bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SwinCell: a transformer-based framework for dense 3D cellular segmentation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Lin Zihan , Wang Liguo , Chu Yong S. , Yang Yang , Xiao Xianghui , Lin Yuewei , Liu Qun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSegmentation of three-dimensional (3D) cellular images is fundamental for studying and understanding cell structure and function. However, 3D cellular segmentation is challenging, particularly for dense cells and tissues. This challenge arises mainly from the complex contextual information within 3D images, anisotropic properties, and the sensitivity to internal cellular structures, which often lead to miss-segmentation. In this work, we introduce SwinCell, a 3D transformer-based framework that leverages Swin-transformer for flow prediction and effectively distinguishes individual cell instances in 3D. We demonstrate the broad utility of the SwinCell in the segmentation of nuclei, colon tissue cells, and dense cultured cells. SwinCell strikes a balance between maintaining detailed local feature recognition and understanding broader contextual information. Tested extensively with both public and in-house 3D cell imaging datasets, SwinCell shows superior performance in segmenting dense cells in 3D, making it a powerful 3D segmentation tool for cellular analysis that could expedite research in cell biology and tissue engineering.
Wax ester synthase overexpression affects stomatal development, water consumption and growth of poplars
Authors: Amirkhosravi Ashkan , Strijkstra Gerrit-Jan , Keyl Alisa , Häffner Felix , Lipka Ulrike , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo , Polle Andrea 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPoplars are important fast-growing biomass crops. Their water-spending lifestyle renders them susceptible to drought and threatens plantations under global climate change with extended periods of water deprivation. The cuticle and stomatal regulation are major traits to protect plants from uncontrolled water loss. Here, we targeted the wax biosynthesis pathway ofPopulusxcanescensby overexpressing jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) wax ester synthase (ScWS) to improve cuticular properties. ScWSexpression caused accumulation of lipid droplets inside the cells, decreased transcript levels of endogenous wax biosynthetic genes, and moderate shifts in surface wax composition but did not affect non-stomatal water loss. During short- and long-term drought scenarios under greenhouse and outdoor conditions, ScWSlines showed decreased stomatal conductance and increased water-use-efficiencies leading to a water-saving phenotype and delayed leaf shedding. This phenotype was caused by a high fraction (80%) of wax-occluded or semi-occluded stomata, and was accompanied by suppression ofOCCLUDED STOMATAL PORE1(OSP1), known to cause abberant wax accumulation at the stomatal ledges as found here. Occluded stomata limited poplar photosynthesis under high but not under low light intensities. Leaf damage and insect scores did not reveal differences compared with wild-type plants. Biomass production of ScWSlines was unaffected in short-term experiments but dropped below that of wild-type poplars at the end of two field seasons, indicating a growth trade-off. In conclusion, our study pinpoints a tight connection between wax biosynthesis and stomatal features and opens a new avenue to improve poplar water consumption by optimizing stomatal ledges with refined biotechnological approaches.
Prediction of effective equivalent linear temperature gradients in bonded concrete overlays of asphalt pavements
Authors: Donnelly Charles A. , Sen Sushobhan , DeSantis John W. , Vandenbossche Julie M. 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe time-varying equivalent linear temperature gradient (ELTG) significantly affects the development of faulting and must therefore be accounted for in pavement design. The same is true for faulting of bonded concrete overlays of asphalt (BCOA) with slabs larger than 3 x 3 m. However, the evaluation of ELTG in Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) BCOA design is highly time-consuming. The use of an effective ELTG (EELTG) is an efficient alternative to calculating ELTG. In this study, a model to quickly evaluate EELTG was developed for faulting in BCOA for panels 3 m or longer in size, whose faulting is sensitive to ELTG.Design/methodology/approachA database of EELTG responses was generated for 144 BCOAs at 169 locations throughout the continental United States, which was used to develop a series of prediction models. Three methods were evaluated: multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). The performance of each method was compared, considering both accuracy and model complexity.FindingsIt was shown that ANNs display the highest accuracy, with an R2 of 0.90 on the validation dataset. MLR and MGGP models achieved R2 of 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. However, these models consisted of far fewer free parameters as compared to the ANNs. The model comparison performed in this study highlights the need for researchers to consider the complexity of models so that their direct implementation is feasible.Originality/valueThis research produced a rapid EELTG prediction model for BCOAs that can be incorporated into the existing faulting model framework.
Information searching in cultural heritage archives: a user study
Authors: Borlund Pia , Pharo Nils , Liu Ying-Hsang 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe PICCH research project contributes to opening a dialogue between cultural heritage archives and users. Hence, the users are identified and their information needs, the search strategies they apply and the search challenges they experience are uncovered.Design/methodology/approachA combination of questionnaires and interviews is used for collection of data. Questionnaire data were collected from users of three different audiovisual archives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two user groups: (1) scholars searching information for research projects and (2) archivists who perform their own scholarly work and search information on behalf of others.FindingsThe questionnaire results show that the archive users mainly have an academic background. Hence, scholars and archivists constitute the target group for in-depth interviews. The interviews reveal that their information needs are multi-faceted and match the information need typology by Ingwersen. The scholars mainly apply collection-specific search strategies but have in common primarily doing keyword searching, which they typically plan in advance. The archivists do less planning owing to their knowledge of the collections. All interviewees demonstrate domain knowledge, archival intelligence and artefactual literacy in their use and mastering of the archives. The search challenges they experience can be characterised as search system complexity challenges, material challenges and metadata challenges.Originality/valueThe paper provides a rare insight into the complexity of the search situation of cultural heritage archives, and the users’ multi-facetted information needs and hence contributes to the dialogue between the archives and the users.
An approach-inhibition model of shared leadership: the effect of vertical leader’s multi-source power
Authors: Song Zhigang , Gu Qinxuan 
Published: April 2024

PurposeDrawing on power approach-inhibition theory, this study develops a conditional indirect effect model to explore how team vertical leader position and expert power indirectly impact members’ shared leadership through vertical leader’s empowering behaviors.Design/methodology/approachMulti-source data was collected using a field survey research design. The final sample includes 944 employees in 164 teams from 14 companies in China.FindingsThis study found that the interaction of team vertical leader position power and expert power was positively related to their empowering behaviors, which in turn were positively associated with shared leadership. Moreover, our post hoc-analysis revealed the moderating effect of team power distance orientation on the relationship between vertical leader empowering behaviors and shared leadership.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on shared leadership literature by examining vertical leader position and expert power as antecedents. We also offer new directions for exploring how power functions by discussing leadership through the lens of power approach-inhibition theory.
A systematic literature review on sustainable HRM and its relations with employees' attitudes: state of art and future research agenda
Authors: Gomes Gabriela Pedro , Coelho Arnaldo , Ribeiro Neuza 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe interest in sustainable human resource management has grown in the last decades. However, comprehensive, and systematic research concentrating on the evolution of this field, is still needed. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and synthesis of the existing body of knowledge on human resource management (HRM) related to sustainability through a bibliometric study of articles published until 2022, identifying the most relevant research in this field. In the literature review, special attention is given to articles that link sustainable HRM to employees’ attitudes, identifying gaps and future research opportunities.Design/methodology/approachA bibliometric analysis and literature review was conducted over 105 documents obtained from the WoS database, using VOSviewer software program, from which 27 were selected for full-text reading. The applied database filters were: document type (article and early access); index (SSCI and SCI-expanded) and year (2019–2022).FindingsThe results show that: sustainable HRM literature is growing, especially after 2019; “Sustainability” is the journal with more publications; and England is the leading country. The network of co-occurrence of keywords analysis unveiled that performance, job satisfaction and behaviors are the most frequently studied topics in HRM.Practical implicationsFor successful adoption of sustainable HRM practices, organizations should engage all staff comprehensively, focusing not only on consistent implementation but also on fostering a supportive organizational climate. This is vital for establishing a sustainable workplace where employees who strongly identify with the organization are less willing to leave it.Originality/valueThrough the Systematic Literature Review carried out on the articles published from 2019 to 2022, it was possible to identify opportunities for future research. These topics include employees' perceptions of the implementation of sustainable HRM practices in companies, as well as the impact of these practices on their attitudes and behaviors, taking into account the various HRM practices.
How has blended learning impacted tourism and hospitality graduates in employability? Feedback from graduates and tourism industry employers
Authors: Guden Nafiya , Safaeimanesh Farzad 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe aim of this empirical research is to define blended learning (BL) in the context of tourism education and discuss its effectiveness in learning and, upon completion, the employability of graduates in due cause.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research consists of 22 in-depth interviews with experts from the tourism industry and graduates. The sampling method was purposive (judgmental), and open-ended questions were asked in order to encourage the interviewee to be expressive and to share their views and opinions on what the impact of the BL program has been.FindingsThe study found that the most significant obstacles were a lack of funding, a lack of cooperation from the local and various levels of government and a lack of knowledge about sustainable tourism product development among local residents.Originality/valueDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the tourism schools and university departments have developed a combination of mixed learning to include online, classroom and sector experience, which can be summarized as BL. This research suggests that BL has provided for a blend of skills and, as a result, employable graduates.
The Position of Khatak in Pashto Dialectology
Authors: Khatak Munazza Saeed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPashto is a major language of the Iranian family with multiple dialects spoken in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In this paper, I examine the phonological inventory of the previously little known Khatak Pashto by a comparison with the well‐known Yusufzai, of the Northeast dialect of the language. I use primary data collected from Karak and Mardan districts of northwest Pakistan. In my analysis, I identify the similarities between these two varieties and the differences, based on at least eleven phonological isoglosses including the feature of vowel nasality, which split the two. I conclude by supporting the case for a distinct Central dialect area to represent the position of Khatak Pashto.
Phenological patterns in ecology: Problems using circular statistics and solutions based on simulations
Authors: Willig Michael R. , Rojas‐Sandoval Julissa , Presley Steven J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Quantification of phenological patterns (e.g. migration, hibernation or reproduction) should involve statistical assessments of non‐uniform temporal patterns. Circular statistics (e.g. Rayleigh test or Hermans‐Rasson test) provide useful approaches for doing so based on the number of individuals that exhibit particular activities during a number of time intervals.

This study used monthly reproductive activity as an example to illustrate problems in applying circular statistics to data when marginal totals characterize experimental designs (e.g. the number of reproductively active individuals per time interval depends on sampling effort or sampling success). We illustrate the nature of this problem by crafting four exemplar data sets and developing a bootstrapping simulation procedure to overcome complications that arise from the existence of marginal totals. In addition, we apply circular statistics and our bootstrapping simulation to empirical data on the reproductive phenology of six species of Neotropical bats from the Amazon.

Because sampling effort or success can differ among time intervals, circular statistics can produce misleading results of two types: those suggesting uniform phenologies when empirical patterns are markedly modal, and those suggesting non‐uniform phenologies when empirical patterns are uniform. The bootstrapping simulation overcomes these limitations: the exemplar phenology in which the percentage of reproductively active individuals is modal is appropriately identified as non‐uniform based on the bootstrapping approach, and the exemplar phenology in which the percentage of reproductively active individuals is invariant is appropriately identified as uniform based on the bootstrapping approach. The reproductive phenology of each of the six empirical examples is non‐uniform based on the bootstrapping approach, and this is true for bats species with unimodal peaks or bimodal peaks.

In addition to problems with marginal totals, a review of analyses of phenological patterns in ecology identified two other frequent issues in the application of circular statistics: sampling bias and pseudoreplication. Each of these issues and potential solutions are also discussed. By providing source code for the execution of the Rayleigh test and Hermans‐Rasson test, along with the code for the bootstrapping simulation, we offer a useful tool for assessing non‐random phenologies when marginal totals characterize experimental designs.
Perioperative urinary ketosis and metabolic acidosis in patients fasted for undergoing gynecologic surgery
Authors: Lim Leerang , Park Sang Joon , Kang Christine , Oh Seung‐Young , Ryu Ho Geol , Lee Hannah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur bodies have adaptive mechanisms to fasting, in which glycogen stored in the liver and muscle protein are broken down, but also lipid mobilisation is triggered. As a result, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream, increasing the production of ketone bodies in liver. However, there are limited studies on the incidence of perioperative urinary ketosis, the intraoperative blood glucose changes and metabolic acidosis after fasting for surgery in non‐diabetic adult patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 1831 patients undergoing gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia from January to December 2022. Ketosis was assessed using a postoperative urine test, while blood glucose levels and acid–base status were collected from intraoperative arterial blood gas analyses.ResultsOf 1535 patients who underwent postoperative urinalysis, 912 (59.4%) patients had ketonuria. Patients with ketonuria were younger, had lower body mass index, and had fewer comorbidities than those without ketonuria. After adjustments, younger age, higher body mass index and surgery starting late afternoon were significant risk factors for postoperative ketonuria. Of the 929 patients assessed with intraoperative arterial blood gas analyses, 29.0% showed metabolic acidosis. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that perioperative ketonuria and prolonged surgery significantly increased the risk for moderate‐to‐severe metabolic acidosis.ConclusionPerioperative urinary ketosis and intraoperative metabolic acidosis are common in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery, even with short‐term preoperative fasting. The risks are notably higher in younger patients with lower body mass index. Optimization of preoperative fasting strategies including implementation of oral carbohydrate loading should be considered for reducing perioperative metabolic derangement due to ketosis.
Improvements from a small‐group multidisciplinary pain self‐management intervention for women living with pelvic pain maintained at 12 months
Authors: Joseph Karen , Mills Jessica 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundA small‐group multidisciplinary pain self‐management program for women living with pelvic pain, with or without endometriosis, was developed to address identified unmet treatment needs. Following completion, over 80% of participants demonstrated clinically significant improvement across a number of domains. There was no clinically significant deterioration on any measure and benefits continued at three months follow‐up.AimsThis study examines patient‐reported outcomes at 12 months following program completion to ascertain maintenance of these improvements.Materials and methodsSelf‐report measures assessed quality of life across the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials domains prior to, at completion and 12 months following participation.ResultsAt 12 months follow‐up, improvement was seen in mean group scores for all baseline measures for 57% of participants who returned valid 12‐month follow‐up data, with clinically significant improvement seen for within‐subject scores for 50% of these participants for pain severity and also for pain‐related activity interference. Improvements were also reported in key predictors of long‐term outcomes, pain self‐efficacy and catastrophic worry, with 92% reporting improvement in each of these two constructs. There were 83% of respondents who reported feeling both improvement in overall sense of wellbeing and improvement in their physical ability compared to before the program.ConclusionsResults suggest that a six‐week multidisciplinary small‐group intervention increases participants' abilities to self‐manage pain and improves quality of life with lasting clinically significant improvements.
AM‐301, a barrier‐forming nasal spray, versus saline spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Becker Sven , Deshmukh Sachin , De Looze Ferdinandus , Francardo Veronica , Lee Jessie , McGirr Anthony , Nathan Zachary , Rook Christopher , Meyer Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRationaleSaline nasal sprays are frequently used in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) for the cleansing and clearing of aeroallergens from the nasal cavity. Also using a drug‐free approach, AM‐301 nasal spray is forming a thin film barrier on the nasal mucosa to prevent contact with allergens, trap them, and facilitate their discharge. A clinical trial compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of AM‐301 and saline spray in SAR.MethodsA total of 100 patients were randomized 1:1 to self‐administer AM‐301 or saline 3 × daily for 2 weeks. Primary efficacy endpoint: reduction in mean daily reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS). Secondary efficacy endpoints: reduction in mean instantaneous TNSS and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), global impression of efficacy. Safety and tolerability: adverse events, relief medication use, symptom‐free days, global impression of tolerability.ResultsAM‐301‐treated patients achieved a significantly lower rTNSS than the saline group (LS square means difference −1.1, 95% CI −1.959 to −0.241, p = .013) with improvement observed across all individual nasal symptoms. Likewise, all secondary endpoints showed statistical significance in favor of AM‐301; for example, quality of life was significantly improved overall (p < .001) as well as for each individual RQLQ domain. Both treatments showed similarly good safety and tolerability. With AM‐301, fewer patients used relief medication and more enjoyed symptom‐free days compared to saline treatment.ConclusionsAM‐301 was more effective than saline in improving SAR nasal symptoms and related quality of life while offering similar tolerability, demonstrating the benefits of a barrier approach.
Egoistic value is positively associated with pro‐environmental attitude and behaviour when the environmental problems are psychologically close
Authors: Lou Xiaobin , Li Liman Man Wai , Ito Kenichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEgoistic value is conceptualized as anti‐environmental in many environmental value theories, yet contradictory evidence exists for its relation with pro‐environmental attitude and behaviour. To provide insights into these inconsistent findings, this research examined the moderating role of the psychological distance of environmental problems on their relationship. Across one cross‐sectional survey study (1008 community participants from the United States) and one World Values Survey study (66,704 nationally representative participants from 46 countries/regions), results converged in showing that psychological distance of environmental problems (i.e. climate change and local pollution) moderated the relationship between egoistic value and pro‐environmental attitude and behaviour. Their association became more positive as that psychological distance got closer. Different patterns were observed for altruistic and biospheric values. These findings highlight the potential pro‐environmental utility of egoistic value and the importance of paying attention to contexts when theorizing its relation with pro‐environmental attitude and behaviour.