bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High density lipoproteins from bovine plasma and follicular fluid do not possess a high affinity for glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Brantmeier S. A. , Grummer R. R. , Ax R. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPossible interactions between glycosaminoglycans and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma and follicular fluid were examined. Total lipoproteins (d<1.21 g/ml) were obtained from plasma of five Holstein cows by ultracentrifugation and fractionated by gel filtration. Every other fraction from the HDL peak or fractions corresponding to the base and ascending portion of the HDL peak were composited and applied to a heparin‐Sepharose affinity chromatography column. Elution profiles from both composites showed a peak that did not bind to the column that contained HDL devoid of apolipoprotein‐E as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and silver staining and immunoblot analysis. Elution of lipoproteins from the ascending portion of the HDL peak resulted in a second minor peak eluting at 0.35 M NaCl, which was low density lipoprotein (LDL) contamination. Lipoproteins (d<1.21g/ml) isolated from follicular fluid obtained from small, medium or large follicles also were subjected to heparin‐Sepharose affinity chromatography. Two peaks were observed, one corresponding to the lipoprotein that did not bind to the column, the other eluted at 0.5M NaCl and accounted for less than 2% of the protein applied. The second peak did not contain apolipoprotein‐E or LDL. Bovine follicular fluid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were isolated and subjected to HDL‐Sepharose affinity chromatography. Less than 2% of the total GAG bound to the HDL column. Therefore, HDL in bovine specimens did not interact appreciably with heparin or GAG isolated from follicular fluid.
Effects of relative humidity on lipid autoxidation in a model system
Authors: Kahl J. L. , Artz W. E. , Schanus E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new model system was developed for the study of autoxidation of thin films of neat lipid and the effect of relative humidity on the oxidation reaction. In the model system, the surface‐to‐volume ratio of lipid was large and measureable, and the relative humidity (RH) and oxygen partial pressure were controlled. Methyl linoleate, oxidized at six different RH as a thin film in an atmosphere of pure oxygen, exhibited a maximum rate of oxidation at 32% RH and minimum rates at 0% and 100% RH. The rates of oxygen uptake, determined manometrically, were linear and reproducible at all six RH. The maximum rate at 32% RH was attributed to solvation and stabilization of the propagation transition state by water. Increasing the RH beyond 32% resulted in solvation of the peroxy radical, sterically hindering the radical from entering the propagation transition state.
Preparation of methylcis‐9,cis‐12,cis‐15‐octadecatrienoate‐15,16‐d2 and methylcis‐9,cis‐12,cis‐15‐octadecatrienoate‐6,6,7,7‐d4
Authors: Rakoff Henry 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethylcis‐9,cis‐12,cis‐15‐octadecatrienoate‐15,16‐d2 was obtained from Wittig coupling of methyl 12‐oxo‐cis‐9‐dodecenoate,18, and 3,4‐dideutero‐cis‐3‐hexenyltriphenylphosphonium bromide,16. Compound18 was obtained by periodic acid oxidation of methyl 12,13‐dihydroxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoate,17, obtained fromVernonia oil. Compound18 also was synthesized from methyl oleate as the starting material. The deuterated fragment,16, was prepared from 3‐hexynol and using Lindlar's catalyst and deuterium gas to introduce the deuterium atoms.Methylcis‐9,cis‐12,cis‐15‐octadecatrienoate‐6,6,7,7‐d4 was prepared by Wittig coupling of 3,6‐nonadienyltriphenylphosphonium iodide,5, with methyl 9‐oxononanoate‐6,6,7,7‐d4,11. Deuterium atoms were introduced during the synthesis of11 from 3‐butynol and 5‐bromopentanoic acid with deuterium gas in the presence of [Ph3P]3‐RhCl. For the preparation of5, the 3,6‐nonadiynol intermediate was reduced to 3,6‐nonadienol with P‐2 Nickel and hydrogen.The final products were separated from isomers formed during the synthetic sequences by silver resin chromatography.
Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on myelin proteins
Authors: Miller Sheldon L. , Klurfeld David M. , Loftus Bernadette , Kritchevsky David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on rat‐brain myelin proteins was studied. Rats were maintained on a lipid‐free diet and compared with control rats fed the same diet supplemented with 3% corn oil. At 17 days of age, each pup was injected with [3H]leucine and rats from each group were killed over a period of 163 days. Although a large decrease occurred in the total amount of myelin protein per brain, the proportions of constituent myelin proteins remained relatively unchanged. Metabolic studies showed a decrease in the net turnover of myelin proteins analogous to that previously demonstrated for myelin phospholipid (PL).
Increased formation and degradation of malondialdehyde‐modified proteins under conditions of peroxidative stress
Authors: Mahmoodi Haleh , Hadley Mary , Chang Yuan‐Xun , Draper Harold H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of increasedin vivo lipid peroxidation on excretion of the main urinary metabolites of malondialdehyde (MDA) was investigated. Peroxidative stress in the form of vitamin E deficiency or the administration of iron nitrilotriacetate or carbon tetrachloride was imposed on rats fed an MDA‐free diet. Significant increases were observed in excretion of the lysine‐MDA adduct ε‐propenal lysine, itsN‐acetyl ester, and free MDA. Under the conditions imposed, the increments in excretion of the lysine adducts reflect increased peroxidative modification of tissue proteinsin vivo. These adducts also were found to be the main forms of MDA excreted in human urine. Reacting14C‐bovine serum albumin (BSA) with MDA resulted in its accelerated proteolysisin vitro by soluble enzyme preparations derived from human erythrocytes and rat liver mitochondria. the increments observed were similar to those reported for the hydrolysis of BSA following its exposure to hydroxyl radicals. The results show that lipid peroxidationin vivo results in peroxidative damage to tissue proteins and indicate that such proteins are subject to an accelerated rate of proteolysis.
Rapid separation of the major phospholipid classes on a single aminopropyl cartridge
Authors: Pietsch Angelika , Lorenz Reinhard L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA rapid method for the separation of the individual phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) by a single solid‐phase extraction was developed. PC, PE, PS and PI were sequentially eluted from aminopropyl bonded silica with acetonitrile/n‐propanol (2∶1, vol/vol), methanol, isopropanol/methanolic HCl (4∶1, vol/vol) and methanol/methanolic HCl (9∶1, vol/vol). Standard recoveries were over 95% for PC and PE and over 85% for PS and PI with undistorted fatty acid composition. The separation of complex lipid mixtures on aminopropyl minicolumns can be refined to the level of individual phospholipid classes.
Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry as an analytical tool for the identification of fatty acids
Authors: Couderc F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStructures of fatty acids present at very low quantities in mycobacteria are difficult to determine. A commonly used strategy is to introduce heteroatoms into functional groups by chemical means before subjecting them to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) analysis. Routinely used methods give very low abundance diagnostic ions leading to ambiguities in structural conclusions. GC/MS/MS associated with electron capture ionization of pentafluorobenzyl esters was used to study very complex mixtures of fatty acids fromMycobacterium fallax andM. aurum. The charge‐remote fragmentation of fatty acid carboxylate anions was used for structure determination at the nanogram level of a large number of unsaturated, branched, and cyclopropane‐containing fatty acids. Some of them have not been observed previously in these Mycobacteria. On the basis of these studies, biosynthetic pathways of unsaturated, branched, and cyclopropane‐containing fatty acid are proposed.
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blubber of ringed seals (Phoca hispidasp.) from Lake Saimaa, Lake Ladoga, the Baltic Sea, and Spitsbergen
Authors: Käkelä Reijo , Ackman Robert G. , Hyvärinen Heikki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBlubbers of four ringed seal subspecies from Lake Saimaa, Lake Ladoga, the Baltic Sea, and Spitsbergen were analyzed for very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFA; >C22) using gas‐liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The VLCPUFA of the blubber oils were mainly n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids—23∶5n−3, 24∶3n−3, 24∶4n−3, 24∶5n−3, 24∶6n−3, 26∶5n−3, 26∶6n−3, and 28∶7n−3. The largest VLCPUFA components in all populations were 24∶5n−3 (0.1–0.2 wt% of total fatty acids) and 24∶6n−3 (0.1%), but 24∶4n−3 (0.1%) was also prominent in the Baltic specimens. The blubber oils of the freshwater species contained considerably more 24∶4n−6 and 24∶5n−6 than the blubbers of the marine species. The differences among the VLCPUFA in these subspecies appear to be mainly due to different dietary VLCPUFA.
Side‐chain oxysterol regulation of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase activity
Authors: Parish Edward J. , Parish Sarawanee C. , Li Shengrong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSide‐chain oxysterols are known to be potent inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA reductase, a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of sterols. Structural variations in the side‐chain oxysterols influence enzyme inhibition. Under certain conditions, biological systems have been induced to produce side‐chain oxysterols, adding support to the hypothesis that oxysterols may be natural regulators of sterol biosynthesis in the intact cell. Specific inhibition of sterol biosynthesis is of interest as it may prove useful in the prevention or reversal of various cardiovascular disease states, as well as in the control of normal and abnormal cell growth.
Measurement of the metabolic interconversion of deuterium‐labeled fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Rohwedder William K. , Duval Sandra M. , Wolf Darhal J. , Emken Edward A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn analytical method that was developed to analyze deuterium‐labeled fatty acids in human blood has been extended to identify labeled fatty acids from C14 to C24 chain length which are formed by metabolic processes such as desaturation, elongation, or shortening of the labeled fatty acids fed. A new computer and a hard‐wave adder have been utilized to assure reliable data acquisition. Relative standard derivations for the analysis of labeled fatty acids were measured at 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 at the 5%, 1%, and 0.2% levels of the labeled fatty acid methyl esters, respectively. The method makes extensive use of standards and computer processing for accuracy and high productivity. Data from a chylomicron triacylglycerol fraction are included to demonstrate the sensitivity of detection of metabolites formed by desaturation and elongation.
Highly dependable concurrent programming using design for verification
Authors: Betin-Can Aysu , Bultan Tevfik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere has been significant progress in automated verification techniques based on model checking. However, scalable software model checking remains a challenging problem. We believe that this problem can be addressed using a design for verification approach based on design patterns that facilitate scalable automated verification. In this paper, we present a design for verification approach for highly dependable concurrent programming using a design pattern for concurrency controllers. A concurrency controller class consists of a set of guarded commands defining a synchronization policy, and a stateful interface describing the correct usage of the synchronization policy. We present an assume-guarantee style modular verification strategy which separates the verification of the controller behavior from the verification of the conformance to its interface. This allows us to execute the interface and behavior verification tasks separately using specialized verification techniques. We present a case study demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented approach.
Apoptosis affects integration frequency: Adult stem cells injected in blastocysts show high caspase‐3 activity
Authors: Koestenbauer S. , Vanderzwalmen P. , Hammer A. , Schoonjans L. , Danloy S. , Zech H. , Dohr G. , Zech N.H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChimeric organisms are commonly generated by injecting stem cells into blastocysts. Embryonic stem cells injected into the blastocoel cavity participate in the further development of the embryo. Adult stem cells have also been used in injection experiments to study their potential plasticity.In this study we focused on the early fate of injected human adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs were followed immunohistochemically 1–19 h after injection into murine blastocysts. We found that they only rarely attached and integrated into the blastocysts. The high rate of loss of injected cells after prolonged in vitro culture of the chimeras can be explained by apoptosis. Our findings are consistent with previous studies reporting a low rate of integration of adult cells injected to produce chimeric embryos, but this is the first demonstration that the low efficiency of adult stem cell injections into blastocysts is influenced by apoptosis.
Cytogenetic analysis of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells passaged in vitro
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Xing , Guan Li‐Xue , Zhang Kun , Wang Shouxian , Cao Pei‐Cheng , Wang Yong‐He , Wang Zhe , Dai Long‐Jun 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study concerns the cytogenetic stability of in vitro human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in primary culture and after passaging. Bone marrow samples were collected from seven brain malfunction patients involved in autologous MSC transplantation trials. Chromosome preparations from primary MSC cultures and after 3 passages were analyzed by conventional staining and G‐banding techniques. All MSCs showed normal diploid karyotypes, 46 XY or 46 XX, without aneuploidy or polyploidy; chromosome structural abnormalities were not detected. The results indicate that the in vitro cultured MSCs retained normal cytogenetics before being transplanted back into the patients.
Impaired response inhibition in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Penadés R. , Catalán R. , Rubia K. , Andrés S. , Salamero M. , Gastó C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates different three inhibitory control functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Selective motor response inhibition was tested in a GO/NO-GO paradigm, the inhibition of a triggered motor response in a STOP paradigm and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference in a motor STROOP paradigm.Methods27 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for OCD and 25 age, handedness and IQ-matched healthy control subjects were tested in the GO/NO-GO, STOP and motor STROOP tasks.ResultsOCD patients performed significantly worse than controls in the selective inhibition of their motor responses (GO/NO-GO) and in the inhibition of cognitive interference (STROOP), and also showed worse performance in suppressing previously triggered motor responses (STOP).ConclusionPatients with OCD are impaired in motor and cognitive inhibitory mechanisms. The findings are consistent with psychobiological and neuropsychological models of OCD suggesting impairment of frontostriatal circuitries that mediate functions of inhibitory control.
Gender differences in facial emotion recognition in persons with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Weiss Elisabeth M. , Kohler Christian G. , Brensinger Colleen M. , Bilker Warren B. , Loughead James , Delazer Margarete , Nolan Karen A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate possible sex differences in the recognition of facial expressions of emotion and to investigate the pattern of classification errors in schizophrenic males and females. Such an approach provides an opportunity to inspect the degree to which males and females differ in perceiving and interpreting the different emotions displayed to them and to analyze which emotions are most susceptible to recognition errors.MethodsFifty six chronically hospitalized schizophrenic patients (38 men and 18 women) completed the Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER40), a computerized emotion discrimination test presenting 40 color photographs of evoked happy, sad, anger, fear expressions and neutral expressions balanced for poser gender and ethnicity.ResultsWe found a significant sex difference in the patterns of error rates in the Penn Emotion Recognition Test. Neutral faces were more commonly mistaken as angry in schizophrenic men, whereas schizophrenic women misinterpreted neutral faces more frequently as sad. Moreover, female faces were better recognized overall, but fear was better recognized in same gender photographs, whereas anger was better recognized in different gender photographs.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study lend support to the notion that sex differences in aggressive behavior could be related to a cognitive style characterized by hostile attributions to neutral faces in schizophrenic men.
Effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of ziprasidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: Results of a multi-centre observational trial
Authors: Kudla Duerten , Lambert Martin , Domin Sabine , Kasper Siegfried , Naber Dieter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurposeThe ZEISIG study (Ziprasidone Experience in Schizophrenia in Germany/Austria) investigated the effectiveness of ziprasidone as measured by discontinuation rates and mean changes of the BPRS total. Secondary objectives included quality of life, subjective well-being, tolerability, and safety.Subjects and methodsTwo hundred and seventy-six subjects with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were treated within an open-label, 12-week, prospective, flexible-dose observational trial of ziprasidone (40–160 mg/day). Baseline and outcome assessments mainly included Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), Short-Form 12 (SF-12), and Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment (SWN-K).ResultsStudy discontinuation due to any cause was evident in 58% of subjects, most of them within the first 4 weeks after study initiation. In study completers, ziprasidone was associated with improvements in BPRS total (44.8 to 33.6; p < 0.001), CGI, SF-12, and SWN-K total scores (80.5 to 89.5). Ziprasidone was related to reduction of weight, fasting glucose, and serum lipids. No cardiovascular adverse event or significant increase of the QTc interval was observed.Discussion and conclusionApproximately 60% of subjects discontinued ziprasidone prematurely, probably related to an initial and overall underdose. The present study confirmed previous tolerability and safety data of ziprasidone as well as results of its effectiveness. Independent from reason to switch, previous antipsychotic class, and severity of illness at baseline, the recommended starting dose of 80 mg/day as well as the maximum treatment dose of 160 mg/day may not be sufficient for a selected subgroup of patients.
The role of personality disorder in ‘difficult to reach’ patients with depression: Findings from the ODIN study
Authors: Kelly Brendan D. , Casey Patricia , Dunn Graham , Ayuso-Mateos Jose Luis , Dowrick Christopher 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIndividuals with personality disorders (especially paranoid personality disorder) tend to be reluctant to engage in treatment. This paper aimed to elucidate the role of personality disorder in predicting engagement with psychological treatment for depression. The Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) involves six urban and three rural study sites throughout Europe at which cases of depression were identified through a two-stage community survey. One patient in seven who was offered psychological treatment for depression had a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder (most commonly paranoid personality disorder). Forty-five percent of patients who were offered psychological treatment for depression did not complete treatment. The odds of completion were higher for patients with a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder, especially paranoid, anxious or dependent personality disorder. The relatively low number of cases with some specific personality disorders (e.g. schizoid personality disorder) limited the study's power to reach conclusions about these specific disorders. This study focused on a community-based sample which may lead to apparently lower rates of engagement when compared to studies based on treatment-seeking populations. Episodes of depression in the context of personality disorder may represent a valuable opportunity to engage with patients who might otherwise resist engagement.
Reduction of C‐reactive protein with surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Friedman Michael , Bliznikas Darius , Vidyasagar Ramakrishnan , Woodson B. Tucker , Joseph Ninos J. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVESTo determine whether surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has an impact on C‐reactive protein (CRP) level.STUDY DESIGNProspective study of 34 consecutive subjects undergoing surgical treatment for OSAHS. CRP levels were evaluated preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. The most commonly performed procedure was uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) combined with radiofrequency tongue base reduction.RESULTSSeven patients were treated for mild OSAHS and 23 were treated for moderated/severe OSAHS; 18 of 23 patients with moderate/severe disease had relative elevation of preoperative CRP levels. Mean CRP level decreased from 0.33 mg/dL preoperatively to 0.16 mg/dL postoperatively (P = 0.003). Even patients who did not achieve complete “cure” by classical polysomnography (PSG) criteria may benefit from lowered CRP levels. All patients, however did achieve reduction in apnea hypopnea index and improvement in clinical symptoms.CONCLUSIONSLevels of CRP were elevated preoperatively but decreased after surgical treatment. Therefore, OSAHS surgical treatment may be useful in reduction of CRP levels in patients who will not or cannot accept nasal‐CPAP therapy.
Obstructive sleep apnea in patients undergoing supracricoid horizontal or frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy
Authors: Israel Yusef , Cervantes Onivaldo , Abrahão Marcio , Ceccon Fábio Puppo , Filho Marcilio Ferreira Marques , Nascimento Luiz Augusto , Zonato Adriane I. , Tufik Sergio 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVETo assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients undergoing supracricoid horizontal partial laryngectomy (SCPL) or frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) for the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma and correlate it with age, body mass index, physical examination, and upper airway evaluation.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA prospective study was carried out involving 22 patients between 50 and 80 years of age divided into 2 equal groups. The patients underwent SCPL and VPL, and were evaluated by anamnesis, otolaryngologic examinations, nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, and polysomnography.RESULTSA significant direct correlation was observed between the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and age of the patients. An inversely proportional relation was found between glottic opening and AHI. The presence of OSA was 81% in SCPL and 91% in VPL.CONCLUSIONWe observed a high incidence of OSA in patients undergoing SCPL and VPL.