bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Immobilized Nerve Growth Factor on Conductive Polymers: Electrical Properties and Cellular Response
Authors: Kim D.‐H. , Richardson‐Burns S. M. , Hendricks J. L. , Sequera C. , Martin D. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe use of biologically active dopants in conductive polymers allows the polymer to be tailored for specific applications. The incorporation of nerve growth factor (NGF) as a co‐dopant in the electrochemical deposition of conductive polymers is evaluated for its ability to elicit specific biological interactions with neurons. The electrochemical properties of the NGF‐modified conducting polymers are studied by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Impedance measurements at the neurobiologically important frequency of 1 kHz reveal that the minimum impedance of the NGF‐modified polypyrrole (PPy) film, 15 kΩ, is lower than the minimum impedance of peptide‐modified PPy film (360 kΩ). Similar results are found with NGF‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The microstructure of the conductive polymer films is characterized by optical microscopy and electron microscopy and indicates that the NGF‐functionalized polymer surface topology is similar to that of the unmodified polymer film. Optical and fluorescence microscopy reveal that PC‐12 (rat pheochromacytoma) cells adhered to the NGF‐modified substrate and extended neurites on both PPy and PEDOT, indicating that the NGF in the polymer film is biologically active. Taken together these data indicate that the incorporation of NGF can modify the biological interactions of the electrode without compromising the conductive properties or the morphology of the polymeric film.
Imatinib mesylate induces hypophosphatemia in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in late chronic phase, and this effect is associated with response
Authors: Osorio S. , Noblejas A. García , Durán A. , Steegmann J.L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractImatinib is the drug of first choice for most patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although it is generally well tolerated, a number of hematological and nonhematological side‐effects have been described. We report here that imatinib induces hypophosphatemia in a high proportion of our series of CML patients previously treated with interferon α, and that this previously unreported side effect is associated with response. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chirale Ferrocenliganden in der asymmetrischen Katalyse
Authors: Gómez Arrayás Ramón , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTrotz schon beeindruckender Fortschritte im Bereich der asymmetrischen Katalyse während der letzten zehn Jahre hält die Nachfrage nach neuen Katalysatoren, Liganden und Anwendungen zur Entwicklung neuer Reaktionen und zur Verbesserung vorliegender Prozesse an. Wegen ihrer breiten Verfügbarkeit, besonderen stereochemischen Eigenschaften und der Möglichkeit, die sterischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften exakt abzustimmen, bilden Ferrocenliganden eine der vielseitigsten Ligandenklassen für die asymmetrische Katalyse. Ferrocenkatalysatoren wurden in zahlreichen enantioselektiven Prozessen unterschiedlichster Art eingesetzt, und dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Fortschritte der letzten Jahre. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Diskussion bahnbrechender asymmetrischer Prozesse und der Entwicklung neuer, effizienter Typen von Ferrocenliganden.
Recent Applications of Chiral Ferrocene Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Gómez Arrayás Ramón , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDespite the impressive progress achieved in asymmetric catalysis during the last decade, an increasing number of new catalysts, ligands, and applications are reported every year to satisfy the need to embrace a wider range of reactions and to improve the efficiency of existing processes. Because of their availability, unique stereochemical aspects, and wide variety of coordination modes and possibilities for the fine‐tuning of the steric and electronic properties, ferrocene‐based ligands constitute one of the most versatile ligand architectures in the current scenario of asymmetric catalysis. Over the last few years ferrocene catalysts have been successfully applied in an amazing variety of enantioselective processes. This Review documents these recent advances, with special emphasis on the most innovative asymmetric processes and the development of novel, efficient types of ferrocene ligands.
A hybrid active–passive fault‐tolerant control approach
Authors: Su Steven W. , Bao Jie , Lee Peter L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a hybrid active–passive approach to fault‐tolerant control (FTC). It combines the existing active fault‐tolerant control techniques with the newly developed passive decentralized unconditionally stabilizing (DUS) control. The FTC system is developed to achieve optimized performance under sensor failures that are most frequently encountered and/or have significant impact on the process, while guaranteeing the stability under any other failures. This approach can significantly reduce the level of complexity of FTC systems, leading to cost‐effective designs. A stability condition for control systems based on reconstructed virtual sensor outputs is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by control of a distillation column. Copyright © 2006 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of unstable processes with two RHP poles, a zero and time delay
Authors: Rao A. Seshagiri , Chidambaram M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA lead or lag compensator in series with a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller is designed for unstable processes with two unstable poles and a zero with time delay. Such transfer functions arise in modeling an isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) carrying out autocatalytic reactions, in crystallizers and in nonisothermal CSTRs. The direct synthesis method is used for the design of the controller. The desired closed‐loop transfer function is specified to get the required PID controller with lead/lag compensator. Simulation studies are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. For systems with and without negative zero, significant improvement is obtained when compared to the method proposed by Lee et al., (Chem. Eng. Sci. 2000; 55: 3481–3493). Copyright © 2006 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape‐Dependent Catalytic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles for the Oxidation of Styrene
Authors: Xu Run , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Jiatao , Li Yadong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMetal nanoparticles with different shapes have different crystallographic faces. It is therefore of interest to study the effect of the shape of metal nanoparticles on their catalytic activity in various organic and inorganic reactions. Truncated triangular silver nanoplates with well‐defined planes were synthesized by a simple solvothermal approach. The activity of these truncated triangular silver nanoparticles was compared with that of cubic and near‐spherical silver nanoparticles in the oxidation of styrene in colloidal solution. It was found that the crystal faces of silver nanoparticles play an essential role in determining the catalytic oxidation properties. The silver nanocubes had the {100} crystal faces as the basal plane, whereas truncated triangular nanoplates and near‐spherical nanoparticles predominantly exposed the most‐stable {111} crystal faces. As a result, the rate of the reaction over the nanocubes was more than 14 times higher than that on nanoplates and four times higher than that on near‐spherical nanoparticles.
Impact of renal dysfunction on operative mortality following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: van Eps R G Statius , Leurs L J , Hobo R , Harris P L , Buth J 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Preoperative renal dysfunction is a significant risk factor for death after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The aim of this study was to determine whether renal dysfunction also affected mortality after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Methods
Patients from the EUROSTAR registry were stratified into two groups: 4198 with normal renal function (creatinine less than 133 µmol/ml) and 969 with renal dysfunction (serum creatinine more than 133 µmol/ml). Patient characteristics and postoperative complications in the two groups were compared and the effect of renal dysfunction on operative mortality was analysed by multivariable regression models.

Results
Patients with renal dysfunction had significantly more co-morbidities, including cardiac and pulmonary impairment. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in the group with renal dysfunction (6·2 versus 2·0 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). A significant increase in mortality (5·5 per cent) was also seen in patients with moderate renal dysfunction (serum creatinine 133–265 µmol/ml). After adjustment for age and other risk factors, renal dysfunction was still an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality (odds ratio 2·3, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·6 to 3·3; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Renal dysfunction was a significant and independent risk factor for death after endovascular aneurysm repair.
Complex Biohopanoids Synthesis: Efficient Anchoring of Ribosyl Subunits onto a C30 Hopane
Authors: Pan Weidong , Sun Chao , Zhang Yongmin , Liang Guangyi , Sinaÿ Pierre , Vincent Stéphane P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBacteriohopanoids represent a particularly important series of triterpenoids, widely distributed in bacteria. One of the common features of these pentacyclic hopanepolyols is the presence of an extended non‐terpenoid and polyhydroxylated side chain attached to the triterpenic moiety through a CC bond. The biological function of biohopanoids also has to be addressed when one considers the broad diversity in both structures and functionalities found in the side chain. Moreover, the stereochemistries of some biohopanoids are still unconfirmed, due to the lack of synthetic methods to prepare them. In this study we describe an efficient methodology for the formation of the CC bond between the C30‐hopane component and C5‐polyhydroxylated carbohydrates through the use of a hopanyllithium intermediate, which has enabled us to synthesize several biohopanoid derivatives. We also report the first synthesis of hopanepentol bearing an additional hydroxy group at position C31.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Nonclassical Ruthenium Hydride Complexes Containing Chelating Bidentate and Tridentate Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Prechtl Martin H. G. , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Giunta Daniela , Busch Stefan , Taniguchi Yuki , Wisniewski Wolfgang , Görls Helmar , Mynott Richard J. , Theyssen Nils , Milstein David , Leitner Walter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of nonclassical ruthenium hydride complexes containing bidentate PP and tridentate PCP and PNP pincer‐type ligands are described. The mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium complexes presented have been synthesised in moderate to high yields by the direct hydrogenation route (one‐pot synthesis) or in a two‐step procedure. In both cases [Ru(cod)(metallyl)2] served as a readily available precursor. The influences of the coordination geometry and the ligand framework on the structure, binding, and chemical properties of the MH2 fragments were studied by X‐ray crystal structure analysis, spectroscopic methods, and reactivity towards N2, D2, and deuterated solvents.
Catalytic Applications of Metal Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Migowski Pedro , Dupont Jaïrton 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (MNPs) with a small diameter and narrow size distribution can be prepared by H2 reduction of metal compounds or decomposition of organometallic species dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs). MNPs dispersed in ILs are catalysts for reactions under multiphase conditions. These soluble MNPs possess a pronounced surfacelike rather than single‐site like catalytic properties. In other cases the MNPs are not stable and tend to aggregate or serve as reservoirs of mononuclear catalytically active species.
Asymmetric catalysis of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reactions by chiral phosphine Lewis bases bearing multiple phenol groups
Authors: Shi Min , Liu Ying‐Hao , Chen Lian‐Hui 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) reactions of arylaldehydes with methyl vinyl ketone, it was observed that in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral phosphine Lewis base (CPLB) bearing multiple phenol groups, such as CPLB1 (10 mol %), the corresponding MBH adducts could be obtained in moderate to good yields with low to moderate ee's (4–45% ee) at ambient temperature (10°C) in THF. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective degradation kinetics of tebuconazole in rabbits
Authors: Zhu Wentao , Qiu Jing , Dang Ziheng , Lv Chunguang , Jia Guifang , Li Li , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTebuconazole[(RS)‐1‐p‐chlorophenyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐3‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)pentan‐3‐ol] is a potent triazole fungicide and consists of a pair of enantiomers. The enantioselective degradation kinetics of tebuconazole was investigated in rabbits by intravenous (iv) injection. The concentrations of (−)‐(R)‐tebuconazole and (+)‐(S)‐tebuconazole in plasma and tissues were determined by HPLC with a cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase. Enantioselective analysis methods for this fungicide in plasma and tissues were developed and validated. Good linearities were obtained over the concentration range of 0.25–25 mg/l for both enantiomers. The degradation followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and the degradation of the (+)‐(S)‐tebuconazole was much faster than that of the (−)‐(R)‐tebuconazole in plasma after administration of racemic tebuconazole. This study also indicated that environmental assessment of enantiomeric degradation may be needed to fully evaluate risks of tebuconazole use. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Untersuchung des Adsorptionsverhaltens von Dünnschichtfiltern am Beispiel der Kfz‐Innenraumfilter
Authors: Zhang P. , Sager U. , Schmidt F. , Wanko H. , Ulrich J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKfz‐Innenraumfilter schützen Fahrzeuginsassen vor Partikeln und Schadgasen der Außenluft. Die adsorptive Abscheidung der Schadgase an dünnen Aktivkohleschichten wird erheblich beeinflusst durch die Umgebungsbedingungen Temperatur und relative Luftfeuchte, die starken Schwankungen im Tages‐ und Jahresgang unterliegen. Ziel der Untersuchungen war, die Abhängigkeit der Abscheideleistung für diese Parameter aufzuzeigen und die dynamischen Adsorptionsvorgänge theoretisch zu beschreiben. Diese Kenntnisse können zu einer besseren Nutzung des Filterpotenzials führen und Hinweise für die Gestaltung einer möglichen Regeneration liefern.
Untersuchungen zur Staubungsneigung von Braunkohle unterschiedlicher Feuchte
Authors: Reznik G. , Klenk U. , Schmidt E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Umgang mit Schüttgütern setzt in den meisten Fällen feinen Staub frei. Zur Untersuchung dieses Staubungsverhaltens können Rotationsverfahren, welche die kontinuierliche mechanische Belastung eines Schüttgutes simulieren, oder Fallverfahren, mit denen die Aufwirbelung von Staub beim einmaligen Auftreffen des abgeworfenen Materials auf eine feste Oberfläche wiedergegeben wird, eingesetzt werden. Dabei spielt neben den materialspezifischen Eigenschaften auch die Feuchte der Proben eine große Rolle bei der Entstehung von Staub. Dieser Zusammenhang zwischen Staubentstehung und Probenfeuchte wurde am Beispiel zweier verschiedener Braunkohlequalitäten genauer betrachtet.
Adsorptionsmessungen von n‐Alkanen am 5A‐Zeolith
Authors: Möller A. , Yang X. , Caro J. , Staudt R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Dimensionierung und das Management industrieller Anlagen für die adsorptive Trennung von Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen und für die Katalyse setzen eine zuverlässige Kenntnis thermodynamischer und kinetischer Stoffparameter der einzusetzenden Adsorbentien voraus. Mit Hilfe gravimetrischer Sorptionsmessungen werden Adsorptionsisothermen für verschiedene n‐Alkane am 5A‐Zeolith gemessen.
A Taylor–Galerkin approach for modelling a spherically symmetric advective–dispersive transport problem
Authors: Dong Wenjun , Selvadurai A. P. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical approach for examining a spherically symmetric advective–dispersive contaminant transport problem. The Taylor–Galerkin method that is based on an Euler time‐integration scheme is used to solve the governing transport equation. A Fourier analysis shows that the Taylor–Galerkin method with a forward Euler time integration can generate an oscillation‐free and non‐diffusive solution for the pure advection equation when the Courant number satisfies the constraint Cr = 1. Such numerical advantages, however, do not extend to the advection–dispersion equation. Based on these observations, an operator‐splitting Euler‐integration‐based Taylor–Galerkin scheme is developed to model the advection‐dominated transport process for a problem that exhibits spherical symmetry. The spherically symmetric transport problem is solved using this approach and a conversion to a one‐dimensional linear space with an associated co‐ordinate transformation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propagation of longest‐edge mesh patterns in local adaptive refinement
Authors: Suárez J. P. , Plaza A. , Carey G. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe examine the propagation of local adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) under a longest edge conformity scheme. Supporting numerical studies are included and discussed. Of specific interest is the statistical behaviour of the propagation zone in AMR of simplicial meshes. To this end three propagation metrics are used: the total number of original triangles in the propagation paths emanating from any target element, the longest individual edge path, and the extent of secondary refinement due to the conformity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamically equivalent implicit algorithms for the integration of rigid body rotations
Authors: Krysl P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo midpoint‐trapezoid pairs of dynamically equivalent (conjugate) algorithms are derived as compositions of first‐order forward Euler and backward Euler integrators as applied to an incremental form of the initial‐value problem of three‐dimensional rigid body rotation. The algorithms are related to the recently developed methodology of the so‐called Munthe‐Kaas Runge–Kutta methods. Selected examples are used to illustrate the excellent long‐term integration properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of optimum wavelet for DS‐CDMA chip waveform over multi‐path Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Öztürk Ertan , Şahin Barış 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the probability of error (Pe) expression of asynchronous direct sequence‐code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) signals using band‐limited chip waveforms is derived over multi‐path Rayleigh fading channels. In receiver, a matched filter‐based rake receiver in conjunction with maximum ratio combiner (MRC) is considered. Numerical values for thePeare calculated for various chip waveforms including an optimum wavelet waveform. Analytical results are verified by conducting simulations. Results show that the optimum wavelet‐based scheme outperforms time‐limited raised cosine, half sine, rectangular and band‐limited square‐root raised cosine chip waveform‐based schemes in terms of thePeand the capacity defined as the number of users per Hertz for a samePelevel. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tbx1 regulation of myogenic differentiation in the limb and cranial mesoderm
Authors: Dastjerdi Akbar , Robson Lesley , Walker Rebecca , Hadley Julia , Zhang Zhen , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ Marc , Ataliotis Paris , Baldini Antonio , Scambler Peter , Francis‐West Philippa 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe T‐box transcription factor Tbx1 has been implicated in DiGeorge syndrome, the most frequent syndrome due to a chromosomal deletion. Gene inactivation of Tbx1 in mice results in craniofacial and branchial arch defects, including myogenic defects in the first and second branchial arches. A T‐box binding site has been identified in the Xenopus Myf5 promoter, and in other species, T‐box genes have been implicated in myogenic fate. Here we analyze Tbx1 expression in the developing chick embryo relating its expression to the onset of myogenic differentiation and cellular fate within the craniofacial mesoderm. We show that Tbx1 is expressed before capsulin, the first known marker of branchial arch 1 and 2 muscles. We also show that, as in the mouse, Tbx1 is expressed in endothelial cells, another mesodermal derivative, and, therefore, Tbx1 alone cannot specify the myogenic lineage. In addition, Tbx1 expression was identified in both chick and mouse limb myogenic cells, initially being restricted to the dorsal muscle mass, but in contrast, to the head, here Tbx1 is expressed after the onset of myogenic commitment. Functional studies revealed that loss of Tbx1 function reduces the number of myocytes in the head and limb, whereas increasing Tbx1 activity has the converse effect. Finally, analysis of the Tbx1‐mesoderm‐specific knockout mouse demonstrated the cell autonomous requirement for Tbx1 during myocyte development in the cranial mesoderm. Developmental Dynamics 236:353–363, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of Fgfr3 leads to excess hair cell development in the mouse organ of Corti
Authors: Hayashi Toshinori , Cunningham Dale , Bermingham‐McDonogh Olivia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the importance of FGF signaling at several stages in the development of the cochlea. At early stages of embryogenesis, Fgfr1, Fgfr2, and several FGFs are critical for both the induction of the otic vesicle and the initial development of the sensory epithelium. At late stages of cochlear development, Fgfr3 is necessary for the development of the tunnel of Corti. To determine the stage of development when Fgfr3 is required, we examined the expression of Fgfr3 and Fgf8 at various developmental stages. We also re‐examined the Fgfr3 −/− mouse with additional markers for developing supporting cells. We confirmed the previous analysis of the Fgfr3 −/− mice, indicating that there are deficiencies in support cell differentiation. Specifically, we find that the inner pillar cell never develops, while the outer pillar cell is stalled in its differentiation. In addition, we found an extra row of outer hair cells, and accompanying Deiters' cells, in the apical two thirds of the organ of Corti in the Fgfr3 mutant. Thus, in addition to controlling the fate decision between pillar cells and Deiters' cells, we find that Fgfr3 also regulates the width of the sensory epithelium. Developmental Dynamics 236:525–533, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.