bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of land degradation risks in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Yu Ziyue , Deng Xiangzheng , Fu Ping , Grebby Stephen , Mangi Eugenio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman activity and climate change are degrading the environmentally fragile Loess Plateau in dry and semiarid regions. Land deterioration threatens human and ecological existence. To prevent additional land degradation and ensure the ecological development and quality of arable land in the region, China launched “Grain for Green” in the late 1990s. This effort greatly boosted Loess Plateau vegetation. However, land degradation is complex, and so we must also examine natural and social variables to prevent additional degradation. Thus, this study presents a comprehensive index system to quantify land degradation on the Loess Plateau and uses machine learning to anticipate high‐risk locations. The project improved land degradation, and the spatial distribution of degradation risk is high in the northern and low in the eastern and southern regions of the Plateau. Gross Domestic Product and population density are the main drivers of land degradation. Industrialization and urbanization have raised the risk of land degradation, which now accounts for 1%–2% of the area. This study emphasizes sustainable land management in the Loess Plateau, a critical area for sustainable development in China. The integrated assessment indicator system and random forest modeling machine learning help grasp the current status and future preventive measures. The outcome of this study advances the Loess Plateau land degradation research and sustainable land management. The research findings possess significant scientific reference value in terms of mitigating and managing land degradation in environmentally vulnerable regions worldwide.
Toward an operational tool to integrate land degradation neutrality into land use planning: LUP4LDN
Authors: Zucca Claudio , Le Quang Bao , Karampiperis Pythagoras , Lemann Tatenda , Thomas Richard , Thiombiano Boundia A. , Hermassi Taoufik , Bonaiuti Enrico , Zervas Panagiotis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLand use planning (LUP) to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) needs methods and tools that support the identification of best LUP solutions in terms of transitions from current degradative land use (LU) and land management (LM) practices to better LU and LM options. A crucial need is the identification of context specific sustainable land management (SLM) options. Addressing this need must aim at not only reversing/recovering past degradation (e.g., via restoration or rehabilitation in land degradation hotspots), but also avoiding “new” degradation possibly caused by unsuitable LU and LM. This requires SLM planning based on anticipated impact assessment of the LU‐LM transition scenarios set to achieve LDN, which can be achieved through a participatory planning process that integrates interests/needs and knowledge of stakeholders with science‐based supportive tools to identify rational, plausible, and socially relevant options. The geoinformatics Land Use Planning for LDN (LUP4LDN) conceptual procedure and tool have been designed for this purpose. Their aim is to support national and subnational planners by (i) mapping geographic patterns of past land degradation (LD) utilizing the LDN indicators adopted by the UNCCD (SDG 15.3.1 indicator) for user‐defined regions of interest (RoI); (ii) helping users anticipate future LD by identifying land that is unsustainably managed and that will likely become degraded during the planning period; (iii) partitioning the LD areas into spatial domains of socio‐ecological contextual similarity (i.e., contextual similarity units) to which the LU‐LM transitional options will be fitted; and (iv) providing an interactive procedure for participatory LU‐LM transitional scenario development over selected contextual similarity units and timeframes. LUP4LDN uses the Global Database of the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT), ICARDA's Geoinformatics Options by Context (GeOC) tool, and ELD (Economics of Land Degradation) indicators to identify context‐relevant SLM that are available in the RoI, suggests candidate SLM options, and visualizes related expected levels of impacts on ecosystem services via maps and graphs. The generated maps inform users about trade‐offs upon which users can discuss or negotiate transitional pathways. LUP4LDN has been codeveloped with national stakeholders in Tunisia and Burkina Faso. The piloting implementation in the two countries assessed how LUP4LDN fits with existing LUP processes and the benefits achieved by using the tool to support LUP for LDN.
Digital Gait Measures Capture 1‐Year Progression in Early‐Stage Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Authors: Seemann Jens , Daghsen Lina , Cazier Matthieu , Lamy Jean‐Charles , Welter Marie‐Laure , Giese Martin A. , Synofzik Matthis , Durr Alexandra , Ilg Winfried , Coarelli Giulia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith disease‐modifying drugs in reach for cerebellar ataxias, fine‐grained digital health measures are highly warranted to complement clinical and patient‐reported outcome measures in upcoming treatment trials and treatment monitoring. These measures need to demonstrate sensitivity to capture change, in particular in the early stages of the disease.ObjectiveOur aim is to unravel gait measures sensitive to longitudinal change in the—particularly trial‐relevant—early stage of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2).MethodsWe performed a multicenter longitudinal study with combined cross‐sectional and 1‐year interval longitudinal analysis in early‐stage SCA2 participants (n = 23, including nine pre‐ataxic expansion carriers; median, ATXN2 CAG repeat expansion 38 ± 2; median, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia [SARA] score 4.8 ± 4.3). Gait was assessed using three wearable motion sensors during a 2‐minute walk, with analyses focused on gait measures of spatio‐temporal variability that have shown sensitivity to ataxia severity (eg, lateral step deviation).ResultsWe found significant changes for gait measures between baseline and 1‐year follow‐up with large effect sizes (lateral step deviation P = 0.0001, effect size rprb = 0.78), whereas the SARA score showed no change (P = 0.67). Sample size estimation indicates a required cohort size of n = 43 to detect a 50% reduction in natural progression. Test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change analysis confirm the accuracy of detecting 50% of the identified 1‐year change.ConclusionsGait measures assessed by wearable sensors can capture natural progression in early‐stage SCA2 within just 1 year—in contrast to a clinical ataxia outcome. Lateral step deviation represents a promising outcome measure for upcoming multicenter interventional trials, particularly in the early stages of cerebellar ataxia. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Hexagonal ring‐inspired antenna for UWB and V2X applications
Authors: Garg Rahul K. , Choudhury Suvadeep , Tomar Raghuvir S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a small‐sized, planar antenna fabrication for ultra‐wideband (UWB) and vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) applications. The design is inspired by a hexagonal ring, providing an UWB bandwidth of 16.61 GHz (from 3.33 to 19.94 GHz) and a fractional bandwidth of 142.75%. A suitably placed inverted‐U slot in the feed line helps in achieving the WLAN notch band (from 5.04 to 6.01 GHz). The overall design footprint is 0.17 × 0.23 λ02 in size, provides stable radiation characteristics, and a gain of 4 dBi in the pass‐band with stable time‐domain performance. The proposed antenna also covers both 3.5 GHz (LTE‐42 Band) and 5.9 GHz (DSRC Band), therefore being suitable for modern UWB frontends and V2X communication.
Tool‐tip vibration prediction based on a novel convolutional enhanced transformer
Authors: Shehzad Adeel , Rui Xiaoting , Ding Yuanyuan , Chang Yu , Zhang Jianshu , Lu Hanjing , Chen Yiheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSuperior surface finish remains a fundamental criterion in precision machining operations, and tool‐tip vibration is an important factor that significantly influences the quality of the machined surface. Physics‐based models heavily rely on assumptions for model simplification when applied to complex high‐end systems. However, these assumptions may come at the cost of compromising the model's accuracy. In contrast, data‐driven techniques have emerged as an attractive alternative for tasks such as prediction and complex system analysis. To exploit the advantages of data‐driven models, this study introduces a novel convolutional enhanced transformer model for tool‐tip vibration prediction, referred to as CeT‐TV. The effectiveness of this model is demonstrated through its successful application in ultra‐precision fly‐cutting (UPFC) operations. Two distinct variants of the model, namely, guided and nonguided CeT‐TV, were developed and rigorously tested on a data set custom‐tailored for UPFC applications. The results reveal that the guided CeT‐TV model exhibits outstanding performance, characterized by the lowest mean absolute error and root mean square error values. Additionally, the model demonstrates excellent agreement between the predicted values and the actual measurements, thus underlining its efficiency and potential for predicting the tool‐tip vibration in the context of UPFC.
Einer von Hundert
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClemens Magerkurth ist Vermittler zwischen Vorschriften und dem realen Leben: Er arbeitet in Kiel als Chemiker für Arbeitsschutz und Chemikaliensicherheit im Bundesamt für Infrastruktur, Umweltschutz und Dienstleistungen der Bundeswehr.
Analytik: Vorhersagen mit Stahl und Speichel
Authors: Luxbacher Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWerden die Varianten der Strömungspotenzialmessung kombiniert, lässt sich charakterisieren, wie das Speichelenzym Lysozym an der Oberfläche einer CoCr‐Legierung adsorbiert. Dies dient als Modellsystem, um zu untersuchen, ob ein menschlicher Körper ein Zahnimplantat annehmen wird.
3D printed honeycomb bilayer structures based on polylactic acid as lightweight microwave absorbing materials
Authors: Schmitz Debora P. , Santana Leonardo , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract3D printed honeycomb structures constituted by neat polylactic acid (PLA) and conductive PLA (PLAc) with different cell sizes and thicknesses were manufactured through 3D printing technology based on material extrusion (MEX). These structures were arranged into bi‐layer honeycomb structures (BHS) for evaluation of the microwave absorbing properties at the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) and Ku‐band (12.4–18 GHz) frequency ranges. The effects of cell size, sample thickness, layer thickness ratio and the nature of the top layer on the electromagnetic attenuation performance of BHS samples were investigated in terms of reflection loss (RL). The components geometric characteristics and the arrangement of the layers exerted great influence on the RL values and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). Overall the bilayer structures with 5 mm total thickness presented the best EM response in terms of EAB and minimum RL, where the component with the larger cell size (7.7 mm), PLAc (1 mm) as the top layer and PLA (4 mm) as the bottom layer exhibited the best results with RL values of −41 dB and EAB of 9.5 GHz. The BHS system with 7.7 mm cell size was more efficient in Ku band frequency range, whereas that with 3.5 mm cell size gave better response in the X‐band frequency range. Therefore, RL values and EAB can be adjustable by modifying the building strategy of the printed parts, such as thickness of the sample, cell size and thickness distribution of the conductive and non‐conductive layers. The findings in this work show the importance of the building strategy to fabricate components with controllable BHS and improved properties for microwave absorption application.
A study on tribological performances of PEEK and PTFE based composites with MoS2 reinforcements
Authors: Guru Soumya Ranjan , Panda Sandip , Kumar Prabhat , Sarangi Mihir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the tribological and mechanical properties of poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based composites with molybdenum di‐sulphide (MoS2) reinforcements. Polymeric composite materials have gained popularity in various tribology applications due to low weight, reduced wear and friction characteristics, and improved commercial aspects. MoS2 exhibits superior strengthening characteristics and improved tribological functionality depending on its concentration. Mechanical properties were assessed using micro‐scratch testing, whereas tribological characteristics were investigated using pin‐on‐disc arrangement in dry conditions. Counter face discs were made up of 316 L Steel with four different roughness characteristics obtained from common machining operations: polished, turned, milled, and grit‐blasted. Friction and wear results were analyzed under three loading conditions and four roughness characteristics. MoS2‐reinforced composites exhibited a scratch hardness that is roughly double that of PEEK and around ten times higher than that of PTFE. Simultaneously, adding 3 wt.% of MoS2 in PEEK and PTFE composite reduces both volumetric wear and friction significantly compared to other combinations of materials. This study can, therefore, be practically important to produce direction in order to make a composite such as PEEK‐PTFE‐MoS2 (1–3 wt%) to achieve tailored tribological performances based on system operational features such as load, speed, temperature, and roughness characteristics.Highlights
PEEK and PTFE based composites reinforced with molybdenum disulphide (MoS2).
Pin‐on‐disc and scratch tests are considered for experimental analysis.
3 wt.% of MoS2 base‐composite turned out to be the best performer.
Investigation progresses with a variation of sliding speed and surface roughness.
Polymeric composites in extrusion‐based additive manufacturing: a systematic review
Authors: Rodrigues Alina de Souza Leão , Pires Ana Caroline Batista , Barbosa Patrícia Alves , Silveira Zilda de Castro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolid composites used in material extrusion additive manufacturing have experienced considerable expansion over the past 5 years, incorporating functional properties into 3D‐printed objects. This paper presents a systematic review that aims to: (I) analyze the current state of development in the field; (II) quantify and categorize the adopted polymeric matrices, reinforcing materials, feedstock shapes, characterization strategies, and extrusion mechanisms; and (III) identify the applications, limitations, and trends for future research. The PRISMA statement was followed and the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were consulted. Among the 116 included studies, the use of customized filaments surpassed the commercially available ones, with particulate matter being the most common form of filler when melt‐mixed with the polymer. Polyamide is the most widely adopted matrix (30.3%), followed by PLA (22.0%) and ABS (17.4%). In terms of reinforcements, carbon fiber (32.4%), glass fiber (12.5%), and ceramics (12.5%) compose the podium as the most frequently used, with nanofillers receiving increasing attention. In the conducted analysis, no standardized protocols were identified that clearly encompassed the entire process from feedstock formulation to technical prototype fabrication. At last, recycling, exploration of biodegradable materials, and 4D printing were identified as the main opportunities for future research.Highlights
Reinforced polymers enable the enhancement of properties for 3D‐printed parts.
Composite feedstock is usually formulated and mixed before printing.
3D printers with filament‐ or screw‐based extrusion mechanisms have been used.
Mechanical and morphological analyses are common in material characterization.
No identified applications were employed in real‐world scenarios.
Adverse drug reaction signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system: A systematic review
Authors: Jiao Xue‐Feng , Pu Libin , Lan Shan , Li Hailong , Zeng Linan , Wang Huiqing , Zhang Lingli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundA series of signal detection methods have been developed to detect adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals in spontaneous reporting system. However, different signal detection methods yield quite different signal detection results, and we do not know which method has the best detection performance. How to choose the most suitable signal detection method is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, we systematically reviewed the characteristics and application scopes of current signal detection methods, with the goal of providing references for the optimization selection of signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system.MethodsWe searched six databases from inception to January 2023. The search strategy targeted literatures regarding signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system. We used thematic analysis approach to summarize the advantages, disadvantages, and application scope of each signal detection method.ResultsA total of 93 literatures were included, including 27 reviews and 66 methodological studies. Moreover, 31 signal detection methods were identified in these literatures. Each signal detection method has its inherent advantages and disadvantages, resulting in different application scopes of these methods.ConclusionOur systematic review finds that there are variabilities in the advantages, disadvantages, and application scopes of different signal detection methods. This finding indicates that the most suitable signal detection method varies across different drug safety scenarios. Moreover, when selecting signal detection method in a particular drug safety scenario, the following factors need to be considered: purpose of research, database size, drug characteristics, adverse event characteristics, and characteristics of the relations between drugs and adverse events.
How glaucoma patients balance between the advantages and disadvantages of acceptance to the recommended treatment regimen in real‐life: Perspectives from a middle‐income country
Authors: Motta Guilherme Samomiya , da Costa Andrade Julia , Kasahara Niro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposePatients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) are required to take long‐term treatments with topical medications to halt disease progression. This cross‐sectional survey aimed to describe the level of acceptance of Brazilian patients toward the long‐term treatment with eyedrops and to find possible correlates of high acceptance.MethodsPOAG patients were recruited from the Glaucoma Service—Santa Casa of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Clinical and demographic data were retrieved from participants' electronic records. All patients answered the ACCEPT© questionnaire. This is a generic patient‐reported outcome questionnaire specifically developed to assess patients' acceptance of long‐term medications and not adherence. Summed scores and those for each domain were calculated to range from 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating greater acceptance.ResultsThe sample comprised 96 patients with POAG. The mean age was 63.2 ± 8.9 years; 48 were male and 48 female; 55 (57.3%) were white, 36 (37.5%) African‐Brazilian, and 5 (5.2%) were of mixed color; most patients (97.9%) had less than high school degree and all had a family income <USD10,000. The mean summed ACCEPT score was 66.2 ± 5.0. Scores for specific domains were higher for your medication (82.5 ± 35.9), side effects of your medication (86.9 ± 37.4), and effectiveness of your medication (73.3 ± 8.3). There was no association between higher scores and any sociodemographic variables.ConclusionsIn this cohort of Brazilian patients with glaucoma, acceptance of treatment was high. Patients seems to have noticed more benefits than risks to the recommended treatment regimen.
Xanthan gum‐enhanced polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel toward flexible sensor
Authors: Wang Yajun , Gao Yiyan , Shi Kai , Gao Guanghui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIonic conductive hydrogels attracted much attention for applying as wearable sensors, but most hydrogel sensors were not strong enough to withstand repeated sensing because of their low mechanical strength. Here, xanthan gum and sodium chloride were introduced into the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel system for constructing hydrogels with high mechanical strength due to the hydrogen bonds formed between polyvinyl alcohol and gum xanthan as well as the chain entanglement of polyvinyl alcohol. Meanwhile, the hydrogel was highly sensitive to mechanical deformation because of the existence of free ions provided by sodium chloride. As a result, the hydrogel could serve as sensors for perceiving various body motions, with the advantages of fast response, reproducibility and durability for repeated stretching or compression. The strategy of xanthan gum‐enhanced hydrogel fuels an exciting new direction for hydrogel‐based wearable sensors.
Probabilistic modeling of double linear damage accumulation and its application in fatigue reliability analysis
Authors: Peng Zhaochun , Shi Liangma , Hu Jian , Jiang Qiangqiang , Wu Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a probabilistic double linear damage accumulation model is proposed to characterize the uncertainty of damage accumulation using the statistics of material fatigue life. The probabilistic modeling framework is performed under normal distribution assumption of fatigue life. By applying a one‐to‐one probability density function transformation method, the probability distribution of critical damage and cumulative damage can be extracted and derived. The proposed probabilistic damage accumulation model is then used for fatigue reliability analysis by building the reliability formulas with respect to the cumulative damage and the critical damage under both constant and variable amplitude loadings. It treats the mean and variance of cumulative damage as time‐dependent values that dynamically vary with increase in usage life. The reliability can be easily calculated by limited data necessary from fatigue life samples. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated using the experimental data of two metallic materials under constant amplitude and two‐block loadings. The results show that the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations under constant amplitude loading and L‐H loading sequence. In addition, the proposed method provides better predictive ability than the Miner rule under constant amplitude loading and H‐L loading sequence. Moreover, the predicted reliability plots can typically present a two‐stage fatigue characteristic during crack initiation and crack propagation periods.