bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science behind the scenes during Fossett's recent around‐the‐world ballooning effort
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

“In my mind, there's no question. If you eliminate that one temporary setback, he completes the global,” Bob Rice said on August 17, exhausted after having slept little during the previous 8 ½ days of intensive weather forecasting and emotional roller coaster riding.As chief meteorologist for the Solo Spirit balloon trip, Rice helped to navigate 54‐yearold balloonist and businessman Steve Fossett on his fourth attempt to circle the globe nonstop. During that effort, which began at 23:30 UTC on August 7 from Mendoza, Argentina, Fossett had floated 24,460 km—63% of the way around the world longitudinally–surpassing his previous world distance record of 16,674 km set in January 1997. His “roziere” balloon, a combination of gas and hot air, had risen or descended to avoid violent weather systems and winds that would blow him in the wrong direction, and to catch air currents that would push his vessel along. With the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and Australia behind him, only the wide Pacific Ocean lay in Fossett's path.
In brief
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Species‐rich Caribbean island called a “mini‐Galapagos” From 1865 until 1899, the Navassa Phosphate Company of Baltimore, Maryland, mined about 800,000 tons of guano from the 2‐square mile Navassa Island. Since then, the rugged and uninhabited island, located 40 miles west of Haiti and administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), has attracted few visitors. Ham radio operators sometimes stop by to send messages from the out‐of‐the‐way locale, and on occasion, a scientist drops by.From July 23 to August 5, research by 14 scientists on the largest‐ever scientific expedition to the island—sponsored by the Center for Marine Conservation (CMC), DOI, and Henry Luce Foundation—yielded what could result in the discovery of several hundred previously undocumented terrestrial species, after samples are sorted and studied.
NASA launches hurricane study
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

With hurricane season brewing in the Atlantic Ocean, two specially equipped NASA aircraft are taking to the skies to collect high‐altitude information about Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms. The Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX) mission, scheduled for August and September, hopes to yield high‐resolution spatial and temperature information on hurricane structure, dynamics, and motion that will help to better understand and improve groundbased predictions of hurricanes.Results from the mission may increase warning time—saving lives and property— and decrease the size of evacuation areas— saving money—while giving scientists a better understanding of these dramatic weather phenomena. In addition, the results will help to validate existing measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission of hurricanes and tropical storms and to develop algorithms for future Earth science missions.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Atmospheric Sciences Section presented the following outstanding student paper awards at the AGU 1997 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, last December.James Corbett presented a poster on “Nitrogen and Sulfur Emissions From Oceangoing Ships.” James is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy (EPP) at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. He has been awarded a M.S. degree in EPP and recently completed the M.S. requirements in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. He graduated in 1985 with a degree in marine engineering technology from the California Maritime Academy and holds a California Professional Engineering License (Mechanical). He joined the doctoral program in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University in August 1995. In 1997, he was selected for a U.S. EPA STAR Fellowship. His research focuses on international maritime transportation and pollution issues, particularly air emissions from ship propulsion. James has developed the first global geographic characterization of air emissions from international maritime transport. As recently published in Science (Corbett and Fischbeck, 1997), his work estimates the global annual nitrogen and sulfur emissions from ships to be 3.08 terragrams (Tg) N and 4.24 Tg S, respectively.
Workshop assesses 1997”1998 El Niño from Pacific climate perspectives
Authors: Dettinger Michael , Redmond Kelly 
Published: October 2006

As the 1997–1998 El Niño was drawing towards its apparent end, researchers from various disciplines at the 15th Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop recognized several significant features of this El Niño. First, a confident and credible long‐term climate forecast was issued well in advance of the event, and, more importantly, it was taken seriously by the public. Second, the recent El Niño was remarkable in its magnitude and duration. Third, although globally costs and damages were attributable to the El Niño, in the western United States, costs were counterbalanced by positive effects such as the relatively mild winter and adequate precipitation for the arid West.Several speakers reported that the long‐range cool‐season forecasts for North America were of unprecedented skill and usefulness. In a keynote address to the workshop, Martin Hoerling of the NOAA/Climate Diagnostic Center showed, with a judicious blend of historical analyses and climate‐simulation experiments, that much of this success is attributable to the unusual magnitude of the tropical forcings during this El Niño, a magnitude that was large enough to overcome much of the uncertainty that historically has been typical of the extratropical outcomes of weaker El Niños.
Adams receives 1998 Whipple Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

John B. Adams of the University of Washington has been named the recipient of the AGU's 1998 Fred Whipple Award, for outstanding contributions to the field of planetary science.John Adams is one of the primary founders of the field of remote sensing spectroscopy of planetary surfaces, and the measurements and techniques that he pioneered have revolutionized our understanding of the solar system and have strongly influenced many, if not all, subsequent spacecraft and in situ explorations of our planetary neighbors.
Outstanding student paper award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (GP) Section presented the outstanding student paper award to Michael Winklhofer at the 1998 Spring AGU Meeting, in Boston, Mass., last May.Michael received his degree in geophysics at the University of Munich where he is currently working toward a Ph.D. His dissertation topic examines the possibilities of how the Earth's magnetic field can be detected by animals using biogenic ferromagnetic material.
Endangered cave crustacean could be water quality indicator in Illinois Karst Region
Authors: Showstrack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Some of the rolling, rural countryside of southwestern Illinois has become just a 20‐minute commute from the sprawling city of St. Louis, Missouri, across the Mississippi River, now that newly built roads have opened up the landscape. But as more houses rise in rapidly developing bedroom communities, increasing levels of coliform bacteria—probably originating from septic systems and livestock—are being found in the groundwater. Trace amounts of pesticides, including atrazine, also are present.These contaminants, in large enough quantities, can pollute groundwater and cause public health problems. They also appear to be responsible for the decreased habitat and population of a little‐known cave‐dwelling crustacean, the Illinois Cave Amphipod (Gammarus acherondytes), a tailless shrimp that can grow up to 20 mm in length and that swims in underground streams in cave dark zones. Decreased dissolved oxygen content in the streams, resulting from land development activities that can cause faster surface runoff, also may affect the amphipod.
Report endorses climate study, recommends several research foci
Authors: Sorooshian Soroosh , Schultz Peter 
Published: October 2006

A major study to understand climate variability and predict climate change should proceed in the same direction, a National Research Council (NRC) panel has recommended. The panel also urged the implementation of a number of future research activities. The study, known as the Continental‐Scale Intercomparison Project (GCIP), the first of five continental‐scale projects of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), began in 1990.Recent efforts to study climate have emphasized the importance of improved understanding of many aspects of the hydrologic cycle and the exchange of energy and water at the atmosphere‐surface interface. To address these issues within the context of the Mississippi River basin, the World Climate Research Programme established the GEWEX GCIP. The NRC established a panel specifically to evaluate and provide scientific leadership and guidance on the scientific strategies, plans, and priorities of the GEWEX Program. This panel's report, “GCIP: A Review of Progress and Opportunities,” also highlighted the major accomplishments of the study so far. It was released June 8 at the GCIP Mississippi River Hydrometeorology Conference in St. Louis, Mo.
Middle Proterozoic to Cambrian Rifting, Central North America
Authors: Van Schmus W. Randall 
Published: October 2006

The 1100 Ma Midcontinent Rift System in central North America, with its exposed Keweenawan volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Lake Superior region, is one of the major rift‐related magmatic provinces in the world. Recent geophysical, petrologic, and geologic studies of the rift and related rocks have made the system one of the best studied structures of this type.Middle Proterozoic To Cambrian Rifting, Central North America contains an introduction, an overview, and 17 new contributions arising from the 10th International Basement Tectonics Conference held at the University of Minnesota‐Duluth in August 1992. The conference focused on Proterozoic rifting in central North America, with an emphasis on the Midcontinent Rift System, and the papers in this volume reflect that emphasis. Thirteen papers deal specifically with the Midcontinent Rift System, while the remaining papers address other rift‐related igneous and sedimentary rocks in the central United States. This volume is the first major overview of the Midcontinent Rift System since the 1982 Geological Society of America (GSA) Memoir 156, Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin, edited by R. J. Wold and W. J. Hinze. It should be a welcome addition to the library of anyone working on this subject or working with related rocks and processes.
Astronomers announce origin and cause of Jupiter's Ring System
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

In a very rough economic analysis, Joseph Veverka, professor of astronomy and planetary sciences at Cornell University, said that NASA's Galileo and earlier Voyager missions to Jupiter cost each American about the equivalent of one chocolate bar per year.“Given the results that Galileo has produced in the last several years, I think you probably got your chocolate bar's worth,” Veverka mused at a September 15 news conference held by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO)in Tucson, Ariz., and Cornell to announce the latest dramatic discovery involving the spacecraft.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Seismology Section presented the following outstanding student paper awards at the 1998 AGU Spring Meeting in Boston, Mass., last May.Shu‐Huei Hung presented a paper titled “Can a Low‐velocity Column of High Melt Concentration be Hidden Beneath the East Pacific Rise?” Shu‐ Huei received a B.S. in geology in 1991 and an M.S. in geophysics in 1993 from National Taiwan University. She completed her Ph.D. in geophysics at Brown University in May 1998, under the supervision of Donald Forsyth. Her thesis involved the development of an inversion procedure for comparative‐ event, moment tensor determination and of a parallel multi‐domain pseudospectral method for simulation of seismic wave propagation in inhomogeneous and anisotropic media. She has combined waveform modeling with seismic observations to characterize the nature of intraplate earthquakes, lithospheric anisotropy, and mantle upwelling in the MELT Experiment area across the Southern East Pacific Rise. As a postdoc research associate at Princeton University, Shu‐ Huei works on three‐dimensional waveform travel‐time sensitivity kernels explored from different renovated methodologies to improve our understanding of wave scattering and diffraction in heterogeneous Earth structures.
Basin‐Wide Diagenetic Patterns: Integrated Petrologic, Geochemical, and Hydrologic Considerations
Authors: Harrison Wendy J. 
Published: October 2006

The serious scholar of petrology is well aware of the discrepant level of understanding that exists between igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis and sediment diagenesis (also known as postdepositional evolution). While nucleation and crystallization theory, phase equilibria, and principles of heat and mass transport have provided guidance for scientists to understand the formation and subsequent evolution of igneous and metamorphic rocks, sedimentary petrologists seem to have been left behind in detailed, descriptive characterization, with little chemical and physical basis to unify the diagenesis of one rock unit with any other.Of course, one cannot lay blame entirely on the scientist: the study of sediment diagenesis is plagued by problems of incomplete chemical reaction, the need to characterize amorphous solids and poorly crystalline mineral phases, low temperature and pressure conditions that result in reaction kinetics dominating over thermodynamic equilibria, and a lot of fugitive water! Further complications arise because most of the samples available for extensive regional study of sediment diagenesis are those recovered during the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon and mineral resources. The processes that have controlled postdepositional chemical and physical evolution of such samples are undeniably nonrepresentative of those affecting the vast volumes of most sedimentary sequences.
Deep Space One: Preparing for space exploration in the 21st century
Authors: Nelson Robert M. 
Published: October 2006

Later this month, NASA is scheduled to take a revolutionary step with the launch of the New Millennium Program's Deep Space One (DS1) mission. DS1 will fly by asteroid 1992KD in July 1999 and will then be on a trajectory toward comet 19P/Borrelly (see Figure 1).The target bodies are not what makes DS1 revolutionary, however. NASA has flown missions past comets and asteroids before. Rather, the pioneering role of DS1 is in paving the way for future, even more exciting, science missions by testing a host of new, advanced technologies that are unproven in deep space.
Series of disasters strikes Peruvian Observatory
Authors: Scanlon Jim 
Published: October 2006

A midday blaze severely damaged the Geophysical Observatory at Huancayo, Peru, high in the Andes above Lima on August 28, 1996. The fire, which started accidentally, was one of a series of misfortunes suffered by the Peruvian Geophysical Institute (IGP) in recent years.The observatory, which was built in 1919 by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, is a 4‐hour drive by bus from the Pacific coast between cosmopolitan Lima and the Amazonian lowlands. From the late 1980s until 1992, the observatory was isolated from the international community due to political developments in Peru, namely the Maoist Communist insurrection known as Sendero Luminoso. The turmoil resulted in the loss of nearly all cooperative contracts with American universities for research at Huancayo. IGP did maintain a few contracts, such as one with Cornell for the Radio Observatory at Jicamarca in the northern part of the country.
Volcanic ash can pose hazards to air traffic
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

When volcanoes erupt, lava flows are what concern many people. But as air traffic increases, some scientists at agencies in the U.S. and abroad—including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and NASA—also are focusing on how to avoid costly and potentially deadly problems that can arise from volcanic ash clouds.The clouds can rise into the cruise altitude of aircraft and can affect traffic thousands of kilometers away from a volcano, as wind carries the ash. The ash can ruin planes, and cause loss of thrust and even flameouts. It also can slicken runways and damage planes on the ground.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Geodesy Section presented the following outstanding student paper awards at the 1998 Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, in July 1998.Craig Roberts presented a paper titled “Antenna Phase Centre Variation: Cause for Concern for Precise GPS Deformation Monitoring Applications.” Craig is a Ph.D. student at the School of Geomatic Engineering, University of New South Wales. He graduated from the University of South Australia with a bachelor of surveying in 1988. He began his career as a private surveyor in Adelaide.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Tectonophysics Section presented the following outstanding student paper awards at the 1998 Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, in July 1998.Yoshitaka Hashimoto presented a paper titled “Underplating Process from Melange Formation to Duplexing: Example from the Cretaceous Shimanto Subbelt, Kii Peninsula, SW Japan.” Yoshitaka earned his B.S. in geology and mining, and his M.S. in Earth and planetary science from Hokkaido University in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He currently is a Ph.D. candidate in the Geological Institute at Tokyo University under the supervision of Professor Gaku Kimura. The purpose of his thesis is to investigate the detailed process of underplating and the space‐time relationship of tectonic melange formation and duplexing mechanisms from underthrusting to underplating. His future research interests focus on the study of veins, lithification progress in subduction zone, the relationship between deformation and pore water, seismic fronts, and understanding why underplating occurs.
New developments in ecological hydrology expand research opportunities
Authors: Post D. A. , Grant G. E. , Jones J. A. 
Published: October 2006

Interdisciplinary research efforts to integrate the ecological aspects of water with its physical and societal roles have a long history as well as some interesting new developments. Small, paired, experimental watersheds, with their long‐term monitoring systems for data collection and their integrated ecosystem approach to analysis, have been at the center of recent advances.A study now under way at such watersheds could provide a common analytic framework in ecological hydrology. The study, funded by the National Science Foundation through the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network [Swanson and Franklin, 1988], is identifying interactions among vegetation, climate, and streamflow at sites that have been studied individually for decades (Figure 1). Work so far has concentrated on seasonal variations at Andrews, Coweeta, Hubbard Brook, Luquillo, and Casper Creek, which reflect a range of precipitation amounts, types, and timing, as well as a range of forest vegetation types (Figure 2). Initial results are available on the project's Web site at www.fsl.orst.edu/~post/hydro.
Lectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Samelson Roger M. 
Published: October 2006

The fluid kaleidoscope of the Earth's ocean and atmosphere churns and sparkles with jets, gyres, eddies, waves, streams, and cyclones. These vast circulations, essential elements of the physical environment that support human life, are given a special character by the Earth's rotation and by their confinement to a shallow surficial layer, thin relative to the solid Earth in roughly the same proportion as an apple skin is to an apple. Geophysical fluid dynamics exploits this special character to develop a unified theoretical approach to the physics of the ocean and atmosphere.With Lectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Rick Salmon has added an insightful and provocative volume to the handful of authoritative texts currently available on the subject. The book is intended for first‐year graduate students, but advanced students and researchers also will find it useful. It is divided into seven chapters, the first four of these adapted from course lectures. The book is well written and presents a fresh and stimulating perspective that complements existing texts. It would serve equally well either as the main text for a core graduate curriculum or as a supplementary resource for students and teachers seeking new approaches to both classical and contemporary problems. A lively set of footnotes contains many references to very recent work. The printing is attractive, the binding is of high quality, and typographical errors are few.
More AGU Fall Meeting highlights
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The AGU Fall Meeting features a number of oral and poster sessions in multidisciplinary union category, and in each of AGU's geoscience sections. Some sessions are organized around themes of educational enrichment; climate and global change, including El Niño; deep Earth processes and structures; natural hazards; human impacts on the environment; mineral and rock physics; and polar processes.While recent Eos news articles have focused on some upcoming sessions, here is a quick look at several more.
The Electrical Nature of Storms
Authors: Orville Richard E. 
Published: October 2006

I am a biased reviewer. Last spring, I purchased nine copies of The Electrical Nature of Storms, five for my research group and four for our department library. In August, AGU sent me my 10th copy to review and said that I could keep it. So I have 1 % of the initial printing and invite you to acquire the remaining 99%.This book developed from the authors' two decades of experience divided between the National Severe Storms Laboratory in Norman, Oklahoma, and the meteorology and physics departments at the University of Oklahoma. The result is a modern, up‐to‐date, graduate‐level textbook on the electrical processes of storms. A fundamental understanding of meteorology and physics is sufficient to comprehend most of the text.
Imagers view comet Hale‐Bopp's sodium tail
Authors: Kupperman D. G. , Paxton L. J. , Carbary J. , Romick G. J. , Feldman P. D. 
Published: October 2006

Ultraviolet, visible, and spectrographic imagers (UVISI) aboard the MSX satellite observed the sodium tail of comet Hale‐Bopp last year and successfully modeled it using a point source at the nucleus, or inner coma. UVISI also observed the comet's dust and ion tails (Figure 1).The derived abundance of sodium is much lower than cosmic abundances, suggesting detection of only a fraction of the sodium in the comet [Kupperman et al., 1998; Cremonese et al., 1997]. The additional sodium may remain in the nucleus, in molecular species, or in the dust grains.