bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilaboratory Comparison of Hepatitis C Virus Viral Load Assays
Authors: Caliendo A. M. , Valsamakis A. , Zhou Y. , Yen-Lieberman B. , Andersen J. , Young S. , Ferreira-Gonzalez A. , Tsongalis G. J. , Pyles R. , Bremer J. W. , Lurain N. S. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

We report a multilaboratory evaluation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load assays to determine their linear range, reproducibility, subtype detection, and agreement. A panel of HCV RNA samples ranging in nominal concentration from 1.0 to 7.0 log
10
IU/ml was constructed by diluting a clinical specimen (genotype 1b). Replicates of the panel were tested in multiple laboratories using the Abbott TaqMan analyte-specific reagent (Abbott reverse transcription-PCR [RT-PCR]), Roche TaqMan RUO (Roche RT-PCR), Roche Amplicor Monitor HCV 2.0 (Roche Monitor), and Bayer VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0 (Bayer bDNA) assays. Bayer bDNA-negative specimens were tested reflexively using the Bayer VERSANT HCV RNA qualitative assay (Bayer TMA). Abbott RT-PCR and Roche RT-PCR detected all 28 replicates with a concentration of 1.0 log
10
IU/ml and were linear to 7.0 log
10
IU/ml. Roche Monitor and Bayer bDNA detected 27 out of 28 and 13 out of 28 replicates, respectively, of 3.0 log
10
IU/ml. Bayer TMA detected all seven replicates with 1.0 log
10
IU/ml. Bayer bDNA was the most reproducible of the four assays. The mean viral load values for panel members in the linear ranges of the assays were within 0.5 log
10
for the different tests. Eighty-nine clinical specimens of various genotypes (1 through 4) were tested in the Bayer bDNA, Abbott RT-PCR, and Roche RT-PCR assays. For Abbott RT-PCR, mean viral load values were 0.61 to 0.96 log
10
greater than the values for Bayer bDNA assay for samples with genotype 1, 2, or 3 samples and 0.08 log
10
greater for genotype 4 specimens. The Roche RT-PCR assay gave mean viral load values that were 0.28 to 0.82 log
10
greater than those obtained with the Bayer bDNA assay for genotype 1, 2, and 3 samples. However, for genotype 4 samples the mean viral load value obtained with the Roche RT-PCR assay was, on average, 0.15 log
10
lower than that of the Bayer bDNA. Based on these data, we conclude that the sensitivity and linear range of the Abbott and Roche RT-PCR assays enable them to be used for HCV diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. However, the differences in the viral load values obtained with the different assays underscore the importance of using one assay when monitoring response to therapy.
Clinical Significance of Azole Antifungal Drug Cross-Resistance in
Candida glabrata
Authors: Panackal Anil A. , Gribskov Jennifer L. , Staab Janet F. , Kirby Katherine A. , Rinaldi Michael , Marr Kieren A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Candida glabrata
, which can become resistant to fluconazole, is a common cause of bloodstream infection. This study was performed to determine the significance of cross-resistance to new azole drugs among
C. glabrata
isolates recovered as a cause of infection in azole-treated hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Seven cases of invasive candidiasis caused by
C. glabrata
occurred in HSCT recipients who were receiving azole therapy between January 2000 and December 2004 in our institution. Case characteristics were ascertained. Sequential colonizing and invasive isolates were examined to determine susceptibilities to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole, and molecular relatedness by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Twenty-three
C. glabrata
isolates were recovered from 4 patients who developed candidemia while receiving fluconazole and three patients who developed candidemia while receiving voriconazole. The mode MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole for these isolates were ≥64 μg/ml (range, 4 to ≥64 μg/ml), 2 μg/ml (range, 0.25 to ≥16 μg/ml), and 1 μg/ml (range, 0.03 to ≥16 μg/ml), respectively. Kendall
tau
b correlation coefficients demonstrated significant associations between the MICs of voriconazole with fluconazole (
P
= 0.005) and itraconazole (
P
= 0.008). Colonizing and invasive isolates exhibiting variable susceptibilities had similar RFLP patterns. These observations suggest that
C. glabrata
exhibits considerable clinically significant cross-resistance between older azole drugs (fluconazole and itraconazole) and voriconazole. Caution is advised when considering voriconazole therapy for
C. glabrata
candidemia that occurs in patients with extensive prior azole drug exposure.
PCR Amplification of the IS
6110
Insertion Element of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Fecal Samples from Patients with Intestinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Balamurugan Ramadass , Venkataraman Subramanian , John K. R. , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan S. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

PCR amplification of insertion element IS
6110
of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in fecal samples was evaluated in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). The numbers of samples that tested positive by PCR with SalI digestion were 16/18 untreated-ITB samples, 0/8 treated-ITB samples, 12/14 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis samples, and 0/30 control samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of fecal PCR were 88.8%, 100%, 100%, and 93.7%, respectively.
Spondylodiscitis Caused by
Candida krusei
: Case Report and Susceptibility Patterns
Authors: Pemán Javier , Jarque Isidro , Bosch María , Cantón Emilia , Salavert Miguel , de Llanos Rosario , Molina Araceli 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

A 62-year-old man with amphotericin B-resistant
Candida krusei
spondylodiscitis, following an episode of candidemia caused by the same strain, was successfully treated with caspofungin plus voriconazole. Amphotericin B fungicidal concentrations were better predictors of the clinical outcome than were MICs. This is the first case of
C. krusei
spondylodiscitis reported in the literature.
In vitro and In vivo Radiosensitization Induced by the Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor Triapine (3-Aminopyridine-2-Carboxaldehyde-Thiosemicarbazone)
Authors: Barker Christopher A. , Burgan William E. , Carter Donna J. , Cerna David , Gius David , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Camphausen Kevin , Tofilon Philip J. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Because ribonucleotide reductase (RR) plays a role in DNA repair, it may serve as a molecular target for radiosensitization. Unlike previously investigated RR inhibitors, Triapine potently inhibits both RR holoenzymes. Therefore, the effects of Triapine on tumor cell radiosensitivity were investigated.
Experimental Design: The effects of Triapine on the in vitro radiosensitivity of three human tumor cell lines and one normal cell line were evaluated using a clonogenic assay. Growth delay was used to evaluate the effects of Triapine on in vivo tumor radiosensitivity. The levels of the RR subunits were determined using immunoblot analysis and DNA damage and repair were evaluated using γH2AX foci.
Results: Exposure of the tumor cell lines to Triapine before or immediately after irradiation resulted in an increase in radiosensitivity. In contrast, Triapine enhanced the radiosensitivity of the normal fibroblast cell line only when the exposure was before irradiation. There were no consistent differences between cell lines with respect to the expression of the RR subunits. Whereas Triapine had no effect on radiation-induced γH2AX foci at 1 hour, the number of γH2AX foci per cell was significantly greater in the Triapine-treated cells at 24 hours after irradiation, suggesting the presence of unrepaired DNA damage. Triapine administration to mice bearing tumor xenografts immediately after irradiation resulted in a greater than additive increase in radiation-induced tumor growth delay.
Conclusions: These results indicate that Triapine can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo and suggest that this effect involves an inhibition of DNA repair.
Stoic Gunk
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe surviving sources on the Stoic theory of division reveal that the Stoics, particularly Chrysippus, believed that bodies, places and times were such that all of their parts themselves had proper parts. That is, bodies, places and times were composed of gunk. This realisation helps solve some long-standing puzzles about the Stoic theory of mixture and the Stoic attitude to the present.
Calculation of the relative bonded area and scattering coefficient from sheet density and fibre shape
Authors: Batchelor Warren J. , Kibblewhite R. Paul 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The fraction of the available fibre surface in a sheet that is bonded to other fibres is the relative bonded area (RBA), which is an important determinant of sheet mechanical properties. The main method for estimating RBA has been to extrapolate data for the light scattering coefficient as a function of tensile strength to zero tensile strength. This method can produce significant errors. In this paper, the light scattering coefficient, corrected for the total surface area of the fibres available for scattering, was plotted against sheet density, corrected for fibre shape. This was carried out for sheets made from several series of pulps, including single furnishes of long- and short-fibre bleached and unbleached pulps, as well as sheets made of blends of bleached long- and short-fibre pulps. The corrected scattering coefficient was inversely linearly correlated to the corrected density for each data set. A theory was developed to allow RBA calculation from the intercept and slope of the fitted line.
Connective Tissue Graft for Gingival Recession Treatment: Assessment of the Maximum Graft Dimensions at the Palatal Vault as a Donor Site
Authors: Monnet‐Corti Virginie , Santini Alain , Glise Jean‐Marc , Fouque‐Deruelle Caroline , Dillier François‐Laurent , Liébart Marie‐Françoise , Borghetti Alain 
Published: May 2006

Background: The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a connective tissue donor site in gingival recession treatment. However, concern has been raised regarding the potential risk of damaging the greater palatine artery (GPA) due to anatomical variations in the palatal vault. The anatomy of the palatal vault in terms of size and shape may affect the maximum dimensions of the graft that can be safely taken from the palatal vault. In a cohort of patients free of periodontal disease, the purpose of this study was to assess the maximum dimensions of the graft, particularly the height and length, that could be safely taken from the palatal vault.Methods: Plaster impressions were made from 198 patients free of periodontal disease. Because the connective tissue graft is usually taken from an area extending from the mid‐palatal aspect of the canine to the mid‐palatal aspect of the second molar, this interval was measured and represented the maximum length dimension. The emergence of the GPA was assumed to be localized at the junction of the vertical and horizontal palatal walls of vault, and its course was marked on the plaster casts. The maximum height of the graft corresponded to the distances measured from the gingival margin to the marked course of the GPA of each tooth at its interproximal and mid‐palatal aspects.Results: The length of the maximum available tissue graft was 31.7 ± 4.0 mm. The distance extending from the gingival margin to the greater palatine artery ranged from 12.07 ± 2.9 mm at the canine level to 14.7 ± 2.9 mm at the mid‐palatal aspect of the second molar level. Therefore, in the premolar area, it was possible to harvest a connective tissue graft measuring 5 mm in height in all cases and 8 mm in height in 93% of cases.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the maximum available tissue graft as measured in the palatal vault was large enough to allow a safe withdrawal from this donor site in a high percentage of our patient population free of periodontal disease.
Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Bone‐Related mRNA Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro
Authors: Takayanagi Kazuaki , Osawa Ginko , Nakaya Hiroshi , Cochran David L. , Kamoi Kyuich , Oates Thomas W. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has demonstrated the potential to stimulate periodontal regeneration with mineralized tissue formation. Molecular regulators of bone metabolism include osteoprotegrin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and core binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfa1). The role of these regulatory molecules within the context of EMD stimulation of mineralized tissue formation is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to explore the effects of EMD on these bone‐related molecules in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.Methods: Human PDL‐cell cultures were treated with EMD (5 to 100 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Total RNA was isolated using phenolchloroform, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed using primers specific for OPG, RANKL, COX2, Cbfa1, and aldolase, with amplification in the exponential range for each molecule studied.Results: The results of this study show that there is a significant (P <0.05) increase in COX2 mRNA levels with EMD treatment, and no effects were noted on mRNA levels for Cbfa1. RANKL mRNA levels were significantly decreased (P <0.01) up to 50% with EMD treatment ≥25 μg/ml. OPG levels showed minimal effects with EMD treatment. However, the RANKL/OPG ratio showed a 40% to 55% reduction with EMD ≥25 μg/ml.Conclusion: This study supports a role for EMD stimulation of mineralized tissue formation consistent with periodontal regeneration by modulating regulatory molecules critical to bone metabolism at the RNA level.
Highly Efficient Electroluminescence from Green‐Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on CuI Complexes
Authors: Zhang Q. , Zhou Q. , Cheng Y. , Wang L. , Ma D. , Jing X. , Wang F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe complexes [Cu(dnbp)(DPEphos)]+(X–) (dnbp and DPEphos are 2,9‐di‐n‐butyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, respectively, and X– is BF4–, ClO4–, or PF6–) can form high‐quality films with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 71 ± 7 %. Their electroluminescent properties are studied using the device structure indium tin oxide (ITO)/complex/metal cathode. The devices emit green light efficiently, with an emission maximum of 523 nm, and work in the mode of light‐emitting electrochemical cells. The response time of the devices greatly depends on the driving voltage, the counterions, and the thickness of the complex film. After pre‐biasing at 25 V for 40 s, the devices turn on instantly, with a turn‐on voltage of ca. 2.9 V. A current efficiency of 56 cd A–1 and an external quantum efficiency of 16 % are realized with Al as the cathode. Using a low‐work‐function metal as the cathode can significantly enhance the brightness of the device almost without affecting the turn‐on voltage and current efficiency. With a Ca cathode, a brightness of 150 cd m–2 at 6 V and 4100 cd m–2 at 25 V is demonstrated. The electroluminescent performance of these types of complexes is among the best so far for transition metal complexes with counterions.
Effect of copolymer mixing on elongation property of as‐spun PET fibers
Authors: Oh Tae Hwan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe change of elongation property in the melt spinning process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, mixed with small amount of additive copolymer less than 5% by weight, was studied. The additive polymer was synthesized to improve the extensibility of matrix PET in the spinning process. The amount, molecular weight of additive polymer, and spinning conditions were changed to investigate the extensibility of as‐spun fibers. Experimental results show that the blend of copolymer improves the extensibility of as‐spun PET fibers. The elongation at break of as‐spun fibers increases with molecular weight and amount of additive polymer. The additive polymer prevents the fiber orientation and this causes the increase of extensibility of as‐spun fibers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1426–1431, 2006
Raman Spectroscopy of Short‐Lived Terthiophene Radical Cations Generated by Photochemical and Chemical Oxidation
Authors: Clarke Tracey M. , Gordon Keith C. , Chan Wing Sum , Phillips David Lee , Wagner Pawel , Officer David L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Raman spectra of various terthiophene radical cations are investigated; namely those of unsubstituted terthiophene and two styryl‐substituted terthiophenes. Transient pump–probe resonance Raman spectroscopy is used to measure the short‐lived radical cation spectra of non‐end‐capped 2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (3T) and 3′‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethenyl]‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (NO2‐pe3T). For these two compounds, the radical cations are generated via either direct photogeneration or photochemically using the electron acceptor tetracyanoethylene. The radical cation of 5,5′′‐dimethyl‐3′‐[(E)‐2‐phenylethenyl]‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (DM‐pe3T) is stable for up to five minutes as a result of the two α end caps and continuous‐wave resonance Raman spectroscopy and chemical oxidation is used to obtain the spectrum of this radical cation. The resonance Raman spectra of all three terthiophene radical cations are dominated by a group of very intense bands in the low‐frequency region. These bands have been assigned, by density functional theory methods, to CS stretching modes coupled to thiophene ring deformations. These modes are significantly less intense in the σ‐dimer of NO2‐pe3T [i.e. the corresponding styryl sexithiophene (NO2‐pe3T)2]. This observation is attributed to a smaller change in the CS bond order in the sexithiophene compared to the analogous terthiophene. This bond order difference may be rationalised by consideration of the singly occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which are involved in the electronic transition probed by the laser excitation wavelength.
Overexpression of RGPR‐p117 enhances regucalcin gene promoter activity in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells: Involvement of TTGGC motif
Authors: Sawada Natsumi , Yamaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA novel protein RGPR‐p117 was discovered as regucalcin gene promoter region‐related protein that binds to the TTGGC motif using a yeast one‐hybrid system. RGPR‐p117 is localized in the nucleus of kidney cells, and overexpression of RGPR‐p117 can modulate regucalcin protein and its mRNA expression in the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells. This study was undertaken to determine whether overexpression of RGPR‐p117 enhances the regucalcin promoter activity using the −710/+18 LUC construct (wild‐type) or −710/+18 LUC construct (mutant) with deletion of −523/−435 including TTGGC motif. NRK52E cells (wild‐type) or stable HA‐RGPR‐p117/phCMV2‐transfected cells (transfectant) were cultured in Dulbecco's minimum essential medium (DMEM) containing 5% bovine serum (BS). Wild‐type cells or transfectants were transfected with the −710/+18 LUC construct vector or the −710/+18 LUC construct with deletion of −523/−435. Wild‐type cells or transfectants with subconfluency were cultured for 48 h in a DMEM medium containing either vehicle, BS (5%), or parathyroid hormone (1–34) (PTH; 10−7 M). Luciferase activity in wild‐type cells was significantly increased with culture of BS or PTH. This increase was significantly blocked in the presence of various protein kinase inhibitors (staurosporine and PD 98059). Luciferase activity in transfectants was significantly increased as compared with that of wild‐type cells in the absence of BS or PTH. The increase in luciferase activity in transfectants was completely decreased in mutant with deletion of −523/−435 sequence of regucalcin promoter. This was also seen using the −710/+18 LUC construct with deletion of −523/−503 sequence containing TTGGC motif. The increase in luciferase activity in transfectants was not significantly enhanced with culture of BS (5%), PTH (10−7 M), Bay K 8644 (10−6 M), phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA; 10−6 M), or N6, 2′‐dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′‐monophosphate (DcAMP; 10−4 M). The increase in luciferase activity in transfectants was completely inhibited with culture of dibucaine (10−6 M), staurosporine (10−9 M), PD 98059 (10−8 M), wortmannin (10−8 M), genistein (10−6 M), vanadate (10−6 M), or okadaic acid (10−6 M) which are inhibitors of various kinases and protein phosphatases. This study demonstrates that RGPR‐p117 can enhance the regucalcin promoter activity which is related to the NF‐1 consensus sequences including TTGGC motif, and that its enhancing effect is partly mediated through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in NRK52E cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 589–597, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Doubly transitive 2‐factorizations
Authors: Bonisoli Arrigo , Buratti Marco , Mazzuoccolo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLet $\cal F$ be a 2‐factorization of the complete graph Kv admitting an automorphism group G acting doubly transitively on the set of vertices. The vertex‐set V(Kv) can then be identified with the point‐set of AG(n, p) and each 2‐factor of $\cal F$ is the union of p‐cycles which are obtained from a parallel class of lines of AG(n, p) in a suitable manner, the group G being a subgroup of A G L(n, p) in this case. The proof relies on the classification of 2‐(v, k, 1) designs admitting a doubly transitive automorphism group. The same conclusion holds even if G is only assumed to act doubly homogeneously. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Identification of a plasma proteomic signature to distinguish pediatric osteosarcoma from benign osteochondroma
Authors: Li Yiting , Dang Tu Anh , Shen Jianhe , Perlaky Laszlo , Hicks John , Murray Jeffrey , Meyer William , Chintagumpala Murali , Lau Ching C. , Man Tsz‐Kwong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children. To identify a plasma proteomic signature that can detect OS, we used SELDI MS to perform proteomic profiling on plasma specimens from 29 OS and 20 age‐matched osteochondroma (OC) patients. Nineteen statistically significant ion peaks that were differentially expressed in OS when compared with OC patients were identified (p < 0.001 and false discovery rate < 10%). Using the proteomic profiles, we constructed a multivariate 3‐nearest neighbors classifier to distinguish OS from OC patients with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 80% based on external leave‐one‐out crossvalidation. Permutation test showed that the classification result was statistically significant (p < 0.00005). One of the proteins (m/z 11 704) in the proteomic signature was identified as serum amyloid protein A (SAA) by PMF. The higher plasma level of SAA in OS patients was further validated by Western blotting when compared to that of osteochrondroma patients and normal subjects as reference. The classifier based on this plasma proteomic signature may be useful to differentiate malignant bone cancer from benign bone tumors and for early detection of OS in high‐risk individuals.