bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of LASIK in the correction of high myopia
Authors: LINDBOHM NM , TUISKU IS , TERVO TM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: LASIK is widely used in the correction of moderate and high myopia, even though reports on long‐term results are few. We carried out this study to evaluate long‐term results, stability and patient satisfaction after LASIK for high myopia. Methods: The study included 77 eyes of 47 patients who underwent LASIK for myopia of over ‐10 D in our hospital in the years 1999 to 2003. Preoperative and early postoperative data, including uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity and refraction, were collected retrospectively from hospital files. An additional examination with satisfaction query was performed 2 to 5 years after the operation. Results: After a follow‐up of 2 to 5 years, 40% of the patients were within 1.0 D from the original intended refraction, 70% within 2.0 D, and 91% within 3.0 D. Only one eye lost 2 Snellen lines of visual acuity, while 3 eyes gained two lines and the rest had no significant change. Regression was mild but statistically significant in long term, with mean spherical equivalent being ‐1.2 D at one month, ‐1.8 D at 6 months, and ‐1.9 D at two to five years. Nine eyes had mild postoperative complications which all resolved without permanent consequences, and none developed keratectasia. All except one patient were very satisfied with the results, and would have chosen the operation again. Conclusions: In conclusion, with careful patient selection and safety precautions, LASIK is a safe and relatively predictable alternative in the treatment of myopia of ‐10 to ‐17 D.
Treatment of epiphora in infants
Authors: STIRN KRANJC B 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To discuss the reasons of epiphora in infants and the natural history, treatment of lacrimal drainage system obstruction. In excluded excessive tear production epiphora means watery eyes in drainage failure. All parts of the lacrimal passages can be obstructed or anomalous, including lid malposition, skeletal, sinus malformation. Methods: Clinical practice with retrospective interventional case series in children (0‐60 months) with epiphora. Descriptive analysis of a five year period, over 500 children.Complete resolution of symptoms counted as a patent tear outlow system. Results: Systemic associations were rare, a few children with Down sydrome had nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Only 7 of over 500 children who had undergone lacrimal duct probing needed dacryocystorhinostomy and intubation. All these children have presented recurrent dacryocystitis without orbital celulitis. The microbial profile of the positive cultures consisted of Gram‐positive and or Gram‐ negative bacteria, mostly of Staph. aureus, Str. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, all sensitive to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin and to at least 5 other out of 8‐10 tested antibiotics. No complications of probing or surgery were seen. Conclusions: Probing and irrigation of lacrimal ducts is highly effective, safe and simple procedure even after the first year of age, though so far not determined whether probing really shortens the duration of epiphora. Spontaneous improvement is possible at any age. On the other hand early probing in dacryocystocele can reduce the incidence of dacryocystitis.
Autosomal dominant recurrent erosions – from non‐existing to being everywhere
Authors: HAMMAR B , FAGERHOLM P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To describe phenotypes of autosomal dominantly inherited corneal dystrophies characterized by recurrent corneal erosions in Sweden. Methods: We have presented data about families with autosomal dominantly inherited recurrent erosions at national meetings in Sweden for 5 years and urged colleagues to report their existence to us. Their reports have led us to investigate several families. Interviews and clinical examinations were made to establish a pedigree and the specific phenotype for each family. Results: Five families with more than fifty members have been found. The largest was a seven‐generation family with 342 members. Another 12 smaller families have been identified. Altogether 870 family members of whom 202 were affected were included. The families originated from all parts of Sweden and one also included members in Finland.The phenotypes vary. For example, the onset were usually at the age of 4‐6 years, but in one family before 12 months of age. Also corneal opacifications of varying type and degree were found. In one family opacifications were first noted at the age of about 7 years, but usually first seen at the age of 20‐40 years.Vitamin B complex treatment was effectively employed to reduce symptoms and number of recurrences in a family with 175 members. In another family phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) cured the recurrent erosions. In yet other families neither vitamin B supplementation nor PTK has been the cure when tried. Conclusions: It seems that inherited recurrent erosions are more common in Sweden than was first believed. Phenotypically it appears to be several different corneal diseases.The ongoing molecular genetic work‐up will disclose if several genes are involved and/or several mutations in one or more genes.
Congenital aniridia
Authors: POPPER M , BAUSZ M , TURI E , SENYI K , KNEZY K , SUVEGES I 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Our purpose was to analyze the various ocular manifestations, treatment options, and the possible outcome of congenital aniridia (CA) a rare and severe developmental disorder. Methods: 52 eyes of 26 patients were regularly checked with full eye examination including anterior segment photography. Electrophysiology, OCT, UBM, and glaucoma testing was done if appropriate. The mean age at the last examination was 17.6 years (range: 2 months – 72 years). Results: The best corrected visual acuity was: 0.2 (ranging from no light perception to 0.6). 20 cases were sporadic and 6 cases showed autosomal dominant inheritance in 3 families. A deletion including band p13 of the short arm of chromosome 11 was found in one familial and one sporadic case.Associated ocular signs were nystagmus (88.5%), congenital cataract (61.5%), and ectopia lentis (3.8%). 14 eyes of 10 cases needed cataract surgery. Secondary glaucoma occurred in 24 eyes of 12 patients, with severe outcome in 15 eyes of 8 patients despite treatment. Aniridic keratopathy occurred in 23 eyes of 12 patients; in 3 cases keratoplasty was performed. One patient had aniridia on one eye, and iris coloboma on the fellow eye confirming the common origin of the two diseases. Interestingly, no Wilms tumor occurred in our series, but mental deficits were found in 4 patients. Conclusions: Secondary glaucoma is the most severe complication of CA. It can appear in relatively young age, is relatively resistant to treatment, and the earlier the onset, the worse the prognosis. Risk factors for vision loss included eye surgeries at young age. Moreover, the outcome of cataract‐surgery is limited by foveal hypoplasia and the progression of glaucoma.
Wedge resection for high astigmatism in penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus: refractive and histopathologic changes
Authors: DE LA PAZ MF 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: to analyze the refractive, topographic, keratometric and histopathologic changes in wedge resection to correct high astigmatism in penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. Methods: A retrospective study was done analysing the following parameters pre‐operatively, at 1 and 3 years post‐operatively: UCVA, BCVA, spherical equivalent, refractive, topographic and keratometric cylinder. We also studied the index of efficacy and safety, as well as the histopathologic results of tissues submitted for analysis. Results: A total of 22 eyes of 21 patients who underwent PKP for advanced keratoconus and wedge resection for high astigmatism 18 years following PKP were included in the study. Mean follow‐up time was 3.2 years. All refractive, topographic and keratometric data showed the lowest degree of astigmatism at three years post‐op with a tendency towards regression towards five years post‐op. Safety index was 1.6 while efficacy index was 0.4. The corrected refractive cylinder at 3 years follow‐up was 55,2% while the corrected topographic cylinder was 53% at 3 years. All histopathologic sections of resected tissue were consistent with keratoconus. Conclusions: Wedge resection is safe and moderately efficacious in the correction of high astigmatism post PKP for keratoconus. As previously published by the same authors, our study corroborates that there is a tendency towards regression of the desired cylindrical correction thru time. Keratoconus may be a disease that affects the entire cornea and surgical resection does not treat the disease.
Foundations of lens ion transport
Authors: DELAMERE NA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Prof. George Duncan began work on the lens almost 40 years ago. His studies laid the foundation for our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lens electrolyte content. Methods: In the late 1960s Prof. Duncan conducted microelectrode and tracer flux studies that illustrated a link between ion transport, osmotic balance and lens transparency. Results: His work defined the permeability properties of lens membranes and the requirement for equilibrium between passive ion movement and active ion transport. Later, Prof. Duncan and his colleagues at the University of East Anglia carried out an analysis of human cataractous lenses that revealed abnormal sodium, potassium, calcium and water levels in lenses with cortical opacification. Prof. Duncan presented the argument that the lens swells, calcium rises and cellular organization is disrupted if active sodium‐potassium transport fails to balance cation leakage. Over the course of several years, the University of East Anglia group discovered evidence for a high degree of cooperativity between fiber and epithelial cells. Prof. Duncan’s discoveries became the foundation for later studies by his group and others that showed certain lens cells are specialized for active ion transport and shift ions for the entire lens. Conclusions: In recent years more has been learned regarding expression and regulation of Na,K‐ATPase in lens epithelium and fibers. Recent studies by Tamiya, Okafor and Delamere (Am. J. Physiol. 2007 In Press) point to alterations of Na,K‐ATPase activity subsequent to stimulation of purinergic receptors. It is interesting that one of the earliest reports on functional purinergic receptors in lens epithelium came from Prof. Duncan and the University of East Anglia group.
Effect of Travoprost and Brinzolamide on ocular hemodynamics
Authors: STALMANS I , VANDEWALLE E , VANBELLINGHEN V , ZEYEN T 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical travoprost and brinzolamide on retrobulbar flow velocities and ocular pulse amplitude in glaucoma patients. Methods: Twenty patients with glaucoma underwent color doppler imaging of the central retinal, temporal and nasal short posterior ciliary and ophthalmic artery, as well as Pascal dynamic contour tonometry and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurement at baseline without treatment (timepoint 1, T1), after 1 month of travoprost (T2) and subsequently after 3 months of travoprost and brinzolamide (T3). A multivariate model was used to evaluate the changes in retrobulbar flow velocities and OPA. Results: In the temporal posterior ciliary artery, the flow velocities remained unchanged after administration of travoprost (7.9 at T1 versus 7.7 cm/s at T2, p=0.55 and 2.6 versus 2.7 cm/s, p=0.36 for peak systolic and end diastolic velocity respectively). Peak systolic velocity significantly increased after addition of brinzolamide compared to travoprost alone (8.7 cm/s at T3, p=0.003), which was a borderline increase as compared to baseline (p=0.05), whereas end diastolic velocity significantly increased as compared to baseline (2.9 cm/s, p=0.001). Ocular pulse amplitude did not change after administration of travoprost (p=0.19), but decreased markedly after addition of brinzolamide (p=0.005) despite a more important intra‐ocular pressure reduction with travoprost than after addition of brinzolamide. Conclusions: Flow velocities improved only in the temporal posterior ciliary artery after topical treatment with travoprost and brinzolamide in glaucoma patients. Ocular pulse amplitude decreased significantly with brinzolamide added to travoprost, but not with travoprost alone.
Is corneal hysteresis an additional risk factor for glaucoma?
Authors: POURJAVAN S , BERKOUK K , DETRY‐ MOREL M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: 1. To assess the correlation and agreement between Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).2. To investigate the corneal hysteresis (CH) and the Corneal Resistance factor (CRF) in normal subjects and glaucomatous patients. Methods: Prospective controlled study including one eye at random of 41 normal subjects and 45 glaucoma patients with optic disc alteration and visual field defect.The IOP was determined by GAT and ten minutes later by ORA followed by pachymetry.Corneal‐Compensated Intraocular Pressure (IOPcc), Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) and CH were considered for analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland‐Altman plots were used to evaluate the correlation and the agreement between the two devices. Results: The mean CCT was 558±35 μm in normal subjects and 540±38 μm in glaucoma patients. The mean GAT was 17.0±2.5 mmHg for normals and 17.8±6.5 mmHg for glaucoma group. The mean IOPcc was 14.2±3.9 mmHg in normal subjects and 17.5±6.3 mmHg in glaucoma.• The GAT and IOPcc values were correlated in both group (p<0.01).• There was a significant correlation between CCT and CH in all patients (p<0.05).•CH and CRF values were significantly lower in glaucoma group (p<0.05) Conclusions: •The CH and CRF values are significantly lower in glaucoma patients comparing to normal subjects.
Reduced choroidal blood flow parameters play a role in the development of neovascular AMD
Authors: WEIGERT G , SCHMETTERER L , LUKSCH A , MAAR N , ERGUN E , WIMPISSINGER B , GARHOFER G , FUCHSJAEGER‐MAYRL G , STUR M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The factors that trigger neovascular AMD are still not completely elucidated. We performed a study in order to investigate if reduced choroidal blood flow parameters are a risk factor for the development of neovascular AMD. Methods: We performed an observational longitudinal 3‐years follow up study. 41 patients with unilateral CNV and non‐exudative AMD in the study eye were included. Choroidal blood flow (CBF) and fundus pulsation amplitude (FPA) were measured using a compact laser Doppler flowmeter and a laser interferometer, respectively. Patients were devided into two groups. Patients, who developed CNV were assigned group 1 and patients who did not, group 2. A non‐paired t‐test was used to compare choroidal hemodynamic parameters between the two study groups. Results: 17 patients developed CNV, 20 patients did not develop CNV and 4 patients were lost for follow up. Patients in group 1 (16.2 ± 3.00 AU) showed lower CBF values as compared to patients in group 2 (18.9 ± 3.74 AU; p = 0.021 between groups). Correspondingly, group 1 (3.58 ± 1.05 μm) had lower FPA values than group 2 (2.96 ± 0.71 μm; p = 0.045 between groups). Conclusions: The current study strengthens the hypothesis that choroidal hypoperfusion plays a role in the development of CNV in AMD.
Functional anatomy, innervation and immune regulation of the ocular surface
Authors: KNOP N , KNOP E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The functional anatomy of the ocular surface prominently contributes to the visual function of the eye. It is aimed to describe the complexity of this system. Methods: Own results on histological, immunohistological, ultrastructural and biochemical level in the human and the rabbit eye are discussed together with results from the literature. Results: The ocular surface in a functional view consists of the mucosal surfaces of the globe and lid (cornea & conjunctiva) and of its mucosal adnexa (lacrimal gland & lacrimal drainage system) and it also includes the lid apparatus required for eye closure and blinking in order to provide lubrication. Different functional systems interact to produce the intact functional anatomy. These are e.g. epithelial differentiation, secretion, lid motion and immune defence that together lead to the higher order function of wetting and comfort. Ultimately they allow the preservation of corneal clarity and visual function at the ocular surface level. These systems are governed by similar underlying regulatory mechanisms as e.g. growth factors, cytokines, hormones, neuromodulatory molecules and innervation which are all shown to be involved in ocular surface function and also interact through common signalling molecules. An important functional system is the immunological defence system of the ocular surface that is known as the Eye‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue (EALT) and appears to have a central integrative role. Conclusions: Different functional systems interact at the ocular surface by interactions based on common signalling molecules, which may also allow psycho‐neuro‐immunological regulation. An integrative understanding of the physiological state may also give insight into potential interventions under pathologic conditions.
Twelve hour variability of ocular blood flow parameters in healthy subjects and patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: SCHMETTERER L , GEORGOPOULOS M , VASS C , LUKSCH A , FUCHSJAEGER‐MAYRL G , GARHOFER G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Ocular perfusion abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). More specifically it has been reported that POAG is associated with vascular dysregulation and ischemia/reperfusion phenomena. In the present study we compared the twelve hour variability of ocular blood flow parameters in healthy subjects and patients with POAG. Methods: In 16 patients with POAG and 16 healthy age‐matched controls ocular and systemic blood flow parameters and intraocular pressure was measured every 2 hours over 12 hours. Ocular hemodynamic measurements included optic nerve head blood flow and choroidal blood flow assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry, fundus pulsation amplitude assessed with laser interferometry and retrobulbar blood velocities with color Doppler imaging. A repeated measures ANOVA model was used to compare variability among these measurements between the two groups of patients. Results: Most of the outcome variables showed higher fluctuations in patients with PAOG than in healthy controls. These changes were not associated with ocular perfusion pressure or intraocular pressure. Changes over time were, however, correlated among the different ocular hemodynamic outcome measures in patients with POAG, but not in healthy controls. Conclusions: Patients with POAG show an abnormal diurnial fluctuation of ocular blood flow parameters. Since we observed correlations between these fluctuations as assessed with different methods this does not appear to be related to statistical errors associated with the measurement techniques. These data support the hypothesis of vascular dysregulation in POAG.
Trabeculectomy with or without adjustable flap sutures and anterior chamber maintainer
Authors: ZEYEN T , VANDEWALLE E , RENIER C , VAN DE VEIRE S , STALMANS I 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy with or without adjustable flap sutures and anterior chamber (AC) maintainer. Methods: 32 patients (64 eyes) were included in this prospective study. One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to a trabeculectomy with 2 adjustable and 2 releasable flap sutures + an AC maintainer (technique 1) while the other eye had a trabeculectomy with 2 releasable flap sutures + a viscoelastic (technique 2). The rest of the operation was similar in both eyes. Mitomycin‐C was used in 50% of the patients in each group. The postoperative management was equal in both groups except for the manipulation of the adjustable sutures. The main outcome measures were the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the frequency of early postoperative complications. Results: 32 patients were included and had a follow‐up of at least 24 months. The mean pre‐ and postoperative IOP at 24 months was 22.1 ± 7.6 and 13.3 ± 2 mmHg for technique 1, and 22.7 ± 6.8 and 13.3 ± 3.4 for technique 2 (p=0.18). Early postoperative complications were infrequent and comparable in both techniques. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of both trabeculectomy techniques were comparable.
Calcium signalling can be bad for you: thapsigargin and PCO prevention
Authors: WORMSTONE IM , WANG L , DUNCAN G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) remains a significant clinical problem after cataract surgery. The Perfect Capsule device (Milvella, Ltd) permits the introduction and subsequent removal of potentially toxic agents into the closed capsular bag. The present study aimed to determine the influence of thapsigargin (Tg) exposure on lens cell viability. Methods: FHL124 cells were routinely cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (EMEM). DNA and protein synthesis rates were quantified by measuring the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine and 35S‐methionine. Longer‐term growth was assessed by quantifying the increase in area over time of a circular patch of seeded cells. Human capsular bags were prepared from donor eyes and sealed with the Perfect Capsule device. 100uM Tg was introduced for 2 minutes. The bags were then perfused with EMEM and an IOL inserted before the bags were dissected and pinned to the base of plastic culture dishes and maintained in EMEM for 28 days. Results: Continuous exposure of >100 nM Tg to FHL124 cells for 24 hours significantly inhibited both protein and DNA synthesis. A 2 minute exposure of Tg resulted in a complete loss of viable cells following 4 days of culture. A 2 minute application of 100uM Tg to the capsular bag using the perfect capsule system did not immediately eliminate the residual lens cell population, however, by 4 weeks there were no surviving cells in Tg treated bags while a confluent cover of the posterior capsule was observed in controls. Conclusions: Thapsigargin inhibits cell proliferation and protein synthesis resulting in decreased survival rates. Application of thapsigargin at the time of cataract surgery for a 2 minute period using the Perfect Capsule system provides a promising means of preventing PCO.