bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of relevant prognostic histopathologic features in 69 intracranial ependymomas, excluding myxopapillary ependymomas and subependymomas
Authors: Kurt Erkan , Zheng Ping‐Pin , Hop Wim C. J. , van der Weiden Marcel , Bol Meike , van den Bent Martin J. , Avezaat Cees J. J. , Kros Johan M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe results of attempts to identify histopathologic parameters that contribute to the clinical outcome of patients with ependymomas have been controversial. This may be due to the relative rareness of ependymomas. Furthermore, in many investigations, myxopapillary ependymomas and subependymomas were included and may have confounded results, because those tumors should be considered clinicopathologic entities distinct from the other ependymomas.METHODSIn this retrospective study, the influence of the histologic subtype of ependymoma and of individual histologic features on the outcome of 69 patients with ependymomas was investigated. Myxopapillary ependymomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas with spinal localizations were excluded from the analysis. The ependymomas were subdivided into cellular, papillary, clear cell, and tanycytic subtypes. The study extended over a period of 30 years.RESULTSNo differences in clinical outcome between the four histologic subtypes of ependymomas were revealed. Neither tumor localization (either infratentorial or supratentorial), patient age, nor gender affected survival. The survival of patients who underwent complete tumor resection differed significantly from that of patients who underwent partial resection. In univariate analysis, the features of nuclear atypia, the mitotic index, and the MIB‐1 labeling index (LI) significantly influenced survival. With regard to survival, the presence of microcysts, blood vessel density, and the feature of vascular hyalinization demonstrated a trend but did not reach significance. In multivariate analysis, only the mitotic index and the MIB‐1 LI were identified as factors with independent prognostic significance (P = 0.027 and P = 0.023, respectively). Both proliferation indices were correlated strongly with each other.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the univariate analysis indicated that, for patients with intracranial ependymoma, nuclear atypia, the mitotic index, and the MIB‐1 LI significantly influenced survival. In the multivariate analysis, the mitotic index and the MIB‐1 LI were the only features that had independent prognostic significance. Because both showed strong correlations, only one of them should be included in a grading scheme for intracranial ependymomas. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Breast carcinoma during pregnancy
Authors: Loibl Sibylle , von Minckwitz Gunter , Gwyn Karin , Ellis Paul , Blohmer Jens U. , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Keller Monika , Harder Sebastian , Theriault Richard L. , Crivellari Diana , Klingebiel Thomas , Louwen Frank , Kaufmann Manfred 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreast carcinoma during pregnancy (BCP) is a difficult clinical situation, as it appears to put the health of the mother in conflict with that of the fetus.METHODSAn international expert meeting was conducted to form guidelines on how to diagnose and treat women with BCP.RESULTSThe goal for treatment of the pregnant woman with breast carcinoma is the same as that of the nonpregnant breast carcinoma patient: local control of disease and prevention of systemic metastases. However, certain treatment modalities need to be modified because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus. There is evidence to support the safety of anthracycline‐based chemotherapy during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (Oxford Level of Evidence [LOE] 2b). Because of the lack of evidence, the expert opinion was not to recommend the routine use of newer cytotoxic drugs like the taxanes during pregnancy (LOE 5).CONCLUSIONThe recommendations provided should help to reach informed decision making by the patient. The ongoing prospective collection of data on BCP, such as that at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) and that of the German Breast Group/Breast International Group (GBG/BIG), is necessary to further our knowledge regarding the treatment of this unique group of breast carcinoma patients. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin as second‐line therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Rao Ravi D. , Holtan Shernan G. , Ingle James N. , Croghan Gary A. , Kottschade Lisa A. , Creagan Edward T. , Kaur Judith S. , Pitot Henry C. , Markovic Svetomir N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with metastatic melanoma (MM) have very few therapy options. Based on reports of responses to paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC), 31 patients with MM were treated with PC.METHODSData regarding patients treated with PC were abstracted from medical records. Clinical outcomes as determined by the treating oncologist were used for this analysis. Response determination was retrospectively confirmed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).RESULTSThirty‐one patients with MM were treated with PC. Patients had a median of 2 previous therapies, with the majority (29; 94%) having failed prior temozolomide (TMZ) or dacarbazine (DTIC) therapy. The most commonly used regimen was weekly paclitaxel (at a dose of 100 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve 2) administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28‐day cycle. An objective partial response was noted in 8 patients (26%) with an additional 6 patients (19%) having stable disease; therefore, a clinical benefit was noted in 45% of those patients treated. The median time to disease progression for the entire group was 3 months (range, 0–7 mos), with a median overall survival of 7.8 months (range, 1–14 mos). The clinical benefit derived by the 14 patients, which lasted for a median of 5.7 months (range, 2.5–7.3 mos), was considered to be clinically significant. At the time of last follow‐up, eight patients continued to receive PC therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe PC combination appears to have definite and clinically meaningful activity when used as second‐line therapy after TMZ or DTIC. Further evaluation of this regimen, alone or as a ‘backbone’ for other agents, needs to be considered. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Phase I studies of imatinib mesylate combined with cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Johnson Faye M. , Krug Lee M. , Tran Hai T. , Shoaf Stephanie , Prieto Victor G. , Tamboli Pheroze , Peeples Beverly , Patel Jyoti , Glisson Bonnie S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmall cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines commonly express KIT and its ligand, stem cell factor, suggesting an autocrine loop promoting cell growth. Imatinib inhibits KIT kinase activity. SCLC cells treated with imatinib in vitro undergo cell cycle arrest. Imatinib reduces resistance to irinotecan in vitro. Common metabolic pathways suggest there may be drug interactions between imatinib and irinotecan or cisplatin. In the current study, the authors investigated the feasibility of combining these drugs in the treatment of patients with SCLC.METHODSTwo Phase I studies were conducted independently at two institutions. Patients with extensive‐disease SCLC underwent therapy with cisplatin, irinotecan, and imatinib using two similar regimens. In one study, immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of potential imatinib targets was performed on pretreatment biopsy specimens, and blood specimens were collected and analyzed for imatinib, irinotecan, and cisplatin pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTSNine patients were enrolled and were evaluable for toxicity. A high incidence of neutropenia, diarrhea, and thrombosis was observed that precluded dose escalation. Six patients were evaluable for response after four cycles; five patients experienced a partial response and the other patient had developed progressive disease. Four of six tumor specimens tested expressed platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α and two expressed KIT. Irinotecan clearance was found to be significantly decreased by imatinib (P < 0.04). No significant alteration in the disposition of cisplatin was observed.CONCLUSIONSThe maximum tolerated dose for this combination with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor support was identified as imatinib at a dose of 300 mg/day with irinotecan (at a dose of 65 mg/m2) and cisplatin (at a dose of 30 mg/m2) given on Days 1 and 8, every 21 days. The decreased irinotecan clearance may explain the high incidence of diarrhea and neutropenia noted in the current study. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Tetra‐ and Decanuclear Iron(II) Complexes of Thiacalixarene Macrocycles: Synthesis, Structure, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Desroches Cédric , Pilet Guillaume , Szilágyi Petra Á. , Molnár G. , Borshch Serguei A. , Bousseksou Azzedine , Parola Stéphane , Luneau Dominique 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTwo iron(II) complexes, namely [Fe4(L)2]·H2O (1) and [Fe10(L)4Cl4]·2H2O (2), have been synthesised under solvothermal conditions by treating p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arene (LH4) with FeCl2 in methanol. Compound 1 crystallises in the orthorhombic system (space group Immm) with the unit‐cell parameters a = 17.8308(4), b = 19.1372(3), c = 28.8391(6) Å and V = 9840.8(3) Å3 (Z = 2). Compound 2 crystallises in the triclinic system (space group P$\bar {1}$) with the unit‐cell parameters a = 13.8036(4), b = 18.8373(4), c = 20.1978(6) Å, α = 65.772(2)°, β = 74.120(1)°, γ = 71.922(1)° and V = 4487.6(2) Å3 (Z = 1). Compound 1 is a neutral tetranuclear complex and is best described as an iron(II) square sandwiched between two thiacalixarene macrocycles. Each iron centre is six‐coordinate in a trigonal‐prismatic geometry made up of four phenoxy oxygen atoms plus two sulfur atoms. Compound 2 is a neutral centrosymmetric decanuclear complex and may be viewed as a dimer of double chloro‐bridged pentanuclear complexes. Mössbauer spectra of compounds 1 and 2 have been recorded at different temperatures between 80 and 298 K. Each sub‐spectrum can be characterised by a quadrupolar doublet corresponding to different iron environments where all iron ions are in high‐spin state (S = 2). The hyperfine parameters (quadrupole splitting, isomer shift and line width) as well as the Mössbauer spectra area‐ratios are in good agreement with the crystallographic data. The two compounds exhibit magnetic behaviours indicating that antiferromagnetic interactions occur between the iron(II) centres. The simulation of the magnetic susceptibility was done in the case of compound 1 with a single exchange coupling constant (J = –4 cm–1 and g = 2.02) between the iron(II) ions[H = –J(S1S2 + S2S3 + S3S4 + S1S4)]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The threshold effect of image resolution on image‐based automated grain size mapping in fluvial environments
Authors: Carbonneau Patrice E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIt has recently been demonstrated that surficial grain sizes in fluvial environments could be derived with automated methods applied to airborne digital imagery having a ground resolution of 3 cm. This letter seeks to further examine the potential of digital imagery for automated grain size mapping. In order to broaden the application of automated grain size mapping from airborne imagery, the effect of image resolution needs further study. Automated grain size mapping was attempted on an airborne digital image with a ground resolution of 10 cm. The results show that meaningful grain size information can be derived from 10 cm imagery. However, the ground resolution of the image acts as a size threshold below which no grain size information is detectable. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that future applications of automated grain size mapping will always be dependent on the ground resolution made available by the technology in use at the time of image acquisition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using fMRI to dissociate sensory encoding from cognitive evaluation of heat pain intensity
Authors: Kong Jian , White Nathan S. , Kwong Kenneth K. , Vangel Mark G. , Rosman Ilana S. , Gracely Richard H. , Gollub Randy L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNeuroimaging studies of painful stimuli in humans have identified a network of brain regions that is more extensive than identified previously in electrophysiological and anatomical studies of nociceptive pathways. This extensive network has been described as a pain matrix of brain regions that mediate the many interrelated aspects of conscious processing of nociceptive input such as perception, evaluation, affective response, and emotional memory. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy human subjects to distinguish brain regions required for pain sensory encoding from those required for cognitive evaluation of pain intensity. The results suggest that conscious cognitive evaluation of pain intensity in the absence of any sensory stimulation activates a network that includes bilateral anterior insular cortex/frontal operculum, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, right superior parietal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, orbital prefrontal cortex, and left occipital cortex. Increased activity common to both encoding and evaluation was observed in bilateral anterior insula/frontal operculum and medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex. We hypothesize that these two regions play a crucial role in bridging the encoding of pain sensation and the cognitive processing of sensory input. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative splicing in protein associated with Myc (Pam) influences its binding to c‐Myc
Authors: Santos Túlio M. , Han Sangyeul , Bowser Mark , Sazani Karen , Beauchamp Roberta L. , Murthy Vanishree , Bhide Pradeep G. , Ramesh Vijaya 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe recently identified Pam (for protein associated with c‐Myc), as a binding partner for the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein tuberin in brain. The highly conserved Pam homologs in Drosophila and C. elegans are neuron‐specific proteins that regulate synaptic growth. The Pam gene contains 83 exons and encodes a 4,641‐amino‐acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of ∼510 kDa. In a previous study, we demonstrated that Pam is expressed as two forms, ∼450 kDa in rat embryonic and a ∼350 kDa in rat adult brain. Here we have extended that work to show the ∼450 kDa form is expressed in rat embryonic kidney, heart, and lung and in rat cell lines, and the ∼350 kDa form is expressed in adult rat tissues as well as in human and mouse brain and human and mouse cell lines. To understand the size difference, we investigated alternative splicing of Pam in brain and detected six isoforms in the Myc‐binding region resulting from splicing of exon 53, and three new exons, 52A, 56, and 56A. We also demonstrate that the presence of exon 52A in Pam significantly enhances binding to Myc, suggesting functional importance of this alternative splicing. The presence of Pam in many cellular compartments, its spliced variants, as well as its multiple binding partners, including tuberin, make it a complex, yet intriguing protein in the nervous system. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparative separation of underivatized amino acids for compound‐specific stable isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating of hydrolyzed bone collagen
Authors: Tripp Jennifer A. , McCullagh James S. O. , Hedges Robert E. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAnalysis of stable and radioactive isotopes from bone collagen provides useful information to archaeologists about the origin and age of bone artifacts. Isolation and analysis of single amino acids from the proteins can provide additional and more accurate information by removing contamination and separating a bulk isotope signal into its constituent parts. In this paper, we report a new method for the separation and isolation of underivatized amino acids from bone collagen, and their analysis by isotope ratio MS and accelerator MS. RP chromatography is used to separate the amino acids with nonpolar side chains, followed by an ion pair separation to isolate the remaining amino acids. The method produces single amino acids with little or no contamination from the separation process and allows for the measurement of accurate stable isotope ratios and pure samples for radiocarbon dating.
Economies of scale and market power in policing
Authors: Southwick Lawrence 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to use a simultaneous equations method for estimating police production and demand to determine whether or not there are economies of scale in policing. In addition, the effect of market power on productivity, using the Herfindahl–Hirschmann Index, is to be measured. The estimation yields the result that there are diseconomies of scale with respect to the amount of crime beyond about 22 000 people in the policing jurisdiction and diseconomies of scale in numbers of police beyond about 36 000 people. Efficiency is also reduced where there is greater market power. This is conjectured to be the public sector equivalent of taking market power profits. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multidimensional proteomics of human serum using parallel chromatography of native constituents and microplate technology
Authors: Horn Anton , Kreusch Stefan , Bublitz Renate , Hoppe Horst , Cumme Gerhard A. , Schulze Margarete , Moore Thomas , Ditze Günter , Rhode Heidrun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA versatile, multidimensional, and non‐denaturing proteome separation procedure using microplate technology is presented, yielding a digitized image of proteome composition. In the first dimension, the sample under study is separated into 96 fractions by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). In the second dimension, the fractions of the first dimension are transferred by the liquid‐handling device CyBi™‐Well (CyBio AG, Jena, Germany) to 96 parallel anion exchange chromatography columns. In this way the proteins are conserved in their native states and are distributed in 2400 liquid fractions with high recovery rates and sufficient reproducibility. The resulting fractions are subjected to protein quantitation and identification. Spectrophotometrical and immunological methods and enzyme activity measurements are used for quantitation. To identify proteins, the fractions are subjected to MALDI‐MS, and their tryptic digests to both MALDI‐ and LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. All preparation steps except the first are applied in parallel to sets of multiples of 96 samples. The procedure may be refined by adding more separation steps and may be adapted to various protein amounts and to various proteomes. Moreover, the method offers the opportunity to investigate functional protein complexes. The method was applied to separate the normal human serum proteome. Within 255 fractions exhibiting the highest protein concentrations, 742 proteins were identified by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS peptide sequence tags.
FRP pultruded structural shapes
Authors: Zureick A 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe availability, diversity and utilization of fiberreinforced polymeric (FRP) pultruded structural members in new construction, and also in the rehabilitation and strengthening of existing structures, have increased at a remarkable rate during the past two decades. This trend is expected to continue with increasing requirements for light weight, high stiffness and/or high strength, and non‐corroding materials. Despite the exceptional properties of FRP, design engineers are hesitant about using them mainly due to the absence of design criteria and specifications. This reluctance also comes about because the behavior of structural elements made of FRP materials under loads is very limited.This articles surveys analytical and experimental investigations pertaining to the behavior and design of pultruded structural members.
Debonding of steel plates glued to RC flexural members
Authors: Oehlers Deric J , Ali M S Mohamed 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA major design consideration for gluing steel plates to reinforced concrete beams and slabs is the prevention of premature debonding of the plate. Once debonding is prevented, then standard linear elastic theory or rigid plastic analysis techniques can be applied. This review describes the gains in strength and stiffness that have been achieved by plating, the different forms of debonding that have been encountered experimentally, the parameters that affect these debonding mechanisms, and the mathematical models that have been developed in an attempt to prevent premature debonding.
Fatigue reliability
Authors: Wirsching Paul H 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art in fatigue reliability. Reliability analysis methods must be tailored to unique characteristics of the fatigue process, eg complicated limit‐state formulations and large‐variance random variables. Methods discussed include the lognormal format, a closed‐form method that has proved to be extremely practical for both reliability assessment and design code development, as well as classical FORM and SORM. The advanced mean value (AMV) method is particularly useful for fracture mechanics and local strain analysis formulations. A general fatigue reliability model that employs the time‐dependent first‐passage concept to capture the synergistic effects of Fatigue and Fracture is presented.
Design of timber structures subjected to extreme loads
Authors: Foliente G C 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article reviews the current state of knowledge in the analysis, design and construction of timber buildings to resist wind and earthquake loads. Similarities and differences in design philosophy and method are discussed and a selected list of references and reading materials is provided. Wind and earthquake disaster damage data consistently point to connection failure and inappropriate or poor quality construction as the primary causes of building damage. A complete and continuous load path should be ensured from the point of origin of the force to the point of final resistance. Total quality control at all stages of the design and construction process is essential.
Pre‐ and post‐processor techniques in finite element methods: A bibliography (1996–1997)
Authors: Mackerle J 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article gives a bibliographical review of the pre‐ and post‐processor techniques applied to finite element methods (FEMs). The following topics are included: pre‐processors — 2‐D and 3‐D mesh generation techniques, adaptive mesh generation, artificial intelligence (Al) in mesh generation, parallel mesh generation; post‐processors — visualization of computed results, animation. An extensive list of more than 350 references is included in the Survey of current literature which follows this article. It includes papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published during 1996 and 1997. Some previously published reviews, key papers and books on the subject are also listed.
A new generation of nonlinear finite element analysis techniques
Authors: Liu Y C , Solecki J S , Underwood E D 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article surveys the development of nonlinear contact and solution‐control capabilities in an industrial finite element code, ANSYS 5.4. Various techniques for enhancing the ease‐of‐use and robustness of the capabilities are discussed. Among these are the use of solution feedback and automatic adjustments, consistent tangent, and a combined penalty function and Lagrange multiplier method for contact analysis. It is argued that a future direction for finite element code development should be to provide easy‐to‐use nonlinear capabilities so that inexperienced finite element users can solve nonlinear problems independently without assistance from other sources such as high‐end analysts or experienced users.