bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of rock physics properties via full waveform inversion of vertical seismic profile data recorded by accelerometer and fibre-optic sensors
Authors: Hu Qi , Eaid Matthew V , Innanen Kristopher A , Keating Scott D , Cai Xiaohui 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Combining elastic full waveform inversion (FWI) with rock physics holds promise for expanding the application of FWI beyond seismic imaging to predicting and monitoring reservoir properties. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), a rapidly developing seismic acquisition technology, is being explored for its potential in supporting FWI applications. In this study, we implement a sequential inversion scheme that integrates elastic FWI and Bayesian rock physics inversion, using a vertical seismic profile (VSP) data set acquired with accelerometer and collocated DAS fibre at the Carbon Management Canada’s Newell County Facility. Our aim is to establish a baseline model of porosity and lithology parameters to support later monitoring of CO2 storage. Key strategies include an effective source approach for addressing near-surface complications, a modelling strategy to simulate DAS data comparable to field data, and a Gaussian mixture approach to capture the bimodality of rock properties. We conduct FWI tests on accelerometer, DAS, and combined accelerometer-DAS data. While our inversion results accurately reproduce either data set, the elastic models inverted from accelerometer data outperform the other two in matching well logs and identifying the target reservoir. We attribute this outcome to the limited complementarity of DAS data with accelerometer data in our experiment, along with the limitations imposed by single-component measurements on DAS. The porosity and lithology models predicted from accelerometer-derived elastic models are reasonably accurate at the well location and exhibit geologically meaningful spatial distribution.
Distribution of gas hydrate in fractured reservoirs: implications from anisotropic elastic and electrical numerical simulations
Authors: Liu Shengbiao , Han Tongcheng , Fu Li-Yun 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Fractured hydrate-bearing reservoirs are extensively discovered worldwide and show notable anisotropic geophysical properties. Hydrate distribution in fractures significantly affects the anisotropic properties, and hence plays an important role in the accurate assessment of hydrate resources. However, the knowledge about how the hydrate distribution impacts the anisotropic geophysical properties of fractured reservoirs, which is the premise for the identification and quantification of hydrate in fractured reservoirs, is still poorly understood. To obtain such knowledge, we forward study the effects of various hydrate distribution (including floating, bridging and evolving hydrate distribution) in aligned fractures on the anisotropic elastic, electrical and joint elastic–electrical properties of a digital core using validated numerical methods. We show that for all the hydrate distribution, the anisotropic velocities increase, while the conductivities decrease with increasing hydrate saturation, with the effects of the floating and bridging distribution being the least and greatest, respectively. We also show that the anisotropic velocities and conductivities for the floating and bridging distribution vary approximately linearly with hydrate saturation, leading to linear correlations between the elastic and electrical properties. Further investigation illustrates that the difference in the slopes of the linear joint correlations between the two distribution is significantly greater than that of the individual properties as a function of hydrate saturation. The results have revealed the distinct effects of hydrate distribution on the anisotropic elastic and electrical properties of fractured reservoirs, and have confirmed the superiority of the joint elastic–electrical properties for the distinguishment of hydrate distribution in fractures over individual physical properties.
RNA sequencing analysis reveals PgbHLH28 as the key regulator in response to methyl jasmonate-induced saponin accumulation in Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Zhang Wuhua , Zhang Jinzhu , Fan Yingdong , Dong Jie , Gao Peng , Jiang Wanzheng , Yang Tao , Che Daidi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC, known for its saponin content, can potentially prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases and COVID-19. Triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in plants is enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of MeJA-induced saponin biosynthesis remain unknown in P. grandiflorus. In the current study, exogenous application of 100 μmol/l MeJA was identified to be optimal for promoting saponin accumulation. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated the PgbHLH28 gene as a key regulatory factor responding to MeJA during saponin accumulation. Overexpression of PgbHLH28 in P. grandiflorus increased saponin content, while silencing of PgbHLH28 significantly inhibited saponin synthesis, suggesting that PgbHLH28 acts as a positive regulator of saponin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that PgbHLH28 directly bound to the promoters of PgHMGR2 and PgDXS2 to activate gene expression. PgHMGR2 and PgDXS2 transformation promoted saponin accumulation, while silencing of these genes inhibited saponin biosynthesis. This study determined that MeJA promoted saponin accumulation in P. grandiflorus by inducing PgbHLH28 gene expression and activating downstream genes (PgHMGR2 and PgDXS2) involved in saponin biosynthesis. In conclusion, a complex regulatory network governing saponin biosynthesis following MeJA treatment was elucidated, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing saponin content and biosynthesis efficacy in P. grandiflorus.
Transcriptomic analyses to summarize gene expression patterns that occur during leaf initiation of Chinese cabbage
Authors: Sun XiaoXue , Liu Zihan , Liu Rui , Bucher Johan , Zhao Jianjun , Visser Richard G F , Bonnema Guusje 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Chinese cabbage, rosette leaves expose their adaxial side to the light converting light energy into chemical energy, acting as a source for the growth of the leafy head. In the leafy head, the outer heading leaves expose their abaxial side to the light while the inner leaves are shielded from the light and have become a sink organ of the growing Chinese cabbage plant. Interestingly, variation in several ad/abaxial polarity genes is associated with the typical leafy head morphotype. The initiation of leaf primordia and the establishment of leaf ad/abaxial polarity are essential steps in the initiation of marginal meristem activity leading to leaf formation. Understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms of leaf primordia formation, polar differentiation, and leaf expansion is thus relevant to understand leafy head formation. As Brassica's are mesa-hexaploids, many genes have multiple paralogues, complicating analysis of the genetic regulation of leaf development. In this study, we used laser dissection of Chinese cabbage leaf primordia and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to compare gene expression profiles between both adaxial and abaxial sides and the SAM aiming to capture transcriptome changes underlying leaf primordia development. We highlight genes with roles in hormone pathways and transcription factors. We also assessed gene expression gradients along expanded leaf blades from the same plants to analyze regulatory links between SAM, leaf primordia and the expanding rosette leaf. The catalogue of differentially expressed genes provides insights in gene expression patterns involved in leaf development and form a starting point to unravel leafy head formation.
Ethylene-responsive VviERF003 modulates glycosylated monoterpenoid synthesis by upregulating VviGT14 in grapes
Authors: Wang Ya-Chen , Wei Yi , Li Xiang-Yi , Zhang Hui-Min , Meng Xiao , Duan Chang-Qing , Pan Qiu-Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Terpenoids are important contributors to the aroma of grapes and wines. Grapes contain terpenoids in both volatile free form and non-volatile glycosidic form, with the latter being more abundant. Glycosylated terpenoids are deemed as latent aromatic potentials for their essential role in adding to the flowery and fruity bouquet of wines. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying glycosylated terpenoid biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Our prior study identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor, VviERF003, through DNA pull-down screening using the promoter of terpenoid glycosyltransferase VviGT14 gene. This study demonstrated that both genes were co-expressed and synchronized with the accumulation of glycosylated monoterpenoids during grape maturation. VviERF003 can bind to the VviGT14 promoter and promote its activity according to yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays. VviERF003 upregulated VviGT14 expression in vivo, leading to increased production of glycosylated monoterpenoids based on the evidence from overexpression or RNA interference in leaves, berry skins, and calli of grapes, as well as tomato fruits. Additionally, VviERF003 and VviGT14 expressions and glycosylated monoterpenoid levels were induced by ethylene in grapes. The findings suggest that VviERF003 is ethylene-responsive and stimulates glycosylated monoterpenoid biosynthesis through upregulating VviGT14 expression.
A Machine Learning–Based Risk Score for Prediction of Infective Endocarditis Among Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia—The SABIER Score
Authors: Lai Christopher Koon-Chi , Leung Eman , He Yinan , Ching-Chun Cheung , Oliver Mui Oi Yat , Qinze Yu , Li Timothy Chun-Man , Lee Alfred Lok-Hang , Li Yu , Lui Grace Chung-Yan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Early risk assessment is needed to stratify Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (SA-IE) risk among patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) to guide clinical management. The objective of the current study was to develop a novel risk score that is independent of subjective clinical judgment and can be used early, at the time of blood culture positivity.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective big data analysis from territory-wide electronic data and included hospitalized patients with SAB between 2009 and 2019. We applied a random forest risk scoring model to select variables from an array of parameters, according to the statistical importance in predicting SA-IE outcome. The data were divided into derivation and validation cohorts. The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROCs) were determined.

Results
We identified 15 741 SAB patients, among them 658 (4.18%) had SA-IE. The AUCROC was 0.74 (95%CI 0.70–0.76), with a negative predictive value of 0.980 (95%CI 0.977–0.983). The four most discriminatory features were age, history of infective endocarditis, valvular heart disease, and community onset.

Conclusions
We developed a novel risk score with performance comparable with existing scores, which can be used at the time of SAB and prior to subjective clinical judgment.
Implications of absenteeism of health workers on achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria: exploring lived experiences in primary healthcare
Authors: Agwu Prince , Odii Aloysius , Orjiakor Charles , Ogbozor Pamela , Mbachu Chinyere , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Primary healthcare facilities are the bedrock for achieving universal health coverage (UHC) because of their closeness to the grassroots and provision of healthcare at low cost. Unfortunately, in Nigeria, the access and quality of health services in public primary healthcare centres (PHCs) are suboptimal, linked with persistent occurrence of absenteeism of health workers. We used a UHC framework developed by the World Health Organization-African Region to examine the link between absenteeism and the possible achievement of UHC in Nigeria. We undertook a qualitative study to elicit lived experiences of healthcare providers, service users, chairpersons of committees of the health facilities, and policymakers across six PHCs from six local government areas in Enugu, southeast Nigeria. One hundred and fifty participants sourced from the four groups were either interviewed or participated in group discussions. The World Health Organization-African Region UHC framework and phenomenological approach were used to frame data analysis. Absenteeism was very prevalent in the PHCs, where it constrained the possible contribution of PHCs to the achievement of UHC. The four indicators toward achievement of UHC, which are demand, access, quality, and resilience of health services, were all grossly affected by absenteeism. Absenteeism also weakened public trust in PHCs, resulting in an increase in patronage of both informal and private health providers, with negative effects on quality and cost of care. It is important that great attention is paid to both availability and productivity of human resources for health at the PHC level. These factors would help in reversing the dangers of absenteeism in primary healthcare and strengthening Nigeria’s aspirations of achieving UHC.
Humor and Foreign Policy Narration: The Persuasive Power and Limitations of Russia’s Foreign Policy Pranks
Authors: Chernobrov Dmitry 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article explores the persuasive power and limitations of humor in narrating foreign policy issues to publics. I focus on audience reception of humor produced by state and state-affiliated actors to advance foreign policy narratives, deflect external criticism, and ridicule opponents. This article examines Russia’s foreign policy pranks, widely assumed to be a tool of influence and persuasion, and their reception by their primary, domestic audience. Using focus groups to discuss pranks on the theme of mutual interference between Russia and the United States, this study relates participants’ reactions to wider foreign policy narratives and questions links between reception and political views. I argue that while humor drives the popularity of the pranks, their power to convince remains ambiguous. Their persuasive power is mostly limited to reinforcing existing views and already popular narratives, while both pro-government and oppositional publics expressed strong suspicions of their fake or propagandistic nature. Even when doubting the pranks’ politics, however, participants were entertained by their humor—suggesting that humorous narration of foreign policy presents means for increased outreach first and persuasion second. Any adverse reactions were mostly directed at the pranksters rather than government officials—highlighting how humor can be a politically expedient way of narrating contentious foreign policy issues to publics through proxies.
Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs
Authors: Jang Ki Beom , Kim Young Ihn , Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted using 120 pigs to test the hypothesis that supplementation of β-mannanase could reduce digesta viscosity, enhance nutrient digestion, and improve intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. In experiment 1, 48 crossbred barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments with increasing levels of β-mannanase at 0, 200, 400, and 600 U/kg in feeds. All pigs were euthanized on day 12 to collect jejunal digesta to measure digesta viscosity and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In experiment 2, 72 nursery pigs were randomly allotted to three treatments with increasing levels of β-mannanase at 0, 400, and 600 U/kg in feeds. Plasma collected on day 9 was used to measure tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin G (IgG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC). All pigs were euthanized on day 10 to collect duodenal and jejunal tissues to evaluate the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA, morphology, crypt cell proliferation, and expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure for polynomial contrasts and the NLMIXED procedure for broken-line analysis of SAS. In experiment 1, β-mannanase supplementation tended to have quadratic effects on digesta viscosity (P = 0.085) and AID of GE (P = 0.093) in the pigs. In experiment 2, jejunal digesta viscosity of the pigs was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) when β-mannanase was supplemented at 360 U/kg of feed. β-Mannanase supplementation linearly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) TNF-α, IgG, MDA, and PC in the duodenum, and TNF-α, IgG, and MDA in the jejunum of the pigs. β-Mannanase supplementation linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio and crypt cell proliferation in the jejunum. β-Mannanase supplementation tended to linearly improve (P = 0.083) expression of zonula occludens-1 in the jejunum. In conclusion, supplementation of β-mannanase at 360 U/kg reduced the digesta viscosity and up to 600 U/kg positively affected intestinal health and growth of pigs by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress whilst enhancing structure and barrier function in the jejunum.
A characterization of crossed self-similarity on crossed modules in L-algebras
Authors: Çetin Selim , Gürdal Utku 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We introduce crossed modules in cycloids, as a generalization of cycloids, which are algebraic logical structures arising in the context of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation. As a spacial case, we in particular focus on the crossed modules of $L-$algebras. These types of crossed modules are exceptional, since the category of $L-$algebras is not protomodular, nor Barr-exact, but it nevertheless has natural semidirect products that have not been described in category theoretic terms. We identify crossed ideals of crossed module in $L-$algebras, and obtain some characteristics of these objects that are normally not encountered on crossed modules of groups or algebras. As a consequence, we characterize crossed self-similarity completely in terms of properties of $L-$algebras and the boundary map forming the crossed module.
‘Where did you learn to write Arabic?’: A Critical Analysis of Some Ḥadīths on the Origins and Spread of the Arabic Script
Authors: Little Joshua J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
According to some ḥadīths, the art of writing Arabic in the pre-Islamic Hijaz was learned from the city of al-Ḥīra (the capital of the Lakhmid kingdom) in southern Iraq, whilst al-Ḥīra in turn learned writing from the city of al-Anbār in central Iraq. Based on a combined isnād-cum-matn analysis, form-critical analysis, and geographical analysis of these ḥadīths, the earliest iteration of this material can be dated back to the middle of the eighth century ce (i.e., the early second century ah) in Kufa, but no earlier. A further historical-critical analysis also exposes the broader cultural and ideological tendencies at play behind the creation and elaboration of this material, including salvation history, a ‘great man’ theory of history, and—above all—the creation and elaboration of an Iraq-focused Arabian folk history in eighth-century ce Iraq. This small set of reports thus exemplifies the rich potential of ḥadīth in general as both a tool and an object of historical analysis: by applying my combined approach to ḥadīth, we can trace the creation, transmission, and elaboration of the material; we can locate its geographical origins; and we can identify the broader context that ultimately produced it.
Comparing fear responses of two lizard species across habitats varying in human impact
Authors: Putman Breanna J , Rensel Michelle A , Schlinger Barney A , French Susannah , Blumstein Daniel T , Pauly Gregory B 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnimals that are successful in urban habitats often have reduced antipredator responses toward people (sometimes called “fear” responses). However, few studies test whether sympatric species differ in their responses to humans, which may explain differing sensitivities to urbanization. Here, we quantified the behavioral and physiological responses to humans in two lizard species, side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) and western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis), across three different habitat types that vary in human impact: natural habitats with low levels of human activity, natural habitats with high levels of human activity, and urban habitats. We found that side-blotched lizards had longer flight initiation distances, were found closer to a refuge, and were more likely to hide than fence lizards, behaviors that could indicate greater fearfulness. Both lizard species were found closer to a refuge and were also more likely to hide in the urban habitat than in the natural habitat with low human impact, which could represent adaptive behaviors for increased risks in urban areas (e.g. cats). Western fence lizards exhibited lower body sizes and conditions in the habitats with moderate and high levels of human activity, whereas these traits did not differ among habitats in side-blotched lizards. Baseline and stress-induced corticosterone concentrations did not differ across habitats for both species, suggesting that human-impacted habitats were not stressful or that lizards had undergone habituation-like processes in these habitats. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of standardized measurements across multiple species in the same habitats to understand differential responses to human-induced environmental change.