bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing cognitive vulnerability and stress from the perspective of the hopelessness theory: A multi‐wave longitudinal study of children of affectively ill parents
Authors: Abela John R. Z. , McGirr Alexander 
Published: March 2007

ObjectivesThe current study tested the diathesis‐stress component of the hopelessness theory (HT) in a sample of youth using (1) a weakest link approach towards operationalizing cognitive vulnerability (e.g. a child's degree of vulnerability is determined by his/her most depressogenic inferential style; DIS) and (2) an idiographic approach towards operationalizing high stress (e.g. high stress is when a child is experiencing a level of stress that is higher than his/her own average level of stress). We also examined whether the association between within‐subject fluctuations in hassles and depressive symptoms in cognitively vulnerable youth was moderated by absolute stress levels (the between‐subject effect of stress).DesignA multi‐wave longitudinal design was used to examine whether the association between within‐subject fluctuations in hassles and depressive symptoms was moderated by a depressogenic weakest link.MethodsAt Time 1, 140 children (between 6 and 14 years of age) of parents with a history of major depressive episodes completed measures assessing DISs and depressive symptoms. Every 6 weeks, for the subsequent year, children completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and hassles.ResultsThe results of hierarchical linear modelling analyses indicated that a depressogenic weakest link was associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in hassles in girls but not in boys.ConclusionsResults provide partial support for the applicability of the diathesis‐stress component of the HT to youth. Integration of the current findings with those obtained in past research examining the diathesis‐stress component of the hopelessness theory in youth suggests the utilization of an idiographic approach to examining vulnerability‐stress theories may potentially lead to an increased understanding of gender differences in depression.
Immunomagnetic CD45 depletion does not improve cytokeratin 20 RT-PCR in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ausch Christoph , Dandachi Nadia , Buxhofer-Ausch Veronika , Balic Marija , Huber Klaus , Bauernhofer Thomas , Ogris Emil , Hinterberger Wolfgang , Braun Stephan , Schiessel Rudolf 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Background: Cytokeratin 20 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (CK20 RT-PCR) of blood and bone marrow specimens has been suggested for assessment of hematogenously disseminated tumor cell (DTC) spread in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Considerable discrepancies among the studies reported indicate a need for better evaluation procedures. We investigated whether mononucleated cell (MNC) enrichment by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation followed by immunomagnetic depletion of CD45-positive cells (extended enrichment) allows better detection of DTC-associated CK20 mRNA compared to MNC enrichment by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation alone (Ficoll enrichment).

Methods: We analyzed 53 samples [38 peripheral blood (PB), 15 bone marrow (BM)] from 38 CRC patients. Extended enrichment was performed for 30 specimens (PB and BM, n=15 each), and Ficoll enrichment for 23 blood specimens. Total RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR using a LightCycler instrument.

Results: Despite extended enrichment, 10 PB and 8 BM samples could not be analyzed because of low cellular yield. The depletion efficiency of CD45 separation was 2 log. RT-PCR of the housekeeping gene PBGD resulted in high and varied crossing point values (mean 37.1+3.0) for five PB and seven BM specimens. Ficoll enrichment yielded 23 analyzable blood specimens for which the mean crossing point value was 26.7+0.5 in PBGD RT-PCR. CK20 RT-PCR of 23 blood samples (all from Dukes D patients) revealed CK20 transcripts in four cases (17%).

Conclusions: Extended enrichment was not superior to Ficoll enrichment; in fact, the sensitivity was lower. Improvement of the reported CK20 RT-PCR assay of Ficoll-enriched MNC populations is warranted.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:351–6.
Die Unerwünschten als Feinde: Die Exklusion von Menschen aus dem status personae
Authors: Sánchez Jesús-María Silva 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

I. Einführung

1. Feinde und Nicht-Personen
Ein guter Teil der strafrechtlichen Diskussion des letzten Jahrzehnts ist auf zwei grundlegende, von Jakobs eingeführte Unterscheidungen zurückzuführen. Erstens soll auf dem Gebiet der Kriminalpolitik zwischen einem „Bürgerstrafrecht“ und einem „Feindstrafrecht“ zu differenzieren sein. Und zweitens sei unter rechtsphilosophischen und, darauf aufbauend, dogmatischen Gesichtspunkten im (Straf)Recht zwischen „Personen“ und „Nicht-Personen“ zu differenzieren. Beide Unterscheidungen sind nicht deckungsgleich; vielmehr lassen sie sich theoretisch in beliebiger Weise kombinieren. Denkbar wären damit sowohl ein „Bürger(straf)recht für Personen“ als auch ein „Bürger(straf)recht für Nicht-Personen“ und genauso ein „Feind(straf)recht für Personen“ wie ein „Feind(straf)recht für Nicht-Personen“.
Die Abgrenzung zwischen strafloser Vorbereitung und strafbarem Versuch im deutschen, europäischen und im Völkerstrafrecht
Authors: Safferling Christoph J. M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

I. Einleitung: ein Problem – drei Antworten?

1. Ein Problem: Die Abgrenzung zwischen Vorbereitung und Versuch
Die Frage nach der Abgrenzung zwischen strafloser Vorbereitung und strafbarem Versuch ist ein Dauerbrenner strafrechtlicher Dogmatik und Kriminalpolitik. So behauptete Frank 1931, eine saubere Grenze sei bislang nicht gefunden und „wohl überhaupt nicht möglich“. Mehr als 70 Jahre danach gibt es keinen großen Durchbruch zu vermelden. Es ist durchaus fraglich, welche grundsätzliche politische Direktive einem demokratischen Strafrecht gut ansteht. In beiden Bereichen, Dogmatik und Kriminalpolitik streiten seit jeher zwei Strömungen: die objektive und die subjektive Theorie. Die Suche nach dem Strafgrund des Versuchs führt unmittelbar zu der Frage nach der Legitimität von Strafe überhaupt. Die Frage nach dem Strafgrund des Versuchs hängt nicht nur mit der Bestimmung der Abgrenzung zwischen Vorbereitung und Versuch inhaltlich zusammen, sondern behandelt letztlich das gleiche Problem auf einer unterschiedlichen Ebene. Die subjektive Theorie geht davon aus, dass der verbrecherische Wille, jedenfalls sobald er sich nach außen manifestiert hat, strafwürdig genug ist. Hingegen verlangt die objektive Theorie die Existenz einer Gefahr. Zugleich wird häufig darauf hingewiesen, dass die Frage nach dem Strafgrund einfach zu beantworten sei. Er unterscheide sich nicht vom Strafgrund für das vollendete Delikt; beides läge im Angriff auf ein Rechtsgut. Das mag richtig sein oder falsch, die Aussage ist jedenfalls so pauschal, dass sie für die Frage, ob eine tatsächliche Gefährdung notwendig ist oder nicht, unergiebig scheint.
Selective neuronal damage and chronic hemodynamic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroshi , Kudoh Takashi , Kishibe Yoshihiko , Iwasaki Jinei , Kagawa Shinya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveIn atherothrombotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusive disease, chronic hemodynamic compromise may increase the risk for cerebral ischemic damage. To determine whether selective neuronal damage demonstrated as a decrease in central benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) in the normal‐appearing cerebral cortex is associated with increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) (misery perfusion).MethodsWe measured BZR and OEF using positron emission tomography in 105 nondisabled patients with atherothrombotic internal carotid artery or MCA occlusive disease and no cortical infarction. By using three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projections and the stereotactic extraction estimation method, without correction for partial volume effects, the abnormally decreased BZR index [(the extent of the pixels with Z‐score more than 2 compared with controls) × (average Z‐score in those pixels)] in the cerebral cortex of the MCA distribution with arterial disease was calculated, and it was found to be correlated with the mean hemispheric value of OEF and several clinical variables.ResultsAll patients had pixels with abnormally decreased BZR, with the extent varying from 0.04 to 60.91%. Multivariate analysis showed that the abnormally decreased BZR index was positively correlated with the value of OEF and the history of stroke, whereas it was negatively correlated with the presence of hypercholesterolemia with statin treatment. Follow‐up examinations of 17 patients without ischemic episode showed that a decrease of BZR was associated with an increase of OEF.InterpretationIn atherothrombotic internal carotid artery or MCA occlusive disease, misery perfusion may cause selective neuronal damage, and statins might have beneficial effects against neuronal damage. Ann Neurol 2007
Preparation and characterization of polyaniline–polypyrrole composite from polyaniline dispersions
Authors: Xing Shuangxi , Zhao Chun , Zhou Tieli , Jing Shengyu , Wang Zichen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyaniline–polypyrrole (PANI‐PPy) composite was prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole in PANI dispersion using FeCl3·6H2O as oxidant and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as surfactant. Different synthesis conditions of PANI dispersion including the relative concentration of aniline and SDBS and the amount of acid (HCl) on the morphology and conductivity of the resulting composites were investigated. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and contact angles of the composites showed there existed certain interaction between PANI (or PANI‐SDBS) and PPy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3523–3529, 2007
Effect of chemical interaction on morphology and mechanical properties of CPI‐OH/SiO2 hybrid films with coupling agent
Authors: Qin Jiaqiang , Zhao Hui , Zhu Rongqi , Zhang Xinyuan , Gu Yi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel hybrid film composed of copolyimide with hydroxyl group, silica and γ‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (CPI‐OH/SiO2/GOTMS) was prepared by the sol–gel process based on hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) under acidic condition. GOTMS, as the coupling agent, and hydroxyl group in PI chain were used to improve the compatibility between the PI and SiO2. The components, morphologies, and mechanical properties of the hybrids were investigated by FTIR, UV–vis, SEM, stress–strain tests, and DMA. The results showed that SiO2 particle size significantly decreased, fractured cross sections of hybrid were rougher, and the surfaces of spherical SiO2 particles were more widely covered by PI component. The tensile mechanical properties of hybrids increased when adding GOTMS. The critical points of maximum tensile strength and elongation at break move from 11 to 16 wt % SiO2 content. DMA results showed that the storage moduli of hybrids with GOTMS, when above 260°C, were obviously higher than those without GOTMS; the tan δ transition temperature of hybrid films went up from 317 to 337°C. It suggests that chemical interaction between CPI‐OH and SiO2 is formed and the PI molecular mobility is restricted by the chemical interaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3530–3538, 2007
Effect of diphenyldisulfides with different substituents on the reclamation of NR based latex products
Authors: Rajan V. V. , Dierkes W. K. , Joseph R. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe latex industry has expanded over the years to meet the world demands for gloves, condoms, latex thread etc. Because of the strict specifications for the products and the unstable nature of the latex, as high as 15% of the final latex products are rejected. Since waste latex rubber (WLR) represents a source of high quality rubber hydrocarbon, it is a potential candidate for generating reclaimed rubber of superior quality. Two types of WLR with different amounts of polysulfidic bridges are used in these experiments, which are reclaimed with variation of the concentration of the reclaiming agents, the reclamation temperature and time. Diphenyldisulfide, 2‐aminophenyldisulfide and 2,2′‐dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfide (DBADPDS) are used as reclaiming agents, and the effect of diphenyldisulfides (DPDS) with different substituents, on the reclamation efficiency of WLR is investigated. A kinetic study of the reclamation reaction with the three reclaiming agents is done. The reaction rates and activation energies are calculated and compared with literature values. The comparative study of the three different reclaiming agents shows that (DBADPDS) is able to break the crosslinks at temperature levels ∼ 20°C below the temperature levels normally used with DPDS. Another advantage of this reclaiming agent is the reduced smell during the reclamation process and of the final reclaims, one of the most important shortcomings of other disulfides used for this purpose. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3562–3580, 2007
New approach to fabricate densificated continuous fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene composites with significantly improved interfacial bonding and mechanical properties
Authors: Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn unique two‐step technique to fabricate densified continuous fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites with significantly improved interfacial bonding and mechanical properties have been successfully developed. The technique is conventional sintering followed by resin film infusion (RFI). The mechanical properties of the composites were studied, and results show that the composites have significantly improved interfacial bonding and mechanical properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3588–3591, 2007
Physik und Politik in der frühen Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Max Born, Werner Heisenberg und Pascual Jordan als politische Grenzgänger
Authors: Schirrmacher Arne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhysics and Politics in the Early Federal Republic of Germany. Max Born, Werner Heisenberg and Pascual Jordan between Scientific and Political Discourse. – Contrasting the historiography of two major developments in 20th century German history, the creation of quantum mechanics in 1925 and the dispute on the nuclear armament of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957, the question is raised to which extent the scientific culture was able to bridge political disagreement within the German physicists' community. A twofold story of the private and public exchange between Max Born, Werner Heisenberg and Pascual Jordan among others on the scientists' position to nuclear armament on the one hand and the writing of the history of quantum mechanics on the other hand displays different types of relating scientific work and moral responsibility. Neither politics nor science went on unaltered after the disputes between physics and politics in the early Federal Republic of Germany.
Editorial. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte: Zum dreißigsten Jahrgang
Authors: Wahrig Bettina , Ash Mitchell G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEditorial: «Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte» – on its 30th volume. – The current Vice‐President and President of the «Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsgeschichte – Société d'Histoire des Sciences – Society for History of Science» commemorate the publication of the 30th volume of its journal Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte with a brief overview of the journal's history and development, which is also presented as a contribution to the history of the Society itself.
Image-guided surgery of liver metastases by three-dimensional ultrasound-based optoelectronic navigation
Authors: Beller S , Hünerbein M , Lange T , Eulenstein S , Gebauer B , Schlag P M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Background
Vessel-oriented surgery and tumour-free resection margins are essential for resection of liver metastases to preserve liver parenchyma and improve oncological outcome. Preoperative three-dimensional models reconstructed from imaging data could facilitate surgical planning with the use of navigation technology.

Methods
Thirty-three patients with central and/or impalpable liver metastases were scheduled for navigated hepatic resection. Intraoperative three-dimensional ultrasonography and an infrared-based optical tracking system were used for data registration and image-guided surgery. Postoperative three-dimensional data were compared with the preoperative virtual surgical plan to assess the accuracy of navigation, and clinical results were compared with those of a matched control group of 32 patients.

Results
Navigation was successful in 32 of 33 patients. Realization of the preoperative plan and R0 resection was achieved in 30 of these 32 patients. The median discrepancy between the planned and actual vascular dissection level was 6 (range 0–11) mm. There was a reduced rate of R1 resection in the navigated group compared with the control group (two versus four patients), and more parenchyma was preserved.

Conclusion
Three-dimensional ultrasound-based optoelectronic navigation technology improves intraoperative orientation and enables parenchyma-preserving surgery with high precision.
Virtual endoscopy using multidetector‐row CT for coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Hayabuchi Yasunobu , Mori Kazuhiro , Kagami Shoji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to report the clinical value of virtual endoscopy using multidetector‐row CT (MDCT) for coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We studied 10 consecutive patients with PDA undergoing cardiac catheterization and coil occlusion. All patients had previously undergone MDCT, and subsequently underwent transcatheter closure of ductus. MDCT evaluations were performed again in 1–3 months after occlusion. Virtual endoscopy showed the anatomy of the orifice of the ductus and spatial relations of adjacent structures from both the aortic and pulmonary sides in all patients. We were able to observe the inner space, and fly through the PDA. This approach is the virtual view of the catheter advancing during coil occlusion. Following occlusion, visualization of the coil can also be established by viewing from inside. Coil protrusion into the aortic and pulmonary sides was clearly observed. Virtual endoscopy provides unique information regarding the ductal lumen that is of use for the coil occlusion of PDA. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Antibacterial Dibromotyrosine Derived Alkaloid Purpuramine‐K.
Authors: Reddy S. Malla , Srinivasulu M. , Venkateswarlu Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Education predicts quality of life among men with prostate cancer cared for in the department of Veterans affairs
Authors: Knight Sara J. , Latini David M. , Hart Stacey L. , Sadetsky Natalia , Kane Christopher J. , DuChane Janeen , Carroll Peter R. ,   the CaPSURE Investigators
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Previous findings have suggested that patient educational attainment is related to cancer stage at presentation and treatment for localized prostate cancer, but there is little information on education and quality of life outcomes. Patient education level and quality of life were examined among men diagnosed with prostate cancer and cared for within an equal‐access health care system, the Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration (VA).METHODS.Participants were 248 men with prostate cancer cared for in the VA and enrolled in CaPSURE. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to examine quality of life over time according to education level, controlling for age, ethnicity, income, site of clinical care, and year of diagnosis.RESULTS.Patients with lower levels of education tended to be younger, nonwhite, and have lower incomes. Controlling for age, ethnicity, income, year of diagnosis, and site, men with less formal education, compared with those with more, had worse functioning in the physical (P = .0248), role physical (P = .0048), role emotional (P = .0089), vitality (P = .0034), mental health (P = .0054), social function (P = .0056), and general health (P = .0002) domains and worse urinary (P = .003) and sexual (P = .0467) side effects.CONCLUSIONS.Men with less education experienced worse health‐related quality of life across a wide range of domains and greater urinary and sexual symptoms than their peers who had more education. Clinicians should be aware that, even within an equal access to health care system, men with less education are vulnerable, having greater difficulty functioning in their daily lives after their prostate cancer treatment. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Effects of neonatal novelty exposure on sexual behavior, fear, and stress‐response in adult rats
Authors: Benetti Fernando , Andrade de Araujo Paulo , Luiz Sanvitto Gilberto , Lucion Aldo Bolten 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEnvironmental stimuli in early life may result in permanent behavioral and physiological changes. Present study evaluated the effects of exposing pups to a novel environment on behaviors (open‐field test and sexual behavior) and prolactin stress‐responses in adult male rats. Half of a litter was daily removed outside (OUT) from the nest and stimulated by handling for 3 min, while the other half remained inside (IN) the nest and was also handled for the same period during the first 10 days postpartum. Maternal behavior after all the pups were returned to the nest was not different between IN and OUT littermates. In adulthood, OUT males showed increased general and central locomotion activity in the open‐field test, reduced sexual behavior, and attenuated prolactin secretion in response to restraint stress compared with the IN littermates. The repeated exposition of rat pups to a novel environment is a causal factor for the long‐lasting behavioral and endocrine changes. The premature exposition of the pup to unfamiliar environments decreases fear and stress‐response, and also reduces sexual behavior. We suggest that the absence of the odor of the mother may be crucial to explain the effects detected in adulthood. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 258–264, 2007.
Prenatal cocaine and other substance exposure: Effects on infant autonomic regulation at 7 months of age
Authors: Schuetze Pamela , Eiden Rina D. , Coles Claire D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and autonomic regulation at 7 months of age. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were obtained from 154 (79 exposed, and 75 nonexposed) infants during baseline and tasks designed to elicit positive and negative affect. Cocaine‐exposed infants had higher HR during the positive affect task. There was a significant suppression of RSA during the negative affect task for nonexposed infants but not for exposed infants. Fetal growth and maternal caregiving behavior did not mediate or moderate this association. These results provide additional support for an association between prenatal cocaine exposure and dysregulation during infancy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 276–289, 2007.