bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt/frizzled family members mediate olfactory sensory neuron axon extension
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gil Diego J. , Greer Charles A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA comprehensive model has yet to emerge, but it seems likely that numerous mechanisms contribute to the specificity of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axon innervation of the olfactory bulb. Elsewhere in the nervous system the Wnt/Fz family has been implicated in patterning of anterior‐posterior axes, cell type specification, cell proliferation, and axon guidance. Because of our work describing cadherin‐catenin family member expression in the primary olfactory pathway, and because mechanisms of Wnt‐Fz interactions can depend in part on catenins, we were encouraged to explore Wnt‐Fz expression and function in OSN axon extension. Here, we show that OSNs express Fz‐1, Fz‐3, and Wnt‐5a, whereas olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) express Wnt‐4. Fz‐7 is also expressed in the olfactory nerve by cells that delineate large axon fascicles, but are negative for OEC markers. Fz‐1 showed a developmental downregulation. However, in adults it is expressed at different levels across the olfactory epithelium and in restricted glomeruli across the olfactory bulb, suggesting an important role in the formation and maintenance of OSN connections to the olfactory bulb. Reporter TOPGAL mice demonstrated that some OECs located in the inner olfactory nerve layer can respond to Wnt ligands. Of further interest, we show here with in vitro assays that Wnt‐5a increases OSN axon outgrowth and alters growth cone morphology. Our data point to a key role for Wnt/Fz molecules in the development of the mouse olfactory system, providing complementary mechanisms required for OSN axon extension and coalescence. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:301–317, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional foveae in an electrosensory system
Authors: Bacelo Joao , Engelmann Jacob , Hollmann Michael , von der Emde Gerhard , Grant Kirsty 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSeveral species of Mormyrid weakly electric fish have a mobile chin protuberance that serves as a mobile antenna during prey detection, tracking behaviors, and foraging for food. It has been proposed that it constitutes a fovea of the electrosensory system. The distribution of the three types of receptor organs involved in active imaging of the local surroundings, prey detection, and passive electroreception, and their central projection to the electrosensory lobe (ELL), have been studied in Gnathonemus petersii. Density distributions were compared for different body regions. Primary afferent projections were labeled with biocytin or biotinylated dextrans. This showed that there is considerable central “over‐representation” of the mandibular and nasal regions of the sensory surface involved in electrolocation, at the expense of the other body regions investigated. This over‐representation is not a mere effect of the very high density of receptor organs in these areas, but is found to be due to central magnification. This magnification differs between the subclasses of electroreceptors, suggesting a functional segregation in the brain. We conclude that the chin protuberance and the nasal region are the regions of greatest sensitivity for the resistive, capacitive, and low‐frequency characteristics of the environment, and are probably most important in prey detection, whereas other regions of the skin with a lesser resolution and sensitivity to phase distortion of the EOD, in particular the trunk, are probably designed for imaging larger, inanimate features of the environment. Our data support the hypothesis that the chin appendage and nasal region are functionally distinct electrosensory foveae. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:342–359, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons express the early neuronal fate marker doublecortin
Authors: Dellarole Anna , Grilli Mariagrazia 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIt has been widely accepted that doublecortin (DCX) may represent a neuronal fate marker transiently expressed by immature neurons during development of the central and peripheral nervous tissue and in neurogenic areas of the adult brain. Previous work described the presence of DCX in the developing dorsal root ganglia (DRG), structures of the peripheral nervous system originating from the neural crest, but no information is available on its expression in adulthood. To this purpose, we have performed an immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis for DCX expression in DRG from adult male mice and rats. To our surprise, we demonstrated that the majority of DRG neurons do express DCX, both in somata and in fibers. DCX+ cells have been characterized morphologically and phenotypically with well‐established markers of DRG neuronal subpopulations. A large number of DCX+ cells belong to the small and medium‐sized nociceptive neurons. Additionally, DCX immunoreactivity is present in the spinal cord dorsal horns, the projection area of DRG neurons. The novel and unexpected localization for DCX protein opens up new, interesting vistas on the functional role of this protein in mature neurons and in particular in sensory neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:318–328, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalamocortical maturation in mice is influenced by body weight
Authors: Hoerder‐Suabedissen Anna , Paulsen Ole , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe emergence of the whisker‐related patterning of the barrel cortex during the first postnatal week is a frequently assessed feature of rodent cortical development and has been used extensively to screen for effects of genetic mutations on neural development in mice. As alterations in body weight often accompany genetic mutations, we asked whether body weight itself might affect the progression of barrel cortex development in wildtype C57/BL6 mice. The body weight varied considerably between as well as within litters, and could differ by a factor of up to 1.6 between littermates. The establishment of the periphery‐related and barrel patterning was assessed at postnatal (P days) 4 and 6 using cytochrome oxidase and Nissl staining. We found that only 20% of the mouse pups had an established thalamocortical afferent pattern in the barrel cortex at P4 (4 out of 21 brains), while the majority of the pups showed a well‐established pattern at P6 (13 of 16 brains). At both ages the more developed barrel structure was found in the heavier littermates. Conversely, no periphery‐related pattern was apparent in the somatosensory cortex at either P4 or P6 below a critical body weight of 2.6 g and 2.0 g, respectively. These findings may have implications for the interpretation of developmental changes in the barrel cortex of genetically modified mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:415–420, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A discontinuous finite element method for elasto‐plasticity
Authors: Hansbo Peter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe propose an interior penalty discontinuous finite element method for small strain elasto‐plasticity using triangular or tetrahedral meshes. A new penalty formulation suitable for plasticity, in particular allowing for inter‐element slip, is introduced. The method is also locking free, which is crucial as the plastic zone may exhibit an incompressible response. Numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dcI–Vmodel for short‐channel polygonal enclosed‐layout transistors
Authors: López Paula , Hauer Johann , Blanco‐Filgueira Beatriz , Cabello Diego 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDespite the demonstrated radiation immunity of gate‐enclosed layout transistors in deep submicron CMOS technologies, there is a significant lack of a thorough theoretical study addressing fundamental design issues on this kind of transistors. In this paper we propose a physical dcI–Vmodel for short‐channel polygonal‐shape enclosed‐layout transistors in both the linear and saturation regions of operation accounting for second‐order effects such as depletion region non‐uniformity, carrier velocity and channel length modulation. The impact of this layout style on the driving capability of the devices is also investigated. Experimental results based upon a fabricated NMOS test chip containing these devices in a standard 0.18µm CMOS technology process are presented. The comparison of the theoretical prediction with the experimental data show close agreement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunophenotypic profile of acute leukemia: Critical analysis and insights gained at a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Gujral S. , Badrinath Y. , Kumar A. , Subramanian P. G. , Raje G. , Jain H. , Pais A. , Kadam P. S. Amre , Banavali S. D. , Arora B. , Kumar P. , Menon V. G. Hari , Kurkure P. A. , Parikh P. M. , Mahadik S. , Chogule A. B. , Shinde S. C. , Nair C. N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the spectrum of various types and subtypes of acute leukemia.MethodsTwo thousand five hundred and eleven consecutive new referral cases of acute leukemia (AL) were evaluated based on WHO classification.ResultsIt included 1,471 cases (58%) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 964 cases (38%) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 45 cases (1.8%) of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CMLBC), 37 cases (1.5%) of biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), 1 case of Triphenotypic AL, and 2 cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL). Common subtypes of ALL were B‐cell ALL (76%), which comprised of intermediate stage/CALLA positive (73%), early precursor/proBALL (3%). T‐cell ALL constituted 24% (351 cases) of ALL. Common subtypes of AML included AMLM2 (27%), AMLM5 (15%), AMLM0 (12%), AMLM1 (12%), APML (11%), and AML t(8;21) (9%). CMLBC was commonly of myeloid blast crisis subtype (40 cases).ConclusionB‐cell ALL was the commonest subtype in children and AML in adults. Overall incidence of AML in adults was low (53% only). CD13 was most sensitive and CD117 most specific for determining myeloid lineage. A minimal primary panel of nine antibodies consisting of three myeloid markers (CD13, CD33, and CD117), B‐cell lymphoid marker (CD19), T‐cell marker (CD7), with CD45, CD10, CD34, and HLADR could assign lineage to 92% of AL. Cytogenetics findings lead to a change in the diagnostic subtype of myeloid malignancy in 38 (1.5%) cases. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
A new distributed QoS routing algorithm using mean field approximation method
Authors: Qian Fei , Hirata Hironori 
Published: September 2008

AbstractToday various real‐time services, such as audio and video conferencing and telemedicine are being deployed over the Internet. This requires the network to provide guarantees of the service provided to the receiver. The needs of applications are specified in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) metrics such as the desired bandwidth, response time, loss rate, expected reliability, etc. Support for QoS must be provided at each of the layers of the protocol stack for overall efficiency in network utilization. Routing algorithms supporting QoS differentiation differ from traditional routing algorithms in that, in QoS routing, the path from the source to the destination must satisfy multiple constraints simultaneously, while in conventional routing, routing decisions are made only on a single metric, such as cost or delay. However, it is well known that the problem of path selection subject to two or more independent additive metrics is NP‐complete which means that there is no efficient (polynomial) exact solution for the general multi‐constrained path (MCP) selection problems. In this paper, we present an outline of distributed QoS routing problems and propose a mean field annealing (MFA) heuristic algorithm to solve the MCP problem. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 1– 10, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10019
Emergence of burden sharing by robots equipped with an emotional model
Authors: Kusano Takuya , Nozawa Akio , Ide Hideto 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCooperative multirobot systems are much superior to single‐robot systems. They are able to adapt to various circumstances and they exhibit flexibility of response to various task requests. For effective functioning of a multirobot system, the robots must develop appropriate coordination and organization. In this context we consider the group behavior of insects, which lack advanced individual capabilities. For instance, ants and bees, which are considered social insects, use very simple means of communication such as pheromones or dance movements to perform systematic activities by interaction. The ants have evolved chemical communication, but humans have learned to communicate with words and gestures.In this study, a human emotion model based on psychological interaction was adapted to a multirobot system to achieve methods for organization of multiple robots. This study evaluates the behavior of real robots when this algorithm is used. Specifically the robots move back and forth on a test field with or without an obstacle. Despite the simple experimental design, the results indicate the occurrence of burden sharing which would be impossible with a centralized control system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 52–58, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10020
Medical association rule mining using genetic network programming
Authors: Shimada Kaoru , Wang Ruochen , Hirasawa Kotaro , Furuzuki Takayuki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn efficient algorithm for building a classifier is proposed based on an important association rule mining using genetic network programming (GNP). The proposed method measures the significance of the association via the chi‐squared test. Users can define the conditions of important association rules for building a classifier flexibly. The definition can include not only the minimum threshold chi‐squared value, but also the number of attributes in the association rules. Therefore, all the extracted important rules can be used for classification directly. GNP is one of the evolutionary optimization techniques, which uses the directed graph structure as genes. Instead of generating a large number of candidate rules, our method can obtain a sufficient number of important association rules for classification. In addition, our method suits association rule mining from dense databases such as medical datasets, where many frequently occurring items are found in each tuple. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for classification using important association rules extracted by GNP with acquisition mechanisms and present some experimental results of medical datasets. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 46–54, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10022
Asset inequality and economic activity in artificial societies
Authors: Kikuchi Toshiko 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, using multiagent simulations, the effect asset inequality has on an artificial society is analyzed. It is shown that it is possible for a sustainable society to decrease in asset inequality and at the same time increase economic activity. In sustainable societies, the asset inequality increases as the consumption tax is raised, and in artificial societies where the tax rate is the same, inequality increases in the society in which agents with even a small surplus undertake altruistic actions. In sustainable societies that employ both income and consumption tax, an increase in asset inequalities leads to an increase in economic activity. But in sustainable societies which levy only the income tax, this result does not necessarily hold. These results show that if economic activity is increased in sustainable societies where the consumption tax rate is raised for the sake of fiscal stability, an expansion in inequality is an acceptable consequence. However, the sustainable society with the highest economic activity is realized when only the income tax is levied. In sustainable societies that levy only income tax, it is possible to decrease inequality while simultaneously increasing economic activity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 14–22, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10023
Global optimization by equilibrium‐point search of gradient‐based dynamical system
Authors: Masuda Kazuaki , Kurihara Kenzo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a global optimization method based on thoroughly searching for equilibrium points of gradient‐based dynamical systems. Such a method is possible due to the linkage between equilibrium points of nonlinear systems and the outstanding properties of gradient dynamics. As the essence of this study, a general form of computational procedure for efficiently finding equilibrium points of nonlinear dynamical system based on the use of trajectories initiating from already known points into their eigendirections is provided. Then, optimization is realized by incorporating the procedure to gradient‐based models for obtaining various local optima as their stable equilibrium points. Its application to constrained global optimization is also discussed, and the effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through numerical simulations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 19– 31, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10026 Copyright © 2008
Development of microdevices for physioelectrical measurement of biological cells
Authors: Akagi Takanori , Minamino Atsushi , Ichiki Takanori 
Published: September 2008

AbstractElectrical characteristics of biological cells are important indices for obtaining information about the state and function of a cell. In this paper, we report the development of microdevices for physioelectrical measurement of cells by applying nano/microfabrication technologies. These devices enable the highly precise measurement of cell membrane potential and zeta potential of individual cells in a minimally invasive manner. Such a fusion of the microdevice technologies and biotechnologies is expected to provide power diagnostic tools for future cell study and cell therapy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 40– 45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10027
Proposal of particle swarm optimization methods with nonlinear dissipative term
Authors: Murata Hideki , Yasuda Keiichiro , Aiyoshi Eitaro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOptimization methods based on metaheuristics are proposed as a class of global optimization methods, by which the global minimum can be obtained without being trapped in local minima. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is one of these methods, is known for its high searching ability and easy implementation. However, it might be difficult to find the global optimum for optimization problems with a number of decision variables and multiple local optima. In this paper, we propose three types of new PSO methods to overcome this difficulty. One is a model with nonlinear dissipative term introduced by Fujita and colleagues [4] to prohibit the search point's velocity from being zero. The others are models with the nonlinear dissipative term with the pbest or the gbest information to disturb the search around them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 23–30, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10028
Virus‐evolutionary linear genetic programming
Authors: Tamura Kenji , Mutoh Atsuko , Nakamura Tsuyoshi , Itoh Hidenori 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMany kinds of evolutionary methods have been proposed. GA and GP in particular have demonstrated their effectiveness in various problems recently, and many systems have been proposed. One is Virus‐Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (VE‐GA), and the other is Linear Genetic Programming in C (LGPC). The performance of each system has been reported. VE‐GA is the coevolution system of host individuals and virus individuals. That can spread schema effectively among the host individuals by using virus infection and virus incorporation. LGPC implements the GP by representing the individuals to one dimension as if GA. LGPC can reduce a search cost of pointer and save machine memory, and can reduce the time to implement GP programs. We have proposed that a system introduce virus individuals in LGPC, and analyzed the performance of the system on two problems. Our system can spread schema among the population, and search solution effectively. The results of computer simulation show that this system can search for solution depending on LGPC applying problem's character compared with LGPC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 32– 39, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10030
Action control of autonomous agents in continuous valued space using RFCN
Authors: Shirakawa Shinichi , Nagao Tomoharu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractResearchers on action control of autonomous agents and multiple agents have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The general methods using action control of agents are neural network, genetic programming, and reinforcement learning. In this study, we use neural network for action control of autonomous agents. Our method determines the structure and parameter of neural network in evolution. We proposed Flexibly Connected Neural Network (FCN) previously as a method of constructing arbitrary neural networks with optimized structures and parameters to solve unknown problems. FCN was applied to action control of an autonomous agent and showed experimentally that it is effective for perceptual aliasing problems. All of the experiments of FCN, however, are only in grid space. In this paper, we propose a new method based on FCN which can decide correction action in real and continuous valued space. The proposed method, called Real‐valued FCN (RFCN), optimizes input–output functions of each unit, parameters of the input–output functions and speed of each unit. In order to examine its effectiveness, we applied the proposed method to action control of an autonomous agent to solve continuous‐valued maze problems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 31–39, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10032
Evaluation of glycosylation for quality assurance of antibody pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kamoda Satoru , Kakehi Kazuaki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) pharmaceuticals has rapidly generated in this decade, and there are currently 23 FDA‐approved mAb pharmaceuticals. Carbohydrate chains in mAb pharmaceuticals play important roles for the expression of their biological activities such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas the oligosaccharide profile is easily changed depending on the manufacturing conditions. Therefore, the evaluation of carbohydrate chains in detail is quite important for quality control in the development of mAb from early phases, but oligosaccharides in mAb have high heterogeneity and full characterization of oligosaccharide moiety in mAb has been a challenging target. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful tool for the evaluation of glycan occupancy and oligosaccharide profile. This review focuses mainly on the application of CE to the analytical studies on glycosylation in mAb pharmaceuticals developed in our laboratory. The related techniques including the full‐image microchip isoelectric focusing and the newly developed mass spectrometry technologies are also shown. The combination of the techniques described in this review will be a good guide for the evaluation of glycosylation for quality assurance of antibody pharmaceuticals by CE from the early stage of the development to the marketing stage.