bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celiac Disease Pathogenesis: The Proinflammatory Cytokine Network
Authors: Garrote José Antonio , Gómez‐González Emma , Bernardo David , Arranz Eduardo , Chirdo Fernando 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn susceptible individuals, the adaptive response, mediated by the activation of antigen‐specific T lymphocytes, drives a proinflammatory response, which ends in an immune‐mediated enteropathy characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes. In addition, some gluten peptides are able to induce an innate immune response in intestinal mucosa. The molecular mechanisms and the cells involved in the initial stages of the gluten–intestinal mucosa interaction are poorly understood to date. There is evidence of a direct toxic effect of gluten peptides in several biological models. However, the failure to control the inflammatory response may be one of the factors underlying gluten intolerance in these individuals. The cytokine network involved in celiac disease is characterized by abundant interferon‐γ in the intestinal mucosa. In addition, the production of interleukin (IL)‐15, IL‐18, and IL‐21 is linked to gluten intake, which can drive the inflammatory response probably sustained by IL‐18, IL‐21, and perhaps IL‐27 through STAT1 and STAT5 pathways, whereas neither IL‐12 nor IL‐23 plays a significant role in pathogenic mechanisms. Herein we describe the involvement of these activation pathways in the context of the pathogenesis of celiac disease.
Case of creeping disease treated with ivermectin
Authors: SENBA Yuko , TSUDA Kenshiro , MARUYAMA Haruhiko , KUROKAWA Ichiro , MIZUTANI Hitoshi , TANIGUCHI Yoshiki 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWe report a case of creeping disease treated successfully with ivermectin. A 46‐year‐old man presented with a 1‐month history of pruriginous linear erythema on his right thigh after a visit to Indonesia. Although he had no history of eating raw fish or meat, he walked along the river and in the jungle without wearing shoes. Creeping disease caused by animal hookworm was strongly suspected. The presence of parasite larvae was not confirmed in biopsied skin specimens. In enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, serum samples were negative for binding to hookworm antigens, including Ancylostoma canium, Necator americanus and Gnathostoma doloresi. He was treated with a single 12 mg oral dose (200 µg/kg) of ivermectin. The eruption and pruritus resolved within a few days after the administration and did not relapse.
Fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green for detecting sentinel nodes in extramammary Paget's disease and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: TSUJINO Yoshio , MIZUMOTO Kazuo , MATSUZAKA Yuki , NIIHARA Hiroyuki , MORITA Eishin 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe radioisotope navigation method, which has usually been used for identification of sentinel nodes, is less useful in locating sentinel nodes close to primary lesions in cases of extramammary Paget's disease because of overlapping radioactivity from the primary site. We applied fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green (ICG) in two patients with skin cancer to cover this defect. The use of a charge‐coupled device camera enabled real‐time visualization of dynamic lymph flow without skin incision. The inguinal skin over the identified sentinel node with a handheld gamma probe was in accordance with the point detected by ICG fluorescence in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the foot. Sentinel node biopsy using fluorescence navigation with ICG proved to be easy and reliable.
Case of cutaneous Scedosporium apiospermum infection successfully treated with voriconazole
Authors: MATSUMOTO Yuka , OH‐I Tsunao , NAGAI Ayako , OHYAMA Fuminori , OOISHI Tsuyoshi , TSUBOI Ryoji 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWe report a case of cutaneous infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum in a 75‐year‐old immunocompromised male patient who had received long‐term corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. The patient came to our department complaining of erythema with a number of pustules on the dorsal surface of the right hand. S. apiospermum was identified from a culture taken from the pus. After unsuccessful treatment with topical ketoconazole, oral itraconazole and oral terbinafine, the lesion quickly resolved with the daily administration of 400 mg voriconazole. No recurrence was observed despite discontinuation of voriconazole due to drug‐induced hepatitis. Voriconazole holds out the promise of an effective treatment for invasive Scedosporium infection.
Toll‐like receptor 4genetic diversity among pig populations
Authors: Palermo S. , Capra E. , Torremorell M. , Dolzan M. , Davoli R. , Haley C. S. , Giuffra E. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by theToll‐like receptor 4gene (TLR4) acts as the transducing subunit of the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex of mammals, which is a major sensor of infections by Gram‐negative bacteria. As variation inTLR4may alter host immune response to lipopolysaccharide, the association betweenTLR4polymorphisms and immune traits of the respiratory and gut systems has important implications for livestock. Here, a sequence dataset from 259 animals belonging to commercial and traditional European pig populations, consisting of 4305 bp ofTLR4,including the full transcribed region, a portion of intron 2 and the putative promoter region, was used to explore genetic variation segregating at theTLR4locus. We identified 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 17 in the coding sequence and 17 in the non‐coding region. Five non‐synonymous mutations clustered within, or in close proximity to, the hypervariable domain of exon 3. In agreement with studies in other mammals, a major exon 3 haplotype segregated at high frequency in the whole sample of 259 pigs, while variants carrying non‐synonymous substitutions showed frequencies ranging between 0.6% and 8.7%. Although results on exon 3 provided suggestive evidence for purifying selection occurring at the porcineTLR4gene, the analysis of both coding and non‐coding regions highlighted the fact that demographic factors strongly influence the tests of departure from neutrality. The phylogenetic analysis ofTLR4identified three clusters of variation (ancestral, Asian, European), supporting the evidence of Asian introgression in European main breeds and the well documented history of pig breed domestication previously identified by mtDNA analysis.
Signet ring cells in fine needle aspiration cytology of breast carcinomas: review of the cytological findings in ten cases identified by histology
Authors: Kelten C. , Akbulut M. , Zekioglu O. , Kapkaç M. , Erhan Y. , Ozdemir N. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:  To establish whether the presence of signet ring cells (SRCs) in histology sections of breast carcinoma cases was reflected by their presence in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears, correlating to the histological type of breast carcinoma.Methods:  We reviewed the FNAC findings of ten cases that had been diagnosed as primary breast carcinoma with SRCs on histological sections between 1998 and 2007. Slides and histological sections were obtained from the archives of Ege University Hospital.Results:  FNA smears were reviewed for the following cytomorphological features: background, cellularity, architecture, nuclear pleomorphism and the presence of SRCs. The background was bloody in eight cases, necrotic in one, and clean in one. There was no mucinous material in any of the cases. Cellularity was prominent in five cases (hypercellular), moderate in three (cellular) and low in two (hypocellular). Loosely cohesive groups of tumour cells of varying size were observed in all cases. A plasmacytoid appearance to some of the tumour cells was seen in all cases and discohesive tumour cells were present in eight. Nuclear pleomorphism was high in six cases and moderate in four. SRCs were observed in seven of the ten cases. Two of these seven cases also had a tubular pattern and one had tumour giant cells.Conclusions:  FNAC should be evaluated carefully regarding the presence of SRCs when cells with a plasmacytoid appearance are observed in either hyper‐ or hypocellular smears. The presence of single SRCs in FNACs with hypercellularity, high nuclear grade and tubular formation or tumour giant cells may be a clue in favour of ductal carcinoma. The presence of single SRCs in FNACs with hypocellularity and mild to moderate nuclear grade may be suggestive of lobular carcinoma. However, larger studies would be needed to establish the predictive value of the presence of SRCs on FNAC.
Distributional and demographic consequences of Pleistocene climate fluctuations for a marine demersal fish in the north‐eastern Atlantic
Authors: Larmuseau Maarten H. D. , Van Houdt Jeroen K. J. , Guelinckx Jef , Hellemans Bart , Volckaert Filip A. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim  The Pleistocene glaciations were the most significant historical event during the evolutionary life span of most extant species. However, little is known about the consequences of these climate changes for the distribution and demography of marine animals of the north‐eastern Atlantic. The present study focuses on the phylogeographic and demographic patterns of the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a small marine demersal fish.Location  North‐eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, Irish, North and Baltic seas.Methods  Analysis was carried out by sequencing the mtDNA cytochrome b gene of sand gobies from 12 localities throughout the species’ range, and using this information in combination with published data of allozyme markers and mtDNA control region sequences. Several phylogenetic methods and a network analysis were used to explore the phylogeographic pattern. The historical demography of P. minutus was studied through a mismatch analysis and a Bayesian skyline plot.Results  Reciprocal monophyly was found between a Mediterranean Sea (MS) clade and an Atlantic Ocean (AO) clade, both with a Middle Pleistocene origin. The AO Clade contains two evolutionary significant units (ESUs): the Iberian Peninsula (IB) Group and the North Atlantic (NA) Group. These two groups diverged during Middle Pleistocene glacial cycles. For the NA Group there is evidence for geographic sorting of the ancestral haplotypes with recent radiations in the Baltic Sea, Irish Sea, North Sea and Bay of Biscay. The demographic histories of the Mediterranean Clade and the two Atlantic ESUs were influenced mainly by expansions dated as occurring during the Middle Pleistocene glaciations and post‐Eem, respectively.Main conclusions  The pre‐LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) subdivision signals were not erased for P. minutus during the LGM. Middle Pleistocene glaciations yielded isolated and differently evolving sets of populations. In contrast to the case for most other taxa, only the northern Atlantic group contributed to the post‐glacial recolonization. The historical demography of Mediterranean sand gobies was influenced mainly by Middle Pleistocene glaciations, in contrast to that of the Atlantic populations, which was shaped by Late Pleistocene expansions.
Range‐wide genetic structure in a north‐east Asian spruce (Picea jezoensis) determined using nuclear microsatellite markers
Authors: Aizawa Mineaki , Yoshimaru Hiroshi , Saito Hideyuki , Katsuki Toshio , Kawahara Takayuki , Kitamura Keiko , Shi Fuchen , Sabirov Renat , Kaji Mikio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim  We used microsatellite markers to determine the range‐wide genetic structure of Picea jezoensis and to test the hypothesis that the past population history of this widespread cold‐temperate spruce has resulted in a low level of genetic variation and in imprints of inbreeding and bottlenecks in isolated marginal populations.Location  The natural range of the three infraspecific taxa of P. jezoensis throughout north‐east Asia, including isolated marginal populations.Methods  We analysed a total of 990 individuals across 33 natural populations using four nuclear microsatellite loci. Population genetic structure was assessed by analysing genetic diversity indices for each population, examining clustering (model‐based and distance‐based) among populations, evaluating signals of recent bottlenecks, and testing for isolation by distance (IBD).Results  The 33 populations were clustered into five groups. The isolated marginal groups of populations (in Kamchatka, Kii in Japan and South Korea) exhibited low levels of allelic richness and gene diversity and a complete or almost complete loss of rare alleles. A recent bottleneck was detected in the populations in Hokkaido across to mid‐Sakhalin. The IBD analysis revealed that genetic divergence between populations was higher for populations separated by straits.Main conclusions  Picea jezoensis showed a higher level of genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.101) than that observed in the genus Picea in general. This might be attributable to the fact that historically the straits around Japan acted as barriers to the movement of seeds and pollen. The low levels of genetic diversity in the isolated marginal population groups may reflect genetic drift that has occurred after isolation. Evidence of a significant bottleneck between the Hokkaido and mid‐Sakhalin populations implies that the cold, dry climate in the late Pleistocene resulted in the decline and contraction of populations, and that there was a subsequent expansion followed by a founder effect when conditions improved. The high polymorphism observed in P. jezoensis nuclear microsatellites revealed cryptic genetic structure that organellar DNA markers failed to identify in a previous study.
A training package for primary care nurses in conducting medication reviews: their views and the resultant outputs
Authors: Hansford Denise , Gill David , McLaren Jennifer , Krska Janet 
Published: March 2009

Aims.  To ascertain nurses’ views about training in and undertaking of medication reviews and to analyse documented pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and outputs from nurse reviews.Background.  Primary‐care nurses in the UK are increasingly expected to contribute effectively to chronic disease management for example by undertaking medication reviews. There are concerns that nurse education is inadequate for these new roles. Little research is published about nurse medication reviews. A pilot study in one Scottish medical practice demonstrated that, after training in systematic medication review, practice‐based nurses could identify medication‐related problems. The training, consisting of reading material, including self‐assessment questions and a training event, was subsequently offered to all practice‐based nurses in the Community Health Partnership (CHP); participants then undertook six reviews to achieve CHP accreditation.Design.  Survey of participant nurses and analysis of completed documentation from reviews.Methods.  A self‐completion, postal questionnaire distributed three months post‐training. Analysis of documentation from reviews for PCI and outputs.Results.  Eighty‐one nurses were offered training: 64 (79%) participated; 38 (59%) returned questionnaires. Low confidence levels before training (0, very confident; 6, 16% confident) rose afterwards (8, 21% very confident; 19, 50% confident). Thirty‐two (84%) nurses indicated the training had completely or mostly met their needs. A total of 120 nurse reviews were analysed and 188 PCI documented, mean 1·6/patient, with 117 outputs, mean 1·0/patient. Twenty‐seven outputs (23%) involved prescribed medicine changes.Conclusions.  A pharmacist‐supported training package in medication reviews for primary‐care nurses is feasible and generally welcome. The training met the needs of most respondents although concerns were expressed regarding time pressures and knowledge base for extended roles.Relevance to clinical practice.  Medication reviews are vitally important for both patients and the NHS; this approach may be useful for nurse prescribers and non‐prescribers alike although concerns expressed will require attention.
Community health practitioner’s practice guideline for a changing health care: Korean contribution
Authors: Ko Il Sun , Lee Tae Wha , Lee In Sook 
Published: March 2009

Aims and objectives.  The specific aims of the study were (1) to identify community residents’ health problems and community health practitioners’ activities, (2) to explore community health practitioners’ perception of the practice guidelines and (3) to provide recommendations for the development of a new practice guideline in the future.Background.  Community health practitioners in Korea are recognised as a critical component of the public health workforce in rural areas. Community health practitioners are registered nurses with six months special training, who have the chief responsibility of delivering primary health care to remote or isolated communities. Although there has been numerous changes in focus of community health practitioners practice over the two decades, community health practitioners guidelines have never been updated since being first developed in 1981.Design.  This investigation employed a cross‐sectional survey and focus group interview.Methods.  The samples included two different groups: 1003 community health practitioners participated in a survey and a group of 12 community health practitioners participated in a focus group interview. A measure of perception of the guideline was developed from Mansfield’s work. Goolsby’s criteria were revised and used to guide the focus group interview.Results.  The participants recognised that the role of community health practitioners is in a process of transition and expect to use well developed guidelines that will allow an appropriate response to the needs of the community. Community health practitioners are generally supportive of practice guidelines although they report various contextual, social and resource barriers to the use of practice guidelines. Finally, the researchers have provided recommendations for the development of new community health practitioners practice guidelines.Conclusion.  A newly developed community health practitioners guideline should assist in articulating new roles and responsibilities in the practice of community health practitioners and establish a foundation for knowledge, skills and training necessary for them to work independently.Relevance to clinical practice.  New services made available for under‐recognised health problems may be a direct outcome of newly developed guidelines.
Using phylochronology to reveal cryptic population histories: review and synthesis of 29 ancient DNA studies
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN UMA , HADLY ELIZABETH A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe evolutionary history of a population involves changes in size, movements and selection pressures through time. Reconstruction of population history based on modern genetic data tends to be averaged over time or to be biased by generally reflecting only recent or extreme events, leaving many population historic processes undetected. Temporal genetic data present opportunities to reveal more complex population histories and provide important insights into what processes have influenced modern genetic diversity. Here we provide a synopsis of methods available for the analysis of ancient genetic data. We review 29 ancient DNA studies, summarizing the analytical methods and general conclusions for each study. Using the serial coalescent and a model‐testing approach, we then re‐analyse data from two species represented by these data sets in a common interpretive framework. Our analyses show that phylochronologic data can reveal more about population history than modern data alone, thus revealing ‘cryptic’ population processes, and enable us to determine whether simple or complex models best explain the data. Our re‐analyses point to the need for novel methods that consider gene flow, multiple populations and population size in reconstruction of population history. We conclude that population genetic samples over large temporal and geographical scales, when analysed using more complex models and the serial coalescent, are critical to understand past population dynamics and provide important tools for reconstructing the evolutionary process.
Variation in seed dormancy and light sensitivity in Alopecurus myosuroides and Apera spica‐venti
Authors: ANDERSSON L , ÅKERBLOM ESPEBY L 
Published: March 2009

SummaryVariation in seed dormancy and light sensitivity was studied in Alopecurus myosuroides and Apera spica‐venti. Seeds were collected from different populations, at different dates and from plants emerging in autumn or spring, and used in four experiments. In the first experiment, initial dormancy was investigated in light and darkness. In Expt 2, buried seeds were exhumed on 16 occasions, from September 1997 to March 2000, and germinated in light, in darkness and after a 5‐s light exposure. In Expt 3, emergence was recorded for seeds sown in pots outdoors. In Expt 4, stratified seeds of A. myosuroides only were exposed to photon irradiance ranging from 0.1 to 25 600 μmol m−2. Variation was high among seed collections, but both species showed winter annual dormancy patterns. Apera spica‐venti germinated to high percentages in autumn but negligibly in spring. Alopecurus myosuroides germinated less in spring when tested in darkness and after a short light exposure and emerged poorly in spring, which reflected photo‐desensitisation during cold stratification. We conclude that the peak of emergence in A. myosuroides, and to some extent in A. spica‐venti, is largely regulated by exposure to light interacting with low‐level dormancy. This offers valuable information regarding optimal timing of weed control measures.
Dried Fraction I for Clinical Use from Smallest Plasma Pools, Sterile without Filtration
Authors: NITSCHMANN Hs. , KISTLER P. , JOSS A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryAn easy and quick method of producing dried preparations of Cohn's fraction I for clinical use from smallest plasma pools (two or even one donation) is presented. Precipitation with alcohol, centrifugation and solution of the precipitate are carried out in one and the same closed bottle under strictly aseptic conditions. The tedious filtrations are omitted altogether and the solution is freeze‐dried immediately. The yield in fibrinogen is excellent. The risk of transmission of hepatitis by transfusion of such preparations is very small.RésuméOn décrit une méthode simple et rapide de préparation de la fraction I (Cohn) desséchée pour des usages cliniques à partir de pools de plasma de quelques donneurs ou même d'un seul donneur.La précipitation à l'alcool, la centrifugation et la redissolution du sédiment se font dam un seul et même flacon hermétiquement fermé dans des conditions strictement aseptiques. La filtration stérile est ainsi évitée et la solution peut être lyophilisée immédiatement. Le rendement en fibrinogène est très bon. Le risque de transmission de l'hépatite lors de transfusions de ces préparations est minime.ZusammenfassungEs wird eine einfache und rasche Methode zur Herstellung von Trockenpräparaten der Cohn'schen Fraktion I für klinische Verwendung beschrieben, bei der kleinste Plasmapools oder sogar Einzelspenderplasma verarbeitet werden.Das Fällen mit Alkohol, das Abzentrifugieren und das Wiederauflösen des Niederschlages geschieht in ein und derselben geschlossenen Flasche unter streng aseptischen Bedingungen. Das mühsame Sterilfiltrieren wird so überflüssig, und die Lösung kann sofort der Gefriertrocknung zugeführt werden. Die Ausbeute an Fibrinogen ist ausgezeichnet. Das Hepatitisrisiko bei Transfusion so hergestellter Präparate ist minimal.