bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturation of immunoglobulin G avidity after rubella vaccination studied by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Avidity‐ELISA) and by haemolysis typing
Authors: Hedman Klaus , Hietala Jukka , Tiilikainen Anja , Hartikainen‐Sorri Anna‐Liisa , Räihä Kirsti , Suni Jukka , Väänänen Pertti , Pietiläinen Marjatta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo tests were introduced recently for assessment of the avidity of rubella immunoglobulin antibodies. In the quantitative test—avidity—enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)—IgG antibodies obtained from individuals shortly after primary infection with rubella virus are distinguished from those with past immunity by their antigen‐elution characteristics. This method uses agents that disrupt hydrophobic bonds in proteins [Kamoun PP (1988): Denaturation of globular proteins by urea: Breakdown of hydrophobic bonds? Trends in Biological Sciences 13:424–425.]. In the semiquantitative, presumptive test—haemolysis typing—the lowavidity rubella‐IgG antibodies are distinguished from the high‐avidity antibodies by the quality of their haemolytic zones in a radial haemolysis test. In the present study, both tests were applied to sera taken before and after vaccination with two different strains (Cendehill or RA 27/3) of live attenuated rubella virus. It was found that after vaccination of previously nonimmune subjects, IgG synthesized during the first 2 months had a very low avidity; IgG avidity increased dramatically during the subsequent 4 months and less markedly between 6 and 12 months after vaccination. On the contrary, the initially high IgG avidity of previous immune vaccinees remained at an elevated level postvaccination. These results provide a basis for identification of recent primary rubella virus infections, or vaccination reactions, by the avidity of specific IgG and also for their separation from rubella reinfections.
Altered in vitro uptake of the radiolabelled antiviral imaging “probe” e‐5‐(2‐125iodovinyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine following administration of acyclovir
Authors: Klapper Paul E. , Lewis Alfor G. , Cleator Graham M. , Templeton Phillip , Longson Maurice 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCurrent developments in the use of radiolabelled antiviral drugs as specific “probes” for virus‐infected cells in vivo may allow the specific neuroradiological diagnosis of herpes encephalitis. As “blind therapy” with the antiviral drug acyclovir may precede specific neuroradiological diagnosis, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not acyclovir interferes with the uptake of the radioprobe E‐5‐(2‐125 lodovinyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (rlVDU) by virusinfected cells in vitro. Acyclovir treatment (0.1 to 10 m̈g/ml) was shown to increase initial radioprobe uptake by virus‐infected cells. However, with continued incubation in the presence of acyclovir, intracellular radioactivity decreased to a level not significantly different from that associated with noninfected cells. A mechanism to explain these results is proposed. It was concluded that concurrent acyclovir therapy could interfere with neuroradiological diagnosis using rlVDU, although this may not occur with all the candidate radioprobes currently under investigation.
Inactivation of human hepatitis b virus dna polymerase by pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate
Authors: Oh Sang‐Hwan , Park Yeon‐Hee , Woo Koo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase activity was inhibited by pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) specifically and noncompetitively with respect to deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP). NaBH4 reduction of PLP‐HBV core proteins resulted in the complete inactivation of HBV DNA polymerase, and PLP modification of the enzyme was thought to be mediated through Schiff‐base formation.HBV DNA polymerase has a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.31 m̈M for dTTP and an apparent inhibition constant (Ki) of 0.2 mM for PLP. Its inactivation and modification by PLP may be useful in the study of not only the reaction mechanism of catalysis, but also the physicochemical nature of the enzyme.
High prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and possible association with betel quid chewing and smoking in oral epidermoid carcinomas in taiwan
Authors: Chang Kuo‐Wei , Chang Che‐Shoa , Chou Ming‐Jer , Lai Koon‐Siew , Choo Kong‐Bung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeventeen oral epidermoid carcinomas, three oral papillomas, and 17 normal gingival tissues were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 sequences by Southern blot hybridization. Episomal HPV‐16 sequences in various amounts were detected in 76.4% of the oral carcinomas and in all three cases of papilloma. However, only one of the 17 normal tissues was HPV positive with an unknown type. None of the samples contained HPV‐6, ‐11, or ‐18 sequences. Examination of the habits of the patients showed that 59% of the patients were betel quid chewers and 82% were smokers. Thus, the concurrent incidence of HPV infection and betel quid chewing and/or smoking habits in oral carcinoma patients observed in Taiwan is consistent with the view that both viral and chemical factors may be involved in the process of carcinogenesis.
Animal model of ultraviolet‐radiation‐induced recurrent herpes simplex virus infection
Authors: Stanberry Lawrence R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of a model of induced recurrent herpes simplex virus disease would facilitate studies of the mechanism(s) responsible for reactivation of latent virus. The guinea pig model of genital herpes is characterized by a selflimited primary infection, the establishment of a latent infection in sensory ganglia, and the subsequent development of spontaneous recurrent genital infections. This study reports that exposure of latently infected female guinea pigs to ultraviolet radiation results in the induction of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections in approximately 60% of animals. Furthermore, there was a dose‐response relationship between ultraviolet irradiation and ability to induce recurrent disease. This model should prove useful in further investigations of the pathophysiology of herpes simplex infections.
Comparison of three techniques for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with lower acute respiratory infections
Authors: Salomón Horacio E. , Grandien Mónica , Weissenbacher Mercedes C. , Avila María M. , Pettersson Carl‐Axel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA comparison of immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and isolation in tissue culture (TC) for detection of respiratory viruses was performed on 496 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children under 5 years of age with lower acute respiratory infections who were receiving attention at three hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. All samples were tested by the three methods for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, adenovirus, and parainfluenza 1 and 3. Viral diagnosis was made in 167 samples (33.7%); of these, 124 (74.3%) were isolated in TC, whereas 120 (71.8%) were detected by ELISA and 127 (76%) by IF. RSV was detected in 121 samples, mainly by ELISA and IF. The sensitivity and specificity of each rapid technique as compared with isolation in TC were similar, reaching 98% and 92%, respectively. When ELISA was compared with IF, the sensitivity was 95%, and the specificity was 98%. Adenovirus was detected in 18 patients by TC. For this virus, rapid techniques sensitivity as compared with TC was low (almost 22%). Parainfluenza 3 was readily detected by IF and TC; influenza A, B and parainfluenza 1 were detected in few samples; and tissue culture proved more efficient than rapid techniques. The results indicate that both rapid techniques are good tools for the detection of most respiratory viruses except for adenovirus, for which TC cannot be omitted.
Hbv‐Dna hybridization in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with alcohol in japan
Authors: Horiike Norio , Michitaka Kojiro , Onji Morikazu , Murota Toshiko , Ohta Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo clarify the role of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with alcohol consumption, HBV‐DNA in the liver of 19 patients with HCC were investigated. HBV‐DNA was examined by Southern blot hybridization. HBV‐DNA was integrated into tumor cells from five out of six (83%) patients with HCC associated with HBs antigen (HBsAg)‐positive posthepatitic liver cirrhosis (LC), but this was not related to the history of alcohol intake. In 13 HCC patients of HBsAg‐negative alcoholic LC, HBV‐DNA integration was not detected in any patient. These findings suggest that HBV does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of HCC in HBsAgnegative alcoholics in Japan.
Hiv genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seronegative regular sexual partners of hiv‐infected subjects
Authors: Pezzella M. , Vonesch N. , Sorice F. , Mannella E. , Mirolo M. , Miceli M. , Rosci M. A. , Morace G. , Rapicetta M. , Macchi B. , Angeloni P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by using in situ hybridization on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seronegative regular sexual partners of HIV‐infected subjects. The cells were hybridized with a 9 kilobase (kb) Sstl‐Sstl lambda BH 10 probe, which was able to recognize both viral mRNA and proviral cDNA. Labeling was done by chemical insertion of an antigenic sulfone group in cytosine moieties and was visualized by a double‐antibody immunohistochemical reaction. In all the subjects studied, the HIV genome was present. The HIV infected cells showed morphological aspects consistent with that of lymphocytes and monocytes. Our data suggest that the anti‐HIV seronegative individuals who are regular sexual partners of HIV‐infected subjects may be HIV‐infected.
Case report: Acute type a hepatitis presenting with hypotension, bradycardia, and sinus arrest
Authors: Gordon Stuart C. , Patel Atulkumar S. , Veneri Robert J. , Keskey Kristin A. , Korotkin Steven M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cardiovascular complications of viral hepatitis are not widely recognized. Profound hypotension and a variety of dysrhythmias, including sinus arrest, have been reported in association with viral hepatitis, but most of these cases were described before the advent of specific viral serologic markers. Furthermore, previous instances of cardiovascular complications occurred during the course of an established viral syndrome. We report the cases of two previously healthy women who presented with unexplained hypotension and bradycardia as the initial manifestations of acute icteric hepatitis A. This phenomenon appears to represent a variant clinical presentation of a common viral entity.
Enhanced endothelial cytopathogenicity induced by a cytomegalovirus strain propagated in endothelial cells
Authors: James Waldman W. , Sneddon Jeffrey M. , Stephens Ralph E. , Roberts William H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEndothelial involvement has been implicated in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a source of major complications in immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] and organ transplants). Traditionally, CMV has been grown in fibroblasts; however, propagation in these cells may alter characteristics of the virus. In developing an in vitro model system of CMV/endothelial cell interaction, we have addressed this issue by propagating a clinical isolate, CMV VHL 1, in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells by serial cocultivation of heavily infected cultures with fresh HUVE monolayers and have compared its infectious properties with those of the fibroblast‐raised strain, CMV AD169. In situ hybridization using a biotinylated DNA probe, as well as immunofluorescent staining for CMV specific antigen, has confirmed infection of HUVE cells inoculated with either strain of the virus. Infection of HUVE by VHL was accompanied by dramatic cytopathology not observed in AD169‐infected cells. Plaque assay of culture supernatants revealed greater virus production in VHL‐infected HUVE as compared with equivalently inoculated fibroblasts. In contrast, AD169 production in inoculated fibroblasts exceeded that in HUVE. These studies demonstrate the suitability of cultured endothelial cells as a substrate for CMV propagation and suggest that a strain of virus thus propagated may offer an accurate model of CMV/endothelial cell interaction in human disease.
New cd4( +) cell line susceptible to infection by hiv‐1
Authors: Tremblay Michel , Rooke Ronald , Geleziunas Romas , Wainberg Mark A. , Sullivan Arthur K. , Tsoukas Christos , Gilmore Norbert , Shematek Gene 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInfection of a newly described human T lymphoid cell line, CEM‐CL10, with three different variants of HIV‐1 resulted in cytopathic effects followed by cell lysis. Following primary lytic infection, proviral DNA could not be detected by Southern blot analysis in the outgrowth of the surviving CEM‐CL10 cells 60 days after initial exposure to HIV‐1. These surviving cells could be further grown as a separate line, derived from CEM‐CL10, and were found to be resistant to subsequent infection by HIV‐1. A marked decrease in CD4 antigen expression was observed in these latter cells but not of the CD3 and transferrin receptor antigens. This decline in cell surface CD4 expression was correlated with both an absence of specific CD4 mRNA and with changes in structure of the CD4 gene. Both the HIV‐1‐sensitive CEM‐CL10 cell line and its CD4(‐), HIV‐1‐resistant derivative line, will be made available to interested investigators.
Postpartum subsidence of hepatitis B viral replication in hbeag‐positive carrier mothers
Authors: Lin Ho‐Hsiung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Sung Juei‐Low , Yang Kung‐Ho , Young Yiang‐Chin , Liou Yu‐Sen , Chen Yuan‐Ping , Lee Tzu‐Yao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo elucidate the effects of pregnancy and delivery on hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive carrier mothers, 31 HBeAg‐positive carrier mothers were followed‐up postpartum 1 year, with 30 HBeAg‐positive nonpregnant female carriers as controls. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg titer, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA concentration were studied at defined intervals. The results revealed that in the control group HBeAg titers and HBV‐DNA concentrations fluctuated, whereas the HBsAg titers showed little change, but HBeAg clearance or seroconversion to anti‐HBe were not noted on follow‐up. In contrast, one carrier mother sero‐converted to anti‐HBe during pregnancy and the antibody persisted thereafter. Five of the remaining 30 carrier mothers cleared HBeAg postpartum, and among these five cases, one also seroconverted to anti‐HBe. In addition, in another five of the 30 cases, the HBV‐DNA fell to undetectable level (< 0.04 ng/ml). All these ten cases had a common tendency of showing a decrease in HBeAg titers and/or HBV‐DNA concentrations 1–2 months after delivery. The HBeAg titers and HBV‐DNA concentrations in the other 11 cases remained unchanged, whereas the remaining nine cases had increased levels. It is concluded that subsidence of HBV replication is precipitated by delivery in one‐third of HBeAg‐positive carrier mothers in Taiwan, and this occurs most frequently 1–2 months postpartum.
Combined effects of acyclovir and human interferon‐α on herpes simplex virus replication in cultured neural cells
Authors: Hanada Naoki , Kido Shinji , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Goto Yasuhiro , Rahman Mizanur M. , Morishima Tsuneo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe combined effects of Acyclovir [9‐(2α‐hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; ACV] and human interferon‐α (IFN‐α) on replication of the herpes simplex virus type I (HSV‐1) were determined in human neural cell lines, neuroblastoma (IMR), glioblastoma (118MGC), and glioma (U251MG). HSV‐1 grew well in all these cells, with final yields of more than 1 x 106 PFU/ml. In terms of virus‐yield reduction, ACV was found to be highly effective in IMR, moderately effective in U251MG, but ineffective in 118MGC. By contrast, IFN‐α reduced the virus yield significantly in 118MGC and in U251MG, but did not in IMR. Combined application of ACV and IFN‐α strongly inhibited the virus replication in all three cell lines with various degrees of synergism or additive effect. These results were also confirmed by immunofluorescent examinations. The sensitivity of HSV‐1 to ACV or IFN‐α was found to be different among the three different cell types. By combining the two agents, the virus growth was strongly suppressed in all the cells. These results suggest the importance of combination therapy for severe type of herpes simplex encephalitis in clinical practice.
DNA dot‐blot hybridization implicates human papillomavirus type 11‐DNA in epithelioma cuniculatum
Authors: Knobler R. M. , Schneider S. , Neumann R. A. , Bodemer W. , Radlwimmer B. , Aberer E. , Söltz‐Szöts J. , Gebhart W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEpithelioma cuniculatum is a rare, low‐grade squamous cell carcinoma, belonging to the group of verrucous carcinomas. Evidence is presented that suggests that human papilloma virus type‐11 may be involved in the pathogenesis of epithelioma cuniculatum. HPV‐DNA was detected by dot‐blot hybridization with 32P‐labelled probe DNA. Plasmids containing HPV‐DNA were isolated by the benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE cellulose method (BND‐method), an improved procedure for routine detection of HPV‐DNA.
Restriction fragment differences between the genomes of the Oka varicella vaccine virus and american wild‐type varicella‐zoster virus
Authors: Adams Susan G. , Dohner Dennis E. , Gelb Lawrence D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Oka vaccine strains of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) have a significantly different BgII DNA restriction pattern from that of American wild‐type isolates of VZV. This difference consists primarily of an additional BgII site, which lies within the BamHI “D” fragment. In conjunction with a study of the efficacy of an experimental Merck/Oka VZV vaccine, the area of the genome from which the most marked restriction pattern alteration arises was studied more closely to determine if there are other significant differences between the Oka strains and American wild‐type strains. BamHI “D” fragments from the DNA of the Oka parent strain (the progenitor of the vaccine strain), the RIT/Oka vaccine strain (a derivative of the Oka parent strain), the Merck/Oka vaccine strain, and the EF strain (an American wild type), were submitted to extensive endonuclease digestion studies to ascertain if additional unique restriction sites are present in the Oka parent or vaccine strains. The extra BgII restriction site characteristic of the Merck/Oka vaccine strain is also present in the DNA of the parent virus as well as its derivitives and was therefore not produced by the “attenuation” process. No other novel sites were found in the Oka parent or Oka‐derived strains in this section of the genome. The Merck/Oka vaccine strain of VZV, despite its Japanese origin, is therefore quite similar to circulating American varicella‐zoster virus strains. Varicella‐zoster virus DNA, at least in the area of the BamHI D fragment, also appears to be remarkably stable from strain to strain.
Hepatitis delta virus infections in intravenous drug abusers with hepatitis B in the west of Scotland
Authors: McCruden E. A. B. , Follett E. A. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of delta virus infection was studied in 264 intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) whose sera were found to be HBsAg positive between 1985 and 1987 and in 15 IVDAs from the period 1971–75, seven from 1976, 15 from 1979, and 37 from 1982. Delta markers were present in 41% of IVDAs with acute hepatitis B and in 65% of those who were chronic HBsAg carriers between 1985–87. The first evidence of delta virus infection was found in 1975. In 1976, 1979, and 1982, respectively, 42, 63, and 5% of IVDAs with acute hepatitis B had delta coinfection.In the West of Scotland, delta infection has been established in the IVDA population since 1975. The very high percentage of IVDA carriers superinfected with the delta virus implies that there will be an excess of patients presenting with severe liver disease in the future.
Detection of human coronavirus 229E in nasal washings using RNA:RNA hybridization
Authors: Myint S. , Siddell S. , Tyrrell D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method is described for the detection of human coronavirus 229E (HCV 229E) in nasal washings using RNA:RNA filter hybridization. Volunteers were inoculated with HCV 229E, and daily nasal washings were collected. These washings were then examined for the presence of viral RNA using a single‐stranded RNA probe. Nucleic acid hybridization is shown to be a sensitive technique for the diagnosis of HCV 229E infections.
Comparison of different methods for detecting human immune deficiency virus in human immunodeficiency virus‐seropositive hemophiliacs
Authors: Schneweis K. E. , Ackermann A. , Friedrich A. , Kleim J.‐P. , Kornau K. , Ruff R. , Siefer‐Wippermann B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince the detection of antibodies against the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) does not definitely prove HIV infection in hemophiliacs, virus detection was attempted by virus isolation from the peripheral blood monocytes (PBL), by demonstration of p24 antigen and decline of p24 antibody, and by detection of viral DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Virus isolation was optimized by immediate coculture of PBL and by replacement of the reverse transcriptase test by the p24 antigen test, whereas the elimination of CD8+ lymphocytes proved to be unnecessary. Virus detection was dependent on the clinical stage of the illness. Virus isolation in 70 of 211 patients (33%) was more sensitive than detection of p24 antigen or decline of p24 antibody. PCR was performed in 25 patients and indicated infection in all of 15 isolation‐positive cases and in 6 of 10 patients from whom virus was not isolated. Changes from negative to positive virus culture and from a weakly fusiogenic to a highly fusiogenic isolate were often accompanied by a progression of the disease. The results suggest that reactivation of HIV occurs when immune deficiency has become manifest. Apparently virus isolation detects only the virus already reactivated in vivo, whereas the PCR may also detect latent virus.
Delta hepatitis in kiribati: A pacific focus
Authors: Tibbs C. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrom the Pacific Republic of Kiribati, 90/130 (69%) of hepatitis B‐infected individuals carry antibodies to hepatitis delta virus. The prevalence of delta infection varied between geographically isolated subgroups in the population and delta antibodies were found more frequently in subjects over the age of 10. It is unlikely that delta superinfection in this population is associated with an acute hepatitic illness. The prevalence of delta infection is the highest recorded from the Pacific region and thus migrants from Kiribati may have provided the source of infection in other populations in this region.
Passive protection of mice, goats, and monkeys against Japanese encephalitis with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Zhang Mingjie , Wang Meixan , Jiang Shaozhun , Ma Wenyu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were tested for passive protection in JEV‐infected mice, goats, and rhesus monkeys. mG9 and nG2 had no protective effect; mG3 and 2D2 had some protective effect, but not sufficient to be of therapeutic significance; and 2H4 and 2F2 had excellent protective efficacy in mice even 120 hr after infection when most of the mice in the virus control group were sick. The mixture of 2H4, 2F2, mC3 (M‐McAb), and their F(ab')2 fragments showed excellent protection in mice, goats, and monkeys and was safe. The protective effects of McAbs correlated with their neutralization titers, but cytotoxicity‐mediated activities also played a role in protection.