bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAT3 induces transcription of the DNA methyltransferase 1 gene (DNMT1) in malignant T lymphocytes
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Hong Y. , Woetmann Anders , Raghunath Puthiyaveettil N. , Odum Niels , Wasik Mariusz A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated that STAT3, a well-characterized transcription factor expressed in continuously activated oncogenic form in the large spectrum of cancer types, induces in malignant T lymphocytes the expression of DNMT1, the key effector of epigenetic gene silencing. STAT3 binds in vitro to 2 STAT3 SIE/GAS-binding sites identified in promoter 1 and enhancer 1 of the DNMT1 gene. STAT3 also binds to the promoter 1 region and induces its activity in vivo. Treatment of the malignant T lymphocytes with STAT3 siRNA abrogates expression of DNMT1, inhibits cell growth, and induces programmed cell death. In turn, inhibition of DNMT1 by a small molecule inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxy-cytidine, and 2 DNMT1 antisense DNA oligonucleotides inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3. These data indicate that STAT3 may in part transform cells by fostering epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressor genes. They also indicate that by inducing DNMT1, STAT3 facilitates its own persistent activation in malignant T cells. Finally, these data provide further rationale for therapeutically targeting STAT3 in T-cell lymphomas and, possibly, other malignancies.
ULBPs, human ligands of the NKG2D receptor, stimulate tumor immunity with enhancement by IL-15
Authors: Sutherland Claire L. , Rabinovich Brian , Chalupny N. Jan , Brawand Pierre , Miller Robert , Cosman David 
Published: April 2006

AbstractULBPs are human ligands for NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, NK1.1+ T cells, and T cells. ULBPs are expressed by a variety of leukemias, carcinomas, melanomas, and tumor cell lines. ULBP expression correlates with improved survival in cancer patients, however, the nature of the immune response that ULBPs elicit is not well understood. We report that ectopic expression of ULBP1 or ULBP2 on murine EL4 or RMA tumor cells elicits potent antitumor responses in syngeneic C57BL/6 and SCID mice. Although binding of ULBP3 to murine NKG2D could not be demonstrated in vitro, ULBP3 can also stimulate antitumor responses, suggesting that ULBP3 binds to murine NKG2D or possibly another receptor in vivo. ULBP expression was found to recruit NK cells, NK1.1+ T cells, and T cells to the tumor. IL-15 was found to strongly enhance the immune response directed against ULBP-expressing tumors. Tumors can evade NKG2D immunity by down-regulating expression of NKG2D. Our data suggest that IL-15 may be useful for overcoming this tumor-evasion strategy. Together, these results demonstrate that ULBP expression can elicit a potent immune response and suggest that ULBPs, alone or in combination with IL-15, can be exploited for antitumor therapy.
Quantitative prediction of mouse class I MHC peptide binding affinity using support vector machine regression (SVR) models
Authors: Liu Wen , Meng Xiangshan , Xu Qiqi , Flower Darren R , Li Tongbin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe binding between peptide epitopes and major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHCs) is an important event in the cellular immune response. Accurate prediction of the binding between short peptides and the MHC molecules has long been a principal challenge for immunoinformatics. Recently, the modeling of MHC-peptide binding has come to emphasize quantitative predictions: instead of categorizing peptides as "binders" or "non-binders" or as "strong binders" and "weak binders", recent methods seek to make predictions about precise binding affinities.ResultsWe developed a quantitative support vector machine regression (SVR) approach, called SVRMHC, to model peptide-MHC binding affinities. As a non-linear method, SVRMHC was able to generate models that out-performed existing linear models, such as the "additive method". By adopting a new "11-factor encoding" scheme, SVRMHC takes into account similarities in the physicochemical properties of the amino acids constituting the input peptides. When applied to MHC-peptide binding data for three mouse class I MHC alleles, the SVRMHC models produced more accurate predictions than those produced previously. Furthermore, comparisons based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that SVRMHC was able to out-perform several prominent methods in identifying strongly binding peptides.ConclusionAs a method with demonstrated performance in the quantitative modeling of MHC-peptide binding and in identifying strong binders, SVRMHC is a promising immunoinformatics tool with not inconsiderable future potential.
Gender effect on clinical features of achalasia: a prospective study
Authors: Mikaeli Javad , Farrokhi Farnoosh , Bishehsari Faraz , Mahdavinia Mahboobeh , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Achalasia is a well-characterized esophageal motor disorder but the rarity of the disease limits performing large studies on its demographic and clinical features.

Methods
Prospectively, 213 achalasia patients (110 men and 103 women) were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis established by clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic as well as manometry criteria. All patients underwent a pre-designed clinical evaluation before and within 6 months after the treatment.

Results
Solid dysphagia was the most common clinical symptom in men and women. Chest pain was the only symptom which was significantly different between two groups and was more complained by women than men (70.9% vs. 54.5% P value= 0.03). Although the occurrence of chest pain significantly reduced after treatment in both groups (P < 0.001), it was still higher among women (32% vs. 20.9% P value= 0.04). In both sexes, chest pain did not relate to the symptom duration, LES pressure and type of treatment patients received. Also no significant relation was found between chest pain and other symptoms expressed by men and women before and after treatment. Chest pain was less frequently reported by patients over 56 yrs of age in comparison to those less than 56 yrs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
It seems that chest pain is the distinct symptom of achalasia which is affected by sex as well as age and does not relate to the duration of illness, LESP and the type of treatment achalasia patients receive.
A dosimetric analysis of respiration-gated radiotherapy in patients with stage III lung cancer
Authors: Underberg René WM , van Sörnsen de Koste John R , Lagerwaard Frank J , Vincent Andrew , Slotman Ben J , Senan Suresh 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Respiration-gated radiotherapy can permit the irradiation of smaller target volumes. 4DCT scans performed for routine treatment were retrospectively analyzed to establish the benefits of gating in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and methods
Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were contoured in all 10 respiratory phases of a 4DCT scan in 15 patients with stage III NSCLC. Treatment planning was performed using different planning target volumes (PTVs), namely: (i) PTVroutine, derived from a single GTV plus 'conventional' margins; (ii) PTVall phases incorporating all 3D mobility captured by the 4DCT; (iii) PTVgating, incorporating residual 3D mobility in 3–4 phases at end-expiration. Mixed effect models were constructed in order to estimate the reductions in risk of lung toxicity for the different PTVs.

Results
Individual GTVs ranged from 41.5 – 235.0 cm3. With patient-specific mobility data (PTVall phases), smaller PTVs were derived than when 'standard' conventional margins were used (p < 0.001). The average residual 3D tumor mobility within the gating window was 4.0 ± 3.5 mm, which was 5.5 mm less than non-gated tumor mobility (p < 0.001). The reductions in mean lung dose were 9.7% and 4.9%, respectively, for PTVall phases versus PTVroutine, and PTVgating versus PTVall phases. The corresponding reductions in V20 were 9.8% and 7.0%, respectively. Dosimetric gains were smaller for primary tumors of the upper lobe versus other locations (p = 0.02). Respiratory gating also reduced the risks of radiation-induced esophagitis.

Conclusion
Respiration-gated radiotherapy can reduce the risk of pulmonary toxicity but the benefits are particularly evident for tumors of the middle and lower lobes.
New Chiral Stationary Phases with Two Chiral Centers for the Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Racemic Anti-inflammatory Drugs Related to α-Arylpropionic Acids
Authors: Hyun Myung Ho , Hwang Seung-Ryul , Ryoo Jae-Jeong 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
New chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with two chiral centers were prepared from (R)- or (S)-α-naphthylethylamine and (S)-naproxen. The (R,S)-CSP prepared from (R)-α-naphthylethylamine and (S)-naproxen was found to be very successful in resolving 3,5-dinitroanilide derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs related to α-arylpropionic acids.
Regioselective Synthesis of Prenylphenols. Syntheses of Naturally Occurring 4′-Alkenyloxy-2′,6′-dihydroxy-3′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenones
Authors: Tsukayama Masao , Kikuchi Makoto , Kawamura Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 4′,6′-bis(benzyloxy)-3′-iodo-2′-tosyloxyacetophenone with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol gave 4′,6′-bis(benzyloxy)-3′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)-2′-tosyloxyacetophenone (7). Dehydration of the benzoate obtained via two steps from 7 gave the 3′-prenylacetophenone, which was converted into 4′,6′-dihydroxy-3′-prenyl-2′-tosyloxyacetophenone (12). Respective geranylation and prenylation of 12, followed by hydrolysis gave 4′-geranyloxy- and 4′-prenyloxy-2′,6′-dihydroxy-3′-prenylacetophenone (1 and 2). The structures of natural prenylacetophenones proposed as 2′-alkenyloxy isomers were revised as 1 and 2, respectively.
The Migration of Double Bond under the Neutral Conditions. The Transformation of α-Alkylidene Cyclic Carbonyl Compounds to α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Tanaka Masahide , Mitsuhashi Hiroshi , Maruno Masao , Wakamatsu Takeshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The transformation of α-alkylidene cyclic carbonyl compounds to α,β-unsaturated cyclic carbonyl compounds was achieved. In the presence of catalytic amount of triethylsilane, tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride was found to affect the migration of double bonds. Because of the neutral nature of reaction medium, the reaction proceeded in a clean manner without side reactions.
Palladium Ion-exchanged SAPO-5 as a Catalyst for Low Temperature Combustion of Methane
Authors: Ishihara Tatsumi , Sumi Hideaki , Takita Yusaku 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The combustion activity of molecular sieves ion-exchanged by Pd were investigated as a catalyst for low temperature combustion of CH4. Among the molecular sieves examined, silicoaluminophosphate-5 (SAPO-5) ion-exchanged by Pd exhibited the highest activity for CH4 combustion as well as the high thermal stability. Since the high dispersion of Pd was attained, the CH4 conversion at 90% attained at 753 K, which is 200 K lower than that of conventional Pd/Al2O3 catalysts.
The Structures of Two Lindenane Sesquiterpene Glucosides from Chloranthus glaber
Authors: Okamura Hiroaki , Nakashima Nobutoshi , Iwagawa Tetsuo , Nakayama Noboru , Nakatani Munehiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Two glucosides of lindenane sesquiterpenes have been first isolated along with three known lindenane sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus glaber Makino and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Degradation of Poly(2-oxepanone) by Phytopathogens
Authors: Nishida Haruo , Tokiwa Yutaka 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Microbial degradation of poly(2-oxepanone):poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) by four kinds of phytopathogens was investigated with agar medium containing emulsified PCL. All phytopathogens formed clear-zones around the colonies with degrading PCL on yeast extract-agar plates. It was discussed that PCL may be an analogue of natural aliphatic polyesters such as cutin.
A Striking Effect of Spin Multiplicity on the Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reaction of a 1-Vinylnaphthalene – Pyromellitic Dianhydride System
Authors: Nakajima Takahiro , Shirota Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reaction of a 1-vinylnaphthalene – pyromellitic dianhydride system is found to show a striking effect of spin multiplicity on the reaction pathway; whereas the radical ion pair generated in the electronically excited singlet state readily undergoes back electron transfer, that produced in the triplet state leads to the formation of a 2 : 1 adduct. The present study presents an example which suggests the control of back electron transfer by spin multiplicity in the photoinduced electron-transfer reaction.
Highly Efficient TiO2 Film Photocatalyst. Degradation of Gaseous Acetaldehyde
Authors: Sopyan Iis , Murasawa Sadao , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Fujishima Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A glass-supported pure anatase film with an extremely high photocatalytic activity has been prepared. Photocatalytic properties of the film were investigated by measuring the degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde under relatively strong (black fluorescent light) and weak (white fluorescent light) UV light irradiations. It was found that the photocatalytic efficiency was higher than that of Degussa P25, one of the most efficient commercial TiO2 powders.
Poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) Containing Indigo Unit and Optical Third Harmonic Generation from Its Film
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Kizu Kenichi , Maruyama Tsukasa , Ooba Naoki , Tomaru Satoru , Kubota Kenji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A copolymer of pyridine-2,5-diyl and indigo-6,6′-diyl has been prepared by dehalogenation polycondensation using Ni(0) complex. The copolymer forms a good film, and the film shows the three-photon resonant third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of about 10−11 esu at absorption of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) unit.
Single-Point Mooring System for an Offshore LNG Import Terminal
Authors: Krekel M. H. , Leeuwenburgh R. , Bishop W. M. , Davis J. F. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This paper describes the conceptual design of an offshore liquidified natural gas (LNG) import terminal based on the "Bishop Process," sited on Vermilion block 179, offshore Louisiana. The Bishop Process comprises direct regasification of LNG in the dense phase and storage of the gas thus produced in salt caverns. (For conversion factors of units commonly used with LNG, please refer to Table 1.) The operating principles of this process are discussed, as well as the design considerations for the regas, storage, and send-out facilities. The single-point mooring (SPM) system for the offloading of LNG carriers is described, as well as the verification process thereof. The foreseen marine operations at the terminal are explained, and the work done confirms the technical and economical feasibility of the concept.
Effect of GOR, Temperature, and Initial Water Saturation on Solution-Gas Drive in Heavy-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Tang G.-Q. , Firoozabadi A. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
We have carried out an extensive set of tests on solution-gas drive for a heavy oil to study the effects of initial water saturation, temperature, and gas-oil ratio (GOR). The viscosity and the API gravity of the stock-tank oil from Hamaca field (in Venezuela) used in our tests are 560,000 cp (at 24°C) and 8.7, respectively. The solution-gas drive tests were conducted using live oils with solution GOR of 6.5, 9.0, and 12.2 (vol/vol at standard conditions). In two tests, initial water saturations of 4.0 and 5.2% were established. Five tests were conducted at a temperature of 35°C; one test was conducted at 46°C. The duration for each test was approximately 3 months. The following conclusions are drawn based on the results from all the tests. Initial water saturation decreases gas-bubble density. The recovery efficiency decreases because of an increase in gas mobility with increase in initial water saturation. As the temperature increases from 35 to 46°C, the gas relative permeability increases one order of magnitude, which in turn results in a reduction of recovery efficiency. The temperature effect on recovery is in agreement with our previous work with temperature increase from 24 to 35°C. Increase in solution GOR has a significant effect on the gas-bubble nucleation process, mainly because of change in interfacial tension. For all the tests conducted, the oil recovery by solution-gas drive at test termination was approximately 16% and higher.
A Comparison of Techniques for Coupling Porous Flow and Geomechanics
Authors: Dean R. H. , Gai X. , Stone C. M. , Minkoff S. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis paper compares three techniques for coupling multiphase porous flow and geomechanics. Sample simulations are presented to highlight the similarities and differences in the techniques. One technique uses an explicit algorithm to couple porous flow and displacements in which flow calculations are performed every timestep and displacements are calculated only during selected timesteps. A second technique uses an iteratively coupled algorithm in which flow calculations and displacement calculations are performed sequentially for the nonlinear iterations during each timestep. The third technique uses a fully coupled approach in which the program&apos;s linear solver must solve simultaneously for fluid flow variables and displacement variables. The techniques for coupling porous flow with displacements are described and comparison problems are presented for single-phase and three-phase flow problems involving poroelastic deformations. All problems in this paper are described in detail, so the results presented here may be used for comparison with other geomechanical/porous-flow simulators.
An Experimental Study at an Abu Dhabi Reservoir of Asphaltene Precipitation Caused By Gas Injection
Authors: Negahban S. , Bahamaish J. N. M. , Joshi N. , Nighswander J. , Jamaluddin A. K. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis paper discusses experimental work associated with the evaluation of asphaltene precipitation for a field in Abu Dhabi, UAE. This reservoir is in the early stages of development and will be put on production using a combination of gas-, water-, and water-alternating-gas- (WAG) injection schemes in early 2006. The field has not shown operational problems resulting from asphaltene precipitation during primary production.Laboratory experiments using the transmittance of an optimized laser light in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength (≈1600 nm) were used to first confirm the stability of asphaltene in the reservoir fluid. Two cases covering the expected extremes in terms of the field gas/oil ratio (GOR) were evaluated. Isothermal depressurization tests were also conducted at reservoir, wellhead, and separator temperatures (250, 190, and 130°C, respectively).Several additional light-transmittance experiments were conducted to evaluate the asphaltene-instability regions resulting from reservoir-fluid contact with various concentrations of rich gas and carbon dioxide (CO2). Measurements using high-pressure filtration were also collected to quantify the bulk precipitation of asphaltene with various molar concentrations of gas.Finally, tests were conducted using state-of-the-art technologies to evaluate the consistency of the initial NIR runs. These technologies involved the use of a spectral-analysis system (SAS) to evaluate asphaltene-particle size and growth rate and high-pressure microscopy (HPM) images to visually confirm the measurements.Results indicated that rich hydrocarbon gas in contact with reservoir fluid destabilizes asphaltene. The amount of the bulk precipitation increased with higher concentrations of rich gas in the reservoir fluid. Particle sizes were estimated to be in the range of 0.5 to 1 µm. The effect of CO2 was found to be less severe with regard to asphaltene instability.
Correcting for Frictional Pressure Drop in Horizontal-Well Inflow-Performance Relationships
Authors: Archer R. A. , Agbongiator E. O. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This paper presents the development of a correlation that corrects for error in single-phase horizontal-well productivity calculations made by neglecting frictional pressure drop in the wellbore. Frictional pressure drop within the wellbore is frequently a controlling factor on the performance of long horizontal wells. Frictional pressure drop could be especially significant in wells completed with screens and slotted liners. This pressure loss is neglected in traditional inflow-performance (IPR) calculations, such as those developed by S.D. Joshi and by D.K. Babu and A.S. Odeh. This study develops a correction that can be added to these analytical IPR relationships to account for friction. This correction is based on a dimensionless group that combines well and reservoir information. It is easy to evaluate and can be readily used in nodal analysis.
The correction was developed on the basis of more than 5,000 finite-difference-simulation runs, using a simulator with the capability to model wellbore friction. These runs spanned a wide range of well and reservoir parameters. The results are presented in terms of productivity errors (PEs); that is, the flow rate without friction minus the flow rate when friction is included in the model, divided by the flow rate reported without friction. The study found PEs as high as 90% in some cases (usually long wells with a small wellbore radius). These errors could lead to poor decisions on field development and production facilities. This paper presents a simple way to improve well-productivity predictions without requiring a reservoir-simulation model to take account of frictional pressure drops in the wellbore.
Single-Phase Model for Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) Head Performance
Authors: Sun Datong , Prado Mauricio 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This paper presents a new incompressible single-phase model for ESP head performance. Sachdeva (1988, 1994) and Cooper and Bosch (1966) developed models for ESP channels and for inducers, respectively. The model presented in this paper is based on 1D approximation along an ESP channel. The new derived pressure ordinary differential equation (ODE) for frictionless incompressible flow (Bird 1960) is consistent with the pump Euler equation. New models for pump frictional and shock losses have been proposed. Finally, a comparison between the predicted pump performance and the pump performances derived from the affinity law for different rotational speeds is presented. The single-phase model can predict ESP performance under different fluid viscosities and also is the basis of a gas/liquid model for ESP head performance.