bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of decabromodiphenyl ether in water samples by single‐drop microextraction and RP‐HPLC
Authors: Li Yanyan , Wei Guohui , Wang Xuedong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a new method using single‐drop microextraction (SDME) and RP‐HPLC for the determination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐209) in water samples. The effects of SDME parameters such as extraction solvent, microdrop volume, extraction time, stirring speed, salt concentration, and sample pH on the extraction performance are investigated. Under optimal extraction conditions (extraction solvent, toluene; solvent drop volume, 3.0 μL; extraction time, 15 min; stirring speed, 600 rpm; no addition of salt and change of sample pH), the calibration curve was drawn by plotting peak area against a series of BDE‐209 concentrations (0.001–1 μg/mL) in aqueous solution; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9998. The limit of detection was 0.7 ng/mL. The enrichment factor was 10.6. The precision of this method was obtained by six successive analyses of a 100 ng/mL standard solution of BDE‐209, and RSD was 4.8%. This method was successfully applied to the extraction of BDE‐209 from tap and East Lake water samples with relative recoveries ranging from 92.5 to 102.8% and from 91.5 to 96.2%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (n = 3) were 4.4 and 2.2%. The proposed method is acceptable for the analysis of BDE‐209 in water samples.
Determination of sulphonamides in animal tissues by high performance liquid chromatography with pre‐column derivatization of 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate
Authors: Zou Qiong‐Hui , Xie Meng‐Xia , Wang Xiang‐Feng , Liu Yuan , Wang Jin , Song Jia , Gao Hui , Han Jie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel approach for simultaneous determination of 12 sulphonamides (sulphadiazine, sulphamethazine, sulphathiazole, sulphadimethoxine, sulphamerazine, sulphapyridine, sulphamethoxazole, suphamethizole, sulphaquinoxaline, sulphameter, sulphamonomethoxine, and sulphachloropyridazine) in animal tissues (swine muscle and liver, chicken muscle, beef muscle) by HPLC with UV detection has been developed. A pre‐column derivatization of the sulphonamide compounds with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC‐Cl) has been proposed and the reaction conditions have been optimized. The FMOC‐sulphonamide derivatives were purified by SPE with silica gel as solid support prior to HPLC separation. The limits of detection for the sulphonamide compounds were greatly improved after the derivatization and purification step for the derivatives. Sulphonamide residues in animal tissues were extracted by acetonitrile and purified by solid phase extraction with C18 as the solid support. The method developed has high sensitivity and good repeatability, and the average recoveries for most of the sulphonamides at various spiking levels were above 70% with relative standard deviations below 13.7%. The limits of detection for most sulphonamides can reach 3–5 μg/kg.
Visitor motivation, satisfaction and behavioural intention: the 2005 Naadam Festival, Ulaanbaatar
Authors: Schofield Peter , Thompson Karen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe study investigates visitor motivation for attending the 2005 Naadam Festival in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It identifies motivation variance on the basis of socio‐demographic variables and examines the factors of significance with regard to visitor satisfaction and intention to revisit the festival. Five motivation dimensions, consistent with those identified in previous research, were identified. The horse riding and wrestling events were the most satisfying aspects of the festival from the visitor perspective, followed by Naadam's uniqueness, the opening ceremony and the authenticity of the festival. Significant differences in motivation dimensions, satisfaction and intention to revisit the festival were found on the basis of visitor origin, gender and age. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ipratropium bromide spray as treatment for sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Thomsen Teri R. , Galpern Wendy R. , Asante Abena , Arenovich Tamara , Fox Susan H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSialorrhea is a significant problem in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Current treatment options include systemic anticholinergics which frequently cause side effects. We hypothesized that sublingual application of ipratropium bromide spray, an anticholinergic agent that does not cross the blood brain barrier, may reduce drooling without systemic side effects. We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in 17 subjects with PD and bothersome drooling. Patients were randomized to receive ipratropium bromide or placebo (one to two sprays, maximum of four times per day) for 2 weeks followed by a 1 week washout and crossover for further 2 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was an objective measure of weight of saliva production. Secondary outcomes were subjective rating of severity and frequency of sialorrhoea using home diaries, United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II salivation subscore, parkinsonian disability using UPDRS, and adverse events. Ipratropium bromide spray had no significant effect on weight of saliva produced. There was a mild effect of treatment on subjective measures of sialorrhea. There were no significant adverse events. Ipratropium bromide spray was well tolerated in subjects with PD. Although it did not affect objective measures of saliva production, further studies in parkinsonism may be warranted. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Withdrawal of visual feedback improves micrographia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ondo William G. , Satija Pankaj 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMicrographia is a common, often presenting feature of Parkinson's disease. We assessed a simple writing paradigm in 40 PD patients “off” medications, 40 different PD patients “on” medications, and 64 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Patients wrote “Today is a nice day” with both eyes open and eyes closed to assess the effects of visual withdrawal (eyes closure). The order (eyes open vs. eyes closed) was alternated. In the “off” medicine group, eye closure increased the writing length by 14.0 ± 10.1% (P < 0.05) from a mean of 69.1 to 77.7 mm [range −14% to +73%]. The percentage increase was larger in the 20 subjects with the smallest baseline writing size (worse micrographia), compared to the 20 with relatively larger writing (19.5% vs. 7.9%, P < 0.05). Neither the “on” medicine group, nor the control group changed. Simple eye closure significantly increased writing size in “off” PD patients to a similar or greater amount as levodopa. This data suggests that micrographia is not a pure motor hypokinetic feature but is affected by PD similar to other superlearned tasks such as walking. Furthermore, some patients have adapted this simple eye closing strategy when writing, especially signatures. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Design of a novel Wilkinson power splitter based on the left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Hu Jun , Xiong Jiang , Ti Ling  , Zou Yongzhuo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe present paper proposes a novel design of a Wilkinson power splitter, which utilizes the nonlinear dispersion characteristic of a left‐handed transmission line (LHTL). The proposed device has been fabricated using the lumped L‐C −λ/4 LHTLs instead of the conventional TLs to implement branch arms. It has effectively improved the bandwidth of return loss and isolation, and reduced the whole size of the device as well. The measured results show good consistent with the simulation results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2975–2977, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22896
A spherical wave expansion model of sequentially rotated phased arrays with arbitrary elements
Authors: Vesterdal Larsen Niels , Olav Breinbjerg  
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn analytical model of sequentially rotated phased arrays with arbitrary antenna elements is presented. It is applied to different arrays and the improvements of axial ratio bandwidth and copolar directivity are investigated. It is compared to a numerical Method of Auxiliary Sources model to ascertain the accuracy and limitations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3148–3154, 2007; Published online in Wiley Inter‐Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22905
CMOS power cell with improved junction breakdown using interdigitated body contact
Authors: Park Changkun , Han Jeonghu , Hong Songcheol 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA power‐cell for RF power applications is designed using 0.35‐μm standard CMOS technology. An interdigitated body contact method is proposed and applied to a RF power‐cell. A total gate width of the designed power‐cell is 3.2 mm. The proposed RF power‐cell has a higher junction breakdown voltage than that of a conventional RF power‐cell. The breakdown voltage of the proposed CMOS power‐cell at zero gate voltage was found to be ∼8 V. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3085–3087, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22908
Cost‐effective metal‐plate shorted dipole antenna with wide bandwidth for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Chou Jui‐Hung , Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA wideband shorted dipole antenna well suited to applications for WLAN/WiMAX dual‐mode operation is presented. The dipole antenna is structured to be of an L shape to fit in corners of possible wireless communications devices. Two radiating arms of the dipole antenna are further short‐circuited, which allows the antenna to be cost‐effectively fabricated by stamping a single metal plate only one time. In addition, by widening the end portion of each radiating arm, much more improved impedance matching across a wide operating bandwidth can easily be achieved. Details of the proposed dipole antenna are described, and experimental and simulation results of a design prototype are elaborated and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3044–3046, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22911
A hybrid MM‐PO method combining UV technique for scattering from two‐dimensional target above a rough surface
Authors: He Si Yuan , Zhu Guo Qiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this article, an efficient hybrid MM‐PO method combining UV technique is applied to calculate the EM scattering from a 2D PEC target above a PEC rough surface. Considering the target as the MM region and the rough surface as the PO region, the current on the rough surface is obtained through the PO approximation, leaving only unknowns on the target region. Furthermore, a UV technique is used to accelerate the coupling interaction between the target and the rough surface. With this hybrid method, large scale target/rough surface scattering problems can be solved more effectively. Using the Monte‐Carlo method to generate the rough surface, the bistatic difference field radar cross‐section of the target above a Pierson‐Morkowitz rough surface is numerically simulated. The results show good agreement when compared with the other methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2957–2960, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22922
Enhanced bandwidth for a coplanar coupled‐line balun design
Authors: Chen Guan‐Yu , Sun Jwo‐Shiun 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis letter presents a practical and simple uniplanar coupled‐line balun with lower profile coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure to enhance the coupled coefficient and balanced output bandwidth for millimeter‐wave operations. The CPW balun with a pair of symmetric quarter wavelength coupled lines is developed to increase at least 150% (1.5 times) bandwidth efficiency with a return loss better than the traditional planar coupled‐line balun. The structure of the designed balun is simple, practical, and easy to fabricate. The measured results show fine agreements with the simulated data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2902–2905, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22926
Novel ultra‐wideband bandpass filter using DUC‐EBG unit cell
Authors: Baik J. W. , Hyun D. H. , Kim G. N. , Kim Y.‐S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) in the whole UWB passband of 3.1–10.6 GHz using a distorted uniplanar compact electromagnetic band‐gap (DUC‐EBG) unit cell is presented. This DUC‐EBG unit cell is acted as a multiple‐mode resonator (MMR). To model the DUC‐EBG unit cell, an equivalent L–C circuit is used to analyze passband characteristics of the proposed filter. Its design is dealt within this letter and the one‐ and three‐stage BPF are implemented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3134–3136, 2007; Published online in Wiley Inter‐Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22931
Phase shift of recovered clock due to group delay ripple in fiber Bragg grating and PMD
Authors: Zhang Dechao , Zhang Xiaoru , Li Xiaolin , Xu Anshi , Wang Ziyu , Zhang Fan , Chen Zhangyuan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe effect of group delay ripple in fiber bragg grating and polarization mode dispersion on the phase shift of recovered clock signal and the sampling time shift is theoretically and experimentally investigated in 42.8 Gbit/s WDM recirculating transmission, which may result in significant BER degradation in high speed transmission. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3066–3068, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22935
Microstrip multiplexer with compact in‐line feed structure
Authors: Saavedra Carlos E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA microstrip multiplexer circuit using a compact in‐line feed structure is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The multiplexer consists of four edge‐coupled microstrip bandpass filters that are independently designed using any filter synthesis technique. The bandpass filters are interconnected in a sequential manner using specific lengths of transmission line that isolate the filters from one another at the center frequency of their passbands. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3128–3130, 2007; Published online in Wiley Inter‐Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22945
Novel reflector‐backed Fresnel zone plate antenna
Authors: Stout‐Grandy S. M. , Petosa A. , Minin I. V. , Minin O. V. , Wight J. S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel reflector‐backed Fresnel zone plate antenna (FZPA) is presented. The reflector is positioned at the aperture of the feed antenna such that the radiation that was reflected back off the metal zones of the FZPA gets reradiated instead of being lost. This structure enhances the directivity of the FZPA by about 1 dB and also improves the sidelobes and aperture efficiency. The other benefit of the structure is that it enables a significant reduction in the volume of the FZPA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3096–3098, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22946
Ammonia gas fiber sensor based on poly‐aniline sensing film coated on superstructure fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Ai Lung , Mau Jiang‐Chiou , Liu Wen‐Fung , Fu Ming‐Yue , Chen Tzu‐Chiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study, we experimentally demonstrated that the concentrations of ammonia (NH3) gas can be detected by a fiber sensor based on the poly‐aniline (PANI) sensing film coated on the surface of an etched superstructure fiber Bragg grating (SFBG). This sensing mechanism is based on the NH3 gas to interact with the PANI‐coating film to cause the film index change and then to result in the Bragg wavelength shift. The sensitivity of this sensor is around 0.073 pm/ppm, which requires to be improved in the future for achieving a simple, reliable, repeatable, and nondestructive chemical‐gas fiber sensor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3063–3066, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22948
Propagation characteristics of H‐plane folded substrate integrated waveguide bends
Authors: Geng Liang , Che Wenquan , Deng Kuan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe H‐plane folded substrate integrated waveguide (FSIW) bend with circular right‐angle in C band and X band are investigated in this article. The design formulas of the folded substrate integrated waveguide are proposed first, followed by the proper design principles of FSIW bends. Comparisons between FSIW bends and SIW bends have been made to demonstrate the validity of the design formulas. In addition, the propagation characteristics between FSIW sections and FSIW bends have been compared also, almost same propagation characteristics can be observed within. However, some fluctuations can be seen from the insertion losses of FSIW bends, implying the occurrence of the higher modes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2977–2981, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22953
New formulation of iterative substructuring methods without Lagrange multipliers: Neumann–Neumann and FETI
Authors: Herrera‐Revilla Ismael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article is devoted to introduce a new approach to iterative substructuring methods that, without recourse to Lagrange multipliers, yields positive definite preconditioned formulations of the Neumann–Neumann and FETI types. To my knowledge, this is the first time that such formulations have been made without resource to Lagrange multipliers. A numerical advantage that is concomitant to such multipliers‐free formulations is the reduction of the degrees of freedom associated with the Lagrange multipliers. Other attractive features are their generality, directness, and simplicity. The general framework of the new approach is rather simple and stems directly from the discretization procedures that are applied; in it, the differential operators act on discontinuous piecewise‐defined functions. Then, the Lagrange multipliers are not required because in such an environment the functions‐discontinuities are not an anomaly that need to be corrected. The resulting algorithms and equations‐systems are also derived with considerable detail. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Analysis of differently expressed proteins and transcripts in gills of Penaeus vannamei after yellow head virus infection
Authors: Rattanarojpong Triwit , Wang Hao‐Ching , Lo Chu‐Fang , Flegel Timothy W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this proteomic analysis of gills from yellow head virus (YHV)‐infected Penaeus vannamei, we identified 13 spots with up‐regulated protein expression levels and five spots with down‐regulated levels. LC‐nanoESI‐MS/MS indicated that the up‐regulated proteins included enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. The other up‐regulated proteins were arginine kinase, imaginal disk growth factor (IDGF) and a Ras‐like GTP binding protein. By contrast, expression levels were reduced for an SCP‐calcium binding protein (SCP), actin‐1, a valosin‐containing protein, and Rab11. Time‐course assays by real time RT‐PCR revealed no significant increase in mRNA level of glycolytic enzymes and arginine kinase. However, a significant decrease in SCP mRNA was observed. The present results are consistent with previously published work and suggest that a decrease in SCP expression may play an important role in the shrimp response to viral infections in general.
Glycomic mapping of pseudomucinous human ovarian cyst glycoproteins: Identification of Lewis and sialyl Lewis glycotopes
Authors: Wu Albert M. , Khoo Kay‐Hooi , Yu Shin‐Yi , Yang Zhangung , Kannagi Reiji , Watkins Winifred M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractExpression of sialyl Lewis x (sLex) and sialyl Lewis a (sLea) on cell‐surface glycoproteins endows cells with the ability to adhere to E‐, P‐, and L‐selectins present on endothelia, platelets, or leukocytes. Special arrangements of these glycotopes in cancers are thought to play a key role in metastasis. Previous studies have mostly described membrane‐bound sLex and sLea activities. In this report, the major O‐glycans of the secreted human ovarian cyst sialoglycoproteins from a Le(a+) nonsecretor individual (human ovarian cyst sample 350) were characterized by MS/MS analyses and immuno‐/lectin‐chemical assays. The results showed that HOC 350 carries a large number of epitopes for sLex, sLea, and Lea reactive antibodies. Advanced MS/MS sequencing coupled with mild periodate oxidation and exoglycosidase digestions further revealed that the O‐glycans from HOC 350 are mostly of core 1 and 2 structures, extended and branched on the 3‐arm with both type I and type II chains, complete with variable degrees of terminal sialylation and/or fucosylation to yield the sLex or sLea epitopes. Thus, the underlying core and peripheral backbone structures are similar to that of a previously proposed composite structural model for nonsialylated human ovarian cysts O‐glycans, but with some notable distinguishing structural features in addition to sialylation.
Comparative proteomes of Corynebacterium glutamicum grown on aromatic compounds revealed novel proteins involved in aromatic degradation and a clear link between aromatic catabolism and gluconeogenesis via fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase
Authors: Qi Su‐Wei , Chaudhry Muhammad Tausif , Zhang Yun , Meng Bo , Huang Yan , Zhao K.‐X. , Poetsch Ansgar , Jiang Cheng‐Ying , Liu Siqi , Liu Shuang‐Jiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe current study examined the aromatic degradation and central metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum by proteomic and molecular methods. Comparative analysis of proteomes from cells grown on gentisate and on glucose revealed that 30% of the proteins of which their abundance changed were involved in aromatic degradation and central carbon metabolism. Similar results were obtained from cells grown on benzoate, 4‐cresol, phenol, and resorcinol. Results from these experiments revealed that (i) enzymes involved in degradation of benzoate, 4‐cresol, gentisate, phenol, and resorcinol were specifically synthesized and (ii) that the abundance of enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycles were significantly changed on various aromatic compounds. Significantly, three novel proteins, NCgl0524, NCgl0525, and NCgl0527, were identified on 4‐cresol. The genes encoding NCgl0525 and NCgl0527 were confirmed to be necessary for assimilation of 4‐cresol with C. glutamicum. The abundance of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (Fbp) was universally increased on all the tested aromatic compounds. This Fbp gene was disrupted and the mutant WTΔfbp lost the ability to grow on aromatic compounds. Genetic complementation by the Fbp gene restored this ability. We concluded that gluconeogenesis is a necessary process for C. glutamicum growing on various aromatic compounds.