bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge Detection in Grayscale, Color, and Range Images
Authors: Park Jung Me , Murphey Yi Lu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEdges are commonly defined as significant local changes in an image. Edge provides an indication of the physical extent of objects in the image. Edge detection is viewed as an information reduction process that provides boundary information of regions by filtering out unnecessary information for the next steps of processes in a computer vision system. Thus, edge detection is one of the most essential steps for extracting structural features for human and machine perception. The success of high‐level computer vision processes heavily relies on the good output from the lower level processes such as edge detection. Many edge detection algorithms have been proposed in the last 50 years. This article presents the fundamental theories and the important edge detection techniques for grayscale, color, and range images.
Virtual Clothing
Authors: Volino Pascal , Luible Christiane , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe challenges of virtual garment simulation are numerous and have attracted research efforts for more than a decade. First dedicated to the realistic simulation of the mechanical behavior of cloth, virtual garment simulation soon evolved toward the simulation of virtual garments on synthetic characters. Although the computer graphics industry reaps the most obvious benefits from garment simulation on animated virtual characters, virtual prototyping of garment models is another major application field for the garment industry.
Volume Graphics and Volume Visualization
Authors: Chen Min 
Published: January 2008

AbstractVolume graphics is concerned with graphics scenes, where models are defined using volume representations instead of, or in addition to, traditional surface representations. It is a study of the input, storage, construction, manipulation, display, and animation of volume models in a true three‐dimensional form. Its primary aim is to create realistic and artistic computer‐generated imagery from graphics scenes comprising volume objects, and to facilitate the interaction with these objects in graphical virtual environments. Volume visualization is also concerned with volume data representations that are used to store measured physical attributes of real‐world objects or phenomena or to represent computer‐generated models and their attributes in volumetric forms. Its main aim is to extract important information from acquired volume data and to convey such information visually to reviewers. This article provides an introduction to these two interrelated fields and examines several fundamental aspects common to both fields.
Software Effort Prediction
Authors: Lim Hojung , Goel Amrit L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe development of effort models has been an area of considerable research in software engineering. Most early models were algorithmic and derived relationships empirically between effort and project characteristics, mostly using regression analysis. Recently, they have been complemented by machine learning and by neural net techniques. Various comparative studies have also been pursued to evaluate the predictive performance of different approaches. This article first highlights the main effort‐prediction techniques and comparative studies and then discusses the model development process and some relevant issues. An illustrative example is employed to develop support vector prediction models for data from several industrial projects.
Impaired cervical homeostasis upon selective ablation of RXRα in epithelial cells
Authors: Ocadiz‐Delgado R. , Castaneda‐Saucedo E. , Indra A.K. , Hernandez‐Pando R. , Gariglio P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRetinoids play critical regulatory roles in the maintenance of mammalian epithelia and exert pleiotropic effects through nuclear receptors. RXRα, which is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor, is the most abundant RXR isotype expressed in cervical epithelia, and may play a crucial role in cervix development and homeostasis. We have previously described a mouse model to induce the temporally controlled epithelia‐specific somatic mutagenesis of RXRα alleles in epidermis. To study the role of RXRα in cervical homeostasis, we ablated RXRα in cervix epithelial cells of adult mice. We found that such mutant mice develop ectocervical atrophy with moderate epidermoid metaplasia. In addition, we report a simultaneous increase of cell proliferation and apoptosis levels accompanied by alteration in the expression of genes involved in both processes. genesis 46:19–28, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A transport‐distance approach to scaling erosion rates: 2. sensitivity and evaluation of Mahleran
Authors: Wainwright John , Parsons Anthony J. , Müller Eva N. , Brazier Richard E. , Powell D. Mark , Fenti Bantigegne 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the first paper in this series, we demonstrated that most process‐based erosion models have a series of in‐built assumptions that led us to question their true process basis. An alternative soil‐erosion model (Mahleran – Model for Assessing Hillslope‐Landscape Erosion, Runoff And Nutrients) based upon particle‐travel distance has been presented in the first paper in this series and this paper presents the first of two evaluations of the model. Here, a sensitivity analysis shows that the numerical model is consistent with the analytical model of Parsons et al. (2004) and demonstrates that downslope patterns of sediment flux on hillslopes are a complex interaction of rainfall intensity, duration and pattern; hillslope gradient; surface roughness and sediment size. This result indicates that the spatial scaling of sediment transfers on hillslopes is a non‐trivial problem and will vary from point to point and from event to event and thus from year to year. The model is evaluated against field data from a rainfall‐simulation experiment on an 18 m × 35 m plot for which there are sub‐plot‐scale data on runoff hydraulics and sediment flux. The results show that the model is capable of reproducing the sedigraph with an overall normalized root‐mean‐square error of 18·4% and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0·90. Spatial and temporal patterns of particle‐size distributions of the eroded sediment are also reproduced very well, once erosion parameters have been optimized for the specific soil conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transport‐distance approach to scaling erosion rates: 1. Background and model development
Authors: Wainwright John , Parsons Anthony J. , Müller Eva N. , Brazier Richard E. , Powell D. Mark , Fenti Bantigegne 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe process basis of existing soil‐erosion models is shown to be ill‐founded. The existing literature builds directly or indirectly on Bennett's (1974) paper, which provided a blueprint for integrated catchment‐scale erosion modelling. Whereas Bennett recognized the inherent assumptions of the approach suggested, subsequent readings of the paper have led to a less critical approach. Most notably, the assumption that sediment movement could be approximated by a continuity equation that related to transport in suspension has produced a series of submodels that assume that all movement occurs in suspension. For commonly occurring conditions on hillslopes, this case is demonstrably untrue both on theoretical grounds and from empirical observations. Elsewhere in the catchment system, it is only partially true, and the extent to which the assumption is reasonable varies both spatially and temporally. A second ground‐breaking paper – that of Foster and Meyer (1972) – was responsible for subsequent uncritical application of a first‐order approximation to deposition based on steady‐state analysis and again a weak empirical basis. We describe in this paper an alternative model (Mahleran – Model for Assessing Hillslope‐Landscape Erosion, Runoff And Nutrients) based upon particle‐travel distance that overcomes existing limitations by incorporating parameterizations of the different detachment and transport mechanisms that occur in water erosion in hillslopes and small catchments. In the second paper in the series, we consider the sensitivity and general behaviour of Mahleran, and test it in relation to data from a large rainfall‐simulation experiment. The third paper of the sequence evaluates the model using data from plots of different sizes in monitored rainfall events. From this evaluation, we consider the scaling characteristics of the current form of Mahleran and suggest that integrated modelling, laboratory and field approaches are required in order to advance the state of the art in soil‐erosion modelling. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear signal processing schemes for OFDM modulations within conventional or LINC transmitter structures
Authors: Dinis Rui , Gusmão António 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper considers two classes of digital signal processing schemes, recently proposed by the authors, both combining a nonlinear operation in the time domain with a linear operation in the frequency domain, so as to reduce the envelope fluctuations and allow good power/bandwidth tradeoffs with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. These classes can be adopted within both conventional and two‐branch, LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) transmitter structures . The paper addresses the statistical characterisation of the transmitted frequency‐domain blocks, so as to evaluate performances by analytical means, in a unified manner. A set of numerical results, which have been obtained with the help of this analytical method, is presented and discussed. These results allow a comparison between the two classes of signal processing schemes, namely for nonlinear operations of the ‘clipping’ type, when a conventional transmitter structure is employed. They also allow an accurate evaluation of the phase and gain imbalance effects in the two‐branch power amplification case. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly, tuning, and transfer of action systems in infants and robots
Authors: Berthouze Luc , Goldfield Eugene C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper seeks to foster a discussion on whether experiments with robots can inform theory in infant motor development and specifically (1) how the interactions among the parts of a system, including the nervous and musculoskeletal systems and the forces acting on the body, induce organizational changes in the whole, and (2) how exploratory behaviour and selective informational signals at the timescale of skill learning may allow behaviour to become stabilized at the longer timescale of development. The paper describes how three generative principles, inspired from developmental biology and shown to underlie the dynamics of infants learning to bounce in a Jolly Jumper, were broken into a set of mechanisms suitable for controlling a robotic system and resulted in a similar developmental profile. A comparison of infant and robot data leads to a set of criteria for improving the usefulness of robotic studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The robot in the crib: a developmental analysis of imitation skills in infants and robots
Authors: Demiris Yiannis , Meltzoff Andrew 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInteresting systems, whether biological or artificial, develop. Starting from some initial conditions, they respond to environmental changes, and continuously improve their capabilities. Developmental psychologists have dedicated significant effort to studying the developmental progression of infant imitation skills, because imitation underlies the infant's ability to understand and learn from his or her social environment. In a converging intellectual endeavour, roboticists have been equipping robots with the ability to observe and imitate human actions because such abilities can lead to rapid teaching of robots to perform tasks. We provide here a comparative analysis between studies of infants imitating and learning from human demonstrators, and computational experiments aimed at equipping a robot with such abilities. We will compare the research across the following two dimensions: (a) initial conditions—what is innate in infants, and what functionality is initially given to robots, and (b) developmental mechanisms—how does the performance of infants improve over time, and what mechanisms are given to robots to achieve equivalent behaviour. Both developmental science and robotics are critically concerned with: (a) how their systems can and do go ‘beyond the stimulus’ given during the demonstration, and (b) how the internal models used in this process are acquired during the lifetime of the system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational models in the debate over language learnability
Authors: Kaplan Frederic , Oudeyer Pierre‐Yves , Bergen Benjamin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractComputational models have played a central role in the debate over language learnability. This article discusses how they have been used in different ‘stances’, from generative views to more recently introduced explanatory frameworks based on embodiment, cognitive development and cultural evolution. By digging into the details of certain specific models, we show how they organize, transform and rephrase defining questions about what makes language learning possible for children. Finally, we present a tentative synthesis to recast the debate using the notion of learning bias. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The positive group affect spiral: a dynamic model of the emergence of positive affective similarity in work groups
Authors: Walter Frank , Bruch Heike 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis conceptual paper seeks to clarify the process of the emergence of positive collective affect. Specifically, it develops a dynamic model of the emergence of positive affective similarity in work groups. It is suggested that positive group affective similarity and within‐group relationship quality are reciprocally interrelated in the form of a self‐reinforcing spiral, which is driven by mechanisms of affective sharing and affective similarity‐attraction between group members. We label this spiraling relationship ‘Positive Group Affect Spiral.’ This spiral is proposed to continuously strengthen both the similarity of group members' positive affect and the quality of their interpersonal relationships in a dynamic process. Further, we embed the Positive Group Affect Spiral into a framework of contextual factors that may diminish or strengthen its functioning, considering the potential impacts of charismatic leadership, individuals' or subgroups' organizational cynicism, group and organizational emotion norms, and organizational identity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mediating role of psychological capital in the supportive organizational climate—employee performance relationship
Authors: Luthans Fred , Norman Steven M. , Avolio Bruce J. , Avey James B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough the value of a supportive organizational climate has been recognized over the years, there is a need for better understanding of its relationship with employee outcomes. This study investigates whether the recently emerging core construct of positive psychological capital (consisting of hope, resilience, optimism, and efficacy) plays a role in mediating the effects of a supportive organizational climate with employee outcomes. Utilizing three diverse samples, results show that employees' psychological capital is positively related to their performance, satisfaction, and commitment and a supportive climate is related to employees' satisfaction and commitment. The study's major hypothesis that employees' psychological capital mediates the relationship between supportive climate and their performance was also supported. The implications of these findings conclude the article. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contours and consequences of compassion at work
Authors: Lilius Jacoba M. , Worline Monica C. , Maitlis Sally , Kanov Jason , Dutton Jane E. , Frost Peter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper describes two studies that explore core questions about compassion at work. Findings from a pilot survey indicate that compassion occurs with relative frequency among a wide variety of individuals, suggesting a relationship between experienced compassion, positive emotion, and affective commitment. A complementary narrative study reveals a wide range of compassion triggers and illuminates ways that work colleagues respond to suffering. The narrative analysis demonstrates that experienced compassion provides important sensemaking occasions where employees who receive, witness, or participate in the delivery of compassion reshape understandings of their co‐workers, themselves, and their organizations. Together these studies map the contours of compassion at work, provide evidence of its powerful consequences, and open a horizon of new research questions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for Wound‐induced Oxylipins in Arabidopsis thaliana by Differential HPLC‐APCI/MS Profiling of Crude Leaf Extracts and Subsequent Characterisation by Capillary‐scale NMR
Authors: Thiocone Aly , Farmer Edward E. , Wolfender Jean‐Luc 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA simple non‐targeted differential HPLC‐APCI/MS approach has been developed in order to survey metabolome modifications that occur in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana following wound‐induced stress. The wound‐induced accumulation of metabolites, particularly oxylipins, was evaluated by HPLC‐MS analysis of crude leaf extracts. A generic, rapid and reproducible pressure liquid extraction procedure was developed for the analysis of restricted leaf samples without the need for specific sample preparation. The presence of various oxylipins was determined by head‐to‐head comparison of the HPLC‐MS data, filtered with a component detection algorithm, and automatically compared with the aid of software searching for small differences in similar HPLC‐MS profiles. Repeatability was verified in several specimens belonging to different series. Wound‐inducible jasmonates were efficiently highlighted by this non‐targeted approach without the need for complex sample preparation as is the case for the ‘oxylipin signature’ procedure based on GC‐MS. Furthermore this HPLC‐MS screening technique allowed the isolation of induced compounds for further characterisation by capillary‐scale NMR (CapNMRTM) after HPLC scale‐up. In this paper, the screening method is described and applied to illustrate its potential for monitoring polar and non‐polar stress‐induced constituents as well as its use in combination with CapNMR for the structural assignment of wound‐induced compounds of interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of ethnic residential segregation in Göteborg, Sweden, 1995–2000
Authors: Bråmå Åsa 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMost explanatory frameworks within segregation research interpret patterns of ethnic residential segregation as the result of how members of different ethnic groups have moved (or not moved) within the city and to the city from the surrounding world. Yet, few attempts have been made to proceed beyond relatively static accounts based on descriptions and analysis of patterns of segregation, to address more directly the dynamics behind the patterns. In this article, a longitudinal, individual‐based data‐set is used in order to analyse the dynamics, in terms of migration and natural population change, that have reproduced and transformed patterns of segregation in Göteborg (Gothenburg), Sweden, between 1995 and 2000. The analysis deals with questions concerning changes in the degree of concentration and dispersal of different minority groups, and the role of the minority enclaves as ports of entry to the local housing market for different groups. The findings have relevance for wider theoretical issues related to the interpretation and explanation of ethnic residential segregation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of iron nitrides. An XRD, Mössbauer, RBS and XPS characterization
Authors: Prieto P. , Marco J. F. , Sanz J. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate the capability of a dual ion beam sputtering method to obtain iron nitride thin films, FeNx, in a wide composition range (0.1 < x < 0.5) and structures (α′, γ′, ε, ζ, γ″ and γ″′) by controlling the deposition conditions (i.e. deposition rate, flux and energy of the assisting nitrogen ions and substrate temperature). The average composition of the films has been determined by resonant RBS to enhance the nitrogen signal, whereas the structural characterization and the phase identification have been carried out by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. We present a thorough and complementary analysis of the XRD and Mössbauer data as a function of the composition of the film for all the iron nitride phases. Furthermore, it is shown that the iron Auger parameter (AP) increases up to 0.8 eV with respect to that for pure α‐Fe when the nitrogen concentration increases up to 46 at.% (i.e. γ″ and γ″′ phases) so that it might serve to analyze samples of unknown composition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of 178 Penetrating Stomach and Small Bowel Injuries
Authors: Salim Ali , Teixeira Pedro G. R. , Inaba Kenji , Brown Carlos , Browder Timothy , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs), such as wound infection, fascial dehiscence, and intraabdominal abscess, commonly occur following penetrating abdominal trauma. However, most of the literature involves penetrating colon injuries. There are few reports describing complications following penetrating stomach and small bowel injuries. Based on the hypothesis that SSIs are commonly found following penetrating stomach and small bowel trauma, a prospective observational study was performed at an academic Level I trauma center from March 1, 2004 until August 31, 2006. The subjects were patients who had sustained a penetrating injury to the stomach or small bowel. Patients were followed for the development of an SSI, defined as wound infection, fascial dehiscence, or intraabdominal abscess. A total of 178 patients were admitted with penetrating stomach or small bowel injuries over the 29‐month period. There were 121 (68%) gunshot injuries and 57 (32%) stab wounds. Associated intraabdominal injuries occurred in 74% of patients. Overall, SSIs occurred in 20% of cases. Risk factors for SSI included associated duodenal or colon injury, whereas time to operating room, blood loss, and type and duration of antibiotic use were not. When associated colon injuries were excluded, SSIs occurred in 16% of patients with gastric injuries and 13% of those with small bowel injuries. SSIs commonly follow penetrating stomach and small bowel trauma. Risk factors for SSI include associated duodenal or colon injury. Delay to operating room, blood loss, and type and length of antibiotic prophylaxis were not associated with an increased risk of SSI.