bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic exposure in a copper smelter as related to histological type of lung cancer
Authors: Wicks Merrill J. , Archer Victor E. , Auerbach Oscar , Kuschner Marvin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTissue samples from lung cancer patients who had worked at a copper smelter and from controls were collected and classified by a panel of pathologists: 38% of the cancers were found to be adenocarcinomas, compared to 12% among the controls, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The predominance of adenocarcinomas was associated with arsenic exposure. This finding is not consistent with Kreyberg's hypothesis that small‐cell undifferentiated and epidermoid carcinomas are the only type that increase in response to inhaled carcinogens [1962].
Influence of arsenic exposure and smoking on lung cancer among smelter workers: A pilot study
Authors: Higgins Ian , Welch Kathy , Oh Mary , Bond Gregory , Hurwitz Paul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA pilot study of 300 smelter workers from the cohort reported by Lee and Fraumeni [1969] has been studied: 150 men from their heavy exposure group and 150 men from the rest of the cohort randomly selected. Usable smoking habits were obtained from 86% of the sample. Estimates of the total lifetime work exposure were made from available measurements. A very high risk of lung cancer (SMR 1429) was observed among the most heavily exposed workers. Excess risks, though still present, were much less in those with lower exposures. There was a lower proportion of nonsmokers among the heavily exposed arsenic workers than among the other workers. This suggests that there may be some interaction between smoking and arsenic exposure. Moreover, comparison of smoking habits reported by smelter workers suggested that, as a group, they smoked more heavily than average for the United States population. A small study of proxy smoking histories suggested that these were valid and unbiased. The work continues on an enlarged sample.
Arsenic‐related hepatic angiosarcoma
Authors: Falk H. , Caldwell G. G. , Ishak K. G. , Thomas L. B. , Popper H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractData from several small autopsy series in German vintners in the 1940s and 1950s and a number of case reports have previously suggested that arsenic is a cause of hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS). In a nationwide review of deaths from HAS in the United States, we identified seven cases with a history of prolonged use of Fowler's solution (inorganic potassium arsenite), which provide further support for the association of arsenic exposure and HAS. An epidemiologic study of a cohort of individuals treated long‐term with Fowler's solution might confirm this association.
Lead exposure of welders and bystanders in a ship repair yard
Authors: Grandjean Philippe , Kon Steven H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBlood samples were collected from 126 long‐term ship repair workers and 42 retirees. Lead concentrations were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three groups with different degrees of lead exposure were identified: (1)59 welders, burners, and combination men (median blood lead, 39 μg/100 ml); (2) 67 painters, laborers, shipfitters, riggers, and other ship repair workers (median blood lead, 26 μg/100 ml); and (3) 42 retired welders, painters, and shipfitters (median blood lead, 23 μg/100 ml). Thirty active ship repair workers, including 28 welders and burners, had blood lead concentrations above the OSHA “action level” of 40 μg/100 ml. Increased levels in several men without direct exposures to lead were apparently caused by “bystander's exposure.” In the retirees, blood lead levels decreased with increasing length of retirement. Thus, after eight or more years, the average level was below 20 μg/100 ml.
Delayed onset sandstone pneumoconiosis: A case report
Authors: Symanski H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn unusual case of silicosis is described in a worker who inhaled the dust of pure silica while working in a sandstone quarry. The exposure lasted only eight years. In 1980, 45 years after exposure ceased, severe clinical manifestations of silicosis appeared for the first time. The chest X‐ray showed a pneumoconiosis A 2mn/A2 Mn Cor, em, hilus, based on the International Classification of Geneva, 1958. A diagnosis of sandstone pneumoconiosis was made. The case is one further example of late‐occurring disease appearing after a latency of several decades.
Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry
Authors: Braier Leon , Levy Ashley , Dror Klaus , Pardo Asher 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDeterminations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head‐space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work‐place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.
Screening for occupational health hazards in the rubber industry. Part I
Authors: Weeks James L. , Peters John M. , Monson Richard R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMultiphasic health testing (MHT) is often offered to populations of workers usually with the objective of identifying individuals who may be ill. Results are typically not analyzed in relation to estimates of workplace exposure. We describe the results of combining MHT with industrial hygiene assessment of workplace exposures as a method of identifying possible health hazards rather than merely potentially ill individuals. MHT was offered to all production and maintenance workers employed at a tire manufacturing plant. Of 954, 744 participated. We measured worker exposure to respirable particulates, solvent vapor, and noise. We computed the frequency of positive screens among workers classified by exposure and compared these frequencies with expected values adjusted for confounding variables including age, sex, race, and smoking and drinking habits. Workers exposed to higher concentrations of respirable particulates exhibited signs of respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity. Workers exposed to emissions from heated, uncured rubber undergoing plastic deformation reported chest tightness on return to work. We conclude that combining MHT with assessment of workplace exposure is a valid method for identifying possible occupational health hazards.
Screening for occupational health hazards in the rubber industry. Part II: Health hazards in the curing department
Authors: Weeks James L. , Peters John M. , Monson Richard R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMultiphasic health testing was provided to 744 rubber workers at a tire manufacturing plant. Sixty‐two white males from this population had worked longest in the curing department. Personal exposure to respirable particulates was measured for curing press operators. Outcome on screening tests for curing workers was compared with that of 280 white males at this same plant who had never worked in departments known to include jobs where they could have been exposed to respiratory health hazards. Employment in the curing department is associated with shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheeze, loss of FEV‐1 and FVC, decline of FEV‐1/FVC, and tingling and numbness in the extremities. These associations are stronger with increased duration of employment in the curing department. This paper further demonstrates the potential for using multiphasic health testing combined with measurements of workplace exposure for identifying occupational health hazards.
Amphibole fibers in a taconite mine and in the lungs of the miners
Authors: Gylseth Bjørn , Norseth Tor , Skaug Vidar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFibers of the amphibole mineral series have been demonstrated in the dust from an open taconite ore mine. Though the total dust levels in some places are high, exposures to fibers are below one fiber/cc. The energy dispersive X‐ray spectra of the amphibole fibers correspond to those of cummingtonite‐grunerite, hornblende, or actinolite. The same type and size distribution of fibers were found during post mortem analyses of lung tissue from two previously exposed miners. The pathological examination revealed an undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of left lung as well as pulmonary fibrosis in one of the cases. In the second case a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of left lung was found along with silicosis.
Developments in education in occupational medicine in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lee W. R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPostgraduate medical education in the United Kingdom has changed. Now, five years of undergraduate training merely prepare a doctor for postgraduate training, whatever his specialty will be. After undergraduate training (and a year in hospital) all doctors do three years General Professional Training followed by some four years Higher Specialist Training.Occupational physicians do the same General Professional Training as physicians or primary care general practitioners. Their Higher Specialist Training lasts four years and is based on supervised practical experience in the factory or other place of work. After the first two years of this they take an examination covering the broad field of occupational medicine (AFOM). After the next two years of supervised practical experience the doctor has to present evidence of special study and can then become a specialist (MFOM).In the U.K. about 70% of occupational physicians work part time. Their supervised practical experience is therefore spread over a longer period. Many stop at the AFOM. If, later in their career, they change to full time in occupational medicine, they can proceed to the specialist qualification (MFOM).Most part‐timers do other work and therefore cannot go away to one of the few universities that provide courses for the AFOM. Those who live near one of the few universities can go on day release. A “distance teaching” project has been started to take teaching material on occupational medicine such as audio tapes, tape slides, and video tapes to these doctors. It will be supplemented by local seminars and short courses at universities.
Long‐term occupational lead exposure, chronic nephropathy, and renal cancer: A case report
Authors: Lilis Ruth 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe case of a 61 ‐year‐old male with repeated episodes of overt clinical lead poisoning and courses of chelation therapy during his 34 years of employment in a secondary lead smelter is presented. Renal function impairment with elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and with markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate was detected several years before the discovery of a clear cell adenocarcinoma of the right kidney. After successful surgical removal of the tumor, the patient's renal function continued its previous trend of slow deterioration.
Byssinosis — An historical perspective
Authors: Corn Jacqueline Karnell 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBased on the history of the growing awareness and recognition of ailments associated with the manufacture of cotton, it is concluded that recognition of byssinosis in the United States came late. In the American south byssinosis existed in an industry and within a social framework that helped to retard the acceptance of byssinosis as an undesirable but controllable disease. As late as the 1960s, United States medical opinion declared the disease nonexistent in American textile mills. In 1970, the scientific community showed that byssinosis existed in the United States. Mobilization of public opinion, changes in social attitudes, new scientific evidence, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act led to the setting of a standard to control and eradicate byssinosis. Controversy and debate over policy have brought the impact of scientific, sociopolitical, and economic inputs into health policy decisions, the altering perceptions of hazard, and the continually changing definition of risk into focus.
Evaluation of the neurophysiologic effects of 1,2‐propylene glycol dinitrate by quantitative ataxia and oculomotor function tests
Authors: Horvath Edward P. , Ilka Richard A. , Boyd James , Markham Thomas 
Published: April 2007

Abstract1.2‐Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN), a nitrated ester found in the torpedo propellant Otto Fuel II, has been suspected of causing neurologic and cardiovascular effects. This study evaluated the possible acute and chronic neurophysiologic toxicity of PGDN in U.S. Navy torpedo facilities. The test procedures included a medical and occupational history, neuro‐opthalmologic examination, and quantitative tests of both oculomotor function and ataxia. A study population of 87 workers chronically exposed (CE) to PGDN during torpedo maintenance procedures was compared to a group of 21 controls (CON). Although workers often complained of vascular effects (headaches, nasal congestion), no evidence of chronic neurotoxicity was found, even among a subgroup of workers (CESUB) with the longest total duration of exposure.To detect possible acute effects, 29 subjects from the study group were tested before and immediately after PGDN exposure during a torpedo maintenance procedure or turnaround (TA). These personnel had a statistically significant decline in saccade velocity and a prolongation of saccade delay time, even though most peak airborne concentrations of PGDN were well below 0.2 ppm.
Pulmonary function in firefighters: A six‐year follow‐up in the boston fire department
Authors: Musk A. W. , Peters J. M. , Bernstein L. , Rubin C. , Monroe C. B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTests of ventilatory capacity, objective cough, and standardized respiratory questionnaires were used in a prospective study to measure the effect of firefighting on pulmonary function in a cohort of 951 white Boston firefighters between 1970‐1976. During the six years of follow‐up, the mean annual decrements in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 36 and 29 ml per year, respectively. At the end of the study in 1976, the mean FEV1 for this group was 98.3% of the level predicted for healthy nonsmoking adults, while the FVC was 97.8%. Current cigarette smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of bronchitis, a loose cough, reduced levels of FEV1 and FVC, and increased longitudinal changes in FEV1 and FVC. The longitudinal changes and current levels of FEV1 and FVC were not correlated with any index of firefighting exposure in active firefighters. Increased use of protective respiratory apparatus and previously described selection effects within the Boston Fire Department appear to be protecting this group of firefighters from long‐term effects of smoke exposure as measured by these techniques.
Incremental value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos‐induced pleural disease
Authors: Baker Edward L. , Greene Reginald 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo assess the value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos‐related pleural disease, we identified 100 asbestos‐exposed construction workers and provided separate interpretations of the postero‐anterior (PA), left anterior oblique (LAO), and right anterior oblique (RAO) projections using the International Labour Office (ILO) system. We found that the LAO projection identified left‐sided pleural thickening more effectively than the PA view and the RAO view improved diagnosis of right‐sided disease comparably. Of 62 cases of bilateral pleural thickening, only 43 (68%) were diagnosed by the PA projection alone. The increased diagnostic efficiency of approximately 50% in identifying bilateral pleural thickening appears to justify the routine use of oblique chest films in screening asbestos‐exposed populations. Since bilateral pleural thickening among asbestos‐exposed workers is an indicator of significant asbestos exposure and increased risk of other asbestos‐induced conditions, early detection of this abnormality can lead to interventions designed to reduce asbestos‐related morbidity and mortality.
Electrophysiologic changes in workers with “low” blood lead levels
Authors: Bordo Bianca , Massetto Nicoletta , Musicco Massimo , Filippini Graziella , Boeri Renato 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn spite of numerous studies, the minimum level of lead exposure at which “sub‐clinical” electrophysiologic abnormalities appear is still under discussion. Furthermore, it has not been clarified whether the electrophysiologic changes are directly related to PbB levels or to duration of exposure. This study was conducted on a group of 62 subjects occupationally exposed to lead with average blood lead levels below 50 μg/100 ml and durations of exposure of less than 10 years. A reduction of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and sensory action potential amplitude of the median nerve was found in the subjects exposed to lead, as compared with a control group. Such abnormalities were already present in workers with the lowest blood lead levels, but were more severe in workers whose blood lead levels had exceeded 70 μg/100 ml, even if this occurred only once in the last two years. The electrophysiologic changes did not correlate with duration of exposure but occurred very soon after initial exposure to lead.
Assessment of lead health hazards in a body shop of an automobile assembly plant
Authors: Lilis Ruth , Valciukas José A. , Kon Steven , Sarkosi Laszlo , Campbell Carla , Selikoff Irving J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study of an occupationally lead‐exposed group in the automobile assembly industry (body shop employees) has provided information with regard to current and recent lead‐exposure levels characteristic for these operations. Comparison with findings in other, previously studied occupational groups (secondary smelter workers) indicated that current and recent lead exposure was significantly lower in the autobody shop employees.Prevalence of symptoms was found to be higher than in a control, non‐lead‐exposed group of maintenance workers in the same plant, but the differences reached the level of statistical significance only sporadically. Long‐term effects on renal function, as reflected in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, were documented to be significant in this group of autobody shop employees. When compared with two secondary lead smelter populations previously studied, correlations between indicators of renal function, BUN and creatinine, and duration of lead exposure were consistently higher in the secondary lead smelter populations than in the group of autobody‐shop employees, although duration of lead exposure was greater in the latter.These findings are consistent with a dose‐response relationship with regard to renal function impairment due to lead absorption. An increased prevalence of hypertension, especially diastolic, was also found, probably the consequence of renal effect.
Radiographic progression of asbestosis
Authors: Suoranta Hannu , Huuskonen Matti S. , Zitting Anders , Juntunen Juhani 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA group of 85 patients with roentgenological evidence of asbestosis were examined on two occasions within a three‐ to four‐year interval, first in 1976‐1977 and again in 1979‐1981. During this follow‐up period, the asbestosis (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis) of 26 (31%) showed progression. The cases with either moderate or advanced fibrosis showed progression more often than those who initially had manifested only slight fibrosis. Included in the group whose interstitial fibrosis showed radiographic progression were asbestos sprayers and cigarette smokers.
The role of macrophages and immunocytes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases due to mineral dusts
Authors: Pernis Benvenuto , Vigliani Enrico C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is considerable evidence of generalized stimulation of the immune system in pulmonry dust diseases. This stimulation involves both the T‐ and the B‐arms of the immune system. A reasonable explanation of this immune stimulation resides in an effect of the mineral dusts on the macrophages. This effect is likely to be mediated by the production of interleukin‐1. Since the same substance also stimulates fibroblasts, a unified view of the pathogenesis of pulmonary dust diseases is now possible.
Periodic urine cytology surveillance of bladder tumor incidence in dyestuff workers
Authors: Yamaguchi Naohito , Tazaki Hiroshi , Okubo Toshiteru , Toyama Toshio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe validity of urine cytology surveillance of occupational bladder tumor incidence was evaluated by reviewing the clinical history of nine bladder tumor cases found in dyestuff plant workers. A bladder tumor surveillance system has been organized for workers (179 active and 65 retired) who had been exposed to benzidine or beta‐naphthylamine in the plant. The system consists of two‐stage tests: periodic urine cytology as the first‐stage screening test, followed by, in suspicious cases, urological examinations as second‐stage tests. The urine cytology surveillance was found to be useful for two reasons: first, it detected tumors in five out of six cases surveyed by the system, and second, four cases screened by cytology had tumors curable by transurethral operation, while other cases underwent cystectomy.Calculated average latent periods from the first and last exposure was 26.4 years (SD = 6.0) and 14.0 years (SD = 6.2), respectively. This time period indicates that the surveillance system should continue to be used for the exposed group even after workers have ceased being exposed.
An outbreak of xylene intoxication in a hospital
Authors: Klaucke Douglas N. , Johansen Martin , Vogt Richard L 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOn January 3, 1980 an outbreak of illness occurred in 15 employees of a small community hospital. Symptoms included headache, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness or vertigo; the duration of illness ranged from 2 to 48 hours. The employees who became ill all worked in areas of the hospital served by one central ventilation system. None of the 180 persons working in other parts of the hospital developed symptoms requiring medical care. Less than 1 hour before the outbreak occurred, 1 liter of liquid xylene had been discarded down a sink drain in the pathology laboratory. Simulation experiments confirmed that xylene vapor could have been drawn into the room that contained the fan unit of the ventilation system. This outbreak illustrates an unusual route of exposure to a widely used laboratory chemical.
Mortality study of persons exposed to dioxin in a trichlorophenol‐process accident that occurred in the BASF AG on November 17,1953
Authors: Thiess A. M. , Frentzel‐Beyme R. , Link R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwenty‐seven years after an accident which occurred in the BASF, Ludwigshafen plant in 1953, a mortality study of persons exposed to dioxin in an uncontrolled reaction during a trichlorophenol process was undertaken. The follow‐up was 100% successful and involved 74 persons. Overall mortality (21 deaths) did not differ in this group from the rate expected in three external reference populations or from that observed in two internal comparison groups, where 18‐20 deaths were observed. Of the 21 deceased persons, 7 had cancer, compared with 4.1 expected. In addition, two other cases of cancer (one bronchial carcinoma, and one carcinoma of the prostate) are still alive. Three deaths due to stomach cancer, at ages 64, 66, and 69 years, were found, compared with 0.6 expected from regional mortality data. One stomach cancer occurred among 148 individuals in the two comparison cohorts.