bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendelian Randomization Highlights Gut Microbiota of Short-chain Fatty
Acids’ Producer as Protective Factor of Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Luo Shihang , Mao Rui , Li Yi 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Recent research advancements have indicated a potential association
between gut microbiota and cerebrovascular diseases, although the precise causative pathways
and the directionality of this association remain to be fully elucidated.

Objective:
This study utilized a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) methodology
to explore the causal impact of gut microbiota compositions on the risk of cerebrovascular
disease.

Methods:
Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) data pertaining to gut microbiota were obtained
from the MiBioGen consortium. For Ischemic Stroke (IS), Transient Ischemic Attack
(TIA), Vascular Dementia (VD), and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), GWAS summary data
were sourced from the FinnGen consortium, the IEU Open GWAS project, and the GWAS catalog,
respectively.

Results:
Our MR analyses identified that specific bacterial strains, notably those involved in the
production of Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), including Barnesiella, Ruminococcus torques
group, and Coprobacter, serve as protective factors against IS, TIA, and SAH. Linkage Disequilibrium
Score Regression (LDSC) analysis corroborated a significant genetic correlation between
these gut microbiota strains and various forms of cerebrovascular disease. In contrast, reverse
MR analysis failed to establish a bidirectional causal relationship between genetically inferred
gut microbiota profiles and these cerebrovascular conditions.

Conclusion:
This investigation has pinpointed particular strains of gut microbiota that play protective
or detrimental roles in cerebrovascular disease pathogenesis. These findings offer valuable
insights that could be pivotal for the clinical management, prevention, and treatment of cerebrovascular
diseases.
Relationship between Body Composition and Gait Characteristics in
Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Xie Hongyang , Xia Zhenxi , Xia Cuiqiao , Zhang Nan , Ding Yu , Zhao Hongyi , Huang Yonghua 
Published: March 2024

Background:
This study aims to explore the correlation between body composition,
encompassing factors such as muscle mass and fat distribution, and gait performance during both
single-task walking (STW) and dual-task walking (DTW) in patients diagnosed with cerebral
small vessel disease (CSVD).

Methods:
The data of hospitalized patients diagnosed with CSVD, including cadence, stride
time, velocity and stride length, as well as information on variability, asymmetry and coordination
during both STW and DTW, were assessed. The number of falls reported by each participant
was also assessed.

Results:
A total of 95 CSVD patients were assessed, and the results showed that individuals with
low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), which includes both the low ASM group and the
combination of low ASM and high body fat (BF) group, had reduced velocity or cadence, shortened
stride length, and prolonged stride time across all walking modalities compared to the control
group. Only the combination of the low ASM and high BF group exhibited a deterioration in
the coefficient of variation (CV) for all basic parameters and the Phase Coordination Index (PCI)
compared to the control group across all walking patterns. Conversely, patients in the high BF
group displayed a decline in basic parameters, primarily during cognitive DTW. Concurrently,
the high BF group showed a significant increase in the CV and the PCI compared to the control
group only during cognitive DTW. Furthermore, regardless of gender, both ASM and BF independently
correlated with the occurrence of falls.

Conclusions:
CSVD patients with varying body compositions could allocate different levels of
attention to their daily walking routines.
The Evaluation of Clinical and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters of
Primary Lesion in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meng Shuang , Chen Lihua , Wang Nan , Liu Yunsong , Liu Ailian 
Published: March 2024

Background::
In the realm of cancer studies,the differences among the biological behavior of oligometastatic prostate cancer (OPCa), localized prostate cancer
(LPCa), and widely prostate cancer (WPCa) are still unclear.

Objectives::
The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters of tumor burden in OPCa. In addition, the
correlation between clinical and IVIM parameters and the prostate-specific antigen nadir (PSAN) and time to nadir (TTN) during initial androgen
deprivation therapy (ADT) in OPCa was explored. It was found that the IVIM parameters could effectively differentiate LPCa and WPCa, as well
as LPCa and OPC. Moreover, Gleason score (GS) was positively correlated with PSAN, while prostate volume was positively correlated with
TTN.

Methods::
About 54 patients were included in this retrospective study (mean age=74±7.4 years). ADC, D, D*, and f were acquired according to the
biexponential Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) model. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the differences in clinical and IVIM parameters
among the three groups. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discrimination abilities. The Area Under the
Curve (AUC) was compared using the DeLong test. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between
clinical and IVIM parameters of PSAN and TTN during initial ADT with OPCa.

Results::
There were significant differences among the three groups observed for age, PSA, GS, ADC, D and D* values (P<0.05). Multi-parameter pairwise
comparison results showed that significant differences between LPCa and WPCa were observed for the age, PSA, GS, ADC, D and D* values
(P<0.05). However, D* was different between the LPCa and OPCa groups (P=0.032). GS showed a significant positive correlation with PSAN
(Rho=0.594, P=0.042), and prostate volume showed a significant positive correlation with TTN (Rho=0.777, P=0.003).

Conclusions::
The IVIM parameters can effectively differentiate LPCa and WPCa, as well as LPCa and OPCa. Moreover, there was a certain trend in their
distribution, which could reflect the tumor burden of PCa.
Performance of the Iterative OSEM and HYPER Algorithm for Total-body PET
at SUVmax with a Low 18F-FDG Activity, a Short Acquisition Time and Small
Lesions
Authors: Zan Keyu , Duan Yanhua , Zhao Minjie , Li Hui , Cui Xiao , Chai Leiying , Cheng Zhaoping 
Published: March 2024

Objective::
The primary objective of this comparative investigation was to examine the qualitative attributes of image reconstructions utilizing two distinct
algorithms, namely OSEM and HYPER Iterative, in total-body 18F- FDG PET/CT under various acquisition durations and injection activities.

Methods::
An initial assessment was executed using a NEMA phantom to compare image quality engendered by OSEM and HYPER Iterative algorithms.
Parameters such as BV, COV, and CRC were meticulously evaluated. Subsequently, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients,
employing both reconstruction algorithms. The study was compartmentalized into distinct acquisition time and dosage groups. Lesions were
further categorized into three size-based groups. Quantifiable metrics including SD of noise, SUVmax, SNR, and TBR were computed. Additionally,
the differences in values, namely ΔSUVmax, ΔTBR, %ΔSUVmax, %ΔSD, and %ΔSNR, between OSEM and HYPER Iterative algorithms were also
calculated.

Results::
The HYPER Iterative algorithm showed reduced BV and COV compared to OSEM in the phantom study, with constant acquisition time. In the
clinical study, lesion SUVmax, TBR, and SNR were significantly elevated in images reconstructed using the HYPER Iterative algorithm in
comparison to those generated by OSEM (p < 0.001). Furthermore, an amplified increase in SUVmax was predominantly discernible in lesions with
dimensions less than 10 mm. Metrics such as %ΔSNR and %ΔSD in HYPER Iterative exhibited improvements correlating with reduced
acquisition times and dosages, wherein a more pronounced degree of enhancement was observable in both ΔSUVmax and ΔTBR.

Conclusion::
The HYPER Iterative algorithm significantly improves SUVmax and reduces noise level, with particular efficacy in lesions measuring ≤ 10 mm and
under conditions of abbreviated acquisition times and lower dosages.
Application of a Green Deep Eutectic Solvent for Preconcentration and
Determination of Copper and Cadmium in Food, Cosmetic, and Water
Samples
Authors: Haghgoo Qezelje Hamidreza , Rajabi Maryam , Parsa Erfan , Ghanbari Adivi Sayeh , Shahi Mehrnaz , Asghari Alireza , Bazregar Mohammad , Hosseini-Bandegharaei Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

Background::
Determination of environmental pollutants is important due to their harmful
effects on the health of living organisms. However, direct measurement of many of these pollutants
is not possible due to their low concentrations, which necessitates the need for sample preparation
methods. One of the rapid and simple sample preparation methods is the Air-Agitated Liquid-Liquid
Microextraction (AALLME) method, which requires toxic organic solvents that can lead to environmental
pollution. Therefore, finding green solvents like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) to replace
them can be investigated.

Methods::
A novel Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) was synthesized from a combination of choline
chloride and 2-phenylethanol with a molar ratio of 1:4, and it was examined using FT-IR analysis.
This solvent was used in an AALLME method for measuring copper and cadmium heavy metal ions
in complex real samples with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS).

Results::
The influential parameters of this method, such as solution pH (5.4), extraction cycles (12),
and extraction solvent volume (440 μL), were optimized utilizing central composite design (CCD).
Underneath the optimized circumstances, the detection limits for Cu2+ and Cd2+ were 0.14 and 0.09
ng mL-1, and the linear dynamic range was 0.47-50.0 and 0.32-22.5 ng mL-1, respectively. The preconcentration
factors for these cations were 139.7 and 133.4, respectively.

Conclusion::
Combining this novel green solvent and rapid sample preparation method for the preconcentration
and determination of the studied heavy metal ions has shown promising results in
terms of enrichment factors and detection limit values.
Current Concepts in the Molecular Mechanisms and Management of
Diabetic Neuropathy by Pharmacotherapeutics and Natural Compounds
Authors: Shivam  , Gupta Asheesh Kumar , Kumar Sushil 
Published: March 2024

:
One of the most crippling effects of diabetes mellitus is diabetic neuropathy, which can
cause discomfort, loss of movement, and even amputation. Diabetic neuropathy manifests in a variety
of ways, ranging from pain to death. Diagnosing diabetic neuropathy can be challenging since
it often goes unnoticed for many years following the onset of diabetes. In addition to oxidative
stress in neurons, hyperglycemia activates a number of metabolic pathways that are important
sources of damage and possible targets for treatment in diabetic neuropathy. Downstream metabolic
cascades caused by prolonged hyperglycemia include activation of protein kinase C, increased
production of advanced glycation end products, excessive release of cytokines, increased oxidative
stress, and injury to peripheral nerves. Despite the fact that these metabolic anomalies are considered
the main cause of diabetes-related microvascular issues, the diverse mechanistic processes of
neuropathy are characterized by organ-specific histological and biochemical features. Although the
symptoms of diabetic neuropathy can be treated, there are few options to correct the underlying
problem. Diabetic neuropathy exerts a tremendous financial, psychological, and physical burden on
society, emphasizing the need for efficient and focused treatment. The major goal of this review is
to shed light on the multiple mechanisms and pathways that contribute to the onset of diabetic neuropathy
and to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of emerging therapeutic strategies
to postpone or reverse various forms of diabetic neuropathy. The article discusses available
medications and provides the latest guidelines for the treatment of pain and distal symmetric polyneuropathy,
including diabetic autonomic neuropathy, which may help the patients control pain
well and assess alternatives for treatment that might be more successful in preventing or delaying
the course of a disease.
Nanomedicine: A New Frontier in Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Targeting
Authors: Pathak Kalyani , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Saikia Riya , Pathak Manash Pratim , Sahariah Jon Jyoti , Kalita Parimita , Das Aparoop , Islam Md Ariful , Pramanik Pallab , Tayeng Dubom , Abdel-Wahab Basel A. 
Published: March 2024

:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly individuals,
characterized by progressive cognitive decline leading to dementia. This review examines
the challenges posed by anatomical and biochemical barriers such as the blood-brain barrier
(BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and p-glycoproteins in delivering effective
therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) for AD treatment.

:
This article outlines the fundamental role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and
NMDA(N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) receptor antagonists in conventional AD therapy and highlights
their limitations in terms of brain-specific delivery. It delves into the intricacies of BBB and pglycoprotein-
mediated efflux mechanisms that impede drug transport to the CNS. The review further
discusses cutting-edge nanomedicine-based strategies, detailing their composition and mechanisms
that enable effective bypassing of BBB and enhancing drug accumulation in brain tissues.

:
Conventional therapies, namely AChEIs and NMDA receptor antagonists, have shown limited efficacy
and are hindered by suboptimal brain penetration. The advent of nanotechnology-driven therapeutic
delivery systems offers promising strategies to enhance CNS targeting and bioavailability,
thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional treatments.

:
Various nanomedicines, encompassing polymeric and metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLNs), liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, and carbon nanotubes, have
been investigated for their potential in delivering anti-AD agents like AChEIs, polyphenols, curcumin,
and resveratrol. These nanocarriers exhibit the ability to traverse the BBB and deliver therapeutic payloads
to the brain, thereby holding immense potential for effective AD treatment and early diagnostic
approaches. Notably, nanocarriers loaded with AChEIs have shown promising results in preclinical
studies, exhibiting improved therapeutic efficacy and sustained release profiles.

:
This review underscores the urgency of innovative drug delivery approaches to overcome barriers
in AD therapy. Nanomedicine-based solutions offer a promising avenue for achieving effective
CNS targeting, enabling enhanced bioavailability and sustained therapeutic effects. As ongoing research
continues to elucidate the complexities of CNS drug delivery, these advancements hold
great potential for revolutionizing AD treatment and diagnosis.
CHRESTOMATY OF THE TREATMENT OF INGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: Куравська Юлія Сергіївна , Honchar M.G. , Kuchirka Y.M. , Melnyk I.V. , Churpiy I.K. , Fedoryka R.Ya. , Mishchuk V.V. , Dyakiv M.V. 
Published: March 2024

Хірургічне лікування пахвинних гриж на сьогодні не має альтернативи. Операції з цього приводу за частотою посідають перше місце серед планових хірургічних втручань як у нашій країні, так і за кордоном. Це зумовлює медичну й соціальну значущість проблеми.
У статті проведений історичний екскурс розвитку лікування пахових гриж, починаючи з древніх часів і до сьогодення.
Підсумок досягнень медицини в лікуванні гриж схематично окреслив Оганес Зардарян (2019):

Авіцена, який жив приблизно на початку ХI століття, запропонував застосовувати аускультацію для диференціальної діагностики грижі й гідроцеле.
Уільям Саличет, який жив в 1250 році, був прихильником збереження яєчка при герніотомії.
Роланд з Парми у 1383 році запропонував вправляти защемлені грижі хворим лежачи на спині з незначно піднятим догори тазом.
Гай де Шауляк, який проживав у XIV столітті, автор книги «Chirugia Magna», помітив різницю між пахвинною і стегновою грижами. Він, так само як і Роланд, вірив у ручне вправлення грижі в положенні Тренделенбурга.
Габріель Фаллопій – відомий анатом, який вивчав жіночу статеву систему і описав фаллопієві труби, внаслідок спостережень відзначив високу розповсюдженість гриж у співаків і монахів.
Лоренц Гейстер, який проживав в Амстердамі у XVIII столітті, зробив перший опис прямої пахвинної грижі.
Петрус Кампер з Лейдена приблизно в той же час, що і Гейстер, описав ретельну хірургічну анатомію пахвинної грижі і поверхневий листок, який з передньої стінки безпосередньо переходить у відповідну фасцію стегна, промежини і в м’язову оболонку – фасція Кампера.
Франц Гессельбах описав зв’язку, яка отримала його ім’я, а також трикутник – місце виходу прямих пахвинних гриж.
У середині XIX століття брати Мейо запропонували спосіб операції пупкових гриж шляхом утворення дуплікатури апоневрозу в горизонтальному напрямку.
У той же час український хірург Кирило Михайлович Сапежко запропонував свій метод створення дуплікатури у вертикальному напрямку з накладанням поодиноких, а не П-подібних швів.

Звичайно, це не повний перелік досягнень медицини за тисячоліття, але він дає певне уявлення про розвиток хірургії пахвинних гриж у світі.
Висновки.

Важливим етапом подальшого розвитку хірургії пахвинних гриж є експериментальна розробка і впровадження у клінічну практику синтетичних та алопластичних матеріалів, застосування яких дозволить значно знизити відсоток рецидивів.
На сучасному етапі хірургії гриж, починаючи з 80-х років ХХ століття, підхід до лікування став диференційованим у кожному конкретному випадку, а методикою алопластики пахових гриж, яка стала «золотим стандартом», володіють практично всі хірурги сьогодення.
PENGAKUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT BERDASARKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG- UNDANGAN
Authors: Aldi Muhammad , Putra Firmansyah 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana bentuk pengakuan dan perlindungan masyarakat hukum adat berdasarkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan republik indonesia. Adapun yang menjadi perumusan masalah dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah bagaimana pengaturan masyarakat hukum adat sistem hukum indonesia? Dan bagaimana Kedudukan Hukum (Legal Standing) Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Indonesia ? Metode penelitian penulisan skripisi ini adalah Penelitian Ini Merupakan Penelitian Yuridis Normatif yaitu penelitian terhadap norma-norma hukum, asas-asas hukum dan sistematika hukum yang berhubungan dengan sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini adalah negara mengakui eksistensi masyarakat hukum adat di negara republik indonesia, hal ini jelas tercantum didalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Lebih tepatnya tercantum didalam Pasal 18B Ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia. Namun sampai saat ini belum ada Undang-Undang yang secara khusus mengatur masyarakat hukum adat. Sehingga sampai saat ini entitas masyarakat hukum adat masih dalam keadaan yang belum jelas kedudukan hukumnya terutama di sistem tata hukum negara republik Indonesia. Dan persoalan pokok yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi perbincangan adalah mengenai peristilahan yang digunakan peraturan perundang-undangan untuk mendefinisikan masyarakat hukum adat yang belum mendapat penjelahan mengenai istilah masyarakat hukum adat tersebut. Masyarakat hukum adat selama ini belum dilindungi secara optimal oleh konstitusi republik indonesia. belum optimalnya pengakuan dan perlindungan masyarakat hukum adat ini mengakibatkan tidak tercapainya kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat hukum adat dan munculnya konflik di masyarakat hukum adat sehingga dapat menimbulkan ancaman stabillitas keamanan nasional.
Implementasi Pembentukan Peraturan DPRD Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018
Authors: Saputra M.Reza , Ansorullah Ansorullah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research aims 1) to find out and analyze the mechanism for forming DPRD Regulations in the Jambi Province DPRD after the enactment of Government Regulation Number 12 of 2018; 2) to find out and analyze the obstacles faced in the formation of Jambi Province DPRD regulations after the enactment of Government Regulation Number 12 of 2018. The research method used is empirical juridical research type. The results of the research show that the mechanism for forming DPRD regulations is based on Government Regulation Number 12 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Preparing DPRD Rules and Regulations, that the absence of a mechanism for forming DPRD Regulations in the Jambi Province DPRD Regulations has had knock-on impacts. Based on temporary observations, the Jambi Provincial DPRD has not yet drafted a DPRD Regulation on the Code of Ethics as mandated by Article 63 of Government Regulation Number 12 of 2018. All members of the Jambi Provincial DPRD understand their function as forming legal products for the Jambi Provincial DPRD, but not all members understand how to form and draft legal products for the Jambi Province DPRD. And all the preparation of legal products for the Jambi Province DPRD is assisted by expert staff.
Keywords: Implementation, Establishment of DPRD Regulations, and Provinsi Jambi.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mekanisme pembentukan Peraturan DPRD pada DPRD Provinsi Jambi sesudah berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018; 2) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembentukan peraturan DPRD Provinsi Jambi sesudah berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tipe penelitian yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pembentukan peraturan DPRD berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pedoman Penyusunan Tata Tertib DPRD bahwa tidak adanya pengaturan mekanisme pembentukan Peraturan DPRD dalam Peraturan DPRD Provinsi Jambi menimbulkan dampak ikutan. Berdasarkan pengamatan sementara, DPRD Provinsi Jambi sampai saat belum menyusun Peraturan DPRD tentang Kode Etik sebagaimana diamanatkan Pasal 63 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018 Semua anggota DPRD Provinsi Jambi mengerti tentang fungsinya sebagai pembentuk produk hukum DPRD Provinsi Jambi, tetapi tidak semua anggota paham bagaimana membentuk dan meyusun produk hukum DPRD Provinsi Jambi. Dan semua penyusunan produk hukum DPRD Provinsi Jambi dibantu oleh staf ahli.
Kata kunci: Implementasi, Pembentukan Peraturan Dprd, Provinsi Jambi.