bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of weight adjusted high frequency low tidal volume ventilation and atrial pacing in lesion metrics in high‐power short‐duration ablation: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Vassallo Fabricio , Volponi Carlos , Cunha Christiano , Corcino Lucas , Serpa Eduardo , Simoes Aloyr , Gasparini Dalbian , Barbosa Luiz Fernando , Schmidt Andre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionLesion size index (LSI) was introduced with the use of Tacticath™ and as a surrogate of lesion quality. The metric used to achieve the predetermined values involves combined information of contact force (CF), power and radiofrequency time. Rapid atrial pacing (RAP) and high‐frequency low‐tidal volume ventilation (HFLTV) independently or in combination improve catheter stability and CF and quality of lesions. Data of the impact of body weight adjusted HFLTV ventilation strategy associated with RAP in the lesion metrics still lacking. The study aimed to compare the results of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) atrial fibrillation ablation using simultaneous weight adjusted HFLTV and RAP and standard ventilation (SV) protocol.MethodsProspective, nonrandomized study with 136 patients undergoing de novo ablation divided into two groups; 70 in RAP (100 ppm) + HFLTV with 4 mL/kg of tidal volume and 25 breaths/min (group A) and 66 patients with SV in intrinsic sinus rhythm (group B). Ablation using 50 W, CF of 5–10 g/10–20 g and 40 mL/minute flow rate on the posterior and anterior left atrial wall, respectively.ResultsNo procedure‐related complications. Group A: Mean LSI points 70 ± 16.5, mean total lower LSI 3.4 ± 0.5, mean total higher LSI 8.2 ± 0.4 and mean total LSI 5.6 ± 0.6. Anterior and posterior wall mean total LSI was 6.0 ± 0.4 and 4.2 ± 0.3, respectively. Mean local impedance drop (LID) points were 118.8 ± 28.4, mean LID index (%) 12.9 ± 1.5, and mean LID < 12% points 55.9 ± 23.8. Anterior and posterior wall mean total LID index were 13.6 ± 2.0 and 11.9 ± 1.7, respectively. Recurrence in 11 (15.7%) patients. Group B: Mean LSI points 56 ± 2.7, mean total lower LSI 2.9 ± 0.7, mean total higher LSI 6.9 ± 0.9, and mean total LSI 4.8 ± 0.8. Anterior and posterior wall mean total LSI was 5.1 ± 0.3 and 3.5 ± 0.5, respectively. Mean LID points were 111.4 ± 21.5, mean LID index (%) 11.4 ± 1.2, and mean LID < 12% points 54.9 ± 25.2. Anterior and posterior wall mean total LID index were 11.8 ± 1.9 and 10.3 ± 1.7, respectively. Recurrence in 14 (21.2%) patients. Mean follow up was 15.2 ± 4.4 months.ConclusionWeight adjusted HFLTV ventilation with RAP HPSD ablation produced lower recurrence rate and better LSI and LID parameters in comparison to SV and intrinsic sinus rhythm.
Dynamic functional connectivity in anorexia nervosa: alterations in states of low connectivity and state transitions
Authors: Boehm Ilka , Mennigen Eva , Geisler Daniel , Poller Nico W. , Gramatke Katrin , Calhoun Vince D. , Roessner Veit , King Joseph A. , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe onset of anorexia nervosa (AN) frequently occurs during adolescence and is associated with preoccupation with body weight and shape and extreme underweight. Altered resting state functional connectivity in the brain has been described in individuals with AN, but only from a static perspective. The current study investigated the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity in adolescents with AN and how it relates to clinical features.Method99 female patients acutely ill with AN and 99 pairwise age‐matched female healthy control (HC) participants were included in the study. Using resting‐state functional MRI data and an established sliding‐window analytic approach, we identified dynamic resting‐state functional connectivity states and extracted dynamic indices such as dwell time (the duration spent in a state), fraction time (the proportion of the total time occupied by a state), and number of transitions (number of switches) from one state to another, to test for group differences.ResultsIndividuals with AN had relatively reduced fraction time in a mildly connected state with pronounced connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and an overall reduced number of transitions between states.ConclusionsThese findings revealed by a dynamic, but not static analytic approach might hint towards a more “rigid” connectivity, a phenomenon commonly observed in internalizing mental disorders, and in AN possibly related to a reduction in energetic costs as a result of nutritional deprivation.
Evaluating the sensitivity to threat and affiliative reward (STAR) model in relation to the development of conduct problems and callous‐unemotional traits across early adolescence
Authors: Paz Yael , Perkins Emily R. , Colins Olivier , Perlstein Samantha , Wagner Nicholas J. , Hawes Samuel W. , Byrd Amy , Viding Essi , Waller Rebecca 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model proposes low threat sensitivity and low affiliation as risk factors for callous‐unemotional (CU) traits. Preliminary evidence for the STAR model comes from work in early childhood. However, studies are needed that explore the STAR dimensions in late childhood and adolescence when severe conduct problems (CP) emerge. Moreover, it is unclear how variability across the full spectrum of threat sensitivity and affiliation gives rise to different forms of psychopathology beyond CU traits.MethodsThe current study addressed these gaps using parent‐ and child‐reported data from three waves and a sub‐study of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® of 11,878 youth (48% female; ages 9–12).ResultsConsistent with the STAR model, low threat sensitivity and low affiliation were independently related to CU traits across informants and time. Moreover, there was significant interaction between the STAR dimensions, such that children with lower sensitivity to threat and lower affiliation had higher parent‐reported CU traits. Unlike CU traits, children with higher threat sensitivity had higher parent‐reported CP and anxiety. Finally, children with lower affiliation had higher parent‐reported CP, anxiety, and depression. Results largely replicated across informants and time, and sensitivity analysis revealed similar findings in children with and without DSM‐5 defined CP.ConclusionsResults support the STAR model hypotheses as they pertain to CU traits and delineate threat sensitivity and affiliation as independent transdiagnostic risk factors for different types of psychopathology. Future research is needed to develop fuller and more reliable and valid measures of affiliation and threat sensitivity across multiple assessment modalities.
Effect of weekly vitamin D supplementation on the severity of atopic dermatitis and type 2 immunity biomarkers in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Borzutzky Arturo , Iturriaga Carolina , Pérez‐Mateluna Guillermo , Cristi Francisca , Cifuentes Lorena , Silva‐Valenzuela Sergio , Vera‐Kellet Cristián , Cabalín Carolina , Hoyos‐Bachiloglu Rodrigo , Navarrete‐Dechent Cristian , Cossio María Laura , Le Roy Catalina , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D (VD) deficiency is common among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and often associated with severity. However, randomized trials of VD supplementation in AD have had equivocal results, and there is little information regarding the effect of VD supplementation on type 2 immunity in AD patients.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of VD supplementation to decrease severity of AD and to alter type 2 immunity biomarkers.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. We randomly assigned 101 children with AD to weekly oral vitamin D3 (VD3) or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the Severity Scoring of AD (SCORAD).ResultsMean age of subjects was 6.3 ± 4.0 years, and baseline SCORAD was 32 ± 29. At baseline, 57% of children were VD deficient, with no difference between groups. Change in 25(OH)D was significantly greater with VD3 than placebo (+43.4 ± 34.5 nmol/L vs. +2.3 ± 21.2 nmol/L, p < 0.001). SCORAD change at 6 weeks was not different between VD and placebo (−5.3 ± 11.6 vs. −5.5 ± 9.9, p = 0.91). There were no significant between‐group differences in change of eosinophil counts, total IgE, Staphylococcal enterotoxin specific IgE, CCL17, CCL22, CCL27, LL‐37 or Staphylococcus aureus lesional skin colonization. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms FokI, ApaI and TaqI did not modify subjects' response to VD supplementation.ConclusionsAmong children with AD, weekly VD supplementation improved VD status but did not modify AD severity or type 2 immunity biomarkers compared to placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01996423).
Redescription of Cyprinion muscatense (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) with the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus
Authors: Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Masoumi Amir Hassan , Sayyadzadeh Golnaz , Zarei Fatah , Maclaine James 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMembers of the genus Cyprinion (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are found in the Indus River basin west to the Arabian Peninsula and the Tigris‐Euphrates River drainages (Persian Gulf basin). The taxonomic status of Cyprinion including Cyprinion muscatense is poorly understood when compared to other cyprinid genera. C. muscatense has been considered as a member of the Cyprinion watsoni‐microphthalmum group and a valid species endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Here, we redescribe C. muscatense based on an integrative morphological and molecular approach and freshly sampled material from several localities in the Oman Mountains ecoregion. The results showed that C. muscatense is distinguished from the other Cyprinion species in the Arabian Peninsula by having a short, thin, and slightly serrated last unbranched dorsal fin ray; the lower number of circumpeduncular scales; lateral line scales; and also scales between the lateral line and the dorsal‐fin origin. Subterminal mouth, presence of one pair of small barbels at the mouth corner, 3–4 unbranched and 9½–10½ dorsal‐fin branched rays, 12–14 pectoral‐fin rays, 7–8 pelvic‐fin rays, 2–3 unbranched and 6½–7½ branched anal‐fin rays, and 37–40 lateral line scales are other morphological characteristics of C. muscatense. C. muscatense is also well distinguished by molecular characters among its congeners. The first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus, covering all currently recognized Cyprinion species except for C. watsoni, is also presented. C. muscatense is resolved as the sister species to another endemic fish of the Arabian Peninsula Cyprinion mhalense, with a Kimura‐2‐Parameter model distance of 5.3%.
Effect of different ultrasound conditions and other parameters on solids gain, water loss, and properties of osmotically dehydrated carrots
Authors: Basumatary Smriti , Sarkar Bhaswati , Singh Awanish , Sit Nandan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsmotic dehydration (OD) of carrots was studied by varying the OD conditions (ultrasound as pretreatment [USP], ultrasound‐assisted OD [USOD], and OD without ultrasound [no treatment]), solute concentration (50, 60, and 70°Brix) and solid‐to‐solution ratio (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5). The osmotically dehydrated carrots obtained from the different combinations were then analyzed for solid‐gain (SG) and water loss. Color and texture measurements along with carotenoid content were also studied. Among the different solid‐to‐solution ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5), samples dehydrated with 1:4 yielded the best result for different tests. USOD samples (1:4) gave significantly (p < 0.05) better results for water‐loss (68.74%) and SG (16.57%) as compared to SG of USP (12.46%) and SG of non‐treated samples (11.6%). USOD samples underwent the least amount of color change but had significantly higher values of hardness (240.38 N) than other treatments. The yield of total carotenoids was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the USOD samples (22.30 mg/100 g) when compared with USP (18.27 mg/100 g) and non‐treated samples (13.94 mg/100 g). The better quality of products from USOD treatment in terms of color, texture, and nutrition can make it a popular choice in the food industry for various applications.Practical applicationsOsmotic dehydration (OD) is a useful technique to preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities of carrots and extend its shelf life. OD is a time‐consuming process and the rate of mass transfer from foods can be increased when OD is combined with other processes. Ultrasound (US) processing is a non‐thermal process that can be used to increase the mass transfer rate during the OD process. In the present work, US was applied as a pretreatment before carrying out the OD process and during the OD process, that is, US was applied in the osmotic solution after putting the carrot slices to see which method was better in increasing the mass transfer rate and preserving the quality of the dehydrated carrots. The findings will help in deciding the proper way for US to be applied for the OD process for carrots and can be extended to other fruits and vegetables.
Breastfeeding, Chestfeeding, and Lactating Parents’ Experiences With Online Support Groups: An Integrative Review
Authors: Reicher Haley K. , Spatz Diane L. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe aim of this integrative review is to understand (1) how parents in specific populations engage with online breastfeeding, chestfeeding, or lactation support groups, (2) how these support groups influence extended breastfeeding duration and other outcomes, and (3) whether the use of support groups by these specific populations has changed since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsOf the articles identified across 4 electronic databases, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria; they were published between 2013 and 2023, written in English, and focused on the use of online peer support groups for breastfeeding, chestfeeding, and lactation support in specific populations. Eight of these studies are qualitative, 1 is a randomized controlled trial, and 1 is mixed methods.ResultsEight themes were identified: (1) overcoming lack of real world support, (2) normalization, (3) practical support, (4) emotional support and shared experiences, (5) building a bridge to in‐person relationships, (6) reciprocity and activism, (7) self‐efficacy and outcomes, and (8) issues with online support groups.DiscussionSpecific subpopulations of breastfeeding, chestfeeding, and lactating parents and their partners found comfort in online support groups because they normalized more unique feeding practices and offered a space to provide and receive encouragement. Additionally, this review includes fathers/partners as a previously ignored subpopulation who benefit from education and support with breastfeeding, chestfeeding, and lactation. This subpopulation is also an area for expanded research on the use of online support groups by partners of lactating parents.
Xanthurenic acid: A role in brain intercellular signaling
Authors: Maitre Michel , Taleb Omar , Jeltsch‐David Hélène , Klein Christian , Mensah‐Nyagan Ayikoe‐Guy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractXanthurenic acid (XA) raises a growing multidisciplinary interest based upon its oxidizing properties, its ability to complex certain metal ions, and its detoxifier capacity of 3‐hydroxykynurenine (3‐HK), its brain precursor. However, little is still known about the role and mechanisms of action of XA in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, many research groups have recently investigated XA and its central functions extensively. The present paper critically reviews and discusses all major data related to XA properties and neuronal activities to contribute to the improvement of the current knowledge on XA's central roles and mechanisms of action. In particular, our data showed the existence of a specific G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) for XA localized exclusively in brain neurons exhibiting Ca2+‐dependent dendritic release and specific electrophysiological responses. XA properties and central activities suggest a role for this compound in brain intercellular signaling. Indeed, XA stimulates cerebral dopamine (DA) release contrary to its structural analog, kynurenic acid (KYNA). Thus, KYNA/XA ratio could be fundamental in the regulation of brain glutamate and DA release. Cerebral XA may also represent an homeostatic signal between the periphery and several brain regions where XA accumulates easily after peripheral administration. Therefore, XA status in certain psychoses or neurodegenerative diseases seems to be reinforced by its brain‐specific properties in balance with its formation and peripheral inputs.image
MoAti1 mediates mitophagy by facilitating recruitment of MoAtg8 to promote invasive growth in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Shi Huanbin , Meng Shuai , Qiu Jiehua , Xie Shuwei , Jiang Nan , Luo Chaoxi , Naqvi Naweed I. , Kou Yanjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMitophagy is a selective autophagy for the degradation of damaged or excessive mitochondria to maintain intracellular homeostasis. In Magnaporthe oryzae, a filamentous ascomycetous fungus that causes rice blast, the most devastating disease of rice, mitophagy occurs in the invasive hyphae to promote infection. To date, only a few proteins are known to participate in mitophagy and the mechanisms of mitophagy are largely unknown in pathogenic fungi. Here, by a yeast two‐hybrid screen with the core autophagy‐related protein MoAtg8 as a bait, we obtained a MoAtg8 interactor MoAti1 (MoAtg8‐interacting protein 1). Fluorescent observations and protease digestion analyses revealed that MoAti1 is primarily localized to the peripheral mitochondrial outer membrane and is responsible for recruiting MoAtg8 to mitochondria under mitophagy induction conditions. MoAti1 is specifically required for mitophagy, but not for macroautophagy and pexophagy. Infection assays suggested that MoAti1 is required for mitophagy in invasive hyphae during pathogenesis. Notably, no homologues of MoAti1 were found in rice and human protein databases, indicating that MoAti1 may be used as a potential target to control rice blast. By the host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) strategy, transgenic rice plants targeted to silencing MoATI1 showed enhanced resistance against M. oryzae with unchanged agronomic traits. Our results suggest that MoATI1 is required for mitophagy and pathogenicity in M. oryzae and can be used as a target for reducing rice blast.
CARD9 mutations in patients with fungal infections: An update from the last 5 years
Authors: Dantas Maryanna da Silva , Cintra Maria Eduarda Carvalho , Lucini Fabíola , Venturini James , de Souza Gleyce Hellen de Almeida , Rossato Luana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive deficiency in the caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a congenital immunological condition that leads to susceptibility to mucocutaneous and invasive fungal infections. There is growing incidence of fungal infections in patients with CARD9 deficiency, a phenomenon that is increasingly recognised.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the frequency, geographic distribution and nature of mutations in patients with CARD9 deficiency, based on published papers in the literature until March 2023.MethodsWe swiftly conducted a study to pinpoint every documented instance of fungal infections arising from CARD9 deficiency. We selected case reports from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar spanning the period from October 2009 to March 2023.ResultsWe analysed 90 cases of fungal infections and identified 32 mutations in the CARD9 gene. Notably, the homozygous (HMZ) p.Q295X (c.883C > T) mutation was associated with an increased risk of candidiasis. In contrast, the HMZ p.Q289X (c.865C > T) mutation is linked to a higher risk of dermatophytosis. We observed differences in the geographical distribution of these mutations. The primary mutations found in African patients differ from those in Asian patients. Specifically, Asian patients exhibit a broader spectrum of CARD9 mutations than African patients.ConclusionsThe diversity of mutations observed in the 90 cases revealed 32 distinct variations, emphasising the unique genetic alterations in the CARD9 gene associated with specific geographical areas and the corresponding prevalence of fungal infections.
Hybrid Mimulus flowers attract a new pollinator
Authors: Peng Foen , Sun Xiaohe , van Vloten Claudia , Correll Jude , Langdon Marlena , Ngochanthra Weerin , Johnson Karl , Amador Kane Suzanne 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Hybridization is common in flowering plants and is believed to be an important force driving adaptation and speciation. The flowers of hybrids often exhibit new trait combinations, which, theoretically, could attract new species of pollinators.

In this study, we found that the hybrids between a hummingbird‐pollinated species Mimulus cardinalis and a self‐pollinated species Mimulus parishii attract bumblebees (Bombus impatiens), a pollinator not attracted to either of the progenitor species.

This novel attraction is explained by new combinations of floral traits in hybrids, including, most importantly, petal color, in addition to nectar concentration and corolla size. To understand how petal color variation is perceived by bumblebees, we performed reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging to model the flower appearance in bee vision. This analysis showed that color variation would impact the ease of detection. We also found that YUP, the genetic locus responsible for a large portion of floral color variation and previously shown to be important in bee interactions with other Mimulus species, also played an important role in this novel attraction.

These results together suggest that the attraction of new pollinators to hybrid plants could be an underexplored avenue for pollinator shift and speciation.
Plant root mechanisms and their effects on carbon and nutrient accumulation in desert ecosystems under changes in land use and climate
Authors: Tariq Akash , Graciano Corina , Sardans Jordi , Zeng Fanjiang , Hughes Alice C. , Ahmed Zeeshan , Ullah Abd , Ali Sikandar , Gao Yanju , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: March 2024

SummaryDeserts represent key carbon reservoirs, yet as these systems are threatened this has implications for biodiversity and climate change. This review focuses on how these changes affect desert ecosystems, particularly plant root systems and their impact on carbon and mineral nutrient stocks. Desert plants have diverse root architectures shaped by water acquisition strategies, affecting plant biomass and overall carbon and nutrient stocks. Climate change can disrupt desert plant communities, with droughts impacting both shallow and deep‐rooted plants as groundwater levels fluctuate. Vegetation management practices, like grazing, significantly influence plant communities, soil composition, root microorganisms, biomass, and nutrient stocks. Shallow‐rooted plants are particularly susceptible to climate change and human interference. To safeguard desert ecosystems, understanding root architecture and deep soil layers is crucial. Implementing strategic management practices such as reducing grazing pressure, maintaining moderate harvesting levels, and adopting moderate fertilization can help preserve plant–soil systems. Employing socio‐ecological approaches for community restoration enhances carbon and nutrient retention, limits desert expansion, and reduces CO2 emissions. This review underscores the importance of investigating belowground plant processes and their role in shaping desert landscapes, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of desert ecosystems.