bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiinflammatory effect of Japanese‐Sino medicine ‘Keishi‐ka‐jutsubu‐to’ and its component drugs on adjuvant air pouch granuloma of mice
Authors: Kimura Masayasu , Kimura Ikuko , Luo Bao , Kobayashi Shinjiro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA Japanese‐Sino medicine, Keishi‐ka‐jutsubu‐to (KJ), consisting of seven crude drugs, aconite, Atractylodes lancea, peony, liquorice, ginger, cassia and jujube, has long been used clinically to cure chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The antiinflammatory effect induced by KJ and the main roles of the component crude drugs in KJ were investigated on adjuvant‐induced air pouch granuloma in mice. KJ (water‐soluble extract at 50°C) was effective in inhibiting the chronic inflammatory process of angiogenesis, whereas KJ (extract at 100°C without a water‐cooler) was effective for the acute inflammatory processes of inflammatory cell migration and pouch fluid exudation. Keishi‐to (KJ minus aconite and Atractylodes lancea) and a combination of both aconite and Atractylodes lancea provided additive inhibition of angiogenesis when used in combination. The interaction between aconite and Atractylodes lancea also produced additive inhibition. The effects on angiogenesis of peony, ginger or cassia alone were potentiated, and those of aconite, Atractylodes lancea or liquorice alone were additive in KJ. Pharmacological analysis of these experimental chronic inflammatory processes demonstrated the role of each drug in the combined effect of KJ.
Antidiabetic effect of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn) extract: Part II
Authors: Huralikuppi J. C. , Christopher A. B. , Stephen P. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEarlier studies showed that the extract of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., an aquatic Indian plant, produced hypoglycaemia and an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rabbits. Further investigations were undertaken. Chronic administration of plant extracts (test drugs) to normal rats did not produce a sustained fall of fasting blood sugar levels although daily doses caused hypoglycaemia as an acute effect; concurrent glucose tolerance studies showed beneficial effects. In vitro studies with rat hemidiaphragms revealed that test drug treatment of donor animals significantly enhanced the effect of insulin. The improvement of glucose tolerance therefore may also be due to increased peripheral glucose utilization caused by increased sensitivity of skeletal muscles to endogenous insulin. Comparative studies were also carried out in moderately diabetic rabbits using test drugs (equivalent to 1000 mg/kg of crude material) and standard drugs phenformin and tolbutamide (100 mg/kg each). The test drugs showed acute and chronic effects in suppressing hyperglycaemia, but were less potent than standard drugs. However, test drugs significantly improved glucose tolerance in these animals. With severely diabetic rabbits, these drugs proved to be ineffective even at four‐fold higher doses. Toxicity studies in normal rats did not show any deleterious effect on kidney, heart or liver during an 8‐week study period.
Hepatoprotective activity of picroliv isolated from Picrorhiza kurrooa against thioacetamide toxicity on rat hepatocytes
Authors: Visen P. K. S. , Shukla Binduja , Patnaik G. K. , Chandra Ramesh , Singh Vineeta , Kapoor N. K. , Dhawan B. N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPicroliv, an iridoid glycoside mixture from the root and rhizome of Picrorhiza kurrooa, showed dose‐dependent protective activity on isolated hepatocytes (ex vivo) against thioacetamide‐induced hepatic damage in the rat. It enhanced the percentage of viable hepatic cells. Picroliv also antagonized the changes in the enzymes GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase produced by thioacetamide both in the isolated hepatocyte suspension as well as in serum. It was found to be more potent than silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent.
A pharmacological evaluation of Baphia nitida Lodd (Leguminosae) ethanolic extract on rats and mice
Authors: Onwukaeme D. N. , Lot T. Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFresh leaves of Baphia nitida supplied by a herbalist were extracted, screened phytochemically and then subjected to various pharmacological tests. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of saponin, flavonoid glycosides and true tannins. In the dose range used, no acute toxicity was observed for the ethanolic extract. The extract showed a dose dependent antinociceptive (analgesic) activity in mice with the analgesic activity of 500 mg/kg extract being comparable to that of 300 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid. The extract demonstrated an antidiarrhoeal effect by protecting rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea. This was also dose related but less than the protection afforded by sodium salicylate. The extract did not demonstrate any appreciable anticonvulsant effect against strychnine‐induced convulsion in rats.
Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Wong Brian Y. Y. , Lau Benjamin H. S. , Teel Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOldenlandia diffusa (OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumours while Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL) are often used as an adjunct in cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)‐induced mutagenesis using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 as the bacterial tester strain and rat liver 9000 × g supernatant as the metabolic activation system. The effects of these herbs on [3H]BapP binding to calf thymus DNA and formation of BaP‐DNA adducts were assessed. Organosoluble and water‐soluble metabolites of BaP were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and alumina column liquid chromatography. Mutagenesis assays revealed that all four herbs produced a significant concentration‐dependent inhibition of His+ revertants induced by BaP. At a concentration of 1.5 mg/plate, SB and OD in combination exhibited an additive effect, whereas AM and LL in combination demonstrated an antagonistic effect. The trend of inhibition of these four herbs on BaP‐induced mutagenesis was: SB > LL > OD > AM. LL, OD and SB significantly inhibited BaP binding to DNA. LL and SB significantly reduced BaP‐DNA adduct formation and SB significantly decreased formation of organosoluble metabolites of BaP. Our data suggest that these Chinese medicinal herbs possess cancer chemopreventive properties.
Feeding deterrency and insecticidal effects of plant extracts on Lutzomyia longipalpis
Authors: de Arias Antonieta Rojas , Schmeda‐Hirschmann Guillermo , Falcao Adalberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPapers impregnated with seventeen extracts and three essential oils derived from nineteen plant species were assayed for insecticidal effect on Lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies. Five extracts significantly increased the mortality rates when compared with controls. Six extracts and two essential oils were assessed after application to hamsters for repellency/antifeedant effects on the flies. Bixa orellana seed extract and Bulnesia sarmientoi essential oil elicited a strong feeding inhibition at 2.50‐1.25 μg/cm2 skin.
Pharmacological effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides from Orobanche hederae
Authors: Pieretti S. , Di Giannuario A. , Capasso A. , Nicoletti M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA purified extract of Orobanche hederae, composed of two phenylpropanoid glycosides, verbascoside and orobanchoside (55:45), was investigated for its pharmacological profile. The extract did not exert significant changes on the nociceptive threshold in the hot plate test; no effect was registered on guinea‐pig ileum. On the other hand, the phenylpropanoid glycoside mixture significantly prolonged sleep induced by pentobarbital and affected locomotor activity in mice; it also produced a slowing of the electroencephalographic trace and induced, when injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle, epileptiform activity in male rabbits. These effects may suggest neuroleptic‐like properties.
In vitro antiamoebic and antiplasmodial activities of alkaloids isolated from Alstonia angustifolia roots
Authors: Wright C. W. , Allen D. , Cai Ya , Phillipson J. D. , Said I. M. , Kirby G. C. , Warhurst D. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNine alkaloids from Alstonia angustifolia have been assessed for antiprotozoal activities against Entamoeba histolytica and Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Three dimeric alkaloids, macrocarpamine, macralstonine acetate (semisynthetic) and villastonine were found to possess significant activity against both protozoans, but were 4–8 times less potent than emetine against E. histolytica and 15–50 times less potent than chloroquine against P. falciparum. The monomeric alkaloids, alstonerine, alstophylline, 11‐methoxyakuammicine, norfluorocurarine, pleiocarpamine and vincamajine were all considerably less active than the dimers: macralstonine base was found to be inactive.
The pharmacological properties of the ethanolic root extract of Combretum dolichopetalum
Authors: Asuzu I. U. , Njoku J. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pharmacological actions of the crude ethanolic extract and the active fractions of the roots of Combretum dolichopetalum were tested on guinea‐pig isolated ileum and in intact rats. The extract relaxed guinea‐pig ileum in a concentration‐dependent manner. Two active fractions (Rf 0.96 and 0.84) which also relaxed the guinea‐pig ileum were isolated using column chromatography and TLC respectively. Both the crude extract and the active fractions inhibited the contractions induced by acetylcholine and histamine concentration‐dependently in the guinea‐pig ileum. The crude extract inhibited ulcers and gastric secretions induced in rats by pyloric ligation together with histamine 100 mg/kg, i.p. (p<0.05). The extract also delayed gastric emptying in rats in a dose‐dependent manner. The effects of the extract were compared with cimetidine at each stage of the study.
The effects of Baphia nitida Lodd (leguminosae) extract on the gastrointestinal tract of rats and mice
Authors: Onwukaeme D. N. , Lot T. Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe constituents from the leaves of Baphia nitida were extracted using methanol and acetone as solvents. The extract did not demonstrate any acute toxic effects in mice within the dose range used during this study. The extract inhibited gastric emptying time in rats and intestinal motility in mice, both effects were manifested in a dose‐related fashion. These effects were similar but less pronounced than those produced by atropine sulphate. The extract did not induce gastric ulceration in rats and failed to protect against acetyl salicylic acid‐induced gastric ulcer in rats or histamine‐induced duodenal ulcer in guinea‐pigs.
Blood sugar lowering effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del, in an experimental rabbit model
Authors: Akah P. A. , Okafor C. L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina, Del, (Compositae) given i.p. produced a dose‐related fall in blood sugar. A dose of 80 mg/kg body weight of adult rabbit produced a maximum lowering of blood sugar in both fasted normal and alloxanized rabbits. The fasting blood sugar in normoglycaemic rabbits was reduced from 96 mg% to 48 mg% in 4 h. In alloxanized rabbits, the blood sugar was reduced from the mean value of 520 mg% to 300 mg% in 8 h. The hypoglycaemic effects were compared with those of tolbutamide. Acute toxicity studies of the extract in mice gave LD50 value of 1122 mg/kg body weight when given i.p. The blood sugar lowering effect of Vernonia amygdalina extract may involve a mechanism not related to insulin secretion.
Studies on the neuropharmacological aspects of Pluchea indica root extract
Authors: Sen T. , Chaudhuri A. K. Nag 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNeuropharmacological studies were conducted in rodents with Pluchea indica Less root extract. On investigation with different experimental models it was found that the extract produced alteration of behaviour pattern, reduction in spontaneous motility, prolongation of pentobarbitone‐induced sleep, suppression of aggressive behaviour pattern and of the conditioned avoidance response. The observations suggest that the root extract of P. indica possesses a potent central nervous system depressant action.
Hypotensive effect and enzyme inhibition activity of mapuche medicinal plant extracts
Authors: Schmeda‐Hirschmann G. , Loyola J. I. , Sierra J. , Retamal R. , Rodriguez J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThirty‐five plant samples belonging to 30 Mapuche medicinal plants were assayed for xanthine oxidase and β‐glucuronidase inhibitory activity as well as for brine shrimp toxicity and hypotensive effect in normotensive rats. A high number of extracts displayed significant inhibition towards the enzyme β‐glucuronidase or elicited a hypotensive response. The biological activity of the assayed extracts shows some correlation with their use as digestives for treating hepatic troubles by the Mapuche Amerindians. From the ten plants displaying a hypotensive effect ≥20%, eight have some ethnobotanical indication suggesting that activity.
Oscillating potentials of the electroretinogram in the evaluation of the effects of padma 28 on lipid metabolism and vascular changes in humans
Authors: Samochowiec J. , Palacz A. , Bobnis W. , Lisiecka B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this study the effect of Padma 28 on lipid parameters and oscillating potentials of the electroretinogram in humans was measured. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation between disturbances in lipid metabolism and oscillating potentials exists. The lipid parameters studied in blood serum of patients included: triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol percentage. A decrease in the amplitudes of oscillating potentials was observed in patients with hyperlipidaemia, including both hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. In these patients, after 16 weeks of treatment with Padma 28 the values for oscillating potentials and lipid parameters normalized. Thus the oscillating potentials of the electroretinogram may prove a useful tool in diagnosing pathological conditions that are associated with disturbances in blood lipid levels, such as atherosclerosis, at early stages hitherto difficult to diagnose.
A clinical study of PSP on peripheral blood counts during chemotherapy
Authors: Shiu W. C. T. , Leung T. W. T. , Tao M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of polysaccharide peptides from Coriolous versicolor (PSP) on peripheral blood counts was evaluated on eleven Chinese breast cancer patients. There was no significant drop in their peripheral white blood counts and platelet counts after three cycles of chemotherapy. Half of the studied patients noticed an increase in appetite. The authors concluded that PSP may be a useful adjunctive treatment during chemotherapy.
Mikania cordata root extract in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reduction of enzyme leakage in mice with carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage
Authors: Mandal P. K. , Bishayee A. , Mukherjee J. R. , Chatterjee M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of Mikania cordata root extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury were investigated. Lipid peroxidation, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were used as the marker for functional efficiency of the liver cells. A 7.8% inhibition of lipid peroxide levels in liver homogenate was noted at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the inhibition was more prominent (68.7%) at the optimum dose level of 150 mg/kg. The inhibitory values were 4.3% and 30.4% at the low and the high (optimum) doses tested, respectively, in the case of lipid peroxide levels in the hepatic lipid fraction. At a dose of 150 mg/kg, a maximum inhibition of the increased enzyme levels was observed (i.e. SGOT, 15.6%; SGPT, 13.4%; LDH, 22.8%). This observation suggests that Mikania cordata root extract induced a recovery from the damage caused in liver tissue during CCl4 administration.
Bioactive substances from the Chinese daffodil, Narcissus tazetta
Authors: Chiu K. W. , Lee Y. C. , Yung K. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe cardiovascular activity of the aqueous (A) and 30% MeOH (B) fractions of an ethanol extract of the daffodil bulbs (Narcissus tazetta) was examined using in vivo and in vitro preparations of normotensive rats and in the presence/absence of various blockers: α, β‐adrenergic, cholinergic, ganglionic, histaminergic, enzyme converson inhibitor, calcium channel. These fractions (A and B) produced similar dose‐dependent hypotensive responses in the anesthetized animals. The responses induced by fraction B might be mediated via adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation. In isolated atrial preparations, fraction A increased the atrial rate (+ ve chronotropism) but not the atrial tension (inotropism). Fraction B, however, produced negative chronotropic but positive inotropic responses. Fraction B had no effect on the untreated tail vascular smooth muscle but increased the tension on AVP‐preconstricted helical strips. It is suggested that the daffodil bulb contains cardiovascular active substances, the sum total of the effects produced accounts for the hypotensive action. It is further shown that these substances are distinct from those of well‐documented antimitotic narciclasine.
Antimicrobial activity of Polygonum equisetiforme extracts and flavonoids
Authors: Ghazal S. A. , Abuzarqa M. , Mahasneh A. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMethanol, hexane, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of the whole plant Polygonum equisetiforme did not show any activity against ten bacterial and four fungal species. The butanol crude extract and all the pooled groups of this exhibited variable patterns of antimicrobial activity. Quercetin (a flavonol) has been isolated and identified as the major constituent. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of quercetin was compared with the antibacterial drugs gentamycin, streptomycin and ampicillin and the antifungal drug miconazole nitrate. The antifungal activity of quercetin was limited to Candida tropicalis and it had a narrow antibacterial spectrum of activity. However, its activities against Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli were low grade compared with ampicillin, stretomycin and gentamycin. Quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide, quercetin‐3‐O‐arabinoside and isorhamnetin were also isolated in very low yield. They have not been reported previously in this species.
Biologically active preparations from Lactuca virosa L.
Authors: Gromek D. , Kisiel W. , Klodzińska A. , Chojnacka‐Wójcik E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe crude preparations from Lactuca virosa L. (P‐1, P‐2, P‐3), lactucin (1) and jacquinelin (2) were investigated pharmacologically in Albino‐Swiss mice. The results indicate that P‐1, P‐2, P‐3 and 1, but not 2 show sedative and analgesic properties. The most active of them was preparation P‐2 which at a dose of 2 mg/kg reduced the spontaneous locomotor activity and at a dose of 15 mg/kg produced an analgesic effect. Jacquinelin (2), 8‐desoxylactucine (4), 11β,13‐dihydrolactucin (5) and lactuside A (6) were isolated from this preparation.
Effects of saponins from Mimosa tenuiflora on lymphoma cells and lymphocytes
Authors: Jiang Yulin , Weniger Bernard , Haag‐Berrurier Micheline , Anton Robert , Beck Jean‐Paul , Italiano Liliane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe following saponosides: mimonosides A (Ma), B (Mb) and C (Me), isolated from the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret (Mimosaceae) were tested for their influence on cell growth. These effects were evaluated in vitro on a panel of lymphoma cells from human and murine origins and on murine lymphocytes (thymocytes and splenocytes). The three saponins did not exhibit any growth influence on two tumour cell lines (Molt 4 and RDM 4). However, they exhibit an important increase of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA of cultured lymphocytes in vitro. Synergic effects of the saponins with concanavaline A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the lymphocytes were observed.
The basis for the antihyperglycemic activity of Indigofera arrecta in the rat
Authors: Nyarko A. K. , Sittie A. A. , Addy M. E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe basis for the antihyperglycaemic property of Indigofera arrecta, a plant used for the treatment of diabetes, was evaluated using normoglycemic and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. The rats were given different doses of the freeze‐dried extract of the plant material orally and intraperitoneally. The extract decreased the plasma glucose levels of fasting normoglycemic rats, but did not prevent the rise in plasma glucose after an oral glucose load in these rats. The extract increased plasma insulin levels. In the diabetic rats, the rise in blood glucose after an oral glucose load was not affected when the extract was administered 17 days after induction of diabetes. When administered 7 days after induction of diabetes, the rise in blood glucose was decreased, and was stabilized after 30 min. The results indicate that I. arrecta is insulinotropic, requiring functional beta cells to express its effect.
Assessment of the efficacy of quwenling as a mosquito repellent
Authors: Collins D. A. , Brady J. N. , Curtis C. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractQuwenling is a mosquito repellent product made in China from lemon eucalyptus. It was tested in the laboratory against. Anopheles gambiae in comparison with two commercial products containing 20–22% deet. The numbers of mosquitoes coming to bite in 30 s with successive increments of dosage of each product applied to human skin or to a cotton sleeve were compared with the numbers of bites with untreated controls. The ED50, ED90 and ED100 values indicated that Quwenling was somewhat less potent than the deet products. The performance of the three products against British wild mosquitoes did not differ significantly.
Panax ginseng extract improves scopolamine‐induced deficits in working memory performance in the T‐maze delayed alternation task in rats
Authors: Ni X.‐H. , Ohta H. , Watanabe H. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of Panax ginseng water extract on spatial working memory disruption induced by scopolamine were examined using a T‐maze delayed alternation task in rats. Scopolamine (0.025–0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently impaired the maze performance, and physostigmine (0.4 mg/kg) significantly reversed the scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg)‐induced performance deficits. Ginseng extract (0.5–4.0 g dried root/kg) orally administered 60 min before testing dose‐dependently improved the maze performance disrupted by scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg). Ginseng extract given for 7 days in drinking water (2.0 and 4.0 g/kg/day) also exhibited dose‐dependent reversal of the scopolamine‐induced performance deficits. These data indicate the beneficial effects of ginseng extract on spatial working memory in rats.
Pharmacological study of phenylpropanoid glycosides: Platelet aggregation and blood pressure studies in rabbits and rats
Authors: Capasso A. , Pieretti S. , Di Giannuario A. , Nicoletti M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides (PhGs) isolated from Calceolaria and Orobanche on platelet aggregation and blood pressure have been investigated. The PhGs tested were able to interfere with platelet aggregation, producing pro‐ or antiaggregant effects. On the other hand, none of the PhGs tested had a significant effect on Mood pressure. The results suggest that the effects of PhGs on rabbit platelets may be related to a differential modulation of cAMP‐phosphodiesterase.