bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of thiopentone and propofol on lower oesophageal sphincter and barrier pressure in the dog
Authors: Waterman A. E. , Hashim M. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of thiopentone and propofol on oesophageal pressures were examined in 39 bitches. The dogs were premedicated with either atropine (n = 13), acepromazine maleate (n = 13) or a combination of atropine and acepromazine. Anaesthesia was induced with either thiopentone (15 dogs) or propofol (24 dogs), both given intravenously. Immediately following the induction of anaesthesia, gastric pressure and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) were measured and oesophageal barrier pressure determined. There were no significant differences attributable to the premedication regimens used but both LOSP and barrier pressure were significantly lower in the dogs anaesthetised with propofol compared to the animals given thiopentone (LOSP 12‐2 ± 4‐2 cm H2O propofol group versus 26‐8 ± 6‐5 cm H2O thiopentone group).
Lymphoma (malignant lymphoma, lymphosarcoma) in the dog
Authors: Rallis T. , Koutinas A. , Lekkas S. , Papadiamantis C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis report describes seven cases of canine lymphoma involving three German shepherd dogs, two boxers and two mongrels with a male to female ratio of 1–3 to 1. Their mean age and body weight was four years (range 1–5 to 8) and 31 kg (range 21 to 40), respectively. Six of the animals were euthanased at their owner's request and one died. Excessive lymph node enlargement, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, blood lymphocytosis and proteinuria were the most striking clinical and clinicopathological findings. All the cases except one presented systemic signs and three developed secondary leukaemia because of bone marrow involvement. The anatomical types were classified according to the World Health Organization's criteria as thymic (one dog) and generalised (six dogs) and the clinical stage as IV (four dogs) and V (three dogs). Extranodal lymphomas involving the kidneys, meninges and the alimentary tract were seen in two cases. Histologically, the lymphomas were classified as lymphoblastic in four dogs, and in the remaining animals as lymphoblastic with plasmacytoid differentiation, lymphocytic with plasmacytoid differentiation, and poorly differentiated (stem cell) with one type appearing in each dog.
Cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a dog
Authors: Brearley M. J. , Jeffery N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOsteomyelitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans was diagnosed in a three‐year‐old male Irish wolfhound. The case details and radiological findings of radiolucency and periosteal reaction of the left third metatarsal bone had lead to an initial diagnosis of a malignant bone tumour. Biopsy revealed a fungal granuloma and culture identified the causal organism. A four month course of ketaconazole was instigated and the lameness resolved. Twelve months after the end of treatment there was no recurrence of the problem.
Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Darke P. G. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEchocardiography offers an invaluable noninvasive technique for examining structures within the heart, for measuring the size of cardiac chambers and for assessing myocardial function. Doppler provides a further objective measure of blood flow within the heart and great vessels that reflects the haemodynamic function of the heart. Furthermore, it demonstrates valvular disorders very accurately, especially with the aid of colour‐flow mapping.
Hypertension: A review of the mechanisms, manifestations and management
Authors: Dukes J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHypertension is a common disease of man although it is rarely diagnosed in veterinary medicine. This partly reflects a failure of recognition of the incidence and importance of hypertension in animals. Recognition of hypertension is usually late in the course following acute ocular, cardiac, renal or neurological presentation. Early screening and identification of hypertension is important as it is an organ destructive and self‐perpetuating process. The physiological control and measurement of blood pressure and the pathogenesis and management of hypertension in small animals is reviewed.
Diagnosis and management of malabsorption in dogs
Authors: Batt R. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMalabsorption can result from interference with either the degradation or absorption phases in the handling of dietary constituents and represents an important cause of weight loss and diarrhoea in dogs. Effective treatment depends on identification and understanding of the underlying disease which could affect the functional capacity of the exocrine pancreas or small intestine. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can be identified by a low concentration of trypsin‐like immunoreactivity in serum and results in serious malabsorption due to interference with degradation of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Treatment with oral pancreatic extract complemented by a low fat, high quality protein diet, is effective in many cases. Refractory cases may need additional treatment with an oral antibiotic for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and H2‐receptor blockers to help prevent denaturation of the pancreatic extract by stomach acid. The pancreas plays a key role in the normal absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in dogs and malabsorption of cobalamin in EPI may not resolve with treatment so that cobalamin may need to be given parenterally. Small intestinal disease may result in interference with the number or functioning of individual enterocytes, in some cases accompanied by cellular infiltration of the mucosa. Diagnosis depends on indirect assessment of intestinal damage, for example by assay of serum vitamins and determination of intestinal absorption and permeability, and in selected cases followed by endoscopic examination, intestinal biopsy and culture of duodenal juice. Treatment depends on the disease and may include oral antibiotic for SIBO and immunosuppressive drugs for infiltrative disease. Dietary management is also important, for example with a restricted fat diet containing highly digestible carbohydrate and high quality protein, and when a dietary sensitivity is suspected a restriction diet of a selected protein source may be needed.
Nutritional support of hospitalised animals
Authors: Donoghue S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEffective nutritional support requires a sound knowledge of both basic and clinical nutrition of dogs and cats as well as familiarity with products and their administration. Management includes the assessment of a patient's nutritional status and estimation of fuel sources. Most starved or stressed patients utilise fatty acids at over 70 per cent kcalME (metabolisable energy) and protein at over 20 per cent kcalME; appropriate diets contain at least 30 per cent kcalME from protein as well as fat. Approximate calorie needs are based on maintenance energy requirements. Enteral nutritional support is superior to parenteral support in most patients as gastrointestinal integrity and enterocyte viability are maintained. Meat‐based pet foods, liquid enteral products and nutrient supplements are offered in slurries and via tubes. Management includes careful monitoring of patients and the gradual transition to diets with more complex nutrient sources.
Congenital deafness and vestibular deficit in the dobermann
Authors: Wilkes M. K. , Palmer A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA condition characterised by the early onset of vestibular deficit and hearing loss was investigated in the dobermann breed of dog. Affected pups showed behavioural signs of head tilt, circling and ataxia and there was a total absence of vestibular response to rotation or caloric stimulation. Severe deafness, as assessed by brainstem auditory evoked response testing, was present by three weeks of age in all affected animals. The inner ears showed a progressive neuroepithelial type of cochlear degeneration with loss of the auditory sensory cells. In the vestibular system, however, there was no equivalent sensory cell loss and the only abnormal feature was the absence or abnormality of the otoconia in some of the affected animals. Pedigree analysis suggested that the condition was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Effect of food intake on urine pH in cats
Authors: Finke M. D. , Litzenberger B. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNinety adult cats were fed an experimental canned meat‐based cat food at levels necessary to maintain weight for 11 days. On the 12th day the cats were split into six groups of 15 cats each and fed 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 per cent of their previous food allotment. Four hours after the food was offered a urine sample was obtained via cysto‐centesis. The pH of the urine sample was determined and the sample microscopically evaluated for the presence of struvite crystals. Post prandial urine pH was found to be a linear function of the amount of food consumed: (urine pH = 6–15 + [food intake (g) × 0–015]; P = 0‐000). The presence of struvite crystals was dependent on urine pH while amorphous crystals were not. These data suggest that ad libitum feeding (nibble eating) may be beneficial in the management of feline struvite urolithiasis by reducing the magnitude of the post prandial alkaline tide. It also supports the suggestion that struvite crystal formation is largely a function of urinary pH.
Distribution of angiostrongylosis in Cornwall
Authors: Martin M. W. S. , Neal C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred and ninety‐seven faecal samples were examined for Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae, from dogs throughout Cornwall, which were presented with one or more clinical signs consistent with infection, were known to eat slugs or snails or were related to an infected dog. Twenty samples (10‐1 per cent) contained nematode larvae, of these A vasorum larvae were identified in eight (4‐1 per cent) and larvae of Filaroides species in eight (4‐1 per cent). Seven of the eight dogs positive for A vasorum were found to have been infected within an area six miles in diameter incorporating Redruth. Statistical analysis suggested that this aggregation of cases was unlikely to be a random event (P < 0–01). No correlation between published data on the distribution of the intermediate host, slugs and snails and the cases of A vasorum infection reported in this paper could be found. It is concluded that A vasorum infection is enzootic within a small area around Redruth in the mid‐west of Cornwall.
Concurrent bronchiolar‐alveolar and large cell anaplastic pulmonary carcinoma in a dog
Authors: Merrett D. J. , Day M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe simultaneous occurrence of bronchiolar‐alveolar carcinoma and large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung is reported in a 12‐year‐old Australian terrier. Radiological findings in this case indicated diffuse infiltration but were nonspecific. Cytological examination of a fine needle lung aspirate and post mortem examination confirmed the presence of two concurrent forms of pulmonary neoplasia.
A putative clostridial myositis in a dog
Authors: Mañé M. C. , Vives M. A. , Barrera R. , Ezquerra L. J. , Jiménez A. , Rodriguez J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA clinical case of possible clostridial myositis in a dog and its treatment is described. This condition is rare in carnivores and bacteriological examination was not made in this case. Tests revealed neutrophilia, together with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). One month after the onset of the disease, all these parameters were again normal apart from CPK which did not regain a normal level until five months later, by which time cicatrisation of the lesion by second intention was complete.
A new surgical technique For repair of perineal hernias in the dog
Authors: Raffan P. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA new surgical technique is described for the repair of perineal hernias. Transposition of both the internal obturator muscle and the superficial gluteal muscle together was used to repair 52 hernias in 44 dogs. The technique gave a strong pelvic diaphragm, fewer postoperative complications than other techniques and good long term results.
Cavitating mycotic pulmonary infection in a German shepherd dog
Authors: Guerin S. R. , Walker M. C. , Kelly D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA four‐year‐old German shepherd dog had a chronic cough unresponsive to antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory therapy. Radiography revealed consolidation and cavitation in the anterior left lung field. Histological examination of the lung showed extensive necrosis, cavitation and chronic vascular lesions. Fungal infection of the lung was identified histologically and appeared to be an Aspergillus species. Necropsy confirmed extensive consolidation of the affected lung, but no other gross evidence of mycotic infection outside the lung.
Assessment of methadone as an anaesthetic premedicant in cats
Authors: Dobromylskyj P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNinety cats scheduled to undergo surgical procedures requiring the provision of postoperative analgesia were premedicated with either 0·1, 0·3 or 0·5 mgl/kg of racemic methadone by intramuscular injection. Each cat was assessed on three behavioural criteria before administration and again 20 minutes later. In a further 20 cats a specific assessment was made of the respiratory rate, heart rate and intraoperative minute volume during ovariohysterectomy following premedication with methadone (0·5 mgl/kg intramuscularly). In these cats an assessment of duration of analgesia was attempted. There was no significant change in behavioural scores following premedication with methadone. No cat vomited or became excited. No evidence of serious respiratory depression was found in the 20 cats monitored in detail. Duration of analgesia in cats receiving methadone (0·5 mgl/kg intramuscularly) before ovariohysterectomy varied from 1·5 to over 6·5 hours. Methadone may be used at dose rates of up to 0·5 mg/kg as a premedicant for cats without significant risk of undesirable behavioural changes or serious intraoperative respiratory depression when combined with the anaesthetic protocol described.
Necrotizing encephalitis in Yorkshire terriers
Authors: Tipold A. , Fatzer R. , Jaggy A. , Zurbriggen A. , Vandevelde M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDuring the past six years these authors have observed a distinctive multifocal non‐suppurative necrotizing encephalitis in Yorkshire terriers. Histopathological findings were different from those in canine encephalitides of known and unknown causes. Clinically, the Yorkshire terriers presented primarily brain stem signs or evidence of cerebral involvement, including seizures. The course of the disease was mostly chronic and progressive. Protozoal, bacterial and mycotic organisms were not found on histopathological examinations. The morphology of the lesions was strongly suggestive of a viral aetiology. Immunocytochemistry as well as in situ hybridisation failed to provide evidence for canine distemper virus infection. Likewise, canine herpesvirus was not detected by immunocytochemistry. Other known canine encephalitides could be excluded on clinical and morphological grounds; however, certain similarities may exist to pug dog encephalitis.
Metatarsal III fractures in the racing greyhound
Authors: Ness M. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDuring a five‐year period, six single stress fractures of metatarsal Iii fractures were diagnosed in five greyhounds. All cases occurred while racing and without external trauma. Treatment by external support had previously been unsuccessful in three cases. However, surgical treatment permitted a prompt return to racing in all cases treated. The aetiopathogenesis of these fractures, the relative importance of the functional anatomy of the canine hock and the practice of racing greyhounds around tight curves are discussed.
Isolation ofNocardia asteroidesfrom a dog with haemorrhagic cystitis
Authors: Buoro I. B. J. , Mande J. D. , Nyamwange S. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical, clinicopathological, serial urinalysis, urinary bladder radiography and urine bacteriological culture results in a three‐year‐old male dog with haematuria of four days duration are presented. The dog had cystitis associated with suspectedNocardia asteroidesinfection. There was rapid resolution of clinical signs on institution of treatment with ampicillin.
Tonographic effects of pilocarpine and pilocarpineepinephrine in dogs
Authors: Gum G. G. , Metzger K. J. , Gelatt K. J. , Gilley R. L. , Gelatt K. N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTopical pilocarpine (1·0, 2·0 and 4·0 per cent) and 2·0 per cent pilocarpine plus 1·0 per cent epinephrine markedly increased conventional aqueous humour outflow, as measured by noninvasive tonography, in both normal beagles and beagles with inherited glaucoma. Pilocarpine in normal eyes increased the coefficient of outflow from 0·33 μl/min/mmHg (pre‐drug) to 0·55 μl/min/mmHg (1·0 per cent), 0·57 μl/min/mmHg (2·0 per cent), and 0·61 μl/min/mmHg (4·0 per cent). In beagles with inherited glaucoma, topical pilocarpine increased the coefficient of outflow from 0·15 μl/min/mmHg (pre‐drug) to 0·24 μl/min/mmHg (1·0 per cent), 0·21 μl/min/mrnHg (2·0 per cent) and 0·38 μl/min/mmHg (4·0 per cent). The 2·0 per cent pilocarpine plus 1·0 per cent epinephrine solution in normal eyes increased the coefficient of outflow from 0·27 μl/min/mmHg to 0·36 μl/min/mmHg. In the glaucomatous eyes the 2 per cent pilocarpine plus 1 per cent epinephrine combination increased the coefficient outflow from 0·20 μl/min/mmHg to 0·30 μl/min/mmHg.
Calculations of energy requirements of dogs, cats and small psittacine birds
Authors: Earle K. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHow much and on what should I feed my dog, cat or budgerigar? This must be a common question veterinarians are asked by their clients and possibly the most difficult question to answer because of the number of options available. When advising on the most appropriate daily feeding regimen for a companion animal, one must not only consider the animal's requirement for energy and other key nutrients at a particular bodyweight or age but also provide a food that is readily consumed by the pet. Feeding plays an important role in the relationship between the pet and its owner. The occasion provides the greatest pleasure for the owner when the pet has not only eaten the food supplied but also indicated, via its behaviour pattern, that the occasion was pleasurable. These factors, together with the animal's own individual preferences, will determine whether a particular food, even if nutritionally balanced, is eaten or not.
Calcaneoquartal arthrodesis in the dog
Authors: Allen M. J. , Dyce J. , Houlton J. E. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of calcaneoquartal arthrodesis was evaluated retrospectively in 36 dogs (39 joints) with instability of the proximal intertarsal joint. Instability was caused by rupture of the plantar ligament in 27 dogs (75 per cent) while in the remaining nine dogs it was complicated by fractures or luxations of other tarsal bones. The average period between the time of injury and referral was 10 weeks. Thirteen dogs had received prior treatment. Arthrodesis was achieved in 33 of the 39 joints (85 per cent) following the initial surgery, while a further four joints were subsequently successfully treated, giving an overall success rate of 95 per cent. Sixteen limbs (41 per cent) developed complications; these complications were seen more frequently in dogs referred with a history of previous unsuccessful cast or surgical management. After an average follow‐up period of 37 months, 76 per cent of the dogs were reported to be sound.
Morphological study of the corpus luteum in the rat
Authors: Fransen J. , Verheyen A. , Marsboom R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe cyclic related growth and regression of the corpus luteum during four consecutive oestrous cycles of the regular four‐day‐cycling (ie, 16 days), virgin albino Wistar rat were followed up by light and electron microscopic investigation of the ovaries. After ovulation, follicular granulosa cells differentiated into luteal cells in the newly formed corpus luteum. Based on their specific histological characteristics, four various types of corpus luteum in each stage of the oestrous cycle could be identified. As soon as the luteal cells started to degenerate, the number of fibroblasts progressively increased and apoptotic degeneration of luteal cells was initiated and became most prominent during oestrus. Complete regression of the corpus luteum was seen after 15 days. This study shows a strictly organised pattern of luteal cell growth and degeneration in the corpus luteum of the regular four‐day‐cycling, virgin Wistar rat. The morphological alterations may be regulated by a hormonal fluctuation.
Risk factors for humeral condylar fractures in the dog: A retrospective study
Authors: Rørvik A. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHumeral condylar fractures have fracture lines that extend through the joint surface and through one or both epicondyles. One hundred and eighty‐nine dogs with humeral condylar fractures are presented in this study. Lateral condylar fractures were the most frequent (67 per cent), occurring nearly 10 times as often as the medial condylar fracture. Intercondylar fractures represented about 35 per cent of these. Condylar fractures occur as a result of moderate trauma and only rarely due to traffic accidents. The histories and circumstances of the three fracture types are not essentially different. Dogs, three and four months old, were strongly over‐represented among the lateral and medial condylar fractures, compared with the age distribution of other types of fractures in the extremities of the dogs. Humeral condylar fractures were recorded in 58 breeds. All dogs are vulnerable to humeral condylar fractures. All sizes and both sexes are equally at risk. Some breeds seem to be more vulnerable to lateral condylar fractures: English and French bulldogs, Yorkshire terriers, miniature schnauzers, Gordon setters and German short‐haired pointers. The St Bernard seems to be more vulnerable to medial and intercondylar fractures and the German shepherd dog and beagle to intercondylar fractures. A retrospective case control study does not provide wholly reliable statistical information on risk factors, and the statistics concerning breed and breed size must be judged accordingly. The method was considered to be the best statistical model available for this study.
Valvular pulmonic stenosis in bullmastiffs
Authors: Malik R. , Church D. B. , Hunt G. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSix bullmastiffs with congenital heart disease were evaluated over a three‐year period. In all the cases the problem was shown to be dysplasia of the pulmonary valve. Five cases were male, one was female. All dogs available to follow‐up developed signs of cardiac decompensation. Bullmastiffs must be added to the list of breeds in which valvular pulmonic stenosis is encountered frequently.
Canine kinematic hindleg gait analysis using a microcomputer
Authors: Wingfield C. , Law H. T. , Stead A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA microcomputer‐based gait measurement system, originally developed for human subjects, has been adapted for analysis of canine walking and trotting gaits. Examples of gait in a normal and an abnormal dobermann are shown to demonstrate the collection and presentation of kinematic data of locomotion. The potential of the system for clinical and research work is discussed.