bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Oxidation. I. 9,10-Dicyanoanthracene-sensitized Photooxidation of Hindered Phenols
Authors: Futamura Shigeru , Yamazaki Kazuhiro , Ohta Hiroyuki , Kamiya Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
9,10-Dicyanoanthracene (DCA)-sensitized photooxidation reactions of hindered phenols and catechols (1) proceed via the initial electron transfer from 1 to 1DCA*. 4-Hydroperoxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ones and 4-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ones are obtained from 2,4,6-trialkyl-substituted phenols, and an o-benzoquinone and furanone derivatives are afforded from 3,5-di-t-butylcatechol.
The Oxidation of the 2-Methyl Group of 3-Substituted 2-Methylindoles by Autoxidation and with Silver Acetate in Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Itahara Toshio , Ouya Hiroshi , Kozono Kiyotake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The autoxidation of 3-alkyl-2-methylindoles in carboxylic acids, such as propionic acid and acetic acid, at the reflux temperature resulted in the selective oxidation of the 2-methyl group and the formation of 3-alkyl-2-formylindoles. The formation of the 2-formylindoles was dependent on the nature of the solvent used. The treatment of 3-benzoyl-1,2-dimethylindole with silver acetate gave 2-acetoxymethyl-3-benzoyl-1-methylindole and 3-benzoyl-2-formyl-1-methylindole. The mechanistic implications for the autoxidation and the oxidation with silver acetate are presented.
Synthesis of Four Diastereoisomers of Histopine
Authors: Kitajima Yasuo , Waki Michinori , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Four isomers of histopine, N2-(1-carboxyethyl)histidine, were prepared to provide their physicochemical properties. A diastereomeric mixture, (RS),(S)-histopine (N2-[(RS)-1-carboxyethyl]-(S)-histidine), was synthesized from 2-oxopropionic acid and (S)-histidine by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. The mixture was separated into its components, (S),(S)-histopine and (R),(S)-histopine, by an ion-exchange column chromatography. In a similar manner (R),(R)-histopine and (S),(R)-histopine were prepared. Configurations of the four isomers obtained were assumed from their ORD data by comparison with those of the isomers of octopine (N2-(1-carboxyethyl)arginine) with a definite configuration.
Hydrates of Organic Compounds. VI. Heats of Fusion and of Solution of Quaternary Ammonium Halide Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Nakayama Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heat of solution in water of four quaternary ammonium halide clathrate hydrates, R4NX·nH2O (R=n-C4H9, X=F and Cl, n=30; R=i-C5H11, X=F and Cl, n=39), and the heat of dilution of their aqueous solutions were measured calorimetrically. From these results, the heat of fusion of the clathrate hydrate solid (ΔHf) and the heat of solution of it in saturated solutions (ΔHsat) were obtained. The ΔHf was compared with a hypothetical heat of fusion of the same number of moles of ice I as the hydration number of the hydrate. The ΔHsat was about 14 kJ/mol smaller than the ΔHf in the (n-C4H9)4NX hydrates and about 27 kJ/mol smaller in the (i-C5H11)4NX hydrates irrespective of the type of anion. Furthermore, ΔHsat was calculated thermodynamically and it agreed with the calorimetrically obtained value within the experimental error.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Six-coordinate Intermediate-spin Porphinatoiron(III) Complex. (Octaethylporphinato)bis(tetrahydrofuran)iron(III) Perchlorate
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Taga Tooru , Osaki Kenji , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Yoshida Zen-ichi , Ogoshi Hisanobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of (octaethylporphinato)bis(tetrahydrofuran)iron(III) perchlorate was determined by the X-ray method. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m, a=13.916(3) Å, b=16.509(3) Å, c=10.659(5) Å, β=118.18(1)°, and Z=2. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method. The final R value was 0.079 for 597 reflections. The complex has a crystallo-graphically imposed twofold axis and a mirror of symmetry. The porphinato core is planar within 0.06 Å. The iron(III) ion lies at the center of the octahedron formed by the four porphinato nitrogen atoms and the two tetrahydrofuran oxygen atoms. The axial Fe–O distance, 2.187(11) Å, is considerably longer than the reported distances for high-spin porphinatoiron(III) complexes, while the equatorial Fe–N distance, 1.978(12) Å, is comparable to those for low-spin and intermediate-spin porphinatoiron(III) complexes. The Fe–O and Fe–N bond distances are well explained in terms of an intermediate-spin state of the iron(III) ion.
Facile Conversion of Thiosulfinic S-Ester to Sulfinic Ester
Authors: Takata Toshikazu , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thiosulfinic S-testers are readily converted to the corresponding sulfinic eaters in good yields by treating in alcohols with a catalytic amount of I2, Br2, or HCl in the presence of H2O2, replacing sulfenyl groups by alcohols. The mechanism of this reaction is also discussed.
Catalytic Properties of Perovskite-type Mixed Oxides, La1−xSrxCoO3
Authors: Nakamura Teiji , Misono Makoto , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactivity and related properties of oxygen both in the bulk and on the surface has been investigated for perovskite-type mixed oxides (La1−xSrxCoO3), in regard to the effects of Sr2+-substitution and calcination temperature. The reducibility and the readiness of oxygen desorption increased with the Sr2+ content, x, but the re-oxidation became slower with x. These results have been explained on the basis of the change in the chemical potential of lattice oxygen. The diffusivity of oxygen in the bulk and the ability to activate the oxygen molecule also increased with x. Oxygen vacancies in the bulk and on the surface, which tended to increase with x, are likely responsible for these reactions. The release of oxygen from the bulk became more difficult as the calcination temperature increased, in conformity with the trend of the catalytic activity.
Rearrangement of vic-Diol Monoacetates Promoted by Organoaluminium Compounds
Authors: Kanemoto Shigekazu , Morizawa Yoshitomi , Oshima Koichiro , Nozaki Hitosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of pinacol monoacetate with organoaluminium reagent R3Al caused the rearrangement under uptake of R as a nucleophile on the resulting carbonyl carbon, while R2AlSPh produced the pinacolone itself upon workup.
Reinvestigation of the Pd-catalyzed Reaction of Azidoformate with Allylic Ethers
Authors: Migita Toshihiko , Chiba Mitsuo , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Saitoh Nobuhiro , Nakaido Setsuko , Kosugi Masanori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The most effective catalyst for leading reaction between azidoformate and allylic ethers to formation of 1-alkoxy-1-(alkoxycarbonylimino)alkane is PdCl2(PhCN)2; Pd(PPh3)4 can hardly show catalytic activity when pure reactants are employed.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Diaqua(tetraphenylporphinato)cobalt(III) Perchlorate
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Taga Tooru , Osaki Kenji , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Mori Masayasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of diaqua(meso-tetraphenylporphinato)cobalt(III) perchlorate, [CoIII(tpp)(H2O)2]ClO4, has been determined by the X-ray method. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions, a=13.93(4) Å, b=23.46(2) Å, c=17.35(6) Å, and β=129.4(2)°. The Co(III) ion lies on the mean plane of the porphinato core, and is coordinated by the four porphinato nitrogen atoms and the two water oxygen atoms. The average Co–N distance is 1.964(4) Å, and the average Co–O(water) distance is 1.936(5) Å. The porphyrin plane is significantly ruffled and has an approximate S4-\bar4 symmetry. The perchlorate anion is not bound directly to the cobalt(III) ion, and links the two adjacent [CoIII(tpp)(H2O)2]+ cations by the hydrogen bonds with the aqua ligand oxygen atoms.
Cation Interdiffusion in Polycrystalline Fluorite-cubic MgO–ZrO2 Solid Solution
Authors: Sakka Yoshio , Oishi Yasumichi , Ando Ken 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Lattice and grain-boundary interdiffusion coefficients were calculated from the concentration distributions as determined for cation interdiffusion in polycrystalline MgO-stabilized zirconias by applying a grain-boundary enhanced diffusion model. Lattice interdiffusion coefficients in the temperature range of 1650–1990 °C were represented by \ ildeD=5.9×10−4exp [−293(kJ/mol)/RT] cm2/s. Magnesium self-diffusion coefficients were calculated from the obtained interdiffusion coefficients and the reported Zr self-diffusion coefficients. The results confirmed that interdiffusion in the fluorite-cubic solid solution is primarily controlled by the diffusivity of the faster cation.
Fluorometric Determination of Aluminium(III) and Cadmium(II) by Solvent Extraction of the Ternary Complex Composed of Metal Ion, 8-Hydroxy-5-quinolinesulfonic Acid, and Methyltrioctylammonium Ion
Authors: Kondoh Yukihiro , Kataoka Masamitsu , Kambara Tomihito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A fluorometric micro determination of aluminium(III) and cadmium(II) using the formation of metal–8-hydroxy-5-quinolinesulfonic acid–capriquat (methyltrioctylammonium) ternary complex is described. These complexes are easily extracted into chloroform phase and the extract emits a strong fluorescence. Spectra of aluminium(III) and cadmium(II) ternary complexes have the excitation maximum at 396 nm and 400 nm, and emission maximum at 501 nm and 524 nm, respectively. Fluorescence intensity of the aluminium(III) and cadmium(II) ternary complexes extracted into chloroform showed the constant and maximum values in the pH range of aqueous phase from 5.3 to 8.5 and 8.1 to 8.5, respectively. The calibration curves for aluminium(III) and cadmium(II) show good proportionality in the concentration range from 0.5 to 5.0 and 1.0 to 50.0 μg, respectively. The relative standard deviation observed with four measurements was found to be 1.8% for 0.5 μg of aluminium(III) and 1.1% for 10.0 μg of cadmium(II). The effect of diverse ions is studied and a 25-fold amount of Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(II), Fe(III) in weight gave errors, however, the interferences were easily eliminated by the addition of appropriate masking agent. In the determination of cadmium(II), an equal amount of Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) and twice amount of Al(III) gave negative errors, however, the interference of Fe(III) and Al(III) were also eliminated as above.
The Vapor-phase Reaction of Aluminium Trichloride with Oxygen in the Presence of Steam and Properties of the Aluminium Oxide Formed
Authors: Shoji Yuichi , Matsuzaki Ryoko , Saeki Yuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of gaseous AlCl3 with oxygen containing 2–5 vol% H2O in the temperature range of 200 to 1000 °C, and the thermal transitions of the Al2O3 formed under various conditions were examined. At 200 °C, only the reaction of gaseous AlCl3 with H2O occurs, regardless of the H2O content in oxygen. Above about 400 °C, the reactions of gaseous AlCl3 with both H2O and oxygen occur, and all the AlCl3 reacts at 1000 °C. The reaction with H2O mainly occurs below about 900 °C, and the reaction with oxygen mainly occurs at 1000 °C. Regardless of the H2O content in oxygen, the reaction product is amorphous Al2O3 below 600 °C, amorphous Al2O3 containing poorly crystallized γ-Al2O3 at 800 °C, γ-Al2O3 containing amorphous Al2O3 at 900 °C, and a mixture of γ-Al2O3 and δ-Al2O3 at 1000 °C. It was also observed that the Al2O3 formed below 800 °C included a chloride oxide of aluminium. On heating the amorphous Al2O3 formed by the reaction of gaseous AlCl3 with oxygen containing 2–5 vol% H2O, the amorphous \xrightarrowca.700°Cχ\xrightarrowca.800°Cκ\xrightarrowca.1000°Cα transition occurs; on heating the γ-Al2O3 formed, the γ \xrightarrowca.900°Cδ \xrightarrowca.1000°Cθ \xrightarrowca.1000°Cα transition occurs.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of (Acetylacetonato)(diacetylmethyl)(diethylamine)palladium(II)
Authors: Kurokawa Takahiro , Miki Kunio , Tanaka Nobuo , Kasai Nobutami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of [Pd(acac)2(NHEt2)] was determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system: a=14.166(1), b=8.209(1), c=14.764(2) Å, β=100.75(1)°, space group P21/n, with Z=4. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined anisotropically by the least-squares procedure; R=0.067 for 3149 non-zero reflections. The geometry around the Pd atom is square-planar: one of the two (acac) ligands coordinates to the Pd atom by O,O′-chelation, and the other, by σ-bonding of the γ-carbon atom, while the diethylamine occupies the fourth coordination site. A weak intramolecular N–H···O hydrogen bond [2.962(10) Å] is observed.
Stereochemistry of Bis[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)salicylideneaminato]cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Yamanouchi Kuniko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The compounds bis[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)salicylideneaminato]cobalt(II) and analogous species with substituents at the 5-position of the salicyl moiety have been synthesized. They prefer the tetra-coordinate tetrahedral geometry in non-donor solvents, while some of them are forced into planar structures in the solid state. In pyridine, exclusively predominant species are five-coordinate complexes with the base bound with the cobalt(II) ion. Monopyridine adducts, which consist of five-coordinate complexes, have been isolated as crystals.
η3-2,4-Pentanedionato(2–) and Terminal-carbon-bonded β-Diketonato Complexes of Platinum(II)
Authors: Okeya Seichi , Nakamura Yukio , Kawaguchi Shinichi , Hinomoto Tetsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A platinum(II)complex containing a 2,4-pentanedionate dianion as a trihapto ligand [Pt(acac(2–)-C1–C3){P(p-ClC6H4)3}2] was prepared by the reaction of [Pt(acac)2] with tris(p-chlorophenyl)phosphine and reacted with pyridinium perchlorate to afford [Pt(acac-C1)(py){P(p-ClC6H4)3}2](ClO4). A similar terminal-carbon-bonded complex of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionate monoanion with platinum(II) was also derived from [Pt(tfac(2–)C,O)(AsPh3)2] by the reaction with pyridinium perchlorate. These novel platinum(II) complexes were characterized mainly by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Dinuclear Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Anilide Anions as Bridging Ligands
Authors: Okeya Seichi , Yoshimatsu Hisako , Nakamura Yukio , Kawaguchi Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of [Pd(hfac)2] with aniline and its derivatives (L) in benzene at room temperature afforded [Pd(hfac)(hfac-C3)L], [Pd(hfac)L2](hfac), and [PdL4](hfac)2 depending on the reactants mole ratio. On the other hand, the reactions of various [Pd(β-dik)2] complexes with L in refluxing benzene (in most cases) gave rise to the aniline-bridged dinuclear complexes [Pd(β-dik)(L–H)]2, which in turn reacted with primary amines and pyridine (L′) to produce [PdL′2(L–H)]2(β-dik)2.
Selective Dimerization of Aldehydes to Esters Catalyzed by Hydridoruthenium Complexes
Authors: Ito Takashi , Horino Hiroshi , Koshiro Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
RuH2(PPh3)4 and other hydridoruthenium complexes catalyze selective conversion of aldehydes into esters in high yields. The method is applicable to most aliphatic aldehydes as well as to aromatic aldehydes. The purity of aldehydes is critical for achieving high conversions, since the presence of carboxylic acid completely inhibits the reaction and alcohol and triphenylphosphine reduce the yields of esters. RuH2(PPh3)4 is converted into Ru(CO)3(PPh3)2 through the reaction indicating the occurrence of decarbonylation of aldehyde. A mechanism involving the acyl-H cleavage of aldehyde is proposed to account for the catalysis and formation of compounds accompanying the reaction. The mechanism is compared with an alternative one which comprises of consecutive insertions of two aldehyde molecules into Ru–H bond followed by β-hydrogen abstraction from an alkoxo intermediate formed. Addition of water changes the reaction course to give carboxylato carbonyl complexes Ru(OCOR)2(CO)m(PPh3)2 (m=1 and 2). Cross esterification studies showed the reactivity order of RCHO as R=Et&gt;Me&gt;n-Pr&gt;i-Pr&gt;&gt;Ph.
The Photo-induced Radical Rearrangement of 7-Oxocholesteryl Hypoiodite in the Presence of Mercury(II) Oxide and Iodine
Authors: Suginome Hiroshi , Yonebayashi Fumihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
7-Oxocholesteryl hypoiodite in benzene containing mercury(II) oxide and iodine underwent a photo-induced rearrangement to give 5-iodomethyl-A-nor-5ξ-cholestane-3,7-dione and 2-iodo-7-oxo-A-nor-2,3-secocholest-5-en-3-yl formate in low yields, together with cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one without any accompanying 3α,5-epoxy-6-iodo-A-homo-4-oxacholestanes which are common products in the reactions of cholest-5-en-3-ols. The results thus show that the introduction of an oxo group at the C-7 position results in an appreciable change in the products of the reactions of cholest-5-en-3-ols.
Further Studies of the Rate Constant for Chemical Excitation of OH in Shock Waves
Authors: Koike Tohru , Morinaga Kihei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electronically excited OH(2Σ) is formed both by chemical and thermal excitations in the H2-O2 reaction. The OH(2Σ) emission in the partial equilibrium region of the reaction was measured in 1250–3450 K incident shock waves for a mixture, H2/O2/Ar=2/2/96, at starting pressures, 6–30 Torr. The correlation factor between the emission intensity and the concentration of OH(2Σ) was derived in the temperature region above 2800 K where the thermal excitation of OH(2Σ) is dominant. The factor was utilized to estimate the concentration of chemically excited OH(2Σ) and the rate constant of the reaction O+H+M=OH(2Σ)+M was determined as 1013.92±0.17 exp[−(8.3±1.2) kcal/RT)] (cm6 mol−2 s−1).
Highly Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions Mediated by Chromium(II) Reagents
Authors: Hiyama Tamejiro , Okude Yoshitaka , Kimura Keizo , Nozaki Hitosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A low valent chromium reagent is generated from chromium(III) chloride and a half mol of lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran. The reagent behaves similarly to anhydrous chromium(II) chloride, which is commercially available, and reduces allylic halides to produce unisolable allylchromium species which add efficiently to aldehydes or ketones with high degree of stereo- and chemoselectivity. Particularly, high threo selectivity is observed in the reaction of aldehydes and 1-bromo-2-butene and is ascribed to a chair-like six-membered transition state. Simple reduction of allylic and benzylic halides produces biallyls and bibenzyls, while gem-dibromocyclopropanes afford the corresponding allenes in excellent yields.
Stability Constants of Some Chromium(II) Complexes
Authors: Cannon Roderick David , Gholami Mohammad Jan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Equilibria between the binuclear complex Cr2(O2CMe)4 and various chelating ligands have been studied spectrophotometrically in acetate buffer media. Combining the results with previous data on the stability of Cr2(O2CMe)4, we obtain formation constants for mononuclear chromium(II) complexes with the following ligands: malonate, logβ2=6.0±0.2; N-methyliminodiacetate, logβ2=12.3±0.5; ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate, logK1=9.1±0.2; at T=25 °C, I=1.0 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) (NaClO4).
Synthesis of Unsubstituted Thia Crown Ethers via Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Nakatsuji Yohji , Watanabe Yoshitaka , Okahara Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A remarkable temperature dependence of the template effect of alkali metal cations was found in the cyclization of thio analogs of penta- or hexaethylene glycols to thia 15-crown-5 or 18-crown-6. The optimum range of the reaction temperature was found to be 80–100 °C.
Regioselective Preparation of 2- and 3-Nitrodibenzofurans by the Direct Nitration of Dibenzofuran
Authors: Keumi Takashi , Yamada Hideyo , Takahashi Hisakazu , Kitajima Hidehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nitration of dibenzofuran with nitric acid in trifluoroacetic acid gave 3-nitrodibenzofuran selectively under very mild conditions. In contrary, the Friedel-Crafts type nitration using alkyl nitrates and aluminium chloride in nitromethane gave 2-nitrodibenzofuran as the main product.
Bifunctional Oxidation of Ammonia with Metal Oxide–Pt/Al2O3 Mechanical Mixtures
Authors: Kosaki Yukio , Miyamoto Akira , Murakami Yuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Selectivity to N2 in the reaction of NH3 with metal oxides has been markedly increased by the addition of Pt/Al2O3 to the metal oxides, whereas the activity of the metal oxides has not been changed. The metal oxides on their own have oxidized NH3 to NO, NO2, and N2O as well as N2, and furthermore, the selectivities in the reaction with metal oxides have depended markedly on the reaction temperature and inlet concentration of NH3 in the pulse. In the oxidation of NH3 with metal oxide–Pt/Al2O3 mechanical mixtures, N2 has been selectively produced irrespective of the reaction temperature and the inlet concentration of NH3 in the pulse. The activity of the mixtures has been shown, on the other hand, to be the same as that of the metal oxides. All of the experimental data have been explained in terms of the following scheme: In the oxidation of NH3 with metal oxide–Pt/Al2O3 mixtures, NH3 is at first oxidized by metal oxides to form NOx(NO, NO2, and N2O) and N2, then the NOx components is transfered through the gas phase from the metal oxides to Pt particles on Al2O3, and finally the NOx. components react with NH3 on Pt particles to form N2 selectively.
Bis(p-methoxyphenyl) Selenoxide as a Mild and Selective Oxidizing Agent
Authors: Ogura Fumio , Yamaguchi Hachiro , Otsubo Tetsuo , Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compound oxidized thiols to disulfides, sulfides to sulfoxides, hydroquinone or catechol to benzoquinones, and phosphine to phosphine oxide in high yields under very mild conditions. In addition, it functioned as a useful reagent for the syntheses of 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives from thioureas or thioamides.
Mechanochemical Reactions at High Pressures. III. Reactions of Acrylamide–Methacrylamide and Acrylamide–Propionamide Solid Solutions
Authors: Okuri Yasuhiro , Ogo Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanochemical behavior of acrylamide–methacrylamide (AA–MAA) and acrylamide–propionamide (AA–PA) solid solutions was investigated at room temperature and at static pressures of up to 15 kbar. The AA–MAA solid solution was copolymerized under the experimental conditions. On the other hand, the reaction product of AA–PA solid solution was an amorphous homopolymer of polyacrylamide. That is, the mechanochemical reaction of AA–PA solid solution proceeded only in the acrylamide area by a free radical mechanism. The mechanical behavior of both solid solutions was also discussed.