bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pes planovalgus in RA: a descriptive and analytical study of foot function determined by gait analysis
Authors: Turner Deborah E. , Woodburn James , Helliwell Philip S. , Cornwall Mark W , Emery Paul 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:To compare gait and foot function between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with painful pes planovalgus deformity and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched adults.Methods:Gait analysis was undertaken in 23 RA patients (14 female and 9 male, mean age 52.3 years, mean disease duration 6.6 years) and 23 healthy adults (14 female and 9 male, mean age 49.5 years). Gait measurements included temporal and spatial parameters, plantar pressures and three‐dimensional (3D) kinematics at the ankle joint complex (AJC). The mean differences between the groups and associated confidence intervals were calculated using the t distribution.Results:RA patients showed longer gait cycle (mean difference 0.15 sec and 0.14 sec for right and left limbs, respectively) and double‐limb support times (mean difference 8.3% and 7.9% for right and left limbs, respectively), shorter stride length (mean difference −0.31 m for right and left limbs), slower walking speed (mean difference −0.39 m/sec) and lower cadence (mean difference −16.6 steps/min). In comparison with the normal group, RA patients had greater AJC dorsi/plantarflexion range of motion (ROM) (mean difference 5.7 °) and inversion/eversion ROM (mean difference 2.9 °). The frontal plane position of the AJC was more everted at specific stance periods (mean difference at heel strike −2.4 ° and at midstance −4.0°). Furthermore, both the peak eversion (mean difference −4.1 °) and summated eversion motion as a function of time (mean difference −313.9 °) were greater in the RA group. The pes planovalgus foot in RA was characterized by increases in peak pressure (mean difference 34.3 kPa), pressure–time integral (mean difference 18.2 kPa.sec), peak force (mean difference 1.7 N), force–time integral (mean difference 0.7 N.sec), contact time (mean difference 9.8% roll over process) and contact area (mean group difference 3.4 cm−2) in the medial midfoot. Further changes in the load pattern in the forefoot were observed in the RA patients, namely increases in the peak pressure (mean difference 96.4 kPa), pressure–time integral (mean difference 58.4 kPa.sec), and contact area (mean difference 1.7 cm−2) in the medial forefoot region and reduction in contact area (mean difference −3.9 cm−2), peak force (mean difference −7.2 N) and force–time integral (mean difference −1.6 N.sec) in the lateral forefoot.Conclusions:Painful pes planovalgus deformity in RA is associated with global changes in gait, and localized structural and functional changes in the foot which can be accurately measured using clinical gait analysis. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Patient education in arthritis: helping people change
Authors: Hammond Alison 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSystematic reviews of education for arthritis patients have emphasized behavioural approaches are effective in facilitating behaviour change and improving psychological and health status. This article discusses how a range of patient education and motivational approaches could be integrated into clinical practice to help people make behavioural changes to benefit their health. These include information giving, counselling, motivational interviewing, behaviour‐orientated self‐management therapy and cognitive–behavioural approaches. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Patients' perceptions of exercise therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: a survey
Authors: Mc Veigh JG , Lucas A , Hurley DA , Basford JR , Baxter GD 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:To identify patients' perceptions of the role and benefits of exercise in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).Design:A postal questionnaire was sent to all 225 members of the Northern Ireland Fibromyalgia Support Group. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions and was sub‐divided into four sections: (1) background information; (2) previous treatment; (3) opinions on the role of exercise in FMS and (4) current participation in, and barriers to, exercise. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results:A response rate of 51.1% (115/225) was achieved. Forty nine percent (57) of respondents were receiving FMS‐associated disability benefits and 13% (15) were working full‐time. All reported previous treatment for FMS. Ninety‐six (84%) had received medication and 82 (71%) exercise‐based therapy. Just over half (42/82) of those who had participated in exercise therapy reported it to be an effective management strategy. Two thirds (48/71) of those who used bedrest, and over half (52/96) of those who used medications reported these interventions to be effective. Eighty‐two per cent (94) ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’ that exercise improved fitness and 60% (69) ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’ that exercise increased feelings of well‐being, but only 13.9% (16) reported that it reduced their pain. The most commonly reported barriers to exercise were fatigue (85%, 98) and pain (73%, 84).Conclusion:Exercise therapy is a common treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome, but while respondents accepted its general health benefits, the vast majority did not report that it reduced their pain. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
An evidence‐based approach to the management of low back pain and sciatica: how the evidence is applied in clinical cases
Authors: Goh L , Bawendi A , Samanta J , Samanta A 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:Low back pain and sciatica are common complaints that affect a major proportion of the population at some time in their lives. The treatment and management of this condition may vary widely.Objective:The present paper aims to provide an evidence‐based approach to the management of low back pain and sciatica, and demonstrates how to search for the evidence and how to apply it practically in individual patients. The principles underlying evidence‐based medicine are explained. The practice of evidence‐based medicine requires initial formulation of the appropriate clinical question, followed by searching databases for relevant evidence. Finally evidence needs to be applied on a patient‐specific basis.Method:Best Evidence, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Medline were searched to obtain quality controlled information regarding the management of low back pain and sciatica.Results:Current evidence shows that an active exercise programme promotes early recovery. This may allow patients to resume an active and sportive lifestyle. Epidural corticosteroid injections may help to resolve additional troublesome symptoms of sciatica. Two clinical cases are used to show how evidence‐based medicine can be individualized to specific patients.Conclusions:A patient‐focused strategy combining best evidence and clinical expertise is suggested as the mainstay for the management of low back pain. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Overview of the psychosocial concerns of young adults with juvenile arthritis
Authors: Packham Jon C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractYoung adults who develop juvenile idiopathic arthritis in childhood have a significant risk of long‐term morbidity and continuing disease activity in adulthood. The impact of a physically restricting and painful chronic illness can make the transition from adolescence to adulthood more challenging.In this overview of the psychological and social impact of juvenile arthritis on young adults, particular attention is given to those areas that are of concern to this age group. The transition from adolescence to adulthood can be detrimentally affected not only by the attitudes of peers and parents, but also by the attitudes of the individual with arthritis. Chronic arthritis, including juvenile arthritis, is related to increased rates of anxiety and depression. In the face of functional restriction, pain, and poor body image, social and sexual relationships may be harder to develop and maintain. The family of the young adult may also be affected on many levels. Employment and financial security are common and well‐founded concerns of young disabled adults. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Being a parent or grandparent with back pain, ankylosing spondylitis or rheumatoid arthritis: a descriptive postal survey
Authors: Grant M.I. , Foster N.E. , Wright C.C. , Barlow J.H. , Cullen L.A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractResearch that explores being a parent or grandparent with musculoskeletal problems has been fairly limited to date. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of parenting in the context of back pain (BP), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a particular focus on the extent and nature of childcare experiences and to compare these experiences across the three groups. In addition, the possible reasons for these reported experiences, the availability of advice and support and the development of strategies for coping were explored using a cross‐sectional descriptive survey. A total of 448 participants was recruited from relevant charitable organizations and the National Health Service (280 with BP, 106 with AS and 62 with RA). A combination of opportunistic and random sampling was used. Quantitative data were analysed with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 10). Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.Results indicate that a high proportion of all groups experienced a wide range of difficulties with parenting (81% BP, 77% AS, 97% RA). The most prevalent problems were similar for all three groups: lifting baby/child from the floor or cot, encouraging children/grandchildren to help with domestic chores and keeping up (in terms of energy) with children/grandchildren. However, the RA group reported having greater difficulties than the other two groups. Very little advice was offered to participants with parenting difficulties which may indicate a gap in service provision. However, a wide range of strategies for coping were described by respondents. The study highlighted a need for healthcare professionals to develop a greater awareness of parenting issues and to provide opportunities for these issues to be addressed. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
An exploration of patients' experiences of anti‐TNF therapy
Authors: Edwards Jill 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:To explore the experience of rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy on physical, psychological and social well‐being.Method:Seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who received six months of infliximab were interviewed in depth by one researcher to identify their experiences of this treatment. The interviews were tape‐recorded and analysed using Colaizzi's procedural steps.Results:Four main categories were identified from the interview relating to the patient's experience of anti‐TNF therapy. These included:

The impact of living with RA on physical, psychological and social function.
The influence of anti‐TNF therapy on physical, psychological and social function.
The experience of attending for treatment.
The impact of discontinuing anti‐TNF treatment.
Conclusion:All seven patients experienced benefits from receiving anti‐TNF therapy. These benefits were not maintained once the treatment period was completed. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Long‐term influences of a biopsychosocial rehabilitation programme for chronic pain patients
Authors: Mårtensson Lena , Marklund Bertil , Baigi Amir , Gunnarsson Mats , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:Chronic pain leads to high costs in the form of compensation for absence from work due to illness, production loss and health care utilization. Multidisciplinary treatment programmes at pain clinics can result in return to work and a decrease in doctor visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term influences of a rehabilitation programme in primary health care for chronic pain patients with regard to doctor visits, frequency of sick‐leave and level of disability.Design:A longitudinal, intervention study design was used over a three‐year period. Methods: A biopsychosocial rehabilitation programme based on ego‐strengthening psychotherapy was used. An occupational therapist and a physiotherapist led the intervention, which comprised two meetings per week for six weeks. The study was performed in a primary health care area in the southwest of Sweden with 54 chronic pain patients.Results:The results showed a significant decrease in the number of doctor visits as well as sick‐leave days. The level of absenteeism due to occupational disability changed significantly from being on sick leave to receiving a disability pension.Conclusions: The rehabilitation programme reduced patient attendance at health care facilities but did not increase the numbers of patients returning to work Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Patients' perspectives on self‐management following a back rehabilitation programme
Authors: Morris Alison Louise 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:The management of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is becoming increasingly demanding upon health care services and society. Programmes combining exercise, education and a biopsychosocial approach have become a popular way of managing CLBP. Programmes are designed to change behaviour, increase activity levels and encourage self‐management. Patients' experiences of attending a back rehabilitation programme were examined. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach combining interviews, non‐participant observation and evaluation of documentation to establish the patients' perspective of self‐management following a back programme.Results:All the patients (n = 6 ) indicated they were self‐managing by continuing to exercise and utilizing the advice given after attendance. Two patients felt they should continue attending the therapy department to exercise in order to gain benefit, demonstrating reliance on continued health care support. Obstacles to continuing with exercise were cited as pain, time, and family constraints. Patients also expressed limitations following attendance regarding the type and level of activity their CLBP would allow them to manage. The data suggested activity limitation was inadvertently reinforced by the therapists during the sessions, in the programme letter and by the patients' existing beliefs regarding the cause of their CLBP. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the importance of understanding patients' beliefs and expectations prior to a back programme and accounting for these during attendance. This study also highlighted that all heath care professionals should be aware of the impact of the language and terminology used when working with CLBP patients. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Changes in nitric oxide production in the rat kidney due to CaOx nephrolithiasis
Authors: Huang Ho‐Shiang , Ma Ming‐Chieh , Chen Chau‐Fong , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the renal nitric oxide (NO) system is involved in the animal model of nephrolithiasis by evaluating the relationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and oxidative stress.MethodsDeposition of renal calculi was induced by adding 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) to the drinking water of male Wistar rats. After 42 days of treatment, urinary biochemistry and urinary levels of oxalate, NO metabolites (nitrate and nitrite), cGMP, and lipid peroxides, and markers for renal damage and oxidative stress in the kidney were examined. In the second part of the experiment, two diuretic stimuli (intrarenal infusion of l‐arginine or saline loading) were applied to test the renal NO system response. Finally, levels of three isoforms of NOS in renal tissues were evaluated by immunostaining.ResultsIn the EG‐treated rats, increased urinary excretion of enzymes and lipid peroxides and increased nitrotyrosine levels and oxidative injury markers in the kidneys indicated that peroxynitrite formation occurred during oxidative stress, while the 24‐hr urinary excretion of NO metabolites and cGMP remained unchanged. In contrast to control rats, urinary excretion and NO metabolites and cGMP excretion were unresponsive to intrarenal l‐arginine infusion; in response to saline loading, an increase in these factors was seen, but the increase was only 50% of that seen in the identically treated control group. A significant decrease in eNOS expression and increase in iNOS expression were observed in the renal medulla of the EG‐treated group, whereas expression of nNOS was not affected.ConclusionsAlthough basal renal NO production remained unchanged, excessive peroxynitrite formation in the kidney was noted in this model. A decreased response of the NOS system was noted when diuretic stimuli were applied. How the imbalance between eNOS and iNOS expression influences CaOx stone formation requires detailed evaluation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:252–258, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Position‐related changes in uroflowmetric parameters in healthy young men
Authors: Eryıldırım Bilal , Tarhan Fatih , Kuyumcuoğlu Uğur , Erbay Erkan , Pembegül Necmettin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAimsUroflowmetric measurements are a common procedure in urological examination of patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms and it can be influenced by various factors. In this study, we investigated position‐related changes in uroflowmetric parameters and postvoiding residual urine (PVR) volume in healthy young men.Materials and MethodsThirty normal healthy male volunteers, whose mean age was 28.6 ± 0.7 years old were studied and evaluated with uroflowmetry in the standing, sitting, and squatting down voiding positions. Three measurements were obtained for each voiding position and for each man (total 270 urinary flows). PVR were measured by transabdominal ultrasound. The maximum flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qave), corrected maximum flow rate (cQmax), voiding volume (VV), voiding time (VT), and PVR values were compared between the three different voiding positions.ResultsThe mean Qmax values for the standing, sitting, and squatting down voiding positions of the patient group were 26.8 ± 1.3, 31.3 ± 1.2, 31.0 ± 1.0 ml/sec, respectively and the mean Qave values were 16.8 ± 0.6, 18.5 ± 0.6, 18.6 ± 0.6 ml/sec, respectively. There were significant differences between voiding positions regarding the Qmax (P < 0.0001) and Qave (P = 0.0002) values in the patient groups. However, the difference between VT, VV, and PVR in the standing, sitting, and squatting down voiding position of the patient group was not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the urinary flow rates are affected by the voiding position. Therefore, it is important to perform uroflowmetric measurements in the same position. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:249–251, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case of adolescent with Paget‐Schroetter syndrome and underlying thrombophilia due to an elevated lipoprotein (A)
Authors: Dintaman J. , Watson C. , Fox C.J. , Hoover N. , Roberts S. , Gillespie D.L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is a rare disorder in children and is most often associated with a central venous catheter (CVC), cancer, or an underlying thrombophilia. In adults, repetitive or strenuous upper extremity activity has been linked to mechanical compression of the thoracic outlet resulting in subclavian vein thrombosis, also known as Paget‐Schroetter Syndrome (PSS). We present the case of a 14 year old female who was found to have an UEDVT consistent with PSS. On subsequent thrombophila screening, she was noted to have a significantly elevated lipoprotein (a) level of 83 (normal: <30 mg/dL). She underwent 3 months of anticoagulation therapy prior to her first rib resection and in follow‐up was noted to have complete patency of her subclavian vein. This case illustrates the necessity for thrombophilia screening in the pediatric patient with UEDVT despite evidence of anatomic abnormality or mechanical venous compression. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:1036–1038. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercalation and exfoliation of clay nanoplatelets in epoxy‐based nanocomposites: TEM and XRD observations
Authors: Miyagawa Hiroaki , Drzal Lawrence T. , Carsello Jerrold A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDiglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) reinforced with organo‐montmorillonite clay nanoplatelets were investigated using anhydride‐ and amine‐curing agents. The sonication technique was used to process epoxy/clay nanocomposites. The basal spacing of clay nanoplatelets was observed by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) techniques, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the basal spacing of clay nanoplatelets in epoxy matrix was expanded after mixing with either DGEBA/DGEBF or methyltetrahydrophthalic‐anhydride (MTHPA) curing agent. The sonication technique provided larger d‐spacing of clay nanoplatelets. Because of the different curing temperatures, MTHPA‐cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites produced more expanded d‐spacing of clay nanoplatelets modified with methyl, tallow, bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) quaternary ammonium (MT2EtOH) than triethylenetetramine‐cured nanocomposites. Depending on the selection of curing agent and organic modification for clay nanoplatelets, the d‐spacing was expanded to be up to 8.72 nm. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:452–463, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature evolution during stereolithography building with a commercial epoxy resin
Authors: Corcione C. Esposito , Greco A. , Maffezzoli A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this study, the temperature evolution during stereolithography (SL) processing of a commercial epoxy resin is experimentally measured and numerically simulated. Experimental tests were performed in a SL equipment to evaluate the temperature increase during laser‐activated photopolymerization. Temperatures on the resin surface were measured with a thermal video system in both static and moving laser experiments. For the moving laser experiments, the effect of the energy dose was tested by using different velocities of the scanning laser. The experimental results were compared with numerical model prediction obtained by numerical solution of heat transfer equations coupled with an original mathematical model developed for cationic photopolymerization kinetics. The results obtained from numerical simulation were in good agreement with experimental data for the scan performed at the lower energy dose. The process model describes both the temperature increase and the evolution of chemical reaction, providing information about the penetration depth and the cured linewidth. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:493–502, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers