bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tire Non-Uniformities And Steering Wheel Vibrations
Authors: Dorfi H. R. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Steering wheel vibrations are frequently related to non-uniformities of the tire/wheel system. While steering system design is a major factor in the sensitivity of the vehicle, the excitation of steering wheel vibrations is due in general to non-uniformities of the tire/wheel system. However, tire non-uniformities are to some extent unavoidable and result in rolling force variation at the spindle during steady state rolling. Therefore, limiting and managing these non-uniformities is of great economic importance to tire manufacturers.
The present work demonstrates the tire's role in generating non-uniformity induced dynamic force variations due to 1st order geometric imperfections. Both analytical and numerical approaches are studied. Numerical experiments of the effects of non-uniformities are investigated with the physics based tire model FTIRE. The effects of tire resonance on the non-uniformity force amplitudes are demonstrated through modeling and simulation. The model is then verified using experimental data and the distribution of geometric non-uniformities is studied in a large tire sample based on force measurement data and the model fit.
A MSC.ADAMS model of a light truck is combined with non-uniform FTIRE models to study the effect of geometric non-uniformities on steering wheel vibrations. The simulations show that the angular acceleration of the steering wheel around its steer-axis is primarily dependent on force variations in the longitudinal direction (T1H). The effects of phasing, increase in inertia and tire position on the steering wheel vibrations are also discussed.
Computing self‐organisation: environmentally sensitive growth modelling
Authors: Hensel Michael 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe self‐organisation processes underlying the growth of living organisms can provide important lessons for architects. Natural systems display higher‐level integration and functionality evolving from a dynamic feedback relation with a specific host environment. Biologists, biomimetic engineers and computer scientists have begun to tackle research in this field and there is much to learn from their work. Here, Michael Hensel examines the work undertaken by Professor Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and his collaborators at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada,1 outlining its potential application for architectural design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Synthetic) life architectures: ramifications and potentials of a literal biological paradigm for architectural design
Authors: Hensel Michael 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBiology is the science of life. It concerns itself with the living. The long‐proclaimed biological paradigm for architectural design must for this reason go beyond using shallow biological metaphors or a superficial biomorphic formal repertoire. The consequence is a literal understanding of the design product as a synthetic life‐form embedded within dynamic and generative ecological relations. Michael Hensel examines the repercussions of this proposition and surveys current developments in biology and biochemistry with respect to synthetic‐life research, gathering insights into their potential application in architectural design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumental geometry
Authors: Menges Achim 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFor two decades, the individual members of the SmartGeometry Group have pioneered innovative computer‐aided design (cad) techniques and technologies. Now that they are situated in key positions in internationally renowned companies, the group is involved in developing a new generation of parametric design software. Here, Robert Aish (Director of Research at Bentley Systems), Lars Hesselgren (Director of Research and Development, kpf London), J Parrish (Director of ArupSport) and Hugh Whitehead (Project Director of the Specialist Modelling Group, Foster and Partners, London) discuss with Achim Menges the group's instrumental approach to geometry and their unique collaboration spanning the world of practice and software development. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning the Dimensions and Periodicities of Nanostructures Starting from the Same Polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Krishnamoorthy S. , Pugin R. , Brugger J. , Heinzelmann H. , Hinderling C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe controlled tuning of the characteristic dimensions of two‐dimensional arrays of block‐copolymer reverse micelles deposited on silicon surfaces is demonstrated. The polymer used is polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (91 500‐b‐105 000 g mol–1). Reverse micelles of this polymer with different aggregation numbers have been obtained from different solvents. The periodicity of the micellar array can be systematically varied by changing copolymer concentration, spin‐coating speeds, and by using solvent mixtures. The profound influence of humidity on the micellar film structure and the tuning of the film topography through control of humidity are presented. Light scattering, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for characterization. As possible applications, replication of micellar array topography with polydimethylsiloxane and post‐loading of the micelles to form iron oxide nanoparticle arrays are presented.
Shaping Carbon Nanotubes and the Effects on Their Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang M. S. , Peng L.‐M. , Wang J. Y. , Chen Q. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA method is developed and shown to be able to shape a carbon nanotube (CNT) into a desired morphology while maintaining its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Single, freestanding nanotubes are bent by a scanning tunneling microscopy probe, and their morphology is fixed by electron‐beam‐induced deposition (inside a transmission electron microscope) of amorphous carbon on the bent area. It is shown that the mechanical strength of the bent CNT may be greatly enhanced by increasing the amount of carbon glue or the deposition area, and the electrical conduction of the nanotube shows hardly any dependence on the bending deformation or on the deposition of amorphous carbon. Our findings suggest that CNTs might be manipulated and processed as interconnections between electronic devices without much degradation in their electrical conductance, and be used in areas requiring complex morphology, such as nanometer‐scale transport carriers and nanoelectromechanical systems.
Anisotropic Optical Properties of Semitransparent Coatings of Gold Nanocaps
Authors: Liu J. , Cankurtaran B. , Wieczorek L. , Ford M. J. , Cortie M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn ordered array of cap‐shaped gold nanoparticles has been prepared by vapor deposition onto polystyrene nanospheres supported on a glass substrate. The method of fabrication used imparts a significant anisotropy to the geometric and optical properties of the coating. The optical‐absorption properties of these deposits have been measured using UV‐vis spectrometry and simulated using a code based on the discrete dipole approximation. Because the nanocaps are not interconnected, they interact with incident light as individual particles with a plasmon resonance that depends upon wavelength and the polarization vector of the light. The resulting extinction peaks manifest in the upper visible and near‐infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Surprisingly, varying the angle of incidence of the light (for a fixed polarization) has no effect on the optical properties of individual nanocaps. Calculations show that these phenomena may be readily interpreted in terms of dipole resonances excited across the longitudinal, transverse, and short‐transverse directions of the nanocaps. Coatings comprised of arrays of these particles have the potential to serve as angularly and spectrally selective filters.
Quantitative Measurement of the Local Surface Potential of π‐Conjugated Nanostructures: A Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Study
Authors: Liscio A. , Palermo V. , Gentilini D. , Nolde F. , Müllen K. , Samorì P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe describe a systematic study on the influence of different experimental conditions on the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) quantitative determination of the local surface potential (SP) of organic semiconducting nanostructures of perylene‐bis‐dicarboximide (PDI) self‐assembled at surfaces. We focus on the effect of the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the oscillating voltage on the absolute surface potential value of a given PDI nanostructure at a surface. Moreover, we investigate the role played by the KPFM measuring mode employed and the tip–sample distance in the surface potential mapping by lift‐mode KPFM. We define the ideal general conditions to obtain a reproducible quantitative estimation of the SP and we find that by decreasing the tip–sample distance, the area of substrate contributing to the recorded SP in a given location of the surface becomes smaller. This leads to an improvement of the lateral resolution, although a more predominant effect of polarization is observed. Thus, quantitative SP measurements of these nanostructures become less reliable and the SP signal is more unstable. We have also devised a semi‐quantitative theoretical model to simulate the KPFM image by taking into account the interplay of the different work functions of tip and nanostructure as well as the nanostructure polarizability. The good agreement between the model and experimental results demonstrates that it is possible to simulate both the change in local SP at increasing tip–sample distances and the 2D potential images obtained on PDI/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite samples. These results are important as they make it possible to gain a quantitative determination of the local surface potential of π‐conjugated nanostructures; thus, they pave the way towards the optimization of the electronic properties of electroactive nanometer‐scale architectures for organic (nano)electronic applications.
Synthesis, structure and cytotoxic activity of 2‐acetyl‐5‐trimethylsilylthiophene(furan) and their oximes
Authors: Lukevics Edmunds , Ignatovich Luba , Sleiksha Ilze , Muravenko Velta , Shestakova Irina , Belyakov Sergey , Popelis Jury 
Published: June 2006

Abstract5‐Trimethylsilylderivatives of 2‐acetylthiophene and ‐furan have been regioselectively prepared by a one‐pot procedure from the corresponding 2‐acetylfuran or 2‐acetylthiophene using lithium N‐methylpiperazide (LNMP)–butyllithium–trimethylchlorosilane–water as the sequence of reagents. The ketones obtained were converted to the corresponding oximes. The structure of 2‐acetyl‐5‐trimethylsilylthiophene oxime (E‐isomer) has been studied by X‐ray diffraction. Formation of centrosymmetric dimers by means of H‐bonds has been observed. The intermolecular hydrogen bond O9H…N8 length is 2.842(5) Å [H…N8 = 1.87 (6) Å, O9H…N8 = 157(4)°]. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α‐Amino boronates as cyanoborane complexes: crystal structure and inhibition properties for the serine proteases: α‐chymotrypsin and trypsin
Authors: Shibli Amal , Smoum Reem , Goldberg Israel , Rubinstein Abraham , Srebnik Morris 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe first examples of α‐amino boronate complexes stabilized by amino cyanoborane complexation were tested as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, and they showed moderate inhibition. The structure of compound 1 that contains two different boron atoms reveals that the geometry around the boron atom in the cyano group is tetrahedral, whereas a trigonal planar geometry exists around the boron atom attached to two oxygen atoms and a carbon atom. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of an unexpected appendiceal neoplasm
Authors: Murphy E M A , Farquharson S M , Moran B J 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundAppendiceal neoplasms are rare and most present unexpectedly as acute appendicitis. The classification and management are confusing, and there are few substantial reports in the literature.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to access relevant publications on the presentation, pathology and management of appendiceal tumours.ResultsAppendiceal tumours account for 0·4 to 1 per cent of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies and are found in 0·7 to 1·7 per cent of appendicectomy specimens. Carcinoid tumours are most common. Most are cured by simple appendicectomy if the tumour is less than 2 cm in size and does not involve the resection margin or mesoappendix. Epithelial tumours may present with, or in time develop, pseudomyxoma peritonei, the optimal management of which involves complete tumour resection and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, usually available only in specialized centres.ConclusionSuggested algorithms for the management of unexpected appendiceal tumours are provided. Recommendations are made for follow-up of patients with a perforated appendiceal epithelial tumour.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of fibrin sealant to prevent seroma formation after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Carless P A , Henry D A 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe use of fibrin sealant has been proposed as a means of preventing seroma formation following breast cancer surgery. Conflicting trial results require the efficacy of fibrin sealant to be reviewed critically.MethodsA systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to examine the efficacy of fibrin sealants in reducing postoperative drainage and seroma formation after breast cancer surgery. Studies were identified by computer searches of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and manufacturer websites (to June 2005), and bibliographic searches of published articles. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they reported data on postoperative drainage and the number of patients who developed a seroma.ResultsEleven trials met the criteria for inclusion. Generally, the trials were small and of poor methodological quality. Fibrin sealant did not reduce the rate of postoperative seroma (relative risk 1·14, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·88 to 1·46), the volume of drainage (weighted mean difference − 117·7, 95 per cent c.i. − 259·2 to 23·8 ml), or the length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference − 0·38, 95 per cent c.i. − 1·58 to 0·83 days).ConclusionsThe current evidence does not support the use of fibrin sealant in breast cancer surgery to reduce postoperative drainage or seroma formation.
Randomized clinical trial comparing axillary padding with closed suction drainage for the axillary wound after lymphadenectomy for breast cancer
Authors: Classe J-M , Berchery D , Campion L , Pioud R , Dravet F , Robard S 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundAfter axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer, a suction drain is routinely inserted into the axilla to prevent seroma formation. This drain is an obstacle to reducing hospital stay after breast-conserving surgery. This was a prospective randomized clinical trial to assess the safety and results of axillary padding without the use of a drain.MethodsBetween May 2001 and August 2003, 100 women were randomly allocated axillary padding without a drain or with the use of an axillary suction drain. Prospective assessments were made of morbidity, pain, shoulder mobility, quality of life and medical costs including length of hospital stay.ResultsUsing axillary padding significantly reduced the mean (s.d.) length of hospital stay (1·8(1) versus 4·5(2) days, P &lt; 0·001). Postoperative complications, pain, shoulder mobility and quality of life were similar in the two groups. There was no difference in the duration of the two procedures.ConclusionAxillary padding after axillary lymphadenectomy was feasible and safe, without a drain, and shortened hospital stay.
A kaleidoscope as a cyberworld and its animation: linear architecture and modeling based on an incrementally modular abstraction hierarchy
Authors: Kunii Tosiyasu L. , Ohmori Kenji 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn incrementally modular abstraction hierarchy is known to effectively linearize cyberworlds and virtual worlds, which are combinatorially exploding and hardly managed. It climbs down from general level to specific model preserving the higher level modules as invariants. It not only prevents the combinatorial explosion but also benefits the reuse, development, testing and validation of cyberworld resources. By applying this incrementally modular abstraction hierarchy to a kaleidoscope animation, its architecture and modeling is also specified in this paper as a typical case of cyberworlds. In particular, a homotopy lifting property and a homotopy extension property, which satisfy a duality relation, are also described to show how a kaleidoscope world is systematically created top‐down from the whole system and bottom‐up from the components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized motion simplification for crowd animation
Authors: Ahn Junghyun , Oh Seungwoo , Wohn Kwangyun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSimulating a huge number of articulate figures in a real‐time application is one of the challenging research topics in character animation. Several researchers have tried to improve the performance of animation using the image‐based technique such as ‘impostor.’ This method improved the speed of the animation; however, the accuracy, memory, and interactivity problems related to motion remain to be resolved. In this regard, a ‘motion simplification’ framework for an articulate figure is proposed, which not only improves the speed of the animation but also conserves the features of the original motion. First, the motion sequence is analyzed using mean shift clustering for the purpose of extracting key postures and automatically generating the priority of joint reductions. These motion analysis results are directly utilized as the input of the proposed posture optimization. The least square method is applied in order to minimize the error between the original and the simplified posture. Finally, how to apply the proposed simplified motion in a real‐time application without decreasing the visual quality of the scene is shown. The experimental result shows that the proposed motion simplification can be successfully applied in a real‐time animation system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motion synthesis and editing in low‐dimensional spaces
Authors: Shin Hyun Joon , Lee Jehee 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHuman motion is difficult to create and manipulate because of the high dimensionality and spatiotemporal nature of human motion data. Recently, the use of large collections of captured motion data has added increased realism in character animation. In order to make the synthesis and analysis of motion data tractable, we present a low‐dimensional motion space in which high‐dimensional human motion can be effectively visualized, synthesized, edited, parameterized, and interpolated in both spatial and temporal domains. Our system allows users to create and edit the motion of animated characters in several ways: The user can sketch and edit a curve on low‐dimensional motion space, directly manipulate the character's pose in three‐dimensional object space, or specify key poses to create in‐between motions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Key‐styling: learning motion style for real‐time synthesis of 3D animation
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zhou Li‐Zhu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel real‐time motion synthesis approach that can generate 3D character animation with required style. The effectiveness of our approach comes from learning captured 3D human motion as a self‐organizing mixture network (SOMN); of parametric Gaussians.The learned model describes the motion under the control of a vector variable calledstyle variable, and acts as a probabilistic mapping from the low‐dimensional style values to the high‐dimensional 3D poses. We design a pose synthesis algorithm to allow the user to generate poses by specifying new style values. We also propose a novel motion synthesis method, the key‐styling, which accepts a sparse sequence of key style values and interpolates a dense sequence of style values to synthesize an animation. Key‐styling is able to produce animations that are more realistic and natural‐looking than those synthesized with the traditional key‐keyframing technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimodal expression in virtual humans
Authors: de Melo Celso , Paiva Ana 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis work proposes a real‐time virtual human multimodal expression model. Five modalities explore the affordances of the body: deterministic, non‐deterministic, gesticulation, facial, and vocal expression. Deterministic expression is keyframe body animation. Non‐deterministic expression is robotics‐based procedural body animation. Vocal expression is voice synthesis, through Festival, and parameterization, through SABLE. Facial expression is lip‐synch and emotion expression through a parametric muscle‐based face model. Inspired by psycholinguistics, gesticulation expression is unconventional, idiosyncratic, and unconscious hand gestures animation described as sequences of Portuguese Sign Language hand shapes, positions and orientations. Inspired by the arts, one modality goes beyond the body to explore the affordances of the environment and express emotions through camera, lights, and music. To control multimodal expression, this work proposes a high‐level integrated synchronized markup language—expressive markup language. Finally, three studies, involving a total of 197 subjects, evaluated the model in storytelling contexts and produced promising results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
As‐consistent‐As‐possible compositing of virtual objects and video sequences
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Qin Xueying , An Xiaobo , Chen Wei , Bao Hujun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe present an efficient approach that merges the virtual objects into video sequences taken by a freely moving camera in a realistic manner. The composition is visually and geometrically consistent through three main steps. First, a robust camera tracking algorithm based on key frames is proposed, which precisely recovers the focal length with a novel multi‐frame strategy. Next, the concerned 3D models of the real scenes are reconstructed by means of an extended multi‐baseline algorithm. Finally, the virtual objects in the form of 3D models are integrated into the real scenes, with special cares on the interaction consistency including shadow casting, occlusions, and object animation. A variety of experiments have been implemented, which demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating physically based sound models in a multimodal rendering architecture
Authors: Avanzini Federico , Crosato Paolo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a multimodal rendering architecture that integrates physically based sound models with haptic and visual rendering. The proposed sound modeling approach is compared to other existing techniques. An example of implementation of the architecture is presented, that realizes bimodal (auditory and haptic) rendering of contact stiffness. It is shown that the proposed rendering scheme allows tight synchronization of the two modalities, as well as a high degree of interactivity and responsiveness of the sound models to gestures and actions of a user. Finally, an experiment on the relative contributions of haptic and auditory information to bimodal judgments of contact stiffness is presented. Experimental results support the effectiveness of auditory feedback in modulating haptic perception of stiffness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.