bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conscious sedation in pediatric dental procedures: Experience from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Jaafaru Rufai , Akinlade Akinwaleola Adeyinka , Bello Galadima Ibrahim , Abdullahi Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The management of fear and anxiety in children scheduled for dental procedures has been a great challenge to the operating dental surgeon. Despite several controversies regarding the effectiveness, and safety of conscious sedation in dental and minor oral surgical procedures, it is widely used nowadays in dental practice. This study aimed to present a retrospective analysis of pediatric dental patients managed under conscious sedation.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted over 5 years. After obtaining ethical approval from the research and ethics committee of the institution, the case records of all patients from 15 years and below who had a dental procedure under conscious sedation were retrieved. The demographics, procedures performed, the drug and dosage used, and length of the procedure were also recorded. Data obtained were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25.

Results:
A total of 196 patients were included, 92 (46.9%) males and 104 (53.1%) females in the age range of 1–14 years and mean ± SD of 6.79 ± 2.98 years. The age categories were analyzed against the gender which revealed more female children between 6 and 10 years with no statistically significant difference (χ
2 = 4.566; df = 2; P = 0.102). The conscious sedation was done with ketamine 1–2 mg/kg intravenously in 72 patients (36.7%) and 3–4 mg/kg intramuscularly in 124 patients (63.3%), and additional doses were given in 93 patients (47.4%). Pulpectomy only constitutes the highest procedure performed in 42 patients (21.4%). The range length of the procedures was 5–67 min. Multiple procedures were performed in 52 (26.5%) of the patients. All patients were monitored until complete recovery, and no complications were recorded.

Conclusion:
Conscious sedation with ketamine was found effective and safe during dental and minor oral surgical procedures. With good functional suction, conscious sedation can provide excellent patient cooperation in carrying out multiple procedures in pediatric dental patients.
Hubungan Pendidikan dan Paritas dengan Keikutsertaan Ibu Hamil dalam Kelas Yoga di Desa Kalipang Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Nita Elin Soya , Lailaturrohmah Lailaturrohmah 
Published: March 2024

Pregnancy is a natural method experienced by women and is not included in the pathological category except in special conditions, because pregnancy will experience both anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations which increase according to gestational age. During pregnancy there will be changes in all body systems both physically and psychologically One method that can be used to help and relieve pregnant women in preparing for a healthy pregnancy and physiological delivery is exercise. One good exercise for pregnant women is yoga for pregnant women / prenatal yoga. This research is a type of analytic quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach with the independent variables being Education and parity and the dependent variable being the participation of pregnant women in yoga classes with analysis using the Chi Square test. Total sampling data analysis. From the research data, the results of statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship between education and parity with the participation of pregnant women in yoga classes in Kalipang Village, Kediri Regency in 2023 with a P value of 0.463.
Uji Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Diinduksi Oleum Ricini
Authors: Hasanah Fenny , Saputri Muharni , Siahaan Desi Natalia , Kusuma Putri Arya , Matondang Sri Rezki Rudhoh 
Published: March 2024

Matoa leaf is a plant that is used as traditional medicine. Matoa leaves contain tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and glycosideswhich acts as an antidiarrheal. Oleum riciniis a triglyceride that is efficacious as a laxative. The purpose of this study was to prove that matoa leaves can be efficacious as an antidiarrheal.
This study used an experimental method, using matoa leaf assay (Pometia pinnata J. R Forst & G. Forst.) with oleum ricini induction. This research includes the collection, processing, phytochemical screening, preparation of suspension of ethanol extract of matoa leaves, and testing the effectiveness antidiarrheal of suspension of ethanolic extract of matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst& G. Forst.). The results of phytochemical screening on matoa leaf simplicia powder (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst& G. Forst.) and ethanol extract of matoa leaf (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst & G. Forst.) which has tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The results showed that EEDM at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw had an antidiarrheal effect comparable to EEDM at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw and had a stronger antidiarrheal effect than EEDM 75 mg/kg bw. The results also showed that the EEDM dose of 300 mg/kgbw was not significantly different from that of Loperamide HCl.
The Role of Pragmatics in Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Smith George 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The general purpose of this study was to explore the role of pragmatics in cross-cultural communication.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to pragmatics in cross-cultural communication. The study provided valuable insights into the pivotal role of pragmatics in facilitating effective communication across diverse cultural contexts. By exploring principles such as speech acts, politeness strategies, and implicature, the research enhanced understanding of how language is used and interpreted in cross-cultural interactions. The findings underscored the importance of pragmatic competence and cultural sensitivity in achieving mutual understanding. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for incorporating pragmatic awareness training into educational curricula and policymaking efforts to promote cultural inclusivity and cooperation. Overall, the study's contributions deepen our understanding of cross-cultural communication dynamics and offer practical guidance for navigating cultural differences in an interconnected world.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Speech Act theory, Politeness theory and Relevance theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of pragmatics in cross-cultural communication. The study provided several key recommendations that contributed to both theory and practice in the field of intercultural communication. These recommendations included incorporating pragmatic competence training into educational curricula, implementing cross-cultural training programs in organizations, developing initiatives and policies to promote intercultural understanding, considering cultural factors in online communication platforms, engaging in reflective practices to enhance awareness of cultural differences, and establishing cross-cultural pragmatics as a distinct field of study. These suggestions aimed to enhance individuals' ability to navigate cross-cultural interactions effectively, promote inclusivity and mutual understanding in diverse settings, and advance theoretical knowledge in the field of intercultural communication.
Employee Advocacy Programs in Public Relations
Authors: Mutuzo Anne 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The general aim of the study was to determine how the implementation of employee advocacy programs influences the effectiveness of employee advocacy programs in the context of public relations.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to employee advocacy programs in public relations. Preliminary empirical review revealed that that these initiatives played a significant role in shaping organizational culture, enhancing brand perception, and fostering stakeholder relationships. Through a comprehensive review of empirical research, it was found that employee advocacy positively influenced employee engagement, organizational reputation, consumer trust, and crisis management. Factors such as leadership support, clear communication, organizational culture, and employee training were identified as critical drivers of program success. Additionally, research highlighted the impact of advocacy programs on consumer trust and purchase intentions, emphasizing their strategic value in building brand credibility and loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore emerging trends and best practices in employee advocacy.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Identity, Social Exchange and Social Learning theories may be used to anchor future studies on employee advocacy programs in public relations. The study provided valuable recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy in the field. It suggested further exploration of theoretical frameworks such as Social Identity Theory and Social Exchange Theory to better understand employee advocacy dynamics. Practitioners were advised to prioritize leadership support, authenticity, and transparency in advocacy efforts while investing in training and development programs for employees. Additionally, the study recommended the development of clear policies and metrics to guide and evaluate advocacy initiatives. Emphasis was placed on fostering a supportive organizational culture, promoting collaboration, and cross-functional integration to maximize the impact of employee advocacy programs.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Rosmarinus officinalis L. IN MACROPHAGE CELLS
Authors: Kavitha KR , Suma BS , Jyothilekshmi B , Prasanth KP 
Published: March 2024

The use of plant-based drugs against various human disorders have attained
global interest. Multicomponent essential oils are used to cure inflammation
related disorders. The present study was aimed to assess the anti
inflammatory potential of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (EO

RO) using in vitro model of LPS-activated RAW macrophage cell lines.

EO-RO was hydro-distilled using Clevenger apparatus and evaluated first
for protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activities, followed by
assays for cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities in RAW
264.7 macrophage cell lines. The data was statistically analysed by one-way
analysis of variance. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed in protein
denaturation with 50 µg mL-1 EO-RO exhibiting a maximum inhibition of
67.77%. Similarly, proteinase inhibitory assay depicted 72.47% inhibition.
The COX and LOX activities showed increased inhibitions in dose-dependent
manner i.e. 25 to 100 µg mL-1 EO-RO displayed 58.72 and 75.33%; 28.58-
40.86% inhibition, respectively.
Synergistic Enhancement of Strength, Ductility, and Corrosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Through Low Cu Doping and Hot Extrusion
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xu Jiameng , Xu Gang , Liu Xiao , Liu Zhongqiang , Yi Qizhong 
Published: March 2024

A Cu-containing Ti6Al4V alloy is considered an ideal biomedical material due to its excellent antibacterial properties. However, the addition of Cu leads to a mismatch in strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, which hinders their further application. To address this issue, the study utilized low Cu doping and hot extrusion to optimize the material’s properties. The results showed that the primary lamellar structures were transformed into equiaxed grains, with an average grain size reduced from 10 μm to 300 nm. The nanoequiaxed grains had a homogeneous elemental composition and a stronger base texture, with orientations aligned with the extrusion direction. As a result, synergistic strengthening in terms of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance was achieved. The film resistance increased from 127 kΩ·cm2 to 325 kΩ·cm2, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 1,030 MPa to 1,330 MPa, and the elongation increased from 7% to 21%. These improvements were attributed to the nanostructure and basal texture, which facilitated the formation of a thicker passive film and reduced pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance. Additionally, the nanoequiaxed grains could provide grain boundary strengthening and texture strengthening on UTS and ensure uniform deformation for elongation.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGGUNAAN PLATFORM DIGITAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMASARAN PRODUK UMKM DESA KEBONDALEM
Authors: Nanda Defi Anita Nanda , Finatsiyatull Rosida Dedin , Wardhani Mas’udah Kusuma , Abidin Achmad Zainal , Muruah Iftitan , Almira Nur Aini Zahra 
Published: March 2024

Pemasaran merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam menjalankan usaha. Kurang luasanya produk UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) dikenal oleh masyarakat, menjadikan UMKM sulit untuk berkembang. UMKM di Desa Kebondalem hanya mengandalkan pemasaran didaerah-daerah terdekat dan juga menerima pesanan dari konsumen atau warga sekitar. Pemanfaatan teknologi platform digital merupakan metode yang ditawarkan oleh kelompok 98 KKN Tematik MBKM UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur yang terdiri dari 10 anggota dalam bentuk pendampingan terhadap UMKM yang memang benar-benar ingin dibantu. Inovasi pemasaran menggunakan platform digital oleh pelaku UMKM merupakan cara terkini dan memiliki prospek tinggi untuk berhasil, sehingga masalah pemasaran dapat teratasi. Berdasarkan 21 data UMKM yang diperoleh terdapat 2 UMKM yang membutuhkan pendampingan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. 2 UMKM tersebut yaitu Kripik Madam dan Kerupuk Open 3 Putri. Pendampingan yang akan dilakukan untuk menghadapi masalah pemasaran ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan dengan kegiatan edukasi marketing, pembuatan atau revisi logo, foto produk, penggunaan sosial media dan adanya FGD (Forum Group Discussion) mengenai perkembangan sosial media. Setelah dilakukan pendampingan hampir selama 3 bulan, terlihat adanya perkembangan dari UMKM. Perkembangan tersebut dilihat dari awalnya 2 UMKM tersebut tidak memiliki social media, sekarang sudah memiliki. Selain itu akun sosial media sudah dilakukan upload foto produk dengan caption dan tagline yang menarik, bahkan sudah mampu menarik perhatian konsumen untuk membeli produk 2 UMKM tersebut. Kegiatan pemasaran offline yang sudah dilakukan oleh UMKM memiliki strategi sendiri untuk menarik konsumen, hal tersebut harus tetap dilanjutkan. Pemasaran menggunakan platform digital merupakan suatu metode baru untuk mempromosikan produk agar dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu, alangkah baiknya pemasaran offline dan online saling berkolaborasi untuk dilakukan agar produk dapat dikenal secara luas, meningkatkan penjualan serta mampu mengembangkan UMKM.
SOSIALISASI PEMERIKSAAN KUAT JEPIT PENAMBAT REL KERETA API DENGAN ALAT PPI CF01 DI BALAI PERAWATAN PERKERETAAPIAN NGROMBO
Authors: Prihatanto Rusman 
Published: March 2024

Penambat merupakan salah satu komponen jalan rel yang sangat penting yang fungsinya salah satunya adalah menahan agar rel tetap kokoh berada pada tempatnya. Pemeriksaan sistem penambat dilakukan untuk memastikan penambat berfungsi dengan baik, komponennya lengkap dan tidak kendor/koclak. Jika clip pada penambat kendor/koclak maka penambat kehilangan gaya jepitnya sehingga ada potensi rel mengalami pergeseran yang tentunya dapat membahayakan operasi kereta api. Sosialisasi Pemeriksaan Kuat Jepit Penambat Rel Kereta Api Dengan Alat PPI CF01 Di Balai Perawatan Perkeretaapian Ngrombo dilakukan untuk meningkatkan knowledge dan skill pegawai Balai Perawatan Perkeretaapian dalam melakukan pemeriksaan jalur dan bangunan perkeretaapian, khususnya pemeriksaan penambat rel kereta api.

Kata Kunci:
Penambat, Kuat Jepit,Jalan Rel
DIGITAL BANKING AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A REVIEW OF PRACTICES IN THE USA AND NIGERIA
Authors: Uchenna Innocent Nnaomah  , Samuel Aderemi  , David Olanrewaju Olutimehin  , Omamode Henry Orieno  , Damilola Oluwaseun Ogundipe  
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the role of digital banking in advancing financial inclusion in the United States and Nigeria, aiming to identify and compare practices and outcomes in these two distinct economic contexts. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and analysis of case studies, the study explores how digital banking platforms and services have been implemented and their impact on underserved populations. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of secondary data, policy documents, and interviews with key stakeholders in the banking sector of both countries.
Key findings reveal that digital banking has significantly contributed to financial inclusion by providing accessible, affordable, and convenient financial services. In the USA, technological advancements and a robust regulatory framework have fostered a competitive digital banking environment, leading to innovative solutions for reducing barriers to financial access. Conversely, in Nigeria, despite facing infrastructural and regulatory challenges, mobile banking and digital payment services have seen rapid growth, driven by the necessity to reach unbanked populations in remote areas.
The paper concludes that while both countries have made strides in leveraging digital banking for financial inclusion, the success and scale of implementation vary due to differences in economic development, regulatory environments, and technological infrastructure. It suggests that cross-country learning and adaptation of best practices could further enhance the effectiveness of digital banking in promoting financial inclusion globally. This study contributes to the understanding of digital banking's potential in bridging the financial inclusion gap and offers recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions in both developed and developing countries.
Keywords: Digital Banking, Financial Inclusion, Regulatory Frameworks, Policy Initiatives, Mobile Money, Digital Payment Systems, Regulatory Sandboxes, National Financial Inclusion Strategies, Consumer Protection, Financial Stability, Cybersecurity, Digital Literacy, Fintech Innovation.
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE: A REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
Authors: Chinyere Assumpta Onyenwe  , Chinyere Onwumere  , Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe  
Published: March 2024

The review provides a concise summary of the outlined paper on Socioeconomic Determinants of Mental Health and Substance Use, focusing on a review of relevant factors and proposing conceptual solutions for public health policy. This paper examines the intricate relationship between socioeconomic determinants and mental health, as well as substance use disorders, emphasizing their significant impact on individuals' well-being and the broader public health landscape. Through a comprehensive review, it elucidates how factors such as income, education, employment, and housing conditions shape patterns of mental health outcomes and substance use behaviors. The analysis underscores the pervasive influence of socioeconomic disparities, highlighting the disproportionate burden borne by marginalized communities. Low income, limited educational opportunities, unstable employment, and inadequate housing are identified as critical determinants exacerbating mental health issues and fostering substance use vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the paper offers conceptual solutions for public health policy aimed at addressing these socioeconomic determinants. It advocates for multifaceted approaches that target systemic inequalities, including income support programs, accessible education initiatives, strengthened mental health services, and comprehensive substance use prevention and treatment strategies. Emphasizing the importance of supportive housing environments, the proposed solutions prioritize holistic interventions that address the root causes of mental health disparities and substance use challenges. This paper underscores the imperative for policymakers to prioritize socioeconomic equity in crafting effective public health policies. By addressing the underlying determinants outlined herein, policymakers can foster a more inclusive and resilient society, where individuals have equitable access to resources and opportunities for optimal mental health and well-being.
Keywords: Socioeconomic, Mental Health, Substance Use, Public Health, Policy, Review
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Mohr Christian H. , Dietze Michael , Tolorza Violeta , Gonzalez Erwin , Sotomayor Benjamin , Iroume Andres , Gilfert Sten , Tautz Frieder 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The coastal temperate rainforests (CTRs) of Chilean Patagonia are a valuable forest biome on Earth given their prominent role in biogeochemical cycling and the ecological value and dynamics of surface processes. The Patagonian CTRs are amongst the most carbon-rich biomes on Earth. Together with frequent landscape disturbances, these forests potentially allow for episodic and massive release or sequestration of carbon into and from the atmosphere. We argue that, despite their particular biogeographic, geochemical, and ecological roles, the Patagonian CTRs in particular and the global CTRs in general are not adequately represented in the current catalog listing critical zone observatories (CZOs). Here, we present the Pumalín CZO as the first of its kind, located in Pumalín National Park in northern Chilean Patagonia. We consider our CZO a representative end-member of undisturbed ecosystem functioning of the Patagonian CTRs. We have identified four core research themes for the Pumalín CZO around which our activities circle in an integrative, quantitative, and generic approach using a range of emerging techniques. Our methodological blend includes an environmental seismology that also fills a critical spatiotemporal scale in terms of monitoring critical zone and surface processes with a minimum intervention in those pristine forests. We aim to gain quantitative understanding of these topics: (1) carbon sink functioning; (2) biota-driven landscape evolution; (3) water, biogeological, and energy fluxes; and (4) disturbance regime understanding. Our findings highlight the multitude of active functions that trees in particular and forests in general may have on the entire cascade of surface processes and the concomitant carbon cycling. This highlights the importance of an integrated approach, i.e., “one physical system”, as proposed by Richter and Billings (2015), and accounts for the recent advances in pushing nature conservation along the Chilean coast.