bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct peptide profiling of lateral cell groups of the antennal lobes of Manduca sexta reveals specific composition and changes in neuropeptide expression during development
Authors: Utz Sandra , Huetteroth Wolf , Wegener Christian , Kahnt Jörg , Predel Reinhard , Schachtner Joachim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paired antennal lobes are the first integration centers for odor information in the insect brain. In the sphinx moth Manduca sexta, like in other holometabolous insects, they are formed during metamorphosis. To further understand mechanisms involved in the formation of this particularly well investigated brain area, we performed a direct peptide profiling of a well defined cell group (the lateral cell group) of the antennal lobe throughout development by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Although the majority of the about 100 obtained ion signals represent still unknown substances, this first peptidomic characterization of this cell group indicated the occurrence of 12 structurally known neuropeptides. Among these peptides are helicostatin 1, cydiastatins 2, 3, and 4, M. sexta‐allatotropin (Mas‐AT), M. sexta‐FLRFamide (Mas‐FLRFamide) I, II, and III, nonblocked Mas‐FLRFamide I, and M. sexta‐myoinhibitory peptides (Mas‐MIPs) III, V, and VI. The identity of two of the allatostatins (cydiastatins 3 and 4) and Mas‐AT were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF). During development of the antennal lobe, number and frequency of ion signals including those representing known peptides generally increased at the onset of glomeruli formation at pupal Stage P7/8, with cydiastatin 2, helicostatin 1, and Mas‐MIP V being the exceptions. Cydiastatin 2 showed transient occurrence mainly during the period of glomerulus formation, helicostatin 1 was restricted to late pupae and adults, while Mas‐MIP V occurred exclusively in adult antennal lobes. The power of the applied direct mass spectrometric profiling lies in the possibility of chemically identifying neuropeptides of a given cell population in a fast and reliable manner, at any developmental stage in single specimens. The identification of neuropeptides in the antennal lobes now allows to specifically address the function of these signaling molecules during the formation of the antennal lobe network. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Cell cycle inhibition and retinoblastoma protein overexpression prevent Purkinje cell death in organotypic slice cultures
Authors: Padmanabhan Jaya , Brown Kristy , Shelanski Michael L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurkinje cells are vulnerable to a number of physical, chemical, and genetic insults during development and maturity. Normal development of these cells depends on the cell‐cell interactions between granule and astroglial cell populations. Apoptotic death in Purkinje neurons had been shown to be associated with cell cycle activation, and new DNA synthesis is associated with Purkinje cell death in staggerer and lurcher mutant mice. Here using an in vitro organotypic slice culture model from 9 (P9) and 4 days (P4) old postnatal rats we show that the cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors (roscovitine, olomoucine, and flavopiridol) protect the Purkinje cells from cell death. The results are more pronounced in the cerebellar sections from P4 rats. Analysis of Purkinje neurons in sections from P4 rats after 1 week of culturing showed that while there were very limited calbindin positive neurons in the untreated sections the cdk inhibitor treated sections had a notably higher number. Although treatment with cdk inhibitors inhibited Purkinje cell loss significantly, the morphology of these neurons was abnormal, with stunted dendrites and axons. Since the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is the major pocket protein involved in determining the differentiated state of neurons we examined the effect of over‐expressing Rb in the organotypic cultures. Rb overexpression significantly inhibited the Purkinje cell death and these neurons maintained their normal morphology. Thus our studies show that the cell death in Purkinje neurons observed in organotypic cultures is cell cycle dependent and the optimal survival requires Rb. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
MyoD and Myogenin expression during myogenic phases in brown trout: A precocious onset of mosaic hyperplasia is a prerequisite for fast somatic growth
Authors: Steinbacher P. , Haslett J.R. , Obermayer A. , Marschallinger J. , Bauer H.C. , Sänger A.M. , Stoiber W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMuscle cell recruitment (hyperplasia) during myogenesis in the vertebrate embryo is known to occur in three consecutive phases. In teleost fish (including zebrafish), however, information on myogenic precursor cell activation is largely fragmentary, and comprehensive characterization of the myogenic phases has only been fully undertaken in a single slow‐growing cyprinid species by examination of MEF2D expression. Here, we use molecular techniques to provide a comprehensive characterization of MyoD and Myogenin expression during myogenic cell activation in embryos and larvae of brown trout, a fast‐growing salmonid with exceptionally large embryos. Results confirm the three‐phase pattern, but also demonstrate that the second and third phases begin simultaneously and progress vigorously, which is different from the previously described consecutive activation of these phases. Furthermore, we suggest that Pax7 is expressed in myogenic progenitor cells that account for second‐ and third‐phase myogenesis. These findings are discussed in relation to teleost myotome development and to teleost growth strategies. Developmental Dynamics 236:1106–1114, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of MUSIC algorithms using gradient‐ and integral‐type mode vectors for direction of arrival and angular spread estimation
Authors: Hotta Hiroyuki , Kikuma Nobuyoshi , Sakakibara Kunio , Hirayama Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA generalized mode vector that simultaneously uses the differential coefficient component of the mode vector has been proposed for estimating the direction of arrival of incident waves having angular spread. In this paper, the authors first examined this generalized mode vector and proposed a gradient‐type MUSIC algorithm that uses the differential coefficient component of the mode vector independently for estimating the direction of arrival. Then they used a computer simulation in which the waves having angular spread were considered to be a group of scattered waves to compare this algorithm with regard to the performance for estimating the direction of arrival with an integral‐type MUSIC algorithm that uses simple integration, which they proposed separately. To improve the estimation precision degradation that occurs when the signal correlation is low among scattered waves that exist within the angular spread when using the integral‐type MUSIC algorithm, the authors proposed a combined‐type MUSIC algorithm that incorporated the gradient‐type MUSIC algorithm in the integral‐type MUSIC algorithm and used this to examine the performance for estimating the direction of arrival and angular spread again. The results of the comparison of the gradient‐type MUSIC algorithm and integral‐type MUSIC algorithm confirmed that the two algorithms have conflicting properties related to the signal correlation among scattered waves that exist within the angular spread. Also, the investigation related to the combined‐type MUSIC algorithm indicated that estimation precision degradation that occurs when the signal correlation is low among scattered waves when using the integral‐type MUSIC algorithm was reduced as expected. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(6): 53– 64, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20208
Low‐delay scheduling algorithm that considers fairness between ports
Authors: Kawakami Hirotada , Asatani Koichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Virtual Output Queuing (VOQ) input buffer type switch provided with a buffer in each input port is proposed in this paper as an input buffer type switch that avoids Head‐of‐Line (HoL) blocking. A scheduling algorithm for a multiple VOQ input buffer type switch is also proposed. As a representative algorithm we use a Two‐Dimensional Round Robin (2DRR) scheduling algorithm that achieves low‐delay and has iSLIP to avoid starvation as well as high fairness between ports. This paper also proposes a layered scheduling algorithm for a VOQ input buffer type switch with an objective of fairness between ports and switching with lower delay. The frequency of packets not being output is reduced regardless of whether an output port is empty by using up patterns of all I/O pairs inNinputNoutput switches. TheNinputNoutput switching is divided into smaller units. Fairness between the units is achieved by successively shifting the order of priority of each unit that will be switched. Simulations were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling algorithm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(6): 43–52, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20313
Measurement method of one‐way differential delay for end‐to‐end path selection on multihoming
Authors: Ogawa Kiyoshi , Sawai Arata , Iida Noboru , Bandai Masaki , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a multihoming communications environment in which multiple communications interfaces are connected to a single terminal to use multiple paths, if different paths are used for the going‐out path and return path, more efficient information communications may be possible. To enable this to occur, one‐way delay must be taken into account to select the appropriate interface. However, it is generally difficult to directly obtain an accurate one‐way delay because the communications path load varies according to such factors as the time period and amount of communications, and the going‐out path delay and return path delay cannot be easily separated. In this paper, the authors simply obtain the one‐way approximate differential delays from multiple patterns of round‐trip delay combinations and propose a method of selecting the path based on these differentials. This method has such features as control packets for measurement and synchronization with the communication destination which are unnecessary and it is extendable since it does not depend on the network layer. The authors also implemented the proposed method on a computer by using ICMP and evaluated it experimentally in various types of multihoming communications environments. The results showed that one‐way path selection is possible and that the proposed method is effective. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(6): 29–42, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20321
A cascade configuration of the edge‐weighted image enhancement filter
Authors: Aoki Ken , Nakashizuka Makoto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a new configuration of the edge‐weighted high‐pass filter and a design method for the weight function are proposed. A widely used image enhancement method is to amplify the high‐frequency components of the image and to intensify the brightness differential of the edges. This method, generally called the unsharp masking method, allows enhancement effects to be obtained with a simple structure. If a linear high‐pass filter is used as a method of extracting the high‐frequency components from the input image, the noise components superimposed on the image appear in the high‐pass filter output and are enhanced. In order to resolve this problem, a weight function defined from the edge characteristics is multiplied by the high‐pass filter so that the amplitude of the high‐pass filter output is suppressed in the flat image region. However, in the conventional edge‐weighted high‐pass filter, the noise components generated on the edge coordinates are strongly emphasized. Therefore, the edge coordinates of the output image fluctuate irregularly and discontinuities appear in the frame lines. In this investigation, in order to suppress the noise components on the edge coordinates, a new edge‐weighted high‐pass filter structure is proposed. In this structure, the high‐pass filter is decomposed into cascaded connections. The weighting function is multiplied by the filter output from the previous stage. Further, in order to suppress noise amplification, the weight function is defined as a linear sum of the edge characteristic measures. By statistical analysis of the noise amplification, the parameters of the weight function minimizing the output noise variance are obtained. The proposed image enhancement method is experimentally compared with the conventional method and its effectiveness is confirmed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(6): 37– 47, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20240
On error exponents for a variable size list decoder using the Viterbi algorithm with likelihood testing
Authors: Niinomi Toshihiro , Matsushima Toshiyasi , Hirasawa Shigeichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe likelihood ratio (LR) decision criterion [3] employed by Yamamoto and Itoh's decision feedback (ARQ) scheme [1] is known to be highly compatible with the Viterbi algorithm (VA) due to the fact that it requires a small amount of computational effort. In addition, Forney has derived an extension of the coding theorem to the variable size list decoder for maximum likelihood decoding of block codes. In this paper we propose an algorithm for extending LR‐based variable size list decoding for decoding convolutional codes using the Viterbi algorithm; assuming a discrete memoryless channel we also derive a lower bound on the decoder's error exponents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(6): 27– 36, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20245
A performance evaluation of frequency domain blind source separation using close arrangement of directional microphones
Authors: Shimizu Hiroki , Ito Masanori , Takeuchi Yoshinori , Matsumoto Tetsuya , Kudo Hiroaki , Ohnishi Noboru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA performance evaluation of frequency‐domain blind source separation (BSS) in a close arrangement of directional microphone is carried out. When a close arrangement is used in time‐domain BSS, it is possible to reduce the number of taps necessary for separation while maintaining the same performance as in separation without close arrangement. In this research, from the point of view of the relationship between the number of taps and the separation performance, the calculation time, and the permutation (output order) unique to the frequency domain BSS, a comparison with nonclose arrangement is made. With regard to the calculation time and the permutation error, close arrangement is superior to nonclose arrangement in environments both with and without reverberation. With regard to the separation performance, close arrangement is better than nonclose arrangement in an anechoic chamber but nonclose arrangement is better if there are many taps. If the number of taps is small, close arrangement is superior. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(6): 1– 9, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20300
A program allocation method for real‐time processing based on data‐driven processors
Authors: Kurebayashi Ryosuke , Nishikawa Hiroaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper the authors propose a program allocation method for the purpose of achieving real‐time processing using a chip multiprocessor‐type data‐driven processor. The data‐driven processor can perform parallel processing of executable processes without interference as long as the pipeline is not overloaded. The turnaround time for the individual processes being subjected to multiprocessing is independent of other processes being executed at the same time, and is maintained as is for the execution time when a single process is executed. Therefore, real time for a program can be estimated, and if the program can be allocated to a process such that overload does not occur, then real‐time processing can be achieved without scheduling during execution. In this paper the authors first formalize a program allocation method in a data‐driven processor. They then propose a combined method using genetic algorithms and a heuristic algorithm that uses lists as a program allocation method that is better at satisfying the time constraints and offers greater scalability for large‐scale program and multiprocessor systems to be subjected to allocation. Finally, the authors use experiments in which a communications protocol process is allocated to verify the effectiveness of their program allocation method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(6): 48– 60, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20324
Quantification of polyamines in human erythrocytes using a new near‐infrared cyanine 1‐(ϵ‐succinimidyl‐hexanoate)‐ 1′‐methyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐ indocarbocyanine‐5,5′‐disulfonate potassium with CE‐LIF detection
Authors: Fu Ni‐Na , Zhang Hua‐Shan , Ma Ming , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel near‐infrared (NIR) cyanine 1‐(ϵ‐succinimidyl‐hexanoate)‐1′‐methyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanine‐5,5′‐disulfonate potassium (MeCy5‐OSu) has been developed in our laboratory. Simultaneous determination of MeCy5‐OSu‐derivatized polyamines spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), cadaverine (Cad), and putrescine (Put) based on the separation by CE combined with diode LIF detection has been accomplished. The highest derivatization efficiency was achieved in 0.2 mol/L borate buffer (pH 8.8) for 20 min at 25°C. Polyamine derivatives were separated within 14 min in the phosphate running buffer (pH 3) containing 50 mmol/L phosphoric acid, 40 mmol/L SDS, and 35% methanol v/v. Linearity of response was obtained in the range of 10–200 nmol/L. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for Spm, Spd, Cad, and Put were 0.8, 1, 3, and 2 nmol/L, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of polyamines in erythrocytes of two healthy persons and one cancer patient. Average recoveries for erythrocyte samples were 93.6–106% and coefficients of variation ranged from 1.8 to 5.4%. The analysis of polyamines in erythrocytes can be used for studying the relationship between their changes and the carcinogenesis process involved in erythrocytes.
A novel view of gel‐shifts: Analysis of RNA–protein complexes using a two‐color fluorescence dye procedure
Authors: Shcherbakov Dmitry , Piendl Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is a common technique to identify and analyze RNA–protein interactions, using the altered electrophoretic mobility of RNA and/or protein upon forming an RNA–protein complex. Traditional techniques of visualization of the EMSA results include either prelabeling of RNA before complex formation or specific RNA‐ or protein‐staining after electrophoresis. Recently, two‐color fluorescent staining (TCFS) methods were developed, in which the nucleic acid is stained first and scanned; subsequently, the protein is stained and scanned. In the current study, we developed a TCFS system, in which RNA and protein are stained with SYBR Green I and with SYPRO Red, respectively. The gel is subsequently scanned in two channels in a laser scanner to detect both simultaneously. Furthermore, we show that tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)‐labeled proteins can subsequently be monitored in multicomponent RNA–protein complexes. This novel two‐color fluorescence staining is simple, sensitive, and significantly faster than other comparable procedures and allows the independent quantitative determination of both free or complexed nucleic acids and proteins. The interactions between 23S rRNA and ribosomal protein L11 and the ribosomal protein complex L10/L124 were used to demonstrate the advantages of this method.
A novel method of protein extraction from perennial Bupleurum root for 2‐DE
Authors: Xie Hui , Pan Shengli , Liu Shufen , Ye Kan , Huo Keke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe perennial Bupleurum root is thick and woody and contains high levels of interfering compounds. Common protein extraction methods have proved refractory towards the isolation of proteins suitable for 2‐DE, due to the presence of interfering compounds. A novel method for extracting proteins suitable for 2‐DE was established to overcome these problems. The main characteristic of this protocol is the partitioning of the proteins into the aqueous (fraction A‐2), chloroform and isoamyl alcohol phases (A‐3), and the interphase (A‐1). The proteins are then extracted from each of these phases. From A‐1, 85% (extracted protein against total proteins) proteins could be extracted and purified. For fraction A‐2, a novel phenol extraction step is employed for the extraction of proteins. Based on the well‐resolved 2‐DE patterns, our protein preparation is free of interfering compounds. Using these methods (A‐1, A‐2, and A‐3‐3), a total of 3662 (1526 + 1128 + 1008) spots could be separated, and a protein yield of about 1.41 mg per 1.0 g fresh root material was obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a protocol for protein extraction from perennial Bupleurum root has been reported that gives reproducible results. The protocol is expected to be applicable to other recalcitrant plant tissues as well.
A recombinagenic effect of strychnine in Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Hoffmann George R. , Sprague Kathleen M. , Wrobel John A. , Wroblewski Diane H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aroC321 allele in Salmonella typhimurium permits a positive selection for genetic duplications. Bacteria that contain a large genetic duplication are detected as tryptophan prototrophs in aroC321 strains and occur at a spontaneous frequency greater than 1/104 cells plated on the selection medium. Duplications originate by a recombinational mechanism, and the induction of duplications by chemicals or radiation may therefore be considered to be a recombinagenic effect. We have found that strychnine is a potent recombinagen in this system; it causes a dose‐dependent increase in the frequency of genetic duplications, and very high frequencies of duplications are recovered at high doses. In contrast, brucine, the 2,3‐dimethoxy derivative of strychnine, caused no increase in duplication frequencies under the identical conditions.
Cd2+ tolerance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Hartman Philip E. , Kuo Dick C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRelative tolerance of Escherichia coli strains to Cd2+ is induced by prior growth in medium containing low levels of either Cd2+ or Hg2+, and maximal induction appears to be dependent upon recA+ function. Biosynthesis of glutathione is not required for induction or for expression of induced resistance. Salmonella typhimurium strains are relatively resistant to Cd2+, and this resistance is essentially constitutive.