bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Who Are Transferred From Neonatal Intensive Care Units to Level I or II Nurseries
Authors: Lainwala Shabnam , Perritt Rebecca , Poole Kenneth , Vohr Betty ,   for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE. Transfer of clinically stable infants to level I and II nurseries alleviates demands on NICUs and allows better use of beds and resources. This study compared growth, neurodevelopmental impairments, postdischarge rehospitalization and deaths, and compliance for follow-up assessment at 18 to 22 months' corrected age of extremely low birth weight infants who transferred to level I and II nurseries with those who continued to receive care to discharge in a NICU.METHODS. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network was performed. Between January 1998 and June 2002, 4896 infants born with birth weights of 401 to 1000 g and cared for in 19 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers were included. The sample consisted of 4392 survivors who received continuing care in the NICU to discharge home and 504 infants who were transferred to level I and II nurseries before discharge home. Demographics, perinatal characteristics, growth, and neurodevelopmental impairments were compared. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed.RESULTS. Transfer of infants to level I and II nurseries was associated significantly with white race, private insurance, outborn status, and lower neonatal morbidities and compliance for follow-up compared with the NICU group. After adjusting for known covariates, transfer to level I and II nurseries was not associated with neurodevelopmental impairments or death; however, it was associated with increased postdischarge rehospitalization.CONCLUSIONS. Extremely low birth weight infants who are transferred to level I and II nurseries have similar growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes to infants who are discharged from a NICU. They are, however, more likely to be readmitted to the hospital and are less compliant for follow-up. Establishment of consistent guidelines for comprehensive discharge planning for level I and II nurseries may improve follow-up compliance and reduce rehospitalization rates among these infants who are transferred.
Gender differences in emotional and overt/covert aggressive responses to stress
Authors: Verona Edelyn , Reed Americus , Curtin John J. , Pole Michele 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe examined the role of stress exposure on gender differences in hostile (emotional and behavioral) reactions within the context of a laboratory paradigm. Aggressive behavior was indexed via the intensity (overt) and the duration (covert) of putative shocks delivered to a confederate. Half of the participants were exposed to a chronic stressor (high stress) and half were not (low stress). Participants' emotional responses were measured via self‐report mood ratings before and after the experiment. Men displayed higher aggression in both stress conditions, which corresponded to their ratings of state hostility. On the other hand, women in high stress delivered lower intensity shocks, and this decreased overt aggression was positively correlated with sadness ratings. However, women did not decrease their levels of shock duration (covert aggression) under high stress and showed equivalent shock duration compared with men in high stress. These findings are discussed in terms of differential overt manifestations of distress between men and women. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–11, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biopolymer Networks for the Solid‐State Production of Porous Magnetic Beads and Wires
Authors: Bakandritsos A. , Bourlinos A. B. , Tzitzios V. , Boukos N. , Devlin E. , Steriotis T. , Kouvelos V. , Petridis D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are used for the morphosynthesis of spherical and wire‐shaped biopolymer networks, in which Fe3+ cations serve as a crosslinking and hardening agent. Their morphology remains intact upon drying, resulting in monolithic beads (1 mm) and wires (ca. 80 μm), which are exploited as reaction vessels to pre‐encapsulate poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG 400) and cobalt cations. A solid‐state reaction in an inert atmosphere at 600 °C affords porous carbonaceous xerogels, macroscopically shaped as beads or wires and decorated with nanocrystalline magnetic iron oxide, metallic iron, or iron–cobalt alloy particles, thus imparting magnetic properties to the products. As such the reduction of Fe3+ species to α‐Fe nanoparticles can be achieved without H2 treatment, since poly(ethylene glycol) serves as a reducing agent and the encapsulated Co2+ aids in the subsequent growth of the metallic iron particles. Particularly interesting are the magnetic properties of the carbon–α‐Fe composite, in which the size of the magnetic particles, estimated near the boundaries of the single magnetic domain, gives rise to increased coercivity compared with that of bulk iron.
Surface‐Transfer Doping of Organic Semiconductors Using Functionalized Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Chen W. , Gao X. Y. , Qi D. C. , Chen S. , Chen Z. K. , Wee A. T. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractControlling charge doping in organic semiconductors represents one of the key challenges in organic electronics that needs to be solved in order to optimize charge transport in organic devices. Charge transfer or charge separation at the molecule/substrate interface can be used to dope the semiconductor (substrate) surface or the active molecular layers close to the interface, and this process is referred to as surface‐transfer doping. By modifying the Au(111) substrate with self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of aromatic thiols with strong electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl (CF3) functional groups, significant electron transfer from the active organic layers (copper(II) phthalocyanine; CuPc) to the underlying CF3‐SAM near the interface is clearly observed by synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy. The electron transfer at the CuPc/CF3‐SAM interface leads to an electron accumulation layer in CF3‐SAM and a depletion layer in CuPc, thereby achieving p‐type doping of the CuPc layers close to the interface. In contrast, methyl (CH3)‐terminated SAMs do not display significant electron transfer behavior at the CuPc/CH3‐SAM interface, suggesting that these effects can be generalized to other organic‐SAM interfaces. Angular‐dependent near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements reveal that CuPc molecules adopt a standing‐up configuration on both SAMs, suggesting that interface charge transfer has a negligible effect on the molecular orientation of CuPc on various SAMs.
Magnetic and Temperature‐Sensitive Release Gels from Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Binder W. H. , Petraru L. , Roth T. , Groh P. W. , Pálfi V. , Keki S. , Ivan B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSupramolecular gels consisting of trivalent polyisobutylene and bivalent poly(ethylene oxide) are generated. Strong hydrogen bonding interactions, affixed to the end‐group moieties of the respective polymers (binding constant Kassn = 105 M–1), serve as molecular glue, leading to the formation of weak gels. Two different gels were prepared: one, with a short telechelic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment (gel A), and one with a longer PEG segment (number‐average molecular weight Mn = 2000 g mol–1) (gel B). Both gels show a significant increase in viscosity upon mixing of the two polymeric components, with a lag time of several minutes, indicative of nucleation mechanisms as the formation principle. However, only gel A displays classical gel‐like behavior, with a loss modulus G′ larger than the storage modulus G″ after formation. Both gels display microphase‐separated behavior with a spacing between 4–5 nm as probed via small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe2O3; radius r = 3.5 nm) is successfully achieved, generating new magnetic gels with strongly thermoresponsive properties, displaying a strong temperature‐dependent release profile of included dye molecules. Magnetic measurements indicate a superparamagnetic behavior of the incorporated nanoparticles, prospecting the application as magneto‐sensitive delivery gels for pharmaceutical purposes.
Hand preferences on unimanual and bimanual tasks in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Meunier Hélène , Vauclair Jacques 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study examined hand preference in white‐faced capuchins on a unimanual task and on a coordinated bimanual task. For the unimanual task, handedness was assessed by observing simple reaching for small grains. For the bimanual task, tubes lined with chocolate paste inside were presented to the capuchins. The hand and the finger(s) used to remove chocolate paste were recorded. Seven individuals out of eight in the reaching task and 12 out of 13 in the tube task exhibited a hand preference. Moreover, test–retest correlations showed stability in hand use across time for the coordinated bimanual task. We found no significant differences in strength of hand preference between sexes. Finally, as noted in other primate species, the capuchins were more lateralized in the bimanual task compared to the unimanual task. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1064–1069, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of microbial bromate reduction in a hydrogen‐oxidizing, denitrifying biofilm reactor
Authors: Downing Leon S. , Nerenberg Robert 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBromate (BrO) is an oxidized contaminant produced from bromide (Br−) during ozonation and advanced oxidation of drinking water. Previous research shows that denitrifying bioreactors can reduce bromate to innocuous bromide. We studied a hydrogen‐based, denitrifying membrane‐biofilm reactor (MBfR) for bromate reduction, and report the first kinetics for a hydrogen‐based bromate reduction process. A mixed‐culture MBfR reduced up to 1,500 µg/L bromate to below 10 µg/L with a 50‐min hydraulic residence time. Kinetics were determined using short‐term tests on a completely mixed MBfR at steady state with an influent of 5 mg N/L nitrate plus 100 µg/L bromate. Short‐term tests examined the impact of pH, nitrite, nitrate, and bromate on bromate reduction rates in the MBfR. Kinetic parameters for the process were estimated based on the short‐term bromate tests. The qmax for bromate reduction was 0.12 mg BrO·mg·day−1, and the K was 1.2 mg BrO/L. This qmax is 2–3 times higher than reported for heterotrophic enrichments, and the K is the first reported in the literature. Nitrite and nitrate partially inhibited bromate reduction, with nitrite exerting a stronger inhibitory effect. Bromate was self‐inhibitory at concentrations above 15 mg/L, but up to 50 mg/L of bromate had no inhibitory effect on denitrification. The optimum pH was approximately 7. We also examined the performance of an MBfR containing pure culture of the denitrifying bacterium Ralstonia eutropha. Under conditions similar to the mixed‐culture tests, no bromate reduction was detected, showing that not all denitrifying bacteria are active in bromate reduction. Our results suggest the presence of specialized, dissimilatory bromate‐reducing bacteria in the mixed‐culture MBfR. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 543–550. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐objective optimization of an industrial penicillin V bioreactor train using non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm
Authors: Lee Fook Choon , Rangaiah Gade Pandu , Ray Ajay Kumar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBulk of the penicillin produced is used as raw material for semi‐synthetic penicillin (such as amoxicillin and ampicillin) and semi‐synthetic cephalosporins (such as cephalexin and cefadroxil). In the present paper, an industrial penicillin V bioreactor train is optimized for multiple objectives simultaneously. An industrial train, comprising a bank of identical bioreactors, is run semi‐continuously in a synchronous fashion. The fermentation taking place in a bioreactor is modeled using a morphologically structured mechanism. For multi‐objective optimization for two and three objectives, the elitist non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) is chosen. Instead of a single optimum as in the traditional optimization, a wide range of optimal design and operating conditions depicting trade‐offs of key performance indicators such as batch cycle time, yield, profit and penicillin concentration, is successfully obtained. The effects of design and operating variables on the optimal solutions are discussed in detail. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 586–598. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Interpenetrated Supramolecular Networks Supported by N⋅⋅⋅I Halogen Bonding
Authors: Metrangolo Pierangelo , Meyer Franck , Pilati Tullio , Proserpio Davide M. , Resnati Giuseppe 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHalogen bonding (XB) has been used to assemble tetrakis(4‐pyridyl)pentaerythritol (tetradentate XB acceptor) with different α,ω‐diiodoperfluoroalkanes (bidentate XB donors) or tetrakis(4‐iodotetrafluorophenyl)pentaerythritol (tetradentate XB donor). The remarkable linearity of the XB formed, the rodlike character of α,ω‐diiodoperfluoroalkanes and the mutual complementarities of pentaerythritol partners, translate the three‐dimensional character of the XB acceptor into open primary networks, which interpenetrate to avoid the presence of voids and to ensure segregation of the modules. Two‐dimensional (2D) square 44 layers (sql) with fourfold and fivefold interpenetration, as well as an eightfold diamondoid network (dia) of class Ia and a remarkable tenfold dia network of class IIIa, have been obtained.
Intracystic bleomycin therapy for craniopharyngioma in children
Authors: Hukin Juliette , Steinbok Paul , Lafay‐Cousin Lucie , Hendson Glenda , Strother Douglas , Mercier Claude , Samson Yvan , Howes William , Bouffet Eric 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Surgical removal and radiation therapy are associated with significant risk for morbidity in the pediatric population with craniopharyngioma. Intracystic therapies have been utilized in some centers to potentially decrease morbidity associated with cystic craniopharyngioma. The aim of the study was to review the Canadian experience with intracystic bleomycin therapy (ICB).METHODS.All centers in the Canadian Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (CPBTC) were invited to participate in a retrospective review of this treatment. A questionnaire was sent to each center. The data were analyzed at British Columbia's Children's Hospital.RESULTS.In all, 6 of 17 centers utilized ICB and submitted data. A total of 17 of 19 patients with the intention to treat received bleomycin. Twelve were treated at the time of diagnosis, and 5 at the time of recurrence. Five patients achieved a complete response, 6 achieved a partial response, and 5 achieved a minor response to bleomycin. One patient was stable for 2.8 years. At the time of last follow‐up, 8 patients have not required further intervention. Complications included transient symptomatic peritumoral edema (2 patients), precocious puberty (1 patient) and panhypopituitarism (2 patients). The median follow‐up was 4 years (range, 0.5–10.2 years). The median progression‐free survival was 1.8 years (range, 0.3–6.1 years). One patient died of a massive infarct secondary to radiation‐induced moyamoya syndrome.CONCLUSIONS.ICB was found to be well tolerated in this group of children. ICB may be a feasible and effective therapy for certain children with craniopharyngioma. Bleomycin may delay the need for aggressive surgery or radiation therapy for several years. Prospective multiinstitutional clinical trials are required to further evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and dose schedules of this treatment. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Elevated plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 level predicts decreased response and survival in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Lipton Allan , Ali Suhail M. , Leitzel Kim , Demers Laurence , Evans Dean B. , Hamer Peter , Brown‐Shimer Sheryl , Pierce Karen , Carney Walter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) have at least 2 different functions. They inhibit the catalytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases, and they act as growth factors.METHODS.Pretreatment ethylenediamine tetracetic acid plasma TIMP‐1 was assayed from 251 patients who were enrolled in a Phase III, second‐line, hormone therapy trial, and from a control group of 50 healthy, postmenopausal women by using the TIMP‐1 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS.The plasma TIMP‐1 levels from the postmenopausal control group (n = 50 women) were 201 ± 86 ng/mL mean ± standard deviation (range, 49–455 ng/mL). The upper limit of normal was defined as the mean ± 2 standard deviations of the control group (373 ng/mL). Patient pretreatment plasma TIMP‐1 levels ranged from 70 ng/mL to 982 ng/mL. Plasma TIMP‐1 was elevated above the mean + 2 standard deviations of the control group (373 ng/mL) in 19 patients (7.6%). In univariate analysis, patients who had elevated versus normal plasma TIMP‐1 levels had a reduced clinical benefit rate (CBR) (16% vs 42%; P = .03). The time to progression (TTP) (84 days vs 174 days; P < .0001) and overall survival (141 days vs 860 days; P = .0001) also were significantly shorter in patients who had elevated TIMP‐1 levels. TTP and overall survival also were significantly shorter in patients who had higher TIMP‐1 plasma levels when it was analyzed as a continuous variable. In multivariate analysis, elevated plasma TIMP‐1 level remained a prognostic factor for reduced overall survival (P < .0001) along with elevated serum HER‐2/neu (P < .0001) and the presence of visceral metastases (P = .008).CONCLUSIONS.Elevated pretreatment plasma levels of TIMP‐1 predicted a decreased response to second‐line hormone therapy and reduced survival in women with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Distributed communication model in hierarchical Infostation systems
Authors: Tlais M. , Weis F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Infostations system, small and separated islands of coverage, provides intermittent but very high speed data rates. A new communication model is needed to carry this kind of architecture. Mainly, the discontinuous coverage affects the way data are exchanged between mobile terminals and the network. Moreover, the short time the mobile terminal spends in the coverage area has a direct impact on the network performance. Thus, it is essential to avoid bandwidth wasting due to the overall delay by performing mobility prediction. A new mobility prediction protocol called the Distributed Neighbor Discovery Protocol (DNDP) is proposed. DNDP handles a neighbor graph table that dynamically configures itself according to the terminals' mobility. The simulation shows that the terminals service continuity is significantly improved thanks to DNDP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of redundancy on the mean time to failure of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Speer Anh Phan , Chen Ing‐Ray 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn data‐driven wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the system must perform data sensing and retrieval and possibly aggregate data as a response at runtime. As a WSN is often deployed unattended in areas where replacements of failed sensors are difficult, energy conservation is of primary concern. While the use of redundancy is desirable in terms of satisfying user queries to cope with sensor and transmission faults, it may adversely shorten the lifetime of the WSN, as more sensor nodes will have to be used to answer queries, causing the energy of the system to drain quickly. In this paper, we analyze the effect of redundancy on the mean time to failure (MTTF) of a WSN in terms of the number of queries the system is able to answer correctly before it fails due to either sensor/transmission faults or energy depletion. In particular, we analyze the effect of redundancy on the MTTF of cluster‐structured WSNs for energy conservations. We show that a tradeoff exists between redundancy and MTTF. Furthermore, an optimal redundancy level exists such that the MTTF of the system is maximized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OpenUH: an optimizing, portable OpenMP compiler
Authors: Liao Chunhua , Hernandez Oscar , Chapman Barbara , Chen Wenguang , Zheng Weimin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOpenMP has gained wide popularity as an API for parallel programming on shared memory and distributed shared memory platforms. Despite its broad availability, there remains a need for a portable, robust, open source, optimizing OpenMP compiler for C/C++/Fortran 90, especially for teaching and research, for example into its use on new target architectures, such as SMPs with chip multi‐threading, as well as learning how to translate for clusters of SMPs. In this paper, we present our efforts to design and implement such an OpenMP compiler on top of Open64, an open source compiler framework, by extending its existing analysis and optimization and adopting a source‐to‐source translator approach where a native back end is not available. The compilation strategy we have adopted and the corresponding runtime support are described. The OpenMP validation suite is used to determine the correctness of the translation. The compiler's behavior is evaluated using benchmark tests from the EPCC microbenchmarks and the NAS parallel benchmark. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PALF: compiler supports for irregular register files in clustered VLIW DSP processors
Authors: Lin Yung‐Chia , You Yi‐Ping , Lee Jenq‐Kuen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA wide variety of register file architectures—developed for embedded processors—have recently been used with the aim of reducing power dissipation and die size, in contrast with the traditional unified register file structures. This article presents a novel register allocation scheme for a clustered VLIW DSP, which is designed with distinctively banked register files in which port access is highly restricted. Whilst the organization of the register files is designed to decrease power consumption by using fewer port connections, the cluster‐based design makes register access across clusters an additional issue, and the switched‐access nature of the register file demands further investigation into the use of optimizing register assignment as a means of increasing instruction‐level parallelism. We propose a heuristic algorithm, namedping‐pong aware local favorable(PALF) register allocation, to obtain a register allocation that is expected to better utilize irregular register file architectures. The results of experiments performed using a compiler based on the Open Research Compiler (ORC) showed significant performance improvement over the original ORC's approach, which is considered to be an optimized approach for common register file architectures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.