bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of microgap location and configuration on the periimplant bone morphology in submerged implants. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Weng Dietmar , Nagata Maria José Hitomi , Bell Matthias , Bosco Alvaro Francisco , De Melo Luiz Gustavo Nascimento , Richter Ernst‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectives: The vertical location of the implant‐abutment connection influences the periimplant bone morphology. It is unknown, however, whether different microgap configurations cause different bone reactions. Therefore, in this study the bone morphologies of two different implant systems were compared.Material and methods: Three months after tooth extraction in eight mongrel dogs, two grit‐blasted screw implants with internal Morse taper connection (ANK group) were placed on one side whereas the contralateral side received two oxidized screw implants with external hex (TIU group). One implant on each side was placed level with the bone (equicrestal), the second implant was inserted 1.5 mm below bone level (subcrestal). After 3 months the implants were uncovered. Three months after stage two surgery, histometrical evaluations were performed in order to assess the periimplant bone levels (PBL), the first bone‐to‐implant contact points (BICP), the width (HBD) and the steepness (SLO) of the bone defect.Results: All implants osseointegrated clinically and histologically. Bone overgrowth of the microgap was seen in ANK implants only. No significant differences between ANK and TIU could be detected in neither vertical position for PBL and BICP. However, a tendency in favor of ANK was visible when the implants were placed subcrestally. In the parameters HBD (ANK equicrestal −0.23 mm; TIU equicrestal −0.51 mm; ANK subcrestal +0.19 mm; TIU subcrestal −0.57 mm) and SLO (ANK equicrestal 35.36°; TIU equicrestal 63.22°; ANK subcrestal 20.40°; TIU subcrestal 44.43°) more pronounced and significant differences were noted.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that different microgap designs cause different shapes and sizes of the periimplant (‘dish‐shaped’) bone defect in submerged implants both in equicrestal and subcrestal positions.
Incidence of inter‐proximal papilla between a tooth and an adjacent immediate implant placed into a fresh extraction socket: 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Lops Diego , Chiapasco Matteo , Rossi Alessandro , Bressan Eriberto , Romeo Eugenio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground: Implant single‐tooth replacement with a natural appearance is a challenging and demanding procedure. The aim of this prospective study was to identify the factors affecting the presence of an inter‐proximal papilla between a tooth and an implant.Methods: Forty‐six patients with a total of 46 teeth scheduled for tooth extraction and immediate implant placement into fresh sockets were included in the study. Immediate implants were positioned after teeth removal. After 4 months of healing, the implants were restored with single crown fixed prostheses. The following parameters were assessed: (1) presence/absence of the inter‐proximal papilla, (2) gingival index, (3) inter‐implant–tooth distance (ITD) and (4) distance from the base of the contact point to the inter‐dental bone (CPB). A computerized analysis was performed to determine ITD and CPB values after converting perioapical radiographs to digitalized images. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the effect of ITD and CPB on the presence or absence of the inter‐proximal papilla.Results: All the implants were restored, so that a 100% of implant survival rate was observed after 12 months of function. Mean values were recorded for ITD and CPB parameters, respectively. When ITD was 3–4 mm, and CPB was 3–5 mm, the inter‐proximal papilla was significantly present (P<0.05).Conclusions: The recommended inter‐proximal space dimensions are 3–4 mm between an implant and the adjacent tooth, and 3–5 mm between the base of the CPB. The interaction between the surgical and prosthetic plans represents the key factor to optimize the edentulous site for predictable anterior single‐implant esthetics.
Comparative osteogenesis of maxilla and iliac crest human bone marrow stromal cells attached to oxidized titanium: a pilot study
Authors: Akintoye Sunday O. , Giavis Parascevi , Stefanik Derek , Levin Lawrence , Mante Francis K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectives: Severe alveolar bone loss affects dental implant placement. Bone augmentation by grafting iliac crest bone rich in osteoprogenitor cells such as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) requires a second surgical procedure in non‐orofacial bone. Skeletal site‐specific osteogenesis indicates maxilla and mandible BMSCs are highly proliferative and exhibit osteogenic properties superior to iliac crest BMSCs. Alveolar bone can be easily obtained during routine dental surgery, but it is unclear if titanium‐attached alveolar BMSCs will retain their superior osteogenic properties. This study evaluated and compared in vitro osteogenic properties of titanium‐attached maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs in same individuals.Material and methods: Primary culture of maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs from four normal healthy volunteers was expanded in culture. In 24‐well plates, first passage BMSCs were seeded directly (1 × 104 cells/well) on oxidized titanium disks (1.27 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness) or tissue culture plate. Each cell type was assessed for affinity for titanium, post‐attachment survival and osteogenic differentiation based on alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin expressions.Results: There was no difference in the affinity of maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs to titanium. However, titanium‐attached maxilla BMSCs were apparently more osteogenically responsive than iliac crest cells based on calcium accumulation and gene expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. But these differences were not statistically significant in this small patient sample.Conclusion: Maxilla and iliac crest BMSCs have similar attachment affinity for titanium. This pilot study indicates that titanium‐attached maxilla BMSCs are more osteogenically responsive and may be a viable and more readily available donor graft material in implant dentistry.
Immunohistochemical PGP 9.5 positivity in human osteoblasts may indicate that compensatory and dysplastic craniofacial growth are under control by peripheral nerves
Authors: Kjær I , Nolting D 
Published: October 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Kjær I, Nolting DObjectives –  The purpose was to examine human osteoblasts immunohistochemically in order to clarify the significance of the innervation for alveolar bone growth.Setting and Sample Population –  Unstained sections available from 21 normal human mandibles (foetal gestational ages: 14–22 weeks).Material and Methods –  Before sectioning in 1980–1990, the mandibular tissue had been fixed in 4% neutral‐buffered formaldehyde for 5 days. Tissue blocks were then decalcified in equal parts of 2% citric acid and 20% sodium citrate for 7–15 days, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and sagittally cut into 4‐μm‐thick serial sections and mounted on Superfrost® Plus microscope slides. Sections were dried overnight at 40°C. In the present study, paraffin sections were deparaffinized and treated with Tris‐EDTA (Merck, Germany), pH 9.0, and immunohistochemically tested with polyclonal rabbit anti‐PGP 9.5, and the EnVision™+/HRP dual link (K4065; DAKO Denmark A/S, Denmark) method.Results –  A pronounced protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 activity was registered in osteoblasts from alveolar bone in all specimens. In all cases, the activity was intense at the top of and labially to the alveolar bone, while less or no activity was observed on the inner lingual aspects of the alveolar processes. Osteoclasts and osteocytes reacted vaguely or negatively.Conclusion –  As the present study has demonstrated that human osteoblast activity in the alveolar bone seemingly responds to innervation, it is suggested that the peripheral nervous system via the trigeminal ganglion regulates compensatory and dysplastic alveolar bone formation.
Periodontal condition of the mandibular anterior dentition in patients with conventional and self‐ligating brackets
Authors: Pandis N , Vlachopoulos K , Polychronopoulou A , Madianos P , Eliades T 
Published: October 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Pandis N, Vlachopoulos K, Polychronopoulou A, Madianos P, Eliades TObjectives –  To explore whether the use of self‐ligating brackets is associated with better values for periodontal indices because of the lack of elastomeric modules and concomitantly, reduced availability of retentive sites for microbial colonization and plaque accumulation.Setting and Sample Population –  Private practice of the first author. Patients were selected using the following inclusion criteria: age range 12–17 years, fixed appliances on both arches, aligned mandibular arch, and absence of oral habits and anterior crossbites.Materials and Methods –  Prospective cohort investigation. Participants were grouped for bracket type, thus 50 patients formed the conventional bracket cohort and 50 patients the self‐ligating bracket cohort. Both cohorts were followed with the purpose to examine periodontal status. Average length of follow‐up was 18 months. This time period was considered adequate for a proportion of study participants to experience the outcome of interest. Outcome variables were plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, and probing depth for the two bracket cohorts.Results –  No difference was found in the indices recorded between the two bracket cohorts studied.Conclusion –  Under the conditions as applied in this study, the self‐ligating brackets do not have an advantage over conventional brackets with respect to the periodontal status of the mandibular anterior teeth.
Skull thickness in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions
Authors: Arntsen T , Kjær I , Sonnesen L 
Published: October 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Arntsen T, Kjær I, Sonnesen LObjectives –  To measure skull thickness in a group of subjects with skeletal Class II and a group with skeletal Class III malocclusion and compare these results with a group with Class I occlusion.Setting and Sample Population –  Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. The Class II group comprised 25 females aged 17–42 (mean 26.0). The Class III group comprised 53 patients, 29 females aged 17–39 (mean 24.2) and 24 males aged 17–38 (mean 22.6). The control group comprised 39 subjects, 19 females and 20 males, aged 22–30, with a neutral occlusion and normal vertical and sagittal jaw relationship.Material and Methods –  The thickness of the frontal, parietal and occipital bones was measured on lateral radiographs of patients with skeletal Class II and Class III and compared with the control group. Method error ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 mm and reliability coefficients from 0.79 to 0.97. Unpaired t‐tests were used for evaluating differences in thickness.Results –  Females with skeletal Class II malocclusion had a significantly thinner occipital bone and thicker frontal bones than the control females. Skull thickness in Class III malocclusion was comparable to the control group.Conclusion –  The most important outcome of this study was reduced skull thickness in the occipital area and thickening of the frontal bone in females with skeletal Class II malocclusion compared with females with Class I. Deviations in the theca cranii are thus associated with skeletal Class II malocclusions.
Temporomandibular joint adaptations following two‐phase therapy: an MRI study
Authors: Wadhawan N , Kumar S , Kharbanda OP , Duggal R , Sharma R 
Published: October 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Wadhawan N, Kumar S, Kharbanda OP, Duggal R, Sharma RAim –  To document the alterations within the condyle‐glenoid fossa (C‐GF) complex and the positional changes of the glenoid fossa in the cranium after removable functional appliance therapy and after the completion of fixed appliance therapy.Setting and Sample –  The Department of Orthodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. The study sample consisted of 12 growing children (eight girls and four boys) between 10 and 14 years of age with skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion selected on well defined criteria.Materials and Methods –  All patients were treated with either the Twin Block or the Bionator appliance followed by fixed appliances. Mean total treatment duration was 28 months. The changes in and around the C‐GF complex were evaluated using MRI at pre‐treatment stage, after functional appliance therapy and at the completion of fixed mechanotherapy.Results –  Forward condylar position within the glenoid fossa and articular disc retrusion with respect to the condylar head were statistically significant after functional appliance therapy. However, the condyles had a relatively concentric position within the glenoid fossa, while the articular disc resumed its pre‐treatment position at the end of the treatment. Linear measurements from the centre of the external auditory meatus to the post‐glenoid spine revealed a 1.3‐mm forward relocation of the post‐glenoid spine along the Frankfurt Horizontal plane.Conclusions –  Forward relocation of the C‐GF complex seems to be one of the mechanisms of action of functional appliances, while the internal anatomic arrangement within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex normalizes to its pre‐treatment position.
Frequency of Mediterranean mutation among a group of Saudi G6PD patients in Western region‐Jeddah
Authors: GARI M. A. , CHAUDHARY A. G. , AL‐QAHTANI M. H. , ABUZENADAH A. M. , WASEEM A. , BANNI H. , AL‐SAYES F. M. , AL‐HARBI A. , LARY S. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), a common human enzymatic defects characterized by extreme molecular and biochemical heterogeneity is found to have a variable frequency in different regions. The molecular basis of polymorphic variants in Saudi Arabia have yet to be fully addressed to. Accordingly, a study was designed to determine the frequency of G6PD gene mutations in G6PD deficient cases. From forty‐seven unrelated G6PD‐deficient subjects, DNA was extracted individually from peripheral blood samples and exons 6 and 7 of the G6PD gene were amplified by PCR. Mutation analysis was carried out by using conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE), followed by direct DNA sequencing. The results showed definite altered CSGE patterns. Two mutations were resolved in exon 6 of G6PD gene; Mediterranean mutation and Sibari mutation, not previously reported so far; while no mutation was detected in exon 7. The frequency of exons 6 mutations responsible for G6PD deficiency (Mediterranean type) is reported for the first time from this region, with a figure of 50.1%. The absence of other mutations in exon 7 causing G6PD deficiency points to the low genetic diversity in the studied population.
Discrepancies between APTT results determined with different evaluation modes on automated coagulation analyzers
Authors: MILOS M. , HERAK D. COEN. , ZADRO R. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryModern photo‐optical coagulometers collect optical data in the form of reaction curves and offer a possibility to determine clotting times at different points of clot formation by using different evaluation modes. The objectives of this study were to determine the possible impact of an evaluation mode on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) results and to investigate potential benefits from visual inspection of obtained reaction curves. APTT was determined by using actin FS as reagent on two coagulometers (Siemens Medical Solutions) in 174 plasma samples with three different evaluation modes: fixed absorbance (FA), drifting baseline (DB), and point of inflexion (POI) on Behring coagulation timer (BCT), and with DB mode on Behring coagulation system (BCS). Statistically significant difference of APTT results applying the Friedman’s test (P < 0.0001) followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test (P < 0.05) was obtained in all tested samples between POI mode and all other evaluation modes, independently of analyzer used. The differences obtained indicated that laboratory professionals must be aware of possible different evaluation modes on different analyzers, and establish evaluation mode‐specific reference intervals. Moreover, correctness of a reported result could be confirmed only by visual analysis of the reaction curve.
HOMOSEXUALITY: PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC ISSUES
Authors: Downey Jennifer I. , Friedman Richard C. 
Published: October 2008

abstract The ideas of psychoanalytically‐oriented psychotherapists about human sexuality have changed radically in recent years. During the past three decades we have worked toward revising traditional psychoanalytic ideas about sexual orientation in particular. This revision has contributed to changes in clinical theory and practice, and we review both our own work, and these changes, in this article. We have approached the many complex scientific and clinical problems in this field from a developmental, biopsychosocial perspective. We have also emphasized the importance of integrating psychoanalytic theories of sexuality with advances in neuroscience, descriptive psychiatry and sexology generally.In this article we draw on our experience as researchers and clinicians to discuss such common clinical problems in psychotherapeutic work with non‐heterosexual patients as assessment of the patient, homophobia, internalized homophobia, gender differences among patients and therapists, the ageing patient, sexual orientation of the therapist, and transference and countertransference.
Validation, Performance under Field Conditions, and Cost-Effectiveness of Capillus HIV-1/HIV-2 and Determine HIV-1/2 Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Assays Using Sequential and Parallel Testing Algorithms in Tanzania
Authors: Mayhood Meghan K. , Afwamba Isaac A. , Odhiambo Christopher O. , Ndanu Epimack , Thielman Nathan M. , Morrissey Anne B. , Shao John F. , Wells Pence Brian , Crump John A. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests support the effort to expand access to HIV testing and counseling services in remote, rural, and poor parts of the world. We validated the Capillus HIV-1/HIV-2 (Trinity Biotech PLC, Bray, County Wicklow, Ireland) and Determine HIV-1/2 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) rapid tests in a reference laboratory using patient samples from Tanzania and evaluated the performance of the tests under field conditions in northern Tanzania. We used the resulting data to study sequential and parallel testing algorithms. In the validation study, sensitivity, specificity, the predictive value of a positive test (PV
+
), and the predictive value of a negative test (PV
−
) were all 100% for Capillus and Determine. In the field evaluation among 12,737 clients, sensitivity, specificity, PV
+
, and PV
−
were 99.7%, 99.8%, 98.7%, and 99.9%, respectively, for Capillus and 99.6%, 99.9%, 99.5%, and 99.9%, respectively, for Determine. A sequential testing algorithm that did not confirm a negative initial Capillus result with a Determine result cost $7.77 per HIV diagnosis but missed 0.3% of HIV infections. A sequential testing algorithm that did not confirm a negative initial Determine result with a Capillus result cost $7.64 per HIV diagnosis but missed 0.4% of HIV infections. A parallel testing algorithm cost $13.46 per HIV diagnosis but detected more HIV-infected clients.
Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in an Area of Low Endemicity in 2004 to 2006: Semiquantitative Drug Susceptibility Testing and Genotyping
Authors: Springer Burkhard , Calligaris-Maibach Romana C. , Ritter Claudia , Böttger Erik C. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

We determined the quantitative levels and the genetic mechanisms of resistance in drug-resistant clinical isolates of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
sampled over a period of 3 years (
n
= 45; 17 of the isolate were multidrug resistant). Our results led us to hypothesize that some strains categorized as resistant to isoniazid, ethambutol, or streptomycin by standard laboratory procedures of in vitro drug susceptibility testing may still respond to a treatment regimen that includes these agents.
Optimization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins with V1/V2 Deleted, Using Virus Evolution
Authors: Bontjer Ilja , Land Aafke , Eggink Dirk , Verkade Erwin , Tuin Kiki , Baldwin Chris , Pollakis Georgios , Paxton William A. , Braakman Ineke , Berkhout Ben , Sanders Rogier W. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) complex is the principal focus of neutralizing antibody-based vaccines. The functional Env complex is a trimer consisting of six individual subunits: three gp120 molecules and three gp41 molecules. The individual subunits have proven unsuccessful as vaccines presumably because they do not resemble the functional Env complex. Variable domains and carbohydrates shield vulnerable neutralization epitopes on the functional Env complex. The deletion of variable loops has been shown to improve gp120's immunogenicity; however, problems have been encountered when introducing such modifications in stabilized Env trimer constructs. To address these issues, we have created a set of V1/V2 and V3 loop deletion variants in the context of complete virus to allow optimization by forced virus evolution. Compensatory second-site substitutions included the addition and/or removal of specific carbohydrates, changes in the disulfide-bonded architecture of the V1/V2 stem, the replacement of hydrophobic residues by hydrophilic and charged residues, and changes in distal parts of gp120 and gp41. These viruses displayed increased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, demonstrating the improved exposure of conserved domains. The results show that we can select for functionally improved Env variants with loop deletions through forced virus evolution. Selected evolved Env variants were transferred to stabilized Env trimer constructs and were shown to improve trimer expression and secretion. Based on these findings, we can make recommendations on how to delete the V1/V2 domain from recombinant Env trimers for vaccine and X-ray crystallography studies. In general, virus evolution may provide a powerful tool to optimize Env vaccine antigens.
Role of Thiol/Disulfide Exchange in Newcastle Disease Virus Entry
Authors: Jain Surbhi , McGinnes Lori W. , Morrison Trudy G. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) entry into host cells is mediated by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins. We previously showed that production of free thiols in F protein is required for membrane fusion directed by F protein (S. Jain et al., J. Virol. 81:2328-2339, 2007). In the present study we evaluated the oxidation state of F protein in virions and virus-like particles and its relationship to activation of F protein by HN protein, F protein conformational intermediates, and virus-cell fusion. F protein, in particles, does not have free thiols, but free thiols were produced upon binding of particles to target cells. Free thiols were produced at 16°C in F protein in virions bound to the target cells. They also appeared in different fusion defective mutant F proteins. Free thiols were produced in the presence of mutant HN proteins that are defective in F protein activation but are attachment competent. These results suggest that free thiols appear prior to any of the proposed major conformational changes in F protein which accompany fusion activation. These results also indicate that HN protein binding to its receptor likely facilitates the interaction between F protein and host cell isomerases, leading to reduction of disulfide bonds in F protein. Taken together, these results show that free thiols are produced in F protein at a very early stage during the onset of fusion and that the production of free thiols is required for fusion in addition to activation by HN protein.