bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After the Assessment: Introducing Adolescents to Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy
Authors: Cosgrave Elizabeth , Keating Vanessa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective of this article is to describe the practical aspects involved in adapting cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) to an adolescent population in Australia. Some effective ways to use CBT with adolescents include preparing them for CBT by providing a thorough cognitive–behavioural formulation, describing the cognitive–behavioural approach to therapy in an adolescent-friendly manner, and adapting language and treatment conditions to suit young people's needs.
Treating the Client Rather Than the Symptoms: Moving Beyond Manualised Treatments in Psychotherapy
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere have been some challenges to the reliance upon data from randomised controlled clinical trials when identifying ‘evidence-based’ psychotherapy treatments. Similarly, data show that use of treatment manuals does not result in uniform and beneficial outcomes, that some evidence-based treatments are little better than non-specific counselling and that the search for those therapies or components that are effective has been largely fruitless. In an attempt to extend the debate about evidence-based treatments and drawing upon those aspects of cognitive and behavioural therapies that have been shown to be effective in most settings, this article describes valued outcomes analysis and therapy as a means of assisting clients to understand their own behaviour as (sometimes unwanted) adaptations to environmental demands and then to learn alternative ways of achieving the goals they pursue. A case illustration is provided.
Perspectives Regarding the Role of School Psychologists: Perceptions of Teachers, Principals, and School Psychologists in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Thielking Monica , Jimerson Shane R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSchool psychologists have a unique and multifaceted role within schools and must work with a variety of stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to explore and understand the perspectives of other educational professionals regarding the roles of school psychologists. This study examined the perspectives of principals (N= 21), teachers (N= 86), and school psychologists (N= 81) regarding what they believe should be the role of school psychologists. Participants were working in Catholic, Independent, and Government primary and secondary schools across Victoria, Australia. Results revealed both similarities and differences between the three groups regarding perspectives about school psychologists' role. For instance, the three groups shared similar perspectives that school psychologists should: (a) conduct research on issues relevant to the school, (b) be up-to-date on relevant research, (c) conduct psychological assessments, (d) provide counselling to students, (e) organise group programs for students, (f) organise workshops and provide information to teachers on issues of students' welfare and (g) inform primary students' parents of their child's participation in counselling. However, the three groups also differed in their perspectives about some aspects of the school psychologists' role. It was notable that each of the differences in perceptions between the groups had implications for potential ethical dilemmas, for instance: (a) boundaries, (b) dual relationship, (c) confidentiality/who is the client? and (d) informed consent. Implications for practice and scholarship in the field of school psychology are discussed.
‘Give Me a Name for What's Wrong With Him’: A Case Study of a Rare Chromosome Disorder
Authors: Gilmore Linda , Campbell Marilyn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe case is presented of a young boy with a rare chromosome disorder involving an interstitial deletion on chromosome 16 (16q11.2q13). Background information on chromosome disorders is presented along with a review of previous findings about the developmental consequences of chromosome 16q deletions. The case description illustrates the developmental and educational difficulties that may be associated with rare chromosome disorders and raises some important issues for guidance and counselling professionals.
Effects of RSA Feedback on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Fourie Phillip 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders with particularly debilitating effects due to flashbacks and hypervigilance in daily life. Treatments commonly focus upon either pharmacological or psychotherapeutic modalities, but there is often a need to merge both of these approaches to deal effectively with the somatic, as well as the psychological, symptoms of PTSD in particular clients. This case study reports the application of a combined approach, using both client-centred counselling plus biofeedback of respiratory sinus arrhythmia to train the client to control his exaggerated sympathetic nervous system responses. Results indicated that both physiological and psychological measures of PTSD in this client significantly reduced during the seven treatment sessions.
A Community Approach to Suicide Prevention: A Look at American Campuses
Authors: McCarthy John , Salotti Mary Ann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUniversity counselling centre professionals in the United States have reported an increased complexity of presenting problems, including concerns related to depression. Whether arising from depression or another disorder, suicide does occur on American campuses and is the second leading cause of death in students of traditional college age. Drawing from mainstream and professional sources, this article provides a description of various institutional changes, ranging from policy changes to information dissemination, that are designed to prevent suicide on college campuses in the United States.
Weekend Formats in Counsellor Education: A Case Example in the United States
Authors: McCarthy John , Silliker S. Alan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVarious course and program formats have been developed to better meet the needs of graduate students. One of them is the development of weekend-only courses and programs. This article examines one weekend counsellor education format in the United States, the St. Bonaventure University program offered in the Buffalo (New York) area, in detail. This program is offered approximately 60 miles from its main campus, and 10 cohorts have graduated since its inception in 1995. Advantages of the program include closer learner–instructor relationships as well as the community spirit that is created through lengthier class times. Covering and learning course material in shorter time spans are important challenges. Suggestions for implementation of a weekend program are included.
Absence of Functional Peroxisomes from Mouse CNS Causes Dysmyelination and Axon Degeneration
Authors: Hulshagen Leen , Krysko Olga , Bottelbergs Astrid , Huyghe Steven , Klein Rüdiger , Van Veldhoven Paul P. , De Deyn Peter P. , D'Hooge Rudi , Hartmann Dieter , Baes Myriam 
Published: April 2008

Peroxisomal metabolism is essential for normal brain development both in men and in mice. Using conditional knock-out mice, we recently showed that peroxisome deficiency in liver has a severe and persistent impact on the formation of cortex and cerebellum, whereas absence of functional peroxisomes from the CNS only causes developmental delays without obvious alteration of brain architecture.We now report that a substantial fraction of the latterNes-Pex5knock-out mice survive into adulthood but develop progressive motoric and coordination problems, impaired exploration, and a deficit in cognition and die before the age of 6 months. Histopathologically, both the white and gray matter of the CNS displayed a region-specific accumulation of neutral lipids, astrogliosis and microgliosis, upregulation of catalase, and scattered cell death.Nes-Pex5knock-out mice featured a dramatic reduction of myelin staining in corpus callosum, whereas cerebellum and other white matter tracts were less affected or unchanged. This was accompanied by a depletion of alkenylphospholipids in myelin and differentially reduced immunoreactivity of myelin proteins. EM analysis revealed that myelin wrappings around axons did still form, but they showed a reduction in thickness relative to axon diameters. Remarkably, multifocal axonal damage occurred in the corpus callosum. Thereby, debris accumulated between axolemma and inner myelin surface and axons collapsed, although myelin sheaths remained present. These anomalies of myelinated axons were already present in juvenile mice but aggravated in adulthood. Together, loss of CNS peroxisomal metabolism both affects myelin sheaths and axonal integrity possibly via independent pathways.
Comprehensive MicroRNA Profiling Reveals a Unique Human Embryonic Stem Cell Signature Dominated by a Single Seed Sequence
Authors: Laurent Louise C. , Chen Jing , Ulitsky Igor , Mueller Franz-Josef , Lu Christina , Shamir Ron , Fan Jian-Bing , Loring Jeanne F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells are unique among cultured cells in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a wide diversity of cell types, suggesting that a specific molecular control network underlies these features. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are known to have distinct mRNA expression, global DNA methylation, and chromatin profiles, but the involvement of high-level regulators, such as microRNAs (miRNA), in the hESC-specific molecular network is poorly understood. We report that global miRNA expression profiling of hESCs and a variety of stem cell and differentiated cell types using a novel microarray platform revealed a unique set of miRNAs differentially regulated in hESCs, including numerous miRNAs not previously linked to hESCs. These hESC-associated miRNAs were more likely to be located in large genomic clusters, and less likely to be located in introns of coding genes. hESCs had higher expression of oncogenic miRNAs and lower expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs than the other cell types. Many miRNAs upregulated in hESCs share a common consensus seed sequence, suggesting that there is cooperative regulation of a critical set of target miRNAs. We propose that miRNAs are coordinately controlled in hESCs, and are key regulators of pluripotence and differentiation.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Environmental fate and effects of nicotine released during cigarette production
Authors: Seckar Joel A , Stavanja Mari S , Harp Paul R , Yi Yongsheng , Garner Charles D , Doi Jon 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A variety of test methods were used to study the gradation, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of nicotine. Studies included determination of the octanol–water partition coefficient, conversion to CO2 in soil and activated sludge, and evaluation of the effects on microbiological and algal inhibition as well as plant germination and root elongation. The partitioning of nicotine between octanol and water indicated that nicotine will not bioaccumulate regardless of the pH of the medium. The aqueous and soil-based biodegradation studies indicated that nicotine is readily biodegradable in both types of media. The microbiological inhibition and aquatic and terrestrial toxicity tests indicated that nicotine has low toxicity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity Profiler model, based on the structure of nicotine and the predictive rates of hydroxyl radical and ozone reactions, estimated an atmospheric half-life of less than 5.0 h. Using this value in the Canadian Environmental Modeling Center level III model, the half-life of nicotine was estimated as 3.0 d in water and 0.5 d in soil. This model also estimated nicotine discharge into the environment; nicotine would be expected to be found predominantly in water (93%), followed by soil (4%), air (3%), and sediment (0.4%). Using the estimated nicotine concentrations in water, soil, and sediment and the proper median effective concentrations derived from the algal growth, biomass inhibition, and buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination and root elongation studies, hazard quotients of between 10−7 and 10−8 were calculated, providing further support for the conclusion that the potential for nicotine toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial species in the environment is extremely low.
Water contamination events in UK drinking-water supply systems
Authors: Gray John 
Published: April 2008

Water supply companies in the UK have a duty under prime UK legislation to notify the Drinking Water Inspectorate of events affecting or potentially affecting the quality of drinking-water supplies. Under the same legislation, the Inspectorate has a duty to investigate each event. After assessing all of the information available, including companies' reports, the Inspectorate advises on the way in which the event was handled and whether any statutory requirements were contravened. If appropriate, a prosecution of the water company may be initiated. Copies of the assessment are sent to the water company, relevant local and health authorities, Ofwat (the economic regulator), the regional Consumer Council for Water and any other interested parties, including consumers who request it. Generic guidance may be issued to the industry on matters of wider concern.
This paper considers the role of the Inspectorate, the powers available to it and reporting arrangements. An overview is presented of events that occurred between 1990 and 2005 and common features are identified. Causes of different types of event are discussed. The importance of well-established contacts between the various interested parties involved in protecting public health is emphasised through discussion of example incidents.
Beyond Death: Inheriting the Past and Giving to the Future, Transmitting the Legacy of One's Self
Authors: Hunter Elizabeth G. 
Published: April 2008

This study explores the phenomenon of legacy as a component of the aging experience among women. Against a backdrop of prior focus on transmission of material possessions as the primary form of legacy, the concept is critically examined in developing an expanded, theoretically and empirically grounded perspective. In-depth interviews with 38 women, ranging in age from 31 to 94 and representing diverse marital, parental, and health statuses, reveal multiple dimensions of leaving a legacy in terms of content, creation, and transmission. Through the stories of the participants in this study, legacy emerges as a means of passing on the essence of one's self, in particular one's values and beliefs. Legacy is a method of leaving something behind after death and making meaning of the end of life. The desire to leave a legacy is manifest in many different ways dependent on the individual and their culture. While the idea of legacy is often couched in terms of material possessions, it appears that passing on values and beliefs is more important to older adults. Legacy—I was awakened to that idea while watching the movie Armistad. The man talks about how he is a collection of all of his ancestors. I never really thought about that before. I wrote this thing out on an index card and stuck it in my room. It says “I am all that I am for all that those have gone before me. I carry all of them in me.” When I was thinking about it in that way I thought wow, I have a lot to live up to. (Lisa K, 63 years old)
Thinking Outside of the Box (of wine, that is): An Exercise in Independence
Authors: Richardson Robert C. 
Published: April 2008

uditor independence is a concept that has received much attention in recent years. Traditional accounting and auditing classes have focused on teaching the rules of independence, with less emphasis on questioning the effectiveness of those rules. Huss and Patterson (1993) suggest that making comparisons between ethics in accounting and ethics in other fields can help identify strengths and weaknesses in accounting rules, as well as aid students in identifying ethical dilemmas.
Robert Parker is a wine critic who provides opinions to wine consumers through his journal, The Wine Advocate, subtitled “The Independent Consumer's Bimonthly Guide to Fine Wine.” This exercise will give you the opportunity to study independence in an unrelated field (i.e., “out of the box”) with hopes that you will develop your own views and attitudes about independence and later apply those values and skills to accounting.
EDI Adoption and Implementation: An Examination of Perceived Operational and Strategic Benefits, and Controls
Authors: Sriram Ram S. , Arunachalam Vairam , Ivancevich Daniel M. 
Published: April 2008

In recent years, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has revolutionized the way in which businesses conduct their trading activities. Even though the popularity and potential attached to EDI is growing rapidly, knowledge regarding the nature of EDI benefits and EDI control practices is very limited. This paper reports the results of a survey of EDI users that explores these key implementation issues. This study focuses on organizational factors that are associated with EDI adoption and implementation.
Findings indicate that organizations experience both operational and strategic benefits from EDI. Customer-initiated EDI users recognized slightly greater EDI strategic benefits than did other users. Also, long-time users recognized both strategic and operational benefits in greater proportions than did more recent users, and smaller firms more often cited better customer service and convenience (as strategic and operational benefits, respectively) from implementing EDI. An examination of control practices revealed that while some basic procedures such as passwords and logs are widely used, the overall EDI control structure is typically weak. The role of management support and awareness and the implications for the management and control of EDI are also discussed.
Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Serine Phosphorylation and Glycerol Exchange Across Skeletal Muscle in Lean and Obese Subjects
Authors: Jocken Johan W.E. , Roepstorff Carsten , Goossens Gijs H. , van der Baan Paula , van Baak Marleen , Saris Wim H.M. , Kiens Bente , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—Increased intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) storage is a characteristic of the obese insulin-resistant state. We aimed to investigate whether a blunted fasting or β-adrenergically mediated lipolysis contributes to this increased IMTG storage in obesity.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forearm skeletal muscle lipolysis was investigated in 13 lean and 10 obese men using [2H5]glycerol combined with the measurement of arteriovenous differences before and during β-adrenergic stimulation using the nonselective β-agonist isoprenaline (ISO). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and during ISO to investigate hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein expression and serine phosphorylation.
RESULTS—Baseline total glycerol release across the forearm was significantly blunted in obese compared with lean subjects (P = 0.045). This was accompanied by lower HSL protein expression (P = 0.004), HSL phosphorylation on PKA sites Ser563 (P = 0.041) and Ser659 (P = 0.09), and HSL phosphorylation on the AMPK site Ser565 (P = 0.007), suggesting a blunted skeletal muscle lipolysis in obesity. Total forearm glycerol uptake during baseline did not differ significantly between groups, whereas higher net fatty acid uptake across the forearm was observed in the obese (P = 0.064). ISO induced an increase in total glycerol release from skeletal muscle, which was not significantly different between groups. Interestingly, this was accompanied by an increase in HSL Ser659 phosphorylation in obese subjects during ISO compared with baseline (P = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS—Obesity is accompanied by impaired fasting glycerol release, lower HSL protein expression, and serine phosphorylation. It remains to be determined whether this is a primary factor or an adaptation to the obese insulin-resistant state.
Glucose Metabolism In Vivo in Four Commonly Used Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Berglund Eric D. , Li Candice Y. , Poffenberger Greg , Ayala Julio E. , Fueger Patrick T. , Willis Shannon E. , Jewell Marybeth M. , Powers Alvin C. , Wasserman David H. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—To characterize differences in whole-body glucose metabolism between commonly used inbred mouse strains.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (∼8.5 mmol/l) and -hypoglycemic (∼3.0 mmol/l) clamps were done in catheterized, 5-h-fasted mice to assess insulin action and hypoglycemic counter-regulatory responsiveness. Hyperglycemic clamps (∼15 mmol/l) were done to assess insulin secretion and compared with results in perifused islets.
RESULTS—Insulin action and hypoglycemic counter-regulatory and insulin secretory phenotypes varied considerably in four inbred mouse strains. In vivo insulin secretion was greatest in 129X1/Sv mice, but the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia was blunted. FVB/N mice in vivo showed no increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, relative hepatic insulin resistance, and the highest counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia. In DBA/2 mice, insulin action was lowest among the strains, and islets isolated had the greatest glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. In C57BL/6 mice, in vivo physiological responses to hyperinsulinemia at euglycemia and hypoglycemia were intermediate relative to other strains. Insulin secretion by C57BL/6 mice was similar to that in other strains in contrast to the blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets.
CONCLUSIONS—Strain-dependent differences exist in four inbred mouse strains frequently used for genetic manipulation and study of glucose metabolism. These results are important for selecting inbred mice to study glucose metabolism and for interpreting and designing experiments.
The neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum
Authors: Costin Simona , Dumitrascu Dan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors arise from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and secrete several peptides and bioactive amines (serotonin, histamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, corticotropin, calcitonin, bradykinin, kalikrein, gastrin, cholecystokinin, prostaglandins). The most common occurrence site of neuroendocrine tumors is the ileum. The symptoms of small bowel carcinoids are represented by intermittent intestinal obstruction and carcinoid syndrome. Presence of the carcinoid syndrome usually indicates hepatic or retroperitoneal metastases. The typical carcinoid syndrome is characterized by flushing, diarrhea, nonspecific abdominal pain and bronchospasm. The diagnosis of small bowel tumors is often difficult due to their rarity and the nonspecific and variable nature of the presenting signs and symptoms. The most useful initial diagnostic test for the carcinoid syndrome is to measure 24-hour urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5 HIAA), which is the end product of serotonin metabolism. Capsule endoscopy is a more recent diagnostic tool. Surgery is the radical form of curative therapy for carcinoid tumors. Numerous therapies are available for palliation including surgery, pharmacologic therapy, interventional radiologic therapy, embolization and chemoembolization of hepatic metastases, immunotherapy (Interferon alfa) and chemotherapy. We carefully reviewed the available literature on this topic before beginning our study.