bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of individual vaccine status in a vaccinology experts' group
Authors: Duclos Antoine , Bouhour Damien , Baptiste Charles , Launay Odile , Guiso Nicole ,   the Avancées Vaccinales Experts' Group
Published: July 2008

AbstractRationale  Worldwide, experts in vaccinology have promoted the broad annual coverage of health care workers with the influenza vaccine. Furthermore, pertussis vaccination is now recommended for young adults and health care workers working with newborns.Aim  To analyse the compliance with these guidelines among experts responsible for the development or dissemination of national immunization schedules.Method  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in a vaccinology workshop group of French experts, using a self‐administered questionnaire.Results  Among 44 experts, the average rate of influenza vaccination was 69.5% (95% confidence interval, 61.6% to 77.3%) between the 2003/04 and 2005/06 flu seasons, whereas the rate of pertussis vaccination during this period was only 30%. The main reasons that the experts gave for not being vaccinated were a lack of time or simply not remembering to do so.Conclusion  Experts had low coverage rates for influenza and pertussis vaccination. To improve these rates, a multifaceted intervention combining audit and feedback strategy with a vaccine day is planned.
Infection of the heart of the common bream, Abramis brama (L.), with Myxobolus s.l. dogieli (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae)
Authors: Molnár K , Cech G , Székely C 
Published: July 2008

Abstract Myxobolus dogieli
Bykhovskaya‐Pavlovskaya & Bykhovski, 1940 is regarded as a site specific myxosporean, infecting the heart of cyprinid fish. During a survey of the myxosporean fauna of Lake Balaton fish, heart myxobolosis was found in the common bream, Abramis brama, with heavy infection of the ventricle and the bulbus arteriosus in some infected bream. Developing and mature plasmodia were mostly in the connective tissue of the subepicardium and subendocardium. Plasmodia developing in the subendocardium protruded into the lumen of the heart, while plasmodia developing in the subepicardium protruded over the epicardium forming large sausage‐like outgrowths. Plasmodia with mature spores were found in the summer. The shape and size of the spores corresponded to those of the original description. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequence of M. dogieli showed that this species fit well in the genus Myxobolus. As no molecular data are available on spores from the type host, common carp, the species studied by us is temporarily designated as Myxobolus s.l. dogieli.
Pathology and mass mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany
Authors: Watermann B T , Herlyn M , Daehne B , Bergmann S , Meemken M , Kolodzey H 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn 2005, Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were collected from May to September along the East Frisian coast and processed for histology. Because of mass mortalities in September, additional samples of moribund oysters and apparently healthy blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were subjected to virological and ultrastructural investigation. The oysters displayed a variety of pathological conditions including viral gametocytic hypertrophy which is reported here for the first time from the German coast. Haemocyte aggregations in the digestive tract, in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, in the mid‐gut gland and in the ventricle of the heart were commonly observed at some stations. In association with mass mortalities, severe gill necrosis occurred which may have contributed to the high mortality rates. Total mortality rates of up to approximately 60% were seen. All size classes and thus age classes of oysters were affected, with highest mortality rates within the youngest age classes which had just reached sexual maturity (shell lengths <40 mm). The smallest dead oysters had shell lengths of 10 mm. The phenomenon was mainly restricted to C. gigas stocks in harbours, probably because of favourable conditions for infection, i.e. limited water exchange, less food availability, reduced oxygen content and higher pollution levels.
Diet and physical activity in patients with colorectal adenomas: directions for intervention programmes
Authors: Caswell S. , Anderson A. S. , Steele R. J. C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground  Screening programmes provide an opportunity to combine early detection programmes with prevention strategies for chronic disease risk reduction. The aim of the current exploratory research was to identify diet and activity habits in adults diagnosed with colorectal adenomas on screening colonoscopy in order to inform the development of an intervention study in this patient group.Methods  Participants were recruited from colonoscopy clinics and completed a 7‐day food diary and physical activity record.Results  Valid food diaries were completed by 32 participants. Mean daily intake of nonstarch polysaccharide was estimated at 14.2  (SD 4.2) g per day and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) at 3.6 (SD 1.9) portions. The highest quartile of FVI consumers reported greater consumption of fruit (on any occasion) and vegetables (at evening meal) compared with low FVI consumers. Physical activity records (n = 36) indicated that walking was the most common method of activity with few indications of leisure time sport. Overall, 37% of participants failed to meet minimum recommend activity levels.Conclusion  The magnitudes of change in activity and diet required to conform with current guidelines were estimated. Food habits that were pertinent to the population were identified and help to provide goal‐based guidance for intervention design.
Food and nutrient intakes of primary school children: a comparison of school meals and packed lunches
Authors: Rees G. A. , Richards C. J. , Gregory J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground  New school meal standards are currently being phased in by the government in an attempt to improve the nutritional composition of school food. However, no standards are applied to packed lunches. The present study aimed to compare the food and nutrient intakes of primary school children eating a school meal with those taking a packed lunch.Methods  A sample of 120 children, aged 6–11 years, was observed once at a lunch time and all items consumed were recorded. Nutrient analysis was performed, and differences in nutrient intake between those children consuming packed lunches and school meals were determined.Results  Mean energy and protein intakes were similar. The amount of energy provided by starchy carbohydrate was also similar but, compared with school meals, packed lunches provided twice as much energy from sugar (P < 0.001). School meals on average provided more energy from fat (P < 0.001), but intakes of saturated fat were lower in the school meals group (P = 0.021). Packed lunches provided more sodium (P < 0.001), calcium (P < 0.001) and iron (P = 0.016) than the school meals. Very few packed lunches contained vegetables, and fruit intake was particularly low for those having a school meal.Conclusions  Children taking a packed lunch to school were consuming approximately double the amount of sugar and 50% more sodium and saturated fat in their midday meal compared with those having a school lunch. However packed lunches were providing children with more calcium, iron and fruit.
Variability in infection and reproduction ofMeloidogyne javanicaon tomato rootstocks with theMiresistance gene
Authors: Cortada L. , Sorribas F. J. , Ornat C. , Kaloshian I. , Verdejo‐Lucas S. 
Published: July 2008

The response of 10 commercial or experimental tomato rootstocks with theMiresistance gene to an initial inoculum of aMi‐avirulent population ofMeloidogyne javanicawas determined in pot tests conducted in spring and summer. In a field test, the rootstocks were subjected to continuous exposure to high initial population densities (2050 ± 900 second‐stage juveniles (J2) per 250 cm3soil) of the nematode. The presence of theMilocus in the resistant rootstocks and cultivars was confirmed using the PCR co‐dominant markers REX‐1 and Mi23. Nematode infectivity (egg masses) and reproduction (eggs g−1root) were highly variable in the spring tests. Rootstocks PG76, Gladiator and MKT‐410 consistently responded as highly resistant, with nematode multiplication rate (Pf/Pi) < 1 and reproduction index (RI) < 10%, and they were as efficient as standard resistant tomato cultivars at nematode suppression. The relative resistance levels of rootstocks Brigeor, 42851, 43965, Big Power and He‐Man varied depending on the susceptible standard used for reference or the duration of the test. Rootstocks Beaufort and Maxifort were susceptible toM. javanica(Pf/Pi > 50 and RI > 50%). Rootstocks PG76 and He‐Man, and the resistant tomato cv. Caramba showed high levels of resistance in the test conducted in summer, whereas MKT‐410 and 42851 and the resistant tomato cv. Monika were moderately resistant. In the field, seven rootstocks showed high levels of resistance and one (He‐Man) showed an intermediate level, whereas Beaufort and Maxifort were susceptible.
Laboratory sustained turbidity currents form elongate ridges at channel mouths
Authors: ALEXANDER JAN , MCLELLAND STUART J. , GRAY THOMAS E. , VINCENT CHRIS E. , LEEDER MIKE R. , ELLETT SUSANNA 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe turbulent flow structure, suspended sediment dynamics and deposits of experimental sustained turbidity currents exiting a channel across a break in slope into a wide tank are documented. The data shed light on the flow evolution and deposit geometry of analogous natural channel‐fed submarine fans. Flows generated in a 0·3 m wide, sloping (0°, 6°, 9° or 20°) channel crossed an angular slope break and spread onto a horizontal tank floor. Flow development comprised: (i) channelized phase (unsteady channel flow developing into steady channel flow); (ii) initial lateral expansion phase (unsteady‐spreading wall jet phase); (iii) constant lateral expansion phase (steady‐spreading wall jet phase); and (iv) rapid waning phase. Phases (i) and (iv) are similar to laterally constrained turbidity currents, but phases (ii) and (iii) are considerably different from such two‐dimensional currents. Steeper channel slopes produced greater flow velocities and turbulence intensities, but these effects diminished markedly with distance from the channel mouth. Flow velocity vectors in the tank had similar patterns for all channel slopes, with a central core of faster velocity and narrow vector dispersion and slower flow with larger dispersion at the jet margins. Suspended sediment concentrations were higher within flow heads and dense basal layers in flow bodies. Time‐averaged acoustic backscatter data showed vertical concentration gradients, confirmed by siphon samples. The deposits comprised a thick central ridge, of similar order width to the channel mouth, with abrupt margins and a surrounding, very thin, fan‐like sheet. The ridge was coarser grained and better sorted than the original sediment, with grain‐size fining downstream, particularly over the fan‐like sheet. The formation of a central ridge suggests that, in the tank, vertical turbulent momentum exchange is more significant for sediment dynamics than spanwise momentum exchange due to lateral expansion. The streamwise elongate geometry of the ridge contrasts with conventional fan‐like geometry found with surge‐type turbidity flows, a result that has widespread stratigraphic and economic implications.
Architectural analysis of a volcaniclastic jökulhlaup deposit, southern Iceland: sedimentary evidence for supercritical flow
Authors: DULLER ROBERT A. , MOUNTNEY NIGEL P. , RUSSELL ANDREW J. , CASSIDY NIGEL C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe 1918 eruption of the glacially capped Katla volcano, southern Iceland, generated a violent jökulhlaup, or glacial outburst flood, inundating a large area of Mýrdalssandur, the proglacial outwash plain, where it deposited ca 1 km3 of volcaniclastic sediment. The character of the 1918 jökulhlaup is contentious, having been variously categorized as a turbulent water flow, a hyperconcentrated flow or as a debris flow, based on localized outcrop analysis. In this study, outcrop‐based architectural analyses of the 1918 deposits reveal the presence of lenticular and tabular bedsets associated with deposition from quasi‐stationary antidunes and down‐current migrating antidunes, and from regular based bedsets, associated with transient chute‐and‐pool bedforms, all of which are associated with turbulent, transcritical to supercritical water flow conditions. Antidune wavelengths range from 24 to 96 m, corresponding to flow velocities of 6 to 12 m sec−1 and average flow depths of 5 to 19 m. This range of calculated flow velocities is in good agreement with estimates made from eyewitness accounts. Architectural analysis of the 1918 jökulhlaup deposits has led to an improved estimation of flow parameters and flow hydraulics associated with the 1918 jökulhlaup that could not have been achieved through localized outcrop analysis. The observations presented here provide additional sedimentological and architectural criteria for the recognition of deposits associated with transcritical and supercritical water flow conditions. The physical scale of sedimentary architectures associated with the migration of bedforms is largely dependent on the magnitude of the formative flow events or processes; sedimentary analyses must therefore be undertaken at the appropriate physical scale if reliable interpretations, regarding modes of deposition and formative flow hydraulics, are to be made.
ITN1, a novel gene encoding an ankyrin‐repeat protein that affects the ABA‐mediated production of reactive oxygen species and is involved in salt‐stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sakamoto Hikaru , Matsuda Osamu , Iba Koh 
Published: July 2008

SummarySalt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) induce accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS not only act as second messengers for the activation of salt‐stress responses, but also have deleterious effects on plant growth due to their cytotoxicity. Therefore, the timing and degree of activation of ROS‐producing or ROS‐scavenging enzymes must be tightly regulated under salt‐stress conditions. We identified a novel locus of Arabidopsis, designated itn1 (increased tolerance to NaCl1), whose disruption leads to increased salt‐stress tolerance in vegetative tissues. ITN1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an ankyrin‐repeat motif that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction. Comparative microarray analysis between wild‐type and the itn1 mutant revealed that induction of genes encoding the ROS‐producing NADPH oxidases (RBOHC and RBOHD) under salt‐stress conditions was suppressed in the mutant. This suppression was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in ROS accumulation. The ABA‐induced expression of RBOHC and RBOHD was also suppressed in the mutant, as was the case for RD29A, an ABA‐inducible marker gene. However, the ABA‐induced expression of another marker gene, RD22, was not impaired in the mutant. These results suggest that the itn1 mutation partially impairs ABA signaling pathways, possibly leading to the reduction in ROS accumulation under salt‐stress conditions. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the salt‐tolerant phenotype of the itn1 mutant.
Identification of likely orthologs of tobacco salicylic acid‐binding protein 2 and their role in systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vlot Anna Corina , Liu Po‐Pu , Cameron Robin K. , Park Sang‐Wook , Yang Yue , Kumar Dhirendra , Zhou Fasong , Padukkavidana Thihan , Gustafsson Claes , Pichersky Eran , Klessig Daniel F. 
Published: July 2008

SummarySalicylic acid‐binding protein 2 (SABP2) is essential for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco; SABP2’s methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity is required in healthy systemic tissues of infected plants to release the active defense phytohormone SA from MeSA, which serves as a long‐distance signal for SAR. In the current study, we characterize a new gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding 18 potentially active α/β fold hydrolases that share 32–57% identity with SABP2. Of 14 recombinant AtMES (MES for methyl esterase) proteins tested, five showed preference for MeSA as a substrate and displayed SA inhibition of MeSA esterase activity in vitro (AtMES1, ‐2, ‐4, ‐7, and ‐9). The two genes encoding MeSA esterases with the greatest activity, AtMES1 and ‐9, as well as AtMES7 were transcriptionally upregulated during infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, conditional expression of AtMES1, ‐7, or ‐9 complemented SAR deficiency in SABP2‐silenced tobacco, suggesting that these three members of the AtMES family are SABP2 functional homologs (orthologs). Underexpression by knockout mutation and/or RNAi‐mediated silencing of multiple AtMES genes, including AtMES1, ‐2, ‐7, and ‐9, compromised SAR in Arabidopsis and correlated with enhanced accumulation of MeSA in the systemic tissue of SAR‐induced plants. Together, the data show that several members of the AtMES gene family are functionally homologous to SABP2 and redundant for MeSA hydrolysis and probably SAR. These data suggest that MeSA is a conserved SAR signal in Arabidopsis and tobacco.
Mutations in AtCML9, a calmodulin‐like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alter plant responses to abiotic stress and abscisic acid
Authors: Magnan Fabienne , Ranty Benoît , Charpenteau Martine , Sotta Bruno , Galaud Jean‐Philippe , Aldon Didier 
Published: July 2008

SummaryMany stimuli, such as hormones and abiotic stress factors, elicit changes in intracellular calcium levels that serve to convey information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca2+ signals are perceived by different Ca2+ receptors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best‐characterized Ca2+ sensors in eukaryotes. Calmodulin‐like (CML) proteins also exist in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM, but their roles at the physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. We present data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9 (AtCML9) that exhibits 46% amino acid sequence identity with CaM. AtCML9 transcripts are found in all major organs, and a putative AtCML9 regulatory region confers reporter gene expression at various sites, including root apex, stomata, hydathodes and trichomes. AtCML9 expression is rapidly induced by abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in young seedlings, and by using cml9 knock‐out mutants we present evidence that AtCML9 plays essential roles in modulating responses to salt stress and ABA. Seed germination and seedling growth for the mutant lines present a hypersensitive response to ABA that could be correlated with enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit. Mutations of the AtCML9 gene also alter the expression of several stress‐regulated genes, suggesting that AtCML9 is involved in salt stress tolerance through its effects on the ABA‐mediated pathways.
Can the large ecological amplitude of Ambrosia artemisiifolia explain its invasive success in France?
Authors: FUMANAL B , GIROD C , FRIED G , BRETAGNOLLE F , CHAUVEL B 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn order to understand the successful spread of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in France, the variability of colonised habitat by this species was studied at 48 locations, from its central to peripheral area of distribution. Each site was characterised by a vegetation survey, a description of the A. artemisiifolia population and a soil analysis. Differences in the number of species, Shannon diversity index, evenness index and plant life form spectra were compared among the sites. A total of 276 species occurring along with A. artemisiifolia was observed. Therophytes and hemicryptophytes represented more than 80% of all the species. The two most frequent species occurring along with A. artemisiifolia were Chenopodium album and Polygonum aviculare. Multivariate analysis of vegetation surveys showed that A. artemisiifolia has a wide ecological tolerance. It colonises a large range of disturbed habitats differing in terms of vegetation cover, species composition and type of soil. The present study highlights the potential of A. artemisiifolia for invading spring crops and all semi‐natural or disturbed open areas. The success of its ongoing invasion can be explained by both its generalist character and the existence of vacant ecological niches, which are poorly occupied by the French native flora.
Predicting Avena spp. control with clodinafop
Authors: ANDREWS T S , MEDD R W , VAN DE VEN R J 
Published: July 2008

SummaryPrevious analyses of two independent data sets, one generated by industry and the other involving purpose‐designed field experiments, showed that the factors relating to Avena spp. control with clodinafop in Australia are fairly consistent. This article details the combination of those, together with additional new industry data, into an overall set that was subject to linear mixed model and covariate analyses for the purpose of developing a predictive model. Cross‐validation methods were used to assess the potential for agronomic and environmental variables at the time of spraying clodinafop to predict Avena spp. mortality. The analyses showed that clodinafop dose, available soil moisture, cumulative minimum temperatures, maximum temperature on the day of spraying, spray water volume and the spray water volume by maximum temperature interaction at spraying were useful predictors and these were subsequently incorporated into a model. This model allows growers and agronomists to use knowledge of weather conditions on the day of application to tailor clodinafop dose and water volume accordingly, or to avoid spraying if they are adverse. The model’s potential to improve herbicide efficiency and be used as part of a long‐term Avena spp. management programme are briefly discussed.
Effect of date of emergence on the growth of the clonal perennial Cyperus esculentus in the Haute Lande, south‐western France
Authors: DODET M , NAVAS M‐L , GASQUEZ D J 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn order to develop management strategies in an intensive agricultural region of south‐western France, we examined in a two‐year experiment, the consequences of change in emergence date on the growth and development of the clonal perennial Cyperus esculentus. Germinated tubers emerged in early May, June and late July and were harvested 4, 5 or 6 months after emergence. Total shoot and tuber number per individual increased throughout the growing season, then significantly decreased in autumn. All plants produced tubers, the primary means of reproduction, including the smallest and latest emerging cohorts, but the allocation to tubers decreased with emergence date. However, emergence date had no effect on the emergence rate of the shoots, indicating that the reduction in total shoot production was not counterbalanced by an acceleration of this production when the growing season shortened. Consequently, management programs should advantageously integrate agricultural practices (i) that avoid periods without crops between April and October, (ii) that delay C. esculentus emergence and (iii) that include interventions on the newly emerged individuals.