bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of urolithiasis in cats
Authors: HESSE A. , SANDERS G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe incidence of urolithiasis in cats is 0.6 per cent. A total of 41 calculi were subjected to epidemiological and analytical investigation. Calculus formation is most frequent in male castrates and occurs exclusively in the bladder and urethra. Eighty per cent of the animals under investigation were overweight and the same percentage required surgical or instrumental treatment. Thirty‐seven per cent of the calculi were recurrent, but only 22 per cent were accompanied by an infection. A predisposition due to diet (dry food/tinned food) was not established. Over 75 per cent of the calculi which were analysed consisted of struvite, the formation of which is promoted by an increased pH‐value, as well as by a high level of magnesium and phosphate in the urine. The crystalline structure of the calculi indicates a slow growth rate not influenced by an acute infection. The genesis of struvite urolithiasis in cats, as well as measures to prevent its recurrence, are explained.
The radiological features of non‐osteogenic malignant tumours of bone in the appendicular skeleton of the dog: a review of thirty‐four cases
Authors: GIBBS CHRISTINE , DENNY H. R. , LUCKE V. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical features, sites of origin and radiological changes in 34 dogs with 38 histologically proven non‐osteogenic malignant tumours of the appendicular skeleton are reported. The incidence of such tumours when compared with the number of osteosarcomas recorded during the same period is much higher than in previously reported series. A wide variety of tumour types was recorded, fibrosarcomas (nine cases), metastatic deposits (eight cases) and haemangiosarcomas (five cases) being the most common. No distinctive features could be related to histological type, but only one tumour in this group demonstrated radiological signs indistinguishable from those previously classified as characteristic of osteosarcoma (Gibbs, Denny & Kelly, 1984). Lung metastases were detected radiographically in approximately 15 per cent of cases. Of eight dogs treated, either by amputation or surgical excision, three are known to have survived without recurrence for more than two years.
Pneumomediastinum in seventeen dogs: aetiology and radiographic signs
Authors: BROEK A. van den 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe aetiology, pathogenesis and radiographic signs of pneumomediastinum are reviewed. A series of seventeen cases in dogs is reported. In these seventeen dogs thoracic trauma was the most common cause of pneumomediastinum. The most frequent and reliable radiographic signs were, delineation of both the inner and outer aspects of the tracheal wall, identification of the azygos vein and the presence of mediastinal air pockets. Pneumothorax was also present in fifteen cases. The radiographic appearance of pneumomediastinum is compared with that of oesophageal air.
Avulsion of the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon in three dogs
Authors: BREE H. van 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThree cases are described in which avulsion of the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon occurred. All three dogs were presented with a lameness of long duration. In two cases the avulsion followed a treatment for tendinitis of the Achilles tendon by local infiltration of corticosteroids. One dog was presented with this condition after a long standing treatment for cystitis. The three dogs were presented with characteristic clinical and radiological signs accompanying this tendon injury. Two of these patients were treated by surgical repair of the avulsed tendon combined with temporary immobilization of the hock accomplished by transfixation using methyl methacrylate* as external fixation. Within twelve weeks following surgery, these dogs had regained normal function without any evidence of gait abnormality. The third dog, treated conservatively failed to regain normal function.
Evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against larval and adult Toxocara canis in unweaned dogs
Authors: JACOBS D. E. , GOWLING G. , FOSTER J. , REID J. F. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of oxfendazole given at a dose‐rate of 10 mg kg‐1 for 3 consecutive days against adult and larval Toxocara canis was determined in four litters of naturally infected unweaned greyhound pups. Comparison of the worm‐burdens of four pups treated on days 30–32 post partum with four matched litter‐mate untreated controls gave an apparent efficacy value of 98‐5 per cent, the numbers of adult T. canis at post mortem examination being 3 and 202, respectively. A similar comparison involving 10 pups treated on the 5th to 7th days of life, when the T. canis would have been in various stages of larval development, gave an overall efficacy value of 75.8 per cent, with worm‐counts of 1,325 and 321 for control and treatment groups. However, a greater reduction (84.1–91.7 per cent) was observed in worms achieving a length of 40 mm by the time of post mortem examination (Day 21 post partum) than in shorter worms. In the latter case, no demonstrable anthelmintic activity was detected.
Feline giardiasis: a review
Authors: KIRKPATRICK C. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Giardia is a widespread and common protozoan parasite of domestic cats, with reported prevalences of infection ranging from 1 to 11 per cent. Chronic diarrhoea, either intermittent or continuous, which does not respond to routine antidiarrhoeal treatments is characteristic of giardiasis; although illness does not necessarily result from infection. Giardia cysts or trophozoites may be detected in the faeces of infected cats; however, the small size of the cysts (relative to helminth ova), their transparency, and their discontinuous excretion by cats may frustrate diagnosis. Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation is the method of choice for detection of faecal Giardia cysts. Clinically affected cats respond well to oral metronidazole or furazolidone treatments. The relationship of G. felis to the Giardia spp. of other mammals (including man) remains controversial.
Invasive thymoma complicated by pneumothorax and haemothorax in a dog
Authors: SQUIRES R. A. , GASKELL C. J. , KELLY D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn invasive thymoma associated with pneumothorax and haemothorax is described in a 3^‐year‐old Labrador Retriever. Diagnosis was based upon radiological and surgical findings and confirmed at autopsy. The case is compared with other thymomas reported in the dog.
Bilateral blindness in a dog due to invasion of the optic chiasma by a glioma
Authors: SKERRITT G. C. , OBWOLO M. J. , SQUIRES R. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA diagnosis of neoplasia involving the optic chiasma of an 8‐year‐old Labrador Retriver was suggested by the neurological and radiological findings. At post‐mortem examination the location of the tumour was confirmed and it was identified as an oligodendroglioma.
Surgery of the canine external auditory meatus: a review of failures
Authors: LANE J. G. , LITTLE C. J. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAnalysis of the contributing causes of failure of surgery of the external auditory meatus is presented. One hundred and thirty‐five dogs were examined including 46 with bilateral persistence of signs of otitis. The single most frequent feature to which failure was attributed was otitis media, but errors of case selection and deficient surgical technique were also common factors.
Vaginal neoplasia in the bitch: a review of forty clinical cases
Authors: KYDD D. M. , BURNIE A. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTForty cases of vaginal neoplasia in the bitch are described. Twenty‐one neoplasms were examined histologically, the remaining 19 being identified by gross morphology. The mean age at presentation was 11‐2 years, in only one case was the bitch neutered, and all but one were nulliparous. Presenting signs included vaginal discharge, swelling of vulva, and urinary or faecal tenesmus. Mammary tumours, ovarian cysts or tumours, pyometra, or a history of previous treatment with ‘reproductive hormones’ were found in all but four of the histologically confirmed cases. Treatment involved resection of the tumour after episiotomy in 15 cases, and also ovariohysterectomy in five of these cases. No tumour recurred after surgery and survival periods ranged from 4 months to 4 years. The most common tumours were leiomyomas.
Preliminary results of maxillectomy in the dog and cat
Authors: EMMS S. G. , HARVEY C. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMaxillectomy was used in the treatment of 23 dogs and four cats with oral tumours and one dog with osteomyelitis. The major post‐operative complication was wound dehiscence. All dehiscences occurred in dogs with tumour epicentres caudal to PM1. Maxillectomy in eight dogs with oral fibrosarcoma gave disappointing results (median survival time of 7 months and a median tumour‐free interval of 3½ months). Three of four dogs with squamous cell carcinoma were tumour free after a minimum follow‐up period of 6 months; two of these dogs received orthovoltage radiation therapy following surgery. Maxillectomy provided excellent local control of benign tumours: three epulides and one atypical odontogenic tumour did not recur (minimum follow‐up period was 10 months); an osteoma recurred after 17 months. Four cats, three with squamous cell carcinoma and one with fibrosarcoma, developed local tumour recurrence within 4 months.
Skin disease in dogs associated with zinc deficiency: a report of five cases
Authors: BROEK A. H. M. van den , THODAY K. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe literature on zinc deficiency is discussed. Five cases of skin disease in dogs associated with zinc deficiency are described. All the animals were Labrador Retrievers. Lesions in all cases were similar and consisted of a dry hair coat, mild generalized seborrhoea sicca and bilaterally symmetrical, focal, yellow crusts and scale over the distal parts of the limbs and the chin. These were accompanied by ceruminous otitis externa and superficial lymphomegaly. The serum and hair zinc concentrations were markedly subnormal in all cases. Treatment with oral zinc sulphate produced a rapid resolution of physical signs and restoration of serum zinc concentrations to the reference range.All dogs were fed on unsupplemented cereal‐based diets. The clinical condition appeared to arise from dietary imbalances rather than an absolute deficiency of zinc, although there may have been accompanying inherent defects of zinc absorption in some cases.
Secondary lymphoedema in a dog
Authors: CARMICHAEL N. G. , WATSON A. D. J. , ROTHWELL T. L. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOedema associated with obstruction of the lymphatic pathways is termed lymphoedema. A number of cases of primary lymphoedema attributed to congenital lymphatic abnormalities have been reported in dogs. Cases associated with secondary or acquired lymphatic drainage failure are rare. This paper reports a dog with generalized peripheral oedema in which a presumptive diagnosis of secondary lymphoedema was made and discusses the causes, investigation and treatment of lymphoedema.
BSAVA EDUCATION COMMITTEE COMMISSIONED ARTICLE
Authors: LITTLEWOOD JANET D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCorrect diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate management in cases presented with a bleeding tendency is important, since failure to achieve these objectives may result in the death of the patient. Whilst the coagulopathy due to vitamin K antagonism caused by coumarin compounds (e.g. Warfarin) is a well known entity, it is by no means the most common cause of bleeding diatheses. The clinical and laboratory features which allow differentiation of the more commonly encountered bleeding disorders highlighted, and aspects of case management covered.
Localized tumours of the canine small intestine: a report of twenty cases
Authors: GIBBS CHRISTINE , PEARSON H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDuring a 10 year period. 20 dogs with primary localized neoplasia of the small intestine were presented at the University of Bristol Veterinary School. Half the tumours were carcinomas, the remainder being lymphosarcomas (5 cases), leiomyosarcomas (3 cases) and leiomyomas (2 cases) Lesions occurred at a variety of locations along the tract, but descending duodenum (6 cases) and terminal ileum (4 cases) were the commonest sites. Clinical findings varied. All dogs except three presented with chronic illnesses, but only seven showed signs immediately referable to alimentary tract disease. Abnormalities were found at radiographic examination in all cases except one and provided or confirmed the indication for laparotomy. Ten animals were destroyed at the time of surgery, two died during the immediate post‐operative period and three were later destroyed because of suspected recurrence. Four dogs are reported well at intervals of between nine months and two years following surgery.
Hypothyroidism in the dog: a retrospective study of sixteen cases
Authors: KAELIN S. , WATSON A. D. J. , CHURCH D. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSixteen dogs with confirmed hypothyroidism were reviewed. The diagnosis was based on subnormal plasma thyroxine concentration and poor response following TSH administration. Common clinical signs were alopecia (12 dogs), lethargy (11) and obesity (11). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were abnormally high in 10 of 14 cases tested, five of 12 were anaemic and three of five had increased creatine phosphokinase activity. Skin changes compatible with endocrinopathy were present in all five cases biopsied. Spontaneous muscle activity was found on electromyography in four cases so examined. All dogs were treated with sodium levothyroxine, and 10 of 13 for which information was available responded satisfactorily.
Haemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency) in the cat
Authors: LITTLEWOOD JANET D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of haemophilia A (classical haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency) in a cat is described. The cat presented with persistent bleeding from an oral wound, and protracted haemorrhage after castration. The diagnosis and management of this case is described. Subsequent investigation of the dam and a recent litter identified a further affected male kitten.
Myeloproliferative disorder in four dogs involving derangements of erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis
Authors: CANFIELD P. J. , WATSON A. D. J. , BEGG A. P. , DILL‐MACKY E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical findings, laboratory data, ultrastructure, and autopsy findings are reported for four Greyhounds with a myeloproliferative disorder. In all dogs abnormalities were found in the granulocytic, erythroid and megakaryocytic cell lines, resulting in granulocytic leukaemia, impaired erythropoiesis and megakaryocytic dysplasia. The presence in blood of many small platelet producing cells (micromegakaryocytes) led to initial diagnostic confusion in three dogs with two of them suspected of having lymphatic leukaemia. An approach to the diagnosis of myeloproliferative disease, including the awareness of other clinical possibilities, is presented. The significance of the presence of micromegakaryocytes in the peripheral blood stream is discussed with reference to other veterinary reports and similar findings in man.
Prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella canis antibodies in dogs in Nigeria
Authors: ADESIYUN A. A. , ABDULLAHI S. U. , ADEYANJU J. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSerum samples collected from dogs brought for routine physical examination, vaccination and other complaints at the Small Animal Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria were tested for Brucella abortus and Brucella canis antibodies. Ninety‐five (38‐2 per cent) of 249 dogs studied were positive for B. abortus agglutinins by the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) but none was sero‐positive by the standard agglutination test (SAT). The antibody prevalence for B. canis by the SAT was 28‐6 per cent for 224 dogs tested. Exotic breeds of dogs had a prevalence of 34‐9 per cent for B. canis agglutinins while 28‐1 per cent of local dogs were sero‐positive. Twenty‐two per cent of dogs older than 2 years were sero‐positive compared to a prevalence of 33‐3 per cent found amongst dogs younger than 1 year. A similar B. canis infection rate was observed amongst male (29‐6 per cent) and female (26‐7 per cent) dogs.
Observations on acupuncture therapy of chronic osteoarthritis in dogs: a review of sixty‐one cases
Authors: JANSSENS L. A. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTWeekly acupuncture needling was used in the treatment of osteoarthritis in 61 dogs. A total of 117 joints were treated, plus three vertebral columns. The results were evaluated on a five point scale. The average number of treatments per series was 5‐2 and the average scale was 3–5. Hips, knees and shoulders responded better than the other joints. Some aspects of the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of osteoarthritis are described.
Abnormalities of the volar and plantar sesamoid bones in Rottweilers
Authors: VAUGHAN L. C. , FRANCE C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe fore and hind feet of 50 unselected Rottweilers were examined clinically and radiographically for abnormalities of their volar and plantar sesamoid bones. Lesions were found in 22 (44 per cent), invariably affecting the No. 2 and/or No. 7 sesamoids. The majority occurred in the forelimb. Clinical signs were detected in only five dogs and local analgesia in these cases indicated that the sesamoid changes were not the cause of the presenting lameness. Radiographically the defect varied from small radiodense foci separated from an otherwise normal sesamoid, to gross distortion of the bone into a number of calcified bodies. In none of these dogs was the sesamoid abnormality demonstrated to cause lameness and it was not necessary, therefore, to treat the condition surgically. It is postulated that these lesions result from disordered ossification with subsequent degenerative changes.
Clinical evaluation of the Lack coaxial breathing circuit in small animal anaesthesia
Authors: WATERMAN A. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe performance of the Lack co‐axial breathing circuit was evaluated in 25 anaesthetized dogs breathing spontaneously. Fresh gas flows were adjusted until rebreathing started to occur as judged by capnography. Thus a critical fresh gas flow rate was determined for small (10–15 kg) and larger (15 + kg) dogs. These were 130.5 ± 31.2 and 95.9 ± 13‐1 ml/kg/min respectively. In a further twenty dogs weighing over 15 kg a fresh gas flow rate of 120 ml/kg/min was used and was found to be sufficient to prevent rebreathing in all cases. In 11 dogs a direct comparison was made between the Lack and the Magill circuits with fresh gas flows of 120 ml/kg/min and it was found by capnography that while there was minimal or no rebreathing with the Lack system there was substantial rebreathing with the Magill.
Pull‐through technique for vertical canal ablation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats
Authors: TIRGARI M. , PINNIGER R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn alternative technique to ablate the vertical segment of the external auditory meatus, applicable to dogs and cats, is described. The results of this surgery in 11 dogs and one cat are compared with those in seven dogs using the traditional ablation procedure.
The use of iopamidol for myelography in dogs: a study of twenty‐seven cases
Authors: COX FIONA H. , JAKOVLJEVIC S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIopamidol is a new, non‐ionic, water‐soluble iodide contrast medium which has been shown in clinical trials in man to produce fewer and milder side effects than metrizamide for myelography. To assess iopamidol for myelography in dogs, 28 myelograms were performed in 27 dogs. The mean dose of iopamidol 300 (300 mg iodine/ml) used was 0–25 ml/kg administered by cisterna magna injection. The myelograms produced were of high quality. Seizures were induced in two dogs (7 per cent) and one death ocurred post‐myelography associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage. It was concluded that iopamidol 300 is a suitable myelographic contrast medium for use in dogs and appears to have a lower incidence of complications than reported for metrizamide.
Parrots encountered in practice: a survey of one hundred and twelve cases
Authors: PHILLIPS I. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical findings and treatment of 112 cases involving larger parrakeets and parrots are described. Disorders of the respiratory system, the alimentary system, the integument and the musculoskeletal system were the most frequently observed abnormalities. The relationship of these disorders to diet and eeneral management is discussed.
Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre‐corneal tear film. 2. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog
Authors: CARRINGTON S. D. , BEDFORD P. G. C. , GUILLON J.‐P. , WOODWARD E. G. 
Published: April 2008

abstractPolarized light biomicroscopy was used to examine the pre‐corneal tear film in 16 dogs which were suspected of, or confirmed to be, suffering from keratoconjunctivitis sicca. One animal displayed a normal tear film, while the other 15 showed variable degrees of abnormality. The abnormal features included: contamination of the ocular surface with particulate debris and plaques of mucus, discontinuity and excessive granularity of the surface lipid film, pronounced thinning of the aqueous phase, and breakup of the tear film.After parotid duct transposition, the tear film of some animals was almost indistinguishable from normal. However, in others the surface lipid layer was thinned, discontinuous, or virtual absent. Discontinuity of surface lipid was most obvious in animals with marked salivary epiphora, and was associated with a variable amount of crystalline concretion over the ocular surface.The clinical usefulness of polarized light biomicroscopy for the diagnosis, and subsequent monitoring, of keratoconjunctivitis sicca is discussed.
A further evaluation of the ‘over‐the‐top’ technique for anterior cruciate ligament replacement in the dog
Authors: DENNY H. R. , BARR A. R. S. 
Published: April 2008

abstractThe ‘Over‐the‐Top’ Technique for anterior cruciate ligament replacement using the lateral third of the straight patellar ligament and fascia lata as a graft was used in 150 dogs (average weight 35 kg). Follow‐up reports were obtained on 100 cases. The average recovery time was 12 weeks and a successful outcome was achieved in 91 per cent of cases.
Chondromatous hamartomas of the respiratory tract in the dog
Authors: PEARSONSC G. R. , LANE J. G. , HOLT P. E. , GIBBS C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThree chondromatous hamartomas of the trachea associated with dyspnoea, and a similar lesion of the bronchus associated with coughing, were recognized in four dogs, and diagnosed on radiological and histopathological examination. These benign lesions were surgically removed. The dogs remained well after surgery for periods up to four years.
Drug eruption in a cat resembling pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: McEWAN N. A. , McNEIL P. E. , KIRKHAM D. , SULLIVAN M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn 18‐month‐old Siamese cat, under treatment with cimetidine, developed an exfoliative dermatitis involving the ears, face and feet. Foot‐pad lesions and paronychia with a caseous exudate were also present. Histopathology of skin biopsies showed subcorneal pustules involving the hair follicles. These findings were suggestive of pemphigus foliaceus. However, the presence of cutaneous vasculitis and the results of immunofluorescence testing did not support this diagnosis. Skin lesions disappeared when cimetidine treatment was stopped and reappeared with its re‐use. A diagnosis of drug eruption was made.