bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of microvolt T‐wave alternans, a new arrhythmic risk stratification test, in Type 2 diabetic patients without clinical cardiovascular disease
Authors: Molon G. , Targher G. , Costa A. , Bertolini L. , Barbieri E. , Zenari L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAims  Patients with a positive microvolt T‐wave alternans (TWA) are at increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Although Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of these events, there is a dearth of available data on measurements of TWA in people with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  We studied 43 Type 2 diabetic volunteers who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD). Microvolt TWA analysis was performed non‐invasively using the CH 2000 system during submaximal exercise with the patients sitting on a bicycle ergometer.Results  TWA analysis was positive in 9 (21%) patients, negative in 32 (74.4%) and indeterminate in 2 (4.6%) subjects. TWA positive patients had significantly higher HbA1c levels than those with TWA negativity (8.1 ± 0.9 vs. 7.2 ± 0.8%, P < 0.01). Age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, 24‐h heart rate variability, QTc interval duration, smoking history, diabetes duration and treatment, and microvascular complication status did not differ between the groups. In regression logistic analysis, HbA1c was the only significant predictor of TWA positivity (odds ratio 5.7, 95% CI 1.3–26, P = 0.023) after controlling for potential confounders.Conclusions  These results suggest that in Type 2 diabetic patients without clinically manifest CVD, TWA positivity is common (approximately 20%) and is closely correlated with glycaemic control.
nef gene sequence variation among HIV‐1‐infected African children*
Authors: Chakraborty R , Reinis M , Rostron T , Philpott S , Dong T , D'Agostino A , Musoke R , de Silva E , Stumpf M , Weiser B , Burger H , Rowland‐Jones SL 
Published: January 2006

BackgroundThere are few data on African children infected with nonclade B HIV‐1 in endemic settings, which limits generalizations about pathogenesis and progression. Genotypic and phenotypic variations in host immunogenetics and HIV‐1 negative factor (nef) accessory protein may influence disease progression and have frequently been characterized in subjects infected with clade B HIV‐1.MethodsIn this descriptive study, we report nef gene sequence variation and host genetic polymorphisms in 32 Kenyan children, including 12 slow progressors.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis identified HIV‐1 clades A, C and D and a recombinant A/D subtype. Grossly defective nef genes or significant changes from relevant clade reference sequences were not identified in children with delayed disease progression.Conclusions nef sequence variations may not be common in perinatally infected African children. Further studies are warranted in HIV‐1‐infected subjects in settings where infection is endemic.
Depression and neurocognitive performance in individuals with HIV/AIDS: 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Gibbie T , Mijch A , Ellen S , Hoy J , Hutchison C , Wright E , Chua P , Judd F 
Published: January 2006

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to follow a cohort of HIV‐infected individuals for 2 years to assess changes in depression and neuropsychological performance over time, to explore the relationship between depression, HIV illness and neuropsychological performance, and to examine the natural history of the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on depression and neurocognitive performance.MethodsHIV‐seropositive out‐patients were assessed at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up. At each assessment, patients were assessed for depression [using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Structured Clinical Interview (SCID‐CV)] and completed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and the Hopkins HIV Dementia Scale (HDS).ResultsAt baseline, 34.8% scored ≥14 on the BDI [≥14 suggests depressive symptoms (DS)]. The SCID‐CV revealed that 27% of participants met the criteria for current mood disorder. Seven per cent of the participants' scores on the HDS indicated HIV‐associated cognitive changes. Eighty participants were re‐tested at 2‐year follow‐up and were split into two groups based on BDI scores at baseline. CANTAB results revealed that the cohort were significantly impaired on nine of 10 measures compared with age‐matched normative data. Neurocognitive performance significantly improved for participants with no DS at baseline, whereas participants with DS at baseline did not show as much improvement. Multivariate analysis revealed that 40% of the change in cognitive performance was attributable to the variables age, AIDS and HAART regimen.ConclusionThese results suggest a significant decline in depression scores and an improvement in several neurocognitive domains over time, with a relationship between HIV illness, HAART, symptoms of depression and neurocognitive performance.
Characterization of nelfinavir binding to plasma proteins and the lack of drug displacement interactions
Authors: Motoya T , Thevanayagam LN , Blaschke TF , Au S , Stone JA , Jayewardene AL , Chi J , Aweeka FT 
Published: January 2006

ObjectivesTo determine the characteristics of the binding of nelfinavir and active M8 to α1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) and human serum albumin (HSA), and to examine the displacement effects of drugs binding extensively to AAG (ritonavir and saquinavir) or to HSA (salicylic acid and valproic acid).MethodsFree drugs were separated by equilibrium dialysis after incubation with human plasma or purified plasma proteins and after co‐incubation with potential displacers. Association constants were estimated from double‐reciprocal plots of the data.ResultsNelfinavir and M8 free fractions [fractions of unbound drug (fus)] were 0.42±0.08% (mean±standard deviation) and 0.64±0.07%, respectively. For the two analytes, respectively, association constants were 7.25 × 107/m and 3.33 × 107/m for AAG and 1.11 × 106/m and 7.92 × 105/m for HSA. Nelfinavir fu in an AAG solution was significantly (P<0.01) increased by the addition of ritonavir or saquinavir, whereas it was unaltered by addition of these drugs to whole plasma. Similarly, fu in an HSA solution was significantly increased (P<0.01) by the addition of salicylic acid or valproic acid, whereas there was no difference in the free fraction in plasma.ConclusionsThe affinity of nelfinavir for human plasma proteins was higher than that of M8, and both nelfinavir and M8 showed higher affinity to AAG than to HSA. The free fraction of nelfinavir was not affected by drugs that bind extensively to AAG or albumin when these drugs were added to whole plasma in combination, suggesting a compensatory effect of alternate binding proteins.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in the grass Poa alpina L.
Authors: MAURER K. , GAUTSCHI B. , WEYAND A. , STÖCKLIN J. , FISCHER M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe important fodder grass Poa alpina L. occurs at several ploidy levels with common aneuploidy. We isolated and characterized five polymorphic microsatellite markers for the study of molecular genetic variation of this species. As first examples of the value of the developed markers for population genetic analyses, we show that plants with more chromosomes have more microsatellite bands and that isolation by distance plays a small role in shaping microsatellite diversity of P. alpina in the Swiss Alps.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in a clonal plant, Dioscorea japonica Thunb.
Authors: MIZUKI INOUE , TANI NAOKI , ISHIDA KIYOSHI , TSUMURA YOSHIHIKO 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe developed 10 microsatellite loci from genomic DNA of a dioecious clonal plant, Dioscorea japonica. Out of 384 clones, 148 contained microsatellite repeats. Polymerase chain reaction primer pairs were designed for 95 of these clones from their sequence data, of which, 10 pairs produced successful amplification. Thirty‐eight individuals were genotyped for allelic diversity. We detected three to nine alleles per locus, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.461 to 0.851.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Sarcocystis neurona, a causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Authors: ASMUNDSSON INGRID M. , ROSENTHAL BENJAMIN M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe population genetics and systematics of coccidian parasites of the genus Sarcocystis remain poorly defined, notwithstanding their relevency to veterinary and human health. Despite opportunities for sexual recombination, nonrecombinant parasite clones characterized by distinct transmission and pathogenesis traits persist in related parasites (i.e. Toxoplasma gondii). In order to determine whether this may be generally true for parasitic coccidia, and to address evolutionary and taxonomic problems within the genus Sarcocystis, we isolated 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers (four to 14 alleles) for Sarcocystis neurona, the major causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).
Isolation of fungal DNA from plant tissues and removal of DNA amplification inhibitors
Authors: MALVICK DEAN K. , GRUNDEN ERIC 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSpecific primers and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are increasingly used for detection of fungi in plants. Detection depends on isolation of DNA that is free of compounds that inhibit amplification. We report on the significance of inhibition in soybean stems with a focus on studies of the vascular fungal pathogen Phialophora gregata. A simple DNA extraction procedure based on a FastDNA® kit is described that allows consistent detection of fungi in soybean stems using PCR. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and supplemental DNA purification steps overcame inhibition in over 90% of samples. These methods should also facilitate studies with other plant and fungal species.
Isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite markers in the freshwater turtle Mauremys rivulata (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Authors: MANTZIOU G. , ANTONIOU A. , POULAKAKIS N. , GOULIELMOS G. , TSIGENOPOULOS C. S. , PINOU T. , MYLONAS M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSix polymorphic microsatellite loci containing dinucleotide repeats were developed for the freshwater turtle Mauremys rivulata. The number of alleles ranged from five to 18. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.19 to 0.79 and 0.46 to 0.90, respectively. These markers may serve as a valuable tool for population genetics analyses and provide information on the evolutionary history of the species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the plural cooperatively breeding superb starling, Lamprotornis superbus
Authors: RUBENSTEIN DUSTIN R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSuperb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus) are separate nesting plural cooperative breeders endemic to East Africa that show high levels of reproductive conflict and low reproductive skew. I isolated 31 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the superb starling genome and characterized them in approximately 31 individuals. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from two to 16 and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.03 to 0.88. Many of these loci amplified in other passerine species including the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris, and a variety of other starlings and mockingbirds.
Type I microsatellite markers from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) expressed sequence tags
Authors: NG SIEMON H. S. , CHANG ALAN , BROWN GORDON D. , KOOP BEN F. , DAVIDSON WILLIAM S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe detection of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) within expressed sequence tags (ESTs) connects potential microsatellite markers with specific genes, generating Type I markers. Using an in silico approach, we identified 1975 SSRs from the Genome Research on Atlantic Salmon Project EST database. We designed primers to amplify 158 SSRs, of which 65 amplified 76 loci (including 11 duplicated loci). Sixty‐one of the 76 loci were variable in 24 Atlantic salmon from seven populations, and 96% of these markers also amplify DNA from other salmonids. Functions for 16 of the SSR associated ESTs have been determined, confirming them as Type I markers.
Development of microsatellite markers in Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach and cross‐species amplification in the Abies genus
Authors: HANSEN O. K. , VENDRAMIN G. G. , SEBASTIANI F. , EDWARDS K. J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach is a widely grown Christmas tree in Denmark, from where it is exported to most of Europe. An ongoing breeding programme is taking place, and as a tool for that, we report the development of five polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. To investigate the potential for transferring the markers to other species in the Abies genus, polymerase chain reaction amplification was tested in 19 other species. In general, amplification occurred in a very high proportion of the tested species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers from mangrove crab, Scylla paramamosain
Authors: TAKANO MASATSUGU , BARINOVA ANNA , SUGAYA TAKUMA , OBATA YASUHIRO , WATANABE TOMOHISA , IKEDA MINORU , TANIGUCHI NOBUHIKO 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe first five variable microsatellite DNA loci for mangrove crab, Scylla paramanosain, were developed. Allelic variation and other characteristics at these loci were examined in this species captured at the Urado Bay, Japan. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 24 to 44. The expected heterozygosity across loci ranged from 0.900 to 0.999 and probability of identity (PI) ranged from 2.8 × 10−3 to 1.7 × 10−2. Therefore, these microsatellite markers could be useful for estimating effect of stock enhancement release and population genetic structure of mangrove crab.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Santalum austrocaledonicum, Santalaceae
Authors: BOTTIN L. , VAILLANT A. , SIRE P. , CARDI C. , BOUVET J. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe forest tree Santalum austrocaledonicum is endemic to the archipelagos of New Caledonia and Vanuatu, and is threatened by the reduction of the populations due to exploitation. In order to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of this species, we developed eight pairs of primers for nuclear microsatellites. These loci were polymorphic in all the populations, with a mean of three to 33 alleles per locus.
Isolation and characterization of twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: ROSEL P. E. , FORGETTA V. , DEWAR K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe developed polymerase chain reaction primers for 12 dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Seven markers were obtained after hybridization screening, and five following random genome sequencing. Orthologous positions were computed for nine markers on the bovine genome and for seven on the human genome. The markers are distributed across chromosomes and found in different types of DNA regions. All 12 loci are polymorphic for Tursiops. Five loci were also polymorphic in the related species Stenella frontalis and the more distantly related river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis, indicating these markers will be informative across the Delphinidae and other cetacean taxa.
DNA microsatellites in Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Authors: MILLER‐SIMS VANESSA , DELANEY MARTHA , ATEMA JELLE , KINGSFORD MICHAEL , GERLACH GABRIELE 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo determine genetic substructuring in populations of the spiny damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus among different reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, we characterized six polymorphic microsatellite loci.
Estimation and adjustment of microsatellite null alleles in nonequilibrium populations
Authors: VAN OOSTERHOUT C. , WEETMAN D. , HUTCHINSON W. F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNonamplified (null) alleles are a common feature of microsatellite genotyping and can bias estimates of allele and genotype frequencies, thereby hindering population genetic analyses. The frequency of microsatellite null alleles in diploid populations can be estimated for populations that are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. However, many microsatellite data sets are from nonequilibrium populations, often with known inbreeding coefficients (F) or fixation indices (FIS or FST). Here, we propose a novel null allele estimator that can be used to estimate the null allele frequency and adjust visible allele frequencies in populations for which independent estimates of F, FIS or FST are available. The algorithm is currently available as an Excel macro that can be downloaded at no cost from http://www.microchecker.hull.ac.uk/ and will be incorporated into the software micro‐checker.
Characterization of eight microsatellite loci in the maize stalk borer Busseola fusca Fuller, 1901 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: FAURE NATHALIE , SILVAIN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe noctuid stem borer Busseola fusca occurs throughout sub‐Saharan Africa, where it is considered as a major pest of corn and sorghum. To understand B. fusca phylogeography, we isolated and characterized eight microsatellite loci in this species. We investigated these loci for polymorphism on a subset sample of individuals from different geographic populations. All loci were polymorphic, showing between four and 10 alleles. Cross‐species amplification of four of these loci was tested on 11 other noctuid species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in sea bass, Lates calcarifer Bloch
Authors: SIM M. P. , OTHMAN A. S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA) technique was used to isolate seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in sea bass, Lates calcarifer Bloch. A total of 62 samples of wild and cultivated sea bass collected from a few populations within Peninsular Malaysia were used in the study. For seven polymorphic loci, the number of alleles ranged from four to nine and locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.710 to 1.000. The loci will be useful for studying population structure, genetic variability of wild and hatchery stocks of L. calcarifer and broodstock management purposes.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the Australasian sea snake, Aipysurus laevis
Authors: LUKOSCHEK VIMOKSALEHI , WAYCOTT MICHELLE , DUNSHEA GLENN 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe developed 13 microsatellite loci for the olive sea snake, Aipysurus laevis, using both enriched and unenriched genomic DNA libraries. Eleven codominant loci, that reliably amplified, were used to screen 32 individuals across the geographic range of A. laevis. Four loci had four or more alleles (maximum 12), whereas the other seven had either two or three. All but one locus was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These loci will provide useful markers to investigate population genetic structure for the olive sea snake.
Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellites in endangered willow Salix hukaoana
Authors: KIKUCHI S. , SUZUKI W. , BAN N. , KANAZASHI A. , YOSHIMARU H. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract Salix hukaoana is an endangered riparian tree that is found and known only in several isolated sites in eastern Japan, and that has been suffering from the loss and fragmentation of its habitat. To investigate the genetic variation and structures of this willow in these sites, eight polymorphic microsatellites with three to eight alleles were characterized. Cross‐species amplification was successful for many of the loci using the congeners Salix sachalinensis and Chosenia arbutifolia. This set of microsatellites will be useful for the study of the spatial genetic structures of S. hukaoana and other coexisting willows suffering from habitat fragmentation in riparian forests.
Ten new highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in the blood clam Scapharca broughtonii
Authors: AN H. Y. , PARK J. Y. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTen novel microsatellite loci were isolated from blood clam Scapharca broughtonii, and the polymorphisms were examined to estimate genetic variability. The genetic variabilities varied depending on the locus. The number of alleles ranged from 11 to 23, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.63 to 0.93 and 0.66 to 0.95, respectively. Four loci showed significant Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at P < 0.05 level. The high variabilities revealed in this study suggest that microsatellites should prove useful for various genetic investigations.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from the great scallop, Pecten maximus (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)
Authors: WATTS PHILLIP C. , MALLANAPHY PAUL J. , MCCARTHY CHRIS , BEUKERS‐STEWART BRYCE D. , MOSLEY MATTHEW W. J. , BRAND ANDREW R. , SACCHERI ILIK J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe isolated and characterized nine polymorphic microsatellite loci from the great scallop (Pecten maximus) as part of an attempt to better understand the population–genetic structure of this species. Levels of genetic diversity were assessed in 32 scallops collected from the coastal waters of Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man. The number of alleles ranged from two to 29 and observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.031 to 0.906 and 0.062 to 0.973, respectively. Two loci showed significant (P < 0.05) heterozygote deficits, likely because of null (nonamplifying) alleles; one pair of loci was in linkage disequilibrium.
A nondestructive, rapid, reliable and inexpensive method to sample, store and extract high‐quality DNA from fish body mucus and buccal cells
Authors: LIVIA LUCENTINI , ANTONELLA PALOMBA , HOVIRAG LANCIONI , MAURO NATALI , PANARA FAUSTO 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA rapid, nondestructive, reproducible and cheap DNA extraction method from body mucus and buccal cells of northern pike and brown trout is described. Buccal cells and body mucus were sampled on FTA Cards; the captured DNA was used directly for microsatellite and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analyses. A complete concordance with control DNA was found. The genotyping error rate for microsatellite ranged from 1.9% to 3.3% for the northern pike and brown trout, respectively. This methodology, using for the first time these materials as a fish DNA source, combines speed of sampling and processing, with a twofold to a threefold time and costs saving.
Isolation and characterization of di‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the yellow‐spotted night lizard Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Squamata: Xantusiidae)
Authors: SINCLAIR ELIZABETH A. , SCHOLL REBECCA , BEZY ROBERT L. , CRANDALL KEITH A. , SITES JACK W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report the development of 17 di‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in the Yellow‐Spotted Night Lizard Lepidophyma flavimaculatum. Levels of heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 100%. Several loci also amplify in other Lepidophyma species and several species of the sister genus Xantusia. High levels of variation at some loci indicate that they will be useful for parentage assessment and population genetic studies, whereas the 15 loci that amplify across multiple Lepidophyma species suggest these will be useful in determining the origin of parthenogenetic populations.
Microsatellite markers for European Daphnia
Authors: BREDE N. , THIELSCH A. , SANDROCK C. , SPAAK P. , KELLER B. , STREIT B. , SCHWENK K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe present 32 polymorphic microsatellite markers for species of the European Daphnia longispina group: D. galeata, D. hyalina, D. rosea, D. cucullata and D. curvirostris. Microsatellite markers were either isolated from genomic libraries or optimized based on previously published sequence information of sister taxa. Cross‐species tests revealed that all but one of the polymorphic markers are applicable to more than one species, which allows intra‐ and interspecific genetic studies on, i.e. population structure, hybridization events and introgression.