bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Study: World Health Organization-International League of Associations for Rheumatology Community-Oriented Programme for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (WHO-ILAR COPCORD) in Indonesia and Brazil
Authors: Darmawan John , Ferraz Marcos Bosi , Muirden Kenneth D. , Tugwell Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe three-stage World Health Organization-International League of Associations for Rheumatology Community Oriented Programme for Control of Rheumatic Disease (WHO-ILAR COPCORD) is described. Stage I results from Indonesia and Brazil are presented. This is a needs-based approach that offers efficiency in large-scale survey research that aims to estimate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases. It saves human resources, time, and cost in the collection of epidemiologic data. Awaited with interest are the results of the next two stages of COPCORD, which involve the development of educational programs on rheumatic disease and the evaluation of their impact on the burden of illness.
Models for Determining Cost of Care and Length of Stay in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Khoshnood Babak , Lee Kwang-Sun , Corpuz Maria , Koetting Michael , Hsieh Hui-Lung , Kim Beyong Ii 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNew models for determining the cost of care and length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were developed using financial and clinical data from 588 admissions to our NICU. The model for determining costs explained 71% of the variability in total hospital costs. Models such as the ones developed in this study can be used to compare costs in different institutions, determine temporal trends in costs, and examine the financial impact of using new technologies. Such models can also be useful components of a rational prospective pricing system for the NICU.
The Clinical Effectiveness and Financial Impact of Utilizing Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells as Rescue Therapy following Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant
Authors: Kucharski Andrew J. , Ghalie Richard , Greenstein Sharon , Matuszewski Karl 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe use of peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant as rescue therapy after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplant significantly decreases transfusion, laboratory, room, and total charges. An improvement in clinical indicators also points toward decreased patient morbidity. Additional cost reductions may be realized by greater utilization of outpatient care, thereby further reducing room and total charges.
The ‘Utility’ of the Visual Analog Scale in Medical Decision Making and Technology Assessment: Is It an Alternative to the Time Trade-off?
Authors: Stiggelbout Anne M. , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Kiebert Gwendoline M. , Kievit Job , Leer Jan-Willem H. , De Haes Hanneke J. C. J. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMethods often used for the valuation of health states are the time trade-off (TTO) and the visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS is easier than the TTO and can be self-administered; however it usually leads to lower scores. In the literature a power transformation of group mean VAS scores to TTO scores has been proposed. We were able to replicate this finding of a power function. We found coefficients that were very similar to those from the literature, for 183 cancer patients. The relationship existed independently of disease state and health status.
Economic Evaluation Alongside Multinational Clinical Trials:Study Considerations for GUSTO iib
Authors: Jönsson Bengt , Weinstein Milton C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractData relevant to economic evaluation are being collected alongside clinical trials with increasing frequency. When these trials involve health outcomes and resource utilization in many different countries, numerous methodologic problems arise. This paper describes and discusses the methodology for economic evaluation that will be used in the Economic Substudy of GUSTO llb, as an example of how to address the problems that arise in economic evaluations linked to international trials.
Identifying New Health Care Technologies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Stevens Andrew , Robert Glenn , Gabbay John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe aimed to establish a 1996 baseline of new health care technologies that are predicted to have an impact on the United Kingdom's National Health Service in the next five years. One thousand and ninty-nine health care technologies were identified from a variety of sources. Further work will attempt to determine the most efficient method of identifying and monitoring new health care technologies.
Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy:A Review of Current Issues
Authors: Young Wendy , Cohen Marsha M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA review of 39 articles found no consensus on indication for laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) compared with traditional approaches. Since only three randomized trials comparing LAVH with traditional methods exist, the scientific basis for surgical choice is lacking. Uncontrolled studies indicated that outcomes following LAVH were not superior to vaginal hysterectomy and costs were significantly higher.
Satisfaction May Not Suffice!: A Commentary on ‘a Patient's Perspective’
Authors: Cleary Paul D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere are inherent limitations in using assessments of patient satisfaction to make inferences about the quality of medical care. Such evaluations tend to be subjective, subject to reporting biases, and difficult to interpret when they are being used to motivate and guide quality improvement efforts. Newer methods of eliciting both reports and ratings from consumers, such as the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans (CAHPS) project, can provide reliable, valid, interpretable, and actionable data about selected aspects of health care. The use of these methods and continued use of new qualitative methods, such as cognitive interviewing, should allow us to continue increasing the prominence of consumer-based information in quality assessment and improvement efforts.
Design of Cost-Effective Packages of Care for Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Defining the Information Needs
Authors: Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis review concludes that: a) the global burden of disease from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) cannot be completely estimated at present; b) evidence for the efficacy of key elements of a package of care is still needed; c) generalizing the results of evaluations of costs or effectiveness across different populations is not straightforward; and d) for this complex intervention, the costs and effectiveness of intervention may be highly dependent on methods of organizing care. Addressing this information deficit represents an important task for researchers and health decision makers.
The Deinstitutionalization Movement in Italy: Ideological Thrust to Cultural Error
Authors: Romanucci-ross Lola 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Basaglia movement in Italian psychiatry is described and analyzed in several contexts: the historical, the cultural, and the “practical” in terms of outcomes. Those who began the movement of democratic psychiatry grasped interesting elements of “critical theory”: the definitions of madness, power structures, and medical discourse itself. A backward look at the sea change, however, reveals states and rates of dysfunction that disappoint and indicate that political ideology divorced from cultural awareness can often harden the opposition.
Results of the Economic Evaluation of the FIRST Study:A Multinational Prospective Economic Evaluation
Authors: Schulman Kevin A. , Buxton Martin , Glick Henry , Sculpher Mark , Guzman Gladys , Kong Janet , Backhouse Martin , Mauskopf Jo , Bell Larry , Eisenberg John M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present the prospective economic evaluation that served as a secondary endpoint for the FIRST study, a randomized international multicenter trial of patients with severe congestive heart failure. Although the clinical results of this study were disappointing, we demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating prospective economic evaluation in phase III clinical trials.
Can Resource Use be Extracted from Randomized Controlled Trials to Calculate Costs?: A Review of Smoking Cessation Interventions in General Practice
Authors: Rigby Kathryn , Silagy Christopher , Crockett Alan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe ability to extract information on resource use from randomized controlled trials can provide the groundwork for systematically compiling health economic reviews of health interventions. A review of the brief smoking interventions in general practice demonstrates that not all the necessary information can be extrapolated from these trials, and cost data will have to be supplemented from other sources.
The Diffusion of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners in a Changing U.S. Health Care Environment
Authors: Hillman Bruce J. , Neu C.R. , Winkler John D. , Aroesty Jerome , Rettig Richard A. , Williams Albert P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTechnological aspects and early clinical experiences are arousing great enthusiasm over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, influences such as regulation, reimbursement, and increasing competition also are playing important roles in determining the diffusion of this new technology. Of these considerations, competition among providers seems the most important. Competition related to MRI is manifested as direct competition over MRI services, using MRI to improve a provider's strategic position and competition among specialties. In making decisions concerning MRI acquisition and operation, providers are drawing upon their experiences with computed tomography (CT) to help them determine when would be the best time for acquisition, how to decide whether acquisition is appropriate, and how best to acquire, operate, and market the technology.
Early Warning in the Light of Theories of Technological Change
Authors: Blume Stuart 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCurrent interest in early warning can be understood as a natural response to the regularity with which health service planners have been overwhelmed by new technology. Planning the rational introduction of a new technology should be facilitated by advance warning of its imminent arrival on the market. Current approaches to early warning tend to rely on the insights and expectations of scientific and clinical experts in the field in question. In this paper it is argued that such an approach fails to recognize important changes that have occurred both in the innovation process itself, and in theoretical understanding of it. With the more complex roles that governments now play, and with the increasingly articulate demands of consumers, the innovation process has become more complex. At the same time, it is now clear that the innovation process embodies a multitude of choices. Approaches to early warning must be compatible with these new perspectives.
Basis for Decisions on Emerging Health Technology: A Danish Feasibility Study
Authors: Jørgensen Torben , Larsen Lars Grupe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe objectives of the feasibility study were to evaluate sources of information for an eventual Danish system for early identification and assessment of emerging health technology, to identify potential users of the system, and to clarify their specific need for information concerning emerging health technology. The methods used were questionnaires to informants within and outside the health services and to decision makers on different levels in the health services, and follow-up telephone interviews. Our study reveals a strong, and to some extent unsatisfied, need among policy makers, planners, and managers in the Danish health services for information concerning emerging health technology. The requested information should in particular concern indication for use, number of patients affected, clinical effectiveness and side effects, running cost, and investments. The time horizon most relevant to the decision makers seems to be only zero to 2 years. Furthermore, we found that numerous sources are available that frequently display information on emerging technology important to the health services. The challenges seem to be to select information of sufficient importance and quality, and to combine information, since very few, if any, single primary sources cover all the requested information. In conclusion, we recommend the establishment of a Danish national system for early identification and assessment of emerging health technology, consisting of a small secretariat that collaborates nationally and internationally, the latter in particular on identification of technology and on development of methods for early assessment.
The Measurement of Indirect Costs in the Health Economics Evaluation Literature:A Review
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Fassbender Konrad 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we develop a framework to categorize the concepts used to estimate indirect costs in economic evaluation. We apply this framework in a literature review of economic evaluation studies. We searched all English language literature from 1994–1996. Following the application of a search algorithm, which yielded 25 articles, we abstracted information from these articles to determine the methods used to identify the relative contribution of indirect costs to the cost-effectiveness ratio, the time horizon selected by the authors, the identification of those activities that were foregone, the time given up by these activities, and the valuation placed on this time. These methods were then assessed. Indirect costs, as they have been measured, significantly influence efficiency ratios. A wide variation exists among studies in how they incorporate each of the components of indirect costs. All of the four components that were identified will affect the measurement of indirect cost. Future guidelines in this area should address the entire measurement process.
Cost-Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Prevention Programs in Spain
Authors: Plans-rubió Pedro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIndividual programs for prevention of cardiovascular disease include dietary and drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension treatment, and smoking cessation therapies. In this study, the cost-effectiveness of available cardiovascular prevention programs was assessed in Spain in terms of net cost per life-year gained (LYG). Cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from US $2,600 to $80,000 per LYG in men and from $4,500 to $230,000 per LYG in women. In men aged 40–59 years, the ranking of increasing cost-effectiveness was: smoking cessation ($2,608–3,738 per LYG); treatment of moderate and severe hypertension ($8,564–38,678 per LYG); treatment of mild hypertension ($11,906–59,840 per LYG); dietary treatment ($16,143–20,158 per LYG); and drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia ($33,850–81,010 per LYG). In women, the ranking list was: smoking cessation ($4,482–5,756 per LYG), treatment of moderate and severe hypertension ($9,585–57,983 per LYG), treatment of mild hypertension ($15,248–86,075 per LYG), dietary treatment ($57,175–62,154 per LYG); and drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia ($104,100–259,150 per LYG).
Technology Assessment of the Dutch Lung Transplantation Program
Authors: Van Enckevort Petra J. , Tenvergert Elisabeth M. , Bonsel Gouke J. , Geertsma Albert , Van Der Bij Wim , De Boer Wim J. , Koopmanschap Marc A. , Al Maiwenn J. , Ruttten Frans F.h. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe costs, effects, and cost-effectiveness of the Dutch Lung Transplantation program were assessed. The results show that lung transplantation is a very costly intervention that improves survival and quality of life. Costs per life-year and per QALY gained were, respectively, US $90,000 and US $71,000.
Blood Pressure, Growth Retardation, and Preterm Delivery
Authors: Goldenberg Robert L. , Cliver Suzanne P. , Cutter Gary R. , Davis Richard O. , Hoffman Howard J. , Wen Shi Wu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of various levels of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure at various times during pregnancy on the rates of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm delivery (PTD) were determined. Low systolic and diastolic pressures were associated with both IUGR and PTD, as were high pressures. Low pressures tended to be associated with spontaneous preterm deliveries, whereas high pressures were associated with more indicated preterm deliveries.
Smoking During Pregnancy:Possibilities of Prevention in Antenatal Care
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevention of smoking in pregnancy is a mission of utmost importance since the fetal outcome is improved when the mother quits smoking. Methods to prevent smoking have to consider maternal attitudes and characteristics and be based on pedagogical and behavioral principles. A well-motivated staff, a self-help manual accepted by most women, and special support to those who want it are minimal requirements.
Prevalence and Significance of Social and Psychological Risk Factors During Pregnancy
Authors: Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: March 2009

AbstractModerate psychosocial problems identified during early pregnancy in 78 women were found to predispose for various “complications” during gestation, but not for prematurity or obstetrical complications during delivery. However, from a normal postnatal status the children of these mothers demonstrated a significantly unfavorable somatic, as well as psychomotoric development, until the age of 4. Pregnant women with certain psychosocial problems must be early identified and property attended to in order to preclude an adverse child development.
Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Definitions and Associated Risks
Authors: Bakketeig Leiv S. , Magnus Per 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSamples and methods vary in constructing birthweight charts. Introduction of ultrasound dating affects the distribution of gestation, increases the proportion of preterm births, and reduces postterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. The need for standardized charts is emphasized. Preferably such charts ought to be sex- and parity-specific, also taking into account the mother's previous pregnancy outcome in terms of birthweight. The risks associated with being bom SGA involve various morbidity as well as short- and long-term survival.
Antenatal Screening and Risk Factors for Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Authors: Wennergren Margareta 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAntenatal risk factors in combination with symphysis-fundus distance can identify pregnancies with small infants, who can be divided in genetically small, malformed, and malnourished infants. Only the last category benefit from fetal surveillance. Maternal diseases, pregnancy complications (hypertension), and environmental factors (smoking) are connected to malnourished small infants.
Errata
Authors: Zinde-Walsh Victoria 
Published: March 2009

There are some errors in the paper by Victoria Zinde-Walsh, “Some Exact Formulae for Autoregressive Moving Average Processes,” Econometric Theory 4 (1988): 384–402. The following is a list of corrections.On page 393 the τ * τ matrices El,E2 should be replaced by their transposes ,, respectively, throughout. In (3.21) the expression (S3 – λλA3) should be replaced by (S3 – λλA3) in the definitions of both T1, and T3. In (3.8), (3.21), (5.1), and (5.2) the entry in the bottom right-hand corner should be pre- and post-multiplied by λ. In (3.6) the matrix is obtained as the negative of the matrix denoted in the previous section 3.1. In (3.19) the top bar was omitted in Ē2. The top bar was also omitted in Ē1 on the second to last line of p. 392. In (5.1) D′−1 rather than D−l should appear in all the matrix entries in the second column; D′−1 should premultiply the parentheses in the top left and bottom right corners instead of D−1 post-multiplying them. In (5.2) transposes were omitted on D in the second entries on the first and last lines; in the second line of the second column, the second time A2 appears it should be transposed.
The Bahadur-Kiefer Representation ofLpRegression Estimators
Authors: Arcones Miguel A. 
Published: March 2009

We consider the following linear regression model:whereare independent and identically distributed random variables, Yi, is real, Zihas values in Rm, Ui, is independent of Zi, and θ0is anm-dimensional parameter to be estimated. TheLpestimator of θ0is the value 6n such thatHere, we will give the exact Bahadur-Kiefer representation of θn, for each p ≥ 1. Explicitly, we will see that, under regularity conditions,whereandcis a positive constant, which depends onpand on the random variableX.
Methods for Constructing Top Order Invariant Polynomials
Authors: Chikuse Yasuko 
Published: March 2009

The invariant polynomials(Davis [8] and Chikuse [2] withr(r≥ 2) symmetric matrix arguments have been defined, extending the zonal polynomials, and applied in multivariate distribution theory. The usefulness of the polynomials has attracted the attention of econometricians, and some recent papers have applied the methods to distribution theory in econometrics (e.g., Hillier [14] and Phillips [22]).The ‘top order’ invariant polynomials, in which each of the partitions ofki1 = 1,…,r, andhas only one part, occur frequently in multivariate distribution theory (e.g., Hillier and Satchell [17] and Phillips [27]). In this paper we give three methods of constructing these polynomials, extending those of Ruben [28] for the top order zonal polynomials. The first two methods yield explicit formulae for the polynomials and then we give a recurrence procedure. It is shown that some of the expansions presented in Chikuse and Davis [4] are simplified for the top order invariant polynomials. A brief discussion is given on the ‘lowest order’ invariant polynomials.
Usage-based vs. rule-based learning: the acquisition of word order inwh-questions in English and Norwegian
Authors: WESTERGAARD MARIT 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses different approaches to language acquisition in relation to children's acquisition of word order inwh-questions in English and Norwegian. While generative models assert that children set major word order parameters and thus acquire a rule of subject–auxiliary inversion or generalized verb second (V2) at an early stage, some constructivist work argues that English-speaking children are simply reproducing frequentwh-word+auxiliary combinations in the input. The paper questions both approaches, re-evaluates some previous work, and provides some further data, concluding that the acquisition ofwh-questions must be the result of a rule-based process. Based on variation in adult grammars, a cue-based model to language acquisition is presented, according to which children are sensitive to minor cues in the input, called micro-cues. V2 is not considered to be one major parameter, but several smaller-scale cues, which are responsible for children's lack of syntactic (over-)generalization in the acquisition process.