bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of workplace mobility on air pollution exposure inequality—a case study in the Central Belt of Scotland
Authors: Liška Tomáš , Heal Mathew R , Lin Chun , Vieno Massimo , Carnell Edward J , Tomlinson Samuel J , Loh Miranda , Reis Stefan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A large number of epidemiological studies have identified air pollution as a major risk to human health. Exposures to the pollutants PM2.5, NO2 and O3 cause cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cancer and premature mortality. Whilst previous studies have reported demographic inequalities in exposure, with the most deprived and susceptible often being disproportionately exposed to the highest pollutant concentrations, the vast majority of these studies have quantified exposure based only on individuals’ place of residence. Here we use anonymised personal data from UK Census 2011, and hourly modelled air pollution concentrations at 0.8 km × 1.4 km spatial resolution in the Central Belt of Scotland, to investigate how inclusion of time spent at place of work or study affects demographic inequalities in exposure. We split the population by sex, ethnic group, age and socio-economic status. Exposure gradients are observed across all demographic characteristics. Air pollution exposures of males are more affected by workplace exposures than females. The White ethnic group has the lowest exposures to NO2 and PM2.5, and highest to O3. Exposures to NO2 and PM2.5 tend to peak between the ages of 21 and 30, but those aged 31–50 tend to be most impacted by the inclusion of time spent at workplace in the exposure assessment. People in the two least deprived deciles consistently have the lowest residential-only and combined residential-workplace exposure to NO2 and PM2.5, but experience the highest increase in exposure when including workplace. Overall, including workplace exposure results in relatively small change in median exposure but attenuates some of the exposure inequalities associated with ethnicity and socioeconomic status observed in exposure assessments based only on place of residence.
Agroecological innovation to scale livestock agriculture for positive economic, environmental, and social outcomes
Authors: Gratton Claudio , Strauser John , Jordan Nicholas , Jackson Randall D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Livestock agriculture must change to meet demand for food production while building soil, reducing flooding, retaining nutrients, enhancing biodiversity, and supporting thriving communities. Technological innovations, including those in digital and precision agriculture, are unlikely by themselves to create the magnitude and directionality of transformation of livestock production systems that are needed. We begin by comparing technological, ecological and social innovations in feedlot-finished and pasture-finished cattle production and propose that what is required is a more integrative ‘agroecological innovation’ process that intentionally weaves these three forms of innovation to transition livestock agriculture to be genuinely regenerative and multifunctional. This integrated system emphasizes social innovations as essential components of the innovation system because of their capacity to address and influence the social context into which technological and ecological innovations occur. In particular, regional place-making can be especially useful as an interactive process of designing regional identities as people engage with one another and their environments to define landscape futures and the related social standards that normalize particular land management practices. Intentionally developing innovations can help communities engage in relational place-making processes to define desired outcomes for agricultural landscapes and develop ways to collaborate towards achieving them, including the creation of novel supply chains that support regenerative livestock systems. As social norms evolve through place-making they influence individual behaviors and agricultural practices on the ground and offer a pathway for more rapid scaling of regenerative practices in livestock agriculture. Regional place-making also can influence the ‘meta’ context of agricultural systems by engaging with public and private institutions responsible for management of natural resources, food systems, and the public good, further accelerating the scaling process. Emerging agroecological innovation systems for livestock agriculture must be designed and governed in ways that ensure responsible and diverse outcomes compatible with their social and ecological contexts, and with management approaches and technologies consistent with the values and goals of communities in a region.
Women and Employment
Authors: Milner Susan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The first chapter sets out the key themes of the book, starting from the observation that, although the number of women in paid employment increased considerably from the mid-1980s, significant obstacles to women’s equal participation remain. This pattern is one of a ‘stalled revolution’ whereby public policy has failed to keep up with societal change, resulting in weak rights for women in the workplace, which have been further eroded since 2010. During the Labour years (1997–2010), new rights were introduced to support women as employees (such as the national minimum wage) and to support parents at work. However, rights were often adopted in a minimalist way, reducing their impact and sometimes entrenching exclusionary mechanisms. The introductory chapter sets out the approach taken in the book and sets the Women and Work Commission (2004–9) in a longer perspective of an unfinished agenda for change.
Esthetic Issues in Behavioral Dentistry
Authors: Albino Judith E. , Alley Thomas R. , Tedesco Lisa A. , Tobiasen Joyce A. , Kiyak H. Asuman , Lawrence Sandra D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of foundational research on general facial attractiveness, followed by descriptions of several conditions affecting dental-facial appearance and the treatments for these conditions, as well as a discussion of the methodological and measurement concerns that have shaped this area of research. Facial esthetics has been shown to be the most consistent and compelling determinant of self and social perceptions and attributions. Consequently, dental and surgical practitioners would benefit from the ability to assess accurately the true impact, or psychosocial liability, of various types of impairment, including cleft lip and/or palate, orthognathic conditions, and the broad range of commonly-occurring malocclusions. Many misperceptions about the etiology and effects of impairments persist among the general public, and these contribute to the negative influence that dental-facial impairments can have on the evaluation of facial appearance. Surgical and orthodontic treatment can significantly improve self-perceptions of dental-facial appearance and some aspects of self-image. Researchers also have developed reliable techniques for assessing these effects. Future research should be focused on clarifying responses to dental-facial impairment, and building on current foundations within a social-cognitive framework, which appears particularly well-suited to these issues.
Social, Economic, and Professional Dimensions of the Oral Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Gift Helen C. , Gerbert Barbara , Kress Gerald C. , Reisine Susan T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article reviews issues which serve as the basis for future research in the area of the oral health care delivery system. The review is presented within the context of the larger health care and social environment and includes assessments of structure and organization, participants, access and utilization, professional training, and science transfer. The major trends in the sociodemographics of the U.S. population, changes in oral health status, and abilities to alter disease processes through prevention and treatment strategies are among the challenges addressed. The conclusions of the review illustrate the complexity of the oral health care delivery system as a research opportunity for behavioral and social scientists.
Increasing the Effectiveness of the National Cholesterol Education Program: Dietary and Behavioral Interventions for Clinical Settings
Authors: Southard Douglas R. , Winett Richard A. , Walberg-Rankin Janet L. , Neubauer Tamara E. , Donckers-Roseveare Kathryn , Burkett Paul A. , Gould Robert A. , Lombard David , Moore John F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) is the cornerstone of primary care efforts to treat hypercholesterolemia. It provides diagnostic criteria and an outline of appropriate assessment and treatment protocols. The initial treatment emphasis is on the Step 1, low-cholesterol, low-fat diet. A review of these guidelines from a behavioral perspective suggests that there may be several areas of concern. These include: (a) the absence of attention given to developing sufficient motivation for behavior change; (b) the limited efficacy of routine dietary education for promoting dietary changes; (c) the apparent need for diets more rigorous than the Step 1 and Step 2 guidelines to substantially lower cholesterol in some individuals; (d) the extensive support such dietary interventions must have from established behavioral change strategies; and (e) the lack of enthusiasm and experience many physicians and other medical personnel have for nutrition interventions. It is suggested that more conceptually-based behavioral assessment procedures, such as those based upon the stages of change model, could broaden the impact of the NCEP. In addition, data are presented which suggest that the NCEP could have greater effectiveness if more exacting behavioral strategies are followed. Interactive, multimedia systems are discussed as one means to facilitate dietary interventions in primary care settings. Finally, the importance of integrating measures designed to enhance long-term maintenance of dietary modifications is emphasized along with the need for more ongoing research within the NCEP.
Coping with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of a Decade of Research
Authors: Zautra Alex J. , Manne Sharon L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article reviews empirical studies on coping with rheumatoid arthritis conducted over the past ten years. Two literatures on coping with arthritis have developed: one which sees coping within the general framework of a stress and coping paradigm, and the other which derives from clinical attempts to classify behavioral responses to pain that may be the focus of interventions. From these literatures, two types of measures are identified: one general measure of coping and the other specific to pain management. Each of these measurement approaches has been useful in describing some of the coping efforts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but each is also limited in scope. More comprehensive instruments would advance the field. Central conceptual issues also remain and pose opportunities for future theory-based research on the measurement and meaning of the coping response. Finally, design problems are reviewed, and recommendations for improvements that would strengthen research studies conducted in the future are presented.
Psychosocial Impact of Breast Cancer: A Critical Review
Authors: Glanz Karen , Lerman Caryn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article reviews recent literature on the psychosocial impact of breast cancer, with a focus on the adjustment period, treatment, and psychosocial interventions. These studies have shown that as many as one-quarter of women with breast cancer suffer marked psychological morbidity associated with diagnosis and treatment, though for many women psychological distress declines substantially within a year after treatment. Research regarding treatment options has shown that, for women who can be treated with breast-conserving surgery, less invasive surgery may result in less body image concern and better sexual functioning. Factors which appear to moderate the impact of breast cancer on women's psychological health include coping styles, information preferences, social support, and pre-treatment psychiatric morbidity. Studies of psychosocial interventions suggest positive effects of social support, cognitive therapy, and supportive information. Future research efforts should be directed toward understanding special subgroups of women, and developing and testing behavioral interventions to improve psychosocial adjustment among women at high risk. Approaches which enhance patient–provider communication and patient involvement in care may be most beneficial.
Applications of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Behavioral Medicine
Authors: Pickering Thomas G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The role of behavioral factors in the development of hypertension remains an enigma. To some extent this may be attributable to inadequate techniques for measuring blood pressure. Behavioral research has traditionally relied on two methods— laboratory studies of blood pressure reactivity and epidemiological studies, where a small number of casual blood pressure measurements have been recorded in a clinic or laboratory. Both methods are open to criticism. Blood pressure is continually varying, and at any one moment in time it is highly dependent on the emotional and physical state of the individual. This may result in a major confounding factor for behaviorally-oriented studies. The introduction of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring offers an opportunity to overcome these limitations, since large numbers of blood pressure readings can be taken while subjects go about their normal daily activities. Several applications of the technique are possible: (a) it enables the study of the immediate effects of physical and mental activity on blood pressure; (b) one can investigate whether a particular environment has a sustained effect on blood pressure; and (c) the effects of interventions can be assessed.
Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Introduction and Overview
Authors: Blumenthal Susan J. , Matthews Karen A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In 1992, a panel of experts examined the existing literature on the biobehavioral and psychosocial factors important to the etiology, course, and rehabilitation from coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. This article summarizes the panel's overarching recommendations for the application of existing knowledge to clinical practice and for key areas of clinical research needed on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of CHD in women.
The Relationship Between Laboratory and Ambulatory Cardiovascular Activity: Current Evidence and Future Directions1–3
Authors: Turner J. Rick , Ward Marcia M. , Gellman Marc D. , Johnston Derek W. , Light Kathleen C. , van Doornen Lorenz J. P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This review examines studies which have investigated the relationships between laboratory and field cardiovascular activity. These studies explore associations between cardiovascular data collected during typical laboratory stress-testing paradigms and data collected via ambulatory monitoring while subjects are engaged in their usual activities outside the experimental laboratory. Despite the widely ranging methodologies and analytical techniques, it can be concluded that there is presently moderate evidence for laboratory-field generalization of cardiovascular activity, although the evidence varies in strength for different types of laboratory-field associations. Suggested future directions include the incorporation of several promising analytical techniques, consideration of physical activity and posture, the employment of ambulatory hemodynamic data when the advent of appropriate hardware permits, and the assessment of cardiovascular activity during both specific and non-specific stressors in a single paradigm.
Drinking and Smoking: a Field Study of their Association
Authors: Shiftman Saul , Fischer Lynn A. , Paty Jean A. , Gnys Maryann , Hickcox Mary , Kassel Jon D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Alcohol and tobacco seem to go together: individuals who drink tend to smoke, and vice versa. Users of both substances also seem to use them together; in particular, drinking seems to cue smoking. However, this relationship has not been studied in real-world contexts. We examined the situational association between drinking and smoking using Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs). Using a palm-top computer, 57 subjects reported the circumstances surrounding smoking occasions; as a comparison, subjects were assessed at random times when they were not smoking. A total of 4,020 observations were gathered over one week. Drinking was associated with smoking (odds ratio = 2.1). The effect was greater among heavier drinkers. This link persisted even when situational factors, such as time of day and engagement in leisure activity, were controlled, weakening conditioning explanations of the association. The data also did not support pharmacological compensation models: the degree of cognitive impairment when drinking did not predict the likelihood of smoking. The data were also inconsistent with a model based on disinhibition of smoking restraint, in that the relationship was not stronger among more restrained subjects. The data suggested that questionnaire reports of smoking patterns were invalid: the actual, observed link between drinking and smoking was not related to subjects' characterization of this relationship.
Mood, Location and Physical Position as Predictors of Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Application of a Multi-Level Random Effects Model
Authors: Schwartz Joseph E. , Warren Katherine , Pickering Thomas G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite the popularity of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in behavioral research and the interest in the role of negative affect in cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined the prevalence and cardiovascular effects of mood states on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate during everyday life. Those that have done this have used suboptimal analytic techniques.
The present analysis is based on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) readings from 246 normotensive subjects who are part of an ongoing worksite study. Subjects were asked to report their position, location, activity, mood, and social interaction at the time of each BP reading. The data are analyzed by a multilevel random effects model based on a repeated measures ANO VA.
The initial analysis evaluates the effects of position (standing, sitting, reclining) and location (home, work, other). The BP changes associated with position are relatively large (8–12 mm Hg) and stable across individuals, while those for location are modest (2–4 mm Hg) and show considerable inter-subject variation. Subjects were asked to record one or more of twelve mood states; 65% of readings were reported as “neutral,” 12% as “happy,” 7% as “anxious,” 6% as “tired,” and less than 1% as “angry.” After controlling for position, location, and significant moods, significant increases of both systolic and diastolic BP were observed for “angry” (4/4 mm Hg systolic/diastolic BP), “excited” (3/2 mm Hg), and “happy” (1/1 mm Hg). Significant decreases of both BPs were observed for “tired” (−2/−1 mm Hg). Heart rate changes were generally inconsistent, except for an increase associated with feeling “rushed” (1 bpm).
We conclude that while position and location account for a substantial part of the overall BP and heart rate variance, the effects of position are greater than would be expected on purely hemodynamic grounds and may be attributed to unreported differences in the level of arousal. Anger was the least regularly reported mood but is associated with the largest increase of BP. In total, mood does not account for much of the variance in BP or heart rate.
Prevalence of swallowing disorder in different dementia subtypes among older adults: a meta-analysis
Authors: Putri Alfiani Rahmi , Chu Yu-Hao , Chen Ruey , Chiang Kai-Jo , Banda Kondwani Joseph , Liu Doresses , Lin Hui-Chen , Niu Shu-Fen , Chou Kuei-Ru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Ageing process and abnormal protein accumulation in dementia damage neural pathways affecting the swallowing process and leading to swallowing disorder.

Objective
To estimate the prevalence of swallowing disorder among older adults with different dementia subtypes.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and OVID Medline. The meta-analysis employed R (version 4.0.2) and utilised a generalised linear mixed model with a random-effect approach to estimate the pooled prevalence of swallowing disorder among older adults, considering various dementia subtypes. The quality of included studies was assessed using Hoy’s criteria. Heterogeneity was identified through Cochrane’s Q and I2 statistics. To further explore heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed to identify the contributing variables among the included studies.

Results
Eighteen studies with 12,532 older adults with different dementia subtypes were enrolled in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of swallowing disorder among older adults with dementia was 58%, with 46.5% for Alzheimer’s dementia, 34.9% for Parkinson’s dementia, 18.8% for vascular dementia, 16.3% for mixed dementia and 12.2% for Lewy body dementia. According to assessment tools, Alzheimer’s dementia had the highest prevalence, with 58% in instrumental assessments and 39% in clinical assessments. Medical history, Alzheimer’s dementia, moderate-to-severe Clinical Dementia Rating, delayed oral phase, delayed pharyngeal phase and poor tongue motility contributed to the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Conclusions
More than half of older adults with dementia demonstrate to have swallowing disorder. Our findings offer valuable insights to healthcare professionals for the identification of swallowing disorder in ageing population with dementia.
Iatrogenic hyperchloremia: An overview in hospitalized patients for pharmacists
Authors: Most Amoreena , Nordbeck Sarah , Farina Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this therapeutic update is to provide pharmacists with a general overview of the pathophysiology of hyperchloremia and describe strategies to help prevent development of this electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients.

Summary
Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte abnormality associated with an increased incidence of acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis. Intravenous (IV) fluids utilized for volume resuscitation, medication diluents, and total parental nutrition all may contribute to the development of hyperchloremia. Current evidence suggests that administration of balanced crystalloids for either fluid resuscitation or maintenance fluids may impact serum chloride levels and patient outcomes. In multiple randomized controlled trials, administering balanced crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patient populations did not decrease mortality. However, further analyses of subpopulations within these trials have demonstrated that patients with sepsis may benefit from receiving balanced crystalloids for initial fluid resuscitation. Results from several small studies suggest that altering the composition of these IV fluids may help prevent development of hyperchloremia.

Conclusion
Management of hyperchloremia is preventative in nature and can be mitigated through management of resuscitation fluids, medication diluents, and total parenteral nutrition. Inpatient pharmacists should be aware of the potential risk of fluid-associated hyperchloremia and assist with optimal fluid management to prevent and manage hyperchloremia.