bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of the response of battered piles to inclined pullout loads
Authors: Mroueh Hussein , Shahrour Isam 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the response of battered piles to the combined lateral and vertical pullout loads. Analyses are carried out using an elastoplastic constitutive law based on the non‐associated Mohr–Coulomb criterion. The influence of the contact condition at the pile–soil interface is also investigated. Analyses show that the load's inclination with regard to the pile's axis affects both the lateral and axial response of the battered piles. Analyses also show that the pullout capacity of battered piles is affected by the pile's inclination regarding the vertical axis as well as the load's inclination regarding the pile's axis. The investigation of the influence of the contact condition at the soil–pile interface shows that the possibility of sliding at the soil–pile interface affects the response of battered piles subjected to loads with low inclination regarding the pile's axis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Axial symmetric elasticity analysis in non‐homogeneous bodies under gravitational load by triple‐reciprocity boundary element method
Authors: Ochiai Yoshihiro , Sladek Vladimir , Sladek Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn general, internal cells are required to solve elasticity problems by involving a gravitational load in non‐homogeneous bodies with variable mass density when using a conventional boundary element method (BEM). Then, the effect of mesh reduction is not achieved and one of the main merits of the BEM, which is the simplicity of data preparation, is lost. In this study, it is shown that the domain cells can be avoided by using the triple‐reciprocity BEM formulation, where the density of domain integral is expressed in terms of other fields that are represented by boundary densities and/or source densities at isolated interior points. Utilizing the rotational symmetry, the triple‐reciprocity BEM formulation is developed for axially symmetric elasticity problems in non‐homogeneous bodies under gravitational force. A new computer program was developed and applied to solve several test problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient preparation of novel fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomers/titanium dioxide nanocomposites
Authors: Sawada Hideo , Sawada Eri , Kakehi Hiroshi , Kariya Takurou , Mugisawa Masaki , Chounan Yukiyasu , Miura Masashi , Isu Norifumi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNovel fluoroalky end‐capped oligomers/titanium dioxide nanocomposites were prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in the presence of fluoroalkyl end‐capped N‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomer [RF‐(DOBAA)n‐RF], fluoroalkyl end‐capped N,N‐dimethylacrylamide oligomer [RF‐(DMAA)n‐RF], and fluoroalkyl end‐capped acrylic acid oligomer [RF‐(ACA)n‐RF] in tetrahydrofuran under mild conditions. In these fluorinated oligomers, RF‐(ACA)n‐RF oligomer is more effective for the preparation of the corresponding oligomers/titanium dioxide nanocomposites, and this oligomer can afford the expected fluorinated titanium dioxide nanocomposites in higher isolated yields. In addition, RF‐(ACA)n‐RF/titanium dioxide composites are nanometer size‐controlled very fine nanoparticles (14–48 nm), and exhibited a good dispersibility not only in water but also in traditional organic solvents. Fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomers/titanium dioxide nanocomposites were also applied to the surface modification of the common organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) to exhibit a good oleophobic and hydrophilic characteristics on the surface. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Acaricidal activity of triketone analogues derived from Leptospermum scoparium oil against house‐dust and stored‐food mites
Authors: Jeong Eun‐Young , Kim Min‐Gi , Lee Hoi‐Seon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Various attempts to control the populations of house‐dust and stored‐food mites have been implemented using synthetic chemicals. Although effective, the repeated use of these chemicals has led to resistance owing to the mite's high reproductive potential and short life cycle. Therefore, this study aimed to develop natural acaricides using oils derived from Leptospermum scoparium JR & G Forst., which may affect the overall biological activity of a mite without adverse effects. Results were compared with those from using benzyl benzoate and N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide (DEET).RESULTS: The LD50 values of L. scoparium oil were 0.54, 0.67 and 1.12 µg cm−2 against Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes), D. pteronyssinus (Troussart) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) respectively. The active constituent isolated from L. scoparium was identified as leptospermone (6‐isovaleryl‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3,5‐cyclohexanetrione) by spectroscopic analysis. Based on the LD50 values of leptospermone and its derivatives, the most toxic compound against D. farinae was leptospermone (0.07 µg cm−2), followed by 2,2,4,4,6,6‐hexamethyl‐1,3,5‐cyclohexanetrione (1.21 µg cm−2), benzyl benzoate (10.03 µg cm−2) and DEET (37.12 µg cm−2). Furthermore, similar results were observed when the leptospermone and its derivatives were tested against D. pteronyssinus and T. putrescentiae.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that L. scoparium oil‐derived materials, particularly leptospermone and 2,2,4,4,6,6‐hexamethyl‐1,3,5‐cyclohexanetrione, have potential for development as new agents for the control of three species of mite. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fesoterodine (Toviaz): new option for overactive bladder
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Wagg Adrian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFesoterodine, the prodrug of the active metabolite of tolterodine, has been launched in two strengths for the treatment of overactive bladder. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Dr Adrian Wagg comments on its place in treatment. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Ajoene exerts potent effects in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Ambati Suresh , Yang Jeong‐Yeh , Rayalam Srujana , Park Hea Jin , Della‐Fera Mary Anne , Baile Clifton A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper describes effects of several sulfur‐containing compounds from garlic on the cell viability, apoptosis and adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, 100 and 200 µM ajoene significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. The effect on apoptosis was further confirmed with Hoechst staining. In contrast, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, deoxyalliin, and allyl methyl sulfide had no significant effect on cell viability or apoptosis in either preadipocytes or mature adipocytes. In maturing preadipocytes ajoene significantly decreased lipid accumulation in a dose‐dependent manner and these results were further confirmed by a decrease in lipid droplet number and lipid content through Oil Red O staining. There was no significant change in lipid accumulation in maturing preadipocytes treated with other garlic derivatives. Thus, despite the same source of origin, garlic, ajoene was the only one with potent effects on cell viability, apoptosis and adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The functional assessment ofAlpinia priceion metabolic syndrome induced by sucrose‐containing drinking water in mice
Authors: Chou Yi‐Chun , Wang Sheng‐Yang , Chen Gou‐Chun , Lin Yu‐Shen , Chao Pei‐Min 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to test whetherAlpinia pricei(AP), a member of the ginger family indigenous to Taiwan, reduced metabolic syndrome induced by sucrose‐containing drinking water in C57BL/6J mice. Mice given a chow diet were divided into a control group (C) or a test group given 30% sucrose water (SW) to drinkad libitum. After 22 weeks, mice in the SW group were subdivided into SW and SW + AP groups, the latter receiving a chow diet with an ethanol extract of AP (1500 mg/kg dosage). Four weeks later, bio‐indexes associated with metabolic syndrome were measured. Compared with the C group, the SW group had significantly higher body weight, visceral fat weights, serum and tissue lipid, serum insulin level and the area under the curve for blood glucose of the insulin tolerance test (p< 0.05). These indicators in the SW + AP group were lower than in the SW group except for serum lipid, although slightly higher than the C group. The SW + AP group also showed significantly lower serum levels of leptin and tumor necrosis factor‐αand a significantly higher level of adiponectin than the SW group. These results indicated that visceral adiposity and insulin resistance induced by sucrose water drinking might be alleviated by AP supplementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GeoSec: quarantine zones for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: König André , Hollick Matthias , Krop Tronje , Steinmetz Ralf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWith their wireless and infrastructureless nature, mobile ad hoc networks offer new possibilities for communication, but also new possibilities for attacks. An intrusion detection system combined with intrusion response mechanisms is a promising approach which mitigates the effects of attacks, but cannot be taken directly from wired or infrastructure‐based environments. In this paper, we propose an intrusion response mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks that excludes detected adversaries from the network based on their geographical position. To this end, we establish geographical quarantine zones, which block communication around misbehaving nodes. Thus, we depart from the assumption that attacks can be uniquely bound to addresses. Without loss of generality, we show how our approach can be used together with the AODV routing protocol to provide an intrusion response to a combination of Blackhole and Sybil attacks. In a series of simulation studies, we compare our approach with a ‘traditional’, address‐based intrusion response strategy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure virtual point of service for purchasing digital media content over 3G wireless networks
Authors: Di Crescenzo Giovanni , Morera Raquel , Vakil Faramak , Varma Vijay K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe propose the notion of a Secure Virtual Point of Service (SVPOS) as a network‐centric transaction server that facilitates the enhancement of 3G cell phones with a ‘mobile wallet’ capability allowing 3G subscribers to use their cell phones (or, in fact, other preferred mobile gadgets) for their daily transactions and payments. This paper shows how to design an SVPOS and an associated operator/subscriber/merchant protocol for purchasing digital media content over 3G networks. The resulting protocol guarantees a number of desirable privacy and security properties, such as privacy/anonymity of 3G subscribers (i.e. no identities, credit information or credit card numbers are revealed by subscriber to merchants), and protection of 3G operator, merchant, subscriber against various types of malicious behaviour, including transaction repudiation. The proposed SVPOS is ‘built’ on top of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), utilizes the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Generic Authentication Architecture (GAA) for subscriber and merchant authentication, and has an implicit key distribution mechanism that easily provides necessary encryption keys for the novel non‐repudiation mechanism of SVPOS. It also sends the necessary records of the transactions to the accounting entity of the network for charging and billing through standard protocols (e.g. Parlay‐X). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntax, and semantics‐based signature database for hybrid intrusion detection systems
Authors: Barry Bazara I. A. , Chan H. Anthony 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSignature‐based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have the advantages of producing a lower false alarm rate and using less system resources compared to anomaly based systems. However, they are susceptible to obfuscation used by attackers to introduce new variants of the attacks stored in the database. Some of the disadvantages of signature‐based IDSs can be attributed to the fact that they are mostly purely syntactic and ignore the semantics of the monitored systems. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a signature database that assists a Specification‐based IDS in a converged environment. Our design is novel in terms of considering the semantics of the monitored protocols alongside their syntax. Our protocol semantics awareness is based on the state transition analysis technique which models intrusions at a high level using state transition diagrams. The signature database is hierarchically designed to insure a balance between ease of use and fast retrieval in real time. The database prototype is tested against some implemented attacks and shows promising efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AuthoCast—a mobility‐compliant protocol framework for multicast sender authentication
Authors: Schmidt Thomas C. , Wählisch Matthias , Christ Olaf , Hege Gabriel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMobility is considered a key technology of the next generation Internet and has been standardized within the IETF. Rapidly emerging multimedia group applications such as IPTV, massive mutliplayer games (MMORPGs) and video conferencing increase the demand for mobile group communication, but a standard design of mobile multicast is still awaited. The open problem poses significant operational and security challenges to the Internet infrastructure. This paper introduces a protocol framework for authenticating multicast sources (MSs) and securing their mobility handovers. Its contribution is twofold: at first, the current mobile multicast problem and solution spaces are summarized from the security perspective. At second, a solution to the mobile source authentication problem is presented that complies to IPv6 mobility signaling standards. Using an autonomously verifiable one‐way authentication based on cryptographically generated addresses, a common design is derived to jointly comply with the mobile any source and source specific multicast (SSM) protocols that are currently proposed. This light‐weight scheme smoothly extends the unicast enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6 and adds only little overhead to multicast packets and protocol operations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberration analysis of Cs‐corrector system with twin hexapoles and transfer lens doublet in scanning transmission electron microscope by simple ray tracing based on geometrical optics
Authors: Kawasaki Tadahiro , Ichihashi Mikio , Matsutani Takaomi , Kimura Yoshihide , Ikuta Takashi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOptical properties of scanning transmission electron microscopes with aberration correction systems, called Cs‐correctors, were simply calculated from the viewpoint of the geometrical optics. Here, we focused on the Cs‐corrector consisting of twin hexapoles and two round lenses. Although the above system has already been investigated theoretically and developed successfully, we attempted to interpret its properties by a simple ray tracing technique to understand them more intuitively. The aberrations on the Gaussian image plane of an objective lens were calculated. Analyses of the aberrations up to the fifth order indicated that hexapoles and round lenses could eliminate up to third‐order aberrations in the total optical system, including the objective lens, when these four elements are arranged properly. The fourth‐ and fifth‐order aberrations could also be suppressed by adding one and two round lenses, respectively. As these results agreed well with those of previous theoretical studies, our simple method is useful for designing an actual aberration correction system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining extremely small data sets with application to software reuse
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Li Ming , Zhou Zhi‐Hua 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA serious problem encountered by machine learning and data mining techniques in software engineering is the lack of sufficient data. For example, there are only 24 examples in the current largest data set on software reuse. In this paper, a recently proposed machine learning algorithm is modified for mining extremely small data sets. This algorithm works in a twice‐learning style. In detail, a random forest is trained from the original data set at first. Then, virtual examples are generated from the random forest and used to train a single decision tree. In contrast to the numerous discrepancies between the empirical data and expert opinions reported by previous research, our mining practice shows that the empirical data are actually consistent with expert opinions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traits underlying the capacity of ant colonies to adapt to disturbance and stress regimes
Authors: Linksvayer Timothy A. , Janssen Marco A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHow do groups of social agents organize themselves to cope with stress and disturbances? We address this question by looking at ant colonies. We review the suites of traits that allow ant species to adapt to different disturbance and stress regimes, and changes in these regimes. Low temperatures and low nest site and food resource availability are important stresses that affect ant abundance and distribution. Large‐scale habitat disturbances, such as fire, grazing and mining, and small‐scale disturbances that more directly affect individual colonies, such as predation, parasitism and disease, also affect ant abundance and distribution. We use functional groups to study the social and individual traits underlying different responses to temperature stress, large‐scale habitat disturbance and competition from other ants. Specific individual and colony traits, such as colony size, queen number and worker specialization, seem to underlie adaptation to various stress and disturbance regimes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schubert und Reuleaux – ein verpasster Paradigmenwechsel? – zum 200. Geburtstag von Johann Andreas Schubert (1808–1870)
Authors: Mauersberger Klaus 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLeben und Werk von Johann Andreas Schubert bestechen durch eine überragende Universalität und Methodenvielfalt. Beeindruckend ist vor allem Schuberts Fächerspektrum an seiner langjährigen Wirkungsstätte, der Kgl. Polytechnischen Schule zu Dresden; es reicht von der Mathematik und technischen Mechanik über die Maschinenkunde bis hin zum Straßen‐ und Wasserbau sowie zum Eisenbahn‐ und Brückenbau. Beeinflusst durch sein erfolgreiches Mitwirken an den Kommissionsentwürfen für die großen vogtländischen Eisenbahnviadukte leitete Schubert um 1850 einen Lehrgebietswechsel zum Baufach ein, dem er bis zu seinem Lebensende nachgehen sollte. Wenig bekannt ist die Tatsache, dass sich auch Franz Reuleaux, der wohl bekannteste und umstrittenste deutsche Maschinenwissenschaftler des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts auf Schuberts vakant gewordene Professur im Maschinenfach beworben hatte. Anhand des verwickelten Berufungsvorganges soll Fragen des Paradigmenwechsels in den Technikwissenschaften sowie der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Bau‐ und Maschinenmechanik nachgegangen werden.
ISTA13‐catecholamine toxicity and metabolism in the ciliated protozoan,Tetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Ud‐Daula Asad , Pfister Gerd , Schramm Karl‐Werner 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA high throughput culture methodology of unicellular eukaryoteTetrahymena pyriformis, strain GL were used for the determination of catecholamines toxicity and their metabolism. Catecholamines exhibited acute toxicity toTetrahymenacells where dopamine andL‐DOPA showed higher toxic potential of EC10(0.39 and 0.63 mg/L, respectively) and EC20(1.1 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively). All the testing catecholamines were highly degradable in the PPY‐medium due to the oxidizing environment during incubation. They were also naturally synthesized and released byTetrahymenacells into the culture medium and increasingly accumulated with time where as noradrenalin demonstrated significant results. Cells were exposed with physiological concentration (0.12 mg/L) and one higher concentration (8.0 mg/L) of catecholamines, resulting noradrenalin depletion andin vivogeneration of a metabolite in response to dopamine with higher concentration treatment. This dopamine metabolite was relatively nonpolar compared with the catecholamines and was eluted later from the reverse phase C‐18 column. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Perfluorooctanoic acid alters T lymphocyte phenotypes and cytokine expression in mice
Authors: Son Hee‐Young , Lee Soyoung , Tak Eun‐Nam , Cho Hae‐Sung , Shin Hong‐In , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Yang Jae‐Ho 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been used in commercial applications and detected in environmental matrices. This study focuses on whether PFOA affects the function of immune organs (spleen and thymus). Male ICR mice were exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 ppm of PFOA in drinking water for 21 days. PFOA differently altered T lymphocyte populations. In the spleen, all doses of PFOA decreased CD8+ lymphocytes; CD4+ lymphocytes were increased by 50 and 250 ppm of PFOA. Exposure to 250 ppm of PFOA increased CD8+ lymphocytes in the thymus. In the histopathological evaluation, the spleen of 250 ppm PFOA‐treated groups revealed the increase of lymphoid hyperplasia of white pulp without significant alteration of red pulp. The thymus of 250 ppm PFOA‐treated group showed decreased thickness of the cortex and medulla, but lymphoid cells were more densely arranged. PFOA elevated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐6) in the spleen, and proto‐oncogene, c‐myc, in the spleen and thymus. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that PFOA has an immunomodulatory effect by altering T lymphocyte phenotypes and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.