bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twin‐screw extrusion of two pea varieties: Effects of temperature and moisture level on antinutritional factors and protein dispersibility
Authors: van der Poel A (Thomas)F B , Stolp Willem , Van Zuilichem Dick J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of tests was made with two varieties of pea (Pisum satirum L) to measure the effects of extrusion temperature (105–140°C) and moisture level (14‐33%) on the level of antinutritional factors (ANF).Twin‐screw extrusion cooking of peas showed the dependence of proteinaceous ANF (such as trypsin inhibitors and lectins) on the processing variables used. For the round‐seeded pea variety (Finale), the moisture level as well as the temperature proved to be an important variable, although inactivation of trypsin inhibitor activity was complete for all processing conditions investigated. For the wrinkle‐seeded pea (var C306), the temperature used during extrusion cooking largely inactivated ANF.The costs of extrusion vary considerably according to the processing conditions and are confined to the desired objectives of extrusion cooking. The objectives, in terms of the inactivation rates for pea ANF, must therefore, be clearly defined and based on threshold levels established from experiments with monogastric animals. Regression models for the inactivation of ANF are given to facilitate the choice of twin‐screw extrusion‐cooking variables for the upgrading of the nutritional value of pea protein.
Effect of processing conditions on the oxidation of cholesterol in ghee
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Singhal O P 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cholesterol oxidation products (COP) in fat‐rich dairy products were identified and quantified. Fresh cream contained no COP whereas fresh butter contained trace levels of 7β‐hydroxy‐ and 5,6α‐epoxycholesterol. Low levels of various major COP were present in ghee (clarified butter fat). Intermittent heating and frying of ghee induced severe oxidation of cholesterol and a number of COP were detected by GC and TLC. Most atherogenic COP. viz 25‐hydroxycholesterol and cholestantriol, were formed more in intermittently heated ghee (8.1‐9.2% of the total COP) than in fried ghee samples (7.1 %).
Effect of cerium addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of die cast AZ91 magnesium alloy
Authors: Song Y.L. , Liu Y.H. , Wang S.H. , Yu S.R. , Zhu X.Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel AZ91 Ce containing magnesium alloy characterized by excellent corrosion resistance is fabricated by adding rare earth Ce (cerium) in the form of a Mg‐Ce master alloy. The metallographic investigation shows that Ce added to AZ91 can obviously decrease the size of β‐Mg17Al12 and forms Al11Ce3 intermetallic compounds in the shape of fine needles. The corrosion tests and electrochemical measurements indicate that the corrosion resistance of AZ91 Ce containing magnesium alloy is obviously higher than that of AZ91. Furthermore, increasing the content of Ce in the magnesium alloy can further enhance the corrosion resistance. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that Ce can be incorporated into corrosion products in the form of CeO2 in the course of corrosion. Based on the preliminary analysis, the addition of Ce can improve the corrosion resistance of AZ91 by decreasing the size of β‐Mg17Al12 and enhancing the protective effectiveness of corrosion products.
Application of X‐ray tomography for the verification of corrosion processes in chloride contaminated mortar
Authors: Beck M. , Goebbels J. , Burkert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWithin the scope of examinations at steel specimens embedded in chloride contaminated mortar for the first time X‐ray tomography was used to analyse the areas, damaged by chloride induced corrosion. Damaged areas with dimensions of a few μm could be detected. The results from the X‐ray tomography were verified by inspection of surfaces of the bars after removing the cover mortar.
Improved reflow and viability in reperfused ischemic rat island groin flaps using dexamethasone
Authors: Dolan Robert W. , Kerr Donald C. , Arena Sebastian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReperfusion injury and the no‐reflow phenomenon are manifestations of a complex series of events that culminate in an acute inflammatory reaction within reperfused tissue. Antiinflammatory therapy attenuates ischemia‐reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on blood flow and viability of ischemic rat island groin flaps. Thirty‐three mature male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The flaps were subjected to 8 hr of ischemia in the control and treatment groups. Fluorescein studies were performed, and flap viability was assessed. Twenty‐four hour fluorescence (after reperfusion) correlated very closely with the percentage of eventual flap viability. The blood flow and viability of the treatment group flaps were significantly better than those in the ischemic control group. Dexamethasone significantly improved ischemic flap survival in the rat 8 hr ischemic island groin flap model in our study. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revascularisation versus reconstruction of degloving injuries of the heel: Case report
Authors: Graf Peter , Kalpen Axel , Biemer Edgar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe anatomy of heel vascularization implies that there is a high risk of necrosis if degloved soft tissue is only sutured back to its former position. Two patients who had sustained similar degloving injuries of the heel are presented. One of them was treated by primary revascularization and the other by secondary reconstruction with a dorsalis pedis flap. The postoperative outcome was investigated to show the value of the salvage operation. Dynamic pressure distribution gait analysis was performed barefoot and in the shoe to investigate postoperative weightbearing on the reconstructed areas. In contrast to the heel reconstruction with the dorsalis pedis flap, the revascularized original heel was stable without development of soft tissue lesions. The salvaged original heel tissue enabled a physiologic pressure distribution beneath the heel and a more physiological rollover process of the foot, comparable to the contralateral foot. In degloving injuries of the heel, revascularization of the soft tissue should be considered whenever possible. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplantation of reproductive organs
Authors: Lee Sun , Mao Lan , Wang Yuqin , D'silva Milbhor , Yoo Chang H. , Wolf Paul , Chung Won S. , Takahashi Eisuke , Chung Do Young , Gittes Ruben F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA historical review of the literature concerning replantation and transplantation of reproductive organs has included studies from this laboratory, using rats, over the past 25 years. From the basic observation of ischemic and traumatic injury due to the transplantation, syngeneic testicle transplants, resulting in a partner's impregnation and histological restoration of the testicles, led to human testicular transplantation. As to the ovarian transplants, granulosa‐theca cell tumors may transform into malignancies if followed for a prolonged period as intrasplenic ovaries, and high doses (15 to 20 mg/kg b.w.) of azathioprine can produce such malignant tumors in a shorter period. By caval‐portal shunt, ovarian hormones enter directly into the portal blood stream and no typical granulosa‐theca cell tumors were produced, owing to the fact that the liver cannot degrade all the hormones secreted by both ovaries. While en‐bloc vagino‐utero‐ovarian transplantation in the rat is possible, no impregnation has been yet achieved. Finally, it is hypothesized that those who have acquired microsurgical techniques and have a full understanding of the anatomy of the reproductive system will not only be able to perform replantation of the penis, but also will be capable of allogeneic transplantation of genital organs, whether ethically approved or not, and sooner than one may think. In such cases a penile part may be obtained at a sex‐change surgery or from a cadaveric donor, similar to other vital organ transplantation practices. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histomorphometric examinations of free revascularised iliac crest bone after transplantation for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Leimbruckner Bernhard D. , Dielert Eckhard , Wolf Konrad 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAt the present time the vascularised bone graft is the best procedure for reconstruction of mandibular defects in poor recipient tissues. We obtained 23 drill biopsies from different regions of vascularised bone transplants during the removal of the osteosynthesis plates from 14 patients who had poor recipient tissues. For comparison, we took five biopsies from the native iliac crest and eight biopsies from six patients with avascular bone transfer into unimpaired surrounding tissues. Microradiographs of the bone preparations were used for a computerised semi‐automatic morphometric analysis. We evaluated the volumetric density (VV, %) and the mean trabecular diameter (D‐TRAB, μm). In the central regions, the revascularised transplants decreased in volumetric density and in mean trabecular diameter. Compared with the average values of iliac crest bone, the avascular grafts increased in both parameters. The revascularised grafts showed significantly lower volumetric density and significantly lower mean trabecular diameters in the central regions than in the regions near to the mandibular stump. The avascular grafts actually showed the reverse effect. The results are discussed with particular reference to the quality of the recipient tissues, to the maintenance of graft viability, to functional stress, and to the design of the transplant. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neo‐endothelialisation of PTFE microvascular grafts: A five‐year experience
Authors: Lanzetta Marco , Owen Earl R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a 5‐year experience of the implantation of 1 mm diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis in rodents. By evaluating the implanted grafts at different intervals, the process of neo‐endothelial healing can be divided into six phases: Platelet Aggregation Phase (Stage I); Fibrin Network Phase (Stage II); Bridging Phase (Stage III); Progression Phase (Stage IV‐A); Transmural Migration Phase (Stage IV‐B) (only in optimal grafts, with thin wall and long fibril length); Intimal Closure Phase (Stage V); and Endothelial Thromboresistance Phase (Stage VI). Grafts with 60 or 90 μm fibril length offer enough “anchoring space” for the ingrowth of neo‐endothelium and they act as a framework for the neo‐endothelial invasion. Furthermore, this type of material allows intramural migration and penetration of cellular elements. In particular, a network of capillaries traversing the graft wall and opening eventually on the luminal surface can provide multiple sources of neo‐endothelium, contributing to the development of the inner neoendothelial lining. Scanning electron microscopy can favourably assist in the evaluation of different types of PTFE grafts, with regard to their fibril length, diameter, and wall thickness. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterotopic microvascular epiphyseal plate transplantation: A new model using the rabbit metatarsal
Authors: Stevens David , Bowen Vaughan A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a new vascularized epiphyseal plate model in the New Zealand White rabbit using a metatarsal epiphyseal plate having limited longitudinal growth potential. Such a model could be utilized in various experiments aimed at manipulating epiphyseal plate growth. The viability of the harvested live subject grafts was demonstrated with continued epiphyseal uptake during Tc99‐MDP radionuclide bone scanning. The currently described models used in epiphyseal transplant research all involve long bone epiphyseal plates with significantly greater growth potential than the new metatarsal model. This new model therefore fills a void in the field by allowing investigators to transplant a growth plate with limited growth potential into any heterotopic site and study the effects of various hormonal and physical influences upon epiphyseal plate growth performance. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gracilis donor site morbidity
Authors: Carr Michele M. , Manktelow Ralph T. , Zuker Ronald M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDonor site morbidity in 104 cases of gracilis free tissue transfer was examined through a retrospective chart review and mail survey. Fifty‐one females and 53 males with an average age of 23 years comprised the study group. Forty‐three were under age 18. In‐hospital donor site complications occurred in 10 patients. There was excessive pain in 4, wound infections in 3, hemorrhage in 2, and temporary nerve palsy in 1. Early complications were more common in the pediatric group. Sixty‐two surveys were returned from patients detailing late complications where they graded parameters between 0 and 10 where 0 was “none” and 10 was “worst imaginable.” The highest average score was 5.12 reported for noticeability of the scar. There was a significant difference between adults and children for sensitivity, tightness, noticeability, and ugliness of the scar. More than half the respondents had no complaints about their donor site scar. Fifteen percent of patients reported temporary reduction of leg strength with a mean duration of 6 months. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural course of postsurgical adhesions
Authors: Bakkum Erica A. , Trimbos‐Kemper Trudy C. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the natural course of postsurgical adhesion formation, a descriptive animal study was performed in a standardized rat adhesion model, involving the uterine horn and peritoneal side wall. Extent and type of postsurgical adhesion formation was evaluated at increasing postoperative time intervals up to 1 year, both through inter‐ and intra‐animal observations (laparotomy and repeated‐laparotomy group). The extent of the adhesions was found to be similar while the type of the adhesions changed markedly, especially during the early observation periods. From day 1 until 1 month post‐operatively, the adhesions became increasingly more organized and vascular and were separable with sharp dissection only. From the present study it was concluded that spontaneous lysis of postsurgical adhesions, once they are established, does not seem to occur. The most optimum time for surgical intervention when scheduled to lyse newly formed adhesions will be between 8 days and 1 month after the initial procedure. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced non‐animal microsurgical exercises
Authors: Crosby Nancy L. , Clapson J. Brian , Buncke Harry J. , Newlin Leonard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor the novice microsurgeon, suturing simple lines on a static model ill prepares them for the technically difficult live model that is to follow. A practice card was therefore designed to make the transition easier. The basic building block is rubber glove sutured to form a simple tube. From this point, progressive exercises are carried out. These are (1) simple suturing, (2) tube anastomosis, (3) end‐to‐end anastomosis, (4) end‐to‐side anastomosis, (5) side‐to‐side anastomosis, (6) inequality of diameters, and (7) free graft placement. Since the student is faced with problems that are challenging and progressively complex, a noticeable improvement is seen in their skills. These models introduce the student to planning and instrumentation that they would deal with in the clinical situation. Once the student has mastered these exercises, he/she is ready to advance to the rat model. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary lutein modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression in mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7)
Authors: Rafi Mohamed M. , Shafaie Yassaman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLutein is an oxycarotenoid primarily found in dark‐green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. Other dietary sources which contain moderate amounts of lutein include corn, egg yolks, and fruits like oranges and kiwi. Although a number ofin vivostudies have demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory effect of lutein, itsin vitroanti‐inflammatory molecular mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we have investigated thein vitroanti‐inflammatory effect of lutein using LPS‐stimulated mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The inhibition of LPS‐stimulated nitric oxide (NO) was measured and the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels in mouse macrophage cells after treatment with lutein. Lutein decreased the LPS‐induced NO production by 50% compared to LPS alone. Real‐time PCR analysis showed a 1.9‐fold reduction in iNOS expression at the mRNA level. Western blotting revealed that lutein decreased LPS‐induced iNOS expression at the protein level by 72.5%. The results of this study suggest the anti‐inflammatory properties of lutein demonstrated by the decrease in the expression of iNOS at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells.
Application ofin vivo NMR spectroscopy to cancer
Authors: Evanochko William T. , Ng Thian C. , Glickson Jerry D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA critical review is presented of NMR spectroscopic studies of isolated tumor cells, excised tumors, and in vivo tumors. Although the majority of the studies examined deal with 31P NMR spectroscopy, the potential utility of multinuclear NMR investigations is emphasized. A major theme of this review is the evaluation of the potential applications of in vivo NMR spectroscopy to experimental tumor biology and to the clinical diagnosis and management of cancer. Data are presented demonstrating that this method may prove useful in distinguishing between relatively well vascularized aerobic tumors and poorly vascularized hypoxic tumors. This could provide a basis for identifying tumors responsive to X radiation or hyperthermia. Preliminary experiments point to the possibility that in vivo NMR spectroscopy will be capable of detecting tumor response to chemotherapy, X radiation, and hyperthermia and may also detect drug‐induced toxicity to tissues vital to the survival of the host.
Comparison of NMR imaging and aortography for preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Evancho Andrew M. , Osbakken Mary , Weidner William 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeven patients (five male and two female, age range from 50 to 88) with angiographic proven abdominal aortic aneurysms were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (1.5‐kG system) of the abdomen. Images were obtained in transverse, coronal, and saggital planes with three radiofrequency pulse sequences [saturation recovery (SR), inversion recovery (IR), and spin echo (SE)]. All of the aneurysms were identified as to site and relative size with MR images. The lumen in which there was rapidly flowing blood was always dark (low intensity), whereas the aneurysmal area which contained presumed clot or slow flowing blood was brighter (high intensity) on SR images. Although the size, location, and relationship to other blood vessels was best demonstrated on aortography, MR images provided similar information in all cases. MR imagescorrectly demonstrated thrombus in six cases. In conclusion, MR imaging provides a clear delineation of the anatomy of abdominal aortic aneurysms. In addition, it can provide information concerning tissue type, i. e., it distinguished clot from moving blood. It may be possible in the future to further characterize atherosclerotic and other pathological changes in vessel architecture by using various pulse sequences and timing parameters to provide in vivo histological typing.
NMR compartmentalization of free water in the perfused rat heart
Authors: Mauss Y. , Grucker D. , Fornasiero D. , Chambron J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSpin‐lattice (T1) and spin‐spin (T2) relaxation times have been measured on perfused rat hearts under two experimental conditions. T1 exhibits a monoexponential decay. On the other hand T2 has a decay with two components: a short one T2s and a long one T21. These facts have been discussed according to cross‐relaxation and a bicompartmen‐talization of tissue assuming a slow exchange model for spin‐spin relaxation and a fast exchange model for spin‐lattice relaxation. Increasing the osmotic pressure of the perfusion solution decreased the absolute density proton of the T2s compartment reflecting the loss of its water content. The paramagnetic ion manganese diminishes the values of T1 and those of the long component T21 without affceting its short component. Therefore the short component could be assigned to intracellular and the long component to extracellular free water. The extracellular T2 (459 ms) is approximatively 10‐fold higher than the intracellular T2 (45 ms) With images of “pure T2” such a difference could be useful to enhance the contrast between organs and the surrounding liquid or between organs with different water compartmentalization.
Field inhomogeneity correction and data processing for spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Maudsley A. A. , Hilal S. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo obtain separate NMR images of spatially resolved high‐resolution chemical‐shift information the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity must be accounted for. A suitable correction method is described which relies on first generating a plot of the magnetic field distribution. Using these data the spectroscopic imaging data can be processed to display the spatial distributions of separate resonances without distortion from field inhomogeneity. The field plot is obtained by using the same data acquistion sequence while imaging a phantom object or in particular cases the plot may be derived from the spectroscopic imaging data set itself. The correction procedure is illustrated using proton in vivo imaging of a cat. Some additional data processing techniques are presented which offer alternative methods of displaying spectroscopic imaging data.
Interpolative computation of spin‐lattice relaxation times from signal ratios
Authors: Lin Max S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn iterative linear interpolation is described for computing T1 estimates from imagesignal ratios that are monotonous functions of T1. Whether the function decreases or increases with T1, the same algorithm deseribed applies. The iterative process converges readily. Narrowing the whereabouts of T1 sought in lookup tables to T1 regions just small enough to require only a few subsequent interpolations tends to shorten overall T1 image computing time. Used with imaging methods for which the function is readily evaluated, the iterative interpolation allows a rapid and precise T1 computation compatible with variable choice of pulse‐sequence parameters. The flexibility is suitable to stochastic analysis of T1 measurement from signal ratios. Examples of applications to computing the stocbastic uncertainty represented either by crude indicators or by standard statistical quantities are given. A method of stochastic simulation yielding the statistical quantities is described.