bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Variations in Upper‐Ocean Salinity Over the North Pacific in 2004–2021
Authors: Kawai Yoshimi , Katsura Shota , Hosoda Shigeki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInterannual variations in upper ocean salinity in the North Pacific Ocean (NP) were examined comprehensively over a period of 18 years (2004–2021) with gridded data sets considering vertical profiles of salinity. The salinity in nearly half of the basin varied in phase with a slight lag, and the rest of the basin exhibited the opposite phase on a decadal scale. The average salinity above 400 dbar prominently increased in the eastern and western mid‐latitude regions from approximately 2010 to the latter half of the 2010s, and decreased in the central subarctic and subtropics during the same period. This spatial pattern was similar to that of temperature change. While the freshening in the subtropics was remarkably above 100 dbar, salinity changes in the subarctic were large even in the subsurface. The first mode of the complex empirical orthogonal function analysis indicated the eastward (westward) propagation of salinity anomalies in the subarctic (subtropics), that is, a clockwise shift. Salinity budget analysis revealed that the changes in the 2010s were mainly caused by geostrophic advection in zonal regions around 40°N and 20°N, and the eastern NP. Precipitation also contributed to freshening in the subtropics, but not in the central subarctic. The meridional migration of salinity fronts in the subarctic and subtropics induced by wind stress, which is meridional contraction of the subtropical gyre, contributed to freshening in the central NP. It is unclear whether salinification in the eastern and western regions inevitably synchronizes and should be further examined.
Weather‐Induced Satellite Orbit Perturbations
Authors: Motlaghzadeh S. , Vasiuta M. , Bister M. , Navarro Trastoy A. , Tuppi L. , Mayer‐Gürr T. , Järvinen H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSatellites in Earth's orbit are exposed to Earth radiation, consisting of reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation, thereby exerting a non‐conservative force that causes acceleration and affects the orbits. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) mission aiming to retrieve the Earth's gravity potential is critically dependent on accounting for this force and all other non‐gravitational forces. There are both diurnal and seasonal variations in the Earth's radiation pressure, of which the seasonal variability can be represented by climatology. Nevertheless, the daily variations in the Earth's radiation pressure, due to the transient changes in the weather; for example, clouds and their properties, are not accounted for in the orbit perturbations studies. We show here that the top‐of‐atmosphere radiation fluxes computed with a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model explain most of the measured short‐term variations in the radial acceleration of the GRACE‐FO satellite. Our physics‐based modeling corrects a hitherto unexplained lack of power spectral density in the measured accelerations. For example, we can accurately model the accelerations associated with a tropical storm in the Indian Ocean in December 2020, which would not be possible when using climatological data. Our results demonstrate that using a global numerical weather prediction model significantly improves the simulation of non‐gravitational effects in the satellites' orbits. In the 7‐day data set, OpenIFS‐simulated acceleration exhibited higher accuracy than climatological‐data‐simulated acceleration (2.5 compared to 2.6 nms−2) and an improved precision (2.6 compared to 3.0 nms−2). This advancement contributes to a more precise orbit determination across various applications in Earth sciences.
Soluble Organic Compounds and Cyanide in Apollo 17 Lunar Samples: Origins and Curation Effects
Authors: Elsila Jamie E. , Aponte José C. , McLain Hannah L. , Simkus Danielle N. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. , Zeigler Ryan A. , McCubbin Francis M. ,   the ANGSA Science Team
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe analyzed 12 Apollo 17 samples through the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) program to determine the abundances of a variety of compound classes, including amino acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, and cyanide‐releasing species. Analyzed samples included portions of double drive tube 73001/73002, the bottom half of which (73001) was hermetically sealed under lunar vacuum, as well as lunar regolith samples from three different illumination environments that had been curated frozen for ∼50 years. Consistent with previous results, we detected low levels of amino acids in the hot‐water extracts of most samples (0.55–12.03 nmol/g in unhydrolyzed samples; 0.53–72.38 nmol/g after acid hydrolysis of the extracts). We also detected one‐carbon and two‐carbon species of amines, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids (i.e., methylamine, ethylamine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid) not previously reported in lunar samples, as well as insoluble cyanide‐forming species. Although these compounds are potential precursor molecules for amino acids, no specific precursor relationships could be determined. Nylon contamination was the likely source of some amino acids. Abundances of some species (e.g., cyanide) decreased with increasing depth in the drive tube, suggesting that exogenous delivery and concentration mechanisms near the surface outweighed surface degradation processes. In addition, we observed the potential cold trapping of volatile amines in the persistently shadowed samples analyzed. Finally, we noted the effects of different curation conditions; hermetic sealing appeared to preserve higher amounts of volatile compounds, while frozen curation did not have a noticeable preservation effect on the organic volatiles analyzed here.
Contributions of Parameterized Gravity Waves and Resolved Equatorial Waves to the QBO Period in a Future Climate of CESM2
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Kyu , Chun Hye‐Yeong , Richter Jadwiga H. , Simpson Isla R. , Garcia Rolando R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContributions of the resolved waves and parameterized gravity waves to changes in the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in a future simulation (2015–2100) under the SSP370 scenario are investigated using the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2) with enhanced vertical resolution and are compared with those from four CESM2 historical simulations (1979–2014). The maximum QBO amplitude of the future simulation is 26.0 m s−1, which is slightly less than that of the historical simulations (27.4–29.3 m s−1). However, the QBO period in the future simulation is much shorter: 21.6 months in the early‐future (2015–2050) and 12 months in the late‐future (2065–2100) period, than in the historical simulations (23.5–30.9 months). The shortened QBO period in the future is primarily due to increases in both resolved wave forcing and parameterized gravity wave drag (GWD) in the stratosphere, with a more significant contribution by the GWD. As convective activity becomes stronger in the future simulation, the momentum flux of parameterized convective gravity waves at the cloud top increases, resulting in stronger GWD in the stratosphere. The increases in the magnitude of westward GWD dominate those of eastward GWD in the stratosphere. This is due to a significant increase in westward momentum flux in the troposphere, especially during the descending easterly QBO, and enhanced westerlies in the lowermost stratosphere, which introduces a westward anomaly. For the resolved waves, Kelvin wave forcing is a key contributor to increased eastward forcing in the future simulation, with relatively minor contributions by other equatorial planetary waves.
How do I recognise and manage visual snow syndrome?
Authors: Fraser Clare L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVisual snow syndrome (VSS) is becoming increasingly recognised by clinicians and self-diagnosed by our patients thanks to online search tools. Previously this phenomenon was overlooked or dismissed leading to increased patient anxiety. Now, however, we need to be careful with that we are not making what would seem to be an easy diagnosis of VSS when actually we are missing any underlying or mimic conditions.
Voretigene neparvovec for inherited retinal dystrophy due to RPE65 mutations: a scoping review of eligibility and treatment challenges from clinical trials to real practice
Authors: Testa Francesco , Bacci Giacomo , Falsini Benedetto , Iarossi Giancarlo , Melillo Paolo , Mucciolo Dario Pasquale , Murro Vittoria , Salvetti Anna Paola , Sodi Andrea , Staurenghi Giovanni , Simonelli Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiallelic mutations in the RPE65 gene affect nearly 8% of Leber Congenital Amaurosis and 2% of Retinitis Pigmentosa cases. Voretigene neparvovec (VN) is the first gene therapy approach approved for their treatment. To date, real life experience has demonstrated functional improvements following VN treatment, which are consistent with the clinical trials outcomes. However, there is currently no consensus on the characteristics for eligibility for VN treatment. We reviewed relevant literature to explore whether recommendations on patient eligibility can be extrapolated following VN marketing. We screened 166 papers through six research questions, following scoping reviews methodology, to investigate: (1) the clinical and genetic features considered in VN treatment eligibility; (2) the psychophysical tests and imaging modalities used in the pre-treatment and follow-up; (3) the potential correlations between visual function and retinal structure that can be used to define treatment impact on disease progression; (4) retinal degeneration; (5) the most advanced testing modalities; and (6) the impact of surgical procedure on treatment outcomes. Current gaps concerning patients’ eligibility in clinical settings, such as pre-treatment characteristics and outcomes are not consistently reported across the studies. No upper limit of retinal degeneration can be defined as the univocal factor in patient eligibility, although evidence suggested that the potential for function rescue is related to the preservation of photoreceptors before treatment. In general, paediatric patients retain more viable cells, present a less severe disease stage and show the highest potential for improvements, making them the most suitable candidates for treatment.
Uveal melanoma immunogenomics predict immunotherapy resistance and susceptibility
Authors: Leonard-Murali Shravan , Bhaskarla Chetana , Yadav Ghanshyam S. , Maurya Sudeep K. , Galiveti Chenna R. , Tobin Joshua A. , Kann Rachel J. , Ashwat Eishan , Murphy Patrick S. , Chakka Anish B. , Soman Vishal , Cantalupo Paul G. , Zhuo Xinming , Vyas Gopi , Kozak Dara L. , Kelly Lindsey M. , Smith Ed , Chandran Uma R. , Hsu Yen-Michael S. , Kammula Udai S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibition has shown success in treating metastatic cutaneous melanoma but has limited efficacy against metastatic uveal melanoma, a rare variant arising from the immune privileged eye. To better understand this resistance, we comprehensively profile 100 human uveal melanoma metastases using clinicogenomics, transcriptomics, and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte potency assessment. We find that over half of these metastases harbor tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with potent autologous tumor specificity, despite low mutational burden and resistance to prior immunotherapies. However, we observe strikingly low intratumoral T cell receptor clonality within the tumor microenvironment even after prior immunotherapies. To harness these quiescent tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, we develop a transcriptomic biomarker to enable in vivo identification and ex vivo liberation to counter their growth suppression. Finally, we demonstrate that adoptive transfer of these transcriptomically selected tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can promote tumor immunity in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma when other immunotherapies are incapable.
Cryo-EM structures of adenosine receptor A3AR bound to selective agonists
Authors: Cai Hongmin , Guo Shimeng , Xu Youwei , Sun Jun , Li Junrui , Xia Zhikan , Jiang Yi , Xie Xin , Xu H. Eric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR), a key member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory and cancerous conditions. The selective A3AR agonists, CF101 and CF102, are clinically significant, yet their recognition mechanisms remained elusive. Here we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the full-length human A3AR bound to CF101 and CF102 with heterotrimeric Gi protein in complex at 3.3-3.2 Å resolution. These agonists reside in the orthosteric pocket, forming conserved interactions via their adenine moieties, while their 3-iodobenzyl groups exhibit distinct orientations. Functional assays reveal the critical role of extracellular loop 3 in A3AR’s ligand selectivity and receptor activation. Key mutations, including His3.37, Ser5.42, and Ser6.52, in a unique sub-pocket of A3AR, significantly impact receptor activation. Comparative analysis with the inactive A2AAR structure highlights a conserved receptor activation mechanism. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the molecular recognition and signaling of A3AR, paving the way for designing subtype-selective adenosine receptor ligands.
Synergistic effect of two human-like monoclonal antibodies confers protection against orthopoxvirus infection
Authors: Tamir Hadas , Noy-Porat Tal , Melamed Sharon , Cherry-Mimran Lilach , Barlev-Gross Moria , Alcalay Ron , Yahalom-Ronen Yfat , Achdout Hagit , Politi Boaz , Erez Noam , Weiss Shay , Rosenfeld Ronit , Epstein Eyal , Mazor Ohad , Makdasi Efi , Paran Nir , Israely Tomer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe eradication of smallpox was officially declared by the WHO in 1980, leading to discontinuation of the vaccination campaign against the virus. Consequently, immunity against smallpox and related orthopoxviruses like Monkeypox virus gradually declines, highlighting the need for efficient countermeasures not only for the prevention, but also for the treatment of already exposed individuals. We have recently developed human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from vaccinia virus-immunized non-human primates. Two mAbs, MV33 and EV42, targeting the two infectious forms of the virus, were selected for in vivo evaluation, based on their in vitro neutralization potency. A single dose of either MV33 or EV42 administered three days post-infection (dpi) to BALB/c female mice provides full protection against lethal ectromelia virus challenge. Importantly, a combination of both mAbs confers full protection even when provided five dpi. Whole-body bioimaging and viral load analysis reveal that combination of the two mAbs allows for faster and more efficient clearance of the virus from target organs compared to either MV33 or EV42 separately. The combined mAbs treatment further confers post-exposure protection against the currently circulating Monkeypox virus in Cast/EiJ female mice, highlighting their therapeutic potential against other orthopoxviruses.
A fine-scale Arabidopsis chromatin landscape reveals chromatin conformation-associated transcriptional dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Dong Qianli , Wang Zhen , Liu Qinzhe , Yu Haopeng , Sun Wenqing , Cheema Jitender , You Qiancheng , Ding Ling , Cao Xiaofeng , He Chuan , Ding Yiliang , Zhang Huakun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants, as sessile organisms, deploy transcriptional dynamics for adapting to extreme growth conditions such as cold stress. Emerging evidence suggests that chromatin architecture contributes to transcriptional regulation. However, the relationship between chromatin architectural dynamics and transcriptional reprogramming in response to cold stress remains unclear. Here, we apply a chemical-crosslinking assisted proximity capture (CAP-C) method to elucidate the fine-scale chromatin landscape, revealing chromatin interactions within gene bodies closely associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) densities across initiation, pausing, and termination sites. We observe dynamic changes in chromatin interactions alongside Pol II activity alterations during cold stress, suggesting local chromatin dynamics may regulate Pol II activity. Notably, cold stress does not affect large-scale chromatin conformations. We further identify a comprehensive promoter-promoter interaction (PPI) network across the genome, potentially facilitating co-regulation of gene expression in response to cold stress. Our study deepens the understanding of chromatin conformation-associated gene regulation in plant response to cold.
Association of cytokines levels, psychopathology and cognition among CR-TRS patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Dong Yeqing , Zhu Minghuan , Li Yanzhe , Liu Nannan , Wang Xinxu , Yang Bing , Li Shen , Li Zezhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia (CR-TRS) patients face significant clinical challenges. While links between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia have been established, the relationship between MetS and cytokine levels in CR-TRS patients remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cytokines levels, clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in CR-TRS patients, both with and without MetS. The study included 69 CR-TRS patients (31with MetS and 38 without MetS) and 84 healthy controls. The levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and routine biochemical parameters were measured. Psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. We found that CR-TRS patients with MetS displayed lower cognitive function scores compared to those without MetS, even when accounting for potential confounders. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in CRTRS patients with MetS compared to those without MetS, demonstrating substantial pathophysiological potential for CR-TRS patients with MetS via receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). In CR-TRS patients without MetS, IL-2 independently contributed to the total score and general psychopathology subscore of PANSS. Additionally, IL-6 exhibited an independent contribution to the positive subscore of PANSS. In terms of cognition function, IL-6 independently contributed to the delayed memory of RBANS in CR-TRS patients without MetS. TNF-α could potentially serve as a predictive marker for distinguishing between CR-TRS patients with/without MetS, while IL-2 and IL-6 could independently contribute to psychopathological symptoms or cognitive function in CRTRS patients without MetS. Our study provided insights into the potential interplay between cytokines, clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in CR-TRS patients with/without MetS.
An EEG Dataset of Neural Signatures in a Competitive Two-Player Game Encouraging Deceptive Behavior
Authors: Chen Yiyu , Fazli Siamac , Wallraven Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStudying deception is vital for understanding decision-making and social dynamics. Recent EEG research has deepened insights into the brain mechanisms behind deception. Standard methods in this field often rely on memory, are vulnerable to countermeasures, yield false positives, and lack real-world relevance. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset from an EEG-monitored competitive, two-player card game designed to elicit authentic deception behavior. Our extensive dataset contains EEG data from 12 pairs (N = 24 participants with role switching), controlled for age, gender, and risk-taking, with detailed labels and annotations. The dataset combines standard event-related potential and microstate analyses with state-of-the-art decoding approaches of four scenarios: spontaneous/instructed truth-telling and lying. This demonstrates game-based methods’ efficacy in studying deception and sets a benchmark for future research. Overall, our dataset represents a unique resource with applications in cognitive neuroscience and related fields for studying deception, competitive behavior, decision-making, inter-brain synchrony, and benchmarking of decoding frameworks in a difficult, high-level cognitive task.
Measuring social determinants of health in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Tesfaye Samantha , Cronin Robert M. , Lopez-Class Maria , Chen Qingxia , Foster Christopher S. , Gu Callie A. , Guide Andrew , Hiatt Robert A. , Johnson Angelica S. , Joseph Christine L. M. , Khatri Parinda , Lim Sokny , Litwin Tamara R. , Munoz Fatima A. , Ramirez Andrea H. , Sansbury Heather , Schlundt David G. , Viera Emma N. , Dede-Yildirim Elif , Clark Cheryl R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo accelerate medical breakthroughs, the All of Us Research Program aims to collect data from over one million participants. This report outlines processes used to construct the All of Us Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) survey and presents the psychometric characteristics of SDOH survey measures in All of Us. A consensus process was used to select SDOH measures, prioritizing concepts validated in diverse populations and other national cohort surveys. Survey item non-response was calculated, and Cronbach’s alpha was used to analyze psychometric properties of scales. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between demographic categories and item non-response. Twenty-nine percent (N = 117,783) of eligible All of Us participants submitted SDOH survey data for these analyses. Most scales had less than 5% incalculable scores due to item non-response. Patterns of item non-response were seen by racial identity, educational attainment, income level, survey language, and age. Internal consistency reliability was greater than 0.80 for almost all scales and most demographic groups. The SDOH survey demonstrated good to excellent reliability across several measures and within multiple populations underrepresented in biomedical research. Bias due to survey non-response and item non-response will be monitored and addressed as the survey is fielded more completely.
First public dataset to study 2023 Turkish general election
Authors: Najafi Ali , Mugurtay Nihat , Zouzou Yasser , Demirci Ege , Demirkiran Serhat , Karadeniz Huseyin Alper , Varol Onur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the context of Turkiye’s most recent parliamentary and presidential elections (“seçim” in Turkish), social media has played an important role in shaping public debate. It is of utmost importance to capture social media trends during the 2023 Turkish elections, since it uncovers a great deal of information of election propaganda, political debates, smear campaigns, and election manipulation by domestic and international actors. We provide a comprehensive dataset for social media researchers to study Turkish elections, develop tools to prevent online manipulation, and gather novel information to inform the public. We are committed to continually improving the data collection and updating it regularly leading up to the election. Using the dataset, researchers can examine the social and communication networks between political actors, track current trends, and investigate emerging threats to election integrity. Our dataset and analysis code available through Harvard Dataverse and Github, respectively.