bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of morphometric similarity networks in health and schizophrenia
Authors: Janssen Joost , Gallego Ana Guil , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M. , Lois Noemi González , Janssen Niels , González-Peñas Javier , Gordaliza Pedro M. , Buimer Elizabeth E.L. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Arango Celso , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Schnack Hugo G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionMorphometric similarity is a recently developed neuroimaging phenotype of inter-regional connectivity by quantifying the similarity of a region to other regions based on multiple MRI parameters. Altered average morphometric similarity has been reported in psychotic disorders at the group level, with considerable heterogeneity across individuals. We used normative modeling to address cross-sectional and longitudinal inter-individual heterogeneity of morphometric similarity in health and schizophrenia.MethodsMorphometric similarity for 62 cortical regions was obtained from baseline and follow-up T1-weighted scans of healthy individuals and patients with chronic schizophrenia. Cortical regions were classified into seven predefined brain functional networks. Using Bayesian Linear Regression and taking into account age, sex, image quality and scanner, we trained and validated normative models in healthy controls from eleven datasets (n = 4310). Individual deviations from the norm (z-scores) in morphometric similarity were computed for each participant for each network and region at both timepoints. A z-score ≧ than 1.96 was considered supra-normal and a z-score ≦ -1.96 infra-normal. As a longitudinal metric, we calculated the change over time of the total number of infra- or supra-normal regions per participant.ResultsAt baseline, patients with schizophrenia had decreased morphometric similarity of the default mode network and increased morphometric similarity of the somatomotor network when compared with healthy controls. The percentage of patients with infra- or supra-normal values for any region at baseline and follow-up was low (<6%) and did not differ from healthy controls. Mean intra-group changes over time in the total number of infra- or supra-normal regions were small in schizophrenia and healthy control groups (<1) and there were no significant between-group differences.ConclusionsIn a case-control setting, a decrease of morphometric similarity within the default mode network may be a robust finding implicated in schizophrenia. However, normative modeling suggests that significant reductions and changes over time of regional morphometric similarity are evident only in a minority of patients.
Achieving Resilience in Aging: How Mitochondrial Modulation Drives Age-associated Fluconazole Tolerance inCryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Yoo Kyungyoon , Oliveira Natalia Kronbauer , Bhattacharya Somanon , Fries Bettina C. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTCryptococcus neoformans(Cn) is an opportunistic fungal microorganism that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis. During the infection, the microbial population is heterogeneously composed of cells with varying generational ages, with older cells accumulating during chronic infections. This is attributed to their enhanced resistance to phagocytic killing and tolerance of antifungals like fluconazole (FLC). In this study, we investigated the role of ergosterol synthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and mitochondrial metabolism in the regulation of age-dependent FLC tolerance. We find that oldCncells increase the production of ergosterol and exhibit upregulation of ABC transporters. Old cells also show transcriptional and phenotypic characteristics consistent with increased metabolic activity, leading to increased ATP production. This is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in mitochondrial fragmentation. This study demonstrates that the metabolic changes occurring in the mitochondria of old cells drive the increase in ergosterol synthesis and the upregulation of ABC transporters, leading to FLC tolerance.IMPORTANCEInfections caused byCryptococcus neoformanscause more than 180,000 deaths annually. Estimated one-year mortality for patients receiving care ranges from 20% in developed countries to 70% in developing countries, suggesting that current treatments are inadequate. Some fungal cells can persist and replicate despite the usage of current antifungal regimens, leading to death or treatment failure. In replicative aging, older cells display a resilient phenotype, characterized by their enhanced tolerance against antifungals and resistance to killing by host cells. This study shows that age-dependent increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species drive changes in ABC transporters and ergosterol synthesis, ultimately leading to the heightened tolerance against fluconazole in oldC. neoformanscells. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of this age-associated antifungal tolerance will enable more targeted antifungal therapies for cryptococcal infections.
Long Amplicon Nanopore Sequencing for Dual-TypingRdRpandVP1Genes of Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Wastewater
Authors: Scott G. , Ryder D. , Buckley M. , Hill R. , Treagus S. , Stapleton T. , Walker D. I. , Lowther J. , Batista F. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNoroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis across the globe with societal costs of US$60.3 billion per annum. Development of a long amplicon nanopore-based method for dual-typing theRNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp) and major structural protein (VP1) regions from a single RNA fragment could improve existing norovirus typing methods. Its application to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and environmental testing could enable the discovery of novel types and improve tracking throughout the population and into aquaculture and recreational water settings. Here, we develop and optimise such a method for wastewater as the sample matrix.Reverse transcription (RT), PCR and library pooling were optimised and a consensus-based bioinformatics pipeline was developed. Inhibitor removal and LunaScript® RT gave robust amplification of the ≈1000 bpRdRP+VP1amplicon. Platinum™ Taq polymerase showed good sensitivity and reduced levels non-specific amplification (NSA) when compared to other polymerases. Optimised PCR annealing temperatures significantly reduced NSA (51.3% and 42.4% for GI and GII), increased yield (86.5% for GII) and increased taxa richness (57.7%) for GII. Analysis of three NoV positive faecal samples showed 100% nucleotide similarity with Sanger sequencing.Eight GI genotypes, 11 polymerase types (p-types) and 13 combinations were detected in wastewater along with 4 GII genotypes, 4 p-types and 8 combinations; highlighting the diversity of norovirus taxa present in wastewater in England. The most common genotypes detected in clinical samples were all detected in wastewater while we also commonly detected several GI genotypes not reported in the clinical data. Application of this method into a WBE scheme, therefore, may allow for more accurate measurement of norovirus diversity within the population.
Telomere Length in Plants Estimated with Long Read Sequencing
Authors: Colt Kelly , Petrus Semar , Abramson Bradley W. , Mamerto Allen , Hartwick Nolan T. , Michael Todd P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTelomeres play an important role in chromosome stability and their length is thought to be related to an organism’s lifestyle and lifespan. Telomere length is variable across plant species and between cultivars of the same species, possibly conferring adaptive advantage. However, it is not known whether telomere length is related to lifestyle or life span across a diverse array of plant species due to the lack of information on telomere length in plants. Here we leverage genomes assembled with long read sequencing data to estimate telomere length by chromosome. We find that long read assemblies based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) accurately predict telomere length in the two model plant speciesArabidopsis thalianaandOryza sativamatching lab-based length estimates. We then estimate telomere length across an array of plant species with different lifestyles and lifespans and find that in general gymnosperms have shorter telomeres compared to eudicots and monocots. Crop species frequently have longer telomeres than their wild relatives, and species that have been maintained clonally such as hemp have long telomeres possibly reflecting that this lifestyle requires long term chromosomal stability.
Making things (that don’t exist) count: a study of Scope 4 emissions accounting claims
Authors: Young-Ferris Anna , Malik Arunima , Calderbank Victoria , Jacob-John Jubin 
Published: March 2024

PurposeAvoided emissions refer to greenhouse gas emission reductions that are a result of using a product or are emission removals due to a decision or an action. Although there is no uniform standard for calculating avoided emissions, market actors have started referring to avoided emissions as “Scope 4” emissions. By default, making a claim about Scope 4 emissions gives an appearance that this Scope of emissions is a natural extension of the existing and accepted Scope-based emissions accounting framework. The purpose of this study is to explore the implications of this assumed legitimacy.Design/methodology/approachVia a desktop review and interviews, we analyse extant Scope 4 company reporting, associated accounting methodologies and the practical implications of Scope 4 claims.FindingsUpon examination of Scope 4 emissions and their relationship with Scopes 1, 2 and 3 emissions, we highlight a dynamic and interdependent relationship between quantification, commensuration and standardization in emissions accounting. We find that extant Scope 4 assessments do not fit the established framework for Scope-based emissions accounting. In line with literature on the territorializing nature of accounting, we call for caution about Scope 4 claims that are a distraction from the critical work of reducing absolute emissions.Originality/valueWe examine the implications of assumed alignment and borrowed legitimacy of Scope 4 with Scope-based accounting because Scope 4 is not an actual Scope, but a claim to a Scope. This is as an act of accounting territorialization.
Embedding sustainable development goals in architectural education: a case study of Menoufia University 2023 graduation projects
Authors: El-Kholei Ahmed O. , Amer Ahmed S. , Yassein Ghada A. 
Published: March 2024

PurposeSustainable design is a new paradigm to localize sustainable development. The Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA) prepared guidelines for architectural projects to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using the theory of change, the Department of Architecture at Menofia University set the 2023 graduation project to explore the possibility of adopting sustainable design principles and integrating SDGs into architectural education. The paper documents and evaluates the experiment to drive best practices and lessons learned.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilized a mixed design strategy utilizing qualitative and quantitative techniques. It gathered data from various sources, including a student questionnaire and unstructured interviews with external examiners. Data analysis included frequency distribution and sentiment, content and thematic analyses. Triangulation is applied, combining data, investigator and methodological triangulation to enhance the paper’s validity.FindingsIntegrating SDGs into the 2023 graduation project contributed to students’ understanding of sustainable urban development. Students demonstrated varying receptiveness to guidelines, focusing mainly on the SDGs (1-5, 7, 8, 10 and 11). Gender equality and economic empowerment struck a chord with the mostly female students, acknowledging that securing well-paying jobs is a way to escape the cycle of poverty. Challenges included limited resources and time constraints, a scarcity of Arabic reading materials and misunderstandings among students and staff, thus prompting collaborative efforts beyond standard studio hours. Despite challenges, the initiative contributes to sustainable urban development, providing valuable lessons learned and insights.Originality/valueIntegrating sustainable design principles into architectural education is doable but involves a complex process requiring careful preparation. The value lies in the tangible impact on sustainable urban development, emphasizing the importance of incorporating sustainable development concepts throughout the architectural curriculum. The authors advocate for increased awareness and education among stakeholders and suggest areas for future research by exploring a broader implementation and assessing the long-term effects on students’ mindsets and practices. Sustainable development is a means toward community prosperity, and the inquiry highlights the collective responsibility of scholars, practitioners and students in shaping a better future.
Adaptive innovation and ethical dilemmas: a participatory action research study amongst cyclone-impacted households in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Santha Sunil D. , Sasidevan Devisha , Raman Atul , Ali Khadeeja Naja , Yoosuf Soofiya , Panda Deepankar , Shenoy Gauri 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis paper showcases how the PAR embedded in posthumanist perspectives enabled us to navigate several complexities in the field through methodological situatedness and pluralism. It also attempts to critically outline the drivers and barriers that shaped our capacities to engage with the PAR.Design/methodology/approachThe Tamil Nadu state in the Bay of Bengal along the southeast coast of India is one of the six regions in the world where severe tropical cyclones originate throughout the year. Storm surges in this region are well known for their destructive potential due to strong winds and heavy rainfall. This paper describes our participatory action research (PAR) journey towards strengthening grassroots action by providing access to safe and affordable housing for cyclone-impacted households (CIHs) in the Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. The PAR was guided by an adaptive innovation model (AIM) that draws inspiration from posthumanism, action research and reflective practice traditions.FindingsThe insights from the PAR insist that we must recognise and work with diverse knowledge systems and situated practices to develop meaningful disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate adaptation strategies. Our approach has to be rooted in the lived experiences of various vulnerable groups, their entanglements with nature and their everyday struggles of interacting with a complex social-ecological system.Originality/valueThis paper is an outcome of a PAR in a cyclone-impacted village in Tamil Nadu, India. The discussions and findings of the paper are original in nature and have not been published elsewhere.
The driving force: organizational resilience of OKKO network
Authors: Khomenko Olena 
Published: March 2024

Learning outcomes
After completion of the case study, the students would be able to identify and evaluate organizational culture as a critical element of organizational resilience and assess its fit to the business context, evaluate different elements of organizational resilience and their contribution to business adaptation and develop leadership approaches that help adapt and leverage organizational culture to foster individual, team and organizational resilience.

Case overview/synopsis
This teaching case covers topics of organizational leadership, including organizational culture and organizational resilience. This case study is appropriate for the postgraduate and executive education programmes. This case study covers the approach to organizational leadership and resilience of the OKKO, a Ukrainian retail petrol station network. The dilemmas considered by top managers of the company emerged in February–April 2022 amid the unfolding Russian invasion of Ukraine. The case study protagonists solved multiple business and organizational dilemmas to continue efficient business operations while allowing the organization to adapt to a complex and fast-changing environment. They leveraged a distinct corporate culture, strong employee engagement and established business processes and management practices to ensure the viability of the business.

Complexity academic level
This case study is appropriate for postgraduate and executive education programmes. The level of difficulty is light to medium. Recommended pre-requisites are understanding human resources management terminology and reviewing preparation materials. The case study is suitable for teaching courses in leadership, people management and organizational development that cover corporate culture, leadership and organizational resilience.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.
DealShare: Value Based Positioning in B2C Markets
Authors: Ranjani K.S. , Jha Sumi , Pandey Neeraj 
Published: March 2024

Learning outcomes
After reading this case study, the students will be able to identify the various choices available in social e-commerce using network marketing, interpret data-driven decisions in social e-commerce and evaluate their role in scaling business, analyse cost and revenue management in value segments, evaluate technology adoption among the masses using appropriate communication structures and develop customer relationships and manage their sentiments in the era of social media.

Case overview/synopsis
DealShare became a unicorn in 2022 and targeted the rural and low-income groups. Based on a networking model for customer acquisition and a hyperlocal supply chain model, DealShare is increasing its customer base at a rapid pace. However, profitability was still a challenge, and converting high volume into high value continued to be a daunting task. This case study delves deep into the challenges co-founder Sourjyendu Medda and the DealShare team faced. It seeks to address key issues: how should DealShare leverage customer network for faster customer acquisition and how should they increase ticket size and profitability? As a data-driven business, what advantages does DealShare have in influencing customers’ buying behaviour using data? Dependence on social media could have a cascading effect on “word of mouth”. How can they manage customer complaints and increase engagement?

Complexity academic level
This case study has the potential to be used in different settings. In strategic cost management, this case study can demonstrate strategies for cost management in the value-conscious segment. This case study can be used in marketing management courses while teaching “positioning” in business-to-consumer markets and CRM. For second-year management students, this can be used in entrepreneurship and strategic management courses to demonstrate the network effect in social e-commerce start-up businesses. This case study is also relevant for various course modules in graduate management programmes to demonstrate the power of data-driven decision-making in business.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing
Investigating the effects of off-the-job embeddedness on turnover intentions: does affective commitment play a role?
Authors: Obeng Anthony Frank , Azinga Samuel Awuni , Bentil John , Ellis Florence Y.A. , Coffie Rosemary Boateng 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
While much attention has been given to work-related factors influencing turnover intention through affective commitment, little focus has been directed to non-work factors affecting the service industry. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of links, fit and sacrifice, representing off-the-job embeddedness in the community, on turnover intention in the hospitality industry of Ghana: Sub-Sahara Africa using the theory of conservation of resources (COR) and social exchange. The model has been extended to include affective commitment as the mediating mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
A multi-wave technique was used to collect data through a questionnaire from 341 full-time frontline hospitality employees in Ghana. The responses were analysed using AMOS software structural equation modelling.

Findings
The findings show that links, fit and sacrifice significantly influence employees’ turnover intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that affective commitment decreased the negative relationship and partly mediated the main relationship between the dimensions of off-the-job embeddedness and turnover intention.

Research limitations/implications
The study’s results and academic, practical implications and limitations are discussed for future research.

Originality/value
This study emphasises the theory of COR to demystify community factors employees deem as valued resources, which lighten up their commitment to their organisation and decrease their intent to leave.
The development and primary validation of employee green behavior scale
Authors: Roy Shreyasi , Sia Surendra Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
The increasing adverse impact of human behavior toward the environment has brought in changes in research focus on environmental behavior toward the workplace. Because the employee spends one-third of his day in his workplace, the initiatives taken by the employee also have an impact on the company’s environmental stance. Therefore, the researchers gradually focus on employee green behavior (EGB) and its measurement. The study aims to devise a tool for measuring EGB.

Design/methodology/approach
Two studies were carried out using the survey method using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected (Studies 1 and 2) from managers and supervisors working in manufacturing companies located in Kolkata, India.

Findings
The first study was done to extract the principal factors using an initial 30 items (N = 220). The result of the principal component analysis shows the emergence of three factors spread over 20 items with loadings above 0.40. The 20-item scale was again administered on managers and supervisors (N = 243). The second study was carried out to examine the convergent and discriminant validity as well as stability of the tool through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (N = 243). The result of CFA showed the presence of 16 items spread through three factors: practice and policy, digital use and recycle and reuse. Multiple fit indices support a three-factor model of the 16-item EGB scale.

Research limitations/implications
The scale would be a good measure of EGB and can be used for further research. The EGB scale is a composite scale containing three major dimensions that can be used as a complete measure of EGB.

Originality/value
The present research aims to fill the current gap by building a comprehensive tool for measuring EGB. The present scale has also addressed the shortcoming of the previous scale and tried to include varied proenvironmental behaviors exhibited in the workplace.