bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the effects of stressors and resources on multiple sclerosis among African Americans and Whites
Authors: Johnson Susan K. , Terrell Debra , Sargent Carrie , Kaufman Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe first objective of this study was to explore whether stressors and resources, quality of life and symptom severity differed among African American and White individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The second aim was to examine whether social stressors and resources were related to symptom severity and overall quality of life, regardless of ethnicity. Sixteen African American and 28 White patients completed measures of stressors and resources, symptom severity and quality of life. There were no significant differences among the groups, with the exception of African Americans reporting fewer friend resources and more financial stressors than White participants. Irrespective of ethnicity, greater symptom severity was associated with a poorer quality of life, fewer financial and family resources. Financial and family resources, and positive life events were positively correlated with quality of life. The results indicate that strengthening existing familial support and reducing social stressors in MS patients could impact quality of life, regardless of ethnicity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College student stress: the influence of interpersonal relationships on sense of coherence
Authors: Darling Carol Anderson , McWey Lenore M. , Howard Stacy N. , Olmstead Spencer B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate college student stress, how students cope with stress, and how the stress of renegotiating self and relationships influences one's sense of coherence (SOC). A survey research design was utilized incorporating 596 college students. Using family stress theory, this study examined how stress associated with relationships, level of coping, physical and emotional reactions to stress, and quality of life can be integrated to predict SOC in male and female college students. Findings indicate that female college students experience greater stress from quality of friendships, love relationships and relationships with parents. Whereas emotional health had the greatest effect on SOC for females, family relationships had the greatest effect on SOC for males. Qualitative responses were also examined, providing insight into students' perceptions of stressors. Conclusions and implications for educators, researchers and family therapists are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical evaluation of results of extension of indication for surgery for primary bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Wu Shang‐Fang , Huang Ou‐Lin , Wu Huai‐Shen , Chow Yun‐Chong , Sun Teh‐Kwui , Ron Zhong‐Bei , Cheng Wen‐Hu , Gao Cheng‐Xin , Wu Huai‐Sung , Koo Kai‐Shih 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong 3,120 surgically resected cases (1957–1983) in Shanghai Chest Hospital, 1,476 resections (47.3%) were performed under extended indication. Six categories— (1) aged 70–87 years (102), (2) associated with severe impairment of pulmonary function (25), (3) small‐ceil anaplastic type (143), (4) stage III tesion (1,145), (5) invading carina (29), (6) with disseminated pleural metastasis and effusion (32) — were critically evaluated. For the first four categories, long‐term survival rates were very encouraging, whereas only technical advancement and short‐term results were discussed for the last two. The authors present strategic points significant in availing higher overall operability and hence the overall survival rate, shedding light on the increase of curative potential for lung cancer.
Treatment of advanced cancer of the prostate
Authors: Chisholm Geoffrey D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdvanced cancer of the prostate may be either locally advanced or distant. Staging methods available to define the extent of the disease are relatively imprecise; non‐invasive methods rely on tumour markers and radioiso‐topes; invasive methods range from fine needle aspiration to lymph node dissection. Exact definitions of criteria of response to treatment are essential to evaluate diferent forms of treatment.Primary treatment of metastatic disease is based on hormone manipulation. Those who either never respond or relapse after primary treatment may show some response to further hormone therapy but usually require the combination of radiotherapy and analgesia to control their symptoms. The response rates to chemotherapy are disappointing.
The omentum in malignant diseases
Authors: Abbott William C. , White Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique and applications of omentoplasty are reviewed from the point of view of the surgical oncologist, with particular emphasis on the use of the omentum in (1) gastrointestinal anastomoses, (2) covering peritoneal defects or radical intra‐abdominal operations for neoplastic disease, (3) urological complications, (4) breast cancer, (5) abdominal and chest wall resections, (6) the prevention of arterial graft erosions, and (7) the treatment of lymphoedema and chemotherapeutic burns. Complications are discussed as well as future prospects.
Registry and follow‐up systems of trophoblastic disease in Japan
Authors: Kawashima Yoshiro , Maeda Makoto , Fujii Toshiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith recent progress in chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with trophoblastic disease has greatly improved, but the remission rate of patients with choriocarcinoma remains unfavorable. To improve the prognosis of these patients, early detection and early treatment are essential. Under the leadership of the Committee of Trophoblastic Disease of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, regional registries of trophoblastic disease were started in 1974. By 1982 14 prefectures with a total population of 46,893,620 were included in the registry. The early detection and treatment and follow‐up made possible by the legistry in addition to the introduction of advanced chemotherapy may be responsible for a rapidly decreasing trend in the death rate from this disease.
Radical hysterectomy for cancer of the uterine cervix
Authors: Sekiba Kaoru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA recent modification of radical hysterectomy for cancer of the uterine cervix is described in detail. This modification of the Okabayashi operation has shown improved reliability and safety. Because of the extensive resection of supporting ligaments and loose connective tissue, bleeding may be induced and a wide operation field is necessary to prevent injury to the pelvic viscera.
Primary tumors of the heart: A review with emphasis on diagnosis and potential treatment modalities
Authors: Becker Richard C. , Loeffler Jay S. , Leopold Kenneth A. , Underwood Donald A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary cardiac tumors, while uncommon, are not rare neoplasms. They occur in individuals of all ages. A variety of benign and malignant tumors has been described. Presenting signs and symptoms mimic numerous systemic and cardiac disease states. Echocardiography, catheterizatton, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are diagnostic tools available to the physician. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are curative measures for many benign cardiac tumors. Malignant variants are uniformly unresponsive to treatment.
Localization of neuroendocrjne tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Carrasco C. Humberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas is based on clinical, biochemical, and ultrastructural data. The different radiological modalities are employed only for localization, except in the case of nonftinctioning neoplasms, for which a differential diagnosis from adeno‐carcinoma can be suggested based on the radiographic images. Generally, the initial evaluation should consist of the noninvasive studies and should be complemented by angiography and, in cases of functioning neoplasms, with pancreatic venous sampling if the preliminary findings are inconclusive. However, the localizing work‐up should be terminated when the information obtained is sufficient to determine the therapy that will follow. If the ultrasonic or computed tomographic findings preclude surgical resection, further work‐up is obviously unnecessary.
Photosensitization of malignant tumors
Authors: Dougherty Thomas J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is a new, experimental method of treating malignant tumors by utilizing the relatively selective retention of the photosen‐sitizer (hematoporphyrin derivative or dihematoporphyrin ether) and its ability to elicit an efficient photodynamic reaction upon activation with penetrating viable light. Application of this therapy to tumors in the bronchus, bladder, skin, and several other sites has demonstrated both safety and efficacy, even in advanced cases. Eradication of early stage tumors in the bronchus and bladder has been demonstrated. Selective retention of the photosensitizers in tumors is apparently related to the relatively large size of the aggregates of these materials causing phagocytosis by reticuloendothelial cells as well as preventing rapid clearance from tumor interstitial fluid and subsequent uptake in lipophylic components of cells. Upon light activation, generally delivered from lasers via fiber optics, the sensitizers generate singlet oxygen, the apparent cytotoxic agent, causing both vascular damage and injury to tumor cells.
The changing role of surgery in the treatment of primary liver cancer
Authors: Tang Zhao‐You , Yu Ye‐Qin , Zhou Xin‐Da 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor decades, the role of surgery in the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) was important but limited. However, a comparison of pathologically proven PLC during the three periods 1958–1966, 1967–1975, and 1976–1984 revealed that as a result of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) serosurvey, changing concepts in surgical oncology, and introduction of new surgical modalities, the role of surgery has become greater. The increasing proportion of subclinical PLC (0, 7.2, and 21.2%) has favored the increasing series resection rate (16.1, 34.7, and 39.6%) and palliative surgery (13.7, 17.0, and 29.8%). The results indicated that early resection, reoperation for subclinical recurrence, resection of huge PLC in stages, and combination of palliative surgery other than resection might be responsible for the increasing 5‐year survival rate (1.7, 7.1, and 19.5%) in the entire series.
Minute lesions of esophageal cancer
Authors: Endo Mitsuo , Takemoto Tadayoshi , Shirakabe Hikoo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐four cases of minute esophageal cancer (1 cm or less in the greatest dimension) were collected and analyzed. Of these 67% were mucosal cancer and 28% were submucosal cancer. Prognosis was anticipated to be good as there was only one case of lymph node metastasis and three of vascular invasion. A lesion of 1 cm can be regarded as curable regardless of its depth of invasion. The endoscopic approach with use of a dye staining technique is useful for detection of or screening for minute esophageal cancer.
Endoscopic laser treatment of superficial esophageal cancer
Authors: Fujimaki Masao , Nakayama Komei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, lasers are being increasingly applied in die treatment of cancers of various organs, including the esophagus. In the present multiinstitu‐tional series, two lesions in two cases were successfully treated with die high‐energy Nd‐YAG laser and 15 lesions in 14 cases were treated with the low‐energy argon dye laser following photosensitization with hemato‐porphyrin derivative. Although satisfactory results were obtained in most cases, it was concluded that the equipment and photosensitizer require improvements.
Significance of residual tumor at the esophageal stump after resection for carcinoma
Authors: Lin Xunshenc , Wu Xia , Chen Baotian , Wu Yingkai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResidual tumor at the esophageal stump was found in 103, or 14.3%, of a series of 719 resected esophageal specimens for carcinoma. The residual tumor pathologically presented as basal epithelial‐cell carcinomatous change in 16 (15.5%), carcinoma in situ in 26 (25.5%), invasive carcinoma in 51 (49.5%), and cancerous emboli in 6 (5.8%) cases. A follow‐up study of the 719 patients showed that the long‐term survival rate of those with residual tumor was significantly lower than that of those without. Factors of occurrence besides inadequate resection were ana‐layzed, and indications of surgical treatment were recommended. The presence of residual tumor is not an important factor in the development of anastomotic leakage.
Historical developments in familial polyposis coli
Authors: Bussey H. J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe emergence of familial polyposis coli from the general group of conditions with multiple polyps of the large intestine into a well‐defined separate entity started when histopathology became a science. The recognition of its two main features — inheritance as a Mendelian dominant characteristic and its high incidence of associated colorectal cancer — greatly helped in establishing a policy of treatment designed to prevent cancer. The removal of all or most of the large intestine before cancer had supervened has had considerable success in reducing the cancer incidence. However, the more recent awareness that the adenomas can frequently be found also in the upper gastrointestinal tract has introduced new problems, the solution of which is currently a matter of investigation.
Genetic markers of colonic neoplasia
Authors: Wolman Sandra R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenomas and polyposis syndromes can be viewed as stages preceding the development of colonic cancer. Genetic markers of these stages have potential value in diagnosis and in investigation of biological mechanisms and consequences of cancer‐predisposing genes. No reliable markers for premalignant states are yet available, but unambiguous gene markers for familial polyposis will probably be identified in the near future. They will clarify relationships among the hereditary colon cancer syndromes and possibly help to define the sequence of malignant transformation in sporadic cancers as well.
Chromosomal abnormalities in patients with familial polyposis and colorectal cancer
Authors: Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA search for chromosomal (cytogenetic, karyotypic) changes with specificity for familial polyposis coli (FPC) and related conditions has not been successful. The cytogenetic anomalies described to date (chromosomal instability, tetraploidy, structural anomalies) are not only nonspecific and inconsistent but may also be seen in other congenital conditions predisposing to cancer of various organs. However, this does not mean that some (eg, tetraploidy) of the changes cannot be used as indices in the study and evaluation of affected individuals and their family members. Future application of DNA probes may be more successful in establishing genetic anomalies unique to FPC and related disorders.
Counseling families with hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes
Authors: Krush Anne J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCounseling for families with one of the hereditary polyposis and/or colon cancer syndromes can be offered by a number of different professional persons depending upon the emotional needs of the counselee. It is sometimes difficult to persuade at‐risk persons in polyposis families to institute a medical surveillance plan with their physicians because of their reactions to knowledge (or lack of it) of the family diagnosis. Counseling may reveal both emotional and financial problems as deterrents to needed medical planning. Support organizations and explanatory literature are helpful in allaying fears and promoting compliance.
The role of the oncogene c‐myc in sporadic large bowel cancer and familial polyposis coli
Authors: Rothberg Paul C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human myc gene is homologous to the v‐myc gene, which was discovered in the avian oncogenic retrovirus MC29. Abnormally high expression of the cellular oncogenes is suspected to be involved in nonviral carcinogenesis. This article reviews the evidence that elevated expression of the human myc gene is involved in sporadic colon carcinoma and familial polyposis coli. The abundance of myc RNA and protein is frequently higher in colorectal cancer than in normal mucosa. The mechanism of this altered expression is obscure because the structure and quantity of myc DNA are very rarely disturbed. The COL0320 cell line is discussed as one unusual example of myc DNA rearrangement and amplification. There is a correlation between tumor‐specific elevated myc RNA level and location in the bowel; tumors distal to the transverse colon are more likely to have elevated myc expression. The site distribution of unselected colorectal malignancies with an elevated myc RNA level is similar to the site distribution of familial polyposis coli tumors. With this observation it is suggested that elevated myc RNA may be a marker of a distinct type of colorectal cancer that involves the same genetic events as precede familial polyposis coli cancer.
Planned simple carotid resection in surgery of paraganglioma fixed to the carotid artery
Authors: Li Shu‐Ling 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 25 surgically treated cases (1956‐1986) of paraganglioma, eleven underwent simple carotid resection. The collateral cerebral crossflow was promoted preoperatively with the use of compressing exercises of the carotid artery and controlled by rheoencephalography. There was no operative mortality. One died with a malignant lesion, and nine survived 3 months to 21 years without cerebrovascular complications. It appears that this procedure is worthwhile in selected cases.
Carcinoma of the salivary gland: A clinicopathologic study of 405 cases
Authors: Yu Guang‐Yan , Ma Da‐Quan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour hundred five cases with carcinoma of salivary glands were analyzed clinicopathologically; 181 tumors were located in parotid, 52 were in submandibular, 21 were in sublingual, and 151 were in minor salivary glands. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common histologic types. The overall 3‐, 5‐, lo‐, and 15‐year survival rates were 77.8%, 69.6%, 55.8%, and 36.7%, respectively. The difference between survival and recurrence‐free survival rate was 9%. The prognosis of acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was much better than that of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The survival rates of minor salivary gland tumors was the highest, and those of submandibular gland tumors were the lowest. Postoperative radiotherapy improved the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The overall recurrence rate was 40.2%; the cervical lymph node metastases rate was 15.3%, and the distant metastases rate was 11.1%.
Interscapulo‐mammothoracic amputation for advanced breast cancer
Authors: Ariel Irving M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique for a major amputation for far‐advanced breast cancer is described. The indications are those patients who have exhausted all accepted forms of treatment and who have a fixed large and often ulcerated cancer affecting the axilla and usually making the arm useless. Several examples of patients on whom this operation was performed are presented.
Prognostic factors for local recurrence and survival in patients with localized extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Collin Charles F. , Friedrich Claudia , Godbold James , Hajdu Steven , Brennan Murray F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe charts of 423 patients with localized extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma treated at our institution over a 10‐year period (1968–1978) were reviewed. Data were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis, with independent variables in the multivariate analysis appearing in capital letters. Factors associated with an increased risk of local recurrence included the following: AGE > 53; PRESENTATION WITH RECURRENT DISEASE; HIGH TUMOR GRADE; positive regional nodes; TREATMENT BY LIMB‐SPARING SURGERY (LSS); invasion of vital structures (LSS only); INADEQUATE MARGINS; and biopsy with delayed definitive resection. Survival was adversely affected by the following: AGE > 53; PAINFUL MASS; PROXIMAL SITE; SIZE > 10 cm; HIGH TUMOR GRADE; POSITIVE NODES; invasion of vital structures; TREATMENT BY AMPUTATION; INADEQUATE MARGINS; and local recurrence after treatment at our institution. Significant variations in both local recurrence and survival according to histopathology were also observed, with EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ANGIOSARCOMA, and MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE TUMORS emerging as independent predictors of local recurrence. Using the Cox models for local recurrence and survival, patients were stratified into high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk categories based on the presence or absence of each variable. Risk factor analysis should be part of the overall evaluation of each patient with extremity sarcoma.
Review of the clinical trials activity of the soft tissue and bone sarcoma group of the european organization for research and treatment of cancer
Authors: Bramwell Vivien H. C. , Santoro A. , Rouesse J. , Mouridsen H. , Steward W. , Van Oosterom A. , Somers R. , Buesa J. , Mulder J. , Schutte J. , Pinedo H. , Blackledge G. , Wagener T. , Dombernowky P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDespite the low incidence of sarcomas, the Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group has established itself as one of the more active cooperative groups of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Performing over a 10 yr period three phase III protocols (total entry 750 patients), three randomized phase II studies (464 patients), a pilot combination study (185 patients), and 12 phase II studies (406 patients). The new randomized phase III protocol for advanced soft‐tissue sarcoma will provide an interesting test of the validity of the current membership policy, which has not discouraged the participation of enthusiastic new members. For extremity sarcomas, improved surgical techniques have increased the number of patients retaining functional limbs but have maintained excellent rates of local control. However, systemic metastasis remains a significant problem and presents a challenge for future adjuvant studies.
Intraarterial chemotherapy of soft‐tissue sarcomas
Authors: Bramwell Vivien H. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review compares the results of preoperative intraarterial chemotherapy delivered by various methods, such as intraarterial injection/infusion, tourniquet infusion, and isolation perfusion, with the results achieved by pre‐ and postoperative radiotherapy. The histological heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas adds to the inherent difficulties of comparing results across studies. There is a clear need for randomized studies to directly compare these treatment modalities in similar patient populations. Patients with these rare tumors would benefit from the expertise of multidisciplin‐ary teams available at the larger centers. Metastatic spread, which even with the highest rates of local control, occurs in approximately 30% of high grade soft tissue sarcomas, represents a continuing challenge, and innovative approaches are needed to control systemic disease.