bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic studies of the low molecular weight DNA binding protein of murine oncornaviruses
Authors: Long Cedric W. , Berzinski Richard , Gilden Raymond V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA low molecular weight, highly basic DNA‐binding protein was purified from several oncornaviruses by the sequential procedures of gel filtration in guanidine‐hydrochloride, DEAE‐cellulose chromatography and affinity chromatography on single‐stranded DNA sepharose. The binding protein from Rauscher and woolly monkey type‐C viruses was the fastest migrating of the virion proteins in SDS‐polyacrylamide gels and thus is designated p10 according to previous convention although our estimates of molecular weight were 8–9,000 daltons. The binding protein from these two viruses was resolved into two bands by acid‐urea electrophoresis although only a single NH2 terminal amino acid was detected (S. Oroszlan, personal communication), thus indicating charge heterogeneity. Antibody to Rauscher virus p10 species‐specific in gel diffusion and complement‐fixation tests and did not exhibit cross‐reactivity with other virion proteins. A DNA‐binding protein was also detected in preparations of mouse mammary tumor virus. This purified protein had an apparent molecular weight of 12,500, was the second fastest migrating component in the virus preparations, and was antigenically unrelated to the mouse type‐C virus p10.
Drug sensitivity studies on clonal cell lines isolated from heteroploid tumour cell populations. I. Dose response of clones growing in monolayer cultures
Authors: Pályi I. , Oláh Edit , Sugár J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDrug sensitivity of a heteroploid tumour cell line and three clones isolated from it was studied in tissue culture. Cells of the parent line, P0, and of clone P1 were fibroblast‐like and pseudo‐ and hypodiploid. Clones P3 and P4 consisted mostly of epithelial and round cells, respectively, and were hypotetraploid. In dose‐response experiments, P1 and P4 clones were more sensitive to dianhydro‐dulcitol than P0 or P3 clones. Adriamycin was more toxic to P3 than to the other three cell lines. P3 and P4 clones were more sensitive to vincristine than P0 or P1 clones. N‐formyl‐leurosine, a new derivative of the Vinca alkaloids, was least toxic to P4 cells, and the other three cell lines were equally sensitive. It was concluded that relative sensitivity of the clones depended on the particular drug. Presence of clones of lower sensitivity in heteroploid cell populations may have some bearing on regrowth of tumours after chemotherapy.
Sequential evaluation of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity responses to recall and to lymphoid cell line antigens in Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Nkrumah F. K. , Herberman R. , Biggar R. , Perkins I. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDelayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to standard recall antigens (candidin, mumps and PPD), to crude membrane extracts of a cell line derived from Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) and to a cell line derived from normal lymphocytes (F265) were sequentially evaluated in 44 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. Sixteen patients (36%) manifested delayed hypersensitivity responses to the standard antigens and seven (16%) to the Raji membrane extract at presentation. Following successful chemotherapy, there was prompt and significant improvement of reactivity to both the standard and Raji antigens (p>0.001), suggesting that the initial impairment of delayed hypersensitivity was most likely related to tumor burden. By 9 months after treatment, all patients in sustained remission expressed reactivity to Raji and 21 of 22 to the standard antigens. None of the patients skin‐tested with the F265 extract at presentation gave a positive response and only one subsequently expressed reactivity after remission was induced. On relapse, reactivity to the standard antigens was more readily lost (4 of 11) than reactivity to the Raji extract (1 of 7). Pretreatment delayed hypersensitivity to the standard antigens also correlated better with long‐term survival than to pretreatment responses to Raji. It remains to be determined whether the antigens expressed in the Raji extract are indeed tumor‐specific or related to Epstein‐Barr virus.
An abnormal luteal‐phase evening peak of plasma prolactin in women with a family history of breast cancer
Authors: Kwa H. G. , Wang D. Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an earlier study an abnormally high luteal‐phase evening peak of plasma prolactin in women with a family history of breast cancer was first noted, but there were few observations. The current study confirms the original findings. Other groups, e.g. nulliparous women and tall and heavy women also appear to show the same abnormality. Further work is required to establish this finding. However, the abnormally high luteal‐phase evening peak of plasma prolactin in the family history group is still present when such women are disregarded. The possible relevance of the restriction of elevated prolactin levels, in enhanced‐risk women, to the luteal phase, when both oestradiol and progesterone levels are also elevated, is discussed briefly as is the question why a minor peak at 19.00 h is important when plasma prolactin levels show a massive increase between 03.00 and 09.00 h.
Antigenic differences between primary methylcholanthrene‐induced rat sarcomas and post‐surgical recurrences
Authors: Pimm M. V. , Baldwin R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunogenicities of in vivo lines established from primary MCA‐induced rat sarcomas have been compared with those of lines initiated from tumour recurrences at the site of the primaries' surgical excisions. Lines from two of four primary sarcomas showed little or no immunogenicity, as assessed by protection against challenge afforded by graft excision or implantation of irradiated tissue. In contrast, lines from all four recurrences were immunogenic, giving protection against up to 5 × 106 tumour cells. Most importantly, with all four tumours, lines established from recurrences were antigenically distinct from lines derived from their original primary sarcomas, so that immunization with regrowth lines gave no protection against the lines from the primaries, and vice versa. These studies demonstrate that primary MCA‐induced sarcomas are antigenically distinct from recurrent tumours arising after surgical removal of the primaries, implying that these tumours arose by clonal amplification of separate populations of transformed cells. This may reflect proliferation of dormant neoplastic cells or the further induction of transformed cells by residual carcinogen. These findings are relevant to the multifocal origin of tumours and for the design of active immunotherapy for the treatment of recurrences or metastatic deposits.
SV40 tumor rejection induced by vesicular stomatitis virus bearing SV40 tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (SV40‐TSTA). II. Association of sv40‐tsta activity with liposomes containing vsv glycolipids
Authors: Huet Christian , Ansel Sandra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHighly purified vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was obtained from VSV‐infected SV40‐transformed and from “normal” hamster cell lines. A glycolipid extract was prepared from these VSV preparations according to the Folch partition procedure. These glycolipids were rendered immunogenic to the Syrian hamsters when incorporated within liposomal membranes composed of lecithin/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (1/1/2 by weight). When the glycolipids were extracted from VSV grown on cell lines (TSV5‐cl2 and EHSVi‐cl1) which contained the SV40 tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (SV40‐TSTA), it was possible either to induce a tumor rejection or at least to slow the growth of the tumor in Syrian hamsters challenged with TSV3‐cl2 cells. No protection was obtained in animals treated with liposomes containing glycolipids extracted from purified VSV grown on SV40‐TSTA‐negative cells (EHB). The SV40‐TSTA could be a glycolipid of the transformed cell membrane which is incorporated within the VSV envelope.
Experimental yolk‐sac tumors produced by fetectomy without virus infection in rats
Authors: Sakashita Shigeo , Tsukada Yutaka , Nakamura Kyoji , Tsuji Ichiro , Hirai Hidematsu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPregnant WKA rats were laparotomized on the 12th day of gestation, and all fetuses were removed from the uteri, leaving the fetal membranes attached to placentas in situ, protruding into the peritoneal cavity. After 5 to 6 months, extrauterine tumors were observed in 80% of the operated rats, and elevated serum α‐fetoprotein levels were detected in 80% of the tumor‐bearing rats. The tumors in AFP‐positive rats always contained yolk‐sac tumor elements. In transplantable tumor lines established in the ascites form, numerous free‐floating embryoid bodies were observed. The experiments demonstrate that yolk‐sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) can be induced by simple fetectomy without infection by exogenous tumor virus.
Studies of bone and soft‐tissue tumours induced in rats with radioactive cerium chloride
Authors: Klein B. , Pals S. , Masse R. , Lafuma J. , Morin M. , Binart N. , Jasmin J. R. , Jasmin C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA colloidal suspension of radioactive cerium chloride was inoculated into the hind legs of Sprague Dawley rats. Bone and soft‐tissue tumours were induced at the site of inoculation in 77% of the animals. All bone tumours were osteogenic osteo‐sarcomas. Soft tissue tumours were mostly malignant and were of various histological types, predominantly fibrosarcomas, haemangiopericytomas, angiosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. A kinetic study showed that the doubling time (DT) of tumours was closely correlated with the anatomical site of tumour development: bone tumours had a DT of 17.4±4.3 days and malignant tumours which developed in soft tissues had a DT ranging from 7.4 to 8.4 days with the exception of two haeman‐giosarcomas which had a long DT of 17±0.6 days. Pulmonary metastases were frequent for osteo‐sarcomas and tumours of vascular origin. This model of induction of bone and soft‐tissue tumours in rats by injection of a colloidal suspension of radioactive cerium chloride offers the possibility of more comprehensive physiopathological and kinetic studies of these tumours and may constitute a good model for their human counterparts.
A proliferation gradient in three‐dimensional colonies of cultured human glioma cells
Authors: Carlsson Jörgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe growth of colonies of human glioma cells cultured in agarose has been studied. The mitotic activity and the fraction of cells which incorporated tritiated thymidine decreased nearly exponentially with the depth in the colonies, the shape and inclination of the proliferation gradient being independent of the colony diameter. This explains why the volume doubling times were rather similar for colonies of different sizes. It is also shown that the stability of the gradient during growth gave rise to nearly exponential growth, although a large part of the centrally situated cells were out of the cell cycle or had a reduced proliferative rate. The incorporation of tritiated thymidine into labelled cells was similar in the peripheral and the central regions as evaluated from grain counting. This indicated that the length of the S‐phase was constant.
Identification and solubilization of iodinated cell surface human melanoma associated antigens
Authors: Bystryn Jean‐Claude , Smalley James R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo identify soluble cell surface melanoma‐associated antigens (MAA), human melanoma cells in culture were radioiodinated by the lactoper‐oxidase technique and solubilized in non‐ionic detergent (NP‐40). Labelled MAA were identified by a quantitative double‐antibody antigen binding assay and unrelated labelled macromolecules by trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Detergent solubilized 95% of the macromolecule‐associated radioactivity. Approximately 8%, presumably MAA, was bound specifically by anti‐melanoma serum. In contrast, anti‐melanoma serum bound specifically only 0.5 to 1.5% of the acid precipitable radioactivity in control cells iodinated in a similar manner. Specificity was further studied by quantitative serum absorption. Two different melanoma lines were equally effective in inhibiting specific binding of iodinated melanoma lysate, whereas 50‐100 times more normal fresh lymphocytes, liver and spleen cells, cultured HeLa or colon adenocarcinoma cells, and 8 times more cultured fetal cells were required to produce similar reductions in specific binding. These studies demonstrate that cell surface human melanoma antigens that differ qualitatively and/or quantitatively from those on normal or malignant allogeneic tissues can be solubilized and identified. These antigens are shared with other melanomas, and some are also present on fetal cells.
Cellular cytotoxicity in vitro in transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder: 51Cr‐release assay
Authors: Troye Marita , Perlmann P. , Larsson Å. , Blomgren H. , Johansson B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytotoxicity in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 54 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC‐bladder) against a small panel of allogeneic target cells was studied by the 51Cr‐release assay. Lymphocytes from 20 patients with other neoplastic diseases, mainly urogenital cancers, were used as controls. Also included were lymphocytes from 24 healthy donors. Lymphocytes from individual donors of all three groups were frequently cytotoxic to any one of the target cell types on the panel and occasionally this cytotoxicity was high. However, lymphocytes from TCC‐bladder patients who were untreated for their disease had an elevated mean cytotoxicity against cells from two different cell lines of TCC‐bladder origin as compared with that against other target cells, derived either from normal bladder epithelium, from colon carcinoma or from malignant melanoma. The cytotoxicity against TCC‐bladder targets of lymphocytes from the clinical controls (who were untreated for their cancer) was not significantly elevated over that against the other targets. The same was true for the healthy donors. Lymphocytes from TCC‐bladder patients treated with radiotherapy from 1‐12 years before testing also had an elevated mean cytotoxicity against TCC‐bladder targets. This group (31 patients) was heterogeneous, comprising patients with a generally reduced cytotoxicity and others whose lymphocytes were strongly cytotoxic to TCC‐targets. However, while no correlations between cytotoxicity to TCC‐bladder targets and targets of other origin were seen for the untreated patients, the treated TCC‐bladder patients showed a positive correlation between cytotoxicity to TCC‐bladder targets and “normal” bladder targets. Taken together, the results indicate that lymphocytes of most (but not all) donors was selective, i.e. individual donors' lymphocytes were cytotoxic for some target cell types but not for others. Inspection of cytotoxicity profiles suggests that these selective reactions reflect multifactorial immune responses against a variety of antigens. In addition, in TCC‐bladder patients there exists a superimposed cytotoxicity, probably reflecting reactions against one or several tumor‐associated antigens. In treated patients this may be masked by a higher incidence of cross‐reactions, or by a generally suppressed reactivity. Finally, the results also emphasize the importance of using age‐ and sex‐matched controls for assessing the relative cytotoxicity of different groups of lymphocyte donors.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity and cell surface antigens of two unique cell lines (nalm‐1 and balm‐2) of human leukemic origin
Authors: Srivastava B. I. Sahai , Minowada J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo unique cell lines, NALM‐1 and BALM‐2 derived from lymphoblast‐like cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia and rare B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, respectively, were compared with fresh parent cells from the patients and with a Philadelphia chromosome positive K‐562 cell line previously established from a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient in blastic phase. NALM‐1 resembled the parent cells in the presence of Philadelphia chromosome, non‐T/non‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia specific antigens and lack of T or B cell markers, whereas BALM‐2, like the parent cells, had two chromosome markers and bore x, δ and μ immunoglobulins. NALM‐1 lacked Epstein‐Barr virus genome, whereas BALM‐2 showed the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus genome. K‐562 cells lacked all the antigen markers examined. All cells had high DNA polymerase α activity and low DNA polymerase γ activity. NALM‐1, like the parent cells and unlike K‐562 cells, had high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity of about 200 μ/mg DNA, whereas BALM‐2, like its parent cells, had terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity of 1‐2 μ/mg DNA (1 u = 1 nmole Mn++‐dGTP/h on dA12‐18, initiator). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was characterized by its chromatographic and sedimentation behavior, thermal sensitivity and specific inhibition by streptolydigin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase antisera. These results indicate that NALM‐1 and K‐562 may represent different phenotypes of cells in CML blastic crisis. Moreover, NALM‐1 and BALM‐2 seem to have retained the characteristics of original leukemic cells from which they may have been derived.
Transformation of lymphocytes by herpesvirus papio
Authors: Falk Lawrence A. , Henle Gertrude , Henle Werner , Deinhardt Friedrich , Schudel Alex 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCotton‐topped (CT) or white‐lipped (WL) marmoset lymphocytes were transformed in vitro with herpesvirus papio (HVP) into permanently growing lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Five of 9 HVP‐transformed CT cell lines contained cells with antigens reacting with antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and/or to EBV‐induced early antigens (EA). None of 12 WL LCL revealed such antigen‐producing cells. Cells from both groups of cultures failed to react with antibodies to the EBV‐specified nuclear antigen (EBNA). Exposure of baboon circulating lymphocytes to X‐irradiated HVP or EBV‐carrying cells, or to suspensions of EBV resulted in establishment of LCL which all contained VCA and/or EA‐positive, but no EBNA‐positive cells. Nuclear antigens were undetectable also with anti‐VCA‐positive sera from baboons, chimpanzees, or other non‐human primates. DNA‐complementary RNA (cRNA) filter hybridization with EBV cRNA showed that with one exception transformed CT or WL marmoset cells contained at least 1‐2 virus genome equivalents per cell, while at least 12‐25 virus genome equivalents per cell were detected in transformed baboon cells. These data need confirmation by DNA‐DNA reassociation kinetics.
Enhancing lymphocytes in spleens of tumor‐bearing mice: affinity chromatography on insolubilized histamine
Authors: Schechter B. , Segal S. , Feldman M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from C57BL mice carrying the metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) developed a transient cytotoxic response towards the tumor shortly after tumor transplantation. Later on, the cytotoxic activity was lost and enhancing lymphocytes could be demonstrated in the spleens of the tumor‐bearing mice (TBM). Spleen cells that were transferred together with tumor cells into syngeneic recipients enhanced tumor growth. The enhancing activity could be eliminated by the removal of a cell population that bound to histamine/rabbit serum albumin/Sepharose (HRS). The adherent population was enriched for enhancing lymphocytes, since it enhanced tumor growth more than the unfractionated population. The non‐adherent cells, on the other hand, lost their enhancing activity in vivo and were sometimes protective against tumor growth. In addition, these cells manifested in vitro cytotoxi‐city against tumor cells. Hence the suppresssion of the cytotoxic expression in TBM is, at least in part, due to suppressor lymphocytes that bind to unsolubilized histamine. These cells seem to enhance tumor growth by suppressing host reactivity. Thus the enhancing lymphocyte populations can be separated into two subpopulations, of which one is enriched while the other is depleted of suppressor cells.
A mouse leukemia cell mutant resistant to blasticidin s
Authors: Kuwano Michihiko , Matsui Katsuko , Takenaka Kenji , Akiyama Shin‐Ichi , Endo Hideya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis we isolated from mouse leukemia L5178Y cells a mutant cell (Bla‐R) resistant to blasticidin S, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Neither growth nor leucine incorporation into hot‐acid insoluble fraction of Bla‐R cell was inhibited by 5 to 20 μg/ml blasticidin S, which almost completely blocked protein synthesis as well as growth of the parental L5178Y cells. However, other inhibitors such as fusidic acid, cycloheximide, ricin D or L‐asparaginase blocked protein synthesis in Bla‐R cells to the same extent as in L5178Y cells. Protein synthesis in vitro using S‐30 extracts from the parental cell line L5178Y was almost completely blocked in the presence of the antibiotic, while no inhibition by blasticidin S occurred when S‐30 extracts from Bla‐R mutant cells were used. Protein synthesis assays were made by using the S100 fraction from rat liver together with ribosomes from either L5178Y cells or Bla‐R cells. Blasticidin S inhibited protein synthesis when ribosomes were derived from L5178Y cells, but not from Bla‐R mutant.
Comparative studies on immunity to EBV‐associated antigens in NPC patients in North America, Tunisia, France and Hong Kong
Authors: Levine Paul H. , Wallen William C. , Ablashi Dharam V. , Granlund David J. , Connelly Roger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study compared the relative antibody titers to EBV‐related antigens in patients with naso‐pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and controls from a high‐incidence (Hong Kong), an intermediate incidence (Tunisia), and two low‐incidence (France, North America) areas to determine which of several EBV antibodies best differentiated NPC patients from controls. Antibodies measured include anti‐virus capsid antigen (VCA), anti‐early antigen (EA), anti‐soluble antigen by complement‐fixation (CF) and antibody‐dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADLC). A matched pair analysis showed that significantly more NPC patients had higher VCA and EA but not CF or ADLC antibody titers than their matched cancer controls. The comparison of geometric mean titers between NPC cases and controls was more than seven‐fold (816 vs 11.5) for EA antibody and more than three‐fold (359.7 vs 95.4) for VCA antibody (p<0.01). A two‐fold difference was seen for CF antibody to soluble antigens (27.3 vs 12.9, p<0.01) and a three‐fold difference (2657.7 vs 870.9, p<0.05) was observed for ADLC. Our finding of significant differences between NPC patients from four countries and their matched controls suggest that if EBV is the etiological agent of NPC in Chinese, it is quite likely to cause the majority of NPC cases in other ethnic groups living in other countries as well.