bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 outcomes in haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Western Australia: the value of vaccination and antiviral therapy
Authors: Malherbe Jacques A. J. , Boan Peter , Purtill Duncan , Wright Matthew , Cannell Paul , Gangatharan Shane A. , Sidiqi Hasib , Cooney Julian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCoronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) mortality rates among haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients are high, ranging between 20% and 40%. We prospectively evaluated the mortality outcomes of COVID‐19 in Western Australian HSCT patients. A total of 32/492 (6.5%) HSCT recipients contracted COVID‐19 during the study, of whom 30/32 (94%) developed mild or asymptomatic disease. Two allogeneic HSCT patients were hospitalised for severe COVID‐19; one patient died. Stringent healthcare, social isolation practices, aggressive vaccination programmes and rapid access to COVID‐19 antivirals may have promoted mild COVID‐19 illness in Western Australian HSCT patients, resulting in one of the lowest COVID‐19 mortality rates in HSCT recipients worldwide.
PGC‐1α regulates the interplay between oxidative stress, senescence and autophagy in the ageing retina important in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Gurubaran Iswariyaraja Sridevi , Watala Cezary , Kostanek Joanna , Szczepanska Joanna , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Kaarniranta Kai , Blasiak Janusz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe previously showed that mice with knockout in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PPARGC1A) gene encoding the PGC‐1α protein, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2) gene, exhibited some features of the age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotype. To further explore the mechanism behind the involvement of PGC‐1α in AMD pathogenesis we used young (3‐month) and old (12‐month) mice with knockout in the PPARGC1A gene and age‐matched wild‐type (WT) animals. An immunohistochemical analysis showed age‐dependent different expression of markers of oxidative stress defence, senescence and autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium of KO animals as compared with their WT counterparts. Multivariate inference testing showed that senescence and autophagy proteins had the greatest impact on the discrimination between KO and WT 3‐month animals, but proteins of antioxidant defence also contributed to that discrimination. A bioinformatic analysis showed that PGC‐1α might coordinate the interplay between genes encoding proteins involved in antioxidant defence, senescence and autophagy in the ageing retina. These data support importance of PGC‐1α in AMD pathogenesis and confirm the utility of mice with PGC‐1α knockout as an animal model to study AMD pathogenesis.
What characteristics are most important in stratifying patients into groups with different risk of diabetic foot ulceration?
Authors: Naemi Roozbeh , Chockalingam Nachiappan , Lutale Janet K , Abbas Zulfiqarali G 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to assess if patients can be divided into different strata, and to explore if these correspond to the risk of diabetic foot complications.Materials and MethodsA set of 28 demographic, vascular, neurological and biomechanical measures from 2,284 (1,310 men, 974 women) patients were included in this study. A two‐step cluster analysis technique was utilised to divide the patients into groups, each with similar characteristics.ResultsOnly two distinct groups: group 1 (n = 1,199; 669 men, 530 women) and group 2 (n = 1,072; 636 men, 436 women) were identified. From continuous variables, the most important predictors of grouping were: ankle vibration perception threshold (16.9 ± 4.1 V vs 31.9 ± 7.4 V); hallux vibration perception threshold (16.1 ± 4.7 V vs 33.1 ± 7.9 V); knee vibration perception threshold (18.2 ± 5.1 V vs 30.1 ± 6.5 V); average temperature sensation threshold to cold (29.2 ± 1.1°C vs 26.7 ± 0.7°C) and hot (35.4 ± 1.8°C vs 39.5 ± 1.0°C) stimuli, and average temperature tolerance threshold to hot stimuli at the foot (43.4 ± 0.9°C vs 46.6 ± 1.3°C). From categorical variables, only impaired sensation to touch was found to have importance at the highest levels: 87.4% of those with normal sensation were in group 1; whereas group 2 comprised 95.1%, 99.3% and 90.5% of those with decreased, highly‐decreased and absent sensation to touch, respectively. In addition, neuropathy (monofilament) was a moderately important predictor (importance level 0.52) of grouping with 26.2% of participants with neuropathy in group 1 versus 73.5% of participants with neuropathy in group 2. Ulceration during follow up was almost fivefold higher in group 2 versus group 1.ConclusionsImpaired sensations to temperature, vibration and touch were shown to be the strongest factors in stratifying patients into two groups with one group having almost 5‐fold risk of future foot ulceration compared to the other.
Open clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a novel eyelash growth enhancer with peptides and glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Fernandez‐Gonzalez Pablo , Truchuelo‐Díez Maria Teresa , Gómez‐Sánchez Maria José 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEyelashes play a crucial role in self‐image and ocular protection. Enhancements to their structure are of both cosmetic and clinical interest.AimsTo assess the efficacy of a peptide and glycosaminoglycan‐based eyelash enhancer serum in improving eyelash structure.Patients/MethodsThis open‐label clinical trial involved 30 females aged 25–65. Eyelashes were assessed at baseline (D0), 4 weeks (D28), and 12 weeks (D84) using specialized software and high‐resolution imagery. Measurements included lash number, width, length, volume, arc, and angle.ResultsAt 12 weeks, significant increases were observed in lash length (+8.3%), number (+5%), width (+10.1%), volume (+14.1%), arc (+13.4%), and angle (+28.3%) compared to baseline. Global Eyelash Assessment (GEA) scores significantly improved, and patient treatment satisfaction increased from 73.34% at D28 to 84.33% at D84. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionsThe eyelash growth enhancer serum demonstrated significant efficacy in improving eyelash structure by Week 12, with early signs of improvement evident by Week 4. The high patient satisfaction levels underscore the perceived effectiveness of the product.
Synthesis of temporomandibular disorders management intervention outcomes for development of core outcome sets: A systematic review
Authors: Ferreira N. R. , Marto C. M. , de Sousa B. M. , Loureiro M. , Oliveira A. T. , DosSantos M. F. , Rodrigues M. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe selection of appropriate outcomes in clinical trials and systematic reviews is a crucial factor in determining the results that are useful, reliable, and relevant for both patients and healthcare professionals. Clinicians and researchers have been encouraged to develop and apply core outcome sets (COS) to minimise the discrepancy between studies.AimThis systematic review is the first phase of the COS development project for clinical trials in temporomandibular disorders (COS‐TMD). It aims to identify and synthesise the outcomes used in the randomised controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions used in TMD management.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was performed in several databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. The eligibility criteria comprised RCT that applied any intervention to treat temporomandibular joint disorders or masticatory muscle disorders. The identified outcomes were categorised according to domains of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT).ResultsThe electronic search resulted in 1606 studies. After removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 106 RCT were included. A total of 43 studies evaluated masticatory muscle disorders, 27 evaluated temporomandibular joint disorders, and 36 analysed mixed TMD.ConclusionsThe evaluation showed significant variability in the types of outcomes and their measurement instruments. In addition, some domains such as physical and emotional functioning, participant ratings of global improvement and adverse events have been neglected when determining the effectiveness of treatments for TMD.
LC3B labeling of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Plasmodium berghei liver stage parasites depends on the V‐ATPase and ATG16L1
Authors: Bindschedler Annina , Schmuckli‐Maurer Jacqueline , Buchser Sophie , Fischer Tara D. , Wacker Rahel , Davalan Tim , Brunner Jessica , Heussler Volker T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe protozoan parasite Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, undergoes an obligatory stage of intra‐hepatic development before initiating a blood‐stage infection. Productive invasion of hepatocytes involves the formation of a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) generated by the invagination of the host cell plasma membrane. Surrounded by the PV membrane (PVM), the parasite undergoes extensive replication. During intracellular development in the hepatocyte, the parasites provoke the Plasmodium‐associated autophagy‐related (PAAR) response. This is characterized by a long‐lasting association of the autophagy marker protein, and ATG8 family member, LC3B with the PVM. LC3B localization at the PVM does not follow the canonical autophagy pathway since upstream events specific to canonical autophagy are dispensable. Here, we describe that LC3B localization at the PVM of Plasmodium parasites requires the V‐ATPase and its interaction with ATG16L1. The WD40 domain of ATG16L1 is crucial for its recruitment to the PVM. Thus, we provide new mechanistic insight into the previously described PAAR response targeting Plasmodium liver stage parasites.
Adipose exosomal noncoding RNAs: Roles and mechanisms in metabolic diseases
Authors: Wu Yan‐Lin , Lin Zheng‐Jun , Li Chang‐Chun , Lin Xiao , Shan Su‐Kang , Guo Bei , Zheng Ming‐Hui , Wang Yi , Li Fuxingzi , Yuan Ling‐Qing 
Published: April 2024

SummaryExosomes are extracellular vesicles, measuring 40–160 nm in diameter, that are released by many cell types and tissues, including adipose tissue. Exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular communication and their contents are complex and diverse. In recent years, accumulating evidence has proved that multiple adipose tissue‐derived exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of diverse metabolic diseases, such as obesity. In this narrative review, we focus on the adipose tissue‐derived exosomal ncRNAs, especially exosomal miRNAs, and their dysregulation in multiple types of metabolic diseases. A deeper understanding of the role of adipose tissue‐derived exosomal ncRNAs may help provide new diagnostic and treatment methods for metabolic diseases.
Ultrasound guided costoclavicular block in pediatric population: A prospective observational study
Authors: Ashwin M. , Kumar Kanil Ranjith , Sinha Renu , Jha Sukriti , Subramaniam Rajeshwari , Bhoi Debesh , Patel Nishant 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe costoclavicular space serves as an alternative approach to the infraclavicular brachial plexus block, and numerous studies in adults have demonstrated promising outcomes for distal upper limb surgery. Blocking the brachial plexus at this level is potentially advantageous because the cords are relatively superficial, located in close proximity to each other and easily identified using ultrasound.AimsThis study aimed to assess the success rate and feasibility of costoclavicular block in children undergoing unilateral below elbow upper limb surgery.MethodsThirty children aged 2–12 years scheduled for unilateral below elbow surgery under general anesthesia were included. Costoclavicular block was performed under ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance with 0.5% ropivacaine, 0.5 mL/kg. Success was evaluated based on the absence of significant hemodynamic response to skin incision made 20 min after the block. The sono‐anatomy of costoclavicular space, ease of needling, complications, and the post‐operative pain scores were assessed.ResultsThe mean age and weight of the children were 6.5 ± 3.8 years and 19.7 ± 9.1 kg, respectively. The success rate of costoclavicular block in our cohort is 100%. Sonographic visualization was graded as excellent (Likert Scale 2) in 90% of cases. The plexus was located at a depth of 1.4 ± 0.3 cm from the skin, the lateral extent of cords from the artery was 0.8 ± 0.4 cm and they were observed inferior and lateral to the artery. The mean needling time was 3.6 ± 1.1 min. None of the children experienced complications such as vascular or pleural puncture, hematoma, Horner's syndrome or diaphragmatic palsy. Postoperative pain scores were low, and no rescue analgesia was required.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the costoclavicular block exhibited a notably high success rate in pediatric population. This study substantiates that the three cords of the brachial plexus are consistently visible and superficial during ultrasound examination using this approach, confirming their separation from vascular structures and the reliable achievement of blockade without observed complications.
Treating neuropathic pain and comorbid affective disorders: Preclinical and clinical evidence
Authors: Coelho David Richer Araujo , Gersten Maia , Jimenez Alma Sanchez , Fregni Felipe , Cassano Paolo , Vieira Willians Fernando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionNeuropathic pain (NP) significantly impacts quality of life and often coexists with affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. Addressing both NP and its psychiatric manifestations requires a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic options. This study aimed to review the main pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments for NP and comorbid affective disorders to describe their mechanisms of action and how they are commonly used in clinical practice.MethodsA review was conducted across five electronic databases, focusing on pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments for NP and its associated affective disorders. The following combination of MeSH and title/abstract keywords were used: “neuropathic pain,” “affective disorders,” “depression,” “anxiety,” “treatment,” and “therapy.” Both animal and human studies were included to discuss the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of these interventions.ResultsPharmacological interventions, including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, modulate neural synaptic transmission to alleviate NP. Topical agents, such as capsaicin, lidocaine patches, and botulinum toxin A, offer localized relief by desensitizing pain pathways. Some of these drugs, especially antidepressants, also treat comorbid affective disorders. Non‐pharmacological techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and photobiomodulation therapy, modulate cortical activity and have shown promise for NP and mood disorders.ConclusionsThe interconnection between NP and comorbid affective disorders necessitates holistic therapeutic strategies. Some pharmacological treatments can be used for both conditions, and non‐pharmacological interventions have emerged as promising complementary approaches. Future research should explore novel molecular pathways to enhance treatment options for these interrelated conditions.
Emerging adult siblings' relational entitlement and conflict: The moderating effects of financial dependence on parents
Authors: Zhou Weimiao , Woszidlo Alesia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPast literature has documented a linkage between entitlement and interpersonal tension, primarily in romantic relationships. However, there is a lack of research investigating the impact of entitlement on sibling relationships. Guided by the agency model of narcissism and adult development literature, this study conceptualized relational entitlement as one form of state narcissism and examined the actor and partner effects of relational entitlement on perceived sibling conflict as well as the moderating effects of financial dependence on parents. Participants were 136 emerging adult sibling dyads (older sibling Mage = 22.20, SD = 2.35; younger sibling Mage = 19.54, SD = 1.55). Results indicated that younger siblings' (not older siblings') relational entitlement was positively associated with both their own and their siblings' perceptions of conflict. Moreover, younger siblings' financial dependence buffered the actor association between younger siblings' relational entitlement and perceived conflict. These findings suggest that emerging adult siblings' developmental status of financial dependence provides a nuanced context for understanding the actor and partner effects of relational entitlement on sibling conflict. The discussion focuses on the role of self‐inflated social comparison in emerging adult sibling conflict and how the developmental characteristics of older and younger siblings shape the above associations.
Malignant melanoma and lymph node metastases appearing as hyperattenuating masses on computed tomography in a dog
Authors: van der Laan Luzanne , Le Roux Christelle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 16‐year‐old male castrated Dachshund cross dog was referred for a dental and a mass on the right side of the face. CT revealed several heterogenous precontrast hyperattenuating masses within the subcutaneous tissue over the masseter muscle, demonstrating marked contrast uptake. The ipsilateral mandibular lymph nodes were mildly enlarged and markedly hyperattenuating on precontrast images. A histopathological final diagnosis of malignant melanoma with regional lymph node metastasis was made, and the hyperattenuating appearance was postulated to be due to its melanin content. This is the first published report of melanoma appearing as hyperattenuating masses on CT in small animals.
Sphingomonas
clade and functional distribution with simulated climate change
Authors: Sorouri Bahareh , Scales Nicholas C. , Gaut Brandon S. , Allison Steven D. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbes are essential for the functioning of all ecosystems, and as global warming and anthropogenic pollution threaten ecosystems, it is critical to understand how microbes respond to these changes. We investigated the climate response of
Sphingomonas
, a widespread gram-negative bacterial genus, during an 18-month microbial community reciprocal transplant experiment across a Southern California climate gradient. We hypothesized that after 18 months, the transplanted
Sphingomonas
clade and functional composition would correspond with site conditions and reflect the
Sphingomonas
composition of native communities. We extracted
Sphingomonas
sequences from metagenomic data across the gradient and assessed their clade and functional composition. Representatives of at least 12 major
Sphingomonas
clades were found at varying relative abundances along the climate gradient, and transplanted
Sphingomonas
clade composition shifted after 18 months. Site had a significant effect (PERMANOVA;
P
< 0.001) on the distribution of both
Sphingomonas
functional (R
2
= 0.465) and clade composition (R
2
= 0.400), suggesting that
Sphingomonas
composition depends on climate parameters. Additionally, for both
Sphingomonas
clade and functional composition, ordinations revealed that the transplanted communities shifted closer to the native
Sphingomonas
composition of the grassland site compared with the site they were transplanted into. Overall, our results indicate that climate and substrate collectively determine
Sphingomonas
clade and functional composition.

IMPORTANCE

Sphingomonas
is the most abundant gram-negative bacterial genus in litter-degrading microbial communities of desert, grassland, shrubland, and forest ecosystems in Southern California. We aimed to determine whether
Sphingomonas
responds to climate change in the same way as gram-positive bacteria and whole bacterial communities in these ecosystems. Within
Sphingomonas
, both clade composition and functional genes shifted in response to climate and litter chemistry, supporting the idea that bacteria respond similarly to climate at different scales of genetic variation. This understanding of how microbes respond to perturbation across scales may aid in future predictions of microbial responses to climate change.
Does an early, balanced resuscitation strategy reduce the incidence of hypofibrinogenemia in hemorrhagic shock?
Authors: Lubkin David T , Mueck Krislynn M , Hatton Gabrielle E , Brill Jason B , Sandoval Mariela , Cardenas Jessica C , Wade Charles E , Cotton Bryan A 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesSome centers have recommended including concentrated fibrinogen replacement in massive transfusion protocols (MTPs). Given our center’s policy of aggressive early balanced resuscitation (1:1:1), beginning prehospital, we hypothesized that our rates of hypofibrinogenemia may be lower than those previously reported.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients presenting to our trauma center November 2017 to April 2021 were reviewed. Patients were defined as hypofibrinogenemic (HYPOFIB) if admission fibrinogen <150 or rapid thrombelastography angle <60. Univariate and multivariable analyses assessed risk factors for HYPOFIB. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses assessed the relationship between cryoprecipitate administration and outcomes.ResultsOf 29 782 patients, 6618 level 1 activations, and 1948 patients receiving emergency release blood, <1%, 2%, and 7% were HYPOFIB. HYPOFIB patients were younger, had higher head Abbreviated Injury Scale value, and had worse coagulopathy and shock. HYPOFIB had lower survival (48% vs 82%, p<0.001), shorter time to death (median 28 (7, 50) vs 36 (14, 140) hours, p=0.012), and were more likely to die from head injury (72% vs 51%, p<0.001). Risk factors for HYPOFIB included increased age (OR (95% CI) 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99), p=0.03), head injury severity (OR 1.24 (1.06 to 1.46), p=0.009), lower arrival pH (OR 0.01 (0.001 to 0.20), p=0.002), and elevated prehospital red blood cell to platelet ratio (OR 1.20 (1.02 to 1.41), p=0.03). Among HYPOFIB patients, there was no difference in survival for those that received early cryoprecipitate (within 2 hours; 40 vs 47%; p=0.630). On inverse probability of treatment weighted analysis, early cryoprecipitate did not benefit the full cohort (OR 0.52 (0.43 to 0.65), p<0.001), nor the HYPOFIB subgroup (0.28 (0.20 to 0.39), p<0.001).ConclusionsLow rates of hypofibrinogenemia were found in our center which treats hemorrhage with early, balanced resuscitation. Previously reported higher rates may be partially due to unbalanced resuscitation and/or delay in resuscitation initiation. Routine empiric inclusion of concentrated fibrinogen replacement in MTPs is not supported by the currently available data.Level of evidenceLevel III.
A continuous beam monochromator for matter waves
Authors: Fiedler Johannes , Holst Bodil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Atom and, of late, molecule interferometers find application in both the crucible of fundamental research and industrial pursuits. A prevalent methodology in the construction of atom interferometers involves the utilisation of gratings fashioned from laser beams. While this approach imparts commendable precision, it is hampered by its incapacity to attain exceedingly short wavelengths and its dependence on intricate laser systems for operational efficacy. All applications require the control of matter waves, particularly the particle’s velocity. In this manuscript, we propose a continuous beam monochromator scheme reaching enormously high velocity purification with speed ratios in the order of $$10^3$$

10
3

based on atom-surface diffraction. Beyond these high purifications, the proposed scheme simplifies the application by reducing the degree of freedom to a single angle, selecting the wanted particle’s velocity.

Graphic abstract