bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grundlagen des semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzeptes und seine Anwendung in der DIN 1053‐100
Authors: Schermer Detleff 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie wesentlichsten Änderungen in der Norm DIN 1053‐100 (2006), die dem Anwender direkt ins Auge fallen, betreffen das Sicherheitskonzept. Obwohl das Teilsicherheitskonzept im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau – z. B. im Bereich des Stahlbaus oder auch im Stahlbetonbau – schon seit längerem Grundlage der einschlägigen Vorschriften ist, stellt es für den Mauerwerksbau einen entscheidenden Einschnitt und eine wesentliche Veränderung dar. Insbesondere aus der Tatsache, daß durch eine unterschiedliche Belegung von horizontalen und damit Biegung erzeugenden veränderlichen Einwirkungen im Vergleich zu ständigen, Druck erzeugenden und damit rückdrehenden Einwirkungen, im Vergleich zu der Vorgehensweise mit globalem Sicherheitskonzept in DIN 1053‐1 (1996), neue Kombinationen und Bemessungssituationen möglich werden, ergeben sich für den Mauerwerksbau wichtige Herausforderungen. Diese begründen sich in diesem Fall aus den ungünstigeren rechnerischen Exzentrizitäten in Kombination mit dem Fehlen von Zugfestigkeiten senkrecht zur Lagerfuge, wodurch sich infolge reduzierter Überdrückungsflächen ungünstigere Spannungs‐ und Dehnungsverteilungen im Querschnitt ergeben. Inwieweit diese Änderungen bemessungsrelevant werden, ist jeweils im Einzelfall zu bestimmen.
Vereinfachtes Berechnungsverfahren nach DIN 1053‐100
Authors: Schlundt Andreas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDas vereinfachte Berechnungsverfahren konnte in DIN 1053‐100 in seiner Einfachheit erhalten werden. Mauerwerk kann damit auch nach dem Teilsicherheitskonzept wie bisher mit dem globalen Sicherheitskonzept nach DIN 1053‐1 in der Praxis schnell und mit geringem Aufwand nachgewiesen werden, ohne daß eine aufwendige Schnittgrößenermittlung mit allen maßgebenden Lastfallkombinationen erforderlich wird. Die Anwendungsvoraussetzungen für die vereinfachte Bemessung sind die gleichen wie bisher. Bei der Umstellung auf das Teilsicherheitskonzept wurden die Nachweise modifiziert und auf Kräfte als nachzuweisende Größe anstelle der bisher üblichen Spannungen umgestellt. Auf der Grundlage ausführlicher Parameterstudien und theoretischer Untersuchungen konnte zudem eine Anpassung an den heutigen Stand der Technik vorgenommen werden. Der Beitrag stellt das vereinfachte Berechnungsverfahren insgesamt vor und informiert über neu aufgenommene Regelungen und deren Grundlagen.
Nachweis von Kellerwänden nach DIN 1053‐100
Authors: Vassilev Todor , Jäger Wolfram 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMit der Einführung des neuen Sicherheitskonzeptes ist auch der vereinfachte Nachweis für Kellerwände konsequent umgestellt worden. Der Hintergrund der Grenzlastkriterien und die Zusammenhänge werden erläutert. Es folgen Analysen und Hinweise zu statisch‐konstruktiven Maßnahmen, wenn in bestimmten Situationen ein Nachweis nicht geführt werden kann. Zur Frage des Erddruckes wird Stellung genommen, und die bisherigen Grundlagen dazu werden in Erinnerung gebracht.
Seniorengerechtes Bauen als Herausforderung für die Sozial‐ und Wohnungspolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Rast Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInsgesamt 23 Verbände der Bau‐ und Wohnungswirtschaft sowie die IG BAU haben sich seit Ende 2005 in der Aktion “Impulse für den Wohnungsbau” zusammengeschlossen. Gemeinsam haben sie ein Positionspapier unter dem Titel “Seniorengerechtes Bauen als Herausforderung für die Sozial‐ und Wohnungspolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland” herausgegeben.
Passivhäuser aus Kalksandstein – energetisch hochwertig
Authors: Schulze Darup Burkhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperten und Branchenkenner schätzen, daß im Jahr 2010 etwa jedes fünfte Haus in Passivhausbauweise entstehen wird. Zwei Faktoren spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle: Zum einen wird der Bau energiesparender Gebäude gefördert, zum anderen steigen die Heizkosten und somit die Unterhaltskosten von Jahr zu Jahr weiter an. Ferner ist davon auszugehen, daß die Energiekostensteigerungen in zum Teil schmerzhaften Sprüngen stattfinden werden. Die beste Versicherung dagegen ist frühzeitiges Investieren in Energieeffizienz und regenerative Energieversorgung – zum Beispiel durch den Bau eines massiven Passivhauses aus Kalksandstein.
Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with impaired fasting glucose: the 100 versus 110 mg/dL threshold
Authors: Andreozzi Francesco , Succurro Elena , Mancuso Maria Rosaria , Perticone Maria , Sciacqua Angela , Perticone Francesco , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundIn 2003, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) established a new cutoff for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) by reducing it from 110 to 100 mg/dL. This change was challenged as to its appropriateness. A few studies have examined the impact of the ADA2003 threshold of IFG on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsWe examined whether metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory biomarkers, differ in subjects with the new ADA2003 threshold of IFG (IGF100) as compared with subjects with the old ADA1997 threshold of IFG (IFG110) in a cohort of 946 nondiabetic Italian Caucasians (fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL).ResultsAs compared with normal fasting glucose (NFG), subjects with IFG100 and IFG110 had higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting and 2‐h post‐challenge plasma glucose, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, and lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I). In a logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender, IFG110 was associated with higher risk of post‐challenge glucose intolerance as compared with IFG100. As compared with IFG100, subjects with IFG110 have significantly lower levels of circulating IGF‐I. As compared with NFG, IFG110, but not IFG100, showed a significant association with increased levels of inflammatory markers including white blood cell count (WBCC), and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Both CRP and WBCC were correlated with 2‐h plasma glucose but not with fasting plasma glucose (FPG).ConclusionsThe data show that IFG110 is associated with a worse metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile as compared with IFG100. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BAX contributes to Doppel‐induced apoptosis of prion‐protein–deficient Purkinje cells
Authors: Heitz S. , Lutz Y. , Rodeau J.‐L. , Zanjani H. , Gautheron V. , Bombarde G. , Richard F. , Fuchs J.‐P. , Vogel M. W. , Mariani J. , Bailly Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResearch efforts to deduce the function of the prion protein (PrPc) in knock‐out mouse mutants have revealed that large deletions in the PrPc genome result in the ectopic neuronal expression of the prion‐like protein Doppel (Dpl). In our analysis of one such line of mutant mice, Ngsk Prnp0/0 (NP0/0), we demonstrate that the ectopic expression of Dpl in brain neurons induces significant levels of cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) death as early as six months after birth. To investigate the involvement of the mitochondrial proapoptotic factor BAX in the Dpl‐induced apoptosis of PCs, we have analyzed the progression of PC death in aging NP0/0:Bax−/− double knockout mutants. Quantitative analysis of cell numbers showed that significantly more PCs survived in NP0/0:Bax−/− double mutants than in the NP0/0:Bax+/+ mutants. However, PC numbers were not restored to wildtype levels or to the increased number of PCs observed in Bax−/− mutants. The partial rescue of NP0/0 PCs suggests that the ectopic expression of Dpl induces both BAX‐dependent and BAX‐independent pathways of cell death. The activation of glial cells that is shown to be associated topographically with Dpl‐induced PC death in the NP0/0:Bax+/+ mutants is abolished by the loss of Bax expression in the double mutant mice, suggesting that chronic inflammation is an indirect consequence of Dpl‐induced PC death. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Consideration of optimum resistance values of MTJ in multilayered MRAM with various detection methods
Authors: Horiguchi Fumio , Yoda Hiroaki , Tahara Shuichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor each case of current and voltage detection in series connections, and current and voltage in parallel connections in the multi‐layered structure of a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) cell having two serially connected magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) layers, first, we demonstrate the existence of an optimum value for the weighting coefficientkof the resistance, the voltage dependence, and the dependence on the magnetic resistance (MR) of the MTJ. Therefore, to optimize the signal margin in multiple layers, the ability to detect series connections with high sensitivity up to an MR ratio of 1 is demonstrated quantitatively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(3): 42–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20265
Evaluation method of high‐permittivity materials in microwave region using coplanar waveguide
Authors: Tsuji Masatoshi , Tsuda Shotaro , Nishikawa Toshio , Wakino Kikuo , Kitazawa Toshihide 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel evaluation method for dielectric characteristics of ceramic substrates made of high‐permittivity material, (Ba, Sr)TiO3(BST), in the microwave region. The dielectric characteristics are obtained accurately and simply by measuring S‐parameter and by full‐wave analysis for coplanar waveguide (CPW) composed on the substrate. Only the measurement ofS21response of the CPW is required for evaluation. The effective permittivity (εeff) and attenuation constant (α) are calculated from theS21data. Relative permittivity (εr) and tanδ of substrate material are estimated by relating the εeffand α quantitatively with their simulated values calculated by the Extended Spectral Domain Approach (ESDA) taking the thickness effect of the conductor into consideration. Three kinds of BST substrates with different Ba to Sr ratios were measured as test samples. The estimated εr's of Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3, Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3were 662, 1650, and 4450, respectively. These εr's decrease slightly as the frequency increases. The estimated errors for the εr's are estimated to be less than 0.3%. This method is useful for the evaluation even of a small variation of dielectric constant in high‐permittivity materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(3): 17–25, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20296
Complex‐valued multidirectional associative memory
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Yamazaki Haruaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHopfield model is a representative associative memory. It was improved to Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) by Kosko and to Multidirectional Associative Memory (MAM) by Hagiwara. They have two layers or multilayers. Since they have symmetric connections between layers, they ensure convergence. MAM can deal with multiples of many patterns, such as (x1,x2,…), wherexmis the pattern on layerm. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Noest, Hirose, and Nemoto proposed complex‐value Hopfield model. Lee proposed complex‐valued Bidirectional Associative Memory. Zemel proved the rotation invariance of complex‐valued Hopfield model. It means that the rotated pattern in also stored.In this paper, the complex‐valued Multidirectional Associative Memory is proposed. The rotation invariance is also proved. Moreover it is shown by computer simulation that the differences of angles of given patterns are automatically reduced.At first we define complex‐valued Multidirectional Associative Memory. Then we define the energy function of network. With the energy function, we prove that the network ensures convergence.Next, we define the learning law and show the characteristic of recall process. The characteristic means that the differences of angles of given patterns are automatically reduced. Especially we prove the following theorem. In the case that only a multiple of patterns is stored, if patterns with different angles are given to each layer, the differences are automatically reduced.Finally, we investigate whether the differences of angles influence the noise robustness. It is found to reduce the noise robustness, because the input to each layer becomes small. We show this by computer simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 39–45, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20387
Characteristics of PM synchronous motor drives with a trapezoidal EMF
Authors: Yonezawa Hiroyuki , Taniguchi Katsunori , Morizane Toshimitsu , Kimura Noriyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with nonsinusoidal electromotive force (EMF) generates torque ripple even if the sinusoidal PWM inverter drives the PMSM. A new modified trapezoidal modulating signal for PWM inverter suitable for PMSM drive with nonsinusoidal EMF is proposed in this paper. A new modulating signal for the PMSM drive is determined by the condition of reducing torque ripple of the motor with various trapezoidal EMF. When the PWM inverter using modified trapezoidal modulating signal drives the PMSM having a nonsinusoidal EMF, the torque ripple of the motor can be reduced, the DC link voltage utilization is improved, and reduction of switching loss can be obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 62–71, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20441
Synthesis and Reactions of Stannole Anions
Authors: Haga Ryuta , Saito Masaichi , Yoshioka Michikazu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of stannole anions bearing various substituents on the tin atom is described. The reduction of hexaphenylstannole by the proper amount of lithium gave 1,2,3,4,5‐pentaphenylstannole anion 1. The reaction of 1 with 1,n‐dihaloalkanes (n = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6) gave the corresponding 1,n‐bis(1‐stannacyclopentadien‐1‐yl)alkanes. In contrast, the reaction of 1 with 1,2‐dihaloalkanes gave the 1,1′‐bistannole. The reactions of stannole dianion 3 with an equimolar amount of bulky alkyl, aryl, silyl, and stannyl halides gave the corresponding stannole anions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Molecular Ice with Hybrid Water–Bromide Network around a Cryptand with a Bromide Ion Included in the Cavity to Form a Host‐within‐a‐Host‐Like Structure
Authors: Das Madhab C. , Bharadwaj Parimal K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new mode of association of water molecules is described. Adamantanoid water clusters bonded to bromide ions as well as other water molecules form a cage within which bromide‐encapsulated aza cryptands reside to form a host‐within‐a‐host‐like structure. The structure of this adamantanoid water decamer is remarkably similar to that of cubic ice (Ic). The average O···O distance is 2.78 Å, which is close to 2.75 Å present in Ic, and the average O···O···O angle of 109.40° is also close to the tetrahedral angle in ice Ic.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensors for Chiral Carboxylates Based on Calix[4]arenes Bearing an L‐Tryptophan Unit
Authors: Qing Guang‐yan , He Yong‐bing , Wang Feng , Qin Hai‐juan , Hu Chen‐guang , Yang Xi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐armed chiral calix[4]arenes (3a–c) functionalized at the lower ring with L‐tryptophan units have been prepared and the structures of these receptors characterized by IR, MS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The enantioselective recognition of these receptors has been studied by fluorescence titration and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The receptors exhibited different chiral recognition abilities towards some enantiomers of chiral materials and formed 1:1 complexes between host and guest. Receptor 3a exhibits excellent enantioselective fluorescent recognition ability towards the N‐Boc‐protected alanine anion and 3b reveals good enantioselective recognition ability towards the enantiomers of mandelate.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Crystalline‐State Conformational Analysis of MαNP Esters, Powerful Resolution and Chiral 1H NMR Anisotropy Tools
Authors: Kuwahara Shunsuke , Naito Junpei , Yamamoto Yoko , Kasai Yusuke , Fujita Takuma , Noro Kazutoshi , Shimanuki Kumiko , Akagi Megumi , Watanabe Miwa , Matsumoto Takatoshi , Watanabe Masataka , Ichikawa Akio , Harada Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo compare the crystalline‐state conformations of MαNP acid esters with those existing in the solution state, X‐ray crystallographic analyses of 22 MαNP esters and two MαNP acids were carried out. It was found that all 27 conformers observed in the solid state have structures in which the 2‐CH3 group and the 2′‐H of the naphthyl group are synperiplanar and are almost always located in the same plane. In addition, the CH3–O7–C2–C1 moiety in all cases has an antiperiplanar structure within the MαNP plane. From further analyses, 22 conformers adopt the so‐called syn structure, in which the O7–C2–C1–O6 moiety is synperiplanar. On the other hand, the remaining five conformers have the so‐called anti structure. With regard to the rotational conformation around C1″–O5, all conformers have structures similar to the synperiplanar conformation. In the so‐called syn conformers, the interatomic distance d(H8′–O6) is distributed between 2.48 Å and 2.96 Å, while the distance d(H8′–O7) varies between 2.26 Å and 2.56 Å, indicating the weak bifurcated hydrogen bond between O6–H8′–O7 as the intramolecular stabilizing force. The crystalline‐state conformations of MαNP esters are thus similar to those in solution as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, implying that the intramolecular forces make a dominant contribution to the conformations of MαNP esters. The X‐ray crystallographic analyses of MαNP acids indicated that the O6–H(acid)–O7 bifurcated hydrogen bond also serves as an intermolecular force to stabilize the so‐called syn conformation. A similar bifurcated hydrogen bond [O6–H(alcohol)–O7] was observed in a MαNP ester containing a tertiary alcohol group. It should be emphasized that despite the existence of the so‐called syn and anti conformations in the crystalline state, the absolute configurations of all MαNP esters determined here by X‐ray crystallography all agree with those obtained by the 1H NMR anisotropy method.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Bending without breaking: examining the role of attitudinal ambivalence in resisting persuasive communication
Authors: Cavazza Nicoletta , Butera Fabrizio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present research aims at showing that ambivalence may serve an adaptive function: to preserve attitudes and to resist persuasion. In two experiments, participants were exposed to a counter‐attitudinal message attributed to an ingroup majority. Results of both experiments showed that individuals high in ambivalence changed toward the source more than individuals low in ambivalence at the direct level, while at the indirect level––where the link between attitudes and the source's message is less apparent––individuals low in ambivalence changed toward the source more than individuals high in ambivalence. Experiment 2 also showed that this effect is particularly true for high self‐monitoring participants, thereby supporting a motivational interpretation of the effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytogenetic investigation on leukocytes of workers exposed to metallic mercury
Authors: Verschaeve L. , Tassignon J.‐P. , Lefevre M. , De Stoop P. , Susanne C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA cytogenetic analysis was performed in 28 mercury‐exposed subjects as well as eight control subjects from the same chloralkali plant and in 12 healthy controls from the “general population.” No chromosomal effects could be demonstrated in the mercury‐exposed population in comparison with both control groups. Also no effect of smoking was observed. From the study it seems obvious that mercury, although it is capable of producing chromosomal damage even at low exposure levels, will not be harmful in this respect when adequate protection measures are taken.
Substrate‐specificity of uvr excision repair
Authors: Murray Michael L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe substrate specificity of the uvr endonuclease, the product of the uvrA, urvB, and uvrC genes is reviewed. It is suggested that the relatively well‐defined substrate specificity of this repair enzyme is useful as a guide in determining the nature of the DNA‐lesion caused by a given mutagen.
Effects of epoxide hydratase inhibitors in forward and reversion bacterial mutagenesis assay systems
Authors: Guest Derek , Dent John G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCyclohexene oxide (CCHO) and 1,1,1‐trichloropropene‐2,3‐oxide (TCPO) are inhibitors of epoxide hydratase and have been used in studies of the mechanisms of mutagenesis in bacterial mutagenesis assays. The present studies were designed to investigate the mutagenic activity of CCHO and TCPO in Salmonella typhimurium employing the Ames histidine‐reversion assays (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538) and a forward mutation assay that uses 8‐azaguanine resistance in TM677 as the genetic marker. In the reverse mutation assay, TCPO (10−3 M) produced a mutagenic response in strains TA100 and TA1535 in the absence or presence of a rat liver metabolizing system (S9), indicating that TCPO causes base‐pair substitution mutations. CCHO (10−3 M) showed a slight but significant mutagenic effect in strain TA100, with or without S9 and, in strain TA1535, only in the absence of S9. In the forward assay, TCPO was a strong mutagen at concentrations above 5 × 10−5 M and was toxic to the bacteria. The mutagenic and toxic effects of TCPO were slightly reduced in the presence of the S9 preparation, suggesting that the epoxide may be metabolized by the microsomal enzymes. In the forward assay, CCHO showed no mutagenic activity but some toxicity at 3 × 10−3 M. When epoxide hydratase activity was measured under the conditions of the forward mutation assay, 85% inhibition of activity was observed at 10−3 M TCPO, a concentration that caused a 45‐fold increase in the mutation frequency. CCHO (3 × 10−3 M) produced a 55% inhibition of epoxide hydratase activity without exhibiting mutagenic effects in TM677. These results indicate that CCHO should be employed in preference to TCPO when inhibition of epoxide hydratase activity is required in bacterial mutagenesis studies.
Sex‐related differences in cytogenetic effects of benzene in the bone marrow of swiss mice
Authors: Meyne Julianne , Legator M. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo routes of administration ‐ intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage ‐ and two methods of analysis ‐ direct metaphase preparations and the micronucleus test ‐ were used to investigate the cytogenetic effects of benzene exposure in the bone marrow of female and male Swiss (CD‐1) mice. The males demonstrated higher mean frequencies of metaphase aberrations and micronuclei after both routes of administration. The frequencies of metaphase aberrations appeared to be sex‐related and independent of the route of exposure, however, while the frequencies of micronuclei appeared to be dependent upon both the sex of the animals and the route of administration.