bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of a New Bleaching Lacquer for Self-application
Authors: Zantner C. , Derdilopoulou F. , Martus P. , Kielbassa A. M. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARY
Background: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and duration of effectiveness of a new bleaching lacquer for self-application without the use of mouth guards. It compared two different application times. Methods: Forty-six adult subjects who requested bleaching treatment were selected to participate in this randomized, single-blind (examiner-blinded), single center, two-group trial. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n=23 each), each being instructed to bleach (8% carbamide peroxide) their six maxillary anterior teeth for two weeks. Daily contact time in Group 1 was 20 minutes once a day and, in Group 2, the time was 20 minutes twice a day. Efficacy was measured subjectively using the Chromascop Complete shade scores obtained at baseline and after one, two and three weeks, as well as after one, three, six and nine months. Results: After two weeks of treatment, the teeth in the Group 1 subjects exhibited a 2.4 ± 0.2 mean shade scores improvement compared to baseline (p&lt;0.001; t-test for paired samples), and the subjects' teeth in Group 2 exhibited a 3.5 ± 0.1 mean shade scores improvement (p&lt;0.001). However, the difference between both groups was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). The observed effects were stable for six months.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the new bleaching lacquer is efficacious; however, a double application does not seem to be obligatory.
Performance of a Conventional Sealant and a Flowable Composite on Minimally Invasive Prepared Fissures
Authors: Francescut P. , Lussi A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevancePreparation prior to fissure sealing did not enhance the performance of the sealant. However, if caries is suspected and an enameloplasty has to be performed, opening the fissure with a diamond bur and sealing it with a conventional sealer is recommended.
Surface Geometry of Four Nanofiller and One Hybrid Composite After One-step and Multiple-step Polishing
Authors: Jung M. , Eichelberger K. , Klimek J. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Two of the four nanocomposites were significantly smoother, while the remaining two had a surface quality similar to that of a hybrid composite. In all cases, a three-step polishing system was more efficient than a two-step or one-step procedure on all composites.
Restoration of Erosion Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Caused by Anorexia Nervosa Using Ceramic Laminate Veneers: A Case Report
Authors: Hayashi M. , Shimizu K. , Takeshige F. , Ebisu S. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Ceramic laminate veneers are useful to restore incisors suffering from severe erosion.
In Vitro Inhibition of Bacterial Growth Using Different Dental Adhesive Systems
Authors: Walter R. , Duarte W. R. , Pereira P. N. R. , Heymann H. O. , Swift E. J. , Arnold R. R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
All materials tested, especially iBond, have a potential long-term antibacterial effect against the oral bacteria tested.
Clinical Evaluation of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Microhardness and Shear Bond Strength of Human Enamel
Authors: Metz M. J. , Cochran M. A. , Matis B. A. , Gonzalez C. , Platt J. A. , Lund M. R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The clinical use of whitening chemicals should provide patients with some degree of certainty that there are no detrimental effects over time. Loss of surface hardness and polymerization inhibition are areas of concern in the literature and need clinical validation for both the practitioner and patient.
Factors Associated with Microleakage in Class II Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Idriss S. , Abduljabbar T. , Habib C. , Omar R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Even though marginal gap size was not shown to be a direct predictor for the extent of microleakage in resin composite restorations, both material and placement technique appear to be important determinants in microleakage and, thus, probably in clinical outcomes.
Effects of New Formulas of Bleaching Gel and Fluoride Application on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Costa J. Bda , Mazur R. F. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The results of this study suggest that tooth bleaching may lead to a reduction in enamel micro-hardness. Nonetheless, the application of a high concentration fluoride post-bleaching treatment may increase enamel microhardness and may restore enamel hardness to a level similar to non-bleached enamel, if the bleaching formula contains fluoride, potassium or ACP.
Effects of Filling Techniques on the Regional Bond Strength to Lateral Walls in Class I Cavities
Authors: Félix S. A. , González-López S. , Mauricio P. D. , Aguilar-Mendoza J. A. , Bolaños-Carmona M. V. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Using either total-etch or self-etch adhesives, the incremental technique is the optimal method to insert resin-based composites in large Class I cavities.
Clinical Effectiveness of Two Microabrasion Materials for the Removal of Enamel Fluorosis Stains
Authors: Loguercio A. D. , Correia L. D. , Zago C. , Tagliari D. , Neumann E. , Gomes O. M. M. , Barbieri D. B. , Reis A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
PREMA and Opalustre are effective, conservative methods for improving the appearance of fluorosis-affected teeth; however, faster results can be obtained with Opalustre. The results of this study show that the majority of subjects reported being satisfied after microabrasion treatment.
Influence of Thermal Cycling on Dentin Bond Strengths of Single-step Self-etch Adhesive Systems
Authors: Asaka Y. , Amano S. , Rikuta A. , Kurokawa H. , Miyazaki M. , Platt J. A. , Moore B. K. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Some of the bonding systems used in this study have achieved unchanged dentin bond strengths after thermal cycling. Therefore, by choosing appropriate adhesive systems, the simplified clinical procedures offered by single-step self-etch systems can be exploited even after thermal cycle stress.
Composite Depth of Cure Obtained with QTH and LED Units Assessed by Microhardness and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Santos G. B. , Medeiros I. S. , Fellows C. E. , Muench A. , Braga R. R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Lower depth of cure with the LED unit, compared to the QTH unit, is associated with different light scattering due to differences in spectral emission.
Shear Bond Strength of Two Resin Cements to Human Root Dentin Using Three Dentin Bonding Agents
Authors: Gogos C. , Stavrianos C. , Kolokouris I. , Economides N. , Papadoyannis I. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The application of 15% EDTA solution was shown to be an alternative to the commonly used 37% phosphoric acid in the bonding procedures of resin cements. The self-etching adhesive tested was found to improve bond strength more than one-bottle adhesives.
The Effect of Energy Application Sequence on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Different C-factor Cavity Preparations
Authors: Maghaireh G. , Bouschlicher M. R. , Qian F. , Armstrong S. R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Light curing of resin composites in high C-factor cavity preparations using a high irradiance energy application sequence may lead to decreased bond strength. However, the high irradiance energy application sequence did not result in lower bond strengths in lower C-factor cavity preparations.
Effect of Curing Mode on Microtensile Bond Strength to Dentin of Two Dual-cured Adhesive Systems in Combination with Resin Luting Cements for Indirect Restorations
Authors: Arrais C. A. G. , Giannini M. , Rueggeberg F. A. , Pashley D. H. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The separate step of light curing the adhesive resin component of some fourth and fifth generation dual-cured adhesive systems may be eliminated prior to cementation of an indirect resin composite restoration without deterioration in microtensile bond strength.
10-year Clinical Evaluation of a Self-etching Adhesive System
Authors: Akimoto N. , Takamizu M. , Momoi Y. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
This 10-year clinical evaluation of a self-etching adhesive system showed only slight marginal change of some restorations; however, these changes were not severe. Consequently, these clinical conditions did not require replacement, since no recurrent caries were present. Clinically, these data demonstrate that this self-etching adhesive system is acceptable for placement of a long-term adhesive restoration in human teeth.
Bond Strengths of All-Ceramics: Acid vs Laser Etching
Authors: Gökçe B. , Özpinar B. , Dündar M. , Çömlekoglu E. , Sen B. H. , Güngör M. A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
For surface modification of the inner surfaces of ceramic restorations, the etching pattern obtained by dental lasers could be an alternative to conventional acid etching.
Postoperative Sensitivity: A Comparison of Two Bonding Agents
Authors: Browning W. D. , Blalock J. S. , Callan R. S. , Brackett W. W. , Schull G. F. , Davenport M. B. , Brackett M. G. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Postoperative sensitivity to cold is a common problem that negatively impacts the patient's dental experience. For this group of participants and over this relatively short period, bonded composite restorations placed in a manner and timeframe consistent with those generally used in private-practice were seen to be less sensitive to cold than they were preoperatively.
Clinical Performance and Wear Resistance of Two Compomers in Posterior Occlusal Restorations of Permanent Teeth: Six-Year Follow-up
Authors: Lund R. G. , Sehn F. P. , Piva E. , Detoni D. , Moura F. R. R. , Cardoso P. E. C. , Demarco F. F. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The restoration quality has decreased and the wear increased for two compomers placed in the occlusal surface of permanent posterior teeth after six years; however, the restorations were clinically acceptable at the end of the evaluation.
Visualization of Marginal Integrity of Resin-Enamel Interface by Holographic Interferometry
Authors: Panduric V. , Demoli N. , Tarle Z. , Šariri K. , Mandic V. N. , Knezevic A. , Šutalo J. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Holographic interferometry offers precise insight into both the frequency and location of cohesive fractures through its fringe information. If flowable composites are not used as a first layer, fringe distribution indicates cohesive fractures as a consequence of composite polymerization.
Surface Texture of Four Nanofilled and One Hybrid Composite After Finishing
Authors: Jung M. , Sehr K. , Klimek J. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Compared to a hybrid composite, with one exception, nanocomposites were significantly smoother after finishing with rigid rotary instruments and after using Sof-Lex discs. Using a 30 μm diamond caused detrimental surface alteration on nanofiller and hybrid composites.
A Study of Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations Using Four Different Curing Techniques
Authors: Gharizadeh N. , Moradi K. , Haghighizadeh M. H. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
For bonded direct Class II restorations, the use of transparent matrices or metal matrices combined with light conducting instruments, such as light tips, should be favored because marginal leakage is significantly lower when compared to using metal matrices alone.
The Influence of One-step Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Nanocomposites
Authors: Korkmaz Y. , Ozel E. , Attar N. , Aksoy G. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevanceOne-step polishing systems exhibited similar or better surface roughness values when compared to multi-step polishing systems. In all groups, mylar-strip created surfaces showed lower microhardness values than polished surfaces. Different polishing procedures did not effect the microhardness of nanocomposites. One-step polishing systems may be a good choice for polishing nanocomposites, resulting in reduced chair time.
The Effect of Curing Units and Staining Solutions on the Color Stability of Resin Composites
Authors: Yazici A. R. , Çelik Ç , Dayangaç B. , Özgünaltay G. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The color stability of resin composites did not vary based on the type of light curing unit. The effect of staining solutions on color changes in resin composites was resin composite and immersion time-dependent.
Adhesion to Er:YAG Laser-prepared Dentin After Long-term Water Storage and Thermocycling
Authors: Amaral F. L. B. , Colucci V. , Souza-Gabriel A. E. , Chinelatti M. A. , Palma-Dibb R. G. , Corona S. A. M. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Simulation of thermal stress and long-term degradation presented in the oral environment adversely affected the adhesion of an etch & rinse adhesive system to Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentin.
Effect of Pre-heating Resin Composite on Restoration Microleakage
Authors: Wagner W. C. , Aksu M. N. , Neme A. L. , Linger J. B. , Pink F. E. , Walker S. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The results of this study indicate that preheating composites can improve adaptation of resin composites to tooth structure. This technique significantly reduced microleakage. However, delaying light curing of the preheated composite after placement appears to be counterproductive and diminishes the positive effects from the preheating treatment. Flowable liner was less effective than preheating the composite in reducing microleakage.
Microleakage in Overflared Root Canals Restored with Different Fiber Reinforced Dowels
Authors: Erkut S. , Gulsahi K. , Caglar A. , Imirzalioglu P. , Karbhari V. M. , Ozmen I. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Based on the in vitro results of this study, restoration of a tooth with an overflared root canal, using individually shaped polyethylene reinforced dowels, may help to reduce microleakage.
On the interaction of ductile damage and materials softening of a Ni-base alloy during hot deformation
Authors: Rüf Guntram , Sommitsch Christof , Buchmayr Bruno 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Macro- and micromechanically motivated damage models have been validated in the critical temperature range of 900 °C – 1000 °C with respect to their applicability and precision in fracture prediction using a commercial finite element code and by the means of an experimental database. The evaluation of the experimental and the calculated fracture strains corresponding to an averaged critical damage value shows major deviation for all models except the model of effective stresses based on the work of Lemaitre. The results have been improved further for 1000 °C either by using a microstructure model to consider dynamic recrystallization or the coupling of the flow stress and the damage parameter calculation.
Electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed that cracks always started at grain boundaries but with the onset of dynamic recrystallization at higher temperatures crack growth also seems to take place within recrystallized grains.
Relaxation of semiconductor nanostructures using molecular dynamics with analytic bond order potentials*
Authors: Scheerschmidt Kurt , Kuhlmann Volker 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations using empirical potentials have been performed to describe atomic interactions during the relaxation of nanostructures. To include the quantum mechanical nature of atomic bonding a tight-binding based bond order potential is developed applying analytically the first six moments. The bond order potential is improved using new on-site and -terms of the local density of states. The applicability of the bond order potential and resulting enhancements in structural predictions are analyzed recalculating quantum dot relaxations and interface defects arising during bonding of two wafers with twist rotation misalignment. The most important property proposed by the extended bond order potential is an increased stiffness of the bonds which give modifications of local atomic arrangements near defects.
Examination of phase transformations in the system Fe–N–C by means of nitrocarburising reactions and secondary annealing experiments; the α + ∊ two-phase equilibrium
Authors: Nikolussi Marc , Leineweber Andreas , Bischoff Ewald , Jan Mittemeijer Eric 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The until now controversially discussed existence of the two-phase equilibrium α-Fe + ∊-Fe3(N, C)1+x in the ternary system Fe – N – C was proven by the investigation (optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Electron Backscatter Diffraction) of compound-layer microstructures generated by gaseous nitrocarburising of pure iron and subsequent secondary annealing experiments under static inert-gas atmosphere. The invariant transition reaction γ-Fe4N + Fe3C → α-Fe + ∊-Fe3(N, C)1+x could be shown to proceed at a (single) temperature (at constant pressure of 1 atm) between 833 K and 843 K.
On the evolution of secondary hardening carbides in a high-speed steel characterised by APFIM and SANS
Authors: Leitner Harald , Clemens Helmut , Akre Johann , Danoix Frederic , Staron Peter 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Secondary hardening carbides in high-speed steels are very important microstructural constituents, responsible for the excellent properties of this type of steel. Therefore, detailed knowledge about their precipitation behaviour with respect to type, size and chemical composition is of paramount interest. Atom probe field ion microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering have emerged to be important techniques for the characterisation of nanometre-sized precipitates, such as secondary hardening carbides. In this paper, the precipitation behaviour of the high-speed steel HS6-5-2 with the nominal composition (in wt.%) Fe-0.9C-4.1Cr-6.4W-5Mo-1.8V was investigated. Differently tempered specimens were analysed to determine size, volume fraction and chemical composition of the secondary hardening carbides using a three-dimensional tomographic atom probe and small-angle neutron scattering. The results obtained from both techniques were compared with emphasis on the chemical composition of the precipitates.
Mechanisms of elastodynamic erosion of electron-beam thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Zisis Athanasios , Fleck Norman A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe elastodynamic response of a columnar thermal barrier coating to normal impact by a spherical particle is explored using an explicit finite element method. The transient stress state involves a tensile component at the edge of each column, and this may lead to erosion. The contact problem can be simplified to the impact of a single column by an inclined wedge. The peak tensile stress is determined as a function of geometry of column and level of friction between wedge and columns. The initiation of a crack from a pre-existing flaw within the column is explored. The implications of the various calculations are discussed for erosion of thermal barrier coatings.
Directed assembly of fluidic networks by buckle delamination of films on patterned substrates
Authors: Moon Myoung-Woon , Chung Seok , Lee Kwang-Ryeol , Oh Kyu Hwan , Stone Howard A. , Hutchinson John W. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A method to create networks of intricate fluidic channels formed from metals and ceramics is proposed and demonstrated. The method exploits buckle delamination of a thin compressed film bonded to a substrate. A low adhesion layer coinciding with the desired layout of the channel network is laid down prior to deposition of the film. Once triggered, the buckle delamination propagates along the low adhesion pathways driven by release of the elastic energy stored in the film, assembling the entire channel network without external intervention. Strips, tapered strips and a selection of grids are demonstrated for diamond-like carbon films bonded to Si substrates with gold providing low adhesion. Control of the film thickness (15 to 260) and the width of the low adhesion regions (200 to microns) enables the cross-sectional area of the channel to be defined precisely with height determined by the buckle amplitude (40 to 500). The channel network has been integrated with a microfluidic interface formed from polydimethylsiloxane. Pressure-driven flow of two miscible streams shows convectively enhanced mixing in these nanoscale buckled channels.
Crystal chemistry of interfaces formed between two different non-metallic, inorganic structures
Authors: Andeen David , Lange F. F. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Epitaxial relations are often described by the mismatch of lattice parameters between the two materials. When the structures forming the epitaxial interface are dissimilar, the lattice mismatch is often less meaningful because of the different geometrical arrangement of atoms in the two structures. In a previous paper, it was shown that two rules of crystal chemistry, widely known as Pauling's rules, namely cation/anion coordination and charge balance, could be applied to understand the epitaxy of (0001) ZnO (wurtzite) on (111) MgAl2O4 (spinel) substrates. It was then shown that the same rules could be applied to predict and confirm the epitaxy of (101) SiO2 (cristobalite) on (0001) Al2O3 (sapphire). Here, the same rules are applied to explain the epitaxy of four other dissimilar structures that have been previously published by others, including SrTiO3 on Ni c(2 × 2) S, TiO2 (anatase) on LaAlO3, TiO2 (rutile) on r-plane Al2O3, and Zr1−x
(Y
x
)O2 on (0001) Al2O3.
Internal stresses and phase stability in multiphase environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Faber K. T. , Weyant C. M. , Harder Bryan , Almer Jonathan , Lee Kang 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The use of silicon-based ceramics in power generation applications is limited by recession of the passivating SiO2 when it reacts with water-vapor to form a volatile hydroxide. Environmental barrier coatings are used to prevent diffusion of reactive species to the structural ceramic substrate. Often these barriers are multilayered and/or multiphase to provide optimal thermal expansion match, microstructural stability, as well as low diffusivities. High energy X-rays are used to assess internal stress as well as phase content and stability in two coating systems: alloyed Ta2O5 for Si3N4 and strontium-aluminosilicates for SiC/SiC. In particular, the role of phase transitions and precipitation on the coating internal stresses is evaluated along with their ramifications for coating lifetime.
Reactions in the sintering of MgAl2O4 spinel doped with LiF
Authors: Reimanis Ivar E. , Kleebe Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Reactions between MgAl2O4 and LiF during low-temperature sintering have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the presence of LiF at elevated temperatures leads to the formation of a defect MgAl2O4 spinel phase containing oxygen vacancies due to the incorporation of both Li and F ions into the crystal lattice. Consequently, densification is promoted via the diffusion of oxygen vacancies. Note that neither of the lithium aluminate phases, LiAlO2 and Li2Al4O7, were detected.