bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoscintigraphy of Infections Using 123I and 99mTc-Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies. Advanced Experiences in 230 Patients
Authors: Seybold K. , Frey L.D. , Locher J. 
Published: November 2007

Advanced experiences show an extremely high diagnostic potential in im munoscintigraphy of infections using monoclonal antigranulocytes antibodies (Mab). There was no hampering of the biological properties of the granulocytes after in vivo labeling with123I or99mTc-tagged Mabs. There were mostly identi cal findings and an equal functional behavior of the granulocytes observed with the use of different agents. Diagnosis of infections was made mostly within four to six hours p.i.99mTc labeling is more advantageous than123 I because of better image quality, constant availability, and lower costs.123I Mab 47 seems to be recommended in some cases of chronic osteomyelitis and spondylitis. No rele vant antigenicity was observed in follow-up studies of testing HAMA serum levels. Only a few short-time reactions were seen after repeated administration of99mTc Mab. There were no side effects and no allergic or adverse reactions. Despite these methodical advantages of the immunoscintigraphic detection of infectious and inflammatory lesions, this method should be further restricted to severe cases or patients in whom other methods would not be practicable or have failed. HAMA controls are continued in all our patients undergoing im munoscintigraphy.
Fine Structures Around the Orifice of the Intercostal Artery of the Rabbit Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Emura Sei , Masuko Sadahiko , Sunaga Toshiaki 
Published: November 2007

In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, atherosclerotic lesions easily occur in the thoracic aorta, especially at the distal and lateral sides of the walls around the orifices of the dorsal intercostal arteries. In order to examine whether some spe cial structures that lead to atherosclerotic lesions are present even in normal con ditions, the authors investigated the morphologic features around the orifice of the intercostal artery of 20 normal rabbit aortae under electron microscopy. The endothelial cells were generally fusiform but tended to be round and have a cobblestone-like appearance at the lateral side. There was intimal protrusion at the distal and lateral sides of the orifice, where the distribution and arrange ment of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells were different from those at the proximal side. At the proximal edge of the orifice, elastic fibers formed a thick plate-like internal elastic lamina beneath the endothelial cells. On the other hand, at the distal and lateral sides, elastic fibers formed close-meshed structures over the proper plate-like internal elastic lamina. These results indicate that the aortic walls at the distal and lateral sides of the orifice are structurally different from those at other regions even in normal conditions and suggest the involvement of special structures at the distal and lateral sides of the orifice in atherogenesis.
Relationship between Chronic Hypoxia and In Vitro Pulmonary Relaxation Mediated by Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors in Human Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Dinh-Xuan A. Tuan , Higenbottam Timothy W. , Wallwork John 
Published: November 2007

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) are paracrine vasodilator sub stances released by endothelial cells. There is compelling evidence to suggest that EDRF may play an important role in the modulation of vascular tone in the systemic circulation. However, the role of EDRF-mediated pulmonary relaxa tion in chronic lung disease is unknown. The authors have, therefore, investigated endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) obtained from 18 patients undergoing heart-lung transplantation for end-stage chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale (HCP). Control PAs were obtained from 10 patients, none of whom had evidence of HCP, and who underwent lobectomy for lung carcinoma. All vascular rings were studied immediately after lung excision. PA rings from control patients dose-dependently relaxed to cumulative doses of acetylcholine (ACh, 10-10 to 10 -5 M), achieving a maximal relaxation of 73.2±4.4% from precontraction to phenylephrine. By contrast, PA rings from HCP patients achieved only 42.1 ±6.7% of maximal relaxation (p<0.01). Sodium nitroprus side (10-4 M) relaxed all PA rings, with and without endothelium (carefully re moved before study), obtained from both control and HCP patients. The endothelium-dependent maximal relaxation to ACh was positively related to pretransplant values of PaO2 (r = 0.59; p< 0.01), but no relationship was found with either PaCO2 (r = -0.41) or FEV1 (r = -0.14). The authors conclude that pulmonary relaxation mediated by EDRF is im paired in human HCP and suggest that such impairment may be related to severity of the preexisting chronic hypoxemia.
Bacteriology of 100 Consecutive Diabetic Foot Infections and In Vitro Susceptibility to Ampicillin/Sulbactam Versus Cefoxitin
Authors: Borrero Edgar , Rossini Michael 
Published: November 2007

One of the major complications of diabetes mellitus is the occurrence of diabetic foot infection. The polymicrobial nature of diabetic foot infection has been well documented in the literature. In order to avoid amputation of the tissue affected, the ulceration and infec tion must be appropriately diagnosed and treated. This paper describes the microbiologic and clinical features obtained from 100 consecutive diabetic in fected foot patients treated with either cefoxitin or ampicillin/sulbactam.
Clinical Significance of the Calcification of Coronary Arteries in Patients with Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries
Authors: Sekiya Michihito , Mukai Mikio , Suzuki Makoto , Ohtani Takashi , Abe Mitsunori , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Sumimoto Takumi , Fujiwara Yasushi , Hamada Mareomi , Hiwada Kunio 
Published: November 2007

In order to clarify the clinical significance of coronary calcification in pa tients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, exercise electrocardiog raphy was used and left ventricular function was examined noninvasively and invasively. The patient groups were as follows: (1) patients with coronary artery calcification on only the left anterior descending artery but no narrowing lesion on any other arteries (calcified group), (2) patients with a significant stenosis on only the left anterior descending artery (stenotic group), and (3) the control group. The left ventricular function in the calcified group, as indicated by systolic time intervals and invasive parameters such as ejection fraction and mean sys tolic ejection rate, showed a depression similar to that in the stenotic group, compared with the control group. The incidence of electrocardiographically is chemic responses to exercise testing was significantly higher in the calcified group (75%, p < 0.01) and the stenotic group (68%, p < 0.01) than in the control group (25%). Exercise tolerance time and the maximum double product were markedly smaller in the calcified and the stenotic groups as compared with the control group. These results indicate that the left ventricular function and coronary reserve in the calcified group were reduced and almost identical with those in the stenotic group. The authors conclude that a calcified coronary artery, even if patent, cannot supply an adequate blood flow for the myocardium, resulting in impaired left ventricular function.
Laser Recanalization of Thrombosed Arteries Using Thermal and/or Modified Optical Probes; Angiographic and Angioscopic Study
Authors: Tomaru Takanobu , Abela George S. , Gonzalez Jose , Giacomino Philippe , Friedl Stephan E. , Barbeau Gerald R. 
Published: November 2007

The degree of residual stenosis by fresh thrombus after laser recanalization was compared by use of angiography and angioscopy. Fifteen NZW rabbits were used. Occlusive fresh thrombus in rabbit aorta was produced by mechani cal deendothelialization and external constrictions simulating clinical situations. Argon laser angioplasty using microlens-tipped optical fiber and/or 2 mm hot- tip probe was done to recanalize thrombosed aorta in 10 animals. Two-mm hybrid probe was used in 5. Percent area stenosis (% AST) was derived by use of the mean radius method obtained by angiography of stenotic segments in two orthogonal views and/or from angioscopy. All 15 totally occluded vessels with fresh thrombus were recanalized. Four minor perforations occurred. Following argon laser angioplasty with the microlens optical fiber, percent stenosis was reduced to 53% in diameter by angiography and 66 in % AST by angioscopy, and to 48% and 55 respectively following hot-tip probe. After laser angioplasty with the hybrid probe, residual stenosis by fresh thrombus was 37% in diameter on angiography and 63 in % AST on angioscopy. Mean percent AST was 62% with angiography and 52% with angioscopy, and there was no correla tion between them (r =-0.028). Angioscopy provided cross-sectional topo graphic views of thrombosed lumen and showed charring and shrinkage of thrombus following laser angioplasty. This study suggests that (1) continuous-wave laser angioplasty using modi fied optical fibers can recanalize thrombotic vascular occlusion, (2) laser angio plasty by hop-tip probe could evacuate fresh thrombus more than microlens fiber on angioscopy, and (3) angiographic % AST did not correlate with angio scopic % AST.
Vasodilator Action of Pentoxifylline on Microcirculation of Rat Cremaster Muscle
Authors: Sonkin Peter L. , Chen Long-En , Seaber Anthony V. , Hatchell Diane L. 
Published: November 2007

Pentoxifylline improves microvascular blood flow in conditions of vascular insufficiency. The clinical benefits of pentoxifylline have been attributed to its effects on the cellular elements of whole blood, although a few studies suggest it may also be a vasodilator. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline has a vasodilator effect on the luminal diameter of small arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine and on resting small arteries in the rat cre master muscle. Intravital videomicroscopy was used in order to observe directly the vasodi lator capacity of topically applied pentoxifylline. The results reveal that pentox ifylline (100 μM and more) can significantly dilate small arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine. Pentoxifylline had no effect on the diameter of resting small arteries. These results suggest that vasodilation may play a role in the ability of pen toxifylline to improve arterial blood flow.
Measuring Ankle Systolic Blood Pressure: Validation of the Dinamap 1846 SX
Authors: Mundt Kenneth A. , Chambless Lloyd E. , Burnham Cynthia B. , Heiss Gerardo 
Published: November 2007

Clinical and epidemiologic situations requiring repeated measurements of blood pressure in the lower extremity are increasingly incorporating automated measurement devices; however, no device has been validated adequately for ankle blood pressure. This study evaluates the Dinamap 1846 SX against Dop pler ultrasound in determining ankle systolic blood pressure (SBP) and com pares a parallel with contour wrapping technique for applying the blood pres sure cuff. Ankle SBP was measured on 71 adult volunteers by both devices simultaneously, for each cuff wrap. Averages of three readings were compared to evaluate Dinamap versus Doppler SBP estimates and to assess any cuff wrap effect. Multiple linear regression was used to assess potential effect modifiers. Instrument differences (Dinamap minus Doppler) for the parallel wrap (95% confidence intervals in parenthesis) were —1.5 mmHg (-3.1, 0.0) and — 3.9 mmHg (-5.6, -2.2) for the contour wrap. Wrap effect differences (contour minus parallel) for the Doppler were -4.9 mmHg (-6.3, -3.5) and -7.2 mmHg ( — 8.7, — 5.8) for the Dinamap. Degree of ankle taper was a strong modi fier of cuff effect for the Dinamap but not for the Doppler: adjusted cuff effect with the Dinamap ranged from — 3 to —10 mmHg. Measurement precision (within-person reproducibility, measured by within-person standard deviation [σ 2] and reliability coefficient [R]) was higher for the Dinamap than the Doppler technique, lowest for the parallel wrap and Doppler configuration (σ2 = 5.4 mmHg, R = 0.88) and greatest for the contour wrap and Dinamap (σ2 = 4.0 mmHg, R = 0.94). In conclusion, cuff-wrapping technique can generate SBP differences of greater magnitude than instrument differences. Conditional on the use of the contour wrap, and by virtue of its high repeatability and ease of operation, the Dinamap is a useful tool for epidemiologic study and the clinical assessment of peripheral arterial disease.
Electrocardiographic Prediction of the Success of Coronary Reperfusion by Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy: An Experimental Study
Authors: Tomoda Haruo 
Published: November 2007

The accuracy of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in predicting the success of coronary reperfusion by intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy was studied in 49 canine acute myocardial infarctions (MI), induced by occlusive thrombus in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Two hours after the onset of MI, urokinase (UK, 3 x 10 4 U/kg) was administered IV and the heart was observed for one further hour. LAD flow and epicardial ECGs were recorded continuously. LAD flow was restored by UK in 26 of 49 animals (Group I); restored LAD flow was stable in 17 of the 26 (Group IA) and unstable with repeated fluctuations in the other 9 (Group IB) during the follow-up period. No coronary reflow was obtained by thrombolysis in 23 of 49 animals (Group II). The best electrocardiographic criterion for predicting coronary reperfusion was reduction of ST elevation by more than 25%, which had a predictive accuracy of 86%. There was a significant correlation between the grade of improvement of coronary blood flow and reduction of ST elevation in Group IA (p < 0.01), but not in Group IB, indicating that unstable coronary blood flow following thrombolysis due to residual thrombus appears to be one of the major factors preventing accurate prediction of coronary reperfusion with thrombolysis on the basis of changes in ST elevation.
Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Aneurysm by two-Dimensional Echocardiography — A Case Report
Authors: Angeles Katherine , Betzu Robert , Gould Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2007

A patient who was evaluated for a syncopal episode was found by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography to have an aneurysm of the atrial septum. The atrial septal aneurysm appeared as a localized outpouching of the atrial septum that protruded into the left atrium during systole and into the right atrium during early diastole. The 2D echocardiography permits the definitive diagnosis of this condition by a noninvasive technique.
Effect of Single Oral Administration of Nilvadipine on Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Kobayashi Shotai , Yamaguchi Shubei , Okada Kazunori , Suyama Nobuo , Bokura Kazunori , Murao Mituyoshi , Tsunematsu Tokugoro 
Published: November 2007

The effect of nilvadipine, a newly developed calcium antagonist, on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was investigated in 7 patients with chronic cerebral infarction. rCBF was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method. Patients were given a single dose of 4 mg of nilvadipine after the first measurement of rCBF, and the second measurement was done one hour after the administra tion. All patients had hemiparesis and 2 of them had mild to moderate mental deterioration, but all patients could walk to the outpatient clinic by themselves. Results: (1) rCBF of the affected side significantly increased by 22.7% after single oral administration of nilvadipine (p<0.05). The increase of rCBF was significantly marked in frontal regions of the affected hemispheres. (2) No sig nificant changes in blood pressure or end tidal partial pressure of carbon diox ide were observed during the examination. These results indicate that nilvadipine has a potent selective vasodilatory action on the cerebral arteries in patients with cerebral infarction.
Hyperfibrinogenemia and Hyperviscous Plasma in Hypertensive Africans
Authors: Reid H.L. , Ojogwu L.I. 
Published: November 2007

Changes in plasma fibrinogen concentrations (PFC) and relative plasma vis cosity (RPV) were investigated in 61 Nigerian Africans while they were being treated for essential hypertension. The association of these hemorheologic vari ables with blood pressure was examined. An analogous study was done on 30 normotensive controls for comparison. The hypertensive patients had, overall, a significant increase in both PFC and RPV (p < 0.001) as compared with control values. However, 44.3% of the hypertensive patients had PFC and RPV values within the defined normal lim its. This indicates that in a proportion of the hypertensives, treatment notwith standing, PFC and RPV are altered only within the physiologic limits. Comparison of PFC and RPV with the degree of hypertension (mild: diasto lic blood pressure (DBP) = 90mmHg; moderate: DBP = 91-99mmHg; severe: DBP ≥ 100mmHg) showed significant stepwise increases at the moderate and severe levels as compared with the mild level of hypertension. The hyperfibrinogenemia and concomitant hyperviscous plasma observed in the present study could either play a role in the pathogenesis of the hypertension or be the consequence of the hypertension itself, at least in some patients.
Five Adolescents
Authors: Williams Murray 
Published: November 2007

During the last few years, many writers have made eloquent and use ful contributions to our understanding of adolescent patients; a body of wisdom and theory has been developed, and the enquiring physician will find many penetrating insights in the medical literature of the past few years.1-4 It does seem worth while to describe several representative adolescent patients whose histories illustrate certain features peculiar to this age period. Some of their problems may seem trivial and incidental, but the application of insight and guidance may lead to the resolution of nor mal developmental crises with remarkably little expense of time and effort.
Lead Poisoning in Children
Authors: Feigin Ralph D. , Shannon Daniel C. , Reynolds Stephen L. , Shapiro Lilian W. , Connelly John P. 
Published: November 2007

How does lead usually enter the body and what systems are usually involved? What one symptom above all others should arouse the suspicion of lead poison ing? In follow up of children with lead en cephalopathy, frequently they have a lower I.Q. than their peers. What is the evidence for this? Should the gastro-intestinal tract of chil dren with lead poisoning be cleared of re sidual lead before treatment is instituted? What public health measures are recom mended if a case of lead poisoning is dis covered ?
Rectal Examination in Children
Authors: Othersen H. Biemann , Greenberg Larrie , Morse Thomas S. 
Published: November 2007

The only objection to a routine pediatric rectal exam ination is the fear of some emotional or physical trauma to the child. With gentleness and patience a rectal ex amination need not be traumatic. Rectal examination in children is as important as it is in adults and should be performed routinely. The omis sion of a rectal examination usually indicates that gloves and lubricant were not conveniently available for use during the physical examination. Gloves and lubricant should always be kept accessible wherever children are being examined.
Parent Education in a Children's Hospital
Authors: Rie H.E. , Grossman B.J. 
Published: November 2007

The effects of a didactic lecture and discussion about their hospitalized child's illness upon parents' knowledge of that illness are evaluated. Parents attending such lectures achieved significantly greater success than those parents of a non-attending group in their ability to recognize true facts about rheumatic fe ver and in their ability to avoid sub scription to contradictory statements. Significant changes in knowledge which also occurred in the non-attending group attest to the value of multiple channels of communication within the hospital as aids in parent education. Fail ure to keep subsequent follow up ap pointments tended to be associated with failure to learn about the child's illness during the course of this study.
The Application of Renal Microdissection to the Study of Kidney Disease in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Fetterman George H. , Fabrizio Nancy S. 
Published: November 2007

The methods of renal microdissection are of essential value in the study of kid ney problems in infancy and childhood. Characteristics of nephrons in normal kidneys in the pediatric age group are presented, as well as examples of some of the proximal tubular abnormalities which have been demonstrated in renal disease in infancy and childhood. These illustrations were shown in an Exhibit at the American Association of Urology Meeting and won an Honorable Mention; and at the College of American Pathologists ASCP Meeting where it re ceived the Gold Award in the Educational Division.
Review : Maternal and Congenital Rubella
Authors: Katz Richard G. , White Lon R. , Sever John L. 
Published: November 2007

Although it is certainly a childhood dis ease, many a pediatrician completes his resi dency having seen none or only a few cases of typical rubella. Despite this lack of ex perience he is likely to be invited by an internist or obstetrician to see a patient (often pregnant) with possible rubella or who has been exposed to the disease. On the advice of the consulting pediatrician, the pregnancy may be terminated or may be allowed to go to completion. In the latter case, he may eventually be called upon to evaluate the infant for evidence of con genital rubella. To handle such a situation intelligently, it is necessary to have a thorough under standing of the clinical features and epi demiology of postnatal rubella, the special circumstances involved with infection of mother and fetus, and the current status of methods for diagnosis, treatment, and pre vetition of infection.
Recurrent Ear Infections in Children
Authors: Turner Jack 
Published: November 2007

Recurrent ear infections result from eu stachian tube incompetence based on con genital facial maldevelopment or stenosis secondary to repeated childhood infections. There is no known successful surgical repair of the tube lumen. Facial growth with asso ciated lumen enlargement remains the only hope for eventually normal middle ear func tion. What can be done before growth takes over to minimize permanent middle ear disease and ensure the best possible hear ing ? This author outlines a logical approach to this very difficult problem.
Myringotomy—An Office Procedure
Authors: Stool Sylvan E. 
Published: November 2007

Knowing how to employ myringotomy properly will help the physician control acute otitis media with or without mas toiditis, and assist in preventing the hearing loss so often associated with chronic otitis. Here is a description of how myringotomy can be utilized to uncover occult pathologic processes, as well as to provide adequate sur gical drainage when needed.
Review : Visceral Larva Migrans
Authors: Mok C.H. 
Published: November 2007

Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM), a syn drome occurring mainly in young children, is characterized not only by chronic eosino philia, hepatomegaly, hyperglobulinemia, but at times by involvements of lung, eye, central nervous system, heart, skin or other organs as a consequence of local larval mi grations. That Toxocaral infection is the most usual cause is now well established. As a rule the course is benign but pro longed, though a few affected children have died. Diagnosis is essentially clinical. Definite proof can be established only by demon stration of the presence of larvae in the tissue. Recent work on serologic diagnostic technics and intradermal tests with Toxo cara antigen are suggestive of future use fulness. No specific treatment is yet available. Di ethylcarbamazide has been tried without ap preciable effect on the eosinophilia. Recent studies indicate that thiabendazole may be of benefit. Preventive measures are of the utmost importance.