HaLo‐NeRF: Learning Geometry‐Guided Semantics for Exploring Unconstrained Photo Collections
Authors: Dudai Chen , Alper Morris , Bezalel Hana , Hanocka Rana , Lang Itai , Averbuch‐Elor Hadar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInternet image collections containing photos captured by crowds of photographers show promise for enabling digital exploration of large‐scale tourist landmarks. However, prior works focus primarily on geometric reconstruction and visualization, neglecting the key role of language in providing a semantic interface for navigation and fine‐grained understanding. In more constrained 3D domains, recent methods have leveraged modern vision‐and‐language models as a strong prior of 2D visual semantics. While these models display an excellent understanding of broad visual semantics, they struggle with unconstrained photo collections depicting such tourist landmarks, as they lack expert knowledge of the architectural domain and fail to exploit the geometric consistency of images capturing multiple views of such scenes. In this work, we present a localization system that connects neural representations of scenes depicting large‐scale landmarks with text describing a semantic region within the scene, by harnessing the power of SOTA vision‐and‐language models with adaptations for understanding landmark scene semantics. To bolster such models with fine‐grained knowledge, we leverage large‐scale Internet data containing images of similar landmarks along with weakly‐related textual information. Our approach is built upon the premise that images physically grounded in space can provide a powerful supervision signal for localizing new concepts, whose semantics may be unlocked from Internet textual metadata with large language models. We use correspondences between views of scenes to bootstrap spatial understanding of these semantics, providing guidance for 3D‐compatible segmentation that ultimately lifts to a volumetric scene representation. To evaluate our method, we present a new benchmark dataset containing large‐scale scenes with ground‐truth segmentations for multiple semantic concepts. Our results show that HaLo‐NeRF can accurately localize a variety of semantic concepts related to architectural landmarks, surpassing the results of other 3D models as well as strong 2D segmentation baselines. Our code and data are publicly available at https://tau‐vailab.github.io/HaLo‐NeRF/.
Intraoperative renal replacement therapy during liver transplantation in children: Safety, efficacy and impact on survival
Authors: Dolan Kristin J. , Arikan Ayse , Banc‐Husu Anna M. , Mian Muhammad Umair Mukhtar , Thadani Sameer , Lee Jeffrey Quinn , Stribling Lacey , Galván N. Thao N. , Goss John , Baijal Rahul , Desai Moreshwar S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (iCRRT) can prevent life‐threatening complications, facilitate fluid management, and maintain metabolic homeostasis during liver transplantation (LT) in adults. There is a paucity of data in pediatric LT. We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and impact on survival of iCRRT in pediatric LT.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children requiring CRRT pre‐OLT at a quaternary children's hospital from 2014 to 2022. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative events, and post‐LT outcomes were compared between those who received iCRRT and those who did not.ResultsOut of 306 patients who received LT, 30 (10%) were supported with CRRT at least 24 h prior to LT, of which 11 (36%) received iCRRT. The two cohorts were similar in demographics, diagnosis of liver disease, and severity of illness. The iCRRT patients experienced massive blood loss and increased transfusion requirements. There was no difference in intraoperative metabolic balance. One‐year post‐LT mortality rates were similar.ConclusionICRRT is safe in critically ill children with pre‐LT renal dysfunction. It optimizes fluid and blood product resuscitation while maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Candidates need to be carefully chosen for this highly resource‐intensive therapy to benefit this fragile population.
Kidney after liver transplantation does not have an increased risk of rejection compared to liver alone
Authors: Ghali Peter , Ibrahim Ramez M. , Hodge David , White Launia , Wadei Hani M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous liver kidney (SLK) transplant protects against acute cellular rejection. In 2017, UNOS implemented a “safety net” policy to allow patients with renal recovery to avoid renal transplantation. Whether kidney after liver transplantation (KALT) increases the risk of rejection is unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database of adult patients who received liver transplant, SLK or KALT between 2010 and 2020. We examined rejection of the liver within 6 months and 1 year of the liver transplant, as well as rejection of the kidney within 6 months and 1 year of receiving the kidney, as well as patient and graft loss.ResultsSixty‐six thousand seventy‐nine patients were transplanted; 60 168 with liver transplant alone, 5627 with SLK, and 284 with KALT. Acute or chronic liver rejection rates within 6 or 12 months were statistically higher in the KALT group (10.0% and 10.9%) compared to the SLK group (6.1% and 7.5%), but comparable to the LTA group (9.3% and 11.1%). Kidney rejection and graft survival rates were not different. Liver graft survival was worse in KALT than SLK or LTA (Kaplan‐Meier estimates .61 vs. .89 and .90), but these patients were more ill at the time of transplantation. KDPI and LDRI scores were notably lower in the SLK than KALT group. Patient survival was not clinically different between the groups.ConclusionKALT does not increase the risk of acute or chronic kidney rejection. SLK has a lower risk of early liver rejection, but this effect diminishes by one year to being not clinically different compared to KALT. Given that KALT is immunologically safe, and potentially avoids unnecessary renal graft use, it should be preferred over SLK.Brief summaryPatients undergoing sequential kidney after liver transplant do not have an increased risk of liver or kidney rejection when compared to liver transplant alone or simultaneous liver and kidney transplant.
Quality of education in migration hotspot areas in Ethiopia: Input‐process‐outcome‐context approach
Authors: Admas Fantahun , Minaye Abebaw , Habtamu Kassahun , Zeleke Seleshi , Tibebu Abera , Kotecho Mesay Gebremariam , Adgeh Yohannis , Getnet Habtamu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the lack of educational opportunities limits the future of most people in Ethiopia, they pose dire consequences to young people in migration hotspot areas. Using input‐process‐outcome‐context‐education quality framework, this study investigated the quality of education in eight migration hotspot areas of Ethiopia and its association with migration. A random sample of 1,187 participants (793 students, 262 teachers and 132 parents) completed a survey. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that participants’ overall rating of education quality was low. Over a third of participants perceived that input, process and outcome components of education in migration hotspot areas have a quality problem. Over 80% of the participants believed that poor quality of education could be a cause for migration. More specifically, a significant portion of the participants (37%) reported that there was no pedagogical centre in their respective schools; continuous assessment was practiced rarely (36%); and creativity and discovery among students was almost non‐existent (40%). The participants' ratings indicated that the top five factors that contribute to the poor quality of education are low level of teacher competence, poor student motivation, poverty, value attached to education and large class size.
Computational analysis of 3D printing: Selecting the better among newly released materials
Authors: Namsoy Ege , Sadikoglu Ismail Serhat , Ozverel Cenk Serhan , Erdag Emine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResin‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing finds extensive application in the field of dentistry. Although studies of cytotoxicity, mechanical and physical properties have been conducted for newly released 3D printing resins such as Crowntec (Saremco), Temporary Crown Resin (Formlabs) and Crown & Bridge (Nextdent), the resistance of these materials to esterases in saliva has not been demonstrated at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, the binding affinities and stability of these new 3D printing resins to the catalytic sites of esterases were investigated using molecular docking and molecular mechanics with Poisson–Bolzmann and surface area solvation (MM/PBSA) methods after active pocket screening. Toxicity predictions of the materials were also performed using ProTox‐II and Toxtree servers. The materials were analyzed for mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and LD50 values were predicted from their molecular structures. The results indicated that out of the three novel 3D printing materials, Nexdent exhibited reduced binding affinity to esterases, indicating enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation and possessing a superior toxicity profile.
Coupling life prediction of bending very high cycle fatigue of completion strings made of different materials using deep wise separable convolution
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Chen Maolin , He Mingge , Zhang Junliang , Huang Yanyan , Chen Siqi , Du Xuanyu , Chai Guocai , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article predicts bending very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) life of three typical nickel‐based alloys SM2550, BG2532, and G3 used for completion strings. Fatigue tests were conducted on the three alloys using an ultrasonic fatigue system at a frequency of 20 kHz. The results showed that the fatigue strength ranges of the three alloys were markedly different, reflecting their different sensitivities to fatigue loading. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed numerous fatigue crack origins with internal decohesion in the fatigue source region. To achieve unified prediction of the fatigue life for the three alloys, a prediction model based on deep learning was built with inputs including fatigue initiation quantity, cleavage facet size, and other fatigue fracture characteristics. It was found that single source feature was insufficient to obtain satisfactory prediction accuracy for all alloys, while multifeature coupling integration could significantly improve the prediction precision, enabling reliable prediction of alloy fatigue life. This study provides new insights into bending VHCF life prediction.
Damage mechanism of 30Cr1Mo1V rotor steel during thermal fatigue at 540°C
Authors: Risu Na , Zhang Yuetao , Zhang Fubao , Wang Xiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper reports the damage mechanism of 30Cr1Mo1V rotor steel during thermal fatigue at 540°C. Detailed information on macro‐failure characteristics and micro‐failure mechanisms was revealed here. The results showed that both intragranular micro‐defects and intergranular micro‐crackings were formed during the fatigue process. The formation of intragranular micro‐defects was related to the dislocation tangle inside the ferrite sub‐grains, while the formation of intergranular micro‐cracking could be related to the weakening of atomic cohesion at the matrix/cementite interface. Eventually, the transgranular crackings occurred in the 30Cr1Mo1V steel. The morphology of these crackings presented an edge‐shaped discontinuity, which may propagate perpendicularly to the loading direction and cause the material to fracture.
Digital light processing‐based additive manufacturing of orientation‐controlled Al2O3 ceramics with improved damage tolerance
Authors: Wang Yang , Han Zhuoqun , Zhou Qingxuan , Han Yongning , Bi Lunan , Zhang Xia , Lu Xiang , Zhao Jie , Chu Wei , Li Jian , Zhao Zhicheng , Wang Yingying , Li Ling , Liu Futian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) provides a promising avenue for constructing ceramic parts with high precision and complex shapes, yet the inherent brittleness and strength‐toughness trade‐off hinder their wide applications. Here, according to DLP 3D printing, the textured alumina ceramic components with horizontally aligned textured microstructure were successfully created by adding anisotropically shaped platelets. As a critical process in the preparation of textured ceramics, the alumina platelets were aligned horizontally during printing by using the special shear fields and forming capabilities of DLP technology. The shrinkage, density, microstructure, mechanical performance, and damage‐tolerance behavior of alumina parts with different platelet concentrations were examined, and the toughening mechanisms were investigated. The strength and toughness of ceramics with 5 vol.% platelet addition are increased by 22% and 43%, respectively, as compared with those without platelets. The improved damage tolerance capabilities were primarily ascribed to the collaborative toughening mechanisms stimulated by the platelet addition, including crack branching, crack deflection, uncracked‐ligament bridging, and platelet pull‐out, which increased the crack tortuosity and consumed more fracture energy. The strategy opens up new opportunities to design complex 3D ceramic geometries with bio‐inspired layered or textured architectures, providing optimized damage tolerance.
Population Aging and the Retirement Age
Authors: Halliday Daniel 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTNumerous jurisdictions have recently raised the age of retirement or plan to do so. Pressure to extend people's working lives is due to population aging, which makes it harder to fund retirement through existing methods. Raising the retirement age can improve the ‘dependency ratio’ by increasing the fraction of the population that works (and pays taxes) relative to the fraction retired. This article gives sustained attention to connecting the case for retirement with one view about wellbeing, according to which old age is subject to distinctive goods. The importance of being able to access these goods in old age favours an eventual exit from labour market participation that retirement provisions enable. This view is stronger than one that treats retirement as merely a safety net to enable people to stop work only when advanced aging makes it unreasonably burdensome. At the same time, the view likely does not justify status quo retirement ages, meaning that some increase to the retirement age might be defensible. The article also seeks to illuminate ways in which different aspects of population aging – in particular the distinction between dependency ratios and inequalities in longevity – bear differently on the wider debate about justice and retirement.
Effect of physical frailty on maximum phonation time in community‐dwelling older individuals who visited a neurology outpatient clinic
Authors: Umehara Ken , Yamamoto Akio , Kitagawa Takeo , Yoshimaru Kimiko , Ishikawa Akira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaximum phonation time (MPT) is used to assess speech and other oral rehabilitation‐related issues. Various factors contribute to MPT decline in older individuals. Although the impact of physical frailty on MPT has been suggested, this has not been conclusively determined.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between MPT and physical frailty in community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who were independently mobile. MPT‐associated factors were investigated.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analysed the clinical data of 122 patients (age [interquartile range]: 80.0 [74.0–83.0] years) without dementia who visited a neurology department between 1 February 2021 and 31 January 2023. Investigated factors included age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, smoking history, grip strength, functional independence measure, vital capacity, oral diadochokinesis, MPT and the Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study score. Physical frailty was assessed based on the total score from five items (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness and low physical activity). The relationship between MPT and physical frailty was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe MPT was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.347, p < .01) and physical frailty (r = −0.681, p < .01) and positively correlated with vital capacity (r = 0.474, p < .01) and height (r = 0.248, p < .01). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis, conducted with MPT as the dependent variable, demonstrated that physical frailty (β = −.59, 95% confidence interval: −0.74 to 0.43, p < .001) had a strong influence on MPT.ConclusionIn older individuals, MPT is associated with physical frailty. When assessing MPT in clinical settings, it is advisable to perform a concurrent assessment of physical frailty.