bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrons Containing the VIM-2 Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene among Imipenem-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strains from Different Chinese Hospitals
Authors: Yu Yun-Song , Qu Ting-Ting , Zhou Jian-Ying , Wang Jie , Li Hong-Yang , Walsh Timothy R. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

A total of 140 nonrepetitive strains of imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
were isolated from five different Chinese hospitals. Fourteen isolates were confirmed to contain the VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase gene. Twelve isolates harbored two kinds of class 1 integron, containing both VIM-2- and aminoglycoside-resistant genes.
Simultaneous Amplification and Identification of 25 Human Papillomavirus Types with Templex Technology
Authors: Han Jian , Swan David C. , Smith Sharon J. , Lum Shanjuan H. , Sefers Susan E. , Unger Elizabeth R. , Tang Yi-Wei 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
The majority of existing human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assays are based on multiplex PCR using consensus or degenerate primers. We developed a Templex HPV assay that simultaneously detects and identifies 25 common HPV genotypes in a single-tube reaction using type-specific primers for the HPV-specific E6 and E7 genes. The analytical sensitivities of the Templex assay for HPV type 16 (HPV-16), -18, and -56 were 20, 100, and 20 copies per reaction mixture, respectively. The Templex assay provides semiquantitative information on each type when multiple HPV types coexist in one reaction. We tested 109 clinical cervical specimens previously evaluated with the Digene HC2 high-risk HPV DNA test and found 95.4% concordance between the assay results. The Templex assay provided type-specific results and found multiple types in 29.2% (14 of 48) of high-risk HPV-positive samples. The entire Templex procedure, including DNA extraction, can be completed within 5 hours, providing a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool for HPV detection and typing that is amenable to automation.
Evaluation of vaccine dosing in patients with solid tumors receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy
Authors: Sommer Abigail L , Wachel Brandi K , Smith Judith A 
Published: November 2006

Objective. To provide oncology healthcare providers with information on current vaccine recommendations and discuss the proper timing of vaccination in relation to chemotherapy, to allow for an adequate, protective antibody response. Data sources. In this review, we have attempted to include all available literature as well as the current recommendations. The National Library of Medicine, PubMed online database was searched using the keywords: chemotherapy, influenza, vaccine, cancer, immunosuppression. In addition, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines were reviewed and incorporated into the recommendations. Data synthesis. There were several limitations to the literature available. To date, most of the literature was completed in the 1970s and 1980s, and definitions of protective immunity regarding influenza vaccines have changed over time, as well as improved study design. These studies have also been completed in a variety of disease states, hence, it is difficult to make comparisons between trials. The recommendations in this review are consistent with the current CDC Guidelines and, until further clinical trials are carried out, are the most conservative recommendations in favor of patient safety, health care costs, and resource utilization. Conclusion. Patients on cancer chemotherapy should receive vaccination at least 2 weeks before initiation of treatment. Providers should avoid administering vaccination during chemotherapy or active radiation treatment because of suboptimal responses to vaccines. Active immunization has been shown to confer protective immunity to several infections in cancer patients at similar rates to healthy individuals.
Highly Efficient Amination of Benzene to Aniline Mediated by Bromine with Metal Oxide as Cataloreactant
Authors: Zhai Hesheng , Lin Haiqiang , Lu Xin , Xia Xing-Hua 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
We report a highly efficient and versatile two-step process for the amination of benzene to aniline that is mediated by bromine and metal oxides as cataloreactants. The process under mild condition (e.g. below 200 °C) offers an overall yield of ca. 90% and selectivity of ca. 95% for aniline production based on benzene converted.
Surface Modification of n-Si(111) Electrodes with Brominated and Sulfonylated Alkyl Chains and Their Photoelectrochemical Characteristics
Authors: Ohashi Masato , Nakato Yoshihiro , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Bromination of alkenyl-chain-covered n-Si(111) electrodes and their consecutive sulfonylation were demonstrated, and the effects of these functionalization on the photoelectrochemical characteristics were studied in 7.6 M HI + 0.05 M I2 electrolyte under simulated solar illumination.
Density Functional Theoretical Studies on the Redox-dependent Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Cho Young Seuk , Hwang Sungu 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Redox-dependent hydrogen bonding has been a subject of extensive attraction since it provides a basis for external control for synthetic supramolecular system such as sensors, molecular electronics, and molecular machines. We performed density functional theoretical calculations on the nitrobenzene/arylurea interactions in order to understand the bonding and its dependence on the reduction/oxidation. We calculated the binding energy in the reduced and oxidized states and correlated the energy differences with the shift in half-wave potential, ΔE1/2, for different p-substituted nitrobenzene/diphenylurea pairs.
Asymmetric Cross-coupling of Potassium 2-Butenyltrifluoroborates with Aryl and 1-Alkenyl Bromides Catalyzed by a Pd(OAc)2/Josiphos Complex
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Takada Shingo , Miyaura Norio 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The asymmetric cross-coupling reaction of [CH3CH=CHCH2BF3]K with aryl or 1-alkenyl bromides selectively occurred at the γ-carbon of 2-butenylborane moiety with regioselectivities in a range of 84–99%. The enantioselectivities were in a range of 77–90%ee when a palladium/CyPF-t-Bu complex was used at 80 °C in the presence of K2CO3 (3 equiv.) in H2O–MeOH (9/1).
High‐Resolution Characterization of Pentacene/Polyaniline Interfaces in Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Lee K. S. , Smith T. J. , Dickey K. C. , Yoo J. E. , Stevenson K. J. , Loo Y.‐L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present the first detailed report that directly correlates the reduced contact resistance in organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with fundamental structural and morphological characterization at the organic semiconductor/conducting polymer interface. Specifically, the pentacene grains are similar in size and continuous across the channel/electrode interface in bottom‐contact TFTs with polyaniline (PANI) electrodes. On a molecular level, the fused rings of pentacene are oriented perpendicular to the surface both in the channel and on PANI. Accordingly, the contact resistance is small in such devices. In TFTs with gold electrodes, however, the pentacene grains are different in size and are discontinuous across the channel/electrode interface. Further, the fused rings of pentacene are oriented perpendicular to the channel surface and parallel to the gold surface. Such differences across the channel/electrode interface lead to structural and electronic disorder, which manifests itself as a significantly larger contact resistance in devices with gold electrodes.
Link decay in leading information science journals
Authors: Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Ng Peng Kin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWeb citations have become common in scholarly publications as the amount of online literature increases. Yet, such links are not persistent and many decay over time, causing accessibility problems for readers. The present study investigates the link decay phenomenon in three leading information science journals. Articles spanning a period of 7 years (1997–2003) were downloaded, and their links were extracted. From these, a measure of link decay, the half‐life, was computed to be approximately 5 years, which compares favorably against other disciplines (1.4–4.8 years). The study also investigated types of link accessibility errors encountered as well as examined characteristics of links that may be associated with decay. It was found that approximately 31% of all citations were not accessible during the time of testing, and the majority of errors were due to missing content (HTTP Error Code 404). Citations from the edu domain were also found to have the highest failure rates of 36% when compared with other popular top‐level domains. Results indicate that link decay is a problem that cannot be ignored, and implications for journal authors and readers are discussed.
Bestimmung von Materialeigenschaften zementgebundener Werkstoffe mittels inverser Analyse
Authors: Villmann Beate , Bretschneider Nick , Slowik Volker , Michel Alexander 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGewisse Materialeigenschaften von zementgebundenen Werkstoffen können nur schwer auf direktem Wege experimentell bestimmt werden. Es bedarf einer kombinierten Anwendung experimenteller sowie rechnerischer Methoden. Die gesuchten Materialeigenschaften ergeben sich dabei aus inversen Analysen von Experimenten. Zwei Beispiele für die Notwendigkeit solcher inversen Analysen in der Materialprüfung sind die Bestimmung von Entfestigungskurven sowie des feuchteabhängigen Diffusionskoeffizienten. Diese Materialeigenschaften finden insbesondere zur Charakterisierung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Baukonstruktionen Anwendung. Maßgebend für Genauigkeit und Effektivität inverser Analysen ist neben der Formulierung eines adäquaten physikalischen Modells für das durchgeführte Experiment die Wahl eines geeigneten Optimierungsalgorithmus. Evolutionäre Algorithmen haben sich für derartige Anwendungen als besonders geeignet erwiesen. Das Prinzip der inversen Analyse sowie zwei Anwendungsbeispiele werden dargestellt. Letztere betreffen die Bestimmung des Entfestigungsverhaltens von Beton auf der Grundlage von Keilspalt‐ und Biegeexperimenten beziehungsweise die Bestimmung des feuchteabhängigen Diffusionskoeffizienten auf der Grundlage von Trocknungsexperimenten.
Low‐power millimeter wave radiations do not alter stress‐sensitive gene expression of chaperone proteins
Authors: Zhadobov M. , Sauleau R. , Le Coq L. , Debure L. , Thouroude D. , Michel D. , Le Dréan Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article reports experimental results on the influence of low‐power millimeter wave (MMW) radiation at 60 GHz on a set of stress‐sensitive gene expression of molecular chaperones, namely clusterin (CLU) and HSP70, in a human brain cell line. Selection of the exposure frequency is determined by its near‐future applications for the new broadband civil wireless communication systems including wireless local area networks (WLAN) for domestic and professional uses. Frequencies around 60 GHz are strongly attenuated in the earth's atmosphere and such radiations represent a new environmental factor. An exposure system operating in V‐band (50–75 GHz) was developed for cell exposure. U‐251 MG glial cell line was sham‐exposed or exposed to MMW radiation for different durations (1–33 h) and two different power densities (5.4 µW/cm2or 0.54 mW/cm2). As gene expression is a multiple‐step process, we analyzed chaperone proteins induction at different levels. First, using luciferase reporter gene, we investigated potential effect of MMWs on the activation of transcription factors (TFs) and gene promoter activity. Next, using RT‐PCR and Western blot assays, we verified whether MMW exposure could alter RNA accumulation, translation, or protein stability. Experimental data demonstrated the absence of significant modifications in gene transcription, mRNA, and protein amount for the considered stress‐sensitive genes for the exposure durations and power densities investigated. The main results of this study suggest that low‐power 60 GHz radiation does not modify stress‐sensitive gene expression of chaperone proteins. Bioelectromagnetics 28:188–196, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extremely low frequency weak magnetic fields enhance resistance of NN tobacco plants to tobacco mosaic virus and elicit stress‐related biochemical activities
Authors: Trebbi Grazia , Borghini Francesco , Lazzarato Lisa , Torrigiani Patrizia , Calzoni G. Lorenzo , Betti Lucietta 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIncreasing evidence has accumulated concerning the biological effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) in different plant models. In the present study, effects of ELF‐MFs in tobacco plants reacting to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with a hypersensitive response (HR) were evaluated. Plants were exposed for 8 or 24 h (either before or after TMV inoculation) to a static MF, at either −17 or 13 µT, combined with a 10 Hz sinusoidal MF with different intensities (25.6 or 28.9 µT). The working variables were the area and number of hypersensitive lesions in leaves. Following ELF‐MFs exposure, an increased resistance was detected, particularly after an 8‐h treatment, as shown by the decrease in lesion area and number. Moreover, two enzyme activities involved in resistance mechanisms were analyzed: ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL). Uninoculated leaves previously exposed to ELF‐MFs in general showed a significant increase relative to controls in ODC and PAL activities, in particular for 13 µT static MF plus 28.9 µT, 10 Hz sinusoidal MF (24 h) treatment. In conclusion, ELF‐MFs seem to influence the HR of tobacco to TMV, as shown by the increased resistance and changes in ODC and PAL activities, indicating the reliability of the present plant model in the study of bioelectromagnetic interactions. Bioelectromagnetics 28:214–223, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating the relationship between past contraceptive behaviour, self‐efficacy, and anticipated shame and guilt in sexual contexts among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Træen Bente , Kvalem Ingela Lundin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhat are the relationships between self‐efficacy when communicating to the partner about use of contraception, stopping undesired intercourse, and perceived self‐conscious emotions in sexual contexts? How does past contraceptive behaviour influence perceived self‐efficacy? These research questions were studied among 399 10th grade students with coital experience in the county Nordland in Norway. Two dimensions of perceived emotional responses were identified in a hypothetical situation related to communicating to the partner about use of contraception, namely Shame and Emotional intimacy. Two dimensions were also identified with regard to anticipated emotional responses in a hypothetical situation related to stopping undesired intercourse: Guilt and responsibility and Emotional intimacy. Most of the boys and girls reported that they would react with positive emotions in both hypothetical situations. Path models were constructed with the affective dimensions and self‐esteem as mediating variables between past contraceptive behaviour and contextual self‐efficacy. Past behaviour influenced communication self‐efficacy indirectly via Shame, and Shame had a direct effect upon self‐efficacy. Guilt and responsibility had a direct effect upon stop‐self‐efficacy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Indigenous reconciliation in Australia: do values, identity and collective guilt matter?
Authors: Halloran Michael J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reports an investigation of the impact of shared values and identities on Australian attitudes towards Indigenous reconciliation across two studies. In Study 1, University students were assigned to one of two conditions in which they completed a questionnaire that measured their value priorities and reconciliation attitudes; either as an individual or as an Australian. As expected, the value of egalitarianism was the strongest predictor of reconciliation attitudes, especially under the Australian condition. In Study 2, participants from the general community were assigned into conditions that manipulated identity (personal vs. Australian) and views of how Indigenous Australians have been treated by Europeans in the past (favourable vs. unfavourable). Under these conditions, participants were asked to report their level of collective guilt and reconciliation views. The results showed that collective guilt was stronger under the unfavourable than the favourable history condition but only when personal identity was salient. The findings also showed some support for the proposition that reconciliation views would be most positive under the unfavourable history condition when Australian identity was salient. The implications of the findings for advancing the progress of indigenous reconciliation in Australia are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the trainees' view of a socio‐political approach within UK clinical psychology
Authors: Thompson Miles 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper aims to provide preliminary insights into the relationship between clinical psychology and a socio‐political approach known as Critical Community Psychology (CCP). Methodologically, it uses statements about CCP as stimulus material, and utilizes both quantitative and qualitative exploratory techniques, to survey the opinions of 354 UK trainee clinical psychologists. Participants' ratings of the stimulus material and their qualitative comments reveal many positive endorsements of the socio‐political approach. However, themes from the qualitative data raise questions about how socio‐political ideas can be incorporated into clinical practice and highlight uncertainty over the relationship between clinical psychology and politics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplification pattern of 2D semi‐sine‐shaped valleys subjected to vertically propagating incident waves
Authors: Kamalian Mohsen , Gatmiri Behrouz , Sohrabi‐Bidar Abdollah , Khalaj Ali 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the preliminary results of an extensive numerical parametric study on seismic behaviour of two‐dimensional semi‐sine‐shaped valleys subjected to vertically propagating incident in‐plane compression and shear waves. The medium is assumed to have a linear elastic constitutive behaviour. All calculations are executed in time‐domain using the direct boundary element method. Clear perspectives of the amplification patterns of the valley are presented by investigation of the frequency‐domain responses. It is shown that wavelength, site geometry and in a less order of importance, wave type and material parameters, are the independent key parameters governing the valley's amplification pattern. Some simple rules are obtained which could be used in seismic microzonation and seismic design of structures founded inside the valley. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small, dense low‐density‐lipoproteins and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Rizzo Manfredi , Berneis Kaspar 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSmall, dense low‐density‐lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus and a reduction in LDL size has been reported in patients with coronary and non‐coronary forms of atherosclerosis. LDL size has been accepted as an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease as well as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Small, dense LDL, with elevated triglyceride levels and low HDL‐cholesterol concentrations, constitute the ‘atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (ALP)’, a form of atherogenic dyslipidemia that is a feature of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. LDL size and subclasses show specific alterations in patients with the metabolic syndrome that probably significantly increase their cardiovascular risk; however, so far it has not been recommended to incorporate LDL size measurements in treatment plans, when hypolipidemic therapies are installed. Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high cardiovascular risk and it is still on debate if the treatment goals may be identical or whether there are distinct groups with different cardiovascular risks and hence with different treatment goals. Measurements beyond traditional lipids, such as measurements on the presence of small, dense LDL in patients with the metabolic syndrome, may help to identify cardiovascular risk subgroups. In addition, it might be possible in the future to individualize hypolipidemic treatments if more than the traditional lipids are taken into account. LDL size measurement may potentially help to assess cardiovascular risk within the metabolic syndrome and adapt the treatment goals thereafter. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐ethnic differences in eating disorder symptoms and related distress
Authors: Franko Debra L. , Becker Anne E. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Herzog David B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:This study investigated ethnic differences in the frequency of eating disorder symptoms and related distress in a U.S. college‐based eating disorders screening program.Method:Responses to self‐report questions and counselors' assessment were analyzed in an ethnically diverse sample (n = 5,435).Results:The frequency of binge‐eating, restrictive eating, vomiting, and amenorrhea did not differ significantly across ethnic groups. However, significant between‐group differences were found with respect to modes of purging. Binge correlates (e.g., eating until uncomfortably full) were significantly more frequent among Caucasian than African American participants (p < .001). Binge eating was the best predictor of distress among Caucasians, African Americans, and Latinos, whereas vomiting was the best predictor of distress among Asians. Asian participants who used laxatives were significantly less likely to receive a recommendation for further evaluation than non‐Asian participants.Conclusion:Ethnic diversity in symp tom prevalence and related distress was identified. Clinician recognition of this potential diversity may enhance culturally competent care for eating disorders. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Quantitative determination of isohexenylnaphthazarin pigments by TLC densitometry
Authors: Papageorgiou V. P. , Liakopoulou‐Kyriakides M. , Papadakis Ch. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIsohexenylnaphthazarin pigments isolated from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria and Macrotomia cephalotes were determined quantitatively by TLC densitometry. The method was also used successfully for determination of alkannin isovalerate in blood.
Pyrazine composition of wood smoke as influenced by wood source and smoke generation variables
Authors: Maga J. A. , Chen Z. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of 8 pyrazines (pyrazine, 3‐ethyl‐2‐methoxy‐, 2‐ethoxy‐3‐ethyl‐, 3,6‐dimethyl‐2‐propyl‐, 2‐butyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐, 2‐butyl‐3,6‐dimethyl‐, 2‐acetyl‐3‐methyl‐, 2‐acetyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine) were identified in the smoke generated from 17 different wood sources (white and red oak, walnut, chestnut, apple, redwood, red alder, cherry, aspen, birch, hard maple, eastern cedar, hickory, Lodgepole pine wood and bark, Douglas‐Fir heartwood and sapwood).Hickory produced the largest amount (41.03 mg 100 g wood) of total pyrazines while redwood had the least (10.33 mg). Total and individual pyrazine levels did not appear to correlate with wood nitrogen content nor with the levels of cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin.Smoke generation variables relative to pyrazine formation were evaluated with hickory smoke. Increasing the moisture content from 4 per cent to 20 or 30 per cent resulted in decreased total pyrazine levels. The absence of air decreased total pyrazine concentration while increasing smoke generation temperature from 290 to 450°C increased the total amount of pyrazines formed. Collection of hickory smoke volatiles in an alkaline solution resulted in lower total pyrazine levels than condensate trapped in water.