bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buried Tension Sutures: Force‐Tension Comparisons of Pulley, Double Butterfly, Mattress, and Simple Interrupted Suture Patterns
Authors: AUSTIN BRENDA R. , HENDERSON RALPH A. 
Published: January 2006

Objectives—To compare suture patterns (simple interrupted, modified pulley, horizontal mattress, double butterfly) by use of a novel in vitro model that quantifies force required for closure against tension.Study Design—In vitro study.Sample Population—Suture constructs.Methods—An in vitro suturing frame was constructed with extension springs to provide a standard resistance against movement of 2 panels of loops toward each other. Four different suture patterns were applied to the frame in randomized trials. The frame was affixed to a tensiometer that measured the force required for each suture pattern to close a fixed distance (3.81 cm) at a constant rate (5.08 cm/min) against the tension (0.6 kg/cm) of the extension springs. The closure distance and tension were selected subjectively to mimic tension encountered clinically during wound reconstruction oncologic surgical procedures.Results—The modified pulley suture required the least force to close, followed by the double butterfly, simple interrupted, and horizontal mattress patterns.Conclusions—The modified pulley suture and double butterfly suture patterns require less force to close a given distance under tension than either simple interrupted or horizontal mattress suture patterns.Clinical Relevance—Application of tension relieving suture techniques for fascia, subcutaneous, and buried‐knot subdermal suturing should be considered to facilitate direct closure of wounds under tension. Modified pulley and double butterfly suture patterns offer some mechanical advantage by requiring less force to achieve closure compared with other suture patterns that might be used in reconstructive surgery.
A Mechanical Study of Ligature Security of Commercially Available Pre‐Tied Ligatures Versus Hand Tied Ligatures for Use in Equine Laparoscopy
Authors: CARPENTER ELAINE M. , HENDRICKSON DEAN A. , JAMES SUSAN , FRANKE CHAD , FRISBIE DAVID , TROSTLE STEVEN , WILSON DAVID 
Published: January 2006

Objective— To determine a hand‐tied ligature knot configuration, suture size, and suture type that would be an acceptable substitute to commercially available ligature knots for use in equine laparoscopic surgery.Study Design— Three‐factor ANOVA with the fixed effects being suture type, suture size, and knot type. The dependent variable was ligature security (load to failure).Methods— Commercially available Endoloop® and 4 hand‐tied slipknot ligatures were compared with a 4‐layer square knot. The hand tied ligature knots tested were the 4S modified Roeder knot, the Brooks knot, the modified Roeder knot, and the Weston knot. Two suture sizes (0, 2) of each of 2 suture types (polydioxanone, polyglactin 910) were tested with each hand tied knot. Two types (polydioxanone, polyglactin 910) of size 0 Endoloop® were tested. Twenty repetitions of each knot suture type were tested for force to yield on a materials testing machine. Statistical analysis consisted of a 3‐way ANOVA with individual comparisons made using the Bonferroni method. Significance was P≤.05.Results— Only the 4S modified Roeder knot in 2 polydioxanone (103 N) was comparable with the breaking strength of the square knots (157 N). All other knot suture combinations tested were significantly weaker than the square knot (range, 2–18 N).Conclusion— For equine laparoscopy, a 2 polydioxanone 4S modified Roeder knot would be an acceptable alternative to the commercially available Endoloop.®Clinical Relevance— Laparoscopic slip knots are commonly used in equine laparoscopic surgery. Various knot configuration and suture size and type combinations will affect the security of the slip knot.
Vertical Patellar Position in Large‐Breed Dogs with Clinically Normal Stifles and Large‐Breed Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: JOHNSON ALLEN L. , BROADDUS KRISTYN D. , HAUPTMAN JOE G. , MARSH SARAH , MONSERE JAIME , SEPULVEDA GUSTAVO 
Published: January 2006

Objective— To further define vertical patellar position, as measured by the ratio of patellar ligament length to patellar length (L:P), in large‐breed dogs with clinically normal stifles and compare that to the L:P of large‐breed dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL).Study Design— Retrospective study.Sample Population— Large‐breed dogs (n=50) with clinically normal stifle joints and 30 large‐breed dogs with MPL.Methods— Large‐breed dogs with clinically normal stifle joints or MPL were identified and divided into groups (NORM and MPL, respectively). L:P values were determined for each dog by 4 observers from single lateral stifle radiographs. L:P was compared between NORM and MPL groups and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results— All 4 observers found a significantly higher L:P (more proximally positioned patella) for the MPL group compared with the NORM group. Overall mean (±SEM) L:P were: NORM, 1.71±0.020 and MPL, 1.87±0.025. The 95% CI was determined to be 1.45–1.97 for the NORM group and 1.57–2.17 for the MPL group.Conclusions— Large‐breed dogs with MPL had a significantly more proximal vertical patellar position compared with large‐breed dogs with clinically normal stifles. Large‐breed dogs with L:P values >1.97 are considered to have patella alta.Clinical Relevance— Proximal displacement of the patella within the femoral trochlear groove may play a role in MPL in large‐breed dogs.
Evaluation of Hemorrhage, Sample Size, and Collateral Damage for Five Hepatic Biopsy Methods in Dogs
Authors: VASANJEE SUNIL C. , BUBENIK LORETTA J. , HOSGOOD GISELLE , BAUER RUDY 
Published: January 2006

Objectives— To compare the volume of hemorrhage, number of lobules, and portal triads available for histologic evaluation, and resultant collateral damage between 5 hepatic biopsy methods: biopsy punch, biopsy needle, ligature method, laparoscopic biopsy forceps, and ultrasonically activated scalpel (UAS).Study Design— Experimental, repeated measures, block.Animals— Twelve adult dogs.Methods— Biopsies were obtained from the periphery and center of the left lateral liver lobe of each dog using each of 5 biopsy techniques. Hemorrhage was quantified and compared between methods and sites. Biopsy samples were evaluated histologically to characterize collateral damage and determine the number of lobules and portal triads sampled.Results— Regardless of technique, liver biopsy resulted in minimal hemorrhage (<2 mL). For peripheral biopsies, UAS was comparable with the ligature method, but caused significantly less hemorrhage than all other methods, whereas for central biopsies, UAS caused significantly less hemorrhage than other methods. Except for the laparoscopic biopsy forceps, UAS caused significantly more collateral damage than other methods. UAS and ligature biopsy methods yielded specimens that had more portal triads per sample than other methods. Eight of 48 biopsy needle samples were inadequate for histologic evaluation, whereas other methods yielded adequate specimens.Conclusions— All biopsy methods produced minimal hemorrhage and except for needle biopsy yielded adequate tissue samples for histologic evaluation.Clinical Relevance— Use of UAS is a reliable, safe alternative technique for liver biopsy and can be used laparoscopically to obtain large tissue samples.
The Effects of Epidural Deracoxib on the Ground Reaction Forces in an Acute Stifle Synovitis Model
Authors: KARNIK PRITI S. , JOHNSTON SPENCER , WARD DANIEL , BROADSTONE RICHARD , INZANA KAREN 
Published: January 2006

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of epidurally administered deracoxib to mediate the signs of a sodium urate crystal‐induced stifle synovitis in dogs, and to compare the efficacy of epidural versus subcutaneously administered deracoxib.Study Design—Experimental, randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled modified cross‐over design.Animals—Random source, adult, mixed breed dogs (n=24; 14 males, 10 females).Methods—Sodium urate crystals were used to create a stifle synovitis model to evaluate the efficacy of deracoxib. Dogs were divided into 4 groups: 3 mg/kg epidural deracoxib, 1.5 mg/kg epidural deracoxib, 3 mg/kg subcutaneous deracoxib, and a placebo (vehicle for deracoxib). Force plate and subjective evaluations were made at time 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours post‐treatment. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni‐corrected post hoc comparisons was used to determine significant treatment effects.Results—Peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) were both significantly higher in deracoxib treated dogs compared with placebo. For 3 mg/kg epidural and subcutaneous deracoxib, PVF and VI were significantly greater than for 1.5 mg/kg epidural deracoxib. Overall pain score for all deracoxib‐treated dogs was significantly lower than for placebo dogs.Conclusions—Epidural administration of deracoxib is effective at providing analgesia in an acute joint pain model; however, it does not appear to be more effective than systemic administration.Clinical Relevance—Injectable deracoxib is effective in providing analgesia in acute inflammatory conditions of synovial joints.
Clinical outcome of dental implants placed in fibula‐free flaps used for the reconstruction of maxillo‐mandibular defects following ablation for tumors or osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Chiapasco Matteo , Biglioli Federico , Autelitano Luca , Romeo Eugenio , Brusati Roberto 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: (a) To evaluate the clinical outcome of fibula revascularized flaps used for the reconstruction of maxillary and mandibular defects due to resection for tumors or osteoradionecrosis and (b) to evaluate the survival and success rates of implants placed in the reconstructed areas.Material and methods: In a 8‐year period (1995–2002), 59 patients, 38 males and 21 females, aged from 13 years to 69 years (mean age: 48.7 years), presenting with maxillary and mandibular defects due to resection for tumors or osteoradionecrosis, were reconstructed with fibula‐free flaps. Of the 59 patients, 16 received 71 implants for the prosthetic rehabilitation of the reconstructed edentulous areas.Results: Out of 59 fibula‐free flaps, three failed and had to be removed, nine underwent partial necrosis involving the bone segment and/or the skin paddle but survived, while the remaining 47 healed uneventfully. The mean follow‐up of patients after the reconstruction was 55 months (range: 24–120 months). The cumulative survival rate of fibula‐free flaps was 94.9%. The mean follow‐up of the 16 patients treated with dental implants and implant‐supported prostheses was 50.2 months (range: 24–96 months). The cumulative implant success and survival rates of implants were 98.6% and 93.1% respectively.Conclusion: The reconstruction of maxillo‐mandibular defects following ablation for tumors or osteoradionecrosis with fibula‐ free flaps has been demonstrated to be a reliable technique with good long‐term results. Implants placed in the reconstructed areas were demonstrated to integrate normally, with success and survival rates comparable to those obtained in case of implants placed in native bone.
Bird Species Sensitivity in a Fragmented Landscape of the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil1
Authors: Anjos Luiz dos 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTI tested whether terrestrial/understory habits, large body sizes, low tolerance to edge or to matrix habitat, and food/habitat specialization are characteristics of the most vulnerable bird species based on point counts conducted in 14 forest fragments in northern Paraná, southern region of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. In addition, the sensitivity level of each bird species to forest fragmentation in northern Paraná (high, medium, and low) was compared to the Viçosa region, another fragmented landscape of the Atlantic forest. Contrary to expectations, large body size and terrestrial/understory habits were not features clearly related to high sensitivity to forest fragmentation; but species with tolerance to edge did have lower sensitivity. I found also that specialized habitat/food were not good predictors of extinctions; the most specialized guilds, bamboo and vine‐tangle insectivores and trunk and twig insectivores, had a high number of species with low sensitivity. Patterns of sensitivity were compared for 75 bird species that occurred in both northern Paraná and Viçosa; higher incongruence occurred for 14 and 7 species considered as highly sensitive in Viçosa but were of medium or low sensitivity, respectively, in northern Paraná. These differences may occur because sensitivity to habitat fragmentation may vary from the center to the periphery of a species' geographic range. Geographic variation in patterns of sensitivity to forest fragmentation may be important for conservation planning.
Distribution and Flowering Ecology of Bromeliads along Two Climatically Contrasting Elevational Transects in the Bolivian Andes1
Authors: Krömer Thorsten , Kessler Michael , Herzog Sebastian K. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTWe compared the diversity, taxonomic composition, and pollination syndromes of bromeliad assemblages and the diversity and abundance of hummingbirds along two climatically contrasting elevational gradients in Bolivia. Elevational patterns of bromeliad species richness differed noticeably between transects. Along the continuously wet Carrasco transect, species richness peaked at mid‐elevations, whereas at Masicurí most species were found in the hot, semiarid lowlands. Bromeliad assemblages were dominated by large epiphytic tank bromeliads at Carrasco and by small epiphytic, atmospheric tillandsias at Masicurí. In contrast to the epiphytic taxa, terrestrial bromeliads showed similar distributions across both transects. At Carrasco, hummingbird‐pollination was the most common pollination mode, whereas at Masicurí most species were entomophilous. The proportion of ornithophilous species increased with elevation on both transects, whereas entomophily showed the opposite pattern. At Carrasco, the percentage of ornithophilous bromeliad species was significantly correlated with hummingbird abundance but not with hummingbird species richness. Bat‐pollination was linked to humid, tropical conditions in accordance with the high species richness of bats in tropical lowlands. At Carrasco, mixed hummingbird/bat‐pollination was found especially at mid‐elevations, i.e., on the transition between preferential bat‐pollination in the lowlands and preferential hummingbird‐pollination in the highlands. In conclusion, both richness patterns and pollination syndromes of bromeliad assemblages varied in distinct and readily interpretable ways in relation to environmental humidity and temperature, and bromeliad pollination syndromes appear to follow the elevational gradients exhibited by their pollinators.
Comparison Between Two Methods for Measuring Fruit Production in a Tropical Forest1
Authors: Parrado‐Rosselli Angela , Machado Jose‐Luis , Prieto‐López Tatiana 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTWe compared fruiting data derived simultaneously from fruit traps placed on the ground and from canopy‐surveyed plots in a terra firme rain forest, Colombian Amazonia. Values derived from the canopy‐surveyed plots were higher than fruit‐trap estimates. Fruiting patterns obtained throughout both methods were not correlated. Our results showed that the fruit‐trap method does not accurately reflect fruiting patterns occurring at the highest levels of the forest, while the canopy‐surveyed plots provided both quantitative and qualitative information on canopy fruit production, and each species contribution.
Vertically Integrated Flows, Discharge Potential, and the Dupuit‐Forchheimer Approximation
Authors: Strack O.D.L. , Barnes R.J. , Verruijt A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe summarize observations made by various researchers regarding the discharge potential, vertically integrated flows, and the Dupuit‐Forchheimer approximation. If a regional flow model is formulated in terms of the discharge potential and the boundary conditions can be written in terms of the discharge potential and the boundary discharges, then the discharges are correct throughout the model domain, without embracing any additional simplifying assumptions.
Endometriosis-Specific Genes Identified by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Expression Profiling of Endometriosis Versus Autologous Uterine Endometrium
Authors: Hu Wei-Ping , Tay Sun Kuie , Zhao Yi 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Context: The etiology and molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis, a prevalent estrogen-dependent gynecologic disease, are poorly understood.
Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the differentially expressed genes between autologous ectopic and eutopic endometrium.
Design: Subtractive hybridization was used for a genome-wide search for differentially expressed genes between autologous ectopic and eutopic endometrium. Real-time RT-PCR was used for gene expression profiling in the paired tissue samples taken from multiple subjects.
Patients: The paired pelvic endometriosis and uterine endometrium tissue biopsies were procured from 15 patients undergoing laparoscopy or hysterectomy for endometriosis.
Results: Seventy-eight candidate genes were identified from the subtractive cDNA libraries. Seventy-six of these genes were investigated in approximately 8000 real-time PCR for their differential expression in 30 paired tissue biopsies from 15 patients affected by endometriosis. Cluster analysis on gene expression revealed highly consistent profiles in two groups of genes, despite the clinical heterogeneity of the 15 cases. Thirty-four genes specific to early disease point to their potential roles in establishment and evolution of endometriosis. Most interestingly, 14 genes were consistently dysregulated in the paired samples from the majority of the patients. Of these, there were two uncharacterized transcripts and two novel genes, and 10 were matched to known genes: IGFBP5, PIM2, RPL41, PSAP, FBLN1, SIPL, DLX5, HSD11B2, SET, and RHOE.
Conclusions: Dysregulation of 14 genes was found to be overtly associated with endometriosis. Some of these genes, known to participate in estrogen activities and antiapoptosis, may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and may represent potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for endometriosis.
Dexamethasone Stimulation of Retinoic Acid-Induced Sodium Iodide Symporter Expression and Cytotoxicity of 131-I in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Unterholzner S. , Willhauck M. J. , Cengic N. , Schütz M. , Göke B. , Morris J. C. , Spitzweg C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Context: The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates the active iodide uptake in the thyroid gland as well as lactating breast tissue. Recently induction of functional NIS expression was reported in the estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) treatment in vitro and in vivo, which might offer the potential to treat breast cancer with radioiodine.
Objective: In the current study, we examined the effect of dexamethasone (Dex) on atRA-induced NIS expression and therapeutic efficacy of 131-I in MCF-7 cells.
Design: For this purpose, NIS mRNA and protein expression levels in MCF-7 cells were examined by Northern and Western blot analysis after incubation with Dex (10−9 to 10−7m) in the presence of atRA (10−6m) as well as immunostaining using a mouse monoclonal human NIS-specific antibody. In addition, NIS functional activity was measured by iodide uptake and efflux assay, and in vitro cytotoxicity of 131-I was examined by in vitro clonogenic assay.
Results: After incubation with Dex in the presence of atRA, NIS mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells were stimulated up to 11-fold in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas NIS protein levels increased up to 16-fold and iodide accumulation was stimulated up to 3- to 4-fold. Furthermore, iodide efflux was modestly decreased after stimulation with Dex in the presence of atRA. Furthermore, in the in vitro clonogenic assay, selective cytotoxicity of 131-I was significantly increased from approximately 17% in MCF-7 cells treated with atRA alone to 80% in MCF-7 cells treated with Dex in the presence of atRA.
Conclusion: Treatment with Dex in the presence of atRA significantly increases functional NIS expression levels in addition to inhibiting iodide efflux, resulting in an enhanced selective killing effect of 131-I in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Activation of Phospholipase A2 Is Associated with Generation of Placental Lipid Signals and Fetal Obesity
Authors: Varastehpour Ali , Radaelli Tatjana , Minium Judi , Ortega Henar , Herrera Emilio , Catalano Patrick , Hauguel-de Mouzon Sylvie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractContext: Obesity and diabetes during pregnancy are associated with increased insulin resistance and higher neonatal adiposity. In turn, insulin resistance triggers inflammatory pathways with accumulation of placental cytokines.Objective: To determine placental signals that translate into development of excess adipose tissue, we investigated the role of phospholipases A2 (PLA2) as targets of inflammatory mediators.Setting: The study was conducted at Case Western Reserve University, Department of Reproductive Biology.Subjects: Volunteers gave informed written consent in accordance with the Institutional Review Board guidelines. Placenta and cord blood samples were obtained at the time of elective cesarean section in 15 term pregnancies.Intervention: Neonatal anthropometric measurements were performed within 48 h of delivery. Placentas were grouped based on neonatal percentage body fat as obese (body fat ≥ 16%) and lean control (body fat ≤ 8%).Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes were placenta PLA2 expression and fatty acid concentration.Results: Expression of PLA2G2A and PLA2G5, the main placenta phospholipases, was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in placenta of obese compared with control neonates and was associated with increased 20:3 and 20:5 omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. TNF-α and leptin content was increased 3-fold in placenta of obese neonates. TNF-α and leptin both induced a time-dependent activation of PLA2G2 and PLA2G5 in placental cells.Conclusion: Accumulation of omega-3 fatty acids through secretory PLA2 activation is associated with high neonatal adiposity. We propose that the generation of placental lipid mediators through TNF-α and leptin stimulation represents a key mechanism to favor excess fetal fat accretion.