bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adenosine Triphosphatase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Gainor C. , Phillips P. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCell‐free extracts from the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens contained an enzyme(s) capable of cleaving nucleoside triphosphates, showing highest specific activity toward adenosine triphosphate. Differences are indicated between the adenosine triphosphate phospbohydrolase described hero and other microbial adenosine triphosphatases previously reported. The adenosine trit)hosphatasc activity was stimulated by Mg2+ and Mn2+ and inhibited by other divalent cations. Enzymatic activity was inhibited 100% by mercuric chloride, 38% by p‐chloromercuribenzoate, 22% by potassium fluoride, 12% by sodium azide, and 10% by iodoacetic acid, all at a final concentration of 10−2 M. The enzyme (s) had an optimal PH range of 7.8 to 8.0, and an optimal temperature for hydrolysis at 40deg;C.
On the Relationship Between Soil Moisture and Osmotic Potential in Maize and Sugar Beet Plants
Authors: Padurariu Alexandra , Horovitz C. T. , Paltineanu Rodica , Negomireanu V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInvestigations on the relationship between soil moisture and maize and sugar beet plant osmotic potential were carried out during three years under field trial conditions. It was established that between soil moisture and osmotic potential there is an inverse ratio dependence, expressed in significant correlation coefficients (r =−0.84** for maize and r =−0.88** for sugar beet on an average). The correlation appears more striking in the lower third of the active moisture range, where slight variations in soil moisture determine important changes in osmotic potential. The possibility of using the osmotic potential as an index in estimating plant water requirement is asserted and the limit values indicating a good water supply in maize and sugar beet plants are established according to growth stages.
Mediated and Residual Methionine Transport by Brewer's Yeast
Authors: Balogh Esther , Böszörményi Z. , Cseh Edith 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe characteristics of methionine uptake by brewer's yeast (S. carlsbergentis “Schwehat No. 2”) and the regulation of the process have been studied. The methionine uptake by brewer's yeast grown on wort is a complex process Composed of a mediated transport process saturating at low concentration and permeation that is in linear dependence on the concentration. The mediated transport process is under regulated control and can be repressed by (a) certain amino acids added to wort media or applied to phosphate buffer in shorter pre‐treatment, (b) ammonium ions added to a synthetic nutrient solution or, in shorter pre‐treatment, by ammonium ions applied to a synthetic nutrient solution containing glutamic acid.
The Utilization of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Reserves in the Spring Growth of Lilac
Authors: Meyer Martin M. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe spring flush of growth and the utilization of reserve materials in this growth was studied in lilac plants 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after bud break. The influence of nitrogen applied the previous season on the storage and utilization of carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves was determined. The plants were separated into buds, stems and roots and analyzed for changes in total available carbohydrates, sugars, hemi‐celluloses, total nitrogen, basic and non‐basic amino acids and organic acids.The bulk of the carbohydrate reserves occurred as soluble sugars in the roots, although the reserves of sugars and hemicellulose in the stem was important during the first two weeks after bud break.The bulk of the nitrogen reserves were stored as non‐basic amino acids in the stems and roots. However, the roots of plants grown under high nitrogen levels contained twice us much total nitrogen as roots grown under low nitrogen. This additional nitrogen which was stored in the roots of high nitrogen plants was released as arginine.The dry weight of buds increased 3–10 fold during the initial two week period and during the next four weeks doubled again. This bud growth was correlated with the stored nitrogen reserves. The high nitrogen plants grew twice as much and utilized more of the reserve carbohydrates in spring growth than low nitrogen plants. Carbohydrates were synthesized in this new growth and the high nitrogen plants utilized this carbohydrate for additional growth while low nitrogen plants transported it to the stems and roots.
The Effect of Ethanol on the Growth of Dipodascus aggregatus
Authors: Nyman Brita 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEthanol (68.2 mM) did not appreciably affect the growth of Dipodascus aggregatus with glucose (55.5 mM] as carbon source. Growth with fructose was inhibited whereas growth with galactose was stimulated by ethanol in this concentration. The fungus could grow with ethanol as the sole carbon source. D. aggregatus did not grown with maltose as the sole carbon source. Growth with maltose + ethanol started much earlier than growth with ethanol alone. The maltose concentration of the medium did not measurably decrease during growth with maltose‐n ethanol. D. aggregatus did not grow with sucrose as the sole carbon source
Root Formation by Detached White Mustard (Sinapis alba) Cotyledons
Authors: Moore Keith G. , Lovell Peter H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRooting is shown to occur in excised cotyledons of Sinapis alba when grown in petri dishes on moist filter paper. Cotyledons were excised at intervals from 6 hours after the start of imbibition, when they were yellow, unexpanded and enclosed within the testa, to 27 days after sowing when the cotyledons were green and fully expanded and on plants possessing up to 3 foliage leaves. Rooting generally began 5 or 6 days after excision and was completed dining the following 5 days. The age of cotyledons at t ho time of excision had three effects on rooting: the lag period be‐fore rooting began and the period during which rooting took place both increased with age: but the most marked effect was on the total number of cotyledons which were able to form roots, which increased until cotyledon expansion was almost complete, then decreased as the mature cotyledons became older. Optimal rooting was shown by cotyledons detached 8 days alter sowing, when they were half expanded. At this age S5 % of them formed roots between 6 days and 8 days after excision.
Physiological Studies with Heavy Water
Authors: Bhattacharya (née Bose) S. , Bhandarkar M. K. , Gaur B. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe absorption of H2O and D2O was studied in seeds with different reserve food materials represented by barley and rice (starch), linseed and mustard (fat) and mung, and kidney beans (protein). Respiration rate and respiratory quotient during absorption were also measured. The results indicate that the water absorption profiles of the starchy and fatty seeds are essentially similar but differ from that of The proteinaceous type. Initial hydration is relatively incomplete in D2O in all The seeds to varying degrees the latter being maximum in The proteinaceous and minimum in The starchy seeds. The respiration rate is lower in D2O while The R.Q. values are higher for The first hour but lower later on. The results, in part, help explain The varying effects of D2O on The germination of different types of seeds. These studies also support The earlier reported preference (Cope et al. 1965) by the higher plant systems for protium.
The Effect of Growth Regulatory Chemicals on Abscission and IAA–Oxidizing Enzyme System of Dwarf Bean Seedlings
Authors: Jain M. L. , Kadkade P. G. , Huysse Patrick Van 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of certain carcinogenic agents, a growth retardant, and kinetin on abscission, IAA, IAA–oxidase and peroxidase on dwarf bean seedlings were studied. The results indicate significant changes in the levels of IAA, IAA–oxidase and peroxidase brought about by the treatment with the carcinogens, growth retardant, and kinetin.
Action Spectra for Transformation and Fluorescence of Protochlorophyll Holochrome from Bean Leaves
Authors: Björn L. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe action spectrum from 232 to 687 nm was determined for the transformation of protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide a in solutions of protochlorophyll holochrome Fran bean leaves. The whole ultraviolet region is effective. The peaks at 445 and 639 nm have a height ratio of 4.0. Only radiation absorbed in the protochlorophyllide itself is effective in transformation (absorption in aromatic amino acids of the protein and in carotenoids is ineffective).The activation spectra for fluorescence at 643 and 683 nm are measured for the holochrome before and after transformation, as well as the change in absorption spectrum that takes place upon transformation. By combining the various measurements the spectrum of inactive (non‐transformable) protochlorophyllide (peak at 440 nm) and the holochromatic chlorophyllide a are derived. In the latter spectrum the peaks at 419 and 435 nm are of about the same height.
Effects of Age on Sodium Fluxes in Primary Bean Leaves
Authors: Jacoby B. , Dagan J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of age on sodium fluxes in primary‐leaf sections from control and decapitated bean plants were determined. It was assumed that at high external salt concentrations the measurements represent mainly fluxes through the tonoplast, and that in brief efflux experiment subsequent to free‐space exchange efflux from the cytoplasma is essentially measured. Net‐ and influxes to the vacuoles increase during the period of leaf expansion and net chlorophyll synthesis. Both fluxes and amount of chlorophyll decrease rapidly in senescing leaves. The exchangeability of previously absorbed sodium also increased in senescing leaves. Decapitation delayed senescence and very much reduced the decreases in net flux and influx, and the exchangeability of sodium. The results are discussed in relation to solutes redistribution in the plant.
Interactions between Plants and Epiphytic Bacteria Regarding Their Auxin Metabolism
Authors: Libbert Eike , Risch Hannelore 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing hydrocultured pea plants, 109 bacterial strains (42 from shoots) were isolated from shoots, roots, and from the hydroculture medium. 58 different strains (26 from shoots) were able to produce IAA from tryptophan, 15 different strains (7 from shoots) were able lo destroy IAA. (Included are 13 strains possessing both properties.) As far as they could be identified, the IAA‐producing and ‐destroying strains belong to Pseudomonas (by far dominating), Achromobacter, Alcaligenses, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. The IAA‐destroying activity strongly depends on the physiological state of the bacteria and the milieu conditions. Bacterial IAA production (but not IAA‐degradation) is supposed to be important for the plant.
Zoospore Chemotaxis in the Watermold Allomyces
Authors: Machlis Leonard 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe chemotactic response of the mitospores and meiospores of Allomyces macrogynus and A. abuscula to casein hydrolysate was shown to he caused by the combined action of leucine and lysine in the hydrolysate. The testing was done by counting the zoospores that attached to a membrane through which substances diffused downward. The action of leucine and lysine was shown to be synergistic and to be specific for the L, forms. The optimum concentration above the membrane was 5 × 10‐2M for each amino acid. An effect was detectable down to approximately 10‐55 M. The addition of L‐proline to the mixture increased the response. Proline in combination with leucine caused good attachment, although less than that by leucine and lysine, of the zoospores of A. arbuscula but not of those of A. macrogynus.
Photoenhancement by Blue Light of Organogenesis in Tobacco Pith Cultures
Authors: Weis J. S. , Jaffe M. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAgar‐grown cultures of tobacco pith tissue (Wisconsin 38) were incubated in the dark or in the light for 36 days. With 1 μM indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in the medium, considerable differentiation, including organogenesis occurred in the light, but not in the dark. Such photoenhancement of differentiation did not occur when 2.4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was substituted for IAA. Blue light of greater than 12 days duration was responsible for the photoenhancement effect.
Relation between Anion Transport and Water Flow in Tomato Plants
Authors: Greenway H. , Klepper Betty 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLowering the water potential of culture solutions from −0.4 to −5.4 atm reduced both phosphorus and bromide transport to the shoot, hut the content in the roots was not affected. Reductions in phosphorus transport to the shoot were measured during the first four hours of treatment and were related to concurrent decreases in water flow and not to an impairment of active phosphorus transport. The effect of low water potential on phosphorus transport to shoots was similar at external phosphorus concentrations between 0.6 and 15 mg/l.Phosphorus transport was greater in the dark at −0.4 atm than in the light at −5.4 atm even when these treatments gave the same overall rates of water flow; this is attributed to a different pattern of water flow through the various root zones. The results suggest that the main effect of water flow on anion transport to shoots occurred after the ions had been actively adsorbed by the roots and was not due to mass flow increasing ion delivery to sites of active uptake.
Microbiology of Saturated Salt Solutions and Other Harsh Environments
Authors: Siegel S. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe study of chemical stress tolerance in a Penicillium mutant was continued using KCl‐ and H3BO3‐saturated glucose peptone broth as a basic growth medium. Growth was completely restricted to the mutant. Variations were the presence or absence of inosine‐5′‐phosphate (inosinic acid, IMP) and choice of carhohydrate which was substituted for glucose. All six monosaccharides used‐three hexoses, three pentoses – were essentially equivalent hence data are presented only for D‐glucose and D‐xylose. The other carbohydrates, sucrose, lactose, maltose and starch differed in their suitability as carbon sources. In the presence of the nionosaccharides the mutant can grow both in KCl and H3BO3 media, but growth rates are greatly enhanced by IMP. Boric acid blocked sporulation under all conditions. KCl permitted spores of abnormal color to form without IMP, whereas spores of normal green color appeared in its presence. Media containing H3BO3 and disaccharides or starch supported no growth, but addition of IMP stimulated growth without sporulation. In KCl media sucrose alone among the disaccharides and starch permit limited growth without IMP, but the nucleotide is required for sporogenesis. These results show that the role of nucleotides, especially IMP, is not limited to recovery from exposure to extreme salt effects, but also applies to growth in the continuing presence of quite different chemical stress conditions.
Effets de l'acide gibbérellique et de la kinétine sur le développement de l'activitéα‐amylasique durant la croissance de l'Orge
Authors: Verbeek Rita , Van Onckelen Henri , Gaspar Thomas 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Effects of gibberellic acid and kinetic on α‐amylase production during the germination of barley. ‐ The action of gibberellic acid and kinetin, alone or combined at different concentrations, has been studied on α‐amylase production in whole barley seedlings and in embryoless endosperms in course of the six first days of development in the dark. The classic activation of α‐amylase synthesis by gibberellic acid has been confirmed both in whole seeds and in embryoless endosperms. Kinetin inhibits α‐amylase synthesis after the third day of germination but has no effect on isolated endosperms. When gibberellic acid and kinetin are given simultaneously gibberellic acid stimulated during the three first days just as it does alone, kinetin inhibits after the third day also as it was alone so that the two regulators act, without interactions, at different stages in the time. These effects of kinetin are be independent. A critical examination of the techniques used in the literature in the stud of amylase is made.
Variations de quelques aclivités enzymatiques (peroxydase, catalase, AIA‐oxydase) et de la teneur en polyphénols au cours de la germination de I'Orge. Influence de la kinétine
Authors: Gaspar Thomas , Verbeek Rita , Van Onckelen Henki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Peroxidase catalase, IAA‐oxidase and polyphenol content of growing barley coleoptile. Effect of kinetin. ‐ Kinetin strongly inhibits root and coleoptile growth of germinating barley in the dark. Treated coleoptiles become senescent before the untreated ones. Soluble proteins content, peroxidase, catalase and IAA‐oxidase activity were greatly increased in treated coleoptiles while the level of polyphenols was reduced. These biochemical effects joined with the other property of kinetin to diminish α‐amylase synthesis in the endosperm are discussed in relation to growth and in connection with the classic view of a cytokinin retarded senescence.
Further Studies on Regulation of Betacyanin efflux from Beetroot Tissue Ca‐Ion‐Reversible Effects of Hydrochloric Acid and Ammonia Water
Authors: Siegel S. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Ca‐ion‐reversible effects of aqucous NH3 and HCL on betacyanin leakage from beetroot sections were studied as simple models for complex polycations such as polylysines.— From kinetic evidence, the competitive character of Ca‐ion antagonism in all these cases, and general chemical arguments, it is suggested that ammonia, hydrogen chloride and polylysine all act as osurees of [H H2O]+ which can compete with Ca‐ion for electronegative sites on the membrane. The Ca‐reversibility of alcohol‐induced leakage is then explained as a lowering of diclectric constant at the membrane resulting in reduced charge at electronegative sites with concomitant loss of ion binding capacity. Biological illustration of the antagonism between Ca‐ion and ammonia, and of H‐ion dependent NaCl sensitivity are presented.
The Growth of Acer pseudoplatanus Cells in a Synthetic Liquid Medium: Response to the Carbohydrate, Nitrogenous and Growth Hormone Constituents
Authors: Simpkins I. , Collin H. A. , Street H. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA synthetic culture medium which supports a high level of growth of a scrially propagated cell suspension culture of Acer pseudoplatanus is described. The sucrose of this medium can be effectively replaced by glucose or fructose or a mixture of glucose and fructose or galactose or maltose or soluble starch. When the carbohydrate is glucose or fructose no other sugars appear in the culture medium in significant amounts. Glucose is absorbed in greater quantity than fructose from an equimolar mixture of these sugars. When sucrose is supplied both glucose and fructose appear in the medium. Glucose appears in maltose medium, and maltose and glucose in soluble starch medium. Under the standard conditions of culture, media containing 2 % sucrose or 2 % glucose become depleted of sugar before the 25th day of incubation. Enhanced yield of the cultures can be obtained by raising the initial sucrose concentration to 6 %. – A supply of nitrate is essential for maximum yield and healthy growth. Growth, in the presence of nitrate, is significantly enhanced by a supply of urea. Addition of casein hydrolysate or of a mixture of amino acids enhances growth in the presence of nitrate and urea and particularly when nitrate is omitted. – When kinetin is omitted or incorporated at the standard level (0.25 mg/I), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) at 1.0 mg/l is essential for continuation of growth at a high level. It cannot be replaced by indol‐3yl‐acetic acid (IAA). 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 10 mg/l permits of a low level of growth with abnormal aggregation. When the level of kinetin is raised to 10 mg/l a high level of growth occurs in the absence of added auxin but the cultures become brown and tend to show increasing aggregation on subculture.
Effects of Stratification, Gibberellic acid and Germination Temperature on the Germination of Betula nana
Authors: Junttila Olavi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExperiments were carried out with three seed lots of Betula nana collected in 1967 from different localities in Norway. Seeds were stratified for 0‐20 days in dark at +2‐+3 °C on filter papers moistened with distilled water, or treated with solution of GA3 for 24 h at room temperature, and then moved into special germination boxes that were placed in different temperature conditions.All the seed lots had conditional dormancy. Quantitatively, the dormancy was different in the different seed lots (pronenances), but there were no qualitative difference in the reaction to stratification gibberellic acid and to germination temperature. Differences between seed lots may have been due to different stage of seed development.The dormancy was deepest at low temperatures(12 and 15°C) decreasing gradually with increasing temperature (to 24 °C). The dormancy was effectively broken by a short stratification (from 5 to 15 days), and by treatment with gibberellic acid. The deeper the dormancy and the lower the germination temperature the longer the stratification that was needed for maximum germination. Similarly, the concentration of GA3 needed for maximum germination increased with decreasing temperature and with increasing dormancy.
Photomophogenesis in the Blue‐green Alga Nostoc commune 584
Authors: Robinson Beatrice L. , Miller John H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe blue‐green alga Nostoc commune 584 displays a photocontrolled developmental cycle similar to that described for N. muscorum A by Lazaroff and Vishniac (1961). In both species white fluorescent light acts at the same stage, ragulating the development of motile trichomes from sheathed aseriate colonies. However white light blocks this step in N. commune 584, whereas the formation of motile trichomes is promoted by white light in N. muscorum A. Light‐grown (aseriate) cultures in N. commune 584 were used to determine the action spectra for photomorphogenesis. Green light (max 520 nm) inhbited aseriate colony breakage, and red light (max 640 nm) promoted colony breakage and the differentiation of motile trichomes. On a quantum basis green light was about 3 times more effective than red light. The morphogenetic effects of either red or green light were reversible by irradiation with the other color of light. Repeated photoreversibility was observed, and the algal culutres responded only to the color of the last irradiation in a sequence. An unidentified substance is excreted into the media of motile cultures of both N. commune 584 and N. muscorum A which promotes motility in non‐motile cultures. The motility‐promoting substances from both species are reciprocally active. Activity is lost when the media are autoclaved.
Conversion of Indolylglycerol Phosphate into Tryptophan by Extracts of Pisum
Authors: Schiewer U. , Erdmann N. , Libbert E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDialyzed extracts from sterile and nonsterile pea seedlings perform the synthesis of tryptophan from indole‐3‐glycerol‐1‐phosphate (IGP) and L‐serine. Compared with the analogous indole methabolism, there are similar dependences with regard to pH and to serine and pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate requirements, but the IGP conversion rate only amounts to one third of that measured for indole. Indole‐3‐glycerol is not metabolized by both tissues and homogenates.