bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Rates and Short-term Outcome of Live Births Before 32 Weeks of Gestation in Europe in 2003: Results From the MOSAIC Cohort
Authors: Zeitlin Jennifer , Draper Elizabeth S. , Kollée Louis , Milligan David , Boerch Klaus , Agostino Rocco , Gortner Ludwig , Van Reempts Patrick , Chabernaud Jean-Louis , Gadzinowski Janusz , Bréart Gérard , Papiernik Emile ,   and the MOSAIC research group
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES. Advances in perinatal medicine increased survival after very preterm birth in all countries, but comparative population-based data on these births are not readily available. This analysis contrasts the rates and short-term outcome of live births before 32 weeks of gestation in 10 European regions.
METHODS. The Models of Organizing Access to Intensive Care for Very Preterm Births (MOSAIC) study collected prospective data on all very preterm births in 10 European regions covering 494463 total live births in 2003. The analysis sample was live births between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation without lethal congenital anomalies (N = 4908). Outcomes were rates of preterm birth, in-hospital mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage grades III and IV or cystic periventricular leukomalacia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mortality and morbidity rates were standardized for gestational age and gender.
RESULTS. Live births between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation were 9.9 per 1000 total live births with a range from 7.6 to 13.0 in the MOSAIC regions. Standardized mortality was doubled in high versus low mortality regions (18%–20% vs 7%–9%) and differed for infants ≤28 weeks of gestation as well as 28 to 31 weeks of gestation. Morbidity among survivors also varied (intraventricular hemorrhage/periventricular leukomalacia ranged from 2.6% to ≤10% and bronchopulmonary dysplasia from 10.5% to 21.5%) but differed from mortality rankings. A total of 85.2 very preterm infants per 10000 total live births were discharged from the hospital alive with a range from 64.1 to 117.1; the range was 10 to 31 per 10000 live births for infants discharged with a diagnosis of neurologic or respiratory morbidity.
CONCLUSIONS. Very preterm mortality and morbidity differed between European regions, raising questions about variability in treatment provided to these infants. Comparative follow-up studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of these differences on rates of cerebral palsy and other disabilities associated with preterm birth.
Media Coverage of the Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autism Controversy and Its Relationship to MMR Immunization Rates in the United States
Authors: Smith Michael J. , Ellenberg Susan S. , Bell Louis M. , Rubin David M. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to assess the association between media coverage of the MMR-autism controversy and MMR immunization in the United States.METHODS. The public-use files of the National Immunization Survey were used to estimate annual MMR coverage from 1995 to 2004. The primary outcome was selective measles-mumps-rubella nonreceipt, that is, those children who received all childhood immunizations except MMR. Media coverage was measured by using LexisNexis, a comprehensive database of national and local news media. Factors associated with MMR nonreceipt were identified by using a logistic regression model.RESULTS. Selective MMR nonreceipt, occurring in as few as 0.77% of children in the 1995 cohort, rose to 2.1% in the 2000 National Immunization Survey. Children included in the 2000 National Immunization Survey were born when the putative link between MMR and autism surfaced in the medical literature but before any significant media attention occurred. Selective nonreceipt was more prevalent in private practices and unrelated to family characteristics. MMR nonreceipt returned to baseline before sustained media coverage of the MMR-autism story began.CONCLUSIONS. There was a significant increase in selective MMR nonreceipt that was temporally associated with the publication of the original scientific literature, suggesting a link between MMR and autism, which preceded media coverage of the MMR-autism controversy. This finding suggests a limited influence of mainstream media on MMR immunization in the United States.
Development, Testing, and Findings of a Pediatric-Focused Trigger Tool to Identify Medication-Related Harm in US Children's Hospitals
Authors: Takata Glenn S. , Mason Wilbert , Taketomo Carol , Logsdon Tina , Sharek Paul J. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES. The purposes of this study were to develop a pediatric-focused tool for adverse drug event detection and describe the incidence and characteristics of adverse drug events in children's hospitals identified by this tool.METHODS. A pediatric-specific trigger tool for adverse drug event detection was developed and tested. Eighty patients from each site were randomly selected for retrospective chart review. All adverse drug events identified using the trigger tool were evaluated for severity, preventability, ability to mitigate, ability to identify the event earlier, and presence of associated occurrence report. Each trigger and the entire tool were evaluated for positive predictive value.RESULTS. Review of 960 randomly selected charts from 12 children's hospitals revealed 2388 triggers (2.49 per patient) and 107 unique adverse drug events. Mean adverse drug event rates were 11.1 per 100 patients, 15.7 per 1000 patient-days, and 1.23 per 1000 medication doses. The positive predictive value of the trigger tool was 3.7%. Twenty-two percent of all adverse drug events were deemed preventable, 17.8% could have been identified earlier, and 16.8% could have been mitigated more effectively. Ninety-seven percent of the identified adverse drug events resulted in mild, temporary harm. Only 3.7% of adverse drug events were identified in existing hospital-based occurrence reports. The most common adverse drug events identified were pruritis and nausea, the most common medication classes causing adverse drug events were opioid analgesics and antibiotics, and the most common stages of the medication management process associated with preventable adverse drug events were monitoring and prescribing/ordering.CONCLUSIONS. Adverse drug event rates in hospitalized children are substantially higher than previously described. Most adverse drug events resulted in temporary harm, and 22% were classified as preventable. Only 3.7% were identified by using traditional voluntary reporting methods. Our pediatric-focused trigger tool is effective at identifying adverse drug events in inpatient pediatric populations.
Prevention of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Breastfed Infants: Lessons From the Dutch and Danish Biliary Atresia Registries
Authors: van Hasselt Peter M. , de Koning Tom J. , Kvist Nina , de Vries Elsemieke , Lundin Christina Rydahl , Berger Ruud , Kimpen Jan L. L. , Houwen Roderick H. J. , Jorgensen Marianne Horby , Verkade Henkjan J. ,   and the Netherlands Study Group for Biliary Atresia Registry
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE. Newborns routinely receive vitamin K to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding. The efficacy of oral vitamin K administration may be compromised in infants with unrecognized cholestasis. We aimed to compare the risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding under different propylactic regimens in infants with biliary atresia.PATIENTS AND METHODS. From Dutch and Danish national biliary atresia registries, we retrieved infants who were either breastfed and received 1 mg of oral vitamin K at birth followed by 25 μg of daily oral vitamin K prophylaxis (Netherlands, 1991–2003), 2 mg of oral vitamin K at birth followed by 1 mg of weekly oral prophylaxis (Denmark, 1994 to May 2000), or 2 mg of intramuscular prophylaxis at birth (Denmark, June 2000–2005) or were fed by formula. We determined the absolute and relative risk of severe vitamin K deficiency and vitamin K deficiency bleeding on diagnosis in breastfed infants on each prophylactic regimen and in formula-fed infants.RESULTS. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding was noted in 25 of 30 of breastfed infants on 25 μg of daily oral prophylaxis, in 1 of 13 on 1 mg of weekly oral prophylaxis, in 1 of 10 receiving 2 mg of intramuscular prophylaxis at birth, and in 1 of 98 formula-fed infants (P &lt; .001). The relative risk of a bleeding in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants was 77.5 for 25 μg of daily oral prophylaxis, 7.2 for 1 mg of weekly oral prophylaxis, and 9.3 for 2 mg of intramuscular prophylaxis at birth.CONCLUSIONS. A daily dose of 25 μg of vitamin K fails to prevent bleedings in apparently healthy infants with unrecognized cholestasis because of biliary atresia. One milligram of weekly oral prophylaxis offers significantly higher protection to these infants and is of similar efficacy as 2 mg of intramuscular prophylaxis at birth. Our data underline the fact that event analysis in specific populations at risk can help to evaluate and improve nationwide prophylactic regimens.
Performance of Threaded Versus Sintered Porous‐Surfaced Dental Implants Using Open Window or Indirect Osteotome‐Mediated Sinus Elevation: A Retrospective Report
Authors: Kermalli Jaffer Y. , Deporter Douglas A. , Lai Jim Y. , Lam Ernest , Atenafu Eshetu 
Published: April 2008

Background: The purpose of this retrospective report was to evaluate the performance of dental implants placed in a teaching environment in patients requiring maxillary sinus elevation.Methods: Threaded (acid‐washed or sand‐blasted acid‐etched) and sintered porous‐surfaced (SPS) press‐fit implants were used. Sinuses were managed using direct (open window) or indirect (osteotome‐mediated) techniques. Records were available for 97 implants in 62 patients. Preoperative subantral bone heights were determined from radiographs, primarily panoramic. Of 69 threaded implants used, 40 and 29 were placed using direct (DTH) and indirect (ITH) techniques, respectively. Twenty‐eight SPS implants were placed using the indirect technique. Implant failure rates using the Kaplan‐Meier method of analysis and cumulative crestal bone loss (the latter based on bone levels seen in the most recent radiographs) were determined for both types of implants.Results: The mean preoperative subantral bone height for DTH implants was 5.0 mm (range, 1 to 12 mm). Preoperative bone heights for ITH implants and SPS implants placed using the indirect approach were 7.2 mm (range, 4 to 12 mm) and 4.2 mm (range, 3 to 6 mm), respectively. Significant differences in preoperative bone height were seen between DTH and ITH implants (P <0.0001) and between ITH and SPS implants (P <0.0001). Average functional times were 18.7 months and 16.3 months for DTH and ITH implants, respectively, whereas the average functional time for SPS implants was 49.9 months. Time in function was significantly greater (P <0.0001) for SPS than DTH and ITH implants. Significant differences in implant length were also seen, with SPS implants significantly shorter than DTH or ITH implants. Three implants failed to integrate, one in each of the three treatment groups, giving initial survival rates of 97.5%, 96.6%, and 96.4% for DTH, ITH, and SPS implants, respectively. Mean cumulative crestal bone loss measurements were 1.84, 1.90, and 0.57 mm for DTH, ITH, and SPS implants, respectively. Bone loss was significantly less with SPS implants than with DTH or ITH implants. A second SPS implant failed after 7 years in function, likely because of prosthetic deficiencies. This late failure reduced the Kaplan‐Meier survival rate to 80.4% for the SPS group.Conclusion: Results from this teaching clinic suggest that the use of dental implants with sinus elevation procedures is a predictable treatment for the resorbed posterior maxilla.
Periodontal Attachment Loss in an Untreated Isolated Population of Brazil
Authors: Corraini Priscila , Baelum Vibeke , Pannuti Cláudio Mendes , Pustiglioni Alessandro Nautili , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Pustiglioni Francisco Emílio 
Published: April 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, and severity of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and to investigate the association of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk indicators with CAL in an untreated isolated population in Brazil.Methods: All subjects aged ≥12 years were identified by a census. Participants were submitted to a full‐mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and were interviewed using a structured, written questionnaire.Results: Among the 214 subjects who were interviewed and examined clinically, CAL ≥5 mm in at least one site was observed in 8% of the 12‐ to 19‐year‐olds and in all dentate subjects ≥50 years of age; the age‐dependent prevalence of CAL ≥7 mm in at least one site ranged from 5% among 12‐ to 19‐year‐olds to 83% among subjects ≥50 years old. Multivariate analysis identified plaque (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8), supragingival calculus (OR = 2.9 to 10.6), age ≥30 years (OR = 11.4), and smoking (OR = 2.4) as risk indicators for CAL ≥5 mm and smoking (OR = 8.2) as a risk indicator for CAL ≥7 mm.Conclusions: CAL is highly prevalent in this isolated population. The high occurrence of CAL in young age groups and the confirmation of traditional risk indicators for CAL in this study suggest that other factors, such as host susceptibility, may be needed to explain the high levels of CAL found. Age and behavioral factors were risk indicators associated significantly with the CAL found in this population and may be useful indicators of high‐risk subjects for periodontal diseases.
Assessment of Parameters Affecting the Presence of the Central Papilla Using a Non‐Invasive Radiographic Method
Authors: Chang Li‐Ching 
Published: April 2008

Background: This study was performed to assess the relationship between radiopaque landmarks and central papilla presence and height. The probability of the presence of a central papilla has been related to the bone crest–contact point distance. Papilla height has been measured by inserting a dental probe under local anesthesia, but this method is invasive. It would be desirable to assess the influence of other dental landmarks on the presence and height of the papilla and to use a non‐invasive method for measurement of papilla height that is simple, accurate, and accepted readily by patients.Methods: Periapical radiographs were obtained in 310 adults with fully erupted permanent dentition, healthy gingiva (plaque and gingival indexes of 0 to 1), and well‐aligned maxillary central incisors. Semisoft radiopaque material was placed to fill the space coronal to the papilla tip, which enabled it to be visualized without probing. Vertical and horizontal distances were measured with an electric ruler.Results: The presence of a full central papilla was related significantly to age, papillary height, and distances from the bone crest to the contact point, the buccal cemento‐enamel junction, and the proximal cemento‐enamel junction. When confounding factors were controlled using multifactorial logistic regression, the distance from the bone crest to the proximal cemento‐enamel junction was the strongest determinant of papilla presence.Conclusions: Standard periapical radiography is a non‐invasive method that can be used to study determinants of the presence of a central papilla. The factors linked to papilla recession were age, bone crest–contact point distance, bone crest–proximal cemento‐enamel junction distance, and papilla height. Bone crest‐proximal cemento‐enamel junction distance, the strongest predictor of the probability of papilla recession, might be used to predict this probability after prosthetic or orthodontic interventions.
Site‐Specific Development of Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in Subgingival Plaque
Authors: Mineoka Tetsuro , Awano Shuji , Rikimaru Tetsuya , Kurata Hiroshi , Yoshida Akihiro , Ansai Toshihiro , Takehara Tadamichi 
Published: April 2008

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), which are regarded as the principal periodontopathogenic bacteria, exist as a consortium in subgingival biofilms. We aimed to examine quantitative relationships between P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in subgingival biofilms and the relationship between the quantity and prevalence of these three bacteria and site‐specific periodontal health.Methods: This study was cross‐sectional. The study population consisted of 35 adult subjects who visited the Kyushu Dental College Hospital. Plaque samples were collected from 105 periodontal pocket sites. Quantitative analyses of each of the three periodontopathogenic bacteria were performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction with species‐specific primers and hybridization probes.Results: The plaque samples were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of a periodontal pocket (probing depth [PD] ≥4 mm) and bleeding on probing (BOP), regardless of attachment loss. The proportions of all three target bacteria detected in samples from sites of periodontal disease (with PD and BOP) were markedly higher than those in the other sample groups. Cell numbers of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in the subgingival plaque of each sampling site were significantly mutually correlated and were increased in the plaque of sites of periodontal disease with PD ≥4 mm and BOP.Conclusion: The symbiotic effects of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia, which coaggregate and exist concomitantly in subgingival biofilms, may be associated with the local development of periodontitis.
Free Gingival Grafts to Increase Keratinized Tissue: A Retrospective Long‐Term Evaluation (10 to 25 years) of Outcomes
Authors: Agudio Giancarlo , Nieri Michele , Rotundo Roberto , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo 
Published: April 2008

Background: Gingival augmentation procedures are indicated primarily to increase an insufficient amount of gingiva and sometimes to halt the progression of gingival recession. The aim of this retrospective long‐term study was to evaluate changes in the amount of keratinized tissue (KT) and in the position of the gingival margin after free gingival graft procedures over a period of 10 to 25 years.Methods: One hundred three subjects presenting with 224 sites completely lacking attached gingiva associated with gingival recessions were treated in a private practice. The experimental sites were treated with gingival augmentation procedures (free gingival grafts). The grafts were positioned at the presurgical level of the gingival margin or in a submarginal position. Clinical variables, including recession depth, amount of KT, and probing depth (PD), were measured at baseline (T0), 1 year after surgery (T1), and at the end of the follow‐up period (10 to 25 years) (T2) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel models.Results: From T0 to T1, the gingival margin shifted coronally 0.8 mm, and KT increased 4.2 mm. From T1 to T2, the gingival margin shifted coronally 0.6 mm, and the overall KT decreased 0.7 mm. PD remained stable.Conclusion: Gingival augmentation procedures performed in sites with an absence of attached gingiva associated with recessions provide an increased amount of KT associated with recession reduction over a long period of time.
The Reproducibility of Curet Sampling of Subgingival Biofilms
Authors: Teles Flavia R. , Haffajee Anne D. , Socransky Sigmund S. 
Published: April 2008

Background: Because few studies have examined the critical issue of sampling reproducibility, the purpose of the present study was to examine the reproducibility of curet sampling of subgingival biofilms.Methods: Seven subgingival biofilm samples were taken successively, using a curet, from each of 80 sites and individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. One healthy site was sampled in each of 20 periodontally healthy subjects, and one sulcus/pocket of ≤3, 4 to 5, and ≥6 mm was sampled in each of 20 subjects with chronic periodontitis. The significance of differences in counts and proportions of individual species at the seven successive samplings for each probing depth (PD) category was determined using the Kruskal‐Wallis test. The reproducibility of species proportions at each PD category was measured using the coefficient of variation (CV), and the consistency of microbial profiles across samples was examined using the minimum similarity coefficient.Results: There was no significant difference in the mean proportions of the 40 test species in the seven successive samples in each of the four PD categories. The median CV for individual species in the same site was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.82) compared to 1.76 (95% CI: 1.69 to 1.82) in samples from different sites. The within‐site mean minimum similarity coefficient (± SEM) was 51.2% ± 2.2%, and it was 27.9% ± 0.3% between sites.Conclusion: The proportions of species remained consistent in successive curet samples, indicating that the use of curets provided a reliable and reproducible method to obtain subgingival samples.
Renal Alterations in Prediabetic Rats With Periodontitis
Authors: Pontes Andersen Carla C. , Holmstrup Palle , Buschard Karsten , Flyvbjerg Allan 
Published: April 2008

Background: Periodontitis was shown to have an impact on glucose levels in prediabetic and diabetic rats. The Zucker fatty rat (ZFR) is a well‐characterized model of prediabetes presenting with impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and moderate hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether periodontitis influences kidney changes in ZFRs.Methods: Male adult ZFRs (N = 19) and their lean littermates (N = 18) were studied. Periodontitis was induced with ligatures in half of the ZFRs and lean rats, whereas the other half served as controls. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys, liver, and heart were removed and weighed. Kidneys were evaluated histologically for glomerular volume and renal mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2, transforming growth factor‐beta, connective tissue growth factor, collagen IVα1, fibronectin, and nephrin. Urinary albumin excretion and creatinine clearance were also evaluated.Results: In prediabetic ZFRs, periodontitis was associated with kidney hypertrophy (P = 0.03) and a tendency for increased glomerular volume (P = 0.06). In lean littermates, elevated fibronectin mRNA levels (P = 0.03) were noted in the presence of periodontitis.Conclusion: Our findings suggest the participation of periodontitis in the development of early renal changes in ZFRs.