bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New 21‐ and 24‐atom Aib‐containing cyclopeptides
Authors: Jeremic Tatjana , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of two Aib‐containing cyclic octapeptides, cyclo(Leu‐Aib‐Phe‐Aib‐Gly‐Aib‐Phe‐Aib) (1) and cyclo(Gly‐Aib‐Aib‐Val‐Aib‐Leu‐Aib‐Phe) (2), and a cyclic heptapeptide cyclo(Gly‐Aib‐Val‐Aib‐Leu‐Aib‐Phe) (3), is described. The linear precursors of 1–3 were prepared using solution‐phase techniques, and the cyclisation was also accomplished in solution. Among the coupling reagents examined in the final macrolactamisation step, PyAOP, HATU and DEPC/DEPBT efficiently yielded cyclised products. However, the success of the cyclisation was found to be dependent on the coupling reagent used. The two octapeptides 1 and 2 were obtained in much better yields (up to 63%) than the cycloheptapeptide 3 (30–37%). In addition, crystal‐state conformational analysis of 2 was performed by X‐ray crystallography. Six intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilise the structure characterised by two consecutive type II′/I β‐turns, two consecutive type II/III′ β‐turns, one γ‐turn, and one inverse γ‐turn. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pentapeptides containing two dehydrophenylalanine residues ‐ synthesis, structural studies and evaluation of their activity towards cathepsin C
Authors: Latajka R. , Jewginski M. , Makowski M. , Pawełczak M. , Huber T. , Sewald N. , Kafarski P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSynthesis, structural and biological studies of pentapeptides containing two ΔPhe residues (Z and E isomers) in position 2 and 4 in peptide chain were performed. All the investigated peptides adopted bent conformation and majority of them could exist as two different conformers in solution. Only pentapeptides, containing free N‐termini appeared to act as weak inhibitors of cathepsin C with the slow‐binding, competitive mechanism of inhibition, free acids being bound slightly better than their methyl esters. Results of molecular modeling suggested significant difference between peptides, depending of the type of amino acid residue in position 5 in peptide chain. Dehydropeptides containing Gly residue in this position may act as competitive slow‐reacting substrates and therefore exhibit inhibitory‐like properties. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiulcerogenic effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera) extract in rats
Authors: Nneli R. O. , Woyike O. A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA warm water crude extract of coconut milk and a coconut water dispersion were investigated for their antiulcerogenic effects in male Wistar albino rats. Ulcers were induced in the male rats by subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (40 mg/kg) using standard procedures. The ulcer inhibition rate (UIR) was taken as a measure of the cytoprotection offered by test substances. Coconut milk (2 mL daily oral feeding) produced a stronger percentage (54%) reduction in the mean ulcer area than coconut water (39%). The effect of coconut milk was similar to the effect of sucralfate that reduced the mean ulcer area by 56% in this study. Sucralfate is a conventional cytoprotective agent. The results showed that coconut milk and water via macroscopic observation had protective effects on the ulcerated gastric mucosa. It is concluded that coconut milk offered stronger protection on indomethacin‐induced ulceration than coconut water in rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory activity of methanol extract isolated from stem bark of Magnolia kobus
Authors: Kang Jong Soon , Lee Ki Hoon , Han Mi Hwa , Lee Hyunju , Ahn Ji‐Mi , Han Sang‐Bae , Han Gyoonhee , Lee Kiho , Park Song‐Kyu , Kim Hwan Mook 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present study reports the antiinflammatory activity of a methanol extract isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia kobus (MK). MK potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage‐like cell line. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was also suppressed in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells although the magnitude of inhibition was weaker than that of nitric oxide and IL‐1β. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL‐1β and TNF‐α were also suppressed by MK in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that LPS‐induced DNA binding of AP‐1 and phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) were inhibited by MK treatment in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase was unaffected. Moreover, topical application of MK suppressed ear swelling in 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced skin inflammation model. Collectively, these results suggest that MK exerts antiinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and this might be mediated, at least in part, by blocking AP‐1 and JNK activation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ameliorating effect of balloon flower saponin on the ethanol‐induced memory impairment in mice
Authors: Choi Yeon Hee , Kim Young Sup , Yeo Su Jeong , Roh Seong Hwan , Jeong Young Chul , Kang Jong Seong , Ryu Shi Yong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe ameliorating effect of the root extract of Platycodon grandiflorum (Campanulaceae) on ethanol‐induced cognitive dysfunction in mice was investigated. The mice with repeated administration of the root extract of P. grandiflorum, crude saponin fraction and platycoside E, a main ingredient of crude saponin fraction, showed a markedly prolonged step‐through latency period (STL) on the passive avoidance task performed after acute ethanol intoxication, respectively. The present results suggest that the memory enhancing effect of the extract was ascribed mainly to the saponin fraction and that saponin of P. grandiflorum, particularly platycoside E could exert a beneficial effect on memory impairment in mice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial averaging of ensemble‐based background‐error variances
Authors: Raynaud Laure , Berre Loïk , Desroziers Gérald 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIt is common to compute background‐error variances from an ensemble of forecasts, in order to calculate either climatological or flow‐dependent estimates. However, the finite size of the ensemble induces a sampling noise, which degrades the accuracy of the variance estimation. An idealized 1D framework is firstly considered, to show that the spatial structure of sampling noise is relatively small‐scale, and is closely related to the background‐error correlations.This motivates investigations on local spatial averaging, which is here applied to ensemble‐based variance fields in this 1D context. It is shown that a spatial averaging, manually optimized, helps to significantly reduce the sampling noise. This provides estimates which are as accurate as those derived from a much bigger ensemble. The dependencies of this optimization on the error correlation length‐scale and on the heterogeneity of the variance and length‐scale fields are also illustrated. These results are next confirmed in a more realistic 2D problem, by considering the current operational version of the Arpège background‐error covariance matrix.Finally, the possibility to objectively and automatically optimize the filtering is explored. The idea is to apply the usual linear estimation theory and to use signal/noise ratios in order to calculate an optimal filter. The efficiency of this objective filtering is illustrated in the idealized 1D framework. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
The impact of deformation strain on the formation of banded clouds in idealized modelling experiments
Authors: Gray S. L. , Dacre H. F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractExperiments are performed using an idealized version of an operational forecast model to determine the impact on banded frontal clouds of the strength of deformational forcing, low‐level baroclinicity, and model representation of convection. Line convection is initiated along the front, and slantwise bands extend from the top of the line‐convection elements into the cold air. This banding is attributed primarily to ΔM adjustment. The cross‐frontal spreading of the cold pool generated by the line convection leads to further triggering of upright convection in the cold air that feeds into these slantwise bands. Secondary low‐level bands form later in the simulations; these are attributed to the release of conditional symmetric instability. Enhanced deformation strain leads to earlier onset of convection and more coherent line convection. A stronger cold pool is generated, but its speed is reduced relative to that seen in experiments with weaker deformational strain, because of inhibition by the strain field. Enhanced low‐level baroclinicity leads to the generation of more inertial instability by line convection (for a given capping height of convection), and consequently greater strength of the slantwise circulations formed by ΔM adjustment. These conclusions are based on experiments without a convective‐parametrization scheme. Experiments using the standard or a modified scheme for this model demonstrate known problems with the use of this scheme at the awkward 4 km grid length used in these simulations. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Atmospheric turbulence component of the innovation covariance
Authors: Frehlich Rod 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe innovation covariance is derived for general atmospheric turbulence conditions and for climatologies of upper‐level turbulence based on aircraft data. Error is defined in terms of the effective spatial filter of the forecast model to produce a consistent definition of measurement error and model error. Calculations of the atmospheric turbulence component (observation sampling‐error covariance) are performed for rawinsonde data and various forecast model resolutions. Significant contributions from the atmospheric turbulence field are produced, especially for the older forecast models. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Fuzzy approach to dependability performance evaluation
Authors: Ivezić Dejan , Tanasijević Miloš , Ignjatović Dragan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a model for dependability performance evaluation by fuzzy sets utilization. Basic dependability indicators (reliability, maintainability and maintenance support) are used for the analysis of technical systems' conditions from the aspects of design, construction, maintenance and logistics. These indicators as well as associated dependability expressions itself are described by linguistic variables, which are characterized by a membership function to the defined classes. The proposed model is primarily appropriate for introduction, analysis and synthesis of information related to quality of systems in operation. Such data are often available only as experts' judgment and estimations. A practical engineering example (mechanical system at bucket wheel excavator) has been presented to demonstrate the proposed dependability analysis and synthesis model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biorthogonal method of moments of coupled‐cluster equations: Alternative derivation, further considerations, and application to a model magnetic system
Authors: Piecuch Piotr , Gour Jeffrey R. , Włoch Marta 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe energy expansion defining the biorthogonal method of moments of coupled‐cluster equations (MMCC) [Piecuch and Włoch, J Chem Phys, 2005, 123, 224105 and Piecuch et al., Chem Phys Lett 2006, 418, 467], which leads to the size extensive completely renormalized (CR) coupled‐cluster (CC) approach with singles, doubles, and noniterative triples employing the left eigenstates of the similarity‐transformed Hamiltonian, termed CR‐CC(2,3), is overviewed and rederived. The rederivation of the biorthogonal MMCC expansion presented in this work is based on a direct resummation and subsequent elimination of the many‐body components of the exponential wave operator of CC theory that appear at individual moment contributions in the original MMCC energy expansion [Kowalski and Piecuch, J Chem Phys, 2000, 113, 18; Kowalski and Piecuch, J Chem Phys 2001, 115, 2966], enabling one to understand why the CR‐CC(2,3) method using the biorthogonal MMCC theory is more accurate than the earlier CR‐CCSD(T) approach. The superiority of the CR‐CC(2,3) method over the CR‐CCSD(T) and other previously developed single‐reference CC methods with a noniterative treatment of triply excited clusters, including the widely used CCSD(T) approach and the triples corrections defining the CCSD(2) schemes, is illustrated by examining the singlet–triplet gap of the (HFH)− magnetic system in which two paramagnetic centers are linked via a polarizable diamagnetic bridge. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Microfluidics‐based electrospray ionization enhances the intrasource separation of lipid classes and extends identification of individual molecular species through multi‐dimensional mass spectrometry: development of an automated high‐throughput platform for shotgun lipidomics
Authors: Han Xianlin , Yang Kui , Gross Richard W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHerein, we exploit the use of microfluidics and optimized Taylor cones for improved intrasource separation/selective ionization of lipid classes during electrospray ionization. Increased differential ionization of multiple phospholipid classes was achieved through microfluidics with chip‐based ionization resulting in substantial enhancement of intrasource separation/selective ionization of phospholipid classes in comparison to the conventional ion source. For example, using myocardial lipid extracts, 3‐fold improvements in intrasource separation/selective ionization of myocardial phospholipid classes were routinely realized in the negative‐ion mode in the absence of LiOH or other basic modifiers in the infused sample solutions. Importantly, the relative ratios of ions corresponding to individual molecular species in each lipid class to a selected internal standard from myocardial extracts were nearly identical between the chip‐based interface and the syringe‐pump‐driven capillary interface. Therefore, quantitation of individual lipid molecular species directly from biological extracts through comparisons with internal standards in each lipid class was readily accomplished with an accuracy and dynamic range nearly identical to those documented using the well‐established direct syringe‐pump‐driven capillary interface. Collectively, the use of microfluidics and robotic sample handling substantially enhances intrasource separation of lipids in comparison to routine capillary interfaces and greatly facilitates the use of multi‐dimensional mass spectrometry using shotgun lipidomics, thereby providing an automated and high‐throughput platform for global analyses of cellular lipidomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Letzigrundstadion in Zürich
Authors: Galmarini Carlo , Schollmayer Martin , Mensinger Martin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIm August 2007 wurde nach einer Rekordbauzeit von ca. 1 1/2 Jahren das Letzigrundstadion in Zürich fertiggestellt. Eine der großen Veranstaltungen, die in diesem Stadion stattfinden werden, ist die Fußballeuropameisterschaft Euro 08. Allerdings ist das Letzigrund kein reines Fußball‐ sondern ein Mehrzweckstadion, in dem auch das jährliche Leichtathletikmeeting “Weltklasse Zürich” und Konzerte stattfinden werden. Anders als viele Stadionneubauten wurde es nicht außerhalb der Stadt, sondern mitten in einer Wohngegend gebaut. Eine Intention des Architekten war es deshalb, das Stadion sehr offen zu gestalten, was auch sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Ingenieure bei der Umsetzung der Dachkonstruktion stellte.
Ingenieurmodell zum ungewöhnlichen Tragverhalten einzelliger Rechteckkästen mit linear veränderlicher Bauhöhe unter Torsionsbeanspruchung
Authors: Unterweger Harald 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEinzellige prismatische Kastenträger erhalten aus Torsionsbeanspruchung, wenn im Krafteinleitungsbereich Queraussteifungen vorliegen, nahezu nur eine reine Schubbeanspruchung. Weist der Kastenträger hingegen eine linear veränderliche Bauhöhe auf, ergeben sich deutliche nderungen im Schubbeanspruchungsverlauf, und es treten zusätzliche hohe Wölbnormalspannungen auf. Letztere sind nicht vernachlässigbar, da sie zum Gleichgewicht beitragen und nicht durch Plastizieren – wie beim prismatischen Kasten – abgebaut werden können. Dieses Tragverhalten führt auch zu deutlich größeren Verformungen bzw. Stabverdrehungen, da sich nun auch Querschnittsverformungen einstellen.Nachfolgend wird das ungewöhnliche Tragverhalten anhand von Einzelbeispielen kurz dargestellt. Den Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags bildet die Vorstellung eines Ingenieurmodells, das es gestattet, Größe und Verlauf der hohen Wölbnormalspannungen und Schubspannungen (in Längsrichtung und entlang der Querschnittswandungen) anhand aufbereiteter Formeln zutreffend zu ermitteln. Dabei wird auch der zweiachsige Spannungszustand im Bereich der Querschnittskante mit erfasst. Darüber hinaus werden auch Formeln angegeben, um die Stabverdrehungen und die Verwölbungen an den Trägerenden abzuschätzen. Die Treffsicherheit dieser ingenieurmäßigen Näherungen wurde anhand von umfangreichen FE‐Berechnungen überprüft und kalibriert.
Tragfähigkeit fehlerhafter Schweißnähte
Authors: Hölbling Wolfram , Saal Helmut 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAktuelle Bemessungsregeln für Schweißnähte gelten nur dann, wenn die Nähte gemäß den Anforderungen in den zugehörigen Ausführungsregeln hergestellt werden. Alle Ausführungsregeln schließen bestimmte Nahtungänzen wie Bindefehler auch bei vorwiegend ruhender Beanspruchung aus.Die im Stahlbau verarbeiteten maximalen Erzeugnisdicken haben in jüngerer Zeit beträchtlich zugenommen. Das Schweißnahtvolumen und somit die Arbeitskosten für das Schweißen nehmen mit zunehmender Erzeugnisdicke etwa quadratisch zu. Wenn immer es rechnerisch möglich ist, reduzieren die Fertigungsbetriebe deshalb das Nahtvolumen durch teilweise anstatt voll durchgeschweißte Nähte und durch möglichst kleine Nahtöffnungswinkel. Insbesondere bei großen Erzeugnisdicken sind wegen der schlechten Zugänglichkeit der Nahtwurzel Bindefehler nicht sicher auszuschließen. Der Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit von Nähten mit Bindefehlern kann bisher nicht erbracht werden.Zur Beseitigung dieses Hindernisses werden experimentelle, numerische und bruchmechanische Untersuchungen durchgeführt, die den Einfluss von Ungänzen auf die Nahttragfähigkeit für unterschiedliche Nahtausführungen zeigen.
Decreasing the cost of mutation testing with second‐order mutants
Authors: Polo Macario , Piattini Mario , García‐Rodríguez Ignacio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough powerful, mutation is a computationally very expensive testing technique. In fact, its three main stages (mutant generation, mutant execution and result analysis) require many resources to be successfully accomplished. Thus, researchers have made important efforts to reduce its costs. This paper represents an additional effort in this sense. It describes the results of two experiments in which, by means of combining the original set of mutants and therefore obtaining a new set of mutants—each one with two faults—the number of mutants used is reduced to half. Results lead to believe that mutant combination does not decrease the quality of the test suite, whereas it supposes important savings in mutant execution and result analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural coverage criteria for LUSTRE/SCADEprograms
Authors: Lakehal Abdesselam , Parissis Ioannis 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLUSTREis a data‐flow synchronous language, on which is based the SCADEtool‐suite, widely used for specifying and programming critical reactive applications in the areas of avionics, energy or transport. Therefore, testing LUSTREprograms, that is, generating test data and assessing the achieved test coverage, is a major issue. Usual control‐flow‐based test coverage criteria (statement coverage, branch coverage, etc.) are not relevant for LUSTREprograms. In this paper, a new hierarchy of adequacy criteria tailored to the LUSTRElanguage is presented. These criteria are defined on operator networks, which are usual models for LUSTREprograms. The criteria satisfaction measure is automated in LUSTRUCTU, a non‐intrusive tool (no instrumentation of the code), based on the symbolic computation of path activation conditions. The applicability and the relevance of the criteria are assessed on a case study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain in childbirth and postpartum recovery – The role of catastrophizing
Authors: Flink Ida K. , Mroczek Magdalena Z. , Sullivan Michael J.L. , Linton Steven J. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis prospective study investigated how pain catastrophizing was related to labor pain intensity and physical recovery after childbirth. Eighty‐eight women giving birth for the first time completed the first questionnaire before delivery. Eighty‐two of those returned the second questionnaire after delivery. Participants were classified as catastrophizers (n=38) or non‐catastrophizers (n=44) based on their scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Comparison of the groups showed that catastrophizers anticipated and experienced more intense pain (p<.0125) and had poorer physical recovery (p<.0125), measured as the level of self‐reported functioning in activities of daily living, than non‐catastrophizers. These results extend the association between catastrophizing and pain, to pain and recovery in childbirth and provide support for the fear‐avoidance model. It is concluded that pain catastrophizing plays a role in the experience of pain in childbirth and postpartum recovery. Further research is needed to identify appropriate interventions for catastrophizing women during the latter part of pregnancy.
A study of neuropsychological deficit in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Shin Min-Sup , Choi Hyunjung , Kim Hana , Hwang Jun-Won , Kim Boong-Nyun , Cho Soo-Churl 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the neuropsychological deficits in children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Furthermore, the focus of present study was to explore whether OCD children show the same executive dysfunction as adult OCD patients. The participants consisted of 106 children between the ages of 6 and 16 years who visited the department of child-adolescent psychiatry, Seoul National University Children's Hospital (17 OCD, 25 ADHD, 21 tic disorder, 20 depressive disorder, and 23 healthy children). The OCD children showed higher verbal ability compared to other psychiatric groups, but performed the worst on WISC-R subtests assessing perceptual organization ability under time pressure. The OCD children did not show any significant deficits in verbal intellectual function, memory, attention and concentration abilities. However, similar to the ADHD children, the OCD children had significantly more errors and completed fewer categories on the WCST compared to the healthy group. Through neuropsychological tests, the OCD children showed cognitive strength and weakness similar to those of OCD adults that were reported in previous research. Specifically, they had executive function deficits in mental set shifting, supporting the frontal-striatal dysfunction hypothesis of OCD in children as well as in adults.
Thymosin β4 is involved in stabilin‐2‐mediated apoptotic cell engulfment
Authors: Lee Sung-Jin , So In-Seop , Park Seung-Yoon , Kim In-San 
Published: June 2008

MINT‐6542321, MINT‐6542357:

Stab2-c (uniprotkb:Q8WWQ8) physically interacts (MI:0218) with tb4 (uniprotkb:P20065) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6542368:

Stab2-c (uniprotkb:Q8WWQ8) physically interacts (MI:0218) with tb4 (uniprotkb:P20065) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐6542300:

Stab2-c (uniprotkb:Q8WWQ8) physically interacts (MI:0218) with tb4 (uniprotkb:P62328) by two hybrid (MI:0018)