bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low molecular weight plasma proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with hematological malignancies
Authors: Duggan M. B. , Whittaker J. A. , Cooper E. H. , Bailey C. C. , Robinson E. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concentration of beta‐2‐microglobulin (β2‐m) and of post gamma globulin (P‐γG) was examined in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from children with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Data were analysed in order to determine whether concentration of β2‐m or P‐βG during remission would be of value in predicting relapse or eventual outcome. Mean serum concentration of β2‐m was similar in good and poor prognosis patients with ALL in remission and was not significantly altered in CNS or marrow relapse. Mean CSF concentration in NHL was also similar in both prognostic groups, and in poor prognosis patients was not significantly altered in relapse. The same pattern was seen when PγG was measured in CSF (serum concentration of this protein being too low for accurate determination). High within patient variability of levels of β2‐m and PγG appeared to relate to chemotherapy rather than the disease process. Concentration of PγG was persistently raised in three children with brain damage of differing etiologies. Levels of two other low molecular weight proteins, retinol binding protein and α1‐microglobulin, were also determined in order to establish that β2‐m and PγG concentration was not influenced by alteration in permeability of the blood‐brain barrier. The β2‐m and PγG concentration, although higher than reported in healthy children [5] does not appear to be of value as a prognostic indicator in ALL and NHL in children.
Pulmonary function in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Serota Fredric T. , August Charles S. , Koch Penelope A. , Fox William , D'Angio Giulio J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulmonary function was studied prospectively in 25 children with leukemia and aplastic anemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Whereas 11 patients have died, only one did so primarily due to interstitial pneumonia. Fourteen patients (56%) survived a median of at least 36 months. Seventeen patients received pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Four patients transplanted for leukemia in relapse following preparation with a very intensive regimen (cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg, total body irradiation, 1,000 rad, BCNU, cytosine arabinoside) developed restrictive lung changes. Patients undergoing BMT for aplastic anemia and leukemia in remission prepared with more commonly used and less intensive regimens maintained normal pulmonary function. As new regimens are devised, PFTs should be utilized to characterize the pulmonary toxicity of these regimens as well.
Rebound thymic hyperplasia in a child with cancer
Authors: Bell B. A. , Esseltine D. W. , Azouz E. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of biopsy‐proven thymic hyperplasia is described in a child with group I paratesticular rhabdosarcoma while on chemotherapy. Other cases of children with cancer reported with this phenomenon are reviewed. Tissue diagnosis is important to differentiate metastatic tumor and to rule out second malignances in these patients. The initial evaluations are facilitated by CT scanning of the chest and upper extremity venography.
Leukemic infiltration of the testes in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Wagner Virginia M. , Baehner Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo children with ANLL in complete remission developed testicular relapse 18 and 34 months after diagnosis. Their clinical presentation was similar to that observed in patients with ALL. Although the testicular leukemia responded to between 2,400 and 3,000 rads, bone marrow relapse occurred within 4 months and death within 6 months of the testicular relapse. This points out the need for surveillance of the testicles in males with ANLL, and raises the question of need for testicular biopsy among long‐time male survivors.
Lithium treatment in adults with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Horns Richard C. , Schrier Stanley L. , Greenberg Peter L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine whether lithium can shorten chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia, 35 adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia undergoing initial chemotherapy were randomized either to receive oral lithium started at the time of biopsy‐proven hypoplasia or to receive no lithium. This study failed to show statistically significant shortening of the duration of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia in the lithium treatment group.
Amsa: A phase II trial in resistant and recurrent acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Boccia Ralph , Zighelboim Jacob , Champlin Richard E. , Kim Chun Choo , Gale Robert Peter 
Published: February 2007

Abstract27 patients with resistant acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were treated with AMSA. Three achieved a complete remission, and two a partial remission. Median survival for all patients was 12 weeks and was 16 weeks for responders.
CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors of childhood
Authors: Ashwal Stephen , Hinshaw David B. , Bedros Antranik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of the central nervous system in children are rare, highly malignant, cystic, and sometimes calcific, and hemorrhagic tumors sharply demarcated from adjacent brain. Microscopically they consist of small predominantly undifferentiated dark cells with neuronal, glial, and mesenchymal elements. We have recently diagnosed and treated five children with PNET. We will review their case histories as well as summarize the previous 133 reported cases with reference to presenting complaints, tumor location, neurodiagnostic studies, and the retrospective results of four treatment programs: 1) surgery alone; 2) surgery and radiation therapy; 3) surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy at time of recurrence; and 4) surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy at onset.
Early deaths in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Results of the Italian pediatric cooperative group for therapy of acute leukemia (AIL‐AIEOP)
Authors: Dini Giorgio , Bartolini Marida , Massimo Luisa , Ceci Adriana , Paolucci Guido , Calculli Giovanni , Russo Antonio , Magro Saverio , Guazzelli Carlo , Cesana Bruno M. , Jankovic Moncilio , Massolo Fausta , Di Tullio Maria T. , Curto Margherita Lo , Marchi Antonietta , Macchia Pier Antonio , Mandelli Franco , Digilio Girolamo , Rosati Domenico , Acquaviva Antonio , Madon Enrico , Miniero Roberto , Tamaro Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this retrospective multicentric study, we report on early deaths (ie, those that occurred during the first month of treatment) in a total of 943 newly diagnosed ALL pediatric patients registered from 1976 to 1981 at 21 centers of the AIL‐AIEOP. Objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to verify the incidence and the cause of early death in a wide population of children with ALL and (2) to elucidate factors associated with early death and therefore to identify “high‐risk” groups of patients.Out of the 943 ALL patients, 39 (4.1%) early deaths were registered. Main causes were infection, 20 patients (51.3%); hemorrhage, 11 patients (28.3%); uric acid nephropathy, 2 patients (5.1%); cardiac failure, 3 patients (7.6%); syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, 1 patient. Two patients died during the first week of unknown cause. Thirteen factors measured at diagnosis and possibly influencing the early death rate were analyzed. Using the chi‐square test, only three of these factors (age, mediastinum status, surface markers) appear to have any significant influence on the early death rate.We also tried to determine how therapy influences this process by analyzing variations in the early death rate, other factors being equal. Significant differences in the early death rates were encountered in AIEOP protocols using different induction regimens.
The value of computerized tomography as a routine follow‐up procedure for patients with Wilms' tumor
Authors: Wilimas Judith A. , Hammond Elizabeth , Douglass Edwin C. , Champion John , Parvey Louis , Coburn Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe performed routine computerized tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen on patients treated for Wilms' tumor and reviewed the records of all patients who relapsed (10 patients) and 43 additional patients followed for at least 1 year. Routine chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasounds were compared with 210 CT examinations (107 chest and 103 abdomen). CT examinations were obtained at 6 months for stage I (13 patients) and at 3, 8, and 15 months for stages II, III, and IV (40 patients). Of the 10 patients who relapsed, only 2 were documented by CT scan in the absence of clinical symptomatology and presence of normal radiographs and ultrasound. Eight relapses were diagnosed by physical examination, chest radiograph, or ultrasound and confirmed by CT scan. Questionably abnormal CT scans were obtained in 7 patients, only 1 of whom eventually relapsed. Since only 2 of 210 routine CT examinations were the the only indicator of relapse, we conclude that the routine use of CT for follow‐up in Wilms' tumor is not warranted.
Extramedullary recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia 15 years after initial diagnosis
Authors: Burton Gary V. , Weinberg J. Brice , Borowitz Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a 19‐year‐old man with recurrence of a lymphoid malignancy involving the ethmoid sinus 15 years following diagnosis and 10 years after discontinuation of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The cytologic appearance and immunologic phenotype of the tumor cells suggest that this malignancy represents a recurrence of his original tumor. Initial relapse of ALL is unusual after 4 years of continuous remission off therapy. This case illustrates that late relapse can occur and may present with unusual sites of involvement.
Evaluation of cyclocytidine in reinduction and maintenance therapy of children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia previously treated with cytosine arabinoside: A report from children's cancer study group
Authors: Movassaghi Nasser , Higgins Gussie , Pyesmany Allan , Baehner Robert , Chard Ronald , Sather Harland , Hammond Denman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of children in relapse with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) previously maintained in remission with combination chemotherapy including cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) was undertaken by Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) to assess the efficacy of cyclocytidine (Cyclo‐C), a depot Ara‐C, compared to parenteral Ara‐C given every 12 hr. The reinduction protocol consisted of daunomycin combined with either Ara‐C (Regimen 1) or Cyclo‐C (Regimen 2). One‐hundred thirty eligible patients were entered on the randomized study. Hematologic toxicity was significant in both regimens and resulted in four drug‐related deaths. Cardiac toxicity was observed in five patients, manifested only by abnormal echocardiogram or electrocardiogram patterns in three and congestive heart failure in two patients. Seventy‐seven of 112 evaluable patients achieved M‐1 or M‐2A marrow remissions (69%): 46 of 60 on Regimen 1 (75%), 30 of 52 on Regimen 2 (60%). The remission rate between the two regimens was not significantly different. There was no significant difference in the duration of remission comparing maintenance cyclophosphamide combined with Ara‐C or with Cyclo‐C. Addition of VP‐16 and CCNU to the maintenance therapy did not prolong the duration of remission. This study indicates that patients with childhood ANLL previously treated with Ara‐C and daunomycin can obtain a successful second remission. A single daily subcutaneous dose of Cyclo‐C was found to be as efficacious as Ara‐C given intravenously every 12 hr. The single dose schedule provides a convenient way to treat patients with relapsed ANLL in the outpatient setting.
Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Linker Charles A. , Degregorio Michael W. , Ries Curt A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeven patients with acute leukemia and systemic candidiasis presented with a clinical syndrome of fever, abdominal pain, organomegaly, and a cholestatic pattern of hepatic dysfunction with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal transaminases. The abdominal CT scan demonstrated diffuse hepatic and splenic abscesses in all seven patients. Culture and histology of liver biopsy specimens was nondiagnostic in four of five cases. The CT‐directed percutaneous needle aspirations of these lesions yielded diagnostic material in two of three cases. Culture‐negative visceral abscesses in persistently febrile patients with acute leukemia should be recognized as being due to candidiasis. The abdominal CT scan may be useful in identifying this clinical‐radiographic syndrome and in facilitating rapid diagnosis. Promptly administered antifungal therapy may lead to successful eradication of this infection.
Testicular infiltrates in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective study
Authors: Ortega Juan J. , Javier G. , Torán Nuria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of testicular infiltrates in 68 boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission (1974‐81), was prospectively investigated through careful clinical examination and routine bilateral biopsies at 2‐3 years of remission. All boys were under 14 years of age and they were treated with protocols D.74 and Pethema 7/78. Seven patients (10.3%) presented an isolated testicular relapse (ITR) during the chemotherapy period. In 13 of the 43 testicular biopsies (31%) leukemic infiltrates were found, and in another two findings were controversial. Three boys, two with previous negative biopsies, had an ITR 6 to 18 months after therapy was stopped. Finally, three others had simultaneous relapses in testes and bone marrow, one during chemotherapy and two after suppression. In all, 23 patients (33.8%) in first remission had overt or occult ITR. Overall estimated incidence rate of testes leukemia is 40% in all the groups. Incidence of early and occult ITR was higher in boys with initial WBC counts over 20 × 109/1. Therapy in ITR generally consisted of local radiotherapy (20‐25 Gy), a new induction treatment followed by 2‐year maintenance treatment; in three patients with early ITR, orchidectomy was also performed and six were given a new CNS preventive treatment. Clinical course in the seven patients with early ITR was unfavourable in five, with subsequent hematological relapses and death; one had a long‐term disease‐free survival (80 + months) and the other was a recent case. Ten of the 13 patients with occult infiltrates continued in remission and four were off treatment with a follow‐up of over 66 months. The three patients with late ITR were in 2nd remission at 8‐18 months after a new cessation of therapy. It may be concluded from this study that prognosis in ITR is related to the phase of presentation: it is unfavourable in cases of early ITR, but in occult infiltrates, detected by routine biopsy, and in late ITR combined therapy is effective in most cases.
Pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and chemotherapy of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Waldhorn Richard E. , Tsou Edward , Smith Frederick P. , Kerwin Donald M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 68‐year‐old man was treated with FAM (5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], mitomycin‐C) for metastic gastric adenocarcinoma. Twelve months later while in complete clinical remission, pulmonary hypertension and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia were recognized, progressed, and ended in his demise 6 months later. At necropsy, minimal residual cancer and severe pulmonary venoocclusive disease was found. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease may occur in association with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and cancer chemotherapy.
Secondary myelofibrosis with metastatic breast cancer simulating agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Yablonski‐Peretz T. , Sulkes A. , Polliack A. , Weshler Z. , Okon E. , Catane R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with carcinoma of the breast, who developed a clinical syndrome resembling agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, is described. She was found to have secondary myelofibrosis with metastatic carcinoma of the marrow, extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis resulting in massive splenomegaly, and leukoerythroblastosis. These findings are rare and myeloid metaplasia with striking extramedullary hematopoiesis causing massive splenomegaly and mimicking agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is seldom seen in patients with metastatic carcinoma. Previous case reports of secondary extramedullary hematopoiesis simulating agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) in patients with solid tumors are also reviewed.
Stage II neuroblastoma—does adjuvant irradiation contribute to cure?
Authors: McGuire Warren A. , Simmons Doyle , Grosfeld Jay L. , Baehner Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one children with Stage II neuroblastoma diagnosed between 1973 and 1983 were analyzed retrospectively. Median age at diagnosis was eleven months (1 week to 153 months). Primary tumor was above the diaphragm in 67% and below the diaphragm in 33%. All patients underwent surgical resection and pathologic diagnosis was neuroblastoma in 76% and ganglioneuroblastoma in 24%. Regional lymph nodes were positive in three of eleven patients sampled. Sixty‐seven percent had gross residual disease, and thirty‐three percent had microscopic residual disease. Seventeen patients received postoperative irradiation and none has relapsed (median follow‐up 57 months). Four patients received surgery alone (median follow‐up 24 months); one local relapse occurred in this group and was subsequently treated with irradiation. All patients are alive and disease free, with a median length of follow‐up of 55 months. Radiation dosage was 1000‐1800 rad in patients less than 12 months of age, and 1800‐3000 rad in those greater than 12 months of age at diagnosis. The high disease‐free survival rate in both groups of patients, but especially in the group receiving adjuvant irradiation, emphasizes the need for a controlled, prospective study to determine which Stage II neuroblastoma patients, if any, would be benefitted by postoperative irradiation.
Neuroblastomas treated at the four major child oncologic clinics in Denmark 1943–1980: An evaluation of 180 cases
Authors: Carlsen Niels L. T. , Schroeder Henrik , Bro Poul V. , Erichsen Gunna , Hamborg‐Pedersen Bente , Jensen Kaj Bjoern , Nielsen Ole H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and eighty cases of neuro‐blastomas from the four child oncology clinics are reviewed. The overall cure rate was 24%. During the 38‐year period, there was a significant increase in survival from 0% during the period of 1943–1950 to 32% during the period of 1971–1980. This improved survival rate is most likely a result of adjuvant chemotherapy. Forty percent of the patients appear chronically ill, which reflects the fact that nearly 60% have metastases when they are first seen. In localized disease (stages I–II), the prognosis was favourable (cure rate 69%), while the prognosis for disseminated disease (stage III–IV) was poor (cure rate 5%). A favourable outcome was seen in patients under 1 year (survival rate 46%), and in patients with primary tumours located in the neck or mediastinum (survival rate 48%). When related to stage, however, the survival rates for the former tumours were not significantly better in patients below 1 year or in patients with cervical or thoracic tumours. As is the case in other studies, we found that survival is significantly poorer in males.
Effective cisplatin (DDP) based chemotherapy in the treatment of hepatoblastoma
Authors: Douglass Edwin C. , Green Alexander A. , Wrenn Earl , Champion John , Shipp Melissa , Pratt Charles B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNine of 11 patients with hepatoblastoma treated with cisplatin (DDP) based chemotherapy had a complete (CR) or partial (PR) remission. Five of these patients had measurable pulmonary disease and four achieved a CR of pulmonary lesions. The average interval of disease control following DDP was three times that of Adriamycin (ADR). DDP is an effective agent in the treatment of hepatoblastoma.
Stage IV‐N: A favorable subset of children with metastatic neuroblastoma
Authors: Rosen Eliot M. , Cassady J. Robert , Frantz Christopher N. , Kretschmar Cynthia S. , Levey Raphael , Sallen Stephen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong children over 1 year of age with Evans Stage IV neuroblastoma, there appears to be a small group with a relatively favorable prognosis. These patients have extensive lymph node metastases (cervical/axillary/thoracic/abdominal/pelvic), but no extranodal metastases. Three of six such patients (50%) are long‐term disease‐free survivors, compared with none of 40 patients with extranodal metastatic disease (p < 0.0002). Patients with only lymph node metastases (Stage “IV‐N”) may have a biologically more favorable tumor that is curable with conventional, intensive multimodality therapy.
Treatment of children with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia with vincristine and diltiazem
Authors: Bessho Fumio , Kinumaki Hiroshi , Kobayashi Miyuki , Habu Hiroshi , Nakamura Kazuko , Yokota Shunichiro , Tsuruo Takashi , Kobayashi Noboru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix children with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia were treated with vincristine combined with diltiazem. In four of five children who took the drug as scheduled, a cytolytic effect was observed. One child showed massive cell destruction which caused hyperuricemic nephropathy. The only adverse effect was atrioventricular block in two children, which was completely reversible. Increased neurotoxicity was not observed in any child.
Comparison of stage IV and IV‐S neuroblastoma in the first year of life
Authors: Nickerson H. James , Nesbit Mark E. , Grosfeld Jay L. , Baehner Robert L. , Sather Harland , Hammond Denman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical staging and factors related to survival were evaluated in 44 stage IV‐S and 44 stage IV patients with neuroblastoma, ages 0 to 12 months, seen at Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) institutions from 1972 to 1979. In 73 patients with complete surgical staging, the life‐table projected survival at 3 years was 91% for stage IV‐S and 44% for stage IV. The only deaths in stage IV‐S disease occurred in three patients less than 2 months old at diagnosis. In stage IV‐S, 3 to 12 months old at diagnosis, the disease‐free survival was 97%. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy did not appear to improve the survival rate in stage IV‐S.These studies further document a significant clinical and biologic difference between patients with stage IV and stage IV‐S neuroblastoma and suggest that they require different therapeutic management.
Avascular necrosis of bone following combination chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Felix Carolyn , Blatt Julie , Goodman Mark A. , Medina Jocelyn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAvascular necrosis of bone (AVNB) is a known complication of systemic adrenocorti‐costeroid therapy, and one which is thought to be dose‐related. However, despite the large amounts of prednisone which have been used in the standard treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), AVNB rarely has been reported in children with that disease. We described our experience with one adolescent with ALL who developed multifocal AVNB presenting as bone pain after aggressive chemotherapy that included a high cumulative dose of corticosteroids as well as other antitumor agents, some of which also have been associated with AVNB. Four similar cases from the literature are reviewed. Because the bone pain of AVNB can mimic that of leukemic relapse, this is an important entity to be aware of, and one which may become more common with increasingly aggressive combination chemotherapy.