bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic individual assessment: Issues in providing reliable descriptions
Authors: Ryan Ann Marie , Barbera Karen M. , Sackett Paul R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIndividual assessment involves one psychologist making an assessment of an individual for personnel‐related purposes. Individual assessment practice is reviewed, and research on reliability is presented. A study examining the comparability of conclusions reached by consumers is presented. Eighty‐six students and thirty‐eight managers read nine narrative assessment reports (three of each of three job candidates) and attempted to determine which reports described the same candidate. None of the subjects could correctly group the nine reports; a sizeable proportion did no better than chance in grouping the reports. Implications for assessors and consumers of individual assessments are discussed.
Corporate restructuring, ownership‐disciplined alignment, and the reorganization of management
Authors: Useem Michael , Gottlieb Martin M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIntensified focus on shareholder value during the 1980s led to a stress on consistent, integrated linkages among major elements of company organization. Drawing on senior management interviews and documents from six large publicly‐traded corporations and six small firms, we argue that this ownership‐disciplined alignment devolved decision‐making authority into operating business units; contracted headquarters' managers and staff functions; heightened stress on management selection; expanded use of performance‐based compensation; and created mechanisms for internal ownership. Changes in each area of managerial organization have appeared before, but they are now explicitly and systematically focused around enhancing shareholder value.
The expansive executive: How the drive to mastery helps and hinders organizations
Authors: Kaplan Robert E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhat drives executives has a great deal to do with how they lead. Executives generally are highly motivated to attain mastery—to achieve at a high level, to be exceptionally capable, to be acknowledged as masterful, and so on. An intense drive to mastery is certainly a prerequisite to effective executive leadership. But in some executives there can be virtually no limit to the extent of their ambition for themselves and their organizations. These driven individuals are capable of going to counterproductive extremes to satisfy their appetites for mastery. So, based on intensive research on character and leadership on senior managers, this article shows how the “expansive” temperament can be a boon or a bane to an organization's existence.
“Please don't make me a hero”: A re‐examination of corporate heroes
Authors: Wilkins Alan L. , Perry Lee Tom , Checketts Alan G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent discussions of corporate heroes focus on benefits without examining costs. Although our perceptions are not entirely negative, we have discovered several reasons to be cautious about corporate heroes. We present some of the potential problems associated with creating heroes, and another set of dysfunctions occurring once heroes have been created. Our intention is not to debunk heroes, but to attach a cautionary note to their use in organizations. We fully expect the natural emergence of heroes in many organizations, but also propose that managers can accomplish as much, and often less hazardously, by working on perspective, praise, and trying to influence daily practice in their organizations. This approach is both more explicit and direct in infusing organizations with the same benefits of motivation and meaning derived from having heroes. Moreover, it can lay a foundation of values that ultimately determines what kinds of individuals emerge as heroes.
Creating and managing a vanguard organization: Design and human resource lessons from jossey‐bass
Authors: Lundberg Craig C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA successful publishing firm is examined carefully in order to explicate its unique organizational structure, e.g., a shamrock of two levels of teams with holonomic features; its unusual managerial practices, e.g., strategy formulated bottom‐up; and its distinctive managerial roles, e.g., steward, designer, educator. The firm's associated human resource practices and issues are also discussed in detail.
Human resource management practices to improve quality: A case example of human resource management intervention in government
Authors: Gilbert G. Ronald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes the quality approach to management in government and contrasts it with the classic, often more bureaucratic, approach. It places particular focus on Project Pacer Share, a government total quality management effort underway at McClellan Air Force Base where, using quality tools and techniques, major reforms in the United States Civil Service System and human resource management are being tested. Specific human resource management initiatives that need to be undertaken to support organizationwide quality performance are presented.
An analysis of safety and tolerability data from controlled, comparative studies of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia, focusing on extrapyramidal symptoms
Authors: Timdahl Kristina , Carlsson Anders , Stening Göran 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimThis analysis evaluated the tolerability profile of quetiapine using data from all comparative controlled studies in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders in the AstraZeneca clinical trials database, focusing on extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).MethodsAdverse event (AE) data from randomised, double‐blind, controlled studies in the AstraZeneca clinical trials database were pooled, allowing comparison of quetiapine (mean daily doses 357–496 mg/day) with placebo, haloperidol (10.4 mg/day), risperidone (5.5 mg/day) or chlorpromazine (552 mg/day). Incidence of EPS‐related AEs in relation to quetiapine dose was also analysed using a subset of data from fixed‐dose studies.ResultsData from 4956 patients were analysed. Quetiapine was well tolerated, and did not increase EPS‐related AEs when compared with placebo (9.6 vs. 10.6%, respectively). The incidence of EPS‐related AEs with quetiapine was consistent across the dose range (4.2–13.2% vs. 11.1% with placebo). Patients receiving haloperidol, risperidone and chlorpromazine experienced significantly higher levels of EPS‐related AEs than those on quetiapine. The most common quetiapine‐ associated AEs, with significantly higher incidence than placebo, were sedation, somnolence and orthostatic hypotension.ConclusionQuetiapine is generally well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders, with placebo‐level EPS‐related AEs. Quetiapine has a more favourable EPS profile than haloperidol, chlorpromazine or risperidone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations of the PIK3CA gene in hereditary colorectal cancers
Authors: Miyaki Michiko , Iijima Takeru , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Takahashi Keiichi , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Yasutome Michiya , Funata Nobuaki , Mori Takeo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSomatic mutations of the PIK3CA gene have recently been detected in various human cancers, including sporadic colorectal cancer. However, mutations of the PIK3CA gene in hereditary colorectal cancers have not been clarified. To elucidate the mutation status in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), which are the most common hereditary colorectal cancers, we investigated PIK3CA mutations in 163 colorectal tumors, including adenomas, intramucosal carcinomas and invasive carcinomas. For comparison, we also analyzed mutations of the same gene in 160 sporadic colorectal tumors at various histopathological stages. Analysis at exons 1, 7, 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene revealed somatic mutations in 21% (8 of 39) of FAP invasive carcinomas, 21% (7 of 34) of HNPCC invasive carcinomas, 15% (8 of 52) of sporadic invasive carcinomas, and 14% (7 of 50) of sporadic colorectal metastases in the liver. Mutations in FAP and HNPCC carcinomas predominantly occurred in the kinase domain (exon 20), while the majority of mutations in sporadic cases occurred in the helical domain (exon 9). Adenomas and intramucosal carcinomas from all patients exhibited no mutations (0 of 148). Our data suggest that PIK3CA mutations contribute to the invasion step from intramucosal carcinoma to invasive carcinoma in colorectal carcinogenesis in FAP and HNPCC patients at a similar extent to that seen in sporadic patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting the IGF‐1R using picropodophyllin in the therapeutical 5T2MM mouse model of multiple myeloma: Beneficial effects on tumor growth, angiogenesis, bone disease and survival
Authors: Menu Eline , Jernberg‐Wiklund Helena , De Raeve Hendrik , De Leenheer Evy , Coulton Les , Gallagher Orla , Van Valckenborgh Els , Larsson Olle , Axelson Magnus , Nilsson Kenneth , Van Camp Ben , Croucher Peter , Vanderkerken Karin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring the last decade, a central role for insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM) has been well established. IGF‐I provided by the tumor–microenvironment interaction may directly and indirectly facilitate the migration, survival and expansion of the MM cells in the bone marrow (BM). The inhibition of the IGF‐1R‐mediated signaling pathway has recently been suggested to be a possible new therapeutic principle in MM. Using the mouse 5T2MM model, we now demonstrate that targeting the IGF‐1R using picropodophyllin (PPP) in a therapeutical setting not only has strong antitumor activity on the established MM tumor but also influences the BM microenvironment by inhibiting angiogenesis and bone disease, having a profound effect on the survival of the mice. At therapeutically achievable concentrations of PPP, the average survival was 180 days for the PPP‐treated mice as compared to 100 days for vehicle‐treated mice. PPP used as single drug treatment in the 5T2MM model resulted in a decrease of tumor burden by 65% while the paraprotein concentrations were reduced by 75%. This decrease was associated with a significant inhibition of tumor‐associated angiogenesis and osteolysis. The present studies on the biological effects of PPP in the 5T2MM model constitute an important experimental platform for future therapeutic implementation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor reduces the lung metastatic potential of murine tumor cells
Authors: Yamashita Manabu , Ino Asami , Kawabata Kenji , Sakurai Fuminori , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is involved in the epithelial cell tight junction, the downregulated expression of which is observed in different cancer types. In the present study, we examined CAR's role in tumor metastasis using a B16 melanoma and CT26 colon adenocarcinoma model of experimental metastasis. In lung metastasis, the colony number of B16 cells stably expressing CAR (B16CAR) was significantly lower than that of the control CAR‐negative B16 cells. B16 and CT26 cells transiently expressing CAR, which were transduced with adenovirus (Ad) vector expressing CAR, also reduced lung metastasis, suggesting that CAR plays a role in the early stage of metastasis. CAR expression significantly decreased the accumulation of B16 cells in the lung after i.v. injection and the migration in vitro. CAR expression reduced expression of αv, α4, β3 and β1 integrin, which play important roles in attachment to cells or basement membrane. Thus, CAR expression likely acts as a metastatic suppressor. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a novel 3D culture model to elucidate the role of mesothelial cells, fibroblasts and extra‐cellular matrices on adhesion and invasion of ovarian cancer cells to the omentum
Authors: Kenny Hilary A. , Krausz Thomas , Yamada Seiko D. , Lengyel Ernst 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe omentum is a major site of ovarian cancer metastasis. Our goal was to establish a three‐dimensional (3D) model of the key components of the omental microenvironment (mesothelial cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrices) to study ovarian cancer cell adhesion and invasion. The 3D model comprised of primary human fibroblasts extracted from normal human omentum, mixed with ECM and covered by a layer of primary human mesothelial cells, also from normal human omentum. After addition of ovarian cancer cells, the histological appearance of the 3D culture mimicked microscopic metastases to the omentum from patients with ovarian cancer. When ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3ip.1 and HeyA8, were applied to the 3D omental culture, 60% and 68% of all cells attached, respectively, but only 18% and 25% were able to invade. Ovarian cancer cells preferentially adhered to and invaded collagen I, followed by binding to collagen IV, fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin 10 and 1. Omental mesothelial cells significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell adhesion and invasion, while omental fibroblasts induced adhesion and invasion. This effect is clearly mediated by direct cell–cell contact, since conditioned medium from mesothelial cells or fibroblasts has a minimal, or no, effect on ovarian cancer cell adhesion and invasion. In summary, we have established a 3D model to study the early steps of ovarian cancer metastasis to the human omentum, and found that omental mesothelial cells inhibit, while omental fibroblasts and the ECM enhance, the attachment and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel role for Bcl‐2 associated‐athanogene‐1 (Bag‐1) in regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in mammalian chondrocytes
Authors: Yang Ling , McBurney Denise , Tang Shou‐Ching , Carlson Sara G. , Horton Walter E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBAG‐1 (Bcl‐2 associated athanogene‐1) is a multifunctional protein, linking cell proliferation, cell death, protein folding, and cell stress. In vivo, BAG‐1 is expressed in growth plate and articular cartilage, and the expression of BAG‐1 is decreased with aging. Chondrocytes respond to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with decreased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, and prolonged ER stress leads to chondrocyte apoptosis. Here we demonstrate for the first time that BAG‐1 is involved in ER stress‐induced apoptosis in chondrocytes. Induction of ER stress through multiple mechanisms all resulted in downregulation of BAG‐1 expression. In addition, direct suppression of BAG‐1 expression resulted in chondrocyte growth arrest and apoptosis, while stable overexpression of BAG‐1 delayed the onset of ER stress‐mediated apoptosis. In addition to regulating apoptosis, we also observed decreased expression of collagen type II in BAG‐1 deficient chondrocytes. In contrast, overexpression of BAG‐1 resulted in increased expression of collagen type II. Moreover, under ER stress conditions, the reduced expression of collagen type II was delayed in chondrocytes overexpressing BAG‐1. These results suggest a novel role for BAG‐1 in supporting viability and matrix expression of chondrocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 786–800, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of tyroserleutide on gene expression of calmodulin and PI3K in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Lan , Zhao Qian , Lu Rong , Fu Zheng , Zhu Zhifeng , Jia Jing , Wang Song , Shi Linxi , Jian Xu , Yao Zhi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTyroserleutide (YSL) is a tripeptide compound that has exhibited inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma in our previous research. The mechanism of this antitumor activity involves the second messenger, Ca2+. Ca2+ influences cell function through the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) pathway, and abnormality of the Ca2+/CaM system correlates closely with the occurrence of tumors. In addition, CaM associates with phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), thereby enhancing the activity of PI3K, which promotes cell proliferation. In order to investigate its anti‐tumor mechanism, we studied the effects of YSL on CaM protein expression and mRNA level, PI3K activity, PI3K regulatory subunit p85 protein expression and mRNA level, and the mRNA level of PI3K catalytic subunits p110α and p110γ in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL‐7402 xenograft tumors in nude mice. Our results showed that YSL decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of CaM, inhibited the activity of PI3K, and reduced the mRNA level and protein expression of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 and mRNA level of PI3K catalytic subunits p110α and p110γ. Accordingly, it is suggestive that the anti‐tumor effects of YSL may be mediated by down regulation of CaM and PI3K subunits p85 and p110, influencing the signal transduction pathway in the tumor cells and perhaps overcoming the dysfunctional PI3K activity in tumors. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 471–478, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of RNA amplification methods and chip platforms for microarray analysis of samples processed by laser capture microdissection
Authors: Caretti Elena , Devarajan Karthik , Coudry Renata , Ross Eric , Clapper Margie L. , Cooper Harry S. , Bellacosa Alfonso 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLaser capture microdissection (LCM) permits isolation of pure cell populations from which RNA can be extracted, amplified, and subjected to microarray analysis, allowing information to be obtained on the gene expression profile of defined cell types. To avoid amplification artifacts and detect genes expressed at different levels, it is important to optimize the choice of both RNA amplification step and microarray platform. We captured by LCM the same colon cancer biopsy and conducted a cross comparison of distinct RNA amplification methods and different chip platforms. We tested two RNA amplification methods with different chemistry: the one‐cycle Ovation™ system (NuGEN) and the two‐cycle Ribo OA™ method (Arcturus). We also compared two different whole genome platforms, based on Affymetrix technology: the U133 plus 2.0 and the X3P array, with probe sets closer to the 3′ end of transcripts. After RNA amplification, microarray analysis, and data normalization, we investigated reproducibility and correlation of different methods and arrays. Our results indicate that the Arcturus Ribo OA method is superior for both array choices, especially in combination with X3P arrays, showing the lowest variance and Spearman correlation of 0.986. The quicker NuGEN procedure, when coupled with X3P arrays, also yielded excellent results (correlation of 0.951). These observations will be useful for planning large‐scale analyses of LCM‐dissected clinical samples. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 556–563, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two new direct product‐type constructions for resolvable group‐divisible designs
Authors: Rees Rolf S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present two direct product‐type constructions which will prove useful in the construction of resolvable designs. We use our constructions to complete the spectrum for resolvable group‐divisible designs with block size three, as well as to give a short proof of the existence of decompositions of K6n into a one‐factors and b triangle‐factors for any a, b, n with a + 2b = 6n − 1 and a > 1. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Large sets with holes
Authors: Teirlinck Luc 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe study large sets of disjoint Steiner triple systems “with holes”. The purpose of these structures is to extend the use of large sets of disjoint Steiner triple systems in the construction of various other large set type structures to values of v for which no Steiner triple system of order v exists, i.e., v ≡ 0, 2, 4, or 5 (mod 6). We give constructions for all of these congruence classes. We describe several applications, including applications to large sets of disjoint group divisible designs and to large sets of disjoint separable ordered designs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the existence of room frames of type tu for u = 4 and 5
Authors: Gennian Ge , Lie Zhu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article, we describe some new constructions for Room frames and use them to show the existence of Room frames of types t4 and t5. Combining the result with those of Dinitz and Stinson leads to the following: the only cases for which the existence of Room frames is undecided are those types t4 where t = 14,22,26,34,38,46,62,74,82,86,98,122,134,146. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Forensic psychology in the Czech republic
Authors: Polišenská Veronika Anna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe article discusses the field of Forensic Psychology in Czech Republic. It concentrates upon the successes and stagnations of the field, which can be attributed to the political and historical development of the country. After a brief historical background and demographic information, the article introduces the history and structure of the police force and prison service. The article then moves on to discuss the history and publication development of the field of Forensic Psychology and its use in practice. It characterizes the field from its beginnings between the two wars, to the activities of the Research Institute of Penology from 1967 to1980 and the years following the political change of 1989. The article concludes with the law framework within which the field operates. Based upon this summary of the situation in Czech republic, the author makes an assessment of the status of Forensic Psychology in Czech republic, especially in terms of conducting research for the practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of a 1436‐year soil moisture and vegetation water use history based on tree‐ring widths from Qilian junipers in northeastern Qaidam Basin, northwestern China
Authors: Yin Zhi‐Yong , Shao Xuemei , Qin Ningsheng , Liang Eryuan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTree‐ring widths have been used widely in studies of environmental changes and reconstructions of past climate. Eleven tree‐ring chronologies of approximately 800–1500 years long were developed from Qilian junipers (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) for northeastern Qaidam Basin, along the margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies have revealed that water usage stress is the most limiting factor for tree growth in the study region. To evaluate the impact of the combined effects of temperature and precipitation changes over time, we performed water balance modelling using 1955–2002 meteorological data. We found that the tree‐ring widths were strongly correlated with variables representing soil moisture conditions obtained from the water balance model. Specifically we considered actual evapotranspiration (AE) to represent the combined effect of water use demand and moisture availability, deficit as the difference between potential evapotranspiration (PE) and AE to represent the severity of water use stress, and relative soil moisture as the measure of moisture availability. For certain individual monthly and seasonal combinations, the tree‐ring chronologies explained up to 80% of the variation in the soil moisture variables in regression analysis, indicating very good potential for reconstruction of regional soil moisture conditions in the past. These soil moisture variables outperformed precipitation and Palmer's drought severity index in most cases. We reconstructed the soil moisture conditions from 566 AD to 2001, which revealed major dry and wet periods and a general trend toward a wetter condition during the most recent 300 years. By comparing with other proxies in the region, we concluded that the moisture conditions reconstructed from tree‐ring widths very well reflected the climate variability at the interannual and interdecadal scales. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society