bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward oocyte donation among medical and nursing students and couples who have recently become parents: A Swedish study
Authors: SYDSJÖ GUNILLA , NEVANDER SOFIA , NORMAN SARA , SVANBERG AGNETA SKOOG 
Published: December 2008

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes toward oocyte donation and receiving oocytes in relation to gender, demographic variables and other factors that could influence these attitudes, such as anonymity of the donor and financial compensation.Methods:  The study population consisted of 595 subjects divided into two groups; one group contained men and women who had recently become parents and the other group consisted of medical and nursing students. All subjects were asked to answer a study‐specific questionnaire.Results:  The proportions of respondents positive toward oocyte donation were 32% in the student group and 37% in the parental group. Of the respondents in the student group, 87% were positive toward donating organs other than oocytes compared with 78% in the parental group (P < 0.05). In the parental group, the respondents that were positive toward organ donation in general were also more positive toward donating/partner donating and receiving/partner receiving oocytes (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The majority of the respondents stated that their attitudes were not affected by anonymity of the donation, financial compensation or knowing the outcome of the donation.Conclusion:  Respondents’ attitudes were unaffected by anonymity of the donation, financial compensation and knowing the outcome of the donation. However, the data suggest that respondents who were positive toward organ donation in general were also more positive toward donating/partner donating and receiving/partner receiving oocytes. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7: 161–168)
Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen of gonocytes from neonatal porcine testes stored at 4°C
Authors: FUJIHARA MAYAKO , GOEL SANDEEP , MINAMI NAOJIRO , YAMADA MASAYASU , IMAI HIROSHI 
Published: December 2008

Aim: Gonocytes are primitive germ cells in neonatal male testes. Germ cells from the neonatal testes of mice have a self‐renewal activity and have pluripotential characteristics in established stem‐cell lines. Therefore, these germ cells are reliable sources for the preservation of genetic resources of domestic animals and endangered species. The aim of the present study was to examine the cryopreservation of porcine gonocytes in liquid nitrogen (LN2) from neonatal testes that were freshly collected or stored at 4°C for 24 h.Methods: Gonocytes were isolated as lectinDolichos biflorus agglutinin(DBA) positive cells from porcine testes 2–5 days after birth. The effects of the cryoprotectants used in the cryopreservation of the gonocytes, which were isolated from testes stored at 4°C in various solutions for 24 h, were examined on the results of cell viability after cryopreservation and cell proliferation in culture. Testis tissues from stored testes were transplanted into immunodeficient mice to evaluate the ability of the gonocytes to differentiate 5 weeks after transplantation.Results: The portion of the gonocytes that was isolated from stored testes at 4°C was approximately 70%. The viability of the gonocytes from stored testes was significantly higher in HEPES‐supplemented Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) and HEPES‐supplemented phosphate‐buffered saline than from stock solutions without HEPES. The addition of 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.07 mmol/L sucrose to cryopreservation solutions supported high viability of gonocytes after freezing and thawing. The cryopreserved gonocytes formed colonies with DBA activity in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum 3 days after culture and continued to proliferate for at least 12 days in culture. The germ cells in the testis tissues that were xenografted into immunodefficient mice differentiated into primitive spermatogonia.Conclusion: Gonocytes in the testis stored at 4°C for at least 24 h, isolated and cryopreserved can survive. The cryopreserved gonocytes differentiated in immunodefficient mice and proliferated along with the formation of coloniesin vitro.(Reprod Med Biol 2008;7: 153–160)
A case of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome associated with isodicentric Yp
Authors: TOMOMASA HIROSHI , OGAWA KAZUE , NAGASAWA JOJI , SATOH SATOSHI , MURAMATSU HIROSHI , IIYAMA TETSURO , OKADA HIROSHI 
Published: December 2008

We describe a case of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome demonstrating an isodicentric Y chromosome. A 70‐year‐old man visited our outpatient clinic complaining of dysuria resulting from atrophy of the penis. His height was 170 cm and his weight was 60 kg. A serum hormonal analysis revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A chromosomal analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed four cell lines in which the karyotypes were 47,XXY, 46,XY, 46,XX and 47,XX,idic(Y) (q11.2). To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome bearing an isodicentric Y chromosome. The origin of the isodicentric Y is discussed. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7: 177–180)
Experience of sexual violence among sexually experienced Japanese teenage girls and influencing factors
Authors: NONOYAMA MIKIKO , NAGAI YASUSHI , KATO SUEKO , OGASAWARA KAYOKO , EMORI YOKO 
Published: December 2008

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to identify influencing factors for sexual violence in sexually experienced teenage girls.Methods:  Eighty sexually experienced teenage girls aged between 14 and 19 attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in suburban Tokyo were selected as subjects. After completing a simple questionnaire on sexual behavior and lifestyle the subjects were interviewed using a semistructured interview technique. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with sexual violence.Results:  Police and government statistics for rape, sexual and domestic violence in Japan are extremely low. However, the present study showed that 52.5% of subjects had been victims of sexual violence. Furthermore, of these, 69.0% had been forced to have sex with a partner and 64.3% had been raped by someone other than a partner. Factors influencing the risk of sexual violence were sexual behavior and attitudes towards sexuality and lifestyle. Having a sexually transmitted infection was not an influencing factor.Conclusions:  It is important to identify teenage girls attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics at risk of sexual violence and to teach them about the risks of sexual behavior associated with imbalances of power. Furthermore, it is essential to support victims of sexual violence to protect them from the recurrence of such abuse. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7: 181–187)
Linking phylogenetic identities of bacteria to starch fermentation in an in vitro model of the large intestine by RNA‐based stable isotope probing
Authors: Kovatcheva‐Datchary Petia , Egert Markus , Maathuis Annet , Rajilić‐Stojanović Mirjana , De Graaf Albert A. , Smidt Hauke , De Vos Willem M. , Venema Koen 
Published: December 2008

SummaryCarbohydrates, including starches, are an important energy source for humans, and are known for their interactions with the microbiota in the digestive tract. Largely, those interactions are thought to promote human health. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)‐based stable isotope probing (SIP), we identified starch‐fermenting bacteria under human colon‐like conditions. To the microbiota of the TIM‐2 in vitro model of the human colon 7.4 g l−1 of [U‐13C]‐starch was added. RNA extracted from lumen samples after 0 (control), 2, 4 and 8 h was subjected to density‐gradient ultracentrifugation. Terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) fingerprinting and phylogenetic analyses of the labelled and unlabelled 16S rRNA suggested populations related to Ruminococcus bromii, Prevotella spp. and Eubacterium rectale to be involved in starch metabolism. Additionally, 16S rRNA related to that of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was abundant in all analysed fractions. While this might be due to the enrichment of high‐GC RNA in high‐density fractions, it could also indicate an active role in starch fermentation. Comparison of the T‐RFLP fingerprints of experiments performed with labelled and unlabelled starch revealed Ruminococcus bromii as the primary degrader in starch fermentation in the studied model, as it was found to solely predominate in the labelled fractions. LC‐MS analyses of the lumen and dialysate samples showed that, for both experiments, starch fermentation primarily yielded acetate, butyrate and propionate. Integration of molecular and metabolite data suggests metabolic cross‐feeding in the system, where populations related to Ruminococcus bromii are the primary starch degrader, while those related to Prevotella spp., Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Eubacterium rectale might be further involved in the trophic chain.
Usefulness of the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathology Gleason grading system in prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Uemura Hiroji , Hoshino Koji , Sasaki Takeshi , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Ishiguro Hitoshi , Inayama Yoshiaki , Kubota Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) Gleason Grading Consensus is clinically more useful than the conventional Gleason score (CGS), we compared the CGS and ISUP GS (IGS) of prostate needle biopsy (NB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens, and evaluated the prognostic value of the ISUP GS.PATIENTS AND METHODSOf 250 patients undergoing RP, 103 with clinical stage T1–2 N0M0 were enrolled. Pathological tumour grades of NB and RP specimens were classified according to CGS by experienced pathologists in the central pathology department of our hospital, and retrospectively according to IGS by one uropathologist at the central pathology department of another hospital. All patients had RP with no neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. We analysed associations of CGS and IGS with biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BRFS) after RP.RESULTSThe concordance rates between NB and RP specimens by CGS and IGS were 64.1% and 69.9%. Under‐grading and over‐grading rates by CGS and IGS were 28.2% and 7.8% for NB, and 27.2% and 2.9% for RP, respectively. There was a significant difference in the over‐grading rate between CGS and IGS (P = 0.026). When CGS and IGS of NB and RP specimens were compared, the concordance rates were similar, at 67% and 69.9%. The IGS was higher, by 15.6% in NB and by 20.4% in RP specimens, than CGS. Patients were divided into three groups based on IGS of NB specimens (≤6, 7 and ≥8). These groups differed significantly in BRFS after RP (P = 0.022); CGS showed no such association.CONCLUSIONSThe IGS of NB specimens were significantly associated with BRFS after RP. The ISUP system is thus clinically useful for determining the most appropriate treatments for patients with early‐stage prostate cancer.
Assessing the minimum number of lymph nodes needed at radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Capitanio Umberto , Suardi Nazareno , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Lotan Yair , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Bastian Patrick J. , Gupta Amit , Vazina Amnon , Schoenberg Mark , Lerner Seth P. , Sagalowsky Arthur I. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo identify the likelihood of finding one or more positive lymph nodes (LNs) according to the number of LNs removed at radical cystectomy (RC), as the number of LNs removed affects disease progression and survival after RC.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1984 and 2003, 731 assessable patients had RC and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy at three different institutions. ROC curve coordinates were used to determine the probability of identifying one or more positive LNs according to the total number of removed LNs.RESULTSOf the 731 patients, 174 (23.8%) had LNs metastases. The mean (median, range) number of LNs removed was 18.7 (17, 1–80). The ROC coordinate‐based plots of the number of removed LNs and the probability of finding one or more LNs metastases indicated that removing 45 LNs yielded a 90% probability. Conversely, removing either 15 or 25 LNs indicated, respectively, 50% and 75% probability of detecting one or more LNs metastases.CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate that removing 25 LNs might represent the lowest threshold for the extent of lymphadenectomy at RC. Our findings confirm the importance of an extended lymph node dissection.
Perinephric and renal sinus fat infiltration in pT3a renal cell carcinoma: possible prognostic differences
Authors: Bedke Jens , Buse Stephan , Pritsch Maria , Macher‐Goeppinger Stephan , Schirmacher Peter , Haferkamp Axel , Hohenfellner Markus 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of perinephric (PN) and renal sinus (RS) fat infiltration on cancer‐specific survival beyond other prognostic factors, as the Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis (TNM) classification system defines stage T3a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as infiltration of perirenal fat and/or direct infiltration of the adrenal gland. Perirenal fat invasion is differentiated into RS and PN fat infiltration, but not further classified for the prognosis.PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom 1990 to October 2007 106 patients with advanced RCC (T3a) were followed prospectively at one academic centre; all had a radical nephrectomy. To identify prognostic effects of PN, RS or RS + PN fat infiltration, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied, including lymph node status, metastases, presence of sarcomatoid features and tumour necrosis, Fuhrman’s grade, Karnofsky performance status, and tumour size.RESULTSPN fat invasion alone was present in 58, RS in 21, and PN + RS in 27 patients. The median follow‐up was 2.9 years; 49 patients died from RCC. In univariable and multivariable analyses RS fat infiltration was an unfavourable prognostic factor (adjusted hazard ratio, HR, 2.24, P = 0.019). Univariable analysis of RS + PN fat infiltration showed the worst prognostic effect (HR 3.25, P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis this combination was an independent prognostic factor (HR 2.75, P = 0.007), as was the presence of metastasis (HR 5.64, P < 0.001). In this group of RS + PN fat infiltration the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was 31%.CONCLUSIONUnivariable and multivariable analyses showed that the combination of RS and PN fat infiltration is an independent unfavourable prognostic marker. We recommend that perirenal fat infiltration should be further differentiated into RS fat or PN infiltration in the TNM classification. This will better stratify patient prognosis and might allow those in need of adjuvant therapy to be identified.
Hexylaminolaevulinate ‘blue light’ fluorescence cystoscopy in the investigation of clinically unconfirmed positive urine cytology
Authors: Ray Eleanor R. , Chatterton Kathryn , Khan Mohammed S. , Thomas Kay , Chandra Ashish , O’Brien Tim S. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using hexylaminolaevulinate (Hexvix®, PhotoCure, Oslo, Norway) in the investigation of patients with positive urine cytology who have no evidence of disease after standard initial investigations.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwenty‐three patients referred with positive urine cytology but no current histological evidence of cancer were investigated between April 2005 and January 2007 with PDD, using Hexvix and the d‐light system (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) to detect fluorescence. The bladder was mapped initially under white light and then under ‘blue‐light’. Biopsies were taken from abnormal urothelium detected by white light, fluorescence, or both. All cytological specimens were reviewed by a reference cytopathologist unaware of the result of the PDD.RESULTSTwenty‐five PDD‐assisted cystoscopies were carried out on 23 patients (20 men/3 women; median age 64 years, range 24–80 years). Of the 23 patients, 17 (74%) were previously untreated for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), whilst six were under surveillance for previous TCC. Nineteen of the 23 (83%) cytology specimens were confirmed as suspicious or positive by the reference pathologist. TCC of the bladder or preneoplastic lesions were diagnosed in six patients, i.e. six (26%) of those investigated and six of 19 (32%) with confirmed positive cytology. Four of the six were under surveillance for previous bladder tumour. Additional pathology was detected by fluorescence in five of the six patients, including two carcinoma in situ (CIS), one CIS + G3pT1 tumour, and two dysplasia. Diagnoses in PDD‐negative cases included one upper tract TCC and four patients with stones. In addition, one patient had CIS diagnosed on both white light and PDD 6 months later.CONCLUSIONAdditional pathology was detected by HAL fluorescence cystoscopy in 32% of patients with confirmed positive urinary cytology. PDD is a key step in the management of patients with positive urinary cytology and no evidence of disease on conventional tests.
Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a 15‐year retrospective review of treatment and survival in the Anglian Cancer Network
Authors: Mukesh Mukesh , Cook Natalie , Hollingdale Abigail E. , Ainsworth Nicola L. , Russell Simon G. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo report the clinical experience and management of patients with small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder, treated in the Anglia Cancer network from 1992 to 2007, and to review published studies, as SCC is a rare condition, accounting for <1% of all bladder tumours, and there is no established treatment strategy for managing these patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe analysed retrospectively data from all patients diagnosed with SCC of the urinary bladder between 1992 and 2007, with an emphasis on stage, treatment and overall survival.RESULTSTwenty patients were identified with primary bladder SCC (male: female ratio 3:1; mean age 68 years; mean follow‐up 15.8 months). Nine patients (45%) had extensive‐stage disease at diagnosis. Four patients received best supportive care, three had a radical cystectomy, one radical radiotherapy and six sequential chemo‐radiotherapy. In all, 13 patients were treated with chemotherapy, with six receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine, three receiving carboplatin and etoposide, and the remainder receiving alternative platinum‐based regimens. For 12 patients with assessable disease, six had a complete response, three a partial response and three had progressive disease after chemotherapy. No patient received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). At the time of analysis, 14 (70%) patients had died, with one (5%) developing brain metastasis. The median survival was 33 months for patients receiving chemotherapy, vs 3 months with no chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSSCC of the bladder tends to occur in an older population, more commonly in men. It is an aggressive tumour with a propensity for early metastasis. The response rate to chemotherapy is high but the overall prognosis is poor. Brain secondaries are less common than for SCC of the lung and currently the role of PCI is unclear. As there is no standard of care for these patients, they are treated according to local protocols. Further efforts should be made to develop more effective treatments and the role of PCI should be assessed in the setting of a clinical trial, in conjunction with other extrapulmonary SCCs.
Salvage robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy: initial results and early report of outcomes
Authors: Boris Ronald S. , Bhandari Akshay , Krane L. Spencer , Eun Daniel , Kaul Sanjeev , Peabody James O. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the initial results of salvage robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (SRARP) after recurrence following primary radiotherapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween December 2002 and January 2008, 11 patients had SRARP with pelvic lymph node dissection by one surgeon from one institution. Six patients had brachytherapy, three had external beam RT (EBRT), one intensity‐modulated RT, and one received brachytherapy with an EBRT boost. All patients had prostate cancer on biopsy after RT, with negative computed tomography and bone scan. The mean (range) follow‐up was 20.5 (1–77) months.RESULTSThe mean interval from RT to SRARP was 53.2 months; the mean preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level was 5.2 ng/mL, the operative duration 183 min and the estimated blood loss 113 mL. One patient had prolonged lymphatic drainage, one had an anastomotic leak, and one had an anastomotic stricture requiring direct vision internal urethrotomy at 3 months. The mean duration of catheterization was 10.4 days and the hospital stay 1.4 days. Three patients had a biochemical recurrence, at 1, 2 and 43 months. In one of two patients with node‐positive carcinoma of the prostate the PSA level failed to reach a nadir of zero after surgery. In patients with a minimum follow‐up of 2 months, eight of 10 are continent (defined as zero to one pad per day) and two have erections adequate for intercourse with the use of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors.CONCLUSIONSRARP after RT‐resistant disease recurrence is feasible with minimal perioperative morbidity. Early functional outcomes appear to be at least equivalent with historical salvage RP series. Robotic extended pelvic lymph node dissection is safe and can improve the accuracy of surgical staging. A longer follow‐up is necessary to better assess the functional and oncological outcomes.
Managing erectile dysfunction in hypertension: the effects of a continuous training programme on biomarker of inflammation
Authors: Lamina Sikiru , Okoye Chuba G. , Dagogo Theophilus T. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of a continuous training programme on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, and in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) in older men with hypertension.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 22 men with hypertension and ED (mean age 61.8 years, sd 7.79) were involved in continuous training (35–59% of heart rate maximum reserve) for 8 weeks for 45–60 min, while 21 age‐matched control hypertensives (mean age 64 years, sd 8.53) remained sedentary during this period. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to assess the outcome of ED. The Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman correlation were used to analyse the results of the changes in IIEF and CRP.RESULTSThere was a significant effect of continuous exercise training on erectile function and CRP levels in hypertensive men with ED (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSA continuous training programme decreases CRP levels and is an effective means of noninvasive and nonpharmacological management of ED in men with hypertension.