bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Galicia study of mental health of the Elderly II: the use of the Galician DIS
Authors: Mateos R. , Droux A. , Páramo M. , Gonzalez F. , Carrera I. , Mazaira J. , Guntin L. , Gonzalez P. , García M.C. , Rodriguez‐López A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractReports of epidemiological surveys do not always provide adequate careful descriptions of the methodology used and the sociocultural context involved. Galicia, a natural region in south‐west Europe, possesses certain characteristics that differ from those in other communities within the Spanish state. Galician is a Romance language, which is, in fact, closer to Portuguese than it is to Spanish. The population (2.7 million inhabitants) is widely dispersed, with two‐thirds of them living in the countryside. More than 18% are older than 65, and the educational level of this elderly population is low. A total of 681 persons over 60 years of age were interviewed in their homes using the DIS‐III as the main diagnostic instrument during the second phase of the Galicia Study of Mental Health of the Elderly. This paper analyses some methodological implications of this epidemiological study, focusing on the translation of the DIS into Galician and its performance and acceptability in this community. The possible cultural bias that can affect the rates of prevalence in some specific disorders, the limitations of lifetime prevalence and the advantages of using six‐month prevalence rates is discussed. Besides some interesting anecdotes, which are described in the article, the main result is the very high acceptance of DIS‐III in this elderly population. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Studying the incidence of depression: an ‘interval’ effect
Authors: Murphy Jane M. , Monson Richard R. , Laird Nan M. , Sobol Arthur M. , Leighton Alexander H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA review of studies about the incidence of depression suggested that the length of the ‘interval’ of follow up may influence the findings. Exploration of these issues is carried out using data from the Stirling County Study, an investigation of psychiatric epidemiology in a general population.The study's customary method of diagnosis, DePression and AnXiety (DPAX), and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were used in an incidence investigation whose ‘interval’ was less than three years. Average annual incidence rates of depression for both DPAX and DIS were about 15 per 1000. Where longer intervals were used in the Stirling Study, rates were close to four per 1000. Projected lifetime risk based on the lower rates was more congruent with reported lifetime prevalence than that based on the higher rates.Irrespective of method, 90% or more of the incident cases gave an onset that predated the initial interview, suggesting poor reliability. This was often due to the fact that information given in the first interview met some but not all of the criteria for diagnosis. Being in the ‘borderline’ category at the beginning of the study significantly increased incidence.Thus, evidence from the Stirling County Study replicated findings that suggest an ‘interval effect’ and pointed to the need in incidence studies for distinguishing between the onset of the prodrome and the onset of diagnosable depression. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A pilot survey of geriatric psychiatrists' views on the use of electroconvulsive therapy in fractures
Authors: Dighe‐Deo Deepa , Shah Ajit 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPsychiatrists are cautious in administering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to patients with fractures and bony disease for fear of complications. Drawing on the collective experience of geriatric psychiatrists may allow a better understanding of the use of ECT in fractures. The views of all consultant geriatric psychiatrists in west London on the use of ECT in patients with fractures were acquired by a questionnaire survey based on two fictitious case vignettes. Most geriatric psychiatrists would use ECT in the two cases. Moreover, they would almost always seek specialist advice from orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthetists before and during the course of ECT. These findings were consistent with the existing anecdotal literature of case‐reports. As individual geriatric psychiatrists and general psychiatrists are likely to see only a few patients with fractures requiring ECT, randomized and controlled studies of efficacy and side effects are not possible. A questionnaire survey of a larger multi‐centre sample of geriatric psychiatrists and general psychiatrists can build on this pilot study by using a modified questionnaire to provide more detailed and clinically relevant information. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
On the application of the CES‐D with the elderly: dimensional structure and artifacts resulting from oppositely worded items
Authors: Matschinger Herbert , Schork Astrid , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Angermeyer Matthias C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn order to avoid ‘acquiescence’ (a tendency to give a positive response to a question or agree with it regardless of its content) it is a common strategy to use ‘oppositely worded’ questions in rating scales – questions where one part asserts and the other denies the content of the dimension. We investigated the structure and applicability of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) by studying a sample of 986 individuals over 75 years of age within the Leipzig Longitudinal Study in the Aged. Results show that care should be taken when the CES‐D is employed, particularly with an elderly population and the sumscore should not be used as a statistic for depression. The results may serve as an indication that oppositely worded items do not necessarily solve the problem of ‘acquiescence’ but rather may distort both the dimensional structure and the reliability of the scale. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Multivariate linear regression analysis of childhood psychopathology using multiple informant data
Authors: Goldwasser Meredith A. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt is common in psychiatric epidemiologic studies of childhood psychopathology to have multiple informant reports of mental health outcomes. The key challenge in analysing multiple informant data concerns how they should best be represented in statistical models. Here we propose multivariate linear regression as the preferred method when the multiple informant outcome data are continuous. This approach permits the informant‐specific information about mental health outcomes to be included in a single regression analysis, at the same time adjusting for the correlation between informant responses. The advantages of using a multivariate model include the ability to: (1) test for informant differences in outcome and assess if the effect of a risk factor on the outcome varies by informant; (2) estimate separate effects for each informant where necessary, or common effects where appropriate; (3) estimate the correlation between informant reports; (4) appropriately handle missing data by including data from all subjects with at least one informant report. An example from the Connecticut Child Study is presented to illustrate the application of this approach, examining risk factors for ‘internalizing’ behaviour using parent and teacher informants. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Reliability of a telephone‐administered cognitive test battery (TACT) between telephone and face‐to‐face administration
Authors: Thompson Neil R. , Prince Martin J. , Macdonald Alison , Sham Pak C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have previously described the development and initial validation of a telephone administered cognitive test battery (TACT). This report investigates the retest reliability of the TACT battery between telephone administration and face‐to‐face administration and measures the concurrent validity of the test components against a standard test of cognitive ability, the WAIS‐RUK. Data were collected on 27 participants aged 62–63 years. There was a two‐ to 10‐month interval between time 1 (telephone) and time 2 (face‐to‐face) administration. Intra‐class correlation coefficients for telephone versus face‐to‐face administration of the TACT were satisfactory for all component measures except for ‘object rotation’ and WAIS similarities. There was no evidence of systematic cheating on the telephone‐administered test. Tests of concurrent validity showed stronger correlations for the TACT battery components with verbal tests rather than performance tests, as measured by the WAIS‐RUK. A few administration difficulties are noted and recommendations for change are outlined. The TACT is a convenient assessment tool with potential for measuring cognitive change in epidemiological studies. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN‐PSS‐1) questionnaire is reliable in stroke patients
Authors: Tibaek Sigrid , Jensen Rigmor , Klarskov Peter , Iversen Helle K. , Gard Gunvor 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAimsTo investigate the test–retest reliability of Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN‐PSS‐1) questionnaire in a sample of stroke patients.MethodsA prospective study design was used in which the stroke patients were invited to complete a postal self‐administrated DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire twice. The questionnaire consists of 12 questions related to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The participants were asked to state the frequency and severity of their symptoms (symptom score) and its impact on their daily life (bother score). Seventy‐one stroke patients were included and 59 (83%) answered the questionnaire twice. The reliability test was done in two aspects: (a) detecting the frequency of each symptom and its bother factor, the scores were reduced to a two‐category scale (=0, >0) and simple kappa statistics was used; (b) detecting the severity of each symptom and its bother factor, the total scale (0–3) and weighted kappa statistics was used.ResultsThe proportion of agreement for the frequency symptom scores ranged from 76% to 97% and the simple kappa coefficient ranged from poor (κ = 0.00) to excellent (κ = 0.91). The proportion of agreement for the corresponding bother scores ranged from 76% to 95% and the simple kappa coefficient ranged from good (κ = 0.61) to excellent (κ = 0.84). The weighted kappa coefficient for the severity symptom scores ranged from moderate (κw = 0.43) to good (κw = 0.75) and the corresponding bother scores ranged from moderate (κw = 0.48) to good (κw = 0.68).ConclusionsThe DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire had acceptable test–retest reliability and may be suitable for measuring the frequency and severity of LUTS and its bother factor in stroke patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuberculosis of the endothoracic fascia
Authors: Broglia Beatriz , Bisero Elsa , Sclavo Liliana , Andreozzi Patricia 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA 13‐year‐old boy presented with a history of respiratory infection that had progressed for 3 months. A chest X‐ray showed pathological findings that suggested endothoracic fascia compromise (Skarby sign). The thorax computerized axial tomography scan revealed multiple opacities in the fascia. A biopsy was performed, and a pathological lymph node with caseous material was obtained. Thirty days later, Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis was obtained from the culture. The diagnosis of tuberculosis of the endothoracic fascia was confirmed. Treatment included 9 months with isoniacide and rifampin, and 2 months with pirazynamide and streptomycin, with excellent response. Vitamin B6 was added. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:441–444. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteins of the same fold and unrelated sequences have similar amino acid composition
Authors: Ofran Yanay , Margalit Hanah 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt is well established that there is a relationship between the amino acid composition of a protein and its structural class (i.e., α, β, α + β, or α/β). Several studies have even shown the power of amino acid composition in predicting the secondary structure class of a protein. Herein, we show that significant similarity in amino acid composition exists not only between proteins of the same class, but even between proteins of the same fold. To test conjectural explanations for this phenomenon, we analyzed a set of structurally similar proteins that are dissimilar in sequence. Based on this analysis, we suggest that specific residues that are involved in intramolecular interactions may account for this surprising relationship between composition and structure. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using evolutionary and structural information to predict DNA‐binding sites on DNA‐binding proteins
Authors: Kuznetsov Igor B. , Gou Zhenkun , Li Run , Hwang Seungwoo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractProteins that interact with DNA are involved in a number of fundamental biological activities such as DNA replication, transcription, and repair. A reliable identification of DNA‐binding sites in DNA‐binding proteins is important for functional annotation, site‐directed mutagenesis, and modeling protein–DNA interactions. We apply Support Vector Machine (SVM), a supervised pattern recognition method, to predict DNA‐binding sites in DNA‐binding proteins using the following features: amino acid sequence, profile of evolutionary conservation of sequence positions, and low‐resolution structural information. We use a rigorous statistical approach to study the performance of predictors that utilize different combinations of features and how this performance is affected by structural and sequence properties of proteins. Our results indicate that an SVM predictor based on a properly scaled profile of evolutionary conservation in the form of a position specific scoring matrix (PSSM) significantly outperforms a PSSM‐based neural network predictor. The highest accuracy is achieved by SVM predictor that combines the profile of evolutionary conservation with low‐resolution structural information. Our results also show that knowledge‐based predictors of DNA‐binding sites perform significantly better on proteins from mainly‐α structural class and that the performance of these predictors is significantly correlated with certain structural and sequence properties of proteins. These observations suggest that it may be possible to assign a reliability index to the overall accuracy of the prediction of DNA‐binding sites in any given protein using its sequence and structural properties. A web‐server implementation of the predictors is freely available online at http://lcg.rit.albany.edu/dp‐bind/. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PARSEC – the pseudopotential algorithm for real‐space electronic structure calculations: recent advances and novel applications to nano‐structures
Authors: Kronik Leeor , Makmal Adi , Tiago Murilo L. , Alemany M. M. G. , Jain Manish , Huang Xiangyang , Saad Yousef , Chelikowsky James R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe describe the formalism, as well as numerical and implementation issues behind PARSEC – the pseudopotential algorithm for real‐space electronic structure calculations. Its current capabilities are illustrated via application of PARSEC to numerous problems in nanoscience. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Haul truck alignment monitoring and operator warning system
Authors: Nebot Eduardo , Guivant Jose , Worrall Stewart 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a haul truck alignment monitoring system that provides early warning signals to the operator when the truck is about to lose control. It is considered that a truck is in this condition when it crosses the center of the road or veers to the side of the road at speed in an uncontrolled manner. The system provides different levels of warnings to the driver and other haul trucks in visual contact. The system is based on a laser range and bearing sensor that measure the relative distance to standard polyvinyl chloride poles located at the side of the road. Using this approach, a high level of accuracy and reliability can be achieved with low cost since the installation and maintenance of the infrastructure does not require special expertise or expensive machinery. The system also logs raw sensor data and warning events generated by the truck. This information is downloaded using wireless interfaces to a base station for postprocessing purposes. This is essential to monitor the operation of the system and determine potential degradation of its components. Experimental results are shown demonstrating the robustness of the system. These results were obtained from actual data extracted from a database built with more that 12 months of continued operation of the system in two different mines.
Channel dynamics and geomorphic variability as controls on gravel bar vegetation; River Tummel, Scotland
Authors: Gilvear David , Willby Nigel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation into environmental controls on vegetation dynamics on gravel bars. Such environments are a hotspot of threatened plant biodiversity and the dynamics of their vegetation reflect a range of processes that should be indicative of the integrity of the wider floodplain ecosystem. The study was undertaken on a 2 ha mid‐channel gravel bar complex that evolved over two decades, in response to several high magnitude flood events (including two with a return period in excess of 25 years), on a ‘wandering’ reach of the River Tummel, Scotland. Over 180 plant species, including a number of national or regional scarcities, had colonized. The fluvial chronology of the site was documented via sequential sets of aerial photography that revealed a number of discrete surfaces created by individual floods. Environmental heterogeneity, both within and between fluvial units, was investigated by field sampling of vegetation and abiotic variables at 66 locations. The fluvial surfaces were assigned to five habitat classes that ranged in age from two to approximately 20 years, from fine gravel to cobbles, and maintained an elevation range of up to 2.5 metres above low flow river levels. Multivariate analysis highlighted the relative importance of elevation, grain size, moisture content and infiltration and trapping of fines in controlling plant species composition. After standardizing sampling effort the habitat mosaic was found to support on average 1.36 times more species than an equivalent sample of any one habitat. In terms of biodiversity and river management, our results emphasize the importance of sustaining fluvial processes that preserve the habitat mosaic in order to conserve the characteristic biota of gravel bar complexes and river channel islands. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvements in depth‐profiling of thick samples by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy using linear correlation
Authors: Mateo M. P. , Nicolas G. , Piñon V. , Yañez A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this work, the capability of linear correlation for depth profiling by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is studied for the first time. A software was specially developed for the calculus of the linear correlation coefficients and its representation in the format of depth profiles. Thick layered samples (layers with thickness of tens to hundreds of micrometers) of different nature, archaeological ceramics and polymer coatings on steel, were characterized by LIBS using the conventional approach based on intensity profiles, and the correlation method. The results revealed that, without using any normalization, the comparison of LIB spectra through the linear correlation coefficient gave an improvement of the depth profile quality and the interface localization by minimizing the influence of fluctuations and decay of the signals in the global intensity of spectra, caused by sources other than concentration variations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared absorption enhancement of fluorinated poly‐acrylate thin films on Co‐alloy substrate
Authors: Zhang L. , Oh C. F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFluorinated poly‐acrylate films coated on continuous Co‐based metal substrate show significant IR absorption enhancement. The degree of enhancement depends greatly on the type of chemical bonds in the polymer molecules and the corresponding vibrations of chemical dipoles. Strong polar groups like CO, CF and CO show the strongest absorption enhancement that also coincides with significant blueshift of the corresponding IR bands. In this paper, the possible mechanism for IR absorption enhancement and band shift are discussed on the basis of the electric field intensification on metal surface, charge transfer and dipole reorientation of the polymer molecules adsorbed on the metal surface. Chemisorption of the polymer molecules on Co‐alloy is established through the interaction between the oxygen atoms in carboxylic group and the substrate cobalt atoms reacting through electron overlap and spin‐coupling of oxygen π‐orbital and cobalt d‐orbital. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of labor and delivery by transperineal ultrasound in pregnancies with prelabor rupture of membranes at term
Authors: Eggebø T. M. , Gjessing L. K. , Heien C. , Smedvig E. , Økland I. , Romundstad P. , Salvesen K. Å. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether engagement of the fetal head or cervical length in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term, are associated with time from PROM to delivery or need for operative delivery.MethodsA transperineal ultrasound examination was performed in 152 women with a single live fetus in cephalic presentation after PROM (at > 37 gestational weeks). The shortest distance from the outer bony limit of the fetal skull to the skin surface of the perineum was measured in a transverse view, and the cervical length was measured in a sagittal view. The time from PROM to delivery was tested in a Cox regression analysis with ultrasound measurements, parity, maternal age, body mass index and birth weight as possible predictive factors.ResultsThe head‐perineal distance was associated with the time from PROM to delivery (log rank test, P < 0.001). Thirty‐six hours after PROM, 32% (95% CI, 15–49) of women with a short head–perineal distance (< 45 mm) and 43% (95% CI, 24–62) of women with a long distance (≥ 45 mm) were still in labor. Women with a short head–perineal distance had fewer Cesarean sections, less use of epidural analgesia and a shorter time in active labor, and their babies had a higher pH in the umbilical artery. The measured cervical length was not associated independently with time to delivery.ConclusionTransperineal ultrasound measurements of fetal head engagement may help clinicians to predict the course of labor in women with PROM. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.