bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing: Cochlear and Brainstem Implants
Authors: Javia Luv R , Ruckenstein Michael J 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Cochlear and brainstem implantation technology allows many patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss the ability to perceive acoustic energy through artificial means and greatly enhances interaction with their environment. By understanding implant mechanism, device characteristics, patient indications, surgical techniques, complications and outcomes, implantation technology can be executed effectively and safely. Future advances in implantation strive to mimic normal hearing capabilities.
Olfactory Bulb: Synaptic Organization
Authors: Lowe Graeme 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Chemosensory information transduced by olfactory receptors in the periphery is mapped into a two dimensional array of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, creating an orderly spatial code of odour identity. In the bulb, local interneurons implement multiple layers of recurrent and lateral inhibition both within and across glomeruli. These synaptic operations can rescale, filter and modulate neural activity patterns of principal neurons, dynamically modifying odour representations being relayed to higher cortical centres.
Crop–Weed Competition
Authors: Gallandt Eric R , Weiner Jacob 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Competition from weeds is the most important of all biological factors that reduce agricultural crop yield. This occurs primarily because weeds use resources that would otherwise be available to the crop. The magnitude of yield loss is affected by many agronomic and environmental factors, but most importantly by the weed density, and time of emergence relative to the crop. Practices that (1) reduce the density of weeds or (2) maximize occupation of space or uptake of resources by the crop or (3) establish an early season size advantage of the crop over the weeds, will minimize the competitive effects of weeds on crops.
Possible Viral Zoonoses in Xenotransplantation
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Mattiuzzo Giada 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Xenotransplantation using genetically modified pigs may become a clinical reality in the near future and help many patients with various medical conditions. The study of porcine viruses is essential to delineate the potential risk of xenotransplantation‐mediated zoonoses.
Birth and Evolution of Human Exons
Authors: Vibranovski Maria Dulcetti , Sakabe Noboru Jo , Long Manyuan 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Exons can be independently gained or created in genes by exon shuffling, duplication and mutation of intronic sequences, especially repetitive elements as Alu. Such new exons are more prone to be alternatively spliced, included in transcripts in low frequencies and evolve faster than ancient exons. Alternative splicing is an important component of the evolution of new exons since it allows new gene parts to be slowly added to existing genes without compromising the original protein function. Eventually, new exons may be integrated to the original gene and evolve new functions.
Intron Evolution in Duplicated Human Genes
Authors: Jabbari Kamel , Rayko Edda 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This article discusses the fate of introns in human duplicated genes at the compositional genome transition that occurred between fish/amphibian and mammals. Indeed, at that transition, the ancestral copies (the genes of the gene‐dense ‘ancestral genome core’) underwent a guanine–cytosine (GC) enrichment to become the genes of the ‘genome core’. These copies had possibly acquired different functions and/or regulations.
Gene Flow, Haplotype Patterns and Modern Human Origins
Authors: Templeton Alan R 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Gene flow is a genetic interchange between local populations within a species. Information about past gene flow patterns can be extracted from haplotypes, which are the multisite nucleotide states of a stretch of deoxyribonucleic acid in the genome, and such studies reveal that gene flow has and continues to play an important role in human evolution, causing all modern humans to represent a single evolutionary lineage.
Copy Number Variation in the Human Genome
Authors: Kehrer‐Sawatzki Hildegard 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Copy number changes involving dosage‐sensitive genes are well‐known causes of human genetic diseases and inherited syndromes. Genome‐wide analytical techniques such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and end‐sequence comparison of large insert clones have revealed that polymorphic copy number variations (CNVs), manifesting as duplications or deletions, represent normal variants that contribute to human genomic diversity. Not all CNVs in the human genome have so far been discovered. However, it is already clear that CNVs contribute as much to human genomic variation as SNPs. Since many human CNVs contain genes, the expression differences associated with these genes are very likely to influence normal phenotypic variation. Further, since not all CNVs will turn out to be neutral variants, at least some of them are expected to alter drug metabolism or to influence disease predisposition as is already evident in the context of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) susceptibility, Crohn's disease and immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis.
Population Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactose Intolerance
Authors: Ingram Catherine Janet Ellen , Swallow Dallas Mary 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Variation in the ability of adult humans to digest the lactose in milk is a genetically determined trait that has excited the interest of many for the last 40 years. The trait seems to have risen to high frequencies by one of the strongest selection pressures ever described. This section describes the phenotypic polymorphism and the evidence that the genetic trait involves regulation of expression of the lactase gene, and is caused by multiple independent mutations that have reached high frequencies in different populations because of the benefits of milk drinking.
Energy Transport along Conjugated Polymer Chains: Through‐Space or Through‐Bond?
Authors: Van Averbeke Bernard , Beljonne David , Hennebicq Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOn the basis of a quantum‐chemical description of the lowest singlet electronic excited states of bi‐chromophoric model systems, we have disentangled the through‐bond (TB) from the through‐space (TS) contributions to the electronic interactions mediating energy hopping in rigid‐rod conjugated polymers. While TB interactions lead to significant mixing between local and charge‐transfer excitations in the ground‐state (acceptor) configuration, this effect is reduced in the excited‐state (donor) configuration as a result of the self‐confinement induced by geometric relaxation phenomena. Thus, an improved Förster‐type hopping model retaining only long‐range TS contributions between donors and acceptors but accounting for excited‐state delocalization among acceptors (possibly driven by TB interactions) appears as a minimal model to treat excitation transport along polymer chains.
Meeting the challenges of an aging workforce
Authors: Silverstein Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundDemographic, labor market and economic forces are combining to produce increases in the number and percentage of U.S. workers 55 and older. In some ways these workers will be our most skilled and productive employees but in others the most vulnerable.MethodsThe literature on aging and work was reviewed, including demographic trends, physical and cognitive changes, safety and performance, work ability, and retirement patterns.Results and ConclusionsOlder workers have more serious, but less frequent, workplace injuries and illnesses than younger ones. There is evidence that many of these problems can be prevented and their consequences reduced by anticipating the physical and cognitive changes of age. Many employers are aware that such efforts are necessary, but most have not yet addressed them. There is a need for implementation and evaluative research of programs and policies with four dimensions: the work environment, work arrangements and work‐life balance, health promotion and disease prevention, and social support. Employers who establish age‐friendly workplaces that promote and support the work ability of employees as they age may gain in safety, productivity, competitiveness, and sustainable business practices. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:269–280, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Claims firm overpays tens of millions—and then gets most of it back
Authors: Bleemer Russ 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA Brooklyn, N.Y. federal court judge presides over a claims resolution facility that he had ordered to retrieve nearly $60 million in misdirected payments. A negotiation‐style conference in the middle of the courtroom retraced the steps of the missing money— and how most of it had been returned in less than a month. Also: Italian law officially changes to allow class actions, providing for an “ADR Chamber of Reconciliation” to hash out payments.
Demulsification efficiency of some novel styrene/maleic anhydride ester copolymers
Authors: Al‐Sabagh A. M. , El‐Din M. R. Noor , Morsi R. E. , Elsabee M. Z. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFour demulsifiers were prepared in three steps. In the first step, styrene and maleic anhydride were copolymerized. In the second step, a long‐chain alcohol (dodecanol) was reacted with the prepared copolymer to form the monoesterified copolymer. In the final step, the resulting product was further esterified with poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block copolymers of different molecular weights (1.1, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0 × 103) and different PPO/PEO ratios. The demulsification efficiency of these demulsifiers was investigated with the bottle test (Sany glass). The effects of the molecular weight and ratio of the PPO–PEO block copolymers on the demulsification efficiency were studied. The demulsification efficiency could be enhanced from 66% by an individual demulsifier to 100% by demulsifier blends. The surface‐active and thermodynamic properties of the prepared demulsifiers were measured at 25, 35, and 45°C. The kinematics of the demulsification process were photographed with a binocular microscope. The demulsification mechanism was found to occur in three stages, that is, adsorption and flocculation, coalescence, and channel formation followed by separation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Flame retardant polyesters. III. Fibers
Authors: Yang Seung‐Cheol , Kim Jae Pil 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMost of the commercial flame retardant (FR) polyester fibers are produced using copolymerization with phosphorous FRs. We investigated the fiber properties, dyeing properties, and flame retardancy according to the phosphorous FR type. The physical properties of both the fibers are similar and suitable for textile application. But the dye adsorption rate is much faster in the case of main chain type. This is resulted from higher chain mobility analyzed by glass transition temperature. The main chain type FR polyester fiber adsorbed the dyestuff at lower temperature and reached exhaustion more quickly. And the resistance to chemicals such as acidic and alkaline solutions at high temperature have similar tendency with dye absorption. The migration of dyestuffs and chemicals into the polymer chain has good correlation with chain mobility of the polymers. The main chain type polyester fiber shows better flame retardancy than pendant type polyester, which might be brought about from more rapid degradation into polyphosphoric acid. The main chain type polyester fiber shows better flame retardancy than pendant type polyester. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biological and biochemical characteristics for quality control of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) reared on a liver‐based diet
Authors: Sighinolfi Luca , Febvay Gérard , Dindo Maria L. , Rey Marjolaine , Pageaux Jeanfrançois , Baronio Piero , Grenier Simon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBiological and biochemical parameters of a flightless strain of Harmonia axyridis, fed on a pork liver–based artificial diet and on Ephestia kuehniella eggs as controls, were compared. The diet‐grown larvae showed a significantly longer developmental time and a lower adult emergence rate compared to control larvae. The weights of the newly emerged adults were significantly higher for adults fed E. kuehniella eggs during their larval stages than fed the artificial diet. In contrast, larval food source had no effect on the duration of the pre‐oviposition period or adult longevity. For adults fed on E. kuehniella eggs as larvae, a significantly longer pre‐oviposition period, lower daily weight gain and fecundity were found for the diet‐fed females compared to those fed on E. kuehniella eggs throughout the life span. The adult food source had no significant effect on longevity and fertility. Lower amino acid and fatty acid contents (in particular C16:1 and C18:3n‐3) were found for the prepupae and newly emerged females obtained from diet‐reared larvae compared to controls. Deficiencies in fatty acids C16:1 and C18:3n‐3 were also observed in females obtained from E. kuehniella egg‐reared larvae and fed on diet from adult emergence. The analyses of the foods showed deficiencies in artificial diet, especially for some amino and fatty acids. The results suggest a non‐optimal composition of the artificial diet and some possibilities for its improvement. However, this polyphagous predator could be reared from first instar larvae to fully reproductive adults on a pork liver–based artificial diet. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive, affective and conative responses to visual simulation: the effects of rotation in online product presentation
Authors: Park Jihye , Stoel Leslie , Lennon Sharron J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Rotation, one type of visual simulation used to create three‐dimensional (3‐D) experiences, and currently being used for product presentation on some e‐tail websites, may create consumer responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of rotation in product presentation on the cognitive, affective, and conative responses of consumers. This study employed a single‐factor between‐subjects design: product presentation (rotating vs. non‐rotating). Causal model analysis showed the influence of rotation in product presentation on perceived information quantity, mood, attitude, and purchase intention. Theoretical and managerial implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stepwise Synthesis and Selective Dimerisation of Bis‐ and Trisloop Tetra‐urea Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Rudzevich Yuliya , Cao Yudong , Rudzevich Valentyn , Böhmer Volker 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTetra‐urea calix[4]arenes substituted with four mono‐ or bisalkenyl residues have been converted into bis‐ or tetraloop compounds by intramolecular olefin metathesis, with use of a tetratosylurea calix[4]arene as template. The same strategy has now been used to synthesise trisloop compounds and bisloop compounds with adjacent loops, completing the series of the loop‐containing tetra‐urea derivatives. A tetra‐urea calix[4]arene of the AABB type, where A stands for a bisalkenyl‐ and B for a monoalkenyl‐substituted urea unit, was used as precursor for the three loops. It was easily synthesised from a tetraamino calix[4]arene in which two adjacent amino groups were Boc‐protected. The ABCB‐type precursor for the two adjacent loops was prepared through protection of two opposite amino functions with trityl groups. The capabilities of the novel macrocyclic tetra‐ureas for the selective formation of hydrogen‐bonded dimers were studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Density Functional Calculation of Band‐Parameters for Boron Nitride at Normal and High Pressures.
Authors: Saib S. , Bouarissa N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: La4B14O27: A Lanthanum ultra‐Oxoborate with a Framework Structure.
Authors: Nikelski Tanja , Schaefer Marion C. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry and Physical Properties of the Ternary Compounds Ln10B9C12 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Hiebl Kurt , Kremer Reinhard K. , Mattausch Hansjuergen , Simon Arndt 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electrical Characterization of the Novel SrCo0.9Sb0.1O3‐δ Perovskite: Evaluation as a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Material.
Authors: Aguadero A. , de la Calle C. , Alonso J. A. , Escudero M. J. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. , Daza L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TbFCl2: The First Fluoride Chloride of the Trivalent Lanthanoids.
Authors: Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel One‐Dimensional Inorganic‐Organic Hybrids Constructed from [H2W12O40]6‐ Clusters and Lanthanide‐Organic Complexes: [(C5H5N—CO2)2Ln (H2O)3]2 [H2W12O40]×nH2O (C5H5N—CO2 = Pyridine‐4‐carboxylate; Ln = La3+, n = 5; Ce3+, n = 7).
Authors: Pang Hai‐jun , Chen Ya‐guang , Meng Fan‐xia , Shi Dong‐mei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (1,4‐dabH)2MnSnS4: The First Thiostannate with Integrated Mn2+ Ions in an Anionic Chain Structure.
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Moeller Karina , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenations One by One: Differentiation of up to Three β‐Ketocarboxylic Acid Derivatives Based on Ruthenium(II)—Binap Catalysis.
Authors: Kramer Rainer , Brueckner Reinhard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysts Wrapped Around by Poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs): A Unique Host—Guest System for Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Xu Dan Qian , Luo Shu Ping , Wang Yi Feng , Xia Ai Bao , Yue Hua Dong , Wang Li Ping , Xu Zhen Yuan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Ketoesters and Quinoline Using Electronically Enriched BINAP.
Authors: Jahjah Mohamad , Alame Mohamad , Pellet‐Rostaing Stephane , Lemaire Marc 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]‐ and 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3‐c]pyridines in Reactions with Alkynes Activated by Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Listratova A. V. , Sorokina E. A. , Tolkunov S. V. , Varlamov A. V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Attack versus N‐Attack: Electrophilic Halocyclization of Unsaturated Amides with Vinylic Halogen Substitution.
Authors: Hu Tianshun , Liu Kun , Shen Meihua , Yuan Xinting , Tang Yu , Li Chaozhong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide under Organic Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kon Yoshihiro , Usui Yoko , Sato Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Photochemical and Microwave Mediated Monobromination of Aromatic Compounds Using 2,4,4,6‐Tetrabromo‐2,5‐cyclohexadienone.
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Kad Goverdhan L. , Singh Vasundhara , Singh Jasvinder 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.