bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Enterostatin: Identification and Release in Rats in Response to a Meal
Authors: Mei Jie , Sörhede‐Winzell Maria , Erlanson‐Albertsson Charlotte 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To discover a possible absorption and/or secretion of enterostatin into the circulating blood, as well as to compare the levels of circulating enterostatin after high‐fat feeding and low‐fat feeding.Research Methods and Procedures: Using a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, plasma enterostatin levels were determined after feeding a high‐fat, a high‐fat/‐sucrose, or a low‐fat meal to Sprague‐Dawley rats deprived of food overnight.Results: The enterostatin levels were increased by all diets; the response to the high‐fat and the high‐fat/‐sucrose meals was greater in magnitude and duration than that to the low‐fat meal. In addition, enterostatin levels correlated with the intake of dietary fat. Plasma enterostatin levels after high‐fat feeding were found to be similar to those after intravenous administration of exogenous enterostatin known to inhibit high‐fat food intake. Gel chromatography of pooled postprandial plasma extracts followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that plasma enterostatin was identical to synthetic enterostatin. Affinity cross‐linking of plasma proteins with 125I‐enterostatin on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography, revealed a single band with a molecular weight of about 66 kDa, indicating the presence of a potential enterostatin‐binding protein in plasma.Discussion: The measurements of plasma enterostatin may be a sensitive indicator for the measurement of fat intake.
Effect of Glucose Tolerance Status on PAI‐1 Plasma Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Authors: Pannacciulli Nicola , de Mitrio Vito , Marino Renato , Giorgino Riccardo , de Pergola Giovanni 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of our study was to examine whether plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) plasma levels varied as a function of differences in glucose tolerance status independently of body fatness, body‐fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity.Research Methods and Procedures: Plasma PAI‐1 antigen levels, along with insulin resistance [measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMAIR)], central fat accumulation, body composition, blood pressure, and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids, were measured in 229 overweight and obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and in 44 age‐ and BMI‐matched subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Results: Plasma PAI‐1 antigen levels were significantly higher in IGT than in NGT subjects. Log PAI‐1 was positively correlated with BMI, HOMAIR, and log insulin, and inversely associated with high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol both in IGT and in NGT individuals. On the other hand, log PAI‐1 was positively correlated with waist circumference, fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and log triglycerides only in the NGT group. After multivariate analyses, the strongest determinants of PAI‐1 levels were BMI, FM, waist circumference, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the NGT group and only HOMAIR in the IGT cohort.Discussion: This study demonstrates that PAI‐1 concentrations are higher in IGT than in NGT subjects. Furthermore, we suggest that the influences of total adiposity, central fat, and insulin resistance, main determinants of PAI‐1 concentrations, are different according to the degree of glucose tolerance.
Differences in Resting Metabolic Rate between White and African‐American Young Adults
Authors: Sharp Teresa A. , Bell Melanie L. , Grunwald Gary K. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Sidney Stephen , Lewis Cora E. , Tolan Kim , Hill James O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: A reported lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) in African‐American women than in white women could explain the higher prevalence of obesity in the former group. Little information is available on RMR in African‐American men.Research Methods and Procedures: We assessed RMR by indirect calorimetry and body composition by DXA in 395 adults ages 28 to 40 years (100 African‐American men, 95 white men, 94 African‐American women, and 106 white women), recruited from participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), Birmingham, Alabama, and Oakland, California, field centers.Results: Using linear models, fat‐free mass, fat mass, visceral fat, and age were significantly related to RMR, but the usual level of physical activity was not. After adjustment for these variables, mean RMR was significantly higher in whites (1665.07 ± 10.78 kcal/d) than in African Americans (1585.05 ± 11.02 kcal/d) by 80 ± 16 kcal/d (p < 0.0001). The ethnic × gender interaction was not significant (p = 0.9512), indicating that the difference in RMR between African‐American and white subjects was similar for men and women.Discussion: RMR is ∼5% higher in white than in African‐American participants in CARDIA. The difference was the same for men and women and for lean and obese individuals. The prevalence of obesity is not higher in African‐American men than in white men. Because of these reasons, we believe that RMR differences are unlikely to be a primary explanation for why African‐American women are more prone to obesity than white women.
Managing Dysphagia in the Schools
Authors: McNeilly Lemmietta G. , Sheppard Justine J. 
Published: April 2008

Purpose
This prologue introduces the clinical forum, “Managing Dysphagia in the Schools,” and informs the reader of the scope of the included articles.

Method
The contributing authors are introduced and a brief summary is provided for each of the 10 articles that make up the forum.

Conclusion
The articles address a broad range of issues, with specific reference to children with dysphagia in school settings. There are comprehensive reviews of legislation, ethical issues, cultural issues, motor learning, medically fragile conditions, severe neuromuscular impairments, and autism spectrum disorder. In addition, there are systematic observations and research that address a model public school dysphagia program, school-based speech-language pathologists' perceptions of competency, family perceptions of school programs, and a program for implementing transition from tube to oral feeding.
Establishing a Public School Dysphagia Program: A Model for Administration and Service Provision
Authors: Homer Emily M. 
Published: April 2008

Purpose
Many school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are hampered in participating in managing children with dysphagia by their school systems' lack of supportive policies and procedures. A need exists to better define the dysphagia-trained SLP’s role and clarify the district’s responsibility. The purpose of this article is to address the critical administrative issues and administrative components surrounding dysphagia in the schools and to offer the SLP some solutions to these problems.

Method
A narrative review of the relevant literature addresses the following questions that are important for administrative planning and implementation of programs for students with dysphagia in the schools: (a) Should school systems assume responsibility for working with students with dysphagia? (b) Why is a system-supported procedure recommended? (c) What service delivery models can a system use to serve students with dysphagia? (d) What components should be included in a dysphagia procedure?

Conclusion
SLPs should be proactive in providing dysphagia services to students in the schools. A procedure that is adopted by a school system for all of its employees to follow will offer direction and guidance. This system-supported procedure may provide assurance that dysphagia services are being provided in a professionally acceptable manner. Ongoing staff development and training is essential. A system can implement dysphagia services using existing staff, when possible, and policies and procedures that have been approved by the system.
Family and Cultural Issues in a School Swallowing and Feeding Program
Authors: Davis-McFarland Elise 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis article presents a rationale for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to provide culturally competent evaluation, diagnostic, and intervention services for children with oral motor, swallowing, and feeding disorders in school settings. There is also a discussion of how changing American public school demographics necessitate the consideration of cultural issues and family-focused approaches to dysphagia services.MethodThis article provides an overview of cultural, religious, and health beliefs of several ethnic groups, as well as information on the dynamics and requirements of cultural competence and family-focused intervention. Ethnographic interviewing is presented as a culturally sensitive diagnostic method. Information on structuring a culturally relevant individualized educational program process is provided. Guidance in the use of interpreters and translators is also offered.ConclusionAttention to cultural and family issues in the diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia in a school setting optimizes the opportunities for successful outcomes and better meets the needs of children and families from culturally/linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Schoolchildren With Dysphagia Associated With Medically Complex Conditions
Authors: Lefton-Greif Maureen A. , Arvedson Joan C. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis article reviews population trends and general characteristics of children with dysphagia in schools, provides an overview of dysphagia teams and the roles of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in school and hospital settings, and describes assessment and treatment of swallowing and feeding problems in children with complex medical histories.MethodA review of the literature of swallowing and feeding problems in young children and population trends for children who are at risk for dysphagia was completed. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the complexities that are common to this population and to provide practical information to maximize the health and education outcomes of children with dysphagia.ResultsSLPs in schools are increasingly evaluating and treating children with dysphagia associated with medically complex conditions. There is a rising incidence in preterm births and the survival of medically fragile children, suggesting that a greater number of children will be at risk for dysphagia in the future. Limited evidence is available to support most therapeutic interventions.ConclusionSchool-based SLPs are uniquely positioned to identify swallowing and feeding problems, evaluate and treat children with dysphagia, participate on dysphagia teams in the school setting, and interact with the medical team.
Addressing Feeding Disorders in Children on the Autism Spectrum in School-Based Settings: Physiological and Behavioral Issues
Authors: Twachtman-Reilly Jennifer , Amaral Sheryl C. , Zebrowski Patrecia P. 
Published: April 2008

Purpose
The purposes of this article are to define the nature of feeding difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), identify important components of the assessment and treatment of feeding disorders specific to this population, and delineate specific therapeutic techniques designed to improve assessment and treatment within the school setting.

Method
Literature review and case example are used to define the predominant nature of the feeding difficulties that are experienced by some children on the autism spectrum. Characteristics of this complex disorder that can have an impact on feeding skill and behavior are also identified. These factors are then integrated to create assessment and intervention techniques that can be used in conjunction with traditional feeding approaches to facilitate improvements in eating in this unique population.

Implications
The complex nature of ASD and its many influences on feeding skills and behavior create the need for modification to both assessment and treatment approaches. Additional research is needed to create therapeutic protocols that can be used by school-based speech-language pathologists to effectively assess and treat feeding difficulties that are commonly encountered in children with ASD.
URL decay in MEDLINE—a 4-year follow-up study
Authors: Wren Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Internet-based electronic resources, as given by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), are being increasingly used in scientific publications but are also becoming inaccessible in a time-dependant manner, a phenomenon documented across disciplines. Initial reports brought attention to the problem, spawning methods of effectively preserving URL content while some journals adopted policies regarding URL publication and begun storing supplementary information on journal websites. Thus, a reexamination of URL growth and decay in the literature is merited to see if the problem has grown or been mitigated by any of these changes.
Results: After the 2003 study, three follow-up studies were conducted in 2004, 2005 and 2007. Unfortunately, no significant change was found in the rate of URL decay among any of the studies. However, only 5% of URLs cited more than twice have decayed versus 20% of URLs cited once or twice. The most common types of lost content were computer programs (43%), followed by scholarly content (38%) and databases (19%). Compared to URLs still available, no lost content type was significantly over- or underrepresented. Searching for 30 of these websites using Google, 11 (37%) were found relocated to different URLs.
Conclusions: URL decay continues unabated, but URLs published by organizations tend to be more stable. Repeated citation of URLs suggests calculation of an electronic impact factor (eIF) would be an objective, quantitative way to measure the impact of Internet-based resources on scientific research.
Contact: Jonathan-Wren@OMRF.org
Implementation of a regulatory gene network to simulate the TH1/2 differentiation in an agent-based model of hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Santoni Daniele , Pedicini Marco , Castiglione Filippo 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Motivation: An unbalanced differentiation of T helper cells from precursor type TH0 to the TH1 or TH2 phenotype in immune responses often leads to a pathological condition. In general, immune reactions biased toward TH1 responses may result in auto-immune diseases, while enhanced TH2 responses may cause allergic reactions. The aim of this work is to integrate a gene network of the TH differentiation in an agent-based model of the hyper-sensitivity reaction. The implementation of such a system introduces a second level of description beyond the mesoscopic level of the inter-cellular interaction of the agent-based model. The intra-cellular level consists in the cell internal dynamics of gene activation and transcription. The gene regulatory network includes genes-related molecules that have been found to be involved in the differentiation process in TH cells.
Results: The simulator reproduces the hallmarks of an IgE-mediated hypersensitive reaction and provides an example of how to combine the mesoscopic level description of immune cells with the microscopic gene-level dynamics.
Availability: The basic version of the simulator of the immune response can be downloaded here: http://www.iac.cnr.it/~filippo/C-ImmSim.html
Contact: f.castiglione@iac.cnr.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysing georeferenced population genetics data with Geneland: a new algorithm to deal with null alleles and a friendly graphical user interface
Authors: Guillot Gilles , Santos Filipe , Estoup Arnaud 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Summary: We introduce a new algorithm to account for the presence of null alleles in inferences of populations clusters from individual multilocus genetic data. We show by simulations that the presence of null alleles can affect the accuracy of inferences if not properly accounted for and that our algorithm improve signficantly their accuracy.
Availability: This new algorithm is implemented in the program Geneland. It is freely available under GNU public license as an R package on the Comprehensive R Archive Network. It now includes a fully clickable graphical interface. Informations on how to get the software are available on folk.uio.no/gillesg/Geneland.html
Contact: gilles.guillot@bio.uio.no
Supplementary information: Details on the simulation study are available from folk.uio.no/gillesg/BioInformatics_Geneland
Geostatistical comparison of two independent video surveys of sea scallop abundance in the Elephant Trunk Closed Area, USA
Authors: Adams Charles F. , Harris Bradley P. , Stokesbury Kevin D. E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Adams, C. F., Harris, B. P., and Stokesbury, K. D. E. 2008. Geostatistical comparison of two independent video surveys of sea scallop abundance in the Elephant Trunk Closed Area, USA. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 995–1003. Geostatistical prediction at unsampled locations is done by kriging, an interpolation technique that minimizes the error variance. Our goal was to verify the technique by comparing kriged abundance estimates with observed counts from an area containing the highest densities of sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) offshore of the northeastern USA. In 2006, two independent video surveys of scallop abundance were made in the Elephant Trunk Closed Area, one using a 5.6 × 5.6-km sampling grid and the other with a 2.2 × 2.2-km sampling grid. We generated kriged surfaces of scallop abundance with the 5.6-km grid data, using different combinations of variograms and theoretical models, then tested the null hypothesis of no difference between the predicted and assumed true values (i.e. the 2.2-km grid data). There were significant differences between predicted and true values for three out of four combinations of variogram–model fits to untransformed data, assuming isotropy. In contrast, there was no significant difference between kriged and true values for any combination of variogram–model fits to log-transformed, detrended, anisotropy-corrected data. Classical and robust variograms performed equally well. Kriging can be used to generate accurate maps of scallop abundance if the assumptions of geostatistics are met.
Can stories change a culture?
Authors: Wortmann Craig 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe paper seeks to identify why we need to get past the bits and bullets – e‐mails, text messaging and PowerPoint presentations – and tell the full story. Story is the most powerful way to change a culture. By identifying with beliefs and behaviors, stories are shown as the lynchpin for social, economic, organizational, and individual change.Design/methodology/approachThis paper shows how cultural change is driven by stories and provides a process through which leaders can work to drive change within their own organizations using the Story Tools: WinBook, StoryMatrix and Story Coach, eScenes and Scenarios. Together the tools provide the framework for leaders to be more effective and consistent leaders.FindingsStories are the most successful way to change a culture. By “adding back” context, stories carry success and failure messages, they allow us to reflect and learn by drawing us in, and finally stories influence us to create the right kinds of behavior.Practical implicationsThis paper offers practical tools for leaders to capture and tell stories that enhance their leadership skills, as well as offering insights into changing a company's culture.Originality/valueThe originality of this approach to story lies in the story tools – StoryMatrix, Story Coach, WinBook, eScenes and Scenarios developed by the author and his company WisdomTools. The authors's book, What's Your Story? Using Stories to Ignite Performance and Be More Successful, provides the reader with more in‐depth background on the original Story Tools.
Exploring the differential impact of job satisfaction on employee attendance and conduct
Authors: Zeffane Rachid , Ibrahim Mohamed E. , Al Mehairi Rashid 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of job satisfaction on employee attendance and conduct.Design/methodology/approachThe approach was to use data from a study on job satisfaction and performance conducted in a utility company operating in the United Arab Emirates. Job satisfaction was measured using the 20‐item MSQ (Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) short form. Performance measures were based on the utility company employee performance rating system.FindingsPreliminary analysis of the data revealed significant differences on aspects of job satisfaction and performance between the two gender groups (i.e. males vs females). In general, female respondents were less satisfied with various aspects of their jobs and the job context than their male counterparts. Similarly, they tended to be less performing than their male counterparts on a number of job performance criteria. This pattern is indicative of an underlying linkage between satisfaction and performance, particularly in relation to gender groups.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the potential cultural specificities of the results and their implications for future research and management practice with regard to job satisfaction and performance.
A taxonomy of manufacturing strategies in Spanish companies
Authors: Luz Martín‐Peña María , Díaz‐Garrido Eloísa 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe literature on manufacturing strategy has focused on analysis of content and process. Limited attention has been given to the concept of manufacturing strategy in taxonomical terms. The purpose of this study is to highlight a taxonomy of manufacturing strategies in Spanish industrial companies.Design/methodology/approachA cluster analysis was performed. The classification variable used was based on competitive priorities relating to cost, quality, flexibility, delivery, service and environmental protection. The sample group consisted of 353 companies, belonging to different sectors.FindingsEmpirical analysis results demonstrate the existence of two manufacturing strategies and significant differences in structure and infrastructure policies but not in performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study are not generalizable, given the nature of the sample. Future studies should consider larger samples, including more countries and contexts.Practical implicationsA taxonomy of manufacturing strategies will serve as a useful mechanism to better understand Spain's manufacturing role and position in European and global economies.Originality/valueThe taxonomy presented contributes to the development and enhancement of operations management theory and demonstrates the current strategic importance of the manufacturing function in Spanish companies.