bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Childhood Resilience Study: Resilience and emotional and behavioural wellbeing experienced by Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander boys and girls aged 5–9 years
Authors: Gartland Deirdre , Nikolof Arwen , Mensah Fiona , Gee Graham , Glover Karen , Leane Cathy , Carter Heather , Brown Stephanie Janne 
Published: April 2024

Background
Resilience is a process of drawing on internal or external strengths to regain, sustain or improve adaptive outcomes despite adversity. Using a child resilience measure co-designed with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, we investigate: 1) children’s personal, family, school and community strengths; 2) gender differences; and 3) associations between resilience and wellbeing.

Methods
1132 parent/caregivers of children aged 5–12 years were recruited to the Childhood Resilience Study, including through the Aboriginal Families Study. The Aboriginal Families Study is a population-based cohort of 344 mothers of an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander child. This paper focuses on the wave 2 survey data on child resilience at age 5–9 years (n = 231). Resilience was assessed with the Child Resilience Questionnaire-parent/caregiver report (CRQ-P/C), categorised into tertiles of low, moderate and high scores. Child emotional/behavioural wellbeing and mental health competence was assessed with the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. All Tobit regression models adjusted for child age.

Outcomes
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander girls had higher resilience scores compared to boys (Adj.β = 0·9, 95%CI 0·9–1·4), with higher School Engagement, Friends and Connectedness to language scale scores. Resilience scores were strongly associated with wellbeing and high mental health competence. A higher proportion of girls with low resilience scores had positive wellbeing than did boys (73.3% versus 49.0%). High resilience scores were associated with lower SDQ total difficulties score after adjusting for child age, gender, maternal age and education and family location (major city, regional, remote) (Adj.β = -3.4, 95%CI -5.1, -1.7). Compared to the Childhood Resilience Study sample, Aboriginal Families Study children had higher mean CRQ-P/C scores in the personal and family domains.

Interpretation
High family strengths can support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children at both an individual and cultural level. Boys may benefit from added scaffolding by schools, family and communities to support their social and academic connectedness.
Rauwolfia polysaccharide can inhibit the progress of ulcerative colitis through NOS2-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wu Haidong , Jiang Fan , Yuan Wei , Zhao Ye , Liu Ning , Miao Xinpu 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the digestive tract. Rauwolfia polysaccharide (Rau) has therapeutic effects on colitis in mice, but its mechanism of action needs to be further clarified. In the study, we explored the effect of Rau on the UC cell model induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).MethodsWe constructed a UC cell model by stimulating HT-29 cells with LPS. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to induce mice to construct an animal model of UC. Subsequently, we performed Rau administration on the UC cell model. Then, the therapeutic effect of Rau on UC cell model and was validated through methods such as Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Muse, Quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe results showed that Rau can promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of the HT-29 cells-induced by LPS. Moreover, we observed that Rau can inhibit the expression of NOS2/JAK2/STAT3 in LPS-induced HT-29 cells. To further explore the role of NOS2 in UC progression, we used siRNA technology to knock down NOS2 and search for its mechanism in UC. The results illustrated that NOS2 knockdown can promote proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of LPS-induced HT-29 cells by JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments, we observed that the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway can inhibit the effect of Rau on DSS-induced UC model.ConclusionIn short, Rauwolfia polysaccharide can inhibit the progress of ulcerative colitis through NOS2-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. This study provides a theoretical clue for the treatment of UC by Rau.
Rehabilitation interventions delivered via telehealth to support self-management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Barnett Rosemarie , Shakaib Nuzhat , Ingram Thomas A. , Jones Simon , Sengupta Raj , Rouse Peter C. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Telerehabilitation is a term to describe rehabilitation services delivered via information and communication technology. Such services are an increasingly important component for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Telerehabilitation has the potential to expand the long-term self-management options for individuals with RMDs, improve symptoms, and relieve pressures on health care services. Yet, little is known about the variety of interventions implemented, and how they are being evaluated. Thus, this scoping review aims to identify and describe existing rehabilitation interventions delivered via telehealth for RMDs. Specifically, we aim to identify and summarize the key components of rehabilitation, the technology used, the level of health care professional interaction, and how the effectiveness of interventions is evaluated.

Methods
We will conduct this review following the latest JBI scoping review methodology and the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The ‘Population-Concept-Context (PCC)’ framework will be used, whereby the ‘Population’ is RMDs (≥18 years); the ‘Concept’ is rehabilitation; and the ‘Context’ is telehealth. Developed in collaboration with a subject Librarian, refined PCC key terms will be utilized to search (from 2011–2021) three electronic databases (i.e., Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) for articles published in English. Search results will be exported to the citation management software (EndNote), duplicates removed, and eligibility criteria applied to title/abstract and full-text review. Relevant information pertaining to the PCC framework will be extracted. Data will be summarized qualitatively, and if appropriate, quantitatively via frequency counts of the components comprising the ‘Concept’ and ‘Context’ categories of the PCC framework.

Discussion
Findings from the proposed scoping review will identify how telehealth is currently used in the delivery of rehabilitation interventions for RMDs. The findings will develop our understanding of such interventions and provide a platform from which to inform future research directions.
Statistical estimation of fatal and serious injuries saved by iRAP protocols in 74 countries
Authors: Li Qingfeng , Bradford James , Bachani Abdulgafoor M. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
Road traffic crashes cause 1.19 million deaths and millions more injuries annually. The persistently high burden has drawn attention from national and international stakeholders worldwide. Unsafe road infrastructure is one of the major risk factors for traffic safety, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
Aiming to eliminate high-risk roads in all countries, the International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) developed a robust and evidence-based approach to support country transportation agencies.

Results
Thus far, the iRAP protocols have been used to collect 1.8 million kilometers of Crash Risk Mapping and 1.5 million kilometers of Star Rating and FSI estimations in 128 countries. Deploying an observational before-and-after (or pre-post) study design, this report estimated the fatal and series injuries (FSI) saved through use of the iRAP protocols. The study is based on 441,753 kilometers of assessed roads from 1,039 projects in 74 countries. Our results show that the implementation of iRAP’s proposed countermeasures saves about 159,936 FSI annually. Throughout the lifetime of the implemented countermeasures, a total of 3.2 million FSI could be saved.

Conclusion
While quantifying the success of the iRAP protocols, our results suggest an opportunity to save many millions more lives on the roads through expanding iRAP implementation to more regions and countries.
Factors associated with venous collaterals in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Petchprom Phirat , Sanghan Nuttha , Khumthong Rujimas , Setthawatcharawanich Suwanna , Sathirapanya Pornchai , Leelawattana Rattana , Korathanakhun Pat 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
To identify the factors associated with venous collaterals in Thai patients with cerebral venous thrombosis.

Materials and methods
This retrospective 20-year cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis between January 2002 and December 2022. Data was collected from the electronic medical record, and venous collaterals were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists using the Qureshi classification. Patients with and without venous collaterals were compared. Significant factors (P<0.05) in the univariate analysis were recruited into the multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine independently associated factors.

Results
Among 79 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis, the prevalence of venous collaterals at the initial neuroimaging was 25.3%. In the univariate analysis, patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and venous collaterals were significantly younger (37.0±13.9 years vs. 44.9±17.4 years, P = 0.048), more often had occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus (80.0% vs. 54.2%, P = 0.041), and were associated with hormonal exposure (35.0% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.581; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.941–13.626; P = 0.044) and hormonal exposure (aOR 7.276, 95% CI 1.606–32.966, P = 0.010) as independent factors associated with venous collaterals in cerebral venous thrombosis.

Conclusions
In this cohort, the prevalence of venous collaterals was 25.3%. Occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus and hormonal exposure were independently associated with venous collaterals in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis.
The effect of methylphenidate on anaesthesia recovery: An experimental study in pigs
Authors: Mirra Alessandro , Micieli Fabiana , Arnold Mirjam , Spadavecchia Claudia , Levionnois Olivier Louis 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Due to the lack of specific antagonists for general anaesthetics, the pharmacological stimulation of the arousal pathways might contribute to reduce recovery time. We aimed at assessing the effect of methylphenidate on physiological parameters, nociceptive withdrawal reflex thresholds, electroencephalographic variables and time of reappearance of reflexes in pigs undergoing propofol anaesthesia.

Materials and methods
Two experiments have been performed. Five (experiment 1) and sixteen (experiment 2) healthy juvenile pigs were anaesthetised with propofol. In experiment 1, saline, methylphenidate 10 mg/kg or methylphenidate 20 mg/kg was administered intravenously at the end of propofol administration, using a cross-over design. In experiment 2, saline (n = 8) or methylphenidate 20 mg/kg (n = 8) was administered immediately after extubation. In both experiments, physiological parameters, nociceptive withdrawal reflex thresholds, electroencephalographic variables and time of reappearance of reflexes were assessed. Comparison among groups was performed using either the two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-Test or the t-test in case of parametric data, and either the Kruskal-Wallis test or the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test in case of non-parametric data. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
No clinically relevant changes were observed in both experiments for physiological parameters, nociceptive withdrawal reflex thresholds and electroencephalographic variables.

Conclusions
Methylphenidate does not shorten or modify anaesthesia recovery in pigs, when the sole propofol is administered.
The influence of diagnostic subgroups, patient- and hospital characteristics for the validity of cardiovascular diagnoses–Data from a Norwegian hospital trust
Authors: Rye Cathrine Sæthern , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Romundstad Pål Richard , Horn Julie , Dalen Håvard 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cardiovascular discharge diagnoses may serve as endpoints in epidemiological studies if they have a high validity. Aim was to study if diagnoses-specific characteristics like type, sub-categories, and position of cardiovascular diagnoses affected diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
Patients (n = 7,164) with a discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure or cerebrovascular disease were included. Data were presented as positive predictive values (PPV) and sensitivity.

Results
PPV was high (≥88%) for acute myocardial infarction (n = 2,189) (except for outpatients). For heart failure (n = 4,026) PPV was 67% overall, but higher (>99%) when etiology or echocardiography was included. For hemorrhagic (n = 257) and ischemic (n = 1,034) strokes PPVs were 87% and 80%, respectively, with sensitivity of 79% and 75%. Transient ischemic attacks (n = 926) had PPV 56%, but sensitivity 86%. Primary diagnoses showed higher validity than subsequent diagnoses and inpatient diagnoses were more valid than outpatient diagnoses (except for transient ischemic attack). The diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure where most valid when placed at cardiology units, while ischemic stroke when discharged from an internal medicine unit.

Conclusions
The diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction and stroke had excellent validity when placed during hospital stays. Similarly, heart failure diagnoses had excellent validity when echocardiography was performed before placing the diagnosis, while overall the diagnoses of heart failure and transient ischemic attack were less valid. In conclusion, the results indicate that cardiovascular diagnoses based on objective findings such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke have excellent validity and may be used as endpoints in clinical epidemiological studies with less rigid validation.
Longitudinal Microbiome Changes in Children Exposed to Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Yanjia Jason , Connearney Sarah , Hester Lisa , Du Maritha , Catacora Andrea , Akkara Anna , Wen Anna , Bry Lynn , Alm Eric J. , Rosen Rachel 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and upper respiratory infections in children. There are limited longitudinal data on the effect of PPI in children. The goal of this prospective observational study was to compare the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome of children before and after starting PPIs.

METHODS:
We prospectively recruited participants from a gastroenterology clinic. Consented participants provided stool samples and oropharyngeal swabs at baseline and after 8 weeks of PPI therapy. Microbiome changes were measured by analyzing 16S sequencing from both body sites at both time points.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four participants completed the study and provided samples both at baseline and after 8 weeks on PPI therapy. Of those, 24 participants had sufficient sequencing from both stool and oropharyngeal samples at both time points. There were no differences between the pre-PPI and post-PPI samples using beta-diversity metrics in either the oropharynx or stool. There were, however, significant changes in specific taxa. There was an enrichment of Streptococcus in the stool after PPI use and a reduction in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Turicibacter (P-values < 0.01). Furthermore, there was an increase in the relative abundance of oropharyngeal bacteria in the stool after PPI therapy. This enrichment of oropharyngeal bacteria in the stool was most prominent in younger participants.

DISCUSSION:
Further investigation is needed to determine the clinical and microbial factors that predispose or protect against microbiome changes due to PPI use and why young children are more susceptible to this PPI effect.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Patient With Multivessel Disease and Dextrocardia With Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Shahani Rohit , Ahmed Adham , Rosell Frank M. , Iribarne Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis is a rare hereditary condition characterized by reversed orientation of the major thoracic and abdominal organs. Though dextrocardia itself is not believed to increase the risk of coronary artery disease, the workup and surgical management of patients with this condition may be technically challenging to heart team clinicians. This report describes the case management of a high-risk 56-year-old man with dextrocardia who presented with multivessel coronary artery disease.
Factors affecting Chinese undergraduate medical students’ behavioural intention and actual use of intelligent tutoring systems
Authors: Han Feifei 
Published: April 2024

This study examined Chinese undergraduate medical students’ acceptance and adoption of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) using the general extended technology acceptance model for e-learning via a Likert-scale questionnaire. Specifically, it examined the relations between the five antecedents and the four core components in the model (i.e., perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), behavioural intention and actual use of ITSs). The results of PLS-SEM showed that perceived enjoyment was the most influential antecedent as it significantly impacted both PU and PEOU. Both self-efficacy and prior experience only significantly contributed to PEOU but not PU. Both PU and PEOU significantly and positively predicted behavioural intention, which in turn had a significant and positive path to actual use. The results provide some practical implications to teachers as to how to encourage Chinese undergraduate medical students’ adoption of ITSs: by integrating some gamification elements into the learning activities in ITSs to foster students’ enjoyable feelings or familiarising students with using ITSs so that they can quickly adapt to learning through them. This could be achieved by providing guidance in using ITSs via videos, websites or booklets, or at the beginning of the course, inviting senior students to share their perceived advantages and usefulness of using ITSs.

Implications for practice or policy:

Because of the importance of perceived enjoyment, teachers may integrate some gamification into the learning activities in ITSs to nurture students’ enjoyable feelings.
To enable students to quickly accommodate learning via ITSs, institutions may provide students with information on common features of ITSs or how to navigate a specific ITS.
Teachers may explicitly explain how learning objectives can be better achieved through using an ITSs so that students will appreciate its usefulness.
Corpus-based discourse analysis: from meta-reflection to accountability
Authors: Bednarek Monika , Schweinberger Martin , Lee Kelvin K. H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in data and method reflection in corpus-based discourse analysis. In this article, we first take stock of some of the issues arising from such reflection (covering concepts such as triangulation, objectivity/subjectivity, replication, transparency, reflexivity, consistency). We then introduce a new ‘accountability’ framework for use in corpus-based discourse analysis (and perhaps beyond). We conceptualise such accountability as a multi-faceted phenomenon, covering various aspects of the research process. In the second part of this article, we then link this framework to a new cross-institutional initiative – the Australian Text Analytics Platform (ATAP) – which aims to address a small part of the framework, namely the transparency of analyses through Jupyter notebooks. We introduce the Quotation Tool as an example ATAP notebook of particular relevance to corpus-based discourse analysis. We reflect on how this notebook fosters accountability in relation to transparency of analysis and illustrate key applications using a set of different corpora.
Active cooling of a photovoltaic module in hot-ambient temperatures: theory versus experiment
Authors: Abdel-Raheim Amr Ayman , Hassan Ali A. M. , Abdel-Salam Mazen , El-Sayed Abou Hashema M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The performance improvement of a PV-module is investigated theoretically and experimentally in a long-term research-plan via module cooling by different approaches including passive, active, and evaporative cooling as well as water cooling for the same module. In the present paper, the investigation is conducted to decide on the suitability of active-cooling of the module in hot-ambient temperatures. A module without cooling is used as a base case for comparison against cooled modules with and without fins attached to the module’s rear-surface and extended down in an air-cooling duct underneath the module. At first, a theoretical study of heat transfer through the module is conducted to investigate how the calculated cell temperature and module output power are influenced by the air velocity from a blower, ambient temperature and solar irradiation. The results showed a decrease of cell temperature by about 7–10 °C with a subsequent increase of electrical efficiency. The cell temperature decreases significantly with the increase of duct height and with the increase of the number and length of fins, the same as in passive cooling. The cell temperature decreases by more than 3 °C at duct height of 0.2 m. The calculated values of cell temperature, open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the module with and without active cooling agreed reasonably with the present measured values over the day hours of two successive days in summer season. At air velocity of 1.5 m/s, the increase of electrical efficiency by active cooling was found 0.67–0.80 %. Further increase of air-flow velocity or duct-height in active cooling seeking higher efficiency is not recommended due to increase of consumed electric power by air-blower and limited decrease of cell temperature. This concludes that air cooling is not effective in regions of hot ambient temperatures. For a non-cooled module, the cell temperature is related to the ambient temperature in terms of the solar radiation and NOCT, the datasheet value of normal-operating-cell-temperature. The relationship is modified in the present paper to account for air-flow through the duct seeking its extension for application to air-cooled modules.