bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purified NADPH‐Sulfite Reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Effects on Quality of Ozonated Mackerel Surimi
Authors: Jiang Shann‐Tzong , Ho Ming‐Lang , Jiang Sheng‐Ho , Chen Hsing‐Chen 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe NADPH‐sulfite reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Sephacel, Sephacryl S‐300 and DEAE Sephadex A‐50 chromatography. Optimal pH was 7.3 and temperature 25°C. It was inhibited by IAA, PCMPS, PMSF, NEM, PCMB, cyanide and most divalent metal ions. For the ozonated mackerel surimi ground with purified reductase, the reactive SH increased from 2.29∞105 to 4.46∞105mole/g and gel strength from 256.7 to 360.5g·cm. According to SDS‐PAGE, the recovery of myosin heavy chain was observed on the ozonated mackerel surimi with addition of NADPH‐sulfite reductase.
Protein and Amino Acid Profiles in Natural and Artificial Shark Fins using Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: CHOU SHIN‐SHOU , SU SHU‐CHU , SHIAU HUEI‐WEN , HWANG DENG‐FWU , YU PEI‐CHIN , LEE SHU‐CHI 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe potential utility of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for differentiation between natural and artificial shark fins was established. Three major protein components (peaks I‐III) of shark fins were well‐separated and used as parameters for differentiation between natural and artificial shark fins. The height ratio of protein peak III to protein peak I was higher in natural shark fins than that in artificial products. Further, the profile of amino acids in natural dried shark fins was somewhat different from that in artificial samples. The level of tyrosine was especially high (5.11‐8.11%) in natural dried shark fins, but low or not detectable (0‐0.22%) in artificial samples.
Maillard Reaction in Glassy Low‐Moisture Solids as Affected by Buffer Type and Concentration
Authors: BELL LEONARD N. , WHITE KAREN L. , CHEN YIN‐HUI 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThis study's objectives were to investigate the effects of buffer type and concentration on the kinetics of the Maillard reaction in low‐moisture solids. Glucose loss and brown pigment formation were evaluated in low‐moisture glassy systems obtained by lyophilizing solutions containing various concentrations of phosphate or citrate buffer at pH 7 and 25°C. Rate constants for glucose loss decreased as buffer concentration increased, suggesting that a change in the system pH had occurred. Rate constants for browning increased with increasing phosphate buffer concentration and decreased with increasing citrate concentration. Phosphate buffer appeared to catalyze later pathways of the Maillard reaction.
Hydration of Whey Powders as Determined by Different Methods
Authors: LAMIOT E. , POULIOT M. , LEBEUF Y. , PAQUIN P. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTFour methods for evaluating water hydration of 15 whey derivative powders were compared, and results are discussed with respect to the chemical composition of the powders. Hydration capacities between 0.21 and 4.64 mL water/g of powder were obtained, depending on the method used. The filtration/centrifugation method gave the highest hydration capacity, whereas the paste‐water retention method gave the lowest. The Baumann test and the paste‐water retention method were well correlated with protein and lactose content of the powders, enabling differentiation between hydration capacities of whey protein concentrates (35% proteins) and electrodialyzed whey powders (12% proteins). Reliable characterization of hydration required a combination of methods.
Frozen Hake Fillets Quality as Related to Texture and Viscosity By Mechanical Methods
Authors: BARROSO MARTA , CARECHE MERCEDES , BARRIOS LAURA , BORDERIAS A. JAVIER 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThis work aimed to develop a textural quality classification function for frozen hake fillets using instrumental measurements. Frozen hake fillets were stored to provide a wide range of textures. Raw and cooked fillets were analyzed for texture using Kramer and Warner‐Bratzler shear cells and a puncture device. Apparent viscosity, dimethylamine and protein solubility were also measured. Principal Component Analysis indicated three factors accounted for 86.5% of the variance. Four clusters were found, ranging from excellent quality (low texture, high viscosity) to very poor (high texture, low viscosity). Parameters required for classification were viscosity, maximum force from Kramer and maximum force and energy from the puncture test.
Effects of Long‐Grain Rough Rice Storage History on End‐Use Quality
Authors: DANIELS M. J. , MARKS B. P. , SIEBENMORGEN T. J. , MCNEW R.W. , MEULLENET J. F. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTRough rice (cv. Cypress) from the 1995 season was harvested, dried, and stored in laboratory‐scale studies. Treatments included pre‐drying conditions, drying conditions, storage temperatures, and storage durations. Temporary wet storage prior to drying affected cooking properties (p<0.005) and peak viscosity (p<0.005). Drying treatments affected head rice yield (p<0.05), cooking properties (p<0.001), and peak viscosity (p<0.05). Storage temperature was related (p<0.05) to cooking properties and peak viscosity via a second‐order relationship. Head rice yield and cooking properties were also affected (p<0.05) by storage duration.
Corn Grits Particle Size and Distribution Effects on the Characteristics of Expanded Extrudates
Authors: DESRUMAUX A. , BOUVIER J.M. , BURRI J. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of corn particle size and distribution on the ex trusion‐cooking process was studied. Extrusion cooking was carried out in a twin‐screw corotating extruder. The effects of particle characteristics were studied by analyzing process responses on‐line, by expansion indices, mechanical (puncture test) and structural (computerized image analysis) prop erties of the extrudate. An increase in particle size for a given biochemical composition gave extrudates that were harder, with a modified expansion and lower cell density. The par ticle size distribution in the range studied was not significant. Correlations were found between expansion indices and process responses.
Nutrient‐based Corn and Soy Products by Twin‐screw Extrusion
Authors: KONSTANCE R. P. , ONWULATA C. I. , SMITH P.W. , LU D. , TUNICK M. H. , STRANGE E. D. , HOLSINGER V. H. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTBlends were developed to provide 20% protein, 12% fat, 68% carbohydrate and 8% moisture. High protein soy products (full fat flakes, protein isolate and/or concentrate) were formulated with corn meal and soybean oil to provide high protein and fat. The blends were extruded to provide pre‐cooked foods that could be reconstituted at 40°C to a porridge or gruel, eliminating prolonged cooking or degradation of heat labile nutrients. Two types of soy isolate and concentrate were evaluated under extrusion temperatures from 100 to 130°C and feed moistures 8.5 to 18%. The extrusion of lower valued concentrates at 100 to 115°C with moisture from 12 to 18% produced a precooked mix that was high in nutrients and contained the most available lysine.
High Hydrostatic Pressure Effects on Vegetable Structure
Authors: PRÉSTAMO G. , ARROYO G. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTCryo‐fracture scanning electron microscopy revealed the changes that cauliflower and spinach leaves undergo after treatment with high hydrostatic pressure. High pressure changed cell permeability and enabled movement of water and metabolites from inside to outside of the cell. The ultrastructure showed that parenchyma organization disappeared in spinach leaf and cavity formation occurred after treatment. However, cauliflower exhibited a firm structure with a soaked appearance and would be more suitable than spinach for high hydrostatic pressure treatment.
Heat Distribution in Industrial‐scale Water Cascading (Rotary) Retort
Authors: SMOUT C. , LOEY A. VAN , HENDRICKX M. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTA heat distribution study was performed in an industrial‐scale 4‐basket water cascading rotary retort under fully loaded operating conditions. Detailed analysis of the temperature distribution basket‐by‐basket was followed by an evaluation of the temperature distribution throughout the retort (at 0, 4 and 7 rpm). Finally, a heating rate distribution study, using silicone elastomer food‐simulants, was carried out to evaluate heat transfer uniformity throughout the retort. Results revealed that for static processes the slowest heating zone was located at the bottom of the basket at the back of the retort, whereas for rotary processes the center of this basket was heated slowest. Heating rate distribution results indicated uniform heat transfer throughout the retort.
Model for Combined Effects of Temperature, pH and Water Activity on Thermal Inactivation of Bacillus cereus Spores
Authors: GAILLARD S. , LEGUERINEL I. , MAFART P. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTInitially, the effect of water activity (aw) on heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores (decimal reduction time) was investigated. A linear relationship was found between log D and 1‐aw. The combined effects of temperature (85‐105°C), pH (4.5‐6.5) and water activity (0.80‐1) were then studied. A four parameter model was fitted to the data. This model appeared to be parsimonious with each parameter having a biological significance. Interactions between factors were observed but they accounted for <2.4% of the total variation and they were not taken into account by the model.
Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Cider as Affected by Dimethyl Dicarbonate, Sodium Bisulfite, and Sodium Benzoate
Authors: FISHER TOMEKA L. , GOLDEN DAVID A. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTSurvival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider containing no preservatives, 0.025% dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), 0.045% sodium benzoate (SB), 0.0046% sodium bisulfite (NaS; 65.5% sulfur dioxide), or a combination of NaS and SB (NaS/SB) and stored at 4, 10, and 25°C was evaluated. E. coli O157:H7 survived for up to 18 days at 4,10, and 25°C in unpreserved apple cider. At 4 and 10°C, DMDC was most efficient at inactivating E. coli O157:H7, generally followed by NaS/SB SB, and NaS (p<0.05). E coli O157:H7 was more resistant to preservatives at 4°C than at 25°C (P < 0.05). E. coli O157:H7 was sublethally injured in cider containing preservatives, and to a lesser extent, in unpreserved cider. Generally, injury was more pronounced in cider containing DMDC, followed by NaS/SB, SB, and NaS (p<0.05).
Bacilli Spoilage in Part‐baked and Rebaked Brown Soda Bread
Authors: LEUSCHNER R.G.K. , O'CALLAGHAN M.J.A. , ARENDT E.K. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTBrown soda bread had a pH of 7‐9 depending on the sodium bicarbonate concentration. Part‐baked bread developed ropiness after two days at room temperature. Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus and B. licheniformis were isolated and their spores displayed D‐values in bread dough of 14, 10 and 56 min at 100°C. Germination and growth was examined in broth at pH 6‐10 and at 4°, 20°, 30° and 37°C. No growth was observed at 4°C and at pH 10. Rebaking of the part‐baked bread heat activated particularly B. licheniformis spores.
Light‐Oxidized Flavor Development and Vitamin A Degradation in Chocolate Milk
Authors: CHAPMAN K.W. , ROSENBERRY L.C. , BANDLER D.K. , BOOR K.J. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTSamples of several chocolate milk formulations were exposed to light to determine if the components masked and/or prevented light‐oxidized flavors or prevented photodegradation of vitamin A. Chocolate flavor added either before or after light exposure masked light‐oxidized flavor (p<0.05). Neither carrageenan nor chocolate color prevented development of light‐oxidized flavor. Vitamin A degradation was reduced by the addition of carrageenan alone or in combination with chocolate dairy powder (chocolate flavor and color), chocolate color or chocolate flavor (p<0.05).
The fatigue experience of haemodialysis patients in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Bih‐O , Lin Chiu‐Chu , Chaboyer Wendy , Chiang Chiu‐Ling , Hung Chuan‐Chuan 
Published: January 2007

Aims and objectives.  To expand the theoretical understanding of fatigue, this study used in‐depth interview to explore the fatigue experience from haemodialysis patients’ perspectives.Background.  Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by the people with chronic diseases including those with renal failure requiring haemodialysis.Methods.  Data were collected in a haemodialysis unit of a hospital in South Taiwan. Purposive samples of 14 participants were interviewed in‐depth. Colaizzi's methods were used to analyse transcripts of the interviews.Results.  Ten themes were delineated and classified into three domains. The first domain ‘physical fatigue’ consists of four themes: (1) habitual fatigue, (2) experiencing the uraemic symptoms (3) suffering from sleeping disturbance, (4) insufficient physical energy. The second domain ‘affective fatigue’ contains three themes: (5) detesting long‐term treatment, (6) perceiving depression (7) and feeling exhausted. The third domain ‘cognitive fatigue’ includes three themes: (8) regretting lost cognition, (9) intentional isolation and (10) coping with fatigue.Conclusions.  The findings identify that fatigue is a multi‐dimensional concept. By understanding the various aspects of fatigue, nurses may be better able to plan and provide fatigue‐relieving strategies for haemodialysis patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results can provide a direction for interventional studies designed to reduce the patients’ fatigue.
Evaluation of a falls prevention programme in an acute tertiary care hospital
Authors: Williams Teresa A , King Gail , Hill Anne‐Marie , Rajagopal Maha , Barnes Tina , Basu Anita , Pascoe Graeme , Birkett Katherine , Kidd Heather 
Published: January 2007

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate a systematic, coordinated approach to limit the severity and minimize the number of falls in an acute care hospital.Background.  Patient falls are a significant cause of preventable injury and death, particularly in older patients. Best practice principles mandate that hospitals identify those patients at risk of falling and implement interventions to prevent or minimize them.Methods.  A before and after design was used for the study. All patients admitted to three medical wards and a geriatric evaluation management unit were enrolled over a six‐month period. Patients’ risk of falling was assessed using a falls risk assessment tool and appropriate interventions implemented using a falls care plan. Data related to the number and severity of falls were obtained from the Australian Incident Monitoring System database used at the study site.Results.  In this study, 1357 patient admissions were included. According to their risk category, 37% of patients (n = 496) were grouped as low risk (score = 1–10), 58% (n = 774) medium risk (score = 11–20) and 5% (n = 63) high risk (score = 21–33) for falls. The incidence of falls (per average occupied bed day) was eight per 1000 bed days for the study period. Compared with the same months in 2002/2003, there was a significant reduction in falls from 0·95 to 0·80 (95% CI for the difference −0·14 to −0·16, P < 0·001).Conclusion.  We evaluated a systematic, coordinated approach to falls management that included a falls risk assessment tool and falls care plan in the acute care setting. Although a significant reduction in falls was found in this study, it could not be attributed to any specific interventions.Relevance to clinical practice.  Preventing falls where possible is essential. Assessment of risk and use of appropriate interventions can reduce the incidence of falls.
Non‐blanchable erythema as an indicator for the need for pressure ulcer prevention: a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Vanderwee Katrien , Grypdonck Maria , Defloor Tom 
Published: January 2007

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate whether postponing preventive measures until non‐blanchable erythema appears will actually lead to an increase in incidence of pressure ulcers (grades 2–4) when compared with the standard risk assessment method.Background.  To distinguish patients at risk for pressure ulcers from those not at risk, risk assessment scales are recommended. These scales have limited predictive validity. The prevention of further deterioration of non‐blanchable erythema (grade 1 pressure ulcer) instead of the standard way of assigning prevention could be a possible new approach.Design.  Randomized‐controlled trial.Methods.  Patients admitted to surgical, internal or geriatric wards (n = 1617) were included. They were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. In the experimental group (n = 826), prevention was started when non‐blanchable erythema appeared, in the control group (n = 791) when the Braden score was <17 or when non‐blanchable erythema appeared. In both groups, patients received identical prevention, either by using a polyethylene–urethane mattress in combination with turning every four hours or by using an alternating pressure air mattress. Pressure points were observed daily and classified according to the four grades of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. The Braden scale was scored every three days.Results.  In the experimental group, 16% of patients received preventive measures, in the control group 32%. The pressure ulcer incidence (grades 2–4) was not significantly different between the experimental (6·8%) and control group (6·7%).Conclusion.  Significantly fewer patients need preventive measures when prevention is postponed until non‐blanchable erythema appears and those patients did not develop more pressure ulcers than patients who received prevention based on the standard risk assessment method.Relevance to clinical practice.  Using the appearance of non‐blanchable erythema to allocate preventive measures leads to a considerable reduction of patients in need of prevention without resulting in an increase in pressure ulcers.
Early mobilization of acute stroke patients
Authors: Arias Monica , Smith Lorraine N 
Published: January 2007

Objective.  To examine the early mobilization of acute stroke patients.Design.  Postal survey.Setting.  Thirteen health boards in Scotland.Participants.  Ninety‐nine health professionals of whom 39 were doctors, 39 nurses and 21 physiotherapists.Results.  There was a lack of understanding and agreement across the three professions in terms of what was meant by ‘early mobilization’. Further, the duration, frequency, intensity, risk/benefits and activities associated with early mobilization are undescribed despite clinical guidelines urging its use. Multi‐disciplinary decision making regarding early mobilization was not self‐evident.Conclusions.  (i) An evidence‐base for early mobilization is required along with agreement on what physiological monitoring should be undertaken while early mobilization is on going;(ii) Health professionals need a greater awareness of the evidence linking stroke complications with patient immobilization and in particular in relation to pressure sores, painful shoulder and falls;(iii) The clinical decision to mobilize an acute stroke patient early should be made explicitly within a multi‐disciplinary acute stroke team;(iv) There is an absolute need for further research into early mobilization in terms of intensity, duration, frequency, risks and benefits in relations to types of stroke of early mobilization.Relevance to clinical practice.  Early mobilization in acute stroke care is recommended in a range of European, American and UK policy guidelines as a strategy to minimize or prevent complications. However the evidence‐base to support early mobilization in acute stroke is missing. Health professionals require a research‐based approach in order to deliver safe and effective early mobilization to acute stroke patients.
Custodians’ viewpoints and experiences from their child's visit to an ill or injured nearest being cared for at an adult intensive care unit
Authors: Knutsson Susanne EM , Bergbom Ingegerd L 
Published: January 2007

Aims and objectives.  To describe custodians’ experiences of their child's visit to an ill/injured nearest being cared for at an adult intensive care unit (ICU), their thoughts about the visit in relation to the child's health/well being and who initiated the visit.Background.  Custodians can feel undecided about whether to allow their children to visit the ICU or not. They wonder how important it is for the child to visit, as well as the consequences, and attempt to protect the child from information/experiences that could provoke anxiety or threaten the child's health.Design.  Quantitative and descriptive.Method.  Thirty custodians answered a questionnaire.Results.  It was mainly custodians and their children and not staff who initiated the children's visits. Many children were not informed by staff and the responsibility lay instead with the custodians. The importance of giving children adequate information before, during and after the visit was pointed out. The custodians reported that their child's reactions to the visit differed, i.e. reactions reflecting happiness but also sadness; the visit was good for the child, increased awareness of the nearest's condition and appreciation of the hospital staff and their work; if the visit did not take place the child would be left with thoughts and conjectures; their children were not frightened when they saw the equipment and instead they became curious; older children were more focused on the patient while younger children were interested in both the equipment and the patient. Many children asked questions/made comments during the visit. Many custodians were of the opinion that visiting is not a risk to future health and well being.Conclusions.  This issue must be addressed and discussed and strategies need to be developed to improve the nurses’ obligation to involve visiting children in the care that is/should be provided to a member of the patient's family.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses need to take more initiative when discussing children's visits with the custodians. Nurses also need to discuss how to meet, inform, support and care for visiting children and their custodians in relation to health and well being. Recommendations/guidelines about children visiting that take both the patient's and child's needs into consideration needs to be developed based on scientific knowledge. Findings from this study may draw attention to children visiting ICUs and encourage nurses to discuss children visiting with custodians and to develop family‐centred care at the ICU that includes children.