bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When fonts do not know everything: an extensible system for multilingual text rendering
Authors: Nishikimi M. , Handa K. , Takahashi N. , Tomura S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have been developing a general‐purpose multilingual text‐processing library, which is designed to be extensible. The font layout table is a newly introduced resource that enables users to add support for drawing new scripts and languages. Font layout tables complement fonts; the knowledge required for complex text layout is stored in fonts and/or font layout tables. If a font contains, for example, ligature information, the corresponding font layout table describes the knowledge other than ligatures. A font layout table is used to convert a character code sequence into a glyph string to be displayed. It consists of rules, structured as cascaded stages, that may contain regular expressions and character categories. This combination enables flexible code sequence manipulation. In our multilingual text‐processing library, the drawing module is script‐ and language‐independent. It reads the necessary fonts and font layout tables on demand. Since font layout tables conceal the differences between font formats, the drawing module can handle fonts of different formats in a unified manner. This paper describes the problems in drawing multilingual text, several existing solutions to the problems and their drawbacks, and our solutions in detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Honey characterization by total reflection x‐ray fluorescence: evaluation of environmental quality and risk for the human health
Authors: Enrich C. , Boeykens S. , Caracciolo N. , Custo G. , Vázquez C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHoney is produced by Apis Mellifera bees, primarily from floral nectars. The bees are estimated to forage on plants growing in a relatively large area of more than 7 km2. If it is assumed that any hive includes at least 1000 worker bees and that each of them forages on 1000 flowers per day, the honey produced daily can be considered the outcome of at least one million interactions. In this way, the foraged area is effectively sampled for trace elements. The mineral content of honey is recognized as an environmental indicator. In this work, it is used as an indicator of toxic metal contamination in an extensive area in the central‐west of Argentina. Metal identification and quantification was done by total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF). The level of contamination was evaluated taking into account the concentration values suggested by the Codex Alimentarium Commission. Chemometric tools were employed to relate the honey composition to the environmental contamination of the studied areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The laparoscopic Vecchietti technique for vaginal agenesis
Authors: Borruto F. , Camoglio F.S. , Zampieri N. , Fedele L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate surgical, long‐term anatomic and functional results of the laparoscopic Vecchietti procedure to treat women with vaginal agenesis. MethodsRetrospective analysis of 86 women treated at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University of Verona, Italy. Data were analyzed based on surgical results and postoperative sexual satisfaction. Depth and diameter of the neo‐vagina was determined. The characteristics of the neo‐vaginal mucosa were investigated by vaginoscopy. Patients reported frequency, satisfaction, and any difficulties found at intercourse. ResultsFunctional success was obtained in 98.1% and anatomic success in 100%. In all patients, at 1 year, the mucosa was pink, trophic, and moist. Two fingers were introduced easily into the neo‐vagina in all cases. All patients, which decided to have sexual intercourse, defined these as satisfying within 6 months. ConclusionsLaparoscopic procedure used in this study is simple, safe, and effective. Anatomical and functional results obtained suggest this laparoscopic procedure as the treatment of choice for this syndrome.
The effects of soygerm extracts on blood lipoproteins, antioxidative capacity and urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women on hormone therapy
Authors: Hsu I.P. , Jou H.J. , Huang C.W. , Wang T.A. , Wu W.H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effects of soygerm isoflavones extracts on blood lipoproteins, antioxidative capacity and urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women who receive hormone therapy (HT). Method Thirty‐nine volunteers receiving HT were recruited, and 33 completed the study. All subjects received 6 g of soygerm extracts per day for 4 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected for study at the beginning and at the end of study. Result Plasma HDL‐C levels increased markedly with significant decreases of plasma LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and LDL‐TG levels. The lag time of conjugated dienes formation prolonged for 9.9% and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production in copper‐catalyzed oxidation of LDL decreased. The differences were statistically significant. Urinary ratio of 2‐OHE1 to 16α‐OHE1 increased without statistical significance. Conclusion Soygerm extracts may improve serum lipid profile in postmenopausal Taiwanese women who receive HT, and probably provide a favorable effect on estrogen metabolism.
Surgical Therapy in Intractable Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Leveque Marianne , Labrousse Marc , Seidermann Laurent , Chays André 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVESBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most frequent vestibular disorder. Although it is easily cured with canal repositioning maneuvers for the majority of patients, it can be disabling in rare cases. For these patients, surgical solutions may be proposed. The aim of this article is to review the techniques used, the reported cases in the literature, and to discuss their indication in intractable BPPV.STUDY DESIGNLiterature review.MATERIALS AND METHODSAll the articles from 1972 to 2005 that discussed a specific surgical therapy in BPPV were reviewed. Many of them reported cases of operated patients and described original techniques. Some others are anatomic studies that discussed the two techniques used: singular neurectomy and posterior semicircular canal occlusion.RESULTSSingular neurectomy (posterior ampullary nerve transsection) and posterior semicircular canal occlusion are the 2 specific techniques used in intractable BPPV surgery. The numbers of operated cases are 342 and 97, respectively. These small numbers indicate that the procedures are difficult and risk compromising hearing and that a very small population of patients require surgical treatment of BPPV. The operated cases have been decreasing since the early 1990s because of improved management in BPPV. This article summarizes the techniques and their results and proposes a currently recommended practice of surgical therapy in BPPV as well as new insights into intractable BPPVs’ physiopathology.
Facial Nerve Function after Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Brackmann Derald E. , Cullen Robert D. , Fisher Laurel M. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the long‐term facial function of patients after translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma [VS] surgery and identify factors that influence these outcomes.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective review was performed that included 580 consecutive patients who underwent translabyrinthine craniotomy for removal of VS at a tertiary referral neurotologic practice between February 2000 and July 2004. A total of 512 patients who underwent primary microsurgical treatment of sporadic unilateral VS met inclusion criteria. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as perioperative complications are described. Perioperative and long‐term facial function were evaluated in 392 patients who had at least 1‐year follow‐up.RESULTSComplication rates after translabyrinthine craniotomy for VS are low. Patients with smaller tumors have significantly better postoperative facial function than those with larger tumors.CONCLUSIONSExcellent long‐term facial function can be expected in the majority of patients who undergo microsurgical removal of VS via the translabyrinthine approach. Alternative treatment strategies may need to be developed for the treatment of VS > 3.5 cm in order to maximize postoperative facial function.
One‐Year Results: Palatal Implants for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Nordgård Ståle , Hein Gerhard , Stene Brit Kari , Skjøstad Ketil Wichman , Maurer Joachim T. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate long‐term effectiveness of palatal implants for treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).STUDY DESIGNA prospective study of 26 referred patients with a pretreatment apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of 10 to 30 and a body mass index of ≤30, representing an extended follow‐up of a subset of 41 patients enrolled in previous short‐term trials.RESULTSTwenty‐one of 26 patients (80.8%) experienced a decrease in AHI. Fifteen of 26 patients (57.7%) had a follow‐up AHI <10 at 1 year, whereas 13 patients (50%) had a 50% or greater reduction to an AHI <10 at 1 year. Mean AHI was reduced from 16.5 ± 4.5 at baseline to 12.5 ± 10.5 at 3 months (P < 0.014) and to 12.3 ± 12.7 at 1 year (P < 0.019).CONCLUSIONSPatients initially responding to palatal implants with improved AHI maintained improvement through long‐term follow‐up at 1 year.
The Influence of Tonsillitis on Oral and Throat Muscles in Adults
Authors: Vaiman Michael 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVESSurface electromyography (sEMG) was performed on randomly chosen adults with acute and recurrent tonsillitis to trace changes in muscle activity.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRandomized prospective study.METHODSActivity of masseter (MS), submental (SUB), and infrahyoid muscles (INF) were examined and statistically analyzed during deglutition being compared to normative databases.RESULTSFor acute tonsillitis, the duration of muscle activity during deglutition was normal with normal amplitude, except for INF muscles. When the acute episode was over, no peculiarities remained. For recurrent tonsillitis, the duration of activity and SUB amplitude remains normal and activity of MS and INF became increased, and this abnormality remained during the remissions.CONCLUSIONAcute and recurrent tonsillitis affect muscle activity significantly by involving additional muscles (mainly infrahyoid) in swallowing. Acute tonsillitis triggers temporary electric hyperactivity of infrahyoid muscles. Recurrent tonsillitis affects MS and INF even during periods of remission (fixed pathological changes).SIGNIFICANCEThis data might justify patients‘ complaints during the period of remission and can be used for comparison purposes to trace possible complications of tonsillitis.
Microarray Analysis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis and Eosinophilic Mucin Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Orlandi Richard R. , Thibeault Susan L. , Ferguson Berrylin J. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to determine and compare the differential gene expression in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis (EMRS).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe conducted a complementary DNA microarray analysis of prospectively gathered tissue from a tertiary rhinology practice.RESULTSCompared to normal subjects, 38 genes or potential genes were differentially expressed in AFS patients, while 10 genes were differentially expressed in EMRS patients. Four genes differentially expressed in EMRS were not differentially expressed in AFS: cathepsin B, sialyltransferase 1, GM2 ganglioside activator protein, and S100 calcium binding protein. These genes mediate lysosomal activity and are known to have differential expression in inflammatory and neoplastic states.CONCLUSIONSEMRS and AFS show some similarities in gene expression profiles using microarray analysis. Significant differences in gene expression in both EMRS and AFS patients compared with normal subjects provide early clues to the pathophysiology of EMRS and AFS.SIGNIFICANCEThis study demonstrates that complementary DNA microarray analysis is a feasible tool for studying different disease subclassifications and is the first to study these subclasses in chronic rhinosinusitis.
Parotidectomy: Ten‐Year Review of 237 Cases at a Single Institution
Authors: Upton David C. , McNamar Justin P. , Connor Nadine P. , Harari Paul M. , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo review a single surgeon's experience with parotidectomy with an emphasis on examining the appropriate use of partial superficial parotidectomy and the differences in early outcomes observed with the various types and extent of parotidectomy used.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA series of 237 patients who underwent parotidectomy over a 10‐year period was reviewed.RESULTSPostoperative complications included facial nerve weakness (18%), sialocele (6.3%), wound infection (3.8%), hematoma (3.8%), and symptomatic Frey's syndrome (1.7%). More extensive surgical procedures, including complete superficial or total parotidectomy, were associated with a 2.7 times greater incidence of immediate postoperative facial nerve weakness compared with partial superficial parotidectomy.CONCLUSIONPartial superficial parotidectomy is associated with a decreased incidence of transient postoperative facial nerve weakness compared with more extensive procedures such as complete superficial or total parotidectomy. Intraoperative frozen section was an accurate means of selecting patients for the partial superficial parotidectomy procedure.SIGNIFICANCEPartial superficial parotidectomy is an effective method for treating benign tumors confined to the superficial lobe.
Does an Oral Appliance Reduce Palatal Flutter and Tongue Base Snoring?
Authors: Stouder Stephanie , Jones Loren , Brietzke Scott , Mair Eric A. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVESOral appliances are designed to treat snoring and sleep apnea by advancing the mandible and tongue. We test the hypothesis that an oral appliance affects palatal snoring as well as tongue base obstruction.METHODSProspective observational cohort study. Sixty patients with a chief complaint of snoring with or without apnea were enrolled. Each patient underwent a home sleep test followed by 3 weeks sleeping with an oral appliance. Each patient then underwent a repeat home sleep test while using the device.RESULTSThere was a statistically significant improvement in the snores per hour (P = 0.0005), the maximum snoring loudness (P = 0.0001), average snoring loudness (P = 0.00001), and the percentage of palatal snoring (P = 0.0007). There was also a significant decrease in oxygen desaturation events (P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests oral appliances may be effective treatment for both palatal and tongue base snoring.
Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome of High‐Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Emerick Kevin S. , Fabian Richard L. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo describe clinical features of high‐grade (HG) mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland and assess clinical outcomes of one surgical management approach.DESIGN/SETTING/METHODSRetrospective case series in a tertiary care academic institution. Pathology records were reviewed from 1977 to 1997, identifying patients with parotid HG MEC. Available medical records were reviewed for data on clinical features, treatment, and outcome.RESULTSIncreased stage, increased T stage, presence of neck metastasis, and distant metastasis were all associated with poor outcome. Wide local excision and postoperative radiation (XRT) provided 82% local control. XRT alone for N0 disease provided 86% regional control, while XRT and neck dissection yielded 74% control in N+ cases.CONCLUSIONHigh‐grade MEC of the parotid gland is an aggressive disease that frequently presents at advanced stage. Parotidectomy with modified radical neck dissection and postoperative XRT provides reasonable local and regional control for patients with N+ disease. Elective selective neck dissection and radiation should be considered for T3 and T4 tumors with N0 status.
Reflux and Laryngitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joniau Sander , Bradshaw Anthony , Esterman Adrian , Carney A. Simon 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVESTo investigate and compare the prevalence of pharyngeal reflux (PR) events in normal controls and patients with clinically diagnosed reflux laryngitis.METHODA systematic review of the literature was performed to identify all prospective studies on the results of 24‐hour double‐probe (pharyngeal and esophageal) pH monitoring in normal controls and in patients with symptoms and/or signs of reflux laryngitis.RESULTSEleven relevant studies on 192 normal controls and 13 studies on 512 patients with reflux laryngitis were identified. One or more PR events were detected in 51 normal controls (22.9%; 95% CI, 13.9% to 33.3%) and in 154 of 422 patients (38.3%; 95% CI, 25.4% to 52.1%). There is no significant difference in the prevalence of PR events between normal controls and patients with reflux laryngitis (P = 0.079). In addition, the prevalence of PR events in patients with reflux laryngitis is much lower than reported in previous reviews on this subject.CONCLUSIONThis systematic review calculated that (1) only a minority of patients with clinically diagnosed reflux laryngitis will show PR events, and (2) there is no significant difference between the prevalence of PR events in patients with reflux laryngitis and healthy controls. At the moment, there is no reliable means to confirm reflux of gastric juice in patients with suspected reflux laryngitis. This diagnostic vacuum is fundamental and may pose important questions at the current concept of reflux of gastric juice as a common cause of laryngopharyngeal inflammation.
Utility of Voice Therapy in the Management of Vocal Fold Polyps and Cysts
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Garrett C. Gaelyn 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of voice therapy in the management of vocal fold polyps and cysts.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective review of vocal fold cysts and polyps undergoing voice therapy in a tertiary care center. Symptom resolution or persistence resulting in surgical intervention was the main outcome measure.RESULTSFifty‐seven patients were identified, of which 49.1% achieved symptom resolution with voice therapy alone. Patients with complete glottal closure and muscle tension dysphonia did not have a better response than those with incomplete glottal closure and without muscle tension dysphonia (P = 0.1, χ2, respectively). Patients with translucent polyps more commonly responded to voice therapy than fibrotic, hyaline, or hemorrhagic polyps, 81.8% versus 15.4% and 25.0% response rate, respectively (P = 0.002, χ2).CONCLUSIONSVoice therapy is an effective treatment modality for vocal fold polyps and cysts.SIGNIFICANCEA multidisciplinary approach including a trial of voice therapy is warranted.
The Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration in Parotid Malignancy
Authors: Lin Aaron C. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo determine clinical utility of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in parotid neoplasia.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective cohort study.METHODSFNA and final pathology data were reviewed for patients who underwent parotidectomy for malignancy. Surgical outcomes were compared between patients with malignant cytology versus nonmalignant/nondiagnostic cytology.RESULTSTwenty‐seven of 33 primary malignant parotid lesions underwent FNA. Seventeen (63.0%) patients were diagnosed with cancer on FNA. The remaining 16 patients did not undergo FNA (n = 6), had a nondiagnostic FNA specimen (n = 5), or were incorrectly diagnosed with a benign lesion (n = 5). Patients who went on to parotidectomy with intent to treat malignancy based on FNA had significantly higher rates of upfront neck dissections (47.1% vs 12.5%, P = 0.036) as well as clear pathological margins (70.6% vs 31.3%, P = 0.027) vs those with nonmalignant FNA diagnoses.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative FNA diagnosis of malignancy improves surgical treatment of parotid cancer.SIGNIFICANCEFNA in the evaluation of parotid masses should strongly be considered.
Frozen‐Section Biopsy Analysis for Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ghadiali Murtaza T. , Deckard Nathan A. , Farooq Uzma , Astor Frank , Robinson Phillip , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate sensitivity and specificity of frozen‐section biopsy in the diagnosis of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective chart review of all patients treated for AIFRS at the University of Miami between 1993 and 2005. Twenty patients with the clinical diagnosis of AIFRS were identified. Histopathological data were collected to evaluate the use of frozen‐section biopsy to diagnose the disease.RESULTSPermanent pathology sections were positive for AIFRS in all specimens. Frozen‐section biopsies were positive for fungal features in all but five cases (four with Mucor and one with Aspergillus). High positive predictive values were found for both fungal types and for both sets of patients (bedside and intraoperative).CONCLUSIONFrozen‐section biopsy is a useful tool for rapid and effective diagnosis in patients with suspected AIFRS. A positive frozen‐section result is highly predictive of invasive disease and merits prompt surgical intervention.
Nucleus Freedom North American Clinical Trial
Authors: Balkany Thomas , Hodges Annelle , Menapace Christine , Hazard Linda , Driscoll Colin , Gantz Bruce , Kelsall David , Luxford William , McMenomy Sean , Neely J. Gail , Peters Brian , Pillsbury Harold , Roberson Joseph , Schramm David , Telian Steven , Waltzman Susan , Westerberg Brian , Payne Stacy 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate hearing outcomes and effects of stimulation rate on performance with the Nucleus Freedom cochlear implant (Cochlear Americas, Denver, CO).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRandomized, controlled, prospective, single‐blind clinical study using single‐subject repeated measures (A‐B‐A‐B) design at 14 academic centers in the United States and Canada and comparison with outcomes of a prior device by the same manufacturer.PATIENTSSeventy‐one severely/profoundly hearing impaired adults.RESULTSSeventy‐one adult recipients were randomly programmed in two different sets of rate: ACE or higher rate ACE RE. Mean scores for Consonant Nucleus Consonant words is 57%, Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) sentences in quiet 78%, and HINT sentences in noise 64%. Sixty‐seven percent of subjects preferred slower rates of stimulation, and performance did not improve with higher rates of stimulation using this device.CONCLUSIONSSubjects performed well, and there was no advantage to higher stimulation rates with this device.SIGNIFICANCEHigher stimulation rates do not necessarily result in improved performance.
The Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT): Can we Make it More Clinically Meaningful?
Authors: Browne John Patrick , Hopkins Claire , Slack Robert , Cano Stefan J. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVETo test whether subscales should be used when analyzing the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGProspective cohort study involved 87 acute NHS hospitals in England and Wales.RESULTSWith the use of exploratory factor analysis we found evidence for the existence of four unique constructs within the SNOT. Two constructs address symptoms (rhinologic and ear/facial) and two address aspects of health‐related quality of life (psychological issues and sleep function). Subscales of the SNOT that correspond to these constructs provided clinically meaningful information over and above that provided by the SNOT total score on the type of surgical benefits gained by patients with different sino‐nasal conditions.CONCLUSIONThe SNOT is not unidimensional and a SNOT total score will mask variation in the true underlying constructs.SIGNIFICANCEThe SNOT would have greatly improved clinical use if it was scored with appropriate subscales. Such a measure would allow us to tease out the differential impact of sino‐nasal conditions, in addition to allowing greater understanding of treatment effects.