bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing reversible Na-ion intercalation by introducing K-ions into layered vanadyl phosphate for sodium-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Wei Runzhe , Lu Yi , Ren Wanjun , Han Yupei , Vijaya Kumar Saroja Ajay Piriya , Xia Xueming , He Pan , Nason Charlie A F , Sun Zhixin , Darr Jawwad A , Luo Jiayan , Zhou Min , Xu Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vanadium-based phosphates are being extensively studied as an important family of sodium-ion battery (SIB) cathodes. Among many compositions, NaVOPO4 is considered because of various polymorphs and the high redox potential of V4+/5+. However, due to relatively poor intrinsic kinetics and electronic conductivity, approaches such as nanostructuring and carbon composites are commonly used to avoid fast performance degradation. Being different from mainstream approaches, this work utilizes the knowledge gained from potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) and applies layered KVOPO4, a PIB cathode material, as a SIB cathode material. The results demonstrate that KVOPO4 experiences an electrochemical K+-Na+ exchange during the initial cycle and a Na-dominated (de)intercalation process in the following cycles. The initial exchange results in a small amount of K+ (∼0.1 K per formula) remaining in the interlayer space and owing to the larger size of K+ than Na+, the residual K+ effectively acts as ‘pillars’ to expand interlayer spacing and facilitates the Na (de)intercalation, leading to enhanced reversible Na storage and diffusion kinetics of KVOPO4 compared to its Na counterpart NaVOPO4. KVOPO4 delivers an initial discharge capacity of 120 mAh g−1 (90% of the theoretical capacity) at 10 mA g−1 and retains 88% capacity after 150 cycles. It also delivers 52 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 91% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 100 mA g−1, completely outperforming NaVOPO4.
Methodological examination of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score
Authors: Shams-White Marissa M , Thompson E Christi , Carroll Raymond J , Reedy Jill 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of methodological changes to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score on associations with risk for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer risk jointly among older adults in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study. Weights were incorporated for each score component; a continuous point scale was developed in place of the score’s fully discrete cut points; and cut-point values were changed for physical activity and red meat based on evidence-based recommendations. Exploratory aims also examined the impact of separating components with more than one subcomponent and whether all components were necessary to retain within this population utilizing a penalized scoring approach. Findings suggested weighting the original 2018 WCRF/AICR Score improved its predictive performance in association with all-cause mortality and provided more precise estimates in relation to cancer risk and mortality outcomes. The importance of healthy weight, physical activity, and plant-based foods in relation to cancer and overall mortality risk were highlighted in this population of older adults. Further studies are needed to better understand the consistency and generalizability of these findings across other populations.
Internal validation of gestational age estimation algorithms in health-care databases using pregnancies conceived through fertility procedures
Authors: Chiu Yu-Han , Huybrechts Krista F , Zhu Yanmin , Straub Loreen , Bateman Brian T , Logan Roger , Hernández-Díaz Sonia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fertility procedures recorded in health-care databases can be used to estimate the start of pregnancy, which can serve as a reference standard to validate gestational age estimates based on International Classification of Diseases codes. In a cohort of 17 398 US MarketScan pregnancies (2011-2020) in which conception was achieved via fertility procedures, we estimated gestational age at the end of pregnancy using algorithms based on (1) time (days) since the fertility procedure (the reference standard); (2) International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9)/International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (before/after October 2015) codes indicating gestational length recorded at the end of pregnancy (method A); and (3) ICD-10 end-of-pregnancy codes enhanced with Z3A codes denoting specific gestation weeks recorded at prenatal visits (method B). We calculated the proportion of pregnancies with an estimated gestational age falling within 14 days ($\pm$14 days) of the reference standard. Method A accuracy was similar for ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. After 2015, method B was more accurate than method A: For term births, within–14-day agreement was 90.8% for method A and 98.7% for method B. Corresponding estimates were 70.1% and 95.6% for preterm births; 35.3% and 92.6% for stillbirths; 54.3% and 64.2% for spontaneous abortions; and 16.7% and 84.6% for elective terminations. ICD-10–based algorithms that incorporate Z3A codes improve the accuracy of gestational age estimation in health-care databases, especially for preterm births and non–live births.
Sexual selection and species recognition promote complex male courtship displays in ungulates
Authors: D’Ammando Giacomo , Bro-Jørgensen Jakob 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Identifying the evolutionary drivers of sexual signal complexity is a key challenge in the study of animal communication. Among mammals, male bovids and cervids often perform elaborate gestural displays during courtship, consisting of ritualized movements of various parts of the body but the causes underlying interspecific variation in complexity of such displays remain poorly understood. Here we apply the comparative method to investigate which factors may have either promoted or constrained gestural repertoire size. We found that sexual selection was a strong predictor of gestural display complexity in male bovids and cervids. Repertoire size was positively correlated with breeding group size, an indicator of the intensity of sexual selection in males. Moreover, repertoires were larger in species adopting nonterritorial and lek breeding mating systems than in species adopting resource-defence territoriality, a finding that can be explained by more emphasis on direct benefits than indirect benefits in resource-defence systems, where male mating success may also be less skewed due to difficulty in monopolizing mates. The results also indicate that gestural repertoire size was positively correlated with the number of closely related species occurring in sympatry. This is consistent with display complexity being selected to facilitate species recognition during courtship and thereby avoid interspecific hybridization. At the same time, repertoire size was negatively associated with male body mass, possibly due to the energetic and mechanical constraints imposed on movements in very large species. By contrast, we found no evidence that the habitat drives selection for complex gestural courtship displays.
Improving the performance of supervised deep learning for regulatory genomics using phylogenetic augmentation
Authors: Duncan Andrew G , Mitchell Jennifer A , Moses Alan M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Supervised deep learning is used to model the complex relationship between genomic sequence and regulatory function. Understanding how these models make predictions can provide biological insight into regulatory functions. Given the complexity of the sequence to regulatory function mapping (the cis-regulatory code), it has been suggested that the genome contains insufficient sequence variation to train models with suitable complexity. Data augmentation is a widely used approach to increase the data variation available for model training, however current data augmentation methods for genomic sequence data are limited.

Results
Inspired by the success of comparative genomics, we show that augmenting genomic sequences with evolutionarily related sequences from other species, which we term phylogenetic augmentation, improves the performance of deep learning models trained on regulatory genomic sequences to predict high-throughput functional assay measurements. Additionally, we show that phylogenetic augmentation can rescue model performance when the training set is down-sampled and permits deep learning on a real-world small dataset, demonstrating that this approach improves data efficiency. Overall, this data augmentation method represents a solution for improving model performance that is applicable to many supervised deep-learning problems in genomics.

Availability and implementation
The open-source GitHub repository agduncan94/phylogenetic_augmentation_paper includes the code for rerunning the analyses here and recreating the figures.
Caudate functional networks influence brain structural changes with aging
Authors: Basaia Silvia , Zavarella Matteo , Rugarli Giulia , Sferruzza Giacomo , Cividini Camilla , Canu Elisa , Cacciaguerra Laura , Bacigaluppi Marco , Martino Gianvito , Filippi Massimo , Agosta Federica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neurogenesis decline with aging may be associated with brain atrophy. Subventricular zone neuron precursor cells possibly modulate striatal neuronal activity via the release of soluble molecules. Neurogenesis decay in the subventricular zone may result in structural alterations of brain regions connected to the caudate, particularly to its medial component. The aim of this study was to investigate how the functional organization of caudate networks relates to structural brain changes with aging. One hundred and fifty-two normal subjects were recruited: 52 young healthy adults (≤35 years old), 42 middle-aged (36 ≤ 60 years old) and 58 elderly subjects (≥60 years old). In young adults, stepwise functional connectivity was used to characterize regions that connect to the medial and lateral caudate at different levels of link-step distances. A statistical comparison between the connectivity of medial and lateral caudate in young subjects was useful to define medial and lateral caudate connected regions. Atrophy of medial and lateral caudate connected regions was estimated in young, middle-aged and elderly subjects using T1-weighted images. Results showed that middle-aged and elderly adults exhibited decreased stepwise functional connectivity at one-link step from the caudate, particularly in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital brain regions, compared to young subjects. Elderly individuals showed increased stepwise functional connectivity in frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes compared to both young and middle-aged adults. Additionally, elderly adults displayed decreased stepwise functional connectivity compared to middle-aged subjects in specific parietal and subcortical areas. Moreover, in young adults, the medial caudate showed higher direct connectivity to the basal ganglia (left thalamus), superior, middle and inferior frontal and inferior parietal gyri (medial caudate connected region) relative to the lateral caudate. Considering the opposite contrast, lateral caudate showed stronger connectivity to the basal ganglia (right pallidum), orbitofrontal, rostral anterior cingulate and insula cortices (lateral caudate connected region) compared to medial caudate. In elderly subjects, the medial caudate connected region showed greater atrophy relative to the lateral caudate connected region. Brain regions linked to the medial caudate appear to be more vulnerable to aging than lateral caudate connected areas. The adjacency to the subventricular zone may, at least partially, explain these findings. Stepwise functional connectivity analysis can be useful to evaluate the role of the subventricular zone in network disruptions in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Dopaminergic mesolimbic structural reserve is positively linked to better outcome after severe stroke
Authors: Asmussen Liv , Frey Benedikt M , Frontzkowski Lukas K , Wróbel Paweł P , Grigutsch L Sophie , Choe Chi-un , Bönstrup Marlene , Cheng Bastian , Thomalla Götz , Quandt Fanny , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The concept of brain reserve capacity has emerged in stroke recovery research in recent years. Imaging-based biomarkers of brain health have helped to better understand outcome variability in clinical cohorts. Still, outcome inferences are far from being satisfactory, particularly in patients with severe initial deficits. Neurorehabilitation after stroke is a complex process, comprising adaption and learning processes, which, on their part, are critically influenced by motivational and reward-related cognitive processes. Amongst others, dopaminergic neurotransmission is a key contributor to these mechanisms. The question arises, whether the amount of structural reserve capacity in the dopaminergic system might inform about outcome variability after severe stroke. For this purpose, this study analysed imaging and clinical data of 42 severely impaired acute stroke patients. Brain volumetry was performed within the first 2 weeks after the event using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox CAT12, grey matter volume estimates were collected for seven key areas of the human dopaminergic system along the mesocortical, mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. Ordinal logistic regression models related regional volumes to the functional outcome, operationalized by the modified Rankin Scale, obtained 3–6 months after stroke. Models were adjusted for age, lesion volume and initial impairment. The main finding was that larger volumes of the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens at baseline were positively associated with a more favourable outcome. These data suggest a link between the structural state of mesolimbic key areas contributing to motor learning, motivational and reward-related brain networks and potentially the success of neurorehabilitation. They might also provide novel evidence to reconsider dopaminergic interventions particularly in severely impaired stroke patients to enhance recovery after stroke.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li5+xFe1–xMnxO4 with an antifluorite-type structure as a lithium battery cathode
Authors: Goto Ryosuke , Taminato Sou , Mori Daisuke , Imanishi Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A new antifluorite-structured Li5+xFe1–xMnxO4 was synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction and the lithium (de-)intercalation properties were characterized from electrochemical measurements. A single phase with a Li6MnO4-type structure was obtained for the x ≥ 0.6 compositions. The first discharge capacity of a Li5.6Fe0.4Mn0.6O4 (x = 0.6) electrode treated by ball milling was 450 mAh/g. The reversible reaction continued to proceed with ca. 200 mAh/g after subsequent cycles. A new iron–manganese system with an antifluorite structure could be a potential candidate as a high-capacity cathode material.
A clinical score to predict recovery in end-stage kidney disease due to acute kidney injury
Authors: Shah Silvi , Ng Jia H , Leonard Anthony C , Harrison Kathleen , Meganathan Karthikeyan , Christianson Annette L , Thakar Charuhas V 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major contributor to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). About one-third of patients with ESKD due to AKI recover kidney function. However, the inability to accurately predict recovery leads to improper triage of clinical monitoring and impacts the quality of care in ESKD.

Methods
Using data from the United States Renal Data System from 2005 to 2014 (n = 22 922), we developed a clinical score to predict kidney recovery within 90 days and within 12 months after dialysis initiation in patients with ESKD due to AKI. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the effect of various covariates on the primary outcome of kidney recovery to develop the scoring system. The resulting logistic parameter estimates were transformed into integer point totals by doubling and rounding the estimates. Internal validation was performed.

Results
Twenty-four percent and 34% of patients with ESKD due to AKI recovered kidney function within 90 days and 12 months, respectively. Factors contributing to points in the two scoring systems were similar but not identical, and included age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, congestive heart failure, cancer, amputation, functional status, hemoglobin and prior nephrology care. Three score categories of increasing recovery were formed: low score (0–6), medium score (7–9) and high score (10–12), which exhibited 90-day recovery rates of 12%, 26% and 57%. For the 12-month scores, the low, medium and high groups consisted of scores 0–5, 6–8 and 9–11, with 12-month recovery rates of 16%, 33% and 62%, respectively. The internal validation assessment showed no overfitting of the models.

Conclusion
A clinical score derived from information available at incident dialysis predicts renal recovery at 90 days and 12 months in patients with presumed ESKD due to AKI. The score can help triage appropriate monitoring to facilitate recovery and begin planning long-term dialysis care for others.
Usefulness of the heart rate variability test in predicting intradialytic hypotension in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis
Authors: Park Yohan , Lee Ji Won , Yoon Se-Hee , Hwang Won Min , Yun Sung-Ro , Son Ji-Young , Chung Byung Ha , Min Jiwon 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the primary complication of haemodialysis (HD); however, its diverse pathophysiology and inconsistent definitions complicate its prediction. Despite attempts using the heart rate variability (HRV) test for IDH prediction, studies on its usefulness for predicting IDH diagnosed per the nadir 90 criterion are lacking. We aimed to evaluate HRV test efficacy and reproducibility in predicting IDH based on the nadir 90 criterion.

Methods
Seventy patients undergoing HD participated in this multicentre prospective observational study. The HRV test was performed during non-HD periods and IDH was monitored during 12 HD sessions. IDH was diagnosed according to the nadir 90 criterion, defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of ≤90 mmHg during HD. After monitoring, the HRV test was repeated. An HRV–IDH index was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis employing HRV test parameters. The predictive power of the HRV–IDH index was analysed using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC). Reproducibility was evaluated using correlation analysis of two HRV tests on the same patient.

Results
There were 37 and 33 patients in the IDH and non-IDH groups, respectively. The HRV–IDH index predicted IDH occurrence with AUROCs of 0.776 and 0.803 for patients who had experienced at least one or repeated IDH episodes, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficient for HRV–IDH indices was 0.859 for the first and second HRV tests.

Conclusions
The HRV test holds promise for predicting IDH, particularly for patients with recurring IDH diagnosed based on the nadir 90 criterion.
Artificial intelligence–powered insights into high-risk, non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis: a case report
Authors: Provera Andrea , Andreini Daniele , Petersen Kersten , Gallinoro Emanuele , Conte Edoardo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Advanced coronary plaque analysis by cardiac computed tomography (CT) has recently emerged as a promising technique for better prognostic stratification. However, this evaluation application in clinical practice is still uncertain.

Case summary
In the present case, we described the clinical picture of a 44-year-old tennis player with ectopic ventricular beats in which cardiac CT enabled the identification of a non-obstructive but high-risk plaque on proximal left anterior descendent artery. The application of artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced software enabled to better stratify the patients’ risk. The present case describes how early identification of non-obstructive but high-risk coronary plaque evaluated by cardiac CT using AI-enhanced software enabled accurate and personalized risk assessment.

Discussion
The main clinical message of this case report is that advanced plaque analysis by cardiac CT, especially when performed with AI-based software, may provide important prognostic information leading to a personalized preventive approach. Moreover, AI-based software may contribute to promote a routine evaluation of these important data already included in traditional cardiac CT.
Progressive worsening of aortic regurgitation due to detachment of the aortic valve commissure with multimodality imaging to elucidate pathogenesis: a case report
Authors: Nishino Shun , Nishimura Masanori , Asada Yujiro , Yamashita Atsushi , Shibata Yoshisato 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Aortic regurgitation (AR) associated with detachment of the aortic valve commissure is extremely rare. We present a case of progressively worsening severe chronic AR due to detachment of the aortic valve commissure during hospitalization that was confirmed with multimodality imaging.

Case summary
A 50-year-old male with Marfan syndrome visited our hospital to receive treatment for cholelithiasis. Pre-operative examination revealed severe AR and aortic root aneurysm. Because the patient was asymptomatic, it was decided that cholecystectomy should be performed first. However, the patient’s heart failure worsened acutely when his blood pressure increased just before induction of anaesthesia. The patient required intubation and management of heart failure. Five days later, the patient underwent cholecystectomy. He was treated for heart failure and underwent open heart surgery on the 35th hospital day. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography revealed that his AR was caused by both enlargement of the aortic root and localized dissection of the aortic valve commissure, which was supported by intraoperative findings and histopathological evaluation. Aortic regurgitation was exacerbated by a new localized dissection, resulting in acute worsening of heart failure.

Discussion
Aortic valve commissure detachment can easily lead to sudden onset of severe AR, deteriorating haemodynamics, and acute pulmonary oedema. Since delayed medical treatment leads to poor clinical outcomes, prompt and accurate diagnosis and appropriately timed surgical intervention are essential. This very rare case of severe AR worsening due to spontaneous aortic valve commissure dissection was evaluated with multiple modalities during hospitalization. Understanding this clinical condition will help cardiologists provide better medical care.