bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translocation and respiration of assimilates in tomato plants as influenced by K nutrition
Authors: Haeder H. E. , Mengel K. 
Published: February 2007

Assimilatverlagerung und Assimilatumsatz bei Tomatenpflanzen in Abhängigkeit von der Kaliumdüngung
14CO2‐Aufnahme sowie Transport und Verlust der markierten Assimilate durch Veratmung wurden an 3 Monate alten Tomatenpflanzen untersucht, die in unterschiedlichen K‐Konzentrationen in Wasserkultur angezogen worden waren.
Nach 6stündiger 14CO2‐Applikation war in den Blättern über die Hälfte des assimilierten 14C bereits in äthanolunlösliche Verbindungen eingebaut, was auf einen raschen Stoffumsatz schließen läßt.
Während der Nachtstunden wurde 1/3 der markierten Assimilate wieder veratmet, vor allem leichtlösliche organische Verbindungen. Bei geringer K‐Ernährung waren es auch schwerlösliche Substanzen.
Da die Pflanzen bei hoher K‐Versorgung größer waren als bei geringer, war die absolute 14CO2‐Assimilation der größeren Pflanzen doppelt so groß. Auch die spezifische Radioaktivität (n Ci/g FM) lag bei den Pflanzen mit hohen K‐Gaben um 20% hoher als bei den anderen Tomatenpflanzen. Dies läßt auf einen positiven Einfluß des Kaliums auf die CO2‐Assimilation schließen.
Den größten Einfluß übte die K‐Ernährung auf den Assimilattransport in die Speicherorgane aus; denn Pflanzen mit hoher K‐Versorgung hatten prozentual doppelt soviel markierte Verbindungen in Früchten und Wurzeln aufzuweisen, wie die gleichen Organe der Pflanzen mit geringerem K‐Ernährungszustand. Da diese Zahlen in Relativwerten zur Gesamtaktivität der Pflanze ausgedrückt wurden, zeigen sie, daß Kalium besonders den Assimilattransport fördert.
Untersuchungen über den Einfluß des Kinetins und des Eisens auf den Nukleinsäure‐ und Proteinstoffwechsel von Karottengewebekulturen
Authors: Neumann K.‐H. 
Published: February 2007

The Influence of Kinetin and Iron on Nucleic Acid and Protein Metabolism of Carrot Tissue CulturesCarrot‐root tissues cultured in a nutrient solution containing Kinetin had a high rate of cell division, that led to an undifferentiated callus, and a relatively low DNA content per cell. The same tissues growing without Kinetin had a smaller rate of cell division and a higher DNA content, and showed the ability to form roots.By addition of 32P to the nutrient solution, the cultures growing with Kinetin showed a higher specific activity of DNA than those growing without Kinetin.From previous experiments and results of other workers the possibility of the occurence of a metabolic labile DNA fraction in the cultures which grew without Kinetin is discussed.A comparison between the influence of iron and Kinetin on cell division activity, root formation, DNA, RNA and amino acid content of the tissue cultures was made on a cell basis. Iron deficiency or absence of Kinetin in the nutrient solution reduced the cell division activity of carrot tissue cultures and increased the content of DNA, RNA and soluble amino acids. The protein content was reduced by iron deficiency but was increased by the absence of Kinetin.Cultures, growing without Kinetin were able to form roots, while those, growing in an iron deficient medium were unable to show the latter phenomenon.
Abbau von Eisen(III)‐citrat in durchlüfteter wäßriger Lösung durch Bodenbakterien
Authors: Fischer W. R. , Ottow J. C. G. 
Published: February 2007

Decomposition of iron(III)‐citrate in a well‐aerated, aqueous solution by soil bacteriaThe decomposition of iron(III)‐citrate by soil bacteria in a well‐aerated NH4‐mineral salt solution at constant pH‐values between 3.3 and 8.5 resulted in a yellow (at low pH) or brown precipitate, respectively. The iron(III)‐precipitate is amorphous to X‐rays, contains approximately 12% carbon and about 40% iron (Fe). The freeze‐dried product is dissolved completely in an acid solution of ammonium oxalate.Bacteria, capable of decomposing ammonium iron(III)‐citrate, were isolated by plate method and identified by morphological and physiological studies. They could be separated into two groups: The first group contained strains classified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, whereas members of the second group could be assigned to the new genus Acinetobacter.
Zur Abhängigkeit des Bodenwasserpotentials von der Temperatur
Authors: Richter J. 
Published: February 2007

Soil‐water‐potentials depending on temperatureThe soil‐water‐potential · of different soils has been measured in dependence of temperature. Between about — 0.2 · 106 and — 0.7 · 106 erg cm−3 (corresponding to a pressure head of 2 resp. 7 m water) all soils show a significant dependence of the soil‐water‐potential on temperature always in connection with hysteresis phenomena. With soils rich in clay or sand the dependence is most pronounced. At very high suction values (< — 0.7 · 106 erg cm−3) the dependence becomes small. Thus the measurements agree well with psychrometric evaluations of Campbell and Gardner (1971) on the no‐temperature‐dependence of the soil‐water‐potential in the range of about — 3 ·106 to — 20 ± 106 erg cm−3.
Kohlehydratfraktionen im reifenden Weizenkorn unter dem Einfluß von Stickstoff und Chlorcholinchlorid
Authors: Amberger A. , Kühbauch W. 
Published: February 2007

Components of carbohydrates in wheat kernels during the ripening process influenced by nitrogen fertilization and chlorcholinchlorideThe variability of carbohydrates was analysed in ripening kernels of wheat treated with nitrogen and chlorcholinchloride.1. Proceeding ripening in wheat kernels (green, yellow, matured kernels) shows an important decrease of monosaccharides and total sugar. A distinct Influence of CCC — just as a possible postponement of ripening — marked with usually higher contents of monosaccharides and total sugar could be ascertained in green kernels only.2. The synthesis of starch is not influenced by high nitrogen fertilization and essentially finished till the grain is yellow. By CCC‐treatment, compared with untreated plants, a much lower content of starch is caused in green and yellow grains, in matured such differences are detectable scarcely.The decrease of starch content with high nitrogen fertilization is more important than that caused by CCC.
Zur pflanzenphysiologischen Bedeutung des Selens. II. Mitteilung: Untersuchungen zum Selenquotienten im Pflanzentest
Authors: Kramer W. , Ziechmann W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie nach einem 8wöchigen Oxydationsversuch in den Hydroponik‐ und Quarzsandgefäßen in unterschiedlichen Anteilen nachgewiesenen Mengen an Selenit und Selenat wurden hinsichtlich ihrer physiologischen Wirkung an jungen Weizenpflanzen untersucht. Hier ergab sich eine bemerkenswerte Abhängigkeit zwischen den Konzentrationsverhältnissen von Selenit und Selenat (Selenquotienten) und dem Pflanzenwachstum. Damit konnten Wirkungsgrad und Wirkungsbereich des Selenit‐ und des Selenat‐Ions als Funktion des Selenquotienten dargestellt werden. Aus der unterschiedlichen Schädigung von Sproß und Wurzel bei gleichzeitigem Angebot beider Ionen in einem Medium zeigt sich, daß die Wurzel vorwiegend durch Selenit und die Sproßteile durch Selenat geschädigt werden. Aus den Standardelektrodenpotentialen beider Ionen und ihren Schädigungsbereichen innerhalb der Pflanze läßt sich vermuten, daß in den Zellen von Wurzel und Sproß unterschiedliche potentiometrische Verhältnisse herrschen und darüber hinaus ein Redoxpotentialgefälle vom Sproß zur Wurzel vorliegt, welches für den Transport der Pflanzennährstoffe und den Abtransport der Assimilate von Bedeutung sein konnte.
Ein vollautomatisches Pipettiergerät fär die Korngrößenbestimmung nach Köhn
Authors: Werner H. 
Published: February 2007

A full automatic apparatus for grainsize analysis of soil according to Köhn.For the purpose of rationalization of the mechanical analysis of soil according to Köhn a new pipette apparatus was constructed. The different fractions are taken by automatic pipettes, controlled by electric time switches. The construction and function is described.
Gesamtporenvolumen und Porengrößenverteilung in unbearbeiteten und bearbeiteten Lößböden
Authors: Ehlers W. 
Published: February 2007

Total porosity and pore size distribution in untilled and tilled loess soils.Soil core samples were taken from untilled and tilled soils of a no‐tillage experiment to determine total porosity and pore size distribution. The soil samples were collected at short time intervals during 1969–1971 from 2–6 cm depth of a Grey Brown Podzolic Soil (Typudalf) deriverd from loess.1. Total porosity differed in untilled and tilled plots on the average by 4.7 vol.% (table 2). The seasonal changes are more pronounced on the tilled soil. Higher values of total porosity are observed during spring and fall, as compared to summer. Values are influenced by soil cultivation, rainfall and green manure crops (fig. 1a, b).2. The changes of the fraction of large pores (> 30 μ), expressed on a volume basis, are similar to the changes in total porosity in direction but greater in extent. On the contrary the seasonal changes of the fractions of medium pores (3–30 μ), small pores (0,2–3,0 μ) and very small pores (< 0, 2 μ) appear to be independent from changes in total porosity (fig. la, b).3. Fig. 2, showing the relation between total porosity and pore size distribution, may induce the wrong impression, that a decrease in total porosity results in an increase of the quantity of small and very small pores, accompanied with an excessive reduction of the quantity of large pores. If this relation is based on weight (100 g of solid soil particles) and not on volume (100 cm3 of soil particles and pores), it becomes clear, that compacting and loosening the soil investigated affect mainly the amount of large pores.4. The seasonal changes of soil water content in the field influence pore size distribution. Under the condition of constant total porosity increasing water content at sampling date induces a pore size redistribution in favour of the pores > 300 μ and 1,5–3,0 μ (table 3).5. A decrease in total porosity does not induce an increase in the homogeneity of the soil investigated (fig. 3).6. The average total porosity of the untilled and tilled soil is near the lower and upper limit respectively of the range, which is considered to be the optimum for air capacity.
Eine Split‐root‐Technik zur Untersuchung der Nährstoffverfügbarkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt im Boden
Authors: Mengel K. , Braunschweig L. C. V. , Grimme H. 
Published: February 2007

A Split‐Root Technique for the Investigation of the Relationship between Nutrient Availability and Soil Water content.Nutrient availability in soils depends among other factors on soil water content. In order to investigate the quantitative relationship between availability and soil water content a special technique was developed. This split‐root technique has to fulfil several conditions.1. This technique must be able to allow to differentiate between the direct influence of water supply on plant growth and the influence of soil water content on nutrient availability and the effect of the latter on plant growth.2. It must grant a sufficient supply of water oxygen and all nutrients to the plant with the exception of that nutrient the availability of which is to be examined.3. A predetermined water content or water tension should be maintained as constant as possible during the experiment.These requirements are best met with by means a split‐root technique. The experiments were carried out in such a way that the plants were grown in a container consisting of three compartments of which the centre one contained quartz sand whereas the two outer compartments were filled with soil (fig.1). Each plant had half of its root system growing in the sand and half of it in the soil. The quartz sand was supplied with a nutrient solution containing all nutrients except the one the availability of which is to be examined. The water content of the soil was regulated by means of ceramic filter candles which were linked to a water reservoir. This water reservoir was kept under negative pressure according to the required water tension in the soil. The water tension in the soil was monitored by 2–4 tensiometers in each of the soil compartmens (tab.1).Water tension up to pF 2.7 could be established and maintained in the soil. There was little variation of water tension during an experiment (3 weeks) and the moisture distribution in the soil was uniform. In order to obtain good reproducibilities the experiments were carried out in growth chamber.
The clay mineralogy of the Taworgha soils in Libya
Authors: Tahoun S. A. , Yousif A. F. 
Published: February 2007

Die Tonminerale der Böden von Taworgha, LibyenDer Tonmineralbestand der Taworgha‐Böden wurde mittels Röntgenanalyse und Elektronenmikroskopie bestimmt. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Böden tonmineralogisch qualitativ homogen und die vorherrschenden Minerale Hydroglimmer, Palygorskit, Montmorillonit und Chlorit sind. Quarz war in erwähnenswerten Mengen vorhanden, besonders in der Grobtonfraktion der Oberböden. Der Hydroglimmer ist trioktaedrisch. Es wild angenommen, daß etwas Vermiculit aus dem Hydroglimmer entstanden ist.
Die Podsolierungsstadien von Braunerden aus Schieferschutt
Authors: Zezschwitz E. V. , Schwertmann U. , Ulrich B. 
Published: February 2007

Stages of Podsolization in Braunerden on SlateA six member pedosequence between Braunerde and Braunerde‐Podzol on slate in the Rheinisch‐Westfälisches Bergland was described and analyzed. Macromorphology of the profiles comprises the transformation from mull‐like mor to raw humus and the appearance of a podzol A and B horizon. The results of a detailed iron fractionation using differential dissolution methods (total, dithionite, oxalate, pyrophosphate, KC1 soluble) clearly reflects change in Fe during podsolization. Silicate Fe (total minus, dithionite) decreases compensating part of Fe loss in the A horizon which accumulates in the B. The Fed maximum is in the strongest podsolized member (Braunerde‐Podsol), whereas the maxima of the more mobile Fe fractions (FeKCI, Fepy and partly Feo) as well as the oxalate soluble carbon occurs in the weaker podsolized members (podsolized Braunerde). Within the profiles the more mobile Fe fractions have their maximum in the horizon of strongest Fe mobilization (A) whereas the less mobile fractions show maxima in the horizon of immobilization (B).The Fe fractionation improves proper horizontation of the profiles and proves the sequence to be a continuum. The change on ecological conditions is better indicated by decreasing amount of P than by changes in C and N although C/N is increasing along the series. Since the Braunerde is already very acid a change in exchangeable cations is not significant except an increase in exchangeable Fe and a decrease in exchangeable Mn. In the equilibrium soil solution an increase in H, Al and Fe and a decrease in Ca was noted. With increasing podsolization the turn over of Ca between soil and plant appears to decrease. The local distribution of the soils with varying degree of podsolization in this mountainous forest region appears to depend on such factors as inclination, exposition and forest history.
The effect of flooding on the availability of zinc and manganese to rice
Authors: Tiller K. G. , Wassermann P. 
Published: February 2007

Der Einfluß eines Wasserüberstaus auf die Verfügbarkeit von Zink und Mangan für Reis.És wurde der Einfluß eines Wasserüberstaus auf die Verfügbarkeit von Zink und Mangan für Reis in Gefäßversuchen durch Messung der isotopischen Nährstoffverdünnung in doppelt markierten Böden untersucht. Die Meßergebnisse dieses Verfahrens wurden durch eine sechswöchige Inkubation vor der Pflanzung nicht wesentlich beeinflußt–jedoch durch Hinzufügung des Isotopenträgers–besonders für Zink.Der Überstau verdoppelte etwa die Gesamtmenge verfügbaren Mangans (MnL), während das verfügbare Zink (ZnL) bei allen Böden nur wenig anstieg. Trotzdem nahm die Konzentration an Zink und Mangan in der Pflanze bei Wasserstau z.T. erheblich ab.Das isotopische Verdünnungsverfahren bestätigt, daß für nichtüberstaute Böden das Hydrochinon‐Verfahren von Jones und Leeper (1951) das gesamte verfügbare Mangan am besten erfaßt, während für überstaute Böden vermutlich die Extraktion mit EDTA‐enthaltendem Hydrochinon (nach Beckwith, 1955) das durch Überstau freigesetzte Mangan befriedigend ermittelt.Es wird eine Hypothese aufgestellt, daß in nicht überstauten Böden lediglich das direkt an der Oberfläche der Mn‐oxide lokalisierte Mn an der Mn‐Versorgung der Pflanze teil hat. Der Anstieg von gelöstem Mn durch Wasserüberstau kommt vermutlich durch Beteiligung der nächst tieferen Schicht zustande, nachdem die unmittelbare Oberflächenschicht gelöst oder reorganisiert wurde.
Ein Beitrag zu Fragen der Methodik von Bodenfeuchtebestimmungen mit Hilfe der Neutronensonde
Authors: Schröder D. 
Published: February 2007

A Methodical Study on Soil Moisture Determination by the Neutron Scattering MethodThe use of the neutron scattering probe for the determination of soil moisture content in 60 plots in Dikopshof fertilisation experimental station for two years had required the study of some methodical aspects. One of the points is to get the standard curve.It was found that the standard curves taken from the model and from the field were nearly identical. Although regression analysis of the standard curve yield linear shapes, significance for non linear curves, was also obtained.The centre of sensitivity was more easily obtained by lowering the probe between two water filled containers than by the usual method.
Der Einfluß einer Kalkung auf Aggregatstabilität und Eindringwiderstand zweier Lößböden
Authors: Becher H. H. , Schwertmann U. 
Published: February 2007

Aggregate Stability and Penetration Resistance of two Normal and Limed SoilsTo investigate the meliorative effect of liming, the aggregate stability (determined by wet sieving and sedimentation) and the penetration resistance (by a previously described method (Becher 1973 a) of unlimed and limed samples of two field experiments on a Brown Earth‐Pseudogley and a Humic Pseudogley were determined. Penetration resistance decreased with decreasing water suction, but it did not show significant relation to liming. Aggregate stability was increased by liming on the Brown Earth‐Pseudogley but was lowered on the Humic Pseudogley, while penetration resistance was only influenced in some cases. The behaviour of the Humic Pseudogley was explained by its exceptional high organic matter content (5–6%).
Stickstoffverbindungen in Böden und ihre Beziehung zur Humusdynamik. 2. Mitteilung: Zur Bestimmung und Zuordnung des Amidstickstoffs
Authors: Aldag Rudolf , Kickuth Reinhold 
Published: February 2007

Nitrogen compounds in soils and their relation to humus dynamics. 2. Communication: On the determination and attachment of amide‐nitrogenThe amide‐nitrogen fraction in soils – so far very insufficiently defined – has been determined in the hydrolysates of 12 different soil samples.The proposed procedure allows to split this amide‐nitrogen fraction into two better befined N‐fractions, namely: real amide‐N (EAN) and pseudo‐amide‐N (PAN). This splitting is based on.1.) a detailed N‐fractionation, especially a quantitation of aspartic acid + glutamic acid (AG) and ammonia in the hydrolysate,2.) on the fact, that pure proteins and „soil proteins”︁ do not significantly differ in terms of their amino acid composition (average basis per mol protein) and deductive hereupon3.) on the assumption, that the calculated NH4/AG‐ ratio of 0,5 from pure proteins can be transferred to „soil proteins”︁.Methodically the real amide‐N (EAN) and the pseudo‐amide‐N (PAN) are determined as follows: After quantitation of aspartic acid + glutamic acid (AG) in the soil hydrolysate EAN can be calculated by the equation: EAN = (AG) X 0,5. PAN amounts to the difference between Ammonia of the hydrolysate and EAN.For the 12 soil samples the PAN/EAN‐ratios are in the range 1,5–11,7.
Ansammlungen von biogenem Opal im A2‐Horizont eines Planosols
Authors: Stephan S. 
Published: February 2007

Accumulation of Biogenetic Opal in the A2‐Horizon of a PlanosolThe planosol examined develops in the centre of Santa Fe Province (Argentine) among Brunizem‐soils, in a depression which sometimes is under water. Its A2‐horizon is dominated by biogenetic opal whose production is favoured by a high content of volcanic glass rich in silicic acid. The horizon is indurated, when dry.
Langstreckentransport von Calcium in Stolonen von Kartoffelpflanzen
Authors: Krauß A. , Marschner H. 
Published: February 2007

Long‐distance transport of calcium in stolons in potato plantsIn potato plants grown in water culture the influence of the tuber growth rate and the Ca supply to the tubers as well as the effect of the relative humidity around the stolons and tubers on the 45Ca translocation in the stolon was investigated.If the stolon tip or the tuber were supplied with additional exogenous Ca and the relative humidity around the stolon or tuber was very high then 45Ca applied to the roots was translocated in a negligible amount into the stolon or tuber. Even when the supply of exogenous Ca to the tubers was low, the tubers exerted no “sink”‐effect on the 45Ca translocation within the stolon.Under conditions of high relative humidity around the stolon 45Ca applied to the stolon surface was nearly exclusively translocated in direction of the shoot. In contrast, under low relative humidity around the stolon or tuber 45Ca applied to the stolon surface or to the root system was translocated into the stolon tip and into the tuber.The results indicate that within the stolon Ca is exclusively translocated in the xylem. A “sink”‐effect of the tuber on the Ca translocation into the stolon as well as within the stolon was not been observed.
Kupferaufnahme und Proteinsynthese bei Sommerweizen im Verlauf der Vegetationsperiode
Authors: Linser H. , Kühn H. , Zahiri A. , Zeid F. A. 
Published: February 2007

The copper content (on pure protein basis) of whole summer‐wheat plants remained nearly constant during the vegetative part of growth. However the contents were higher in the last third of the vegetation period.
Increased copper supply considerably increased the copper content of plants (on pure protein basis) throughout the vegetation period (12–65 %).
The copper content (on pure protein basis), after beginning of grain development, was 5–3 times higher (depending on copper supply) in vegetative organs than in grains, which would mean, that translocation of copper from the vegetative parts into the generative organs did not occur to the same extent as did the protein building components. The significance and possible cause of this phenomenon are discussed.
The uptake capacity of plants for copper (% per day on pure protein basis) increased strongly, reaching maximum, from 20th till 30th days of growth, then decreased nearly to zero by 45th day and remained fluctuating with low values between 50th and 80th day. Practically there was no uptake capacity after 80th day.
A theory on the close relationship between the synthesis capacity of system for system and the uptake of mineral nutrients is postulated.

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